bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deletion of the miR‐25/93/106b cluster induces glomerular deposition of immune complexes and renal fibrosis in mice
Authors: Ma Hongchuang , Li Xiang , Yu Shanshan , Hu Yanling , Yin Meixiang , Zhu Fubin , Xu Licheng , Wang Tianhe , Wang Huiyan , Li Hongzhi , Zhao Binghai , Huang Yadong
Published: July 2021

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis, is caused by immune system dysfunction and affects only the kidneys. miRNA was involved in IgAN, in which their roles are still unknown. Herein, we found increased glomerular medulla size, proteinuria, kidney artery resistance, kidney fibrosis and immune complex deposition in 5‐month miR‐25/93/106b cluster knockout (miR‐TKO) mice. In vitro, the inhibition of miR‐25 cluster could promote cell proliferation and increase fibrosis‐related protein and transferrin receptor (TFRC) expression in human renal glomerular mesangial cell (HRMC). Luciferase assay revealed that inhibition of miR‐93/106b cluster could upregulate Ccnd1 expression through direct binding with the 3’UTR of Ccnd1. Conversely, inhibition of Ccnd1 expression prevented miR‐93/106b‐induced effect in HRMC. These findings suggested that miR‐25 cluster played an important role in the progression of IgAN, which provided new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of IgAN.
Renal, cardiovascular and safety outcomes of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy in East and South‐East Asian countries: Results from the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation Trial
Authors: Wada Takashi , Mori‐Anai Kazumi , Kawaguchi Yutaka , Katsumata Hideyuki , Tsuda Hidetaka , Iida Mitsutaka , Arakawa Kenji , Jardine Meg J
Published: July 2021

Aims/Introduction

The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, canagliflozin, reduced kidney failure and cardiovascular events in the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial. We carried out a post‐hoc analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in a subgroup of participants in East and South‐East Asian (EA) countries who are at high risk of renal complications.

Materials and Methods

Participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio of >300–5,000 mg/g were randomized to 100 mg of canagliflozin or a placebo. The effects of canagliflozin treatment on pre‐specified efficacy and safety outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression between participants from EA countries (China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea and Taiwan) and the remaining participants.

Results

Of 4,401 participants, 604 (13.7%) were from EA countries; 301 and 303 were assigned to the canagliflozin and placebo groups, respectively. Canagliflozin lowered the risk of primary outcome (composite of end‐stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine level, or renal or cardiovascular death) in EA participants (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.84). The effects of canagliflozin on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in EA participants were generally similar to those of the remaining participants. Safety outcomes were similar between the EA and non‐EA participants.

Conclusions

In the CREDENCE trial, the risk of renal and cardiovascular events was safely reduced in participants from EA countries at high risk of renal events.
Now more than ever: The need for quality surgical care in older adults
Authors: Miller Samuel M. , Rosenthal Ronnie A. , Russell Marcia M.
Published: July 2021

This editorial comments on the articles by Van Grootven et al and Jones et al.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the health of adults with intellectual impairment: evidence from two longitudinal UK surveys
Authors: Totsika V. , Emerson E. , Hastings R. P. , Hatton C.
Published: July 2021

Background

People with an intellectual impairment experience high levels of social and health inequalities. We investigated the impact of COVID‐19 on the physical and mental health of people with intellectual impairment, controlling for demographic risk, socio‐economic circumstances and pre‐pandemic health levels.

Method

Data were drawn from two UK birth cohorts that surveyed their participants on the impact of COVID‐19 in May 2020: the Millennium Cohort Study (20‐year‐old participants) and the British Cohort Survey (50‐year‐old participants). Health outcomes (COVID‐19 infection, COVID‐19 symptoms, self‐reported physical health, mental health, health service use and impact on health behaviours) were compared between people with and without intellectual impairment, adjusting for gender and ethnicity. Differences were further adjusted for self‐reported health pre‐pandemic and the impact of COVID‐19 on socio‐economic circumstances.

Results

Controlling for gender and ethnicity, poor health was reported less often by younger adults [relative risks (RR): 0.44 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23, 0.86] and more often by older adults (RR: 1.99 95% CI 1.45, 2.73) with intellectual impairment compared with peers. Older adults were also more likely to experience fever and loss of taste/smell. Adjusting for pre‐pandemic health and socio‐economic circumstances eliminated some differences in the older cohort, but not in the younger one.

Conclusion

In young adulthood, the impact of COVID‐19 on health outcomes was not negative. The pattern was reversed in later adulthood, although differences were mostly eliminated after adjustment suggesting a socio‐economic and age gradient of COVID‐19 impacts on intellectual impairment.
The Accuracy of Transferring Casts in Maximal Intercuspal Position to a Virtual Articulator
Authors: He Mingzhu , Ding Qian , Li Linlin , Yang Guangju , Zhao Yijiao , Sun Yuchun , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To analyze the accuracy of transferring casts in maximal intercuspal position to a virtual articulator by using transfer plates in the laboratory scanner before and after occlusal optimization.

Material and methods

Five sets of standard dental casts were mounted on a mechanical articulator in maximal intercuspal position. The number and position of occlusal contacts were determined with 12‐μm articulating foil. After a calibration process according to the manufacturer's instructions, the mountings were transferred to a virtual articulator using the transfer plates in a laboratory scanner. The occlusion of the digital casts was determined before and after the occlusal optimization process. Then, the sensitivity and positive predictive value were determined by comparing the occlusal contact points in the virtual articulator with those in the mechanical articulator. To evaluate trueness, the occlusal surface of the maxillary teeth in the mechanical articulator was recorded by polyvinyl siloxane occlusal record in maximal intercuspal position and retained on the mandibular arch. The trueness was calculated as the deviation between the occlusal surface of the maxillary teeth in the mechanical articulator and the virtual articulator. To evaluate precision, one set of the casts was scanned 10 times. And the deviation of the interarch position of the maxillary arches when superimposing the mandibular arches of every 2 different scans was calculated.

Results

The sensitivity before occlusal optimization (0.14 ± 0.15) was significantly lower than that after occlusal optimization (0.82 ± 0.10) (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between the positive predictive value before (0.80 ± 0.45) and after (0.81 ± 0.09) occlusal optimization (p = 0.952). The trueness before (91.0 ± 10.7 µm) and after (75.4 ± 25.2 µm) occlusal optimization had no significant difference (p = 0.249). The precision before occlusal optimization (11.6 ± 3.8 µm) was significantly superior to that after occlusal optimization (75.6 ± 39.2 µm ) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The accuracy of transferring casts in maximal intercuspal position to a virtual articulator using transfer plates in the laboratory scanner could be improved after occlusal optimization and can meet the clinical needs for occlusal design and analysis of prostheses.
Room to roam for African lions Panthera leo: a review of the key drivers of lion habitat use and implications for conservation
Authors: Sargent Rebecca , Deere Nicolas J. , McGowan Philip J.K. , Bunnefeld Nils , Pfeifer Marion
Published: July 2021

Globally, large terrestrial carnivores (Carnivora) have suffered precipitous declines in population and range. Today, they must persist in increasingly isolated natural habitat patches within a human‐dominated matrix. Effective conservation aimed at supporting carnivores in such landscapes requires species‐specific understanding of habitat requirements.

We present results from a review of the published literature to assess the current state of knowledge regarding habitat preferences of the African lion Panthera leo, with the aim of identifying common drivers of habitat use across contexts.

Using the Web of Science, we identified 154 usable articles and extracted information relating to study topic, location, habitats described, land‐use type, and any documented habitat preferences.

Only 31 studies documented evidence of habitat use, and collectively, they suggested that preferences for specific habitat types were varied and context‐specific. The importance of prey abundance and proximity to water was highlighted in multiple studies. Anthropogenic factors interfered with expected patterns of habitat use. There was evident bias in study locations: 83% of the habitat‐use studies were based in only three countries, and 70% were focussed on protected or managed areas.

Our synthesis suggests that lions demonstrate behavioural plasticity in habitat use in response to anthropogenic pressures. To understand the limits of this plasticity and to manage Africa’s changing landscapes effectively for roaming lions, future research should be focussed on analysis of habitat use outside protected areas, taking into account gradients of distance to water, prey abundance, and anthropogenic risk.
Prevalence and impact of HLA and MICA allele mismatching on donor‐specific antibodies induction in kidney transplant rejection
Authors: Romphruk Amornrat V. , Simtong Piyapong , Suntornnipat Jidpinan , Sudwilai Yupaporn , Cheunta Siriluk , Chan‐on Chitranon , Leelayuwat Chanvit
Published: July 2021

Aim

Donor‐recipient antigen mismatching for anti‐human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and MICA is one of the risk factors for antibody induction leading to graft rejection. Our aim was to analyze the incidence and specificity of the different DSAs developing and to investigate the impact of HLA and MICA allele mismatches on antibody production in kidney transplant patients experiencing antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 253 consecutive recipients of kidney transplant who were diagnosed as experiencing AMR.

Results

Our results showed that around 27% of our patients were positive for DSAs over a median follow‐up period of 24 months. Antibody to HLA‐DQ7 was the most prevalent DSA detected. The allele mismatch number was significantly lower for DQ loci than ‐A and ‐B loci (DQ vs. A, p < .001; DQ vs. B, p = .002). Considering each HLA antigen, the incidence rate of DQ‐DSA [41.9 (32.92–51.46; 95%CI)] was much higher than the rate observed for DSA directed to ‐A, ‐DR and ‐B loci. Half of the recipients in the DQ‐DSA‐only group, and the DQ‐DSA together with non‐DQ group, had MFI > 5000. Only one case developed de novo MICA‐DSA (MICA002).

Conclusion

Our study indicates that mismatching for HLA and MICA alleles leads to the development of HLA and MICA antibodies in some kidney transplant recipients. We have also demonstrated that DSA to the DQ locus is the most prevalent in kidney transplant patients with AMR. Thus, matching the DQ locus in kidney allocation algorithms may reduce post‐transplant development of DSA.
Interactions between mammalian grazers and plant pathogens: an elephant in the room?
Authors: Cappelli Seraina Lisa , Koricheva Julia
Published: July 2021

This article is a Commentary on Liu et al. (2021), 232: 345–355.
Index for the appropriate vancomycin dosing in premature neonates and infants
Authors: Endo Aiju , Nemoto Atsushi , Hanawa Kazumi , Ishikawa Takahiro , Koshiishi Mai , Maebayashi Yuki , Hasebe Yohei , Naito Atsushi , Kobayashi Yoshifumi , Isobe Katsuhiko , Kawano Yayoi , Hanawa Takehisa
Published: July 2021

Background

In neonates, vancomycin (VCM) is used to treat Gram‐positive bacterial infections. However, VCM blood concentrations are affected by gestational age, bodyweight (BW), and renal function. The initial VCM dose adjustment can therefore be difficult, and few reports have evaluated this issue. In this study, we investigated the factors determining the appropriate VCM dosing schedule in neonates, especially premature infants.

Methods

The VCM dosage and trough concentrations were retrospectively investigated from the initial treatment to maintenance therapy in neonatal intensive care unit patients who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring. We examined the average single‐administration VCM dosage during maintenance therapy. We then compared the actual VCM dose with that calculated using an index comprising six items that influence the VCM daily dose (postnatal age, gestational age, BW, serum creatinine level, urine output, and lactate level).

Results

Twenty premature infants were included. The average BW of patients at the initial VCM administration was 975 g. During maintenance therapy, the average VCM dose was 8.4 mg/kg, and the median trough concentration was 12.4 μg/mL. When we applied the six‐item index, 18 of 20 patients (90%) had concordant results between the actual VCM dosing schedule and the VCM calculated using the index.

Conclusions

The average VCM dose and six‐item index can facilitate the transition from the initial VCM dose to an appropriate dose in many cases and contribute to early treatment in low‐birthweight infants with more variable BW, distribution volumes, and renal function. In conclusion, our six‐item index may help standardize VCM administration in premature infants.
The State of the Netherlands v Urgenda Foundation: Distilling best practice and lessons learnt for future rights‐based climate litigation
Authors: Wewerinke‐Singh Margaretha , McCoach Ashleigh
Published: July 2021

On 20 December 2019, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, in the decision of The State of the Netherlands v Urgenda Foundation, upheld the lower courts’ finding that the State of the Netherlands is legally obliged to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by a minimum of 25 percent by the end of 2020 compared to 1990 levels. The Supreme Court’s widely acclaimed decision is principally grounded in human rights law, with specific standards deduced from international climate change law and science. This case note analyses the role of international law in the Supreme Court’s reasoning, with attention to both strengths and weaknesses of the judgement. First, it highlights parts of the judgement that represent best practice in adjudicating climate change, such as the operationalization of an integrated approach to international law. Second, it identifies human rights questions resulting from the Supreme Court’s narrow focus on the rights of residents of the Netherlands in determining a specific mitigation target. It concludes with reflections on how the universality of human rights can be safeguarded in rights‐based climate litigation before domestic courts.
Interventions to optimise nutrition in older people in hospitals and long‐term care: Umbrella review
Authors: Brunner Silvia , Mayer Hanna , Qin Hong , Breidert Matthias , Dietrich Michael , Müller Staub Maria
Published: July 2021

Background

Inpatients have a high need for protein‐energy intake because of increased physical stress metabolism due to illnesses. Protein‐energy undernutrition in older patients increases the risk of complications such as falls, pressure ulcers and even death. An overview of effective interventions addressing this complex issue of malnutrition in older people is missing.

Aims

To give an overview of effective interventions to optimise nutrition in older people in hospitals and long‐term care.

Design

An umbrella review, according to the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA statement, was conducted in April 2020.

Methods

A systematic search of publications from 2010 until 2020 was conducted in CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane Database. Included were studies reporting nutrition interventions that involved nurses or the interprofessional team in optimising older hospitalised people's nutrition. Excluded were studies investigating the effects of parenteral nutrition, certain food supplements or tube feeding and research from intensive, community or palliative care. Components of interventions were classified according to the intervention Nutrition management: Patients’ assistance, patients’ instruction, foodservice, environment for meals and nutrient‐dense snacks.

Findings

Included were 13 reviews from 19 countries of the continents Asia, Australia, Europe and North America from hospitals and long‐term care settings. An interprofessional food promoting culture, including staff training as part of a multi‐component measure, has shown to be a successful element in implementing activities of Nutrition Management.

Conclusion

Several studies synthesised that optimising nutrition in older people in hospitals and long‐term care is achievable. Interventions were effective if—on a meta‐level—staff training was addressed as part of a multi‐component measure to reach an interprofessional food promoting culture.

Implications for practice

Interventions to optimise older people's nutrition have to consider an interprofessional food promoting culture, including staff training about the importance of nutrition, patients’ assistance and an appropriate environment for meals.
Do implicit measures improve suicide risk prediction? An 18‐month prospective study using different tasks
Authors: Scheunemann Jakob , Jelinek Lena , Peth Judith , Runde Anne , Arlt Sönke , Gallinat Jürgen , Kühn Simone
Published: July 2021

Background

There is accumulating evidence that implicit measures improve the prediction of suicidality within a 6‐month follow‐up period in psychiatric populations. Building upon these results, we set out to expand the follow‐up period and to investigate various implicit methods.

Methods

Seventy‐nine inpatients completed the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) and a range of implicit measures: three implicit association tests (IATs: Death; Self‐harm–Me/Others; Self‐Harm–Good/Bad) and a subliminal priming task (with separate scores for negative and positive adjectives, each indicating the association between the primes “dying” and “growing”). After 18 months, we reached n = 52 patients and reassessed suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts.

Results

In a hierarchical regression, the five implicit task indices were entered after the patient's age, gender, and BSS score at baseline. The implicit scores improved prediction of BSS scores after 18 months compared to prediction based on age, gender, and BSS score at baseline alone. However, none of the implicit measures was associated with suicide plans or attempts during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

Results suggest that implicit measures can be a useful assessment tool for the prediction of suicidal ideation, even beyond the BSS. However, long‐term prediction of suicide plans or attempts using implicit measures seems limited.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*35:03:01:22 allele in an individual of Nepalese origin
Authors: Phuntsok Tenzin , D'Silva Selma , Tambe Manisha , Singh Meenakshi
Published: July 2021

The novel HLA‐B*35:03:01:22 allele differs from HLA‐B*35:03:01:01 by a nucleotide change at gDNA 125 C → T.
The novel HLA‐DQA1 allele, HLA‐DQA1*03:03:05, first described in a Brazilian individual
Authors: Vianna Romulo , Lopes Giovanna , Secco Danielle , Santos Angela , Porto Luís Cristóvão
Published: July 2021

The novel HLA‐DQA1*03:03:05 allele, first described in a potential bone marrow donor from Brazil.
Repeated bouts of resistance exercise in rats alter mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activity and ribosomal capacity but not muscle protein synthesis
Authors: Kotani Takaya , Takegaki Junya , Tamura Yuki , Kouzaki Karina , Nakazato Koichi , Ishii Naokata
Published: July 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Is muscle protein synthesis (MPS) additionally activated following exercise when ribosomal capacity is increased after repeated bouts of resistance exercise (RE)?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Skeletal muscles with increased ribosome content through repeated RE bouts showed sufficient activation of MPS with lower mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling. Thus, repeated bouts of RE possibly change the translational capacity and efficiency to optimize translation activation following RE.

Resistance exercise (RE) activates ribosome biogenesis and increases ribosome content in skeletal muscles. However, it is unclear whether the increase in ribosome content subsequently causes an increase in RE‐induced activation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between ribosome content and MPS after exercise using a rat RE model. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were categorized into three groups (n = 6 for each group): sedentary (SED) and RE trained with one bout (1B) or three bouts (3B). The RE stimulus was applied to the right gastrocnemius muscle by transcutaneous electrical stimulation under isoflurane anaesthesia. The 3B group underwent stimulation every other day. Our results revealed that 6 h after the last bout of RE, muscles in the 3B group showed an increase in total RNA and 18S+28S rRNA content per muscle weight compared with the SED and 1B groups. In both the 1B and 3B groups, MPS, estimated by puromycin incorporation in proteins, was higher than that in the SED group 6 h after exercise; however, no significant difference was observed between the 1B and 3B groups. In the 1B and 3B groups, phosphorylated p70S6K at Thr‐389 increased, indicating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. p70S6K phosphorylation level was lower in the 3B group than in the 1B group. Finally, protein synthesis per ribosome (indicator of translation efficiency) was lower in the 3B group than in the 1B group. Thus, three bouts of RE changed the ribosome content and mTORC1 activation, but not the degree of RE‐induced global MPS activation.
Estrategia de reanimación temprana guiada por metas para el manejo del paciente con sepsis
Authors: Lombo Moreno Carlos Ernesto
Published: July 2021

La sepsis y el choque séptico son condiciones asociadas con una alta incidencia y mortalidad. Por lo tanto, la identificación e intervención temprana permite mejorar los desenlaces. El método para desarrollar esta identificación e intervención se ha plasmado en el desarrollo de guías de atención. Dentro de estas guías destaca el concepto de Estrategia de Reanimación Temprana Guiada por Metas (ERTGM), el cual tiene su base operativa en el estudio de Rivers a comienzo de este siglo. Aunque estudios subsecuentes refutan esta estrategia en particular, el concepto de ERTGM persiste en las guías de la campaña Surviving Sepsis y en el actuar clínico actual. Ha medida que el conocimiento medico ha venido avanzando se ha abandonado la mayoría de las metas estáticas y avanzando en la importancia del inicio temprano de líquidos y antibiótico, la normalización del lactato y la valoración continua del paciente dentro de una atención individualizada del paciente.
Manifestaciones en la cavidad bucal y en la cara asociadas a la COVID-19
Authors: Bermúdez Bermúdez Melisa , Cuadro Montero Karen Margarita , Parra Sanabria Erika Alexandra , Rueda Jiménez Andrés , Peña Vega Claudia Patricia
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Describir y analizar los reportes de casos y estudios publicados, en los que se presente una posible relación entre la COVID-19 y lesiones mucocutáneas en cavidad oral y cara. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos de PubMed, Google Académico, ProQuest y Medline Complete, se seleccionaron 56 artículos que reportan manifestaciones mucocutáneas en cavidad oral y cara asociadas a la COVID-19. Resultados: Se encontraron 91 casos reportados con manifestaciones mucocutáneas en cavidad oral y cara, asociadas a la COVID-19. El 18% de los pacientes presentó lesiones tanto a nivel facial como oral. Las mejillas fueron las zonas más afectadas representando un 16% y de las lesiones orales el sitio más afectado fue el paladar con el 26%. Conclusión: De acuerdo con los hallazgos encontrados, la presencia de manifestaciones mucocutáneas en cara y cavidad oral están asociadas a la infección por SARS-CoV 2. Es de esperarse que los tejidos con mayor expresión de la ECA2 y TMPRSS2, sean más susceptibles a la infección por el SARS-CoV 2 y por consiguiente presenten algún tipo de lesión. Dentro de los tejidos orales con mayor expresión de dichas moléculas se describió la lengua, lo que favorecería mayor prevalencia de lesiones.
Manejo de náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia en pacientes hematológicos
Authors: Ávila Rueda Jhon Alexander , Flegler Nicolás , Oliveros Karla , Rivarola Sofía , Montes Agustín , De Muria Mariano , Sernaque Cecilia , Cantillo Ana Milena , Carreras Matías , Zapata Luis , Palmer Silvina
Published: July 2021

Las náuseas y vómitos (NyV) constituyen dos de los efectos adversos frecuentemente asociados a la administración de quimioterapia además de otros fármacos empleados en hematología. La importancia que la prevención y el manejo de estos síntomas tiene en nuestros pacientes, radica en los riesgos que representan cuando no son tratados correctamente como por ejemplo: deshidratación, alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas e insuficiencia renal aguda. Para la elaboración este artículo se realizó una revisión de la literatura en función de la evidencia y esquemas disponibles para la prevención y tratamiento de NV inducido por medicamentos usados en el manejo de pacientes con patologías hematológicas.
Utilidad del ultrasonido en el paro cardiorrespiratorio: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Ojeda Toro Germán Danilo , Barrios Peralta Elkin Rene
Published: July 2021

El trombo embolismo pulmonar de alto riesgo es una de las causas de paro cardiorrespiratorio con ritmo no desfibrilable, en donde el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos son esenciales para disminuir la mortalidad. Durante las últimas dos décadas ha incrementado el uso del ultrasonido en diferentes tipos de áreas médicas, lo cual ha llevado a crear protocolos con el fin de unificar conceptos. Uno de estos es el protocolo CAUSE (Cardiac Arrest Ultrasound Exam), el cual permite realizar un enfoque diagnóstico de 4 causas de paro cardiorrespiratorio no arritmogénica (Hipovolemia severa, neumotórax a tensión, taponamiento cardíaco y embolia pulmonar de alto riesgo) usando una proyección de 4 cámaras del corazón (apical o subxifoidea) y una proyección torácica a través del segundo espacio intercostal en la línea medio clavicular. Presentamos el caso de una paciente en paro cardiorrespiratorio, que inicialmente se había enfocado como causa del mismo la presencia de síndrome coronario agudo, al encontrar hallazgos de bloqueo de rama izquierda completo en el electrocardiograma. Sin embargo, tras el uso del ultrasonido cambia la perspectiva diagnostica, al encontrar signos indirectos de embolismo pulmonar, lo cual conllevo a realizar cambios en la conducta médica.
Novel insights into the design of stretchable electrical systems
Authors: Martin-Monier Louis , Piveteau Pierre-Luc , Sorin Fabien
Published: July 2021

Periodic stretchable conductive composites are developed, allowing arbitrarily tunable electromechanical response.
Forced subduction initiation within the Neotethys: An example from the mid-Cretaceous Wuntho-Popa arc in Myanmar
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Fan Weiming , Ding Lin , Pullen Alex , Ducea Mihai N. , Li Jinxiang , Wang Chao , Xu Xiaoyan , Sein Kyaing
Published: July 2021

Despite decades of research, the mechanisms and processes of subduction initiation remain obscure, including the tectonic settings where subduction initiation begins and how magmatism responds. The Cretaceous Mawgyi Volcanics represent the earliest volcanic succession in the Wuntho-Popa arc of western Myanmar. This volcanic unit consists of an exceptionally diverse range of contemporaneously magmatic compositions which are spatially juxtaposed. Our new geochemical data show that the Mawgyi Volcanics comprise massive mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB)-like lavas and dikes, and subordinate island arc tholeiite and calc-alkaline lavas. The Mawgyi MORB-like rocks exhibit flat rare earth elements (REEs) patterns and are depleted in REEs, high field strength elements (except for Th) and TiO2 concentrations relative to those of MORBs, resembling the Izu-Bonin-Mariana protoarc basalts. Our geochronological results indicate that the Mawgyi Volcanics formed between 105 and 93 Ma, coincident with formation of many Neotethyan supra-subduction zone ophiolites and intraoceanic arcs along orogenic strike in the eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, Pakistan, and Southeast Asia. Combined with its near-equatorial paleo-latitudes constrained by previous paleomagnetic data, the Wuntho-Popa arc is interpreted as a segment of the north-dipping trans-Neotethyan subduction system during the mid-Cretaceous. Importantly, our restoration with available data provides new evidence supporting the hypothesis of a mid-Cretaceous initiation of this >8000-km-long subduction system formed by inversion of the ∼E-W–trending Neotethyan oceanic spreading ridges, and that this was contemporaneous with the final breakup of Gondwana and an abrupt global plate reorganization.
Exploring the association of social determinants of health and clinical quality measures and performance in HRSA-funded health centres
Authors: Topmiller Michael , McCann Jessica , Rankin Jennifer , Hoang Hank , Bolton Joshua , Sripipatana Alek
Published: July 2021

Objective

This paper explores the impact of service area-level social deprivation on health centre clinical quality measures.

Design

Cross-sectional data analysis of Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)-funded health centres. We created a weighted service area social deprivation score for HRSA-funded health centres as a proxy measure for social determinants of health, and then explored adjusted and unadjusted clinical quality measures by weighted service area Social Deprivation Index quartiles for health centres.

Settings

HRSA-funded health centres in the USA.

Participants

Our analysis included a subset of 1161 HRSA-funded health centres serving more than 22 million mostly low-income patients across the country.

Results

Higher levels of social deprivation are associated with statistically significant poorer outcomes for all clinical quality outcome measures (both unadjusted and adjusted), including rates of blood pressure control, uncontrolled diabetes and low birth weight. The adjusted and unadjusted results are mixed for clinical quality process measures as higher levels of social deprivation are associated with better quality for some measures including cervical cancer screening and child immunisation status but worse quality for other such as colorectal cancer screening and early entry into prenatal care.

Conclusions

This research highlights the importance of incorporating community characteristics when evaluating clinical outcomes. We also present an innovative method for capturing health centre service area-level social deprivation and exploring its relationship to health centre clinical quality measures.
Trends in the prevalence and incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Iran: findings from KERCADRS
Authors: Najafipour Hamid , Shahrokhabadi Mohadeseh Shojaei , Banivaheb Ghodsyeh , Sabahi Abdolreza , Shadkam Mitra , Mirzazadeh Ali
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Anxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic and other risk factors and comorbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.

Design

A population-based cohort study with random cluster household survey sampling method.

Setting

Second round of Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study (KERCADRS) (2014–2018) performed in Southeastern, Iran.

Participants

We recruited 9997 participants (15–80 years) in the second round of the study, from whom 2820 persons were the people who also participated in the first round of KERCADRS in 2009–2012. The age-standardised A&D prevalence was measured among all participants, and the 5-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free from A&D in the first round in 2009–2012 and were at risk of A&D in the follow-up. The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, p<0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3%, p<0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among widowed (31.4%), unemployed (21.3%), obese (19.4%), and opium users (17.4%). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance of developing anxiety. The 5-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.

Conclusion

Despite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D symptoms in last 5 years in the area, young adults, women, unemployed, opium users, people with low physical activity and those with obesity had a higher chance of developing anxiety and are in need of more targeted interventions.
Suspecting dementia: canaries, chameleons and zebras
Authors: Johnson Jeremy C S , McWhirter Laura , Hardy Chris J D , Crutch Sebastian J , Marshall Charles R , Mummery Catherine J , Rohrer Jonathan D , Rossor Martin N , Schott Jonathan M , Weil Rimona S , Fox Nick C , Warren Jason D
Published: July 2021

The early and accurate diagnosis of dementia is more important than ever before but remains challenging. Dementia is increasingly the business of neurologists and, with ageing populations worldwide, will become even more so in future. Here we outline a practical, symptom-led, bedside approach to suspecting dementia and its likely diagnosis, inspired by clinical experience and based on recognition of characteristic syndromic patterns. We show how clinical intuition reflects underlying signature profiles of brain involvement by the diseases that cause dementia and suggest next steps that can be taken to define the diagnosis. We propose ‘canaries’ that provide an early warning signal of emerging dementia and highlight the ‘chameleons’ that disguise or mimic this, as well as the ‘zebras’ that herald a rare (and sometimes curable) diagnostic opportunity.
A new geometric modeling of modified magnetic particles with the energy flow and power
Authors: Korpinar Talat , Korpinar Zeliha , Rezazadeh Hadi , Inc Mustafa
Published: July 2021

In this study, we firstly characterize modified magnetic particles and associated magnetic fields by considering the evolution of the charged particle together with its modified frame construction in 3D space. Then, we compute the energy flows of each modified magnetic particles in terms of its curvature and torsion in the space. Finally, we obtain energy flux density, the intensity of the light, power of modified magnetic particles in the space.
Lassa hemorrhagic fever model using new generalized Caputo-type fractional derivative operator
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Erturk Vedat Suat , Yusuf Abdullahi , Sulaiman Tukur Abdulkadir
Published: July 2021

In some of the previous decades, we have observed that mathematical modeling has become one of the most interesting research fields and has attracted many researchers. In this regard, thousands of researchers have proposed different varieties of mathematical models to study the dynamics of a number of real-world problems. This research work is framed to analyzing the structure of the well-known Lassa hemorrhagic epidemic; a dangerous epidemic for pregnant women, via new generalized Caputo type noninteger order derivative with the help of a modified Predictor–Corrector scheme. Lassa hemorrhagic disease is an epidemical and biocidal fever, whose negative impacts were initially recognized in the countries of Africa. This virus has killed many pregnant women as compared to the Ebola epidemic. It was noticed that Lassa virus was isolated in Vero cell cultures from a blood pattern, and after 12 days it was ejective, after the climb of the sickness. In this research study, necessary theorems and lemmas are reminded to prove the existence of a unique solution and stability of given fractional approximation scheme. All necessary results are reminded to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approximation algorithm by graphical observations for various fractional-order values. In our practical calculations, we plotted the graphs for two different values of natural death rate along with various values of given fractional-order operator. Our major target is to show the importance of the proposed modified version of the Predictor–Corrector algorithm in epidemic studies by exploring the given Lassa hemorrhagic fever dynamics.
Fashion Meets Computer Vision
Authors: Cheng Wen-Huang , Song Sijie , Chen Chieh-Yun , Hidayati Shintami Chusnul , Liu Jiaying
Published: July 2021

Fashion is the way we present ourselves to the world and has become one of the world’s largest industries. Fashion, mainly conveyed by vision, has thus attracted much attention from computer vision researchers in recent years. Given the rapid development, this article provides a comprehensive survey of more than 200 major fashion-related works covering four main aspects for enabling intelligent fashion: (1) Fashion detection includes landmark detection, fashion parsing, and item retrieval; (2) Fashion analysis contains attribute recognition, style learning, and popularity prediction; (3) Fashion synthesis involves style transfer, pose transformation, and physical simulation; and (4) Fashion recommendation comprises fashion compatibility, outfit matching, and hairstyle suggestion. For each task, the benchmark datasets and the evaluation protocols are summarized. Furthermore, we highlight promising directions for future research.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Toll-Like Receptors, MyD88, and TRIF in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Nihon-Yanagi Yasuhiro , Wakayama Megumi , Tochigi Naobumi , Saito Fumi , Ogata Hideaki , Shibuya Kazutoshi
Published: July 2021

Purpose. We hypothesized that innate immune response pathways might be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, we aimed at analyzing the expression of several receptors and molecules in the innate immune system in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) tissues. Methods. Of the surgically resected specimens, 11 ATC tissues, 25 PTC tissues, and 8 nodular hyperplasia (NH) tissues were selected and examined for the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing INF-β (TRIF) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results. Several TLRs were expressed in each tissue. TLR3 was strongly expressed in all tissues. In contrast, TLR4 was not detected in any tissues. While TLR5 was moderately expressed in NH but significantly reduced in PTC and ATC, TLR9 was absent in NH tissue but moderately expressed in both PTC and ATC. On MyD88 expression, no significant difference was found between PTC and ATC. TRIF was significantly upregulated in PTC and ATC compared to NH. Surprisingly, PTC and ATC tissues exhibited similar expression patterns of TLRs, MyD88, and TRIF. Conclusion. These data suggest the involvement of the innate immune system in both PTC and ATC. Specifically, TLR3-mediated TRIF activation was confirmed in PTC and ATC. This provides new insight into thyroid carcinogenesis.
MicroRNA-181b Serves as a Circulating Biomarker and Regulates Inflammation in Heart Failure
Authors: Yang Hongxiao , Shan Lina , Gao Yunan , Li Lin , Xu Guifen , Wang Bin , Yin Xiaoxue , Gao Chengfang , Liu Jiaren , Yang Wei
Published: July 2021

Heart failure (HF) is the typical terminal stage of cardiac diseases involving inflammatory states. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progress of HF remains poorly understood. In this study, real-time PCR results showed a decreased expression of miRNA-181b (miR-181b) in HF patients compared with healthy individuals. Besides, miR-181b expressions were negatively correlated with hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in the serum of HF patients. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that miR-181b was a diagnostic predictor of HF, and the area under the curve was 0.970 (DCM-induced HF group) and 0.962 (ICM-induced HF group). Strikingly, in HF rats induced by isoproterenol (ISO), the expression of miR-181b of heart tissue was suppressed before tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increase, as revealed by western blot and real-time PCR. Besides, the overexpression of miR-181b also decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neonatal cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our results revealed that miR-181b might be a potential biomarker for HF and provided a novel target for anti-inflammatory therapy.
Development of International Agricultural Trade Using Data Mining Algorithms-Based Trade Equality
Authors: Yan Liu
Published: July 2021

The development of international agriculture trade during the COVID-19 pandemic has encountered significant challenges. The processing of international agricultural trade data using machine learning techniques needs to be improved to perform effective analysis of agricultural trade. An essential issue for international agricultural trade is the accurate yield estimation for the numerous crops involved in international trade. Data mining techniques are the necessary approach for accomplishing practical and effective solutions for this problem. This paper combined the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model to conduct data mining and developed a trade data analysis system with efficient data analysis capabilities. Our results indicate that our model does reasonably well and obtains adequate information in deciding international agricultural trade. It can also be instrumental for policy and decision-making regarding international agricultural trade.
Prediction of Perceived Utility of Consumer Online Reviews Based on LSTM Neural Network
Authors: Wang Hu , Liang Tianbao , Cheng Yanxia
Published: July 2021

Perceived value is the customer’s subjective understanding of the value they obtain and is their subjective evaluation of the product or service they enjoy. This value is deducted from the cost of the product or service. In order to understand and predict the specific cognition of consumers on the value of products or services and distinguish it from the objective value of products or services in the general sense, this paper uses the in-depth learning method based on LSTM to establish a model to predict the perceived benefits of consumers. It is a challenging task to analyze the emotion of consumers or recognize the perceived value of consumers from various texts of online trading platforms. This paper proposes a new short-text representation method based on bidirectional LSTM. This method is very effective for forecasting research. In addition, we also use the attention mechanism to learn the specific emotional vocabulary. Short-text representation can be used for emotion classification and emotion intensity prediction. This paper evaluates the proposed classification model and regression data set. Compared with the baseline of the corresponding data set, the contrast of the results was 93%. The research shows that using deep neural network to predict the perceived utility of consumer comments can reduce the intervention of artificial features and labor costs and help predict the perceived utility of products to consumers.
Neuropharmacological Assessment of the Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Calotropis procera (Ait). R. Br. (Apocynaceae) in Mice
Authors: Obese Ernest , Ameyaw Elvis Ofori , Biney Robert Peter , Adakudugu Emmanuel Awintiig , Woode Eric
Published: July 2021

Background. Calotropis procera has been widely used traditionally for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is also reportedly used in ethnomedicine for mental health disorders including epilepsy even in the absence of supporting scientific data. Thus, the potential of the plant to affect neurological functions was evaluated. Methods. Irwin’s test was performed to determine the effect of the oral administration of the extract (30–3000 mg kg−1) on gross behaviour and physiological function. The activity meter, rotarod, pentylenetetrazol- (PTZ-) induced convulsion, pentobarbitone-induced sleep test, and the tail immersion tests were used to evaluate the spontaneous activity, neuromuscular function, convulsive threshold, sedation, and analgesic effects of the Calotropis procera extract (30–1000 mg/kg), respectively, in mice. Results. Calotropis procera extract (CPE) exhibited significant (

p
<
0.0001

) anticonvulsant and analgesic effects. There was a significant increase in withdrawal latency of the CPE-treated animals in the tail immersion test for analgesia (

p
<
0.0001

), while latency and duration of PTZ-induced convulsions were positively modulated. Calotropis procera extract showed significant (

p
<
0.0001

) central nervous system depressant effects in pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis at 100–1000 mg/kg and spontaneous activity test (30–1000 mg/kg). The extract also depicted impaired motor coordination at 100–1000 mg/kg dose levels. LD50 was estimated to be above 1000 mg kg−1. Conclusions. Calotropis procera extract has significant central nervous system depressant and analgesic effects in mice.