bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje digital para una economía sostenible. El caso de México en el Marco del Foro de Cooperación Económica de Asia-Pacífico
Authors: Manzo Martínez María Aline , Dorador González Jesús Manuel
Published: November 2024

Los modelos de economía digital integran algunos conceptos cruciales en una estructura donde la propuesta de valor de un producto/servicio refleja la protección del medio ambiente, el impacto social y la integración detecnologías digitales en los procedimientos de las empresas y los organismos gubernamentales. A través de una revisión teórica, este trabajo tiene como objetivo identicar los conceptos por los cuales se puede medir el aprendizaje digital de México y de las economías que forman parte del Foro de Cooperación Económica de Asia-Pacífico (APEC, por sus siglas en inglés) para determinar el soporte y velocidad que cada gobierno promueve para consolidar el modelo de economía digital. Las competencias digitales y las competencias verdes deben integrarse al proceso de transformación digital de dichas economías, pues es a través de éstas que el perfil de los países que forman parte de APEC lograran aplicar y desarrollar tecnologías sostenibles que garanticen una posición competitiva en el mercado global y la región.
Role of active surveillance in thyroid nodule
Authors: Matin Abdul
Published: November 2024

Abstract not Available.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngology 2024; 30(1): 01-03
La historia del arte y los recursos digitales de los museos como llave para generar narrativas contrahegemónicas en la clase de historia
Authors: Moreno Vera José Ramón
Published: November 2024

Contribución al debate de revista PH 114
Edukasi Literasi Bahasa dan Teknologi pada Anak Usia Dini di Yayasan Aku Melihat Engkau (AME) Medan
Authors: Josafat Alexander Irving , Sinurat Hersakso , Sirait Gloria , Siahaan Monalisa Marta , Silaban Ramlan , Nainggolan Justinos Ray
Published: November 2024

The focus of this service activity is to develop language literacy skills from an early age through presentation of material and short videos combining listening and speaking communication as well as technological literacy skills to increase children's knowledge of the impact of technology. The location of this service activity was carried out at the Aku See You (AME) Foundation in Medan. Participants who took part in this activity were 20 children aged 7-15 years who were at the AME Foundation. The details of the form of outreach activities are: First, a short material presentation that introduces the importance of language literacy and technological literacy, a short interactive video presentation about the positive and negative impacts of technology. A short story about Controlling Yourself from the Negative Impact of Technology and a Closing Session in the form of an educational game with a technology theme with the aim of building solidarity between children at the AME Foundation. Based on the results of the service activities, very high enthusiasm was obtained from the service participants as indicated by the many questions asked by the service participants.
Keywords: literation, language, technology, children
Implementasi Slow Sand Filter (SSF) untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Air Bersih di SMAN 1 Manuhing Raya
Authors: Manurung Tety Wahyuningsih , Arifien Mokhamat , Kusuma Indra Dwi , Suma Joy Angel Aria , Cahyani Risfiah Ruli , Hakim Muh. Supwatul , Basani Yuniarta
Published: November 2024

SMAN 1 Manuhing Raya merupakan sekolah yang berlokasi di Desa Tehang, Kec. Manuhing Raya, Kab. Gunung Mas, Kalimantan Tengah, mengandalkan air galian di dekat aliran sungai sebagai sumber utama air. Akan tetapi, kualitas air yang kurang memenuhi standar, berwarna agak keruh dan sifatnya yang asam sehingga dapat memberikan dampak buruk bagi kesehatan siswa dan warga sekolah serta dapat berakibat mengganggu kegiatan belajar mengajar. Metode penjernihan air melalui penyaringan pasir lambat (Slow Sand Filter, SSF) digunakan untuk mendukung tersedianya air bersih di SMAN 1 Manuhing Raya. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu sosialisasi dan tahap praktik serta perawatan SSF. Dari kegiatan ini, para siswa memberikan respon yang baik mengenai materi sosialisasi dan memahami mengenai proses perakitan serta pemeliharaan SSF. Hasil kerja SSF dapat menurunkan turbiditas air dari 8,00 menjadi 6,00, menjernihakan warna air yang semula berwarna kekuningan menjadi jernih atau bening, serta meningkatkan pH air dari 6,4 menjadi 7,6. Dengan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini berhasil untuk membuat SSF di lingkungan sekolah dalam   memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih warga sekolah SMAN 1 Manuhing Raya dan memberikan pengetahuan tentang pembuatan serta pemeliharaan SSF yang dapat diaplikasikan oleh para siswa di lingkungan tempat tinggal mereka.
Sosialisasi Standar Kota Layak Anak dan Model Hunian Ramah Lingkungan di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu Kotamadya Jakarta Utara, Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Authors: Siahaan Uras , Nainggolan Susanti Muvana , Saputra Stepanus Andi , Marpaung Charles OP , Langi Louisa Ariantje
Published: November 2024

Pulau tidung termasuk dalam Kepulauan Seribu, yang pada umumnya dikenal dengan potensi wisata yang digemari banyak pengunjung baik dari dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Dalam pelaksanaannya pengunjung mengalami kepuasan terhadap pelayanan dan ingin kembali mengunjungi pulau tidung. Hal ini membuat Pulau tidung harus menjaga pertumbuhan anak-anak sebagai generasi penerus di Pulau Tidung, sehingga penerapan 5 kluster hak anak dalam Kota Layak Anak sebaiknya dipenuhi dengan baik untuk dapat menjamin tumbuh kembang anak di Pulau Tidung. Berdasarkan hasil diskusi dengan tim kelurahan dan kajian literatur, Poin ke-3 dari 5 kluster hak anak menjadi fokus utama yang akan dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan ini. Dalam hal ini, poin hak anak untuk mendapatkan kesehatan dasar serta kesejahteraan akan dicapai dengan melakukan sosialisasi tentang pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting pada anak, serta sosialisasi hunian ramah lingkungan di Pulau Tidung dengan berbagai lapisan masyarakat di Pulau Tidung.
EXCHANGE REACTIONS OF DECANOATE LIGANDS OF ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM PHTHALOCYANINES
Authors: Chernii Viktor , Fedosova Natalia
Published: November 2024

The reactions of exchange of decanoate ligands in di(decanoato)phthalocyaninates ofzirconium and hafnium with substituted benzoic and cinnamic acids have been studied. The structure of the obtained complexes was confirmed by 1H NMR and their reactivity in reactions with dibenzoylmethane was determined. In the 1H NMR spectra of all the obtained complexes there are no proton signals of the starting decanoate ligands in the region of 1.1–0 ppm. Instead, the spectra contain signals of substituted benzoate or cinnamate ligands. For example, in the case of complexes with 4-substituted benzoic acids, the 1H NMR spectra show signals characteristic of para-substituted benzene nuclei of out-of-plane coordinated ligands (two doublets), which are in a stronger field relative to the original benzoic acids. The influence of di(arylato) and di(cinnamoylato) ligands on the UV-Vis spectra of the obtained compounds in various solvents has been studied. The effect of solvent polarity on absorption in the near-IR range is shown. The UV-Vis spectra of phthalocyanine complexes are characterized by B- (Soret) band in the region of 330–340 nm, Q-band in the region of 690 nm and its vibrational satellite in the region of 625 nm, which is typical for phthalocyaninates. The long-wave Q-band is the most sensitive to structural changes of the phthalocyanine molecule. It has been found that the replacement of decanoate ligands with arylate- or cinnamoylate ligands in zirconium and hafnium phthalocyaninates does not significantly affect the position of the Q-band in the UV-Vis spectra. However, the maximum of the Q-band depends on the relative polarity of the solvents: with its increase, a hypsochromic shift of the maximum is observed. The solvent-dependent change of the Q-band position is relatively small (~10 nm). The position of the B-band maximum is practically independent of the nature of the solvent, but in more polar solvents there is a tendency to increase the re­lative intensity of this band.
Critical Data and Thinking in Ground Effect Vehicle Design
Authors: Suppes Adam , Suppes Galen
Published: November 2024

A new ground effect transit vehicle (GEFT) evolved in design over an eight-month period and has digital prototype lift-drag ratio (L/D) efficiencies double those of past ground effect vehicles (GEV). The evolution of the GEFT design is attributed to an improved simple explanation of how air flow is converted to aerodynamic lift. The design may be especially high-impact because critical aspects of the design have synergies with low-aspect ratio vehicles, making the resulting vehicles compatible with transit on railway, highway, and waterway corridors as well as free flight. This compatibility transitions aircraft, railway, watercraft, and automobile sectors including solar-powered vehicles and a new version of a flying taxi. Seminal works document both the designs and thought processes behind traditional designs with changes in designs directly linked changes in explanations of how air flow generates aerodynamic lift. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the molecular theory of gases provide insight into the science including causality and extrapolation of designs.
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN "AN ABUNDANCE OF KATHERINES"
Authors: Wibowo Selvinatasya , Supardi Moh. Supardi
Published: November 2024

This study aims at investigating the translation strategies and the equivalence of idiomatic expressions in the "An Abundance of Katherines". The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. The data source of the study was gathered from the novel "An Abundance of Katherines" and its translation. The data were collected randomly from the source text (ST) and target text (TT). The collected data were analyzed qualitatively based on idiomatic translation strategies, for instance paraphrasing the idiomatic expressions that maintain similar meanings through dissimilar styles or forms as the most frequently strategy employed by the translator. The results of this study indicate that the idiom translation strategy applied by the translator uses the idiom translation strategy with paraphrasing. This seems to be based on the idea that the translator tends to preserve the equivalence in meaning between the source and target languages, for example idioms are translated into non-idioms, idioms with idioms, etc. This research concludes that the translator seems to apply her own strategies by paraphrasing the source text idioms more often into non-idioms in the target text in order to obtain equivalence in meaning and culture. In general, the strategies of translation carried out by the translator can be categorized as acceptance translation and equivalence in terms of meaning and culture. Therefore, this study suggests for translators who wish to translate idioms from English into Indonesian should not be restricted on one theory of translation, but must be more flexible by considering the contextual and cultural factors.
Neuroinflammation underlies the development of social stress induced cognitive deficit in male sickle cell mice
Authors: DeVeaux S’Dravious A. , Vyshnya Sofiya , Propsom Katherine , Gbotosho Oluwabukola T. , Singh Asem S. , Horning Robert Z. , Sharma Mihika , Jegga Anil G. , Niu Liang , Botchwey Edward A. , Hyacinth Hyacinth I.
Published: November 2024

Cognitive deficit is a debilitating complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Here we show that neuroinflammation and dysregulation in lipidomics and transcriptomics profiles are major underlying mechanisms of social stress-induced cognitive deficit in SCD. Male Townes sickle cell (SS) mice and controls (AA) were exposed to social stress using the repeat social defeat (RSD) paradigm concurrently with or without treatment with minocycline. Mice were tested for cognitive deficit using novel object recognition and fear conditioning tests. SS mice exposed to RSD without treatment had worse performance on cognitive tests compared to SS mice exposed to RSD with treatment or to AA controls, irrespective of their RSD or treatment disposition. Additionally, compared to SS mice exposed to RSD with treatment, SS mice exposed to RSD without treatment had significantly more cellular evidence of neuroinflammation coupled with a significant shift in the differentiation of neural progenitor cells towards astrogliogenesis. Additionally, brain tissue from SS mice exposed to RSD was significantly enriched for genes associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuron excitotoxicity, inflammation, and significant dysregulation in sphingolipids important to neuronal cell processes. We demonstrate in this study that social stress induces cognitive deficit in SS mice, concurrently with neuroinflammation and lipid dysregulation.
West African cattle share non-random heterozygosity-rich region islands enriched on adaptation-related genes despite their different origins
Authors: Arias Katherine D. , Fernández Iván , Traoré Amadou , Goyache Félix
Published: November 2024

Methods

Up to 237 individuals belonging to 10 different taurine (Bos taurus), zebu (B. indicus), and taurine × zebu sanga cattle populations sampled in Benin, Burkina Faso, and Niger were typed using the BovineHD BeadChip of Illumina to ascertain the patterns and importance of heterozygosity-rich regions (HRRs) in West African cattle. To account for among-population gene flow, individuals were further classified into three groups (Qtaurine, Qzebu, and admixed) according to maximum likelihood estimates of individual ancestries (q^) obtained using the program Admixture v1.23.

Results and discussion

The 967 HRRs identified on 27 out of 29 bovine chromosomes in 231 cattle individuals were further summarized into 103 HRR islands, covering 40.7 Mb of the bovine genome. Only HRR islands identified in at least 10% of the animals typed or 10% of the individuals classified according to cattle type or admixture class were considered relevant to characterize the West African cattle genomic background. Only one and three HRR islands were considered taurine- and zebu-specific, respectively. Most (14) relevant HRR islands identified were present in cattle individuals despite the cattle type or admixture class into which they were classified (waHRR), suggesting that HRR can give advantages for adaptation to harsh environments. A total of 202 potential candidate genes were identified on the 14 waHRR islands. Most of them belonged to gene families coding zinc finger, protocadherin, adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, solute carrier, and arachidonate lipoxygenase proteins, involved in immune response, with a putative role in adaptation. Furthermore, waHRRs were also enriched on 18 and 11 different genes coding olfactory receptors and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, respectively, giving additional support to the suggested importance of the HRR islands identified for the adaptive ability of West African cattle. Our research identified new genomic areas that can be targeted for further research in cattle adaptive ability.
Modular design workflow for 3D printable bioresorbable patient-specific bone scaffolds: extended features and clinical validation
Authors: Herath Buddhi , Laubach Markus , Suresh Sinduja , Schmutz Beat , Little J. Paige , Yarlagadda Prasad K. D. V. , Delbrück Heide , Hildebrand Frank , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Wille Marie-Luise
Published: November 2024

A previously in-house developed patient-specific scaffold design workflow was extended with new features to overcome several limitations and to broaden its adaptability to diverse bone defects, thereby enhancing its fit for routine clinical use. It was applied to three clinical cases for further validation. A virtual surgical resection tool was developed to remove regions of the bone defect models. The minor cavity fill module enabled the generation of scaffold designs with smooth external surfaces and the segmental defect fill module allowed a versatile method to fill a segmental defect cavity. The boundary representation method based surgical approach module in the original workflow was redeveloped to use functional representation, eliminating previously seen resolution dependant artefacts. Lastly, a method to overlay the scaffold designs on computed tomography images of the defect for design verification by the surgeon was introduced. The extended workflow was applied to two ongoing clinical case studies of a complex bilateral femoral defect and a humerus defect, and also to a case of a large volume craniomaxillofacial defect. It was able to successfully generate scaffolds without any obstructions to their surgical insertion which was verified by digital examination as well as using physical 3D printed models. All produced surface meshes were free from 3D printing mesh errors. The scaffolds designed for the ongoing cases were 3D printed and successfully surgically implanted, providing confidence in the extended modular workflow’s ability to be applied to a broad range of diverse clinical cases.
Unveiling the hidden link: elevated platelets and T cell subsets in 5% of moderate COVID-19 patients 48 days post-onset
Authors: An Hui , Li Ting , Yang Lanting , Zhang Xinyue , Hu Hao , Zhang Chen , Wang Yongyu , Jin Shengwei , Li Ming
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Platelets are hyperactived during acute COVID-19, promoting clotting and modulating immune-cell responses. Immune thrombocytopenia in adults can manifest as an uncommon complication resulting from various viral infections or as a rare adverse event associated with vaccination. However, their role in convalescent COVID-19 patients remains underexplored. This study examines platelet dynamics early in the pandemic, 48 days post-symptom onset, in unvaccinated patients.

Methods

This longitudinal study included 298 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients (17 mild, 281 moderate) from multiple centers. Clinical evaluations and peripheral lymphocyte subset analyses via flow cytometry were conducted upon admission and on day 48 post-symptom onset (DPSO 48).

Results

At DPSO 48, 5.3% of moderate COVID-19 patients exhibited high platelet counts (>300×109/L), associated with elevated total T-cells (26.4%), CD4 T-cells (24.4%), CD8 T-cells (36.9%), and Tregs (33.9%) compared to patients with normal platelet counts. However, the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and T-cell subset frequencies remained unaffected, indicating ongoing T-cell homeostasis restoration. Additionally, a significant positive correlation (r=0.636, p=0.03) was found between platelet counts and B cells in patients with elevated platelet counts.

Discussion

Platelets may play a pivotal role in immune regulation during the recovery phase of COVID-19. Targeting platelets and their secreted mediators could improve immune balance in patients with immune disorders, highlighting a potential therapeutic approach for enhancing recovery in post-COVID-19 patients.
Sequencing of messenger RNA in the healing process of diabetes foot ulcer
Authors: Wang Guili , Wu Ding , Lu Donglin , Wu Huifang , Cai Yunmin , Meng Qingyi , Liu Zhaoxuan
Published: November 2024

Background

Transcriptome analysis of skin wound tissues from diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients to assess changes in the microenvironment during wound healing is performed by messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing.

Methods

All 5 patients with initial DFU area ≥ 3 cm2 were selected for wound specimen collection at two time points of 0% and 50% wound healing. A total of 10 skin wound samples were obtained for mRNA sequencing. According to the sequencing results, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation was performed on 12 relevant genes related to angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and wound inflammation. All patients received electrospun poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) and formulated porcine fibrinogen (PLCL/Fg) dressing for DFU treatment.

Results

The mRNA sequencing results of DFU skin specimens showed that compared to the 0% and 50% wound healing time points, there were 4347 differentially expressed genes, including 2827 upregulated genes and 1520 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that the upregulated genes were mainly associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, adhesion junctions, epidermal development, and skin barrier formation. The qPCR analysis results indicated that the increased expression of fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and CD200 gene was related to DFU healing.

Conclusion

The healing process of DFU wounds involves the interaction of multiple factors, especially in inflammation control, angiogenesis, and fibroblast proliferation.
Forecasting the vehicle energy potential to support the needs of electricity grid: a floating car data-based methodology
Authors: Comi Antonio , Crisalli Umberto , Sportiello Simone
Published: November 2024

In a global context characterized by climate warming, the transport sector has found the use of electric vehicles to be one of the possible measures of decarbonization. Although the purchase rate of this type of vehicle is still low, there are many research fields related to both the development of the electric charging network and the improvement of batteries to ensure features that meet the expectations of users. Moreover, the increase of the use of electricity can cause issues in electrical network stability, especially during the peak hours. Therefore, this sector is facing new challenges, including the case of vehicle-to-grid (V2G), which is a solution that allows the use of vehicle batteries, not only as a source of energy for the vehicles, but also as stabilizers of the supply network when the vehicles are parked (i.e., no energy is needed for their activity). In the recent years, the researchers mainly focused on the energy infrastructure and technologies, neglecting problems related to the identification of the best locations for V2G services and the potential acceptance of the electric vehicles’ owners, as well as on the potential energy that can be transferred to the grid according to the users’ needs (e.g., to continue to use their vehicle for completing the daily activities). This paper proposes a methodology aimed at identifying potential areas for deploying V2G services by using floating car data (FCD) and at estimating the potential energy to be transferred to the grid without interfering with the daily activities. This methodology is finally applied to a case study of five provinces of the Veneto region, showing the significant results obtained.
Association of inflammatory blood markers and pathological complete response in HER2-positive breast cancer: a retrospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Chen Xiaobin , Cai Qindong , Deng Lin , Chen Minyan , Xu Min , Chen Lili , Lin Yuxiang , Li Yan , Wang Yali , Chen Hanxi , Liu Shunyi , Wu Jinqiao , Tong Xin , Fu Fangmeng , Wang Chuan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The association between inflammatory blood markers (IBMs) (monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio [MLR], neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR]) and breast cancer has been extensively studied. However, the predictive role of IBMs in the neoadjuvant response of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer remains unclear.

Methods

This study included 744 patients with HER2 positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Baseline MLR, NLR, and PLR data were collected to investigate the association between IBMs and pathological complete response (pCR).

Results

MLR, NLR, and PLR were not associated with neoadjuvant response in the overall population before and after matching. Subgroup analysis stratified by neoadjuvant therapy suggested that these IBMs play a diverse predictive role in response to chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy plus anti-HER2 therapy. A high MLR and NLR, but not PLR, were associated with lower pCR rates in HER2-targeted therapy (MLR: OR=0.67, P=0.023; NLR: OR=0.665, P=0.02; PLR: OR=0.801, P=0.203). Among the anti-HER2 treatment population, patients with a high MLRs (pCR rate, 40.2%) could be divided into MLRhigh/NLRhigh (pCR rate, 36.3%) and MLRhigh/NLRlow (pCR rate, 48.9%) groups when the NLR was considered. The pCR rates of the MLRhigh/NLRlow and low-MLR groups were similar (pCR rate, 47.6%). A comparable stratification effect was observed in patients with high NLR.

Conclusions

IBMs play a diverse predictive role in pCR in HER2-positive breast cancer stratified by neoadjuvant regimens. The combination of high MLR and high NLR enabled better identification of patients with poor responses to anti-HER2 therapy than high MLR or NLR alone.
Research on intelligent three-dimensional anchor position detection method for ships utilizing Traversal and Monte Carlo algorithms
Authors: Zhou Meijie , Cao Liang , Liu Jiahao , Zhang Zeguo , Liang Zuchao , Cui Zekai , Zhang Xueli , Li Jiawen , Li Xiaowen
Published: November 2024

As intelligent ship technology advances, the importance of intelligent anchor position detection, as one of the key technologies, can ensure the safe anchoring of ships and enhance the efficiency of port operation. At present, most of the anchor position selection and detection algorithms are mainly based on two-dimensional planes, and there is a lack of research on the intelligent detection of safe water depth for ship anchoring in three-dimensional space. It not only restricts the full utilization of anchorage resources but also affects the safety and environmental adaptability of anchoring operations. To address these issues, this study proposes a three-dimension anchor position detection method. Firstly, based on the establishment of a three-dimensional ocean model, the possible anchor positions selected by the ship are simulated using the Monte Carlo algorithm. Secondly, the simulated anchor positions are optimized using a Traversal algorithm to filter out the optimal anchoring position that meets the requirements, the safety distance between each point and the existing ship is calculated, and the anchor position is determined according to the corresponding required safety spacing. Finally, to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the method under different sea conditions and different ship types, this study conducts a series of simulation experiments with 5000 random samples. These experiments compare the demand of anchor position selection for anchoring ships with changing water depths in the case of empty and full load drafts, and visualize the impact of varying water depth parameters on the selection of anchor positions for anchoring ships in various ship types. The outcomes of the experiment indicate that the algorithm’s detection area encompasses the whole anchorage area, ensuring both the anchorage area’s usage rate and the accuracy of anchor position detection. This study demonstrates that the Traversal and Monte Carlo Algorithms effectively improve the accuracy of the selection of anchoring position of the ship, makes full use of the resources of anchorage, and further improves the safety and efficiency of the anchoring operation.
The secret meal of Antarctic mesopelagic fish (Myctophidae: Electrona) revealed by multi-marker metabarcoding
Authors: Ruiz Micaela Belen , Saunders Ryan Alexander , Tarling Geraint A. , Murray Ayla , Leese Florian , Havermans Charlotte
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In the Southern Ocean, myctophids are the most successful pelagic fish group in terms of diversity, biomass, and abundance. They play a crucial role in linking primary consumers and coupling carbon flux between surface and mesopelagic depths. Understanding their trophodynamics is key to assessing pelagic ecosystem resilience under environmental change. Conventional stomach content analyses indicate that myctophids predominantly feed on crustaceans, such as copepods and euphausiids, but are less effective at detecting easily digestible, soft-bodied organisms like gelatinous zooplankton (GZP) and pteropods.

Methods

This study used multimarker (COI Leray-XT and 18S v1-v2) DNA metabarcoding to analyze the diets of two abundant myctophids in the Scotia Sea, Electrona antarctica and Electrona carlsbergi.

Results and discussion

We found a diverse diet dominated by copepods and euphausiids, followed by pteropods and GZP in terms of frequency of occurrence and relative read abundances. Within the GZP, salps and appendicularians were major components of the diet for E. carlsbergi, while hydrozoans were prominent in E. antarctica. With regards seasonal and spatial variability in the dietary contribution of GZP, E. carlsbergi consumed primarily appendicularians, chaetognaths, and hydrozoans during spring (2006) in the northern region, and more salps (predominantly Ilhea racovitzai) and other cnidarians in autumn (2009) in the southern region. Our study reveals the dietary diversity of myctophid fish as well as the importance GZP consumption as a key trophic pathway in the Southern Ocean.
Data mining-based machine learning methods for improving hydrological data: a case study of salinity field in the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Tao Shuhao , Du Ling , Li Jiahao
Published: November 2024

The Beaufort Gyre is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Arctic Ocean. Long-term changes in freshwater reservoirs are critical for understanding the Arctic Ocean, and data from various sources, particularly observation or reanalysis data, must be used to the greatest extent possible. Over the past two decades, a large number of intensive field observations and ship surveys have been conducted in the western Arctic Ocean to obtain a large amount of CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) data. Multi-machine learning methods were assessed and merged to reconstruct the annual salinity product in the Western Arctic Ocean over the period 2003-2022. Data mining-based machine learning methods reconstructed salinity product based on input variables determined by physical processes, such as sea level pressure, bathymetry, sea ice concentration, and sea ice drift. The root-mean-square error of sea surface salinity, in comparison to deep water, was effectively managed during machine learning, which exhibits higher sensitivity to variations in the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. The mean absolute errors in freshwater content and halocline depth within the Beaufort Gyre region for the salinity product from 2003 to 2022 are 0.98 m and 1.31 m, respectively, when compared to observational data. The salinity product provides reliable characterizations of freshwater content in the Beaufort Gyre and its variations at halocline depth. In polar regions where lacking observed data, we can build data mining-based machine learning methods to generate reliable data products to compensate for the inconvenience. Furthermore, the application potential of this multi-machine learning results approach for evaluating and integrating extends beyond the salinity field, encompassing hydrometeorology, sea ice thickness, polar biogeochemistry, and other related fields.
Beneficial effects of non-invasive physical plasma on human periodontal ligament cells in vitro
Authors: Eggers Benedikt , Seher Lennard , Marciniak Jana , Pauck Tristan , Deschner James , Eick Sigrun , Stope Matthias Bernhard , Kramer Franz-Josef , Küchler Erika Calvano , Kirschneck Christian , Nokhbehsaim Marjan , Beisel-Memmert Svenja
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium that can lead to the loss of affected teeth if left untreated. It is induced by a multifactorial process centered on microbial pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n.). Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), a highly reactive gas, has become a focus of research, not only for its hemostatic, proliferation-enhancing and apoptotic properties, but also for its antimicrobial potential. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of NIPP on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells that had been induced into a state of periodontal infection in vitro.

Methods

Initially, the solitary effect of NIPP was evaluated by measuring temperature and pH and analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, DAPI and phalloidin staining were employed to investigate possible cytotoxic effects. The cells were pre-incubated with F.n. and treated with NIPP after 24 hours. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were analyzed at mRNA and protein levels, respectively, by real-time PCR and ELISA.

Results

NIPP alone had no significant effect on PDL cells. However, the F.n.-induced upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8 was counteracted by NIPP.

Discussion

Thus, the utilization of NIPP may be regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
Hybrid-integrated devices for mimicking malignant brain tumors (“tumor-on-a-chip”) for in vitro development of targeted drug delivery and personalized therapy approaches
Authors: Zimina Tatiana M. , Sitkov Nikita O. , Gareev Kamil G. , Mikhailova Natalia V. , Combs Stephanie E. , Shevtsov Maxim A.
Published: November 2024

Acute and requiring attention problem of oncotheranostics is a necessity for the urgent development of operative and precise diagnostics methods, followed by efficient therapy, to significantly reduce disability and mortality of citizens. A perspective way to achieve efficient personalized treatment is to use methods for operative evaluation of the individual drug load, properties of specific tumors and the effectiveness of selected therapy, and other actual features of pathology. Among the vast diversity of tumor types—brain tumors are the most invasive and malignant in humans with poor survival after diagnosis. Among brain tumors glioblastoma shows exceptionally high mortality. More studies are urgently needed to understand the risk factors and improve therapy approaches. One of the actively developing approaches is the tumor-on-a-chip (ToC) concept. This review examines the achievements of recent years in the field of ToC system developments. The basics of microfluidic chips technologies are considered in the context of their applications in solving oncological problems. Then the basic principles of tumors cultivation are considered to evaluate the main challengers in implementation of microfluidic devices, for growing cell cultures and possibilities of their treatment and observation. The main achievements in the culture types diversity approaches and their advantages are being analyzed. The modeling of angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) on a chip, being a principally important elements of the life system, were considered in detail. The most interesting examples and achievements in the field of tumor-on-a-chip developments have been presented.
Efficacy of thumbtack needle acupuncture combined with PCIA on patients after laparoscopic myomectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mao Peiyu , Meng Weijie , Mao Tongxin , Li Hui , Xu Xuqun , Jiang Xuelu , Yang Huadi
Published: November 2024

Background

Pain and gastrointestinal dysfunction after laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) are significant issues that prevent this procedure from being classified as a “Day Surgery.” This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of thumbtack needle acupuncture (TNA) combined with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for promoting enhanced recovery after LM.

Methods

A total of 52 patients were enrolled in the study, divided into a treatment group receiving TNA and a control group. Both groups were administered PCIA without background sufentanil. For rescue analgesia or antiemetic needs, a bolus infusion of flurbiprofen axetil (50 mg) or intravenous metoclopramide (10 mg) was provided. The primary outcomes measured were the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores at awakening, as well as at 36 h, 48 h, and 60 h after LM. Secondary outcomes included VAS scores at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h after LM, total sufentanil consumption, the number of PCIA analgesic requests (attempts), the number of doses of rescue flurbiprofen axel analgesia required, preoperative anxiety scores, gastrointestinal function recovery assessment, first ambulation time, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. Adverse events were also recorded.

Results

Compared to the control group, the treatment group showed significantly lower VAS scores, fewer analgesia attempts, reduced total sufentanil consumption, and a smaller number of rescue analgesia doses after LM, along with lower preoperative anxiety scores and higher satisfaction with pain management (p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal function recovery was enhanced in the treatment group, as indicated by earlier flatus and defecation, a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and a smaller number of metoclopramide doses required (p < 0.05). Additionally, ambulation occurred earlier, and the length of hospital stay was shorter in the treatment group (p < 0.05). No adverse events were observed in patients receiving TNA.

Conclusion

TNA is a safe intervention that effectively alleviates postoperative pain, decreases the total consumption of sufentanil, reduces preoperative anxiety, enhances the recovery of gastrointestinal function, and shortens the duration of hospitalization, making it an ideal adjunct treatment for postoperative recovery after LM. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying this intervention.

Clinical trial registration

www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2300069015.
Metagenomics insights into bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistome of the sewage in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil
Authors: Ramos Sérgio , Júnior Edivaldo , Alegria Oscar , Vieira Elianne , Patroca Sandro , Cecília Ana , Moreira Fabiano , Nunes Adriana
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The advancement of antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue today. With the spread of resistant bacterial strains in water resources, especially in urban sewage, metagenomic studies enable the investigation of the microbial composition and resistance genes present in these locations. This study characterized the bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes in a sewage system that receives effluents from various sources through metagenomics.

Methods

One liter of surface water was collected at four points of a sewage channel, and after filtration, the total DNA was extracted and then sequenced on an NGS platform (Illumina® NextSeq). The sequenced data were trimmed, and the microbiome was predicted using the Kraken software, while the resistome was analyzed on the CARD webserver. All ecological and statistical analyses were performed using the. RStudio tool.

Results and discussion

The complete metagenome results showed a community with high diversity at the beginning and more restricted diversity at the end of the sampling, with a predominance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Most species were considered pathogenic, with an emphasis on those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It was possible to identify bacterial groups of different threat levels to human health according to a report by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The resistome analysis predominantly revealed genes that confer resistance to multiple drugs, followed by aminoglycosides and macrolides, with efflux pumps and drug inactivation being the most prevalent resistance mechanisms. This work was pioneering in characterizing resistance in a sanitary environment in the Amazon region and reinforces that sanitation measures for urban sewage are necessary to prevent the advancement of antibiotic resistance and the contamination of water resources, as evidenced by the process of eutrophication.
Laparoscopic liver resection versus radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Xu Lin , Lin Zhenyu , Chen Dong , Huang Zhangkan , Huang Xiaozhun , Che Xu
Published: November 2024

Background

Minimally invasive techniques have significantly gained popularity for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the Milan criteria. However, whether or not laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a better treatment option remains debatable. We conducted a meta-analysis to review the published data comparing LLR and RFA for HCC through Milan criteria depending on tumor recurrence risk and survival.

Methods

PubMed, OvidSP, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2023. The studies comparing the outcomes and methods between LLR and RFA for HCC within the Milan criteria were included.

Results

We recruited 19 cohort studies with 2532 patients. The postoperative complication rate was low, and hospital stays were shorter in the RFA group than in the LLR group. The total tumor recurrence, the local tumor recurrence rate, and the intrahepatic tumor recurrence rate were lower within the LLR group than in the RFA group. There was no significant difference in the extrahepatic recurrence rate between the two groups. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the groups concerning 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) and 1-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). However, 3-year and 5-year RFS were better within the LLR group than among the RFA group.

Conclusions

The treatment of HCC within the Milan criteria is moving toward multidisciplinary and minimally invasive approaches. Our meta-analysis identified a lower postoperative complication rate and higher recurrence rate for RFA than LLR. RFA could be an alternative treatment due to its comparable long-term efficacy with LLR.
Case Report: Nephrocalcinosis in an infant due to vitamin-D food supplement overdose
Authors: Pizzini Carla , Ossato Andrea , Realdon Nicola , Tessari Roberto
Published: November 2024

Background

Vitamin D is a vital lipophilic vitamin that plays a pivotal role in calcium regulation, bone metabolism, and overall health. It is of the utmost importance to maintain appropriate serum levels of vitamin D from the moment of birth. The recommended daily intake for infants under the age of 12 months is 400 IU. In Europe, vitamin D is available in two forms: as a medicinal product and as a food supplement. The food supplement market is experiencing rapid growth, yet it is characterised by a lack of harmonised regulations, which may give rise to potential risks associated with their widespread use. While food supplements are typically regarded as safe, there is a potential for adverse effects, particularly when dosages are not properly managed.

Case report and management

This report presents the case of a 22-month-old girl who developed nephrocalcinosis as a result of an overdose of vitamin D from a dietary supplement purchased online. The initial presentation was characterised by symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria and decreased growth. It was subsequently revealed that the child had been receiving an excessively high dose of vitamin D, amounting to 25 times the recommended amount, over a period of seven months. Despite normal calcium levels and renal function at the time of presentation, ultrasound imaging revealed the presence of early-stage nephrocalcinosis. The treatment plan involved hospital admission, intravenous hydration, a thiazide diuretic, potassium citrate, and a low-calcium diet. The vitamin D supplement was ceased. Over the course of a year, the patient demonstrated recovery in growth and normalization of vitamin D levels, although nephrocalcinosis remained stable.

Conclusion

This case study highlights the potential dangers of unsupervised vitamin D supplementation, emphasising the importance of healthcare professionals exercising vigilance in prescribing and advising on vitamin D use, particularly in children. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity of establishing a database to track long-term outcomes in paediatric vitamin D intoxication cases, given the rarity of such incidents. This would facilitate the development of appropriate treatment protocols and provide valuable information to parents.
Preliminary investigation of the in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Triphala
Authors: Zhu Zhixiang , Zou Yuanjing , Ou Ling , Chen Meiyun , Pang Yujiang , Li Hui , Hao Yajie , Su Bingmei , Lai Yuqian , Zhang Liping , Jia Junwei , Wei Ruixia , Zhang Guimin , Yao Meicun , Feng Zhong
Published: November 2024

Background

Triphala, is a composite of three individual botanical drugs: Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, and Emblica officinalis. It exhibits properties such as heatclearing, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects,making it extensively utilized in India and Tibet. It has been found to exhibitinhibitory effects on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori); however, further comprehensive research is still needed to elucidate its specific antibacterial mechanism. The present study investigates the in vitro antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of Triphala against H. pylori.

Methods

Ours research investigates the in vitro inhibitory activity of Triphala on multiple standard and clinical strains using microdilution broth method, time-kill curve, time-bactericidal curve and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the antibacterial mechanism of Triphala is further explored through experiments on urease activity, biofilm formation, anti-adhesion properties, virulence actor assays using RT-qPCR and Western Blotting techniques.

Results

The research findings indicate that Triphala exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration of 80–320 μg/mL against both standard and clinical strains of H. pylori. Triphala exerts its anti-H. pylori effect by perturbing the microstructure of H. pylori, downregulating adhesion-associated genes (alpA, alpB, babA), urease-related genes (ureA, ureB, ureE, ureF), and flagellar genes (flaA, flaB); inhibiting bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, urease activity as well as CagA protein expression.

Discussion

These findings suggest that Triphala exerts inhibitory effects on H. pylori activity through multiple mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a new drug for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection.