bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rekreatif Amaçlı Olta Balıkçılığı Yapan Bireylerin Yaşam Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Dervişoğlu Tolgahan , Başkan Aytekin Hamdi , Bayrakdar Akan
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde olta balıkçılığı yapan bireylerin boş zaman faaliyetlerine ve rekreasyonel balıkçılığa bakış açısının değerlendirilmesi ve olta balıkçılığı yapan bireylerin yaşam kalitelerinin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Olta balıkçılığının ve yaşam kalitesinin bireyler açısından değerlendirilmesi amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini olta balıkçılığı yapan bireyler oluştururken, örneklemi aralarından rastgele seçilen ve gönüllü olarak katılım gösteren 30 erkek olta balıkçısı oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri, bu çalışma için geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Analizlerde görüşme metinleri dikkatle okunarak veriler kavramsallaştırılmış ve ortaya çıkan kavramlara göre mantık çerçevesinde veriyi açıklayan temalar saptanmıştır. Kodların ve temaların belirlenmesinin ardından bulgular gruplandırılmış tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda katılımcıların boş zamanlarını genellikle balık tutarak, gezerek ve aile ile değerlendirdiğini, olta balıkçılığının kişiye zevk/huzur, hobi, tutku ve yaşam tarzı kattığını, olta balıkçılığı ile farklı sıklıklar ile ilgilendiklerini, olta balıkçılığı tecrübelerinin farklı olduğunu, boş zamanın onlara aktivite yapılabilecek zamanı, huzur/zevk ve dinlenmeyi, zorunluluk olmayan zamanı, aile ile geçirilecek zamanı ifade ettiğini, olta balıkçılığına farklı miktarda bütçe ayırdıklarını, farklı uyku sürelerine sahip olduklarını, günün farklı saatlerinde olta balıkçılığı yaptıklarını, olta balıkçılığı dışında doğa aktiviteleri, spor, aile ve arkadaşlar ve tamirat işleri ile ilgilendiklerini belirtmiştir. Ayrıca haftada 1-2 gün olta balıkçılığı yapan katılımcıların %83’ünün, zaman buldukça olta balıkçılığı yapan katılımcıların %67’sinin, çoğunlukla olta balıkçılığı yapan katılımcıların ise %50’sinin olumlu yaşam kalitesine sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Olta balıkçılığının bireylerin yaşam kalitesini arttıran rekreasyonel bir faaliyet olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca rekreasyonel olta balıkçılığının, bireylerin ekonomisini zorlamadan, yapılması zorunlu bir saat dilimi olmadan ve çok fazla tecrübeye sahip olunmasa bile yapılabilecek bir aktivite olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Petrochemistry of some gem-related metamorphic rocks in Sri Lanka
Authors:   , Shitangkool Nuttee
Published: December 2024

Sri Lanka has long been known as the major source of gemstones supplying wide variety, high quality and high quantity to the world market. Gem occurrences in the country are generally related to regional metamorphism. Precambrian high-grade metamorphic rocks have been prospected for gem deposits which are common sources of corundum, tourmaline, chrysoberyl, spinel, zircon, garnet etc. Characteristics of some gem-related metamorphic rocks collected from this country were investigated under petrographic description, whole-rock geochemical analysis and mineral chemistry. Rock collections were divided, based on their textures and mineral assemblages, into 6 groups including garnet gneiss, graphitic gneiss, hornblende-biotite gneiss, granulite, mafic granulite and felsic granulite. Moreover, some crucial groups were collected from different localities for comparison such as hornblende-biotite gneiss from Bakamuna and Kadugannawa. In general, petrographic description indicates high grade metamorphic textures, particularly mosaic suture and triple junction. Various minerals are present in different rock types; however, common assemblage usually contains plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, garnet, pyroxene, hornblende and biotite with different proportions; moreover, sillimanite, rutile and opaque minerals may be found as accessory in some groups. Whole-rock geochemistry shows that most of all samples are peraluminous composition, except only a sample of mafic granulite from Bakamuna is metaluminous. Mineral chemistry of some crucial minerals was analyzed for comparison and reconstruction of P-T history of these rocks. As a result, garnet composition is mostly almandine garnet. Pyroxene can be divided to orthopyroxene with significant ferosilite composition and clinopyroxene with composition varying from diopside to hedenbergite. For feldspar, estimated temperature of crystallization appears to be an above 445-550 °C based on compositions of two feldspar presented within the same sample.
Petrochemistry of corundum-bearing rock in Wellawaya, Sri Lanka
Authors:   , Laokhun Adcharobon
Published: December 2024

This study is aimed to characterize corundum-bearing rocks in Wellawaya. Petrochemistry and mineral chemistry of rock samples were then investigated prior to reconstruction of metamorphism of the area. Rock collection can be divided, based on petrographic description, into 2 types including corundum-bearing rock and mica schist. Moreover, corundum-bearing samples, the main focus of this study, can also be divided into 2 types which are obvious foliated rock and non-foliated rocks. All corundum-bearing rock samples have similar mineral composition and microscopic texture characterized by alkali feldspar and plagioclase which usually form granoblatic grains with well-developed triple junctions. Essential minerals contain about 50-55% plagioclase, 25-30% alkali feldspar, 10- 15% biotite and 1-5% corundum. Corundums have been found as granoblastic and porphyroblastic grains that usually formed as very large crystals in both sample groups. These petrographic features indicate high-grad metamorphism. However, non-foliated samples appear to have occurred as a part of felsic layer in foliated rocks. Whole-rock geochemistry shows somewhat difference within these rocks. All corundum-bearing rocks are classified as peraluminous rocks on the basis of alumina saturation. Mineral chemistry shows similarity of assemblages observed in both corundum-bearing groups. They have similar mineral chemistry of corundum, alkali feldspar, plagioclase zircon, and biotite. Corundum may have crystallized during the peak metamorphism equilibrated with biotite, plagioclase and alkali feldspar. Corundum forms at high temperature conditions with a wide range of pressure conditions during regional metamorphism. Their protoliths would be alumina rich provenance prior to high grade metamorphism belonging to granulite facies.
The effects of heat on zircon from Kanchanaburi
Authors:   , Phootong Watcharaporn
Published: December 2024

The naturally occurring reddish brown zircon from many localities such as from Ratana Kiri, Cambodia can be heat-treated to blue, yellow and colorless which are more desirable in gem trade. It is therefore interesting to know and understand the effect of heat treatment on coloration and other properties of zircon from Amphoe Bo Phloi, Changwat Kanchanaburi which has not been investigated before. Thirty five zircon samples from Bo Phloi were used in this study. The samples can be subdivided into 2 groups based on their color; dark reddish brown to orange brown and light orange and reddish brown. Their specific gravities average about 4.569 and 4.486 which fall into a high to intermediate-type zircon. The samples are mostly inert both under short and long wave UV. The dominant internal features are negative crystals, finger prints, color zones and fractures. All samples were heat-treated at 900oC in reduction condition for 3 hours. After treatment, the color mostly was changed from originally brown to colorless and some dark gray and violet in both groups. The UV-VIS-NIR absorption band from 600nm to UV range, which is related to brown color center or structure damaged by radioactive element, was disappeared after heating. Beside, peaks of U5+ appear at 1150 nm and 1157 nm both before and after heating. In addition, the structural damage appear to improve after heating as seen from FTIR absorption spectra; the O-H stretching peaks at 2800-3200 cm-1 disappear and some also sharper after heating. Beside, the Si-O stretching peaks at 1400-2000 cm-1are sharper after heating. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of zircon samples before heating give the average V3 (anti-symmetric SiO4 stretching) values of 1007.23 cm-1 and 1007.29 cm-1 which represent a well crystalline structure or slight degree of metamictization. After heat-treatment, the average V3 values increase to 1007.67 cm-1 and 1007.46 cm-1 and the average FWHM (Full with at Half Maximum) values before heating decrease from 5.60 cm-1 to 5.46 cm-1. Both values suggest that heat treatment can improve their structure. The chemical analyzed by LA-ICP-MS shows the average contents of elements such as Zr, Si, Hf, Th and U etc. The dark brown group has lower U concentrations (average about 112.6 ppm) than that of the light brown group (average about 276.2 ppm). Their formulas vary from ZrSiO4 to (Zr0.99,Hf0.01)SiO4.
Actividades pedagógicas para promover el liderazgo en el docente en la educación inicial.
Authors: Zambrano Alcívar Dayana Melisa , Lescay Blanco Dayana Margarita
Published: December 2024

El liderazgo docente es fundamental para transformar el proceso educativo y construir comunidades escolares colaborativas e inclusivas. Este en la educación inicial es primordial para guiar el desarrollo integral de los niños, fomentando la autonomía, creatividad y habilidades sociales en un entorno seguro y motivador. Un docente es líder cuando inspira es capaz de desarrollar acciones innovadoras y establece vínculos significativos con la familia, la escuela, la comunidad. Tomando en cuenta estos criterios, aún es insuficiente el rol del docente de la educación inicial en el contexto laboral y educativo. De ahí que, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar actividades pedagógicas para promover el liderazgo en el docente en la educación inicial de la Unidad Educativa Simón Bolívar, parroquia Sosote. Para su desarrollo, se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos matemáticos que permitieron el abordaje del tema y la búsqueda de una solución para esta problemática. Como resultado se logró la elaboración de actividades pedagógica que poseen un carácter contextualizadas, inclusivas y formativas dirigidas a desarrollar un liderazgo en el docente para contribuir a una educación con calidad.  Se demuestra la factibilidad y pertinencia de la propuesta a través del criterio de especialistas que indican la viablilidad de las actividades pedagógicas en el contexto escolar.
Estrategias digitales en la enseñanza de matemáticas en la educación superior: efecto de las tecnologías en la comprensión y aplicación de conceptos
Authors: Mejía López Andrea Daniela , Riofrio Sarmiento Edwin Santiago , Mullo Cóndor Kevin Santiago , Calderón Gutiérrez Joel Petter
Published: December 2024

El desarrollo acelerado de las tecnologías digitales ha transformado el sector educativo, particularmente en la enseñanza de matemáticas en la educación superior. Las herramientas tecnológicas, como plataformas interactivas y simuladores, mejoran la comprensión y aplicación de conceptos matemáticos complejos, permitiendo una experiencia de aprendizaje más personalizada y dinámica. Estas estrategias favorecen un acceso equitativo al conocimiento y estimulan la participación activa de los estudiantes, lo que contribuye a un aprendizaje más profundo y significativo. Sin embargo, su implementación enfrenta desafíos, como la necesidad de formación docente, la falta de infraestructura tecnológica adecuada y las desigualdades en el acceso a recursos digitales. La enseñanza de matemáticas, en particular, enfrenta dificultades relacionadas con la retención de conceptos y la capacidad de los estudiantes para aplicar principios matemáticos a situaciones del mundo real. Estos problemas afectan tanto el rendimiento académico como el desarrollo de habilidades clave. En este marco, la investigación busca analizar el impacto de las estrategias digitales en la enseñanza de matemáticas, con el objetivo de identificar herramientas y enfoques que optimicen el aprendizaje. La revisión sistemática de la literatura, utilizando la metodología PRISMA, resalta que la integración adecuada de tecnologías facilita un aprendizaje más eficiente, mejorando la comprensión de conceptos abstractos y favoreciendo la resolución de problemas matemáticos.
The effects of Artificial Intelligence on the right to education
Authors: Dragomir Andreea-Nicoleta
Published: December 2024

The paper aims to underscore the necessity for a responsible, ethical, and interdisciplinary approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, aiming to maximize its benefits while safeguarding fundamental rights and values. It also emphasizes the crucial need for adopting appropriate public policies to plan and govern the integration of AI into the education system. Various aspects related to the impact of AI in education are explored, including the substantial investments made by the European Commission in research and innovation within the realm of digital education. The paper delves into the utilization of data and its analysis to support educational management and the implementation of personalized learning processes. Additionally, it highlights the rights and working conditions of teachers in the era of AI, emphasizing that, despite AI’s supportive role in education, human interaction remains foundational, and the rights and working conditions of teachers must be safeguarded. The rights of children concerning the use of AI in education, along with the necessity for the “right to be forgotten” in the context of data protection in the age of AI, are other noteworthy sections presented in the paper. Lastly, the paper underscores the significance of digital literacy, encompassing not only the ability to use technology but also an understanding of the concepts, skills and ethical dimensions associated with the development and utilization of artificial intelligence.
Jurisprudent basis in the matter of sport: the practice of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Televca Oleg
Published: December 2024

In this article we will refer to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the field of sports. In this context, we can talk about the existence of a fairly consistent and complex relevant jurisprudence. Although the Republic of Moldova does not have disputes in the field of sports that are the subject of examination at the Court, it is still interesting what kind of cases are examined by it.
Legal status of local elected representatives
Authors: Costachi Gheorghe , Donos Victor
Published: December 2024

The article contains a brief analysis of the legislation in force governing the legal status of local elected representatives. After identifying the circle of officials who make up the category of local elected representatives, it is argued which of them are elected by local authorities and which by local authorities, thus making a clear distinction between these two subcategories. At the same time, the public official status of local elected representatives is analysed, and it is noted that most of them, according to the legislation in force, exercise functions of public dignity, with the exception of councillors (who form local councils). Given that councillors cannot be recognised as public officials, it is argued that the legislation should be amended to expressly recognise their status as elected dignitaries (persons holding positions of public dignity)
Judges against judges
Authors: Creciun Natalia
Published: December 2024

The discipline of judges is an essential pillar of the judicial career. The proper management of this field is imperative, from the perspective of the need to ensure the balance between judicial independence and judicial responsibility, but also from the perspective of the impact of a disciplinary procedure on the image of the concerned judges and on the judiciary. In this context, the activity of the specialized bodies subordinated to the Superior Council of Magistracy with competencies regarding judicial discipline (the Disciplinary Board and the Judicial Inspection) is of increased doctrinal and professional interest. An overview of the current situation on this dimension is reflected in the Decisions of the Disciplinary Board and in the Annual Activity Reports of the concerned entities. The paper includes an analysis focused on a new trend found by the Judicial Inspection in 2022, namely on the fact of the submission of notifications regarding possible disciplinary violations committed by judges - also by fellow judges. What would be the causes that generated such a trend, how does this trend reflect the state of affairs in the judiciary, what would be the role of judicial self-government in ensuring the responsibility of individual judges and what would be the value of professional communication within the judicial system - these are some aspects researched in the paper, from the perspective of governance modernization mechanisms, focused on the protection of human rights.
Digitalization of healthcare and patient rights protection: risk analysis and countermeasures
Authors: Pisarenco Constantin
Published: December 2024

Research Objective: Comprehensive analysis of the impact of digitalization on patients’ rights and safety in the context of legal violations in healthcare. Materials and Methods: Analysis of relevant domestic and foreign literature sources, as well as normative legal acts, was conducted. Literature search was carried out in scientific libraries and the informational legal system “State Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Moldova.” Results and Discussion: Identified two key aspects of the impact of digital technologies on healthcare: positive changes, such as improved accessibility and personalization of medical services, and negative consequences, including the growth of cyber threats and data confidentiality issues. Discussed the need for a comprehensive approach to mitigate these risks, combining technological, organizational, and legal measures. The importance of future research on the impact of the latest technologies on data security and patients’ rights is noted. Conclusion: Digital technologies have improved healthcare but created challenges, including cyber threats, which require an integrated approach that combines technology, law, and education, as well as public-private partnerships and international community.
Some considerations on the features of administrative law
Authors: Turcan Liliana
Published: December 2024

In this study, the opinions regarding the features of Administrative Law presented in the specialized literature are examined. It is found that there is no unique view on this subject, the number and content of the features being different from one author to another. Some of the peculiarities of Administrative Law are subject to criticism, having an outdated character (for example: the impossibility of codifying this branch of Law). Identifying these features allows us to better understand the place and the importance of Administrative Law in the unitary legal system.
Constitutionality of the 2022 restrictions on freedom of expression at public meetings. Role of the ombudsman
Authors: Zubco Alexandru
Published: December 2024

The scientific work represents a reflection on the level of respect for fundamental human freedoms, such as freedom of assembly and expression following the actions of the national public authorities from October 2022. In September-October 2022, public anti-government meetings took place in the municipality of Chisinau. On October 13, 2022, by Decision of the Commission for Exceptional Situations no. 42, meetings for a period of more than four hours were prohibited and the removal of meeting participants was allowed, without the involvement of the organizer. On October 16, 2022, the police intervened in force and removed the participants of the protest from the center of the capital. In May 2023 there is a government meeting entitled “Moldova European National Assembly” which is allowed and supported by the authorities and the police. Although, the Republic of Moldova recognizes free expression as a fundamental form of voicing the population’s dissatisfaction with governing act, it seems that from 2022 this constitutional principle started to be affected. The government has initiated a series of processes camouflaged under the aspect of respecting national interests and public order in order to reduce manifestations inappropriate to it. The article in its extended version was addressed in a thematic report of the People’s Advocate, prepared by the author.
Judicial decision-making process: beyond the robes
Authors: Ursu Valeria
Published: December 2024

Judicial decision-making forms the bedrock of legal systems, shaping individual lives and societal structures. While traditionally portrayed as an objective application of legal principles, the decision-making process is far more complex, influenced by a multitude of factors beyond legal texts. This article delves into the intricacies of judicial decision-making, examining the interplay between legal norms, judicial philosophies, personal values, and external pressures.
Specific features of subsidiary liability for preferential payments made in the month preceding the debtor’s
Authors: Iosip Andrei
Published: December 2024

The insolvency process represents an efficient mechanism that sustains the economic dynamism of states. The institution of holding individuals subsidiarily responsible has its origins dating back to ancient times, with significant regulations being developed by ancient and medieval legislators. The institution of subsidiary liability serves as an effective mechanism capable of compelling the members of the debtor’s management organs to be accountable for fraudulent actions committed with the intent to defraud the creditors of the debtor estate.
The institution of self-dissolution of parliament. Is there a solution for the Republic of Moldova?
Authors: Moldovanu Radu
Published: December 2024

This article aims to provide an analysis of the dissolution mechanism by decision of Parliament as one of the constitutional tool for unblocking constitutional crises. Thus, the main objective is to analyse the opportunity to introduce the institution that allow the Parliament to vote for its own dissolution, thus enabling Parliament to decide whether it should dissolve itself before the end of its legal term. Another important component of the article is to describe the Constitutional Court of Moldova approach regarding this institution and the constitutional experience of the self dissolution mechanism of the Parliament in 1993.
Creating law: between legislating and norming
Authors: Lazar Matei
Published: December 2024

The article contains a brief study on the problem of creating law as a distinct activity of the state, in order to identify the essence of this activity and the ways to achieve it. In particular, in the article is analyzed the distinction between the lawmaking activity and the normative activity of the state, stressing the need to delineate and know in detail the legislative process and the normative process of the state authorities.
Implications of new changes in competition law for anti-competitive agreements
Authors: Chitanu Grigore
Published: December 2024

On July 25, 2023, the Parliament adopted in its final reading Law no. 199 by which significant changes were made to the Competition Law no. 183/2012 which entered into force on September 18, 2023. These changes were made in order to implement the international commitments assumed by the Republic of Moldova, in the context of obtaining the status of a candidate country for accession to the European Union and the Association Program between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova 2021-2027, with the aim of harmonizing the national legislation with the normative framework of the European Union and implementing the good practices of the member states of the European Union. The new provisions of the Competition Law no. 183/2012, come with several amendments including those related to anti-competitive agreements and the procedure for carrying out inspections, which are to be analyzed in this communication.
The preeminence of the best interests of the child în the context of the child’s return procedure or exercise of visitation rights
Authors: Vrabie Dina
Published: December 2024

The principle of the best interest of the child aims to guarantee the supremacy of his rights, compared to the multitude of rights belonging to mature people. The child turns out to be helpless when the adults disguise their revenge on each other under pretexts of special care and affection for the child. The state is impartial and has assumed responsibility for ensuring the interests of the child by implementing appropriate mechanisms. In the procedure for returning or exercising the right of visitation, the interest of the child is examined in the light of the benefits or risks that a possible return of the child or the approval of the right of visitation could bring, for the physical and mental integrity of the child.
Violation by vehicle drivers of road traffic rules through aggressive behavior
Authors: Ginco-Fodor Daniela
Published: December 2024

Aggressive traffic behavior significantly increases the risk of road accidents. Sudden maneuvers, dangerous overtaking and aggressive pursuit can lead to collisions with serious consequences. Aggressive leaders endanger not only themselves, but also those around them. Constant stress can have an impact on the physical and mental health of all road users. According to traffic laws in various countries, aggressive behavior in traffic is punishable by legal penalties such as fines, suspension of driving license and even imprisonment in serious cases. To combat aggressiveness in traffic, it is essential to promote road education and responsible driving behavior. Awareness courses and awareness campaigns can help change the mindset of drivers. The preventive approach is essential to reduce aggressive behavior in traffic. Preventive measures such as the creation of road infrastructure, the promotion of mutual respect in traffic and appropriate sanctions can help reduce incidents of aggression.
The particulars of the institution of civil liability of magistrates in the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Authors: Mihailenco Olga
Published: December 2024

According to international standards, states must ensure the right to access to justice, which implies not only the possibility of filing an action in court, but also ensuring that the complaint is examined fairly by an independent court, in a procedure in which the citizen’s rights are respected. And in the event that damage has been caused to the litigant through the activity of the court, he is entitled to file a civil action against the state, which in turn, in the case of admitting the complaint and paying compensation, is entitled to file an action in recourse against the magistrate. In this article we propose to carry out a detailed analysis of the provisions of the normative framework in the field of civil liability of magistrates in the Republic of Moldova and in Romania, examining their correspondence to the general principles of law and the provisions of the international normative framework.
Criminological and legal-penal analysis of the facts incriminated by art. 317 of the criminal code of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Samoilenco Victor
Published: December 2024

Escaping from places of detention is a criminal act according to the legislation of the Republic of Moldova. The number of escapes that are committed annually is insignificant in correlation with the number of convicts. And yet, the parliament decided that there is a need to keep the act of escape incriminated. And rightfully so, in the absence of incrimination, the number of escapes would increase significantly. The conditions of detention, the imperfections of the prison guard wall, the crisis of human resources play an important role in this case. In this context, the passing through the judicial filter of the few escapes that happen every year must be fair and proportionate. Measures must be taken to improve the legislative framework and the causes that stimulate the escape of convicts must be studied and improved as much as possible. Namely the study of the opportunities for legislative improvement resulting from the analysis of the signs that characterize the elements of the crime component as well as the identification of the causes that stimulate the escape are the object of this research. In the object also are contained the measures that can be taken to improve these causes.
State security and respect for human rights in the digital age
Authors: Moisoiu Roxana Mihaela
Published: December 2024

We live in a highly digitized era where access to the latest technologies allows us to access information that we can use both in the sphere of professional concerns and in the sphere of research challenges. It is known that Europe as the cradle of civilization in the Balkan Peninsula is the target of a cyber attack every 44 seconds. The statistics are not at all encouraging, as two out of 5 European citizens have experienced cyber security issues, and one out of 8 businesses have been targeted by such attacks. Romania enjoys a won and confirmed place in the field of digital security. In this sense, our country was chosen to host the European Competence Center in the field of Cyber Security. In the private sector we have one of the largest antivirus companies in the world. But we still have a lot to learn from the highly developed countries that dominate cyber security. Digitization from the perspective of the consequences on the economic level is a particularly complex process because it obviously accelerates the fulfillment of each of the objectives of sustainable development. However, the advantages and disadvantages of digital technology should not be minimized, especially from the point of view of risks such as the risk of personal data theft, the spread of terrorism and crimes, as well as obvious difficulties regarding the lack of specialization of the global population for new jobs which will be digitized by the disappearance of other jobs. The use of information technology provides anonymity to users, facilitates the logistical support of criminals and reduces the risk that they will be brought to justice by favoring remote controlled operations. Analyzing the impact of digitization, both from the point of view of the advantages and the disadvantages it presents, is an obvious necessity, dictated by the economic social political reality existing at the level of the EU as well as at the level of Moldova and Romania. Thus, cyber security must be analyzed and argued in the context of respecting human rights, especially economic rights, which will facilitate a dignified and smooth existence of social welfare.
Digital contracts
Authors: Rusnac Aliona
Published: December 2024

In this article be will analysed the concept of digital contract and its status within legislation of the Republic of Moldova. Also, it will be emphasised the concept of unnamed type of contract in online sphere, qualification of this contracts. The issues of implementation of the new provisions of EU directives
Perspectives of the implementation of electronic auction in the execution procedure
Authors: Dubolari Radu
Published: December 2024

Enforcement is one of the fundamental institutions of civil procedural law and an important component of justice in a just state. Public confidence in the act of justice also depends to a large extent on the effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms, and it is absolutely necessary that a court decision obtained following a judicial procedure, often lengthy and costly, has a practical purpose, so that the litigant is aware of the benefits of obtaining a positive outcome in the process. Otherwise, in the absence of coherent, clear, flexible and expeditious procedural means to ensure that the enforceable title is effectively enforced, the party would be unable to enjoy the proceedings, the enforceable title thus conferring on the creditor only a right theoretically and illusory.
Conceptual benchmarks in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Romania regarding the resolution of conflicts between the branches of power in the state
Authors: Moldovanu Radu
Published: December 2024

This article aims to provide an analysis of the conceptual issues related to the Constitutional Court of Romania jurisdiction in solving institutional conflicts between the political authorities. Thus, the main objective is to analyze the Constitutional Court of Romania approach regarding the insurance of the separation of powers principle.
How to Use Claude to Control Your Computer: A Step-by-Step Computer Use Tutorial
Authors: Yang Zijian
Published: December 2024

Hands-On Guide to Experiencing Claude’s Computer-Use Feature Without Any Coding Background

Author

Zijian Yang (

ORCID:

0009–0006–8301–7634)

Introduction

Claude 3.5 has introduced a significant update, with the most noteworthy feature being its “Computer Use” capability, allowing it to control a computer.
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ICT INTEGRATED LEARNING AT HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL
Authors: Ebne Saud Khan  , Dr. Santanu Biswas
Published: December 2024

The use of ICT contributes to the creation of an imaginative classroom setting and the cultivation of fresh perspectives among pupils. Computer-based tools make it possible for students of any skill level to access a wide variety of materials, expanding the range of possible responses to students' questions. In this article an attempt has been made to study the Male student’s attitude towards ICT integrated learning at Higher Secondary level, to study the female students attitude towards ICT integrated learning at Higher Secondary level and to find out the difference between male and female in their attitude towards ICT integrated Learning. The present study involves both qualitative and quantitative data. Both primary and secondary data have been used in this study. This study consists of a sample of 100 students including male (50) and female (50) studying in the higher secondary level in different schools located in Birbhum. Samples have been selected randomly.Data has been collected by using a questionnaire entitled “Online Learning Questionnaire” used on 23/07/04 consisting of 26 items of 4point likert scale of Strongly Agree(4), Agree(3), Disagree(2) and Strongly Disagree(1).Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ‘t’ test. Findings of the study indicate that Male students’ attitude towards ICT integrated learning differ significantly from that of the Female students’.
La revisión de sentencias del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos de Estrasburgo contra España por el Tribunal Supremo español en estos últimos cinco años (2019-2024). Primera parte: jurisdicción penal
Authors: Elósegui Itxaso María
Published: December 2024

En este artículo (que se publicará en dos partes, la primera sobre materia penal, y la segunda sobre materia administrativa, civil y social) se analiza de modo completo y novedoso todas las sentencias de recursos de revisión presentadas ante el TS español en ejecución de sentencias del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos de estos cinco últimos años (2019-2024). Ascienden a un total de 32 sentencias, de las que 26 de ellas han sido ya resueltas y estimada su revisión excepto en tres casos. 6 de ellas están pendientes de resolver. En el artículo se expone no sólo el recurso de revisión, sino lo ocurrido posteriormente al mismo, en los casos en que la estancia judicial a la que se ha retrotraído el caso ha dictado también sentencia. Se desarrolla una investigación sobre el modo en el que el TS ha respondido de modo individualizado a cada recurso dependiendo de la violación concreta indicada por la sentencia de Estrasburgo, así como las novedades jurídicas y soluciones creativas, todas ellas rigurosas, dadas por las distintas secciones del TS. Además, detrás de este elenco, se aprecia cuáles son los problemas detectados en el ordenamiento y jurisprudencia españoles, que requerirían una actuación del legislador y de los tribunales españoles, más allá de los demandantes concretos que han planteado un recurso ante el TEDH y posteriormente ante el TS. Por otro lado, se aprecia claramente cómo de hecho algunas sentencias han contribuido a un cambio profundo en la protección de los Derechos Humanos contemplados en el Convenio a través de la influencia de esta jurisprudencia en los tribunales españoles. En materia de Derecho penal es necesario insistir en la necesidad de ser oído en segunda instancia para probar el dolo cuando la primera sea absolutoria.
El impacto de la desinformación en la propagación del discurso de odio racista y xenófobo
Authors: Souto Galván Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Las narrativas falsas con motivación prejuiciosa sobre los colectivos tradicionalmente discriminados difundidas a través de plataformas digitales son hoy en día una herramienta empleada profusamente para denigrar y calumniar a amplios espectros sociales. Si bien nuestra legislación protege a dichos colectivos de tales conductas mediante la criminalización del discurso del odio, se ha de tener en cuenta que el bien jurídico protegido por el delito —la dignidad y el derecho a no ser discriminado— no es el único que puede ser lesionado con este tipo de actos desinformativos. El derecho a una información veraz, garantizado por nuestro ordenamiento constitucional, considerado como un bien público o, en todo caso, como un interés general, ha de ser también valorado en cuanto generador de una opinión pública libre, indispensable para un correcto funcionamiento del sistema democrático.
Desórdenes informativos en línea y la moderación de contenidos en la Era Digital
Authors: Sentí Navarro Carla
Published: December 2024

En la era digital, los desórdenes informativos en línea han emergido como una preocupación capital de la sociedad contemporánea. Este artículo examina en profundidad estos desórdenes, destacando la necesidad de una definición rigurosa de los conceptos que se utilizan para describir estos desórdenes. Se analiza cómo las libertades de expresión e información, derechos con una especial preeminencia en nuestro sistema constitucional, se adaptan a la era digital, y posteriormente se aborda el tema de la moderación de contenidos en línea. En cuanto a la moderación de contenidos en línea, estudiamos las regulaciones que se han aprobado en el ámbito de la Unión Europea, esencialmente la Directiva de Comercio Electrónico y la Ley de Servicios Digitales. Ésta última busca desarrollar y adaptar ciertos aspectos de la anterior regulación para adaptarla al contexto presente y a los retos que han ido surgiendo, combinas técnicas de regulación fuerte en sentido estricto, con otras de autorregulación para abordar de manera integral la problemática.
El artículo 166 CE y la iniciativa autonómica de reforma constitucional. ¿Es constitucionalmente viable un referéndum autonómico consultivo sobre la secesión en virtud de esta prerrogativa?
Authors: Pacheco Gómez Antonio
Published: December 2024

Este artículo pretende estudiar la iniciativa de reforma constitucional de las Comunidades Autónomas para, en concreto, hallar una respuesta jurídica a una de las principales aspiraciones surgidas a raíz del denominado «proceso soberanista de Cataluña»: la celebración de un referéndum autonómico de secesión. Analizaremos, para ello, el proceso constituyente, naturaleza, aplicación práctica y jurisprudencia del artículo 166 en relación al 87.2 de la Constitución española de 1978.
Assessment of the Load-Bearing Capacity of the Old Railway Bridge With Encased Steel Beams
Authors: Bilko Piotr , Sawczyński Szymon
Published: December 2024

The subject of this study is the inventory and assessment of the load-bearing capacity of a railway bridge. The analysis was conducted on a bridge with a concrete slab reinforced by steel beams as the load-bearing element. The structure is located in the village of Bukowina, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland. The aim of the study is to assess the load-bearing capacity of the bridge. The structure’s geometry was measured, and its concrete strength class determined. This article presents the results of stress limitation calculations for the tested bridge. Three calculation procedures based on two approaches—a concrete-encased beam and a bending section reinforced with rigid inserts — were applied. The analysis demonstrated that, despite the unesthetic appearance of the bridge, it meets the stress limitation requirements. Though over a hundred years old, the structure remains suitable for use today.
Rock Mass Preconditioning Methods in Underground Mines and Ways of its Evaluation –
state-of-the-art
Authors: Fuławka Krzysztof , Szumny Marcin , Mertuszka Piotr
Published: December 2024

Currently, the most serious problem associated with underground mining of deposits is geomechanical hazard, which significantly disrupts the production process and exposes the mining crew to a threat to life and health. As recent achievements in the field of minimizing geomechanical hazards show, rock mass preconditioning is the most effective way to prevent the risk of rock bursts and mining-induced seismic activity in underground mines. In principle, rock mass preconditioning involves reducing rock mass strength parameters by the controlled creation in the fractured zones by introducing an external force inside the rock mass. Most often, this can be achieved using hydrofracturing or blasting. This paper is focused on the description of the current State-of-The-Art in rock mass preconditioning methods which are applied to improve the efficiency of ore extraction in underground mines. Selected ways of rockmass preconditioning evaluation has been analysed and future ways of development in the scope of active rock mass preconditioning has been described.
OPTIMALISASI KINERJA ALAT X-RAY PHILLIPS OPTIMUS RAD ROOM: PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK MENDUKUNG LAYANAN KESEHATAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Amrullah Rizky
Published: December 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan memperbaiki alat X-Ray merek Phillips tipe Optimus RAD Room di Rumah Sakit Paru Dr. Ario Wirawan yang mengalami kerusakan pada beberapa komponen utama, yaitu Break pada Stand Rel (service board yang mensuplai tegangan), tombol arah pada kolimator, Fuse, dan Relay unit. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi identifikasi kerusakan menggunakan alat uji elektronik, perbaikan dan penggantian komponen yang rusak, pengujian fungsi alat pasca-perbaikan, serta pelatihan teknisi rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan kapasitas pemeliharaan mandiri. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada performa alat, termasuk stabilitas suplai tegangan, responsivitas pengaturan kolimator, serta keamanan operasional dengan mengganti komponen protektif seperti Fuse dan Relay. Alat kembali berfungsi secara optimal, menghasilkan gambar radiografi yang lebih akurat, dan mendukung pelayanan medis yang lebih efisien. Kegiatan ini juga menekankan pentingnya pemeliharaan berkala dan kolaborasi antara institusi akademik dengan fasilitas kesehatan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan layanan. Keberhasilan program ini menjadi model yang dapat direplikasi di fasilitas kesehatan lain dengan kondisi serupa.
VALIDATION OF A NONLINEAR WAVE DECOMPOSITION METHOD INCLUDING SHOALING FOR IRREGULAR WAVES
Authors: De Ridder Menno , Den Bieman Joost , Kramer Jan
Published: December 2024

It is important to decompose the signals when performing physical model experiments. In this paper, a nonlinear decomposition method is extended with the effects of a sloping bed. The approach is validated based on synthetic signals and numerical simulations. Verification with linear synthetic signals shows that the effect on the wave height is limited for intermediate water depth, but increases for shallow water depth with an error of up to 4%. Moreover, when not accounted for a sloping bed the wave height at the first wave gauge is overestimated in shallow water and underestimated in deep water. The results from the numerical simulations show that a shoaling coefficient for the bound waves based on the water depth ratio with a power 1 is reasonably accurate for the sub-harmonics but not valid for the higher harmonics. In addition, it is recommended to verify this assumption for a large range of test conditions. When applying both the method without and with the effects of a sloping bed on physical model experiments, the average differences are 1 % with a maximum up to 4 % in terms of the wave height.
أثر التحكيم البحري في فض نزاعات عقود النقل البحري وسندات الشحن
Authors: عبد الموجود عبد الوهاب امل فراج
Published: December 2024

المستخلص
تؤدى عقود النقل البحري وسندات الشحن دورًا حيويًا في التجارة الدولية، إذ تعتبر وسيلة رئيسية لنقل البضائع بين الدول ومع تزايد حجم التجارة العالمية وتعقيداتها، تنشأ نزاعات مختلفة تتطلب حلولًا فعالة وسريعة ومن هنا يبرز دور التحكيم كوسيلة بديلة لتسوية النزاعات، حيث تكتسب أهمية متزايدة في هذا المجال. ويُعَد التحكيم وسيلة فعالة ومرنة لتسوية النزاعات التي تنشأ في مجال النقل البحري وسندات الشحن ويتميز التحكيم بعدة مزايا تجعل منه خيارًا مفضلاً للأطراف المتنازعة، منها السرعة في الفصل بالنزاعات، والسرية التي تحافظ على العلاقات التجارية، وكذلك إمكانية اختيار المحكمين ذوي الخبرة الفنية والقانونية في المجال البحري، وتتضمن التشريعات المحلية والدولية عددًا من القوانين والاتفاقيات التي تنظم التحكيم البحري. على سبيل المثال، تُعَد اتفاقية نيويورك لعام 1958 بشأن تنفيذ أحكام التحكيم الأجنبية إحدى أهم الاتفاقيات التي تسهل تنفيذ الأحكام التحكيمية عبر الحدود. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تتضمن القوانين الوطنية، مثل قانون التحكيم المصري رقم 27 لعام 1994، أحكامًا خاصة بتنظيم إجراءات التحكيم وضمان تنفيذ الأحكام الصادرة عن هيئات التحكيم.
ويؤدى الخبراء البحريون والقانونيون دورًا حاسمًا في دعم إجراءات التحكيم في نزاعات النقل البحري وسندات الشحن حيث يتم اختيار المحكمين بناءً على خبرتهم الواسعة في المجال البحري، مما يضمن فهماً دقيقًا للتعقيدات الفنية والقانونية للنزاعات هذا الاختيار يسهم في بناء الثقة بين الأطراف المتنازعة وفي التوصل إلى حلول عادلة وفعالة، مما يسهم لتحكيم في تعزيز العلاقات التجارية البحرية من خلال توفير آلية موثوقة لحل النزاعات. فبدلاً من اللجوء إلى القضاء الوطني، الذي قد يكون بطيئًا ومعقدًا، يمكن للأطراف تسوية نزاعاتهم بشكل سريع وسري من خلال التحكيم هذا يعزز من استقرار المعاملات التجارية البحرية ويشجع على مزيد من الاستثمارات في هذا القطاع الحيوي.
ورغم المزايا العديدة للتحكيم البحري، إلا أنه يواجه بعض التحديات من بينها اختلاف القوانين الوطنية المتعلقة بتنفيذ أحكام التحكيم، وضرورة توحيد المعايير الدولية لضمان تنفيذ الأحكام بفعالية كما أن تكلفة التحكيم قد تكون مرتفعة، خاصة في القضايا الكبيرة والمعقدة، وتوصي الدراسة بتحسين التحكيم البحري من خلال عدة إجراءات وهي: تعزيز التعاون الدولي من خلال توقيع اتفاقيات ثنائية وجماعية تعزز من تنفيذ أحكام التحكيم البحري، وتطوير التشريعات الوطنية لضمان مواكبتها للتطورات الدولية وتوفير بيئة قانونية مشجعة للتحكيم، التدريب والتأهيل من خلال قيام الدول بتعزيز برامج التدريب والتأهيل للمحكمين البحريين لرفع كفاءتهم، وزيادة الوعي بأهمية التحكيم كوسيلة لتسوية النزاعات البحرية بين الممارسين في هذا المجال.
وبذلك؛ يُعَد التحكيم أداة فعالة لتسوية النزاعات الناشئة عن عقود النقل البحري وسندات الشحن، مما يسهم في تعزيز التجارة البحرية الدولية. ومع التحسين المستمر للإطار القانوني والتشريعي، يمكن للتحكيم أن يلعب دورًا أكبر في دعم الاستثمارات البحرية وتحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية. يتطلب ذلك، تعاونًا دوليًا وتطويرًا للتشريعات المحلية، بالإضافة إلى تعزيز التدريب والتأهيل في مجال التحكيم البحري.