bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does tele-exercise training for tetraplegia meet the spinal cord injury-specific physical activity guidelines? A 7-month longitudinal study
Authors: Gomes Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues , Dorneles Jefferson Rodrigues , Veloso João Henrique Carneiro Leão , Gonçalves Carlos Wellington Passos , Ribeiro Neto Frederico
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Tele-exercise, defined as an intervention that offers physical training provided remotely, represents an alternative for remote care during social isolation and the absence of in-person interventions, considering the difficulties of regular exercise engagement in tetraplegia. The current study aimed to examine whether tele-exercise training in individuals with tetraplegia meets the recommendations proposed by the spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific guidelines, and the adherence.

Methods

Twenty SCI tetraplegia performed tele-exercise training. The weekly training load of the tele-exercise training during the 27 weeks was compared to the estimated training load of SCI-specific guidelines: TW vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Tweedy et al.; MG vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al.; MG moderate guideline: moderate intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al. Adherence was obtained weekly during 27 weeks.

Results

The tele-exercise training load was 22.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline and 21.6% and 47.7% lower than the MG vigorous and TW vigorous guidelines, respectively. The tele-exercise training loads for men and women were, respectively, 2.3% and 35.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline; 34.0% and 13.2% lower than the MG vigorous guideline; and 56.1% and 42.1% lower than the TW vigorous guideline. Adherence was 45.1%.

Conclusion

The tele-exercise training in men and women with tetraplegia for 7 months met the moderate intensity of recommendation proposed by one SCI exercise guideline. The adherence was 45.1%, with higher values for men compared to women. This finding shows that tele-exercise training may be an alternative exercise training intervention for tetraplegia and prompts reflexion on the inclusion of tele-exercise training in SCI exercise guidelines.
Using the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behaviour to assess provider perception of implementing solution-focused goal-setting in paediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Crawford L , Colquhoun H , Kingsnorth S , Fehlings D , Fayed Nora
Published: August 2023

Adoption of family and child goal-setting in paediatric rehabilitation is important to positive long-term outcomes. Solution-focused coaching (SFC) has been identified as a promising approach to ensuring this type of goal-setting occurs, while the actual implementation of SFC by health care providers (HCPs) is low. This study utilized the capacity, opportunity, and motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B) to identify which strengths and difficulties health care providers (HCPs) perceived with respect to SFC goal-setting in paediatric rehabilitation. A self-report survey was developed and administered to HCPs at a paediatric rehabilitation hospital. Each survey question was based upon a COM-B sub-component. Demographic information was collected from HCPs, and descriptive statistics were used to rank perceived COM-B components from strongest to weakest. Results indicate HCPs view the provision of SFC goal-setting as an important practice, while they also perceive difficulties to actual delivery due to: lack of adequate individual skill, lack of experience with this type of goal-setting, and insufficient preparation for clients to engage in sharing their goals. HCPs also perceived lack of organizational processes to support the practice within their teams. Recommendations for intervention are provided.
Indoor radon mitigation strategies: The Alto Minho region (Northern Portugal) practical case
Authors: Nunes Leonel JR , Curado António , Lopes Sérgio I
Published: August 2023

The article explores techniques for mitigating indoor radon in buildings, including soil depressurization, anti-radon coatings and membranes, interior mechanical building pressurization, and natural and forced ventilation procedures. The effectiveness of each technique depends on various factors, such as indoor radon level or building construction type. The region of Alto Minho, Northern Portugal, mostly comprises single-family housing with different structures and materials, and performing an assessment stage is crucial for selecting the appropriate mitigation method. The ageing and declining population in the region suggests that the rehabilitation of existing buildings is more likely than the implementation of new construction. The article also emphasizes the potential impacts of soil depressurization and pressurization on soil geotechnical properties. Anti-radon barriers and mortars have been effectively used in high indoor radon concentration situations and can be combined with natural or forced ventilation procedures and real-time multi-parameter monitoring for improving indoor air quality and energy efficiency of buildings.
A post-colonial reading of Alexis de Tocqueville’s writings on slavery and its aftermaths
Authors: Maussen Marcel
Published: August 2023

This article develops a postcolonial and comparative reading of Tocqueville’s writings on slavery. It argues, first, that Tocqueville analyzed the ending of slavery as a revolutionary social transformation involving changes in laws, social relations and mores, and second, that he employed the same analytical framework consistently to discuss processes of abolition in the United States and in the French Caribbean Islands. In the United States the process of abolition of slavery was deepening rather than ending racist prejudices, racial segregation and hatred between the black and the white populations. This would, so Tocqueville predicted, undermine democracy in America. In the plantation colonies he believed the French could draw lessons from the English experiences when organizing the abolition process. Only when legal changes and changes in mores developed in tandem there could be economic and political stability in the aftermath of slavery. This would allow the French to end slavery peacefully, which he deemed necessary if they intended to continue exploiting the colonies. The article argues that Tocqueville demonstrated a deep and critical understanding of the reprehensible, long-lasting role of anti-black racism and slavery in barring the emergence of democratic cultures based on equal standing and integration across racial difference. Yet, he combined this critical perspective on racist slavery with an accepted defense of European supremacy and with a sense of pessimism about the possibilities for Africans to ever become capable of self-government.
Real Time Measurement of Household Financial Electronic Transactions in a Population Representative Panel: A Pilot Study
Authors: Angrisani Marco , Kapteyn Arie , Samek Swaroop
Published: August 2023

From September 2016 to September 2018, we piloted the collection of financial transaction and account balance data in the Understanding America Study (UAS), a probability-based Internet panel representative of the U.S. adult population. Unlike previous studies relying on electronic transaction information from financial aggregators, which typically contain very little information on consumer characteristics, our data allow us to explore heterogeneity in consumer behavior as driven by demographics, cognitive ability, and financial literacy, among others. In this article, we describe the results of this pilot project, documenting selectivity issues and the major barriers associated with participation in the study. We carry out illustrative exercises to highlight how the combination of surveys and electronic financial records can lead to methodological advances in the measurement of individuals’ spending and saving behavior.
Rehabilitation Phases, Precautions, and Mobility Goals Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sara Lauren K. , Lewis Cara L.
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for advanced hip osteoarthritis (OA) is both increasing and shifting toward a younger average age. However, THA alone does not typically normalize function in these patients. Postoperative rehabilitation is often recommended to optimize joint motion, strength, and function. To date, there are no peer-reviewed clinical practice guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation following THA. Thus, optimal postoperative rehabilitation requires consideration of the existing literature and clinical expertise. This review article summarizes current recommendations for postoperative management of THA, including phases of rehabilitation, postoperative hip precautions, the effect of rehabilitation setting and mode of delivery on postoperative outcomes, and gait mechanics.
Fresh Start: A Comprehensive Pilot Produce Prescription Program to Improve Food Literacy and Glycemic Control in Rural, Uninsured Patients
Authors: Sastre Lauren R. , Stroud Brandon J.
Published: August 2023

Produce prescription (PRx) programs improve access to fresh fruits and vegetables. However, many programs lack culinary focused nutrition education or behavioral support to promote sustainable lifestyle changes. The pilot Fresh Start PRx (FSPRx) program was a 20-week PRx program. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the FSPRx program on food literacy, lifestyle behaviors, and health outcomes (e.g., glycemic control) with rural, uninsured patients with type-2 diabetes. Adult patients (n = 56) diagnosed with type-2 diabetes enrolled in the pilot FSPRx program. The FSPRx program consisted of telephone-based health coaching, group educational sessions, and a PRx. Patients completed diet quality, food literacy, and physical activity questionnaires and had blood drawn for hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) pre- and post-intervention. Twenty-seven patients had a significant improvement in both fruit and vegetable consumption. Nineteen patients had an increase in total food literacy scores, budgeting skills, meal planning and prepping, nutrition resourcefulness, and physical activity confidence after the intervention. Patients had an average HbA1C decline of .79% (n = 27, P = .01, t = 2.49). This pilot suggests comprehensive PRx programming that integrates culinary and food literacy focused education and behavioral support may be effective in improving patients' diet quality, knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, and health.
Transportation sand leakage and turf performance of sand-based removable modular turf as affected by the combined action of coir fiber and polyacrylamide
Authors: Yufeng Chen , Peng Zhang , Liebao Han , Yongqiang Qian , Guilong Song , Xiaohui Yang
Published: August 2023

Removable modular turf with a sand-based rootzone is a solution for high-end stadiums which can organize various events on the turf. However, the low stability of sand leads to serious sand leakage during the transportation of modular turf, which reduces the evenness and safety of the turf. Previous studies have shown that adding coir fibers (CF) and polyacrylamide (PAM) will improve soil stability. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of CF and different amounts of PAM on soil properties, turfgrass growth, shear strength, and sand leakage during simulated transport vibrations in a sand-based modular turf planted with tall fescue ( Festuca elata Keng ex E. Alexeev). Each treatment comprised a mixture of 0.4% (weight material/weight soil) CF and six concentrations of PAM (0%, 0.025%, 0.050%, 0.075%, 0.100%, 0.125%, w/w) in the sand-based rootzone, with no addition of CF or PAM as the control. The results show that, in the sand-based rootzone, CF could improve tall fescue growth, shear strength, and resistance to sand leakage owing to transport vibration due to the physical properties of the coir fiber. However, the combined effect of CF and 0.100% PAM was better for tall fescue growth, shear strength, and resistance to sand leakage. However, owing to the lubricating effect of PAM, adding a low (≤0.025%) or a high rate (≥0.125%) amount of PAM would reduce the effect of CF and PAM. Therefore, the combined effect of CF + 0.100% PAM in this study had the best effect on the turf module and can be used as an application scheme for the removable modular turf.
Contactin-associated protein 2 autoantibodies can be associated with multifocal motor-like neuropathy: a case report
Authors: Müller-Miny Louisa , Sauer Raoul , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Gross Catharina C. , Kovac Stjepana , Schilling Matthias , Beuker Carolin , Wiendl Heinz , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd
Published: August 2023

Autoantibodies against contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) are usually associated with autoimmune encephalitis and neuromyotonia. Their association with inflammatory neuropathies has been described in case reports albeit all with distal symmetric manifestation. Here, we report a patient who developed distal arm paresis, dominantly of the right arm, over the course of 1 year. Electroneurography showed a conduction block of motor nerve conduction, nerve ultrasonography a swelling of the right median and ulnar nerve and flow cytometry an increase in natural killer (NK cells) in the blood and natural killer T (NKT) cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), therefore indicating a multifocal motor neuropathy-like (MMN-like) phenotype. CASPR2 autoantibodies were detected in serum and CSF. Through immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulins the patient showed clinical and neurographic improvement. We therefore describe the first association of CASPR2 autoantibodies with a MMN-like clinical manifestation, extending the spectrum of CASPR2-associated diseases.
Feasibility and initial psychometric properties of the observe, reflect, improve children’s learning tool (ORICL) for early childhood services: A tool for building capacity in infant and toddler educators
Authors: Williams Kate E. , Janus Magdalena , Harrison Linda J. , Wong Sandie , Elwick Sheena , McFarland Laura
Published: August 2023

Child observation is a critical component of quality pedagogy in early childhood education and care (ECEC). The ORICL (Observe, Reflect, Improve Children’s Learning) tool was co-designed by ECEC researchers, policymakers, leaders, and practitioners to support this work. Educators rate the experiences of individual children, and responses of educators and peers on 118 items across five domains. In this study of the utility of ORICL, the tool was used by 21 educators across 12 ECEC services for a total of 66 children. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to determine how educators used the full range of the ORICL rating scale, and the psychometric properties of the tool were explored. Findings suggest that the ORICL items can be readily observed and rated by educators for children aged under 3 years, the rating scale is appropriate, and there is early evidence to support the domain structure of the tool.
In-vivo imaging of a rare constellation of arterial variants: Aberrant subclavian artery, bicarotid trunk, and ectopic vertebral arteries
Authors: Boukobza Monique , Laissy Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2023

We report in-vivo imaging of a constellation of arterial variants found incidentally on CT-angiography in a 23-year-old woman presenting with an ischaemic stroke. This extremely rare combination includes a common origin of both common carotid arteries, an abnormal origin of the right vertebral artery (VA) from the right common carotid artery and of the left VA from the aortic arch, associated with an aberrant right subclavian artery. This constellation, previously described in a female cadaver, has not been reported in-vivo. Awareness of this configuration is crucial for radiological diagnosis and when performing angiography and endovascular or surgical procedures in thorax, head and neck, to avoid complications.
Two-year real-world outcome data from a single tertiary centre shows reduced ustekinumab persistence in a non-bio-naïve Crohn’s disease cohort with penetrating disease, -ostomies and sarcopenia
Authors: Inniss Saskia , Fragkos Konstantinos C. , Whitley Lisa , Wimpory Rachel , Rebello Eleanor , Lisboa Ana , Khetan Tanvi , Hassan Jasmine , Simpson Kate , Bhagwanani Anisha , Vega Roser , Parisi Ioanna , Harrow Paul , Seward Edward , McCartney Sara , Bloom Stuart , Smith Andrew M. , Plumb Andrew , Rahman Farooq Z.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Ustekinumab was approved in 2016 for the treatment of moderate–severe Crohn’s disease (CD). Clinical trials and real-world studies have suggested ustekinumab to be a safe and effective treatment; however, studies to date infrequently use imaging techniques to predict response to biologics in CD.

Objectives:

We assessed the 2-year real-world effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in a tertiary CD cohort with the use of novel imaging techniques.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

Retrospective data were collected between 2016 and 2021. Study end points included ustekinumab persistence, biological and/or clinical response and remission at 12, 18 and 24 months. Statistical analysis included demographic and inferential analyses.

Results:

In all, 131 CD patients [57.3% female, median age of 26.0 (21.0–37.0)] were included. Patients were non-bio naïve, and the majority received ustekinumab as third- or fourth-line treatment. At 24 months, 61.0% (80/131) persisted with ustekinumab [52.7% (69/131) steroid free]. Clinical response was reported in 55.2% (37/67), clinical remission in 85.7% (57/67), biological response in 46.8% (22/47) and biological remission in 31.9% (15/47) of patients at 24 months. The low outcome numbers were attributable to missing data. Improvements in routine disease markers, including C-reactive protein and Harvey–Bradshaw Index, were also reflected in magnetic resonance imaging-derived disease scores. The presence of penetrating CD, an -ostomy and sarcopenia were all predictors of poorer ustekinumab outcomes ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Ustekinumab is effective in non-bio-naïve CD patients with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease with an unremarkable safety profile but may be less effective in those with penetrating disease, -ostomies and sarcopenia.
Feasibility and acceptability to use a smartphone-based manikin for daily longitudinal self-reporting of chronic pain
Authors: Ali Syed Mustafa , Selby David A , Bourke Darryl , Bravo Santisteban Ramiro D , Chiarotto Alessandro , Firth Jill , James Ben , Parker Ben , Dixon William G , van der Veer Sabine N
Published: August 2023

Background

As management of chronic pain continues to be suboptimal, there is a need for tools that support frequent, longitudinal pain self-reporting to improve our understanding of pain. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of daily pain self-reporting using a smartphone-based pain manikin.

Methods

For this prospective feasibility study, we recruited adults with lived experience of painful musculoskeletal condition. They were asked to complete daily pain self-reports via an app for 30 days. We assessed feasibility by calculating pain report completion levels, and investigated differences in completion levels between subgroups. We assessed acceptability via an end-of-study questionnaire, which we analysed descriptively.

Results

Of the 104 participants, the majority were female ( n = 87; 84%), aged 45-64 ( n = 59; 57%), and of white ethnic background ( n = 89; 86%). The mean completion levels was 21 (± 7.7) pain self-reports. People who were not working (odds ratio (OR) = 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52-2.23) were more likely, and people living in less deprived areas (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.97) and of non-white ethnicity (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.36-0.57) were less likely to complete pain self-reports than their employed, more deprived and white counterparts, respectively. Of the 96 participants completing the end-of-study questionnaire, almost all participants agreed that it was easy to complete a pain drawing ( n = 89; 93%).

Conclusion

It is feasible and acceptable to self–report pain using a smartphone–based manikin over a month. For its wider adoption for pain self–reporting, the feasibility and acceptability should be further explored among people with diverse socio–economic and ethnic backgrounds.
Modeling the intention and usage of medicine vending machine: Using partial least squares-structural equation modelling and necessary condition analysis
Authors: Yang Qing , Al Mamun Abdullah , Gao Jingzu , Makhbul Zafir Khan Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the intention to use and actual usage of medicine vending machines (MVMs) in China and to close the existing literature gap by examining the relationship between perceived convenience (PC), perceived trust, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, on the intention to use MVM in a comprehensive manner. The impact of facilitating conditions on MVM adoption was also examined. Finally, customer age was tested as a moderator.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that used data collected through a self-administered questionnaire. A combination of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) technique was used to analyze and discuss the 308 valid questionnaires, test the hypotheses, and conduct an in-depth analysis.

Results

The results showed that PC, perceived trust, and performance expectancy were significantly related to the intention to use MVM. Effort expectancy was a non-significant predictor of intention to use MVM. Social influence was a significant negative predictor of the intention to use MVM. More importantly, performance expectancy was found to be a necessary factor for MVM intention, providing new marketing ideas for MVM owners. Age had a significant moderating effect on the facilitating conditions and intention to use vending machines. The relatively young population is more conscious of the facilitating conditions.

Conclusions

The findings of this study are of considerable importance as a guide for the main user group of vending machines. The combined analysis and discussion of PLS-SEM and NCA provide a sound theoretical basis for the practical implications of this study. In the future, we will attempt to use this technique in other areas of study. In terms of theoretical implications, this study provides technical references for future research.
The Minority Penalty: Disparate Policing Across Noncompliant Minorities and Whites
Authors: Liu Lin , Flexon Jamie L.
Published: August 2023

Numerous studies have examined the relationship between racial minorities and police use of force, with many of these studies indicating a direct and positive relationship. However, few studies have assessed the moderation effect of race—how race may amplify the impact of noncompliant behaviors to affect police officers’ decision to use non-lethal force. This study examines this element of amplified influence using insights from the deference norms and focal concerns perspectives to nest the work. While findings suggest that citizens’ noncompliant reactions such as verbal and physical resistance trigger an increase in the likelihood of police use of force, the results indicate that race and ethnicity further condition the effect. Specifically, the influence of citizen demeanor is augmented for minorities when predicting police use of non-lethal force compared to noncompliant Whites. The implications of these findings for police training and equitable administration of justice are discussed.
Interobserver Agreement and Satisfaction With the use of Telemedicine for Evaluating low Back Pain: A Primary, Observational, Cross-Sectional, Analytical Study
Authors: Dias Jair Moreira , Mendes Adriano Fernando , Pestana de Aguiar Eduardo , Silveira Luan Costa , Noel Dias Maria Fernanda , Barbosa Raposo Nádia Rezende
Published: August 2023

Study design

A primary, observational, cross-sectional, analytical study.

Objective

The development of a framework for systematic telemedicine (TM) for orthopedic physicians in frequent clinical care may increase agreement in diagnosis and satisfaction among users of TM. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the agreement in the diagnosis of low back pain (LBP) between TM, systematized by a self-completed digital questionnaire, and face-to-face (FF) care in patients with LBP.

Methods

This study included adults up to 75 years of age with LBP for more than 6 weeks. They were evaluated at 2 independent time points (TM and FF) by different orthopedists with 3 different levels of expertise. Professionals evaluated the sample without prior knowledge of the diagnosis, and each orthopedist provided a diagnosis. Diagnostic agreement was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the duration of the visit and satisfaction among healthcare professionals.

Results

A total of 168 participants were eligible, of whom 126 sought care through TM and 122 sought FF care (mean age, 47 years [range, 18-75 years]; 66.4% women). The agreement among professionals regarding the diagnosis was moderate (kappa = .585, P = .001). TM was faster than FF (11.9 minutes (standard deviation = 4.1) vs 18.6 (SD = 6.9), P < .001). Professional satisfaction was higher among spine specialists than among orthopedic residents and orthopedists who were not specialists in spine surgery.

Conclusion

Agreement in diagnosis was moderate for TM, with a 30% shorter visit duration than FF. Satisfaction varied by professional expertise and was higher among spine specialists than among professionals with other expertise.
Predicting the Risk of Injuries Through Assessments of Asymmetric Lower Limb Functional Performance: A Prospective Study of 415 Youth Taekwondo Athletes
Authors: Guan Yanfei , Bredin Shannon S.D. , Taunton Jack , Jiang Qinxian , Wu Nana , Warburton Darren E.R.
Published: August 2023

Background:

The impact of interlimb asymmetries on sport injuries is unclear because of inconsistent findings, and there is a lack of research on youth athletes and the sport of taekwondo.

Purpose:

To examine the effects of functional interlimb asymmetries on noncontact lower limb injuries in youth athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 415 taekwondo athletes (318 boys and 97 girls) aged 6 to 17 years underwent baseline testing to determine interlimb asymmetries through the single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), hop, and triple hop tests as well as the Star Excursion Balance Test. The athletes were then evaluated for 12 months to observe the occurrence of noncontact lower limb injuries.

Results:

During the study, 98 athletes (70 boys and 28 girls) sustained at least 1 noncontact lower limb injury. Athletes with higher interlimb asymmetries in single-leg CMJ height showed a significantly increased risk of noncontact lower limb injuries (boys: odds ratio [OR], 1.053 [95% CI, 1.027-1.080], P < .001; girls: OR, 1.070 [95% CI, 1.016-1.128], P = .011). Asymmetry in single-leg CMJ height of ≥15.28% was found to be the cutoff point for predicting noncontact lower limb injuries in boys (OR, 4.652 [95% CI, 2.577-8.398]; P < .001).

Conclusion:

This study highlights the utility of interlimb asymmetries in unilateral jump performance as a tool for assessing the risk of noncontact lower limb injuries in youth taekwondo athletes of both sexes. A proper evaluation of interlimb asymmetries may improve prevention strategies for youth athletes.
Midterm Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Olympic Volleyball Players: Return to Sports and Return to Performance
Authors: Porcellini Giuseppe , Ziroglu Nezih , De Santis Elisa , Micheloni Gian Mario , Tarallo Luigi , Giorgini Andrea
Published: August 2023

Background:

The decision-making process and predicting the time to return to sport (RTS) and return to performance (RTP) after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) in elite volleyball players are difficult issues to address, even among experienced shoulder surgeons.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results in Olympic-level volleyball players treated with arthroscopic supraspinatus repair and to report the RTS and the RTP. It was hypothesized that these athletes had higher RTS and faster RTP.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This study included 17 elite volleyball athletes (11 male, 6 female; mean age, 26.2 years) who underwent ARCR for partial- and full-thickness supraspinatus tears that did not improve despite nonoperative treatment. The clinical results were evaluated at 12 months postoperatively. The authors compared the athletes’ preoperative, 6-month, and 12-month Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) scores and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain after competition and conducted 6- and 12-month isometric strength analyses. The athletes’ RTS and RTP times were recorded.

Results:

All tears were on the dominant side (15 right, 2 left), and 82% were partial tears (14 partial thickness, 3 full thickness). The mean time from the onset of symptoms to surgery was 11.3 ± 6.7 months. While the mean Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic score was 31 preoperatively, it was 89 after 6 months ( P < .001 vs preoperative) and 96 after 12 months ( P = .003 vs 6 months). The mean VAS for pain was 7.9 preoperatively, 0.4 at 6 months ( P < .001 vs preoperative), and 0.1 at 12 months ( P = .02 vs 6 months). All athletes were able to reach their preinjury level, with RTS at a mean of 6.9 months and RTP at a mean of 12.4 months.

Conclusion:

ARCR appears to be an effective option for Olympic-level volleyball players who do not benefit from nonoperative treatment. All athletes returned to their preinjury level of sports. The surgeon and athlete can plan surgical decision-making and timing based on the mean RTS time of 6.9 months and mean RTP time of 12.4 months.
Haor (Wetland) Community in Bangladesh: Problems/Needs, Resources and Potential for Employing Smart Village Ideas
Authors: Hossain Md. Ismail , Ahmad Iftakhar , Mehedi Nafiul , Ali Isahaque , Azman Azlinda
Published: August 2023

This article discusses needs and problems and resources in the Haor (wetland) region in Bangladesh and the potential for employing smart village ideas to address a few identified needs and problems. The study was conducted on 12 villages of the Tanguar Haor of Sunamganj District. A total of 20 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted following purposive sampling. The findings indicated that Haor people experience acute poverty, ill health, low level of education and endemic unemployment which are being worsened by frequent floods and climate-induced damages. The Haor area occupies some potential resources, including land, livestock, marshlands, electricity and mobile telephones, all of which could be mobilised to improve the quality of Haor people’s lives. The paper suggests applying the smart village model that touches every facet of wetland life, including agriculture, education, employment and healthcare to improve the living standard of the people of the Haor region.
LepR+ niche cell–derived AREG compromises hematopoietic stem cell maintenance under conditions of DNA repair deficiency and aging
Authors: Wu Limei , Lin Qiqi , Chatla Srinivas , Amarachintha Surya , Wilson Andrew F. , Atale Neha , Gao Zhenxia J. , Joseph Jonathan , Wolff Emily V. , Du Wei
Published: August 2023

The cross talk between extrinsic niche-derived and intrinsic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) factors controlling HSC maintenance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that amphiregulin (AREG) from bone marrow (BM) leptin receptor (LepR+) niche cells is an important factor that mediates the cross talk between the BM niche and HSCs in stem cell maintenance. Mice deficient of the DNA repair gene Brca2, specifically in LepR+ cells (LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl), exhibited increased frequencies of total and myeloid-biased HSCs. Furthermore, HSCs from LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl mice showed compromised repopulation, increased expansion of donor-derived, myeloid-biased HSCs, and increased myeloid output. Brca2-deficient BM LepR+ cells exhibited persistent DNA damage–inducible overproduction of AREG. Ex vivo treatment of wild-type HSCs or systemic treatment of C57BL/6 mice with recombinant AREG impaired repopulation, leading to HSC exhaustion. Conversely, inhibition of AREG by an anti–AREG-neutralizing antibody or deletion of the Areg gene in LepR-Cre;Brca2fl/fl mice rescued HSC defects caused by AREG. Mechanistically, AREG activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, promoted HSC cycling, and compromised HSC quiescence. Finally, we demonstrated that BM LepR+ niche cells from other DNA repair–deficient and aged mice also showed persistent DNA damage–associated overexpression of AREG, which exerts similar negative effects on HSC maintenance. Therefore, we identified an important factor that regulates HSCs function under conditions of DNA repair deficiency and aging.
Phenotype of new daily persistent headache: subtypes and comparison to transformed chronic daily headache
Authors: Cheema Sanjay , Stubberud Anker , Rantell Khadija , Nachev Parashkev , Tronvik Erling , Matharu Manjit
Published: August 2023

Background

It is unknown whether new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a single disorder or heterogenous group of disorders, and whether it is a unique disorder from chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. We describe a large group of patients with primary NDPH, compare its phenotype to transformed chronic daily headache (T-CDH), and use cluster analysis to reveal potential sub-phenotypes in the NDPH group.

Methods

We performed a case–control study using prospectively collected clinical data in patients with primary NDPH and T-CDH (encompassing chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache). We used logistic regression with propensity score matching to compare demographics, phenotype, comorbidities, and treatment responses between NDPH and T-CDH. We used K-means cluster analysis with Gower distance to identify sub-clusters in the NDPH group based on a combination of demographics, phenotype, and comorbidities.

Results

We identified 366 patients with NDPH and 696 with T-CDH who met inclusion criteria. Patients with NDPH were less likely to be female (62.6% vs. 73.3%, p < 0.001). Nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, motion sensitivity, vertigo, and cranial autonomic symptoms were all significantly less frequent in NDPH than T-CDH (p value for all < 0.001). Acute treatments appeared less effective in NDPH than T-CDH, and medication overuse was less common (16% vs. 42%, p < 0.001). Response to most classes of oral preventive treatments was poor in both groups. The most effective treatment in NDPH was doselupin in 45.7% patients (95% CI 34.8–56.5%). Cluster analysis identified three subgroups of NDPH. Cluster 1 was older, had a high proportion of male patients, and less severe headaches. Cluster 2 was predominantly female, had severe headaches, and few associated symptoms. Cluster 3 was predominantly female with a high prevalence of migrainous symptoms and headache triggers.

Conclusions

Whilst there is overlap in the phenotype of NDPH and T-CDH, the differences in migrainous, cranial autonomic symptoms, and vulnerability to medication overuse suggest that they are not the same disorder. NDPH may be fractionated into three sub-phenotypes, which require further investigation.
Alcohol consumption and cancer incidence in women: interaction with smoking, body mass index and menopausal hormone therapy
Authors: Floud Sarah , Hermon Carol , Simpson Rachel F , Reeves Gillian K
Published: August 2023

Background

Alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risks of certain site-specific cancers and decreased risks of some other cancers. There is, however, little reliable evidence as to whether the alcohol-associated risks for specific cancers are modified by smoking, body mass index (BMI) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use.

Methods

In the prospective UK Million Women Study, 1,233,177 postmenopausal women without prior cancer, mean age 56 (SD 5) years, reported their alcohol consumption in median year 1998 (IQR 1998–1999), and were followed by record-linkage for incident cancer. 438,056 women who drank no alcohol or < 1 drink/week were excluded. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 21 cancers by alcohol amount; statistical significance of interactions with smoking, BMI and MHT use was assessed after allowing for multiple testing.

Results

In 795,121 participants, mean consumption was 6.7 (SD 6.4) alcoholic drinks/week. During 17 (SD 5) years of follow-up, 140,203 incident cancers were recorded. There was strong evidence for a substantial association between alcohol intake and risk of upper aero-digestive cancers (oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; RR per 1 drink/day = 1.38 [95% CI 1.31–1.46]). There was also strong evidence for more moderate positive associations with breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer (RRs per 1 drink/day = 1.12 [1.10–1.14], 1.10 [1.07–1.13], 1.08 [1.02–1.13] respectively), and moderate negative associations with thyroid cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma (RRs per 1 drink/day = 0.79 [0.70–0.89], 0.91 [0.86–0.95], 0.88 [0.83–0.94], 0.90 [0.84–0.97] respectively). Significant interactions between alcohol and smoking were seen for upper aero-digestive cancers (RRs per 1 drink/day = 1.66 [1.54–1.79], 1.23 [1.11–1.36], 1.12 [1.01–1.25] in current, past, and never smokers respectively). BMI and MHT did not significantly modify any alcohol-associated risks.

Conclusions

These findings provide robust evidence that greater alcohol intake, even within relatively moderate ranges, increases the risk of cancers of the aerodigestive tract, breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, and probably decreases the risk of thyroid cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma. Associations of alcohol intake with cancer risk were not modified by MHT use, adiposity or smoking, except in the case of upper aero-digestive cancers, where the alcohol-associated risk was largely confined to smokers.
Changing patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in Hong Kong: a 30-year analysis and future projections
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Sun Haifeng , Li Linchang , Gan Zhenhai , Wu Xiaoming , Du Jianqiang
Published: August 2023

Background

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between age, period, and birth cohort with the incidence trends of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Hong Kong, make projections through 2030 and parse the drivers of the incidence.

Methods

Using data from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry, we used an age-period-cohort model to uniquely estimate age, period, and cohort effects on NPC incidence trends and make projections. We further assessed the drivers of NPC incidence using a validated decomposition algorithm.

Results

From 1991 to 2020, crude and age-standardized incidence rates of NPC decreased significantly. The net drifts showed significant downward trends for both sexes, and local drift declined in all age groups. Period and cohort rate ratios revealed monotonic declining patterns for both sexes. Projections suggested that NPC incidence will continue to decline. Population decomposition showed that while population growth and ageing have led to an increase in NPC cases, epidemiologic changes offset these increases, resulting in an encouraging downward trend in the incidence and new NPC cases in Hong Kong.

Conclusions

The period and cohort risk of NPC in Hong Kong decreased, and epidemiologic changes offset the contribution of demographic factors, resulting in a continued decline in NPC incidence and cases.
Prognosis and clinical issues of esophageal atresia in extremely low birth weight neonates: a case series
Authors: Horiike Masaki , Mimura Hitomi , Yokoi Akiko
Published: August 2023

Background

Esophageal atresia (EA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates is rare. This report aims to clarify EA’s clinical courses and prognosis in ELBW neonates and the clinical issues of long-term survival cases.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted for 8 neonates diagnosed with esophageal atresia. Medical records of ELBW EA neonates treated at our institution were reviewed to assess patient demographics, clinical courses, and outcomes. Transferred patient data was obtained from their local physicians through questionnaires.

Results

EA in ELBW neonates were included in 8 of EA infants (7%). Fatal respiratory and cardiovascular complications of trisomy 18 and complications related to immaturity such as liver failure and pulmonary hypertension were associated with poor prognosis. During primary operations, gastrostomy and esophageal banding were performed together in 50% of the cases, while gastrostomy was performed alone in 25%. The esophageal anastomosis was not performed during any primary operation. All causes of death, except for 1 case, were due to non-surgical causes. A long-term survival case of 17 years postoperatively was included.

Conclusion

Although ELBW EA has a poor prognosis, long-term survival is possible in some cases, so aggressive therapeutic intervention is considered essential. It is important to share information about the prognosis with parents and multidisciplinary specialists and to select an appropriate treatment strategy for each case.
The global estimate of premature cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of age-standardized mortality rate
Authors: Hasani Wan Shakira Rodzlan , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Hanis Tengku Muhammad , Maamor Nur Hasnah , Chen Xin Wee , Omar Mohd Azahadi , Cheng Kueh Yee , Abd Karim Zulkarnain , Hassan Muhammad Radzi Abu , Musa Kamarul Imran
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of premature mortality worldwide, with a growing burden in recent years. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive meta-analyses that quantify the extent of premature CVD mortality. Study addressed this gap by estimating the pooled age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of premature CVD mortality.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of published CVD mortality studies that reported ASMR as an indicator for premature mortality measurement. All English articles published as of October 2022 were searched in four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). We computed pooled estimates of ASMR using random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed heterogeneity from the selected studies using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta regression analysis was performed based on sex, main CVD types, income country level, study time and age group. The analysis was performed using R software with the “meta” and “metafor” packages.

Results

A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The estimated global ASMR for premature mortality from total CVD was 96.04 per 100,000 people (95% CI: 67.18, 137.31). Subgroup analysis by specific CVD types revealed a higher ASMR for ischemic heart disease (ASMR = 15.57, 95% CI: 11.27, 21.5) compared to stroke (ASMR = 12.36, 95% CI: 8.09, 18.91). Sex-specific differences were also observed, with higher ASMRs for males (37.50, 95% CI: 23.69, 59.37) than females (15.75, 95% CI: 9.61, 25.81). Middle-income countries had a significantly higher ASMR (90.58, 95% CI: 56.40, 145.48) compared to high-income countries (21.42, 95% CI: 15.63, 29.37). Stratifying by age group indicated that the age groups of 20–64 years and 30–74 years had a higher ASMR than the age group of 0–74 years. Our multivariable meta-regression model suggested significant differences in the adjusted ASMR estimates for all covariates except study time.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis synthesized a comprehensive estimate of the worldwide burden of premature CVD mortality. Our findings underscore the continued burden of premature CVD mortality, particularly in middle-income countries. Addressing this issue requires targeted interventions to mitigate the high risk of premature CVD mortality in these vulnerable populations.
Fumigaclavine C ameliorates liver steatosis by attenuating hepatic de novo lipogenesis via modulation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Wanguo , Gao Yaxin , Zhao Zaoya , Long Xiufeng , Yi Yi , Ai Shuo
Published: August 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been well defined as a common chronic liver metabolism disorder. Statins as a first-line therapeutic treatment had some side effects. Here, we found that Fumigaclavine C (FC) was collected from endophytic Aspergillus terreus via the root of Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae), had potential anti-adipogenic and hepatoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo without obvious adverse side effects. However, the mechanisms of the prevention and management of FC for hepatic steatosis are incompletely delineated.

Methods

The pharmacodynamic effects of FC were measured in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Liver index and blood biochemical were examined. Histopathological examination in the liver was performed by hematoxylin & eosin or oil red O. The levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, FFA, T-bili, ALT, AST, creatinine, and creatine kinase were estimated via diagnostic assay kits. The levels of hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes were detected via qRT-PCR. The expression levels of hepatic de novo lipogenesis were quantitated with Western blot analysis. 

Results

FC-treatment markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice. FC significantly attenuated the hepatic lipid metabolism and ameliorated liver injury without obvious adverse side effects. Moreover, FC also could dose-dependently modulate the expressions of lipid metabolism-related transcription genes. Mechanically, FC notably suppressed sterol response element binding protein-1c mediated de novo lipogenesis via interfering with the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway by decreasing the levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate.

Conclusions

These findings suggested that FC could improve hepatic steatosis through inhibiting de novo lipogenesis via modulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.