bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Thioxo‐1,3‐thiazepan‐4‐ones, a Novel Class of Cyclic Dithiourethanes with a 7‐Membered Ring System.
Authors: Hanefeld Wolfgang , Schuetz Harald
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Cyclobutyl‐3‐ferrocenylcyclopropene and 3‐Cyclobutylidene‐3‐ferrocenylpropyne. Synthesis and Chemical Properties.
Authors: Klimova E. I. , Martinez Garcia M. , Klimova T. , Ruiz Ramirez L. , Meleshonkova N. N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ajugin E (I) and F (II): Two Withanolides from Ajuga parviflora
Authors: Nawaz Hafiz Rub , Malik Abdul , Khan Pir Mohammad , Ahmed Saeed
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On Steroids. Part 406. Coupling of Steroid O‐(Carboxymethyl)oxime Derivatives with Single‐Protected α,ω‐Diaminoalkanes.
Authors: Pouzar Vladimir , Cerny Ivan , Drasar Pavel
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New System for Peptide Synthesis Using N‐Acylpyrazoles.
Authors: Kashima Choji , Tsuruoka Shiro , Mizuhara Saori
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glypetelotine, a Sulfur‐Containing Indole Alkaloid from Glycosmis petelotii.
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Manh , Taylor Walter C. , Sung Tran Van
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Carboline Alkaloids from Hedyotis capitellata.
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Minh , Sung Tran Van , Porzel Andrea , Schmidt Juergen , Merzweiler Kurt , Adam Guenter
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Megistosarcimine and Megistosarconine, Two Alkaloids from Sarcomelicope megistophylla.
Authors: Fokialakis Nikolas , Mitaku Sofia , Mikros Emmanuel , Skaltsounis Alexios‐Leandros , Tillequin Francois , Sevenet Thierry
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐covalent Complexes Between DNA‐Binding Drugs and Double‐Stranded Oligodeoxynucleotides: A Study by ESI Ion‐Trap Mass Spectrometry.
Authors: Wan Katty X. , Shibue Toshimichi , Gross Michael L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Methyl Coumarins and a new Phenol from Nassauvia pyramidalis and N. digitata.
Authors: Hoeneisen M. , Hernandez V. , Becerra J. , Silva M. , Bittner M. , Jakupovic J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Microbial Chemistry. Part 32. Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Hongoquercin A, an Antibacterial Sesquiterpene‐Substituted Orsellinic Acid Isolated as a Fungal Metabolite.
Authors: Tsujimori Hisayuki , Bando Masahiko , Mori Kenji
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Semisynthetic Derivatives of Madurahyroxylactone and Their Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Heinisch Lothar , Roemer Ernst , Juetten Peter , Haas Wolfgang , Werner Walter , Moellmann Ute
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Phoenicol, Ferrugineol, and Cruentol (VIa)—(VIc), Aggregation Pheromones of Rhynchophorus spp.
Authors: Odriozola Jose M. , Garcia Jesus M. , Gonzalez Alberto , Gil Pilar
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Reagent‐Based and Product‐Based Strategies in the Design of Combinatorial Library Subsets.
Authors: Jamois Eric A. , Hassan Moises , Waldman Marvin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Quantitative Structure—Property Relationship Model for Estimating Normal Boiling Points of Small Multifunctional Organic Molecules.
Authors: Stanton David T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Topological Organic Chemistry. Part 12. Whole‐Molecule Schultz Topological Indices of Alkanes.
Authors: Schultz Harry P. , Schultz Tor P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pharmacophore Fingerprinting. Part 2. Application to Primary Library Design.
Authors: McGregor Malcolm J. , Muskal Steven M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discrimination and Molecular Design of New Theoretical Hypolipaemic Agents Using the Molecular Connectivity Functions.
Authors: Cercos‐del‐Pozo Rosa Ana , Perez‐Gimenez Facundo , Salabert‐Salvador M. Teresa , Garcia‐March Francisco J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Incorporation of Cationic Indium Species into Zeolite Beta by Template‐Induced Reductive Solid‐State Ion Exchange.
Authors: Neinska Yanka , Mihalyi R. Magdolna , Mavrodinova Vesselina , Minchev Christo , Beyer Hermann K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monolayer‐Protected Cluster Molecules
Authors: Templeton Allen C. , Wuelfing W. Peter , Murray Royce W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Solid‐Supported Organic Synthesis Methods, 1998 to 1999
Authors: Nuss John M. , Renhowe Paul A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis for Process Research
Authors: Senanayake Chris H. , Krishnamurthy Dhileepkumar
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypercoordination in Organotin Chemistry: A Novel O,C,O‐Coordinating Ligand
Authors: Mehring Michael , Low Christian , Vrasidas Ioannis , Schurmann Markus , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trichlorosilylation of Trialkylgermanium and ‐Tin Moieties to Unexpected Heteroneopentanes
Authors: Du Mont Wolf‐W. , Muller Lars , Ruthe Frank
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Organotrialkynyltins: Preparation by Transmetalation of Tetraalkynyltins with Grignard Reagents and Transformation into Organotin Oxides, Alkoxides and Oxocarboxylates
Authors: Jaumier Pascale , Jousseaume Bernard , Lahcini Mohamed
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Development of Novel Anticancer Drug Capecitabine
Authors: Ishitsuka Hideo , Shimma Nobuo , Horii Ikuo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition States for Surface‐Catalyzed Chemistry
Authors: Gellman Andrew J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Monoterpene Glycoside Esters and Phenolic Constituents of Paeoniae Radix, and Increase of Water Solubility of Proanthocyanidins in the Presence of Paeoniflorin.
Authors: Tanaka Takashi , Kataoka Maki , Tsuboi Nagisa , Kouno Isao
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Diversity Combinatorial Libraries
Authors: Weber Lutz
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reptilian Chemistry: Enantioselective Syntheses of Novel Components from a Crocodile Exocrine Secretion.
Authors: Yang Zhicai , Attygalle Athula B. , Meinwald Jerrold
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Beta‐blocker Utilization and Outcomes in Patients Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Voigt Andrew , Shalaby Alaa , Adelstein Evan , Saba Samir
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Optimal pharmacologic therapy (OPT) is considered a prerequisite to consideration for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).

Hypothesis

Medications such as beta‐blockers (BB) with demonstrated benefit in heart failure (HF) are being under utilized in patients receiving CRT.

Methods

Consecutive patients receiving a CRT‐capable defibrillator in 2004 at a tertiary care center for standard indications were studied. Clinical data and medications upon hospital discharge were recorded. Patients were followed for endpoints of death or transplantation.

Results

Of 177 patients receiving a CRT device, 129 (73%) received BB therapy (group 1). Of the 48 patients not on BBs (group 2), relative contraindications were documented in 21 (allergy in 3, hypotension or inotrope‐dependent HF in 4, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] in 6, and amiodarone therapy in 8). The remaining 27 patients (group 3) did not receive BB therapy despite absence of documented justification. Compared to group 1, group 3 patients were similar in terms of clinical characteristics and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) use, but were less likely to be on statin therapy. Patients were followed for a mean of 19.9 ± 9.2 mo. After adjusting for age, QRS duration, creatinine, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), statin use, and presence of ischemic HF etiology, patients not receiving BB therapy in the absence of contraindication had increased risk of death or transplantation (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1, p = 0.043).

Conclusions

Absence of BB therapy appears to be independently associated with poor outcome in CRT recipients. These results suggest that a crucial component of OPT may be underutilized in a population of HF patients receiving CRT. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SERPINE1 intron polymorphisms affecting gene expression are associated with diffuse‐type gastric cancer susceptibility
Authors: Ju Hyoungseok , Lim Byungho , Kim Minjin , Noh Seung‐Moo , Kim Woo Ho , Ihm Chunhwa , Choi Bo Youl , Kim Yong Sung , Kang Changwon
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

A primary inhibitor of plasminogen activators, SERPINE1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor 1, clade E, member 1, also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), is an important regulator in tumorigenesis and is highly expressed in many cancers.

METHODS:

Five tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1 insertion polymorphism within SERPINE1 were genotyped in 1101 unrelated Korean individuals (a case group of 612 patients with gastric cancer and a control group of 489 healthy individuals). Associations with susceptibility to diffuse‐type gastric cancer (DGC) and intestinal‐type gastric cancer were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. Allelic differences in the contribution to gene expression were measured using luciferase assays.

RESULTS:

SNP c.1162+162C>T (rs2227692) in intron 7 was associated with susceptibility to DGC but not with susceptibility to intestinal‐type gastric cancer. The minor allele‐carrying genotypes C/T and T/T had 1.6‐fold greater odds of DGC than the C/C genotype (P = .00084). This SNP was linked to a repeat‐number variation c.1162+604AAAG(11_17), a deletion (del) variation c.1162+664_1162+673del, and another SNP c.1162+859T>A (rs2070683) in intron 7 based on the sequencing of 5 patients and 5 controls. The risk haplotype of the 4 variations exhibited a 30% greater gene expression level than the nonrisk haplotype in luciferase reporter assays (P = .025). In contrast, DGC susceptibility was not associated with the c.−1969_−1968insG polymorphism (rs1799768) in the promoter, commonly known as 4G/5G, in which the minor 5G allele is less active in transcription than the major 4G allele.

CONCLUSIONS:

An association between SERPINE1 and DGC susceptibility was observed with 4 correlated polymorphisms in intron 7 rather than the 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter, although all polymorphisms affected gene expression. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors for melanoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Paradela Sabela , Fonseca Eduardo , Pita‐Fernández Salvador , Kantrow Sara M. , Diwan Abdul H. , Herzog Cynthia , Prieto Victor G.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Cutaneous melanoma in childhood is rare; therefore, its prognostic factors and biologic behavior and the effectiveness of adjuvant diagnostic techniques in this group remain mostly unknown.

METHODS:

The authors conducted a retrospective, observational study on the prognostic significance of clinical and pathologic findings from 137 cutaneous and mucosal melanomas in patients aged <18 years that were reviewed by the pathology department of a large cancer center during the period from 1992 to 2006.

RESULTS:

Univariate analysis indicated that there was a significantly greater risk of metastases for patients who had previous nonmelanocytic malignancies, nodular histologic type, fusiform or spitzoid cytology, high Breslow thickness, vertical growth phase, high dermal mitotic activity, ulceration, and vascular invasion. Adjacent nevus and radial growth phase were associated with a better prognosis. Twelve patients (10.3%) died during follow‐up. Decreased overall survival was related significantly to age >10 years, previous nonmelanocytic malignancy, high Breslow thickness, high Clark level, and the presence of metastases at diagnosis. All patients who died were aged ≥11 years, and 8 of those patients had metastases at diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, higher Breslow thickness predicted an increased risk of metastases, whereas age >10 years and the presence of metastases at diagnosis were associated with decreased survival.

CONCLUSIONS:

Similar to adults, the detection of metastases at diagnosis in children with melanoma was 1 of the main factors that influenced overall survival. Melanomas that were detected in children aged <11 years appeared to have a less aggressive behavior than those detected in adults. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Differential response of triple‐negative breast cancer to a docetaxel and carboplatin‐based neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: Chang Helena R. , Glaspy John , Allison Mary Ann , Kass Frederic C. , Elashoff Robert , Chung Debra U. , Gornbein Jeffrey
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

In this study, the authors evaluated whether a pathologic complete response (pCR) or a clinical complete response (cCR) to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced breast cancer differed among the 3 subtypes of breast cancer: triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer, and hormone receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative breast cancer. Whether a cCR or a pCR was correlated with fewer recurrences and better survival also was investigated.

METHODS:

Patients with stage II/III breast cancer received 4 cycles of neoadjuvant docetaxel and carboplatin (TC) every 3 weeks. Patients with HER2‐positive tumors were randomized to receive either additional weekly trastuzumab preoperatively or TC alone. Postoperatively, all patients received 4 cycles of TC, and all HER2‐positive patients received a total of 52 weeks of trastuzumab. The recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 2 years were reported.

RESULTS:

Seventy‐four patients were enrolled, including 11 patients with TNBC, 30 patients with HER2‐positive tumors, and 33 patients with hormone receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative tumor. The cCR rates were 45.4%, 50% and 40.6% in TNBC, HER2‐positive, and hormone receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative groups, respectively. The pCR rate for the entire group was 26.8%, and patients with TNBC had the best response (54.6%) followed by patients with HER2‐positive tumors (24.1%) and patients with hormone receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative tumors (19.4%; P = .0126). The pCR rate for patients with HER2‐positive tumors improved from 7% to 40% if trastuzumab was added (P = .08). Infiltrating ductal cancer, TNBC, negative estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor status, tumor classification predicted a pCR (P ≤ .05). Multivariate analysis using a logistic regression test indicated that tumor type was an independent predictor. The RFS rate for patients who did versus patients who did not achieve a pCR was 93.8% versus 78.4% at 2 years, respectively, and 83.3% versus 58% at 3 years, respectively (P = .1227); whereas, for patients who did versus patients who did not achieve a cCR, the RFS rate was 80.9% versus 83.9%, respectively, at 2 years and 65% versus 64.3%, respectively, at 3 years (P = .999).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that the TC combination is promising for the treatment of TNBC. The addition of trastuzumab to TC improved the pCR rate significantly in patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Secondary hematopoietic malignancies in survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Rihani Rawad , Bazzeh Faiha , Faqih Nesreen , Sultan Iyad
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Studying secondary hematological malignancies in a large cohort of patients can help predict risks and trends associated with current therapies.

METHODS:

The authors analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Resultsecondary 9 (SEER‐9) database on patients with a primary malignancy (diagnosed before the age of 20 years) between 1973 and 2005 who developed a secondary hematological malignancy. Primary cancer and histological subtype, incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and changes in risk patterns of secondary hematological malignancies were analyzed for 1973 to 1985, 1986 to 1995, and 1996 to 2005. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of observed to expected cancers were calculated.

RESULTS:

Of 34,867 patients with a histology‐confirmed primary malignancy, 111 developed secondary hematological malignancies (median, 44 months). Lymphoma was the commonest primary cancer (n = 47). The main histological subtype of secondary hematological malignancy was acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (49%), which had the shortest median latency time and the worst 5‐year survival (18% ± 5.3%; P = .044). Secondary Hodgkin lymphoma had the best 5‐year survival (83% ± 15%). The 5‐year overall survival for patients with secondary hematological malignancies was 31% ± 4.7%. The risk of secondary AML steadily increased from 1986 to 2005, whereas SIRs for acute lymphoblastic leukemia did not change over time. Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, the second most common secondary hematological malignancy, occurred at a median of 112 months, and its risk steadily increased over time periods.

CONCLUSIONS:

Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing secondary hematological malignancies, particularly secondary AML. This risk has continued to rise even in recent years, emphasizing the need to study other factors contributing to secondary hematological malignancies and closely monitor these patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Genetic variants in selected pre‐microRNA genes and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Liu Zhensheng , Li Guojun , Wei Sheng , Niu Jiangong , El‐Naggar Adel. K. , Sturgis Erich M. , Wei Qingyi
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNAs) may alter the processing, transcription, and expression of miRNAs and, thus, may contribute to cancer development. The authors hypothesized that common polymorphisms in pre‐miRNAs are associated individually and (more likely) collectively with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

METHODS:

The authors genotyped 4 common polymorphisms in pre‐miRNAs: Homo sapiens miRNA 146a (hsa‐mir‐146a) (reference SNP 2910164 [rs2910164]; guanine to cytosine [G→C]), hsa‐mir‐149 (rs2292832; guanine to thymine [G→T]), hsa‐mir‐196a2 (rs11614913; C→T), and hsa‐mir‐499 (rs3746444; adenine to guanine [A→G]) in 1109 patients with SCCHN (cases) and in 1130 cancer‐free patients (controls) in a non‐Hispanic white population that was frequency‐matched by age and sex. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

Of the 4 SNPs that were studied, the hsa‐mir‐499 AG and GG genotypes were associated with a reduced risk of SCCHN (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.99). When the 4 SNPs were combined according to putative risk genotype, the number of observed risk genotypes was associated with an increased risk of SCCHN in a dose‐response manner with ORs of 1.0, 1.20, and 1.40 for individuals who had 0 or 1 risk genotypes, 2 or 3 risk genotypes, and 4 risk genotypes, respectively (Ptrend = .037). Specifically, the risk was 1.23‐fold (95% CI, 0.98‐fold to 1.56‐fold) for individuals with 2 to 4 risk genotypes and 1.40‐fold (95% CI, 1.02‐fold to 1.92‐fold) for individuals who had 4 risk genotypes compared with individuals who had 0 or 1 risk genotypes. This risk was more pronounced in men and in patients with oropharyngeal cancer.

CONCLUSIONS:

The combined risk genotypes of 4 common SNPs in pre‐miRNAs were associated significantly with a moderately increased risk of SCCHN. Larger studies are needed to validate the current findings. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Combination of low vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)/VEGF receptor 2 expression and high lymphocyte infiltration is a strong and independent favorable prognostic factor in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Donnem Tom , Al‐Shibli Khalid , Andersen Sigve , Al‐Saad Samer , Busund Lill‐Tove , Bremnes Roy M.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

There seems to be a close interplay between angiogenesis and the immune system. The authors of this report investigated the prognostic role of angiogenic markers in coexpression with immune system markers in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS:

Tumor resection samples from 335 patients with stage I to IIIA NSCLC were obtained, and tissue microarrays were constructed. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A (VEGF‐A), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2), and lymphocytes that were positive for the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and CD8 coreceptors.

RESULTS:

In univariate analysis, 5‐year survival rates were 87% for the combination of low tumor cell expression of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 (↓VEGF‐A/↓VEGFR‐2) and high tumor cell expression of CD4 and CD8 (↑CD4/↑CD8) (n = 19), 58% for mixed combinations (n = 290), and 27% for the ↑VEGF‐A/↑VEGFR‐2 and ↓CD4/↓CD8 combination (n = 26). In multivariate analysis, the coexpression of ↑VEGF‐A/↑VEGFR‐2 and ↓CD4/↓CD8 was an independent negative prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 9.16; 95% confidence interval, 2.11‐39.8; P = .003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Low tumor cell VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 expression in combination with high adaptive immune cell expression in the tumor‐related stroma had a strong and independent favorable prognostic impact in patients with NSCLC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A prospective study of aromatase inhibitor‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms and abnormalities on serial high‐resolution wrist ultrasonography
Authors: Henry N. Lynn , Jacobson Jon A. , Banerjee Mousumi , Hayden Jill , Smerage Jeffrey B. , Van Poznak Catherine , Storniolo Anna Maria , Stearns Vered , Hayes Daniel F.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Nearly half of women treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI) develop AI‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) such as arthralgias, but to the authors' knowledge the etiology is unclear. The upper extremities are frequently affected, especially the wrists, hands, and fingers. AI use may also increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome. Tendon sheath fluid and tenosynovial changes have been demonstrated by imaging symptomatic patients who were treated with AIs. The authors hypothesized that these abnormalities are correlated with AIMSS.

METHODS:

Thirty consecutive patients in whom adjuvant therapy with letrozole or exemestane was initiated on a prospective clinical trial enrolled in a pilot study evaluating tendon and joint abnormalities at baseline and after 3 months of AI therapy. Patients underwent high‐resolution ultrasonography of the wrists bilaterally and completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS). AIMSS were defined as an increase in the HAQ or VAS score during AI therapy that exceeded a predefined cutoff.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐five patients completed both the baseline and 3‐month assessments. During the first 12 months of AI therapy, 15 patients developed AIMSS, and 13 discontinued therapy because of musculoskeletal symptoms. There was a trend toward an association between the presence of tendon sheath abnormalities on wrist ultrasound at baseline and the development of AIMSS (P = .06).

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinically relevant musculoskeletal symptoms develop in women treated with AIs, leading to treatment discontinuation in a substantial percentage of these patients. However, in the current study, patient‐reported symptoms were not found to be associated with changes visible on wrist ultrasonography. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A Practical and Efficient Total Synthesis of Potent Insulinotropic (2S,3R,4S)‐4‐Hydroxyisoleucine through a Chiral N‐Protected γ‐Keto‐α‐aminoester
Authors: De Lamo Marin Sandra , Catala Cédric , Kumar Sreekantha Ratna , Valleix Alain , Wagner Alain , Mioskowski Charles
Published: June 2010

(2S,3R,4S)‐4‐Hydroxyisoleucine, which exhibits remarkable insulinotropic activity, is expected to be a potent drug to treat type II diabetes. We propose herein a four‐step synthesis of the enantiopure natural product on the basis of successive Mannich condensation, catalytic epimerization, N‐para‐methoxyphenyl deprotection, and diastereoselective reduction. This compact economical and scalable sequence enables to perfectly control three contiguous chiral centers. It does not involve any chromatographic purification, and the desired compound is obtained in >99 % de, >99 % ee, and 22 % overall yield under our optimized conditions.
Existence and distinction of acid‐evoked currents in rat astrocytes
Authors: Huang Chao , Hu Zhuang‐li , Wu Wen‐Ning , Yu Dan‐Fang , Xiong Qiu‐Ju , Song Jian‐Ren , Shu Qing , Fu Hui , Wang Fang , Chen Jian‐Guo
Published: June 2010

Astrocytes are vital structures that support and/or protect neighboring neurons from pathology. Although it is generally accepted that glutamate receptors mediate most astrocyte effects, acid‐evoked currents have recently attracted attention for their role in this regard. Here, we identified the existence and characteristics of acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in astrocytes. There were two types of currents recorded under the application of acidic solution (pH 6.0) in cultured rat astrocytes. Transient currents were exhibited by 10% of the astrocytes, and sustained currents were exhibited by the other 90%, consistent with the features of ASIC and TRPV1 currents, respectively. Western blotting and immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of ASIC1, ASIC2a, ASIC3, and TRPV1 in cultured andin situastrocytes. Unlike the ASICs expressed in neurons, which were mainly distributed in the cell membrane/cytoplasm, most of the ASICs in astrocytes were expressed in the nucleus. TRPV1 was more permeable to Na+in cultured astrocytes, which differed from the typical neuronal TRPV1 that was mainly permeable to Ca2+. This study demonstrates that there are two kinds of acid‐evoked currents in rat astrocytes, which may provide a new understanding about the functions of ligand‐gated ion channels in astrocytes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origin, maturation, and astroglial transformation of secondary radial glial cells in the developing dentate gyrus
Authors: Brunne Bianka , Zhao Shanting , Derouiche Amin , Herz Joachim , May Petra , Frotscher Michael , Bock Hans H.
Published: June 2010

The dentate gyrus is a brain region where neurons are continuously born throughout life. In the adult, the role of its radial glia in neurogenesis has attracted much attention over the past years; however, little is known about the generation and differentiation of glial cells and their relationship to radial glia during the ontogenetic development of this brain structure. Here, we combine immunohistochemical phenotyping using antibodies against glial marker proteins with BrdU birthdating to characterize the development of the secondary radial glial scaffold in the dentate gyrus and its potential to differentiate into astrocytes. We demonstrate that the expression of brain lipid‐binding protein, GLAST, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) characterizes immature differentiating cells confined to an astrocytic fate in the early postnatal dentate gyrus. On the basis of our studies, we propose a model where immature astrocytes migrate radially through the granule cell layer to adopt their final positions in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Time‐lapse imaging of acute hippocampal slices from hGFAP‐eGFP transgenic mice provides direct evidence for such a migration mode of differentiating astroglial cells in the developing dentate gyrus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of composite circulating biomarker models for use in anticancer drug clinical development
Authors: Lancashire Lee J. , Roberts Darren L. , Dive Caroline , Renehan Andrew G.
Published: June 2010

The development of informative composite circulating biomarkers predicting cancer presence or therapy response is clinically attractive but optimal approaches to modeling are as yet unclear. This study investigated multidimensional relationships within an example panel of serum insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) peptides using logistic regression (LR), fractional polynomial (FP), regression, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) to derive predictive models for colorectal cancer (CRC). Two phase 2 biomarker validation analyses were performed: controls were ambulant adults (n = 722); cases were: (i) CRC patients (n = 100) and (ii) patients with acromegaly (n = 52), the latter as “positive” discriminators. Serum IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)‐2 and ‐3 were measured. Discriminatory characteristics were compared within and between models. For the LR, FP and ANN models, and to a lesser extent SVMs, the addition of covariates at several steps improved discrimination characteristics. The optimum biomarker combination discriminating CRC vs. controls was achieved using ANN models [sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 90%; accuracy, 0.975 (95% CIs: 0.948 1.000)]. ANN modeling significantly outperformed LR, FP and SVM in terms of discrimination (p < 0.0001) and calibration. The acromegaly analysis demonstrated expected high performance characteristics in the ANN model [accuracy, 0.993 (95% CIs: 0.977, 1.000)]. Curved decision surfaces generated from the ANNs revealed the potential clinical utility. This example demonstrated improved discriminatory characteristics within the composite biomarker ANN model and a final model that outperformed the three other models. This modeling approach forms the basis to evaluate composite biomarkers as pharmacological and predictive biomarkers in future clinical trials.
On the sensitivity of forward scattering patterns from bacterial colonies to media composition
Authors: Bae Euiwon , Aroonnual Amornrat , Bhunia Arun K. , Hirleman E. Daniel
Published: June 2010

Morphology of colonies is important for taxonomy and diagnostics in microbiology where the response to environmental factors is sensitive enough to support discrimination. In this research, we analyzed the forward scattering patterns of individual Escherichia coli K12 colonies when agar hardness and nutrition levels were varied from the control sample. As the agar concentration increased from 1.2% to 1.8%, the diameter of the forward scattering patterns also increased for the same experimental condition which reflects that the colony thickness at the apex is greater for increased agar concentrations. Regarding nutrition, increasing dextrose resulted in smaller mean colony diameters while the mean diameters of the colonies were proportional to the yeast extract concentration up to 0.5%. The result reveals that ±0.3% agar concentration from the control sample is sufficient to create variations in the scattering patterns. For nutrition –0.25% of yeast extract showed significant variations while +0.25% from control sample showed minimal variations. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for depression in Spanish: culture‐sensitive manualized treatment in practice
Authors: Aguilera Adrian , Garza Monica J. , Muñoz Ricardo F.
Published: June 2010

The authors applied cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression using the Healthy Management of Reality treatment manual. This 16‐week group treatment comprised four 4‐week modules: thoughts (cognitive restructuring), activities (behavioral activation), people (interpersonal skills training), and health (addresses physical health and depression). They illustrated the use of the culture‐sensitive treatment manuals by way of the member characteristics and clinical process of a Spanish‐language CBT group for depression. They highlighted the challenges and satisfactions of working with a Spanish‐speaking population in the public sector, and focused on how culture and socioeconomic status influence patients, and how to adapt treatment to these factors. Last, they demonstrated how technological advances integrate with culture‐sensitive, evidence‐based treatments to better serve this population and reduce disparities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–11, 2010.
Autotrophic biological nitrogen removal from saline wastewater under low DO
Authors: Zhang Tong , Yan Qing‐Mei , Ye Lin
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and performance of nitrogen removal through the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process for saline wastewater in a continuous reactor, and to characterize microorganisms in the sludge from the reactor using DNA‐based techniques.

RESULTS: The nitrogen removal experiment in the reactor was operated over five phases for 286 days treating a synthetic sewage of 1.2% salinity at 21–25 °C. At dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of 0.5–1.0 mg L−1 and in the presence of glucose, NO2− was accumulated, indicating the activity of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). At DO concentration of 0.5 mg L−1 without organic substrate, the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process was the major pathway responsible for nitrogen removal, with a total nitrogen removal of 70% and an ammonium conversion efficiency of 96%. A maximum ammonium removal rate of 0.57 kg‐N m−3 d−1 was achieved during the experimental period. The concentrations of AOB and Anammox bacteria were monitored over the operation of reactor using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).

CONCLUSION: In this study, autotrophic nitrogen removal process was achieved under salinity condition in a one‐reactor system. An over 100 fold increase of AOB was found due to the increased supply of ammonium at the beginning, then AOB concentration decreased temporarily in correspondence with the decreased DO, and the AOB resumed their concentration at the last phase. The Anammox bacteria abundance was about 150 fold higher than that at the beginning, indicating the successful enrichment of Anammox bacteria in the reactor. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymatic saccharification of dissolution pretreated waste cellulosic fabrics for bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Hung , Lin Po‐Ju , Lee Cheng‐Kang
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Waste textiles, such as dyed cellulosic and/or polyester blended fabrics have the potential to serve as an alternative feedstock for the production of biological products via microbial fermentation. Dissolution pretreatment was employed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of dyed and synthetic fiber blended cellulosic fabrics. The fermentable reducing sugars obtained from waste cellulosic fabrics were used to culture Gluconobacter xylinus for value‐added bacterial cellulose (BC) production.

RESULTS: Concentrated phosphoric acid was the ultimate cellulose solvent for dissolution pretreatment since 5% w/w cellulosic fabric can be completed dissolved at 50 °C. After regeneration in water, the cellulosic precipitate was subjected to cellulase hydrolysis, resulting in at least 4‐fold enhancement of saccharification rate and reducing sugars yield. The colored saccharification products can be utilized by G. xylinus to produce BC, approximately 1.8 g L−1 BC pellicle was obtained after 7 days static cultivation.

CONCLUSION: Dyed and blended waste fabric can be pretreated effectively by dissolution to produce fermentable sugars by cellulase hydrolysis. Dissolution pretreatment can expose the dyed or polyester fiber covered digestible cellulosic fibers to cellulase and leads to a significant enhancement of saccharification yield. The colored saccharification products have no significant inhibiting effect on the fermentation activity of G. xylinus for BC production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphogenetic change of the limb bud in the hand plate formation
Authors: Sato Kosei , Seki Ryohei , Noro Miyuki , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Tamura Koji
Published: June 2010

The vertebrate hand plate is flattened and paddle shaped; that is, it is wide along the anteroposterior (AP) axis (thumb to little finger) and thin along the dorsoventral axis (back of hand to palm). To learn how the hand plate develops its three‐dimensional architecture, we observed morphological changes in the distal limb bud of the chick embryo at stages 23–27 and the gecko embryo 11–13 days after oviposition. Cell population of the posterior distal limb bud expanded more than that of the anterior one in the chick embryo. Taken together with the observation that these two cell populations did not show significant differences in their expansion along the proximodistal axis, we propose that the cell population in the posterior limb bud contributes more to the morphogenetic increase along the AP axis, which widens the limb bud for the formation of the hand plate. Our observation that more mitoses were oriented anteroposteriorly than dorsoventrally in the chick embryo at around stage 25 suggests that the oriented cell division contributes to the morphogenetic increase along the AP axis. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:539–551, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stem cells responsible for deer antler regeneration are unable to recapitulate the process of first antler development—revealed through intradermal and subcutaneous tissue transplantation
Authors: Li Chunyi , Yang Fuhe , Haines Stephen , Zhao Haiping , Wang Wenying , Xing Xiumei , Sun Hongmei , Chu Wenhui , Lu Xiaoping , Liu Linling , McMahon Chris
Published: June 2010

Antlers offer a unique model for the study of whether regeneration recapitulates development in a mammalian organ. Research, to date, supports the full recapitulation in antler, but a recent report that subcutaneously transplanted (ST) pedicle periosteum (PP) failed to induce that ectopic antler formation could argue against recapitulation, as antlerogenic periosteum (AP) can readily do so. However, it was not clear in that study whether the result was caused by inability of the PP to interact with the skin or owing to failure to create the required close contact to it. This study was designed to clarify this uncertainty by adopting intradermal transplantation (IT) to achieve the required close contact without the need for significant mass expansion. The results showed that IT of 1/8 of the original AP mass or more was sufficient for antler induction, whereas ST of 1/4‐AP or less could not do so within 2 years. The minimum amount of AP required for antler induction using the IT approach was somewhere between 1/8 and 1/12‐AP (<30 mg). The results further demonstrated that IT of 62–84 mg PP failed to induce ectopic antler formation, even if the PP had fused with the surrounding skin. Because this mass of PP was 2–3 times the minimum amount of AP required for antler induction, we conclude that PP does not recapitulate AP in induction of ectopic antler development. It is likely that PP has been restricted for antler regeneration and lost the potential to initiate antler development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:552–570, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.