bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzes of Life World of a Young Girl With Myasthenia Gravis: Qualitative Case Study
Authors:   Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran., Khodabakhshi-Koolaee Anahita , Pourebrahimi Mohammad ,   Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder and auto-immune disease that is associated with symptoms of fluctuating muscle fatigue and dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction system. This disease greatly affects various aspects of the patient's life and impacts the person's perception of the quality of life. The aim of this study was to explain and analyze life experiences with myasthenia gravis disease in a young girl. Methods & Materials: This report is a qualitative case with interpretive phenomenological approach that examines the life experiences of a young girl with myasthenia gravis in 2019. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Van Manen's phenomenological approach. Ethical Considerations: This study was registered in the Research Ethics Committee of Khatam University (Code: 3299/100/P/98). Results: Thematic analysis indicated that myasthenia gravis disease affects all aspects of person's life world. These four aspects include living and feelings with time, body, space, and others. Eventually, three interrelated themes emerged from the patient's perception of the world around her, including physical weakness, future ambiguity, and frustration. Conclusion: The present study shows a clear image and understanding of the problems of living with MG in a young girl. The phenomenological world of mixed by physical weakness, ambiguity in the future, and frustration that indicating the suffering and distress that the patient experiences following the illness. The results of this study contribute to the awareness of health and rehabilitation specialists in the field of work and research in myasthenia gravis as a neurological disease.
Investigating the Causes of Death in the Injured of Traffic Accidents Referred to Vali-Asr Hospital in Arak, Based on Oral Autopsy and Forensic Autopsy
Authors:   Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Aral University of Medical sciences, Arak, Iran., Jamalian Mohammad , Eslamdost Mohsen ,   Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Aral University of Medical sciences, Arak, Iran., Rezaee Ali ,   Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Aral University of Medical sciences, Arak, Iran., Alizadeh Shabanali ,   Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Aral University of Medical sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: The deaths caused by traffic accidents are one of the three leading causes of death in Iran. Considering that all deaths from traffic accidents in the forensic organization are undergoing autopsy and also in the treatment centers under oral autopsies, the cause of death is determined, we determined that the cause of reported death from oral autopsy and medical autopsy Compare the law. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study, patients who were admitted to the forensic medical center during the year 1395 admitted to the Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Arak, were referred. The causes of death in Vali-asr Hospital were evaluated and compared with the outcome of the forensic oral hearing.  Ethical Considerations: This study ethcally approved by the ethics committee of the Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.226). Results: In this study, 109 patients (1.33%) died from a total of 8153 patients with traffic accidents referred to Valiasr hospital in Arak. Of these, 68.8% were male and 31.2% were women. The Mean±SD age of the patients died was 44.03±22.43 years. Also, 59.6% of the dead died during the first 24 hours of the accident. The most common cause of death, according to the results of oral autopsy, was “multiple injuries,” accounting for 49.5% of the patients in 45 patients. Conclusion: Abundance of deaths among patients with road traffic accidents and they referred to Valiasr hospital, which was 1.33%. According to the existing standards and considering that the mortality rate in this center is less than 1.5%. It seems that the level of service delivery in this center is favorable.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS NASKAH DRAMA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA SHORT FILM PADA PESERTA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 3 JOMBANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Affandi Ali Nuke
Published: November 2020

Students think that writing skill is difficult because students determine to be difficult to convey their thoughts, ideas, or opinions into a piece of writing. To deal with this problem, it is very necessary to have a media to facilitate students to convey thoughts, ideas, or opinions into a writing. The lack of instructional media used by teachers in the teaching and learning process also causes a sense of laziness and limited ideas on students to take a theme and make it to a complete drama script. This study aims to improve students’ writing skill of drama scripts for VIII B students at SMPN 3 Jombang by using instructional media in the form of short film. Learning by using the short film as media is a mean for teaching writing drama scripts by utilizing listening activities and writing important things  in the film being watched. Then this activity is developed into drama scripts according to the elements, structure and rules of drama.The research method used in this study is a classroom action research conducted for two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. Each cycle has four steps including planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. This research uses analysis techniques in the form of qualitative descriptive analysis.Based on the result of the study, the use of Short Film as a media improve the students’ writing skill of drama scripts in the eighth grade students of SMPN 3 Jombang. The media has improved students’ writing skill at each stage of the cycle, this can be seen from the improvement in the average value of students during pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II. In the pre-cycle stage, the average value of students gets 66.75. In the first cycle, it has increased the average value to 73.25 and in the second cycle, it has also increased to 84.5.
PROBLEMATIKA BERBICARA PADA ANAK PENDERITA GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT DELAY DI SD ISLAM ROUSHON FIKR JOMBANG
Authors: Farida Deviana
Published: November 2020

Berbicara merupakan salah satu modal dalam proses komunikasii seseorang. Namun seseorang memiliki kemampuan berbicara masing-masing. Seseorang yang memiliki gangguan khusus dapat menimbulkan problematika dalam proses berbicaranya. Penelitian ini akan membahas tentang problematika berbicara yang terjadi terhadap seorang anak penderita global development delay. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi gangguan berbicara pada penderita tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dalam pengambilan data peneliti secara langsung mengambil data yang berupa rekaman video dan audio dari proses interaksi social penderita gangguan tersebut di SD Islam Roushon Fikr. Data pendukung lainnya merupakan hasil wawancara dengan shadow theacher atau guru pendamping anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah tersebut. Kemudian data tersebut disalin dlam bentuk transkrip. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian tersebut ialah seorang anak penderita gangguan global development delay atau keterlambatan perkembangan umum mengalami gangguan berbicara disebabkan syaraf pada bagian alat ucap mengalami gangguan sehingga penderita mengalami kesulitan dalam mengujarkan kata atau kalimat. Kalimat yang diucapkan pun terdengar tidak jelas, bahkan dikarenakan adanya keterlambatan perkembangan umum dalam pemahaman menangkap informasi yang diujarkan juga kurang.
HEGEMONI ORANG TUA TERHADAP ANAK DALAM NOVEL “SANG PENDIDIK” KARYA AGUK IRAWAN MN (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Safira Alfaza
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan objek novel “ Sang Pendidik” karya Aguk Irawan MN. Novel ini menceritakan hegemoni yang dilakukan tokoh-tokoh didalam novel yang mempengaruhi untuk mengikuti ideologinya dengan mengajak dalam hal kebaikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan dan mendeskripsikan hegemoni yang dilakukan tokoh orang tua terhadap anak dalam novel “Sang Pendidik” karya Aguk Irawan MN.Pada penelitian ini menggunakan Metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara pengumpulan data teknik pustaka dan dokumen. Sumber data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari novel “Sang Pendidik” karya Aguk Irawan MN yang diterbitkan oleh Qalam Nusantara. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis pembaca hermeniotik yaitu dengan tahap membaca, menandai, mengkode, interpretasi dan penyajian kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian ini membahas hegemoni orang tua terhadap anak yang dilakukan oleh tokoh Martokan sebagai ayah dan Kasiyami sebagai ibu yang mempengaruhi anaknya dengan memberikan nasihat dan penjelasan agar sang anak menjadi anak yang baik, patuh, da rajin.
Feelings of Figures in Novel Notes Juang Fiersa Besari (Personality Ludwig Klages)
Authors: Soleha Faridatus
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the feelings of the characters in the novel Juang Notes by Fiersa Bersari and researchers analyze using personality theory originated by Ludwig Klages by focusing his study on the personality structure of feelings. Feeling is a process of someone accepting or rejecting something in life. This study uses a qualitative approach by using library techniques to obtain data that will produce a description of the words or sentences in the observed study. In the analysis of this research using the hermeutics technique, in the hermeutics technique there are several stages, namely reading the research object in this study in the form of a fighting journal, the second gives a mark on the data that has been obtained from the reading results, the third provides code or coding on the data that has been found, and the fourth is to analyze data that has been obtained from the object of research in accordance with the specified research focus. Novel Notes Juang by Fiersa Besari is a novel that can be used as an inspiration for readers in living life. Based on the results of the study it was found that in the Fighting Notes novel there is a feeling that is divided into inner activities and the level of clarity, inner activities in the novel in the form of fear and guilt while viewed from the level of clarity in the form of happiness, sadness and longing.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection and Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Sima Septian , Abdullah Nusratuddin , Arifuddin Sharvianty , Irinta Trika , Tessy Telly
Published: November 2020

Objective: To determine the relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patient with ruptured ectopic pregnancy through examination of endocervical swabs, tubal tissue using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Enzyme linked immunoabsorb and assay (ELISA) serum IgG antibodies Specific to Chlamydia trachomatis.Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. In this study, there were 50 participants consisting of 25 ruptured ectopic pregnancy patients and 25 non-ruptured ectopic pregnancy patients who underwent treatment at Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital as well as networking hospitals at the Universitas Hasanuddin in Makassar City.Results: The results showed that Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients with ruptured ectopic pregnancies was found to be 84% positive in tubal tissue, 72% with endocervical swabs and 64% with serum examination. There was a significant relationship between chlamydial tracheal infection obtained through examination of tubal tissue, endocervical swab and specific serum IgG in patients with ruptured ectopic pregnancy (p <0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that Chlamydia trachomatis infection can significantly affect the occurrence of ruptured ectopic pregnancy.Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis, endocervical swab, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, serum IgG, tubal tissue.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui hubungan infeksi Chlamydia trachomatis pada pasien penderita Kehamilan Ektopik Terganggu (KET) melalui swab endoserviks dan jaringan tuba menggunakan pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dan Enzyme linked immunoabsorb and assay (ELISA).Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan desain studi potong lintang. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 50 orang partisipan yang terdiri atas 25 orang pasien kehamilan ektopik terganggu dan 25 orang pasien non-kehamilan ektopik terganggu yang menjalani pengobatan di RSUP Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo serta RS jejaring Universitas Hasanuddin di Kota Makassar.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infeksi Chlamydia trachomatis pada pasien dengan kehamilan ektopik tergangu didapatkan sebesar 84% positif di jaringan tuba, 72% dengan swab endoserviks dan 64% dengan pemeriksaan serum. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara infeksi klamidia trakomatis yang didapatkan melalui pemeriksaan jaringan tuba, swab endoserviks maupun serum IgG spesifik pasien kehamilan ektopik terganggu (p<0,001).Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa infeksi Chlamydia trachomatis secara signifikan dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya kehamilan ektopik terganggu.Kata kunci : chlamydia trachomatis, jaringan tuba, kehamilan ektopik terganggu, swab endoserviks, serum IgG
Antepartum Perineal Massages is Effective to Prevent Intrapartum Perineal Rupture
Authors: Meo Maria L. N.
Published: November 2020

Objective: To provide a summary of evidence about the benefi ts and effectiveness of perineal massage in preventing perineal rupture during labour.Methods: Evidence-based review of research articles with an evidence-based level 1a.Results: Intervention of perineal massage not only reduced the incidence of perineal rupture but also reduced the incidence of episiotomy requiring stitches, as well as reducing perineal pain after 3 months of postpartum.Conclusions: Perineal massage intervention is an intervention that is easy to do, effective, inexpensive, and has the potential to benefi t more than the potential harm in preventing perineal rupture.Keywords: intrapartum, perineal massage, perineal rupture.AbstrakTujuan: memberikan ringkasan bukti penelitian tentang manfaat dan efektifi tas dari pijat perineum dalam mencegah ruptur perineum selama persalinan.Metode: evidence-based review dengan level evidence based 1a.Hasil: Intervensi pijat perineum tidak hanya menurunkan insiden ruptur perineum tetapi juga menurunkan insiden episiotomi yang membutuhkanj jahitan, serta mengurangi nyeri perineum setelah 3 bulan postpartum.Kesimpulan: Intervensi pijat perineum merupakan intervensi yang mudah untuk dilakukan, efektif, murah, serta mempunyai potensi menguntungkan lebih banyak daripada potensi merugikan dalam mencegah ruptur perineum.Kata kunci: intrapartum, pijat perineum, ruptur perineum.
A Preliminary Study: The Effectiveness of CO2 Laser Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Moegni Fernandi , Chan Nadir , Santoso Budi I. , Surya Raymond , Tanamas Leonardo
Published: November 2020

Objective: To evaluate the role of fractioned CO2 laser intravaginal as a non-invasive treatment for relieving stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms.Methods: This was a prospective, quasi-experimental study in patients with SUI. The patients were treated through three different sessions in a month apart by the fractioned CO2 laser Femilift©, produced by Alma Lasers. The patients fi lled and completed questionnaires about continence assessment, quality of life, and sexuality before and after therapy based on PISQ-12 and ICIQ-UI questionnaire. Perineometry was performed to prove the outcome.Results: Twenty women were enrolled. At 4 weeks following the third treatment, there was a signifi cant improvement for continence assessment (7.70 ± 4.38 to 4.50 ± 2.88; p < 0.001), quality of life and sexuality (28.13 ± 7.06 to 33.13 ±7.80; p < 0.001), and vaginal perineometer results (37.20 ± 17.24 to 48.80 ± 16.72; p = 0.009).Conclusions: Fractioned CO2 intravaginal laser has a role in improving SUI symptoms.Keywords: fractioned CO2 laser, stress urinary incontinence, vaginal rejuvenation.

AbstrakTujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi laser CO2 terfraksi intravaginal sebagai terapi non-invasif untuk mengurangi gejala inkontinensia urine (IU) tipe tekanan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi prospektif, quasieksperimental pada pasien dengan inkontinensia urin (IU) tipe tekanan yang mengikuti terapi laser CO2 terfraksi intravaginal tiga sesi berbeda, dengan jarak satu bulan menggunakan laser CO2 terfraksi Femilift© dari Alma Lasers. Subjek mengisi kuesioner mengenai penilaian kontinensia, kualitas hidup dan kehidupan seksual sebelum dan sesudah terapi (kuesioner PISQ-12 dan ICIQ-UI). Selain kuesioner, pemeriksaan perineometri juga dilakukan pada beberapa subjek penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas terapi.Hasil: Dua puluh subjek ikut dalam penelitian ini. Penilaian pada minggu keempat setelah sesi terapi ketiga, menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifi kan pada penilaian kontinensia (7.70 ± 4.38 ke 4.50 ± 2.88; p < 0.001), pada kualitas hidup dan kehidupan seksual (28.13 ± 7.06 ke 33.13 ±7.80; p < 0.001), dan pada hasil perineometri (37.20 ± 17.24 ke 48.80 ± 16.72; p = 0.009).Kesimpulan: Terapi laser CO2 terfraksi intravaginal menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk mengurangi gejalainkontinensia urine (IU) tipe tekanan.Kata kunci: inkontinensia urin tipe tekanan, terapi laser CO2 terfraksi intravaginal, vaginal rejuvenation.
A Mátra turisztikai teljesítménye és legújabb turisztikai trendjei
Authors: Benkő Béla , Szőke Szilvia , Gyurkó Ádám , Zsarnóczky Martin , Bujdosó Zoltán
Published: November 2020

A Mátra az Észak-magyarországi régióban, Heves megyében és Nógrád megyében található, mely bár két megyét érint mégis földrajzi egységként jól körülhatárolható, és márkásítható turisztikai termék. A tanulmány célja, hogy statisztikai adatokkal és terepi felmérésekkel igazolt új trendeket mutasson be, illetve értékelje a desztináció turisztikai teljesítményét a hazai piacon.
Spatial Variability Assessment on The High-resolution Chlorophyll-a Extraction from Landsat 8and Sentinel 2 Imageries in Johor Waters
Authors: Ridzuan Fatin Nabihah Syahira , Md Reba Mohd Nadzri , Mohd Din Monaliza , Hashim Mazlan , Teen Lim Po , Ibrahim Zaharah , Abdul-Wahab Mohd Firdaus
Published: November 2020

High resolution Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) can indicate the trophic status of the water and provide useful information on optical features of water body in water quality monitoring. Remote sensing has great potential to offer the spatial and temporal coverage needed. Over the last decades the Sea WIFS and MODIS were applied, but not suitable due to the low spatial resolution for monitoring Chl-a in coastal area. However, the retrieval of Chl-a in the coastal region is usually challenging due to the other in-water substances regardless of Chl-a, hence resulting in the satellite retrieved Chl-a overestimation. By the advancement of the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellites, continuous high resolution optical imageries have served for remarkable coastal mapping capability thanks to the spectroscopic capability certain spectral bands and as high as 10-meter spatial resolution. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of the SEADASS and SNAP processor for Chl-a estimation from the Operational Land Imager (OLI)and MultiSpectral Instrument(MSI) data in Johor waters. The representative models, in standard algorithm OC3and C2RCC, were adapted to retrieve Chl-a concentration. The statistical regression has shown that these algorithms give an acceptable Chl-a estimation at medium and high resolution with R2=0.44 from OC3and R2=0.55from C2RCC comparing to the in-situ data. Despite of the spatial, temporal and spectral variability, this paper shows that OLI and MSI could provide Chl-a mapping capability at suitable Chl-a estimation techniques.
Verbraucherschutz durch Kapitalmarktaufsicht
Authors: Wilfinger Alexander
Published: November 2020

Produktintervention und Produktgenehmigungsverfahren aus zivilrechtlicher Perspektive Verbraucherschutz findet nicht nur im Zivilrecht statt, auch das Verwaltungsrecht greift immer tiefer in die Beziehung zwischen Unternehmen und deren Kunden ein. Besonders bemerkbar macht sich diese Entwicklung am unter strenger Aufsicht stehenden Kapitalmarkt. Hier wurden mit der Produktintervention und dem Produktgenehmigungsverfahren jüngst zwei Mechanismen geschaffen, die Aufsichtsbehörden unmittelbar in den Dienst des Anlegerschutzes stellen. Dieses Werk untersucht die neuen aufsichtsrechtlichen Maßstäbe aus einer zivilrechtlichen Perspektive und bietet neben konkreten Lösungen auch Antworten auf Strukturfragen an der Schnittstelle von Zivil- und Verwaltungsrecht.
Medical Undergraduates’ Perceptions on Medical Humanities Course in Nepal
Authors: Helen Amanda Douglas , Subedi Madhusudan , Gongal Rajesh
Published: November 2020

Background: Medical humanities is taught in medical schools in the  western countries, partly to address the lack of compassion within healthcare. It seeks to develop understanding of human experiences relating to disease, disability and death, through humanities, arts and social sciences. In 2018, Patan Academy of Health Sciences Nepal introduced an eight-week medical humanities course for new medical students. This study aims to evaluate the course from the student participants’ view, exploring their perceptions and experiences.

Methods: A mixed method study was used to assess the perceptions of  65 students who completed a semi-structured survey, comprising eight items, with five point- Likert scale and three open response questions. Quantitative data was analysed with results expressed as mean, standard deviation and percentage. Qualitative data was coded and analysed thematically.

Results: The students’ perception of the course was strongly positive where 98.5% agreed or strongly agreed it was enjoyable and interesting (items 1,2) and should be continued (item 9). 97% agreed or strongly agreed it made them think differently (item 5) and 96.9% that it was relevant to future careers (item 6). 96.9% agreed or strongly agreed the course helped them understand doctor’s caring roles (item 10) and 92.3% believed it will make them better doctors (item 11). Three themes emerged from open response questions related to perceptions- enjoyable and interesting, positive personal impact and valuable and important.

Conclusions: The students had positive perceptions of the medical humanities course, recognizing its’ impact, importance and its value in medical education. Its expansion in the undergraduate curriculum should be considered.

Keywords: Evaluation;medical humanities; Nepal; perceptions;students
Sulfonilureas, su uso actual en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Pando-Alvarez Rosa María
Published: November 2020

Se hace una revisión actual de las sulfonilureas como hipoglicemiantes orales en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, particularmente de las sulfonilureas de segunda y tercera generación; asi como de su mecanismo de acción, riesgo cardiovascular, sus efectos adversos y su recomendación según las guías de la ADA, AACE y ALAD y su indicación en pacientes infectados con COVID-19.
El problema del Cáncer de Mama
Authors: Calderon--Velasco Rolando
Published: November 2020

Según datos de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, cada año en las Américas más de 462 000 mujeres son diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama, y más de 100 000 mueren a causa de esta enfermedad.
Papel de la inhibidores de la absorción de la glucosa SGLT2 en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Gamarra-González Dante Américo
Published: November 2020

Se revisa la fisiopatología renal de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Se analiza el enfoque que rompe el paradigma de tratar al paciente diabético solo mediante el control de la glicemia. Se revisa el mecanismo de acción de los llamados cotransportadores de sodio-glucosa2 (SGLT2), sus indicaciones, seguridad cardiovascular, efectos pleiotrópicos, los potenciales efectos adversos y su papel en disminuir la severidad y mortalidad por complicaciones cardiovasculares y renales. Los tres principales inhibidores de SGLT2 (dapagliflozina, canagliflozina y empagliflozina) han demostrado eficacia como monoterapia o en combinación con insulina o con otros hipoglicemiantes orales en el tratamiento de la DM2. Provocan pérdida significativa de peso, efecto positivo sobre la presión arterial y producen cambios del perfil lipídico.
Situación del Cáncer en el Perú
Authors: Vallejos-Sologuren Carlos S.
Published: November 2020

El cáncer es uno de los problemas de salud pública en muchos países o regiones del mundo. La incidencia, mortalidad y la prevalencia del cáncer, permiten cuantificar la magnitud de esta patología y orientan las políticas públicas en relación a la prevención y los servicios de salud. El elevado costo económico y social que representa la atención de estos pacientes, hace que la prevalencia, forma de evolución y pronóstico difieran de un país a otro. En el Perú, el cáncer representa la primera causa de muerte. Para el año 2018, según Globocan, se diagnosticaron más de 66 mil nuevos casos y se registraron más de 33 mil muertes por cáncer. Las tres patologías más frecuentes en las mujeres fueron cáncer de mama (19%), cérvix (11%) y cáncer de estómago (7%), en los hombres cáncer de próstata (25%), estómago (10%) y colorrectal (7%); y las principales causas de muerte fueron por cáncer de estómago (13.9%), pulmón (8.6%) y próstata (8.2%). La tasa de incidencia fue de 192.6 y la tasa de mortalidad de 92.9 por 100,000 personas, respectivamente; según la localización del tumor, la tasa de incidencia de cáncer de próstata fue de 47.8, mama 40.0, cérvix 23.2 y de estómago 16.1, y la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de próstata fue de 15.6, estómago 12.8, mama 10.3 y de cérvix 10.2 por 100,000, respectivamente. La prevalencia estimada a un año fue de 42,849 casos, a tres años 104,007 y a 5 años 150,132 casos; las patologías más prevalentes en los hombres fueron cáncer de próstata, colorrectal y LNH, en las mujeres fueron cáncer de mama, cérvix y tiroides. La razón de mortalidad e incidencia, que permiten cuantificar la letalidad de la enfermedad en nuestro medio, siguen siendo altas en neoplasias como cáncer de hígado, páncreas, estómago y pulmón. La tasa de incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer siguen incrementándose en nuestra población en relación al reporte del período 2012; es posible que estos incrementos sean una consecuencia de los cambios de la estructura de edad de la población, adopción de estilos de vida sedentaria, dieta no saludable y entre otros factores.
Terapia antineoplásica agnóstica
Authors: Gómez-Moreno Henry , Mas-López Luis , Neciosup-Delgado Silvia , Valencia-Mesías Guillermo Arturo , Rioja-Viera Patricia Elizabeth
Published: November 2020

En el concepto de medicina de precisión, La oportunidad de tratamiento, es el atacar algún elemento vulnerable de las células tumorales como con defectos en los mecanismo de reparación del ADN, este defecto de reparación origina epitopes genéticamente anormales producidos por la células neoplásica lo cual las hace susceptibles de ser tratadas por los inhibidores del punto de control inmune.
Dr. Roger Guerra-García (1933-2020). Roger Guerra-García en la Grandes Alturas
Authors: Gonzales Gustavo F.
Published: November 2020

El Dr. Roger Guerra-García en horas de la tarde de un 11 de agosto de 2020 se ha alejado físicamente de la vida terrenal para dejar perennizado su mensaje de amor al prójimo; falleció dejando como legado sus grandes enseñanzas de cuales numerosas promociones de estudiantes del pregrado y postgrado entre los que me cuento fuimos sus discípulos. El Dr. Roger Guerra-García se recibió en el año 1959 de médico-cirujano en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM).
Derrocando al cáncer. Breve reseña histórica de la oncología médica en el Perú
Authors: Morales-Soto Nelson Raúl
Published: November 2020

Menciona el autor en la Introducción: “En el desarrollo cronológico de la cancerología, hoy denominada oncología, se observan tres etapas para su consolidación. Primero fue la oncología quirúrgica, la única modalidad terapéutica por muchos, años; luego le siguió la oncología radioterápica y, por último, llegó la era de la oncología médica.
El COVID-19 en Latinoamérica. Una crisis humanista, incluso en el Perú
Authors: Calderón-Velasco Rolando
Published: November 2020

Latinoamérica tiene una de las tasas de mortalidad más altas por el coronavirus. La atención se ha fijado en Brasil, pero toda la región está sufriendo una crisis humanitaria derivada de la inestabilidad política, la corrupción, la agitación social, los frágiles sistemas de salud y quizá lo más importante, la desigualdad social en las rentas percibidas, en la calidad de la salud y la educación, factores que se han incorporado en losocial y económico en la región. Se estima que 231 millones de habitantes en Latinoamérica vivirán en la pobreza al final del 2020, alcanzando un nivel de vida visto hace 15 años debido a las peores desigualdades en el mundo.
Fenofibrate Inhibits Subretinal Fibrosis Through Suppressing TGF‐β—Smad2/3 signaling and Wnt signaling in Neovascular Age‐Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Chen Qian , Jiang Nan , Zhang Yuhan , Ye Sihao , Liang Xu , Wang Xin , Lin Xiang , Zong Rongrong , Chen Haoyu , Liu Zuguo
Published: November 2020

Subretinal fibrosis is a common pathological change that causes vision loss in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Treatment modalities for subretinal fibrosis are limited. In the present study, the effects of fenofibrate, a specific peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha agonist, on subretinal fibrosis of nAMD were tested, and its molecular mechanisms of action were delineated. Collagen deposition and protein expression of fibrotic markers, such as vimentin, collagen-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin, were increased in very low–density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) knockout mouse, indicating Vldlr−/− mice can be used as a model for subretinal fibrosis. Fenofibrate suppressed subretinal fibrosis of Vldlr−/− mice by reducing collagen deposition and protein expression of fibrotic markers. Two fibrotic pathways, TGF-β—Smad2/3 signaling and Wnt signaling, were significantly up-regulated, while inhibited by fenofibrate in Vldlr−/− retinas. Moreover, fenofibrate significantly reduced the downstream connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression of these two pathways. Müller cells were a major source of CTGF in Vldlr−/− retinas. Fenofibrate was capable of suppressing Müller cell activation and thus reducing the release of CTGF in Vldlr−/− retinas. In cultured Müller cells, fenofibrate reversed TGF-β2–induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling and CTGF expression. These findings suggested that fenofibrate inhibits subretinal fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β—Smad2/3 signaling and Wnt signaling and reducing CTGF expression, and thus, fenofibrate could be a potential treatment for nAMD with subretinal fibrosis.
Groundwater Prediction Using Machine-Learning Tools
Authors: Hussein Eslam A. , Thron Christopher , Ghaziasgar Mehrdad , Bagula Antoine , Vaccari Mattia
Published: November 2020

Predicting groundwater availability is important to water sustainability and drought mitigation. Machine-learning tools have the potential to improve groundwater prediction, thus enabling resource planners to: (1) anticipate water quality in unsampled areas or depth zones; (2) design targeted monitoring programs; (3) inform groundwater protection strategies; and (4) evaluate the sustainability of groundwater sources of drinking water. This paper proposes a machine-learning approach to groundwater prediction with the following characteristics: (i) the use of a regression-based approach to predict full groundwater images based on sequences of monthly groundwater maps; (ii) strategic automatic feature selection (both local and global features) using extreme gradient boosting; and (iii) the use of a multiplicity of machine-learning techniques (extreme gradient boosting, multivariate linear regression, random forests, multilayer perceptron and support vector regression). Of these techniques, support vector regression consistently performed best in terms of minimizing root mean square error and mean absolute error. Furthermore, including a global feature obtained from a Gaussian Mixture Model produced models with lower error than the best which could be obtained with local geographical features.
Enhancing Drug Efficacy against Mastitis Pathogens—An In Vitro Pilot Study in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Rajamanickam Karthic , Yang Jian , Chidambaram Saravana Babu , Sakharkar Meena Kishore
Published: November 2020

Background: Bovine mastitis is one of the major infectious diseases in dairy cattle, resulting in large economic loss due to decreased milk production and increased production cost to the dairy industry. Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent/treat bovine mastitis infections. However, increased antibiotic resistance and consumers’ concern regarding antibiotic overuse make it prudent and urgent to develop novel therapeutic protocols for this disease. Materials and methods: Potential druggable targets were found in 20 mastitis-causing pathogens and conserved and unique targets were identified. Bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213, and two clinical isolates CI 1 and CI 2) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228, and two clinical isolates CI 1 and CI 2) were used in the present study for validation of an effective drug combination. Results: In the current study, we identified the common and the unique druggable targets for twenty mastitis-causing pathogens using an integrative approach. Furthermore, we showed that phosphorylcholine, a drug for a unique target gamma-hemolysin component B in Staphylococcus aureus, and ceftiofur, the mostly used veterinary antibiotic that is FDA approved for treating mastitis infections, exhibit a synergistic effect against S. aureus and a strong additive effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro. Conclusion: Based on the data generated in this study, we propose that combination therapy with drugs that work synergistically against conserved and unique targets can help increase efficacy and lower the usage of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. However, these data need further validations in animal models of infection.
The Impact of BPI Expression on Escherichia coli F18 Infection in Porcine Kidney Cells
Authors: Jin Jian , Huang Yanjie , Sun Shouyong , Wu Zhengchang , Wu Shenglong , Yin Zongjun , Bao Wenbin
Published: November 2020

The efficacy and regulatory activity of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) as a mediator of Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 resistance remains to be defined. In the present study, we evaluated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in BPI gene expression in porcine kidney (PK15) cells in response to E. coli F18 exposure. We additionally generated PK15 cells that overexpressed BPI to assess the impact of this gene on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-related genes. Through these analyses, we found that BPI expression rose significantly following LPS exposure in response to E. coli F18ac stimulation (p < 0.01). Colony count assays and qPCR analyses revealed that E. coli F18 adherence to PK15 cells was markedly suppressed following BPI overexpression (p < 0.01). BPI overexpression had no significant effect on the mRNA-level expression of genes associated with glycosphingolipid biosynthesis or TLR4 signaling. BPI overexpression suppressed the LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway-related expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and IL-6). Overall, our study serves as an overview of the association between BPI and resistance to E. coli F18 at the cellular level, offering a framework for future investigations of the mechanisms whereby piglets are able to resist E. coli F18 infection.
Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal as an Alternative to Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Nutrition: The Effects on Physical Properties of the Feed, Animal Growth Performance, and Feed Acceptance and Utilization
Authors: Rawski Mateusz , Mazurkiewicz Jan , Kierończyk Bartosz , Józefiak Damian
Published: November 2020

This study provides data on the use of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) full-fat meal (BSFL) in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) nutrition, examining pellet physical properties, growth performance, feed acceptance and utilization, apparent protein, and fat digestibility. The study consisted of: feed quality assessment; a growth performance; feed acceptance; digestibility trials. The effect of the use of BSFL as a replacement for fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) was investigated. The applied BSFL shares were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the diet, replacing up to 61.3% of FM and allowing us to reduce FO use by up to 95.4% in the case of 30% incorporation. The applied substitution affected feed quality, increasing the expansion rate, and decreasing feed density, sinking speed and water stability. However, body weight gain, specific growth rate, feed, and protein conversion ratios, were improved in groups fed BSFL. Moreover, feed acceptance was increased with treatments containing 10 to 30% BSFL. No effects on nutrients digestibility were observed. The results show that the use of BSFL as an FM and FO replacement may have positive effects on sturgeon growth performance, and BSFL can be developed as a promising alternative feed material.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of an Extract of Lactobacillus casei-Infected Hermetia illucens Larvae Produced Using an Automatic Injection System
Authors: Lee Kyu-Shik , Yun Eun-Young , Goo Tae-Won
Published: November 2020

In the present study, we developed an automatic mass-injection system (AMIS) to produce an extract of infected H. illucens larvae (iHIL-E) and then evaluated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressions and assessed the antimicrobial activity of iHIL-E against various pathogens and Lactobacillus species. AMP gene expressions were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the antimicrobial activities of iHIL-E were estimated using a radial diffusion assay and by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations. Results showed that the antimicrobial activity of HIL extract was effectively enhanced by L. casei infection and that the gene expressions of cecropin 3 and defensin 3 (antimicrobial peptides) were up-regulated. iHIL-E also prevented the growths of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida vaginitis (MICs 200, 500, and 1000 µg/100 µL, respectively) and demonstrated high protease resistance. Moreover, the growths of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and AMP-resistant bacteria, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomons tolaasii were significantly suppressed by iHIL-E. In addition, although iHIL completely cleared Salmonella species at concentrations of >200 µg/100 µL, Lactobacillus species were unaffected by iHIL at concentrations of <1000 µg/100 µL. The present investigation shows that the devised automatic mass injection system is effective for the mass production of the extract of infected HIL and that this extract is a novel, natural, protease-resistant, antibiotic candidate with broad-spectrum antibiotic activity.
Genetic Parameters for Age at First Calving and First Calving Interval of Beef Cattle
Authors: Brzáková Michaela , Čítek Jindřich , Svitáková Alena , Veselá Zdeňka , Vostrý Luboš
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for age at first calving (AFC) and first calving interval (FCI) for the entire beef cattle population and separately for the Charolais (CH) and Aberdeen Angus (AA) breeds in the Czech Republic. The database of performance testing between the years 1991 and 2019 was used. The total number of cows was 83,788 from 11 breeds. After editing, the data set contained 33,533 cows, including 9321 and 4419 CH and AA cows, respectively. The relationship matrix included 85,842 animals for the entire beef population and 24,248 and 11,406 animals for the CH and AA breeds, respectively. A multibreed multitrait animal model was applied. The estimated heritability was low to moderate. Genetic correlations between AFC and FCI varied depending on the breeds from positive to negative. Differences between variance components suggest that differences between breeds should be considered before selection and breeding strategy should be developed within a breed.
Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Three Species of the Genus Microtus (Arvicolinae, Rodentia)
Authors: Lamelas Luz , Aleix-Mata Gaël , Rovatsos Michail , Marchal Juan Alberto , Palomeque Teresa , Lorite Pedro , Sánchez Antonio
Published: November 2020

The 65 species of the genus Microtus have unusual sex-related genetic features and a high rate of karyotype variation. However, only nine complete mitogenomes for these species are currently available. We describe the complete mitogenome sequences of three Microtus, which vary in length from 16,295 bp to 16,331 bp, contain 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The length of the 13 PCGs and the coded proteins is the same in all three species, and the start and stop codons are conserved. The non-coding regions include the L-strand origin of replication, with the same sequence of 35 bp, and the control region, which varies between 896 bp and 930 bp in length. The control region includes three domains (Domains I, II and III) with extended termination-associated sequences (ETAS-1 and ETAS-2) in Domain I. Domain II and Domain III include five (CSB-B, C, D, E and F) and three (CSB-1, CSB-2, and CSB-3) conserved sequence blocks, respectively. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the mitochondrial genomes of all the available Microtus species and one representative species from another genus of the Arvicolinae subfamily reproduced the established phylogenetic relationships for all the Arvicolinae genera that were analyzed.
Metabolizable Energy of Soybean Meal and Canola Meal as Influenced by the Reference Diet Used and Assay Method
Authors: Veluri Shravani , Olukosi Oluyinka Abiona
Published: November 2020

A 21-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of reference diet type and assay method on apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected (AMEn) of soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM). Broilers (n = 240) were allocated to 10 treatments with eight replicates/treatment and three birds/replicate. Treatments included corn-SBM or corn-CM reference diets (RD). To each RD, 300 or 450 g/kg of SBM or CM were added to make a total of eight test diets. For the difference method, AME of SBM and CM substituted at 300 g/kg in corn-CM RD gave greater AME values compared to inclusion in the corn-SBM RD. The AMEn of SBM increased with increase in inclusion level in the corn-CM RD but AMEn of CM decreased with increased inclusion level of CM in the corn-SBM RD. For the regression method, AME and AMEn of the test feedstuffs were greater with corn-CM RD compared with corn-SBM RD. The AME of SBM was not affected by assay method, whereas AME of CM was lower when determined using the regression method. In conclusion, both the reference diet type and assay method influenced assayed AME and AMEn value of test protein feedstuffs and should be considered in cross-studies comparisons.
Nutritive Value and Physical Properties of Neo-Tropical Rodent Meat-with Emphasis on the Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
Authors: Ali Anwar Jamaal , Jones Kegan Romelle
Published: November 2020

This review will focus on the nutritive characteristics of meat from neo-tropical rodents which have not yet been domesticated. These rodents include the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), and the lappe (Agouti paca). Information about the meat characteristics of these rodents were obtained from peer reviewed journal articles. Literature was obtained using search engines such as Google Scholar, Uwi linc, and Pub Med Central. Keywords used in the searches were “capybara”, “Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris”, “agouti”, “Dasyprocta leporina”, “Agouti paca/Cuniculus paca”, lappe”, and “meat proximate analysis”. Over four decades of literature was searched, spanning from the 1970s to 2020. There is a vast amount of information on the meats of the capybara, but limited information on the lappe, and there is a dearth of information on the agouti. Capybara meat is considered to be highly nutritious, with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), low levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), low levels of fats and cholesterol. The animals that were reared in conditions which were similar to their habitat had lower levels of SFA. Diet, age, confinement, and sex had an effect on the chemical composition of the meat of the capybara. On average, capybara meat had a moisture content of 75%, protein 22%, ash 1.5%, and lipid 1%. During the authors’ search of the literature, no information was found on the proximate composition of the lappe or agouti meat. Information regarding the fatty acid profile of lappe meat was found, as well as a description of the physical characteristics of agouti and lappe meat. The physical parameter shows that the lappe has the most tender meat of the three rodent species, while the agouti has the least tender meat, and the capybara being intermediary. Neo-tropical rodent meat is highly nutritious, and is an excellent protein alternative for the growing population of the world. These animals are adapted to challenging environments and can grow well using locally available feed resources. However, further research needs to be conducted on the proximate analysis on lappe and agouti meat to fully inform consumers about its nutrient value.
Postweaning Grouping as a Strategy to Reduce Singly Housed Male Mice
Authors: Grífols Roger , Zamora Carolina , Ortega-Saez Iván , Azkona Garikoitz
Published: November 2020

Rearing laboratory mice in groups is important since social isolation after weaning induces brain alterations, which entails behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. Age is an important factor when grouping males of different litters due to inter-male aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to determine whether newly weaned mice could safely be grouped with late juvenile or early and late pubescent mice, and whether cage cleaning, the number of the hosting group members and testosterone plasma levels have any influence. Newly weaned C57BL/6J, CD1, and SCID Beige male mice were systematically grouped with same strain late juvenile, early or late pubescent male mice in clean or dirty cages of 1, 2 or 3 hosting members. We also analyzed plasma testosterone levels at different postnatal days. Our result showed that only strain and hosting male’s age influence agonistic behavior toward newly weaned mice. Thus, in order not to house a recently weaned male alone, we would recommend grouping it with late juvenile same strain mice in all studied strains. In the same way, CD1 and SCID Beige pubescent mice will admit a newly weaned mouse in their group. However, we would not recommend grouping newly weaned and pubescent C57BL/6J males.