bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EQUIPARAÇÃO DO PRAZO DA LICENÇA-ADOTANTE AO PRAZO DA LICENÇA-GESTANTE
Authors: Linhares Anara Holanda
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo analisa a equidade de prazos entre as licenças-maternidade, licença-gestante e licença-adotante, para o devido cumprimento dopreceito fundamental constitucional para não discriminação entre os filhosconsanguíneos e filhos adotivos, haja vista, o instituto da adoção é uma política públicade grande importância para a inserção de crianças e adolescentes em unidadesfamiliares, bem como, a diminuição das superlotações nas casas de acolhimento. Aequiparação do prazo da licença-gestante ao prazo da licença-adotante, tanto entretrabalhadoras celetistas, servidoras federais, estaduais, distritais e municipais, para quegozem do período de licença-adotante de mesmo modo que as parturientes, pois estaigualdade formal de direito é de suma importância para além dos aspectos econômicos,sociais e culturais, pois auxilia a boa adaptação não só das adotantes, mas também dosadotados, incluindo no quadro dos adotantes não somente mulheres, mas homens ecasais homoafetivos do gênero masculino, abrangendo desta maneira, as múltiplascomposições familiares que podem realizar o instituto da adoção no Brasil. Através doSupremo Tribunal Federal foi possível a equiparação do prazo da licença-adotante como prazo da licença-gestante, através do instituto da mutação constitucional no ano de2016, sendo de forma recente a possibilidade de igual período para licença-adotantepara mulheres e ainda uma utopia para casais homoafetivos que desejam realizar oprocesso adotivo e não terão direito a licença-adotante em plena equidade.
OS PRESSUPOSTOS DO DEVIDO PROCESSO PENAL NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Sternick Daniel Prates , Reiss Michel Wencland
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho busca proporcionar uma revisão crítica acerca da origem de algumas bases conceituais e interpretativas que norteiam a atividade processual penal no intuito de oferecer um substrato epistemológico que seja capaz, ainda que minimamente, de fugir da grande inflação que vem sofrendo o direito processual penal como um todo. Para tanto, primeiramente, analisa-se o processo enquanto instrumento de tutela, haja vista que toda e qualquer finalidade meramente satisfativa, isto é, de efetivação da norma incriminadora, devem ser interpretadas secundariamente à proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana, sob pena de subversão da própria essência do processo penal. Depois, a fim de introduzir uma visão alternativa sobre seu objeto que perpasse, em todas as óticas, pela primazia dos direitos fundamentais, expõe-se uma recusa ao conceito de pretensão punitiva por trazer consigo um notório resquício autoritário e inquisitorial. Portanto, o que se pretende é a fixação de premissas necessárias para a consecução de um devido processo penal condizente com as exigências de um Estado Democrático de Direito.
The Research on Distribution of Lead-Time Demand on the Basis of Multivariate Higher-Order Markov Chain
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Liu Pingyu , Xu Xuemin , Huang Zhenni , Zhao Wenshuang , Tam Kwok Leung , Jiang Aiping
Published: October 2021

Inventory management is an important part of supply chain management: inventory shortages could result in reduced delivery speeds and response speeds while excess inventory could lead to increased inventory and operating costs. Therefore, finding ways to efficiently control inventory has become an issue companies are most concerned about. Choosing a proper inventory management method based on the lead-time demand distribution fitted from historical data has become the key criteria to solve this issue. However, it is difficult to determine the lead-time distribution based on the limited amount of historical data directly. Thus, the method this report introduces uses a multivariate higher-order Markov chain to reconstruct historical data in order to expand the amount of data used to fit the lead-time distribution of demand, which is significant for inventory management.
Modelling of S&P 500 Index Price Based on U.S. Economic Indicators: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Gasparėnienė Ligita , Remeikiene Rita , Sosidko Aleksejus , Vėbraitė Vigita
Published: October 2021

In order to forecast stock prices based on economic indicators, many studies have been conducted using well-known statistical methods. Meanwhile, since ~2010 as the power of computers improved, new methods of machine learning began to be used. It would be interesting to know how those algorithms using a variety of mathematical and statistical methods, are able to predict the stock market. The purpose of this article is to model the monthly price of the S&P 500 index based on U.S. economic indicators using statistical, machine learning, deep learning approaches and finally compare metrics of those models. After the selection of indicators according to the data visualization, multicollinearity tests, statistical significance tests, 3 out of 27 indicators remained. The main finding of the research is that the authors improved the baseline statistical linear regression model by 19 percent using a ML Random Forest algorithm. In this way, model achieved accuracy 97.68% of prediction S&P 500 index.
Solar Energy Production Forecast Using Standard Recurrent Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory, and Gated Recurrent Unit
Authors: Buturache Adrian-Nicolae , Stancu Stelian
Published: October 2021

Solar radiation is among the renewable resources on which modern society relies to partially replace the existing fossil fuel-based energy resources. Awareness of how the energy is produced must complement awareness of how it is consumed. In the economic context, the gains derive from predictability across the entire supply chain. This paper represents a compressive study on how standard recurrent neural networks, long short-term memory, and gated recurrent units can be used to forecast power production of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This approach can be used for other use cases in solar or even wind power prediction since it provides solid fundamentals for working with weather data and recurrent artificial neural networks, being the core of any smart grid management system. Few studies have explored how these models should be implemented, and even fewer have compared the outcomes of different model types. The data used consist of weather and power production data with a one-hour resolution. The data were further pre-processed to unveil the maximum information. The most effective model parameters were selected to make the forecast. Solar energy plays a key role among other renewable energy sources in the European Union’s climate action and the European Green Deal. Under these initiatives, important regulations are implemented and financial resources made available for those who possess the capabilities required to solve the open points. The much-needed predictability that gives the flexibility and robustness needed for deploying and adopting more renewable technologies can be ensured by utilizing a neural-based predictive approach.
Verstehend Übersetzen: Hermeneutics, the Pragmatics of Translation, and Specialized Texts
Authors: Stanley John Wrae
Published: October 2021

When students – even advanced students – produce low quality translations in my translation classes at the Technische Hochschule in Cologne, it is often due to a diminished awareness of what a translator’s job consists of. Due to an interest in expediency and often influenced by the idea that translation boils down to code switching, students frequently severely truncate any efforts to read and comprehend the source text; instead they often try to substitute words in the source language with those from the target language without reaching an adequate understanding of the source text. The resulting translations almost always bear painful witness to the shortcomings of these “neophyte tactics.” Teaching a hermeneutical approach to translation is one effective way to counter such neophyte tactics. Drawing upon especially Heidegger and Gadamer, I will delineate briefly my own notion of “understanding” with particular regard for use by the translator. Based upon this notion of understanding, an approach to translation will then be sketched out. This is a work in progress, and the approach has not yet rendered a clearly defined technique for translation. However, by outlining some elements of cognition that seem to be essential to the process of understanding, it does demarcate some core issues that should be addressed when devising any pragmatics of translation that is hermeneutical in nature.
Reading, Writing, and Translation in Gadamer’s Hermeneutic Philosophy
Authors: O’Keeffe Brian
Published: October 2021

Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy has become increasingly important to scholars working in the field of translation studies, and in that regard, one of the key texts is his “Lesen ist wie Übersetzen”. In the present article, I offer a close commentary of that essay, but I also suggest that it is better understood if read alongside two other essays, namely “Stimme und Sprache” and “Hören-Sehen-Lesen”. What emerges, when these three essays are put into dialogue (and into dialogue with his major work Wahrheit und Methode), are the lineaments of an interpretive philosophy that centres upon reading, writing, and translation. Yet these activities are also placed under the aegis of hearing. In analysing why it is necessary to hear words, we find ourselves contending with some of the central, and indeed long-standing questions of Western philosophy, and it is ultimately against that background, I argue, that “Lesen ist wie Übersetzen”, “Stimme und Sprache”, and “Hören-Sehen- Lesen” gain their truest significance.
Ansätze zur Untersuchung des Verstehens beim Dolmetschen und Übersetzen
Authors: Hauptmann Katharina
Published: October 2021

This article is designed to contribute to the discussion of methodology in translation research. It deals with an attempt made to apply the phenomenological method to the process of understanding in translation and interpreting. The article begins with an overview of some of the literature on the hermeneutical approach as taken in interpreting and translation studies. The focus is on the notion of understanding, and the author discusses introspective methods employed to try to access processes of understanding, and she also introduces and discusses the phenomenological method. The latter was used for the research originally carried out as part of the author’s master’s thesis. The observations made here serve as a basis for discussing the value of the phenomenological method. The article concludes with a call for more openness regarding research methods.
Cardiovascular diseases and complication in COVID-19
Authors: Pavlović Siniša
Published: October 2021

From the late fall of 2019 until the beginning of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 infection is becoming the biggest global challenge of health systems worldwide. Characteristic of the encounter with the disease caused by COVID-19 was a certain wandering in the mechanisms of action of the virus, its consequences, and thus in therapy. Various manifestations of the disease confirm the assumption that it is a systemic infection with the respiratory system as an entry route. We were also faced with the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has great implications for the cardiovascular system. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors, including male gender, advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, as well as patients with established cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, have been identified as particularly susceptible populations with increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The effects on the cardiovascular system are reminiscent of other diseases caused by this group of viruses. There are biochemical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic confirmations of functional disorders. It is basically an immune response caused by tissue inflammation, which results in prothrombogenicity as the dominant and biggest problem, coupled with the highest risk of a possible bad outcome. Being a systemic disease with numerous and different repercussions on the cardiovascular system, COVID-19 can lead to the appearance of all cardiovascular diseases that the patient did not have before, or to a significant worsening of the existing cardiovascular disease. The condition after the disease in most cases also means recovery, but great caution is needed due to possible time-distant complications. Since there is a high risk of death in the end, it is necessary to apply all available measures, especially in the field of prevention of thromboembolic complications, as a factor of the greatest risk of a bad outcome.
SARS-CoV-2 immunity and an overview of the COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Marković Miloš
Published: October 2021

The remarkable development of a large number of vaccines against COVID-19 in a very short period of time represents one of the greatest successes of medicine and science in history, and mass vaccination at the global level will be crucial for prevention and mitigation of COVID-19. However, there are still numerous open questions about the vaccines, and the protection they provide, and answers to those questions will not only help to control this pandemic, but they will also prepare us to react better in case of future outbreaks. This review will present the latest findings on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and give an update on COVID-19 immunity. It will also provide an overview of the most important vaccines against COVID-19, especially those available in Serbia, with an emphasis on their immunogenicity, efficacy and safety, as well as the platforms used for their development. In addition, a special attention will be given to open issues related to immunization against COVID-19, such as the duration of post-vaccination immunity, the degree of protection against new virus variants and the need for booster doses and mixing and matching of different COVID-19 vaccines.
The memorandum of association in the light of the provisions on contracts of the Hungarian Civil Code
Authors: Mohai Máté
Published: October 2021

The new Hungarian Civil Code regulates the memorandums of association of companies in its Third Book, while the Sixth Book contains the provisions of (other?) contracts. The memorandum of association is quite different from typical civil law contracts. Its most characteristic feature is that it establishes a legal entity. In most cases, the regulation of the memorandum of association is different from the provisions on contracts set out in the Civil Code, and there is no provision in the law according to which the latter should also be applied to the memorandum of association. But should they?
The private security and the uniform system of cross-border (security) of transport of cash between Euro-area Member States
Authors: Stajić Ljubomir , Mandić Goran , Radivojević Nenad
Published: October 2021

With the creation of the European Union (EU), the signing of the Maastricht Agreement, the introduction of the single market and freedom of movement of labor and the introduction of the Euro as a common currency, the problem of cross-border road transport of cash and valuables between eurozone members arose. This is because almost all EU member states had more or less different solutions and practices for this type of transport. The EU tried to solve the problem by adopting Regulation No. 1214/2011 on professional cross-border road transport of cash between Euro-area Member States. The mentioned Regulation successfully solved many problems related to this issue, such as: issuance of appropriate permits (licences), maximum duration of delivery, rights and obligations of teams, necessary knowledge and skills of security staff, carrying weapons in the host country, type and equipment of vehicles, mutual information, etc. Although the intention was to establish a unified system of cross-border money transport, in addition to significant progress in the functioning of private security, it can be said that because some countries have retained their specifics, a unified system with the same rules has not been fully established. The paper presents and deals with the advantages and disadvantages of a single system (securing) of cross - border transport of cash under the said Regulation. The Republic of Serbia, as a country on the path to EU membership, has a special interest in getting to know and preparing in time for the harmonization of its legal solutions and practices which regulate the mentioned area (activity) of private security.
First minister (prime minister) of the Fifth French Republic: Between the significant constitutional position and the prevailing practice in the shadow of the head of state
Authors: Rapajić Milan
Published: October 2021

One of the characteristics of the system of government in the Fifth French Republic is the strengthened position of the head of state, but also the existence of the first minister as a constitutional category with a significant role. The constitution provides the political responsibility of the government with the Prime Minister and ministers before parliament. Certain French writers have opinion that the Prime Minister appears as the central figure of the constitutional structure. The Prime Minister shall direct the actions of the Government. This is 21 of Constitution. Also, there are specific powers that put the Prime Minister in the position of its real head of government. Among the prime minister's most important powers is his right to elect members of the government. It is the right to propose to the President of the Republic the appointment but also the dismissal of members of the government. The Prime Minister is authorized to re-sign certain acts of the President of the Republic. In case of temporary impediment of the head of state, the Prime Minister chairs the councils and committees for national defense, as well as the Council of Ministers. The paper analyzes the constitutional provisions that lead to the conclusion that the position of the Prime Minister is institutionally constructed as strong. Political practice, with the exception of periods of cohabitation, has indicated that most prime ministers have been overshadowed by mostly powerful heads of state. For that reason, it is necessary to analyze the political practice of all eight presidential governments. A review of the already long political life that has lasted since 1958. points to the conclusion that in its longest period, presidents of the Republic dominated the public political scene. The Prime Minister has a more pronounced role in the executive branch during cohabitation periods. However, nine years in three cohabitations cannot change the central conclusion of this paper that the dominant political practice of the Fifth Republic has led to the Prime Minister being essentially in the shadow of the head of state.
Single Vibroacoustic Impact Effect of Singing Bowls over the Psycho-Emotional State and Cardiovascular System Work
Authors: Oguy Victor O. , Bykov Evgeniy , Litvichenko Evgeniy
Published: October 2021

This article presents a two-stage study result of the author's method of vibroacoustic massage using singing bowls application. At the first stage, the effect of vibroacoustic massage single application over psycho-emotional characteristics was studied. 19 studied volunteers took part in our study. The testing results before and after exposures were compared according to the WAM (Weighted average mark), Zung, and Spielberg-Khanin tests. The study of the psycho-emotional sphere showed that after the vibroacoustic massage procedure, the indicators of "well-being" and "activity" of the WAM test significantly improved (p = 0.002). In addition, the depression level determined by the Zung test, personal anxiety indicators (p = 0.004), and situational anxiety ones (p = 0.028) decreased. At the second stage, 62 volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group underwent a vibroacoustic massage session according to the patented author's method. The second group received only acoustic exposure using only singing bowls. Differences in the Kerdo index were revealed in the dynamics, and in the first group, the changes were less significant than in the second one. Changes in heart rate variability characteristics for both groups were similar: there was an increase in parasympathetic influences at rest and during the orthostatic test (increased levels of RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences), NN50, pNN50) and a decrease in sympathetic effects at rest and their slight increase with orthostatic loading (TINN, RR triangular index). The dynamics were more significant in the first group that received a vibroacoustic massage session. When assessing changes in the neurovegetative regulation levels activity of the heart rhythm, the main difference was associated with very low-frequency waves power dynamics during the orthostatic test. Thus, vibroacoustic massage using singing bowls improves the psycho-emotional state, reduces depression and anxiety, and increases Parasympaticus (autonomic nervous system) activity.
Soft-tissue osteoma of the temple
Authors: Roh Si-Gyun , Kim Yun-Seob , Kim Jong-Lim , Shin Jin-Yong , Lee Nae-Ho
Published: October 2021

A 65-year-old woman presented with a solid mass on the right temporal area. The mass had grown for over 2 years without any initiating event of trauma or inflammation. Before excision, the patient went through a computed tomography scan, revealing a calcified mass without bony connection. Under general anesthesia, an excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination confirmed a diagnosis of soft tissue osteoma. Soft tissue osteoma is rare, especially in the head and neck region. Osteomas in the temporal region have not been reported yet. Due to its rarity, osteoma might be misdiagnosed as another soft tissue or bone origin tumor. Its treatment of choice is simple excision. In this review, we present an unusual clinical form of soft tissue osteoma.
Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the face in an Asian patient
Authors: Lee Sam Yong , Kim Woo Hyeong , Choi Jun Ho , Kim Kwang Seog , Hwang Jae Ha
Published: October 2021

Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL) is an uncommon type of malignant lymphoma that mainly occurs in the trunk and upper extremity, with less frequent incidence observed on the head. Herein, we report the early diagnosis and treatment of a rare case of facial PCMZL in an Asian patient. A 51-year-old man presented with masses on the forehead and nose tip, which he had incidentally discovered 2 months previously. The masses appeared as a papule on the forehead and a patch on the nose. There were no signs of infection or bleeding, and the patient reported no other symptoms. After complete surgical excision, PCMZL was diagnosed based on the permanent biopsy. The histopathological findings revealed lymphoid aggregations with multifocal granulomas. Further treatment and follow-up were conducted at the hematology and oncology department. Despite its rarity in Asian populations, cutaneous lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of facial masses. Early diagnosis and treatment based on a physical examination, imaging study, and excisional biopsy are important for a favorable prognosis.
Jaunās paaudzes šķiedru optisko pastiprinātāju izpēte un novērtējums blīvētās sakaru sistēmās
Authors: Ģēģere Lilita
Published: October 2021

Pēdējo gadu laikā notiek strauja informācijas tehnoloģiju nozares attīstība un novērojams straujš pārraidāmās informācijas apjoma palielinājums. Pieaug pieprasījums pēc lielākām telekomunikāciju tīkla kapacitātēm, tāpēc ir nepieciešams palielināt kanālu skaitu un pārraides ātrumu viļņgarumdales blīvētajās pārraides sistēmās. Ir nepieciešams meklēt jaunus pastiprināšanas risinājumus, kas ļautu paplašināt pastiprinājuma spektru un palielināt sasniedzamo optiskā signāla pastiprinājumu. Promocijas darbā ir veikts pētījums par EDFA, Ramana, FOPA un kombinēto optisko pastiprinātāju izmantošanu viļņgarumdales blīvēšanas sistēmās. Darbā īpašs uzsvars ir likts uz erbija un iterbija leģējuma šķiedras ar apvalka pumpēšanas tehnoloģijas optiskā pastiprinātāja datormodeļa pētījumu.
Research on Next Generation Fiber Optical Amplifiers and Their Evaluation in Dense Communication Systems
Authors: Ģēģere Lilita
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the information technology sector has developed rapidly and there has been a rapid increase in the amount of information transmitted. The demand for larger telecommunication network capacities is growing, therefore it is necessary to increase the number of channels and transmission speed in wavelength division multiplexed transmission systems. Various optical amplifiers can be used to compensate for the attenuation of the accumulated signal (over a wide wavelength range). The Doctoral Thesis did research on the use of EDFA, Raman, FOPA and combined optical amplifiers in wavelength division multiplexing systems. In the work, special emphasis is placed on erbium and ytterbium alloy fibers with the study of computer modeling of optical amplifiers in cladding pumping technology.
COMPUTER MODELING OF STENT DEPLOYMENT AND PLAQUE PROGRESSION IN THE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Filipović Nenad , Isailović Velibor , Milosević Žarko , Nikolić Dalibor , Saveljić Igor , Đukić Tijana , Nikolić Milica , Cirković-Anđelković Bojana , Themis Exarchos , Fotiadis Dimitris , Pelosi Gualtiero , Parodi Oberdan
Published: October 2021

In this study stent deployment modeling with plaque formation and pro- gression for specific patient in the coronary arteries are described. State of the art method for the reported investigations of blood flow in the stented arteries is described. In the met- hod section, image segmentation method for arteries with stent is shortly described. Blood flow simulation is described with Navier-Stokes and continuity equation. Blood vessel tis- sue is modeled with nonlinear viscoelastic material properties. The coupling of fluid dynamics and solute dynamics at the endothelium was achieved by the Kedem-Katchalsky equations. The inflammatory process is modeled using three additional reaction-diffusion partial differential equations. Coupled method with mixed finite element and DPD (Dissi- pative Particle Dynamics) method is presented. In the results section, the examples with rigid and deformable arterial wall with stented and unstented arteries are presented. Effecti- ve stress analysis results for stent deployment have been shown. It can be seen that stent reduces wall shear stress significantly after deployment which is caused by opening the artery and reducing the narrowing. Some results for stent deployment model obtained with solver developed under PAK software package. These computer models can make better understanding and preparation of the surgeons for stent deployment in everyday clinical practice.
GENETIC MODEL OF LJUBIJA BRANDS DEPOSITS − RAW MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF MINERAL PIGMENTS
Authors: Milošević Aleksej , Cvijić Ranko , Čelebić Miodrag , Kovačević Žarko
Published: October 2021

Specific characteristics of iron ore deposits in Ljubija ore region are given by pelitoid iron ores (,,brand“) which occupy a substantial part of iron mineral resources, on which industrial production of natural iron oxide – pigments depends. This particular technology type of iron ore deposits, until recently was waste from mining production, and now when it is possible to implement new technological processes, that waste became an important commercial product. This paper presents the results of detailed geological research which lasted for a few years, as well as laboratory and tehnological tests. It presents the new data on the metallogenetic characteristics of the environment where iron oxides originate as a raw material for mineral pigments. In this paper, we answered and resolved dilemma about brand identity in adequate genetic iron types in Ljubija mining regions, about their specificity as well as the ore formations and geohistorical development. Through the technological characterization of the ore and its domain of application, we provide the basis for economic evaluation of the deposits of this very important mineral resource.
CLIMATE CHANGES AND RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Milosavljević Dragana D. , Pavlović Tomislav M. , Mirjanić Dragoljub Lj. , Divnić Darko , Grozdanović Miroljub D.
Published: October 2021

This paper outlines the basic information on climate characteristics, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and the observed climate changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Special attention was paid to the possibilities of using renewable energy sources (RES) and their impact on the environment. In addition, the paper describes three GHG emissions reduction scenarios by 2025 in BiH and gives some information about RES legislation and feed-in tariffs in BiH. The paper points out that in order to establish the ecological balance and sustainable development of mankind, it is necessary to make greater use of renewable energy sources, as well as that renewable energy contributes to the reduction of the GHG emissions, reduction of the fossil fuels use, development of local industries and creation of new jobs.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE SURFACE DIELECTRIC AND PHOTODIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BY ADDING EMODIN
Authors: Škipina Blanka , Kukrić Zoran , Milošević Mirjana , Luyt Adriaan S. , Dudić Duško
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we report surface dielectric and photodielectric properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/Emodin composite. Emodin was extracted from Fallopia japonica plant. The composite was obtained from the xylene solution. Dielectric measurements were performed in the frequency range from 240 Hz to 4 kHz and the temperature range from 20 °C – 70 °C. Irradiations of the sample were applied before and during measurement with selected wavelengths from UV to the visible range. Surface dielectric conductance and susceptance of the LDPE/Emodin composite is higher then value of conductance and susceptance of pure LDPE. We found an increase, by one order of magnitude, in conductance and susceptance of the LDPE/Emodin composite with increase of measurement frequency. Furthermore, the surface conductance and susceptance increase due to UV radiation in mentioned temperature range, but during visible radiation at frequency 1 kHz (except in the case green LED lamp) we observed the enhance of conductance only at temperature range up to 50 °C.
From Colony to Camp, From Camp to Colony: First World War Captivity in Ahmed Ben Mostapha, goumier by Mohammed Bencherif
Authors: Branach-Kallas Anna
Published: October 2021

This article offers an analysis of the representation of captivity in Ahmed Ben Mostapha, goumier. The novel, published by Algerian writer Mohammed Bencherif in 1920, was partly inspired by his own experience as a prisoner of war during the First World War. Relying on historical, sociological and anthropological sources, the article focuses on the protagonist’s experience as a POW in German camps and in Switzerland. It also proposes a metaphorical interpretation of captivity in the colonial context, reading Ben Mostapha as a “conscript of modernity,” conditioned by French republican ideals. Fi- nally, it examines thought-provoking analogies between colony and camp in Bencherif’s novel.
Evolving interpretable plasticity for spiking networks
Authors: Jordan Jakob , Schmidt Maximilian , Senn Walter , Petrovici Mihai A
Published: October 2021

Continuous adaptation allows survival in an ever-changing world. Adjustments in the synaptic coupling strength between neurons are essential for this capability, setting us apart from simpler, hard-wired organisms. How these changes can be mathematically described at the phenomenological level, as so-called ‘plasticity rules’, is essential both for understanding biological information processing and for developing cognitively performant artificial systems. We suggest an automated approach for discovering biophysically plausible plasticity rules based on the definition of task families, associated performance measures and biophysical constraints. By evolving compact symbolic expressions, we ensure the discovered plasticity rules are amenable to intuitive understanding, fundamental for successful communication and human-guided generalization. We successfully apply our approach to typical learning scenarios and discover previously unknown mechanisms for learning efficiently from rewards, recover efficient gradient-descent methods for learning from target signals, and uncover various functionally equivalent STDP-like rules with tuned homeostatic mechanisms.
Genetically engineered mice for combinatorial cardiovascular optobiology
Authors: Lee Frank K , Lee Jane C , Shui Bo , Reining Shaun , Jibilian Megan , Small David M , Jones Jason S , Allan-Rahill Nathaniel H , Lamont Michael RE , Rizzo Megan A , Tajada Sendoa , Navedo Manuel F , Santana Luis Fernando , Nishimura Nozomi , Kotlikoff Michael I
Published: October 2021

Optogenetic effectors and sensors provide a novel real-time window into complex physiological processes, enabling determination of molecular signaling processes within functioning cellular networks. However, the combination of these optical tools in mice is made practical by construction of genetic lines that are optically compatible and genetically tractable. We present a new toolbox of 21 mouse lines with lineage-specific expression of optogenetic effectors and sensors for direct biallelic combination, avoiding the multiallelic requirement of Cre recombinase -mediated DNA recombination, focusing on models relevant for cardiovascular biology. Optogenetic effectors (11 lines) or Ca2+ sensors (10 lines) were selectively expressed in cardiac pacemaker cells, cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, alveolar epithelial cells, lymphocytes, glia, and other cell types. Optogenetic effector and sensor function was demonstrated in numerous tissues. Arterial/arteriolar tone was modulated by optical activation of the second messengers InsP3 (optoα1AR) and cAMP (optoß2AR), or Ca2+-permeant membrane channels (CatCh2) in smooth muscle (Acta2) and endothelium (Cdh5). Cardiac activation was separately controlled through activation of nodal/conducting cells or cardiac myocytes. We demonstrate combined effector and sensor function in biallelic mouse crosses: optical cardiac pacing and simultaneous cardiomyocyte Ca2+ imaging in Hcn4BAC-CatCh2/Myh6-GCaMP8 crosses. These experiments highlight the potential of these mice to explore cellular signaling in vivo, in complex tissue networks.
Phagocytic ‘teeth’ and myosin-II ‘jaw’ power target constriction during phagocytosis
Authors: Vorselen Daan , Barger Sarah R , Wang Yifan , Cai Wei , Theriot Julie A , Gauthier Nils C , Krendel Mira
Published: October 2021

Phagocytosis requires rapid actin reorganization and spatially controlled force generation to ingest targets ranging from pathogens to apoptotic cells. How actomyosin activity directs membrane extensions to engulf such diverse targets remains unclear. Here, we combine lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) with microparticle traction force microscopy (MP-TFM) to quantify actin dynamics and subcellular forces during macrophage phagocytosis. We show that spatially localized forces leading to target constriction are prominent during phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. This constriction is largely driven by Arp2/3-mediated assembly of discrete actin protrusions containing myosin 1e and 1f (‘teeth’) that appear to be interconnected in a ring-like organization. Contractile myosin-II activity contributes to late-stage phagocytic force generation and progression, supporting a specific role in phagocytic cup closure. Observations of partial target eating attempts and sudden target release via a popping mechanism suggest that constriction may be critical for resolving complex in vivo target encounters. Overall, our findings present a phagocytic cup shaping mechanism that is distinct from cytoskeletal remodeling in 2D cell motility and may contribute to mechanosensing and phagocytic plasticity.
The morphology and internal structure of dogwood (Cornus L.) endocarps in the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus
Authors: Morozowska Maria , Woźnicka Agata , Nowińska Renata
Published: October 2021

The genus Cornus is known for its complicated taxonomy and extreme polymorphism. Currently, dogwoods are classified into four morphological groups reflected in four phylogenetic clades: blue- or white-fruited dogwoods (BW), cornelian cherries (CC), big-bracted dogwoods (BB), and dwarf dogwoods (DW). The present study is a continuation of a series of papers that started with the examination of the endocarp morphological diversity among BW species. The endocarps of 22 Cornus species were studied according to their morphology, internal structure, and sculpture; the aim was to evaluate the taxonomic importance of the examined characters and check whether endocarp differentiation supports the published phylogenies, according to which the relationships within the genus are indicated as (BW(CC(DW-BB))). Among the quantitative characters, the endocarp’s length, thickness, and width, its length/width ratio, and the number of vascular bundles on its surface were considered taxonomically important. Regarding the qualitative characters, the taxonomic significance of the stone shape, the endocarp apex and base outline, the position of vascular bundles on the endocarp surface, and the presence of the apical cavity and distinct furrow on the endocarp side walls was proved. Additionally, the uniform qualitative characters having a 100% share of a given character state were identified. Cornelian cherries and dwarf dogwoods were characterised by the presence of four uniform characters. In the big-bracted group, two uniform characters were found. Blue- or white-fruited species were the most heterogeneous, with no uniform characters. Regarding the endocarp’s internal structure, the presence of secretory cavities in the endocarp wall and in the septa, the presence of crystals in the outer endocarp, the number of cell layers in the transition sclereid zone, and the primary and secondary sculptures were found to be taxonomically significant. Additionally, the comparative analyses of dogwood endocarps found the following parameters to be useful: the germination valve thickness, the ratio of endocarp wall thickness to endocarp diameter, and the septum’s width and structure. Due to the great differentiation of the examined characters, it was difficult to verify the research hypothesis unambiguously. The calculated similarity coefficients of the endocarps’ qualitative and quantitative characters revealed the highest morphological similarity of endocarps between DW and BB groups, supporting the phylogenetic relationships based on molecular evidence. The number of vascular bundles on the endocarp surface was the character that supported this similarity the most. The similarity coefficients calculated separately for qualitative characters showed the closest similarity between groups CC-DW. However, these results do not directly reflect any of the published phylogenies.
Wild gut microbiomes reveal individuals, species, and location as drivers of variation in two critically endangered Hawaiian honeycreepers
Authors: Costantini Maria S. , Medeiros Matthew C.I. , Crampton Lisa H. , Reed Floyd A.
Published: October 2021

Background

The gut microbiome of animals is an important component that has strong influence on the health, fitness, and behavior of its host. Most research in the microbiome field has focused on human populations and commercially important species. However, researchers are now considering the link between endangered species conservation and the microbiome. In Hawaiʻi, several threats (e.g., avian malaria and habitat loss) have caused widespread population declines of Hawaiian honeycreepers (subfamily: Carduelinae). These threats can have a significant effect on the avian gut microbiome and may even lead to disruption of microbial function. However, the gut microbiome of honeycreeper in the wild has yet to be explored.

Methods

We collected 13 and 42 fecal samples, respectively, from two critically endangered honeycreeper species, the ʻakikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and the ʻakekeʻe (Loxops caeruleirostris). The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and processed though a MOTHUR-based bioinformatics pipeline. Bacterial ASVs were identified using the DADA2 program and bacterial community analyses, including alpha and beta diversity measures, were conducted using R packages Phyloseq and vegan.

Results

A total of 8,958 bacterial ASVs were identified from the fecal samples. Intraspecific differences in the gut microbiome among individual birds explained most of the variation present in the dataset, however differences between species did exist. Both species had distinct microbiomes with minimal overlap in beta diversity. ‘Akikiki had a more diverse microbiome compared to ‘akekeʻe. Additionally, small but stastically significant differences in beta diversity also exist between sampling location and sexes in ʻakikiki.

Conclusion

ʻAkikiki and ʻakekeʻe are currently the focus of captive breeding efforts and plans to translocate the two species to other islands are underway. This baseline knowledge will help inform management decisions for these honeycreeper species in their native habitats, on other islands, and in captivity.
The inconsistent microbiota of Budu, the Malaysian fermented anchovy sauce, revealed through 16S amplicon sequencing
Authors: Md Zoqratt Muhammad Zarul Hanifah , Gan Han Ming
Published: October 2021

Budu is a Malaysian fermented anchovy sauce produced by immersing small fishes into a brine solution for 6 to 18 months. Microbial enzymes are known to contribute to fermentation; however, not much is known about the microbial community in Budu. Therefore, a better understanding of the Budu microbiome is necessary to improve the quality, consistency, and safety of the Budu products.

In this study, we collected 60 samples from 20 bottles of Budu produced by seven manufacturers. We analyzed their microbiota using V3–V4 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing when we first opened the bottle (month 0), as well as 3 and 7 months post-opening (months 3 and 7). Tetragenococcus was the dominant genus in many samples, reaching a maximum proportion of 98.62%, but was found in low abundance, or absent, in other samples. When Budu samples were not dominated by a dominant taxa, we observed a wider genera diversity such as Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Halanaerobium and Bacillus. While the taxonomic composition was relatively stable across sampling periods, samples from two brands showed a sudden increase in relative abundance of the genus Chromobacterium at month 7. Based on prediction of metagenome functions, non-Tetragenococcus-dominated samples were predicted to have enriched functional pathways related to amino acid metabolism and purine metabolism compared to Tetragenococcus-dominated samples; these two pathways are fundamental to fermentation quality and health attributes of fish sauce. Among the non-Tetragenococcus-dominated samples, contributions towards amino acid metabolism and purine metabolism were biased towards the dominant taxa when species evenness is low, while in samples with higher species evenness, the contributions towards the two pathways were predicted to be evenly distributed between taxa. Our results demonstrated that the utility of 16S sequencing to assess batch variation in fermented food production. The distinct microbiota was shown to correlate with characteristic metagenome function including functions potentially related to fermented food nutrition and quality.
fLPS 2.0: rapid annotation of compositionally-biased regions in biological sequences
Authors: Harrison Paul M.
Published: October 2021

Compositionally-biased (CB) regions in biological sequences are enriched for a subset of sequence residue types. These can be shorter regions with a concentrated bias (i.e., those termed ‘low-complexity’), or longer regions that have a compositional skew. These regions comprise a prominent class of the uncharacterized ‘dark matter’ of the protein universe. Here, I report the latest version of the fLPS package for the annotation of CB regions, which includes added consideration of DNA sequences, to label the eight possible biased regions of DNA. In this version, the user is now able to restrict analysis to a specified subset of residue types, and also to filter for previously annotated domains to enable detection of discontinuous CB regions. A ‘thorough’ option has been added which enables the labelling of subtler biases, typically made from a skew for several residue types. In the output, protein CB regions are now labelled with bias classes reflecting the physico-chemical character of the biasing residues. The fLPS 2.0 package is available from: https://github.com/pmharrison/flps2 or in a Supplemental File of this paper.
Using historical dip net data to infer absence of flatwoods salamanders in stochastic environments
Authors: Brooks George C. , Haas Carola A.
Published: October 2021

Local extinction and undetected presence are two very different biological phenomena, but they can be challenging to differentiate. Stochastic environments hamper the development of standardized monitoring schemes for wildlife, and make it more challenging to plan and evaluate the success of conservation efforts. To avoid reintroductions of species at risk that could jeopardize extant populations, managers attempting translocation events require a higher level of confidence that a failure to confirm presence represents a true absence. For many pond breeding amphibians, monitoring of the breeding population occurs indirectly through larval surveys. Larval development and successful recruitment only occurs after a sequence of appropriate environmental conditions, thus it is possible for a breeding population of adults to exist at a site but for detectability of the species to be functionally zero. We investigate how annual variability in detection influences long-term monitoring efforts of Reticulated Flatwoods Salamanders (Ambystoma bishopi) breeding in 29 wetlands in Florida. Using 8 years of historic dip net data, we simulate plausible monitoring scenarios that incorporate environmental stochasticity into estimates of detection probability. We found that annual variation in environmental conditions precluded a high degree of certainty in predicting site status for low-intensity monitoring schemes. Uncertainty was partly alleviated by increasing survey effort, but even at the highest level of sampling intensity assessed, multiple years of monitoring are required to confidently determine presence/absence at a site. Combined with assessments of habitat quality and landscape connectivity, our results can be used to identify sites suitable for reintroduction efforts. Our methodologies can be generally applied to increase the effectiveness of surveys for diverse organisms for which annual variability in detectability is known.
Artisans Regeneration Model: Culture Sustainability Effort for Creativity and Indigenous Skill
Authors: Nurcahyanti Desy , Sachari Agus , Destiarmand Achmad Haldani , Sunarya Yan Yan
Published: October 2021

This study aims at the formulation of a regeneration model for traditional artisans in Indonesia. The model is expected to be a solution for the degeneration problem, the declining interest of the younger generation to learn and to continue tradition art business, mainly batik. The research was conducted specifically on the community of batik artisans in Girilayu, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This study is a qualitative one using ethnographic approach method to collect the data. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was used to design and to formulate the alternatives and to determine the right model. Furthermore, the formulation of the model was implemented and analyzed for the effectiveness as well as the impact that may occur. This study formulates a model for the regeneration of batik artisans in Indonesia. This study found some regeneration gaps in the form of inconsistency in sustainable activities of batik artisans’ generation which has caused the degeneration.