bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised outlier detection for time-series data of indoor air quality using LSTM autoencoder with ensemble method
Authors: Park Junhyeok , Seo Youngsuk , Cho Jaehyuk
Published: May 2023

The proposed framework consists of three modules as an outlier detection method for indoor air quality data. We first use a long short-term memory autoencoder (LSTM-AE) based reconstruction error detector, which designs the LSTM layer in the shape of an autoencoder, to build a reconstruction error-based outlier detection model and extract latent features. The latent feature class-assisted vector machine detector constructs an additional outlier detection model using previously extracted latent features. Finally, the ensemble detector combines the two independent classifiers to define a new ensemble-based decision rule. Furthermore, because real-time anomaly detection proceeds with unsupervised learning, more stable and consistent external detection rules are defined than when using a single ensemble model. Laboratory tests with five random cases were performed for objective evaluation. Thus, we propose a framework that can be applied to various industrial environments by detecting and defining stable outlier decision rules.
Mixed methods study of student participation and self-efficacy in remote asynchronous undergraduate physics laboratories: contributors, lurkers, and outsiders
Authors: Rosen Drew , Kelly Angela M.
Published: May 2023

Background

While laboratory practices have traditionally been conducted in-person, online asynchronous laboratory learning has been growing in popularity due to increased enrollments and the recent pandemic, creating opportunities for accessibility. In remote asynchronous learning environments, students have more autonomy to choose how they participate with other students in their laboratory classes. Communities of practice and self-efficacy may provide insights into why students are making their participation choices and how they are interacting with peers in asynchronous physics laboratory courses.

Results

In this mixed methods, explanatory sequential study, students in an introductory physics remote asynchronous laboratory (N = 272) were surveyed about their social learning perceptions and their physics laboratory self-efficacy. Three groups of students were identified based upon their self-reported participation level of communication with peers in asynchronous courses: (1) contributors, who communicated with peers via instant messaging software and posted comments; (2) lurkers, who read discussions on instant messaging software without posting comments; and (3) outsiders, who neither read nor posted comments to peer discussions. Analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey tests showed significant differences in social learning perceptions among contributors, lurkers, and outsiders, with a large effect size, and differences between contributing and lurking students’ self-efficacy, with a small effect size. Qualitative findings from open-ended survey responses indicated contributors felt the structure of the learning environment, or their feeling of connectedness with other students, facilitated their desire to contribute. Many lurkers felt they could get what they needed through vicarious learning, and many expressed their lack of confidence to post relevant, accurate comments. Outsiders felt they did not have to, did not want to, or could not connect with other students.

Conclusions

While the classroom laboratory traditionally requires all students to participate in the learning process through active socialization with other students, students in a remote asynchronous laboratory may still gain the benefits of participation through lurking. Instructors may consider lurking in an online or remote science laboratory as a legitimate form of participation and engagement.
Evaluation of surgical techniques in survival rate and complications of zygomatic implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla: a systematic review
Authors: Kämmerer Peer W. , Fan Shengchi , Aparicio Carlos , Bedrossian Edmond , Davó Rubén , Morton Dean , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Zarrine Sepehr , Al-Nawas Bilal
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To assess the outcome [zygomatic implant (ZI) survival] and complications of the original surgical technique (OST) and an Anatomy-Guided approach (AGA) in the placement of ZI in patients with severely atrophic maxillae.

Methods

Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search from January 2000 to August 2022. The inclusion criteria were articles reporting at least five patients with severely atrophic edentulous maxilla undergoing placement OST and/or AGA, with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. Number of patients, defect characteristics, number of ZI, implant details, surgical technique, survival rate, loading protocol, prosthetic rehabilitation, complications, and follow-up period were compared.

Results

Twenty-four studies comprised 2194 ZI in 918 patients with 41 failures. The ZI survival rate was 90.3–100% in OST and 90.4–100% in AGA. Probability of complications with ZI with OST was as follows: sinusitis, 9.53%; soft tissue infection, 7.50%; paresthesia, 10.78%; oroantral fistulas, 4.58%; and direct surgical complication, 6.91%. With AGA, the presenting complications were as follows: sinusitis, 4.39%; soft tissue infection, 4.35%; paresthesia, 0.55%; oroantral fistulas, 1.71%; and direct surgical complication, 1.60%. The prevalence of immediate loading protocol was 22.3% in OST and 89.6% in the AGA. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, statistical comparison was only possible after the descriptive analysis.

Conclusions

Based on the current systematic review, placing ZI in severely atrophic edentulous maxillae rehabilitation with the OST and AGA is associated with a high implant survival rate and surgical complications within a minimum of 6 months follow-up. Complications, including sinusitis and soft tissue infection around the implant, are the most common. The utilization of immediate loading protocol is more observed in AGA than in OST.

Graphical Abstract
Fighting reviewer fatigue or amplifying bias? Considerations and recommendations for use of ChatGPT and other large language models in scholarly peer review
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Horbach Serge P. J. M.
Published: May 2023

Background

The emergence of systems based on large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT has created a range of discussions in scholarly circles. Since LLMs generate grammatically correct and mostly relevant (yet sometimes outright wrong, irrelevant or biased) outputs in response to provided prompts, using them in various writing tasks including writing peer review reports could result in improved productivity. Given the significance of peer reviews in the existing scholarly publication landscape, exploring challenges and opportunities of using LLMs in peer review seems urgent. After the generation of the first scholarly outputs with LLMs, we anticipate that peer review reports too would be generated with the help of these systems. However, there are currently no guidelines on how these systems should be used in review tasks.

Methods

To investigate the potential impact of using LLMs on the peer review process, we used five core themes within discussions about peer review suggested by Tennant and Ross-Hellauer. These include 1) reviewers’ role, 2) editors’ role, 3) functions and quality of peer reviews, 4) reproducibility, and 5) the social and epistemic functions of peer reviews. We provide a small-scale exploration of ChatGPT’s performance regarding identified issues.

Results

LLMs have the potential to substantially alter the role of both peer reviewers and editors. Through supporting both actors in efficiently writing constructive reports or decision letters, LLMs can facilitate higher quality review and address issues of review shortage. However, the fundamental opacity of LLMs’ training data, inner workings, data handling, and development processes raise concerns about potential biases, confidentiality and the reproducibility of review reports. Additionally, as editorial work has a prominent function in defining and shaping epistemic communities, as well as negotiating normative frameworks within such communities, partly outsourcing this work to LLMs might have unforeseen consequences for social and epistemic relations within academia. Regarding performance, we identified major enhancements in a short period and expect LLMs to continue developing.

Conclusions

We believe that LLMs are likely to have a profound impact on academia and scholarly communication. While potentially beneficial to the scholarly communication system, many uncertainties remain and their use is not without risks. In particular, concerns about the amplification of existing biases and inequalities in access to appropriate infrastructure warrant further attention. For the moment, we recommend that if LLMs are used to write scholarly reviews and decision letters, reviewers and editors should disclose their use and accept full responsibility for data security and confidentiality, and their reports’ accuracy, tone, reasoning and originality.
Psychometric evaluation of the Symptoms of Infection with Coronavirus-19 (SIC): results from a cross-sectional study and a phase 3 clinical trial
Authors: Chan Eric K.H. , Williams Valerie , Romano Carla , Fehnel Sheri , Slagle Ashley F. , Stoddard Jeffrey , Sadoff Jerald , Mayorga Margaret , Lewis Sandy , Yarr Stuart , Ma Jia , Liu Yan , Katz Eva G. , McNulty Pauline , van Dromme Ilse , McQuarrie Kelly
Published: May 2023

Background

The Symptoms of Infection with Coronavirus-19 (SIC) is a 30-item patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure scored by body system composites to assess signs/symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to cross-sectional and longitudinal psychometric evaluations, qualitative exit interviews were conducted to support the content validity of the SIC.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in the United States completed the web-based SIC and additional PRO measures. A subset was invited to participate in phone-based exit interviews. Longitudinal psychometric properties were assessed in ENSEMBLE2, a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine. Psychometric properties evaluated included structure, scoring, reliability, construct validity, discriminating ability, responsiveness, and meaningful change thresholds of SIC items and composite scores.

Results

In the cross-sectional study, 152 participants completed the SIC (mean age, 51.0 ± 18.6 years) and 20 completed follow-up interviews. Fatigue (77.6%), feeling unwell (65.8%), and cough (60.5%) were symptoms most frequently reported. SIC inter-item correlations were all positive and mostly moderate (r ≥ 0.3) and statistically significant. SIC items and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 (PROMIS-29) scores correlated as hypothesized (all r ≥ 0.32). Internal consistency reliabilities of all SIC composite scores were satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.69–0.91). SIC composite scores correlated moderately (r = 0.30–0.49) to strongly (r ≥ 0.50) with PROMIS-29 scores and Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGIS) ratings (all P < 0.01). A variety of signs/symptoms were cited in exit interviews, and participants considered the SIC straightforward, comprehensive, and easy to use. From ENSEMBLE2, 183 participants with laboratory-confirmed moderate to severe/critical COVID-19 were included (51.5 ± 14.8 years). Strong test-retest reliabilities were observed for most SIC composite scores (intraclass correlations ≥ 0.60). Statistically significant differences across PGIS severity levels were found for all but 1 composite score, supporting known-groups validity. All SIC composite scores demonstrated responsiveness based on changes in PGIS.

Conclusions

The psychometric evaluations provided strong evidence for the reliability and validity of the SIC for measuring COVID-19 symptoms, supporting its use in vaccine and treatment trials. In exit interviews, participants described a broad range of signs/symptoms consistent with previous research, further supporting the content validity and format of the SIC.
A solution of the Crow-Kimura evolution model on fluctuating fitness landscape
Authors: Suvorov Vladimir , Saakian David B. , Lynch Michael
Published: May 2023

The article discusses the Crow-Kimura model in the context of random transitions between different fitness landscapes. The duration of epochs, during which the fitness landscape is constant over time, is modeled by an exponential distribution. To obtain an exact solution, a system of functional equations is required. However, to approximate the model, we consider the cases of slow or fast transitions and calculate the first-order corrections using either the transition rate or its inverse. Specifically, we focus on the case of slow transitions and find that the average fitness is equal to the average fitness for evolution on static fitness landscapes, but with the addition of a load term. We also investigate the model for a small number of genes and identify the exact transition points to the transient phase.
L'histoire au conditionnel passé du cinéma tunisien
Authors: Ben Ouanès Kamel , Caillé Patricia
Published: May 2023

Précis

Les historiens en Tunisie ne se sont guère intéressés au cinéma. A partir d'une production éditoriale locale qui accompagne commémorations et manifestations cinématographiques en Tunisie, cet article tisse les contours du paysage, souvent ambivalent, du cinéma tunisien. La première partie restitue la production des savoirs sur le cinéma tunisien dans ses différents lieux. La deuxième partie porte sur une production nationale contingente constituée de textes, le plus souvent collectifs, d'acteurs et actrices engagés dans diverses capacités pour le développement d'un cinéma local. Alternant états des lieux, témoignages et analyses dans un rapport convenu, mais devenu trop étroit, aux valeurs du tiers-mondisme, ces textes affichent un attachement indéfectible au cinéma d'auteur et réaffirment les fondements d'une culture du cinéma hégémonique. La troisième partie explore les vestiges d'une lutte du cinéma face à un Etat défaillant, que la nouvelle génération a déjà dépassée dans ses pratiques.
Nuclear lipid droplets – how are they different from their cytoplasmic siblings?
Authors: Fujimoto Toyoshi
Published: May 2023

Lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytoplasm are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are connected with various organelles, both structurally and functionally. This is in contrast to LDs in the nucleus, which are separated from organelles in the cytoplasm. How nuclear lipid droplets form and what function they have were not known for many years. Recent results have revealed that nuclear LDs in hepatocytes are derived from lipoprotein precursors in the ER lumen, whereas those in non-hepatocytes and budding yeast newly form in the inner nuclear membrane. Although nuclear LDs are far fewer in number than cytoplasmic LDs, the unique location appears to bestow upon them specific functions, which are potentially linked to nuclear biology. This Review will provide an overview of our current understanding of nuclear LDs, discuss how they are different from cytoplasmic LDs and highlight knowledge gaps that need to be filled in future studies.
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography: research or clinical practice?
Authors: Gazzotti Silvia , Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Schileo Enrico , Taddei Fulvia , Sangiorgi Luca , Fusaro Maria , Miceli Marco , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Bazzocchi Alberto
Published: May 2023

High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) is a low-dose three-dimensional imaging technique, originally developed for in vivo assessment of bone microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia in osteoporosis. HR-pQCT has the ability to discriminate trabecular and cortical bone compartments, providing densitometric and structural parameters. At present, HR-pQCT is mostly used in research settings, despite evidence showing that it may be a valuable tool in osteoporosis and other diseases. This review summarizes the main applications of HR-pQCT and addresses the limitations that currently prevent its integration into routine clinical practice. In particular, the focus is on the use of HR-pQCT in primary and secondary osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), endocrine disorders affecting bone, and rare diseases. A section on novel potential applications of HR-pQCT is also present, including assessment of rheumatic diseases, knee osteoarthritis, distal radius/scaphoid fractures, vascular calcifications, effect of medications, and skeletal muscle. The reviewed literature seems to suggest that a more widespread implementation of HR-pQCT in clinical practice would offer notable opportunities. For instance, HR-pQCT can improve the prediction of incident fractures beyond areal bone mineral density provided by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, HR-pQCT may be used for the monitoring of anti-osteoporotic therapy or for the assessment of mineral and bone disorder associated with CKD. Nevertheless, several obstacles currently prevent a broader use of HR-pQCT and would need to be targeted, such as the small number of installed machines worldwide, the uncertain cost-effectiveness, the need for improved reproducibility, and the limited availability of reference normative data sets.
Avoid non-diagnostic EUS-FNA: a DNN model as a possible gatekeeper to distinguish pancreatic lesions prone to inconclusive biopsy
Authors: Qu Weinuo , Yang Jiannan , Li Jiali , Yuan Guanjie , Li Shichao , Chu Qian , Xie Qingguo , Zhang Qingpeng , Cheng Bin , Li Zhen
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This work aimed to explore the utility of CT radiomics with machine learning for distinguishing the pancreatic lesions prone to non-diagnostic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).

Methods:

498 patients with pancreatic EUS-FNA were retrospectively reviewed [Development cohort: 147 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); Validation cohort: 37 PDAC]. Pancreatic lesions not PDAC were also tested exploratively. Radiomics extracted from contrast-enhanced CT was integrated with deep neural networks (DNN) after dimension reduction. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed for model evaluation. And, the explainability of the DNN model was analyzed by integrated gradients.

Results:

The DNN model was effective in distinguishing PDAC lesions prone to non-diagnostic EUS-FNA (Development cohort: AUC = 0.821, 95% CI: 0.742–0.900; Validation cohort: AUC = 0.745, 95% CI: 0.534–0.956). In all cohorts, the DNN model showed better utility than the logistic model based on traditional lesion characteristics with NRI >0 (p < 0.05). And, the DNN model had net benefits of 21.6% at the risk threshold of 0.60 in the validation cohort. As for the model explainability, gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features contributed the most averagely and the first-order features were the most important in the sum attribution.

Conclusion:

The CT radiomics-based DNN model can be a useful auxiliary tool for distinguishing the pancreatic lesions prone to nondiagnostic EUS-FNA and provide alerts for endoscopists preoperatively to reduce unnecessary EUS-FNA.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first investigation into the utility of CT radiomics-based machine learning in avoiding non-diagnostic EUS-FNA for patients with pancreatic masses and providing potential pre-operative assistance for endoscopists.
Clinical Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Combined with Pinaverium Bromide Tablets on Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Liu Quanxi , Zhu Yan , Wang Wei , Dong Yongli
Published: May 2023

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets in admitted patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 60 patients with IBS admitted to Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between June 2021 and June 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with pinaverium bromide tablets, and those in the observation group were treated with cognitive behavior therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets. The improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life before and after treatment was compared for the two groups, IBS-SSS scale and IBS-QOL scale were used to compare the improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. SAS score and SDS score were used to evaluate the psychology of the two groups. Adverse reactions occurring during the treatment were recorded, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache, etc.

Results: The efficacy of the observation group was higher than that of the control group and the difference was significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the IBS-SSS score in the observation group and the control group decreased and the IBS-QOL score increased. The SDS score and SAS score in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P< 0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets is significantly effective in the treatment of patients with IBS, which can effectively relieve symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, and reduce irritable bowel reactions.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6994

How to cite this: Liu Q, Zhu Y, Wang W, Dong Y. Clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with pinaverium bromide tablets on irritable bowel syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6994

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Expression and clinical significance of NRLP1 in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction combined with malignant ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: Xie Sixin , Jiang Huiqiong , Gao Zilin , Lin Yongjun , Hong Najiao
Published: May 2023

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of NRLP1 expression in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) combined with arrhythmia.

Methods: We enrolled 231 patients with STEMI in the first hospital of Guangzhou affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020 to the observational group and 230 healthy individuals as the control group. We divided patients with STEMI into a malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) group (n=36) and non-MVA(NMVA) group (n=195) depending on whether the individuals had experienced an episode of MVA within 48 hours after PCI. We recorded general variables such as age, gender, history of smoking, hypertension, of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Gensini score, and mortality. Moreover, we determined NLRP1, IL-1β, TNF-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), cardiac troponin-1 (cTnI), and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) in peripheral blood by ELISA.

Results: We found significant differences in LVEF, Gensini scores, smoking history, and mortality between the MVA and NMVA groups. The mean NLRP1 expression was highest in the MVA group, which was positively correlated with the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, hs-CRP, NT-pro-BNP, cTnI and CK-MB. The expression of NLRP1 was associated with the smoking history, the LVEF value, the Gensini score, the MVA incidence and the mortality. Patients with higher NLRP1 expression levels had a higher MACE incidence and worse overall survivals within one year.

Conclusion: The NLRP1 pathway is associated with the presence of arrhythmias after PCI treatments, and the NLRP1 expression level may be useful as a predictor of arrhythmia in patients with STEMI.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7324

How to cite this: Xie S, Jiang H, Gao Z, Lin Y, Hong N. Expression and clinical significance of NRLP1 in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction combined with malignant ventricular arrhythmia. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7324

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The proliferation and angiogenesis in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells is affected by STC2 medicated VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS pathway
Authors: Ren Shanshan , Yang Yuchang
Published: May 2023

Objective: Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), a secreted glycoprotein that is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, was proposed as one of the mechanisms of neovascularization in hemangioma (HA). We aimed to investigate the effect of STC2 on proliferation and angiogenesis in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells.

Methods: The hemangioma samples from HA patients with the median age of six months were surgically collected in the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from October 2019 to June 2021, and divided into normal skin tissues (n=10), involuting-phase HAs (n=10) and proliferating-phase HAs (n=10) according to the Mulliken classification. The expression of STC2 was detected in involuting-phase HAs and proliferating-phase HAs. Hemangioma endothelial cells (HemEC) were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for STC2, and cell survival and tube formation were analyzed.

Results: STC2 expression in proliferating-phase HAs was markedly higher than in the normal skin tissues and involving-phase HAs. Similarly, STC2 expression was higher in HemEC compared to the control human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Knockdown of STC2 slowed the proliferation of HemEC and decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in HemEC. Moreover, knockdown of STC2 in HemEC inhibited vascular endothelial cell angiogenesis and regulated the expression and phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Mechanistically, STC2 knockdown attenuated the activation of Akt/eNOS signaling, which was abolished by insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the activator of Akt signaling, accompanying by increased proliferation and tube formation of HemEC.

Conclusion: Inhibition of STC2 suppresses HemEC proliferation and angiogenesis by VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS pathway, which warrants further development of STC2-based strategies for HA treatment.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7384

How to cite this: Ren S, Yang Y. The proliferation and angiogenesis in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells is affected by STC2 medicated VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS pathway. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7384

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease treatment with Single-center experience in Pakistan
Authors: Kalhoro Aurangzeb , Hashim Abdul Sattar M
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and accuracy of deep brain stimulation in Parkinsonian Disease (PD).

Methods: This study was a descriptive prospective study, and patients were treated at Neurospinal and Cancer Care Institute Karachi, from February 1, 2016, to June 30, 2020. We had 21 cases of parkinsonian disease. Inclusion criteria was Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, marked motor fluctuations against the response to dopaminergic therapy, UPDRS-III scores, which is 30 or higher, with a duration of disease of five years or longer, developing dyskinesia while the exclusion criteria was patient with known comorbid or active psychiatric disease

Results: Mean age of patient was 64 years. The standard deviation was 1.11697. The male patients’ mean, median and mode had a standard deviation of 0.3. For the duration of disease, the mean was 1.4, the median 1 (5-6 years) and mode one. The standard deviation was 0.51177. The primary symptoms’ mean was 2.2857, the median was 2.0, and the mode was two (tremor). The mean on medication (age) was 2 (45-49), and the median and mode were the same.

Conclusion: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment option for a carefully selected patient. DBS improves tremors, dyskinesias, rigidity, motor fluctuations and bradykinesia. DBS is unlikely to benefit Autonomic dysfunction, cognitive disorders, hypophonia, and postural instability. Although it is an expensive treatment compared to lesioning or gamma knife, it is reversible.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7680

How to cite this: Kalhoro A, Hashim ASM. Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease treatment with Single-center experience in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7680

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of college students in disposing used masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: Inovasanti Avicenna , Susanna Dewi , Poddar Sandeep , Hermawati Ema , Kusuma Aria
Published: May 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for and production of masks. This creates a problem, namely the generation of mask waste which ends up in the environment without being managed. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and sociodemographic factors with college student behaviours in managing household mask waste in Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta Province.

Methods: This study used a quantitative approach and cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire consisting of the respondents' sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours.

Results: The majority of students had high knowledge (63.3%), positive attitudes (52.5%), and good behaviours (50.6%). Statistically, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and behaviours (p-value = 0.022), but there was no significant relationship between attitudes and behaviours (p-value = 0.269). In addition, the sociodemographic factor variables showed a significant relationship between place of residence and behaviours (p-value = 0.008). However, there was no significant relationship between age, gender, education, and study program groups and behaviours (p value> 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that living with family was a dominant factor for bad behaviours (OR 1.664, 95% CI=1.124-2.464), and the second risk factor was the low level of knowledge has a significant relationship with the behaviours of mask waste management at home (OR=1.559, 95% CI=1.044-2.330).

Conclusions: Students who live alone show better behaviour compared to students who live with their families. The place of residence variable has the greatest influence on the behaviour of mask waste management at the household, followed by the knowledge variable.
Exercises on a balancе cushion to influence of lumbar vertebral syndrome
Authors: Zlatkova Krasimira , Zlatkov Yuliyan
Published: May 2023

Background: The pain in the lumbar region is common. One of the causes of low back pain is lumbar vertebral syndrome. There is a wide range of options for treating low back pain. The purpose of the study is to describe exercises on a balance cushion to influence the pain in lumbar vertebral syndrome and to track the effect of their application.

Methods: We studied 20 participants with low back pain. We applied the following tests to the patients: visual analogue scale, Schober test, measurement of lateral flexion and Straight leg raise test. The methodology includes exercises on a balance cushion. We performed manual manipulation techniques on each patient by treating trigger points in the lower back and buttocks once a week.

Results: We achieved an improvement in the studied indicators after the applied therapy, which was expressed in a reduction of pain and restoration of normal mobility in the lumbar region.

Conclusions: The application of exercises on a balance cushion allows in a short time to affect the pain and mobility in the lumbar spine to fully perform their work and professional activities.
LEGAL REGULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE EMPLOYER FOR NON-PAYMENT OF WAGES
Authors: Makarov Egor V. , Habibova Luiza Dantesovna , Bikkinin Irek A.
Published: May 2023

In the presented work, a special problem of responsibility for the violation of one of the parties to the employment relationship, namely by the employer, of its obligations is considered: the issue of non-payment of wages by the employer to the employee and its regulation by law enforcement legislation. The authors set a goal to get a general idea of the adjacent border between labor and criminal law on the subject of violation of the employee’s right to remuneration for the work he has invested. Wages are the subject of labor relations, which are regulated by the branch of labor law. A person guilty of violating labor legislation is brought to disciplinary, material, civil, administrative and criminal liability. It is here that the bridge we need is located, connecting labor law itself and other areas of law. The authors draw their conclusions based on the analysis of the system of public law norms of the designated branches of legislation and the practice of their application.
SEPARATE ASPECTS OF THE CONTENT AND CONCLUSION OF CONTRACTS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF SURVEYING WORKS
Authors: Berezina Yuliya P.
Published: May 2023

Contracts of the performance of surveying works (provision of services) are concluded by subsoil users in the process of mining. The contract under study is a civil law nature, despite the fact that the results of contract work and services rendered are used in the public sphere. The quality of surveying work performance affects the safety of mining operations and the financial result of the subsoil user-customer.

Based on the analysis of the practice of concluding contracts and their content, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to fix the requirements for technical conditions and regulations for the performance of surveying works (services) by the contractor (performer) as essential terms of the contract. The article is not only of scientific interest, but also has practical significance for the participants in contractual and claim work.
LEGAL REGULATION OF MEASURES OF STATE SUPPORT IN THE PROCESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NORTHERN DELIVERY
Authors: Goncharuk, Galina V.
Published: May 2023

The relevance of the issue investigated in the article lies in the need to provide state support measures for the implementation of northern delivery measures to the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the preservation of human capital here.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for state participation in the process of northern delivery and to propose a number of changes to the legislation of the Russian Federation, based on the analysis of the legal regulation of measures of state financial support for the implementation of the northern delivery. On the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the study presents a general characteristic of the measures of state financial support for the activities of the northern delivery and their regulatory and legal regulation, an analysis of the actual financial assistance provided to a number of organizations participating in the delivery.

In the final part of the article, the author comes to the conclusion about the exclusive role of the state in financing the processes of northern delivery to the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, proposes to make a number of changes to the budget legislation of Russia.
STUDY OF JUDICIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Bolshakova Valentina M.
Published: May 2023

The paper examines judicial transformations as a subject of knowledge in modern post-non-classical science. The increased attention of researchers to the study of the dynamics of the existence of the judicial system, the features of its hierarchical structure and functioning is traditionally popular for theoretical and applied legal work. In modern times, the judicial system operates in the conditions of modernization of various spheres of public life, the growth of social threats and political contradictions, the instability of the financial and economic situation and the need to staff the positions of judges with qualified and experienced personnel. Solving the problems of improving judicial activity is possible by overcoming the negative impact of these factors, which will ensure the qualitative development of the domestic judiciary. The main scientific results of the work include the fact that it summarizes the ideas about judicial transformations in the judiciary and judicial sphere. The materials of the study and the main conclusions are addressed to persons conducting scientific research on the problems of the judiciary and legal proceedings.
THE HISTORICAL PATH OF FORENSIC MEDICINE: FROM LAW TO MEDICINE, FROM MEDICINE TO HIGH TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Levina Irina L. , Korol Leonid N.
Published: May 2023

In the structure of the discipline (module) “Forensic Medicine and forensic psychiatry” for students majoring in 40.05.02 – law enforcement, very little time is devoted to the history of forensic medicine, which at all stages of its development is closely connected with the history of law and the development of the world judicial and legal system. Forensic medicine originated, developed and took shape in the process of administrative and judicial practice involving competent persons in the investigation and consideration of criminal and civil cases to clarify issues requiring special medical knowledge. The purpose of the work is to show the origins and historical stages of the development of forensic medicine in accordance with the formation of the state legal system in the world and in our country. The paper presents the origins of forensic science, the main stages of its formation and shows the prospects for further development. Traditions and modern development of world forensic medicine are closely connected with the development of law and the world state-legal system. Knowledge of the stages of the formation of forensic medicine allows you to better understand the history of legal science, legal proceedings and public administration.
PROSPECTS FOR THE HEREDITARY FUND IN MODERN RUSSIAN LAW
Authors: Naumova Tatyana Y. , Bolshakova Valentina M. , Naumov Petr Y.
Published: May 2023

The hereditary fund is a new and not fully explored form of a legal entity. Having appeared in 2018 as a bright prospect of existence in the national legal field of trusts, the inheritance fund very quickly showed all its few pluses and numerous minuses, reflecting the haste of its introduction into the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. It is worth emphasizing that the development of national inheritance law is necessary. The desire to use foreign experience in this development is reasonable and justified. However, the blind copying of trust legislation, together with the use of an inappropriate form of a Russian legal entity, namely a «fund» became a determining factor for turning a promising civil law institution into a non-working mechanism. The hereditary fund, having become the fundamental and first personal fund in the Russian Federation, after a reasonable, but not eliminating all the shortcomings of the reform in July 2021 after the entry into force of the Federal Law of July 1, 2021 № 287 «third of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation» on March 1, 2022, is now more likely a sub-institution or one of the varieties of personal funds. This article provides a detailed analysis and a scientific and legal assessment of the existence of personal and hereditary funds. The author’s position is formulated on the reasonableness of using the term «fund» when introducing trust law into the national legal field. The author defines the prospects for the existence of hereditary funds, both formal legal and practical, and also formulates proposals for improving legislation in order to increase its prestige and the interest in it of owners of large capitals in Russia.
Acute appendicitis - One of the causes of peritonitis in newborn - A case report with literature review
Authors: Olszanicka Anna , Kołodziejczyk Kacper , Branewska Justyna , Ostrowska Barbara , Matysek Mikołaj , Imioło Jan , Maciąg Anna , Niemiec Rafał , Hop Izabela , Galas Adam
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION. Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in children however in newborn and infants it’s casuistics. It is also the most common surgical emergency in pregnancy. Right lower abdominal pain, abdominal stiffness, and periabdominal pain radiating to the right lower abdomen are the best signs to diagnose acute appendicitis in adults. Absence Or attenuation of intestinal murmurs, positive sternal muscle signs, positive blunt signs, and positive Rovsing's Sign are the most reliable signs for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. PURPOSE. The aim of the study is to show diagnostic difficulties of acute appendicitis in newborns and infants. It is one of the main differential diagnoses of unclear abdominal conditions. The smaller the child, the less characteristic the symptoms. A CASE REPORT. The study analyzes a male newborn born in the 37th week of pregnancy by caesarean section. Prenatal and family history of siblings' illnesses. In whom, on the 11th day of life, symptoms of food intolerance were found, green deposits were noticed in the stomach probe, and the presence of blood in the stool. Intraoperatively, gangrenous perforated appendix with diffuse peritonitis was found.Acute appendicitis is rarely considered in newborns and infants as the etiological factor of acute peritonitis. However, the presented patient with a genetic defect.CONCLUSION. Acute appendicitis is a common phenomenon in childhood, but this diagnosis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in the neonatal period, is more common in premature babies. The clinical picture of neonatal acute appendicitis is unspecific and may lead to delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis, which is a much more common condition in the neonatal period. We would like to present the diagnostic difficulties, course of treatment, and complications associated with neonatal appendicitis.
Utility Preference Robust Optimization with Moment-Type Information Structure
Authors: Guo Shaoyan , Xu Huifu , Zhang Sainan
Published: May 2023

Utility Preference Robust Optimization with Moment-Type Information Structure

In some decision-making problems, information on the true utility function of the decision maker may be incomplete, which may bring potential modeling risk. In “Utility Preference Robust Optimization with Moment-Type Information Structure,” Guo, Xu, and Zhang propose a maximin utility preference robust optimization model where information about the DM’s preference is constructed by moment-type conditions. The authors propose a piecewise linear approximation approach to tackle the maximin problem, reformulate the approximate problem as a single mixed integer linear program, and derive error bounds for the approximate ambiguity set, the optimal value, and the optimal solutions. To examine the performance of the model and the computational schemes, they carry out extensive numerical tests and demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and efficiency of the computational methods.
Common Waters: Japan, South Korea, and Maritime Security Assistance in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ashley Ryan , Fraser Jada
Published: May 2023

executive summary: This article proposes that Southeast Asia is an ideal space for cooperation between Japan and South Korea, given that both countries share strategic priorities in the region. main argumentAlthough Japan and South Korea's bilateral ties are typically defined by long-standing issues over historical issues and territorial disputes, each country shares a wide set of geopolitical interests, leading to an "Asian paradox" of mismatched priorities. This paradox is clearly visible in Southeast Asia. While Tokyo's strategic ties with the subregion, often via the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), are deeper and predate Seoul's, South Korea is increasingly expanding its own relations with the region alongside its growing security outreach across the Asia-Pacific. As a result, Japan's and South Korea's interests and activities are meeting in strategic spaces in Southeast Asia, such as the South China Sea and the Mekong River basin. Despite sharing common goals in these spaces, so far Seoul and Tokyo have not collaborated in their efforts. While many hurdles still limit direct security cooperation between Japan and South Korea, even indirect cooperation in shared strategic spaces in Southeast Asia could provide both countries an opportunity to build trust and provide security benefits to countries in Southeast Asia. policy implications• The U.S. can incentivize Japan–South Korea cooperation in Southeast Asia through the Quad Plus framework. • Expanding the General Security of Military Information Agreement between Japan and South Korea could be a method of increasing their cooperation in Southeast Asia. • To achieve greater cooperation toward these aims, the U.S. should support strategic latitude for Japan and South Korea in Southeast Asia.