bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Typhoon Structure Using 3-Dimensional Doppler Radar Radial Velocity Data with the Multigrid Analysis: A Case Study in an Idealized Simulation Context
Authors: Fu Hongli , Wu Xinrong , Li Wei , Xie Yuanfu , Han Guijun , Zhang Shaoqing
Published: June 2016

Extracting multiple-scale observational information is critical for accurately reconstructing the structure of mesoscale circulation systems such as typhoon. The Space and Time Mesoscale Analysis System (STMAS) with multigrid data assimilation developed in Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has addressed this issue. Previous studies have shown the capability of STMAS to retrieve multiscale information in 2-dimensional Doppler radar radial velocity observations. This study explores the application of 3-dimensional (3D) Doppler radar radial velocities with STMAS for reconstructing a 3D typhoon structure. As for the first step, here, we use an idealized simulation framework. A two-scale simulated “typhoon” field is constructed and referred to as “truth,” from which randomly distributed conventional wind data and 3D Doppler radar radial wind data are generated. These data are used to reconstruct the synthetic 3D “typhoon” structure by the STMAS and the traditional 3D variational (3D-Var) analysis. The degree by which the “truth” 3D typhoon structure is recovered is an assessment of the impact of the data type or analysis scheme being evaluated. We also examine the effects of weak constraint and strong constraint on STMAS analyses. Results show that while the STMAS is superior to the traditional 3D-Var for reconstructing the 3D typhoon structure, the strong constraint STMAS can produce better analyses on both horizontal and vertical velocities.
Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens and Their Susceptibility Isolated from Surgical Site Infections at Selected Referral Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie Walelign , Mulugeta Gebru , Fentaw Surafael , Mihret Amete , Hassen Mulu , Abebe Engida
Published: June 2016

Background. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens in hospitals is becoming a challenge for surgeons to treat hospital acquired infections.Objective. To determine bacterial pathogens and drug susceptibility isolated from surgical site infections at St. Paul Specialized Hospital Millennium Medical College and Yekatit 12 Referral Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 on 107 surgical site infected patients. Wound specimens were collected using sterile cotton swab and processed as per standard operative procedures in appropriate culture media; and susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20.Result. From a total of 107 swabs collected, 90 (84.1%) were culture positive and 104 organisms were isolated.E. coli(24 (23.1%)) was the most common organism isolated followed by multidrug resistantAcinetobacterspecies (23 (22.1%)). More than 58 (75%) of the Gram negative isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (resistance ≥ 5 drugs). Pan-antibiotic resistance was noted among 8 (34.8%)Acinetobacterspecies and 3 (12.5%)E. coli. This calls for abstinence from antibiotic abuse.Conclusion. Gram negative bacteria were the most important isolates accounting for 76 (73.1%). Ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, cephazoline, and tetracycline showed resistance while gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were relatively effective antimicrobials.
Single-Lung Transplant Results in Position Dependent Changes in Regional Ventilation: An Observational Case Series Using Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Ramanathan Kollengode , Mohammed Hend , Hopkins Peter , Corley Amanda , Caruana Lawrence , Dunster Kimble , Barnett Adrian G. , Fraser John F.
Published: June 2016

Background. Lung transplantation is the optimal treatment for end stage lung disease. Donor shortage necessitates single-lung transplants (SLT), yet minimal data exists regarding regional ventilation in diseased versus transplanted lung measured by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT).Method. We aimed to determine regional ventilation in six SLT outpatients using EIT. We assessed end expiratory volume and tidal volumes. End expiratory lung impedance (EELI) and Global Tidal Variation of Impedance were assessed in supine, right lateral, left lateral, sitting, and standing positions in transplanted and diseased lungs. A mixed model with random intercept per subject was used for statistical analysis.Results. EELI was significantly altered between diseased and transplanted lungs whilst lying on right and left side. One patient demonstrated pendelluft between lungs and was therefore excluded for further comparison of tidal variation. Tidal variation was significantly higher in the transplanted lung for the remaining five patients in all positions, except when lying on the right side.Conclusion. Ventilation to transplanted lung is better than diseased lung, especially in lateral positions. Positioning in patients with active unilateral lung pathologies will be implicated. This is the first study demonstrating changes in regional ventilation, associated with changes of position between transplanted and diseased lung.
Time-Independent Reliability Analysis of Bridge System Based on Mixed Copula Models
Authors: Liu Yuefei , Fan Xueping
Published: June 2016

The actual structural systems have many failure modes. Due to the same random sources owned by the performance functions of these failure modes, there usually exist some nonlinear correlations between the various failure modes. How to handle the nonlinear correlations is one of the main scientific problems in the field of structural system reliability. In this paper, for the two-component systems and multiple-component systems with multiple failure modes, the mixed copula models for time-independent reliability analysis of series systems, parallel systems, series-parallel systems, and parallel-series systems are presented. These obtained mixed copula models, considering the nonlinear correlation between failure modes, are obtained with the chosen optimal copula functions with the Bayesian selection criteria and Monte Carlo Sampling (MCS) method. And a numerical example is provided to illustrate the feasibility and application of the built mixed models for structural system reliability.
Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality for Patients with Acute Leukemia Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kraguljac Alan P. , Croucher Danielle , Christian Michael , Ibrahimova Narmin , Kumar Vikram , Jacob Gabriella , Kiss Alex , Minden Mark D. , Mehta Sangeeta
Published: June 2016

Purpose. The objectives were to describe the management and outcomes of acute leukemia (AL) patients admitted to the ICU and to identify predictors of ICU mortality.Methods. Data was retrospectively collected from the medical records of all patients with AML or ALL admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital ICU from August 2009 to December 2012.Results. 151 AL patients (117 AML, 34 ALL) were admitted to the ICU. Mean age was 54 (SD 15) years, median APACHE II score was 27 (IQR 22–33), and 50% were female. While in ICU, 128 (85%) patients had sepsis and 56 (37%) had ARDS. The majority of patients required invasive organ support: 94 (62%) required mechanical ventilation while 23 (15%) received renal replacement therapy. Multivariable analysis identified SOFA score (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.38) and invasive ventilation (OR 9.64, 95% CI 3.39–27.4) as independent predictors of ICU mortality. Ninety-four (62%) patients survived to ICU discharge. Only 39% of these 94 patients discharged were alive 12 months after ICU admission.Conclusions. AL patients admitted to the ICU had a 62% ICU survival rate; yet only 25% of cohort patients were alive 12 months after ICU admission. Higher admission SOFA scores and invasive ventilation are independently associated with a greater risk of dying in the ICU.
Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based, Self-Management Tool for People Recently Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Booth Alison O. , Lowis Carole , Hunter Steven J. , Dean Moira , Cardwell Chris R. , McKinley Michelle C.
Published: June 2016

Aim. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a computer-based, dietary, and physical activity self-management program for people recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Methods. The computer-based program was developed in conjunction with the target group and evaluated in a 12-week randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants were randomised to the intervention (computer-program) or control group (usual care). Primary outcomes were diabetes knowledge and goal setting (ADKnowl questionnaire, Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire (DOQ)) measured at baseline and week 12. User feedback on the program was obtained via a questionnaire and focus groups.Results. Seventy participants completed the 12-week RCT (32 intervention, 38 control, mean age 59 (SD) years). After completion there was a significant between-group difference in the “knowledge and beliefs scale” of the DOQ. Two-thirds of the intervention group rated the program as either good or very good, 92% would recommend the program to others, and 96% agreed that the information within the program was clear and easy to understand.Conclusions. The computer-program resulted in a small but statistically significant improvement in diet-related knowledge and user satisfaction was high. With some further development, this computer-based educational tool may be a useful adjunct to diabetes self-management. This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov NCT numberNCT00877851.
A Run-Length Encoding Approach for Path Analysis ofC. elegansSearch Behavior
Authors: Huang Li , Kim Hongkyun , Furst Jacob , Raicu Daniela
Published: June 2016

The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansexplores the environment using a combination of different movement patterns, which include straight movement, reversal, and turns. We propose to quantifyC. elegansmovement behavior using a computer vision approach based on run-length encoding of step-length data. In this approach, the path ofC. elegansis encoded as a string of characters, where each character represents a path segment of a specific type of movement. With these encoded string data, we performk-means cluster analysis to distinguish movement behaviors resulting from different genotypes and food availability. We found that shallow and sharp turns are the most critical factors in distinguishing the differences among the movement behaviors. To validate our approach, we examined the movement behavior oftph-1mutants that lack an enzyme responsible for serotonin biosynthesis. Ak-means cluster analysis with the path string-encoded data showed thattph-1movement behavior on food is similar to that of wild-type animals off food. We suggest that this run-length encoding approach is applicable to trajectory data in animal or human mobility data.
[Retracted] Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense)
Authors: Chen Yong-Feng , Jiang Wen-wen , Zhang Shi-qi , Kan Jian-quan , Liang Yong
Published: June 2016

As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. One new water‐soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST‐W with the yield of 0.41%) from Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. The characterizations of PST‐W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. The monosaccharide compositions of PST‐W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D‐glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α‐D‐Glcp (1 → 6)  α‐D‐Glcp (1→]n by methylation analysis and NMR. In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST‐W > crude polysaccharides‐3 > crude polysaccharides‐2 > crude polysaccharides‐1. All of PST‐W, crude polysaccharides‐2, and crude polysaccharides‐3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50 of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. However, clearing abilities of PST‐W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree.
Factors Affecting Microbial Load and Profile of Potential Pathogens and Food Spoilage Bacteria from Household Kitchen Tables
Authors: Biranjia-Hurdoyal Susheela , Latouche Melissa Cathleen
Published: June 2016

The aim was to study the bacterial load and isolate potential pathogens and food spoilage bacteria from kitchen tables, including preparation tables and dining tables.Methods. A total of 53 households gave their consent for participation. The samples were collected by swabbing over an area of 5 cm by 5 cm of the tables and processed for bacterial count which was read as colony forming units (CFU), followed by isolation and identification of potential pathogens and food spoilage bacteria.Result. Knowledge about hygiene was not always put into practice. Coliforms,Enterococcusspp.,Pseudomonasspp.,Proteusspp., andS. aureuswere detected from both dining and preparation tables. The mean CFU and presence of potential pathogens were significantly affected by the hygienic practices of the main food handler of the house, materials of kitchen tables, use of plastic covers, time of sample collection, use of multipurpose sponges/towels for cleaning, and the use of preparation tables as chopping boards (p<0.05).Conclusion. Kitchen tables could be very important source of potential pathogens and food spoilage bacteria causing foodborne diseases. Lack of hygiene was confirmed by presence of coliforms,S. aureus,andEnterococcusspp. The use of plastic covers, multipurpose sponges, and towels should be discouraged.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contribute to Chondrogenesis in Coculture with Chondrocytes
Authors: Li Xingfu , Duan Li , Liang Yujie , Zhu Weimin , Xiong Jianyi , Wang Daping
Published: June 2016

Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have been shown as the most potential stem cell source for articular cartilage repair. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for long-term coculture of human articular chondrocytes (hACs) and hUCB-MSCs at low density in vitro to determine if the low density of hACs could enhance the hUCB-MSC chondrogenic differentiation as well as to determine the optimal ratio of the two cell types. Also, we compared the difference between direct coculture and indirect coculture at low density. Monolayer cultures of hUCB-MSCs and hACs were investigated at different ratios, at direct cell-cell contact groups for 21 days. Compared to direct coculture, hUCB-MSCs and hACs indirect contact culture significantly increased type II collagen (COL2) and decreased type I collagen (COL1) protein expression levels. SRY-box 9 (SOX9) mRNA levels and protein expression were highest in indirect coculture. Overall, these results indicate that low density direct coculture induces fibrocartilage. However, indirect coculture in conditioned chondrocyte cell culture medium can increase expression of chondrogenic markers and induce hUCB-MSCs differentiation into mature chondrocytes. This work demonstrates that it is possible to promote chondrogenesis of hUCB-MSCs in combination with hACs, further supporting the concept of novel coculture strategies for tissue engineering.
Waste Composite Sensor Designed by Cellulose and Activated Carbon as Ethylene Absorber
Authors: Ummartyotin S. , Pechyen C.
Published: June 2016

Activated carbon was successfully derived from scrap tile waste from thermochemical conversion. Chemical and physical modifications were therefore employed to modify the specific surface area and porosity of activated carbon. Cellulose was successfully extracted from palm front. Designation of waste composite was prepared by cellulose and activated carbon. Less than 30 wt% of activated carbon was integrated into cellulose sheet matrix. It was important to note that there is no change in mechanical and morphological properties. Small amount of activated carbon was well dispersed. In order to investigate the feasibility of composite as active packaging, oxygen permeation rate and ethylene gas adsorption ability were preliminary investigated.
Four-Strand Core Suture Improves Flexor Tendon Repair Compared to Two-Strand Technique in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Wichelhaus Alice , Beyersdoerfer Sascha Tobias , Vollmar Brigitte , Mittlmeier Thomas , Gierer Philip
Published: June 2016

Introduction. This study was designed to investigate the influence of the amount of suture material on the formation of peritendinous adhesions of intrasynovial flexor tendon repairs.Materials and Methods. In 14 rabbits, the flexor tendons of the third and the fourth digit of the right hind leg were cut and repaired using a 2- or 4-strand core suture technique. The repaired tendons were harvested after three and eight weeks. The range of motion of the affected toes was measured and the tendons were processed histologically. The distance between the transected tendon ends, the changes in the peritendinous space, and cellular and extracellular inflammatory reaction were quantified by different staining.Results. A 4-strand core suture resulted in significantly less gap formation. The 2-strand core suture showed a tendency to less adhesion formation. Doubling of the intratendinous suture material was accompanied by an initial increase in leukocyte infiltration and showed a greater amount of formation of myofibroblasts. From the third to the eighth week after flexor tendon repair, both the cellular and the extracellular inflammation decreased significantly.Conclusion. A 4-strand core suture repair leads to a significantly better tendon healing process with less diastasis between the sutured tendon ends despite initially pronounced inflammatory response.
A Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals a Group of MocR Bacterial Transcriptional Regulators Linked to a Family of Genes Coding for Membrane Proteins
Authors: Milano Teresa , Angelaccio Sebastiana , Tramonti Angela , Di Salvo Martino Luigi , Contestabile Roberto , Pascarella Stefano
Published: June 2016

The MocR bacterial transcriptional regulators are characterized by an N-terminal domain, 60 residues long on average, possessing the winged-helix-turn-helix (wHTH) architecture responsible for DNA recognition and binding, linked to a large C-terminal domain (350 residues on average) that is homologous to fold type-I pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). These regulators are involved in the expression of genes taking part in several metabolic pathways directly or indirectly connected to PLP chemistry, many of which are still uncharacterized. A bioinformatics analysis is here reported that studied the features of a distinct group of MocR regulators predicted to be functionally linked to a family of homologous genes coding for integral membrane proteins of unknown function. This group occurs mainly in the Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria phyla. An analysis of the multiple sequence alignments of their wHTH and AAT domains suggested the presence of specificity-determining positions (SDPs). Mapping of SDPs onto a homology model of the AAT domain hinted at possible structural/functional roles in effector recognition. Likewise, SDPs in wHTH domain suggested the basis of specificity of Transcription Factor Binding Site recognition. The results reported represent a framework for rational design of experiments and for bioinformatics analysis of other MocR subgroups.
Variant PTA Terminating in Cerebellar Artery, Associated with Multiple Aneurysms
Authors: Hwang Yeong Uk , Kim Jin Woo
Published: June 2016

Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is one of the remnant fetal anastomoses between the carotid artery and basilar artery. PTAs are classified according to angiographic appearance and various connection. Among them, those directly terminating in the cerebellar arteries are rare subtype. In addition, aneurysms of the PTA are unusual in the literature and have not previously accompanied this subtype of PTA connecting cerebellar artery. We present the first case of an aneurysm of the PTA which is directly terminating in the cerebellar arteries and combined with multiple aneurysms.
Laboratory Prototype of Bioreactor for Oxidation of Toxic D-Lactate Using Yeast Cells Overproducing D-Lactate CytochromecOxidoreductase
Authors: Karkovska Maria , Smutok Oleh , Gonchar Mykhailo
Published: June 2016

D-lactate is a natural component of many fermented foods like yogurts, sour milk, cheeses, and pickles vegetable products. D-lactate in high concentrations is toxic for children and people with short bowel syndrome and provokes encephalopathy. These facts convincingly demonstrate a need for effective tools for the D-lactate removal from some food products. The main idea of investigation is focused on application of recombinant thermotolerant methylotrophic yeastHansenula polymorpha“tr6,” overproducing D-lactate: cytochromecoxidoreductase (EC 1.1.2.4, D-lactate cytochromecoxidoreductase, D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome), DLDH). In addition to 6-fold overexpression of DLDH under a strong constitutive promoter (prAOX), the strain ofH. polymorpha“tr6” (gcr1 catX/Δcyb2,prAOX_DLDH) is characterized by impairment in glucose repression of AOX promoter, devoid of catalase and L-lactate-cytochromecoxidoreductase activities. Overexpression of DLDH coupling with the deletion of L-lactate-cytochromecoxidoreductase activity opens possibility for usage of the strain as a base for construction of bioreactor for removing D-lactate from fermented products due to oxidation to nontoxic pyruvate. A laboratory prototype of column-type bioreactor for removing a toxic D-lactate from model solution based on permeabilized cells of theH. polymorpha“tr6” and alginate gel was constructed and efficiency of this process was tested.
An Alternative Stiffening Method for Rigid CHS L-Joints
Authors: Holmes Niall , Kierans Darran , Crean Patrick
Published: June 2016

The paper presents a new method of stiffening CHS L-joints and compares it against current stiffened and unstiffened moment connections. The method is derived from studying the failure modes of existing methods, typically local buckling and ovalisation of the section. Unstiffened right-angled CHS connections have been shown to be weak due to local buckling and ovalisation. Stiffing plates placed across the joint can increase the moment capacity of the section by preventing ovalisation of the section but is architecturally unsightly. An alternative approach, where a stiffening plate welded vertically inside both the column and beam, outperformed the unstiffened frame plate in terms of reduced ovalisation and increased load capacity. It was also found to perform better than the stiffened connection in terms of both vertical and horizontal deflection. However, more research is required to ensure a fully restrained connection to satisfy codes of practice and constructible.
Elevated Plasma Level of Interferon-λ1 in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Upregulated Expression in CD8+and Epithelial Cells and Induction of Inflammatory Cell Accumulation
Authors: Wang S. F. , Gao X. Q. , Xu Y. N. , Li D. N. , Wang H. Y. , He S. H.
Published: June 2016

Interferon- (IFN-)λ1 is regarded as a potent bio-active molecule in innate immunity. However, little is known about its role in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). We therefore investigated expression of IFN-λ1 in CSU, its cellular location, and its influence on inflammatory cell accumulation by using flow cytometry analysis, skin tissue dispersion, immunohistochemical stain, and a mouse peritoneal inflammation model. The results showed that level of IFN-λ1 was 2.0-fold higher in plasma of the patients with CSU than the level in healthy control (HC) subjects. Among leukocytes examined, only CD8+T cells expressed more IFN-λ1 in CSU blood. Double labeling immunohistochemical staining revealed that IFN-λ1+inflammatory cells such as mast cells, eosinophils, B cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were mainly located in dermis, whereas epidermis tissue highly expressed IFN-λ1. IFN-λ1 induced a dose-dependent increase in number of eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in the peritoneum of mice at 6 h following injection, which was inhibited by pretreatment of the animals with anti-intercellular adhesion molecule- (ICAM-) 1 and/or anti-L-selectin antibodies. In conclusion, IFN-λ1 is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of CSU. Blocking IFN-λ1 production may help to reduce the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the involved CSU skin.
Pharmacological Inactivation of Src Family Kinases Inhibits LPS-Induced TNF-αProduction in PBMC of Patients with Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Irtegun Sevgi , Pektanc Gulsum , Akkurt Zeynep M. , Bozkurt Mehtap , Turkcu Fatih M. , Kalkanli-Tas Sevgi
Published: June 2016

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by relapsing oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. The pathogenesis of BD is still unknown. Aberrant production of some cytokines/chemokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Revealing a key signaling regulatory mechanism involved in proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines production is critical for understanding of the pathogenesis of BD. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Src family kinases (SFKs) in production of some LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of active BD patients. Chemical inhibition of SFKs activity impaired LPS-induced TNF-αproduction in PBMC of active BD patients, suggesting that modulating SFKs activity may be a potential target for BD treatment.
Neoatherosclerosis after Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation: Roles and Mechanisms
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Liu Yue , Zhao Fuhai , Shi Dazhuo , Chen Keji
Published: June 2016

In‐stent neoatherosclerosis (NA), characterized by a relatively thin fibrous cap and large volume of yellow‐lipid accumulation after drug‐eluting stents (DES) implantation, has attracted much attention owing to its close relationship with late complications, such as revascularization and late stent thrombosis (ST). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that more than one‐third of patients with first‐generation DES present with NA. Even in the advent of second‐generation DES, NA still occurs. It is indicated that endothelial dysfunction induced by DES plays a critical role in neoatherosclerotic development. Upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by DES implantation significantly affects endothelial cells healing and functioning, therefore rendering NA formation. In light of the role of ROS in suppression of endothelial healing, combining antioxidant therapies with stenting technology may facilitate reestablishing a functioning endothelium to improve clinical outcome for patients with stenting.
HDAC Inhibition Modulates Cardiac PPARs and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lee Ting-I , Kao Yu-Hsun , Tsai Wen-Chin , Chung Cheng-Chih , Chen Yao-Chang , Chen Yi-Jen
Published: June 2016

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate cardiac glucose and lipid homeostasis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has anti-inflammatory effects which may play a key role in modulating PPARs and fatty acid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HDAC inhibitor, MPT0E014, can modulate myocardial PPARs, inflammation, and fatty acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus (DM) cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, and western blotting were used to evaluate the electrophysiological activity, cardiac structure, fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and PPAR isoform expressions in the control and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced DM rats with or without MPT0E014. Compared to control, DM and MPT0E014-treated DM rats had elevated blood glucose levels and lower body weights. However, MPT0E014-treated DM and control rats had smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and shorter QT interval than DM rats. The control and MPT0E014-treated DM rats had greater cardiac PPAR-αand PPAR-δprotein expressions, but less cardiac PPAR-γthan DM rats. Moreover, control and MPT0E014-treated DM rats had lower concentrations of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase 2α, PPAR-γcoactivator 1α, phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase, cluster of differentiation 36, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), DGAT2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 protein than DM rats. HDAC inhibition significantly attenuated DM cardiomyopathy through modulation of cardiac PPARS, fatty acid metabolism, and proinflammatory cytokines.
Overexpression of Notch3 and pS6 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Human Ovarian Epithelial Cancer
Authors: Liu Zhaoxia , Yun Rongna , Yu Xiaolin , Hu Hui , Huang Genhua , Tan Buzhen , Chen Tingtao
Published: June 2016

Notch3 and pS6 play important roles in tumor angiogenesis. To assess the expression of Notch3 and pS6 in Chinese ovarian epithelial cancer patients, a ten-year follow-up study was performed in ovarian epithelial cancer tissues from 120 specimens of human ovarian epithelial cancer, 30 specimens from benign ovarian tumors, and 30 samples from healthy ovaries by immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the expression of Notch3 and pS6 was higher in ovarian epithelial cancer than in normal ovary tissues and in benign ovarian tumor tissues (p<0.01). In tumor tissues, Notch3 expression and pS6 expression were negatively associated with age (p>0.05) but positively associated with clinical stage, pathological grading, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, and ascites (p<0.05orp<0.01). A follow-up survey of 64 patients with ovarian epithelial cancer showed that patients with high Notch3 and pS6 expression had a shorter survival time (p<0.01), in which the clinical stage (p<0.05) and Notch3 expression (p<0.01) played important roles. In conclusion, Notch3 and pS6 are significantly related to ovarian epithelial cancer development and prognosis, and their combination represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in ovarian tumor angiogenesis.
Ubiquitous Robotic Technology for Smart Manufacturing System
Authors: Wang Wenshan , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Wang Liyu , Qiu Qiang , Cao Qixin
Published: June 2016

As the manufacturing tasks become more individualized and more flexible, the machines in smart factory are required to do variable tasks collaboratively without reprogramming. This paper for the first time discusses the similarity between smart manufacturing systems and the ubiquitous robotic systems and makes an effort on deploying ubiquitous robotic technology to the smart factory. Specifically, a component based framework is proposed in order to enable the communication and cooperation of the heterogeneous robotic devices. Further, compared to the service robotic domain, the smart manufacturing systems are often in larger size. So a hierarchical planning method was implemented to improve the planning efficiency. A test bed of smart factory is developed. It demonstrates that the proposed framework is suitable for industrial domain, and the hierarchical planning method is able to solve large problems intractable with flat methods.
A Note on the Adaptive Estimation of a Conditional Continuous-Discrete Multivariate Density by Wavelet Methods
Authors: Chesneau Christophe , Doosti Hassan
Published: June 2016

We investigate the estimation of a multivariate continuous-discrete conditional density. We develop an adaptive estimator based on wavelet methods. We prove its good theoretical performance by determining sharp rates of convergence under the Lp risk with p≥1 for a wide class of unknown conditional densities. A simulation study illustrates the good practical performance of our estimator.
Solving a Closed-Loop Location-Inventory-Routing Problem with Mixed Quality Defects Returns in E-Commerce by Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Deng Shuai , Li Yanhui , Guo Hao , Liu Bailing
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a closed-loop location-inventory-routing problem model considering both quality defect returns and nondefect returns in e-commerce supply chain system. The objective is to minimize the total cost produced in both forward and reverse logistics networks. We propose a combined optimization algorithm named hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm (HACO) to address this model that is an NP-hard problem. Our experimental results show that the proposed HACO is considerably efficient and effective in solving this model.
Strength and Deformability of Fiber Reinforced Cement Paste on the Basis of Basalt Fiber
Authors: Barabanshchikov Yury , Gutskalov Ilya
Published: June 2016

The research object of the paper is cement paste with the particulate reinforcement of basalt fiber. Regardless of fibers’ length at the same fiber cement mix workability and cement consumption equality compressive solidity of the specimens is reduced with increasing fiber content. This is due to the necessity to increase the water-cement ratio to obtain a given workability. The flexural stability of the specimens with increasing fiber content increments in the same conditions. There is an optimum value of the fibers’ dosage. That is why stability has a maximum when crooking. The basaltic fiber particulate reinforcement usage can abruptly increase the cement paste level limiting extensibility, which is extremely important in terms of crack resistance.
Iterative GA Optimization Scheme for Synthesis of Radiation Pattern of Linear Array Antenna
Authors: Todnatee Sarayoot , Phongcharoenpanich Chuwong
Published: June 2016

This research has proposed the iterative genetic algorithm (GA) optimization scheme to synthesize the radiation pattern of an aperiodic (nonuniform) linear array antenna. The aim of the iterative optimization is to achieve a radiation pattern with a side lobe level (SLL) of ≤−20 dB. In the optimization, the proposed scheme iteratively optimizes the array range (spacing) and the number of array elements, whereby the array element with the lowest absolute complex weight coefficient is first removed and then the second lowest and so on. The removal (the element reduction) is terminated once the SLL is greater than −20 dB (>−20 dB) and the elemental increment mechanism is triggered. The results indicate that the proposed iterative GA optimization scheme is applicable to the nonuniform linear array antenna and also is capable of synthesizing the radiation pattern with SLL ≤ −20 dB.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of an Oversteer In-Wheel Small Electric Vehicle Integrated with Four-Wheel Drive and Independent Steering
Authors: Ishak Muhammad Izhar , Ogino Hirohiko , Yamamoto Yoshio
Published: June 2016

Similar to conventional vehicle, most in-wheel small EVs that exist today are designed with understeer (US) characteristic. They are safer on the road but possess poor cornering performance. With recent in-wheel motor and steer-by wire technology, high cornering performance vehicle does not limit to sport or racing cars. We believe that oversteer (OS) design approach for in-wheel small EV can increase the steering performance of the vehicle. However, one disadvantage is that OS vehicle has a stability limit velocity. In this paper, we proposed a Four-Wheel Drive and Independent Steering (4WDIS) for in-wheel small EV with OS characteristic. The aim of implementing 4WDIS is to develop a high steer controllability and stability of the EV at any velocity. This paper analyses the performance of OS in-wheel small EV with 4WDIS by using numerical simulation. Two cornering conditions were simulated which are (1) steady-state cornering at below critical velocity and (2) steady-state cornering over critical velocity. The objective of the simulation is to understand the behavior of OS in-wheel small EV and the advantages of implementing the 4WDIS. The results show that an in-wheel small EV can achieve high cornering performance at low speed while maintaining stability at high speed.
In VivoAntiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract ofPiper guineenseLeaf Extract inAlbinoMice
Authors: Kabiru A. Y. , Ibikunle G. F. , Innalegwu D. A. , Bola B. M. , Madaki F. M.
Published: June 2016

Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract ofPiper guineensewas investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P<0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract ofPiper guineenseas an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.
Distributive Implications of Fertility Changes in Latin America
Authors: Badaracco Nicolás , Gasparini Leonardo , Marchionni Mariana
Published: June 2016

Fertility rates significantly fell over the last decades in Latin America. In order to assess the extent to which these changes contributed to the observed reduction in income poverty and inequality, we apply microeconometric decomposition to microdata from national household surveys from seven Latin American countries. We find that changes in fertility rates were associated with a nonnegligible reduction in inequality and poverty in the region. The main channel was straightforward: lower fertility implied smaller families and hence larger per capita incomes. Lower fertility also fostered labor force participation, especially among women, which contributed to the reduction of poverty and inequality in most countries, although the size of this effect was smaller.
Influence of Temperature on Typical Texture Distribution in Primary Recrystallization Matrix of 3% Si CGO Silicon Steel
Authors: Li Zhi-chao , Dang Ning , Mi Zhen-li
Published: June 2016

OM (optical microscopy) and EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) techniques were used to study microstructure and texture distribution during primary recrystallization under different intermediate annealing temperatures in CGO silicon steels. The effect of intermediate annealing temperature on texture distribution in 3% Si electrical steel was analyzed. The results indicate that the microstructure in primary recrystallization matrix of CGO silicon steel is comprised of equiaxed ferrite grains. Mean grain size of primary recrystallization increases with the rising of intermediate annealing temperature.γ-fiber texture is the dominant component in primary recrystallization matrix. With higher intermediate annealing temperature,111121texture and111110texture increase and111121texture is stronger than111110texture. Goss texture was observed to be decreased firstly and then increased. The content of high angle grain boundaries in primary recrystallization matrix are affected by intermediate annealing temperature. When intermediate annealing temperature is increased, high angle grain boundaries are increased firstly and then decreased. Misorientation distribution in primary recrystallized matrix is affected by primary recrystallization annealing temperature either. The content of high angle grain boundaries are increased owing to higher primary recrystallization annealing temperature, which can be a benefit to the abnormal growth of Goss grains in secondary recrystallization.
Application of Perturbation Theory to a Master Equation
Authors: Villegas-Martínez B. M. , Soto-Eguibar F. , Moya-Cessa H. M.
Published: June 2016

We develop a matrix perturbation method for the Lindblad master equation. The first- and second-order corrections are obtained and the method is generalized for higher orders. The perturbation method developed is applied to the problem of a lossy cavity filled with a Kerr medium; the second-order corrections are estimated and compared with the known exact analytic solution. The comparison is done by calculating theQ-function, the average number of photons, and the distance between density matrices.
Power Management Strategy by Enhancing the Mission Profile Configuration of Solar-Powered Aircraft
Authors: Rajendran Parvathy , Lim Kah Wee , Ong Kuan Theng
Published: June 2016

Solar energy offers solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) the possibility of unlimited endurance. Some researchers have developed techniques to achieve perpetual flight by maximizing the power from the sun and by flying in accordance with its azimuth angles. However, flying in a path that follows the sun consumes more energy to sustain level flight. This study optimizes the overall power ratio by adopting the mission profile configuration of optimal solar energy exploitation. Extensive simulation is conducted to optimize and restructure the mission profile phases of UAV and to determine the optimal phase definition of the start, ascent, and descent periods, thereby maximizing the energy from the sun. In addition, a vertical cylindrical flight trajectory instead of maximizing the solar inclination angle has been adopted. This approach improves the net power ratio by 30.84% compared with other techniques. As a result, the battery weight may be massively reduced by 75.23%. In conclusion, the proposed mission profile configuration with the optimal power ratio of the trajectory of the path planning effectively prolongs UAV operation.
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors forToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Healthy Blood Donors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Rascón-Careaga Antonio , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Corella-Madueño María Alba Guadalupe , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Aldana-Madrid María Lourdes , Velasquez-Vega Edgar , Quizán-Plata Trinidad , Navarro-Henze José Luis , Badell-Luzardo Joel Alberto , Gastélum-Cano José María , Liesenfeld Oliver
Published: June 2016

Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii) can be transmitted by blood transfusion. We determined the prevalence ofT.gondiiinfection in healthy blood donors in Hermosillo city, Mexico, and the association of infection withT.gondiiwith the sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of blood donors. Four hundred and eight blood donors who attended two public blood banks in Hermosillo city were examined for anti-T.gondiiIgG and IgM antibodies by using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Of the 408 blood donors (mean age31.77±9.52; range 18–60 years old) studied, 55 (13.5%) were positive for anti-T.gondiiIgG antibodies, and 12 (21.8%) of them were also positive for anti-T.gondiiIgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity toT.gondiiwas associated with age (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.03–2.94;P=0.03) and tobacco use (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.02–4.29;P=0.04). Seropositivity toT. gondiiwas correlated with the number of pregnancies, deliveries, and cesarean sections. The seroprevalence ofT. gondiiinfection in blood donors in Sonora is the highest reported in blood donors in northern Mexico so far. This is the first report of an association ofT. gondiiexposure and tobacco use. Further research to confirm this association is needed.
Safety and Efficacy of Intrapleural Tissue Plasminogen Activator and DNase during Extended Use in Complicated Pleural Space Infections
Authors: McClune Jason R. , Wilshire Candice L. , Gorden Jed A. , Louie Brian E. , Farviar Alexander S. , Stefanski Michael J. , Vallieres Eric , Aye Ralph W. , Gilbert Christopher R.
Published: June 2016

The use of intrapleural therapy with tissue plasminogen activator and DNase improves outcomes in patients with complicated pleural space infections. However, little data exists for the use of combination intrapleural therapy after the initial dosing period of six doses. We sought to describe the safety profile and outcomes of intrapleural therapy beyond this standard dosing. A retrospective review of patients receiving intrapleural therapy with tissue plasminogen activator and DNase was performed at two institutions. We identified 101 patients from January 2013 to August 2015 receiving intrapleural therapy for complicated pleural space infection. The extended use of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator and DNase therapy beyond six doses was utilized in 20% (20/101) of patients. The mean number of doses in those undergoing extended dosing was 9.8 (range of 7–16). Within the population studied there appears to be no statistically significant increased risk of complications, need for surgical referral, or outcome differences when comparing those receiving standard or extended dosing intrapleural therapy. Future prospective study of intrapleural therapy as an alternative option for patients who fail initial pleural drainage and are unable to tolerate/accept a surgical intervention appears a potential area of study.
Optimization of DWDM Demultiplexer Using Regression Analysis
Authors: Balaji Venkatachalam Rajarajan , Murugan Mahalingam , Robinson Savarimuthu
Published: June 2016

We propose a novel twelve-channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) demultiplexer, using the two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PC) with square resonant cavity (SRC) of ITU-T G.694.1 standard. The DWDM demultiplexer consists of an input waveguide, SRC, and output waveguide. The SRC in the proposed demultiplexer consists of square resonator and microcavity. The microcavity center rod radius (Rm) is proportional to refractive index. The refractive index property of the rods filters the wavelengths of odd and even channels. The proposed microcavity can filter twelve ITU-T G.694.1 standard wavelengths with 0.2 nm/25 GHz channel spacing between the wavelengths. From the simulation, we optimize the rod radius and wavelength with linear regression analysis. From the regression analysis, we can achieve 95% of accuracy with an average quality factor of 7890, the uniform spectral line-width of 0.2 nm, the transmission efficiency of 90%, crosstalk of −42 dB, and footprint of about 784 μm2.