bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Faber Polynomial based Propagators via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Plotnikov Wladimir , Inci Bernd Levent , Schulz Dirk
Published: October 2024

The focus of this research lies on the extrapolation of the time dependent Faber polynomial based propagator applied on Maxwell’s equations with the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition approach. In particular, when investigating a system in the application area of THz-technology or nanophotonics it is common to have geometries, which require an extraordinary fine spatial resolution. Unfortunately,this is accompanied by the temporal resolution, which is restricted accordingly. For this reason, the explicit Faber approach is chosen to approximate the computationally intensive matrix exponential in order to enable large time stepsizes. To achieve a further acceleration of the computation time, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition approach is used to enormously reduce the complexity of the evaluation. In this context, a hybrid model is examined to establish abalance between the calculation time by means of a reduced order model and the error accuracy via a full order model.
Phytohormones and microbial elicitation on glycyrrhizin production and gene expression in the hairy root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
Authors: Behdad Assieh , Ganjeali Ali
Published: October 2024

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) is a valuable and endangered medicinal plant recognized for its rich saponin content, particularly glycyrrhizin. Hairy root culture offers a sustainable alternative for continuous glycyrrhizin production while preserving the species' biodiversity. This study aimed to determine the most effective Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC 15834, A4, and A13) for hairy root induction and to assess the influence of Rhizobium leguminosarum (R) and Pseudomonas putida (P) on glycyrrhizin and saponin production. Additionally, the combined effects of the most efficient biotic elicitor with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellin (GA) on the phytochemical and physiological responses of licorice hairy roots were investigated. The expression of genes related to glycyrrhizin biosynthesis was also analyzed. The hairy root transformation was confirmed in all strains through rolB gene amplification, with strain A13 identified as the most efficient. R. leguminosarum was more effective than P. putida in increasing glycyrrhizin and saponin content. Treatments with Rhizobium, MeJA, and GA increased oxidative stress markers, membrane damage, and the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The highest glycyrrhizin and saponin levels were found in the MeJA×R and R treatments, respectively. RT‒PCR analysis demonstrated that the gene expression of bAS, CYP88D6, and CYP72A154 elevated under MeJA×R treatment compared to the control. The PCA-biplot analysis showed that DPPH (IC50) and H2O2 levels had the most difference in assayed traits. In summary, the MeJA×R combination may activate a complex signaling network that scavenges ROS, leading to higher glycyrrhizin accumulation and upregulation of its biosynthetic pathway in licorice hairy roots.
Fabrication of g-C3N4/NiO/ZnO based Ternary Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Bano Nargis , Fatima Rida , Bilal Uzma , Abbas Taimoor , Bilal Abu Summama Sadavi , Hussain Ijaz
Published: October 2024

Photocatalysis has emerged as a widely recognized and environmentally friendly technique for the degradation of biological contaminants into less hazardous substances. The technique offers a sustainable path for contamination reduction by utilizing sunlight-activated catalysts to initiate reactions for the degradation of pollutants. In this work, a facile co-precipitation approach was utilized to synthesize a ternary nanocomposite-based photocatalyst to improve photocatalytic performance. The metal oxide semiconductors ZnO and NiO were successfully integrated into the g-C3N4 matrix to develop a photocatalyst that showed substantially increased photocatalytic activity. The synthesized ternary nanocomposite was investigated for different physicochemical techniques such as photoluminescence (PL), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the ternary nanocomposite were thoroughly explored by these physiochemical techniques. The synthesized CNZ ternary nanocomposites-based photocatalyst revealed a significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate of 92%, outperforming all other samples. The ternary nanocomposite demonstrated excellent reusability even after five successive reaction cycles, unveiling the superior potential in the photocatalytic application for an extended period without significantly losing its effectiveness. The synergistic integration of NiO and ZnO into g-C3N4 boosted the photocatalytic activity by enhancing electron-hole separation and reducing recombination reactions. The hybrid photocatalyst offers a great deal of promise for effectively eliminating harmful pollutants from aqueous solutions.
Afaan Oromo Fake News Detection on Social Media: - Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Bedada Hundaol Bedada , Waldesanbet Abebe
Published: October 2024

Due to the rapid growth of the internet in recent years, social media has made it easier to create and share information via computer-mediated technologies. As a result of the social media revolution, people's communication and acquaintances have changed. The majority of people nowadays use social media to find and consume news rather than traditional news agencies. On the other hand, while online social media has grown in importance as a source of information and a method of connecting people together, detecting fake information remains a difficult problem to address. The majority of previous works presented appropriate machine learning models of fake news detections are concerned with specific group of language such as English. Despite the fact, the problem is not constricted to language. As a result, we implemented deep learning models on the Afaan Oromo language news dataset extracted from twitter and Facebook pages, to detect fake news on social media. In this study we annotated dataset of 1838 news text for train and testing purposes. Three popular deep learning methods used in the experiments: LSTM, GRU, and Bi-LSTM, to determine the best performing models, and each of the model performance is evaluated with various parameters. Then, when it came to recognizing fake news in news content written in the Afaan Oromo language, bidirectional-LSTM beat the other algorithms, namely unidirectional LSTM and GRU. The model is capable of making predictions on our dataset, with an f-1 score of 90%. Finally, python flask API server with spyder IDE was used for the web-based prototype development of the trained Bi-LSTM models for prediction of news.
Diversity and ecology of fungi in the sediments and surface water of brackish and salt marshes
Authors: Thompson Madeleine A. , Pfirrmann Bruce W. , Strosnider William H.J. , Pinckney James L. , Peng Xuefeng
Published: October 2024

Fungi are key drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet marine fungi remain understudied. While various regions of fungal ribosomal RNA have been targeted to study fungal diversity, the ITS region has been the most prevalent region in the literature since 2012. However, ITS metabarcoding has limitations in marine environments, partly due to database biases. We conducted a metabarcoding survey targeting the small and large subunit rRNA genes and the internal transcribed spacer region of fungi (18S, 28S, and ITS2) in the sediment and surface water of salt and brackish marshes in South Carolina, USA. The 28S primer set (LR0R and LF402) excelled at identifying early diverging fungal lineages, including Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, Zoopagomycota, and Blastocladiomycota; however, only the ITS2 primer set amplified Cryptomycota and Olpidiomycota. The universal 18S/16S primer set (515F-Y and 926R) identified few fungal taxa because most reads were prokaryotic. The results based on 28S rRNA amplicons revealed that Dikarya fungi dominated salt marshes, whereas early diverging fungi dominated brackish marshes, suggesting Dikarya are more salt-tolerant. Over half of the fungal OTUs identified by the 28S primer set were from early diverging lineages. A FUNGuild analysis found that saprotrophic fungi are the function of most lineages, but in the brackish marsh, saprotrophic fungi from Zoopagomycota, Blastocladiomycota, and Chytridiomycota were more prevalent. Differential abundance analysis revealed that early diverging fungi were key drivers of community composition between the various marsh types. This study advances our understanding of marine fungal diversity by identifying early diverging lineages that were previously overlooked in marine environments. Our study highlights the vast, unexplored fungal diversity in marine environments.
Synthesis of CHA from MFI by three interzeolite transformation strategies and its Application in NH 3 -SCR reaction
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Li Yuping , Chen Ze , Ji Fuchao , Liang Xiaohong , Han Lina , Han Peide
Published: October 2024

CHA Zeolites are currently considered as the most effective catalysts to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements of diesel vehicles. Herein, the synthesis of SSZ-13 zeolites(CHA topology) using ZSM-5 (MFI topology) with various SiO2/Al2O3 ratios as parent zeolites were investigated in the presence of N,N,N, trimethtyl-1-adamantammonium hydroxide (TMAdaOH). The crystallization processes of three different strategies, that is, high silica ZSM-5 with additional Al source(HSZ + Al), completely zeolite to zeolite(CZTZ) transformation and low silica ZSM-5 with additional Si source(LSZ + Si) were compared. The results show that pure SSZ-13 zeolites with high crystallinity can be synthesized at 160°C for only 6 h by CZTZ strategy. While for the HSZ + Al and LSZ + Si synthesis systems, the complete transformation from MFI to CHA can even be shortened to 4.5 h at 160°C, suggesting the promoting effect of additional Al- or Si- source for MFI-CHA transformation. The rapid MFI-CHA transformation may be related to fast disintegration of parent ZSM-5 under the promotion of TMAdaOH template. Meanwhile, the five-membered rings predominating in the MFI framework rapidly disassembled and rearranged into favorable double six-membered ring and CHA cage composite building units, thus facilitate the rapid formation the CHA framework. Additionally, the resultant samples, after Cu2+ exchange, showed superior catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. The operation temperature window (NOx conversion > 90%) of HSZ-4.5 h, CZTZ-6.0 h and LSZ-4.5 h samples were all about 200 ~ 500°C. Among three samples, the HSZ-4.5 h presents best low-temperature catalytic activity, while CZTZ-6.0 h and LSZ-4.5 h samples show more superior hydrothermal stability.
Determination of yield and water use productivity of sesame irrigated with subsurface drip irrigation under different water deficit conditions
Authors: AKIN Filiz , CEMEK Bilal
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effects of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) at varying lateral depths (D1: 20 cm, D2: 30 cm, and D3: 40 cm) on evapotranspiration, water use productivity (WUP), and plant water stress index of the Muganlı-57 sesame variety. The experiments were conducted under different irrigation regimes: S1 (full irrigation without water stress), S2 (mild water stress), S3 (moderate water stress), and S4 (severe water stress). The research was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in a clay loam soil under Mediterranean climate conditions, with irrigation water quantities adjusted according to the percentage of plant cover. The average evapotranspiration values recorded for D1 at S1, S2, S3, and S4 were 338.5, 241, 143.5, and 14 mm, respectively; for D2 the values were 263, 188.5, 113.5, and 14 mm; and for D3, they were 257, 184, 111, and 14 mm. In the first year, the highest water use productivity (WUP) was recorded at D3 for S2 (8.4 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹), and in the second year, the highest WUP was again at D3 for S2, measuring 9.0 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹. Over both years, the WUP for S2 at D3 was significantly higher. In contrast, the lowest WUP values were obtained from D1 at S1, with values of 4.2 and 4.6 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in the respective years. The highest irrigation water use productivity (IWUP) was achieved at D3 for S2, yielding 12.5 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in the first year and 13.1 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in the second year. Coversely, the lowest IWUP values were found at D1 for S1 measuring 5.1 and 5.6 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in two years. The yield response factor (Ky) for sesame plants was determined to be 1.27 in the first year and 1.21 in the second year. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the significant impact of lateral depth in subsurface drip irrigation on evapotranspiration and water use productivity in Muganlı-57 sesame cultivation. The results indicate that optimizing lateral depth, particularly at 40 cm with mild water stress conditions, can enhance water productivity and overall crop performance under Mediterranean climate conditions.
Development and Validation of an AI-based model to predict the assessment outcomes of pre-clinical MBBS/BDS students
Authors: Ehsan Hafiz Rabbi Ul , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Yasmeen Rahila , Arif Marium
Published: October 2024

Accurately predicting student performance is crucial in medical education, especially in the critical pre-clinical years when foundations are laid. This study employed artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a predictive model for assessment outcomes of 4th-year MBBS/BDS students, aiming to provide educators with a tool for proactive intervention. A quantitative, cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 144 students from two institutions in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A comprehensive dataset of academic and demographic variables was analyzed using various machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, AdaBoost, Logistic Regression, SVM, and XGBoost. The Random Forest model emerged as the most effective machine learning model while year 2 exam scores and weekly study hours as key predictors of student success. This model allows educators to shift from traditional reactive approaches to a proactive, data-driven approach to student support by providing a framework for AI driven student support system. By identifying at-risk students early, personalized interventions can be implemented, potentially improving overall success rates and nurturing a more supportive learning environment. This study highlights the potential of AI to revolutionize medical education by enabling personalized learning pathways, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing teaching effectiveness. However, the ethical considerations of AI in education are also addressed to ensure responsible implementation that maximizes student success and creates a more inclusive learning environment.
Drivers of Hygienic Menstrual Practices among Reproductive-Age Women: Evidence from Nepal Demographic Health Survey-2022
Authors: Hasan Nihal , Kumar Pradeep , Rajak Rahul
Published: October 2024

Background: Exclusive use of hygienic methods during menstruation has not received adequate attention in Nepal, with limited research utilizing nationally representative data. Therefore, this study explored the prevalence and factors influencing exclusive hygienic menstrual practices among women of reproductive age in Nepal.
Methods: This study included 13,066 reproductive-age women from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS-2022). A binary logistic regression model was applied to identify significant factors of exclusive use of hygienic methods among women in Nepal. To quantify the proportion of the total variance attributable to differences between communities. The concentration Index (CI) and Concentration curve (CC) were also calculated to measure the socio-economic inequality of exclusive use of hygienic methods among reproductive agewomen.
Results: Only 48% of Nepalese women aged 15- 49 years used exclusively hygienic methods to prevent bloodstains during menstruation. The results of the multivariate model revealed that young women aged 15-24 (AOR=2.51, p<0.001), women with 10 years and above education (AOR=1.98, p<0.001) from the richest wealth quintile (AOR=2.16, p<0.001), never married women (AOR=1.44, p<0.001), owned a smartphone (AOR=1.41, p<0.001) and women with exposure to mass media at least once a week (AOR=1.36, p<0.001) are more likely to use hygienic methods as compared with their counterparts. The results from the concentration curve also demonstrated that exclusive use of hygiene methods among women is concentrated in women from higher economic backgrounds (CI: 0.21). Among the geographical regions of Nepal, the highest inequality was witnessed in Madhesh province (CI: 0.25), followed by Bagmati province (CI: 0.22).
Conclusions: The findings suggest the need for multidimensional interventions and educational programs targeting socioeconomically vulnerable women to address unhygienic menstrual practices. Also, there is a need to educate adult women on biological facts and good hygienic practices, as they can impose cultural taboos and restrictions on the next generation.
Can bear corridors support mammalian biodiversity? A case study on Central Italian Apennines
Authors: Dragonetti Chiara , Ceci Niccolò , Von Kempis Stefan , Trei Jan-Niklas , Cipollone Mario , Visconti Piero , Marco Moreno Di
Published: October 2024

Ecological corridors are essential for maintaining ecosystem functionality, allowing species movement between protected areas. In the Central Italian Apennines, five corridors have been identified to enhance habitat connectivity for the critically endangered Marsican brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus). This study focuses on two of these corridors to investigate their support of other mammal species populations. We collected data from camera traps over four months, and applied the Random Encounter Model to estimate the population densities of eight meso- and macro-mammal species. We compared the densities we estimated with those reported in the literature for different locations across Europe. The results indicated higher-than-average densities for several species compared to published data, especially for ungulates. These findings underscore the importance of Marsican bear corridors for a number of other mammals, as they provide important habitats for several of them. Effective management of these corridors, with a focus on reducing human disturbance and improving habitat connectivity, will be critical for the long-term survival of both the Marsican bear and its coexisting species.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Human and Livestock Ailments in Yeki District and Its Environs, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Melese Daniel , Asnakew Muluye , Getachew Samuel
Published: October 2024

Background Yeki District and its environs have long been inhabited by people who have a long tradition of using medicinal plants to treat human and livestock ailments. Overexploitation of medicinal plants coupled with ever-increasing population growth, deforestation and agricultural land expansion threatens plants in the area. Hence, the study aims to documents indigenous medicinal plant utilization, management and the threats affecting them.
Methodology Both systematic random and purposive sampling were used to select general respondents (130) and key informants (30) respectively. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion, guided field walk, preference ranking and paired comparison. Standard ethnobotanical tools, including preference ranking, pair-wise comparison, ICF, FL, direct matrix ranking, and the Chi-square test using R software, were applied for analysis. Result A total of 102 medicinal plants, belonging to 57 families were identified. Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceaerepresented by eleven and five species each were identified as the leading families. Herbs contributed the most (45.1%) to the growth forms followed by shrubs (21.57%). Out of the total medicinal plants, 58 species (56.86%) were collected from the wild, 24 were obtained from home garden, and 20 species were from both home garden and wild habitats. Fresh leaves of the plants were parts that are used most frequently in the area. The highest ICF value (0.91) was recorded for dermal problem categories. The majority of medicinal plants (65.69%) were used to treat human ailments, whereas 10.78% were used to treat livestock ailments, and 23.53% were used to treat both human and livestock ailments. Agricultural expansion was the major threat to medicinal plants, followed by grazing.
ConclusionThe current study underscores the intricate relationship between the local community and medicinal plants, emphasizing the critical role of biodiversity conservation in sustaining healthcare practices and ecosystem health. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable conservation strategies, the preservation of traditional knowledge, and emphasize the interdependence between human societies and their natural environments. Community-based conservation efforts, involving active participation from local populations and relevant institutions, are vital for the sustainable use and preservation of medicinal plant species and their habitats. Raising public awareness about the sustainable harvesting of exploited medicinal plants and establishing botanical gardens will safeguard these resources, contributing to both environmental protection and socioeconomic development.
Exploring the Relationship between Leisure Activity Types and Frailty in the Elders
Authors: Lee I-Chen , Chen Chun-Min , Lee Chun-Ying , Weng Shih-Feng
Published: October 2024

As countries worldwide pursue healthy aging, maintaining the physical and mental health of the elders, active social participation, and daily leisure activities play an essential role. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the association between leisure activity types that the elders frequently engage in and frailty indicators. This study adopted a cross-sectional design. Elderly participants over 65 years old living in the community were recruited to take part in interview questionnaires; 303 elderly people participated. The variables included the demographic and socioeconomic data of the older participants, physical health, frailty condition, and leisure activity preference and participation. This study found that older participants typically engaged in their favorite types of activities, such as entertainment, physical, and musical activities. They were less likely to exhibit signs of frailty if they frequently engaged in the following three types of activities: music, talent, and outdoor leisure in their daily lives. If elderly people want to live a long, healthy, and happy life, encouraging them to participate in leisure activities is recommended. The findings indicate that it is necessary to remove the barriers for elderly people to participate in leisure activities when formulating health promotion policies to achieve healthy aging.
Perception of Smallholder Farmers about Climate Change and Its Impacts on Crop Production across Agroecological Zones of the Gassera District, Southeastern Ethiopia.
Authors: Aniye* Henok W/Yohannes , Bekele Tsegaye , Worku Walelign
Published: October 2024

Climate change and variability have threatened rainfedagriculture by affecting the livelihoodsof rural communities in Ethiopia. The study area, Gassera District, is among the high-potential crop production areas of the Bale Zone and is severely impacted by recurrent droughts resulting from climate change. This study evaluated smallholder farmers' perceptions of significant climate change and its effects on food crop production across the agroecological zones of the Gassera District. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect data from 444 farm households via multistage random sampling techniques. Multiple linear regression (MLR) models were used for the data analysis. The results revealedthat 98.5% of the interviewed farmers were aware of climate variability and that 51.6% understood its impact to a reasonable extent. However, over half of the farmers did not perceive climate change as the greatest threat to their livelihood. Most farmers experienced rain becoming more erratic, starting late, and ending early as medium climatic factors (60.4%, 68.1%, and 66.2%, respectively), affecting their crop production. The results revealed that rainfall had a negative and insignificant decreasing trend (2.92 mm/year). The annual mean temperature exhibited a positive and statistically significant increasing trend (Ρ < 0.01). Crop production is positively and linearly correlated with the amount of annual rainfall at the Ρ ≤ 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the greatestcrop yield loss was associated with lowland agroecology. The MLR results revealed that farmer agroecology, age, sex, and chemical use had substantial impacts on crop yield loss. We urge farmers to understand the long-term effects of climate change on their livelihoods.
MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION DURING THE REFERENDUM: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
Authors:   Faculty of Humanities, HSE University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Master of Applied Linguistics and Text Analytics. Police Officer, Criminal Evidence Directorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq., Othman Mahmood Mahmood
Published: October 2024

This study conducted a linguistic analysis of the media representation of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region during the Kurdistan Referendum on September 25, 2017. The research aimed to bridge two methodologies: corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis. By examining how the media portrayed the Iraqi Kurdistan Region during the referendum, this study shed light on the linguistic dimensions of media coverage and the issues surrounding the referendum. Data were collected from six different news sites worldwide and analysed using corpus tools through AntConc. The findings showed that Western media outlets in the United Kingdom and the United States, including BBC News, CNN, Fox News, and Sky News, represented the Iraqi Kurdistan Region Referendum negatively. In contrast, Rudaw, a local media channel in Iraqs Kurdistan Region, provided a completely positive portrayal, while Al Jazeera maintained an unbiased attitude.
HYGIENE DES DISPOSITIFS MEDICAUX REUTILISABLES DANS LA GESTION DES VOIES AERIENNES EN ANESTHESIE AU CHUD/ BORGOU-ALIBORI
Authors:   Institut National Medico-Sanitaire (INMeS) de lUniversite dAbomey-Calavi., Theodore Soussia , Afissou Issakou ,   Institut de formation et de Recherche en Soins Infirmiers (IFSIO) de lUniversite de Parakou., Felicite Akoha ,   Institut National Medico-Sanitaire (INMeS) de lUniversite dAbomey-Calavi., Boniface Bonaventure Kpamegan ,   Institut National Medico-Sanitaire (INMeS) de lUniversite dAbomey-Calavi., Cyriaque Degbey ,   Institut Regional de Sante Publique (IRSP) de lUniversite dAbomey-Calavi.
Published: October 2024

Introduction :Nosocomial infection is a priority concern for hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate the hygiene of reusable medical devices (DMR) used in anesthesia at CHUD-B/A. Methods :The study was observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical. It surveyed nursing staff in the anesthesia department of CHUD Borgou/Alibori. Sampling was non-random, with a census of all staff. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software. Observations in the study were presented in proportions for qualitative variables and quantitative data using central tendency parameters such as mean with standard deviation, median as appropriate, mode and extremums. Results :A total of 14 caregivers were surveyed. Intermediate risks were related to semi-critical materials, according to 64.3% of subjects. Knowledge of DMR processing steps was affirmed by 92.2% of staff. Decontamination followed by cleaning and rinsing was confirmed by 84.6% of respondents. It was observed that equipment was immersed in a small jar containing a small volume of non-renewed decontamination solution, that there was no decontamination protocol, that hand hygiene was observed in 25 cases, and that gloves were worn in 30 cases. Conclusion:The absence of a DMR management protocol is apparent. Device hygiene needs to be improved. The development of a protocol for DMR treatment and the promotion of single-use equipment are necessary.
PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL AS AN ANTI- ALZHEIMERS, BY USING IN-VITRO ANTICHOLINESTERASE ENZYME MODEL
Authors:   Graduate Student, Matoshri College of Pharmacy,Eklahare, Nashik., S.R. Somvanshi , P.R. Talware ,   Graduate Student, Matoshri College of Pharmacy,Eklahare, Nashik., Y.S. Gaikwad ,   Graduate Student, Matoshri College of Pharmacy,Eklahare, Nashik., R.N. Patil ,   Assistant Professor, METs Institute of D.Pharmacy, Adgaon, Nashik., P.V. Vyavhare ,   Principal, D.P. Kharde, Navjeevan College of College of Pharmacy, Nandur Shingote.
Published: October 2024

Background: Alzheimers disease is a neurodegenerative brain condition that causes mild cognitive impairment and memory loss, eventually leading to dementia. With developments in medicine, there are now more people in the world trying to treat a wider range of illnesses. It has been discovered that traditional herbal treatment works well with little or no adverse effects. Materials & Methods: There are certain chemical components in the polyherbal extract of liquorice, ginger, and hibiscus sabadariffa that have anti-Alzheimers properties. Results & Discussion: The polyherbal extract of liquorice, ginger, and hibiscus sabadariffa has been shown to have significant inhibition up to 44.02% in the group treated with it, which supports the extracts anti-Alzheimers activity. This was determined through a dose-dependent study and statistical comparison using Graph Pad Prism, version 10.2.2 by two-way ANOVA.
CHARACTERIZATION OF RUNOFF ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN THE BANDAMA BLANC WATER-SHED, NORTHERN IVORY COAST, USING THE SCS-CN METHOD WITH GEOGRAPHIC INFOR-MATION SYSTEM (GIS) TOOLS
Authors:   Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote dIvoire., Dramane Bamba , Herve Kouassi Kouakou ,   Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Jean Lorougnon GUEDE University, BP 150 Daloa, Cote dIvoire., Emile Soro Gneneyougo ,   Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote dIvoire., Koffi Abdelaziz Kouakou ,   Department of Geosciences, Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University (UPGC), Korhogo, Cote dIvoire., T. Pascal Angui Kouassi ,   Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment, Nangui Abrogoua University, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote dIvoire.
Published: October 2024

This study focused on the characterization of runoff on agricultural soils in theBandama Blanc watershed in Badikaha, Northern Cote dIvoire. The objective was to highlight the influence of land use change on runoff. To achieve this, soil data and profiles were utilized, allowing for the analysis of the hydrological properties and characteristics of the soils in the study area using the SCS (U.S.D.A.) method. The study revealed a continuous increase in the proportions of built-up/bare soil and cultivated areas over three study periods. The respective proportions were 16%, 27%, and 48% for built-up/bare soil, and 11%, 17%, and 33% for cultivated areas in the years 1986, 2004, and 2023. Additionally, it showed that the soils in the watershed predominantly exhibit clayey texture. These findings, combined with curve numbers (CN), highlighted significant runoff occurring in the study area, with average CN values of 70.57, 57.14, and 66.67 for 1986, 2004, and 2023, respectively. It follows from these results that runoff is more pronounced in urban areas, bare soils, highly mechanized agricultural environments, and watercourses. This study demonstrated that GIS and remote sensing techniques enable large-scale determination of runoff using the SCS-CN method. Furthermore, it serves as a simple and cost-effective tool for modeling runoff.
GENDER BASED FACTORS AND FEMALE STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS IN RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF KIBOGORA POLYTECHNIC IN NYAMASHEKE DISTRICT
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Curriculum Study, Mount Kenya University Rwanda., Jean Pierre Uwiturije , Faustin Mugiraneza ,   Lecturer, Department of Curriculum Study, Mount Kenya University Rwanda.
Published: October 2024

This paper examined gender related factors influencing female students academic performance in higher learning institutions in Rwanda with reference to Kibogora Polytechnic. The specific objectives were to determine the level of female students academic performance, structural cultural factors, socioeconomic conditions, and cultural factors and their effect on female students academic performance. The research surveyed female students and staff from higher learning institutions, involving 486 participants. A representative group of 220 was calculated using Yamane formula. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, desk reviews, and pre-tests. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to generate descriptive and inferential statistics. To the first objective, results revealed that 86.4% accepted female attendance rate was increased, 77.0% contended that female student has active participation in class within higher learning institutions, 76.4% accepted that there is a rate of graduation. To the second objective, the research revealed that 74.5% accepted that the existing policies influence female academic performance, 86.4 accepted that the higher learning procedures have influenced female academic performance, 87.2% show an agreement and strongly agreement respectively. The correlation coefficient r=0.522 was produced with p-value of 0.000 of a two-tailed. To the third objective, 74.5% provided positive responses concerned with the number of girls and boys in the family has influenced female academic performance, 86.4% agreed domestic work performed at home influence negatively academic performance in higher learning institutions, Findings demonstrated the association between socio-economic and the success of performance of female students was 0.820 the p-value was 0.000 for 2-tailed. To the fourth objective, the research felt that 88.0% that domestic responsibilities reduce female willingness to school and educational activities. Correlation coefficient and the p-value demonstrate the existence of significant effect of cultural factors on female student academic performance. The study recommends that the Ministry of education should establish effective female sensitive policies. The society should leave unfavorable cultural norms and hand habits that affect female students in higher learning institutions owing to their effect in lowering self-confidence and academic target. Further studies should investigate effect creating awareness on female education at all level and to establish the forums to debate on societal factors hindering girls education.
THE YOM KIPPUR WAR: SOCIO-POLITICAL AND DIPLOMATIC REPERCUSSIONS
Authors:   Nigerian Defence Academy., Imaben Ameh Francis , Enefola Jibrin Felix ,   Boston University.
Published: October 2024

One of the hardest fought wars of all in the twentieth century was in 1973, when Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel on the Jewish holy day of atonement (Yom Kippur). Egypt and Syria staged this war against Israel as a response to the Arab territories Israel captured during the Six-Day War of 1967 which include the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. The war did have a major influence on how Egypt and Israel eventually came to an agreement that resulted in Egypt receiving the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for long-term peace. The war proved costly for Israel, Egypt, and Syria, having caused momentous casualties, and having disabled or destroyed large quantities of military equipment. The study was carried out with the aid of secondary sources and internet materials. The result of the findings in this study shows that the Yom Kippur War of October 1973 was a turning point in Israelis military and strategic thought. Undeniably, the war taught all parties involved valuable lessons, but it seems that the Israelis have discussed the conflicts tactical direction, startling strategic shortcomings, and political ramifications the most. The paper concludes that the Arab-Israeli leaders in collaboration with the world superpowers need to come together to find a middle ground and a fair centre-stage where peace and harmony will be given utmost priority. This is the only way the differences between the two warring nations can be resolved.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI : A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors:   PG Schloar, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, APMs Ayurved College Sion Mumbai., Rathod Umesh , Vekhande Nikita ,   PG Schloar, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, APMs Ayurved College Sion Mumbai., Rao Vidya ,   Asso. Prof. Dept. of Kayachikitsa, APMs Ayurved College Sion Mumbai.
Published: October 2024

The modern lifestyle has given rise to a number of health-related issues. A growing number of musculoskeletal conditions include sciatica. Sciaticas signs and symptoms are similar to those of Gridhrasi, also known as Shoolpradhan Vatavayadhi in Ayurveda. Given that the patients gait resembles that of a vulture (gridhra) and that his legs are inflexible and slightly bowed, the disease may have derived its name from the bird gridhra. According to Sushruta, the kandara of Gridhrasi is impacted by the vitiated Vata dosha, making it difficult for the patient to extend their leg. Sciatica is an extremely painful ailment where pain radiates along the posteriolateral portion of the leg and thigh from the lumbar area. The quality of life is negatively impacted by low back discomfort, especially during ones prime working years. Since over 75% of people worldwide have had low back pain at some point in their lives, the incidence rate of low back pain is noteworthy. It is the most typical illness that keeps people from working. This illness leaves the victim partially disabled since they may not be able to stand, walk, or sit comfortably. The two basic areas of treatment in modern medicine are surgical pathology repair and pain management. The goal of Ayurvedic treatment is to rectify the underlying functional imbalance in order to restore harmony. The goal of Ayurvedic Gridhrasi treatments is to restore the imbalanced Vata or Vata Kapha to health by bringing it back to equilibrium.
INVOLVEMENT OF THE LOCATION OF INTRAPARENCHYMAL EDEMA AFTER A CEREBROVASCULAR EVENT IN THE APPROACH OF A DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
Authors:   National School of Medicine and Homeopathy. Mexico City, Mexico., Jose Angel de Jesus Prestegui-Munoz ,   National Polytechnic Institute. Mexico City, Mexico.,   Department of Neurology and Psychiatry. National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran. Mexico City, Mexico., Gustavo Emiliano Sanchez-Estrada ,   National School of Medicine and Homeopathy. Mexico City, Mexico.,   National Polytechnic Institute. Mexico City, Mexico.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Decompressive craniectomy, introduced by Kocher in 1901, reduces intracranial pressure by removing part of the skull. It is used in severe neurological conditions such as brain injury and stroke, allowing the swollen brain to expand, thereby reducing mortality and improving function. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the location of intraparenchymal edema on the efficacy of decompressive craniectomy and postoperative clinical outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus. This search was focused on studies related to intracranial hypertension and its neurosurgical approach. Results: In this study, the following risk factors for mortality after decompressive craniotomy were identified: male sex, age over 50 years and late surgery. Operating between 12-24 hours improves results, especially in the non-dominant hemisphere. Correct surgical technique minimizes complications and improves the healing process of patients. Discussions: This study demonstrates that the location of intra-abdominal edema affects the results of craniectomy, with better results in the non-dominant hemisphere. A better understanding of brain anatomy and individualization of surgical techniques are essential to reduce complications and improve surgical outcomes after stroke. Conclusions: In conclusion, patient survival and functionality can be improved as seen from a modified Rankin scale by precise knowledge of the location of intraparenchymal edema and an approach with reduced damage to collateral structures.
THE POWER OF OPEN COMMUNICATION: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENT-ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM EXTENT AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF SIBLING INFLUENCE
Authors:   School of Liberal Studies, CMR University., S. Subhasree , T.S Saranya ,   School of Liberal Studies, CMR University.
Published: October 2024

Adolescence is the period of extensive physical, emotional, and social transformation. This article focuses on the primary role of effective communication within the family, especially parents and siblings influence, in shaping adolescence development. It considers how open, supportive, and sincere interactions help in identity formation, peer relationships, cognitive development, and affect regulation during this critical stage. The article draws both on Eastern and Western psychological paradigms, showing how academic psychology has evolved over the years and the main theoretical frameworks which inform our understanding of adolescent development. It is in this regard that the current study will explore the importance of effective family communication in developing a positive identity, building self-esteem, and supplying a sense of belonging. Emphasized herein is the role of parents in guiding adolescents through open discussions that will help them think critically, solve problems, and make independent decisions. Attention falls onto sibling influence in that they are in a special position to offer emotional support, companionship, and modeling behaviors. It draws from quantitative studies how family dynamics impact adolescent results. Construction and standardization processes of psychological measures are described to explain why reliable and valid instruments are needed when studying adolescent behavior and family interaction. This article concludes with the practical recommendations to enhance family communication strategies in supporting adolescent development. This integration of theoretical perspectives and empirical findings thus provides critical insights for educators, practitioners, and families seeking to promote healthy developmental trajectories among adolescents through effective communication and supportive sibling relationships.
CAPSULE NETWORK FOR BRAIN TUMORS SEGMENTATION IN MRI IMAGES
Authors:   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., Farisya Norazlan Yasmin , Salasiah Mokri Siti ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., Fatihah Ali Nurul ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., Aizuddin Abd Rahni Ashrani ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., Baseri Huddin Aqilah ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., Zulkarnain Noraishikin ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., Abid Hakimi Md Salleh Ahmad ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia., Aziyatul Izni Nor ,   Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: October 2024

Glioma is an abnormal, irregularly shaped cell growth in the brain. Diagnosing glioma often relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which requires precise segmentation of the tumor for effective analysis. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), such as U-Net, is widely used in medical image processing, particularly for image segmentation tasks. However, CNNs have the limitation in effectively learning spatial relationships within images. To address this, Capsule Networks (CapsNet) is introduced, utilizing capsule dynamic routing to better capture spatial hierarchies. This paper aims to investigate the performance of SegCaps, a segmentation model based on Capsule Networks, for brain glioma segmentation in MRI images, compared to the CNN-based U-Net model. Both models were tested on the BraTS2018 glioma dataset, which includes 374 MRI images of brain tumors across four modalities (T1, T1c, T2, FLAIR). The performance of SegCaps and U-Net was evaluated using two key segmentation metrics: Dice coefficient and Jaccard index. The results show that SegCaps outperformed U-Net with a Dice coefficient of 87.96% compared to U-Nets 85.56%, demonstrating a 2.4% improvement. Additionally, SegCaps required fewer parameters than the U-Net model, highlighting its efficiency. In conclusion, SegCaps can be considered as a promising alternative for glioma segmentation in MRI images. Future work could focus on refining the SegCaps model to enhance its performance while reducing computational costs.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF AUTOGENOUS BONE GRAFT VS OTHER BONE GRAFT FOR PERIODONTAL REGENERATION OF INTRABONY DEFECTS IN HUMAN : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors:   Department of Periodontology Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur., Khadse Apurva , Thombre Vivek ,   Department of Periodontology Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur., Phadnaik Mangesh ,   Department of Periodontology Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur., Nagdeve Ayushi ,   Department of Periodontology Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur., Gawande Deepak ,   Department of Periodontology Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur.
Published: October 2024

The current systematic review was conducted with a goal of evaluation and comparison of treatment of intrabony defects using autogeneous bone graft with guided tissue regeneration vs the other bone grafts. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in which a progressive interaction between pathogenic micro-organisms and host immune system leads to destruction of tooth supporting tissues.