bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature on the Fibre Matrix Interfacial Shear Strength of Carbon Nanotube Grafted Carbon Fibre Reinforced Heat Resistant Resin
Authors: Tanaka Kazuto , Kugimoto Daiki , Katayama Tsutao
Published: December 2019

Transportation sector is required to reduce CO2 emissions as environmental problems are becoming more serious. Carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) are expected to be applied to the structural parts of automobiles and aircrafts because of their superior mechanical properties such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness and high recyclability. One of the problems in using CFRTP for the structural parts is heat resistance, and it is necessary to clarify the mechanical properties under their service environmental temperature. The tensile strength of CFRTP at high temperatures decreases with temperature rise. The fibre matrix interfacial shear strength is reported to be improved by grafting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of carbon fibre. In this study, in order to clarify the effects of temperature on the fibre matrix interfacial shear strength of CNTs grafted carbon fibre reinforced PPS resin, single fibre pull-out test was conducted. While the interfacial shear strength of CNT grafted-CF/PPS is higher than that of As-received-CF/PPS at 25 °C, no significant difference was found in the interfacial shear strength of As-received-CF/PPS and CNT grafted-CF/PPS at 80 °C.
Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Fibre Sandwich Panels with Posidonia Core
Authors: Sellitto Andrea , Iodice Vincenzo , Zampini Giuseppe , Zarrelli Mauro , Riccio Aniello , Sansone Raffaele , Caraviello Antonio
Published: December 2019

In this work, the mechanical behaviour of natural composite fibre sandwich panels is experimentally investigated. The composite sandwich panels are composed of a natural core made of Posidonia dried leaves reinforced with aluminium skins. The introduced material system is characterized by good structural behaviour (due to the aluminium skins) combined with the good thermal and acoustical insulation provided by the Posidonia core. Flexural and impact tests, characterized by different impact energies, have been performed on specimens with and without the aluminium skins, to preliminary assess the influence of the Posidonia core densities on the natural fibre sandwich mechanical behaviour.
Evaluation of Self Weight Deflection Property of GFRTP Laminate at Moulding Temperature and Formability Simulation of Diaphragm Forming
Authors: Tanaka Kazuto , Kiyama Toshihide , Katayama Tsutao
Published: December 2019

The application of Glass Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastics (GFRTP) is expected to reduce the weight of automobiles. In order to use GFRTP for automotive parts, it is essential to apply Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) technology. Until now, prepreg sheets with thermosetting resin matrix are assumed to be used for materials in simulation software. When FRTP is applied for materials in simulation software, it is required to grasp the characteristics of FRTP under moulding temperature. In our previous study, a system capable of evaluating the tensile properties of FRTP laminates at moulding temperatures had been developed and their tensile properties had been evaluated. Bending stiffness under moulding temperature is also required for simulation software. While bending stiffness can be determined using Young's modulus for isotropic materials, thermoplastic prepregs have large anisotropy, especially at moulding temperature. In this study, a system that enables self-weight deflection test of thermoplastic resin laminate under moulding temperature was developed and self-weight deflection characteristics of plain weave GFRTP were evaluated. The analysed results in which the bending stiffness under the moulding temperature of GFRTP was taken into account, gave the most suitable results to the experimental results.
Experimental Free Vibration of Damaged RC Beam Models
Authors: Capozucca R. , Magagnini E. , Vecchietti M.V.
Published: December 2019

Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beam undamaged and damaged were investigated by free vibration to obtain a variation of frequency values at different degree of damage. Experimental tests were carried out on RC beams in scale and in real scale. The damage of RC beams in real scale was obtained by cracking under static bending tests, while in the case of beam in scale is obtained by notches on the concrete cover with different width. In general, the effects on the dynamic response of diffused damages and of concentrated damages on a section of beam have been experimentally analyzed. The envelope of frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained by dynamic experimental tests was elaborated and the changes of natural frequency values were then correlated to the damage degree of RC beams. The experimental data have been discussed and analyzed by comparison with theoretical results.
Material Model Development of Sandwich Composite: Numerical-Experimental Investigation of Head Dummy Impacting at Vehicle Interior Components
Authors: Vettorello A. , Campo G.A.
Published: December 2019

This paper shows the applicability of a non-linear Finite Element (FE) methodology to analyse the elasto-plastic behaviour and the energy absorption of a padding noise-protection material applied to the vehicle interior components. This material is a sandwich built from alternating layers of polymeric foam and of glass fibre composite. The approach considers two design steps. The first one involves the experimental characterization of the material while the latter deals with the assessment of the numerical models validated for a full-vehicle crash analysis.
A Microscale Approach for Modelling Concrete Fatigue Damage-Mechanisms
Authors: Caggiano Antonio , Schicchi Diego Said , Yang Sha , Harenberg Stefan , Malarics-Pfaff Viktoria , Pahn Matthias , Dehn Frank , Koenders Eddie
Published: December 2019

A micro-scale-based approach for the numerical analysis of cement-based materials, subjected to low-and high-cycle fatigue actions, is presented in this paper. The constitutive model is aimed at describing the evolving microstructural changes caused by cyclic loading protocols. More specifically, statistically representative microscopic geometries are equipped with a fracture-based model combined with a continuous inelastic constitutive law accumulating damage induced by the cyclic stress. The plastic-damage-based model is formulated combining the concepts of fracture-energy theories and damage stiffness degradations, representing the key phenomena occurring in concrete under fatigue. The paper explores the potential of the technique for assessing fatigue microcracks formation and growth, and their influence on the macroscopic behavior.
A Study on the Influence of Laser Parameters on Laser-Assisted Machining of AISI H-13 Steel
Authors: Kaselouris Evaggelos , Baroutsos A. , Papadoulis T. , Papadogiannis Nektarios A. , Tatarakis Michael , Dimitriou Vasilios
Published: December 2019

The machinability of a steel workpiece through conventional and Laser-Assisted Machining (LAM) is studied by the help of the Finite Element Method (FEM). In LAM, the laser beam is applied as a heat source to ensure sufficient local heating of the workpiece at a certain distance from the cutting tool and the machinability of materials is increased since the values of the cutting forces are decreased. A thermostructural FEM model is developed to simulate the conventional and the LAM orthogonal cutting of AISI H-13 steel. The Johnson-Cook material model that takes into account the effect of plastic strain, strain rate and temperature, along with a fracture model, is used in the simulations. For varying feed rate, parametric simulations are carried out, for different test cases of the laser beam diameter and the laser heat flux. Key engineering parameters, like cutting forces, temperature distributions, Von Mises stresses and plastic strains, are compared for both cutting processes. This comparison leads to important notifications on the influence of the cutting and laser parameters to LAM. The obtained results indicate that LAM may improve the machinability of AISI H-13 steel by reducing the cutting forces to a maximum percentage of ~15%.
Turbine Blade Distortion after Heat Treatment: Preliminary Experimental Investigation and FEM Analysis
Authors: de Bona Francesco , Lanzutti Alex , Lucacci G. , Moro Luciano , Srnec Novak Jelena
Published: December 2019

During the production process, turbine blades are subjected to a solubilization heat treatment, followed by tempering treatment, in order to obtain better mechanical properties. It is observed that, in some cases, permanent distortion can occur during the high temperature treatment (austenitising temperature). In this work, a high temperature creep resisting steel blade with a simplified geometry is considered. A finite element model is developed considering: the material properties depending on temperature, phase transformation and viscoplasticity (Nabarro-Herring and bilinear kinematic models). A nonlinear transient thermo-mechanical analysis is performed to simulate a standard thermal cycle. Material properties are partially calibrated based on dilatometric tests and partially from data available in literature. Adopting a laser scanner system, the blades geometry is measured before and after the heat treatment to calculate the permanent deflection. Comparing numerical results with experiments, it has been observed that the distortion phenomenon is mainly affected by the low-stress diffusional creep. This effect is due to the fact that, during the heat treatment, the blade is held at high temperature for a relatively long time according to a particular supporting lay-out. To minimize the permanent distortion, the numerical model permits an appropriate supporting system to be set-up, whose validity has been confirmed experimentally.
A Mitochondrial Micropeptide Is Required for Activation of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome
Authors: Bhatta Ankit , Atianand Maninjay , Jiang Zhaozhao , Crabtree Juliet , Blin Juliana , Fitzgerald Katherine A.
Published: December 2019

Functional peptides encoded by short open reading frames are emerging as important mediators of fundamental biological processes. In this study, we identified a micropeptide produced from a putative long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) that is important in controlling innate immunity. By studying lncRNAs in mice macrophages, we identified lncRNA 1810058I24Rik, which was downregulated in both human and murine myeloid cells exposed to LPS as well as other TLR ligands and inflammatory cytokines. Analysis of lncRNA 1810058I24Rik subcellular localization revealed that this transcript was localized in the cytosol, prompting us to evaluate its coding potential. In vitro translation with 35S-labeled methionine resulted in translation of a 47 aa micropeptide. Microscopy and subcellular fractionation studies in macrophages demonstrated endogenous expression of this peptide on the mitochondrion. We thus named this gene mitochondrial micropeptide-47 (Mm47). Crispr–Cas9–mediated deletion of Mm47, as well as small interfering RNA studies in mice primary macrophages, showed that the transcriptional response downstream of TLR4 was intact in cells lacking Mm47. In contrast, Mm47-deficient or knockdown cells were compromised for Nlrp3 inflammasome responses. Activation of Nlrc4 or Aim2 inflammasomes were intact in cells lacking Mm47. This study therefore identifies, to our knowledge, a novel mitochondrial micropeptide Mm47 that is required for the activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome. This work further highlights the functional activity of short open reading frame–encoded peptides and underscores their importance in innate immunity.
Editorial – Christina Landman Festschrift
Authors: Van Aarde Andries G. , Bentley Wessel , Molobi Victor
Published: December 2019

No abstract available.
Editorial – HTS Theological Studies’ 75th anniversary volume: Maake Masango dedication
Authors: Van Aarde Andries G. , Dreyer Yolanda
Published: December 2019

No abstract available.
A Case Report of a Cutaneous Mucinous Reaction Associated with Erlotinib Therapy Used in the Treatment of Metastatic Tonsillar Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Freemyer Benjamin D , Cabala Torres-Carlos A , Patel Anisha B
Published: December 2019

Cutaneous mucinoses are a diverse group of diseases that are occasionally seen in the context of an adverse drug reaction. We report the case of a 59-year-old male who presented with an asymptomatic, acneiform rash on his forehead, scalp, nose, upper chest, and upper back that had developed after treatment with erlotinib therapy used in the treatment of metastatic tonsillar sinus squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy of these lesions demonstrated atypical histology that had features of both follicular mucinosis and myxedema. This histologic phenomenon is a rare drug reaction that has not previously been described in association with erlotinib.
Svanibor Pettan – the Welcome Face of ICTM
Authors: Serafimovska Velika Stojkova
Published: December 2019

They say that there is a purpose behind meeting anyone in your life. My meeting with Svanibor Pettan in August 1999 resulted in gaining a lifelong friend, a colleague and an advisor who always had positive influence not just on my personal and professional development, but more wider, on the establishment of the currently most important regional scholarly network of traditional music and dance in Southeastern Europe.
Sounds of Minorities in National Contexts:
Authors: Pettan Svanibor
Published: December 2019

The article defines minorities in political and scholarly realms, with special emphasis to the context of the International Council for Traditional Music (ICTM). It contributes a methodological view, root­ed partly in the past research and partly in the envisioned needs of the study field, and features ten thematically profiled research models.
Music, Migration and Minorities: Perspectives and Reflections
Authors: Kovačič Mojca , Hofman Ana
Published: December 2019

The article offers a brief presentation of the main streams of ethnomusicological research on music, migration and minorities while reflecting on their theoretical and methodological frameworks. It pays particular attention to the intersection with other ethnomusicological sub-fields and its role in challenging the methodological nationalism and Western-centric views.
Identifications through Musical Expressions of Africanness in Slovenia
Authors: Kovačič Mojca
Published: December 2019

In the article I am interested in the ways that Africanness (as a representation of and identification with African culture) is musically performed in Slovenia. Africanness is being publicly represented either by African diaspora that is negotiating their ethnic identifications through culture or non-Africans that have established connections with African culture for various reasons. The article illustrates in which cases music offers a space of safety and self-identification, a place of fascination, aesthetic expression or cultural growth and enrichment.
Choir Formations (1973–2015) in Berlin – in Connection with Migration/Refugee Movements
Authors: Klebe Dorit
Published: December 2019

Two choir formations are featured in connection with minority-majority relations, under socially and music related aspects. The focus lies on creative forms of self-help and on music cultural interactions as reflected in the music repertoire and elaborated through analyzing structure and building elements of single music pieces.
Fibulin-3 serum and urine levels in the diagnosis and severity assessment of primary knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Nassif Mary
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most widespread joint disease and is a major cause of joint pain and disability in the middle aged and elderly population. The diagnosis of OA is based on clinical and radiographic changes that occur late after disease progression, and hence does not allow early detection of structural damage. Therefore, there is an acute need for reliable biochemical markers that can facilitate its earlier diagnosis. This study was commenced to identify fibulin-3 levels in serum and urine of patients with primary knee OA and to investigate their relationship with severity of the disease.

Material and methods

Fifty female patients with primary knee OA were compared to 25 healthy female controls. Fibulin-3 in serum and urine were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Severity of knee pain was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index and the Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living (KOS-ADL) scale. Radiographic grading of knee OA was performed by Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) criteria.

Results

Serum and urine fibulin-3 were higher in patients (286.00 ±145.00 ng/ml and 104.60 ±32.73 ng/ml, respectively) than in controls (26.00 ±5.77 ng/ml and 13.60 ±4.21 ng/ml, respectively). Fibulin-3 in serum and urine correlated (p < 0.001) with each other (r = 0.930) and with the severity of knee pain by WOMAC index (r = 0.909 and 0.928, respectively), inversely correlated with KOS-ADL (r = –0.913 and –0.953, respectively), and with radiographic grading of K-L (r = 0.855 and 0.875, respectively).

Conclusions

Fibulin-3 serves as a biomarker of knee OA disease severity and could predict disease progression. Assessing urine fibulin-3 could be an applicable and easy method to diagnose knee OA and to follow up disease progression.
Severe mononeuritis multiplex in a patient with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Kalinova Desislava , Kukushev Georgi , Kolarov Zlatimir , Rashkov Rasho
Published: December 2019

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic vasculitis characterised by bronchial asthma, hypereosinophilia, and systemic vasculitis. History of asthma with blood eosinophilia and multiorgan involvement are the important clues to suspect EGPA. In the original paper by Churg and Strauss cardiac, gastrointestinal tract, renal, and neurological involvement were noted more frequently. The pattern of neurological involvement may be mononeuritis multiplex, and symmetrical and asymmetrical polyneuropathy. Mononeuritis multiplex was present in 78.1% while cranial nerves were involved in only 4.1% of cases. Glucocorticosteroids and immunosuppressants, especially cyclophosphamide, have considerably improved the prognosis and overall survival rates in patients with systemic vasculitis, including eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The authors present a clinical case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with severe mononeuritis multiplex. The case reflects the successful application of a cyclophosphamide regime as a remission inducer.
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in a 7-year-old boy: difficulties in diagnosis
Authors: Dybowska-Gołota Izabela , Krajewska-Włodarczyk Magdalena , Żuber Zbigniew
Published: December 2019

Vasculitides are a diverse group of diseases. The potential diversity of their clinical symptoms requires the exclusion of other systemic connective tissue diseases, infectious diseases or malignancies. Due to similar clinical manifestations, comprehensive differential diagnosis is needed. This paper presents the case of a boy in whom polyarteritis nodosa, early stage of Behçet’s disease or autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants was suspected following initial diagnostics. He was ultimately diagnosed with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.
Evaluating wildfire emissions projection methods in comparisons of simulated and observed air quality
Authors: Shankar Uma , McKenzie Donald , Prestemon Jeffrey P. , Baek Bok Haeng , Omary Mohammed , Yang Dongmei , Xiu Aijun , Talgo Kevin , Vizuete William
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Climate warming has been implicated as a major driver of recent catastrophic
wildfires worldwide but analyses of regional differences in US wildfires
show that socioeconomic factors also play a large role. We previously
leveraged statistical projections of annual areas burned (AAB) over the
fast-growing southeastern US that include both climate and socioeconomic
changes from 2011 to 2060 and developed wildfire emissions estimates over
the region at 12 km × 12 km resolution to enable air quality (AQ) impact
assessments for 2010 and selected future years. These estimates employed two
AAB datasets, one using statistical downscaling (“statistical d-s”) and
another using dynamical downscaling (“dynamical d-s”) of climate inputs
from the same climate realization. This paper evaluates these wildfire
emissions estimates against the U.S. National Emissions Inventory (NEI) as a
benchmark in contemporary (2010) simulations with the Community Multiscale
Air Quality (CMAQ) model and against network observations for ozone and
particulate matter below 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5). We
hypothesize that our emissions estimates will yield model results that meet
acceptable performance criteria and are comparable to those using the NEI.
The three simulations, which differ only in wildfire emissions, compare
closely, with differences in ozone and PM2.5 below 1 % and 8 %,
respectively, but have much larger maximum mean fractional biases (MFBs)
against observations (25 % and 51 %, respectively). The largest biases
for ozone are in the fire-free winter, indicating that modeling
uncertainties other than wildfire emissions are mainly responsible.
Statistical d-s, with the largest AAB domain-wide, is 7 % more positively
biased and 4 % less negatively biased in PM2.5 on average than the
other two cases, while dynamical d-s and the NEI differ only by 2 %–3 % partly because of their equally large summertime PM2.5
underpredictions. Primary species (elemental carbon and ammonium from
ammonia) have good-to-acceptable results, especially for the downscaling
cases, providing confidence in our emissions estimation methodology.
Compensating biases in sulfate (positive) and in organic carbon and dust
(negative) lead to acceptable PM2.5 performance to varying degrees
(MFB between −14 % and 51 %) in all simulations. As these species are
driven by secondary chemistry or non-wildfire sources, their production
pathways can be fruitful avenues for CMAQ improvements. Overall, the
downscaling methods match and sometimes exceed the NEI in simulating
current wildfire AQ impacts, while enabling such assessments much farther
into the future.
Heterogeneous N2O5 reactions on atmospheric aerosols at four Chinese sites: Improving model representation of uptake parameters
Authors: Yu Chuan , Wang Zhe , Xia Men , Fu Xiao , Wang Weihao , Tham Yee Jun , Chen Tianshu , Zheng Penggang , Li Hongyong , Shan Ye , Wang Xinfeng , Xue Likun , Zhou Yan , Yue Dingli , Ou Yubo , Gao Jian , Lu Keding , Brown Steven S. , Zhang Yuanhang , Wang Tao
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Heterogeneous reactivity of N2O5 on aerosols is a critical parameter in assessing NOx fate, nitrate production, and particulate chloride activation. Accurate measurement of its uptake coefficient (γN2O5) and representation in air quality model are challenging, especially in the polluted environment. With an in-situ aerosol flow tube system, the γN2O5 was directly measured on ambient aerosols at two rural sites in northern and southern China. The results were analyzed together with the γN2O5 derived from previous field studies in China to obtain a holistic picture of N2O5 uptake and the influencing factors under various climatic and chemical conditions. The field derived/measured γN2O5 was generally promoted by the aerosol water content and suppressed by particle nitrate. Significant discrepancies were found between the measured γN2O5 and that estimated from laboratory-determined parameterizations. An observation-based empirical parameterization was derived in the present work, which better reproduced the mean value and variability of the observed γN2O5. Incorporating this new parameterization in a regional air quality model (WRF-CMAQ) has improved the simulation of nitrogen oxides and secondary nitrate in the polluted regions of China.
Climate system response to stratospheric sulfate aerosols: sensitivity to altitude of aerosol layer
Authors: Krishnamohan Krishna-Pillai Sukumara-Pillai , Bala Govindasamy , Cao Long , Duan Lei , Caldeira Ken
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Reduction of surface temperatures of the planet by injecting sulfate aerosols
in the stratosphere has been suggested as an option to reduce the amount of
human-induced climate warming. Several previous studies have shown that for a
specified amount of injection, aerosols injected at a higher altitude in the
stratosphere would produce more cooling because aerosol sedimentation would
take longer. In this study, we isolate and assess the sensitivity of
stratospheric aerosol radiative forcing and the resulting climate change to
the altitude of the aerosol layer. We study this by prescribing a specified
amount of sulfate aerosols, of a size typical of what is produced by
volcanoes, distributed uniformly at different levels in the stratosphere. We
find that stratospheric sulfate aerosols are more effective in cooling
climate when they reside higher in the stratosphere. We explain this
sensitivity in terms of effective radiative forcing: volcanic aerosols heat
the stratospheric layers where they reside, altering stratospheric water
vapor content, tropospheric stability, and clouds, and consequently the
effective radiative forcing. We show that the magnitude of the effective
radiative forcing is larger when aerosols are prescribed at higher altitudes
and the differences in radiative forcing due to fast adjustment processes can
account for a substantial part of the dependence of the amount of cooling on
aerosol altitude. These altitude effects would be additional to dependences
on aerosol microphysics, transport, and sedimentation, which are outside the
scope of this study. The cooling effectiveness of stratospheric sulfate
aerosols likely increases with the altitude of the aerosol layer both because
aerosols higher in the stratosphere have larger effective radiative forcing
and because they have higher stratospheric residence time; these two effects
are likely to be of comparable importance.
Effects of preferential flow on snowmelt partitioning and groundwater recharge in frozen soils
Authors: Mohammed Aaron A. , Pavlovskii Igor , Cey Edwin E. , Hayashi Masaki
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Snowmelt is a major source of groundwater recharge in
cold regions. Throughout many landscapes snowmelt occurs when the ground is
still frozen; thus frozen soil processes play an important role in snowmelt
routing, and, by extension, the timing and magnitude of recharge. This study
investigated the vadose zone dynamics governing snowmelt infiltration and
groundwater recharge at three grassland sites in the Canadian Prairies over
the winter and spring of 2017. The region is characterized by numerous
topographic depressions where the ponding of snowmelt runoff results in focused
infiltration and recharge. Water balance estimates showed infiltration was
the dominant sink (35 %–85 %) of snowmelt under uplands (i.e. areas outside
of depressions), even when the ground was frozen, with soil moisture responses
indicating flow through the frozen layer. The refreezing of infiltrated
meltwater during winter melt events enhanced runoff generation in subsequent
melt events. At one site, time lags of up to 3 d between snow cover
depletion on uplands and ponding in depressions demonstrated the role of a
shallow subsurface transmission pathway or interflow through frozen soil in
routing snowmelt from uplands to depressions. At all sites,
depression-focused infiltration and recharge began before complete ground
thaw and a significant portion (45 %–100 %) occurred while the ground was
partially frozen. Relatively rapid infiltration rates and non-sequential
soil moisture and groundwater responses, observed prior to ground thaw,
indicated preferential flow through frozen soils. The preferential flow
dynamics are attributed to macropore networks within the grassland soils,
which allow infiltrated meltwater to bypass portions of the frozen soil
matrix and facilitate both the lateral transport of meltwater between
topographic positions and groundwater recharge through frozen ground. Both
of these flow paths may facilitate preferential mass transport to
groundwater.
Ability of a soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model and a two-source energy balance model to predict evapotranspiration for several crops and climate conditions
Authors: Bigeard Guillaume , Coudert Benoit , Chirouze Jonas , Er-Raki Salah , Boulet Gilles , Ceschia Eric , Jarlan Lionel
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The heterogeneity of Agroecosystems, in terms of hydric conditions, crop types and states, and meteorological forcing, is difficult to characterize precisely at the field scale over an agricultural landscape. This study aims to perform a sensitivity study with respect to the uncertain model inputs of two classical approaches used to map the evapotranspiration of agroecosystems: (1) a surface energy balance (SEB) model, the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model, forced with thermal infrared (TIR) data as a proxy for the crop hydric conditions, and (2) a soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer (SVAT) model, the SEtHyS model, where hydric conditions are computed from a soil water budget. To this end, the models' skill was compared using a large and unique in situ database covering different crops and climate conditions, which was acquired over three experimental sites in southern France and Morocco. On average, the models provide 30 min estimations of latent heat flux (LE) with a RMSE of around 55 W m−2 for TSEB and 47 W m−2 for SEtHyS, and estimations of sensible heat flux (H) with a RMSE of around 29 W m−2 for TSEB and 38 W m−2 for SEtHyS. A sensitivity analysis based on realistic errors aimed to estimate the potential decrease in performance induced by the spatialization process. For the SVAT model, the multi-objective calibration iterative procedure (MCIP) is used to determine and test different sets of parameters. TSEB is run with only one set of parameters and provides acceptable performance for all crop stages apart from the early growing season (LAI < 0.2 m2 m−2) and when hydric stress occurs. An in-depth study on the Priestley–Taylor key parameter highlights its marked diurnal cycle and the need to adjust its value to improve flux partitioning between the sensible and latent heat fluxes (1.5 and 1.25 for France and Morocco, respectively). Optimal values of 1.8–2 were highlighted under cloudy conditions, which is of particular interest due to the emergence of low-altitude drone acquisition. Under developed vegetation (LAI > 0.8 m2 m−2) and unstressed conditions, using sets of parameters that only differentiate crop types is a valuable trade-off for SEtHyS. This study provides some scientific elements regarding the joint use of both approaches and TIR imagery, via the development of new data assimilation and calibration strategies.
Kinematic analysis and evaluation of a hybrid mechanism for computer assisted bone reduction surgery
Authors: Nguyen Phu Sinh , Essomba Terence , Idram Irwansyah , Lai Jiing-Yi
Published: December 2019

Abstract. In severe fracture cases, a bone can be separated into
two fragments and it is mandatory to reposition the bone fragments together.
This type of surgery is called “bone reduction surgery”. Originally, the
operation consisted in manipulating the bones fragments by hand in open
surgery. The most advanced technique relies on robotic manipulators
providing higher precision and stability. A new mechanical architecture is
proposed based on a 3-RPS tripod parallel mechanism combined with a Double
Triangular Planar parallel mechanism. Its kinematic and velocity models are
calculated and the parasitic motion generated by the tripod mechanism is
considered in the final result. The workspace it can generate is compared to
the Stewart manipulator, which is a classical mechanism for the targeted
application. The use of a robotic manipulator is due to be part of an entire
surgical procedure involving a pre-operative simulation software dedicated
to pre-planning reduction surgery, namely PhysiGuide. It is used to measure
the kinematic associated with bone fragments manipulation and transfer it to
the robot during the intra-operative phase. Simulations are then performed
based on a real patient's fracture images showing the suitability of the
present mechanism with bone reduction surgery.
The FluxEngine air–sea gas flux toolbox: simplified interface and extensions for in situ analyses and multiple sparingly soluble gases
Authors: Holding Thomas , Ashton Ian G. , Shutler Jamie D. , Land Peter E. , Nightingale Philip D. , Rees Andrew P. , Brown Ian , Piolle Jean-Francois , Kock Annette , Bange Hermann W. , Woolf David K. , Goddijn-Murphy Lonneke , Pereira Ryan , Paul Frederic , Girard-Ardhuin Fanny , Chapron Bertrand , Rehder Gregor , Ardhuin Fabrice , Donlon Craig J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The flow (flux) of climate-critical gases, such as carbon dioxide
(CO2), between the ocean and the atmosphere is a fundamental component
of our climate and an important driver of the biogeochemical systems within
the oceans. Therefore, the accurate calculation of these air–sea gas fluxes
is critical if we are to monitor the oceans and assess the impact that these
gases are having on Earth's climate and ecosystems. FluxEngine is an open-source software toolbox that allows users to easily perform calculations of
air–sea gas fluxes from model, in situ, and Earth observation data. The original
development and verification of the toolbox was described in a previous
publication. The toolbox has now been considerably updated to allow for its use
as a Python library, to enable simplified installation, to ensure verification of its
installation, to enable the handling of multiple sparingly soluble gases, and to enable the
greatly expanded functionality for supporting in situ dataset analyses. This new
functionality for supporting in situ analyses includes user-defined grids, time
periods and projections, the ability to reanalyse in situ CO2 data to a
common temperature dataset, and the ability to easily calculate gas fluxes
using in situ data from drifting buoys, fixed moorings, and research cruises. Here
we describe these new capabilities and demonstrate their application
through illustrative case studies. The first case study demonstrates the
workflow for accurately calculating CO2 fluxes using in situ data from four
research cruises from the Surface Ocean CO2 ATlas (SOCAT) database. The
second case study calculates air–sea CO2 fluxes using in situ data from a
fixed monitoring station in the Baltic Sea. The third case study focuses on
nitrous oxide (N2O) and, through a user-defined gas transfer
parameterisation, identifies that biological surfactants in the North
Atlantic could suppress individual N2O sea–air gas fluxes by up to
13 %. The fourth and final case study illustrates how a dissipation-based
gas transfer parameterisation can be implemented and used. The updated
version of the toolbox (version 3) and all documentation is now freely
available.
Los archivos como entidades públicas en Cuba: un análisis desde su marco legal
Authors: Delgado López Yorlis
Published: December 2019

Los Archivos son entidades públicas con una función social sumamente importante, pues conservan la documentación generada por un país, un territorio, una entidad, una disciplina científica, etc. En la actualidad estos objetivos se valoran más hacia la preservación de derechos de los ciudadanos o/y como garante de la gestión y la rendición de cuentas de la administración, independientemente de la edad del documento que preservan y de los criterios historicistas que al respecto se esgrimen. Esta realidad tiene un impacto sobre legislación que en el caso Cuba deviene desde el Siglo XVIII. El presente artículo pretende evaluar la protección legal de los archivos en Cuba como entidades públicas del Gobierno desde una visión sistémica del tema. Se obtiene un análisis actualizado sobre el tema; y se ahonda en cómo este bien jurídico (categorización asumida en el ensayo) ha sido visto en Cuba por la legislación archivística, desde la etapa colonial hasta la actualidad.
Development of gluten-free non-yeasted dough structure as factor of bread quality formation
Authors: Shanina Olga , Galyasnyj Ivan , Gavrysh Tetyana , Dugina Kateryna , Sukhenko Yuriy , Sukhenko Vladyslav , Miedviedieva Natalia , Mushtruk Mikhailo , Rozbytska Tatyana , Slobodyanyuk Natalia
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of hydrocolloids and animal protein concentrates on the formation of the foam-like structure of gluten-free non-yeast dough as the main factor for bread quality formation. The use of CMC in a concentration of 0.5% is found to be appropriate. The bread volume increases to 236 cm3.100g-1 in comparison with the control sample in water – 202 cm3.100g-1. It is proved that the suggested additives in the amounts of 0.5 ‒ 1.0% Helios-11 and 0.5% CMC solution cause 100% resistance of egg white foam. In this case, the foaming ability increases with the addition of Helios-11 only in amounts up to 1.0%, then decreases for higher amounts of Helios-11 or in the presence of CMC. This can be explained by the increase in density of the whipping mass and the ability of both additives to thicken solutions. In the presence of the additives, the foamy texture of the dough changes. The number of large pores (0.7 – 1.5 mm) decreases almost fourfold, and the number of small and very small pores (0.1 ‒ 0.5 mm) increases significantly. The index of form resistance of the control sample is 32, and in the presence of 0.5% CMC with 0.5 ‒ 1.0% APC is 20 ‒ 21, which indicates a decrease in the surface tension of the aqueous solutions with additives, to a large extent, in the case of joint use.
Plum (Prunus rossica Erem.) fruit field and laboratory researces depending on the scion-stock combinations
Authors: Motyleva Svetlana , Upadysheva Galina , Kulikov Ivan , Upadyshev Mikhail , Medvedev Sergei , Panischeva Dariya
Published: December 2019

The results of the field observations and biochemical researches of plum (PrunusrossicaErem.) fruits grown in the garden of intensive type with agrogenic soil in row spacing are presented in the article. The fruits of plum breeds Kubanskaya kometa и Naidena were gathered from the trees grafted on different stocks. The influene of the stock on the trees productivity, the fruit weight and biochemical structure of the plum fruits were studied. Basic chemical analyses, ascorbic acid concentration, antioxidant activity and fruit ash content were determined. The variation limits of the parameters under study depending on the used stock were shown. The best degustation evaluation parameters were found at the combinations of Kubanskaya kometa on stocks OPA-15-2 and Novinka, Naidena on OPA-15-2 (more than 4,5 points). The high positive correlation (r= 0.92) was marked between solutable solids and sugars content.The researches about the stock influence on the plum fruits titratable acidity change we have not found.The correlation between AA and ascorbic acid content in the fruits was determined (r =0.7). The decreasing row of the elements content in the plum fruits ash is the following: K>P>Mg>Ca>Mo>Cu>S>Ni>Fe≈Si>Mn. The proportion of K is from 18.67 (Naidena/ОРА-15-2) to 27.48 (Kubanskaya kometa/Novinka); P from 3.35 (Kubanskaya kometa/seedlings P.cerasifera Ehrh. to 6.39 (Kubanskaya kometa/Novinka), Mg from 1.11 (Nnaidena/ОРА-15-2) to 2.43 (Naidena/seedlings P.cerasifera Ehrh.) and Ca from 0.39 (Naidena/13-11) to 1.85 (Naidena/OPA-15-2) mass % respectively. The proportion of the rest elements is not more than 1 mass %.  Under the OPA-15-2 stock influence the trees productivity and the single fruit weight increased, solutable solids, sugars and ascorbic acid concentration in the fruit in comparison with standard stock by the seedling rootstock of alycha (PrunuscerasiferaEhrh. seedlings). While ingrafting by Novinka stocks the parameters under study decreased.
Detection of microbiota in the vineyards of the Tokaj wine region
Authors: Regecová Ivana , Marcinčák Slavomí­r , Nagy Jozef , Popelka Peter , Semjon Boris , Jevinová Pavlina , Pipová Monika , Král Martin , Kovalčí­k Marián
Published: December 2019

Tokaj is an important Central European wine-growing area with controlled planting and authorized varieties of white vines. This area has a specific microflora composition which changes based on its climate dependence, as well as during the fermentation process of wine production. Therefore, the aim of this study was, by culture examination of the samples, to detect the microbiota of soil, leaves, berries and fermentation must from two vineyards from the Slovak part of Tokaj. The highest total viable count (5.60 ±0.01 log cfu.g-1) and the highest total yeast and mould count (4.32 ±0.01 log cfu.g-1) in soil samples were recorded in vineyard Berecký. The highest total viable count in soil samples (6.71 ±0.01 log cfu.g-1) was confirmed by examination of samples originating from the vineyard of Čierna Hora. When determining the total yeast and mould count, the highest numbers were recorded in the must samples (4.15 ±0.01 log cfu.mL-1). Lactic acid bacteria were collected in samples from both vineyards, only in very low numbers. Overall, statistically significant differences (p <0.001) were detected by comparing the microbiota of the samples taken from the Berecký and Čierna Hora vineyards. The specific characterisation and identification of yeast was carried out using ITS-PCR-RFLP methods. The analysis confirmed the presence of yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tenuis and their subsequent transfer to the must at varying percentages.
Deliberative Polling Comes of Age
Authors: Mansbridge Jane
Published: December 2019

Democracy When the People Are Thinking reveals how Deliberative Polls are today becoming embedded to various degrees in the policy processes of some democratic states. Some are legally required and even given close to decisional power at points in the democratic process. Here I warn that the more powerful Deliberative Polls and other minipublics based on “civic lotteries” become—the more they make important decisions instead of merely giving advice—the more they will come under attack from individuals and groups who benefit comparatively from traditional democratic processes. The more they come under attack, the more they will require both normative and perceived legitimacy. Robust legitimacy derives not only from appropriate delegation but from the design and the public presentation of the mini-publics themselves. A contingent analysis argues that the more embedded these institutions become in the state, the more important it will be first to ensure and then to publicize effectively the representativeness of the randomized assembly, the balanced and comprehensive nature of the materials and experts that the citizen deliberators consult, and the quality of the deliberation. Some practical suggestions follow.
Deferência com as escolhas públicas
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Marcelo , Hogemann Edna Raquel
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar os limites decisão judicial sobre as escolhas planejadas da Administração Pública e descrever os possíveis desdobramentos da Lei 13.655/2018. Partindo-se da decisão da Suprema Corte norte americana sobre o caso Chevron, especificamente no que se refere às bases da deferência judicial para as regras administrativas, a pesquisa volta seu foco contra a atuação do Poder Judiciário sobre as escolhas públicas que se justificam pelas circunstâncias e especificidade técnica, afetas ao agir administrativo, conforme delimitação legislativa e planejamento prévio. Visando atingir o objetivo acima descrito, é empregada a metodologia dialético-descritiva que engloba o levantamento da bibliografia voltada para a temática, bem como a comparação de conceitos teóricos que viabilizem a construção de descrições críticas, a compreensão dos efeitos práticos dos processos de tomada de decisão no ambiente administrativo e detectar os motivos que levam a intervenções do Judiciário sobre o juízo da Administração.
Agir Estratégico: um balanço sobre a sentença t-025/2004 da Corte Constitucional Colombiana
Authors: Oliveira Wagner Vinicius de
Published: December 2019

O objetivo central desse artigo consiste em identificar e compreender como as cortes constitucionais decidem em situações de inegável gravidade constitucional. Tal análise envolve a conjugação de esforços institucionais para que as decisões judiciais sejam dotadas de exequibilidade e de força normativa adequadas para alterarem o estado de coisas inconstitucional. Essa investigação será realizada em duas frentes: uma teórico-conceitual seguida de um recorte empírico a partir da sentença T-025 de 2004 (Desplazamiento forzado internos) da Corte Constitucional colombiana. Para tanto, utiliza-se do método indutivo com expectativa de generalização dos resultados alcançados. Os materiais consultados sugerem a tendência de uma atuação mais contidas das cortes constitucionais seja para garantir a separação funcional dos poderes, seja por uma questão de agir estratégico, preservando assim sua autoridade e legitimidade. Diante disso, as conclusões sustentam a hipótese de uma atuação moderada das cortes constitucionais, mesmo as cortes que possuem tradição verticalizada mais atuante.
Il difficile equilibrio del diritto costituzionale tra presunta neutralità della tecnica e scelte politiche
Authors: Salmoni Fiammetta
Published: December 2019

Dopo un breve inquadramento iniziale dei rapporti fra tecnica, politica e diritto, il saggio esamina la crescente pervasività della tecnica nel diritto, il quale, senza il supporto della tecnica e delle sue norme, non sarebbe oggi in grado di disciplinare tutta una serie di materie. Viene poi analizzata la definizione e la natura stessa del concetto di “tecnica” e di “norme tecniche” sin dall’antichità, per arrivare alle attuali definizioni della giurisprudenza costituzionale italiana. Ciò che emerge è la trasformazione della tecnica da mezzo a fine, nel nome di una sua solo presunta oggettività e neutralità. La tecnocrazia, dunque, è l’antitesi della democrazia e la tecnica è l’antitesi della politica.
Las ciencias cognitivas: preámbulo para comprender el funcionamiento de los esquemas del ser humano
Authors: Escobar Soriano Álvaro Antonio
Published: December 2019

Varias generaciones de estudios de las ciencias cognitivas, han dado como resultado una amplia cantidad de teorías. En estas, se abordan diferentes aspectos del sistema que permiten al ser humano funcionar en diferentes ambientes. Esto es posible, porque el sistema cerebral es plástico (adaptable), se reestructura a sí mismo en una escala de la realidad, imperceptible para los sentidos humanos. A la par de esta cualidad, existen otras que codifican información. Ese es el caso del sistema neuronal espejo que codifica las intenciones de los demás, lo que permite entendernos.  Los esquemas de aprendizaje se pueden estructurar, considerando el modelo holográfico de la mente, que expone la manera cómo la conciencia se distribuye por todo el sistema cerebral y funciona como un mecanismo de recuperación de información desde las diferentes áreas.  Estos sistemas tienen como producto lo que en neurociencia se denomina memoria, la que es individual y colectiva. Finalmente, el lenguaje sustenta estas capacidades mentales y permite la manifestación comunicativa de los esquemas, a través de la interacción con los demás.