bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 194: Age, Gender, Race/ethnicity, and Income-related Patterns in Ideal Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Bucholz Emily M , Butala Neel M , Allen Norrina B , Moran Andrew E , De Ferranti Sarah D
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) in adulthood is rare; however, the relationship between CVH and age has not been fully delineated. The aim of this study was to characterize the association of age with ideal CVH and individual CVH metrics across the lifespan and to compare these associations across gender, race, and income subgroups.

Methods:
We studied participants aged 12-80 years from NHANES 2005-2016 (n=42,367). Ideal CVH was defined using the AHA’s Simple 7 criteria (range 0-14) based on smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet quality, total cholesterol, plasma glucose, and blood pressure. Cubic models were used to model the association of mean CVH with age. The percentage of participants with ideal (≥5) and poor (≤2) CVH were plotted by age.

Results:
Mean CVH declined with increasing age starting in early adolescence and reaching a nadir by age 60 before stabilizing (
Figure 1
). At age 20, only 45% of adults had ideal CVH; >50% of adults had poor CVH by age 53. Women had higher mean CVH than men at younger ages but lower mean CVH at age ≥60 (
Figure 2
). Mean CVH scores were highest for non-Hispanic whites and higher income adults, and lowest for non-Hispanic blacks and low-income adults across all ages. Mean CVH decreased to poor levels ~30 years earlier for non-Hispanic blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites, and ~35 years earlier younger for low-income compared with higher-income adults.

Conclusions:
The proportion of the population with ideal CVH decreases within increasing age beginning in early adolescence and persists through adulthood. Race/ethnicity and income disparities in CVH are evident early in life and became more profound at older ages.
Abstract 195: Associations of Cardiovascular Health During Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood With Incident Premature Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: The Coronary Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)
Authors: Perak Amanda M , Ning Hongyan , Khan Sadiya S , Bundy Joshua D , Allen Norrina B , Lewis Cora E , Jacobs David R , VAN HORN Linda , Lloyd-jones Donald M
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Mid-life cardiovascular health (CVH) is strongly associated with risks of later-life CVD and mortality across race and sex groups. Adolescent and young-adult CVH are associated with risk of subclinical CVD, but data are lacking regarding CVD events or mortality.

Hypotheses:
(1) CVH in late adolescence/young adulthood (18-30y) is associated with risks of premature CVD and mortality; (2) Event rates are uniformly low across sociodemographic subgroups with high baseline CVH.

Methods:
CVH (defined by AHA’s 7 metrics) was measured at baseline and total CVH scores were categorized as high (12-14 pts), moderate (8-11) or low (0-7). CVD events and cause-specific mortality were adjudicated over 32y of follow-up. We estimated adjusted associations of baseline CVH with outcomes using Cox models and calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs; adjusted for competing risk of death as applicable) and event rates by CVH category.

Results:
See
Table
. Among 4836 participants, mean age was 24.9y (SD 3.6), 44.1% were aged 18-24y, 54.8% were female, and 50.5% were black. Baseline CVH was high in 28.8%, moderate in 65.0%, and low in 6.3%. In total, 306 CVD events and 431 deaths occurred. CVH was significantly associated with all outcomes, with similar patterns by age, sex, and race. PAFs for moderate/low (vs high) CVH ranged from 0.42 (all-cause mortality) to 0.63 (CVD) to 0.81 (CVD mortality) overall; PAFs were not significantly different across sociodemographic subgroups. Among individuals with high CVH, event rates were low across all sociodemographic subgroups (e.g., CVD rates/1000 person-yrs: age 18-24y 0.64, 25-30y 0.65, women 0.36, men 1.04, black 0.90, white 0.50).

Conclusions:
High CVH at age 18-30y was associated with low rates of premature CVD and mortality. Preservation of high CVH to at least age 18y may reduce CVD and mortality burdens and disparities, and adolescent/young-adult CVH may be a valid intermediate outcome for early-life determinants of risk.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair in Patients With and Without Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Kosmidou Ioanna , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Abraham William T. , Kar Saibal , Lim D. Scott , Mishell Jacob M. , Whisenant Brian K. , Kipperman Robert M. , Boudoulas Konstantinos D. , Redfors Björn , Shahim Bahira , Zhang Zixuan , Mack Michael J. , Stone Gregg W.
Published: November 2020

Background:

In the COAPT trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation), treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with moderate-severe or severe secondary mitral regurgitation with transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) using the MitraClip plus guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) reduced 2-year rates of HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality compared with GDMT alone. Whether the benefits of the MitraClip extend to patients with previously implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is unknown. We sought to examine the effect of prior CRT in patients enrolled in COAPT.

Methods:

Patients (N=614) with moderate-severe or severe secondary mitral regurgitation who remained symptomatic despite maximally tolerated doses of GDMT were randomized 1:1 to the MitraClip (TMVr arm) versus GDMT only (control arm). Outcomes were assessed according to prior CRT use.

Results:

Among 614 patients, 224 (36.5%) had prior CRT (115 and 109 randomized to TMVr and control, respectively) and 390 (63.5%) had no CRT (187 and 203 randomized to TMVr and control, respectively). Patients with CRT had similar 2-year rates of the composite of death or HF hospitalization compared with those without CRT (57.6% versus 55%,
P
=0.32). Death or HF hospitalization at 2 years was lower with TMVr versus control treatment in patients with prior CRT (48.6% versus 67.2%, hazard ratio, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.42–0.86]) and without CRT (42.5% versus 66.9%, hazard ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.39–0.69]; adjusted
P
interaction
=0.23). The effects of TMVr with the MitraClip on reducing the 2-year rates of all-cause death (adjusted
P
interaction
=0.14) and HF hospitalization (adjusted
P
interaction
=0.82) were also consistent in patients with and without CRT as were improvements in quality-of-life and exercise capacity.

Conclusions:

In the COAPT trial, TMVr with the MitraClip improved the 2-year prognosis of patients with HF and moderate-severe or severe secondary mitral regurgitation who remained symptomatic despite maximally tolerated GDMT, regardless of prior CRT implantation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01626079.
The Return of Lexical Dependencies: Neural Lexicalized PCFGs
Authors: Zhu Hao , Bisk Yonatan , Neubig Graham
Published: November 2020

In this paper we demonstrate that context free grammar (CFG) based methods for grammar induction benefit from modeling lexical dependencies. This contrasts to the most popular current methods for grammar induction, which focus on discovering either constituents or dependencies. Previous approaches to marry these two disparate syntactic formalisms (e.g., lexicalized PCFGs) have been plagued by sparsity, making them unsuitable for unsupervised grammar induction. However, in this work, we present novel neural models of lexicalized PCFGs that allow us to overcome sparsity problems and effectively induce both constituents and dependencies within a single model. Experiments demonstrate that this unified framework results in stronger results on both representations than achieved when modeling either formalism alone.1
Reconfiguring the Theodicy–Antitheodicy Boundary between Responses to the Holocaust
Authors: Tollerton David
Published: November 2020

Responding to Zachary Braiterman’s and Daniel Garner’s ideas on post-Holocaust religious thought, the author proposes a new model of relationships between theodicy and antitheodicy in which divine perfection is no longer privileged as the single key factor. Building on Peter Berger’s and Clifford Geertz’s treatments of the problem of evil, it is suggested that focusing on meaning-making and tradition can result in a stratified view of theodicy–antitheodicy more able to engage with the dynamics of several well-known thinkers associated with religious responses to the Holocaust.
Martin Buber’s View of Biblical Leadership and His View of the Eternal Thou
Authors: Breslauer S. Daniel
Published: November 2020

Recent studies have renewed focus on Martin Buber’s “theopolitics” in contrast to “theological politics.” The present study expands this work by looking at what Buber meant by God. His approach to the Bible, informed by his view that “extended, the lines of relationship meet in the Eternal Thou,” illuminates his analysis of the five types of biblical leadership. That analysis, far from separating “religion” and “politics,” seemed to assume what might be designated a civil religion. The social order was integrated with religious concerns. Underneath the socio-religious surface, however, Buber discerned universal principles of relationship. Analyzing each stage in biblical leadership as Buber presented it shows how he extended the lines of historical relationships to reveal an aspect of the Eternal Thou.
The “And” of History: Thinking Side by Side in Rosenzweig’s Imagination of Eternity
Authors: Biemann Asher D.
Published: November 2020

Franz Rosenzweig’s Star of Redemption culminates in an aesthetic configuration of simultaneous presences: world, man, God, creation, revelation, and redemption are viewed in a metahistorical side-by-side, connected by the “factualizing power of the And.” But the idea of simultaneity, which is central to Rosenzweig’s configurative thinking, belongs to the historical imagination as much as it belongs to the theological “breaking through the shackles of time.” Rosenzweig’s “and” belongs to both a tradition of cosmic-aesthetic historicism (Meinecke) and the philosophical reconstitution of time as a simultaneous perception. In the co-presence of all historical moments, history’s hidden Gestalt, which only a people that is at once old and young can envision, connects the “and” of history with what Hegel considered history’s end—its ultimate self-recognition. Eternity, then, means neither flight from, nor resistance to, history’s naked fact, but the recognition of history’s Gestalt as an image that “does not tolerate epochs.”
Picture and Story: On the Use of Visual Imagery in the Writing of Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav
Authors: Mark Zvi
Published: November 2020

Rabbi Nahman’s philosophical and literary work has generated great interest among artists in various fields over the course of the last few decades, an interest of such degree and power that it has no equal in the traditional Jewish world. In this article, I will discuss one element of Rabbi Nahman’s spiritual world that may explain to some degree the attraction of his work to painters and other artists who deal with visual arts, which is the important role of visions in his spiritual world and in his writings. I will also demonstrate how Rabbi Nahman uses the tools of visual imagery not only in his literary work but also in his philosophical work, as compiled in his two-volume book of sermons, Likutei Moharan (Collected Teachings of the Master), published in 1806 and 1811. I will then discuss the connection between the narrative and visual layers of Rabbi Nahman’s work and worldview.
Cosmopolitanism, Activism and Arab Documentary Film
Authors: Wessels Josepha Ivanka
Published: November 2020

Since the 1970s, Arab documentary filmmakers have highlighted struggles for personal freedom, dignity and democracy by those restricted by oppressive systems of colonialism, occupation and authoritarianism. In this article I study four contemporary Arab documentary films to identify a path vital for the rethinking of cosmopolitanism and global citizenship in Middle East studies. After the 2011 global interest in the Arab uprisings, Syrian and Palestinian documentaries rose to acclaim at international film festivals, and won Emmys and Oscar nominations. The often character-led stories of these films defy orientalist views of the Middle East. Creative global communities at international film festivals are emerging, where Arab documentary filmmakers and their non-elitist stories connect on various humanistic, sociocultural and political levels with non-Arab peers. In this article my aim is to contribute to a redefinition of cosmopolitanism, one not based on the rationalism of the Enlightenment but on the universality of human emotion and sentiment.
Entretien sur l’histoire du matérialisme
Authors: Moreau Pierre-François , Wolfe Charles T.
Published: November 2020

Charles Wolfe vient de publier Lire le matérialisme (ENS Éditions, 2020), où il esquisse une histoire des différentes formes de matérialisme, y compris le matérialisme vitaliste et les versions du XXe et du XXIe siècle. Pierre-François Moreau, auteur de la préface de l’ouvrage, entame ici une discussion sur les problèmes et les ressources d’une telle histoire.
Colony, Metropole, and the Ocean in Between
Authors: Kuipers Matthijs
Published: November 2020

Kris Alexanderson’s Subversive Seas showcases the worth of combining thorough archival research with critical literary reading techniques. Her research brings new vigor to subfields of history with a penchant for antiquarianism, like Dutch maritime history, but it also prompts questions regarding the direction of new imperial history. Alexanderson’s history of Dutch imperial shipping lines fits a number of historiographical trends, most importantly the ‘archival turn’ in histories of empire, but also reminds us of some of the limits of ‘reading along the archival grain’, as anticolonial voices are sometimes simply absent or muffled in colonial archives.
Enlightenment and Modernity, Historians and Philosophers
Authors: Robertson John
Published: November 2020

Since the 1990s, historians of the Enlightenment have been notably keen to emphasise their subject’s contribution to modernity. In doing so, they have not shied away from ground usually occupied by philosophers, identifying Enlightenment’s modernity with a system of values and even with specific philosophical positions. This article asks how this has come about, and what have been its consequences. It does so by offering an account of Enlightenment historians’ relations with philosophy since the 1960s, when Franco Venturi repudiated Ernst Cassirer’s philosophical understanding of Enlightenment and urged historians to adopt a different approach. Before 1989, it will be argued, historical study of Enlightenment expanded rapidly but with little reference to philosophers, or interest in demonstrating the modernity of Enlightenment. It was the challenge of Postmodernism (however intellectually chaotic it seemed) in the 1980s, and still more Jürgen Habermas’s vigorous espousal of modernity, which gave historians their cue. Three dimensions of the ensuing association of Enlightenment with modernity are identified: Enlightenment and the public sphere; Radical Enlightenment and one-substance metaphysics; and Enlightenment as cosmopolitan and global. In conclusion, it is argued that while this enthusiasm for modernity appears to be on the wane, the episode has underlined the impossibility of separating historical and philosophical study of Enlightenment.
Cell wall changes under compression combined with steam treatment in relation to wood hygroscopicity
Authors: Yin Jiangping , Guo Juan , Lyu Jianxiong , Yin Yafang
Published: November 2020

Compression combined with steam (CS) treatment is postulated to be an environmentally friendly and efficient modification method to improve the dimensional stability, durability, and mechanical strength of wood. The influences of CS treatment with different radial compression ratios (RCRs) (25% and 50%) and different steam temperatures (140, 160 and 180°C) on chemical components, porosity, and hygroscopicity of earlywood and latewood in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) were investigated respectively on a cellular level by imaging Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) microscopy, Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM), nitrogen adsorption and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). The results indicated that the degradation of carbonyl groups of the glucuronic acid component of xylan in earlywood and latewood was mainly responsible for the low hygroscopicity of CS-treated wood. Also, a significant decrease in the amount of C=O and C=C linked to the lignin aromatic skeleton involved in either crosslinking reactions or the degradation reactions could be another contributor to the reduction in wood hygroscopicity. CS-treated wood with a steam temperature of 180°C possessed a lower hygroscopicity that correlated well with the depolymerization of crystalline and amorphous cellulose. A more deformed structure of CS-treated wood led to the formation of greater amounts of mesopores in the cell walls, which could lead to increased degradation of the chemical components of wood cell walls. Furthermore, a higher equilibrium moisture content (EMC) level was found for CS-treated wood with a 50% compression ratio compared to a 25% compression ratio.
The Voice and the Echo of Romantic Poetry
Authors: Eisemann György
Published: November 2020

The inherence of textuality and meaning in the relation of the voice and the reading in the lyrical discourse appears with a special intensity. In the romantic poetry the materialisation of language into pure signals is presented as the threat of the speech with the termination of the co-existence of writing and voicing. The modern poetry tries to bridge this fracture, makes huge efforts for the co-operation between message and channels of the transmission. The echo is that romantic motif and rhyme technical method, which first brings to scene the difference between voice and speaker. It makes the words hearable in such a manner that their direct source is already not the subject of the language. For example E. A. Poe’s poem (The Raven) implements a „materializing” process, consequently the immateriality of the memory may be incarnated in the voice of speaker, and in the heard and loudly repeated pronoun („nevermore”). This metamorphosis manifests the hidden, authentic meaningful capability of language, that was considered until then as only a denoting-semiotic structure. This way the romanticism ties the signs of the paper sheet and their sounding to the immateriality of human voice and seems to have been unavoidable until our days as regards the poetic existence of language.
Irregular Moroccan Units in a Regular War
Authors: Bychou Otman
Published: November 2020

This article examines French and American observers’ perceptions of Moroccan goumiers’ participation in the Second World War. For these Western commentators, including soldiers and military officials, the goumiers were often stereotyped either in terms of positive assumptions about their bravery, or otherwise negative depictions of their supposedly bestial violence and seemingly ‘exotic’ appearance. Situating these military perceptions of goumier troops against previous research on French understandings of Moroccan irregulars, this article contrasts these external accounts of the soldiers, with veterans’ own accounts of their military service. Stereotypical accounts of the goumiers’ bravery and excessive violence are contrasted against veterans’ own valuation of combat in religious and cultural terms, as well as the linguistic politics of the term goumier. While concerned with drawing attention to Moroccan contributions to the conflict, the article also contributes to a wider literature concerning African veterans’ voices.
Combat at High Altitude: The South African Experience in East Africa, 1941
Authors: Kleynhans Evert
Published: November 2020

Mountainous terrain has distinctly influenced combat operations throughout history. Warfare at high altitude often takes place in extreme weather conditions and over difficult terrain, which is largely considered to be inaccessible, inhospitable, and at times lacking any apparent strategic or operational value. As a result, combat operations at high altitudes are traditionally infantry affairs. The South African deployment to East Africa during the Second World War was for the most part characterised by highly mobile operations, across deserts and scrubland, where infantry, armour and artillery deployed in a mutually supportive role. The penultimate battles of the East African campaign were, however, fought in extremely severe terrain, where the South African troops would experience the harsh realities of mountain warfare for the first time during the war. This article broadly investigates the exigencies of mountain warfare, and critically reflects on the South African wartime experience of mountain warfare in East Africa.
Three new species of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) from Panama

Authors: DEAN ELLEN , POORE JENNIFER , KANG HANNAH
Published: November 2020

Three Panamanian cloud forest species in the genus Lycianthes are newly described: L. coloradensis, from the Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca; L. fortunensis from Chiriquí Province, Veraguas Province, and the Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca; and L. talamancensis from Bocas del Toro and Chiriquí provinces. All three species are woody vines with tan, yellow, or orange-brown multangulate-stellate trichomes and entire to nearly entire white to purple corollas. In terms of vegetative morphology and trichome characteristics, L. coloradensis most closely resembles L. purpusii of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, L. fortunensis resembles the widespread L. multiflora, and L. talamancensis resembles L. hortulana of Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. This article provides species descriptions, maps of geographic distributions, specimen images of each species, and comparison tables of morphological characters used to separate L. coloradensis, L. fortunensis and L. talamancensis from similar species.
New carnivorous sponges and allied species from the Great Australian Bight
Authors: EKINS MERRICK , ERPENBECK DIRK , GOUDIE LISA , HOOPER JOHN N.A.
Published: November 2020

This research presents three new species of carnivorous sponges from the family Cladorhizidae from the Great Australian Bight, South Australia. This research also shows a clear separation within the species currently known as Cladorhiza into those with an arbuscular or tree-like morphology from the Atlantic, to those of differing morphologies and propose three new genera, i.e. Bathytentacular gen. nov., Abyssosdiskos gen. nov. and Nullarbora gen. nov. and the resurrection of an old genus Axoniderma. nov. The three new species described in this paper are Nullarbora heptaxia sp. nov., Abyssocladia oxyasters sp. nov. and Lycopodina hystrix sp. nov. A new species in the family Guitarridae, Guitarra davidconryi sp. nov., a family closely related to the carnivorous sponges is also described in this paper. These new species are the first recorded carnivorous species from South Australia and increase the number of species recorded from around Australia to 25.
A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: SHEN CHENGCHENG , ZHANG DONGSHENG , LU BO , WANG CHUNSHENG
Published: November 2020

In this article we report on a hexactinellid sponge new to science, Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., which was collected from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1995 m. Its blade-like and branching body form, the primary choanosomal framework consisting of multiaxial longitudinal strands without synapticula, and the presence of sceptrules suggest placement within the family Uncinateridae Reiswig, 2002, which is also supported by molecular phylogenetic evidence from COI and 16S sequences. The absence of swollen dermal spurs or regular pentactins and the presence of two types of discohexasters characterize it as a new species. More specimens should be collected to revise the generic characters.
Contrasting Behaviors between the Rapidly Intensifying and Slowly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Basins
Authors: Wang Xinxi , Jiang Haiyan
Published: November 2020

Based on 35-yr (1982–2016) best track and Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme data, this study examined climatology of rapidly intensifying (RI) and slowly intensifying (SI) events as well as their time evolutions of storm-related and environmental parameters for tropical cyclones (TCs) in both North Atlantic (AL) and eastern North Pacific (EP) basins. Major hurricanes were intensified mainly through RI while tropical depression and tropical storms were intensified through SI. The percentage of TCs that underwent RI peaks in the late hurricane season whereas the percentage of TCs that underwent SI peaks early. For the first time in the literature, this study found that RI events have significantly different storm-related and environmental characteristics than SI events for before-, during-, and after-event stages. In both AL and EP basins, RI events always intensify significantly faster during the previous 12 h, are located farther south, and have warmer sea surface and 200-hPa temperatures, greater ocean heat content, larger 200-hPa divergence, weaker vertical wind shear, and weaker 200-hPa westerly flow than SI events for all event-relative stages. In the AL basin, RI events have larger low-level and midlevel relative humidity and larger 850-hPa relative vorticity than SI events for all event-relative stages in the AL and most event-relative stages in the EP. RI events are associated with more convectively unstable atmosphere and are farther away from their maximum potential intensities than SI events for most event-relative stages in the AL and for all event-relative stages in the EP.
Comparative application analysis and test verification on equivalent modeling theories of honeycomb sandwich panels for satellite solar arrays
Authors: Wang Wei , Luo Haitao , Fu Jia , Wang Haochen , Yu Changshuai , Liu Guangming , Wei Qiming , Wu Shufan
Published: November 2020

Due to the difficulty of direct finite-element modeling for honeycomb sandwich panels, it is more common to apply equivalent modeling theories. It is necessary to compare their equivalent precision and then to determine the method with the best equivalent performance so as to prepare for the application in satellite solar arrays. The first 10 natural frequencies are obtained by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of sandwich panel theory model, honeycomb panel theory model, and equivalent panel theory model. The equivalent errors of different equivalent methods are obtained by comparison with the analysis results of real honeycomb panel model. Then, the sandwich panel theory and the Hoff theory with high precision are used to simulate the solar array panel. The two methods are further verified and compared by simulation and experiment. Finally, the sandwich panel theory with the highest accuracy is selected to simulate the vibration response of the solar array panel based on the above work. By comparing the frequency response analysis results with the test results, it is found that the maximum acceleration response error is within 7%, and the corresponding frequency error of the main direction is within 3%. The comparison between random analysis results and test results shows that the root mean square response errors of acceleration in three directions are within 13.7%. It is proved that the sandwich panel theory has high accuracy in the honeycomb structure. Based on the background of a specific space project, this study innovatively applies the test results to compare several typical equivalent theories of honeycomb sandwich panels so as to get a theory with the highest equivalent precision. The final conclusion has been applied to the design of related space products and proved to be feasible. This provides important reference and basis for the structural design of the satellite.
Supporting digital discourse? The deliberative function of links on Twitter
Authors: Jakob Julia
Published: November 2020

Digital discussion spaces have changed the shape of discursive argumentation considerably. While there is not much explicit reasoning on Twitter, many users link to external resources in their tweets. This study zooms in on the justificatory capacity of those links and investigates their deliberative function on the platform. A qualitative exploration of material from four countries shows that links to external resources support Twitter discourse by regularly substantiating user statements in the context of both information and argumentation. Links with a truth-based informative function are posted to support deliberative truth claims with empirical evidence, thus adding primarily to theoretical discourses. Links with a norm-based argumentative function are shared to legitimate positions against social standards. They contribute to practical discourses about courses of action by sustaining deliberative claims for normative rightness. The country comparison suggests that societal divisions foster a norm-based argumentative rather than truth-based informative use of links on Twitter.
Toward a divine economic system: Understanding exchanges in a religious consumption field
Authors: Appau Samuelson
Published: November 2020

Marketing theory on exchanges is dominated by market/nonmarket exchanges and their hybrid versions. However, unlike these relatively more secular exchanges, little is known about religious exchanges or “gifts-to-gods” in marketing theory, in spite of evidence to indicate its overwhelming presence around the world. Using the context of a Pentecostal consumption field, this article examines three forms of religious exchanges—exchange with the church (institution), exchange among church members (communal pooling), and exchange with God (sacred) and how they influence the consumption of religion in this context. Instead of market/nonmarket economic systems, the article advances a divine economic system—a system of exchanges governed by divine agents (gods, spirits, saints), which centralizes and legitimizes these religious exchanges. This article extends marketing theory on exchanges, reciprocity, and the consumption and marketization of religion.
Predictive factors of early progression after CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Vercellino Laetitia , Di Blasi Roberta , Kanoun Salim , Tessoulin Benoit , Rossi Cedric , D'Aveni-Piney Maud , Obéric Lucie , Bodet-Milin Caroline , Bories Pierre , Olivier Pierre , Lafon Ingrid , Berriolo-Riedinger Alina , Galli Eugenio , Bernard Sophie , Rubio Marie-Thérèse , Bossard Celine , Meignin Veronique , Merlet Pascal , Feugier Pierre , Le Gouill Steven , Ysebaert Loic , Casasnovas Olivier , Meignan Michel , Chevret Sylvie , Thieblemont Catherine
Published: November 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as an option for relapsed/refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas that have failed 2 lines of therapy. Failures usually occur early after infusion. The purpose of our study was to identify factors that may predict failure, particularly early progression (EP), within the first month after infusion. Characteristics of 116 patients were analyzed at the time of decision (TD) to use commercial CAR (axicabtagene ciloleucel, n = 49; tisagenlecleucel n = 67) and at the time of treatment (TT), together with total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) at TT. With a median follow-up of 8.2 months, 55 patients failed treatment; 27 (49%) were early progressors. The estimated 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 47.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.0-58.6) and 67.0% (95% CI, 57-79), respectively. Univariate analyses for PFS and OS identified Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥2, stage III/IV disease, extranodal (EN) sites ≥2, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased C-reactive protein (CRP), high International Prognostic Index at TD and at TT, as well as increased CRP, bulky mass, and high TMTV at TT, as risk factors. Multivariate analyses for PFS, EP, and OS identified elevated LDH and EN sites ≥2 at TD and the same predictors at TT (ie, increased CRP, EN sites ≥2, and TMTV >80 mL). In summary, risk factors identified for early progression at TD and at TT were EN involvement (≥2 sites) and lymphoma burden (LDH, TMTV).
Quantitative Structure–Mutation–Activity Relationship Tests (QSMART) model for protein kinase inhibitor response prediction
Authors: Huang Liang-Chin , Yeung Wayland , Wang Ye , Cheng Huimin , Venkat Aarya , Li Sheng , Ma Ping , Rasheed Khaled , Kannan Natarajan
Published: November 2020

Background

Protein kinases are a large family of druggable proteins that are genomically and proteomically altered in many human cancers. Kinase-targeted drugs are emerging as promising avenues for personalized medicine because of the differential response shown by altered kinases to drug treatment in patients and cell-based assays. However, an incomplete understanding of the relationships connecting genome, proteome and drug sensitivity profiles present a major bottleneck in targeting kinases for personalized medicine.

Results

In this study, we propose a multi-component Quantitative Structure–Mutation–Activity Relationship Tests (QSMART) model and neural networks framework for providing explainable models of protein kinase inhibition and drug response ($$\hbox {IC}_{50}$$IC50) profiles in cell lines. Using non-small cell lung cancer as a case study, we show that interaction terms that capture associations between drugs, pathways, and mutant kinases quantitatively contribute to the response of two EGFR inhibitors (afatinib and lapatinib). In particular, protein–protein interactions associated with the JNK apoptotic pathway, associations between lung development and axon extension, and interaction terms connecting drug substructures and the volume/charge of mutant residues at specific structural locations contribute significantly to the observed$$\hbox {IC}_{50}$$IC50values in cell-based assays.

Conclusions

By integrating multi-omics data in the QSMART model, we not only predict drug responses in cancer cell lines with high accuracy but also identify features and explainable interaction terms contributing to the accuracy. Although we have tested our multi-component explainable framework on protein kinase inhibitors, it can be extended across the proteome to investigate the complex relationships connecting genotypes and drug sensitivity profiles.
Comparison of size distribution and (Pro249-Ser258) epitope exposure in in vitro and in vivo derived Tau fibrils
Authors: Marreiro André , Van Kolen Kristof , Sousa Cristiano , Temmerman Liesbet , Vasconcelos Bruno , Crespo-Rodriguez Rosa , van Weering Jan R. T. , Van Dam Debby , De Deyn Peter P. , Apetri Adrian , Schoofs Liliane , Mercken Marc H.
Published: November 2020

Background

Although several studies demonstrate prion-like properties of Tau fibrils, the effect of size in the seeding capacity of these aggregates is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to characterize Tau seeds by their size and seeding capacity.

Methods

Tau aggregates were isolated from postmortem AD brain tissue and separated from low molecular weight species by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Biochemical characterization of the different fractions was done by non-reducing Western blotting and aggregate-specific immuno-assays using in house developed anti-Tau monoclonal antibodies, including PT76 which binds to an epitope close to the microtubule-binding domain and, hence, also to K18. Seeding efficiency was then assessed in HEK293 cells expressing K18 FRET sensors.

Results

We observed that upon sonication of Tau aggregates different size-distributed tau aggregates are obtained. In biochemical assays, these forms show higher signals than the non-sonicated material in some aggregation-specific Tau assays. This could be explained by an increased epitope exposure of the smaller aggregates created by the sonication. By analyzing human brain derived and recombinant (K18) Tau aggregates in a cellular FRET assay, it was observed that, in the absence of transfection reagent, sonicated aggregates showed higher aggregation induction. Preparations also showed altered profiles on native PAGE upon sonication and we could further separate different aggregate species based on their molecular weight via sucrose gradients.

Conclusions

This study further elucidates the molecular properties regarding relative aggregate size and seeding efficiency of sonicated vs. non-sonicated high molecular weight Tau species. This information will provide a better knowledge on how sonication, a commonly used technique in the field of study of Tau aggregation, impacts the aggregates. In addition, the description of PT76-based aggregation specific assay is a valuable tool to quantify K18 and human AD Tau fibrils.
Development of supermale and all-male Atlantic salmon to research the vgll3 allele - puberty link
Authors: Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom J. , Wargelius Anna , Ayllon Fernando , Glover Kevin A. , Schulz Rüdiger W. , Fraser Thomas W. K.
Published: November 2020

Background

Farmed Atlantic salmon are one of the most economically significant global aquaculture products. Early sexual maturation of farmed males represents a significant challenge to this industry and has been linked with the vgll3 genotype. However, tools to aid research of this topic, such as all-male and clonal fish, are still lacking. The present 6-year study examined if all-male production is possible in Atlantic salmon, a species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes (males being XY, females XX), and if all-male fish can be applied to further explore the vgll3 contribution on the likelihood of early maturation.

Results

Estrogen treatment of mixed sex yolk sac larvae gave rise to one sexually mature hermaphrodite with a male genotype (XY) that was used to produce both self-fertilized offspring and androgenetic double haploid (dh) offspring following egg activation with UV treated sperm and pressure shock to block the first mitotic division. There were YY supermales among both offspring types, which were crossed with dh females. Between 1 and 8% of the putative all-male offspring from the eight crosses with self-fertilized supermales were found to have ovaries, and 95% of these phenotypic females were also genetically female. None of the offspring from the one dh supermale cross had ovaries. When assessing the general contribution of the vgll3 locus on the likelihood of early post-smolt sexual maturation (jacking) in the all-male populations we found individuals that were homozygous for the early maturing genotype (97%) were more likely to enter puberty than individuals that were homozygous for the late maturing genotype (26%). However, the likelihood of jacking within individuals with an early/late heterozygous genotype was higher when the early allele came from the dam (94%) compared to the sire (45%).

Conclusions

The present results show that supermale Atlantic salmon are viable and fertile and can be used as a research tool to study important aspects of sexual maturation, such as to further explore the sex dependent parental genetic contribution to age at puberty in Atlantic salmon. In addition, we report the production of viable double haploid supermale fish.
Correction to: Proteotranscriptomics assisted gene annotation and spatial proteomics of Bombyx mori BmN4 cell line
Authors: Levin Michal , Scheibe Marion , Butter Falk
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals evolutionary divergence and shared network of cold and salt stress response in diploid D-genome cotton
Authors: Xu Yanchao , Magwanga Richard Odongo , Jin Dingsha , Cai Xiaoyan , Hou Yuqing , Juyun Zheng , Agong Stephen Gaya , Wang Kunbo , Liu Fang , Zhou Zhongli
Published: November 2020

Background

Wild species of cotton are excellent resistance to abiotic stress. Diploid D-genome cotton showed abundant phenotypic diversity and was the putative donor species of allotetraploid cotton which produce the largest textile natural fiber.

Results

A total of 41,053 genes were expressed in all samples by mapping RNA-seq Illumina reads of G. thurberi (D1), G. klotzschianum (D3-k), G. raimondii (D5) and G. trilobum (D8) to reference genome. The numbers of differently expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly higher under cold stress than salt stress. However, 34.1% DEGs under salt stress were overlapped with cold stress in four species. Notably, a potential shared network (cold and salt response, including 16 genes) was mined out by gene co-expression analysis. A total of 47,180–55,548 unique genes were identified in four diploid species by De novo assembly. Furthermore, 163, 344, 330, and 161 positively selected genes (PSGs) were detected in thurberi, G. klotzschianum, G. raimondii and G. trilobum by evolutionary analysis, respectively, and 9.5–17% PSGs of four species were DEGs in corresponding species under cold or salt stress. What’s more, most of PSGs were enriched GO term related to response to stimulation. G. klotzschianum showed the best tolerance under both cold and salt stress. Interestingly, we found that a RALF-like protein coding gene not only is PSGs of G. klotzschianum, but also belongs to the potential shared network.

Conclusion

Our study provided new evidence that gene expression variations of evolution by natural selection were essential drivers of the morphological variations related to environmental adaptation during evolution. Additionally, there exist shared regulated networks under cold and salt stress, such as Ca2+ signal transduction and oxidation-reduction mechanisms. Our work establishes a transcriptomic selection mechanism for altering gene expression of the four diploid D-genome cotton and provides available gene resource underlying multi-abiotic resistant cotton breeding strategy.
Breast and cervical cancer screening services in Malawi: a systematic review
Authors: Pittalis Chiara , Panteli Emily , Schouten Erik , Magongwa Irene , Gajewski Jakub
Published: November 2020

Background

To identify and to assess factors enhancing or hindering the delivery of breast and cervical cancer screening services in Malawi with regard to accessibility, uptake, acceptability and effectiveness.

Methods

Systematic review of published scientific evidence. A search of six bibliographic databases and grey literature was executed to identify relevant studies conducted in Malawi in the English language, with no time or study design restrictions. Data extraction was conducted in Excel and evidence synthesis followed a thematic analysis approach to identify and compare emerging themes.

Results

One hundred and one unique records were retrieved and 6 studies were selected for final inclusion in the review. Multiple factors affect breast and cervical cancer service delivery in Malawi, operating at three interlinked levels. At the patient level, lack of knowledge and awareness of the disease, location, poor screening environment and perceived quality of care may act as deterrent to participation in screening; at the health facility level, services are affected by the availability of resources and delivery modalities; and at the healthcare system level, inadequate funding and staffing (distribution, supervision, retention), and lack of appropriate monitoring and guidelines may have a negative impact on services. Convenience of screening, in terms of accessibility (location, opening times) and integration with other health services (e.g. reproductive or HIV services), was found to have a positive effect on service uptake. Building awareness of cancer and related services, and offering quality screening (dedicated room, privacy, staff professionalism etc.) are significant determinants of patient satisfaction.

Conclusions

Capitalising on these lessons is essential to strengthen breast and cervical cancer service delivery in Malawi, to increase early detection and to improve survival of women affected by the disease.
The association between incidence and mortality of brain cancer and human development index (HDI): an ecological study
Authors: Khazaei Zaher , Goodarzi Elham , Borhaninejad Vahidreza , Iranmanesh Farhad , Mirshekarpour Hosein , Mirzaei Batool , Naemi Hasan , Bechashk Sayeed Maryam , Darvishi Isan , Ershad Sarabi Roghayeh , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Background

Brain cancer is a rare and deadly malignancy with a low survival rate. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of brain cancer and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) worldwide.

Methods

This is an ecological study. The data on cancer incidence and cancer mortality was extracted from the World Bank for Cancer in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018). The incidence, mortality rate, and brain cancer distribution maps were drawn for different countries. We used correlation and regression tests to examine the association of incidence and mortality rates of brain cancer with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.

Results

According to the results of Global Cancer Registry in 2018, there were 18,078,957 registered cases of cancer in both sexes, of which 29,681 were related to brain cancer. The highest incidence (102,260 cases, 34.4%) and mortality (77,815 cases, 32.3%) belonged to very high HDI regions. Results showed that incidence (r = 0.690,P < 0.0001) and mortality rates (r = 0.629,P < 0.001) of brain cancer are significantly correlated with HDI. We also observed a positive correlation between brain cancer incidence and Gross National Income (GNI) (r = 0.346,P < 0.001), Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) (r = 0.64,P < 0.001), TABLE (LEB) (r = 0.66,P < 0.001) and Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) (r = 0.667,P < 0.001). Results also revealed that mortality rate was significantly correlated with GNI (r = 0.28,P < 0.01), MYS (r = 0.591,P < 0.01), LEB (r = 0.624,P < 0.01), and EYS (r = 0.605,P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The results of the study showed that the incidence and mortality of brain cancer in countries with higher HDI levels is higher than countries with lower HDI levels, so attention to risk factors and action to reduce it in countries with higher HDI levels in controlling this cancer in this Countries are effective.