bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropical Pacific SST Drivers of Recent Antarctic Sea Ice Trends
Authors: Purich Ariaan , England Matthew H. , Cai Wenju , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Timmermann Axel , Fyfe John C. , Frankcombe Leela , Meehl Gerald A. , Arblaster Julie M.
Published: September 2016

A strengthening of the Amundsen Sea low from 1979 to 2013 has been shown to largely explain the observed increase in Antarctic sea ice concentration in the eastern Ross Sea and decrease in the Bellingshausen Sea. Here it is shown that while these changes are not generally seen in freely running coupled climate model simulations, they are reproduced in simulations of two independent coupled climate models: one constrained by observed sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific and the other by observed surface wind stress in the tropics. This analysis confirms previous results and strengthens the conclusion that the phase change in the interdecadal Pacific oscillation from positive to negative over 1979–2013 contributed to the observed strengthening of the Amundsen Sea low and the associated pattern of Antarctic sea ice change during this period. New support for this conclusion is provided by simulated trends in spatial patterns of sea ice concentrations that are similar to those observed. These results highlight the importance of accounting for teleconnections from low to high latitudes in both model simulations and observations of Antarctic sea ice variability and change.
Investigating the Structural Change in Protein Aqueous Solution Using Temperature-Dependent Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Fan Mengli , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang
Published: September 2016

The circulatory protein, human serum albumin (HSA), is widely used as a model protein for the study of protein structure. In this work, the structures of human serum albumin in aqueous solutions are studied using temperature-dependent near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with the aid of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Near-infrared spectra of human serum albumin solutions with different concentrations were measured over a temperature range of 30–85 ℃. Then, continuous wavelet transform was performed on the spectra to enhance the resolution. As a result of the resolution enhancement, spectral bands around 4361, 4521, 4600 and 4260 cm−1 were extracted from the overlapping low-resolution signals. The four bands can be assigned to the protein structures of α-helix, β-sheet, an intermediate state and side chains, respectively. The variations in intensity of the bands around 4361 and 4521 cm−1 with temperature show that the increase of temperature leads to the loss of α-helical structure but the formation of β-sheet, and the denaturation temperature of human serum albumin is about 55 ℃. The variation of the band around 4600 cm−1 indicates that the temperature-induced unfolding process of human serum albumin occurs through a stable intermediate state, and a significant change in the microenvironment of the side chains about 63 ℃ is observed from the variation of the band around 4260 cm−1. On the other hand, the transformed spectra in the region of 8000–5600 cm−1 provide an explicit evidence for the structural changes of water during the process of protein denaturation, and the unfolding process of HSA can be reflected by these changes.
God’s Eternal Yes!: An Exposition and Development of Lonergan’s Psychological Analogy of the Trinity
Authors: Dadosky John D.
Published: September 2016

This article presents an overview of Lonergan’s psychological analogy of the Trinity with some proposed clarifications and developments. By way of presentation, it introduces the readers to Lonergan’s early psychological analogy in his Triune God: Systematics in the context of contemporary theological reflection on the Trinity. Two developments are then presented, the first, following Robert Doran, is to develop the analogy as a proceeding Word of affirmation or God’s eternal Yes. Several examples are presented to show the provocative nature of this proposed development including the Church’s relationship with the Jews, Mariology, and Barth’s Christology. Second, I explore an interpretation proposed by Doran in order to reconcile the earlier analogy with Lonergan’s later analogy in light of Ignatian spiritual theology, therefore retaining the fittingness of both analogies. Finally, I propose a qualification of Doran’s fecund solution.
Nonconformal mesh-based finite element strategy for 3D textile composites
Authors: Wucher B , Hallström S , Dumas D , Pardoen T , Bailly C , Martiny Ph , Lani F
Published: September 2016

A finite element procedure is developed for the computation of the thermoelastic properties of textile composites with complex and compact two- and three-dimensional woven reinforcement architectures. The purpose of the method is to provide estimates of the properties of the composite with minimum geometrical modeling effort. The software TexGen is used to model simplified representations of complex textiles. This results in severe yarn penetrations, which prevent conventional meshing. A non-conformal meshing strategy is adopted, where the mesh is refined at material interfaces. Penetrations are mitigated by using an original local correction of the material properties of the yarns to account for the true fiber content. The method is compared to more sophisticated textile modeling approaches and successfully assessed towards experimental data selected from the literature.
Experimental and numerical study of process-induced total spring-in of corner-shaped composite parts
Authors: Çiçek K Furkan , Erdal Merve , Kayran Altan
Published: September 2016

Process-induced total spring-in of corner-shaped composite parts manufactured via autoclave-forming technique using unidirectional prepreg is studied both numerically and experimentally. In the numerical study, a three-dimensional finite element model which takes into account the cure shrinkage of the resin, anisotropic material properties of the composite part and the tool-part interaction is developed. The outcome of the numerical model is verified experimentally. For this purpose, U-shaped composite parts are manufactured via autoclave-forming technique. Process-induced total spring-in, due to the combined effect of material anisotropy and tool-part interaction, at different sections of the U-shaped parts are measured with use of the combination of the three-dimensional optical scanning technique and the generative shape design. Total spring-in determined by the numerical model is found to be in good agreement with the average total spring-in measured experimentally. The effect of tool-part interaction mechanism on the total spring-in is studied separately to ascertain its effect on the total spring-in behavior clearly. It is shown that with the proper modeling of the tool-part interaction, numerically determined total spring-in approaches the experimentally determined total spring-in.
The over-policing of the devil: A sociology of exorcism
Authors: Giordan Giuseppe , Possamai Adam
Published: September 2016

Discussing the social construction of the phenomenon of exorcism, this article illustrates how it is located in contemporary culture and specifically in the religious field. Following the study done by Michel de Certeau on the mass possession of the Ursulines’ convent of Loudun (France) in the 17th century, the authors differentiate between the ‘possessed’ and the ‘possessionists’, that is between those who are possessed by the devil and those who are convinced of the reality of possession.

Although the authors cannot claim that there has been a growth of possessed people, they make the claim that there has been an increase of ‘possessionists’ through the over-policing of the devil: the more the over-policing of the devil is practiced, the more people are likely to become ‘possessionist’ and believe in the increase of the presence of the devil.
Modeling the fiber length-scale response of Kevlar KM2 yarn during transverse impact
Authors: Sockalingam Subramani , Gillespie John W , Keefe Michael
Published: September 2016

In this study, transverse impact of a cylindrical projectile onto a 600 denier Kevlar KM2 yarn (400 individual fibers) is studied using a fiber length-scale three-dimensional finite element model to better understand projectile–fiber and fiber–fiber contact interactions on wave propagation and fiber failure within the yarn. A short time scale response indicates significant transverse compressive deformation in the fiber that increases with impact velocity. Fiber-level modeling predicts a flexural wave that induces curvatures in the fibers significant enough to induce compressive fiber kinking and fibrillation. A spreading wave normal to the direction of projectile impact develops and spreads the fibers at high velocity. The models predict bounce velocities of the individual fibers within the yarn that varies based on spatial location. These mechanisms result in non-uniform loading and progressive failure of fibers within the yarn. In addition, the models show a gradient in the axial tensile stress in the fiber cross-section at the location of failure. Current state-of-the-art experimental capabilities in yarn/fabric impact testing do not have the spatial resolution to track individual single-fiber micron length-scale deformations in real time. These fiber-level mechanisms may explain the experimentally observed lower breaking speed for yarns better the classic Smith solution, which assumes yarns are homogenous (i.e. individual fibers and their interactions are not considered) and loaded uniformly in tension (multi-axial loading and stress gradients are neglected).
Market heterogeneity and the determinants of Paris apartment prices: A quantile regression approach
Authors: Amédée-Manesme Charles-Olivier , Baroni Michel , Barthélémy Fabrice , des Rosiers Francois
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the heterogeneity of the Paris apartment market is addressed. For this purpose, quantile regression is applied – with market segmentation based on price deciles – and the hedonic price of housing attributes is computed for various price segments of the market. The approach is applied to a major data set managed by the Paris region notary office (Chambre des Notaires d’Île de France), which consists of approximately 156,000 transactions over the 2000–2006 period. Although spatial econometric methods could not be applied owing to the unavailability of geocodes, spatial dependence effects are shown to be adequately accounted for through an array of 80 location dummy variables. The findings suggest that the relative hedonic prices of several housing attributes differ significantly among deciles. In particular, the elasticity coefficient of the apartment size variable, which is 1.09 for the cheapest units, is down to 1.03 for the most expensive ones. The unit floor level, the number of indoor parking slots, as well as several neighbourhood attributes and location dummies all exhibit substantial implicit price fluctuations among deciles. Finally, the lower the apartment price, the higher the potential for price appreciation over time. While enhancing our understanding of the complex market dynamics that underlie residential choices in a major metropolis such as Paris, this research provides empirical evidence that the QR approach adequately captures heterogeneity among house price ranges, which simultaneously applies to housing stock, historical construct and social fabric.
The price premium for green-labelled housing: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Hongyu , Wu Jing
Published: September 2016

The Chinese central government introduced the ‘Chinese Green Building Label’ in 2008, which makes China one of the few developing countries with an official rating system of buildings’ performance in sustainability. This paper investigates the existence and magnitude of the price premium associated with this official green label in the residential sector. Based on a unique data set of green-labelled, newly built housing projects and their non-labelled counterparts from around the country in 2013, an empirical analysis suggests that the labelled housing projects attract a price premium of 6.9% compared with their non-labelled counterparts. Further analysis suggests that this official green label is more effective as a reliable signal of buildings’ energy efficiency in the Chinese context compared with developers’ self-advertised ‘greenness’. These results provide preliminary evidence that with this official rating system, the investment in buildings’ energy-efficiency could be potentially profitable for housing developers in China, and such profitability may herald a rapid development of the green housing market in urban China.
Psychometric Properties of the Modified Personal Diabetes Questionnaire Among Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cheng Li , Leung Doris Y. P. , Wu Yu-Ning , Sit Janet W. H. , Yang Miao-Yan , Li Xiao-Mei
Published: September 2016

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (C-PDQ). The PDQ was translated into Chinese using a forward and backward translation approach. After being reviewed by an expert panel, the C-PDQ was administered to a convenience sample of 346 adults with Type 2 diabetes. The Chinese version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (C-SDSCA) was also administered. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure for the Diet Knowledge, Decision-Making, and Eating Problems subscales and a two-factor structure for the barriers-related subscales. The criterion and convergent validity were supported by significant correlations of the subscales of the C-PDQ with the glycated hemoglobin values and the parallel subscales in the C-SDSCA, respectively. The C-PDQ subscales also showed acceptable internal consistency (α = .61–.89) and excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: .73–.96). The results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the C-PDQ. This comprehensive, patient-centered instrument could be useful to identify the needs, concerns, and priorities of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Governance by scandal? Eradicating sexual assault in the US military
Authors: Crosbie Thomas , Sass Jensen
Published: September 2016

This article examines the relationship between scandal and democracy through the case of sexual assault within the US military. Scandal is routinely seen as hostile to democracy. It signals either the corruption of prominent institutions or the decline of ethical journalism. But scandal may have a positive dimension in forcing tainted institutions to correct their course. To explore this thesis, we examine how the US military responded to news reports of sexual assault over a period of nearly four decades. During the first three decades of this period, news reports of sexual assault were widespread but largely ignored by military leaders. During the last decade, however, the fact that sexual assault was endemic but largely ignored by the armed forces triggered a scandal, one senior military figures were forced to address. In light of this case, the article concludes that scandal can function as a mechanism of democratic governance, where it compels social and ethical norms to be properly enforced.
The role of government co-investment funds in the supply of entrepreneurial finance: An assessment of the early operation of the UK Angel Co-investment Fund
Authors: Owen (Baldock) Robyn , Mason Colin
Published: September 2016

Co-investment funds – which invest alongside private investors, especially business angels – thereby leveraging their networks and experience and minimizing public sector transaction costs – are a recent approach by governments in various countries to address the early stage entrepreneurial funding gap which is perceived as a barrier to the ability of firms to scale-up. However, little literature exists on their operation, impact and effectiveness. This paper assesses the early operation of the UK’s Angel Co-investment Fund, established in 2011. Interview evidence from angels and business managers suggests that the Angel Co-investment Fund is improving the availability of finance by enabling firms to raise funding rounds of between £500,000 and £2 m, hence addressing some aspects of the broken finance escalator model. However, our evidence suggests that it is not yet impacting the supply side, either in terms of stimulating the formation of new angel groups or enhancing learning amongst less experienced angels. Some aspects of the operation of the investment process have attracted criticism from angels and entrepreneurs which need to be addressed. Nevertheless, there is sufficient evidence for positive impact to justify the scheme’s expansion.
The role of translation loops in policy mutation processes: State designated Bioenergy Regions in Germany
Authors: Albrecht Moritz
Published: September 2016

The study is framed by EU renewable energy policy mobility and evaluates six German state-designated Bioenergy Regions and their role in policy performance processes. Based on in-depth interviews with Bioenergy Region personnel it displays aspects that shape the rationalities of actors and (re)produces policy translation and implementation. The cases are framed by a concept of translation loops and display the regions as relational assemblages that shape processes of policy mutation and influence the performance of policy aims. The paper shows how translation processes based on the socio-spatial relations of the involved entities affect initial policy aims and their implementations, particularly in regard to the prioritisation of economic aspects over sustainability. It further stresses the problem of insular approaches in bioenergy development that hinder joint approaches and problematises the questionable consequences of rationalist-linear based best-practice examples utilised in policy adjustment processes.
Beyond associations: Do implicit beliefs play a role in smoking addiction?
Authors: Tibboel Helen , De Houwer Jan , Dirix Nicolas , Spruyt Adriaan
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives:

Influential dual-system models of addiction suggest that an automatic system that is associative and habitual promotes drug use, whereas a controlled system that is propositional and rational inhibits drug use. It is assumed that effects on the Implicit Association Test (IAT) reflect the automatic processes that guide drug seeking. However, results have been inconsistent, challenging: (1) the validity of addiction IATs; and (2) the assumption that the automatic system contains only simple associative information. We aimed to further test the validity of IATs that are used within this field of research using an experimental design. Second, we introduced a new procedure aimed at examining the automatic activation of complex propositional knowledge, the Relational Responding Task (RRT) and examine the validity of RRT effects in the context of smoking.

Methods:

In two experiments, smokers performed two different tasks: an approach/avoid IAT and a liking IAT in Experiment 1, and a smoking urges RRT and a valence IAT in Experiment 2. Smokers were tested once immediately after smoking and once after 10 hours of nicotine-deprivation.

Results:

None of the IAT scores were affected by the deprivation manipulation. RRT scores revealed a stronger implicit desire for smoking in the deprivation condition compared to the satiation condition.

Conclusions:

IATs that are currently used to assess automatic processes in addiction have serious drawbacks. Furthermore, the automatic system may contain not only associations but complex drug-related beliefs as well. The RRT may be a useful and valid tool to examine these beliefs.
Combined early treatment in hemiplegic attacks related to CACNA1A encephalopathy with brain oedema: Blocking the cascade?
Authors: Camia Francesca , Pisciotta Livia , Morana Giovanni , Schiaffino Maria Cristina , Renna Salvatore , Carrera Paola , Ferrari Maurizio , Baglietto Maria Giuseppina , Veneselli Edvige , Siri Laura , Mancardi Maria Margherita
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Variants in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13 result in a spectrum of neurological phenotypes ranging from familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine to congenital or progressive encephalopathies. Patients with CACNA1A variants often show acute attacks with ataxia or hemiplegia till coma, sometimes related to unilateral brain oedema. No guidelines for the medical management of these attacks are available since treatment is empiric, and many cases do not respond to common antimigraine drugs.

Case description

We report on the emergency personalized treatment protocol used in an 11 year-old girl with CACNA1A-related encephalopathy for the management of acute attacks of headache, hemiconvulsions and hemiplegia with coma.

Discussion

Combined corticosteroid pulses and hypertonic solution led to a reduction in severity and duration of acute attacks when administered in the early stages, characterized by migraine, seizure, fever, vomiting and impairment of consciousness associated to hemispheric slowing on the EEG.
Cortical Bony Thickening of the Lateral Intercondylar Wall: The Functional Attachment of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Norman Danielle , Metcalfe Andrew J. , Barlow Timothy , Hutchinson Charles E. , Thompson Peter J.M. , Spalding Timothy J.W. , Williams Mark A.
Published: September 2016

Background:

The anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has become the subject of much debate. There has been extensive study into attachment points of the native ligament, especially regarding the femoral attachment. Some of these studies have suggested that fibers in the ACL are of differing functional importance. Fibers with higher functional importance would be expected to exert larger mechanical stress on the bone. According to Wolff’s law, cortical thickening would be expected in these areas.

Purpose:

To examine cortical thickening in the region of the ACL footprint (ie, the functional footprint of the ACL).

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Using micro–computed tomography with resolutions ranging from 71 to 91 μm, the cortical thickness of the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch in 17 cadaveric knees was examined, along with surface topography. After image processing, the relationship between the cortical thickening and surface topology was visually compared.

Results:

A pattern of cortical thickening consistent with the functional footprint of the ACL was found. On average, this area was 3 times thicker than the surrounding bone and significantly thicker than the remaining lateral wall ( P < .0001). This thickening was roughly elliptical in shape (with a mean centroid at 23.5 h:31 t on a Bernard and Hertel grid) and had areas higher on the wall where greater thickness was present. The relationship to previously reported osseous landmarks was variable, although the patterns were broadly consistent with those reported in previous studies describing direct and indirect fibers of the ACL.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study are consistent with those of recent studies describing fibers in the ACL of differing functional importance. The area in which the thickening was found has been defined and is likely to represent the functional footprint of the ACL.

Clinical Relevance:

This information is of value to surgeons when determining the optimal place to position the femoral attachment site of the reconstructed ACL.
Development of an innovative sandwich composites for the protection of lower limbs against landmine explosions
Authors: Karahan Mehmet , Karahan Nevin
Published: September 2016

This article includes the results of blast tests that were performed with the aim of comparing the energy absorption and protection efficiencies of protective boots with different sole configurations. The tests were performed using a frangible leg model vestured with protective boots. Strain values were measured during the blast tests to determine the protection efficiencies of different sole configurations of the protective boots. Filling honeycomb cells with glass microspheres dramatically increased the energy absorption. In the type-3 samples, which were produced with these microspheres, the strain through the tibia axis decreased 83–47% for different explosive weights compared with the type-1 samples and 52–13% for different explosive weights compared with the type-2 samples; the type-1 and type-2 samples do not have glass microspheres. Bone damage and mine trauma score values show that the type-3 boot provides absolute protection against 40 g of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and that the injuries that occurred in the tests performed using 70 and 110 g of TNT can be reduced to a curable level without amputation.
Optimum Design of Composite Structures: A Literature Survey (1969–2009)
Authors: Sonmez Fazil O
Published: September 2016

Optimum structural design of composites is a research subject that has drawn the attention of many researchers for more than 40 years with a growing interest. In this study, a review of the literature on this subject is presented. The papers are classified according to the type of the composite structure optimized in those studies, the loading conditions, the objective function, the structural analysis method, the design variables, the constraints, the failure criteria, and the search algorithm used by the researchers.
Psychopathic Traits and the Cheater–Hawk Hypothesis
Authors: Book Angela , Methot-Jones Tabitha , Blais Julie , Hosker-Field Ashley , Volk Anthony , Visser Beth A. , Gauthier Nathalie , Holden Ronald R. , D’Agata Madeleine T.
Published: September 2016

The present study was a direct test of the cheater–hawk hypothesis which argues that psychopathy is related to two potentially adaptive interpersonal strategies: cheating and aggression. As expected, the measures of cheater and hawk behaviors comprised a single factor, according to a maximum-likelihood factor analysis. As hypothesized, psychopathic traits exhibited large positive correlations with measures of both cheater (entitlement, exploitiveness, and short-term mating orientation) and hawk (vengeance and aggression) behaviors. Furthermore, psychopathic traits were associated with the tendency of using individualistic and competitive tactics in an altruism game and being less likely to act in a prosocial manner. Finally, scores on the combined–cheater hawk variable were significantly correlated with psychopathic traits. As hypothesized, individuals scoring high on Factor 1 of psychopathy were more likely to utilize behaviors and strategies associated with the cheater–hawk designation, whether or not they scored high on Factor 2 of psychopathy. In general, the findings support the conceptualization that psychopathy represents a fast life-history strategy characterized by seeking personal gain over others, including exploitiveness (cheater), aggression (hawk), and risk taking. Results also indicate that cheater and hawk behaviors are part of a single strategy more often employed by those higher on psychopathic traits. Implications for treatment success are discussed.
Effects of steady-state axial deformation on bending frequency of rotating cantilever beam
Authors: Zhao Guowei , Wu Zhigang
Published: September 2016

A coupling dynamic model of a rotating cantilever beam is established by considering the effect of steady-state axial deformation on transverse bending deformation. The present method uses fully nonlinear Green strain–displacement relationship to derive the coupling terms in the equations of motion. The steady-state axial deformation is derived by analysing the equation of axial motion. An expression of the rotational speed limit is also obtained. The numerical results indicate that the steady-state axial deformation has a considerable effect on the transverse bending frequencies. A comparison of the present model with the absolute nodal coordinate formulation indicates that the two models are in good agreement, which proves the effectiveness and rationality of the present model.
The Development of a Listening Scale
Authors: Busiol Diego
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

This study presents the development and initial validation of a Listening Scale (LS) that was used to assess the listening skills of a sample of Hong Kong counseling professionals and the potential penetration of psychoanalysis among this sample.

Method:

A total of 217 Hong Kong social workers, psychologists, and counselors were surveyed to develop and assess the scale’s internal psychometric properties.

Results:

Factor analysis confirmed a single factor structure for the LS, with 8 items. Internal reliability was good and discriminative validity was supported by comparisons with background information.

Discussion:

The LS shows promise as a meaningful, reliable, and valid measure. The LS could be useful to assess important dimensions of the practice of counseling professionals and to better assist their client-centered practice, and as a formative instrument for use by counseling professionals. Finally, the LS can assess the penetration of psychoanalysis where the psychoanalytic theory is not strong.
Exposing the Backstage: Critical Reflections on a Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Residents’ Care Networks in Assisted Living
Authors: Kemp Candace L. , Ball Mary M. , Morgan Jennifer Craft , Doyle Patrick J. , Burgess Elisabeth O. , Dillard Joy A. , Barmon Christina E. , Fitzroy Andrea F. , Helmly Victoria E. , Avent Elizabeth S. , Perkins Molly M.
Published: September 2016

In this article, we analyze the research experiences associated with a longitudinal qualitative study of residents’ care networks in assisted living. Using data from researcher meetings, field notes, and memos, we critically examine our design and decision making and accompanying methodological implications. We focus on one complete wave of data collection involving 28 residents and 114 care network members in four diverse settings followed for 2 years. We identify study features that make our research innovative, but that also represent significant challenges. They include the focus and topic; settings and participants; scope and design complexity; nature, modes, frequency, and duration of data collection; and analytic approach. Each feature has methodological implications, including benefits and challenges pertaining to recruitment, retention, data collection, quality, and management, research team work, researcher roles, ethics, and dissemination. Our analysis demonstrates the value of our approach and of reflecting on and sharing methodological processes for cumulative knowledge building.
Tough Conversations: Development of a Curriculum for Medical Students to Lead Family Meetings
Authors: Hagiwara Yuya , Ross Jeanette , Lee Shuko , Sanchez-Reilly Sandra
Published: September 2016

Background:

Few educational interventions have been developed to teach Family Meeting (FM) communication skills at the undergraduate level. We developed an innovative curriculum to address this gap.

Methods:

Fourth year medical students during 2011-2013 (n = 674) completed training for conducting a FM. To assess the effectiveness of this training, students completed a FM Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) that included 15 domains rated on a 1-5 point Likert scale. Tasks included discussing prognosis, establishing goals of care and demonstrating conflict resolution skills. Students received one-to-one feedback from standardized family members and faculty observers. Group debriefings with faculty were held after the OSCE.

Results:

Analysis of faculty feedback narratives revealed four themes in which students required improvement: 1) Discussing prognosis, 2) Explaining palliative care/hospice, 3) Avoiding medical jargon, and 4) Discussing cultural/religious preferences. Evaluation total mean score was 28.2 (Min 15, Max 63; SD 7.57), and identified student’s need to; 1) Ask more about the degree of knowledge family members want, 2) Ask religious beliefs, and 3) Assess family members’ level of education ( p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis of group debriefings suggested that student perception of the OSCE experience was positive overall. Students found the case to be realistic and immediate feedback to be helpful.

Conclusions:

Conducting a FM is an advanced skill. This study shows that it is possible to train fourth year students to lead FMs and identify their strengths, needs using a FM OSCE.
Interactive Storybook-Based Intervention Effects on Kindergartners’ Language Development
Authors: van Druten-Frietman Loes , Strating Heleen , Denessen Eddie , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: September 2016

A dialogic storybook-based intervention integrating dialogic storybook reading with early literacy activities is studied with a longitudinal quasi-experimental study design. The effects of this intervention, in addition to a regular early childhood education (ECE) program, on kindergartners’ vocabulary and phonological awareness development are analyzed for children from different backgrounds. Results indicated that the intervention may be effective in stimulating expressive vocabulary development. With regard to receptive vocabulary and phonological awareness measures, the intervention seems to have a similar effect to using a regular ECE program. The intervention had a similar effect for all children. Findings suggest that an active participation, in which the children are encouraged to talk about language, seems to be beneficial to enhance children’s language use; this aspect might be elaborated in existing or future ECE programs. The intervention can be used to help children from underprivileged families to gain language skills to ensure an optimal start of formal education in Grade 1.
“Moments of Waking Up”
Authors: Goldman-Schuyler Kathryn , Skjei Susan , Sanzgiri Jyotsna , Koskela Virpi
Published: September 2016

The context for this article and the research project that it describes is the potential importance of being awake and present for leaders. This 2-year collaborative action research project was designed to explore whether simply intending to be present could make a difference in participants’ quality of experience at work and also to find out whether this would impact people with whom they worked. The study included a phenomenological analysis of contemporaneous notes taken several times a week for 4 weeks by two groups of 12-15 people from North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The study also explored the possibility that this approach to mindfulness might be useful for leadership development and education on a broad scale. The results suggest that sustaining ongoing awareness practices supports leaders in attaining the steadiness and flexibility needed for addressing the adaptive problems of our world.
Nonlocal instability of cantilever piezoelectric carbon nanotubes by considering surface effects subjected to axial flow
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Bahaadini Reza , Jamali Behnam
Published: September 2016

In this study, the divergence and flutter instability of a cantilever piezoelectric carbon nanotube (CNT) conveying flowing fluid is investigated by considering surface effects. The size-dependent governing differential equation of a piezoelectric CNT is derived using a Newtonian method based on the Eringen nonlocal elasticity theory and in conjunction with the Euler–Bernoulli beam model. The extended Galerkin method is employed to transform the partial differential equation into a set of ordinary differential equations. The resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically to determine the effect of nonlocal parameter, various values of piezoelectric voltage, and surface effects on the divergence and flutter instability of a CNT conveying a fluid. Results show that by increasing the voltage from negative values to positive values, the nondimensional critical velocity of the fluid flow decreases. In addition, it should be noted that the effects of the nonlocal parameter lead to a reduction of the flutter and divergence stability of the CNT. Finally, this research can be used to design fluid-conveying nanodevices based on piezoelectric CNTs.
Critical realism and grounded theory: Analysing the adoption outcomes for disabled children using the retroduction framework
Authors: Bunt Sarah
Published: September 2016

The critical realist position moves away from merely identifying correlations and attempts to seek out the causal mechanisms which underpin disadvantage. By drawing on an empirical study on placing disabled children for adoption, the article seeks to demonstrate the practical application of critical realist by combining its Retroductive framework with Grounded Theory methods. Bhaskar’s ‘Retroduction’ provides an analytical framework from which the researcher examines data within three distinct levels (observable; actual; real). The Observable and Actual levels are processes which identify significant incidences and connections between variables. The ‘Real’, attempts to extend conceptual analysis by hypothesising about the causal mechanisms which account for a situation. This article argues that the multidimensional framework offered through Retroduction is necessary if we are to fully grasp the disadvantage disabled children experience in adoption processes. This entails examining the extent to which socially constructed notions of childhood and disability implicitly affect the practice decisions of social workers. The findings presented through these levels of analysis reveal a nuanced and multilayered understanding of adoption outcomes.
Between a rock and a softer place—A discourse analysis of helping cultures in crisis resolution teams
Authors: Klevan Trude , Karlsson Bengt , Ness Ottar , Grant Alec , Ruud Torleif
Published: September 2016

Crisis resolution teams are a community-based service, targeting adults experiencing acute mental health crises. The rationale for the development of crisis resolution teams is both value and efficacy-based: crisis resolution teams should contribute to the humanizing of mental health services and to enhanced efficacy. This diversity in purpose appears to affect the practices of help that are offered by crisis resolution teams, which research has shown to vary greatly. A discursive approach recognizes that practices are shaped by external paradigms and structures, and clinicians’ construction of professional identities and practices through their talk and meaning making. Thus, this study used a discursive psychological approach to identify discourses through which crisis resolution team clinicians talk about and understand helpful help in mental health crises. Focus group interviews with clinicians from eight crisis resolution teams revealed two broad and contradictory discourses: helpful help as something “made” with crisis resolution team workers as creators of collaborative and innovative practices, and helpful help as something “given” with the crisis resolution team workers as representatives of a predefined specialist mental health service culture. The contradictions between these discourses reflect the diverse rationale for the development of crisis resolution teams and the possible tensions and pressures under which crisis resolution team work is conducted. In this overall context, the study further critically examined the tensions between the discourse of constructing new practices, and existing practices constituted by the specialist mental health services’ traditional discourse. Failing to constantly reflect upon and question these tensions in collaboration with service users, carers, and other services can impair creativity and the development of humanizing helpful help.
“Neighborhood in Solidarity”: A community development methodology that emerged throughout an action research experience
Authors: Zwygart Marion , Plattet Alain , Spini Dario
Published: September 2016

Population aging and urbanization are often associated with a restriction of the living environment and an increasing tendency to remain at home. This community development report presents the “Neighborhood in Solidarity” methodology as a response to counter or at least slow this restriction and enhance the ability of elderly persons to be active within their neighborhoods. Co-constructed throughout the action research process, the Neighborhood in Solidarity methodology is based on a 13-year experience, accumulated through 22 projects in 17 cities, with promising results in the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The genesis and the emergence of the methodology throughout action research workshops and interregional structures are described in the document. The description of Neighborhood in Solidarity is a snapshot of a living methodology, which continues to evolve on a daily basis. The process focuses on empowering the older people through a five-year methodology, which is intended to create an autonomous community that can resolve its own problems. The methodology comprises six steps described throughout the paper: (1) preliminary analysis, (2) diagnostic, (3) construction, (4) project design, (5) project implementation, and (6) empowerment. In 2013, an external assessment evaluated the Neighborhood in Solidarity methodology as effective at and appropriate for achieving its objectives. The promising results of this original methodology motivated this publication.
Drill Penetration Injury to Extensor Tendons: A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: Mahylis Jared M. , Burwell Anora K. , Bonneau Laura , Marshall Lynn M. , Mirarchi Adam J.
Published: September 2016

Background: Little is known about extensor tendon failure following drill injury at the time of volar plate fixation. Our goals were to analyze extensor tendon injury following simulated drill penetration, and change in tendon displacement during cyclic loading following simulated drill penetration injury. Methods: Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendons were harvested from 9 fresh frozen cadaveric arms. Eighteen EPL and 18 ECRB samples were created from harvested tendons. Drill penetration injury was performed in either a continuous or an oscillating mode. Injured tendons were subjected to 1200 cycles at 1- to 15-kg cyclic load at a frequency of 1 Hz, and analyzed for failure at drill sites and change in displacement throughout the testing cycle. Results: Ten EPL samples and 16 ECRB samples completed testing without failure. Tendon type (ECRB, EPL), mode of injury (continuous, oscillating), and location (proximal, distal) did not affect tendon displacement during loading. A single EPL tendon failed following continuous drill penetration injury. Extensor carpi radialis brevis samples had a mean change in displacement of 2.8 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.5 mm) and 5.9 mm (SD: 4.7 mm) for oscillating and continuous modes, respectively. Six EPL samples had a mean change in displacement of 4.7 (SD: 2.7 mm) and 4.3 mm (SD: 1.8 mm) for oscillating and continuous modes, respectively. Conclusions: Complete extensor tendon failure due to drill penetration was rare. Drill mode did not affect the degree of elongation. Increasing cyclic loading of extensor tendons after drill injury caused modest extensor tendon elongation.
Incidence, predictors, and etiology of subsequent ischemic stroke within one year after transient ischemic attack
Authors: Uehara Toshiyuki , Minematsu Kazuo , Ohara Tomoyuki , Kimura Kazumi , Okada Yasushi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Tanahashi Norio , Suzuki Akifumi , Takagi Shigeharu , Nakagawara Jyoji , Arii Kazumasa , Nagahiro Shinji , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Matsumoto Masayasu , Iihara Koji , Toyoda Kazunori
Published: September 2016

Background

Incidence and predictors of ischemic stroke in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) have not been fully clarified outside Europe and North America.

Aims

We undertook the present prospective, multicenter study to clarify the incidence, predictors, and etiology of ischemic stroke within one year of TIA onset in Japan.

Methods

The study subjects were patients within seven days of TIA onset who were enrolled in a prospective register from 57 hospitals between June 2011 and December 2013. The primary endpoint was occurrence of ischemic stroke.

Results

Of 1365 consecutive patients, 1245 were followed for one year after TIA onset; 101 (8.1%) experienced ischemic stroke during follow-up. The leading subtype of ischemic stroke was small-vessel occlusion (SVO) followed by large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) attributable to intracranial artery diseases. When dividing ischemic stroke events between those occurring within the first 90 days after TIA onset and those occurring after the first 90 days, the leading subtype of ischemic stroke within the first 90 days after TIA onset was SVO, followed by LAA attributable to intracranial artery diseases. In comparison, the subtypes most commonly seen beyond the first 90 days after TIA onset were cardioembolic and LAA attributable to intracranial artery disease. The one-year risk of ischemic stroke increased significantly as ABCD2 score increased, at 6.2% for 0–3 points, 7.2% for 4–5 points, and 11.6% for 6–7 points.

Conclusions

The one-year ischemic stroke risk after TIA was about 8% and was associated with the ABCD2 score. The most common subtype of subsequent ischemic stroke was SVO.
Long-Term Prediction of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Henriksen Marie Moth , Færch Louise , Thorsteinsson Birger , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik
Published: September 2016

Background:

Prediction of risk of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in patients with type 1 diabetes is important to prevent future episodes, but it is unknown if it is possible to predict the long-term risk of SH. The aim of the study is to assess if long-term prediction of SH is possible in type 1 diabetes.

Methods:

A follow-up study was performed with 98 patients with type 1 diabetes. At baseline and at follow-up, the patients filled in a questionnaire about diabetes history and complications, number of SH in the preceding year and state of awareness, and HbA1c and C-peptide levels were measured.

Results:

During the 12 years of follow-up, there was a decrease in HbA1c, C-peptide levels, and incidence of SH (1.1 to 0.4 episodes per patient-year; P < .001). At baseline, the relative rate of SH was 3.6 ( P = .001) and 10.9 ( P < .0001) in patients with impaired awareness and unawareness of hypoglycemia, respectively, as compared to patients with normal awareness. At follow-up, patients with unawareness at baseline tended to have maintained an increased rate of SH (RR = 3.1; P = .07). Impaired awareness, HbA1c and C-peptide determined at baseline did not correspond with an increased rate of SH at follow-up.

Conclusions:

Long-term prediction of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes was not possible, although baseline hypoglycemia unawareness tended to remain a predictor for risk of SH at follow-up. Therefore, it is important repeatedly to assess the different risk factors of SH to determine the actual risk.