bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Giving Red Spinach Syrup to Pregnant Women With Mild Anemia Against Increase In Hb Level
Authors: Ani T Prianti  , Sutrani syarif  , Nurhidayat Triananingsih
Published: August 2024

Anemia in pregnant women that is not treated properly can increase the risk of dangerous complications, such as premature labor. In addition, anemia can also increase the risk of low birth weight in infants. On the mother's side, anemia can increase the risk of postpartum depression and post-saline maternal death.the effect of giving red spinach extract on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with moderate anemia on average experienced a significant increase from before and after giving red spinach extract.
Anemia is a condition where your body does not have enough red blood cells whose job is to deliver oxygen to all body tissues so that these organs can work normally. As a result, you will feel symptoms of anemia such as weakness, fatigue, and lethargy. In mild and temporary conditions of anemia, you can overcome it by consuming vegetables, fruits, and drinking enough water. Consume foods that are high in iron and folic acid such as red spinach, liver, seafood, and green leafy vegetables.
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving red spinach to increase HB levels for pregnant women with anemia by consuming red spinach. The research design used was pre-experiment with Post-Test Only Control Group Design.
The population in this study were pregnant women in the working area of the Tolo 'puskesmas, Gowa Regency. the type of sampling was purposive sampling with the fulfillment of criteria, the sample size in this study was 30. The research sample in this design was Post-Test Only Control Group Design. Data collection techniques are primary data by observation (observation) directly to the respondents of this study to look for changes or things that will be examined
Effectiveness of Giving Ginger Candy to Pregnant Women With Hyperemesis Gravidarum In The First Trimester At The Bontonompo II Gowa Community Health Center
Authors: Nurhudayat Trianinsi  , Hardiyanti Sri , Awaluddin Awaluddin
Published: August 2024

Background: Hyperemesis Gravidarum is excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. This nausea and vomiting can be dangerous for pregnant women because the intensity of the vomiting exceeds that of morning sickness (emesis gravidarum) which occurs early in pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting are physiological things that occur in early pregnancy, but nausea and vomiting that continues to get worse will cause hyperemesis gravidarum which can cause dehydration and acidoketosis. Ginger is a herbal plant that has long been known to prevent nausea and vomiting. Giving ginger candy is effective in reducing the frequency of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of ginger candy against nausea and vomiting in pregnant women who experience hyperemesis gravidarum. Method: This study used the Quasy Experimental research method with a One Group Pretest Posttest design. The sample in this study was 30 pregnant women in the first trimester (0-12 weeks) who experienced nausea and vomiting. Results: The results of this study show that the average value before being given ginger candy was 15.50, while the average value after being given the treatment was 0.00. The results of giving ginger candy to pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester are quite effective.
O‘QUV MATERIALLARNI TANLASH VA TIZIMLASHTIRISHNING TALABALARDA LINGVOMADANIY KOMPETENSIYANI OSHIRISHDAGI O‘RNI
Authors: Yakubbayev Murodilla
Published: August 2024

Linguacultural competence integrates linguistic ability and cultural understanding, essential for effective communication in diverse settings. This study investigates the selection and systematization of educational materials aimed at enhancing linguacultural competence in students. Criteria for evaluating materials and a framework for their organization are proposed, based on a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis. Findings highlight the importance of culturally relevant and pedagogically sound resources, offering practical recommendations for educators and curriculum developers.
ALISHER NAVOIY IJODIY TAFAKKURI QUDRATI VA SUN’IY INTELLEKT
Authors: Xoldorova Gulnoza
Published: August 2024

This article talks about innovations related to the world of imagination and thought of Alisher Navoi. It is emphasized that Alisher Navoi's works are the basis for great scientific achievements, and this is a direct product of Navoi's artistic thinking.
The Contribution of Artificial Intelligence Technology to the Learning Process of Accounting Students in the Digital Era and Learning Ethics
Authors: Rina Lelahester , Kaira Lamin , Mohammed Sultan Saif Gehad , Setyaningsih Wulan
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study investigates the contribution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to the learning process of accounting students in Surakarta, focusing on its adoption and associated learning ethics in the digital era.Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, targeting accounting students from private and state universities. The analysis utilized SmartPLS 3 for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).Findings: The results indicate that Perceived Ease of Use significantly influences AI Technology Adoption, while Technology Readiness positively impacts both Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use. However, Technology Readiness shows no significant effect on AI Technology Adoption. This highlights the critical role of ease of use over perceived usefulness in driving technology adoption among students.Novelty: This research contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating the nuanced relationships between technology readiness, perceived ease of use, and the adoption of AI technologies in accounting education, specifically in a developing context.Theory and Policy Implications: The findings suggest that educational institutions should focus on enhancing students' technological readiness and simplifying AI interfaces to promote adoption. This has implications for curriculum design and policy formulation aimed at effectively integrating AI technologies into accounting education.
Effectiveness of Guessing Game in Improving Student Speaking Skills
Authors: Asdar Andi , Mujahidah
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using guessing games in enhancing students' speaking skills compared to traditional teaching methods.Method: The study involved 27 students in a single class. Data were collected using pretest and post-test evaluations. In speaking classes, students were taught using guessing games and traditional approaches. The effectiveness of these methods was then compared based on students' performance in the pretest and post-test.Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in students' speaking skills when taught using guessing games. The data analysis indicated that the students showed greater improvement with the guessing game method than with traditional teaching methods.Novelty: This research contributes to the field of language education by providing evidence that interactive and engaging methods, such as guessing games, can significantly enhance speaking skills. It underscores the importance of using innovative teaching strategies to improve language learning outcomes.Implications: The implications of this research suggest that educators should incorporate interactive and engaging activities like guessing games into their language teaching practices. This approach can lead to more effective learning experiences, increased student motivation, and improved language proficiency.
ESTRUTURA RETICULADA EM CONCRETO REFORÇADO COM FIBRAS DE AÇO
Authors: MONTEIRO M. A. S
Published: August 2024

A estrutura reticulada em concreto reforçado com fibras de aço combina a resistência e durabilidade  do concreto com a flexibilidade e capacidade de absorção de impacto das fibras de aço, criando uma  solução estrutural versátil e altamente eficiente. As fibras de aço melhoram a resistência à tração,  compressão e flexão do concreto, aumentando sua capacidade de suportar cargas, também aumentam  a resistência a impactos, abrasão e fissuras, prolongando a vida útil da estrutura. O concreto reforçado  com fibras de aço apresenta maior ductilidade, permitindo deformações sem ruptura brusca. Essa  tecnologia contribui para a construção sustentável, com menor impacto ambiental e maior vida útil das  estruturas. O objetivo principal deste estudo é a modelagem computacional numérica, através de  Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF), utilizando a NBR 8681:2003 como auxílio de cálculo estrutural,  a fim de simular o comportamento do concreto reforçado com fibras de aço e otimizar seu uso.
LESÕES DE TORNOZELO NO ESPORTE: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA SOBRE DIAGNÓSTICO, MECANISMO DE LESÃO E ABORDAGENS TERAPÊUTICA
Authors: Partata Pedro Henrique , Marques Leonardo , Navia Jhon Álvaro , Kotsi Rafael
Published: August 2024

The objective of this article is to systematically review the diagnostic methods, injury mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches for ankle injuries in athletes. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 34 studies published between 2014 and 2024, selected from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The results indicate that early diagnosis using advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, combined with personalized treatments, is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. Early rehabilitation and the adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques are also highlighted as factors that accelerate recovery and reduce the risk of recurrence. It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach, including precise diagnosis and adequate rehabilitation, is essential to ensure a safe return to sport.
AÇÕES NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA DE SAÚDE E FATORES QUE INTERFEREM NA MELHORIA DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Silva Carmem Lúcia Valério da , Bezerra Maria Aryane Arrais , Cavalcante Mariana Mendonça Maia , Barbosa Andressa Pereira Peixoto , Maia Ivonilda de Araújo Mendonça
Published: August 2024

Introdução: Mães em amamentação podem enfrentar barreiras que dificultam o processo, que podem ser de caráter físico, biológico e/ou emocional. Ações voltadas às mães em aleitamento materno, no âmbito da Atenção Primária em Saúde, são eficazes e visam à superação dessas dificuldades. Objetivo: Mapear a literatura, descrever e analisar os fatores que interferem negativamente e os facilitadores do aleitamento materno, além de analisar as ações propostas e desenvolvidas pela Atenção Primária de Saúde para o enfrentamento dos fatores negativos. Metodologia: Revisão de escopo por meio de busca nas bases de dados LILACS, Medline e Scielo, com os descritores “aleitamento materno”, “período pós-parto” e “Atenção Primária à Saúde” e seus respectivos termos em inglês, combinados por meio dos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Foram encontrados 214 artigos e, após a seleção, quatro foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados e Discussão: Diversos fatores podem interferir negativamente na amamentação, o que revela a importância de uma rede de apoio à mulher em aleitamento materno. Ações desenvolvidas pela atenção primária são fundamentais para ajudar essa população. Todos os estudos incluídos apresentam relatos de que orientações e ações educativas são estratégias facilitadoras do aleitamento materno. Conclusão: Não foram relatados fatores estressores. Dentre os facilitadores, destacam-se as instruções ao predito público, bem como, as atuações educativas a ele dispensado. A ausência da participação do médico na equipe executora das ações em prol do aleitamento materno ainda é uma. Mais estudos sobre o tema são necessários, uma vez que a maioria é direcionada ao ambiente hospitalar.
ENSINO DO DIREITO À DISTÂNCIA: VANTAGENS E DESVANTAGENS
Authors: PALMA LUCIANO
Published: August 2024

A pesquisa sobre o ensino do Direito à distância é relevante por democratizar o acesso à educação superior, promovendo inclusão social e qualificação profissional em áreas remotas, além de contribuir para a modernização do sistema jurídico no Brasil. O estudo examina as diretrizes legais do ensino de Direito à distância, identifica suas principais vantagens e investiga suas desvantagens. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa com revisão bibliográfica, sendo comparadas percepções sobre a qualidade da formação. Os resultados indicam vantagens como acessibilidade e flexibilidade, mas também desafios como falta de interação direta e ênfase na memorização. Conclui-se que estratégias pedagógicas eficazes e infraestrutura tecnológica adequada são essenciais para melhorar a formação dos estudantes de Direito.
Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Kaka Debora , Kristiani Kristiani , Cinta Yesa
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study aims to explore the role of teachers in handling conflict in schools and increasing tolerance among students. Through a qualitative approach, the results show that teachers act as mediators and facilitators in conflict resolution. They use various strategies, such as direct mediation, integration of tolerance values in religious lessons through Bible stories, and group discussions that encourage empathy and respect for differences. Christian religious education teachers have a key role in creating a peaceful and inclusive school environment, shaping students into individuals who are tolerant and respectful of differences. PAK teachers must teach the concept of tolerance clearly and provide concrete examples of its application in everyday life, PAK teachers can help students understand that tolerance does not mean sacrificing personal beliefs, but rather appreciating and respecting the beliefs of others. In addition, PAK teachers also serve as agents of spiritual transformation, guiding students toward deeper spiritual maturity, and preparing them to grow in Christ and become individuals who are able to contribute to the creation of a more tolerant and harmonious school environment.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran guru dalam menangani konflik di sekolah dan meningkatkan toleransi di kalangan siswa. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru berperan sebagai mediator dan fasilitator dalam resolusi konflik. Mereka menggunakan berbagai strategi, seperti mediasi langsung, integrasi nilai-nilai toleransi dalam pelajaran agama melalui cerita Alkitab, dan diskusi kelompok yang mendorong empati serta penghargaan terhadap perbedaan. Guru pendidikan agama Kristen memiliki peran kunci dalam menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang damai dan inklusif, membentuk siswa menjadi individu yang toleran dan menghargai perbedaan. Guru PAK harus mengajarkan konsep toleransi secara jelas dan memberikan contoh konkret tentang penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, guru PAK dapat membantu siswa memahami bahwa toleransi bukan berarti mengorbankan keyakinan pribadi, melainkan menghargai dan menghormati keyakinan orang lain. Selain itu, guru PAK juga bertugas sebagai agen transformasi spiritual, membimbing siswa menuju kedewasaan rohani yang lebih mendalam, dan mempersiapkan mereka untuk berkembang dalam Kristus serta menjadi individu yang mampu berkontribusi pada terciptanya lingkungan sekolah yang lebih toleran dan harmonis.
Exercise Science Academic Programs and Research in Brazil
Authors: Simão Roberto , Prestes Jonato
Published: August 2024

The International Journal of Exercise Science has enjoyed an association with several students and professionals from Brazil. In this invited editorial, professors from leading institutions in Brazil, Roberto Simão from Rio de Janeiro Federal University, and Jonato Prestes from the Federal University of São Carlos, share information regarding their programs relating to Exercise Science. They have provided information on academic components such as entrance requirements, progression through programs, and professional opportunities available to students following completion; as well as details regarding funding available to students to participate in research, collaboration, and specific research interests.
Physics for Medical Colleges: Proposing an Extended Syllabus
Authors: Omer Hiba , Toufig Hind , Abuelhia Elfatih , Elfatih Twfieg Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Background: Physics has indeed revolutionized medical practice since the birth of medicine thousands of years ago. It provided us with a better understanding of our health problems through many diagnostic and treatment tools yet, many medical colleges do not fully implement physics as a core subject in their curricula. Physics is taught only as a freshman year subject, and many medical students feel obliged to take it without knowing its real benefits to their future careers. This is basically due to the lack of an appropriate course design, references, and the poor commissioning of physics in the medical field.
Objective: The aim of this work is to propose a series of courses of physics in medicine that would fulfill the requirements of any medical college.
Methods: The presented courses will be divided into three phases: premedical, pre-clinical, and clinical years for medical students. To do so, a critical analysis of the topics needed at the different phases and the possibilities of implementing this syllabus and constraints that may face the process is conducted.
Results: The different topics are shown and means of implementing them as a single subject or in conjunction with other subjects is clarified
Conclusion: Once properly tailored, physics can provide a strong tool in medical education.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY TO IDENTIFY CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR SUSTAINABLE CONTRACT MANUFACTURING IN THE CONSUMER PRODUCTS SUPPLY CHAIN IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Mahove Trust , Matope Stephen
Published: August 2024

Outsourcing manufacturing to a contract manufacturer is a growing practice that has gained global prominence since the turn of the century. This business practice is common in pharmaceutical and electronics industries, and has now also become common practice in consumer product supply chains. This practice has many challenges; in most cases it does not achieve its intended objectives, with a number of contract manufacturing companies (CMCs) in South Africa going out of business. Research and the literature on contract manufacturing is predominantly focused on the aspects of contract manufacturing and its role and impact in the supply chain. However, there are very few, if any, scholarly articles on the factors that make CMCs in the consumer products supply chain in South Africa succeed and become sustainable businesses and strategic partners to their brand owner customers. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying, through empirical research of experts in contract manufacturing, the factors that are critical for contract manufacturers to succeed and to be sustainable businesses that can contribute to the success of their clients. Several critical success factors were identified using a Delphi survey of experts who had experience working with CMCs.
A MACHINE LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR DATA-DRIVEN DEFECT DETECTION IN MULTISTAGE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Authors: van Vuuren Jan H.
Published: August 2024

Economic transformation and escalating market competitiveness have prompted manufacturers to adopt zero-defect manufacturing principles to lower production costs and maximise product quality. The key enabler of zero-defect manufacturing is the adoption of data-driven techniques that harness the wealth of information offered by digitalised manufacturing systems in order to predict errors. Multi-stage manufacturing systems, however, introduce additional complexity owing to the cascade effects associated with stage interactions. A generic modular framework is proposed for facilitating the tasks associated with preparing data emanating from multi-stage manufacturing systems, building predictive models, and interpreting these models’ results. In particular, cascade quality prediction methods are employed to harness the benefit of invoking a stage-wise modelling approach. The working of the framework is demonstrated in a practical case study involving data from a multistage semiconductor production process.
Remedio Sánchez Ferriz: Los institutos de democracia semidirecta. Estudio comparado (especial referencia: Italia-España)
Authors: Moreno González Gabriel
Published: August 2024

Remedio Sánchez Ferriz: Los institutos de democracia semidirecta. Estudio comparado (especial referencia: Italia-España), Madrid, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 2021, 182 págs.
Development and evaluation of a rapid visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the tcdA gene in Clostridioides difficile detection
Authors: Lin Minyi , Wang Pu , Lu Bingyun , Jin Ming , Tan Jiasheng , Liu Wei , Yuan Jing , Peng Xiaomou , Chen Ye
Published: August 2024

Background

The tcdA gene codes for an important toxin produced by Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), but there is currently no simple and cost-effective method of detecting it. This article establishes and validates a rapid and visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of the tcdA gene.

Methods

Three sets of primers were designed and optimized to amplify the tcdA gene in C. difficile using a LAMP assay. To evaluate the specificity of the LAMP assay, C. difficile VPI10463 was used as a positive control, while 26 pathogenic bacterial strains lacking the tcdA gene and distilled water were utilized as negative controls. For sensitivity analysis, the LAMP assay was compared to PCR using ten-fold serial dilutions of DNA from C. difficile VPI10463, ranging from 207 ng/µl to 0.000207 pg/µl. The tcdA gene of C.difficile was detected in 164 stool specimens using both LAMP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive and negative results were distinguished using real-time monitoring of turbidity and chromogenic reaction.

Results

At a temperature of 66 °C, the target DNA was successfully amplified with a set of primers designated, and visualized within 60 min. Under the same conditions, the target DNA was not amplified with the tcdA12 primers for 26 pathogenic bacterial strains that do not carry the tcdA gene. The detection limit of LAMP was 20.700 pg/µl, which was 10 times more sensitive than that of conventional PCR. The detection rate of tcdA in 164 stool specimens using the LAMP method was 17% (28/164), significantly higher than the 10% (16/164) detection rate of the PCR method (X2 = 47, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

LAMP method is an effective technique for the rapid and visual detection of the tcdA gene of C. difficile, and shows potential advantages over PCR in terms of speed, simplicity, and sensitivity. The tcdA-LAMP assay is particularly suitable for medical diagnostic environments with limited resources and is a promising diagnostic strategy for the screening and detection of C. difficile infection in populations at high risk.
Quantitative Analysis of Phytocompounds and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Profiling of Methanolic Extract of Citrus Limon Peel: An Experimental Study
Authors: Anuradha N , Kumar S Saravana , Himabindu N , Gnanavel A , Karthick S
Published: August 2024

Introduction: All citrus plants are rich sources of phytochemicals that have many beneficial effects on human health. Different parts of the Citrus Limon plant, such as fruits, leaves, seeds, stems, and peels, also contain a wide spectrum of phytochemicals with therapeutic effects. Aim: The present study focused on phytochemical analysis and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) profiling of limon peel. Materials and Methods: An experimental qualitative analysis was conducted at Systemic Life Sciences and Research in Hyderabad, Telangana, India from April 2023 to April 2024. Fresh Citrus Limon fruits were collected from an authorised vendor, identified, and authenticated. The peels were dried, coarse powdered, and a methanolic extract was prepared using the Soxhlet extraction method. An experimental qualitative analysis GCMS was performed to identify the chemical compounds present in the Citrus Limon peel extract. Results: Phytochemical analysis of Citrus Limon peel showed the presence of various metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides. The GCMS profiling identified 13 chemical compounds, most notably Pentamethoxyflavone, Tetramethoxyflavone, and 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol in the methanolic extract of Citrus Limon peel. Conclusion: It was concluded that the bioactive phytocomponents are abundant in Citrus Limon peel extract.
Current Possibilities for Recycling Industrial Metallic Wastes: Potential of KOBO Extrusion Process
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Damian , Śliwa Romana Ewa , Zwolak Marek , Wędrychowicz Aleksandra
Published: August 2024

The paper addresses the issue of utilizing industrial wastes considering the current legal regulations in Poland and the European Union. The importance of recycling was highlighted, with particular emphasis on metal elements whose natural deposits are limited. A comparison was made between primary methods of metal extraction and metal recovery (from secondary sources) using solid-state recycling methods without melting. An analysis of some methods for recycling industrial metallic wastes was conducted. Special attention was given to metal chips and the accompanying lubricating and cooling substances. An innovative recycling process was presented – the KOBO extrusion of metallic wastes in the form of chips, with example research results and a list of benefits from using this process for the production of metal profiles.
Headlines to Hard-Lines: Media Intervention in Managing Bullying and Cancel Culture in the Entertainment Industry
Authors: Samuel-Okon Amaka Debie
Published: August 2024

This research examines the complex dynamics of bullying and cancel culture within the Nigerian entertainment industry, focusing specifically on the impacts exerted by social media and socio-economic factors. Employing a mixed-method approach that incorporates thematic and sentiment analyses of academic literature spanning from 2015 to 2024, the study identifies a predominantly negative sentiment surrounding these phenomena. Detailed analysis reveals profound psychological impacts on celebrities, exemplified by increased instances of anxiety and depression. It also acknowledges the dual nature of celebrity influence, both as victims and perpetuators of online aggression, significantly shaped by their public interactions and media portrayals. The study further delineates how economic disparities heighten online aggressive behaviors, with specific cases illustrating how economic stress contributes to the virulence of online interactions among different socio-economic groups. In response, the study proposes several targeted interventions: the establishment of a comprehensive digital literacy program tailored for entertainment professionals, the creation of an entertainment industry ombudsman to adjudicate disputes, the development of an AI-powered early warning system for detecting potential harassment campaigns, and the implementation of a "Digital Wellness" certification for companies adhering to prescribed best practices in managing digital interactions. These recommendations are designed to not only mitigate the challenges identified but also promote a more resilient, ethical, and supportive entertainment industry in Nigeria. The paper discusses potential models for implementing, monitoring, and evaluating these measures to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability, aiming to forge a pathway towards substantial industry reform.
Modulatory Effect of Aqueous Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Extract on Gentamicin Sulfate Induced Oxidative Stress and Nephrotoxicity in Female Albino Rats
Authors: Oyarieme Henry Wealth , Osuntoki Akinniyi Adediran , Olasore Holiness S.A. , Obros Ogheneovo , Otiti Jeromi , Abiodun Zakariyah Abdullahi
Published: August 2024

Acute renal failure is a common complication of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used against gram-negative infections, often mediated by oxidative stress. This study investigates the potential protective effects of aqueous ginger extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in female albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups: control (distilled water and feed), ginger extract (2.14 ml/kg), gentamicin (100 mg/kg), and combined ginger extract with gentamicin. The combination of ginger extract with gentamicin has garnered attention in recent research due to its potential protective effects against the nephrotoxic side effects of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections. Biochemical assays measured blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, white blood cell count, and packed cell volume. Kidney homogenates were analyzed for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione transferase (GST) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological evaluations of kidney tissues were also performed. Gentamicin administration significantly increased BUN and creatinine levels, decreased GSH levels, and increased MDA levels, indicating severe nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress. Ginger extract administration did not alleviate gentamicin-induced renal damage or oxidative stress, despite reducing serum cholesterol levels. The study also observed a reduction in CAT activity with ginger extract administration. Histopathological analysis revealed clear nephritis in the gentamicin-treated groups, particularly exacerbated in the group receiving both gentamicin and ginger extract. These outcomes suggest that while aqueous ginger extract did not mitigate gentamicin-induced renal injury in this study, its cholesterol-lowering effects highlight potential benefits in managing atherosclerosis. Further research is necessary to explore under varying conditions which ginger extract may discuss renal protection.
Constraints in Banana Cultivation as Perceived by Farmers of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Dineshkumar M. , Preetha D. Jeba , T. N. Srinatha
Published: August 2024

Banana (Musa pradisiaca) is widely grown in India and are associated with the historical, economic and social fabric of the Indian subcontinent. In the world, India ranks first in producing the largest number of bananas, with 36,614.04 (000 MT), followed by China. In India, Tamil Nadu ranks third in banana production, estimated at 4,522.62 (000 MT), accounting for 12.35 percent of the total production in this country. The research was conducted in two blocks, Theni and Chinnamanur, selecting one village from each block based on their high banana productivity. A total of 60 farmers were interviewed using a pre-tested and structured schedule. The study employed percentage analysis and Garrett’s ranking to analyze the data. Key constraints identified through percentage analysis include lack of technical guidance (93.3%), non-availability of labor (91.7%), high incidence of pests and diseases (80%), and high labor wages (80%). Garrett’s ranking revealed that, sigatoka leaf spot, high labor costs, labor scarcity, and pest and disease attacks are the top constraints faced by banana growers. Based on these findings, the study suggests prioritizing research in developing pest and disease-resistant banana varieties, enhancing farm mechanization to reduce labor dependency, improving the shelf life of bananas, exploring value addition for increased income, and developing low-cost, environment-friendly storage solutions. Additionally, promoting market-led and farmer-led extension systems can help farmers achieve better remuneration.
Long‐term acceleration of aseismic slip preceding the Mw 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake: Constraints from repeating earthquakes
Authors: Mavrommatis Andreas P. , Segall Paul , Uchida Naoki , Johnson Kaj M.
Published: October 2015

A decadal‐scale deformation transient preceding the 2011 Mw 9 Tohoku‐oki, Japan, earthquake was reported from continuous GPS data and interpreted as accelerating aseismic slip on the Japan Trench megathrust. Given the unprecedented nature of this transient, independent confirmation of accelerating slip is required. Here we show that changes in the recurrence intervals of repeating earthquakes on the Japan Trench megathrust in the period 1996 to 2011 are consistent with accelerating slip preceding the Tohoku‐oki earthquake. All sequences of repeating earthquakes with statistically significant trends in recurrence interval (at 95% confidence) offshore south central Tohoku occurred at an accelerating rate. Furthermore, estimates of the magnitude of slip acceleration from repeating earthquakes are consistent with the completely independent geodetic estimates. From a joint inversion of the GPS and seismicity data, we infer that a substantial portion of the megathrust experienced accelerating slip, partly surrounding the eventual rupture zone of the Mw 9 earthquake.
Deterministic model of earthquake clustering shows reduced stress drops for nearby aftershocks
Authors: Shaw Bruce E. , Richards‐Dinger Keith , Dieterich James H.
Published: October 2015

While a number of viable physical mechanisms have been offered to explain the temporal clustering of aftershocks, the spatial clustering of aftershocks, in particular the concentrated productivity of aftershocks very near the mainshock rupture area, has been difficult to reproduce with physical models. Here we present a new deterministic physical model capable of reproducing both the spatial and temporal clustering. We apply this new model to a longstanding puzzling question raised by ground motion observations, which suggest that nearby aftershocks show reduced ground motions relative to similar magnitude mainshocks. In the model, the physical basis for these observations is reduced stress drops for nearby aftershocks compared to similar magnitude mainshocks. These reduced stress drops are due to nearby aftershocks rerupturing incompletely healed parts of the fault which ruptured in the mainshock.
The energy‐based scaling of a thin current sheet: Case study
Authors: Sasunov Yu. L. , Khodachenko M. L. , Alexeev I. I. , Belenkaya E. S. , Gordeev E. I. , Kubyshkin I. V.
Published: October 2015

The influence of average plasma energy
on the half thickness ℓ of a thin current sheet (TCS) is investigated for three cases of TCSs crossings. The value of ℓ was estimated from the magnetic field data by means of Cluster observations. The obtained scaling values for TCSs,
, where ρT is the thermal Larmor radius, were compared with the scaling
, where
and T are the average plasma energy and the temperature of plasma, which assumes a specific dynamics (conservation of magnetic flux through the trajectory segment) of the current carriers. The comparison of
and Zμ shows a good agreement.
From Black Phosphorus to Phosphorene: Basic Solvent Exfoliation, Evolution of Raman Scattering, and Applications to Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han , Lu Shunbin , Wang Zhiteng , Tang Siying , Shao Jundong , Sun Zhengbo , Xie Hanhan , Wang Huaiyu , Yu Xue‐Feng , Chu Paul K.
Published: October 2015

Although phosphorene has attracted much attention in electronics and optoelectronics as a new type of two‐dimensional material, in‐depth investigations and applications have been limited by the current synthesis techniques. Herein, a basic N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) liquid exfoliation method is described to produce phosphorene with excellent water stability, controllable size and layer number, as well as in high yield. Phosphorene samples composed of one to four layers exhibit layer‐dependent Raman scattering characteristics thus providing a fast and efficient means for the in situ determination of the thickness (layer number) of phosphorene. The linear and nonlinear ultrafast absorption behavior of the as‐exfoliated phosphorene is investigated systematically by UV–vis–NIR absorption and Z‐scan measurements. By taking advantage of their unique nonlinear absorption, ultrashort pulse generation applicable to optical saturable absorbers is demonstrated. In addition to a unique fabrication technique, our work also reveals the large potential of phosphorene in ultrafast photonics.
Prenatal findings in cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome
Authors: Templin Ludivine , Baumann Clarisse , Busa Tiffany , Heckenroth Hélène , Pouvreau Nathalie , Toutain Annick , Cave Hélène , Verloes Alain , Sigaudy Sabine , Philip Nicole
Published: October 2015

Our study was designed to analyze prenatal manifestations in patients affected with cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome (CFCS), in order to define indications of DNA testing in utero. Prenatal features were extracted from a national database and additional data were collected from 16 families contacted through the French association of CFC‐Costello syndrome. We collected results of ultrasound scan (USS) biometrics, presence of congenital birth defects, and polyhydramnios. From the database, increased nuchal translucency was present in 13% of pregnancies, polyhydramnios in 52%, macrosomia and/or macrocephaly in 16%. Of the 16 pregnancies, 81% were complicated by abnormal USS findings. Polyhydramnios was reported in 67%. Head circumference, biparietal diameter, and abdominal circumference were above the 90th centile in 72%, 83% and, 81% of fetuses, respectively. Contrasting with macrosomia, femur length was below the 10th centile in 38%. Urinary tract abnormalities were found in 47% of fetuses. Most CFCS fetuses showed a combination of macrocephaly, macrosomia, and polyhydramnios, contrasting with relatively short femora. This growth pattern is also seen in Costello syndrome. We suggest that screening for CFCS and Costello gene mutations could be proposed in pregnancies showing this unusual pattern of growth parameters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common variants in QPCT gene confer risk of schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Khan Raja Amjad Waheed , Chen Jianhua , Shen Jiawei , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Meng , Wen Zujia , Song Zhijian , Li Wenjin , Xu Yifeng , Shi Yongyong , Yi Qizhong , Ji Weidong
Published: October 2015

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common and severe mental disorder, its etiology has not been elucidated completely. In one previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of SCZ in the Caucasian population, the QPCT has been reported as susceptible gene for SCZ. The QPCT gene encodes Glutaminyl cyclase (QC), an enzyme which is involved in the post translational modification by converting N‐terminal glutamate of protein to pyroglutamate, which is resistant to protease degradation, more hydrophobic, and prone to aggregation and neurotoxic. To further investigate the role of this gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population, we conducted this study in 1,248 (Mean age ± S.D, 36.44 years ± 9.0) SCZ cases, 1,248 (Mean age ± S.D, 30.62 years ± 11.35) healthy control samples for a case control study. We genotyped six SNPs in this study, including one positive SNP of the previous study, using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. We found that rs2373000 was significantly associated with SCZ before correction [rs2373000: P allele = 0.016, χ2 = 5.784, OR [95%CI] = 0.861 [0.762–0.972], P genotype = 0.018, χ2 = 0.069]. After permutation correction for multiple testing, rs2373000 [rs2373000: P Allele corrected = 0.063, P genotype corrected = 0.069] showed marginal association with SCZ. Additionally, one pathogenic haplotype (TGT) containing rs2373000 was also significantly associated with SCZ. Our results are consistent with the findings of previous study and the genetic risk of QPCT gene for SCZ also exists in the Han Chinese population. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deep inelastic scattering at the energy frontier
Authors: Klein Max
Published: October 2015

An introduction is given to the physics with the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC), a new generation and collider exploring the accelerator energy frontier with a prospect to the FCC‐he. The LHeC is designed to become the finest new microscope for substructure of matter worldwide exploring new physics, and the next accelerator to study the Higgs boson, which will enable the LHC to be transformed into a precision physics facility of increased value.

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Optically Active Nanostructured ZnO Films
Authors: Duan Yingying , Han Lu , Zhang Jialiang , Asahina Shunsuke , Huang Zhehao , Shi Lin , Wang Bo , Cao Yuanyuan , Yao Yuan , Ma Liguo , Wang Cui , Dukor Rina K. , Sun Lu , Jiang Chun , Tang Zhiyong , Nafie Laurence A. , Che Shunai
Published: October 2015

Inorganic nanomaterials endowed with hierarchical chirality could open new horizons in physical theory and applications because of their fascinating properties. Here, we report chiral ZnO films coated on quartz substrates with a hierarchical nanostructure ranging from atomic to micrometer scale. Three levels of hierarchical chirality exist in the ZnO films: helical ZnO crystalline structures that form primary helically coiled nanoplates, secondary helical stacking of these nanoplates, and tertiary nanoscale circinate aggregates formed by several stacked nanoplates. These films exhibited optical activity (OA) at 380 nm and in the range of 200–800 nm and created circularly polarized luminescence centered at 510 nm and Raman OA at 50–1400 cm−1, which was attributed to electronic transitions, scattering, photoluminescent emission, and Raman scattering in a dissymmetric electric field. The unprecedented strong OA could be attributed to multiple light scattering and absorption‐enhanced light harvesting in the hierarchical structures.
Ruthenium Oxidase Catalysis for Site‐Selective C–H Alkenylations with Ambient O2 as the Sole Oxidant
Authors: Bechtoldt Alexander , Tirler Carina , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Warratz Svenja , Kornhaaß Christoph , Ackermann Lutz
Published: October 2015

Ruthenium(II) oxidase catalysis by direct dioxygen‐coupled turnover enabled step‐economical oxidative CH alkenylation reactions at ambient pressure. Versatile ruthenium(II) biscarboxylate catalysts displayed ample substrate scope and proved applicable to weakly coordinating and removable directing groups. The twofold CH functionalization strategy was characterized by exceedingly mild reaction conditions as well as excellent positional selectivity.
A Phosphole Oxide Based Fluorescent Dye with Exceptional Resistance to Photobleaching: A Practical Tool for Continuous Imaging in STED Microscopy
Authors: Wang Chenguang , Fukazawa Aiko , Taki Masayasu , Sato Yoshikatsu , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: October 2015

The development of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy represented a major breakthrough in cellular and molecular biology. However, the intense laser beams required for both excitation and STED usually provoke rapid photobleaching of fluorescent molecular probes, which significantly limits the performance and practical utility of STED microscopy. We herein developed a photoresistant fluorescent dye C‐Naphox as a practical tool for STED imaging. With excitation using either a λ=405 or 488 nm laser in protic solvents, C‐Naphox exhibited an intense red/orange fluorescence (quantum yield ΦF>0.7) with a large Stokes shift (circa 5900 cm−1). Even after irradiation with a Xe lamp (300 W, λex=460 nm, full width at half maximum (FWHM)=11 nm) for 12 hours, 99.5 % of C‐Naphox remained intact. The high photoresistance of C‐Naphox allowed repeated STED imaging of HeLa cells. Even after recording 50 STED images, 83 % of the initial fluorescence intensity persisted.
Knoevenagel Adducts as Trimethylenemethane Dipole Surrogates
Authors: Vertesaljai Peter , Navaratne Primali V. , Grenning Alexander J.
Published: October 2015

Knoevenagel adducts derived from readily available acetoxyacetone and malonic acid derivatives served as trimethylenemethane surrogates for formal 1,3‐difunctionalization through a sequence of selective γ‐deprotonation/α‐alkylation and palladium(0)‐catalyzed allylic alkylation. Herein, we report the discovery and development of a three‐component 1,3‐difunctionalization of Knoevenagel adducts as well as a unique palladium(0)‐catalyzed branch‐selective allylic alkylation.
Cycloamidination of Aminoalkenes with Nitriles: Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Imidazolines and Tetrahydropyrimidines
Authors: Huang Shujian , Shao Yinlin , Zhang Lixin , Zhou Xigeng
Published: October 2015

The first catalytic cycloamidination of aminoalkenes with nitriles has been achieved by using rare‐earth complexes. This reaction is equivalent to the desired intramolecular hydroamination of alkenylamidines, and allows a new direct access to substituted 2‐imidazolines and tetrahydropyrimidines in high yields under operationally simple reaction conditions. Moreover, the methodology is also efficient for synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric bridged diimidazolines. Compared with the traditional stepwise‐mediated synthetic approaches, the present method avoids the use of additives and harsh reaction conditions, and thus leads to a completely different product distribution. Mechanistic data suggest that the reaction involves the initial NH activation by lanthanide complex followed by nitrile insertion into a LnN bond to form an amidinate lanthanide intermediate which undergoes the cyclization.
Guanidinium‐Induced Denaturation by Breaking of Salt Bridges
Authors: Meuzelaar Heleen , Panman Matthijs R. , Woutersen Sander
Published: October 2015

Despite its wide use as a denaturant, the mechanism by which guanidinium (Gdm+) induces protein unfolding remains largely unclear. Herein, we show evidence that Gdm+ can induce denaturation by disrupting salt bridges that stabilize the folded conformation. We study the Gdm+‐induced denaturation of a series of peptides containing Arg/Glu and Lys/Glu salt bridges that either stabilize or destabilize the folded conformation. The peptides containing stabilizing salt bridges are found to be denatured much more efficiently by Gdm+ than the peptides containing destabilizing salt bridges. Complementary 2D‐infrared measurements suggest a denaturation mechanism in which Gdm+ binds to side‐chain carboxylate groups involved in salt bridges.
Lewis Superacidic Ionic Liquids with Tricoordinate Borenium Cations
Authors: Coffie Sesime , Hogg James M. , Cailler Lucie , Ferrer‐Ugalde Albert , Murphy Richard W. , Holbrey John D. , Coleman Fergal , Swadźba‐Kwaśny Małgorzata
Published: October 2015

The first examples of ionic liquids based on borenium cations, [BCl2L]+, are reported. These compounds form highly Lewis acidic liquids under solvent‐free conditions. Their acidity was quantified by determining the Gutmann acceptor number (AN). Extremely high ANs were recorded (up to AN=182, δ31P=120 ppm), demonstrating that these borenium ionic liquids are the strongest Lewis superacids reported to date, with the acidity enhanced by the ionic liquid environment.
The Interaction of Water with Free Mn4O4+ Clusters: Deprotonation and Adsorption‐Induced Structural Transformations
Authors: Lang Sandra M. , Bernhardt Thorsten M. , Kiawi Denis M. , Bakker Joost M. , Barnett Robert N. , Landman Uzi
Published: October 2015

As the biological activation and oxidation of water takes place at an inorganic cluster of the stoichiometry CaMn4O5, manganese oxide is one of the materials of choice in the quest for versatile, earth‐abundant water splitting catalysts. To probe basic concepts and aid the design of artificial water‐splitting molecular catalysts, a hierarchical modeling strategy was employed that explores clusters of increasing complexity, starting from the tetramanganese oxide cluster Mn4O4+ as a molecular model system for catalyzed water activation. First‐principles calculations in conjunction with IR spectroscopy provide fundamental insight into the interaction of water with Mn4O4+, one water molecule at a time. All of the investigated complexes Mn4O4(H2O)n+ (n=1–7) contain deprotonated water with a maximum of four dissociatively bound water molecules, and they exhibit structural fluxionality upon water adsorption, inducing dimensional and structural transformations of the cluster core.