bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic Approach to Web-Based Discovery of Unknowns to Enhance Intelligence Gathering
Authors: Danilova Natalia , Stupples David
Published: February 2017

A semantic Web-based search method is introduced that automates the correlation of topic-related content for discovery of hitherto unknown intelligence from disparate and widely diverse Web-sources. This method is in contrast to traditional search methods that are constrained to specific or narrowly defined topics. The method is based on algorithms from Natural Language Processing combined with techniques adapted from grounded theory and Dempster-Shafer theory to significantly enhance the discovery of related Web-sourced intelligence. This paper describes the development of the method by showing the integration of the mathematical models used. Real-world worked examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with supporting performance analysis, showing that the quality of the extracted content is significantly enhanced comparing to the traditional Web-search approaches.
Methodology of Creating Ontology of Information Science (OIS)
Authors: Sawsaa Ahlam F. , Lu Joan
Published: February 2017

In the previous chapter we have discussed the main fields related to the research: ontological engineering, knowledge management, and Virtual communities of practice. As stated before, our concern is representing domain knowledge by creating OIS ontology. After reviewing the ontology literature to find an appropriate theoretical perspective focusing on the content-related variables for theoretical model construction, we found that theories can help to define formal ontological properties that contribute to characterising the concepts. Meanwhile, ontologists nowadays have a choice of formal frameworks which derive from formal logic, algebra, category theory, set theory and Mereotopology. However, to gain a better understand of OIS ontology development and its role in semantic web, the framework is established to describe the main theoretical base. The theoretical base of our framework is based on ontology theoretic.
International Students in Higher Education
Authors: Martin Kevin J.
Published: February 2017

The world continues to experience rapid advances in technology and transportation that increasingly expand opportunities and accessibility for international students to study in ways that were not possible even a few decades ago. Such changes create both challenges and solutions for the modern higher education institution in the U.S. With the goal of higher education to work toward opening minds and creating a space for sharing and learning within an open and diverse learning community, it is imperative that international students be incorporated in a way that engages and invigorates the quality of learning on campus. Some of the challenges to this notion include a variety of learner variables influencing how international students integrate into the broader learning community. This chapter focuses on some of these variables impacting international students with an emphasis on the problems, potential solutions, and critical areas for future research.
Reframing White Privilege
Authors: Mueller Carla , King M. Denise , Klar Dana
Published: February 2017

Three undergraduate social work faculty began discussions about diversity education and experiences in the classroom. Being from diverse races—African American, indigenous, and white, brought a uniqueness of perspectives about teaching primarily white students about human diversity. One stumbling block, white privilege, appeared to be a concept where open discussion was stilted or absent, students began to disengage, and the authors, as instructors, became frustrated. Research on diversity education revealed these reactions to be a common barrier in teaching cultural competency. This chapter addresses the challenges of defining, creating awareness, reframing, and calling for social action to work toward equality. The experiences, teaching techniques, and the cultural lenses of the authors are shared.
Addressing Cultural Diversity and Global Competence
Authors: Rell Amy Beth , Puig Rita A. , Roll Fabiola , Valles Veronica , Espinoza Monica , Duque Alba L.
Published: February 2017

This chapter addresses Hispanic college students' matriculation at Regis University through its Dual Language Program. It covers the inception of this program through completion, describing each phase of the program, its structure, staff, and partnerships, as well as the students' development, struggles, and successes. The research presents new data for Hispanic undergraduate and graduate students in a bilingual setting, resulting in the funneling of new bilingual culturally competent professionals in this diverse and increasingly global world. It also provides recommendations for future research.
Getting to “Know” STEAM
Authors: Koester Merrie
Published: February 2017

This chapter describes the evolution of a personalized, arts-integrated approach to science curriculum inquiry which has been evolving since the 1990s—before even the national science standards, the acronym STEM, much less STEAM, appeared across educational horizons. It reads as ethnography and has been performed in community, in association with the most caring of souls, with the goal of achieving a more inclusive/empowering, aesthetic science education and a deep appreciation of the importance of the creative arts in the learning process. It presents two research-based iterations in STEAM education in practice: 1) the creation of arts-integrated middle school ocean science curricula and 2) the development of a pedagogical tool called the “Know”tation as a way for teachers and students to make learning visible and integrate the languages of science throughout the process of inquiry. The cases described in this chapter apply many features of the STEAM model developed in Chapter 1 of this book.
Exploring Simple Machines With Creative Movement
Authors: Lindquist William Paul , James-Hassan Martha , Lindquist Nathan C.
Published: February 2017

This chapter explores the use of creative movement to extend meaning to inquiry-based science investigations. This process embraces the addition of A to STEM to realize the impact of STEAM. The chapter builds on the import of scientific and physical literacy, interdisciplinary learning, and the power of kinesthetic engagement. Students become active collaborative agents within a dynamic model using creative movement to bring meaning to the science of simple machines. We utilize a Working Words into Movement strategy to help students use their past experiences and motor memory to explore, interpret, and engage with as they seek understanding of simple machines. A Midwest urban elementary school provides the context for a unit plan culminating in a dance performance. The foundational ideas presented within this unit can be enacted within any classroom by creative movement (physical education or dance) specialists, science specialists, or classroom generalists. It follows with a presentation of science content on simple machines exploring the disciplinary core idea of force and motion.
Constructing a Marshmallow Catapult
Authors: DiBiase Warren James , McDonald Judith R. , Strong Kellan
Published: February 2017

This case will present a project-based scenario where students will take the place of an astronaut stranded on Mars. Like the character in the Disney film The Martian, the astronaut only has a small collection of “spare parts” at his disposal to ensure survival. In this scenario, our astronauts meet predators and in an effort to fend them off, they must design and construct a catapult. During this deep dive process the astronauts working in groups of four, will take an inventory of spare parts available, design and draw a plan for building, build the catapult, test the catapult, and then go through a series of revisions, retesting and sharing their redesigns.
Historical, Biological, Social, Cultural, and Psychological Aspects of Non-Traditional Arrangements
Authors: Cohen Marisa Tamar , Fevrier Stephanie S.
Published: February 2017

This chapter examines consensual non-monogamy (CNM) from a variety of theoretical perspectives. The historical roots of marriage are traced to examine how society at large has shifted and come to view monogamy as the “typical” and acceptable approach to relationships, when this was not always the case. An examination of the biological evidence surrounding non-monogamy is presented in hopes of determining if we as a species are truly hard-wired to live a monogamous lifestyle. The psychological perspective is presented to examine the mental benefits and deficits faced by those in non-traditional relationships. Finally, the social and cultural components of non-monogamy are explored to highlight the various relationship structures commonly practiced, as well as the rules often abided by. This information will provide the reader with a clear picture of what non-monogamous relationships are and how these configurations impact the individual, as well as influence society as a whole.
Comparing the Effects of Specific Variables on Passionate Love among Young People
Authors: Yildirim Filiz , Barnett Rosemary V.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the study is to examine differences of passionate love by culture, sex and the state of being in love at the time of the research. It was conducted with a total of 235 young people, 118 from a Turkish University and 117 from a US university. As a data collection tool, the Passionate Love Scale (PLS) and personal information forms were used. In this study, it was found that culture and the state of being in love affected passionate love. It was also found that university students in an individualistic culture (the US) reported a higher score of passionate love. However, there was not a significant difference for passionate love between scores obtained by both males and females from the US and Turkey. Furthermore, the PLS scores of the university students in love were significantly higher than those of the students who were not in love in both countries.
Attachment Security and Emotional Availability
Authors: Biringen Zeynep , Harman Jennifer J. , Saunders Hannah , Emde Robert N.
Published: February 2017

Attachment theory posits that sensitive interactions between caregivers and children are the bedrock of a secure attachment (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). The larger concept of “emotional availability” (Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998) refers to the avenue by which secure attachments are formed, including qualities additional to parental sensitivity. That is, according to the emotional availability framework (Biringen et al., 1998), parental structuring, non-intrusiveness, and non-hostility and sensitivity contribute to the climate that nurtures secure attachment. Child qualities also contribute to secure attachment, in the form of child's responsiveness and child's involvement/engagement with the caregiver. This paper will explore the similarities and differences in these two (primarily) observational concepts as well as propose areas that require broadening, given recent research on family dynamics. Moreover, we describe implications for clinical practice involving intact and divorced families.
Modelos para leigas e religiosas: os livros do pe. Júlio Maria De Lombaerde (1878-1944)
Authors: Guariza Nadia Maria
Published: February 2017

O artigo analisa alguns livros do pe. Júlio Maria De Lombaerde, missionário belga que veio ao Brasil em 1902 e, desenvolveu parte dos seus trabalhos na cidade de Manhumirim (MG) até a sua morte em 1944. O padre Júlio Maria escreveu mais de 80 livros, entre estes livros optou-se em investigar os que tratam do marianismo, da Sagrada Família e da vida de religiosas. A finalidade é refletir sobre os papéis femininos nos quadros da Igreja Católica nas primeiras décadas do século XX, tanto das leigas quanto das religiosas. Para tanto, entende-se que as representações sobre o feminino estavam ancoradas na divisão binária dos gêneros, reforçando hierarquias entre homens e mulheres, bem como na concepção de superioridade do sagrado em relação ao profano, estabelecendo assim, hierarquias, também, entre religiosas e leigas.
Abençoada cura: poéticas da voz e saberes de benzedeiras
Authors: Cunha Lidiane Alves da , Assunção Luiz Carvalho
Published: February 2017

Este artigo se propõe a adentrar neste duplo universo: o aspecto mágico/religioso dos saberes das benzedeiras e o papel da palavra enquanto elemento de cura. Esse conhecimento, das quais somente estas são conhecedoras, se faz presente e se performatiza no instante, em que visível e invisível irão compor a força e o poder das palavras das benzedeiras, que não podem ser ensinadas à esmo sob pena de perder sua “força”. Assim, questiono por que as benzedeiras não ensinam o significado de suas preces, a não ser em determinados contextos de transmissão do saber? Que implicações esse preceito traz para o ofício nos dias de hoje? A partir das orações pronunciadas nos rituais de cura, elas performatizam a palavra, a voz, as narrações e memórias. O objetivo é alcançarmos essa fonte de saber existente na oralidade, a benzeção, desvendando a essência existente por trás da palavra, pois mais do que o significado literal, as palavras têm o poder de curar, sem a necessidade de possuir uma função definida, bem como de ser um saber transmitido em contextos em que a poética da voz se faz presente. É através da análise teórica dos textos, da etnobiografia e observação participante que buscamos nos aproximar do campo de atuação das benzedeiras nas cidades de Natal, Parnamirim -­ RN. Como referencial teórico, a obra de Paul Zumthor será a base para a construção das categorias voz, poesia oral, performance e oralidade. Também partiremos das obras de Richard Sennett, Walter Benjamim e Maurice Halbwachs e Walter Ong como eixo norteador dos estudos sobre oralidade, memória e narração.
Da Teologia da Libertação à libertação da teologia: a biografia de um intelectual protestante
Authors: Silva Anaxsuell Fernando
Published: February 2017

Este artigo é desdobramento de investigação sobre a biografia de Rubem Alves (1933 - 2014), teólogo, escritor, cronista e educador brasileiro para tese doutoral. Neste texto, de maneira específica, discute-se o percurso intelectual deste autor no que tange à sua singularidade – de teólogo da libertação a cronista do cotidiano e escritor de contos infantis. Evidenciamos o percurso da sua trajetória com o entorno social institucional e político no qual esteve imerso. Neste sentido, a biografia em questão colabora no desvelamento das instituições religiosas e do regime político vigente no país, além de problematizar as escolhas do biografado. Assim, a relação entre sujeito e realidade externa expressa por sua capacidade de construir novos mundos, atribuir novos sentidos à vida, abrir-se ao simbólico e ao devir; e não, pelo adaptar-se passivamente à realidade exterior submetendo-se a ela.
Performances artísticas e circularidades das simbologias afro religiosas
Authors: Bahia Joana , Vieira Caroline
Published: February 2017

Este artigo analisa performances artísticas ligadas à música e à dança como manifestações culturais capazes de irradiar símbolos dos cultos afro-brasileiros evidenciando como a sua circularidade nos permite compreender este espaço e tempo de trocas de experiências sobre negritude. Membros do culto, músicos e dançarinos, divulgavam elementos rituais e práticas dos cultos fora dos terreiros, demonstrando inspiração religiosa nas suas artes. A ideia de Atlântico Negro nos possibilita repensar as fronteiras dos diferentes tempos e espaços que marcam as trajetórias dos dançarinos e pais-de-santo Joãozinho da Goméia e Murah e o cantor, compositor e também dançarino Getúlio Marinho e o modo como estes atores sociais demarcam a presença do sagrado afro-brasileiro em suas atividades profissionais e artísticas.
Religious and political leadership in Brazil at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries – the case of Father Cícero
Authors: Siuda-Ambroziak Renata Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

Brazil is a very interesting place for academic research regarding religious and political leadership. It does not happen only due to the continuous supply of religious leaders, but also owing to their social and political influence. One of good examples of such leaders at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries is certainly Father Cicero, who, in spite of the problems connected with the disapproval of his activity on the part of the Vatican, is still regarded as a perfect example of both an outstanding politician and a non-canonized popular saint with the place of his earthly religious and political activity turned long ago into destination of pilgrimages and important popular religiosity shrines. Using the biographical method and coming out of the Weberian concepts of charismatic leadership, the author tries to explain the reasons behind his tremendous popularity and a conflict with the Catholic hierarchy, as well as to comment on the background of his cult in the context of social, economic and political changes taking place in Brazil during his lifetime.
As crenças em interface com a ciência e a medicina
Authors: Tatsch de Mello Mateus
Published: February 2017

Resenha da obra "História, ciência e medicina no Brasil e América Latina (séculos XIX e XX)", organizada por Artar César Isaia e Natália Priedo, traz artigos selecionados no encontro do GT “Historical Studies os Science, Technology and Medicine in Latin America” da European Association of Historians of Latin America (AHILA), realizado na Alemanha em 2014.
Innovation in utilization of fish tanks for fish culture among fish farmers in Obio/Akpor Local Government, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Olatunji S.O. , Ogunremi J.B.
Published: February 2017

This study investigated innovation in utilization of fish tanks for fish culture among fish farmers in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Data for this study was obtained through the administration of questionnaire and scheduled interview to 120 sampled fish farmers randomly selected from the study area. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics; frequencies, percentages and means. The results showed that fish farmers in the study area utilized innovation on fish tank; raise of platform to keep the tank (77.5%), construction of water inlet and outlet on tank (74.2%) and use of tank for incubation and hatching (64.2%). Fish farmers’ perception of the benefits on innovation utilization of fish tank include mobile and its position can be changed (80.0%), allows a quick view at the base (65.8%), easy to maintain (61.7%), cheap and economical (54.2%). Major constraint to innovation utilization on fish tanks is low stocking density (71.7%). It is recommended that fish farmers should explore all available sources of information on various innovations on fish tank for fish culture. Also, manufacturers of fish tanks should take into consideration various sizes that would accommodate high stocking density.Keyword: fish culture, fish farmer, fish tank, innovation, utilization
Preliminary study on the effect of iba on the cuttings of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex J.C. Wendi
Authors: Ogunade J.O. , Agbeja A.O. , Olaifa K.A. , Ogundana S.A. , Ojo P.A.
Published: February 2017

This study investigated the effect of IBA on the sprouting and growth of Bambusa vulgaris cuttings. Forty (40) culm cuttings of two nodes per cutting were divided into four (4) batches with each batch containing ten (10) cuttings. Each batch was subjected to one hour (60min) soaking in Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) Treatment as follows; T1 soaked in 300ppm, T2 in 400ppm, T3 soaked in 500ppm and T4 was the Control (cuttings were not soaked in IBA). After the soaking operation, the cuttings were injected with 5ml of the same treatment used for each batch and were tapped to avoid leakage. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments replicated. Data were collected weekly for 6weeks.The results revealed thatthe cuttings without the application of growth regulator performed better in terms of height and collar diameter compared to the cuttings that were treated with theregulator. Number of leaves and sprouts produced in all treatments were not significantly different from each other. Thus, it can be recommended that B. vulgaris can be vegetatively propagated without IBA application.Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris, Vegetative propagation, Plant growth regulator, Cuttings
Effect of a Novel Clinical Decision Support Tool on the Efficiency and Accuracy of Treatment Recommendations for Cholesterol Management
Authors: Scheitel Marianne , Kessler Maya , Shellum Jane , Peters Steve , Milliner Dawn , Liu Hongfang , Elayavilli Ravikumar , Poterack Karl , Miksch Timothy , Boysen Jennifer , Hankey Ron , Chaudhry Rajeev
Published: February 2017

Background: The 2013 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Guidelines for the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol emphasize treatment based on cardiovascular risk. But finding time in a primary care visit to manually calculate cardiovascular risk and prescribe treatment based on risk is challenging. We developed an informatics-based clinical decision support tool, MayoExpertAdvisor, to deliver automated cardiovascular risk scores and guideline-based treatment recommendations based on patient-specific data in the electronic heath record.

Objective: To assess the impact of our clinical decision support tool on the efficiency and accuracy of clinician calculation of cardiovascular risk and its effect on the delivery of guideline-consistent treatment recommendations.

Methods: Clinicians were asked to review the EHR records of selected patients. We evaluated the amount of time and the number of clicks and keystrokes needed to calculate cardiovascular risk and provide a treatment recommendation with and without our clinical decision support tool. We also compared the treatment recommendation arrived at by clinicians with and without the use of our tool to those recommended by the guidelines.

Results: Clinicians saved 3 minutes and 38 seconds in completing both tasks with MayoExpertAd-visor, used 94 fewer clicks and 23 fewer key strokes, and improved accuracy from the baseline of 60.61% to 100% for both the risk score calculation and guideline-consistent treatment recommendation.

Conclusion: Informatics solution can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of individualized treatment recommendations and have the potential to increase guideline compliance.
Particulate-phase mercury emissions from biomass burning and impact on resulting deposition: a modelling assessment
Authors: De Simone Francesco , Artaxo Paulo , Bencardino Mariantonia , Cinnirella Sergio , Carbone Francesco , D'Amore Francesco , Dommergue Aurélien , Feng Xin Bin , Gencarelli Christian N. , Hedgecock Ian M. , Landis Matthew S. , Sprovieri Francesca , Suzuki Noriuki , Wängberg Ingvar , Pirrone Nicola
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) emissions from biomass burning (BB) are an important source of atmospheric Hg and a major factor driving the interannual variation of Hg concentrations in the troposphere. The greatest fraction of Hg from BB is released in the form of elemental Hg (Hg0(g)). However, little is known about the fraction of Hg bound to particulate matter (HgP) released from BB, and the factors controlling this fraction are also uncertain. In light of the aims of the Minamata Convention to reduce intentional Hg use and emissions from anthropogenic activities, the relative importance of Hg emissions from BB will have an increasing impact on Hg deposition fluxes. Hg speciation is one of the most important factors determining the redistribution of Hg in the atmosphere and the geographical distribution of Hg deposition. Using the latest version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFEDv4.1s) and the global Hg chemistry transport model, ECHMERIT, the impact of Hg speciation in BB emissions, and the factors which influence speciation, on Hg deposition have been investigated for the year 2013. The role of other uncertainties related to physical and chemical atmospheric processes involving Hg and the influence of model parametrisations were also investigated, since their interactions with Hg speciation are complex. The comparison with atmospheric HgP concentrations observed at two remote sites, Amsterdam Island (AMD) and Manaus (MAN), in the Amazon showed a significant improvement when considering a fraction of HgP from BB. The set of sensitivity runs also showed how the quantity and geographical distribution of HgP emitted from BB has a limited impact on a global scale, although the inclusion of increasing fractions HgP does limit Hg0(g) availability to the global atmospheric pool. This reduces the fraction of Hg from BB which deposits to the world's oceans from 71 to 62 %. The impact locally is, however, significant on northern boreal and tropical forests, where fires are frequent, uncontrolled and lead to notable Hg inputs to local ecosystems. In the light of ongoing climatic changes this effect could be potentially be exacerbated in the future.
Exploring sources of biogenic secondary organic aerosol compounds
using chemical analysis and the FLEXPART model
Authors: Martinsson Johan , Monteil Guillaume , Sporre Moa K. , Kaldal Hansen Anne Maria , Kristensson Adam , Eriksson Stenström Kristina , Swietlicki Erik , Glasius Marianne
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Molecular tracers in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) can provide information on origin of SOA, as well as regional scale processes involved in their formation. In this study nine carboxylic acids, eleven organosulfates (OSs) and two nitrooxy organosulfates (NOSs) were determined in daily aerosol particle filter samples from Vavihill measurement station in southern Sweden during June and July 2012. Several of the observed compounds are photo-oxidation products from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Highest average mass concentrations were observed for carboxylic acids derived from fatty acids and monoterpenes (12.3±15.6 and 13.8±11.6 ng/m3, respectively). The FLEXPART model was used to link 9 specific surface types to single measured compounds. It was found that the surface category “sea and ocean” was dominating the air mass exposure (54 %) but contributed to low mass concentration of observed chemical compounds. A principal component (PC) analysis identified four components, where the one with highest explanatory power (49 %) displayed clear impact of coniferous forest on measured mass concentration of a majority of the compounds. The three remaining PC's were more difficult to interpret, although azelaic, suberic, and pimelic acid were closely related to each other but not to any clear surface category. Hence, future studies should aim to deduce the biogenic sources and surface category of these compounds. This study bridges micro level chemical speciation to air mass surface exposure on the macro level.
Human-flood interactions in Rome over the past 150 years
Authors: Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Saccà Smeralda , Aronica Giuseppe Tito , Grimaldi Salvatore , Ciullo Alessio , Crisci Massimiliano
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Throughout history, the socio-economic development of the city of Rome has been intertwined with the magnitude and frequency of flooding events from the Tiber, one of Italy's largest rivers. Ancient Rome mostly developed on the hills, while the Tiber's floodplain was mainly exploited for agricultural purposes. A few small communities did settle in the riparian areas of the Tiber, but they had a relatively peaceful relationship with the frequent occurrence of flooding events. Instead, numerous people live nowadays in modern districts in the Tiber's floodplain, unaware of their exposure to potentially catastrophic flooding. This research work aims to explore the dynamics of changing flood risk between these two opposite pictures of ancient and contemporary Rome. To this end, we carried out a socio-hydrological study by using long time series of hydrological (extreme flood events) and social (human population dynamics) processes, along with information about human interactions with the environment (flood defence structures). The historical analysis showed how human and water systems have been co-evolving over time, while being abruptly altered by the occurrence of an extreme flood event in 1870, just before Rome became the capital of a recently unified Italy. The outcomes of this study were then compared to the results of a socio-hydrological model simulating the dynamics emerging from the mutual shaping of floods and societies.
ISMAR: an airborne submillimetre radiometer
Authors: Fox Stuart , Lee Clare , Moyna Brian , Philipp Martin , Rule Ian , Rogers Stuart , King Robert , Oldfield Matthew , Rea Simon , Henry Manju , Wang Hui , Harlow R. Chawn
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The International Submillimetre Airborne Radiometer (ISMAR) has been developed as an airborne demonstrator for the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) that will be launched on board the next generation of European polar-orbiting weather satellites in the 2020s. It currently has 15 channels at frequencies between 118 and 664 GHz which are sensitive to scattering by cloud ice, and additional channels at 874 GHz are being developed. This paper presents an overview of ISMAR and describes the algorithms used for calibration. The main sources of bias in the measurements are evaluated, as well as the radiometric sensitivity in different measurement scenarios. It is shown that for downward views from high altitude, representative of a satellite viewing geometry, the bias in most channels is less than ±1 K and the NEΔT is less than 2 K, with many channels having an NEΔT less than 1 K. In-flight calibration accuracy is also evaluated by comparison of high-altitude zenith views with radiative-transfer simulations.
Smoothing data series by means of cubic splines:
quality of approximation and introduction of an iterative spline
approach
Authors: Wüst Sabine , Wendt Verena , Linz Ricarda , Bittner Michael
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Cubic splines with equidistant spline sampling points are a common method in atmospheric science for the approximation of undisturbed background conditions by means of filtering superimposed fluctuations from a data series. Often, not only the background conditions are of scientific interest but also the residuals – the subtraction of the spline from the original time series. Based on test data sets, we show that the quality of approximation is not increasing continuously with increasing number of spline sampling points/decreasing distance between two spline sampling points. Splines can generate considerable artificial oscillations in the data. We introduce an iterative spline approach which is able to significantly reduce this phenomenon. We apply it not only to the test data but also to TIMED-SABER temperature data and choose the distance between two spline sampling points in a way that we are sensitive for a large spectrum of gravity waves.
Continuous and consistent land use/cover change estimates using socio-ecological data
Authors: Marshall Michael , Norton-Griffiths Michael , Herr Harvey , Lamprey Richard , Sheffield Justin , Vagen Tor , Okotto-Okotto Joseph
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A growing body of research shows the importance of land use/cover change (LULCC) on modifying the Earth system. Land surface models are used to stimulate land–atmosphere dynamics at the macroscale, but model bias and uncertainty remain that need to be addressed before the importance of LULCC is fully realized. In this study, we propose a method of improving LULCC estimates for land surface modeling exercises. The method is driven by projectable socio-ecological geospatial predictors available seamlessly across sub-Saharan Africa and yielded continuous (annual) estimates of LULCC at 5 km  ×  5 km spatial resolution. The method was developed with 2252 sample area frames of 5 km  ×  5 km consisting of the proportion of several land cover types in Kenya over multiple years. Forty-three socio-ecological predictors were evaluated for model development. Machine learning was used for data reduction, and simple (functional) relationships defined by generalized additive models were constructed on a subset of the highest-ranked predictors (p ≤ 10) to estimate LULCC. The predictors explained 62 and 65 % of the variance in the proportion of agriculture and natural vegetation, respectively, but were less successful at estimating more descriptive land cover types. In each case, population density on an annual basis was the highest-ranked predictor. The approach was compared to a commonly used remote sensing classification procedure, given the wide use of such techniques for macroscale LULCC detection, and outperformed it for each land cover type. The approach was used to demonstrate significant trends in expanding (declining) agricultural (natural vegetation) land cover in Kenya from 1983 to 2012, with the largest increases (declines) occurring in densely populated high agricultural production zones. Future work should address the improvement (development) of existing (new) geospatial predictors and issues of model scalability and transferability.
A joint thermal and electromagnetic diagnostics approach for the inspection of thick walls
Authors: Le Touz Nicolas , Dumoulin Jean , Gennarelli Gianluca , Soldovieri Francesco
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In this study, we present an inversion approach to detect and localize inclusions in thick walls under natural solicitations. The approach is based on a preliminary analysis of surface temperature field evolution with time (for instance acquired by infrared thermography); subsequently, this analysis is improved by taking advantage of a priori information provided by ground-penetrating radar reconstruction of the structure under investigation. In this way, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the images achievable with the stand-alone thermal reconstruction method in the case of quasi-periodic natural excitation.
Half a degree additional warming, prognosis and projected impacts (HAPPI): background and experimental design
Authors: Mitchell Daniel , AchutaRao Krishna , Allen Myles , Bethke Ingo , Beyerle Urs , Ciavarella Andrew , Forster Piers M. , Fuglestvedt Jan , Gillett Nathan , Haustein Karsten , Ingram William , Iversen Trond , Kharin Viatcheslav , Klingaman Nicholas , Massey Neil , Fischer Erich , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Scinocca John , Seland Øyvind , Shiogama Hideo , Shuckburgh Emily , Sparrow Sarah , Stone Dáithí , Uhe Peter , Wallom David , Wehner Michael , Zaaboul Rashyd
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has accepted the invitation from the UNFCCC to provide a special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and on related global greenhouse-gas emission pathways. Many current experiments in, for example, the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP), are not specifically designed for informing this report. Here, we document the design of the half a degree additional warming, projections, prognosis and impacts (HAPPI) experiment. HAPPI provides a framework for the generation of climate data describing how the climate, and in particular extreme weather, might differ from the present day in worlds that are 1.5 and 2.0 °C warmer than pre-industrial conditions. Output from participating climate models includes variables frequently used by a range of impact models. The key challenge is to separate the impact of an additional approximately half degree of warming from uncertainty in climate model responses and internal climate variability that dominate CMIP-style experiments under low-emission scenarios.Large ensembles of simulations (>  50 members) of atmosphere-only models for three time slices are proposed, each a decade in length: the first being the most recent observed 10-year period (2006–2015), the second two being estimates of a similar decade but under 1.5 and 2 °C conditions a century in the future. We use the representative concentration pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6) to provide the model boundary conditions for the 1.5 °C scenario, and a weighted combination of RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 for the 2 °C scenario.
The BRIDGE HadCM3 family of climate models:
HadCM3@Bristol v1.0
Authors: Valdes Paul J. , Armstrong Edward , Badger Marcus P. S. , Bradshaw Catherine D. , Bragg Fran , Davies-Barnard Taraka , Day Jonathan J. , Farnsworth Alex , Hopcroft Peter O. , Kennedy Alan T. , Lord Natalie S. , Lunt Dan J. , Marzocchi Alice , Parry Louise M. , Roberts William H. G. , Stone Emma J. , Tourte Gregory J. L. , Williams Jonny H. T.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Understanding natural and anthropogenic climate change processes involves using computational models that represent the main components of the Earth system: the atmosphere, ocean, sea-ice and land surface. These models have become increasingly computationally expensive as resolution is increased and more complex process representations are included. However, to gain robust insight into how climate may respond to a given forcing, and to meaningfully quantify the associated uncertainty, it is often required to use either or both of ensemble approaches and very long integrations. For this reason, more computationally efficient models can be very valuable tools. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the suite of climate models based around the coupled general circulation model HadCM3. This model was originally developed at the UK Met Office and has been heavily used during the last 15 years for a range of future (and past) climate change studies but is now largely being replaced by more recent models. However, it continues to be extensively used by the BRIDGE (Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment) research group at the University of Bristol and elsewhere. Over time, adaptations have been made to the base HadCM3 model. These adaptations mean that the original documentation is not entirely representative, and several other configurations are in use which now differ from the originally described model versions. We therefore describe the key features of a number of configurations of the HadCM3 climate model family, including the atmosphere-only model (HadAM3), the coupled model with a low resolution ocean (HadCM3L), the high resolution atmosphere only model (HadAM3H), the regional model (HadRM3) and a fast coupled model (FAMOUS), which together make up HadCM3@Bristol version 1.0. These also include three versions of the land surface scheme. By comparing with observational datasets, we show that these models produce a good representation of many aspects of the climate system, including the land and sea surface temperatures, precipitation, ocean circulation and vegetation. This evaluation, combined with the relatively fast computational speed (up to 2000× faster than some CMIP6 models), motivates continued development and scientific use of the HadCM3 family of coupled climate models, particularly for quantifying uncertainty and for long multi-millennial scale simulations.
Continuum model of wave propagation in fragmented media: linear damping approximation
Authors: Khudyakov Maxim , Dyskin Arcady V. , Pasternak Elena
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Energy dissipation during wave propagation in fragmented geomaterials can be caused by independent movement of fragments leading to energy loss on their impact. By considering a pair of impacting fragments at times much greater than the period of their oscillations we show that at large time scale, the dynamics of the pair can be described by a linear viscous model with damping coefficient expressed through the restitution coefficient representing energy loss on impact. Wave propagation in fragmented geomaterials is also considered at the large time scale assuming that the wavelengths are much larger than the fragment sizes such that the attenuation associated with wave scattering on the fragment interfaces can be neglected. These assumptions lead to Kelvin-Voigt model of wave propagation, which allows the determination of dispersion relationship. As the attenuation and dispersion are not related to the rate dependence of rock deformation, but rather to the interaction of fragments the increasing damping and dispersion at low frequencies can be seen as an indication of fragmented nature of the geomaterial and the capacity of the fragments for independent movement.
Simultaneous disintegration of outlet glaciers in Porpoise Bay (Wilkes Land), East Antarctica, driven by sea ice break-up
Authors: Miles Bertie W. J. , Stokes Chris R. , Jamieson Stewart S. R.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The floating ice shelves and glacier tongues which fringe the Antarctic continent are important because they help buttress ice flow from the ice sheet interior. Dynamic feedbacks associated with glacier calving have the potential to reduce buttressing and subsequently increase ice flow into the ocean. However, there are few high temporal resolution studies on glacier calving, especially in East Antarctica. Here we use ENVISAT ASAR wide swath mode imagery to investigate monthly glacier terminus change across six marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Porpoise Bay (76° S, 128° E), Wilkes Land (East Antarctica), between November 2002 and March 2012. This reveals a large near-simultaneous calving event in January 2007, resulting in a total of  ∼  2900 km2 of ice being removed from glacier tongues. We also observe the start of a similar large near-simultaneous calving event in March 2016. Our observations suggest that both of these large calving events are driven by the break-up of the multi-year sea ice which usually occupies Porpoise Bay. However, these break-up events appear to have been driven by contrasting mechanisms. We link the 2007 sea ice break-up to atmospheric circulation anomalies in December 2005 weakening the multi-year sea ice through a combination of surface melt and a change in wind direction prior to its eventual break-up in January 2007. In contrast, the 2016 break-up event is linked to the terminus of Holmes (West) Glacier pushing the multi-year sea ice further into the open ocean, making the sea ice more vulnerable to break-up. In the context of predicted future warming and the sensitivity of sea ice to changes in climate, our results highlight the importance of interactions between landfast sea ice and glacier tongue stability in East Antarctica.
The Discourse of Fear in American TV Fiction: A Furedian Reading of Person of Interest
Authors: Fernández Morales Marta , Menéndez Menéndez María Isabel
Published: February 2017

Inserted in the ongoing discussion about the post-9/11 cultural archive, this paper analyzes the TV series Person of Interest (CBS, 2011–2016), created by Jonathan Nolan, through Frank Furedi’s theories about the discursive formation of fear as presented in his texts Politics of Fear. Beyond Left and Right (2005), Invitation to Terror. The Expanding Empire of the Unknown (2007), The Only Thing We Have to Fear Is the ‘Culture of Fear’ Itself (2007), and Precautionary Culture and the Rise of Possibilistic Risk Assessment (2009). We make these works converse with several American and European sociological views, offering a transnational perspective over the issues at hand. With an interdisciplinary approach and with a critical-cultural methodology supported by selected instances from the first four seasons of the show, we argue that, despite timid hints at a critique of the flawed American democracy, the show feeds into an ever-growing array of media proposals of a citizenship based on precaution, contributing to the reinforcement of the post-9/11 atmosphere of fear through a logic predicated on inevitability and a deflated sense of agency on the part of common people that discourages practices of resistance.
Shakespeare’s Knowledge of Imagination
Authors: Méndez Sigmund
Published: February 2017

In this essay, the various lines of Shakespeare that involve philosophical and “pre-scientific” notions about imagination are analysed, showing how often the technical knowledge and theoretical features of specialized issues underlie his words in a more diverse and sophisticated way than frequently supposed. Certainly, some of those ancient learned opinions on fantasy were previously assimilated into European and English poetic tradition that in turn are taken up and transfigured by the Bard. This matter has multiple facets and covers medical, philosophical, and theological speculations, and many passages in Shakespeare’s works display a plausible acquaintance with those concepts that are studied in this article: the problem of the organic location of imagination, its relations with the eyes and other organs (brain, heart, and liver) in psychophysiological processes, active fantasy’s ability to change one’s own body and another’s body, altered states of consciousness which were attributed to a physical disorder or a supernatural agency, the mental representation of the self and the other; also an analysis of Duke Theseus’s famous speech on the lover, the madman, and the poet is included, along with other references to the inner senses and the artistic creation. All these topics are presented to show the wide and subtle knowledge of this subject possessed by one of the finest imaginations in history.
Paperless Trade: Evaluation of the Current Situation & towards the Integrated Single Foreign Trade Document
Authors: Civelek Mustafa Emre , Seçkin Nedret
Published: February 2017

Electronic documents began to take the place of the paper documents that are being currently used in foreign trade. In this study, it is mentioned of topics such as what are electronic documents, how are they regulated and what tools are needed to have legal validity. It also covers the developments about examples of electronic documents and electronic process studies in the international field. It is expected that the number of documents used will decrease and also the complex payment methods will eliminate in the process of transition to electronic document use. As a result, it is recommended to use a single integrated foreign trade document in this study. In this way, it is predicted that foreign trade transactions can be executed through an online platform where all parties involved in foreign trade transactions will come together.
Reflexiones acerca de los discernimientos para el establecimiento del plazo razonable en el proceso penal
Authors: Torres Manrique Jorge Isaac
Published: February 2017

La institución jurídica como plazo razonable ha sido tema de deliberación y debate, ya sea con la finalidad de determinarlo, sintonizarlo o defenderlo como para salvaguardar los derechos de los procesados. Y es que el plazo razonable engloba una problemática particular, importante como trascendente, en sus diversas aristas y etapas del proceso, no solamente judicial. En la presente entrega, el autor desarrolla el análisis en relación a la necesaria evaluación de una de las novedades que, vía doctrina jurisprudencial, ofrece recientemente el Tribunal Constitucional peruano. En ese orden de ideas, dicho autor abraza de manera específica, un estudio y reflexión acerca de los criterios de análisis para la determinación del plazo razonable en el proceso penal peruano.