bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of Reliability of an Android-based App and Computerized Cephalometric Tracing Program for Orthodontic Cephalometric Analysis
Authors: Shettigar Pavithra , Shetty Shravan , D. Naik Roopak , M. Basavaraddi Shrinivas , K. Patil Anand
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to assess the reliability of the android smartphone-based app OneCeph by comparing it with computer cephalometric tracing program Dolphin Imaging software. 50 cephalometric radiographs were randomly selected. On each cephalogram 20 landmarks were marked. 15 parameters indicating skeletal, dental and soft tissue parameters were selected and measured. The values obtained from Dolphin imaging software and the OneCeph app were compared with respect to the assessment of measurements of various parameters by paired t-test. It was observed that four parameters out of the fifteen showed significant differences between Dolphin imaging software and OneCeph app (p<0.05). For all the other parameters selected, no differences were observed between Dolphin and OneCeph digital methods and also there is a significant and positive correlation between the measures obtained from the Dolphin and OneCeph app for each landmark parameter. The results obtained by the OneCeph app showed most parameters are comparable with the Dolphin Imaging software. Therefore, it can be concluded that this app is reliable, user-friendly which facilitates its use by the clinician on a regular basis. This user-friendly OneCeph app can be utilized with sufficient accuracy for the cephalometric analysis of most of the measurements required in day-to-day clinical orthodontic practice.
Correlation Between Waist Circumferences With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk in Ent Clinic Sanglah Hospital Denpasar
Authors: Gede Arta Eka Putra I. Dewa , Yupindra Pradiptha I. Putu
Published: March 2019

Pauses in breathing during sleep or better known as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the disorders that greatly disturb the quality of life of many people. Lifestyle changes such as reducing obesity can reduce OSA. One of the method to measure the level of obesity is the measurement of waist circumference, as one good indicator to know the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Therefore, in this study would like to understand the relationship between waist circumferences with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This research method is analytical research with cross sectional study approach. The sample of this study was 385 visitors who came to the ENT clinic Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. The risk data for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) was taken using a research questionnaire adapted from the Berlin questionnaire and waist circumference measurements. Processing and data analyzing were done using the help of a computer program. The result of prevalence of abnormal waist circumference was 49 people (37,4%) lower than normal waist circumference group in high-risk category that was 82 people (62,6%). Based on the result of chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between increased waist circumference and risk of suffering Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) (p = 0.000) (p <0.05). There is a correlation between increased waist circumference and risk of suffering from Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Therefore it is advisable to keep the weight remains ideal by setting a healthy lifestyle.
In-Vitro Studies on Antitumour and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Kernel Extract of Mangifera Indica L. Cultivar Banganapalli
Authors: Raju N. Venkata , Sukumar Karuganti , Reddy G. Babul , Pankaj P. K. , G. Muralitharan , Annapareddy Shanti , Sai D. Teja , Devi Chintagunta Anjani
Published: March 2019

Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and is considered as “King of all Fruits”. Mango kernels are discarded as waste after the industrial processing and it has several proven medicinal benefits. Attempts were made to study its antitumour and antimicrobial activities. In the current research work, 15 local cultivars of Mangifera indica L. were collected with a motto to screen the best cultivar having high total phenolic content, flavonoid content, antitumour property and antimicrobial activity. Banganapalli cultivar of mango showed high total phenolic content and total flavonoid content i.e. 63.5±1.1 mg GAE/g and 16.7±0.5 mg quercetin/g followed by Royal special cultivar (TPC-58.7±0.6 mg GAE/g TFC-16.2±0.6 mg quercetin/g). Mangifera indica L. cultivar Banganapalli which showed highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was screened for its antitumour and antimicrobial properties. Antitumour property was tested by using potato disc assay which recorded 40.12% tumour inhibition percentage. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar diffusion method by taking 3 test microorganisms viz. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis DSM 10, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 737 and Escherichia coli MTCC 46. The measured area of inhibition is around Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 737 in 8.5±0.3 mm followed by E.coli MTCC 46 (8.2±0.3 mm) and Bacillus subtilis sub subtilis (6.6±0.5 mm). The present study showed that the mango kernels which were generally discarded as waste has antitumour and antibacterial properties and further studies need to be carried out.
The Effects of Citrus Leaf Extract on Renal Oxidative Stress, Renal Function and Histological Changes in Rats Fed With Heated Palm Oil
Authors: June Li Chew , Barkath Aniza Aini , Zarrin Abdullah Mohamad , Lingkan Nadiah , Mohd Ismail Nurul Hidayah , Md Pauzi Suria Hayati , Kamisah Yusof , HMS Qodriyah , Jaarin Kamsiah , Mohamed Suhaila , Masbah Norliana
Published: March 2019

Prolonged consumption of heated palm oil causes detrimental effects on cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys. The detrimental effects of heated oils are associated with oxidative stress; hence the role of antioxidants in attenuating heated oil-induced effects has been widely studied. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of polyphenol-rich Citrus leaf extract (CLE) on renal oxidative stress parameters, renal function and kidney histological changes in rats fed with heated palm oil. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=56) were divided into seven groups. The control group was given normal rat chow, while other groups were fed with 15% weight/weight (w/w) palm oil-enriched diet of either fresh palm oil (FPO), five-time-heated palm oil (5HPO) or ten-time-heated palm oil (10HPO); with or without the addition of CLE (0.15%, w/w) supplementation. After 16 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the kidneys were harvested for analysis. CLE supplementation improved heated palm oil-induced oxidative stress parameters in the kidneys, shown by reduced levels of renal thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and renal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in 5HPO and 10HPO groups. Renal haem oxygenase levels were restored with CLE supplementation in the heated oil groups. Decreased serum creatinine was observed in 5HPO group with CLE supplementation, but not in 10HPO group. Heated oil caused mild interstitial inflammation with vascular congestion in 5HPO and 5HPO+CLE groups, while 10HPO group had moderate inflammation and vascular congestion. CLE supplementation in 10HPO group was able to reduce these changes as only mild interstitial inflammation and congestion was observed. CLE has the potential to reduce renal oxidative stress parameters, improve renal function and reduce renal inflammation possibly mediated via its antioxidant properties.
Hazard assessment of Staphylococcus with positive coagulase in meat produced and distributed in the Northern regions of Cameroon
Authors: Afnabi Raoul Bakari , Sambo Jean Jacques Nenba , Mouiche Moctar Mohamed Mouliom , Namegni Rodrigue Simonet Poueme
Published: March 2019

Aim: Staphylococcus with positive coagulase (SPC) is a major problem for beef consumers in the northern part of Cameroon. For this purpose, the SPC concentrations in beef produced and supplied in the northern regions were determined, as well as the resistance profile of these bacteria to antibiotics.

Materials and Methods: A total of 125 samples were obtained by the wet and dry swabbing method in traditional slaughterhouses and butcheries to evaluate the SPC concentration in meat, and then, 102 SPC isolations were collected to determine the antibiotic resistance profile.

Results: The distribution of concentration of the SPC indicated no significant differences of bacterial evidence in almost all the slaughterhouses except the one in Manwi (with 2.66 log CFU/cm2) and the density in SPC is higher than that one in Guider (1.99 log CFU/cm2). The assessment of density in SPC among the selected slaughterhouse highlighted a superiority of the SPC concentrations in the Ngaoundere butcheries (3.83 log CFU/cm2) in comparison with those of other towns. At the level of the slaughterhouses, a higher proportion of resistance to Penicillin G was recorded than Gentamicin. Some butcheries recorded that all SPC reacted to Kanamycin, whereas they were more resistant to Penicillin G.

Conclusion: These results reveal that the SPC found in meat poses a threat to meat consumers in the northern part of Cameroon.
Szenen des Subjekts
Authors: Kaiser Céline
Published: March 2019

Ein Arzt spielt ahnungslosen Patienten Schlüsselszenen ihrer Wahnwelten vor. Ein anderer verstrickt sie in Phantasmagorien. Und ein dritter lässt sie selbst Theater spielen. Szenischen Praktiken kommt in der Geschichte der (Proto-)Psychotherapie eine zentrale Funktion zu. Sie dienen der Einsetzung des therapeutischen Raums, strukturieren die Begegnung zwischen den beteiligten Akteuren, werden als Interventionen im therapeutischen Prozess eingesetzt und entfalten dabei je eigene Dynamiken. Céline Kaisers Untersuchung leistet einen Beitrag zur Analyse szenischer Räume, Praktiken und Prozesse seit dem 18. Jahrhundert und reflektiert sie im Rahmen der Medical Humanities als Medien- und Kulturgeschichte der Psychotherapie.
Sicherheit - für wen?
Authors: Andreas Michael
Published: March 2019

Der Beitrag von Michael Andreas befasst sich mit der Drohne als emblematisches Medium einer zunehmenden Automatisierung der Kriegsführung mit all ihren anthropologischen, ethischen und politischen Implikationen. Diese Automatisierung ist - gerade in Bezug auf Sicherheit - die Konsequenz des »Jahrhunderts der Kriege«. Für die bewaffneten Konflikte des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts heißt das: Mit den Mitteln der Technisierung soll eine Distanz der eigenen Truppen zum Kriegsgeschehen hergestellt werden. Ausgehend von den aufklärenden Bildmedien des Ersten Weltkrieges verknüpft der Beitrag die gegenwärtigen Drohnendiskurse mit den ubiquitären Bildern der Moderne. In Perspektive der diskursanalytischen Bildwissenschaft gehören dazu auch das Fernsehen und Social Media.
Antizipationen des nächsten Anschlags
Authors: Frank Michael C.
Published: March 2019

Die widersprüchliche Kernaussage des nach den Terroranschlägen vom 11. September 2001 installierten Sicherheitsdiskurses lautet, dass Maßnahmen zum Erhalt der inneren Sicherheit gerade deshalb unumgänglich sind, weil vollumfängliche Sicherheit vor terroristischer Gewalt unmöglich ist - da die Terroristen nicht nur die Absicht haben, neuerlich zuzuschlagen, sondern sie auch Wege finden werden, dies zu tun. Wie der vorliegende Beitrag argumentiert, geht diese Ausrichtung auf kommendes Geschehen mit einer Vernachlässigung tatsächlicher, in der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart liegender Ursachen und Bedingungen terroristischer Gewalt einher. Der Fokus wird stattdessen auf zukünftige Ereignisse verschoben, ohne dass man terroristische Gewalt als Auswirkung vorangegangener Handlungen und Zustände begreift - so, als geschehe sie ganz unabhängig von den politischen Gegebenheiten. Dabei wird der Vorstellungskraft eine so zentrale Funktion eingeräumt, dass die diskursive Grenze zwischen Faktischem und Fiktivem zu verschwimmen droht. Die strategische Logik des Terrorismus, in einem Zielpublikum eine angstvolle Erwartungshaltung zu erzeugen (die imaginäre Antizipation des noch nicht eingetretenen nächsten Anschlags), wird scheinbar paradoxerweise durch ein Sicherheitsdispositiv verstärkt, das als anti-terroristische Maßnahme gerechtfertigt wird. Mittels dieses Dispositivs lassen sich aufgrund möglicher, nur angenommener Bedrohungen ganz reale Tatsachen schaffen, wie u.a. der Irakkrieg zeigt.
Unscharfe Spuren?
Authors: Schaffer Jule
Published: March 2019

Das Heilige ist zurück: Man begegnet vielfältigen Motiven des Sakralen in Kunst und Alltag. Können fotografische Bilder als »neue« Medien Heiliges anders zeigen und reformulieren? Jule Schaffers interdisziplinäre Studie steht im Kontext dieser »Wiederkehr der Religion« und zeigt anhand medientheoretischer, kunst- und religionswissenschaftlicher Close-Readings künstlerischer Ansätze seit den 1980er-Jahren die vielfältigen Spuren, in denen Heiliges im Fotografischen aufscheint, inszeniert und adaptiert wird. Die Bandbreite reicht von expliziter sakraler Bildlichkeit bis zu impliziten Referenzen und strukturellen Parallelen, von Andres Serranos »Piss Christ« bis zu fotografischen Porträts von David Nebreda und Pierre Gonnord.
The Transfer of Knowledge from Mesopotamia to Egypt
Authors: Beck Susanne
Published: March 2019

Susanne Beck untersucht in ihrem Beitrag den Wissenstransfer von Mesopotamien nach Ägypten anhand eines Fallbeispiels. Nach der Vorstellung des gebrauchten Modells für den Wissenstransfer werden nach einer kurzen geschichtlichen Einordnung der Beziehungen zwischen dem vorderen Orient und Ägypten die Primärquellen zu dem Krankheitsdämon Samanu, ägyptisch auch als Achu bekannt, präsentiert. Nach dem Aufzeigen der Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in den Texten wird abschließend der potentielle Weg des Wissenstransfers von Mesopotamien nach Ägypten auf-gezeigt.
Shapeshifter - Knowledge of the Moon in Graeco-Roman Egypt
Authors: Altmann-Wendling Victoria
Published: March 2019

In ihrem Beitrag widmet sich Victoria Altmann-Wendling einerseits der praktischen Anwendung der Mondphasen für den ägyptischen Kalender, die Regulierung religiöser Feste und die Priesterdienste. Diese indirekten Hinweise werden mithilfe demotischer und griechischer Papyri weiter ausgearbeitet, die Berechnungen über die Mondbewegungen und -phasen enthalten. Daneben wird auch die Rolle des Mondes in der Astrologie beleuchtet. Auf der anderen Seite zeigt die Autorin, wie der Mond und die damit verbundenen astronomischen Phänomene in die religiösen Bilder und die Symbolik des alten Ägypten integriert wurden. Da die Quellen hauptsächlich aus der griechisch-römischen Zeit stammen, in der eine multikulturelle Gesellschaft in Ägypten lebte, sind Überlegungen zum möglichen Austausch, zur Weitergabe oder zur Übernahme von Wissen möglich.
National Flamencoism
Authors: Sanz Carlos , Morales Tamaral José Manuel
Published: March 2019

Carlos Sanz and José Manuel Morales discuss in their contribution the politicization and exportation of flamenco music and dance by Franco's dictatorship in Spain. From its origins, General Franco's regime did not hesitate to use culture as an instrument with propagandistic goals, especially when it tried to foster a particular representation of the Spanish nation amid the international public opinion. Based on a wide range of primary and bibliographic sources, this contribution aims to highlight the underlying motivations which contributed to the election of a popular musical tradition as an ambassador of Franco's regime abroad, to the point of merging flamenco music and dance with Spanish identity and generating »national flamencoism« as an exportable cultural product. It was a choice with long-lasting effects on the crystallization of a cultural cliché regarding Spanish culture, with effects still visible today.
The Ethics and Politics of Empathy in US Hip-Hop Diplomacy
Authors: Salois Kendra
Published: March 2019

Kendra Salois asks how the US State Department's hip hop-focused musical diplomacy program, Next Level, expresses an ideological and methodological shift towards privileging musicians' affective labor over their musical talents. Next Level has taken the unplanned encounters and unexpected consequences of earlier tours, such as the »Jazz Ambassadors« programming of the mid-century, and made them the center of its programming strategy. Under this ideal, person-to-person musical diplomacy is mobilized not for the wholesale winning of hearts and minds, but for a micropolitics of empathy, where the goal is an affective sense of being mutually recognized and appreciated, if not understood. Beyond framing »hip hop diplomacy« solely as a contradiction, the chapter argues for viewing it, instead, as an extractive application of the State Department's understandings of human and musical intersubjectivity.
Die fiktive Institution als ästhetische Strategie
Authors: Nisters Theresa
Published: March 2019

Das komplexe Projekt »Académie Worosis Kiga« des Pariser Künstlers Gérard Gasiorowski macht, wie auch bekannte Werke Marcel Broodthaers', Claes Oldenburgs und Jörg Immendorffs, eine bisher vernachlässigte Strategie künstlerischer Schöpfung um 1968 sichtbar. Unter der Bezeichnung »fiktive Institution« lenkt Theresa Nisters die Aufmerksamkeit auf jene Form künstlerischer Kritik, die sich - zeitgleich zu Strömungen wie »Land Art« oder »Arte Povera« - nicht ostentativ vom Kunstmarkt abwendete. Stattdessen wurden sich vorhandene Organisationsformen und Ordnungssysteme offizieller Institutionen zu eigen gemacht, um herkömmliche Beurteilungs- und Wertmaßstäbe zu unterlaufen.
8. Menschen mit Pflege- und Hilfsbedarf in Krisen, Großschadenslagen und Katastrophen
Authors: Oschmiansky Heidi , Händlmeyer Annette
Published: March 2019

Heidi Oschmiansky und Annette Händlmeyer befassen sich in ihrem Beitrag mit der besonderen Vulnerabilität von zu Hause unterstützten Menschen mit Pflege- und Hilfsbedarf in Krisen, Großschadenslagen und Katastrophen. Wie nationale und internationale Beispiele zeigen, ist diese Bevölkerungsgruppe oft besonders gefährdet, auch weil den Behörden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben oft nicht ihr Wohnort bekannt ist. Projekte und Ansätze von Hilfsorganisationen im internationalen Kontext zeigen, wie ältere und pflegebedürftige Menschen im Katastrophenfall durch Selbst- und Nachbarschaftshilfe, Vernetzung und der Vorbereitung von Pflegekräften besser unterstützt werden können.
»Eternal Present?« - Palästinensische Identitäten im Libanon
Authors: Frauen Wulf
Published: March 2019

Auch 70 Jahre nach der Vertreibung aus ihrer Heimat hat sich die Lage der palästinensischen Flüchtlinge im libanesischen Exil nicht verbessert. Viele leben immer noch in Flüchtlingslagern und sind somit räumlich wie gesellschaftlich nicht in die Majoritätsgesellschaft eingegliedert. Wulf Frauens Studie über die Identitätsbildungsprozesse dieser Flüchtlinge spiegelt das ganze Elend einer nicht zur Ruhe kommenden Region wider. Während bisherige Publikationen zumeist das Bild eines in der Vergangenheit fußenden, weitestgehend uniformen Identitätsentwurfes zeichnen, wird hier ein differenzierterer Erklärungsvorschlag unterbreitet: Über das Nachvollziehen generationeller Bruchlinien wird nicht nur deutlich, welche bunte Vielfalt Identitäten eines Kollektives in der Diaspora haben können, sondern auch, warum es auch für uns wichtig ist, diese zu verstehen.
Internet in Nairobi, Kenia
Authors: Rieß Johanna
Published: March 2019

Die »Erfindung« des Internets und die damit verbundene Digitalisierung galt als ein modernes Phänomen des globalen Nordens. Doch wie steht es um die weniger reichen Länder des Südens? Johanna Rieß untersucht, wie sich Nutzer_innen aus drei verschiedenen Internetcafés in Nairobi/Kenia das Internet aneignen und welche Einsichten sich über dieses Medium ergeben. Erzählt wird außerdem eine ausführliche Digitalisierungsgeschichte Kenias. Dabei zeigt sich, dass gängige Annahmen bezüglich einer digitalen Kluft zwischen Ländern des globalen Nordens und des globalen Südens längst nicht mehr zutreffen. Die interdisziplinäre Herangehensweise ermöglicht einen differenzierten Blick auf Mediennutzung in einer anderen Weltregion und steht für eine Internationalisierung der Medienwissenschaft.
The Techno-Apparatus of Bodily Production
Authors: Barla Josef
Published: March 2019

What if the terms "technology" and "the body" did not refer to distinct phenomena interacting in one way or another? What if we understood their relationship as far more intimate - technologies as always already embodied, material bodies as always already technologized? What would it mean, then, to understand the relationship between technology and the body as a relation of indeterminacy? Expanding on the concept of the apparatus of bodily production in the work of Donna Haraway and Karen Barad, Josef Barla explores how material bodies along with their boundaries, properties, and meanings performatively materialize at sites where technological, biological, technoscientific, (bio-)political, and economic forces intra-act.
Der Palmölboom in Indonesien
Authors: Brad Alina
Published: March 2019

Was haben Handcreme, Tiefkühlpizza und Waschmittel gemeinsam? Richtig: Sie enthalten Palmöl - wie bereits die Hälfte aller Supermarktprodukte. Doch wodurch wurde der atemberaubende Palmölboom mit seinen verheerenden sozialen und ökologischen Folgen in den Produktionsländern ausgelöst? Alina Brad untersucht die politischen und ökonomischen Triebkräfte, die den Aufstieg Indonesiens zum weltweit führenden Palmölproduzenten ermöglichten. Ausgehend von den historischen und polit-ökonomischen Bedingungen entschlüsselt sie das komplexe Geflecht von Interessen und Konflikten um Landkontrolle und Inwertsetzung im indonesischen Palmölsektor.
Deutsche Auslandsschulen in Spanien
Authors: Herzner Dominik
Published: March 2019

Seit ihrer Gründung stehen die Deutschen Auslandsschulen in Spanien in einem vielschichtigen Spannungsverhältnis: Sie spiegeln nicht nur politische und gesellschaftliche Veränderungen wider, sondern sind als Vermittler deutscher Werte eine wichtige Instanz der Auswärtigen Kulturpolitik. Mit sieben anerkannten Einrichtungen besitzt Spanien eine Sonderrolle im Auslandsschulwesen. Dominik Herzner zeichnet chronologisch ihre Geschichte nach und zeigt dabei Konflikte, Brüche und Kontinuitäten in ihrer Rolle als transnationaler Bildungsraum auf.
Okkulte Kunst
Authors: Graeff Alexander
Published: March 2019

Der Beitrag leitet nicht nur die Anthologie »Okkulte Kunst« ein, sondern zeigt auch Systematik und Geschichte der Kontinuität einer »okkulten Note« (Eugen Mirsky) als zentrales Element abendländischer Kultur. Exemplarisch werden einige okkult-esoterische Anschauungen im Kontext von Kunst dun Literatur herausgearbeitet und überdies auch der Blick auf gegenwärtige Entwicklungen in Literatur und Kunst geworfen. Das Okkulte zeigt sich so als kulturimmanente und nicht vernachlässigbare Denkfigur westlicher Hemisphäre, eine Grundprämisse, die auch alle in der vorliegenden Anthologie versammelten Beiträge, ganz gleich, welche Zeit der Kultur- und Kunstgeschichte sie behandeln, verbindet.
Okkulte (Text-)Praktiken
Authors: Lubkowitz Anneke
Published: March 2019

Anneke Lubkowitz untersucht in ihrem Beitrag 'okkulte' Textpraktiken in John Burnsides Romanen »The Locust Room« (2001) und »Glister« (2008). Im Mittelpunkt ihrer Analyse steht der Animismus als Gegenmodell zum westlich-rationalistischen Denken und seinen Dichotomien von Subjekt und Objekt, Belebtem und Unbelebtem. Die Autorin ordnet die Entstehung des Animismusbegriffs problematisierend in einen von Kolonialismus und Rassenideologie geprägten historischen Kontext ein, stellt aber auch verschiedene neue Ansätze in Anthropologie, Soziologie und Kunstgeschichte vor, die eine »Revision« und Wiederentdeckung des Animismus unternehmen. Anhand dieser zeigt sie, inwiefern das Konzept als Denkmodell für die Darstellung nicht-menschlicher agency in Kunst und Literatur fruchtbar gemacht werden kann. Mithilfe von Beispielen aus Burnsides Romanen, die einer ökopoetischen Agenda folgen, beschreibt sie verschiedene Textverfahren, die als Ausdruck einer animistischen Poetik gelesen werden können.
Unternehmen Bourdieu
Authors: Schultheis Franz
Published: March 2019

Das »Phänomen Bourdieu« in neuem Licht. In seiner langjährigen und engen Zusammenarbeit mit Pierre Bourdieu hat Franz Schultheis Einblicke in dessen Leben und Arbeiten gewinnen können, die eine weitgehend unbekannte Perspektive eröffnen. Anders als in den geläufigen Porträts von Bourdieu als herausragendem Sozialwissenschaftler tritt hier der »Patron« einer soziologischen Forschungswerkstatt auf den Plan. Die Beschreibung unterschiedlicher Aspekte der Alltagspraxis seines Centre de Sociologie Européenne nimmt dabei den Charakter einer »Ethnographie« des Arbeitens mit Bourdieu an. Im Zentrum, jedoch seiner eigenen Berühmtheit diametral gegenüber, steht die für ihn so wichtige Utopie des »kollektiven Intellektuellen« - und der Versuch ihrer Verwirklichung in Forschung und politischem Engagement.
Optimal Disability Insurance with Informal Child Care
Authors: Ho Christine
Published: March 2019

The possibility of engaging in household child care may exacerbate the incentives of parents and grandparents to falsely claim disability benefits as households also get to save on formal child care costs. This paper considers a multi-generational family model with persistence in privately observed shocks and presents an efficient implementation case for subsidizing formal child care costs of the disabled. An implementation of the optimal scheme that consists of capped formal day care subsidies, non-linear income taxation and asset-testing is proposed. Simulations based on a parametrization that targets key features of the US labor and child care markets suggest that day care subsidies may lead to sizeable cost savings.
The meanings of sharing: On Facebook sharing strategies among Polish migrants in Germany and the UK
Authors: Filipek Kamil
Published: March 2019

Sharing on social media has become a daily routine for millions of users worldwide. Sharing transforms the experience of international migration as it enables migrants to maintain social relations and adapt to a new socioeconomic environment. But what does the term “sharing” mean for migrants active on Facebook? What are the contemporary meanings of sharing encouraged by Facebook’s affordances? This paper explores individual sharing strategies on Facebook among Polish migrants in Germany and the UK. On the basis of the material collected through in-depth interviews (N=17) with Poles who have settled in Germany and the UK, it is proposed that the contemporary meaning of sharing has five dimensions: commercial, altruistic, social, connective and addictive. Different compositions of these dimensions can be found in most sharing practices on social media. Following a critique of commercial sharing on social media, it is further established that selling and other profit-driven activities are rather well recognized by the interviewees. However, some of them engage in commercial sharing with no direct selling intention. The article emphasizes that sharing practices help Polish migrants adapt to their bicultural reality in Germany and the UK
Fractional Order PID Controller Design for Supply Manifold Pressure Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Divi Srinivasarao , Das Shantanu , Uday Bhaskar Babu G. , Sonawane S.H.
Published: March 2019

In this work, fractional order PIλDµ(FOPID) controller designed to enhance the dynamic performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The control objective is to regulate the supply manifold pressure on cathode side to maintain oxygen excess ratio of the PEM fuel cell. The higher order PEM fuel cell model is approximated to First order plus time delay (FOPTD) model for controller design and analysis. The proposed FOPID controller is designed based on minimization of Integral Absolute Error (IAE) with pre specified maximum sensitivity (Ms) as a constraint. Uncertainty and measurement noise analysis is carried out to verify the robustness of the designed controller. The simulation results of proposed FOPID controller is compared with other designing methods. Based on minimization of IAE value, the SP 1.4 FOPID controller produces IAE value of 0.255 where as AMIGO 1.4 tuning method and ZN based FOPID tuning methods produces 0.263 and 3.817 respectively for perfect case. Based on maximum sensitivity Msis 1.4, the SP 1.4 FOPID controller produces Msof 1.4 where as AMIGO 1.4 PID and ZN based FOPID tuning methods produces Ms of 1.5 and 1.25 respectively for perfect case, which indicates that the proposed SP 1.4 FOPID controller is robust. The proposed SP 1.4 FOPID provides better values (rise time of 0.331 sec, settling time of 0.692 sec and percentage of peak overshoot of 0.797 for perfect case) when compared with other methods. From simulation results, for the control of supply manifold pressure of PEM fuel cell, the proposed fractional-order PID controllers improves the closed loop performance in terms of rise time, settling time and percentage of peak overshoot when compared to the integer-order PID controllers.
Frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) under hygrothermal conditions. Part 1: moisture adsorption
Authors: Zhan Tianyi , Jiang Jiali , Lu Jianxiong , Zhang Yaoli , Chang Jianmin
Published: March 2019

To elucidate the frequency-dependent viscoelasticity of wood under a moisture non-equilibrium state, changes in stiffness and damping as a function of frequency were investigated during the moisture adsorption process. The moisture adsorption processes were carried out at six temperatures (30–80°C) and three relative humidity levels (30, 60 and 90% RH). During the moisture adsorption process, the wood stiffness decreased, and damping increased with the increment of moisture content (MC). Regardless of the moisture adsorption time, the wood stiffness increased, and damping decreased with the increasing testing frequency. Based on the re-organized Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) model, the time-moisture superposition (TMS) relation was assumed to be applicable for developing a master curve of wood stiffness during the moisture adsorption process. The frequency ranges of the stiffness master curves spanned from 16 to 23 orders of magnitude at temperatures ranging from 30 to 80°C. However, the TMS relation was not able to predict the wood damping properties during the moisture adsorption process due to the multi-relaxation system of the wood and the non-proportional relationship between free volume and MC at transient moisture conditions.
Optimal Switching Angle Scheme for a Cascaded H Bridge Inverter using Pigeon Inspired Optimization
Authors: Mahesh Aeidapu , Singh Sandhu Kanwarjit
Published: March 2019

This paper presents an approach using Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO) for selective harmonic elimination in a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter fed with unequal dc sources. The aim of this work is to find the optimal combination of switching angles, such that the lower order harmonics are eliminated and the output voltage is constant irrespective of voltage change in the input side. This paper the PIO has been used to find the optimal angles for a 7-level inverter and the method can be scaled to any number of levels. To show the effectiveness of PIO the results have been compared with other evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO). An adaptive switching angle strategy has also been developed using ANN to make the proposed strategy suitable to the real-time applications. In order to verify the results, an experimental prototype of 7 level CHB has been developed in the laboratory using dSPACE ds1104 R&D controller board. The results show that the PIO is the most accurate and fastest evolutionary algorithm for switching angle optimization and the experimental results are in close agreement with the simulation results.
A Novel System and Experimental Verification for Locating Partial Discharge in Gas Insulated Switchgears
Authors: Dai Kejie , Liao Yuan
Published: March 2019

Partial discharge location in gas insulated switchgears is important for timely identifying incipient problem and taking remedial actions to prevent later catastrophic breakdowns. This paper presents a new system including sensing terminals and hand-held intelligent terminals to locate partial discharge. Sensing terminals, housing the sensors, are attached to outside enclosure walls of the switchgear to collect acoustic signals, which are transmitted wirelessly to the hand-held terminals. The acoustic vibration caused by the discharge will propagate from the source, resulting in the highest intensity at the sensor closest to the discharge. By examining the signal signatures of the distributed sensors, the location of the partial discharge can be derived. The system is applied in both staged simulation environment and actual factory high voltage tests. The results have demonstrated that the system developed is highly effective in locating partial discharge in gas insulated switchgears and is suitable for practical applications.
Enhanced Performances of W/S SAC-OCDMA System Using LDPC Code
Authors: Bouarfa A. , Kandouci M. , Bojanic S.
Published: March 2019

In an incoherent optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system using amplitude spectral coding (SAC), which exceeds 1.5 Gbps, it is difficult or impossible to make a transmission with a bit error rate better than 10–9. For this, it is necessary to associate an error correction code (ECC) to the SAC-OCDMA system. In this paper, we proposed an architecture of a two-dimensional SAC-OCDMA system (spectral (w) and spatial (s)) using multi-diagonal code (MD) as spreading code and low-density parity check code (LDPC) as ECC. According to the properties of the MD code and the proposed architecture, the phase induced intensity noise is eliminated, which has improved the performance of the system. The theoretically results shows that LDPC/2D-SAC-OCDMA allowing more than 40 users to be multiplexed compared to a non-coded 2D SAC-OCDMA system. This combination allowed us to increase the cardinality of the LDPC/SAC-OCDMA (W/S) system without using an optical hard limiter.
When does Innovation Become Custom? A Case Study of the Montado, Southern Portugal
Authors: Guimarães Helena , Esgalhado Catarina , Ferraz-de-Oliveira Isabel , Pinto-Correia Teresa
Published: March 2019

In theory, if a new idea offers a good solution for a current problem and is properly widespread, then there is an ongoing brokering process, and, at a certain moment in time, an innovation is no longer considered as such. In the present study, we examine the case of the Montado, an agro-silvo-pastoral system in southern Portugal, to reflect on when and how innovations become custom. Integrating data from 2013 and 2017, we identified innovative initiatives that, if expanded, could reverse the current decline of the Montado system. We categorized the identified innovations as 1) social and institutional, 2) regulations and policies, 3) products and markets, and 4) farming techniques and management practices. Innovation is deemed necessary for the preservation of the Montado, yet initiatives that have existed for over 20 years are still considered innovative and an exception to the rule. At least since 2013, innovationbrokering processes have been attempted, leading us to question why these innovations are not becoming custom. By examining categories of innovations, we suggest that for innovations to become custom, changes in social and institutional arrangements need to be reinforced by regulations and policies that support changes in products and markets as well as by the adoption of new farming techniques and management practices. We conclude by suggesting a research agenda that starts aligning the evolution of the Montado system with the desired future as soon as possible.
Stimulation Effects of Foliar Applied Glycine and Glutamine Amino Acids on Lettuce Growth
Authors: Noroozlo Yaghoub Aghaye , Souri Mohammad Kazem , Delshad Mojtaba
Published: March 2019

Amino acids have various roles in plant metabolism, and exogenous application of amino acids may have benefits and stimulation effects on plant growth and quality. In this study, the growth and nutrient uptake of Romain lettuce (Lactuca sativa subvar Sahara) were evaluated under spray of glycine or glutamine at different concentrations of 0 (as control), 250, 500 and 1000 mg.L-1, as well as a treatment of 250 mg.L-1 glycine+250 mg.L-1 glutamine. The results showed that there was significant increase in leaf total chlorophyll content under Gly250+Glu250, Gly250 and Glu1000 mg.L-1treatments, and in leaf carotenoids content under 250 mg.L-1 glutamine spray compared with the control plants. Shoot fresh and dry weights were highest under 500 mg.L-1 glycine, whereas root fresh weight was highest under 250 mg.L-1 glycine spray. Foliar application of glycine and glutamine had no significant increase in leaf mineral concentrations except for iron, in which 1000 mg.L-1Gly spray resulted in significantly higher leaf Fe concentration compared with the control plants. Leaf vitamin C was increased at 250 and particularly 500 mg.L-1 spray of glycine and glutamine compared with the control. Nevertheless, different amino acid treatments had no significant effect on plant height, leaf SPAD value, root dry weight, and leaf concentrations of N, K, Ca, Mg and Zn. The results indicate that foliar application of glycine and glutamine amino acids can have beneficial effects on lettuce growth, as higher fresh yield, leaf chlorophyll content and vitamin C were obtained by low to moderate concentrations of glycine and/or glutamine amino acids.
Homogeneous visible light mediated transition metal catalysis other than Ruthenium and Iridium
Authors: Traub Lukas , Reiser Oliver
Published: March 2019

The field of photoredox chemistry is dominated by ruthenium- or iridium based metal complexes or organic dyes that are employed as catalysts. Other metal based coordination compounds provide a cost efficient alternative, however, the much shorter excited lifetimes generally observed for such complexes make their application more challenging. Nevertheless, a growing number of successful examples with metal complexes based on chromium, iron, nickel, zirconium, cerium, rhenium, platinum, uranium, and especially on copper exist, which is being reviewed in this chapter.
XRF technique
Authors: Acquafredda Pasquale
Published: March 2019

The techniques of chemical investigation by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are widespread since the 50s of the last century. Depending on the accuracy of the desired data and on the artifact characteristics, they can be used as partially destructive or as absolutely non-destructive and non-invasive techniques. The archeomaterials that can be analyzed are the most disparate: minerals, rocks, metals, building materials, pigments, and so on; practically almost everything that is solid, liquid or gelatinous can be analyzed by XRF. The theoretical physical principles and the main components of X-ray spectrometers, in energy dispersion (ED) and wavelength dispersion (WD), are described, also comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each analytical technique. In the last decades, the diffusion of the ED silicon drift detectors, together with the development of very accurate and high specialized software for quantitative analysis, has given a new impulse to the diffusion of the portable spectrometers offering new possibilities for in situ and very rapid archeomaterial characterizations. Case studies related to different artworks, like ceramics, necklaces, coins, obsidians and other lithic artifacts will also be presented: they show the important contribution that X-ray spectrometer technique gives to solve problems related to the characterization, restoration and to the source identification of the raw materials.
The role of interleukin-9 and interleukin-17 in myocarditis with different etiologies
Authors: Kandemir Gülmez Tuğba , Acipayam Can , Kilinç Metin , Seringeç Akkeçeci Nurten
Published: March 2019

Objective

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle. Prognosis is most often good but, in some patients, the disease can be fulminant. Our aim with this study was to determine interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in myocarditis cases with different etiologies.

Materials and methods

Thirty one patients with myocarditis and 30 healthy controls of similar age and gender without a history of chronic disease were included in the study. All 31 patients were clinically myocarditis. In some of these patients, the cause of myocarditis is acute rheumatic fever or Kawasaki disease. Serum samples of the patients were taken during diagnosis in order to analyze serum IL-9 and IL-17 levels and sedimentation rate, CRP, ASO, pro-BNP, CK-MB, and Troponin-I tests were performed.

Results

It was found that IL-17 levels were statistically significant in all acute rheumatic fever, Myocarditis and Kawasaki patients compared to the control group (p = 0.001) and that cut-off was 4.30 pg/mL. This value was determined to be 71% sensitive and 67% specific for IL-17 (AUC = 0.761).

Conclusions

Both of the mean and median levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in pediatric patients with myocarditis than in healthy children. Our study made us think that complications of myocarditis and associated morbidity can be prevented by IL17 inhibitors. The high levels of IL17 found in our study may be a reference for future study.
Combined P- and S-Wave Measurements by Seismic Dilatometer Test (SPDMT): A Case History in Bondeno (Emilia Romagna, Italy)
Authors: Amoroso Sara , Comina Cesare , Marchetti Diego
Published: March 2019

A new seismic dilatometer (SPDMT) has been developed to combine the measurements of the flat dilatometer (DMT) geotechnical parameters with both P- and S- waves velocities. This new SPDMT is composed of the traditional mechanical DMT and four sensors for measuring the body waves velocities placed above the DMT blade. This SPDMT device is presented here, and the test procedure and the interpretation of P- and S-wave measurements are discussed. Results of the application of this new instrument are reported in a test site located in Bondeno (Emilia Romagna, Italy). Here, challenging water table conditions offer the opportunity to evaluate the advantage of a combined measure of the two propagation velocities, together with DMT geotechnical parameters, with the same apparatus for the porosity evaluation and a more calibrated liquefaction assessment.
Experimental Study of the Influence of Test Chamber Dimensions on Aggressive Intensity of the Cavitating Jet
Authors: Liu Haixia , Kang Can , Soyama Hitoshi
Published: March 2019

The ASTM G134 standard, Standard Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavitating Liquid Jet, provides specifications for assessing the material resistance to the cavitation erosion caused by submerged cavitating jet. Nevertheless, the influence of test chamber dimensions on cavitation erosion is not considered in such an international standard. To fill in the gap, nine test chambers with different chamber lengths and diameters were devised to facilitate a comparative investigation of the cavitation aggressive intensity. The cavitation number was fixed at 0.014. Aluminum (JIS A1070) and stainless steel (JIS SUS316L) specimens were used in the experiment. The results show that at the distance of 19 mm between the nozzle outlet section and the specimen surface, the most severe erosion is accomplished, which is shared by the nine test chambers. Both the mass loss and the erosion rate vary with the test chamber length and diameter. A long test chamber is associated with a low erosion rate. The coefficient of variation on the cumulative erosion rate is 12 %. As the chamber length equals the chamber diameter, the coefficient of variation is 3 %. At the test chamber length of 30 mm and diameter of 40 mm, the maximum erosion rate is higher than its counterparts. The present study provides important data for the ASTM G134 standard to decide the operation parameters and test chamber dimensions.
New Vipulanandan p-q Model for Particle Size Distribution and Groutability Limits for Sandy Soils
Authors: Mahmood Wael , Mohammed Ahmed
Published: March 2019

The particle size distribution (PSD) of the soil fines content and mean particle size (d50) are used in a number of soil property relationships and in the soil classification. To analyze and model PSD using a modified version of the Vipulanandan p-q model, some data collected from several research studies and the results of prediction were compared with the Fredlund and logistic growth models used in the literature. The Vipulanandan p-q model was modified and used to represent the PSD of soils. The Vipulanandan p-q model parameters were correlated very well to various soil properties, such as the diameter in the PSD curve corresponding to 10, 30, 60, and 90 % of finer (d10, d30, d60, and d90, respectively), mean particle size the diameter in the particle size distribution curve corresponding to 50 % finer (d50), and fines content (F%). There was no correlation between the Fredlund model and logistic growth model parameters with the soil properties. Based on the coefficient of determination and root mean square error, the two parameters of the Vipulanandan p-q model predicted the PSDs very well. A current study also had quantified the lower groutability limit based on the d50 and the Vipulanandan p-q model parameters. The relationship between fines content and d50 were also generalized using the Vipulanandan p-q model to quantify the upper and lower groutability limits for sandy soils.
Performance and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Material Graphene Conductivity—A Review
Authors: Nandee Rajib , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Ahmed Mohi Uddin , Shuvho Bengir Ahmed , Debnath Uttam Kumar
Published: March 2019

Graphene material is made from graphite using different techniques. The development of graphene material is now at a very initial stage even though a lot of research is conducted to analyze the electrical and thermal feature of graphene. Graphene is considered an epoch-making invention that has a two-dimensional single lattice. Hexagonal bonding also exists. The main limitation of graphene is that it cannot form a band gap because of its high attraction of intermolecular atoms, but the researchers’ main challenges are to find out the processes by which this critical issue can be solved. As a matter of fact, graphene is the hardest material in the earth today. In the research field, researchers are presently trying to make graphene a conductor or semiconductor by forming energy gaps. In this review article, literature is mentioned to understand the thermal and electrical conductivity of graphene in various layers through the process of emissivity, microwave absorption, etc. This article can be considered state of art for future research in the industry.
Genome and Ontogenetic-Based Transcriptomic Analyses of the Flesh Fly,Sarcophaga bullata
Authors: Martinson Ellen O , Peyton Justin , Kelkar Yogeshwar D , Jennings Emily C , Benoit Joshua B , Werren John H , Denlinger David L
Published: March 2019

The flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, is a widely-used model for examining the physiology of insect diapause, development, stress tolerance, neurobiology, and host-parasitoid interactions. Flies in this taxon are implicated in myiasis (larval infection of vertebrates) and feed on carrion, aspects that are important in forensic studies. Here we present the genome of S. bullata, along with developmental- and reproduction-based RNA-Seq analyses. We predict 15,768 protein coding genes, identify orthology in relation to closely related flies, and establish sex and developmental-specific gene sets based on our RNA-Seq analyses. Genomic sequences, predicted genes, and sequencing data sets have been deposited at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Our results provide groundwork for genomic studies that will expand the flesh fly’s utility as a model system.