bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AS A NEOLIBERAL PRACTICE OF CHINESE INFLUENCE IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
Authors: Parfinenko A.
Published: August 2021

The article reveals China's geostrategic interests in the Western Balkans. The paper highlights the main directions of Beijing's political and economic cooperation with the countries of the region, the impact of these processes on the foreign policy orientations of the Balkan countries. The focus is on assessing the international political potential of Chinese outbound tourism as a tool for neoliberal influence on the host destinations of the Western Balkans. The work consists of three interrelated parts. The first part, within the neoliberal paradigm, reveals the understanding of tourism as a factor of international political interaction and the establishment of "complex interdependence". For China, which generates the largest outbound tourist flow, these human communications provide the possibility of indirect influence on host destinations through the created economic dependence and the approval of "official tourist destinations."
The second part of the study highlights the Chinese approach to the Western Balkans. It is motivated by the implementation of a large-scale project of the New Silk Road "Belt and Road Initiative", designed to create a cross-border transport and logistics network to accelerate the delivery of Chinese goods to European markets. In the context of this project, the countries of the Western Balkans have become a geographical "entry point" for both land and sea corridors of the new Silk Road, which connect the markets of Europe and Asia.
The third part of the publication shows that China's international political and investment activity in the Western Balkans is based on a network of transnational social ties created under the auspices of the state. An appropriate place among them is given to tourist flows from China, whose communication strategies influence emotional and commercial involvement, as well as a positive perception of China in the region. It has been concluded that the intensification of tourist contacts and the related liberalization of mobility regimes serve as an important factor in strengthening the complex asymmetric interdependence of the Balkans with China. In the long term, this will strengthen Beijing's position in Europe, especially in the context of global competition with the United States.
CONSEQUENCES OF BREXIT FOR THE PROSPECTS OF THE UK-EU RELATIONS
Authors: Fesenko M. V. , Mukha V. V.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the main consequences of Brexit for socio-economic and political development of the UK and the EU. The issuesof British identity, security, migration crisis, as well as the financial and economic crisis have turned to be the key factors that have, in some ways, led to the Brexit referendum and its results. Brexit means a crisis of a single European identity, European integrity and unity. The United Kingdom joined the EEC and then the EU on special terms, which it consistently defended in the future, staying away from most of integration processes. Brexit has political and socio-economic consequences for the development of both the UK and the EU. Adropin GDP and in the pound sterlingrate, rising unemployment, the outflow of migrants, real estate crashmay be the possible consequences of Brexit. A further fragmentation within Britain itself can also be the consequence of Brexit. In London today, there are many contradictions in relations with Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and the unity of the autonomous regions of Great Britain may be threatened by the strengthening of nationalist movement there.Today, Brexit is considered to be an irrational event that occurred due to a combination of factors and circumstances. Britain is the only country wherethe ruling party raised the question of EU membership. In other EU countries, similar proposals do not come from the majority parties, but from the semi-marginal far-right ones. Brexit has revealed a deep rift in British society on regional, age, social, educational and in general on a class basis. Negotiations on the terms of Brexit were tough and the possibility of Brexit without an agreement was not ruled out.With the exit of the UK, the EU loses its second union economy and the EU budget revenues willbe significantly reduced. The rupture of economic ties with the UK will have a mirror effect on EU countries and their businesses.
Long-term broncocele anamnesis, triggered by typical carcinoid
Authors: Prusakova Ksenia V. , Gavrilov Pavel V.
Published: August 2021

The paper presents a case of a single bronchocele (bronchogenic retention cyst) caused by a typical carcinoid that was observed for a long time. During the initial complex examination, including computed tomography with intravenous contrast, fibrobronchoscopy, and immunological and bacteriological examinations of tuberculosis, there were no changes for the oncological and infectious nature. The changes were interpreted as the result of a postponed nonspecific inflammatory process. Most of them were monitored using chest X-ray and the changes were stable. After 15 years, a control chest X-ray revealed an increase in the size of the compaction in the lung and the appearance of a mass with calcification in the medial sections of the compaction zone. Additional examination, including computed tomography with biopsy, determined that the obstruction of the bronchus was caused by a neoplasm [according to histological examination (typical carcinoid)]. It should be noted that the initial detection of negative study results requires oncological alertness and periodic examinations in dynamics.
Stability of the Fault Systems That Host-Induced Earthquakes in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and Southeast New Mexico
Authors: Hennings Peter , Dvory Noam , Horne Elizabeth , Li Peng , Savvaidis Alexandros , Zoback Mark
Published: August 2021

The Delaware basin of west Texas and southeast New Mexico has experienced elevated earthquake rates linked spatiotemporally to unconventional petroleum operations. Limited knowledge of subsurface faults, the in situ geomechanical state, and the exact way in which petroleum operations have affected pore pressure (Pp) and stress state at depth makes causative assessment difficult, and the actions required for mitigation uncertain. To advance both goals, we integrate comprehensive regional fault interpretations, deterministic fault-slip potential (DFSP), and multiple earthquake catalogs to assess specifically how faults of two systems—deeper basement-rooted (BR) and shallow normal (SN)—can be made to slip as Pp is elevated. In their natural state, the overall population faults in both the systems have relatively stable DFSP, which explains the low earthquake rate prior to human inducement. BR faults with naturally unstable DFSP and associated earthquake sequences are few but include the Culberson–Mentone earthquake zone, which is near areas of wastewater injection into strata above basement. As a system, the SN faults in the southcentral Delaware basin are uniformly susceptible to slip with small increases in Pp. Many earthquakes sequences have occurred along these shallow faults in association with elevated Pp from shallow wastewater injection and hydraulic fracturing. Our new maps and methods can be used to better plan and regulate petroleum operations to avoid fault rupture.
BID América: Vol. 25, no. 5, mayo 1998
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

BID América cubre las tendencias del desarrollo económico y social de América Latina y el Caribe y las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Se publica 10 veces al año en castellano e inglés.
Correo del BID: Vol. 2, no. 1, enero 1964
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

Correo del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
El futuro del trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿cómo afecta el COVID-19 a los niveles de desigualdad?
Authors: Cruz-Aguayo Yyannu , Fajardo Johanna , Hernández Montenegro Daniel , Fuertes Nicolás
Published: August 2021

Desde la década de los noventa, los ingresos de los trabajadores de América Latina y el Caribe se han incrementado. Sin embargo, seguimos siendo una de las regiones más desiguales del mundo, lo que limita el desarrollo y el crecimiento de nuestros países. Esta octava entrega de la serie “El futuro del trabajo en América Latina y el Caribe” analiza la tendencia de la desigualdad en los ingresos laborales y cómo se evidencia a partir de diferentes dimensiones del mercado laboral. Además, presenta un análisis prospectivo sobre cómo los choques externos inesperados (como la pandemia del COVID-19) afectan los ingresos de los trabajadores y repercuten en la pobreza y la desigualdad. Entre otras conclusiones, se destaca que la crisis podría aumentar la incidencia de pobreza entre un 25% y un 33%, mientras que la distribución de los ingresos podría empeorar, aumentando el coeficiente de Gini de 0,473 a 0,498 en los ingresos promedio de la región. Aquellas personas que ya estaban en situaciones de vulnerabilidad antes de la pandemia son las más afectadas, especialmente los trabajadores informales, independientes y no remunerados y aquellos que trabajan en empresas pequeñas y en sectores que se vieron restringidos por las medidas de confinamiento, como el comercio, los servicios y la construcción. La situación no es fácil. La publicación destaca que los retos para el futuro incluyen una recuperación económica con un enfoque inclusivo, en donde se favorezca la creación de empleo formal, la protección social y la ampliación de programas sociales. La pandemia representa un reto para los países de la región, pero implica también una oportunidad para impulsar reformas en el mercado laboral y en las condiciones de los trabajadores y los hogares.
Effect of Primary Molar Caries on Caries Development in the Adjacent Permanent First Molars
Authors: Jafari Ahmad , Aslani Saideh , Zangooei Mahboobeh , Hessari Hossein , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Kargar Mojgan , Mehran Majid
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Dental caries is among the most common chronic diseases of the childhood. This study sought to assess the effect of caries experience in primary molars on caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 413 students aged 7 and 8 years. Clinical dental examination was performed by two independent examiners using disposable dental instruments and a head light. Dental caries was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for all four permanent first molars and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index for the primary molars. Data were analyzed using the Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test.
Results: When primary first molars were sound, 22.9% of the permanent first molars of the same quadrant were sound. When primary second molars were sound, 25.7% of the adjacent permanent first molars were sound. A carious primary second molar had a stronger correlation with development of dentin caries in the adjacent permanent first molar than a carious primary first molar (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The current results confirmed that carious primary molars can significantly affect caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars, and a carious primary second molar has a significantly greater effect than a carious primary first molar in this respect. Thus, special attention should be paid to oral hygiene and proper tooth brushing of primary molars, particularly second molars.
Vegetable Grafting: Methods, Uses and Opportunities for Nepal: A Review
Authors: Kharal S. , Shrestha A.K. , Giri H.N. , Pandey S.
Published: August 2021

Grafted vegetable seedlings have been used from the early 20th century. This technique has been utilized extensively in East Asia and the European countries where it has developed as a multimillion-dollar industry. The increase in land area under protected cultivation, intensive use of land, scarcity of production resources and changing climate leading to unpredictable weather has caused a rapid increase in the use of grafted vegetables. However, in Nepal, where the productivity of vegetable crops is quite low and the breeding activities are inadequate, use of grafted vegetables is still unexploited. Therefore, this technique can be an important intervention to improve the overall production system of Solanaceous and Cucurbitaceous vegetables. Methods of vegetable grafting, their current uses, research carried out in Nepal and the possible opportunities are discussed in this review paper. Cleft, splice, tongue approach, hole- insertion and pin grafting are the methods currently in use. Grafting can be used to overcome the problems caused by various soil borne disease and nematodes and abiotic stresses like, low and high temperature stress, water stress, salinity, metal and organic pollutants while increasing the yield and extending crop duration in vegetable production. In Nepal, few research have been carried out on vegetable grafting with majority of them on assessment of tolerance to soil borne diseases. Utilization of this technique in Nepalese conditions provide ample opportunities for researchers and academicians to conduct researches and for breeding companies to develop resistant rootstocks. By implementing this method, vegetable industry can improve the overall yield, its quality and reduce hindrances in production.
Jeevamrut and Panchagavya’s Consequences on Growth, Quality and Productivity of Organically Grown Crops: A Review
Authors: . Somdutt , Bhadu Karan , Rathore R.S. , Shekhawat P.S.
Published: August 2021

Organic farming and organically produced food products are gaining popularity very rapidly in India and world. To trounce the reliance on chemical fertilizers for crop production liquid organic bio-fertilizers and manures are very excellent and cheap sources on the earth because of easy availability and good source of nutrients. Among these Jeevamrut, Beejamrut and panchagavya are the one of the best, which contains almost essential plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese etc.), enzymes (acid phosphatise, alkaline phosphatise, dehydrogenase etc.) and microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, free living nitrogen fixers and phosphorus solubilising organisms), which directly enhances plant metabolism resulting better growth and development. Jeevamrut is well thought-out to be a brilliant source of natural carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and lot of other micro nutrients required for the crops and popularly used as means of organic farming. Panchagavya was used in conventional Hindu rituals which is prepared by mixing five ingredients viz., cow dung, urine, milk, curd and ghee. Jeevamrut and Panchagavya have potential to play the role of promoting growth and provide immunity in plant system. In this manuscript various effects of applications of Jeevamrut and Panchagavya on crops grown in organic farming and their consequences will be discussed.
Riske Maruz Değer ve Borsa İstanbul’da İşlem Gören Bazı Enerji Sektörü Hisse Senetleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama
Authors: Çemrek Fatih , Bitirgen Tuğba
Published: August 2021

Riske Maruz Değer (RMD), yatırım yapılan portföylerin elde tutma süresi adı verilen süre sonunda beklenilen olası kaybını belirlemek amacıyla yapılan hesaplamalardır. RMD ayrıca, olası portföy kayıplarının basit istatistiksel bir ölçüsü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Volatilite, belirli bir zaman aralığı içerisinde finansal getirilerde yaşanan oynaklığı ifade etmektedir ve Riske Maruz Değer hesaplamalarında büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, BIST 50 ve BIST 100 şirketleri içerisinde bulunan ve enerji sektöründe yer alan üç şirket için 2008-2018/05 dönemi için aylık kapanış fiyatları incelenmiş ve volatilite tahmin yöntemlerinden en uygun model bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Analizde karşılaştırılan dört farklı model içinden en uygun volatilite modeli GARCH(1,1) olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında ise Riske Maruz Değer yaklaşımlarından Tarihi Simülasyon yöntemi ile Riske Maruz Değer elde edilmiştir.
Determination Essential and Toxic Metals in Bitter, Milk and White Chocolate Samples from Eight Different Manufacturers
Authors: Beyhan Kevser , Trak Diğdem , Kabak Burcu , Arslan Yasin
Published: August 2021

Chocolate is consumed by people of all ages in every part of society. Chocolate is a very rich source of many essential metals for the body but it also may involve toxic metals. Therefore, the accurate and precise method should be selected and applied to determine the essential and toxic metals in the chocolate samples. In present study, Na, K, Mg (II), Ca(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Pb(II) and Ni(II) metals were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in 24 different chocolate samples of 3 different types including 8 different brands of bitter, milk and white. The microwave-assisted digestion system was also used for the chocolate samples digestions. All results were given at 95% of confidence level. In addition, the accuracy of the method was also investigated by the analysis of a standard reference material (spinach leaves, NIST-1570a).
História e contradições na educação da pessoa com deficiência
Authors: Pertile Eliane Brunetto , Mori Nerli Nonato Ribeiro
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo discute a historicidade da educação da pessoa com deficiência. Tivemos o objetivo de compreender o transcorrer histórico que culminou nas possibilidades atualmente constituídas, considerando que os fatos passados contribuem para analisar os avanços e os limites existentes nas propostas atuais. Assim, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica e abordamos autores como Bueno (2004), Bianchetti (1998), Jannuzzi (1997) e Mazzotta (2005), entre outros. Constatamos que: historicamente houve ênfase na incapacidade e na anormalidade para legitimar a exclusão da pessoa com deficiência; embora apresente maiores possibilidade do que tivemos na maior parte da história, a Educação Especial na atualidade é marcada por contradições que estão relacionadas à educação para a classe trabalhadora; o Atendimento Educacional Especializado é representativo de avanços, mas também expressa os limites do nosso tempo em estabelecer educação pública de qualidade para todos.
Adaptación, validación y puntos de corte del Cuestionario de edades y etapas-3ra edición (ASQ-3) en español, en una zona urbana de Lima-Perú.
Authors: Gudiel-Hermoza Adriel , Gudiel-Hermoza Jorge , Guillén-Pinto Daniel
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Adaptar y determinar la confiabilidad, validez y puntos de corte de la versión en español del Cuestionario de edades y etapas tercera edición (ASQ-3), un instrumento de vigilancia y tamizaje del desarrollo psicomotor, en una población urbana de la zona norte de Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos: Mediante muestreo por conveniencia, se aplicaron formas del cuestionario ASQ-3 a padres de niños entre 1 a 66 meses de edad, en un entorno de consulta ambulatoria.  Resultados: Se aplicó un total de 5,830 cuestionarios correspondientes a 3,570 niños, 2,667 (45,7 %) de los cuales contaban entre 14 y 36 meses de edad. La consistencia interna general y por cada área del desarrollo, evaluadas mediante el Índice alfa ordinal, oscilaron entre 0,70 - 0,94. El Índice de validez de contenido por el criterio de jueces, medido con el método Lawshe, la V de Aiken o ambos, fue válido para la mayoría de los cuestionarios. La correlación biserial ítem-test fue > 0,30 en la mayoría de los ítems (p< 0,010). El Índice error medio cuadrático de aproximación (RMSEA) del análisis factorial fue < 0.10, puntualizando un nivel adecuado para las cinco áreas de evaluación del ASQ-3. Los puntos de corte fueron determinados por intervalos de edad y área. Conclusiones: La versión en español del ASQ-3 adaptada a la población del estudio demostró ser un instrumento confiable y válido para la vigilancia y tamizaje del desarrollo psicomotor de niños menores de 5 años de edad en un entorno urbano de consulta ambulatoria en Lima, Perú.
Descriptive literature review of human resource information systems (HRIS) adoption issues in the health sector, South Africa
Authors: Iwu Chux Gervase , Udekwe Emmanuel , De la Harpe Andre Charles , Daramola Justin Olawande
Published: August 2021

No organisation is ever static. For several reasons, each organisation reviews its aims and objectives from time to time. These reasons may be internally or externally driven. They could also be politically, economically and or socially motivated. Research has established that most of the attempts at bringing about change are based on the needs of employees and customers. Essentially, for the purposes of better management of employees and customers, human resource information systems (HRIS) are touted as the panacea for effective and efficient health sector service delivery. Focusing on South Africa, this paper used the descriptive literature review method to determine HRIS adoption issues within the health sector of South Africa. As an important sector in any growing economy, the health sector in our view benefits from a constant review of its mission. Within the context of South Africa, substantial emphasis is yet to be placed on health sector effectiveness. Elsewhere, in other regions and continents, research on HRIS adoption within the health sector suggests that its adoption is problematic but useful. The South African health sector is yet to fully embrace this technology and as a result is suffering from employee dissatisfaction, brain drain, and general maladministration. Investment in HRIS research is therefore instructive especially within the context of South Africa. What we have found through this review is that investing in HRIS is crucial; however, it requires thorough consideration for its funding, infrastructural support, and skilled manpower among others.
Green Job Opportunities Through the Curriculum and Community Enterprise for Restoration Science in New York City
Authors: Birney Lauren , McNamara Denise M.
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the current understanding of the green economy movement and the critical role that education plays in attracting a viable workforce for this relatively new crusade. By connecting youth with the importance of environmental concerns in their community, tangible opportunities for sustainable change are created. By giving human agency to some of the most marginalized populations in New York City, the opportunity to experience environmental challenges in the community in which they live exposes these students to a plethora of enriching and rewarding employment opportunities. By combining the stewardship of their environment with formal and informal education, the Curriculum and Community Enterprise for Restoration Science in New York City is presenting multiple pathways for employment and educational opportunities in the green economy.
Evolution and Diversification of the Going Concern Uncertainties Disclosed in the Auditor’s Report
Authors:   West University of Timisoara, Romania, HATEGAN Camelia-Daniela , IMBRESCU Carmen-Mihaela ,   West University of Timisoara, Romania
Published: August 2021

The going concern of an entity's activity is a fundamental accounting principle. The practical application of this principle has accounting, legal and financial implications. From an accounting point of view, the management of the entities shall be responsible for drawing up the financial statements in accordance with this principle. From a legal perspective, entities that go into liquidation are no longer obliged to respect the going concern principle. When auditing financial statements, auditors shall be responsible for assessing the adequacy of compliance with the principle of going concern and for including the appropriate references in their report. The objective of the paper is to analyse the reasons for including in the auditors' report the paragraph on going concern uncertainties, in the light of their evolution over time, their frequency and diversification. The sample included 120 companies listed on European stock exchanges, included in the main stock indexes for the period 2010-2020. The data was gathered from reports published by auditors that were included in the Audit Analytics database. The results showed that there was an average trend of 20 reported situations per year, but with a significant increase over the last two years analysed mainly due to the situations arising from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The most common reasons were liquidity risk, substantial liabilities and the refinancing of activities. In recent years there has been a diversification of reasons, but with a reduced frequency, such as the working capital, the decrease in stockholder equity and competitor threat. Reporting on going concern issues is of particular importance so that increasing transparency in the publication of this information can contribute to a higher degree of investor confidence in the entities' financial statements.
Auricular Acupressure Combined with Self-Help Intervention for Treating Chronic Tinnitus: A Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Schlee Winfried , Simões Jorge , Pryss Rüdiger
Published: August 2021

Tinnitus is a phantom sound perception in the ears or head and can arise from many different medical disorders. Currently, there is no standard treatment for tinnitus that reliably reduces tinnitus. Individual patients reported that acupressure at various points around the ear can help to reduce tinnitus, which was investigated here. With this longitudinal observational study, we report a systematic evaluation of auricular acupressure on 39 tinnitus sufferers, combined with a self-help smartphone app. The participants were asked to report about tinnitus, stress, mood, neck and jaw muscle tensions twice a day using an ecological momentary assessment study design for six weeks. On average, 123.6 questionnaires per person were provided and used for statistical analysis. The treatment responses of the participants were heterogeneous. On average, we ob-served significant negative trends for tinnitus loudness (Cohen’s d effect size: -.861), tinnitus dis-tress (d = -.478), stress (d = -.675), and tensions in the neck muscles (d = -.356). Comparison with a matched control group revealed significant improvements for tinnitus loudness (p = .027) and self-reported stress level (p = .003). The positive results of the observational study motivate fur-ther research including a randomized clinical trial and long-term assessment of the clinical im-provement.
Communicative Congruence and Communicative Dysphoria: A Theory of Communication, Personality, and Identity
Authors: Welch Brett , Helou Leah
Published: August 2021

Purpose: We present a theoretical framework that formalizes and defines the constructs of communicative congruence and communicative dysphoria that is rooted within a comprehensive and mechanistic theory of personality. Background: Voice therapists have likely encountered a patient who states that a therapeutic target voice “isn’t me.” The ability to accurately convey a person’s sense of self, or identity, through their voice, speech, and communication behaviors seems to have high relevance to both patients and clinicians alike. However, to date, we lack a mechanistic theoretical framework through which to understand and interrogate the phenomenon of congruence between one’s communication behaviors and their sense of self. Results: We review the initial notion of congruence, first proposed by Carl Rogers. We then review several theories on selfhood, identity, and personality. After reviewing these theories, we explain how our proposed constructs fit within our chosen theory, the Cybernetic Big Five Theory of Personality. We then discuss similarities and differences to a similarly named construct, the Vocal Congruence Scale. Next, we review how these constructs may come to bear on an existing theory relevant to voice therapy, the Trans Theoretical Model of Health Behavior Change. Finally, we state testable hypotheses for future exploration, which we hope will establish a foundation for future investigations into communicative congruence. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the present paper is the first to explicitly define communicative congruence and communicative dysphoria. We embed these constructs within a comprehensive and mechanistic theory of personality and, in doing so, hope to provide a rigorous and comprehensive theoretical framework that will allow us to test and better understand these proposed constructs.
Complete Assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR Spectra of Carthamin Potassium Salt Isolated from Carthamus Tinctorius L.
Authors: Sasaki Maiko , Takahashi Keiko
Published: August 2021

Carthamin potassium salt isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L. was purified by an improved traditional Japanese method, without using column chromatography. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of the pure product were fully assigned using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, while the high purity of the potassium salt and deprotonation at the 3’ position of carthamin were confirmed by atomic adsorption spectroscopy and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Why IEEE Xplore Matters for Research Trend Analysis in the Energy Sector
Authors: Chigarev Boris
Published: August 2021

The article is aimed at a brief comparison and analysis of the results of queries to IEEE Xplore and the leading abstract databases Scopus and Web of Science to identify research trends. Some errors in the Author Keywords in Web of Science have been revealed. Therefore, a more detailed analysis was conducted by comparing different types of key terms for IEEE Xplore and Scopus platforms only. I used IEEE Access journal metadata as indexed on both platforms. The sample match for IEEE Xplore and Scopus was achieved by comparing DOI. The IEEE Xplore metadata contains more types of key terms, which provides an advantage in analyzing research trends. Using NSPEC Controlled Terms from expert-compiled vocabulary provides a more stable data, which gives an advantage when considering the change of terms over time. Apriori, an algorithm for finding association rules, has been used to compare co-occurrence of terms for a more detailed description of sample subjects on both platforms. VOSviewer was used to analyze trends in scientific research based on IEEE Xplore data. The 2011-2021 ten-year period was divided into two sub-intervals for comparing the occurrence of Author Keywords, IEEE Terms, and NSPEC Controlled Terms. Using the IEEE conference proceedings bibliometric data, I illustrated the importance of context in estimating the rate of growth of publishing activity on a topic of interest.
Combination of Xylan Depolymerizing and Debranching Enzymes Improves Digestion, Growth Performance and Intestinal Volatile Fatty Acid Profile of Piglets
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Zheng Dawen , Zhang Zhenzhen , Cao Qingyun , Ye Hui , Zhang Changming , Dong Zemin , Feng Dingyuan , Zuo Jianjun
Published: August 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of xylan depolymerizing enzyme namely endo-xylanase (Xyn) combined with debranching enzymes namely arabinofuranosidase (Afd) and feruloyl esterase (FE) on digestion, growth performance and intestinal volatile fatty acid profile of piglets. The in vitro experiments were firstly conducted to examine the enzymological properties of Xyn, Afd and FE, the synergy among these enzymes, together with the effect of combination of these enzymes on digestion of piglet diet. The in vivo experiment was then implemented by allocating 270 35-d-old postweaning piglets into 3 treatment groups: control group, Xyn group and (Xyn+Afd+FE) group. Each group had 6 replicates (15 piglets/replicate). The results revealed a satisfying thermostability and pH stability of Xyn, Afd and FE. Combination of Xyn, Afd and FE had a superiority (P < 0.05) over Xyn alone and its combination with Afd or FE in promoting degradation of different bran fibers rich in arabinoxylan (Abx). Treatment with combination of Xyn, Afd and FE had advantages over Xyn alone to induce increasing trends (P < 0.10) of in vitro digestibility of dietary nutrients (dry matter, crude protein, crude ash and gross energy) and piglet growth performance (average daily gain, final body weight and feed efficiency), concurrent with a reduction (P < 0.05) of diarrhea rate and increases (P < 0.05) in cecal acetic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids concentrations as well as pH value of piglets. Collectively, combination of Xyn, Afd and FE was efficient in benefiting degradation of Abx in brans, as well as improving digestion, growth performance and intestinal volatile fatty acid profile of piglets.
The Finite Size Lyapunov Exponent and the Finite Amplitude Growth Rate
Authors: Meunier Thomas , LaCasce J.H.
Published: August 2021

The Finite size Lyapunov exponent (FSLE) has been used extensively since the late 1990’s to diagnose turbulent regimes from Lagrangian experiments and to detect Lagrangian coherent structures in geophysical flows and two-dimensional turbulence. Historically, the FSLE was defined in terms of its computational method rather than via a mathematical formulation, and the behavior of the FSLE in the turbulent inertial ranges is based primarily on scaling arguments. Here we propose an exact definition of the FSLE based on conditional averaging of the finite amplitude growth rate (FAGR) of the particle pair separation. With this new definition, we show that the FSLE is a close proxy for the inverse structural time, a concept introduced a decade before the FSLE. The (in)dependence of the FSLE on initial conditions is also discussed, as well as the links between the FAGR and other relevant Lagrangian metrics, such as the finite time Lyapunov exponent and the second order velocity structure function.
The EcoMobileum: Experiencing the World of Environmentally Friendly Urban Mobility
Authors: Schwedes Oliver , Otto-Zimmermann Konrad
Published: August 2021

With its sights set on sustainable development, transport policy finds itself confronted with the challenge of convincing people to abandon the current path of growth and instead use small, slower vehicles with a reduced range in the future. The problem with this goal is that people's mental structures are shaped by the car ensconced in their heads. Thinking in other terms hardly seems possible; moreover, many of the products classified as vehicles, but smaller in scale than the "car" and that already exist, remain unknown, nor can they be tried out - they are quite literally nowhere to be seen. In light of this situation, the German Federal Environmental Foundation has commissioned a feasibility study to explore the establishment of a World of Experience (Erlebniswelt) of sustainable urban mobility - the EcoMobileum®. Here, the aim is to open up the horizons of a new culture of mobility in order to get people excited about the transformation of mobility.
A National Study on Protecting Infrastructure and Public Buildings against Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge
Authors: Chinowsky Paul , Helman Jacob
Published: August 2021

The national study analyzes sea level rise (SLR) impacts based on 36 different SLR and storm surge scenarios across 5.7 million geographic locations and 3 time periods. Taking an approach based on engineering design guidelines and current cost estimates, the study details projected cost impacts for states, counties, and cities. These impacts are presented from multiple perspectives including total cost, cost per-capita, and cost per-square mile. The purpose of the study is to identify specific locations where infrastructure is vulnerable to rising sea levels. The study finds that Sea Level Rise (SLR) and minimal storm surge is a $400 billion threat to the United States by 2040 that includes a need for at least 50,000 miles of protective barriers. The research is limited in its scope to protecting coastal infrastructure with sea walls. Additional methods exist and may be appropriate in individual situations. The study is original in that it is a national effort to identify infrastructure that is vulnerable as well as the cost associated with protecting this infrastructure.
Legionella spp. Colonization in Water Systems of Hotels Linked with Travel-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease
Authors: Papadakis Antonios , Keramarou Maria , Chochlakis Dimosthenis , Sandalakis Vassilios , Mouchtouri Varvara , Psaroulaki Anna
Published: August 2021

Hotel water systems colonized with Legionella spp. have been the source of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease and cases, clusters or outbreaks continue to be reported worldwide each year. A total of 132 hotels linked with travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, as reported through the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network, were inspected and tested for Legionella spp. during 2000–2019 by the public health authorities of the island of Crete (Greece). A total of 3,311 samples were collected: 1,885 (56.93%) from cold water supply systems, 1,387 (41.89%) from hot water supply systems, 37 (1.12%) were swab samples and two (0.06%) were soil. Of those, 685 (20.69%), were collected from 83 (62.89%) hotels, testing positive (≥ 50CFU/L) for Legionella pneumophila) serogroups 1-10, 12-14 and non-pneumophila species (L. anisa, L. erythra, L. tusconensis, L. taurinensis, L. birminghamensis, L. rubrilucens, L. londiniesis, L. oakridgensis, L. santicrusis, L. brunensis, L. maceacherii). The most frequently isolated L. pneumophila serogroups were 1 (27.92%) and 3 (17.08%). Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from hot water supply systems (25.96%) versus cold water systems (16.98%) and swab samples (13.51%). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 (p < 0.0001) was calculated for hot water temperature <55 °C (R.R.: 4.43), chlorine concentrations <0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 2.69), star rating <4 (R.R.: 1.73) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 1.57).
Orações relativas do português brasileiro: estruturas cortadoras e resumptivas
Authors: Almeida Jaqueline Marinho Pinheiro de , Salles Heloisa Lima
Published: August 2021

Este estudo investiga as orações relativas cortadoras e resumptivas do português brasileiro levando em conta as análises propostas em Kenedy (2002) e Kato e Nunes (2009) e aplicando-as a dados reais de fala. A discussão aponta a análise de Kato e Nunes (2009), em que a oração relativa é formada a partir de uma estrutura de deslocamento à esquerda, como mais adequada por ser capaz de explicar as estruturas resumptivas com sintagmas nominais plenos encontradas no corpus. Indica também um caminho para o aprofundamento da investigação, dentro da Teoria Gerativa, da relativização de adjuntos com estratégia cortadora.
A Teoria das Operações Enunciativas na produção textual: reescritas de conto de fadas por alunos do Ensino Fundamental I
Authors: Mantovani Marlene Aparecida Viscardi , Onofre Marilia Blundi
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a reescrita do conto de fadas “Chapeuzinho Vermelho” produzida por alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental I de modo a levantar e descrever as operações enunciativas acionadas especificamente como estratégia de conclusão de narrativa. Os alunos encontram-se no processo de aquisição da língua escrita e, por isso, fundamentamo-nos nos conceitos teóricos defendidos pela Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas – TOPE – do linguista Antoine Culioli. A escolha pela Teoria Enunciativa justifica-se pelo fato de a considerarmos um referencial teórico fundamental para o desenvolvimento do ensino-aprendizagem de língua e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento linguístico-cognitivo do aluno.
Michaelis: um olhar sobre quatro dicionários escolares bilíngues
Authors: Bertonha Fábio Henrique de Carvalho , Zavaglia Claudia
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, comparamos algumas palavras-entrada, no que diz respeito a seus equivalentes tradutórios, em quatro dicionários escolares bilíngues impressos (português-francês/espanhol/inglês/italiano) produzidos pelo grupo Michaelis. Com base em Humblé (2005), Bevilacqua (2006), Schmitz (2008), Rios e Xatara (2009) e seus preceitos para a Lexicografia Bilíngue (LB), objetiva-se avaliar a descrição dessas lexias a fim de contrastá-las, analisá-las e verificar as informações constantes de suas microestruturas em relação a contextualizações e equivalências, para a produção e compreensão dos consulentes. Resulta que esses repertórios lexicográficos parecem ser melhores do que muitas vezes se pressupunha, embora seja provável uma tendência para a não existência de uma política de padronização por cada equipe de lexicógrafos na feitura dos verbetes.
Os verbos “lembrar(-se)” e “esquecer(-se)”: um estudo variacionista
Authors: Santos Kátia Roseane Cortez dos
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a variação na regência dos verbos “lembrar(-se)” e “esquecer(-se)”, considerando-se duas variantes: a forma pronominal e a forma não pronominal. Para tanto, utilizou-se a Sociolinguística Variacionista como fundamento teórico-metodológico e o Corpus D&G e o banco de dados Iboruna como universo de coleta de dados, além do pacote estatístico Goldvarb para sistematização quantitativa das ocorrências. Os resultados apontam uma baixa frequência de uso da forma pronominal dos verbos em todas as variáveis extralinguísticas selecionadas (localidade, gênero, grau de escolaridade, modalidade da língua e tipo de texto), o que indica que o uso da variante não pronominal não é alvo de estigmatização. Além disso, constatou-se que os verbos sob análise não apresentam o mesmo comportamento no que diz respeito à variante não pronominal, com maior incidência de “esquecer(-se)” como verbo transitivo direto e de “lembrar(-se)” como verbo transitivo indireto.
A díade formação-atuação do tradutor-intérprete de Libras para o contexto educacional
Authors: Giamlourenço Priscila Regina Gonçalves de Melo , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
Published: August 2021

Responsável por tornar acessível e inteligível a comunicação entre surdos e ouvintes, ao tradutor-intérprete de Libras que atua no contexto educacional se pressupõem saberes e conhecimentos plurais haja vista a atuação ocorrer em áreas distintas e atuar na interface entre aspectos relativos aos processos tradutórios e de ensino e aprendizagem. A partir de um estudo de revisão de literatura, verifica-se que a formação continuada pode ser uma alternativa de encontro e espaço de debates e reflexões que sinalizam e consolidam as necessidades formativas que surgem da prática, das relações e dos processos tradutórios. A formação pode ainda ampliar os modos de percepção do profissional, além de favorecer conhecimentos específicos das áreas – da educação de surdos, das línguas e da educação inclusiva – também consciência do papel nesse contexto de atuação em que participa das relações pedagógicas ante os pressupostos e demandas relativas à inclusão educacional dos alunos surdos.
Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade Influences ACE2 in Human Type II Pneumocytes
Authors: Silva Mauro G , Falcoff Nora L , Corradi Gerardo C , Alfie José , Seguel Rolando F. , Tabaj Gabriela , Iglesias Laura , Nuñez Myriam , Guman Gabriela R. , Gironacci Mariela M.
Published: August 2021

Aims. In addition to its enzymatic function counterbalancing the pressor arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 acts as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Viral fusion and cellular entry require ACE2 and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Some evidence in tissue animals showed that RAS blockade by either ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or type 1 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) influence ACE2, though evidence in human lungs is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in type II pneumocytes, the key cells that maintain lung homeostasis, present in lung parenchymal of ACEI/ARB-treated subjects compared to untreated control subjects. Methods and Results. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of ACE2-expressing type II pneumocytes were not different between male and female. We found a significant interaction between ACEI/ARB treatment and smoking on ACE2-expressing type II pneumocytes (P = 0.026). Subjects with a positive history of smoking and ACEI/ARB treatment contained higher number of ACE2-expressing type II pneumocytes. Furthermore, ACE2 protein content correlated positively with smoking habits and age (P = 0.05). On the other hand, the percentage of TMPRSS2-expressing type II pneumocytes were higher in males than females (P = 0.026) and in subjects under 60 years of age (P = 0.04) and not significantly influenced by ACEI/ARB treatment (p=0.06). There was a positive association of TMPRSS2 protein content with age (P = 0.001) and smoking (P = 0.039) in ACEI/ARB-treated subjects with high TMPRSS2 protein levels most evident in ACEI/ARB-treated older adults and smokers. Conclusions. We conclude that ACEI/ARB treatment influences human lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 but this effect depends on the age and smoking habits of the subject.
A Rare Metastatic Site for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Thyroidal Metastasis
Authors: Karakaya Fatih , Bektas Mehmet
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma into the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence.CaseA 43 years old female patient presented herself at the emergency department with abdominal pain and recurrent and migratory deep venous thrombosis. The abdominal computed tomography revealed intraabdominal multiple lymphadenopathy of different sizes and there was not seen ant lesion in the pancreas. CA 19.9 level was found very high (> 2016 u/ml ; reference 0–35).EUS was performed with linear echoendoscope and 30 × 28 mm solid lesion was identified in the head of pancreas. EUS-FNA was done and cytppathology resut was reported adenocarcinoma. The complaint of the patient was pain infront of the neck after the admission of the hospital.On the physical examination we detected tenderness and stiffness on the thyroid gland. The different sizes of multiple nodular formations were reported by thysoid US. A subsequent PET/CT scan was performed and it revealed hypodense pathological uptake on the thyroid gland.A ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed and cytopahological result reported metastasis.ConclusionNewly developed goiter symptoms or thyroid nodules in patients with an underlying malignancy should be assessed and investigated in details. Metastasis should be ruled out by a fine needle biopsy.
Changes in Spatial Distribution of Bryophytes under CMIP6 Future Projections on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wen Amin , Wu Tonghua , Zhu Xiaofan , Li Ren , Wu Xiaodong , Chen Jie , Qiao Yongping , Ni Jie , Ma Wensi , Li Xiangfei , Shang Chenpeng
Published: August 2021

Bryophytes play important roles in ecosystem due to their extensive geographical coverage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). While there are few studies attributing the potential distribution and landscape changes on the QTP in response to climate change. Based on climate data averaged of nine global climate models (GCMs) for shared socio-economic pathways SSP2-4.5 under current (the years 1970–2000) and future climate scenarios (the years 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, 2081–2100), and other environmental variables, this study has applied the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to assess the potential impact of climate change on the distribution of Bryophytes on the QTP. The key environmental factors which determined Bryophytes’s habitats and range shifts were also examined. The results showed that Bryophytes occupied about 9.12 × 105 km2 (35.43% of total QTP) at present, mainly accumulating in non-permafrost regions of southeast (SE) QTP. Niche suitability of the Bryophytes was dominated by soil moisture, ultraviolet-B radiation seasonality, temperature seasonality and precipitation of the coldest quarter. The occupied habitats of Bryophytes under future climate scenarios generally increased migrating towards Midwest and relatively higher elevation regions of QTP, where dedicated overall surface air warming and moistening, solar dimming. Additionally, the confusion matrix showed that most parts of the gained occupied habitats under future climate scenarios were low suitable habitats, and small parts for high suitable habitats, however reduced for the medium suitable habitats.