bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artemisinin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by upregulating CASC2/miR-155/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Kong Lingzhen , Zhang Zheng
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To explore the protective effects of artemisinin (Art) against diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the probable mechanism of action.Methods: MIO-M1 cells were treated with high glucose (HG) and Art, and the cells’ proliferative ability was determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. The relative levels of inflammatory factors in the culture medium of MIO-M1 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). while the expression levels of CASC2, miR-155 and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in MIO-M1 cells were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Interaction of Art with the cell target was assessed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The role of the CASC2/miR-155/SIRT1 axis in Art-induced protection against the proliferation and inflammation of MIO-M1 cells was evaluated.Results: HG induced elevated proliferation of MIO-M1 cells and production of inflammatory factors, but these effects were countered by Art treatment (p < 0.05). CASC2 and SIRT1 were upregulated, while miR-155 was downregulated in HG-treated MIO-M1 cells; changes in their expressions remained the same following Art treatment. CASC2/miR-155/SIRT1 axis was responsible for the ameliorative effect of Art on HG-treated MIO-M1 cells.Conclusion: Artemisinin treatment inhibits cell activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HG-induced MIO-M1 cells via CASC2/miR-155/SIRT1 axis. Thus, artemisinin has potentials for development into a therapeutic agent for the management of diabetic retinopathy.
Forsythiaside A inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Li Runqin , Ma Dengfeng , Fu Zhihua , Zheng Xiaoxuan , Li Wenxiu
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of forsythiaside A on heart failure.Methods: An in vitro cell model of myocardial injury was established by incubating H9c2 primary cardiomyocytes with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Expression of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzymelinkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels by ELISA.Results: Incubation with H2O2 increased H9c2 cell apoptosis (p < 0.001). Treatment with forsythiaside A reduced Bax expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression which suppressed apoptosis of H2O2- induced H9c2 cells. Forsythiaside A also attenuated the H2O2-induced increase in TNF-α and IL-6expressions in H9c2 cells (p < 0.001). The H2O2-induced increase in MDA and decrease in SOD and GSH-Px in H9c2 cells were reversed by treatment with forsythiaside A. IκBα protein expression was downregulated, whereas p65 phosphorylation (p-p65), p-IκBα, nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were upregulated in H2O2-induced H9c2 cells. Forsythiaside A increased IκBα, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression and decreased p-p65 and p-IκBα expression in H2O2-induced H9c2 cells.Conclusion: Forsythiaside A exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cells through inactivation of NF-κB pathway and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These results support the potential clinical application of forsythiaside A for the treatment of heart failure.
Language and semantics of expressions for Grafcet model synthesis in a MDE environment
Authors: NZEBOP NDENOKA Gérard , Tchuenté Maurice , Simeu Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

The GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande Étapes Transitions (GRAFCET) is a powerful graphical modeling language for the pecification of controllers in discrete event systems.It uses expressions to express the conditions of transitions and conditional actions as well as the logical and arithmetic expressions assigned to stored actions. However, several research works has focused on the transformation of Grafcet specifications (including expressions) into control code for embedded systems. To make it easier to edit valid Grafcet models and generate code, it is necessary to propose a formalization of the Grafcet expression language permitting to validate its constructs and provide an appropriate semantics. For this, we propose a context-free grammar that generates the whole set of Grafcet expressions, by extending the usual grammars of logical and arithmetic expressions. We also propose a metamodel and an associated semantics of Grafcet expressions to facilitate the implementation of the Grafcet language. A parser of the expressions Grafcet emph G7Expr is then obtained thanks to the generator of parsers ANTLR, while the metamodel is implemented in the Eclipse EMF Model Driven Engineering (MDE) environment. The combination of the two tools makes it possible to analyze and automatically build Grafcet expressions when editing and synthesizing Grafcet models.

Le GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande Étapes Transitions (GRAFCET) est un puissant lan-gage de modélisation graphique pour la spécification de contrôleurs dans des systèmes à événe-ments discrets. Il fait usage des expressions pour exprimer les conditions de franchissement des transitions et des actions conditionnelles ainsi que les expressions logiques et arithmétiques assi-gnées aux actions stockées. Cependant, de nombreux travaux se sont penchés sur la transformation de spécifications Grafcet (y compris les expressions) en code de contrôle pour systèmes embar-qués. Pour faciliter l'édition de modèles Grafcet valides et la génération du code de contrôle, il est judicieux de proposer une formalisation du langage des expressions Grafcet, permettant de valider ses constructions et d'en pourvoir une sémantique appropriée. Pour cela, nous proposons une gram-maire hors-contexte qui génère tout l'ensemble des expressions Grafcet, en étendant les grammaires usuelles des expressions arithmétiques et logiques. Nous proposons également un métamodèle et une sémantique associée des expressions Grafcet pour faciliter la mise en oeuvre du langage Grafcet sous la forme d'un parseur des expressions Grafcet G7Expr obtenu grce au générateur d'analyseurs syntaxiques ANTLR, alors que le métamodèle est mis en oeuvre dans l'environnement d'Ingénie-rie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) Eclipse EMF. L'association des deux outils permet d'analyser et de construire automatiquement les expressions Grafcet lors de l'édition et la synthèse des modèles Grafcet.
Létezik olyan, hogy nőies, férfias és semleges emotikon? : 12 emotikon minősíthetőségének vizsgálata egy kérdőíves attitűdvizsgálat alapján
Authors: Osváth Dorottya
Published: November 2021

This paper is related to research on language use on the Internet and gender linguistics. It briefly describes an online questionnaire attitude survey conducted in November 2020. In this questionnaire, it was examined whether women and men communicate differently in the discourse-type called chat, in the opinions of informants who filled in the questionnaire. This main research question was addressed by the overall research in several different ways. One focal area was the use of emoticons. In the study I present the results of one task from the questionnaire that asked informants to classify twelve emoticons as feminine, masculine, or neutral without any context. Therefore, classification had to be performed based on the way the emoticons were represented. The twelve emoticons were shown to the informants in a picture attached to the task. According to the results some tendencies can be identified in the visual appearance of emoticons which can imply feminine, masculine, or neutral qualification even without context. But these are only general statements whose contextual validity is shaped by certain factors. For instance, the nature of the relationship between two communicating parties can affect what emoticons are used, regardless of the gender of the parties.
Applying the Nominal Group Technique for Specifying the Interacting Dimensions Affecting Adherence to Post–Sharps Injury Follow-Up Services
Authors: Abdul Wahab Abdullah Aliff , Ismail Rosnah , Abu Samah Asnarulkhadi , Inche Zainal Abidin Noor Dalila , Mustaffa Nurul Asyikin , Ismail Halim
Published: November 2021

Scale of adherence to post–sharps injury follow-up services among healthcare workers is uncommon compared to medication adherence scale. To develop a novel and culturally adapted scale, stakeholders should be consulted to specify dimensions by deducing it from the existing framework. This study was to demonstrate how health stakeholders were consulted to specify the dimensions. This study employed two sessions of Nominal Group Technique. Each session consisted of 12 purposive-sampled mixed participants i.e., healthcare managers and providers. A four-step sequential protocol was used for collecting participants’ key ideas on what adherence factors in post–sharps injury follow-up services: silent idea generation, round-robin collection, idea clarification, and ranking. Similar ideas were clustered and coded with an appropriate group theme and categorized it into subdimensions. Results: A total of 116 key ideas, yielding 13 and 10 themes in session 1 and 2, respectively. Those themes were coded into 16 sub-dimensions affecting adherence. They were distributed under five emerged dimensions in decreasing order of relative importance: (a) healthcare team and system-related factors; (b) patient-related factors; (c) therapy-related factors; and (d) condition-related factors. These findings guide researchers in developing culturally adapted items for measuring the level of adherence to post–sharps injury follow-up services.
Ritam pripovedanja i karakteristike složene rečenice u zbirci „Sumnjiva sahrana“
Authors:   University of Kragujevac Faculty of Education in Jagodina, Čutura Ilijana
Published: November 2021

The paper highlights the syntactic characteristics of the sentence and (partially) the organization of the text that contribute to the formation of a spe- cific rhythm of narration in Jovan Radulović’s collection of short stories Sumnjiva sahrana. It is shown that dominant procedures are the following: sequencing co- ordinated (often asyndetic) predicative sentences, amplification and cummulation, and repetition of lexemes, syntagms and modified larger parts of the text.
THE UTILIZATION OF THE FIRST CEMETERY OF ATHENS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: PRIMARY EDUCATION’S STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Lambrou Chrysafia , Manesis Nikolaos
Published: November 2021

The educational use of ancient necropolises is widespread in the western world, examining them in the light of archaeological, historical, artistic and environmental interest. However, western culture does not encourage school visits to modern cemeteries, even though they are historically and artistically important monuments, such as the First Cemetery of Athens. It was founded in the 19th century on the basis of landscape architecture, adopting the aesthetics of Romanticism, as a product of a vision of an upgraded ideology for the realm of the dead and condense a wide field of learning. The educational world expresses strong doubts about the integration of the First Cemetery in the educational process, although it recognizes its multifaceted and multiple educational value. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of students in the 6th grade of Primary School about the Cemetery, to highlight the emotions that were developed and the results of the educational use of the visit to the Cemetery. The group semi-structured interview was used. The results showed the familiarity and the emotional connection that the 6th grade students developed with the First Cemetery, showing their strong desire to visit it again. Thus, the value of using cemeteries in the educational process was highlighted.

 

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SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Akman M. Kubilay
Published: November 2021

Education is a dynamic social process with its two main components: teaching and learning. As a field of study in social sciences education science / pedagogy has a truly interdisciplinary basis. In this article we will discuss socio-psychological aspects of teaching and learning. As human beings we are all social actors: educational managers, teachers, students, parents, etc. All people have their own social responsibilities and tasks in educational activities. When we analyze and understand comprehensively this social reality it will be much more successful to establish effective strategies and apply them in society. Of course, as individuals, social groups and societies we are facing psychological interactions as well. These are very connected to people’s being social actors. This is why it is more proper to take a “socio-psychological” level of analysis for profoundly understanding educational processes. In this scientific discussion we will refer to Marx’s concepts related to education, theories in sociology of education and educational psychology. Our academic purpose is contributing to the progressive literature in education studies as broadening the discussion.

 

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THE ROLE OF IMPULSIVITY IN PREDICTING THE SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF STUDENTS IN PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Sokić Katarina , Qureshi Fayyaz Hussain , Khawaja Sarwar
Published: November 2021

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate associations between attention impulsivity, motor impulsivity and non-planning impulsivity measured according to the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS) and indicators of subjective well-being (SWB) measured by the Flourishing Scale (FS) and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) in students at selected private higher education institutions (N = 514, 52% women, 48% men). The aim of the current study was to explore the impact of gender on the aforementioned associations. Relationships between impulsivity and subjective well-being were examined taking into account the multifactoral structure of impulsiveness. The main findings of the study show that: (a) attention impulsivity predicted low prosperity and low levels of satisfaction with standard of living, health, personal achievements, safety and future security; (b) motor impulsivity showed bivariate but not unique relationships between prosperity and satisfaction with personal health, achievements and personal safety; (c) non-planning impulsivity was found to be uniquely associated with lower subjective prosperity and lower satisfaction with personal achievements and personal relationships; and (d) gender did not moderate the relationship between BIS components and SWB indexes. Impulsivity substrates explained between 4 and 17% of the variance in subjective well-being indexes. In sum, the results showed that the three components of impulsivity are distinct yet partially overlapping. 

 

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THE EFFECT OF USING MENTAL COMPUTATION IN IMPROVING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM - SOLVING ABILITY AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: Al Mashqabah Talal Tayel
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to identify the effect of mental computation in improving the ability of university undergraduates in mathematical problem - solving. To achieve this aim, the quasi - experimental approach was used. Participants were (80) preparatory year students at Najran University in Saudi Arabia who were distributed into two main groups using the simple random sampling. One of these groups (N = 40) was assigned as the experimental group and was taught via the use of mental computation method. The second group (N = 40) was assigned as the control group and studied through the use of traditional methods. Mathematical problem - solving ability pre-test and posttest were applied to both groups. Findings showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to the mathematical problem- solving posttest in favor of the experimental group.

 

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THE INVESTIGATION OF TEACHERS’ VALUES TENDENCIES IN THE PANDEMIC PERIOD / SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERININ PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDEKİ DEĞER EĞİLİMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Yaşaroğlu Cihat
Published: November 2021

Passing through critical periods can have an impact on value systems. Our values can change in extraordinary periods such as pandemics. When the COVID-19 pandemic that affect the world is considered as one of these extraordinary situations, passing through this period may have an impact on value systems. This study was conducted to determine whether there was a change in the values of classroom teachers during the lockdown in the pandemic period. Data were collected from 224 teachers using Schwartz's Value Survey. The results of the findings analyzed descriptively were compared with the research findings collected from teacher groups using the same scale before the pandemic in the literature. Conformity was found to be the most important value in this research. Conformity value was ranked fifth, on average, in other studies. 

 

Kritik dönemlerden geçmek, değer sistemlerini etkileyebilir. Pandemi gibi olağanüstü dönemlerde değerlerimiz değişebiliyor. Dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemisi de bu olağanüstü durumlardan biri olarak değerlendirildiğinde, bu dönemden geçmek değer sistemlerini de etkileyebilir. Bu çalışma, pandemi döneminde karantina döneminde sınıf öğretmenlerinin değerlerinde bir değişiklik olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. 224 öğretmenden Schwartz Değer Anketi kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Betimsel olarak incelenen bulguların sonuçları, literatürde pandemi öncesinde aynı ölçeği kullanarak öğretmen gruplarından toplanan araştırma bulguları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada en önemli değerin “uyma” olduğu görülmüştür. Uyma değeri, diğer çalışmalarda ortalama olarak beşinci sırada yer aldığı görülmüştür.

 

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THE SITUATION OF ENGLISH TEACHERS FOSTERING ACTIVITIES AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KE SACH DISTRICT, SOC TRANG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Mai Lan Yen Thi
Published: November 2021

This article aims to provide scientific, accurate and overall information on the English teachers fostering activities at secondary schools in Ke Sach district, Soc Trang province. Via the sociological survey method and direct interview, this article has informed comprehensively about the status of teachers’ quality and students’ results in learning English, English teachers’ awareness of fostering activities, implementing teaching contents under the teaching and learning foreign languages project, as well as English teachers fostering activity methods, and forms of English teachers fostering activities of educational managers. The results of the study are the basis to improve the quality of teaching and learning foreign languages for students at secondary schools in Ke Sach district, Soc Trang province.

 

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SOCIAL MEDIA AND STUDENTS’ CHOICE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Šola Hedda Martina , Zia Tayyaba
Published: November 2021

Over the past decade, online social networks (OSN) have become ingrained in our daily lives. They have changed the way young people live and become one of the most important means of communication and entertainment. The use of social media by teens and young adults is on the rise. Higher education institutions recognise the value of social media as a tool of communication to provide information to target students and use its platforms to advertise their programmes to prospective students. Students also use Social Media and Facebook to access and analyse information to make informed study decisions. The current study examines how social media in general, and Facebook in particular, influences students' choice of study programme and Higher Education Institute (HEI). Quantitative research methods were employed as being most appropriate for this particular study. A total of 170 students from Oxford Business College (OBC), U.K., participated voluntarily in the survey; sixty-three (63) male and one hundred and seven (107) female students. All students completed a survey questionnaire based on four sections (A, B, C and D) comprising fifteen questions primarily based on the Likert scale. Simple descriptive statistics and SPSS were used to identify and analyse the factors students considered most important (influential) in their (the students’) choice of programme of study and HEI. The most popular social media site was Facebook, followed by Instagram. In regards to influence, Facebook seems to be more influential than other social media sites. It is also obvious that Facebook has been used as a marketing tool by the majority of HEIs. We do not make any claims regarding the generalisability of our study’s findings because of the small sample size and convenience sampling used in the study. However, the results generally support what is already known about the most popular social media site - Facebook - as having a positive influence on students’ choice of programme and Higher Education Institute.

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TOWARDS A CLASSIFICATION OF FAMILY-OWNED CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN GHANA
Authors: Anzagira Che Andrews , Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Badu Edward
Published: November 2021

The Ghanaian construction industry predominated by family-owned construction firms has established its dominant impact on economic development, albeit unstructured. This literature review is to dissect extant literature bringing out the uniqueness of the sector and attempt a classification for family-owned construction firms in Ghana. Anchored in a value-free axiological tradition in which the classification criteria of family-owned construction firms can be obtained by objective means set out in the framework, this study was undertaken by an extensive literature review from journals databases, textbooks, and relevant reports and citations. The review began with searches using “AND” and “OR” operators to search abstracts, titles, and a keyword with no restriction placed on the article's date of publication. Content analysis was done of the articles and with lots of information on family-owned businesses, very few on family-owned construction firms. Existing frameworks on the classification of family-owned businesses formed the basis of this framework. The key findings indicate that small and medium-sized family firms predominate the construction industry. The physiognomies of family-owned construction firms also contribute to their proliferation and overarching importance within the sector. The novelty of this study is that it merges information from the general business and construction industry and carves criteria for which family-owned construction firms can be identified and classified. For academia, the paper contributes to the stream of knowledge on what constitutes family-owned construction firms whilst exposing the lack of research in this constituency. It also serves as the foundation upon which future research can be conducted in the field of family-owned construction firms. For practitioners and policymakers, the paper offers insights into how to identify family-owned construction firms to be able to distinguish them for targeted support to grow the economy. Future research should be targeted at examining the growth and sustainability of family-owned construction firms.

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STUDENT’S CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AWARENESS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS: THE CASE OF SİVAS, TURKEY
Authors: Konca Erkan , Ermiş Egemen , Erilli Necati Alp , Ermiş Aydan
Published: November 2021

Cardiovascular diseases, one of the important health problems of our day, seriously threaten human health. For this reason, it is very important to raise awareness about cardiovascular health from childhood and to develop behaviors accordingly. The aim of this study is to find out cardiovascular health awareness in students between the ages of 7 and 16 during the pandemic. 216 students continuing their education in the city centre of Sivas, Turkey participated in the study. A survey form on socio-demographic characteristics of the students and Children’s Cardiovascular Health Promotion Attitude Scale (CCHPAS) were used in the study. Demographic characteristics were collected online with a 9-question form. KMO value (0.741) was found to be moderate. Bartlett Sphericity test (p=0.00) was found to be significant. The fact that these two values are significant shows that the survey is suitable for factor analysis. 4 factors were determined as a result of factor analysis. These 4 factors explain 60% of the variance. No statistically significant difference was found in both total scale and 4 factors in terms of gender (p>0.05). While no statistically significant difference was found for the first factor in terms of the state of having social media account (p>0.05), significant difference was found for the other factors and total scale score (p<0.05). It was also examined whether there were differences between factors and total scale score in terms of age groups, and while no statistically significant difference was found in terms of Factor 1, Factor 2 and Factor 4 (p>0.05), difference was found in terms of Factor 3 and total scale scores (p<0.05). As a result of the study, it was found that the participants had good level of awareness about cardiovascular health.

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EVALUATION OF NUTRITION AND HEALTH RELATED NUTRITIOUS INTAKE KNOWLEDGE AMONG ATHLETES’ TRAINERS
Authors: Boumaeza Ahmed , Ruhaet Ali , Abdulqader Hassan , Tarhuni Abdelmetalab F. , Danna Isam , Sheikhi Abdulla , Elmabsout Ali Ateia
Published: November 2021

Background: Individuals who have valuable knowledge on how the importance of adequate and balanced diet and this knowledge will on their behaviors which eventually considered to be more successful in sports life. The present study aims to evaluate the nutrition and nutrients imbalance related to the health knowledge among trainers’ athletes. Methods: The study sample consists of 203 voluntary trainers from the sport clubs and gyms. Modified questionnaire was used in the study and Chi-square and Pearson correlation test was used. Results: Athletes related fields were determined to have the lack of knowledge on nutrition and also nutrients deficit related to ill-health questions. It was more likely the trainers know some aspects of foods and nutrients such as role and sources of some foods, but the overall score showed 40-50% for nutritional knowledge questions. Furthermore, questions related to ill-health showed poor score (< 40%). There was no gender difference in related nutrition knowledge questions and also questions for nutrient and ill-health. However, significant differences were found between education levels in which positive correlation R= 0.2 (P<0.05) between question for nutrition knowledge, nutrient related to health outcomes and high levels of education. Conclusion: The athlete’s trainers have regular nutrition knowledge and poor health related nutrients disorders knowledge. While gender differences did not influence neither nutrition knowledge nor health related nutrients deficient questions, the education levels found to have significant impact on both nutrition knowledge and health related nutrients deficient. Furthermore, dietitians with an expertise in athletes’ nutrition are qualified professionals who should be the primary source for obtaining diet information and subsequently monitoring.

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ARMED BANDITRY AND BORDER MONITORING: CHALLENGES FOR NIGERIA’S SECURITY, PEACE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Udosen Nsikak Mathias , Uwak Uko
Published: November 2021

The greatest challenge facing Nigeria today is international terrorism that is aided by religious extremism, porosity of borderline and cross-border security challenges and crime. Indeed, the existence of porous borders and cross-border and frontier activities in Nigeria has aided crimes and security challenges across Nigerian borders for long without any specific solutions. This paper examines the security challenges and the socio-economic effects of insurgency and armed banditry in Nigeria. The country as a nation state is under a severe internal socio economic and security threat. At a more general level, the threat has social, economic, political and environmental dimensions. Each of these dimensions has greatly affected the nation’s stability, and can be traced to the ethnic militia armies, ethnic and religious conflicts, poverty, terrorism, armed robbery, corruption, economic sabotage and environmental degradation. The efforts of the government to eradicate insurgency, banditry and corruption have been slow and costly in terms of public funds spent, lives and properties lost. This has made the citizenry to question, the efficiency of the menace. Using frustration-aggression theory, the paper then revealed that the major criminal activities in Nigeria borders are smuggling of contraband goods and illegal immigrants, trafficking in weapons and human parts, drug trafficking, vehicle crime, trafficking of illegally exploited natural resources, including the illicit trade in timber, oil and diamond among others. This growth and flourishing entry without proper check or monitoring, has brought about insurgency, armed banditry, kidnapping and corruption, etc. which has become a problem of security as a result of these borderless-borders in Nigeria, with armed banditry becoming one of the most intractable challenges facing the country today. There are many speculations that the groups may have found their way through our porous borders. Therefore, the study probes into the nature of Nigeria borders using Historical/descriptive method of research and analysis in Armed Banditry and Border Monitoring: Challenges for Nigeria’s Security, Peace and Sustainable Development. The study data were collected through documentation of secondary sources, including review of related literature journals and write-ups even as it built on the findings of already existing works about emerging security threats in Nigeria. The study is concluded by recommending among others that the country should evolve a sustainable social security system which will discourage public office holders from engaging in corruption, with good information sharing techniques providing gainful employment opportunities for the citizenry, etc.

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SOCIAL INCLUSION OF CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITHAUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN INDIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Samnani Malvika , Shahi Sujata , Samnani Manish , Nanda Kanika , Srivastava Mansi , Singh Pooja
Published: November 2021

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by insufficiency in social communication and social interaction skills and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. The aim of this research was to analyze empirical studies on inclusion of children with Autism in India over the past 20 years and then propose recommendations for future research. A systematic process was used to conduct the review which included identifying the data source, assessing the quality of our studies, and drawing analysis of our findings. The result included different stakeholder’s perspectives which were parents and teachers. 

 

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DECISION-MAKING PROCESS OF NEWS PRODUCTION IN THE CONGOLESE NATIONAL RADIO AND TELEVISION
Authors: Gibemba Mbuku Josephine
Published: November 2021

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo as in several African countries, the news are made by several national media institutions. From the collection stage to the diffusion of news, several stages of decision-making are requested. The objective of this study is to analyse the decision-making process in the news production, its stages, the departments involved and the factors influencing the decision-making stages of news between collection, processing, selection, dissemination and evaluation of news. To achieve the objective and to verify the assumptions, the study adopted the mixed methodology combining the collection of qualitative and quantitative data in the continuous or simultaneous approach to presentation of results. A literature search allowed for the design of the theoretical model and a semi-structured interview survey was conducted to collect relevant data in a non-probabilistic, occasional or intentional sample consisting of 26 journalists of the Congolese national radio-television. The activities of collection, processing, selection, diffusion as well as evaluation and monitoring of news are the stages of the news production. These steps can be grouped into three: design and elaboration of news, publications of news and feedback. And several actors are involved.

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As necessidades dos pacientes com artrite psoriática e psoríase na região pan-americana
Authors: Fajardo Estefania
Published: November 2021

A PANLAR compilou as opiniões e recomendações de pacientes especialistas e reumatologistas sobre as necessidades não atendidas daqueles com diagnóstico de doença psoriásica e as refletiu em um documento de posicionamento.
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARANGAN DESKRIPSI PADA SISWA KELAS IV DI SD NEGERI PASIRGADUNG 1 KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Novita Chandra Siti , Enawar Enawar , Sari Ramdhani Intan , Sumiyani Sumiyani
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelas IV di SD Negeri Pasirgadung 1 Kabupaten Tangerang, yang didasari permasalahan bahwa siswa masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis dengan ejaan dalam tanda baca yang sesuai Pedoman Umum ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (PUEBI), mengembangkan ide, mengepresikan ide, pikiran, perasaan, dan imajinasi yang mereka tuangkan dalam menulis karangan deskripsi. Selain itu kosa kata yang dimiliki siswa membuat siswa merasa tidak percaya diri untuk membuat sebuah tulisan yang mereka inginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan menulis karangan deskripsi pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Pasir gadung 1 Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode peneliti deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas keterampilan siswa ini yaitu dengan lembar test untuk siswa, wawancara oleh guru dan dokumentasi. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kesalahan penulisan huruf kapital siswa masih banyak di temukan dengan jumlah 44 kesalahan yang terdiri dari kesalahan di awal kalimat 14%, kata ganti nama orang 5%, nama bulan & hari 2%, geografis 79%. Jenis kesalahan yang banyak dilakukan siswa yaitu, pada bagian huruf kapital pertama nama geografis. Penulisan tanda baca titik, koma, dan hubung memiliki aturan penggunaan di dalam PUEBI, guna menghindari kebermaknaan arti dari sebuah kalimat. Jenis kesalahan tanda baca pada tulisan siswa di temukan dengan total 36 kesalahan. Yaitu dengan rincian kesalahan tanda baca titik 47%, koma 42%, dan tanda penghubung 11%. Kesalahan penulisan kata depan siswa ditemukan dengan jumlah 3 kesalahan yang terdiri dari kesalahan penulisan kata di 67%, dan penulisan kata ke 33%. Dan terdapat kesalahan pada penulisan diksi dengan jumlah 10% kesalahan.
Energy Transfer Between Yb3+- Mn2+ in Zn(Po3 ) 2 Glasses Giving Green, Red and Infrared Light
Authors:   Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510 CDMX, México, J C Flores , A J Hernández ,   Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510 CDMX, México, G E Camarillo ,   Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510 CDMX, México, N D Acosta ,   Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510 CDMX, México, Mariscal-Becerra L ,   Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S / N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CDMX 0451, México, T Salvador Carmona ,   CONACYT-Benemérita Universidad Autóonoma de Puebla. Posgrado en Física Aplicada. Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matematicas, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla, Pue., 72570, Mexico, Speghini A ,   Nanomaterials Research Group. Department of Biotechnology. University of Verona and INSTM, Ru Verona, strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, Italy, Bettinelli M ,   Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, and INSTM, UdR Verona, Ca’ Vignal, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy, Falcony Ciro ,   Departamento de Física del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CP. 07360 CDMX, México, S H Murrieta ,   Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510 CDMX, México
Published: November 2021

The Yb3+-Mn2+codoped zinc metaphosphate glass gives rise to several processes such as upconversion, downshifting and double ion absorptions producing light from the visible to the IR wavelengths. These processes are possible since the Mn2+ and the Yb3+ ions replaces the Zn2+ ion in nanoparticles of the α phase of the compound Zn(PO3)2. An important result is that the α structure presence allows the formation of Yb3+-Mn2+ dimers, that gives rise to a superexchange coupling that allows an upconversion process from the IR to the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The experimental results also show that these dimers can couple to produce Yb3+ ion pairs that led to a cooperative emission in the green, around 500nm, coupling also the Mn2+ ions that in turn allows to produce a double absorption of this ions in the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum and as well a downshifting process conducting to the Yb3+ emission in the infrared. If the manganese ion concentration is higher than 10% most of these effects are masked. All these results make the material an effective option for different applications, due to the large wavelength variety that can be selected for excitation or emission
Evaluation of Sludge Properties in Sewage Sludge from Guarchia Wastewater Treatment Plant in Benghazi-Libya
Authors:   Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, University of Benghazi, Libya, Azzouz Abd-Alsalam H , Naas Nuha A ,   Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, University of Benghazi, Libya, Darwish Khalid M ,   Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, University of Benghazi, Libya
Published: November 2021

Raw sewage sludge samples collected from Guarchia wastewater treatment plant at Benghazi city have undergone complete evaluation of organic composition parameters including pH, Total Volatile Solid (TVS), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Organic Matter (TOM) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Also, evaluation of some trace metals such as Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb have been performed. Monthly and spatial variations in sludge properties have been described
Electron Impact Ionization Mass Spectra of 3-Amino 6-Chloro2-methyl Quinazolin-4-(3H)-one Derivative
Authors:   Department of Chemical Sciences, Ondo State University of Sciences and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria, Osarodion Osarumwense Peter , Ejodamen Omotade Treasure ,   Department of Chemical Sciences, Ondo State University of Sciences and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: November 2021

Looking at the previous studies on quinazolinones derivatives, only limited information’s are available on their mass spectral along with the preparation of novel quinazolin-4-(3H)-one derivatives The condensation of Methyl-2-amino-4-Chlorobenzoate with acetic anhydride yielded the cyclic compound 2-methyl 7-Chloro-1, 3-benzo-oxazine-4-one (1) which further produce 3-Amino-2-Methyl 7-Chloro quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (2) via the reaction with hydrazine hydrate. The compounds synthesized were unequivocally confirmed by means of Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C), Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrophotometry and Elemental analysis. Discussion: The molecular ion of m/z 235 fragments to give m/z 220 by loss of –NH group. The ion of m/z 220 was broken to give m/z 206 by losing CH2 group and fragment to m/z 177 by loss of HCO. This fragmented to m/z 162 by loss of –CH3 group and then m/z 136 by loss of CN group. The loss of O gave m/z 120 which fragment to give m/z 93 by loss of –HCN and finally gave m/z 65 by loss of CO group. Conclusion: The electron impact ionization mass spectra of compound 2show a weak molecular ion peak and a base peak of m/z 235resulting from a cleavage fragmentation. Compound 2 give a characteristic fragmentation pattern. From the study of the mass spectra of compound 2, it was found that the molecular ion had fragmented to the m/z 220. The final fragmentation led to ion of m/z 93 and ion of mass m/z 65, respectively
Influence of Longitudinal Scratch Defects on the Bendability of Titanium Alloy
Authors:   Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom, Kwame JS , Yakushina E ,   Advanced Forming Research Centre (AFRC), University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom, Blackwell P ,   Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom & Advanced Forming Research Centre (AFRC), University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom
Published: November 2021

Post-manufacturing induced defects in the form of scratches are sometimes inadvertently introduced onto sheet metal surfaces during either transportation, storage or handling. However, limited research has been previously carried out to establish the impact of such surface defects on sheet formability. Test trial results after press brake forming of Ti-3Al-2.5V showed that for longitudinal scratches oriented along the sheet rolling direction, scratch profiles with depth in the ranges of -1μm to -18μm and pile up height between 1μm to 16μm can be successfully formed; hence could be deemed acceptable during the sheet selection process. Failure of the coupons during the press brake forming trials was due to the impact of the scratch defects in their role as stress raisers and occurred primarily at the longitudinal scratch defect zones
Virtual Learning in Radiology during COVID-19 PandemicOpportunity or Challenge?
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Raza Rabail , Siddiqui Kashif ,   Department of Radiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre
Published: November 2021

“Every challenge you face today makes you stronger tomorrow. The challenge of life is intended to make you better, not bitter.” ― Roy T. Bennett, the Light in the Heart Every crisis brings deep challenges and opportunities for transformation which ultimately leads to better future. The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 as a pandemic that has posed a contemporary threat to humanity, forcing global shutdown of several activities, including educational activities, which resulted in tremendous crisis-response migration of institutions with online learning serving as the educational platform
Efficacy of Alpha Blockers in Relieving Symptoms of JJ Stent
Authors:   Consultant Urologist, KRL Hospital, Mansoor Hassan , Bangash Kashif Bangash ,   Assistant Professor of Urology, KRL Hospital, Majeed Syed Muhammad Kamran ,   Professor of Urology, KRL Hospital, Mumtaz Hassan ,   House Surgeon, KRL Hospital, Ilahi Irfan ,   Professor of Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Ahmad Shahzaib ,   Medical Student, King Edward Medical University Lahore
Published: November 2021

Introduction: JJ stenting has been routinely used in endourology with a wide variety of implications. These stents have beneficial effects in postoperative period improving surgical outcome. Though they are widely used in urology practice, JJ stents cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in majority of patients. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alpha blockers reduce lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after rigid ureterorenoscopy in postoperative time period up to 3 weeks. Study Design: It was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Setting: The study was conducted in KRL hospital, Islamabad. Patients presenting in outpatient / emergency department were selected for the study. Duration of Study: Six months (15th July 2016 to 15th Jan’ 2017) Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted in total 100 patients undergoing rigid ureterorenoscopy (URS). Patients were randomized into an intervention Group A and Control Group B. In Group A tamsulosin 0.4mg was given after rigid ureterorenoscopy, while in Group B no tamsulosin was given except placebo. Primary outcome were lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which were measured by international prostate symptoms score (IPSS) up to 3 weeks postoperatively. Results: The mean IPSS at 3rd week in postoperative phase of rigid URS for Group A was 4.76± 4.14315 and in Group B was 27.28 ± 5.03879 with the P value of 0.0001 which was statistically significant and also less than 0.05. So IPSS was statistically lower in Group A as compared to Group B up to 3 weeks post operatively. In conclusion, a significant statistical difference was found for Double J (DJ) stent related symptoms between the two groups. Conclusion: Alpha blockers reduce lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in postoperative period of rigid ureterorenoscopy up to 3 weeks.
Cervicofacial Herpes Zoster Complicating Ganglion-Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature: A Case Report
Authors:   Resident physician in otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, GLITI Mohamed Ali , Boudinar Houda ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Nitassi Sophia ,   Professor of otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Razika Bencheikh ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Anas Benbouzid Mohamed ,   Professor of otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Oujilal Abdelilah ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco, Houssyni Leila Essakalli ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Published: November 2021

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease; it has a variable degree of presentation, most often pulmonary while the extrapulmonary location is dominated by lymph node involvement, especially cervical. On the other hand, herpes zoster results from the reactivation of the virus that causes varicella. Here, we report the case of cervicofacial herpes zoster complicating ganglion-pulmonary tuberculosis in a 19-year-old female patient with a history of varicella during childhood, who presents bilateral lymphadenopathy, the diagnosis of pulmonary and lymph node tuberculosis is confirmed by histology, she has treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs and the evolution was marked by the presence of lymphadenopathy and the appearance of cervicofacial herpes zoster
Membangun Awareness Muslim Milenial Terhadap Donasi Berkelanjutan Melalui CWLS
Authors: Khoirun Nisa Fatimah , Titian Purbasari Lintang
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan awareness mengenai cara baru berdonasi yang lebih cerdas dan berkelanjutan kepada generasi milenial melalui Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS). Pendekatan studi literatur digunakan dalam makalah ini. Mengulas berbagai fakta yang menciptakan peluang pengembangan CWLS di Indonesia dan teori dari penelitian terdahulu mengenai pentingnya tahapan awareness dalam proses pengadopsian produk baru. Kritikan juga disampaikan dalam makalah ini mengenai kurangnya sosialisasi mengenai CWLS, mengingat begitu besarnya dampak pembangunan yang dihasilkan jika instrumen CWLS mendapatkan perhatian yang besar dari masyarakat khususnya investor. Pemanfaatan media sosial dan influencer disarankan dalam makalah ini sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran generasi milenial tentang seberapa besar manfaat dari produk CWLS yang nantinya dapat meningkatkan jumlah investor dari kalangan milenial