bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELAKSANAAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PT. INDONESIA POWER UPJP KAMOJANG
Authors: Muhammad Cita Insaniah , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Resnawaty Risna
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT The concept of corporate social responsibility has been around for thousands of years. The concept of corporate social responsibility has increasingly developed at the beginning of the industrial revolution which began to focus on the problem of corporate responsibility. The implementation of CSR is considered as an effort to create good companies in the public eye. John Elkinkon through the concept of "3P" (profit, people and planet) as a way for companies to survive by making a positive contribution to society (people) and actively taking part in preserving the environment (planet). Budimantara also explained the type of CSR implementation, namely community relations, community services, and community empowering. This study uses the literature study method as an analytic tool. The data used are primary data from interviews and student data.  ABSTRAK Konsep corporate social responsibility sudah ada sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu. Konsep corporate social responsibility  ini semakin berkembang pada awal masa revolusi industri yang mulai berfokus pada masalah tanggung jawab perusahaan. Pelaksanaan CSR dianggap sebagai upaya untuk menciptakan baik perusahaan dimata publik. John Elkinkon melalui konsep “3P” (profit, people, dan planet) sebagai cara bagi perusahaan ingin bertahan dengan memberikan kontribusi positif kepada masyarakat (people) dan ikut aktif dalam menjaga kelestarian lingkungan (planet). Budimantara juga menjelaskan tipe pelaksanaan CSR yaitu community relations, community services, dan community empowering. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur sebagai tools analysist. Data yang digunakan data primer dari wawancara dan data sekuder.
Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan dari Sudut Pandang Teori Akuntansi Positif
Authors: Utami Yunita Putri , Andreas Hans Hananto
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh rencana bonus, rasio hutang, dan biaya politik terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014-2016. Rencana bonus diukur dengan return on assets (ROA), rasio hutang diukur menggunakan debt to equity ratio (DER), biaya politik diukur dengan total aset perusahaan, sedangkan CSR diukur menggunakan standar GRI G4. Sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling, dengan total sampel sebanyak 288 perusahaan. Rencana bonus dan biaya politik berpengaruh positif terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, sedangkan rasio hutang tidak berpengaruh terhadap tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan.
Endocrine disruptive compounds and male reproduction
Authors: Michal Ješeta , Eva Chmelíková , Igor Crha , Markéta Sedmíková , Jana Žáková , Pavel Ventruba
Published: January 2019

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemical substances that affect physiological processes in the organism via hormonal regulation. The EDs are present in the environment and objects of everyday use. They are often detected in food, particularly released from packaging of canned food, but also from plastic water bottles, and they are also found in cosmetics and fertilizers. They are commonly detected in children's toys, banknotes, receipts and many more objects. Permanent and long-term utilization of EDs has harmful effects on human reproductive health mainly by interference with sex hormone synthesis and mechanism of action. The endocrine disruptors show many negative effects on male reproductive system. Any change during synthesis or activity of sex hormones can cause abnormal reproduction, including developmental anomalies of the sexual system, disruption of testicular development or deterioration of sperm quality. Mainly the impact on the development of testicles in prenatal and early postnatal period can be crucial for reproductive health in males. This review provides an overview of the EDs and their possible impact on reproductive health in males with focus on sperm quality and development of testicles.
The influence of selected risk factors on premature birth - statistical research
Authors: Borowiec Blanka , Hadada Tomasz , Kosińska Magdalena
Published: January 2019

For a very long time, scientists have been interested in preterm births, which are an extremely interesting object of research, and are worth investigating in context of a vast number of new clinical applications. A number of factors may contribute to the early termination of pregnancy, including groups related to the conditions of mother's organism. In this work, it was examined whether environmental, maternal and fetal factors could affect normal time of birth. Variables that were considered to influence the length of prenatal development were categorized as biological, describing the state of mother's health and pregnancy, and those describing the socio-economic status of parents. The research material was subjected to exploratory analysis. For categorized variables, numerical tables were constructed, and for quantitative variables the basic measures of position and variability were presented (mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, median, quartile distribution). To analyze the differences in the frequency distributions of the examined variables, the χ2 tests were used. To estimate the duration of the pregnancy of the tested mothers, the survival analysis (the product limit method - Kaplan-Meier method) was applied. The analysis showed a statistically significant effect on the duration of pregnancy and the nature of its course, indicating a shortening of pregnancy in the presence of risk factors (χ2=196,23; df = 4; p<0,001). The course of the curves shows an increase in the frequency of premature delivery in the case of clinically diagnosed risk factors. This will certainly provide a strong basis for improving the care of premature newborns and minimizing the risk for the mother.
Forgotten Topological Index of Line Graphs of Some Chemical Structures in Drugs
Authors: Mehak Gul E , Bhatti Akhlaq Ahmad
Published: January 2019

A large number of drug experiments revealed that there exists strong inherent relation between the drugs molecular structures and the bio-medical and pharmacology characteristics. Due to the effectiveness for pharmaceutical and medical scientists of their ability to grasp the biological and chemical characteristics of new drugs, forgotten topological index was defined to analyze the drug molecular structures. This index is applicable for testing the chemical and pharmacological properties of drug molecular structures that can make up for lack of chemical experiments and can provide a theoretical basis for the manufacturing of drugs which is widely welcomed in developing areas. In this paper, based on the drug molecular structure analysis and vertex dividing technique with respect to their degrees, we present the forgotten topological index of the line graphs of several popular chemical structures which is quite common in drug molecular graphs.
Influence of Concentrations of Methacrylate and Acrylate Monomers on the Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Materials
Authors: Tugut Faik , Turgut Mehmet , Saraydin Dursun
Published: January 2019

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding different concentrations of 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), ethyl methacrylate (EA) and isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) monomers on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced heat-polymerized acrylic resin. For each test, 126 acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into 6 groups with 7 specimens each. One group was the control group, the other one is a fiber reinforced group and others were the test groups, which were formed according to the different concentrations of monomers. 6 mm length, and the weight ratio of 3% short glass fibers are added to acrylic powder polymerized by heating. The 2%, 5%, 10%, at 20 % ratios of different comonomers added to a monomer of MMA are composed of copolymer structures. Flexural strength was assessed with a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine. Impact strength testing was conducted using an impact test machine by the Charpy method. The analysis of the connection between acrylic resin and fiber by SEM and structural changes in the acrylic resin was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Data analyses using analysis of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05) significant difference tests showed that adding 2%, 5% HEMA and IBMA monomers significantly increased the flexural and impact strength compared to the control, only fiber and others group (P< 0.05). It is observed that the process of adding low concentration of HEMA and IBMA monomers improved certain mechanical properties of fiber reinforced with polymethylmethacrylate.
Possibilities of Psychological Intervention on Social Networks
Authors: Madro Marek
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
Nowadays we are looking for help and answers to our questions more and more often on the Internet. People use social networks to search for communities or groups whose members experience similar difficulties. These are often online groups that focus on psychological problems, domestic violence, etc. Members receive instant feedback and at the same time, due to the online disinhibition effect, they do not feel the fear, shame or worries they would feel in personal contact (Griffiths, 2005). The content of such self-help groups is not always helpful, but may rather induce pathological behaviour. However, the group administrator can influence the atmosphere in the group and its content itself (Niwa & Mandrusiak, 2012).

Purpose:
The purpose of this research was to find a space to perform professional psychological interventions inside online self-help groups on social networks. The concept of a field worker was used in this research. The field worker offers helping services to clients in an environment natural to them and where the worker can provide the client with emergency help during the crisis and prevent other clients from offering risk advices (Ambrózová, Vitálošová, & Labáth, 2006).

Methods:
We have conducted qualitative research using the method of content-frequency analysis. The sample for this study consisted of 10 closed online self-help groups focusing on topics such as depression, anxiety disorder, domestic violence, self-injurious and suicidal thoughts and tendencies, etc. For the purpose of this research we created an online group moderated by professionals, focusing on similar topics of mental disorders.

Conclusions:
The research results indicated that group members exchanged useful information (35.43%), described their current difficulties they were experiencing (32.33%), shared their own experiences (10.53%), and also published information on what had helped them manage the difficult feelings and situations they had been experiencing (6.39%). However, we also identified risky statements and threatening recommendations in posts and comments. Based on the results, we outlined the possibilities of online field worker interventions and described techniques of interventions that the professional can use for the benefit of group members.
Inclusion, Diversity, Equality in Non-Formal Education through the Optic of Youth and Youth Workers
Authors: Brestovanský Martin , Gubricová Janette , Liberčanová Kristína , Bizová Naďa , Geršicová Zuzana
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
The aim of the study was to find out what is the understanding of relatively new terms coming into the cultures of Middle-European countries – inclusion, diversity, and equality (hereinafter referred to as IDE) – from the point of view of young people (n=30) and youth workers (n=16) in Slovakia.

Methods:
For data gathering, we used a method of focus groups (4 meetings). Data analysis was based on three criteria: consistency in understanding the terms, an overview of types of obstacles that keep young people from self-realisation and an explicit or implicit expression of understanding the basic principles of inclusion in education. The content of IDE terms was mostly from the area of the social field. The term diversity was closely explained in the psychological-personal fields.

Results:
The most frequent obstacles for applying IDE approaches were seen in the social, health and religious spheres. From the pedagogical and methodological point of view, the problem is also in the difficulty of preparing the projects based on the principles of IDE while the youth workers proclaim autonomy in solutions and do not trust the possibilities of using general methods because of specific need resulting from the specific context of their work. Also, they proclaim natural applying of the IDE principles and the existence of specific needs in the informal education does not represent any problem for the inclusion of the group members in the activities of the organisation.

Limitations:
Work with youth is very varied. Performs in different areas of life and also involves working with different groups of young people. The selected research sample consists of youth and youth workers who are only a partial sample of the sample. It is assumed that in a larger group of respondents (both youth workers and youths themselves), respondents' views may differ somewhat in some of the areas studied.

Conclusions:
This research provides information on understanding, implementation and obstacles to applying the principles of inclusion, equality and diversity in practice. We believe that the information we receive is very valuable as it opens the imaginative door to the specific kitchens of individual youth organizations where these principles are directly implemented. They show their nature of application in practice, they suggest some risks, as well as a certain bias towards the application of the terms emerging (probably?) from theory. As can be seen from the results of our research, the emergence of specific needs in non-formal education in practice does not pose a problem in the inclusion of group members in leisure activities.
Some quality parameters of mustards from the Romanian market
Authors: Damian Cristina , Leahu Ana , Ropciuc Sorina , Oroian Mircea-Adrian
Published: January 2019

Five commercial mustards, made by different manufacturers, were studied to examine their physico-chemical properties and to establish relationships between those properties. Physico-chemical analysis revealed distinct differences between the mustards in the dry matter and extract contents and smaller differences in the protein, fat and ash levels. Two of the investigated mustards did not satisfy the requirements of the relevant Romanian standard regarding dry matter content. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant linear correlations between the dry matter, fat, protein and ash contents of mustards and some parameters of rheological model.
Directions of Polderization in the Middle Basin of the Odra River
Authors: Golik Dawid , Gortych Marta , Kołodziejczyk Urszula
Published: January 2019

As an effective way of flood prevention it is widely accepted to construct flood embankments. These structures are getting bigger as the river changes from meandring to successive development of floodplain and narrowing the embankment. Meanwhile, it is worth returning old solutions and reactivating old floodplain polders. There are currently three polders on the central Odra River: Kiełcz-Tarnów-Bycki – with a capacity of approximately 15 million m3, Połupin – with a capacity of 70 million m3 and Krzesin-Bytomiec – with a capacity of 20 million m3. Three further reservoirs are designed in: Urad – 30 million ha, Słubice Górzyca – 60 million ha and Ługi Górzyckie – 30 million ha. The authors propose additionally a reactivation of seven archival polders, with total capacity of approximately 4.9 million m3.
Verification of the Simulation Model Based on the Example of Combined Sewage System in Głogów
Authors: Nowogoński Ireneusz
Published: January 2019

The verification of simulation model of combined sewage system was presented in article. The model of sewage system functioning in Głogów was developed using SWMM 5.1 (Storm Water Management Model) software. It was calibrated based on the results of field studies from the years 2011–13, while the properness of its activity was verified for the results of measurements carried out in 2014. The verification of the model showed acceptable discrepancies between the measured and simulated values of flow rates. Factors which caused differences were indicated and, on the basis of this, conclusions pertaining to further studies were formulated.
Biodeterioration Due to Improper Exploitation of External Facades
Authors: Piontek Marlena , Lechów Hanna
Published: January 2019

Unaesthetic stains and deposits often form on external facades (especially those facing the north) in places where barriers were installed on them. Such places include, for example: fragments of facades in which external window sills were mounted, canopies, downspouts, boxes, advertising billboards, flags holders, lightning conductors, aerials as well as facade steps, and many others. During exploitation, elevations are exposed to water retention. In places were barriers are installed, moisture occurs with greater intensity than in other parts of the facade. Over time, in addition to the aesthetic problem, this results in biodeterioration (biological corrosion), induced by the deposited biological factors. The article presents the issue of placing barriers on external facades, on the example of buildings developed in Zielona Góra.
Low-Emission Economy - Evolution or Necessity
Authors: Godzisz Karolina
Published: January 2019

A low carbon economy serves to provide economic, social and environmental benefits from measures to reduce emissions of pollutants. The implementation of a low carbon economy in Poland results from the need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants while reducing the share of coal in energy production, introducing innovative technologies and improving energy efficiency as well as increasing the standard of living of the society. This is a difficult task due to the large use of coal in energy production. The article describes the goals of creating Low Carbon Economy Plans by local government units at the local level and their use in applying for financial resources in the financial perspective 2014-2020.
The Risk Assessment for a Single Building on the Landslide Areas and Floodplains
Authors: Kokoszka Wanda
Published: January 2019

Mass movements and floods are natural hazards posing a threat to the environment and bring significant economic losses. The flooding and landslide are risks in the municipalities of south-eastern Poland. Long-lasting rains cause initialize process of landslides on the slopes above the river valley, as well as flooding of local infrastructures (buildings, roads, railway tracks) located near water courses. Monitoring of geotechnical and hydrological parameters of the area is the base for the prognosis, as well as the risk assessment associated with them. So, in the paper highlights the issue of the consistency of monitoring and warning systems for these two threats. For landslides work SOPO - System Guards Against Landslides. Hydrogeological bases are defined for floodplains as The Computer System of the National Guard - ISOK. However, notable is the lack of integrity of both systems. In this paper a proposal to determine the overall risk for both threats in case of a single building is presented.
Analysis of Geotechnical Properties of Miocene Deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep
Authors: Kokoszka Wanda , Skrzypczak Izabela , Wilk Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

The Miocene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep are relatively poorly recognized in geotechnical terms. The article analyzes the properties of the Krakowiec clays of the Przemyśl region, in particular physical and deformation parameters. In this part of the Carpathian Foredeep, clay usually occurs at considerable depth under younger Quaternary deposits. Particular attention was paid to the structural characterization of the tested samples. Structural heterogeneity of the studied clay, noticeable already at the stage of macroscopic studies, causes difficulties in conducting laboratory tests of strength parameters, especially the angle of internal friction and cohesion. The specific, layered, claysilt structure may cause difficulties in assessing load-bearing capacity and stability of the ground made of this type of soil. The unusual structure should draw attention of the contractors of geological-engineering and geotechnical documentation and encourage them to check mechanical properties by testing material with direct methods. An important issue is also forecasting changes in strain parameters in relation to the estimation of the effects of settlements of engineering structures.
The Possibility to Use Modified Flight Ash as a Neutralizer in the Acid Soils Reclamation Processes
Authors: Ćwiąkała Michał , Greinert Andrzej , Kostecki Jakub , Rafalski Leszek
Published: January 2019

Using the alkaline fly ash after combustion of lignite as the acid soils neutralizer is a technique known for decades. Due to many disadvantages of the direct fly ash application it is sought to modify this material prior to its use. The process of fly ash modification in the magnetic activator involved breaking up fly ash to small grain sizes in order to obtain a material with a very large specific surface and modified properties. The purpose of the research was to compare the properties of unmodified fly ash with those of ash modified in the magnetic activator in terms of its usefulness in the neutralization of acidic soils. Unmodified fly ash was classified as a medium-grained calciferous material. The basic components of ash were silicates (33.28% of SiO2) and calcium compounds (31.26% of CaO). It has a low heavy metal content falling within a range characteristic of coal ash and meeting soil quality standard requirements. As a result of activation, the following changes were obtained in the properties of modified ash compared with unmodified ash: sand fraction content – reduced to 0.40, silt fraction content – increased by 1.40, silt fraction content – increased by 1.68, content of the sum of the dust and silt fractions – increased by 1.49, specific surface – increased by 1.65, fineness – reduced by 0.48. Modification of fly ash in the magnetic activator was found to have improved the physical properties of ash as acidic soil neutralizer, and its chemical properties make such an application possible.
Selected Ancient Stone Bridges with Corbelled False-Arch Structure
Authors: Maślak Mariusz , Partov Doncho
Published: January 2019

The oldest man-made false-arch stone bridges are presented and briefly described. It is shown that this construction technique was based on the experiences of the first builders, formed at the junction of ancient Egyptian, Mycenaean as well as Assyrian and Babylonian cultures. Arches in such bridges have not yet been constructed in a classical manner, i.e. one that was later prevalent by the Romans, but these were only the primitive arch-like structures, with a false needle vault, that were shaped mainly by corbelling. This type of the structure, if it was used in bridges, turned out to be much more stable than the well-known at that time and commonly used in gateway passages oval “true-arch” built from sun-dried mud bricks.
Dynamic Behavior of A High-Rise Building Under Seismic Loads for Different Bearing Frame Types
Authors: Sakharov Volodymyr , Lytvyn Oleksandr , Pidlutskyi Vasyl
Published: January 2019

Paper presents the results of dynamic behavior analysis of a high-rise building under seismic loads as part of the “base-foundation-building” system. Analysis covers different types of reinforced concrete construction with girder frame and non-girder frame. Using modal analysis, paper presents differences in mode shapes and frequencies caused by the presence or absence of girders. Paper also demonstrates variations in the stress-strain state for the vertical bearing structures under the seismic load for different frame types.
The deepest Moho in the Western Carpathians and its respective crustal density model (CEL12 section)
Authors: Godová Dominika , Bielik Miroslav , Šimonová Barbora
Published: January 2019

The main aim of this study is to compile 2-D density model of the CELEBRATION 2000 profile CEL12, which is based on seismic refraction data. The profile CEL12 crosses the External Western Carpathians Flysch zone and is located in the southern part of Poland. The general feature of the resultant density model shows significant changes in the crustal thickness. The Moho depth changes in the interval from 31 km to 43 km. The interpreted 43 km crustal thickness over a 60 km section of the profile results in the discovery of an area, which represents the thickest crust in the entire West Carpathians. This area is situated ~50 km north-east from the High Tatras in Poland.
Lithological composition in deep geothermal source reservoirs of temperature 160 °C in the territory of Slovakia
Authors: Bezák Vladimír , Majcin Dušan
Published: January 2019

Our contribution presents the geological analysis results of the lithological composition for deep geothermal sources characterized by the thermal conditions suitable for application of classic hydrothermal sources exploitation and specialized EGS technologies for the electricity production in the territory of Slovakia. The results are presented in the form of lithological characterization for the isothermal surface depths with the reservoir temperature of 160 °C. The lithological conditions of geothermal source regions were constructed using available published and archive materials. From the point of view of technically utilized depths (up to 5000 m) there are two most perspective regions – Eastern Slovakia and Danube Basin with surrounding areas. We tried to characterize supposed lithological composition also in second category of geothermal sources between 5and 6km.
What is it Like to See a Bat? a Critique of Dretske’s Representationalist Theory of Qualia
Authors: Bailey Andrew
Published: January 2019

This paper critiques the representationalist account of qualia, focussing on the Representational Naturalism presented by Fred Dretske in Naturalizing the Mind. After laying out Dretske’s theory of qualia and making clear its externalist consequences, I argue that Dretske’s definition is either too liberal or runs into problems defending its requirements, in particular ‘naturalness’ and ‘mentalness.’ I go on to show that Dretske’s account of qualia falls foul of the argument from misperception in such a way that Dretske must either admit that his kind of qualia have nothing at all to do with what mental life subjectively feels like, or that veridical perception involves qualia and misperception does not.
Hobartian Voluntarism and Epistemic Deontologism
Authors: Buckareff Andrei
Published: January 2019

Mark Heller has recently offered a proposal in defense of a fairly strong version of doxastic voluntarism. Heller looks to the compatibilist theory of free will proposed by R.E. Hobart in the first half of the twentieth century for an account of doxastic control. Heller’s defense of Hobartian Voluntarism is motivated by an appeal to epistemic deontologism. In this paper I argue that Heller’s defense of a version of strong or direct doxastic voluntarism ultimately fails. I finally argue that the failure of his theory of epistemic agency does not imply the untenability of epistemic deontologism.
Imagining subjective absence: Marcus on zombies
Authors: Alter Torin
Published: January 2019

The claim that zombies are conceivable is a premise of one of the most important anti-physicalist arguments. Eric Marcus (2004) challenges that premise in two novel ways. He observes that conceiving of zombies would require imagining total subjective absence. And this, he argues, we cannot do. However, his argument turns on the assumption that absence is imaginable only against a background of presence and, I argue, that assumption is dubious. Second, he proposes that the premise’s intuitive plausibility derives from a scope confusion. However, I argue, on reflection that proposal is untenable.
Belief and normativity
Authors: Engel Pascal
Published: January 2019

The thesis that mental content is normative is ambiguous and has many forms. This article deals only with the thesis that normativity is connected to our mental attitudes rather than with the content of the attitudes, and more specifically with the view that it is connected to belief. A number of writers have proposed various versions of a ‘norm of truth’ attached to belief. I examine various versions of this claim, and defend it against recent criticisms according to which this norm lacks normative force, that it violates the principle that ‘ought implies can,’ and that it is viciously circular. I defend the view that we should distinguish the statement of the objective norm and the way it is regulated, and that this distinction can answer most of the criticisms of the norm of truth for belief.
Intentionality, Knowledge and Formal Objects
Authors: Mulligan Kevin
Published: January 2019

What is the relation between the intentionality of states and attitudes which can miss their mark, such as belief and desire, and the intentionality of acts, states and attitudes which cannot miss their mark, such as the different types of knowledge and simple seeing? Two theories of the first type of intentionality, the theory of correctness conditions and the theory of satisfaction conditions, are compared. It is argued that knowledge always involves knowledge of formal objects such as facts and values, that emotions are reactions to (apparently) known values and that beliefs are reactions to known or apparently known facts or to the objects of relational states.
Naïve Realism and the Problem of Causation
Authors: Sollberger Michael
Published: January 2019

In the present paper, I shall argue that disjunctively construed naïve realism about the nature of perceptual experiences succumbs to the empirically inspired causal argument. The causal argument highlights as a first step that local action necessitates the presence of a type-identical common kind of mental state shared by all perceptual experiences. In a second step, it sets out that the property of being a veridical perception cannot be a mental property. It results that the mental nature of perceptions must be exhausted by the occurrence of inner sensory experiences that narrowly supervene on the perceiver. That is, empirical objects fail directly to determine the perceptual consciousness of the perceiver. The upshot is that not only naïve realism, but also certain further forms of direct realism have to be abandoned.
Epistemology neutralized
Authors: Laetz Brian
Published: January 2019

The thesis that knowledge is a partly evaluative concept is now a widespread view in epistemology, informing some prominent debates in the field. Typically, the view is embraced on the grounds that justification is a necessary condition for knowledge and a normative concept — a reasonable motivation. However, the view also has counterintuitive implications, which have been neglected. In particular, it implies that J.L. Mackie’s error-theory of value entails global epistemic scepticism and that any true knowledge claim suffices to prove the error-theory is false. In this paper, I elaborate these difficulties and address objections at length.
Stage universalism, voints and sorts
Authors: Campdelacreu Marta
Published: January 2019

In the current debate on how ordinary objects persist through time, more than one philosopher has endorsed the following two theses: stage theory and diachronic universalism. In this paper, I would like to offer a solution to the problem (related to lingering properties) that Balashov poses to the joint acceptance of these theses. I will also offer a number of reasons why, even if it is not necessary to undermine Balashov’s counterexamples, stage theorists can, without making their theory less appealing, reject Balashov’s understanding of sorts, which plays a crucial role in his criticisms of stage universalism.
First-order logic and some existential sentences
Authors: McLeod Stephen K.
Published: January 2019

‘Quantified pure existentials’ are sentences (e.g., ‘Some things do not exist’) which meet these conditions: (i) the verb EXIST is contained in, and is, apart from quantificational BE, the only full (as against auxiliary) verb in the sentence; (ii) no (other) logical predicate features in the sentence; (iii) no name or other sub-sentential referring expression features in the sentence; (iv) the sentence contains a quantifier that is not an occurrence of EXIST. Colin McGinn and Rod Girle have alleged that standard first-order logic cannot adequately deal with some such existentials. The article defends the view that it can.
Travelling in Branching Time
Authors: Martínez Manolo
Published: January 2019

Miller (2005) and Miller (2008) argue that the branching picture of time is incompatible with the possibility of backwards time travel. In this paper I show that Miller’s conclusion is based on a hidden assumption which, while generally plausible, is unwarranted if time travel is possible. Branching time is, after all, compatible with time travel as Miller characterises it.
On the Truth-Conditional Relevance of Modes of Presentation
Authors: Vignolo Massimiliano
Published: January 2019

Anne Bezuidenhout 1996 presents an argument for the claim that modes of presentation associated with referential terms are truth-conditionally relevant. I argue that her argument is flawed in light of the very same view on the interplay between reference and pragmatics she endorses.
The Illusion of the Experience of the Passage of Time
Authors: Yehezkel Gal
Published: January 2019

Supporters of the A-theory of time sometimes refer to an alleged experience of the passage of time in support of their theory. In this paper I argue that it is an illusion that we experience the passage of time, for such an experience is impossible. My argument relies on the general assertion that experience is contingent, in the sense that if it is possible to experience the passage of time, it is also possible to experience that time does not pass. Having established this claim, I argue that it is impossible to experience that time does not pass, and hence that it is impossible to experience the passage of time.
Minimal Semantics and Word Sense Disambiguation
Authors: Gasparri Luca
Published: January 2019

Emma Borg has defined semantic minimalism as the thesis that the literal content of well-formed declarative sentences is truth-evaluable, fully determined by their lexico-syntactic features, and recoverable by language users with no need to access non-linguistic information. The task of this article is threefold. First, I shall raise a criticism to Borg’s minimalism based on how speakers disambiguate homonymy. Second, I will explore some ways Borg might respond to my argument and maintain that none of them offers a conclusive reply to my case. Third, I shall suggest that in order for Borg’s minimalism to best accommodate the problem discussed in this paper, it should allow for semantically incomplete content and be converted into a claim about linguistic competence.
The Misuse and Failure of the Evolutionary Argument
Authors: Corabi Joseph
Published: January 2019

The evolutionary argument is an argument against epiphenomenalism, designed to show that some mind-body theory that allows for the efficacy of qualia is true. First developed by Herbert Spencer and William James, the argument has gone through numerous incarnations and it has been criticized in a number of different ways. Yet many have found the criticisms of the argument in the literature unconvincing. Bearing this in mind, I examine two primary issues: first, whether the alleged insights employed in traditional versions of the argument have been correctly and consistently applied, and second, whether the alleged insights can withstand critical scrutiny. With respect to the first issue, I conclude that the proponents of the argument have tended to grossly oversimplify the considerations involved, incorrectly supposing that the evolutionary argument is properly conceived as a non-specific argument for the disjunction of physicalism and interactionist dualism and against epiphenomenalism. With respect to the second issue, I offer a new criticism that decisively refutes all arguments along the lines of the one I present. Finally, I draw positive lessons about the use of empirical considerations in debates over the mind-body problem.
Zombies Slap Back: why the Anti-Zombie Parody Does Not Work
Authors: Prelević Duško
Published: January 2019

In his “anti-zombie argument”, Keith Frankish turns the tables on “zombists”, forcing them to find an independent argument against the conceivability of anti-zombies. I argue that zombists can shoulder the burden, for there is an important asymmetry between the conceivability of zombies and the conceivability of anti-zombies, which is reflected in the embedding of a totality-clause under the conceivability operator. This makes the anti-zombie argument susceptible to what I call the ‘Modified Incompleteness’, according to which we cannot conceive of scenarios. In this paper I also argue that conceiving of the zombiesituation is a good starting point for rendering the zombie argument plausible.
Exploitation as Theft vs. Exploitation as Underpayment
Authors: Rodgers Lamont
Published: January 2019

Marxists claim capitalists unjustly exploit workers, and this exploitation is to show that workers ought to hold more than they do. This paper presents two accounts of exploitation. The Theft Account claims that capitalists steal some of the value to which workers are entitled. The Underpayment Account holds that capitalists are not entitled to pay workers as little as they do, even if the workers are not entitled to the full value they produce. This paper argues that only the Theft Account can explain why workers ought to hold more than they do. The Underpayment Account cannot yield this conclusion. The Theft Account is superior to the Underpayment Account insofar as exploitation is to be an injustice—a wrong that requires the exploited party to hold more.
What is Friendship?
Authors: Leibowitz Uri D.
Published: January 2019

The paper identifies a distinctive feature of friendship. Friendship, it is argued, is a relationship between two people in which each participant values the other and successfully communicates this fact to the other. This feature of friendship, it is claimed, explains why friendship plays a key role in human happiness, why it is praised by philosophers, poets, and novelists, and why we all seek friends. Although the characterization of friendship proposed here differs from other views in the literature, it is shown that it accommodates key insights of other writers on the topic. Thus, in accordance with the Aristotelian strategy the paper employs, it is shown that the account on offer preserves the received opinions on friendship.
Fuzzification - Decision Making in Terms of Uncertainty
Authors: Račić Željko V.
Published: January 2019

The theory of fuzzy sets allows to analyze insufficiently precise, accurate, complete phenomena which can not be modeled by the theory of probability or interval mathematics. We define fuzzy sets as sets where the boundary of the set is unclear and depends on subjective estimation or individual preference. In addition to the standard interpretation scale, described above, a set of numbers to each qualitative attribute must be assigned. In addition to the standard interpretation scale a set of numbers to each qualitative attribute must be assigned. First of all, it is necessary to determine the procedure for determining fuzzy numbers describing the attributes. One of the imperfections of the fuzzy sets is subjectivism when defining the boundaries of fuzzy sets and functions of belonging, which can significantly influence the final decision. The decision maker’s subjectivity is also present in the determination of weighted coefficients. However, in case of giving weight, fixed values are necessary. Some decisions require multidisciplinary knowledge, so the decision-making process includes more group decision-makers, who independently give their grades.
A New Insight into the Measurement of Central Bank Independence
Authors: Jasmine M. Fouad , Mona E. Fayed , Heba Talla A. Emam
Published: January 2019

The present paper attempts to expand the existing literature on Central Bank Independence (CBI) by proposing new measures for CBI. It designs two indices: one tackling the de jure CBI and the other assessing the de facto level of CBI. The two measures outweigh traditional measures in various aspects; first, the two indices are more comprehensive in terms of possible institutional arrangements. The de jure index incorporates several aspects related to CBI that were not previously grouped together in a unified index i.e. financial independence, limitations related to indirect credit to government, accountability and transparency. The de facto index comprises the main existing indicators for measuring actual CBI (i.e. turnover ratio, political vulnerability indicator and monetary policy reaction function) in addition to new variables, as the lender of last resort function, independence of central bank board, and financial independence that were not included in almost all previous studies. Second, the two indices allow a higher level of precision as they comprise aspects that can be objectively codified with a minimum level of subjectivity. Third, the two indices cover the same attributes of CBI to facilitate measuring the deviation between de jure and de facto level of independence for any central bank. The current paper provides a comprehensive definition and analysis of both indices to enable their replication in future studies.
Macroeconomic Approach to Point in Time Probability of Default Modeling – IFRS 9 Challenges
Authors: Đurović Andrija
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to present one possible retail estimation framework of lifetime probability of default in accordance with IFRS 9. The framework rests on “term structure of probability of default” conditional to given forward-looking macroeconomic dynamics. Due to the one of the biggest limitation of forward-looking modelling – data availability, model averaging technique for quantification of macroeconomic effect on default probability is explained.
All sails to the NDU wind? Review of European Military Culture and Security Governance. Soldiers, Scholars and National Defence Universities by Tamir Libel
Authors: Maskaliunaite Asta
Published: January 2019

Reviews European Military Culture and Security Governance. Soldiers, scholars and national defence universities by Tamir Libel.
Experimental evidence for selection against hybrids between two interfertile red oak species
Authors: Gailing Oliver , Zhang Ruhua
Published: January 2019

Reproductive isolation between related oak species within one taxonomic section is incomplete. Even though pre- and post­zygotic isolation mechanisms have been described for interfer­tile oak species, natural hybridization is common in contact zones between related oaks. The apparent restriction of inter­specific hybrids between ecologically divergent species to intermediate environments in contact zones suggests postzy­gotic isolation via environmental selection against hybrids in parental environments. Overrepresentation of hybrids in seeds as compared to adult trees provides additional indirect evi­dence for selection against hybrids. Here, we used genetic assignment analyses in progeny obtained from a sympatric stand of Quercus rubra and Quercus ellipsoidalis, two interfertile species with different adaptations to drought, to characterize the number of hybrids and “pure” species in the non-germinated acorns and in seedlings. The occurrence of 43.6 % F1 hybrids and introgressive forms among the non-germinated acorns and their very low frequency in the seedlings (9.3 %) is to our knowledge the first direct evidence for early selection against hybrids in oaks possibly as result of genetic incompatibilities. Additionally, we found a signature of positive selection on EST-SSR PIE200 in Q. rubra which needs further confirmation. These results contribute to our under­standing of reproductive isolation and divergence between interfertile oak species with different ecological adaptations.
Properties mismatching and distribution on structural steels welded joints
Authors: Hajro Ismar , Tasić Petar
Published: January 2019

The paper presents results of combined, conventional and non-conventional, approach for evaluation of mechanical and technological properties of structural steel's welded joints. The
selected structural steels are in the range of most common used strength level(s), as well as corresponding various chemical composition concept(s) and processing routes. A short review
regarding weldability is presented based on recommendation provided in EN 1011-2, manufacturers recommendation, and own results. However, even it is a well-known fact, mismatching of properties is presented rather to provide sense of its level for particular steel grades. Moreover, the level of under-matching of weakest weld zone (coarse grained heat affected zone), provided by mean of welding thermo-cycle simulation is presented. This is due to the fact that such
estimation is not possible with everyday conventional (standardized) testing. The most important design and technological properties of welded joint(s) are considered; e.g. strength, ductility, hardness, microstructure and toughness.
SIMULASI DAN ANALISIS PERFORMANSI DARI PROTOKOL ROUTING BERBASIS POSISI GPRS DAN GyTAR UNTUK VEHICLE COMMUNICATION PADA VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK (VANET)
Authors: Dewi Irma Nurlita , Munadi Rendy , Vidya Y. Leanna
Published: January 2019

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) merupakan konsep subset dari Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) sebagai teknologi yang memungkinkan komunikasi Inter Vehicle Communication (IVC) dan Roadside-toVehicle (RVC).VANET dikarakteristikkan dengan membangun jaringan ad hoc yang dibentuk dari nodenode berupa kendaraan bermobilitas tinggi yang dibatasi dengan aturan lalu lintas sehingga pergerakannya disesuaikan dengan pola tertentu, tidak seperti MANET yang pergerakannya bisa random tanpa ada batasan. Dengan demikian, protokol routing konvensional berbasis topologi pada MANET dinilai tidak cocok untuk VANET. Protokol routing berbasis posisi sepeti GPSR dan GyTAR dinilai cocok untuk VANET. Hal ini tak lain karena aspek dinamika topologi pada VANET yang dapat berdampak nyata pada analisis protokol routing. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh bahwa GyTAR unggul pada skenario lingkungan perkotaan dilihat dari seluruh parameter end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, packet loss dan normalized routing overhead yang lebih baik dari GPSR dengan rata-rata nilai masing-masing, yakni 2,294 ms, 0,958, 4,19%, dan 0,482. Sementara pada skenario lingkungan jalan tol GPSR lebih unggul dibandingkan GyTAR dengan rata-rata nilai end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, dan packet loss sebesar 2,639 ms, 0,920, dan 7,923%; namun dengan perolehan NRO yang lebih kecil oleh GyTAR, yakni sebesar 1,725.Kata Kunci: VANET, MANET , GPSR, GyTAR, IVC, SUMO