bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association of Anemia on Non-AIDS Defining Cancer and Subsequent Survival among People with HIV following Antiretroviral Initiation
Authors: Lang Raynell , Coburn Sally B. , Gill M John , Grossman Jennifer , Mayor Angel , Horberg Michael A , Silverberg Michael J. , Rabkin Charles S. , Moore Richard D , Kirk Greg D , Karris Maile Y , Justice Amy C. , Althoff Keri N ,   for the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
Published: February 2025

Background:

The association of anemia as a predictive and prognostic indicator of non-AIDS defining cancer (NADC) among people with HIV (PWH) remains unknown. We evaluated the presence of anemia and its severity as a predictor of NADC and 5-year all-cause survival following an NADC diagnosis among PWH who had initiated antiretroviral therapy.

Setting:

North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD)

Methods:

We included PWH (≥18 years) on ART between 01/01/2007-12/31/2016 with no prior cancer diagnosis. Annual median hemoglobin was categorized into mild (11.0-12.9g/dL men, 11.0-11.9g/dL women) and moderate/severe (<10.9g/dL regardless of sex) anemia. Discrete time-to-event models using a complementary log-log link estimated crude and adjusted hazards ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals for NADC by anemia severity. Five-year mortality following NADC diagnosis by anemia was evaluated.

Results:

Among 67,228 PWH contributing 301,421 annual median hemoglobin observations, 244,658 (81%) were not anemic, 40,134 (13%) had mild and 16,629 (6%) had moderate/severe anemia. The risk of NADC was higher among PWH with anemia (aHR 2.40[2.19-2.63]) (vs. no anemia) and greater among males (aHR 2.42[2.20-2.66]) than females (aHR 2.02[1.42-2.89]). NADC risk increased with worsening anemia (mild: aHR 2.01[1.81-2.23], moderate/severe: aHR 3.59[3.13-4.11]). The five-year all-cause mortality following NADC diagnosis was higher (aHR 1.37[1.21-1.55]) among PWH with anemia.

Conclusions:

Among PWH who initiated ART, anemia may serve as a predictive indicator of NADC risk. Identification of anemia should warrant investigations into the underlying etiology, including evaluation for NADC. Anemia is also a prognostic indicator among PWH diagnosed with NADC.
Leronlimab Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 (OPTIMIZE): a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Gathe Joseph C. , Dejesus Edwin , Ramgopal Moti N. , Rolle Charlotte-Paige , Yang Otto O. , Sanchez William E. , Lalezari Jacob P. , Krishen Alok , Sacha Jonah B. , Hansen Scott G. , Meidling Joseph
Published: February 2025

Background:

Leronlimab is a humanized κ-IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). We investigated leronlimab as a treatment option for people living with multidrug-resistant HIV-1.

Setting

and Methods: In a phase 2b/3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in 21 hospital centers in the United States, treatment-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) with documented drug resistance were randomly assigned once weekly leronlimab (350 mg subcutaneously) or matching placebo for one week overlapping existing failing antiretroviral treatment (ART), followed by a 24-week single-arm extension with weekly leronlimab combined with a new optimized background treatment (OBT). The primary endpoint was achieving ≥0.5 log10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA from baseline at the end of the one-week double-blinded treatment period.

Results:

52 participants were enrolled (25 leronlimab and 27 placebo). After the one-week randomized phase, by the intent-to-treat analysis 64.0% (16/25) receiving leronlimab achieved ≥0.5 log10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA versus 23.1% (6/26) receiving placebo (p=0.0032), while by per protocol analysis 72.7% (16/22) receiving leronlimab achieved ≥0.5 log10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA versus 24.0% (6/25) receiving placebo (p=0.0008). Leronlimab was generally well tolerated with no drug-related SAEs reported. Overall, 175 adverse events were reported by 34/52 participants, with 120 (68.6%) adverse events categorized as mild.

Conclusions:

Leronlimab resulted in significantly reduced plasma HIV-1 within one week after addition to failing ART. After 24 weeks combined with an OBT, most participants had plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies per mL plasma, suggesting utility of leronlimab as a component of salvage therapy.
CB1 receptor coupling to extracellular regulated kinase via multiple Gαi/o isoforms
Authors: Rorabaugh Boyd R. , Morgan Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

Cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) play important roles in regulating neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, cell differentiation, and survival. CB1R is coupled via pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gαi/o proteins to the activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. However, there are multiple Gαi/o isoforms, and it is unknown which of these isoforms is responsible for CB1R-induced phosphorylation of ERK. The purpose of this study was to determine which Gαi/o isoform(s) couple CB1R to ERK phosphorylation. HEK293 cells stably expressing the mouse CB1R (CB1R-HEK cells) were transfected with either pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA3.1 encoding PTX-insensitive mutants of Gαo, Gαi1, Gαi2, or Gαi3. PTX was used to inactivate endogenous Gαi/o isoforms before cells were treated with vehicle, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), or CP55940 and ERK phosphorylation was measured by western blotting. CP55940 induced robust phosphorylation of ERK in cells transfected with vector alone. This effect was completely abolished by PTX treatment. CP55940-induced ERK phosphorylation was rescued by expression of PTX-insensitive forms of Gαo, Gαi1, Gαi2, or Gαi3, indicating that the CB1 receptor can couple to ERK phosphorylation through each of these Gαi/o isoforms. Consistent with its actions as a partial agonist, ∆9-THC induced nominal (two to four-fold) increases in ERK phosphorylation that did not reach statistical significance except in cells transfected with PTX-insensitive Gαi3. These data demonstrate that CB1R can couple to ERK phosphorylation through Gαo, Gαi1, Gαi2, or Gαi3 when stimulated with CP55940 (full agonist). However, ∆9-THC (partial agonist)-induced ERK activation might require high levels of Gαi3 expression.
Time-course changes in videofluoroscopic findings during developmental and aging stages in mice
Authors: Takahashi Hiyori , Suzuki Jun , Ikeda Ryoukichi , Hisaoka Takuma , Koshiba Yasutoshi , Ohta Jun , Hirano-Kawamoto Ai , Katori Yukio
Published: February 2025

Videofluoroscopic swallow study methodology in mice has recently been established; however, details of developmental and age-related changes remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the changes in swallowing associated with the entire lifespan of mice using the videofluoroscopic swallow study methodology. We tested six age groups of male C57BL/6J mice (4, 8, 16, 54, 77, and 104 weeks old; n = 5 for each group, respectively). The videofluoroscopic swallow study analyzed the bolus area, pharyngeal transit time, interswallow interval, lick-swallow ratio, and lick rate. Significant age differences were found in the bolus area and lick rate. The bolus area increased significantly as the mice grew older. There was a significant increase in the lick rate from 4 to 8 weeks (P < 0.001) and then a significant decrease from 8 to 104 weeks (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the various stages in the lick-swallow ratio, interswallow interval, or pharyngeal transit time. There was a significant positive correlation between the body weight and bolus area. This study revealed the detailed changes in swallowing at each life stage from swallowing maturation to old age in the mice. Our research may serve as a guide for future studies on swallowing in humans.
Enhanced cerebellar climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic transmission via corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 during the chronic phase of spinal cord injury mice
Authors: Weng Wen-Cai , Xu Ying-Han , Qiu De-Lai , Chu Chun-Ping
Published: February 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes interruption of external information input from the spinal cord to the cerebellum. We here investigated the effect of SCI on mouse cerebellar climbing fiber-Purkinje cell (CF-PC) synaptic transmission. The SCI was caused at T10 using 6-week-old ICR mice. Mice recovered 4 weeks after surgery, the spontaneous complex spike (CS) activity of PC was recorded using cell-attached recording and whole-cell recording method in urethane-anesthetized mice cerebellar Crus II. The CF-PC excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by paired electrical stimulation of CF in cerebellar slices to evaluate the changes of CF-PC synaptic transmission and paired-pulse ratio (PPR). The results showed that the number of spikelets, duration of spontaneous CS, and pause of simple spike firing were significantly increased in SCI than that in sham group. Application of a nonselective corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R) antagonist significantly decreased spontaneous CS activity in SCI group but not in sham group. The enhanced CS activity in SCI mice was significantly decreased by a selective CRF-R2 antagonist but not a specific CRF-R1 antagonist. The amplitude of CF-PC EPSC1 was large accompanied by a lower PPR in SCI group than that in sham group. Blockade of CRF-R2 antagonist significantly decreased the amplitude of EPSC1 and increased PPR in SCI group. SCI induces enhancement of the spontaneous CS activity and CF-PC synaptic transmission via CRF-R2 in mouse cerebellar cortex, which suggests that remodeling of CF-PC synaptic transmission occurred in cerebellar cortex after SCI.
Hypoxia-preconditioned human dental pulp stem cells transplantation alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via STAT3/NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis in neonatal rats
Authors: Fang Xiangyan , Gao Shujun , Li Yan , Xu Kang , Huo Qixiao , Xiao Peilun , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Fantao
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to examine the effects and mechanisms of hypoxia-preconditioned human dental pulp stem cells (H-hDPSCs) transplantation on microglial pyroptosis in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). The hDPSCs were extracted using the tissue block method and identified by immunofluorescence staining. The HIBD model was constructed using the classical Rice–Vannucci method. 24 h after HIBD, normoxic preconditioning hDPSCs (N-hDPSCs) and H-hDPSCs were transplanted into the lateral ventricle. The brain damage was examined by hematoxylin & eosin and Nissl stainings 72 h after transplantation. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1 axis-related proteins was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and western blots. Tissue levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were derived from ELISA. After modeling, the neural cells in the HIBD group were disordered and sparsely scattered, with a deficiency of nitrosamines. The data revealed that the phosphorylated STAT3, NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase 1, N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), and IL-1β protein expression were significantly lower in the H-hDPSCs and N-hDPSCs groups compared to the HIBD group. The protein expression in the H-hDPSCs group was considerably lower than in the N-hDPSCs group. H-hDPSCs may protect microglia from pyroptosis by regulating the STAT3/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD axis to alleviate inflammatory damage, and attenuate HIBD in newborn rats at the same time. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of H-hDPSCs transplantation was superior to that of N-hDPSCs transplantation.
Birth and death processes in phylogenetics and population genetics
Authors: Tavaré Simon
Published: February 2025

This review focuses on linear birth-and-death processes (LBDPs), describing the basic properties of the population-size process and the underlying ancestral trees that record how the evolving species (or individuals or cells) are related. The first section describes the Yule, or linear birth, process setting. Analogous results for the birth-and-death process (BDP) are given. The stochastic structure of the reconstructed tree obtained by pruning branches that do not survive to the present time is detailed. In §2, the BDP with immigration is described. Immigration is a mechanism to introduce new types into a population evolving through time. For the Yule process, marked Poisson process arguments are used to illustrate properties of the sample variance of the number of families observed in two consecutive time intervals. In the final section, we describe a recent method for approximate Bayesian computation using random forests, and illustrate it with an example of inference from DNA sequence data about the split rate and mutation rate in a birth-and-death model for the evolution of a cell population.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘“A mathematical theory of evolution”: phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
Leveraging graphical model techniques to study evolution on phylogenetic networks
Authors: Teo Benjamin , Bastide Paul , Ané Cécile
Published: February 2025

The evolution of molecular and phenotypic traits is commonly modelled using Markov processes along a phylogeny. This phylogeny can be a tree, or a network if it includes reticulations, representing events such as hybridization or admixture. Computing the likelihood of data observed at the leaves is costly as the size and complexity of the phylogeny grows. Efficient algorithms exist for trees, but cannot be applied to networks. We show that a vast array of models for trait evolution along phylogenetic networks can be reformulated as graphical models, for which efficient belief propagation algorithms exist. We provide a brief review of belief propagation on general graphical models, then focus on linear Gaussian models for continuous traits. We show how belief propagation techniques can be applied for exact or approximate (but more scalable) likelihood and gradient calculations, and prove novel results for efficient parameter inference of some models. We highlight the possible fruitful interactions between graphical models and phylogenetic methods. For example, approximate likelihood approaches have the potential to greatly reduce computational costs for phylogenies with reticulations.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘“A mathematical theory of evolution”: phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
Investigating the relationship between breast cancer risk factors and an AI-generated mammographic texture feature in the Nurses' Health Study II
Authors: Wu Xueyao , Jiang Shu , Ge Aaron , Turman Constance , Colditz Graham A , Tamimi Rulla , Kraft Peter
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The mammogram risk score (MRS), an AI-driven texture feature derived from digital mammograms, strongly predicts breast cancer risk independently of breast density, though underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated relationships between established breast cancer risk factors, covering anthropometrics, reproductive factors, family history, and mammographic density metrics, and MRS. Methods: Using data from the Nurses' Health Study II (292 cases, 561 controls), we validated MRS's association with breast cancer using logistic regression and evaluated its relationships with risk factors through: linear regressions of MRS on observed risk factors and polygenic scores associated with risk factors, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis via two-stage least squares regression. We conducted two-sample MR of MRS using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of risk factors. Results: MRS was significantly associated with breast cancer risk before adjustment for BI-RADS density (OR=1.92 per SD increase in MRS; 95%CI:1.57-2.33; AUC=0.69) and after (OR=1.85; 95%CI:1.49-2.30). Early life body size and adult body mass index (BMI) were inversely associated with MRS, while history of benign breast disease and BI-RADS density showed positive associations; after adjusting for BI-RADS density, associations between MRS and the other three risk factors attenuated. Higher polygenic score for dense area was associated with increased MRS (ß=0.16 SD increase in MRS per SD increase in polygenic score; 95%CI: 0.06-0.25), as was percent density (ß=0.14; 95%CI:0.05-0.23). Two-sample MR identified associations between genetically predicted dense area (ß=0.83 SD increase in MRS per SD increase in dense area; 95%CI:0.39-1.27) and percent density (ß=1.14; 95%CI:0.55-1.74) with MRS. After adjusting for BI-RADS density and BMI, higher waist-to-hip ratio was significantly associated with increased MRS in polygenic score and two-sample MR analyses. No significant associations were observed with other risk factors. Conclusion: We validated MRS's association with breast cancer risk in cases diagnosed 0.5-10.1 years (median 2.6) after mammogram acquisition. Our findings reveal robust associations between breast density measures and MRS and suggest a potential impact of central obesity on MRS. Future larger-scale studies are crucial to validate these results and explore their potential to enhance our understanding of breast cancer etiology and refine risk prediction models.
The genomic consequences and persistence of sociality in spiders
Authors: Ma Jilong , Bechsgaard Jesper , Aagaard Anne , Villesen Palle , Bilde Trine , Schierup Mikkel
Published: February 2025

In cooperatively breeding social animals, a few individuals account for all reproduction. In some taxa, sociality is accompanied by a transition from outcrossing to inbreeding. In concert, these traits reduce effective population size, potentially rendering transitions to sociality ‘evolutionarily dead-ends’. We addressed this hypothesis in a comparative genomic study in spiders, where sociality has evolved independently at least 23 times, but social branches are recent and short. We present genomic evidence for the evolutionary dead-end hypothesis in a spider genus with three independent transitions to sociality. We assembled and annotated high-quality, chromosome-level reference genomes from three pairs of closely related social and subsocialStegodyphusspecies. We timed the divergence between the social and subsocial species pairs to be from 1.3 to 1.8 million years. Social evolution in spiders involves a shift from outcrossing to inbreeding and from equal to female-biased sex ratio, causing severe reductions in effective population size and decreased efficacy of selection. We show that transitions to sociality only had full effect on purifying selection at 119, 260 and 279 kya respectively, and follow similar convergent trajectories of progressive loss of diversity and shifts to an increasingly female-biased sex ratio. This almost deterministic genomic response to sociality may explain why social spider species do not persist. What causes species extinction is not clear, but could be either selfish meiotic drive eliminating the production of males, or an inability to retain genome integrity in the face of extremely reduced efficacy of selection.
Low-phase-noise surface-acoustic-wave oscillator using an edge mode of a phononic band gap
Authors: Xi Zichen , Thomas Joseph G. , Ji Jun , Wang Dongyao , Cen Zengyu , Kravchenko Ivan I. , Srijanto Bernadeta R. , Yao Yu , Zhu Yizheng , Shao Linbo
Published: February 2025

Low-phase-noise microwave-frequency integrated oscillators provide compact solutions for various applications in signal processing, communications, and sensing. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs), featuring orders-of-magnitude shorter wavelength than electromagnetic waves at the same frequency, enable integrated microwave-frequency systems with much smaller footprint on chip. SAW devices also allow higher-quality () factors than electronic components at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate a low-phase-noise gigahertz-frequency SAW oscillator on 128°-cut lithium niobate, where the SAW resonator occupies a footprint of 0.05mm2. Leveraging phononic crystal band-gap-edge modes to balance between factors and insertion losses, our 1-GHz SAW oscillator features a low phase noise of −132.5 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz offset frequency and an overlapping Hadamard deviation of 6.5 × 10−10 at an analysis time of 64 ms. The SAW resonator-based oscillator holds high potential in developing low-noise sensors and acousto-optic integrated circuits.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Planted directed polymer: Inferring a random walk from noisy images
Authors: P. Kim Sun Woo , Lamacraft Austen
Published: February 2025

We introduce and study the planted directed polymer, in which the path of a random walker is inferred from noisy "images" accumulated at each time step. Formulated as a nonlinear problem of Bayesian inference for a hidden Markov model, this problem is a generalization of the directed polymer problem of statistical physics, coinciding with it in the limit of zero signal to noise. For a one-dimensional walker we present numerical investigations and analytical arguments that no phase transition is present. When formulated on a Cayley tree, methods developed for the directed polymer are used to show that there is a transition with decreasing signal to noise where effective inference becomes impossible, meaning that the average fractional overlap between the inferred and true paths falls from one to zero.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Engineering interactions by collective coupling of atom pairs to cavity photons for entanglement generation
Authors: Sharma Sankalp , Chwedeńczuk Jan , Wasak Tomasz
Published: February 2025

Engineering atom-atom interactions is essential both for controlling novel phases of matter and for efficient preparation of many-body entangled states, which are key resources in quantum communication, computation, and metrology. In this work, we propose a scheme to tailor these interactions by coupling driven atom pairs to optical cavity photons via a molecular state in the dispersive regime, resulting in an effective photon-field-dependent potential. As an illustrative example, by analyzing the quantum Fisher information, we show that such induced interactions can generate robust many-body entanglement in two-mode ultracold bosons in an optical cavity. By tuning the photon-induced interactions through the cavity drive, we identify conditions for preparing highly entangled states on timescales that mitigate decoherence due to photon loss. Our results show that entanglement formation rate scales strongly with both photon and atom number, dramatically reducing the timescale compared to bare atomic interactions. We also identify an optimal measurement for exploiting the metrological potential of the atomic state in an interferometric protocol with significant photon losses, saturating the quantum Cramer-Rao lower bound. Furthermore, we show that despite these losses the atomic state exhibits strong Bell correlations. Our results pave the way for engineering atom-atom interactions to study novel phases of light and matter in hybrid atom-photon systems, as well as for tailoring complex quantum states for new quantum technology protocols and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Green fund shareholdings and firms’ dual performance: based on the perspective of institutional logic
Authors: Nie Yi , Luo Lin , Geng Xiulin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Green funds represent a hybrid approach that integrates both environmental and financial considerations. Firms also strive to balance social benefits with economic performance. This study aims to analyze how green fund shareholdings impact firms’ dual performance and explores the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a sample of A-share companies listed on China’s exchanges from 2008 to 2022. A fixed effects model is used to assess the dual value of green funds in enhancing both environmental and financial performance while also exploring viable pathways to achieve a “win-win” outcome.

Findings

Green fund shareholdings significantly enhance both financial and environmental performance, with corporate reputation and corporate transparency acting as mediators. Media oversight and executive compensation positively moderate the relationship between green fund shareholdings and dual performance. In competitive industries, the influence of green fund shareholdings on environmental performance is more pronounced than their effect on financial performance. In the context of politically connected firms, green fund shareholdings have a reduced impact on financial performance, with no significant difference in environmental performance. In addition, the impact of green funds on ownership structure is heterogeneous, promoting dual performance in private firms but not in state-owned enterprises.

Originality/value

This study enhances the understanding of green funds’ dual investment logic, provides deeper insights into their role in fostering sustainable corporate development and extends the application of institutional logic in enterprise management.
Tomatoes in deep water
Authors: Choudhry Misbah Tanveer
Published: February 2025

Learning outcomes

The case is designed to exemplify the following microeconomics concepts:

▪ factors affecting demand and supply;

▪ movement along the demand and supply curves;

▪ shifts in the demand and supply curves;

▪ price elasticity of demand and supply in the short run;

▪ the cross-price elasticity of demand;

▪ regulated markets; and

▪ government import policies.

Case overview/synopsis

Dr Sania Rizvi, an agricultural economist and head of the task force committee on rising food prices, was heading the meeting, focusing on the unprecedented increase in food items generally, mainly the trek in tomato prices. Sania, who had ten years of experience in food supply chain dynamics and market analysis, adopted a thorough approach by considering all the elements influencing tomato prices. This included analyzing issues related to production at the farm level, logistical difficulties, market demand and import policies. The year 2022 brought with it exceptional circumstances of massive monsoon floods, affecting the supply and demand factors in the tomato market. This led to sharp hikes in prices, actual and artificial supply shortages and changes in consumer demand because of expectations of future supply shortages. The massive floods during the monsoon season destroyed standing tomato crops and damaged transport infrastructure, creating a supply shortage. Surviving tomato crops were hoarded by profiteers in hopes of driving prices higher. The Government of Pakistan relaxed restrictions and taxes on tomato imports from Iran and Afghanistan to ease the situation. Moreover, the lack of temperature-controlled storage environments for perishable products, such as tomatoes, presented a significant challenge for the tomato supply chain, particularly in times of crisis, such as the one witnessed in 2022 in Pakistan. Sania’s report was anticipated to play a crucial role in formulating initiatives to alleviate the burden on consumers and establish long-term stability in the market.

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate and graduate-level programs.

This case is designed for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in a management program focusing on microeconomics. In particular, the theme covered is supply and demand and elasticity analysis. It can also be used in agricultural economics, public policy, supply chain management, and executive training to familiarize participants with these concepts.

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 10: Public Sector Management.
Mind the gap: unveiling the advantages and challenges of artificial intelligence in the healthcare ecosystem
Authors: Curiello Simona , Iannuzzi Enrica , Meissner Dirk , Nigro Claudio
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This work provides an overview of academic articles on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. It delves into the innovation process, encompassing a two-stage trajectory of exploration and development followed by dissemination and adoption. To illuminate the transition from the first to the second stage, we use prospect theory (PT) to offer insights into the effects of risk and uncertainty on individual decision-making, which potentially lead to partially irrational choices. The primary objective is to discern whether clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can serve as effective means of “cognitive debiasing”, thus countering the perceived risks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of the adoption of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in healthcare. We selected English articles dated 2013–2023 from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed, found using keywords such as “Artificial Intelligence,” “Healthcare” and “CDSS.” A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate literature productivity and its impact on this topic.

Findings

Of 322 articles, 113 met the eligibility criteria. These pointed to a widespread reluctance among physicians to adopt AI systems, primarily due to trust-related issues. Although our systematic literature review underscores the positive effects of AI in healthcare, it barely addresses the associated risks.

Research limitations/implications

This study has certain limitations, including potential concerns regarding generalizability, biases in the literature review and reliance on theoretical frameworks that lack empirical evidence.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this study lies in its examination of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the risks associated with implementing AI systems. Moreover, it addresses liability issues involving a range of stakeholders, including algorithm developers, Internet of Things (IoT) manufacturers, communication systems and cybersecurity providers.
Ambulatory devices to detect sleep bruxism: a narrative review
Authors: Li C , Yap S , Loh A , Yap YJ , Kujan O , Balasubramaniam R
Published: February 2025

Sleep bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity that occurs during sleep and presents as rhythmic or non‐rhythmic activities commonly seen in healthy individuals but might also represent movement or sleep disorders. Given that the clinical presentations of sleep bruxism are relevant to dentistry, the early detection of sleep bruxism is of particular interest to dentists. However, the gold standard for sleep bruxism diagnosis involves polysomnography with audio‐visual recording – a resource intensive and mostly inaccessible diagnostic method. As such, ambulatory devices to detect sleep bruxism have the potential to address the limitations of polysomnography. This review of the literature was carried out up until December 2024 on commercially available ambulatory devices in detecting sleep bruxism. Select ambulatory devices appear promising as a preliminary screening tool for sleep bruxism both in clinical practice and for domestic use.
Do hormones and surgery improve the health of adults with gender incongruence? A systematic review of patient reported outcomes
Authors: Ireland Kelsey , Hughes Madeleine , Dean Nicola R.
Published: February 2025

Background

Gender diverse people in Australia have higher levels of psychological stress, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts and have poorer self‐reported health than cisgender people.

Objectives

To determine if adults who experience gender incongruence have improved health‐related quality of life and mental health with gender affirming treatment (hormone therapy and surgery), compared with no treatment.

Data sources

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Psych Info.

Review methods

A systematic review of peer‐reviewed publications in English from January 2010 to October 2022. Studies were included where: participants were treated with gender affirming surgery or hormone therapy for minimum 3 months and; validated patient reported outcome measures of health‐related quality of life or mental health were reported. Quality of evidence assessment was undertaken using the Let Evidence Guide Every New Decision evaluation tool.

Results

Eighty‐one publications were included for analysis. The systematic review indicated that there were significant improvements in the domains of mental illness, gender dysphoria, body image and health‐related quality of life following gender affirming medical treatment as measured by a variety of patient reported outcomes. Meta‐analysis showed significant improvement in body image (z = 4.47, P < 0.001) and health‐related quality of life for psychological (z = 1.99, P = 0.047) and social relationships (z = 3.09, P = 0.002) following gender affirming surgery.

Conclusions

There is evidence that hormones and surgery as a collective for adults with gender incongruence has therapeutic value and should be considered for funding within Australia's healthcare systems. The development and implementation of patient‐reported outcome tools tailored for purpose (GENDER Q) will facilitate future research.
Exploring the Role of Play and Family Activities Among Families Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Pic Annette , Han Myae , Shekhar Sofina , Strickland Lauren M. , Maurer Natilie
Published: February 2025

Literature documents the importance of play in children's learning and development. Yet, little attention has been given to play and family activities among families experiencing homelessness with young children. This study explored daily play and family activities among 10 families experiencing homelessness using qualitative methods. Qualitative analysis using Dedoose coding software revealed three key themes: Play is an integral part of family life, serves as a foundation for shared family activities and is perceived as a mechanism for learning and assessing child development. The implication of the study highlights the importance of using a strengths‐based approach for future interventions supporting these families.
A Review of Global Fisheries Performance
Authors: Asche Frank , Garlock Taryn M. , Anderson James L. , Pincinato Ruth B. , Anderson Christopher M. , Camp Edward V. , Chu Jingjie , Cojocaru Andreea L. , Eggert Hakan , Lorenzen Kai , Love David C. , Tveteras Ragnar
Published: February 2025

Management of fisheries is complex as it combines environmental, economic and social objectives. The relative importance of these objectives is highly debated and the best approaches to achieving good outcomes are unclear. A lack of global and multi‐dimensional data has largely precluded reviews providing comparisons of performances across systems at a large scale. We review fisheries performance by analysing outcomes over 14 dimensions of environmental, economic and community performance using a unique global dataset for 145 fisheries collected with the Fishery Performance Indicators. The fisheries are ranked into three performance groups by an average of their environmental, economic and community scores: the 10% best fisheries, the 10% worst fisheries and the middle 80%. Furthermore, we investigate how four different types of management systems, catch shares, territorial use rights, limited entry and open access, are represented in the three performance groups. The best performing fisheries scored equally or better and the poorest performing fisheries scored equally or worse in environmental, economic and social dimensions. We found three different management systems to be represented among the best performing fisheries, indicating that no specific management system is best. Moreover, some management systems were represented in all three performance categories, indicating that fisheries characteristics or management designs are important elements of fishery performance. The worst performing fisheries were dominated by open access fisheries with no or very limited management.
A commentary on sexting, sextortion, and generative AI: Risks, deception, and digital vulnerability
Authors: Pater Jessica , McDaniel Brandon T. , Nova Fayika Farhat , Drouin Michelle , O'Connor Kimberly , Zytko Douglas
Published: February 2025

Objective

We provide a commentary that includes three expert reflections on the impacts of generative AI on sexting and sextortion—an emerging issue amongst youth across the globe.

Background

At the intersection of sexting and generative AI is an emerging, problematic social phenomenon where nude images are being created using AI and shared within teen and young adult populations. This type of online abuse and sextortion has gained recent attention within global news outlets due to the social strife taking place in schools and communities, even prompting the FBI to release multiple public service announcements in 2023 and 2024.

Disciplinary Perspectives

Three experts from psychology, legal, and human–computer interaction domains provide their perspectives related to generative AI, sexting, and sextortion based on emerging accounts of this issue. Across the three perspectives, privacy and consent were consistent themes as were the impacts on trust, relationships, and families.

Conclusion

Future research at the intersections of policy, technology, family relationships, community education, and ethical applications of technology are essential to address this emerging threat to children and families.

Implications

In addition to the many benefits extolled about generative AI, misuse of this technology will continue to be associated with negative consequences for children and families. The multidisciplinary perspectives demonstrate current and potential future issues. Negative consequences of generative AI for children and families should be further examined.
Corrosion and Fatigue Behavior of Boeing Space, Intelligence, and Weapons Systems Laser Powder Fusion Built Scalmalloy® in 5% NaCl
Authors: Ang Andrew , Aston Richard , King Hannah , Chan Shareen S. L. , Schoenborn Nicole D. , Peng Daren , Jones Rhys
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation into the corrosion resistance of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)‐produced Scalmalloy® specimens built by Boeing Space, Intelligence, and Weapons Systems (BSI&WS). The specimens were first exposed to a 5% NaCl salt fog test at 35°C, and a comparison was made with prior tests on the aluminum alloy AA7050‐T7451. The AA7050‐T7451 alloy was chosen since it is widely used in fixed‐wing aircraft, rotary‐wing aircraft, and in space structures. This preliminary study reveals that BSI&WS LPBF‐built Scalmalloy® is significantly more resistant to corrosion pitting than AA7050‐T7451. These prior exposed (Scalmalloy®) specimens were then fatigued tested, and it was shown that exposure for 28 days to a 5% salt spray fog environment at 35°C did not reduce the durability of the specimens. As such, this study, when taken in conjunction with the authors' previous report on the exceptional damage tolerance of Scalmalloy®, reveals that the BIS&WS LPBF Scalmalloy® is particularly attractive for use on a range of both fixed‐ and rotary‐wing military aircraft. It also reinforces the potential for BSI&WS LPBF Scalmalloy® to be used in building parts for attritable aircraft/drones.
LncRNA FAM30A Suppresses Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma by Blocking the JAK–STAT Signalling
Authors: Liu Jin , Han Shuangyin , Cui Yuanbo , Zhao Qiuyan , Wang Yunfei , Li Tian , Li Xiuling
Published: February 2025

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) poses a serious risk to global human health. Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC. There is a scarcity of data about a newly identified lncRNA, FAM30A. Our major objective is to investigate the role of FAM30A in the process of CRC. Gene expression data and correlated clinical information were retrieved and downloaded from public databases to identify differentially expressed genes linked to CRC. The expression of FAM30A was identified in clinical samples and CRC cell lines using via Quantitative Real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) assay also. The survival significance of FAM30A was determined via R package “survival.” Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to identify FAM30A‐related signalling pathway. The levels of proteins expression were determined by western blot assay. The effect of FAM30A on CRC cell biological behaviours was evaluated by cell function experiments. FAM30A was identified down‐regulated in CRC based on the data from public database. FAM30A had lower expression in CRC clinical samples and cell lines. Low FAM30A expression was positively related to a poor prognosis in CRC patients. After FAM30A was overexpressed, the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of CRC cells were decreased, and the rate of CRC cell apoptosis increased. Furthermore, overexpression of FAM30A could block JAK–STAT signalling. FAM30A suppresses proliferative, invasive, and migratory abilities of CRC through blocking JAK–STAT signalling. Thus, it can be a novel biomarker of CRC prognosis.
Trends and Gaps in Clinical Research on Tooth Bleaching: A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies Published From 2001 to 2024
Authors: Aragão Walessa Alana Bragança , Chemelo Victória Santos , Melo Wallacy Watson Pereira , Gomes‐Moura José Lucas , Loretto Sandro Cordeiro , Lobato Marcelo Figueiredo , de Souza‐Rodrigues Renata Duarte , Reis Alessandra , Loguercio Alessandro Dourado , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The objective of this bibliometric review is to address the main trends and development in dental whitening throughout the 21st century, as well as to identify knowledge gaps on the subject.

Method

A search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database and information was extracted regarding the journal, authors, keywords, year of publication, number of citations, country, continent of the corresponding author. After reading the articles, data such as study design, type of bleaching technique, types of light sources used with the bleaching, occurrence of tooth sensitivity, and tooth color change analysis method were extracted.

Results

The journal with the largest number of publications was “Operative dentistry” (n = 61), and the authors with the most articles were Loguercio AD (n = 82) and Reis A (n = 76). The productions are concentrated in Brazil, with emphasis on the State University Ponta Grossa. Most of the articles are randomized clinical studies that used the in‐office bleaching technique with 35% hydrogen peroxide.

Conclusion

Our results show that the most recent studies used light sources such as a violet LED during whitening; however, more studies are needed to prove the benefits in relation to color change and reduction of tooth sensitivity.
Effect of Coloring Pigments on the Properties of Dental Zirconia—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gali Sivaranjani , Patel Zulekha , Akanksha Y. N. , Karuveetil Vineetha
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The effect of pigmentation on color, aging behavior, and mechanical properties of zirconia is debated. The purpose of the paper is to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the studies that evaluated the effect of coloring pigments on the properties of zirconia.

Data Sources

A systematic electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central, and EBSCO Host. A platform‐specific search strategy was employed, using MeSH keywords and text words.

Study Selection

The inclusion criteria were in vitro experimental studies that synthesized coloring pigments and evaluated their effect on zirconia. Case reports, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews were excluded. Commercially available pre‐shaded zirconia, coloring liquids, and staining or glazing systems were not considered. Two investigators independently evaluated the risk of bias using modified CONSORT. Meta‐analysis employed a random‐effects model and assessed heterogeneity with the I‐square test and continuous data with the inverse variance test.

Conclusions

Transitional metal oxides are used in pre‐shaded blocks and rare earth metals in coloring liquids. These pigments can alter grain size and lattice parameters, increase porosity, reduce translucency, improve aging resistance, and affect zirconia's hardness, fracture toughness, and flexural strength. They demonstrated no effect on gingival fibroblast proliferation, indicating their cytocompatibility.
Spatial Assessment of Territorial Resilience to Floods Using Comprehensive Indicators: Application to Greater Papeete (French Polynesia)
Authors: Bourlier Bastien , Taillandier Franck , Heinzlef Charlotte , Serre Damien , Curt Corinne
Published: February 2025

Flash floods and coastal flooding are more and more frequent and damaging in the context of climate change. In addition, the concentration of the population in urban areas contributes to increasing flood risk in these areas. Furthermore, not all territories are at the same level in their risk and resilience management approaches. Regarding this, the French overseas territories have been identified as particularly vulnerable to flood risk. This is the case for Tahiti, the main island of French Polynesia where the capital is located. It is a dense urban area subject to coastal and river flooding hazards, largely exacerbated by the physical environment. Our goal is to propose a method to assess flood resilience in Tahiti. We developed an indicator‐based method and used GIS to produce and represent a spatial analysis of territorial resilience. We developed a list of comprehensive spatial indicators that take into account three main dimensions: a structural dimension (e.g., building resilience), an organisational dimension (e.g., the resilience of actions during crisis) and a socio‐economic dimension (e.g., human economic capital). The final objective of this research is to design decision‐making tools for territorial stakeholders to help them in long‐term reflection and collaboration.
Relative Risk Aversion: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Elminejad Ali , Havranek Tomas , Irsova Zuzana
Published: February 2025

Estimates of relative risk aversion vary widely, but no study has attempted to quantitatively trace the sources of the variation. We collect 1021 estimates from 92 studies that use the consumption Euler equation to measure relative risk aversion and that disentangle it from intertemporal substitution. We show that calibrations of risk aversion are systematically larger than estimates thereof. Moreover, reported estimates are systematically larger than the underlying risk aversion because of publication bias. After correction for the bias, the literature suggests a mean risk aversion of 1 in economics and 2–7 in finance contexts. The reported estimates are driven by the characteristics of data (frequency, dimension, country, stockholding) and utility (functional form, treatment of durables). To obtain these results, we use recently developed techniques to correct for publication bias and Bayesian model averaging techniques to account for model uncertainty.