bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms and family conflict: An autoregressive cross‐lagged examination of competing models in multi‐stressed mothers and adolescents
Authors: Lee Daniel S. , Cederbaum Julie A. , Davis Jordan P. , Hurlburt Michael S. , Mennen Ferol E.
Published: May 2022

Maternal and adolescent depression are challenges that often co‐occur. Many studies have drawn bivariate associations between maternal depressive symptoms, adolescent depressive symptoms, and family conflict, but few have examined reciprocal effects. Even among extant studies, there is a lack of clarity related to directionality of influence. Three competing theoretical models may explain the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms, adolescent depressive symptoms, and family conflict, and these processes may differ by adolescents’ sex. Using three time points of data from 187 diverse mother‐adolescent dyads, we fit a taxonomy of autoregressive cross‐lagged structural equation models to simultaneously evaluate the competing theoretical models and also examine differences by sex using multiple‐group analyses. Results indicate a symptom‐driven model whereby adolescent depressive symptoms predicted increases in family conflict. Sex differences were also found. For males, but not females, greater adolescent depressive symptoms predicted subsequent increases in maternal depressive symptoms, which then predicted lower family conflict—possibly indicating maternal disengagement/withdrawal. Our findings suggest addressing adolescent depressive symptoms in order to prevent family conflict and that distinctive targets for the prevention/intervention of family conflict should account for differences by adolescents’ sex.
Global congruence of riverine fish species richness and human presence
Authors: Schipper Aafke M. , Barbarossa Valerio
Published: May 2022

Aim

Discharge is a key determinant of biodiversity in rivers. Positive relationships between riverine biodiversity and discharge, also called species–discharge relationships (SDRs), have been widely documented. However, potential human influences on these relationships are typically not considered. We aimed to fill this gap by exploring whether and how the slopes and intercepts of global riverine fish SDRs might be affected by human pressure on the environment.

Location

Global.

Time period

Current.

Major taxa studied

Riverine fishes.

Methods

We first quantified native riverine fish species richness of 4,430 catchments of >500 km2 in size with available discharge measurements, using a novel dataset of the global distributions of 11,425 riverine fish species. We then established mixed effects models relating fish species richness to discharge and to two aggregated human pressure variables: the human footprint index (HFI) and the fragmentation status index (FSI). We tested for possible interactions between discharge and the human pressure variables, while accounting for other relevant covariates of large‐scale gradients in riverine fish diversity.

Results

Against our expectations, we found positive coefficients for both HFI and FSI, in addition to a positive interaction between FSI and discharge. We found this consistently for different discharge variables (annual mean, maximum weekly and minimum weekly discharge). These findings suggest that riverine fish species richness tends to be higher in catchments characterized by more anthropogenic alterations of the natural environment.

Main conclusions

The global congruence between riverine fish species richness and human presence might reflect a commonality of drivers as well as biodiversity data gaps in the most pristine and species‐rich catchments. Irrespectively, our results indicate that conflicts between human development and conservation are not easily avoided and highlight the challenges involved in safeguarding global freshwater biodiversity.
Headache associated with COVID‐19: Epidemiology, characteristics, pathophysiology, and management
Authors: Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto
Published: May 2022

Objective

To review data regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, characteristics, and management of COVID‐19–associated headache. The persistence of headache after the acute phase of COVID‐19 was also reviewed.

Background

Headache is a frequent symptom of COVID‐19, and understanding its management is important for health‐care professionals involved in treating the disease.

Method

This is a narrative review. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database with the following terms: “headache” and “COVID‐19.” All articles written in English that were considered relevant were included.

Results

Half of the patients who have COVID‐19 present with headache, which occurs more frequently in younger patients; in those with previous primary headache or with previous migraine; and in those who have concomitantly presented with anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia. The headache usually begins early in the symptomatic phase, is bilateral, moderate to severe, and has a similar pattern to tension‐type headache. All studies found the migraine pattern and the tension‐type headache pattern to be frequent patterns. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms include direct viral injury, the inflammatory process, hypoxemia, coagulopathy, and endothelial involvement. Common analgesics and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are the most commonly used drugs for headache in the acute phase of COVID‐19. The headache may persist beyond the acute phase, and in such cases, there is an improvement over time. However, not all patients’ headaches improve. It seems to be a greater proportion of patients whose headache improves in the first 3 months after the acute phase of the disease than after this period. COVID‐19 may trigger new daily persistent headache.

Conclusions

Headache is a clinically significant symptom of COVID‐19. Although its characteristics in the acute phase of the disease are already well known, there is a need for studies on its management and persistence.
An exploration in pitfalls in interpreting SDHB immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ding Chien‐Kuang Cornelia , Chan Salina , Mak Julie , Umetsu Sarah E , Simko Jeffry P , Ruiz‐Cordero Roberto , Saunders Tara , Chan Emily
Published: May 2022

Aims

Mutations and epimutations in genes encoding the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHx) are associated with multiple tumour types in which identification of SDH‐deficiency has significant management implications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) subunit can help to detect SDH‐deficiency, which manifests as complete loss of staining in tumour cells. However, a subset of SDH‐deficient tumours can show aberrant cytoplasmic SDHB‐IHC staining patterns and be misinterpreted as ‘retained’, a diagnostic pitfall complicating interpretation. Herein, we characterise in detail aberrant SDHB‐IHC staining patterns in SDH‐deficient tumours.

Methods and results

We identified 23 tumours from patients with known germline SDHx and/or molecularly confirmed SDHx pathogenic/likely‐pathogenic variants in their tumour. Of these, eight (35%) showed significant SDHB‐IHC staining: one SDHA‐, one SDHB‐, three SDHC‐ and three SDHD‐mutated cases. In all eight cases, closer inspection revealed differences in intensity and intracellular distribution of SDHB‐IHC staining in tumour cells compared to adjacent non‐neoplastic cells: non‐neoplastic cells showed intense cytoplasmic coarse granular staining; tumour cells in seven of eight cases showed weak to focally strong, cytoplasmic blush to fine granular staining, in > 80% of cells. The remaining case in the initial block showed variably strong non‐granular cytoplasmic staining with globular perinuclear accentuation throughout, only subtly distinct from the staining pattern of non‐neoplastic cells. SDHB‐IHC performed on two additional blocks in this latter case revealed significant intratumoral heterogeneity, including convincing areas of complete loss.

Conclusions

When evaluating SDHB‐IHC, care should be taken to distinguish true retained expression from aberrant cytoplasmic expression, which may be difficult to appreciate. Sometimes this may require additional molecular testing.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma lesions treated with electrochemotherapy
Authors: Lalanda Raquel , Bartolo Joana , Carvalhal Sara , Abecasis Nuno , Farricha Victor
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a locally aggressive mesenchymal tumor that involves the lymphovascular system, with a tendency to become multifocal. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is considered a valuable treatment option in selected patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous KS lesions.

Methods

We report a retrospective study that included 14 classic and endemic KS patients that underwent ECT sessions for the treatment of KS cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions at our institution.

Results

According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria, our patients had an overall response rate (ORR) of 100% to the ECT treatment. A complete response (CR) was obtained in 92.8% of patients after one or more ECT sessions. Only one patient had a progressive disease (PD). The treatment was well tolerated with a low complication rate, mainly transitory local pain or skin ulceration.

Conclusions

ECT represents a locoregional therapy for containment and symptomatic control of classic and endemic KS cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. Further studies including different subtypes of KS patients should also be performed.
Chemical, technological and sensory quality of pasta and bakery products made with biomass and green banana flour
Authors: Kahler Stragliotto Leticia , Ferrari Gabriel Tonin , de Oliveira Viviani Ruffo
Published: May 2022

Banana is a highly nutritive food, low cost, easy to find and can be fully consumed. In its green maturation, the nutritive value is also interesting. This paper aimed to investigate studies that elaborated pasta and bakery products using biomass and green banana flour, and evaluate chemical, technology and sensory quality, besides whether these products could be considered gluten‐free alternatives. Among the included studies, cakes (35%), bread (25%) and pasta (20%) were the most studied products. In general, they succeeded in evaluating chemical, technological and sensory parameters. In terms of technological quality, breads were considered the most challenging foods to be prepared with green banana derivatives, possibly due to the lack of gluten network, extensibility, viscoelasticity, water and gas‐holding capacity. Only 45% of the papers made gluten‐free products. Green banana added to these products could be widely consumed by people, since it is a versatile alternative for many food possibilities, adding nutritional quality to the final product and helping on the prevention of food waste.
Techno‐environmental and life cycle assessment of ‘oat‐milk’ production in Ecuador: A cradle‐to‐retail life cycle assessment
Authors: Riofrio Ariel , Baykara Haci
Published: May 2022

There is an increase in consumer demand for plant‐based alternatives to common food products. A critical segment of the food industry is the dairy market, where milk alternatives are becoming the choice of many people throughout the world. Consumers purchase milk alternatives as they provide an environmentally friendly and healthier option than cow’s milk. The beef and cattle industry's negative impact on the environment has been well reported. The cattle industry accounts for almost 3% of the overall greenhouse gases emitted each year in climate change. This study analyses the life cycle assessment for the cradle‐to‐retail system in the production of oat‐based milk in Ecuador. Importing the oat was considered, and a techno‐environmental perspective was applied to the system modelling. It introduces oat milk as a new alternative to plant‐based beverages. Soy and almond milk are compared as established options in the market. Results showed better environmental performance from the oat beverage when compared to the traditional cow’s milk (+80% lower GHG emitted). Also, it can be established as a competitor for plant‐based alternatives. For instance, it requires significantly less water consumption than almond milk. The oat‐milk beverage has a better environmental performance than the traditional cow milk‐based options.
Methods to account for measured and unmeasured confounders in influenza relative vaccine effectiveness studies: A brief review of the literature
Authors: Loiacono Matthew M. , Van Aalst Robertus , Pokutnaya Darya , Mahmud Salaheddin M. , Nealon Joshua
Published: May 2022

Observational seasonal influenza relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) studies employ a variety of statistical methods to account for confounding and biases. To better understand the range of methods employed and implications for policy, we conducted a brief literature review. Across 37 included rVE studies, 10 different types of statistical methods were identified, and only eight studies reported methods to detect residual confounding, highlighting the heterogeneous state of the literature. To improve the comparability and credibility of future rVE research, researchers should clearly explain methods and design choices and implement methods to detect and quantify residual confounding.
The use of cyanoacrylate glue for skin grafts stabilisation: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Kattan Abdullah E. , Mortada Hatan , Alkahtani Rema , Bin Idris Reem , Gelidan Adnan G. , Alhumsi Taghreed
Published: May 2022

Cyanoacrylate (CA) tissue glue is frequently used in various surgical procedures, and it is simple to use and may save time during procedures. We report the use, effectiveness, and postoperative outcomes of patients who have undergone skin graft surgeries in which CA glue was used to stabilise the graft. A retrospective study of patients who underwent skin graft surgeries where CA was used to stabilise the grafts between January 2018 and August 2021 at different medical institutes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York). A total of 36 cases were included. Five patients (13.9%) had diabetes. All cases received antibiotics preoperatively. Two types of harvested skin grafts were used: (a) a non‐meshed split‐thickness skin graft (n = 24, 66.7%), and (b) a meshed split‐thickness skin graft (n = 12, 33.3%). The graft uptake outcome was 100% for 32 patients (88.9%). The most common underlying indication of skin grafting was burn 17 (47.2%), in which 5 (13.9%) developed partial graft loss. The percentage of skin grafts taken using CA was high and comparable to other fixation methods. Further studies may be needed to assess the long‐term outcomes and cost‐effectiveness.
Tailored electrostrain and related properties in (1 − x)BaTiO3–xSrSnO3 Pb‐free electroceramics
Authors: Kim Na Won , Lee Hae Won , Muneeswaran Muniyandi , Kim Minseong , Kang Donghun , Ko Minseong , Nam Woo Hyun , Lim Young Soo
Published: May 2022

We report excellent electrostrain properties of (1 − x)BaTiO3–xSrSnO3 (BSTS) Pb‐free electroceramics (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15), as well as the corresponding structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties. A tailored phase diagram of the pseudo‐binary solid solution of BaTiO3–SrSnO3, which exhibits a nearly composition‐independent orthorhombic–tetragonal polymorphic phase boundary close to room temperature, was obtained, and, in contrast to Ba(Ti1−xSnx)O3, the appearance of the relaxor mode was accelerated in the phase transition of BSTS owing to the additional incorporation of Sr. Using these compositionally modified phase‐related characteristics, desirable sets of electrostrain properties for actuator applications were obtained. Based on these results, we propose that BSTS is a promising candidate for Pb‐free electroceramics for high‐precision actuator applications near room temperature.
Dual effect of ZrO2 on phase separation and crystallization in Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2–P2O5 glasses
Authors: Zhu Lifan , Wang Mingzhong , Xu Yinsheng , Zhang Xianghua , Lu Ping
Published: May 2022

ZrO2 is an effective nucleation agent for low‐expansion lithium–aluminum silicate (LAS) glass–ceramic (GC) with high Al2O3 content. However, the effect of ZrO2 is still not fully understood in LAS glasses with low contents of Al2O3 and P2O5. In this work, the effect of ZrO2 on the phase separation and crystallization of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2–P2O5 glasses were investigated. The results revealed that ZrO2 significantly increased Tg and the crystallization temperature of Li2SiO3 and Li2Si2O5 crystals. Li3PO4 crystals precipitated preferentially in the glass containing 3.6‐mol% ZrO2, wherein Zr was stable in the network and no precipitation of ZrO2 nanocrystals was observed. Moreover, the separation of phosphate‐rich phases in the as‐quenched glasses increased with the addition of ZrO2. The findings of the study revealed a dual role of ZrO2. First, ZrO2 acted as a glass network former rather than a nucleation agent, increasing glass viscosity and the nucleation barrier of Li2SiO3 through its strong network connectivity. Second, as Zr preferentially combined with non‐bridging oxygen to form Si–O–Zr linkages, a sufficient amount of charge‐balancing Li+ ions existed in the network, which promoted the separation of phosphate‐rich phases. It indicated that the incorporation of ZrO2 contributes to the activation of the nucleation role of P2O5, thus contributing to the formation of nanocrystals and fine microstructure of GCs.
Museum education for pre‐service teachers in an online environment: Challenges and potentials
Authors: Pavlou Victoria
Published: May 2022

It was widely expected that the academic year 2020‐2021 would be a different experience for all involved in educational processes. Everybody had to readjust and reimagine their practice in order to respond to the new reality of teaching university courses online due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article focuses on the challenges and opportunities that were created because of the pandemic for experiential and collaborative learning during a museum education course addressed to student teachers in the context of initial teacher training. It focuses on a series of activities and reflective practices that took place in order to promote student engagement and active learning in the online environment within which the course was materialized, such as object‐based learning and museum visits. It discusses opportunities for an embodied living inquiry as a space for learning and researching. These experiences have implications for museum education through online training and contributes to the digital transformation of teacher training courses in Higher Educational Institutions.
Genotype by feeding regimen interactions for slaughter traits in rabbit and expected responses under restricted and full feeding
Authors: Sánchez Juan Pablo , Ragab Mohamed , Mínguez Carlos , Piles Miriam
Published: May 2022

The interaction between the genotype and feeding regimen (G×FR) for slaughter traits was estimated from data corresponding to 2557 animals under full (FF) and 2424 with restricted feeding (RF). Expected responses to selection under different scenario regarding feeding regimen were also calculated. Body weight at slaughter (SW), carcass weight (CW) and dressing out percentage (DoP) were analysed by using linear animal models in which records obtained under different feeding regimes were treated as different traits. Animals belonged to Caldes line, selected for average daily gain (G) under ad libitum feeding. The selection process information was included in the analyses. Marginal posterior mean of heritabilities were 0.102 for G, and 0.364, 0.257 and 0.167 for SW, CW and DoP under FF feeding. The corresponding values for animals fed on RF were 0.243, 0.203 and 0.379 for SW, CW and DoP, respectively. Genetic correlations between G and CW were positive and moderate, and those between G and DoP were low. The estimated genetic correlation between SW, CW and DoP under different feeding regimens were: 0.73, 0.69 and 0.87, respectively. These correlations cannot be said to be far enough from one to generate relevant G×FR interaction variance, which were estimated to be only 11.1%, 8.6% and 5.3% of the mean of the phenotypic variance for SW, CW and DoP, respectively. This lack of G×FR interaction variance, jointly with the higher heritability of DoP under RF, explains that the genetic improvement of DoP can be done more efficiently recording traits on animals under RF, even if the interest is on the performances under FF, i.e. by indirect selection.
Dielectric‐based tissue thickness measured during radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Schillaci Vincenzo , Stabile Giuseppe , Arestia Alberto , Shopova Gergana , Agresta Alessia , Salito Armando , Giannitti Carlo M. , Natalizia Andrea , De Simone Antonio , Solimene Francesco
Published: May 2022

Introduction: A new dielectric‐based method (KODEX‐EPD mapping system, EPD Solutions, a Philips company) for measuring tissue thickness at the catheter‐tissue interface has recently been developed. We reported preliminarydata on real‐time catheter‐based measuring myocardial wall thickness in vivo, during typical atrial flutter radio frequency ablation.Methods and Results: The study population consisted of 12 consecutive patients, suffering from symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent cavo‐tricuspid isthmus dependent, counter clockwise and clockwise AFL, under going a first catheter ablation between April 2021 and November 2021. The new KODEX‐EPD function, Wall Viever, was used to calculate atrialwall thickness. The atrial wall thickness was significantly higher closeto the tricuspid annulus than close to the inferior vena cava (3.6 ± 0.5 mm vs 2.4 ± 0.3 mm, p < .001) and a trend towards a progressive decrease of atrial wall thickness was observed moving the mapping catheter from the tricuspidvalve to the inferior vena cava.Conclusions: Thenew KODEX‐EPD function, Wall Viever, allowed us to assess atrial wall thickness during atrial flutter radio frequency ablation.
Reusable device for cooling beverages and liquid foods: A novel approach to replace ice in glass
Authors: Kumar Guruvanna Mahesh , Mutharayappa Manjunatha , Rajappa Divyashree Hulluru , Anand Bangalore Aswathnarayana
Published: May 2022

Vogue of drinking beverages and liquid foods (BLFs) with ice is embedded and ever increasing in our hasty busy life. Direct use of unsafe ice and/or food ice containing pathogens in BLFs is threat to human health. In the current study, as an alternate to ice, a reusable cooling device was developed to cool some widely consumed BLFs. The device engineered with phase change materials (PCM), namely, portable water (PW), distilled water (DW), and PW + DW and the effect of solutes (salt and sugar @2%, 4%, and 6%) in PW and DW was demonstrated for its ability to store total cool energy before evaluating its cooling performance in BLFs. The PCMs, namely, DW and DW + 2% salt taken 195 and 240 min, respectively to reach target −19°C storing highest cool energy than other PCMs evaluated. Cooling of BLFs by the device containing different PCMs was significantly different with cooling time and PCM type while highest cooling performance was exhibited by DW followed by DW + 2% salt. It was found that 6.6–17.0°C and 17.7–23.3°C drop in temperature (ΔT) range within 5 and 30 min of cooling process, respectively using the device with DW inside. The ΔT (maximum temperature drop) was in the order for potable water > beer > soft drink > whisky > butter milk/flavored milk > orange juice > apple juice > lassi during cooling using the device. The developed PCM‐based device could be used as an alternate to ice for cooling 200 mL of beer, whisky, soft drink, orange juice, apple juice, butter milk, flavored milk, and lassi in drinking glass.

Practical applications

The reusable device is engineered with phase change material (PCM) inside safely. It would replace ice for cooling by reducing 23°C in a drinking glass of beverages and liquid foods (BLFs) because of its simple in design, compact and safe. It can be sterilized and washed easily and quickly because of its hygienically engineered mirror finish surface. It can be used for years in hotels, retails and catering premises, road side shops, local open markets, eateries retail shops, pubs and bars because of its durable material of construction. It can easily be recharged in refrigerators and even using ice. The data and research findings on sensible cooling, phase change, and cooling capacity of PCM generated with the device would be very useful for Food Process Engineering field for applications, namely, heat transfer, refrigeration, air conditioning, and cold chain management and for translating research work in the field.
Rapid responses: Receptor‐like kinases directly regulate the functions of membrane transport proteins in plants
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Jingjie , Shi Hongyong , Li Bo , Li Jia
Published: May 2022

Receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) are a large group of plant‐specific transmembrane proteins mainly acting as receptors or co‐receptors of various extracellular signals. They usually turn extracellular signals into intracellular responses via altering gene expression profiles. However, recent studies confirmed that many RLKs can physically interact with diverse membrane‐localized transport proteins and regulate their activities for speedy responses in limited tissues or cells. In this minireview, we highlight recent discoveries regarding how RLKs can work with membrane transport proteins collaboratively and thereby trigger cellular responses in a precise and rapid manner. It is anticipated that such regulation broadly presents in plants and more examples will be gradually revealed when in‐depth analyses are conducted for the functions of RLKs.
bZIP71 delays flowering by suppressing Ehd1 expression in rice
Authors: Li Xiufeng , Tian Xiaojie , He Mingliang , Liu Xinxin , Li Zhiyong , Tang Jiaqi , Mei Enyang , Xu Min , Liu Yingxiang , Wang Zhenyu , Guan Qingjie , Meng Wei , Fang Jun , Zhang Jian , Bu Qingyun
Published: May 2022

Flowering time is a fundamental factor determining the global distribution and final yield of rice (Oryza sativa). Although diverse flowering time genes have been reported in this crop, the transcriptional regulation of its key flowering genes are poorly understood. Here, we report that a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, bZIP71, functions as a flowering repressor. The overexpression of bZIP71 delays flowering, while the bzip71 mutant flowers early in both long‐day and short‐day conditions. A genetic analysis showed that the regulation of flowering by bZIP71 might be independent of Heading date 2 (Hd2), Hd4, and Hd5. Importantly, bZIP71 directly associates with the Early heading date 1 (Ehd1) promoter and represses its transcription, and genetically the function of bZIP71 is impaired in the ehd1 mutant. Moreover, bZIP71 interacts with major components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), SET domain group protein 711 (SDG711), and Fertilization independent endosperm 2 (FIE2), through which bZIP71 regulates the H3K27me3 level of Ehd1. Taken together, we present a transcriptional regulatory mechanism in which bZIP71 enhances the H3K27me3 level of Ehd1 and transcriptionally represses its expression, which not only offers a novel insight into a flowering pathway, but also provides a valuable putative target for the genetic engineering and breeding of elite rice cultivars.
Immunohistochemical expression of Axin‐2, as an implication of the role of stem cell in scar pathogenesis and prognosis
Authors: Bazid Heba A. S. , Samaka Rehab Monir , Mousa Marwa E. A. , Seleit Iman
Published: May 2022

Background

Wound healing is a multi‐phased process. A disruption in these phases could result in a persistent wound or an atypical scar. Wounding activates wingless proteins (Wnt) signaling, which aids in the healing process. Axis inhibition protein‐2 regulates a variety of cellular activities through the Wnt and other pathways.

Aim

To assess the role of Axin‐2 in patients with abnormal scars, using immunohistochemical study.

Methods

This case–control study enrolled a total of 60 participants: 30 patients with abnormal scars (12 hypertrophic scars, 13 atrophic scars, and 5 keloid scars) and 30 age, sex, and site matched, apparently healthy controls. For immunohistochemistry examination of Axin‐2 expression, skin samples were obtained from (i) lesional and (ii) perilesional skin of patients with aberrant scars, as well as (iii) normal control's skin.

Results

Epidermal Axin‐2 expression positivity, cellular topography, intensity, and H score showed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). In the dermis (fibroblast/myofibroblast), there were significant differences in Axin‐2 expression positivity, location, intensity, and H score (p < 0.001 for all). The epidermal Axin‐2 H score and the Manchester scale had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.832, p = 0.001). The epidermal Axin‐2 H score and age (r = −0.576, p = 0.001), and the Stony Brook scale (r = −0.419, p = 0.021), had significant negative correlations.

Conclusion

Axin‐2 overexpression might be accused in pathogenesis of abnormal scar and clinical worse scar outcome. In order to deprive scars of their regenerative cell pools, future scar therapies may target Axin‐2 as a stem cell marker.
The effectiveness of social media intervention in people with diabetes: An integrative review
Authors: Yaagoob Esmaeel , Hunter Sharyn , Chan Sally
Published: May 2022

Aim

This integrative review aimed to synthesise the available quantitative and qualitative studies on the effectiveness of diabetes self‐management education (DSME) delivered through social media on glycaemic control (HbA1c), knowledge, health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression and self‐efficacy in people with diabetes mellitus.

Background

DSME is the main component of diabetes management which contributes to behavioural changes and the improvement of metabolic control and self‐monitoring skills. Due to limited face‐to‐face access to healthcare services, social media has increasingly been used to deliver DSME for people with diabetes. However, there is a paucity of reviews addressing the effectiveness of using social media in delivering DSME.

Design

An integrative review was conducted based on Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodology.

Methods

The following databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2020: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE, EMCare and Google Scholar. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews was used.

Results

A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Facebook and WhatsApp were the most common social media platforms used to deliver DSME intervention. Nurses were the most frequent DSME providers. The duration and content of DSME in the reviewed studies varied. Consistent positive outcomes were found on glycaemic control, diabetic knowledge and self‐efficacy. No studies considered the effect of DSME on HRQoL, anxiety and depression.

Conclusions

Social media DSME can be effective in reducing HbA1c levels, increasing diabetic knowledge and self‐efficacy. Further studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of using social media to deliver DSME intervention on HRQoL, anxiety and depression.

Relevance to clinical practice

This review provides nurses and healthcare professionals with evidence to support the use of social media to deliver DSME for people with diabetes. DSME delivered via social media supported by nurses would overcome limitations of face‐to‐face delivery such as geographical distance, travelling time, or other limited resources by patients with diabetes.
Testing Disagreement Models
Authors: CHANG YEN‐CHENG , HSIAO PEI‐JIE , LJUNGQVIST ALEXANDER , TSENG KEVIN
Published: May 2022

We provide plausibly identified evidence for the role of investor disagreement in asset pricing. Our natural experiment exploits the staggered implementation of the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system, which induces a reduction in investor disagreement. Consistent with models of investor disagreement, EDGAR inclusion helps resolve disagreement around information events, leading to stock price corrections. The reduction in disagreement following EDGAR inclusion also reduces stock price crash risk, especially among stocks with binding short‐sale constraints and high investor optimism.
Biomechanical Analysis of Different Framework Design, Framework Material and Bone Density in the Edentulous Mandible With Fixed Implant‐Supported Prostheses: A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Study
Authors: Yu Wenqian , Chen Siyi , Ma Li , Ma Xiaoni , Xu Xin
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The objective of this finite element study was to investigate the effect of different framework designs, framework materials, and bone densities on the stress distribution of fixed implant‐supported prostheses for edentulous mandibles.

Materials and methods

Under the condition of 2‐mm cortical bone, 16 models were created in the edentulous mandible to simulate different framework designs (1‐piece or 3‐piece frameworks) with different framework material (pure titanium, zirconia, polyetheretherketone, or carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone) in‐high or low‐density trabecular bone. Then, vertical loading and oblique loading at 75° were applied to the anterior and posterior regions. The stress distribution and stress concentration region of implant and peri‐implant bone with different combinations were compared by finite element analysis.

Results

The use of the 1‐piece zirconia framework in high‐density trabecular bone improved stress distribution on implants and peri‐implant bone. The region of stress concentration is located in the buccal cervix of the distal implants and the distobuccal portion of the cortical bone in all models. To improve the stress distribution on fixed implant‐supported dentures for edentulous mandibles, the 1‐piece framework and zirconia represent the better combination.

Conclusion

Under the condition of 2‐mm cortical bone thickness, the full‐arch zirconia framework had minimum von Mises stress on implants and peri‐implant bone in all models, and high trabecular bone density greatly decreased the stress on cortical bone.
Size and shape in the evolution of the worker head in Pheidole ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Casadei‐Ferreira A. , Feitosa R. M. , Pie M. R.
Published: May 2022

The division of labor into sterile and reproductive castes in social insects is often reflected in marked morphological differences, which might have played an important role in the remarkable adaptive success of these organisms. Some ant lineages have undergone further morphological differentiation, with the evolution of differences within the worker caste. In this study, we characterize morphological diversity in the head of Pheidole ants by comparing differences in size and shape among species and between minor and major worker subcastes. To this end, we integrate data from high‐resolution images, geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods. Our results indicated differences in morphological variation of each subcaste with respect to their geographical distribution, with distinct morphological patterns and evolutionary routes related to head shape. Allometry was shown to be a crucial element for the differentiation within and between each subcaste, corroborating the role of size in their morphological evolution. Additionally, we observed that closely related species often diverge considerably in morphospace, whereas convergence in their morphospace occupation characterizes some West and East Hemisphere species. Finally, although multiple shifts in the rate of morphological evolution occurred during the Miocene, the timing and position of these shifts were independent of size and shape, suggesting that their evolution has been decoupled throughout Pheidole evolution.
Physicochemical quality of reservoir sediment in irrigation dams of Northern Ghana
Authors: Abagale Felix K. , Adongo Thomas Apusiga
Published: May 2022

The present study assessed the physicochemical quality of irrigation dam reservoir sediment deposits for possible use in enriching soils in Northern Ghana. The surface area of the 9 study reservoirs was divided into upstream, midstream and downstream sections, with 18 undisturbed sediment samples taken at 0–30 cm depth for determining the soil dry bulk density, and 30 samples collected for analysis of particle size distribution, pH, macronutrients, CEC, EC, ESP and SAR. Reservoir sediments were rich in plant macronutrients (K, Ca and Mg) and organic matter and high in silt and clay content. The dry bulk density ranged from 1.10 ± 0.02 g/cm3to 1.39 ± 0.08 g/cm3, while the sediment particle sizes were 10.3%–24.8% sand, 43.7%–53.1% silt and 30.6%–37.8% clay. The sediment pH ranged from a moderately acidic level of 5.48–6.64, with high levels of organic carbon (1.37%–2.96%) and organic matter (2.36%–5.10%). The total nitrogen (N) was found to be low (0.14%–0.29%), while the phosphorus (P) ranged from 2.6% to 4.9%, about 10 times higher than the FAO recommended normal average range. Except for the potassium (K) in two of the present study reservoirs, the exchangeable bases concentrations in the sediments were within acceptable levels for crop production. The CEC values were within moderate levels (13.69 to 29.84 cmol/kg), corresponding to a non‐expanding, chemically inactive clay, while the salinity and sodicity were absent, with the EC varying between 0.03 and 0.27 dS/m and ESP ranging from 1.8% to 12.9%. Pearson's correlation analyses indicated both positive and negative relationships among the various physicochemical parameters. Based on the present study results, desilted irrigation reservoir sediments, being rich in all plant nutrients, except for N, appear to have great potential to enhance crop production for farmers.
Multi‐omics analysis identifies a CYP9K1 haplotype conferring pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in East Africa
Authors: Hearn Jack , Djoko Tagne Carlos S. , Ibrahim Sulaiman S. , Tene‐Fossog Billy , Mugenzi Leon M. J. , Irving Helen , Riveron Jacob M. , Weedall Gareth D. , Wondji Charles S.
Published: May 2022

Metabolic resistance to pyrethroids is a menace to the continued effectiveness of malaria vector controls. Its molecular basis is complex and varies geographically across Africa. Here, we used a multi‐omics approach, followed‐up with functional validation to show that a directionally selected haplotype of a cytochrome P450, CYP9K1 is a major driver of resistance in Anopheles funestus. A PoolSeq GWAS using mosquitoes alive and dead after permethrin exposure, from Malawi and Cameroon, detected candidate genomic regions, but lacked consistency across replicates. Targeted sequencing of candidate resistance genes detected several SNPs associated with known pyrethroid resistance QTLs. The most significant SNPs were in the cytochrome P450 CYP304B1 (Cameroon), CYP315A1 (Uganda) and the ABC transporter gene ABCG4 (Malawi). However, when comparing field resistant mosquitoes to laboratory susceptible, the pyrethroid resistance locus rp1 and SNPs around the ABC transporter ABCG4 were consistently significant, except for Uganda where SNPs in the P450 CYP9K1 was markedly significant. In vitro heterologous metabolism assays with recombinant CYP9K1 revealed that it metabolises type II pyrethroid (deltamethrin; 64% depletion) but not type I (permethrin; 0%), while moderately metabolising DDT (17%). CYP9K1 exhibited reduced genetic diversity in Uganda underlying an extensive selective sweep. Furthermore, a glycine to alanine (G454A) amino acid change in CYP9K1 was fixed in Ugandan mosquitoes but not in other An. funestus populations. This study sheds further light on the evolution of metabolic resistance in a major malaria vector by implicating more genes and variants that can be used to design field‐applicable markers to better track resistance Africa‐wide.
Is photobiomodulation effective during maxillary expansion? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chaves Igor Carvalho , de Paula Dayrine Silveira , Mota Mário Rogério Lima , Sousa Fabrício Bitu , de Barros Silva Paulo Goberlânio , Nunes Alves Ana Paula Negreiros
Published: May 2022

We performed a systematic review on literature associated with meta‐analyses to elucidate whether (I) low‐level laser therapy (C) compared to placebo accelerates (O) bone neoformation in the region of the midpalatal suture in (P) patients undergoing transverse maxillary expansion. Two reviewers blindly performed targeted searches using the selection criteria (PICOS) in seven major databases and three grey literature databases, employing specific terms and their entrenchments. The RevMan® software (Review Manager, version 5.3, Cochrane Collaboration) was used to adapt the RoB summary illustration to the Cochrane 2.0 tool questions. Meta‐analysis was performed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and Cohen's d calculation on random effects, tests for heterogeneity (I2) and publication bias (Egger and Begg), and one‐of‐out sensitivity analysis. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was used for evidence quality analysis. Among the five studies included in the qualitative synthesis, three were included in the meta‐analysis. All analysed studies were prospective randomized clinical trials. The risk of bias was such that the Egger (P = .1991) and Begg (P = .024) tests showed no significant risk of publication bias. The meta‐analysis showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 81%, P < .00001), and 3 months after the operation, there was no significant difference between the photobiomodulation (PBMT) group and control group (P = .850) or between the subgroups of the periods evaluated after 3 months (P = 0.490). GRADE showed an SMD of 0.62. Photobiomodulation as an adjuvant therapy in patients undergoing transverse maxillary expansion has few benefits and is limited in shape, as it contributes to bone healing in the midpalatal suture region after a period of 3 months.
Are Newsjunkies More Likely to Vote? Intrinsic Need for Orientation and Voter Registration, Intention to Vote, and Voter Conscientiousness
Authors: Martin Justin D. , Sharma Krishna
Published: May 2022

This study examined the newsjunkie characteristic—intrinsic need for orientation (INFO)—as a predictor of being registered to vote, intention to vote, and voter conscientiousness among a large sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,059), while controlling for media use, news consumption, political partisanship, and demographics. INFO assesses the extent to which people access news in their downtime, feel discomfort when they cannot get news, check news among the first things they do daily, and believe that following news connects them with others. The current study is the first to examine relationships between the sustained, psychological INFO trait and political participation. INFO rests upon theoretical frameworks of uses and gratifications and self‐determination theory, both of which are employed in this study. INFO was positively correlated with being registered to vote, with intending to vote in the 2020 U.S. election, and with voter conscientiousness, even after controlling for numerous other variables. Additionally, INFO was still positively associated with the political participation variables after political news consumption was included as a mediator in three mediation analyses.
Contaminated consignment simulation to support risk‐based inspection design
Authors: Montgomery Kellyn , Petras Vaclav , Takeuchi Yu , Katsar Catherine S.
Published: May 2022

Invasive nonnative plant pests can cause extensive environmental and economic damage and are very difficult to eradicate once established. Phytosanitary inspections that aim to prevent biological invasions by limiting movement of nonnative plant pests across borders are a critical component of the biosecurity continuum. Inspections can also provide valuable information about when and where plant pests are crossing national boundaries. However, only a limited portion of the massive volume of goods imported daily can be inspected, necessitating a highly targeted, risk‐based strategy. Furthermore, since inspections must prioritize detection and efficiency, their outcomes generally cannot be used to make inferences about risk for cargo pathways as a whole. Phytosanitary agencies need better tools for quantifying pests going undetected and designing risk‐based inspection strategies appropriate for changing operational conditions. In this research, we present PoPS (Pest or Pathogen Spread) Border, an open‐source consignment inspection simulator for measuring inspection outcomes under various cargo contamination scenarios to support recommendations for inspection protocols and estimate pest slippage rates. We used the tool to estimate contamination rates of historical interception data, quantify tradeoffs in effectiveness and workload for inspection strategies, and identify vulnerabilities in sampling protocols as changes in cargo configurations and contamination occur. These use cases demonstrate how this simulation approach permits testing inspection strategies and measuring quantities that would otherwise be impossible in a field‐based setting. This work represents the first steps toward a decision support tool for creating dynamic inspection protocols that respond to changes in available resources, workload, and commerce trends.
The massacre generation: Young people and attitudes about mass shooting prevention
Authors: Vegter Abigail , Middlewood Alexandra T.
Published: May 2022

Objective

We propose that citizens navigate an increasingly complex social and political world using a “cultural toolkit” shaped by firearms and gun violence. Young people in particular have experienced more mass shootings than any previous generation and have witnessed a lack of government response to these massacres. This article explores the attitudes that members of the Massacre Generation express about mass shooting prevention.

Methods

We analyze data from several public opinion surveys conducted following major mass shootings in the United States using logistic regression. These surveys were fielded and sponsored by a variety of organizations and asked a nearly identical question about whether mass shootings can be prevented by societal and governmental action.

Results

We find that the Massacre Generation is indeed more likely to think the government can prevent mass shootings by implementing stricter gun control laws. We find evidence of these attitudes in multiple public opinion surveys from 2012 to 2018. Furthermore, we find no age effect in multiple surveys conducted between 1999 and 2011, suggesting that these attitudes are a relatively new phenomenon.

Conclusion

Young people today express that government regulation (i.e., stricter gun laws) can prevent gun violence, placing them at odds with older generations. We discuss the implications of our findings for gun policy development and the future of the gun debate.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*56:01:18 allele using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Lee Jinho , Hong Jun Young , Jung Sunmi , Lee Jina , Park Younhee
Published: May 2022

The HLA‐B*56:01:18 allele differs from HLA‐B*56:01:01:01 allele by a single nucleotide in codon 326.3.