bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Case 06—A fatal dance: a case report of a pulmonary embolism with mobile right ventricular thrombus
Authors: Gonçalves Carolina Miguel , Carvalho Mariana , Vazão Adriana , Fernandes Sara , Cabral Margarida , Carvalho Rita , Martins Hélia , Saraiva Fátima , Morais João
Published: October 2022

Presentation

We report a case of a 44-year-old woman with past medical history of dyslipidemia under atorvastatin, overweight and depression, that presented to the emergency department with a 1-month history of dyspnea. On physical examination, blood pressure was within normal range, however she was hypoxemic, needing oxygen via nasal cannula, and tachycardic. Pulmonary auscultation revealed basal crackles. Blood workup showed discrete leukocytosis, increased C-reactive protein, mild hypertransaminasemia and increased troponin and NT-proBNP levels. An EKG revealed sinus tachycardia with 123 beats per minute. A D-shaped left ventricle, an enlarged right ventricle and right heart mobile thrombus were observed in a transthoracic echocardiogram.

Diagnosis

Scoring 2 points on simplified Wells’ Score and with a visible mobile right ventricular thrombus, pulmonary embolism was suspected and further confirmed by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography. Management: In the absence of hemodynamic instability this case fulfils criteria for intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism. Therefore, anticoagulation with enoxaparin was started under strict electrocardiographic monitoring. Unfortunately, a day later the patient had a sudden cardiac arrest in asystole, with no recuperation after prolonged advanced life support and administration of rescue thrombolysis (alteplase 50mg).

Learning points
The Central Bank Strikes Back! Credibility of Monetary Policy under Fiscal Influence
Authors: Camous Antoine , Matveev Dmitry
Published: October 2022

How should independent central banks react if pressured by fiscal policymakers? We contrast the implications of two monetary frameworks: one, where the central bank follows a standard rule aiming exclusively at price stability against the other, where monetary policy additionally leans against fiscal influence. The latter rule improves economic outcomes by providing appropriate incentives to the fiscal authority. More importantly, the additional fiscal conditionality can enhance the credibility of the central bank to achieve price stability. We emphasise how the level and structure of government debt emerge as key factors affecting the credibility of monetary policy with fiscal conditionality.
Visceral Politics and Its Impact on US Foreign Policy Decision-Making
Authors: Houghton David Patrick , Mendez Alvaro
Published: October 2022

Growing understanding of the connections between the mind and the body, and of the ways in which interoception influences decision-making, may well revolutionize our understanding of how decisions are reached in foreign policy analysis, drawing attention to a phenomenon which has been termed “visceral politics.” Applying the somatic marker theory to an understanding of political decision-making, this manuscript briefly analyses President William McKinley's decision-making prior to the Spanish–American War, Secretary of State Cyrus Vance's decisions about the Iran hostage rescue mission, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright's Kosovo decision-making, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates’ decisions about the Bin Laden raid, and National Security Adviser Susan Rice's decision-making about Syria. We draw these five disparate but related examples together in order to illustrate the impact of somatic markers on foreign policy decision-making, a role hitherto neglected in the literature.
Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates from poultry farms
Authors: Qin Xiaojie , Xiao Linlin , Li Jiaming , Yang Mingzhe , Yang Changying , Dong Qingli
Published: October 2022

Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) has been recognized as an emerging foodborne pathogen in recent years. It can cause human salmonellosis predominated by the contamination of animal-derived foods such as raw poultry and pork. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity, plasmid replicon types, and antibiotic resistance of 15 S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates collected from two poultry farms using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing, and minimum inhibitory concentration approach. Ten different PFGE genotypes were detected, indicating a high diversity among these S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Three sequence types (ST19, ST1544, ST34) were identified by MLST. Among them, ST1544 was first detected in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates from poultry farms. All isolates were resistant to cefazolin, cefotetan, tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin, but susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ertapenem. Five incompatibility groups (Inc) of plasmids were identified, including IncFIIs (66.7%), IncHI2 (20%), IncI1 (6.7%), IncN (6.7%), and IncQ (6.7%). Among these isolates, 80% carried at least one plasmid replicon type, and 20% carried multiple plasmid replicon types. Interestingly, the multidrug-resistant isolate 263 carried numerous resistance genes (i.e. qnrS, aac(6ʹ)-Ib-cr, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-9, blaOXA-1, sul1, sul2, sul3, floR, and mcr-1) and class I integronase gene intI1, which possessed both IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids, suggesting that resistance genes may be horizontally transferred by the combination of IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids. Collectively, antibiotic-resistant S.1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates were first found in poultry farm environments in China, and surveillance should be strengthened to prevent their further spread from poultry farms to foods.
The Mediating Role of Inflammation in the Relationship Between α-Synuclein and Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Dabiri Sanaz , Ramírez Ruiz Mara I , Jean-Louis Girardin , Ntekim Oyonumo E , Obisesan Thomas O , Campbell Alfonso L , Mwendwa Denée T ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests that α-synuclein plays a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study examined whether α-synuclein level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was associated with cognitive functioning among older adults. We also explored whether this relationship was mediated by proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, along with sIL-6R and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Using a cross-sectional Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 148) sample, we examined the relationship between α-synuclein and participants’ performance on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog 13) at baseline. Mediation analyses were utilized, adjusting for age, education, APOEe4, and Geriatric Depression Scale scores. All biological markers were measured in CSF. Participants in the current sample were 58.3% males, 41.7% females, and Caucasian (95.5%); their average education and age were 15.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.97) and 74.4 (SD = 7.51) years, respectively. Higher accumulation of α-synuclein was associated with poorer MMSE scores (β = −0.41, standard error [SE] = 1.54, p < .001). This relationship appeared to be mediated by VEGF (β = 0.27, SE = 2.15, p = .025) and IL-6r (β = 0.22, SE = 1.66, p < .026). In addition, α-synuclein was associated with poorer performance on the ADAS-Cog 13 (β = 0.34, p = .005) and mediated by VEGF (β = −0.19, SE = 4.13, p = .025) after adjusting for age, education, APOEe4, and depressive symptoms. α-Synuclein may serve as an additional biomarker for determining poor cognitive functioning. VEGF and IL-6 soluble receptors were significant mediators of the relationship between α-synuclein and cognitive functioning. If confirmed in prospective analyses, these findings can further inform the pathologic cascade and early diagnosis of AD.
Greater Phosphorylation of AMPK and Multiple AMPK Substrates in the Skeletal Muscle of 24-Month-Old Calorie Restricted Compared to Ad-Libitum Fed Male Rats
Authors: Zheng Amy , Kwak Seong Eun , Birk Jesper B , Arias Edward B , Thorley Dominic , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F P , Cartee Gregory D
Published: October 2022

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved, heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase with critical sensory and regulatory functions, is proposed to induce antiaging actions of caloric restriction (CR). Although earlier studies assessed CR’s effects on AMPK in rodent skeletal muscle, the scope of these studies was narrow with a limited focus on older animals. This study’s purpose was to fill important knowledge gaps related to CR’s influence on AMPK in skeletal muscle of older animals. Therefore, using epitrochlearis muscles from 24-month-old ad-libitum fed (AL) and CR (consuming 65% of AL intake for 8 weeks), male Fischer-344 × Brown Norway F1 rats, we determined: (a) AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation (a key regulatory site) by immunoblot; (b) AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 activity (representing the 2 catalytic α-subunits of AMPK), and AMPKγ3 activity (representing AMPK complexes that include the skeletal muscle-selective regulatory γ3 subunit) using enzymatic assays; (c) phosphorylation of multiple protein substrates that are linked to CR-related effects (acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC], that regulates lipid oxidation; Beclin-1 and ULK1 that are autophagy regulatory proteins; Raptor, mTORC1 complex protein that regulates autophagy; TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 that regulate glucose uptake) by immunoblot; and (d) ATP and AMP concentrations (key AMPK regulators) by mass spectrometry. The results revealed significant CR-associated increases in the phosphorylation of AMPKThr172 and 4 AMPK substrates (ACC, Beclin-1, TBC1D1, and TBC1D4), without significant diet-related differences in ATP or AMP concentration or AMPKα1-, AMPKα2-, or AMPKγ3-associated activity. The enhanced phosphorylation of multiple AMPK substrates provides novel mechanistic insights linking AMPK to functionally important consequences of CR.
Present–day crustal deformation across the Daliang Shan, southeastern Tibetan Plateau constrained by a dense GPS network
Authors: Li Yuhang , Song Shangwu , Hao Ming , Zhuang Wenquan , Cui Duxin , Yang Fan , Wang Qingliang
Published: October 2022

The Daliang Shan is a tectonic unit that connects the active southeastern Tibetan Plateau with the stable South China block. As a newly generated (formed later than the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang active fault system) seismotectonic zone induced by the Tibetan tectonics, the detailed constraints of the crustal deformation are central to the understanding of the kinematics and dynamics of the Tibetan expansion. This paper establishes and analyses a high-spatial resolution global positioning system (GPS) velocity field from a dense GPS network in this region. Our modelling results indicate that, in contrast to the equivalent sinistral strike-slip rate of approximately 5 mm yr–1 on the Anninghe–Zemuhe and Daliangshan faults, their inferred interseismic locking depth varies within a large range. The southern segment of the Anninghe Fault and the middle segment of the Daliangshan Fault have deep locking depths of ∼13 km, indicating that the seismic risk is high in these areas. In addition, the detectable counter-clockwise rotation rate of 0.35 ± 0.12° Myr–1 of the Mabian block makes a significant contribution of ∼50 per cent to the strike-slip motion on its boundary faults. This counter-clockwise rotation may be induced by a left-lateral shear gradient with southeastward motion relative to the South China-fixed reference frame, indicating the significance of a simple-shear pattern in exploring the kinematics of the encroachment of the Tibetan tectonics upon a stable block (craton).
A parallel adaptive finite-element approach for 3-D realistic controlled-source electromagnetic problems using hierarchical tetrahedral grids
Authors: Liu Zhengguang , Ren Zhengyong , Yao Hongbo , Tang Jingtian , Lu Xushan , Farquharson Colin
Published: October 2022

To effectively and efficiently interpret or invert controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data which are recorded in areas with the kind of complex geological environments and arbitrary topography that are typical, 3-D CSEM forward modelling software that can quickly solve large-scale problems, provide accurate electromagnetic responses for complex geo-electrical models and can be easily incorporated into inversion algorithms are required. We have developed a parallel goal-oriented adaptive mesh refinement finite-element approach for frequency-domain 3-D CSEM forward modelling with hierarchical tetrahedral grids that can offer accurate electromagnetic responses for large-scale complex models and that can efficiently serve for inversion. The approach uses the goal-oriented adaptive vector finite element method to solve the total electric field vector equation. The geo-electrical model is discretized by unstructured tetrahedral grids which can deal with complex underground geological models with arbitrary surface topography. Different from previous adaptive finite element software working on unstructured tetrahedral grids, we have utilized a novel mesh refinement technique named the longest edge bisection method to generate hierarchically refined grids. As the refined grids are nested into the coarse grids, the refinement technique can precisely map the electrical parameters of inversion grids onto the forward modelling grids so that the extra numerical errors generated by the inconsistency of electrical parameters between inversion grids and forward modelling grids are eliminated. In addition, we use the parallel domain-decomposition technique to further accelerate the computations, and the flexible generalized minimum residual solver (FGMRES) with an auxiliary Maxwell solver pre-conditioner to solve the final large-scale system of linear equations. In the end, we validate the performance of the proposed scheme using two synthetic models and one realistic model. We demonstrate that accurate electromagnetic fields can be obtained by comparison with the analytic solutions and that the code is highly scalable for large-scale problems with millions or even hundreds of millions of unknowns. For the synthetic 3-D model and the realistic model with complex geometry, our solutions match well with the results calculated by an existing 3-D CSEM forward modelling code. Both synthetic and realistic examples demonstrate that our newly developed code is an effective, efficient forward modelling engine for interpreting CSEM field data acquired in areas of complex geology and topography.
7. Duration of Copyright
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines the debate over the question of the appropriate period of protection that ought to be granted to copyright works, with emphasis on literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works as well as films and entrepreneurial works (sound recordings, broadcasts, and typographical arrangements of published editions). It begins by considering the provisions of the EU Term Directive with regards to the duration of protection for such works and then discusses a number of exceptions to the general rule that the duration of copyright works is life plus 70 years. It also analyses the so-called publication right provided to those who first publish works in which copyright has lapsed. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the optimal term of copyright protection.
9. Defences
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter deals with the exceptions that a person may invoke in defence when sued for copyright infringement. Most of these exceptions are referred to as ‘permitted acts’ in Chapter III of Part 1 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA 1988). The chapter begins by introducing six concepts that feature in many of the exceptions set out in the CDPA 1988: fair dealing, non-commercial use and not-for-profit users, lawful use, sufficient acknowledgement, relationship with contract, and dealings with copies made under exceptions. It then discusses the exceptions relating to non-commercial research or private study; text and data analysis; criticism or review; quotation and parody; disclosure in the public interest; uses of works for people with disabilities; public administration; databases, computer programs, and electronic programs; and artistic works and broadcasts.
23. Exploitation
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter looks at the many different ways in which patents may be exploited and some limits to exploitation. It first explains how patentees themselves can exploit the patent and considers two of the more common forms of voluntary uses: assignment and licence. It then describes situations in which compulsory licences are available and the compensation payable where the patent is used via a compulsory licence or by an employer or the Crown. Mortgages, testamentary dispositions, and registration of interests and transactions are also discussed, along with the effects of competition law on patent law. It also looks at employee compensation for their inventions. The chapter concludes by assessing compulsory licences under section 48 of the Patents Act 1977, the licensing and cross-licensing of biotechnological inventions, and compulsory licences for public health.
24. Rights Related to Patents
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter is concerned with two areas of law that are related to, but not traditionally part of, patent law: the system of plant variety that gives protection to the breeders of new plant varieties, and supplementary protection certificates that extend the length of patent protection in the UK and are meant to compensate owners for time lost while awaiting regulatory approval to market their patented products. The procedure to be followed when applying for plant variety rights is also discussed, along with issues of ownership, duration, and patent infringement. The chapter concludes by considering exceptions and compulsory licences relating to the plant variety system.
42. Exploitation and Use of Trade Marks
Authors: Bently L. , Sherman B. , Gangjee D. , Johnson P.
Published: October 2022

This chapter is concerned with the exploitation and use of trade marks under the Trade Marks Act 1994. It first considers the ownership of trade marks and ‘unregistered marks’ and the problems that arise in relation to co-ownership. It then describes the ways in which trade marks and ‘unregistered marks’ can be exploited (self-exploitation, assignment, voluntary licences, compulsory licences, mortgages, testamentary dispositions) as well as the limitations placed on the uses that can be made of a trade mark. Registration of interests and transactions is also discussed, and UK competition law is compared with that in Europe. In addition, the chapter presents a list of terms that are commonly used in trade mark licence agreements and the approach that competition law takes towards them. Finally, it outlines trade mark delimitation agreements.
The genie of independence and the European bottle: How independence became Europe’s most contentious legal and political category
Authors: Vauchez Antoine
Published: October 2022

Over the past decades, the notion of “independence” has become an object of contention in EU politics in fields ranging from monetary policies to rule-of-law standards, to regulatory agencies. This article takes a broad socio-genetic approach to question the deep-seated, cross-sectoral entanglement between EU polity and the notion of “independence.” It explains how the European Union has been a laboratory of the notion of “independence,” transforming it from a negative institutional device (independence from) into a broad empowering technology of supranational government connected to notions of general interest, professional expertise, and discretionary powers (independence for). The article analyzes the emergence of this European style of independence in conjunction with the jurisdictional claims and legitimizing efforts of the European Court of Justice (“the Court”), the European Commission, and the European Central Bank. The article examines three major EU constitutional crises from the inaugural years of the mid-1960s to the creation of an uber-independent European Central Bank in the 1990s and the more recent debates on judicial independence, and it traces how a controversy on the meaning and scope of independence unfolded in each of these critical junctures. The article is meant to spark a productive debate about Europe’s “independence wars” in view of framing a more robust, yet democratically open, notion of independence to which policymakers (whether European or national) could be held accountable.
On Channels of Energy for the Radial Linearised Energy Critical Wave Equation in the Degenerate Case
Authors: Collot Charles , Duyckaerts Thomas , Kenig Carlos , Merle Frank
Published: October 2022

Channels of energy estimates control the energy of an initial data from that which it radiates outside a light cone. For the linearised energy critical wave equation, they have been obtained in the radial case in odd dimensions, first in three dimensions in [8], then for the general case in [10]. We consider even dimensions, for which such estimates are known to fail [2]. We propose a weaker version of these estimates, around a single ground state as well as around a multisoliton. This allows us in [1] to prove the soliton resolution conjecture in six dimensions.
Decline in Severe Varicella Disease During the United States Varicella Vaccination Program: Hospitalizations and Deaths, 1990–2019
Authors: Marin Mona , Lopez Adriana S , Melgar Michael , Dooling Kathleen , Curns Aaron T , Leung Jessica
Published: October 2022

To describe the impact of the US varicella vaccination program on severe varicella outcomes, we analyzed varicella hospitalizations using the National Inpatient Sample 1993–2019 and varicella deaths using the National Center for Health Statistics data 1990–2019. Over 25 years of vaccination program (1995–2019), varicella hospitalizations, and deaths declined 94% and 97%, respectively, among persons aged <50 years. Most of the decline (∼90%) occurred during the 1-dose period (through 2006/2007) by attaining and maintaining high vaccination coverage; additional declines occurred during the 2-dose period, especially in the age groups covered by the 2-dose recommendation. The greatest decline for both hospitalizations and deaths (97% and >99%, respectively) was among persons aged <20 years, born during the varicella vaccination program. In the <20 age group, varicella hospitalization has become a rare event, and varicella deaths have been practically eliminated in the United States. A total of >10 500 varicella hospitalizations and 100 varicella deaths are now prevented annually in the United States as a direct result of vaccination and reduction in varicella-zoster virus circulation.
Health and Economic Impact of the United States Varicella Vaccination Program, 1996–2020
Authors: Zhou Fangjun , Leung Jessica , Marin Mona , Dooling Kathleen L , Anderson Tara C , Ortega-Sanchez Ismael R
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the health and economic impact of the varicella vaccination program on varicella disease in the United States (US), 1996–2020.

Methods

Analysis was conducted using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or published annual population-based varicella incidence, and varicella-associated hospitalization, outpatient visit, and mortality rates in the US population aged 0–49 years during 1996–2020 (range, 199.5–214.2 million persons) compared to before vaccination (1990–1994). Disease costs were estimated using the societal perspective. Vaccination program costs included costs of vaccine, administration, postvaccination adverse events, and travel and work time lost to obtain vaccination. All costs were adjusted to 2020 US dollars using a 3% annual discount rate. The main outcome measures were the number of varicella-associated cases, hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and premature deaths prevented; life-years saved; and net societal savings from the US varicella vaccination program.

Results

Among US persons aged 0–49 years, during 1996–2020, it is estimated that more than 91 million varicella cases, 238 000 hospitalizations, 1.1 million hospitalization days, and almost 2000 deaths were prevented and 118 000 life-years were saved by the varicella vaccination program, at net societal savings of $23.4 billion.

Conclusions

Varicella vaccination has resulted in substantial disease prevention and societal savings for the US over 25 years of program implementation.
Insights From Studies of the Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Immunogenicity of the Varicella Vaccine
Authors: Arvin Ann M
Published: October 2022

While the varicella vaccine was created with approaches established for other live attenuated viral vaccines, novel methods to probe virus-host interactions have been used to explore the genetics, pathogenesis, and immunogenicity of the vaccine compared to wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV). As summarized here, a mechanism-based understanding of the safety and efficacy of the varicella vaccine has been achieved through these investigations.
Diagnostic and Immunologic Testing for Varicella in the Era of High-Impact Varicella Vaccination: An Evolving Problem
Authors: Dollard Sheila , Chen Min-hsin , Lindstrom Stephen , Marin Mona , Rota Paul A
Published: October 2022

The clinical presentation of varicella in unvaccinated persons, with skin vesicles and scabs, has facilitated the use of rapid diagnostic methods for confirming disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are the diagnostic method of choice. The sharp decline in unmodified cases of varicella due to the US varicella vaccination program has led to fewer healthcare providers being familiar with varicella presentation and an increased reliance on laboratory diagnosis to confirm suspected cases. The mild, atypical presentation of the disease in vaccinated persons (fewer skin lesions, mostly maculopapular) has made it more challenging for providers to recognize and also to collect samples to detect the virus. Nonetheless, PCR is highly sensitive and specific in confirming modified disease if adequate samples are provided. While a positive PCR result is confirmatory, interpreting a negative result can prove to be more challenging in determining whether suspected varicella is falsely negative or attributable to other causes. Enhanced education of healthcare providers is critical for adequate specimen collection from modified varicella cases. In addition, more sensitive commercial serologic assays are needed in the United States for varicella immunity testing in the vaccine era.
Clinical Manifestations of Varicella: Disease Is Largely Forgotten, but It's Not Gone
Authors: Dooling Kathleen , Marin Mona , Gershon Anne A
Published: October 2022

After 25 years of varicella vaccination in the United States, classic varicella and its complications have become an uncommon occurrence. The clinical manifestation of varicella among vaccinated persons is usually modified, with fewer skin lesions, mostly maculopapular, and milder presentation. However, the potential for severe manifestations from varicella still exists among both vaccinated and unvaccinated persons, and thus healthcare providers should keep varicella in the differential diagnosis of a maculopapular or vesicular rash. The prompt recognition and diagnosis of varicella is important because when confirmed, clinical and public health measures need to be taken swiftly.
An Intensive Multidisciplinary Approach in Management of Extensive Nonuremic Calciphylaxis of the Bilateral Lower Extremities with Angioinvasive Fungus and Mold
Authors: Roberson Jeffrey L , Butt Zoya , Florez-Pollack Stephanie , Morgan Eric , Rosenbach Misha , Braslow Benjamin M , Yelon Jay A
Published: October 2022

Management of infected wounds related to calciphylaxis poses a significant clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Given no definitive management guidelines exist specific to nonuremic calciphylaxis, multiple modalities including sodium thiosulfate, antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and surgical debridement with wound care must be considered. When occurring over a large surface area, standard daily dressing changes are especially labor intensive, inefficient, and ineffective. Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time offers broad wound coverage with ongoing therapeutic benefit. We present the case of a previously healthy 19-year-old woman who was transferred for tertiary level care of extensive nonuremic calciphylaxis wounds of the bilateral lower extremities complicated by angioinvasive coinfection with fungus and mold that was managed with a multidisciplinary approach of intensive medical management, aggressive surgical debridement, and negative pressure wound therapy with instillation of hypochlorous acid solution. Ultimately, she achieved full granulation and wound coverage with skin grafting. Large area, infected wounds related to nonuremic calciphylaxis can be successfully managed with multidisciplinary medical management, aggressive surgical debridement, and negative pressure wound therapy that can instill and dwell hypochlorous acid solution.
Network activated frames: content sharing and perceived polarization in social media
Authors: Arugute Natalia , Calvo Ernesto , Ventura Tiago
Published: October 2022

Our article describes how users’ decisions to share content alter the frequencies of the frame elements observed by social media peers. Changes in the frequency of distinct frame elements shape how individuals interpret, classify and define situations and events. We label this process Network Activated Frames (NAFs). We test the mechanisms behind NAF with an original image-based conjoint design that replicates network activation in three surveys. Results show that partisans share more content than nonpartisans and that their preferences differ from those of nonpartisans. Our findings show that a network of peers with cross-cutting ideological preferences may be perceived as a bubble if partisans amplify content they like at higher rates. Beginning with fully randomized probabilities, the output from our experiments is more extreme than the preferences of the median users, as partisans activate more and different frame elements than nonpartisans. We implement the experiments in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico.
Relative stable interannual variation in plant–plant pollen transfer rather than the plant–pollinator network of a subalpine meadow
Authors: Fang Qiang , Guo Shiyun , Zhang Tao , Tang Xiaoxin
Published: October 2022

Previous studies have shown that plant–pollinator mutualistic interactions experience highly interannual variation. Given that pollinators often move across multiple plant species, the plant–plant interactions that take place via heterospecific pollen (HP) transfer may also vary temporally, which could have important implications for floral evolution and community assembly. Here, we evaluated the interannual variation in plant–pollinator networks and plant–plant heterospecific pollen transfer (HPT) networks of a subalpine meadow community in Southwest China for three consecutive years. The interactions largely varied among years for both network types. The composition of donor-species HP deposited on the plants varied less than did the visit composition of the pollinators, suggesting that HP could be transferred from identical donor species to recipient species through different shared pollinators among years. The plant species were at more similar positions in the HPT network than they were in the plant–pollinator network across years. Moreover, the more generalized plant species in the plant–pollinator network tended to export their pollen grains and more strongly influence HPT. We evaluated the relatively stable structure of the HPT network compared with the plant–pollinator network, which represents an important step in the integration of plant–pollinator and plant–plant interactions.
Robotic-assisted extraction of giant gastric trichobezoar: a case report
Authors: Serpa Eduardo , Luciano Emmanuel , Pacheco Felipe , Ghanem Maher
Published: October 2022

Trichobezoar is a rare condition, almost exclusively seen in young females with certain psychiatric disorders. Trichobezoars are usually confined within the stomach and the complications include ulceration, perforation, intussusception and obstruction for which surgery is usually required. Most of the reported cases of giant gastric trichobezoar extraction underwent an exploratory laparotomy with only a few reported cases that underwent a successful laparoscopic approach. This case report details the surgical management of the first case of a giant obstructing gastric trichobezoar extraction using robotic-assisted surgery.
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma single urinary bladder metastasis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zachos Ioannis , Mitrakas Lampros , Karasavvidou Foteini , Karatzas Anastasios , Tzortzis Vassilios
Published: October 2022

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent solid lesion accounting for ~90% of all kidney malignancies. Clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) represents the most frequent subtype. Urinary bladder is a rare metastatic site either synchronous or metachronous. Hereby, we report the case of an 85-year-old male patient with a single urinary bladder metastasis due to ccRCC and we present a review of the literature.
Assessment of ecosystem services for urban regions in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals exemplified by the Bonn/Rhein-Sieg region
Authors: Klement Johannes , Mutke Jens , Weigend Maximilian , Terlau Wiltrud
Published: October 2022

The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the conservation and protection of nature are among the greatest challenges facing urban regions. There are few approaches so far that link the SDGs to natural diversity and related ecosystem services at the local level and track them in terms of increasing sustainable development at the local level. We want to close this gap by developing a set of indicators that capture ecosystem services in the sense of the SDGs and which are based on data that are freely available throughout Germany and Europe. Based on 10 SDGs and 35 SDG indicators, we are developing an ecosystem service and biodiversity-related indicator set for the evaluation of sustainable development in urban areas. We further show that it is possible to close many of the data gaps between SDGs and locally collected data mentioned in the literature and to translate the universal SDGs to the local level. Our example develops this set of indicators for the Bonn/Rhein-Sieg metropolitan area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, which comprises both rural and densely populated settlements. This set of indicators can also help improve communication and plan sustainable development by increasing transparency in local sustainability, implementing a visible sustainability monitoring system, and strengthening the collaboration between local stakeholders.
Implementing energy transition and SDGs targets throughout energy community schemes
Authors: Cappellaro Francesca , D’Agosta Gianluca , De Sabbata Piero , Barroco Felipe , Carani Claudia , Borghetti Alberto , Lambertini Luca , Nucci Carlo Alberto
Published: October 2022

Citizens are expected to play a great role in the future global energy transition, being able to give a decisive contribution to limit global warming to 1.5° and avoid the worst consequences. Empowering citizens is crucial and assigning them the role of prosumers in the new energy market is necessary to ensure a sustainable and fair pathway to the low-carbon energy transition. Creating energy communities (ECs) can also engage citizens by providing flexibility and ancillary services, reducing losses and curtailments in the grid. It also yields environmental and social benefits, activating virtuous circles in the local economy aligned with the SDGs of Agenda 2030.

We illustrate the experience of an EC implementation, using GECO-Green Energy COmmunity project, as a case study. In particular, the in-depth qualitative analysis of the project from a social and technical perspective is provided. The GECO Project is active in the districts of Pilastro and Roveri, Bologna, Italy, being implemented by a consortium including the Energy and Sustainable Development Agency (AESS), the National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) and the University of Bologna (UniBo). Our findings show the potential interconnections among the development of an ECs and SDGs, especially goals 7, 11, 12 and 13. Placing ECs and prosumers at the centre of the international debate may deliver a more sustainable paradigm in the energy sector, in line with the climate change needs and community approaches.
The double-lined spectroscopic binary orbit of the massive supergiant HD 152147: A new target for interferometry
Authors: Putkuri C , Gamen R , Benvenuto O G , Morrell N I , Barbá R H , Higa R , Arias J I
Published: October 2022

We present a new spectroscopic orbit of the O-type binary system HD 152147. We identify absorption lines in both components and use their radial velocities to determine the orbit, which results in a period of P = 50.2199 ± 0.0007 d, an eccentricity e = 0.738 ± 0.007, and a mean separation between the components of asin i = 151 ± 1 R⊙. Considering that the distance to the system is 1600 pc, this implies an angular separation of ∼0.44 mas, making it suitable for modern interferometric observations. In addition, we determine the fundamental stellar parameters of each component by means of a quantitative spectral analysis. We obtain Ma = 31.9−34.6 M⊙ and Ra = 17−24 R⊙ for the primary, and Mb = 14−15 M⊙ and Rb = 5−10 R⊙ for the secondary. We apply models with rotation to try to characterize the evolutionary status of the HD 152147 system. We find that the two components are compatible with a common age of 4.5 Myr. We also detect variations in the profile of Hα that are not modulated by the orbital cycle. Moreover, TESS photometry also presents intrinsic variability and was analysed for periodicities. We find a most relevant frequency of 20 times the orbital one, in a TESS data set that includes the periastron passage, and we interpret it as a tidally induced pulsation that seems to dissipate on a time-scale shorter than the orbital cycle because it is not present in another TESS data set that nearly covers the apoastron.
Spectral variability in NGC 1042 ULX1
Authors: Ghosh Tanuman , Rana Vikram
Published: October 2022

We report X-ray spectral variability in an ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1042 ULX1, using archival XMM-Newton and recent NuSTAR observations. In long-term evolution, the source has shown a trend of variation in spectral hardness. The variability in different XMM-Newton observations is prominent above ∼1 keV. Cool thermal disc component with a characteristic temperature of ∼0.2 keV manifests that the spectral state of NGC 1042 ULX1 in all epochs is similar to that of the ultraluminous state sources. An apparent anti-correlation between luminosity and power-law index demonstrates that the source becomes spectrally harder when it is in a brighter state. That is conceivably related to variation in accretion rate, strength of Comptonization, wind/outflow in the system or a manifestation of varying disc occultation. Typical hard ultraluminous-type spectra indicate that NGC 1042 ULX1 is a low inclination system in general. Spectral properties suggest that, like many other ULXs which show spectral curvature around ∼6–10 keV, NGC 1042 ULX1 could be another stellar-mass super-Eddington accretor.
Stability analysis of planetary systems via second-order Rényi entropy
Authors: Kovács Tamás , Pszota Máté , Kővári Emese , Forgács-Dajka Emese , Sándor Zsolt
Published: October 2022

The long-term dynamical evolution is a crucial point in recent planetary research. Although the amount of observational data are continuously growing and the precision allows us to obtain accurate planetary orbits, the canonical stability analysis still requires N-body simulations and phase space trajectory investigations. We propose a method for stability analysis of planetary motion based on the generalized Rényi entropy obtained from a scalar measurement. The radial velocity data of the central body in the gravitational three-body problem are used as the basis of a phase space reconstruction procedure. Then, Poincaré’s recurrence theorem contributes to finding a natural partitioning in the reconstructed phase space to obtain the Rényi entropy. It turns out that the entropy-based stability analysis is in good agreement with other chaos detection methods, and it requires only a few tens of thousands of orbital period integration time.
Two modes of LyC escape from bursty star formation: implications for [C ii] deficits and the sources of reionization
Authors: Katz Harley , Saxena Aayush , Rosdahl Joki , Kimm Taysun , Blaizot Jeremy , Garel Thibault , Michel-Dansac Leo , Haehnelt Martin , Ellis Richard S , Penterrici Laura , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne
Published: October 2022

We use the SPHINX20 cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulation to study how Lyman continuum (LyC) photons escape from galaxies and the observational signatures of this escape. We define two classes of LyC leaker: Bursty Leakers and Remnant Leakers, based on their star formation rates (SFRs) that are averaged over 10 Myr (SFR10) or 100 Myr (SFR100). Both have $f_{\rm esc}\gt 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and experienced an extreme burst of star formation, but Bursty Leakers have SFR10 > SFR100, while Remnant Leakers have SFR10 < SFR100. The maximum SFRs in these bursts were typically ∼100 times greater than the SFR of the galaxy prior to the burst, a rare 2σ outlier among the general high-redshift galaxy population. Bursty Leakers are qualitatively similar to ionization-bounded nebulae with holes, exhibiting high ionization parameters and typical H ii region gas densities. Remnant Leakers show properties of density-bounded nebulae, having normal ionization parameters but much lower H ii region densities. Both types of leaker exhibit [C ii]158μm deficits on the [C ii]–SFR100 relation, while only Bursty Leakers show deficits when SFR10 is used. We predict that [C ii] luminosity and SFR indicators such as H α and M$_{\rm 1500\mathring{\rm A}}$ can be combined to identify both types of LyC leaker and the mode by which photons are escaping. These predictions can be tested with [C ii] observations of known z = 3–4 LyC leakers. Finally, we show that leakers with $f_{\rm esc}\gt 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ dominate the ionizing photon budget at z ≳ 7.5 but the contribution from galaxies with $f_{\rm esc}\lt 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ becomes significant at the tail-end of reionization.
Dynamical cluster masses from photometric surveys
Authors: Contigiani Omar , Hoekstra Henk , Brouwer Margot M , Dvornik Andrej , Fortuna Maria Cristina , Sifón Cristóbal , Yan Ziang , Vakili Mohammadjavad
Published: October 2022

The masses of galaxy clusters can be measured using data obtained exclusively from wide photometric surveys in one of two ways: directly from the amplitude of the weak lensing signal or, indirectly, through the use of scaling relations calibrated using binned lensing measurements. In this paper, we build on a recently proposed idea and implement an alternative method based on the radial profile of the satellite distribution. This technique relies on splashback, a feature associated with the apocentre of recently accreted galaxies that offers a clear window into the phase-space structure of clusters without the use of velocity information. We carry out this dynamical measurement using the stacked satellite distribution around a sample of luminous red galaxies in the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey and validate our results using abundance-matching and lensing masses. To illustrate the power of this measurement, we combine dynamical and lensing mass estimates to robustly constrain scalar–tensor theories of gravity at cluster scales. Our results exclude departures from General Relativity of the order of unity. We conclude the paper by discussing the implications for future data sets. Because splashback mass measurements scale only with the survey volume, stage-IV photometric surveys are well-positioned to use splashback to provide high-redshift cluster masses.
Spatial metallicity distribution statistics at ≲100 pc scales in the AMUSING++ nearby galaxy sample
Authors: Li Zefeng , Wisnioski Emily , Mendel J Trevor , Krumholz Mark R , Kewley Lisa J , López-Cobá Carlos , Sánchez Sebastián F , Anderson Joseph P , Galbany Lluís
Published: October 2022

We analyse the spatial statistics of the 2D gas-phase oxygen abundance distributions in a sample of 219 local galaxies. We introduce a new adaptive binning technique to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of weak lines, which we use to produce well-filled metallicity maps for these galaxies. We show that the two-point correlation functions computed from the metallicity distributions after removing radial gradients are in most cases well-described by a simple injection–diffusion model. Fitting the data to this model yields the correlation length lcorr, which describes the characteristic interstellar medium (ISM) mixing length-scale. We find typical correlation lengths lcorr ∼ 1 kpc, with a strong correlation between lcorr and stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and effective radius, and a weak correlation with Hubble type. Two galaxies in the sample show significantly larger lcorr, and both prove to be interacting or merging systems. We show that the trend of lcorr with SFR can be reproduced by a simple transport + feedback model of ISM turbulence at high SFR, and plausibly also at low SFR if dwarf galaxy winds have large mass-loading factors. We also report the first measurements of the injection width that describes the initial radii over which supernova remnants deposit metals. Inside this radius the metallicity correlation function is not purely the product of a competition between injection and diffusion. We show that this size scale is generally smaller than 60 pc.
Survey for distant solar twins (SDST) – II. Design, observations, and data
Authors: Liu(刘凡) Fan , Murphy Michael T , Lehmann Christian , Flynn Chris , Smith Daniel , Kos Janez , Berke Daniel A , Martell Sarah L
Published: October 2022

Studies of solar twins have key impacts on the astronomical community, but only ∼100–200 nearby solar twins (<1 kpc) have been reliably identified over the last few decades. The aim of our survey (SDST) is to identify ∼150–200 distant solar twins and analogues (up to ≲4 kpc) closer to the Galactic Centre. We took advantage of the precise Gaia and Skymapper surveys to select Sun-like candidates in a 2-deg field, which were observed with the HERMES spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. We successfully built up the required signal-to-noise ratio (25-per-pixel in the HERMES red band) for most targets as faint as Gaia G of 17.4 mag. The stellar photometric/astrometric parameters (e.g. Teff, log g, mass) of our candidates are derived in this paper, while the spectroscopic parameters will be presented in the third paper in this SDST series. The selection success rate – the fraction of targets which belong to solar twins or analogues – was estimated from simulated survey data and the Besançon stellar population model, and compared with the actual success rate of the survey. We find that expected and actual success rates agree well, indicating that the numbers of solar twins and analogues we discover in SDST are consistent with expectations, affirming the survey approach. These distant solar analogues are prime targets for testing for any variation in the strength of electromagnetism in regions of higher dark matter density, and can make additional contributions to our understanding of, e.g. Galactic chemical evolution in the inner Milky Way.