bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPENTANONES PART 14, SYNTHESIS OF A PROSTANOID SYNTHON STARTING FROM 3‐ALKYL‐1,2,4‐CYCLOPENTANETRIONES
Authors: VAN BRUSSEL W. , VAN HOOLAND J. , DE CLERCQ P. , VANDEWALLE M.
Published: March 2016

Die Cyclopentantrione (I) werden nach angegebenem Schema in die all‐trans‐Cyclopentandiole (VIa)‐ übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: STOECHIOMETRISCHE ABWEICHUNG VON INAS‐KRISTALLEN BEI IHRER HERSTELLUNG UNTER FLUESSIGKEITSABSCHLUSS
Authors: MARBAKH A. L. , PERMINOVA L. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Abweichung von der Stöchiometrie für InAs‐Ein‐ und Polykristalle bei ihrer Herstellung nach der Czochralski‐Methode unter einer B203‐Schicht wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ROLLE DER DIFFUSION UND DER GRAPHITISIERUNG BEI DER INTERPHASENWECHSELWIRKUNG VON SYNTHETISCHEM DIAMANT MIT EISEN
Authors: VISHNEVSKII A. S. , LYSENKO A. V. , OSITINSKAYA T. D. , DELEVI V. G.
Published: March 2016

Metallographjsch werden die Diffusionskoeffizienten bestimmt, und die Anfangskonzentration des Kohlenstoffs im System C‐Fe wird ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SORPTION OF POLYVALENT ELEMENTS ON SILICA GEL PART 7, SORPTION OF ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM ON SILICA GEL IN THE PRESENCE OF PHOSPHORIC AND PHENYLARSENIC ACIDS AND OF IODATE
Authors: CALETKA R.
Published: March 2016

Der Einfluß von Phosphorsäure, von Phenylarsensäure und Jodat auf die Sorption von Zr und Hf an Silicagel aus schwefelsauren, Salzsäure‐ und oxalsauren Lösungen sowie aus einer HCl/KSCN‐Mischung wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF LACTONE‐ACID‐SALT EQUILIBRIA AND KINETICS OF HYDROLYSIS OF GAMMA‐D‐GALACTONOLACTONE
Authors: DUTTA S. K.
Published: March 2016

Es werden die Hydrolyse der Titelverbindung und die Dissoziation der entstehenden Säure untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ANODIC OXIDATION PART 14, PRODUCTS FROM THE ELECTROCHEMICAL FUNCTIONALISATION OF OLEFINS IN METHANOL
Authors: BRETTLE ROGER , SUTTON JOHN R.
Published: March 2016

Die Produktzusammensetzung bei der Elektrolyse von 3,3‐Dimethyl‐buten‐(l), 2,3‐Dimethyl‐buten‐(2), Cyclohexen (Nachuntersuchung) und Styrol (Nachuntersuchung) in Methanol in Gegenwart von Methoxid‐Ionen oder Methylcarbonat‐ Ionen wird untersucht [Bildung von Alkenen, Methyläthern, Alkoholen und Methylestern bzw. Carbonaten].
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL‐OXOCARBONIUM IONS PART 7, ORIENTATIONAL EFFECTS
Authors: RADATUS BRUNO K. , FRASER‐REID BERT
Published: March 2016

Die anomeren D‐Allopyranoside (I) und das Homoallyljodid (III) liefern bei der Hydrolyse (Puffer pH : 7) das Formylcyclopropan (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSIS OF SULPHUR‐CONTAINING NITRONES, SUPPORT FOR A METHYLENEOXAZIRIDINE RADICAL INTERMEDIATE AND FORMATION OF NEW HETEROCYCLES
Authors: LEYSHON WYNFORD M. , WILSON DAVID A.
Published: March 2016

Das Nitron (I) liefert bei Bestrahlung in Hexadeuterobenzol neben Benzophenon (II) und Diäthylsulfid (III) Methylcyanid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSIS AND THERMOLYSIS OF N‐(N‐ARYLIMIDOYL)SULPHIMIDES
Authors: GILCHRIST THOMAS L. , MOODY CHRISTOPHER J. , REES CHARLES W.
Published: March 2016

Die Sulfimide des Typs (Ia) werden nach bekannten Verfahren sowie durch Behandlung des Sulfids (IIIa) mit Chlorsuccinimid (IV) und nachfolgende Reaktion mit dem Amidin (V) in Methylenchlorid dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUARTIGE UMLAGERUNG MIT INNERMOLEKULARER WASSERSTOFFVERSCHIEBUNG BEI DER RADIKALISCHEN ISOMERISIERUNG CYCLISCHER FORMALE
Authors: ZLOTSKII S. S. , KRAVETS E. KH. , MARTEM'YANOV V. S. , RAKHMANKULOV D. L.
Published: March 2016

Die durch Di‐tert.‐butylperoxid initiierte Isomerisierung des Bisformals (I) in Chlorbenzol bei 130°C (im Bombenrohr unter N2) liefert ein Gemisch des Formiats (III) mit dem Dimethyldioxan (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOSUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: CORNELISSE J.
Published: March 2016

In dem Artikel werden unter anderem die dirigierenden und aktivierenden Effekte von Substituenten bei Photosubstitutionsreaktionen an Aromaten untersucht, der Mech/anismus wird diskutiert und kinetische Messungen werden erörtert.
ChemInform Abstract: TRAPPING OF A TRANS INTERMEDIATE IN THE PHOTODIMERIZATION OF A BENZO‐2,4‐CYCLOHEPTADIENONE, UNUSUAL PHOTODIMERS FROM A NAPHTHO‐2,4‐CYCLOHEPTADIENONE, EVIDENCE FOR TRANS INTERMEDIATES
Authors: HART H. , SUZUKI M.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Photblyse in Cyclohexan liefert das cis‐konfigurierte Benzocycloheptadienon (I) im Gleichgewicht mit seiner trans‐Form (II) die Dimeren (III) und (IV), während unter Zusatz von Furan (V) die Addukte (VI) und (VII) abgefangen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG UND KINETIK DES ZERFALLS EINES INTERMEDIAEREN BEI DER OXIDATION VON BENZALDEHYD MIT PERBENZOESAEURE
Authors: IVANOV A. M. , IVANOVA L. A.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Oxidation von Benzaldehyd (I) mit Perbenzoesäure (II) in Gegenwart von Co(III)‐acetat in Acetanhydrid bei 45°C entsteht primär das Addukt (III), das dann unter Bildung von Benzoesäure (IV) sowie geringer Mengen des Formiats (V) zerfällt.
ChemInform Abstract: LIALH4 REDUCTION OF 1‐ALKYLTHIOISOQUINOLINES, 4‐ALKYLTHIOQUINAZOLINES AND THEIR PERCHLORATE SALTS
Authors: SINGH HARJIT , KUMAR ASHWANI , KUMAR K. S. , LAL K. B.
Published: March 2016

Die Reduktion (LiAlH4, dann wäßriges NaOH) der Chinazoline (I) ergibt neben den hydrierten Produkten (II) bzw. (III) auch die Hydrogenolyseprodukte (IV) und (V), die im Fall der Allylverbindung (Ia) sogar den Hauptanteil am Produktgemisch ausmachen.
ChemInform Abstract: CLEAVAGE REACTION OF CYCLIC ETHERS BY ALKYL CHLOROSULFINATES
Authors: HARA Y. , MATSUDA M.
Published: March 2016

Aus den cyclischen Äthem (I) erhält man mit Methylchlorsulfinat (II) die Spaltprodukte (III) bzw. aus unsymmetrischen Epoxiden auch die isomeren Ester (IV), deren jeweiligen Anteile ermittelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSPECIFIC 1,4 ADDITION OF A PROPARGYLIC ANION, A GENERAL SYNTHON FOR 2‐SUBSTITUTED PROPARGYLAMINES AS POTENTIAL CATALYTIC IRREVERSIBLE ENZYME INHIBITORS
Authors: METCALF B. W. , CASARA P.
Published: March 2016

Propargylamin (I) liefert über das Imin (II) und über die Grignardverbindung das Trimethylsilyl‐Derivat (III), das mit Butyllithium und Acrylester in das Addukt (IV) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: UNIQUE METHODOLOGY FOR THE CONJUGATE REDUCTION AND REDUCTIVE ALKYLATION OF ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ESTERS
Authors: GANEM B. , FORTUNATO J. M.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem ungesättigten Ester (I) erhält man mit Kalium‐selectrid (Kalium‐sek.‐butylborhydrid) über das Anion (II) neben einer Reduktion zu (III) durch eine weitere Reaktion izon (II) mit (I) den ungesättigten Ketoester (IV)‐ bzw. dessen Reduktionsprodukt (V).
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS AND CYCLIZATION OF OMEGA‐ALKOXYALKYL‐ AND OMEGA‐PHENOXYALKYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDES
Authors: BANKS RAYMOND , BROOKES ROBERT F. , GODSON DAVID H.
Published: March 2016

Die Carbamoylchloride (I), die aus den entsprechenden sek. Aminen und Phosgen dargestellt werden, lagern sich bei Zimmertemperatur (R′= Alkyl, n = 2 oder 3) oder beim Erhitzen auf 100‐120°C zu den entsprechenden Carbamaten (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: ALL‐CIS‐9,9′‐BICYCLONONA‐1,3,5,7‐TETRAENYL UND DESSEN DIANION
Authors: HAFNER K. , BRAUN S. , NAKAZAWA T. , TAPPE H.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Lithium‐cyclononatetraenid (I) erhält man bei der Behandlung mit Jod das Dimere (II), das sich bei längerem Stehen in (III) umlagert und mit Kalium in das Dianion (IV) übergeht, aus dem mit weiterem Alkalimetall dimere Radikalanionen entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐DISUBSTITUTED 10‐AMINO‐2‐EXO‐BORNANOLS AND RELATIVE ESTERS
Authors: SCHENONE PIETRO , TASCA ANTONIETTA , BIGNARDI GAETANO , MOSTI LUISA
Published: March 2016

Die Ketoamide (I) werden durch LiAlH4 zu den Bornanolen (II) reduziert (NMR‐ spektroskopische Bestimmung der räumlichen Stellung der OH‐Gruppe).
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYL BROMIDE ‐ ORGANOLITHIUM INTERACTIONS OF ISOMERIC 7‐METHOXY‐2‐NORBORNYL SYSTEMS LARGE EFFECTS BY INTRAMOLECULAR COORDINATION
Authors: BOERHORST E. , SCHMITZ R. F. , KLUMPP G. W.
Published: March 2016

exo‐2‐Brom‐syn‐7‐methoxy‐bicyclo(2,2,1)heptan (I) wird mit Butyllithium (II) umgesetzt und die Bildung der Reaktionsprodukte (III)‐(VII) erklärt.
ChemInform Abstract: STOBBE CONDENSATION OF ACETOPHENONE, 4‐METHOXYACETOPHENONE AND 2,5‐DIMETHOXYACETOPHENONE WITH DIETHYL SUCCINATE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ITACONIC ACIDS
Authors: MAHAJAN A. P. , TELANG R. B. , KULKARNI A. B.
Published: March 2016

Die Acetophenone (I) setzen sich jeweils mit Diäthylsuccinat (II) zu trennbaren Gemischen der entsprechenden cis‐trans‐isomeren Itaconsäuren (IIIa) und (IIIb) um (Untersuchung der Stereochemie).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND HYDROLYSEKINETIK ALIPHATISCHER SULFONSAEUREHALOGENIDE, EINFLUSS DER AUSTRETENDEN GRUPPE
Authors: TUCHAPSKII I. M. , VIZGERT R. V.
Published: March 2016

Durch Bromierungen der Hydrazide (I) in Chloroform bei 0‐5°C werden die Sulfonsäurebromide (II), analog die Bromide (III) (Ausbeute 89 bzw. 58%) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC DISULFIDES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES PART 39, STUDY OF INSERTION REACTIONS USING CARBENOIDS, CARBENES, YLIDES, AND NITRENES
Authors: FIELD L. , BANKS C. H.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Disulfiden (I) erhält man bei der Behandlung mit der aus Methylenjodid und Zn/Cu‐Legierung erhaltenen Zwischenstufe (II) die Einschiebungsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN CENTRALLY STIMULATING XANTHONE DERIVATIVES PART 12, SOME OPEN MODELS AND CONCLUSIVE REMARKS
Authors: VALENTI PIERO , FANELLI OTTORINO , DA RE PAOLO , CIMA LORENZO
Published: March 2016

Eine weitere Modifikation N‐disubstituierter 3‐Methoxy‐4‐aminomethyl‐xanthone sind die von diesen abgeleiteten offenen Verbindungen (I) und (II), die nach üblichen Verfahren dargestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 1,2‐DIHYDROBENZOCYCLOBUTENE‐1‐CARBONITRILES WITH METHYL ACRYLATE AS AN UNSYMMETRIC DIENOPHILE
Authors: KAMETANI TETSUJI , KATO YASUYUKI , HONDA TOSHIO , FUKUMOTO KEIICHIRO
Published: March 2016

Beim Erhitzen der nach üblichen Verfahren dargestellten Dihydrobenzocyclobutene (I) mit Acrylsäuremethylester (II) in Toluol entstehen die stereoisomeren Tetraline (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SOLVOLYSIS OF TRICYCLO(4,3,2,0(2,5))UNDECA‐3,8,10‐TRIEN‐7‐OL, AN UNUSUAL (CH)11(+) REARRANGEMENT
Authors: GROVES J. T. , BERNHARDT C. A.
Published: March 2016

Cyclobutadien‐eisentricarbonyl (I) liefert über Cyclobutadien (II) mit Tropon (III) in Gegenwart von Ce‐Ionen das Addukt (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON LACTAMS PART 42, A STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF SOME ALPHA‐AMIDO‐BETA‐LACTAMS
Authors: BOSE AJAY K. , MANHAS M. S. , CHAWLA H. P. S. , DAYAL B.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung von N‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐glycinchloriden, wie (I), mit Iminen, wie (II), in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin führt stereoselektiv zu β‐Lactamen, wie den Azetidinonen (III), deren Schutzgruppe sich durch Behandeln mit z.B. HBr in Trifluoressigsäure abspalten läßt. Entsprechend ergeben die Reaktionen von (Ia) mit den Dihydrothiazinen (IV) und (VI) die bicyclischen Lactame (Va) [das sich durch Abspalten der Benzyloxycarbonylgruppe und Umsetzen mit Phenoxyacetylchlorid in (Vb) überführen läßt] bzw. (VIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: THE CONVERSION OF SECOPENICILLANIC ACID DERIVATIVES INTO NEW AZETIDINONES AND OXAZOLINE‐AZETIDINONES
Authors: BREMNER D. H. , CAMPBELL M. M. , JOHNSON G.
Published: March 2016

Die Verbindungen (I) reagieren nicht mit N‐Chlor‐N‐natrium‐urethan (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORIERUNG DES FURFUROL‐ALUMINIUMCHLORID‐KOMPLEXES
Authors: NAZAROVA Z. N. , GORYAEV S. S.
Published: March 2016

DurchiÜberführung von Furfurol (I) in den AlCl3‐Komplex und dessen Chlorierung bei 25°C läßt sich ein Gemisch von 4‐Chlor‐furfurol (II) mit geringen Mengen des Dichlorfurfurols (III) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION BETWEEN 2‐CHLORO‐3H‐INDOL‐3‐ONE AND PHENOLS
Authors: BEGLEY WILLIAM J. , GRIMSHAW JAMES
Published: March 2016

Durch Kondensation derTitelverbindung (I) mit dem Phenol (II) in siedendem Benzol wird das Kondensationsprodukt (III) erhalten, das nach spektroskopischer Untersuchung in chinoider Struktur vorliegt und über eine H‐Brückenbindung verfügt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF ENANTIOMERIC 4‐OXA‐2,6‐DIAZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPT‐2‐EN‐7‐ONES FROM METHYL 6ALPHA‐ AND 6BETA‐PHENOXYACETAMIDOPENICILLANATES
Authors: CAMPBELL MALCOLM M. , JOHNSON GRAHAM
Published: March 2016

Das 6α‐Penicillin‐Derivat (Ia) geht beim Behandeln mit Chloramin T oder mit Dichlorjodbenzol (DICB) in das (1R,5S)‐Oxadiazabicycloheptenon (II) über.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED ANTHRANYLS BY DESOXIDATION OF O‐NITROSOACYLBENZENES
Authors: SHABAROV YU. S. , MOCHALOV S. S. , FEDOTOV A. N. , KALASHNIKOV V. V.
Published: March 2016

Die aus 2‐Nitrophenylcyclopropanen synthetisierten 2‐Nitroso‐acylbenzole (I) reagieren mit äquimolaren Mengen Triphenylphosphin (II) zu den Anthranilen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME DERIVATIVES OF 2,4‐DIAMINO‐5‐PHENYLTHIAZOLE (AMIPHENAZOLE)
Authors: ADAMS JEFFREY G. , NICHOLLS PAUL J. , WILLIAMS HYWEL
Published: March 2016

Das aus p‐Benzyloxybenzaldehyd nach . Rapoport in 72%iger Ausbeute erhaltene Cyanid (Ia) reagiert mit Thionylchlorid zum Chlorderivat (Ib) (70% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON PYRYLIUMSALZEN AUS AETHERN
Authors: LUK'YANOV S. M. , ETMETCHENKO L. N. , KOBLIK A. V. , RAKINA O. A. , DOROFEENKO G. N.
Published: March 2016

Acetophenon (I) reagiert mit den Äthern (II) in Gegenwart von Triphenylmethylperchlorat (Molverhältnis wie 2:1:1) in siedendem Nitromethan unter Bildung der Pyryliumperchlorate (III); analog läßt sich aus 7‐Methoxy‐tetra1on‐( 1) und Methylbenzyläther das Perchlorat (IV) (Ausbeute 22%) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: SEPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF COMPONENTS OF LACTONS C12H22O2 ‐ SIDE PRODUCT OF N‐BUTANOLE CONDENSATION PART 1, ISOLATION AND STUDY OF LACTONE
Authors: LYUBOMILOV V. I. , ALEKSEEVA L. G. , KABASHNEVA A. M. , URMAN YA. G. , ZEL'MANOVA Z. I.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Kondensation von n‐Butanol für die Herstellung von 2‐Äthylhexanol bildet sich als Nebenprodukt (3 ‐ 5%) ein Gemisch von drei isomeren Lactonen, von denen zwei isoliert werden konnten, die in einer Menge von 60 ‐ 70% und 20 ‐ 30% im Gemisch enthalten sind.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN CENTRALLY STIMULATING XANTHONE DERIVATIVES PART 11, LENGTHENING OF THE BASIC CHAIN
Authors: VALENTI PIERO , SALVADORINI SILVERIO , DA RE PAOLO , CIMA LORENZO
Published: March 2016

Eine weitere Modifikation N‐disubstituierter 3‐Methoxy‐4‐aminomethyl‐xanthone ist die Verlängerung der Aminomethylkette sowie der Ringschluß zwischen der Methoxy‐Gruppe und der basischen Kette.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND OXIDATION OF ESTERS OF 2,6‐DIMETHYL‐1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINE‐3,5‐DICARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: ULDRIKIS YA. R. , DUBUR G. YA. , DIPAN I. V. , CHEKAVICHUS B. S.
Published: March 2016

Mit einer abgewandelten Hantzsch‐Synthese werden aus den Acetessigestern (I), Urotropin (II) und Ammoniumacetat die Dihydropyridin‐dicarbonsäureester (III) hergestelltSie lassen sich mit Chloranil zu den Pyridindicarbonsäureestern (IV) oxidieren.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN CENTRALLY STIMULATING XANTHONE DERIVATIVES, INTRODUCTION TO PART 10‐12, AND PART 10, ACRIDONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: VALENTI PIERO , BORRACCINI ALBERTO , DA RE PAOLO , CIMA LORENZO
Published: March 2016

Es werden einige Aspekte der Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen der ZNS‐stimulierenden Xanthone (I) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐ AND 1,4‐SHIFTS OF A METHYL GROUP DURING FISCHER INDOLE SYNTHESIS
Authors: FUSCO R. , SANNICOLO F.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem 1‐Amino‐tetrahydro‐chinolin (I) erhält man mit Schwefelsäure/Methanol oder mit Essigsäure unter Methylgruppen‐Wanderung das Cyclisierungsprodukt (II).
ChemInform Abstract: WAGNER‐MEERWEIN‐UMLAGERUNG VON 2‐AZABICYCLO(2,2,1)HEPTANEN
Authors: REHSE K. , FREDRICH D.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Aza‐norbomen (I) entsteht mit Trifluorperessigsäure das Epoxid (II), das mit Schwefelsäure/Methanol, HCl/Äthanol oder Titantetrachlorid/Toluol bzw. mit HBr/Äthanol zu den Spaltprodukten (IIIa)‐(IIIc) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: ION RADICALS PART 34, PREPARATION OF PHENOXATHIIN CATION RADICAL PERCHLORATE, FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF S‐IMINOPHENOXATHIIN (PHENOXATHIIN SULFILIMINE)
Authors: MANI S. R. , SHINE H. J.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Phenoxathiin‐Kationradikal‐perchlorat (I) erhält man mit Ammoniak neben Phenoxathiin (II) das Sulfilimin‐perchlorat (III) und das Dimere (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CONDENSED PYRIMIDINE SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF 2,4,6‐TRIPHENYLPYRILIUM PERCHLORATE
Authors: ZVEZDINA E. A. , ZHDANOVA M. P. , SIMONOV A. M. , DOROFEENKO G. N.
Published: March 2016

Triphenylpyryliumperchlorat (I) reagiert mit den 2‐Aminobenzimidazolen (II) in siedendem Dimethylformamid zu Pyrirnido‐benzimidazoliumsalzen (III) und Pyridiniumsalzen (IV) als Nebenprodukten.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF THE MAJOR METABOLITE OF 1‐ALLYL‐3,5‐DIETHYL‐6‐CHLOROURACIL NEW BICYCLIC BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: FISCHER P. , KAUL R. , KIEFER G. , ERHARDT S. , HEMPEL B.
Published: March 2016

Aus lyAllyl‐3,5‐diäthyl‐6‐chler‐uracil (I), dem wirksamen Bestandteil von Acluracil, entsteht als Metabolit der Bicyclus (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYSIS BY METAL COMPLEXES PART 33, HYDROSILYLATION OF 1,3‐BUTADIENE CATALYSED WITH RHODIUM(I) COMPLEXES
Authors: REJHON J. , HETFLEJS J.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Hydrosilylierung von Butadien (I) mit Trimethylsilan (IIa) in Gegenwart eines der Rh(I)‐Komplexe (III) entsteht ein Gemisch der Verbindungen (IVa), (V), (VIa) und (VIb), während die Silane (IIb) und (IIc) Butadien selektiv zu den cis‐Butenen (IVb) bzw. (IVc) silylieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON ALKYL‐(HALOGEN‐NITRO‐ALKOXY)‐SILANEN
Authors: KOZLOV L. M. , KOROLEVA L. A.
Published: March 2016

Chlorsilane (I) reagieren mit Halogen‐nitro‐alkoholen (II) in Gegenwart von Pyridin zu den Silanyläthern (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐FLASK PHOSPHORYLATIVE COUPLING OF TWO DIFFERENT ALCOHOLS
Authors: RAMIREZ F. , MARECEK J. F.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem cyclischen Phosphoresteranhydrid (I) entstehen mit den Phenolen (IIa), (IIb) die Monoester (III), die stufenweise mit verschiedenen Carbinolen (IV) und (VI) über mono‐und ′disubstituierte Derivate (V) bzw. (VII) zu den gemischten Phosphaten (VIII) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR UMSETZUNG DER CHLORIDE VON SAEUREN DES DREIWERTIGEN PHOSPHORS MIT 3,3‐DI(CHLORMETHYL)OXACYCLOBUTAN UND MIT EPICHLORHYDRIN
Authors: VLASOVA L. A. , KUZNETSOV E. V.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung des Dichlorids (I) mit dem Oxacyclobutanderivat (II) entstehen bei 70°C als Hauptprodukt das Monochlorid (III), bei 90°C das Phosphonat (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATE SUBSTITUIERTER VINYLPHOSPHONSAEUREN 20. MITT. UMWANDLUNGEN SUBSTITUIERTER VINYLPHOSPHONATE DURCH ELEKTROPHILE REAGENTIEN
Authors: MOSKVA V. V. , NOVRUZOV S. A. , ISMAILOV V. M. , RAZUMOV A. I. , ZYKOVA T. V.
Published: March 2016

Läßt man auf die Vinylphosphonsäuredichloride (II) HCl‐Gas bei 0°C einwirken, dann entstehen die thermisch instabilen Verbindungen (I), die bei der Destillation wieder HCl zu(II) abspalten.
ChemInform Abstract: NATURE OF THE COMPLEXES OF HALIDES OF P(V) AND SB(V) AND CHLORIDES OF AS(III), SB(III) AND BI(III) WITH BENZOINS
Authors: MALHOTRA K. C. , CHAUDHRY S. C.
Published: March 2016

P‐pentachlorid, Sb‐pentachlorid und ‐fluorid bilden mit Benzoin und dessen 2,2′‐ Derivaten bei äquimolarer Umsetzung in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff oder Benzol die monomeren, oktaedrischen Produkte (I), in denen die Benzoin‐Liganden als einbasische, zweizähnige OO‐Liganden fungieren.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF ALKANOYLMETHYLENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANES
Authors: MIYANO M. , STEALEY M. A.
Published: March 2016

Nach einem Überblick über die Herstellungsverfahren für Alkanoylmethylentriphenylphosphorane wird als neue Herstellung die Umsetzung der Säurechloride (I) mit Imidazol (II) zu (III) und die weitere Kondensation mit dem Ylid (IV) unter Bildung von (V) beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRONENNATUR DER PHOSPHINOMETHYLENGRUPPE 1. MITT.
Authors: YURCHENKO R. I. , VOITSEKHOVASKAYA O. M. , ZHMUROVA I. N. , LYSOVA N. N.
Published: March 2016

Die Synthese von 18 Phosphoniumsalzen (III) aus Phosphinen (I) und Brommethylderivaten (II) wird kurz beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: BIS‐(P‐ISOCYANATOPHENYL)‐METHYL‐ UND ‐PHENYLPHOSPHINOXIDE
Authors: SHOKOL V. A. , DOROSHENKO V. V. , DERKACH G. I.
Published: March 2016

Die Bis‐azide (I) gehen beim Erhitzen in die Bis‐isocyanate (II) über, aus denen man mit aromatischen Aminen die Hanrstoffe (III) erhält.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVES FOR STUDIES OF PHOSPHORUS STEREOCHEMISTRY PART 5, PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS OF TETRAHYDRO‐1,3,2‐OXAZAPHOSPHORINE‐2‐ONES AND ‐THIONES
Authors: HARRISON JOHN M. , INCH THOMAS D. , LEWIS GILBERT J.
Published: March 2016

Behandeln des Glycopyranosids (I) mit Methanphosphonsäure‐, Benzolphosphonsäure‐ bzw. Methanthiophosphonsäuredichlorid führt zu den konformeren Tetrahydro‐oxazaphosphorinonen (II) und (III) bzw. ‐phosphorthjonen (IV) und (V) [(IIIa) entsteht neben (IIa) erst bei längerem Rückflußkochen].
ChemInform Abstract: A RAPID METHOD OF PREPARATION OF PHOSPHOLANIUM PERCHLORATES VIA INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATIONS OF 4‐HYDROXYBUTYLORGANOPHOSPHINES
Authors: PURDUM W. R. , BERLIN K. D.
Published: March 2016

Tetrahydrofuran (I) reagiert mit den Lithium‐organophosphiden (II) zu den Spa1tprodukten (III), aus denen mit HBr die Brombutyl‐Salze (IV) entstehen, die mit Alkali und mit Perchlorsäure zu den Phospholanium‐perchloraten (V) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORHALTIGE HETEROCYCLEN. KONDENSATION DER GLYKOL‐ UND BRENZCATECHINESTER DER AETHYLPHOSPHONIGSAEURE MIT ALPHA,BETA‐UNGESAETTIGTEN KETONEN
Authors: GRUK M. P. , RAZUMOVA N. A. , PETROV A. A.
Published: March 2016

Die aus den Glykolen (I) und Diäthylchlorphosphin (II) darstellbaren cyclischen Äthylphosphonigsäureester (III) reagieren sehr leicht mit Methylvinylketon (IVa) und etwas schwerer mit Mesityloxid (IVb) zu Isoxaphospholinen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR REAKTIONSFAEHIGKEIT SECHSGLIEDRIGER HETEROCYCLISCHER GAMMA‐KETOPHOSPHINE
Authors: AZERBAEV I. N. , BUTIN B. M. , BOSYAKOV YU. G.
Published: March 2016

Das Phosphin (I) cyclisiert unter dem Einfluß von Natriumäthylat zu dem Phosphacyclohexanon (II), das durch HCl in die Verbindung (III) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF HETERODIENES PART 4, STUDY OF DIPOLE MOMENTS AND ELECTRON INTERACTIONS OF ISOSELENOCYANATES
Authors: SUCHAR G. , KRISTIAN P.
Published: March 2016

Die Strukturen und mesomeren Wechselwirkungen der NCSe‐Gruppe der Produkte (I) werden anhand der in Benzol bei 20°C gemessenen Dipolmomente diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTION VON ALKYLTELLUROALKYLDIACETYLENEN MIT METHYLJODID
Authors: RADCHENKO S. I. , PETROV A. A.
Published: March 2016

Das Methyltellurodiin (I) reagiert mit Methyljodid bei 30°C glatt zum Telluroniumjodid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOTHALLIUM COMPOUNDS PART 10, THE FORMATION OF POLYFLUOROPHENYLTHALLIUM COMPOUNDS BY DESULPHINATION REACTIONS
Authors: DEACON G. B. , JOHNSON I. K.
Published: March 2016

Die Acetato‐bis‐(polyfluorphenyl)‐thallium(III)‐Verbindungen (IV) werden in der angegebenen Weise dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF CR(III) AND FE(III) WITH 2‐AMINOTHIOPHENOL AND 2‐AMINOPHENOL, OXO‐BRIDGING IN FE(III) COMPLEX
Authors: SINGH B. , CHOUDHARY R. V.
Published: March 2016

Cr(III) und Fe(III) in wäßriger Lösung bilden mit den in Methanol gelösten Titelliganden die 1:3‐Cr(III)‐Komplexe (I) und den u‐Oxo‐Fe(III)‐Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXCHEMIE REAKTIVER ORGANISCHER VERBINDUNGEN 9. MITT. EINBAU VON METHYLEN IN MANGAN‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: HERRMANN W. A. , REITER B. , BIERSACK H.
Published: March 2016

Die Cyclopentadienylmangankomplexe (I) reagieren bei Raumtemperatur mit Diazomethan zu einem Gemisch der u‐Methyliden‐und n‐Äthylen‐Komplexe (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATE DES BORABENZOLS 7. MITT. EINE NEUARTIGE RINGKONTRAKTION, BILDUNG VON CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐LIGANDEN AUS BORINAT‐LIGANDEN
Authors: HERBERICH G. E. , PAHLMANN W.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Behandlung von (I) mit FeCl3 in Gegenwart von H2O entsteht unter Ringkontraktion (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN VON NITROSYLKOMPLEXEN 4. MITT. NEUE CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐MY‐NITROSYL‐KOBALT‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: MUELLER J. , SCHMITT S.
Published: March 2016

Die Darstellung der Komplexe (II) und (IV) wird beschrieben und einige Eigenschaften werden erörtert.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERMOLECULAR LIGAND EXCHANGE IN TETRANUCLEAR METAL CARBONYL COMPLEXES
Authors: HOSSEINI H. E. , NIXON J. F.
Published: March 2016

Der aus den Carbonylkomplexen (I) oder (IV) durch Umsetzung mit dem Rhodiumkomplex (II) unter Abspaltung von Thalliumchlorid bzw. Kohlenmonoxid hergestellte Rhodium‐Kobalt‐Komplex (III) zeigt in Lösungen mit dem Rhodium‐Kobalt‐ Komplex (V) bei Raumtemperatur intermolekulare Ligandenaustauschprozesse.
ChemInform Abstract: PIGMENTS OF GNOMONIA ERYTHROSTOMA PART 3, SYNTHESIS OF A METHYL ETHER OF BISDEOXYERYTHROSTOMINONE
Authors: CROSS BRIAN E. , ZAMMITT LESLIE J.
Published: March 2016

Die Gerüststruktur und die Stellung von sechs der sieben vorhandenen Sauerstoff‐ Funktionen in Desoxyerythrostominon (Ib) werden durch eine Totalsynthese des Naphthopyranchinons (XIIa) bestätigt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRITERPENES PART 45, REACTION OF 20‐LUPANOL DERIVATIVES WITH LEAD TETRAACETATE
Authors: POUZAR V. , PROTIVA J. , LISA E. , KLINOTOVA E. , VYSTRCIL A.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion der Lupanol‐Derivate (Ia)‐(Ic) mit Pb‐Tetraacetat liefert die Derivate (IIa)‐(IIc) und als Nebenprodukt jeweils die Verbindung (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS AND RELATED NATURAL PRODUCTS PART 91, SYNTHESIS OF THE CARDENOLIDES CANARIGENIN AND UZARIGENIN
Authors: KAMANO YOSHIAKI , PETTIT GEORGE R. , TOZAWA MACHIKO
Published: March 2016

Die selektive Oxidation von Digitoxigenin (I) mit CrO3 in Essigsäure oder mit N‐Brom‐acetamid liefert das 5β‐Keton (IIa), dessen Chlorid (IIb) zu Canarigenon (III) dehydrohalogeniert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE TRANSFER CATALYZED REACTIONS PART 1, HIGHLY STEREOSELECTIVE FORMATION OF THE THERMODYNAMICALLY LESS STABLE MANNO ISOMERS FROM NITRO SUGARS WITH ACTIVE METHYLENE COMPOUNDS
Authors: SAKAKIBARA T. , SUDOH R.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem 3‐Nitro‐2‐en‐pyranosid (II) bzw. seiner Vorstufe (I) erhält man bei der Kondensation unter Phase‐Transfer‐Bedingungen mit den aktiven Methylenverbindungen (III) die Addukte (IV); lediglich mit Malondinitril kann neben (IV) auch das Isomere (V) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEIC ACID COMPONENTS AND THEIR ANALOGUES PART 178, STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF BETA‐D‐RIBOPYRANOSYL NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES
Authors: KRITZYN A. M. , HOLY A.
Published: March 2016

Reaktion der Na‐Salze (II) mit der Arabinose (I) liefert die Nucleoside (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METABOLITES OF ASPERGILLUS TERREUS, 3‐HYDROXY‐2,5‐BIS‐(P‐HYDROXY‐PHENYL)‐PENTA‐2,4‐DIEN‐4‐OLIDE AND DERIVATIVES
Authors: GOLDING BERNARD T. , RICKARDS RODNEY W. , VANEK ZDENKO
Published: March 2016

Die Struktur (Ia) des aus Aspergillus terreus isolierten Aspergillids wird durch die Synthese seines Trimethyläthers (Ib) bestätigt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF GROWTH‐HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE BY THE PYRAZOLINE ACTIVE ESTER PROCEDURE
Authors: GIORI PAOLO , GUARNERI MARIO , MAZZOTTA DIONISIO , VICENTINI CHIARA BEATRICE , BENASSI CARLO A.
Published: March 2016

Das aus Schweinehypothalamus isolierte Dekapeptid (I) wird nach konventionellen Methoden synthetisiert.
Computational Insights into the Mechanisms of H2 Activation and H2/D2 Isotope Exchange by Dimolybdenum Tetrasulfide Complexes
Authors: Algarra Andrés G.
Published: March 2016

The mechanisms for H2 activation by [Cp*Mo]2(µ‐S)2(µ‐S2) (1‐a, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and its reaction product [Cp*Mo]2(µ‐S)2(µ‐SH)2 (2) have been investigated by DFT methods. The reaction of 1‐a involves the homolytic addition of H2 to its µ‐S ligands, followed by the cleavage of the S–S bond of the µ‐S2 ligand in a subsequent step. Complex 2 can adopt five conformations that only differ in the stereochemistry of the µ‐SH and µ‐S ligands; although an isomer with adjacent µ‐S ligands (2‐a) is formed initially, it then isomerises into the experimentally observed 2‐d. This species promotes H/D scrambling in H2/D2 mixtures, and the mechanism of the process has also been studied. Notably, all of the computed pathways for the addition of D2 to 2‐d present prohibitive barriers; instead, only those isomers with adjacent µ‐S ligands are able to react further. The homolytic activation of D2 by these leads to isomers of [Cp2Mo2(µ‐SH)2(µ‐SD)2], the interconversion of which is the rate‐determining step.
Microwave‐Assisted Formylations of Weakly Basic Anilines with Methyl Formate Catalyzed by Calcium and Hydrogen Triflimides
Authors: Tan Eric , Ung Sosthène , Corbet Matthieu
Published: March 2016

Catalytic amounts of calcium and hydrogen triflimides [Ca(NTf2)2, HNTf2] were found to be efficient for the solvent‐free formylation of a variety of weakly basic anilines by using cheap and widely available methyl formate as the formylating agent under microwave irradiation. Initial investigations showed that in the case of calcium triflimide, Brønsted acid catalysis was most likely operating. Remarkably, the corresponding calcium triflate and triflic acid were significantly less active.
Integration of antimicrobial pectin‐based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh‐cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Rojo Brillante)
Authors: Sanchís Elena , Ghidelli Christian , Sheth Chirag C , Mateos Milagros , Palou Lluís , Pérez‐Gago María B
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

The greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh‐cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin‐based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh‐cut ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon. The survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes artificially inoculated on fresh‐cut fruit was also assessed. The pectin coating was amended with 500 IU mL−1 nisin (NI) as antimicrobial agent and 10 g kg−1 citric acid and 10 g kg−1 calcium chloride as anti‐browning and firming agents, respectively. Persimmon slices were dipped in the coating or in water (control) and packed under 5 kPa O2 (MAP) or in ambient atmosphere for up to 9 days at 5 °C. Microbial growth, package gas composition, colour, firmness, polyphenol oxidase activity, visual quality and overall sensory flavour of persimmon slices were measured during storage.

RESULTS

Coating application combined with active MAP significantly reduced the CO2 emission and O2 consumption in the package. The coating was effective in reducing browning and also inhibited the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Coating also reduced the populations of E. coli, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes.

CONCLUSION

The combination of the pectin‐based edible coating and active MAP proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the sensory and microbiological quality of persimmon slices for more than 9 days of storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
On regularity criterion to the 3D axisymmetric incompressible MHD equations
Authors: Liu Jitao
Published: March 2016

This paper is concerned with the regularity criterion for a class of axisymmetric solutions to 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations. More precisely, for the solutions that have the form of u = urer+uθeθ+uzez and b = bθeθ, we prove that if |ru(x,t)|≤C holds for −1≤t < 0, then (u,b) is regular at time zero. This result can be thought as a generalization of recent results in for the 3D incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Krause's model of opinion dynamics on isolated time scales
Authors: Girejko Ewa , Machado Luís , Malinowska Agnieszka B. , Martins Natália
Published: March 2016

We analyze a bounded confidence model, introduced by Krause, on isolated time scales. In this model, each agent takes into account only the assessments of the agents whose opinions are not too far away from its own opinion. We show that the behavior of the model depends strongly on the graininess function μ: If μ takes values in the interval ]0,1], then our discrete time scale model behaves similarly to the classical one, but if μ takes values in ]1,+∞[, then the model has different properties. Simulations are performed to validate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive continuous‐time model predictive controller for implantable insulin delivery system in Type I diabetic patient
Authors: Patra Akshaya Kumar , Rout Pravat Kumar
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a physiological model of glucose–insulin (GI) interaction and design of a Continuous‐time Model Predictive Controller (CMPC) to regulate the blood glucose (BG) level in Type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patients. For the designing of the CMPC, a nonlinear physiological model of TIDM patient is linearized as a ninth‐order state‐space model with an implanted insulin delivery device. A novel control approach based on Continuous‐time Model Predictive technique is proposed for the BG regulation with rejection of periodic or random meal and exercise disturbances in the process. To justify its efficacy a comparative analysis with Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control, and recently published control techniques like Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID), Linear Quadratic Regulator with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQR/LTR) and H‐infinity has been established. The efficiency of the controller with respect to accuracy and robustness has been verified via simulation. The proposed controller performances are assessed in terms of ability to track a normoglycaemic set point of 81 mg/dl (4.5 mmol/l) in the presence of Gaussian and stochastic noise. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rheological behavior of various polyvinylidene difluoride binders for high capacity LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2
Authors: Biso Maurizio , Colombo Roberta , Uddin Md‐Jamal , Stanga Milena , Cho Sung‐Jin
Published: March 2016

Various polyvinylidene difluorides (PVDF) as polymeric binding agent in lithium‐ion battery were rheologically evaluated on high capacity and excess lithium‐LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (Ni‐rich NMC). We found that the suspension polymerized PVDF binder is more stable upon gelation for long duration while other high molecular weight PVDF binders (MW > 900,000) show irreversible rheological transformation that can dramatically compromise the coating step during lithium‐ion battery electrode slurry preparation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:760–764, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis of silicon oxide nanowires by the GJ EBP CVD method using different diluent gases
Authors: Khmel S. Ya. , Baranov E. A. , Zaikovskii A. V. , Zamchiy A. O. , Maximovskiy E. A. , Gulyaev D. V. , Zhuravlev K. S.
Published: March 2016

Nanowires of silicon oxide SiOx (x ≤ 2) were synthesized from a mixture of monosilane and hydrogen (helium, argon) by gas‐jet electron beam plasma chemical vapor deposition (GJ EBP CVD) method with simultaneous supply of oxygen into the vacuum chamber. The synthesis was performed on monocrystalline silicon and glass substrates coated with micron‐sized particles of a tin catalyst. In particular, aligned arrays of nanowire bundles (microropes) were synthesized from a mixture of monosilane and hydrogen (argon). A bundle of amorphous silicon oxide nanowires, each of which is about 15 nm in diameter, grows from a catalyst particle. The growth rate of the microropes is about 25 nm s−1 at a synthesis temperature of 320–330 °C. The morphology of the nanostructures was investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, their composition by X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and optical properties by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The synthesis was carried out using the well‐known vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. A model is proposed for the synthesis of the nanostructures by the above method, including the formation of aligned bundles of nanowires (microropes) due to nonuniform heating of the catalyst particle by directed plasma flow. The obtained nanostructures have intense photoluminescence in the visible region of the spectrum at room temperature.
Quick and easy preparation method for decoctions of kampo formula (part 3): Extraction efficiency of the IPCD method for volatile compounds
Authors: Fueki Tsukasa , Sumino Megumi , Makino Toshiaki , Matsuoka Takanori , Beppu Masashi , Tanaka Koichiro , Namiki Takao
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim

The immersing powdered crude drugs (IPCD) method was developed as a quick, easy and high‐yield way to prepare decoctions. IPCD may be very useful for decoctions of crude drugs containing volatile compounds because it does not involve boiling. The aim of this study was therefore to test this hypothesis using cinnamon bark (the bark of the trunk of
Cinnamomum cassia) and perilla herb (the leaves and the tips of the branches of
Perilla frutescens var. acuta).

Methods

The amounts of the marker compounds in the IPCD immersion prepared from cinnamon bark or perilla herb were measured and compared with those prepared with the conventional decoction method.

Results

The amounts of cinnamaldehyde and perillaldehyde in the IPCD immersion per 1 g of crude drugs exceeded those in the conventional decoctions by two‐fold and 30‐fold, respectively.

Conclusion

The IPCD method is outstanding for the decoction of crude drugs containing volatile compounds.
La sépulture multiple laténienne du site de Gondole (Le Cendre, Puy-de-Dôme)
Authors: Sarry F. , Courtaud P. , Cabezuelo U.
Published: March 2016

La sépulture multiple du site de Gondole, découverte en 2002, est localisée sur la commune du Cendre, dans le Puy-de-Dôme, en Auvergne. Datée de la Tène D2, elle s'inscrit pleinement dans le contexte de la guerre des Gaules. Située au cœur du lieu de pouvoir arverne constitué par les oppidums de Corent, Gergovie et Gondole, la structure réunit huit chevaux dans sa partie ouest et huit hommes dans sa partie est. Il s'agit de sept adultes (dont un jeune adulte) et d'un sujet immature. Parmi les adultes, quatre hommes sont identifiés avec certitude. Les données biologiques fournissent des indices en faveur d'une unité cohérente et rend compte de nombreux traumatismes. L'ambiguïté du contexte de découverte de cette sépulture fait de cette pratique « en marge du funéraire et du religieux », le témoin d'un événement unique que nous ne pouvons totalement appréhender.
A novel sibling-based design to quantify genetic and shared environmental effects: application to drug abuse, alcohol use disorder and criminal behavior
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Ohlsson H. , Edwards A. C. , Lichtenstein P. , Sundquist K. , Sundquist J.
Published: March 2016

Background

Twin studies have been criticized for upwardly biased estimates that might contribute to the missing heritability problem.

Method

We identified, from the general Swedish population born 1960–1990, informative sibships containing a proband, one reared-together full- or half-sibling and a full-, step- or half-sibling with varying degrees of childhood cohabitation with the proband. Estimates of genetic, shared and individual specific environment for drug abuse (DA), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and criminal behavior (CB), assessed from medical, legal or pharmacy registries, were obtained using Mplus.

Results

Aggregate estimates of additive genetic effects for DA, AUD and CB obtained separately in males and females varied from 0.46 to 0.73 and agreed with those obtained from monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the same population. Of 54 heritability estimates from individual classes of informative sibling trios (3 syndromes × 9 classes of trios × 2 sexes), heritability estimates from the siblings were lower, tied and higher than those from obtained from twins in 26, one and 27 comparisons, respectively. By contrast, of 54 shared environmental estimates, 33 were lower than those found in twins, one tied and 20 were higher.

Conclusions

With adequate information, human populations can provide many methods for estimating genetic and shared environmental effects. For the three externalizing syndromes examined, concerns that heritability estimates from twin studies are upwardly biased or were not generalizable to more typical kinds of siblings were not supported. Overestimation of heritability from twin studies is not a likely explanation for the missing heritability problem.
On Remains of the Megaceros Hibernicus in Gypsum in Ireland
Authors: Leslie David
Published: March 2016

The “Irish Elk” has been hitherto only found in the shell-marl underlying extensive turbaries. It is a true deer, intermediate between the fallow and rein-deer. In England it has been found in lacustrine beds, brick-earth, and ossiferous caves (Owen). The subject of the present paper is a dorsal vertebra belonging to a skeleton quite as large, if not larger than the specimen in the College of Surgeons Museum, London, with which it was compared. It was found on the Shirly property, in a bed of gypsum, county of Monaghan, Ireland. This gypsum-bed is very extensive, being many square miles in extent, underlying the glacial drift, embedded in and. sometimes alternating with a fine ferruginous clay. The subjacent rock is the older or lower coal sandstone, which lies unconformably on the mountain limestone, which reposes on the Silurian, the latter forming hills of 500 or 600 feet elevation in the immediate neighbourhood. The surface-soil is formed of ancient drifts of different ages, the one containing enormous blocks of mountain limestone, the other, the older, more compact, and containing small fragments, very rare, of a limestone, which, from comparison, is supposed to have been brought from the counties of Tyrone and Fermanagh, by a current that denuded all the western aspects of the Greywacke ranges of hills, producing very markedly the phenomena of “crag and tail,” which are there to be seen in endless examples.
New Species of Terebratella, From the Bargate Stone
Authors: Meyer. C. J. A.
Published: March 2016

I send some drawings and a short description of a pretty little Brachiopod from the Lower Greensand of Godalming, of which, unfortunately, I possess at present only a few single valves, viz. 7 dorsal and 4 ventral valves. These are, however, sufficiently perfect to enable me partially to describe the shell, and I take the present opportunity of so doing, with the hope that, at some future time, better specimens may come to light. (See Pl. XII. Figs. 1–6.)

The species is apparently new, local in distribution, and, so far as I am at present aware, confined to the “Bargate stone” of Guildford and Godalming, the position of which is near the base of the ferruginous or upper division (of Fitton) of the Lower Greensand. From the partial outward resemblance of this shell to that of Terebratella Menardi, and from the fact of the hinge line and medial septum in the dorsal valve being of the same form in both, I am inclined to consider this species as a Terebratella: the peculiar form of the dorsal valve has suggested its specific name.

Terebratella trifida, n. sp. Shell (judging from a comparison of several single valves) as wide as long, in old specimens perhaps rather longer than wide; convex in both valves: dorsal valve moderately convex, and divided into three portions; a large, elevated, mesial fold, in the shape of an acute rib, occupying the entire central division, on either side of which, on the lateral divisions, there exist one or two ribs of small elevation, followed occasionally by a third of still smaller size;
On the Foraminifera of the London Clay
Authors: Jones T. Rupert , Parker W. K.
Published: March 2016

In 1833, T. N. Wetherell, Esq., of Highgate, discovered several Foraminifera in some London Clay taken from a well at the Lower Heath, on the south side of Hampstead; see Proceed. Geol. Soc. vol. ii. 1834, p. 93, and Transact. Geol. Soc. 2 ser. vol. v. p. 131. In plate ix., one of the two plates accompanying Mr. Wetherell's paper in the Geol. Transactions, these Foraminifera, with other small fossils from the clay, were figured by Mr. J. De C. Sowerby, by whose help also the determination of the fossils was made.

At page 135 of Mr. Wetherell's paper, the figured Foraminifera are referred to as “Nodosaria, pl. ix. figs. 3–7; Articulina, figs. 8–10; Marginulina, fig. 12; Kotalin, figs. 13–18; Cristellaria, fig. 19; Miliola, fig. 20.” Fig. 11, doubtfully referred to “Frondiculina,” is not a Foraminifer, but probably the cast of the palettes of a Teredo; a similar fossil is figured and thus designated by D'Archiac in the Mém. Soc. Géol. Franc. We have seen, in Mr. Wetherell's collection, the Foraminifera from the well above-mentioned, as well as others from the London Clay of Hampstead, Highgate, and Finchley. We possess a large series of picked specimens collected by Mr. John Purdue from the London Clay of the Copenhagen Fields, Islington, when the cuttings for the Great Northern Railway were being made; also some from the London Clay of Finchley, Chelsea (bed of the Thames), and Clapham; and a very fine suite of specimens from Wimbledon Common (out of the clay at about 100 feet in depth).
On Helix, and Perforated Limestone
Authors: Hodgson E.
Published: March 2016

A few months ago I sent to the British Museum a block of mountain limestone, perforated into deep cells by mollusks. It was met with on a limestone ridge three miles south-west of Ulverston, and first attracted notice by being brought to town to be employed for building purposes.

The perforations were found to be on the under-side of a projecting ledge, and were large enough for the fingers to be introduced upwards to the depth, in some, of three inches, the diameter being about seven-eighths of an inch. They were inhabited, at the time of the discovery (August), by the land-snails Helix nemoralis and Helix concinna.

Mr. Woodward, on receiving the stone, very kindly sent for my perusal a ‘Memoir on Perforations by Helices in the Calcareous Rocks of the Boulonnais,’ by M. Bouchard-Chantereaux. In this memoir the author states his belief that the cells are the work of Helices, and that the eroding action is performed by the foot, with the aid of an acid secretion.

Ever since I became familiar with the microscopic structure of the tongue of Helix, etc., I have always believed that it was so constructed for purposes of abrasion, either of stone or other hard substances; but I was not previously aware that the land-snails were, any of them, supposed to form for themselves hollowed, hybernating chambers in rocks.
A Help to the Identification of Fossil Bivalve Shells
Authors: Seeley Harry
Published: March 2016

Lamellibranehiate shells are the most abundant fossils of most rocks. Numerous in genera, and prolific in species, they are multitudinous in individuals, and the specimens vary. The study is not easy. It has little of the poetry of many other branches of natural history, and has naturally received less attention. But in each subkingdom specially, no less than in the animal kingdom generally, the law holds good that the lower the organization the longer is the duration in time. And so, important as the higher mollusca are in the analysis of rocks into their several zones, it is on the lower forms we rely in synthetical arrangements. The Conchifera readily divide rocks into Palaeozoic and Neozoic,—no form with a pallial sinus being known below the Lower Secondary strata; while, from the appearance in them of numerous new genera, no class of animals better marks the recognized systems into which fossiliferous rocks are grouped. It is indispensable both to the geologist and biologist to be familiar with the genera, and it is the object of this paper to render the principles on which they are identified more easy and exact.

That genera are practically realities every student knows well; as such the geologist and zoologist have to do with them. And it has elsewhere been shown that between hosts of groups intermediate forms can no more be found, than can intermediate wood fill the space between the forked branches of a bush. Accepting the fact, the question arises,—How may genera be known?