bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Psychoactive Substances among Biological and Health Sciences Students from Bahia/Brazil
Authors: Sampaio Gustavo , Silva Michell , Souza Suzana , Soares Denis
Published: April 2024

Epidemiological data show that the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances is higher among university students when compared with the general population and high school students. The use of psychotropic drugs by students in health courses deserve special attention due to because they will be responsible for the health education and care of the population. The present study aims to describe, through a cross-sectional study, the risks and the profile of consumption of psychoactive substances by students of the Biological and Health Sciences courses at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA). An online and anonymous questionnaire was applied from September 20, 2019 to June 15, 2021. 514 responses were obtained, of which 502 were considered according to the inclusion criteria. For recreational use of psychoactive substances, both for lifetime use and for use in the last 3 months, the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco were the highest ones in that order. Only alcohol, cannabis and inhalants showed a percentage of individuals at high risk of developing problems. These results indicate the need for local intervention, in order to prevent risky behavior, damage to mental health and major consequences for society and university performance.
Genetic Characterization of Lactococcus spp. Isolated from Brazilian Native Fish Species
Authors: Barbanti Angelo , do Rosário Angélica , Maia Cynthia , Rocha Victória , Costa Henrique , Trindade Júlia , Nogueira Luiz , Rosa Júlio , Ranzani-Paiva Maria , Pilarski Fabiana , Gallani Silvia , Leal Carlos , Figueiredo Henrique , Tavares Guilherme
Published: April 2024

Piscine lactococcosis is a disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae, L. petauri and L. formosensis. It is considered to be an emerging disease and poses a risk to global aquaculture production. Studies of the genetic diversity of Lactococcus spp. strains have epidemiological importance since they provide information on the genetic relationships between isolates and indicate geographic and temporal distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Brazilian Lactococcus spp. isolates obtained from native fish species using PCR-based DNA fingerprinting techniques. For this, 36 isolates were selected and submitted to gyrB sequencing, molecular serotyping, REP-, BOX-, and RAPD-PCR approaches. The discriminatory power and the congruence between the typing methods were calculated. After the correct taxonomic discrimination of the isolate, a total of 14, 5 and 17 isolates were reclassified as L. garvieae, L. formosensis and L. petauri, respectively. L. garvieae and L. petauri are related to serotype I, while L. formosensis strains were classified as serotype II. The typing methods tested are useful for evaluating the genetic diversity of isolates and a comprehensive indication of the diversity was found. Heterogeneous and homogeneous populations were observed for L. garvieae and L. petauri, respectively. RAPD-PCR demonstrated a greater discriminatory power for L. formosensis and L. petauri, while REP-PCR showed better results for L. garvieae strains, thus these methodologies are recommended for genotyping these bacterial species. In conclusion, Brazilian isolates of Lactococcus spp. obtained from native fish species constitute a genetically diverse population and the techniques used in this study allowed a better genetic characterization of the isolates.
Chaotic Interaction between Thermodynamic Systems
Authors: AYDINER EKREM
Published: April 2024

In the previous work in Ref.[1], we presented a new interaction scheme that describes the interaction of thermodynamic systems. Using this interaction scheme, we showed that the interactions of dark matter and dark energy are chaotic. We also predicted that the results could be generalized to all particle and thermodynamic systems. In addition, we gave physical definitions of the concepts of chaos and self-organization. More importantly, we proposed a new law of physics based on interacting systems. In this study, we will consider two thermodynamic systems interacting under different conditions to prove the universality of the physical law we propose. We will show that these systems also have chaotic interaction dynamics.
The Role of CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Recurrent Cranial Medulloblastomas across Pediatric and Adult Populations
Authors: Yoo Kelly H , Marianayagam Neelan J , Park David J , Zamarud Aroosa , Gu Xuejun , Pollom Erqi L , Soltys Scott G , Meola Antonio , Chang Steven D
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives:
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. In recent decades, the therapeutic landscape has undergone significant changes, with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) emerging as a promising treatment for recurrent cases. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the long-term efficacy and safety of SRS in recurrent medulloblastomas across both pediatric and adult patients at a single institution.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological records of patients who underwent CyberKnife SRS for recurrent cranial medulloblastomas at our institution between 1998 and 2023. Follow-up data were available for 15 medulloblastomas in 10 patients. The cohort comprised 8 pediatric patients (ages 3-18) and 2 adult patients (ages 19-75). Median age at the time of SRS was 13 years, median tumor volume accounted for 1.9 cc, median biologically equivalent dose (BED) was 126 Gy, and single-fraction equivalent dose (SFED) was 18 Gy. The SRS was administered at 75% of the median isodose line.
Results:
Following a median follow-up of 39 months (range: 6-78), 53.3% of the medulloblastomas progressed, 13.3% regressed, and 33.3% remained stable. The 3-year local tumor control (LTC) rate for all medulloblastomas was 65%, with lower rates observed in the adult cohort (50%) and higher rates in pediatric patients (67%). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 70%, with significantly higher rates in pediatric patients (75%) compared to adult patients (50%). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 58.3%, with higher rates in pediatric patients (60%) compared to adult patients (50%). Two pediatric patients developed radiation-induced edema, while two adult patients experienced radiation necrosis at the latest follow-up, with both adult patients passing away.
Conclusion:
Our study provides a complex perspective on the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife SRS in treating recurrent cranial medulloblastomas across pediatric and adult populations. The rarity of adverse radiation events (ARE) underscores the safety profile of SRS, reinforcing its role in enhancing treatment outcomes. The intricacies of symptomatic outcomes, intertwined with factors such as age, tumor location, and prior surgeries, emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches. Our findings underscore the imperative for ongoing research and the development of more refined treatment strategies for recurrent medulloblastomas. Given the observed disparities in treatment outcomes, a more meticulous tailoring of treatment approaches becomes crucial.
A Scoping Review of Factors Contributing to the High HIV Incidence in the Philippines: Directions for Developing Preventive Interventions and Research Program
Authors: Montegrico James , Lee Jungmin , de los Santos Janet Alexis A , Cutamora Jezyl , Loa Ritzmond
Published: April 2024

The Philippines has the highest HIV incidence rate in the Asia-Pacific region. Previous studies identified multilevel factors contributing to this phenomenon. This scoping review describes the extent of the literature on HIV contributory factors and identifies gaps to guide directions for HIV prevention research. The keywords HIV incidence, individual, sociocultural, environmental factors, and Philippines, were used to search for evidence on Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. A total of 1,017 peer-reviewed articles published in the English language from 2014 to 2024 were reviewed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review protocol. Thirty articles were included in this review. The majority of the available evidence was quantitative studies published between 2020 and 2024. Individual, sociocultural, economic, educational, political, and environmental factors shaped the Philippines’ HIV epidemic. Low levels of HIV knowledge, low testing rates, high-risk sex behaviors, stigma, lifestyle, location, lack of HIV education in schools, conservative society, and restrictive policies are HIV contributing factors. The Philippine HIV epidemic is multifactorial. Identifying the contributory factors is crucial in developing targeted interventions for high-risk populations. A dedicated HIV research program is needed to provide evidence-based information to guide the development of HIV preventive programs and research.
Continuous Time Simulation and System Level Control Model of a Modern MVDC Distribution Grid including SST and MMC Based AFE
Authors: Siemaszko Daniel , Carpita Mauro
Published: April 2024

The medium-voltage DC (MVDC) technology has gained increasing interests in recent years. Power electronics devices dominate those grids. Accurate simulation of such a grid, with detailed models of switching semiconductors, can quickly became very time-consuming, according to the number of connected devices to be simulated. A simulation approach based on interactions on a continuous time model can be very interesting, especially for developing a system level control model of such a modern MVDC distribution grid. Aim of this paper is to present all the steps required for obtaining a continuous time modelling of a +/- 10 kV MVDC grid case study, including Solid State Transformer (SST) and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based Active Front End (AFE). Additional aim of this paper is to supply an educational content about the use of the continuous time simulation approach, thanks to a detailed description of the various devices modelled into the presented MVDC grid. The results of a certain number of simulation scenarios are eventually presented.
Unfolding the Third Approximation of The Time‐Dependent Controller’s Designed Parameter (TDCDP) of Fokker Planck Kolmogorov (FPK) Probability Density Function(PDF)
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail
Published: April 2024

A difficult open problem that has never been fully resolved in the literature to date is the behaviour of the (TDCDP) third approximation. As a giant step towards modern control theory, this cutting-edge paper will advance control theory and other relevant inter-disciplinary subjects. Because control theory is important in industry and engineering, this study will be especially beneficial to anyone working in these disciplines who wish to understand more about recent advances in control theory settings. In contrast, the wealth of applications of Fokker Planck Kolmogorov (FPK) equations numerous disciplines As a result, the study instantly gains more taste and credibility. At the end of the paper, there are several challenging open problems, some concluding remarks, and recommendations for further investigation.
Nighttime Harvesting of OrBot (Orchard roBot)
Authors: Waltman Jakob , Buchanan Ethan , Bulanon Duke M
Published: April 2024

The Robotics Vision Lab of Northwest Nazarene University has developed Orchard Robot (OrBot), which was designed for harvesting fruits. OrBot is composed of a machine vision system to locate fruits on the tree, a robotic manipulator to approach the target fruit, and a gripper to remove the target fruit. Field trials conducted at commercial orchards for apples and peaches during the harvesting season of 2021 yielded a harvesting success rate of about 85% and had an average harvesting cycle time of 12 seconds. Building upon this success, the goal of this study is to evaluate the performance of OrBot during nighttime harvesting. The idea is to have OrBot harvest at night, and then human pickers continue the harvesting operation during the day. This human and robot collaboration will leverage the labor shortage issue with a relatively slower robot working at night. The specific objectives are to determine the artificial lighting parameters suitable for nighttime harvesting and to evaluate the harvesting viability of OrBot during the night. LED lighting was selected as the source for artificial illumination with a color temperature of 5600 K and 10% intensity. This combination resulted with the lowest noise in the images. OrBot was tested in a commercial orchard using twenty Pink Lady apple trees. Results showed an increased success rate during the night, with OrBot gaining 94%. compared to 88% during the daytime operations.
The Impact of a 6-Week Nordic Walking Training Cycle and a 14-Hour Intermittent Fasting on Disease Activity Markers and Serum Levels of Wnt Pathway-Associated Proteins in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Czerwińska-Ledwig Olga , Żychowska Małgorzata , Jurczyszyn Artur , Kryst Joanna , Deląg Jakub Mirosław , Borkowska Andżelika , Reczkowicz Joanna , Pałka Tomasz , Bujas Przemysław , Piotrowska Anna
Published: April 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for about 10 to 15% of all diagnosed hematologic malignancies and about 1-2% of all cancer cases. Approximately 80-90% of MM patients develop bone disease and the changes rarely regress. It is only possible to stop or slow their progression. A major role in bone destruction in MM is attributed to the Wnt signaling pathway, and its action can be modified by various types of interventions including training and diet. Therefore, the aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of a Nordic Walking (NW) training cycle and intermittent fasting (IF) on the levels of selected bone turnover markers associated with the Wnt pathway in patients with MM.
Results from 35 patients divided into training (NW and IF NW) and non-training (IF and control) groups were included in the analysis. A 6-week training cycle involving 60-minute workouts 3 times a week was conducted. Body mass and composition and the levels of: vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus, beta2-microglobulin and albumin were examined before and after completion of training cycle. Markers of bone turnover were also determined: sclerostin (SOST), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), osteoprotegrin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN) and Tartrate-resistant acid phos-phatase 5b (TRACP 5b).
There was no negative effect of IF or combined training and fasting on the nutritional status of the patients (the level of albumines was unchanged). Both training groups showed an increase in serum concentrations of the active metabolite of vitamin D (IF NW and NW: p=0.001 and p=0.022, re-spectively). The change in the concentration of this vitamin negatively correlated with the con-centration of TRACP 5b (r=-0.413, p=0.014). Evaluating the concentrations of markers related to bone turnover, a reduction in the concentrations of SOST (time: p=0.026, time vs. group: p=0.033) and TRACP 5b (time: p
Relative Importance of Carbon Dioxide and Water in the Greenhouse Effect: Does the Tail Wag the Dog?
Authors: Koutsoyiannis Demetris
Published: April 2024

Using a detailed atmospheric radiative transfer model, we derive macroscopic relationships of downwelling and outgoing longwave radiation, useful for hydrological practice. We validate them using empirical formulae based on downwelling radiation data, which are in common use in hydrology, as well as satellite data for the outgoing radiation. We use the macroscopic relationships to infer the relative importance of carbon dioxide and water vapour in the greenhouse effect. The results show that the contribution of the former is 4% – 5%, while water and clouds dominate with a contribution of 87% – 95%. The minor effect of carbon dioxide is also confirmed by the small, non-discernible effect of the recent escalation of atmospheric CO2 concentration from 300 to 420 ppm, which is quantified at 0.5% for both downwelling and outgoing radiation. Water and clouds also perform other important functions in climate, such as regulating the heat storage and the albedo, as well as cooling the Earth’s surface though latent heat transfer, with a contribution of 50%. By confirming the major role of water on climate, these results suggest that hydrology should have a more prominent and more active role in climate research.
A New Type of Hydraulic Clutch with Magnetorheological Fluid: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Musiałek Karol , Musiałek Ireneusz , Osowski Karol , Olszak Artur , Mikulska Aneta , Kȩsy Zbigniew , Kęsy Andrzej , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a new type of hydraulic clutch operating with magnetorheological (MR) fluids and the results achieved from both theoretical analysis and experimental measurement. The hy-draulic clutch system of its own design with MR working fluid and a rotating magnetic field lo-cated is designed. The principle of this clutch is to use a rotating magnetic field created by an al-ternating current electromagnet to set the MR fluid in motion. In the tests of the hydraulic clutch with a rotating magnetic field, MR fluid produced on their own, consisting of solid iron particles of various diameters mixed with a silicone oil, are used as working fluids. The rheological properties of MR fluids are assessed on the basis of tests carried out with a Brookfield DV2T rheometer equipped with a magnetic device for generating the magnetic field of its own design. The char-acteristics of the hydraulic clutch with MR working fluid and the rotating magnetic field are tested on a specially built test stand. As a result of the research, it has been found that the torque transmitted by the clutch is the greater, the higher the rotational speed of the magnetic field and the lower the rotational speed of the beaker in which the working fluid is placed, and that the greatest torque occurs for the working fluid with the highest iron content. Based on the analysis of the structure and characteristics of the clutch in which the magnetic field is used, it has been shown that the design of the developed clutch is similar to that of an induction clutch, and its characteristics correspond to the characteristics of the eddy current clutch. Therefore, the proposed new clutch working with MR fluid and the rotating magnetic field can be applied to stationary power transmission system similarly to an eddy current clutch.
Pengaruh Leverage, Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, Sales Growth, Good Corporate Governance Dan Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Financial Distress Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2019
Authors: Naomi Ulayya Adzroo  , Diah Hari Suryaningrum
Published: April 2024

Tujuan riset ini untuk menguji, membuktikan, dan menganalisis pengaruh leverage, likuiditas, profitabilitas, sales growth, good corporate governance dan corporate social responsibility sebagai variabel independen berdampak terhadap financial distress. Riset ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa data laporan keuangan. Purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih 310 laporan keuangan dari perusahaan industri yang terdaftar di BEI di tahun 2015 hingga 2019. Analisis yang digunakan dalam riset ini ialah analisis regresi logistik. Berdasarkan hasil riset dapat disimpulkan bahwa leverage, likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan corporate social responsibility berdampak terhadap financial distress. Sedangkan sales growth dan good corporate governance tidak berdampak terhadap financial distress.
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS BASIC MOVEMENT SKILLS PHYSICAL LITERACY BASED PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Ardiana Pradipta Ahdha
Published: April 2024

Abstract This literature review study is based on this The current education pattern cannot accommodate the needs of each individual to grow optimally. Most current education patterns do not provide enough space for students' uniqueness in carrying out physical activities. Mastery of basic movements needs to be given to children in the form of physical activity. Physical activity that is designed needs to increase and stimulate children to move without compulsion. The physical activity provided can be in the form of Physical Literacy . The literature review method was carried out on three articles obtained from a number of databases, PubMed, EBSCO, and Springer Link. Keywords for searching articles are physical activity, physical literacy , basic movement skills, physical literacy . Researchers use "AND" as a Boolean operator. The results of the literature review are that the development of a physical activity model to improve elementary school students' basic movement skills is based on physical literacy. The results of the review article are: 1) Physical activity improves health, 2) Good physical literacy knowledge in children aged 7-12 years, 3) Developing physical literacy. The conclusion from the literature review is that understanding physical activity based on the concept of physical literacy can improve health. A high understanding of physical literacy is related to the holistic development of children aged 7-12 years, namely if a person's body is healthy then they will grow and develop optimally. Traditional games can develop elementary school students' physical literacy. These results are based on the improvement achieved by students in the aspects of understanding how to perform movements, movement skills and enjoyment.

 

 

Keywords: Physical activity, basic movement abilities and Physical Literacy
Eksplorasi Perkembangan Penelitian Kinerja Lingkungan di Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Authors: Indrawaty Runy Rusdyantinah , Mudatsir  , Yulita Elvin , Janide Anugrah , Said Darwis , Damayanti Ratna Ayu
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kembali dan merangkum faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja lingkungan perusahaan dari penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan di Indonesia pada periode 2013-2022. Kinerja lingkungan menjadi isu yang menarik perhatian pada masa kini karena, selain berorientasi pada optimalisasi keuntungan, perusahaan juga bertanggung jawab atas lingkungan yang berada di sekitarnya. Tinjauan literatur dilakukan terhadap aspek jumlah, variasi desain, topik relevan, instrumen penelitian, dan teknik analisis data sehubungan dengan penelitian kinerja lingkungan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat ruang yang sangat luas untuk mengeksplorasi penelitian kinerja lingkungan selanjutnya di masa depan.
Authenticity in Learning, Teaching and Assessment
Authors: Masterson Brendan , Sharples Nicholas , Jones Matthew M. , Lawrence Snezana , Megeney Alison
Published: April 2024

Mathematics graduates traditionally are recognised for their problem solving, critical thinking, and analytic skills. However, the methods often used to hone these skills at university are often abstract and decontextualized. This can often create a disconnect between expected capabilities of a mathematics graduate from employers and the actual problem-solving skills required in their career. In this case-study we will outline how the programme team has developed our approach to authentic learning and authentic problems to bridge this gap and ensure graduates are prepared for the workforce.
Combined SNPs sequencing and allele specific proteomics capture reveal functional causality underpinning the 2p25 prostate cancer susceptibility locus
Authors: Wei Gong-Hong , Dong Dandan , Zhang Peng , Liu Mengqi , Wei Yu , Wang Zixian , Xu Wenjie , Zhang Qixiang , Zhu Yao , Zhang Qin , Yang Xiayun , Zhu Jing , Wang Liang
Published: April 2024

Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous risk loci associated with prostate cancer, yet unraveling their functional significance remains elusive. Leveraging our high-throughput SNPs-seq method, we pinpointed rs4519489 within the multi-ancestry GWAS-discovered 2p25 locus as a potential functional SNP due to its significant allelic differences in protein binding. Here, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of rs4519489 and its associated gene, NOL10, employing diverse cohort data and experimental models. Clinical findings reveal a synergistic effect between rs4519489 genotype and NOL10 expression on prostate cancer prognosis and severity. Through unbiased proteomics screening, we reveal that the risk allele A of rs4519489 exhibits enhanced binding to USF1, a novel oncogenic transcription factor (TF) implicated in prostate cancer progression and prognosis, resulting in elevated NOL10 expression. Furthermore, we elucidate that NOL10 regulates cell cycle pathways, fostering prostate cancer progression. The concurrent expression of NOL10 and USF1 correlates with aggressive prostate cancer characteristics and poorer prognosis. Collectively, our study offers a robust strategy for functional SNP screening and TF identification through high-throughput SNPs-seq and unbiased proteomics, highlighting the rs4519489-USF1- NOL10 regulatory axis as a promising biomarker or therapeutic target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
RSM assisted phytochemical profiling of Vitex negundo and molecular docking studies of biological active compounds with target proteins
Authors: Sharma Eti , Gaur Nisha , Singh Sandeep , Mathur Kartavya , Kumar Krishna , Wahi Nitin , Garg Gunjan
Published: April 2024

Vitex negundo(Family-Verbenaceae) is a remarkable medicinal plant with numerous therapeutic applications. In this study, phytochemical screening was performed in Vitex negundoleaf extract, and extraction optimization was performed by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Methanolic extract and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were found to be appropriate for obtaining the maximum yield of bioactive compounds. In single-factor analysis, solvent concentration, microwave power, and time of extraction variations were analyzed to calculate the amount of TPC, TFC, and TAC in the extract. The quantity of TPC, TFC, and TAC were fairly obtained from 60%–95% (v/v) methanol concentration, 540 -900 W microwave power, and 60–90 s extraction time. Furthermore, we also employed the response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of Vitex negundo leaves by considering three key parameters: solvent concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction duration. Condition optimization for the extraction were obtained at 95% (v/v) methanol, 720W, and 90s with TPC (227.6 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample), TFC (978.2 mg RE/g sample), and TAC (82.13 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g sample). The characterization of methanol extract of Vitex negundowas done by FTIR and GC–MS to identify the various active groups and types of bioactive constituent’s presence in the extract. Subsequently, the compounds were evaluated for their bioactivity through molecular docking interactions with target proteins in silico. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the optimized extract was studied against two Gram +ve (Bacillus sphaericus, Pectobacterium) and two Gram-ve (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, and the inhibitory effect was observed in all four tested bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was shown against B. sphaericus (19± 0.087) and E. coli (19±0.064) followed by Pectobacterium (18±0.068) and Pseudomonas(13±0.093). The hemolytic activity of the optimized leaf extract (at a dose of 20µg/ml) shows a minimum hemolytic activity, i.e., 1.33± 0.06 %. It may be concluded from the study that Vitex negundo is potential and safe source of natural antioxidants that can be utilized in green therapeutics.
Discrete Wavelet Transform and Spectral Subtraction Based Speech Enhancement Algorithm for Hearing Aid Application
Authors: Iqbal Yasir , Zhang Tao , Geng Yanzhang , Fahad Muhammad , Zhao Xin , Rahman Sadiq Ur , Iqbal Anjum
Published: April 2024

Hearing aids are small electronic devices intended to help those with hearing loss improve their hearing ability with the use of advanced audio signal processing techniques and technologies. Usually, in hearing aids, a set of speech enhancement methods are utilized to improve speech signal quality in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. In speech processing, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) algorithm and Spectral Subtraction (SS) filter are some of the most commonly used methods today when handling background noise in hearing aids. However, these speech enhancement systems have drawbacks like in DWT, the selective thresholding face problems when applying to distinct types of noise with different frequencies and time scales, and spectral subtraction has a problem with music noise, which affects the denoising performance. In this paper, the Spectral Subtraction (SS) filter and DWT speech enhancement methods are combined to deal with problem faced by DWT selective thresholding techniques against noise of different frequencies and time scales and the musical noise faced by the spectral subtraction filter. We first used spectral subtraction to reduce average noise intensity and then added DWT thresholding for reducing the background noise further. The contemporary methods evaluated using English speech signals taken from CSTR VCTK Corpus database. The objective metrics used to evaluate proposed speech enhancement systems are MSE, SNR, PESQ, and STOI. The proposed speech enhancement algorithm is applied for noise reduction and then compared with conventional algorithms. Experimental results prove that using of the proposed speech enhancement algorithm reduces background noise, improves the SNR of an original speech signal, and improves the final noise reduction performance.
Laparoscopic Anatomical Segment 5 Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using the Glissonian Approach with Indocyanine Green Dye Fluorescence and Ultrasound guidance
Authors: Siqin Tana , Liu Yue , Meng Xuan , Rong Weiqi , Wang Hongguang
Published: April 2024

Background
Laparoscopic hepatectomy requires precise techniques for safe completion. We have developed flow and modular strategies using visualization technology to improve surgical outcomes.
Methods
Between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2022, 26 patients with tumors in segment 5 underwent Laparoscopic anatomical segment V resection at our institute using real-time ICG fluorescence mapping and ultrasound guidance. Their perioperative course and operative techniques were reviewed retrospectively.
Result
No cases required open surgery. Blood loss ranged from 10–600 ml, with a median operative time of 225 minutes (90–370). 26 out of 26 preoperative 3D simulations were accurately replicated during surgery, resulting in a 100% concordance rate. Postoperative mortality was absent, with 2 patients experiencing complications leading to a major morbidity rate of 4.6% based on the Clavien‒Dindo classification. Liver function remained stable before and after the operation.
Conclusion
Laparoscopic segment V resection for hepatocellular carcinoma using the Glissonian approach with indocyanine green dye and ultrasound guidance is safe, convenient, and feasible.
Process and mechanism of preparing metallized blast furnace burden from metallurgical dust and sludge
Authors: Gao Xing , Chai Yifan , Wang Yici , Luo Guoping , An Shengli , Peng Jun
Published: April 2024

Metallurgical dust and sludge are solid waste resources with recycling value. In recent years, rotary hearth furnace has become the most important means to treat metallurgical dust and sludge because of its wide range of raw materials and strong treatment capacity. In this study blast furnace ash and OG sludge were selected as the research objects, and high-quality metallized pellets were prepared based on the rotary hearth furnace process. The strength changed of pellets, the reduction process of iron oxides and the removal process of zinc during the roasting of pellets in rotary hearth furnace were studied. To explore the reasonable roasting condition for preparing metallized pellets in rotary hearth furnace. The optimum roasting temperature of the pellets was 1250℃ and the roasting time was 25 min. The compressive strength, metallization rate and dezincification rate of metallized pellets reached 1361N, 97.44% and 95.67%, respectively. The efficient resource utilization of various metallurgical dust and sludge is realized.
Effects of soil structure and hydrodynamic properties on the growth of Camellia sinensis in the main producing areas of the Qinba Mountains
Authors: Zhao Yutong , Xu Zengguang , Zhang Yang , Han Jichang , Li Rui , Chen Tianqing , Niu Ziru , He Peng
Published: April 2024

To enhance the soil hydrological properties of tea plantations, this study applied the Van-Genuchten model to assess various parameters, including the soil water characteristic curve, specific water capacity curve, soil porosity, and particle mechanical composition in the primary tea-producing areas of the Qinba Mountain region. Relationships among soil water retention capacity, water release properties, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water diffusivity, and porosity across different tea plantation growth zones were investigated. Analysis revealed that the soil texture of the four distinct growth regions in the Qinba Mountain area tea plantations is predominantly silty loam. In areas with poor growth, both water content and bulk density were significantly higher compared to other growth regions, while sand content, organic matter, and porosity were lowest. Conversely, luxuriant growth areas exhibited the highest sand content and lowest silt content, presenting an inverse pattern to that of poor growth areas. The soil moisture characteristic curve was accurately fitted using the V-G model with an R2 value exceeding 0.99. Additionally, the index K(x) = a*exp(b*x) effectively described water suction and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, yielding an R2 value exceeding 0.90. Soil volume moisture content and soil water diffusivity were adeptly modeled by the exponential function D(θ) = aebθ, with an R2 value surpassing 0.99. Across the total suction range, water holding capacity ranked as follows: poor growth > moderate growth > well growth = luxuriant growth. Optimal water release capacity was observed in poor growth areas, contrasting with the least favorable performance in well growth areas. The ranking of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity across the four regions was as follows: luxuriant growth, well growth, moderate growth, and poor growth. Furthermore, soil water diffusivity exhibited a gradual increase with rising soil volume moisture content, approaching infinite increase when volume moisture content neared saturation.
Integrated genomic analysis revealed a dominant role of transcriptional regulation during the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria species
Authors: Zhu Xin-Guang , Lyu Ming-Ju , Du Huilong , Yao Hongyan , zhang zhiguo , Chen Genyun , Huang Yuhui , Ni Xiaoxiang , Chen Faming , Zhao Yong-Yao , Tang Qiming , Miao Fenfen , Wang Yanjie , Zhao Yuhui , Lu Hongwei , Fang Lu , Gao Qiang , Qi Yiying , Zhang Qing , Zhang Jisen , Yang Tao , Cui Xuean , Liang Chengzhi , Lu Tiegang
Published: April 2024

C4 photosynthesis represents a remarkable example of convergent evolution of complex traits. In this study, we present an integrated genomic analysis of the genus Flaveria, which includes species at different evolutionary stages from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. The chromosome-scale genome sequences of five Flaveria species, representing C3, intermediate, and C4 types, reveal a gradual increase in genome size attributed to the expansion of transposable elements (TEs). Through a combination of gene phylogeny and transcript abundance analysis, we systematically identified genes encoding C4 enzymes and transporters. We further found that C4 species acquired additional copies of genes encoding three C4 enzymes through retrotranspositions. Moreover, we observed an increased abundance of ERF cis-regulatory elements and ERF transcriptional factors associated with the regulation of C4 genes in C4 species compared to non-C4 species. Notably, C4 genes exhibited elevated both RNA and protein levels but decreased protein-to-RNA ratios in C4 species. Additionally, codon usage patterns are conserved among the five Flaveria species. All these results suggest a predominant role of transcriptional regulation in the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Our comprehensive dataset also provides valuable resources to study the evolution and regulatory mechanisms underlying C4 photosynthesis.
Impact of a Longitudinal Mentorship Intervention on the Documentation of Maternal Vital Signs in Blantyre District, Malawi
Authors: Mitchell Ashley , Mwale Nelson Ntemang'ombe , Simwinga Luseshelo , Jana Oveka , Rouse Miranda , Baltzell Kimberly , Blair Alden Hooper
Published: April 2024

Background
Staff shortages, insufficient training and support, and high patient caseloads limit maternal quality of care (QoC) and influence poor documentation of vital signs and labor progress in Malawi. Aware that this limits providers’ ability to anticipate or manage complications, we explored the impact of a longitudinal multipronged intervention on the documentation of maternal vital signs at key clinical times during childbirth to identify targeted opportunities for improvement.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective quantitative analysis of maternal charts from two primary health centres in Blantyre district in Malawi to assess for differences in the documentation of vital signs established in the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC). The intervention consisted of short course training followed by 12 months of bedside mentorship. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed differences in the recording of each vital sign both pre- and post-intervention as well as according to availability of the appropriate device for that vital sign.
Results
A total of 271 maternal charts—96 from the pre-intervention period and 175 from the post-intervention period—were analyzed and found to have recorded between 2% and 52% of key maternal vital signs at the SCC-designated times. Post-intervention charts showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the documentation of heart rate/pulse and blood pressure both upon admission and immediately postpartum, though not at the time of active childbirth. Additionally, while few maternal charts included all vital signs, there was a significant increase in the number of vital signs recorded between the pre- and post-intervention periods. A sub-analysis explored the impact of the availability of key medical devices on documentation during the post-intervention period and found that the recorded availability of thermometers and blood pressure cuffs were not significantly associated with whether temperature or blood pressure was recorded, respectively. However, at admission, significantly more vital signs were recorded when all a centre’s medical devices were consistently available.
Conclusion
A deeper exploration into which strategies are most effective for vital sign measurement and how it affects QoC indicators is warranted. Meanwhile, continuing and expanding training followed by supportive mentorship will be key to making sustainable maternal QoC improvement.
COVID-19 Preventive behaviors based on social cognitive integrative model among medical students
Authors: Mirzaie Arman , Gholamnia-Shirvani Zeinab , Jahani Mohammad- Ali , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali , Pakpour Amir
Published: April 2024

Objective: The COVID-19 outbreak in Iran prompted the investigation of preventive behaviors in vulnerable and key groups. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study aimed to determine COVID-19 prevention behaviors among medical students using an integrated social cognition model and identified influencing factors.
Results: The results of the study of 650 medical students with a mean age of 24.37±3.78 years showed that the total score of the integrated social cognition model was at a medium level (85.44±8.70). The constructs of attitude (16.14±2.66), subjective norms (5.33±1.30), perceived behavioral control (8.18±1.76), action self-efficacy (8.60±1.66), maintenance self-efficacy (12.29±2.25), intention (8.05±1.55), action planning (8.00±1.62), coping planning (8.08±1.62), and COVID‐19 preventive behaviors (10.78±1.99) were at a medium level. There was a good correlation between the constructs of the integrated model (r = 0.42-0.64, p<0.001). Students who were older, unmarried, had a mother or father with a university education, were nondormitory, were native, at the basic science level obtained higher scores for the model constructs (p<0.001). These findings should be considered to improve health education interventions and encourage COVID-19 preventive behaviors in students.
Childhood dairy consumption is associated with lower age of menarche in a national representative sample of US women
Authors: Vernarelli Jacqueline Andrea , Szollosy Sara
Published: April 2024

Background and aims:
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and leader in cancer-related deaths among women with a variety of established risk factors.
Methods
Data from a nationally representative sample of 5,574 women who participated in the 2015–2018 NHANES was used to evaluate the correlation of childhood and adolescent dairy milk consumption and age of menarche. Reproductive history was asked of women > 12y. Data regarding dairy consumption between the ages of 5–12 was available for women > 20y. Survey regression models were used to calculate adjusted age of menarche for categories of dairy consumption after adjusting for relevant confounders.
Results
Women who reported never or rarely consuming dairy milk were significantly older at age of menarche compared to those who reported more frequent milk consumption. Age of menarche is affected by consumption of dairy milk in childhood even when controlling for factors which have been consider as possible affecting agents.
Conclusions
With the known link between the age of menarche and increased risk in breast cancer, guidance regarding childhood milk consumption should be developed.
Rhomboid intercostal and sub serratus plane block for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized control study
Authors: Elhouty Mohamed Gad , Elawady Mostafa Sayed , Elbahrawy Khaled
Published: April 2024

Background: The "Rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane" block (RISS) is a relatively new block technique that proved its efficacy in different thoracic procedures. Nonetheless, its role in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is undervaluated. We conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness of RISS block in providing and maintaining postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methodology: This prospective trial included 90 patients who were randomly divided into two groups: the RISS group that received the block (n = 45) and the control group that received no block (n = 45).
Results: Baseline demographic parameters and the operative time did not differ between the two groups (P ˃ 0.05). The RISS group had a significantly better intraoperative hemodynamic profile, manifested by the decreased heart rate and arterial pressure measurements compared to controls (P ˂ 0.05). Lower pain scores were encountered in the RISS group during the initial 12 hours after the operation (P ˂ 0.05). Additionally, The RISS led to significant prolongation in the time to the first rescue analgesia (729.11 vs. 23.89 minutes, respectively) and Postoperative fentanyl consumption was markedly decreased (45.11 vs. 153.24 mcg, respectively) compared to controls (both P ˂ 0.05). Subsequently, patient satisfaction showed better improvement when the RISS was used (P ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: Bilateral RISS block is an effective option to provide post-operative analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It should be performed as a part of a multimodal analgesia.
Transcriptome analysis of the common moss Bryum pseudotriquetrum grown under Antarctic field conditions
Authors: Otani Masahiro , Kitamura Haruki , Kudoh Sakae , Imura Satoshi , Nakano Masaru
Published: April 2024

Mosses are distributed all over the world including Antarctica. Although Antarctic mosses show active growth in a short summer season under harsh environments such as low temperature, drought and high levels of UV radiation, survival mechanisms for such multiple environmental stresses of Antarctic mosses have not yet been clarified. In the present study, transcriptome analyses were performed using one of the common mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum grown under Antarctic field and artificial cultivation conditions. Totally 88,205 contigs were generated by de novo assembly, among which 1,377 and 435 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, under Antarctic field conditions compared with artificial cultivation condition. Among the up-regulated genes, a number of lipid metabolism-related and oil body formation-related genes were identified. Consistent with these results, B. pseudotriquetrum grown under Antarctic field conditions contained large amounts of fatty acids, especially α-linolenic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. In addition, proportion of unsaturated fatty acids to the total fatty acids was also higher. Since lipid accumulation and unsaturation of fatty acids are generally important factors for acquisition of various environmental stress tolerance in plants, these intracellular physiological and metabolic changes may be responsible for survival of B. pseudotriquetrum under Antarctic harsh environments.
Optimal content of bio-fibers in structural ice
Authors: Fantilli Alessandro Pasquale , Frigo Barbara , Dehkordi Farmehr M.
Published: April 2024

The use of ice as structural material has two main concerns: the low strength and the brittle failure of the structures. With the aim of finding a solution to these problems, an experimental campaign, performed on fiber-reinforced ice (FRI) samples, made with plain water and bio-fibers, is presented in this paper. In total, 12 ice prisms were cast at -18°C with a different content of fibers, and then tested in three-point bending and uniaxial compression. Test results indicate that the presence of a reinforcement increases both flexural and compressive strength with respect to plain ice. Moreover, FRI is a tougher material, as multiple cracking and deflection hardening behavior can be observed in the flexural tests. However, the mechanical performances of plain ice are not always enhanced by the fiber-reinforcement. Therefore, an empirical model, capable of predicting the optimal content of bio-fibers, is also proposed.