bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based histopathological segmentation for whole slide images of colorectal cancer in a compressed domain
Authors: Kim Hyeongsub , Yoon Hongjoon , Thakur Nishant , Hwang Gyoyeon , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Chulhong , Chong Yosep
Published: November 2021

Automatic pattern recognition using deep learning techniques has become increasingly important. Unfortunately, due to limited system memory, general preprocessing methods for high-resolution images in the spatial domain can lose important data information such as high-frequency information and the region of interest. To overcome these limitations, we propose an image segmentation approach in the compressed domain based on principal component analysis (PCA) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). After inference for each tile using neural networks, a whole prediction image was reconstructed by wavelet weighted ensemble (WWE) based on inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT). The training and validation were performed using 351 colorectal biopsy specimens, which were pathologically confirmed by two pathologists. For 39 test datasets, the average Dice score, the pixel accuracy, and the Jaccard score were 0.804 ± 0.125, 0.957 ± 0.025, and 0.690 ± 0.174, respectively. We can train the networks for the high-resolution image with the large region of interest compared to the result in the low-resolution and the small region of interest in the spatial domain. The average Dice score, pixel accuracy, and Jaccard score are significantly increased by 2.7%, 0.9%, and 2.7%, respectively. We believe that our approach has great potential for accurate diagnosis.
Diverse phylogenetic neighborhoods enhance community resistance to drought in experimental assemblages
Authors: Chaves Rocío , Ferrandis Pablo , Escudero Adrián , Luzuriaga Arantzazu L.
Published: November 2021

Although the role played by phylogeny in the assembly of plant communities remains as a priority to complete the theory of species coexistence, experimental evidence is lacking. It is still unclear to what extent phylogenetic diversity is a driver or a consequence of species assembly processes. We experimentally explored how phylogenetic diversity can drive the community level responses to drought conditions in annual plant communities. We manipulated the initial phylogenetic diversity of the assemblages and the water availability in a common garden experiment with two irrigation treatments: average natural rainfall and drought, formed with annual plant species of gypsum ecosystems of Central Spain. We recorded plant survival and the numbers of flowering and fruiting plants per species in each assemblage. GLMMs were performed for the proportion of surviving, flowering, fruiting plants per species and for total proportion of surviving species and plants per pot. In water limited conditions, high phylogenetic diversity favored species coexistence over time with higher plant survival and more flowering and fruiting plants per species and more species and plants surviving per pot. Our results agree with the existence of niche complementarity and the convergence of water economy strategies as major mechanisms for promoting species coexistence in plant assemblages in semiarid Mediterranean habitats. Our findings point to high phylogenetic diversity among neighboring plants as a plausible feature underpinning the coexistence of species, because the success of each species in terms of surviving and producing offspring in drought conditions was greater when the initial phylogenetic diversity was higher. Our study is a step forward to understand how phylogenetic relatedness is connected to the mechanisms determining the maintenance of biodiversity.
Comparison of two strategies for managing in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Haschemi Jafer , Erkens Ralf , Orzech Robert , Haurand Jean Marc , Jung Christian , Kelm Malte , Westenfeld Ralf , Horn Patrick
Published: November 2021

In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is associated with poor outcomes. There are currently no standards for cardiac arrest teams in terms of member composition and task allocation. Here we aimed to compare two different cardiac arrest team concepts to cover IHCA management in terms of survival and neurological outcomes. This prospective study enrolled 412 patients with IHCA from general medical wards. From May 2014 to April 2016, 228 patients were directly transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for ongoing resuscitation. In the ICU, resuscitation was extended to advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) (Load-and-Go [LaG] group). By May 2016, a dedicated cardiac arrest team provided by the ICU provided ACLS in the ward. After return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the patients (n = 184) were transferred to the ICU (Stay-and-Treat [SaT] group). Overall, baseline characteristics, aetiologies, and characteristics of cardiac arrest were similar between groups. The time to endotracheal intubation was longer in the LaG group than in the SaT group (6 [5, 8] min versus 4 [2, 5] min, p = 0.001). In the LaG group, 96% of the patients were transferred to the ICU regardless of ROSC achievement. In the SaT group, 83% of patients were transferred to the ICU (p = 0.001). Survival to discharge did not differ between the LaG (33%) and the SaT (35%) groups (p = 0.758). Ultimately, 22% of patients in the LaG group versus 21% in the SaT group were discharged with good neurological outcomes (p = 0.857). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the cardiac arrest team concepts for the management of IHCA did not differ in terms of survival and neurological outcomes. However, a dedicated (intensive care) cardiac arrest team could take some load off the ICU.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK) genes in Triticum aestivum in response to abiotic stress
Authors: Mishra Shefali , Sharma Pradeep , Singh Rajender , Tiwari Ratan , Singh Gyanendra Pratap
Published: November 2021

The SnRK gene family is a key regulator that plays an important role in plant stress response by phosphorylating the target protein to regulate subsequent signaling pathways. This study was aimed to perform a genome-wide analysis of theSnRKgene family in wheat and the expression profiling of SnRKs in response to abiotic stresses. An in silico analysis identified 174SnRKgenes, which were then categorized into three subgroups (SnRK1/2/3) on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and domain types. The gene intron–exon structure and protein-motif composition ofSnRKswere similar within each subgroup but different amongst the groups. Gene duplication and synteny between the wheat andArabidopsisgenomes was also investigated in order to get insight into the evolutionary aspects of the TaSnRK family genes. The result ofcis-acting element analysis showed that there were abundant stress- and hormone-relatedcis-elements in the promoter regions of 129SnRKgenes. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR data revealed that heat, salt and drought treatments enhanced TaSnRK2.11 expression, suggesting that it might be a candidate gene for abiotic stress tolerance. We also identified eight microRNAs targeting 16TaSnRKgenes which are playing important role across abiotic stresses and regulation in different pathways. These findings will aid in the functional characterization of TaSnRK genes for further research.
Challenges in Designing and Operation of a Bioreactor for Treatment of Wastewater
Authors: Anand Shreya , Mukherjee Koel , Padmanabhan Padmini
Published: November 2021

Industrial development across the globe has resulted in the contamination of groundwater, soils, and surface water with hazardous wastes and chemicals. It has become one of the key problems that needs to be resolved through globally approved research. The availability of pure and clean water to sustain human needs is considered one of the biggest challenges of this century. An enormous amount of resources, energy and capital is being disbursed worldwide for the treatment of enormous amounts of wastewater. Therefore, cost-effective treatments are needed for sustainable remediation of wastewater using a natural approach. Bioremediation is one biological approach that makes use of membrane bioreactors to satisfy the immediate environmental needs. Designing a bioreactor in which biological reactions can take place is one of the major challenges. The current chapter highlights the foremost challenges involved in designing and operating a bioreactor for wastewater treatment.
Investigation and Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactors: An Innovative Approach
Authors: Agrawal Komal , Verma Pradeep
Published: November 2021

The membrane bioreactor system due to its advantages such as improved effluent quality, disinfection, better nitrification, smaller footprint and production of sludge has paved its way in the treatment of wastewater over conventional purification methods. This technology has been effective in removing organic, inorganic and microorganisms from both municipal and certain industrial wastewater systems. In the membrane bioreactor system, the membrane system allows physical separation whereas the bioreactor enables the biodegradation of the pollutant. There are various types of bioreactors, such as the plug-flow reactor, sequencing batch reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket etc. Various parameters such as hydrodynamic conditions, biomass concentration, pH and temperature affect the pollutant removal potential of the bioreactor. Thus, the present chapter deals with process description and configuration, the effect of MBRs on microorganisms, the quality of water after treatment along with the cost associated with MBR technology. The limitations, advantages and technological advances are also elaborated in the chapter.
In situ EPR spectroscopy of a bacterial membrane transporter using an expanded genetic code
Authors: Kugele Anandi , Ketter Sophie , Silkenath Bjarne , Wittmann Valentin , Joseph Benesh , Drescher Malte
Published: November 2021

The membrane transporter BtuB is site-directedly spin labelled on the surface of living bacteria via Diels–Alder click chemistry.
Enantioselective sensing of insect pheromones in water
Authors: Hickey Briana L. , Chen Junyi , Zou Yunfan , Gill Adam D. , Zhong Wenwan , Millar Jocelyn G. , Hooley Richard J.
Published: November 2021

A host–guest fluorescence sensor array can stereoselectively detect insect pheromones in aqueous solution.
Exploration of chromophores for a VCD couplet in a spectrally transparent infrared region for biomolecules
Authors: Taniguchi Tohru , Zubir Mohamad Zarif Mohd , Harada Nobuyuki , Monde Kenji
Published: November 2021

Introduction of chromophores in the 2300–2000 cm−1 region such as nitrile and azido groups yields strong VCD signals whose shapes are indicative of molecular structures, as studied by experimental work and theoretical calculations.
Bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts derived from the coordination of adenosine monophosphate to Sn(iv) for effective conversion of sucrose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Jiao Lutong , Meng Han , Ji Peijun
Published: November 2021

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) with multiple functional groups was used for the synthesis of Sn-AMPs. The Sn-AMPs have both Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites. The Sn-AMPs demonstrated a superior capability for catalyzing sugars into HMF.
Atomic layer deposition of ternary ruthenates by combining metalorganic precursors with RuO4 as the co-reactant
Authors: Minjauw Matthias M. , Feng Ji-Yu , Sajavaara Timo , Detavernier Christophe , Dendooven Jolien
Published: November 2021

ALD of aluminum ruthenate and platinum ruthenate are achieved by combining a metalorganic precursor with RuO4 as oxidizing agent and Ru source.
Combined ionic liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide based dynamic extraction of six cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Kornpointner Christoph , Sainz Martinez Aitor , Schnürch Michael , Halbwirth Heidi , Bica-Schröder Katharina
Published: November 2021

A newly developed ionic liquid (IL) based supercritical CO2 extraction technique allows the solvent-free acquisition of cannabinoids from industrial hemp.
Development of a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-analytical techniques and vibrational micro-spectroscopy methods to unveil the causes and mechanism of darkening of “fake-gilded” decorations in a Cimabue painting
Authors: Monico Letizia , Prati Silvia , Sciutto Giorgia , Catelli Emilio , Romani Aldo , Balbas Diego Quintero , Li Zelan , De Meyer Steven , Nuyts Gert , Janssens Koen , Cotte Marine , Garrevoet Jan , Falkenberg Gerald , Tardillo Suarez Vanessa Isabel , Tucoulou Remi , Mazzeo Rocco
Published: November 2021

Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-analytical techniques and vibrational micro-spectroscopy methods were used to establish the factors and mechanism of darkening of “fake-gilded” decorations in theMaestàby Cimabue and aged paint mock-ups.
Fabrication of sharp-edged 3D microparticles via folded PDMS microfluidic channels
Authors: Zhou Chenchen , Liang Shuaishuai , Li Yongjian , Chen Haosheng , Li Jiang
Published: November 2021

3D microparticles have promising applications in self-assembly, biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering, etc.
Hierarchical MXene/transition metal chalcogenide heterostructures for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Jin Jun , Xiao Tuo , Zhang You-fang , Zheng Han , Wang Huanwen , Wang Rui , Gong Yansheng , He Beibei , Liu Xianhu , Zhou Kun
Published: November 2021

This review highlights the synthesis strategy, surface/heterointerface engineering, and potential applications of the hierarchical MXene/TMC heterostructures.
The applications of catalytic asymmetric halocyclization in natural product synthesis
Authors: Yan Jiahang , Zhou Zhiqiang , He Qiaoqiao , Chen Guzhou , Wei Hongbo , Xie Weiqing
Published: November 2021

Catalytic asymmetric halocyclization of olefinic substrate has evolved rapidly and been well utilized as a practical strategy for constructing enantioenriched cyclic skeletons in natural product synthesis.
Preparation of π-extended fullerene derivatives through addition of phenylenediamine to open-cage fullerene derivatives
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Liu Zhen , Gao Rui , Su Jie , Qiu Yi , Gan Liangbing
Published: November 2021

Open-cage fullerenes with a quinoxaline moiety on the rim of the orifice showed evident π-system extension effect on the NMR and UV-Vis spectra.
Identifying the specific-targeted marine cerebrosides against SARS-CoV-2: an integrated computational approach
Authors: Zahran Eman Maher , Sayed Ahmed M. , Abdelwahab Miada F. , Albohy Amgad , Abdulrazik Basma S. , Ibrahim Ayman M. , Bringmann Gerhard , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: November 2021

Cerebrosides are a group of metabolites belonging to the glycosphingolipids class of natural products.
Effect of DNA modifications on the transition between canonical and non-canonical DNA structures in CpG islands during senescence
Authors: Matsumoto Saki , Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Ohyama Tatsuya , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: November 2021

The modification of DNA can regulate the transition between a duplex and quadruplexes during senescence responding to surrounding environments.
Efficient purification of wastewater by applying mechanical force and BaCO3/TiO2 and BaTiO3/TiO2 piezocatalysts
Authors: Amiri Omid , Ahmed Haval Aziz , Abdan Abdulla Ahmed , Mahmood Peshawa H. , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: November 2021

In typical advanced oxidation catalysis, a semiconductor should have a robust capacity to generate separated electron–hole pairs on a material's surface under irradiation of photons with energy more than the material's bandgap.
Programmable photoresponsive materials based on a single molecule via distinct topochemical reactions
Authors: Wei Xiao , Li Bao , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhong Ronglin , Wang Yufei , Chen Yanan , Ding Zeyang , Men Guangwen , Yang Zairan , Zhang Houyu , Yang Bing , Xu Weiqing , Jiang Shimei
Published: November 2021

Two crystals with different hierarchical architectures are observed based on a single molecule, achieving different types of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. Finally, controllable photoactuators and light-writable materials are successfully fabricated.
How to exploit different endocytosis pathways to allow selective delivery of anticancer drugs to cancer cells over healthy cells
Authors: Cong Vu Thanh , Tilley Richard D. , Sharbeen George , Phillips Phoebe A. , Gaus Katharina , Gooding J. Justin
Published: November 2021

It was recently shown that it is possible to exploit the nanoparticle shape to selectively target endocytosis pathways found in cancer and not healthy cells.
A self-assembled hierarchical structure to keep the 3D crystal dimensionality inn-butylammonium cation-capped Pb–Sn perovskites
Authors: Lee Seojun , Ryu Jun , Park Seong Soo , Yoon Saemon , Lee Dong-Gun , Moon Janghyuk , Kim Yu Jin , Kang Dong-Won
Published: November 2021

The self-assembled 3D hierarchical structure with an-BA organic capping layer in the Pb–Sn perovskite framework provides the dual advantages of the stability and efficient charge carrier movement, resulting in boosting device performance.
Oxygen redox chemistry in P2-Na0.6Li0.11Fe0.27Mn0.62O2 cathode for high-energy Na-ion batteries
Authors: Cao Ming-Hui , Li Ren-Yan , Lin Shi-Ya , Zheng Shao-Di , Ma Lu , Tan Sha , Hu Enyuan , Shadike Zulipiya , Yang Xiao-Qing , Fu Zheng-Wen
Published: November 2021

A new strategy of introducing Li+ significantly improved the energy density and structural stability of the layered cathode material P2-Na0.6Li0.11Fe0.27Mn0.62O2.
A programmable bilayer hydrogel actuator based on the asymmetric distribution of crystalline regions
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Cheng Yue , Zhang Jianfeng , Hou Yarui , Xu Xiaojuan , Liu Qingye
Published: November 2021

By controlling the asymmetric distribution of crystalline regions across the bilayers, the fabricated chitosan/PVA bilayer actuators with an anisotropic swelling behavior and ideal mechanical strength can perform various 3D shape transformations upon exposure to a low pH stimulus.
Semitransparent organic solar cells: from molecular design to structure–performance relationships
Authors: Khandelwal Kanupriya , Biswas Subhayan , Mishra Amaresh , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: November 2021

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have potential for the next generation of power windows, buildings and green house because of their transparency, color tunability, aesthetics, and diverse functionalities with reduced cost.
Vapor-induced marangoni coating for organic functional films
Authors: Liu Zhaoxin , Li Zheng , Cai Zheren , Qiao Yali , Yang Yongrui , Chen Shengnan , Ma Xiaoying , Li Huizeng , Meng Qing , Zhang Fengjiao , Song Yanlin
Published: November 2021

The vapor-induced coating is an intrinsically contactless and spontaneous meniscus-guided method, which enables uniform shear stress and mass transfer in the liquid meniscus and thus facilitates fabrication of organic functional films.
Stability analysis of 2‐D discrete and continuous state‐space systems
Authors: Kanellakis Apostolos , Tawfik Ayman , Agathoklis Panajotis
Published: November 2021

This paper presents new stability conditions for two‐dimensional (2‐D) systems in state‐space description. Both discrete and continuous systems are studied. These results are based on the criteria first presented by Huang, De Carlo, Strintzis, Murray, Delsarte, et al. and on the discrete Lyapunov equation with complex elements for 2‐D systems. The stability properties of the Mansour matrix are also used for stability testing in state‐space. Criteria for the VSHP property of 2‐D polynomials are further presented using the continuous Lyapunov equation with complex elements and the stability properties of the Schwarz matrix form. The stability properties of the Schwarz matrix are also used for testing the VSHP property of 2‐D polynomials in state‐space. The proposed new criteria are non‐conservative for the stability analysis of 2‐D discrete and continuous systems and achieve the aim of reducing the original 2‐D problem as much as possible to a set of 1‐D stability tests. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposed conditions.
A fast charging of Li‐ion battery based on Lyapunov function for electrical vehicle
Authors: Vazini Hossein , Asadi Mehdi , Karimadini Mohammad , Hajisadeghian Hossein
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on design of a control system for full bridge DC‐DC converter based on Lyapunov stability theorem which guarantees system stability. To achieve this goal, a full bridge DC‐DC converter is used as a Li‐ion battery charger and sinusoidal ripple current (SRC) is implemented as the charging algorithm. In initial step, state space equation of the system including DC‐DC converter and battery are obtained. After that, switching function is extracted by applying Lyapunov stability theorem to state space equation. Also in order to achieve unity power factor and allowable current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) range based on standards, an Active Front End (AFE) PWM Rectifier is used. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed controller scheme, a laboratory prototype is implemented. Experimental result shows appropriate performance of proposed controller in tracking of reference values in comparison with fixed PI controller. In addition, results of AFE rectifier performance is evaluated by showing the unity power factor and low THD value.
Statistical modelling of rate gyros based on fully overlapping Allan variance
Authors: Ri Yong Gil , Sin Chol Myong , Kang Jun Gol
Published: November 2021

Angular random walk and rate random walk are two dominant random noise components which are inherent in almost gyroscopes. Therefore, modelling these noise components accurately is very important. Here, a modified algorithm is proposed for estimating the two random noise components accurately. Up to now, the statistical modelling of the two random noise components has been conducted by the best linear unbiased estimator, which is based on the formulae for mean, variance and covariance of non‐overlapping Allan variance of them, that is, angular random walk and rate random walk. The modified algorithm is developed by using the best linear unbiased estimator, based on formulae for mean, variance and covariance of fully‐overlapping Allan variance which are newly derived in this paper. Efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated by simulation and experiment.
"First time right" - calculating imaging systems from scratch -INVITED
Authors: Duerr Fabian , Thienpont Hugo
Published: November 2021

Freeform optics can be used to greatly extend the functionalities, improve performance, and reduce the volume and weight of optical systems. Today, the design of imaging systems largely relies on efficient ray tracing and optimization algorithms. Such a "step-and-repeat" approach to optical design typically requires considerable experience, intuition, and eventually "trial-and-error" guesswork. This time-consuming process applies especially to freeform optical systems. In this work, we present a deterministic direct optical design method for freeform imaging systems based on differential equations derived from Fermat’s principle and solved using power series. The method allows calculating all optical surface coefficients that ensure minimal image blurring for each individual order of aberrations. We demonstrate the systematic, deterministic, scalable, and holistic character of our method with several catoptric and catadioptric design examples.
Experimental results from face and lateral fine grinding of fused silica and BK7 using metal and resin bonded tools
Authors: Schulze Christian , Henkel Sebastian , Bliedtner Jens
Published: November 2021

The experimental setup shall compare face grinding with lateral grinding in a single processing step using fused silica and BK7 as materials. Resin and metal bonded tools are used in face and lateral grinding strategies. The paper presents the results in order to deepen the knowledge about those grinding technologies and to further improve the properties of fabricated components. Furthermore, the results confirm, that ultra-fine grinding is a technology, which can be used to process inorganic non-metallic materials with high quality surfaces with a low roughness and high flatness in a low processing time.
Design of erbium doped silicon nanocavities for single photon applications
Authors: Di Giancamillo Matteo , Biagioni Paolo , Sorianello Vito , Prati Enrico
Published: November 2021

Silicon-based quantum communication technologies are becoming a factual reality. However, the challenges related to an earth-space unifying technology are several, and nowadays an integrated source compatible with the CMOS technology is still missing. Here we present the design of a weak photon source consisting of a LED able to emit directly into the optical circuit and obtained through the doping of a portion of a silicon waveguide with ErOxcomplexes. To enhance the radiative emission, the source is placed inside a resonant cavity delimited by two waveguide Bragg mirrors. A study on the performance of the device is carried out as a function of different parameters, such as the geometry of the cavity and of the contacts used to electrically excite the defects, the doping level, and the characteristics of the mirrors. We design a prototype that guarantees a Purcell factor in the order of tens, emitting ideally 107-108photons per second. The simulations provide a promising ground to further develop fully integrated single photon sources in silicon photonic circuits.
Ionic liquids as tunable refractive index fluids
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernánde Carlos Damián , López Lago Elena , Schröder Christian , Varela Luis M.
Published: November 2021

In this contribution we simulate the refractive index of several ion combinations yielding ionic liquids. The results show that their structural tunability can be exploited to successfully design liquids with task-specific refractive indices over a wide range of values, even higher than 2.0. Some designing clues are provided, being charge delocalization and the presence of fluorine atoms key factors to reach ion combinations with the highest refractive index possible.
Near-IR transparent conductive amorphous tungsten oxide thin layers by non-reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Chen Hao , Chiasera Alessandro , Armellini Cristina , Speranza Giorgio , Varas Stefano , Sayginer Osman , Alfano Antonio , Cassinelli Marco , Caironi Mario , Suriano Raffaella , Zaghloul Mohamed , Tagliaferri Alberto , Ferrari Maurizio , Pietralunga Silvia M.
Published: November 2021

Key assets for transparent electric contacts in optoelectronic applications are high conductivity and large transparency over extended spectral range. Indium-Tin-Oxide and Aluminium-doped-Zinc-oxide are commercial examples, with their electrical conductivity resembling those of metals, despite, their transparency being limited up to 1.5µm. This work introduces smooth and compact amorphous thin films of n-type semiconducting WO3-x prepared by RF-sputtering followed by annealing in dry air, as optical layers of tailorable dielectric properties. We evaluate Figure of Merit, combining electrical conductivity and optical transparency, and rate the performances as a transparent conductive layer.
Novel optofluidic concepts enabled by topological microfluidics-INVITED
Authors: Sengupta Anupam
Published: November 2021

The coupling between flow and director orientation of liquid crystals (LCs) has been long utilized to devise wide-ranging applications spanning modern displays, medical and environmental solutions, and bio-inspired designs and applications. LC-based optofluidic platforms offer a non-invasive handle to modulate light and material fields, both locally and dynamically. The flow-driven reorientation of the LC molecules can tailor distinct optical and mechanical responses in microfluidic confinements, and harness the coupling therein. Yet the synergy between traditional optofluidics with isotropic fluids and LC microfluidics remains at its infancy. Here, we discuss emerging optofluidic concepts based onTopological Microfluidics, leveraging microfluidic control of topological defects and defect landscapes. With a specific focus on the role of surface anchoring and microfluidic geometry, we present recent and ongoing works that harness flow-controlled director and defect configurations to modulate optical fields. The flow-induced optical attributes, and the corresponding feedback, is enhanced in the vicinity of the topological defects which geenerate distinct isotropic opto-material properties within an anisotropic matrix. By harnessing the rich interplay of confining geometry, anchoring and micro-scale nematodynamics,topological microfluidicsoffers a promising platform to ideate the next generation of optofluidic and optomechnical concepts.
Hybrid laser-assisted forming process for ultralight three-dimensional glass elements
Authors: Hassel Robin , Barz Andrea , Bliedtner Jens , Steuer Jörg , Pitcha Hans , Eberlein Matthias
Published: November 2021

As part of a research project, a new hybrid forming process for ultrathin three-dimensional glass elements was developed. In a continuous process chain, the three-part procedure enables large-area gravity-assisted bending of thin glass, partial deep-drawing of individual small structures using CO2laser radiation and cutting of flexible inner and outer contours. Using an experimental setup with a laser scanning system, novel component designs can be generated in a highly flexible and reproducible manner. This can open up new application fields or expand existing ones, for example in the area of cover glasses for display technology.
Optical characterization of strain sensing cables for Brillouin optical time domain analysis
Authors: Bastianini Filippo , Falcetelli Francesco , Bocheński Paweł , Rossi Leonardo , Di Sante Raffaella , Bolognini Gabriele
Published: November 2021

Two innovative optical fibre cable layouts designed to improve BOTDA strain measurement accuracy through improved strain transfer efficiency are presented, discussed and tested through experiments, analytical and numerical modelling. The second improved design presents good features to minimize the mismatch between measured and actual strain.
Stabilized, short cavity Brillouin ring laser source design for fiber sensing applications
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Bastianini Filippo , Bolognini Gabriele
Published: November 2021

A new pump-seeded, short-cavity Brillouin ring laser source layout intended for Brillouin sensing applications is showcased, showing increased high maximum output (1.5 mW), a strong linewidth narrowing effect (producing light with a linewidth of 10 kHz) and limited RIN (~-145 dB/Hz), providing an ultranarrow, highly stable BRL source that can also be employed as a pump-probe source for BOTDA applications.
Construction of a full mouth speculum facilitating oral examinations, bronchoscopy and gastric tubing in elephants
Authors: Lueders Imke , Stremme Christopher
Published: November 2021

Objective Here we tested the application of a full mouth speculum to sedated elephants in human care to gain access to the oral cavity, the trachea (bronchi) and esophagus (stomach) and therefore improve diagnostic and therapeutic options in elephant medicine. The construction of this oral speculum for elephants and the procedure are described.

Material and methods The oral speculum is a steel construction consisting of 2 bite plates of 0.8 × 60.0 × 8.0 cm attached between 2 threaded guiding poles (40 cm). Through crank handles, the metal plates are dispersed once placed between the elephant‘s jaws in front of the molars. The oral speculum was applied in 26 elephants (6,16 Asian elephants, and 1,3 African elephants) during standing sedation.

Results All sedated elephants tolerated the positioning of the mouth opener and subsequent manipulations well. The mouth opener was applied for the following procedures: inspection of the oral cavity (n = 2), placing a stomach tube (n = 16), and/or performing endoscopic examinations such as bronchoscopy (n = 20) and/or gastroscopy (n = 8).

Conclusion This method provides a new possibility to open the jaws to gain access to the molars, larynx and pharynx in captive elephants without full immobilization. Valuable samples for diagnostics may be obtained or animals medicated via stomach tube with this application.

Clinical relevance The mouth opener provides veterinarains with a new option to perform necessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures around the oral cavity, airways and stomach in captive elephants during standing sedation with no need for a full anaesthesia.
Die homöopathische Behandlung von Depressionen
Authors: Koch Ulrich
Published: November 2021

Depressionen treten mit zunehmender Häufigkeit auf und stellen eine hohe sozioökonomische Belastung dar. Sie sind auch ein häufiger Grund, um eine homöopathische Behandlung in Anspruch zu nehmen. Nach einer Einführung in das Krankheitsbild der Depression und ihre Behandlungsmöglichkeiten werden anhand zweier grundlegender Modelle zur Entstehung depressiven Erlebens die Arzneimittelbilder von Carcinosinum und Arsenicum album herausgearbeitet.
Transthoracic Vector Flow Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Valvular
Stenosis – A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Nguyen Tin-Quoc , Bechsgaard Thor , Schmidt Michael Rahbek , Juul Klaus , Moshavegh Ramin , Lönn Lars , Nielsen Michael Bachmann , Jensen Jørgen Arendt , Hansen Kristoffer Lindskov
Published: November 2021

Purpose Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound is routinely used to detect
cardiac valve stenoses. Vector flow imaging (VFI) is an angle-independent
real-time ultrasound method that can quantify flow complexity. We aimed to
evaluate if quantification of flow complexity could reliably assess valvular
stenosis in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods Nine pediatric patients with echocardiographically
confirmed valvular stenosis were included in the study. VFI and Doppler
measurements were compared with transvalvular peak-to-peak pressure differences
derived from invasive endovascular catheterization.

Results Vector concentration correlated with the catheter measurements
before intervention after exclusion of one outlier (r=−0.83,
p=0.01), whereas the Doppler method did not (r=0.49,
p=0.22). The change in vector concentration after intervention
correlated strongly with the change in the measured catheter pressure difference
(r=−0.86, p=0.003), while Doppler showed a tendency for
a moderate correlation (r=0.63, p=0.07).

Conclusion Transthoracic flow complexity quantification calculated from
VFI data is feasible and may be useful for assessing valvular stenosis severity
in pediatric patients.
Embolization of Hemorrhoidal Arteries: A Novel Endovascular Therapy Option for the Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease
Authors: Feyen Ludger , Freyhardt Patrick , Schott Peter , Wullstein Christoph , Dimitriou-Zarra Alexandra , Katoh Marcus
Published: November 2021

Background Hemorrhoids are a widespread disease. Treatment options range from dietary measures to open surgery. A novel treatment approach is the embolization of the hemorrhoidal arteries.

Method A review was performed based on a selective literature search in PubMed representing the current state of research. The keywords “hemorrhoid” and “embolization” and “emborrhoid” were used. In addition, technical details of the hemorrhoidal embolization procedure are explained.

Results and Conclusion Embolization of hemorrhoidal arteries is a safe treatment, which allows efficient symptom control even in patients with contraindications for open surgery.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the 1,3-Dipolar Cyclo­addition of Alloxan-Derived Azomethine Ylides to Cyclopropenes
Authors: Boitsov Vitali M. , Stepakov Alexander V. , Filatov Alexander S. , Selivanov Stanislav I. , Shmakov Stanislav V. , Larina Anna G.
Published: November 2021

A diastereoselective synthesis of biologically interesting spirobarbiturates has been achieved via [3+2] cycloaddition of alloxan-derived azomethine ylides to 3-R-1,2-diphenylcyclopropenes. With this approach, a range of spirobarbiturate-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes and spirobarbiturate-cyclopropa[a]pyrrolizines were obtained in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. DFT calculations (M11 density functional theory) were carried out to shed light on the molecular mechanism of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alloxan-derived azomethine ylides to cyclopropenes. The cytotoxic activity of some obtained compounds against human erythroleukemia (K562) cell line was evaluated in vitro by MTS-assay.
The Efficiency of Simultaneous Systemic and Topical Use of Tranexamic Acid in Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Erdogan Uzay , Sari Seckin , Akbas Ahmet
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim Multilevel posterior spinal fusion surgery in adults is associated with significant intra- and postoperative blood loss. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent for reducing blood loss and allogenic blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of TXA in reducing blood loss and improving hematologic parameters in adult patients undergoing posterior thoracic/lumbar instrumented spinal fusion surgery.

Patients and Methods This is a retrospective observational study comparing the intra- and postoperative hemodynamic findings of two groups treated with and without TXA. The study included 112 adult patients receiving elective posterior thoracic/lumbar instrumented spinal fusion surgery. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, type of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit values, postoperative systemic anticoagulant use, intra- and postoperative use of blood products, and the volume of the drainage fluid as an indicator of postoperative blood loss. The TXA group received preoperative 10 mg/kg intravenous TXA, another dose of 10 mg/kg/h in isotonic solution during the operation, and local administration of TXA before the closure of the surgical site (1g in patients undergoing surgery in ≤3 segments, and 2g in patients undergoing surgery in ≥4 segment group).

Results Intra- and postoperative blood loss and need for transfusion were significantly lower in the TXA group. Fifty-three of 112 patients required intra- and postoperative transfusion, and postoperative anticoagulants were given to 25/112 patients. The postoperative Hb level was lower, and the difference of pre- and postoperative Hb values was higher in the non-TXA group (not significant).

Conclusion Simultaneous systemic and topical application of TXA is a safe and efficient blood conservation strategy for adult patients undergoing major multilevel spinal surgery.
Titanium Base Abutments in Implant Prosthodontics: A Literature Review
Authors: Al-Thobity Ahmad M.
Published: November 2021

Implant abutments are essential components in restoring dental implants. Titanium base abutments were introduced to overcome issues related to existing abutments, such as the unesthetic appearance of titanium abutments and the low fracture strength of ceramic abutments. This study aimed to comprehensively review studies addressing the mechanical and clinical behaviors of titanium base abutments. A search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases to find articles that were published in English until December 2020 and that addressed the review purpose. A total of 33 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included for data extraction and review. In vitro studies showed that titanium base abutments had high fracture strength, adequate retention values, particularly with resin cement, and good marginal and internal fit. Although the clinical assessment of titanium base abutments was limited, they showed comparable performance with conventional abutments in short-term evaluation, especially in the anterior and premolar areas. Titanium base abutments can be considered a feasible treatment option for restoring dental implants, but long-term clinical studies are required for a better assessment.
Bright and dark envelope solitons in negative-ion plasmas in the presence of Maxwellian electrons population
Authors: Kumar Kishan , Sayal V. K. , Mishra M. K.
Published: November 2021

Using the Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky (KBM) perturbation method, a nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describing the slow modulation of the wave amplitude of the ion-acoustic wave is derived for the system. We have considered a collisionless plasma consisting of two cold-ion species with different masses, concentrations, and charge states and hot-isothermal electrons. The steady state solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is also discussed, which support bright and dark envelope solitons. The conditions for the existence of two types of localized envelope (Bright/dark) structures are investigated in terms of relevant parameters. We have discussed the characteristic of bright and dark envelope solitons in three plasmas compositions with (H+, O2−), (H+, H−), and (Ar+, F−). The dispersive and nonlinearity coefficients are obtained in terms of various plasma parameters. The range of parameters is investigated numerically in which system supports bright/-dark envelope solitons, and it is shown that envelope solitons exist in negative-ion plasma. The finding of the present study may be useful to understand some aspects of bright/dark envelope solitary waves in astrophysical negative-ion plasmas.
Tunable multidispersive bands of inductive origin in piezoelectric phononic plates
Authors: Mekrache K. , Sainidou R. , Rembert P. , Stefanou N. , Morvan B.
Published: November 2021

A variety of multidispersive, localized, or extended in frequency, bands, induced by inductance-based external electric circuits in piezoelectric phononic plates, is studied both theoretically and experimentally in this work. Their origin, tightly related to an equivalent LC-circuit behavior, is analyzed in detail and their interaction with the Lamb-like guided modes of the plate is also discussed. These bands, easily tuned by the choice of the parameters of the external electric circuitry, lead to a non-destructive, real-time control of the dispersion characteristics of these structures. Our device and analysis can find application in the improvement of surface acoustic wave components by offering additional degrees of freedom.
Multi-frequency telecom fibered laser system for potassium laser cooling
Authors: Cherfan Charbel , Denis Maxime , Bacquet Denis , Gamot Michel , Zemmouri Samir , Manai Isam , Clément Jean-François , Garreau Jean-Claude , Szriftgiser Pascal , Chicireanu Radu
Published: November 2021

We describe a compact and versatile multi-frequency laser system for laser-cooling potassium atoms by frequency doubling a fiber-optic telecom beam (≃1534 or 1540 nm). Low-power fiber-based telecom lasers and components generate a single beam containing the cooling and repumper half frequencies, subsequently amplified by a high-power amplifier. A final free-space second-harmonic generation stage provides a single beam with typically 2.5 W at quasi-resonant frequencies (≃767 or 770 nm) with high-quality mode and ready for laser cooling. This allowed us to trap up to 4×109 41K atoms with fast loading times (2.5 s) at sub-Doppler temperatures of 16 μK. This opens promising perspectives toward versatile and transportable ultracold atom setups.
Effects of strain, disorder, and Coulomb screening on free-carrier mobility in doped cadmium oxide
Authors: Piontkowski Zachary T. , Runnerstrom Evan L. , Cleri Angela , McDonald Anthony , Ihlefeld Jon , Saltonstall Christopher , Maria Jon-Paul , Beechem Thomas E.
Published: November 2021

The interplay of stress, disorder, and Coulomb screening dictating the mobility of doped cadmium oxide (CdO) is examined using Raman spectroscopy to identify the mechanisms driving dopant incorporation and scattering within this emerging infrared optical material. Specifically, multi-wavelength Raman and UV-vis spectroscopies are combined with electrical Hall measurements on a series of yttrium (X = Y) and indium (X = In) doped X:CdO thin-films. Hall measurements confirm n-type doping and establish carrier concentrations and mobilities. Spectral fitting along the low-frequency Raman combination bands, especially the TA+TO(X) mode, reveals that the evolution of strain and disorder within the lattice as a function of dopant concentration is strongly correlated with mobility. Coupling between the electronic and lattice environments was examined through analysis of first- and second-order longitudinal–optical phonon–plasmon coupled modes that monotonically decrease in energy and asymmetrically broaden with increasing dopant concentration. By fitting these trends to an impurity-induced Fröhlich model for the Raman scattering intensity, exciton–phonon and exciton–impurity coupling factors are quantified. These coupling factors indicate a continual decrease in the amount of ionized impurity scattering with increasing dopant concentration and are not as well correlated with mobility. This shows that lattice strain and disorder are the primary determining factors for mobility in donor-doped CdO. In aggregate, the study confirms previously postulated defect equilibrium arguments for dopant incorporation in CdO while at the same time identifying paths for its further refinement.
The electro-osmotic flow and heat transfer of generalized Maxwell fluids with distributed-order time-fractional characteristics in microtubules under an alternating field
Authors: Feng Chenqing , Li Botong , Si Xinhui , Wang Wei , Zhu Jing
Published: November 2021

The electro-osmotic flow and heat transfer of a Maxwell fluid with distributed-order time-fractional characteristics in a microchannel under an alternating field is investigated, while considering viscous dissipation and Joule heating. The unsteady momentum and energy equations are computed numerically directly using the finite volume method. The accuracy of the numerical method is validated by comparison the constructed velocity distribution with the velocity distribution in previous references. With the time going on, oscillation of alternating current with a constant amplitude will afford periodic velocity distribution. The temperature will periodically increase. Furthermore, the velocity and temperature distributions characteristics of a Newtonian fluid, fractional Maxwell fluid, and generalized Maxwell fluid with time distribution are compared. Finally, the effects of different physical parameters K, S, Br, Ha, λ, Ω, ψ1, ψ2, Pr, and δ on the velocity and heat distributions under an alternating field are discussed.