bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Diagnostics of Listeria Monocytogenes: A Human Pathogen
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Singh Pooja
Published: May 2022

Listeria monocytogenes, Gram positive bacteria, rod-shaped, intracellular, opportunistic, invasive food borne bacterium, which is ubiquitous in nature. Soil, vegetation, sewage, water, and fecal materials are its primary source through which it reaches to our food system. It is one of the leading food borne bacteria which is pathogenic, causing Listeriosis in immunodeficient children, adult, pregnant women, central nervous system infection, bacteremia, and other clinical manifestation. Bacterium has arsenal of virulence factors Listeriolysin, phospholipases, internalins and Act A protein which help to enter, invade and infect the host cell, escape from autophagy and promote cell to cell spread. It can withstand diverse environmental parameters, that is, low temperatures, pH, osmotic and oxidative stress. Bacterium is deadly to humans and is food borne, causing economic losses and is a threat to food industry. Present review gives an overview of bacterial characteristics, etiology, isolation, distribution and pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes.
A Study to Assess the Perception Level of General Population Regarding Preventive Healthcare, with Special Reference to Vadodara District
Authors: Chatterjee Subhasish , Manwani Ritu , Banerjee Ranjita , Sharma Rahul
Published: May 2022

Introduction to Preventive Health Care: The goal of preventative care is to lower disease burden and risk factors. To slow down the ageing process, preventive measures can be used at any stage of life or disease. Chronic diseases are generally known to be the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. As part of community health, preventative care is promoted, which includes clinical and screening services. One method for reducing consumption and improving health is to identify and prevent downstream concerns. Research Objectives: The researchers attempted to determine the general public’s perception of preventative healthcare, with a focus on Vadodara district. The study also assessed the people’s perception level towards preventive healthcare with reference to the Vadodara district. Research Methodology and Research Design: The present study is a cross-sectional survey. The respondents were determined via convenience sampling, utilizing the non-probability component, based on the sample size, from Vadodara District. Results and Findings: The study concluded that some people believe preventive healthcare to be vital, yet they do nothing about it. Only 41.1% of the respondents had health insurance, and the rest do not have any health insurance coverage. Respondents’ age and gender had no bearing on their perception level. Scope of Future Study: All of the characteristics used to determine the population’s perception level have been shown to be useful and can be used in future research. Acknowledgement: My thanks and appreciation goes to my co-authors in developing the academic research project.
Work to Life Balance Concern among Employees Working in a Medical College and Hospital
Authors: Ganguly Avishek , Ghosh Anik , Das Subham , Sarkar Niloy
Published: May 2022

Work to life balance (WLB) is a much discussed topic in the health-care business right now. Employees strive to achieve success and advancement at work while also making time for family and enjoyment. Employee burnout is caused by not balancing these two extremes, thus employers have recognized this as a pressing issue and seek to implement work to life balance strategies, programs, and policies to boost employee morale, motivation, and productivity are all factors to consider. WLB does not imply sacrificing corporate productivity to meet personal obligations. In reality, it is to work productively while also improving one’s personal life. Employee retention is achieved through WLB practices. This article explains the various alternatives available to organizations and employees when it comes to tying WLB policies to organizational and personal success. With IQ City Medical College and Hospital, Durgapur as a case study, this study aims to uncover WLB difficulties in the health sector and the effort the organization has made to maintain the WLB of its personnel.
Role of TMS in Improving the Nerve Functions in Radial, Median, and Ulnar Neuritis Among Patients with Leprosy: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Singh Anshika , Raghav Sumit , Mani Suresh
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The overall aim of this RCT is to evaluate the role of Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) as a new treatment approach in physiotherapy-based rehabilitation in leprosy patients. More specifically, the primary objective of this study is to study the effect of TMS in leprosy patients with median, radial, and/or ulnar neuritis from <6 months. The secondary objective is to establish TMS as a therapeutic tool to treat leprosy patients effectively. Methods: Study Population - 98 diagnosed leprosy patients with ulnar, median, and or radial nerve function impartment for <6 months duration attending the out-patient department in CSSH Subharti Hospital, Meerut. We will include clinically diagnosed leprosy patients with median, radial, and/or ulnar neuritis from <6 months. Intervention - For Group A, TMS mapping of four hand target muscles will be performed In this group, each participant will receive ten treatment sessions of 30 min with high frequency 5-Hz TMS for 2 weeks. Along with TMS, home exercise program including standard exercises will be given. For group B, only home exercise program including standard will be given. Outcome Measures - To measure the outcomes of the study, the tools used will be electromyography, nerve conduction velocity, brain derived neurotrophic factor, manual muscle testing, monofilament sensory testing, and hand dynamometry. Statistical Analysis - F test and repeated-measures ANOVA between the factors will be used for the testing of this randomized control trial study. Discussion: It was believed that the leprosy only affects the peripheral nerves without affecting the brain but recent studies showed that brain plasticity can also occur following amputation, nerve damage, or injury. It is proved in various studies stated that the damage caused by leprosy is not limited to peripheral nerve only and is the evidence for brain plasticity. It is stated in many studies that, TMS can also be used as a neuro-modulatory tool and the application of TMS leads to improved motor performance and it also induces evident changes in connectivity in the interconnected regions of the brain but no literature evidence is available on the role of TMS in leprosy. Conclusion: In our study, we will try to fill this knowledge gap on the role of TMS as a therapeutic tool in patients with leprosy.
Effect of Food-based Approach with Spirulina on Blood Glucose Profile of Non-insulin Dependent Diabetics
Authors: M Sowjanya , K Manjula
Published: May 2022

A sample of 90 diabetic subjects (40–60 years) were selected from diabetic hospitals Tirupati and divided equally into three groups, namely, experimental group-1 (EG1), EG2, and control group (CG). Spirulina supplementation was given daily in the form of snack bar and capsules to EG1 and EG2, respectively, for a period of 3 months and CG was not given any supplementation. The impact of spirulina supplementation was studied on blood glucose profile of subjects before and after the study. It was observed in the present study that the mean fasting, postprandial blood glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1C were decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in Group EG1 and EG2 from pre- to post-intervention period. Non-significant change was observed of the subjects of CG. Hence, it is suggested that 2 g of spirulina supplementation as food-based approach can prove to be effective in management of diabetes.
Phytochemical Screening and In vivo Antileukemic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Seeds of Nigella Sativa L. on Benzene-Induced Leukemia in Wistar Rats
Authors: Imaduddin M. D. , Saba N. , Eman A. B. , Saba K. , Kashfiya A.
Published: May 2022

Nigella sativa is exquisite bounty of nature to humankind. It is an annual flowering plant of family Ranunculaceae majorly found in Southwest Asia, seeds are used as flavor food. The present work was directed to evaluate antileukemic effect of N. sativa seeds extract in benzene-induced leukemia in female Wistar rats. Seed powder was extracted using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. OECD guidelines 423 were used to study acute oral toxicity study and intravenous injection of benzene was given on every 2nd day up to 21 days to induce leukemia. To assess burden of leukemia, various parameters analyzed are body weight (B.W), organ weight, complete blood picture, serum potassium, phosphate, uric acid, and glutathione. The presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, and flavonoids is confirmed by phytochemical screening. Acute oral toxicity study found 2000 mg/kg as a safe dose of N. sativa seed extract. Significant decrease in potassium, phosphate, uric acid, WBC, and increase in B.W, glutathione demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of extract in leukemia. Our results confirmed significant antileukemic effect of N. sativa seed extract, suggesting role of this herb for the treatment of malignancies such as leukemia.
To Evaluate In Vitro Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Various Indian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Singh Shivani , Sapra Ashu , Kakkar Saloni , Bhan Meenu , Jangra Ashwani Kumar
Published: May 2022

Medicinal herbs are active in curing various disorders by their distinct characteristics. In this research, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChEI) inhibitory activity of Achyranthes aspera, Psidium guajava, Anthocephalus cadamba, Carissa carandas, Caesalpinia bonduc, Indian medicinal plants have been evaluated by collecting and extracting selected plants parts by using different solvents followed by assessment of AChEI inhibitory activity by autographic assay (TLC method) and microplate assay (Ellman method). Further assessment of antioxidant activity of selected plants by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryzyl method was done. In autographic assay, C. bonduc had more AChE inhibitory potential than other selected plants. In microplate assay method, C. bonduc has shown lowest IC50 value among all other extracts, suggesting its highest enzymatic inhibitory potential and C. carandas has been shown highest IC50 value, suggesting a lower enzymatic inhibitory potential. The Rf value of C. bonduc, A. aspera, P. guajava, A. cadamba, and C. carandas was found to be 0.71, 0.5, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.2, respectively. From the results, leaves of P. guajava showed good antioxidant potential and C. bonduc seeds showed maximum cholinesterase inhibitory activity.
Fermionic Gaussian states: an introduction to numerical approaches
Authors: Surace Jacopo , Tagliacozzo Luca
Published: May 2022

This document is meant to be a practical introduction to the analytical and numerical manipulation of fermionic Gaussian systems.
Starting from the basics, we move to relevant modern results and techniques, presenting numerical examples and studying relevant Hamiltonians, such as the transverse field Ising Hamiltonian, in detail. We finish introducing novel algorithms connecting fermionic Guassian states with matrix product states techniques.
All the numerical examples make use of the free Julia package F_utilities.
Innovative technologies in the treatment of short bowel syndrome
Authors: Kostyuchenko L. N. , Leontiev A. V. , Kostyuchenko M. V. , Lychkova A. E. , Vasina T. A. , Puzin M. N.
Published: May 2022

Introdiction. In recent years, many new technologies for the management of patients with short bowel syndrom (SBS), including SBS-IF (short bowel syndrom with intestinal failor), have appeared. The implemented surgical techniques are aimed at slowing down the progress of intestinal contents (antiperistaltic inserts, the creation of artificial valves in the small intestine, loops or pockets from the small intestine, etc.); surgical elongation of the small intestine (the most common STEP, Bianchy technique); intestinal transplantation. At the same time, when the intestine is shortened to 1.5–2,0 m, the adaptive rearrangements are still able to provide (albeit suppressed), but partially preserved absorption processes (in 80% of cases, the surface of the intestine is sufficient for slow transport of nutrients from the intestine to the blood). Therefore, it is important to increase the efficiency of adaptive rearrangements in any conservative way shown.

Аim. Тo evaluate the role of hormonal stimulation of adaptive rearrangements in the residual bowel stump.

Materials and methods. Рarameters of the well-known alimentary-volemic diagnosis, assessment of adaptive changes in the gastrointestinal tract (performed by determining citruline and GLP-2, as well as by morphological method). To stimulate the regulation of adaptive processes, a hormone preparation GLP-2 (teduglutide) was used in the nutritional support program.

Results. It was shown that the length of the intestinal stump up to 1.5–2.0 m allows for digestive and transport processes due to adaptive rearrangements of the intestinal epithelium. With a super-short intestine, it is advisable to choose surgical methods of correction.

Conclusion. For conservative correction of adaptive processes in the intestine, it is advisable to use a GLP-2 hormone preparation, in particular, teduglutide.
Clinical and sonographic parallels of gastroesophageal reflux disease and comorbid gastrointestinal pathology
Authors: Gorban V. V. , Matveeva E. V. , Gorban E. V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The growth of gastrointestinal diseases associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) dictates the need to develop methodological approaches for early outpatient diagnosis of comorbid gastrointestinal conditions using generally available methods, including transabdominal ultrasound (USR).

Aim. To determine significant sonographic parameters of colon lesions in patients with polymorbid GERD, associated with clinical and metabolic concomitant changes, in order to improve transsyndromic diagnosis at an outpatient appointment.

Materials and methods. The study included 150  outpatients  with  GERD  (60  men  and  90  women)  with  an  average  age of 40.2 ± 3.1 years old. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory examination, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, ultrasound of the gastrointestinal tract with the calculation of the volume of gastroesophageal (GE) refluctate.

Results  and discussion. In patients with GERD, the criteria reflecting the pathological conditions  of the colon  according  to  the data of colonoscopy and ultrasound had a direct correlation. Statistically significant relationships between ultrasound signs of lesions of various segments of the colon with gender, age of patients, body mass index, erosive reflex disease and the volume of GE refluctate, as well as with lactase and vitamin D deficiency, the presence of yeast-like fungi and an increase in the level of fecal calprotectin are shown.

Conclusions. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of diagnosing morphofunctional disorders of the colon in GERD patients with comorbid gastrointestinal pathology, associated not only with the main, but also with concomitant diseases by the ultrasound technique at the place of medical care. Tuning of gastrointestinal sonography, aimed at the immediate integration of ultrasound images into the patient management plan, involves the expansion of transsyndromic diagnostics and the substantiation of therapeutic tactic at an outpatient appointment.
Prognostic and diagnostic value of the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes of patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver
Authors: Sarkarova M. R. , Maevskaya M. V.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the  review is to  analyze  the  data  of  the  latest  scientific studies  assessing  the  diagnostic and  predictive  value of the indicator of the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Patients with non-alcoholic  fatty  liver  disease  (NAFLD)  have  the  increased  ratio  of  neutrophils  to  lymphocytes  correlated with the severity of fibrosis and the activity of the disease, and also made it possible to differentiate patients with steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NLR of patients with liver cirrhosis has shown its prognostic significance in the development  of death, comparable to the MELD and Child – Pugh scales, and in some studies even surpassed them. Contradictory data have been obtained regarding its predictive value at risk of infectious complications in this category of patients. In patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), an increased value of NLR was associated with the activity of the disease. NLR serves as a predictor of death and a more severe course of acute pancreatitis. In patients with acute appendicitis, NLR has shown its diagnostic significance in identifying its severe forms. NLR has also shown its prognostic value in the development of death among patients with gastrointestinal cancer. NLR serves as a marker of systemic inflammation, which can be calculated using the parameters of the simple clinical bloode test, which is available in everyday clinical practice. The value of NLR is due to its non-invasiveness and low cost. The analysis of the literature showed its predictive and diagnostic value in certain diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver.  The higher the indicator under study, the worse the prognosis of the disease and/or life of the patient. However, there is no consensus on the gradation of NLR and cut-off levels fluctuate in various studies, and their results are often contradictory. Also, most studies are retrospective, so it is necessary to conduct major prospective studies in this direction.
Debating capabilities of biochemical markers of liver function in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Ikonnikova K. A. , Eroshchenko N. N. , Drozdov V. N. , Shikh E. V. , Serebrova S. Yu.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The diagnosis of alcohol-related liver disease is limited by the lack of a tool to reliably identify whether the present deterioration in the patient’s condition is due to alcohol consumption or other causes.

Purpose. to conduct a comparative assessment of the clinical and diagnostic significance of liver function biochemical indicators (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP) and their calculated derivatives (AST/ALT, GGT/ALP, GGT/GGTn, ALP/ALPn) as markers of alcohol consumption in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Material and methods. The observational study included 112 men over 18 years of age with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis. The patients were assessed the severity of liver cirrhosis according to the Child-Pugh scale, performed general and biochemical blood tests, coagulation test, assessment of the fact of alcohol consumption by the level of phosphatidylethanol. An analysis was made of the relationship between alcohol consumption and changes in laboratory parameters of liver function, with the determination of their sensitivity and specificity.

Results. Patients with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis who consumed alcohol on phosphatidylethanol had higher levels of plasma albumin, GGT, and lower values of creatinine, direct and total bilirubin, urea, and aPTT compared with patients who did not drink alcohol (p < 0.05). Alcohol-drinking patients with class C cirrhosis have higher ALT levels compared with abstinent patients with the same severity of cirrhosis (p < 0.05). The relationship between the fact of alcohol consumption, determined by the level of phosphatidylethanol, and the ratio of GGT of patients to the normal GGT value, as well as between the ratio of GGT to alkaline phosphatase and the degree of increase in GGT, turned out to be statistically significant. To assess the fact of alcohol consumption, the level of serum GGT > 65 IU/ l (75.5%) has the highest sensitivity, the highest specificity is the ratio of the patient’s GGT to the normal value of GGT > 2 (82.9%).

Conclusion. Compared with the known 100% sensitivity and > 92% specificity of Peth as a alcohol biomarker, among the biochemical indicators of liver function and their calculated derivatives, GGT > 65 IU/l have the greatest sensitivity or specificity (respectively, 75.5% and 65%) and GGTnorm. > 2 (37.7% and 82.9%, respectively), which makes it possible to use the totality of these parameters as an indicator of the continued impact on the patient of the main etiological factor of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis in the routine practice of most medical organizations of the Russian Federation.
Aspects of management of patients with cholelithiasis: clinical example
Authors: Pakhomova I. G. , Varlamova N. N.
Published: May 2022

Gallstone disease (GSD) is currently one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially among people of working age, and has a clear tendency to increase and expand the age range towards rejuvenation. To date, the possible links in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis have been well studied and described, risk factors and clinical manifestations have been studied and described, among which the asymptomatic course of cholelithiasis, which is often noted at the first latent stage of the disease, is important. It is at this stage that preventive conservative treatment allows most patients to avoid stone formation. However, after ascertaining biliary sludge, therapeutic correction is not carried out. Among the drugs used as oral litholytic therapy, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used, which is effective for predominantly cholesterol (X-ray negative) calculi up to 15–18 mm in size or biliary sludge in the form of putty bile. It is known that UDCA changes the ratio of cholesterol/bile acids in bile, which contributes to the mobilization of cholesterol from gallstones and cause their partial or complete dissolution, and prevent the formation of new calculi. At the same time, the use of oral litholytic therapy is also possible at stage 2 of cholelithiasis with asymptomatic or rare attacks of biliary colic, the absence  of violations of the patency of the extrahepatic bile ducts, and also if        the patient does not agree to cholecystectomy in order to stabilize the process of stone formation. This article presents a review of the literature on the etiopathogenetic, clinical features of cholelithiasis, as well as the treatment of cholelithiasis, primarily with an emphasis on the prevention of this disease. An analysis of a clinical case is given with a discussion of rational pharmacocorrection in cholelithiasis.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics and frequency of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C of the first and third genotypes
Authors: Cherepnin M. A. , Tsukanov V. V. , Savchenko A. A. , Vasyutin A. V. , Kasparov E. V. , Tonkikh J. L. , Borisov A. G.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. There is a discussion about which genotype of viral hepatitis C (HCV) is the most aggressive. Some authors consider that the 1st genotype is  the  most  aggressive, others  define  the  3rd  HCV genotype  as  a  factor  that  determines the high activity of the pathological process. The solution of this issue is important for optimizing the tactics of patient management.

Aim. To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics and the incidence of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C of the first and third genotypes.

Materials and methods. 297 patients with genotype 1 of HCV and 231 patients with genotype 3 of HCV were examined.     The diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis C was established according to the recommendations of the European Association    for the Study of the Liver (2016, 2018). Liver fibrosis was studied by shear wave transient elastometry with METAVIR score.

Results and discussion. The frequency of elevated ALT in the blood prevailed in patients with HCV genotype 3 compared with persons with HCV genotype 1 (90.5% vs. 82.8%, p = 0.02). ALT levels above 3 norms were registered in 29.0% of patients with genotype 3 and in 16.8% patients with HCV genotype 1 (p = 0.001). The frequency of liver fibrosis F2 according to METAVIR was 11.8% in patients with genotype 1 and 21.2% in patients with genotype 3 of HCV (p = 0.005); the frequency of liver fibrosis F3–F4 according to METAVIR  was 20.5% in patients with genotype 1 and 32.5% in patients with genotype 3 of HCV (p = 0.003). The combination of high viral load and high inflammatory activity, which was associated with liver fibrosis F3–F4 according to METAVIR  in both compared groups, was determined in 16.9% of patients with genotype 3 and only in 10.4% of patients with genotype 1 of HCV (p = 0.04).

Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to consider that in the surveyed population the course of chronic viral hepatitis C with genotype 3 is clearly more aggressive than in persons with genotype 1 of HCV.
PGN-LM Model and Forcing-Seq2Seq Model: Multiple Automatic Models of Title Generation for Natural Text using Deep Learning
Authors: Nhan To Thanh , Thuan Nguyen Thi Hiep , Tho Quan Thanh
Published: May 2022

In the current era, the amount of information from the Internet in general and the electronic press in particular has increased rapidly and has extremely useful information value in all aspects of life, many popular users have posted several high-quality writings as casual blogs, notes or reviews. Some of them are even selected by editors to be published in professional venues. However, the original posts often come without titles, which are needed to be manually added by the editing teams. This task would be done automatically, with the recent advancement of AI techniques, especially deep learning. Even though auto-title can be considered as a specific case of text summarization, this job poses some major different requirements. Basically, a title is generally short but it needs to capture major content while still maintaining the writing style of the original document. To fulfill those constraints, we introduce PGN-LM Model, an architecture evolved from the Pointer Generator Network, with the ability to solve Out-of-Vocabulary problems that traditional Seq2Seq models cannot handle, and at the same time combined with language modeling techniques. In addition, we also introduce a model called Forcing-Seq2Seq Model, an enhanced Seq2Seq architecture, in which the classical TF-IDF scores are incorporated with Named Entity Recognition method to identify the major keywords of the original texts. To enforce the appearance of those keywords in the generated titles, the specific Teacher Forcing mechanism combined with the language model technique are employed. We have tested our approaches with real datasets and obtained promising initial results, on both metrics of machine and human perspectives.
Comparing the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of phosphate adsorption on various waste shells as adsorbent
Authors: Abdullah Noorul Hudai , Adnan Nur Amirah , Mohd Rashidi Nur Fatin Nadiah , Yaacob Mohamad Syahrul Syazwan , Abdul Salim Nur Atikah
Published: May 2022

Excess phosphate in water bodies causes algae bloom and this phenomenon can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, resulting in the death of aquatic life. The major focus of this study is to prepare adsorbent from three waste shells for phosphate adsorption from aqueous solution and to compare their effectiveness. This study used adsorbents made from marsh clamshells, waste mussel shells, and eggshells. PO43– adsorption by these shells was analysed using several parameter values, with an initial PO43− concentration of 10 mg L−1, solution volume of 100 mL, adsorbent dosage of 2 g, and various contact times. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the batch experimental data better as evidenced by the R2 values for raw marsh clamshell (0.9991), calcined waste mussel shell (0.9999), and calcined eggshell (0.9997), indicating that the adsorption between the various adsorbents and PO43− is a chemisorption process. Calcined eggshell showed the best PO43− removal efficiency (99%), followed by calcined waste mussel shell (96%), and raw marsh clamshell (73%). The application of waste material to adsorb phosphate from aqueous solution shows the potential of a new adsorbents for use in real adsorption wastewater treatment technologies.
Rectal Administration of Celecoxib Liquid Suppositories with Enhanced
Bioavailability and Safety in Rats
Authors: Xie Shijing , Jiao Yan , Baseer Abdul , Ud-din Fakhar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Celecoxib is generally used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, however
its poor bioavailability and cytotoxicity in pure form have reduced its therapeutic efficacy. This study
aims to develop celecoxib liquid suppositories with improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity.

Methods:

The celecoxib liquid suppositories were prepared by thoroughly mixing celecoxib, poloxamer
188 and poloxamer 407, and tween-20, respectively used as drug, polymers and surfactant, in triple
distilled water using cold technique. The developed liquid suppositories were characterized in terms of
their gelation temperature, gelation time, and gel strength. Moreover, the muco-adhesive force was
determined for the suppositories. The release behavior of the liquid suppositories was investigated in
distilled water and compared with drug suspension. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics and morphological
studies were carried out in rats after rectal administration of the celecoxib liquid suppository compared
with drug suspension.

Results:

Poloxamer 188 and Tween-20 concentrations have significantly reduced the gelation temperature
and time; however, the gel strength and bio-adhesive force were significantly enhanced. The concentration
of celecoxib has no significant effect on the properties of liquid suppositories. A significantly
enhanced and potentially sustained drug release was observed from the celecoxib liquid suppositories as
compared with the drug suspension. The optimized formulation was easy to administer rectally because
it quickly forms gel upon insertion into the body due to a suitable gelation temperature of about
31.7 °C. After rectal administration in rats, the celecoxib liquid suppository gave a significantly increased
pharmacokinetic profile including enhanced plasma concentration and 9.7 fold improved area
under the curve (AUC) compared to the drug suspension. Additionally, the morphology study exhibited
no toxicity to the rectal tissue, no signs of irritation, or injury after the application of suppository. However,
severe rectal tissue toxicity and irritation was observed in the suspension treated rectum.

Conclusions:

It can be concluded that the liquid suppository system may significantly enhance the solubilization
and bio-availability of sparingly water-soluble drugs as evident in the case of celecoxib with
no toxicity at the site of application.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Properties and Antioxidant
Effects of Plants and their Bioactive Compounds as Cardioprotective
Agent
Authors: Qidwai Tabish , Prasad Sonal
Published: May 2022

Background:

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is being increased; researchers are
trying to explore effective preventive and treatment options. Antioxidant effects and AngiotensinConverting
Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors demonstrated cardioprotective effects. Many herbs and plants have shown antiinflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and ACE inhibition properties in preventing and treating cardiac-related disorders. Therefore, the exploration of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols,
flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol, isoflavones, and catechin needs to be explored as potential ACE inhibitors and antioxidants in preventing and treating cardiac-related diseases

Objective:

The present study is designed to investigate the cardio-protective potential of important bioactive compounds from plants and herbs.

Methods:

Articles were collected from electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of
Science, and Science Direct, using the keywords antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ACE inhibition and antihypertensive properties of plants and herbs. In vitro and in vivo studies on animal models have been included in the current study. Articles published in languages other than the English language were excluded, and finally, 100 manuscripts were included in this study.

Results:

Plants and herbs chosen for this study with abundant natural bioactive compounds have demonstrated ACE inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive properties and can be an
effective cardioprotective. Hence, it could pave the way for the development of new therapeutics that
could be beneficial in treating cardiovascular diseases

Conclusion:

The current review focuses on herbs and plants possessing ACE inhibition, antioxidant, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, hyperaccumulating and anti-hypertensive properties with their ability to
prevent the breakdown of ACE I enzyme into ACE enzyme II, acting as ACE inhibitors and showing its
strong potential as a cardioprotective agent. Also, it could support the development of new therapeutic
agents to address cardiovascular problems.
Treatment with Cannabidiol Results in an Antioxidant and Cardioprotective
Effect in Several Pathophysiologies
Authors: do Vale Gabriel T. , Oliveira Natasha M.C. , Machado Dayane A. , da Silva Thauann L.
Published: May 2022

Cannabis sativa has chemically active compounds called cannabinoids, where Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) are the main ones responsible for the various pharmacological effects. The endocannabinoid system is an endogenous system considered a unique and widespread homeostatic physiological regulator. It is made up of type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors. CBD, in turn, has low affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, and regulates the effects arising from THC as a CB1 partial agonist, which are tachycardia, anxiety and sedation. It also acts as a CB2 inverse agonist, resulting in anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, its anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antiemetic, anxiolytic, anticancer and antioxidant effects seem to be linked to other discovered receptors such as GRP55, 5TH1a, TRPV I, TRPV II and the regulation of the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. Regarding oxidative stress, O2- can act as an oxidizing agent, being reduced to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or as a reducing agent, donating its extra electron to NO to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). The ONOO- formed is capable of oxidizing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, causing several cell damages. In this sense, CBD can prevent cardiac oxidative damage in many conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, or even through the cardiotoxic effects induced by chemotherapy, which makes it a potential target for future clinical use to minimize the deleterious effects of many pathophysiologies.
Preparation of Bismuth Tungstate/Preoxidized Acrylonitrile/Acrylic Acid
Copolymer Composite Nanofiber Membrane and Its Photocatalytic
Properties
Authors: Fang Yinchun , Liu Xinhua , Li Hongzhang , Liu Yanchun
Published: May 2022

Background:

In this paper, a novel bismuth tungstate/preoxidized acrylonitrile/acrylic acid
(AN/AA) copolymer composite nanofiber membrane was prepared, which was used as the visible light
catalyst.

Methods:

AN/AA copolymer was synthesized, which was electrospun with bismuth nitrate and sodium
tungstate to prepare the composite nanofiber. Then the composite nanofiber was preoxidized to prepare
the bismuth tungstate/preoxidized AN/AA composite nanofiber membrane containing adsorption moiety
and photocatalytic active moiety.

Results:

The photocatalytic activity of bismuth tungstate/preoxidized AN/AA composite nanofiber
membrane with different preoxidized temperature, heating rate, and holding time by catalytic degradation
of methylene blue was investigated. The optimal preoxidized conditions were as follows: the preoxidized
temperature was heated to 200 °C with the heating rate of 1°C/min and the holding time at
this temperature was 12 h. The chemical structure and morphology of the composite nanofiber membrane
were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM.

Conclusions:

The bismuth tungstate/preoxidized AN/AA composite nanofiber membrane obtained good
photocatalytic properties and reusability under visible light. The degradation rate of methylene blue by
this visible light catalyst could reach 90.24% for 4.5 h, and the degradation rate remained 81.53% for
4.5 h after 5 reuses.
Deep Image Segmentation Using a Morphological Edge Operator
Authors: Zhang Mei , Xu Bin , Wen Jinghua
Published: May 2022

Background:

Segmentation of deep images is a difficult, persistent problem in the
computer vision field. This paper aimed to address the defects of traditional segmentation
methods with deep images, presenting a deep image segmentation algorithm based on a
morphological edge operator.

Methods:

Deep image edge features were first extracted using three traditional edge operators;
the edge and tip type jump edges were then extracted via a morphological edge operator, which
was used to make the boundary connection; finally, to obtain more accurate segmentation results,
skeletonizing was used to refine the image.

Results:

Compared with traditional segmentation algorithms, the improved algorithm obtained
smooth and continuous boundaries, protected edge information from blurring, and was slightly
more efficient. When Mickey Mouse depth images were used as experimental subjects, the
computational time was reduced by 12.62 seconds; when rabbit depth images were used,
computational time was reduced by 17.53 seconds.

Conclusion:

Morphological edge operator algorithm proposed in this paper is much more
effective than traditional edge detection operators algorithms for deep image segmentation; it can
clearly divide Mickey Mouse's ears, eyes, pupils, nose, and mouth.
Error detection and correction in one mBnB class code
Authors: Nanobashvili Viktor , Abuladze Vakhtang , Sekhniashvili Dimitri
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the issues of error detection and correction in the second order bi-pulse code. The analysis of the code generation algorithm is carried out, based on which it is shown that the code has 4 allowed four-bit combinations. The article considers own resources of a code which allow detecting and correcting both single errors and packets of errors. It is shown that errors are detected with probability of 1 when one, two and three bits of the code combination are distorted, while the probability of their correction does not exceed 0.5, in the case of distortion of all four symbols, both detection and correction of errors is impossible. To increase the probability of error correction, it is proposed to use a well-known method based on determining the parity or oddness of the allowed combinations in separate fragments of a linear signal, a brief description of the method is given, its analysis is carried out in relation to this code. It is shown that the use of this method makes it possible to correct all single, paired and three-time errors, as well as to detect all four-time errors, on the basis of which it can be concluded that it significantly improves the correcting properties of the signal under consideration.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRICES AND MARKET INTEGRATION OF RED CHILLIES (Capsicum annuum L.) IN MALANG REGENCY, MALANG CITY, AND SURABAYA CITY
Authors: Ridayati R , Sujarwo S , Fahriyah F
Published: May 2022

Red chilli (Capsicum annumm L.) is a commodity with high price fluctuations. Market participants use red chilli price fluctuations to manipulate price information and cause information asymmetry. So that, the price information is not transmitted properly and indicates the market is not integrated. This study aims to describe price developments and analyze the integration of the red chilli market in Malang Regency, Malang City, and Surabaya City. The analytical method used is descriptive statistics, Johansen cointegration, and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results showed that the price of red chilli fluctuated. Red chilli price fluctuations occur because production is seasonal, causing the distribution of chillies to be uneven every month. Therefore, efforts are needed to regulate cropping patterns so that the supply of chilli is always available. The results of market integration show that all variables are cointegrated in the long run and not integrated into the short run. This indicates that price information is transmitted imperfectly. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the information system so that all market participants can access market information.
Наноструктурированные композиции на основе полимерных лакокрасочных материалов и экологически безопасных биоцидов
Authors: Суханова Т.Е. , Косовских А.И. , Вылегжанина М.Э. , Белов Ю.П. , Лебедев Н.В.
Published: May 2022

Composite coatings containing iodine- and bromine-containing compounds as biocides have been obtained on the basis of industrial paintwork materials. A number of composite coatings containing biocides - Nitroxynil, Ioxynil and 2,5-dibrom-4-nitrophenol, have been analyzed using a modified technique for assessing biological activity and toxicity for determining the survival rate of Artemia salina crustaceans. It was found that the compositions on the basis of paintwork materials with Nitroxynil show the greatest bioactivity. AFM study of the surface morphology of the developed coatings showed that the introduction of biocides leads to coating structuring at the nanolevel, with the strength of nanostructured coatings on impact decreases by 2-3 times, however, these values are 2 times higher than those of the reference sample - an industrial copper-containing antifouling paint. The obtained results can be used for further development of environmentally safe protective and antifouling polymer coatings and paintwork materials.
Применение ЭПР спектроскопии для исследования содержания NO и меди в лобных долях, гиппокампе и печени крыс после ишемии мозга
Authors: Гайнутдинов Х.Л. , Кульчицкий В.А. , Андрианов В.В. , Яфарова Г.Г. , Токальчик Ю.П. , Замаро А.С. , Базан Л.В. , Богодвид Т.Х. , Июдин В.С. , Пашкевич С.Г. , Досина М.О.
Published: May 2022

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to record the content of nitric oxide (NO) and copper in brain tissues (frontal lobes and hippocampus) and liver of healthy rats and rats after ischemia modeling. Ischemia was simulated by ligation of the carotid arteries, followed by taking 3 ml of blood from the common carotid artery. Signals from triple complexes (DETC) were recorded by EPR spectroscopy of complexes (DETC)2-Fe2+-NO and Cu(DETC)2. Based on direct measurements by EPR spectroscopy, it was shown that a day after the modeling of ischemia, NO production in the hippocampus decreases by an average of 30% and there is a tendency to decrease NO in the frontal lobes and liver. The copper content decreased by an average of 3 times in the frontal lobes and the hippocampus by an average of 20% a day after ischemia modeling, and a tendency to decrease was noted in the liver. Thus, brain hypoxia is accompanied not only by a decrease in NO production, but also by signs of weakening of the antioxidant system in the hippocampus and frontal lobes, which further worsens the functional state of the homeostasis system.
Физика и физиология вентиляционно-перфузионного сопряжения: обоснование и начальный опыт выбора конечно-экспираторного давления при механической вентиляции легких
Authors: Овсянников Р.Ю. , Громова Т.А. , Молошнева В.А. , Коваленко А.Н. , Лебединский К.М.
Published: May 2022

Alveolar gas flow competition with pulmonary capillary blood flow for restricted space within lungs during mechanical ventilation, which is well known in respiratory physiology but neglected in everyday clinical practice, is thoroughly discussed in the paper. Anatomical and physiological conditions of oxygen and carbon dioxide counter-diffusion through alveolar-capillary barrier and the role of ventilation-perfusion relationship are described, and the possibility of blood flow displacement from opened alveoli with high pressure inside to poorly ventilated compartments of low intra-alveolar pressures is demonstrated. Commercially available metabolographic and real-time gas analysis monitors from different manufacturers were used for optimal PEEP adjustment by means of pulmonary VO2 and VCO2 shifts comparison, influence of patient volaemic status on the physiologic possibility of alveolar recruitment is discussed. Limitations of modern approach to the mechanical lung ventilation aimed at maximal lung opening in underlined and refuted with consideration on effective diffusion surface changes. Inefficacy of mechanical ventilation is especially obvious when acute respiratory failure follows ventilation-perfusion mismatch, like it appears in COVID-19. Partially it can explain discouraging mechanical ventilation outcomes during current pandemic.
Эпигенетика и конструирование прорывных по урожаю сортов растений
Authors: Драгавцев В.А.
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the discovery of a new epigenetic phenomenon (during the implementation of the DIAS program) - a change in the spectrum (set) of gene products under the trait of productivity when the limiting environmental factor changes - a theory of ecological-genetic organization of a quantitative trait was created and developed, from which 20 new biological, quantitatively predictable, consequences, 10 know-how and 16 innovative technologies for designing breakthrough plant varieties. With the use of these technologies, 4 varieties of grain crops have been created, giving a high economic effect. The physical instruments and equipment necessary for more efficient creation of new productive varieties are described. Key words: plant breeding, epigenetics, theory of ecological-genetic organization of quantitative traits, phytotron for breeding.
Особенности влияния спектра излучения на продуктивность и биохимический состав тестовых плодовых и листовых овощных культур
Authors: Кулешова Т.Э. , Удалова О.Р. , Балашова И.Т. , Аникина Л.М. , Конончук П.Ю. , Мирская Г.В. , Дубовицкая В.И. , Вертебный В.Е. , Хомяков Ю.В. , Панова Г.Г.
Published: May 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the photosynthetically active radiation spectral characteristics influence on the productivity and quality of lettuce and dwarf tomato adapted for protected ground. High pressure sodium lamps and LEDs emitting yellow light, pink light and close to sunlight spectrum were used as test options for plant illumination. Vegetable crops were grown under controlled conditions of intensive lightculture by thin-layer panoponics; the same irradiance was achieved in all variants. Using a light source simulating sunlight with a photosynthetic photon flux of 76 μmol·m-2·s-1 in the 400-500 nm range, 130 μmol·m-2·s-1 in 500-600 nm and 133 μmol·m-2·s-1 at 600-700 nm made it possible to obtain an increase in productivity by 10% for lettuce and by 23% for tomato, and also led to an increase in the content of magnesium and iron in lettuce leaves and a higher content of carbohydrates, vitamin C, crude ash in tomato fruits compared to standard sodium lamps.