bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Impulse Attenuation by Football Helmets in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Leiva-Molano Nicolas , Rolley Robert J. , Lee Taylor , McIver Kevin G. , Sankaran Goutham , Meyer Janette J. , Adams Douglas E. , Breedlove Evan , Talavage Thomas M. , Nauman Eric A.
Published: February 2020

Design of helmets used in contact sports has been driven by the necessity of preventing severe head injuries. Manufacturing standards and pass or fail grading systems ensure protective headgear built to withstand large impacts, but design standards do no account for impacts resulting in subconcussive episodes and the effects of cumulative impacts on its user. Thus, it is important to explore new design parameters, such as the frequency-domain measures of transmissibility and mechanical impedance that are based on energy absorption from a range of impact loads. Within the experimentally determined frequency range of interest (FROI), transmissibilities above unity were found in the 0–40 Hz range with the magnitude characteristics varying considerably with impact location. A similar variability with location was observed for the mechanical impedance, which ranged from 9 N/m to 50 N/m. Additional research is required to further understand how changes in the components or materials of the components will affect the performance of helmets, and how they may be used to reduce both transmissibility and dynamic impedance.
A key role for IL-13 signaling via the type 2 IL-4 receptor in experimental atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bitton Almog , Avlas Shmuel , Reichman Hadar , Itan Michal , Karo-Atar Danielle , Azouz Nurit P. , Rozenberg Perri , Diesendruck Yael , Nahary Limor , Rothenberg Marc E. , Benhar Itai , Munitz Ariel
Published: February 2020

The type 2 IL-4 receptor has a key role in atopic dermatitis and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
Involvement of Host ATR-CHK1 Pathway in Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation
Authors: Luo Jun , Luckenbaugh Laurie , Hu Hui , Yan Zhipeng , Gao Lu , Hu Jianming
Published: February 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects hundreds of millions of people and remains a major cause of viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. HBV persistence is sustained by a viral nuclear episome that directs all viral gene expression needed to support viral replication. The episome is converted from an incomplete DNA precursor in viral particles in an ill-understood process. We report here that the incomplete DNA precursor is recognized by the host cell in a way similar to the sensing of damaged cellular DNA for subsequent repair to form the nuclear episome. Intense efforts are ongoing to develop novel antiviral strategies to eliminate CCC DNA so as to cure chronic HBV infection. Our results here provide novel insights into, and suggest novel ways of perturbing, the process of episome formation. Furthermore, our results inform mechanisms of cellular DNA damage recognition and repair, processes essential for normal cell growth.
Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy
Authors: Davis Catherine , Nippita Tanya
Published: February 2020

Hyperparathyroidism is a rare disease during pregnancy, which has increased risks, including miscarriage and fetal growth restriction. However, the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is frequently not recognised or delayed as symptoms are non-specific and calcium is not routinely measured. With a thorough medical history and clinical suspicion, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of some pregnancy complications. A 35-year-old woman presented at 13/40 with hyperemesis gravidarum. She had elevated serum calcium and a parathyroid lesion on ultrasound. She underwent a parathyroidectomy with rapid normalisation of her calcium. Histopathology confirmed a parafibromin-deficient parathyroid tumour, suggestive of hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome. At 30/40, she presented with pre-eclampsia (hypertension, hyper-reflexia, proteinuria and intrauterine growth restriction) and had a caesarean section at 30+1/40, delivering a male infant, 897 g (fifth percentile). She had a prior 12-month history of chronic constipation and nephrolithiasis but was not investigated further despite elevated calcium (2.82 mmol/L).
On the $$\beta $$-decay of the accelerated proton and neutrino oscillations: a three-flavor description with CP violation
Authors: Blasone Massimo , Lambiase Gaetano , Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano , Petruzziello Luciano
Published: February 2020

The (inverse) $$\beta $$β-decay of uniformly accelerated protons ($$p\rightarrow n+ e^{+}+\nu _e$$p→n+e++νe) has been recently analyzed in the context of two-flavor neutrino mixing and oscillations. It has been shown that the decay rates as measured by an inertial and comoving observer are in agreement, provided that: (i) the thermal nature of the accelerated vacuum (Unruh effect) is taken into account; (ii) the asymptotic behavior of neutrinos is described through flavor (rather than mass) eigenstates; (iii) the Unruh radiation is made up of oscillating neutrinos. Here we extend the above considerations to a more realistic scenario including three generations of Dirac neutrinos. By following the outlined recipe, we find that the equality between the two rates still holds true, confirming that mixing is perfectly consistent with the General Covariance of Quantum Field Theory. Notably, we prove that the analysis of CP violation in neutrino oscillations provides a further solid argument for flavor states as fundamental representation of asymptotic neutrino states. Our approach is finally discussed in comparison with the other treatments appeared in literature.
Person Recognition Method in Cross-Country Environment Based on Improved Euclidean Clustering
Authors: Xu Tao , Fan Jingjing , Chu Wenbo , Wang Li , Zhao Yan
Published: February 2020

Automated unmanned vehicles can carry equipment for teams, greatly reducing the load of person. Most of the working environment of unmanned vehicles is in the field. The identification of persons in a cross-country environment is the basic requirement for automated driving vehicles, and the problem of identification has received much attention. Aiming at the problem of person identification from lidar point cloud data, particularly the special problem of identification in a cross-country environment, this paper designs an improved identification algorithm based on Euclidean clustering, theoretical analysis, and the geometric and physical characteristics of people. Experiments are carried out on tracked vehicle platforms in a cross-country environment to verify the performance of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the designed lidar personnel identification algorithm can accurately identify personnel using lidar point cloud data, and the recognition rate is about 5% higher than that before the improvement.
Theoretical Prediction of the Structural, Elastic, Electronic and Thermodynamic Properties of Binary CoP3 and Ternary FeCoP3 Skutterudites Materials
Authors: Zouablia Riadh , Benabdellah Ghlamallah , Mokhtari Mohamed , Hiadsi Said
Published: February 2020

The structural, elastic, electronic and thermodynamic properties of skutterudite binary compound CoP3 and the ternary alloy FeCoP3 were investigated by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave plus local orbitals method within the approximation GGA-PBEsol functional. The computed lattice constants, bulk moduli and the pressure derivative of the bulk moduli at the equilibrium are in good agreement with the published experimental data. The brittleness and ductility of these materials were studied by the analysis of the elastic constants and other mechanical parameters, where we have found that both CoP3 and FeCoP3 are ductile materials. The electronic band structure calculation, using the modified Becke-Johnson potential (TB-mBJ), shows that the skutterudite binary compound CoP3 at equilibrium, present a narrow indirect bandgap of 0.524[Formula: see text]eV where the ternary alloy FeCoP3 is a metal behavior. Finally, we investigated the impact of pressure [Formula: see text] and temperature [Formula: see text] on the lattice parameters, heat capacities [Formula: see text], Debye temperatures [Formula: see text] and the entropies [Formula: see text] using the quasi-harmonic Debye model.
Unusual Mechanism of Facial Nerve Palsy Caused by Penetrating Neck Trauma
Authors: Klančnik Marisa , Ivanišević Petar , Martinić Marina Krnić , Smoje Petra , Vucemilovic Marta Zrinka
Published: February 2020

We present a case of a low energy penetrating neck injury with only facial nerve (FN) palsy in the clinical finding. A 32-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with a penetrating injury on the right side of the neck just behind the right ear, accompanied by evident right (FN) palsy, evaluated as House Brackmann grade IV. Computed tomography demonstrated an isolated soft tissue injury in the right retroauricular region without bone fracture, parotid gland lesion, or vascular structure involvement. The FN palsy was treated with corticosteroids (CS), and the patient had an uneventful and complete recovery. This case report presents an unusual mechanism of isolated, extratemporal, blunt injury of the FN after a penetrating neck injury followed by complete recovery.
Surgical Management of L5-S1 Spondylodiscitis on Previously Documented Isthmic Spondylolisthesis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lubiato Anthony , Baucher Guillaume , Meyer Mikael , Fuentes Stéphane
Published: February 2020

Background. Although lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis is frequent in the Caucasian population, its association with spondylodiscitis is extremely rare. Case Description. The authors reported the case of a 44-year-old patient affected by pyogenic spondylodiscitis on previously documented isthmic spondylolisthesis at the L5-S1 level. The patient was surgically treated by circumferential arthrodesis combining anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), followed by L4-S1 percutaneous osteosynthesis using the same anesthesia. Appropriate antibiotherapy to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, found on the intraoperative samplings, was then delivered for 3 months, allowing satisfactory evolution on the clinical, biological, and radiological levels. Discussion. This is the first case report of spondylodiscitis affecting an isthmic spondylolisthesis surgically treated by circumferential arthrodesis. In addition to providing large samplings for analysis, it confirms the observed evolution over the past 30 years in modern care history of spondylodiscitis, increasingly including surgical treatment with spinal instrumentation, thus avoiding the need of an external immobilization. Care must nonetheless be exercised in performing the ALIF because of the inflammatory tissue increasing the risk of vascular injury. Conclusion. Spondylodiscitis occurring on an L5-S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis can be safely managed by circumferential arthrodesis combining ALIF then percutaneous osteosynthesis in the same anesthesia, obviously followed by appropriate antibiotherapy.
The Epidemiology of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors at the National Neurologic Institute in Saudi Arabia: A Ten-Year Single-Institution Study
Authors: Almutrafi Amna , Bashawry Yara , AlShakweer Wafaa , Al-Harbi Musa , Altwairgi Abdullah , Al-Dandan Sadeq
Published: February 2020

Objectives. This study is aimed at describing the epidemiological trends of primary CNS tumors in children and adults at the National Neurologic Institute in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A retrospective epidemiological approach was used where data was obtained from the department of pathology registry files and pathology reports. The records of all patients registered from January 2005 to December 2014 with a diagnosis of primary CNS tumor (brain and spinal cord) were selected. Data about sex, age, tumor location, and histologic type were collected. The classification was based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition (ICD-O-3). Results. Nine hundred and ninety-two (992) cases of primary CNS tumors throughout the ten years (2005 to 2014) were reviewed. There were 714 (71.97%) adults and 278 (28.02%) in the pediatric age group. Nonmalignant tumors dominated the adult population (60.08%) while malignant tumors were more frequent in the pediatric population. Gliomas constituted the most common neoplastic category in children and adults. The most common single tumor entity was meningioma (26.99%, ICD-O-3 histology codes 9530/0, 9539/1, and 9530/3). Medulloblastomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 9470, 9471, and 9474) were the most common single tumor entity in the pediatric age group (26.62%). Conclusions. This is an institution-based, detailed, and descriptive epidemiological study of patients with primary CNS tumors in Saudi Arabia. In contrast to other regional and international studies, the medulloblastomas in our institution are more frequent than pilocytic astrocytomas. Limitations to our study included the referral bias and histology-based methodology.
Recurrence‐Associated Multi‐RNA Signature to Predict Disease‐Free Survival for Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ye Qingjian , He Junxian , Chen Peigen , Wan Jing , Li Jing , Yang Yuebo , Li Xiaomao
Published: February 2020

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is an intractable gynecological malignancy due to the high recurrence rate. Several molecular biomarkers have been previously screened for early identifying patients with a high recurrence risk and poor prognosis. However, all the known studies focused on a single type of RNAs, not integrating various types. This study was to construct a new multi‐RNA‐based model to predict the recurrence and prognosis for OvCa patients by using the messenger RNA (mRNA, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)) and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas database. After univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses, a multi‐RNA‐based signature (2 miRNAs: hsa‐miR‐508, hsa‐miR‐506; 1 lncRNA: TM4SF1‐AS1; 11 mRNAs: MAGI3, SLAMF7, GLI2, PDK1, ARID3A, PLEKHG4B, TNFAIP8L3, C1QTNF3, NDUFAF1, CH25H, TMEM129) was generated and used to establish a risk score model. The high‐ and low‐risk patients classified by the median risk score exhibited significantly different recurrence risks (89% versus 61%, p < 0.001) and survival time (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.901 for 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS)). This risk model was independent of other clinical features and superior to pathologic staging for DFS prediction (AUC, 0.906 versus 0.524; C‐index, 0.633 versus 0.510). Furthermore, some new interaction axes were revealed to explain the possible functions of these RNAs (competing endogenous RNA: TM4SF1‐AS1‐miR‐186‐STEAP2, LINC00536‐miR‐508‐STEAP2, LINC00475‐miR‐506‐TMEM129; coexpression: LINC00598‐PLEKHG4B). In conclusion, this multi‐RNA‐based risk model may be clinically useful to stratify OvCa patients with different recurrence risks and survival outcomes and included RNAs may be potential therapeutic targets.
On the Stability of Fractional Differential Equations Involving Generalized Caputo Fractional Derivative
Authors: Tran Minh Duc , Ho Vu , Van Hoa Ngo
Published: February 2020

This work presents the results of the global existence for fractional differential equations involving generalized Caputo derivative with the case of the fractional order derivative α∈1,2. In addition, the Ulam–Hyers–Mittag-Leffler stability of the given problems is also established.
New Method for Analyzing the Flutter Stability of Hingeless Blades with Advanced Geometric Configurations in Hovering
Authors: Wang Si-wen , Han Jing-long , Chen Quan-long , Yun Hai-wei , Chen Xiao-mao
Published: February 2020

A new method used to analyze the aeroelastic stability of a helicopter hingeless blade in hovering has been developed, which is especially suitable for a blade with advanced geometric configuration. This method uses a modified doublet-lattice method (MDLM) and a 3-D finite element (FE) model for building the aeroelastic equation of a blade in hovering. Thereafter, the flutter solution of the equation is calculated by the V-g method, assuming blade motions to be small perturbations about the steady equilibrium deflection. The MDLM, which is suitable to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic force of nonplanar rotor blade in hovering, is developed from the doublet-lattice method (DLM). The structural analysis tool is the commercial software ANSYS. The comparisons of the obtained results against those in the literatures show the capabilities of the MDLM and the method of structural analysis. The flutter stabilities of swept tip blades with different aspect ratios are analyzed using the new method developed in this work and the usual method on the basis of the unsteady strip theory and beam model. It shows that considerable differences appear in the flutter rotational velocities with the decrease of the aspect ratio. The flutter rotational velocities obtained by the present method are evidently lower than those obtained by the usual method.
Study on the Permeability Evolution and Its Formation Mechanism of Xiaojihan Aquifer Coal Seam under Plastic Flow
Authors: Guo Jingna , Liu Jiangfeng , Li Qiang , Chen Zhanqing
Published: February 2020

Study on permeability evolution of an aquifer coal seam in Western China is of great significance for preventing water inrush disaster and realizing water-conserving coal mining. The permeability evolution of an aquifer coal seam is related to a loading path closely under plastic flow. In this work, permeability variations of the Xiaojihan water-bearing coal seam and Longde nonwater coal seam are researched using a transient method under plastic flow. The experiment results indicated the following: (1) Under the same axial strain, the permeability, relative residual strain, and confining pressure influence coefficient of Xiaojihan coal specimens all decrease in plastic flow with the increase of loading-unloading times and confining pressure, while the permeability recovery coefficient increases during this process. (2) The permeability of Xiaojihan water-bearing coal specimens decreases with the growth of axial strain in plastic flow, resulting in the increase of relative residual strain and reinforcement of plasticity. Besides, the confining pressure influence coefficient decreases and the permeability recovery coefficient decreases slightly with the axial strain. (3) Finally, the permeability of Xiaojihan coal specimens is greater than that of Longde coal specimens, while the confining pressure influence coefficient and permeability recovery coefficient of Longde coal specimens are greater than those of Xiaojihan coal specimens. The closure rate of internal cracks of the water-bearing coal specimen is lower than that of the nonwater coal specimen, which is beneficial for water storage and transport.
Fractal Characteristics of Coal and Sandstone Failure under Different Unloading Confining Pressure Tests
Authors: Ma Tianran , Ma Depeng , Yang Yongjie
Published: February 2020

To analyze the fractal characteristics of coal rock failure under unloading conditions, triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were carried out on coal and sandstone rock samples under different unloading rates and initial confining pressures. We examined the distribution of the surface cracks and fragmentation of the coal and sandstone samples that failed under different triaxial unloading confining pressure tests. The results showed that the fractal dimension of the surface cracks in coal and sandstone decreased as the initial unloading confining pressure increased. Thus, shear failure is more obvious in coal or sandstone with high‐stress conditions caused by unloading confining pressure than in coal or sandstone with low‐stress conditions. However, the fractal dimension of the surface cracks increased with the unloading rates. Additionally, the fractal dimension of the fragmentation in the coal and sandstone samples had a negative correlation with the initial unloading confining pressure. When the initial confining pressure was relatively low, the samples underwent splitting and shear failure; when the initial confining pressure was higher, the failure mode was mostly shear failure and the fragmentation of the samples was less homogeneous. In contrast, the fractal dimension of the fragmentation in the coal and sandstone increased with higher unloading rates. The lithology had a significant effect on the fractal dimension of the surface cracks and on the fragmentation. Samples with more internal fissures had more surface cracks and the fragmentation was more homogeneous when the rock failed compared with samples with less fissures under the same experimental conditions.
Analysis of the Chemotherapy-Free Interval following Image-Guided Ablation in Sarcoma Patients
Authors: Sutton Charles , Zhang Yachao , Kim DaeHee , Yarmohammadi Hooman , Ziv Etay , Boas Franz E. , Sofocleous Constantinos T. , Tap William D. , D’Angelo Sandra P. , Erinjeri Joseph P.
Published: February 2020

One way to enhance quality of life for patients with metastatic sarcoma is to maximize time off chemotherapy—a chemotherapy-free interval. While image-guided ablation of sarcoma metastases may reduce the need for chemotherapy, it remains unknown how long ablation could extend the chemotherapy-free interval. The purpose of our study was to determine the chemotherapy-free interval in comparison to overall survival and progression-free survival in sarcoma patients who undergo ablation procedures. An IRB-approved, single institution, HIPAA compliant database was queried for sarcoma patients who underwent image-guided ablation procedures between 2007 and 2018. Patient demographics, histologic subtype, and other clinical characteristics were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compute median overall survival, median progression-free survival (local and distant), and the median chemotherapy-free interval (systemic and cytotoxic) after ablation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazards model, respectively. A total of 100 sarcoma patients were included in the analysis. The most common histologic subtype was leiomyosarcoma (38%). Median overall survival after ablation of sarcoma metastases was 52.4 months (95% CI: 46.9–64.0 months). The median systemic chemotherapy-free interval following ablation of sarcoma metastases was 14.7 months (95% CI: 8.6–34.3 months). The median cytotoxic chemotherapy-free interval following ablation of sarcoma metastases was 81.3 months (95% CI: 34.3-median not reached). In conclusion, ablation of sarcoma metastases can provide an extended systemic chemotherapy-free interval of greater than 1 year. Ablation of sarcoma metastases may improve patient quality of life by extending the chemotherapy-free interval.
Highly Proliferative Immortalized Human Dental Pulp Cells Retain the Odontogenic Phenotype when Combined with a Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold and BMP2
Authors: Li Xiangfen , Wang Liu , Su Qin , Ye Ling , Zhou Xuedong , Song Dongzhe , Huang Dingming
Published: February 2020

Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) play a vital role in dentin formation and reparative dentinogenesis, which indicated their potential application in regenerative medicine. However, HDPCs, which can only be obtained from scarce human pulp tissues, also have a limited lifespan in vitro, and stem cells usually lose their original characteristics over a large number of passages. To overcome these challenges, we successfully immortalized human dental pulp cells using the piggyBac system which was employed to efficiently overexpress the SV40 T-Ag, and we then comprehensively described the cell biological behavior. The immortalized human dental pulp cells (iHDPCs) acquired long-term proliferative activity and expressed most HDPC markers. The iHDPCs maintained multiple differentiation potential and could be induced to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic cells in vitro. We also proved that the iHDPCs gained a stronger ability to migrate than the primary cells, while apoptosis was inhibited. Furthermore, highly proliferative iHDPCs displayed no oncogenicity when subcutaneously implanted into athymic nude mice. Finally, iHDPCs exhibited odontogenic differentiation ability and secreted dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) when combined with a beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in vivo. Conclusively, the established iHDPCs are a valuable resource for mechanistic study of dental pulp cell differentiation and dental pulp injury repair, as well as for applications in tooth regeneration.
Modulation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Transcriptome by G-CSF Stimulation
Authors: Avila-Portillo Luz M. , Aristizabal Fabio , Riveros Angela , Abba Martin C. , Correa Diego
Published: February 2020

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit multidifferentiation potential, paralleled with immunomodulatory and trophic properties that make them viable alternative tools for the treatment of degenerative disorders, allograft rejection, autoimmune diseases, and tissue regeneration. MSC functional attributes can be modulated by exposing them to inflammatory-stimulating microenvironments (i.e., priming) before their therapeutic use. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that plays key roles in immune response and hematopoiesis modulation through direct effects on hematopoietic progenitors’ proliferation, survival, and mobilization. Despite the established roles of MSCs supporting hematopoiesis, the effects of G-CSF on MSCs biology have not been thoroughly explored. This study reveals that G-CSF has also direct effects on adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs), modulating their functions. Herein, microarray-based transcriptomic analysis shows that G-CSF stimulation in vitro results in modulation of various signaling pathways including ones related with the metabolism of hyaluronan (HA), conferring a profile of cell mobilization to ADSCs, mediated in a cell-intrinsic fashion in part by reducing CD44 expression and HA synthesis-related genes. Collectively, these data suggest a direct modulatory effect of G-CSF on ADSC function, potentially altering their therapeutic capacity and thus the design of future clinical protocols.
Structural Redundancy Assessment of Adjacent Precast Concrete Box‐Beam Bridges in Service
Authors: Leng Yanling , Zhang Jinquan , Jiang Ruinian , Xiao Yangjian
Published: February 2020

Present approaches for assessing bridge redundancy are mainly based on nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. Unfortunately, the real behavior of bridges in the nonlinear range is difficult to evaluate and a sound basis for the nonlinear FE analysis is not available. In addition, a nonlinear FE analysis is not feasible for practitioners to use. To tackle this problem, a new simplified approach based on linear FE analysis and field load testing is introduced in this paper to address the particular structural feature and topology of adjacent precast concrete box‐beam bridges for the assessment of structural redundancy. The approach was first experimentally analyzed on a model bridge and then validated by a case study. The approach agrees well with the existing recognized method while reducing the computation complexity and improving the reliability. The analysis reveals that the level of redundancy of the bridge in the case study does not meet the recommended standard, indicating that the system factor recommended by the current bridge evaluation code for this bridge is inappropriate if considering the field condition. Further research on the redundancy level of this type of bridges is consequently recommended.
Research Progress and Development Trends of Materials Genome Technology
Authors: Xiong Shuling , Wang Luohan
Published: February 2020

Materials genome is a subversive frontier technology emerging in the field of international materials in recent years and also a propeller for the development of new materials. It brings fundamental changes to the traditional material research mode, aiming to accelerate the research and development of new materials and reduce costs, so as to support the development of electronic information, energy and environmental protection, aerospace, and other industries. In this paper, we introduce the strategic significance, national layout, and methods of materials genome technology and emphatically introduce the design idea and development status of materials database method. Then we summarize the development trends of materials genome and put forward suggestions for its future research, aiming to provide references for the development direction of materials genome technology in various countries, especially in developing countries.
A Dual-Thread Method for Time-Optimal Trajectory Planning in Joint Space Based on Improved NGA
Authors: Zhang Kaipeng , Liu Ning , Wang Gao
Published: February 2020

To solve the problem that the time-consuming optimization process of Genetic Algorithm (GA) can erode the expected time-saving brought by the algorithm, time-optimal trajectory planning based on cubic spline was used, after the modification to classical fitness sharing function of NGA, a dual-threaded method utilizing elite strategy characteristic was designed which was based on Niche Genetic Algorithm (NGA) with the fitness sharing technique. The simulation results show that the proposed method can mitigate the contradiction of the long term the optimization algorithm takes but a short running time the trajectory gets, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Besides, the improved fitness sharing technique has reduced the subjective process of determining relevant parameters and the optimized trajectory results met performance constraints of the robot joints.
Elliptical Ring Antenna Excited by Circular Disc Monopole for UWB Communications
Authors: Nakprasit Krittaya , Sakonkanapong Arnon , Phongcharoenpanich Chuwong
Published: February 2020

This research proposes a compact elliptical ring antenna excited by a circular disc monopole (CDM) for ultra-wideband (UWB) communications. In the study, time- and frequency-domain pulse distortions of the antenna in the transmission mode were characterized by magnitude and phase of the antenna transfer function (Hrad). The results showed that the gain and magnitude of Hrad in the boresight direction are sufficiently flat with linear phase response. The average antenna gain is 3.9 dBi over the UWB spectrum. The antenna also exhibits low pulse distortion with the correlation factors (ρ) of 0.98 and 0.93 for the fifth-order derivative Gaussian pulse and modulated Gaussian pulse with 6 GHz band rejection. The CDM-excited elliptical ring antenna possesses several attractive features, including wide bandwidth, flat gain, compactness, low cost, and low distortion.
Dynamic Measurement of Legs Motion in Sagittal Plane Based on Soft Wearable Sensors
Authors: Feng Yaqing , Li Yongze , McCoul David , Qin Shihao , Jin Tao , Huang Bo , Zhao Jianwen
Published: February 2020

Human motion capture is widely used in exoskeleton robots, human-computer interaction, sports analysis, rehabilitation training, and many other fields. However, soft-sensor-based wearable dynamic measurement has not been well achieved. In this paper, the dynamic measurements of legs were investigated by using dielectric elastomers as stain sensors, and an alternating signal was applied to detect the dynamic rotational angles of the legs. To realize a quick response, parameters of the sensors were optimized by circuit analysis. The sensor can detect hip, knee, and ankle joint motions with a sample frequency of 200 Hz. The measurements of the sensors were compared with a commercial motion capture system from PhaseSpace, and dynamic errors between them were smaller than 3° when squatting and walking at low speed and smaller than 5° when walking at high speed. Experiments therefore demonstrate the feasibility of the integrated wearable stretch sensors with pants.
Application of Acupuncture to Attenuate Immune Responses and Oxidative Stress in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Ho Yuen-Shan , Zhao Fei-Yi , Yeung Wing-Fai , Wong Gordon Tin-Chun , Zhang Hong-Qi , Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung
Published: February 2020

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common sequela following surgery and hospitalization. The prevention and management of POCD are important during clinical practice. POCD more commonly affects elderly patients who have undergone major surgery and can result in major decline in quality of life for both patients and their families. Acupuncture has been suggested as an effective intervention for many neurological disorders. In recent years, there are increasing interest in the use of acupuncture to prevent and treat POCD. In this review, we summarized the clinical and preclinical evidence of acupuncture on POCD using a narrative approach and discussed the potential mechanisms involved. The experimental details and findings of studies were summarized in tables and analyzed. Most of the clinical studies suggested that acupuncture before surgery could reduce the incidence of POCD and reduce the levels of systematic inflammatory markers. However, their reliability is limited by methodological flaws. Animal studies showed that acupuncture reduced cognitive impairment and the associated pathology after various types of surgery. It is possible that acupuncture modulates inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic changes, and other cellular events to mitigate POCD. In conclusion, acupuncture is a potential intervention for POCD. More clinical studies with good research design are required to confirm its effectiveness. At the same time, findings from animal studies will help reveal the protective mechanisms, in which systematic inflammation is likely to play a major role.
Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Relation to Mammographic Density in 23,456 Women
Authors: McBride Russell B. , Fei Kezhen , Rothstein Joseph H. , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Song Xiaoyu , Sakoda Lori C. , McGuire Valerie , Achacoso Ninah , Acton Luana , Liang Rhea Y. , Lipson Jafi A. , Yaffe Martin J. , Rubin Daniel L. , Whittemore Alice S. , Habel Laurel A. , Sieh Weiva
Published: February 2020

Background:

Percent density (PD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer that is potentially modifiable by lifestyle factors. PD is a composite of the dense (DA) and nondense (NDA) areas of a mammogram, representing predominantly fibroglandular or fatty tissues, respectively. Alcohol and tobacco use have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, their effects on mammographic density (MD) phenotypes are poorly understood.

Methods:

We examined associations of alcohol and tobacco use with PD, DA, and NDA in a population-based cohort of 23,456 women screened using full-field digital mammography machines manufactured by Hologic or General Electric. MD was measured using Cumulus. Machine-specific effects were estimated using linear regression, and combined using random effects meta-analysis.

Results:

Alcohol use was positively associated with PD (Ptrend = 0.01), unassociated with DA (Ptrend = 0.23), and inversely associated with NDA (Ptrend = 0.02) adjusting for age, body mass index, reproductive factors, physical activity, and family history of breast cancer. In contrast, tobacco use was inversely associated with PD (Ptrend = 0.0008), unassociated with DA (Ptrend = 0.93), and positively associated with NDA (Ptrend<0.0001). These trends were stronger in normal and overweight women than in obese women.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that associations of alcohol and tobacco use with PD result more from their associations with NDA than DA.

Impact:

PD and NDA may mediate the association of alcohol drinking, but not tobacco smoking, with increased breast cancer risk. Further studies are needed to elucidate the modifiable lifestyle factors that influence breast tissue composition, and the important role of the fatty tissues on breast health.
Survey Item Response Rates by Survey Modality, Language, and Sociodemographic Factors in a Large U.S. Cohort
Authors: Rittase Melissa , Kirkland Elizabeth , Dudas Daniela M. , Patel Alpa V.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Large-scale prospective cohorts traditionally use English, paper-based, mailed surveys, but Web-based surveys can lower costs and increase data quality, and multi-language surveys may aid in capturing diverse populations. Little evidence exists examining item response for multiple survey modalities or languages in epidemiologic cohorts.

Methods:

A total of 254,475 men and women completed a comprehensive lifestyle and medical survey at enrollment (2006–2013) for the Cancer Prevention Study-3, a U.S.-based prospective cohort. Web-based (English only) or paper (Spanish or English) surveys were offered. Using generalized linear models, differences in item response rates overall and by topical areas (e.g., reproductive history) by modality and language were examined. We further examined whether differences in response quality by sociodemographic characteristics within each survey modality existed.

Results:

Overall, English Web-based surveys had the highest average item response rate (97.6%), followed by English paper (95.5%) and Spanish paper (83.1%). Lower item response rates were seen among nonwhite, lower income, or less-educated participants. When examining individual survey sections by topic, results varied the most for residential history, with the lowest item response rate among Spanish language respondents (women, 62.7% and men, 64.3%) and the highest in English language Web-based, followed by paper respondents (women, 94.6% and men, 95.3%; and women, 92.8% and men, 92.1%, respectively).

Conclusions:

This study supports that utilizing multimodal survey approaches in epidemiologic studies does not differentially affect data quality. However, for some topic areas, further analysis should be considered for assessing data quality differences in Spanish language surveys.

Impact:

Multimodal survey administration is effective in nondifferentially capturing high-quality data.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Modernizing Population Science.”
Serum PIWI-Interacting RNAs piR-020619 and piR-020450 Are Promising Novel Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhenfei , Yang Hao , Ma Daguang , Mu Yongping , Tan Xiaohui , Hao Qin , Feng Li , Liang Junqing , Xin Wen , Chen Yongxia , Wu Yingcai , Jia Yongfeng , Zhao Haiping
Published: February 2020

Background:

Early diagnosis can significantly reduce colorectal cancer deaths. We sought to identify serum PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that could serve as sensitive and specific noninvasive biomarkers for early colorectal cancer detection.

Methods:

We screened the piRNA expression profile in sera from 7 patients with colorectal cancer and 7 normal controls using small RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed piRNAs were measured in a training cohort of 140 patients with colorectal cancer and 140 normal controls using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The identified piRNAs were evaluated in two independent validation cohorts of 180 patients with colorectal cancer and 180 normal controls. Finally, the diagnostic value of the identified piRNAs for colorectal adenoma (CRA) was assessed, and their expression was measured in 50 patients with lung cancer, 50 with breast cancer, and 50 with gastric cancer.

Results:

The piRNAs piR-020619 and piR-020450 were consistently elevated in sera of patients with colorectal cancer as compared with controls. A predicative panel based on the two piRNAs was established that displayed high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer detection. The two-piRNA panel could detect small-size and early-stage colorectal cancer with an area under the ROC curve of 0.863 and 0.839, respectively. Combined use of the two piRNAs could effectively distinguish CRA from controls. Aberrant elevation of the two piRNAs was not observed in sera of patients with lung, breast, and gastric cancer.

Conclusions:

Serum piR-020619 and piR-020450 show a strong potential as colorectal cancer-specific early detection biomarkers.

Impact:

The field of circulating piRNAs could allow for novel tumor biomarker development.
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization of Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma to the Liver following Systemic Chemotherapy and Surgical Resection of the Primary Lesion
Authors: Pigg Nicholas , Aboubechara Daniel , Fourzali Roberto , Baigorri Brian
Published: February 2020

Use of yttrium-90 (Y-90) is used for primary liver tumors and a handful of liver metastatic lesions. Y-90 treatment for metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to the liver is currently off-label, with one previously documented case report. In this case report, we present a 52-year-old woman with ACC and extensive liver metastatic disease. After failed chemotherapy, multidisciplinary discussion suggested potential Y-90 treatment for palliative purposes. After undergoing Y-90 treatment separately to the right and then the left hepatic lobes, subsequent patient visits demonstrated significantly improved clinical function as well as complete radiographic resolution of liver metastatic disease mainly from ACC. This case report demonstrates the potential efficacy of Y-90 for off-label uses in liver metastatic disease. This case and similar cases may open the door to a wide variety of potential indications for Y-90 treatment.
New records of the Flat-headed Cat Prionailurus planiceps (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in western Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Mohd-Azlan Jayasilan , Thaqifah Syaza Jailan
Published: February 2020

The Endangered Flat-headed Cat is threatened due to loss of lowland and wetland habitats.  Its elusive nature and low density occurrence make field sampling difficult.  Compilation of records from both camera trapping and direct observation can provide important updates to its current distribution in Sarawak.  In western Sarawak, the Flat-headed Cat was recorded in Maludam National Park, in Ulu Sebuyau National Park and at Sarawak River, which are the first confirmed records.  The Flat-headed Cat appears to inhabit swamp forest in pristine protected areas as well as near human settlements.  The conservation of peat swamp forests is crucial for its long-term persistence.
Foreword to the second special issue on small wild cats
Authors: Appel Angie , Mukherjee Shomita
Published: February 2020

We are delighted to present the second special issue on small wild cats that covers seven species with important updates on their distribution, tenacity and adaptability. Obtaining such information is now possible because of camera trapping becoming affordable and popular. The enthusiasm of the authors who contributed to this issue will hopefully inspire you.
Total Sitting Time and Sitting Pattern in Postmenopausal Women Differ by Hispanic Ethnicity and are Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers
Authors: Chang Ya‐Ju , Bellettiere John , Godbole Suneeta , Keshavarz Samaneh , Maestas Joseph P. , Unkart Jonathan T. , Ervin Daniel , Allison Matthew A. , Rock Cheryl L. , Patterson Ruth E. , Jankowska Marta M. , Kerr Jacqueline , Natarajan Loki , Sears Dorothy D.
Published: February 2020

Background

Sedentary behavior is pervasive, especially in older adults, and is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Relationships between cardiometabolic biomarkers and sitting time are unexplored in older women, as are possible ethnic differences.

Methods and Results

Ethnic differences in sitting behavior and associations with cardiometabolic risk were explored in overweight/obese postmenopausal women (n=518; mean±
SD
age 63±6 years; mean body mass index 31.4±4.8 kg/m
2
). Accelerometer data were processed using validated machine‐learned algorithms to measure total daily sitting time and mean sitting bout duration (an indicator of sitting behavior pattern). Multivariable linear regression was used to compare sitting among Hispanic women (n=102) and non‐Hispanic women (n=416) and tested associations with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. Hispanic women sat, on average, 50.3 minutes less/day than non‐Hispanic women (
P
<0.001) and had shorter (3.6 minutes less,
P
=0.02) mean sitting bout duration. Among all women, longer total sitting time was deleteriously associated with fasting insulin and triglyceride concentrations, insulin resistance, body mass index and waist circumference; longer mean sitting bout duration was deleteriously associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, body mass index and waist circumference. Exploratory interaction analysis showed that the association between mean sitting bout duration and fasting glucose concentration was significantly stronger among Hispanic women than non‐Hispanic women (
P
‐interaction=0.03).

Conclusions

Ethnic differences in 2 objectively measured parameters of sitting behavior, as well as detrimental associations between parameters and cardiometabolic biomarkers were observed in overweight/obese older women. The detrimental association between mean sitting bout duration and fasting glucose may be greater in Hispanic women than in non‐Hispanic women. Corroboration in larger studies is warranted.
Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease and All‐Cause Mortality in Female Survivors of Domestic Abuse
Authors: Chandan Joht Singh , Thomas Tom , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Taylor Julie , Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah
Published: February 2020

Background

Domestic abuse (
DA
) against women is a global public health problem. Although the possible health burden could be substantial, the associations between
DA
and subsequent cardiometabolic disease (cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and all‐cause mortality are poorly understood.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study consisted of
UK
‐based primary care patients between January 1, 1995, to December 1, 2017. Overall, 18 547 women exposed to
DA
were matched to 72 231 unexposed women by age and lifestyle factors. The main outcomes, presented as adjusted incidence rate ratios (
IRRs
), were the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all‐cause mortality. In total, 181 exposed women experienced a cardiovascular disease event compared with 644 of the unexposed control group, relating to an increased adjusted
IRR
of 1.31 (95%
CI
, 1.11–1.55;
P
=0.001). There was also an increased risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjusted IRR: 1.51; 95%
CI
, 1.30–1.76;
P
<0.001) and all‐cause mortality (adjusted IRR: 1.44; 95%
CI
, 1.24–1.67;
P
<0.001) following exposure to
DA
. This observation was not seen with hypertension (adjusted
IRR
: 0.99; 95%
CI
, 0.88–1.12;
P
=0.873).

Conclusions

There is an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all‐cause mortality in female survivors of
DA
. However, there is no association with the development of hypertension in this group, in keeping with previous literature. Considering the high prevalence of
DA
, clinicians should be made aware of the disproportionally increased risk and thus are encouraged to manage modifiable risk factors actively in this group.