bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Laryngoscope Assisted Awake Nasal Intubation with Restricted Mouth Opening in an Operated Radical Neck Dissection Patient
Authors: Sharma Tejash Hariduttbhai , Vayeda Avani Prafulchandra , Mehta Malini K , Chauhan Dinesh K
Published: April 2021

Naso-Endotracheal Intubation (NEI) for anaesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgeries are difficult in case of oral mass, micrognathia, restricted mouth opening, pathological anatomy of upper airway and restricted neck extension. This case report presents the clinical and anaesthetic management for a 46-year-old male patient recently operated for left buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma with restricted mouth opening of 1.5 cm, a big rent of 4×5 cm on left cheek and restricted neck extension and flexion scheduled for forehead flap surgery. Patient was intubated with non-channeled Video Laryngoscope (VLS) assisted awake nasal intubation.
The Tentorial Notch: Morphometric Analysis and its Clinical Relevance to Neurosurgery
Authors: Das Ashima , Chhabra Sudha , Das Sibadatta , Rai Pinki , Saini Nishtha
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The tentorial aperture is a complex space that varies considerably in size and shape. Although this space is defined by the free edges of the tentorium cerebelli, it has remained anatomically elusive. Modern neuroimaging methods routinely provide images of the tentorial notch but the literature so far available is remarkably devoid of extensive observations on the different types of tentorial notches. Dimensions of tentorial notch may determine the clinical sequelae and prognosis of many neurological conditions. Aim: To analyse the anatomical variations of tentorial notch, elucidating its clinical relevance in neurosurgery. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from August 2010-January2012. The midbrain was sectioned in an axial plane following the contour of the tentorial edge during medico-legal autopsies in 40 adult human cadavers, age ranging from 20 to 65 years. The parameters measured were: 1) Anterior Notch Width (ANW), the width of tentorial notch through the posterior aspect of the dorsum sellae; 2) Maximum Notch Width (MNW), the maximum width of the tentorial notch in axial plane; 3) Notch Length (NL), the distance between posterosuperior edge of the dorsum sellae in the mid-plane and the apex of notch; 4) Interpedunculoclival (IC) distance, the distance from the interpeduncular fossa to the posterosuperior edge of the dorsum sellae; 5) Apicotectal (AT) distance, the distance between the tectum of midbrain in the mid-plane and the apex of tentorial notch. The data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: The quartile groups defined by MNW (mean 29.77±2.26 mm) were labeled as narrow, midrange and wide. Quartile groups defined by NL (mean 57.98±4.52 mm) were labeled as short, midrange and long. By combining these six groups into matrix formation, tentorial notches were classified into eight types. Applying quartile distribution technique to IC (mean 21.21±3.72 mm), brainstem positions within the tentorial notch were labeled as prefixed, midposition and postfixed. Conclusion: Variations in the dimensions of tentorial aperture may be implicated in the different clinical presentations related to transtentorial herniation, concussion and acceleration-deceleration injuries. The results of the present study provide a baseline data about tentorial notch which may facilitate neurosurgical decision making.
«Луноходы-1 и -2» в истории лунных исследований, "Природа"
Authors: Базилевский А.Т.
Published: April 2021

«Луноход-1» стартовал с Земли 10 ноября 1970 г. на борту автоматической станции «Луна-17» и 17 ноября совершил посадку в северо-западной части равнины Моря Дождей, недалеко от мыса Гераклита. Он проработал 11 лунных дней, прошел 9.9 км и прекратил работу 14 сентября 1971 г. «Луноход-2» стартовал с Земли 8 января 1973 г. на борту «Луны-21» и совершил посадку 15 января на равнинной местности в кратере Лемонье — заливе Моря Ясности. Он проработал четыре с небольшим лунных дня, прошел 39.1 км и прекратил работу 10 мая 1973 г. На луноходах были установлены четыре панорамных ТВ-камеры, анализ изображений которых позволил получить интересные данные по топографии и геологическому строению поверхности Луны. На луноходах работали рентгенофлуоресцентный спектрометр и прибор оценки проходимости, собравшие данные о химическом составе и физико-механических характеристиках грунта, а также уголковые отражатели, лазерная локация которых дополнила наши сведения о внутреннем строении Луны. На «Луноходе-1» был установлен коллиматорный рентгеновский телескоп, а на «Луноходе-2» — магнитометр и астрофотометр. Сейчас наблюдается возврат интереса к результатам луноходов. Недавно в Московском государственном университете геодезии и картографии была создана база ТВ-панорам, полученных первыми советскими луноходами. Будем надеяться на скорую реализацию запланированных российских проектов изучения нашего спутника, которые включают в том числе новую версию планетохода.
Загадочные летописные животные Киевской Руси, "Природа"
Authors: Цвелых А.Н.
Published: April 2021

Анализ древних рукописных источников и изображений времен Киевской Руси позволил заключить, что загадочный летописный «лютый зверь» цбыл львом. Согласно палеонтологическим данным, он существовал в Северном Причерноморье и дальше к северу в период от шести до двух тысяч лет назад. Тысячу лет назад значительная часть этой территории входила в состав или в зону влияния Киевской Руси. Ревизия реалистических изображений животных на фресках XI в. Софийского собора в Киеве позволила получить новые интересные сведения о фауне Киевской Руси. К настоящему времени в Софии Киевской выявлены изображения: львов, тарпана, оленей, кабана, лисицы, рыси, а также гепарда, используемого в качестве охотничьего зверя. Выяснено, что таинственный ночной свист, упомянутый в литературном памятнике XII в. «Слово о полку Игореве», издавали маленькие зверьки — степные пищухи, во времена Киевской Руси широко распространенные, а теперь здесь вымершие.
ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСТВА, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Сысоев А.А. , Иудин Д.И.
Published: April 2021

В статье представлены основы современных представлений о физике атмосферного электричества в целом и многообразии форм молниевых разрядов в частности. Освещаются основные проблемы, методы исследований и прикладная значимость данной области науки. Кратко обсуждаются возможные причины, отвечающие за многообразие типов атмосферных разрядов.
Феноменология атмосферного электричества (окончание). Глоссарий, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Сысоев А.А. , Иудин Д.И.
Published: April 2021

Продолжение статьи ЗиВ №1, 2021, стр. 46–58.
ИЗ ИСТОРИИ КАТОЛИЧЕСКОЙ КОНФЕССИОНАЛИЗАЦИИ В ГЕРМАНИИ: ФУЛЬДСКОЕ ДЕЛО 1576–1602 годов, "Средние века"
Authors: Таценко Т.Н.
Published: April 2021

Импульсом для исследования явилось подлинное письмо императора Рудольфа II от 27 июня 1577 г. из архива СПбИИ РАН (11/404), которое содержит вызов представителей капитула имперского аббатства Фульды ко двору для судебного разбирательства по поводу конфликта между капитулом и аббатом Фульды. Речь идет о драматическом эпизоде католической конфессионализации в Германии, а именно свержении духовного князя империи, аббата Бальтазара, противниками его энергичных тридентских реформ по обновлению римской церкви. Анализ действий сторон конфликта позволяет увидеть реальный эпизод из истории католических преобразований в Германии во всей его противоречивости, смешении конфессиональных фронтов и разновекторности поступков участников. Статья содержит транскрипцию и перевод рукописного источника.
СРЕДИНСКАЯ Н.Б. ФЕРРАРА XIV ВЕКА В ОТРАЖЕНИИ АКТОВ РОДОВОГО АРХИВА САКРАТИ. М.: Индрик, 2017. 248 с., "Средние века"
Authors: Попова Г.А.
Published: April 2021

В рецензии разбираются основные вопросы, освещенные в монографии Н.Б. Срединской: изучение и описание родового архива Сакрати и значение этой документальной коллекции для истории средневековой Феррары, ранний этап истории рода Сакрати, анализ содержания нотариальных актов из этого архива с точки зрения влияния на них классического римского права. Также затрагиваются некоторые сюжеты из истории нотариата. Рецензируемая работа продолжает длительную традицию, сложившуюся вокруг западноевропейской части коллекции Н.П. Лихачева, по изучению актового материала из итальянских архивов и дает исчерпывающее представление о составе изучаемой коллекции, контексте ее возникновения, а также важной роли для изучения истории влиятельного феррарского рода Сакрати. Н.Б. Срединская провела сложный анализ юридической составляющей имущественных отношений, отразившейся в актах Сакрати, что очень важно для современного историко-правового направления. Вместе с тем, чтобы оценить собственно роль наследия римского права в средневековом актовом материале, корректнее было бы соотнести их формулы с текстами, трактующими ius commune, нежели с Дигестами.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ ПЕРОВСКИТ: ТРИ ПЕРСОНАЖА В ИСТОРИИ ОТКРЫТИЯ МИНЕРАЛА, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Кац Е.А.
Published: April 2021

Имя израильского профессора Евгения Каца, автора статьи, публикуемой в этом номере журнала, знакомо нашим читателям. В 2002–2008 гг. наш журнал опубликовал серию его статей, посвящённых фуллеренам – истории их открытия, свойствам и практическим применениям. Эти материалы послужили основой его научно-популярной книги, вышедшей в 2008 г. (3-е изд. в 2019 г.): “Фуллерены, углеродные нанотрубки и нанокластеры: родословная форм и идей”. Профессор Кац продолжает успешно совмещать свою исследовательскую и преподавательскую деятельность с научно-просветительской. В настоящее время он работает над новой научно-популярной книгой. С некоторыми материалами будущей книги, любезно предоставленными нам автором, мы продолжаем знакомить наших читателей.
ВНУТРИГОДОВАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ УРОВНЯ ЯПОНСКОГО МОРЯ В СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОЙ ПРИБРЕЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Трусенкова О.О. , Лобанов В.Б. , Примачев Е.В.
Published: April 2021

По измерениям за 2010—2015 гг. на прибрежных гидрометеорологических станциях, расположенных на открытом побережье Приморского края (Преображение, Рудная Пристань, Сосуново), проанализирована изменчивость уровня моря в прибрежной зоне северо-западной части Японского моря. На основе вейвлет-преобразования были впервые обнаружены нестационарные колебания на масштабах 120—130 и 70—80 сут. Также были зарегистрированы ранее выявленные квазидвухлетние, годовые, полугодовые, приливные (суточные и полусуточные) и инерционные колебания уровня моря. Оценка интенсивности динамических процессов была выполнена на основе мощности вейвлет-спектра уровня моря, осредненной в диапазоне 8—40 сут, соответствующему временам жизни синоптических и мезомасштабных вихрей в этом районе. Установлено, что эта интенсивность изменяется на квазидвухлетнем, годовом, 120—130- и 70—80-суточном масштабах, т.е. изменчивость уровня моря с периодами 120—130 и 70—80 сут можно связать с динамическими процессами. До апреля-июня 2014 г. внутригодовая изменчивость была, в целом, синфазной в районах трех гидрометеорологических станций, но она стала рассогласованной в конце периода наблюдений.
ВАРИАЦИИ КАЧЕСТВА ВОДЫ В ЛАДОЖСКОМ ОЗЕРЕ В ВЕСЕННИЙ ПЕРИОД В 2016 И 2017 ГГ.: СПУТНИКОВЫЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Поздняков Д.В. , Филатов Н.Н.
Published: April 2021

Приведены и обсуждаются результаты спутниковых наблюдений за качеством вод в Ладожском озере в весенний период в 2016—2017 гг. Концентрация хлорофилла a фитопланктона, как и другие гидробиологические параметры, наименее изучены в период полного или частичного покрытия льдом как на Ладоге и Онеге, так и на многих великих озерах мира. В последние 30 лет при заметном потеплении климата Ладожское озеро не каждый год покрывается льдом, и в этом случае имеется возможность оценки параметров качества воды. Полученные впервые статистические данные по качеству воды в Ладожском озере свидетельствуют о том, что, вопреки ожиданиям, концентрации хлорофилла a уже в марте не нулевые (хотя и достаточно низкие: 1 мкг/л) не только в литоральных, но даже в некоторых пелагиальных районах озера, и вероятно обусловлены клетками фитопланктона, вегетировавшего в зимний период подо льдом. Весенние концентрации взвешенного неорганического вещества обнаруживаются в широком диапазоне значений (0.1—3.5 мг/л) в зависимости от года и конкретной части акватории озера. Диапазон концентраций окрашенного растворенного органического вещества обнаружены в диапазоне от <4.5 до 12—15 мгС/л) с наименьшими значениями в пелагиальных районах и наибольшими — в литоральных, в частности, в районе Волховской губы. С началом летнего периода указанные показатели в среднем по озеру слабо возрастают, оставаясь существенно ниже своих характерных значений для июля месяца.
ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК РЕК САЛ И ЗАПАДНЫЙ МАНЫЧ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОГО АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ И КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ (В ПРЕДЕЛАХ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ), "Наука юга России"
Authors: Сазонов А.Д. , Решетняк О.С. , Закруткин В.Е.
Published: April 2021

Рассмотрена временн я изменчивость гидрохимических характеристик рек Сал и Западный Маныч и влияние природных и антропогенных факторов на формирование и трансформацию химического состава речных вод. Материалом для исследования послужили первичные данные государственной наблюдательной сети Росгидромета (из режимно-справочного банка данных Гидрохимического института) и результаты ранее опубликованных работ. Целью исследования являлось изучение трансформации химического состава и качества воды рек Сал и Западный Маныч с учетом современного антропогенного воздействия и климатических изменений. Был проведен сравнительный анализ двух многолетних периодов (2001–2007 и 2011–2017 гг.) и детально изучено изменение среднегодовых концентраций загрязняющих компонентов за 2010–2017 гг. В химическом составе воды р. Сал наиболее существенные изменения в сторону роста концентраций произошли в содержании соединений железа, сульфатов, нефтепродуктов и азота аммонийного, р. Западный Маныч – в содержании органических веществ, азота аммонийного и нефтепродуктов. В период с 2010 по 2017 г. наиболее четко прослеживаются две общие тенденции: увеличение содержания соединений железа и снижение концентраций меди в воде. Разнонаправленные тренды наблюдаются по ионам магния. Рассмотрены основные причины изменчивости химического состава речных вод – изменение водности и влияние грунтовых вод. За исследуемый период качество воды в реках Сал и Западный Маныч не улучшилось и осталось на уровне 4 класса (степень загрязненности воды – грязная). В категорию критических показателей загрязненности воды для обеих рек ежегодно входили сульфат-ионы, по которым отмечается наибольшая кратность превышения предельно допустимой концентрации со 100%-й повторяемостью. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при планировании природоохранных мероприятий, а также для совершенствования существующего природопользования.
Structural features of the plant N‐recognin ClpS1 and sequence determinants in its targets that govern substrate selection
Authors: Aguilar Lucero Dianela , Cantoia Alejo , Sánchez‐López Carolina , Binolfi Andrés , Mogk Axel , Ceccarelli Eduardo A. , Rosano Germán L.
Published: April 2021

In the N‐degron pathway of protein degradation ofEscherichia coli, the N‐recognin ClpS identifies substrates bearing N‐terminal phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, or leucine and delivers them to the caseinolytic protease (Clp). Chloroplasts contain the Clp system, but whether chloroplastic ClpS1 adheres to the same constraints is unknown. Moreover, the structural underpinnings of substrate recognition are not completely defined. We show that ClpS1 recognizes canonical residues of theE. coliN‐degron pathway. The residue in second position influences recognition (especially in N‐terminal ends starting with leucine). N‐terminal acetylation abrogates recognition. ClpF, a ClpS1‐interacting partner, does not alter its specificity. Substrate binding provokes local remodeling of residues in the substrate‐binding cavity of ClpS1. Our work strongly supports the existence of a chloroplastic N‐degron pathway.
SMAC/Diablo controls proliferation of cancer cells by regulating phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis
Authors: Pandey Swaroop Kumar , Paul Avijit , Shteinfer‐Kuzmine Anna , Zalk Ran , Bunz Uwe , Shoshan‐Barmatz Varda
Published: April 2021

SMAC/Diablo, a pro‐apoptotic protein, yet it is overexpressed in several cancer types. We have described a noncanonical function for SMAC/Diablo as a regulator of lipid synthesis during cancer cell proliferation and development. Here, we explore the molecular mechanism through which SMAC/Diablo regulates phospholipid synthesis. We showed that SMAC/Diablo directly interacts with mitochondrial phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) and inhibits its catalytic activity during synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from phosphatidylserine (PS). Unlike other phospholipids (PLs), PE is synthesized not only in the endoplasmic reticulum but also in mitochondria. As a result, PSD activity and mitochondrial PE levels were increased in the mitochondria of SMAC/Diablo‐deficient cancer cells, with the total amount of cellular PLs and phosphatidylcholine (PC) being lower as compared to SMAC‐expressing cancer cells. Moreover, in the absence of SMAC/Diablo, PSD inhibited cancer cell proliferation by catalysing the overproduction of mitochondrial PE and depleting the cellular levels of PC, PE and PS. Additionally, we demonstrated that both SMAC/Diablo and PSD colocalization in the nucleus resulted in increased levels of nuclear PE, that acts as a signalling molecule in regulating several nuclear activities. By using a peptide array composed of 768‐peptides derived from 11 SMAC‐interacting proteins, we identified six nuclear proteins ARNT, BIRC2, MAML2, NR4A1, BIRC5 and HTRA2 Five of them also interacted with PSD through motifs that are not involved in SMAC binding. Synthetic peptides carrying the PSD‐interacting motifs of these proteins could bind purified PSD and inhibit the PSD catalytic activity. When targeted specifically to the mitochondria or the nucleus, these synthetic peptides inhibited cancer cell proliferation. To our knowledge, these are the first reported inhibitors of PSD acting also as inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation. Altogether, we demonstrated that phospholipid metabolism and PE synthesis regulated by the SMAC‐PSD interaction are essential for cancer cell proliferation and may be potentially targeted for treating cancer.
Fiducial detection and registration for 3D IMRT QA with organ‐specific dose information
Authors: Wang Yi‐Fang , Dona Olga , Xu Yuanguang , Adamovics John , Wuu Cheng‐Shie
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Two‐dimensional (2D) IMRT QA has been widely performed in Radiation Oncology clinic. However, concerns regarding its sensitivity in detecting delivery errors and its clinical meaning have been raised in publications. In this study, a robust methodology of three‐dimensional (3D) IMRT QA using fiducial registration and structure‐mapping was proposed to acquire organ‐specific dose information.

Methods

Computed tomography (CT) markers were placed on the PRESAGE dosimeter as fiducials before CT simulation. Subsequently, the images were transferred to the treatment planning system to create a verification plan for the examined treatment plan. Patient’s CT images were registered to the CT images of the dosimeter for structure mapping according to the positions of the fiducials. After irradiation, the 3D dose distribution was read‐out by an optical‐CT (OCT) scanner with fiducials shown on the OCT dose images. An automatic localization algorithm was developed in MATLAB to register the markers in the OCT images to those in the CT images of the dosimeter. SlicerRT was used to show and analyze the results. Fiducial registration error was acquired by measuring the discrepancies in 20 fiducial registrations, and thus the fiducial localization error and target registration error (TRE) was estimated.

Results

Dosimetry comparison between the calculated and measured dose distribution in various forms were presented, including 2D isodose lines comparison, 3D isodose surfaces with patient’s anatomical structures, 2D and 3D gamma index, dose volume histogram and 3D view of gamma failing points. From the analysis of 20 fiducial registrations, fiducial registration error was measured to be 0.62 mm and fiducial localization error was calculated to be 0.44 mm. Target registration uncertainty of the proposed methodology was estimated to be within 0.3 mm in the area of dose measurement.

Conclusions

This study proposed a robust methodology of 3D measurement‐based IMRT QA for organ‐specific dose comparison and demonstrated its clinical feasibility.
Correcting the unknown: Negated corrections may increase belief in misinformation
Authors: Autry Kevin S. , Duarte Shea E.
Published: April 2021

Corrections are not always effective at reducing belief in misinformation. Negated corrections, which state a piece of information is not true, may only be effective at inhibiting information an observer has already encountered. We compared the effectiveness of negated corrections and replacements while manipulating initial exposure to a target concept. Subjects read one (Experiment 1) or six (Experiment 2) passages presenting a target concept (e.g., blue car) or not, followed by a negated correction (e.g., not blue), replacement (e.g., red), or no correction, then answered open‐ended questions which were scored for mentions of the target concept. When subjects were exposed to the target concept, negated corrections reduced mentions of the misinformation relative to no correction; however, when not exposed to the concept, negated corrections increased mentions relative to no correction. These results demonstrate that negated corrections can increase belief in misinformation when observers have not been exposed to the misinformation.
Development of an Implementation Strategy for Patient Decision Aids in Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Application of the Behavior Change Wheel
Authors: Barber Claire E. H. , Spencer Nicole , Bansback Nick , Zimmermann Gabrielle L. , Li Linda C. , Richards Dawn P. , Proulx Laurie , Mosher Dianne P. , Hazlewood Glen S.
Published: April 2021

Objective

Decision aids are being developed to support guideline‐based rheumatology care in Canada. The study objective was to identify barriers to decision aid use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) within a behavior change model to inform an implementation strategy.

Methods

Perspectives from Canadian health care providers (HCPs) and patients living with RA were obtained on an early RA decision aid and on perceived facilitators and barriers to decision aid implementation. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, transcribed, and then analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. The lessons learned were then mapped to the behavior change wheel COM‐B system (C = capability, O = opportunity, and M = motivation interact to influence B = behavior) to inform key elements of a national implementation strategy.

Results

Fifteen HCPs and fifteen patients participated. The analysis resulted in five lessons learned: 1) paternalistic decision‐making is a dominant practice in early RA, 2) patients need emotional support and access to educational tools to facilitate participation in shared decision‐making (SDM), 3) there are many logistical barriers to decision aid implementation in current care models, 4) flexibility is necessary for successful implementation, and 5) HCPs have limited interest in further training opportunities about decision aids. Implementation recommendations included the following: 1) making the decision aids directly available to patients (O) and providing SDM education (C/M), 2) creating an SDM rheumatology curriculum (C/O/M), 3) using “decision coaches” or patient partners as peer support (C/O/M), 4) linking decision aids to “living” rheumatology guidelines (M), and 5) designing trials of patient decision aid/SDM interventions to evaluate patient‐important outcomes (O/M).

Conclusion

A multifaceted strategy is suggested to improve uptake of decision aids.
Humidity‐Initiated Gas Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds Sensing
Authors: Robinson Maxwell T. , Tung Julie , Heydari Gharahcheshmeh Meysam , Gleason Karen K.
Published: April 2021

A new volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensing concept called humidity‐initiated gas (HIG) sensors is described and demonstrated. HIG sensors employ the impedance of water assembled at sensor interfaces when exposed to humidity to sense VOCs at low concentrations. Here, two HIG sensor variants are studied—Type I and Type II. Type I sensors benefit from simplicity, but are less attractive in terms of key performance metrics, including response time and detection limits. Type II sensors are more complex, but are more attractive in terms of key performance metrics. Notably, it is observed that the best‐in‐class Type II HIG sensors achieve <2 min response times and <10 ppb detection limit for geranyl acetone, a VOC linked to the asymptomatic form of Huanglongbing (HLB) citrus disease. Both Type I and Type II sensors are assembled from off‐the‐shelf materials and demonstrate remarkable stability at high humidity. HIG sensors are proposed as an attractive alternative to existing VOCs sensors for remote field detection tasks, including VOCs detection to diagnose HLB citrus disease.
Epigenetic Remodeling Hydrogel Patches for Multidrug‐Resistant Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ji Xiaoyuan , Guo Daoxia , Ma Jia , Yin Min , Yu Yun , Liu Chang , Zhou Yanfeng , Sun Jinli , Li Qian , Chen Nan , Fan Chunhai , Song Haiyun
Published: April 2021

The induced expansion of tumor‐initiating cells (T‐ICs) upon repeated exposure of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs forms a major cause for chemoresistance and cancer metastasis. Here, a tumor‐microenvironment‐responsive hydrogel patch is designed to modulate the plasticity of T‐ICs in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is insensitive to hormone‐ and HER2‐targeting. The on‐site formation of the hydrogel network patches tumors in a chemoresistant TNBC murine model and senses intratumoral reactive oxygen species for linker cleavage and payload release. Patch‐mediated inhibition of the histone demethylase lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) epigenetically regulates the switch of T‐ICs from self‐renewal to differentiation, rehabilitating their chemosensitivity. Moreover, the hydrogel patch enhances tumor immunogenicity and increases T‐cell infiltration via epigenetic activation of innate immunity. A single‐dose of the hydrogel patch harboring LSD1 inhibitor and chemotherapy agent efficiently suppresses tumor growth, postsurgical relapse, and metastasis. The superior efficacy against multidrug resistance further reveals the broad applicability of epigenetic remodeling hydrogel patches.
Effect of Plasma Treatment on Metal Oxide p–n Thin Film Diodes Fabricated at Room Temperature
Authors: Khong Yin Jou , Niang Kham Man , Han Sanggil , Coburn Nigel J. , Wyatt‐Moon Gwenhivir , Flewitt Andrew J.
Published: April 2021

There is a need for a good quality thin film diode using a metal oxide p–n heterojunction as it is an essential component for the realization of flexible large‐area electronics. However, metal oxide‐based diodes normally show poor rectification characteristics whose origin is still poorly understood; this is holding back their use in various applications. A systematic study of the origins of the poor performance is performed based on bias‐stress measurements using a cuprous oxide (Cu2O)/amorphous zinc‐tin oxide (a‐ZTO) heterojunction as an example. This suggests that multiple carrier trapping and thermal release of carriers in defect states stemming from oxygen vacancies at the heterojunction interface is the primary cause of poor rectification. It is demonstrated that a plasma treatment is an effective way to optimize the population of oxygen vacancies at the heterojunction interface based on extensive material analyses, allowing a significant improvement in the diode performance with a much‐enhanced rectification ratio from ≈20 to 10 000, and a consequent facilitation of the next‐generation of ubiquitous electronics.
Ultrastable Perovskite Nanocrystals in All‐Inorganic Transparent Matrix for High‐Speed Underwater Wireless Optical Communication
Authors: Xia Mengling , Zhu Shijie , Luo Jiajun , Xu Yinsheng , Tian Pengfei , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang
Published: April 2021

The key features of lead halide perovskites, including short emission lifetime and excellent luminous efficiency in the green emission region, perfectly match the strict requirements of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). However, the poor stability of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) restricts its application under water and no relevant application research has been reported. Here, extremely stable CsPbBr3 NCs in all‐inorganic amorphous glass synthesized by all‐solid reaction without any organic ligand are reported. The products achieve high photoluminescence quantum yield (70%) as well as excellent stability toward water, thermal treatment (200 °C in air) and intensive laser irradiation (3.6 kW cm−2). The authors also raise that the refraction index could strongly influence the lifetime values according to the oscillator strength of radiative transitions. The large refraction index of the glass matrix enhances the radiative transition rates of CsPbBr3 NCs (decay time 3.22 ns). At last, the first application of perovskite NCs for UWOC is demonstrated, achieving a bandwidth as high as 180 MHz and data rates of 185 Mbps.
Tailoring the Broadband Emission in All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free 0D In‐Based Halides through Sb3+ Doping
Authors: Cheng Xingwen , Li Renfu , Zheng Wei , Tu Datao , Shang Xiaoying , Gong Zhongliang , Xu Jin , Han Siyuan , Chen Xueyuan
Published: April 2021

All‐inorganic lead‐free metal halides doped with ns2‐metal ions have shown great promise in optoelectronics and photovoltaics owing to their superior optical properties. Herein, a strategy is reported for tailoring the optical properties of 0D A2InX5⋅H2O and A3InX6 (A = Cs, Rb; X = Cl, Br) crystals via Sb3+ doping, and the excited‐state dynamics of Sb3+ is unveiled through temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies. Owing to the spatially confined 0D structure of the In‐based halides, Sb3+ ions experience a strong Jahn–Taller distortion on the excited state, which results in intense PL from Sb3+ with a broad emission band and a large Stokes shift. Through the control of A cation and the octahedral unit, tunable Sb3+ emissions (490−750 nm) with PL quantum yields up to 91.8% are achieved in these 0D In‐based halides. These findings provide fundamental insights into the excited‐state dynamics of Sb3+ in 0D metal halides, thus laying a foundation for future design of luminescent lead‐free 0D metal halides through ns2‐metal doping towards versatile applications.
Co‐Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Silk Fibroin into Photonic Cholesteric Films
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Sun Hui , Ivanova Alesja , Marelli Benedetto , Frka‐Petesic Bruno
Published: April 2021

Controlled self‐assembly of bio‐sourced nanocolloids is of high importance for the development of sustainable and low‐cost functional materials but controlling nanocomposite fabrication with both satisfactory optical properties and composition remains challenging. Silk fibroin (SF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have independently demonstrated their ability to produce high‐quality photonic materials, in part due to their low absorbance and their transparency in the visible range. While SF is able to replicate inverse structures by high‐resolution nano‐templating, CNCs can spontaneously assemble into cholesteric liquid crystalline structures that are retained upon solvent evaporation, yielding photonic films. In this work, the conditions of successful co‐assembly of regenerated SF, extracted from silkworm silk, with CNCs extracted from cotton, are investigated. Their co‐assembly is investigated for various relative concentration ratios and pH, combining polarized optical microscopy and spectroscopy, SEM, and other characterization techniques (XRD, ATR‐FTIR, TGA). The appearance of photonic properties is observed when CNC and SF are assembled at pH ≥ 4.15, highlighting the importance of suppressing attractive electrostatic interactions between the two species for an organized structure to emerge. Beyond its fundamental motivations for colloidal co‐assembly with structural proteins, this work is relevant to design sustainable optical materials compatible with food packaging coatings and edible coloring pigments.
Memristive Stateful Logic for Edge Boolean Computers
Authors: Kim Young Seok , Son Myeong Won , Kim Kyung Min
Published: April 2021

Memristive stateful logic enables complete in‐memory computing, allowing low‐power and low‐cost Boolean computing. Its characteristics are consistent with the requirements of edge computing devices, which will occupy a considerable segment in the coming Internet of things (IoT) era. In this review, recent developments in stateful logic technology are intensively explored. The topics include a summary of the evolution of stateful logic gates and their cascading strategies for Boolean computing. Also, array‐level data manipulation is discussed, and its role in realizing massive computation inside the memory. Finally, the logic operation error issue is discussed, with feasible solutions.
Filling in the gaps: Acoustic gradation increases in the vocal ontogeny of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Taylor Derry , Dezecache Guillaume , Davila‐Ross Marina
Published: April 2021

Human vocal ontogeny is considered to be a process whereby a large repertoire of discrete sounds seemingly emerges from a smaller number of acoustically graded vocalizations. While adult chimpanzee vocal behavior is highly graded, its developmental trajectory is poorly understood. In the present study, we therefore examined the size and structure of the chimpanzee vocal repertoire at different stages of ontogeny. Audio recordings were collected on infant (N = 13) and juvenile (N = 13) semi‐wild chimpanzees at Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage, Zambia, using focal and ad libitum sampling. All observed call types were acoustically measured. These were predominantly grunts, whimpers, laughs, screams, hoos, and barks and squeaks. A range of spectral and temporal acoustic parameters were extracted, and fuzzy c‐means clustering was used to quantify the size and structure of the repertoire. The infant and juvenile vocal repertoires were both best described with the same number of clusters. However, compared to infants, juvenile call clusters were less distinct from one another and could be extracted only when a low level of overlap between call clusters was permitted. Moreover, the acoustic overlap between call clusters was significantly higher for juveniles. Overall, this pattern shows greater acoustic overlap in juvenile vocalizations compared to infants, suggesting a trend toward increased acoustic gradation in chimpanzee vocal ontogeny. This may imply in contrast to humans, chimpanzees become increasingly proficient in using graded signals effectively rather than developing a larger repertoire of more discrete sounds in ontogeny.
Headfirst descent behaviors in a comparative sample of strepsirrhine primates
Authors: Perchalski Bernadette
Published: April 2021

The ability to safely ascend and descend is critical to the success of arboreal animals. Nonprimate mammals typically descend supports headfirst aided by their claws, but primates must rely on grasping, and use a variety of behaviors to move down within an arboreal environment, including headfirst and tailfirst descending. This study assesses hypothesized body mass limits on vertical headfirst descent and identifies approximate support orientations and diameters at which headfirst descent is ceased in a sample of nine strepsirrhines species ranging in mass from 0.06 to 4.5 kg. Species under 1 kg, arboreal quadrupeds Cheirogaleus medius and Microcebus murinus, and slow climber Nycticebus pygmaeus, always descended supports headfirst regardless of orientation and diameter as long as a grasp could be established. Arboreal quadrupedal species above 1 kg, Daubetonia madagascariensis, Eulemur coronatus, Eulemur mongoz, Lemur catta, and Varecia variegata differed in the orientation at which they ceased using headfirst descent and the types of alternative descending behaviors they employed. Lemur catta, a highly terrestrial species, started to employ tailfirst descents at 45° and completely stopped using headfirst descent on steeper and thicker supports. Other arboreal quadrupeds, D. madagascariensis, E. coronatus, E. mongoz, and V. variegata, began using tailfirst descent at 60°. The vertical clinging and leaping species Propithecus coquereli rarely engaged in above branch quadrupedalism, and individuals were observed using tailfirst descents on supports as shallow as 15°. This study shows the ways in which mass and anatomy may constrain use of headfirst descent through arboreal environments, and the alternate strategies strepsirrhine primates employ to descend.
A Syringe‐Based DNAzyme Sensor for Bacterial Detection
Authors: Esmaeili Samani Sahar , McConnell Erin M. , Chang Dingran , Rothenbroker Meghan , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Li Yingfu
Published: April 2021

We present a simple approach for bacterial detection that uses a bead‐bound RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme (RcD) and a syringe. The RcD used in this study, F‐EC1, is fluorescently labelled and can be specifically activated by a protein target released specifically by E. coli. Upon immobilization on agarose beads, the kinetic behaviour of F‐EC1 remains similar to that in solution. The F‐EC1‐agarose system was able to detect as few as 1,000 CFUs of E. coli and retained high recognition specificity. A syringe‐based biosensor was subsequently designed, where F‐EC1‐bearing agarose beads were loaded onto a filter‐containing column. Upon incubation with an E. coli containing reaction mixture, the cleavage fragment released from the beads was filtered onto a nitrocellulose paper to be detected. The sensor was used to achieve the detection of E. coli in water, milk, and apple juice. This method is cost‐effective, simple to use, and can be adapted to other ligand‐responsive RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes.
The Importance of Optional Practical Anatomy Courses for Undergraduate Speech Therapy Students
Authors: Criado‐Álvarez Juan José , Mohedano‐Moriano Alicia , Aceituno‐Gómez Javier , Romo‐Barrientos Carmen , Monforte Perez Diana , Saiz‐Sanchez Daniel , Flores‐Cuadrado Alicia , Martín‐Conty Jose Luis , Martín‐Rodriguez Francisco , González‐González Jaime , Viñuela Antonio , Polonio‐Lopez Begoña
Published: April 2021

An in‐depth understanding of the anatomy discipline is essential for the work of healthcare professionals. In recent decades, the content and time of teaching anatomy have decreased in all health science degrees. The aim of this study was to look for alternatives for compensating the reduction of the teaching of anatomy by supplementing students with a practical training course and to know evaluations of the course given by students enrolled in the degree in Speech Therapy and its impact on their academic results. All students (100%) positively evaluated having acquired skills and attitudes for their future professional life. The majority of the students (95.8%) believed that their knowledge was acceptable; 97.2% of the students thought they would have the possibility to apply their acquired anatomical knowledge as professionals; 98.5% were satisfied with the voluntary course; and finally, the percentage of students that passed the “Anatomophysiology of language and voice organs” course increased from previous academic years. Optional (theoretical/practical) undergraduate courses can be used in parallel to overcome the devaluation of anatomical studies in new curricula. The optional undergraduate anatomy course in the Speech Therapy program has been positively evaluated because it stimulated students’ motivation and appealed to their interest in anatomy. Students considered that these courses would help them in their training and they could put what they had learned into practice in their future professions. However, very little evidence for the impact of optional practical courses exists, yet it could be an efficient method to increase anatomical knowledge.
Knowledge order in an online knowledge community: Group heterogeneity and two paths mediated by group interaction
Authors: Qiu Jiangnan , Zuo Min , Wang Jingxian , Cai Chengjie
Published: April 2021

Knowledge order in an online knowledge community (OKC) refers to a consensual version of collective knowledge in the creation of shared knowledge representation. Much previous research has been conducted in the context of the ordered structure of objective knowledge systems, but this does little to explain the microlevel order of knowledge after users contribute knowledge and achieve consensus through online interactions in OKC. Based on interactive team cognition theory and the stigmergy coordination mechanism, our research aims to investigate how knowledge and experience heterogeneity affect knowledge order effectiveness and efficiency through collaborative and communicative interaction. To test our hypotheses, we randomly collected the records of 250 articles from the English version of Wikipedia. Partial least squares structural equation modeling indicated that OKC favoring online collective knowledge order by limiting communicative interaction, as collaborative interaction is very effective in achieving knowledge order and in achieving it in a fast way. From our findings, scholars and practitioners are advised to pay attention to online knowledge order in the management and design of OKC.
Manganese: What Goes Around Comes Around
Authors: Leeds Ali , DeFolo Kim
Published: April 2021

Key Takeaways

The complex chemistry of manganese makes optimizing its removal in surface water treatment plants challenging, particularly if a facility is zero‐liquid discharge or if it recycles significant portions of its process washwater.

Concentrations of manganese fractions across treatment and solids‐handling processes must be understood for optimal removal.

Efforts to optimize treatment for a specific contaminant such as manganese must account for any effects on other unit processes.
Structural connectivity networks in Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body disease
Authors: Baik Kyoungwon , Yang Jin‐Ju , Jung Jin Ho , Lee Yang Hyun , Chung Seok Jong , Yoo Han Soo , Sohn Young H. , Lee Phil Hyu , Lee Jong‐Min , Ye Byoung Seok
Published: April 2021

Objective

We evaluated disruption of the white matter (WM) network related with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD), which includes Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Methods

We consecutively recruited 37 controls and 77 patients with AD‐related cognitive impairment (ADCI) and/or LBD‐related cognitive impairment (LBCI). Diagnoses of ADCI and LBCI were supported by amyloid PET and dopamine transporter PET, respectively. There were 22 patients with ADCI, 19 patients with LBCI, and 36 patients with mixed ADCI/LBCI. We investigated the relationship between ADCI, LBCI, graph theory‐based network measures on diffusion tensor images, and cognitive dysfunction using general linear models after controlling for age, sex, education, deep WM hyperintensities (WMH), periventricular WMH, and intracranial volume.

Results

LBCI, especially mixed with ADCI, was associated with increased normalized path length and decreased normalized global efficiency. LBCI was related to the decreased nodal degree of left caudate, which was further associated with broad cognitive dysfunction. Decreased left caudate nodal degree was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the brain regions vulnerable to LBD. Compared with the control group, the LBCI group had an increased betweenness centrality in the occipital nodes, which was associated with decreased FA in the WM adjacent to the striatum and visuospatial dysfunction.

Conclusion

Concomitant ADCI and LBCI are associated with the accentuation of LBCI‐related WM network disruption centered in the left caudate nucleus. The increase of occipital betweenness centrality could be a characteristic biologic change associated with visuospatial dysfunction in LBCI.
Interim and end‐of‐treatment PET‐CT suffers from high false‐positive rates in DLBCL: Biopsy is needed prior to treatment decisions
Authors: Tokola Susanna , Kuitunen Hanne , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi
Published: April 2021

The application of positron emission tomography (PET)‐computed tomography (CT) in treatment response evaluation has increased in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), although its predictive value is controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the rate of false‐positive PET‐CTs performed as interim (n = 94) and end‐of‐treatment (n = 8) assessments among 102 DLBCL patients treated during 2010–2017 at Oulu University Hospital. In PET‐CT Deauville score ≥4 was regarded as positive. A biopsy was performed on 35 patients, and vital lymphoma tissue was detected from nine patients. Positive biopsy findings were associated with poor disease outcomes in this study. This difference was statistically significant: 2‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) was 44% in patients with a positive biopsy versus 83% for those with a negative biopsy (p = 0.003). The corresponding overall survival (OS) rates were 53% versus 95% (p = 0.010). In the multivariate analyses, a negative biopsy was an independent protective factor in FFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.093 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017–0.511); p = 0.006) unrelated to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) (HR 1.139 [95% CI 0.237–5.474] p = 0.871) or stage (HR 1.365 [95% CI 0.138–13.470]; p = 0.790). There was no statistically significant difference in OS according to the PET results, but the FFS rate was significantly higher in patients with a negative PET. The value of PET‐CT as an evaluation method suffers from a high false‐positive rate, and it is inadequate alone for the justification of treatment decisions. Biopsy results provide more reliable prognostic information for the evaluation of treatment response and outcome and should be used to assess patients with positive PET‐CT scans.
Mantle cell lymphoma involving the thyroid gland
Authors: Pongas Georgios N , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Chapman Jennifer R. , Lossos Izidore S
Published: April 2021

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) rarely involves thyroid gland. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) may be critical in identifying thyroid involvement by MCL and pursuing further work up of the suspicious thyroid lesions, irrespective of the thyroid function tests.
Effect of Cobalt Doping on Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance of Nanosilicon
Authors: Nulu Arunakumari , Nulu Venugopal , Sohn Keun Yong
Published: April 2021

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Keun Yong Sohn and co‐workers at Gimhae, Gyeongnam (Korea). The cover picture shows the successful doping of conductive cobalt into silicon nanoparticles as a negative electrode for lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries. The doped cobalt effectively suppresses the structural changes of the silicon nanoparticles and facilitates lithium‐ion diffusion kinetics, thus resulting in superior rate capability and high specific energy capacity with long‐term cyclic stability, which can potentially be used for future energy storage applications. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202001533.