bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF USING MIND MAPPING STRATEGY ON THE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
Authors: Anni Holila Pulungan Evi Efrilita Sari And
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the effect of using mind mapping strategy on the students’ achievement in writing procedure text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was grade X students of SMA Negeri 1 Merbau Labura divided into two groups, namely experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using mind mapping strategy, while the control group was taught by using lecturing method. The instruments used to collect the data was writing procedure text. After the data were analyzed, it was found that the value of t-observed was 2.764 with the degree of freedom (df)= 58 at the level of significance 0.05. It means that t-observed was higher than t-table (2.764 >2.000). The result of this study showed that teaching procedure text by using mind mapping strategy was higher than that by using lecturing method. It implies that mind mapping strategy is appropriate to be applied for writing procedure text.
THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE WORD INDUCTIVE MODEL ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
Authors: Sumarsih Indah C.R Marbun And
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find out whether students’ achievement trough using Picture Word Inductive Model is higher than trough lecture method in writing procedure text. The research was conducted by experimental research used in two groups. They are experimental use picture word inductive model and control use lecture method. The subject of this were the students of SMP 32 class IX-A and IX-B consisted of 30 students for each class. To collecting the data was taken from writing test. After analyzing the data, it was found that the value of t-obs was 4.16 with degree of freedom (df) = 58 at the level of significance p(0,05) = 2,000. It means that t-obs is higher than t-table. It was found that teaching procedure text by use picture word inductive model is higher than lecture method. Picture word inductive model has a significant effect on students’ achievement in writing procedure text.
THE EFFECT OF PEER REVIEW STRATEGY ON THE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH
Authors: I Wayan Dirgeyasa Sri Agus Murniasih And
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted to know the effect of applying Peer Review Strategy on the students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph. It was conducted by using experimental research method. This research design was conducted pre-test, post test in experimental and control group. The population of this research was the eight (VIII) grade students of SMP IT IQRA’ Medan. The sample of this research was taken by lottery technique. They were in class VIII-1 by experimental group and the class VIII-2 by control group. The experimental group was taught by using Peer Review Strategy while the control group was given no treatment. The instrument used to collect the data was writing essay test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result showed that the value of t-observed was higher than the value of t-table. (3,55 > 2,05 (a = 0.05)) with the degree of freedom (df) = 28. It means that there was a significant effect of applying Peer Review Strategy on the students’ achievement in writing descriptive paragraph. So, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted.
THE EFFECT OF USING VIDEO ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT SMA N 2 PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Bachtiar Rawiyah Damanik And
Published: May 2019

This study is an attempt to discover the effect of using video on students’achievement in writing descriptive text. It was conducted by using experimentalresearch design. The Population of this research was the tenth (X) grade studentsof SMAN 2 Pematangsiantar which consists of eleven parallel classes with thetotal number of students is 389. The samples of this research were taken byrandom sampling through lottery technique. The result was class X PMIA 2consisted of 30 students became the experimental group and class X PMIA 7consisted of 30 students became the control group. The experimental group wastaught by using Video while the control group was taught without using Video.The instrument for collecting the data was writing test. The data were analyzed byusing t-test formula. The result shows that the value of t-observed (5.078) ishigher than the value of t-table (2.000) (α = 0.05) with the degree of freedom (df)= 58. It means that there is a significant effect of using Video on students’achievement in writing descriptive text. So, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) isaccepted.
THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCES STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXTS
Authors: Sumarsih Anisya Hardianti Daulay And
Published: May 2019

This study attempts to discover the effect of applying Personal Experiences Strategy on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the tenth (X) grade students of SMA N 6 Padangsidimpuan which consists of 10 parallel classes with the total number of students is 64. The samples of this research were taken by random sampling through lottery technique. The result was class X1 consisted of 32 students became the experimental group and class X2 consisted of 32 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by Personal Experiences Strategy while the control group was taught by using Big group work strategy. The instrument was used to collect the data was writing narrative text. After the data were analyzed, it was found that the value of t-observed was 4.25 with the degree of freedom (df) = 62 at the level significance 0.05. it means that t-observed was higher than t-table (4.25 > 1.997. The result of this study showed that teaching narrative text by using personal experiences strategy was higher than that by big group work.
THE EFFECT OF SMALL GROUP WORK STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’S ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT
Authors: Masitowarni Siregar Asrina Sari Siregar And
Published: May 2019

This study attempts to discover the effect of applying Small Group Work Strategy on students’ achievement in writing procedure text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the nineth (IX) grade students of SMP N 1 Padang Bolak Julu which consists of 3 parallel classes with the total number of students is 90. The samples of this research were taken by random sampling through lottery technique. The result was class IX1 consisted of 30 students became the experimental group and class IX3 consisted of 30 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by Small Group Work Strategy while the control group was taught by using individual work strategy. The instrument was used to collect the data was writing procedure text. After the data were analyzed, it was found that the value of t-observed was 3.37 with the degree of freedom (df) = 58 at the level significance 0.05. it means that t-observed was higher than t-table (3.37 > 2.00. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is reected and the hypothesis alternative (Ha) is accepted.
THE USE OF COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNINGMETHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Berlin Sibarani Eko Widoyo Putro And
Published: May 2019

This study is aimed at improving the second grade of students’ speakingachievement by using Community Language Learning (CLL) Method. Theresearch was conducted by applying classroom action research. The subject of thisstudy was second grade of Private Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah AtasSwasta) of Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa which consisted of 31 students. Tocollect the data, the instruments used were primary data (SpeakingTest) andsecondary data (interview sheet, observation sheet, field notes). It can be seenfrom the score in test I, test II and test III. In the Test I, the mean of the students’score was (64.77), in the Test II was (71.35), and the mean of the students’ scoreof the Test III was (80.90). Based on the interview, and observation sheet, itshows that the expression and excitement of the students got improved as well. Itwas found that teaching of speaking by using Community Language Learningcould significantly improve students’ speaking achievement.
THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK USED IN THE FIRST GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL BASED ON CURRICULUM 2013
Authors: Tiarnita Maria Sarjani Siregar Wita Nurhikmah And
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze feasibility of content (2) to analyze feasibility of presentation in the English Textbook “Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA/MA/SMK Kelas X” according to Curriculum 2013. This study used descriptive qualitative. The data collected for this study were from “Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA/MA/SMK Kelas X” published by Yrama Widya with the writer Otong Setiawan Dj. There are 12 chapters within this textbook and the writer determined to study 6 out of 12 chapters as the sample for the whole book. The results of this study were (1) the feasibility of content in English Textbook “Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA/MA/SMK Kelas X” according to Curriculum 2013 with percentage 89.58%. (2) the feasibility of Presentation in English Textbook “Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA/MA/SMK Kelas X” according to Curriculum 2013 with percentage 88.88%. (3) KD and KI in this textbook also according to Curriculum 2013.Therefore, it can be concluded that English Textbook “Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA-MA/SMK Kelas X” published by Yrama Widya, in terms of feasibility of content and feasibility of presentation, was good to be used in the first grade of senior high school using curriculum 2013.
PRONUNCIATION ERRORS IN VOWELS BY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Johan Sinulingga Ratna Dewi Br Ginting And
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to find out the pronunciation errors in long vowels in speaking test that have been made by the office administration and travel agency students SMK Negeri 1 Binjai. It was conducted by using qualitative research. The sample of this stufy is 30 students which is from office administration and travel agency students. The instrument of this research is speaking test that recorded in each student. The results shown the total errors in office administration students are 103 while in travel agency students are 118. The percentage of the error of office administration class is 47% and the percentage of the error of travel agency class is 53%. It shown that their ability in speaking test is still low. It was concluded that office administration students are better than travel agency students in speaking.
TEACHERS STRATEGY IN TEACHING NARRATIVE TEXT AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Muhammad Natsir Ade Elvina Harianja And
Published: May 2019

This study is a qualitative descriptive. This research was conducted by direct observation of English teachers. This research was conducted by direct observation of the teacher in the classroom and by interviewing. Researchers studied four English teachers and gave the same four questions to each teacher. Indicators of success include three English teachers use cooperative strategy. The results of this study showed that three out of four English teachers who are in SMA Negeri 1 OnanRunggu using cooperative strategies in the teaching of narrative text. That means that 75% of 100% choose to use a cooperative strategy. Thus, it is suggested that the english teachers apply strategy cooperative when teaching narrative text.
DEVELOPING INTERACTIVE MEDIA TO TEACH SPEAKING SKILL FOR GRADE 11 STUDENTS
Authors: Nora Ronita Dewi Anggi Yulihar And
Published: May 2019

The study deals with the developing interactive media for senior high school students. The objective of this study is to find out how to develop interactive media for better speaking skill of senior high school students. The research was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D). The subject of this research was 2016/2017 students of the eleventh grade of Class XI IPA4 in SMAN 1 Batang Kuis. The number of the students was 30 students. The data of this study was collected by using need analysis questionnaire and experts’ judgment. Need analysis questionnaire was calculated by using percentage to get the information of students’ need before developing interactive media. Experts’ judgment was calculated by using likert data, mean and criteria interval of expert judgment to know the validity of interactive media which has been developed. After the data analyzed, it was found that the experts’ judgment result was 4.80 which had a very good criteria interval. The result of the research find that interactive media is a very good to be used in teaching speaking skill.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS FOR STUDENTS OF CERDAS MURNI ISLAMIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Morada Tetty Diah Ayu Nanda And
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to develop English reading materials needed for students ofCerdas Murni Islamic Junior High School through Authentic Material Approach(AMA).The objective of this study was to develop relevant English readingmaterials to the needs of Cerdas Murni Islamic Junior High School studentsespecially eight grade . This study was conducted by Research and Development(R&D) design through six phases: 1) Collecting data, 2) Analyzing data, 3)Developing new materials, 4) Validating product 5) Revising materials, 6) finalproduct. The data of this research were from the existing materials, syllabus,students’ questionnaire, and the teachers’ interview. The result of this researchshowed that the existing materials were not suitable to the Islamic schoolstudents’ needs.. Therefore, new English reading materials were developedthrough Authentic Material Approach (AMA) principles in order to meet theIslamic students’ needs. Furthermore, developing English reading materials wererecount text. Recount text expose personal recount “Tarawih Changed his Lifeand the biographical recounts of Prophet Muhammad SAW and Shalahuddin Al-Ayyubi”. The English reading materials were validated by English teacher andEnglish lecturer. Both of them agreed that new English reading materials weresuitable with the Islamic school students’ needs.
THE READABILITY OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK NEGERI I BINJAI
Authors: Sortha Silitonga Floridawaty Siregar And
Published: May 2019

This research was aimed to find out whether the English reading texts areappropriate or not in terms of the readability level for the tenth grade students ofSMK Negeri 1 Binjai. This study focuses on the readability level of Englishreading texts for grade X students of SMK Negeri 1 Binjai majoring in Bankingclass in the academic year 2015/2016. This study is categorized as descriptivequantitative research. The data of the study was seven reading texts from anEnglish textbook entitled Bahasa Inggris published by Kementerian Pendidikandan Kebudayaan in 2014 with various length and genres as the source of datatested to 30 students as the research sample. The instruments of the research wereFlesch-Kincaid Grade level and Cloze Procedure Test. For the Flesch-KincaidGrade Level Formula, the researcher counts the words, syllables, sentences, theaverage number of words per sentence and the average number of syllables perwords of the reading text to determine the level of readability of the English textsin students’ textbook. The cloze test was used to assess the difficulty in terms of areader’s understanding and response to the structure of the language of a text. Theresults of the study show that based on the cloze test result, the researcher gets theaverage score of 7 reading texts is 57.39% and based on the Flesch-Kincaid GradeLevel Formula the average score is 6 so it can be concluded that reading texts ofBahasa Inggris published by Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan in 2014are in the Independent level because the reading texts are readable andunderstandable to the tenth grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Binjai, and the textsare predicted to be quite easy. Therefore, the researcher takes a conclusion thatthis textbook is not appropriate to be used by the students at the tenth gradestudents of SMK Negeri 1 Binjai because they can read them by their own.
THE EFFECT OF USING QUESTIONING STRATEGIES ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Berlin Sibarani Hana Julianty Ginting And
Published: May 2019

This study aims at investigating the effect of Questioning Strategies on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text. This study was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of the study was the students of grade VIII of SMP Negeri 5 Tebing Tinggi in the academic year 2015/2016, which consisted of 9 parallel classes. Two classes were taken as the sample by applying lottery technique and each groups consisted of 30 students. The sample was divided into two groups. The class VIII-5 was experimental group and class VIII-7 was control group. The Experimental group was taught by applying questioning strategies; otherwise the control group was taught by using conventional strategy. The data of the study were obtained by objectives test. To determine the reliability of the test, KR-20 formula was used. The data calculation showed that the coefficient of reliability of the test was 0.62. It showed that the test was reliable and the reliability was substantial. The data were analyzed by applying t-test formula. After the data were analyzed, the result of the study showed that t-observed (4.29) was higher than t-table (2.00) (t-observed > t-table) at the level of significance of α = 0.05 and at the degree of freedom (df) = 58. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and hypothesis alternative (Ha) is accepted. It means that there is significant effect of questioning strategies on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text.
DESIGNING INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA FOR WRITING SKILL BY USING MACROMEDIA FLASH 8
Authors: Nora Ronita Dewi Maysarah Pulungan And
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study are: 1) to design interactive learning media for writing skill by using Macromedia Flash 8, and 2) to investigate the eligibility product of interactive for writing skill by using Macromedia Flash 8. Research and development is used as the research method. This research took place at MAN 2 Model Medan. The product has validated by expert validations (material and media). The instrument for collecting data by using questionnaires with Likert scale 1-4. The data was analyzed based on expert validation to revise the product. The result shows that: 1) the material in interactive learning media for writing skill with the average 3.9 (Very eligible, no need revision), and 2) the interactive learning media is eligible, no need revision with average 3.2. Therefore, the product of interactive learning media is appropriate to use as interactive learning media in teaching learning English process.
DEVELOPING SONG AS MEDIA IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FOR GRADE X STUDENTS AT SMA N 2 KISARAN
Authors: Rafika Dewi Nasution Anisyah And
Published: May 2019

This research is aimed to develop song as media in writing descriptive text basedon the students’ needs and curriculum 2006 for the tenth grade students of SMA N2 Kisaran. There is one problem formulated in this research, How is song mediadeveloped in writing descriptive text to the tenth grade students of SMA N 2Kisaran. In order to answer the problem, the researcher conducted Research andDevelopment (R & D) method. The subject of this research was 2016/2017students of the tenth grade of SMA N 2 Kisaran. The number of the students was35 students. The data of this study was collected by using need analysisquestionnaire and expert judgment. Need analysis questionnaire was calculated byusing percentage to get the information of students’ need before developing songmedia. Expert judgment data were calculated by using score average of criteriainterval of expert judgment to know the validity of song media which has beendeveloped. After the data analyzed, it was found that the experts’ judgment resultwas 3.65 which had a good criteria interval.
READABILITY OF TEXTS FOR THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 3 MEDAN
Authors: Amrin Saragih Irma Andriyani Nasution And
Published: May 2019

This research was quantitatively and qualitatively conducted to analyze the readability of texts for the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Medan. The sources of the data were seven texts taken from students’ textbook entitled Bahasa Inggris. The texts in the second semester are written both in Recount and Narrative genres. The data were analyzed using Flesch Reading Ease Formula which is focused on the average sentence length and the average number of the syllables per words. The findings of this research show that the texts were grouped into five levels, they are Standard, Easy, Difficult, Very Easy and Fairly Easy. The average readability score for all texts is 70 which implies that the texts are in Standard level and are therefore compatible with the theory of Flesch which indicates that the texts are readable. However, in line with Flesch’ theory, the tenth grade students should be given a text which category belongs to Fairly Difficult and in relation to that, it is concluded that the texts in the textbook are readable yet they are inappropriate to be used for the tenth grade students.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING TEXT MATERIALS IN CULINARY FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Authors: Muhammad Natsir Chrishna Sianturi And
Published: May 2019

This study is aimed to develop English reading text materials about describing people, food and culinary spot based on students’ needs of Culinary Art. This study was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D). The subject of this research was class X SMKN 10 Medan consisting of 32 students. The language skill was concerned on reading comprehension, particularly in descriptive text. Qualitative data consist of syllabus, lesson plan, and existing teaching materials. Instrumentation for collecting data were questionnaire, interview and existing materials. After analyzing the data, the writer got the students’ need in learning English in term of vocation that they have through questionnaire and interview. After the students’ need had been analyzed, the new reading materials was developed. The developed teaching materials were related to the vocation that the students had; it was culinary art. The development of materials followed six stages; those were gathering information and data, analyzing data, designing new reading material, validating new reading material, revising new reading material, and final product revision. Based on the result of experts’ validation, the developing English reading text materials was equipped with adding one example in each exercise, adding the representative picture in each chapter and adding the generic structure of descriptive text on the reading text. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that developing English reading text materials is appropriate (4.32 = 86.55%) to use by the students of Culinary Art.
LEXICAL DENSITY OF READING TEXTS IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Isli Iriani Indiah Pane Desi Ariska And
Published: May 2019

This study deals with lexical density of English reading texts in the textbook of junior high school. The objectives of the study are to find out the lexical density of reading texts of English in Focus textbook, the text which has the highest lexical density in the reading texts, and the reason of the text which has the highest lexical density in reading texts. This study was conducted by descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research were the English reading texts of English in Focus textbook for ninth grade students of junior high school published by National Education Department. The result of the analysis showed that: (1) The lexical density of procedure texts are 5.90, 5.08, 5.5, and 4.69, report texts are 5.92, 4.22, 4.06, and 3.64 and narration texts are 2.92 and 2.90. The score showed that the lexical density of eleven reading texts on English in Focus textbook for ninth grade of junior high school is categorized medium based on the Halliday’s theory. It means that the texts are not difficult, easy to understand and suitable for ninth grade students of junior high school. (2) The highest lexical density of the reading texts is report text entitled “The Chinese Influence in Indonesian Visual Art” (5.92) because of the higher number of lexical items than grammatical items, few clauses and more vocabularies of words. (3) Report text has the highest lexical density because of the high proportion of lexical items in the text and it also because of the generic structure, language features and the style of writing report text.
THE EFFECT OF CONTEXTUAL GUESSING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Willem Saragih RatnaPurnama Sari And
Published: May 2019

This study deals with the effect of Contextual Guessing Technique (CGT) on students’ reading comprehension achievement in descriptive text. The problem of the study is to find out whether Contextual guessing Technique significantly affects students’ achievement in reading descriptive text or not. This study was conducted by using experimental design. The population of the study was the students of eighth grade of SMP Negeri 3 Perbaungan in academic years 2014/2015, there were 5 parallel classes of grade VIII. There were two classes selected to be sample. The experimental group (VIII-2) was taught by using CGT, while the control group was taught by applying conventional technique. The data of the study was obtained from the students’ scores of reading test. There were two kinds of test used in this study. They were pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by applying t-test formula. After analyzing the data, the result of the study showed that t-observed (2,322) was higher than t-table (2,024) (t-observed > t-table) at the level of significance of p=0,05 and the degree of freedom (df) = 38. Thus, it can be concluded that applying CGT significantly affects students’ achievement in reading descriptive text, or in other words, the null hypothesis is rejected; therefore, the alternative hypothesis is accepted.
THE EFFECT OF 3H (Here, Hidden, and in my Head) STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION IN NARRATIVE TEXT
Authors: Berlin Sibarani Ika Nurkasih And
Published: May 2019

This study was intended to find out the effect of applying 3H (Here, Hidden, and in my Head) Strategy on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this study was the second year students of SMP Al Hidayah Medan. The sample of this research was two classes which consisted of experimental and control group which were chosen by using clustering technique. There were thirty students which were taken as the sample in each class. The experimental group was taught by 3H (Here, Hidden, and in my Head) Strategy while control group was taught without 3H (Here, Hidden, and in my Head) Strategy. The instrument of collecting the data was multiple choice test which consists of 20 items. To obtain the reliability of the test, the researcher used Kuder Richardson (KR 20) formula. The calculation showed that the reliability is 0.84 (very high). The data were analyzed by using t-test. The calculation showed that t-observed (5.2) was higher than t-table (2.00) at the level of significance (ơ) 0.05 with degree of freedom (df) 58. The result of this study showed that 3H (Here, Hidden, and in my Head) Strategy was significantly affect on students’ reading comprehension achievement.
LEXICAL DENSITY AND GRAMMATICAL INTRICACY OF READING MATERIALS IN ENGLISH IN FOCUS TEXTBOOK FOR FIRST GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Sumarsih Amna Apriany Delima Batubara And
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find out the lexical density and grammatical intricacy of English reading texts in the textbook for the 1st grade of junior hih school to measure the difficulty of the text. The objectives of the study are to find out the lexical density and grammtical intricacy which formed in the reading texts of English in Focus Textbookwhich has the highest both of lexical density and grammatical intricacy. This study was conducted by descriptive method with qualitative research. The data of this research were the English reading texts of English in Focus Textbook for First Junior High School. The data were text analyzed by using Halliday’s theory. The result of this study; 1).Lexical density formed of the texts was high based on Halliday’s theory that the texts had more lexical item than grammatical item, Text 1 was 57.31%, Text 2 was 70.83%, Text 3 was 68.75%, Text 4 was 61.36%, Text 5 was 58.82%, Text 6 was 60.86%, Text 7 was 69.23%, Text 8 was 71.42%. Grammatical Intricacy formed of the texts was high based on Halliday’s theory that the texts had more complex clauses than simple clause, Text 1 was 7, Text 2 was 4, Text 3 was 2.16, Text 4 was 2, Text 5 was 1.08, Text 6 was 1.75, Text 7 was 2, Text 8 was 2. 2).Lexical density influences the difficulty of reading texts if it has higher proportion of lexical items than grammatical items. While grammaticcal intricacy also influences the difficulty of reading texts if it has higher proportion of complex clauses in comparison with simple clauses. 3).The length of the sentence did not influence the grammatical intricacy of the texts but the more complex clauses and content carrying lexical items could make the reader difficult to process the texts.
Reading Questions in English Textbook Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Anggraini T. Saragih Roy Indra Pratama Situmorang And
Published: May 2019

This study aimed at analyzing the cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy already appropriate to fulfil of reading questions in the contextual teaching and learning (fourth edition) textbook for ninth grade or not. It was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data were analyzed by using Table analysis of cognitive domain of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The findings showed that cognitive domain in Bloom’s Taxonomy already appropriate to fulfil reading questions in the textbook. It was proven by the data there were: Remembering obtains 73 of 145 reading questions or 50.3%, Understanding obtains 29 of 145 reading questions or 20%, Applying obtains 10 of 145 reading question or 6.9%, Analyzing obtains 19 of 145 reading questions or 13.1%, Evaluating 6 of 145 reading questions or 4.1% and Creating 8 of 145 reading questions or 5.6%. These results do not achieve the regulation by ministry of education and culture who said for Junior High School itself the proportion is remembering - understanding 20%, applying-analyzing 55%, evaluating 15%, and creating 10%.
AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL FEATURES IN REPORT TEXT BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF ACCOUNTING MAJOR AT SMK N 1 JORLANG HATARAN
Authors: Willem Saragih Nomita Herlina Manurung And
Published: May 2019

This study is purposed to describe the errors in grammatical features of report text. In addition, this study is also aimed to describe the possible causes of those errors. This study applied the descriptive qualitative approach in which the data was obtained from the report texts that were written by the eleventh grade students of accounting major in SMK N 1 Jorlang Hataran. The data were collected by using students’ report texts and questionnaires. The data then were analyzed by identifying the errors first, then describing the errors, and the last explaining the errors. The errors that occurred in students’ texts are errors in verbs, sentences, prepositions, articles, agreements, pronouns, modifiers, and tenses. The result of the study indicates that the students made 541 grammatical errors which were classified into: 37,15% errors in verbs, 18,85% errors in noun, 15,15% errors in sentence, 11,27% errors in preposition, 7,76% errors in article, 4,06% errors in pronoun, 3,51% errors in modifier, and 2,21% errors in tenses. The students’ errors were caused by 31,23% ignorance of grammatical rules, 28,09% incomplete application of rules, 15,89% false concept hypothesized, 13,86% interference of interlingual transfer, 9,05% wrong communication strategy, 1,84% over-generalization.
COGNITIVE LEVEL OF READING QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR GRADE XI
Authors: Meisuri Lamtiar Sinaga And
Published: May 2019

The objective of the study was to find out the cognitive level of the reading questions in English textbook for grade XI based on the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research were the reading questions in the English textbook for grade XI Senior High School. The result of this study was the whole reading questions in the textbook covering all of the cognitive levels, they were Remembering (26,02%), Understanding (26,02%), Applying (9,18%), Analyzing (33,16%), Evaluating (1,53%), and Creating (4,08 %).
DEVELOPING TEACHING MATERIAL ON NARRATIVE TEXT FOR THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS AT MTsN 2 MEDAN
Authors: Johan Dwita Sundari And
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to develop teaching materials on narrative text based on the students’ needs. This study was conducted by using Research and Development (R & D) design. The data was consisted of information who gathered by administering interview to the teacher and distributing questionnaires to the students. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires, interview, and syllabus. The result of this study was a set of developed teaching material. It covered of three units, they were: the story between animal and human, animal, and plant which were included into three texts, they were: Abrahah’s elephant, Neli’s fruit, story between Pleci’s trumpets and its fireworks. Each of the text comprised of three kinds of exercise and in the first page there was an explanation about narrative genre and its social function were provided.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING TEXT MATERIALS FOR CULINARY ART STUDENTS OF SMKN 1 KISARAN
Authors: Zainuddin Sri Wirdani Wulandari And
Published: May 2019

This study is aimed to develop English reading materials for vocational school. This study was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D). The subject of this research was Grade X students of Culinary Art Department of SMKN 1 Kisaran, Asahan, Sumatera Utaraconsisting of 25 students. The data consist of syllabus, lesson plan, syllabus and existing materials. Instrument of collecting data were questionnaires and interview which were used to collect information about students’ needs and learning needs. The evaluation of existing reading materials showed that the existing reading materials are not intended for students of Culinary Art Department. The existing reading materials are intended for all vocational students. After the students’ need and reading materials had been analyzed, the new reading material was developed that considering the students’ need and the relevant with culinary. The genre of the reading texts which were developed is descriptive text.The product was validated by an English teacher and an English lecturer with the mean score is 4.1 from 5. The product is categorized as “Good and Relevant” reading materials.
GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS’ AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SMK SWASTA PUTRA JAYA STABAT
Authors: Sumarsih Adi Sutrisno And
Published: May 2019

This study aims at analyzing of grammtical cohesion in writing narrative text. It was conducted by using qualitative descriptive. The subject of this research was tenth (X) grade students of SMK Swasta Putra Jaya Stabat. The number of subjects was taken from one classes. which consist of 37 students‟ and the data only take randomly for the sample of this reseach and choose 9 texts of the students‟ writing. The instrument for collecting data was writing Narrative text. The result of the study showed that (1). The grammatical cohesion was found in the narrative text written by the students‟through the applied of the cohesive device in their writing. There were found reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction in the students‟writing. (2). Each cohesive device those were found in the narrative text categorize good with the percentage around 58,49 – 72,72%, one categorize excellent with the percentage 81,25%. Substitution device categorize poor with the percentage        0- 2,04%. Ellipsis were poor with percentage around 0 – 8,33%. And conjunction were fair with 27,27 – 48,57%.
TEACHER QUESTIONS IN SMK TUNAS JAYA TANAH JAWA
Authors: Rika Anta Ovia Bancin And
Published: May 2019

The study deals with teacher questions during teaching learning process in SMK Tunas Jaya Tanah Jawa. The objectives of the study were to find out the types of questions used classification of questions based on Richards and Lockhart, and to reveal the reasons of questions that English teacher asked in the classroom used Richards and Lockhart’s reasons why teacher asked questions. The design of the research was a descriptive-qualitative research. The data were the transcriptions of teaching learning process collected by recording the observation and interview. The result showed that teacher asked three types of questions; convergent questions, procedural questions and divergent questions. The reasons why teacher asked questions were (a) to check students’ understanding, (b) to encourage students to think and focus on the lesson, (c) to encourage students’ participation in a lesson, (d) to clarify what student has said, (e) to elicit particular structures and vocabulary items, and (f) to stimulate and maintain students’ interest. It could be concluded that teacher asked many questions during teaching learning process and it could be a good technique for classroom interactions but it would make students bored, if teacher didn’t prepare well all the questions. Teacher should be aware of asking question for the students to consider the question type, and the reasons why the question should be asked
THE REALIZATION OF SPEECH FUNCTION IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION BASED ON SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS THEORY
Authors: Fahri Haswani Arini Supika And
Published: May 2019

This study deals with speech functions used by teacher and students during reading comprehension session in English vocational classroom interaction. The objectives of this study were to find out the types of speech function which were dominantly used by teacher and students and the reasons for the existences of that dominant one. A descriptive qualitative design was used in this study. The data were collected by observing, recording the utterances of teacher and the tenth grade students at SMK Jambi Medan, and by interviewing the subjects. The data were analyzed based on Systemic Functional Linguistics theory. There were 552 clauses produced as the total number where teacher produced 411 clauses and students produced 141 clauses. The results showed that question was the dominant type of speech function used by teacher followed by statement, acknowledgement, command, contradiction and offer. Meanwhile, the dominant type of speech function used by students was answer, followed by compliance, statement, acknowledgement, and disclaimer. The existences of initiating question on the teacher’s performance were affected by the presage category (teacher’s belief) and context category (the class in which the teaching process takes place), while, the existences of answer on the students’ performance were affected by the students’ thought processes category (students’ perception and understanding) and the context category. In conclusion, the teacher used the speech function which focused on using initiation of question, while students dominantly used answer speech function in English classroom interaction.
TEACHER TALK IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION USING SINCLAIR AND COULTHARD MODEL
Authors: Zainuddin Friska Octavia And
Published: May 2019

This study deals with teacher talk in English classroom interaction. The objectives of the study were: (a) to find out the types of moves found in the teacher talk used in English classroom interaction based on Sinclair and Coulthard model, and (b) to describe how the types of moves are realized in the teacher talk used in English classroom interaction based in Sinclair and Coulthard model. The design used in this study was qualitative research. The data of this study was the teacher’s utterances. The data was collected by using audio recording and video recording. The data analysis of this study were based on Sinclair and Coulthard model as the following: (a) to find out the types of moves found in the teacher talk, and (b) to describe how the types of moves are realized in the teacher talk used in English classroom interaction. Based on the analysis of the data, the findings were shown as the following: (a) there were four types of moves found in the teacher talk, namely: opening, follow-up, framing and focusing, (b) the types of moves found in the teacher talk were mostly realized by h. When the teacher got no response or got a wrong answer from the students, then the structure given was (s) h (post-h) (sel), the follow-up moves were mostly realized by (pre-h) h, the framing moves were realized by h q and the focusing moves were realized by h. Based on the analysis of the data, some conclusions can be presented as the following: (a) the types of moves found in the teacher talk were opening, follow-up, framing and focusing, while the answering moves were not found in the teacher talk, which indicates that the classroom is not effective because there is no initiation from the students, (b) the opening moves were mostly realized by h. When the teacher got no response or got a wrong answer from the students, then the structure given was (s) h (post-h) (sel), the follow-up moves were mostly realized by (pre-h) h, the framing moves were realized by h q and the focusing moves were realized by h. Therefore, to create an effective English classroom, teacher should be able to recognize the moves she applies in her talk.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH SPEAKING MATERIALS FOR STUDENTS OF BEAUTY STUDY PROGRAM AT VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
Authors: Sortha Silitonga Eka Winda Sari And
Published: May 2019

This study aims to develop appropriate English speaking materials for grade X students of  Beauty Study Program at SMK Negeri 1 Beringin. This study was conducted by Research and Development (R & D) design through six phases; gathering information and data, analyzing data, designing new materials, validating new materials by experts, revising, and final product. The subject of this research was grade X students of Beauty study program consisting of 19 students. The instrumentations for collecting data were questionairre and interview. After analyzing the data, the writer got the students’ needs. The data were gathered by administering interview to the teacher and distributing the questionairre to 19 respondents to get the students’ needs. The result of questionairre and interview prove that the students need English speaking materials which appropriate to their major that is Beauty study program. Thus, developing English speaking materials consist of three units, they are welcome to our beauty salon, complimenting and showing care, and congratulations on your achievement. The products have been validated by experts. The average scores are 4.3 from English Lecturer and 4.5 from English Teacher. It means that the developing materials categorized as relevant or appropriate for Grade X Students of Beauty study program.
DEVELOPING KAMISHIBAI MEDIA FOR WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Rafika Dewi Nasution Fitri Anisah Sitorus And
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to develop Kamishibai media based on students’ needs. Research and Development was used as the research method. Research procedure was modified into four steps: Evaluation and Need Analysis, Media Design, Validation and Revision, and Final Production. The subject of this study was class VIII students of Mts. Muallimin Univa Medan, consisting of 44 students. The data were collected by giving Questionnaire to the students’ and interviewing to the teacher. The products had validated by experts validation (Material and Media). The average scores is 81 % from English Lecture and 84 % from English Teacher and the total average scores is 83 %. It means that developing Kamishibai media categories is relevant or appropriate for VIII Grade student of Mts. Muallimin Univa Medan.
TEACHING LISTENING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BASED ON 2013 CURRICULUM AT 10TH GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Johannes Jefria Gultom Dianita Putri Pratama And
Published: May 2019

This study was aimed at describing how the teachers taught listening comprehension of descriptive text based on 2013 Curriculum and describing the reasons of why the teachers did the ways. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research design. The data sources of the research were the English teachers of SMA Immanuel Medan. The data were the processes of teaching listening comprehension of descriptive text and the reasons of why the teachers did the ways of teaching. The techniques of collecting data were observation and interview. The data were analyzed by using interactive model which were data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the teachers used scientific approach steps in learning activities based on 2013 Curriculum in the teaching listening comprehension of descriptive text and the underlying reasons of the teachers‟ ways in teaching listening comrehension were the teachers believed that the students the students could comprehend and understandthe text by comparing the kind of texts, knowing the definition and text strucutre of texts, translating the difficult words and repeating the the recording of material. The knowledge of mastery the concept of teaching listening comprehension and skill of realization of the concept into real teaching behaviors will help the students‟ skill of listening comprehension be better.
DEVELOPING MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT GRADE XI AT SMAN 1 SIBORONGBORONG
Authors: Ompusunggu Elsa , Gintings Elia Masa , Elita Yeni
Published: May 2019

This research was aimed at develops technique as media in teaching writing descriptive texts. This study was conducted using R & D method by Borg & Gall (2003). The research took place at SMAN 1 Siborongborong. The sample consisted of class 11-XI. The evaluators of the media were two experts. The instruments employed in this study were questionnaire, interview, and test. The findings of the study were the quality of the developed technique as media viewed from the experts is very good (88 %). The final product of the technique as media was assessed by gave questionnaires to the students to know the students’ responses about the media. Most students gave positive responses. Most students said that the media was interesting and it could help them to understand descriptive texts easily. The results of the test show that the technique as media improved their ability in writing descriptive texts (average score: 80, 12).The scoring system was based on five aspects; namely content, organization, vocabulary, language use, mechanics. Therefore, the writer suggests that English teachers develop technique as one of the creative way to improve the students’ ability in writing descriptive texts.Keywords: Descriptive texts, pictures, writing.