bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital education: cultural aspects of communication in the modern educational environment
Authors: Zilberova Inna , Alyaeva Marina , Shuraeva Fotina , Petrov Konstantin
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of modern approaches to the concepts of “information and educational environment” and “digital educational environment”, in which modern students -future bachelors-develop competencies in the field of intercultural communication. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the features of professional training, as well as the requirements for future specialists. The problems of modern digital education closely follow from the problems of verbal interaction of communicants in the educational environment. The considered issues of updating the needs for an educational product cannot be separated from the realization of the possibilities of didactic and methodological support for digital education, which is realized in the communicative interaction of a student and a teacher. The authors conducted a number of experimental studies in the field of studying the needs of students in educational services and the opportunities for teachers to effectively realize their educational potential. The authors offer recommendations for improving educational technologies in the context of digitalization, improving the technical and communicative literacy of teachers, conducting trainings and trainings aimed at increasing the stress tolerance of teachers, providing them with comfortable working conditions in remote mode, modernizing the system of technical regulation in the process of providing educational activities, conducting explanatory work with students, motivating them to contact work in remote access, improving the culture of group and interpersonal communication
Activity of different life spheres and environmental security of students
Authors: Vasyura Svetlana , Nikitina Olga
Published: June 2021

Rapidly developing information technologies bring to crucial changes in different areas of student life activities - learning, communications, leisure – and have an impact on individuals’ activities. Empirical research aims to identify connections of activity and ontological security in communications, knowledge, learning, experiences, reflection. The assumption, that activity in communications and activity in learning have closer links with ontological security than activity in other areas of life, is put forward as a hypothesis. Theoretical basis of the research creates A.A. Volochkov’s concept of activity of an individual (subject), N.V. Kopteva’s theoretical construct of ontological security. The research involves 97 students of medical college at the age of 17-21. The empirical research applied the following methods: methods of “Diagnostics of activity of students” DAS-2 (A.Yu. Popov, A.A. Volochkov); questionary of ontological security (OS-PM); method of ontological security built up on the principle of semantic differential (OS-SD) (N.V. Kopteva). As a result of empirical research, it was stated that broad-spectrum activity of students is implemented and developed in connection with one of the basic grounds of human – ontological security. Out of three model components of activity structure: need in interaction - volitional regulation of interactions - satisfaction with interactions, the first two components are stronger connected with ontological security that the third component. Out of the life spheres where the activity is found, activity in communication and activity in learning have closer connections with ontological security that any other areas of life.
The use of innovative technologies to enhance the cognitive activity of students
Authors: Morozova Yanina , Rozhnenko Oksana
Published: June 2021

The modern educational system has a peculiarity: acting as a user, it simultaneously stimulates the development of information and digital technologies. This characteristic is especially come out in the higher education system. At the same time, despite the objective and subjective attractiveness of modern information and digital technologies, it is necessary to realize that their adaptation is, although effective, but still an auxiliary tool in the organization and implementation of the educational process. The introduction of information technologies into the educational process makes it possible to significantly enrich the process of transferring knowledge from teacher to student, to facilitate understanding of complex topics, to level the repetitive monotony in the classroom, to increase the motivation of educational activities, to intensify the activities of students in the classroom, to form a conscious attitude to the educational process, etc. At the same time, the use of information and digital technologies should be justified, logically expedient, designed to complement (and not replace) the teacher's activities in the classroom.
Information video analytics system for the prevention of physical inactivity in students
Authors: Egorochkina I.O. , Tsygankova E.S. , Shlyakhova E.A. , Serebryanaya I.A. , Serebryanaya D.S.
Published: June 2021

The project “SportTrainer” is presented -an information system of video analytics and personal recommendations for the prevention of hypo-dynamics and increasing the effectiveness of personal training of students who want to achieve a certain sports result and improve their figure. The developed system “SportTrainer” realizes consulting on training programs, nutrition, provides control over the implementation of the selected programs and the achievement of goals. A digital trainer can suggest how effective the selected program is for a particular individual, selects the necessary exercises, make adjustments to the training program and diet, simulate and visualize progress. In the research work, modern technologies of video analytics, computer vision, machine learning and video streaming were used, which allow real-time processing of a video stream, analysis and pattern recognition, and fully automate the process of personal training at home. The implementation of the developed activities of the “SportTrainer” project was carried out in three control groups, represented by bachelors, masters and teachers. Statistical processing of basic indicators and results achieved in the process of testing the “SportTrainer” system has been carried out. The presented statistical data confirm the effectiveness of the program within the control training groups. The developed system is applicable to a wide range of the population, effective in conditions of social distancing due to a pandemic situation, since it improves conditions for home, including professional sports. In the future, a sharp increase in their share is expected in comparison with traditional training techniques.
Innovations in civil engineering education at the interdisciplinary and production basis
Authors: Shlyakhova Elena , Serebryanaya Irina , Egorochkina Inna , Matrosov Andrey , Serdyukova A.V.
Published: June 2021

Article is devoted to the problem of modernization of engineering education in modern economic conditions. This is necessary to provide qualified personnel for the construction industry. The authors considered innovative approaches to the organization of the educational process. They are based on interdisciplinary links of training of engineering and construction contingent in technical universities. And also on the introduction of digitalization in the teaching of disciplines of a natural science profile. We discussed the combination of traditional forms of training with production activities at existing enterprises of the industry. The work justified the relevance of modernization of engineering education, analysed factors that justify its need and ways to achieve the objectives. Studies have been carried out to assess the effectiveness of combining educational processes at the university with production activities at existing enterprises in Rostov-on-Don. To combine training and production processes in the training of qualified civil engineering personnel the structural division of the enterprise was allocated -the construction laboratory. The laboratory fully meets the tasks set by functional characteristics. Special working conditions of factory laboratories at small and medium-sized enterprises were noted. This is due to the difficult modern economic conditions. The main requirements for the personnel composition of factory laboratories of the new formation have been determined. These include depth and versatility of knowledge, non-standard thinking, flexibility in decision-making, interchangeability, readiness to improve knowledge and professional skills. The practical results of the experience of four years of combining innovative modernization of the training process of civil engineering personnel with production activities are presented. At the existing enterprises of the construction industry in Rostov-on-Don. The results confirm the high effectiveness of the proposed events.
Economic texts: the cognitive aspects of translation
Authors: Krasnova Evgenia
Published: June 2021

The paper explores economic texts from the translation process point of view. The study was carried out on the textual level, within the terminology in particular. The author holds the view that the formation of economic terminology is based on cognitive aspects of the language. In accordance with this view economic terms were evaluated in respect to the strategies of their borrowing into the language. Also classification of English economic terms is given. The results show that the ways of translating economic terminology are included both in the terminological base of the economic field of knowledge, and belong to other terminologies, and even represent non-terminological systems. The author conclude that complex untranslated unambiguous terms occur with the same frequency as simple ones. Thus, adequate translation of economic texts from English into Russian requires knowledge not only of the terminological systems but also of the cognitive apparatus of economic science.
Translating business cultures: anglicisms in German discourse
Authors: Rudenko Elena , Gadzhieva Nargilya , Agasieva Ira
Published: June 2021

The paper explores assimilation strategies employed to integrate anglicisms into German written business discourse. The study was carried out on the textual level, which gives valuable insight into the rules and norms governing business communication and thus contributes to a better understanding of written conventions deemed appropriate within business discourse communities. The authors hold the view that assimilation problem can be treated as translation problem. In accordance with this view anglicisms were evaluated in respect to the strategies of foreignisation and neutralization understood as different degrees of assimilation. The results show that neutralizing strategy aimed at mixing borrowed and native language units outweighs quantitatively the foreignising strategy, which indicates the overall trend towards a balanced approach to the incorporation of anglicisms. The authors conclude that assimilation strategies applied to anglicisms should be consistent with the purposes and objectives of professional communication. Thus developing adequate assimilation strategies ensures optimal transmission of ideas and improves text coherence.
Digital technologies in foreign language learning
Authors: Baryshnikova Olga , Kostenko Alexander , Voskoboynikov Stanislav
Published: June 2021

This article will examine the digitalization of education, its effectiveness, pros and cons. In addition, digital technologies will be able to affect the performance and motivation of students. Possible educational potential of digital technologies in teaching of foreign languages, recommendations on methods for integrating digital technologies into the educational process for work and independent work organizing of students and pupils are some of their advantages. Digital education offers new learning opportunities as student engagement in an interactive digital environment and educators use hybrid personalized learning courses, innovative, engaging learnng strategies. Looking at student success in the modern conditions they are required to be not only thoughtful digital content users, but also effective digital media creators are able to collaborate their skills and share ideas through dynamic storytelling, data visualization. The article describes the works by both Russian and foreign authors devoted to the advantages and some risks arising in society as a result of the digitalization in education. Advantages and disadvantages of digital education are clearly have been shown in the article. As the latest and most advanced technology is very expensive, at presents digitalization has both defenders and opponents of this phenomenon. It remembers about tremendous expenses on the newest digital tools and software. The final idea of this article is to create a flexible learning environment that encourages innovation.
The formation of a multicultural space as a real necessity of modern education
Authors: Demchenko Valentina , Egorova Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a model of the multicultural space of the university. The objectives of the research are to analyze the multicultural approach to education, its principles, methods, technologies and advantages for creating a safe educational space in the conditions of a modern intercultural society. The formation of a multicultural space in the university allows us to determine the main tasks and guidelines of the educational process, including: the socio-cultural approach to the organization of multicultural education; the priority of the relationship between language and culture; maximum personal development with a wide range of foreign language competencies. The research methodology is based on ethnographic, cross-cultural and semiotic methods of studying cultural systems and cross-cultural situations. As a result of the research, the principles, methods, and innovative pedagogical technologies of implementing the educational process in the conditions of intercultural interaction between students and university teachers are described and classified. The study presents a descriptive model of the multicultural space of the Russian university.
Problems of CIT application in distant foreign language and professional communication teaching
Authors: Koshel Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The article examines higher education at the stage of transformational processes of transition to the global educational space. The importance of the discipline of a foreign language, as a means of intercultural, scientific and academic interaction in a given space is emphasized. The issues of the introduction of information and communication technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language are considered. The main regulatory documents in this area are considered. The definition of information and communication technologies as applied to the process of teaching a foreign language is given. Educational online platforms for teaching professional communication in a foreign language have been analyzed. The importance of interaction between the university and secondary school in the formation of a consistent trajectory of teaching a foreign language and professional communication in a foreign language is emphasized. Problems on the way of digitalization of the educational process are identified and solutions are proposed.
Development and research of centrifugal mixer for baby food
Authors: Sukhorukov Dmitrii , Borodulin Dmitrii , Cherkashina Diana
Published: June 2021

The study was carried out on two mixers of different designs: basic and developed. To evaluate and analyze the finished mixture, the method of high performance liquid chromatography was used. Taurine was used as a key component. The paper describes how the rational parameters of the mixer were selected, according to which recipes the mixture was prepared, and also how the final assessment of the effectiveness of the mixing equipment was carried out. The mixtures were prepared on the equipment according to three recipes. According to the first recipe, 81 experiments were carried out, with various parameters of the mixer operation, which helped to determine their rational value. For two different mixers, they turned out to be identical, so further mixing took place with the same parameters. Based on the data obtained, graphs of dependences were built, which clearly demonstrated the difference in the obtained values of the coefficient of heterogeneity. And they made it possible to judge the influence of each individual parameter. The developed mixer design showed a lower coefficient of heterogeneity in comparison with the base one. It did not exceed 10%, unlike the latter.
Influence of torch oscillation on the microstructure of Colmonoy 6 overlay deposition on SS304 substrate with PTA welding process
Authors: Kalyankar Vivek , Bhoskar Avishkar
Published: June 2021

Colmonoy 6 alloy has been regarded as an efficient overlay material for various grades of substrate materials. The PTAW process has been emerged as a very useful process to deposit such materials effectively. Torch oscillation may become an efficient PTAW parameter to achieve a desired microstructure due to its significant advantage over liner torch movement due to a faster cooling of the weld pool. Proposed work aims to analyse the influence of torch oscillation on the microstructure of Colmonoy 6 overlay surface on SS304 substrate. The structure of the surface deposited with PTAW torch oscillation shows increase in the Cr concentration in δ-Cr7C3, θ-(Cr, Fe)7C3and μ-Cr23C7phases upon characterization by SEM with EDS and XRD. This decreases the solidification temperature of Ni-based soft matrix which provides a higher hardness of the coating. These outcomes can also come handy for other grades of materials to control their metallurgical characteristics effectively.
Timing of the solar wind propagation delay between L1 and Earth based on machine learning
Authors: Baumann Carsten , McCloskey Aoife E.
Published: June 2021

Erroneous GNSS positioning, failures in spacecraft operations and power outages due to geomagnetically induced currents are severe threats originating from space weather. Knowing the potential impacts on modern society in advance is key for many end-user applications. This covers not only the timing of severe geomagnetic storms but also predictions of substorm onsets at polar latitudes. In this study, we aim at contributing to the timing problem of space weather impacts and propose a new method to predict the solar wind propagation delay between Lagrangian point L1 and the Earth based on machine learning, specifically decision tree models. The propagation delay is measured from the identification of interplanetary discontinuities detected by the advanced composition explorer (ACE) and their subsequent sudden commencements in the magnetosphere recorded by ground-based magnetometers. A database of the propagation delay has been constructed on this principle including 380 interplanetary shocks with data ranging from 1998 to 2018. The feature set of the machine learning approach consists of six features, namely the three components of each the solar wind speed and position of ACE around L1. The performance assessment of the machine learning model is examined based on of 10-fold cross-validation. The machine learning results are compared to physics-based models, i.e., the flat propagation delay and the more sophisticated method based on the normal vector of solar wind discontinuities (vector delay). After hyperparameter optimization, the trained gradient boosting (GB) model is the best machine learning model among the tested ones. The GB model achieves an RMSE of 4.5 min concerning the measured solar wind propagation delay and also outperforms the physical flat and vector delay models by 50% and 15% respectively. To increase the confidence in the predictions of the trained GB model, we perform a performance validation, provide drop-column feature importance and analyze the feature impact on the model output with Shapley values. The major advantage of the machine learning approach is its simplicity when it comes to its application. After training, values for the solar wind speed and spacecraft position from only one datapoint have to be fed into the algorithm for a good prediction.
Versorgung von Arbeitsunfällen
Authors: Pelz Sabrina
Published: June 2021

Beim Säubern eines Scheunendachs stürzt der Dachdecker Herr B. aus 12 m Höhe. Die alarmierten Rettungskräfte stabilisieren den Verunfallten zunächst vor Ort und transportieren ihn dann in ein Krankenhaus. Der Notarzt diagnostiziert ein Polytrauma mit Schädel-Hirn-Trauma, Becken- und Abdominaltrauma. Da Herr B. während seiner Arbeit verunfallt ist, hat er durch die gesetzliche Unfallversicherung Anspruch auf eine qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung und Rehabilitation. Welche Anforderungen Krankenhäuser erfüllen müssen, die beruflich verunfallte Patienten versorgen, erläutert unsere Autorin.
Chirurgische Nadeln: Eigenschaften und Handhabung
Authors: Schütze Isabell
Published: June 2021

Es gibt sie in fast allen Formen und Größen, mit spezifischen Eigenschaften für jede OP: chirurgische Nadeln. Wir geben einen Überblick über die hochspezialisierten modernen Nadeln, ihre Merkmale und Anwendungsgebiete. Außerdem erläutern wir, wie Sie sich vor Nadelstichverletzungen schützen können.
Chronische Kupferüberversorgung als mögliches Bestandsproblem in einer deutschen Milchviehherde
Authors: Weber Jim , Roder Andrea , Müller Anja E. , Pieper Robert , Staufenbiel Rudolf
Published: June 2021

Chronische Überversorgungen oder Intoxikationen mit Kupfer (Cu) treten beim Rind seltener auf als beim Schaf. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt eine chronisch erhöhte Cu-Exposition durch übermäßige Supplementierung von Mineralfutter als Bestandsproblem in einer Deutsche-Holstein-Herde. Zur Diagnostik auf Bestandsebene wurden bei jeweils 10 Tieren aus der Vorbereiter- (VB) und Hochleistungsgruppe (HL) Blut- und Harnproben gewonnen. Die klinisch-chemische Untersuchung dieser Proben zeigte lediglich leicht erhöhte Leberenzymaktivitäten bei HL-Kühen. Die Analyse der totalen Mischration (TMR) beider Gruppen ergab eine starke Übersupplementation von Cu, Zink (Zn), Kobalt (Co) und Selen (Se). Die Untersuchung des Cu-Gehalts von Harn, Kot, pigmentiertem Haar und die Bestimmung der Coeruloplasmin-Aktivität im Plasma ergab erhöhte Cu-Gehalte im Kot von HL- und VB-Tieren sowie eine Coeruloplasmin-Aktivität im Referenzbereich. In Leberbioptaten von HL-Kühen waren erhöhte bzw. am oberen Grenzwert liegende Gehalte für Cu und Co bzw. Se, Zn und Mangan im Lebergewebe der HL nachweisbar. Dagegen wiesen die Lebergewebsproben von Färsen, die ein Jungrinder-Mineralstoffgemisch gemäß Herstellerempfehlung erhielten, physiologische Spurenelementgehalte auf. Dieser Bericht zeigt, dass sich durch Kot- und TMR-Analyse zuverlässige Aussagen zur Cu-Versorgung treffen lassen, während Blut, Harn und Haar keine geeigneten Untersuchungsmedien darstellen. Zur sicheren Diagnosestellung einer Cu-Überversorgung ist die auch in der buiatrischen Praxis durchführbare Leberbiopsie notwendig.
Prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among gastroenterological patients: a HbA1c-based single center experience – Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterological patients
Authors: Fründt Thorben , Schröder Niko , Hölzemer Angelique , Pinnschmidt Hans , de Heer Jocelyn , Behrends Berit C. , Renne Thomas , Lautenbach Anne , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schrader Jörg
Published: June 2021

Background Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for microvascular disease, leading to chronic kidney injury or cardiovascular disease, but there is a tremendous proportion of patients worldwide who suffer from undiagnosed diabetes. Until now, little is known about the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterology inpatients.

Objective To improve detection of undiagnosed diabetes, a routine screening procedure for gastroenterology inpatients, based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measurement, was established.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the implemented diabetes screening. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the guideline of the German Diabetes Association in patients with an HbA1c of ≥6.5% anld/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes.

Results Within a 3-month period, 606 patients were eligible for a diabetes screening. Pre-existing diabetes was documented in 120 patients (19.8 %), undiagnosed diabetes was found in 24 (3.9%), and 162 patients (26.7%) met the definition for prediabetes. Steroid medication use, age, and liver cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were identified as risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes.

Conclusion The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in gastroenterology inpatients is markedly elevated in comparison to the general population, and a substantial number of inpatients are in a prediabetic status, underlining the need for diabetes screening. In addition to previously described risk factors of patient age and steroid medication use, we identified PSC-related liver cirrhosis (but not liver cirrhosis due to another etiology) as an independent risk factor for undiagnosed diabetes.
An individually adjusted endurance test reveals differences in physical fitness between young and old Beagles
Authors: Willen Maray , Lorke Malin , Wefstaedt Patrick , Lucas Karin , Nolte Ingo
Published: June 2021

Objective Aim was to establish an individually adapted endurance test for dogs on a treadmill, which takes the individual‘s physical condition into account. To check the applicability of the test, two age groups of clinically healthy beagles were examined.

Methods A total of 10 clinically healthy Beagles were enrolled and divided in a younger (1–3 years, n = 5) and older group (> 8 years, n = 5). The individual comfort gait speed of each dog was determined on a treadmill with integrated force plates. A maximal time of 20 minutes at trot was set for the endurance test. The test was terminated prematurely if the dog showed signs of fatigue (massive panting, unwillingness to move further). Blood samples were taken at general examination (G), prior to (B) and post exercise (P) for determination of lactate level (LL), oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pO2, pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3 –), base excess (BE) and pH. On each occasion (G, B, P) heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded. Additionally, vertical ground reaction forces (Fz) were analysed.

Results The older dogs (age: 10.4 ± 0.89 years) completed the test with less speed and duration compared to the younger dogs (age: 2.4 ± 0.89 years), which managed to complete the maximum time. Lactate levels in the older dogs were higher than in the younger dogs at all timepoints of examination. Contrary to the younger dogs, there was no significant increase in the heart rate of the older dogs. Ground reaction forces were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion and clinical relevance Whereas standardised endurance tests allow for the comparison of fitness levels between dogs, an individually adjusted endurance test aims at objectively determining the physical fitness of the single dog taking into account its individual performance. Such a test allows to examine the individual performance development over time and to evaluate medicinal therapies or dietary measures, e. g. in aging dogs. HR, RR, LL, blood gases (pCO2, pO2) and acid-base metabolism (HCO3 –, BE, pH) were found to be appropriate parameters for determining the physical capacity of the dogs during endurance tests as these parameters change under physical stress and are indicative for the onset of fatigue.
Prognostic Value of Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Models in Patients with Severe COVID-19
Authors: Paz Rios Luis H. , Minga Iva , Kwak Esther , Najib Ayman , Aller Ashley , Lees Elizabeth , Macrinici Victor , Rezaei Bookani Kaveh , Pursnani Amit , Caprini Joseph , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Tafur Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Introduction Severe novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes dysregulation of the coagulation system with arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We hypothesize that validated VTE risk scores would have prognostic ability in this population.

Methods Retrospective observational cohort with severe COVID-19 performed in NorthShore University Health System. Patients were >18 years of age and met criteria for inpatient or intensive care unit (ICU) care. The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) and Caprini scores were calculated and patients were stratified.

Results This study includes 184 patients, mostly men (63.6%), Caucasian (54.3%), 63 years old (interquartile range [IQR]: 24–101), and 57.1% of them required ICU care. Twenty-seven (14.7%) thrombotic events occurred: 12 (6.5%) cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 9 (4.9%) of pulmonary embolism, 5 (2.7%) of deep vein thrombosis, and 1 (0.5%) stroke. Among them, 86 patients (46.7%) died, 95 (51.6%) were discharged, and 3 (1.6%) were still hospitalized. “Moderate risk for VTE” and “High risk for VTE” by IMPROVE score had significant mortality association: (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.93–11.03; p < 0.001) and (HR = 6.22; 95% CI: 3.04–12.71; p < 0.001), respectively, with 87% sensitivity and 63% specificity (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.752, p < 0.001). “High Risk for VTE” by Caprini score had significant mortality association (HR = 17.6; 95% CI: 5.56–55.96; p < 0.001) with 96% sensitivity and 55% specificity (AUC = 0.843, p < 0.001). Both scores were associated with thrombotic events when classified as “High risk for VTE” by IMPROVE (HR = 6.50; 95% CI: 2.72–15.53; p < 0.001) and Caprini scores (HR = 11.507; 95% CI: 2.697–49.104; p = 0.001).

Conclusion The IMPROVE and Caprini risk scores were independent predictors of mortality and thrombotic events in severe COVID-19. With larger validation, this can be useful prognostic information.
Performance stability evaluation of atlas-based machine learning radiation therapy treatment planning in prostate cancer
Authors: Conroy Leigh , Khalifa Aly , Berlin Alejandro , McIntosh Chris , Purdie Thomas G
Published: June 2021

Atlas-based machine learning (ML) for radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning is effective at tailoring dose distributions to account for unique patient anatomies by selecting the most appropriate patients from the training database (atlases) to inform dose prediction for new patients. However, variations in clinical practice between the training dataset and a new patient to be planned may impact ML performance by confounding atlas selection. In this study, we simulated various contouring practices in prostate cancer RT to investigate the impact of changing input data on atlas-based ML treatment planning. We generated 225 ML plans for nine bespoke contouring protocol scenarios (reduced target margins, modified organ-at-risk (OAR) definitions, and inclusion of optional OARs less represented in the training database) on 25 patient datasets by applying a single, previously trained and validated ML model for prostate cancer followed by dose mimicking to create a final deliverable plan. ML treatment plans for each scenario were compared to base ML treatment plans that followed a contouring protocol consistent with the model training data. ML performance was evaluated based on atlas distance metrics that are calculated during ML dose prediction. There were significant changes between atlases selected for the base ML treatment plans and treatment plans when planning target volume margins were reduced and/or optional OARs were included. The deliverability of ML predicted dose distributions based on gamma analysis between predicted and mimicked final deliverable dose showed significant differences for seven out of eight scenarios compared with the base ML treatment plans. Overall, there were small but statistically significant dosimetric changes in predicted and mimicked dose with addition of optional OAR contours. This work presents a framework for benchmarking and performance monitoring of ML treatment planning algorithms in the context of evolving clinical practices.
The improved inverted AlGaAs/GaAs interface: its relevance for high-mobility quantum wells and hybrid systems
Authors: Külah E , Reichl C , Scharnetzky J , Alt L , Dietsche W , Wegscheider W
Published: June 2021

Two dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) realized at GaAs/AlGaAs single interfaces by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) reach mobilities of about 15 million cm2 V s−1 if the AlGaAs alloy is grown after the GaAs. Surprisingly, the mobilities may drop to a few millions for the identical but inverted AlGaAs/GaAs interface, i.e. reversed layering. Here we report on a series of inverted heterostructures with varying growth parameters including temperature, doping, and composition. Minimizing the segregation of both dopants and background impurities leads to mobilities of 13 million cm2 V s−1 for inverted structures. The dependence of the mobility on electron density tuned by a gate or by illumination is found to be the identical if no doping layers exist between the 2DEG and the respective gate. Otherwise, it differs significantly compared to normal interface structures. Reducing the distance of the 2DEG to the surface down to 50 nm requires an additional doping layer between 2DEG and surface in order to compensate for the surface-Schottky barrier. The suitability of such shallow inverted structures for future semiconductor-superconductor hybrid systems is discussed. Lastly, our understanding of the improved inverted interface enables us to produce optimized double-sided doped quantum wells exhibiting an electron mobility of 40 million cm2 V s−1 at 1 K.
Filtered pseudo-scalar dark matter and gravitational waves from first order phase transition
Authors: Chao Wei , Li Xiu-Fei , Wang Lei
Published: June 2021

If dark matter (DM) acquires mass during a first order phase transition, there will be a filtering-out effect when DM enters the expanding bubble. In this paper we study the filtering-out effect for a pseudo-scalar DM, whose mass may partially come from a first order phase transition in the hidden sector. We calculate the ratio of DM that may enter the bubble for various bubble wall velocities as well as various status of DM (in the thermal equilibrium, or out of the thermal equilibrium) at the time of phase transition, which results in small penetration rate that may affect the final relic abundance of the DM. We further study the stochastic gravitational wave signals emitted by the hidden sector phase transition at the space-based interferometer experiments as the smoking-gun of this model.
Constructing supported Ag antibacterial nano-agent with high activity and stability for broad-spectrum antibiosis
Authors: Xue Haibin , Gao Xuewei , Feng Xiangnan , He Shan , Zhao Feifei , Zhang Guiju , Wang Xinrui , Luo Xiaobo , Guan Shanyue
Published: June 2021

The developing a green and facile synthetic approach of Ag-based antibacterial nanomaterials with controlled composition, size, and shape, to acquire high antibacterial activity and long-term durability, is of vital importance and remains a challenging goal. Herein, a novel LDHs-supported Ag antibacterial nanomaterial (Ag/CoAl-LDHs) are fabricated via an in situ deposition of the Ag nanoparticles onto the CoAl-LDHs surface. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) measurements confirm that the uniform Ag nanoparticles (the average particle size of 16.5 nm) are highly dispersed and firmly anchored onto CoAl-LDHs surface. As revealed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the CoAl-LDHs nanoplates play the roles of both a support and a reductant without any external, and there was a redox reaction between Co2+ in LDHs layers and Ag+ in AgNO3 solution, giving rise to in situ loading of Ag nanoparticles onto LDHs. Moreover, antibacterial experiments verify that Ag/CoAl-LDHs not only have efficient antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but also exhibit very stable antibacterial properties for both bacteria. Therefore, this research demonstrates a successful paradigm for the rational design and preparation of new antibacterial nanomaterials with high antibacterial activity and long-term durability.
A review of sperm storage methods and post-copulatory sexual selection in the Cephalopoda
Authors: Sato Noriyosi
Published: June 2021

In many animal phyla, females have a unique sperm storage organ (SSO). Post-copulatory sexual selection is a powerful driving force of SSO evolution. SSOs are generally considered to have evolved through sexual antagonistic coevolution between male genitalia and the SSO and/or cryptic female choice (CFC). In cephalopods, sperm transfer and fertilization are conducted through complex processes, and sperm storage methods show inter-species variation. In some species, males implant spermatangia superficially under the female skin, and then sperm released from the spermatangia are transferred into a seminal receptacle (SR). Deep-sea cephalopods, which lack a SR, have instead evolved a deep-implanting method by which the spermatangium is embedded deep in the musculature of the mantle wall of the female. In some species, the female stores whole spermatangia within a spermatangium pocket. Because the males of most species do not insert an intromittent organ into the female when transferring sperm, SSO evolution may have been influenced by CFC alone. This review summarizes the sperm storage methods and the mechanisms of post-copulatory sexual selection in cephalopods and it is proposed that these diverse methods evolved as adaptive mechanisms through post-copulatory sexual selection.
Automated conversational agents for post-intervention follow-up: a systematic review
Authors: Geoghegan L , Scarborough A , Wormald J C R , Harrison C J , Collins D , Gardiner M , Bruce J , Rodrigues J N
Published: June 2021

Background

Advances in natural language processing and other machine learning techniques have led to the development of automated agents (chatbots) that mimic human conversation. These systems have mainly been used in commercial settings, and within medicine, for symptom checking and psychotherapy. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the acceptability and implementation success of chatbots in the follow-up of patients who have undergone a physical healthcare intervention.

Methods

A systematic review of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-process, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL and the grey literature using a PRISMA-compliant methodology up to September 2020 was conducted. Abstract screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Risk of bias and quality assessments were performed for each study.

Results

The search identified 904 studies of which 10 met full inclusion criteria: three randomised control trials, one non-randomised clinical trial and six cohort studies. Chatbots were used for monitoring after the management of cancer, hypertension and asthma, orthopaedic intervention, ureteroscopy and intervention for varicose veins. All chatbots were deployed on mobile devices. A number of metrics were identified and ranged from a 31 per cent chatbot engagement rate to a 97 per cent response rate for system-generated questions. No study examined patient safety.

Conclusion

A range of chatbot builds and uses was identified. Further investigation of acceptability, efficacy and mechanistic evaluation in outpatient care pathways may lend support to implementation in routine clinical care.
The Orphan GPCR Receptor, GPR88, Interacts with Nuclear Protein Partners in the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Rebeillard Florian , De Gois Stéphanie , Pietrancosta Nicolas , Mai Thi Hue , Lai-Kuen René , Kieffer Brigitte L , Giros Bruno , Massart Renaud , Darmon Michèle , Diaz Jorge
Published: June 2021

GPR88 is an orphan G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN), also found in cortical neurons at low level. In MSN, GPR88 has a canonical GPCR plasma membrane/cytoplasmic expression, whereas in cortical neurons, we previously reported an atypical intranuclear localization. Molecular size analysis suggests that GPR88, expressed in plasma membrane of MSN or in nuclear compartment of cortical neurons, corresponds to the full-length protein. By transfection of cortical neurons, we showed that GPR88 fluorescent chimeras exhibit a nuclear localization. This localization is contingent on the third intracytoplasmic loop and C-terminus domains, even though these domains do not contain any known nuclear localization signals (NLS). Using yeast two-hybrid screening with these domains, we identified the nuclear proteins ATRX, TOP2B, and BAZ2B, all involved in chromatin remodeling, as potential protein partners of GPR88. We also validated the interaction of GPR88 with these nuclear proteins by proximity ligation assay on cortical neurons in culture and coimmunoprecipitation experiments on cortical extracts from GPR88 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. The identification of GPR88 subcellular partners may provide novel functional insights for nonclassical modes of GPCR action that could be relevant in the maturating process of neocortical neurons.
Shifts in Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity from Adolescence to Adulthood
Authors: Loh Maxine K , Rosenkranz J Amiel
Published: June 2021

Adolescents are characterized by a propensity for risky and impulsive behaviors, likely due to immature frontostriatal circuits. The medial orbitofrontal cortex (MO) is linked to risk and reward prediction during decision-making. Identifying age-dependent differences in MO activity and its inputs to downstream regions can elucidate the neural substrates that permit the transition from high-risk adolescent behaviors to increased risk assessment in adulthood. Action selection biased by information gathered by the MO is likely carried out by efferents into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which guides reward-directed behaviors. Despite the large age dependency of risk-based decision-making, there is nothing known about adolescent MO activity. Here, we recorded action potentials of MO neurons from anesthetized adult and adolescent rats in vivo. On average, adolescent MO neurons fire faster and within narrower ranges than adults, and adolescents have more active MO neurons than adults. Using antidromic stimulation of axon terminals to identify MO neurons that project to NAc (MO→NAc), we found that adolescent MO→NAc neurons have a narrower range of firing frequencies than non-NAc-projecting MO neurons and adult MO→NAc neurons. These age-dependent differences in MO and MO→NAc populations may result from the fine-tuning of circuits between adolescence and adulthood that promote specific age-dependent behaviors.
Renal diseases secondary to interferon-β treatment: a multicentre clinico-pathological study and systematic literature review
Authors: Dauvergne Maxime , Buob David , Rafat Cédric , Hennino Marie-Flore , Lemoine Mathilde , Audard Vincent , Chauveau Dominique , Ribes David , Cornec-Le Gall Emilie , Daugas Eric , Pillebout Evangéline , Vuiblet Vincent , Boffa Jean-Jacques ,   French Nephropathology Group, Brocheriou Isabelle , Buob David , Daniel Laurent , Doucet Laurent , François Arnaud , Gnemmi Viviane , Moktefi Anissa , Vuiblet Vincent
Published: June 2021

Background

The spectrum of interferon-β (IFN-β)-associated nephropathy remains poorly described and the potential features of this uncommon association remain to be determined.

Methods

In this study we retrospectively analysed the clinical, laboratory, histological and therapeutic data of patients with biopsy-proven renal disease in a context of IFN-β treatment administered for at least 6 months.

Results

Eighteen patients (13 women, median age 48 years) with biopsy-proven renal disease occurring during IFN-β therapy were included. The median exposure to IFN-β (14 patients were treated with IFN-β1a and 4 patients with IFN-β1b) was 67 months (range 23–165 months). The clinical presentation consists in hypertension (HT; 83%), malignant HT (44%), proteinuria (protU) >1 g/g (94%), reduced renal function (78%), biological hallmark suggesting thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA; 61%), oedematous syndrome (17%) or nephritic syndrome (11%). The pathological findings included typical features of isolated TMAs in 11 cases, isolated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) lesions in 2 cases and 5 cases with concomitant TMA and FSGS lesions. An exploration of the alternative complement pathway performed in 10 cases (63%) did not identify mutations in genes that regulate the complement system. The statistical analysis highlighted that the occurrence of IFN-β-associated TMA was significantly associated with Rebif, with a weekly dose >50 µg and with multiple weekly injections. In all cases, IFN-β therapy was discontinued. Patients with TMA lesions received other therapies, including corticosteroids (44%), eculizumab (13%) and plasma exchanges (25%). At the end of a 36-month median follow-up, persistent HT and persistent protU were observed in 61% and 22% of patients, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was present in 61% of patients.

Conclusions

IFN-β-associated nephropathy must be sought in the case of HT and/or protU onset during treatment. When TMA and/or FSGS are observed on renal biopsy, early discontinuation of IFN-β is essential.
Murine models of clonal haematopoiesis to assess mechanisms of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wang Ying , Sano Soichi , Ogawa Hayato , Horitani Keita , Evans Megan A , Yura Yoshimitsu , Miura-Yura Emiri , Doviak Heather , Walsh Kenneth
Published: June 2021

Clonal haematopoiesis (CH) is a phenomenon whereby somatic mutations confer a fitness advantage to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and thus facilitate their aberrant clonal expansion. These mutations are carried into progeny leucocytes leading to a situation whereby a substantial fraction of an individual’s blood cells originate from the HSPC mutant clone. Although this condition rarely progresses to a haematological malignancy, circulating blood cells bearing the mutation have the potential to affect other organ systems as they infiltrate into tissues under both homeostatic and disease conditions. Epidemiological and clinical studies have revealed that CH is highly prevalent in the elderly and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent experimental studies in murine models have assessed the most commonly mutated ‘driver’ genes associated with CH, and have provided evidence for mechanistic connections between CH and cardiovascular disease. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which specific CH mutations promote disease pathogenesis is of importance, as it could pave the way for individualized therapeutic strategies targeting the pathogenic CH gene mutations in the future. Here, we review the epidemiology of CH and the mechanistic work from studies using murine disease models, with a particular focus on the strengths and limitations of these experimental systems. We intend for this review to help investigators select the most appropriate models to study CH in the setting of cardiovascular disease.