bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO TÉRMICO E REOLÓGICO DO ABS APÓS EXTRUSÃO
Authors: Bandeira Cirlene Fourquet , Quelho Paulo Estevão Quimas , Alvarenga Rafael de Aquino , Meireles Pâmela Nunes , Palmeira Alexandre Alvarenga , Montoro Sergio Roberto
Published: August 2020

Atualmente, vários materiais são extrudados, entre eles o ABS (Acrilonitrila Butadieno Estireno), que é um termoplástico com grande aplicabilidade em vários setores da indústria, principalmente automotiva.  Entretanto, as etapas de aquecimentos do processo, bem como o tempo de exposição podem causar degradação do polímero. Estes defeitos podem gerar uma série de inconvenientes, que vão desde a perda da peça, até o risco de acidentes devido aos pontos de propagação de falhas. Em decorrência disto, são necessárias análises que comprovem a variação das características do material em função da temperatura, especialmente se o equipamento utilizado para o processo de extrusão for experimental. As análises que apresentam baixo custo e rapidez e que determinam a temperatura de degradação ou a diminuição do tamanho da molécula por quebra da mesma são feitas via TGA (Análise Termogravimétrica) ou pelo índice de fluidez. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho desenvolveu um estudo do comportamento de 3 diferentes tipos de ABS (acrilonitrila-butadieno-estireno) denominados AE800, de AG1000 MG94, extrudados a uma rotação de 60RPM, para avaliar o comportamento termo cinético por meio de ensaios de TGA e índice de fluidez. Os resultados demonstram que em alguns casos, o índice de fluidez se mostra mais eficaz que a termogravimetria para determinar esse parâmetro e que apesar das pequenas variações nas propriedades do ABS, é possível sua utilização.
APLICAÇÃO DE PLANEJAMENTO FATORIAL NA AVALIAÇÃO DA SOLDAGEM A GÁS INERTE DE TUNGSTÊNIO (TIG) EM AÇO MÉDIO CARBONO
Authors: Contesini Adyl Hermes Oliveira , Da Silva Nathalia Cerqueira , De Carvalho Elisa Pereira , Perez Rodolfo Salazar , Santana Ana Isabel de Carvalho , Tapanes Neyda de la Caridad Om
Published: August 2020

A soldagem a gás inerte de tungstênio (TIG) é um processo de soldagem a arco elétrico entre um eletrodo não consumível de tungstênio e a peça de fusão com proteção gasosa. Atualmente, este processo é amplamente utilizado em metais e ligas de espessura 0,2 mm e 8 mm. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a soldagem autógena realizada pelo processo automático TIG em cintas metálicas de aço médio carbono utilizadas para embalar barras e feixes de mais de 1 tonelada. Foi utilizado o planejamento fatorial de experimentos para determinar os fatores que influenciam nos ensaios de tração e na microdureza e que qualificam o desempenho das peças soldadas. O modelo de regressão obtido para a carga de ruptura demostrou que o tempo de soldagem é a variável de maior significância estatística, seguida pela corrente. No modelo da microdureza é possível constatar que a variável de maior significância estatística é a variável de blocagem Região soldada (R) seguida do Tempo de solda (Ts) e a Corrente (I).
APLICAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE FITORREMEDIAÇÃO UTILIZANDO VETIVER (VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES (L.) NASH.) NA DESCONTAMINAÇÃO DE SOLOS TROPICAIS CONTAMINADOS POR CHORUME
Authors: Santos Erica Aparecida dos , Mariano Thais Luanne , Barja Paulo Roxo , Aquino-Silva Maria Regina
Published: August 2020

Um dos contaminantes comuns, geralmente encontrado em áreas de aterro sanitário ou antigos lixões, é o chorume: resíduo líquido de cor escura e forte odor, composto pela degradação de matéria orgânica. Em alguns casos são encontrados metais pesados em sua composição e outros tipos de substâncias que causam contaminação direta do solo e corpos d’água próximos ou subterrâneos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência da gramínea Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.) no processo de fitorremediação em solos tropicais contaminados com chorume proveniente da degradação de resíduos sólidos. Foram realizados testes laboratoriais com o intuito de detectar a eficiência da Vetiver em tratar este solo contaminado e o quanto ela é capaz de absorver as substâncias contaminantes. Foram analisados os parâmetros de Zinco em amostras das raízes, folhagens, solo utilizado para o plantio das mudas de Vetiver e do líquido resultante do processo de lixiviação. Utilizou-se amostras contaminadas e sem contaminação para que obtivesse um comparativo entre os resultados, as quais foram também analisadas estatisticamente. A espécie em estudo, o capim Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.), ao longo de 45 dias, mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento de solo contaminado, em especial na remoção do metal pesado Zinco. Todavia, considerando que o efluente em questão é um material complexo, de composição altamente diversificada, novas avaliações utilizando o capim Vetiver devem ser estabelecidas a fim de elucidar melhor a utilização deste elemento no tratamento de chorume.
APLICAÇÃO DE ESPECTROSCOPIA NO INFRAVERMELHO: COMO FERRAMENTA PARA ANÁLISE QUANTITATIVA DE ORÉGANO
Authors: Fontes Vitória , Cubas Pereira Douglas , Pupin Breno , Sakane Kumiko Koibuchi
Published: August 2020

Desde a antiguidade as ervas aromáticas são utilizadas, não somente para melhorar o sabor e odor em alimentos, mas também para estender o tempo de prateleira com suas propriedades antissépticas. O aumento da utilização das ervas aromáticas na culinária tem sido aprimorado praticamente no mundo todo e principalmente na gastronomia. Entre as ervas mais consumidas no Brasil, o orégano (Origanum vulgare) tem origem mediterrânea e trata-se de uma erva muito aromática, com notas de cânfora, sabor ardido e picante. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar quantitativamente e qualitativamente a composição biomolecular das amostras de orégano utilizando técnicas espectroscópicas no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). Com os resultados, foi possível notar diferenciação na quantidade de lignina, água e lipídio, e a análise multivariada permitiu identificar a similaridade das amostras analisadas. O uso de espectroscopia no infravermelho tem se mostrado uma ótima ferramenta na análise de alimentos, podendo ser aplicada em conjunto com outras técnicas na indústria de alimentos.
ESTUDO DA INFLUÊNCIA NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS ENTRE CHAPAS DISSIMILARES SOLDADAS COM GAP NO PROCESSO MIG/MAG APLICADA EM CARROCERIAS NA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOTIVA
Authors: Salamão Rodrigo Otávio Venturini , Gonçalves Erika Peterson
Published: August 2020

A indústria automobilística atualmente aceita, segundo a DIN EN ISO 5817, 2014, que o espaçamento entre juntas soldadas pelo processo MIG/MAG seja de 0,2 mm + 0,07x a espessura do metal de base de menor espessura. Porém, durante a realização do processo, industrialmente, parte da produção deve passar por processos de retrabalho que impactam negativamente tanto no que relaciona aos custos quanto no tempo de produção dos automóveis. O presente trabalho estuda o impacto do espaçamento entre as chapas dissimilares largamente empregadas nas estruturas das carrocerias de automóveis. Estudou-se os aços 22MnB5 (DIN EN 10083-3) produzidos por Hot Stamping e o HX 340 LAD (DIN EN 10346), produzidas por laminação a frio. Corpos de provas submetidos à soldagem MIG/MAG com corrente constante de 128,0 A, velocidade de soldagem constante de 7,6 m.min-1 e tensão de soldagem constante de 19,1 V em robô para execução da soldagem marca KUKA VKRC4 com seis eixos com uma garantia de repetitividade de 0,06mm. As amostras foram estudadas com espaçamento de 0,12 mm; 0,36 mm; 0,48 mm; 0,60 mm; 0,78 mm além daqueles corpos de prova de controle onde o espaçamento foi nulo. Por meio de ensaios mecânicos em dobramento a 90°, líquido penetrante e macrografia comprovaram que independente dos espaçamentos impostos às juntas soldadas, a integridade das juntas soldadas são mantidas. Os ensaios por líquidos penetrantes realizados após os ensaios de dobramento apresentaram juntas integras sem a presença de trincas e fissuras na região de solda.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTO ECOLÓGICO NA ÁREA DE METALURGIA EXTRATIVA COMO COMPONENTE DA CARGA DE ALTO-FORNO
Authors: Machado Cyntia Esposti Veloso , Baptista André Luís de Brito , Landim Julia Cardoso , Coutinho Ingrid Ferreira , Magnago Roberto de Oliveira
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho destaca a aquisição de pelotas autofundantes na forma de briquetes consolidados a frio, utilizando para isto uma mistura fina de minério de ferro e manganês, CaO, CaCO3, dolomita, carvão e coque, aglomerados com escória de processo da refinação de aço de Tipo MRPL (Processo de Refino de Metal por Lance) como matéria-prima. Os resultados indicam que é possível produzir um aglomerado, com todos os resíduos gerados nas siderúrgicas integradas, pressionando e sujeitos a cura natural sem umidificação; A escória pode ser usada como um aglutinante, levando o briquete para apresentar uma resistência à compressão acima de 160 MPa, de acordo com os métodos ASTM C496 e ABNT 7222. Essa resistência é comparável ao valor do pellet e coque queimados. Essa qualidade permite ser carregada em um alto-forno grande e em outros equipamentos similares. Conclui-se que a briquetagem utilizando como ligante a escória de aço, permite atingir uma mistura de finos descartados.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms causing surgical site infection
Authors: Lakshmi Saranya K. , Gowda Hema Narasimhe , K. Anuradha
Published: August 2020

Background: Approximately 30-50% of antibiotic use in hospitals is now for pre-surgical prophylaxis. Selection of antibiotics for prophylaxis should be based on its activity against expected bacteria at the desired surgical site. Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Abuse of antimicrobials increases the cost of treatment and supports the emergence of resistant bacteria. This study was undertaken with the primary objective of to test the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms causing SSIs.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in general surgical wards of KR hospital, Mysore for a period of 18 months (2015-2016). The relevant data was collected from the case sheets of patients who were diagnosed with SSI. Pus samples were collected, and culture-sensitivity was done. Collected data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: A total of 263 study subjects including both males and females were enrolled in the study. Out of 263 pus samples 92% were culture positive. The most common organisms causing SSI were E. Coli-ESBL (n=73) and MRSA (n=44). Gram-negative organisms were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and Gram-positive organisms were resistant to cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions: Good hygienic measures should be followed by the patients and health-workers. A revision of hospital antibiotic policy according to the local antibiotic susceptibility pattern is recommended.
Complementary and alternative medicines usage in elderly patients in tertiary care teaching hospital of North India
Authors: Mehra Akanksha , Khajuria Vijay
Published: August 2020

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is defined as a group of diverse medical health care systems, practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. Its use is highly prevalent in elderly population because of presence of chronic diseases. So, present study was planned to assess CAM usage in elderly patients.Methods: This observational, questionnaire-based study was conducted at department of pharmacology, in association with department of medicine and included all adult patients of more than 60 years of age who have taken any CAM therapy. Demographic data, name of CAM preparation, its characteristics and behavioral pattern for its usage were recorded.Results: Out of 200 patients of more than 60 years attending medicine outpatient department, 115 were found to be CAM users. CAM usage was more in females (59.1%); age group of 60-69 years (49.57%); rural residents (66.08%); low socioeconomic status (81.73%). Most common CAM preparations used were dietary supplements (61.7%) and vitamins and minerals (56.52%) for indications such as chronic pain and endocrine disorders because it was thought to be safe. 76.52 % of CAM users did not discuss CAM with their health care provider.Conclusions: CAM use is highly prevalent in elderly patients and more so in females of low socioeconomic status. Most common CAM therapy used was dietary supplements. Continuous educational efforts are needed to enhance the awareness of patients and healthcare providers regarding the CAM therapy.
Therapeutic drug targets for COVID-19
Authors: Priyadharsini R. P. , M. DivyaShanthi C.
Published: August 2020

Covid 19, caused by Corona virus started in Wuhan, China on December 2019 and the disease has spread rapidly among 210 countries. Corona virus disease, a RNA virus infection affected millions of people and caused death in many patients. The symptoms include fever, sneezing, coughing and other respiratory symptoms. The disease can highly affect the elderly, immunocompromised and the fatality rate is increased among these people. There is no definitive treatment till now and patients are treated symptomatically. The steps involved in the pathogenesis including attachment of the virus to the host cell, replication, protease action, assembly of nucleocapsid, release by exocytosis and they are the potential targets for the drugs. There are various trials ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies. This review gives a summary of the most important drugs and drug targets used in the management of Covid 19.
Lopinavir/ritonavir: is early administration better in Covid-19?
Authors: Bhandari Sudhir , Sharma Shrikant , Gupta Vishal , Bhargava Abhishek , Rankawat Govind , Roy Durgesh
Published: August 2020

Background: To share the data of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) patients started on lopinavir-ritonavir (lopi/r) in relation to time period from the onset of symptoms.Method: Observational descriptive study of 23 Covid-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care center in India from March 2020 to May 2020. Patients categorized into 2 groups based on the timing of initiation of lopi/r from the onset of symptoms. Group 1 were given the drug early (≤7 days) and group 2 late (>7 days). The clinical events (oxygen requirement days and ICU stay) and outcomes of hospital stay between the two groups were evaluated.Results: Patients were started on lopi/r for a period of 14 days on admission, out of which 12 patients were in group 1 and 11 patients in group 2. Underlying co-morbidities were present in 15 patients (65.21%). The mean duration from onset of symptoms to lopi/r initiation was 4 days and 11.1 days in Group 1 and 2 respectively. Requirement for oxygen support (2.16 versus 6.54 days), mean duration of hospitalization (8.58 versus 11.54 days) and mean duration of obtaining first Covid-19 negative report from the onset of symptoms (10.5 versus 19.57 days) were all significantly lesser in group 1 (p<0.05). All patients belonging to Group 1 and eight patients of group 2 recovered completely and were discharged whereas 3 patients of group 2 expired. Diarrhea was the most commonly observed adverse effect of lopi/r in our patients.Conclusion: With no approved weapon to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic, we should keep lopi/r in our armamentarium of drugs and use it at the earliest. More clinical trials are needed in future to ascertain if lopi/r can reduce hospital stay, prompt faster recovery and result in better clinical outcome.
Histopathological study of prostatic lesions in correlation with serum prostate specific antigen levels in elderly men
Authors: Deshpande Nikhil S. , Dahe Swati V. , Munemane Anil B. , Dhokikar Gajanan D. , Karle Ravindra R.
Published: August 2020

Background: Prostatic lesions are common among elderly men with urinary complaints. Variety of prostatic lesions range from inflammatory, benign to malignant pathologies. The Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is secreted by glandular epithelium of prostate shows raised serum levels in these pathologies. Usually significant rise is commonly associated with Prostatic adenocarcinomas (PCa) with exceptions.Methods: In this retrospective study, total 63 diagnosed cases of prostatic lesions over a one-year period for which serum PSA levels were available, were selected. Cases without serum PSA levels & inadequate biopsies were excluded. Histological diagnosis of prostatic lesions reconfirmed and its correlation with serum PSA was done.Results: Study included patients with mean age 67.84 years (range: 48-60) at the time of diagnosis. Benign lesions were commonest prostatic lesions accounting for total 54 cases (85.71%) out of which 38 were of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 14 cases of BPH with prostatitis while single case each for BPH with granulomatous prostatitis and basal cell hyperplasia. Mean PSA value for benign lesions was 6.57 ng/ml. Total 8 were malignant which included 7 (11.11%) PCa while single (1.59%) case of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. Mean PSA for PCa were 35.05 ng/ml. Single case (1.59%) of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia also detected.Conclusion: Common age group at the time of presentation of prostatic pathologies is 60-70 years. The most common prostatic lesions are benign predominantly BPH. PCa are commonest malignancies. Elevated PSA levels >20 ng/ml are commonly observed in PCa. However lower or normal values don’t rule out PCa.
Acute onset monoparesis in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemia
Authors: Raina Rohit , Fatima Mukaresh , Wangnoo Areca
Published: August 2020

In newly diagnosed patients with diabetes with poor glycemia, presentation is sometimes acute onset monoparesis, which eventually improved with good glycemic control. To report an unusual patient with newly diagnosed diabetes whose initial manifestation was acute onset monoparesis. A 58-year old female patient with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) who presented to us with acute onset monoparesis (right lower limb) lower motor neuron (LMN) type without bladder involvement, secondary to poor glycemia which eventually resolved with good glycemic control.
Non-purulent pharyngitis: adult still’s disease
Authors: B. V. Nagabhushanarao , Vatti Narmada , Dannana Naveen Kumar , Konathala Surendra
Published: August 2020

Adult Still’s disease is rare and may present as pyrexia of unknown origin. Due to lack of expertise, diagnosis may be delayed inadvertently. The patient usually presents with spiked fever, polyarthralgia or arthritis, evanescent skin rash, non-purulent pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Leukocytosis, predominantly of neutrophils, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein without obvious infection are the hallmarks of the disease. Delay in diagnosis may expose the patient to the side effects of antibiotics as they are repeatedly prescribed in view of elevated leukocytes. The majority of patients report pain in the throat without evidence of infection. This was an important clue to our diagnosis of this patient. Grossly elevated serum ferritin is diagnostic of adult onset still's disease. As the white cell counts are grossly elevated, a bone marrow examination to rule out hematological malignancy may be mandatory. Serum ferritin value has prognostic value too. Minor illness may respond to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but steroids are the mainstay of the treatment.  Methotrexate is of additional value for those presenting predominantly with arthritis. Anakinra, Infliximab and Tocilizumab are other options. Those patients presenting with severe disease and organ involvement require high dose intravenous steroids followed by high dose oral steroids.
Uncommon plasmacytoid myoepithelioma originating from ectopic minor salivary gland in neck: a rare case with rare site presentation
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Singh Preeti , Saroj Amod Kumar , Gupta Priya
Published: August 2020

The aim of this case report is to present as case of plasmacytoid at ectopic minor salivary gland in the neck which is a rare neoplasm with uncommon presentation of site. Usually it is a tumor of major salivary gland and more common in parotid gland and less common in the minor salivary gland of the oral cavity predominantly in palate. Here authors are discussing a case of 10-year-old female who presented in our institute with complain of swelling over right mid cervical region which was clinically suspected as reactive cervical lymph node. Patient was evaluated further and cytologically diagnosed as a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma. It was also confirmed as a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma after histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies. Plasmacytoid myoepithelioma at ectopic minor salivary gland site in the neck is uncommon presentation and only a limited number of cases have been reported in literature.
Inverted Meckel’s diverticulum: a rare cause of intussusception in children
Authors: Nayak Sitikantha , Mishra Baikuntha Narayan , Patra Sudhansu Sekhar , Joshi Ranjit Kumar , Pahi Prabin Prakash , Paikray Rajlaxmi
Published: August 2020

Invagination of proximal segment of intestine to distal one results in intussusceptions and is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in children. In most of the cases of intussusceptions, the cause is idiopathic in nature; the other causes may be infection, polyp or anatomical abnormalities. Occasionally, Meckel’s diverticulum may cause intussusception and inverted Meckel’s diverticulum leading to intussusceptions is very rare in children. It is difficult to diagnose inversion of Meckel’s diverticulum preoperatively. Here in we report a case of 6 yrs old male child, who was operated for intussusception and found to have inverted Meckel’s diverticulum as lead point.
Anaesthetic concerns of difficult airway in case of large oral hemangioma posted for robotic cystectomy
Authors: Kapadia Khevna , Shah Sheetal , Mehta Hemant , Mehta Misha
Published: August 2020

A difficult airway poses a challenge to attending anaesthesiologist. Fibreoptic intubation (FOI) to secure airway can be a valuable option in such a scenario. Steep Trendelenberg’s position with pneumoperitoneum in robotic surgery causes respiratory changes with airway oedema and congestion. We are describing here a case report of 56-year male patient with a large congenital oral cavity hemangioma with primary urothelial neoplasm of bladder posted for robotic radical cystectomy with ileal conduit with urethrectomy. We emphasize the importance of difficult airway management by using fibre optic technique in such cases complicated by steep Trendelenburg’s position required during robotic surgeries.
Study the iron status in children with febrile seizures: a hospital based cross sectional study
Authors: Goyal Rajat , Gupta Alpa , Pandita Neerul , Sharma Anita
Published: August 2020

Background: Febrile seizures are most common among childhood seizures, accounts to 2% to 5% in children below 5 years of age. Iron deficiency can cause many neurological deficits and may lower the seizure threshold. The present study was conducted to determine the iron status in children with febrile seizures.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, HIMS, Dehradun, over a period of 12 month from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 105 children of age group 6 month to 5 years, coming to pediatrics department were included in the study. Total study subjects were divided into two groups, Group I (febrile seizure) and Group II (other than febrile seizure).  A consecutive sampling method was done for selection of study subjects.Results: In Group I (febrile seizure), the number of males were 71.7% while females were 28.3% with male: female ratio of 2.5:1. In Group I (febrile seizure), 61.7% of subjects had deficient iron level while 38.3% of subjects had normal serum iron level. Our study shows significantly low mean serum ferritin and mean serum iron level in subjects with febrile seizures.Conclusions: We concluded that iron deficiency is more common in febrile seizures and there is a positive association between serum iron level and febrile seizures.
A longitudinal study of immunization status and reasons for non-vaccination of children in OPD and pediatric ward of a teaching hospital
Authors: Khurram Mir Sumsam Ali , Khan Khaja Amer
Published: August 2020

Background: The present study was to find out the immunization status of children in the age group of 0-7 years from OPD and those admitted in hospital attached to Deccan College of Medical Sciences with respect to primary immunization (BCG,OPV/DPT 1, 2, 3, measles), 1st booster dosage of OPV, DPT and also primary doses of Hepatits-B vaccine and coverage of vitamin A with measles vaccine. The objectives of this research work were to study factors which influence the immunization status and to know reasons for partial and non-immunization and their follow up over 2 years. Also, to know proportion of vaccine preventable diseases in children under study group.Methods: An oral questionaire method was adopted for parent of children in the age group 0-7 years to assess their immunization status and social factors influencing immunization coverage. Systemic random sampling method was applied to select 200 chlildren i.e. every 5th child admitted in the age group of 0-7 years was taken for analysis.Results: The study showed that out of 200 children 115 were fully immunized, 78 were partially immunized and 7 were non- immunized, 66 children among male and 49 among females were fully immunized, & the study shows that males had better immunization than females.Conclusions: Out of total 200 cases 57.6% were fully immunized, 38 % were partially immunized while 3.5% were unimmunized. Immunization coverage was better in urban children than rural children.
Association of nutritional status with dietary and behavioural patterns among adolescents
Authors: Elizabeth Kandathil Eapen , Ashwin David Ashok , Jyothidev Kesavadev
Published: August 2020

Background: Changing trends in dietary habits, behavioral patterns, and prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents is of great concern.Methods: 6469 school children from five districts of Kerala, India were enrolled. Dietary habits and behavioral patterns were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and compared with regional Indian Academy Pediatrics (IAP) reference charts. Data was computed and analyzed.  Results: Mean age: Boys 14.51±0.93, Girls 14.42±1.04 years. Male: Female ratio 0.92:1. Practices like missing breakfast, non-compliance to weekly Iron Folic Acid supplementation and not taking exercise >2 hours/week were more in girls. Increased consumption of junk food, screen time >2 hours/week and not sharing life events with parents were more in boys. Mean anthropometric parameters were <50th percentile of reference charts. 6.1% had low BMI (boys, 4.2% vs. girls,7.6%,), 12.3% were overweight (boys, 14.9% vs. girls,10.2%) and 4.4% had obesity (boys, 4.7% vs. girls, 4.2%). Mean anthropometric parameters were higher in more urbanized districts.  Daily consumption of junk food showed significant association with obesity and exercise >2 hours/week with normal BMI.Conclusions: Dietary and behavioral patterns and prevalence of overweight/obesity showed variability with respect to gender and region of residence. 12% were overweight and 4% had obesity. Daily consumption of junk food showed significant association with overweight/obesity and daily exercise >2 hours/week with normal BMI. Health education addressing behavioral change is recommended for better health.
Validation of a questionnaire for the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Khanna Sanjeev , Khaliq Abdul , Kewlani Jaiprakash , Gupta Sachin , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder with a significant impact on the patients’ quality of life. The objective if this study was to develop and validate knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) questionnaire in patients with IBS.Methods: The questionnaire was developed by medical experts by a consultative process using available literature on KAP for patients with IBS. Contents of the questionnaire were validated based on content clarity and relevance using a 4-point ordinal scale. A cross-sectional survey of 100 individuals with IBS was carried out to establish internal consistency, followed by the establishment of the construct validity of the questionnaire.Results: The original KAP questionnaire included 32 items categorized under the 3 domains of knowledge (22 items), attitude (6 items), and practices (8 items). During expert validation, 4 items from knowledge domain and 1 item from attitude domain were revised. For the original questionnaire, for the individual KAP domains and the overall questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha raw values were 0.384, 0.215, 0.548, and ‑0.028, and standardized values were 0.395, 0.368, 0.490, and 0.119, respectively. Six items from knowledge domain and 1 item from attitude domain were deleted to strengthen the internal consistency without jeopardizing the purpose of study. For the questionnaire with 29 items, Cronbach's alpha values improved to 0.603, 0.314, 0.548, and 0.483 (raw values) and 0.586, 0.350, 0.490, and 0.414 (standardized values), respectively.Conclusions: The validated questionnaire with 29 items had improved homogeneity as compared with the initial questionnaire with 36 items.
Endoscopic profile and clinical outcome of patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Kasturi Umang , Singh Amritpal , Kaur Dharamjit
Published: August 2020

Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency with significant mortality. The aim of the present study is to study endoscopic profile and clinical outcome of patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in this region. Methods: This prospective observational study carried out on 100 patients admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. All patients included in study underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after initial evaluation and stabilization.  Status of study group patients was noted at discharge. Patients were telephonically contacted at day 15 and were asked about rebleed, readmission for gastrointestinal bleed or death of the patient.Results: The mean age of patients was 48.98 ±14.50 years with male to female ratio of 2.57:1. The most common lesions causing UGI bleed were related to portal hypertension (esophageal and gastric varices) and were seen in 67% of patients. Non portal hypertensive lesions causing UGI bleed (peptic and other lesions) were seen in 46% patients. Twenty six percent patients had combination of lesions while endoscopy was normal in 3% patients. Rebleeding within 15 days was seen in 11 patients out of whom 3 died during same admission. Out of other 8 patients with rebleed, readmission was seen in 6 patients while 2 patients had minor bleed. We found no correlation of mortality and rebleed with factors like age, history of liver disease, diabetes, NSAIDs use, peptic ulcer disease and presence of cirrhosis. However the correlation between rebleed and death was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Portal hypertension is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in this region. There is strong correlation between rebleeding and death. However there is no correlation between age, history of liver disease, diabetes, NSAIDs use, peptic ulcer disease and presence of cirrhosis with rebleed or mortality.
Estimation of prevalence of dengue viral infection among clinically suspected patients attending a tertiary care centre in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kanaujia Rachana , Bajpai Malay
Published: August 2020

Background: Dengue virus infection is fastest spreading, mosquito borne viral disease in the world with an estimated 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. Dengue is notifiable disease in India, but real number of cases could not be identified many times due to the under-reporting or misdiagnosis of cases. The purpose of the present study was to estimate prevalence of dengue viral Infection among suspected patients attending a tertiary care centre.Methods: Blood samples from suspected patients were collected over a period of 1 year and were analysed for dengue virus specific IgM antibodies and NS1 antigen by immuno-chromatographic method.Results: Total 196 samples were tested out of which 43 (21.43%) showed laboratory evidence of dengue. Maximum samples were received during monsoon and post-monsoon period. Dengue sero-positivity was found to be highest in post monsoon period i.e., October-November. Maximum dengue positivity rate was found in the age group of 16-45 years.Conclusions: For estimation of true burden of dengue in India and its geographical mapping to control further disease transmission; laboratory-based active surveillance systems are required along with passive surveillance and control programs.
Tryptase plays a role in solid tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation
Authors: Mathew Anisha , Naithani Manisha , Sehrawat Amit , Sundriyal Deepak , Shilpa Pulturu Venkata , Nath Uttam Kumar
Published: August 2020

Tryptase, a serine protease released during mast cell degranulation has been associated with anaphylactic reactions and inflammations. In recent studies on solid tumor proliferation, it has been seen that tryptase has a role in tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. This also makes tryptase a potential therapeutic target. Many anti-tryptase agents have shown to decrease tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. Authors have thus reviewed various articles which have done extensive studies on the role of tryptase as an important factor in tumor proliferation and angiogenesis.
D-dimer, a biomarker for detecting severity of SARS-CoV2: a systematic review
Authors: Singhvi Shreyans D. , Singh Preksha T. , Bhandari Gautam , Khan Rafe M.
Published: August 2020

A global pandemic of the novel corona virus has impacted the world on severe terms. Not only it has raised an impact on the health care systems as well as the economic and mental health of individuals. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory virus- corona virus 2), the outbreak is associated to have likely started as a zoonotic transmission with a seafood market, it has now become clear of the person to person transmission of it. Currently, the virus has been called a global pandemic and has infected 8.72 million people worldwide (dated 21st June 2020). Since, the pandemic has affected multiple countries, our aim of the study is to study d-dimer a biomarker, that may reflect severity of the cases affected by the virus. The search was done based on preferred reporting system for meta-analysis and systemic review (PRISMA) guideline. All the scientific database like Pubmed central, NIH, NCBI, embrase, mediline, Cochrane and google scholar were used to research articles with keywords: ‘d-dimer, ‘SARS-CoV2’, ’severe cases’. All the published peer reviewed articles till date 17th June 2020 were studied. 9 articles were selected in the review and they depicted a higher value of d-dimer can be related to severity of the case of SARS-CoV2. Our study concludes that, for early severe case detection, an early detection of d-dimer levels can be done and treatment to reduce the value in the early cases may provide intervention to the prognosis of the disease. As, the number of cases leading to a severe case and requiring an ICU facility will decline, the mortality rate might drastically decline as well as earlier screening of a severe case of SARS-CoV-2 would help in faster intervention for the same.
Role of nasolacrimal duct probing in pre-operative endo-dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Munjal Manish , Kaur Amanjot , Singh Akashdeep , Bajwa G. S. , Munjal Shubham , Bansal Vasu
Published: August 2020

Background: Infection s and facial trauma are likely to disrupt the lacrimal flow in the region of the medial canthus. Individuals with epiphora refractory to topical medication and secondary to an obstructive aetiology were subjected to nasolacrimal duct probing prior to endo-nasal-dacrocystorhinostomy, to identify the likely site of obstruction, cannalicular, common cannalicus or in the nasolacrimal duct.

Methods: 40 adult subjects of long duration epiphora were selected from the outpatient clinics of otorhinolaryngology and opthalmology services of Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana.  

Results: On pre-operative lacrimal probing, the block was detected at a distance of greater than 3 cm in 26 sides (65%) and less than 3 cm in 14 sides (35%).

Conclusions: In patients of epiphora, the naso-lacrimal system had an obstruction, in the duct and usually at a distance of greater than 3 cm from the punctum.
Parotidectomy, complications and management: our experience
Authors: Banerjee Pranabashish , Sikdar B. , Das Gautam , Das Arijit , Ghosh Arunava
Published: August 2020

Background: Salivary gland neoplasms constitute 0.3% of all malignancies and 2%-6.5% of the head-and-neck tumors. Considering the unique anatomy of the gland and its intricate relationship with the facial nerve, significant complications may arise which can result in varying degrees of morbidity.

Methods: We present here our experience of Parotid surgery done at two institutes, NRS medical College in Kolkata and North Bengal medical College and Hospital in the Darjeling district from 2013 to 2019 in the department of ENT and Head neck Surgery. Patients were subjected to superficial parotidectomy, total conservative and total parotidectomy depending upon the preoperative FNAC report.

Results: 47 patients were subjected to different types of parotidectomies.  Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common pathology encountered and facial nerve palsy was the most common post-operative complication in our series, followed by GAN injury, flap necrosis and Frey’s syndrome.

Conclusions: This demographic study will help future parotid surgeons to understand various complications encountered during the surgery and management of those aforesaid complications, improving surgical outcome.
Role of septoplasty in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Maniyar Hiten R. , Parmar Dharmishtha H.
Published: August 2020

Background: It is a prospective study of 30 cases of allergic rhinitis with deviated nasal septum presented to our hospital. Analysis is done on the basis of age and sex distribution, severity of the symptoms pre and post operatively, according to nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale and allergic rhinitis control test (ARCT) questionnaire which assess the quality of life.

Methods: Detailed history taking and clinical examination was done. All the patients were assessed the severity of their symptoms based on a NOSE scale. An ARCT questionnaire was given to patients prior to surgery(septoplasty) and after 3 months of it.

Results: In study we have observed that in the age group was 20-30years. Majority of the patients were males. The most common symptom is nasal obstruction followed by sneezing, rhinorhhea, pruritis, headache etc. The mean decrease in the NOSE score was statistically significant (before septoplasty NOSE score =14.6 and after septoplasty NOSE score=8.1). There is also improvement in quality of life which was measured by allergic rhinitis control test (ARCT) score. ARCT before septoplasty 10.2 and after 19.2.

Conclusion: The study shows most common combined symptoms are nasal blockage with rhinorrhoea, more affecting the age group of 18 to 30 years, males, with deviated nasal septum towards left seen more commonly. Patients of allergic rhinitis with deviated nasal septum are benefited with septoplasty, improved symptoms like nasal obstruction and stuffiness etc. and the quality of life by decrease in the severity of allergic symptoms.
Low grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma case report from the Middle East
Authors: Mohammed Suzan S. , Ahmad Hassan H. , Ammar Adham A. , Rahman Waheed
Published: August 2020

Nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma variety is extremely rare type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Limited number of cases reported in the literature, with most cases being reported from west and south Asia. We report the first case in English literature from the middle east and south Africa. A young gentleman diagnosed with low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma with positive cervical lymph node. He received a combined approach with endoscopic resection of the lesion and concomitant Left neck dissection followed by planned chemoradiotherapy. Through this case report, we would like to share our treatment approach and explore the optimum therapeutic strategies for primary nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinomas.

 
Guidelines for otology surgery in coronavirus-19 pandemic
Authors: Juvekar Meenesh , Sarkar Baisali
Published: August 2020

Measures to be taken by the clinicians involved in Otology surgery in light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Current finding about COVID-19 infection and its relation with SARS-CoV 2 virus is evaluated and possible safety measure guidelines to be taken while doing Otological procedures is reviewed. Wearing PPE kit (N95 mask, double gloves, respirator, eye protection, face shield, gown, shoe cover ), limited attendance to essential personnel, using negative pressure room, using double drape system and proper removal of patient drape after rhinology operation reduces the risk of  SARS-CoV 2 virus spread via aerosol into the environment. Emergent and Urgent otology surgery need prompt treatment, thus proper COVID-19 protocols should be maintained while doing otology surgery like wearing PPE ( N95 mask, double gloves, respirator, eye protection, face shield, gown, shoe cover ), limit attendance to essential personnel and use negative pressure room are undertaken. Double draping of the operating site is essential while drilling and suctioning and  it’s too carried out under the plastic tent to reduce aerosol spread in the environment. Proper removing of the tent setup, including rolling of patient drape is needed to reduce aerosol spread. Otology surgeries should adhere to general guidelines set for high-risk procedures.
Best technique for fixation of displaced transverse olecranon fractures: tension band wiring or plate fixation?
Authors: Yogi Lokesh Kumar , Mahi Gagandeep , Thorat C. R. , Naik Moti Janardhan
Published: August 2020

Background: Fractures of olecranon are common fractures in upper limb. Tension band wiring (TBW) and plate fixation (PF) are mostly used techniques but choice is based on type of fracture and surgeon’s preference.

Methods:  A study assessed functional results in 28 patients that were enrolled after the clinical event of trauma has occurred. Patients were divided into two groups- Group (A) for TBW and Group (B) for PF; here gender, age and side of fracture were ignored. Post-operative functional outcome were evaluated by using the Mayo Elbow Performance (MEP) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score parameters.

Results: Mean (SD) union time as determined by postoperative radiographs was 8.5 (1.48) weeks for group (A) and 9 (2.08) weeks for group (B). Mean (SD) MEP score at 9 months in group (A) 84.28 (7.28) and 80.71 (10.92) in group (B). Mean (SD) DASH at 9 months in group (A) 12.2 (8.8) and 11.7 (10.4) in group (B). Complications were reported in group (A) 6 patient (42.85%) out of 14 patients and in group (B) 1 patient (7.14%) out of 14 patients.

Conclusions: The current study shows that there are no significant differences in functional outcome between both the study groups. Due to lesser complications, we recommend the plate fixation approach as the better choice for transverse displaced olecranon fractures. More large scale studies are required to further confirm our results.
Functional outcome following conservative management of acetabular fractures
Authors: P. Rajagopal H. , M. Madan Mohan , Kurian Binu T. , J. Ramesh L. , Pilar Anoop , Tamboowalla Keith Behram
Published: August 2020

Background: Acetabular fractures are complex injuries caused due to high velocity injury and constitutes about 18 % of Pelvic fractures. To obtain articular congruency and anatomical reduction is the gold standard in treating these fractures. In this study we have studied about the functional outcome in acetabular fractures managed conservatively with the long-term follow.

Methods: A retrospective study with prospective analysis done between 2011-2020 involved 39 patients with acetabular fractures who were treated conservatively at St John’s Medical college Hospital. Patients were followed up at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and at the end of 5 years for functional evaluation and assessment with the clinical outcome scores with Merle d’Aubigne and Postel score & Harris Hip Score.

Results: Study included 39 patients with the average age of 41.3 years with 31 male and 8 female patients. Functional outcome score showed good to excellent results in 80%, fair to satisfactory results in 18%, 0.5 to 2% had poor result in the patient analyzed with both Merle d’Aubigne and Postel score and Harris Hip Score. 80 % of the patients were able to sit cross legged, 90% had returned to regular work and 10% of the patients changed their occupation to desk jobs.

Conclusions: Conservative management of acetabular fractures gives a good long-term result following congruent reduction of the fracture, good early rehabilitation and gradual weight bearing. Return to activity of daily living was good even in congruently reduced acetabular dome fractures with good to excellent functional outcome scores.
A prospective study on surgical fixation of complex supracondylar femur fracture with distal femoral locking compression plate: our experiences at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Upadhyay Anuradha , Parmar Rahul
Published: August 2020

Background: The optimal treatment of complex supracondylar femur fractures remains always challenging and controversial. the purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of distal femoral locking compression plate (DF-LCP) in terms of functional outcome and union rate for highly unstable complex supracondylar femur fractures and to determine the influencing factors of an unfavourable outcome.

Methods: After obtaining approval from institutional ethics committee, 45 patients with complex supracondylar femur fractures were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with DF-LCP through lateral approach and as per standard protocol. The follow-up results were analysed clinically and radiologically, using the “Schatzker and Lambert criteria” at once in a month for first three months, once in three months up to one year and once in six months thereafter up to 2 years post-operatively.

Results: In the present study, average duration of radiological union was 16 (range 12-22) weeks. The average range of motion of knee joint was 105 degrees. Out of 45 patients, clinical results were excellent in 48.9%, good in 17.8%, fair in 22.2% and poor in 11.1% patients according to Schatzker and Lambert criteria. Knee stiffness (7 cases), secondary arthritis (5 cases), and non-union (4 cases) were the main complications observed in this study, which were treated accordingly.

Conclusions: DF-LCP holds the metaphyseal bone strongly and prevents metaphyseal collapse and mal-rotation in complex or highly unstable supracondylar femur fractures and simultaneously, it provides stable fixation to promote fracture union and allows early rehabilitation with acceptable complications.