bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispositifs médicaux en e-santé – Oxymètres & tensiomètres connectés
Authors: Aviña Eli Gabriel , Castaño Fabian , Escriba Christophe , Fourniols Jean Yves , Soto-Romero Georges
Published: September 2022

Dans le cadre du cursus de 1ere année cycle ingénieur santé à ISIS Castres, les étudiants sont amenés à approfondir leurs connaissances en électronique dans le domaine des capteurs biomédicaux. En faisant du reverse engineering, ils identifient les étapes de mesure de plusieurs dispositifs médicaux (vues dans des cours précédents), et avec quelques bases en électronique embarquée et IoT (Internet of Things), ils utilisent une approche Do It Yourself (DIY), pour construire leurs propres prototypes d’oxymètres de pouls, et comparer ceux-ci avec les oxymètres du commerce disponibles dans la salle de Travaux Pratiques.
Construction et caractérisation d’un colorimètre ou comment faire un lien entre la physico-chimie et l’électronique dans une formation en instrumentation
Authors: Baranowski Sylvie , Devos Olivier
Published: September 2022

Le papier présente un sujet de projet tutoré réalisé par des étudiants de 4e année de formation d’ingénieurs en instrumentation « multi-domaine » (électronique, optique et chimie). Le but de ce projet est d’associer les diverses matières qu'ils étudient afin de leur montrer que les enseignements qu’ils reçoivent ne sont pas cloisonnés mais forment un tout. Ce projet consiste en la conception et la caractérisation d'une chaîne de mesure spectroscopique, un colorimètre dans le cas présenté ici, il permet aux étudiants de mettre en oeuvre les compétences acquises en physico-chimie, en électronique et en traitement des données.
Une approche simplifiée de l´apprentissage par projet dans le master sciences et numérique pour la santé
Authors: González-Posada Flores Fernando
Published: September 2022

L'Université de Montpellier propose un master en Sciences et Numérique de la Santé. Les étudiants qui candidatent et s’y inscrivent sont issus de parcours très hétérogènes : licences de biologie, ingénierie, électronique, physique, médecine, odontologie, pharmacie. L’objectif de cette communication est de vous présenter la version simplifiée de l’apprentissage par projet que nous avons adoptée comme méthodologie de travail avec nos étudiants. Cette méthodologie est utilisée par une partie de l’équipe pédagogique de l’unité d'enseignement (UE) intitulée : « Acquisition et traitement des signaux pour le biomédical ». Le recours à des situations comportant des problèmes à résoudre (PROSITs) constitue le pilier de l´apprentissage par projet. Force est de constater que la diversité du premier cycle de formation des étudiants enrichit leurs interactions et leur approche, individuelle au sein du groupe, mais aussi collective. La chronologie temporale d´un PROSIT est d’une semaine. Le caractère d’urgence simulé par les mises en scène a une incidence claire et directe sur la motivation et l’implication des étudiants. Ils mobilisent leurs compétences : les savoirs, savoir-faire et
savoir-être, de manière globale, grâce au travail en groupe ; par ailleurs, les objectifs en termes de connaissances sont référencés dans la maquette pédagogique de l´UE : ce savoir est dispensé sous un format plus standard, des cours magistraux (CM) avec travaux dirigés (TD). Dans le contexte d´un master avec une population ayant des parcours universitaires multiples et variés cette approche pédagogique peut être utilisée ou adaptée sans difficulté. Une co-évaluation du dispositif est formalisée ; elle intègre les avis des étudiants des cinq dernières promotions (2015 à 2020), qui sont recueillis au sein d’un débat-forum.
Utilisation d’une carte Raspberry PI 3 sous Matlab/Simulink dans un contexte d’Automatique temps réel
Authors: Dorléans Philippe , Fleury Hervé , Magarotto Éric
Published: September 2022

Dans le cadre de l'enseignement de l'Automatique continue et échantillonnée à l’école d’ingénieurs ESIX Normandie département MeSN (Mécatronique et Systèmes Nomades) et à l'UFR des Sciences à Caen en cycles Licence (L3) et Master EEEA (Electronique, Energie Electrique, Automatique), nous présentons une solution à faible coût permettant de faire de l’acquisition de données et de la commande de procédés en temps réel en utilisant l’environnement logiciel Matlab/Simulink. Cette solution est basée sur l’utilisation d’une carte de type Raspberry Pi associée à une carte de conversion AN/NA. Le spectre des fonctionnalités de la carte Raspberry Pi est assez large. Nous proposons ici de l’utiliser pour répondre à différents aspects d’un problème d’Automatique en temps réel (identification et commande).
Développement d’un connecteur logiciel pour l’apprentissage de l’automatisme
Authors: Philippot Alexandre , Lecasse Stéphane , Riera Bernard , Gellot François
Published: September 2022

L’apprentissage de l’automatisme s’adresse aujourd’hui à un public d’étudiants ayant pour la plupart avant tout un background informatique. Ils/elles passent par des phases d’apprentissage de langages compilés et/ou interprétés. Il est compliqué alors pour eux de passer d’une réflexion informatique avec un langage venant du monde de l’IT (Information Technology) vers la programmation d’Automates Programmable Industriel (API), au comportement cyclique, synchrone et aux langages normalisés (IEC 61131-3) issu du monde de l’OT (Operational Technology). Ce papier présente une proposition de mise en place d’un connecteur logiciel entre ces deux mondes aux travers de l’utilisation d’un logiciel de simulation de Parties Opératives Factory I/O (realgames.co) et du langage Python.
Multi-instrument detection in Europe of ionospheric disturbances caused by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano
Authors: Verhulst Tobias G.W. , Altadill David , Barta Veronika , Belehaki Anna , Burešová Dalia , Cesaroni Claudio , Galkin Ivan , Guerra Marco , Ippolito Alessandro , Herekakis Themistocles , Kouba Daniel , Mielich Jens , Segarra Antoni , Spogli Luca , Tsagouri Ioanna
Published: September 2022

The 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga volcano provides a unique opportunity to study the reaction of the ionosphere to large explosive events. In particular, this event allows us to study the global propagation of travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) using various instruments. We focus on detecting the ionospheric disturbances caused by this eruption over Europe, where dense networks of both ionosondes and GNSS receivers are available. This event took place on the day of a geomagnetic storm. We show how data from different instruments and observatories can be combined to distinguish the TIDs produced by the eruption from those caused by concurrent geomagnetic activity. The Lamb wavefront was detected as the strongest disturbance in the ionosphere, travelling between 300 and 340 m/s, consistent with the disturbances in the lower atmosphere. By comparing observations obtained from multiple types of instruments, we also show that TIDs produced by various mechanisms are present simultaneously, with different types of waves affecting different physical quantities. This illustrates the importance of analysing data from multiple independent instruments in order to obtain a full picture of an event like this one, as relying on only a single data source might result in some effects going unobserved.
Metformin is Protective Against the Development of Mood Disorders
Authors: Lake Jacqueline , Bortolasci Chiara C. , Stuart Amanda L. , Pasco Julie A. , Kidnapillai Srisaiyini , Spolding Briana , Truong Trang T. T. , Panizzutti Bruna , Liu Zoe S. J. , Dean Olivia M. , Crowley Tamsyn , Richardson Mark , Kim Jee Hyun , Berk Michael , Williams Lana J. , Walder Ken
Published: September 2022

Introduction Mood disorders are a major cause of disability, and current treatment options are inadequate for reducing the burden on a global scale. The aim of this project was to identify drugs suitable for repurposing to treat mood disorders.

Methods This mixed-method study utilized gene expression signature technology and pharmacoepidemiology to investigate drugs that may be suitable for repurposing to treat mood disorders.

Results The transcriptional effects of a combination of drugs commonly used to treat mood disorders included regulation of the steroid and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathways, suggesting a mechanism involving cholesterol biosynthesis, and effects on the thyroid hormone signaling pathway. Connectivity Map analysis highlighted metformin, an FDA-approved treatment for type 2 diabetes, as a drug having global transcriptional effects similar to the mood disorder drug combination investigated. In a retrospective cohort study, we found evidence that metformin is protective against the onset of mood disorders.

Discussion These results provide proof-of-principle of combining gene expression signature technology with pharmacoepidemiology to identify potential novel drugs for treating mood disorders. Importantly, metformin may have utility in the treatment of mood disorders, warranting future randomized controlled trials to test its efficacy.
Radical Nephrectomy in Renal Cell Carcinoma with Venous Tumoral Thrombus: Long-term Outcomes and Overall Survival
Authors: Mosquera Aysa Vanessa , Barco-Castillo Catalina , Camacho Diego , Correa José , Varela Rodolfo , Citarella Danilo , Cabrera Marino
Published: September 2022

Objective To describe the five-year overall survival (OS) and perioperative morbidity of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) treated through radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy.

Materials and Methods We evaluated a cohort of 530 patients with a diagnosis of RCC from January 2009 to December 2019, and found VTT in 42 of them; these 42 patients composed the study sample. The patients were stratified according to the Neves Thrombus Classification (NTC). The baseline and perioperative characteristics, as well as the follow-up, were described. The Kaplan-Meier curve and its respective Cox regression were applied to present the 5-year OS and the OS stratified by the NTC.

Results The average age of the sample was of 63.19 ± 10.7 years, and there were no differences regarding gender. In total, VTT was present in 7.9% of the patients. According to the NTC, 30.9% of the cases corresponded to level I, 21.4%, to level II, 26.1%, to level III, and 21.4%, to level IV. The 5-year OS was of 88%. For level-I and level-II patients, the 5-year OS was of 100%, and of only 38% among level-IV patients. Complications, mostly minor, occurred in 57% of the cases.

Conclusions Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy is a morbid procedure; however, most complications are minor, and the five-year mortality is null for patients in NTC levels I and II, and low for levels III and IV, and it may be even lower in level-III patients when standardizing transesophageal echocardiogram intraoperatively and routinary extracorporeal bypass. Thus, we recommend considering this surgery as the first-line management in patients with RCC and VTT.
Are lawyer-lobbyists answerable to ‘a higher authority’? Bar association rules as lobbying regulation in the EU and the USA
Authors: Korkea-aho Emilia
Published: September 2022

This legal comparative article analyzes the regulatory framework of lobbying services provided by law firms in the European Union and the USA. The comparison of regulation between the jurisdictions focuses on three aspects: (1) the definition of lobbying, (2) the legal advice exception, and (3) alignment with bar association rules. While the EU and the USA are largely aligned on the first two points, the differences emerge with respect to the third. The EU regulatory framework ignores lawyers’ professional obligations, which, together with the bar associations’ half-hearted embrace of lobbying rules, is found to be the main reason why law firms in the EU fly under the regulatory radar. With lawyers increasingly becoming involved in the lobbying and advocacy market, the EU and its Member States need to bring their rules on par with the US regulatory model that acknowledges bar association rules as lobbying regulation.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K1 of the air-kerma standards of the KRISS, Republic of Korea and the BIPM in 60Co gamma radiation
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D , Yi Chul-Young , Kim Yun Ho , Seong Young Min
Published: September 2022

Main text

A new key comparison of the standards for air kerma of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Republic of Korea, and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the 60Co radiation beam of the BIPM in March 2022. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for two transfer chambers and expressed as a ratio of the KRISS and the BIPM standards for air kerma, is 1.0006 with a combined standard uncertainty of 1.8 parts in 103. The result agrees within the uncertainties with the direct comparison carried out in 2010. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Mechanical properties, microstructure, and texture evolution of copper sheets subjected to differential speed rolling process
Authors: Lee Jongbeom , Jeong Haguk , Lee Gunha , Jung Taekkyun
Published: September 2022

Copper sheets were subjected to differential speed rolling (DSR) at roll speed ratios (RSRs) from 1 to 3. The effects of the RSR on the yield strength, uniform strain, microstructure, and texture evolution in the copper sheets were investigated. The grain refinement and uniformity were obviously enhanced, the yield strength and uniform strains increased slightly, and the shear texture components were further widely distributed when the RSR was increased up to 2. At RSR = 3, the yield strength decreased, with a distinct increase in the uniform strains due to dynamic recovery and recrystallization as a result of the steep reduction in the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density and the grain orientation spread (GOS), thereby increasing the work hardening coefficient (n) and decreasing the work hardening rate (θ).
Berezin transform of products of Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space
Authors: Xia Jingbo
Published: September 2022

Let

H
2

(
S
)

H^2(S)

be the Hardy space on the unit sphere in

C

n

\mathbf {C}^n

. We show that there are Toeplitz operators

T
f

T_f

and

T
g

T_g

on

H
2

(
S
)

H^2(S)

such that the product

T
f

T
g

T_fT_g

is not compact and yet

‖

T
f

T
g

k
z

‖

\|T_fT_gk_z\|

tends to

0
0

as

|

z

|

→
1

|z| \rightarrow 1

. Consequently, the Berezin transform

⟨

T
f

T
g

k
z

,

k
z

⟩

\langle T_fT_gk_z,k_z\rangle

tends to

0
0

as

|

z

|

→
1

|z| \rightarrow 1

.
On an exponential sum related to the Möbius function
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: September 2022

Let

μ
(
n
)

\mu (n)

be the Möbius function and

e
(
α
)
=

e

2
π
i
α

e(\alpha )=e^{2\pi i\alpha }

. In this paper, we study upper bounds of the classical sum
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S left-parenthesis x comma alpha right-parenthesis colon-equal sigma-summation Underscript 1 less-than-or-equal-to n less-than-or-equal-to x Endscripts mu left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis e left-parenthesis alpha n right-parenthesis period">

S
(
x
,
α
)
≔

∑

1
≤
n
≤
x

μ
(
n
)
e
(
α
n
)
.

S(x,\alpha )≔\sum _{1\leq n\leq x}\mu (n)e(\alpha n).

\]
We can improve some classical results of Baker and Harman [J. London Math. Soc. (2) 43 (1991), pp. 193–198].
Stability and bifurcation in a single species with nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Guo Shangjiang
Published: September 2022

A single-species model subject to nonlinear boundary conditions is investigated. Existence, nonexistence, and local/global asymptotical stability of positive steady-state solutions are shown to identify the ranges of parameters, the growth rate functions, and boundary reaction functions. In particular, we show that the model can have multiple equilibria and in some parameter ranges can support Allee effects.
Race Differences in the Association Between Binge Drinking and Treatment Among First-Time Justice-System-Impacted Youth
Authors: Kan Emily , Riano Nicholas , Beardslee Jordan , Frick Paul , Steinberg Laurence , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Aims

We aim to determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the association between binge drinking frequency and community-based alcohol treatment among justice-system-impacted adolescents and young adults.

Methods

We examined whether race/ethnicity moderated the relation between binge drinking and youths’ likelihood of receiving alcohol treatment. The sample included 1216 male, first-time-arrested youth from the Crossroads Study (2011–2018). Participants were recruited from CA, PA and LA.

Results

Among youth who binge drank occasionally, Black youth were less likely to receive alcohol treatment than White (b = −0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.13, −0.04]) and Hispanic/Latino (b = −0.06, 95% CI [−0.09, −0.02]) youth. There were no differences between the White and Hispanic/Latino youth. Black youth who were frequent binge drinkers were as likely to receive alcohol treatment as White youth who binge drank significantly less often. There were no racial/ethnic differences in alcohol treatment at the highest level of binge drinking.

Conclusion

Black youth who binge drink occasionally are less likely than White youth to receive alcohol treatment. The present findings highlight a need for efforts to mitigate racial disparities in access to or motivations to seek community-based treatment.
Incorporating Intersectionality in Neuropsychology: Moving the Discipline Forward
Authors: Fujii Daryl E M
Published: September 2022

Objective

Intersectionality is the interface between a person’s identities in relation to social systems and institutional discrimination. The concept has generated much interest in psychology for understanding societal inequities and providing culturally informed services to minoritized patients but has yet to be incorporated in clinical neuropsychology. This omission is unfortunate as it is argued that appreciating the impact of institutional discrimination on minoritized groups can enhance our understanding of brain organization and functioning and bolster access to competent neuropsychological services to minoritized patients. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how intersectionality is germane to the discipline of clinical neuropsychology and to make recommendations for infusing it into the practice.

Method

Theories and findings in cultural neuroscience are summarized to provide a theoretical background for understanding how the environment can impact brain development and organization. The literature on disparities in education, economics, and health disparities between Whites and minoritized groups was reviewed for institutional biases that place minoritized groups at a disadvantage. These topics were selected due to their known impact on brain organization and cognition. This was followed by a similar review for access to competent neuropsychological assessments for minoritized patients.

Results

There is a confluence of institutional discriminatory processes that contribute to disparities in education attainment, economic status, health disparities, and accessibility to culturally informed neuropsychological services. Perceived discrimination has significant health and cognitive ramifications.

Conclusions

Intersectionality is germane to appreciating brain functioning and providing competent services to minoritized patients. Recommendations were made to incorporate intersectionality in clinical neuropsychology.
Efficacy difference of antipsychotics in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia: explained with network efficiency and pathway analysis methods
Authors: Fan Peihao , Kofler Julia , Ding Ying , Marks Michael , Sweet Robert A , Wang Lirong
Published: September 2022

Approximately 50% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients will develop psychotic symptoms and these patients will experience severe rapid cognitive decline compared with those without psychosis (AD-P). Currently, no medication has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for AD with psychosis (AD+P) specifically, although atypical antipsychotics are widely used in clinical practice. These drugs have demonstrated modest efficacy in managing psychosis in individuals with AD, with an increased frequency of adverse events, including excess mortality. We compared the differences between the genetic variations/genes associated with AD+P and schizophrenia from existing Genome-Wide Association Study and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We also constructed disease-specific protein–protein interaction networks for AD+P and schizophrenia. Network efficiency was then calculated to characterize the topological structures of these two networks. The efficiency of antipsychotics in these two networks was calculated. A weight adjustment based on binding affinity to drug targets was later applied to refine our results, and 2013 and 2123 genes were identified as related to AD+P and schizophrenia, respectively, with only 115 genes shared. Antipsychotics showed a significantly lower efficiency in the AD+P network than in the schizophrenia network (P < 0.001) indicating that antipsychotics may have less impact in AD+P than in schizophrenia. AD+P may be caused by mechanisms distinct from those in schizophrenia which result in a decreased efficacy of antipsychotics in AD+P. In addition, the network analysis methods provided quantitative explanations of the lower efficacy of antipsychotics in AD+P.
Genetic regulatory and biological implications of the 10q24.32 schizophrenia risk locus
Authors: Wang Junyang , Liu Jiewei , Li Shiwu , Li Xiaoyan , Yang Jinfeng , Dang Xinglun , Mu Changgai , Li Yifan , Li Kaiqin , Li Jiao , Chen Rui , Liu Yixing , Huang Di , Zhang Zhijun , Luo Xiong-Jian
Published: September 2022

Genome-wide association studies have identified 10q24.32 as a robust schizophrenia risk locus. Here we identify a regulatory variant (rs10786700) that disrupts binding of transcription factors at 10q24.32. We independently confirmed the association between rs10786700 and schizophrenia in a large Chinese cohort (n = 11 547) and uncovered the biological mechanism underlying this association. We found that rs10786700 resides in a super-enhancer element that exhibits dynamic activity change during the development process and that the risk allele (C) of rs10786700 conferred significant lower enhancer activity through enhancing binding affinity to repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST). CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing identified SUFU as a potential target gene by which rs10786700 might exert its risk effect on schizophrenia, as deletion of rs10786700 downregulated SUFU expression. We further investigated the role of Sufu in neurodevelopment and found that Sufu knockdown inhibited proliferation of neural stem cells and neurogenesis, affected molecular pathways (including neurodevelopment-related pathways, PI3K-Akt and ECM-receptor interaction signalling pathways) associated with schizophrenia and altered the density of dendritic spines. These results reveal that the functional risk single nucleotide polymorphism rs10786700 at 10q24.32 interacts with REST synergistically to regulate expression of SUFU, a novel schizophrenia risk gene which is involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis by affecting neurodevelopment and spine morphogenesis.
Differential regulation of insulin signalling by monomeric and oligomeric amyloid beta-peptide
Authors: Molina-Fernández Rubén , Picón-Pagès Pol , Barranco-Almohalla Alejandro , Crepin Giulia , Herrera-Fernández Víctor , García-Elías Anna , Fanlo-Ucar Hugo , Fernàndez-Busquets Xavier , García-Ojalvo Jordi , Oliva Baldomero , Muñoz Francisco J
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease and Type 2 diabetes are pathological processes associated to ageing. Moreover, there are evidences supporting a mechanistic link between Alzheimer’s disease and insulin resistance (one of the first hallmarks of Type 2 diabetes). Regarding Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid β-peptide aggregation into β-sheets is the main hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. At monomeric state, amyloid β-peptide is not toxic but its function in brain, if any, is unknown. Here we show, by in silico study, that monomeric amyloid β-peptide 1-40 shares the tertiary structure with insulin and is thereby able to bind and activate insulin receptor. We validated this prediction experimentally by treating human neuroblastoma cells with increasing concentrations of monomeric amyloid β-peptide 1-40. Our results confirm that monomeric amyloid β-peptide 1-40 activates insulin receptor autophosphorylation, triggering downstream enzyme phosphorylations and the glucose Transporter 4 translocation to the membrane. On the other hand, neuronal insulin resistance is known to be associated to Alzheimer’s disease since early stages. We thus modelled the docking of oligomeric amyloid β-peptide 1-40 to insulin receptor. We found that oligomeric amyloid β-peptide 1-40 blocks insulin receptor, impairing its activation. It was confirmed in vitro by observing the lack of insulin receptor autophosphorylation, and also the impairment of insulin-induced intracellular enzyme activations and the glucose Transporter 4 translocation to the membrane. By biological system analysis, we have carried out a mathematical model recapitulating the process that turns amyloid β-peptide binding to insulin receptor from the physiological to the pathophysiological regime. Our results suggest that monomeric amyloid β-peptide 1-40 contributes to mimic insulin effects in the brain, which could be good when neurons have an extra requirement of energy beside the well-known protective effects on insulin intracellular signalling, while its accumulation and subsequent oligomerization blocks the insulin receptor producing insulin resistance and compromising neuronal metabolism and protective pathways.
Simultaneous Determination of Esafoxolaner, Eprinomectin, Praziquantel, BHT and Their Related Substances in a Topical Finished Product by a Single Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method
Authors: Chopra Shilpi , Padivitage Nilusha , Zhao Daoli , Rustum Abu M
Published: September 2022

The topical product with three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), namely, esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel has demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of cats with mixed infections with ectoparasites and nematodes and cestodes. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for assay and determination of related substances peaks of three APIs including the assay of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the finished product. Analytes were separated on a short Zorbax SB-C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size, pore size: 80 Å) with gradient elution at 40 °C column temperature. Analytes were detected at 245 nm for praziquantel, esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and their degradation products. BHT and eprinomectin degradation product 8a-oxo-B1a were detected at 280 nm. All analytes of interest were adequately separated within 40 min. The assay for praziquantel, esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and BHT was conducted against their corresponding external reference standards. The related substances peaks of each API were determined by peak area and relative response factor against total peak area of their corresponding API peak in sample solution. This method has been demonstrated to be accurate, robust, specific and stability indicating.
163. ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATIONS – A POPULATION-BASED NATIONWIDE STUDY IN SWEDEN WITH SURVIVAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Edholm David , Andersson Roland , Frankel Adam
Published: September 2022

Esophageal perforation is a rare and life-threatening condition with several treatment options. The aim was to assess the incidence, type of treatment and mortality of esophageal perforations in Sweden and to identify risk factors for 90-day mortality.

All patients admitted with an esophageal perforation from 2007–2017 were identified from the National Patient Register. Mortality was assessed by linkage with the Cause of Death Registry. We analyze the incidence and the impact of age, sex, comorbidities on mortality.

879 patients with esophageal perforation were identified, giving an incidence rate of 1.09 per 100,000 person years. Median age at diagnosis was 68.8 years and 60% were men. The mortality was 26% at 90 days. Independent risk factors for death within 90 days were age (Odds Ratio (OR) OR 6.20 95% CI 2.16–17.79 at 60–74 years and OR 11.58 95% CI 4.04–33.15 at 75 years or older), peripheral vascular disease (OR 2.92 95% CI 1.44–5.92) and underlying malignant disease (OR 5.91 95% CI 3.86–9.03).

90-day mortality was 26%, old age, vascular disease and underlying malignant disease were risk factors. In patients younger than 45 years survival was lower among women than among men (at five years 73% and 93% respectively). Cause of death among young women was often drug-related or suicide.
EACVI SIMULATOR-online study: evaluation of transoesophageal echocardiography knowledge and skills of young cardiologists
Authors: Pezel Théo , Coisne Augustin , Michalski Błażej , Soliman Hatem , Ajmone Nina , Nijveldt Robin , Stankovic Ivan , Donal Erwan , van der Maaten Joost , Papadopoulos Constantinos , Edvardsen Thor , Muraru Denisa , Petersen Steffen E , Cosyns Bernard , Bäck Magnus , Bertrand Philippe B , Haugaa Kristina H , Keenan Niall , Donal Erwan , Cosyns Bernard
Published: September 2022

Aims

To assess the level of transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) knowledge and skills of young cardiologists.

Methods and results

A European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) online study using the first fully virtual simulation-based software was conducted in two periods (9–12 December 2021 and 10–13 April 2022). All young cardiologists eligible to participate (<40 years) across the world were invited to participate. After a short survey, each participant completed two tests: a theoretical test to assess TOE knowledge and a practical test using an online TOE simulator to investigate TOE skills. Among 716 young cardiologists from 81 countries, the mean theoretical test score was 56.8 ± 20.9 points, and the mean practical test score was 47.4 ± 7.2 points (/100 points max each), including 18.4 ± 8.7 points for the acquisition test score and 29.0 ± 6.7 points for the anatomy test score (/50 points max each). Acquisition test scores were higher for four-chamber (2.3 ± 1.5 points), two-chamber (2.2 ± 1.4 points) and three-chamber views (2.3 ± 1.4 points) than for other views (all P < 0.001). Prior participation to a TOE simulation-based training session, a higher number of TOE exams performed per week, and EACVI certification for TOE were independently associated with a higher global score (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Online evaluation of young cardiologists around the world showed a relatively low level of TOE skills and knowledge. Prior participation to a TOE simulation-based training session, a higher number of TOE exams performed per week, and the EACVI certification for TOE were independently associated with a higher global score.
Spatiotemporal variation in upper crustal seismic anisotropy and VP/VS ratio in Groningen gas field, Netherlands: insights from shear wave splitting
Authors: Kim Jaewoo , Kim YoungHee
Published: September 2022

We investigated pore fluid characteristics of reservoir at the Groningen gas field, Netherlands using seismic anisotropy from shear wave splitting. We obtained 663 high-quality splitting parameters, such as delay time (δt) and fast-axis direction (φ), from local induced earthquakes that occurred during 2014–2020. We then conducted δt tomography and spatial averaging of φ to probe the spatiotemporal changes in the parameters. Our results demonstrate that crustal anisotropy in Groningen is closely related to changes in fluid flow and compaction of the reservoir. Low anisotropy strength (normalized delay time, δtn) was detected near shut-in wells where considerable reservoir compaction has occurred, whereas high anisotropy strength occurred near operating wells with less compaction. The temporal variation in δtn further shows that the long-term trend is distinctly different between the shut-in and production wells: while δtn near the shut-in wells remained nearly constant at <6 ms km–1 during the entire period, δtn near the operating wells notably showed high values exceeding 10 ms km–1 in 2015 and a decreasing trend until 2017. In addition to this long-term variation, short-term δtn variation was observed, which can be related to fluid flow perturbations owing to seasonal gas production fluctuations. The φ values along the NNW–SSE, WNW–ESE and E–W directions could be related to not only the in situ maximum horizontal stress direction but also the gas flow direction near the extraction wells. The observed negative relationship between the spatial distribution of P-to-S velocity ratio and the anisotropy strength can potentially indicate that gas-filled pore spaces are dominant in the reservoir.
Natural products of medicinal plants: biosynthesis and bioengineering in post-genomic era
Authors: Guo Li , Yao Hui , Chen Weikai , Wang Xumei , Ye Peng , Xu Zhichao , Zhang Sisheng , Wu Hong
Published: September 2022

Globally, medicinal plant natural products (PNPs) are a major source of substances used in traditional and modern medicine. As we human race face the tremendous public health challenge posed by emerging infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and surging drug prices etc., harnessing the healing power of medicinal plants gifted from mother nature is more urgent than ever in helping us survive future challenge in a sustainable way. PNP research efforts in the pre-genomic era focus on discovering bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical activities, and identifying individual genes responsible for biosynthesis. Critically, systemic biological, multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches integrating and interrogating all accessible data from genomics, metabolomics, structural biology, and chemical informatics are necessary to accelerate the full characterization of biosynthetic and regulatory circuitry for producing PNPs in medicinal plants. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief update on the current research of PNPs in medicinal plants by focusing on how different state-of-the-art biotechnologies facilitate their discovery, the molecular basis of their biosynthesis, as well as synthetic biology. Finally, we humbly provide a foresight of the research trend for understanding the biology of medicinal plants in the coming decades.
The IO Effect: International Actors and Service Delivery in Refugee Crises
Authors: Cammett Melani , Şaşmaz Aytuğ
Published: September 2022

How do international organizations (IOs) affect access to social services for refugees and host country nationals during humanitarian crises? We explore the quality of care received by Syrian refugees and Lebanese nationals in Lebanese health facilities using data from original surveys in a nationally representative sample of health centers. Given its importance as a site of interactions with host country nationals, health is a key arena for studying local behavior toward refugees. Much research on refugees and intergroup relations suggests that Syrians would receive inferior services, yet other approaches would predict equitable treatment, whether due to intrinsic or extrinsic motivations. We find no difference in the quality of care for Syrians and Lebanese and argue that the comparatively equitable treatment of refugees stems from incentives from IOs at both the organizational and individual levels—a phenomenon we call the “IO effect.” The study advances research on IOs and humanitarian crises by focusing on behavior and not only attitudes toward refugees and by highlighting the role of IOs in shaping the experience of everyday life for refugees.
Profiling abundance, size, and shell utilization patterns ofCoenobita clypeatus(Fabricius, 1787) (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in protected and highly frequented beaches in Puerto Rico
Authors: Torres-Torres Francisco J , González-Colón Ana D , Negrón-Moreno Paola N , Rivera-Rosado Naishka C , Cruz-Reyes Enrique , De Jesús-Burgos María I
Published: September 2022

The coastal Caribbean is a well-known harbor for biodiversity, yet it is mainly valued for its ample resources and services. Economic interests typically supersede conservation efforts, introducing anthropogenic-related factors such as noise, chemical pollution, and geographical disturbances into the littoral zone, where ecological diversity is abundant. Although human activity is known to be detrimental to biodiversity across habitats, the effect of conservation measures that limit anthropogenic activity on coastal populations remains understudied. To measure the benefit of conservation in the littoral environment, we sampled populations of the hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius, 1787) of highly frequented (non-protected) and protected beaches in northern Puerto Rico. We profiled 1,119 individuals by using transects, describing their size and shell utilization patterns during winter and summer. The C. clypeatus population was larger (P < 0.0001 during both seasons) and more abundant (P = 0.0006 during winter, P < 0.0038 during summer) in the protected beach than in the non-protected beach, with no effect of season. Shell utilization patterns were more consistent in the protected beach, likely due to the greater availability of gastropod shells. These results suggest that the conservation measures implemented in the protected beach promote the survival, reproduction, and growth of hermit crabs in the location. Expansion of protected habitats through governmental and civilian efforts should enhance the conservation of the biodiversity of protected areas.
Pre-perception and accurate recognition of coal–rock interface based on active excitation infrared characterization
Authors: Wang Haijian , Liu Lili , Zhao Xuemei , Huang Mengdie , Wu Zhenyu , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2022

Existing perception and identification methods for coal–rock interfaces are generally based on various cutting signals during shearer mining, but they cannot achieve pre-perception. Further, some pre-identification methods are significantly affected by the mining environment and cannot achieve accurate identification. In this study, a universal method is proposed to achieve pre-perception and accurate recognition of coal–rock interfaces. Using the coal–rock interface identification test-bed, active excitation infrared images of coal–rock were tested with different excitation time, distance, and intensities, and an image dataset was built for training the universal network model. This was done primarily to improve the universality of the model for infrared image identification of coal–rock under various parameter conditions. Second, the pyramid pooling module and MobileNetV2 were used to effectively extract the semantic features from the infrared images. Meanwhile, a convolutional block attention module was employed to improve the coal–rock interface identification ability of the proposed network. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed network model was tested on the infrared image dataset. The experimental results demonstrated that the memory occupied by the proposed network model is 9.12 MB, the test time is 38.46 ms/piece, and the intersection of union of coal and rock is 98.07 and 98.38%, respectively. Additionally, the pixel accuracy of coal and rock is 98.68 and 99.50%, respectively, which is significantly higher compared to other network models. Based on the constructed multi-parameter universality dataset, the proposed identification model of a coal–rock interface has good adaptability to active excitation infrared images acquired by different parameters and could provide the theoretical foundation and technical premise to achieve automated and intelligent mining.
Prospects and problems of vertical greening within low-income urban settings in sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Adegun Olumuyiwa Bayode , Olusoga Olawale Oreoluwa , Mbuya Elinorata Celestine
Published: September 2022

Growing plants along the vertical axis of a building façade is currently re-emerging as a technique for (re)integration of greening into the urban fabric. This article reports an exploratory study that involved the design, development and evaluation of vertical greening within low-income communities in Lagos, Akure (Nigeria) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). We highlight the vertical gardens’ contributions to food production (vegetables). Challenges identified include high maintenance, pests, vandalism, tenure status and socio-cultural misgivings about growing vegetables on walls. It is crucial to evolve policy initiatives and programmes that promote citizen-led, community-based vertical farming within the urban fabric in sub-Sahara Africa.
Lost, Burned and Recovered: Tracing the Provenance History of a Copy of Caxton’s Golden Legend in the John Rylands Library
Authors: Kato Takako
Published: September 2022

On 29 June 1865, a fire at Sotheby’s in London destroyed extensive libraries prior to their sales. Among them was a copy of William Caxton’s Golden Legend owned by George Offor. This article demonstrates that this copy, hitherto believed to be lost, managed to survive the fire and now is Incunable Collection R4591 in the John Rylands Library at the University of Manchester. Further evidence confirms that before it was put on sale, Offor used it as ‘a hospital copy’ in order to ‘sophisticate’ other copies of the Golden Legend. This article also argues that prior to Offor’s ownership the copy was in the hands of a publisher and bookseller William Pickering, and he too removed several leaves from it and repurposed them. By filling the gap in the provenance history of this copy, this article throws further light on the antiquarian book trade in the nineteenth century.
Virtual Management of Chronic Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Primary Care Providers and Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Gray Caroline , Ambady Leena , Chao Shirley , Smith William , Yoon Jean
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The abrupt change in care delivery caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic may have left some patients, particularly those with chronic conditions, unable to receive timely and appropriate routine care. Understanding the effect of the pandemic and the switch to virtual care for patients with chronic conditions requires in-depth qualitative feedback from providers who care for these patients.

Materials and Methods

We interviewed 13 primary care providers and clinical pharmacists from the Veterans Health Administration. Interviews elicited experiences managing patients with chronic conditions, specifically diabetes and hypertension, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We employed a rapid analytic approach for data analysis.

Results

In general, interview participants maintained that most patients’ chronic conditions could be managed remotely without significant disruption. However, patients who lack familiarity with technology and/or reliable broadband access, patients not compliant with recommended self-assessments, and older patients with hearing loss or cognitive disorders may be more difficult to manage virtually. Although providers reported minimal disruptions to care because of the pandemic, they did note that the closure of labs and experiences of social isolation may have negatively impacted patients. Providers suggested optimizing virtual management through more robust patient instruction on virtual care technology, increased use of Veterans Affairs home health services, and removing institutional barriers that may de-incentivize virtual care modalities.

Conclusions

For many patients with chronic conditions, virtual care is a promising approach to provide ongoing management in primary care. However, more tailored strategies may be needed to care for sicker, more vulnerable patients.
Computed spectroscopic properties of HCN, HNC, and all their D, 13C, and 15N substituted isotopologues
Authors: Mehnen Bilel , Suarez Martin Ignacio , Roueff Evelyne , Hochlaf Majdi , Nyman Gunnar
Published: September 2022

Starting from ab initio electronic structure data, we develop parametrized analytic potential energy surfaces for the HCN and HNC isomers by variationally calculating rovibrational energy levels and adjusting the potential parameters so as to get agreement with experimentally derived transition frequencies to within about 1 cm−1. We also determine an analytic expression in terms of molecular parameters to effortlessly calculate the rovibrational energy levels. We use the obtained empirical potentials to calculate rovibrational levels for eight isotopologues of HCN and eight of HNC up to about 4000 cm−1 above the ground state. The energy levels are estimated to be accurate to within about 3 cm−1 based on comparison to experimental rovibrational transition frequencies for H12C14N, H12C14N, H13C14N, and H12C15N. For all 16 isotopologues, we calculate the zero-point energy and in nine cases we can compare with experimentally derived values. In these comparisons, the variationally obtained ZPE is within 5 cm−1 of the experimentally derived value, while the closed expression gives values within 6 cm−1 of the experimental values. For all 16 isotopologues, we also give molecular parameters from which the energy levels can easily be calculated using the closed expression. Endo- and exoergicities are given for 12 isotopic exchange reactions involving HCN/HNC and some isotopologues together with pre-exponential factors that should be useful in future modelling studies of rare isotopologues.
A partial isotopic decomposition for the Sculptor dSph
Authors: Pandey Kanishk , West Christopher
Published: September 2022

All stellar evolution models require an initial isotopic abundance set as input, but these abundances are well known only for the Sun. Yet, input compositions can be estimated by scaling solar abundances using a previously constructed isotopic history model based on astrophysical processes in the Galaxy. This method, however, may not work for obtaining inputs for compositions that have distinct chemical histories from the Galaxy. We thus present a partial isotopic history model for the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy based on astrophysical processes, which can be used to estimate input isotopic abundances in future nucleosynthesis studies. The model is fitted to observational data, and follows the methodology of the previously constructed isotopic history model for the Galaxy. First, we estimate the isotopic composition of Sculptor’s late-stage evolution (LSE) using the omega chemical evolution code, and then decompose that composition into contributions from various astrophysical sources. Each contribution is then assumed to scale as a function of metallicity. The isotopic abundances are summed into elemental abundances and fit to available observational elemental abundance data to tune the model’s free parameters. The result is an average isotopic history model of Sculptor for massive star, Type Ia SNe, s-process, and r-process contributions that uses elemental data to constrain the isotopic abundances. As an example, our model finds that Type Ia SNe contribute ≈ 87 percent to the LSE Fe abundance, and neutron star mergers contribute ≈ 36 percent to the LSE Eu abundance, in agreement with previous studies.