bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of Incidence of Tomato Spotted Wilt in Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines
Authors: Isleib T. G. , Milla-Lewis S. R. , Dong W. B. , Copeland S. C. , Shew B. B. , Arellano C.
Published: July 2013

Tomato spotted wilt (TSW) caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) has become a serious constraint to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in the Virginia-Carolina production area. Regression stability analysis was applied to TSW incidence data collected in 64 trials conducted over 17 years to determine if an array of 31 virginia-type cultivars and breeding lines exhibited variation in their reactions to increasing levels of general TSW intensity compared with the standard field-resistant cultivar Georgia Green and hirsuta-type line PI 576636. Eight cultivars (NC 7, NC 9, NC 10C, NC-V 11, NC 12C, Perry, Phillips, and Brantley) had mean effects greater than zero (P<0.01) while Bailey, four Bailey siblings, and N96076L, Bailey's resistant parent, all had mean effects less than zero (P<0.01). The deviations of the slope of regression on environmental index (β̂k) for four of the eight susceptible cultivars were greater than zero, indicating greater than average reaction to increased levels of TSW. The β̂k for Bailey indicated that its response to increasing levels of TSW was flat. PI 576636 was confirmed as a highly field-resistant line. The slopes of Georgia Green, the standard TSWV-resistant runner-type cultivar, the Bailey siblings and N96076L did not differ from the average of all lines. The correlation between mean effect and β̂k was r  =  0.693, indicating that approximately half the variation in β̂k could be explained by mean effects. However, the regression analysis provided information useful in describing the TSW reactions of the lines and cultivars.
Comparison of Virginia and Runner-Type Peanut Cultivars for Development, Disease, Yield Potential, and Grade Factors in Eastern Virginia
Authors: Balota M. , Phipps P.
Published: July 2013

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop in the Virginia-Carolina (VC) region. Virginia-type cultivars are preferred vs. other peanut types because of the in-shell and gourmet markets that evolved in the VC region around this peanut type. Reduced federal support coupled with increased production costs for the virginia-type peanut vs. other peanut types and recently higher fuel and pesticide prices are good reasons for farmers to consider growing other peanut types than virginia-type in the VC region. Earlier research suggested that runner-type peanut can provide yield, gross value, and economic return similar with virginia-type when grown in the VC region. However, direct comparison of runner and virginia-type cultivars needs to be updated as new cultivars become available. In this study we compared four runner-types with five virginia-type cultivars for plant development, disease incidence, pod yield, pod brightness, grade factors, and gross value in 2009 and 2010. In agreement with earlier findings, the results show that runner-types can provide similar gross returns with virginia-type peanut cultivars when grown in the northern VC region. Florida 07 runner and Bailey virginia-type, currently the most popular cultivars in the VC region, had high yields and gross values in both years. However, Florida 07 and other runners matured later and pods were less bright when compared with the virginia-types. Therefore, growing runners in the northern VC region may be challenging due shorter seasons and reduced pod brightness if peanut is used for in-shell markets.
Effect of inplane loading on sound radiation of a floating runway when an airplane is taking off
Authors: Agarwala Nitin , Nair E M Somashekharan
Published: June 2013

This work is focused on effect of inplane loading on sound generated by an airplane taking off from a floating runway. Assuming runway as a simple, infinitely long beam, modeled as a Timoshenko-Mindlin plate floating on water, an expression for sound radiation incorporating inplane loading is developed, for a wave number ratio of 0.1 to 2.2, to study effect of varying take off speeds and inplane loading. In developing this expression, a Fourier transformation in space in wave number domain is utilized rather than using wave propagation method to reduce analysis to a substructure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i1.10035
Effects of viscous dissipation on natural convection flow along a sphere with radiation and heat generation
Authors: Aktar Salina , Ruma Mahmuda Binte Mostafa , Alim M. A.
Published: June 2013

The effects of viscous dissipation on free convection flow along a sphere with radiation and heat generation have been investigated in this paper. The governing equations with associated boundary conditions for this phenomenon are converted to dimensionless forms using a suitable transformation. The transformed non-linear equations are then solved using the implicit finite difference method. Numerical results of the velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient and surface temperature profiles for different values of the of viscous dissipation parameter Vd ( 0.0 to 4.0), radiation parameter Rd (0.0 to 1.0), the Prandlt number Pr (0.72 to7.0)and the heat generation parameter Q (0.2 to 0.6) are presented graphically. Detailed discussion is given for the effects of the aforementioned parameters. Significant effect is found in the velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient and surface temperature distribution for the Prandtl number, heat generation and radiation parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i1.12809
An evolutionary optimization technique applied to resistance reduction of the ship hull form
Authors: Zakerdoost Hassan , Ghassemi Hassan , Ghiasi Mahmoud
Published: June 2013

Hull form optimization from a hydrodynamic performance point of view is an important aspect of ship design. This paper presents a computational method to estimate the ship resistance (viscous & wave) in calm-water. In the optimization process the evolution strategy (ES) technique is linked to the computational method to obtain an optimum hull form by taking into account the displacement as design constraint. For allowing the large variation of hull form during optimization process the hull surface is represented by NURBS. New hull forms are obtained from the well-known S60 hull and the classical Wigley hull taken as initial hulls in the optimization process at Fn=0.316. The optimization variables are a combination of ship hull offsets and main dimensions. The benchmark results for two test cases indicate that the total resistance of optimized hulls is reduced significantly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i1.12927
Numerical simulation of 2D hydrodynamic impact of wedge and ship section at variable velocity
Authors: Rahaman Md. Mashiur , Akimoto Hiromichi , Ali Md. Ashim
Published: June 2013

A commercial CFD code Fluent 6.3® is used to simulate non-linear free surface flow and compute the impact load during variable velocity water entry of 2D wedge and ship section. The code uses the finite volume method to solve the conservation of mass and momentum equations to obtain simulated flow field. The interface between water and air was modeled using volume of fluid (VOF) method. Wedge section with 30 degree dead-rise angle and a ship section are numerically simulated. Time history of impact force and pressures at distinct locations are predicted; and compared with existing experimental results and other numerical methods. Present numerical results compare well with experimental measurements.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i1.14383
Numerical simulation of transient temperature in flash butt-welded axi-symmetric circular sections.
Authors: Adedayo Segun Mathew , Irehovbude S. O.
Published: June 2013

Thermal history along the length of a circular section subjected to flash-butt welding was analyzed by the finite difference method. A onedimensional nonlinear thermal numerical simulation using a computational model based on the finite difference approach is formulated taking into consideration fusion zone (FZ) temperature as a measure of heat input, ambient and initial temperature of rod. Flexibility of physical characteristics such as bar length, diameter and temperature dependency of thermal properties and variation of boundary conditions were applied. Peak temperatures of 490°C and 410°C were computed for a 20 mm external diameter solid and hollow pipes respectively at distance 5 mm from weld line. Preheat temperatures of 200°C and 400°C resulted into a 41.1% and 89.3% increase respectively in peak temperature as compared with non preheat conditions. The predicted values from this model compared reasonably with experimentally obtained thermal histories. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i1.8683
A postmortem study - age related change of ovarian volume in Bangladeshi female
Authors: Qasim Rubina , Naushaba Humaira , Ullah Md Enayet , Hena Hasna , Perven Hosna Ara
Published: July 2013

Background : Ovarian diseases and infertility are the very common health problems among the female population. Alteration in the volume of the ovary occurs throughout the reproductive life which may predispose to ovarian diseases such as cyst, polycystic ovary and ovarian carcinoma. Moreover, the reduction in ovarian volume leading to decrease the fertility of a women also. So the present study is designed to assess the volume of the ovary in Bangladeshi women in different age groups which will provide a complete and standarize the data in Bangladeshi population and also compare the data with other countries. It will provide resourcefull information which may further determine the ovarian reserve and reproductive age of female for improving the accurate diagnosis and management of ovarian diseases as well as infertility problems. Study design: Cross sectional and analytical type of study. Materials: The present study was performed on 65 cadaveric ovaries of both side in Bangladeshi female age ranging from 5 years to 65 years. Methods: The samples were divided into four different age groups. They were group A or prepubertal group (5-12years), group B or reproductive group (13-45 years), group C or perimenopausal group (46-51years) and group D or postmenopausal group (52-65years). Results: The mean (±SD) volumes were 2.84 + 0.22 milliliter and 2.83±0.24 milliliter in group A, 8.64 + 0.89 milliliter and 8.61± 0.89 milliliter in group B, 6.85 + 0.79 milliliter and 6.84±0.76 milliliter in group C and 2.62 + 0. 52 milliliter and 2.61± 0.50 milliliter in group D in the right & left ovaries respectively. The highest mean volume was observed in group B and lowest mean volume was in group D in both ovaries. Statistically highly significant difference (P<0.001) were found when group A was compared with group B & C, group B was compared with group C & D and group C was compared with group D. But when group A was compared with group D, it was not significant (P<0.50).The mean difference in volumes of right and left ovary between group A, group B, group C and group D were statistically not significant. Conclusion: In this study, volume of the ovary does not vary in between right and left ovary in any age group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15482 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 08-12
Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the dental students in Dhaka
Authors: Jahan Mohammed Shahed , Shaikh Mushfiq Hassan , Begum Jahanara , Chowdhury Tazdik G , Hasan Morshed
Published: July 2013

Aims:This was a cross-sectional study done in the City Dental College, Malibagh, Chowdhurypara. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the final year dental students during the period between April to June 2012. Materials and Method:Convenient sampling technique was used and a total of 77 final year dental students were included. A pretested questionnaire was used in English and information was gathered by face to face interview regarding demographic characteristics and HIV/AIDS related knowledge which contained; meaning of HIV/AIDS cause of HIV/AIDS, mode of transmission, risk group, preventive measure. Result:The data were analyzed by computer software SPSS version 17. The study showed that 23.4 percent of the respondents had poor knowledge on HIV/AIDS. About 18.1% know that AIDS can be transmitted if having sexual contact with HIV positive case. Moreover, 13.8% have knowledge about HIV contaminated blood transfusion, 15.1% have knowledge about HIV infected mother to child, 14.6 % know that HIV infection can cause by pricking an infected needle and 10.5% know that it can transmit through body fluids like blood; semen etc. 45.1% had knowledge about injury by infected surgical instrument. Conclusion:The study revealed that the relationship between the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among dental students and sex of the respondents is statistically significant. It is evident that even in the second decade of the AIDS epidemic, final year dental students continue to have a lack of proper knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Training Programme should be arranged on HIV/AIDS for the dental students during clinical attachment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15531 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 23-27
Changing Concepts in Reattachment of Tooth Fracture
Authors: Uddin MF , Naser M , Howlader MMR , Alam MS , Nabi MN
Published: July 2013

The majority of dental trauma involves anterior teeth, especially the maxillary central incisors. A crown fracture with pulp tissue involvement, severe sensitivity, and pain is certainly unpleasant for the patient. If the original tooth fragment is retained following fracture, the natural tooth structures can be reattached using adhesive protocols to ensure reliable strength, durability and aesthetics. This case report will discuss a case history of 21 year old patient who accidentally injured his maxillary left central incisor. After local anesthesia, the fractured part was carefully separated and at the same time, the Supernumerary tooth was removed. After completion of root canal treatment, the tooth fragment was successfully reattached with an adhesive tooth reattachment technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15535 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 42-46
Could Age be a potential decelerating factor in clinical orthodontics?
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , ShahriarQuader Sheikh Md , AfzalKhan Md Ali , Hossain Md Mahfuz
Published: July 2013

Managing malocclusion by orthodontic treatment require consideration of many factor. One of the important this one is age, as it is the indicator of remaining growth and development of face and jaw and body generally. Clinicians often remain in doubt to plane the orthodontic treatment especially with adult age group. Many biological and psychosocial factors associated with adultsneed a change in biomechanics and treatment approach than that in growing adolescents.This article reports and describesorthodontic management of two adult (from both gender)with modification of conventional approach that manage those successfully. Two years post treatment follow up already ensure stable occlusions and improve quality of life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15537 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 51-55
MAEWEST Expression in Flower Development of Two Petunia Species
Authors: Segatto Ana , Turchetto-Zolet Andreia , Aizza Lilian , Monte-Bello Carolina , Dornelas Marcelo , Margis Rogerio , Freitas Loreta
Published: July 2013

Changes in flower morphology may influence the frequency and specificity of animal visitors. In Petunia (Solanaceae), adaptation to different pollinators is one of the factors leading to species diversification within the genus. This study provides evidence that differential expression patterns of MAWEWEST (MAW) homologs in different Petunia species may be associated with adaptive changes in floral morphology. The Petunia × hybrida MAW gene belongs to the WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) transcription factor family and has been identified as a controller of petal fusion during corolla formation. We analyzed the expression patterns of P. inflata and P. axillaris MAW orthologs (PiMAW and PaMAW, respectively) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription–quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization in different tissues and different developmental stages of flowers in both species. The spatial expression patterns of PiMAW and PaMAW were similar in P. inflata and P. axillaris. Nevertheless, PaMAW expression level in P. axillaris was higher during the late bud development stage as compared to PiMAW in P. inflata. This work represents an expansion of petunia developmental research to wild accessions.
Knockdown of FABP3 Impairs Cardiac Development in Zebraﬁsh through the Retinoic Acid Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Xuejie , Zhou Lijuan , Jin Jin , Yang Yang , Song Guixian , Shen Yahui , Liu Hailang , Liu Ming , Shi Chunmei , Qian Lingmei
Published: July 2013

Fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family, and is primarily expressed in cardiac muscle tissue. Previously, we found that FABP3 is highly expressed in patients with ventricular-septal defects and is often used as a plasma biomarker in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and may play a significant role in the development of these defects in humans. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of FABP3 in the embryonic development of the zebrafish heart, and specifically how morpholino (MO) mediated knockdown of FABP3 would affect heart development in this species. Our results revealed that knockdown of FABP3 caused significant impairment of cardiac development observed, including developmental delay, pericardial edema, a linear heart tube phenotype, incomplete cardiac loop formation, abnormal positioning of the ventricles and atria, downregulated expression of cardiac-specific markers and decreased heart rate. Mechanistically, our data showed that the retinoic acid (RA) catabolizing enzyme Cyp26a1 was upregulated in FABP3-MO zebrafish, as indicated by in situ hybridization and real-time PCR. On the other hand, the expression level of the RA synthesizing enzyme Raldh2 did not significantly change in FABP3-MO injected zebrafish. Collectively, our results indicated that FABP3 knockdown had significant effects on cardiac development, and that dysregulated RA signaling was one of the mechanisms underlying this effect. As a result, these studies identify FABP3 as a candidate gene underlying the etiology of congenital heart defects.
Spinnability and Characteristics of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)-based Bicomponent Fibers with a Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Modified Polypropylene Core for Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Glauß Benjamin , Steinmann Wilhelm , Walter Stephan , Beckers Markus , Seide Gunnar , Gries Thomas , Roth Georg
Published: July 2013

This research explains the melt spinning of bicomponent fibers, consisting of a conductive polypropylene (PP) core and a piezoelectric sheath (polyvinylidene fluoride). Previously analyzed piezoelectric capabilities of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are to be exploited in sensor filaments. The PP compound contains a 10 wt % carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2 wt % sodium stearate (NaSt). The sodium stearate is added to lower the viscosity of the melt. The compound constitutes the fiber core that is conductive due to a percolation CNT network. The PVDF sheath’s piezoelectric effect is based on the formation of an all-trans conformation β phase, caused by draw-winding of the fibers. The core and sheath materials, as well as the bicomponent fibers, are characterized through different analytical methods. These include wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) to analyze crucial parameters for the development of a crystalline β phase. The distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix, which affects the conductivity of the core, was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal characterization is carried out by conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Optical microscopy is used to determine the fibers’ diameter regularity (core and sheath). The materials’ viscosity is determined by rheometry. Eventually, an LCR tester is used to determine the core’s specific resistance.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of Graphene and Its Derivatives
Authors: Adán-Más Alberto , Wei Di
Published: July 2013

Graphene and its derivatives combine a numerous range of supreme properties that can be useful in many applications. The purpose of this review is to analyse the photoelectrochemical properties of pristine graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and their impact on semiconductor catalysts/quantum dots. The mechanism that this group of materials follows to improve their performance will be cleared by explaining how those properties can be exploited in several applications such as photo-catalysts (degradation of pollutants) and photovoltaics (solar cells).
Major Odorants Released as Urinary Volatiles by Urinary Incontinent Patients
Authors: Pandey Sudhir , Kim Ki-Hyun , Choi Si , Sa In , Oh Soo
Published: July 2013

In this study, volatile urinary components were collected using three different types of samples from patients suffering from urinary incontinence (UI): (1) urine (A); (2) urine + non-used pad (B); and (3) urine + used pad (C). In addition, urine + non-used pad (D) samples from non-patients were also collected as a reference. The collection of urinary volatiles was conducted with the aid of a glass impinger-based mini-chamber method. Each of the four sample types (A through D) was placed in a glass impinger and incubated for 4 hours at 37 °C. Ultra pure air was then passed through the chamber, and volatile urine gas components were collected into Tedlar bags at the other end. These bag samples were then analyzed for a wide range of VOCs and major offensive odorants (e.g., reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), carbonyls, trimethylamine (TMA), ammonia, etc.). Among the various odorants, sulfur compounds (methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide) and aldehydes (acetaldehyde, butylaldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde) were detected above odor threshold and predicted to contribute most effectively to odor intensity of urine incontinence.
Survival and Functional Restoration of Human Fetal Ventral Mesencephalon following Transplantation in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rath Anika , Klein Alexander , Papazoglou Anna , Pruszak Jan , Garcia Joanna , Krause Martin , Maciaczyk Jaroslaw , Dunnett Stephen B. , Nikkhah Guido
Published: June 2013

Cell replacement therapy by intracerebral transplantation of fetal dopaminergic neurons has become a promising therapeutic option for patients suffering from Parkinson's disease during the last decades. However, limited availability of human fetal tissue as well as ethical issues, lack of alternative nonfetal donor cells, and the absence of standardized transplantation protocols have prevented neurorestorative therapies from becoming a routine procedure in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Improvement of graft survival, surgery techniques, and identification of the optimal target area are imperative for further optimization of this novel treatment. In the present study, human primary fetal ventral mesencephalon-derived tissue from 7- to 9-week-old human fetuses was transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Graft survival, fiber outgrowth, and drug-induced rotational behavior up to 14 weeks posttransplantation were compared between different intrastriatal transplantation techniques (full single cell suspension vs. partial tissue pieces suspension injected by glass capillary or metal cannula) and the intranigral glass capillary injection of a full (single cell) suspension. The results demonstrate a higher survival rate of dopamine neurons, a greater reduction in amphetamine-induced rotations (overcompensation), and more extensive fiber outgrowth for the intrastriatally transplanted partial (tissue pieces) suspension compared to all other groups. Apomorphine-induced rotational bias was significantly reduced in all groups including the intranigral group. The data confirm that human ventral mesencephalon-derived cells serve as a viable cell source, survive in a xenografting paradigm, and functionally integrate into the host tissue. In contrast to rat donor cells, keeping the original (fetal) neuronal network by preparing only a partial suspension containing tissue pieces seems to be beneficial for human cells, although a metal cannula that causes greater tissue trauma to the host is required for injection. In addition, homotopic intranigral grafts may represent a complimentary grafting approach to the “classical” ectopic intrastriatal target site in PD.
Radio Electric Conveyed Fields Directly Reprogram Human Dermal Skin Fibroblasts toward Cardiac, Neuronal, and Skeletal Muscle-Like Lineages
Authors: Maioli Margherita , Rinaldi Salvatore , Santaniello Sara , Castagna Alessandro , Pigliaru Gianfranco , Gualini Sara , Cavallini Claudia , Fontani Vania , Ventura Carlo
Published: June 2013

Somatic cells can be directly reprogrammed to alternative differentiated fates without first becoming stem/progenitor cells. Nevertheless, the initial need for viral-mediated gene delivery renders this strategy unsafe in humans. Here, we provide evidence that exposure of human skin fibroblasts to a Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC), an innovative device delivering radio electric conveyed fields at a radiofrequency of 2.4 GHz, afforded remarkable commitment toward cardiac, neuronal, and skeletal muscle lineages. REAC induced the transcription of tissue-restricted genes, including Mef2c, Tbx5, GATA4, Nkx2.5, and prodynorphin for cardiac reprogramming, as well as myoD, and neurogenin 1 for skeletal myogenesis and neurogenesis, respectively. Conversely, REAC treatment elicited a biphasic effect on a number of stemness-related genes, leading to early transcriptional increase of Oct4, Sox2, cMyc, Nanog, and Klf4 within 6–20 h, followed by a downregulation at later times. The REAC action bypassed a persistent reprogramming toward an induced pluripotent stem cell-like state and involved the transcriptional induction of the NADPH oxidase subunit Nox4. Our results show for the first time the feasibility of using a physical stimulus to afford the expression of pluripotentiality in human adult somatic cells up to the attainment of three major target lineages for regenerative medicine.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives involving the carboxylic group: a new molecular probe for ZnO nanoparticles with unusual fluorescence features
Authors: Bekere Laura , Gachet David , Lokshin Vladimir , Marine Wladimir , Khodorkovsky Vladimir
Published: July 2013

Of a series of 4-substituted 1,8-naphthalimides, fluorescent 4-(6-piperidinyl-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)benzoic acid (4) was found to be a sensitive molecular probe for ZnO nanoparticles. We investigated in detail one- and two-photon absorption properties of this fluorophore. In nonpolar solvents, the acid 4 absorbs at about 400 nm and fluoresces at 500 nm with a fluorescence lifetime of about 7 ns, similar to the ester 6 and typical of the lifetimes of other derivatives of this type. Although the anionic form of this acid is not fluorescent, partial ionization of 4 in polar solvents, such as ethanol and acetonitrile, is not only accompanied by the expected decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield, but also gives rise to bathochromic shifts of both absorption and fluorescence and dual fluorescence with lifetimes of 0.2–0.3 ns and 6 ns ascribed to the formation of anionic complexes. The interaction with the ZnO surface brings about further considerable changes in the fluorescence patterns.
Vers un parlement mondial
Authors: Falk Richard , Strauss Andrew , Lourme Louis
Published: July 2013

Cet article de Richard Falk et Andrew Strauss paru dans Foreign Affairs (vol. 80, n? 1, janvier-février 2001) imagine la construction d’un parlement mondial. Bien qu’un tel projet puisse évidemment sembler utopique, les auteurs entendent en montrer la nécessité historique et politique. Depuis une dizaine d’années, cette proposition a été très largement débattue dans le champ des études politiques contemporaines anglo-saxonnes. L’article proposé ici est le point de départ de ce débat. À la suite de sa parution, les auteurs n’ont cessé d’approfondir leur conception d’une nouvelle assemblée mondiale qui s’ajouterait à l’assemblée générale des Nations unies, pour démocratiser la gouvernance mondiale.
Les Jéco 2012, cinquième édition
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal
Published: July 2013

Les Jéco 2012 avaient pour thème général : « Comment faire autrement ? » Depuis le déclenchement de la crise financière en 2007, les questions se sont enchaînées : logiquement, on a commencé par rechercher les causes, puis on s’est interrogé sur l’ampleur de la récession et sur sa durée. Enfin, les réflexions se sont multipliées sur les voies à emprunter pour retrouver le chemin de la croissance économique. Un constat s’impose : à tous les niveaux d’analyse, une idée revient, « on ne pourra plus faire comme avant ». Il faut repenser le rôle de l’État, des marchés, des territoires, les formes de gouvernance – tant au niveau des entreprises que des institutions publiques –, les stratégies d’innovation, les mesures et les incitations à mettre en œuvre pour surmonter les défis environnementaux et sociaux... Sur ces sujets, seize économistes ont apporté leurs réflexions dans un numéro spécial de Problèmes économiques dédié à ces Journées (en ligne [1]). Ce dossier est l’occasion de revenir sur quatre conférences qui se sont déroulées dans ce cadre. Chaque rédacteur a repris le contenu de ces interventions en précisant les points qui semblaient essentiels et en prolongeant les analyses afin d’apporter la synthèse la plus utile possible sur chacun des sujets. Ceux qui souhaitent prolonger ce dossier pourront retrouver des entretiens sur le blog des Jéco[2], ainsi que les vidéos de nombreuses conférences qui se sont tenues sur l’ensemble des cinq éditions, dans la bibliothèque virtuelle[3]. [1] www.journeeseconomie.org/pbeco2012 [2] Blog des Jéco, alimenté par des étudiants en journalisme économique : http://www.journeeseconomie.org/blog/ [3] www.touteconomie.org/bibli
Analyse fonctionnelle des addictions au regard des structures de personnalité ou la question de la séparation
Authors: Ribeyrolles Amandine
Published: July 2013

Cet écrit vise à apporter une lecture clinique quant à la question du recours à un produit psychoactif, grâce à une approche psychodynamique et à partir d’une clinique issue de ma pratique en Equipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie à l’hôpital général. Cette clinique a la particularité de se trouver à l’interface entre le somatique et le psychique. Je partirai de la littérature existante concernant les addictions pour ensuite aboutir à une analyse fonctionnelle des addictions en général, puis suivant chaque structure de personnalité. Je montrerai, en appui sur divers apports théoriques et grâce à trois vignettes cliniques, comment le recours aux produits vient en lieu et place d’un processus de symbolisation primaire défaillant et dans le but de tenter de représenter des éprouvés traumatiques qui n’ont pas pu l’être. La question de la séparation et du défaut de symbolisation de l’absence est au cœur des conduites addictives.
Allez Racing : décryptage du processus d'affirmation et d'idéalisation d'une identité minière au sein d'un club de football amateur du bassin houiller aveyronnais (1951-1961)
Authors: Arnal Thierry
Published: July 2013

Au début des années 1950, les dirigeants d’un club de football du bassin houiller aveyronnais décident d’éditer un bulletin hebdomadaire. S’ils le présentent comme un outil ayant fonction de fédérer les amis du club en favorisant les liens de sociabilité, il s’avère qu’ Allez Racing est aussi un instrument de propagande utilisé pour donner au club une identité minière forte en même temps qu’un ascendant symbolique sur les autres clubs du bassin. Cette stratégie, qui passe par l’idéalisation des valeurs du monde de la mine, va leur permettre de faire du Racing le porte-drapeau du football dans le bassin jusqu’à ce que, par le jeu d’une fusion avec le club voisin, soit créé l’Olympique minier aveyronnais.
Aprovisionamiento de sílex en el Prepirineo oriental durante el Paleolítico superior antiguo: el nivel arqueológico 497C de Cova Gran (Santa Linya, Lleida)
Authors: Roy Sunyer Miquel , Tarriño Vinagre Andoni , Benito-Calvo Alfonso , Mora Torcal Rafael , Martínez-Moreno Jorge
Published: July 2013

La prospección sistemática de las Sierras Marginales Catalanas (SMC) y el sector oriental de la Cuenca del Ebro ha permitido catalogar los recursos de sílex de esta región. Su posterior estudio mediante métodos petrográficos (caracterización macro y microscópica) y mineralógicos (Difracción de Rayos X) ha determinado la procedencia de los artefactos de sílex hallados en la unidad arqueológica 497C de Cova Gran de Santa Linya. La predilección por los materiales autóctonos (98,6% de sílex Garumniense) y el hallazgo de stocks de materia prima definen un interesante sistema de gestión de los recursos líticos para esta unidad del Paleolítico superior antiguo en el ámbito del Prepirineo oriental.
La explotación tartésica de la casiterita entre los ríos Tajo y Guadiana: San Cristóbal de Logrosán (Cáceres)
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Alonso , Pavón Soldevila Ignacio , Duque Espino David M. , Ponce de León Iglesias Moisés , Hunt Ortiz Mark A. , Merideth Craig
Published: July 2013

El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una síntesis de la investigación arqueológica y arqueominera realizada entre 1998 y 2000-2002 en el Cerro de San Cristóbal de Logrosán (Cáceres). Esta permite proponer una probable ‘cadena operativa’ del beneficio de la casiterita en este lugar durante el tránsito Bronce Final-Periodo Orientalizante. La gestión e imbricación del mineral en las relaciones Tajo-Guadiana y en los circuitos atlántico-mediterráneos confluyentes en el Suroeste de la Península Ibérica parecen justificar, entre otras razones, la temprana integración del actual territorio extremeño en Tartessos. La investigación en Logrosán y la arqueología del estaño se vieron bruscamente interrumpidas por el inesperado fallecimiento de su principal impulsor, Craig Merideth. Su continuidad pretende canalizarse a través de la reciente declaración del Cerro de San Cristóbal como “geositio” del Geoparque “Ibores-Villuercas-Jara” y del proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i El tiempo del tesoro de Aliseda, entre cuyas acciones se encuentra la prospección arqueominera del oeste de la penillanura cacereña realizada en 2011.
La utilización de marfil de cachalote en el Calcolítico de Portugal
Authors: Schuhmacher Thomas X. , Banerjee Arun , Dindorf Willi , Sastri Chaturvedula , Sauvage Thierry
Published: July 2013

En el marco de un proyecto de investigación sobre objetos de marfil del Calcolítico al Bronce Antiguo en la Península Ibérica efectuamos análisis científicos. En varios de los objetos de la Estremadura portuguesa, en especial en los botones con perforación en V, detectamos por primera vez la presencia de marfil de cachalote. Así se demuestra claramente la ventaja y la necesidad de efectuar análisis científicos del marfil. No todo el marfil utilizado provenía de los elefantes africanos y asiáticos. Además encontramos marfil del desaparecido Elephas antiquus, de hipopótamo, y en este caso de cachalote. Así ya en el Calcolítico el origen de la materia prima era muy diverso, lo que en ausencia de análisis científicos puede conducir a una errónea interpretación de las redes prehistóricas de intercambio. Los métodos empleados fueron la microscopia óptica, la medición de la dureza y del peso específico, la espectroscopía Micro-Raman, el análisis elemental y la espectrometría isotópica de masas. En este trabajo presentamos estos métodos y los resultados. Además discutimos sus consecuencias para la reconstrucción de la economía y la vida de las sociedades prehistóricas de la región. Teniendo en cuenta las condiciones naturales y los datos prehistóricos e históricos sobre la caza de ballenas y el aprovechamiento de animales varados consideramos que la explicación más plausible de la presencia de marfil de cachalote en el caso del Calcolítico portugués es el uso de dientes de cachalotes varados. Cabe esta interpretación dado que las poblaciones que emplean este marfil son las que viven cerca del mar explotando, entre otros, los recursos marinos.
Sur le « scénarique »
Authors: Mitterand Henri
Published: July 2013

La critique génétique des phrases et des suites de phrases scrute l’enchaînement des corrections apparues d’un point à un autre de la chaîne verbale. Complémentairement, la critique génétique scénarique étudie la genèse et les transformations des scénarios d’ensemble et des modes d’enchaînement des unités narratives. On propose ici qu’elle ne s’attache pas seulement aux structures de surface de cette narraturgie, mais aussi à ses structures profondes. D’une part en distinguant les étapes virtuelles de toute scénarisation – actualisées ou non : le scénario (« scénario » flaubertien ou « ébauche » zolienne), le découpage, le montage, la composition. D’autre part en faisant appel à une sémiotique générative qui dégagera les noyaux invariants, subtextuels ou actualisés, de la composition narrative, et étudiera leur montée et leurs transformations dans l’avant-texte, au plan paradigmatique (actanciel) et au plan syntagmatique (programmatique). L’article prend pour exemple l’ébauche de L’Assommoir.
Chemins de l’œuvre
Authors: Herschberg Pierrot Anne
Published: July 2013

L’article croise le domaine de la littérature et celui de l’art pour étudier certains aspects des styles de la genèse qui mettent en jeu les relations de l’espace et du temps. Il prend appui sur les écrits et l’œuvre plastique de Klee pour réfléchir sur le mouvement de la genèse, et sur la polyphonie. D’origine musicale, la polyphonie tient en une simultanéité des voix, que transpose Paul Klee dans l’espace du tableau. Cette approche spatio-temporelle de la polyphonie dans les manuscrits renouvelle et complète l’approche linguistique de la polyphonie issue des travaux de Bakhtine et de Ducrot. Elle invite à penser le temps dans l’espace comme une rythmique. Prolongeant cette réflexion, on se demandera si la rythmique singulière de la genèse ne peut être considérée elle-même comme un style – un style de genèse – qui serait une signature privée de l’œuvre.
Mondes possibles, mondes fictionnels, mondes construits et processus de genèse
Authors: Ferrer Daniel
Published: July 2013

La critique génétique ne peut pas ignorer la dimension extensionnelle de la genèse. Elle aurait avantage à s’appuyer sur l’idée de monde, sans doute plus utile, à cet égard, que la notion de diégèse, parce qu’elle permet de concevoir une pluralité de mondes stipulés. En prenant soin de distinguer mondes textuels et mondes fictionnels, on pourra s’inspirer de la logique des mondes possibles pour essayer de préciser le statut des mondes, à la fois réels et virtuels, créés au cours de la genèse et pour définir les règles d’accessibilité qui régissent les rapports entre ces mondes.
La critique génétique et les sciences cognitives
Authors: Lebrave Jean-Louis
Published: July 2013

Cet article explore les rapports entre la critique génétique et les sciences cognitives. Qu’il s’agisse des « sciences formelles » des chercheurs en intelligence artificielle ou du « darwinisme mental » élaboré par Jean-Pierre Changeux, l’ambition affichée des sciences cognitives est d’introduire un changement de paradigme radical dans l’appréhension des processus de création. L’importance de ce bouleversement est évaluée ici d’une part à partir de deux outils de modélisation cognitive utilisés en intelligence artificielle, l’abduction – souvent considérée comme le moteur de la créativité dans les sciences – et la résolution de problème, d’autre part à partir des premières expériences d’imagerie cérébrale consacrées à la production de récits. Ces recherches sont stimulantes, et le bilan provisoire est loin d’être négatif. Néanmoins, c’est sans doute la recherche d’universaux cognitifs impliqués dans les processus de création qui paraît pour l’instant la plus prometteuse, notamment à travers les coopérations entre critique génétique et psychologie cognitive.
Comment comprendre et penser le manuscrit ?
Authors: Willemart Philippe
Published: July 2013

Avant d’examiner le manuscrit, tout chercheur se fait une idée de son objet, un préjugé en quelque sorte, qui le pousse, le sachant ou non, à examiner son matériel d’une certaine façon. Déjà en 1994, Almuth Grésillon nous avait appris à saisir la naissance du manuscrit à l’aide de trois métaphores, deux reprises aux écrivains, « l’une de type organiciste, l’autre de type constructiviste » et une troisième, celle du chemin. Dans cet article, je m’attacherai à l’étape qui précède les études sur le manuscrit et de l’idée que nous pourrions nous en faire et m’inspirerai pour ce faire de Réda Benkirane qui a rassemblé des interviews de chercheurs contemporains qui vont de Francisco Varela à Edgar Morin en passant par Michel Serres et beaucoup d’autres. Sans doute, pourront-ils nous faire voir des choses inhabituelles et nous faire mieux comprendre nos manuscrits. J’utiliserai le concept de « structure perceptive » qui annonce un mode de perception, ou mieux encore, celui de « filtre » dans le sens proustien du mot, j’en propose cinq, c’est-à-dire, une forme par laquelle passent amoureusement notre perception et notre désir du manuscrit qui se transforment par le fait même.
Le journal : genèse d’une pratique
Authors: Lejeune Philippe
Published: July 2013

Comment étudier la genèse d’un texte écrit dans l’instant, et qui perdrait de sa valeur d’authenticité s’il était retouché ? D’un texte qui est la trace d’une pratique, et que sa transformation en œuvre (en particulier par la publication) risque d’appauvrir et de défigurer ? Cette étude s’applique à montrer que si la marge de manœuvre de la génétique est étroite, elle existe néanmoins : notes préparatoires et rédaction au propre dans la même journée, situations d’intertextualité (notes de lecture, citations de correspondance, etc), analyse des transformations progressives du rythme du journal, écriture par le diariste de la relecture de son journal, recopiage… Au-delà, on quitte le territoire du journal pour entrer dans celui de l’autobiographie (sélection ou montage du journal par l’auteur lui-même), où les études génétiques retrouvent toute leur extension, ou dans celui de l’édition.
Interférences et création
Authors: Orban Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2013

Les interférences dans le processus de création littéraire ont été assez peu étudiées. L’article s’attache en particulier aux interventions éditoriales. Celles-ci s’avèrent sensibles dans la littérature francophone et plus spécifiquement chez les auteurs africains situés dans un rapport colonial ou postcolonial à l’édition française. La suspicion de réécriture forcée des manuscrits a longtemps régné dans ces rapports et a conduit aux rumeurs les plus diverses, souvent infondées. L’article entend proposer une étude dépassionnée, fondée sur des documents, de la relation auteur-éditeur conçue comme une dynamique plutôt que comme un affrontement. Dans cet esprit, sont comparées les deux versions connues du roman L’État honteux de l’écrivain congolais Sony Labou Tansi. Une analyse qui vise à démontrer que la réécriture de la première version est essentiellement le fait de l’auteur lui-même mais à partir d’une recommandation expresse de l’éditeur, la réponse dépassant dans ce cas les termes de la demande.
Acknowledging the Distance Learner
Authors: Andrews Trish
Published: July 2013

The growth of e-learning, particularly distance learning via e-learning, is widely recognised as a significant factor influencing higher education in the 21st century. The rapid and ongoing uptake of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for teaching and learning, along with the recognition that increased student engagement can lead to more effective learning, is changing the way in which teaching and learning occurs in universities. This chapter suggests that the distance learner is frequently overlooked in the current climate when it comes to consideration of student needs and that current applications of ICT for distance learning raises questions about the quality of their learning experience. The chapter discusses the role of the student voice in understanding and addressing students’ needs in relation to the quality of their learning experience and suggests that greater attention needs to be paid to the distinct voice of the distance education student. The chapter provides some methodologies for collecting the student’s voice and gives consideration to how addressing the distance learners’ voice to enhance their learning experience might be most effectively accomplished.
Haptic and Gesture-Based Assistive Technologies for People with Motor Disabilities
Authors: Rivera Luis Alberto , DeSouza Guilherme N.
Published: July 2013

The goal of this chapter is to explain how haptic and gesture-based assistive technologies work and how people with motor disabilities can interact with computers, cell phones, power wheelchairs, and so forth. The interaction is achieved through gestures and haptic feedback interfaces using bioelectrical signals such as in surface Electromyography. The chapter also provides a literature survey on ElectroMyoGraphic (EMG) devices and their use in the design of assistive technology, while it covers typical techniques used for pattern recognition and classification of EMG signals (including Independent Component Analysis, Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy, Support Vector Machines, Principle Component Analysis, the use of wavelet coefficients, and time versus frequency domain features) the main point driven by this literature survey is the frequent use of multiple sensors in the design and implementation of assistive technologies. This point is contrasted with the state-of-the-art, more specifically the authors’ current work, on the use of a single sensor as opposed to multiple sensors.
Assistive Technologies for Brain-Injured Gamers
Authors: Colman Jason , Gnanayutham Paul
Published: July 2013

This chapter surveys assistive technologies which make video games more accessible for people who have an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). As medical care improves, an increasing number of people survive ABI. Video games have been shown to provide therapeutic benefits in many medical contexts, and rehabilitation for ABI survivors has been shown to be facilitated by playing some types of video game. Therefore, technologies which improve the accessibility of games have the potential to bring a form of therapy to a larger group of people who may benefit. Hardware technologies which may make games more accessible for brain injury survivors are considered. Complementing these devices is the inclusion of accessibility features into games during the development process. The creation of best practice accessibility guidelines among game development practitioners is a nascent field, considered important by the authors. Play testing is common practice during game development. We consider the ethical issues involved when the play testers are brain injury survivors. Overall, the aim of this chapter is to improve the accessibility of future games, and thus their therapeutic potential, for brain injured and other disabled gamers.