bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Release of the ribosome biogenesis factor Bud23 from small subunit precursors in yeast
Authors: Black Joshua J. , Johnson Arlen W.
Published: December 2021

The two subunits of the eukaryotic ribosome are produced through quasi-independent pathways involving the hierarchical actions of numerous trans-acting biogenesis factors and the incorporation of ribosomal proteins. The factors work together to shape the nascent subunits through a series of intermediate states into their functional architectures. One of the earliest intermediates of the small subunit (SSU or 40S) is the SSU processome which is subsequently transformed into the pre-40S intermediate. This transformation is, in part, facilitated by the binding of the methyltransferase Bud23. How Bud23 is released from the resultant pre-40S is not known. The ribosomal proteins Rps0, Rps2, and Rps21, termed the Rps0-cluster proteins, and several biogenesis factors bind the pre-40S around the time that Bud23 is released, suggesting that one or more of these factors could induce Bud23 release. Here, we systematically examined the requirement of these factors for the release of Bud23 from pre-40S particles. We found that the Rps0-cluster proteins are needed but not sufficient for Bud23 release. The atypical kinase/ATPase Rio2 shares a binding site with Bud23 and is thought to be recruited to pre-40S after the Rps0-cluster proteins. Depletion of Rio2 prevented the release of Bud23 from the pre-40S. More importantly, the addition of recombinant Rio2 to pre-40S particles affinity-purified from Rio2-depleted cells was sufficient for Bud23 release in vitro. The ability of Rio2 to displace Bud23 was independent of nucleotide hydrolysis. We propose a novel role for Rio2 in which its binding to the pre-40S actively displaces Bud23 from the pre-40S.
Potential use of absorbance scanning in differentiating tumor microenvironment compositions from endoscopic biopsy of colorectal cancer patients.
Authors: Abdullah Murdani , Pitarini Utari Amanda , Aziza Nursyirwan Saskia , Noor Dimas R.
Published: December 2021

Background: The microtumor environment is an area where tumor cells are surrounded by several cells such as immune cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells as well as blood and lymphatic vessels. It is known that various cytokines and growth factors are released by various cells surrounding the tumor and affect the growth of tumor cells. Differences in chemical composition in the microtumor environment can be detected using spectrometry. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of scanning absorbance spectrometry in differentiating cells based on the chemical composition of endoscopic biopsies of colorectal cancer patients.

Methods: An endoscopic biopsy of the patient from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta was collected and homogenized in phosphate buffer saline using TissueLyser. Scanning absorbance was performed using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results of scanning absorbance were then processed using principal component analysis (PCA) in Orange Data-Mining version 3.28.0 software and the results were represented in a scatter plot diagram.

Results: Based on the results of the analysis using PCA, three patients were identified in different quadrant regions, crc006 and crc011 obtained from patients with the differentiation status located close together while crc009 and undifferentiated were located far apart.

Conclusion: This indicates the potential of scanning absorbance in differentiating the chemical composition of the tumor microenvironment from patient biopsies.
When Monsters (and the Portuguese) Roamed the Earth: The Production of Alterity in the Works of Camoens
Authors: Figueira Dorothy
Published: December 2021

When Monsters (and the Portuguese) Roamed the Earth: The Production of Alterity in the Works of Camoens
Between Traditions and Innovations: Tensions in Modernist Art at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Mihkelev Anneli
Published: December 2021

Between Traditions and Innovations: Tensions in Modernist Art at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Some Aspects of Subversive Rhetoric in Juhan Viiding’s Poetry
Authors: Ploom Ülar
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present article is to study some aspects of subversive rhetoric in the poetry of Juhan Viiding (1948–1995), one of Estonia’s most admired and cherished poets and actors whose “Complete Poetry” (edited by Hasso Krull) includes texts written between 1968 and 1994, published either in collections (until 1978, under the pseudonym of Jüri Üdi, which translates as George Marrow in English) or separately in newspapers and magazines. It is important to mention that Juhan Viiding often read and sang his texts (accompanied on the piano by Tõnis Rätsep, a friend and colleague from the Estonian Drama Theatre), quite a few of which are recorded on cassette and CD. Üdi/Viiding was and continues to be widely read, quoted, imitated and discussed by his Estonian readers, fellow poets, intellectuals and critics. However, despite the fact that Viiding’s poetry has been translated into sixteen languages, according to Aare Pilv’s “Juhan Viidingu ja Jüri Üdi bibliograafia” (Pilv 2010: 170–175), Viiding has not achieved the sort of fame abroad which he enjoys in Estonia. Indeed, the volume of articles and essays written in Estonian on Viiding’s poetry is not equalled by writing in other languages. Reviews written in English and Russian are mostly by Estonian critics or Russian critics from Estonia (ib. 196–208). Of course, poetry in general does not submit easily to being translated, but in Üdi/Viiding’s case we are dealing with a kind of poetic which makes the process even more complicated, perhaps also partly unachievable. This seems to be the most probable explanation for the asymmetry of Üdi/Viiding’s poetic reputation. So, apart from the peculiar charm of his poetry, with its highly intricate poly-semantic spectrum which calls out for discussion of the organising principles of his texts, I am writing this article in the hope that more foreign critics will take an interest in this exceptional poet and more poets who write in other languages will rise to the challenge of translating his texts or providing their own original pieces of creative writing in Üdi/Viiding’s wake.
Границы перевода (социосемиотический аспект семиотики перевода)
Authors: Torop Peeter
Published: December 2021

The limits of translation: the socio-semiotic aspect of translation semiotics
The philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer
Authors: Drechsler Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Review: The philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer. The Library of Living Philosophers, vol. XXIV
The Use of Digital Technologies in the Institute of Higher Education
Authors: Shcherbakova O. , Sklyadneva V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents a description of modern digital tools that can be used in the educational process for more activating content in the formation of the necessary professional competencies in students. The use of the Internet board "Miro" allows students to master such concepts as "conflict" and "conflict resistance" while studying the discipline "Conflictology"; the digital tool "Nearpod" while studying the topic "Conflict Management in the Organization" made it possible to present a presentation and, after studying its content, conduct online testing on the "Test Wizard" platform, using tasks of varying complexity; the use of artificial intelligence is also possible as a new tool for resolving interpersonal conflicts - on the platform of the TELEGRAM social network.
Criteria and Indicators of the Level of Formation in Intellectually Gifted Adolescents of the Culture of Social Interaction
Authors: Emel'yanenko V.
Published: December 2021

Currently, one of the urgent problems of the education system is the search for effective methods of pedagogical support for the social development of intellectually gifted children and adolescents. The article contains the results of theoretical analysis and empirical research aimed at identifying the characteristics and level of formation of the culture of social interaction in intellectually gifted adolescents, considered as the main result of their social education in the educational environment of the school. The author reveals the essence of the culture of social interaction as a pedagogical phenomenon, develops diagnostic tools for its study and determines the level of its formation in 196 adolescents with outstanding mental abilities studying in grades 7-9 of secondary schools.
The position statement of the Working Group of the Polish Psychiatric Association on the use of D2/D3 dopamine receptor partial agonists in special populations
Authors: Wichniak Adam , Siwek Marcin , Rymaszewska Joanna , Janas-Kozik Małgorzata , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Bieńkowski Przemysław , Dudek Dominika , Heitzman Janusz , Szulc Agata , Samochowiec Jerzy
Published: December 2021

Leki przeciwpsychotyczne (LPP) z grupy częściowych agonistów receptorów dopaminowych D2/D3 (arypiprazol, brekspiprazol, kariprazyna) są coraz częściej stosowaną grupą leków w leczeniu zaburzeń psychicznych ze względu na korzystniejszy w porównaniu z innymi LPP profil tolerancji. Artykuł przedstawia stanowisko na temat stosowania tej grupy leków w leczeniu populacji szczególnych: osób z współistniejącymi chorobami somatycznymi, osób w wieku powyżej 65 r.ż., w tym osób chorych na zespoły otępienne, dzieci i młodzieży oraz kobiet w okresie ciąży oraz karmienia piersią. Stanowisko zostało przygotowane przez zespół ekspertów powołanych przez Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego, składający się z osób z wieloletnim doświadczeniem klinicznym w leczeniu osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. W ocenie uwzględniono analizę baz danych piśmiennictwa, informacje zawarte w charakterystykach produktów leczniczych oraz raportach i rejestrach na temat bezpieczeństwa ocenianych trzech leków. LPP z grupy częściowych agonistów receptorów dopaminowych D2/D3 mogą być stosowne w grupach chorych, w których leczeniu konieczne jest zachowanie najwyższego bezpieczeństwa terapii. Wynika to z niskiego ryzyka powodowania przez te leki typowych dla LPP działań niepożądanych: przyrostu masy ciała i zaburzeń metabolicznych, akatyzji i objawów pozapiramidowych, wzrostu poziomu prolaktyny, wydłużenia odstępu QT w EKG, sedacji oraz objawów związanych z działaniem cholinolitycznym. Jako stosunkowo krótko dostępna do leczenia grupa leków, częściowi agoniści receptorów dopaminowych nie posiadają jednak tak licznych danych na temat stosowania w okresie ciąży jak inne LPP.
A letter to the Editor. Documented persistent lack of cooperation during treatment of schizophrenia – recommendations of the National Consultant in Psychiatry
Authors: Gałecki Piotr
Published: December 2021

bez streszczenia
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

bez streszczenia
Polemika z artykułem Elżbiety Zarych
Authors: Uljasz Adrian
Published: December 2021

Polemika z artykułem Elżbiety Zarych Leśmianowski Orient w typografii i ilustracji „Ali Baby i czterdziestu zbójców” wydrukowanym w pierwszym numerze „Sztuki Edycji” za 2020 rok (s. 53–74).
Analysis of Some Common Misconceptions Regarding the Profession of Liaison Interpreting
Authors: Kruk-Junger Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to present some of the problems related to the professionalisation of interpreting from the perspective of the public misconceptions about this occupation. An analysis of three press releases published online shows, that the terms “interpreting” and “translation” are used quite often to describe any form of communication occurring between two languages, rather than a profession, even if no third, mediating party is present. This may suggest low social consciousness regarding liaison interpreting and a need to consider the public image during the professionalisation process of this occupation.
Adapt or Perish: How Forced Transition to Remote Simultaneous Interpreting during the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Interpreters’ Professional Practices
Authors: Przepiórkowska Danuta
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the results of a survey carried out among 132 simultaneous interpreters with Polish as their working language, summarising their professional experience during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of the forced transition to the remote mode of simultaneous interpreting and the related technical and organisational challenges, this survey captured the early experience of working remotely (mostly from home), as well as the adaptations necessitated by the new situation in terms of changes in working modalities and tools, particularly in the home environment. The article also presents the surveyed interpreters’ expectations regarding the role and place of remote simultaneous interpreting in their future professional practices.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Marketing Campaigns for Malls Using a Novel Interpretable Machine Learning Model
Authors: Wang Tong , He Cheng , Jin Fujie , Hu Yu Jeffrey
Published: December 2021

We develop a novel interpretable machine learning model, GANNM, and use newly available data to evaluate how different types of marketing campaigns and budget allocations influence malls’ customer traffic. We observe that the response curves that measure the impact of campaign budget on customer traffic differ for different categories of campaigns, with sales incentives or experience incentives, during peak periods, off-peak periods, or online promotion periods. Based on such accurate response curves from GANNM, the optimized budget allocation is estimated to yield a 11.2% increase in customer traffic compared with the original allocation. Our findings provide novel insights on managing mall campaigns. Mall managers should increase marketing spending to areas that were likely overlooked before and avoid over-crowding budget to campaigns during times with high levels of competition and are likely already over-marketed. We provide empirical evidence showing that the recent trend of employing novel approaches for enhancing customer experience in physical stores can effectively encourage customers to visit malls. Furthermore, we show that online promotions could also create opportunities for offline businesses—investing in campaigns in the major online promotion periods could significantly increase customer traffic for malls, given sufficient investment in the campaigns to raise customer awareness.
Separation of Perishable Inventories in Offline Retailing Through Transshipment
Authors: Li Qing , Yu Peiwen , Du Lilun
Published: December 2021

Transshipment in retailing is a practice where one outlet ships its excess inventory to another outlet with inventory shortages. By balancing inventories, transshipment can reduce waste and increase fill rate at the same time. In “Separation of Perishable Inventories in Offline Retailing Through Transshipment,” Li, Yu, and Du explore the idea of transshipping perishable goods with a fixed finite lifetime in offline grocery retailing. In the offline retailing of perishable goods, customers typically choose the newest items first, which can lead to substantial waste. They show that, in this context, transshipment plays two roles. One is inventory balancing, which is well known in the literature. The other is inventory separation, which is new to the literature. That is, transshipment allows a retailer to put newer inventory in one outlet and older inventory in the other. This makes it easier to sell older inventory and reduces waste as a result.
Development of Functional Candy with Banana, Ginger and Skim Milk Powder as a Source of Phenolics and Antioxidants
Authors: Yadav Neha , Kumari Aparna , Chauhan Anil Kumar , Verma Tarun
Published: December 2021

The present pandemic situation has increased the demand for plant-based functional foods that enhancing the immunity of all aged groups against COVID-19. This factor has led to innovation in confectionery market because healthy and good quality confectionery products are lacking. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop functional candy from various combinations of banana, ginger, skim milk powder, and honey at 2-10% and evaluated its sensory, nutraceutical, functional properties and microbial stability for 60 days. Among various combinations of banana and ginger pulp, candy prepared from 96:6 w/w (banana: ginger) ratio was found better than other combinations in respect to organoleptic and nutritional quality. Ginger and skim milk powder addition increased the contents of protein (4.54%), ash (2.82%), phenolic (8.59 mgGAE/g), flavonoid (2.43 mQ/g), and antioxidant activity (36.15% DPPH activity) of functional candy. Microbial studies of functional candy revealed it could be stored up to 60 days without microbial contamination and acceptable by the consumer. The cost of functional candy was Rs.1.53 per candy, which was less than market candy. This study showed that candy manufactured from banana, ginger, skim milk powder, and honey was nutritionally and economical improved with acceptable sensory properties. Developed functional candy increases the market's revenue and enables confectionary market to develop a new candy type.
Alteration of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidative Properties in Thermal, Ultra-High Pressure and Ultrasound Treated Maoberry (Antidesma Bunius L.) Juice during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Kemsawasd Varongsiri , Chaikham Pittaya
Published: December 2021

Maoberry (Antidesma bunius L.) is a tropical fruit locally referred to as “Mao-Luang” in Thailand. The fruit contains high amounts of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds with antioxidative potential, which has demonstrated medicinal value in terms of anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. In this term, this research purposed to determine the changes of predominant bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and microbiological quality of pasteurized (85ºC/1 min), pressurized (500 and 600 MPa/30ºC/30 min), and ultra-sonicated (20 kHz/60% and 80% amplitude/30 min) maoberry juices during storage at 4°C for 30 days. The results displayed that ascorbic acid, phenolic acids (gallic and vanillic acids), anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-o-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside), flavonoids [(+)-catechin and (˗)-epicatechin), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value in pressurized and ultra-sonicated juices displayed higher reduction rate during storage than those in pasteurized juice. Nevertheless, at the final stage of storage, both juices still contained higher levels of antioxidant compounds and properties than in thermally treated juice. All the treated samples were shown to reduce initial microbial load of fresh maoberry juice to a non-detectable amount, while maintaining their quality during prolonged refrigerated storage.
Changes in Nutritional Habits and Lifestyles during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Miqbil Alqurashi Randah
Published: December 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a pandemic in March 2020 due to growing case notification rates worldwide. This study was designed to investigate nutritional habits and lifestyle changes among people living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the COVID-19 lockdown. A cross-sectional study of 208 adults aged 18 to 56 years living in the KSA was conducted between March and May 2020. Participants were identified and invited to complete an online survey. Google Docs forms were used by participants to self-report their nutritional habits, lifestyles, and physical activity levels during the lockdown. Of the 208 participants, 88.9% were female. More than half of the participants (58.1%) reported an increase in their food consumption during the lockdown, which included a higher intake of fast food (47.1%), sweets (48.5%), and fruits and vegetables (49%). 30.8% of participants reported an increase in body weight during the lockdown, while 32.2% reported a decrease. Staying at home or working from home was associated with decreased levels of physical activity in 39% of participants. This study provides the first data on changes in nutritional habits and lifestyles during the COVID-19 quarantine. Our findings suggest that people should decrease their intake of foods that are high in fat and sugar and increase their physical activity levels to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Children Under 6 Months of Age in Suva, Fiji
Authors: Temoirokomalani Maca D. , Singh Pragya , Khan Sabiha
Published: December 2021

Breastfeeding is a cost-effective public health approach that decreases infant and child morbidity and mortality. Fiji's exclusive breastfeeding rate was 40 percent compared to the global target of 50 percent. The research aims to evaluate mothers’ breastfeeding infants' level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice less than 6 months of age in Suva. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in 3 randomly selected medical areas in Suva, Fiji. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire was used to gather data from 415 mothers. The overall mean scores for breastfeeding knowledge of mothers were 12.9, the attitude was 33.7, and practice 7.20. Results showed that mothers were generally found to have good levels of knowledge and practice but a fair attitude. Knowledge was associated with the number of children that mothers had and ethnicity. Attitude had a positive correlation with household income. The practice was positively correlated with the mother's status of employment, the number of children, ethnicity, marital status, and household income. To improve breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers, awareness and education should be strengthened in all health facilities. Improvement in health education materials and advocacy is required.
An Overview on the Research Advance and Market Status of Muscle Function-Enhancing Foods
Authors: Yu Seungmin , Park Heyjeong , Kim Changhee , Woo Yu Kyong , Hwang Jae-Kwan , Kim Wooki
Published: December 2021

Population aging due to the increase in the average age is a common challenge in modern society, and the resulting degenerative sarcopenia requires a new solution. Since sarcopenia is caused by various factors such as protein imbalance, lack of exercise, and increased inflammation, a multi-pronged approach through scientific cause analysis is required. This can create a new blue ocean for the food industry, but the current domestic research on sarcopeniaimproving food ingredients is in its infancy. The academia and industries abroad, including those of the United States, are conducting comparatively extensive research and development, but there are material limitations limited to soybean protein, as well as whey protein and formulation limitations due to an exercise supplement-oriented approach.
Taste Supplementation of Low-Salinity Kimchi
Authors: Lee Ki-Eui , Chung Ha-Yull
Published: December 2021

The salinity of the brining solution for preparing kimchi imparts saltiness to kimchi, and affects its overall taste. In this study, the changes in the overall taste and quality of kimchi depending on the salinity of the brining solution (6% and 12%) were investigated. The salinity of kimchi brined in 6% NaCl solution was approximately 1.3%, and its umami (2.22±0.22) was lower than that (2.96±0.16) of the conventional kimchi, brined in 12% NaCl solution. In contrast, its bitterness (-3.77±0.05) was higher than that of the conventional kimchi (-4.48±0.12). The sensory evaluation results showed that the overall taste score of the low-salinity kimchi (2.8±0.4) was significantly lower than that of the conventional kimchi (4.5±1.1). To overcome the deterioration in the overall taste, a taste enhancer with a sea tangle extract and anchovy extract was added to the low-salinity kimchi. The overall taste score (4.4±1.2) of the seasoned kimchi, which is the low-salinity kimchi supplemented with the taste enhancer, was comparable to that (4.5±1.1) of the conventional kimchi, while maintaining a salinity of 1.7%. This study demonstrated the benefits of proper taste enhancer for improving the taste of low-salinity kimchi.
A Research on the Diversity and Enzyme Productivity of the Salt-Resistant Microorganisms Isolated from the Nakdong River Estuary Wetland for
the Search of Fermentation Strains
Authors: Lee Yong-Jik , Ganbat Dariimaa , Jeong Ga Eul , Yeom YuJeong , Choi Bo Gyeong , Hong Gi-Seob , Park Mi-Hwa , Jung You-Jung , Shin Kee-Sun , Lee Sang-Jae
Published: December 2021

The growth characterization and enzyme productivity of halotolerant microorganisms isolated from the Nakdong River estuary wetland in Korea were investigated in this study. The isolation of halotolerant microorganisms was carried out through their cultivation at 37°C for several days using a marine agar medium. After a single-colony isolation, 16 pure colonies were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis was done using 16S-based ID service in the EzBioCloud database. The isolated strains were divided into 3 phyla, 5 families, 7 genera, and 13 species. Possible industrial applications of the strains were confirmed upon testing for amylolytic, lipolytic, and proteolytic activity to confirm the possible production of hydrolytic enzymes, growth at a pH range of 5 to 9, and various salt concentrations being tested. Thirteen strains possessed at least one enzyme activity, and 5 strains possessed 2 enzyme activities. Eight strains could tolerate up to 10% NaCl concentration. This result indicated that isolated strains had shown the possible application in food and cosmetic industries. Therefore, this study would contribute to securing domestic biological resources and improving hydrolytic enzyme activity using these strains.
Fermentation of Germinated Green Coffee Bean with Bifidobacteria
Authors: Kim Yeokyeong , Jhon Deok-Young
Published: December 2021

In order to find out whether the functionality of germinated green coffee beans can be improved, fermentation studies were conducted using Bifidobacterium animalis (B. animalis), Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum), and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve), all of which are beneficial to the human body. Fermentation was performed at 37oC for 4 days using de Man, Rogosa & Sharpe (MRS) medium with the addition of sucrose and yeast extract. There was no change in the caffeine content in the germinated coffee beans after fermentation. The fermentation process increased the chlorogenic acid content of the germinated coffee beans regardless of the Bifidobacterium strain. In the case of dark roasting (230oC, 30 min), the caffeine content decreased by 30% (w/w), but the chlorogenic acid content decreased by more than 95%. The fermentation process by B. animalis and B. breve inhibited the decrease in antioxidant activity during dark roasting. Taken together, it was found that germinated coffee beans fermented with Bifidobacterium species still had excellent functional properties.
Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Vegetable Tteokgalbi by Different Cooking Methods
Authors: Yu Je Hee , Shin Jung-Kue
Published: December 2021

In this study, to investigate the effect on qualities and preference of the vegetable tteokgalbi by cooking methods, it was using pan frying, microwave heating, conventional oven heating, and air frying. Moisture contents (%) according to cooking method was highest in the order of microwave heating, air frying, pan frying, and conventional oven heating, and pH was slightly higher in microwave heating and air frying. Cooking loss (%) and diameter reduction rate (%) and thickness reduction rate(%) was highest in conventional oven heating. For hardness (N), chewiness (J), springiness and cohesiveness, pan frying showed the highest value and microwave heating showed the lowest value. In the sensory test according to the cooking method, appearance and surface color showed highest values of conventional oven heating, and the pan frying showed high value for overall flavor, umami, overall taste, and overall acceptability. As a result, pan frying is an appropriate cooking method to improve the preference of vegetable tteokgalbi.
Analysis of Quality Properties, Microbial Stability, and Biodegradability of Biodegradable Containers Made of Pork Skin Gelatin
Authors: Lee Sol-Hee , Jeong Chang-Hwan , Oh Yu-Mi , Kim Hack-Youn
Published: December 2021

This study analyzed the quality, microbial stability, and biodegradability of biodegradable containers manufactured using gelatin. Gelatin was extracted from beef, pork, and chicken skin. As a result of the gelatin experiment, the dried yield of pork gelatin was significantly higher than other treatments. It had the highest molecular weight in the SDS-PAGE, so it was selected as the primary material for this study. After mixing pork gelatin powder with water 1:3 (Pork Gelatin, PG), 20% eggshell, 10% walnut powder (Pork gelatin and Walnut 10%; PG-W1), and 20% (Pork gelatin and Walnut 20%; PG-W2) were mixed to prepare two treatments. As a result of the cross-sectional area, PGW1 showed fewer pores than PG-W2. PG-W1 showed significantly higher hardness than PG-W2. On the other hand, the compressive strength of PG-W2 was significantly higher. There is no expression in bacteria and E. coli during this period. PG-W1 showed high antibacterial ability compared to PG-W2. In addition, biodegradability also showed excellent results, based on this data. It is judged that more stable biodegradable containers can be developed.
Quality Characteristics of Hot Air Dried Potato Flakes According to Storage Conditions of High Relative Humidity and Various Temperature Conditions
Authors: Nam Jung-Hyun , Chun Ji-Yeon
Published: December 2021

The main object of this study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of hot air-dried potatoes with various storage conditions at high relative humidity. Potatoes were prepared by blanching and soaking at 0.1% NaCl solution, and then drying at 58°C for 16 hours by hot air. Dried potatoes were stored at 93% relative humidity and various temperature conditions (20°C, 30°C, 40°C), and samples stored at 20oC after being sealed were used as a control. L* value tended to decrease, and a*, b* value tended to increase as the storage days and temperature increased. Furthermore, water activity was increased rapidly from 10 days due to high relative humidity conditions, and vitamin C content tended to decrease rapidly. pH value was decreased slowly at 20°C and 30oC but rapidly at 40°C. The coliform group was not detected during the storage period, and the total plate counts were detected further as storage temperature increased. Based on these results, low temperature storing is necessary to improve dried potato flakes at high relative humidity conditions during the storage period.
Development of Flavor Evaluation Item in Yakju
Authors: Kwon Ye Seul , Jeon Jin Ah , Jeong Seok Tae , Choi Han Seok , Kang Ji Eun
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to draw the evaluation items in which everyone could easily express the aroma and taste of yakju. In the results of applying the 3-step Delphi technique to a total of 20 trained experts in traditional liquors and analyzing the validity and reliability of opinions through Kendall’s W-Test, components were classified into three general areas such as aroma, odor, and palate. Aroma was categorized into ten upper items such as fruit, plant, grain, flower, dairy product, medicinal herbs, nuts, spice, fermentation, and sweetness. Odor was grouped into a single upper item like off-odor, while the palate area was sorted into two upper items such as taste and mouthfeel. A total of 89 kinds of detailed items expressing each upper item were drawn. This study could be a foundation for moving the subject to the world stage by objectively and efficiently expressing the taste and aroma of Korean yakju to the foreigners, consumers, and industry that produces traditional liquors, using the items for evaluating the taste and aroma of traditional liquors drawn in this study.
Impact of spectral noise shape and correlations of laser beam jitter on acquiring optical links in space
Authors: Hechenblaikner Gerald
Published: December 2021

We investigate how the probability of acquiring an optical link between a scanning and a target spacecraft depends on the spectral shape, power, and dimensionality of the beam jitter, as well as on the choice of detector integration time, beam detection radius, and scan speed. For slow scans and long integration times, the probability of failure (Pfail) is determined by the integrated jitter power up to a critical frequency, which we verify by comparing the results of an analytical model to those of Monte Carlo simulations. Jitter above the critical frequency leads to a loss of correlation between integration windows and decreases Pfail for both 1D (radial) and 2D (radial and tangential) jitter, as long as the RMS jitter amplitude does not exceed the beam diameter. In the opposite limit of fast scans and short integration times, emergent correlations between jitter fluctuations on two adjacent scanning tracks also decrease Pfail. The analytical model is additionally used to assess the effect of multiple overlapping tracks and the impact of target drifts in the uncertainty plane.
Impact of wavefront aberrations on the duration of few-cycle laser pulses
Authors: Pichette Charles , Piché Michel , Marquet Pierre , Thibault Simon
Published: December 2021

It is generally difficult to define the duration of few-cycle laser pulses in the presence of spatiotemporal coupling. The pulse temporal width can indeed vary locally across the pulse front and spatially varying delays can complicate the definition of the temporal pulse length over the whole pulse front. However, the simple formalism of the global pulse length can be used to define the duration of such pulses. The variation of the rms temporal pulse width and the maximum instantaneous intensity of this global pulse is used here to investigate the impact of various aberrations. This is done for a collimated Gaussian few-cycle pulse propagating in a vacuum with no dispersion as a perfect plane wave of uniform, Gaussian, and super-Gaussian spatial profiles and for various local temporal pulse widths. It is shown that the temporal global profile of an aberrated pulse front can lose its Gaussian profile even for low amplitudes of aberration. This results in an increase of the rms temporal width and a decrease of the maximum instantaneous intensity of the global pulse, depending on the type of aberration. This is generally associated with a decrease in the performance for optical systems using few-cycle pulses.
Total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique realized in a biaxial electro-optic chiral material to generate highly efficient second harmonic
Authors: Saha Moumita , Deb Sumita
Published: December 2021

This work demonstrates a total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique availing polarization rotation under the influence of an external electric field in a rectangular-shaped potassium niobate crystal coated with a thin layer of gallium phosphide. This thin film is utilized to regulate the phase shifts caused by the propagation of

p

- and

s

-polarized light at the slab-film interface at each total internal reflection bounce point. The peak conversion efficiency of 3.3%/W/cm, obtained from the computer-aided simulation, reflects the combined field effect of optical rotation quasi-phase-matching and fractional quasi-phase-matching techniques. The effect of optical losses and the nonlinear law of reflection have also been included to simulate the generation of a second-harmonic wavelength of 2150 nm.
Proof-of-concept study of the virtual optical scale bar by the pulse-to-pulse interferometry
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Jianshuang , Li Jiafu , Liang Xu , Shang Yue , Zhou Qiang , He Mingzhao , Miao Dongjing , Zhu Jigui
Published: December 2021

The optical scale bar with calibrated or measured internal point-to-point length has many applications in coordinate measurements. In this paper, the virtual optical scale bar with two retroreflectors is constructed by the absolute distance measurement based on pulse-to-pulse interferometry. The temporal and dispersive coherence could be utilized to determine the adjustable internal length of multiple pulse-to-pulse intervals with high precision. The proposed scheme was combined with a pellicle beamsplitter to minimize systematic error. The influence of its thickness on precision is also discussed and calibrated in detail. Besides, a femtosecond mode-locked pulse laser with 100-MHz repetition rates was employed in our system to develop an optical scale bar and verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The sub-micron precision could be realized by temporal coherence with a piezo-driven stage or a simplified non-polarized scheme of dispersed coherence. It shows that this method could achieve a flexible and high-precision virtual optical scale bar for further practical applications.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion of photons at 660 nm to the terahertz and sub-terahertz frequency range: erratum
Authors: Haase Björn , Kutas Mirco , Riexinger Felix , Bickert Patricia , Keil Andreas , Molter Daniel , Bortz Michael , von Freymann Georg
Published: December 2021

In this erratum, we correct two typing errors from our previously published manuscript [Opt. Express 27, 7458 (2019)10.1364/OE.27.007458]. In the original manuscript, the two errors were limited to the theoretical derivation and did not touch the numerical calculations such that the results and conclusions remain unchanged.
Conditional prediction of consecutive tumor evolution using cancer progression models: What genotype comes next?
Authors: Diaz-Colunga Juan , Diaz-Uriarte Ramon
Published: December 2021

Accurate prediction of tumor progression is key for adaptive therapy and precision medicine. Cancer progression models (CPMs) can be used to infer dependencies in mutation accumulation from cross-sectional data and provide predictions of tumor progression paths. However, their performance when predicting complete evolutionary trajectories is limited by violations of assumptions and the size of available data sets. Instead of predicting full tumor progression paths, here we focus on short-term predictions, more relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We examine whether five distinct CPMs can be used to answer the question “Given that a genotype with n mutations has been observed, what genotype with n + 1 mutations is next in the path of tumor progression?” or, shortly, “What genotype comes next?”. Using simulated data we find that under specific combinations of genotype and fitness landscape characteristics CPMs can provide predictions of short-term evolution that closely match the true probabilities, and that some genotype characteristics can be much more relevant than global features. Application of these methods to 25 cancer data sets shows that their use is hampered by a lack of information needed to make principled decisions about method choice. Fruitful use of these methods for short-term predictions requires adapting method’s use to local genotype characteristics and obtaining reliable indicators of performance; it will also be necessary to clarify the interpretation of the method’s results when key assumptions do not hold.
Multiscale model for forecasting Sabin 2 vaccine virus household and community transmission
Authors: Famulare Michael , Wong Wesley , Haque Rashidul , Platts-Mills James A. , Saha Parimalendu , Aziz Asma B. , Ahmed Tahmina , Islam Md Ohedul , Uddin Md Jashim , Bandyopadhyay Ananda S. , Yunus Mohammed , Zaman Khalequ , Taniuchi Mami
Published: December 2021

Since the global withdrawal of Sabin 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) from routine immunization, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has reported multiple circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks. Here, we generated an agent-based, mechanistic model designed to assess OPV-related vaccine virus transmission risk in populations with heterogeneous immunity, demography, and social mixing patterns. To showcase the utility of our model, we present a simulation of mOPV2-related Sabin 2 transmission in rural Matlab, Bangladesh based on stool samples collected from infants and their household contacts during an mOPV2 clinical trial. Sabin 2 transmission following the mOPV2 clinical trial was replicated by specifying multiple, heterogeneous contact rates based on household and community membership. Once calibrated, the model generated Matlab-specific insights regarding poliovirus transmission following an accidental point importation or mass vaccination event. We also show that assuming homogeneous contact rates (mass action), as is common of poliovirus forecast models, does not accurately represent the clinical trial and risks overestimating forecasted poliovirus outbreak probability. Our study identifies household and community structure as an important source of transmission heterogeneity when assessing OPV-related transmission risk and provides a calibratable framework for expanding these analyses to other populations.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02477046.
TIPS and splenorenal shunt for complications of portal hypertension in chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis–A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Nordmann Tamara , Schlabe Stefan , Feldt Torsten , Gobbi Federico , Krieg Andreas , Bode Johannes G. , Fuchs Andre , Kraef Christian , Praktiknjo Michael , Trebicka Jonel , Ramharter Michael , Addo Marylyn M. , Strassburg Christian , Lohse Ansgar W. , Luedde Tom , Schmiedel Stefan , Orth Hans Martin
Published: December 2021

Background

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and shunt surgery are established treatment options for portal hypertension, but have not been systematically evaluated in patients with portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS), one of the neglected tropical diseases with major impact on morbidity and mortality in endemic areas.

Methods

In this retrospective case study, patients with chronic portal hypertension due to schistosomiasis treated with those therapeutic approaches in four tertiary referral hospitals in Germany and Italy between 2012 and 2020 were included. We have summarized pre-interventional clinical data, indication, technical aspects of the interventions and clinical outcome.

Findings

Overall, 13 patients with confirmed HSS were included. 11 patients received TIPS for primary or secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding due to advanced portal hypertension and failure of conservative management. In two patients with contraindications for TIPS or technically unsuccessful TIPS procedure, proximal splenorenal shunt surgery in combination with splenectomy was conducted. During follow-up (mean follow-up 23 months, cumulative follow-up time 31 patient years) no bleeding events were documented. In five patients, moderate and transient episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy were observed. In one patient each, liver failure, portal vein thrombosis and catheter associated sepsis occurred after TIPS insertion. All complications were well manageable and had favorable outcomes.

Conclusions

TIPS implantation and shunt surgery are safe and effective treatment options for patients with advanced HSS and sequelae of portal hypertension in experienced centers, but require careful patient selection.
Conservation tillage improves productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under reduced irrigation on sandy loam soil
Authors: Sher Ahmad , Arfat Muhammad Yasir , Ul-Allah Sami , Sattar Abdul , Ijaz Muhammad , Manaf Abdul , Qayyum Abdul , Zuan Ali Tan Kee , Nasif Omaima , Gasparovic Kristina
Published: December 2021

Sunflower production is significantly lower in arid and semi-arid regions due to various crop management problem. Conservation of tillage provides the most excellent opportunity to reduce degradation of soil reserves and increase soil productivity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the combined effects of conservation tillage and drought stress on growth and productivity of different sunflower hybrids. Experimental treatments included two sunflower hybrids (‘NK-Senji’ and ‘S-278’), two drought stress treatments (i.e., well-watered and drought stress at flowering and grain filling stages) and three tillage practices (i.e., conservation, minimum and deep tillage). The results indicated that morphological and physiological parameters, and yield-related traits were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by all individual factors; however, their interactive effects were non-significant. Among sunflower hybrids, ‘NK-Senji’ performed better for morphological, physiological, and yield-related traits than ‘S-278’. Similarly, conservation tillage observed better traits compared to the rest of the tillage practices included in the study. Nonetheless, conservation tillage improved growth and yield-related traits of hybrid ‘NK-Senji’ under drought stress. Hence, it is concluded that conservation tillage can improve the productivity of sunflower under low moisture availability. Therefore, conservation tillage could be suggested in the areas of lower water ability to improve sunflower production. Nonetheless, sunflower hybrids or varieties need thorough testing for their adaptability to conservation tillage and low moisture availability before making recommendations.
Coverage evaluation surveys following soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis mass drug administration in Wolaita Zone of Ethiopia—The Geshiyaro project
Authors: Liyew Ewnetu Firdawek , Chernet Melkie , Belay Habtamu , Maddren Rosie , Landeryou Toby , Kalahasti Suprabhath , Ower Alison K. , Mekete Kalkidan , Phillips Anna E. , Anjulo Ufaysa , Endrias Tujuba , Tamiru Adugna , Gidey Bokretsion , Mehari Zelalem , Mengistu Birhan , Tollera Getachew , Tasew Geremew
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The Geshiyaro project aims to break transmission of soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis in the Wolaita Zone of Ethiopia through a combination of two interventions: behavior change communication (BCC) for increased water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) infrastructure use alongside preventive chemotherapy (PC) using albendazole (ALB) and praziquantel (PZQ), targeted to reach 90% treatment coverage. Coverage evaluation surveys (CES) were conducted post-treatment, and the resultant survey coverage was compared to reported administrative coverage. This provided a secondary confirmation of the Geshiyaro project coverages, and is used to monitor the success of each Mass Drug Administration (MDA) round.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 woredas (districts) of the Wolaita Zone. All eligible individuals from the selected households were invited for an interview. The study design, sample size, analysis and report writing were conducted according to the World Health Organization (WHO) CES guidelines for PC.

Results

The study interviewed a total of 3,568 households and 18,875 individuals across 13 woredas in the Wolaita Zone. Overall, the survey coverage across all studied woredas was 81.5% (95% CI; 80.9–82.0%) for both ALB and PZQ. Reported administrative coverage across all studied woredas was higher than survey coverage, 92.7% and 91.2% for ALB and PZQ, respectively. A significant portion of individuals (17.6%) were not offered PC. The predominant reason for not achieving the target coverage of 90% was beneficiary absenteeism during MDA (6.6% ALB, 6.8% PZQ), followed by drug distributors failing to reach all households (4.7% ALB, 4.8% PZQ), and beneficiaries not informed of the program (1.3% ALB, 1.7% PZQ).

Conclusion

Programmatic actions will need to be taken during the next MDA campaign to achieve the targeted Geshiyaro project coverage threshold across data collection and program engagement. Adequate training and supervision on recording and reporting administrative coverage should be provided, alongside improved social mobilization of treated communities to increase participation, and strengthened institutional partnerships and communication.