bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Thermoelastic Interaction in a Polymeric Orthotropic Medium Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Abbas Ibrahim , Hobiny Aatef , Alshehri Hashim , Vlase Sorin , Marin Marin
Published: May 2022

In this work, the finite element technique is employed to evaluate the effects of thermal relaxation durations on temperature, displacements, and stresses in a two-dimensional, polymeric, orthotropic, elastic medium. The problem is considered in a homogeneous, polymeric, orthotropic medium in the context of the Green and Lindsay model with two thermal relaxation times. The bounding surface of the half-space was subjected to a heat flux with an exponentially decaying pulse. Finite element techniques were used to solve the governing formulations, with eight-node isoparametric rectangular elements with three degrees of freedom (DOF) per node. The developed method was calculated using numerical results applied to the polymeric, orthotropic medium. The findings were implemented and visually shown. Finally, the results were displayed to demonstrate the differences between classical dynamic coupling (CT), the Lord–Shulman (LS) and the Green and Lindsay (GL) models.
Challenging Identity: Kierkegaard, Bias, and Intersectionality
Authors: Rosfort René
Published: May 2022

Kierkegaard was deeply biased and his philosophy is marred by these biases. The argument of this article is that we need to address Kierkegaard’s biases in order to bring out the relevance of his work on human identity in the 21st century. Rather than investigate a specific biased topic, I want to articulate the way in which Kierkegaard’s biases present a serious problem for his account of identity, in particular with regard to his concepts of eternity and freedom. I spend the first part of this article examining problems in Kierkegaard’s approach to identity before turning to the strengths of his work in the second part. I use Theodor W. Adorno’s critique of Kierkegaard and Michael Theunissen’s development of this critique to bring out both the weaknesses and the strengths of Kierkegaard’s approach to the challenges of human identity.
When the Challenges of Widowhood Extend to Childcare: Essential Considerations for Social Work Practice
Authors: Dube Misheck
Published: May 2022

Unless widows recount their painful experiences of caring for their children, their day-to day lived challenges of childcare may be misunderstood if not totally missed by social workers in practice. This article discusses the widow’s painful experiences of caring for their children in Binga District in Zimbabwe and the critical aspects needed for consideration by social workers in practice. A qualitative research approach using a phenomenological research design was adopted to capture the lived struggles of the widows in caring for their children. Using purposive sampling, twenty-four widows participated in the in-depth interviews, with ten widows participating in individual interviews whilst fourteen widows participated in two separate focus group interviews with seven widows in each group. Data were analysed thematically with predetermined and emerging themes critically discussed and compared with existing literature. The findings showed that due to dwindling resource bases, widows are bound to fail to meet the physiological, psychosocial, economic and educational needs of their children. The article recommends deliberate and systematic social work considerations in efforts to intervene and avert the circumstances of the widows that have a negative impact on childcare.
Exploring the Potential of Straw Biochar for Environmentally Friendly Fertilizers
Authors: Velichkova Rositsa , Pushkarov Martin , Angelova Radostina A. , Sandov Ognyan , Markov Detelin , Simova Iskra , Stankov Peter
Published: May 2022

The pyrolysis of wheat straw in order to produce biochar for soil amendment is a potential strategy for producing environmental friendly fertilizers capable of boosting soil fertility, increasing carbon storage, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, straw biochar’s potential to influence these aspects may vary depending on its properties. Our study sought to investigate biochar from wheat straw from three different regions in Bulgaria. A specially designed set up was used for the biochar production. Three pyrolytic temperatures (300, 400, and 500 °C) were applied, resulting in nine biochar samples. The specific characteristics included moisture content, volatile substances content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and joint ash and carbon content, and they were determined for each sample. The chemical content, resulting in 17 chemical elements and compounds, was measured and analysed. The results obtained showed that the produced straw biochar has the potential to be used as a fertilizer and soil supplement.
Heterogeneity of Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Nitrogen in the Karst Rocky Desertification Soils and Its Implications for Ecosystem Service Support of the Desertification Control—A Literature Review
Authors: Wan Panteng , Xiong Kangning , Zhang Le
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the study of soil nitrogen distribution (SND) in rocky desertification control ecosystems has increased exponentially. Rocky desertification experiences severe environmental degradation due to its fragile nature, and understanding rocky desertification soil nitrogen (SN) is critical for ecosystem services (ES) to support sustainable development. From the perspective of bibliometrics, this paper systematically, comprehensively, qualitatively and quantitatively describes the progress, trends and hotspots of SND in the field of rocky desertification environment. The results show that: 97.40% of the document type is “Article”; the study of rocky desertification SND shows the characteristics of rapid growth, the volume of published articles in the past three years accounted for 34.30% of the total; active countries are mainly China, Germany, United States, Sweden, Finland, etc. The research hotspots in this field include karst and nitrogen, and the future research hotspots tend to focus on karst rocky desertification ecosystem, soil nutrients and vegetation diversity in south China. It is suggested to construct SN management strategy suitable for rocky desertification fragile ecosystems in the future, strengthen theoretical research and comprehensively understand the characteristics of rocky desertification control ecosystem to put forward sustainable management strategy according to local conditions.
Iraqi Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Vaccinating Their Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Qerem Walid , Jarab Anan , Hammad Alaa , Alasmari Fawaz , Ling Jonathan , Alsajri Alaa Hussein , Al-Hishma Shadan Waleed , Abu Heshmeh Shrouq R.
Published: May 2022

The focus of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaigns has been the adult population, particularly the elderly and those with chronic diseases. However, COVID-19 can also affect children and adolescents. Furthermore, targeting this population can accelerate the attainment of herd immunity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate parental intentions to vaccinate their children and the variables associated with them. An online questionnaire was circulated via generic Iraqi Facebook groups to explore parental intentions regarding the vaccination of their children. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted to evaluate variables associated with parental vaccination acceptance. A total of 491 participants completed the study questionnaire. Only 38.3% of the participants were willing to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, while the rest either refused to vaccinate their children (35.6%) or were unsure whether they would (26.1%). Participants’ perceptions about the effectiveness (OR = 0.726, 95% CI = 0.541–0.975, p = 0.033) and safety (OR = 0.435, 95% CI = 0.330–0.574, p < 0.0001) of COVID-19 vaccines were significantly associated with parental acceptance of having children vaccinated. Participants who had received or who were planning to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly less likely to reject vaccinating their children (OR = 0.156, 95% CI = 0.063–0.387, p < 0.0001). There is high refusal/hesitancy among Iraqi parents to vaccinate their children, which is associated with concerns related to the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. More efforts, including educational and awareness campaigns to promote the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, should be made to increase parental acceptance of childhood COVID-19 vaccinations in Iraq.
GPs’ perspectives on diagnosing childhood urinary tract infections: a qualitative study
Authors: Boon Hanne Ann , Van den Bruel Ann , Verbakel Jan Y
Published: May 2022

Background

Diagnosis and management of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) is challenging in general practice because of a range of factors.

Aim

To explore GPs’ perspectives concerning the barriers to and facilitators for diagnosis and management of childhood UTI.

Design and setting

Qualitative study in general practice in Belgium.

Method

Semi-structured interviews with 23 GPs from January 2021 to June 2021 were carried out. Interviews were video-recorded and audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

The barriers to early diagnosis of UTI were the assumption of low UTI prevalence and aspecific presentation of UTI in children, difficulties in urine collection, and diagnostic uncertainty. All GPs indicated that they sampled urine in either children with specific UTI features (for example, dysuria, abdominal pain) or unexplained fever. Facilitators for UTI screening were instructional material for parents, skill training for GPs, additional nursing staff, novel non-invasive convenient collection methods, online decision support informing parents when to bring a urine sample to the consultation, and an accurate, easy-to-use point-of-care test for UTI. Empirical antibiotic treatment was initiated based on dipstick test results, clinical features suggestive of UTI, severity of illness, gut feeling, long duration of fever, time of the day, and parents’ ability to judge disease severity.

Conclusion

The assumption of a low UTI prevalence, absence of obvious UTI features, and difficult urine sampling might cause childhood UTIs to go undetected in general practice. Diagnostic uncertainty makes appropriate treatment challenging.
Implementing video group consultations in general practice during COVID-19: a qualitative study
Authors: Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Shaw Sara , Greenhalgh Trisha
Published: May 2022

Background

Group consultations have been gaining ground as a novel approach to service delivery. When in-person care was restricted owing to COVID-19, general practice staff began delivering group consultations remotely over video.

Aim

To examine how multiple interacting influences underpinned implementation and delivery of video group consultations (VGCs).

Design and setting

Qualitative study in general practice in England.

Method

a) 32 semi-structured interviews with patients, clinical, and non-clinical staff (from eight GP surgeries in total), NHS policymakers and programme managers, and other stakeholders; b) observation in relevant training and operational meetings; and c) three co-design workshops (21 participants). Thematic analysis was informed by the Planning and Evaluating Remote Consulting Services (PERCS) framework.

Results

In the first year of the pandemic, VGCs focused on supporting those with long-term conditions or other shared health and social needs. Most patients welcomed clinical and peer input, and the opportunity to access their practice remotely during lockdown. However, not everyone agreed to engage in group-based care or was able to access IT equipment. At practice level, significant work was needed to deliver VGCs, such as setting up the digital infrastructure, gaining team buy-in, developing new patient-facing online facilitation roles, managing background operational processes, protecting online confidentiality, and ensuring professional indemnity cover. Training provided nationally was seen as instrumental in capacity building for VGC implementation.

Conclusion

Small scale VGC implementation addressed unmet need during the pandemic. However, embedding VGCs in routine care requires rethinking of operational, infrastructural, and clinical processes. Additional research on costs and benefits at service and patient level is needed.
Communication skills of general practitioners in Nairobi, Kenya: a descriptive observational study
Authors: Mohamoud Gulnaz , Mash Robert
Published: May 2022

Background

High-quality primary care needs to be person-centred, and GPs must communicate effectively to ensure continuity and coordination of care. In Kenya, there is little knowledge about the quality of communication in consultations by GPs.

Aim

To evaluate the quality of communication in consultations by GPs.

Design & setting

Descriptive, observational study of 23 GP consultations in 13 private sector primary care facilities in Nairobi, Kenya.

Method

One consultation with a randomly selected adult patient was recorded per GP, and 16 communication skills evaluated with the Stellenbosch University Observation Tool (SUOT). A total percentage score was calculated per consultation, and compared with the GPs’ demographics and the consultation complexity and duration using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25).

Results

The GPs’ median age was 30.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29.0–32.0) and median consultation time was 7.0 minutes (IQR 3.0–9.0). Median overall score was 64.3% (IQR 48.4–75.7). GPs demonstrated skills in gathering information, making and explaining the diagnosis, and suggesting appropriate management. GPs did not make an appropriate introduction, explore the context or patients‘ perspectives, allow shared decision making, or provide adequate safety netting. There was a positive correlation between the scores and duration of the consultations (r = 0.680; P = 0.001). The score was higher in consultations of moderate complexity (78.1, IQR 57.1–86.7) versus low complexity (52.2, IQR 45.1–66.6) (P = 0.012).

Conclusion

Consultations were brief and biomedical by young GPs. GPs need further training in communication skills, particularly with regard to delivering person-centred consultations. Deploying family physicians to the primary care setting would also improve the overall quality of service delivery.
Using Human-Centered Design Principles to Create a Decision Aid on Conservative Kidney Management for Advanced Kidney Disease
Authors: Wong Susan P.Y. , Oestreich Taryn , Chandler Bridgett , Curtis J. Randall
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Human-centered design supported a systematic and collaborative approach to developing a decision aid on conservative kidney management.

The current decision aid is designed to be used as an adjunct to currently available educational tools on treatments for advanced kidney disease.

The decision aid will require ongoing iteration as more evidence for conservative kidney management emerges.

Background

Most patients are unaware of approaches to treating advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) other than dialysis.

Methods

We developed a dedicated decision aid on conservative kidney management using human-centered design principles in three phases: (1) discovery: engagement of informants to understand their needs and preferences; (2) design: multiple rapid cycles of ideation, prototyping, and testing of a decision aid with a small group of informants; and (3) implementation: testing the decision aid in real-world settings with attention to how the decision aid can be further refined. Informants included a national patient advisory committee on kidney diseases, 50 patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD and 35 of their family members, and 16 clinicians recruited from the greater Seattle area between June 2019 and September 2021.

Results

Findings from the discovery phase informed an initial prototype of the decision aid, which included five sections: a description of kidney disease and its signs and symptoms, an overview of conservative kidney management and the kinds of supports provided, self-reflection exercises to elicit patients’ values and goals, the pros and cons of conservative kidney management, and the option of changing one’s mind about conservative kidney management. The prototype underwent several rounds of iteration during its design phase, which resulted in the addition of an introductory section describing the intended audience and more detailed information in other sections. Findings from its implementation phase led to the addition of examples of common questions that patients and family members had about conservative kidney management and a final section on other related educational resources.

Conclusions

Human-centered design principles supported a systematic and collaborative approach between researchers, patients, family members, and clinicians for developing a decision aid on conservative kidney management.
Refractoriness of Hyperkalemia and Hyperphosphatemia in Dialysis-Dependent AKI Associated with COVID-19
Authors: Kanduri Swetha R. , Ramanand Akanksh , Varghese Vipin , Wen Yuang , Mohamed Muner M.B. , Velez Juan Carlos Q.
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Refractory persistent hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia are more frequent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) AKI requiring RRT compared with the pre-COVID-19 era.

Patients with CoV-AKI-RRT had elevated serum potassium and serum phosphate that correlated with lactate dehydrogenase levels.

Intracellular ion release due to cytokine storm and RRT interruptions in CoV-AKI patients may account for elevated serum potassium and phosphate.

Background

Persistent hyperkalemia (hyperK) and hyperphosphatemia (hyperP) despite renal replacement therapy (RRT) was anecdotally reported in COVID-19 and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring RRT (CoV-AKI-RRT). However, observation bias could have accounted for the reports. Thus, we systematically examined the rate and severity of hyperK and hyperP in patients with CoV-AKI-RRT in comparison with the pre-COVID-19 era.

Methods

We identified patients with CoV-AKI-RRT treated with sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) for ≥2 days in March–April 2020. As pre-COVID-19 control, we included patients with AKI treated with SLED in December 2019. We examined the rates of hyperK (serum potassium [sK] ≥5.5 mEq/L), severe hyperK (sK ≥6.5 mEq/L), hyperP (serum phosphate [sP] ≥4.5 mg/dl), and moderate or severe hyperP (sP ≥7–10 and >10 mg/dl, respectively) as %SLED-days with an event.

Results

Along the duration of SLED, the incidence of hyperK was greater in CoV-AKI-RRT (n=64; mean 19%±2% versus 14%±3% SLED-days, P=0.002) compared with control (n=60). The proportion of patients with one or more event of severe hyperK was greater in CoV-AKI (33% versus 7%, P<0.001). The incidence of hyperP was similar between groups (mean 56%±4% versus 53%±5% SLED-days, P=0.49). However, the proportion of patients with one or more event of moderate and severe hyperP was greater in CoV-AKI-RRT (86% versus 60%, P=0.001, and 50% versus 18%, P<0.001, respectively). Among those with CoV-AKI-RRT, sK and sP correlated with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; r=0.31, P=0.04, and r=0.31, P=0.04, respectively), whereas hyperP also correlated with shorter SLED runs (hours/run; r=–0.27, P=0.05).

Conclusions

Refractory hyperK and hyperP were more frequent in CoV-AKI-RRT compared with the pre-COVID-19 era. Because of the correlation of sK and sP with higher LDH and sP with shorter SLED runs, intracellular ion release from cell injury due to cytokine storm and RRT interruptions may account for the findings.
Temporal Changes in Electrolytes, Acid-Base, QTc Duration, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound during Inpatient Hemodialysis Sessions
Authors: Ravi Katherine Scovner , Espersen Caroline , Curtis Katherine A. , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Jering Karola S. , Prasad Narayana G. , Platz Elke , Mc Causland Finnian R.
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Serum chemistry levels, sonographic metrics of extra-vascular volume, and QTc durations are dynamic during HD.

This research provides comprehensive data on the dynamic changes in physiology during the course of contemporary HD sessions.

This research illustrates methods for performing point-of-care ultrasound which may enhance volume management for HD patients in the future.

Background

Of the more than 550,000 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in the United States, each has an average of 1.6 admissions annually (>880,000 inpatient HD sessions). Little is known about the temporal changes in laboratory values, ECGs, and intravascular and extravascular volume during inpatient HD sessions.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study of hospitalized HD patients, we assessed intradialytic laboratory values (metabolic panels, blood gases, ionized calcium levels), ECGs, and sonographic measures of volume status.

Results

Among 30 participants undergoing HD (mean age 62 years; 53% men, 43% Black) laboratory values had the largest changes in the first hour of HD. There was no significant change in ionized calcium levels pre- to post-HD (change: –0.01±0.07, P=0.24); 12 of 30 and 17 of 30 patients had levels below the lower reference limit at the beginning and end of HD, respectively. The mean pH increased pre- to post-HD (change: 0.06±0.04, P<0.001); 21 of 30 had a pH above the upper reference limit post-HD. There was a trend toward longer median QTc duration from pre- to post-HD (change: 7.5 msec [–5 msec, 19 msec], P=0.07). The sum of B lines on lung ultrasound decreased from pre- to post-HD (median decrease: 3 [1, 7], P<0.01). The collapsibility index of the inferior vena cava increased pre- to post-HD (median increase: 4.8% [1.5%, 13.4%], P=0.01), whereas internal jugular vein diameter did not change (P=0.24).

Conclusions

Among hospitalized patients undergoing HD, we found dynamic changes in laboratory values, QTc duration, and volume status. Further research is required to assess whether HD prescriptions can be tailored to alter these variations to potentially improve patient outcomes.
The Integration of Diabetic Eye Screening into Hemodialysis Units in Northern Ireland
Authors: Cushley Laura N. , Quinn Nicola B. , Blows Peter , McKeever Edward , Peto Tunde
Published: May 2022

Key Points

Previous literature shows people with type 2 diabetes and CKD are more likely to have sight-threatening retinopathy.

Our study shows that many people attending for dialysis often fail to attend their annual diabetic eye screening appointments.

High levels of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy were found in people on dialysis, showing the importance of screening in these clinics.

Background

Diabetes is rising globally and is the most common cause of both end-stage renal disease and blindness. People on hemodialysis have to attend several dialysis appointments per week, which can affect their attendance at diabetic eye screening. In addition, previous literature suggests patients on hemodialysis are more likely to have sight-threatening diabetic eye disease. This study aims to determine attendance at the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland, diabetic retinopathy severity, and use of handheld retinal imaging in people with diabetes attending hemodialysis units in Northern Ireland.

Methods

All patients with diabetes attending hemodialysis clinics regionally were screened and graded by the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland using a handheld and/or conventional nonmydriatic fundus camera.

Results

All eligible people (N=149) were offered a Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland appointment, 132 attended, 34% of whom had not been seen in >3 years and 15% of whom had never attended the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland despite multiple previous appointments. Altogether, 13% required urgent referral to hospital eye services, which is significantly higher than the national average of 0.4%.

Conclusions

Those on hemodialysis are at high risk for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Implementing the Diabetic Eye Screening Program in Northern Ireland in hemodialysis clinics enables timely diagnosis and referral.
Probabilistic Approach to the Future Course of Fiscal Stability in Turkey: 1958 – 2025
Authors: CAN Cansın Kemal
Published: May 2022

This study gauges the fiscal stability in Turkey with a forward-looking approach using the fan-chart as a tool. Succinctly speaking, this tool portrays the probability distribution of each public debt realization in the forecast horizon. We construct this chart by simulating the debt/GDP ratio one thousand times using the bootstrapped error terms within a five-year forecast horizon. Our findings indicate that the AR(1) coefficient in the data generating process has a value less than unity which implies overall fiscal stability via an implosive debt pattern. Also, the simulation results indicate that the baseline scenario is around 25 % for the debt/GDP ratio over the forecast horizon and even in the worst-case scenario, the debt/GDP ratio is not likely to exceed 40 % level with a probability of 90 %.
Identification of natural product inhibitors of de novo lipogenesis enzymes as an anti-cancer strategy: An in silico approach
Authors: Arunasalam Mirushan , Chong Vivian , Mareshvaran Sharanya Ranee , Yee Venessa Ngui Fern , Gaurav Anand , Salvamani Shamala , Lim Crystale Siew Ying , Gunasekaran Baskaran
Published: May 2022

Dysregulation of the metabolic pathways is fundamental to cancer formation. The differential expression and activation of de novo fatty acid synthase (FASN) and lipogenesis enzymes ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) have been observed in various cancer types making them a promising metabolic target in cancer therapy. Natural products (NP) are a major contributor to the development of novel non-toxic anti-tumour drugs with greater efficiency. An attempt has been made in this study to identify potent orally active ACLY and FASN inhibitors from Universal Natural Product Database (UNPD) through virtual screening (VS). The VS resulted in the discovery of two hit compounds UNPD 80894 and UNPD 100156 as inhibitors of ACLY and FASN respectively. Molecular docking revealed that UNPD 80894 and UNPD 100156 bind at the substrate binding site of ACLY and the entry channel of FASN with a docking score of -8.0 kcal/mol and -5.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Identified hit compounds also obeyed the Rule of Three (RO3) thus making them possible candidates for future fragment-based drug design studies. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) analysis of the hits predicted desirable pharmacokinetic profiles with no aberrant toxicity. The anti-cancer potentialities of the hits were also analysed using the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) prediction tool which predicted the potential of UNPD 80894 as an inhibitor of ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase and UNPD 100156 as a lipoprotein lipase inhibitor and probable application in preneoplastic conditions treatment. These two natural compounds are proposed as potential candidates for the development of a novel ACLY and FASN inhibitors in this study.
Dinâmicas urbanas e ambientais, representações sociais e práticas docentes
Authors: Monteiro Scabello Andrea Lourdes , Araújo da Silva Viana Bartira , de Moura Fé Lima Iracilde Maria , de Araújo Raimundo Lenilde
Published: May 2022

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia (PPGGEO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí apresenta orgulhosamente o volume 3 da série Geografia em Debate. Esta obra, focada em pesquisas que se enquadram na temática dinâmicas urbanas e ambientais, assim como nas representações sociais e práticas docentes, traz 10 capítulos originados das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelos estudantes e professores vinculados ao Programa. Mais do que um apanhado destas pesquisas, a série contribui com subsídios para uma mais bem embasada discussão sobre as diferentes interpretações das transformações no ambiente urbano e natural. Também discorre sobre as experiências e sentimentos de pertencimento ao espaço, dando sentido ao conceito de lugar geográfico. Aborda ainda as representações sociais de aspectos espaciais, a problemática do livro didático e o papel que o professor de Geografia pode e deve desempenhar na formação de cidadãos conscientes de tais desafios.
Natureza e sociedade: múltiplos olhares geográficos
Authors: Sabóia de Aquino Cláudia Maria , Gomes de Assis Silva Edvania , Oliveira Brito Portela Mugiany
Published: May 2022

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia (PPGGEO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí apresenta orgulhosamente o volume 4 da série Geografia em Debate. Esta obra, focada em pesquisas que se enquadram na temática natureza e sociedade, sob múltiplos olhares geográficos, traz 6 capítulos originados das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelos estudantes e professores vinculados ao Programa. Mais do que um apanhado destas pesquisas, a série contribui com subsídios para uma mais bem embasada discussão tanto sobre as riquezas naturais e socioambientais piauienses, bem como, questões socioambientais nas quais a relação homem-natureza se manifesta e requerem análises e soluções.
Dinâmicas ambientais-urbanas e formação docente no espaço geográfico piauiense
Authors: Monteiro Scabello Andrea Lourdes , Araújo da Silva Viana Bartira , Silva Albuquerque Emanuel Lindemberg
Published: May 2022

O livro Geografia em debate, v. 5, reuniu uma série de artigos nos quais os diversos conceitos, fenômenos, eventos e estratégias foram discutidos e relacionados aos estudos regionais e geoambientais, bem como ao ensino da geografia. Assim, a leitura desta obra permite ao interessado a oportunidade de aprender sobre os aspectos geoambientais e as práticas geográficas com uma linguagem mais acessível e dinâmica. A compreensão do ensino da Geografia e de uma dinâmica ambiental visando à compreensão das relações entre a natureza e a sociedade pode ser analisada utilizando os elementos que compõem a paisagem geográfica e suas inter-relações, tornando-se fundamental para apresentar trabalhos de reflexões, de pesquisas, de diálogos, de estudos e de práticas cotidianas que abrangem a produção acadêmica. Os autores de cada capítulo estabeleceram ampla conexão de seus assuntos com os demais capítulos do livro, trazendo ainda sugestões para leitura aprofundada. Este livro é, sem dúvidas, uma importante fonte de dados e informações para estudantes, professores e demais interessados. Por um lado, a obra aborda um conjunto de estudos regionais e características geoambientais, com base em dinâmicas e transformações territoriais, eventos extremos do ambiente urbano, fragilidade ambiental e vulnerabilidade ambiental. Por outro, o livro enfatiza o ensino da Geografia na medida em que prioriza o papel da escola e das práticas geográficas docentes. Parabéns aos organizadoras e autores que merecem elogios por aceitarem esse desafio e alcançarem admiravelmente seus objetivos.
Potential Years of Life Lost in the Population of the Orenburg Region in 2019–2020
Authors: Duisembaeva AN , Borshchuk EL , Begun DN
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Along with the mortality rate, the indicator of Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) is used to assess health losses in the population. Objective: To assess the structure and rates of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and to estimate the number of potential years of life lost due to this category of disorders in the population of the Orenburg Region. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of deaths registered among the population of the Orenburg Region in 2010– 2020 using a depersonalized database of medical death certificates within the mortality monitoring system of the Medical Information and Analytical Center of the Orenburg Region. The results were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric methods. Potential years of life lost due to the diseases of the circulatory system were estimated by 5-year age groups for the population aged 18–75 in the years 2019 and 2020. Results: We established that the greatest demographic and socio-economic damage was caused by the diseases of the circulatory system, external causes of death, and neoplasms. We also estimated that in 2019, the mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system was 633.7 per 100,000 population, i.e. 0.7 % lower than that in 2018 (638.2 per 100,000). In 2010–2020, the circulatory disease mortality rate was the highest in 2010 (842.0 per 100,000 population) and the lowest in 2016 (608.2 per 100,000). The average age of the deceased was 72.9 ± 13.8 years, and we observed its increase from 72.0 ± 10.9 years in 2019 to 73.6 ± 9.4 years in the year 2020 (p = 0.014). In 2019, the indicator of premature mortality was 30,895 and 10,515 years for men and women, including 24,323 and 5,404 potential years of life lost in working-age men and women (< 59 and < 54 years of age), respectively. In 2020, the number of PYLL rose to 39,425 and 16,868 years in men and women, respectively. We found significant age and sex differences in the level of losses from premature mortality. Conclusion: Our findings show that the regional mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system in 2010–2020 exceeded the national averages. The structure of causes of death from diseases of the circulatory system did not change. In 2020, the number of potential years of life lost increased compared to 2019 and was more than twice as high for men than for women.
PRACTICE OF DIGITALIZATION OF DOMESTIC AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Memetov Aiiar
Published: May 2022

The main theoretical and practical aspects of the digital transformation of agro-industrial enterprises are considered in the article. In the course of the research the levels of digitalization of agro-industrial enterprises were determined, where the transformation of production relations of participants in the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises is carried out. The main modern digital technologies used in agrarian business are systematized.
The specifics of digitalization of agro-industrial production depending on the segment of the digital economy, in particular, the sector of information and communication technologies and e-business infrastructure is determined; digital production and e-business, including industry, ie the processes of a business organization using computer networks; e-commerce, ie retail online sales of goods. The directions of digital transformation of agricultural enterprises are analyzed and the leading agricultural holdings of Ukraine that are leaders in digitalization are identified, in particular Kernel, Nibulon, Myronivsky Hliboproduct, UkrLandFarming, Astarta.
The role of effective digital strategy in the digital transformations of agricultural enterprises is proved. An example of "Agroprodservice" business digitalization strategy formation is considered.
E-GOVERNANCE IN THE MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Authors: Mykhalchenko Oleksii
Published: May 2022

The article reveals the features of the process of development of information and communication technologies (ICT), and with them e-government, which in turn affects the state-building processes. ICTs are becoming more accessible to increase simplicity and efficiency in many areas of life. ICT is particularly promising in the field of governance and public participation. Proponents of open and e-government believe that in the digital age, governments can use information to reduce corruption and increase government transparency, accountability, efficiency, and citizen participation. Proponents of human rights argue that the successful use of ICT in governance requires access to information, education and the ability to share information with citizens. One of the main goals of e-government is to increase the level of citizen involvement in state activities and government decision-making. This goal is achieved through openness and transparency of public authorities and local governments. Citizens' trust and support of the government play a key role in the formation and successful support of a democratic state. The world revolution in information and communication technologies is currently underway. The Internet, the personal computer and the mobile phone are radically changing our lives – influencing how we work, learn and interact. Governments around the world recognize the value of e-government. With the right design and implementation, e-government can increase the efficiency of public services, simplify government regulation, strengthen public participation and trust in government, and save money for citizens, businesses and government itself. Not surprisingly, politicians and leaders seek to introduce e-government in countries around the world – from the most developed to the least developed. The use of information technology by public authorities (such as global networks, the Internet and mobile computers), which have the ability to transform relationships with citizens, businesses and other branches of government. These technologies can serve a variety of purposes: better delivery of public services to citizens, better interaction with business and industry, empowering citizens through access to information, or better governance. Its benefits can be reduced corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, increased revenue, and / or reduced costs.
ACCOUNTING OF REGISTERED CAPITAL IN ENTERPRISES WITH FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
Authors: Tsiutsiak Ihor , Tsiutsiak Andriy
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes the norms of current legislation in the field of foreign direct investment and taxation of transactions caused by the introduction of founding foreign investment. The essence of enterprises with foreign investments is revealed and the manifestations of foreign investment are determined. The procedure for making foreign investments in the authorized capital of business structures is outlined. Forms of foreign investment are described. The sources of equity formation of enterprises with foreign investments are given. Peculiarities of deposits to enterprises with foreign investments are determined. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the founders of enterprises with foreign investment have the opportunity to make contributions to the authorized capital with both cash and non-financial assets. The procedure for evaluating founding investments has been studied. The order of accounting reflection of formation of the authorized capital of the enterprises with foreign investments is outlined. The peculiarities of accounting and reporting of the founders' contributions to the authorized capital of enterprises with foreign investment are revealed. It is determined that the recognition of liabilities of non-resident founders for contributions to the authorized capital in foreign currency are both monetary and non-monetary balance sheet items. The method of accounting for positive and negative exchange rate differences is presented.
Goal. Elucidation of the order of accounting reflection of the authorized capital at the enterprises with foreign investments and expression of offers on improvement of the account of the researched object.
Method (methodology). General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction), empirical theoretical (formalization, hypothetical) and empirical methodological methods of research (computational and analytical, implementation of results in practice, reporting of economic activity).
Results. In order to accurately account for information on exchange differences, recognition of the founders' obligations on contributions to the authorized capital in foreign currency, it is proposed to reflect them in a separate analytical account, which should be opened in sub-account 423 "Accumulated exchange differences". Proposals have been made to improve the order of reflection in the accounting system of enterprises with foreign investment, exchange rate differences recognized as a result of revaluation of liabilities of non-resident founders on contributions to the registered capital.
MARKET APPROACH TO INTERCHANGE COMMISSION REGULATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Authors: Sarakhman Oksana , Shurpenkova Ruslana , Kalaitan Tatiana , Sidelnyk Оlena , Grudzevuch Uljana
Published: May 2022

Introduction. In Ukraine the lion's share of the commission fee for the services of the acquiring institution (the cost of trade acquiring) is the interchange fee (60% – 75%) – interbank exchange fee paid by the acquirer to the issuer of electronic means of payment for each direct or indirect person) non-cash transaction, made with a payment card, and varies between 1,4 – 1,8% of the transaction amount. The average cost of trade acquiring in Ukraine is 2% of turnover and plus approximately 300 hryvnias for terminal rent per month. Interchanging payment (funds paid by the acquirer's acquirer's bank) is two-thirds of the payment charged to the merchant. Purpose. Determining the most correct market approach in the current conditions to the formation of key areas for the regulation of the interchanging commission in Ukraine and analysis of trends in the regulation of such an approach by other states. Methodology. The data on the consequences of the introduced regulation of the interchange commission in other countries of the world are analyzed, in particular: in the United States of America, China, Australia, Great Britain and others. It is considered that the marginal rate is 0. 3% below the level of exchange commissions that exists in all Member States, and therefore the impact on credit card acceptance is likely to be significant. In particular, exchange approaches in Germany, Poland, Hungary, the Netherlands, Denmark, Spain and France were analyzed. Results. In this regard, the need to maintain exclusively market-based approaches to interchange commission regulation has been proven, as this will enable the financial industry to further increase non-cash payments, reduce the share of the shadow economy and increase state budget revenues as a result of digitalization of payments.
APPLIED ASPECTS OF POSSIBILITIES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH FORECASTING BY MODELS OF DOMAR AND HARROD
Authors: Scvortsov Denys , Trevoho Olena
Published: May 2022

The main task of the economic growth modeling is to develop methods for forecasting changes in macroeconomic indicators in the medium and long term and to identify the initial factors of influence. The goal of the government and the citizens of any country is to create conditions for the growth of its economy. That is why it is so important to know what processes will be observed, what indicators can be controlled and what are the general prospects for such growth. Any model cannot be considered theoretically sound if these questions are not answered. The study aims to evaluate the application of Domar and Harrod's models to forecast the economic development of national economies or individual industries. The process of estimating and modelling economic growth is the research object. The subject of study is theoretical and methodological and applied application of economic growth models Domar and Harrod as models of economic growth, which explains the growth of the economy under the condition of constant capital intensity ratios and propensity to save in the long run. The research methods focus on generalisation - establishing economic growth indicators; analysis - studying the determinants of economic growth; modelling - building mathematical models of economic growth according to Domar and Harrod; scientific abstraction - assessing the degree of influence of factors of economic growth. These studies have shown that the main reason for the decrease in the theoretical equilibrium growth rate in the Harrod model is the increase in capital intensity. As a result, steady economic growth will prevail at the national level. At the same time, the analysis of the possibilities of applying the Domar model in practice showed that it could not be involved in industrialised countries. But it is appropriate for some industries in the medium term (up to 4-5 years). Therefore, scientists and experts can further use the research results in applied modelling of economic growth.
MARKETING STRATEGIES OF INSURANCE COMPANIES UNDER DIGITALIZATION: MODERN PRACTICE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Prykaziuk Nataliia , Marchenko Kateryna
Published: May 2022

A comparative analysis of marketing strategies of selected Ukrainian and foreign insurers was conducted using the selected criteria. Based on this analysis, the peculiarities of marketing strategies of Ukrainian and foreign insurance companies are clarified, namely the formulation of the insurance company's mission and communication of corporate social responsibility for greater personalization of the insurance company, the use of brand marketing activities to promote the insurer's brand and its insurance products. marketing channels to attract consumers.
The importance of the formulated mission and expressed, supported by real activities of corporate social responsibility of the insurer is stated. This corporate social responsibility should be created in order to distinguish itself from competitors and create a positive image of the insurance company in the eyes of potential policyholders. The main brand marketing activities carried out by insurers to promote their own brand and insurance products are identified. The main marketing channels used by insurance companies are identified, and the degree of use of digital marketing channels is clarified.
When analyzing the presence of insurance companies in the digital space, some features were identified, namely the predominance of mobile traffic over desktop, active creation and promotion of applications in Appstore and Google Play, which are divided by type of insurance product (life, non-life, car insurance, etc.). availability of advertising in search networks, as well as referral sites in all analyzed insurance companies.
The main digital marketing channels, Direct, Email, Referrals, Social, Organic search, Paid search, Display Ads are characterized. The analysis of the structure of digital marketing channels of insurance companies is carried out. The analysis found that foreign insurance companies pay much more attention to referral channels to attract consumers, while Ukrainian insurers attract more users directly or organically, which can also be enhanced by SEO optimization.
Based on the study, practical recommendations aimed at further improving the marketing strategies of insurance companies and bringing them to a new level are substantiated.