bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic rehabilitation in a patient with skeletal mandibular deficiency and open bite: journey from splinted metalloceramic prosthesis to all-ceramic crowns
Authors: Rizwan Nazeer  , Shizrah Jamal  , Khan Farhan Raza
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This case report is of a 31-year-old female who presented with splinted and faulty metalloceramic prosthesis on maxillary anterior teeth, which was responsible for localised periodontal disease and poor aesthetics. At multiple sites the ceramic had chipped off and the prosthesis colour did not match with the adjacent healthy teeth. A multidisciplinary approach of endodontics, periodontics and prosthodontics was employed for this case. The treatment plan consisted of removing the faulty prosthesis, endodontic retreatment of inadequately root-treated teeth and endodontics in the other coronally prepared abutment teeth. Crown lengthening surgery was performed for the correction of periodontal pockets and high smile line and maintenance of an adequate biological width. After periodontal healing, all-ceramic individual crowns were placed on the maxillary anterior teeth along with a three-unit all-ceramic bridge for the replacement of the left upper maxillary first premolar. Continuous...
Computing support for testing equal values of the figurative numbers in the Pascal triangle
Authors: Mihajlov Carević Miroslava , Ilić Miloš , Petrović Milena , Denić Nebojša
Published: October 2020

In this paper we deal with a method for the determination of numbers in a Pascal triangle that are simultaneously triangular, tetrahedral and pentaedroidni.

The collected results, obtained by mathematical analysis, were verified by computer. For this purpose, we used the C# programming language as well as the computer laboratory within our University in order to test the results. The results collected by computer confirmed the accuracy of the results obtained by mathematical analysis.
Transformation of Traditional Food with Duck Basic for Culinary Business Continuity in Ubud Tourist Village, Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Sutaguna I Nyoman Tri , Sirna I Ketut , Utama I Gusti Bagus Rai
Published: October 2020

Ubud Village, which is one of the attractions for tourists to visit the island of Bali, has a very beautiful and beautiful view. Tourists who visit Ubud not only enjoy the physical views of natural and man-made resources but they also want to learn about the original Balinese culture that breathes Hinduism. One thing that tourists can learn from Balinese culture is enjoying traditional Balinese food (culinary tours). This study aims to identify traditional Balinese food made from duck meat in terms of (1) The transformation product of traditional Balinese food made from duck and (2) Food contained in traditional Balinese food. The informants were determined by selecting restaurants and restaurants that sell traditional Balinese food which had been transformed and determined based on the purposive sampling method. Determination of information from tourists used in-depth interviews with resource persons who are competent in their fields. Data collection techniques are using observation, interviews, and documentation. The presentation of the research results is described quantitatively and qualitatively. Transformation processes such as texture, shape, taste, color, the aroma of the processing process, and attractive presentation methods, taking into account sanitary, hygienic, and food safety standards. Furthermore, the meaning of the transformation of traditional Balinese food made from a duck that has been developed is in the form of economic meaning, social meaning, ethical meaning, and aesthetic meaning. This will be able to provide added value to tourists and the community in Ubud Tourism Village.
Influence of propulsion installation performance on travel efficiency
Authors: Lupchian Mariana
Published: October 2020

This paper presents an analysis of exploitation parameters for naval propulsion plant at different operating regimes. For naval propulsion plant with internal combustion engines, is considered as independent variables which give its operating regimes. Functional parameters of analysis of navigational regimes considered representative of the operation of the ship. Propulsion of the ship is provided by a fixed pitch propeller that allows modification propulsion performance by adjusting a single parameter function: speed propeller.
The Human Organism is a Biophysical–Biopsychological System
Authors: Vincze Janos , Vincze-Tiszay Gabriella
Published: October 2020

Healthy and ill people both try to achieve the required performance and satisfaction of this, but they experience differently their activities accompanied by secondary feelings, their critical attitude and their compliance with social desires. Exceeding these correspondences requires the operation of countermeasures in all people, which at times are barely noticeable because they are embedded in the personality struc­ture or alternately use the entire arsenal of mechanisms. If a biopsychological system responds specifically to an external stimulus, it means that the value of some of its parameters changes and then returns to its original state of ho­meostasis when the response is complete. Parameters charac­terized by static equilibrium and is involved in the response return their values over time to their original value such that its envelope is an exponential (ascending or descending) curve. The parameter that is characterized by a state of dynamic equilibrium and is involved in the response returns to its original value with attenuated harmonic oscillation after its completion. The duration of the return is different for each parameter, and the normal state of homeostasis is determined by the parameter with the slowest finish.
Renal Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Al Umairi Rashid , Al Shamsi Ruqaiya , Kamona Atheel , Al Lawati Fatma , Baqi Sadiq Abdul , Kurian Geroge , Al Kalbani Jokha
Published: October 2020

Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is an uncommon renal neoplasm with malignant potential. It is classified under the group of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors and can be sporadic or as part of the tuberous sclerosis complex. On imaging, unlike classical AML that contains fat, EAML has a very low percentage of fat which can mimic the imaging findings of renal cell carcinoma. We reported a 31-year-old female who had a history of renal failure and bilateral renal masses. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen revealed bilateral large renal masses replacing renal parenchyma with features suggestive of bilateral renal AML. The patient underwent left nephrectomy, and histopathology examination findings were consistent with the diagnosis of EAML.
Anabolic Steroid Use and Aortic Dissection in Athletes: A Case Series
Authors: Heydari Aghigh , Asadmobini Atefeh , Sabzi Feridoun
Published: October 2020

The use of anabolic steroids in supraphysiologic doses has grown in the last decade as doping drugs in athletes. The high dose of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) causes cardiomyopathy, hypertension, thrombosis, myocardial infarction (MI), weakness of connective tissue, and its sequelae such as tendon injury and aortic dissection. Dissection of the ascending aorta is an uncommon injury that has been recognized with increasing frequency in bodybuilders in recent years. It has been proposed that such cases commonly accompany the weakening of connective tissue and must be actively evaluated in the presence of anabolic steroid usage. We present a case series of isolated ascending aorta dissection in athletes who were bodybuilders. All cases were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and laboratory exams. These cases also served as a reminder of the risks of ascending aorta dissection with AAS, especially in strength athletes who place high demands on their musculoskeletal structures. The results of the current study suggested that anabolic steroid abuse may be associated with detrimental effects on the myocardium represented as cardiomyopathy or atherosclerotic changes in the coronary artery as MI. These findings also strongly suggest that anabolic steroid treatment predisposes the individual to aortic dissection, especially when the patients are exercised.
Imaging of Pharyngocele: An Occupational Overuse Syndrome
Authors: Ethiraj, Dillibabu , Kumar Suresh D. , Indiran Venkatraman , Maduraimuthu Prabakaran
Published: October 2020

Pharyngocele is a rare pathology of the pharynx caused by the laxity of the thyrohyoid membrane. Only about 60 true lateral pharyngocele cases have been reported in the literature over the last 133 years. Laryngocele is a close differential, and the two are difficult to tell apart. Though they have been described well in the literature, they are often misdiagnosed or interchangeably diagnosed. The acquired type of pharyngocele is due to prolonged increased intrapharyngeal pressure and pharyngeal wall weakness, and it is more common than congenital pharyngoceles. Close differential diagnoses include Zenker’s diverticulum, laryngocele, and jugular venous phlebectasia. Acquired lateral pharyngoceles are seen in wind instrument musicians and glassblowers. Hence, these diverticula are described as ‘overuse syndrome’. We present a case of bilateral neck swelling, which occurred doing the Valsalva maneuver with imaging studies.
Organizational Factors in Determining Data Quality Produced from Health Management Information Systems in Low- And Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hlaing Thein , Zin Thant
Published: October 2020

The Health Management Information System (HMIS) is an essential core component in framing the national health system. To operate six core components synchronically and to manage them successfully inside the health system, HMIS and communication are also placed centrally. However, the unworthy problems of HMIS data have been significantly affected by several characteristics. Among these characteristics, the organizational factors need to be considered as important issues. This systematic review aims to examine what organizational factors are determining the HMIS data quality in LMICs after 2005. Two independent reviewers selected 38 eligible primary published papers from 22 LMICs through three popular online sources: MEDLINE and PubMed, HINARI, and Google and Google Scholar. This finding mainly highlighted that weak organizational structuring and processing, less organizational learning development regarding HMIS, unavailability of HMIS resources, poor governance, and political issues impacted the HMIS data quality in LMICs.
Plant trait response of tundra shrubs to permafrost thaw and nutrient addition
Authors: Iturrate-Garcia Maitane , Heijmans Monique M. P. D. , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Schweingruber Fritz H. , Niklaus Pascal A. , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Plant traits reflect growth strategies and trade-offs in response to environmental conditions. Because of climate warming, plant traits might
change, altering ecosystem functions and vegetation–climate interactions. Despite important feedbacks of plant trait changes in tundra ecosystems
with regional climate, with a key role for shrubs, information on responses of shrub functional traits is limited. Here, we investigate the effects of experimentally increased permafrost thaw depth and (possibly thaw-associated) soil nutrient availability on
plant functional traits and strategies of Arctic shrubs in northeastern Siberia. We hypothesize that shrubs will generally shift their strategy from
efficient conservation to faster acquisition of resources through adaptation of leaf and stem traits in a coordinated whole-plant fashion. To test this hypothesis,
we ran a 4 year permafrost thaw and nutrient fertilization experiment with a fully factorial block design and six treatment combinations –
permafrost thaw (control, unheated cable, heated cable) × fertilization (no nutrient addition, nutrient addition). We measured 10 leaf and
stem traits related to growth, defence and the resource economics spectrum in four shrub species (Betula nana, Salix pulchra,
Ledum palustre and Vaccinium vitis-idaea), which were sampled in the experimental plots. The plant trait data were statistically
analysed using linear mixed-effect models and principal component analysis (PCA). The response to increased permafrost thaw was not significant for most shrub traits. However, all shrubs responded to the fertilization treatment,
despite decreased thaw depth and soil temperature in fertilized plots. Shrubs tended to grow taller but did not increase their stem density or bark
thickness. We found a similar coordinated trait response for all four species at leaf and plant level; i.e. they shifted from a conservative towards
a more acquisitive resource economy strategy upon fertilization. In accordance, results point towards a lower investment into defence mechanisms,
and hence increased shrub vulnerability to herbivory and climate extremes. Compared to biomass and height only, detailed data involving individual plant organ traits such as leaf area and nutrient contents or stem water
content can contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of feedbacks between shrub growth strategies, permafrost thaw and carbon and energy
fluxes. In combination with observational data, these experimental tundra trait data allow for a more realistic representation of tundra shrubs in
dynamic vegetation models and robust prediction of ecosystem functions and related climate–vegetation–permafrost feedbacks.
The Waiotapu earthquake of 1983, December 14
Authors: Smith Euan G. C. , Scott Brad J. , Latter John H.
Published: October 2020

The continual earthquake swarm activity in the Waiotapu-Waikite Valley area that commenced in April 1982, reached a climax on 14 December 1983 with the occurrence of a magnitude 5.1 shock at shallow depth, on or close to the Ngapouri fault, near Waiotapu. It was the largest event in this area for more than 40 years. Felt intensities reached MM VII and possibly MM VIII in the epicentral region and resulted in claims for $29,000 worth of damage.

Although inadequate for the determination of a focal mechanism, first P-wave motions indicate that the earthquake produced east-west extension. On the assumption that the shock occurred on the Ngapouri fault (strike N55°E, northwest side down), this implies sinistral movement with a lesser dip slip component. Geodetic data are consistent with extention at N110°E in the region, although the magnitude of the strain is technically too small to be statistically significant.
The development of seismic zones and the evaluation of lateral loadings for earthquake resistant design of buildings in Papua New Guinea
Authors: McCue Kevin
Published: October 2020

A recently published seismic zoning map of Papua New Guinea does not correlate particularly well with either presentday seismicity or tectonic models of the region. Several reasons are given and a modified version of the map is presented for discussion and as a replacement in the Building Code.
Analysing the Sustainability Challenges of Informal Urban Settlements: The Case of Chibolya in Lusaka Zambia
Authors: Mwamba Jonathan Simbeya
Published: October 2020

Presently, informal settlements exist as part of the urban fabric and a major constituent of the residential geographies of most Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The growth of informal settlements in cities of the global south has been widely discussed in existing literature as a critical concern. Urban development literature in Zambia in particular has focused on the rapid urbanization and poverty growth, but barely explains how this affects settlement sustainability. Studies have focused on measures put in place by government and supporting organisations to help find solutions to the problem. But this has been done without providing specifics as relates to interventions for settlement sustainability and user perceptions of their living environments. The article provides a conceptual analysis of the local dynamics influencing informal settlement development and sustainability. The historical perspective and modern day realities of informal urban settlement settings in Lusaka in Zambia are also reviewed. The case study findings indicate a need to refocus development interventions in informal settlements by considering informal dwellers concerns and requirements when formulating settlements development strategies. The article offers an insight into sustainability challenges that the settlement population faces despite a variety of development interventions by the State and private agencies. The article shows the potential success and sustainability of interventions when informal settlement residents are empowered and take responsibility of their own development agenda. The paper points out the need for collaborative approach to informal settlement improvement where all stakeholders including the local residents, participate in all stages of settlement development.
Disposição a pagar pela conservação do parque municipal da Ilha de Mosqueiro, Belém/PA
Authors: Pimentel Edyrlli Naele Barbosa , Paula Manoel Tavares de , Silva Ismael Matos da , Simões Marcelo Coelho
Published: October 2020

As áreas de vegetação nativa têm sido extensivamente degradadas ao longo dos tempos. Para evitar que os recursos naturais e serviços ambientais dessas áreas se esgotem devido ao uso excessivo criou-se áreas protegidas, dentre as quais estão as Unidades de Conservação (UC). Embora sejam protegidas por lei, as UC no Brasil defrontam problemas aliados à degradação devido principalmente à falta de fiscalização e de estrutura e, por conseguinte, são alvo de ocupação desordenada e sofrem impactos ambientais. Em decorrência disso, baseia-se a necessidade de atribuição de valor econômico a essas áreas que pode ser usado como base para a formulação de políticas públicas. Desse modo, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a valoração ambiental do Parque Municipal da Ilha de Mosqueiro, Belém/PA, utilizando o Método de Valoração Contingente. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários a 200 indivíduos. Ao fim da análise encontrou-se um valor médio de por pessoa de R$ 2,63. Foi possível conjuntamente construir o perfil socioeconômico dos entrevistados, constatou-se que a maioria é natural da ilha de Mosqueiro, do sexo feminino, de nível de escolaridade baixo e a renda em maior parte é de até dois salários mínimos. A frequência de visitação dos entrevistados no parque é baixa, porém o nível de importância atribuído é alto, o que demonstra que os eles reconhecem o valor ambiental da área. Este método mostrou-se eficiente para captar a Disposição a Pagar (DAP) pela conservação do parque.
Dinâmica de Crescimento e Distribuição Diamétrica de fragmentos de Floresta Nativa do Cerrado na Região Oeste da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Souza Ranieldo Barreiras Barbosa , Feitosa Junior Francisco Rubens , Almeida Neto Prudente Pereira de , Brandão Paulo Roberto Baqueiro
Published: October 2020

A distribuição diamétrica é uma ferramenta para analisar a distribuição estrutural de indivíduos arbóreos cuja finalidade é demonstrar a renovação ou não de novos indivíduos no ambiente. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a estrutura diamétrica de população arbórea onde predomina espécies nativas como o Caryocar Cuneatum, popularmente conhecido como Pequi. Essa espécie nativa do Cerrado brasileiro é de grande valor socioeconômico e de difícil geminação natural e possui grande utilidade socioeconômica e cultural e é explorada em todo o Oeste da Bahia, o que ressalta sua importância ainda mais em análises sobre regeneração de espécies nativas. A área estudada foi localizada em fragmentos do Cerrado nativo não antropizado com fitofisionomia de Chapadão com muitos indivíduos arbóreos com altura entre 8 e 12 m nos municípios de Baianópolis e Cristópolis (Bahia). Para o trabalho foram coletadas as medidas de diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) de toda a comunidade arbórea das parcelas implementadas, através de um inventário realizado em uma área de 1/2 hectare (50 x 50 m) em cada munícipio. A estrutura diamétrica foi analisada para toda a comunidade arbórea, no entanto as árvores da família Caryocar tiveram seus dados analisados entre si e em conjunto com a comunidade, devido sua relevante importância para a região. Para a análise estatística dos dados das parcelas utilizou-se o programa Microsoft Office Excel 2010, para obtenção das seguintes variáveis: limite inferior, limite superior, valor central, frequência observada, frequência acumulada, área basal, área transversal, área basal em m² e área basal acumulada. Tal investigação possibilitou aferir que as árvores apresentam assimetria positiva e curtose do tipo platicúrtica, o que demonstra o padrão típico de floresta nativa em forma de 'J' invertido ou exponencial negativo, porém, de forma desbalanceada. Conclui-se que a população arbórea, entre ela, a espécie Caryocar Cuneatum, está se desenvolvendo dentro do ambiente inserido, mas é requerida atenção.
O saber etnobotânico dos agricultores/as familiares associado a plantas medicinais e suas aplicações, Rolim de Moura/RO, Brasil
Authors: Lopes Marcelo Santos , Ribeiro Sylviane Beck , Franco Gilmara Yoshihara , Tronco Kenia Michele de Quadros
Published: October 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o saber etnobotânico dos agricultores/as familiares associado à plantas medicinais no município de Rolim de Moura/RO. Foram coletadas informações de 30 produtores selecionados pela metodologia bola de neve. Utilizou-se o Fator de Consenso do Informante (FCI) e foram classificados os nomes das espécies por meio das famílias botânicas, suas indicações de acordo com a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10), Nível de Fidelidade (FL) e Importância Relativa (IR). Foram citadas 136 espécies de plantas medicinais, distribuídas em 56 famílias.  As plantas tiveram 901 citações e destas foi possível a identificação de 134 espécies, destacando-se as seguintes famílias: Asteraceae (20 espécies), Lamiaceae (17 espécies) e Fabaceae (7 espécies). As de maior número de citação foram Curcuma Longa L.(Açafrão), Mentha sp. (Hortelã), Cyimbopogon citratus Stapf. (Capim Cidreira) e Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Boldo). Em relação ao FCI, as categorias com maiores valores foram: transtornos do sistema respiratório (FCI=0,70) e transtornos do sistema digestório (FCI=0,69). As que apresentaram valores de IR>1 foram: Curcuma Longa L. (Açafrão – IR=2,0) e Plantago major L.(Tanchagem – IR=1,64). Aos resultados de FL, destacaram-se as seguintes espécies: Pereskia grandifolia (Ora-pro-nobis – FL=80%), Sambucus australis, Malpighia glabra Linn, Phyllanthus niruri L., Petroselium crispum (Mill.) A.W.Hill,(Sabugueiro, Acerola, Quebra-pedra e Salsa – FL=66,67%) respectivamente. As folhas foram as partes da planta mais utilizadas (64,2%), sendo a infusão/chá (67,5%) o procedimento mais comum usado para preparar remédios caseiros. Conclui-se que este trabalho possibilitou maior compreensão acerca da origem dos saberes e das práticas sobre o uso terapêutico das plantas medicinais que além da constatação do uso destas plantas, elas assumem grande valor na vida destes produtores rurais.
Indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável nos municípios do Nordeste Paraense
Authors: Souza Caio Cezar Ferreira de , Lima Ellen Gleyce da Silva , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Rebello Fabrício Khoury , Martins Cyntia Meireles , Lopes Maria Lúcia Bahia
Published: October 2020

O desenvolvimento sustentável constitui-se no novo paradigma de desenvolvimento vigente, por isso se faz necessário a utilização de métodos de avaliação de sustentabilidade para servir de subsídios na formulação de políticas públicas. Neste artigo avalia-se os níveis de sustentabilidade dos municípios da mesorregião do Nordeste Paraense, no estado do Pará, mediante o cálculo do Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável para Municípios (IDSM). A metodologia se baseou na utilizada por Martins e Cândido (2012), onde os dados são analisados de acordo com seis dimensões (social, demográfica, econômica, político-institucional, ambiental e cultural) e quatro níveis (ideal, aceitável, alerta e crítico), a partir de dados secundários obtidos nas bases de dados do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil, FAPESPA, DATASUS, IBGE, FINBRA, ANATEL, TSE e SNIS. Os resultados foram ilustrados através de mapas visando uma melhor representação da realidade dos municípios estudados. A pesquisa constatou que 94% dos municípios analisados foram classificados no nível de alerta, demonstrando a necessidade de políticas públicas mais adequadas ao favorecimento do desenvolvimento sustentável. A metodologia utilizada se mostrou eficiente para orientar os gestores públicos em suas tomadas de decisões, principalmente no que diz respeito à qualidade da educação, oferta de serviços básicos de saúde, saneamento básico, incentivo ao setor industrial e a construção de equipamentos culturais como museus, teatros e bibliotecas.
Biomassa aérea e NDVI em zona ecotonal cerrado-caatinga da Flona de Palmares, Altos, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Brandão Maria Letícia Stefany Monteiro , Iwata Bruna de Freitas , Alencar Gaspar da Silva , Carvalho Suzane Pereira , Almeida Karoline de Sousa , Silva Camila Maria Alves da , Rocha Israel Lobato , Sousa Mauro César de Brito
Published: October 2020

A estimativa da biomassa é uma forma de avaliar a quantidade de material biológico de uma floresta quanto à sua conversão de energia e ciclagem de nutrientes, como também estudos referentes à biomassa vegetal e à composição nutricional das plantas podem compor um importante banco de dados para o desenvolvimento de programas de conservação. A vegetação aérea exerce uma importante função na avaliação de um ecossistema florestal. Diante disso o estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a biomassa da vegetação aérea e analisar a sua relação com o NDVI da Floresta Nacional de Palmares, Altos, Piauí. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável, a Floresta Nacional dos Palmares está localizada na Zona Rural do município de Altos – PI, tendo como limite a capital Teresina.  Foram considerados nessa pesquisa apenas os indivíduos que estavam dentro das parcelas de 20m x 20m, coletadas em 09 glebas, totalizando uma área de 168 ha. Foram incluídos nesse estrato todos os indivíduos com a circunferência na altura do peito (CAP) igual ou superior a 15 cm. Com o NDVI foi possível ter uma visualização da vegetação da Flona, e assim fazer uma comparação com os resultados da biomassa, que foram coerentes com a imagem do NDVI. A biomassa total em árvores vivas e mortas na Flona de Palmares foi estimada em 313.050 Mg/ha, no período seco de 2019.
Otimização e validação de metodologia para determinação de hormônios sexuais em matrizes aquosas por SPE e GC/MS: determinação de hormônios sexuais em matrizes aquosas
Authors: Ferreira Flávia dos Santos , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: October 2020

Os hormônios sexuais têm sido considerados contaminantes emergentes do ecossistema aquático e podem desencadear sérios problemas na base da cadeia alimentar. O objetivo deste estudo foi otimizar uma metodologia analítica, envolvendo extração em fase sólida (SPE) com C18 de Estriol, Estradiol e Testosterona em matrizes aquosas e sua determinação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa (GC/MS). O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando amostras aquosas fortificadas, sendo avaliados: volume de amostra, pH, volume de eluição com diclorometano no processo de SPE. Para avaliar a metodologia otimizada, foram analisadas amostras de esgoto sanitário fortificado e não fortificado. O método mostrou precisão (RSD 8,6 e 12,4%), recuperação (121,2 e 120,6%), LDs (0,022 e 0,015 µg L-1) e LQs (0,073 e 0,053 µg L-1), aceitos para as faixas de µg L-1 (para estradiol e testosterona), o estriol apresentou recuperações de 48,2% e RSD de 20,7%. A aplicação da metodologia em amostras reais permitiu detectar a presença de testosterona e estradiol nas amostras de efluentes de esgoto doméstico.
Identification of RUNX1T1 as a potential epigenetic modifier in small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: He Tian , Wildey Gary , McColl Karen , Savadelis Alyssa , Spainhower Kyle , McColl Cassidy , Kresak Adam , Tan Aik Choon , Yang Michael , Abbas Ata , Dowlati Afshin
Published: October 2020

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) can be subgrouped into common ‘pure’ and rare ‘combined’ SCLC (c‐SCLC). c‐SCLC features a mixed tumor histology of both SCLC and non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed targeted exome sequencing on 90 patients with SCLC, including two with c‐SCLC, and discovered RUNX1T1 amplification specific to small cell tumors of both patients with c‐SCLC, but in only 2 of 88 ‘pure’ SCLC patients. RUNX1T1 was first identified in the fusion transcript AML1/ETO, which occurs in 12%‐15% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We further show higher expression of RUNX1T1 in the SCLC component of another c‐SCLC tumor by in situ hybridization. RUNX1T1 expression was enriched in SCLC compared with all other cancers, including NSCLC, in both cell lines and tumor specimens, as shown by mRNA level and western blotting. Transcriptomic analysis of hallmark genes decreased by stable RUNX1T1 overexpression revealed a significant change in E2F targets. Validation experiments in multiple lung cancer cell lines showed that RUNX1T1 overexpression consistently decreased CDKN1A (p21) expression and increased E2F transcriptional activity, which is commonly altered in SCLC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in these overexpressing cells demonstrated that RUNX1T1 interacts with the CDKN1A (p21) promoter region, which displayed parallel reductions in histone 3 acetylation. Furthermore, reduced p21 expression could be dramatically restored by HDAC inhibition using Trichostatin A. Reanalysis of ChIP‐seq data in Kasumi‐1 AML cells showed that knockdown of the RUNX1T1 fusion protein was associated with increased global acetylation, including the CDKN1A (p21) promoter. Thus, our study identifies RUNX1T1 as a biomarker and potential epigenetic regulator of SCLC.
Impact of setup errors on multi‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy for craniospinal irradiation
Authors: Zhou Yongqiang , Ai Yao , Han Ce , Zheng Xiaomin , Yi Jinling , Xie Congying , Jin Xiance
Published: October 2020

Multi‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is recommended for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) to smooth the dose distribution in the junction regions relying solely on inverse optimization. However, few studies have measured the dosimetric impact of setup errors on this multi‐isocenter VMAT in the junction areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of positional errors during VMAT CSI with two‐dimension (2D) and three‐dimension (3D) dosimetric measurements. A total of 20 patients treated by three‐isocenter VMAT CSI were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. A 3D diode array ArcCHECK and radiochromic film EBT3 were applied to measure the percentage gamma passing rates (%GPs) and dose distributions in the junction areas between the cranial/upper‐spinal and the upper/lower‐spinal fields with intentionally introduced setup errors of ± 1 mm, ±2 mm, ±3 mm, ±5 mm, and ± 8 mm, respectively. The length and volume of planning target volume (PTV) for these CSI patients ranged from 50.14 to 80.8 cm, and 1572.3 to 2114.5 cm3, respectively. The %GPs for ±3 mm, ±5 mm, and ±8 mm positional errors were around 95%, 90%, and 85%, respectively, in the junction areas. The dosimetric verification results with EBT3 films indicated that cold and hot areas were observed with the increase of introduced setup errors. In conclusion, the dosimetric verification with intentionally introduced setup errors demonstrated that positional errors within 3 mm have a little impact for VMAT CSI, although setup errors should be minimized. Relying on the inverse optimization of VMAT to smooth the dose distribution in the junction areas is feasible for CSI.
Unique Considerations for the Management of Gout in the Hmong Population: Examining Tertiary Encounters at a Large Regional Health Care System
Authors: Lerman Alison , Gertner Elie , DeFor Terese A. , Brown Morgan , Desai Jay
Published: October 2020

Objective

To evaluate demographic characteristics, care encounters, comorbidities, and clinical differences in Hmong and non‐Hmong patients with gout.

Methods

Using retrospective chart review, all inpatient encounters (Hmong versus non‐Hmong) were reviewed from 2014 to 2017. Acute or chronic gout was the primary or secondary diagnosis for the encounter.

Results

Hmong gout patients were on average 11 years younger than non‐Hmong patients, but after adjustment for age, sex, and type of encounter, they had similar rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease. Hmong patients had significantly decreased renal function at the time of presentation; the odds ratio of chronic kidney disease for Hmong patients was 2.33 versus 1.48 for non‐Hmong patients (P < 0.05), the mean creatinine level was 3.3 mg/dl versus 2.0 mg/dl (β = 1.35, P < 0.001), and the glomerular filtration rate was 44.8 ml/minute versus 49.3 ml/minute (β = –6.95, P < 0.001). Hmong gout patients were more likely to use emergency care versus elective or urgent care, they were less likely to be using medications for the treatment of gout prior to admission (32.3% versus 58.2%), and the length of hospital stay was increased (8.8 versus 5.2 days; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Hmong gout patients who had a tertiary care encounter were 11 years younger than non‐Hmong patients with similar rates of comorbidities but had worse renal function despite the age differences. They were more likely to use emergency services, to be insured through Medicaid, and not to use preventive medications for gout prior to their encounter. Intensive efforts are needed in the Hmong population for culturally appropriate preventive care management of gout along with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, and kidney disease.
Numerical Simulations and In Situ Optical Microscopy Connecting Flow Pattern, Crystallization, and Thin‐Film Properties for Organic Transistors with Superior Device‐to‐Device Uniformity
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Chan , Lee Minho , Lee Ho‐Jun , Ahn Kwangguk , Nam Jaewook , Park Steve
Published: October 2020

Currently, due to the lack of precise control of flow behavior and the understanding of how it influences thin‐film crystallization, strict tuning of thin‐film properties during solution‐based coating is difficult. In this work, a continuous‐flow microfluidic‐channel‐based meniscus‐guided coating (CoMiC) is introduced, which is a system that enables manipulation of flow patterns and analysis connecting flow pattern, crystallization, and thin‐film properties. Continuous supply of a solution of an organic semiconductor with various flow patterns is generated using microfluidic channels. 3D numerical simulations and in situ microscopy allow the tracking of the flow pattern along its entire path (from within the microfluidic channel to near the liquid–solid boundary), and enable direct observation of thin‐film crystallization process. In particular, the generation of chaotic flow results in unprecedented device‐to‐device uniformity, with coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.3% and average mobility of 2.04 cm2 V−1 s−1 in doped TIPS‐pentacene. Furthermore, CV and average mobility of 9.6% and 11.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved, respectively, in a small molecule:polymer blend system. CoMiC can serve as a guideline for elucidating the relation between flow behavior, liquid‐to‐solid phase transition, and device performance, which has thus far been unknown.
Target‐site resistance and cross‐resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in radish and wild radish biotypes from Brazil
Authors: Costa Leandro O. , Cechin Joanei , Rizzardi Mauro A. , Martin Sara L. , Sauder Connie A. , Adegas Fernando S. , Grando Magali F.
Published: October 2020

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and wild radish (R. raphanistrum L.) are troublesome agricultural weeds in several areas worldwide, with populations resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide. Information on the mechanisms of resistance is important for management and developing novel solutions to control resistant populations. The objective of this work was to determine the ALS‐resistance mechanisms in radish and wild radish biotypes resistant to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. Resistance levels were determined by dose‐response curve using several rates of metsulfuron‐methyl herbicide in susceptible (JUC1) and resistant (JUC2, CRA3) radish, and susceptible (CAF1) and resistant (CAF2, CAF3) wild radish biotypes. The mechanism was evaluated by the in vitro activity of the ALS enzyme with imazapic herbicide and ALS gene sequencing. All resistant biotypes were insensitive to metsulfuron‐methyl and imazapic herbicides. The rate of metsulfuron‐methyl to reduce 50% growth of the plants (GR50) were 17‐ to 60‐fold (JUC2, CRA3) and 9‐ to 21‐fold (CAF2 and CAF3) higher than the susceptible biotypes of radish and wild radish, respectively. One‐point mutation in the ALS gene, Trp‐574‐Leu, was found in all resistant radish biotypes, whereas a second point mutation, Ala‐360‐Ser, was found in CAF2, CAF3, and JUC2 resistant biotypes. Changes in kinetic parameters of the ALS enzyme were found in all resistant biotypes evaluated, causing reduction of the herbicide affinity in the target‐site of action. Trp‐574‐Leu amino acid substitution resulted in resistance to sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and triazolopyrimidine groups, with the survival greater than 75% of the plants, depending on the herbicide applied at labeled rate.
Assessing physical symptoms, daily functioning, and well‐being in children with achondroplasia
Authors: Pfeiffer Kathryn M. , Brod Meryl , Smith Alden , Gianettoni Jill , Viuff Dorthe , Ota Sho , Charlton R. Will
Published: October 2020

This study's purpose was to provide qualitative evidence to support the development of two observer‐reported outcome measures assessing the physical symptoms/complications of achondroplasia in children and impacts on children's quality of life. Individual/focus group concept elicitation interviews were conducted with parents of children aged 2 to <12 years with achondroplasia and experts. Qualitative analysis of transcripts, based on an adapted grounded theory approach, informed item generation and measure development. Cognitive debriefing (CD) interviews were conducted with parents to confirm relevance and understanding. Thirty‐six parents participated in concept elicitation interviews. The analysis identified major physical symptoms/complications and impacts of achondroplasia, which informed the development of the Achondroplasia Child Experience Measures (ACEMs): ACEM—Symptom and ACEM—Impact. ACEM—Symptom was comprised of eight major symptoms/complications including pain (58%), ear infections/fluid in ear (56%), and low stamina/tiring easily (56%). ACEM—Impact consisted of 31 major impacts in the domains of daily functioning, emotional well‐being, social well‐being, and need for assistance/adaptive devices. Impacts on functioning included difficulty reaching objects/high places (89%) and toileting (67%). Emotional impacts included feeling different (53%) and feeling frustrated/annoyed (47%). Social impacts included difficulty participating in sports/physical play (86%) and being treated as younger than age (83%). Following CD interviews with 16 additional parents, validation‐ready ACEM measures were generated. The study improves our understanding of the experiences of children with achondroplasia and provides evidence supporting the content validity of the ACEMs. Validated ACEMs may be used to assess potential benefits of future treatments for comorbidities of achondroplasia.
Expanding the phenotype of biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the NSUN2 gene: Description of four individuals with juvenile cataract, chronic nephritis, or brain anomaly as novel complications
Authors: Kato Kohji , Mizuno Seiji , Morton Jenny , Toyama Miho , Hara Yuichiro , Wasmer Evangeline , Lehmann Alan , Ogi Tomoo
Published: October 2020

The NSUN2 gene encodes a tRNA cytosine methyltransferase that functions in the maturation of leucyl tRNA (Leu) (CAA) precursors, which is crucial for the anticodon‐codon pairing and correct translation of mRNA. Biallelic loss of function variants in NSUN2 are known to cause moderate to severe intellectual disability. Microcephaly, postnatal growth retardation, and dysmorphic facial features are common complications in this genetic disorder, and delayed puberty is occasionally observed. Here, we report four individuals, two sets of siblings, with biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the NSUN2 gene. The first set of siblings have compound heterozygous frameshift variants: c.546_547insCT, p.Met183Leufs*13; c.1583del, p.Pro528Hisfs*19, and the other siblings carry a homozygous frameshift variant: c.1269dup, p.Val424Cysfs*14. In addition to previously reported clinical features, the first set of siblings showed novel complications of juvenile cataract and chronic nephritis. The other siblings showed hypomyelination and simplified gyral pattern in neuroimaging. NSUN2‐related intellectual disability is a very rare condition, and less than 20 cases have been reported previously. Juvenile cataract, chronic nephritis, and brain anomaly shown in the present patients have not been previously described. Our report suggests clinical diversity of NSUN2‐related intellectual disability.
The odyssey of complex neurogenetic disorders: From undetermined to positive
Authors: Salinas Valeria , Vega Patricia , Marsili Luca , Pérez‐Maturo Josefina , Martínez Nerina , Zavala Lucia , González‐Morón Dolores , Medina Nancy , Rodriguez‐Quiroga Sergio A. , Amartino Hernán , Maxit Clarisa , Sturchio Andrea , Grimberg Barbara , Duque Kevin , Comas Betiana , Silva Walter , Consalvo Damián , Sfaello Ignacio , Espay Alberto J. , Kauffman Marcelo A.
Published: October 2020

The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of neurogenetic diseases forces patients and their families into a “diagnostic odyssey.” An increase in the variability of genetic disorders and the corresponding gene‐disease associations suggest the need to periodically re‐evaluate the significance of variants of undetermined pathogenicity. Here, we report the diagnostic and clinical utility of Targeted Gene Panel Sequencing (TGPS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) in 341 patients with suspected neurogenetic disorders from centers in Buenos Aires and Cincinnati over the last 4 years, focusing on the usefulness of reinterpreting variants previously classified as of uncertain significance. After a mean of ±2years (IC 95:0.73–3.27), approximately 30% of the variants of uncertain significance were reclassified as pathogenic. The use of next generation sequencing methods has facilitated the identification of both germline and mosaic pathogenic variants, expanding the diagnostic yield. These results demonstrate the high clinical impact of periodic reanalysis of undetermined variants in clinical neurology.
Engineering Regioselectivity of a P450 Monooxygenase Enables the Synthesis of Ursodeoxycholic Acid via 7β‐Hydroxylation of Lithocholic Acid
Authors: Grobe Sascha , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Bayer Thomas , Hamnevik Emil , Wu Shuke , Grathwol Christoph W. , Link Andreas , Koban Sven , Brundiek Henrike , Großjohann Beatrice , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: October 2020

We engineered the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP) from Streptomyces antibioticus for the stereo‐ and regioselective 7β‐hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA) to yield ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). OleP was previously shown to hydroxylate testosterone at the 7β‐position but LCA is exclusively hydroxylated at the 6β‐position, forming murideoxycholic acid (MDCA). Structural and 3DM analysis, and molecular docking were used to identify amino acid residues F84, S240, and V291 as specificity‐determining residues. Alanine scanning identified S240A as a UDCA‐producing variant. A synthetic “small but smart” library based on these positions was screened using a colorimetric assay for UDCA. We identified a nearly perfectly regio‐ and stereoselective triple mutant (F84Q/S240A/V291G) that produces 10‐fold higher levels of UDCA than the S240A variant. This biocatalyst opens up new possibilities for the environmentally friendly synthesis of UDCA from the biological waste product LCA.
Dearomatizing [4+1] Spiroannulation of Naphthols: Discovery of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials
Authors: Liang Wenbo , Yang Yudong , Yang Mufan , Zhang Min , Li Chengming , Ran You , Lan Jingbo , Bin Zhengyang , You Jingsong
Published: October 2020

Disclosed here is a palladium‐catalyzed direct [4+1] spiroannulation of ortho‐C−H bonds of naphthols with cyclic diaryliodonium salts to construct spirofluorenyl naphthalenones (SFNP) under mild reaction conditions. This spiroannulation directly transforms the hydroxy group into a carbonyl group, and also tolerates reactive functional groups such as the halo groups, which provide an opportunity to rapidly assemble structurally new thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials that feature a carbonyl group with an adjacent spirofluorenyl unit as the acceptor. As an illustrated example, the OLED device utilizing the assembled DMAC‐SFNP as the host material exhibits a low turn‐on voltage of 2.5 V and an ultra‐high external quantum efficiency of 32.2 %. This work provides inspiration for structurally new TADF materials, and also displays the potential of C−H activation as a synthetic strategy for the innovation of optoelectronic materials.
Photoinduced Dearomatizing Three‐Component Coupling of Arylphosphines, Alkenes, and Water
Authors: Masuda Yusuke , Tsuda Hiromu , Murakami Masahiro
Published: October 2020

A unique photoinduced reaction that couples a triarylphosphine, an alkene, and water to produce 2‐(cyclohexa‐2,5‐dienyl)ethylphosphine oxide is reported herein. The alkene inserts into a C(aryl)−P bond of the arylphosphine, the aryl ring is dearomatized into the cyclohexadienyl ring, and the phosphorus is oxidized. The three components are all readily available, and their intermolecular coupling significantly increases molecular complexity. The products formed are applicable to the Wittig olefination.
Delivery of a Masked Uranium(II) by an Oxide‐Bridged Diuranium(III) Complex
Authors: Modder Dieuwertje K. , Palumbo Chad T. , Douair Iskander , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Maron Laurent , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: October 2020

Oxide is an attractive linker for building polymetallic complexes that provide molecular models for metal oxide activity, but studies of these systems are limited to metals in high oxidation states. Herein, we synthesized and characterized the molecular and electronic structure of diuranium bridged UIII/UIV and UIII/UIII complexes. Reactivity studies of these complexes revealed that the U−O bond is easily broken upon addition of N‐heterocycles resulting in the delivery of a formal equivalent of UIII and UII, respectively, along with the uranium(IV) terminal‐oxo coproduct. In particular, the UIII/UIII oxide complex effects the reductive coupling of pyridine and two‐electron reduction of 4,4′‐bipyridine affording unique examples of diuranium(III) complexes bridged by N‐heterocyclic redox‐active ligands. These results provide insight into the chemistry of low oxidation state metal oxides and demonstrate the use of oxo‐bridged UIII/UIII complexes as a strategy to explore UII reactivity.