bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Optimum Coal Bottom Ash Content for Sustainable Concrete Infrastructure
Authors: Menda Samrawit , Poudel Sandip , Useldinger-Hoefs Joe , Dockter Bruce , Gedafa Daba
Published: May 2024

Coal bottom ash (CBA) is a byproduct of coal-burning power plants. This material can be used as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete to reduce global natural material depletion. Concrete usage is increasing rapidly; subsequently, the industry’s carbon footprint is increasing. Using CBA in the construction industry will reduce the technical and economic problems associated with power plants by reducing solid waste. This project aimed to determine if adding new sustainable materials, such as CBA, to concrete will reduce natural raw material usage, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions while improving performance. This study included two projects: comparing increased CBA content to the two-control project and determining the optimum content based on the compressive strength. The optimum CBA content is 50%, which reduces fine aggregate usage in a concrete mix by 50% while maintaining equivalent or better concrete strength than a pure Portland concrete mix without CBA. The air content of the concrete mix containing % CBA decreased with increased CBA content and compressive strength, possibly due to the spacing factor of the voids in the mix and CBA’s porous and fineness behavior. The CBA optimum content had a unit weight lower than the controls for both projects, which makes the CBA mix a lightweight concrete. Using this material can significantly reduce natural material usage and environmental harm by reducing CBA waste disposal and improving concrete performance.
The Ability of Artificial Transpiration Devices to Raise Water to Any Given Height and the Prospects of Creating Large Artificial Transpiration Systems as Sources of Clean Energy
Authors: Yakovenko Yury
Published: May 2024

Using the phenomenon of transpiration, plants are able to raise soil water to a height of about 100 meters. According to the Cohesion - Tension theory, water moves through the capillaries of plant along a gradient of negative water potential in a single unified flow along a single route from roots to leaves, entering on its way into living cells for their nutrition and evaporating into the atmosphere in significant amounts in the leaves. The paper shows that in a case of artificial transpiration devices (ATD), the flow of rising water can be divided into two streams - the transpiration stream and the passive water stream - and as a result, such devices become capable of raising water to any given height. As proof, the working variant of two-stream ATD is proposed. The development of this ATD was carried out in two stages, discussed in details in the paper. At the first, experimental stage, a physical model was designed and manufactured, in which the flow of rising water was divided into two streams moving along two independent routes. The first route is used exclusively for the purpose of transpiration of water - transporting it into an artificial evaporator for complete evaporation into the atmosphere. The second route is used exclusively to transport passive water using the energy obtained in the first route during the process of transpiration. During many hours of testing, the physical model demonstrated a stable ability to bring masses of passive water, maintaining normal atmospheric pressure in them, to a small height, even in the extreme case not exceeding 10 meters. At the second, analytical stage, this two-stream model was developed into a two-stream multi-stage model, capable of raising water to any given height by choosing the number of stages. The number of stages can be very large, and portions of water can be delivered to any given height, remaining under normal atmospheric pressure. The conclusion part of the paper discusses the prospects of creating on the basis of the developed two-stream ATDs large systems that can, using the phenomenon of transpiration, become a sources of clean energy, similar to how it is realized in the mass of plants.
A Stacking Ensemble Learning Approach for Financial Statement Fraud Detection
Authors: Mandadapu Purnachandra , Kazmi Rafaqat
Published: May 2024

Financial fraud poses a severe threat to the integrity of corporate financial statements and market efficiency. While auditors play a crucial role in detecting and preventing such fraud, the unique characteristics of this domain, including class imbalance, high misclassification costs, and am-biguous attributes, pose significant challenges. Traditional classification algorithms may not be optimally suited for this task. This paper proposes a novel stacking ensemble learning approach to enhanced detecting of Financial Statement Scam. By combining the strengths of multiple base learners, including Random Forest, XGBoost, and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees, our model leverages their diverse predictions to improve overall performance. A Logistic Regression me-ta-learner is employed to integrate the outputs of the base learners, capturing their collective wisdom while mitigating individual weaknesses. Extensive experimentation using a real-world dataset shown the superiority of our approach, achieving remarkable recall, precision, accuracy, and area under the curve metrics. The proposed model outperforms individual base learners, under-scoring the efficacy of ensemble learning in tackling the intricate problem of financial fraud detection. This research contributes to the creation of substantial and robust fraud detection systems, fostering trust and transparency in financial markets.
Comprehensive Effect of Psychological Emotions and Academic Performance on Music Education: Based on Nonlinear Model
Authors: Peng Lingxu , Fang Xiangkun , Guo Longchuan , Tian Cong
Published: May 2024

This research aims to explore factors that influence sustainable music learning system from psychological perspective, and innovatively constructs a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. For first time, combines nonlinear system and identifies relevant factors affecting music learning by establishing data system for questionnaire answering and a quantitative model for actual academic performance. Existing research mainly looks at several factors that affect fragmented music learning system from perspective of teachers' teaching rules, emphasizing phased teaching state and learning goals of teachers as main body, thus ignoring music learning students, who are a large group of music learning objects. The research fills gap in this type of research object, focusing on sustainable music learning system from emotional perspective and students who occupy a dominant position in music learning, so as to more accurately explore impact of their emotional influencing factors on music learning system. The most prominent innovation of this study lies in construction of stochastic nonlinear system for psychological influencing factors of student music learning and a quantitative model for actual learning effect. Through analysis of nonlinear system, weight values of several negative emotions on music learning system are obtained. The comprehensive impact of emotional factors and practical learning on music learning system can be obtained by weighting them together.
  Is Workforce Agility a Good Coping Strategy to Deal with the COVID-19 Crisis: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Almahamid Soud
Published: May 2024

Aim: This study aimed to understand the role of workforce agility as a coping strategy to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The study reviewed and integrated two lines of literature to develop a theoretical framework to help business organizations to respond, adapt, and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Results: The results showed that there are several commonalities between the workforce agility literature and the crisis management literature, mostly manifested in the speed of responding to uncertain and unpredictable, adverse events in the business environment. A thorough review of key themes in both kinds of literature led to developing a theoretical framework that links crisis drivers, crisis enablers, crisis capabilities, and response strategy. Workforce agility can be used as a coping strategy to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Both kinds of literature evolve to respond to any crisis; the crisis management literature focuses on Meso-level (organizational level) or collective actions to mitigate the crisis, while the workforce agility literature focuses on the Micro-level (individual level). However, the successful response to any crisis requires the synergy of both actions. Future Studies: The results of this research are of prime importance for both researchers and practitioners. Researchers can use the theoretical framework as a baseline for building empirical research design. The current study also sets the context for future researchers who are interested in workforce agility to test the validity of agile work behaviors in real adverse context. It also opens a new stream of debate by deconstructing understudied links between workforce agility, resilience, and crisis management. Mangerial implication: For practitioners to ensure a successful response to any impending crisis, they must develop their employees’ agile behaviors. Practitioners can also redesign their recruitment strategy to select the right individuals with the right agile attributes, abilities, and behaviors to easily alter their behaviors according to the progressing crisis phases. Finally, practitioners can design continual learning interventions to include required agile skills and competencies to prepare their employees for future crises.
Development science modules interactive of shared type to increase reading interest and concept understanding
Authors: Permata Sari Feby , Jumadi Jumadi , Maryati Maryati , Fahlevi Aditya , Novia Dewi Arina
Published: May 2024

This research and development aims to produce shared-type interactive e-modules on energy sub-materials and energy sources. The e-module development model uses ADDIE by integrating energy transformation materials, energy applications in living things, as well as energy source-forming compounds. In field trials, using a type of pre-experiment research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. This research was carried out at SMPIT Bakti Insani class VII with saturated sampling technique. The data collection technique uses essay questions to find out the results of understanding the concept and a likert scale questionnaire to find out the results of reading interest. The data analysis technique uses a paired T test with the aim of seeing the significance of the e-module to reading interest and concept understanding and the n gain test to see an increase in the value of reading interest and concept understanding. Based on theoretical feasibility tests by experts, an average of 40.4 with excellent categories and empirical feasibility tests by students were 63.75 with excellent categories. Based on the development and research, it can be concluded that 1) the shared type interactive science e-module product is feasible to use with an excellent category; 2) the shared type interactive science e-module affects the interest in reading and understanding concepts with a significance of 0.000; 3) the shared-type interactive science e-module is able to increase reading interest by 0.52 with medium category and increase understanding of concepts 0.81 with high category.
Critical study of the concept of scientific hybridization of islamic education and neuroscience
Authors: Hidayat Kun , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: May 2024

Critical study of Islamic Education Neuroscience is still not sufficiently carried out in accounting for its knowledge, in order to confirm and fill in gaps in its scientific development. The purpose of this study is to examine the various scientific varieties of Islamic Education Neuroscience using the epistemology of Islamic Education, in order to find, fill, and develop their scientific potential, also from the perspective of developing hybridization of other Islamic Education scholarships. The method used in this study uses a qualitative type of literature according to Creswell: 2015, meaning that it is processed from various kinds of analytical theory from various sources of literature. The results of the study show that Islamic Education Neuroscience in epistemology also refers to Islamic law. Epistemologically, Irfani refers to the background of the scientific dichotomy between neuroscience, education, and Islam. Epistemologically, Burhani refers to empirical facts about the importance of collaboration between Islamic educators and neurologists in designing curricula and learning that optimizes students' brains in achieving Islamic education goals. Referring to the hybridization of other disciplines such as anthropology and psychology of Islamic education, this scientific development can further deepen the derivatives and clusters knowledge and more adapted to the needs of students.
Improving critical thinking and metacognitive skills through the discovery learning model assisted by practicum for high school students
Authors: Pratama Aditya , Sari Tasya Novian Indah , Istiqomah Nurul , Widiyanti Eka Riana , Kusniati Yen
Published: May 2024

Metacognitive abilities and critical thinking support the success of learning biology, so these skills need to be empowered. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the practicum-based discovery learning model to improve critical and metacognitive thinking skills in digestive system material. The research method is a quasi-experimental research with a one-grub pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted from November to December 2022 at SMA Negeri 9. The research was carried out from November to December 2022 at one of the high schools in Mataram City. The research population was 98 students of class XI Science. The research sampling technique is a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used a test technique, namely 9 critical thinking essay questions and MAI. The instruments used in this study were the ability to think critically about the digestive system with several questions and the MAI instrument. The data analysis technique uses inferential statistics using the Paired Sample T-Test Assisted by SPSS IBM 27 software. The results of the study show that with an alpha of 5%, the practicum-based discovery learning model is effective for increasing critical thinking skills and metacognitive abilities. The average pre-test of critical thinking skills on the digestive system material was 54.0333 and the post-test was 75.8667. While the average pre-test of metacognitive abilities is 73.37 and the post-test of metacognitive abilities is 76.93 The application of the practicum-based discovery learning model effectively improves students' critical thinking and metacognitive skills with an alpha significance level of 5%.
Student’s knowledge on primates: Long-tailed macaque educonservation efforts through primatology course
Authors: Budianto Azzah Kania , Alaydrus Sayf Muhammad , Miftakhurahma Rizki , Artaria Myrtati Dyah
Published: May 2024

Within 15 years, the population of Macaca fascicularis has declined rapidly. In early 2022, the IUCN Red List classified them as “Endangered”, though they were considered a species of “Least Concern” in 2008. Land alteration, illegal hunting, and human-macaque conflict often halt long-tailed macaque conservation efforts. Through the Primatology course, anthropology students are taught the importance of macaque conservation and its complications. This preliminary study aims to reveal anthropology students’ knowledge regarding the long-tailed macaque’s status quo and its conservation efforts, pre- and post- their enrolment in the course. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 10 consenting informants—active undergraduate anthropology students. After the transcription process, the data was analyzed by dividing it into multiple subchapters and reviewed with existing literature. More than half of the informants’ knowledge about Macaca fascicularis and primates, in general, is quite satisfactory, though they are still unaware of their current conservation status. According to the informants, cultural and religious factors are closely related to long-tailed macaque conservation, shown in Balinese Hindu temples, Javanese wayang, and topeng monyet. The study concluded that primatology is important because it raises awareness about human’s closest relatives, their ecological significance, and their conservation measures. Adoption or adaptation of the ethnoprimatological framework in biology education as a means of sociocultural exploration and primate conservation is highly recommended. Further research on ethnoprimatology in Indonesia is much needed since Indonesia has many cultural values that might assure the people about contemporary conservation efforts
Metacognitive self regulation integrated with science technology society to improving problem solving ability in microbiology courses
Authors: Erlin Euis , Rahmat Adi , Purwianingsih Widi
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to improve students’ problem-solving ability and metacognitive self-regulation (MSR) by applying science technology society (STS) learning model integrated with metacognitive self-regulation. The participants were 13 students from Department of Biology Education who took microbiology courses. A quasi-experimental method with one-group pre and posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected through pre and posttest with eight open ended questions to measure students’ problem-solving ability on four microbiology topics (food, pathogen, waste and water microbiology). These topics were studied sequentially in two months. The instrument used to measure MSR is a questionnaire with open-ended questions. This questionnaire was developed based on three aspects of MSR namely, planning, monitoring and evaluation. MSR questionnaire was administered to students at the end of each topic. The N-gain test was used to analyze the improvement of students' problem-solving ability on each topic. The average score of all aspects in MSR questionnaire was used to explore students’ metacognitive self-regulation. The correlation between MSR and problem-solving ability was analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results revealed that the N gain score of problem-solving ability was increased from 0.56 in the first topic to 0.7 in the next three topics. The average of MSR score also increased from 66.15 in the first topic to 87.23 in fourth topic. There was a positive correlation between students’ MSR and problem-solving ability. These results indicated that application of Science Technology Society integrated with MSR is an effective strategy in improving students’ problem-solving ability and MSR. The implementation of this research is to develop a lecture program as an effort to improve the learning process
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Vietnam’da Karşılıklı Coğrafya Anlayışları [XVII.-XIX. Yüzyıllar]
Authors: Lu Vi An
Published: May 2024

Osmanlıların Vietnam hakkındaki en eski bilgileri, XVII. yüzyılda evrensel kozmografi üzerine yazılmış coğrafi kayıtlardan gelmektedir. “Cihannümâ”, “Levâmi’u’n-Nûr fî Zulmet-i Atlas Minor” ve “Nusretü’l-İslâm ve’s-sürûr fî tahrîri Atlas Mayor” gibi eserler, bu bilgilere örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu coğrafi kayıtlarda, Tonkin, Annam, Koşinçin ve Foçin Çina olarak anılan bölgelerle ilgili notlar oldukça kısaydı. Oysa Vietnamlıların Türkiye ve Türkler hakkında sahip oldukları en eski bilgiler, “Tây hành nhật ký” ve “Như Tây ký” adlı eserlerde yer almaktadır. Bu coğrafi kayıtlar, Nguyen Hanedanlığı’nın 1863-1864 yılları arasında Fransa ve İspanya’ya gönderilen diplomatik misyonu tarafından derlenmiştir. Bu kayıtlarda Türkiye, “Tu-du-ky” veya “Tu-du-cô” olarak telaffuz edilmekteydi. Tarihi coğrafyaya yaklaşan ve tarihi kaynaklarla birlikte coğrafi kayıtlardan yararlanan bu makale, XVII. ve XIX. yüzyıllar arasında Osmanlılar ile Vietnamlılar arasında paylaşılan ortak coğrafi bilgileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Global Inquiry Reveals PBL's Impact on Junior High Ecoliteracy
Authors: Amelia Dita , Wulandari Fitria Eka
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on the ecoliteracy abilities of grade VII junior high school students compared to conventional lecture-based instruction. Conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Krian, the quasi-experimental research involved 40 students divided into experimental and control groups. Pre-test and post-test assessments using ecoliteracy indicators were conducted. Results from T-tests showed no significant difference in ecoliteracy abilities between the two groups (experimental group: p = 0.090, control group: p = 0.270), suggesting that PBL did not significantly improve ecoliteracy skills among grade VII students. These findings underscore the need for further exploration of instructional methods to enhance ecoliteracy in junior high school settings.   Highlight: PBL's Effect on Ecoliteracy: Assessing PBL's impact on junior high ecoliteracy. Quasi-Experimental Design: Non-equivalent control group method in research design. Call for Further Research: Identifying effective environmental education strategies.   Keyword: Problem-Based Learning, Ecoliteracy, Junior High School, Quasi-Experimental Research, Environmental Education
Berbagi Foto Digital: Motif, Faktor Kepribadian, dan Komunikasi Termediasi
Authors: Hidayanto Syahrul , Zahra Fina
Published: May 2024

Media sosial saat ini menjadi platform berbagi foto digital yang diminati mayoritas pengguna internet di dunia. Tujuan diciptakannya media sosial adalah mulai dari sarana komunikasi hingga menjadi wadah untuk berbagi foto. Di media sosial, berbagi foto digital dianggap lebih efektif dalam mengekspresikan diri pengguna dibanding berbagi status lewat teks. Daya tangkap audiens media sosial lebih cepat ketika informasi disampaikan melalui foto digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana motivasi pengguna membagikan foto digitalnya di media sosial dan faktor kepribadian yang melatar belakanginya. Berdasarkan kajian literatur, masih jarang dijumpai penelitian yang menghubungkan motivasi berbagi foto digital dengan kepribadian pengguna media sosial. Total empat informan terpilih setelah melalui proses pencarian dan seleksi berdasarkan kriteria. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode pengumpulan data yaitu obeservasi tidak langsung, wawancara semi terstruktur, dan studi literatur. Data penelitian yang sudah terkumpul kemudian diberikan kode dengan tiga tahapan pengkodean yaitu open, axial, dan selective coding. Data hasil pengkodean selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, motivasi memori, ekspresi diri, dan pemeliharaan hubungan adalah tiga motivasi teratas seseorang berbagi foto digitalnya di media sosial. Temuan lainnya adalah seseorang yang melakukan aktivitas berbagi foto digital biasanya memiliki karakteristik kepribadian extraversion, openness to experience, dan agreeableness dengan derajat yang cukup tinggi.
Decoding the Digital Revolution Critical Success Factors for Digitization in The Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Ziadat Wael , Kirkham Richard
Published: May 2024

The dawn of the digital era has brought about a paradigm shift across various industrial sectors, with the Oil and Gas industry being no exception. The rapid progression of technology offers transformative potential to this traditionally capital-intensive industry. This paper delves into the heart of this digital revolution, exploring the critical success factors that drive the successful digitization of the Oil and Gas industry. Advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain are currently reshaping this industry's contours. We will mainly focus on leveraging these technologies to improve operational efficiency, enhance safety measures, reduce environmental impact, and ultimately drive profitability in the Oil and Gas sector.

However, the journey towards comprehensive digitization is fraught with challenges. From data security issues to the need for significant investments and workforce upskilling, there are numerous hurdles that need to be addressed. Hence, we will also shed light on these potential roadblocks and propose viable strategies to overcome them.

This paper aims to provide a roadmap for navigating the digitization journey effectively and efficiently by decoding the digital revolution in the Oil and Gas industry. Through an in-depth analysis of the critical success factors for digitization, we hope to offer valuable insights that can fuel the industry's transition towards a more sustainable and profitable future.
Optimizing Surfactant Additives and Nanosheet to Increase Oil Recovery in High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs
Authors: Cao D. , Alotaibi M. , Huang T. , Fahmi M.
Published: May 2024

Amphiphilic molybdenum disulfide (AMD) nanosheet is a novel flake type nanomaterial with unique behaviors on oil/water interfaces compared with particulate nanomaterials for increasing oil production. Surfactant additives are the key enabler for the nanosheet injection to solve the compatibility problem in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs. This study optimized some surfactant additives for the nanosheet to demonstrate some synergism effects at target reservoir conditions. Nanosheet/surfactant candidates with similar interfacial tension (IFT) performance but different emulsification abilities were compared.

Original AMD nanosheet solution was a concentrated black liquid with the flake size about 80*60*1.2 nanometer (nm). The performances in a high salinity water (HSW) and high temperature up to 95°C were characterized by compatibility test, IFT measurement, and emulsification evaluation. The dynamic adsorption and oil production potential in porous media were evaluated by coreflooding tests. Indiana limestones with similar permeability were used. Performances of the nanosheet with different surfactant additives were evaluated.

The AMD nanosheet was not compatible with HSW at 95°C. Two surfactants, named as S1 and S2, out of 20 samples showed significant compatibility improvements to nanosheet solution at a very low dosage concentration. IFTs of two nanosheet/surfactant mixtures with a light oil were both at magnitude of 10-2 mN/m, which were much lower than the values of nanosheet alone and surfactant alone. However, the emulsification abilities of the two nanosheet/surfactant systems with crude oil were quite different. S1 surfactant improved the emulsification ability of nanosheet, while S2 surfactant weakened the emulsion stability compared with nanosheet alone case. Accordingly, nanosheet/surfactant S1 injection produced a long-lasted emulsified oil and nanosheet/surfactant S2 injection formed a large oil bank at early stage in the oil displacement tests. But the ultimate oil recoveries of the two systems were almost the same.

This study provides some insights of interaction between AMD nanosheet and surfactants and its effect on oil production performance. Improved nanosheet systems were developed to increase oil production under harsh conditions.
Harnessing Ensemble Learning Techniques for Accurate Interfacial Tension Estimation in Aqueous CO2 Systems
Authors: Nsiah Turkson Joshua , Aslam Md Yusof Muhammad , Fjelde Ingebret , Adams Sokama-Neuyam Yen , Darkwah-Owusu Victor , Nii Tackie-Otoo Bennet
Published: May 2024

The interfacial tension (IFT) of aqueous CO2 systems plays a critical role in determining CO2 capillary entry pressure, maximum CO2 storage height, and subsurface storage capacity. Conventional methods for measuring IFT are time-consuming and resource-intensive. This study therefore explores the application of ensemble learning techniques: Gradient Boosting (GradBoost) and Light Gradient-boosting Machine (LightGBM), to predict the IFT of aqueous CO2 systems. A comprehensive dataset of 1570 IFT data points, encompassing six features: pressure (0.1–69.51 MPa), temperature (5.2–196.25℃), monovalent and divalent cation molality (0–5 mol/kg), and methane and nitrogen mole fractions (0–80 mol.%), was compiled from the literature. The data was preprocessed and divided into 70%, 15%, and 15% subsets for model training, testing, and validation. Model performance was optimized through regularization and hyperparameter tuning. Statistical metrics and visualizations were employed for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the models. The Leverage approach was used to identify potential outliers and ensure model reliability. Sensitivity analysis and feature importance were assessed using permutation importance and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). GradBoost and LightGBM exhibited remarkable performance, achieving a coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.98, root mean square error (RMSE) below 2.00 mN/m, mean absolute error (MAE) lower than 1.2 mN/m, and average absolute percentage relative error (AAPRE) less than 1.5% for all data groups. GradBoost surpassed LightGBM in terms of accuracy (higher R2 of 0.99), precision (lower MAE of 0.87 mN/m), consistency (lower RMSE of 1.23 mN/m), and complexity (lower AIC of 53). Furthermore, GradBoost outperformed a committee machine intelligent system, a group method of data handling model, and other robust ensemble models such as random forest and adaptive boosting. Permutation importance and AIC revealed that pressure and monovalent cation molality were the least and most influential features on IFT prediction. Additionally, excluding any of the six input features significantly reduced model performance, with AIC increasing by 6 and 9 folds without temperature and pressure data, respectively. The Leverage approach confirmed the statistical validity and reliability of the GradBoost model, identifying only 3% of the total data points as potential outliers. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ensemble learning techniques in capturing the complex relationships between variables that govern the IFT of aqueous CO2 systems. The constructed ML models offer a rapid and reliable alternative to conventional methods for IFT evaluation, speeding up workflows, and reducing experimental uncertainties. These advancements hold promise for optimizing CO2 storage strategies and enhancing subsurface CO2 storage capacity.
Numerical Simulation on the Influence of Natural Fractures on the Productivity of Parent and Child Wells Considering Frac Hits
Authors: Liang Yanbo , Cheng Yuanfang , Han Zhongying , Yan Chuanliang
Published: May 2024

The commercial extraction of shale gas has led to frequent fracture hits, significantly affecting the ultimate recovery rate of the reservoirs. The objective is to analyze how natural fractures impact the production of parent and child wells considering fracture hits through a more comprehensive fluid-solid coupling productivity model, providing a reference for adjusting construction parameters during the production process.

Firstly, a multi-scale quadruple-medium model considering organic matter, inorganic matter, natural fractures, and artificial fractures is established based on the theory of poroelasticity and fluid-solid coupling. This model integrates shale gas multiple flow regimes, gas adsorption/desorption, and stress sensitivity. The COMSOL is utilized to numerically solve the model and its accuracy is verified with field production data. Subsequently, a dual-well numerical model is established to analyze how the characteristics of natural fractures, including length, aperture, density, roughness, and dominant orientation, impact the productivity of parent and child wells during shale gas development.

In scenarios involving frac hits, the production rate of the parent well initially experiences a temporary increase followed by a decline, which is higher than in scenarios without frac hits. Over time, however, the production rates under both conditions-frac hits and no frac hits-tend to converge. In the early stage of child well production, due to frac hits, its rate is lower than the production rate of the parent well, and the cumulative production decreases. The length, density, and aperture of natural fractures are positively correlated with the degree of interference, while the dip and roughness of natural fractures are negatively correlated with the degree of interference. The impact of natural fracture occurrence on the degree of interwell interference is ranked as density>length>dip>opening>roughness. Among them, the impact of natural fracture roughness on production is minimal. When the roughness coefficient changes by 20%, the change rate of production in the parent and child well are only 0.003%, which can be basically ignored.

A more comprehensive and accurate quadruple-medium fluid-solid coupling productivity model for shale reservoir is establised. The effect laws of natural fracture occurrences on the productivity variation of parent and child wells considering fracture hits are analyzed. The research findings can guide the prediction of shale gas productivity and the dynamic adjustment of production parameters.
Joint-Domain Full Waveform Inversion and Its Applications to Ultra-Shallow Water OBN Data
Authors: Yang Y. , Yin H. , Duan L. , Lyu Xiaolin , Zhang Yu , Han Weishan , Song Jiawen , Khdhaouria Mourad
Published: May 2024

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is nowadays commonly used for high-resolution velocity model building. Conventional FWI with least-squares objective function often suffers from cycle-skipping problem. This issue becomes prominent in subsurface structures with high complexity, significant deviations between the initial and true models, or a lack of low-frequency content in the data. To address the cycle-skipping problem, we present a novel Joint-Domain Full Waveform Inversion (JDFWI) framework optimizing travel time accuracy in both data and model domains. The model domain uses delay time common image gathers (DTCIGs) for travel time measurement. In the data domain, travel time misfit is extracted without amplitude information. Thus, integrating a time-lag-based misfit function efficiently overcomes the cycle-skipping problem. We first validated our JDFWI with a controlled synthetic test and then applied our proposed JDFWI workflow to a challenging ultra-shallow water ocean-bottom node (OBN) dataset from the South Caspian Basin. While conventional FWI suffers from cycle-skipping problem, JDFWI delivers high-resolution and accurate velocity models.
Case Study: Innovative Applications of Friction Reduction Tools to Solve Drilling Problems in Tough Environment Multilateral Wells
Authors: Silva Paul , Hammad Abdullah , Khurshid Imran , Elimam Hossam , Ruzhnikov Alexey , El-Toum Ahmed , Al Saihati Mohammad , Al-Khalifah Ahmed
Published: May 2024

In an onshore field, horizontal wells are drilled in a complex geological environment. Starting from the fact the surface formations are very unstable, a casing design strategy has been put in place to isolate the easily collapsible formations away from Aquifers and highly water-sensitive shales. In addition to the formation characteristics, multiple loss zones are present not only in the top holes but also in the reservoir section. The fluid column hydrostatic support while drilling is lost, which ends up in exhaustive non-productive time stuck pipe situations. The objective of the study is to systematically propose and describe the engineering strategy, which resulted in a safe and flawless recovery from stuck pipe scenarios taking advantage of friction reduction tools.

This study evaluates the experiences while implementing innovative applications of friction reduction tools to solve drilling problems in these tough environments in multilateral wells – the "out of the box" mindset. After a project evaluation using statistical methods, the main problems identified for this application are summarized into how to increase the probability of freeing stuck pipes in top sections with innovative tools.

The detailed strategy and implementation have been divided into sections to tackle the main problem and the different engineering analysis, risk evaluation, prevention, and mitigation measures. After engineering analysis was performed, the continuous vibration friction reducer tools were installed at the surface in one of the wells with a severe stuck pipe event that lasted over 2 days with zero progress. After 17 hours of the instillation of the continuous vibration friction reducer tools working together carefully with the planned pills strategy stuck pipe was released in record time compared with other events in the area resulting in the avoidance of cutting string and sidetracking the wellbore, saving the cost of the drill string, operational time following the fishing economics.

The paper provides proper technical steps and details to be replicated in similar situations, such as case studies where the stuck pipe needs an unconventional way of treatment.
Successful Cement Job Execution Through Real Time Pressure Match and Control of Equivalent Circulating Density in Losses and Narrow Pressure Margins – A Pakistan Case Study
Authors: Fazal Muhammad Adnan , Tashfeen Muhammad , Rashid Muhammad , Malik Asad Ali , Jan Usman Ahmed , Hussain Abdul , ul Haq Rizwan
Published: May 2024

Cementing the section/casing without inducing losses has always been challenging in narrow margins of allowable equivalent circulating density (ECD) from fracture gradient. The losses are caused by exceeding the ECD limit. Exceeding the limit results in annulus integrity issues and a leaking casing shoe that leads to sustained casing pressure. When this happens, it requires extensive remedial planning. The conventional and current loss cure tool is addition of loss control fibers, and we must manage the pump rates in pre-job planning. But there is no control or monitoring of the ECDs during the job. Historically, for similar cementing jobs, decisions for future improvement are made only after post-mortem analyses, i.e., remediation plans are formulated for future operations based on what previously went wrong. Significant time is spent on deliberating over several indirect factors that may or may not have affected job outcomes. With the recent emphasis on performance, digitalization, and sustainability, the operator must identify a workable solution based on real-time parameters.

A real-time measurement and simulation solution that addresses the previously listed challenges was deployed to monitor and control a challenging 13 3/8-in. casing cement job in a remote well with extreme health, safety, and environment (HSE) risk. In this well, the permitted ECD margin from mud weight was only 1.3 ppg. A formation integrity test was performed at 15.9 ppg using 12.5-ppg mud. However, because of wellbore stability issues, mud weight was increased to 15.6 ppg, leaving behind a narrow margin of permitted ECD from fracture limit (set at 16.9 ppg based upon offset well data). Accordingly, spacer and cementing fluids were designed to keep the ECD within the fracture limit to avoid losses.

The job was monitored in real time for pumping pressure and calculating downhole ECDs in comparison with planned values. While working remotely, it enabled the customer to make real-time decisions on pumping rate to keep the ECD in check. The job was successfully pumped without any losses and the final ECD was kept within the 16.9-ppg limit.

The monitor/simulation software application enables users to monitor, compare, and evaluate cement job acquisition data with dynamic simulations generated in real time. Customers and experts can monitor the job remotely, diagnose abnormal events, and propose solutions in a timely manner, providing interpretation and support throughout the job execution. The solution eliminates the need to travel to the rig for cement job monitoring, saving staff hours and contributing toward sustainability. It remotely monitors cement jobs, decreases travel time, and decreases the time needed to make decisions, while also assuring preestablished job objectives are met.
Holistic Approach to Overcome High Temperature Challenges by Drilling the Deepest Wells in Colombia
Authors: Marino C. , Campos N. , Jaramillo L. , Cardona J. , Paulin A. , Ariza A. , Bustos C. , Barnett K. , Botero J. , Schadid H. , Perez P. , Munoz J.
Published: May 2024

This study presents the challenges and success of drilling in the Colombia's northeastern fields, where static temperatures reach approximately 315°F. The objective was to complete the drilling operations within a time frame of 85 days, across four distinct sections, using a specialized downhole tool qualified for high temperatures. These tools were not just standard equipment; they underwent local qualification to verify their operation at high temperatures. Strategic bottomhole assembly (BHA) design, aided by simulation, ensured drilling stability. Post-drilling analysis using data analytics improved operational efficiency and progression rates.

The initial well, Well 1, achieved a depth of 22,350 ft measured depth (MD) (22,058 ft true vertical depth, TVD), which is the deepest well in Colombia's onshore drilling history. Subsequent drilling operations, particularly in Well 2, demonstrated notable operational efficiencies. One of the key successes of this project has been the improvement in tool reliability and the optimization of resources. The incidence of BHA failures decreases to zero events, attributed to more stable drilling dynamics. A critical component in managing the high temperatures was a mud cooling strategy, which reduced the downhole temperature by approximately 14°F on average (with a maximum reduction of 20°F) at the surface. This study offers a benchmark addressing the engineering complexity of high-temperature and deep wells, enhancing tool reliability under harsh conditions, leveraging a calibrated temperature model, the efficiency of mud cooling procedures, and the application of data analytics to enhance BHA design and execution.
Dragon Oil's Behavioral Based Safety Process Be Observed, Be Aware, Be Safe (BOAS)
Authors: Gazakbayeva Aygul , Raval Kalpeshkumar
Published: May 2024

BAPP (Behavioral Accident Prevention Process) technology gives us the mechanism to measure and address At-risk actions before these behaviors result in injuries. Observation and feedback identifies multiple causes for the At-risk behaviors. Some of these issues are addressed immediately while other issues are best addressed by a group of individuals in a facilitated problem-solving session.

Observers are the foundation of the process as they are responsible for recording accurate information about the specific behaviors that are performed safely and At-risk daily. Observers provide a soon, certain and positive consequence to their co-workers as they recognize the safe behaviors that have been made and identify the reasons for any At-risk behaviors that occur. It is critical that Observers accurately identify the specific barriers that prevent their co-workers from working safely and record this information so that the data can be reviewed and the issues addressed in problem solving sessions.

Action Plan leaders play a crucial role in the BAPP approach. Action Plan leaders typically lead groups of employees through the action planning process, using observation data.
Fit-for-Purpose Approach in Selecting Logging-While-Drilling Technologies—Key Enabler for Productive Horizontal Well Drilling: Case Studies Based on Experience in the Caspian Region
Authors: Ospanov D. , Nevzorov R. , Mukanov Y. , Chzhen I.
Published: May 2024

The number of horizontal wells is increasing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A clear understanding is needed to select the right tools that will enable us to drill horizontal wells with high efficiency. The optimum bottomhole assembly (BHA) and geosteering strategy considering the specifics of the target horizon, and economical and geological goals are integral parts of horizontal well planning. In this paper we highlight the relevant experience needed to select logging-while-drilling (LWD) technologies and geosteering strategy design. This experience was gained during a successful collaboration between SLB and JSC Embamunaigas (the Operator), which in recent years turned the Operator's vector of drilling from vertical to horizontal, as 16 out of 34 underdevelopment oilfield assets undergo implementation of horizontal wells.
Drilling Data Based Approach for Real-Time Rate of Penetration Prediction for Motorized Bottom Hole Assembly Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Youssef Amir Shokry , Gowida Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Ibrahim Ahmed Farid , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez
Published: May 2024

Predicting and optimizing the drilling rate of penetration (ROP) poses a significant challenge due to its dependence on various factors, prompting increased attention towards achieving precise ROP estimations given its direct influence on overall drilling expenses. Among the factors influencing ROP, the driving mechanism of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) plays a pivotal role. Motorized BHAs offer versatile applications beyond directional drilling, including optimization of ROP and mitigation of downhole vibration. While several models have been proposed to forecast ROP for rotary and rotary steerable system BHAs, limited attention has been directed towards motorized BHAs. In this study, a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based model employing gradient boosting regression (GBR) was developed to predict ROP for motorized BHAs, leveraging surface drilling parameters, mud characteristics, and motor output features. The dataset used for model training, validation, and testing was sourced from six wells spanning two adjacent fields in the Egyptian Western Desert, comprising over 5,800 data points. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) served as an evaluation metric for prediction accuracy, while the correlation coefficient (R) quantified the extent of agreement between real and predicted ROP values. Results demonstrated that the GBR model accurately estimated ROP for motorized BHAs, exhibiting a high correlation (R of 0.95) between predicted and real values. The GBR-based model consistently performed well without exhibiting underfitting or overfitting issues. Furthermore, the developed model enables exploration of the impact of different drilling parameters on motorized BHA ROP, thereby facilitating ROP optimization, reduction of open hole exposure duration, and overall drilling cost minimization.
WITHDRAWN: Hybrid Architecture for Secure Data Communication Within the Private Cloud
Authors: Naeem Awad Bin , Senapati Biswaranjan , Sudman Md. Sakiul Islam , Abdel-Rehim Wael M. F.
Published: May 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.