bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risikoeinschätzung von Vätern mit pädosexuellem Interesse durch familienrechtspsychologische Sachverständige
Authors: Grehn Famke , Ritter Sven , Iffland Judith A.
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: In den letzten Jahren werden vermehrt familienrechtspsychologische Gutachten zur Einschätzung einer Kindeswohlgefährdung aufgrund vermuteter pädophiler Interessen von Vätern in Auftrag gegeben. Aktuelle Untersuchungen deuten zudem darauf hin, dass familienrechtspsychologische Sachverständige sich in großer Anzahl für Umgangseinschränkungen bei männlichen Fürsorgeberechtigten mit pädosexuellen Interessen aussprechen. Ziel dieser Fallvignettenstudie war es daher zu untersuchen, ob familienrechtspsychologische Sachverständige das Potenzial für innerfamiliären sexuellen Missbrauch bei Menschen mit pädosexuellem Pornografiekonsum anders bewerten als bei Menschen mit sexuell sadistischem Pornografiekonsum. Dafür wurden zwei Fallvignetten erstellt, die sich lediglich hinsichtlich des paraphilen Pornografiekonsums unterschieden und randomisiert den Sachverständigen ( N = 61) zugeteilt wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sachverständigen das Risiko für missbräuchliche Übergriffe, die Befürwortung eines (Teil–)‌Entzugs des Sorgerechts und das Risiko einer Kindeswohlgefährdung bei einem Vater mit pädosexuellem Pornografiekonsum als signifikant höher einschätzten. Es wird diskutiert, inwiefern diese restriktiven Einstellungen Ausdruck einer Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit pädosexuellem Interesse darstellen könnten. Gleichzeitig zeigen die Ergebnisse jedoch auch eine Unsicherheit hinsichtlich der qualifizierten Risikoeinschätzung von paraphilen Interessen.
Revenge Porn
Authors: Fillibeck Enya C.
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die Veröffentlichung von pornografischem Material ohne die Einwilligung der abgebildeten Person über das Internet, auch „revenge porn“ (deutsch: Rachepornografie) genannt, ist in den letzten Jahren immer mehr zu einer erheblichen Bedrohung geworden. Die Integration sozialer Medien in unsere persönlichen Beziehungen eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten zur sexuellen Ausbeutung und Viktimisierung. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Phänomen der Rachepornografie aus einer rechtspsychologischen Perspektive. Durch die ganzheitliche Betrachtung von Täterprofilen, der Folgen für die Opfer und potenzielle Interventionen leistet diese Arbeit einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von Rachepornografie und bietet neue Impulse für die Forschung und Praxis. Die vielfältigen Auswirkungen auf die Opfer, einschließlich psychischer Belastungen, sozialer Stigmatisierung und rechtlicher Herausforderungen, werden beleuchtet. Abschließend werden präventive Maßnahmen sowie psychotherapeutische Interventionen für Täter diskutiert.
Parameterization of Wave‐Induced Stress in Large‐Eddy Simulations of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Ning Xu , Paskyabi Mostafa Bakhoday
Published: September 2024

Large‐eddy simulations (LES) of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) commonly utilize roughness length to parameterize wave effects on the sea surface. However, this method might not adequately capture the intricacies of wind‐wave interactions, especially in swell‐dominated conditions. In this study, we integrated a wave‐induced stress parameterization method into the open‐source LES code, PArallel Large‐eddy simulation Model (PALM), and assessed its performance under low wind conditions with varying wave ages and directions. Our method treats windsea effects as surface friction while employing an exponentially decaying profile to represent swell‐induced stress. We examined the model's sensitivity to wind and wave parameters and calibrated the wave damping rate values across various scenarios, leveraging data from wave‐phase‐resolved simulations and field measurements. The enhanced LES model with the proposed wave parameterization effectively reproduces wave‐influenced wind characteristics such as upward momentum flux, low‐level wind maximum, and negative wind gradients, showing good agreement with previous numerical and observational data. Moreover, our model accounts for wind‐wave misalignment scenarios by calculating each directional and spectral wave stress component individually and integrating them over the wave spectrum. We found that the swell‐induced stress is the dominant force in the wave boundary layer (WBL) with low wind speed, with its magnitude significantly varying with the wave direction relative to the wind. This variation influences the dynamic equilibrium within the WBL, modifying both wind shear and wind veer, and these effects persist up to the top of the boundary layer flow.
Inferring the Speed of Sound and Wind in the Nighttime Martian Boundary Layer From Impact‐Generated Infrasound
Authors: Froment Marouchka , Xu Zongbo , Lognonné Philippe H. , Larmat Carène , Garcia Raphael F. , Drilleau Mélanie , Delbridge Brent G. , Spiga Aymeric , Kawamura Taichi , Beucler Éric
Published: September 2024

The properties of the first kilometers of the Martian atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer have until now been measured by only a few instruments and probes. InSight offers an opportunity to investigate this region through seismoacoustics. On six occasions, its seismometers recorded short low‐frequency waveforms, with clear dispersion between 0.4 and 4 Hz. These signals are the air‐to‐ground coupling of impact‐generated infrasound, which propagated in an low‐altitude atmospheric waveguide. Their group velocity depends on the structure of effective sound speed in the boundary layer. Here, we conduct a Bayesian inversion of effective sound speed up to 2,000 m altitude using the group velocity measured for events S0981c, S0986c and S1034a. The inverted effective sound speed profiles are in good agreement with estimates provided by the Mars Climate Database. Differences between inverted and modeled profiles can be attributed to a local wind variation in the impact→station direction, of amplitude smaller than 2 m/s.
Consistent Seasonal Hydrography From Moorings at Northwest Greenland Glacier Fronts
Authors: Zahn Marie J. , Laidre Kristin L. , Simon Malene , Stafford Kathleen M. , Wood Michael , Willis Josh K. , Phillips Elizabeth M. , Fenty Ian
Published: September 2024

Greenland's marine‐terminating glaciers connect the ice sheet to the ocean and provide a critical boundary where heat, freshwater, and nutrient exchanges take place. Buoyant freshwater runoff from inland ice sheet melt is discharged at the base of marine‐terminating glaciers, forming vigorous upwelling plumes. It is understood that subglacial plumes modify waters near glacier fronts and increase submarine glacier melt by entraining warm ambient waters at depth. However, ocean observations along Greenland's coastal margins remain biased toward summer months which limits accurate estimation of ocean forcing on glacier retreat and acceleration. Here, we fill a key observational gap in northwest Greenland by describing seasonal hydrographic variation at glacier fronts in Melville Bay using in situ observations from moorings deployed year‐round, CTDs, and profiling floats. We evaluated local and remote forcing using remote sensing and reanalysis data products alongside a high‐resolution ocean model. Analysis of the year‐round hydrographic data revealed consistent above‐sill seasonality in temperature and salinity. The warmest, saltiest waters occurred in spring (April–May) and primed glaciers for enhanced submarine melt in summer when meltwater plumes entrain deep waters. Waters were coldest and freshest in early winter (November–December) after summer melt from sea ice, glacier ice, and icebergs provided cold freshwater along the shelf. Ocean variability was greatest in the summer and fall, coincident with increased freshwater runoff and large wind events before winter sea ice formation. Results increase our mechanistic understanding of Greenland ice‐ocean interactions and enable improvements in ocean model parameterization.
Highly sensitive detection of kojic acid in food samples using fluorescent carbon dots derived from pomegranate peel
Authors: Hassan Omnia H. , Saad Ahmed S. , Ghali Mohsen
Published: September 2024

Kojic acid (KA) has gained significant attention due to its widespread use in the food and cosmetics industries. However, concerns about its potential carcinogenic effects have heightened the need for sensitive detection methods. This study introduces a fluorescence-based optical sensor for the quantification of KA in food samples, utilizing fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from pomegranate peel via a hydrothermal method. The Stern–Volmer plot demonstrated a linear response for KA in the range of 120 to 1200 µM, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999 and. The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 30 ± 0.04 µM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 90 ± 0.14 µM. Application of the developed method to soy sauce and vinegar samples yielded accurate KA determinations, with recoveries of 103.11 ± 0.96% and 104.45 ± 2.15%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed sensor for practical applications in food quality and safety assessment, offering valuable insights into the presence of KA in food products.
Elastoplastic analysis on deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock of soft-coal roadway based on true triaxial loading and unloading tests
Authors: Jiang Chongyang , Wang Lianguo , Guo Jiaxing , Wang Shuai
Published: September 2024

Since accidents such as roof caving, rock fragmentation, and severe deformation are particularly likely to occur during roadway excavation in soft and thick coal seams, grasping the range and distribution of deformation and fracturing of surrounding rock is of crucial for evaluating roadway stability and optimizing support design in such coal seams. In this study, based on the stress paths encountered during roadway excavation, true triaxial loading and unloading tests were carried out on soft coal, and the deformation and strength evolutions of soft coal under different intermediate principal stress conditions were analyzed. The test results show that the stress–strain relationship in the pre-peak plasticity-strengthening and post-peak plasticity-weakening stages follows a quadratic function, and the strengeth evolution conforms to the Mogi–Coulomb criterion. Moreover, analytical solutions for the displacement of surrounding rock, the radius of the broken zone, and the radius of the plastic zone of soft-coal roadways under excavation stress paths were derived after taking the nonlinear hardening and softening characteristics of the strain of soft coal, the Mogi–Coulomb criterion, the intermediate principal stress, and the dilatancy characteristics of surrounding rock into comprehensive consideration. Finally, in accordance with a practical engineering case, the influences of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, the lateral pressure coefficient, and the support force on the deformation and failure characteristics of the soft-coal roadway were analyzed. The analysis reveals that an increase in intermediate principal stress aggravates the deformation of surrounding rock and enlarges the plastic and broken zones; variations in the lateral pressure coefficient alter the shape of the broken zone and the distribution of surface displacement; and an increase in the support force effectively reduces the plastic zone, broken zone, and surface displacement of the roadway. The research results can provide valuable theoretical basis for the stability evaluation and support design of soft-coal roadways.
Utilization of Western Aphasia Battery–Revised Spoken Language Subtest Stimuli to Characterize Differentially Diagnostic Characteristics of Acquired Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Nealon Kate , Edmonds Lisa
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

There is a need for stimuli that can be used in the assessment of apraxia of speech (AOS) characteristics. AOS often presents with aphasia, and the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (WAB-R) is administered extensively in clinical practice for the assessment of aphasia. This preliminary study investigated error production of differentially diagnostic characteristics of AOS (phonetic and prosodic errors) in response to existing spoken language subtest stimuli of the WAB-R in individuals with concomitant AOS and aphasia and aphasia only.

Method:

Ten participants presenting with aphasia and potential motor speech impairment were included. Presence of AOS was determined for five individuals. Speech production errors were analyzed using narrow transcription methods in response to the Naming, Repetition, and Spontaneous Speech subtests of the WAB-R for both AOS and aphasia and aphasia-only groups.

Results:

Differences in total error production for both phonetic and prosodic errors were reported between the AOS and aphasia and aphasia-only groups. In addition, the phonetic complexity of the stimuli correlated to the phonetic and prosodic error production in both groups. An effect of WAB-R subtest was not reported for either group.

Conclusion:

The diversity of elicited spoken language production across multiple contexts makes the use of the spoken language subtest stimuli a feasible component of a comprehensive AOS assessment, since AOS is often concomitant with aphasia.
Distributed control and passivity‐based stability analysis for time‐delayed DC microgrids
Authors: Chen Yongpan , Zhao Jinghan , Wan Keting , Yu Miao
Published: September 2024

For cooperation among distributed generations in a DC microgrid (MG), distributed control is widely applied. However, the delay in distributed communication will result in steady‐state bias and the risk of instability. This paper proposes a novel distributed control for time‐delayed DC MGs to achieve accurate current proportional sharing and weighted average voltage regulation. Firstly, by utilizing an advanced observer based on the PI consensus algorithm, the steady‐state bias problem is addressed. Then, using the passivity theory, stability analysis is conducted to reveal the principle of system instability caused by communication delay. On this basis, to offset the adverse effects of communication delay on the system stability, scattering transformation is introduced in the observer‐based distributed control. Moreover, considering the potential delay from the measurement stage in real‐life scenarios, the sufficient condition of the system stability is concluded by constructing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. Finally, the performance of the proposed control and conclusions of stability analysis are verified by hardware‐in‐loop tests.
Robust higher order sliding mode control of grid‐forming converters with LCL filter in weak grid scenarios for fast frequency support
Authors: Das Tuhin S. , Annakkage Udaya D. , Muthumuni Dharshana , Park In Kwon
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a nonlinear higher‐order sliding mode control (HO‐SMC) designed for a droop control‐based grid‐forming converter. In weak grid scenarios, where the rate of change of frequency is notably high, achieving a rapid frequency response becomes imperative. The stable operation of a grid‐forming converter using droop control, coupled with classical vector control that employs cascaded voltage and current loops (multiloop) with PI controllers, faces limitations when higher droop coefficients are applied. This constraint on the application of classical vector control in weak grid conditions necessitates alternative solutions. Operating as a grid‐forming converter, the grid‐connected converter with an LCL filter represents a second‐order system. HO‐SMC mitigates the switching challenges associated with conventional SMC by integrating robust feedback linearized control. A graphical method is proposed for designing the switching gain using Lyapunov's direct method to counteract the impact of a matched disturbance. The study demonstrates that the implementation of HO‐SMC in the grid‐forming converter enhances fast frequency response by increasing the gain margin of the power frequency loop. Finally, it is illustrated that the proposed control method also improves the transient response of the converter.
Optimal‐droop voltage‐restorer for zonal dc distribution system with simultaneous consideration of dynamic current balance and power loss reduction
Authors: Han Yu , Zhou Qian , Lin Gang , Wang Shaoyang , Li Yong , Guo Yixiu , Liu Jiayan , An Haiyun , Cao Yijia
Published: September 2024

A dc voltage restorer (dc‐VR) with optimal droop control is developed to reduce the power loss and solve the dynamic current imbalance simultaneously of the zonal dc distribution system integrating multi‐parallel energy storage. Firstly, the power loss model composed of line loss and converter loss is built and it is proved to be a strictly convex function with respect to droop coefficients, which indicates the power loss can be mitigated by optimizing the current distribution. Thus, an image‐based droop optimization method is proposed to search for the optimal droop coefficients. Then, the economy of voltage compensation on power loss reduction is investigated and an ESS‐combined dc‐VR is designed, including an interleaved parallel architecture and a capacitor‐integrated electric spring (C‐ES). Unified virtual inertia is proposed for interleaved parallel bridge arms to make their dynamic performance consistent. And the newly introduced C‐ES can keep the bus voltage at the rated level to reduce the system cost. Therefore, the problem of dynamic currents imbalance is addressed from the points of converter structure (dc‐VR) and control system (unified inertia), and the power loss can be reduced by voltage recovery (C‐ES) and optimizing the current reallocation which is achieved by updating sharing coefficients from the image‐based droop optimization method. Finally, the simulation cases validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal‐droop dc‐VR on dynamic current balance and power loss reduction, and hardware in the loop experiment results prove the consistent dynamic characteristics of the dc‐VR's arms.
Hydrogen storage planning robust to year‐round net load fluctuation
Authors: Chen Boyang , Jiang Minghua , Yang Dezhou , Shi Hao , Zhang Ning , Ma Jiahao
Published: September 2024

Long‐term hydrogen storage systems are considered a solution to the long‐term supply imbalance caused by different seasonal characteristics in renewable energy output and load. However, most existing planning models assume the whole year‐round net load series is known in advance and the optimal operation sequence of long‐term storage is derived accordingly. This assumption underestimates the necessary long‐term storage capacity because of the difficulty of accurate fine‐grained long‐term forecasting. This work proposes a long‐term hydrogen storage planning framework that is robust to year‐round net load fluctuation. The daily average component from the historical net load series is first derived to formulate the long‐term operation scenario set. On this basis, a robust planning model is developed where the trend of long‐term storage operation is forced to be identical for all long‐term operation scenarios and not to respond to one specific scenario with full information of the net load sequence. The results show that the planning results given by the proposed framework are more robust in real‐time operation with less load shedding.
Recent advances of privacy-preserving machine learning based on (Fully) Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Hong Cheng
Published: September 2024

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), known for its ability to process encrypted data without decryption, is a promising technique for solving privacy concerns in the machine learning era. However, there are many kinds of available FHE schemes and way more FHE-based solutions in the literature, and they are still fast evolving, making it difficult to get a complete view. This article aims to introduce recent representative results of FHE-based privacy-preserving machine learning, helping users understand the pros and cons of different kinds of solutions, and choose an appropriate approach for their needs.
Partisan differences in perceived levels of democracy across presidential administrations
Authors: Cheng Gloria Danqiao , Does Serena , Shih Margaret
Published: September 2024

Democracy in the United States is in decline. The current work examines to what degree U.S. Americans perceive this decline in the U.S., and how partisanship may shape those perceptions over time. Using cross-sectional archival data spanning three U.S. presidential administrations (Study 1), we find that perceived levels of democracy by U.S. Americans on both sides of the political spectrum were not attuned to objective democracy indices but instead followed a partisan gap where election winners perceived higher levels of democracy than election losers. Using a longitudinal quasi-experiment tracking the 2020 presidential election (Study 2), we find that the effect of partisanship on perceived levels of democracy kicked in right after the announcement of the election winner but was the strongest after the official inauguration. Moreover, Trump supporters showed heterogeneous responses to the Capitol attack, which highlights the possibility of bipartisan willingness to defend democracy after salient attacks on democratic principles. We discuss the implications of the effect of partisanship on perceptions of democracy.
Ramping cells in the rodent medial prefrontal cortex encode time to past and future events via real Laplace transform
Authors: Cao Rui , Bright Ian M. , Howard Marc W.
Published: September 2024

In interval reproduction tasks, animals must remember the event starting the interval and anticipate the time of the planned response to terminate the interval. The interval reproduction task thus allows for studying both memory for the past and anticipation of the future. We analyzed previously published recordings from the rodent medial prefrontal cortex [J. Henke
et al.
,
eLife
10
, e71612 (2021)] during an interval reproduction task and identified two cell groups by modeling their temporal receptive fields using hierarchical Bayesian models. The firing in the “past cells” group peaked at the start of the interval and relaxed exponentially back to baseline. The firing in the “future cells” group increased exponentially and peaked right before the planned action at the end of the interval. Contrary to the previous assumption that timing information in the brain has one or two time scales for a given interval, we found strong evidence for a continuous distribution of the exponential rate constants for both past and future cell populations. The real Laplace transformation of time predicts exponential firing with a continuous distribution of rate constants across the population. Therefore, the firing pattern of the past cells can be identified with the Laplace transform of time since the past event while the firing pattern of the future cells can be identified with the Laplace transform of time until the planned future event.
Spatio-Temporal-Interaction Graph Neural Networks for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Cui Zhoujuan , Peng Wenshuo , Zhang Yaqiang , Duan Yiping , Tao Xiaoming
Published: September 2024

For intelligent transportation systems, accurately forecasting the future trajectories of multiple agents is pivotal. Considering the increased diversity of agents within a scene, in order to capture and model the variations in their appearance, motion status, behavioral patterns, and interrelationships, we propose a simple yet effective framework based on Spatio-Temporal-Interaction Graph Neural Networks. Specifically, a Multi-Class Agent Encoder is meticulously tailored to the specific class of each agent to distill pertinent information from their motion attributes and historical trajectories. Subsequently, a Spatio-Temporal-Interaction Graph Attention Module is constructed to productively represent and learn the complex, dynamic interactions. Finally, a Multimodal Trajectory Generation Module is customized, and a learnable diversity sampling function is introduced to map the features of each agent to a set of potential variables, so as to capture the multimodal distribution of future trajectories. Empirical evaluations on the ETH/UCY and KITTI datasets reveal that our method can efficiently improve the accuracy of trajectory prediction.
Flood Monitoring and Mapping in the Ghatal Region of West Bengal, India
Authors: Bhadra T , Mukherjee K , Dash P , Saha J , Das R
Published: September 2024

The Ghatal block of Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal, India experiences frequent flooding due to the overflow of the rivers Dwarakeswar, Rupnarayan, Shilabati, and their tributaries. Although the Ghatal master plan was prepared and the foundation stone was placed in 1982 to reduce the flood vulnerability in this region, the plan is still not being implemented. To determine the flood vulnerability in the Ghatal block, very few research investigations have been carried out. The previous studies just applied a successful scientific methodology to evaluate flood risk; they did not engage in participatory research with local community perception. Hence, a thorough investigation is needed to manage floods in a way that increases community resilience. Using a comparative review and the geographic information system (GIS), the study seeks to identify the flood-prone locations in the Ghatal block, which is essential for flood management in any region. The article uses a multi-criteria analysis to pinpoint probable flood hazard regions. Seven parameters are used in the study to carry out the multi-criteria analytical hierarchy procedure. Based on their relative importance for the event, the criteria’s weights are determined using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method, and a Suitability Index is prepared. The index indicates that the severe problem of river flooding in the Ghatal block of Paschim Medinipur needs to be looked after on an urgent basis and with path-breaking solutions, especially for the Ghatal municipality and the various gram panchayats such as Irpala, Mansuka-I, Monoharpur-I, Ajobnagar-I, Mohonpur, Dewanchak-I and the North-Eastern part of Sultanpur and the Southern part of Dewanchak-II.
Xanthium Strumarium based activated carbon as low cost bioadsorbent for efficient removal of antidepressant drug Imipramine
Authors: Verma R , Joshi G
Published: September 2024

Although, the pharmaceutical industries have contributed to improve the quality of human lifestyle. However, due to the extensive growth in living standards of modern society is one of the reasons that reinforce to millions of peoples to follow unhealthy lifestyle that leads to several health issues (like mental illness, disability and several metabolic problems etc.) it reinforces the over-dependency on pharmaceutical drugs. Among various pharmaceuticals, the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have consumed significantly for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The drug Imipramine (IMP) is one of the potential candidates among these TCAs, which is frequently used drug across the globe. That is why these TCAs are frequently detected pharmaceuticals in environment and negatively affect living organism. The levels of contamination of these TCAs in the environment have increased due to COVID-19 pandemic which consequently increased psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression in a significant population. The Imipramine contamination has harmful impact on human such as hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, convulsions and hypothermia. The present study witnessed an effective removal of the Imipramine contamination from aqueous effluent using Xanthium Strumarium based low cost bio-adsorbent. The thermal activation was done to produce powdered bioadsorbent (XPT1) for Imipramine removal from its aqueous phase. The batch experiments were performed to access adsorption parameters like contact time (2 hours), maximum adsorption capacity (3.74 mg/g), optimum pH (less than 5 and more than 9) and adsorption capacity dependence on concentration and temperature of produced bioadsorbents. The fixed-bed column experiment was carried out to attain saturation time (626 minutes), adsorption capacity (64.9 mg.g−1) with 90.08 % of total removal percent of Imipramine. The adsorption isotherm data were best fitted to Freundlich model at low temperature 303 K, while at higher temperature the Imipramine adsorption is well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models.
Study of pollutant transport under linear sorption in a groundwater reservoir
Authors: Paul Tapan , Mahato Nav Kumar , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Das Pintu
Published: September 2024

Pollutant dispersion in a porous medium can be modelled mathematically to forecast its concentration distribution profile. The governing equation of pollutant transport is modelled as a partial differential equation. Effects of sorption, zero-order production rate and first-order decay rate on pollutant transport are incorporated in the present study. The temporarily dependent pulse-type input source decaying exponentially is assumed at the origin of the domain. The solution of the proposed transport equation is derived by Laplace transform method for the respective time split domain. Matlab algorithm is developed to illustrate the obtained analytical solutions graphically for various hydrological input data. The pollutant distribution profiles in the medium are obtained for different times and porosities. The pollutant transport nature is examined for various forms of velocity flow pattern in presence and absence of input source. Also, the derived solution is compared graphically under special case with the existing solution and found the results with good agreement.
Treatment of heavy metal in the plating wastewater by electrocoagulation
Authors: Duong Pham-Hung , Nguyen Hoang-Phuc , Huynh Ngoc-Han T.
Published: September 2024

This present paper evaluated a batch electrocoagulation (EC) scale containing two flat aluminium plate electrodes to treat total Cr, Zn2+ in real plating wastewater taken from CX Technology company. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Design-Expert 12 software were applied to optimize the operating conditions with three main factors including current density, pH, and retention time. The control experiments using FeSO4 10% were performed to compare with the electrocoagulation method. The best treatment efficiency occurred at a current density of 16.93 A/m2, pH 9, and a 31-minute reaction. The conductivity did not significantly affect to the total Cr and Zn2+ removal but reduced energy consumption. The jar-test experiment result was obvious the optimal factors of the coagulation-flocculation encompassing pH 10 and 3 ml/L FeSO4 10 %. The treatment efficiency of total Cr and Zn2+ were 97.22±0.3 % and 99.53± 0.006 %, higher than others. The generated sludge in the electrocoagulation method was 2,031± 0.91 g/L, equal to 51.7 % sludge of the coagulation-flocculation method. The treatment cost by electrocoagulation was less than others.
Access the performance of nitrification in an activated sludge reactor for seafood wastewater treatment: Experiment on the SBR model at the lab-scale
Authors: Thi Kim Thuy Phan , Ha Quan Tran , Van Quang Tran
Published: September 2024

A major challenge in wastewater treatment system design is optimizing the nitrification process in activated sludge reactors, especially in the seafood industry with high concentration of organic matter, fat, oil, and nitrogen. However, in traditional seafood wastewater treatment systems, nitrogen removal is limited by the ratio C:N:P ≈ 100:5:1. With the experiment of the Sequencing Batch Reactor model, the evaluation of biological nitrification reaction is conducted based on the following parameters: organic loading rate, removing efficiency of ammonia - nitrogen, and nitrification rate. By using pre-treatment seafood processing wastewater with a C/N ratio of 5-6, these parameters were determined through an operating biological reactor with F/M from 0.16 to 0.2g BOD5/g MLVSS.d. In terms of the performance of the model, when optimizing the nitrification process, the efficiency removal reaches 78.3-80.0% for BOD5 and 93.9-94.5% for NH4-N. After that, the nitrification process occurred after 30 minutes of reaction phase, reached its maximum rate after 2 hours with nitrification rate from 0.04 to 0.08 g Nox/g MLVSS.d and then maintained for about 1 hour. Moreover, for an optimal nitrification process, the alkaline consumption of the model should be in the range 7.05-7.18 mg CaCO3/mg N.
Enhancement of dye treatment efficiency of TiO2/C3N4 photocatalysts synthesized by hydrothermal method
Authors: Dinh Chinh Nguyen , Hong Tuan Pham , Phuong Chien Tran , Van Dung Nguyen , Thi Hai Yen Nguyen
Published: September 2024

Using sunlight to generate energy is a trend to establish a sustainable economy while protecting the environment. Photocatalytic breakdown of organic molecules on the surfaces of semiconductors is an important topic of current research. In this study, competent TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts produced by the hydrothermal technique demonstrated outstanding photoactivity. To determine the best-performing photocatalyst, TiO2/g-C3N4 materials were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy Dispersive X- ray (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). XRD results indicate that the addition of C3N4 increases the ratio of TiO2 Anatase. Optical studies unveiled a significant reduction in the forbidden band. The experiments using photocatalysis revealed that the action of TiO2/g-C3N4 on methylene blue (MB) dyes exhibited not only momentous photocatalytic performance but also excellent adsorption ability. The result of this study is anticipated to offer a solid basis for the creation and synthesis of cutting-edge materials for applications including the treatment of textile effluent.
Optimization of ozonation process for removal of micropollutants in urban wastewater
Authors: Thanh Phan Lam , Schaar Heidemarie , Saracevic Ernis , Krampe Jörg , Thanh Kim Phan Loan , Kreuzinger Norbert
Published: September 2024

This study aims to extend the existing theoretical knowledge to the practical application of ozonation in advanced wastewater treatment. Urban wastewater from a WWTP in a European developed country (Austria) was treated by ozonation technology with different specific doses, varying from 0 g O3 to 1.0 g O3/g dissolved organic carbon (DOC), observing an abatement of micropollutants and bromate formation. Based on the ozonation, micropollutants were categorised into 3 groups, namely highly-reactive, medium-reactive, and non-reactive. For ozonation, micropollutants were removed at >80% for three groups at various ozone doses of 0.6 - 1.0 g O3/g DOC. The results showed that different bromate formations were observed in accordance with different ozone doses and varying between the investigated effluent samples. Bromate formation ranged between 0.65 ± 0.28 and 11.22 ± 9.85 μg/L. The value of ozone dose was regulated by WHO for drinking water (10 μg/L) was only exceeded at > 0.88 ± 0.05 g O3/g DOC, which is higher than normal applied doses for micropollutant removal (0.6 - 0.7 g O3/g DOC).
Developing a circular economy from plastic waste and identifying microplastics in domestic water supplies in Ho Chi Minh City and the Southeastern provinces
Authors: Phu Huynh , Thi Ngoc Han Huynh , Thi Hue Nguyen
Published: September 2024

While humans are struggling to deal with plastic waste, the plastic decomposition products, namely microplastics, have silently infiltrated almost all environmental states. This study examines the feasibility of a circular economy approach for addressing plastic waste and reducing microplastics in source water in Southeastern provinces. Of the 400 households surveyed, there were 200 households in Ho Chi Minh, 50 households in Dong-naiand 150 households in Binh Duong, only 10% of household plastic waste is recycled, 33% of them are sold as scrap and 57% of them are completely processed. Out of the remaining 57% of waste, it can be the starting material to produce later stage products and create income opportunities of hundreds of billions of VND per month for Ho Chi Minh and Binh Duong province. The process of breaking down plastic waste into microplastics in the Sai Gon River and Dong Nai River has resulted in the emergence of microplastic polymers such as Polypropylene (27.1%), Polyethylene (51.2%), Polyvinyl Chloride (13.4%), and 8.3% of other plastics. These microplastics pose a significant threat to human health. The SWOT analysis identifies opportunities and challenges for implementing a circular economy approach to minimize plastic waste and microplastics in the study area.
Quantifying the Co-benefits of Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas emission mitigation by operating Metro Line 1 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Ho Bang , Vu Khue , Nguyen Tam , Nguyen Hang , Huynh Nguyen , Tran Hien , Hoa La , Fukuda Koji , Shirakawa Yasuki , Le Phu Vo
Published: September 2024

Motorcycles, cars, and buses in urban areas contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants. Particularly, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has the highest vehicle traffic intensity in Vietnam. To improve the traffic system, HCMC has implemented urban railway projects, and this research aims to quantify the co-benefits of these public transport systems. The study used the EMISENS model and the TAMP-EARMOD simulation model system to assess the current situation and to predict the GHG and air pollution emissions when Metro Line 1 (Ben Thanh – Suoi Tien) operates stably. The reduction of air pollution and GHG is calculated to identify the co-benefits when a part of personal transport means is substituted by Metro Line 1. The results show that, if Metro Line 1 is put into operation and reaches 80% of its transport capacity, the air emissions on the route parallel to Metro Line 1 decrease 429.94 tons/year, 13,639.32 tons/year, 11.36 tons/year, 1,137.84 tons/year, 24.27 tons/year for NOx, CO, SO2, NMVOC, and PM2.5, respectively. Importantly, the emission of CO2eq reduces above 49.6 million tons per year, equivalent to 25.4%. Based on these results, the study proposes measures to optimize the deployment of Metro Line 1 to maximize the attainment of co-benefits.
Life cycle assesment on water treatment: Case study in Cau Do water treatment plant – Da Nang city - VietNam
Authors: Thi Thuy Duong Mai , Ngoc Duong Vo , Thi Viet Nga Tran
Published: September 2024

Production, transportation, use, and disposal consumes resources, energy, and chemicals and causes emissions and waste, contributing to various impacts on the environment, such as heat, global warming, and acidification. Applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method can identify environmental impacts, to have solutions to control energy use and reduce waste.

Research applied at Cau Do water supply plant - Da Nang city with an exploitation flow of 290,000 m3/day shows the results that the plant’s water treatment system has impacts within the allowable limits for with the geological environment in the area, but exploitation requires strict assessment to prevent possible unusual impacts. Assess the environmental impact of using electricity and chemicals in the system by estimating CO2 emissions from the electricity and chemical production process, which indirectly contribute to global warming. Direct sources of greenhouse gases come from the treatment of sludge and wastewater. The impacts discussed in this study are Global Warming, Acidification, depletion of fossil resources and Water Consumption. The amount of electricity consumed at Cau Do plant in 2018 was 16,742,752 kWh/year. The results of the analysis using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, show that the largest impact on the environment is Water Consumption 1.101 m3/m3 clean water, followed by Global Warming 0.158 kg CO2 eq/m3 Acidification 1.06 × 10−3 kg SO2 eq/m3.
Measures toward effective management of hazardous solid waste at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT)
Authors: Quoc Thao Tran , Thi Huynh Nhu Nguyen , Nhat Huy Nguyen
Published: September 2024

Hazardous waste (HW) management poses significant challenges in Vietnam, particularly within higher education institutions (HEIs), despite regulatory advancements. This study focuses on the effective management of HW at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), considering the risks posed by HW generation and the need for sustainable practices. This research aims to explore and propose comprehensive strategies for HW categorization, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal within HEIs, emphasizing sustainable management practices to mitigate adverse health and environmental impacts. Adopting an Environmental Systems Analysis framework, this study employs expert interviews and a SWOT analysis to assess the current state of HW management at HCMUT. Structured interviews probe experts on key challenges, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, providing insights for strategic interventions. The investigation reveals critical issues in HW management at HCMUT, including commendable execution of procedures but persisting ambiguities in regulations, financial challenges, and difficulties in controlling input data. The SWOT analysis identifies internal strengths, weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats, guiding proposed solutions. Addressing identified challenges, this study proposes a tailored HW management process integrating educational initiatives and a structured Handbook on Hazardous Solid Waste Management for HCMUT. These recommendations aim to enhance awareness, compliance, and sustainability in HW management, contributing to effective risk mitigation and sustainable practices within HEIs.
Solutions to enhance the accuracy of UAV’s images for creating extremely large-scale maps in urban area
Authors: Ngoc Huyen Trang Tran , Van Trung Le , Le Phu Vo
Published: September 2024

Ho Chi Minh City, the largest urban agglomeration in Vietnam, is at the forefront of enabling the government’s efforts and advocating for smart city initiatives in the coming decades. To facilitate this advancement, the implementation of solutions to support the collection, construction, and updating of spatial databases is crucial. These databases serve as the foundational platform for effective urban management practices. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have witnessed significant growth across various domains, particularly in spatial data collection. However, challenges arise when acquiring and processing UAV images in urban areas. These challenges include orthomosaic distortion in certain regions, insufficient accuracy for creating extremely large-scale maps (e.g., 1:200 or 1:500), and unclear boundaries between adjacent objects. The objective of this paper is to present flight tests conducted at varying altitudes, with different shooting angles, and varying layouts of Ground Control Points (GCPs), both with and without the UAV’s RTK receiver mode. In order to improve the accuracy of UAV’s images, the results suggest that the precision of orthomosaic, Digital Surface Model (DSM) and point clouds in the context of 3D mapping depends on various factors, including: the determination of the optimal flight altitude, optimizing number of GCPs, selecting an appropriate level of image processing, capturing images from varied angles, and using UAVs with RTK or PPK data acquisition modes to mitigate image distortion.
Parenting Young Adults and Letting Go
Authors: Kurz Demie
Published: September 2024

Chapter 5 addresses the task of letting go as it takes shape in later adolescence and young adulthood. Young adults remain dependent on their parents for financial and other support as they attend college, enroll in training programs, or look for work. Many parents provide financial support as they are able during this time, some ask themselves how long they can or should support their young adults financially and in other ways, and at what point they should let go so that their young adults take on significant responsibility for their own lives. After they turn 21, some young adults are able to get jobs and start supporting themselves. Some may pursue postgraduate training. Some benefit substantially from financial support from parents and grandparents. Other young adults, however, particularly those who have not received more education or training after high school, may have difficulty finding a place in a competitive, uncertain economy.
Environmental Law
Authors: Bell Stuart , McGillivray Donald , Pedersen Ole , Lees Emma , Stokes Elen
Published: September 2024

Trusted by generations of students and academics alike, Environmental Law continues to provide, in its tenth edition, broad and comprehensive coverage of the key topics taught on most environmental law courses, explaining the subject in its wider context, and considering both UK and international perspectives and the continuing relevance of EU environmental law. Known for its clear structure and systematic approach, the book considers topics by theme and by sector, allowing more experienced readers to explore the intricacies of the subject while also providing a logical introduction for those new to environmental law or without a legal background. A clear and easy-to-understand writing style helps ensure readers are informed yet not overwhelmed, while useful diagrams and tables help to explain complex points. The new edition also features case studies, information boxes, and self-test questions to help draw out key points and consolidate your learning in preparation for assessments and further research. New to this edition are, amongst other things: discussions of the impact of Brexit on UK environmental law, including the Environment Act 2021 and the creation of the Office for Environmental Protection, as well as the increasing scope for divergence of environmental law across the UK administrations; major revisions to coverage of waste law to consider the role of law in a circular economy; coverage of important cases such as Fearn v Tate Gallery on nuisance, Finch on environmental assessment and indirect climate effects, further ClientEarth air pollution litigation; Coöperatie Mobilisation (the EU Habitats Directive and nutrient neutrality); and analysis of the new ‘net zero’ duty under the Climate Change Act 2008, legal challenges to how this is being implemented, and other recent climate change developments such as the effect of the effect of the Paris Climate Agreement in national decision-making (Friends of the Earth v Heathrow Airport).
15. Climate change
Authors: Bell Stuart , McGillivray Donald , Pedersen Ole W. , Lees Emma , Stokes Elen
Published: September 2024

This chapter discusses the international, European, and domestic initiatives adopted in response to climate change. The focus is on the development of the international legal regime found in the United Nations Framework Convention and other areas of international law, including human rights law, as well as EU law. The chapter also explores the domestic responses found in the Climate Change Act 2008 with its focus on long-term targets and the legal significance of these.
18. Water pollution and water quality
Authors: Bell Stuart , McGillivray Donald , Pedersen Ole W. , Lees Emma , Stokes Elen
Published: September 2024

This chapter focuses on the main sources of water pollution and the regulatory challenges these give rise to. The chapter includes a historical analysis of the main regulatory responses in the UK before focusing on the important EU-derived rules, which continue to influence UK law, focusing on the Water Framework Directive. Another important feature explored is the overlap between the specific regimes for water pollution and other regulatory controls such as the environmental permitting system, and the economic regulation of water and sewerage companies. Discussion of enforcement and private law controls is also included.