bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A long‐term follow‐up of early breast cancer patients treated with photobiomodulation during conventional fractionation radiotherapy in the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis
Authors: Robijns Jolien , Lodewijckx Joy , Claes Marithé , Lenaerts Melissa , Van Bever Leen , Claes Stefan , Pannekoeke Luc , Verboven Katleen , Noé Leen , Maes Annelies , Bulens Paul , Mebis Jeroen
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The evidence demonstrating the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy for preventing and managing acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is growing steadily. The question that arises from many clinicians is, if PBM is safe for oncologic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the disease‐free survival (DFS), cancer‐free survival (CFS), and overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients treated with PBM for ARD.

Methods

Clinical data of 120 breast cancer patients treated with prophylactic PBM (n = 60, 2x/week, 808−905 nm, 4 J/cm2) or placebo (n = 60) during conventional fractionation (CF) radiotherapy (RT) between April 2015 and June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed (TRANSDERMIS trial). During follow‐up (April 2015 to May 2022), patients underwent a complete clinical evaluation every 6 months and blood analysis and mammography yearly in the first 5 years after the end of RT. The DFS, CFS, and OS were estimated.

Results

At a median follow‐up time of 66 months (range 4−81), there was no significant difference in DFS (73.7% vs. 98.3%, resp., p = 0.54), CFS (68.4% vs. 77.8%, resp., p = 0.79), and OS (87.9% vs. 98.3%, resp., p = 0.30) between the placebo and PBM group.

Conclusions

This paper is the first to describe the results of a long‐term follow‐up in early‐stage breast cancer patients who underwent PBM for ARD. Results suggest that using PBM in breast cancer patients undergoing CF RT does not influence the locoregional recurrence, the development of new primary tumors, or OS.
State‐owned equity participation and private sector enterprises' strategic risk taking: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Xin , Xu Qiong , Guo Fei , Wang Hecheng
Published: October 2022

Whether state‐owned equity participation in private enterprises to implement mixed ownership reform can help the sustainable development of private enterprises has been a widespread topic in recent years. Using data from China's A‐share private listed enterprises from 2014 to 2020, this paper adopts the fixed effect model to examine the impact of state‐owned equity participation on the strategic risk taking of private enterprises. The study finds that state‐owned equity participation can improve private enterprises' strategic risk taking, while alleviating financing constraints and improving corporate governance are important mechanisms. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that when enterprises belong to high‐tech enterprises and the industry competition is relatively high, state‐owned equity participation has a more remarkable effect in promoting strategic risk taking of private enterprises. Further research also finds that state‐owned equity participation can improve enterprises' innovation capability, which is embodied in the increase of patent output. This research enriches the relevant achievements of the mixed ownership reform of private enterprises and has certain theoretical and practical guidance for private enterprises' strategic choice.
Radio‐luminescent imaging for rapid, high‐resolution eye plaque loading verification
Authors: Yan Huagang , De Jean Paul , Grafil Elliot , Ashraf Ramish , Niedermayr Thomas , Astrahan Melvin , Mruthyunjaya Prithvi , Beadle Beth , Xing Lei , Liu Wu
Published: October 2022

Background

Eye plaque brachytherapy is currently an optimal therapy for intraocular cancers. Due to the lack of an effective and practical technique to measure the seed radioactivity distribution, current quality assurance (QA) practice according to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine TG129 only stipulates that the plaque assembly be visually inspected. Consequently, uniform seed activity is routinely adopted to avoid possible loading mistakes of differential seed loading. However, modulated dose delivery, which represents a general trend in radiotherapy to provide more personalized treatment for a given tumor and patient, requires differential activities in the loaded seeds.

Purpose

In this study, a fast and low‐cost radio‐luminescent imaging and dose calculating system to verify the seed activity distribution for differential loading was developed.

Methods

A proof‐of‐concept system consisting of a thin scintillator sheet coupled to a camera/lens system was constructed. A seed‐loaded plaque can be placed directly on the scintillator surface with the radioactive seeds facing the scintillator. The camera system collects the radioluminescent signal generated by the scintillator on its opposite side. The predicted dose distribution in the scintillator's sensitive layer was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation with the planned plaque loading pattern of I‐125 seeds. Quantitative comparisons of the distribution of relative measured signal intensity and that of the relative predicted dose in the sensitive layer were performed by gamma analysis, similar to intensity‐modulated radiation therapy QA.

Results

Data analyses showed high gamma (3%/0.3 mm, global, 20% threshold) passing rates for correct seed loadings and low passing rates with distinguished high gamma value area for incorrect loadings, indicating that possible errors may be detected. The measurement and analysis only required a few extra minutes, significantly shorter than the time to assay the extra verification seeds the physicist already must perform as recommended by TG129.

Conclusions

Radio‐luminescent QA can be used to facilitate and assure the implementation of intensity‐modulated, customized plaque loading.
Nominal geometry and force measures for solids and fluids
Authors: Shabana Ahmed A.
Published: October 2022

Understanding solid‐ and fluid‐inertia forces and their coupling with the gravity potential in complex motion scenarios is necessary for evaluating system stability and identifying root causes of system failure and accidents. Because solids and fluids have an infinite number of degrees of freedom and distributed inertia and elasticity, having meaningful qualitative and quantitative nominal measures of the kinematics and forces will contribute to a better understanding of the system dynamics. This paper proposes developing new continuum‐based nominal measures for the characterization of the oscillations and forces. By using a material‐point approach, these new nominal measures, which have their roots in the continuum‐mechanics partial‐differential equations of equilibrium and Frenet geometry, are independent of the formulation or generalized coordinates used to develop the dynamic equations of motion. The paper proposes a data‐driven‐science approach to define a nominal continuum space‐curve geometry with nominal curvature and torsion; a nominal instantaneous motion plane (IMP), which contains the resultant of all forces including the inertia forces; and a nominal instantaneous zero‐force axis (IZFA) along which the resultant of all forces vanishes. While using the material‐point approach eliminates the need for introducing moment equations associated with orientation coordinates, the IMP and IZFA concepts can be used to define the instantaneous axis of significant moment components, which can lead to accidents such as in the case of vehicle rollovers.
Long‐term device survival after a first implantation of AMS800™ for stress urinary incontinence: Comparison between men and women
Authors: Cotte Juliette , Dechartres Agnès , Mozer Pierre , Poinard Florence , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Beaugerie Aurélien
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The artificial urinary sphincter is the reference treatment for stress urinary incontinence in men, but it remains rarely used in women. This study aimed to compare long‐term device survival between women and men, after the first implantation of an AMS800™ artificial urinary sphincter (Boston Scientific) for the treatment of a non‐neurogenic stress urinary incontinence.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study included all patients with nonneurogenic stress urinary incontinence who underwent surgery in a large‐volume university hospital between 2000 and 2013. The primary outcome was the overall survival of the device, defined as the absence of any repeated surgery (revision or explantation) during follow‐up. Men and women were matched 3:1 according to age and year of implantation. Differences were analyzed using a Cox model accounting for matching and applying time intervals because hazards were not proportional over time. Sensitivity analyzes were performed, excluding firstly a population with a history of radiotherapy and secondly a population with more than one previous surgery for urinary incontinence.

Results

A total of 107 women were matched to 316 men. Median follow‐up was 6.0 years (Q1–Q3 1.8–9.4): 7.0 years (Q1–Q3 3.1–10.3) for women and 5.1 years (Q1–Q3 1.3–9.1) for men. During the follow‐up, 56 patients had an explantation of the device: 44 men (13.9%) and 12 women (11.2%), and 113 had a revision: 85 men (26.9%) and 28 women (26.1%). Men have a significantly higher risk of explantation or revision than women between 6 months and 8 years after implantation (hazard ratio 2.12 [1.29–3.48]). Before 6 months and after 8 years, there were no significant differences. Both sensitivity analyses found consistent results.

Conclusions

This study suggests that device survival seems better in women after the first 6 months.
Nurses' role in the management of persons with chronic urogenital pelvic pain syndromes: A scoping review
Authors: Terzoni Stefano , Ferrara Paolo , Parozzi Mauro , Colombani Federica , Mora Cristina , Cilluffo Silvia , Jeannette Verkerk Geelhoed , Destrebecq Anne , Pinna Barbara , Lusignani Maura , Chiara Sighinolfi , Giorgia Gaia , Rocco Bernardo
Published: October 2022

Background

Pelvic pain has cognitive, behavioral, sexual, and emotional consequences. Nurses involved in pelvic floor rehabilitation clinics have contacts with patients reporting chronic pain and should know the most appropriate service for patient referral, to submit the problem to professionals capable of correctly assessing and managing the condition. Furthermore, in some countries nurses can use conservative methods to treat the painful symptoms inside a multidisciplinary team such as breathing retraining, biofeedback, and noninvasive neuromodulation. This paper aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the role of rehabilitation nurses in dealing with patients suffering from chronic urogenital pelvic pain or urogenital painful syndromes, inside a multidisciplinary team.

Methods

Scoping review on Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science including trials, reviews, case studies or series, and other descriptive studies regarding the role of nurses inside the multidisciplinary team in the management of males and females presenting chronic pelvic pain (CPP) or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).

Results

The 36 papers included in this review allowed answering research questions in four areas of nursing: collecting basic information, referring the person to appropriate services, evidence‐based nursing interventions for CPP and CPPS, and proper documentation. Clinical history and assessment of breathing pattern, Muscular assessment and research of trigger points are the main points of data collection. Techniques for muscular relaxation and breathing retraining are important aspects of treatment, as well as biofeedback and noninvasive neuromodulation where the law allows nurses to practice such techniques. The McGill pain questionnaire and the pain inventory of the International Pain Society allow systematic data collection and handover.

Conclusion

Rehabilitation nurses work inside multidisciplinary teams when dealing with persons suffering from pelvic pain; further research is needed as our comprehension of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of CPP and CPPS evolve.
Are we underestimating urinary retention following intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA in women with overactive bladder and a history of prior pelvic surgery?
Authors: Holmes Angela , Kelsey Ellen , Wombwell Amy , Molesworth Charlotte , McLeod Kathryn
Published: October 2022

Aims

This study's purpose is to review the rates of urinary retention requiring intermittent catheterization (IC) post intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTN/A) injection for idiopathic overactive bladder from a single practicing specialist urological surgeon.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of a single Australian urologist to identify the rate of intermittent catheterization in our clinical setting. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between requirement of IC and risk factors for urinary retention.

Results

Ninety‐four patients were included after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and the average age was 69.7 years (SD 17.2) and all participants were female. Thirty‐six percent (n = 34) of patients required IC. Of patients requiring IC, 32% had a prior urethral sling, 35% had prior vaginal prolapse surgery, and 29% had a preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI). There was strong evidence of univariate associations between IC and prior sling (odds ratio [OR]: 5.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–16.55, p = 0.005), preoperative UTI (OR: 4.25, 95% CI: 1.31–13.08, p = 0.016) and prior vaginal prolapse surgery (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.64–14.72, p = 0.005). Evidence that prior sling patients were more likely to require IC remained strong in a multivariable model (OR: 7.35, 95% CI: 1.59–34.11, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Prior urethral sling surgery, prior vaginal prolapse surgery, and positive preoperative UTI, despite treatment, were found to be associated with a higher rate of initiation of intermittent catheterization. The rate of IC initiation of 36% was higher than reported in prior clinical trials.
d‐mannosuria levels measured 1 h afterd‐mannose intake can select out favorable responders: A pilot study
Authors: Fan Ethan , Dashti Marjan , Fuentes Jorge , Reitzer Larry , Christie Alana L. , Zimmern Philippe E.
Published: October 2022

Background

d‐mannose is used as preventive measure against recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs). We studied
d‐mannosuria after a challenge test to identify favorable responders that could be targeted for long‐term preventive therapy.

Material and Methods

Following institutional review board approval, women attending a specialized tertiary care center urology clinic with a history of RUTIs were invited to participate by providing a urine sample (baseline), followed by the intake of home‐dose d‐mannose, and a second urine sample 1 h later (post). Urine samples were processed according to a
d‐mannosuria assay technique reported previously by our group.
d‐mannose concentrations were normalized to urinary creatinine.

Results

From July 2020 to March 2021, 26 patients met study criteria. Thirteen had a lower or unchanged ratio of baseline to post d‐mannose, whereas 13 were responders. Among 19 taking 2 g, 12 had a lower or unchanged trend and 7 were responders with >20% increase in the
d‐mannose/creatinine ratio. Comparison of urinary baseline
d‐mannose/creatinine ratios was significantly different between the responder (mean = 0.337 ± 0.158) and nonresponder (mean = 0.692 ± 0.444; p = 0.016) groups. Urinary post
d‐mannose/creatinine ratios did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.46).
d‐mannose‐naïve patients had few responders, and age and urinary creatinine did not affect the findings.

Conclusion

This preliminary study on d‐mannose challenge tests indicates a urine response if urinary
d‐mannose/creatinine ratio is low, which it was in some women with a history of RUTIs.
Dietary and nutrition considerations in caring for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Updates for the practicing clinician
Authors: Newberry Carolyn , Kumar Sonal
Published: October 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting up to one‐third of the global population. The disease is defined by excess fat deposition in the liver and has a strong correlation with metabolic syndrome, which, in turn, is also a risk factor for disease progression, including the development of steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although a number of medications are being explored for disease mitigation, nothing is currently approved, and the mainstay of therapy remains dietary and lifestyle intervention that promotes weight loss as well as management of comorbid conditions. The landscape that guides care for patients with NAFLD continues to evolve. Clinicians caring for these patients need to consider underlying disease state and nutrition risk in addition to concurrent related diagnoses, such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia, when formulating treatment plans. The following is a comprehensive review of the current dietary and nutrition considerations in the management of patients with NAFLD, with a special emphasis on implications for the practicing clinician.
A Reputation Built in 60 Years, Gone in 60 Seconds: How to Get It Back
Authors: Coppels Samantha , Villegas Samantha
Published: October 2022

There's a Dutch proverb that says, “Trust comes in by foot and leaves on horseback.” Trust still takes time to build, but it can be lost faster than ever. Daphne Utilities, which serves about 22,000 customers in Daphne, Ala., had earned trust from its community, but when crisis struck the utility in 2018, that trust disappeared.
Properties and characterization of carrot nanocellulose/starch biopolymer nanocomposites
Authors: Hosseinvand Niloofar , Eslahi Niloofar , Abbasian Ali
Published: October 2022

In order to produce bio‐nanocomposites for potential food packaging applications, nanocellulose (NC) was extracted from carrot pulp and different weight fractions of NC (5, 7, and 10 wt%) were incorporated into corn starch, either with or without thyme extract, using the solvent casting process. The particle size of the extracted NC (200–300 nm) was determined using the dynamic light scattering test, and field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of the NC, which was successfully extracted from carrot. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated excellent chemical interactions between the starch and NC. According to SEM images of starch‐NC nanocomposites, uniform dispersion of NC into starch was observed for all formulations. Besides, increasing the proportion of NC up to 10 wt% enhanced the tensile strength of starch nanocomposites by 280%. Since the incorporation of NC into starch increased the crystallinity index of the samples, the water absorption capacity and oxygen transmittance rate tests showed that the presence of NC reduced water and oxygen gas diffusion into the starch matrix. Furthermore, thyme‐loaded nanocomposite had remarkable antimicrobial activity, particularly in the case of gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), as it expanded the bacteria's inhibitory zone by about 10 mm compared with those without an antibacterial agent. Finally, the fabricated bio‐nanocomposites exhibited balanced mechanical characteristics, perfect gas and water barrier properties, as well as promising antibacterial activity for use in the food packaging industry.
Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication
Authors: Chu Jia Sheng , Koay Seong Chun , Chan Ming Yeng , Choo Hui Leng , Ong Thai Kiat
Published: October 2022

This research focused on developing recycled polymer blend filament from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and single‐use polypropylene container for fuse filament fabrication (FFF). In this work, recycled polystyrene (rPS)/recycled polypropylene (rPP) blend was extruded into filament for FFF printing. The increase in printing temperature obviously reduced the air gaps and improved the interlayer adhesion. However, the printed specimen only exhibited optimum tensile strength at printing temperature of 230°C. The printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 80/20 blend ratio showed the lowest tensile strength due to poor printed layers adhesion caused by incompatibility of polymer blend. However, printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 50/50 blend ratio could achieve optimum strength of 32 MPa. The micrographs proved that the voids in printed specimen were smaller or absent when the printing temperature and rPP content in the blend was increased. This means that the increase in print temperature and rPP content displayed a positive effect on the printed specimens. The effect of blend ratio had significantly increased melt flow and crystallinity of rPS/rPP blend when the rPP content was increased in the blend. However, the increase of melt flow and crystallinity led to noticeable warpage on the printed specimen.
AlInP‐passivated III–V solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy
Authors: Boyer Jacob T. , Schulte Kevin L. , Young Matthew R. , Ptak Aaron J. , Simon John
Published: October 2022

We report the development of AlInP‐passivated solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy (D‐HVPE) with AM1.5G efficiencies of 26.0% for single‐junction (1J) GaAs cells and 28.0% for GaInP/GaAs (2J) tandems. We compare the device performance of solar cells passivated with AlInP versus control cells passivated with GaInP, which has already enabled near‐unity carrier collection in GaAs solar cells. 1J devices passivated with either AlInP or GaInP have an identical open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.06 V and long‐wavelength current collection near 95%, indicating that both window materials provide a similar degree of passivation. Adding AlInP passivation to each solar cell structure improves the current collection by 1.3 and 1 mA/cm2 for the 1J and 2J, respectively. The AlInP also results in a top cell VOC boost of ~40 mV relative to a tandem device passivated only by a thin, highly doped GaInP emitter. Secondary‐ion mass spectrometry measurements indicate that although O and Si both incorporate in the AlInP window, they do not appear in the subsequently grown absorber layers and do not impact its ability to passivate the front surface. We expect that these achievements, along with continued optimization, will enable parity of hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy (HVPE)‐grown device efficiencies with state‐of‐the‐art devices grown by other epitaxial methods in the near future.
External validation can provide the clinician with IOS equations that best predict the risk of uncontrolled asthma in their population
Authors: Morphew Tricia , Tirakitsoontorn Pornchai , Galant Stanley P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Peripheral airway impairment (PAI) has been shown to have a close association to risk of uncontrolled asthma in children. However, clear methods have not been established for the clinician to select impulse oscillometry (IOS) reference equations best suited for their population. Our study aimed to develop a practical external validation analytic approach for the clinician to determine which of the available reference equations best predicts uncontrolled asthma for their patients.

Methods

This is a post hoc analyses of data collected at baseline in a randomized controlled study that occurred from March 2016 to 2018. The study population consisted of 227 children, ages 4−18 years, with moderate to severe asthma. Discrimination and calibration predictive performance of available and suitable IOS equations were assessed by using uncontrolled asthma as the criterion outcome. Discrimination statistics of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity served as the primary performance indicators. Rank scores were determined by the number of acceptable limit thresholds met for these measures (≥60%, ≥50%, and ≥60%, respectively) across IOS metrics (R5, R5‐R20, AX, and X5) resulting in a total possible score of 12.

Results

External validity assessment determined the rank order of best to worst equations as being Gochicoa‐Rangel (rank score = 10) > Nowowiejska (rank score = 9) > Assumapcao (rank score = 6) > Amra (rank score = 2). Gochicoa‐Rangel reference equations provided the best option for universal application with accuracy of 73.1%, 72.2%, 76.7%, and 66.2% for R5, R5‐R20, AX, and X5, respectively.

Conclusions

External validation, particularly discrimination in asthmatic children, offers the clinician a practical approach to selecting the most suitable predictive equations for their patients.
Application and mechanisms of metal‐based nanoparticles in the control of bacterial and fungal crop diseases
Authors: Li Yuanbo , Zhang Peng , Li Mingshu , Shakoor Noman , Adeel Muhammad , Zhou Pingfan , Guo Manlin , Jiang Yaqi , Zhao Weichen , Lou BenZhen , Rui Yukui
Published: October 2022

Nanotechnology is a young branch of the discipline generated by nanomaterials. Its development has greatly contributed to technological progress and product innovation in the field of agriculture. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to develop nanopesticides for plant protection. Plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infestations are the main types of crop diseases. Once infected, they will seriously threaten crop growth, reduce yield and quality, and affect food safety, posing a health risk to humans. We reviewed the application of metal‐based nanoparticles in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of metal‐based nanoparticles from two aspects: the direct interaction between nanoparticles and pathogens, and the indirect effects of inducing plant resilience to disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Seasonal turnover and insights into the overwintering biology of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Drahun Ivan , Poole Elise A. , Hunt Katherine A. , van Herk Willem G. , LeMoine Christophe M. , Cassone Bryan J.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

The long‐lived terricolous larvae of click beetles, colloquially called wireworms, pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. Several economically important pest species have been documented in the Canadian Prairies, including Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus abbreviatus. However, most monitoring activities are performed in the early spring and there is evidence from other geographical regions of seasonal shifts in wireworm species composition and prevalence. Further, little is known about the overwintering physiology or behaviors of wireworms, which undoubtedly contribute to their population dynamics.

RESULTS

We surveyed wireworm populations from four Manitoban fields six times throughout the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. Both Hypnoidus species were active throughout the spring and summer; however, L. californicus did not become active until later in the spring. Chill‐coma recovery assays indicated Hypnoidus species recovered quicker than L. californicus from cold acclimation. Vertical migration assays simulating progressively lower ambient temperatures experienced by overwintering larvae identified H. bicolor throughout the soil profile, with L. californicus preferentially found at cooler, shallower depths. We speculate that these differences in species distribution within the soil column are due to the higher levels of putative cryoprotectants (for example, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, glycerol) in L. californicus, as identified by targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

CONCLUSION

Our findings of a stark seasonal turnover in wireworm species prevalence and composition in the Canadian Prairies should be incorporated into future integrated pest management and surveillance activities. This study also advances our understanding of wireworm overwintering biology, which should be factored into current management approaches. © 2022 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada. Pest Management Science © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
Socio‐spatial negotiations in Lisbon: Reflections of working‐aged lifestyle migrants on place and privilege
Authors: Molina Caminero Lea , McGarrigle Jennifer
Published: October 2022

In the context of inequalities inherent in regimes of mobility and the rapid transformation of Lisbon by increased tourism and transnational mobility, this paper seeks to foreground under‐the‐radar narratives of young working‐aged middle‐class migrants on their socio‐spatial positioning in the city. Situated at the nexus of youth mobilities and lifestyle migration, our objective is to examine the stratifications and diversities present within lifestyle migration to the city by focusing on migration motivations and migrants' own reflections on their place‐making strategies and privilege in the city. Based on 10 narrative interviews and participant observation in transnational hangouts, our results reveal how the creation of “alternative” lifestyles is hinged on both mobility practices and local moorings as young movers reinvent themselves professionally in the place of arrival. Our results show that they negotiate their place and social position through (i) balancing place‐consumption practices between what is construed as the transnational and the local and (ii) by situating themselves outside of the subjective residential geography of privileged migrants. This is part of a moral code to appease their political conscience and justify their presence in a city that has been rapidly transformed by tourism and other transient populations.
Discovery of metabolic markers for the discrimination of Helwingia species based on bioactivity evaluation, plant metabolomics, and network pharmacology
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Chen Hao , Song Shaofei , Chen Biying , Li Rongrong , Fu Zhifei , Zhang Zhonglian , Wang Qilong , Han Lifeng
Published: October 2022

Rationale

Helwingia japonica (HJ), a traditional medicinal plant, is commonly used for the treatment of dysentery, blood in the stool, and scald burns. Three major HJ species, Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. (QJY), Helwingia himalaica Hook. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke, and Helwingia chinensis Batal., share great similarities in both morphology and chemical constituents. The discrimination of medicinal plants directly affects their pharmacological and clinical effects. Here, we solved the taxonomy uncertainty of these three HJ species and explored the discrimination and study of other traditional medicines (TMs).

Methods

First, the anti‐inflammatory effects of the three HJ species were compared using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory responses in mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophage (RAW) 264.7 cells. Then, plant metabolomics were performed in 48 batches of samples to discover chemical markers for discriminating different HJ species. Finally, network pharmacology was applied to explore the linkages among constituents, targets, and signaling pathways.

Results

In vitro experiments showed that the QJY exhibited the most potential anti‐inflammatory activities. Meanwhile, 172 compounds were tentatively identified and eight metabolites with higher relative content in QJY were designated as chemical markers to distinguish QJY and the other two species. According to the property of absorbed in vivo, threonic acid, arginine, and tyrosine were selected to construct a component–target–pathway network. The network pharmacology analysis confirmed that the chemotaxonomy differentiation was consistent with the bioactive assessment.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that bioactivity evaluation integrated with plant metabolomics and network pharmacology could be used as an effective approach to discriminate different TMs and discover the active compounds.
Online education viewed through an equity lens: Promoting engagement and success for all learners
Authors: Farley Irish A. , Burbules Nicholas C.
Published: October 2022

Educational technologies have the potential to expand access to education to a wider range of people, including those currently without access to high‐quality learning opportunities. However, this promise is largely unfulfilled (see S. Protopsaltis and S. Baum, Does online education live up to its promise? A look at the evidence and implications for federal policy, 2019, Center for Educational Policy Evaluation). Although technology can remove some barriers, it can also have the opposite effect, creating new inequalities. This meta‐synthesis summarises the main findings from current research that documents both structural and instructional barriers; and proposes research‐supported best practices in online course design and instruction in order to promote greater student satisfaction and success.

Context and implications

Rationale for this studyOnline and blended education has the potential to expand educational opportunities for diverse learners; unfortunately, some aspects of online and blended learning environments can be disadvantageous to certain learners, and instructors need to keep this in mind.

Why the new findings matterThis review summarises the best research‐supported design principles for equitable online learning environments.

Implications for practitionersWe discuss first structural issues: environmental, technical and social factors that practically impede access to equitable online learning for many learners (for example, inadequate access to WiFi connectivity). Our main focus in the paper, however, are instructional impediments and specific strategies for addressing them: these are organised under strategies for course design and organisation; strategies for course content; strategies for more social presence and interaction; and strategies for more instructor presence and connection with students.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus shedding in seropositive pregnant women
Authors: Sapuan Shari , Theodosiou Anastasia A. , Strang Blair L. , Heath Paul T. , Jones Christine E.
Published: October 2022

The detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in an individual's bodily fluid by culture techniques or through HCMV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction, is known as HCMV shedding. Human cytomegalovirus shedding has the potential to transmit HCMV infection, where an individual can become infected with HCMV through contact with the bodily fluid of another individual containing HCMV. Human cytomegalovirus shedding can occur in primary infection and in non‐primary infection for individuals with prior infection (HCMV seropositive). Human cytomegalovirus infection causes few or no symptoms in a pregnant woman, but can cause significant harm to her foetus if congenital CMV (cCMV) infection occurs. The association between HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive pregnant women and the vertical transmission of HCMV to result in cCMV infection is poorly investigated, challenged by a limited understanding of the distribution of HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive pregnant women. We systematically reviewed the published literature to describe the prevalence of HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive women during pregnancy up to delivery. This analysis identified nine studies that met our eligibility criteria. In these studies, the prevalence of HCMV shedding in any bodily fluid of HCMV seropositive women during pregnancy and at delivery ranged from 0% to 42.5%. A meta‐analysis, performed on six of the nine studies with suitable sample sizes, estimated a pooled prevalence of 21.5% [95% CI 12.7%,30.3%]. To our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically search the literature to summarise the prevalence of HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive pregnant women. These estimates can help in the development of disease burden models and therapeutic or preventative strategies against cCMV infection in the context of non‐primary maternal HCMV infection.
Sublime reason: when Isaac Asimov met Jay Forrester
Authors: Malczynski Leonard A , Lane David C.
Published: October 2022

This article describes an encounter between servomechanism innovator, digital computing pioneer and creator of system dynamics, Jay Forrester, and Isaac Asimov, renowned author of science fiction (including “The Foundation Trilogy” and its fictional discipline of psychohistory) and works of popular science. Their lengthy exchange took place at a workshop in 1975 and four descriptions of it are extant. What emerges in passing is a possible link between Asimov's thinking and Forrester's work on “World Dynamics”. Most notable, however, is that the encounter saw the two exchanging ideas on how to think about the future, how to bring about a desirable future, and quite what that desirable future should look like. The two had fundamental differences on key points. The paper explores the unusual interaction, drawing out the points of disagreement and agreement in the views of the two and how they applied these to thinking about the future. © 2022 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
The Benefits of an Integrated Liaison Psychiatry and Dermatology Service for Complex Dermatology Patients—A Case Series
Authors: Roberts Victoria , Chan Jonathan , Davies Jo , Angus Janet
Published: October 2022

Psychodermatology is a specialist area which refers to the assessment and treatment of the psychosocial aspects of dermatology. This includes the management of patients with primary psychiatric disorders, psychosocial co-morbidities of existing skin disease or psychological distress caused by their skin conditions. We report the benefits and cost savings of a recent pilot of an integrated service of a consultant dermatologist and a liaison psychiatrist providing coordinated care to complex psychodermatology patients.
Strip Thickness and Profile–Flatness Prediction in Tandem Hot Rolling Process Using Mechanism Model‐Guided Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Xiaojun , Sun Jie , Liu Guangming , Li Huaying , Ji Yafeng
Published: October 2022

This study is focused on the multivariable, nonlinear, strong‐coupling, and time‐varying characteristics of the quality control process of hot strip rolling. Using the rolling process data from a continuously variable crown (CVC) mill of a 1580 mm hot tandem rolling line, a new prediction model of the strip thickness, profile, and flatness in hot rolling based on rolling mechanism model‐guided machine learning (ML) is developed. The weighted processing (WP) method is used to fuse the rolling mechanism and process data, to improve the relationship between the strong correlation features and the model. Combined with nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA‐III), multiple parameters of multioutput support vector regression (M‐SVR) are optimized. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE), mean square correlation coefficient (R
2), and mean absolute error (MAE) of the strip thickness, crown, and flatness are 2.0159, 1.3191, and 0.9355; 0.9854, 0.9895, and 0.9873; and 16.601, 1.126, and 0.604, respectively. Moreover, the established method of data fusion rolling mechanism shows strong capability to improve the model prediction accuracy, increasing it by 60%. Thus, it can offer theoretical guidance for realizing accurate control of the quality of strips and improving the quality of hot‐rolled products.
UEG and EAES rapid guideline: Update systematic review, network meta‐analysis, CINeMA and GRADE assessment, and evidence‐informed European recommendations on surgical management of GERD
Authors: Markar Sheraz , Andreou Alexandros , Bonavina Luigi , Florez Ivan D. , Huo Bright , Kontouli Katerina‐Maria , Low Donald E. , Mavridis Dimitris , Maynard Nick , Moss Alan , Pera Manuel , Savarino Edoardo , Siersema Peter , Sifrim Daniel , Watson David I. , Zaninotto Giovanni , Antoniou Stavros A.
Published: October 2022

Background

There are several options for the surgical management of GERD in adults. Previous guidelines and systematic reviews have compared the effects of total fundoplication versus pooled effects of different techniques of partial fundoplication.

Objective

To develop evidence‐informed, trustworthy, pertinent recommendations on the use of total, posterior partial and anterior partial fundoplications for the management of GERD in adults.

Methods

We performed an update systematic review, network meta‐analysis, and evidence appraisal using the GRADE and the Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis methodologies. An international, multidisciplinary panel of surgeons, gastroenterologists, and a patient representative reached unanimous consensus through an evidence‐to‐decision framework to select among multiple interventions, and a Delphi process to formulate the recommendation. The project was developed in an online authoring and publication platform (MAGICapp), and was overseen by an external auditor.

Results

We suggest posterior partial fundoplication over total posterior or anterior 90° fundoplication in adult patients with GERD. We suggest anterior >90° fundoplication as an alternative, although relevant comparative evidence is limited (weak recommendation). The guideline, with recommendations, evidence summaries and decision aids in user friendly formats can also be accessed in MAGICapp: https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/j20X4n.

Conclusion

This rapid guideline was developed in line with highest methodological standards and provides evidence‐informed recommendations on the surgical management of GERD. It provides user‐friendly decision aids to inform healthcare professionals' and patients' decision making.
Re: Automatic identification and segmentation of slice of minimal hiatal dimensions in transperineal ultrasound volumes
Authors: Chen T.‐T. , Fang J.‐H. , Long C.‐Y.
Published: October 2022

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on van den Noort et al. Click here to view the article.
Prenatal diagnosis of non‐immune hydrops fetalis: whole‐exome sequencing or whole‐genome sequencing?
Authors: Lin X.‐M. , Li D.‐Z.
Published: October 2022

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Westenius et al. Click here to view the article.
Outcomes associated with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum diagnosed in utero
Authors: Jiang F. , Li D.‐Z.
Published: October 2022

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Lanna et al. Click here to view the article.
An Examination of Bookshelves in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic as a “Liminal Space”
Authors: Towheed Shafquat
Published: October 2022

In the space of a few weeks in 2020, the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus into a global pandemic has changed the way we work, live, interact and communicate with one another. One highly unexpected result of the massive rise in homeworking has been an extraordinary exposure of domestic bookshelves, which in the famous words of Amanda Hess, have become the “quarantine’s hottest accessory” (New York Times, May 1, 2020). Personal bookshelves had hitherto been jealously guarded, a marker for personal taste and shared only with the select few invited into their owners’ households and allowed to scan the titles on display. This physically delimited space has now been unleashed upon the world: where once few people could look at the books on our shelves, now theoretically, almost everyone can. The pandemic bookshelf has accidently been fashioned into the most ubiquitous liminal zone anywhere: it is the ostensibly private and personal backdrop for the staging of our public, digitally mediated, professional existence. Drawing upon theoretical perspectives from anthropology, psychology and literary theory, this chapter explores the many ways in which the private-public bookshelf has become the cultural liminal space par excellence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Asynchronous Tools for Interaction and Collaboration
Authors: Davidson-Shivers Gayle , Rand Angela
Published: October 2022

The shift from conventional classrooms to the use of various types of distributed education is well documented in the literature. This shift occurred over the past 30 years, if not longer. Open, distance, and digital education (or ODDE) has become ubiquitous in education and training in a variety of settings such as the military, business, higher education, and K12 schools. More recently, ODDE has seen a rise in use in other settings, such as health care organizations. Although both synchronous and asynchronous technologies are available for teaching and learning, it appears that asynchronous tools are predominant in these settings. The use of asynchronous tools is the primary focus of this chapter, with consideration of both the technologies employed and the strategies applied. The purposes are to summarize their appropriate uses in terms of collaborative learning and share any insights to guide future research and practice. The chapter begins with a brief definition of terms used in this chapter along with descriptions of the types and purposes of asynchronous tools. The chapter culminates in directions for future research as well as any improvements in ODDE practice.
Theory for Invisible Thermal Sensors: Bilayer Scheme
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we propose a bilayer scheme with isotropic materials to design invisible thermal sensors with detecting accuracy. Therefore, the original temperature fields in the sensor and matrix can keep unchanged. By solving the linear Laplace equation with a temperature-independent thermal conductivity, we derive two groups of thermal conductivities to realize invisible thermal sensors, even considering geometrically anisotropic cases. These results can be directly extended to thermally nonlinear cases with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, as long as the ratio between the nonlinear thermal conductivities of the sensor and matrix is a temperature-independent constant. These explorations are beneficial to temperature detection and provide insights into thermal camouflage.
Theory for Effective Advection Effect: Spatiotemporal Modulation
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we introduce spatiotemporal modulation to realize thermal wave nonreciprocity. The major mechanism is the effective advection effect of spatiotemporal modulation in an open thermal system. We further analyze the phase difference between two spatiotemporally modulated parameters, which offers a tunable parameter to control nonreciprocity. We further define a rectification ratio based on the reciprocal of spatial decay rates and discuss the nonreciprocity conditions accordingly. Finite-element simulations are performed to confirm theoretical predictions, and experimental suggestions are provided to ensure the feasibility of spatiotemporal modulation. These results have potential applications in realizing thermal detection and thermal stabilization simultaneously.
Theory for Negative Thermal Transport: Complex Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Xu Liu-Jun , Huang Ji-Ping
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, we coin a complex thermal conductivity whose imaginary part corresponds to the real part of a complex refractive index. Therefore, the thermal counterpart of a negative refractive index is just a negative imaginary thermal conductivity, featuring the opposite directions of energy flow and wave vector in thermal conduction and advection, thus called negative thermal transport herein. We design an open system with energy exchange and explore three different cases to reveal negative thermal transport to avoid violating causality. We further provide experimental suggestions with a solid ring structure. All finite-element simulations agree with the theoretical analyses, indicating that negative thermal transport is physically feasible. These results have potential applications such as designing the inverse Doppler effect in thermal conduction and advection.