bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing Interest in Learning Mathematics with the Make-A-Match Learning Model for Class II Students at Al-Azhar Gampengrejo Islamic Elementary School
Authors: Amalia Diana , Khoiruddin M Arif
Published: June 2023

Mathematics has an important role in life, especially in the development of technology and science. Given the importance of mathematics, this subject is taught in schools, starting from early childhood education to high school, including in tertiary institutions. For some students, mathematics at school is a subject that is considered arduous and frightening. The teacher's role is important and necessary to increase students' interest in learning, especially in mathematics. Teachers are required to be precise in using effective models and being able to influence students to actively participate in the learning process to the fullest and increase their learning outcomes. This study aims to increase students' interest in learning with the Make a Match learning model which focuses on students interacting and collaborating in developing their knowledge through the concept of playing while learning. The method used in this study uses classroom action research. Starting from planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The use of make-a-match in mathematics with the mathematics of division, and multiplication with numbers, as well as the introduction of flat shapes and their results can increase student learning interest by 88.8% from previously only 58.8% by using lectures.
Strategi Komunikasi Radio Kharisma 95,6 FM Bengkulu Utara Dalam Meningkatkan eksistensi Sebagai Lembaga Penyiaran Publik Lokal Melalui Program Siaran “Sapa Pagi”
Authors: Aji Muhammad Rama , Supriyadi Dedy , Budiman Dwi Aji
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif deskriptif dan pengumpulan data yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, serta mencari referensi melalui buku, jurnal, skripsi dan artikel yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan teknik analisis data melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Ekologi Media, dengan mengikuti pernyataan dari Dimmick dan Rohtenbuhler, yaitu ada tiga sumber utama dari penunjang hidup suatu media, yaitu types of content, types of audience, dan capital. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa LPPL Radio Kharisma 95.6 FM Bengkulu Utara telah melakukan upaya dan memiliki strategi tersendiri yang telah mencakup 3 sumber media dalam bertahan hidup, yaitu memanfaatkan ruang komuikasi sebagai pengumpulan ide pendapat dengan semua pihak radio, kemudian menerapkan tekhnik komunikasi yaitu memperhatikan tempo dan intonasi, dan memanfaatkan dengan maksimal sumber dana operasional utama yaitu APBD lalu mengikut sertakan semua crew radio untuk mengikuti pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kualitas SDM.

Kata Kunci: Strategi Komunikasi, Radio, LPPL, Ekologi Media
Pengalaman Perempuan Setelah Perselingkuhan Pasangan, bertahan atau berpisah ?
Authors: - Indria , Anis Endang Anis Endang
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of woman after their partner’s infidelity, whether to stay or choose to separate. This study uses a qualitative methode with a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through semi-structured in-dept interviews and informants in this study were selected through purposive techniques based on considerations of suitability with the problem and research abjectives. The informants in this study amounted to two women who were the research subjects with the problem of husband’s infidelity. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that in the end the experience of woman who experience infidelity with their partners will shoose to end their housedhold or choosed to separate.

Keywords: Woman, infidelity, endure, separate.
Klasifikasi Sentimen Masyarakat di Twitter terhadap Kenaikan Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak dengan Metode Modified K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Sofiah  , Yusra  , Muhammad Fikry  , Lola Oktavia
Published: June 2023

Kenaikan harga Bahan Bakar Minyak menjadi salah satu tranding topic di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia, baik di dunia nyata maupun dunia maya khususnya di media sosial Twitter. Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang sangat pesat memudahkan masyarakat dalam menyebarkan informasi di sosial media. Naiknya harga BBM memunculkan opini masyarakat yang mengandung sentimen positif dan negatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sentimen publik terkait kebijakan pemerintah yang menaikkan harga BBM serta menerapkan metode Modified K-Nearest Neighbor dalam pengklasifikasian sentimen pengguna Twitter terhadap kenaikan harga BBM. Modified K-Nearest Neighbor merupakan salah satu metode klasifikasi berdasarkan kemunculan kelas terbanyak pada data latih. Data yang digunakan adalah tweet dalam bahasa Indonesia berdasarkan kata kunci “kenaikan BBM” dengan jumlah dataset sebanyak 3.000 tweet. Pembobotan kata dengan menggunakan TF-IDF untuk melakukan klasifikasi sentimen ke dalam dua kelas positif dan negatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah klasifikasi sentimen terhadap kenaikan harga BBM. Akurasi tertinggi didapat 83.33% pada data opini menggunakan perbandingan 90:10 dan K=3.
An Investigation of Teachers' Views on the Difficulties at School of Secondary School Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Kağansoy Kocaismail Hale Havva , Sorakın Yasemin
Published: June 2023

This research aims to investigate the views of teachers on educational, emotional, and social difficulties experienced by secondary school students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in addition to revealing the opinions of secondary school teachers on the elimination of these problems. This study has a qualitative research design, the chosen participants consisted of the teachers of Akdoğan Polatpaşa Secondary School, and the data was gathered via semi-structured interview questions. The obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method as well as the use of NVivo qualitative data analysis computer software. The research findings identified the views of secondary school teachers about the type of educational, behavioral, emotional, and social difficulties encountered by students with ADHD and the findings depicted the opinions of the teachers about the solution suggestions regarding these difficulties. As a result, the viewpoints of the secondary school teachers at hand provide insights about the diagnosis of ADHD in the context of educational, behavioral, emotional, and social problems of their secondary school students. In general, they were revealed as not being able to focus, having impulsive activity, having difficulties in academic life, difficulties in communication, exposure to bullying, displaying aggressive behaviors, feeling lonely, and having the feeling of worthlessness. In addition to the above, the teachers clearly expressed opinions regarding the solution to these problems, and these are explained in the paper.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНЕ ВИВЧЕННЯ І ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДОСВІДУ ЗБРОЙ¬НИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ У МІЖНАРОДНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЯХ ІЗ ПІДТРИМАННЯ МИРУ ТА БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Пащук Юрій Михайлович
Published: June 2023

Стаття присвячена організаційному (колективному) вивченню та впров­дженню досвіду українських національних контингентів у міжнародних операціях із підтримання миру та безпеки, а також його впливу на розвиток стандартного процесу вивчення та впровдження досвіду у Збройних Силах України. Вище­зазначена діяльність досліджується протягом двох основних періодів еволюції організаційного вивчення та впровдження досвіду в Збройних Силах України:      1) грудень 1991 р. – грудень 2018 р.; 2) січень 2019 р. – лютий 2022 р.

Необхідність вивчення воєнно-історичних аспектів із аналізу та імплементації досвіду Збройних Сил України в операціях із підтримання миру зумовлена, насамперед, важливістю таких досліджень для забезпечення більш ефективного функціонування сучасної Системи вивчення та впровдження досвіду в умовах протистояння російській збройній агресії. Важливість та актуальність цього науково-практичного завдання визначається також відсутністю в українській історіографії спеціальних досліджень.

Розглянуті у статті два вищезгадані періоди відрізняються, насамперед, процесами та процедурами аналізу та імплементації набутих колективних знань, а також мають різну здатність до їх засвоєння і трансформації. Крім того, вони характеризуються неоднаковою роллю та внеском українського військового досвіду участі в міжнародних операціях із підтримання миру в розвиток органі­заційного вивчення та впровдження досвіду в Збройних Силах України. До початку російської збройної агресії у 2014 році організаційне вивчення та впровдження досвіду міжнародних операцій із підтримання миру відігравало провідну роль, і ця діяльність мала значний вплив на розвиток процесів вивчення та впрова­дження досвіду у Збройних Силах України. Після початку Антитерористичної операції у квітні 2014 року з очевидних причин така діяльність не була най­вищим пріоритетом. Але практика та передовий досвід аналізу та імплементації досвіду в операціях із підтримання миру широко використовувався для карди­нальної переорієнтації на організаційне вивчення та впровадження бойового досвіду і стала відправною точкою подальшого розвитку процесів і процедур вивчення та впровдження досвіду у Збройних Силах України.

Зі створенням у 2019 році перспективної Системи вивчення та впровадження досвіду у Збройних Силах України було розроблено та затверджено Доктрину з вивчення та впровадження досвіду та Інструкцію зі збору спостережень, ідентифі­кації, поширення та впровадження уроків і передового досвіду. Українські війська також отримали відповідні процедури аналізу та впровадження досвіду українських національних контингентів у міжнародних операціях із підтримання миру та безпеки.
A review of the development of interventional devices for mitral valve repair with the implantation of artificial chords
Authors: Zhang Tingchao , Dou Yichen , Luo Rifang , Yang Li , Zhang Weiwei , Ma Kangmu , Wang Yunbing , Zhang Xingdong
Published: June 2023

Mitral regurgitation (MR) was the most common heart valve disease. Surgical repair with artificial chordal replacement had become one of the standard treatments for mitral regurgitation. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was currently the most commonly used artificial chordae material due to its unique physicochemical and biocompatible properties. Interventional artificial chordal implantation techniques had emerged as an alternative treatment option for physicians and patients in treating mitral regurgitation. Using either a transapical or a transcatheter approach with interventional devices, a chordal replacement could be performed transcatheter in the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass, and the acute effect on the resolution of mitral regurgitation could be monitored in real-time by transesophageal echo imaging during the procedure. Despite the in vitro durability of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene material, artificial chordal rupture occasionally occurred. In this article, we reviewed the development and therapeutic results of interventional devices for chordal implantation and discuss the possible clinical factors responsible for the rupture of the artificial chordal material.
dTtc1, a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat protein, is required for maturation of Drosophila egg chambers via its role in stabilizing electron transport chain components
Authors: Neiswender Hannah , Baker Frederick C. , Veeranan-Karmegam Rajalakshmi , Allen Phylicia , Gonsalvez Graydon B.
Published: June 2023

We recently identified the Drosophila ortholog of TTC1 (dTtc1) as an interacting partner of Egalitarian, an RNA adaptor of the Dynein motor. In order to better understand the function of this relatively uncharacterized protein, we depleted dTtc1 in the Drosophila female germline. Depletion of dTtc1 resulted in defective oogenesis and no mature eggs were produced. A closer examination revealed that mRNA cargoes normally transported by Dynein were relatively unaffected. However, mitochondria in dTtc1 depleted egg chambers displayed an extremely swollen phenotype. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a lack of cristae. These phenotypes were not observed upon disruption of Dynein. Thus, this function of dTtc1 is likely to be Dynein independent. Consistent with a role for dTtc1 in mitochondrial biology, a published proteomics screen revealed that dTtc1 interacts with numerous components of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes. Our results indicate that the expression level of several of these ETC components was significantly reduced upon depletion of dTtc1. Importantly, this phenotype was completely rescued upon expression of wild-type GFP-dTtc1 in the depleted background. Lastly, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial phenotype caused by a lack of dTtc1 is not restricted to the germline but is also observed in somatic tissues. Our model suggests that dTtc1, likely in combination with cytoplasmic chaperones, is required for stabilizing ETC components.
A novel glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhang Bingxin , Wang Quanqiang , Lin Zhili , Zheng Ziwei , Zhou Shujuan , Zhang Tianyu , Zheng Dong , Chen Zixing , Zheng Sisi , Zhang Yu , Lin Xuanru , Dong Rujiao , Chen Jingjing , Qian Honglan , Hu Xudong , Zhuang Yan , Zhang Qianying , Jin Zhouxiang , Jiang Songfu , Ma Yongyong
Published: June 2023

Background: Metabolic reprogramming is an important hallmark of cancer. Glycolysis provides the conditions on which multiple myeloma (MM) thrives. Due to MM’s great heterogeneity and incurability, risk assessment and treatment choices are still difficult.

Method: We constructed a glycolysis-related prognostic model by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. It was validated in two independent external cohorts, cell lines, and our clinical specimens. The model was also explored for its biological properties, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic response including immunotherapy. Finally, multiple metrics were combined to construct a nomogram to assist in personalized prediction of survival outcomes.

Results: A wide range of variants and heterogeneous expression profiles of glycolysis-related genes were observed in MM. The prognostic model behaved well in differentiating between populations with various prognoses and proved to be an independent prognostic factor. This prognostic signature closely coordinated with multiple malignant features such as high-risk clinical features, immune dysfunction, stem cell-like features, cancer-related pathways, which was associated with the survival outcomes of MM. In terms of treatment, the high-risk group showed resistance to conventional drugs such as bortezomib, doxorubicin and immunotherapy. The joint scores generated by the nomogram showed higher clinical benefit than other clinical indicators. The in vitro experiments with cell lines and clinical subjects further provided convincing evidence for our study.

Conclusion: We developed and validated the utility of the MM glycolysis-related prognostic model, which provides a new direction for prognosis assessment, treatment options for MM patients.
Leveraging machine learning to examine engagement with a digital therapeutic
Authors: Heusser Andrew C. , DeLoss Denton J. , Cañadas Elena , Alailima Titiimaea
Published: June 2023

Digital Therapeutics (DTx) are evidence-based software-driven interventions for the prevention, management, and treatment of medical disorders or diseases. DTx offer the unique ability to capture rich objective data about when and how a patient engages with a treatment. Not only can one measure the quantity of patient interactions with a digital treatment with high temporal precision, but one can also assess the quality of these interactions. This is particularly useful for treatments such as cognitive interventions, where the specific manner in which a patient engages may impact likelihood of treatment success. Here, we present a technique for measuring the quality of user interactions with a digital treatment in near-real time. This approach produces evaluations at the level of a roughly four-minute gameplay session (mission). Each mission required users to engage in adaptive and personalized multitasking training. The training included simultaneous presentation of a sensory-motor navigation task and a perceptual discrimination task. We trained a machine learning model to classify user interactions with the digital treatment to determine if they were “using it as intended” or “not using it as intended” based on labeled data created by subject matter experts (SME). On a held-out test set, the classifier was able to reliably predict the SME-derived labels (Accuracy = .94; F1 Score = .94). We discuss the value of this approach and highlight exciting future directions for shared decision-making and communication between caregivers, patients and healthcare providers. Additionally, the output of this technique can be useful for clinical trials and personalized intervention.
Is obesity associated with taste alterations? a systematic review
Authors: Peinado Beatriz Rodrigues Risuenho , Frazão Deborah Ribeiro , Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira , Souza-Rodrigues Renata Duarte de , Vidigal Maria Tereza Campos , da Silva Douglas Teixeira , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , Maia Lucianne Cople , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: June 2023

Background

Obesity is a growing chronic public health problem. The causes of obesity are varied, but food consumption decisions play an important role, especially decisions about what foods to eat and how much to consume. Food consumption decisions are driven, in part, by individual taste perceptions, a fact that can influence eating behavior and, therefore, body mass.

Methodology

The searches were conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, and the grey literature (Google Scholar and Open Grey). The acronym PECO will be used, covering studies with adult humans (P) who have obesity (E) compared to adult humans without obesity (C), having as an outcome the presence of taste alterations (O). After searching, duplicates were removed. The articles were first evaluated by title and abstract, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria; then, the papers were read in full. After the studies were selected, two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias and control statements for possible confounders and bias consideration. The narrative GRADE system performed the methodological quality assessment using the New Castle Ottawa qualifier and analysis of certainty of evidence.

Results

A total of 3782 records were identified from the database search, of these 19 were considered eligible. Forty percent of the eligible studies show that there was an association between obesity and different taste alterations for different flavors comparing with normal weights adults. In the methodological quality analysis of the nineteen studies, which assesses the risk of bias in the results, fifteen showed good methodological reliability, three showed fair methodological reliability, and one showed low methodological reliability.

Conclusion

Despite methodological limitations, the results of the studies suggest the existence of a association between obesity and taste alterations, but further investigations with more sensitive methodologies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Systematic review registration

https://osf.io/9vg4h/, identifier 9vg4h.
Linking geological and infrastructural requirements for large-scale underground hydrogen storage in Germany
Authors: Alms Katharina , Ahrens Benedikt , Graf Marieke , Nehler Mathias
Published: June 2023

Hydrogen storage might be key to the success of the hydrogen economy, and hence the energy transition in Germany. One option for cost-effective storage of large quantities of hydrogen is the geological subsurface. However, previous experience with underground hydrogen storage is restricted to salt caverns, which are limited in size and space. In contrast, pore storage facilities in aquifers -and/or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs- could play a vital role in meeting base load needs due to their wide availability and large storage capacity, but experiences are limited to past operations with hydrogen-bearing town gas. To overcome this barrier, here we investigate hydrogen storage in porous storage systems in a two-step process: 1) First, we investigate positive and cautionary indicators for safe operations of hydrogen storage in pore storage systems. 2) Second, we estimate hydrogen storage capacities of pore storage systems in (current and decommissioned) underground natural gas storage systems and saline aquifers. Our systematic review highlights that optimal storage conditions in terms of energy content and hydrogen quality are found in sandstone reservoirs in absence of carbonate and iron bearing accessory minerals at a depth of approx. 1,100 m and a temperature of at least 40°C. Porosity and permeability of the reservoir formation should be at least 20% and 5 × 10−13 m2 (∼500 mD), respectively. In addition, the pH of the brine should fall below 6 and the salinity should exceed 100 mg/L. Based on these estimates, the total hydrogen storage capacity in underground natural gas storages is estimated to be up to 8 billion cubic meters or (0.72 Mt at STP) corresponding to 29 TWh of energy equivalent of hydrogen. Saline aquifers may offer additional storage capacities of 81.6–691.8 Mt of hydrogen, which amounts to 3.2 to 27.3 PWh of energy equivalent of hydrogen, the majority of which is located in the North German basin. Pore storage systems could therefore become a crucial element of the future German hydrogen infrastructure, especially in regions with large industrial hydrogen (storage) demand and likely hydrogen imports via pipelines and ships.
Hemodynamic and respiratory support in pulmonary embolism: a narrative review
Authors: Pérez-Nieto Orlando Rubén , Gómez-Oropeza Irene , Quintero-Leyra Andrés , Kammar-García Ashuin , Zamarrón-López Éder Iván , Soto-Estrada Maximiliano , Morgado-Villaseñor Luis Antonio , Meza-Comparán Héctor David
Published: June 2023

Pulmonary embolism is a common and potentially fatal disease, with a significant burden on health and survival. Right ventricular dysfunction and hemodynamic instability are considered two key determinants of mortality in pulmonary embolism, which can reach up to 65% in severe cases. Therefore, timely diagnosis and management are of paramount importance to ensure the best quality of care. However, hemodynamic and respiratory support, both major constituents of management in pulmonary embolism, associated with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest, have been given little attention in recent years, in favor of other novel advances such as systemic thrombolysis or direct oral anticoagulants. Moreover, it has been implied that current recommendations regarding this supportive care lack enough robustness, further complicating the problem. In this review, we critically discuss and summarize the current literature concerning the hemodynamic and respiratory support in pulmonary embolism, including fluid therapy, diuretics, pharmacological support with vasopressors, inotropes and vasodilators, oxygen therapy and ventilation, and mechanical circulatory support with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and right ventricular assist devices, while also providing some insights into contemporary research gaps.
Proton pump inhibitor has no effect in the prevention of post-endoscopic sphincterotomy delayed bleeding: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yu Zhengping , He Jinli , Cao Ronglai , Yang Zhenzhen , Li Baolian , Hong Junbo , Chen Youxiang , Zhu Liang
Published: June 2023

Background and aims

Bleeding is one of the common adverse events of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is mainly caused by endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). At present, it remains unclear whether proton pump inhibitor (PPI) should be used to prevent post-EST bleeding. Therefore, we performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether PPI is effective in the prevention of post-EST delayed bleeding.

Methods

Consecutive eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to experimental group (PPI group) or control group (normal saline, NS group). The patients in PPI group received intravenous esomeprazole 40  mg and normal saline 100  mL every 12  h for 2  days after ERCP immediately, and followed by oral esomeprazole (Nexium) 20  mg once a day for 7  days. Correspondingly, patients in the control group received intravenous normal saline 100  mL and did not take PPIs or any acid-suppressing drugs during hospitalization and after discharge. All patients were followed up for 30  days after ERCP. The primary endpoint was the incidence and severity of post-EST delayed bleeding.

Results

Between July 2020 and July 2022, 290 patients were randomly assigned to PPI group (n = 146) or NS group (n = 144). 5 patients from each group were excluded from the final analysis. There were 6 patients with post-EST delayed bleeding, with an incidence rate of 2.14%. The median time of delayed bleeding was 2.5  days after ERCP. 3 cases (2.12%, 3/141) occurred in the PPI group, with 1 case of mild and 2 cases of moderate bleeding. 3 cases (2.16%, 3/139) occurred in the NS group, with 2 cases of mild and 1 case of moderate bleeding. There was no significant difference in the incidence and the severity of post-EST delayed bleeding between the two groups (p = 1.000).

Conclusion

Prophylactic use of PPI after EST does not reduce the incidence and severity of post-EST delayed bleeding in patients.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchproj.aspx, identifier ChiCTR2000034697.
Effects of destruxin A on hemocytes of the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Yin Fei , Hu Lina , Li Zhenyu , Yang Xiangbing , Kendra Paul E. , Hu Qiongbo
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Destruxin A (DA) is a mycotoxin isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae which has demonstrated inhibitory activity against various insect species. However, the mechanism of inhibition on target sites in insects remains unknown.

Methods

In this research, the dose-response relationship between DA and morphological changes in body tissues and organs of domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, were investigated by histopathological methods to identify the target sites that responded to DA.

Results and Discussion

The results showed that responses of individual tissues and organs varied with DA dosage and treatment time. At low doses (i.e., 0.01μg/g), the hemocytes were the most sensitive to DA with morphological changes apparent at 6 h after treatment. However, the muscle cells, fat body, and Malpighian tubules were unaltered. At higher doses (i.e., > 0.1μg/g), morphological changes were observed in muscle cells, fat body, and Malpighian tubules at 24 h after treatment. The results indicated that DA can be an immunosuppressant by damaging host cells like hemocytes, and at higher doses may potentially impact other physiological processes, including muscle function, metabolism, and excretion. The information presented in the current study will facilitate development of mycopesticides and novel immunosuppressants.
Axonal mapping of the motor cranial nerves
Authors: Tereshenko Vlad , Maierhofer Udo , Dotzauer Dominik C. , Laengle Gregor , Politikou Olga , Carrero Rojas Genova , Festin Christopher , Luft Matthias , Jaklin Florian J. , Hruby Laura A. , Gohritz Andreas , Farina Dario , Blumer Roland , Bergmeister Konstantin D. , Aszmann Oskar C.
Published: June 2023

Basic behaviors, such as swallowing, speech, and emotional expressions are the result of a highly coordinated interplay between multiple muscles of the head. Control mechanisms of such highly tuned movements remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neural components responsible for motor control of the facial, masticatory, and tongue muscles in humans using specific molecular markers (ChAT, MBP, NF, TH). Our findings showed that a higher number of motor axonal population is responsible for facial expressions and tongue movements, compared to muscles in the upper extremity. Sensory axons appear to be responsible for neural feedback from cutaneous mechanoreceptors to control the movement of facial muscles and the tongue. The newly discovered sympathetic axonal population in the facial nerve is hypothesized to be responsible for involuntary control of the muscle tone. These findings shed light on the pivotal role of high efferent input and rich somatosensory feedback in neuromuscular control of finely adjusted cranial systems.
E. coli infection disrupts the epithelial barrier and activates intrinsic neurosecretory reflexes in the pig colon
Authors: Traserra Sara , Casabella-Ramón Sergi , Vergara Patri , Jimenez Marcel
Published: June 2023

This study aims to assess the barrier integrity and possible activation of enteric neural pathways associated with secretion and motility in the pig colon induced by an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. 50 Danbred male piglets were used for this study. 16 were challenged with an oral dose of the ETEC strain F4+ 1.5 × 109 colony-forming unit. Colonic samples were studied 4- and 9-days post-challenge using both a muscle bath and Ussing chamber. Colonic mast cells were stained with methylene blue. In control animals, electrical field stimulation induced neurosecretory responses that were abolished by tetrodotoxin (10−6M) and reduced by the combination of atropine (10−4M) and α-chymotrypsin (10U/mL). Exogenous addition of carbachol, vasoactive intestinal peptide, forskolin, 5-HT, nicotine, and histamine produced epithelial Cl− secretion. At day 4 post-challenge, ETEC increased the colonic permeability. The basal electrogenic ion transport remained increased until day 9 post-challenge and was decreased by tetrodotoxin (10−6M), atropine (10−4M), hexamethonium (10−5M), and ondansetron (10−5M). In the muscle, electrical field stimulation produced frequency-dependent contractile responses that were abolished with tetrodotoxin (10−6M) and atropine (10−6M). Electrical field stimulation and carbachol responses were not altered in ETEC animals in comparison with control animals at day 9 post-challenge. An increase in mast cells, stained with methylene blue, was observed in the mucosa and submucosa but not in the muscle layer of ETEC-infected animals on day 9 post-challenge. ETEC increased the response of intrinsic secretory reflexes and produced an impairment of the colonic barrier that was restored on day 9 post-challenge but did not modify neuromuscular function.
Towards continuous non-invasive blood pressure measurements—interpretation of the vasculature response to cuff inflation
Authors: Loureiro João , Bogatu Laura , Schmitt Lars , Henriques Jorge , Carvalho Paulo , Noordergraaf Gerrit J. , Paulussen Igor , Muehlsteff Jens
Published: June 2023

Blood pressure (BP) surrogates, such as pulse transit time (PTT) or pulse arrival time (PAT), have been intensively explored with the goal of achieving cuffless, continuous, and accurate BP inference. In order to estimate BP, a one-point calibration strategy between PAT and BP is typically used. Recent research focuses on advanced calibration procedures exploiting the cuff inflation process to improve calibration robustness by active and controlled modulation of peripheral PAT, as measured via plethysmograph (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) combination. Such methods require a detailed understanding of the mechanisms behind the vasculature’s response to cuff inflation; for this, a model has recently been developed to infer the PAT-BP calibration from measured cuff-induced vasculature changes. The model, while promising, is still preliminary and only partially validated; in-depth analysis and further developments are still needed. Therefore, this work aims to improve our understanding of the cuff-vasculature interaction in this model; we seek to define potential opportunities and to highlight which aspects may require further study. We compare model behaviors with clinical data samples based on a set of observable characteristics relevant for BP inference and calibration. It is found that the observed behaviors are qualitatively well represented with the current simulation model and complexity, with limitations regarding the prediction of the onset of the distal arm dynamics and behavior changes at high cuff pressures. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the model’s parameter space is conducted to show the factors that influence the characteristics of its observable outputs. It was revealed that easily controllable experimental variables, such as lateral cuff length and inflation rate, have a significant impact on cuff-induced vasculature changes. An interesting dependency between systemic BP and cuff-induced distal PTT change is also found, revealing opportunities for improved methods for BP surrogate calibration. However, validation via patient data shows that this relation does not hold for all patients, indicating required model improvements to be validated in follow up studies. These results provide promising directions to improve the calibration process featuring cuff inflation towards accurate and robust non-invasive blood pressure estimation.
Contents of endogenous brassinosteroids and the response to drought and/or exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide in two different maize leaves
Authors: Marková Hana , Tarkowská Danuše , Čečetka Petr , Kočová Marie , Rothová Olga , Holá Dana
Published: June 2023

Exogenously applied brassinosteroids (BRs) improve plant response to drought. However, many important aspects of this process, such as the potential differences caused by different developmental stages of analyzed organs at the beginning of drought, or by BR application before or during drought, remain still unexplored. The same applies for the response of different endogenous BRs belonging to the C27, C28-and C29- structural groups to drought and/or exogenous BRs. This study examines the physiological response of two different leaves (younger and older) of maize plants exposed to drought and treated with 24-epibrassinolide (epiBL), together with the contents of several C27, C28-and C29-BRs. Two timepoints of epiBL application (prior to and during drought) were utilized to ascertain how this could affect plant drought response and the contents of endogenous BRs. Marked differences in the contents of individual BRs between younger and older maize leaves were found: the younger leaves diverted their BR biosynthesis from C28-BRs to C29-BRs, probably at the very early biosynthetic steps, as the levels of C28-BR precursors were very low in these leaves, whereas C29-BR levels vere extremely high. Drought also apparently negatively affected contents of C28-BRs (particularly in the older leaves) and C29-BRs (particularly in the younger leaves) but not C27-BRs. The response of these two types of leaves to the combination of drought exposure and the application of exogenous epiBL differed in some aspects. The older leaves showed accelerated senescence under such conditions reflected in their reduced chlorophyll content and diminished efficiency of the primary photosynthetic processes. In contrast, the younger leaves of well-watered plants showed at first a reduction of proline levels in response to epiBL treatment, whereas in drought-stressed, epiBL pre-treated plants they were subsequently characterized by elevated amounts of proline. The contents of C29- and C27-BRs in plants treated with exogenous epiBL depended on the length of time between this treatment and the BR analysis regardless of plant water supply; they were more pronounced in plants subjected to the later epiBL treatment. The application of epiBL before or during drought did not result in any differences of plant response to this stressor.
Estimation of rice seedling growth traits with an end-to-end multi-objective deep learning framework
Authors: Ye Ziran , Tan Xiangfeng , Dai Mengdi , Lin Yue , Chen Xuting , Nie Pengcheng , Ruan Yunjie , Kong Dedong
Published: June 2023

In recent years, rice seedling raising factories have gradually been promoted in China. The seedlings bred in the factory need to be selected manually and then transplanted to the field. Growth-related traits such as height and biomass are important indicators for quantifying the growth of rice seedlings. Nowadays, the development of image-based plant phenotyping has received increasing attention, however, there is still room for improvement in plant phenotyping methods to meet the demand for rapid, robust and low-cost extraction of phenotypic measurements from images in environmentally-controlled plant factories. In this study, a method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and digital images was applied to estimate the growth of rice seedlings in a controlled environment. Specifically, an end-to-end framework consisting of hybrid CNNs took color images, scaling factor and image acquisition distance as input and directly predicted the shoot height (SH) and shoot fresh weight (SFW) after image segmentation. The results on the rice seedlings dataset collected by different optical sensors demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed compared random forest (RF) and regression CNN models (RCNN). The model achieved R2 values of 0.980 and 0.717, and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values of 2.64% and 17.23%, respectively. The hybrid CNNs method can learn the relationship between digital images and seedling growth traits, promising to provide a convenient and flexible estimation tool for the non-destructive monitoring of seedling growth in controlled environments.
Development of a classification model for Cynanchum wilfordii and Cynanchum auriculatum using convolutional neural network and local interpretable model-agnostic explanation technology
Authors: Jung Dae-Hyun , Kim Ho-Youn , Won Jae Hee , Park Soo Hyun
Published: June 2023

Cynanchum wilfordii is a perennial tuberous root in the Asclepiadaceae family that has long been used medicinally. Although C. wilfordii is distinct in origin and content from Cynancum auriculatum, a genus of the same species, it is difficult for the public to recognize because the ripe fruit and root are remarkably similar. In this study, images were collected to categorize C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum, which were then processed and input into a deep-learning classification model to corroborate the results. By obtaining 200 photographs of each of the two cross sections of each medicinal material, approximately 800 images were employed, and approximately 3200 images were used to construct a deep-learning classification model via image augmentation. For the classification, the structures of Inception-ResNet and VGGnet-19 among convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used, with Inception-ResNet outperforming VGGnet-19 in terms of performance and learning speed. The validation set confirmed a strong classification performance of approximately 0.862. Furthermore, explanatory properties were added to the deep-learning model using local interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME), and the suitability of the LIME domain was assessed using cross-validation in both situations. Thus, artificial intelligence may be used as an auxiliary metric in the sensory evaluation of medicinal materials in future, owing to its explanatory ability.
Heterogeneous nutrient supply modulates root exudation and accumulation of medicinally valuable compounds in Artemisia annua and Hypericum perforatum
Authors: Paponov Martina , Flate Juanita , Ziegler Jörg , Lillo Cathrine , Paponov Ivan A.
Published: June 2023

Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to adapt to nutrient-deficient environments, including stimulating lateral root proliferation into local soil patches with high nutrient content in response to heterogeneous nutrient distribution. Despite the widespread occurrence of this phenomenon in soil, the effect of heterogeneous nutrient distribution on the accumulation of secondary compounds in plant biomass and their exudation by roots remains largely unknown. This study aims to fill this critical knowledge gap by investigating how deficiency and unequal distributions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe) affect plant growth and accumulation of the antimalarial drug artemisinin (AN) in leaves and roots of Artemisia annua, as well as AN exudation by roots. Heterogeneous N and P supplies strongly increased root exudation of AN in half of a split-root system exposed to nutrient deficiency. By contrast, exposure to a homogeneous nitrate and phosphate deficiency did not modulate root exudation of AN. This indicates that a combination of local and systemic signals, reflecting low and high nutritional statuses, respectively, were required to enhance AN exudation. This exudation response was independent of the regulation of root hair formation, which was predominantly modulated by the local signal. In contrast to the heterogeneous supply of N and P, heterogeneous Fe supply did not modulate AN root exudation but increased AN accumulation in locally Fe-deficient roots. No modulation of nutrient supply significantly changed the accumulation of AN in A. annua leaves. The impact of a heterogeneous nitrate supply on growth and phytochemical composition was also investigated in Hypericum perforatum plants. Unlike in A. annue, the uneven N supply did not significantly influence the exudation of secondary compounds in the roots of H. perforatum. However, it did enhance the accumulation of several biologically active compounds, such as hypericin, catechin, and rutin isomers, in the leaves of H. perforatum. We propose that the capacity of plants to induce the accumulation and/or differential exudation of secondary compounds under heterogeneous nutrient supply is both species- and compound-specific. The ability to differentially exude AN may contribute to A. annua’s adaptation to nutrient disturbances and modulate allelopathic and symbiotic interactions in the rhizosphere.
A Vis/NIR spectra-based approach for identifying bananas infected with Colletotrichum musae
Authors: Chu Xuan , Zhang Kun , Wei Hongyu , Ma Zhiyu , Fu Han , Miao Pu , Jiang Hongzhe , Liu Hongli
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Anthracnose of banana caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most serious post-harvest diseases, which can cause significant yield losses. Clarifying the infection mechanism of the fungi using non-destructive methods is crucial for timely discriminating infected bananas and taking preventive and control measures.

Methods

This study presented an approach for tracking growth and identifying different infection stages of the C. musae in bananas using Vis/NIR spectroscopy. A total of 330 banana reflectance spectra were collected over ten consecutive days after inoculation, with a sampling rate of 24 h. The four-class and five-class discriminant patterns were designed to examine the capability of NIR spectra in discriminating bananas infected at different levels (control, acceptable, moldy, and highly moldy), and different time at early stage (control and days 1-4). Three traditional feature extraction methods, i.e. PC loading coefficient (PCA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projections algorithm (SPA), combining with two machine learning methods, i.e. partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and support vector machine (SVM), were employed to build discriminant models. One-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) without manually extracted feature parameters was also introduced for comparison.

Results

The PCA-SVM and·SPA-SVM models had good performance with identification accuracies of 93.98% and 91.57%, 94.47% and 89.47% in validation sets for the four- and five-class patterns, respectively. While the 1D-CNN models performed the best, achieving an accuracy of 95.18% and 97.37% for identifying infected bananas at different levels and time, respectively.

Discussion

These results indicate the feasibility of identifying banana fruit infected with C. musae using Vis/NIR spectra, and the resolution can be accurate to one day.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in aqueous environments – survival and significance of water-mediated transmission
Authors: Mehle Nataša , Bačnik Katarina , Bajde Irena , Brodarič Jakob , Fox Adrian , Gutiérrez-Aguirre Ion , Kitek Miha , Kutnjak Denis , Loh Yue Lin , Maksimović Carvalho Ferreira Olivera , Ravnikar Maja , Vogel Elise , Vos Christine , Vučurović Ana
Published: June 2023

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has recently emerged as a major disease of tomatoes and peppers. ToBRFV is a seed- and contact-transmitted virus. In Slovenia, ToBRFV RNA was detected in samples of wastewater, river, and water used to irrigate plants. Even though the source of detected RNA could not be clearly established, this raised the question of the significance of the detection of ToBRFV in water samples and experimental studies were performed to address this question. The data presented here confirm that the release of virus particles from the roots of infected plants is a source of infectious ToBRFV particles in water and that the virus can remain infective up to four weeks in water stored at room temperature, while its RNA can be detected for much longer. These data also indicate that irrigation with ToBRFV-contaminated water can lead to plant infection. In addition, it has been shown that ToBRFV circulated in drain water in commercial tomato greenhouses from other European countries and that an outbreak of ToBRFV can be detected by regular monitoring of drain water. A simple method for concentrating ToBRFV from water samples and a comparison of the sensitivity of different methods, including the determination of the highest ToBRFV dilution still capable of infecting test plants, were also investigated. The results of our studies fill the knowledge gaps in the epidemiology and diagnosis of ToBRFV, by studying the role of water-mediated transmission, and provide a reliable risk assessment to identify critical points for monitoring and control.
Assessing preschoolers’ approaches to learning in the Chinese context: a scale for teacher-parent co-evaluation
Authors: Feng Lina , Wang Jingjing
Published: June 2023

Introduction

An effective assessment of preschoolers’ approaches to learning (ATL) requires multiple-reporter co-evaluation, such as teachers and parents. Based on extant research on children’s ATL combined with Chinese cultural background and educational policies, this study aims to develop an ATL scale suitable for Chinese teachers and parents to co-evaluate preschoolers’ ATL.

Methods

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the data collected from teachers (n=833) and parents (n=856) demonstrates the four-factor structure of the ATL: creativity, learning strategy, competence motivation, and attention/persistence, wherein creativity is a new dimension uncovered in the Chinese context.

Results

Psychometric analysis demonstrates that the scale has good reliability and validity. Multi-group CFA further shows that the measurement model is robust and independent from reporter identity.

Discussion

The current study contributes a novel and easy-to-use measurement instrument with 20 items for educational practitioners and for scholars who are interested in cross-cultural comparison or longitudinal development of Chinese children’s ATL.