Le Mont Athos et la politique du patriarcat de Constantinople, de 1355 à 1375
Authors: NASTASE D. 
Published: November 2014

&nbsp; <p>&Delta;. &Nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;ά&sigma;&epsilon;</p><p>&nbsp;Tὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἡ &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&pi;ό&lambda;&epsilon;&omega;&sigmaf;, &alpha;&pi;ό &tau;&omicron; 1355 ὥ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ 1375 </p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Ἡ &mu;&epsilon;&lambda;έ&tau;&eta; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&phi;έ&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&omicron;&delta;&omicron; 1355-1375 &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &phi;έ&rho;&nu;&epsilon;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὸ &phi;ῶ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ&nu; &pi;&rho;&omega;&tau;&epsilon;ύ&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha; ἄ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἄ&gamma;&nu;&omega;&sigma;&tau;&omicron; &rho;ό&lambda;&omicron;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ &delta;&iota;&alpha;&delta;&rho;&alpha;&mu;ά&tau;&iota;&sigma;&epsilon; ἡ ἁ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&eta; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &mu;έ&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὰ &pi;&lambda;&alpha;ί&sigma;&iota;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; ἑ&nu;ό&sigmaf; Ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&omicron;&upsilon; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&pi;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ῦ: &pi;&rho;ό&kappa;&epsilon;&iota;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &gamma;&iota;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&kappa;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;ύ&theta;&eta;&sigma;&epsilon; &tau;ὸ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ῖ&omicron; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&pi;ό&lambda;&epsilon;&omega;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἐ&gamma;&kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; Ὀ&theta;&omega;&mu;&alpha;&nu;ῶ&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &Epsilon;ὐ&rho;ώ&pi;&eta; (1354), &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;ό&pi;&epsilon;&iota;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &gamma;&iota;ὰ ἕ&nu;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; &Kappa;&alpha;&theta;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ὴ Ἐ&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;ί&alpha; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἔ&kappa;&alpha;&mu;&epsilon; ὁ Ἰ&omega;ά&nu;&nu;&eta;&sigmaf; &Epsilon;' ὁ &Pi;&alpha;&lambda;&alpha;&iota;&omicron;&lambda;ό&gamma;&omicron;&sigmaf;, &mu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&xi;ὺ &tau;&omicron;ῦ 1355 &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ 1369 (ἔ&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὸ ὁ&pi;&omicron;ῖ&omicron; ἀ&sigma;&pi;ά&sigma;&tau;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon;, &sigma;&tau;ὴ &Rho;ώ&mu;&eta;, &tau;ὸ &lambda;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &delta;ό&gamma;&mu;&alpha;).</p><p>&Alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ&nu; ἀ&kappa;&rho;&iota;&beta;ῶ&sigmaf; &tau;ή&nu; ἐ&pi;&omicron;&chi;ὴ &pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&eta;&rho;&epsilon;ῖ&tau;&alpha;&iota; &mu;&iota;ὰ ἀ&pi;ό&tau;&omicron;&mu;&eta; ἄ&nu;&theta;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἁ&gamma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, ἡ ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&alpha; ἐ&pi;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;&gamma;ά&zeta;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἵ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta; ἤ &tau;ὴ &rho;&iota;&zeta;&iota;&kappa;ή ἀ&nu;&alpha;&kappa;&alpha;ί&nu;&iota;&sigma;&eta; &pi;έ&nu;&tau;&epsilon; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;ά&chi;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&nu; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῶ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &mu;έ ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&alpha; ἔ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;. Ἀ&pi;ό &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &pi;&eta;&gamma;ὲ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&phi;έ&rho;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;ὲ &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὸ &tau;ὸ ἀ&sigma;&upsilon;&nu;ή&theta;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron; &phi;&alpha;&iota;&nu;ό&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron;, &omicron;ἱ &pi;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &epsilon;ἶ&nu;&alpha;&iota; &tau;ὰ ἔ&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;&alpha;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&phi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;ῦ&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ἐ&kappa; &beta;ά&theta;&rho;&omega;&nu; ἀ&nu;&omicron;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&delta;ό&mu;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &Kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&tau;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἄ&rho;&chi;&iota;&sigma;&epsilon; &mu;ὲ ἔ&xi;&omicron;&delta;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &beta;&omicron;&epsilon;&beta;ό&delta;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &Nu;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&lambda;ά&omicron;&upsilon;-Ἀ&lambda;&epsilon;&xi;ά&nu;&delta;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon; (1352- 1364) &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ὁ&lambda;&omicron;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&rho;ώ&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &tau;ὸ 1369-1372 &chi;ά&rho;&eta; &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &delta;&omega;&rho;&epsilon;ὲ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &gamma;&iota;&omicron;ῦ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &delta;&iota;&alpha;&delta;ό&chi;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&delta;&iota;&sigma;&lambda;ά&beta;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Alpha;'. Ὁ &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;έ&alpha;&sigmaf; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&lambda;ύ&epsilon;&iota; &lambda;&epsilon;&pi;&tau;&omicron;&mu;&epsilon;&rho;ῶ&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὰ &tau;ὰ ἔ&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ὰ &sigma;&upsilon;&sigma;&chi;&epsilon;&tau;ί&zeta;&epsilon;&iota; &mu;ὲ &pi;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&omicron;&phi;&omicron;&rho;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;ὸ ἔ&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&pi;ό&lambda;&epsilon;&omega;&sigmaf;, ἀ&pi;ὸ &sigma;&lambda;&alpha;&beta;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &pi;&eta;&gamma;έ&sigmaf;, &kappa;&alpha;&theta;ὼ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἀ&pi;ὸ ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&alpha; ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὰ ἔ&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;&alpha;. Ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;&alpha; &tau;&epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&tau;&alpha;ῖ&alpha; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ά, ἰ&delta;&iota;&alpha;ί&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&eta; &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&sigma;ί&alpha; ἔ&chi;&epsilon;&iota; &tau;ὸ ἱ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &chi;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;ό&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&omicron; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ὀ&nu;&omicron;&mu;ά&sigma;&tau;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; ἀ&rho;&gamma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &laquo;&tau;&omicron;ῦ &Delta;&iota;&omicron;&nu;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon;&raquo; (&tau;ὸ &chi;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;ό&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&omicron; ἀ&pi;&epsilon;&lambda;ύ&theta;&eta; &tau;ὸ &Sigma;&epsilon;&pi;&tau;έ&mu;&beta;&rho;&eta; &tau;&omicron;ῦ 1374 ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὸ&nu; &alpha;&upsilon;&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&rho;&alpha; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &Tau;&rho;&alpha;&pi;&epsilon;&zeta;&omicron;ύ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; Ἀ&lambda;έ&xi;&iota;&omicron; &tau;ὸ&nu; &Gamma;' &pi;&rho;ὸ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ&nu; &gamma;&nu;&omega;&sigma;&tau;ὸ ἡ&gamma;&omicron;ύ&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron; &Delta;&iota;&omicron;&nu;ύ&sigma;&iota;&omicron;). Ἡ ἔ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&lambda;ή&gamma;&epsilon;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὸ &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&pi;έ&rho;&alpha;&sigma;&mu;&alpha; ὅ&tau;&iota; ὑ&pi;ά&rho;&chi;&epsilon;&iota; ἄ&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&eta; &sigma;&chi;έ&sigma;&eta; ἀ&nu;ά&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ἀ&nu;&tau;&iota;-ὀ&theta;&omega;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ή &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ά&nu;&tau;&iota;-&lambda;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ῦ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&delta;&omicron;&mu;&iota;&kappa;ὸ ὀ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&sigma;&mu;ὸ &pi;&omicron;ὺ &pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&eta;&rho;&epsilon;ῖ&tau;&alpha;&iota; &tau;ό&tau;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf;. &Alpha;ὐ&tau;ό &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;ά&gamma;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὰ ἀ&kappa;ό&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&theta;&alpha; &gamma;&epsilon;&gamma;&omicron;&nu;ό&tau;&alpha;, &sigma;&tau;ὰ ὁ&pi;&omicron;ῖ&alpha; ὁ&delta;&eta;&gamma;&epsilon;ῖ ἡ ἐ&xi;έ&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἐ&gamma;&gamma;&rho;ά&phi;&omega;&nu;:</p><p>1.&nbsp;&nbsp; &Mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ &beta;&omicron;ή&theta;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha; &kappa;&upsilon;&rho;ί&omega;&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;&iota;&tau;ῶ&nu; &omicron;ἱ &pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;ά&rho;&chi;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &Kappa;ά&lambda;&lambda;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; ὁ &Alpha;' &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &Phi;&iota;&lambda;ό&theta;&epsilon;&omicron;&sigmaf; &Kappa;ό&kappa;&kappa;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;έ&chi;&iota;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&pi;ά&theta;&epsilon;&iota;έ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &gamma;&iota;ὰ &nu;ὰ &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&pi;ί&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu;, &sigma;&tau;ὰ &pi;&lambda;&alpha;ί&sigma;&iota;&alpha; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf;, &tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; Ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&pi;&epsilon;&iota;&lambda;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &omicron;ἱ &Tau;&omicron;ῦ&rho;&kappa;&omicron;&iota;.</p><p>2.&nbsp;&nbsp; &Omicron;ἱ &pi;&iota;ὸ &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ὶ &delta;&omega;&rho;&eta;&tau;ὲ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἱ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&tau;ὲ&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῶ&nu;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&delta;&omicron;&mu;ή&theta;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; ἤ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&kappa;&alpha;&iota;&nu;ί&sigma;&tau;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὴ &delta;&iota;ά&rho;&kappa;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&pi;ά&theta;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha;&sigmaf;, &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;ή&theta;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; ἀ&nu;ά&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; ἴ&delta;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &eta;&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &sigma;ὲ ἡ&mu;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&mu;&eta;&nu;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&beta;&alpha;&delta;ί&zeta;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &mu;ὲ ἐ&kappa;&epsilon;ῖ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ῖ&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&chi;ώ&rho;&eta;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ή: &tau;έ&tau;&omicron;&iota;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &epsilon;ἶ&nu;&alpha;&iota; &omicron;ἱ &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&pi;&tau;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Nu;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&lambda;ά&omicron;&upsilon;-Ἀ&lambda;&epsilon;&xi;ά&nu;&delta;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&delta;&iota;&sigma;&lambda;ά&beta;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Alpha;' &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;, &tau;&omicron;ῦ &delta;&epsilon;&sigma;&pi;ό&tau;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; &Sigma;&epsilon;&rho;&rho;ῶ&nu; &Omicron;ὔ&gamma;&kappa;&lambda;&epsilon;&sigma;&eta; (Uglje&scaron;a) &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&rho;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Tau;&rho;&alpha;&pi;&epsilon;&zeta;&omicron;ύ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; Ἀ&lambda;&epsilon;&xi;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Gamma;'.</p><p>Ὅ&sigma;&omicron; &gamma;&iota;ὰ &tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &kappa;&alpha;&tau;έ&phi;&upsilon;&gamma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὴ &gamma;&epsilon;&nu;&nu;&alpha;&iota;&omicron;&delta;&omega;&rho;ί&alpha; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&omega;&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῶ&nu;- ὅ&pi;&omega;&sigmaf; &omicron;ἱ &delta;&iota;ά&sigma;&eta;&mu;&omicron;&iota; ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;ί&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&omicron;ύ&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron;&iota; &Chi;&alpha;&rho;ί&tau;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &Delta;&iota;&omicron;&nu;ύ&sigma;&iota;&omicron;&sigmaf;- &delta;ὲ&nu; ἐ&nu;ή&rho;&gamma;&eta;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; ἀ&pi;ό &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&omega;&pi;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &pi;&rho;&omega;&tau;&omicron;&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;ί&alpha;, ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ὰ ὡ&sigmaf; ἐ&kappa;&pi;&rho;ό&sigma;&omega;&pi;&omicron;&iota; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ῦ &pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;ά&rho;&chi;&eta; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἀ&kappa;&rho;&iota;&beta;έ&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&omicron;&upsilon; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&pi;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ῦ, &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;ά&mu;&alpha; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ῦ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&omega;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ῦ, &pi;&omicron;ὺ &pi;&rho;&omicron;&omega;&theta;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&epsilon; &tau;ὸ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ί&omicron;. Ἐ&pi;ί&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;, &omicron;ἱ &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;&omicron;ὶ &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ὶ &delta;&rho;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;ὲ &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&tau;&omicron;&nu;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ὸ &mu;ὲ ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &kappa;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf;, ἀ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;ῖ&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&omicron;&psi;&eta;&phi;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ &epsilon;ἶ&chi;&alpha;&nu; &tau;ὴ&nu; ἴ&delta;&iota;&alpha; ἰ&delta;&iota;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ῖ&omicron; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&pi;ά&theta;&eta;&sigma;&epsilon; &nu;ὰ ἐ&xi;&alpha;&sigma;&phi;&alpha;&lambda;ί&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; &theta;έ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf;-&kappa;&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&delta;&iota;ὰ &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; Ἐ&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἀ&nu;&tau;ί&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&chi;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ῶ&nu;.</p><p>'Έ&tau;&sigma;&iota; ἐ&xi;&eta;&gamma;&omicron;ῦ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ἡ &sigma;ύ&gamma;&chi;&rho;&omicron;&nu;&eta; ἄ&phi;&iota;&xi;&eta; &sigma;&tau;ὴ &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha; &tau;ὸ 1369 -&tau;ὴ &chi;&rho;&omicron;&nu;&iota;ὰ &pi;&omicron;ὺ ὁ Ἰ&omega;ά&nu;&nu;&eta;&sigmaf; &Epsilon;' &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&chi;&omega;&rho;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; &Kappa;&alpha;&theta;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ὸ- &tau;&omicron;ῦ ἡ&gamma;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;έ&nu;&omicron;&upsilon; &Chi;&alpha;&rho;ί&tau;&omega;&nu;&alpha;, &tau;&omicron;ῦ &delta;&iota;&kappa;&alpha;&iota;&omicron;&phi;ύ&lambda;&alpha;&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Mu;&epsilon;&gamma;ά&lambda;&eta;&sigmaf; Ἐ&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &Delta;&alpha;&nu;&iota;ὴ&lambda; &Kappa;&rho;&iota;&tau;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;ύ&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;ί&tau;&eta; &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;&omicron;ῦ &Nu;&iota;&kappa;ό&delta;&eta;&mu;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἕ&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&alpha;, &kappa;&alpha;&theta;ὼ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &omicron;ἱ &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;ί&nu;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &rho;ό&lambda;&omicron;&iota; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &omicron;ἱ &kappa;&lambda;&eta;&rho;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ὶ ἐ&kappa;&epsilon;ῖ&nu;&omicron;&iota; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&delta;&rho;&alpha;&mu;ά&tau;&iota;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὴ &rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;&omicron;&nu;ί&alpha;: &omicron;ἱ &delta;ύ&omicron; &pi;&rho;ῶ&tau;&omicron;&iota; &theta;ὰ &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&lambda;ά&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &delta;&upsilon;ὸ &mu;&eta;&tau;&rho;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; ἕ&delta;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &tau;ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon;, ἐ&nu;ῶ ὁ &tau;&rho;ί&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &theta;ὰ &iota;&delta;&rho;ύ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;, &mu;ὲ έ&xi;&omicron;&delta;&alpha; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &theta;ὰ &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&beta;ά&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &omicron;ἱ &beta;&omicron;&epsilon;&beta;ό&delta;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ὲ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Beta;&omicron;&delta;ί&tau;&sigma;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Tau;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ά&nu;&alpha;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ &theta;ὰ ὀ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&nu;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; &sigma;ύ&mu;&phi;&omega;&nu;&alpha; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὸ ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &tau;&upsilon;&pi;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &omicron;ἱ ὁ&pi;&omicron;ῖ&epsilon;&sigmaf; &theta;ὰ ἐ&pi;&eta;&rho;&epsilon;ά&sigma;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &beta;&alpha;&theta;ύ&tau;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &tau;ὸ &rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &beta;ί&omicron;.</p><p>Ὡ&sigmaf; ἐ&kappa;&pi;&rho;ό&sigma;&omega;&pi;&omicron;&sigmaf; ἐ&pi;ί&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;έ&lambda;&alpha;&beta;&epsilon; &tau;ὴ &mu;&eta;&tau;&rho;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ ἕ&delta;&rho;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Tau;&rho;&alpha;&pi;&epsilon;&zeta;&omicron;ύ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;, &tau;ὴ&nu; ἴ&delta;&iota;&alpha; ἐ&pi;&omicron;&chi;ή, ὁ &pi;&rho;&epsilon;&sigma;&beta;ύ&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; ἀ&delta;&epsilon;&lambda;&phi;ὸ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Delta;&iota;&omicron;&nu;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, &Theta;&epsilon;&omicron;&delta;ό&sigma;&iota;&omicron;&sigmaf;, &pi;&rho;ώ&eta;&nu; ἡ&gamma;&omicron;ύ&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἀ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&eta;&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ή&sigmaf; &Phi;&iota;&lambda;ό&theta;&epsilon;&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; &Mu;&alpha;&gamma;&gamma;ά&nu;&omega;&nu;. &Tau;ὸ &chi;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;ό&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&lambda;&omicron; ἱ&delta;&rho;ύ&sigma;&epsilon;&omega;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &Delta;&iota;&omicron;&nu;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ &tau;ὰ &delta;ύ&omicron; ἀ&delta;έ&lambda;&phi;&iota;&alpha; ἀ&pi;έ&sigma;&pi;&alpha;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &tau;ὸ 1374 ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὸ&nu; Ἀ&lambda;έ&xi;&iota;&omicron; &tau;ὸ&nu; &Gamma;', &delta;ὲ&nu; &sigma;ή&mu;&alpha;&iota;&nu;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &pi;&alpha;&rho;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἐ&pi;&iota;&kappa;ύ&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&mu;&epsilon;&tau;&omicron;&chi;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Mu;&epsilon;&gamma;&alpha;&lambda;&omicron;&kappa;&omicron;&mu;&nu;&eta;&nu;&omicron;ῦ &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&omicron; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&pi;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ό, &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&delta;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&nu;ώ&nu;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὸ &pi;&lambda;ή&gamma;&mu;&alpha; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &epsilon;ἶ&chi;&epsilon; ὑ&pi;&omicron;&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;ῖ &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ &chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &pi;&alpha;&nu;&omega;&lambda;&epsilon;&theta;&rho;ί&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὴ &Mu;&alpha;&rho;ί&tau;&sigma;&alpha; (1371).</p><p>Ἡ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&delta;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&gamma;ά&nu;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ ὑ&pi;ῆ&rho;&xi;&epsilon;, &kappa;&upsilon;&rho;ί&omega;&sigmaf;, ἔ&rho;&gamma;&omicron; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;&iota;&tau;ῶ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ί, &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὸ&nu; &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;έ&alpha;, &omicron;ἱ ἀ&pi;&omicron;&phi;ά&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &gamma;&iota;' &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ &tau;ὴ &nu;έ&alpha; &sigma;&upsilon;&sigma;&pi;&epsilon;ί&rho;&omega;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; &delta;&upsilon;&nu;ά&mu;&epsilon;&omega;&nu; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; Ὀ&rho;&theta;&omicron;&delta;&omicron;&xi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;ά&rho;&theta;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ύ&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&eta;, &sigma;&tau;ὸ ἴ&delta;&iota;&omicron; &tau;ὸ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ῖ&omicron;, &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὴ &delta;&iota;ά&rho;&kappa;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha; &tau;ῶ&nu; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&pi;&rho;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&epsilon;ύ&sigma;&epsilon;&omega;&nu; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &kappa;&alpha;&tau;έ&lambda;&eta;&xi;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; ἀ&rho;&chi;ὲ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ 1375 &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ἀ&pi;&omicron;&kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; &sigma;&chi;έ&sigma;&epsilon;&omega;&nu; ἀ&nu;ά&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὴ &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ὴ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ὴ &sigma;&epsilon;&rho;&beta;&iota;&kappa;ὴ Ἐ&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;ί&alpha;. &Epsilon;ἶ&nu;&alpha;&iota; &gamma;&nu;&omega;&sigma;&tau;ὸ ὅ&tau;&iota; ὁ &Nu;&iota;&kappa;ό&delta;&eta;&mu;&omicron;&sigmaf; ὁ Ἕ&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf; ἔ&lambda;&alpha;&beta;&epsilon; &mu;έ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &sigma;ύ&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;&psi;&eta; &kappa;&alpha;ί, ὅ&pi;&omega;&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&kappa;ύ&pi;&tau;&epsilon;&iota; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ &sigma;&chi;&epsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ ἔ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;, ὁ &Chi;&alpha;&rho;ί&tau;&omega;&nu; &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&mu;&epsilon;&tau;&epsilon;ῖ&chi;&epsilon; ἐ&pi;ί&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&omicron;&mu;&iota;&lambda;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf;, ὅ&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;ῦ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&tau;έ&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &mu;&iota;ὰ ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &pi;&iota;ὸ &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;&omicron;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&lambda;ὲ&sigmaf;:&nbsp; &nu;ὰ &pi;&epsilon;ί&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; &delta;&eta;&lambda;&alpha;&delta;ὴ&nbsp; &tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &Sigma;έ&rho;&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; -&pi;&omicron;ὺ &epsilon;ἶ&chi;&alpha;&nu; &chi;ά&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; &pi;&rho;ό&sigma;&phi;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &tau;ὸ&nu; Ἄ&theta;&omega;- &nu;ὰ ἐ&gamma;&kappa;&rho;ί&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &tau;ὴ&nu; ἐ&pi;&iota;&kappa;&upsilon;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ῦ &pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;&epsilon;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &pi;ά&nu;&omega; &sigma;&tau;ὸ Ἄ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf;, &mu;ὲ ἀ&nu;&tau;ά&lambda;&lambda;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;&alpha; ἀ&phi;' ἑ&nu;ὸ&sigmaf; &tau;ὴ&nu; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&gamma;&nu;ώ&rho;&iota;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; Ἐ&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, ἀ&phi;' ἑ&tau;έ&rho;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;ὴ&nu; ἀ&nu;ά&theta;&epsilon;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἀ&rho;&chi;&eta;&gamma;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; ὀ&rho;&theta;&omicron;&delta;ό&xi;&omega;&nu; &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&omega;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ῶ&nu; &delta;&upsilon;&nu;ά&mu;&epsilon;&omega;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; &pi;&rho;ί&gamma;&kappa;&iota;&pi;ά &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &Lambda;ά&zeta;&alpha;&rho;&omicron; &Chi;&rho;&epsilon;&mu;&pi;&lambda;&iota;ά&nu;&omicron;&beta;&iota;&tau;&sigmaf;. Ἔ&tau;&sigma;&iota; ἐ&xi;&eta;&gamma;&epsilon;ῖ&tau;&alpha;&iota; &tau;ὸ ἀ&kappa;ό&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&theta;&omicron; &gamma;&epsilon;&gamma;&omicron;&nu;ό&sigmaf;, &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&delta;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; Ἀ&nu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; Ἐ&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;:&nbsp; ἀ&mu;έ&sigma;&omega;&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;έ&gamma;&gamma;&iota;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; '&Epsilon;&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&iota;ῶ&nu;, ὁ &Chi;&alpha;&rho;ί&tau;&omega;&nu; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;έ&theta;&epsilon;&sigma;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu;&nbsp; &tau;ί&tau;&lambda;&omicron; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &mu;&eta;&tau;&rho;&omicron;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;ί&tau;&eta; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &epsilon;ἶ&chi;&epsilon; ἤ&delta;&eta;, &tau;ὸ&nu; &beta;&alpha;&theta;&mu;ὸ &tau;&omicron;ῦ <em>&pi;&rho;ώ&tau;&omicron;&upsilon;</em> &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἁ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&eta;&sigmaf; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;.</p><p>&Sigma;&tau;ὸ &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&pi;&iota;&sigma;&mu;ὸ &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&delta;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&nu;ώ&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &mu;' &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;&rho;ό&pi;&omicron;, &theta;ὰ &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&mu;&epsilon;&tau;&epsilon;ῖ&chi;&alpha;&nu;, ἐ&kappa;&tau;ὸ&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὸ&nu; &Lambda;ά&zeta;&alpha;&rho;&omicron; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &Sigma;έ&rho;&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &tau;ὸ&nu; ἀ&kappa;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&theta;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&alpha;&nu;, ὁ &beta;&omicron;&epsilon;&beta;ό&delta;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Beta;&lambda;&alpha;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ὁ &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&rho;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Tau;&rho;&alpha;&pi;&epsilon;&zeta;&omicron;ύ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;. Ὅ&sigma;&omicron; &gamma;&iota;ὰ &tau;ὸ&nu; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &pi;&alpha;&tau;&rho;&iota;ά&rho;&chi;&eta;, &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὸ&sigmaf; ἐ&mu;&phi;&alpha;&nu;ί&zeta;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ἀ&pi;&omicron;&phi;&alpha;&sigma;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &sigma;ὰ&nu; &tau;ὸ ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ὀ&rho;&gamma;&alpha;&nu;&omega;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &sigma;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&chi;&epsilon;ῖ&omicron; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &delta;&rho;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&eta;&rho;&iota;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;, &theta;έ&sigma;&eta; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &chi;&rho;&omega;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&epsilon; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &pi;&rho;ῶ&tau;&omicron; &lambda;ό&gamma;&omicron; &sigma;&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; ἁ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;ῖ&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf;.</p><p>'Ώ&sigmaf; &tau;ώ&rho;&alpha; ἡ ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ή ἔ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;ό&rho;&iota;&zeta;&epsilon; &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &sigma;&chi;έ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&phi;έ&rho;&theta;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&iota;ὸ &pi;ά&nu;&omega; (ἀ&nu;ά&mu;&epsilon;&sigma;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;ὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&eta;) &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;&omicron;&mu;έ&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &theta;&rho;&eta;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;&upsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ῦ &beta;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, ἑ&rho;&mu;&eta;&nu;&epsilon;ύ&omicron;&nu;&tau;ά&sigmaf; &tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, ἀ&nu;ά&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;&alpha; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&eta;, &sigma;ὰ&nu; ἐ&pi;&alpha;&kappa;ό&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&theta;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omega;&tau;&omicron;&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;ῶ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &epsilon;ὐ&sigma;έ&beta;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; &delta;&omega;&rho;&eta;&tau;ῶ&nu;. &Tau;ὰ ἀ&pi;&omicron;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;έ&sigma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἔ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&omicron;&psi;ί&zeta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ἐ&delta;ῶ &delta;&iota;&alpha;&psi;&epsilon;ύ&delta;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&eta;&gamma;&omicron;&rho;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ&nu; &tau;ὴ&nu; a priori ἰ&delta;έ&alpha;, &pi;ά&nu;&omega; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&alpha; ἑ&delta;&rho;ά&zeta;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ὅ&lambda;&eta; ἡ &sigma;&chi;&epsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &mu;ὲ &tau;ὸ &pi;&rho;ό&beta;&lambda;&eta;&mu;&alpha; &beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;&iota;&omicron;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;ί&alpha;. &Omicron;ἱ ἑ&rho;&mu;&eta;&nu;&epsilon;ῖ&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;έ&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;' &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ &tau;ὴ &beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;&iota;&omicron;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;ί&alpha; &pi;&rho;έ&pi;&epsilon;&iota; &lambda;&omicron;&iota;&pi;ὸ&nu; &nu;ὰ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&theta;&epsilon;&omega;&rho;&eta;&theta;&omicron;ῦ&nu;, ἀ&rho;&chi;ί&zeta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἴ&delta;&iota;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ὴ &beta;ά&sigma;&eta;.</p><p>Ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ά, &omicron;ὔ&tau;&epsilon; ἡ &delta;&rho;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&eta;&rho;&iota;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &laquo;ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&eta;&sigmaf; ἀ&nu;&tau;&iota;&pi;&omicron;&lambda;ί&tau;&epsilon;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf;&raquo; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &omicron;ὔ&tau;&epsilon; ό &rho;ό&lambda;&omicron;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ύ &delta;&iota;&alpha;&delta;&rho;&alpha;&mu;ά&tau;&iota;&sigma;&epsilon; &sigma;' &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὴ &tau;ὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&omicron;&rho;ί&zeta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&omicron;&delta;&omicron; 1355-1375. &Omicron;ἱ &pi;&rho;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;έ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;ά&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &mu;&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;ῦ&nu; &nu;ὰ ἔ&lambda;&theta;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὸ &phi;ῶ&sigmaf; &mu;ό&nu;&omicron; ἄ&nu; &gamma;ί&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; ἀ&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&epsilon;ί&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron; &nu;έ&omega;&nu; &mu;&epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;&tau;ῶ&nu;, &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&omicron;&pi;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &pi;&omicron;ύ ἀ&nu;&omicron;ί&chi;&tau;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; ἐ&delta;ῶ.</p>