bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affordances for Motor Skill Development in Home, School, and Sport Environments: A Narrative Review
Authors: Flôres Fábio Saraiva , Rodrigues Luis P. , Copetti Fernando , Lopes Frederico , Cordovil Rita
Published: February 2019

Through development, a child's varied movement contexts provide different opportunities or affordances for action that are fundamental to promoting motor competence. Although home is the primary environment for infants, as children age, school and sport environments gain importance. Studies focusing on affordances for motor behavior in children have mainly addressed the home microsystem, providing an incomplete picture of affordances across different settings, particularly later in development. Here, we undertook a narrative literature review of various affordances for children's motor development. This review revealed that prior studies of school and sports contexts have not specifically focused on those environmental properties that promote or hinder motor learning opportunities, meaning that future research should assess these relationships through manipulations of environmental features in these different microsystems.
Reimagining Fugitive Democracy and Transformative Sanctuary with Black Frontline Communities in the Underground Railroad
Authors: Haro Lia , Coles Romand
Published: February 2019

This article engages new histories of the black frontline communities of the Underground Railroad to rethink both fugitive democracy and the transformative possibilities of sanctuary as its constitutive twin. We analyze the ways that communities of free blacks and fugitives in the border zones between the Antebellum US North and South crafted themselves as magnetic spaces of creative refuge that suggest we reconceive sanctuary as the generative twin of fugitivity. This insight enables us to theorize new ethical and political dimensions of Sheldon Wolin’s concept fugitive democracy by illuminating how fugitivity as flight away from danger can be interwoven with sanctuary as flight into and toward alternatives. Specifically, we theorize three dimensions of fugitive democracy/transformative sanctuary—sanctuary tending, dramatic sanctuary, and disruptive hospitality. While some theorists have considered key motifs in Wolin’s fugitive democracy to be opposed to vital themes disclosed in contemporary theories of black fugitivity, we argue that the power of black frontline communities stemmed precisely from their capacities to dynamically entangle political approaches (mis)taken to be at odds. For example, we suggest a theory and practice of tending involving both nurturing care and militantly defensive action, dramatic sanctuary performances that amplify public power by oscillating between tricky concealment and flagrant publicity, and disruptive hospitality that interweaves law-breaking harbor with strategies for juridical and institutional change. These insights open onto an alternative imaginary that can also provide a toolbox for building grassroots democratic power today, particularly in the face of emergent neofascism and escalating displacement worldwide.
Uruguay’s Stance on the Palestinian Problem at the United Nations and the Creation of the State of Israel
Authors: Adrover Orellano Fernando
Published: February 2019

Examination of documents on the decision-making process that accounts for the pro-Zionist stance of the Uruguayan delegation at the United Nations during the debate on Palestine reveals that the position coincides with the pro-Zionist consensus among local political groups and was influenced by the local Jewish community lobby and its contacts with government representatives.

Un examen de los documentos sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones que explica la postura pro-sionista de la delegación uruguaya en las Naciones Unidas durante el debate sobre Palestina revela que la posición coincide con el consenso pro-sionista entre los grupos políticos locales y fue influenciada por el lobby de la comunidad judía local y sus contactos con representantes del gobierno.
Islamophobia in the First Decades of the Twenty-first Century: Observations from Latin America’s Southern Cone
Authors: Caro Isaac
Published: February 2019

The 9/11 attack and the war on terrorism declared by the United States produced a new dynamic with regard to the struggle against intolerance and, in particular, Islamophobia. The increase in Islamophobia is related to the clash-of-civilizations discourse that has served to justify a foreign policy adopted by Republican administrations in the United States, in which Islam is the principal enemy to be fought and defeated.

El ataque del 11-S y la guerra contra el terrorismo declarada por los Estados Unidos produjeron una nueva dinámica con respecto a la lucha contra la intolerancia y, en particular, la islamofobia. El aumento de la islamofobia está relacionado con el discurso de choque de civilizaciones que ha servido para justificar una política exterior adoptada por las administraciones republicanas en los Estados Unidos, en la que el Islam es el principal enemigo que hay que combatir y derrotar.
Agenda 2030: Haunted by the Ghost of the Third Way?
Authors: Güney-Frahm Irem
Published: February 2019

Many thinkers in affluent countries consider the idea of the Third Way (TW) an outdated concept. This article argues that the concept of the TW still dominates the development discourse and as a consequence also influences policy prescriptions. Through a systematic examination of Human Development Reports (HDRs), the text shows that in the pre-2015 development agenda, the human development (HD) approach had significant similarities to the currents of thought that informed the TW. Second, the article analyzes the post-2015 development agenda and the HDR 2016, and shows that the Agenda 2030 flourishes on similar theoretical and practical premises as the TW and the pre-2015 agenda. Finally, the article discusses the shortcomings of this continuity.
The Development of Health Lifestyles in Families Experiencing Disability
Authors: Rigles Bethany
Published: February 2019

The family system is an important contributor to one’s development of health lifestyles or the patterns of health behaviors one engages in. Research has yet to explore how health lifestyles develop within families or how disability may affect this process. This study uses qualitative data collected from parents and key informants in two U.S. communities to address this gap in the literature. Findings capture a process through which health lifestyles develop in families with a child with a disability. This process revealed that parents first become more conscious of the importance of health as a result of having a child with a disability, which led to changes in parent identity and was ultimately translated into primarily positive changes to family health behaviors. This process appears to be largely driven by community norms and stigmas associated with disability.
Redefining Excellence: Teaching in Transition, From Test Performance to 21st Century Skills
Authors: Nehring James H. , Charner-Laird Megin , Szczesiul Stacy A.
Published: February 2019

This study examined classrooms in three, high performing, public secondary schools serving high need communities. Of 22 classes observed, we found approximately one third exhibited an instructional demand for 21st century skills. In many of the remaining classes, teachers appeared to apply misconceptions of 21st century skills, and unintentionally deployed those misconceptions to reinforce the narrow and shallow skill set associated with test-based accountability. Themes from teacher and administrator interviews support this finding. School and system level implications are discussed.
Towards rising inequalities in newspaper and television news consumption? A longitudinal analysis, 2000–2016
Authors: Bergström Annika , Strömbäck Jesper , Arkhede Sofia
Published: February 2019

The transformation from low- to high-choice media environments has triggered concerns of rising inequalities in news media use. This concern has been buttressed by research showing that motivational factors have become more important predictors of news media use. Less attention has been paid to how changes in media environments have altered the impact of socioeconomic status on news media use. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the changing impact of socioeconomic status on newspaper and television news consumption, empirically focussing on Sweden between 2000 and 2016. Among other things, results suggest that the impact of socioeconomic status on news media use has increased with respect to reading morning newspapers but decreased for reading tabloids and watching television news.
A Trojan Horse for marketing? Solutions journalism in the French regional press
Authors: Amiel Pauline , Powers Matthew
Published: February 2019

This article examines recent efforts to bring ‘solutions journalism’ – an approach to news coverage developed in the United States that encourages journalists to propose potential solutions to social problems – to the French regional press. Drawing on interviews and company documents from news organizations, we show that solutions journalism has found support among both management and journalists, though for different reasons. Whereas management see solutions journalism as a way to bolster shrinking audiences, journalists perceive an opportunity to regain relevance in diversified media companies whose emphasis on news has declined over time. Though solutions journalism changes little in terms of journalist’s everyday practices, its presence legitimates and valorizes marketing discourses, as journalists use it to describe efforts to grow audiences, boost sales and monetize content. As a result, we suggest that solutions journalism’s primary effect on the French regional press may be its operation as a ‘Trojan horse’ for marketing.
What Makes an Organization Public? Managers’ Perceptions in the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment System
Authors: Merritt Cullen C.
Published: February 2019

The question “What makes an organization public?” is a leading point of scholarly inquiry in the field of public administration. This study supplements existing theory on publicness by further exploring the primary influences on an organization’s publicness—influences identified by analyzing data from in-depth interviews with senior-level managers of mental health and substance abuse treatment facilities. Results from a grounded theoretical analysis of these managers’ perceptions provide support for a conceptual framework of organizational publicness in which political authority, horizontal engagement, and public engagement are associated with higher levels of publicness. Better understanding of the prism through which senior managers conceptualize publicness may enhance managerial awareness of the most salient structural and institutional mechanisms that empower treatment facilities to effectively support individuals suffering from mental health disorders such as substance abuse, emotional distress, and depression.
Measureable Dimensions of Visual Mental Imagery and Their Relationship With Listening Comprehension: Evidence From Forensic Arts and Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Aryadoust Vahid
Published: February 2019

This study investigates the dimensions of visual mental imagery (VMI) in aural discourse comprehension. We introduce a new approach to inspect VMIs which integrates forensic arts and latent class analysis. Thirty participants listened to three descriptive oral excerpts and then verbalized what they had seen in their mind’s eye. The verbalized descriptions were simultaneously illustrated by two trained artists using the Adobe Photoshop® and the digital drawing tablets with electromagnetic induction technology, generating approximations of the VMIs. Next, a code sheet was developed to examine the illustrated VMIs on 16 dimensions. Latent class analysis identified three classes of VMI imaginers with nine discriminating dimensions: clarity, completeness of figures, details, shape crowdedness, shape-added features, texture, space, time and motion, and flamboyance. The classes were further differentiated based on the significant differences in their listening abilities. An individual lacking the ability to imagine (a condition called Aphantasia) and some evidence that VMIs in listening are both symbolic and depictive were also found.
Perfectionistic self-presentation and emotional experiences in music students: A three-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Hill Andrew P. , Burland Karen , King Elaine C. , Pitts Stephanie E.
Published: February 2019

Research has shown that perfectionism predicts emotional experiences among amateur, professional and adolescent musicians. In examining these relationships, previous research has measured trait perfectionism and employed cross-sectional designs. The current study builds on existing research by examining whether perfectionistic self-presentation (as opposed to trait perfectionism) predicts negative and positive emotional experiences in music students over time. One hundred and forty-three music students ( M age 18.92 years, SD = 2.96) enrolled in music-related degree programs completed measures of perfectionistic self-presentation (perfectionistic self-promotion, non-display of imperfection, and non-disclosure of imperfection) and emotional experiences (positive and negative feelings) at the start, middle and the end of the academic year. Path analysis revealed that perfectionistic self-promotion at the start of the year predicted lower positive feelings in the middle of the year, and non-disclosure of imperfection in the middle of the year predicted lower positive feelings at the end of the year. In addition, negative feelings in the middle of the year also predicted higher non-disclosure of imperfection at the end of the year. The findings suggest that the desire to present oneself perfectly and avoid disclosure of imperfections may contribute to less positive emotional experiences among music students.
Templates and temporality: An investigation of rhythmic motor production in a young man with Down Syndrome and hearing impairment
Authors: Jeffery Tracy , Whiteside Sandra
Published: February 2019

The musical rhythmic abilities of people with Down Syndrome (DS) reportedly exceed their general cognitive abilities. Although they display atypical rhythmic production in musical motor tasks, little is known about how their developmental and cognitive differences affect temporal perception or production. Additionally, hearing impairment often excludes potential participants from studies, further limiting our understanding. This case study examined the rhythmic ability of one young adult with DS and moderate-severe hearing impairment when producing limb-motor movements to music in auditory-only and auditory-visual conditions. His temporal accuracy was observed for gross-motor movements to music. Measurements were made of his temporal accuracy and stability when tapping on a drum at three tempi, and when tapping to non-isochronous rhythms. Results revealed temporal deficits in all tasks. However, production improved in tasks that were augmented with visuo-spatial stimuli, and in isochronous beat entrainment at the fastest tempo. Findings were compared to the participant’s cognitive and perceptual profile. Results suggest that his production was limited by developmental factors, but that auditory memory deficits and hearing may account for instability in isochronous entrainment tasks and delayed onset of timing. Recommendations are made for supporting skills in production and perception of auditory rhythms within the DS population.
Henry C. Wallace and Henry A. Wallace as Secretaries of Agriculture: The Importance of Presidential Support
Authors: Wijkman Per Magnus
Published: February 2019

In three successive generations, a Henry Wallace advocated interests of the agricultural Midwest: trust busting, natural resource conservation, application of science in agricultural, freer trade, and international comity. While characterized as a Midwest institution, the family’s success as Secretaries of Agriculture ultimately depended on presidential support. Henry C. Wallace failed to restore prosperity to farmers in the depression after World War I due to the opposition of President Harding. His son Henry A. Wallace succeeded in the Great Depression thanks to strong support of President Roosevelt.

JEL Classifications: N13, Q15
An Experimental Assessment of Third Parties as Potential Guardians: Victim Gender, Conflict, and Individual Perceptions of Social Situations
Authors: Moule Richard K. , Powers Ráchael A.
Published: February 2019

The guardianship component of routine activity theory (RAT) remains underexamined. Recent research has emphasized “guardianship-in-action,” or the processes by which individuals evaluate potentially problematic situations. Research has also begun to identify conditions conducive to bystander intervention in troublesome situations, but has not been incorporated into the emerging literature on guardianship-in-action. The current study integrates these literatures to understand how individuals perceive problematic social situations by examining how victims’ gender influences guardians’ perceptions of social situations and willingness to intervene across conflicts. Using an experimental vignette design, and a sample of 370 American adults, respondents were randomly assigned to vignettes involving verbal and physical conflicts between two men or a man and a woman. A series of t tests, chi-square tests, and McNemar’s tests assessed mean differences in respondent perceptions. Situations in which victims are female were perceived as being more serious and requiring intervention. Situations involving interpersonal physical violence similarly elicit stronger concerns, and a greater willingness to intervene, from potential guardians. Theory and policy implications are discussed.
Structures of Stratification: Advancing a Sociological Debate over Culture and Resources
Authors: Freeman Kendralin J. , Condron Dennis J. , Steidl Christina R.
Published: February 2019

When theorizing differences in action between structurally unequal groups, sociologists often disagree over the roles that structure, culture, and resources play. It is not uncommon for debates to arise in which structural explanations for unequal outcomes are pitted against cultural ones, with the former pointing to group resource disparities and the latter emphasizing differences in how groups think and do things. In this article, we develop a theoretical approach that conceptualizes culture as an element of social structure and draws on Sewell’s multiplicity of structures and Bourdieu’s habitus to theorize group differences in action as structural. This approach, we argue, advances a structural sociology of stratification that helps counter the tendency for U.S. individualism to promote interpretations of group differences/disparities as having individual-level rather than structural-level sources.
Godmanhood vs Mangodhood: An Eastern Orthodox Response to Transhumanism
Authors: Gallaher Brandon
Published: February 2019

This article distances the classic Patristic teaching of Eastern Orthodoxy on theosis from the pseudo-religious ideology of transhumanism. By appealing to the Silver Age of Russian theologians a century ago, today’s transhumanist vision is dubbed Mangodhood, an idolatrous construction of a technological Tower of Babel. In contrast, the classical Orthodox teaching of deification or theosis relies on the spiritual grace of the true God, rendering the true goal of religion to be Godmanhood.
Gendered space and climate resilience in informal settlements in Khulna City, Bangladesh
Authors: Jabeen Huraera
Published: February 2019

Climate resilience varies significantly based on gender and on location in different physical and social spaces. A qualitative study exploring conditions of the urban poor in Khulna, Bangladesh demonstrates how the appropriation of private, parochial and public spaces by residents of informal settlements influences their capacity to cope with climate risks. Because of the spatial implications of the predominant patriarchal system, women remain vulnerable in private spaces. The parochial spaces they use for productive work also leave them exposed and sensitive to climate hazards. On the other hand, men, who make greater use of public spaces, still have negligible capacity to take any anticipatory and reactive actions in response to risks there. This paper, which provides a comparison to earlier research in Dhaka, argues that gendered constraints in both inhabiting and shaping spaces is an underlying cause of differential climate resilience; alternatively, planning climate-resilient spaces can be seen as a fundamental change contributing to transformative adaptation.
Energy-efficient multi-objective scheduling algorithm for hybrid flow shop with fuzzy processing time
Authors: Zhou Binghai , Liu Wenlong
Published: February 2019

Increasing costs of energy and environmental pollution is prompting scholars to pay close attention to energy-efficient scheduling. This study constructs a multi-objective model for the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with fuzzy processing time to minimize total weighted delivery penalty and total energy consumption simultaneously. Setup times are considered as sequence-dependent, and in-stage parallel machines are unrelated in this model, meticulously reflecting the actual energy consumption of the system. First, an energy-efficient bi-objective differential evolution algorithm is developed to solve this mixed integer programming model effectively. Then, we utilize an Nawaz-Enscore-Ham-based hybrid method to generate high-quality initial solutions. Neighborhoods are thoroughly exploited with a leader solution challenge mechanism, and global exploration is highly improved with opposition-based learning and a chaotic search strategy. Finally, problems in various scales evaluate the performance of this green scheduling algorithm. Computational experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for the proposed model within acceptable computational time.
Huarahi Oranga: an introduction to Māori concepts informing a Māori healing and psychiatry partnership
Authors: NiaNia Wiremu , Bush Allister , Epston David
Published: February 2019

Objective:

The aim of this article is to give an overview of Māori concepts informing a collaboration between a Māori healer (NiaNia) and psychiatrist (Bush).

Conclusions:

Wairua (spiritual) problems can resemble psychiatric disorders or symptoms. Knowledge of relevant Māori concepts such as mauri, tapu, mana, matekite and manaakitanga may assist psychiatrists in collaborating with Māori healers and kaumātua (elders) to enable more appropriate cultural and clinical assessment, as well as helping to build rapport and clinical interactions with Māori whānau (individuals and families).
A Value-Critical Policy Analysis of Georgia’s Beyond a Reasonable Doubt Standard of Proof of Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ricciardelli Lauren A. , Jaskyte Kristina
Published: February 2019

The U.S. Supreme Court’s Atkins v. Virginia decision barred the execution of persons with intellectual disability, but provided minimal specification regarding adjudication. One exception to the lack of instruction was the recommendation that states generally conform to accepted clinical practice and norms, positioning professional associations to take an important role in this discourse. This study uses Chambers and Wedel’s value-critical method of analysis to examine the policy element, standard of proof of intellectual disability, within Georgia’s 1988 statute prohibiting the execution of persons with intellectual disability. Owing to the public outcry that followed Georgia’s controversial execution of Jerome Bowden, who evidenced significant impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning, the 1988 statute was the first in the nation to bar such executions, and predated the Atkins decision by 14 years. However, due to a drafting error, Georgia was also the only state to invoke the highest standard of proof, beyond a reasonable doubt. When states use a standard of proof of intellectual disability that is higher than the lowest standard, a preponderance of the evidence, capital defendants with intellectual disability are at an increased risk for unlawful execution. We present findings and recommendations across the identified analytical contexts.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy on Alcohol and Nicotine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Trahan Mark H. , Maynard Brandy R. , Smith Kenneth Scott , Farina Anne S. J. , Khoo Yit Mui
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an intervention used to treat alcohol and nicotine dependence that delivers cue exposure therapy using a virtual reality environment; however, little is known about the effects of these interventions.

Method:

We used systematic review methods to examine the effects of VRET on alcohol or nicotine dependence, craving, and substance use with persons with current nicotine or alcohol dependence. We conducted a comprehensive search to retrieve published and unpublished intervention studies in 18 databases and other gray literature sources. Studies were screened, and data were extracted by two independent reviewers.

Results:

Five studies including 212 participants were included. Effects were found for alcohol and nicotine dependence and craving; however, significant methodological issues and high risk of bias were present across studies.

Conclusion:

Evidence of effects of VRET is sparse, and methodological flaws and gaps in reporting were identified. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Parents’ Experiences of Completing Home Practice for Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Sugden Eleanor , Munro Natalie , Trivette Carol M. , Baker Elise , Williams A. Lynn
Published: February 2019

Early childhood practitioners, including speech-language pathologists (SLPs), frequently provide home practice to children and families. For children with speech sound disorder (SSD), who comprise a large proportion of SLPs’ caseloads worldwide, completing home practice can increase the amount of intervention received and improve outcomes. However, little is known about parents’ experiences of completing this home practice. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore parents’ experiences of completing home practice for children with SSD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six parents. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data and identify four themes: evolution over time, different roles, importance, and managing the practicalities of home practice. The findings speak to the complexities of this experience for families and the need for practitioners to collaborate with families when providing home practice. These findings have implications for the home practice that early intervention practitioners provide to children and families.
Managing Pharmacotherapy in People Living With HIV and Concomitant Malignancy
Authors: Olin Jacqueline L. , Klibanov Olga , Chan Alexandre , Spooner Linda M.
Published: February 2019

Objective: To describe data with selected malignancies in people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV in individuals affected by both conditions and to summarize drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with clinical recommendations for point-of-care review of combination therapies. Data Sources: Literature searches were performed (2005 to December 2018) in MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies of malignancies in PLWH in the modern era. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Article bibliographies and drug interaction databases were reviewed. Search terms included HIV, antiretroviral therapy, antineoplastic agents, malignancies, and drug interactions. Data Synthesis: In the pre–antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, malignancies in PLWH were AIDS-defining illnesses, and life expectancy was shorter. Nowadays, PLWH are living longer and developing malignancies, including lung, anal, and prostate cancers. Concurrently, the oncology landscape has evolved, with novel oral targeted agents and immunotherapies becoming routine elements of care. The increased need for and complexity with antineoplastics in PLWH has led to recommendations for multidisciplinary care of this unique population. Evaluation of DDIs requires review of metabolic pathways, absorption mechanisms, and various drug transporters associated with antineoplastics and ART. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review summarizes available data of non–AIDS-defining malignancies, principles of HIV care in the patient with malignancy, and guidance for assessing DDIs between antineoplastics and ART. Summary DDI tables provide point-of-care recommendations. Conclusions: The availability of ART has transformed AIDS into a chronic medical condition, and PLWH are experiencing age-related malignancies. Pharmacists play an important role in the management of this patient population.
Accounts of Family Conflict in Home Hospice Care: The Central Role of Autonomy for Informal Caregiver Resilience
Authors: Benson Jacquelyn J. , Parker Oliver Debra , Demiris George , Washington Karla
Published: February 2019

End-of-life caregiving is a highly stressful experience often fraught with conflict and tension. However, little is known about the ways family conflict manifests for informal caregivers of home hospice patients (IHCs). Framed by relational dialectics theory, the purpose of this study was to provide nurses and other health care professionals with an empirical understanding of how IHCs experience family conflict and tensions associated with caregiving. A second aim was to determine what strategies IHCs use to manage these family conflicts. Data used in this qualitative secondary analysis were originally collected as part of a randomized clinical trial of an IHC support intervention. Based on thematic analysis of data from 25 IHCs who reported family conflict, a conceptual model of caregiver resilience was developed from the themes and categories that emerged during the coding stage. Autonomy was identified as a central tension. IHCs used several strategies to address family conflict including communication, formal support, and emotional self-care.
The Bitcoin game: Ethno-resonance as method
Authors: Kavanagh Donncha , Miscione Gianluca , Dylan-Ennis Paul
Published: February 2019

The global financial crisis and the contemporaneous emergence of the digital currency Bitcoin invite us to think about money and how it often functions almost imperceptibly in society. In this article, we show that Bitcoin is a ‘new object of concern’ that also compels us to reimagine ethnography in a digital age. We present a method, which we term ethno-resonance, that is both a reaction to the conditions presented by the Bitcoin phenomenon and a way of maintaining critical distance from its cyberlibertarian politics. We explicate six aspects of the method, framed around answers to what, why, how, who, when and where questions. Applied to cryptocurrencies, the method leads us to depict Bitcoin as a game, and we analyse the game’s dynamics through mapping the interplay between four foundational myths that animate, complicate and sustain the game. More broadly, this contributes to our understanding of the nature of money and alternative currencies.
Liminality and Emotional Labor among war widows in Israel
Authors: Ben-Asher Smadar , Bokek-Cohen Ya’arit
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on Israeli army widows from the religious-Zionist sector and the Bedouin sector. We show how these women are compelled by their cultural context to either suffer liminal identity or to invest in exhausting Emotional Labor and fake their authentic selves. The surrounding society expects much more Emotional Labor of religious-Zionist widows than of their Bedouin counterparts; in contrast, the societal status of Bedouin widows remains liminal, as compared to that of the religious-Zionist widows, who anchor their identity relatively quickly. The findings highlight the need to sensitively assist army widows with the Liminality and Emotional Labor that hinder their personal and familial rehabilitation. The findings are analyzed critically within the framework of the Zižekian approach, which investigates the elusive power of ideology over the agency of the individual’s self in society.
Mimesis and developing models of self and other
Authors: Mageo Jeannette
Published: February 2019

Based on literatures of child development, along with data collected in two long-term studies in the American Northwest and Samoa, this article argues that developing children copy images that represent models for self that caretakers mime for them through face and body language and through “attachment practices,” which enact and also affectively charge a self-model. Caretakers enact a cultural model of alterity through “separation practices,” shared ways of distancing children that likewise lend affective force to such models. Parallel practices in adolescence and young adulthood insure ongoing mimicry of these models and the sense of self and other that they entail. Developmental psychologists explore imitative processes as these bear on interpreting emotions, gestures, sights, words and object uses, and the formation of image schemas but have not investigated how culturally specific models of self and other are internalized through early mimicry and through mimetic interactions between little ones and their caretakers. Anthropologists have long investigated both mimesis and cultural models but not how models of self and other are internalized through mimesis. My data imply that to understand development in cross-cultural perspective, studies are needed that compare early and enduring forms of visual interchange between caretakers and little ones.
Illness perceptions in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome and other physical health conditions: Application of the common sense model
Authors: Haines Cara , Loades Maria , Davis Cara
Published: February 2019

Background:

The common sense model (CSM) proposes that illness perceptions guide coping and illness management, which subsequently affects outcomes. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is associated with severe functional impairment. CFS is distinct from other physical health conditions in that individuals can experience high levels of uncertainty, stigma and disbelief from others. This study aimed to compare illness perceptions in adolescents with CFS with other physical health conditions, using a cross-sectional, between-groups design.

Methods:

Adolescents (aged 11–18) with CFS ( n = 49), type 1 diabetes ( n = 52) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( n = 42) were recruited through National Health Service (NHS) clinics and online, and completed a series of questionnaires.

Results:

Adolescents with CFS differed on the perceived consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, identity and understanding dimensions of illness perceptions. Except for identity, these dimensions were predicted by health condition even when accounting for age, gender, fatigue, physical functioning, anxiety and depression.

Conclusions:

Results offer preliminary evidence for the applicability of the CSM in adolescents, with implications for supporting adolescents with physical health conditions. Results suggest that psychological interventions targeting perceived control, understanding and identity may have particular utility for adolescents with CFS.
From mastery to subjection: An embodied ethics of entrapment in Amazonia
Authors: Nahum-Claudel Chloe
Published: February 2019

The Amazonian Enawenê-nawê dam rivers in order to catch shoals of fish. The dam is composed of a weir structure into which humanoid traps are inserted at three underwater levels. The author’s analytical focus is on the contrasting forms of life that are shaped by each part of this dialectical technology. As men construct the weir and then tend the traps, the kinds of effort required of them, their relationships to one another, to space, to time, to their aquatic prey and to their ancestors are all reconfigured. Over the course of about two months, men take a subjective journey from mastery to subjection, from engineering a physical technology, to embracing a set of mental and social techniques to animate their traps. The author suggests that the fishermens’ patient subjection of their bodies, minds and sociality to their traps speaks more generally to the perils of entrapment, which cannot rest on mastery alone, but must imply subjection and vulnerability.
The British constitution resettled? Parliamentary sovereignty after the EU Referendum
Authors: McConalogue Jim
Published: February 2019

The evidence from parliamentary and legal processes flowing from the European Union referendum in June 2016 and the vote to leave – including invoking Article 50 and subsequent Withdrawal Bill votes, nuancing of party positions in Parliament, adopting parliamentary scrutiny through ongoing party competition and subsequent legislation – suggests a strong resettling of Parliament’s sovereignty based on a potentially new, enhanced constitutional settlement. Two significant precedented, historical constitutional forms, strongly dependent upon Burke’s and Dicey’s view of government by consent, prove central to the further resettling of parliamentary sovereignty following the European Union referendum. This approach contrasts with theories asserting that sovereignty is being challenged by unwieldy executive authority, popular sovereignty, or democratic nostalgia. When the United Kingdom’s present day, post-1973 constitutional form is in conflict with a new feature, as in the case of the European Union referendum, a contemporary resettling of parliamentary sovereignty occurs.
What early childhood leadership for what kind of world?
Authors: Aubrey Carol Anita
Published: February 2019

This article uses autoethnography as the method of inquiry to explore definitions and contexts of early childhood education leadership. This affords a new space between the subjective and objective, the autobiographical and the cultural, to write in a way that lies between literature and the social sciences. Against a backcloth of scientific and cultural change, five turning-point moments are identified that link personal social circumstances to continuity and change in conceptions of leadership and management, particularly in the early childhood education sector. Modernist hierarchical and more recent subjective or postmodernist models are considered along the way. It is concluded that there is a role for theory in both guiding and interrogating practice. If leaders’ conceptions are to be better informed by knowledge of contrasting and competing theories, then through a process of praxis, critical awareness may increase. This depends, however, on access to the training and development that early childhood education professionals do not currently enjoy.
The relationship between market orientation, customer loyalty and business performance: A sample from the Western Europe hotel industry
Authors: Fernandes Sampaio Carlos Alberto , Hernández Mogollón José Manuel , de Ascensão Gouveia Rodrigues Ricardo José
Published: February 2019

This study explores the nature of the relationship between market orientation and business performance and the mediating role of customer loyalty in this relationship. Empirical analysis was based on a sample from the Western European hotel industry. Research results indicate that market orientation has a positive direct effect on business performance and that the effects of market orientation on business performance are mediated through customer loyalty. Market orientation produces a positive effect on customer loyalty, which in turn has a positive effect on business performance, showing that market orientation has a significant and positive indirect effect on business performance. These findings suggest potential major implications for the hotel industry. For example, by developing a market-oriented organization, hotels could produce positive effects on customer loyalty and consequently on their business performance.
How ‘gangsters’ become jihadists: Bourdieu, criminology and the crime–terrorism nexus
Authors: Ilan Jonathan , Sandberg Sveinung
Published: February 2019

A background in ‘ordinary’ crime, violence and drug use seems to characterize many European individuals recently involved in ISIS-related jihadi violence. With its long tradition of studying marginalized populations and street culture, criminology offers novel ways to explore these developments theoretically. In this article, we demonstrate how Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of capital, habitus and field allow for a nuanced analysis of how certain individuals move from street to politico-religious criminality. We show that ‘investments’ in street capital can be expended within the field of violent jihadism. We argue that an embodied street habitus supports continuities in attitudes and behaviours within different violent contexts, and furthermore that street social capital facilitates recruitment to violent jihadism. Finally, reflection is offered on resonances between street and jihadi fields. The article explains how continuities in lifestyle can exist between the European city and a Middle Eastern battleground.
Islamization of criminal behaviour: The path to terrorism? Terrorist threat and crime in French counterterrorism policy-formulation
Authors: D’Amato Silvia
Published: February 2019

Several studies have covered wide-ranging features of terrorist groups and organization from both a state-centric and a strictly group analysis perspective. Rather than offering insights to determine the ‘nature’ of these forms of violence, this article focuses on states’ perception and process of construction of terrorism based on allegations of being criminals, religious extremists or psychologically disturbed people. It does so by reconstructing the determinants of the way French policy-makers have understood, communicated and approached the terrorist enemy since the 9/11 attacks. More than 150 documents, including parliamentary debates and strategic documents, have been analysed so as to understand the evolution of the image of the threat, its connection to crime and the political implications of this representation.
A generalized framework for designing topological interlocking configurations
Authors: Bejarano Andres , Hoffmann Christoph
Published: February 2019

A topological interlocking configuration is an arrangement of pieces shaped in such a way that the motion of any piece is blocked by its neighbors. A variety of interlocking configurations have been proposed for convex pieces that are arranged in a planar space. Published algorithms for creating a topological interlocking configuration start from a tessellation of the plane (e.g. squares colored as a checkerboard). For each square S of one color, a plane P through each edge E is considered, tilted by a given angle [Formula: see text] against the tessellated plane. This induces a face F supported by P and limited by other such planes nearby. Note that E is interior to the face. By adjacency, the squares of the other color have similarly delimiting faces. This algorithm generates a topological interlocking configuration of tetrahedra or antiprisms. When checked for correctness (i.e. for no overlap), it rests on the tessellation to be of squares. If the tessellation consists of rectangles, then the algorithm fails. If the tessellation is irregular, then the tilting angle is not uniform for each edge and must be determined, in the worst case, by trial and error. In this article, we propose a method for generating topological interlocking configurations in one single iteration over the tessellation or mesh using a height value and a center point type for each tile as parameters. The required angles are a function of the given height and selected center; therefore, angle choices are not required as an initial input. The configurations generated using our method are compared against the configurations generated using the angle-choice approach. The results show that the proposed method maintains the alignment of the pieces and preserves the co-planarity of the equatorial sections of the pieces. Furthermore, the proposed method opens a path of geometric analysis for topological interlocking configurations based on non-planar tessellations.
Insulin resistance and insulin hypersecretion in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Time for a conceptual framework shift
Authors: Nolan Christopher J , Prentki Marc
Published: February 2019

While few dispute the existence of the metabolic syndrome as a clustering of factors indicative of poor metabolic health, its utility above that of its individual components in the clinical care of individual patients is questioned. This is likely a consequence of the failure of clinicians and scientists to agree on a unifying mechanism to explain the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance has most commonly been proposed for this role and is generally considered to be a root causative factor for not only metabolic syndrome but also for its associated conditions of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). An alternative view, for which evidence is mounting, is that hyper-responsiveness of islet β-cells to a hostile environment, such as westernised lifestyle, is primary and that the resulting hyperinsulinaemia drives the other components of the metabolic syndrome. Importantly, within this new conceptual framework, insulin resistance, while always a biomarker and state of poor metabolic health, is not considered to be harmful, but a protective adaptive response of critical tissues including the myocardium against insulin-induced metabolic stress. This major shift in how metabolic syndrome can be considered puts insulin hypersecretion into position as the unifying mechanism. If shown to be correct, this new conceptual framework has major implications for the future prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome, including its associated conditions of NAFLD, PCOS, obesity-related T2D and ASCVD.
Invisible Minority: HIV Prevention Health Policy for the Asian American Population
Authors: Kim BoRam , Aronowitz Teri
Published: February 2019

There has been a 72% increase in the Asian American population from approximately 12 million in 2000 to 21 million in 2015. By 2050, there will be 33.4 million Asian Americans living in the United States, making this population the most rapidly growing ethnic group in the country. There is a myth that Asian Americans are a model conservative minority group in terms of sexual behavior and safe sexual practices and are not at risk of sexually transmitted infections including HIV. However, they are the only ethnic group in the United States that had a continuous increase in HIV infection rates from 4.9 per 100,000 in 2011 to 5.5 per 100,000 in 2016. Due to state and national methods of data collection for race and ethnicity with regard to sexually transmitted infection and HIV, the Asian American population’s data are often limited. The purpose of this article is to identify the potential historical and political reasons why the Asian American population’s HIV or sexual risk has not been fully documented and to propose potential health policy solutions.