bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fractal permeability model for the dual-porosity media of tight gas reservoirs
Authors: Zeng Fanhui , Zhang Tao , Yang Jie , Guo Jianchun , Zhang Qiang , Ren Wenxi
Published: December 2020

Hydraulic fracturing is a crucial method for the exploitation of tight gas reservoirs. The matrix permeability is a key factor influencing the fracturing result. This paper assumes that the matrix permeability is provided by a series of capillary bundles and tree-like networks, fully considering the stress sensitivity to establish a single-capillary (fracture) flow equation in terms of factors such as the water saturation, threshold pressure gradient (TPG), fracture width dynamic changes and real gas effect. The established permeability model after fracturing is generalized by Darcy’s law with the fractal theory. The apparent permeability model shows that (1) the gas flow in capillaries and fractures is single-phase flow considering the connate water saturation, stress sensitivity, real gas effect, TPG, and fracture width dynamic changes. The fracture permeability is much higher than the capillary permeability. When the production pressure gradient is lower than the TPG, the flow rate is 0. As the formation pressure decreases, the dual-porosity medium permeability increases. (2) As the water saturation increases, the permeability decreases, and with increasing stress sensitivity and real gas effect, the permeability decreases. (3) The parameters of the tree-like fractal structure greatly affect the permeability. The larger the number and series of bifurcations are, the higher the permeability is. The fracture length ratio is K∝γ, and the fracture width ratio is α∝K. The negative correlation becomes increasingly profound with increasing number and series of bifurcations. This fractal model fully considers TPG, stress sensitivity, and real gas effects, making the dual-porous medium reservoir permeability calculation model more complete, which can provide a more accurate calculation method for the permeability of the reservoir stimulation area after fracturing.
Truth-tracing versus truth-tracking: Lafont, Landemore and epistemic democracy
Authors: Niesen Peter
Published: December 2020

Cognitivist theories of democratic decision-making come in two flavours, which I label transparently and intransparently epistemic. Lafont’s deliberative theory of democracy has strengths in accounting for the transparently truth-tracing power of justification but lacks a plausible account of the intransparently truth-tracking power of aggregative approaches highlighted by, among others, Hélène Landemore, such as the Condorcet Jury Theorem or the Diversity Trumps Ability Theorem. I suggest opting for an approach that includes semi-transparently epistemic mechanisms, that is, truth-tracking mechanisms, the workings of which can be explained, passing the public reason test, to all citizens.
Risk, resilience and response-able practice in Australia’s changing bushfire landscapes
Authors: Beilin Ruth , Paschen Jana-Axinja
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the policy concept and community enactments of ‘shared responsibility’ for disaster resilience in the context of wildfires in Victoria, Australia. Since the state-wide Black Saturday fires of 2009, we contend, first, the State’s decreasing ability to protect its citizens has shifted the responsibility for adapting to uncertainty to individuals, and second, this responsibility has been translated into compliance approaches to disaster risk management. We develop the concept of two distinct imaginaries at play: the reactive and the relational life. Policy discourse invokes a reactive life, a normative resilience maintaining the status quo, rather than a potentially transformative relational process enabling citizens to be ‘response-able’. Facing uncertainties, government legitimacy hinges on increasing citizen safety, with decentralised community resilience programs intended to manage and reduce disaster risk by emphasising shared responsibility. For citizens, however, ‘shared responsibility’ reveals an increasing tension in relation to the risk and uncertainty associated with life on the newly designated ‘fire-prone’ periphery, and within expectations of government. We conclude that the emphasis on responsibility as the work to be done in community-based resilience programs demands a more nuanced set of expectations that reflect citizens’ relational life as a starting place for rethinking safety and security.
The Modern, the Postmodern, and. . . the Metamodern? Reflections on a Transforming Sensibility from the Perspective of Theological Anthropology
Authors: Bargár Pavol
Published: December 2020

There have recently been attempts in the academic discourse to describe what is referred to as the demise of the postmodern due to the perceived insufficiency of the latter concept to adequately express the uniqueness of the 21st-century world. The younger generation of scholars, therefore, suggest adopting a new discourse, termed ‘metamodernism’, to do justice to this transforming sensibility. Metamodernism can be characterised by an oscillation between the modern and the postmodern, enthusiasm and irony, hope and nihilism, construction and deconstruction. This article seeks to reflect on this new discourse from the perspective of theological anthropology. It will bring theorists of metamodernism in conversation with theological discussion to explore how Christians can respond and contribute to this ongoing transformation in the human interpretation of reality. It will be suggested that this momentum should be viewed by Christians as a ‘paradigm shift’ that they are to embrace critically, yet affirmatively.
Reversion from chronic migraine to episodic migraine following treatment with erenumab: Results of a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, 12-week, double-blind study and a 52-week, open-label extension
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Tepper Stewart J , Silberstein Stephen D , Kudrow David , Ashina Messoud , Reuter Uwe , Dodick David W , Zhang Feng , Rippon Gregory A , Cheng Sunfa , Mikol Daniel D
Published: December 2020

Objective

To determine reversion rates from chronic migraine to episodic migraine during long-term erenumab treatment.

Methods

A daily headache diary was completed during the 12-week, double-blind treatment phase of a placebo-controlled trial comparing erenumab 70 mg, 140 mg, and placebo, and weeks 1–12, 21–24, 37–40, and 49–52 of the open-label treatment phase. Chronic migraine to episodic migraine reversion rates were assessed over the double-blind treatment phase; persistent reversion to episodic migraine over 24 weeks (double-blind treatment phase through the first 12 weeks in the open-label treatment phase), long-term persistent reversion to episodic migraine over 64 weeks (double-blind treatment phase plus open-label treatment phase); delayed reversion to episodic migraine through the first 12 weeks of the open-label treatment phase among patients remaining in chronic migraine during the double-blind treatment phase.

Results

In the double-blind treatment phase, 53.1% (95% confidence interval: 47.8–58.3) of 358 erenumab-treated completers had reversion to episodic migraine; monthly reversion rates to episodic migraine were typically higher among patients receiving 140 mg versus 70 mg. Among 181 completers (receiving erenumab for 64 weeks), 98 (54.1% [95% confidence interval: 46.6–61.6]) had reversion to episodic migraine during the double-blind treatment phase; of those, 96.9% (95% confidence interval: 91.3–99.4) had persistent reversion to episodic migraine, 96.8% (95% confidence interval: 91.1–99.3) of whom had long-term persistent reversion to episodic migraine. Delayed reversion to episodic migraine occurred in 36/83 (43.4% [95% confidence interval: 32.5–54.7]) patients; of these, 77.8% (95% confidence interval: 60.9–89.9) persisted in reversion through week 64.

Conclusions

Patients with reversion to episodic migraine at week 12 will likely persist as episodic migraine with longer-term erenumab; others may achieve delayed reversion to episodic migraine. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02066415
Prevalence and risk factors of migraine and non-migraine headache in older people – results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study
Authors: Schramm Sara , Tenhagen Isabell , Schmidt Börge , Holle-Lee Dagny , Naegel Steffen , Katsarava Zaza , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Moebus Susanne
Published: December 2020

Background

The prevalence of migraine and non-migraine headache declines with age.

Methods

Data from the third visit (2011–2015) of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study were analysed (n = 2038, 51% women, 65–86 years). Possible risk factors for headache activity (obesity, education, smoking, sports, alcohol, partnership status, living alone, having children, sleep quality, depression, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, coronary heart disease, medication), and headache symptoms were assessed. We estimated the lifetime prevalence and the prevalence of current active headache of migraine with and without aura, and non-migraine headache. The associations between possible risk factors and headache activity (active vs. inactive) were estimated by age and sex-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR [95% CI]) using multiple logistic regression.

Results

The lifetime prevalence of migraine was 28.6% (n = 584). One hundred and ninety-two (9.4%) had still-active migraine, 168 (3.5%) had migraine with aura, and 416 (5.9%) had migraine without aura. One hundred and sixty-eight (8.2%) had “episodic infrequent migraine, 0–8 headache days/month”, 10 (0.5%) had “episodic frequent migraine, 9–14 headache days/month”, and five (0.2%) had “chronic migraine, ≥15 headache days/month”. Overall, 10 (0.5%) had “chronic headache, any headache on ≥15 days/month”. Female gender and younger age were the most important associated migraine risk factors. Depression (1.62 [1.06; 2.47]) and poor sleep (1.06 [1.00; 1.12]) were associated with migraine and headache activity in general. Antihypertensives were associated with headache remission (0.80 [0.64; 1.00]). Additionally, undertaking less sports (0.72 [0.51; 1.03]) was associated with higher migraine activity.

Conclusions

Headaches and migraines are not rare in the older population. They are related to mood and sleep disturbance, and migraine even to less physical activity. Antihypertensives are related to headache remission.
Improvements of Disability Outcomes in CAPABLE Older Adults Differ by Financial Strain Status
Authors: Liu Minhui , Xue Qian-Li , Samuel Laura , Gitlin Laura N. , Guralnik Jack , Leff Bruce , Szanton Sarah L.
Published: December 2020

The Community Aging in Place–Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE) program reduces disability in low-income older adults. In this study, we used CAPABLE baseline and 5-month data to examine whether its effects in reducing activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs) difficulties differed by participants’ financial strain status. At baseline, participants with financial strain were more likely to report higher scores on depression ( p < .001), have low energy ( p < .001), and usually feel tired ( p = .004) compared with participants without financial strain, but did not differ in ADL/IADL scores. Participants with financial strain benefited from the program in reducing ADL (relative risk [RR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43, 0.86) and IADL disabilities (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87), compared with those with financial strain receiving attention control. Individuals with financial strain benefited more from a home-based intervention on measures of disability than those without financial strain. Interventions that improve disability may be beneficial for financially strained older adults.
Model Testing of the Factors That Influence Performance of Function Focused Care and Function Among Assisted Living Residents
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Boltz Marie , Galik Elizabeth , Fix Steven , Holmes Sarah , Zhu Shijun
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to test a model of factors associated with participating in function focused care. Function focused care is a philosophy of care in which residents are encouraged to engage in functional and physical activities during care interactions. This was a secondary data analysis using data from the Dissemination and Implementation of Function Focused Care for Assisted Living Using the Evidence Integration Triangle (FFC-AL-EIT) study. Residents ( n = 550) were recruited from 59 AL settings. The majority were female ( n = 380, 69%) and White ( n = 536, 97%). Model testing was done. Comorbidities, quality of interactions, environments, profit status, cognitive impairment, depression, and function were associated with function focused care and accounted for 17% of the variance. Next steps should include intervening on changeable factors (e.g., environments) and adding factors to better explain performance of function focused care such as motivation, resilience, and staff satisfaction.
Autism in the media: A longitudinal study of stigma cues and framing of attribution
Authors: Yu Nan , Farrell Laura
Published: December 2020

This study examined 16 years of newspapers’ presentation of a prominent health issue, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The presence of attribution of autism and stigma cues in national and local newspapers were particularly focused on. Our results illuminated intriguing trends regarding how newspapers have framed the attribution of autism and how various stigma cues have been chosen by national and local newspapers to identify autistic individuals over time. We suggest that given the evolving medical findings of autism, journalists should be alert to the changing, complex nature of this disability.
Legacies, Present, and Futures: Introduction to the Special Issue on Feminist Organizational Communication
Authors: Cruz Joëlle M. , Linabary Jasmine R.
Published: December 2020

In this introduction to the Special Issue, we foreground our feminist journeys, discuss legacies of feminist organizational communication, and introduce the articles of the Special Issue. In the process, we imagine future possibilities of feminist work, thus charting directions for research and praxis.
Two-dimensional pressure field and backflow in the annular skirt of vortex gripper
Authors: Zhao Jianghong , Li Xin
Published: December 2020

The vortex gripper is a kind of pneumatic noncontact gripper that does not produce a magnetic field and heat. It can grip a workpiece without physical contact, which avoids any unintentional damage such as mechanical scratches, local stress concentrations, frictional static electricity, and surface stains. This study focused on the two-dimensional pressure distribution field on a workpiece surface under the vortex gripper. Theoretical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics results were combined to study the backflow phenomenon in the annular skirt, which can decrease the gripper’s suction force after the maximum value is reached. First, the pressure distribution in the annular skirt was theoretically modeled. A comparison with the experimental results showed that increasing the gap height between the gripper and workpiece generates a circumferentially asymmetrical flow field in the skirt. Based on this, it was hypothesized that an airflow in the circumferential direction may exist. The experimental data and simulation results were analyzed under large gap height conditions to observe the backflow in detail and it was found that an uneven pressure distribution with positive and negative pressure regions generated by the uneven flow is the root cause of the backflow. Finally, the effect of the backflow on the flow field in two different flow regions (in the annular skirt and inside the vortex chamber) was analyzed and the reason why the suction force of the vortex gripper has a maximum value was determined.
Comparison of Islet Characterization from Use of Standard Crude Collagenase to GMP-Grade Collagenase Enzyme Blends in Preweaned Porcine Islet Isolations
Authors: Corrales Nicole , Park Soomin , Lau Hien , Xu Ivana , Luong Colleen , Rodriguez Samuel , Mönch Johanna , Alexander Michael , Lakey Jonathan RT
Published: December 2020

For the advancement of porcine xenotransplantation for clinical use in type 1 diabetes mellitus, the concerns of a sustainable and safe digestion enzyme blend must be overcome. Incorporating good manufacturing practices (GMP) can facilitate this through utilizing GMP-grade enzymes. In conjunction, still taking into account the cost-effectiveness, a wide concern. We evaluated how GMP-grade enzyme blends impact our piglet islets and their long-term effects.  Preweaned porcine islets (PPIs) were isolated from 8- to 10-day-old pigs. Digestion enzyme blends, collagenase type V (Type V), collagenase AF-1 GMP-grade with collagenase NB 6 GMP-grade (AF-1 and NB 6), and collagenase AF-1 GMP-grade with collagenase neutral protease AF GMP-grade (AF-1 and NP AF) were compared. Islet quality control assessments, islet yield, viability, and function, were performed on days 3 and 7, and cell content was performed on day 7.  GMP-grade AF-1 and NB 6 (17,209 ± 2,730 islet equivalent per gram of pancreatic tissue [IE/g] on day 3, 9,001 ± 1,034 IE/g on day 7) and AF-1 and NP AF (17,214 ± 3,901 IE/g on day 3, 8,833 ± 2,398 IE/g on day 7) showed a significant increase in islet yield compared to Type V (4,618 ± 1,240 IE/g on day 3, 1,923 ± 704 IE/g on day 7). Islet size, viability, and function showed comparable results in all enzyme blends. There was no significant difference in islet cellular content between enzyme blends.  This study demonstrated a comparison of GMP-grade collagenase enzyme blends and a standard crude collagenase enzyme in preweaned-aged porcine, a novel topic in this age. GMP-grade enzyme blends of AF-1 and NB 6 and AF-1 and NP AF resulted in substantially higher yields and as effective PPIs compared to Type V. In the long run, considering costs, integrity, and sustainability, GMP-grade enzyme blends are more favorable for clinical application due to high reproducibility in comparison to undefined manufacturing processes of standard enzymes.
Predatory nursing journals: A case study of author prevalence and characteristics
Authors: Gabrielsson Sebastian , Eriksson Stefan , Godskesen Tove
Published: December 2020

Background:

Predatory publishing poses a fundamental threat to the development of nursing knowledge. Previous research has suggested that authors of papers published in predatory journals are mainly inexperienced researchers from low- and middle-income countries. Less attention has been paid to contributors from high-income countries.

Aim:

To describe the prevalence and characteristics of Swedish authors publishing in predatory nursing journals.

Design:

Quantitative descriptive case study.

Participants and research context:

Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the academic positions and academic affiliations of the authors of 39 papers published in predatory nursing journals during 2018 and 2019. Predatory nursing journals with Swedish contributors were identified by searching public listings of papers and applying a set of criteria. Journal site archives were used to identify additional papers with Swedish authors.

Ethical considerations:

This study was conducted in accordance with national regulations and ethical principles of research.

Results:

Almost two-thirds of Swedish authors publishing in predatory nursing journals hold senior academic positions. A small group of higher education institutions account for a majority of academic affiliations. Findings suggest that higher education institutions and experienced nursing researchers from Sweden make substantial contributions to predatory nursing journals, but that predatory publication habits might be concentrated in a limited number of academics and research milieus. A year-to-year comparison indicates that the prevalence of publishing in predatory journals might be diminishing.

Discussion:

Swedish nurse researchers help legitimize predatory journals, thus jeopardizing the trustworthiness of academic nursing knowledge. Substandard papers in predatory journals may pass as legitimate and be used to further academic careers. Experienced researchers are misleading junior colleagues, as joint publications might become embarrassments and liabilities.

Conclusion:

While the academic nursing community needs to address the problem of predatory publishing, there is some hope that educational efforts might have an effect on combating predatory publishing in nursing.
How to Talk to Children and Adolescents With Cancer About Spirituality? Establishing a Conversation Model
Authors: Alvarenga Willyane de Andrade , Leite Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi , Menochelli Amanda Aparecida , Ortiz La Banca Rebecca , De Bortoli Paula Saud , Neris Rhyquelle Rhibna , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: December 2020

Talking to children and adolescents with cancer about spirituality is a challenge. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a conversation model for a spiritual approach with children and adolescents with cancer. It was a methodological study with a systematic approach in three stages: (a) review of the literature for the selection of photographs and guiding questions, (b) using an expert committee to evaluate photographs and preselected questions, and (c) cognitive interview with children and adolescents to test the methodology. The expert committee evaluated and selected 20 photos and their respective guiding questions. Fifteen children and adolescents hospitalized with cancer tested the spirituality conversation model and expressed feelings, values, beliefs, fears, and the meaning they give to life and illness. The implementation of the conversation model can contribute both to the clinical practice, facilitating care for the spiritual dimension of pediatric patients, and to qualitative research on spirituality involving children.
A fuzzy sliding mode control of anti-lock system featured by magnetorheological brakes: performance evaluation via the hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: December 2020

The aim of this work is to propose a new type of anti-lock braking system (ABS) using a magneto-rheological (MR) brake and validate its effectiveness by implementing a fuzzy logic sliding mode (FLSM) controller via the hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HILS). Firstly, a quarter vehicle model integrated with the tire model is established to analyze control performance of MR brake during the braking process under different road conditions. Secondly, a disc type MR brake is designed on the basis of a mathematical model and the field-dependent braking torque is measured. Subsequently, in order to investigate the control performance of the proposed ABS, the software model is combined with the hardware configuration which is built by Matlab/Simulink. It is shown via HILS that the proposed ABS associated with the FLSM controller can provide high response speed and excellent braking control effect. In this work, control responses from the FLSM controller are also compared with those achieved from the conventional sliding mode controller in order to emphasize the significance of the control strategy to enhance ABS performances.
Patient Safety in Palliative and End-of-Life Care: A Text Mining Approach and Systematic Review of Definitions
Authors: Carrasco Anna J. Pedrosa , Volberg Christian , Pedrosa David J. , Berthold Daniel
Published: December 2020

Background:

Patient safety has gained an increasing profile as a crucial element of healthcare. However, not only is there little evidence on the relevance of the term in the palliative and end-of-life care literature but also a lack of a precise and uniform definition.

Method:

With a text mining approach occurrence of the term patient safety was determined in all available abstracts of 10 palliative and end-of-life care journals. Furthermore, 4 electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PSYCINFO) were searched supplemented by hand-searching of relevant literature to identify and conceptualize published definitions of patient safety in the palliative and end-of-life care context. Publications were independently assessed against inclusion criteria by 2 authors.

Results:

Our search of 14,351 abstracts yielded 41 hits for “patient safety” ranking 2,345 in the list of most commonly encountered tokens. We identified 11 definitions of patient safety stemming from 11 publications. Definitions differed with regard to the concept of process or outcome. They also allowed distinctive perspectives on the extent to which patient care influences patient safety. Lastly, exact wording led to discrepancies in the understanding of unsafe care and generalizability of definitions.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that patient safety has gradually gained importance in palliative and end-of-life care. However, as key elements of definientia varied considerably no consensus definition could be identified. Nevertheless, a universal definition would help to facilitate communication and exchange of information among individuals and organizations involved in palliative and end-of-life care.
Lay Health Workers’ Perspectives on Delivery of Advance Care Planning and Symptom Screening Among Adults With Cancer: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Khateeb Sana , Coker Tumaini
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Advance care planning and symptom screening among patients with cancer require team-based approaches to ensure that these services are equitably and appropriately delivered. In several organizations across the United States, we trained and employed lay health workers (LHWs) to assist with delivering these services for patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to understand LHWs’ views on delivering these services.

Methods:

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 LHWs in 6 US-based clinical cancer care settings in 4 large cities. We recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interviews using the constant comparative method of qualitative analysis.

Results:

Participants noted the importance of their role in assisting with the delivery of advance care planning (ACP) and symptom screening services. Participants noted the importance of developing relationships with patients to engage openly in ACP and symptom screening discussions. Participants reported that ongoing training provided skills and empowered them to discuss sensitive issues with patients and their caregivers. Participants described challenges in their roles including communication with oncology providers and their own emotional well-being. Participants identified solutions to these challenges including formal opportunities for introduction with oncology clinicians and staff and grievance sessions with LHWs and other team members.

Discussion:

LHWs from several organizations endorsed the importance of their roles in ensuring the delivery of ACP and proactive symptom screening. LHWs noted challenges and specific solutions to improve their effectiveness in delivering these important services to patients after their diagnosis of cancer.
Incidence of Symptomatic Submucous Cleft Palate in the Netherlands: A Retrospective Cohort Study Over a Period of 22 Years
Authors: Smit Johannes A. , Mulder Puck P. , de Graaf Feike , de Bakker Bernadette S. , Breugem Corstiaan C.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To analyze the incidence of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) in a large national database and raise awareness among referring providers: pediatricians, speech pathologists, and dentists to minimize delay in diagnosis.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary setting.

Patients:

Patients were extracted from the “Dutch Association for Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies” database. A total of 6916 patients were included from 1997 until 2018 and divided into 2 groups (ie, SMCP versus cleft palate [CP]). Patients born before 1997 and adopted patients were excluded.

Interventions:

Clefts were classified as either hard of soft palatal involvement based on anatomical landmarks at first consultation.

Main Outcome Measures:

Primary outcomes were the patient characteristics in both groups (ie, gender, birth weight, gestational age, and additional anomalies). Secondary outcome was the time of diagnosis among subgroups.

Results:

In total, 532 patients were diagnosed with SMCP (7.7%). Birth weight, gestational age, and additional anomalies did not differ between subgroups, but there were more males in the SMCP group ( P < .001). The median age of diagnosis of the SMCP group was significantly higher than of the CP group (987 vs 27 days; P < .001). Over the course of 22 years, the time of diagnosis for SMCP did not decrease.

Conclusion:

Submucous cleft palate represents <10% of the Dutch cleft population and 19.4% of all CP. Time of diagnosis for SMCP is significantly longer when compared with time of diagnosis of CP, and this has not changed over the study period of 22 years.
An Environmental Justice Perspective on Smallholder Pesticide Use in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Isgren Ellinor , Andersson Elina
Published: December 2020

Pesticide use is increasing in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and many smallholders purchase, handle, and apply toxic pesticides with inadequate equipment, knowledge, and technical support. Through the frame of environmental justice, this literature-based study analyzes characteristics, impacts, and drivers of smallholder pesticide use in sub-Saharan Africa, with particular attention to Uganda as a case. We find that market liberalization, poor regulation enforcement, and persistent neglect of agricultural extension place the burden of risk largely on farmers, while perceived necessity of pesticides and the elusive nature of impacts (especially under conditions of insufficient monitoring) likely delay social mobilization around pesticides. The environmental justice frame, which has seen limited application in smallholder contexts, importantly helps delineate future directions for research and practice. It is particularly effective for redirecting focus from highly limited managerial solutions for “safe use” toward deeper problem drivers and solutions capable of tackling them.
Growth dynamics of lactic acid bacteria and dairy microscopic fungus Geotrichum candidum during their co-cultivation in milk
Authors: Šipošová Petra , Koňuchová Martina , Valík Ľubomír , Medveďová Alžbeta
Published: December 2020

Production of high-quality and microbiologically safe fermented dairy products requires controlled growth and microbial interactions between lactic acid bacteria and microscopic fungi. For this purpose, detailed knowledge of their growth characteristics is needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the growth dynamics of lactic acid bacteria of commercial DVS® FRESCO® 1000NG culture and dairy isolate of microscopic fungus Geotrichum candidum during their co-cultivation in milk. The growth dynamics of microorganisms was studied in dependence on their initial counts at 12, 15, 18, 21 and 30 °C. Growth parameters were calculated by two primary predictive models, model of Baranyi and Roberts and Huang’s model. Both models showed good ability to describe the growth dynamics of studied microorganisms, as it was confirmed by low values of RMSE index. Both microbial cultures, Fresco culture and Geotrichum candidum, showed good growth ability in milk since they reached the average maximum density of 9.50 ± 0.13 log CFU/mL and 5.85 ± 0.69 log CFU/mL ( n = 45), in order. Maximum density of studied microorganisms was not affected by their initial counts or incubation temperature. On the other hand, effect of mutual ratio of microbial initial counts and increasing temperature had a significant impact on growth dynamics.
Integrating andragogical philosophy with Indigenous teaching and learning
Authors: Gainsford Annette , Evans Michelle
Published: December 2020

Recent Australian research has identified that the success of an Indigenous business greatly relies on the business acumen of its owner. Whilst business education offered through Business Schools is seemingly open to all, Indigenous Australian participation in these educational offerings have been low. In contrast the number of Indigenous businesses emerging in Australia over the past decade is building a demand for Indigenous specific business education offerings. The MURRA Indigenous Business Master Class at Melbourne Business School is such an example of an Indigenous business education program. We discuss how this program implements an andragogical philosophy into the Indigenous teaching and learning approach of business education to take into consideration an individual’s cultural and business knowledge to contextualise business learning. This paper identifies a framework of andragogy principles that contributes to the learning environment for Indigenous entrepreneurs. We identify four key learning principles and offer an evidence based model to progress business education. Through well designed Indigenous business education, business education can provide Indigenous entrepreneurs with an effective learning environment that integrates their cultural identity, highlights Indigenous knowledges and allows for the development of skills to support self-determination practices.
A review on tribological performance of ionic liquids as additives to bio lubricants
Authors: Naveed Tehreem , Zahid Rehan , Mufti Riaz Ahmad , Waqas Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad Talha
Published: December 2020

All the moving components in an internal combustion engine require a lubricant that allows smooth sliding and/or rolling of interacting surfaces. Lubricant not only minimizes the friction and wear but also dissipates the heat generated due to friction and removes debris from the area of contact. Environmental concerns, decreasing mineral oil reserves and difficult disposal of nonbiodegradable conventional lubricants have urged the researchers to shift towards environmental-friendly lubricants. Number of tribological studies carried out in the past have proved that ionic liquid-based bio-lubricants are sustainable and biodegradable alternative to mineral oils. This paper presents a brief review of properties of ionic liquids and their ability to reduce friction and wear between the interacting surfaces. Tribological performance and compatibility of ionic liquids with various base-oils have been compared under boundary lubrication. The results reveal that phosphonium-based ionic liquids namely tetra-decyl tri-hexyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate (P66614)i(C8)2PO2 and tri-hexyl tetra-decyl phosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (P-DEHP) are more suitable for tribological applications. Since, ionic liquids can be tailored according to the application and millions of combinations are possible therefore, there is a need to summarize the published data in a more systematic and logical way.
Solving ‘wicked problems’ in the app co-design process
Authors: Skuse Andrew , Rodger Dianne , Wilmore Michael , Humphreys Sal , Dalton Julia , Clifton Vicki
Published: December 2020

Until relatively recently, processes of health application (app) design have been understudied and this has resulted in a lack of critical reflection on app creation, including curtailing opportunities to share insights and possible pitfalls that could inform best practice in the field. In response, this article contributes to a growing body of literature that addresses this lacuna by exploring the experiences of the research and design team that developed a health app for pregnant women attending a large tertiary hospital in South Australia. Our analysis pays particular attention to the designer–researcher–user nexus exhibited in the ‘co-design’ process and in doing so, draws on Rittel’s notion of ‘wicked problems’. Ultimately, we show that app design is a problem-solving process that is reflective of a high degree of sociality, fluidity, accommodations and compromises.
In pursuit of the potential of sexual field theory: A research agenda
Authors: Wade Lisa
Published: December 2020

Some argue that sexual field theory is the most promising approach to developing a comprehensive theory of collective sexual life. Yet, it remains underdeveloped. Pointing to a narrow empirical foundation, I use collegiate hookup cultures to reveal the potential of extended case study. I present the first comprehensive consideration of hookup cultures from a field theory perspective and show how these cases can both answer existing questions and provoke new ones. These include questions about the relationship between structures of desire and complex, contradictory, and untapped personal desires; the role of aversion and trauma in shaping the habitus; the dynamics of power, from the micro to the macrosociological; the bounds and reach of a field’s force; and sexual fields’ embeddedness in organizations. Given these potential theoretical advances, I argue that a wider range of cases will allow sexual field theory to fulfill its promise to sexualities scholarship.
Sociopsychological correlates of militant extremist beliefs in a postconflict society: The importance of ethnocentrism and quality of interethnic contacts
Authors: Stankov Lazar , Međedović Janko , Lazarević Ljiljana B. , Petrović Boban , Knežević Goran
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the attitudinal and motivational bases of militant extremist beliefs in a postconflict society ( N = 600; 51% female). Militant extremist mindset (MEM) measures of proviolence, divine power, utopianism, vile world, and West, together with the Ethos of Conflict- Grudge Scale (EOC-grudge), were used to assess militant-extremist beliefs. Data about the socioeconomic status (SES) of participants, ethnocentrism, intergroup contact, trust in the system, and the level of conflict in the sampled areas were also collected. The main hypotheses were that extremist beliefs are associated with a high level of ethnocentrism, low socioeconomic status, decreased intergroup contact, low trust in the system, and recent intergroup conflict. A structural model in which all relations between the measures were simultaneously tested showed that recent intergroup conflict was related to the most malignant aspect of MEM—proviolence—predominantly through negative experiences with members of other ethnicities. Ethnocentrism was strongly related to higher levels of grudge and excuse. Self-assessed socioeconomic status was related to grudge only but taking into account all other variables, positively. Finally, trust in the political and social system was not found to have a relationship with militant-extremist beliefs.
Supporting political violence: The role of ideological passion and social network
Authors: Bélanger Jocelyn J. , Robbins Blaine G. , Muhammad Hayat , Moyano Manuel , Nisa Claudia F. , Schumpe Birga M. , Blaya-Burgo Michelle
Published: December 2020

This research examines how social networks contribute to the process of radicalization, building on work showing that obsessive (vs. harmonious) passion for a cause is linked to greater support for political violence. Study 1 ( N = 331) shows that obsessive (vs. harmonious) passion is related to affiliating with radical (vs. moderate) social networks, which in turn is associated with support for political violence. Study 2 ( N = 381) provides experimental evidence for this phenomenon, by showing that inducing an obsessive mindset produces a greater proclivity to connect with radical activists, which in turn is associated with greater support for political violence. Drawing from social network analysis, Study 3 ( N = 366) shows that network density intensifies obsessively passionate individuals’ affiliation to radical networks. The results offer insight into the group processes behind radicalization across different cultural contexts and ideologies.
Determinants of the Commodity Futures Market Performance: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Dubey Priti , Shankar Rishika
Published: December 2020

This article aims to find out interlinkages between equity and commodity markets through the channel of investors’ outlook in the equity market. The proxies used for gauging perception of investors are investor sentiment index and Advance–Decline ratio. The study also incorporates the introduction of Commodity Transaction Tax (CTT) and occurrence of National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) scam in the year 2013. Additionally, returns in commodity market are examined to be a function of equity returns. The empirical findings suggest that the liquidity of commodity futures is inversely related to investor sentiments in equity market, and commodity returns are also negatively related to equity returns. Therefore, equity and commodity markets are inversely related, as liquidity in both the markets reacts to the investor sentiments; contrarily, commodity returns experience a significantly negative impact from equity returns. Additionally, the results also provide evidence that investor sentiment in equity possesses the ability to predict liquidity in the commodity futures market. The study also suggests that the CTT and NSEL scam have significantly and positively affected the liquidity of the Indian commodity market.
Dynamic forecasting model for indoor pollutant concentration using recurrent neural network
Authors: Hu Lulu , Fan Na , Li Jingguang , Liu Yingwen
Published: December 2020

Accurate and reliable indoor pollutant concentration prediction is essential to solve the time-lag problem of indoor air quality control systems. Thus, the representation of time in pollutant forecasting models is very important. One approach is to introduce an Elman neural network using a direct inference strategy into the time series forecast of indoor pollutant concentration. In this study, measurements of CO2 (ppm), total volatile organic compounds (mg/m3), particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5; µg/m3), the indoor dry bulb temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were carried out in a classroom at a middle school in Beijing, China. To identify air pollution antecedents, input selection was conducted based on correlation analysis. The results show that the information provided by the PM2.5 time series can better simulate the dynamic relationship between input and output data ([Formula: see text]= 0.963 and R2 = 0.928). In addition to the overall goodness of fit ([Formula: see text] = 0.982) of the CO2 time series, the peak and valley prediction capability of the model was evaluated using the relative peak error ( RPE) metric. Information from the valleys of the CO2 time series gives good results ([Formula: see text]). Therefore, a dynamic forecasting model with a direct inference strategy is a capable tool for identifying proper air pollution antecedents.
Reporting familicide-suicide in broadcast media: An Irish case study to inform better practice
Authors: O’ Brien Anne , Culloty Eileen
Published: December 2020

News media coverage plays an important role in the public recognition of intimate partner homicide (IPH) and familicide as crimes. However, studies find that news coverage typically fails to contextualise these crimes, relies on non-expert sources, and often engages in victim-blaming. Existing studies have primarily investigated print media. The lack of attention to broadcast media is significant because broadcast news attracts a larger share of public attention and it relies on distinct routines and practices that may influence coverage. To address this gap, this study presents an in-depth analysis of the broadcast news coverage surrounding a 2016 case of familicide-suicide in Ireland. Our analysis identifies patterns of decontextualisation, non-expert sourcing and perpetrator exoneration. Specifically, coverage decontextualised the crime through an emphasis on the family and the response of the community and through the privileging of (male) local sources, including male religious voices, over expert sources. Although victim-blaming was not very explicit, coverage frequently exonerated the perpetrator through references to his good character. Thus, we find that broadcast news replicates the patterns of print news and that the preference for on-the ground reporting privileged sources who were proximate to the crime rather than those who could provide an expert understanding of it. These findings are discussed in terms of efforts to change media practices for more accurate representations of IPH and familicide in news media.
Comparison between traditional and alternative biocompatible welding techniques used in orthodontic devices
Authors: de Souza Henkin Fernanda , de Menezes Luciane Macedo , Dedavid Berenice Anina , Quintão Cátia Abdo
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To compare the mechanical strength of joints made by conventional soldering with those made by alternative, more biocompatible, methods (spot, tungsten inert gas [TIG] and laser welding), and to compare the microstructural morphology of wires welded with these techniques.

Design:

In vitro, laboratory study.

Methods:

Forty stainless-steel wire segments with 0.8-mm diameter were joined by silver soldering, spot, laser and TIG welding. Ten specimens were produced for each one. Tensile strength test was performed 24 h after welding on the Emic DL2000™ universal testing machine, using a load cell of 1000 N with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min.

Results:

The highest tensile strength mean values were obtained with silver soldering (532 N), next were laser (420 N), spot (301 N) and TIG (296 N) welding. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups; the Dunn post-hoc test revealed differences between laser and spot welding ( p=0.046), laser and TIG ( p = 0.016), spot and silver ( p <0.001), and silver and TIG ( p <0.001).

Conclusion:

Laser welding strength is high, and comparable to silver welding. Spot and TIG techniques present comparable and significantly lower strengths. The four methods presented resistance values compatible with orthodontic use. The microstructural morphology is different for each technique. The association between the mechanical performance and the microstructure evaluation shows that laser presented the highest quality joint.