bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incapacidades físicas da hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no estado do Tocantins, Brasil, 2001 a 2020
Authors: Carvalho Rosanilde Alencar , Alencar Júlia Letycia Gomes , Souza Sttefany Messias de , Araújo Victória Neves Brito de , Monteiro Lorena Dias
Published: April 2022

Descrever a tendência de incapacidades físicas da hanseníase em crianças no estado do Tocantins. Realizou-se análise dos cálculos dos indicadores de hanseníase e das tendências temporais no período de 2001 a 2020. Foram diagnosticados 1.983 casos novos de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos. O grau 2 de incapacidade física foi mais prevalente no sexo masculino (66,67%). A prevalência de casos com grau 1 e 2 de incapacidade física foi maior na classificação multibacilar, mas a classificação paucibacilar teve registro de 31,56% de grau 1 e 17,95% de grau 2. O coeficiente de detecção e a proporção de casos com grau 2 apresentaram estabilidade na tendência no período total. Entre os anos de 2014 e 2020, a proporção de casos paucibacilares tiveram uma redução significativa de 26,2%, enquanto no período de 2014 e 2018 os casos de multibacilares tiveram um aumento de 38,2%. A proporção de casos de grau 1 teve incremento significativo de 16,3% entre 2001 e 2010 e de 58,7% entre 2014 e 2018 e de estabilidade no período total. As incapacidades físicas em crianças e adolescentes mantêm-se como um importante problema de saúde pública no momento do diagnóstico da hanseníase no estado do Tocantins. A tendência de estabilidade nas incapacidades aponta a constância da endemia, diagnóstico tardio, prevalência oculta e sequelas em crianças. Falhas operacionais e no manejo clínico foram claramente identificados, o que reafirma a necessidade de se empreender mais esforços para a qualificação da atenção à hanseníase.
Anestesia total intravenosa com propofol e dexmedetomidina em cadelas submetidas à ovário-histerectomia
Authors: Boff Gustavo Antônio , Naspolini Bárbara Machado , Kalb Ana Cristina , Pires Bruna , Lima Camila Moura de , Guim Thomas Normanton , Nobre Márcia Oliveira , Gehrcke Martielo Ivan
Published: April 2022

A anestesia intravenosa é amplamente emprega em cães e a adição de adjuvantes complementa a analgesia e reduz doses de propofol empregadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação da dexmedetomidina ao propofol na anestesia intravenosa em cães. Foram selecionadas 15 cadelas, adultas, hígidas, pesando 13,8 ±4,7 kg. Após pré-medicação com acepromazina e metadona, foram distribuídas nos grupos GDEX (n = 8) em que foi administrada dexmedetomidina (2 µg/kg em bolus + 1 µg/kg/h IV) ou controle GC (n = 7), com salina no mesmo volume, para então administrar propofol em ambos grupos. Os animais foram mantidos com propofol ajustando-se a taxa ao plano anestésico e suplementados com oxigênio à 100%. Foram avaliados: escala de indução, eletrocardiograma, frequências cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica com doppler, pressão de gás carbônico expirado e saturação de oxigênio periférico. Quando necessário foi administrado fentanil (2,5 µg/kg IV). Ao final, foram contabilizados a taxa de propofol, consumo de fentanil, tempo cirúrgico, extubação, alta anestésica e escore de sangramento. Houve redução média de 46% de na frequência cardíaca após administração de dexmedetomidina. Ao mesmo tempo que após indução a pressão arterial sistólica foi de 125 ±26 mmHg no GC comparada 148 ±42 mmHg em GDEX. Houve também, redução de 73% no consumo de fentanil e 29% na taxa de propofol. Ainda, o escore visual de sangramento foi maior no GDEX. Conclui- se que a associação da dexmedetomidina ao protocolo diminuiu a taxa de propofol e melhorou a analgesia transoperatória de cadelas submetidas à castração.
Bundle de prevenção de infecção no trato urinário na UTI Adulto: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Santos Silvia Renata Pereira dos , Teixeira Vitória Regina Silva , Oliveira Lucas Ferreira de , Carvalho Thiago dos Santos , Lima João Gabriel Duarte de , Franco Isadora Menezes , Santos Davi Caldas dos
Published: April 2022

Existem diversas infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) associadas a diversos procedimentos, no entanto, as Infecções de Trato Urinário (ITU) chamam atenção por serem umas das mais prevalentes, apesar do grande potencial preventivo no momento da cateterização. Com a finalidade de aprimorar a assistência e o processo de cuidado dispõem que surge, inserido nas boas práticas, o conceito de bundle, que seriam pequenos “pacotes” de intervenção bem evidenciados com o intuito de garantir a segurança do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar artigos sobre bundle de prevenção de ITU de pacientes em terapia intensiva. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa através da técnica Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) de artigos de pesquisa. Foram revisados 20 artigos que se encaixavam nos critérios de refinamento da pesquisa, publicados entre 1996 a 2016 tendo predominância de 85% de produção procedente da região Sudeste. As principais recomendações preventivas de ITU encontradas foram: lavagem das mãos antes do procedimento; manutenção do sistema fechado e da bolsa coletora abaixo da bexiga; inserção do cateter em técnica asséptica e higienização do meato uretral. Conclui-se então que há uma reduzida a produção de artigos pela equipe de enfermagem e inexpressiva/inexistente nas outras regiões do país.
Influência da aplicação foliar de silício no desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho sob déficit hídrico no semiárido piauiense
Authors: Araújo Vinícius de Sousa , Sousa Thalma Katiani Rodrigues  de , Nobre Rafael de Sousa , Santos Cássio de Moura , Negreiros Katriny Kellen da Silva , Carvalho Ana Clara Caminha de , Veloso Fernanda de Sousa , Veloso Ronilson Carvalho , Rezende Jefrejan Souza
Published: April 2022

O silício tem sido associado a efeitos benéficos para as plantas como tolerância a déficit hídrico, stress salinos e  menor transpiração. Este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de silício no desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho submetido a diferentes períodos de déficit hídrico no Semiárido piauiense. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4x2, formados pela combinação de quatro doses de silício (0, 50, 100 e 200% da dose recomendada) e duas condições de déficit hídrico (moderado e severo), com quatro repetições. A dose recomendada foi de 1,0 L ha-1 do silicato, conforme o fabricante. A variedade utilizada foi a super precoce BRS Gorutuba. Cada parcela consistiu em quatro fileiras de 4,0 m espaçadas a 0,80 m uma da outra, considerando área útil às fileiras centrais e as extremas como bordadura. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F. Para a verificação da dose ótima de silício, para cada intensidade de stress foi aplicada à análise de regressão polinomial (P<0,05). Houve efeito significativo da interação para as variáveis massa fresca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte aérea e produtividade. As doses de 0,84 e 0,55 L ha-1 de silício foram as mais indicadas para o déficit moderado e severo, respectivamente. Doses acima de 1L ha-1 proporcionaram redução do crescimento e produtividade do milho.
Hidrodestilação: Uma alternativa de atividade experimental com materiais de Baixo custo para o Ensino de Química em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Lima Edson Thiago Gomes , Silva Jefferson Campos , Pinheiro Elayne Bessa Ferreira
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a extração de óleo essencial de cravo, a partir da utilização de materiais alternativos e de baixo custo, em período de pandemia e com ensino remoto. Para a montagem do hidrodestilador, materiais encontrados facilmente em casa e no comércio foram utilizados, tais como: garrafa PET, lata de alumínio, mangueira de nível, resina epóxi, recipientes de vidro, álcool 70º INPM, algodão, cravos da Índia, etc. A extração do óleo essencial de cravo foi realizada com êxito. Ao final do experimento, uma mistura água-óleo foi obtida. A presença do óleo essencial de cravo foi confirmada pelo odor característico. Sendo assim, ao considerar o potencial da experimentação como uma metodologia que integra teoria e prática, bem como o modelo de ensino remoto adotado durante a pandemia da COVID-19, fica evidente que os experimentos com materiais alternativos constituem uma opção viável para o ensino de Química em situações de ensino à distância ou nos casos de ausência de recursos laboratoriais em instituições de ensino.
Da luneta de Galileu ao telescópio espacial Hubble: contributos do desenvolvimento tecnológico na divulgação da História da Astronomia
Authors: Teixeira Isabel Maria , Eloy Christinne Costa , Paz Marta Cristina de Sousa , Carvalho Jorge Paulo Maurício de
Published: April 2022

O interesse e entusiasmo do público por diversos temas científicos, nomeadamente os relacionados com a astronomia, tem sido crescente e cada vez mais generalizado. Nos últimos 400 anos, desde Galileu, os astrónomos procuram observar e interpretar o universo, construindo telescópios cada vez mais poderosos e precisos. Estes incríveis instrumentos estendem as potencialidades de um dos nossos sentidos mais importantes, a visão, em direção a novos limites, transformando e aprimorando a nossa compreensão do cosmos. O telescópio espacial Hubble exerce um fascínio particular sobre o público de todas as idades e, dessa forma, contribui fortemente para a divulgação da ciência e da astronomia, pelas imagens que encantam o público em geral. O presente documento apresenta um panorama dos contributos do desenvolvimento tecnológico na divulgação da história da astronomia a partir de uma revisão de literatura, oferecendo uma reflexão sobre esse legado e a perspetiva de continuidade dessa história que desafia a humanidade.
Substrate diversity affects carbon utilization rate and threshold concentration for uptake by natural bacterioplankton communities
Authors: Sjöstedt J , Wünsch UJ , Stedmon CA
Published: April 2022

Persistence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments may in part be explained by high diversity and low concentrations of carbon substrates. However, changes in dissolved substrate quality can modify aquatic bacterial community composition and rate of carbon uptake. The aim of this study was to test if the presence of multiple simple substrates affects the turnover of organic carbon. Natural bacterial communities were grown in continuous cultures supplied with either individual carbon substrates—salicylic acid (SA), tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr)—or a combination of the 3 substrates. Concentrations were tracked using fluorescence spectroscopy, and steady-state concentrations of a few nanomolar were reached. Bacterial growth efficiency was dependent on which carbon sources were present and reached an intermediate level in the combined treatment. The bacterial community maintained steady-state concentrations of Trp that were lower in the combined treatment than in the individual substrate treatment. In addition, steady-state concentrations were reached faster during growth on combined carbon substrates, although the maximum utilization rate of each individual compound was lower. However, the steady-state concentration of total carbon (sum of carbon content of SA, Trp and Tyr) was higher in the combined culture than in the individual substrate treatments, and seemed to be determined by the carbon substate for which the bacteria had the lowest affinity. The results from this study indicate that persistence of dissolved organic carbon can in part be explained by vast substrate diversity, which raises the threshold concentration for utilization by natural bacterial communities.
Two Theories of Change in Plato’sTimaeus
Authors: Nakamura Takeshi
Published: April 2022

In Plato’s Timaeus, two different theories – the Receptacle theory and the geometrical particle theory – are presented to explain change in the natural world. In this paper, I argue that there is tension between the two theories. After examining several possible solutions for this tension, I conclude that Plato does not present it as something ready to be solved within the dialogue but, rather, as something to be understood in a way that maintains both theories. Finally, I also argue that the contrast between the two theories in the Timaeus derives from a similar contrast in the Phaedo.
Spontaneous Spleen Rupture Due to Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Arslan Bilal , Hot Semih , Mansuroğlu İlknur
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous spleen rupture (SSR) is a fatal and rare pathology causing acute abdomen. SSR secondary to infectious mononucleosis (IM) is quite rare (0.06-0.5%), and it is the most common cause of IM associated death. A 43 years old male patient, who had no previous severe disease history, chronic drug use, or previous operation applied to our emergency outpatient clinic of general surgery. The patient had complaints of severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In abdominal computerized tomography, diffuse free fluid with respectively increased in density (hemorrhage?) was observed. Emergency operation was decided, because patient developed acute peritonitis signs. During exploration in the operation, it was observed that spleen was ruptured at multiple sites, and bleeding was ongoing, and splenectomy was performed. Serology was consistent with the previous EBV infection. It was mentioned in the pathology report that there was no neoplastic infiltration, and infectious causes should be investigated. No problem has been encountered during approximately two years’ follow-up. SSR secondary to EMN is a rare, fatal, and very severe pathology. Diagnosis is delayed, or it is not even diagnosed because there is no trauma. Correct diagnosis on time, and decision of emergency surgical intervention can be life-saving.
Association of Residual Feed Intake With Blood Metabolites and Reproduction in Holstein Cows
Authors: Nehme Marinho Mariana , Santos José E. P.
Published: April 2022

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations between residual dry matter (DM) intake or residual feed intake (RFI) from 1 to 15 weeks postpartum and concentrations of metabolites in plasma in early lactation and reproduction in Holstein cows. Data from 9 experiments, including 851 cows, were used. Intake of DM, milk yield, and body weight were evaluated daily, whereas milk composition and body condition were evaluated twice weekly for the first 105 days postpartum. Blood was sampled on the day of calving and again on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum and analyzed for concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (FA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and glucose. Reproduction was evaluated for the first 300 days postpartum. Residual DM intake was calculated as the observed minus the predicted intake, with intake predicted based on a model that accounted for major energy sinks. Cows were ranked and categorized into RFI quartiles, from the smallest (Q1) to the largest (Q4) RFI (−1.87, −0.46, 0.39, and 1.90 kg/day). Increasing efficiency (i.e., from Q4 to Q1) resulted in linear decreases in DM intake (Q1 to Q4; 18.9, 20.4, 21.3, and 22.7 kg/day), and median days open (132, 125, 135, and 147 d). Conversely, improving efficiency was associated with a linear increase in pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI, 31.4, 30.6, 31.2, and 24.5%) and quadratic increases in the 21-day cycle pregnancy rate (21.2, 21.1, 22.0, and 16.6%) and the proportion of pregnant cows (79.0, 80.7, 82.4, and 71.5%). The estimated net energy for lactation (NEL) content of diets increased linearly with improved RFI (1.88, 1.76, 1.71, and 1.58 Mcal/kg), resulting in no association between RFI and energy-corrected milk yield or body energy change. Nevertheless, increased feed efficiency was associated with a linear increase in concentrations of blood FA (0.68, 0.63, 0.60, and 0.59 mM), but a quadratic association with BHB (0.75, 0.64, 0.64, and 0.65 mM), with no association with glucose. Collectively, the most feed efficient cows ate 3.8 kg/day less DM, produced the same amount of energy-corrected milk, and had improved reproductive performance compared with the least efficient cows, thus suggesting that the underlying mechanisms responsible for improved feed efficiency might also be linked with improvements in reproduction.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: From Homeostasis to Tumor Progression
Authors: Rejano-Gordillo Claudia , Ordiales-Talavero Ana , Nacarino-Palma Ana , Merino Jaime M. , González-Rico Francisco J. , Fernández-Salguero Pedro M.
Published: April 2022

Transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has emerged as one of the main regulators involved both in different homeostatic cell functions and tumor progression. Being a member of the family of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional regulators, this intracellular receptor has become a key member in differentiation, pluripotency, chromatin dynamics and cell reprogramming processes, with plenty of new targets identified in the last decade. Besides this role in tissue homeostasis, one enthralling feature of AHR is its capacity of acting as an oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on the specific organ, tissue and cell type. Together with its well-known modulation of cell adhesion and migration in a cell-type specific manner in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), this duality has also contributed to the arise of its clinical interest, highlighting a new potential as therapeutic tool, diagnosis and prognosis marker. Therefore, a deregulation of AHR-controlled pathways may have a causal role in contributing to physiological and homeostatic failures, tumor progression and dissemination. With that firmly in mind, this review will address the remarkable capability of AHR to exert a different function influenced by the phenotype of the target cell and its potential consequences.
Hydrochar: A Promising Step Towards Achieving a Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Padhye Lokesh P. , Bandala Erick R. , Wijesiri Buddhi , Goonetilleke Ashantha , Bolan Nanthi
Published: April 2022

The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the environment, and improve the lives and prospects of everyone on this planet. However, progress on SDGs is currently lagging behind its 2030 target. The availability of water of adequate quality and quantity is considered as one of the most significant challenges in reaching that target. The concept of the ‘Circular Economy’ has been termed as a potential solution to fasten the rate of progress in achieving SDGs. One of the promising engineering solutions with applications in water treatment and promoting the concept of the circular economy is hydrochar. Compared to biochar, hydrochar research is still in its infancy in terms of optimization of production processes, custom design for specific applications, and knowledge of its water treatment potential. In this context, this paper critically reviews the role of hydrochar in contributing to achieving the SDGs and promoting a circular economy through water treatment and incorporating a waste-to-value approach. Additionally, key knowledge gaps in the production and utilization of engineered hydrochar are identified, and possible strategies are suggested to further enhance its water remediation potential and circular economy in the context of better natural resource management using hydrochar. Research on converting different waste biomass to valuable hydrochar based products need further development and optimization of parameters to fulfil its potential. Critical knowledge gaps also exist in the area of utilizing hydrochar for large-scale drinking water treatment to address SDG-6.
The Cascade [1,5]-Hydride Shift/Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Activation: A Powerful Approach to the Construction of Spiro-Tetrahydroquinoline Skeleton
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Quan Yunyun , Xie Long , Li Xiang , Xie Xin
Published: April 2022

The direct functionalization of inert C–H bonds is regarded as one of the most powerful strategies to form various chemical bonds and construct complex structures. Although significant advancements have been witnessed in the area of transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of inert C–H bonds, several challenges, such as the utilization and removal of expensive transition metal complexes, limited substrate scope and large-scale capacity, and poor atom economy in removing guiding groups coordinated to the transition metal, cannot fully fulfill the high standard of modern green chemistry nowadays. Over the past decades, due to its inherent advantage compared with a transition metal-catalyzed strategy, the hydride shift activation that applies “tert-amino effect” into the direct functionalization of the common and omnipresent C(sp3)–H bonds adjacent to tert-amines has attracted much attention from the chemists. In particular, the intramolecular [1,5]-hydride shift activation, as the most common hydride shift mode, enables the rapid and effective production of multifunctionally complex frameworks, especially the spiro-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, which are widely found in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. Although great accomplishments have been achieved in this promising field, rarely an updated review has systematically summarized these important progresses despite scattered reports documented in several reviews. Hence, in this review, we will summarize the significant advances in the cascade [1,5]-hydride shift/intramolecular C(sp3)-H functionalization from the perspective of “tert-amino effect” to build a spiro-tetrahydroquinoline skeleton, and the content is categorized by structure type of final spiro-tetrahydroquinoline products containing various pharmaceutical units. Besides, current limitations as well as future directions in this field are also pointed out. We hope our review could provide a quick look into and offer some inspiration for the research on hydride shift strategy in the future.
Magnetic Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Adsorption of 4-Hydroxycoumarin
Authors: Kuang Yi , Xia Yunlong , Wang Xing , Rao Qingqing , Yang Shengxiang
Published: April 2022

4-hydroxyl coumarin (HC), an important intermediate during the synthesis procedure of rodenticide and anti-cardiovascular drug, shows highly medicinal value and economic value. To achieve the efficient adsorption of HC from natural biological samples, a novel magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer (HC/SMIPs) was constructed by employing methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, organic silane modified magnetic particles as matrix carrier and HC as template molecule. Due to the numerous specific imprinted cavities on the HC/SMIPs, the maximum adsorption capacity of HC/SMIPs for 4-hydroxycoumarin could reach to 22.78 mg g−1 within 20 min. In addition, HC/SMIPs exhibited highly selective adsorption for 4-hydroxycoumarin compared with other active drug molecules (osthole and rutin) and showed excellent regeneration performance. After 8 cycles of adsorption-desorption tests, the adsorption capacity of HC/SMIPs just slightly decreased by 6.64%. The efficient selective removal and easy recycle of 4-hydroxycoumarin from biological samples by HC/SMIPs made a highly promising to advance the application of imprinting polymers in complex practical environments.
Robust α-Fe2O3@TiO2 Core–Shell Structures With Tunable Buffer Chambers for High-Performance Lithium Storage
Authors: Pian Chunyuan , Peng Weichao , Ren Haoyu , Ma Chao , Su Yun , Ti Ruixia , Chen Xiuyu , Zhu Lixia , Liu Jingjing , Sun Xinzhi , Wang Bin , Niu Bingxuan , Wu Dapeng
Published: April 2022

α-Fe2O3 has high potential energy storage capacity and can serve as a green and low-cost anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, α-Fe2O3 suffers large volume expansion and pulverization. Based on DFT calculations, TiO2 can effectively maintain the integrity of the crystal structure during the discharge/charge process. Well-defined cubic α-Fe2O3 is coated with a TiO2 layer using the hydrothermal method with the assistance of oxalic acid surface treatment, and then α-Fe2O3@TiO2 with tunable buffer chambers is obtained by altering the hydrochloric acid etching time. With the joint efforts of the buffer chamber and the robust structure of the TiO2 layer, α-Fe2O3@TiO2 alleviates the expansion of α-Fe2O3 during the discharge/charge process. The optimized sample (FT-1h) achieves good cycling performance. The reversible specific capacity remains at 893.7 mA h g-1, and the Coulombic efficiency still reaches up to 98.47% after 150 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Furthermore, the reversible specific capacity can return to 555.5 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after cycling at a high current density. Hence, the buffer chamber and the robust TiO2 layer can effectively improve the cycling stability and rate performance of α-Fe2O3.
Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Chemoselective Bromination of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Li Youzhi , Chen Xuemei , Huang Daya , Xie Zhenming , Liu Yan
Published: April 2022

Practical approaches for chemoselective mono-bromination, di-bromination, and tetra-bromination of terminal alkynes to generate 1-bromoalkynes, 1,2-dibromoalkenes, α,α-dibromoketones, and 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoalkanes based on efficient oxidative brominations mediated by a hypervalent iodine reagent have been developed. Chemoselective bromination can be realized under mild conditions by altering the bromine source. The tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB)/(diacetoxyiodo)benzene (PIDA) system is specific for mono-bromination to provide 1-bromoalkynes, while the NaBr/PIDA system is selective toward di-bromination to achieve 1,2-dibromoalkenes. When a certain amount of water was added to the NaBr/PIDA system, a different di-bromination product, α,α-dibromo ketones, was generated. Tetra-bromination of terminal alkynes provides an efficient protocol for the synthesis of 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoalkanes in a system with an excess loading of NaBr/PIDA in one pot. This bromination affords good yields (up to 99%) with excellent chemoselectivity (up to 100%). These methods can be applied to the efficient chemoselective synthesis of bromide derivatives, intermediates, and related biologically active compounds.
Chemistry and Bioactivity of Marine-Derived Bisabolane Sesquiterpenoids: A Review
Authors: Li Cheng-Shou , Liu Li-Ting , Yang Lei , Li Jing , Dong Xin
Published: April 2022

Natural products, characterized by intriguing scaffold diversity and structural complexity, as well as significant agricultural and medicinal activities, have been a valuable source of agrochemicals/drugs development and have historically made a huge contribution to pharmacotherapy. Structurally, bisabolanes are a family of naturally occurring sesquiterpenoids that featured a hexatomic ring core incorporating with eight continuous carbons, which cause high structural variability along the alkyl side chain to form abundant functionalities. Moreover, apart from their interesting structures, bisabolanes have shown multitudinous bioactivities. Bisabolanes are distributed in a variety of marine invertebrates, terrestrial plant, and microbial sources. Interestingly, bisabolanes characterized from marine environment possess unique characteristics both structurally and biologically. A total of 296 newly-discovered bisabolanes were searched. Among them, 94 members were isolated from marine organisms. This review particularly focuses on the new bisabolanes characterized from marine organisms (covering from 2000 to 2021), including marine-derived fungi, algae, soft corals, and sponges, with emphasis on the diversity of their chemical structures as well as the novelty and differences between terrestrial and marine sources. Moreover, a wide range of bioactivities of marine-derived bisabolanes, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic properties, are presented herein, which is considered to be a promising resource for the discovery of new drug leads and agrochemicals.
Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease and Cancer: Risk Factors and Interrelation
Authors: Li Jinjing , Zhao Jieqiong , Lei Yonghong , Chen Yan , Cheng Miaomiao , Wei Xiaoqing , Liu Jing , Liu Pengyun , Chen Ruirui , Yin Xiaoqing , Shang Lei , Li Xue
Published: April 2022

Background

In our clinical work, we found that cancer patients were susceptible to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). However, less is known about the relationship between CAD and cancer. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors for CAD and cancer, as well as the relationship between CAD and cancer.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 1600 patients between January 2012 and June 2019 were enrolled and divided into groups according to whether they had CAD or cancer. Single-factor and multivariate analysis methods were applied to examine the risk factors for CAD and cancer.

Results

(1) Cancer prevalence was significantly higher in patients with CAD than in patients without CAD (47.2 vs. 20.9%). The prevalence of CAD in cancer and non-cancer patients was 78.9 and 52.4%, respectively. (2) Multivariable logistic regression showed that patients with cancer had a higher risk of developing CAD than non-cancer patients (OR: 2.024, 95% CI: 1.475 to 2.778, p < 0.001). Respiratory (OR: 1.981, 95% CI: 1.236–3.175, p = 0.005), digestive (OR: 1.899, 95% CI: 1.177–3.064, p = 0.009) and urogenital (OR: 3.595, 95% CI: 1.696–7.620, p = 0.001) cancers were significantly associated with a higher risk of CAD compared with no cancer. (3) Patients with CAD also had a higher risk of developing cancer than non-CAD patients (OR = 2.157, 95% CI: 1.603 to 2.902, p < 0.001). Patients in the Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level ≥ 40 U/L group had a lower risk of cancer than patients in the ALT level < 20 U/L group (OR: 0.490, 95% CI: 0.333–0.722, p < 0.001). (4) An integrated variable (Y = 0.205 × 10–1 age − 0.595 × 10–2 HGB − 0.116 × 10–1 ALT + 0.135 FIB) was identified for monitoring the occurrence of cancer among CAD patients, with an AUC of 0.720 and clinical sensitivity/specificity of 0.617/0.711.

Conclusion

(1) We discovered that CAD was an independent risk factor for cancer and vice versa. (2) Digestive, respiratory and urogenital cancers were independent risk factors for CAD. (3) We created a formula for the prediction of cancer among CAD patients. (4) ALT, usually considered a risk factor, was proven to be a protective factor for cancer in this study.
Determinants of Non-calcified Low-Attenuation Coronary Plaque Burden in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease: A Coronary CT Angiography Study
Authors: Yamaura Hiroki , Otsuka Kenichiro , Ishikawa Hirotoshi , Shirasawa Kuniyuki , Fukuda Daiju , Kasayuki Noriaki
Published: April 2022

Background

Although epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), it is unclear whether EAT volume (EAV) can be used to diagnose high-risk coronary plaque burden associated with coronary events. This study aimed to investigate (1) the prognostic impact of low-attenuation non-calcified coronary plaque (LAP) burden on patient level analysis, and (2) the association of EAV with LAP volume in patients without known CAD undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study consisted of 376 patients (male, 57%; mean age, 65.2 ± 13 years) without known CAD undergoing CCTA. Percent LAP volume (%LAP, <30 HU) was calculated as the LAP volume divided by the vessel volume. EAT was defined as adipose tissue with a CT attenuation value ranging from −250 to −30 HU within the pericardial sac. The primary endpoint was a composite event of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina and worsening symptoms requiring unplanned coronary revascularization >3 months after CCTA. The determinants of %LAP (Q4) were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

During the follow-up period (mean, 2.2 ± 0.9 years), the primary endpoint was observed in 17 patients (4.5%). The independent predictors of the primary endpoint were %LAP (Q4) (hazard ratio [HR], 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–8.54; p = 0.033] in the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted by CAD-RADS category. Cox proportional hazard ratio analysis demonstrated that %LAP (Q4) was a predictor of the primary endpoint, independnet of CAD severity, Suita score, EAV, or CACS. The independent determinants of %LAP (Q4) were CACS ≥218.3 (p < 0.0001) and EAV ≥125.3 ml (p < 0.0001). The addition of EAV to CACS significantly improved the area under the curve (AUC) to identify %LAP (Q4) than CACS alone (AUC, EAV + CACS vs. CACS alone: 0.728 vs. 0.637; p = 0.013).

Conclusions

CCTA-based assessment of EAV, CACS, and LAP could help improve personalized cardiac risk management by administering patient-suited therapy.
A Novel Risk Score to Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From a Prospective Observational Cohort
Authors: Li Lulu , Zhang Xiling , Wang Yini , Yu Xi , Jia Haibo , Hou Jingbo , Li Chunjie , Zhang Wenjuan , Yang Wei , Liu Bin , Lu Lixin , Tan Ning , Yu Bo , Li Kang
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel risk score to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using the Heart Failure after Acute Myocardial Infarction with Optimal Treatment (HAMIOT) cohort in China.

Methods

The HAMIOT cohort was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort of consecutive patients with AMI in China. All participants were enrolled between December 2017 and December 2019. The cohort was randomly assigned (at a proportion of 7:3) to the training and validation cohorts. Logistic regression model was used to develop and validate a predictive model of in-hospital mortality. The performance of discrimination and calibration was evaluated using the Harrell’s c-statistic and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, respectively. The new simplified risk score was validated in an external cohort that included independent patients with AMI between October 2019 and March 2021.

Results

A total of 12,179 patients with AMI participated in the HAMIOT cohort, and 136 patients were excluded. In-hospital mortality was 166 (1.38%). Ten predictors were found to be independently associated with in-hospital mortality: age, sex, history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), history of stroke, presentation with ST-segment elevation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, initial serum creatinine level, initial N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, and PCI treatment. The c-statistic of the novel simplified HAMIOT risk score was 0.88, with good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test: P = 0.35). Compared with the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, the HAMIOT score had better discrimination ability in the training (0.88 vs. 0.81) and validation (0.82 vs. 0.72) cohorts. The total simplified HAMIOT risk score ranged from 0 to 121. The observed mortality in the HAMIOT cohort increased across different risk groups, with 0.35% in the low risk group (score ≤ 50), 3.09% in the intermediate risk group (50 < score ≤ 74), and 14.29% in the high risk group (score > 74).

Conclusion

The novel HAMIOT risk score could predict in-hospital mortality and be a valid tool for prospective risk stratification of patients with AMI.

Clinical Trial Registration

[https://clinicaltrials.gov], Identifier: [NCT03297164].
Hyperuricemia Is Associated With the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Independent of Sex: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiong Jianhua , Shao Wen , Yu Peng , Ma Jianyong , Liu Menglu , Huang Shan , Liu Xiao , Mei Kaibo
Published: April 2022

Background:

Conflicting findings of the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported in both men and women. The sex-specific associations between SUA and the risk of AF are unclear, although hyperuricemia is independently associated with the risk of AF. We performed this meta-analysis to assess the sex-specific effect of SUA on the risk of AF.

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to October 3, 2021, for studies that reported sex-specific associations of SUA levels with AF. Linear relationships were assessed by the generalized least squares trend estimation. This study was registered with PROSPERO (42020193013).

Results

Ten eligible studies with 814,804 participants (415,779 men and 399,025 women) were identified. In the category analysis, high SUA was associated with an increased risk of AF in both men (OR: 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.71, I2 = 34%) and women (OR: 2.02; 95% CI, 1.29–3.16, I2 = 70%). In the dose-response analysis, for each 60 μmol/L (1 mg/dL) increase in the SUA level, the risk of AF increased by 15% (OR: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07–1.25, I2 = 74%) in men and 35% (OR: 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18–1.53, I2 = 73%) in women. There was a borderline difference in the impact of SUA on the risk of AF between men and women (P for interaction = 0.05). A significant linear relationship between SUA and the risk of AF was observed in men (P for non-linearity = 0.91) and women (P for non-linearity = 0.92).

Conclusions

This study suggested that there was a significant linear relationship between SUA and the risk of AF among men and women, with a higher risk estimate for women. Additional trials are required to assess the effect of reduced SUA therapy on AF incidence.

Systematic Review Registration

https:www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD 42020193013.
Establishment and Validation of a Non-invasive Diagnostic Nomogram to Identify Heart Failure in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Tan Juntao , He Yuxin , Li Zhanbiao , Xu Xiaomei , Zhang Qinghua , Xu Qian , Zhang Lingqin , Xiang Shoushu , Tang Xuewen , Zhao Wenlong
Published: April 2022

Background

Heart failure (HF) is an end-stage manifestation of and cause of death in coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to establish and validate a non-invasive diagnostic nomogram to identify HF in patients with CHD.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 44,772 CHD patients from five tertiary hospitals. Univariate logistic regression analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to identify independent factors. A nomogram based on the multivariate logistic regression model was constructed using these independent factors. The concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curves (CIC) were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy and clinical value of this nomogram.

Results

The predictive factors in the multivariate model included hypertension, age, and the total bilirubin, uric acid, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the nomogram in the training set, internal validation set, external validation set1, and external validation set2 were 0.720 (95% CI: 0.712–0.727), 0.723 (95% CI: 0.712–0.735), 0.692 (95% CI: 0.674–0.710), and 0.655 (95% CI: 0.634–0.677), respectively. The calibration curves indicated that the nomogram had strong calibration. DCA and CIC indicated that the nomogram can be used as an effective tool in clinical practice.

Conclusion

The developed predictive model combines the clinical and laboratory factors of patients with CHD and is useful in individualized prediction of HF probability for clinical decision-making during treatment and management.
A Comparative Study of Data-Driven Models for Travel Destination Characterization
Authors: Dietz Linus W. , Sertkan Mete , Myftija Saadi , Thimbiri Palage Sameera , Neidhardt Julia , Wörndl Wolfgang
Published: April 2022

Characterizing items for content-based recommender systems is a challenging task in complex domains such as travel and tourism. In the case of destination recommendation, no feature set can be readily used as a similarity ground truth, which makes it hard to evaluate the quality of destination characterization approaches. Furthermore, the process should scale well for many items, be cost-efficient, and most importantly correct. To evaluate which data sources are most suitable, we investigate 18 characterization methods that fall into three categories: venue data, textual data, and factual data. We make these data models comparable using rank agreement metrics and reveal which data sources capture similar underlying concepts. To support choosing more suitable data models, we capture a desired concept using an expert survey and evaluate our characterization methods toward it. We find that the textual models to characterize cities perform best overall, with data models based on factual and venue data being less competitive. However, we show that data models with explicit features can be optimized by learning weights for their features.
Introducing Stories Into Downward Counterfactual Analysis: Examples From a Potential Mediterranean Disaster
Authors: Penney Camilla , Walshe Rory , Baker Hannah , van Soest Henri , Dryhurst Sarah , Taylor A. R. E.
Published: April 2022

How to recognise potential disasters is a question at the centre of risk analysis. Over-reliance on an incomplete, often epistemologically-biased, historical record, and a focus on quantified and quantifiable risks, have contributed to unanticipated disasters dominating both casualties and financial losses in the first part of the 21st century. Here we present the findings of an online workshop implementing a new scenario-planning method, called downward counterfactual analysis, which is designed to expand the range of risks considered. Interdisciplinary groups of disaster researchers constructed downward counterfactuals for a present-day version of the 365CE Cretan earthquake and tsunami, imagining how these events might have been worse. The resulting counterfactuals have trans-national, long-term impacts, particularly in terms of economic losses, and connect risks previously identified in separate sectors. Most counterfactuals involved socio-political factors, rather than intrinsic components of the hazard, consistent with the idea that there are “no natural disasters”. The prevalence of cascading counterfactuals in our workshop suggests that further work is required to give the appropriate weight to pre-existing economic and social conditions in scenario-planning methods, such as downward counterfactual analysis, which focus on the occurrence of a hazard as the temporal starting point for a disaster. Both proposed counterfactuals and their justifications reflect a bias towards contemporary issues and recent historical disasters. We suggest that interdisciplinary groups can expand the range of imagined risks. However, the setup used here would be improved by including local stakeholders. Qualitative forms of downward counterfactual analysis have potential applications for community engagement and education, as well as for risk analysis.
Determination Method of Excavation Damage Zone Based on Surrounding Rock Damage-Fracture Ratio in Underground Engineering
Authors: Guo Haosen , Tong Jiaqi , Sun Qiancheng , Yang Xu , Luo Wenjun , Yu Yang
Published: April 2022

The depth of the excavation damage zone in the surrounding rock mass is an important parameter to determine the support design scheme, and is also of great reference significance to evaluate the stability of the surrounding rock. An acoustic test is the most commonly used method to obtain the depth of the excavation damage zone in surrounding rock. However, under high stress conditions, the surrounding rock is seriously broken and the internal structural planes are significantly developed, leading to the test error reaching meter-level. This paper, based on dimensional analysis, proposed the surrounding rock damage-fracture ratio R, which was defined as the depth of excavation damage zone to the depth of highly damaged zone, to characterize the relationship between the excavation damage zone and highly damaged zone. The established indicator considered the stress condition of the engineering zone, rock integrity, tunnel excavation span, and rock fracture zone depth and was verified with allowable error in engineering practice. The results show that the model can overcome the limitations of the acoustic wave testing method in surrounding rock testing of deep underground caverns, and the method of determining the depth of the surrounding rock damage zone based on the damage-fracture ratio R provides a practical and alternative method for determining the damage zone of surrounding rock excavation.
The Relationship of National, School, and Student Socioeconomic Status With Academic Achievement: A Model for Programme for International Student Assessment Reading and Mathematics Scores
Authors: Finch Holmes , Finch Maria E. Hernández
Published: April 2022

Prior research has demonstrated links between academic achievement and family socioeconomic status SES, such that students from wealthier families generally exhibit higher academic performance. Recent work has also shown that students who attend schools with greater SES inequality and lower average family income also tend to have lower achievement test scores. Additional research has found that students from poorer nations have lower average achievement test scores. Despite the presence of this evidence supporting individual relationships between SES and achievement test performance, there is less extant information positing a mechanism for how these relationships at different levels interact with one another and are related to achievement test performance. The purpose of the current study was to propose and test two multilevel mediation models of the relationships between national funding for public services such as education, and economic inequality with shortages for educational resources and trained staff, as well as aggregated and individual family SES with academic achievement. Results demonstrated that a partially mediated model yielded good fit to the data with both direct and indirect relationships among national funding for public services and academic achievement, as mediated through school level resource shortages and family SES. Implications of these results are discussed.
Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Endocrine-Related Cancers: A Concise Outlook
Authors: Ruan Yongsheng , Chen Libai , Xie Danfeng , Luo Tingting , Xu Yiqi , Ye Tao , Chen Xiaona , Feng Xiaoqin , Wu Xuedong
Published: April 2022

Chemotherapy is a critical treatment for endocrine-related cancers; however, chemoresistance and disease recurrence remain a challenge. The interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironmentviacell adhesion molecules (CAMs) promotes drug resistance, known as cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). CAMs are cell surface molecules that facilitate cell-to-cell or cell-to-extracellular matrix binding. CAMs exert an adhesion effect and trigger intracellular signaling that regulates cancer cell stemness maintenance, survival, proliferation, metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance. To understand these mechanisms, this review focuses on the role of CD44, cadherins, selectins, and integrins in CAM-DR in endocrine-related cancers.