bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Ayoub Muhammad , Yusup Suzana , Abdullah Bawadi , Shamsuddin Rashid , Bilad Roil , Chong Chi Cheng , Aqsha Aqsha
Published: September 2020

In the current study, microwave-assisted glycerol polymerization for short-chain polyglycerol production was conducted unprecedentedly over low-cost catalyst, lithium-modified aluminium pillared clay (Li/AlPC) catalysts without the solvent. The influences of disparate reaction parameters such as the effects of Li loadings (10, 20, 30 wt.%), catalyst loadings (2, 3, 4 wt.%), operating temperatures (200, 220, 240 °C) and operating times (1–4 h) on the glycerol conversions, and polyglycerol yield (particularly for diglycerol and triglycerol), were elucidated. The fresh catalysts were subjected to physicochemical properties evaluation via characterization techniques, viz. N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD. In comparison, 20 wt.% Li/AlPC demonstrated the best performance under non-conventional heating, credited to its outstanding textural properties (an increase of basal spacing to 21 Ȧ, high surface area of 95.48 m2/g, total basicity of 34.48 mmol/g and average pore diameter of 19.21 nm). Within the studied ranges, the highest glycerol conversion (98.85%) and polyglycerol yield (90.46%) were achieved when catalyst loading of 3 wt.%, reaction temperature of 220 °C and reaction time of 3 h were adopted. The results obtained also anticipated the higher energy efficiency of microwave-assisted polymerization than conventional technique (>8 h), as the reaction time for the former technology was shorter to attain the highest product yield. The study performed could potentially conduce the wise utilization of surplus glycerol generated from the biodiesel industry.
Robust Wavelength Selection Using Filter-Wrapper Method and Input Scaling on Near Infrared Spectral Data
Authors: Silalahi Divo Dharma , Midi Habshah , Arasan Jayanthi , Mustafa Mohd Shafie , Caliman Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2020

The extraction of relevant wavelengths from a large dataset of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a significant challenge in vibrational spectroscopy research. Nonetheless, this process allows the improvement in the chemical interpretability by emphasizing the chemical entities related to the chemical parameters of samples. With the complexity in the dataset, it may be possible that irrelevant wavelengths are still included in the multivariate calibration. This yields the computational process to become unnecessary complex and decreases the accuracy and robustness of the model. In multivariate analysis, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) is a method commonly used to build a predictive model from NIR spectral data. However, in the PLSR method and common commercial chemometrics software, there is no standard wavelength selection procedure applied to screen the irrelevant wavelengths. In this study, a new robust wavelength selection procedure called the modified VIP-MCUVE (mod-VIP-MCUVE) using Filter-Wrapper method and input scaling strategy is introduced. The proposed method combines the modified Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) and modified Monte Carlo Uninformative Variable Elimination (MCUVE) to calculate the scale matrix of the input variable. The modified VIP uses the orthogonal components of Partial Least Square (PLS) in investigating the informative variable in the model by applying the amount of variation both in X and y{SSX,SSY}, simultaneously. The modified MCUVE uses a robust reliability coefficient and a robust tolerance interval in the selection procedure. To evaluate the superiority of the proposed method, the classical VIP, MCUVE, and autoscaling procedure in classical PLSR were also included in the evaluation. Using artificial data with Monte Carlo simulation and NIR spectral data of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit mesocarp, the study shows that the proposed method offers advantages to improve model interpretability, to be computationally extensive, and to produce better model accuracy.
Correction: Kaiseler, M., et al. The Impact of an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Course on the Wellbeing of Recovering UK Military Personnel: An Exploratory Study. Sports 2019, 7(5), 112
Authors: Kaiseler Mariana , Kay Chris , McKenna Jim
Published: September 2020

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Analysis of Problems Related to the Calculation of Flood Frequency Using Rainfall-Runoff Models: A Case Study in Poland
Authors: Młyński Dariusz
Published: September 2020

This work aimed to quantify how the different parameters of the Snyder model influence the errors in design flows. The study was conducted for the Kamienica Nowojowska catchment (Poland). The analysis was carried out according to the following stages: determination of design precipitation, determination of design hyetograph, sensitivity analysis of the Snyder model, and quality assessment of the Snyder model. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the Snyder model did not show high sensitivity to the assumed precipitation distribution. The parameters depending on the retention capacity of the catchment had much greater impact on the obtained flow values. The verification of the model quality showed a significant disproportion in the calculated maximum flow values with the assumed return period.
Development of Driving Cycle Construction for Hybrid Electric Bus: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Peng Jiankun , Jiang Jiwan , Ding Fan , Tan Huachun
Published: September 2020

A driving cycle is important to accomplish an accurate depiction of a vehicle’s driving characteristics as the traction motor’s flexible response to stop and start commands. In this paper, the driving cycle construction of an urban hybrid electric bus (HEB) in Zhengzhou, China is developed in which a measurement system integrating global positioning and inertial navigation function is used to acquire driving data. The collected data are then divided into acceleration, deceleration, uniform, and stop fragments. Meanwhile, the velocity fragments are classified into seven state clusters according to their average velocities. A transfer matrix applied to reveal the transfer relationship of velocity clusters can be obtained with statistical analysis. In the third stage, a three-part construction method of driving cycle is designed. Firstly, according to the theory of Markov chain, all the alternative parts that satisfy the construction’s precondition are selected based on the transfer matrix and Monte Carlo method. The Zhengzhou urban driving cycle (ZZUDC) could be determined by comparing the performance measure (PM) values subsequently. Eventually, the method and the cycle are validated by the high correlation coefficient (0.9972) with original data of ZZUDC than that of the other driving cycle (0.9746) constructed with traditional micro-trip and as well by comparing several statistical characteristics of ZZUDC and seven international cycles. Particularly, with around 20.5 L/100 km fuel and approximately 12.8 kwh/100 km electricity consumption, there is a narrow gap between the energy consumption of ZZUDC and WVUCITY, and their characteristics are similar.
Comparison of the Flow Rate and Speed of Vehicles on a Representative Road Section before and after the Implementation of Measures in Connection with COVID-19
Authors: Harantová Veronika , Hájnik Ambróz , Kalašová Alica
Published: September 2020

Transport is an inseparable part of the life of all citizens. At the beginning of the year, the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Individual states have taken strict measures to prevent its spread among the population. Due to this fact, the government of the Slovak Republic has issued restrictions on the closure of public spaces (schools, shopping centres, restaurants, bars, etc.). These restrictions have had an impact not only on the economic activity of the population but also on their mobility in the form of reduced traffic. This is due to the drastically reduced mobility associated with the coronavirus, such as commuting trips and extremely limited leisure opportunities. Reduced mobility of the population (reduction of the number of vehicles in the traffic flow) can bring positive effects not only on overloaded road network (increased vehicle speed, lower flow) but also on the environment (reduction of noise, emissions, etc.). This article aims at finding out what effect the measures taken had on the quality of traffic flow. The quality of movement was examined in the form of the flow and speed of vehicles on one of the busiest first-class road sections. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the state of the restrictions. The results show that after the introduction of measures against the spread of coronavirus, the intensity and speed of vehicles in the measured section decreased.
Development of Analytical Procedures for Chemical Characterization of Substrates for the Production of TRISO Coated Particles as Nuclear Fuel in High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors
Authors: Chajduk Ewelina , Kalbarczyk Paweł , Dudek Jakub , Pyszynska Marta , Bojanowska-Czajka Anna , Samczyński Zbigniew
Published: September 2020

High temperature gas-cooled reactors have recently gained importance as a source of electricity and process heat. Nuclear fuel used in these reactors consists of TRISO (TRiple coated ISOtropic) coated particles, where spherical grains of UO2 or UC2 or UCO kernel are covered with four successive layers consisting of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide. Of great importance is the chemical purity of reagents and substances used for the production of TRISO coated fuel particles. Analytical techniques ensuring the determination of elements at trace levels are inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). They were applied in this work for the chemical characterization of substrates used for TRISO fuel production. Two analytical procedures were developed: the first, where materials are analyzed using ICP-MS, and the second with the aid of NAA. Successive stages of these procedures are described with details. Results of quantitative chemical analysis of examined substances are reported as well as detection limits for the investigated elements. Moreover, the expanded uncertainties estimated for the determined elements while employing the devised analytical procedures are presented.
Application of a Novel Automatic Method for Determining the Bilateral Symmetry Midline of the Facial Skeleton Based on Invariant Moments
Authors: Dalvit Carvalho da Silva Rodrigo , Richard Jenkyn Thomas , Alexander Carranza Victor
Published: September 2020

Assuming a symmetric pattern plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of facial asymmetry, for reconstructive craniofacial surgery, knowing the precise location of the facial midline is important since for most reconstructive procedures the intact side of the face serves as a template for the malformed side. However, the location of the midline is still a subjective procedure, despite its importance. This study aimed to automatically locate the bilateral symmetry midline of the facial skeleton based on an invariant moment technique using pseudo-Zernike moments. A total of 367 skull images were evaluated using the proposed technique. The technique was found to be reliable and provided good accuracy in the symmetry planes. This new technique will be utilized for subsequent studies to evaluate diverse craniofacial reconstruction techniques.
An Improved Analytical Tuning Rule of a Robust PID Controller for Integrating Systems with Time Delay Based on the Multiple Dominant Pole-Placement Method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cui Yue , Ding Xiangxin
Published: September 2020

An improved analytical tuning rule of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for integrating systems with time delay is proposed using the direct synthesis method and multiple dominant pole-placement approach. Different from the traditional multiple dominant pole-placement method, the desired characteristic equation is obtained by placing the third-order dominant poles at −1/λ and placing the second-order non-dominant poles at −5/λ (λ is the tuning parameter). According to root locus theory, the third-order dominant poles and the second-order non-dominant poles are nearly symmetrically located at the two sides of the fifth-order dominant poles. This makes the third-order dominant poles closer to the imaginary axis than the fifth-order dominant poles, which means that, possibly, better performances can be achieved. Analytical formulas of a PID controller with a lead-lag filter are derived. Simple tuning rules are also given to achieve the desired robustness, which is measured by the maximum sensitivity (Ms) value. The proposed method can achieve better performances and maintain better performances when there exist parameters’ perturbation compared with other methods. Simulations for various integrating processes as well as the nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) model illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Manipulation of JAK/STAT Signalling by High-Risk HPVs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for HPV-Associated Malignancies
Authors: Morgan Ethan L. , Macdonald Andrew
Published: September 2020

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, DNA viruses that cause around 5% of all cancers in humans, including almost all cervical cancer cases and a significant proportion of anogenital and oral cancers. The HPV oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7 manipulate cellular signalling pathways to evade the immune response and promote virus persistence. The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway has emerged as a key mediator in a wide range of important biological signalling pathways, including cell proliferation, cell survival and the immune response. While STAT1 and STAT2 primarily drive immune signalling initiated by interferons, STAT3 and STAT5 have widely been linked to the survival and proliferative potential of a number of cancers. As such, the inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5 may offer a therapeutic benefit in HPV-associated cancers. In this review, we will discuss how HPV manipulates JAK/STAT signalling to evade the immune system and promote cell proliferation, enabling viral persistence and driving cancer development. We also discuss approaches to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway and how these could potentially be used in the treatment of HPV-associated disease.
Determining Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine Efficacy—The Specific Contribution of Strain Versus Other Vaccine Attributes
Authors: Reemers Sylvia , Sonnemans Denny , Horspool Linda , van Bommel Sander , Cao Qi , van de Zande Saskia
Published: September 2020

Vaccination is an effective tool to limit equine influenza virus (EIV H3N8) infection, a contagious respiratory disease with potentially huge economic impact. The study assessed the effects of antigenic change on vaccine efficacy and the need for strain update. Horses were vaccinated (V1 and V2) with an ISCOMatrix-adjuvanted, whole inactivated virus vaccine (Equilis Prequenza, group 2, FC1 and European strains) or a carbomer-adjuvanted, modified vector vaccine (ProteqFlu, group 3, FC1 and FC2 HA genes). Serology (SRH, HI, VN), clinical signs and viral shedding were assessed in comparison to unvaccinated control horses. The hypothesis was that group 2 (no FC2 vaccine strain) would be less well protected than group 3 following experimental infection with a recent FC2 field strain (A/equi-2/Wexford/14) 4.5 months after vaccination. All vaccinated horses had antibody titres to FC1 and FC2. After challenge, serology increased more markedly in group 3 than in group 2. Vaccinated horses had significantly lower total clinical scores and viral shedding. Unexpectedly, viral RNA shedding was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 3. Vaccination induced protective antibody titres to FC1 and FC2 and reduced clinical signs and viral shedding. The two tested vaccines provided equivalent protection against a recent FC2 EIV field strain.
Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region
Authors: Zheltikov A. , Kostomakhin N. , Adushinov D. , Zaiko O. , Dementev V. , Nezavitin A. , Marenkov V.
Published: September 2020

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.
Milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed depending on the part of Holstein blood
Authors: Shishkina T. , Guseva T. , Galiullin A. , Semikova N.
Published: September 2020

A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of traits of milk productivity of Black-and-White cows with increased the part of Holstein breed blood has been carried out. Two groups have been formed from the number of culling animals of two adjacent generations: the 1st group (basic generation) with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4 (75 %) and the 2nd group with the part of Holstein breed blood of 7/8 (87,5 %) per 35 heads in each. As a result, it has been found that cows with the part of blood of 7/8 had the best indicators of milk productivity for I, II and III lactation. They significantly exceeded the indicators of cows with part of Holstein blood of 3/4 in terms of milk yield and yield of milk fat. The decrease in average daily milk yields for months of lactation in high-blooded cows was lower by 3 %, and the indicator of full-competed lactation was higher by 17,8 %. High-blooded animals have been culled out of the herd more intensively. By the end of the third lactation, the livability of livestock in the 1st group was 100 %, and in the second group – 23 %. The best parameters of productive longevity were distinguished by animals of the basic generation with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4. They signifi cantly surpassed of high-blooded animals in terms of longevity and period of productive longevity, respectively, by 1109 (P < 0,001) and 739 (P < 0,001) days, and in terms of lifetime milk yield – by 14392 kg (P < 0,001). The increase of the part of the blood of cows to 7/8 was carried out using purebred producers of foreign selection, the new generation of high-blooded animals had a relatively high genetic potential. However, 7/8-blooded cows of Holstein breed used it only by 53,4 %, which was by 24,3 % (P < 0,001) lower than the base generation. Thus, in the current environments of CJSC “Konstantinovo” high-blooded animals of Holstein breed do not suffi ciently realize the genetic potential, and the increase in productivity is associated with the loss of milk due to the decrease in the duration of economic use of animals. Based on this, we propose at the present stage to suspend the upgrading crossbreeding and return to the using Holsteinized sires domestic selection with the part of Holstein breed blood of 75 to 85 %.
Inheritance and correlation of productive traits in wool-and-meat producing sheep of different genotypes
Authors: Traisov B. , Yuldashbaev Yu. , Kulmakova N. , Esengaliev K. , Smagulov D.
Published: September 2020

The effectiveness and competitiveness of sheep breeding directly depends on increasing the productivity of animals and improving the quality of products obtained from them, and this has been achieving by targeted breeding using the genetic potential of sheep breeds. The solution to this problem can be implemented through the rational use of breed resources of domestic and imported sheep breeding. Sheep breeding in Kazakhstan is the oldest branch of animal husbandry, which plays a major role in providing the national economy with specifi c types of raw materials and food. Sheep produce the largest amount of various products: wool for diff erent purposes, mutton, fat raw materials, sheep’s milk, sheep skin-fur-leather raw materials, lamb pelts. The whole of Kazakhstan and the West Kazakhstan region are characterized by a wide variety of natural, climatic and economic factors that have a specifi c infl uence on the development of sheep breeding in certain regions. In the West Kazakhstan region breeding work is carried out in a herd of Akzhaik wool-and-meat producing sheep to improve individual productive indicators by using the genetic potential of the gene pool of diff erent semifi ne-wool breeds, so breeding and improvement in order to increase the productivity of Akzhaik meat-wool sheep with double productivity is relevant and has great economic signifi cance. The inheritance and correlation of productive traits in Akzhaik wool-and-meat producing sheep obtained from diff erent mating options have been studied in the paper. It has been established that the inheritance of the main economically useful traits is additive in nature in an intermediate type with minor deviations towards one of the parent forms. The coeffi cients of heritability of live weight, clip, length and fi ber fi neness of wool are within the average values. The highest correlation coeffi cients (0,65–0,70) have been found in all groups between the length and fi ber fi neness of wool.
Polymorphism genes CSN3, PIT-1, PRL, GH in Yaroslavskaya breed of cows in association with the indicators of milk productivity
Authors: Chizhova L. , Mikhailenko A. , Surzhikova E. , Chudnovets A. , Mikhailenko T.
Published: September 2020

A common component of all breeding programs for working with breeds, populations, and herds is to increase the genetic potential, preserve and improve the gene pool of valuable domestic breeds of farm animals, including dairy cattle. Methods of molecular genetics allow us to study, evaluate, and predict breeding, productive traits that persistently transmit and progressively develop in generations. The purpose of these researches was to study the polymorphism of genes: Kappacasein – CSN3, pituitary transcription factor – PIT-1, prolactin – PRL, somatotropin – GH and searching the association of their polymorphic variants with the indicators of dairy productivity of Yaroslavlskaya breed of cows bred in the Stavropol Territory. It has been found by using PCR-PDRF methods that the polymorphism of the studied genes is represented by two alleles: gene CSN3 – alleles CSN3A and CSN3B ; gene PIT-1 – PIT-1A and PIT-1B ; gene PRL – PRLA and PRLB , gene GH – GHL and GHV , and three genotypes – CSN3AA, CSN3BB, CSN3AB; PIT-1AA, PIT-1BB, PIT-1AB; PRLAA, PRLBB, PRLAB; GHLL, GHVV, GHVL, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of selectively signifi cant alleles has been determined, and genotypes of carriers of genetic markers have been identifi ed. It has been found that the specifi c weight of animals carrying genocomplexes of 4 genes and 8 desirable alleles was 0,63, of 4 genes and 7 marker alleles – 3,16, of 4 genes and 6, 5, 4 marker alleles – 20,87 %. Most of the animals (62,7 %) were carriers of genocomplexes of 4, 3, 2 genes and 2 marker alleles. The conclusion has been made about necessity of wide use of genotypes the carriers of genetic markers in the selection process that will ensure gathering in herds of Yaroslavskaya breed of desirable alleles and create conditions for improving the effi ciency of its breeding in the Stavropol Territory.
Lead in hair coat of farm animals in the area tailing dump of Khapcharanginsky ore-dressing and processing enterprise
Authors: Kostomakhin N. , Garmaev B. , Bazaron B.
Published: September 2020

Currently, in the development of the biosphere there is an active evolution of the chemical element composition of matter, due to the anthropogenic load on the natural environment and an increase in the migration of technogenic elements. Scientists have been noted that the leading cause of degradation of the geochemical environment in the Trans-Baikal Territory is the development and exploitation of mineral deposits. For more than three centuries of activity of the mining and industrial complex in Trans-Baikal Territory, areas of technogenic landscapes have been formed, characterized by newly formed geochemical anomalies of toxic elements that have the negative influence on the environment and public health. One of these is the Khapcharanginsky ore-dressing and processing enterprise. The residential stock of the village is located at a distance of 50–100 m from the storage of industrial waste, and some garden plots are directly adjacent to the object. The purpose of the researches is to determine the lead content in the hair coat of farm animals in the area of the tailing dump of Khapcharanginsky ore-dressing and processing enterprise. The research material has been collected in private farms in the village of Khapcheranga in the Kyrinsky area in the Trans-Baikal Territory. Hair samples from cattle (aged 12 months and 3 years) and sheep (ages 1 and 2 years) have been cut from the tip of the tail weight per 10–20 g (n=9). The brief information about lead as an environmental pollutant has been provided in the article. In the studied animals the level of lead in the hair increases. Thus, in cattle with age it increases by 2,2 and in sheep by 1,2 times. The high concentration of this element in the hair coat of animals is associated with the topography of sampling (brush tail) and of course with the habitat of animals directly near the storage of industrial waste.
Factors that determine the livability of the bees of Carpathian breed in winter
Authors: Zelenina O.
Published: September 2020

The livability of the bee colonies in winter is an important breeding characteristic that depends on the breed of bees and paratypical factors such as: weather conditions during the winter and in the summer, the strength of bee colonies, availability of feed, disease and pests of bees, etc. The purpose of this work was to assess the livability of the bee colonies of Carpathian breed in winter under the environments of climatic conditions in the Kaluga region. The object of researches was bee colonies of Carpathian breed in apiary LLC Belyaevo Podvorye, which located at a distance of 30 km from the regional center of Kaluga. During the winter period 2019–2020 the daytime temperature was 4,2 °C higher than last year. The average temperature from November to March was 2,6 °C. The strength of bee colonies before wintering in the fall of 2018 was the average of 9,1 streets that was by 2,1 streets more than in 2019. However, the livability of bee colonies during the winter period of this year was 98,1 % that was by 21,2 % higher than the previous year. The decrease in the strength of the Carpathian bee colonies did not have the negative influence on the wintering result. In the spring of 2019 nine bee colonies were culled and merged. The results, which have been got on the base of the inspection in 2020 one bee family were to be culled. Stocks of feed for bees for the winter of the previous year were completely enough. In the spring of this year eight bee colonies have been fed several times due to insufficient feed supplies. The age of bee queens according to spring examinations for two years was the same: 70 % of queens of the last year of birth and 25–26 % of the year before birth.
Distribution of Metals in Organs and Tissues of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 from Kızılırmak
Authors: YARDIM Öztekin , BAT Levent
Published: September 2020

The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the common carp Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 was monitored to assess the pollution status in Kızılırmak. The common carp samples were captured by local fishermen and were purchased from fish markets in Bafra. Liver, gill, stomach + intestine, skin and muscles of C. carpio were analyzed for Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metal concentrations in the common carp occurred in the order: Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg>Cd. The non-essential metals Cd, Hg and Pb in edible tissues of common carp were below the detection of limits. The muscle tissues had also the lowest concentrations for essential metals. Higher concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb in C. carpio were liver > stomach + intestine > gill > skin > muscle, while the Hg and Cd levels were liver > gill > stomach + intestine > skin > muscle, respectively.
Dönerdere, Yumruklu, Değirmigöl ve Dolutaş Göletlerinin (Van, Türkiye) Su Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ATICI Ataman Altuğ
Published: September 2020

Kapalı bir havza özelliğinde olan Van Gölü Havzası içerisinde birçok gölet kaynağı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Dönerdere, Yumruklu, Dolutaş ve Değirmigöl Göletleri (Van)’nin su kalitesi özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada göletlere ait sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, oksijen doygunluğu, tuzluluk, elektriksel iletkenlik ve pH ortalama değerleri sırasıyla 17.9±0.6 (16.2-19.1)°C, 8.27±0.3 (7.47-9.15) mg/L, %114.1±4.7 (105.4-127.6), ‰0.32±0.0 (0.27-0.37), 559.5±39.7 (482-662) μS/cm ve 8.88±0.1 (8.68-9.00) olarak ölçülmüştür. Örnek sularında ağır metallerden alüminyum ve bakır belirlenmezken, diğer ağır metal ortalama seviyeleri Mn> Mo> Co> Zn> Fe> Ni>Cr şeklinde olmuştur. Su örneklerinde klorür, kalsiyum, magnezyum, toplam sertlik, karbonat, bikarbonat, toplam alkalinite, nitrit, nitrat, fosfat, fosfor, sülfat, florür, siyanür, bulanıklık, askıda katı madde ve silisyum analizleri de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili su kalite yönetmeliklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir.
Creencias acerca de las Matemáticas en los alumnos de Mecatrónica de la Universidad Tecnológica del Norte de Aguascalientes
Authors: GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ Juan Carlos , DELGADO-RUIZ ESPARZA Virginia , DEL VALLE-ÁVILA Paula Carmina , MARTÍNEZ-MARTÍNEZ Malinali Xochiquetzal
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the beliefs about Mathematics in Mechatronics students of the Technological University of North Aguascalientes. The analysis of students' belief systems is important because they are part of the factors that can affect their performance in the subjects of the area of mathematics, both positively and negatively. This research makes an adaptation of the MRBQ questionnaire, which has been used and validated to analyze beliefs in students in previous research; This instrument allows us to analyze belief systems based on the analysis of four factors, which are what the research background shows as the most influential in students' belief systems. The main contribution of the research is the approach they have for the study of beliefs about mathematics in Technological Universities, as well as a first adaptation of the questionnaire used in the context of said educational subsystem, laying the foundations for subsequent research that allow Expand knowledge about beliefs.
Quality inspection and prediction of the comfort of fabrics finished
with functional polymers
Authors: G.TADESSE MELKIE , LOGHIN EMIL-CONSTANTIN , NIERSTRASZ VINCENT , LOGHIN MARIA-CARMEN
Published: September 2020

Textile’s primary hand (HV) and total hand values (THV) are very important parameters and are used to identify the
quality of clothing comfort. This paper aims to predict the HV and THV of the fabrics finished with functional polymers
by applying Kawabata’s translation equations. The mechanical properties were achieved using Kawabata’s fabric
evaluation system (KES-F) and the inference/interpretation was drawn. Then, HV and THV predictions were performed
by applying Kawabata’s translation equations of the KN-101 and KN-301 series. The KES-F result confirmed that it is
possible to observe the operative finishing effect on the mechanical properties of fabrics. The prediction results show
that the total quality comfort of the functional fabrics could able be estimated by the equation developed by Kawabata;
the calculated errors (~0.66) were within the range of the standard deviations (~0.78) of the samples between the
predicted and ranked THV. The experimental and the calculated primary hand values showed strong correlation
coefficients up to ~0.98 which is significant at 0.001 confidence levels. As actual functional fabrics with various surface
properties were provided to estimate their tactile comfort via the equations, the result verified that the equation is reliable
for the tactile comfort evaluation and grading.
ETHNOLINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UDMURT REPUBLIC RESIDENTS (ACCORDING TO POPULATION CENSUSES)
Authors: Vorontsov V.S.
Published: September 2020

The article indicates the ethnolinguistic characteristics of the people of the Udmurt Republic based on the censuses information. It is known that in countries with a multi-ethnic composition of the population, language problems remain one of the most delicate and painful. In the Udmurt Republic, issues related to language policy, preservation and development of the Udmurt language, and the teaching of native languages in educational institutions hold relevance in academic literature and the media, and are discussed at scientific events, in government bodies, and national-cultural organizations. Meanwhile, in the post-Soviet period, censuses are the only source that can reliably determine the number of speakers of different languages. According to the author, due to a number of reasons, inaccuracies were made when collecting information on the linguistic characteristics of Russian citizens during the 2010 census. Therefore, in anticipation of the All-Russian Population Census 2020, it is necessary to analyze once again the experience of conducting and the results of past censuses in order to collect high-quality, reliable ethnolinguistic information. In our opinion, the experience of the 2015 micro-census is especially useful when new questionnaires and methods for collecting information have been tested. The author believes that part of the “ethnic and linguistic problems” can be resolved by giving citizens the right to indicate complex (dual) ethnicity and two native languages during the census.
Designing warm – mix asphalt with the zeolite addition
Authors: Woszuk Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the design of warm-mix asphalt. One way to reduce the temperature of bituminous mix is the use of zeolite. The article shows the lack of differences in designing WMA recipe with zeolite addition compared to the HMA.
The influence of environmental thermal radiation on the results of thermographic investigation of buildings
Authors: Nowak Henryk
Published: September 2020

Thermal diagnostics of building objects, mainly of residential buildings is currently realized with the standard method of thermographic examinations which enables the search the state of the thermal insulation of building envelope, the location of thermal bridges, defects in installations of different types, places of the moisture of barriers and the excessive infiltration of air. However, the operator of the IR-camera must have the solid knowledge in the range of thermograms interpretation. Thermal radiation of the outside environment is one of many factors affecting the results of thermal imaging measurements. The article presents a general description of the thermal radiation influence of the outside environment on buildings, the importance of radiative cooling of building envelope and the influence of this radiation on thermal imaging inspections of buildings and on interpretation of thermograms.
The experimental research on the random variability in the local strength of the selected aluminum alloys
Authors: Ferenc Justyna
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the results of the experimental  research on mechanical properties of selected aluminum alloys, representative of the heat treated alloys (6xxx series) and the strengthened one from cold working only alloys (5xxx series). Results of laboratory tests, which describe the local changes of the strength characteristics of Re, Rm and Young’s modulus E, indicate that variability in the local characteristics of the bars are oscillations around the average values along the axis of the bars. A mathematical model for describing this type of variation is random noise, or random fluctuations around a central value.
Corrosion processes in cooling towers
Authors: Szymura Teresa , Adamczyk Wojciech
Published: September 2020

Corrosion testing was performed on structural steel of a cooling tower in the environment of cooling water containing ammonium sulfates and ammonium chloride. The test were performed using gravimetric and electrochemical methods with the application of a potentiostat. The analyses clearly showed that the corrosion rate is higher in solutions that contain ammonium sulfate and that the S235JRG2 steel exhibits higher corrosion resistance in this environment.
Wind influence on the flow inside the road tunnels in the case of the fire
Authors: Sztarbała Grzegorz
Published: September 2020

An important factor in ensuring the fire safety of a construction works, such as a tunnel, is the effective evacuation of smoke and heat to allow people to evacuate and enable to fight a fire. In short tunnels natural ventilation is used, where the flow of air is caused by natural convection phenomena and weather conditions. The results of this research show that the stratification phenomenon in naturally ventilated tunnels occurs in windless conditions only. Flow blockage was observed for a wind angle equal to 90°, causing smoke and heat to remain in the tunnel. The use of natural ventilation to remove smoke and heat from short tunnels is inappropriate due to the ineffective functioning, in the case of the fire and wind action.
A szcenárióelemzésen alapuló haderőfejlesztés lehetséges módszere az MH képességfejlesztése érdekében
Authors: Pölöskei János
Published: September 2020

A szerző írásában az általános morfológiai elemzést és a NATO alternatív elemzést felhasználva mutatja be a lehetséges jövőbeni szcenáriók alapvető tényezőinek meghatározását. E tényezők meghatározásával felállíthatók a katonai képességekre vo-natkozó megállapítások, melyek lehetővé teszik a jövő kihívásaira minden szinten megfelelni tudó haderő kialakítását.
Customer Preferences of Offline Store Atmosphere of Berry Benka with Conjoint Analysis Method
Authors:   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia., Jessica Magdalena , Darmawan Andy ,   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia, David  ,   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia., Suci Rumondang Puji Nur ,   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Published: September 2020

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES, to determine the customer preferences about how the ideal store looks like according to many aspects such as Exterior, General Interior, Store Layout, and Interior Display. RESEARCH METHODS that used is Conjoint analysis method. ANALYSIS using this Conjoint method can know which aspects among the components that have the most value and the combination as what is expected by the customer. RESULT ACHIEVED is generally for some aspects Berrybenka’s Offline Store have met customer expectation but not fully compliant. CONCLUSIONS that can be generated is the result can be used as reference data for the company to develop its store to maximize their performance. (MJ, AD, D).
Quality Control of Margarine Production by Applying Six Sigma Method in PT. XYZ
Authors:   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia., Oscar Beatrix , Marten Billy ,   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia., Jenifer  ,   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia., Triady Mochamad Sandy ,   Management Department, BINUS Business School Undergraduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Published: September 2020

This research took place in PT. XYZ, Jakarta. The purposes of this research are to know which sigma company has reached this level, the factors that can cause defective products and the best solutions to reduce the number of faulty products. This research is using qualitative methods to collect data. A data analysis method used in this research is Six Sigma DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control). The result from this research showed that the company's sigma level is in 3.53 for mc margarine and 3.52 for GB margarine, the main factor that causes the defective product in PT. XYZ is a misstep when adding the ingredients and the emulsifiers, which is caused by the workers (man). Recommended actions that were given by the researcher s are the implementation of the 5S system and Signboard Strategy, the which is making an indication or an explanation about the place, name of supporting materials, and the amount of supporting documents adding in the making of margarine production.
Smart Solution for Agriculture Leaf Disease
Authors:   MTech Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, CSMSS, Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India., Chavan Rajlaxmi , Rawate A. M. ,   Head of Department, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, CSMSS, Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India., Paymode A. S. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, CSMSS, Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India.
Published: September 2020

Agriculture is a very broad term encompassing all aspects of crop production,Livestock farming, Fisheries, Forestry etc. It may be defined as the art, the science and the business of producing crops and livestock for man’s use and employment. Agriculture is influenced by a large number of factors, some of which can be controlled by man(soil and irrigation) which others are beyond the control(climate). As we know Population pressure is increasing but area under cultivation is static, therefore more number of crops have to be grown on the same piece of land to increase the yield. As a result, intensive cropping has come into practice. for this purpose we are using the system which is pocket friendly as well as effective to the farmers. Through which they can get accurate information about their crop plants
Performance of Self Compacting Concrete Replaced with Saturated Recycled Aggregate
Authors:   P.G scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Academy of Science and Technology, Thrissur, Kerala, India., Viswanath Vivek K. , P Vilas Sankar K. ,   Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nizwa, Oman., S Abhilasha P. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Academy of Science and Technology, Thrissur., Alosta M. ,   Laboratory Instructor, University of Nizwa, Oman.
Published: September 2020

The use of recycled aggregate in any concrete saves the virgin coarse and fine aggregates to create for the production of concrete. This concept will deliver an ecofriendly, reduced eviction of natural resources and produce a green concrete concept. Coarse aggregate consists of more than 60% of total volume in ordinary concrete but only 40% is required for Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) by weight. Demolished concrete wastes which are crushed and sieved to the size are used as substitute for natural coarse aggregates. In this paper natural coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete is replaced with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% & 100% recycled aggregates in mix design. Furthermore, a detailed study on workability and hardened properties of specially proportioned mixes are also carried out and satisfactory results are obtained. Thus the derived SCC can come up with reduced CO2 emissions, economical and energy saving with all additional well-known advantages of fluid concrete.
Assess Reliability Parameters of an Electronic Voting Machine using a Neural Network Technique
Authors:   Department of Applied Sciences, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India., Batra C. M. , Gupta Ritu ,   Department of Applied Sciences, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India., Ekata  ,   Department of Applied Sciences, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India
Published: September 2020

The structure of Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is an interconnected network of discrete components that record and count the votes of voters. The EVM system consists of four main subsystems which are Mother board of computer, Voting keys, Database storage system, power supply (AC and DC) along with various conditions of functioning as well as deficiency. The deficiency or failure of system is due to its components (hardware), software and human mismanagement. It is essential to reduce complexity of interconnected components and increase system reliability. Reliability analysis helps to identify technical situations that may affect the system and to predict the life of the system in future. The aim of this research paper is to analyze the reliability parameters of an EVM system using one of the approaches of computational intelligence, the neural network (NN). The probabilistic equations of system states and other reliability parameters are established for the proposed EVM model using neural network approach. It is useful for predicting various reliability parameters and improves the accuracy and consistency of parameters. To guarantee the reliability of the system, Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) architecture is used to learn a mechanism that can update the weights which produce optimal parameters values. Numerical examples are considered to authenticate the results of reliability, unreliability and profit function. To minimize the error and optimize the output in the form of reliability using gradient descent method, authors iterate repeatedly till the precision of 0.0001 error using MATLAB code. These parameters are of immense help in real time applications of Electronic Voting Machine during elections.