bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crosstalk between the Intestinal Virome and Other Components of the Microbiota, and Its Effect on Intestinal Mucosal Response and Diseases
Authors: Clinton Njinju Asaba , Hameed Sodiq Ayobami , Agyei Eugene Kusi , Jacob Joy Chinwendu , Oyebanji Victor Oyewale , Jabea Cyril Ekabe
Published: September 2022

In recent years, there has been ample evidence illustrating the effect of microbiota on gut immunity, homeostasis, and disease. Most of these studies have engaged more efforts in understanding the role of the bacteriome in gut mucosal immunity and disease. However, studies on the virome and its influence on gut mucosal immunity and pathology are still at infancy owing to limited metagenomic tools. Nonetheless, the existing studies on the virome have largely been focused on the bacteriophages as these represent the main component of the virome with little information on endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and eukaryotic viruses. In this review, we describe the gut virome, and its role in gut mucosal response and disease progression. We also explore the crosstalk between the virome and other microorganisms in the gut mucosa and elaborate on how these interactions shape the gut mucosal immunity going from bacteriophages through ERVs to eukaryotic viruses. Finally, we elucidate the potential contribution of this crosstalk in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer.
Concomitant Nephrotic Syndrome and Cryoglobulinemia in a Case of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Nagai Kei , Tachi Hiroaki , Inoue Kohei , Ueda Atsushi
Published: September 2022

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is rarely associated with nephrotic syndrome. Cryoglobulinemia is found in various pathological statuses, such as hepatitis C virus infection but rarely in malignant neoplasms. We recently encountered a patient with malignant mesothelioma coincident with nephrotic syndrome and cryoglobulinemia in the course of chemotherapy. A 60-year-old man employed as a building painter was diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma by lung biopsy two years earlier and was started on chemotherapy. Nivolumab seemed effective in controlling mesothelioma, but skin immune-related adverse events occurred during the course of treatment. After discontinuation of nivolumab and administration of gemcitabine as an alternative therapy, the patient was referred to a nephrologist because of the subsequent development of edema, renal injury, and proteinuria. Following the investigation, he was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and cryoglobulinemia with C4-dominant cold activation. However, a percutaneous renal biopsy could not be performed due to persistent severe cough induced by pleural involvement. The patient died a little over three years after the pathological diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. Our case had three key features nephrotic syndrome was possibly associated with malignant mesothelioma; cryoglobulinemia occurred in malignant mesothelioma; and concomitant nephrotic syndrome and cryoglobulinemia occurred after chemotherapy. Unfortunately, our rare case lacks a basis in renal pathology or evidence of links between the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma, cryoglobulinemia, and nephrotic syndrome. This case does not provide a causal mechanism, but may be worth adding to the case list as one of the rare renal involvement in a patient with malignant mesothelioma.
Flexible Robust Regression-Ratio Type Estimators and Its Applications
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Asim Syed Muhammad , ullah Atta , Mahariq Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

In real-world situations, the data set under examination may contain uncommon noisy measurements that unreasonably affect the data’s outcome and produce incorrect model estimates. Practitioners employed robust-type estimators to reduce the weight of the noisy measurements in a data set in such a scenario. Using auxiliary information that will produce reliable estimates, we have looked at a few flexible robust-type estimators in this study. In order to estimate the population mean, this study presents unique flexible robust regression type ratio estimators that take into account the data from the midrange and interdecile range of the auxiliary variables. Up to the first order of approximate computation, the bias and mean square were calculated. In order to compare the flexibility of the proposed estimator to those of the existing estimators, theoretical conditions were also obtained. We took into account data sets containing outliers for empirical computation, and it was found that the suggested estimators produce results with higher precision than the existing estimators.
Dynamic Pricing for Dual-Channel Supply Chain considering Consumers with Double-Entry Mental Accounting
Authors: Wu Lirong
Published: September 2022

Based on double-entry mental accounting theory, we explore the effects of different payment schemes in the regular selling period and the sales period of two channels on the firm’s profits. Studies in psychology and behavioral sciences show that strategic consumers have a significant impact on firms’ profits. In this paper, dynamic pricing problems are considered to analyse the effects of strategic consumer double-entry mental accounting on firms’ profits. We first analyse the perceived values of consumers under different payment schemes in the regular selling period and the sales period from two channels. Based on this, we derive the optimal price and optimal profit. The results show that double-entry mental accounting of consumers has a greater impact on the retailer than on the manufacturer. To solve the loss caused by strategic consumers, it is recommended that the retailer lowers the price to stabilize the profit. The postpayment scheme is preferred by the manufacturer, but the high coefficient of pleasure attenuation would hurt the manufacturer. The general payment scheme is preferred by the retailer, but the high coefficient of pain buffering would hurt the retailer.
DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor 5-AZA-DC Regulates TGFβ1-Mediated Alteration of Neuroglial Cell Functions after Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Yong , Zhang Xiao-Li
Published: September 2022

5-AZA-DC is an efficient methylation inhibitor that inhibits methylation of target DNA. In this study, we explored the effects of 5-AZA-DC on the regulation of TGFβ1 on target genes in neuroglial cell, as well as neuroglial cell functions under oxidative stress. The oxidative stress was constructed by editing CRISPR/Cas9 for knock out Ang-1 and ApoE4 genes. Cells were subjected to TGFβ1OE (or shTGFβ1) transfection and/or 5-AZA-DC intervention. Results showed that under oxidative stress, both TGFβ1OE and shTGFβ1 transfection raised DNMT1, but reduced TGFβ1, PTEN, and TSC2 expressions in neuroglial cells. TGFβ1 directly bind to the promoter of PTEN gene. 5-AZA-DC intervention lowered DNMT1 and raised TGFβ1 expression, as well as promoted the binding between TGFβ1 and promoter of PTEN. TGFβ1OE caused a significant increase in the DNA demethylation level of PTEN promoter, while 5-AZA-DC intervention reduced the DNA demethylation level of PTEN promoter. Under oxidative stress, TGFβ1OE (or shTGFβ1) transfection inhibited neuroglial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted cell apoptosis. 5-AZA-DC intervention alleviated TGFβ1OE (or shTGFβ1) transfection caused neuroglial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion inhibition, as well as cell apoptosis. To conclude, these results suggest that 5-AZA-DC can be used as a potential drug for epigenetic therapy on oxidative stress damage in neuroglial cells. The findings of this research provide theoretical basis and research ideas for methylation drug intervention and TGFβ1 gene as a possible precise target of glial oxidative stress diagnosis and treatment.
Algorithmic Application of Evidence Theory in Recommender Systems
Authors: Ma Lina
Published: September 2022

With the development of wireless network and various communication technologies, the information on the Internet is expanding rapidly. The development of wireless network and various communication technologies has promoted the development of e-commerce, and people can understand a large amount of commodity information without leaving home. However, due to the complex information on the network, users need to pass a lot of screening to obtain the information they want, and a large amount of irrelevant information will cause users to consume a large amount of irrelevant information. To solve these problems, the personalized recommendation system is created, but the recommendation system is recommended according to the characteristics of users’ interest and shopping behavior. However, users’ interests will change, so they need to use other technologies to screen for relevant commodity information. Evidence theory has a strong ability to distinguish between true and false information and to deal with uncertain information. To this end, this article studies the application of the evidence theory in the recommendation system and finds that the evidence theory algorithm can infer the information needed by users based on the uncertain information. Moreover, the experiment in this article proves that the algorithm application of the evidence theory in the recommendation system can well grasp the interests of users and recommend the information needed by users. This improves the efficiency of users to obtain the required information and achieves 80 points for content recommendations.
A Double Feature Extraction Method for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Slope Entropy and Fuzzy Entropy
Authors: Ma Haomiao , Xu Yingfeng , Wang Jianye
Published: September 2022

Rolling bearings are the key components for the safe operation of mechanical equipment. It plays an irreplaceable role in the normal operation of mechanical equipment. Higher load makes higher failure rate of rolling bearing. Accurate identification of the fault location is an important step in the diagnosis of the rolling bearing fault. In recent years, the entropy features of rolling bearing vibration signals are usually extracted to identify fault. In this paper, a double feature extraction method based on slope entropy (SlE) and fuzzy entropy (FE) is proposed to recognize the fault state of rolling bearing through rolling bearing signals. In the single feature extraction experiment, the recognition rate of these two kinds of entropy is not high. Through the improvement of the single feature extraction experiment, SlE and FE are selected as two feature combinations. After combining approximate entropy (AE), SlE, FE, permutation entropy (PE), and sample entropy (SE). The identification rate of these combinations was calculated using k nearest neighbor (KNN). The result shows that the recognition rate of this combination is 98% and 3.3% higher than other combinations.
[Retracted] Detection and Diagnostic Value of Cytokines in Serum of Children with Acute Viral Encephalitis
Authors: Zhang Na , Li Jing , Yan Xiaojing , Liu Weixiao
Published: September 2022

Acute viral encephalitis is one of the serious infectious diseases. In order to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of serum procalcitonin (PCT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and S100B protein in acute viral encephalitis, a total of 100 children with acute viral encephalitis from July 2019 to December 2021 are selected and included in the viral encephalitis group. The results show that S100B protein model has high specificity and sensitivity and is simple to operate. It provides new ideas and directions for differential diagnosis, improvement, and optimization of relevant clinical diagnosis and treatment schemes and has high clinical value.
Treg-Dominant Tumor Microenvironment Is Responsible for Hyperprogressive Disease after PD-1 Blockade Therapy
Authors: Wakiyama Hiroaki , Kato Takuya , Furusawa Aki , Okada Ryuhei , Inagaki Fuyuki , Furumoto Hideyuki , Fukushima Hiroshi , Okuyama Shuhei , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka
Published: September 2022

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy can result in dramatic responses in some patients with cancer. However, about 15% of patients receiving PD-1 blockade therapy experience rapid tumor progression, a phenomenon termed “hyperprogressive disease” (HPD). The mechanism(s) underlying HPD has been difficult to uncover because HPD is challenging to reproduce in animal models. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a method by which specific cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be selectively depleted without disturbing other cells in the TME. In this study, we partially depleted CD8+ T cells with NIR-PIT by targeting the CD8β antigen thereby temporarily changing the balance of T-cell subsets in two different syngeneic tumor models. PD-1 blockade in these models led to rapid tumor progression compared with controls. CD3ε+CD8α+/CD3ε+CD4+FoxP3+ (Teff/Treg) ratios in the PD-1 and NIR-PIT groups were lower than in controls. Moreover, in a bilateral tumor model, low-dose CD8β-targeted NIR-PIT with anti–PD-1 blockade showed rapid tumor progression only in the tumor exposed to NIR light. In this experiment CD8β-targeted NIR-PIT in the exposed tumor reduced local CD8+ T cells resulting in a regulatory T-cell (Treg)–dominant TME. In conclusion, this reports an animal model to simulate the Treg-dominant TME, and the data generated using the model suggest that HPD after PD-1 blockade therapy can be attributed, at least in part, to imbalances between effector T cells and Tregs in the TME.
Automated Detection of Epiretinal Membranes in OCT Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Tang Yong , Gao Xiaorong , Wang Weijia , Dan Yujiao , Zhou Linjing , Su Song , Wu Jiali , Lv Hongbin , He Yue
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm to automatically identify and locate epiretinal memberane (ERM) regions in OCT images. Methods: OCT images of 468 eyes were retrospectively collected from a total of 404 ERM patients. One expert manually annotated the ERM regions for all images. A total of 422 images (90%) and the remainig 46 images (10%) were used as the training dataset and validation dataset for deep learning algorithm training and validation, respectively. One senior and one junior clinician read the images. The diagnostic results were compared. Results: The algorithm accurately segmented and located the ERM regions in OCT images. The image-level accuracy was 95.65%, and the ERM region-level accuracy was 90.14%, respectively. In comparison experiments, the accuracies of the junior clinician improved from 85.00% to 61.29% without the assistance of the algorithm to 100.00% and 90.32% with the assistance of the algorithm. The corresponding results of the senior clinician were 96.15%, 95.00% without the assistance of the algorithm, and 96.15%, 97.50% with the assistance of the algorithm. Conclusions: The developed deep learning algorithm can accurately segment ERM regions in OCT images. This deep learning approach may help clinicians in clinical diagnosis with better accuracy and efficiency.
Characterization of 2-Year Progression of Different Phenotypes of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ribeiro Luísa , Marques Inês P. , Santos Torcato , Carvalho Sara , Santos Ana R. , Mendes Luís , Lobo Conceição , Cunha-Vaz José
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study was to characterize the 2-year progression of risk phenotypes of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) phenotype C, or ischemic phenotype, identified by decreased skeletonized retinal vessel density (VD), ≥2 SD over normal values, and phenotype B, or edema phenotype, identified by increased retinal thickness, i.e., subclinical macular edema, and no significant decrease in VD. Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study (CORDIS, NCT03696810) was conducted with 4 visits (baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years). Ophthalmological examinations included best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus photography (CFP), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading was performed at the baseline and last visits based on 7-field CFP. Results: One hundred and twenty-two eyes from T2D individuals with NPDR fitted in the categories of phenotypes B and C and completed the 2-year follow-up. Sixty-five (53%) of the eyes were classified as phenotype B and 57 (47%) eyes as phenotype C. Neurodegeneration represented by thinning of the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer was present in both phenotypes and showed significant progression over the 2-year period (p < 0.001). In phenotype C, significant progression in the 2-year period was identified in decreased skeletonized VD (p = 0.01), whereas in phenotype B microvascular changes involved preferentially decrease in perfusion density (PD, p = 0.012). Phenotype B with changes in VD and PD (flow) and preferential involvement of the deep capillary plexus (p < 0.001) is associated with development of center-involved macular edema. Discussion: In the 2-year period of follow-up, both phenotypes B and C showed progression in retinal neurodegeneration, with changes at the microvascular level characterized by decreases in PD in phenotype B and decreases in VD in phenotype C.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression Pattern in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Changes Drastically within the First Week of Life
Authors: Yamamoto Akane , Motokura Kouji , Iwanaga Kogoro , Niwa Fusako , Takita Junko , Kawai Masahiko
Published: September 2022

Introduction: We herein examined changes in expression levels of the glucocorticoid receptor subtypes GRα and GRβ in very low birth weight (VLBW) and term infants to clarify time-dependent changes in glucocorticoid sensitivity after birth. Methods: Whole blood samples were collected at birth and on postnatal days 4–7, and the mRNA expression levels of GRα and GRβ were measured using RT-qPCR. The relative gene expression levels of GRα and GRβ as the target genes normalized to actin beta as the endogenous control were calculated by the comparative cycle threshold method. Results: The GRα/GRβ expression ratio at birth was significantly lower in 32 VLBW cesarean section (CS) infants than in term planned CS infants (median [IQR], 1.5 [1.1–1.8]- and 1.1 [0.7–1.6]-fold change, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the GRα/GRβ expression ratio increased from day 0 to days 4–7 (1.0 [0.6–1.4]- and 1.7 [0.6–1.4]-fold change, p < 0.01) in 43 VLBW infants. Discussion/Conclusion: The present results suggest that glucocorticoid sensitivity in VLBW infants increases after birth and this rapid change may play a role in surviving critical postnatal events.
Post Pandemic Trust in Authorities
Authors: KARAPINAR KOCAĞ Esra
Published: September 2022

The world has experienced a severe outbreak that affected millions for more than two years. Managing this outbreak is a very important task for governments. Several measures such as lockdown, mandatory face masks, travel restrictions, online education, and vaccination have been taken to prevent the spread of this serious disease. In this process, trust in authorities or governments is likely to be a key instrument to succeed combating against coronavirus. This paper investigates determinants of trust in local authorities and government on managing pandemic in the case of Malaysia using High-Frequency Monitoring of COVID-19 Impacts in Malaysia (2021-Round 1 and Round 2) that is provided by the World Bank. Findings showed that vaccination status as a key parameter is a significant indicator to explain trust in authorities, along with a few other variables that would help to understand how trust, in this respect, is shaped.
Automated metadata annotation: What is and is not possible with machine learning
Authors: Wu Mingfang , Brandhorst Hans , Marinescu Maria-Cristina , Lopez Joaquim More , Hlava Margorie , Busch Joseph
Published: September 2022

Automated metadata annotation is only as good as training dataset, or rules that are available for the domain. It's important to learn what type of data content a pre-trained machine learning algorithm has been trained on to understand its limitations and potential biases. Consider what type of content is readily available to train an algorithm—what's popular and what's available. However, scholarly and historical content is often not available in consumable, homogenized, and interoperable formats at the large volume that is required for machine learning. There are exceptions such as science and medicine, where large, well documented collections are available. This paper presents the current state of automated metadata annotation in cultural heritage and research data, discusses challenges identified from use cases, and proposes solutions.
Coercive Names: Interpreting Mark 5:1–13 with Althusser’s “Interpellation”
Authors: Kimmel Joseph
Published: September 2022

This article addresses a significant lacuna in Markan studies—and specifically in scholarship on Mark 5:1–13—by reading the exorcistic encounter between Jesus and Legion through the hermeneutic lens of Louis Althusser’s interpellation theory. The article shows how interpellation provides a compelling way to account for the dynamics of exorcism displayed in this passage, especially in regard to the power of proper names. That is, moving beyond a superficial ascription of Jesus’ exorcistic success to his ability to obtain Legion’s name, this article utilizes interpellation theory in order to show why this onomastic obtainment is such a game-changer and how the process of requesting another’s name effectively interpellates Legion, securing the spirit within an ideology of relative weakness vis-à-vis Jesus. Alongside this analysis of Mark 5:1–13, this article also discusses the comparative relevance of certain pgm spells (e.g., I.222–31, iv.2251–53, 2343–45, and viii.1–63) and the enduring role of interpellation in contemporary hierarchies.
The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution V. Family Andrenidae, genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775, species described by E. Eversmann
Authors: ASTAFUROVA YULIA V. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU. , SIDOROV DMITRY A.
Published: September 2022

The type specimens for names of bee taxa in the genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 described by E. Eversmann and which are deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) are reviewed. Primary types of 18 taxa are illustrated and detailed information is provided. New synonymy is established for three species: Andrena fallax Eversmann, 1852 (=A. ispida Warncke, 1965, syn. nov.); A. assimilis Radoszkowski, 1876 (=A. gravida Eversmann, 1852, nec A. gravida Imhoff, 1832, syn. nov.); A. nigriceps (Kirby, 1802) (=A. nigrifrons Eversmann, 1852, syn. nov.). Based on the lectotype studying we consider Andrena fulva Eversmann, 1852 (nec A. fulva Müller, 1766) to be a junior synonym of A. (Taeniandrena) eversmanniana Osytshnjuk, 1994, stat. rev., not A. (Margandrena) marginata Fabricius, 1776, as opposed to Gusenleitner & Schwarz (2002). Corrections on lectotype data are provided for four taxa: Andrena ambigua Eversmann, 1852, A. consobrina Eversmann, 1852, A. fulvitarsis Eversmann, 1852, and A. scita Eversmann, 1852.
Effective Merger Review: A Question for Australian Courts?
Authors: Smith Rhonda L. , Healey Deborah
Published: September 2022

There is increasing global concern about the effectiveness of merger control in competition law. Globally, concerns about rising market concentration and in particular, the effect of consolidation by digital platform businesses, have prompted numerous inquiries and articles exploring whether competition laws are effective in addressing concerns about their anticompetitive impact in relation to mergers. Australia’s approach to merger control makes it an outlier in a number of ways. Its major approval procedure, informal clearance, is outside the scope of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth). Formal decisions are generally heard in courts. Of note, under the current “likely substantial lessening of competition” test which became operative in 1993, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has not successfully proven in court that a merger would be likely to infringe the law. This article examines the methodology of Australian courts in applying this test, including the judicial approach to acceptance and assessment of economic and noneconomic evidence. It suggests approaches to enable consideration of the best evidence available. This analysis is in the context of amendments to the merger system recently proposed by the ACCC. We conclude that there are significant challenges in determining whether a merger is anticompetitive and that changes to the relevant methodology are necessary. This might be done by adopting the ACCC proposals or by a reconsideration of the merger factors and the approach to applying them.
How prepared are people for their future? Findings from the Preparedness for the Future survey
Authors: Heyland Daren K. , Pope J. Paige , Jiang Xuran , Day Andrew G.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

People are living longer than ever before. Many arrive at a later stage of life in poor health and with inadequate financial and social resources. The purpose of this paper is to describe people’s general state of preparedness for their future as older persons, identify specific attitudes towards ageing and key characteristics that portend a lesser degree of preparedness, and identify the issues that need greater emphasis.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:

502 adult participants enlisted on an online polling panel in Canada.

Methods:

Demographics, attitudes towards the future self and ageing and the responses to the ‘Preparedness for the Future Questionnaire’ (Prep-FQ) were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to highlight overall and domain scores (possible score 0–100). Regression models were used to link key demographic characteristics and attitudes to a lower Prep FQ score.

Results:

The average age of participants was 54.1 years old (range 30–91). The majority (97%) felt it was important to think about themselves as an older person, yet less than 25% of people regularly spent time thinking about what it would be like for them as an older person. The average score on the Prep FQ was 61.6 (range 25–99). Items with the lowest scores were related to advance serious illness planning (medical care, funeral and legacy planning). Factors associated with a higher Prep FQ score included being female, having more education, thinking about when they are older and feeling positive about themselves as an older person.

Conclusion:

Helping people think and plan ahead more for healthy ageing may help some people move forward with confidence in creating a long, high-quality life and high-quality death. Helping ‘at-risk’ people plan for serious illness in advance is a high-priority target for improving people’s general state of preparedness for the future.
Views, emotional Reaction, and Bereavement Healing Rituals of Saudi Male Nursing Students: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Alsolais Abdulellah
Published: September 2022

Aim

The study described the perception and attitude of Saudi male nursing students towards death and dying.

Methods

This qualitative study recruited Twelve male Saudi nursing students from Nursing Department at University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data collection was conducted using unstructured one-on-one online interviews from January to February 2021 using thematic approach to analyse the data.

Results

The result of the study presented three themes. The first theme describes the Muslim Saudi male nursing student’s religious beliefs and practices in terms of three concepts. The second theme is the emotional reaction of the participants. The third theme is bereavement healing rituals.

Conclusion

The knowledge on how nursing students with an Islamic belief view the concept of death and dying provides valuable and critical information on developing educational intervention as well as course and training contents that needs to be included in developing the competencies of these students.
Materialism and Problematic Social Network Sites Use Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Control
Authors: Wang Mengyun , Xu Quan , He Ning , Zhang Liang , Zhang Xia
Published: September 2022

Prior studies have ascertained some risk factors of problematic social network sites use (PSNSU). Nevertheless, few research has examined the potential impact of materialism on PSNSU, as well as underlying mechanisms between this relationship. The present study investigated whether materialism would be linked with adolescents’ PSNSU and whether self-esteem and self-control would mediate them. A sample of 1238 Chinese adolescents (53.6% females) completed measurements regarding demographics, materialism, PSNSU, self-esteem, and self-control. After controlling for gender and age, the results indicated that: (a) materialism was positively correlated with PSNSU; (b) materialism can indirectly affect PSNSU through the mediating effects of self-control; and (c) materialism can indirectly affect PSNSU through the sequential mediating role of self-esteem and self-control. These findings not only provide a new perspective for the cultivation of adolescents’ values, but also contribute an important driving force for the prevention and intervention of adolescents’ PSNSU in the information technology era.
Competition in California’s Medi-Cal Managed Care Market Assessed by Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
Authors: Tawil Michael , DiGiorgio Anthony M.
Published: September 2022

Evaluating market competition is an important practice to assess how the forces and components at play in a select market interact. Healthcare markets are similar to any other market present in the world, where competition can be present or absent in the exchange of goods and services. Applying a standard measure of assessing market competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, to California’s Medi-Cal managed care marketplace, it is found that there is no competition present in all of California’s counties as defined by the common interpretation of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. A distinctive trend in markets is that when less competition is present, the cost of goods and services increases to reflect the principles of supply and demand. California Medi-Cal markets follow this trend of less competitive markets being associated with increased adult midpoint costs. These findings help further to elucidate California’s Medi-Cal marketplace on a county-by county level.
Defending Territory, Challenging Neoliberalism in Postwar Guatemala: Peaceful Resistance La Puya
Authors: Illmer Patrick
Published: September 2022

Beyond the more spontaneous and reactive urban mass protests against corruption, the most sustained and explicit challenge to neoliberal policies in postwar Guatemala has been advanced by rural communities. As the case of Peaceful Resistance La Puya and its opposition to a mining project indicates, this form of agency has gone beyond indigenous territories to localized resistances in areas of mixed or primarily ladino population. A key factor in explaining the persistence of this process of defense of territory is the emphasis its members put on preserving the strong horizontal features of their locally rooted mobilizing structure. This has reinforced their antagonistic position toward the promoters of the mining project while encouraging the appropriation of the struggle among community members.

Más allá de las masivas protestas urbanas de índole más espontáneo y reactivo contra la corrupción, el desafío más sostenido y explícito a las políticas neoliberales en la Guatemala de la posguerra ha sido aquel promovido por las comunidades rurales. Como indica el caso de Resistencia Pacífica La Puya y su oposición a un proyecto minero, esta forma de agencia ha trascendido los territorios indígenas para dar lugar a resistencias localizadas en áreas de población mixta o principalmente ladina. Un factor clave para explicar la persistencia de esta defensa del territorio es el énfasis que sus miembros ponen en preservar las fuertes características horizontales de su estructura de movilización, arraigada localmente. Esto ha reforzado su posición antagónica hacia los promotores del proyecto minero al tiempo que fomenta la apropiación de la lucha por miembros de la comunidad.
Attack estimation–based resilient control for cyber-physical power systems
Authors: Pan Kunpeng , Yang Feisheng , Feng Zhaowen , Pan Quan
Published: September 2022

This article is concerned with the resilient control problem for cyber-physical power systems. The main difference from the existing works lies in that the proposed resilient control scheme focuses on robust control in consideration of the attack reconstruction. First, power systems under false data injection attacks are modeled as cyber-physical power systems through the characteristics of power systems and attacks. Second, we design a robust adaptive attack estimation observer with a prescribed [Formula: see text] performance index to reconstruct the attack signals. Sufficient conditions for the design of the observer are formulated into matrix inequalities by choosing an appropriate adaptive law for online learning. Third, on the basis of attack estimation, a resilient control strategy by dynamic output feedback is proposed, which avoids the difficulty in designing state feedback resilient control based on the observer. Meanwhile, the attack estimation observer and output feedback resilient control are designed separately, and their performance is considered respectively, which simplifies the design process. Finally, a power system with three generators and six buses is used as an example to verify the feasibility of attack estimation and resilient control scheme.
On the Edge of Destruction: An Impaired-Regulation Model of Destructive Entrepreneurial Action
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Seyb Stella , Souitaris Vangelis
Published: September 2022

Entrepreneurial action can be directed toward identifying, generating, and exploiting potential business opportunities that can cause harm to others. Over and above the “rules of the game” of the economic system, we theorize on destructive entrepreneurial actions that result from entrepreneurs’ impaired regulation of their decision making. Specifically, we build on the entrepreneurial action literature and draw on regulation theories of goal attainment and moral disengagement to develop an impaired-regulation model of destructive entrepreneurial actions. This model contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by providing new insights into (a) why some entrepreneurs are more susceptible to engaging their ventures in destructive entrepreneurial actions, (b) everyday entrepreneurs (the “who”) engaging in destructive entrepreneurial actions (i.e., the “how” and “why”), and (c) when and why some entrepreneurs respond to their destructive entrepreneurial actions by becoming repentant do-gooders while others grow into serial offenders.
Toward a Theory of Super-Exploitation: The Subproletariat, Harold “Hal” Baron, and the Crisis of the Political Economy of Black Labor
Authors: Wood Augustus C.
Published: September 2022

This article argues that the African American working class can be conceptualized as a subproletariat: a subsection of the working class generally restricted to unstable, unskilled, low-wage, non-union, and “dirty” labor. The restructuring of capital during various periods in the U.S. history always strategically positioned the vast majority of Black people in subproletarian labor. Under the current crisis in the political economy of Black labor, uneven development and economic dislocation have deepened the lack of stable, skilled, living wage jobs in poor Black regions of the USA. This article expands on the earlier work of Joe Trotter and Harold “Hal” Baron to build a framework to understand this phenomenon. This paper proposes that Black labor and the Black working class provide the most succinct starting points to understanding the complexities of contemporary forms of anti-Black racial oppression.
The Role of Generativity in Later Life in the Case of Productive Activities: Does the Type of Active Aging Activity Matter?
Authors: Pinazo-Hernandis Sacramento , Zacares Juan J , Serrat Rodrigo , Villar Feliciano
Published: September 2022

Active aging has been associated with both personal and social benefits. However, active aging encompasses a broad range of activities, including self-oriented and community-oriented ones. The aim of this study was to explore to what extent generativity is a key factor in differentiating between both types of activity, and to contribute to the theoretical and methodological literature on generativity as a multidimensional concept relevant to later life participation in certain activities related to an active style of living. A sample of 549 older adults who engaged in two types of self-oriented activity (leisure activities and students of University of the Third Age programs) and two types of community-oriented activity (formal volunteering and political activism) participated in this study. Following a mixed-method strategy, we administered several qualitative and quantitative measures of generativity, including generative concern, generative goals, and perceived cultural demand. Our results showed that participants who engaged in self-oriented and community-oriented activities differed on all dimensions of generativity. Differences in generativity were particularly high regarding cultural demand and future generative goals, which were far more frequently mentioned by political activists and volunteers than by university of the third age students and those pursuing leisure activities. Overall, our findings suggest that generativity plays a role in older adults’ participation in some (but not all) active aging activities in later life, and that our understanding of generativity in later life gains from a multidimensional assessment of the concept.
Using a shared research practices paradigm with adult choral singers for the teaching and learning of musical literacy skills
Authors: Hiney Aoife
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the development of music lessons for adults in a non-professional choir. Based on the Kodály Concept, the lessons took place from April 2019 until March 2020. The singers and conductor engaged in shared research practices, tracking teaching and learning experiences through journaling and sharing our writings. Through this sharing, we have discussed the activities that are most enjoyable, difficulties we have encountered, and ways to overcome these difficulties. The data has important implications for my own practice as a music teacher and conductor, in addition to resonating with topics such as critical geragogy and life-long learning in non-academic contexts. Furthermore, shared research practices give adult learners an opportunity to actively engage in teaching and learning processes, with implications for future projects that include adult music education in nonacademic contexts.
Parents of children who are deafblind face challenges in fostering collaboration within individualized education program teams
Authors: McKittrick Lanya Lynn
Published: September 2022

Although active parent involvement is mandated as part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), parents continue to report dissatisfaction with Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings. Despite increases in parent participation policy since the adoption of IDEA, the parent–professional partnership originally envisioned by lawmakers is arguably not consistent with practice. This is evident for all families with children who represent the 13 disability categories covered under the auspice of IDEA; however, because deafblindness is a low-incidence disability with a heterogeneous population, this study focuses on families with children who are deafblind. Parents of children who are deafblind have unique challenges before, during, and after IEP meetings. Professional knowledge about deafblindness is often lacking, thereby requiring families to gain and share knowledge on their own. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to gain an understanding of what leads parents to develop advocacy strategies, and how parents view collaboration. Fourteen mothers of children who are deafblind were interviewed about the unique and essential perspectives that they have concerning IEP team meetings and collaboration. The following questions were posed:

RQ: What experiences lead parents of children who are deafblind to develop and use collaborative skills with their child’s IEP team?

The challenges parents experience falls into two distinct themes: (a) challenges associated with the deafblind population in schools and (b) challenges with the IEP process. Parent views on collaboration are also discussed. Educators who read this study will better understand the unique experiences of parents of children who are deafblind in IEP meetings.
Impact of neighbourhood walkability on weekly walking minutes among adults with visual impairments: A preliminary study
Authors: Keene M Ally , Haegele Justin A , Zhu Xihe
Published: September 2022

Weekly and consistent physical activity can help minimize the risk of preventable disease and improve mental health and cognitive function among adults. Despite these benefits, adults with visual impairments tend to not meet physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine how neighbourhood walk score (walkability) is associated with weekly walking minutes in adults with visual impairments. Participants were recruited from two visual impairment–related listservs in the United States. A total of 88 participants (aged 22–85 years; 78% female) were included. Participants completed an online survey including demographic, walking duration, and zip code questions. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine whether there were significant associations between walkability and weekly walking minutes. Walkability scores were not significantly related to walking minutes per week ( p = .84), but age was negatively associated with walking minutes per week (β = −.16), holding other factors constant. Neighbourhood walkability was not significantly associated with walking minutes per week among adults with visual impairments in this study. As these adults age, the amount of walking decreased. Future research in this line of inquiry should expand to include other variables that may influence the relationship between walkability and walking minutes per week and examine the barriers to physical activity among individuals with visual impairments.
(Dis)Playing Exotic Otherness in the Circus: The Bouglione Wild West Show
Authors: Gasche Malte , Prempain Laurence
Published: September 2022

In this article, the authors address the presence and societal impact of Romani people in the public spaces of the circus. The focus is on the French circus family Bouglione, originally Sinti from Italy, and their Wild West show performed in France and abroad from 1925 to 1934. As well as forming arenas for cultural transfer, circuses and similar exhibitions made entryways to exotic otherness. The remarkably successful exhibition brought the family both status and wealth, enabling the Bougliones to operate the Cirque d’Hiver (Winter Circus) in Paris, which continues to enjoy renown for having one of the most prestigious circus venues in the world. The authors’ contribution examines how the Romani family carefully followed social phenomena and used their Wild West show not only to respond to a general interest in exotic exhibits but also to satisfy a contemporary desire for an anti-bourgeois lifestyle. Although the Wild West Show represented a financial undertaking for the Bougliones, it also strengthened the family's societal security.
Interpretable deep learning for the prognosis of long-term functional outcome post-stroke using acute diffusion weighted imaging
Authors: Moulton Eric , Valabregue Romain , Piotin Michel , Marnat Gaultier , Saleme Suzana , Lapergue Bertrand , Lehericy Stephane , Clarencon Frederic , Rosso Charlotte
Published: September 2022

Advances in deep learning can be applied to acute stroke imaging to build powerful and explainable prediction models that could supersede traditionally used biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate the performance and interpretability of a deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) in predicting long-term functional outcome with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) acquired at day 1 post-stroke. Ischemic stroke patients (n = 322) were included from the ASTER and INSULINFARCT trials as well as the Pitié-Salpêtrière registry. We trained a CNN to predict long-term functional outcome assessed at 3 months with the modified Rankin Scale (dichotomized as good [mRS ≤ 2] vs. poor [mRS ≥ 3]) and compared its performance to two logistic regression models using lesion volume and ASPECTS. The CNN contained an attention mechanism, which allowed to visualize the areas of the brain that drove prediction. The deep learning model yielded a significantly higher area under the curve (0.83 95%CI [0.78–0.87]) than lesion volume (0.78 [0.73–0.83]) and ASPECTS (0.77 [0.71–0.83]) (p < 0.05). Setting all classifiers to the specificity as the deep learning model (i.e., 0.87 [0.82–0.92]), the CNN yielded a significantly higher sensitivity (0.67 [0.59–0.73]) than lesion volume (0.48 [0.40–0.56]) and ASPECTS (0.50 [0.41–0.58]) (p = 0.002). The attention mechanism revealed that the network learned to naturally attend to the lesion to predict outcome.
Cervical adenofibroma without clinical symptoms: report of a rare case
Authors: Li Bing-Bing , Zheng Yi-Hong , Chen Qiu-Yan , Guo Zhen-Qiang
Published: September 2022

Adenofibroma is an extremely rare benign biphasic tumour composed of glandular and fibrous tissues. It occurs more often in the endometrium but it can also occur in the cervix and extrauterine sites. This case report describes a 39-year-old asymptomatic woman with cervical adenofibroma. The patient was treated successfully with surgical removal of the tumour. As adenofibromas are very rare, the report is presented with a brief review of the literature.
Dynamics of Social Media Popularity of “Do It Yourself” Orthodontic Aligners: A YouTube Case Study
Authors: Barhate Uday Hemant , Sharan Jitendra , Jena Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2022

Objective

To have an understanding of the fact how the popularity of “do it yourself” (DIY) videos available on YouTube correlate with authorship, content, quality, reliability, and how they appeal to and influence the customers.

Materials and Methods

A new YouTube account was created, this was followed by a determination of the most commonly used keywords regarding DIY aligners by using “Google Trends.” The keywords were used to search the YouTube website. A total of 112 videos were assessed for various parameters, such as completeness of the content, reliability using a modified version of the DISCERN tool, and quality using a Global Quality Score (GQS). Out of 112 videos, 26 were rejected based on their relevance, duplication, videos without audio, and video language. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between the variables, authorship, popularity, and recommendations.

Results

The majority of the videos were uploaded by the laypeople (43%), followed by DIY aligner companies (38%), and dentists and orthodontists (16%). The content for most of the videos was poor (82%), with DISCERN reliability score of zero (65%), and GQS of 1 and 2 (poor to generally poor quality). The view of uploaded videos, view rate, and likes was in proportion to the quality of the videos, their popularity, and reliability. Further authors with a financial interest and poor quality, content, and less reliability of the videos usually recommended the DIY aligners. The reduced cost was one of the important factors for the customers to consider DIY aligner treatment.

Conclusion

YouTube videos on DIY aligners should not be considered a reliable source for the public in general who are looking for orthodontic treatment for correction of their dentofacial irregularities. The dental professional bodies and orthodontists should use social media platforms (YouTube) to increase awareness about the DIY aligners among the public.