bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iran and Rabindranath Tagore: Information from files of the national archives of Iran
Authors: Malekzadeh Elham
Published: May 2019

During the process of Iran’s modernisation, there arose much interest in modern literature outside Iran. As Rabindranath Tagore had acquired a worldwide reputation, it was inevitable that intellectuals in Iran should also be drawn towards his writings. Tagore visited Iran twice at the invitation of Reza Shah’s government (1932 and 1934). Subsequently, when India became independent and Iran wished to cement ties with India, there were ambitious plans to celebrate Tagore birth centenary, 1961–2. A severe political crisis breaking out in Iran at that time, however, led to a practical cancellation of the celebrations. The entire story of Tagore’s two visits to Iran and the abortive birth centenary celebration are reconstructed from documents in Iran’s National Archives.
Tiotropium add-on therapy is safe and reduces seasonal worsening in paediatric asthma patients
Authors: Vogelberg Christian , Szefler Stanley J. , Vrijlandt Elianne J.L.E. , Boner Attilio L. , Engel Michael , El Azzi Georges , Vulcu Sebastian Dan , Moroni-Zentgraf Petra M. , Eickmeier Olaf , Hamelmann Eckard H.
Published: May 2019

There remains an unmet need for effective, well-tolerated therapeutic options in paediatric patients with not fully controlled asthma, for whom safety is of paramount importance.

Data were pooled from five randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies evaluating tiotropium 5 or 2.5 µgversusplacebo add-on therapy in patients with symptomatic asthma aged 1–17 years. Analysis included adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) reported throughout and for 30 days following treatment.

Of 1691 patients treated, 1119 received tiotropium. Reporting of AEs was low and comparable across all groups: tiotropium 5 µg (51%), tiotropium 2.5 µg (51%) and placebo (54%). Reporting of drug-related AEs, those leading to discontinuation and SAEs was also low and balanced between treatment groups, irrespective of age, disease severity or sex. The number of AEs related to asthma symptoms and exacerbations was lower with tiotropium (5 µg) than with placebo, particularly during the seasonal peaks of these AEs.

This comprehensive analysis of a large safety database allowed subgroup analyses that are often impractical with individual trials and provides further support for the safety of once-daily tiotropium Respimat add-on therapy in paediatric patients with symptomatic asthma.
Childhood Attentional Dysfunctions Predict Social Deficits in Unaffected Adults at Risk for Schizophrenia
Authors: Cornblatt Barbara A. , Lenzenweger Mark F. , Dworkin Robert H. , Erlenmeyer-Kimling L.
Published: May 2019

Converging lines of evidence suggest that attentional dysfunctions are indicators of a biological susceptibility to some forms of schizophrenia. More specifically, following the criteria outlined by Holzman (1983), impaired attention can be considered a potential biological marker because of the: (a) well replicated association between schizophrenia and attentional dysfunctions in patients, both when in episode and in remission (Nuechterlein & Dawson, 1984); (b) evidence that attentional problems can be detected in unaffected first-degree adult relatives of schizophrenic patients (Wood & Cook, 1979; Keefe et al, 1989, Steinhauer et al, 1991) (c) reports from a number of high-risk studies that attentional deficits pre-date clinical symptoms by many years (Rutschmann et al, 1977; Nuechterlein, 1983; Cornblatt & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 1985; Mirsky et al, 1986; Erlenmeyer-Kimling & Cornblatt, 1987b; Mirsky, 1988) and (4) preliminary results suggesting that attention per se is genetically transmitted (Cornblatt et al, 1988).
Intermittent Medication, Coping and Psychotherapy Interactions in Relapse Prevention and Course Modification
Authors: Müller Peter , Bandelow Borwin , Gaebel Wolfgang , Köpcke Wolfgang , Linden Michael , Müller-Spahn Franz , Pietzcker Adolf , Schaefer Elke , Tegeler Joachim
Published: May 2019

There has been increasing interest in intermittent medication as a viable alternative to continuous neuroleptic treatment for chronic schizophrenic patients. Considerations supporting the plausibility of a targeted-medication approach include the fact that long-term medication involves certain risks, and that neither favourable outcome in the long-term nor risk of relapse are necessarily dependent on the continuous administration of neuroleptic drugs. An intermittent-targeted administration strategy was developed by Herzet al(1989) in an attempt to abort relapses at an early stage and to stabilise or to improve the course taken by illness.
Economic Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing Versus Single-Gene Testing to Detect Genomic Alterations in Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using a Decision Analytic Model
Authors: Pennell Nathan A. , Mutebi Alex , Zhou Zheng-Yi , Ricculli Marie Louise , Tang Wenxi , Wang Helen , Guerin Annie , Arnhart Tom , Dalal Anand , Sasane Medha , Wu Kevin Y. , Culver Kenneth W. , Otterson Gregory A.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

The aim of the current study was to assess the economic impact of using next-generation sequencing (NGS) versus single-gene testing strategies among patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) from the perspective of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and US commercial payers.

METHODS

A decision analytic model considered patients who were newly diagnosed with mNSCLC who received programmed death ligand 1 and genomic alteration tests— EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, HER2, RET, and NTRK1—using upfront NGS (all alterations tested simultaneously plus KRAS), sequential testing (sequence of single-gene tests), exclusionary testing ( KRAS plus sequential testing), and hotspot panels ( EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF tested simultaneously plus single-gene tests or NGS for MET, HER2, RET, and NTRK1). Model outcomes for each strategy were time-to-test results, the proportion of patients identified harboring alterations with or without US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies, and total testing costs. A budget impact analysis assessed the economic effects of increasing the proportion of NGS-tested patients.

RESULTS

In a hypothetical 1,000,000-member health plan, 2,066 Medicare-insured patients and 156 commercially insured patients were estimated to have mNSCLC and to be eligible for testing. Time-to-test results were 2.0 weeks for NGS and the hotspot panel, faster than exclusionary and sequential testing by 2.7 and 2.8 weeks, respectively. NGS was associated with cost savings for both CMS ($1,393,678; $1,530,869; and $2,140,795 less than exclusionary, sequential testing, and hotspot panels, respectively) and commercial payers ($3,809; $127,402; and $250,842 less than exclusionary, sequential testing, and hotspot panels, respectively). Increasing the proportion of NGS-tested patients translated into substantial cost savings for both CMS and commercial payers.

CONCLUSION

Use of upfront NGS testing in patients with mNSCLC was associated with substantial cost savings and shorter time-to-test results for both CMS and commercial payers.
Unanchored ubiquitin chains do not lead to marked alterations in gene expression inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Blount Jessica R. , Meyer Danielle N. , Akemann Camille , Johnson Sean L. , Gurdziel Katherine , Baker Tracie R. , Todi Sokol V.
Published: May 2019

The small protein modifier, ubiquitin regulates various aspects of cellular biology through its chemical conjugation onto proteins. Ubiquitination of proteins presents itself in numerous iterations, from a single mono-ubiquitination event to chains of poly-ubiquitin. Ubiquitin chains can be attached onto other proteins or can exist as unanchored species – i.e. free from another protein. Unanchored ubiquitin chains are thought to be deleterious to the cell and rapidly disassembled into mono-ubiquitin. We recently examined the toxicity and utilization of unanchored poly-ubiquitin in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that free poly-ubiquitin species are largely innocuous to flies and that free poly-ubiquitin can be controlled by being degraded by the proteasome or by being conjugated onto another protein as a single unit. Here, to explore whether an organismal defense is mounted against unanchored chains, we conducted RNA-Seq analyses to examine the transcriptomic impact of free poly-ubiquitin in the fly. We found ∼90 transcripts whose expression is altered in the presence of different types of unanchored poly-ubiquitin. The set of genes identified was essentially devoid of ubiquitin-, proteasome- or autophagy-related components. The seeming absence of a large and multipronged response to unanchored poly-ubiquitin supports the conclusion that these species need not be toxic in vivo and underscores the need to reexamine the role of free ubiquitin chains in the cell.
Chemical Sensing of Acrolein-Amine Conjugates for Food Quality Control: A Case Study of Milk Products
Authors: Kishimoto Arisa , Nomura Shogo , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: May 2019

Acrolein is a highly toxic unsaturated aldehyde generated from an array of sources ranging from tobacco smoke to incomplete combustion of oil, charcoal, wood, plastic and other organic substances. In food chemistry, research is exclusively focused on the detection of vaporous acrolein emitted from the oils, but not that included in the food products. Acrolein is highly reactive to various functional groups, and once produced, it can smoothly conjugate with food materials, e.g., forming 3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidine (FDP) adduct with lysines of proteins, a similar modification to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Since the correlation between acrolein-protein adducts and various disease states remains unclear, the detection of the amounts of acrolein adducts included in food products ranks at the very top in significance and urgency. We for the first time evaluated the amount of FDP as the preferential acrolein-amine conjugates included in milk products, based on our reduction-based sensor kit. We found that various amounts of FDP conjugates could be produced from various sources and from different brands, depending on pasteurization, high temperature treatment, and contents of animal fats. It was also found that the amount of FDP in milk products significantly increased when these are heated to 80–100 °C under the conditions of drinking hot milk, hot coffee with creamers, and of cooking. While biological functions of acrolein-amine conjugates and effects on human health are investigated, the FDP production in food materials under various conditions should be analyzed for their quality control. Efficient and rapid analysis should be now possible with our reduction-based FDP sensor.
Daily Step Counts for Measuring Physical Activity Exposure and Its Relation to Health
Authors: KRAUS WILLIAM E. , JANZ KATHLEEN F. , POWELL KENNETH E. , CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , JAKICIC JOHN M. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , SPROW KYLE , TORRES ANDREA , PIERCY KATRINA L.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

A systematic primary literature review was conducted to evaluate the relationship of physical activity—as measured by daily step counts—with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, incident cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus; to evaluate the shape of dose–response relationships; and to interpret findings in the context of development of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, Second Edition.

Methods

A primary literature search encompassing 2011 to March 2018 for existing literature reporting on these relationships was conducted.

Results

Eleven pertinent articles were identified. Seven longitudinal studies examined the relationship between daily step counts and mortality, disease incidence, or risk. Two studies examined objectively measured steps per day and all-cause mortality; one was restricted to a relatively small elderly population. One study examined cardiovascular events, defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The other four longitudinal studies addressed incident type 2 diabetes. All longitudinal studies reported an inverse relationship between steps per day and outcome risk. In one study, 531 cardiovascular events occurred during more than 45,000 person-years of follow-up. Before intervention, each increment of 2000 steps per day up to 10,000 steps was associated with a 10% lower cardiovascular event rate. Also, for every increase of 2000 steps per day over baseline, there was an 8% yearly reduction in cardiovascular event rate in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.

Conclusions

Daily step count is a readily accessible means by which to monitor and set physical activity goals. Recent evidence supports previously limited evidence of an inverse dose–response relationship of daily steps with important health outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and type 2 diabetes. However, more independent studies will be required before these observations can be translated into public health guidelines.
Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review
Authors: MCTIERNAN ANNE , FRIEDENREICH CHRISTINE M. , KATZMARZYK PETER T. , POWELL KENNETH E. , MACKO RICHARD , BUCHNER DAVID , PESCATELLO LINDA S. , BLOODGOOD BONNY , TENNANT BETHANY , VAUX-BJERKE ALISON , GEORGE STEPHANIE M. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , PIERCY KATRINA L.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This article reviews and updates the evidence on the associations between physical activity and risk for cancer, and for mortality in persons with cancer, as presented in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.

Methods

Systematic reviews of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and pooled analyses were conducted through December 2016. An updated systematic review of such reports plus original research through February 2018 was conducted. This article also identifies future research needs.

Results

In reviewing 45 reports comprising hundreds of epidemiologic studies with several million study participants, the report found strong evidence for an association between highest versus lowest physical activity levels and reduced risks of bladder, breast, colon, endometrial, esophageal adenocarcinoma, renal, and gastric cancers. Relative risk reductions ranged from approximately 10% to 20%. Based on 18 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the report also found moderate or limited associations between greater amounts of physical activity and decreased all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in individuals with a diagnosis of breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer, with relative risk reductions ranging almost up to 40% to 50%. The updated search, with five meta-analyses and 25 source articles reviewed, confirmed these findings.

Conclusions

Levels of physical activity recommended in the 2018 Guidelines are associated with reduced risk and improved survival for several cancers. More research is needed to determine the associations between physical activity and incidence for less common cancers and associations with survival for other cancers. Future studies of cancer incidence and mortality should consider these associations for population subgroups, to determine dose–response relationships between physical activity and cancer risk and prognosis, and to establish mechanisms to explain these associations.
Physical Activity, Injurious Falls, and Physical Function in Aging: An Umbrella Review
Authors: DIPIETRO LORETTA , CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , BUCHNER DAVID M. , ERICKSON KIRK I. , POWELL KENNETH E. , BLOODGOOD BONNY , HUGHES TIMOTHY , DAY KELSEY R. , PIERCY KATRINA L. , VAUX-BJERKE ALISON , OLSON RICHARD D.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To review and update the evidence of the relationship between physical activity, risk of fall-related injury, and physical function in community-dwelling older people that was presented in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report (PAGAC Report).

Methods

Duplicate independent screenings of 1415 systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2006 and 2016 identified from PubMed®, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases yielded 111 articles used for the PAGAC Report. The PAGAC Aging Subcommittee members graded scientific evidence strength based upon a five-criteria rubric and assigned one of four grades: strong, moderate, limited, or not assignable. An updated search of 368 articles published between January 2017 and March 2018 yielded 35 additional pertinent articles.

Results

Strong evidence demonstrated that physical activity reduced the risk of fall-related injuries by 32% to 40%, including severe falls requiring medical care or hospitalization. Strong evidence also supported that physical activity improved physical function and reduced the risk of age-related loss of physical function in an inverse graded manner among the general aging population, and improved physical function in older people with frailty and with Parkinson’s disease. Aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and/or multicomponent physical activity programs elicited the largest improvements in physical function in these same populations. Moderate evidence indicated that for older adults who sustained a hip fracture or stroke, extended exercise programs and mobility-oriented physical activity improved physical function.

Conclusions

Regular physical activity effectively helps older adults improve or delay the loss of physical function and mobility while reducing the risk of fall-related injuries. These important public health benefits underscore the importance of physical activity among older adults, especially those living with declining physical function and chronic health conditions.
Usage and types of mobile medical applications amongst medical students of Pakistan and its association with their academic performance
Authors: Baig Mukhtiar
Published: May 2019

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.1071
Thyroid hormonal changes among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in Baghdad – a case-control study
Authors: Moustafa Mayada M. , Jamal Mohammed Y. , Al-Janabi Rawaa Dawood
Published: May 2019

Background:Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction along with the cardinal features of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. The prevalence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound is around quarter of all women but is not associated with the full syndrome. The study aimed to assess the status of thyroid disorders in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Methods:This prospective hospital-based case-control study involved most outpatients aged 13–45 years who visited the Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Infertility clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital with complaints of hirsutism and/or oligomenorrhea or infertility. This study included 70 patients, including 50 with PCOS (PCOS group) and 20 without (control group).

Results:The PCOS group exhibited significantly higher mean thyroid stimulating hormone level (3.9 vs. 3.1 µIU/L), luteinizing hormone level (15.2 vs. 4.7 mIU/mL), and body mass index (28.6 vs. 24.9 kg/m2; all, p<0.001) and a non-significantly higher follicle-stimulating hormone level (9.2 vs. 5.2 mIU/L) than the control group.

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a higher prevalence of thyroid disorder among women with PCOS.
Trends and factors associated with child marriage in four Asian countries
Authors: MacQuarrie Kerry L. D. , Juan Christina
Published: May 2019

Background:Child marriage, defined as marriage before the age of 18, is a human rights violation and is associated with numerous adverse health, social, and economic outcomes.  As such, the phenomena of child marriage garners substantial programmatic and policy action.   However, a better understanding of specifically how child marriage is or is not changing is needed.

Methods:This study analyzes trends in the age structure of child marriage with cumulative incidence functions using data from Demographic and Health Surveys in four Asian countries.  It further uses equiplots and chi-square tests of independence to identify specific patterns of and trends in inequalities of child marriage across three socio-economic factors: education, wealth, and residence.

Results:We find significant decreases in child marriage in all four countries since the 1990s.  The rate of change has been unevenly paced, with rapid increases in age at marriage followed by periods of little observable change.  Child marriage generally falls first during the youngest ages, followed by decreases in marriage later in adolescence.  Marriage remains an adolescent experience for the majority of women in Bangladesh and Nepal.  Child marriage is most common in Bangladesh and least common in Indonesia, while India has experienced the largest declines in child marriage.  There is no discernible trend toward non-marriage, but rather a trend toward delayed marriage only. We find widespread education-, wealth-, and residence-based inequalities, with child marriage concentrated among more disadvantaged groups.  Inequalities based on education are wider than either those based on wealth or residence.  Inequalities have mostly lessened over the previous decade, except in Nepal.  A pattern of mass deprivation is observed with regard to education, while wealth-based inequalities follow a queuing pattern. 

Conclusions:These inequality patterns suggest delayed marriage be broadly promoted, alongside targeted interventions directed to the most disadvantaged groups.
Measuring the Impact of Product Placement with Brand-Related Social Media Conversations and Website Traffic
Authors: Fossen Beth L. , Schweidel David A.
Published: May 2019

We investigate the relationship between product placement in television programs and the volume of social media activity and website traffic for the featured brand.
Dual-Task Obstacle Crossing Training Could Immediately Improve Ability to Control a Complex Motor Task and Cognitive Activity in Chronic Ambulatory Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Amatachaya Sugalya , Srisim Kitiyawadee , Arrayawichanon Preeda , Thaweewannakij Thiwabhorn , Amatachaya Pipatana
Published: May 2019

Background: The effectiveness of dual-task training has been reported in individuals with cognitive impairments. To date, there is no clear evidence on the incorporation of dual-task training in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have intact cognitive functions but have various degrees of sensorimotor dysfunction. Objectives: To compare the immediate effects of dual-task obstacle crossing (DTOC) and single-task obstacle crossing (STOC) training on functional and cognitive abilities in chronic ambulatory participants with SCI. Methods: This is a randomized 2 × 2 crossover design with blinded assessors. Twenty-two participants were randomly trained using a 30-minute DTOC and STOC training program with a 2-day washout period. Outcomes, including 10-Meter Walk Tests (single- and dual-task tests), percent of Stroop Color and Word Test task errors, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and five times sit-to-stand test, were measured immediately before and after each training program. Results: Participants showed significant improvement in all outcomes following both training programs ( p < .05), except percent of Stroop Color and Word Test task errors after STOC training. Obvious differences between the training programs were found for the percent of Stroop task errors and TUG ( ps = .014 and .06). Conclusion: Obstacle crossing is a demanding task, thus the obvious improvement was found immediately after both training programs in participants with long post-injury time (approximately 5 years). However, the findings primarily suggest the superior effects of DTOC over STOC on a complex motor task and cognitive activity. A further randomized control trial incorporating a complex dual-task test is needed to strengthen evidence for the benefit of DTOC for these individuals.
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Training on Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Graham Kyle , Yarar-Fisher Ceren , Li Jia , McCully Kevin M. , Rimmer James H. , Powell Danille , Bickel C. Scott , Fisher Gordon
Published: May 2019

Background: Recent studies in nondisabled individuals have demonstrated that low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve cardiometabolic health similar to moderate-intensity training (MIT) despite requiring 20% of the overall time commitment. To date, there have been no studies assessing the effects of HIIT for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with SCI. Objectives: The primary purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of low-volume HIIT vs MIT using arm crank ergometer exercise to improve body composition, cardiovascular fitness, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, and blood pressure in a cohort of individuals with longstanding SCI. Methods: Participants were randomized to 6 weeks of HIIT or MIT arm crank exercise training. Aerobic capacity, muscular strength, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and body composition were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks post training. Results: Seven individuals (6 male, 1 female; n = 3 in MIT and n = 4 in HIIT; mean age 51.3 ± 10.5 years) with longstanding SCI completed the study. The preliminary findings from this pilot study demonstrated that individuals with SCI randomized to either 6 weeks of HIIT or MIT displayed improvements in (a) insulin sensitivity, (b) cardiovascular fitness, and (c) muscular strength ( p < .05). However, MIT led to greater improvements in arm fat percent and chest press strength compared to HIIT ( p < .05). Conclusion: No differences between MIT and HIIT were observed. Both conditions led to improvements in insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and blood lipids in individuals with SCI. Future larger cohort studies are needed to determine if the shorter amount of time required from HIIT is preferable to current MIT exercise recommendations.
Avaliação do impacto do vazamento de água termal do Aquífero Caiuá no munícipio de presidente Epitácio/SP
Authors: Teramoto Elias Hideo , Baessa Marcus Paulus Martins , Chang Hung Kiang
Published: May 2019

Danos no revestimento de um poço do Sistema Aquífero Guarani, localizado no munícipio de Presidente Epitácio (SP), está liberando água quente para o Aquífero Caiuá, aflorante na área. A temperatura da água medida na boca do poço é de 70°C, possuindo propriedades hidroquímicas e isotópicas características. Neste trabalho foram utilizados dados hidroquímicos e de isótopos estáveis, bem como modelos numéricos de fluxo e transporte para avaliar a influência da água termal no aquífero raso Caiuá. Os resultados indicam que as águas subterrâneas nas proximidades do poço de água termal são isotopica e hidroquimicamente similares à água termal do Sistema Aquífero Guarani, possuindo temperaturas e características físico-químicas anômalas para o Aquífero Caiuá. As simulações numéricas indicam que a vazão de água quente, a partir do seu local de vazamento, é de aproximadamente 900 m3/dia. Estes resultados indicam a existência de fluxo de água quente do poço jorrante de água termal para o Aquífero Caiuá e que a elevação da temperatura de suas águas se restringe a cerca de uma centena de metros em torno do ponto do vazamento.
A NEW AND ADAPTIVE SECURITY MODEL FOR PUBLIC COMMUNICATION BASED ON CORRELATION OF DATA FRAMES
Authors: Haider Haider Tarish , Muhsen Dhiaa Halboot , Shahadib Haider Ismael , See Ong Hang
Published: May 2019

Recent developments in communication and information technologies, plus the emerging of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) principles, create the need to protect data from multiple types of attacks. In this paper, a secure and high capacity data communication model is proposed to protect the transmitted data based on identical frames between a secret and cover data. In this model, the cover data does not convey any embedded data (as in normal steganography system) or modify the secret message (as in traditional cryptography techniques). Alternatively, the proposed model sends the positions of the cover frames that are identical with the secret frames to the receiver side in order to recover the secret message. One of the significant advantages of the proposed model is the size of the secret key message which is considerably larger than the cover size, it may be even hundred times larger. Accordingly, the experimental results demonstrate a superior performance in terms of the capacity rate as compared to the traditional steganography techniques. Moreover, it has an advantage in terms of the required bandwidth to send the data or the required memory for saving when compared to the steganography methods, which need a bandwidth or memory up to 3-5 times of the original secret message. Where the length of the secret key (positions of the identical frames) that should be sent to the receiver increases by only 25% from the original secret message. This model is suitable for applications with a high level of security, high capacity rate and less bandwidth of communication or low storage devices.
Kierkegaard, pensador post-fundacional
Authors: Binetti María José
Published: May 2019

Søren Kierkegaard se ha instalado en la historia de la filosofía como el pensador de una libertad puramente posible, capaz de crear su propio sentido y realidad. Lo posible, lo virtual, la potencia, constituyen para Kierkegaard el sustrato de la existencia, elemento, medio y fin de su acción libre y creadora. La determinación de la posibilidad infinita como origen y fundamento del ser supone la resignificación ontológica de lo real en su totalidad, en claro contraste con la vieja metafísica del acto perfecto y acabado. Las siguientes líneas intentarán leer a Kierkegaard en el horizonte post-fundacional de la ontología contemporánea como pensador de la inmanencia y contingencia radicales, cuya pura posibilidad de poder anticipa en muchos sentidos el nuevo giro especulativo del siglo XXI.
Nulla accommodatio: la razón y la fe en la hermenéutica de Spinoza
Authors: Narváez Mario
Published: May 2019

En su famoso Tratado Teológico-Político, Spinoza ofrece un método de interpretación de las Escrituras con la finalidad de que, a través de su aplicación, el lector pueda capturar objetivamente el sentido de los textos y de ese modo no incurrir en el mismo error que los teólogos y filósofos cristianos o judíos que confunden el ámbito de la fe con el ámbito de la razón. Ahora bien, en la medida en que leemos los textos sagrados y los interpretamos utilizando el método propuesto por Spinoza, también estamos utilizando la razón. De este modo, cabe preguntarse –siguiendo a Zac– ¿cómo es posible que aun utilizando un método elaborado por la razón se puedan mantener separados el dominio de la razón y la fe sin que esto implique una invasión del primero sobre el segundo? Así, nuestro objetivo en el presente trabajo es examinar el modo en que Spinoza entiende que se realiza la aplicación de la razón en el proceso hermenéutico. Con vistas a este fin, luego de presentar los rasgos generales del método hermenéutico spinoziano, examinaremos críticamente la lectura propuesta por Zac, lo cual nos servirá como trampolín para presentar nuestra propia interpretación.
Hybrid cavity-antenna systems for quantum optics outside the cryostat?
Authors: Palstra Isabelle M. , Doeleman Hugo M. , Koenderink A. Femius
Published: May 2019

Hybrid cavity-antenna systems have been proposed to combine the sub-wavelength light confinement of plasmonic antennas with microcavity quality factors Q. Here, we examine what confinement and Q can be reached in these hybrid systems, and we address their merits for various applications in classical and quantum optics. Specifically, we investigate their applicability for quantum-optical applications at noncryogenic temperatures. To this end we first derive design rules for hybrid resonances from a simple analytical model. These rules are benchmarked against full-wave simulations of hybrids composed of state-of-the-art nanobeam cavities and plasmonic-dimer gap antennas. We find that hybrids can outperform the plasmonic and cavity constituents in terms of Purcell factor, and additionally offer freedom to reach any Q at a similar Purcell factor. We discuss how these metrics are highly advantageous for a high Purcell factor, yet weak-coupling applications, such as bright sources of indistinguishable single photons. The challenges for room-temperature strong coupling, however, are far more daunting: the extremely high dephasing of emitters implies that little benefit can be achieved from trading confinement against a higher Q, as done in hybrids. An attractive alternative could be strong coupling at liquid nitrogen temperature, where emitter dephasing is lower and this trade-off can alleviate the stringent fabrication demands required for antenna strong coupling. For few-emitter strong-coupling, high-speed and low-power coherent or incoherent light sources, particle sensing and vibrational spectroscopy, hybrids provide the unique benefit of very high local optical density of states, tight plasmonic confinement, yet microcavity Q.
Optically accessible memristive devices
Authors: Di Martino Giuliana , Tappertzhofen Stefan
Published: May 2019

One of the most promising contenders for ultralow-energy electronic devices are memristive memories, which allow for sustainably scalable “neuromorphic” computing, potentially capable of reducing power dissipation in IT by >50%. Understanding the nanoscale kinetics of the switching mechanisms is needed to enable high-endurance devices – only this can unlock their integration into fast, low-energy, logic-in-memory architectures. Lately, non-perturbative techniques were introduced to study morphological changes within memristive devices. In particular, plasmonic nanocavities recently became a smart and powerful investigation tool and opened the path for completely new electro-optical applications based on memristive devices. In this review, we will discuss the main research streams currently linking the fields of nanoscale device engineering and plasmon-enhanced light-matter interactions focusing on innovative fast ways to study real-time movement of individual atoms that underpins this new generation of ultralow-energy memory nano-devices.
Oxygen Effects on Solidification Behavior of Gas Tungsten Arc–Welded Laser Powder Bed Fusion–Fabricated 304L Stainless Steel
Authors: Gonzales Devon S. , Liu Stephen , Javernick Daniel , Pacheco Robin , Brand Michael , Johnson Matthew , Tung David
Published: May 2019

The laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process inherently accumulates interstitial gas elements during powder fabrication and laser deposition processes. Such elements can lead to localized variations in the weld pool and affect the solidification behavior (when compared with its wrought equivalent), in addition to chemical microsegregation within the fabricated material. This study was conducted to characterize the solidification behavior of gas tungsten arc (GTA) welds made on L-PBF 304L stainless steel. The effect of surface active elements on the local solidification rates was studied. An emphasis was placed on the role local solidification rates and temperature gradients throughout the weld play on the resultant weld solidification structure and microsegregation. It was determined that gas tungsten arc welds on L-PBF 304L stainless steel exhibited a vermicular ferrite solidification structure compared with a mix of vermicular and lathy ferrite structure in wrought 304L. The varying convective thermal gradients in the weld pool affected the solidification modes and partitioning of elements, leading to fluctuations of microsegregation in the L-PBF 304L. Macroscopically, such partitioning affected the surface tension within the weld pool, producing asymmetric weld pool geometries. The compositional differences between wrought and L-PBF fabricated 304L stainless steels resulted in irregular solidification behaviors during welding affecting the final weld microstructure.
Influence of Temperature on Motor Behaviors in Newborn Opossums (Monodelphis domestica): AnIn VitroStudy
Authors: Corriveau-Parenteau Edith , Beauvais Ariane , Angers Annie , Pflieger Jean-François
Published: May 2019

External thermosensation is crucial to regulate animal behavior and homeostasis, but the development of the mammalian thermosensory system is not well known. We investigated whether temperature could play a role in the control of movements in a mammalian model born very immature, the opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Like other marsupials, at birth the opossum performs alternate and rhythmic movements with its forelimbs (FLs) to reach a teat where it attaches in order to continue its development. It was shown that FL movements can be induced by mechanical stimulation of the snout inin vitropreparations of newborns consisting of the neuraxis with skin and FLs intact. In the present study, we used puff ejections of cold, neutral (bath temperature) and hot liquid directed toward the snout to induce FL responses in such preparations. Either the responses were visually observed under a microscope or triceps muscle activity was recorded. Cold liquid systematically induced FL movements and triceps contractions, but neutral and hot temperatures were less potent to do so. Sections of the trigeminal nerves and removal of the facial skin diminished responses to cold and nearly abolished those to hot and neutral stimulations. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) being the major cold receptor cation channel in adult mammals, we employed immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to test for its expression, but found that it is not expressed before 13 postnatal days. Overall our results indicate that cold thermosensation exerts a strong influence on motor behaviors in newborn opossums.
Spiritual and Cosmological Applications of Triangles
Authors: Anantha Anantha
Published: May 2019

It is well known that the laws of triangles are widely applied in classical mathematical branches, physics, engineering and almost all the areas of science, technology and other fields. Trigonometry is the extension of triangles. Cosmology is the application of trigonometry. The Jews, Vedic Aryans, Islam and Taoism were all well versed with triangles and other geometrical figures. In this article, the author attempts to unlock the hidden spiritual mysteries of triangles and also about the part played by triangles in cosmology.
Anti-Thule und Gegen-Atlantis. Karl Wolfskehl und Kurt Singer im Exil
Authors: Jessen Caroline
Published: May 2019

Neuseeland war für den aus Nazideutschland geflüchteten Dichter Kal Wolfskehl nach Stationen in der Schweiz und Italien im Sommer 1938 der Ankuftsort einer One-way-Schiffreise mit Touristenvisum. Das über vier Jahre andauernde italienische Refugium hatte sich gegen die faschistische Regierung im Land nicht länger behaupten können und die Grenzen der europäischen Ausweichorte hatten sich vor dem Flüchtenden geschlossen. In den folgenden zehn Jahren, die der fast siebzigjährige Wolfskehl dann abgesehen von einigen kleineren Reisen auf der Insel in Auckland verbrachte, wurden Briefe zum Ersatz persönlicher Nähe und zugleich zur durch und durch stilisierten Form.
Das Postfaktische. Sophistische Betrachtungen zum postmodernen Erbe
Authors: Grethlein Jonas
Published: May 2019

Nicht erst, seitdem es von der Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache zum Wort des Jahres gewählt wurde, hat das «Postfaktische» einen festen Platz in der Gegenwartsdiagnose. Der parallele Aufstieg des englischen Äquivalents, post truth, das die Oxford Dictionaries ebenfalls 2016 zum Wort des Jahres kürten, signalisiert, dass es sich um ein nicht auf Deutschland beschränktes Phänomen handelt. Während das Postfaktische in Deutschland nicht zuletzt mit dem Erfolg der rechtspopulistischen Partei AfD asoziiert wird, stellen internation die Wahl Trumps zum amerikanischen Präsidenten und der Brexit seine markantesten Manifestationen dar. Trotzdem hat so mancher Beobachter die Stichhaltigkeit der Idee des Postfaktischen bezweifelt. Haben Politiker nicht schon immer mehr oder weniger schamlos gelogen? In die gute alte faktische Moderne fällt zum Beispiel ebenso Bill Clintons eidesstattliche Aussage, er habe Sex mit Monika Lewinski gehabt, wie Walter Ulbrichs Behauptung, niemand aben die Absicht, eine Mauer zu errichten. Seit Platons Politeiawurde die Lüge in der Staatstheorie immer wieder als legitimes Mittel der Politik gerechtfertigt.
Feigenblatt der Kritik. Der Akademiker in der Zone der Neutralisierung
Authors: Asal Sonja
Published: May 2019

Von dem Altphilologen Wolfang Schadewaldt geht die Anekdote, dass er 1934 Martin Heidegger eines Tages, nachdem dieser bereits vom Rektorenamt der Freiburger Universität zurückgetreten war, zufällig in der Straßenbahn traf und mit den Worten grüßte: «Nun, Herr Kollege, zurück aus Syrakus?» Die Geschichte des Philosophen, der sich zum politischen Ratgeber berufen fühlt, ist ebenso alt wie die seines Scheiterns an der Wirklichkeit. Die Frage, wie hält die Wissenschaft es mit der Politik, ist allerdings anhaltend virulent. Welche Gefahr läuft sie, und wie weitreichend ist ihre Aufgabe, mit ihrer Expertise zur Steuerung moderner Gesellschaften beizutragen.
Die Postmoderne und das Ende des Japonismus
Authors: Wolff Vera
Published: May 2019

Die Moderne kommt aus Japan. Jedenfalls, wenn man dem Gründungsdirektor des New Yorker Museum of Modern Art Alfred H. Barre folgt, der auf dem vielleicht berühmtesten Schaubild der Kunstgeschichte die Moderne mit dem Jahr 1890 beginnen ließ und daneben kommentarlos notierte: «Japanese Prints». Japanische Kunst gilt nicht erst seit Barrs Entwicklungsgeschichte der abstrakten Kunst, die er 1936 skizzierte, als eine der wichtigsten Quellen der westlichen Moderne. Schon lange vor Barr hatten Kunstkritiker, -historiker und Künstler in der japanischen Kunst eine Tradition für die Moderne gesucht oder in ihr den ästhetischen Ausgleich für die Defizite der Modernisierung gefunden. Und bis heute ist Japan für unzählige Autoren das «Heimatland der Abstraktion», in dem, wie der japanische Maler Saburô Hasegawa 1940 schrieb, «schon vor 400 Jahren» verwirklicht wurde, was der Westen erst ind er Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts erproben sollte.
Zen im Schwarzwald. Heidegger und der Rashomon- Effekt
Authors: Heidenreich Felix
Published: May 2019

Versuche, Heideggers Denken angemessen zu verstehen, verweisen im Falle von Sein und Zeit auf Aristoteles, Luther oder die Marburger Theologie. Beim späten Heidegger beginnt indes die Sache nach Quellen, die außerhalb dessen stehen was Heidegger als die «abendländliche Metaphysik» adressierte: die von him selbst interpretierten Vorsokratiker oder gar die hebräische Tradition. Auch die Konvergenz zwischen der Spätphilosophie Heideggers und zentralen Motiven des ostasiatischen Denkens ist seit langem Gegenstand der Forschung. Reinhard May hat zu belegen versucht, dass vor allem Heideggers ausführliche Auseinandersetzung miz taoistischen Denken, das ihm durch Bubers Tschuang-Tse-AUsgabe von 1910 und Richard Wilhelms Übersetzung des Tao Te King bekannt war und mit dem er sich unter Anleitung von Paul Hsiao intesiv beschäftigte, einen wichtigen Einfluss auf sein Denken ausübte. May kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Heideggers Begriff des Nichts, ja die idiosynkratisch anmutende und stets mit Verweis auf Hölderlin hergleitete Fusion von Dichten und Denken wesentlich durch den Einfluss des Taoismus zu erklären sei.
Athen – Tokio. Das Japan der Philosophen
Authors: Felsch Philipp
Published: May 2019

Michel Foucault zog sich 1978 für einige Wochen in einem Zen-Tempel am Fuß des Fuji zurück. Martin Heidegger dachte lange über das Wesen der japanischen Sprache nach. Und Roland Barthes entdeckte im «Reich der Zeichen» das semiologische Paradies. Giorgio Colli, der italienische Nietzsche-Herausgeber, war an der Kunst des japanischen Bogenschießens interessiert. Nietzsche selbst hatte seiner Schwester im Dezember 1885 aus Nizza geschrieben, wenn er bei besserer Gesundheit wäre und über die nötigen Mittel verfügte, würde er nach Japan gehen.
Absturz an den Klippen Albions. William James Lintons Vision einer English Republic
Authors: Roob Alexander
Published: May 2019

Ende 1850, kurze Zeit nachdem die kontinentaleuropäischen Revolutionen gegen die dynastische Ordnung der Restaurationszeit niedergeschalgen waren und die Hoffnungen auf eine demokratische Wende am Boden zerstört schienen, hob der englische Politkünstler William James Liton ein Magazin aus der Taufe, das voller Enthusiasmus zur Fortsetzung der nationalstaatlichen Umgestaltung Europas aufrief. Die folgenenden viereinhalb Jahre arbeitete er zuerst in wöchentlichen, dann in monatlichen Lieferungen an der Ausgestaltung seiner Vision eines vereinten Europa basisdemokratischer Nationen. Ihre Realisation hielt er für eine zwingende Vorstofe auf dem Weg zur Weltrepublik, dem finalen Stadium eines göttlichen Weltplans. Nachdem selbst Frankreich als letztes republikanisches Bollwerk wegzubrechen drohte, da es von monarchistischen Kräften dominiert wurde, denen es zu allem Überfluss auch noch gelungen war, den einzigen Hoffnungsfunken in Gestalt einer radikaldemokratischen Republik in Rom zu ersticken, sah er nun England in der Pflicht, zwei Jahrhunderte nach dem Intermezzo des English Commonwealth wieder an die Sitze des Demokratisierungsfortschritts zu treten.
Genel Cerrahi Kliniğimizde Adrenalektomi Yapılan Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: PEKER Yaşar Subutay , URKAN Murat
Published: May 2019

Amaç: 2013 2018 yılları arasında Gülhane Eğitim ve
Araştırma Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi ABD’da opere edilen hastaların sonuçları ve
klinik deneyimimizi irdeledik. Çalışmamızda Benign ve Malign adrenal gland bezi
hastalıkları nedeni ile Laparaskopik adrenektomi uygulanan hastalar ile açık
cerrahi uygulanan hastaların sonuçlarını ortaya koymayı amaçladık.

Material ve Method: Adrenal Gland kitlesi nedeni ile
opere edilen 44 hastanın retrospektif olarak verilerinin sunulduğu bir
çalışmadır. Hastaları yaş, cinsiyet, adrenal kitle büyüklüğü, preoperatif
teşhis, operasyon şekli, final histopatoloji açısından değerlendirdik.

Sonuç: Adrenal gland kanseri
nedeniyle ameliyat edilen 28’i erkek 16’sı kadın toplam 44 hasta sunulmuştur.
Hastaların yaşları 20-83 arasında değişmekte olup yaş ortalaması 45.2
±11.7’dir. Bu şekilde 44 hastanın 30’unda (%68,18) LA, 14’ünde (%31,82) ise AA
yapılmıştır. Histopatolojik incelemelerine göre değerlendirildiğinde adrenal
gland kitlelerinin 33’ü (%75) AKA, NFA, adrenal cyst, Feo gibi benign hastalık
iken 11’inde (%25) AKK veya metastatik adrenal gland kanseri tespit edilmiştir.
Malign patolojiler nedeniyle adrenalektomi yapılan 11 hastanın  6’sı başka organların kanserine ait metastaz,
5’i ise primer AKK idi. Hastaların postoperatif dönemde hastanede yatış süresi
2-11 gün arasında değişmekte olup ortalama yatış süresi 3.3±2.5 gün olarak
tespit edilmiştir.

Tartışma: Adrenal
insidentalomalar % 1–4 oranında  abdominal
görüntüleme çalışmalarında ortaya konulabilmektedir ve yaş ile birlikte adrenal
insidentolomların görülme riski artmaktadır. Cerrahi sürrenalektominin
endikasyonları çoğunlukla non fonksiyone adenomalarveya diğer benign  adrenal bez tümörleridir. Buna karşın AKK
veya metastatik adrenal gland tümörleri daha az görülmektedir. Bunların
rekürrens oranları daha yüksektir ve kötü prognostik seyire sahiptirler.  AKK ve metastatik tümörlerin cerrahisi açık
cerrahi veya bazı karşıt görüşler olmasına rağmen lalaraskopik olarak
yapılabilmektedir.