bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Toxin and Gastric Cancer
Authors: McClain Mark , Beckett Amber , Cover Timothy
Published: October 2017

Helicobacter pylori VacA is a channel-forming toxin unrelated to other known bacterial toxins. Most H. pylori strains contain a vacA gene, but there is marked variation among strains in VacA toxin activity. This variation is attributable to strain-specific variations in VacA amino acid sequences, as well as variations in the levels of VacA transcription and secretion. In this review, we discuss epidemiologic studies showing an association between specific vacA allelic types and gastric cancer, as well as studies that have used animal models to investigate VacA activities relevant to gastric cancer. We also discuss the mechanisms by which VacA-induced cellular alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
Using the HSPF and SWMM Models in a High Pervious Watershed and Estimating Their Parameter Sensitivity
Authors: Tsai Lin-Yi , Chen Chi-Feng , Fan Chi-Hsuan , Lin Jen-Yang
Published: October 2017

Models are necessary tools for watershed management. However, applying watershed models is time consuming and requires technical knowledge, including model selection and validation. The objective of this study is to assess two commonly used watershed models and their parameter sensitivity to reduce model loadings and to gain a better understanding of the model performances. The Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) were applied to a mostly forested Taiwanese reservoir watershed with pollution from tea plantations. Statistical analysis showed that both models are suitable for the studied watershed, but the performances of the flow and water quality simulations are different. The mean flow simulated by SWMM was lower than the experimental observations. The HSPF model performed better, possibly because the soil in the study area is highly permeable and the HSPF model has more precise soil layer calculations. SWMM may underestimate the total phosphorous (TP) and suspended solid (SS) loads following small storm events in highly permeable watersheds. The Latin Hypercube-One factor At a Time (LH-OAT) method was used to determine the parameter sensitivity of the HSPF model and SWMM. In both of the models, the parameters related to infiltration and soil characteristics strongly affected the flow simulation, except when using the Horton infiltration method in the SWMM. Manning’s roughness coefficient for pervious areas was more sensitive in SWMM than in the HSPF model because SWMM has fewer parameters.
Comparative Analysis of ANN and SVM Models Combined with Wavelet Preprocess for Groundwater Depth Prediction
Authors: Zhou Ting , Wang Faxin , Yang Zhi
Published: October 2017

Reliable prediction of groundwater depth fluctuations has been an important component in sustainable water resources management. In this study, a data-driven prediction model combining discrete wavelet transform (DWT) preprocess and support vector machine (SVM) was proposed for groundwater depth forecasting. Regular artificial neural networks (ANN), regular SVM, and wavelet preprocessed artificial neural networks (WANN) models were also developed for comparison. These methods were applied to the monthly groundwater depth records over a period of 37 years from ten wells in the Mengcheng County, China. Relative absolute error (RAE), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) were adopted for model evaluation. The results indicate that wavelet preprocess extremely improved the training and test performance of ANN and SVM models. The WSVM model provided the most precise and reliable groundwater depth prediction compared with ANN, SVM, and WSVM models. The criterion of RAE, r, RMSE, and NSE values for proposed WSVM model are 0.20, 0.97, 0.18 and 0.94, respectively. Comprehensive comparisons and discussion revealed that wavelet preprocess extremely improves the prediction precision and reliability for both SVM and ANN models. The prediction result of SVM model is superior to ANN model in generalization ability and precision. Nevertheless, the performance of WANN is superior to SVM model, which further validates the power of data preprocess in data-driven prediction models. Finally, the optimal model, WSVM, is discussed by comparing its subseries performances as well as model performance stability, revealing the efficiency and universality of WSVM model in data driven prediction field.
Streamflow and Sediment Yield Prediction for Watershed Prioritization in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Gebiaw , Teshale Engidasew , Yu Bofu , Rutherfurd Ian , Jeong Jaehak
Published: October 2017

Inappropriate use of land and poor ecosystem management have accelerated land degradation and reduced the storage capacity of reservoirs. To mitigate the effect of the increased sediment yield, it is important to identify erosion-prone areas in a 287 km2 catchment in Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the spatial variability of sediment yield; (2) quantify the amount of sediment delivered into the reservoir; and (3) prioritize sub-catchments for watershed management using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using SUFI-2, GLUE, ParaSol, and PSO SWAT-CUP optimization algorithms. For most of the SWAT-CUP simulations, the observed and simulated river discharge were not significantly different at the 95% level of confidence (95PPU), and sources of uncertainties were captured by bracketing more than 70% of the observed data. This catchment prioritization study indicated that more than 85% of the sediment was sourced from lowland areas (slope range: 0–8%) and the variation in sediment yield was more sensitive to the land use and soil type prevailing in the area regardless of the terrain slope. Contrary to the perception of the upland as an important source of sediment, the lowland in fact was the most important source of sediment and should be the focus area for improved land management practice to reduce sediment delivery into storage reservoirs. The research also showed that lowland erosion-prone areas are typified by extensive agriculture, which causes significant modification of the landscape. Tillage practice changes the infiltration and runoff characteristics of the land surface and interaction of shallow groundwater table and saturation excess runoff, which in turn affects the delivery of water and sediment to the reservoir and catchment evapotranspiration.
Development and Usability of a Smartphone Application for Tracking Antiretroviral Medication Refill Data for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Zambo Dikai , Moyo Dumisani , Tanthuma Gobe , Chapman Jennifer , Re Vincent Lo , Graziani Amelia , Lowenthal Elizabeth , Hanrahan Nancy , Littman-Quinn Ryan , Kovarik Carrie , Albarracin Dolores , Holmes John H. , Gross Robert , Coppock Dagan
Published: October 2017

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral medication leads to HIV suppression and decreased morbidity and mortality. In resource- limited settings, the dependence on paper medical charts and unstable electronic health records creates a challenge to monitoring medication adherence. A pharmacy-based strategy that utilizes existing cellular phone infrastructure may lead to a more stable system to monitor adherence.

Objectives: To develop and evaluate the usability of a smartphone-based software application (app) for tracking antiretroviral medication refill data in a resource-limited setting.

Methods: A pharmacy-based smartphone app for tracking HIV medication adherence was developed through a multi-step rapid prototyping process. The usability of the app was assessed during the daily activities of pharmacy dispensers at HIV clinics in and around Gaborone, Botswana using a validated computer usability survey.

Results: The study demonstrated the effective development of and favorable end-user responses to a pharmacy-based HIV medication adherence app. End users had suggestions for minor changes to improve the app’s functionality.

Conclusions: In resource-limited settings where electronic health record support is limited, such a system was feasible and appealing. In the future, this system may allow for improved HIV medication adherence tracking and be applied to medications beyond antiretrovirals.
Novel approach to hydroxy-group-containing porous organic polymers from bisphenol A
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhao Yan-Chao , Zhang Li-Min , Cui Yi , Zhang Chang-Shan , Han Bao-Hang
Published: October 2017

We successfully employed bisphenol A and several different formyl-containing monomers as useful building blocks to construct a series of hydroxy-group-containing porous organic polymers in a sealed tube at high temperature. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy are utilized to characterize the possible structure of the obtained polymers. The highest Brunauer–Emmet–Teller specific surface area of the phenolic-resin porous organic polymers (PPOPs) is estimated to be 920 m2 g–1. The PPOPs exhibit a highest carbon dioxide uptake (up to 15.0 wt % (273 K) and 8.8 wt % (298 K) at 1.0 bar), and possess moderate hydrogen storage capacities ranging from 1.28 to 1.04 wt % (77 K) at 1.0 bar. Moreover, the highest uptake of methane for the PPOPs is measured as 4.3 wt % (273 K) at 1.0 bar.
Polarimetric Study of Near-Earth Asteroid (1566) Icarus
Authors: Ishiguro Masateru , Kuroda Daisuke , Watanabe Makoto , Bach Yoonsoo P. , Kim Jooyeon , Lee Mingyeong , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Naito Hiroyuki , Ohtsuka Katsuhito , Hanayama Hidekazu , Hasegawa Sunao , Usui Fumihiko , Urakawa Seitaro , Imai Masataka , Sato Mitsuteru , Kuramoto Kiyoshi
Published: October 2017

We conducted a polarimetric observation of the fast-rotating near-Earth asteroid (1566) Icarus at large phase (Sun–asteroid–observer’s) angles α = 57°–141° around the 2015 summer solstice. We found that the maximum values of the linear polarization degree are P
max = 7.32 ± 0.25% at phase angles of α
max = 124° ± 8° in the V-band and P
max = 7.04 ± 0.21% at α
max = 124° ± 6° in the R
C-band. Applying the polarimetric slope–albedo empirical law, we derived a geometric albedo of p
V = 0.25 ± 0.02, which is in agreement with that of Q-type taxonomic asteroids. α
max is unambiguously larger than that of Mercury, the Moon, and another near-Earth S-type asteroid (4179) Toutatis but consistent with laboratory samples with hundreds of microns in size. The combination of the maximum polarization degree and the geometric albedo is in accordance with terrestrial rocks with a diameter of several hundreds of micrometers. The photometric function indicates a large macroscopic roughness. We hypothesize that the unique environment (i.e., the small perihelion distance q = 0.187 au and a short rotational period of T
rot = 2.27 hr) may be attributed to the paucity of small grains on the surface, as indicated on (3200) Phaethon.
The Scattering Outcomes of Kepler Circumbinary Planets: Planet Mass Ratio
Authors: Gong Yan-Xiang , Ji Jianghui
Published: October 2017

Recent studies reveal that the free eccentricities of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b are much larger than their forced eccentricities, implying that scattering events may take place in their formation. The observed orbital configuration of Kepler-34b cannot be well reproduced in disk-driven migration models, whereas a two-planet scattering scenario can play a significant role of shaping the planetary configuration. These studies indicate that circumbinary planets discovered by Kepler may have experienced scattering process. In this work, we extensively investigate the scattering outcomes of circumbinary planets focusing on the effects of planet mass ratio. We find that the planetary mass ratio and the the initial relative locations of planets act as two important parameters that affect the eccentricity distribution of the surviving planets. As an application of our model, we discuss the observed orbital configurations of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b. We first adopt the results from the disk-driven models as the initial conditions, then simulate the scattering process that occurs in the late evolution stage of circumbinary planets. We show that the present orbital configurations of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b can be well reproduced when considering a two unequal-mass planet ejection model. Our work further suggests that some of the currently discovered circumbinary single-planet systems may be survivors of original multiple-planet systems. The disk-driven migration and scattering events occurring in the late stage both play an irreplaceable role in sculpting the final systems.
Near-UV OH Prompt Emission in the Innermost Coma of 103P/Hartley 2
Authors: La Forgia Fiorangela , Bodewits Dennis , A’Hearn Michael F. , Protopapa Silvia , Kelley Michael S. P. , Sunshine Jessica , Feaga Lori , Farnham Tony
Published: October 2017

The Deep Impact spacecraft flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2 occurred on 2010 November 4, 1 week after perihelion with a closest approach (CA) distance of about 700 km. We used narrowband images obtained by the Medium Resolution Imager on board the spacecraft to study the gas and dust in the innermost coma. We derived an overall dust reddening of 15%/100 nm between 345 and 749 nm and identified a blue enhancement in the dust coma in the sunward direction within 5 km from the nucleus, which we interpret as a localized enrichment in water ice. OH column density maps show an anti-sunward enhancement throughout the encounter, except for the highest-resolution images, acquired at CA, where a radial jet becomes visible in the innermost coma, extending up to 12 km from the nucleus. The OH distribution in the inner coma is very different from that expected for a fragment species. Instead, it correlates well with the water vapor map derived by the HRI-IR instrument on board Deep Impact. Radial profiles of the OH column density and derived water production rates show an excess of OH emission during CA that cannot be explained with pure fluorescence. We attribute this excess to a prompt emission process where photodissociation of H2O directly produces excited OH*(A
2Σ+) radicals. Our observations provide the first direct imaging of near-UV prompt emission of OH. We therefore suggest the use of a dedicated filter centered at 318.8 nm to directly trace the water in the coma of comets.
A Reverse Shock and Unusual Radio Properties in GRB 160625B
Authors: Alexander K. D. , Laskar T. , Berger E. , Guidorzi C. , Dichiara S. , Fong W. , Gomboc A. , Kobayashi S. , Kopac D. , Mundell C. G. , Tanvir N. R. , Williams P. K. G.
Published: October 2017

We present multi-wavelength observations and modeling of the exceptionally bright long γ-ray burst GRB 160625B. The optical and X-ray data are well fit by synchrotron emission from a collimated blastwave with an opening angle of

and kinetic energy of

erg, propagating into a low-density (

cm−3) medium with a uniform profile. The forward shock is sub-dominant in the radio band; instead, the radio emission is dominated by two additional components. The first component is consistent with emission from a reverse shock, indicating an initial Lorentz factor of

and an ejecta magnetization of

. The second component exhibits peculiar spectral and temporal evolution and is most likely the result of scattering of the radio emission by the turbulent Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM). Such scattering is expected in any sufficiently compact extragalactic source and has been seen in GRBs before, but the large amplitude and long duration of the variability seen here are qualitatively more similar to extreme scattering events previously observed in quasars, rather than normal interstellar scintillation effects. High-cadence, broadband radio observations of future GRBs are needed to fully characterize such effects, which can sensitively probe the properties of the ISM and must be taken into account before variability intrinsic to the GRB can be interpreted correctly.
Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis
Authors: Kuo Chao-Lin
Published: October 2017

NASA’s latest MERRA-2 reanalysis of the modern satellite measurements has made atmospheric data easily accessible with unprecedented uniformity, fidelity, and completeness. In this paper, these data are used to evaluate five sites for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) observations. These include two established sites (South Pole and Chajnantor, Atacama), and three new sites (Ali in Tibet, Dome A in Antarctica, and Summit Camp in Greenland). Atmospheric properties including precipitable water vapor (PWV), sky brightness temperature fluctuations, and ice and liquid water paths are derived and compared. Dome A emerges to be the best among those evaluated, with PWV and fluctuations smaller than the second-best site, South Pole, by more than a factor of 2. It is found that the higher site in Ali (6100 m) is on par with Cerro Chajnantor (5612 m) in terms of transmission and stability. The lower site in Ali (5250 m) planned for the first stage of observations at 90/150 GHz provides conditions comparable to those on the Chajnantor Plateau. These analyses confirm Ali to be an excellent mm-wave site in the Northern Hemisphere that will complement well-established Southern sites. According to MERRA-2 data, the observing conditions at Summit Camp are also comparable to Cerro Chajnantor. However, it is more affected by the presence of liquid water clouds.
Probing the Hot X-Ray Gas in the Narrow-line Region of Mrk 3
Authors: Bogdán Ákos , Kraft Ralph P. , Evans Daniel A. , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Forman William R.
Published: October 2017

We study the prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy, Markarian 3, based on imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy observations taken by Chandra. We construct a deconvolved X-ray image, which reveals the S-shaped morphology of the hot gas in the narrow-line region (NLR). While this morphology is similar to the radio and [O iii] emission, the distribution of the X-ray gas is broader than that obtained at these other wavelengths. By mapping the density and temperature distribution of the hot gas in the NLR, we demonstrate the presence of shocks toward the west (

) and east (

). Moreover, we compute the flux ratios between the [O iii] and 0.5–2 keV band X-ray luminosity and show that it is nonuniform in the NLR, with the western side of the NLR being more highly ionized. In addition, based on the Chandra grating data, we investigate the line ratios of the Si xiii triplet, which are not consistent with pure photoionization. Based on these results, we suggest that in the NLR of Mrk 3 both photoionization and collisional ionization act as excitation mechanisms. We conclude that the canonical picture, in which photoionization is solely responsible for exciting the interstellar medium in the NLR of Seyfert galaxies, may be overly simplistic. Given that weak and small-scale radio jets are commonly detected in Seyfert galaxies, it is possible that shock heating plays a non-negligible role in the NLR of these galaxies.
Primary HIV Infection in Patients with Acute Hepatitis B: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Binda Francesca , Monge Elisa , Simonetti Francesco R , Zanchetta Nadia , Galli Massimo , Milazzo Laura , Corbellino Mario , Antinori Spinello
Published: October 2017

We describe two patients admitted to our institution with a diagnosis of sexually acquired acute hepatitis B who also had underlying hyper acute HIV infection. Both individuals reported high rates of condomless sex. Antiviral therapy active against HBV and HIV was started within days after diagnosis. Treatment was well tolerated and led to a rapid control of both infections and hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion. The efficacy and safety of contemporary antiretroviral drug combinations suggest that treatment of acute HIV infection is feasible in patients with acute hepatitis B.
Déclin et renouveau de l’analyse de classe dans la sociologie britannique, 1945-2016
Authors: Savage Mike , Wirth Françoise
Published: October 2017

Cet article explique les raisons de la renaissance de l’analyse de classe au sein de la sociologie britannique au cours des vingt dernières années et replace ce phénomène dans le contexte de plus long terme qui est celui du développement de la sociologie au Royaume-Uni depuis 1945. Il montre comment la question de la classe a été centrale dans le développement de la discipline après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mais sous une forme qui faisait de l’ouvrier blanc la figure centrale de la « classe ouvrière ». À partir des années 1970, l’attention prêtée à cette figure s’est révélée problématique pour l’analyse de classe dans la mesure où ce point de vue semblait rendre la désindustrialisation, l’immigration et de nouveaux rapports de genres apparaissaient moins pertinents. L’article suggère que l’approche de classe « structurale » associée à John Goldthorpe et à ses collaborateurs est parvenue à défendre un modèle de classe relativement attractif, mais qui limitait la focale de l’analyse de classe. La dernière section de l’article montre comment au cours des deux dernières décennies, la sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu a été une contribution particulièrement importante qui a produit une approche riche et multidimensionnelle de l’analyse de classe. Il indique comment le succès avec lequel la Great British Class Survey a contribué à alimenter des discussions publiques au sujet de la classe inspiré par ces courants.
Comparer les classes populaires en France et au Portugal
Authors: Borges Pereira Virgílio , Siblot Yasmine
Published: October 2017

Cet article vise à expliciter les difficultés rencontrées lors de la comparaison entre des travaux portant sur les classes populaires en France, et sur les mondes ouvriers au Portugal, tout en soulignant le caractère fructueux d’une telle confrontation intellectuelle. Les travaux discutés démontrent bien dans les deux cas la pertinence de l’analyse des positions et rapports de classe pour comprendre les inégalités sociales. Cependant, et la structure des espaces sociaux et la manière de définir les classes et de les identifier empiriquement ne sont pas identiques. D’un côté, la structure des emplois, le poids respectif de l’industrie et du monde rural, les politiques de scolarisation, la place de l’État ou encore les pratiques migratoires diffèrent. De l’autre, des formes de catégorisation distinctes sont mobilisées pour penser le monde social. C’est particulièrement manifeste en ce qui concerne les classes populaires. Alors que la sociologie française opère un élargissement progressif depuis la sociologie de la classe ouvrière vers la sociologie des classes populaires, tendant à rapprocher dans les analyses les mondes ouvriers et employés, ces deux univers sociaux demeurent largement séparés dans la sociologie portugaise.
Raconter l’histoire d’une famille algérienne en France
Authors: Beaud Stéphane
Published: October 2017

Comment saisir les effets contrastés d’une expérience migratoire sur plusieurs générations ? Sans se substituer aux données statistiques, les enquêtes ethnographiques s’avèrent particulièrement révélatrices, y compris sur les conditions de leur réalisation. C’est ce que montre Stéphane Beaud en revenant sur celles d’une enquête au long cours auprès d’une famille dont les parents sont venus d’Algérie en France, révélant au passage la subtilité des relations entre le sociologue et « ses » enquêtés ainsi que les effets de la recherche sur ces derniers.
Les politiques migratoires en Europe
Authors: Hamidi Camille , Fischer Nicolas
Published: October 2017

Les politiques migratoires apparaissent particulièrement saillantes dans le débat public contemporain. Une mise en perspective historique permet de caractériser les nouveautés en la matière. Nous examinerons ensuite les modèles d’analyse permettant d’expliquer leur production. Par politiques migratoires, on entend l’« ensemble des politiques, des acteurs et des institutions qui régissent l’admission et l’intégration des migrants étrangers dans le pays d’accueil » [1, p. 454]. On se concentrera sur les politiques d’accueil, de séjour et d’asile – quand bien même l’asile relève théoriquement de problématiques différentes [2] –, et les politiques répressives, laissant de côté les politiques d’intégration et de gestion des droits des minorités 1  .
Faut-il abandonner la théorie économique
Authors: Piluso Nicolas
Published: October 2017

Nombreux sont les économistes à avoir tenté de rendre intelligible l’origine de la monnaie. La théorie de la valeur (approches classique, néoclassique ou marxiste) et l’approche chartaliste se sont longtemps opposées. De nouvelles approches ont émergé, aussi bien du côté de l’approche néoclassique standard que des approches hétérodoxes (avec, par exemple, la théorie d’Aglietta-Orléan ou la théorie post-keynésienne). Nous prenons dans cet article deux exemples de théories récentes, à savoir les modèles de prospection monétaire et la théorie néo-chartaliste, pour donner un élément de réponse à la question de savoir s’il est utile ou non de chercher à rendre compte de l’origine de la monnaie au sein de la théorie économique.
The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study
Authors: Adamberg K. , Kolk K. , Jaagura M. , Vilu R. , Adamberg S.
Published: October 2017

The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. The multiauxic power-time curves obtained were substrate-specific. More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. The final metabolite patterns were in accordance with the microbiota changes. For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota.
Effects of concurrent training on physical health and performance
Authors: Jha P. , Khurana S. , Ali K. , Ahmad I. , Verma S.
Published: October 2017

The primary objective of this narrative review was to evaluate the current literature and to provide further insight into the role of concurrent training on various components of physical health or performance. Literature was obtained by electronic searches of databases using specific keywords. Combined effect of training sessions proved to be as beneficial as drug interactions. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies are reviewed and discussed with main focus on physical parameters, such as body composition, physiological parameters, molecular adaptation, athlete’s perspective, order of execution, interference phenomena and recovery. In conclusion, concurrent resistance and endurance training is an effective method for enhancing overall fitness as well as improving quality of life.
Study on Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Machinery and Production
Authors: Brugger Martin , Götz Georg , Richter Christoph , Reinhart Gunther
Published: October 2017

Increasing energy costs, the change from conventional to renewable energy sources and the growing awareness of green production, especially in Germany, are crucial challenges for society and for industry. Renewable energy sources, especially solar and wind power, lead to a limited and volatile energy supply. Therefore, energy is no longer a resource which is available and ready on demand in the future. This change in energy supply hugely influences the production and industrial processes and is leading to alternative forms of production. There are high potentials in terms of energy efficiency and energy flexibility to master the described challenges. This paper presents an overview of the current state of the art in energy efficient and, especially, energy flexible production. The focus is on new aspects caused by the changes in production processes. Furthermore, research action fields concerning the energy flexibility of production machines are shown and explained through a practical example.
Coupled Thermal and Fluid Mechanical Modeling of a High Speed Motor Spindle
Authors: Koch Lukas , Müller Julian , Michos Gordana , Paulus Johannes , Hubert Markus , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2017

The objective of this survey is to evolve a better understanding of the complex thermal interactions inside a motor spindle. Therefore, the thermal behavior is investigated based on a simulation model and experiments. In contrast to existing simulation models, which either performed a complex thermal examination or an elaborate flow-mechanical analysis, a thermal (Finite Element Method) and fluid mechanical (Computational Fluid Dynamics) coupled simulation model was developed. Based on a comparative analysis, the usability of the currently available boundary conditions is scrutinized.
Numerical Evaluation of Heat Transfer from Rotating Discs Separated by Sealing Elements
Authors: Praß Julian , Reinelt Mario , Franke Jörg , Becker Stefan
Published: October 2017

Process waste heat recovery has been gaining attention in last decades in order to use resourcesefficiently. Even though the mechanisms of heat transfer in static systems such as cross flow heatexchangers are well understood, the situation is totally different for the heat transfer mechanisms insystems consisting of parallel, rotating discs. The situation becomes even more complex when sealingelements prevent fluid from following the natural path in rotational direction. In this work ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations using the k-omega-SST turbulence model were performedfor various disc radii, rotational and cross flow velocities as well as disc spacings. Simulations wereexecuted for rotational Reynolds numbers Re! ranging from 94,094 to 435,623 and cross flow Reynoldsnumbers ReU between 3,993 and 36,052. In this paper we show the correlation of resultingflow structures, temperature distribution and resulting heat transfer from multiple rotating discs. Resultsfrom simulations of several different geometrical setups of the discs for various operating pointsshow a maximum of convective heat transfer at a given point that is dependent on the cross flowvelocity, disc diameter, disc spacing and rotational velocity. An increase in air cross flow velocity aswell as larger disc spacing show positive effects on the convective heat transfer in contrast to higherrotational velocity and larger discs. Even though the simulations show some limitations of classicalmeans to increase heat transfer from rotating discs, the influence of sealing elements and resultingflow structures in the gap have not been investigated. It is very likely that the thermal performancecan be further increased by optimizing shape and arrangement of these elements which is subject tofurther research.
Virtual Process Data Linkage of Assembly Stations in High Variance Workshop Production
Authors: Sand Christian , Manke Dominik , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2017

The advance of digitalization changes the requirements of processes in industrial production and assembly. For this reason, production and assembly must now be able to execute complex process steps. This is about quality and productivity expectations, as well as flexibility and reliability of production, lines and plants [1]. Today, data is generated by almost every system, machine and sensor, yet it is hardly used for process optimization. Manufacturing processes are usually organized as workshop production or chained production systems, in addition to standalone machines [2,3]. Most analytic projects focus on chained systems and serial production, unlike individual machines and specific workshop production. Depending on manufacturing IT, process data from serial production is stored in data bases, which are usually optimized for traceability. Standalone machines and machines within workshop production are scarcely connected to a common data base. The required process data is stored either on the module itself or inside a local data base [4]. The identification of dependencies between individual assembly processes, energy data and the quality of the finished product is necessary for an extended optimization. These optimizations can be process-specific, as well as environmental and resource related. Due to decentralized process data storages, an overall view of a dynamic order-oriented value chain is denied. Therefore, the potential of the machines is largely unused. Based on Data Mining, this advanced development can be counteracted by process monitoring and optimization. Therefore, this paper provides a solution for a virtual process data linkage of assembly stations. This enables the acquisition, processing, transformation and storage of unstructured raw data by special software and methods, which is also able to cope with chained production systems and standalone machines. For further analysis of interdependencies, a visualization is developed for advanced monitoring and optimization [5,6].
Semantic Meta Model for the Description of Resource and Energy Data in the Energy Data Management Cycle
Authors: Brandmeier Markus , Brossog Matthias , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2017

Energy efficiency is a critical competitive factor. Transparency of energy consumption is the key for increasing efficiency of production. For this purpose, existing energy data management systems collect data such as power, gas or water consumption on field level, save them in databases, and aggregate them in reports. However, the identification of saving potentials and the definition of efficiency measures is carried out by energy experts and thus is dependent on a person’s knowledge. The documentation of knowledge about saving potentials and measures does not take place and relations among data and knowledge of various domains are not captured. In this paper, we provide an approach that allows the holistic capture and description of data and knowledge relations. Through the use of an ontology-based meta model, consumption data can be augmented with information about time and place of capture, data type, intended purpose and permissions, as well as interfaces to other systems and relations to knowledge elements. The semantic model is to capture relevant requirements of all information demanders within the energy data management cycle. Therefore, the model is capable of detecting efficiency deficits and retrieving relevant energy efficiency measures within a knowledge base. Thus, energy consumption data can be efficiently used and knowledge about efficiency can be sustainably preserved.
Choosing Identification Technologies for Implementation of Traceability in order to Increase Overall Equipment Effectiveness
Authors: Baier Lukas , Hüttel Franziska , Haintl Alina , Schuderer Peter , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2017

Increasing the overall equipment effectiveness is a major task in order to further improve productive times and thereby increase energy efficiency. One main reason for ``energy waste" besides inefficient machinery is spending energy on production or assembly of ultimately rejected parts. In order to decrease this kind of waste, traceability can be applied for identifying components and observing related parameters for detecting quality deviations in early states.Here, we show the required identification technologies in order to establish a traceability concept for assembly of discrete units. Evaluating existing techniques regarding their applicability depending on various constraints, is a major task when planning the traceability system. Therefore, we assessed different technologies generically to give hints for choosing techniques to consider. As known technologies often are accompanied by variable costs, additionally an efficient solution for low-value bulk goods is required. We describe some technical possibilities in order to enable implementation of a holistic traceability system.The given evaluation may be applied as basis for detailed investigations regarding technologies to use for identification of discrete objects in order to implement traceability. Through implementation of such measures significant scrap reduction and thereby an improvement of energy efficiency in various applications is possible. Nevertheless, further research may be taken on efficiently identifying low-value bulk goods.
ARIH2 Ubiquitinates NLRP3 and Negatively Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Kawashima Akira , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Tago Kenji , Kimura Hiroaki , Kamata Ryo , Usui-Kawanishi Fumitake , Watanabe Sachiko , Ohta Satoshi , Funakoshi-Tago Megumi , Yanagisawa Ken , Kasahara Tadashi , Suzuki Koichi , Takahashi Masafumi
Published: October 2017

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a molecular platform that induces caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β maturation, and is implicated in inflammatory diseases; however, little is known about the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this article, we identified an E3 ligase, Ariadne homolog 2 (ARIH2), as a posttranslational negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages. ARIH2 interacted with NLRP3 via its NACHT domain (aa 220–575) in the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. In particular, we found that while using mutants of ARIH2 and ubiquitin, the really interesting new gene 2 domain of ARIH2 was required for NLRP3 ubiquitination linked through K48 and K63. Deletion of endogenous ARIH2 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing inhibited NLRP3 ubiquitination and promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain oligomerization, pro–IL-1β processing, and IL-1β production. Conversely, ARIH2 overexpression promoted NLRP3 ubiquitination and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of ubiquitination-dependent negative regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by ARIH2 and highlight ARIH2 as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
Il dibattito in Bioetica - I nuovi farmaci per l’HCV: una possibile “lezione metodologica” / The debate in Bioethics. The new drugs for HCV: a possible "methodological lesson"
Authors: Sacchini Dario
Published: October 2017

Non disponibile / Not available
Les séismes éloignés à l'appui de la recherche de ressources minérales et énergétiques
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: October 2017

Grâce à des séismes survenant à des milliers de kilomètres aplouffe, des géologues ont pu franchir un important obstacle à l'évaluation du potentiel en ressources du bassin de Nechako, dans le centre de la
Colombie-Britannique.
Canada's Plant Hardiness Zones
Authors: McKenney D W , Pedlar J H , Lawrence K , Papadopol P , Campbell K , Hutchinson M F , Kramers R E , Rose I , Morisset N
Published: October 2017

This plant hardiness zones map shows the different zones in Canada where various types of trees, shrubs and flowers will most likely survive. The map is based on a formula using seven important variables that influence plant survival: 1. Monthly mean of the daily
minimum temperatures of the coldest month 2. Mean frost-free period (above 0°C) in days 3. Amount of rainfall from June to November 4. Monthly mean of the daily maximum temperatures of the warmest month 5. A winter harshness index related to rainfall in January 6. Mean maximum snow depth 7.
Maximum wind gust in 30 year period The original map was developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in the early 1960s based on average values from 1930 to 1960. This new map uses 1981 to 2010 averages. To view an interactive version of this map and for more information on plant hardiness zones
in Canada, please go to the following Web site: www.planthardiness.gc.ca
An unnamed Proterozoic map unit, Pool Creek map area (NTS 95-C/5), southeasternmost Yukon
Authors: MacNaughton R B
Published: October 2017

An unnamed map unit in central Pool Creek map area (NTS 95-C/5) is dominated by green-weathering argillite with lesser sandstone and breccia. The map unit rocks were hornfelsed during emplacement of the Pool Creek syenite at ca. 640 to 650 Ma and thus it is
Neoproterozoic or older. A detailed measured section through part of the unit documented three facies associations (FAs). The 'argillite FA' is dominated by hornfelsed siltstone and shale, with minor sandstone. Volumetrically, it is the most significant of the three facies associations. The
'argillite and sandstone FA' contains the same rock types but a greater proportion of sandstone. Both facies associations were probably deposited mainly from turbidity currents, with lesser input from hemipelagic processes and sandy debris flows. In contrast, the 'breccia FA' consists of
intraformational to basalt-clast breccia. It records deposition from debris flows. Soft-sediment deformation, including large-scale slump folding, is prevalent throughout the measured interval. The map unit was deposited on a deep-marine slope.
Relative timing of sediment failures within slide-valley complexes in the Kugmallit Fan area of the central Beaufort Slope, offshore Northwest Territories
Authors: Cameron G D M , King E L , Murray D , Kuzyk Z A , Blasco S
Published: October 2017

Hydrocarbon related activities on the Beaufort Slope raise concerns about slope geohazards. Ubiquitous seabed and shallow sub-surface sediment slide complexes have been identified on the Beaufort Slope, from multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution sub-bottom
sonar data collected mainly in 2009 and 2010. Multiple shallowly-buried failures indicate a long-term history of periodic failure.
Two geologically recent, large, multiple-event failure complexes have been identified; the Ikit and Kugmallit slide-valley complexes. Neither have appreciable overlying sediment despite continuous Holocene deposition recognized from sonar profiles in nearby parent sediment. The Ikit complex is about
24 km wide, along the shelf break and about 54 km downslope, with undefined total run-out, covering over 1900 sq. km. The Kugmallit complex is narrower at 14 km wide and 68 km long, with undefined total run-out, covering 1550 sq. km.
Some failure scarps exceed 100 m relief and evacuated volumes exceed 100 cubic km, placing these amongst Canada's largest surficial failures. Stratified Holocene and largely glacigenic blankets, tens to over 100 m thick including presumably LGM material, have been removed in the deepest valleys.
Failures span the entire post-glacial sediment sequence, but an underpinning buried interval appears more prone to collapse.
Large and numerous retrogressive failure types are identified within the slide valley complexes. Blocky to disintegrated rotational slumps have been identified and occur near the top of the valleys. Numerous and thick (10s to 50m) debris flow deposits have been identified with cross-cutting lobes
and tongues which have runouts from 100s of m to 100 km. Relative timing of as many as five failure areas are recognized, based on cross-cutting relationships. Maximum failure event age is constrained locally by recognition of translated parent blocks as young as 1300 cal yrs BP. in shallow cores.
Minimum Pb 210 ages for failures in Ikit Valley can be as young at 230 yrs BP.
Removal of confining sediments presents opportunity for continued retrogressive failure. Failure-prone unit behavior suggests sediment preconditioning in the subsurface. The state of in-situ or introduced excess pore pressures in the region is not known. Proximity to an earthquake cluster suggests a
trigger mechanism for episodic and widespread failure, but temporal and causal relationships are not yet established.
Hervormde hermeneutiese perspektiewe op Skrifverstaan en die Nuwe Testament
Authors: Geyser Piet A.
Published: October 2017

This article reflects on hermeneutics in the widest sense of the concept and not on the detailed technicalities from philosophical and other perspectives. Hermeneutics will be taken to refer to the whole act and process of understanding. It is done with special reference to how the understanding of Scripture and specifically the New Testament of theologians of the Netherdutch Reformed Church over the past seven decades, is reflected in the work in the HTS Theological Studies journal. It is clear that their approach to the understanding and concretisation of the message of the New Testament was one of greatest respect for Scripture. The basic tenet throughout was that the Word of God was to be found in the Bible. There was no assumption that Bible and Word of God were identified on one and the same level. Taking the Bible as literature seriously implied that the best scientific methods had to be found and implemented in this search for the meaning of the Word of God for the Church’s message and practice in the world.
Bacteremia Due to Clostridium Difficile: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Daruwala Cherag , Mercogliano Giancarlo , Newman Gary , Ingerman Mark J.
Published: October 2017

Objective

The purpose of this study is to report a case of C. difficile bacteremia in a Crohn's disease patient and to review the literature on previously reported cases.

Methods

Searches of MEDLINE and PubMed databases were made.

Results

We report the first case of C. difficile bacteremia in a Crohn's disease patient. There are 15 other reported cases of C. difficile bacteremia reported in the literature. We found that the majority of patients (10 of 15 patients) had polymicrobial bacteremia and that the overall mortality rate is significant, with 6 of 15 reported patients dying.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we find that C. difficile bacteremia is associated with a significant mortality rate and it would seem prudent to consider aggressive antibiotic therapy.
A Case of Protruding Eyeballs and Diminishing Vision
Authors: Biswas Rakesh , Gupta Saroj , Dahiya Sumit , Kiran Shashi , Girish B.V. , Kasthuri A.S.
Published: October 2017

This case report discusses issues related to a 56-year-old man from Bangalore who presented with complaints of a gradual protrusion of his eyeballs along with diminishing vision for the previous month. The approach to diagnosis and management issues around this unusual presentation is dicussed.