bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MONITORING OF RADIOACTIVITY AT DNURT CAMPUS
Authors: Dolina L. F. , Kilovyi V. P. , Astakhov D. V. , Kalimbet M. V.
Published: September 2016

Purpose. The research paper aims to determine radioactive contamination on the territory of campus of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan (DNURT). Methodology. The dosimeters measured the radioactive contamination in different places (points) of DNURT campus, focusing on public places. The centres of measurements became dormitories, monuments, stops, main entrances of the new and the old buildings, classrooms, basements, a swimming pool, boiler room and others. Findings. The conducted radiation monitoring for the first time in the history of the University discovered the source of radioactive contamination on DNURT territory and campus. The highest radiation background is observed on three points, namely: the pedestal of the monument, the monument to students-soldiers, the main entrance of the new building (columns). This can be explained by granite materials, which the pedestals and the stairs are made of. Originality. The largest contribution to the total value of annual effective dose of human exposure is made by ionizing radiation sources (IRS) of building materials (65 - 70%). The radioactivity level of building materials is determined by the content of natural radionuclides that are included in uranium-radium and thorium decay series (18 and 12 radionuclides) as well as potassium-40. Radioactivity of building materials is evaluated by the content of dominant radionuclides radium-226, thorium-232 and potassium-40. Their dominant role is explained by the fact that these long-lived high-energy  - emitters are the products of decay of radium-226 in uranium series of and radium-224 in thorium series, exposing radioactive gases (radon-222 and radon-220). Radioactive gases are accumulated in the basements of educational buildings; their decay is accompanied by 100% alpha radiation, which is the most dangerous. Practical value. It is necessary to set radioactivity signs near the objects with high radiation and to prohibit students with children walking there. In order to reduce radon radiation exposure to students and staff the university should be equipped with more effective ventilation of educational building basements, swimming pool and dormitories.
HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT OF CAMPUS AT UMAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE
Authors: Golovchuk A. F.
Published: September 2016

Purpose. In modern conditions of energy consumption growth and a rapid increase in energy prices the actual problem is the development and implementation of energy efficiency programs and resource-saving conversion in to a source to provide the needs of industry and municipal power. The paper aims to solve the urgent problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel-energy ones and heat supply system optimization on the basis of Uman National University of Horticulture (UNUH). Methodology. The work investigated the process of heating and hot water supply in the course of 2007-2015 years. Implementation of current problems of energy saving is grounded on the scientific-practical and efficient assurance of fuel and energy usage. At the same time energy-saving technologies are viewed as a priority direction of the energy sector development, reduction of man-induced impact on the environment and as a way of improving the competitiveness of the national economy. Findings. Statistical data acquisition and analyzing of gas flow and outside air temperature for nine years was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, the problem was identified and specific targets for its solutions were set. Originality. Scientific novelty lies in solving the problem of energy saving and efficient use of fuel resources in Ukraine through the use of a systematic approach, the methodology development of efficient use of different fuels and optimization of local heating operation, applying contemporary automation and control systems. Firstly it was in detail analyzed and conducted the comprehensive assessment of various factors influence on energy conservation. It takes into account the human factor, professionalism and responsibility of the operators of boilers and their superiors, as well as the relevant control services. Practical value. For UNUH campus hybrid use of solid fuel and gas boilers was carried out. Decentralization of the university heating system has been conducted through the restoration of 350 individual heating systems in residential buildings, remote departments and campus dormitories. The conclusions propose the list of activities upon the real economy of fuel and energy resources, and measures to overcome the economic and political crisis in the country.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROLLING AND SLIP RESISTANCE IN ROLLING BEARINGS
Authors: Bondarenko L. M. , Babyak M. O. , Yakovlev S. O. , Istin S. O. , Moskalev G. Yu.
Published: September 2016

Purpose. About one of the causes of slip rolling is known from the second half of the 19th century, it was believed that the slip resistance appears at the place of contact due to different speeds on the arc of contact. Only in the mid-20th century it was proved that this resistance is negligible in rolling resistance. However (for some unknown reason) it is ignored the fact that in practice in rolling bearings may rotate both the inner ring with a stationary outer one, and vice versa almost in equal relations. It is not taken into account the fact that the ball or roller in the rolling bearings runs the different distance along the roller path of the outer and inner bearing cages in one revolution. This fact is not taken into account in determining the calculated values for the friction coefficient of a rolling bearing reduced to the shaft. Therefore, the aim of this work is to determine the influence of path length on the track riding the outer and inner race of the bearing on the determination of the calculated value of the coefficient of friction of rolling bearings is given to the shaft. Methodology. The solution technique is based on the theory of plane motion of a rigid body, the theory of Hertzian contact deformation and the analytical dependencies for determination of coefficient of rolling friction. Findings. The obtained dependences on determination of rolling resistance of the balls or rollers along the bearing tracks of inner and outer bearing cages as well as path difference metering of the rolling on them allows to analytically obtain the rolling resistance and slipping for any size of bearings and different devices of bearing units. It is also possible at the design stage of rolling nodes to handle not only the design but also the content of the node. Originality. Using the analytical dependences for determination of the rolling resistance of bodies at point and line contacts, and also account for the difference in the path of the rolling ball or roller on the outer and inner cages of the bearing one can more accurately find the rolling resistance in the bearings. Practical value. The obtained dependences allow designing the bearing units with minimal energy consumption.
Material characterisation by digital image analysis: a review
Authors: Cherian Chinchu , Arnepalli Dali Naidu
Published: September 2016

The intrinsic morphology, mineralogy and gradation characteristics of geomaterials and geosynthetics play a pivotal role in determining their vital geotechnical properties. In view of this, this paper attempts to demonstrate the relevance of advanced digital image analysis for micromorphological characterisation of geomaterials and geosynthetics based on the critical appraisal of pertinent literature. Although many studies have been dedicated to enhancing the current state of practice pertaining to the potential applications of digital image analysis in diverse fields of practical and research requirements, there is a lack of well-established procedures for quality-assured sample preparation, execution of image processing and analysis. In light of inferences gathered from up-to-date literature, this study emphasises the fact that digital image analysis can be an effective complementary tool to conventional methods for physical and micromorphological characterisation of geomaterial and geosynthetics, in view of assessing their macroscale engineering behaviour.
Corticosteroids in IgA Nephropathy: Lessons from Recent Studies
Authors: Coppo Rosanna
Published: September 2016

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common chronic glomerular disease that, in most patients, slowly progresses to ESRD. The immune and autoimmune responses that characterize IgAN indicate a potential benefit for corticosteroids. The 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guidelines suggest giving corticosteroids to patients with rather preserved renal function (GFR>50 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and persistent proteinuria >1 g/d, despite 3–6 months of optimized supportive care with renin-angiotensin system blockers. However, the evidence supporting this guideline was considered of low quality. More recent results from large cohort studies and randomized, controlled trials have provided conflicting messages about the benefits of corticosteroid treatment over supportive care alone, mostly involving optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade, which might generate further uncertainty in the therapeutic choice. Overall, these results indicate that corticosteroids are a powerful tool for treating patients with IgAN; however, treatment success is not universal and mostly occurs in patients who are highly proteinuric with early CKD. In patients with advanced CKD, the side effects of corticosteroids increase, and the renal protection decreases. This brief review aimed at integrating the findings of these recently published reports to provide balanced advice for clinicians as well as suggestions for future trials.
PERSPECTIVAS DOS ACADEMICOS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Airton F. Pontes Junior Jose , Lima Barbosa Ana Paula , V. Monte Mayara C. , Trompieri Filho Nicolino , P. Magalhaes Rita C. B.
Published: September 2016

Abstract:ACADEMICS’ PESRPECTIVES ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION WITHIN THE SCOPE OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONThis article discusses the perspectives of academics on Physical Education within the context of teaching and against the background of working with students with disabilities in Physical Education and Sports in school. The study is descriptive, cross-sectional in nature and seeks to analyze the academics’ opinions regarding Physical Education and Sports in school for students with disabilities. The research, which adopted a quantitative approach, was carried out by way of a survey in which 82 undergraduate students of Physical Education responded to a questionnaire. Distribution of frequencies, factor analysis and thematic analysis were conducted. Participants were of the opinion that the objectives of Physical Education and Sports in school promote healthy behaviour, the playing of sport and socio-affective relationships, as well as they are beneficial to an environment of working with different persons with disabilities. We believe this work may help in the curricula of physical education to better manage and direct the training of academics for students with disabilities.Keywords: Physical Education and Sports, Students with Disabilities, Special Education.Resumo:Este artigo discute a perspectiva dos acadêmicos de Educação Física sobre o contexto de ensino e o interesse em atuar com alunos com deficiência em Educação Física e Esportes na escola. O estudo tem por objetivo analisar as opiniões dos acadêmicos sobre o contexto atuação Educação Física e Esportes na escola para alunos com deficiência. O estudo é de natureza descritiva e transversal e que utilizou abordagem quantitativa via pesquisa por levantamento em que 82 alunos de graduação em Educação Física responderam a um questionário. Foi realizada distribuição de frequências, análise fatorial e análise temática. Na opinião dos acadêmicos, os objetivos da Educação Física e Esportes na escola são estimular a adesão de hábitos saudáveis, prática esportiva e relações sócio-afetivas, bem como apresentam interesse em atuar com diferentes públicos com algum tipo de deficiência. Acreditamos esse trabalho pode ajudar nos currículos dos cursos de Educação Física a melhor direcionar a formação dos acadêmicos para o público dos alunos com deficiência.Palavras-chaves: Educação Física e Esportes, Alunos com Deficiência, Educação Especial.
ACTITUD DEL PROFESORADO DE PRIMARIA Y SECUNDARIA EN FUNCIÓN DEL GÉNERO ANTE LOS PUNTOS FUERTES DE LA INTEGRACIÓN
Authors: Bermejo García Mª Luisa , Vicente Castro Florencio , Ruiz Fernández Mª Isabel , Rabazo Méndez Mª José
Published: September 2016

Abstract:This research aims to analyze the attitudes of teachers toward reality Extremadura involved in our classrooms students with specific educational support needs have been developed for the study, two specific questionnaires, one aimed at teachers and teachers of other specialists and primary to secondary . In this paper we conducted a descriptive and inferential analysis of the attitudes of primary and secondary teachers to a range of variables such as valuation of the tasks that the team and the guidance department to support teachers with students with disabilities in classrooms and significant differences in the assessment of male and female teachers in Primary and Secondary strengths integration.Keywords: Teachers, primary, secondary, students with disabilities, inclusion, equipment and guidance departmentResumen:En esta investigación se pretende analizar las actitudes del profesorado extremeño ante la realidad que supone en nuestras aulas alumnos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo Se han elaborado para el estudio, dos cuestionarios específicos, uno dirigido al profesorado de primaria y a profesores especialistas y otro a secundaria. En esta comunicación realizamos un análisis descriptivo e inferencial sobre las actitudes del profesorado de Primaria y Secundaria ante una serie de variables como la valoración de las tareas que realiza el equipo y el departamento de orientación para ayudar al profesorado con alumnos con discapacidad en las aulas y las diferencias significativas que existen en la valoración del profesorado masculino y femenino de Primaria y Secundaria de los puntos fuertes de la integración.Palabras clave: Profesorado, primaria, secundaria, alumnado con discapacidad, inclusión equipo y departamento de orientación
LA PERCEPCIÓN DEL ORIENTADOR/A SOBRE LA ATENCIÓN A LA DIVERSIDAD EN SECUNDARIA
Authors: Miranda Morais Mirian , Burguera Condon Joaquín Lorenzo , Arias Blanco José Miguel
Published: September 2016

Abstract:THE COUNSELLOR’S PERCEPTION OF ATTENTION TO STUDENT DIVERSITY IN SECONDARY EDUCATIONThis investigation arises from the need to explore a variety of experiences aimed at meeting the demands of diversity in Secondary Education, identify those aspects promoting and hindering inclusive practices. This research has been made using a descriptive and exploratory methodology (both qualitative and quantitative), including a questionnaire made up of 55 items (Likert scale) and open questions. Experts were also interviewed, gathering a sample of 51 public high school counsellors in Asturias. Results show that, even though schools apply a consolidated set of measures to cater for diversity, there are still legal limitations and a lack of resources to provide suitable answers to the educational needs of our students. Attention to student diversity is present when it comes to make decisions at an organizational and operational level or to create and develop plans and programmes. Regarding the teaching practice, it is obvious that teachers are aware of the importance of meeting the needs of diversity in the classroom; however, there is still a long way to go as far as methodological approaches and teacher training are concerned.Keywords: Attention to diversity, Secondary Education, inclusion, consellorResumen:Esta investigación surge de la necesidad de conocer cómo se desarrollan las prácticas en la educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO) para atender a la diversidad, detectar aquellos aspectos que favorecen y dificultan las prácticas inclusivas. Para realizar el estudio se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y exploratoria (cualitativa-cuantitativa), se elaboró un cuestionario que consta de 55 ítems (escala Likert) y preguntas abiertas. También se realizaron entrevistas a expertos. La muestra está formada por 51 profesores/as de orientación educativa de centros públicos que imparten la ESO en Asturias. Los resultados obtenidos indican que a pesar de que los centros cuentan con una serie de medidas de atención a la diversidad consolidadas, existen ciertas limitaciones a nivel normativo y de asignación de recursos para proporcionar respuestas educativas ajustadas a las necesidades de la totalidad del alumnado. A la hora de tomar decisiones a nivel organizativo y de funcionamiento de centro, consideran que se tiene en cuenta el principio de atención a la diversidad, al igual que al elaborar y desarrollar los planes y programas. Respecto a la práctica docente, se pone de manifiesto que el profesorado es consciente de que debe y quiere atender a la diversidad, pero aún se observan muchas resistencias a nivel metodológico y escasez de formación al respecto.Palabras clave: Atención a la diversidad, educación secundaria, inclusión, orientación.
VARIABILIDAD DEL PERFIL COGNITIVO EN ESCOLARES Y ADULTOS CON SÍNDROME DE DOWN
Authors: García Alba Javier , Ramos Alla Justo Fernando , Martín Palacios Mª Eugenia
Published: September 2016

Abstract:VARIABILITY COGNITIVE PROFILE IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME. A NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STUDYIntroduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder that has a specific and highly complex cognitive and behavioral phenotype. Objectives: To study the degree of variability cognitvo profile through neuropsychological diagnostic tests into two distinct developmental ages : aulta school age and older . Participants and Methods: 105 subjects aged child and adult , 43 with and 62 without SD SD were studied. Neuropsychological variables were assessed . Comparative study of different neuropsychological variables between SD and comparison groups was performed , and between groups of children and adults. Results: Children and adult SD neuropsychological performance groups had significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control groups . 84% of the neuropsychological variables studied in child SD group showed a significant degree of variability ( p < 0.05 ) in the SD group showed adult 44% of the studied variables with a significant degree of variability. Conclusions: The neuropsychological performance in all cognitive deficit in study areas with different levels of representation according to cognitive function, and with a high degree of cognitive variability, especially in childhood.Keywords: Down syndrome , neuropsychology , cognitive variability , intellectual disability, childhood , adulthood.Resumen:Introducción: El síndrome de Down (SD) es una alteración cromosómica que presenta un fenotipo cognitivo y conductual específico y de una gran complejidad. Objetivos: estudiar el grado de variabilidad del perfil cognitvo a través de pruebas de diagnóstico neuropsicológico en dos edades claramente diferenciadas del desarrollo: edad escolar y edad aulta. Participantes y métodos: Se estudiaron 105 sujetos de edad infantil y adulta, 43 con SD y 62 sin SD. Se valoraron variables neuropsicológicas. Se realizó estudio comparativo de las diferentes variables neuropsicológicas entre los grupos SD y comparación, y entre los grupos infantiles y adultos. Resultados: Los grupos SD infantil y adulto presentaron un rendimiento neuropsicológico significativamente (p<0.05) más bajo que los grupos control. El 84% de las variables neuropsicológicas estudiadas en el grupo SD infantil mostraron un significativo grado de variabilidad (p<0.05), en el grupo SD adulto apareció un 44% de las variables estudiadas con un significativo grado de variabilidad. Conclusiones: El rendimiento neuropsicológico en deficitario en todas las áreas cognitivas estudiadas con diferente grado de representación según la función cognitiva, y con un alto grado de variabilidad cognitiva, especialmente en la edad infantil.Palabras clave: síndrome de Down, neuropsicología, variabilidad cognitiva, discapacidad intelectual, edad infantil, edad adulta.
ANÁLISIS DE LAS NECESIDADES PSICOSOCIALES Y FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS AL ÉXITO O FRACASO ACADÉMICO DEL ALUMNADO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Marchena Consejero Esperanza , Hervías Ortega Federico , Menacho Jiménez Inmaculada
Published: September 2016

Abstract:Both psychosocial needs and risk factors that affect academic performance in a sample of 2014 participants in higher education are described. The results may be generalised to students from Spanish universities and can provide guidelines for preventive actions and psychological services in the context of comprehensive providing services to graduate and undergraduate students.Keywords: psychosocial needs, counseling service, higher educationResumen:Se describen las necesidades psicosociales y los factores de riesgo que afectan al rendimiento académico en una muestra de estudiantes de educación superior. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser generalizables al alumnado que cursa sus estudios en las universidades españolas y puede ofrecer pautas de acción para desarrollar actividades preventivas a los servicios universitarios de atención psicológica y psicopedagógica en el marco de la atención integral al alumnado universitario.Palabras claves: necesidades psicosociales, servicio de atención psicológica, educación superior.
EDUCACIÓN INTERGENERACIONAL DE FORMA VIRTUAL
Authors: Canedo García Alejandro , García Sánchez Jesús Nicasio , Pacheco Sanz Deilis Ivonne
Published: September 2016

Abstract:ON-LINE INTERGENERATIONAL EDUCATIONThe rapid growth in the number and variety of Intergenerational Programmes internationally is not and has not been proportional to the number of documented assessments and evaluation studies published about them. That is why the time to meet the various needs in the intergenerational field has come, to develop well-grounded conceptually and theoretically studies, leading to the implementation of intergenerational programs as models internationally based on the results of investigations. And what better way to achieve this goal that using the new information and communication technologies, because as Ghosh, Ratan , Lindeman and Steinmetz (2013) note: We are at the dawn of “Aging On” in which the growing range of Internet-based technologies and mobile devices will help older adults and their caregivers to cope with a wide range of health, social and functional needs, connecting these individuals with their friends, family and community.Key Words: education, evaluation, ICT, instruction, intergenerational, intervention, program, project, research, results, technology, theory, web 2.0Resumen:El rápido crecimiento en número y variedad de los Programas Intergeneracionales a nivel internacional no es ni ha sido proporcional al número de evaluaciones documentadas y de estudios de evaluación publicados respecto a los mismos (Henkin & Butts, 2012). Es por ello que ha llegado el momento de cumplir con las diversas necesidades que existen en el campo intergeneracional de desarrollar trabajos de investigación bien fundamentados, conceptual y teóricamente, que conduzcan a la implementación de programas intergeneracionales que sirvan de modelos a nivel internacional y que estén basados en los resultados de las investigaciones. Y que mejor forma de alcanzar este objetivo que empleando las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, ya que tal y como apuntan Ghosh, Ratan, Lindeman y Steinmetz (2013): Estamos en el amanecer del “Envejecimiento Conectado” en el que la creciente gama de tecnologías basadas en Internet y dispositivos móviles ayudará a los adultos mayores y sus cuidadores a hacer frente a una amplia gama de necesidades de salud, sociales y funcionales, conectando a estos individuos con los amigos, la familia y la comunidad.Palabras Clave: educación, evaluación, instrucción, intergeneracional, intervención, investigación, programa, proyecto, resultados, tecnología, teoría, TIC, web 2.0
EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL: INFLUENCIA EN LOS CONOCIMIENTOS Y CREENCIAS DE SUS DESTINATARIOS
Authors: Heras Sevilla Davinia , Pérez de Albéniz Garrote Gloria , Lara Ortega Fernando
Published: September 2016

Abstract:The study presented is part of a research on the efficacy and impact of a specific proposal of Sexual Education developed with students from 3rd grade of Complusory Secondary Education. For that , the evolution of two groups of individuals is examined and compared, the first experimental group, consisting of 71 adolescents, and the second, control group, consisting of 52 students of the same school, all aged between 13 and 17 years. This paper focuses on the analysis, in both groups, of the knowledge about human sexuality, risk prevention and contraception shown at different times of assessment (pretest-posttest). Similarly, special attention is given to evolution of the maintenance of myths and beliefs about human sexual act, such as the overvaluation of the intercourse or the orgasm, the heterosexism or the invisibility of sexuality at different stages of life.Keywords: Sexual Education, Myths, Knowledge, Adolescence and Evaluation.Resumen:El estudio que se presenta se enmarca dentro de una investigación sobre la eficacia y la repercusión de una propuesta concreta de Educación Sexual desarrollada con estudiantes de 3º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Para ello se examina y compara la evolución de dos grupos de sujetos, el primero, grupo experimental, compuesto por 71 adolescentes, y el segundo, grupo control, formado por 52 compañeros del mismo centro escolar, todos ellos con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 17 años. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis, en ambos grupos, de los conocimientos sobre sexualidad humana, prevención de riesgos y anticoncepción demostrados en los diferentes momentos de evaluación (pretest-postest). De igual manera, se presta especial atención a la evolución en el sostenimientode mitos y creencias en torno al hecho sexual humano, como pueden ser la sobrevaloración del coito o del orgasmo, el heterosexismo o la invisibilidad de la sexualidad en las diferentes etapas de la vida.Palabras clave: Educación Sexual, Mitos, Conocimientos, Adolescencia y Evaluación
CONDUCTAS DE RIESGO Y ACTITUDES RELACIONADAS CON LA INFECCIÓN POR VIH/SIDA EN HSH
Authors: Morell Mengual Vicente J. , Gil Llario Mª Dolores , Ballester Arnal Rafael , Díaz Rodríguez Irene M.
Published: September 2016

Abstract:The aim of this investigation is to analyze sexual risk behaviors and attitudes for HIV/AIDS infection of MSM. The ENSI was administrated to 202 men, 168 homosexuals and 24 bisexuals, from 14 to 57 years. The results show a high confidence in condoms as a method of HIV prevention (75.7% very effective and 28.1% effective); however the systematic use of a condom is moderate in anal intercourse (54.64%) and in vaginal intercourse (49.05%) and very low in oral sex (6.22%). There is a low perceived probability (20.28%) and moderate fear (41.25%) become infected with HIV. 20.3% report having drunk alcohol in the last relationship and 5.4% say other drugs. These results should be considered in the development of prevention programs.Key words: HIV, sexual risk behaviors, MSM, condomResumen:El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las conductas sexuales de riesgo y las actitudes para la infección por VIH/SIDA en hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres (HSH). Se administró la Encuesta Sobre SIDA (Ballester, Gil, y Giménez, 2007) a 202 hombres, 168 homosexuales y 34 bisexuales con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 57 años. Los resultados muestran un alta confianza en el preservativo como método de prevención del VIH (el 75.7% considera que es muy eficaz y el 28.1% muy eficaz); no obstante, el uso sistemático del preservativo es moderado tanto en el coito anal (54.6%) como en el coito vaginal (49.1%) y muy bajo en el sexo oral (6.2%). Hay una baja probabilidad percibida (20.3%) y un miedo moderado (41.3%) de infectarse con VIH. El 20.3% afirman haber consumido alcohol en la última relación sexual mientras que el 5.4% refieren otras drogas. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta en la elaboración de programas de prevención.Palabras clave: VIH, conductas de riesgo, HSH, preservativo
CONOCIMIENTOS, COMPORTAMIENTO Y ACTITUDES SEXUALES EN ADULTOS CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez Irene M. , Gil Llario Mª Dolores , Ballester Arnal Rafael , Morell Mengual Vicente , Molero Mañes Rosa J.
Published: September 2016

Abstract:KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIESThis paper conducts an exploratory study whose overall objective is to analyze sexual behavior, level of knowledge and attitudes about safe sex practices in a sample of people with intellectual disabilities to prevent sexual violence against this group. The sample is composed of 78 people (39 men and 39 women) with a mild or moderate intellectual disability. The results obtained through a structured interview indicate that the level of knowledge about sexual practices highlights that 73.1% had sexual intercourse, 87.4% had knowledge of the different types of contraceptive methods and 56.3% trust the professionals and educators to address sexuality issues. These results underscore the importance of tailoring affective-sexual educations programs for this group.Keywords: Intellectual disabilities, safe sex, relationships, sexual abuse.Resumen:En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio exploratorio cuyo objetivo general es analizar el comportamiento sexual, y el nivel de conocimientos y actitudes relativas a las prácticas de sexo seguro en una muestra de personas con discapacidad intelectual para prevenir la violencia sexual hacia este colectivo. La muestra está compuesta por 78 personas (39 hombres y 39 mujeres) con discapacidad intelectual leve o moderada. Los resultados obtenidos mediante una entrevista estructurada indican que en el nivel de conocimientos sobre prácticas sexuales destaca que el 73.1% había mantenido relaciones sexuales, el 87.4% conocían los diferentes tipos de métodos anticonceptivos y el 56.3% confiaba en los profesionales y educadores para tratar temas relativos a la sexualidad. Estos resultados subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar programas de educación afectiva-sexual adecuados a este colectivo.Palabras clave: Discapacidad Intelectual, prácticas de sexo seguro, relaciones de pareja, abuso sexual.
FACTORES RESILIENTES EN LOS FUTUROS MAESTROS
Authors: Moreno García Rosa , Saiz Ruiz Cristina
Published: September 2016

Abstract:FACTORS OF RESILIENCE IN FUTURE TEACHERSFrom an educational perspective, we depart from the importance of promoting the capacity of resilience in the students of Teacher Training as generators of resilience in their future classrooms. We analyze some factors of resilience in a sample of 315 students of Teacher Training from the adjustment to the Spanish population of Resilience Questionnaire in University Students (CRE-U; Peralta, Ramirez & Castaño, 2006), emphasizing empathy and the affective link as the highest factors of resilience in our subjects, as well as the existing relationship between the style of adult attachment and several of the factors of resilience studied.Key words: Resilience, teachers, university students, adult attachment, protective factorsResumen:Desde una perspectiva educativa, partimos de la importancia de fomentar la capacidad de resiliencia en los alumnos de Magisterio como generadores de resiliencia en sus futuras aulas. Analizamos algunos factores resilientes en una muestra de 315 alumnos de Magisterio a partir de la adaptación a la población española del Cuestionario de Resiliencia en Estudiantes Universitarios (CRE-U; Peralta, Ramírez y Castaño, 2006), destacando la empatía y el vínculo afectivo como los factores resilientes más elevados en nuestros sujetos, así como la relación existente entre el estilo de apego adulto y varios de los factores resilientes estudiados.Palabras clave: Resilencia, maestros, estudiantes universitarios, apego adulto, factores protectores
REVISIÓN DE LAS PUBLICACIONES ACTUALES SOBREMUSICOTERAPIA E INTERVENCIÓN EN EL TRASTORNO AUTISTA
Authors: Osorio Cámara Mª Jesús , Molero Jurado Mª del Mar , Pérez Fuentes Mª del Carmen , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: September 2016

Abstract:La aceptación de los aspectos positivos de la música, han llevado a utilizarla para el tratamiento de personas con algún trastorno o enfermedad. Los elementos musicales pueden ser adecuados para fines terapéuticos porque pueden reducir las sensaciones desagradables que producen algunos sonidos, influyen en el ritmo cardiaco, mejoran el movimiento y la coordinación corporal. Por otra parte, influyen en la temperatura y en la percepción favoreciendo la productividad (Campbell, 1998). Las cualidades de la músicaproporcionan a los niños con trastorno autista el contacto con las emociones ayudándoles a expresarse y relacionarse. De esta forma, la utilización de un instrumento musical melódico favorece su expresión verbal y la comunicación. En las actividades musicales en niños con trastorno autista se emplean canciones de melodía simple y un texto repetitivo. La música a través de los instrumentos de viento ayuda a los niños autistas a vocalizar (Thayer, 1967; Alvin, 1975). Por otra parte, se ha enfatizado la existencia de habilidades sobresalientes de algunos autistas hacia la música. Así, algunas personas con trastorno autista poseen un tono absoluto, una capacidad de reproducir acordes complejos, para tocar melodías que nunca habían oído y trasportarlas a distintas claves (Sack, 2009)
CARASTERÍSTICAS DE LOS INTERESES VOCACIONALES EN ALUMNOS DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA EVALUADOS A TRAVÉS DEL EXPLORA
Authors: Martínez Vicente José Manuel , Ángeles Segura Isabel María
Published: September 2016

Abstract:The evaluation of vocational and professional interests is considered one of the important aspects in education secondary students for their future decision making. Thus, the objective of this study is to have a current view of how they are configured vocational and professional interests in secondary students in Spain. This Questionnaire for Vocational and Professional EXPLORE (Martinez-Vicente & Santamaría, 2013) to a sample of 3123 high school students and high school applied. The results obtained indicate that there are sex differences in the elections. While women marked preference for Social - Welfare - Artistic and Creative fields in the two men chosen fields are the Technical and Business -Owner - Persuasiavo. In the analysis of the indices of consistency and differentiation women are more consistent than men and differentiation is also higher for them.Keywords: Behavior vocational, vocational choice, vocational and professional interests, Vocational Counseling, Skills, Personality, Self-efficacy.Resumen:La evaluación de los intereses vocacionales y profesionales se considera uno de los aspectos importante en alumnos de educación Secundaria de cara a su futura toma de decisiones. Así pues, el objetivo del presente estudio es tener una visión actual de cómo están configurados los intereses vocacionales y profesionales en alumnos de educación secundaria en España. Para ello se aplicó el Cuestionario para la Orientación Vocacional y Profesional EXPLORA (Martínez-Vicente y Santamaría, 2013) a una muestra de 3123 alumnos de secundaria y Bachillerato. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que existen diferencias de sexo en las elecciones. Mientras que las mujeres marcan preferencia por los campos Social-Asistencial y Artistico-Creativo, en los hombres los dos campos más elegidos son el Técnico-Manual y el Empresarial-Persuasivo. En los análisis de los índices de consistencia y diferenciación las mujeres son más consistentes que los hombres y la diferenciación también es mayor a favor de ellas.Palabras claves: Conducta vocacional, Elección vocacional, Intereses vocacionales y profesionales, Asesoramiento vocacional, Habilidades, Personalidad, Autoeficacia.
ANÁLISIS DE ESTUDIOS SOBRE FACEBOOK® EN COMPUTER AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR® (2010-2013)
Authors: García Martín Judit , García Sánchez Jesús Nicasio
Published: September 2016

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to describe the main psychological and educational trends of research about a social network, Facebook®, and they are being carried out internationally. For this, we do an empirical analysis of twenty articles on the topic published in the last four years in an international journal of impact, Computer and Human Behavior®. In this line, the present study confirms that research on the use and effects of Facebook®, is extensive, meticulous and strict. During this research study, we received competitive funds from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, currently MINECO) (EDU2010-19250 / EDUC) for 2010-2013, awarded to the Director/Main Researcher (J. N. García). J. García-Martín received funds from the (FPI-MICINN) of the same project for four years (2011-2015).Keywords: social networking sites, web 2.0 technologies, education, psychology, Facebook®Resumen:El propósito del presente estudio es describir las principales líneas de investigación psicoeducativas que se están llevando a cabo a nivel internacional en torno a Facebook® en una revista internacional de impacto, Computer and Human Behavior®. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de veinte artículos empíricos sobre la temática publicados en los últimos cuatro años en dicha revista. En esta línea, el presente estudio corrobora que la investigación sobre el uso y los efectos de Facebook® es extensa, detallada y rigurosa. Durante la realización de este estudio se recibieron ayudas competitivas del proyecto (EDU2010-19250/EDUC) del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN, en la actualidad MINECO), para el trienio 2010-2013, concedido al Investigador Principal (J. N. García) así como una beca predoctoral de formación de personal investigador (FPI-MICINN) del mismo proyecto concedida a J. García-Martín para el cuatrienio (2011-2015).Palabras Clave: redes sociales, herramientas 2.0, educación, psicología, Facebook®
Penalised for poverty: The unfair assessment of ‘flight risk’ in bail hearings
Authors: Omar Jameelah
Published: September 2016

The purpose of bail must be evaluated in light of the purpose of pre-trial detention. Bail is not intended as a punitive measure. The Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 contains various factors that guide a court in determining whether it is in the interests of justice to grant bail. Unfortunately, by giving undue weight to certain factors and ignoring others, courts have been known to deny bail on the basis that a lack of sufficient assets owned by accused persons means that they are likely to be flight risks. This is arguably unfair discrimination in terms of relevant Constitutional rights.
Politics, democracy and the machinery of the state
Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: September 2016

Editorial
Determining the Age of Criminal Capacity: Acting in the best interest of children in conflict with the law
Authors: Schoeman Marelize Isabel
Published: September 2016

This article aims to stimulate critical discourse on the current practices regarding best interest of children in conflict with the law. The issue explored is whether determining the criminal capacity of children in conflict with the law is in the best interest of these children.Findings indicated that logistical and operational challenges are denying child offenders services as intended in the Act. In the light of this finding, the article advocates for keeping a clear vision of the Act’s restorative and rehabilitative intention as opposed to following a pragmatic approach during the upcoming review of the age of criminal capacity.
Combating drunken driving: Questioning the validity of blood alcohol concentration analysis
Authors: Ehmke Ursula , Du Toit-Prinsloo Lorraine , Deysel Christelle , Jordaan Joyce , Saayman Gert
Published: September 2016

The reliability and accuracy of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) results presented in South African courts of law in respect of possible driving under the influence (DUI) cases, have in recent years been subjected to intense scrutiny and severe criticism.  Research has shown that multiple factors may negatively impact on the reliability of results obtained from the analysis of such samples - including inappropriate or non-standardised sample management after acquisition thereof.  In particular, long delays between sample acquisition and the analysis thereof may compromise the validity of results.  Such delays may also negatively affect the outcome of both criminal and civil legal proceedings in possible DUI cases.  A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on records from the Pretoria Forensic Chemistry Laboratory (PFCL) regarding the relevant dates pertaining to blood samples from deceased persons which were received for analysis. These parameters included the date of sample acquisition at medico-legal mortuaries, delays in submission of samples to the laboratory and date of actual analysis.  In addition, the expiration dates of sample collection kits were recorded.  Our results show that numerous expired kits were utilised and that there was an average delay of approximately five months between sample acquisition and laboratory analysis thereof.  This delay period varied greatly but appears to correlate with geographical distance of the medico-legal mortuary from the PFCL.  In order to optimise and facilitate the administration of justice in both criminal and civil cases of alleged DUI, these shortcomings should be urgently addressed.  It is argued that the implementation of prescribed measures and standard operating procedures in sample management, together with other interventions such as accreditation of laboratories and improved resourcing of medico-legal and toxicology laboratories, is urgently required.
The killing fields of KZN: Local government elections, violence and democracy in 2016
Authors: De Haas Mary Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

Various government initiatives focus on the promotion of social cohesion for nation building. The impact of social cohesion on levels of violence is also the subject of research. This article argues that despite official rhetoric organs of state - are used  in KwaZulu-Natal to  serve party political interests by targeting cohesive groupings struggling for their constitutional rights. Violence is promoted and nation building retarded.  The main case study cited is that of violence-wracked Glebelands hostel in Durban. Since it is also argued that what is happening in Glebelands is not an isolated case reference is also made to the similar targeting of the shack dwellers’ movement Abahali baseMjondolo.
San and Nama indigenous knowledge: The case of |nhora (Pteronia camphorata) and its medicinal use
Authors: Hulley Isabel M. , Tilney Patricia M. , Van Vuuren Sandy F. , Kamatou Guy P.P. , Nortje Janneke M. , Viljoen Alvaro M. , Van Wyk Ben-Erik
Published: September 2016

A hitherto unidentified medicinal plant is here identified for the first time as Pteronia camphorata (L.) L., an aromatic shrub of the Asteraceae family endemic to the western and southern coastal region of South Africa. The plant was described in this journal by Laidler1 in 1928 as ‘D/nhora buchu’, and is one of the important types of buchu used by the Nama people. We report the traditional medicinal uses among San and Nama people, based on our interviews with rural participants. These include the treatment of colds, influenza, chest ailments and tuberculosis, as well as convulsions, haemorrhoids and inflammation of the neck. The major and minor chemical compounds of the essential oil that is produced by the plant are identified, together with the site of accumulation of this volatile oil within the leaf. We also investigated the plant’s antimicrobial activity against a selection of a yeast and two Gram-negative and one Gram-positive bacteria, all of which are associated with respiratory infections. P. camphorata is scientifically poorly known but is an important San and Nama traditional remedy. Our study not only prevents the potential loss of historically important indigenous knowledge, but also provides the first scientific evidence to validate the traditional use of ǀnhora against upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including tuberculosis. This detailed study has wider application in demonstrating the fragility of the oral–traditional knowledge of a scientifically neglected indigenous group. It also highlights the scientific and practical importance of preserving traditional plant-use knowledge within a botanically diverse region.

Significance: 

Reveals the botanical identity of ǀnhora, an important Nama medicinal plant.
Presents scientific evidence to validate the traditional uses.
Contributes to the cultural heritage of a scientifically neglected indigenous group.
Demonstrates the fragility of oral–traditional knowledge.
Communication Strategies among Trilingual Speakers: Switching and Borrowing among Sinhala, English & Japanese Languages
Authors: Kanduboda Prabath B.
Published: September 2016

The present study examined communication strategies among trilingual speakers. The main focus was to seek evidence on language switching and language borrowing as communication strategies during conversations of Sinhala, English, and Japanese languages. A free-discussion task was conducted to gather data. Twenty-five native Sinhala speakers (14 male and 11 female) residing in Japan took part in the present task. The discussions were recorded and the results were analyzed via a simple contrast and a decision tree analysis using statistics. The analysis showed that switching and borrowing occurs arbitrarily among three languages during conversations with a high significance [x2(2)=46.985, p<. 0.01]. Thus, according to this study, language switching mostly occurs between Japanese & Sinhala languages, while language borrowing mostly occurs during Sinhala language conversations.
Intertextuality and the Representation of Insults in Pro-NPP and Pro-NDC Newspapers in Ghana: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Ofori Emmanuel Amo
Published: September 2016

Intertextuality is the idea that “text cannot be viewed or studied in isolation since texts are not produced or consumed in isolation: all texts exist, and therefore must be understood, in relation to other texts” (Richardson, 2007, p. 100). In this study, I examine the kinds of Intertextuality used in the representation of insults in pro-New Patriotic Party (NPP) and National Democratic Congress (NDC) newspapers in Ghana. I relate Intertextuality to van Dijk’s ideological square to show how newspapers re-echo and legitimize the voice of the in-group by assigning them with authoritative qualities and titles, credentials that make whatever they say very reliable and at times taken as the truth without submitting them to any critical evaluation. However, in instances where the voices of the out-group members are reported, as Rojo (1995, p. 54) puts it, it is a means to “criticize them or discredit them.” The application of Intertextuality, in this study, reveals what both pro-NPP and pro-NDC papers consider newsworthy, that is, whose insult or voice is reported and whose is not. It shows how the in-group’s insults are represented in relation to the out-group. It further identifies the underlying ideologies in the representation of insults in Ghanaian political discourse.