bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell mapping of metabolic dependences using ATP as a biomarker
Authors: McGuire Peter , Marin Jose , Fuchs Amanda , Tarasenko Tatiana , Warren Emily , Kirby Martha , Anderson Stacie , Gordon-Lipkin Eliza , Kruk Shannon , West A
Published: August 2024

Metabolic dependences highlight a cell's reliance on specific pathways to meet its bioenergetic needs, with these pathways being interrogated using chemical inhibitors to assess their significance. While surrogate markers of bioenergetics (e.g., oxygen consumption) have yielded important insights, we asked whether metabolic dependences could be defined using ATP as a biomarker. To address this gap, we developed Mitochondrial/Energy Flow Cytometry (MitE-Flo), a method that evaluates the contributions of glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to cellular ATP content. In models of mitochondrial disease due to complex I or complex IV deficiency, we identified impaired OXPHOS with a compensatory shift to glycolysis. To define the utility of ATP monitoring in immunometabolism research, we analyzed previously inaccessible cell populations: light zone (LZ) and dark zone (DZ) germinal center (GC) B cells. Highly proliferative DZ B cells exhibited elevated ATP levels and a preference for FAO and OXPHOS over glycolysis, with uniform increased activity across ETC complexes. In contrast, less proliferative LZ B cells showed lower ATP levels and an equal reliance on glycolysis and OXPHOS. Using ATP as a biomarker to define metabolic dependences provides valuable insights into disease states and elusive immune cell subtypes, thereby enhancing the metabolism research toolkit.
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of PM2.5 Concentrations in Accra Using Integrated Ground-Based and Satellite Sensor Data
Authors: SOWAH RICHARD ADDO , AFEMEKU CONFIDENCE MAWUFEMOR
Published: August 2024

Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter, poses a significant public health challenge in urban areas worldwide. This study presents a comprehensive temporal and spatial analysis of PM2.5 concentrations in Accra, Ghana, utilizing an integrated approach combining data from low-cost ground-based sensors, reference-grade monitors, and satellite-derived sources. Over a 21-month period from April 2019 to December 2020, PM2.5 levels were monitored across five strategic locations within the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). The findings reveal distinct seasonal trends, with higher PM2.5 concentrations during the dry season (November to March) and lower levels during the wet season (April to October). This seasonal variation underscores the influence of meteorological conditions on particulate matter levels. Spatial analysis indicates significant variations in PM2.5 concentrations, with higher levels recorded in densely populated and industrial zones such as Amasaman and Akweteyman. These areas are particularly affected by emissions from vehicular traffic, industrial activities, and biomass burning. A key outcome of this study is the strong positive correlation between ground-based sensor data and MERRA-2 satellite-derived PM2.5 concentrations, validating the use of satellite data to complement traditional ground-based monitoring. Despite some discrepancies, where satellite data tended to overestimate PM2.5 levels in 2020 and underestimate in 2019, the integration of these data sources provides a more robust and comprehensive assessment of air quality. The elevated PM2.5 levels observed in industrial and densely populated areas have significant public health implications. Prolonged exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations is linked to increased risks of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This study highlights the urgent need for targeted air quality management strategies and public health interventions to mitigate these risks. By demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of using low-cost sensors in combination with satellite-derived data, this research offers a scalable and cost-effective solution for air quality monitoring in resource-constrained settings. The insights gained from this study can inform policy-making and contribute to improved public health outcomes in Accra and similar urban environments.
Vagal Insulin Signaling Regulates Sympathovagal Balance to Determine Peripheral Metabolic and Inflammatory State
Authors: Woo Minna , Li Yu Zhe , Sung Joe Eon , Lee Ju Hee , Vo Nathaniel , Rapps Joshua , Pollock-Tahiri Evan , Ghebreselassie Martha , Chen Chuck , Premsigh Benny , Bazinet Richard , Billia Phyllis , Mak Tak , Sung Hoon-Ki , Hui Chi-chung , Yoo Paul
Published: August 2024

The vagus nerve (VN) is a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system that regulates vital functions, including glucose and energy homeostasis. However, the specific molecular signaling pathways within vagal neurons that regulate metabolism are unclear. Here, we show that enhanced PI3K signaling within the vagal neurons through the deletion of its endogenous negative regulator, phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), enhanced VN function along with decreased inflammation within the vagal neurons. This was associated with an anti-inflammatory state in peripheral metabolic tissues such as the adipose, liver and skeletal muscle, with protection against high fat diet (HFD) induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. This was driven at least in part by macrophages, such that their depletion led to abolishment of metabolic protection. Single nuclear RNA sequencing analysis of the neuronal clusters within the nodose ganglia of the VN revealed that Pten-deficiency lead to upregulation of genes involved in myelination and neuronal growth, in keeping with large myelinated nerve fibers conducive for improved VN function. Intriguingly, upregulation of genes involved in adrenergic signaling was present in these neurons which correlated with enhanced beiging and lipolysis, increased sympathetic nerve density and increased norepinephrine levels in the adipose tissue. Finally, to assess specific role of insulin signaling given multiple upstream stimuli that can activate PI3K signaling, we generated mice with Insulin receptor deficiency specifically in the vagal neurons. These mice exhibited reduced vagal function and exacerbated HFD-induced metabolic abnormalities and inflammation which was rescued with concomitant Pten deletion. Together, we show that insulin signaling within the vagal neurons plays an essential role in optimizing sympathovagal balance in determining peripheral inflammatory and metabolic homeostasis which can be harnessed as novel therapeutic strategy to combat diabetes and obesity.
Differential brainstem connectivity according to sex and menopausal status in healthy men and women
Authors: Kilpatrick Lisa A , Gupta Arpana , Meriwether David , Mahurkar-Joshi Swapna , Li Vince W , Sohn Jessica , Reist Juliana , Labus Jennifer S , Dong Tien , Jacobs Jonathan P , Naliboff Bruce D , Chang Lin , Mayer Emeran A
Published: August 2024

Background
Brainstem nuclei play a critical role in both ascending monoaminergic modulation of cortical function and arousal, and in descending bulbospinal pain modulation. Even though sex-related differences in the function of both systems have been reported in animal models, a complete understanding of sex differences, as well as menopausal effects, in brainstem connectivity in humans is lacking. This study evaluated resting-state connectivity of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), right and left locus coeruleus complex (LCC), and periaqueductal gray (PAG) according to sex and menopausal status in healthy individuals. In addition, relationships between systemic estrogen levels and brainstem-network connectivity were examined in a subset of participants.
Methods
Resting-state fMRI was performed in 50 healthy men (age, 31.2 ± 8.0 years), 53 healthy premenopausal women (age, 24.7 ± 7.3 years; 22 in the follicular phase, 31 in the luteal phase), and 20 postmenopausal women (age, 54.6 ± 7.2 years). Permutation Analysis of Linear Models (5000 permutations) was used to evaluate differences in brainstem-network connectivity according to sex and menopausal status, controlling for age. In 10 men and 17 women (9 premenopausal; 8 postmenopausal), estrogen and estrogen metabolite levels in plasma and stool were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Relationships between estrogen levels and brainstem-network connectivity were evaluated by partial least squares analysis.
Results
Left LCC-executive control network (ECN) connectivity showed an overall sex difference (p = 0.02), with higher connectivity in women than in men; however, this was mainly due to differences between men and pre-menopausal women (p = 0.008). Additional sex differences were dependent on menopausal status: PAG-default mode network (DMN) connectivity was higher in postmenopausal women than in men (p = 0.04), and PAG-sensorimotor network (SMN) connectivity was higher in premenopausal women than in men (p = 0.03) and postmenopausal women (p = 0.007). Notably, higher free 2-hydroxyestrone levels in stool were associated with higher PAG-SMN and PAG-DMN connectivity in premenopausal women (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Healthy women show higher brainstem-network connectivity involved in cognitive control, sensorimotor function, and self-relevant processes than men, dependent on their menopausal status. Further, 2-hydroxyestrone, implicated in pain, may modulate PAG connectivity in premenopausal women. These findings may relate to differential vulnerabilities to chronic stress-sensitive disorders at different life stages.
Breeding Strategies for the Apiaceae family: Utilizing Molecular Markers to Improve Agronomic Traits
Authors: Mistry Vishal J.
Published: August 2024

One of the most significant taxonomic groups of flowering plants, the Apiaceae family has thousands of species utilized in food production, flavoring, fragrance, medicine and industry. The primary goal of this study was to examine genomics and transcriptomic data available for this family and their use for the constitution of new varieties. Stress is an environmental factor genetically. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent over mean was observed for economical traits (85.5 and 34.7% for leaf yield, respectively), which indicated that the traits were highly heritable in nature; hence selection breeding is most effective. These markers are classified into various groups based on how the markers are used, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers serve to identify and screen hybrids based on salinity and drought stress tolerance, while Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers are excellent for the assessment of stress tolerance. Such markers also play an important role in the QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping of stress-related genes. Advantages such as rapidity, non-interference by the environment, and accuracy during selection have made marker-assisted selection the most reliable tool for identifying agronomically important traits. This review outlines the general characteristics of some important DNA markers and current information about how to use them in marker-assisted selection. Historical milestones in plant breeding for 10,000 years, farmers and breeders have been developing and improving crops.
Marie Holzman : Manuskripte
Authors: Kelletat Andreas F.
Published: August 2024

Die Manuskripte der beiden Übersetzungen wurden von Andreas F. Kelletat im Exil-Archiv der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek in Frankfurt/M. entdeckt.
“Reborn in Guate”: Making Resource Frontiers in Asylum in Guatemala’s Northern Petén
Authors: Morris Julia
Published: August 2024

The last decade and a half have seen a dramatic increase in the outsourcing and offshoring of asylum processing and resettlement to countries in the Global South. This article advances a new theoretical framework to examine the surge in new asylum regimes worldwide. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in several externalised asylum sites and specifically in Guatemala, it looks at these recent developments through the lens of ‘resource frontiers.’ Merging critical political ecological approaches on resource frontiers with research on border externalisation, I argue that ‘asylum frontiers’ are the social spaces connected to the exploration and development of a resource sector that extracts value from people on the move. I centre my analysis on the US-driven development of an asylum regime in Guatemala’s northern Petén region. I consider the specificities of Guatemala’s emerging asylum frontier, detailing how this arrangement sits with the country’s own histories of asylum and enforced return. In doing so, I show how different political actors – migrants, Indigenous Mayan refugees, and deported Guatemalans – ‘live with’ these frontier economies.
Codebase release 1.1 for GAPS
Authors: Seymour Michael H. , Sule Siddharth
Published: August 2024

The Single Instruction, Multiple Thread (SIMT) paradigm of GPU programming does not support the branching nature of a parton shower algorithm by definition. However, modern GPUs are designed to schedule threads with diverging processes independently, allowing them to handle such branches. With regular thread synchronisation and careful treatment of the individual steps, one can simulate a parton shower on a GPU. We present a Sudakov veto algorithm designed to simulate parton branching on multiple events in parallel. We also release a CUDA C++ program that generates matrix elements, showers partons and computes jet rates and event shapes for LEP at 91.2 GeV on a GPU. To benchmark its performance, we also provide a near-identical C++ program designed to simulate events serially on a CPU. While the consequences of branching are not absent, we demonstrate that a GPU can provide the throughput of a many-core CPU. As an example, we show that the time taken to shower 10^6106 events on one NVIDIA TESLA V100 GPU is equivalent to that of 295 Intel Xeon E5-2620 CPU cores.
Relationship between enforcement of labor social welfare laws and internal CSR, job satisfaction: a qualitative study at commercial banks in Vietnam
Authors: Dao Mong Diep , Mai Thi Thuong
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to explore the relationship between three factors: enforcement of labor social welfare labor laws, internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation, and job satisfaction as perceived by managers in the commercial banking sector. The research utilized a qualitative research method – in-depth interviews based on a semi-structured questionnaire with 20 experienced managers from 11 commercial banks in Vietnam, an emerging economy. Findings indicated a positive reciprocal relationship between enforcement of social welfare labor laws and internal CSR responsibilities of enterprises. Additionally, enforcing labor social welfare laws and internal CSR implementation positively impacted employee job satisfaction. The study also identified five aspects of internal CSR implementation towards employees: (1) timely and full payment of wages, bonuses, and benefits; (2) establishing a conducive work environment; (3) policies addressing human rights, health, and safety at work; (4) fair and democratic treatment, providing training and career advancement opportunities, and protecting employees through organizational activities; (5) having legal norms, procedures, mechanisms for recording, feedback, monitoring, and reasonable evaluation of job performance. These findings contribute to enriching both theoretical understanding and practical implications regarding the interplay of these three factors in commercial banks, encouraging managers to effectively implement social welfare laws and internal CSR implementation.
AcknowledgmentThis collaborative research involves scholars from the University of Law - Hue University and Duy Tan University. The authors extend their gratitude to both institutions for their support and assistance in facilitating the publication of this research. In addition, the authors would like to thank the Editor-in Chief and a reviewer for their helpful comments that in our view have helped to improve the quality of the manuscript significantly. This study was conducted based on decision No. 4741/QD-ĐHDT dated October 18, 2023 of Duy Tan University, Vietnam.
Analysis of the Effect of Supply Chain Management on Competitive Advantage and Company Performance
Authors: Asyriana Br. P Sofia
Published: August 2024

This study wanted to know whether there was a basic effect of Creation network The board to high ground and company's show. Stock organization The leaders factors assessed by 3 pointers, to be explicit Fundamental Supplier Association, Client Relationship, and Information Sharing. Advantage factors assessed by 5 pointers, to be explicit expense, quality, transport consistency, thing advancement, and time to grandstand. While the association's show factors assessed by 2 pointers, explicitly money related execution and utilitarian execution. The data were assembled by spreading surveys. The unit of assessment of the investigation was associations in Surabaya. Respondents were 90 managers. The assessment procedure used in testing the hypothesis was Basic Condition Showing (SEM) by using Partial Least Square (PLS).
This study had the choice to show the presence of a basic relationship of Creation network The leaders to high ground, Stock organization The board to association execution, and as well as Advantage to Association's Show.
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial, Audit Report Lag, Leverage dan Financial Distress Terhadap Integritas Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Andini Sri , Hizazi Achmad , Kusumastuti Ratih
Published: August 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, audit report lag, leverage, dan financial distress terhadap integritas laporan keuangan pada perusahaan sektor transportasi dan logistik yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020-2023. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan menerapkan analisis regresi linier berganda dan memanfaatkan perangkat lunak SPSS untuk mengolah data. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling , dengan jumlah sampel 85 selama periode empat tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh secara simultan antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen. Secara spesifik, kepemilikan manajerial berdampak positif terhadap integritas laporan keuangan, sedangkan audit report lag, leverage dan financial distress tidak berdampak signifikan. Temuan ini memberikan informasi akan pentingnya integritas dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan untuk mencegah praktik kejadian yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan kepada calon investor tentang pentingnya evaluasi yang cermat terhadap laporan keuangan sebelum membuat keputusan investasi.
Stress with regards to the COVID-19 pandemic during pregnancy and postpartum
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Anikina Varvara , Savenysheva Svetlana ,   St. Petersburg State University, Blokh Maria ,   St. Petersburg State University, Arintsina Irina ,   St. Petersburg State University, Grandilevskaya Irina ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

The results of a longitudinal study of women during pregnancy and in the first year of a child's life are presented. Pandemic-related stress, PTSD symptoms, mental health, attitude towards the child, coping strategies, birth information, interaction characteristics were studied. Sample: 360 women during pregnancy from 18 to 44 years (mean age 30.7), gestational age 8-40 (mean 31) weeks; of these, 98 dyads - after the birth of a child. Results: the main mental health problems are withdrawal, avoidance, depression; anxiety is moderate. The main stress factors are concerns about changes in the healthcare system, the political situation, fear for the health of relatives and the child. After the birth of a child, there is a decrease in mental health problems, stress levels. Mental health indicators of a pregnant woman have a significant impact on similar indicators after the birth of a child. Pregnant women view their attitude towards pregnancy and the child on a high level, but the projective method revealed a weak formation of the image of motherhood, and an expert assessment of interaction with the child in the first year of life shows low sensitivity to the needs of the child. Attitude towards a child is correlated to mental health both during pregnancy and during the first year of child’s life. Risk groups are women with unplanned pregnancy and planned caesarean section. Conclusion: help during pregnancy should be comprehensive, psychological counseling should be included into the system of obstetric and gynecological and pediatric care, with early diagnosis of mental health problems; important to help women form adequate attitude to motherhood, constructive stress coping strategies.
Paremias in Classes of Russian as a Second Language through the Prism of the Uzbek Language
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Zhelezniakova Elena A.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to teaching Russian as a non-native language at school using the material of Russian and Uzbek paremias that represent the image of a child.The comparison of phraseological units in second language classes contributes to the formation of a bilingual linguistic personality, which is the most important task of teaching Russian to foreign-speaking schoolchildren. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of work with paremias in the children’s audience in a comparative aspect. The research material was Russian and Uzbek paremias representing the image of a child. Using the method of comparative-contrastive analysis, similarities and differences of phraseological units were determined based on the main thematic groups of paremias. By means of theoretical modeling, the ways of including paremias in teaching process and the recommended sequence of work with phraseological units in linguocultural classes in Russian as a second language were determined. The conducted research allowed to conclude that the main cognitive features of Russian and Uzbek paremias are significantly similar in the presence of certain differences. The distinctive features of Uzbek paremias include the reflection of a more tolerant attitude towards the shortcomings of the child, the idea of differences in the upbringing of a daughter and a son, the explication of the image of an ungrateful child. In Russian paremias, unlike Uzbek ones, the complexity of the upbringing process and the need for strict methods of influence are reflected, the individuality of the child is allowed at the same time as the recognition of frequent similarity with the parent. The paremias can become illustrative material in teaching Russian as second language when mastering various aspects of the language or the subject of study in special linguoculturological classes in middle and high school. Russian and Uzbek paremias identified similarities and differences allowed to offer examples of tasks for different stages of classes aimed at mastering the paremiological fund of the Russian language. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it methodically interprets language material that has not previously been the object of consideration in a comparative aspect.
Water quality assessment of Dudhganga river using water quality index and anthropogenic activities
Authors: Lagade Vishwajeet Mahadev , Taware Shital Shantaram , Lagade Swapnaja Vishwajeet
Published: August 2024

The primary goal of this study is to analyze magnitude of water quality of Dudhganga River seasonally and temporally using physico-chemical parameters, Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WA-WQI) and anthropogenic activities of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra. Six sampling locations of Dudhganga River (sites I to VI) were selected for sampling and analysis. In seasonal analysis, higher values of water parameters like pH (8.2), TDS (0.42 μs/cm), turbidity (0.14 NTU), DO (6.24 mg/l), nitrate (7.56 mg/l) and phosphate (1.78mg/l) were reported in monsoon season. Temperature, alkalinity and hardness were noted maximum values (25 °C, 66.67 mg/l and 12.67 mg/l) during summer season. However, EC was reported maximum (64 μs/cm) in winter season. Results of WA-WQI revealed that water quality index ranged from 14.90 to 24.26 all sampling sites. The values of WA-WQI were reported higher at downstream locations like IV, V, and VI, than upstream sites I, II, and III. Along Dudhganga River various human activities were substantial contributors for declining the river water quality. The acquired results suggest that water quality status is close to becoming contaminated and unsafe for domestic and human use. Such contaminated water also poses risks to plants and animals that make up the aquatic ecosystem.
Age-dependent dose assessment of uranium exposure in groundwater of Ganderbal and Budgam districts in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Rahim Asiya , Khan Savidh , Mehra Rohit , Chand Sansar , Majeed Ikhlaq , Ahmed Rayees
Published: August 2024

Using an LED fluorimeter Quantalase LF-2a, the uranium concentration of the groundwater in the Ganderbal and Budgam districts of Jammu and Kashmir was assessed at 30 distinct places. It has been determined that the uranium concentrations in the districts of Ganderbal and Budgam vary from 0.17 to 1.36 μgl−1 and 0.04 to 1.71 μgl−1, respectively, with average values of 0.32 and 1.71 μg−1. It is observed that newborns are more radiation-sensitive than adults. The epidermis, thyroid gland, red bone marrow, and bones receive the maximum radiation doses. As a result, these organs are more vulnerable to uranium's radioactive effects. In the current investigation, every sample has been found to fall within the 30 μgl−1 allowable limits established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Optimized wastewater management utilizing multivariate statistical analysis: a case study of the Mascara wastewater treatment plant, Algeria
Authors: Benstaali Imène , Talia Amel , Benadela Laouni
Published: August 2024

Effective wastewater management is crucial in regions experiencing water scarcity and environmental stressors, such as pollution and climate change. Optimizing treatment processes is essential for achieving environmental sustainability. This study aims to highlight the importance of effective wastewater management strategies, particularly in regions facing water scarcity. Our objective was to identify key factors influencing the treatment process. Therefore, we evaluated associations between physicochemical parameters using multivariate statistical methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC). Our findings categorize the monthly water samples into three distinct groups based on levels of organic pollution: the first group (July, August, and September) is characterized by high oxygenation levels and significantly low organic pollution, indicating optimal system operation. The second group (April, October, November, and December) exhibits low oxygenation and low organic pollution, promoting sludge settling and pollutant reduction. The third group (January, February, March, May, and June) shows significantly high organic pollution and low oxygenation, which corresponds to unfavorable environmental conditions. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of multivariate statistical methods in optimizing wastewater treatment processes, providing crucial insights for environmental sustainability and water resource management.
Fuzzy logic-based prediction and parametric optimizing using particle swarm optimization for performance improvement in pyramid solar still
Authors: Senthilkumar N. , Yuvaperiyasamy M. , Deepanraj B. , Sabari K.
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of this study is to develop a robust model that employs a fuzzy logic interface (FL) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to forecast the optimal parameters of a pyramid solar still (PSS). The model considers a range of environmental variables and varying levels of silver nanoparticles (Ag) mixed with paraffin wax, serving as a phase change material (PCM). The study focuses on three key factors: solar intensity ranging from 350 to 950 W/m2, water depth varying between 4 and 8 cm, and silver (Ag) nanoparticle concentration ranging from 0.5 to 1.5% and corresponding output responses are productivity (P), glass temperature (Tg), and basin water temperature (Tw). The experimental design is based on Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. A technique for ordering preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) is utilized to optimize the process parameters of PSS. Incorporating a fuzzy inference system (FIS) aims to minimize the uncertainty within the system, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to fine-tune the optimal settings. These methodologies are employed to forecast the optimal conditions required to enhance the productivity of the PSS.
Sociologia em 30 minutos
Authors: Silva Dantas Humberto Bismark , Cordeiro Dantas Ariádny Bruna , Mariano Jaciara
Published: August 2024

Esse relato parte da experiencias de dois licenciandos em Ciências Sociais, ambos bolsistas CAPES no Programa de Residência Pedagógica em Sociologia, atuantes na Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Doutor Otávio Novaes, sob coordenação de Geovania Toscano, Thiago Pânica e da preceptora Jaciara Mariano. O programa de residência pedagógica do qual fazemos parte se inicia em outubro de 2020, já dentro do contexto do ensino remoto decretado no estado da Paraíba em março de 2020, contando com 8 bolsistas e 2 voluntários. Nesse momento inicial fizemos o acompanhamento das aulas ministradas pela preceptora divididos em duplas e trios, de forma a contemplar todas as turmas de sociologia da escola de atuação, bem como participando de reuniões de formação e trocas de experiencias com toda a equipe. Esse relato tem enfoque na experiencia de regência realizada em 07 de maio do ano vigente, numa aula de 30 minutos sobre ‘socialização’ para as turmas do 1 Ano Manhã.
Utilização de perguntas investigativas para o ensino dos sistemas circulatório e linfático durante o Estágio Supervisionado no Ensino Médio
Authors: Moura de Lima Leanderson , Lunguinho Leite Romualdo , Danielle Gurgel dos Santos Francesca
Published: August 2024

As perguntas investigativas fazem com que os alunos se tornem centrais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, investigando as atividades propostas e resolvendo problemas. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar como a utilização de atividades investigativas podem contribuir para o ensino do sistema circulatório e linfático, na disciplina de Biologia durante o Estágio Supervisionado II no Ensino Médio. A pesquisa é caracterizada como descritiva-exploratória e qualitativa, cujo público-alvo foram os alunos de duas (02) turmas de 2ª série do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de Limoeiro do Norte - Ceará. A sequência didática utilizada mostrou-se efetiva no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A utilização de perguntas investigativas trabalhou aspectos importantes como: trabalho em grupo, e ampliação do conhecimento por investigação. Conclui-se que a utilização dessa metodologia ampliou e ajudou os alunos no aprendizado do conteúdo.
Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Significance of CCL Chemokines in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tian Yonggang , Xie Yunqian , Yi Guirong , Wu Fanqi , Dang Xiaoyu , Bai Feihu , Wang Jun , Zhang Dekui
Published: August 2024

Background:

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours of the
gastrointestinal tract, which has a significant negative impact on human health.

Aims:

CCL chemokines play important roles in a variety of tumor microenvironments; nevertheless,
gastric cancer has surprisingly limited associations with CCL chemokines.

Methods:

In our study, we comprehensively utilized bioinformatics analysis tools and databases
such as cBioPortal, UALCAN, GEPIA, GeneMANIA, STRING, and TRRUST to clarify the
clinical significance and biology function of CCL chemokines in gastric cancer.

Results:

The mRNA expression levels of CCL1/3/4/5/7/8/14/15/18/20/21/22/26 were up-regulated,
while the mRNA expression levels of CCL2/11/13/16/17/19/23/24/25/28 were down-regulated.
The chemokine significantly associated with the pathological stage of gastric cancer is
CCL2/11/19/21. In gastric cancer, the expression level of CCL chemokines was not associated
with disease-free survival, but low expression of CCL14 was significantly associated with
longer overall survival. Therein, associated with the regulation of CCL chemokines are only 10
transcription factors (RELA, NFKB1, STAT6, IRF3, REL, SPI1, STAT1, STAT3, JUN and
SP1). The major biological process and functional enrichment of CCL chemokines are to induce
cell-directed migration.

Conclusion:

These results may indicate that CCL chemokines may be immunotherapeutic targets
and promising prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Identification of Potential Inhibitors from Medicinal Plant-based Phytochemicals for the Influential C4 Target of Diabetic Retinopathy by Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Sulthana Mohaideen Thasthagir , Solomon Viswas Raja , Satishchandra Aithamraju , Kulkarni Vishaka Sumant , Narendhar Bandi , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman Mohammed , Chandu Ala
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Diabetic retinopathy is the major cause of vision failure in diabetic patients, and the
current treatment involves the practice of glucocorticoids or VEGF antagonists that are “off-label”. A few
small organic molecules against DR were discovered many years ago. Nutraceuticals are naturally available
functional foods that endorse different health benefits, including vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, fatty acids,
and amino acids that can defer the development of some diseases.

Methods:

Numerous studies reported that nutraceuticals encourage multiple therapeutic benefits and provide
protection against various diseases. In diabetes, nutraceuticals contribute to improving insulin sensitivity,
metabolism regulation, and lower hyperglycemia. The major aim of this study is to discover the most active
drug from natural or plant sources. In this work, 42 phytochemical constituents from 4 kinds of plants were
docked with the C4 target of diabetic retinopathy by an in silico molecular docking study.

Results:

According to the binding energy, all the phytoconstituents possessed good to high attraction towards
the target, and 6 phytochemicals, such as terchebulin, punicalagin, chebulagic acid, casuarinin, punicalin, and
pedunculagin, disclosed superior binding energy towards the target than standard ruboxistaurin via the interactions
of conventional hydrogen bonding, pi-alkyl interactions, etc. Molecular dynamic simulation studies further
established the stability of the phytoconstituents, and ADMET studies proved the safety profile of these
phytoconstituents.

Conclusion:

Hence, the current study suggested that the phytochemicals from various herbs inhibit the C4 target
of diabetic retinopathy and can be utilized as lead compounds to develop analogs or repurposed for the
treatment of DR.
Nobiletin Regulates Polyinosinic-polycytidylic Acid-induced Inflammation in Macrophages Partially via the PPAR-γ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yue Ying-Xing , Huang Shan-Shan , Weng Ying-Zheng , Lu Yan , Jia Bing-Bing , Yang Zhou-Xin
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Macrophage dysregulation is a common pathogenic feature of viruses that provides
extensive targets for antiviral therapy. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has a
multitude of effects.

Methods:

We investigated the effect of nobiletin on polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))-induced inflammation
in RAW264.7 cells.

Results:

Nobiletin inhibited the production of poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis
factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and CXCL10. High-throughput sequencing revealed that nobiletin inhibited
the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL10 and promoted the expression of CD206, Chil3, and
Vcam1. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, the upregulated differential
genes were significantly enriched in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway.
The PPAR-γ inhibitor T0070907 significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of nobiletin on IL-6 and CXCL10
but had no significant effect on TNF-α secretion.

Conclusion:

Thus, nobiletin regulated poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells partially
via the PPAR-γ signaling pathway.
Biological and Photocatalytic Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from the Leaf Extract of Euphorbia royleana Boiss
Authors: Begum Hussan Ara , Yaseen Sana , Zada Amir , Musa Muhammad , Khan Asif , Sheheryar  , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Ali Sajid , Azmat Rafia , Hamayun Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significance due to their practical use in
the medicinal field, especially in the treatment of tumors and cancer. The current article explores a green synthetic
method for the preparation of AgNPs using leaf extract of Euphorbia royleanas.

Methods:

The synthesis was conducted at different parameters like concentration of AgNO3, pH, salt concentration,
temperature and time to optimize best results for their biochemical applications. It was validated
through UV-V spectroscopy (400-450 nm) with 1:3 (concentration ratio of leaf ethanolic extract and 1 mM
AgNO3 solution) at a pH value of 8 at 35oC, which were the best optimization conditions. The FTIR spectral
bands showed the presence of C-N and –OH functional groups, indicating that –OH stretching and the aliphatic
-C-H stretching were involved in the reduction of Ag ions. The XRD pattern showed the face-centered cubic
structure of silver nanoparticles. The results of SEM revealed that AgNPs were predominantly spherical in
shape, mono-dispersed, and arranged in scattered form. EDX analysis testified the presence of metallic silver
along with other elements like Cl, C, and O.

Results:

The investigation of biochemical parameters showed that AgNPs were influential in the discoloration
of dye wastewater (methylene blue ), where 80% of dye color was removed in 20 min, followed by the significant
(p < 0.05) analgesic activity with an inhibition percentage of 86.45% at a dose of 500 mg/kg.

Conclusion:

Similarly, the antioxidant activity with the highest percent inhibition was 55.4% (p < 0.0001),
shown by the AgNPs at 500 μg/mL. AgNPs showed a 30 mm zone of inhibition at 100 μl/mL against Aspergillus
niger. It was concluded that AgNPs provide a baseline in medical technology for the treatment of simple
to chronic diseases.
Hydrogen Peroxide Induces Ethanol-inducible CYP2E1 via the NF-kB-classical Pathway: CYP2E1 mRNA Levels are not High in Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Tamura Akiyoshi , Milas Siswanto Ferbian , Yoshimura Takumi , Oguro Ami , Imaoka Susumu
Published: August 2024

Aims:

The aim of the present study is to elucidate the mechanism of CYP2E1 induction
as a causative factor of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and its relationship with inflammation.

Background:

Chronic alcohol consumption induces CYP2E1, which is involved in the development
of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of CYP2E1
by alcohol remain unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated the induction of drug-metabolizing
enzymes, particularly CYP2E1, by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the concentration of which is elevated
under inflammatory conditions.

Objective:

The mechanisms underlying the induction of CYP2E1 by H2O2 were examined with a
focus on Keap1, a target factor of H2O2.

Methods:

We assessed changes in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human
hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, following treatment with H2O2, and evaluated changes in the expression
of the NFkB-related factor RelA(p65) after the knockdown of Keap1, a regulator of Nrf2
expression by reactive oxygen species. We also performed a promoter analysis using the upstream
region of the CYP2E1 gene. We herein used the GSE89632 series for non-alcoholic hepatitis
(NASH) and the GSE28619 series for AH.

Results:

The induction of CYP2E1 by H2O2 was significantly stronger than that of other drugmetabolizing
enzymes. On the other hand, the knockdown of Keap1, a target of H2O2, markedly
increased RelA(p65), an NFkB factor. Furthermore, the overexpression of RelA(p65) strongly
induced the expression of CYP2E1. Four candidate p65-binding sequences were identified upstream
of the CYP2E1 gene, and promoter activity assays showed that the third sequence was
responsive to the overexpression of RelA(p65). We used the GSE89632 series for NASH and the
GSE28619 series for AH in the present study. The expression of CYP2E1 mRNA in the liver was
significantly lower in AH patients than in HC patients, but was similar in HC patients and NASH
patients.

Conclusion:

We herein demonstrated that the expression of CYP2E1 was induced by H2O2. The
overexpression of RelA(p65) also induced CYP2E1 mRNA expression, whereas H2O2 did not
after the knockdown of RelA. These results suggest that H2O2 acts on Keap1 to upregulate RelA
(p65) in the NFkB system. One of the mechanisms underlying the induction of CYP2E1 was dependent
on the H2O2-Keap1-RelA axis. The results of the database analysis revealed that the expression
of CYP2E1 in the liver was significantly lower in AHH patients than in NASH patients,
suggesting that CYP2E1 is not the main cause of AH; however, CYP2E1 may exacerbate the
pathogenesis of AH.
Recent Advances in the Development of Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Management: Insights from In silico to In vitro Studies
Authors: Khan Fariya , Khan Mohsin Vahid , Kumar Ajay , Akhtar Salman
Published: August 2024

:

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by high glucose levels, leading to serious
threats such as diabetic neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. One of the most reliable
measures for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia is to reduce the glucose level by inhibiting
enzymes in the digestive system, such as Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase. Here, we have
investigated the use of inhibitors to inhibit carbohydrate metabolism in order to restrict glucose
levels in diabetic patients. Acarbose, Voglibose, and Miglitol are three inhibitors approved by the
FDA that efficiently inhibit these two enzymes and thereby minimising hyperglycemia but are also
significantly helpful in reducing the risk of cardiovascular effects. We also provide insight into
the other known inhibitors currently available in the market. The adverse effects associated with
other inhibitors emphasise the demand for the latest in silico screening and in vitro validation in
the development of potent inhibitors with greater efficacy and safety for the treatment of Type 2
diabetes. The recent findings suggest that Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase play a major
role in carbohydrate metabolism and triggering the increase in glucose levels. This review provides
the latest scientific literature findings related to these two enzymes as well as the role of
primary and secondary inhibitors as potential candidates. Moreover, this review elaborates the
framework on the mechanism of action, different plant sources of extraction of these enzymes, as
well as kinetic assay of inhibitors and their interaction that can be used in future prospects to develop
potential leads to combat Type 2 diabetes.
One-Pot Syntheses and Enzyme Inhibition Studies of New C-28 Ester Derivatives of Betulinic Acid
Authors: Ali Muhammad Shaiq , Shezadi Sumera , Akbar Azra , epub Humaira , Malik Muhammad Imran , Lateef Mehreen
Published: August 2024

Betulinic acid and its various synthetic derivatives have been reported to possess diverse
biological activities and some of these may serve as useful therapeutic agents for a variety of human
disorders. In this perspective, we have now developed convenient one-pot syntheses of new C-28
esters (2-7) of betulinic acid by esterification of the carboxylic moiety of betulinic acid (1) with various
alkylating agents. All the target compounds were subjected to enzyme inhibition studies to ascertain
their possible therapeutic utility. Compound 5 showed very potent lipoxygenase inhibitory activity
with an IC50 value of 13.2 μM, being much lower than the IC50 value of 22.4 μM of baicalein,
which was used as the standard. Butulinic acid itself and compound 6 also showed significant inhibitory
potential (IC50: 32.4 and 25.1 μM) against the same enzyme. The activities of both compounds 5
and 6 have been justified by intensive docking studies. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited substantial inhibition
(IC50: 18.4 and 21.5 μM) against the enzyme butrylcholinesterase, compared to serine used as
the standard (IC50: 7.8 μM).
In vivo Evaluation of Apoptosis-Inducing Herbs for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Recent Developments and Mechanism of Action
Authors: Rajput Shivam , Malviya Rishabha , Srivastava Saurabh , Ahmad Irfan , Obaidur Rab Safia , Uniyal Prerna
Published: August 2024

The process known as “programmed cell death” is referred to as “apoptosis,” a term frequently
used in scientific research. Typically, the body's own system eliminates damaged cells by
identifying defective ones and activating their destruction in response to various signals. However,
if its precise mechanisms are understood, apoptosis can also be intentionally induced by external
factors. Herbal substances have been found to contain various ingredients that can trigger apoptosis.
Breast cancer, a highly fatal condition, is caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal
cells. This uncontrolled cell division is the underlying cause of the disease. Currently, there is no
ideal solution to this problem. However, apoptosis has the potential to be a highly effective therapeutic
strategy for treating this devastating disease. In the near future, herbal medicines could treat
breast cancer by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. These herbal treatments offer fewer adverse reactions
compared to current chemical therapies, which often have numerous unwanted side effects.
This review article examines the process of apoptosis and various herbal remedies found in
studies to effectively induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. This review article is significant because
it highlights the focus on apoptosis as a therapeutic strategy and the potential of herbal remedies
in treating breast cancer. This underscores the importance of exploring natural substances in
developing safer and more effective treatments for a lethal disease.
Determination of Diphenidol in Mouse Plasma and Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study Using Uplc-Ms/Ms
Authors: Lin Rong , Dong Xicheng , Huang Wenwen , Wang Xianqin , Ma Jianshe
Published: August 2024

Objective:

Difenidol is widely used in clinical practice due to its good anti-dizziness
effect and low side effect rate. This aim was to develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the selective and straightforward
measurement of diphenidol in mouse plasma.

Methods:

A total of eighteen mice were divided into three groups: six for intravenous administration
at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg, six for oral administration at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg, and another six for
oral administration at a dose of 1.6 mg/kg. The analytes were extracted using acetonitrile-mediated
protein precipitation following the addition of the internal standard (IS), midazolam. On an Acquity
HSS T3 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The quantification process involved the use of
multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode, with target fragment ions m/z 310.2→128.9 for
diphenidol and m/z 326.2→291.4 for IS.

Results:

For diphenidol, calibration curves showed a linear distribution between 0.2 and 50
ng/mL. The accuracy of the method was between 94.6% and 110.4%, and the mean recovery of
diphenidol in mouse plasma was over 76.5%. The intra-day and inter-day precision RSDs were
both limited to 14%. The bioavailability of diphenidol in mice was determined to be 19.9% and
23.56% for the oral dose of 0.4 mg/kg and 1.6 mg/kg, respectively.

Conclusion:

The UPLC-MS/MS was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of
diphenidol in mice, to which it was administered orally and intravenously.