bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissezione coronarica spontanea, quanto conta la familiarità?
Authors: Carfora Vincenzo , Lopizzo Agostino
Published: December 2022

La dissezione coronarica spontanea (SCAD) rappresenta una causa importante di sindrome coronarica acuta (SCA) nelle giovani donne senza classici fattori di rischio cardiovascolare. La coronarografia non sempre riesce a riconoscere le diverse tipologie di dissezioni coronariche spontanee dovendo pertanto ricorrere all’imaging intracoronarico per poterla diagnosticare. Il trattamento prevede l’approccio non invasivo con terapia farmacologica ricorrendo all’angioplastica coronarica solo nelle forme instabili. Viene descritto il caso di una donna di 55 anni, ipertesa in buon controllo farmacologico e senza altri fattori di rischio cardiovascolare che durante angioplastica coronarica su arteria interventricolare anteriore va incontro a dissezione retrograda dell’arteria interventricolare anteriore prossimale e del tronco comune trattata con approccio multistent. La modalità con cui si è verificata la dissezione retrograda, il sesso, l’età della paziente, la rivalutazione dell’angioplastica primaria praticata due mesi prima sull’asse arteria circonflessa-ramo marginale ottuso e l’anamnesi familiare hanno indotto a prendere in considerazione la SCAD come diagnosi più probabile ed il fenomeno dello “squeezing” come causa della dissezione retrograda a seguito della pre-dilatazionedella lesione coronarica. L’imaging intracoronarico sarebbe stata l’unica metodica in grado di diagnosticare la SCAD consentendo quindi di ricorrere all’approccio farmacologico piuttosto che l’angioplastica coronarica.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CRUSH ENERGY ABSORPTION AND STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SANDWICH PLATES WITH ALUMINUM FACESHEET/ EXPANDED POLYPROPYLENE FOAM CORE
Authors: TÜRKOĞLU İbrahim Kürşad
Published: December 2022

Due to the developing electric vehicle industry in the last decade, weight reduction studies on vehicle bodies have gained great importance. Foam core sandwich structures stand out as the most ideal materials in terms of providing both weight reduction and strength conditions in the bodies of electric individual and public transportation vehicles. In this study, EPP foams with two different densities were placed between aluminum plates and sandwich structures were obtained by combining the two structures with an EVA-based adhesive. Compression and bending behaviors of the produced sandwich structures were investigated under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. With the tests carried out, the strength of the sandwich structures and the amount of energy they absorb were calculated and compared experimentally. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the denser D2 foam exhibited approximately 1.4 to 2.05 times more strength than the lower density D1 foam in all tests. In terms of the energy they absorb, the D2 foam absorbs 1.25 to 2.5 times more energy than the other foam. Contrary to this situation, only the dynamic compression test occurred in the tests performed. When the post-damage behavior of the sandwich structures was examined, it was also observed that the D2 foam returned to a very similar dimensions to its original size, giving more of the deformation after the damage at the end of 72 hours.
PAMUK LİFLERİNİN KİTOSAN İLE YÜZEY MODİFİKASYONU SONRASI POLİELEKTROLİT POLİ (AKRİLİK ASİDİN SODYUM TUZU) VARLIĞINDA REAKTİF BOYANMASI
Authors: TOPRAK-ÇAVDUR Tuba , ANİŞ Pervin
Published: December 2022

Reaktif boyarmaddeler pamuğun boyanmasında en yaygın kullanılan boyarmaddelerdir. Pamuklu kumaşların reaktif boyanması için yüksek miktarda kullanılan elektrolit kaçınılmaz olarak çevresel tehditler oluşturmaktadır. Kitosan üstün özelliklerinden dolayı tekstilde birçok alanda farklı amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sentetik polielektrolit poli(akrilik asidin sodyum tuzu) reaktif boyamada inorganik elektrolit sodyum klorür yerine kullanımı ve kitosanın kumaşın reaktif boyama davranışı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca kumaşların yıkama haslıkları ve ultraviyole koruma faktörleri de gözlemlenmiştir. Boyamadan önce kitosan ile muamele ve boyamada sodyum klorür kullanımı konvansiyonel boyamalara göre renk derinliklerini arttırmış ve bu artış kitosan konsantrasyonundaki artışla devam etmiştir. Öyle ki, %8 konsantrasyonda kitosan uygulamasını takiben %2 konsantrasyonda yapılan boyamadan, %3 konvansiyonel boyamanın renk kuvvetine benzer değerler elde edilmiştir. Sodyum klorür konsantrasyon artışının renk derinliği üzerindeki etkisi polielektrolitten daha belirgin olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Poli (akrilik asidin sodyum tuzunun) pamuğun reaktif boyamasındaki çalışma prensibinin iyonlaşamaması, sıcaklık-konsantrasyon-pH duyarlılığı ve hidrofobik boya kombinasyonları oluşturması nedeniyle nispeten karmaşık olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca boyarmaddelerin farklı tuz duyarlılıklarının da elektrolitlerin etkisinde farklılık yaratmış olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Kitosan aplike edilen ve boyanan numunelerin yıkama haslıkları iyi-mükemmel seviyede iken, kitosan aplikasyonunda kullanılan çapraz bağlayıcının bu değerleri 0,5 puan kadar artırdığı görülmüştür. Boyarmaddelerin ultraviyole koruma faktörünü arttırmada kitosandan daha etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
DEVELOPING A MOTION MECHANISM FOR A SINGLE MODULE IN A SELF-RECONFIGURABLE MODULAR MICROROBOTICS SYSTEM BY USING EXTERNAL MAGNETIC ACTUATORS
Authors: DOKUYUCU Halil İbrahim , GÜRSEL ÖZMEN Nurhan , CORA Ömer
Published: December 2022

In microrobotics field, self-reconfigurable modular robots (SRMRs) offer several advantages including adaptation to uneven environments, the capability of handling various sets of tasks, and continuous operation in the case of a malfunction of a single module. The current research direction in self-reconfigurable robotic systems is towards reaching million level number of modules working in coherence by means of locomotion, self-reconfiguration, and information flow. This research direction comes with new challenges such as miniaturizing the modules. One should consider looking for alternative ways of locomotion and self-reconfiguration when dealing with SRMRs having million level number of modules. Externally actuating the modules can be a good alternative to micro SRMRs. In this study, we developed a novel motion mechanism for a single module in a micro SRMR system by using external magnetic actuators. An assembly of elastic microtubes and permanent magnets is attached inside a cube-shaped module and periodic motion of the assembly is applied. The motion of a single microtube with permanent magnets inside is generated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results of the simulations are compared with theoretical values to validate the motion mechanism that is introduced in the study.
REEL SİNÜSLERDE AYRIK FOURIER DÖNÜŞÜMÜNÜN ÜÇ ÖRNEĞİNE DAYALI FREKANS KESTİRİMİ
Authors: BAYAZİT Hasan , DİLAVEROĞLU Erdoğan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, frekans kestiriminde kullanılan ve ayrık Fourier dönüşümün üç örneğine dayanan parabolik, Jacobsen, yanlılığı düzeltilmiş Jacobsen ve Quinn kestiricilerinin reel sinyaller üzerindeki davranışları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu kestiricilere alternatif olarak bir sinc fonksiyonu tabanlı frekans kestiricisi önerilmiş ve kestiricinin karesel ortalamalarının karekökü hataları (RMSE) bilgisayar benzetimleri yapılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen sinc tabanlı kestirici, frekans aralığının geniş bir kısmında diğer kestiricilere göre düşük RMSE değerleri verdiği gözlenmiştir.
BURSA ATMOSFERİNDEKİ POLİSİKLİK AROMATİK HİDROKARBON KONSANTRASYONLARI VE MUHTEMEL KAYNAKLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: SARİ Mehmet Ferhat , ESEN Fatma
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada Bursa’da 6 farklı noktada pasif hava örnekleyici kullanarak bir yıl boyunca dış ortam havasındaki PAH’ların konsantrasyon değerleri ve muhtemel kaynaklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. En düşük konsantrasyon değeri arka plan olarak nitelendirilen Keles örnekleme noktasında ölçülmüş iken, en yüksek konsantrasyon değeri Sanayi/Tarım olarak nitelendirilen Hasanağa örnekleme noktasında ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen konsantrasyon değerleri Bursa’da daha önceki yıllarda yapılan çalışmalardan yüksek bulunmuştur. Bunun nedeninin yıllara göre sanayinin ve nüfusun artmasına bağlı olarak atmosferik PAH girdilerinin artması olduğu düşünülmüştür. PAH’ların muhtemel kaynaklarının belirlenmesinde ise literatürde sıklıkla kullanılan yöntem olan moleküler tanı oranlarından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen moleküler tanı oranlarına göre Bursa atmosferindeki PAH’ların en büyük kaynaklarının fosil yakıtların yanması ile trafik olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Bursa’da önceki yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda belirlenen PAH kaynakları ile bu çalışmada belirlenen PAH kaynakları arasında benzerlik bulunmuştur.
Residents’ Perception of Housing Quality Index for Dwellings’ Physical Characteristics in the Core Area of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, Omoniyi Sunday Samuel , Odufuwa Bashir Olufemi ,   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, Uzzi Festus Osarumwense ,   Department of Fine and Applied Art, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
Published: December 2022

This study examines residents’ perception of housing quality index for dwellings’ physical characteristics in the core area Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, South-west Nigeria. A survey of 602 households randomly selected from the core area was done. The results of the study revealed that more than half of the respondents indicated that the present condition of the dwellings components like (roofs, walls, windows, floors, foundations and fascia boards) in the study area was in a very bad state. Subsequently, housing quality index (H.Q.I) for the entire sample was evaluated and the housing quality indexes results were found to be below average (fair) using a five-point Likert scale, starting from very bad (rated as 1), fair (rated as 3) to very good (rated as 5) to calculate the total weighted values of all rated attributes and means values of rated attributes in the study area. Surveyed results have shown significant deterioration in quality of dwellings components in the core area, due to age of buildings and lack of maintenance. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to replace the bad dwellings components, build new structures, provides basic amenities like electricity, pipe-borne water, roads/drainages and to refurbish the existing ones to ensure that the residents do not lack all these amenities.
Air Vent to Solve Plastic Product Defects
Authors:   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Tamri Norjamalullail , Zulkifli Rozli ,   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi
Published: December 2022

The product from plastic has occurred many defects and caused more difficulties to the worker in the injection moulding manufacturing sectors. There are some of few samples of defected plastic product such as shot short, burn mark, flashing, warping, bubbles and et cetera. Air vent is the marking line was designed on the mould. This air vent line has constructed in the centre of the ejector rod. Air vent also invented at the block in the mould or suitable places. This airflow line will occur during, while or after setting up a new mould installation processes. The position and size of the airflow line will determine the analysis of flow rate for raw material. Other factors also counted such as working experience and trial and error concepts. If the injection time is lesser than the from recommended timing (S2 > S1), will cause the gases to emit from melting material will be trapped into the mould. This scenario will occur defects to the products. According to the journal papers, four (4) cases were practically addressed about plastic products defects. All study has presented and addresses cases, many benefits were obtained in terms of time and number of defected products. But this process only can be controlled if the mould maintenance and mould lifespan where repaired. Hence the cost of operation and the number of defected products is significantly decreased as well as increased the number of products.
Condições associadas ao agravamento da COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes: protocolo de revisão de escopo
Authors: Bergantini Larissa Silva , Rossa Roberta , Shibukawa Bianca Machado Cruz , Furtado Marcela Demitto , Vieira Bruna Alves de Jesus , Takemoto Angélica Yukari , Higarashi Ieda Harumi , Ichisato Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Mapear o conhecimento científico disponível sobre as condições associadas ao agravamento do quadro da COVID-19 nas populações infantil e adolescente. Método: Protocolo de scoping review engendrada com base no desenho metodológico do Instituto Joanna Briggs. As bases de dados selecionadas foram: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), LILACS via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), e Google Acadêmico. A busca dos artigos será realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes. A recuperação das referências se dará em três passos, conforme diretrizes preconizadas pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Serão empregados os descritores do Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Para extração dos resultados, utilizar-se-á da ferramenta de mapeamento sugerida pelo referencial adotado. Os resultados serão apresentados de acordo com o checklist do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).
The Duality of Empowerment and Marginalization in Microtask Crowdsourcing: A Replication
Authors: Hadavi Yasamin , Villafranca Eric , Petter Stacie
Published: December 2022

This paper describes an exact replication of a study by Deng, Joshi, & Galliers (2016) of crowd worker values on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing platform. The original study analyzed 210 MTurk crowd workers’ narratives using value sensitive design (VSD). The results uncovered nine shared values: access, autonomy, fairness, transparency, communication, security, accountability, making an impact, and dignity. Further analysis in the original study revealed four crowdsourcing structures: compensation, governance, technology, and microtask, and duality of crowd worker perceptions, empowerment, and marginalization. This replication study also asked Amazon Mechanical Turk crowd workers questions about their work and used the original study’s findings for a priori codes. However, new values and findings emerged in our results, which offers additional implications for further research regarding microtask crowdsourcing.
A Replication Study of the Impact of Impulsivity on Risky Cybersecurity Behaviors
Authors: Aivazpour Zahra , Rao V. Srinivasan
Published: December 2022

Hadlington (2017) conducted a survey using respondents from the United Kingdom (UK) to examine the relationship between the three dimensions of impulsivity and risky cybersecurity behavior. His results showed that risky cybersecurity behavior was positively correlated to attentional impulsivity and motor impulsivity, but was negatively correlated with non-planning impulsivity. He also examined the relationship between internet addiction and attitude towards cybersecurity, and, risky cybersecurity behaviors. Our longer term goal is to conduct research to gain an in-depth understanding of the role of impulsivity in cybersecurity. Towards this end, we conducted a methodological replication of the Hadlington study to determine the generalizability of his results for respondents from a different country, i.e., USA. Our replication confirmed most of the correlations between the variables in Hadlington’s study, though there are some differences that need further examination. We further explored the data in search of meaningful patterns in risky cybersecurity behaviors scale and its relationship with different impulsivity components. Our exploratory analysis suggests a need for a typology of cybersecurity behaviors. Overall, we see a sufficient basis to pursue research on the effects of impulsivity on risky security behaviors.
El concejo de Navia a través del «Censo de Godoy», Oviedo, IFESXVIII / Ediciones Trea (ACESXVIII, 1), 2017
Authors: Sánchez Pascual Pablo
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo pretende contribuir a un mayor conocimiento del llamado Censo de Godoy, uno de los recuentos de población de la etapa pre-estadística más importantes y raros. Por ello, la conservación del expediente y de los cuestionarios originales correspondientes tanto al antiguo concejo de Navia (Asturias) como a sus parroquias otorga a esta documentación un especial valor, cuyo contenido nos permite analizar la estructura demográfica y económico-profesional de este concejo en 1797. Con una población que tiende a estancarse y una economía con unos valores más bien mediocres en manufacturas y servicios, Navia será un ejemplo de la situación de atraso que vive Asturias pues, a pesar de su localización en la fachada marítima del Principado —en general más desarrollada que su interior— y al igual que sucederá en otras partes de España, a finales del Antiguo Régimen se agudiza una crisis afectada por la presión fiscal y el clima bélico del reinado de Carlos IV.
La biblioteca de José Álvarez de Toledo, XI marqués de Villafranca y duque consorte de Alba. Estudio y transcripción, Oviedo, IFESXVIII / Ediciones Trea (ACESXVIII, 3), 2019
Authors: Precioso Izquierdo Francisco , Beltrán Corbalán Domingo
Published: December 2022

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer la edición del catálogo de libros propiedad de José Álvarez de Toledo (1756-1796), XI marqués de Villafranca y duque consorte de Alba: el catálogo de 1796, conservado en el Archivo General de la Fundación Casa Medina Sidonia (leg. 66). Junto a la transcripción, se analiza en detalle el contenido más significativo del fondo bibliográfico del aristócrata, el proceso de formación de la librería, el número y formato de las obras y los temas predominantes entre las 1.650 entradas recogidas en el documento.
Does age modulate the impact of import competition on job type?
Authors: Paz Lourenco
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the effects of the 2000–2012 increase in import competition in the Brazilian economy on the type of manufacturing jobs available to different age groups. These effects are assessed using a multinomial logit model and household survey data that cover formal, informal, and self-employed workers. The empirical estimates indicate that an increase in the Chinese or in the rest of the world import penetrations expand self-employment only among young workers. Larger Chinese imports reduce self-employment for middle-aged workers. In contrast, greater imports from elsewhere increase informality across all age groups, though the magnitude is decreasing in age. These estimates are robust to endogeneity concerns through the use of a control function approach.
Alternative specifications of human capital in production functions
Authors: Orea Luis , Alvarez Antonio
Published: December 2022

In this paper we argue that some empirical specifications may not be appropriate to estimate accurately the returns to human capital. In particular, we show that the inclusion in aggregate production functions of the ratio of skilled labor force over total labor force as a proxy for human capital may not be a good way to control for the heterogeneity of labor.
NF-Y genes in the somatic embryo development
Authors: Potsenkovskaia Elina A. , Tvorogova Varvara E. , Lutova Ludmila A.
Published: December 2022

For many important legumes, protocols for their efficient transformation and regeneration have not yet been developed. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) the embryo development from somatic cells has an important application in biotechnology: reproduction and obtaining of transgenic plants.

There are transcription factors involved in embryogenesis processes, which can stimulate the development of somatic embryos, such as the LEC1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The LEC1 belongs to the NF-YB family. NF-YB together with NF-YA and NF-YC subunits form heterotrimeric complex NF-Y. In plants, each subunit is encoded by several genes, and combinations of different subunits are able to regulate various processes in plant.

We hypothesized that the LEC1 orthologues in legumes can stimulate SE in combination with specific NF-YA and C subunits. The aim of our study was to find new SE regulators among NF-Y genes in legumes.

In the model legume object Medicago truncatula we find NF-Y genes highly expressed during SE. Among these genes, potential LEC1 partners were selected with the use of the yeast two-hybrid system. Analysis of calli with overexpression of LEC1 orthologues didnt demonstrate increased SE capacity, but overexpression of one of the NF-YA genes increased callus weight.

We are planning to investigate the effect of co-overexpression of NF-YA, B and C genes on the regeneration processes.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in accordance with agreement No. 075-15-2022-322 date 22.04.2022 on providing a grant in the form of subsidies from the Federal budget of Russian Federation. The grant was provided for state support for the creation and development of a World-class Scientific Center Agrotechnologies for the Future.
Methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii as Neoleukin producer
Authors: Makeeva Anastasia S. , Shubert Maria A. , Al Shanaa Ousama , Rumyantsev Andrei M.
Published: December 2022

Methylotrophic yeast Komagataella рhaffii (also known as Pichia pastoris) is widely applied in biotechnology for recombinant protein production. K. рhaffii particularly proved to be a successful host system for the synthesis of immunomodulators such as interferons [1].

In this study, we engineered K. рhaffii strains capable of producing the immunomodulatory protein Neoleukin (Neo-2/15). Neo-2/15 is an interleukin-2 mimetic, designed by in silico methods [2]. In preclinical studies on murine cancer models, Neo-2/15 showed superior therapeutic effect to inerleukin-2 with reduced toxicity.

In this work, we show that K. рhaffii can successfully synthesize and secrete Neo-2/15. We have obtained a number of K. phaffii strains, including MutS and Mut+, with different Neo-2/15 expression cassettes integrated into the genome, carrying up to five copies of Neo-2/15 gene. In fact, the higher number of Neo-2/15 gene copies in K. рhaffii genome allowed a higher protein yield.

In this study, we further developed a split marker approach [3] for yeast transformation using two DNA fragments, comprising of the expression cassette and the overlapping fragments of the marker gene. This allowed us to generate MutS strains with two copies using pPICZB vector, which is not originally intended for MutS strain generation.

As a result, we demonstrated that K. phaffii is a perspective producer of Neo-2/15, providing wide opportunities to increase the production of this therapeutic protein.
Genetically modified yeasts in studies of human amyloidosis
Authors: Kulichikhin Konstantin Yu. , Zelinsky Andrew A. , Gorsheneva Natalia A. , Ryabinina Marina V. , Grizel Alexey V. , Azarov Vladimir V. , Rubel Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2022

Amyloid protein aggregation is a key factor in the development of a variety of serious diseases in humans, commonly named as amyloidoses (Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases, type II diabetes, etc.), and a determinant of protein-based inheritance in lower eukaryotes. In yeast, translation termination factor Sup35 is one of the most extensively studied amyloidogenic proteins. Aggregation of Sup35 (induction of [PSI+] prion) decreases its functional activity and leads to the suppression of nonsense-mutation as stop-codons become recognized as meaningful more frequently. This phenomenon is the basis of phenotypic detection of Sup35 aggregation in yeast strains possessing nonsense mutation ade1-14 in ADE1 gene.

Yeast is convenient model for genetic, biochemical and molecular biology studies. Yeast genome can be easily edited and plasmids can be used for induction of gene expression. Yeast is suitable for analysis of mammalian genes and proteins and thus can be applied for the analysis of amyloidogenic properties of proteins associated with human diseases. Phenotyping detection of [PSI+] prion can be modified for the analysis of amyloid aggregation of mammalian proteins in yeast.

We use genetically modified yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae adopted for amyloid biology research. The mutations leading to auxotrophy toward certain amino acids (leucine, lysine, tryptophane, histidine) and nucleobases (adenine, uracil) were implemented into yeast genome allowing phenotyping detection of [PSI+] and the usage of plasmids for the investigation of mammalian protein in yeast.

Application of yeast-based experimental system for studies of different aspects of human amyloidoses is discussed.

This study was supported by Saint Petersburg State University (project 93025998).
Overexpression of the Ib-rolB/C gene perturbs biosynthesis of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in transgenic calli of sweet potato
Authors: Vasyutkina Elena A. , Yugay Yulia A. , Grigorchuk Valeria P. , Grishchenko Olga V. , Stepochkina Varvara D. , Shkryl Yury N.
Published: December 2022

Ipomoea batatas is a root crop widely cultivated in South America, Africa, and Asia. This is also a source of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (CQAs) with potential health-promoting benefits. Sweet potato genome carries two separate cellular T-DNA (cT-DNA) regions (IbT-DNA1 and IbT-DNA2). Especially, IbT-DNA2 contains five ORFs homologous to the Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA, namely ORF13, ORF14, ORF17n, ORF18/ORF17n, and RolB/RolC proteins [1]. Unfortunately, presently there is insufficient information on IbT-DNA2 genes function in the physiological processes of sweet potatoes.

In this study, expressional levels of the IbT-DNA2 genes and the effect of Ib-rolB/C overexpression were examined using I. batatas cell culture. We discovered that I. batatas cT-DNA genes were not expressed in callus, and abiotic stresses and chemical elicitors affected their transcriptional levels weakly. Additionally, two Ib-rolBC-transgenic cell lines have been established though Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of I. batatas callus cells. Overexpression of Ib-rolB/C gene reduced biomass accumulation of transgenic cell lines by 1.21.6 times and increased the CQAs content by 1.51.9-fold. To justify the metabolic fluctuations, the study also looked into the expression patterns of the major biosynthetic genes, namely bPAL, IbC4H, Ib4CL, IbHCT, and IbHQT. The obtained data demonstrated that the overexpression of the Ib-rolB/C reduced the IbPAL transcript but considerable increase in the transcript levels of the IbHQT. We propose that this result was obtained through as-yet-uncharacterized signaling pathways activated by RolB/RolC.
Homologues of octopine/vitopine synthase genes in natural GMOs
Authors: Shaposhnikov Anton D. , Matveeva Tatiana V.
Published: December 2022

The process of horizontal gene transfer causes the appearance of natural genetically modified organisms. At the moment, it is known that over 7% of dicotyledonous plant species are naturally transgenic, i.e. nGMO [1]. These plants contain the genes of agrobacteria, which are integrated in the nuclear genome during infection. In some species of naturally transgenic plants, agrobacterial genes have been preserved for millions of years of evolution. Among these genes, genes encoding octopine/vitopine synthase (ocs/vis) can be distinguished [2].

The study of homologues of octopin/vitopin synthase genes in naturally transgenic plants: their structures and diversity, products of encoded enzymes will allow us to establish the functions and evolutionary role of homologues in nGMO. Currently, bioinformatic and genetic engineering methods are used to solve these problems.

ocs\vis-like were found in 7 species: Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon G.P.Lewis, Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl., Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC., Rehmannia glutinosa Steud., Santalum album L., Viscum album L. In total twenty one ocs/vis sequences are known in 17 nGMO species. Twenty sequences are intact. This may indicate the functional significance of these genes for nGMO.

Phylogenetic analysis of currently known ocs/vis-like genes of Agrobacterium, Rhizobium and natural GMOs suggests that diversity of studied genes is wider, than it was estimated based on agrobacterial sequences. On the phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method, 6 clusters for ocs/vis can be distinguished. Three clusters contain nGMOs and agrobacteria, showing the relationship of the T-DNA sequences of nGMO with those of currently known strains of of Agrobacterium/Rhizobium. Three clusters contain only nGMOs. One of them consists of species that belong to the Cannabaceae family. Other clusters are heterogeneous. No significant ecological similarities were found among the studied species.

The obtained results can be used to study the diversity of ancient and modern strains of agrobacteria, their host specificity and the possible role of their genes in plant evolution.

The work was supported by the RSF, grant 21-14-00050 and Research Resource Center for molecular and cellular technologies of Saint Petersburg State University.
Application of genetically modified microorganisms for potential human amyloids search
Authors: Ryabinina Marina V. , Zelinsky Andrew A. , Rubel Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2022

Amyloids are fibrous protein structures often found in patients with severe diseases, such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons diseases etc. A number of studies have shown that the production of heterologous amyloidogenic proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains results in formation of amyloid aggregates with properties similar to those found in mammals.

Amyloid aggregates formed in yeasts usually do not have their own phenotypic manifestation. To assess amyloidogenic potential of individual proteins a yeast test-system was developed under supervision of Prof. Y.O. Chernoff. The system is based on usage of genetically modified S. cerevisiae cells auxotrophic for certain growth factors, allowing effective phenotypic selection to search for amyloidogenic proteins within proteomes of various organisms [1]. Using this test-system, our laboratory evaluated amyloid potential of a spectrum of human proteins, the amyloidogenicity of which was previously predicted by bioinformatics algorithms. The proteins that have shown amyloidogenic potential in yeast-based model are being currently tested in vitro and in vivo. Some mutant Escherichia coli strains can be applied for studying propensity of heterologous proteins to form amyloids in vitro. Thus, application of genetically modified microorganisms makes it possible to identify new human amyloidogenic proteins and to improve predictive ability of bioinformatics algorithms.

The research is supported by RSF grant №20-14-00148 and by St. Petersburg State University (project No. 93025998). Authors acknowledge SPbSU Resource Centers Chromas, Molecular and Cell Technologies and Biobank.
MtWOX2 gene in somatic embryogenesis of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Krasnoperova Elizaveta Y. , Tvorogova Varvara E. , Lutova Ludmila A.
Published: December 2022

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the plant regeneration pathways. This process is very similar to zygotic embryogenesis, but embryos develop not from zygote, but from vegetative tissues. This process is widely used in biotechnology for plant transformation and propagation. Somatic embryos can derive directly from the vegetative tissues or through the formation of callus. The search for SE stimulators is very important for plant biotechnology.

Several genes were reported to be the regulators of this process, among them the WOX (WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX) family members are presented. These genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors, participating in different developmental processes. WOX2 is known for its participation in zygotic embryogenesis. It is expressed in the zygote and later in the apical domain of the embryo. We study the role of this gene in the somatic embryogenesis. Overexpression of MtWOX2 in some cases leads to the development of embryogenic calli with increased size. We performed transcriptome analysis of Medicago truncatula calli with overexpression of this gene compared to the calli overexpressing GUS.

It was shown that MtWOX2 overexpression led to the changes in expression levels of genes, enriched with several GO pathways, including groups related to oxidative stress and ROS formation, response to toxic substance and auxin-activated signaling pathway. Among differentially expressed genes there are members of several TF families, e.g. MADS-box, BHLH, MYB, bZIP and others. These genes may regulate embryogenic callus development. Together, these results can be used for the search of new morphogenic regulators applicable for plant transformation.

The research was supported by RFBR grant 20-016-00124.
New cellular T-DNAs in naturally transgenic plants
Authors: Lipatov Pavel Yu. , Bogomaz Fedor D. , Gosudarev Konstantin D. , Kondrashova Sofya A. , Kuchevsky Maxim V. , Malyuga Nikita L. , Myagkiy Egor V. , Sergeenkova Marta V. , Tverdokhlebova Valeria R. , Shtina Anna D. , Matveeva Tatiana V. , Khafizova Galina V.
Published: December 2022

Naturally transgenic plants represent the result of Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. T-DNA of soil bacteria Agrobacterium integrated into plants genome is called cellular T-DNA (cT-DNA) [1]. Today, more than 50 species of naturally transgenic plants, or natural GMO (nGMO) are known [2, 3]. The function of cT-DNA in plants remains unknown. It is assumed that the fixation of transgenes could give plants different selective advantages depending on which genes had been integrated into the plant [4]. In order to clarify this issue, it is necessary to study more naturally transgenic plants. Until recently, the list of nGM plants contained less than 2 dozen species, but a search through genomic and transriptomic sequencing data made it possible to more than double this list [2]. In this work, we used the same approach, looking for cT-DNA genes in whole genome sequencing data that have appeared in the NCBI WGS since 2021. We found 14 new species of naturally transgenic plants, among which the most extended cT-DNAs were found in Triadica sebifera, Lonicera japonica, and Lonicera maackii. The cT-DNAs in these species are organized as imperfect inverted repeats. In the genomes of the species Paulownia fortunei, Apocynum venetum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Erythroxylum havanense, E. densum, E. daphnites, E. cataractarum, Ceriops decandra, Camellia oleifera, Silene uniflora, short cT-DNAs containing only opine synthesis genes were found. We also estimated the approximate age of the cT-DNAs. The first described examples date back to the Late Paleogene, and the process continues to the present. Thus, we can conclude that natural GMOs are a widespread phenomenon, many aspects of which remain unclear, requiring additional research on the topic.

The article was made with support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in accordance with agreement No. 075-15-2022-322 dated 22.04.2022 on providing a grant in the form of subsidies from the federal budget of the Russian Federation. The grant was provided for state support for the creation and development of a world-class scientific center, Agrotechnologies for the Future.
Search and analysis of mutations affecting the aggregation of amyloid beta peptides
Authors: Malikova Oksana A. , Zobnina Anastasia E. , Kachkin Daniel V. , Aksenova Anna Yu. , Chernoff Yury O. , Rubel Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2022

Alzheimers disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in late life. According to the generally accepted hypothesis, the main cause of AD is the aggregation of the amyloid beta (A) peptide which leads to the formation and accumulation of plaques around a brain cells. A isoform that prevails in plaques consists of 42 amino acid residues and is termed A42. Here, we apply the yeast-based assay for searching mutations that affecting human A42 peptide aggregation. This assay is based on phenotypic detection of amyloid aggregation, nucleated by the attachment of A to prion domain of the yeast protein Sup35 in yeast S. cerevisiae (Chandramowlishwaran et al. 2018 J. Biol. Chem. 293:3436). As a result of screening, 70 derivatives with single or multiple mutations, altering amyloid nucleation were identified. Effects of most interesting mutations on biochemical and cytological parameters of A aggregates, as well on the A amyloid structure have been investigated. Results of these experiments shed light on modes and pathways of A aggregation.

This study was supported by grant 20-14-00148 from Russian Science Foundation and by St. Petersburg State University (project 93025998). Authors acknowledge SPbSU Resource Centers Chromas, Molecular and Cell Technologies, and Biobank.
The sweet protein brazzein as a promising natural sweetener
Authors: Markova Ekaterina V. , Chirinskaite Angelina V. , Sopova Julia V. , Leonova Elena I.
Published: December 2022

In the modern world, due to the overconsumption of sugar-containing products, the problem of obesity is relevant. Among the many sweeteners that minimize sugar intake, a group of sweet-tasting proteins is up-and-coming. Brazzein is the smallest of the sweet proteins (54 aa, 6473 Da), and it is also safe for obese and diabetic people since it does not affect blood sugar and insulin levels. Brazzein has high thermal stability over a wide pH range: from 2 to 8 [1]. To increase the level of sweetness of brazzein, mutant variants of this protein were created through site-directed mutagenesis, the sweetest of which is triple mutant H31R/E36D/E41A, which is 22,500 times sweeter than sucrose [2]. Since the content of brazzein in the fruits of the natural source (Pentadiplandra brazzeana) is extremely low (0.2%), various methods have been developed to obtain brazzein using heterologous expression systems, which used as producers: bacteria (Escherichia coli, Lactococcus lactis), yeast (Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), plants (Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana tabacum) and animals (Mus musculus) [35]. Despite the short peptide sequence, the industrial production of recombinant protein faced several problems, including low protein yield (e.g in mouse milk it was detectable on western blot analysis only) and loss of sweetness. Аn extremely relevant and promising way to obtain recombinant brazzein is the optimization of extracellular expression in bakers yeasts with the GRAS (Generally recognized as safe) status, since the safety of these microorganisms for human health can potentially significantly reduce the number of brazzein purification steps and thereby reduce its cost to consumers.
The development of approaches to create new symbiotic systems
Authors: Dolgikh Elena  A. , Kantsurova Elizaveta S. , Dymo Alina M.
Published: December 2022

Plants interact with a wide range of soil microorganisms, while interactions with symbiotic microorganisms are the most important for them. Symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria provides a significant advantage in the existence of plants in nitrogen-poor soils. Since only plants from the Fabales and Rosales (a single representative Parasponia) enter into symbiosis with nodule bacteria, an idea about expanding the number of plants entering into such interactions became popular. To solve the problem of constructing new symbiotic systems, it is necessary to provide recognition of the symbiont (by transferring receptor genes into non-legume plants), morphogenesis of the nodule, and its infection.

We have managed to introduce the genes encoding receptors to surface components of rhizobia into the non-legume plants, and it provided increased colonization by nodule bacteria. It may improve the growth and development of non-legume plants and ensure their greater resistance to phytopathogens. Genome analysis of non-legume plant hop Humulus lupulus showed the existence of genes involved in symbiosis regulation, but some important regulators such as gene encoding NIN transcription factor were lost. Using genetic engineering approaches, the hop plants carrying the gene encoding NIN transcription factor were created. Analysis of these plants may provide important information about regulation of organogenesis in non-legume plants.

The work was financially supported by RSF 21-16-00106.
Development of a testing system for regeneration regulators in Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Simonova Veronika Y. , Kozlov Nikolai V. , Potsenkovskaia Elina A. , Tvorogova Varvara E. , Lutova Ludmila A.
Published: December 2022

Pisum sativum L. (pea) is one of the most important agricultural crops, because its seeds have high protein content, and, due to its ability have symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, these plants need less fertilizers. Nevertheless, we are faced with the need to improve old and create new methods for obtaining novel varieties of peas and other agricultural plants. The formation of regenerated pea plants is difficult to achieve in the in vitro culture. Accordingly, transformation of this species is a laborious process. In this regard, the search for morphogenic regulators of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in pea is an urgent problem. A number of publications reported on the genes regulating the SE process in a model plant from the legume family, Medicago truncatula [1]. In our study, we search for the in vitro cultivation system in peas, suitable to test the effect of putative SE regulators in this species. We tested several pea transformation techniques using different explant variants: embryonic axes from mature and immature seeds, as well as shoot apexes. Out of the tested options, the transformation of mature seeds turned out to be optimal. We also designed a set of DNA constructs in silico, which are suitable for the search of morphogenic regulators in peas.
The life path of A.M. Khaletsky
Authors: Narkevich Igor A. , Volgusheva Alla O. , Vorobeva Svetlana A. , Perelygin Vladimir V. , Dyomina Ksenia  V.
Published: December 2022

Many brilliant scientists, professors, whose life and fate were directly connected with the history of the university, worked at the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University. Our national pharmacy owes their talent and enthusiasm.
Based on unpublished archival records, the article reconstructs the biography, professional, scientific and social activities of Abram Mikhailovich Khaletsky, a wellknown chemist, professor, Doctor of Chemistry, who made a great contribution to the development of Russian science, who for many years worked as the Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institution. A graduate of the Medical Department of Kazan University, a student of Academy A.E. Favorsky, he took an active part in the reformation of the educational process of the LCPI. It was A.M. Khaletsky who proposed a new form of appraisal of pharmacists at that time the defense of theses, the first of them were performed at the Department of Organic Chemistry. Among the scientific achievements made under the leadership of A.M. Khaletsky: studies of isomeric changes of keto-alcohol, technology for the production of standard galenical preparations, the method of isolation of -sitosterol, improvement of hormone technology and the search for new hormonal drugs, and many others. Actively promoted the integration of scientific developments in the pharmaceutical industry. Research by Professor A. M. Khaletsky undoubtedly enriched the theory and practice of organic and pharmaceutical chemistry, made the contribution to the science of the relationships between biological structure and activity, replenished the range of medicine with new drugs and methods of their analysis.
The article provides information about the work of one of the oldest departments of the Leningrad Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute - pharmaceutical chemistry during the leadership of A.M. Khaletsky (1950-x).
Analisis Kontrastif Pelafalan Konsonan-Vokal: Alfabet Indonesia terhadap Huruf Hijaiyyah dan Alfabet Inggris dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Kedua
Authors: Zamzami Muhammad Iqbal , Ni'mah Izzah Naelun , Mustafa Tulus
Published: December 2022

Penguasaan bahasa asing merupakan hal yang sangat penting pada abad-21 ini. Banyak sektor-sektor lembaga baik negeri maupun swasta menjadikan penguasaan bahasa asing sebagai prioritas utama. Bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris merupakan dua bahasa yang masyhur di Indonesia sebagai standar penguasaan bahasa asing. Maka, menguasai dua bahasa sekaligus merupakan suatu modal berharga. Kedua bahasa ini tentu terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Untuk mencari perbedaan dan persamaan diantara keduanya, penulis menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif. Analisis kontrastif adalah suatu kegiatan dalam membandingkan dua bahasa atau lebih dalam rangka untuk mengidentifikasi persamaan dan perbedaan bahasa tersebut yang ditujukan untuk mempermudah seorang pembelajar bahasa dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan dan persamaan antara pelafalan konsonan-vokal ketiga bahasa ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Melalui metode analisis kontrastif, penulis menemukan beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan pada ketiga bahasa ini, khususnya pada pelafalan konsonan dan vokal ketiganya. Dengan adanya persamaan diantara keduanya, maka hal ini akan mempermudah bagi pembelajar bahasa kedua untuk mempelajarinya. Sedangkan adanya beberapa perbedaan akan menyebabkan kesulitan belajar dan membutuhkan perhatian lebih pada beberapa aspek tersebut. Harapannya dengan adanya penelitian ini akan menambah semangat para pembelajar bahasa untuk memiliki wawasan yang luas dan tidak terpaku pada satu bahasa asing saja. Dalam rangka memberikan usulan untuk perbedaan konsonan-vokal ketiga bahasa ini, penulis memberikan saran untuk menggunakan metode Talaqqi yang penulis anggap sebagai metode yang tepat untuk mengajarkan konsonan-vokal ketiga bahasa ini.
Contemporary issues on Eco-friendly consumerism
Authors: Karunakaran N , Chinnappa T. B.
Published: December 2022

Environment has been exploited by companies in different ways; it becomes their responsibility to compensate for this damage. Producing environment-friendly products and creating awareness among consumers conserve nature. This study compared the attitudes of consumers in urban and rural reveals that there does not seen any significant difference in attitudes of gender-wise people except after-use features of environment-friendly products. Urban people have more favorable attitude than rural.
Digital servitization: An effective tool of attracting customers in modern business world
Authors: Tailor R. K. , Parate Vanshika , Hiremath Bhumika V
Published: December 2022

Digital technology is present within each stage of process and are present at all the stages as well. There are two types of models in digital servitization. These two are continuous and discontinuous processes. The continuous model helps to develop the existing business model of the company and enhances it for better understanding. Discontinuous model makes a whole new business model for the company and scraps out the old model. The company has to change its whole business model when they adopt discontinuous model for itself. This model is more time consuming and more costly than the other.