bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forms of special knowledge used during the investigation of secret theft of someone else's property
Authors: Haidar O. V.
Published: November 2022

The concept of special knowledge forms used during pre-trial investigation is considered. The views of scientists regarding the classification of special knowledge forms used during the investigation of criminal proceedings are analyzed. The opinion of the majority of scientists regarding the division of forms of special knowledge into procedural and non-procedural ones is highlighted. In addition, besides procedural and non-procedural forms of special knowledge, the statement on the selection of such a form as mixed, which combines the features of the two forms indicated above, is considered. Another division of special knowledge by forms is also analyzed. Each form of special knowledge is explored in more detail.

Statistical studies of scientists regarding the use of forms of special knowledge in practical activities are presented. Scientific views on conducting forensic examinations in criminal proceedings are analyzed. Peculiarities of appointment of examinations are considered. Aspects of the expediency of using advisory and reference information during the investigation of criminal offenses, in particular theft, are highlighted. The positive consequences of the involvement of specialists in conducting investigative (research) actions as a form of special knowledge are clarified.

The main goals of special knowledge used during the investigation of secret theft of someone else's property are determined. Forms of special knowledge, which are used during the inspection of the scene at the beginning of the pre-trial investigation, are revealed. Judicial practice in criminal cases based on the fact of theft regarding the use of forms of special knowledge during pre-trial investigation is selectively considered. The forms of special knowledge used during the investigation of the secret theft of someone else’s property are analyzed.

The need to involve specialists in inspecting the scene during the investigation of thefts is revealed. It is emphasized that it is mandatory to appoint a commodity expert when investigating the secret theft of someone else’s property. The expediency of involving experts and specialists in the investigative (search) actions carried out during the investigation of the above offenses is analyzed. Attention is paid to consultations and references that can carry important information and influence the receipt of substantive evidence.
Evolution of arc magmatic cycles from the Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous in the western paleomargin of Gondwana, north of the Andes
Authors: Rodríguez García Gabriel , Correa Martínez Ana María , Zapata Juan Pablo , Ramírez Diego Armando , Sabrica Carlos Andrés
Published: November 2022

This work presents a considerable volume of new and compiled data indicating that arc magmatism in the western paleomargin of Gondwana began in the Carboniferous and continued during the Permian and Early Triassic. Subsequently, the magmatism reactivated during the Early and Middle Jurassic due to the subduction of the Farallon Plate under the continental paleomargin. The arc pluton belts are distributed from the edge of the paleomargin toward the interior of the continent in the same orientation as the slab (west–east direction).
During the Carboniferous, between ca. 333 Ma and ca. 300 Ma, magmatism formed small calcic metaluminous gabbro and leucotonalite plutons of tholeiitic to calc-alkaline affinity on the western margin of Gondwana. Later, the second belt of arc plutons formed during the Permian/Triassic (between ca. 300 Ma and ca. 234 Ma) and are represented by metaluminous to peraluminous calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline batholiths and stocks of heterogeneous composition (granites, granodiorites, diorites, quartz monzonites, and monzonites), which were intruded by dikes and minor granite bodies during the Middle Triassic.
Between ca. 214 Ma and ca. 186 Ma, peraluminous plutons of batholithic dimensions of monzogranitic to syenogranitic composition developed in the back-arc. Between ca. 197 Ma and ca. 186 Ma, back-arc magmatism occurred, while a new magmatic cycle began along the arc axis. At the end of the Jurassic, the magmatic arc cycle ended in the northwestern paleomargin of Gondwana (ca. 164 Ma). The intrusion ca. 159 Ma of porphyritic bodies of alkaline andesitic basalts toward the edge of the continental margin suggests the strangulation and collapse of the subduction zone in the mantle.
To the west, off the continental margin, a new arc magmatic cycle began over a different continental terrane ca. 171 Ma and extended to ca. 138 Ma, giving rise to a belt of calcic to calcic-alkaline plutons emplaced in the Ordovician metamorphic (Anacona Terrane), Triassic (Tahamí Terrane), and Upper Jurassic (Tierradentro Orogen) rocks. The assemblage amalgamated to the western margin of Gondwana in this period.
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PENDEWASAAN USIA PERKAWINAN PADA REMAJA DI SMAN 2 MUKOMUKO
Authors: Maiseptyasari Ruri , Ningsih Dewi Aprilia , Apriani Waytherlis
Published: November 2022

Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that 16 million births occur to mothers aged 15-19 years or 11% of all births in the world, the majority (95%) occurring in developing countries (Sariani, 2020). The practice of early marriage in the world is most prevalent in Africa and Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, data shows that around 10 million children under the age of 18 are married, while in Africa it is estimated that 42% of the child population, married before they were 18 years old. In general, child marriage is more common in girls than boys, about 5% of boys marry before they are 19 years old. In addition, it was also found that women were three times more likely to marry early than men. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge of adolescents about maturing age at marriage. The target of this community service is 40 teenagers of SMAN 2 Mukomuko. This service begins with the provision of a pre-test questionnaire, then conducts counseling and then administers a post-test questionnaire.
Role of Adjunctive Tranexamic Acid in Facilitating Resolution of Chronic Subdural Hematoma after Surgery
Authors: Yang Kiyoon , Kim Kyung Hwan , Lee Han-Joo , Jeong Eun-Oh , Kwon Hyon-Jo , Kim Seon-Hwan
Published: November 2022

Objective : Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical disease and generally treated with burr-hole surgery alone. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that potentially reduces recurrence rates and the residual hematoma volume. However, the role of postoperative TXA medication remains unclear to date. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of adjunctive TXA in the view of early hematoma resolution.Methods : Between January 2018 and September 2021, patients with CSDH who underwent burr-hole trephination in a single tertiary institute were reviewed. The study population was divided into three groups, TXA, non-TXA, and antithrombotics (AT) groups, according to the medical history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and TXA administration. The primary endpoint was CSDH recurrence, defined as re-appearance or re-accumulation of CSDH requiring neurosurgical interventions. The secondary outcome was CSDH resolution, defined as complete or near-complete resorption of the CSDH. The CSDH resolution time and serial changes of hematoma thickness were also investigated.Results : A total of 240 patients was included in the analysis consisting of 185 male and 55 female, with a median age of 74 years. During the median imaging follow-up period of 75 days, 222 patients were reached to the primary or secondary endpoint. TXA was administered as an adjunctive therapy in 41 patients (TXA group, 16.9%) while 114 patients were included in the non-TXA group (47.9%) and 85 were in the AT group. The recurrence rate was the lowest in the TXA group (2.4%), followed by non-TXA (7.0%) and AT (8.2%) groups. However, there was no statistical significance due to the small number of patients with recurrence. CSDH resolution was achieved in 206 patients, and the median estimated time to resolution was significantly faster in the TXA group (p<0.001). Adjunctive TXA administration was a significant positive factor for achieving CSDH resolution (p<0.001). The hematoma thickness was comparable among the three groups at the initial time and after surgery. However, CSDH thickness in the TXA group decreased abruptly in a month and showed a significant difference from that in the other groups (p<0.001). There was no TXA-related adverse event.Conclusion : The adjunctive use of TXA after CSDH surgery significantly facilitated the resorption of residual CSDH and resulted in the early CSDH resolution. Adjunctive TXA may be an effective treatment option to reduce recurrence by enhancing CSDH resolution in the selective patients.
APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN REKONSTRUKSI ALGORITMA PSEUDOCODE DENGAN PENDEKATAN ELEMENT FILL-IN-BLANK PROBLEMS DI PEMROGRAMAN JAVA
Authors: Vivin Ayu Lestari  , Rakhmat Arianto  , Baskoro Singgih Anindito  , Yuni Kurnia Taramita  , Eka Larasati Amalia  , Odhitya Desta Triswidrananta
Published: November 2022

Algoritma dasar pemrograman merupakan sebuah ilmu yang mempelajari dasar-dasar dalam memecahkansuatu masalah dalam membuat suatu program di komputer dengan urutan yang logis, serta tahapan dan kaidahyang sesuai. Namun, saat ini mahasiswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep algoritma danmelakukan analisis studi kasus. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan suatu media pembelajaran rekonstruksialgoritma pseudocode dengan pendekatan Element Fill-in-Blank Problems di pemrograman java. Pada mediapembelajaran yang dikembangkan ini berisikan studi kasus dan elemen kosong pada langkah-langkah algoritmapseudocode, dimana mahasiswa mengurutkan langkah-langkah penyelesaian dan mengisi dengan melakukan dragand drop ke elemen kosong tersebut. Berdasarkan pengujian fungsional menggunakan blackbox, didapatkan hasildimana semua kasus uji mendapatkan hasil sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan yang berarti bahwa telah validdengan tingkat validitas mencapai 100%. Selain pengujian fungsional system juga dilakukan pengujian usability.Hasil pengujian usability menggunakan SUS (System Usability Scale) diperoleh hasil 81,25 yang artinya sistembisa diterima. Dalam hal skala penilaian, aplikasi ini memiliki nilai “B” dan termasuk kategori “Baik”.Berdasarkan hasil uji usability ini, aplikasi rekonstruksi algoritma pseudocode layak untuk digunakan dandiimplementasikan sebagai aplikasi pembelajaran.
ANALISIS PERENCANAAN TATA LETAK DEPARTEMEN PRODUKSI FREESTYLE SCOOTER DENGAN DEMAND 100 UNIT PER HARI
Authors: Nurchajat  , Haris Puspito Buwono  , Syamsul Hadi
Published: November 2022

Dalam sistem input output, mesin adalah salah satu faktor input yang harus ada selain manusia,material, keuangan, metode, dan lingkungan yang berinteraksi satu sama lain secara kompak dalam rangkamelaksanakan proses transformasi material (bahan baku) menjadi produk sebagaimana direncanakan untukdapat memenuhi kebutuhan stake holder. Kebutuhan stake holder tersebut tidak hanya sebatas masalah kualitasproduk yang dihasilkan tetapi juga masalah seberapa besar kuantitas produk yang diperlukan. Kualitas dankuantitas produk sangat tergantung kepada jenis dan berapa jumlah mesin yang diperlukan terkait dengandemand. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana menata mesin-mesin produksi yang bermacam-macam tersebutdalam suatu departemen produksi sehingga diperoleh suatu urutan penataan mesin dengan beban dan jarakminimal dalam pembuatan freestyle scooter dengan demand 100 unit perhari. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebutadalah melalui tahapan-tahapan secara sistematis logis sehingga diperoleh gambar kerja freestyle scooter,tahapan proses dari setiap operasi pemesinan, output standar, kebutuhan bahan baku, jumlah mesin, dan tataletak departemen produksi berdasarkan analisis momen beban kali jarak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah gambarTata letak pabrik Departemen Produksi Freestyle Scooter Dengan Demand 100 Unit Per Hari.
IDENTIFIKASI PERSON PADA GAME FIRST PERSON SHOOTER (FPS) MENGGUNAKAN YOLO OBJECT DETECTION DAN DIIMPLEMENTASIKAN SEBAGAI AGENT CERDAS AUTOMATIC TARGET HIT
Authors: Rosa Andrie Asmara  , M. Rahmat Samudra  , Dimas Wahyu Wibowo
Published: November 2022

Game First-person shooter (FPS) merupakan genre video game yang berpusat pada senjata, umumnya permainan ini membutuhkan akurasi untuk membidik sasaran dengan cepat. Tetapi pemain terutama pemain baru biasanya tidak memiliki reaksi yang cepat dalam mengetahui lawan(person) disekitarnya. Metode yang biasa digunakan adalah memanipulasi memori menggunakan dynamic-link library untuk membuat asisten bidik untuk mendeteksi lawan. Penelitian ini mendeteksi dan mengklasifikasi citra person dengan menggunakan metode YOLO. Versi YOLO yang digunakan sebanyak tiga versi, yaitu YOLOv3, YOLOv4 dan YOLOv5s, karena tingkat keberhasilan YOLO yang luar biasa. YOLO akurasi klasifikasi sebesar 65%, dan presisi sebesar 98% dengan peforma inference pada YOLO Tiny sebesar 30FPS. YOLO pada penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil yang baik pada klasifikasi, akan tetapi dibutuhkan metode untuk mempercepat inference yang baik juga untuk melakukan deteksi yang lebih cepat. Metode YOLO dapat digunakan untuk melakukan deteksi objek, akan tetapi pada kecepatan deteksi didapatkan hasil yang kurang memuaskan
A combined anterior cruciate ligament/Meniscal injury alters the patellofemoral joint kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees during a single-leg lunge exercise: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Wenhan , Zeng Xiaolong , Li Mengyuan , Chen Haobin , Lai Huahao , Yan Yuan , Zhong Hua , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2022

Anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACLD) is often accompanied by concomitant meniscal tears. The study aimed to assess the kinematic alterations of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) in anterior cruciate ligament deficiency knees with or without meniscal tears during a single-leg lunge. Sixty unilateral anterior cruciate ligament deficiency patients were recruited for the study, including 15 isolated anterior cruciate ligament deficiency patients (group 1), 15 anterior cruciate ligament deficiency patients with medial meniscal tears (group 2), 15 patients with lateral meniscal tears (group 3) and 15 patients with combined medial/lateral meniscal tears (group 4). The patellofemoral joint kinematics were determined by a single fluoroscopic image system. Patellofemoral joint kinematics of contralateral anterior cruciate ligament-intact (ACLI) and anterior cruciate ligament deficiency knees were compared. With or without meniscal tears, anterior cruciate ligament deficiency knees had significantly smaller patellar flexion than the anterior cruciate ligament-intact knees (∼5°–10°; p < 0.05). anterior cruciate ligament deficiency knees had more patellar lateral tilting by approximately 1°–2° than the anterior cruciate ligament-intact knees (p < 0.05) in groups 2, 3, and 4. anterior cruciate ligament deficiency groups with medial meniscal deficiencies showed consistent increased lateral patellar translations (2–4 mm) compared to the anterior cruciate ligament-intact group during a single-leg lunge. The results indicate that meniscal tears alter anterior cruciate ligament deficiency patients’ patellofemoral joint kinematics and the types of the meniscal injuries also affect the patellofemoral joint kinematics. Considering the varying effects of meniscal tears on the patellofemoral joint kinematics, specific treatments for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency patients with meniscal tears should be proposed in some closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise programs, such as single-leg lunge.
Temperature- and pH-responsive injectable chitosan hydrogels loaded with doxorubicin and curcumin as long-lasting release platforms for the treatment of solid tumors
Authors: Li Na , Lin Jianjun , Liu Chunping , Zhang Qian , Li Riwang , Wang Chuang , Zhao Chaochao , Lu Lu , Zhou Changren , Tian Jinhuan , Ding Shan
Published: November 2022

The efficacy of treating solid tumors with chemotherapy is primarily hindered by dose-limiting toxicity due to off-target effects and the heterogeneous drug distribution caused by the dense extracellular matrix. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect within tumors restricts the circulation and diffusion of drugs. To overcome these obstacles, hydrogels formed in situ at the tumor site have been proposed to promote drug accumulation, retention, and long-lasting release. We developed a thiolated chitosan (CSSH) hydrogel with a gelation point of 37°C. Due to the pH-sensitive characteristics of disulfides, the prepared hydrogel facilitated drug release in the acidic tumor environment. A drug release system composed of hydrophilic doxorubicin (Dox) and hydrophobic liposome-encapsulated curcumin (Cur–Lip) was designed to enhance the long-lasting therapeutic impacts and reduce adverse side effects. These composite gels possess a suitable gelation time of approximately 8–12 min under physiological conditions. The cumulative release ratio was higher at pH = 5.5 than at pH = 7.4 over the first 24 h, during which approximately 10% of the Dox was released, and Cur was released slowly over the following 24–120 h. Cell assays indicated that the Cur–Lip/Dox/CSSH gels effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells. These in situ-formed Cur–Lip/Dox gels with long-term drug release capabilities have potential applications for tumor suppression and tissue regeneration after surgical tumor resection.
Recent advancements and future requirements in vascularization of cortical organoids
Authors: LaMontagne Erin , Muotri Alysson R. , Engler Adam J.
Published: November 2022

The fields of tissue engineering and disease modeling have become increasingly cognizant of the need to create complex and mature structures in vitro to adequately mimic the in vivo niche. Specifically for neural applications, human brain cortical organoids (COs) require highly stratified neurons and glial cells to generate synaptic functions, and to date, most efforts achieve only fetal functionality at best. Moreover, COs are usually avascular, inducing the development of necrotic cores, which can limit growth, development, and maturation. Recent efforts have attempted to vascularize cortical and other organoid types. In this review, we will outline the components of a fully vascularized CO as they relate to neocortical development in vivo. These components address challenges in recapitulating neurovascular tissue patterning, biomechanical properties, and functionality with the goal of mirroring the quality of organoid vascularization only achieved with an in vivo host. We will provide a comprehensive summary of the current progress made in each one of these categories, highlighting advances in vascularization technologies and areas still under investigation.
Modifications of cellulose-based biomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Fatema Nour , Ceballos Ruben Michael , Fan Chenguang
Published: November 2022

Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic compounds in nature and is available from diverse sources. Cellulose features tunable properties, making it a promising substrate for biomaterial development. In this review, we highlight advances in the physical processes and chemical modifications of cellulose that enhance its properties for use as a biomaterial. Three cellulosic products are discussed, including nanofibrillated, nanocrystalline, and bacterial cellulose, with a focus on how each may serve as a platform for the development of advanced cellulose-based biomaterials for Biomedical applications. In addition to associating mechanical and chemical properties of cellulosic materials to specific applications, a prospectus is offered for the future development of cellulose-based biomaterials for biomedicine.
Comparative utilization of drone technology vs. traditional methods in open pit stockpile volumetric computation: A case of njuli quarry, Malawi
Authors: Matsimbe Jabulani , Mdolo Wisdom , Kapachika Charles , Musonda Innocent , Dinka Megersa
Published: November 2022

Despite drones being successfully utilized for monitoring and detecting hazards in mines, there is limited research on their application for open-pit stockpile volumetric computation compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, time, cost, and safety have challenged the use of the traditional approach. Present study aims to fill the gaps by conducting a comparative analysis of stockpile volumetric computation utilizing a drone and traditional approach. A mapping framework is proposed to guide mine personnel on how to conduct open-pit stockpile volumetric computations. The methodology comprises using a drone and traditional survey approach to measure the volume of a known quarry stockpile. Drone-captured images are processed in Pix4D mapper software and geometric techniques are applied to the traditional survey approach. Findings show that the smaller the error of the checkpoints the more accurate the generated model making the measurements reliable. The generated Pix4D quality report showed a root mean square error of 0.019. The drone percentage error to the actual volume is 2.6% while the traditional approach is 1.3%. Both estimations are less than the maximum allowable percentage error of ± 3%. Therefore, compared to the traditional approach drone technology provides an accurate, cost-effective, fast, and safe working distance suitable for stockpile volumetric computations in open pit quarries.
Cross-story installation of viscous dampers in timber frame houses for earthquake damage reduction
Authors: Nakamura Yutaka , Matsumura Ryota
Published: November 2022

Timber frame structures are commonly used in housing construction that use squared-off timber beams, columns, and walls as lateral load-bearing members. A small-size viscous damper can be applied to timber frame houses to reduce damage caused by major earthquakes. Dampers are normally installed inter-story (between adjacent floors) to absorb vibration energy and reduce seismic response. Another method is the cross-story installation wherein a damper is installed between the rooftop and base of the structure across intermediate floors. This study investigated the effectiveness of cross-story installation of a viscous damper by conducting eigenvalue analyses of 2DOF models and earthquake response analyses of a two-story timber frame house subjected to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake and other major earthquakes. We compared the damping factors and response reduction effects of the cross-story installation with those of conventional inter-story installations. The results showed that the cross-story installation of dampers was more effective than the inter-story installation in terms of reducing story drift. Furthermore, the cross-story installation reduced the number of dampers required for preventing severe damage by half. Finally, the cross-story installation allowed the viscous damper in the first story to absorb vibration energy nearly twice as much as that of the inter-story installation. Therefore, while the cross-story damper is typically installed on an outer frame fixed to the house, our results conclude that it can be applied to an existing house as a seismic retrofitting measure.
Phosphorylation and regulation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2/3) in neurons
Authors: Mao Li-Min , Mathur Nirav , Mahmood Tayyibah , Rajan Sri , Chu Xiang-Ping , Wang John Q.
Published: November 2022

Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (mGlu2/3) are Gαi/o-coupled receptors and are primarily located on presynaptic axonal terminals in the central nervous system. Like ionotropic glutamate receptors, group II mGlu receptors are subject to regulation by posttranslational phosphorylation. Pharmacological evidence suggests that several serine/threonine protein kinases possess the ability to regulate mGlu2/3 receptors. Detailed mapping of phosphorylation residues has revealed that protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates mGlu2/3 receptors at a specific serine site on their intracellular C-terminal tails in heterologous cells or neurons, which underlies physiological modulation of mGlu2/3 signaling. Casein kinases promote mGlu2 phosphorylation at a specific site. Tyrosine protein kinases also target group II receptors to induce robust phosphorylation. A protein phosphatase was found to specifically bind to mGlu3 receptors and dephosphorylate the receptor at a PKA-sensitive site. This review summarizes recent progress in research on group II receptor phosphorylation and the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of group II receptor functions. We further explore the potential linkage of mGlu2/3 phosphorylation to various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and discuss future research aimed at analyzing novel biochemical and physiological properties of mGlu2/3 phosphorylation.
The activity of disease-causative STING variants can be suppressed by wild-type STING through heterocomplex formation
Authors: Shindo Ruri , Kuchitsu Yoshihiko , Mukai Kojiro , Taguchi Tomohiko
Published: November 2022

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is essential for the type I interferon response induced by microbial DNA from viruses or self-DNA from mitochondria/nuclei. Recently, gain-of-function mutations in STING have been identified in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). The SAVI patients exhibit complex systemic vascular inflammation and interstitial lung disease, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. SAVI mouse models have recently developed, harbouring common SAVI mutations, such as N153S and V154M, which correspond to the human N154S and V155M, respectively. Interestingly, crosses of heterozygous SAVI mice did not yield homozygous SAVI mice as of embryonic day 14, indicating that homozygous SAVI embryos were not viable and that wild-type (WT) allele would function dominantly over SAVI alleles in terms of viability. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the dominance has not been understood. In the present study, we show that STING (WT) and STING (SAVI) can form heterocomplex. The heterocomplex localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and failed to reach the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where STING activates the downstream kinase TBK1. SURF4 is the essential protein functioning in the retrieval of STING from the Golgi to the ER. The amount of SURF4 bound to STING (SAVI) significantly increased in the presence of STING (WT). These results suggest that STING (WT) can suppress the activity of STING (SAVI) by tethering STING (SAVI) to the ER through heterocomplex formation. The dormant heterocomplex formation may underlie, at least in part, the dominance of STING WT allele over SAVI alleles in the STING-triggered inflammatory response.
N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation: From regulatory mechanisms to potential clinical applications
Authors: Li Peipei , Wang Yuntao , Sun Yiwen , Jiang Sanjie , Li Jingjing
Published: November 2022

Epitranscriptomics has emerged as another level of epigenetic regulation similar to DNA and histone modifications. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent and abundant posttranscriptional modifications, widely distributed in many biological species. The level of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation is dynamically and reversibly regulated by distinct effectors including methyltransferases, demethylases, histone modification and metabolites. In addition, N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation is involved in multiple RNA metabolism pathways, such as splicing, localization, translation efficiency, stability and degradation, ultimately affecting various pathological processes, especially the oncogenic and tumor-suppressing activities. Recent studies also reveal that N6-methyladenosine modification exerts the function in immune cells and tumor immunity. In this review, we mainly focus on the regulatory mechanisms of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation, the techniques for detecting N6-methyladenosine methylation, the role of N6-methyladenosine modification in cancer and other diseases, and the potential clinical applications.
Comparative genomics analysis of the multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila MX16A providing insights into antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Zeng Chenxi , Ma Chenjie , Cai Hongjiao , Jiang Xinglong , Zhai Shaowei , Xu Xiaojin , Lin Mao
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the whole genome of the multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila MX16A was comprehensively analyzed and compared after sequencing by PacBio RS II. To shed light on the drug resistance mechanism of A. hydrophila MX16A, a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to assess the phenotypic drug susceptibility. Importantly, resistance against β-lactam, sulfonamides, rifamycins, macrolides, tetracyclines and chloramphenicols was largely consistent with the prediction analysis results of drug resistance genes in the CARD database. The varied types of resistance genes identified from A. hydrophila MX16A revealed multiple resistance mechanisms, including enzyme inactivation, gene mutation and active effusion. The publicly available complete genomes of 35 Aeromonas hydrophila strains on NCBI, including MX16A, were downloaded for genomic comparison and analysis. The analysis of 33 genomes with ANI greater than 95% showed that the pan-genome consisted of 9556 genes, and the core genes converged to 3485 genes. In summary, the obtained results showed that A. hydrophila exhibited a great genomic diversity as well as diverse metabolic function and it is believed that frequent exchanges between strains lead to the horizontal transfer of drug resistance genes.
Lightweight and anchor-free frame detection strategy based on improved CenterNet for multiscale ships in SAR images
Authors: Xie Hongtu , Jiang Xinqiao , Zhang Jian , Chen Jiaxing , Wang Guoqian , Xie Kai
Published: November 2022

Ship detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has important applications in military and civilian fields, but the different sizes of the ship downgrade the detection accuracy of multiscale ships. Aiming at the problem of the poor accuracy and low efficiency of multiscale ship detection in complex scenes, this paper proposes a lightweight and anchor-free frame detection strategy for multiscale ships in SAR images. First, to deal with the problems of limited training samples, different sizes, attitudes, and angles of the ships in SAR images, a data augmentation strategy suitable for SAR images is adopted to expand the training space, followed by multiscale training to enhance the model generalization ability for multiscale ship detection. Second, a lightweight and anchor-free ship detection model based on the improved CenterNet is proposed, which abandons the dense anchor frame generation and extracts the key point of the ships for detection and positioning. Compared with the anchor frame-based detection method, this proposed detection model does not need to use the post-processing method to remove redundant anchor frames, and can accurately locate the center point of the ships with a better detection performance. Third, to reduce the model size and simplify the model parameters, a more lightweight network design is adopted in combination with the characteristics of SAR images. Hence, a residual network (ResNet) with fewer convolutional layers is constructed as the backbone network, and the cross-stage partial network (CSPNet) and spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) network are designed as the bottleneck network. The shallow ResNet can fully extract the SAR image features and reduce the training overfitting, and CSPNet and SPP can effectively combine the low-level image features to obtain the high-level features, reducing the model computation while at the same time enhancing the feature extraction ability. Finally, the evaluation index of the common objects in the context dataset is introduced, which can provide higher-quality evaluation results for ship detection accuracy and provide comprehensive evaluation indicators for multiscale ship detection. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy has the advantages of high detection efficiency, strong detection ability, and good generalization performance, which can achieve real-time and high-precision detection of the multiscale ship in complex SAR images.
Case report: Right atrium-inferior vena cava bypass in a patient with unusual cardiac cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Liu Lulu , Wu Binggang , Li Mei , Guo Yingqiang
Published: November 2022

Cardiovascular hydatid disease is caused by parasitic infection of Echinococcus granulosus, which could be asymptomatic or life-threatening depending on lesion site, granuloma size, and disease progression. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac echinococcosis should be under comprehensive consideration. In this case, we reported a successful right atrium-inferior vena cava bypass surgery in a 31-year-old female with unresectable right atrial echinococcosis and inferior vena cava obstruction.
Preoperative left atrial volume index may be associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation in non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Oh Ah Ran , Lee Sung Ho , Park Jungchan , Lee Jong-Hwan , Cha Dahye , Yang Kwangmo , Choi Jin-Ho , Ahn Joonghyun , Sung Ji Dong , Choi Bogeum , Lee Seung-Hwa
Published: November 2022

Background

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is related to mortality after non-cardiac surgery. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) is known to be associated with prognosis and development of atrial fibrillation, but it has not been fully investigated in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Materials and methods

A total of 203,787 consecutive adult patients underwent non-cardiac surgery at our institution between January 2011 and June 2019. After identifying those with available LAVI estimated during preoperative echocardiography, we divided them into those with LAVI higher and lower than 34 mL/m2. The primary outcome was incidence of POAF.

Results

A total of 83,097 patients were enrolled in this study. The study patients were divided into the low (57,838 [69.6%]) and high (25,259 [30.4%]) LAVI groups. After an adjustment, higher LAVI was associated with increased incidence of POAF (5.1% vs. 8.1%; odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–1.41; p < 0.001). In 24,549 pairs of propensity-score-matched population, the result was similar (6.2% vs. 7.9%; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.21–1.39; p < 0.001). The estimated threshold of LAVI associated with POAF was 36.4 mL/m2 with an area under the curve of 0.571. Subgroup analysis in non-thoracic and thoracic surgery showed that the association between preoperative LAVI and POAF significantly interacted with diastolic dysfunction (p for interaction < 0.001), and the observed association was valid in patients without diastolic dysfunction.

Conclusion

Preoperative LAVI was shown to be associated with POAF in non-cardiac surgery. Our result needs verification in further studies.
Drug-coated balloon in the treatment of coronary left main true bifurcation lesion: A patient-level propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Pan Liang , Lu Wenjie , Han Zhanying , Pan Sancong , Wang Xi , Shan Yingguang , Peng Meng , Qin Xiaofei , Sun Guoju , Zhang Peisheng , Dong Jianzeng , Qiu Chunguang
Published: November 2022

Aims

An increasing body of evidence suggests that drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty represents a valuable option for revascularization in selected patients with coronary bifurcation disease. However, there remains a paucity of real-world observational evidence on the efficacy of DCB in left main (LM) true bifurcation lesion. We compared clinical and angiographic outcomes of hybrid [DCB + drug-eluting stent (DES)] versus DES-only strategy (provisional stenting or two-stent strategies) in de novo LM true bifurcated lesions.

Methods

The primary endpoint was the 2-year composite rate of target lesion failure (TLF): cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR). A routine 1-year angiographic follow-up was scheduled. Propensity-score matching was utilized to assemble a cohort of patients with similar baseline characteristics.

Results

Among 1077 eligible patients, 199 who received DCB treatment and 398 who were assigned to DES therapy had similar propensity scores and were included in the analysis. TLF within 2 years occurred in 13 patients (7.56%) assigned to DCB group, and 52 patients (14.36%) assigned to DES group (odds ratio: 0.487; 95% confidence interval: 0.258–0.922; P = 0.025; Log-rank P = 0.024). Compared with the DES group, the DCB group resulted in a lower rate of CD-TLR (2.91% vs. 9.42%; P = 0.007). Cardiac death, TVMI, all-cause mortality, and stent thrombosis were comparable between both groups. Patients treated with DES-only were associated with a higher late lumen loss (0.42 ± 0.62 mm vs. 0.13 ± 0.42 mm, P < 0.001) compared with the DCB group at 1 year. In sensitivity analysis, the DCB group also presented a lower incidence of TLF, CD-TLR and stent thrombosis both compared to the two-stent strategy and compared to provisional stenting (Ps < 0.05).

Conclusion

The 2-year results of PCI utilizing DCB for LM true bifurcation lesions are superior to employing DES alone in terms of safety and effectiveness.
Prediction, prevention, and management of right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Rodenas-Alesina Eduard , Brahmbhatt Darshan H. , Rao Vivek , Salvatori Marcus , Billia Filio
Published: November 2022

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly common across the heart failure population. Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a feared complication that can occur in the early post-operative phase or during the outpatient follow-up. Multiple tools are available to the clinician to carefully estimate the individual risk of developing RVF after LVAD implantation. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of available tools for RVF prognostication, including patient-specific and right ventricle (RV)-specific echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters, to provide guidance in patient selection during LVAD candidacy. We also offer a multidisciplinary approach to the management of early RVF, including indications and management of right ventricular assist devices in this setting to provide tools that help managing the failing RV.
Diabetic retinopathy predicts cardiovascular disease independently of subclinical atherosclerosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Castelblanco Esmeralda , Granado-Casas Minerva , Hernández Marta , Pinyol Montserrat , Correig Eudald , Julve Josep , Rojo-López Marina Idalia , Alonso Núria , Avogaro Angelo , Ortega Emilio , Mauricio Didac
Published: November 2022

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and preclinical atherosclerosis are associated with higher cardiovascular risk. However, no studies have investigated the predictive role of DR and preclinical atherosclerosis jointly on cardiovascular events in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to assess the contribution of DR and subclinical atherosclerosis on the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in subjects with T2D without previous cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

We included two prospective cohorts of subjects with T2D from the same geographical area. Assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis was performed by carotid ultrasound. An ophthalmologist classified DR according to standard criteria. Cardiovascular outcomes considered for analysis were the following: ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, revascularization procedures, and cardiovascular mortality. Bivariable and multivariable predictive models were performed.

Results

From a total of 374 subjects with T2D 44 developed cardiovascular events during the 7.1 years of follow-up. Diabetes duration, total cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at baseline were higher in subjects who developed cardiovascular outcomes (p < 0.001, p = 0.026, and p = 0.040, respectively). Compared with subjects without events, those developing cardiovascular events had higher prevalence of retinopathy (65.9% vs. 38.8%, p = 0.001; respectively) and more than mild retinopathy (43.2% vs. 31.8%, p = 0.002; respectively). Furthermore, all-cause mortality was higher in subjects with MACE than those without events (13.6% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.009; respectively). The multivariable analyses showed that HbA1c and the presence of DR at baseline were predictive of cardiovascular outcomes (p = 0.045 and p = 0.023, respectively). However, the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis was not (p = 0.783 and p = 0.071, respectively).

Conclusion

DR is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in T2D individuals at primary CVD prevention, even after accounting for the presence of preclinical carotid atherosclerosis. These results may help to individualize CVD prevention strategies in T2D.
Cardio oncology: Digital innovations, precision medicine and health equity
Authors: Sadler Diego , Okwuosa Tochukwu , Teske A. J. , Guha Avirup , Collier Patrick , Moudgil Rohit , Sarkar Abdullah , Brown Sherry-Ann
Published: November 2022

The rapid emergence of cardio-oncology has resulted in a rapid growth of cardio-oncology programs, dedicated professional societies sections and committees, and multiple collaborative networks that emerged to amplify the access to care in this new subspecialty. However, most existing data, position statements and guidelines are limited by the lack of availability of large clinical trials to support these recommendations. Furthermore, there are significant challenges regarding proper access to cardio-oncology care and treatment, particularly in marginalized and minority populations. The emergence and evolution of personalized medicine, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning in medicine and in cardio-oncology provides an opportunity for a more targeted, personalized approach to cardiovascular complications of cancer treatment. The proper implementation of these new modalities may facilitate a more equitable approach to adequate and universal access to cardio-oncology care, improve health related outcomes, and enable health care systems to eliminate the digital divide. This article reviews and analyzes the current status on these important issues.
Oxidized phospholipids are biomarkers, drug targets, and drug leads
Authors: Oskolkova Olga V. , Birukova Anna A. , Birukov Konstantin G. , Bochkov Valery N.
Published: November 2022

Enzymatic oxidation or autooxidation of esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) residues within phospholipids in cell membranes or circulating lipoprotein particles leads to the formation of a broad range of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) species. Chronically elevated OxPL levels present in circulation and atherosclerotic plaques are thought to induce proinflammatory and injurious effects on blood- and vessel wall cells. However, analysis of the structure-activity relationship also identified specific OxPL products exhibiting prominent anti-inflammatory, pro-survival and barrier protective properties. This minireview will briefly summarize rapidly accumulating evidence pointing to the importance of OxPLs in pathology, where they can play multiple roles of biomarkers, drug targets and drug leads.
New findings on compositionally distinct maar volcanoes: A case study from Acıgöl (Nevşehir) caldera (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: Uslular Göksu , Gençalioğlu Kuşcu Gonca , Bégué Florence , Ruch Joël , Lupi Matteo , Higgins Oliver , Caricchi Luca
Published: November 2022

Recent experiments have largely reshaped our knowledge of maar volcanism. A new evolutionary model promoting the role of explosion depth and vent migration during the formation of maars has provided an alternative approach to previous models. Despite a few attempts to test this model with real cases, there is still a need for field-based studies exploring the depositional characteristics of maars to better understand the factors affecting the model constraints. More investigations on less known felsic maars are required to elucidate the possible differences from their more common mafic counterparts. Here, we explore compositionally distinct monogenetic clusters within the Acıgöl caldera (NW of Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, CAVP), with four felsic maars (İnallı, Kalecitepe, Acıgöl, and Korudağ) and one mafic maar (İcik). Our field observations reveal a successive formation between rhyolitic maars and adjacent lava domes. The mugearitic İcik coalescent maar and the adjacent scoria cone are synchronously formed, which is disclosed by the intercalation of the maar and scoria cone deposits. The geochemistry of the maar juveniles suggests a parental basaltic magma source that has been possibly differentiated by varying degrees of fractional crystallization. Our findings identify the main factors in maar formation (i.e., optimum scaled depth-OSD, water-magma interaction, and basement lithology). We also determine some differences between the felsic and mafic maars in the region, such as higher juvenile content, less amount of sedimentary structure, and a clear transition from phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosions through the end of stratigraphy. All these reflect the complexity of maars, mainly formed by different depths of explosions that occurred in the shallowest few hundred meters rather than a systematic incremental decrease of the eruption locus. Further geophysical and geochronological studies will complete our proposed evolutionary model for the youngest monogenetic activity in the Acıgöl caldera that would also warrant volcanic hazard assessment due to the presence of low-velocity anomalies, shallow Curie depths, and prevalent geothermal activity.
NW-dipping versus SE-dipping causative faults of the 1783 M7.1 Southern Calabria (Italy) earthquake: The contribution from the analysis of the coseismic hydrological changes
Authors: Cucci Luigi
Published: November 2022

The 1783 Mw7.1 Southern Calabria (Italy) earthquake originated a remarkable number of observations of hydrological changes (variations of flow in springs and streams, liquefaction, changes in water temperature) that occurred in different localities. To provide further constraints on the mechanism and the geometry of the causative fault of the event, I compared the distribution of the hydrological changes with the coseismic strain produced by eight seismogenic sources proposed for the earthquake. The most important outcomes of the study can be summarized as follows: a) the group of potential sources that display the best agreement between expected deformation and hydrological signature consists of NW-dipping systems of three to four surface-rupturing almost pure normal fault segments (Cittanova fault system), capable of generating earthquakes of magnitude Mw6.9–7.1; b) the distribution of the observed coseismic hydrological anomalies does not support the role of the SE-dipping faults as potential sources of the 1783 earthquake; c) the pattern of deformation associated with the best fit source strengthens the hypothesis that the 20 km-long surface ruptures testified soon after the 1783 event reflect primary faulting; d) a minimum magnitude Mw6.9–7.0 is required to obtain the pattern and the extent of distribution of the coseismic hydrological changes observed in the field; e) the location of the hydrological variations that were observed only along the western side of southern Calabria suggests that the Cittanova fault system acts as a hydrological barrier that hampers the groundwater circulation toward the East.