bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Characteristics Turning Processing for Want of Management by an Elastic Deformed Condition
Authors: Świć Antoni , Zubrzycki Jarosław , Gola Arkadiusz
Published: July 2016

For an accepted physical model with allowance of cutting “on a trace” phenomena, the initial mathematical model for want of processing non-rigid shafts is considered. In this model the improper rigidities of an elastic system are taken into account. In particular, pliability of a technological system on coordinate X in relation to cutting forces component on Y coordinate. Considered the individual models of dynamic system of turning machines for want of small rigidity shafts processing with management on the channel of additional managing force effects, which with a sufficient degree of an exactitude can be used in engineering accounts.
Responses of Nonlinear Electro-Mechanical Energy Harvester by Means of Recurrences
Authors: Ducharne Benjamin , Litak Grzegorz , Przywara Hubert , Sebald Gael
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We examine the modal response of an electro-mechanical energy harvesting device based oncharacterisation of the experimental time-series. Mechanical resonator consisting of a flexible beamand a tip magnet and nonlinear switching magnetic transducer defined as composite magnetic ringbased on a soft ferromagnet. To identify the dynamics of the response of the studied harvesting structure and the associated voltage and displacement output we used the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA), estimating the corresponding recurrence rates and recurrence times.
Modelling of Energy Harvesting System from Vertically Excited Magnetostrictive Beam
Authors: Borowiec Marek , Syta Arkadiusz
Published: July 2016

Recently, one can observe increasing number of small devices or sensors in many applicationsthat have to be powered by an energy which can be extracted from surroundings. Simple energyharvesting concept from mechanical vibrations of magnetostrictive materials is based on linear beamwith external excitation. In this case, the beam under load vibrates, and experiences stress or strain.This changes the beam shape which causes direction of sample magnetization (Villari effect) thatcan be captured by external coil and transferred to electrical power. In general, the higher amplitudeof beam vibrations, the higher energy can be extracted from the system. This can be achieve in thevicinity of a resonant frequency. In this paper, we propose energy harvesting model based on linearmagnetostrictive (MsM) beam with external coil. We analyse different shapes of the beam withrespect to different resonant frequencies.
Identification of Palletizing/Depalletizing Operations in Food Industry Suitable for Robotics
Authors: Hajduk Mikuláš
Published: July 2016

Paper describes palletizing and depalletizing workplaces, which are designed for automation of handling-transport operations in food production plants. First part of the paper describes handling-transport system of palletization/depalletization which is divided into four subsystems. In the second part of the paper there are identified palletizing/depalletizing operations in food industry suitable for robotics. And third part of paper describes possibilities of utilization robots for palletizing/depalletizing processes in the food industry.
Possibility of 3D Scanning Application in the Robotized Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Tuleja Peter
Published: July 2016

Contribution describes selecting and applying appropriate deployment of 3D scanners for the implementation of tasks in the realization projects. Analyzes the methods of digitizing and indexing as well as the possibility of their use for handling tasks in robotics. Well it describes the selection of a suitable 3D scanner to solve specific project.
Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of the Clay Bricks Drying in an Industrial Tunnel Dryer
Authors: Almeida G.S. , Tavares F.V.S. , Lima W.M.P.B. , Barbosa de Lima A.G.
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical study of industrial hollow bricks drying in across flow tunnel dryer. The theoretical model is based on the 1st and 2nd laws of Thermodynamic applied to the system. To validate the methodology, numerical and experimental data of the moisture content of the brick during the drying in an industrial scale are compared and a good agreement was obtained. Results of moisture content and temperature of the product and air, and energy and exergy efficiencies are presented and analysed.
Effective Properties of Pore Network Elements Derived from Reactive Transport in Individual Pores
Authors: Xiong Qing Rong , Jivkov Andrey P.
Published: July 2016

Adsorption of solutes in porous media is typically represented as an equilibrium process. The adsorption process is determined by the concentration of the solute in the fluid next to the solid grain in individual pores. The concentration near the solid surface is different from the average concentration within the pore due to the development of concentration gradients within the pore space. Simulations with pore network models are usually based on the average concentration in individual pore throats. To advance the realism of such models, we develop a relationship between pore-scale adsorption coefficients and corresponding coarse-grained adsorption parameters. A numerical scheme is proposed: firstly the solute transport within a single pore is simulated undergoing equilibrium adsorption at the pore wall, and secondly flux-averaged concentration breakthrough curves are obtained. By fitting the breakthrough curves, the coarse-grained adsorption parameters are determined from the pore-scale hydraulic and adsorption parameters.
Applying Liquid Diffusion Model for Continuous Drying of Rough Rice in Fixed Bed
Authors: Franco C.M.R. , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Silva J.V. , Nunes A.G.
Published: July 2016

Simulate the rice drying process at specific drying conditions is of great interest to optimize the process and ensure a better quality of the final product. In the present work, experimental drying procedures of rough rice grains (BRSMG CONAI variety) was reported and drying kinetic was obtained at temperature using 40°C. The results were compared with simulated data by means of the liquid diffusion model equilibrium boundary condition. The geometry used to represent the rice grain was prolate spheroid. For this purpose, the diffusion equation, written in cylindrical coordinates, and solved via Galerkin-based integral method considering the constant diffusion coefficient. A good agreement was observed between predicted and experimental data. It was also possible to observe that the highest moisture gradients occur at the tip of the grain, which is region more affected by thermal and hydric stresses. The studied model can be used to solve problems involving diffusion processes, such as: drying, wetting, heating and cooling, provided that the geometrical shape of the body is similar to prolate spheroid.
Development of Microstructure and Properties of Mg-Y-(Nd)-Zn Alloys during Heat and Mechanical Treatment
Authors: Kekule Tomáš , Kudrnova Hana , Vlach Martin , Smola Bohumil , Stulíková Ivana
Published: July 2016

This work is focused on development of microstructure and properties of Mg-Y-Zn and Mg-Y-Nd-Zn alloys during heat and mechanical treatment. In the as-cast state both alloys exhibit almost equiaxed grains with little larger size in Mg-Y-Zn alloy and grain boundaries decorated by different structures - long period ordered structure (LPSO) was detected in Mg-Y-Zn alloy and eutectics of Mg3Nd type structure in alloy with Nd addition. A high density of stacking faults is evident in both alloys. Both alloys were repeatedly isochronally heat treated from room temperature up to 440 °C. Resistivity and microhardness measurement was performed after each heating step. Stacking faults persist both annealings in both alloys and microhardness development shows no remarkable differences. LPSO in Mg-Y-Zn alloy disappears after the first annealing and was again detected after repeated annealing up to 340 °C. After the whole treatment no grain growth appeared. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement was performed at both repeatedly heated alloys up to 540 °C. There are three exothermic peaks in DSC curves of Mg-Y-Zn alloys that can be ascribed to embedding solute atoms in stacking faults, LPSO development and transformation and coarsening of grain boundary particles. DSC curves of Mg-Y-Nd-Zn alloy exhibit two exothermic peaks that probably correspond to precipitation of basal plates of γ ́and γ phase. Measurement of microhardness was performed after sequential deformation of both alloys in the as-cast state. The alloys were cold rolled in steps of 0,9 % thickness reduction up to cracks formation. Strengthening of both alloys is very similar but formation of cracks in the alloy with Nd addition begins after a lower reduction (about 11 %) compared to Mg-Y-Zn alloy (about 15 %).
The Effect of Salt Solutions in the Capillarity Absorption Coefficient of Red Brick Samples
Authors: Guimarães A.S. , Delgado J.M.P.Q. , Rego T. , de Freitas V.P.
Published: July 2016

Rising damp is one of construction’s major problems associated with use of porous materials in this industry. This mechanism has a massive influence on the degradation of historical buildings since they were built in a time when construction technologies made no effort to prevent this kind of pathologies. The rising damp by itself can reduce the aesthetical value of the building and, when combined with the existence of soluble salts in the building and in the ground water can even lead to material decomposition and compromise the structural performance of the building. This happens due to the migration of the salt ions dissolved in water into the porous network of the building’s walls where they remain and crystalize after water evaporates, dealing great pressures against the pore walls and eventually resulting in their fracture after many cycles of crystallization/dissolution.The experimental work intended to study the effect of two different saturated solutions of sodium sulphate and potassium chloride in the capillary absorption curves obtained through the partial immersion of red brick samples. In the end of this paper there will be a macroscopic evaluation of the sample’s crystallized top surface, obtained after a partial drying period. The results revealed significant differences in the capillary coefficients obtained when samples were tested with salt solutions.
Water Sorption of Vegetable Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: de Carvalho L.H. , Barbosa de Lima A.G. , Canedo E.L. , Bezerra A.F.C. , Cavalcanti W.S. , Marinho V.A.D.
Published: July 2016

Despite the ever-growing worldwide interest in the use of lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement in either thermoset or thermoplastic matrices, the use of these fibers to replace synthetic ones, is limited. The reasons for these limitations are associated with the vegetable fiber’s heterogeneity, lower compatibility to most polymers, inferior durability, flammability, poorer mechanical properties and higher moisture absorption when compared with synthetic fibers. Nevertheless, despite these drawbacks, vegetable fiber reinforced polymer composites are lighter in weight, more sustainable and can be used for non-structural products. Strategies to minimize these drawbacks include fiber and or matrix modification, the use of compatibilizers, fiber drying and the concomitant use of vegetable and synthetic fibers, for the production of hybrid composites, the latter being an unquestionable way to increment overall mechanical and thermal properties of these hybrid systems. Here we present data on the water sorption of polymer composites having thermoset and thermoplastic matrices as a function of vegetable fiber identity, content and hybridization with glass fibers. Our data indicates that, regardless if the matrix is a thermoset of a thermoplastic, water absorption tends to be relatively independent of vegetable fiber identity and to be significantly dependent of its content. Fiber drying prior to composite manufacturing and hybridization with glass fibers leads to lower overall water absorption and higher mechanical properties.
Application of Multi-Criteria Method on Alternative Energy Selection
Authors: Chadlia Amel , Berreziga Amina , Boukrouh Bahia
Published: July 2016

There are many forms of alternative energy, such as: the biomass energy, geothermal energy, hydraulic energy, wind power and solar energy. Each form has its natural characteristics and its own exploitation conditions. Thus, the choice of the best resource does not only depend on the provided energy capacity but also on other criteria. In order to select the energy to develop, our survey recommends the multi-criteria method for the best selection.
The Reduction Processes of the Titanium Containing Iron Ores Treatment
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Petukhov R.V. , Vitkina G.Yu. , Chesnokov Yu.A. , Kornilkov S.V. , Pelevin A.E.
Published: July 2016

The questions of metallurgical processing of titanium-containing ores are considered. The ores and concentrates of the Kachkanarsky deposit of low-titanous and high-titanous are studied. The reducibility, durability, temperatures of a softening and melting of metallurgical iron ore raw materials are studied in vitro. Via X-ray the structural analysis are carried out. The calculations by means of mathematical models of pyrometallurgical processes are executed. Possibility of the processing of these ores according to schemes is shown: «blast furnace melting − converter melting» and «metallization – electric melting».
Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Yadav Poonam , Lee Dong Bok
Published: July 2016

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy was oxidized isothermally and cyclically in air, and its oxidation behavior was compared with that of Ti metal. The isothermal oxidation at 800°C indicated that Ti-6Al-4V and Ti oxidized fast almost linearly, and the oxide scales that formed on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti were non-adherent. The cyclic oxidation indicated that Ti-6Al-4V oxidized faster than Ti at 600°C, and serious scale spallation occurred in Ti-6Al-4V compared to Ti at 800°C. The oxide scales that formed on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti after cyclic oxidation at 800°C delaminated into several pieces owing to excessive stress aroused by the repetitive thermal shock.
How grim is pancreatic cancer?
Authors: Weledji Elroy Patrick , Enoworock George , Mokake Martin , Sinju Motaze
Published: July 2016

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma continues to be the most lethal malignancy with rising incidence. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the western world due to its low treatment success rate. In addition, because of its rapid growth and silent course, diagnosis is often only established in the advanced stages. As one of the most aggressive malignancies, the treatment of this disease is a great challenge to clinicians. This paper reviewed the natural history of pancreatic cancer, the current clinical practice and the future in pancreatic cancer management.
Biothérapies en neurochirurgie: exemple de la maladie de Parkinson
Authors: Palfi Stéphane
Published: July 2016

Biotherapies in neurosurgery : an example in Parkinson’s disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is mainly characterized by a severe loss of substantia nigral neurons that provide dopaminergic innervation to the striatum. Although L-Dopa and dopaminergic agonists treatment provide a significant clinical benefit at the earliest stage of the disease, these drugs were soon recognized to lose some of their efficacy and generate their own adverse effects both motors and non-motors over time. One of the therapeutic challenges is to induce a more physological continuous and local release of dopamine in the striatum to avoid these adverse effects. Thus, dopamine replacement strategies using biotherapies seemed to be the next logical step, and studies were initiated over the last 30 years to explore the possibility of dopaminergic cell transplantation and gene therapy. In this review, we outline the history and the future of these therapeutic approaches to PD.
Classification moléculaire des β-lactamases de classe A et bioinformatique
Authors: Philippon Alain
Published: July 2016

Pour les biologistes, en particulier médicaux, il est devenu banal de séquencer un gène codant un mécanisme de résistance aux β-lactamines (β-lactamases). Par ailleurs, l’augmentation constante des génomes identifiés montre la large diffusion de tels gènes de résistance. Devant les insuffisances de dénomination de ces enzymes dans les banques de données généralistes, il est apparu nécessaire de redéfinir au plan moléculaire, la classe A, la plus importante des quatre classes connues (A-D) et de proposer des éléments de classification moléculaire plus précis à partir d’une comparaison d’une base de données de plusieurs centaines de séquences protéiques. Une telle analyse ne peut être obtenue qu’à l’aide des nombreux logiciels de bioinformatique mis à disposition sur divers sites nationaux ou institutionnels au cours de la dernière décennie. L’identification moléculaire précise est génératrice d’une thérapeutique beaucoup mieux adaptée.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Malaria in Urban Ahmedabad (Gujarat), India: Identification of Hot Spots and Risk Factors for Targeted Intervention
Authors: Parizo Justin , Sturrock Hugh J. W. , Dhiman Ramesh C. , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: July 2016

The world population, especially in developing countries, has experienced a rapid progression of urbanization over the last half century. Urbanization has been accompanied by a rise in cases of urban infectious diseases, such as malaria. The complexity and heterogeneity of the urban environment has made study of specific urban centers vital for urban malaria control programs, whereas more generalizable risk factor identification also remains essential. Ahmedabad city, India, is a large urban center located in the state of Gujarat, which has experienced a significant Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum disease burden. Therefore, a targeted analysis of malaria in Ahmedabad city was undertaken to identify spatiotemporal patterns of malaria, risk factors, and methods of predicting future malaria cases. Malaria incidence in Ahmedabad city was found to be spatially heterogeneous, but temporally stable, with high spatial correlation between species. Because of this stability, a prediction method utilizing historic cases from prior years and seasons was used successfully to predict which areas of Ahmedabad city would experience the highest malaria burden and could be used to prospectively target interventions. Finally, spatial analysis showed that normalized difference vegetation index, proximity to water sources, and location within Ahmedabad city relative to the dense urban core were the best predictors of malaria incidence. Because of the heterogeneity of urban environments and urban malaria itself, the study of specific large urban centers is vital to assist in allocating resources and informing future urban planning.
The National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center Global Health Scholars and Fellows Program: Collaborating Across Five Consortia to Strengthen Research Training
Authors: Zunt Joseph R. , Chi Benjamin H. , Heimburger Douglas C. , Cohen Craig R. , Strathdee Steffanie , Hobbs Nicole , Thomas Yolanda , Bale Kimberly , Salisbury Kathryn , Hernandez Maria T. , Riley Lee W. , Vermund Sten H. , van der Horst Charles
Published: July 2016

As demand for global health research training continues to grow, many universities are striving to meet the needs of trainees in a manner complementary to research priorities of the institutions hosting trainees, while also increasing capacity for conducting research. We provide an overview of the first 4 years of the Global Health Program for Fellows and Scholars, a collaboration of 20 U.S. universities and institutions spread across 36 low- and middle-income countries funded through the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center. We highlight many aspects of our program development that may be of interest to other multinational consortia developing global health research training programs.
Human Pulmonary Infection by the Zoonotic Metastrongylus salmi Nematode. The First Reported Case in the Americas
Authors: Calvopina Manuel , Caballero Henry , Morita Tatsushi , Korenaga Masataka
Published: July 2016

Pulmonary metastrongylosis, a zoonotic disease found primarily in pigs, is caused by eight different species of the cosmopolitan nematode Metastrongylus genus. To date, only four human cases have been reported, all from Europe. Herein, a severe case of pulmonary infection caused by Metastrongylus salmi in an Ecuadorian man, with successful treatment with ivermectin, is described.
Five-Year Eradication of Hepatitis B Infection After an Outreach Immunization Program in the Waorani Population in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Quizhpe Edy , Ñauta Gladys , Córdoba-Doña Juan Antonio , Teran Enrique
Published: July 2016

In Waorani communities of the Amazon basin of Ecuador, hepatitis B (HB) surface antigen was found in 14% of asymptomatic persons. The aim of this study was to identify the Waorani population in Ecuador and obtain an epidemiologically adequate coverage of vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) among them. Between February and September 2010, three vaccination campaigns were completed as part of a collaborative activity between the Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health and the community leaders in the intervention areas. In addition, in 10 of the 22 Waorani communities, during first contact, a questionnaire about risk factors for HBV infection was administered. A total of 16 Waorani communities were registered before the beginning of this intervention, but during the actual process, six additional communities were identified. In total, 1,251 community members were registered, 92.7% of which received all three doses of the vaccine. Among them, 83% of survey respondents reported having been vaccinated, but only 22% were able to show proof. Only 1% of respondents were intravenous drug users, whereas 22% had at least one tattoo. All self-identified as heterosexual, but only 32% reported using condoms during sexual intercourse. By March 2015, no new cases of HB were been reported in any of the Waorani communities. Herein, we report the importance of intersectoral collaboration to strengthen health interventions in an isolated population like the Waorani area.
Patient-generated Digital Images after Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Ross Rachael , Voight Christina , Brouwer Heather , Karavite Dean , Gerber Jeffrey , Grundmeier Robert , Coffin Susan , Miller Matthew
Published: July 2016

To describe the use of digital images captured by parents or guardians and sent to clinicians for assessment of wounds after pediatric ambulatory surgery.

Subjects with digital images of post-operative wounds were identified as part of an ongoing cohort study of infections after ambulatory surgery within a large pediatric healthcare system. We performed a structured review of the electronic health record (EHR) to determine how digital images were documented in the EHR and used in clinical care.

We identified 166 patients whose parent or guardian reported sending a digital image of the wound to the clinician after surgery. A corresponding digital image was located in the EHR in only 121 of these encounters. A change in clinical management was documented in 20% of these encounters, including referral for in-person evaluation of the wound and antibiotic prescription.

Clinical teams have developed ad hoc workflows to use digital images to evaluate post-operative pediatric surgical patients. Because the use of digital images to support follow-up care after ambulatory surgery is likely to increase, it is important that high-quality images are captured and documented appropriately in the EHR to ensure privacy, security, and a high-level of care.

Citation: Miller MW; Ross RK; Voight C; Brouwer H; Karavite DJ; Gerber JS; Grundmeier RW; Coffin SE. Patient-generated Digital Images after Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery
Duly noted: Lessons from a two-site intervention to assess and improve the quality of clinical documentation in the electronic health record
Authors: Yan Donglin , Conigliaro Rosemarie , Fanucchi Laura
Published: July 2016

Communication errors are identified as a root cause contributing to a majority of sentinel events. The clinical note is a cornerstone of physician communication, yet there are few published interventions on teaching note writing in the electronic health record (EHR). This is a prospective, two-site, quality improvement project to assess and improve the quality of clinical documentation in the EHR using a validated assessment tool.

Internal Medicine (IM) residents at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine (UK) and Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine (MMC) received one of two interventions during an inpatient ward month: either a lecture, or a lecture and individual feedback on progress notes. A third group of residents in each program served as control. Notes were evaluated with the Physician Documentation Quality Instrument 9 (PDQI-9).

Due to a significant difference in baseline PDQI-9 scores at MMC, the sites were not combined. Of 75 residents at the UK site, 22 were eligible, 20 (91%) enrolled, 76 notes in total were scored. Of 156 residents at MMC, 22 were eligible, 18 (82%) enrolled, 40 notes in total were scored. Note quality did not improve as measured by the PDQI-9.

This educational quality improvement project did not improve the quality of clinical documentation as measured by the PDQI-9. This project underscores the difficulty in improving note quality. Further efforts should explore more effective educational tools to improve the quality of clinical documentation in the EHR.

Citation: Fanucchi L, Yan D, Conigliaro RL. Duly noted: Lessons from a two-site intervention to assess and improve the quality of clinical documentation in the electronic health record.
Post-processing to remove residual clouds from aerosol optical depth
retrieved using the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer
Authors: Sogacheva Larisa , Kolmonen Pekka , Virtanen Timo H. , Rodriguez Edith , Saponaro Giulia , de Leeuw Gerrit
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Clouds reflect solar light much stronger than aerosol particles. Therefore, the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) is usually only attempted over cloud-free areas. To achieve this, a strict cloud detection scheme needs to be applied consisting of several tests. However, often not all clouds are detected which results in cloud-contaminated retrieval areas with reflectance higher than that for aerosols. The AOD retrieved from reflectances measured with the (Advanced) Along Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSR-2 and AATSR), using the ATSR dual view algorithm (ADV) over land or the ATSR single view algorithm (ASV) over ocean, shows such areas with locally enhanced AOD values. To remove such cloud-contaminated areas, a cloud post-processing (CPP) scheme has been developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) as described in Kolmonen et al. (2015). The application of this scheme indeed results in the removal of cloud-contaminated areas over most of the globe, providing spatially smoother AOD maps and favorable comparison with AOD obtained from independent ground-based measurements from the AERONET sun photometer network. However, closer inspection shows that the CPP also removes areas with elevated AOD not due to cloud contamination, as shown in this manuscript. An improved CPP scheme is presented which better discriminates between valid and cloud-contaminated areas. Also the CPP thresholds have been further evaluated and adjusted according to the findings. Retaining elevated AOD while effectively removing cloud contaminated pixels affects the resulting global and regional mean AOD values as well as coverage. Effects of the CPP scheme on both spatial and temporal variation for the period 2002–2012 are discussed. With the modified CPP, the AOD coverage increases by 10–15 % with respect to the old scheme. The validation versus AERONET shows an improvement of the correlation coefficient from 0.84 to 0.86 for the global data set for the period 2002–2012. The global aggregated AOD over land for the period 2003–2011 is 0.163 with the improved CPP as compared to 0.144 with the old scheme. The globally aggregated AOD over ocean and over the whole globe (land and ocean together) is 0.164 with the improved CPP scheme (as compared to 0.152 and 0.150 with the old scheme, for ocean and whole globe respectively). Effects of the improved CPP scheme on the 10-year time series are illustrated and seasonal and temporal changes are discussed.
A simple calculation algorithm to separate high-resolution CH4 flux measurements into ebullition and diffusion-derived components
Authors: Hoffmann Mathias , Schulz-Hanke Maximilian , Garcia Alba Juana , Jurisch Nicole , Hagemann Ulrike , Sachs Torsten , Sommer Michael , Augustin Jürgen
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Processes driving the production, transformation and transport of methane (CH4) in wetland ecosystems are highly complex. We present a simple calculation algorithm to separate open-water CH4 fluxes measured with automatic chambers into diffusion- and ebullition-derived components. This helps to reveal underlying dynamics, to identify potential environmental drivers, and thus, calculate reliable CH4 emission estimates. The flux separation is based on identification of ebullition-related sudden concentration changes during single measurements. Therefore, a variable ebullition filter is applied, using the lower and upper quartile and the interquartile range (IQR). Automation of data processing is achieved by using an established R-script, adjusted for the purpose of CH4 flux calculation. The algorithm was tested using flux measurement data (July to September 2013) from a former fen grassland site, converted into a shallow lake as a result of rewetting. Ebullition and diffusion contributed equally (46 % and 55 %) to total CH4 emissions, which is comparable to ratios given in literature. Moreover, the separation algorithm revealed a concealed shift in the diurnal trend of diffusive fluxes throughout the measurement period. The water temperature gradient was identified as one of the major drivers of diffusive CH4 emissions, whereas no significant driver was found in case of erratic CH4 ebullition events.
First characterization and validation of FORLI-HNO3 vertical
profiles retrieved from IASI/Metop
Authors: Ronsmans Gaétane , Langerock Bavo , Wespes Catherine , Hannigan James W. , Hase Frank , Kerzenmacher Tobias , Mahieu Emmanuel , Schneider Matthias , Smale Dan , Hurtmans Daniel , De Mazière Martine , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Knowing the spatial and seasonal distributions of nitric acid (HNO3) around the globe is of great interest to apprehend the processes regulating stratospheric ozone, especially in the polar regions. Thanks to its unprecedented spatial and temporal sampling, the nadir-viewing Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) allows sounding the atmosphere twice a day globally, with good spectral resolution and low noise. With the Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI (FORLI) algorithm, we are retrieving, in near-real time, columns as well as vertical profiles of several atmospheric species, amongst which is HNO3. We present in this paper the first characterization of the FORLI-HNO3 profile products, in terms of vertical sensitivity and error budgets. We show that the sensitivity of IASI to HNO3 is highest in the lower stratosphere (10–20 km), where the largest amounts of HNO3 are found, but that the vertical sensitivity of IASI only allows one level of information on the profile (DOFS 1). The sensitivity near the surface is negligible in most cases, and for this reason, a partial column (5–35 km) is used for the analyses. Both vertical profiles and partial columns are compared to FTIR ground-based measurements from the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) to characterize the accuracy and precision of the FORLI-HNO3 product. The profile validation is conducted through the smoothing of the raw FTIR profiles by the IASI averaging kernels and gives good results, with a slight overestimation of IASI measurements in the Upper Troposphere-Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) at the 6 chosen stations (Thule, Kiruna, Jungfraujoch, Izaña, Lauder and Arrival Heights). The validation of the partial columns (5–35 km) is also conclusive with a mean correlation of 0.93 between IASI and the FTIR measurements. An initial survey of the HNO3 spatial and seasonal variabilities obtained from IASI measurements for a one year (2011) data set shows that the expected latitudinal gradient of concentrations from low to high latitudes and the large seasonal variability in polar regions (cycle amplitude around 30 % of the seasonal signal, peak-to-peak) are well represented with IASI data.
The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): an instrument to investigate ice
nucleation
Authors: Garimella Sarvesh , Kristensen Thomas Bjerring , Ignatius Karolina , Welti Andre , Voigtländer Jens , Kulkarni Gourihar R. , Sagan Frank , Kok Gregory Lee , Dorsey James , Nichman Leonid , Rothenberg Daniel Alexander , Rösch Michael , Kirchgäßner Amélie Catharina Ruth , Ladkin Russell , Wex Heike , Wilson Theodore W. , Ladino Luis Antonio , Abbatt Jon P. D. , Stetzer Olaf , Lohmann Ulrike , Stratmann Frank , Cziczo Daniel James
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nucleating particle (INP) counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. The SPIN is a continuous flow diffusion chamber with parallel plate geometry based on the Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber and the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber. This study presents a standard description for using the SPIN instrument and also highlights methods to analyze measurements in more advanced ways. It characterizes and describes the behavior of the SPIN chamber, reports data from laboratory measurements, and quantifies uncertainties associated with the measurements. Experiments with ammonium sulfate are used to investigate homogeneous freezing of deliquesced haze droplets and droplet breakthrough. Experiments with kaolinite, NX illite, and silver iodide are used to investigate heterogeneous ice nucleation. SPIN nucleation results are compared to those from the literature. A machine learning approach for analyzing depolarization data from the SPIN optical particle counter is also presented (as an advanced use). Overall, we report that the SPIN is able to reproduce previous INP counter measurements.
Spaceborne potential for examining taiga–tundra ecotone form and
vulnerability
Authors: Montesano Paul M. , Sun Guoqing , Dubayah Ralph O. , Ranson K. Jon
Published: July 2016

Abstract. In the taiga–tundra ecotone (TTE), site-dependent forest structure characteristics can influence the subtle and heterogeneous structural changes that occur across the broad circumpolar extent. Such changes may be related to ecotone form, described by the horizontal and vertical patterns of forest structure (e.g., tree cover, density, and height) within TTE forest patches, driven by local site conditions, and linked to ecotone dynamics. The unique circumstance of subtle, variable, and widespread vegetation change warrants the application of spaceborne data including high-resolution (< 5 m) spaceborne imagery (HRSI) across broad scales for examining TTE form and predicting dynamics. This study analyzes forest structure at the patch scale in the TTE to provide a means to examine both vertical and horizontal components of ecotone form. We demonstrate the potential of spaceborne data for integrating forest height and density to assess TTE form at the scale of forest patches across the circumpolar biome by (1) mapping forest patches in study sites along the TTE in northern Siberia with a multi-resolution suite of spaceborne data and (2) examining the uncertainty of forest patch height from this suite of data across sites of primarily diffuse TTE forms. Results demonstrate the opportunities for improving patch-scale spaceborne estimates of forest height, the vertical component of TTE form, with HRSI. The distribution of relative maximum height uncertainty based on prediction intervals is centered at  ∼  40 %, constraining the use of height for discerning differences in forest patches. We discuss this uncertainty in light of a conceptual model of general ecotone forms and highlight how the uncertainty of spaceborne estimates of height can contribute to the uncertainty in identifying TTE forms. A focus on reducing the uncertainty of height estimates in forest patches may improve depiction of TTE form, which may help explain variable forest responses in the TTE to climate change and the vulnerability of portions of the TTE to forest structure change.
Prospects for improving the representation of coastal and shelf seas in
global ocean models
Authors: Holt Jason , Hyder Pat , Ashworth Mike , Harle James , Hewitt Helene T. , Liu Hedong , New Adrian L. , Pickles Stephen , Popova Ekaterina , Allen J. Icarus , Siddorn John , Wood Richard
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Accurately representing coastal and shelf seas in global ocean models represents one of the grand challenges of Earth System science. They are regions of immense societal importance, through the goods and services they provide, hazards they pose and through their role in global scale processes and cycles, e.g. carbon fluxes and dense water formation. However, they are poorly represented in the current generation of global ocean models. In this contribution we aim to identify and quantify the important physical processes, and their scales, needed to address this issue in the context of the options available to resolve these scales globally and the evolving computational landscape. We find barotropic and topographic scales are well resolved by the current state-of-the-art model resolutions (e.g. nominal 1/12°) and here the focus is on process representation. We identify tides, vertical coordinates, river inflows and mixing schemes as four areas where modelling approaches can readily be transferred from regional to global modelling with substantial benefit. We demonstrate this through basin scale northern North Atlantic simulations and analysis of global profile data, which particularly shows the need for increased vertical resolution in shallower water. In terms of finer scale processes, we find that a 1/12° global model resolves the 1st baroclinic Rossby Radius for only ~ 20 % of regions
Hydrodynamic modelling of coastal seas: the role of tidal dynamics in the
Messina Strait, Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Cucco Andrea , Quattrocchi Giovanni , Olita Antonio , Fazioli Leopoldo , Ribotti Alberto , Sinerchia Matteo , Tedesco Costanza , Sorgente Roberto
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This work explores the importance of considering tidal dynamics when modelling the general circulation in the Messina Strait, a narrow passage connecting the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian subbasins in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The tides and the induced water circulation in this Strait are among the most intense oceanographic processes in the Mediterranean Sea. The quantification of these effects can be particularly relevant for operational oceanographic systems aimed to provide short-term predictions of the main hydrodynamics in the Western Mediterranean subbasins. A numerical approach based on the use of a high-resolution hydrodynamic model was followed to reproduce the tides propagation and the wind-induced and thermohaline water circulation within the Strait and in surrounding areas. A set of numerical simulations was carried out to quantify the role of the Strait dynamics on the larger-scale water circulation. The obtained results confirmed the importance of a correct representation of the hydrodynamics in the Messina Strait even when focusing on predicting the water circulation in the external sea traits. In fact, model results show that tidal dynamics deeply impact the reproduction of the instantaneous and residual circulation pattern, waters thermohaline properties and transport dynamics both inside the Messina Strait and in the surrounding coastal and open waters.
Review article: Potential application of surface methods for the
monitoring of organic matter dynamics in marine systems
Authors: Pletikapić Galja , Ivošević DeNardis Nadica
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Marine organic matter has a highly reactive nature; it continuously undergoes biotic and abiotic transformations and consequently exhibits high variation in both time and space, with a tendency to accumulate at the interfaces. To study its role in natural systems, it is of crucial importance to preserve its original state. We present the potential of non-invasive surface methods, namely, the electrochemical method of chronoamperometry at mercury electrode applied together with atomic force microscopy imaging (AFM), and their suitability on the basis of field studies undertaken in the northern and southern Adriatic Sea (Boka Kotorka Bay, Montenegro). Electrochemical approach meets the requirements for monitoring purposes due to the simple and fast analysis of a large number of raw seawater samples enabling simultaneous differentiation of organic constituents. On the other hand, atomic force microscopy allows direct visualization of biotic and abiotic particles and provides an insight into structural organization of marine organic matter at micro- and nanometer scales. Application of these methods can contribute to the prediction of mucilage events and to the monitoring of organic pollution in aquatic systems. Moreover, understanding the dynamics of organic matter in seawater is of crucial importance for improvement of national legislation on environmental protection, sustainable development and for management of marine systems.
Swimmer’s Shoulder: Painful Shoulder in the Competitive Swimmer
Authors: Matzkin Elizabeth , Suslavich Kaytelin , Wes David
Published: July 2016

Swimmer’s shoulder is a broad term often used to diagnose shoulder injury in swimmers. However, research has elucidated several specific shoulder injuries that often are incurred by the competitive swimmer. Hyperlaxity, scapular dyskinesis, subacromial impingement, labral damage, os acromiale, suprascapular nerve entrapment, and glenohumeral rotational imbalances all may be included within a differential diagnosis for shoulder pain in the competitive swimmer. An understanding of the mechanics of the swim stroke, in combination with the complex static and dynamic properties of the shoulder, is essential to the comprehension and identification of the painful swimmer’s shoulder. It is important for the athlete, coach, and clinician to be aware of the discerning characteristics among these different injuries to ensure a proper diagnosis and treatment plan to aid the swimmer in his or her return to competition.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Stabilization of Flail Chest Injury
Authors: Taylor Benjamin C. , Fowler T. Ty , French Bruce G. , Dominguez Neysa
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Recent reported success in surgical stabilization of flail chest has been described in small series, but scant evidence exists for this procedure in the orthopaedic literature.

Methods: We reviewed 88 consecutive patients who underwent surgical stabilization of flail chest, along with 88 consecutive patients with flail chest who underwent traditional closed management before initiation of our algorithm change to surgical management.

Results: Surgical stabilization of flail chest injuries led to statistically significant decreases in hospital length of stay, ventilator-dependency time, pneumonia, tracheostomy, and mortality rate. In addition, the presence of pulmonary contusion did not eliminate the significant improvements in the aforementioned variables.

Discussion: Surgical stabilization of flail chest with modern techniques and implants provides significant improvements in both mortality and short-term outcomes. Although pulmonary contusion decreased overall outcomes across both cohorts, this factor did not alter the ability of rib fixation to improve outcomes.
Complications of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan M. , Werner Brian C. , Browne James A.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Although several studies have reported outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, very little has been reported on the outcomes of this procedure in patients with other inflammatory arthritides.

Methods:

This study used a national database to evaluate 90-day postoperative complication rates, readmission rates, and revision rates after TKA in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 153,531), psoriatic arthritis (n = 7,918), and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 4,575) were compared with patients with osteoarthritis (n = 1,751,938) who underwent TKA from 2005 to 2012.

Results:

The rates of systemic complications, infection, revision, and 90-day readmission after TKA in patients with different types of inflammatory arthritis were significantly higher than those in control patients with osteoarthritis (P < 0.0001). No differences were found in the rates of systemic or local complications, revision, or readmission among the types of inflammatory arthritis.

Conclusion:

Inflammatory arthritis is associated with increased rates of perioperative complications, revision, and 90-day readmission after primary TKA.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Sanders James O. , Brown Gregory A. , Murray Jayson , Pezold Ryan , Sevarino Kaitlyn S.
Published: July 2016

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has developed the Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) document Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Evidence-based information, in conjunction with the clinical expertise of physicians, was used to develop the criteria to improve patient care and obtain the best outcomes while considering the subtleties and distinctions necessary in making clinical decisions. The AUC clinical patient scenarios were derived from patient indications that generally accompany an anterior cruciate ligament injury, as well as from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and supporting literature. The 56 patient scenarios and 8 treatments were developed by the Writing Panel, a group of clinicians who are specialists in this AUC topic. Lastly, a separate, multidisciplinary Voting Panel (made up of specialists and nonspecialists) rated the appropriateness of treatment of each patient scenario using a 9-point scale to designate a treatment as Appropriate (median rating, 7 to 9), May Be Appropriate (median rating, 4 to 6), or Rarely Appropriate (median rating, 1 to 3).