bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typhoon disaster state information extraction for Chinese texts
Authors: Ye Peng , Zhang Chunju , Chen Mingzhu , Li Shengcai
Published: April 2024

Typhoon disasters undergo a complex evolutionary process influenced by temporal changes, and investigating this process constitutes the central focus of geographical research. As a key node within the typhoon disaster process, the state serves as the foundation for gauging the dynamics of the disaster. The majority of current approaches to disaster information extraction rely on event extraction methods to acquire fundamental elements, including disaster-causing factors, disaster-bearing bodies, disaster-pregnant environment and the extent of damage. Due to the dispersion of various disaster information and the diversity of time and space, it is a challenge for supporting the analysis of the typhoon disaster process. In this paper, a typhoon disaster state information extraction (TDSIE) method for Chinese texts is proposed, which aims to facilitate the systematic integration of fragmented typhoon disaster information. First, the integration of part-of-speech tagging with spatio-temporal information extraction is employed to achieve the tagging of typhoon disaster texts. Second, within the framework of spatio-temporal semantic units, the typhoon disaster semantic vector is constructed to facilitate the identification of information elements of typhoon disaster states. Third, co-referential state information fusion is performed based on spatio-temporal cues. Experimental analysis, conducted using online news as the data source, reveals that the TDSIE achieves precision and recall rates consistently surpassing 85%. The typhoon disaster state information derived from the TDSIE allows for the analysis of spatio-temporal patterns, evolutionary characteristics, and activity modes of typhoon disasters across various scales. Therefore, TDSIE serves as valuable support for investigating the inherent process properties of typhoon disasters.
Preparation of corrosion inhibitor from natural plant for mild stil immersed in an acidic environmental: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Pourmohseni Maryam , Rashidi Alimorad , Karimkhani Mehrnoosh
Published: April 2024

In the present study, the inhibition performance of some medicinal plants (i.e. Yarrow, Wormwood, Maurorum, Marjoram, and Ribes rubrum) was theoretically and experimentally investigated for mild steel immersed in 1M HCl. In this way, the obtained extracts characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the electrochemical and theoretical techniques were used to study the inhibition mechanisms of the extracts for the immersed electrode in the acidic solution. In addition, the microstructure of the electrode surface immersed in the blank and inhibitor-containing solutions characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Violet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy was used to confirm the adsorption of the compounds on the electrode surface. The obtained electrochemical results revealed that the inhibition performance of the green inhibitors increased by increasing their dosage in the electrolyte. In addition, it was proved that Marjoram plant extract possessed the most inhibition efficiency (up to 92%) among the under-studied herbal extracts. Marjoram extract behaved as a mixed-type inhibitor in the hydrochloric acid solution, and the adsorption process of the extract on the steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption model. Adsorption of the compounds on the steel surface was also studied using density functional theory (DFT), and it was found that the protonated organic compounds in the extract have a high affinity for adsorption on the electrode surface in the acidic solution.
The infant–doctor relationship: an examination of infants’ distress reactions in the presence of a doctor
Authors: Watanabe Motonobu , Kato Masaharu , Matsuda Yoshi-Taka , Taniguchi Kosuke , Itakura Shoji
Published: April 2024

Fear of doctors is a common source of distress among infants; however, the underlying sources of this distress are unknown. To investigate the doctor-infant relationship, the behaviors of 61 healthy infants (176–617 days old) were observed in a simulated examination room. Their behaviors and electrocardiograms were recorded. Two groups of infants were analyzed: those who cried and those who did not. When an experimenter dressed in the doctor’s attire entered the room, all 9 infants who were crying (14.8% of all infants) stopped crying, all infants gazed at the experimenter, and their mean heart rate (HR) decreased. After the auscultation started, 29.5% of all infants cried, and the HRs of infants who cried were higher than those of infants who did not cry. During the auscultation, 80.0% of infants who cried averted from the experimenter, while 34.4% of infants who did not cry. Within 5 s of gazing at the stethoscope, the number of infants who cried increased from 3 to 12, and their mean HR also increased. Our findings suggest that the fear of doctors is not due to the appearance of doctors but rather to specific actions performed by doctors, such as auscultation. Infants may regard a doctor’s appearance as a source of interest. Furthermore, a stethoscope is a possible trigger for infants’ crying. These behavioral observations suggest the potential for patient-centered care for infants.
Nutritional ecology of a prototypical generalist predator, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Balestrieri A. , Gigliotti S. , Caniglia R. , Velli E. , Zambuto F. , De Giorgi E. , Mucci N. , Tremolada P. , Gazzola A.
Published: April 2024

Generalist species, which exploit a wide range of food resources, are expected to be able to combine available resources as to attain their specific macronutrient ratio (percentage of caloric intake of protein, lipids and carbohydrates). Among mammalian predators, the red fox Vulpesvulpes is a widespread, opportunistic forager: its diet has been largely studied, outlining wide variation according to geographic and climatic factors. We aimed to check if, throughout the species’ European range, diets vary widely in macronutrient composition or foxes can combine complementary foods to gain the same nutrient intake. First, we assessed fox’s intake target in the framework of nutritional geometry. Secondly, we aimed to highlight the effects of unbalanced diets on fox density, which was assumed as a proxy for Darwinian fitness, as assessed in five areas of the western Italian Alps. Unexpectedly, the target macronutrient ratio of the fox (52.4% protein-, 38.7% lipid- and 8.9% carbohydrate energy) was consistent with that of hypercarnivores, such as wolves and felids, except for carbohydrate intakes in urban and rural habitats. The inverse relation between density and the deviation of observed macronutrient ratios from the intake target suggests that fox capability of surviving in a wide range of habitats may not be exempt from fitness costs and that nutrient availability should be regarded among the biotic factors affecting animal abundance and distribution.
Impact of surface topography and hydrophobicity in varied precursor concentrations of tenorite (CuO) films: a study of film properties and photocatalytic efficiency
Authors: Althamthami Mohammed , Temam Hachemi Ben , Temam Elhachmi Guettaf , Rahmane Saâd , Gasmi Brahim , Hasan Gamil Gamal
Published: April 2024

Semiconductor films are crucial in photocatalysis applications, yet their controlled production remains challenging. Previous studies have mainly focused on deposition processes, heating rates, and doping of semiconductor oxides. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for fabricating tenorite (CuO) semiconductor films with varying precursor concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.1 g/ml) using a dip-coating technique. We explore the impact of contact angles, 3D surface topography, and film thickness on photoactivation properties, areas with limited previous research focus. The results demonstrate that higher-concentration tenorite films (0.1 g/ml) exhibit rougher surfaces (77.3 nm), increased hydrophobicity (65.61°), improved light-harvesting ability, enhanced charge separation, and higher active oxygen output. The crystal sizes were within the range of 7.3–44.1 nm. Wettability tests show a 21.47% improvement in the 0.1 g/ml film surface under indirect sunlight compared to darkness. Transmittance rates in the 600 nm range were from 0.02 to 90.94%. The direct optical band gaps were 1.21–2.74 eV, while the indirect band gaps remained unaffected (0.9–1.11 eV). Surface morphology analysis reveals an increased presence of grains with higher concentrations. Regarding photocatalysis's impact on film morphology and copper content, SEM images reveal minimal changes in film structure, while copper content remains stable with slight variations. This suggests strong adhesion of tenorite to the film after photocatalysis. Tenorite thin films display exceptional photocatalytic efficiency, making them suitable for practical applications.
Enzalutamide induces cytotoxicity in desmoplastic small round cell tumor independent of the androgen receptor
Authors: Magrath Justin W. , Goldberg Ilon N. , Truong Danh D. , Hartono Alifiani B. , Sampath Shruthi Sanjitha , Jackson Chandler E. , Ghosh Anushka , Cardin Derrick L. , Zhang Haitao , Ludwig Joseph A. , Lee Sean B.
Published: April 2024

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, pediatric cancer caused by the EWSR1::WT1 fusion protein. DSRCT predominantly occurs in males, which comprise 80-90% of the patient population. While the reason for this male predominance remains unknown, one hypothesis is that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in DSRCT and elevated testosterone levels in males help drive tumor growth. Here, we demonstrate that AR is highly expressed in DSRCT relative to other fusion-driven sarcomas and that the AR antagonists enzalutamide and flutamide reduce DSRCT growth. However, despite these findings, which suggest an important role for AR in DSRCT, we show that DSRCT cell lines form xenografts in female mice at the same rate as male mice and AR depletion does not significantly alter DSRCT growth in vitro. Further, we find that AR antagonists reduce DSRCT growth in cells depleted of AR, establishing an AR-independent mechanism of action. These findings suggest that AR dependence is not the reason for male predominance in DSRCT and that AR-targeted therapies may provide therapeutic benefit primarily through an AR-independent mechanism that requires further elucidation.
Rotation in attosecond vibronic coherence spectroscopy for molecules
Authors: Yuen Chi-Hong , Lin Chii-Dong
Published: April 2024

Excitation or ionization of a molecule by ultrafast laser pulses can create a superposition of electronic states, whose dynamics is influenced by the interplay of electronic coherence and nuclear motion, resulting in charge migration and possibly charge transfer. Probing the vibronic coherence is therefore vital to monitoring electronic dynamics and controlling chemical reactivity, as recently demonstrated in molecules via attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS). However, theories supporting the interpretation of ATAS experiments neglect the effects of molecular rotation, often leading to inaccurate interpretation of experimental data. Here, we develop a comprehensive theory for ATAS of molecules encompassing the entire pump-probe process. Applying the theory to N2, we demonstrate that the emergence of coherent signals critically depends on the consideration of molecular rotation. This work contributes to close the gap between theory and ATAS experiments, paving the way for monitoring electronic motion and controlling chemical reactivity in diverse molecular systems.
Spin-wave-driven tornado-like dynamics of three-dimensional topological magnetic textures
Authors: Qiu Lei , Shen Laichuan , Shen Ka
Published: April 2024

The abundant topological magnetic textures in three-dimensional systems provide opportunities to investigate the fundamental spin dynamics and realize spintronic applications. The dynamics of such magnetic textures have however rarely been studied, especially for those driven by spin waves, which allow applications with ultralow energy consumption and ease of implementation even in insulating systems. Here, we report our micromagnetic simulations on the spin-wave-driven dynamics of a skyrmion tube (SkT) and chiral bobber (ChB) in a thick magnetic film. We predict tornado-like dynamics in both SkT and ChB, where the topological centers present a lateral rotation with the rotation centers forming a distorted profile in the thickness direction. While the velocity of SkT scales with the driving power, the ChB motion presents a threshold in the driving field, which is found to depend linearly on its penetration length. This distinct behavior could be useful to differentiate ChB from SkT and estimate its penetration length experimentally.
Candidate spin-liquid ground state in CsNdSe2 with an effective spin-1/2 triangular lattice
Authors: Xing Jie , Mu Sai , Choi Eun Sang , Jin Rongying
Published: April 2024

Rare-earth-based triangular lattice materials are extremely attractive for studying unconventional magnetism. Here, we report the magnetic properties of layered CsNdSe2 based on direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) susceptibility measurements down to 0.04 K. While the AC susceptibility at the zero DC field shows a broad hump below 0.5 K, there is no sign of any long-range magnetic ordering. Quantitative analysis of the DC magnetic susceptibility gives the negative Curie-Weiss (CW) temperature θCW < 0 in all directions, indicating antiferromagnetic interaction between Nd ions. Of particular interest is the low temperature magnetic susceptibility, which reflects the effective spin-1/2 state with $${\theta }_{{{{{{{{\rm{cw}}}}}}}}}^{a}/{\theta }_{{{{{{{{\rm{cw}}}}}}}}}^{c}$$

θ

cw

a

/

θ

cw

c

> 3. The estimated exchange interactions are Ja/kB= 1.42 K (in-plane) and Jc/kB= 0.44 K (out-of-plane), pointing to the anisotropic magnetism. First-principles calculations that include spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb correlations reveal multiple states with zero net magnetization for CsNdSe2. Both experiment and simulation strongly suggest CsNdSe2 has the spin liquid ground state with effective spin-1/2. Application of a magnetic field can induce long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with the maximum transition temperature around 0.3 K, in further support of the zero-field spin liquid state.
Seismic monitoring using the telecom fiber network
Authors: Donadello Simone , Clivati Cecilia , Govoni Aladino , Margheriti Lucia , Vassallo Maurizio , Brenda Daniele , Hovsepyan Marianna , Bertacco Elio K. , Concas Roberto , Levi Filippo , Mura Alberto , Herrero André , Carpentieri Francesco , Calonico Davide
Published: April 2024

Laser interferometry enables to remotely measure microscopical length changes of deployed telecommunication cables originating from earthquakes. Long reach and compatibility with data transmission make it attractive for the exploration of both remote regions and highly-populated areas where optical networks are pervasive. However, interpretation of its response still suffers from a limited number of available datasets. We systematically analyze 1.5 years of acquisitions on a land-based telecommunication cable in comparison to co-located seismometers, with successful detection of events in a broad magnitude range, including very weak ones. We determine relations between a cable’s detection probability and the events magnitude and distance, introducing spectral analysis of fiber data as a tool to investigate earthquake dynamics. Our results reveal that quantitative analysis is possible, confirming applicability of this technique both for the global monitoring of our planet and the daily seismicity monitoring of populated areas, in perspective exploitable for civilian protection.
Human leukocyte antigen variants associate with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response
Authors: Esposito Martina , Minnai Francesca , Copetti Massimiliano , Miscio Giuseppe , Perna Rita , Piepoli Ada , De Vincentis Gabriella , Benvenuto Mario , D’Addetta Paola , Croci Susanna , Baldassarri Margherita , Bruttini Mirella , Fallerini Chiara , Brugnoni Raffaella , Cavalcante Paola , Baggi Fulvio , Corsini Elena Maria Grazia , Ciusani Emilio , Andreetta Francesca , Dragani Tommaso A. , Fratelli Maddalena , Carella Massimo , Mantegazza Renato E. , Renieri Alessandra , Colombo Francesca
Published: April 2024

Background

Since the beginning of the anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign, it has become evident that vaccinated subjects exhibit considerable inter-individual variability in the response to the vaccine that could be partly explained by host genetic factors. A recent study reported that the immune response elicited by the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in individuals from the United Kingdom was influenced by a specific allele of the human leukocyte antigen geneHLA-DQB1.

Methods

We carried out a genome-wide association study to investigate the genetic determinants of the antibody response to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in an Italian cohort of 1351 subjects recruited in three centers. Linear regressions between normalized antibody levels and genotypes of more than 7 million variants was performed, using sex, age, centers, days between vaccination boost and serological test, and five principal components as covariates. We also analyzed the association between normalized antibody levels and 204 HLA alleles, with the same covariates as above.

Results

Our study confirms the involvement of the HLA locus and shows significant associations with variants inHLA-A,HLA-DQA1, andHLA-DQB1genes. In particular, the HLA-A*03:01 allele is the most significantly associated with serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Other alleles, from both major histocompatibility complex class I and II are significantly associated with antibody levels.

Conclusions

These results support the hypothesis that HLA genes modulate the response to Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and highlight the need for genetic studies in diverse populations and for functional studies aimed to elucidate the relationship between HLA-A*03:01 and CD8+ cell response upon Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination.
Anti-price-gouging law is neither good nor bad in itself: a proposal of narrative numeric method for transdisciplinary social discourses
Authors: Byun Ji-Eun , Yi Sang-ri
Published: April 2024

Multiple authorities have introduced an anti-price-gouging law to prevent sellers from raising prices higher than what is considered reasonable. Effectiveness of the law has been heatedly debated in various disciplines such as economics, ethics and politics. In this article, we investigate its effectiveness by developing a model that simulates a post-earthquake situation and apply the model to San Francisco, CA, USA. The model accounts for various competing forces, i.e. post-disaster increase in production cost and demands, assets damage, donation and hoarding. Thereby, it returns multiple decision metrics, i.e. unfulfilled needs in basic goods, repair periods and well-being loss caused by insufficient supplies and increased prices. The result shows that the optimal level of a price cap depends on a decision metric and local conditions. This indicates that the problem does not have a single optimal decision, but rather a compromise needs to be made between conflicting decision metrics. Generalising this observation, we propose a narrative numeric (NN) method as a new social discourse method. The objective of the NN method does not lie in concluding the most truthful argument, but rather in identifying a decision scenario that yields an agreeable compromise to (hopefully) all stakeholder groups.
Hemicellulose pyrolysis: mechanism and kinetics of functionalized xylopyranose
Authors: Ayarde-Henríquez Leandro , Lupi Jacopo , Dooley Stephen
Published: April 2024

The pyrolytic conversion of β-d-xylopyranose species to acyclic compounds is the fastest process regardless of functional groups, significantly simplifying the exploration of the potential energy surface and contributing to bioproducts deployment.
Adsorption mechanisms of short-chain and ultrashort-chain PFAS on anion exchange resins and activated carbon
Authors: Lenka Swadhina P. , Kah Melanie , Chen Jack L.-Y. , Tiban-Anrango Bryan Andres , Padhye Lokesh P.
Published: April 2024

Short-chain and ultrashort-chain per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become ubiquitous in aquatic environments worldwide, and their concentrations are rising.
Enhanced photocatalytic water splitting with two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures of BAs/WTeSe
Authors: Hanifan BiBi , Jalil Abdul , Ilyas Syed Zafar , Ghulam Nabi Azeem , Di Tommaso Devis
Published: April 2024

DFT predicts stable boron arsenide-Janus monolayer heterostructures with tunable bandgaps, high light absorption, and good carrier mobility, making them ideal for photocatalytic water splitting.
Controlling the magnitude and polarity of surface charges in PEBA polymers by adding UIO-66 MOFs
Authors: Lapčinskis Linards , Šutka Andris , Kinka Martynas , Shieh Fa-Kuen , Ģērmane Līva , Balčiūnas Sergejus , Linarts Artis , Grigalaitis Robertas
Published: April 2024

In the present work, we demonstrate that incorporating UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 MOF particles into the PEBA polymer increases the triboelectric surface charge density and enables control of charge polarity by using MOFs with modified linkers.
In vitro profiling and molecular dynamics simulation studies of berberine loaded MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles to prevent neuronal apoptosis
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , Singh Snigdha , Minocha Tarun , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , Narayan Reema , Nayak Usha Yogendra , Singh Santosh Kumar , Awasthi Rajendra
Published: April 2024

Berberine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle-controlled drug release by a simple or quasi-diffusion mechanism, improving neuronal health, preventing apoptosis, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential.
Electrochemical control of the morphological evolution of PEDOT on a Ni–Co(OH)2/carbon cloth surface to modulate the performance of wearable H2O2 sensors
Authors: Zhang Xinmeng , Bai Mingyue , Ge Lei , Yao Yuanyuan
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical precise control of the morphology of PEDOT on the surface of the electrode enhances the sensing performance of the sensor.
Facile preparation of a CoNiS/CF electrode by SILAR for a high sensitivity non-enzymatic glucose sensor
Authors: Wang Shi , Zhang Ruirui , Ding Saiwen , Ao Jialin , Shu Ting
Published: April 2024

CoNiS/CF was prepared by a simple SILAR method for glucose sensor, which exhibited high sensitivity, good repeatability, and stability, and was able to detect glucose in real sample.
Injectable isoniazid-loaded bone cement based on hydrazone bonds achieving long-term release and decent mechanical properties
Authors: Xu Yang , Lin Hao , Gao Zhe , Guo Rui , Kan Yu-chen , Han Lu-yang , Bu Wen-han , Wang Zhi , Asilebieke Ayakuzi , Han Long-xu , Li Chuang , He Fang , Chu Jian-jun
Published: April 2024

A hydrazone-based isoniazid acrylic (HIA) bone cement is reported. It possesses mechanical strength and release properties superior to those of traditional isoniazid-containing antibiotic-loaded bone cement.
Polyamines promote xenobiotic nucleic acid synthesis by modified thermophilic polymerase mutants
Authors: Hoshino Hidekazu , Kasahara Yuuya , Obika Satoshi
Published: April 2024

Polyamines stimulate the synthesis of various xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNA) by modified thermophilic DNA polymerase mutants.
Self-assembled molecular network with waterwheel-like architecture: experimental and theoretical evaluation toward electron transport capabilities for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Karmakar Anirban , Thakur Diksha , Sharma Dipanshu , Chen Feng-Rong , Verma Varsha , Nagar Mangey Ram , Jou Jwo-Huei , Banik Subrata , Ghosh Subrata
Published: April 2024

The development of four molecular systems as electron transport materials and with fascinating self-assembled network is reported.
In situ 3D X-ray imaging of water distribution in each layer of a membrane electrode assembly of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
Authors: Matsui Hirosuke , Ohta Tomoro , Nakamura Takahiro , Uruga Tomoya , Tada Mizuki
Published: April 2024

In situ 3D computed tomography imaging with statistical analysis successfully revealed the water accumulation and drainage characteristics in the stacked gas diffusion layers and membrane electrode assembly of a PEFC.
Deep Mind 21 functional does not extrapolate to transition metal chemistry
Authors: Zhao Heng , Gould Tim , Vuckovic Stefan
Published: April 2024

The development of density functional approximations stands at a crossroads: while machine-learned functionals show potential to surpass their human-designed counterparts, their extrapolation to unseen chemistry lags behind.
1D Cu(i)-based chiral organic–inorganic hybrid material with second harmonic generation and circular polarized luminescence
Authors: Wu Zhi-Yuan , Yu Mu-Xin , Zhang Zi-Qing , Jiang Jia-Xin , Liu Ting , Jiang Fei-Long , Chen Lian , Hong Mao-Chun
Published: April 2024

A pair of 1D Cu(i)-based chiral organic–inorganic hybrid materials with good nonlinear optics, birefringence and red circular polarized luminescence have been synthesized.
Revealing unprecedented cathode interface behavior in all-solid-state batteries with oxychloride solid electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Feipeng , Zhang Shumin , Wang Shuo , Andrei Carmen M. , Yuan Hui , Zhou Jigang , Wang Jian , Zhuo Zengqing , Zhong Yu , Su Han , Kim Jung Tae , Yu Ruizhi , Gao Yingjie , Guo Jinghua , Sham Tsun-Kong , Mo Yifei , Sun Xueliang
Published: April 2024

The superionic conductor, lithium tantalum oxychloride (LTOC), exhibits unprecedented stability with Co-lean and Ni-rich cathodes, while lowering the working temperature proves effective in regulating the Co-rich cathode interface with LTOC.
Hydrogels as local depots for on-demand therapeutic delivery: potential therapeutic approaches for tumor metastasis
Authors: Andrgie Abegaz Tizazu , Tsai Hsieh-Chih
Published: April 2024

Potential application of hydrogels for local delivery of therapeutics for tumor metastasis.
Polydopamine-encapsulated zinc peroxide nanoparticles to target the metabolism-redox circuit against tumor adaptability for mild photothermal therapy
Authors: Qiao Yue , Jia Xiaodan , Wang Yue , Liu Lin , Zhang Mengchao , Jiang Xiue
Published: April 2024

ZnO2@PDA NPs boost endogenous/exogenous Zn2+ and H2O2, destroying the metabolism-redox circuit to achieve dual-starvation therapy, oxidative stress, and mild photothermal therapy.
A metal–organic cage-derived cascade antioxidant nanozyme to mitigate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Huang Cheng , Deng Yucen , Ma Rongze , Ge Hucheng , Gong Fuzhong , Yang Jinghui , Zhu Xinyuan , Wang Youfu
Published: April 2024

An MOC-based cascade nanozyme with relatively definite structures was developed and it scavenged ROS to alleviate renal I/R injury.
Deconstructive annulation mediated one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives
Authors: Manikandan Balasubramaniyam , Thamotharan Subbiah , Blacque Olivier , Selva Ganesan Subramaniapillai
Published: April 2024

One-pot, two-step methodology utilized for the sequential C–O/C–N cleavage followed by intramolecular/intermolecular annulation reaction.
Triazatriangulenium salts – hosts and guests in supramolecular assemblies in solution
Authors: Sarkar Sayan , Böck Michael , Uhl Agnes , Agafontsev Aleksandr , Schatz Jürgen , Kataev Evgeny A.
Published: April 2024

Self-assembly of triangulenium dyes bearing C3-C8 substituents and their interaction with aromatic compounds and cyclophanes were studied in solution.
Study on the transformation of nitrate nitrogen by manganese-catalyzed iron–carbon micro-electrolysis and microbial coupling
Authors: Wan Qiong , Li Xiayin , Wang Feng , Yang Guohong , Ju Kai , Jing Hongbin , Li Kun , He Peng , Zhang Xinyan
Published: April 2024

In a given sample in order to reduce nitrate nitrogen pollution in water, nitrate nitrogen removal methods based on iron–carbon micro-electrolysis have become a key research focus.
Fullerene-C60 and PCBM as interlayers in regular and inverted lead-free PSCs using CH3NH3SnI3: an analysis of device performance and defect density dependence by SCAPS-1D
Authors: Diniz Araújo Vívian Helene , Nogueira Ana Flávia , Tristão Juliana Cristina , dos Santos Leandro José
Published: April 2024

The use of fullerene-C60 and PCBM as interlayers in lead-free PSCs can positively impact the optimized parameters of these solar cells. The simulation program SCAPS-1D was used to simulate inverted and regular PSCs using interlayers in MASI PSCs.
Computational studies and synthesis of 131iodine-labeled nocardiotide A analogs as a peptide-based theragnostic radiopharmaceutical ligand for cancer targeting SSTR2
Authors: Sugiharti Rizky Juwita , Maharani Rani , Kurniawan Fransiska , Kartasasmita Rahmana Emran , Tjahjono Daryono Hadi
Published: April 2024

The cWIWLYA peptide shows high labeling efficiency with I-131 (>90%). Its 131I2-complex has high stability at room temperature as well as in plasma.
Innovative wound management: creating dynamic Alg-Mg/SF hydrogels for controlled Mg2+ release in wound healing
Authors: Dai Chaolun , Wu Binxin , Chen Min , Gao Yisheng , Zhang Miao , Li Wanhua , Li Guicai , Xiao Qinzhi , Zhao Yahong , Yang Yumin
Published: April 2024

Antibacterial hydrogels have gained considerable attention for soft tissue repair, particularly in preventing infections associated with wound healing.
Regioisomeric thieno[3,4-d]thiazole-based A-Q-D-Q-A-type NIR acceptors for efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Iqbal Tahseen , Sun Shaoming , Liu Kerui , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: April 2024

With better phase separation in film morphology, regioisomeric non-fullerene acceptor TzS-S shows 1.5 times higher PCE and 20 times greater electron mobilities than TzN-S, indicating the role of isomeric conformations in photovoltaic performance.
Accelerating protein aggregation and amyloid fibrillation for rapid inhibitor screening
Authors: Fan Jingjin , Liang Liwen , Zhou Xiaoyu , Ouyang Zheng
Published: April 2024

Amyloidosis has been found to be linked to numerous devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that proteins in microdroplets accelerate to form fibrils in milliseconds, enabling inhibitor screening for Aβ40 within 3 minutes.
Access to chiral dihydrophenanthridines via a palladium(0)-catalyzed Suzuki coupling and C–H arylation cascade reaction using new chiral-bridged biphenyl bifunctional ligands
Authors: Chen Bin , Pan Bendu , He Xiaobo , Jiang Long , Chan Albert S. C. , Qiu Liqin
Published: April 2024

New bifunctional ligands enable enantioselective C–H arylation and a one pot cascade reaction involving Suzuki cross-coupling and C–H arylation.
Improving performance of sky-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes by triple additives
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhang Ganshuai , Mao Yu , Zhao Ji Chen , Huang Xiang Lan , Wang Jian , Peng Junbiao
Published: April 2024

A defect-passivation strategy is proposed to fabricate efficient sky-blue PeLEDs by using three additives: 2-(4-fluorophenyl) ethylamine hydrobromide (p-F-PEABr), lithium bromide (LiBr), and diethylamine hydrobromide (DEABr).
Structural properties and electrochemical performance of different polymorphs of FePO4 as raw materials for lithium ion electrodes
Authors: Yuan Yajie , Hu Junxian , Wang Li , Li Yin , Yao Yaochun
Published: April 2024

In this study, three different polymorphs of FePO4 (amorphous, monoclinic, and trigonal) are synthesized and their crystal phase structures are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Audiology Students' Clinical Communication During Simulated Peer Role Play Consultations: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kanji Amisha , Watermeyer Jennifer , Hassim Aakifah
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical communication practices of student audiologists during case history taking and feedback giving using simulated peer role play consultations and to explore whether clinical communication skills outcomes can be achieved through simulated peer role play.

Method:

An exploratory, qualitative research design was used for this pilot study. A total of four simulated peer role play consultations were video-recorded, comprising two adult diagnostic audiology case scenarios. Eight online interviews were conducted with the student participants following the simulated audiological consultation. Analysis of the video-recorded sessions incorporated an interactional sociolinguistic focus, and interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results:

Findings from the video analysis and interviews were triangulated, with a specific focus on establishing commonalities in terms of communication skills of student clinicians, reflections of their own skills, and the simulated peer patient's reflections on the student clinician's skills. Although variation was noted in terms of case history taking skills, feedback giving was similar among all student clinicians. These communication practices are consistent with findings from related literature on consultations with real patients. Student clinicians reflected on feedback giving as more challenging than case history taking, with room for improvement suggested by the simulated peer patients.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight key questions regarding the use of peer simulation in facilitating the development of communication skills for audiological consultations among student audiologists. We discuss some considerations for using this approach to clinical training more effectively.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25492804
Muscle Tension Dysphagia: An Expanded Investigation of Clinical Presentations and Swallowing Kinematics
Authors: Buckley Daniel P. , Borders James C. , Pisegna Jessica M.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This study retrospectively examined patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, and swallowing kinematics in individuals with presumed muscle tension dysphagia (MTDg).

Method:

Twenty-six individuals met the inclusion criteria. Data were gathered from patient-reported outcome measures (PROs), symptomology, clinician reports of palpation, and hyolaryngeal and hyoid movements measured on a 20-ml thin liquid bolus during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.

Results:

All PROs were outside of typical limits, except for the Voice Handicap Index-10. Mean hyoid excursion was 1.52 cm (
SD
= 0.46, range: 0.76–2.43), and hyolaryngeal excursion was 0.77 cm (
SD
= 0.44, range: −0.42–1.68). A minority of participants (4%–19%) demonstrated atypical hyoid and/or hyolaryngeal excursion compared to the available normative reference value sets.

Conclusions:

Individuals demonstrated abnormalities in the clinical evaluation of the areas of palpation and reported perilaryngeal discomfort and symptoms of laryngeal hyperresponsiveness, with a negative impact on their quality of life across various PROs. Atypical hyoid and/or hyolaryngeal excursion during swallowing was rare when compared to available normative reference values. The clinical evaluation of MTDg may be enhanced by including components related to muscle tension and laryngeal hyperresponsiveness in order to differentiate MTDg from idiopathic functional dysphagia and lead the patient to the otolaryngology/speech-language pathology clinic for intervention and management.
Effects of Speech Cues on Acoustics and Intelligibility of Korean-Speaking Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Chang Younghwa M. , Jeong Pil-Yeon , Hwang KyungHae , Ihn Bo-Yeon , McAuliffe Megan J. , Sim Hyunsub , Levy Erika S.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Reduced speech intelligibility is often a hallmark of children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (CP), but effects of speech strategies for increasing intelligibility are understudied, especially in children who speak languages other than English. This study examined the effects of (the Korean translation of) two cues, “speak with your big mouth” and “speak with your strong voice,” on speech acoustics and intelligibility of Korean-speaking children with CP.

Method:

Fifteen Korean-speaking children with CP repeated words and sentences in habitual, big mouth, and strong voice conditions. Acoustic analyses were performed and intelligibility was assessed by means of 90 blinded listeners' ease-of-understanding (EoU) ratings and percentage of words correctly transcribed (PWC).

Results:

In response to both cues, children's vocal intensity and utterance duration increased significantly and differentially, whereas their vowel space area gains did not reach statistical significance. EoU increased significantly in the big mouth condition at word, but not sentence, level, whereas in the strong voice condition, EoU increased significantly at both levels. PWC increases were not statistically significant. Considerable variability in children's responses to cues was noted overall.

Conclusions:

Korean-speaking children with CP modify their speech styles differentially when provided with cues aimed to increase their articulatory working space and vocal intensity. The results provide preliminary support for the use of the strong voice cue, in particular, to increase EoU. While the findings do not offer conclusive evidence of the intelligibility benefits of these cues, investigation with a larger sample size should provide further insight into optimal cueing strategies for increasing intelligibility in this population. Implications for language-specific versus language-independent treatment approaches are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25521052
Event‐triggered adaptive fuzzy bipartite containment control for switched nonlinear multi‐agent systems with actuator attacks
Authors: Liu Chao , Niu Ben , Jiang Yuqiang , Liu Xinyu , Li Shengtao
Published: April 2024

This paper considers the event‐triggered adaptive fuzzy bipartite containment control problem for switched nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with actuator attacks. To handle the completely unknown nonlinear functions in the considered system, fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are applied to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. In addition, an adaptive bipartite containment control approach is designed to deal with the actuator attacks, which can reduce the burden of communication. According to the designed adaptive bipartite containment control scheme, it is shown that all the signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and all the outputs of the followers achieve the bipartite consensus and finally enter the convex set spanned by leaders' in the presence of actuator attacks. Eventually, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the availability of the developed strategy.
Video frame interpolation via spatial multi‐scale modelling
Authors: Qu Zhe , Liu Weijing , Cui Lizhen , Yang Xiaohui
Published: April 2024

Video frame interpolation (VFI) is a technique that synthesises intermediate frames between adjacent original video frames to enhance the temporal super‐resolution of the video. However, existing methods usually rely on heavy model architectures with a large number of parameters. The authors introduce an efficient VFI network based on multiple lightweight convolutional units and a Local three‐scale encoding (LTSE) structure. In particular, the authors introduce a LTSE structure with two‐level attention cascades. This design is tailored to enhance the efficient capture of details and contextual information across diverse scales in images. Secondly, the authors introduce recurrent convolutional layers (RCL) and residual operations, designing the recurrent residual convolutional unit to optimise the LTSE structure. Additionally, a lightweight convolutional unit named separable recurrent residual convolutional unit is introduced to reduce the model parameters. Finally, the authors obtain the three‐scale decoding features from the decoder and warp them for a set of three‐scale pre‐warped maps. The authors fuse them into the synthesis network to generate high‐quality interpolated frames. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach achieves superior performance with fewer model parameters.
Optimal voltage angle for maximum torque per voltage control of induction machine in deep field‐weakening region
Authors: Lipcak Ondrej
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the optimal stator voltage angle in a rotor flux‐oriented system of an induction machine drive, aiming to maximise machine torque while operating in a deep field weakening region. Here, torque maximisation leads to maximum torque per voltage control, as only voltage constraints are relevant in this region due to high back‐electromotive force. Previous studies have predominantly focused on field‐weakening operation and torque maximisation, assuming a constant synchronous speed. However, for a given rotor speed, the variation in the dq voltage components impacts the slip speed, thereby influencing the synchronous speed. Therefore, this paper proposes enhanced analytical expressions to address this limitation. It is shown that after a linearisation around a suitable operating point, a closed‐form algebraic equation for calculating the speed and parameter‐dependent optimal voltage angle for torque maximisation can be obtained. The theoretical analysis is supported by numerical and experimental results. The presented linearised expression is proven to be an effective tool for the analytical calculation of the optimal voltage angle, making it suitable for real‐time control applications. It is shown that the proposed approach achieves higher drive torque and efficiency than the conventional voltage component distribution.
Interrupted sampling repeater jamming suppression based on multiple extended complex‐valued convolutional auto‐encoders
Authors: Meng Yunyun , Yu Lei , Wei Yinsheng
Published: April 2024

Interrupted sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ) with flexible modulation parameters and coherent processing gain seriously threatens the radar detection system. The jamming suppression and target detection performance of existing anti‐jamming methods are limited by strong noise and jamming signals. An ISRJ suppression method combining multiple extended complex‐valued convolutional auto‐encoders (CVCAEs) and compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction is proposed. For the different tasks of parameter estimation and signal denoising, the extended CVCAEs including a complex‐valued convolutional shrinkage network (CVCSNet) and a complex‐valued UNet (CVUNet) are developed. Based on the time‐domain discontinuity of ISRJ signals, the CVCSNet is first used to directly estimate the parameters representing signal components and extract jamming‐free signals from received signals. Then, the extracted signals are denoised using the CVUNet. After that, relying on the denoised signals and the frequency sparsity of de‐chirped target signals, a CS model is established and solved to recover complete target signals for jamming suppression. Utilising the advantages of deep neural networks in weak feature extraction and signal representation, the CVCSNet and CVUNet can effectively improve the signal extraction accuracy and alleviate the limitation of noise on target signal reconstruction. Experimental results verify that the proposed method has superior ISRJ suppression performance and is robust to varying signal‐to‐noise ratios, jamming‐to‐signal ratios and jamming parameters.
Trading oxygen for iron
Authors: Chruślińska M. , Pakmor R. , Matthee J. , Matsuno T.
Published: April 2024

Our current knowledge of the star-forming metallicity of galaxies relies primarily on gas-phase oxygen abundance measurements. However, these do not always allow an accurate description of differences in stellar evolution and feedback, which are driven by variations in iron abundance. α-elements (such as oxygen) and iron are produced by sources that operate on different timescales and the link between them is not straightforward. We explore the origin of the [O/Fe]–specific SFR (sSFR) relation, linking chemical abundances to galaxy formation timescales. This relation is adhered to by star-forming galaxies across redshifts according to cosmological simulations and basic theoretical expectations. Its apparent universality makes it suitable for trading the readily available oxygen for iron abundance. We show that the relation is determined by the relative iron production efficiency of core-collapse and type Ia supernovae and the delay-time distribution of the latter – uncertain factors that could be constrained empirically with the [O/Fe]–sSFR relation. We compile and homogenise a literature sample of star-forming galaxies with observational iron abundance determinations to place first constraints on the [O/Fe]–sSFR relation over a wide range of sSFR. The relation shows a clear evolution towards lower [O/Fe] with decreasing sSFR and a flattening above log10(sSFR/yr)  >   − 9. These results are broadly consistent with expectations, but better constraints are needed to inform the models. We independently derive the relation from old Milky Way stars and find remarkable agreement between the two, as long as the recombination-line absolute oxygen abundance scale is used in conjunction with stellar metallicity measurements.
Discovery of widespread non-metastable ammonia masers in the Milky Way
Authors: Yan Y. T. , Henkel C. , Menten K. M. , Wilson T. L. , Wootten A. , Gong Y. , Wyrowski F. , Yang W. , Brunthaler A. , Kraus A. , Winkel B.
Published: April 2024

We present the results of a search for ammonia maser emission in 119 Galactic high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFRs) known to host 22 GHz H2O maser emission. Our survey has led to the discovery ofnon-metastable NH3 inversion line masers toward 14 of these sources. This doubles the number of known non-metastable ammonia masers in our Galaxy, including nine new very high-excitation (J, K) = (9,6) maser sources. These maser lines, including NH3 (5,4), (6,4), (6,5), (7,6), (8,6), (9,6), (9,8), (10,8), and (11,9), arise from energy levels of 342 K, 513 K, 465 K, 606 K, 834 K, 1090 K, 942 K, 1226 K, and 1449 K above the ground state. Additionally, we tentatively report a new metastable NH3 (3,3) maser in G048.49 and an NH3 (7,7) maser in G029.95. Our observations reveal that all of the newly detected NH3 maser lines exhibit either blueshifted or redshifted velocities with respect to the source systemic velocities. Among the non-metastable ammonia maser lines, larger velocity distributions, offset from the source systemic velocities, are found in the ortho-NH3 (K = 3n) transitions than in the para-NH3 (K ≠ 3n) ones.
A new approach for the numerical calculation of diffraction patterns using starshades
Authors: Aime C. , Prunet S. , Theys C. , Ferrari A. , Lantéri H.
Published: April 2024

Context.We studied the imaging of exoplanetary systems using starshades, which are externally occulted coronagraphs in space.

Aims.We provide a new method for precisely evaluating the stray light due to the star and a rapid calculation of the point spread functions in the presence of vignetting effects from the external occulter. Our study used shaped occulter configurations published in the literature, in particular, the SISTER NI2 and NW2 systems.

Methods.The wavefront at the telescope aperture was computed using the classic Fresnel filtering method. The Fourier transform of the occulter was obtained with the highest possible precision using an approach initially developed for radio antennas, known as the polygonal shape factor.

Results.We show that the Fresnel diffraction for a finite spatial field operates at very low frequencies only, and that it is sufficient to calculate the Fourier transforms there. Diffraction patterns computed numerically fully agree with theoretical predictions. The central parts of diffractions of petal and apodized occulters are identical over a large central area that increases in size with the number of petals. These diffraction patterns are used to compute the point spread functions. We computed the stray light for a non-point source star; this shows that starshades are not sensitive to star leakage, with a star diameter limit for a given configuration. We also computed signal-to-noise ratios for a perfect experiment limited by photon noise.