bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Exciton Generation on Doped Wide‐Band Semiconductor Photoanode with Hierarchical Quantum Structure
Authors: Fang Ke , Chen Zhiwei , Yang Lin‐An , Ao Jin‐Ping , Bu Yuyu
Published: January 2025

The multiple exciton generation (MEG) effect, which produces multiple photo‐generated charge carriers from a single high‐energy photon absorption by a semiconductor with a narrow bandgap, has the potential to revolutionize photovoltaic, photoelectric detection, and other technologies. Here, this work finds that the surface carbon‐modified wide‐bandgap photoanode with hierarchical quantum structure can drive a photoelectrochemical reaction with a quantum efficiency exceeding 145% by the first time. More studies reveal that the presence of the MEG effect in the MEG‐CdS photoanode is attributed to the formation of high‐quality surface C‐modified CdS quantum nanosheets on CdS bulk film by in situ, this hierarchical quantum structure leads to quantum confinement effects that increase effective Coulomb interaction for driving MEG and decrease competition for thermal exciton cooling. The acceptor level introduced by carbon reduces the MEG threshold (approximately twice the energy level difference) and collaborates with the built‐in electric field of the C‐CdS/bulk‐CdS homojunction to enable the effective generation and separation of photo‐generated charge carriers. The internal quantum efficiency of the MEG‐CdS photoanode reaches up to a recording value of 145%, providing a novel perspective on the contribution of surface‐modified wide‐band semiconductors and their quantum effects in the application of MEG.
Dynamic Genomic Imaging and Tracking in Living Cells by a DNA Origami‐Based CRISPR‒dCas9 System
Authors: Yang Jiao , Xu Xuemei , Yang Linlin , Tian Yuan , Wang Junyan , Han Da
Published: January 2025

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)‐associated system has displayed promise in visualizing the dynamics of target loci in living cells, which is important for studying genome regulation. However, developing a cell‐friendly and rapid transfection method for achieving dynamic and long‐term genomic imaging in living cells with high specificity and accuracy is still challenging. Herein, a robust and versatile method is presented that employs a barrel‐shaped DNA nanostructure (TUBE) modified with aptamers for loading, protecting, and delivering CRISPR‐Cas9 to visualize specific genomic loci in living cells. This approach enables dynamic tracking of target genomic regions (Chr3q29, a repetitive region of chromosome 3) throughout the mitotic process and captures variations in their spatial distribution and quantity accurately. Distinct dynamic behaviors between the Chr3q29 and telomeres are observed, which are linked to their unique chromosomal positions and levels of mobility. High‐resolution multicolor labeling of the target genes is achieved, with a high degree of colocalization between the enhanced green fluorescent protein and cyanine‐5 channels, facilitating precise imaging of target loci. This method not only supports dynamic genomic imaging but also enables multiplexed tracking, providing a powerful visualization tool for studying cellular processes and genetic interactions in real time within living cells.
Supramolecular Interface Buffer Layer for Stable Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhu Xuejun , Wang Yifan , Peng Yuqi , Zhang Hong , Zhang Xianxi , Li Zhaoqian , Mo Li'e , Huang Yang , Hu Linhua
Published: January 2025

The aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are chronically plagued by the inevitable side‐reaction and uneven Zn planets stack. Through regulating the water activity and Zn2+ crystal dynamics could effectively relieve those anode/electrolyte interface problems. The (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (HBCD), characterized by the excluded‐volume and mitigating zinc‐flux aggregation effect, is chosen as the electrolyte additive to tail the anode/electrolyte interface. In this work, the supermolecule interface buffer layer is conducted to screen active water and modulate Zn crystallography. Capitalized on the intense electron density of exterior cavity, the HBCD molecules are proven to chemically adsorb onto anode, which sterically repulse the active waters and disrupt H‐bonds among waters. Concurrently, the (002)‐preferred texture is achieved through inducing Zn2+ ions transport and nucleation. The assembled symmetric Zn//Zn batteries show ameliorated lifespan at various current density (350 h for 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2 and 100 h for 20 mA cm−2/20 mAh cm−2) and steady operation at 73.26% high Depth of Discharge (DOD). The Zn//NVO batteries deliver 380.4 mAh g−1 high discharge capacity at 1 A g−1. To prove the feasibility, the full battery with a low N/P ratio (2.16) is assembled, it shows ≈260 mAh g−1 discharge capacity and runs stably during 500 cycles.
Chromium‐Doped NiBP Micro‐Sphere Electrocatalysts for Green Hydrogen Production under Industrial Operational Conditions
Authors: Habib Md Ahasan , Lin Shusen , Dristy Sumiya Akter , Joni Mehedi Hasan , Mandavkar Rutuja , Jeong Jae‐Hun , Lee Jihoon
Published: January 2025

Wide spread adaptation of green hydrogen can help to mitigate the serious climate issues, increasing global energy demands and the development of advanced electrocatalysts robust under industrial conditions is one of the key technological challenges. Herein, chromium‐doped nickel‐boride‐phosphide (Cr/NiBP) micro sphere (MS) electrocatalyst is demonstrated via a two‐step hydrothermal approach along with post‐annealing. The Cr/NiBP MS demonstrates low hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evaluation reaction over potentials of 78 and 250 mV at 100 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, out performing most of the reported catalysts. The Cr/NiBP ǁ Cr/NiBP exhibits only 1.54 V at 100 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH and surpasses the benchmark of RuO2 (+) ǁ Pt/C (−) up to 2000 mA cm−2, which sets it as one of the best bifunctional electrocatalysts. Impressively, it maintains stable performance for over 240 h at 1000 mA cm−2 in 6 m KOH at 60°C, demonstrating rapid response, anti‐corrosion resistance, and robust structural integrity to meet the industrial operational conditions. Further, Cr/NiBP ǁ Pt/C exhibits a super‐low cell‐voltage of 2.25 V at 2000 mA cm−2. The small amount of Cr atoms incorporation can significantly enhance active sites and intrinsic properties, accelerating water dissociation and rapid intermediate formation.
Graphene Oxide Foam‐Based Floating Actuators Manipulated via Dual‐Marangoni‐Effect Propulsion and Magnetic‐Field‐Guided Navigation
Authors: Wang Wei , Shao Wei , Li Ning , Guo Heng‐Yu , Zeng Su‐Chuan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Jia‐Rui , Han Dong‐Dong , Zhang Yong‐Lai
Published: January 2025

Intelligent stimuli‐responsive actuators that can convert environmental energies into mechanical works have garnered significant research interests. Among different actuation principles, Marangoni effect is distinguished due to simplicity, high efficiency, remote manipulation, and water environment adaptability. Nevertheless, both chemical and physical Marangoni actuators face their own challenges with respect to limited chemical loading, precise light illumination, and relatively poor motion controllability. In this study, floating actuators based on graphene oxide foam (GOF), manipulable via dual Marangoni effects and magnetic field, are fabricated by Direct Laser Writing (DLW). This is the first work to realize dual‐Marangoni‐effect actuators. Specifically, it is observed that the actuator driven by the chemical Marangoni effect can attain an average speed of 0.57 rad s−1. Meanwhile, the actuator driven by the photothermal Marangoni effect is capable of reaching an average speed of 0.17 rad s−1, and the average speed is 1.34 cm s−1 under the manipulation of magnetic field. Multi‐field coupling and dual Marangoni effects make actuators more flexible and intelligent, with promising potential for intelligent control and biomedical engineering.
Effect of Thermal Reflow on Microstructural Morphology and Contact Mechanics in the Photo‐Lithographic Fabrication of Biomimetic Adhesive Materials
Authors: Li Conghui , Zhao Jiahui , Chen Jian , Sun Jun , Hu Zhiyong , Ji Yuanming , Li Qianqian , Zhan Haozhen , Deng Kai , Wu Jianming , Dai Zhendong , Ji Keju
Published: January 2025

Bionic adhesive materials with 3D complex micro/nanostructures have several advantages of low preload, strong adhesion, switchable adhesion, etc. As the primary high‐precision fabrication method for such materials, lithography is inherently limited by its 2D processing capabilities. Achieving complex 3D morphologies typically requires auxiliary processes, such as dipping and double‐sided separate UV exposures, which increase both the complexity and limitations of the fabrication process. In this work, an efficient dimensional regulation method–the photo‐lithographic thermal reflow is proposed. The technique utilizes the intrinsic properties of photoresist materials, introducing thermal energy to transform microstructures from 2D to 3D. Mushroom‐shaped morphology is taken as an example to fabricate bionic adhesive materials. The fabricated mushroom‐shaped micropillar arrays exhibit different tendencies in adhesion force, friction, reversible adhesion, and repeatability, demonstrating the precise tunability of the micropillar geometry. The optimized mushroom‐shaped adhesive material not only exhibits the adhesion force of up to 12.26 N on the silicon surface (superior to that of a single foot of gecko (10 N)) but also shows superior friction, easy peeling and high durability. The result demonstrates that this method enables rapid and efficient regulation of 3D morphology and provides a novel approach for the fabrication of complex micro/nanostructure.
Design of Starch Coatings to Control the In Vitro Release of Insulin From Chitosan Hydrogels
Authors: Wei Benxi , Yin Luqian , Shi Ke , Zou Jin , Fan Zhenming , Zhu Senyong , Xu Baoguo
Published: January 2025

In this study, hydrogels were prepared with different molecular weights of chitosan, and their insulin‐loading property was characterized. Then starch coatings (starch films prepared by normal maize starch [NMS], potato starch [PoS], and pea starch [PeS] with glycerin content of 2%–5%) were designed to control the in vitro release of insulin‐loaded chitosan hydrogels. This will overcome the drawbacks of oral insulin which will be digested in the stomach and show burst release in the small intestine. Results revealed that the water‐blocking properties of the starch films were strengthened with the increase of glycerol contents as plasticizer made the films more compressed and uniform. After coating with NMS, PoS, and PeS films (4% glycerol, w/v), the insulin release of insulin‐loaded hydrogels (prepared by the medium molecular weight of chitosan) was 40.9%, 12.1%, and 9.4% in simulated gastric fluid (pH 2, 2 h), respectively. Afterward, the cumulative insulin release of the above gastric digested hydrogels coated with NMS, PoS, and PeS films reached 66.5%, 87.4%, and 33.0%, respectively, after incubation in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) for another 22 h. Therefore, PoS film coating showed the best advantage in protecting insulin‐loaded hydrogel from the destruction of acid in the stomach and exhibited a controlled release process in the intestine.
Advancing Neem's Role in Environmental Sustainability: Genetic Potential and Industrial Applications
Authors: Balasubramanian Arunachalam  , Swathiga Ganesan  , Hari Prasath Natarajan  , Radhakrishnan Suthandhirajan  , Sivaprakash Muthuswamy  , Sivakumar Balaiyan  , Anjali Satheesan
Published: January 2025

The neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), a versatile tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, is widely recognized for its applications in environmental protection, pest control, and medicine. This review examines neem's genetic potential, its role in reducing environmental pollution, and its use in agroforestry and industrial applications. Despite its broad utility, neem's potential remains underutilized due to technological and financial constraints, particularly the lack of high‐yielding cultivars with increased azadirachtin content. Advances in breeding, genetic modification, and biotechnology are crucial for maximizing neem's contributions in environmental and industrial fields, while promoting sustainable organic farming and reforestation practices.
Synthesis of multi‐element flame retardant hydrazides and its modification to epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Weipeng , Duan Huajun , Li Ya , Chen Yuan , Li Ruian , Geng Jiangtao , Ma Huiru
Published: January 2025

When flame retardants are added to epoxy resins (EP) to enhance their flame retardancy, it often results in a negative impact on the mechanical properties of itself. In order to solve this problem, a new reactive flame retardant multi‐element hydrazides (BSD) is synthesized by using benzenesulfonohydrazide and diphenylphosphinic chloride as raw materials, it can play a flame retardant effect through the synergistic effect of P\N\S multi‐elements, and at the same time, a large number of secondary amine groups in the structure of BSD can produce strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydroxyl groups of the molecular chain of EP. The experimental results proved that the incorporation of only 3 wt% of BSD enabled EP to achieve a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Furthermore, when the amount of BSD is increased to 5 wt%, the values for peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release showed a reduction of 26% and 20.8%, ultimately maximizing the limiting oxygen index to 34.9%, showing exceptional efficiency. In the meantime, it showed a 37.3% increase in flexural strength and a 21.4% increase in tensile strength, and the transparency of the modified epoxy resin was still maintained at this time. In summary, introducing BSD into EP obtains a highly efficient reinforced flame retardant epoxy resin (FREP).

Highlights

A P/N/S‐containing hydrazide to improve the flame retardant of EP.

When the P content is 0.25 wt%, the FREP reaches UL‐94 V‐0 grade.

Tensile and flexural strength increased by up to 21.4% and 37.3%.

With the addition of BSD, the FREP still show high transparency.
Big Cat Mortality in Subsistence Hunts in Amazonia
Authors: Carvalho Elildo A. R. , Lopes Cíntia K. M. , de Paula Milton J. , Pezutti Juarez C. B.
Published: January 2025

We estimate the annual mortality of big cats (Panthera onca and Puma concolor) resulting from subsistence hunts in two Amazonian Extractive Reserves. Leveraging data from a participatory biodiversity monitoring program, which records the outcomes of hunting forays, we treat the set of all hunts carried out in a given year, k, as an ensemble of Bernoulli experiments where each hunt may or may not result in a big cat killing with probability p. From this premise, we built a Bayesian model to estimate the number of cats killed as a binomial random variable with parameters k and p. We estimate that 48 (95% CI: 18–92) big cats are killed annually in the study area, which is consistent with an independent estimate for the same area and within the same magnitude as estimates for other Amazonian sites. Our findings underscore the contribution of subsistence hunting to big cat mortality.
CBL Macro Level Frame Case Studies
Authors: Dikilitaş Kenan , Marshall Tim , Shahverdi Masoumeh
Published: January 2025

This chapter contains three macro level case studies that focus on systemic and institutional perspectives to examine global issues that can be addressed through CBL. Case study eleven from Dublin City University explores the demand for and design of CBL Pathways, emphasising support for university teachers. Case study twelve, a collaborationbetween several ECIU universities, investigates innovative use of CBL as a model for Citizenship Education. Finally, case study thirteen examines the CBL continuum, an emerging tool that is of great practical usefulness for teachers in assessing the level of CBL implementation within a specific educational context.
Industry 5.0 Vision Through Model-Based Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hölsä Aapo , Banagar Isa , Khadim Qasim , Frondelius Tero , Konnö Juho , Mahmoudzadeh Andwari Amin , Kurvinen Emil
Published: January 2025

Industry 4.0, characterized by its heavy reliance on automation and data-driven technologies, poses risks of social inequalities and reduces human oversight, potentially leading to ethical dilemmas and decreased job satisfaction among workers. The extensive integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) in Industry 4.0 also amplifies cyber security threats to individual privacy and industrial security, prompting a regulatory shift toward ethical artificial intelligence (AI) practices in Industry 5.0. This chapter outlines the vision of Industry 5.0 from the model-based systems engineering (MBSE) perspective, emphasizing the prioritization of technological advances alongside human-centric values. MBSE in Industry 5.0 is further elucidated using the marine engine crank train example. The results demonstrate how AI and MBSE can facilitate the decentralization of knowledge by eliminating technical barriers between personnel and information captured in the system model, how the system model can serve as a platform for digital twins (DTs), and how enhanced optimization algorithms and system patterns can be employed to allocate human resources more efficiently in development processes.
Warum produzieren Medien ihre Inhalte nicht selbst?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Wertschöpfungskette, Arbeitsteilung, Outsourcing, Projektnetzwerk, Ressourcenansatz
Sind Medien krisensicher?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Konjunktur, Trend, Kostenkrankheit, Medienfinanzierung, Erlösformen
Glossar
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Im Sinne eines Einführungsbuches haben wir in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln grundlegende Konzepte und Begriffe jeweils dort erläutert, wo sie zum ersten Mal auftauchen. Zahlreiche Querverweise machen es Ihnen als Leser:in leicht, zu diesen Stellen zu gelangen. Wir sind uns jedoch bewusst, dass Bücher nicht immer von vorne nach hinten gelesen werden.
Was ist besonders an Medienmärkten?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Mediengattungen, Netzwerkeffekte, Digitalisierung, Konvergenz, Medientypologien, Marktabgrenzungen
Warum gibt es öffentliche Medien?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Public Service, eingeschränkte Konsumentensouveränität, externe Effekte, Programmauftrag, Pfadabhängigkeit
Was bedeutet Ökonomisierung?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Nutzenmaximierung, Kommerzialisierung, programmintegrierte Werbung, Gefälligkeitsjournalismus, Boulevardisierung
Warum gibt es Medienkonzentration?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

First-Copy-Costs, Vielfalt, Wettbewerb, Konzentrationskontrolle, Homogenisierung, Fixkostendegression
Was macht ein Medium zu einem guten Werbeträger?
Authors: von Rimscha M. Bjørn , Ehrlich Gianna L. , Siegert Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Werbeinvestitionen, Werbeträgereigenschaften, Mediaselektion, Mediaplanung, Tausend-Kontakt-Preis, Behavioral Targeting
On the rank of projective modules
Authors: Johnson F.E.A.
Published: January 2025

Let P be a nonzero projective module over an integral group ring. We consider the question of whether the rank of P is necessarily positive.
Wick Rotation of Linearized Gravity in Gaussian Time and Calderón Projectors
Authors: Gérard Christian , Murro Simone , Wrochna Michał
Published: January 2025

Motivated by the quantization of linearized gravity, we consider gauge-fixed linearized Einstein equations and their Wick rotation near a Cauchy surface. We show that Calderón projectors for the Wick-rotated equations induce Hadamard bi-solutions on the Lorentzian level. On the other hand, we find smoothing obstructions to gauge-invariance and positivity conditions needed in quantization. These obstructions are primarily due to boundary terms arising in the Wick-rotated theory and depend on the boundary conditions.
From the last 100 to the first 100–outcome after a manufacturer change in reverse fracture arthroplasty
Authors: Gleich Johannes , Fleischhacker Evi , Lampert Christopher , Siebenbürger Georg , Ockert Ben , Böcker Wolfgang , Helfen Tobias
Published: January 2025

Purpose

If surgery is indicated for elderly patients suffering a proximal humerus fracture, reverse fracture arthroplasty became the preferred type of treatment due to its good and reliable outcomes over the last decade. Surgeons could choose from a wide range of implants and up to now there was no evaluation, if a change of the manufacturer affects patients` outcome.

Methods

The last 100 patients before and the first 100 after manufacturer change in reverse fracture arthroplasty were evaluated at a level one trauma center, all treated by only 3 senior shoulder surgeons. Clinical as well as radiographic outcome parameters were assessed, perioperative up to 24 months after surgery.

Results

Mean age in both groups was nearly 80 years with comparable distribution of gender and comorbidities. A trend to shorter duration of surgery was observed after the change, mainly according to an uncemented fixation of the stem. During follow-up no significant differences, beneficial as well as negative, could be observed regarding clinical and radiographic outcome.

Conclusion

A manufacturer change on the fly is possible without negative consequences for patients` outcome. Expertise of the whole OR-team as well as standardized training with the new implant seems to be a more important factor than a specific type of implant.
Impact of calreticulin mutations on treatment and survival outcomes in myelofibrosis during ruxolitinib therapy
Authors: Palandri Francesca , Branzanti Filippo , Morsia Erika , Dedola Alessandra , Benevolo Giulia , Tiribelli Mario , Beggiato Eloise , Farina Mirko , Martino Bruno , Caocci Giovanni , Pugliese Novella , Tieghi Alessia , Crugnola Monica , Binotto Gianni , Cavazzini Francesco , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Isidori Alessandro , Scalzulli Emilia , D’Agostino Domenico , Caserta Santino , Nardo Antonella , Lemoli Roberto Massimo , Cilloni Daniela , Bocchia Monica , Pane Fabrizio , Heidel Florian H. , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Breccia Massimo , Elli Elena M. , Bonifacio Massimiliano
Published: January 2025

Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are detected in around 20% of patients with primary and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (MF). Regardless of driver mutations, patients with splenomegaly and symptoms are generally treated with JAK2-inhibitors, most commonly ruxolitinib. Recently, new therapies specifically targeting the CALR mutant clone have entered clinical investigation. To collect information on efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib in CALR-mutated patients, we report a sub-analysis of the “RUX-MF” (NCT06516406) study, comprising 135 CALR-mutated and 786 JAK2-mutated ruxolitinib-treated patients. Compared to JAK2-mutated patients, CALR-mutated patients started ruxolitinib with a more severe disease (higher peripheral blast counts, lower hemoglobin levels and worse marrow fibrosis) and after a longer median time from diagnosis (2.6 versus 0.7 years, p < 0.001). At 6 months, spleen responses were numerically inferior in CALR-mutated patients, who also had significantly lower rates of symptom responses (56.1% versus 66.7%, p = 0.04).
CTNNB1 syndrome mouse models
Authors: Lainšček Duško , Forstnerič Vida , Miroševič Špela
Published: January 2025

CTNNB1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting children worldwide with a prevalence of 2.6–3.2 per 100,000 births and often misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. De novo loss-of-function mutations in the Ctnnb1 gene result in dysfunction of the β-catenin protein, disrupting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Additionally, these mutations impair the formation of cell junctions, adversely affecting tissue architecture. Motor and speech deficits, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular and visual problems are just some of the key symptoms that occur in CTNNB1 syndrome patients. There is currently no effective treatment option available for patients with CTNNB1 syndrome, with support largely focused on the management of symptoms and physiotherapy, yet recently some therapeutic approaches are being developed. Animal testing is still crucial in the process of new drug development, and mouse models are particularly important. These models provide researchers with new understanding of the disease mechanisms and are invaluable for testing the efficacy and safety of potential treatments. The development of various mouse models with β-catenin loss- and gain-of-function mutations successfully replicates key features of intellectual disability, autism-like behaviors, motor deficits, and more. These models provide a valuable platform for studying disease mechanisms and offer a powerful tool for testing the therapeutic potential and effectiveness of new drug candidates, paving the way for future clinical trials.
Laparoscopic robotic-assisted ileo-caecal resection with intracorporeal anastomosis in children with Crohn disease: initial experience of a paediatric center and surgical feasibility
Authors: Wong Michela Cing Yu , Rotondi Giulia , Avanzini Stefano , Arrigo Serena , Mattioli Girolamo
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Pediatric-onset Crohn's disease (CD) presents with a more aggressive course than adults. Surgical treatment is still necessary in many patients. The laparoscopic technique for treating terminal ileal CD is deemed safe and feasible, with the advantage to perform an intra-corporeal anastomosis (ICA). The robotic platform facilitates ICA creation thanks to 3D-visualization, tenfold magnification and better dexterity. The aim of this study was to report our initial experience of robotic ileocecal resection (RICR) with ICA in children with CD.

Methods

Six patients underwent RICR for CD. Patient characteristics, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes were collected. The surgical technique consisted in an intra-corporeal ICR with a stapled side-to-side ileo-colic anastomosis.

Results

The mean age at surgery was 14.8 years. The mean operative time was 210.8 min. No intraoperative complications or conversions were recorded. Bowel function returned on postoperative day 3 and the mean hospital stay was 8 days. Two minor complications were treated conservatively and 1 major (anastomotic dehiscence) required reoperation.

Conclusion

RICR is a safe and feasible technique in pediatric CD of terminal ileum. The robot offers advantages over other techniques for the precision of the suture, avoiding extracorporeal anastomosis. However, larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
Can’t help processing numbers with text: Eye-tracking evidence for simultaneous instead of sequential processing of text and numbers in arithmetic word problems
Authors: Roth Lilly , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Cramer Felix , Daroczy Gabriella
Published: January 2025

Solving arithmetic word problems requires individuals to create a correct mental representation, and this involves both text processing and number processing. The latter comprises understanding the semantic meaning of numbers (i.e., their magnitudes) and potentially executing the appropriate mathematical operation. However, it is not yet clear whether number processing occurs after text processing or both take place simultaneously. We hypothesize that number processing occurs early and simultaneously with other problem-solving processes such as text processing. To test this hypothesis, we created non-solvable word problems that do not require any number processing and we manipulated the calculation difficulty using carry/borrow vs. non-carry/non-borrow within addition and subtraction problems. According to a strictly sequential model, this manipulation should not matter, because when problems are non-solvable, no calculation is required. In contrast, according to an interactive model, attention to numbers would be higher when word problems require a carry/borrow compared to a non-carry/non-borrow operation. Eye-tracking was used to measure attention to numbers and text in 63 adults, operationalized by static (duration and count of fixations and regressions) and dynamic measures (count of transitions). An interaction between difficulty and operation was found for all static and dynamic eye-tracking variables as well as for response times and error rates. The observed number processing in non-solvable word problems, which indicates that it occurs simultaneously with text processing, is inconsistent with strictly sequential models.
Size-dependent vibration and static analyses of a nanobeam made of time-dependent material attached with viscoelastic boundaries using three different beam theories
Authors: Kadıoğlu Hayrullah Gün , Civalek Ömer , Uzun Büşra , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür
Published: January 2025

In this study, free vibration analysis of viscoelastic nanobeams under viscoelastic boundary conditions has been carried out separately for Euler–Bernoulli, Timoshenko, and Levinson beam theories. First, the non-local theory and the viscoelastic model have been established, and then, the equations of motion have been obtained using Hamilton's principles. Higher-order Fourier series obtained by Stokes’ transforms have been used to solve the problem. With the inclusion of boundary conditions in the problem, an eigenvalue problem has been constructed from which the frequencies for each beam theory can be obtained. The results have been presented in graphs and tables, and some important results have been obtained; for example, the effect of damping decreases as the non-local length scale parameter increases, damping has more effect in large modes, and the influence of viscous damping parameter of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is more than other beam theories.
Postoperative outcomes of biopsy versus debulking surgery for immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Iwasaki Rikako , Kitaguchi Yoshiyuki , Morimoto Takeshi , Nishida Kohji
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare the postoperative outcomes of corticosteroid therapy following biopsy with those following debulking surgery in patients with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD).

Study Design

Retrospective comparative study.

Methods

Fifteen patients diagnosed with IgG4-ROD (5 unilateral, 10 bilateral) were retrospectively analyzed. IgG4-ROD was diagnosed based on imaging, histopathology, and blood test results. The biopsy group included patients who underwent resection of minimal tissue for diagnosis, whereas the debulking group included patients who underwent resection of a substantial portion of the mass to decrease the tumor size. Postoperative outcomes after steroid administration, recurrence rates, and changes in lacrimal gland function were compared between the groups.

Results

The biopsy and debulking groups included seven and eight patients, respectively. All patients in the biopsy group and 25% of patients in the debulking group required steroid treatment postoperatively (p = 0.0070). Relapse occurred in 71.4% and 12.5% (p = 0.041) and maintenance therapy was required in 57.1% and 12.5% (p = 0.12) patients in the biopsy and debulking groups, respectively. Twelve patients had extraorbital lesions, with one patient receiving corticosteroid treatment for sphenoid bone lesion. Schirmer I test values did not differ preoperatively and postoperatively in either group (biopsy: p = 0.47; debulking: p = 0.72). One patient from the biopsy group developed severe dry eyes, necessitating lacrimal canalicular excision.

Conclusions

Debulking surgery effectively reduced the requirement for postoperative steroid administration for recurrent lacrimal gland lesion in patients with IgG4-ROD, indicating its potential as an effective alternative to current standard treatment.
Heart Rate Variability Predicts Therapy Outcome in Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Inhibitory Learning
Authors: Fagioli Sabrina , Watanabe Darcianne K. , Koenig Julian , Free Matthew , Fazio Russell H. , Vasey Michael W. , Thayer Julian F.
Published: January 2025

Exposure therapy has been shown to be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, there are individual differences in the extent to which this intervention is effective in reducing symptoms, and a substantial number of patients may experience a return of fear (ROF). The factors associated with successful therapy outcomes are an important topic of investigation as these factors might influence the nature of the interventions as well as enhance our understanding of the process associated with the disorder and its treatment. Here, we investigated the effect of resting heart rate variability (HRV) on ROF following exposure therapy in social phobics. In particular, using path modeling, we assessed the hypothesis that resting HRV prospectively predicts inhibitory learning, which, in turn, prospectively predicts ROF at follow-up. Forty adult participants (60% female) diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder were assigned to a single massed exposure therapy session. Self-reported behavioral and physiological responses were recorded pre-treatment, immediately following treatment, and at one-month follow-up. The Personalized Implicit Association Task (PIAT) was used as an implicit measure of inhibitory learning, and HF-HRV was taken as a measure of vagal activity. Results revealed that those with high pre-treatment HRV reported less negative implicit attitude towards public speaking after exposure (b = -0.044, p =.047) and showed reduced residual symptoms one month after treatment. (b = 2.247, p =.013). Taken together these results support exposure therapy models that emphasize the importance of inhibitory learning in extinction and are consistent with research linking HRV to inhibition.
The effect of three types of water-based training protocols on thymus atrophy and specific indicators of cellular immune senescence in aged male rats
Authors: Jahan-Mahin Mohammad , Askari Roya , Haghighi Amir Hossein , Khaiyat Omid
Published: January 2025

The collective detrimental impact of aged naive lymphocytes and thymus atrophy on the aging of the immune system can be mitigated by exercise. Hence, this research aims to explore the effects of three methods of water-based exercises on immune system aging and thymus atrophy in elderly rats. Thirty-two 24-month-old rats, with an average weight of 320 ± 5 g, were randomly allocated into four groups of endurance training (n = 8), resistance training (n = 8), combined training (n = 8), and control (n = 8).The training protocols (10 weeks) were conducted four times a week in a container measuring 50 × 50x100 cm filled with water at 30 ± 1 °C. The evaluation of naïve and memory T lymphocytes was conducted for the intervention groups based on the expression or lack of expression of the CD28 and CD57 markers in the subsets of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Naïve T cells were represented by CD28 + CD57- T lymphocytes, memory T cells were represented by CD28- CD57- T lymphocytes, aged naïve T cells were indicated by CD28 + CD57 + lymphocytes, and aged memory T cells were represented by CD28- CD57 + lymphocytes. The findings of the study showed that all three exercise protocols resulted in a significant decrease in levels of memory CD8, aged CD8, naive and naive CD4 and CD8, and aged memory, as well as an increase in levels of CD4, CD8, CD4 + , and naive CD8 when compared to the control group. It was observed that thymus atrophy, memory CD4, and aged CD4 had a significant decrease only in the combined exercise group compared to the control group, with no significant differences observed in these indicators for the resistance and endurance groups. Furthermore, the ratio of CD4 to CD8 remained unchanged across all groups. The findings of this study suggest greater efficacy of combined training in enhancing specific health indicators of cell immunity among elderly populations. Moreover, engaging in water exercises of all three types of combined, resistance, and endurance training are deemed safe activities for older individuals to bolster their immune system and mitigate the aging process of T cells.
Temperature effects on the impact of two invasive parasitic copepods on the survival, growth, condition, and reproduction of native mussels
Authors: Jolma E. Rosa , Born-Torrijos Ana , Engelsma Marc Y. , Heesterbeek Hans , van Leeuwen Anieke , Twijnstra Robert H. , Wegner K. Mathias , Thieltges David W.
Published: January 2025

An increase in temperature due to climate change may affect the geographic ranges of invasive parasites and alter their impact on native hosts. Our goal was to determine if the effects of infection by two species of invasive endoparasitic copepods on native blue mussel hosts (Mytilus edulis) change with increasing temperatures. We investigated this with a laboratory experiment using temperatures that represent annual mean and mean summer water temperatures of past observations and future predictions for the study area, the European Wadden Sea (10–26 °C). Over a period of 8–20 weeks, infection with Mytilicola intestinalis lowered mussel condition and infection with Mytilicola orientalis decreased mussel shell growth. High temperatures decreased mussel growth and condition in general, but only at low temperatures (10–14 °C) the parasite-induced loss of condition was evident compared to uninfected mussels. Mussel mortality and reproductive activity were not affected by parasite infection, although both were impacted by temperature: the highest temperature (26 °C) increased mussel mortality, and gamete ripening only occurred at lower temperatures (10–18 °C). Taken together, these results suggest that both infection and high temperatures have independent negative effects. However, an increase in temperature does not worsen the effect of infection on individual mussel hosts, and neither does infection decrease host tolerance for long-term exposure to high temperatures. These findings add to our understanding of the interplay between increasing temperature and the interaction between invasive parasites and native hosts, and help predicting host and parasite dynamics in systems affected by species invasions and climate change.
Convergence rates for random feature neural network approximation in molecular dynamics
Authors: Huang Xin , Plecháč Petr , Sandberg Mattias , Szepessy Anders
Published: January 2025

Random feature neural network approximations of the potential in Hamiltonian systems yield approximations of molecular dynamics correlation observables that have the expected error

$$\mathcal {O}\left( \left( K^{-1}+J^{-\frac{1}{2}}\right) ^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) $$

O

K

-
1

+

J

-

1
2

1
2

, for networks with K nodes using J data points, provided the Hessians of the potential and the observables are bounded. The loss function is based on the least squares error of the potential and regularizations, with the data points sampled from the Gibbs density. The proof uses a new derivation of the generalization error for random feature networks that does not apply the Rademacher or related complexities.
Anhydrous HCl gas-induced alcoholysis of cotton linter fibers
Authors: Wang Yingfeng , Pääkkönen Timo , Yousefi Neptun , Kontturi Eero
Published: January 2025

Alcoholysis has attracted attention because of its potential to isolate platform chemicals and biofuel precursors from cellulosic biomass. We investigated the degradation of native cellulose fibers via alcoholysis using various alcohols (ethanol, 2–propanol, t–butanol, and ethylene glycol) and anhydrous HCl gas as an acid catalyst. We explored the impact of these different systems on the leveling-off degree of polymerization (LODP). Fibers soaked in ethylene glycol and t–butanol reached LODP under the default conditions, i.e., 50 wt.% alcohol content. When subjected to a post-hydrolysis step, the fibers previously alcoholyzed in ethanol and 2–propanol attained the LODP level as well. However, the production of monosaccharides during post–hydrolysis was 20 times higher from the fibers that had been alcoholyzed previously by ethanol than with 2–propanol.

Graphical abstract
Parental Separation and Children’s Education—Changes Over Time?
Authors: Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist Sanna , Jalovaara Marika , Myrskylä Mikko
Published: January 2025

The association between parental separation and children’s education has been widely studied, but mainly at a single time point and for marital dissolution only. We examine whether the (generally negative) association has changed across cohorts for several educational outcomes and whether the association differs by parental union type (marriage, cohabitation) and socioeconomic family background (parental education).We use Finnish total population register data. We focus on child cohorts born between 1987 and 2003 (N = 967,242) and analyse grade point averages, secondary education and tertiary education using linear regression and linear probability models with standard errors clustered within families.The association between parental separation and educational achievement is negative and has remained similar across the birth cohorts. Differences according to parental union type and socioeconomic family background are rather small. The stability of the association over time suggests that the consequences of parental separation on children’s education have not changed over time, and they do not depend much on parental union type or family background.
On Quantum Systems with Non-deterministic Yet Non-random Outcomes and Their Potential Link with the Emergence of a Genuine Freedom of Choice
Authors: Shushi Tomer
Published: January 2025

In this short paper, we propose a special class of quantum systems with implicit quantum uncertainties without any probability structure followed by the dynamical behavior of the systems. When a system is deterministic or random, it does not capture the essence of freedom of choice (FOC), which is the ability to make decisions followed by one’s preferences, free from both deterministic and random outcomes. The proposed special class of quantum systems contains non-deterministic yet non-random outcomes, and so they open the possibility of having FOC within the systems. We also examine examples of such a special class of quantum systems that do not violate the postulates of quantum mechanics.
In situ and ex situ conservation gap analyses of crop wild relatives from Northeast Africa
Authors: Aldow Ahmed , Brehm Joana Magos , Gaisberger Hannes , Maxted Nigel
Published: January 2025

Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa closely related to domesticated crops that play a vital role in enhancing crop resilience. This study assessed the conservation status of 97 priority CWR in Northeast Africa through a comprehensive approach, incorporating ecogeographic data and complementarity analysis. The analysis of 4551 occurrence records from 57 CWR highlighted significant gaps in in situ conservation. Notably, the highest number of occurrence records within Protected Areas (PAs) were found in Ethiopia, particularly in Borena National Park, Kafa UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve, and Bonga National Forest Priority Area. However, only 40 taxa (~ 42%) were identified within existing PAs, with Solanum campylacanthum Hochst. cx A. Rich, and Coffea arabica L. being the most prevalent. Ecogeographic Land Characterization (ELC) maps identified 45 distinct ecological zones representing the region’s diverse habitats. Ex situ analysis revealed 1295 occurrence records from 52 taxa (54%) conserved in genebanks, although only 8% of these taxa were represented by more than 50 accessions. S. camplyacanthum and Avena vaviloviana (Malz.) Mordv. had the highest number of accessions. Ecogeographical analysis indicated that ELC zones 8, 17, and 18 had the highest frequencies of occurrence in both PAs and genebanks. Complementarity analysis identified 34 potential genetic reserve areas, covering 42 taxa (43%), compared to 33 taxa conserved across 18 PAs identified by coverage analysis. These findings highlight the urgent need for a comprehensive CWR conservation strategy to protect valuable genetic diversity for future crop breeding programs, ultimately enhancing crop resilience in the face of ongoing and future agricultural challenges.
Toll-like Receptors 1, 3 and 7 Activate Distinct Genetic Features of NF-κB Signaling and γ-Protocadherin Expression in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Chaudhari Aditi , Axelsson Camila , Mattsson Hultén Lillemor , Rotter Sopasakis Victoria
Published: January 2025

Fibroblasts play a pivotal role in key processes within the heart, particularly in cardiac remodeling that follows both ischemic and non-ischemic injury. During remodeling, fibroblasts drive fibrosis and inflammation by reorganizing the extracellular matrix and modulating the immune response, including toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, to promote tissue stabilization. Building on findings from our prior research on heart tissue from patients with advanced coronary artery disease and aortic valve disease, this study sought to explore specific effects of TLR1, TLR3, and TLR7 activation on NF-κB signaling, proinflammatory cytokine production, and γ-protocadherin expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Human cardiac fibroblasts were exposed to agonists for TLR1, TLR3, or TLR7 for 24 h, followed by an analysis of NF-κB signaling, cytokine production, and γ-protocadherin expression. The activation of these TLRs triggered distinct responses in the NF-κB signaling pathway, with TLR3 showing a stronger activation profile compared to TLR1 and TLR7, particularly in downregulating γ-protocadherin expression. These findings highlight a potential role for TLR3 in amplifying inflammatory responses and reducing γ-protocadherin levels in cardiac fibroblasts, correlating with the enhanced inflammation and lower γ-protocadherin expression observed in diseased myocardium from patients with coronary artery disease and aortic valve disease. Consequently, TLR3 represents a potential therapeutic target for modulating immune responses in cardiovascular diseases.