bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membrane tension increases fusion efficiency of model membranes in the presence of SNAREs
Authors: Kliesch Torben-Tobias , Dietz Jörn , Turco Laura , Halder Partho , Polo Elena , Tarantola Marco , Jahn Reinhard , Janshoff Andreas
Published: September 2017

The large gap in time scales between membrane fusion occurring in biological systems during neurotransmitter release and fusion observed between model membranes has provoked speculations over a large number of possible factors that might explain this discrepancy. One possible reason is an elevated lateral membrane tension present in the presynaptic membrane. We investigated the tension-dependency of fusion using model membranes equipped with a minimal fusion machinery consisting of syntaxin 1, synaptobrevin and SNAP 25. Two different strategies were realized; one based on supported bilayers and the other one employing sessile giant liposomes. In the first approach, isolated patches of planar bilayers derived from giant unilamellar vesicles containing syntaxin 1 and preassembled SNAP 25 (ΔN-complex) were deposited on a dilatable PDMS sheet. In a second approach, lateral membrane tension was controlled through the adhesion of intact giant unilamellar vesicles on a functionalized surface. In both approaches fusion efficiency increases considerably with lateral tension and we identified a threshold tension of 3.4 mN m−1, at which the number of fusion events is increased substantially.
Melanoblast development coincides with the late emerging cells from the dorsal neural tube in turtle Trachemys scripta
Authors: Rice Ritva , Cebra-Thomas Judith , Haugas Maarja , Partanen Juha , Rice David P. C. , Gilbert Scott F.
Published: September 2017

Ectothermal reptiles have internal pigmentation, which is not seen in endothermal birds and mammals. Here we show that the development of the dorsal neural tube-derived melanoblasts in turtleTrachemys scriptais regulated by similar mechanisms as in other amniotes, but significantly later in development, during the second phase of turtle trunk neural crest emigration. The development of melanoblasts coincided with a morphological change in the dorsal neural tube between stages mature G15 and G16. The melanoblasts delaminated and gathered in the carapacial staging area above the neural tube at G16, and differentiated into pigment-forming melanocytes duringin vitroculture. The Mitf-positive melanoblasts were not restricted to the dorsolateral pathway as in birds and mammals but were also present medially through the somites similarly to ectothermal anamniotes. This matched a lack of environmental barrier dorsal and lateral to neural tube and the somites that is normally formed by PNA-binding proteins that block entry to medial pathways. PNA-binding proteins may also participate in the patterning of the carapacial pigmentation as both the migratory neural crest cells and pigment localized only to PNA-free areas.
Zebrafish In-Vivo Screening for Compounds Amplifying Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells: - Preclinical Validation in Human CD34+ Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Arulmozhivarman Guruchandar , Kräter Martin , Wobus Manja , Friedrichs Jens , Bejestani Elham Pishali , Müller Katrin , Lambert Katrin , Alexopoulou Dimitra , Dahl Andreas , Stöter Martin , Bickle Marc , Shayegi Nona , Hampe Jochen , Stölzel Friedrich , Brand Michael , von Bonin Malte , Bornhäuser Martin
Published: September 2017

The identification of small molecules that either increase the number and/or enhance the activity of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hHSPCs) duringex vivoexpansion remains challenging. We used an unbiasedin vivochemical screen in a transgenic (c-myb:EGFP) zebrafish embryo model and identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), particularly valproic acid (VPA), as significant enhancers of the number of phenotypic HSPCs, bothin vivoand duringex vivoexpansion. The long-term functionality of these expanded hHSPCs was verified in a xenotransplantation model with NSG mice. Interestingly, VPA increased CD34+cell adhesion to primary mesenchymal stromal cells and reduced theirin vitrochemokine-mediated migration capacity. In line with this, VPA-treated human CD34+cells showed reduced homing and early engraftment in a xenograft transplant model, but retained their long-term engraftment potentialin vivo, and maintained their differentiation ability bothin vitroandin vivo. In summary, our data demonstrate that certain HDACIs lead to a net expansion of hHSPCs with retained long-term engraftment potential and could be further explored as candidate compounds to amplifyex-vivoengineered peripheral blood stem cells.
Stepwise Evolution Improves Identification of Diverse Peptides Binding to a Protein Target
Authors: Lyamichev Victor I. , Goodrich Lauren E. , Sullivan Eric H. , Bannen Ryan M. , Benz Joerg , Albert Thomas J. , Patel Jigar J.
Published: September 2017

Considerable efforts have been made to develop technologies for selection of peptidic molecules that act as substrates or binders to a protein of interest. Here we demonstrate the combination of rational peptide array library design, parallel screening and stepwise evolution, to discover novel peptide hotspots. These hotspots can be systematically evolved to create high-affinity, high-specificity binding peptides to a protein target in a reproducible and digitally controlled process. The method can be applied to synthesize both linear and cyclic peptides, as well as peptides composed of natural and non-natural amino acid analogs, thereby enabling screens in a much diverse chemical space. We apply this method to stepwise evolve peptide binders to streptavidin, a protein studied for over two decades and report novel peptides that mimic key interactions of biotin to streptavidin.
Modeling the transformation of atmospheric CO2into microalgal biomass
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Fahad , Vogt Frank
Published: September 2017

Marine phytoplankton acts as a considerable sink of atmospheric CO2as it sequesters large quantities of this greenhouse gas for biomass production.
An RGB color-tunable turn-on electrofluorochromic device and its potential for information encryption
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Li Wen , Li Wanru , Gu Chang , Zheng Hongzhi , Wang Yuyang , Zhang Yu-Mo , Li Minjie , Xiao-An Zhang Sean
Published: September 2017

RGB color-tunable electrofluorochromic devices with a turn-on mode were fabricated successfully and applied for the first time in encrypted information storage and display.
The catalytic effect of H2O on the hydrolysis of CO32−in hydrated clusters and its implication in the humidity driven CO2air capture
Authors: Xiao Hang , Shi Xiaoyang , Zhang Yayun , Liao Xiangbiao , Hao Feng , Lackner Klaus S. , Chen Xi
Published: September 2017

Incomplete hydration shells facilitate the hydrolysis of CO32−to be not only thermodynamically favorable but also kinetically favorable.
Polyethyleneimine methylphosphonate: towards the design of a new class of macromolecular actinide chelating agents in the case of human exposition
Authors: Lahrouch Florian , Sofronov Oleksandr , Creff Gaëlle , Rossberg André , Hennig Christoph , Den Auwer Christophe , Di Giorgio Chirstophe
Published: September 2017

Methylphosphonated polyethyleneimine as an interesting candidate to act as a new class of uranyl and plutonium (thorium) decorporation agents.
Water excellent solvent for the synthesis of bifunctionalized cyclopentenones from furfural
Authors: Nardi M. , Costanzo P. , De Nino A. , Di Gioia M. L. , Olivito F. , Sindona G. , Procopio A.
Published: September 2017

The transformation of furfural into functionalized cyclopentenone derivatives is a smart process to advance the sustainable synthesis of important chemicals from biomass.
Photochemical generation and trapping of 3-oxacyclohexyne
Authors: Fan Rui , Wen Yuewei , Thamattoor Dasan M.
Published: September 2017

The strained heterocyclic alkyne, 3-oxacyclohexyne, has been generated for the first time by a photochemical route.
Structural basis of interstrand cross-link repair by O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase
Authors: Denisov Alexey Y. , McManus Francis P. , O'Flaherty Derek K. , Noronha Anne M. , Wilds Christopher J.
Published: September 2017

Conformation of the alkylene lesion may play a role in interstrand cross-link repair byO6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferases.
8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine and abasic site tandem lesions are oxidation prone yielding hydantoin products that strongly destabilize duplex DNA
Authors: Fleming Aaron M. , Burrows Cynthia J.
Published: September 2017

8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine in a tandem lesion context is two orders of magnitude more susceptible to oxidation than in a context of native DNA yielding hydantoin products.
Bond dissociation energy controlled σ-bond metathesis in alkaline-earth-metal hydride catalyzed dehydrocoupling of amines and boranes: a theoretical study
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Shan Chunhui , Li Yingzi , Qi Xiaotian , Luo Xiaoling , Bai Ruopeng , Lan Yu
Published: September 2017

Alkaline-earth-metal could catalyse the dehydrocoupling procedure of N–H and B–H bond due to the low Ae–H bond energy. The direct σ-bond metathesis procedure is proved to be unfavourable.
The origin of Mo promotion during H2 pretreatment on an Fe catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Li Liping , Hu Caixia , Liu Wen , Fei Peng , Cui Xiaojing , Li Yongwang , Xu Jian
Published: September 2017

The Mo promotion on Fischer–Tropsch Fe catalysts is related to Mo dispersion on Fe surface during H2 pretreatment. The resulting strong Fe–Mo interaction disfavors the activation of CO molecules on active Fe sites and consequently reduced the intrinsic activity.
Bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron granulated electrodes for industrial wastewater remediation
Authors: Chi Zexu , Wang Zhen , Chu Huanqing , Bin Pingping , Lucian Lucia
Published: September 2017

Bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (B-nZVI) granulated electrodes were synthesized for remediation of pulp and paper wastewater as part of a three-dimensional (3D) electrode system.
A thermal-fluid coupling numerical study on the characteristics of air–oil two phase flow and heat transfer in a micro UAV bearing chamber
Authors: Lu Peng , Zheng Xingwen , Li Wei , Yang Peijie , Huang Hulin , Yu Yezhen
Published: September 2017

Thermal-fluid coupling characteristics of the air–oil two phase flow in a micro UAV bearing chamber are investigated.
Fabrication of single Pt@Au nanowire electrodes for monitoring hydrogen peroxide released from living cells
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Yaoyao , Hua Hongmei , Li Yongxin
Published: September 2017

Single Pt@AuNWEs were fabricated by a Cu UPD/Pt redox replacement technique, and were applied to monitoring H2O2 released from living cells.
Facile fabrication of polyaniline@γ-MnOOH on a buckypaper ternary composite electrode for free-standing supercapacitors
Authors: Xia Lichen , Pan Lujun , Asif Muhammad , Zhang Dongmei , Usman Muhammad , Yang Shuaitao , Zhou Nan , Hu Yunping , Bin Yuezhen
Published: September 2017

Ternary composites as electrode materials have attracted extensive attention. Herein, we demonstrated a facile two-step method to construct a new hierarchical nanocomposite by combing buckypaper (BP) with γ-MnOOH nanorods and polyaniline.
Plasmonic enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances of 1D coaxial Ag@Ag2S hybrids
Authors: Zhang Nan , Li Mingjie , Tan Chuan Fu , Nuo Peh Connor Kang , Sum Tze Chien , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: September 2017

The contribution of Ag SPR to the enhancement of photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activities of the Ag@Ag2S nanowires has been elucidated.
Substrate-integrated core–shell Co3O4@Au@CuO hybrid nanowires as efficient cathode materials for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors with excellent cycle life
Authors: Singh Ashutosh K. , Sarkar Debasish
Published: September 2017

Designing Co3O4@Au@CuO core–shell nanowire cathode for a high-performance α-Fe2O3//Co3O4@Au@CuO hybrid asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs).
The Effect of Stimulus Variability on Learning and Generalization of Reading in a Novel Script
Authors: Adwan-Mansour Jasmeen , Bitan Tali
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The benefit of stimulus variability for generalization of acquired skills and knowledge has been shown in motor, perceptual, and language learning but has rarely been studied in reading. We studied the effect of variable training in a novel language on reading trained and untrained words.

Method

Sixty typical adults received 2 sessions of training in reading an artificial script. Participants were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a variable training group practicing a large set of 24 words, and 2 nonvariable training groups practicing a smaller set of 12 words, with twice the number of repetitions per word.

Results

Variable training resulted in higher accuracy for both trained and untrained items composed of the same graphemes, compared to the nonvariable training. Moreover, performance on untrained items was correlated with phonemic awareness only for the nonvariable training groups.

Conclusions

High stimulus variability increases the reliance on small unit decoding in adults reading in a novel script, which is beneficial for both familiar and novel words. These results show that the statistical properties of the input during reading acquisition influence the type of acquired knowledge and have theoretical and practical implications for planning efficient reading instruction methods.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5302195
Analysis and optimisation of modulation strategy based on dual‐phase‐shift for modular multilevel high‐frequency‐link DC transformer in medium‐voltage DC distribution network
Authors: Wang Yu , Song Qiang , Zhao Biao , Li Jianguo , Sun Qianhao , Liu Wenhua
Published: September 2017

DC/DC converters are crucial in DC distribution networks for converting voltage and interconnecting different voltage links. The modular multilevel high‐frequency‐link DC transformer (MDCT), which employs multiplex conversion principle and provides many advantages, realises voltage conversion, power transfer and electrical isolation between links in medium‐voltage DC distribution networks. To improve the performance of MDCT, this study investigates the modulation with the phase‐shift strategy and its influence on current stress, power characteristic and efficiency characteristic of MDCT. Besides, to simultaneously achieve an optimal solution for both current stress and efficiency characteristics of MDCT, an optimal modulation strategy based on dual‐phase‐shift is proposed. Finally, an MDCT prototype is constructed and experimental results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the analysis and proposed scheme.
Robust and fast sliding‐mode control for a DC–DC current‐source parallel‐resonant converter
Authors: Moradi Ghahderijani Mohammad , Castilla Miguel , Momeneh Arash , Miret Jaume , García de Vicuña Luis
Published: September 2017

Modern DC–DC resonant converters are normally built around a voltage‐source series‐resonant converter. This study aims to facilitate the practical use of current‐source parallel‐resonant converters due to their outstanding properties. To this end, this study presents a sliding‐mode control scheme, which provides the following features to the closed‐loop system: (i) high robustness to external disturbances and parameter variations and (ii) fast transient response during large and abrupt load changes. In addition, a design procedure for determining the values of the control parameters is presented. The theoretical contributions of this study are experimentally validated by selected tests on a laboratory prototype.
Motion compensation for high‐frequency surface wave radar on a floating platform
Authors: Gill Eric W. , Ma Yue , Huang Weimin
Published: September 2017

A method for mitigating antenna motion effects in high‐frequency radar Doppler spectra developed from ocean backscatter is proposed. On the basis of the established radar cross‐section models for a fixed antenna and for an antenna on a floating platform, the relationship between these models is examined. Through this relationship, motion compensation can be achieved by deconvolving the radar cross‐section data with the derived transfer function. Four different deconvolution methods are illustrated and discussed in this study. Calculations involving a radar cross‐section model, incorporating external noise, for an antenna on a floating platform are conducted in order to simulate field data and to examine this motion compensation method. The external noise is characterised as a white Gaussian zero‐mean process. By using this newly developed radar cross‐section model with external noise, motion compensation results under different sea states are examined. The outcomes indicate that an iterative Tikhonov regularisation deconvolution technique is superior to the other compensation methods implemented in this study.
Improved patch‐based NLM PolSAR speckle filter based on iteratively re‐weighted least squares method
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Panigrahi Rajib Kumar
Published: September 2017

The non‐local means filters are popular and effective in speckle filtering as well as preservation of subtle details but have certain limitations. The limitation of NLM filter is its biased estimation in case of excessive speckle noise. Also, the similarity measure which preserves polarimetric or scattering property of data is the matter of interest in recent works. In this paper, a speckle filtering technique is presented which apart from reducing speckle noise, preserves polarimetric property, fine structures of the polarimetric SAR data and leads to an unbiased estimation in excessive noise. The filtering method adjusts weights iteratively, such that norm of distances is minimized. The proposed method is validated over two real PolSAR datasets (captured over San Fransisco Bay, USA & Mumbai coastal area, India by RADARSAT‐2) and a synthesized SAR image. The qualitative and quantitative performance analysis is presented for the proposed method in terms of visual appearance of span, RGB PolSAR images, ENL and B‐index. The proposed method is also evaluated for PSNR and SSIM on synthesized SAR image. It is found that the proposed method performs better than NLM filter and can be considered as a good alternative to NLM filters.
Synthesis of Benzamide Derivatives by the Reaction of Arenes and Isocyanides through a C–H Bond Activation Strategy
Authors: Khalaj Mehdi , Taherkhani Mahboubeh , Mousavi-Safavi Seyed , Akbari Jafar
Published: September 2017

A carbon–carbon bond formation reaction between isocyanides and benzene derivatives is reported. In contrast to traditional cross-coupling reactions, which require aryl halides or pseudohalides, we use a palladium catalyst to generate the aryl–palladium through C–H bond activation of arenes. This method offers an attractive approach to a range of benzamides from readily accessible benzene derivatives.
Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression between Cartilage and Menisci in Early-Phase Osteoarthritis of the Knee—An Animal Model Study
Authors: Endo Jun , Akagi Ryuichiro , Muramatsu Yuta , Watanabe Atsuya , Akatsu Yorikazu , Fukawa Taisuke , Tahara Masamichi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Sasho Takahisa
Published: September 2017

Cartilage degeneration is believed to be the primary event in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). On the other hand, meniscal degeneration is observed with high prevalence, and some researchers have pointed out that pathological changes in menisci precede that of cartilage. The purpose of the present study is to investigate comprehensive gene expression pattern of cartilage and menisci in the initial phase of surgically induced OA and to compare them. Secondary OA was surgically induced in 10-week-old male Wistar rats by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Articular cartilage and menisci were separately dissected from six ACLT- and six sham-operated rats. Each specimen was analyzed by microarray, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis 3 weeks after surgery.
Of the 36,685 transcripts detectable by microarray, the number of upregulated transcripts in ACLT menisci was >2.5-fold compared with that in ACLT menisci in any given threshold. Cluster analysis using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) showed genes related to OA, such as response to stimulus, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, which were predominantly found in menisci in ACLT rats. Representative proteases including Adamts2, 4, Mmp2, 12, 13, 14, 16, extracellular matrix genes including versican (Vcan), lumican (Lum), syndecan1 (Sdc1), and Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase2 (Ptgs2) were up-regulated in menisci, but were not up-regulated in cartilage. Our results indicated that the molecular changes that occurred in menisci preceded those occurred in cartilage in the very early phase of surgically induced OA models.
Talonavicular Coalition as a Cause of Foot Pain
Authors: Macera Armando , Teodonno Francesca , Carulli Christian , Frances Borrego Alberto , Innocenti Massimo
Published: September 2017

Tarsal coalitions have an incidence of 2% and are often underdiagnosed. These are considered to be one of the causes of chronic ankle and foot pain. Among all tarsal coalitions, the talonavicular type represents a rare and uncommon condition. The purpose of this article was to present the case of a 35-year-old male patient with a bilateral talonavicular coalition treated conservatively. A review of the literature was also performed to understand the management of this rare condition.
E-Learning in der Physiotherapie – Motiviert digital lernen
Authors: Ledergerber Cécile , Camenisch Andrea
Published: September 2017

Digitales Lernen kombiniert mit Präsenzunterricht allein bringt noch keinen Lernprozess in Gang. Lehrende der Zürcher Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) haben über mehrere Jahre ihre elektronischen Lernangebote evaluiert und optimiert. Sie geben wertvolle Tipps für Nachahmer.
Herausforderung Dauerpatient – Cave! Termin Nr. 52
Authors: Runge Nils
Published: September 2017

Nicht immer ist eine Behandlung nach einem oder zwei Rezepten abgeschlossen. Manche Patienten brauchen langfristig oder gar ihr Leben lang Therapie. Zur therapeutischen Kunst gehört es, schon präventiv Chronifizierungsprozessen entgegenzuwirken. Dafür sollten Therapeuten mit Bedacht kommunizieren und dafür sorgen, dass ihre Patienten ein gesundes Verhältnis zu regelmäßiger Bewegung behalten oder entwickeln.
Interview mit Bodybuilder Tony Milano – „Der Sport gibt Struktur, wenn es einem an Halt fehlt“
Authors: Hage Kathrin
Published: September 2017

Sich mit Muskelmännern und -frauen fotografieren zu lassen, ist auf der FIBO fast schon ein Muss. Auch unsere Redakteurin Kathrin Hage nahm dieses Jahr nach dem Physiotag noch schnell ein Foto von Köln mit nach Hause. Hinterher stellte sie fest, dass der Mann neben ihr in der Szene recht bekannt ist. So nahm sie Kontakt zu Natural Bodybuilder Tony Milano auf und ließ sich von ihm die Welt der Muskelmassen erklären.
Sinnvolle Steroidprophylaxe bei drohender Frühgeburt – State of the art
Authors: Stavropoulou Dimitra , Hentschel Roland
Published: September 2017

Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, anhand der aktuellen Literatur eine Übersicht über die zurzeit geltenden Empfehlungen zur sinnvollen Lungenreife-Induktionstherapie zu geben. Fokussiert wird insbesondere auf spezielle Situationen, wie die Chorioamnionitis, die intrauterine Wachstumsretardierung und die Präeklampsie, die gehäuft zu einer Frühgeburt führen. Zusätzlich werden Aspekte der antenatalen Steroidtherapie erläutert, die trotz der weit verbreiteten Anwendung noch einer Klärung bedürfen. Darunter fällt insbesondere die repetitive Gabe der Steroidtherapie. Anhand der Cochrane Analyse vom 2015 werden Vor- und Nachteile für die Kinder und die Schwangeren erläutert. Ungenügend sind weiterhin die Daten über die Anwendung der antenatalen Steroidtherapie bei Mehrlingsschwangerschaften.
Biologische Rekonstruktion lokalisiert vollschichtiger Knorpelschäden des Hüftgelenks: Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Klinische Geweberegeneration“ der DGOU und des Hüftkomitees der AGA
Authors: Fickert Stefan , Aurich Matthias , Albrecht Dirk , Angele Peter , Büchler Lorenz , Dienst Michael , Erggelet Christoph , Fritz Jürgen , Gebhart Christoph , Gollwitzer Hans , Kindler Moritz , Lampert Christoph , Madry Henning , Möckel Gregor , Niemeyer Phillip , Schröder Jörg , Sobau Christian , Spahn Gunter , Zinser Wolfgang , Landgraeber Stefan
Published: September 2017

Hintergrund Symptomatisch präarthrotische Deformitäten wie das femoroazetabuläre Impingement (FAI) oder die Hüftdysplasie führen häufig zu lokalisierten Knorpeldefekten und nachfolgend zur Entstehung einer Koxarthrose. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die derzeitigen Methoden und Erkenntnisse zur Diagnose und operativen Behandlung von Knorpelläsionen dargestellt, um hieraus geeignete Therapieempfehlungen für das Hüftgelenk abzuleiten.

Material und Methoden Übersichtsarbeit zur Ätiologie und Therapie von Knorpelschäden am Hüftgelenk unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur mit Darstellung der Studienlage und der Diskussion von Vor- und Nachteilen verschiedener operativer Verfahren zum Gelenkerhalt.

Ergebnisse In den meisten der bisher publizierten Studien zur operativen Behandlung von Knorpelschäden des Hüftgelenks wurden Defekte behandelt, die am Azetabulum durch ein FAI vom Cam-Typ ausgelöst werden. Ihre Entstehung kann durch rechtzeitige Beseitigung der pathologisch relevanten Deformitäten verhindert werden. Für die Therapie bereits bestehender vollschichtiger Knorpelläsionen werden derzeit fast ausschließlich knochenmarkstimulierende Techniken und die matrixgekoppelte autologe Knorpelzelltransplantation (MACT) eingesetzt. Für die Hüfte existieren zu diesen Verfahren bisher nur Studien auf geringem Evidenzniveau, was vor allem in der noch jungen Historie der Knorpelchirurgie in diesem Gelenk begründet ist. Allerdings ist schon jetzt zu erkennen, dass sich einige Erfahrungen mit den genannten Methoden vom Knie auf die Hüfte übertragen lassen.

Schlussfolgerung Bei umschriebenen und vollschichtigen Knorpelschäden ab 1,5 – 2 cm2 stellt die MACT das zu bevorzugende Therapieverfahren dar, sofern keine wesentliche Gelenkdegeneration besteht. Ähnlich wie im Knie kann keine gesicherte obere Altersgrenze für einen gelenkerhaltenden Eingriff oder eine MACT im Hüftgelenk festgelegt werden, da das numerische nicht zwangsläufig mit dem biologischen Patientenalter bzw. Gelenkzustand korreliert. Wie für andere Gelenke auch, sind Langzeitbeobachtungen und die Durchführung prospektiv randomisierter Studien anzuraten.
Risk of colorectal cancer after a negative colonoscopy in low-to-moderate risk individuals: impact of a 10-year colonoscopy
Authors: Murthy Sanjay , Dubé Catherine , Rostom Alaa , Benchimol Eric , Ducharme Robin , Sutradhar Rinku , Rabeneck Linda , Paszat Lawrence , Tinmouth Jill
Published: September 2017

Background and study aims National societies recommend colorectal cancer (CRC) screening 10 years after a normal (“negative”) colonoscopy in low-risk individuals. We studied the impact of a 10-year repeat colonoscopy on the risk of early incident CRC.

Patients and methods We used health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, to conduct a population-based retrospective cohort study in 50 – 74-year-old individuals at low-to-moderate risk of CRC who had a negative colonoscopy between 1996 and 2001. We approximated exposure to repeat colonoscopy using an 8 – 12-year window. We excluded individuals who underwent lower endoscopy or colectomy, developed CRC, or were lost to follow-up between the baseline and repeat colonoscopies. We matched exposed individuals 1:1 to individuals who did not undergo lower endoscopy within 12 years for age, sex, and calendar year of baseline colonoscopy, and followed matched pairs for incident CRC. The primary analysis was multivariable hazards regression, adjusting for competing risks.

Results A total of 13 350 matched pairs were observed for a median of 4.5 years (interquartile range 3.2 – 5.9 years). The cumulative probability of CRC following the matching date was 0.70 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.42 % – 1.11 %) in individuals who underwent repeat colonoscopy and 0.77 % (95 %CI 0.48 % – 1.2 %) in individuals who did not undergo repeat colonoscopy. The adjusted hazard ratio for CRC was 0.91 (95 %CI 0.68 – 1.22).

Conclusions We did not find an association between a second colonoscopy performed 10 years after a negative colonoscopy and early incident CRC. Our findings support the need for further studies on the utility of 10-year re-screening with colonoscopy in this setting.
Die EXIT-Prozedur – eine Option bei der Erstversorgung von Kindern mit schwerem Hydrops fetalis und beidseitigem Hydrothorax
Authors: Koch Sandra , Essers Jochen , Beringer Ortraud , Reister Frank , Hummler Helmut , Moewes Anja
Published: September 2017

Die EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment)-Prozedur ist ein etabliertes Verfahren der Atemwegssicherung, ursprünglich angewendet bei der Entbindung von Feten mit angeborenen obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen (Tumore im Halsbereich, Hygrome, sogenanntes congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)). Mittlerweile wird das Verfahren auch bei ausgeprägten Zwerchfellhernien oder anderen speziellen Indikationen (EXIT to ECMO, kongenitale Lungen-Atemwegsmalformationen (CCAM)), Pulmonalatresie) in großen Perinatalzentren durchgeführt. Wir stellen unsere Erfahrungen mit adaptiertem EXIT-Verfahren bei 5 Frühgeborenen mit sekundär generalisiertem Hydrops fetalis und ausgeprägten beidseitigen Hydrothoraces vor.
Infiltrating Mammary Duct Adenocarcinoma in the Right Labia Majora Along the Milk-Line
Authors: Torky Haitham , Elshenawy Anwar , Eesa Ahmed
Published: September 2017

Introduction Breast tissue rarely arises from the vulva and malignancy might develop in it.

Case Thirty-eight-year-old woman presented with a suspicious ulcer in the right labia majora discovered accidently and removed by wide local excision. Histopathology revealed infiltrating mammary duct adenocarcinoma along the milk line. Immunohistochemistry was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and equivocal overexpression for HER2 protein with a score of 2+. Metastatic work-up was clear. Inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged and lymphadenectomy done which showed positive lymph nodes on the right side and none on the left. She is receiving adjuvant therapy.

Conclusion Mammary duct carcinoma along the nipple line is rare but should be considered when dealing with suspicious vulvar lesions.
Temperature independent electrostrictive coefficients of K0.95Li0.05Ta0.73Nb0.27O3 single crystals
Authors: Kawamura S. , Imai T. , Sakamoto T.
Published: September 2017

The temperature dependence of the electrostrictive coefficients (Q11 and Q12) of K0.95Li0.05Ta0.73Nb0.27O3 single crystals, which were applied to electro-optical devices, was measured to calculate precisely the refractive index modulation. To measure the electrostrictive coefficients accurately, we prevented electron injection by employing Pt electrodes. We also determined the electric field range applied to the sample by measuring P-E curves to avoid the field induced phase transition. The experimental results showed that both Q11 and Q12 were temperature independent and had values of approximately 0.070 and −0.026 m4/C2, respectively. These results differed from a previous study of KTa0.55Nb0.45O3, which revealed an anomalous temperature dependence. The reason for the different results is discussed.
Imaging optical fields below metal films and metal-dielectric waveguides by a scanning microscope
Authors: Zhu Liangfu , Wang Yong , Zhang Douguo , Wang Ruxue , Qiu Dong , Wang Pei , Ming Hai , Badugu Ramachandram , Rosenfeld Mary , Lakowicz Joseph R.
Published: September 2017

Laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCM) is now an important method for tissue and cell imaging when the samples are located on the surfaces of glass slides. In the past decade, there has been extensive development of nano-optical structures that display unique effects on incident and transmitted light, which will be used with novel configurations for medical and consumer products. For these applications, it is necessary to characterize the light distribution within short distances from the structures for efficient detection and elimination of bulky optical components. These devices will minimize or possibly eliminate the need for free-space light propagation outside of the device itself. We describe the use of the scanning function of a LSCM to obtain 3D images of the light intensities below the surface of nano-optical structures. More specifically, we image the spatial distributions inside the substrate of fluorescence emission coupled to waveguide modes after it leaks through thin metal films or dielectric-coated metal films. The observed spatial distribution were in general agreement with far-field calculations, but the scanning images also revealed light intensities at angles not observed with classical back focal plane imaging. Knowledge of the subsurface optical intensities will be crucial in the combination of nano-optical structures with rapidly evolving imaging detectors.
Tunable positive and negative group delays of light reflection from layer structures with a graphene layer
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Li-Gang , Zubairy M. Suhail
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we investigate the propagation of a light pulse reflection from the layer system with a graphene layer. We show a tunable transition between positive and negative group delays of optical pulse reflection in such a layered system controlled by the properties of the graphene layer and reveal two mechanisms to control the propagation properties of the light pulse reflected from such systems. It is demonstrated that the reflected group delays are tunable from positive to negative values in both mechanisms of resonances and the excitations of surface plasmon resonances, which are also adjusted by tuning the Fermi energy and temperature of the graphene layer. Our results are helpful to control the pulse propagations and are useful for design of graphene-based optical devices.
Modified magnetic anisotropy at LaCoO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 interfaces
Authors: Cabero M. , Nagy K. , Gallego F. , Sander A. , Rio M. , Cuellar F. A. , Tornos J. , Hernandez-Martin D. , Nemes N. M. , Mompean F. , Garcia-Hernandez M. , Rivera-Calzada A. , Sefrioui Z. , Reyren N. , Feher T. , Varela M. , Leon C. , Santamaria J.
Published: September 2017

Controlling magnetic anisotropy is an important objective towards engineering novel magnetic device concepts in oxide electronics. In thin film manganites, magnetic anisotropy is weak and it is primarily determined by the substrate, through induced structural distortions resulting from epitaxial mismatch strain. On the other hand, in cobaltites, with a stronger spin orbit interaction, magnetic anisotropy is typically much stronger. In this paper, we show that interfacing La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) with an ultrathin LaCoO3 (LCO) layer drastically modifies the magnetic anisotropy of the manganite, making it independent of the substrate and closer to the magnetic isotropy characterizing its rhombohedral structure. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements evidence a tendency of manganite magnetic moments to point out-of-plane suggesting non collinear magnetic interactions at the interface. These results may be of interest for the design of oxide interfaces with tailored magnetic structures for new oxide devices.
Systemic adiponectin treatment reverses polycystic ovary syndrome-like features in an animal model
Authors: Singh Anusha , Bora Puran , Krishna Amitabh
Published: September 2017

The present study examined the efficacy of adiponectin for regulating the reproductive, metabolic and fertility status of mice with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS was induced in prepubertal (21- to 22-day-old) mice using dehydroepiandrosterone (6 mg 100 g−1 day−1 for 25 days), after which mice were administered either a low or high dose of adiponectin (5 or 15 µg mL−1, s.c., respectively). PCOS mice exhibited typical features, including the presence of numerous cystic follicles, increased circulating androgens, increased body mass, altered steroidogenesis, decreased insulin receptor expression and increased serum triglycerides, serum glucose, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (a marker of inflammation) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; a marker of angiogenesis). These parameters were significantly correlated with a reduction in adiponectin in PCOS mice compared with vehicle-treated control mice. Exogenous adiponectin treatment of PCOS mice restored body mass and circulating androgen, triglyceride and glucose levels. Adiponectin also restored ovarian expression of steroidogenic markers (LH receptors, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), insulin receptor, TLR-4 and VEGF levels in control mice. Adiponectin restored ovulation in PCOS mice, as indicated by the presence of a corpus luteum and attainment of pregnancy. These findings suggest that adiponectin effectively facilitates fertility in anovulatory PCOS. We hypothesise that systemic adiponectin treatment may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of PCOS.
Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015
Authors: Yan Yu , Shao Dongdong , Gu Wei , Liu Chengyu , Li Qian , Chao Jinlong , Tao Jun , Xu Yingjun
Published: September 2017

Despite the backdrop of continuous global warming, sea ice extent has been found not to consistently decrease across the globe, and instead exhibit heterogeneous variability at middle to high latitudes. However, the existing studies are focused primarily on high latitude frozen seas, while studies on the long-term variability of sea ice cover at middle latitudes are generally lacking. Afforded by continuous satellite imagery, evolution of sea ice cover over nearly three decades from 1988 to 2015 in the Bohai Sea as a peculiar mid-latitude frozen sea area is reported for the first time. An anomalous trend of slight overall increase of 1.38 ± 1.00% yr–1 (R = 1.38, i.e. at a statistical significance of 80%) in Bohai Sea ice extent was observed over the 28 year period. The detrended annual average ice area (AAIA) was further found to correlate with a slight decreasing mean ice-period average temperature (IAT, r = –0.58, p < 0.01) of 11 meteorological stations around the Bohai Sea as well as a mild increasing cumulative freezing degree days (CFDD, r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Correlation with decreasing Arctic Oscillation (AO) index (r = –0.60, p < 0.01) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index (r = –0.69, p < 0.01) over the study period suggested AO and NAO as the primary large-scale climate factors for Bohai Sea ice. In addition, the seasonal cycle of ice cover showed a single peak with longer freezing phase than melting phase, due to the different temperature change rate during the freezing and melting phases. The results can provide important references for monitoring the recent climate change in the region and beyond.
Was it worthwhile? Where have the benefits of rooftop solar photovoltaic generation exceeded the cost?
Authors: Vaishnav Parth , Horner Nathaniel , Azevedo Inês L
Published: September 2017

We estimate the lifetime magnitude and distribution of the private and public benefits and costs of currently installed distributed solar PV systems in the United States. Using data for recently-installed systems, we estimate the balance of benefits and costs associated with installing a non-utility solar PV system today. We also study the geographical distribution of the various subsidies that are made available to owners of rooftop solar PV systems, and compare it to distributions of population and income. We find that, after accounting for federal subsidies and local rebates and assuming a discount rate of 7%, the private benefits of new installations will exceed private costs only in seven of the 19 states for which we have data and only if customers can sell excess power to the electric grid at the retail price. These states are characterized by abundant sunshine (California, Texas and Nevada) or by high electricity prices (New York). Public benefits from reduced air pollution and climate change impact exceed the costs of the various subsidies offered system owners for less than 10% of the systems installed, even assuming a 2% discount rate. Subsidies flowed disproportionately to counties with higher median incomes in 2006. In 2014, the distribution of subsidies was closer to that of population income, but subsidies still flowed disproportionately to the better-off. The total, upfront, subsidy per kilowatt of installed capacity has fallen from $5200 in 2006 to $1400 in 2014, but the absolute magnitude of subsidy has soared as installed capacity has grown explosively. We see considerable differences in the balance of costs and benefits even within states, indicating that local factors such as system price and solar resource are important, and that policies (e.g. net metering) could be made more efficient by taking local conditions into account.
Strong magnetic field generated by the extreme oxygen-rich red supergiant VY Canis Majoris
Authors: Shinnaga Hiroko , Claussen Mark J. , Yamamoto Satoshi , Shimojo Masumi
Published: September 2017

Evolved stars experience high mass-loss rates forming thick circumstellar envelopes (CSEs). The circumstellar material is made of the result of stellar nucleosynthesis and, as such, plays a crucial role in the chemical evolution of galaxies and the universe. Since asymmetric geometries of CSEs are common, and with very complex structures for some cases, radiative pressure from the stars can explain only a small portion of the mass-loss processes; thus the essential driving mechanism is still unknown, particularly for high-mass stars. Here we report on magnetic field measurements associated with the well-known extreme red supergiant (RSG) VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). We measured the linear polarization and the Zeeman splitting of the SiO v = 0, J = 1–0 transition using a sensitive radio interferometer. The measured magnetic field strengths are surprisingly high; their upper limits range between 150 and 650 G within 530 au (∼80 R*) of the star. The lower limit of the field strength is expected to be at least ∼10 G based on the high degree of linear polarization. Since the field strengths are very high, the magnetic field must be a key element in understanding the stellar evolution of VY CMa, as well as the dynamical and chemical evolution of the complex CSE of the star. M-type RSGs, with large stellar surface, were thought to be very slow rotators. This would seem to make a dynamo in operation difficult, and would also dilute any fossil magnetic field. At least for VY CMa, we expect that powerful dynamo processes must still be active to generate the intense magnetic field.
A Systematic Review of NMDA Receptor Antagonists for Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Clinical Practice
Authors: Aiyer Rohit , Mehta Neel , Gungor Semih , Gulati Amitabh
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To investigate the efficacy of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists for neuropathic pain (NeuP) and review literature to determine if specific pharmacologic agents provide adequate NeuP relief.

Methods:

Literature was reviewed on PubMed using a variety of key words for 8 NMDAR antagonists. These key words include: “Ketamine and Neuropathy,” “Ketamine and Neuropathic Pain,” “Methadone and Neuropathy,” “Methadone and Neuropathic Pain,” “Memantine and Neuropathic pain,” “Memantine and Neuropathy,” “Amantadine and Neuropathic Pain,” “Amantadine and Neuropathy,” “Dextromethorphan and Neuropathic Pain,” “Dextromethorphan and Neuropathy,” “Carbamazepine and Neuropathic Pain,” “Carbamazepine and Neuropathy,” “Valproic Acid and Neuropathy,” “Valproic Acid and Neuropathic Pain,” “Phenytoin and Neuropathy,” and “Phenytoin and Neuropathic Pain.” With the results, the papers were reviewed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting in Systematic and Meta-Analyses) guideline.

Results:

A total of 58 randomized controlled trials were reviewed among 8 pharmacologic agents, which are organized by date and alphabetical order. Of the trials for ketamine, 15 showed some benefit for analgesia. Methadone had 3 positive trials, while amantadine and memantine each only had 2 trials showing NeuP analgesic properties. Dextromethorphan and valproic acid both had 4 randomized controlled trials that showed some NeuP treatment benefit while carbamazepine had over 8 trials showing efficacy. Finally, phenytoin only had 1 trial that showed clinical response in treatment.

Conclusions:

There are a variety of NMDAR antagonist agents that should be considered for treatment of NeuP. Nevertheless, continued and further investigation of the 8 pharmacologic agents is needed to continue to evaluate their efficacy for treatment of NeuP.
Adding Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Before Occipital Nerve Stimulation in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Yoo Hye Bin , Ost Jan , Joos Wim , Van Havenbergh Tony , De Ridder Dirk , Vanneste Sven
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a type of chronic musculoskeletal pain without a clear peripheral origin of nociception, often associated with depression. The underlying pathophysiology involves changes in a functional network that is related to pain and emotional processing in the central nervous system. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the occipital nerve (ON) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique capable of improving fibromyalgia symptoms. This study aims to test the effect of combining 2 targets of stimulation using tDCS.

Materials and Methods:

We applied ON-tDCS in isolation or coupled with pre-ONS right-anode bifrontal tDCS and assessed its effect on fibromyalgia using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and Numeric Rating Scale for pain scores. These measures were compared with a sham control group using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results:

The interaction effect of stimulation trials and the protocols of sham versus ON-tDCS were significant for the impact, distress, and pain caused by fibromyalgia (P<0.05). The interaction effect of trials and protocols of sham versus ON-tDCS with bifrontal tDCS was significant for distress (P<0.01), and it showed a trend of improvement for impact and pain (P<0.1). On the basis of the nonsignificant interaction effect of ON-tDCS versus ON-tDCS with bifrontal tDCS (P>0.1), adding bifrontal tDCS was found not to improve the treatment effect of ON-tDCS in any of the tested clinical outcome measures.

Discussion:

This study suggests that adding right-anode bifrontal tDCS to ONS has no added benefit in improving fibromyalgia-related symptoms.