bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture of dialogue: metaphysical aspect
Authors: Kryuchkova Svetlana
Published: July 2022

The object of the research is the culture of dialogue, its content and normative components, and metaphysical foundations of the culture of dialogue. Various approaches to understanding the nature of dialogue in the historical tradition, starting from antiquity and ending with modernity, are considered in detail. In the course of the analysis, special attention is paid to identifying ontological prerequisites and epistemological attitudes in the most significant theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of dialogue. Productive methodological ideas of phenomenology, "philosophy of dialogue", theory of communicative action are revealed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the heuristic and analytical possibilities of the concept of the "Other" as the basis for recognizing the initial equality of the participants in the dialogue and the formation of a mindset for the "peaceful" resolution of differences. The role of the culture of dialogue (in the form of recognized norms and compliance with the rules of interaction) is shown as an important component of mutual understanding and tolerance. The peculiarity of the reception of the ancient approach to dialogue in the non-rhetorical project of the twentieth century is revealed. It is shown that the normativity of one of the most significant modern approaches to the construction of the theory of argumentation – pragma-dialectical, has roots in the ancient tradition of dialogue. As one of the important conclusions, it is substantiated that the ideal model of "critical discussion" developed at the Belgian school of pragma-dialectics can serve not only as a methodological basis for the modern theory of the culture of dialogue, but also as a guide in its organization and structuring, creating good opportunities for reaching a possible consensus. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the philosophical and ideological foundations of the concept of "critical discussion" and the methodological significance of the "moral code", the observance of the "commandments" of which leads to an increase in the culture of dialogue as a necessary condition in the search for common meanings, without which it is impossible to overcome the high conflictogenicity of modern society.
Index of multiple deprivations as a methodological basis for combating poverty in depressed regions (foreign experience)
Authors: Ermakova Eka , Igonina Alina Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2022

The object of the study is the method of calculating the index of multiple deprivation of territories as a methodological component of overcoming multidimensional poverty. The subject of the study is the best practices of using the index of multiple deprivation in developed countries.The purpose of the study is the theoretical and methodological justification of the feasibility of calculating the index of multiple deprivations at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation to identify the most acute manifestations of multidimensional poverty and its subsequent overcoming. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific (the method of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, the unity of historical and logical) and special (statistical, index) methods. The information base of the study was the statistical data of the World Bank, methodological recommendations for calculating the index of multidimensional deprivation of territorial authorities of Great Britain, aggregated data of the information and analytical portal Knoema. According to the authors, the attention of regional authorities of the Russian Federation in terms of solving the problem of poverty should focus not only on monetary, but also, first of all, on multidimensional poverty in order to eliminate the problems of the regions in the sphere of living standards and ensure the inclusion of all citizens in the development processes. The calculation of the multidimensional deprivation index is expedient from the point of view of reducing disparities in territorial development and point-to-point solutions to the problems of specific territories (for example, residents of northern regions may experience deprivation in infrastructure, the population of central Russia and industrial zones suffers deprivation in relation to environmental living conditions, etc.)
Sexual identity of girls and boys of younger adolescence
Authors: Praizendorf Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of the sexual identity of girls and boys of younger adolescence. The aim of the study was to study the content characteristics of the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of the sexual identity of girls and boys of younger adolescence and to identify the relationship between these structural components. The author analyzes in detail the features of the sexual identity of girls and boys of younger adolescence. Sexual identity is a complex dynamic structure that begins its formation in early childhood, and by adolescence, due to the psychological characteristics of this period, reaches a new, significant level, which determines the need for its detailed study in this age period. Research methodology: L.S. Vygotsky's cultural and historical theory of human mental development, D.B. Elkonin's age periodization, conceptual positions and main provisions in the study of sexual problems of domestic and foreign psychologists V.E. Kagan, I.S. Kletsina, N.Y. Flotskaya, etc.The empirical base of the study is represented by 30 teenage girls and 30 boys from full families. The age of the participants was 12-13 years.For the first time, the existence of differences in qualitative and quantitative indicators determining the structure of the sexual identity of girls and boys of younger adolescence is theoretically substantiated and empirically proven. Adolescents of both sexes do not have difficulties with building a sex-and-age sequence and identifying their present sex-and-age status, adequately identify themselves according to gender and age. Teenage girls correspond to gender stereotypes to a greater extent than boys. Girls and boys are characterized by the perception of parental influence as inconsistent, unstable and generally incomprehensible to a teenager. The behavioral component of the sexual identity of younger adolescents of both sexes is characterized by uncertainty, undifferentiation, and a combination of both feminine and masculine qualities in behavior.
Formation of a social portrait of a police officer of the Russian Federation at the present stage
Authors: Shatskaya Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2022

In the last decade, interest in the image of a police officer has been increasing. The ongoing changes affect all spheres of life of modern society, the public perception of the police is also changing, which also actualizes the topic under consideration. The term "social portrait" or "sociological portrait" appears quite often in the scientific literature. However, a number of studies have not even attempted to justify the need for the use of this term in any way. In principle, this term was also not deterministic in a practice-oriented environment. The absence of a methodological description is characteristic not only for modern researchers, but also for Soviet scientists who quite often used the term "social portrait", meaning by it some abstract generalized characteristic of a certain social class. The object of the study is the social portrait of a police officer. The subject of the study is the basic components that influence the formation of a social portrait of a police officer. The goal-setting of the formation of a social portrait at the present stage is determined by the attitude of police officers to their professional activities, promotion, the socio-psychological atmosphere within the team, the attitude of police officers to family and marriage, money and recreation. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed approach to the formation of a social portrait of a police officer, the peculiarity of which is the definition of basic components that allow identifying the characteristic features of this social group. The main methods of obtaining information can be a questionnaire survey, interviews, content analysis. The practical significance lies in the fact that the information obtained can be used in scientific, pedagogical, practical work when considering issues related to the formation of personnel and reserve, training of employees according to professional training programs, moral and psychological support, social guarantees, etc.
Weighted Complex Network Analysis of the Difference Between Nodal Centralities of the Beijing Subway System
Authors: TONG Ruiyong , XU Qi , WEI Runbin , HUANG Junsheng , XIAO Zhongsheng
Published: July 2022

The centrality of stations is one of the most important issues in urban transit systems. The central stations of such networks have often been identified using network to-pological centrality measures. In real networks, passenger flows arise from an interplay between the dynamics of the individual person movements and the underlying physical structure. In this paper, we apply a two-layered model to identify the most central stations in the Beijing Subway System, in which the lower layer is the physical infrastruc-ture and the upper layer represents the passenger flows. We compare various centrality indicators such as degree, strength and betweenness centrality for the two-layered model. To represent the influence of exogenous factors of stations on the subway system, we reference the al-pha centrality. The results show that the central stations in the geographic system in terms of the betweenness are not consistent with the central stations in the network of the flows in terms of the alpha centrality. We clarify this difference by comparing the two centrality measures with the real load, indicating that the alpha centrality approx-imates the real load better than the betweenness, as it can capture the direction and volume of the flows along links and the flows into and out of the systems. The empirical findings can give us some useful insights into the node cen-trality of subway systems.
Empirical Analysis of Vehicle Tracking Algorithms for Extracting Integral Trajectories from Consecutive Videos
Authors: CHEN Quan , WANG Hao , DONG Changyin
Published: July 2022

This study introduces a novel methodological frame-work for extracting integral vehicle trajectories from several consecutive pictures automatically. The frame-work contains camera observation, eliminating image distortions, video stabilising, stitching images, identify-ing vehicles and tracking vehicles. Observation videos of four sections in South Fengtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China are taken as a case study to validate the framework. As key points, six typical tracking algorithms, including boosting, CSRT, KCF, median flow, MIL and MOSSE, are compared in terms of tracking reliability, operational time, random access memory (RAM) usage and data accuracy. Main impact factors taken into con-sideration involve vehicle colours, zebra lines, lane lines, lamps, guide boards and image stitching seams. Based on empirical analysis, it is found that MOSSE requires the least operational time and RAM usage, whereas CSRT presents the best tracking reliability. In addition, all tracking algorithms produce reliable vehicle trajecto-ry and speed data if vehicles are tracked steadily.
A Review of Ancillary Services Implementation in the Revenue Management Systems
Authors: OZMEC-BAN Maja , ŠKURLA BABIĆ Ružica , VIDOVIĆ Andrija , BRAČIĆ Matija
Published: July 2022

Ancillary services in air transport represent a set of services provided to passengers to choose from, enabling them to enhance their travel experience while accumu-lating additional airline revenue. Low-cost airlines pi-oneered the practice, but the separation of ancillary services from the basic service has become an intense-ly growing trend in the air transport industry over the last decade. This practice has enabled low-cost airlines to significantly reduce the price of the basic service. To remain competitive in an era of transparency provided by search engines, traditional airlines offer ancillary ser-vices in addition to the basic service. To meet the passen-ger’s needs, a whole range of ancillary services has been created. However, existing revenue management systems do not take this ancillary revenue into account when cal-culating reservation limits. If the airline knew that an in-dividual passenger is willing to pay more for ancillary services, the system would be able to adjust the availabil-ity of the service for that passenger during the booking process. A review of research on passengers’ willingness to pay for ancillary services is presented in the paper, as well as a review on research on the personalisation of ancillary services and challenges of integrating person-alised pricing into existing revenue management systems.
Fraude fiscal y contrabando de metales en el Nuevo Reino de Granada. El caso de las minas de Pamplona durante el siglo xvii
Authors: Ariza Ariza Nectalí
Published: July 2022

Objective/Context: This article explains the causes of the tax evasion on metals in the royal mines of the province of Pamplona in the New Kingdom of Granada (nrg), in which royal box metals were not declared from the year 1636 to 1678. However, there were miners, mayors of mines, indigenous and enslaved people dedicated to mining in that same period. The Madrid authorities sought to establish the amounts defrauded through two visits, one carried out in 1659 and the other in 1676. Methodology: In addition to fiscal, ordinary and general visits, were consulted accounts of the royal treasury of Pamplona and the historiography of the New Granada mining. Originality: These revisions made it possible to show how the tax on metals was cheated in this jurisdiction and offer answers to a widespread phenomenon throughout Latin America and evoked by historians but rarely exposed in its details and specific cases, given its nature and the scant documentary footprint. Conclusions: Among the results, it is highlighted that the values potentially defrauded in the years analyzed, 1636-1678, reflect a higher production than that given in the stage with tax footprint: 1617-1635. It was also found that authorities from the Audiencia de Santa Fe and the Pamplona council participated in the fraud; it was a matter socially shared between miners and authorities.
“Un autómata de fierro”: máquinas de coser, ropa hecha y experiencias de trabajo en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en la segunda mitad del siglo xix
Authors: Mitidieri Gabriela
Published: July 2022

Objective/context: This article explores different dimensions of the incorporation of sewing machines into the world of garment production in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. First, it situates their appearance within the framework of a set of novelties that marked urban life at that time. Secondly, it shows the modifications in the work experiences of men and women who were engaged in garment sewing jobs. Thirdly, it observes the initiative carried out by the Sociedad de Beneficencia, a state welfare institution led by women of the Buenos Aires elite, in the purchase and delivery of sewing machines to working women in the city at the end of the 1860s. Methodology: Applying the tools of social history from a gender perspective, an extensive corpus of documents is analyzed: comercial ads and yearbooks, statistical records, files from the documentary collection of the Sociedad de Beneficencia and population censuses. Originality: In addition to presenting the first historical reconstruction of the introduction of the sewing machine in the country, this article is a contribution to reflecting on how gender hierarchies influenced the division of labor in the industrialization of clothing manufacturing and the way in which technology reinforced this differential distribution of tasks in the city of Buenos Aires. In turn, inquiring into this process illuminates the peculiarities of the local experience; in particular, the innovative modalities of acquiring sewing machines on credit in the late 1860s and early 1870s. Conclusions: The presence of the sewing machine inaugurated new skills, remunerations, and labor arrangements. Following the journeys of some of the seamstresses who acquired them illuminates experiences of life, work and family in Buenos Aires during the second half of the nineteenth century.
Thirsty Country: State, Water, and the “War on Drought” in Chile in the 1960s
Authors: Purcell Fernando
Published: July 2022

Objective/Context: This paper studies the role of the Chilean state during the great drought of 1967-1969 as a mediator between human beings and nature. Institutional adaptations and the effort to improve the infrastructure were elements of continuity with respect to previous droughts, but there were novelties as well, such as attempts to pursue weather modification and the artificial melting of glaciers. The support of technologies and scientists operating from peripheral state institutions was essential for these purposes. All the above took place in the context of the Cold War when the predominant environmental imaginaries made human intervention look favorable and necessary for the modernization of countries. Methodology: Diverse primary sources were used, such as ministerial documents, decrees, bulletins, and reports of different state institutions that allowed understanding the logic of state management during the water crisis. Similarly, research in national and international press helped identify how imaginaries about the environment were expressed and disseminated publicly, which tended to validate novel efforts to control nature. Originality: This is an original study for Latin America, which addresses the early appearance of science and technology in the efforts of what today would be known as geoengineering: mainly through the observation of new actors, which expanded the traditional forms of mediation between humans and nature, led by the state, concerning climate crises. Conclusions: In the 1960s, optimism grew for the human capacity to control and manipulate water resources by appealing to ways other than those previously known, associated with infrastructure development. Expert knowledge was placed at the service of peripheral institutions of the state to promote these changes with lasting consequences. The human desire to control nature at all costs was validated, which helps explain the temporal projection of experiments with artificial rain and glacier control to the present day in Chile.
Entrevista a la profesora Frances Christie “Mientras acompañamos a los niños a aprender, en realidad lo que se les está enseñando es a significar”
Authors:   Instituto de Profesores en Educación - Uruguay, Flores Laura , Manghi Dominique ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso - Chile
Published: July 2022

sin resumen
Effects of Intrathecal DexmedetomidineBupivacaine versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Plus Intrathecal Bupivacaine: A Randomised Triple-blind Clinical Study
Authors: Moolagani Venkata Ramanareddy , Vigrahala Padmavathi , Korra Gopa Naik , Duba BalaKrishna
Published: July 2022

Introduction: For administering Spinal Anesthesia (SA) 0.5% bupivacaine is employed with Dexmedetomidine (DMT) as an adjuvant. Literature review reveals that either intrathecal or lowdose intravenous DMT can enhance the characteristics of SA with bupivacaine Aim: To evaluate the effect of a single bolus intravenous (i.v.) DMT 0.5 µg/kg given either before or after the SA in combination with intrathecal 0.5% bupivacaine compared with intrathecal bupivacaine plus DMT. Materials and Methods: A randomised, triple-blind, singlecentre and placebo-controlled study was conducted at Gayatri Vidyaparishad Institute of Health care and medical technology, Marikavalasa, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, from April 2020 to December 2021. Eighty patients were allocated to four study groups of 20 each. Patients of group Intrathecal DMT (ITD) were given SA with 0.5% bupivacaine heavy 3.4 mL+5µg DMT, patients of group Before Spinal DMT (BSD) were given intravenous DMT before administering the SA with bupivacaine, patients of group After Spinal DMT (ASD) were given intravenous DMT after administering the SA with bupivacaine, and the patients of group Nil DMT (ND) or control group, were given SA with 0.5% bupivacaine heavy 3.4 mL. The primary outcome variable was the difference in the duration of analgesia. The secondary outcome variables were the differences in the onset and duration of the block both motor and sensory. Differences of the parametric data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s Post Hoc test HSD Beta (Honestly significant difference). For analysis of non parametric data Chisquare test was used and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Patients in the ITD group had a longer duration of analgesia of 280.7±5.0 min (vis-a-vis 215±9.34, 210.7±12.0 and 97.9±7.12 min in BSD,ASD and ND, respectively) with a statistically significant difference at a p-value <0.00001. They had a shorter duration of onset of motor block of 3.4±0.49 (visa-vis 4.6±0.53, 6.09±0.44 and 6.3±0.65 in BSD, ASD and ND groups, respectively) with a statistically significant difference at a p-value <0.00001. Duration of onset of the sensory block was 2.2±0.37 min in the patients of ITD group (vis-a-vis 3.2±4.76, 3.5±6.71 and 4±0.40 in BSD,ASD and ND groups, respectively) with a statistically significant difference at a p-value <0.00001. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine used as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine produces greater augmentation of duration of analgesia, earlier onset of sensory and motor block, more haemodynamic stability and fewer overall side effects compared to its intravenous bolus administration.
Evaluating the Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation Schedule of Red Gram (Co (Rg) - 7) under Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Sathyamoorthy N. K. , Krishnasamy S. , Swaminathan C. , Prabhakaran J. , Ramanathan S. P. , Anbarasu M. , Senthilraja K. , Guhan V.
Published: July 2022

Red gram occupies a unique position in Indian agriculture by constituting the regular protein supplier to the average Indian diet. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimes of drip irrigation on red gram under two different of  methods sowing viz., dibbling and transplanting condition during Kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 at AICRP on Irrigation Water management Research block, Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. The experimental soil is clay loam in texture with low N, medium P and K content. The treatments consistst of drip irrigation at three pan evaporation ratios (40, 60 and 80 per cent PE) under two different methods of planting (dibbling and transplanting) with surface irrigation with conventional sowing and transplanting (Totally two) as a control. The study was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with thrice replication. The Recommended Dose Fertilizer (RDF) followed was 25:50:25 kg’s NPK /ha and soil application of sulphur as basal @ 20 kg /ha was common to all the treatments. Fertigation was scheduled once in a week from 15 to 90 DAS. Seedlings were raised in protrays and Poly bag single: 6x4” (200 \(\mu\) ) planted at 28 days (Second crop). The lateral spacing was followed was 1.5 m. The results revealed that conventional sowing (dippling) under drip irrigation with 60 percent PE and fertigation of recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes and yield. This treatment was on par with transplanting of red gram under drip irrigation at same irrigation level recommended dose of fertilizer. However, higher net income and B: C ratio was registered in conventional sowing under drip irrigation due to cost involved in raising nursery and transplanting. The conventional sowing under drip irrigation recorded water saving of 21 per cent and transplanting under irrigation recorded water saving of 36 per cent. The highest water use efficiency was observed in drip irrigation at 40 per cent PE level.
Dynamics of Area Change under Commercial Crops in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sharumathi T. , Selvi R. Gangai , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Karthick V.
Published: July 2022

The area under commercial crops has been fluctuating over the years in Tamil Nadu. However, the change in area is not same for all the crops. Hence the present study was conducted to assess the growth rates and the dynamics of area change of cash crops in Tamil Nadu by using the secondary data for the period of five decades from 1971 to 2020. Among cash crops oilseeds had highest area under production followed by coconut, sugarcane and vegetables. All commercial crops, with the exception of sugarcane, tea, coffee, and vegetables, have a negative growth rate. The transitional probability matrix for area under cash crops was obtained using Markov chain analysis. By simulating this transitional probability matrix, the area under major cash crops in Tamil Nadu for the next decade has been projected. Sugarcane is the only crop with a positive trend for the projected area, while cotton, spices, coffee, and vegetable group exhibit a declining over the period.
Modelling the Impact of an Effective Mass Media Awareness Campaigns on the Spread of HPV Infections
Authors: Malia Miriam , Chepkwony Isaac , Malonza David
Published: July 2022

Cancer is a menace to public health globally. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus and has been linked to several cancers such as cervical cancer, anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and neck cancer. In this research a mathematical model based on a system of ordinary differential equations is formulated to study the impact of an effective mass media awareness campaigns on the spread of HPV infections under vaccination in Kenya. The basic reproduction number is computed using the next generation matrix method. The equilibrium points of the model are determined and their stability investigated. The results of stability analysis show that the HPV free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when  Ro < 1 and the endemic equilibrium point existed if Ro < 1. We used the center manifold theory to investigate the nature of bifurcation. The investigation identified that the bifurcation parameter θ changes from negative to positive, changes its stability from stable to unstable thus a negative unstable equilibrium becomes positive and locally asymptotically stable. Sensitivity analysis shows that the prevalence of HPV infection can be reduced by reducing the contact rate between the susceptibles and infected β, increasing the rate of treatment  \(\tau\) 1  and increasing vaccination rate  \(\gamma\) . Moreover, the relapse from the susceptible aware and infected aware to susceptible and infected classes respectively that is \(\tau\) 2 and \(\tau\) 3 respectively increase the spread of HPV in the community. The results from the numerical simulations validated the fact that an effective mass media awareness campaigns brought the numbers of HPV infections to equilibrium.
Comparison of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic against the Traditional Face-to-Face Learning Experience for a STEM Related Subject, Analytical Mathematics
Authors: Sofroniou Anastasia , Premnath Bhairavi
Published: July 2022

The Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic put a halt provisionally to face-to-face teaching throughout the educational sector impeding in addition, university students from receiving their traditional on campus teaching learning experience. Educators, academics, and the higher institutional authorities had to act fast and change their mode of teaching delivery to online platforms, with many students transferring their learning habits and customs to various online mediums and tools. In view of the struggles and adjustments many students underwent with this new method of teaching, a research study was conducted to identify whether online learning had an effect on student performance for a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) related module. On this purpose, this paper evaluates different statistical test measures to compare the two different teaching techniques adopted by a university foundation level module, Analytical Mathematics. Results from the pursued quantitative analysis show a decrease in the success of students’ performance whilst receiving online teaching, suggesting a lesser impact on improved learning compared to the customary face-to-face delivery for this specific module. With regards to engagement, observations from the qualitative analysis of the study show a lack of involvement and participation from students with their lecturer and peers whilst in an online environment, echoing its influence on student performance. The deductions of the analyses of this study, emphasize that the necessary transition to online delivery and learning during the pandemic did lead to a challenging and negative experience on students and their performance for this STEM related subject.
Association Between Toxic Effects and Survival in Patients With Cancer and Autoimmune Disease Treated With Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy
Authors: Han Catherine Young , Fitzgerald Conall , Lee Mark , Valero Cristina , Gönen Mithat , Shoushtari Alexander , Morris Luc G. T.
Published: July 2022

This cohort study analyzed the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer and autoimmune disease, and examined whether immune-related toxic effects were associated with outcomes.
County-Level Variation in the Prevalence of Visual Acuity Loss or Blindness in the US
Authors: Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Flaxman Abraham D. , Wittenborn John S. , Burke-Conte Zeb , Gulia Rohit , Saaddine Jinan , Rein David B.
Published: July 2022

This cross-sectional study evaluates vision loss and blindness prevalence in the US at the county level.
Specific questions during retrieval practice are better for texts containing seductive details
Authors: Eitel Alexander , Endres Tino , Renkl Alexander
Published: July 2022

We investigated how to optimize the effectiveness of retrieval‐based learning when the instructional text comprises seductive details (i.e., interesting but irrelevant text adjuncts). Specific questions during retrieval practice should help students focus their recall on main ideas—and not on seductive details, which should in turn foster delayed post‐test performance. In this experiment, participants (N = 103) learned from an instructional text about coffee, either with or without seductive details; in subsequent retrieval practice, the participants received either unspecific or specific questions (2 × 2 between‐subjects design). One week later, all participants received a delayed posttest assessing learning outcomes. As expected, when the instructional text comprised seductive details, participants given specific questions during retrieval practice had better learning outcomes than those given an unspecific question. We conclude that retrieval tasks should be aligned with learning materials: more specific retrieval tasks are better for materials including irrelevant information.
Boosting the Performance of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3‐δ Electrodes by The Incorporation of Nanocomposite Active Layers
Authors: Zamudio‐García Javier , Caizán‐Juanarena Leire , Porras‐Vázquez José M. , Losilla Enrique R. , Marrero‐López David
Published: July 2022

The use of active layers is a promising strategy to improve the properties of air electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this work, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3‐δ is combined with different oxide ion conductors Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95, Bi1.5Y0.5O3 and Pr6O11 to form highly efficient nanocomposite active layers in a single step by spray‐pyrolysis deposition. One of the main advantages of these nanocomposite layers is that the nanoscale microstructure is retained at relatively high sintering temperatures. As a consequence, the interfacial area between the electrode and the electrolyte increases significantly, leading to fast oxide ion transport at the interface, as well as more active sites for the electrochemical reactions. An exhaustive structural, microstructural, and electrochemical characterization of the layers are performed to evaluate their potential use in SOFCs. The incorporation of a La0.8Sr0.2MnO3‐δ‐Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (LSM‐CGO) interlayer decreases the polarization resistance of LSM cathode from 1.71 to 0.46 Ω cm2 at 700 °C. Moreover, a single cell with LSM‐CGO interlayer generates a peak power density of 1.20 W cm–2 at 800 °C compared to 0.79 W cm–2 for the same cell without active layer. These results demonstrate the great benefits of using nanocomposite layers to improve the properties of air electrodes.
MXene‐Ti3C2 Armored Layer for Aluminum Current Collector Enable Stable High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Shanglin , Li Songmei , Du Zhiguo , Du Juan , Han Chao , Li Bin
Published: July 2022

Elevating operating voltage (above 4.5 V) is a consequential approach to increasing the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the corrosion of cathode aluminum (Al) current collector at high voltage limits the application of high‐voltage LIBs. In this report, for the first time, MXene‐Ti3C2Tx nanosheets are proposed as an armored layer for Al current collector to conquer the corrosion under high operating voltage over 4.5 V versus Li+/Li. The MXene armored layer is fabricated via a self‐assembly procedure, which exhibits ultra‐thinness less than 100 nm, attaches to Al substrate homogeneously, and ensures the electron conduction of current collector by virtue of outstanding conductivity. More importantly, the obtained MXene‐Al can be stabilized under a broad electrochemical window of 2–5.5 V versus Li/Li+ in commercial LiPF6‐carbonates electrolyte. As a consequence, the execution of MXene‐Al current collector to ternary cathode LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM333) can significantly enhance electrochemical performance. Under a high cut‐off voltage of 4.5 V, the discharge capacity retention is increased from 21% to 81.4% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C with the protection of MXene armored layer. This work proposes an effective strategy for developing stable high‐voltage LIBs and contributes to the MXene application in energy‐related field.
A Stacked p‐Type Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor for Future Display Applications
Authors: Wang Yu‐Xuan , Tai Mao‐Chou , Chang Ting‐Chang , Wu Chia‐Chuan , Zheng Yu‐Zhe , Tu Yu‐Fa , Zhou Kuan‐Ju , Shih Yu‐Shan , Chen Yu‐An , Huang Jen‐Wei , Sze Simon
Published: July 2022

In this study, a novel structural design of the p‐type low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (p‐type LTPS TFTs) applied to the pixel structure of displays is proposed. Compared to the conventional pixel structure of displays, the proposed architecture can achieve the aperture ratio improvement by stacking the switch thin‐film transistor and the storage capacitor in a pixel region to enlarge the active space. Therefore, the demands of high‐resolution characteristics, such as a high aperture ratio, and high pixel densities for high‐end displays or novel technologies, can be satisfied by the adoption of the proposed design concept. Furthermore, the discussion of experimental and simulated results in terms of device physics of the transistor indicates that proposed TFTs possess higher performance and reliability properties. By modulating the geometry of the drain‐connected bottom metal in stacked TFTs, output characteristics and hot carrier phenomenon in devices can be further improved. Time‐dependent transfer characteristics, extracted electrical parameters, and numerical simulation results are performed to support our design.
Controlling the Defects of Cs2AgBiBr6 by Varied Precursor Compositions
Authors: Frebel Alexander , Yoon Songhak , Meles Neguse Samuel , Jöckel Dennis M. , Widenmeyer Marc , Lange Stefan , Naumann Volker , Rosspeintner Arnulf , Ebbinghaus Stefan G. , Balke Benjamin , Weidenkaff Anke
Published: July 2022

The amount and type of defects in Cs2AgBiBr6 are controlled by varying the Ag/Bi ratio of the precursor solutions in two different synthesis routes, that is, slow solution cooling crystallization and fast microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The correlation between the Ag/Bi ratio in the precursor solution and defect formation in the crystals is studied by band broadening analysis in Raman spectroscopy, the estimated Urbach energy in UV–vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Ag‐rich precursors are found to prevent the formation of the secondary‐phase Cs3Bi2Br9, but at the same time induced the formation of Br vacancies and antisite defects. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that the formation of beneficial defects such as Br vacancies causes to trap the charge carriers, thus avoiding the recombination of charge carriers and leading to a longer carrier lifetime. Herein, the findings provide a guidance to decrease the defect densities and can be applied to the fabrication of Pb‐free solar cells based on Cs2AgBiBr6.
Broadband Optical Amplification of PbS Quantum‐Dot‐Doped Glass Fibers
Authors: Chen Daoyuan , Xu Beibei , Fang Zaijin , Zhang Duoduo , Man Tao , Mo Junyao , Liu Xiaofeng , Xu Zhousu , Liu Yehui , Cao Shiyi , Chang Zhiwu , Xiao Xinhua , Qiu Jianrong
Published: July 2022

The rapid development of global telecommunication, cloud computing, big data, consumer electronics create increasing demands to expand the capacity and rate of data transmission for next generation broadband optical communication. It raises a great challenge for current rare‐earth ions doped fiber amplifiers due to the narrow emission bandwidth of rare‐earth ions. In this context, broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emitter based optical amplifiers are in urgent demand. Here, broadband optical amplification in S + C + L bands is achieved for the first time in PbS quantum dot (QD)‐doped low‐melting‐point glass fiber. With the pump of a 976 nm laser, the on‐off gain of PbS QD‐doped fiber (PQDF) ranges from 1.4 to 8.7 dB in 1500–1630 nm, while that of PbS QD‐doped glass ranges from 6.9 to 8.4 dB in 1530–1630 nm. Both QD‐doped glass and optical fiber show tunable luminescence covering the entire optical communication windows (O + E + S + C + L + U). The much higher quantum yield of PbS QDs in glass than that of colloidal QDs, the ultra‐broad and controllable emission bands and bandwidth make PbS QDs doped glass and fiber promising for applications in next generation broadband optical fiber amplifiers and tunable fiber lasers.
The Interaction between DNMT1 and High‐Mannose CD133 Maintains the Slow‐Cycling State and Tumorigenic Potential of Glioma Stem Cell
Authors: Wei Yuanyan , Chen Qihang , Huang Sijing , Liu Yingchao , Li Yinan , Xing Yang , Shi Danfang , Xu Wenlong , Liu Weitao , Ji Zhi , Wu Bingrui , Chen Xiaoning , Jiang Jianhai
Published: July 2022

The quiescent/slow‐cycling state preserves the self‐renewal capacity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and leads to the therapy resistance of CSCs. The mechanisms maintaining CSCs quiescence remain largely unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that lower expression of MAN1A1 in glioma stem cell (GSC) resulted in the formation of high‐mannose type N‐glycan on CD133. Furthermore, the high‐mannose type N‐glycan of CD133 is necessary for its interaction with DNMT1. Activation of p21 and p27 by the CD133–DNMT1 interaction maintains the slow‐cycling state of GSC, and promotes chemotherapy resistance and tumorigenesis of GSCs. Elimination of the CD133–DNMT1 interaction by a cell‐penetrating peptide or MAN1A1 overexpression inhibits the tumorigenesis of GSCs and increases the sensitivity of GSCs to temozolomide. Analysis of glioma samples reveals that the levels of high‐mannose type N‐glycan are correlated with glioma recurrence. Collectively, the high mannose CD133–DNMT1 interaction maintains the slow‐cycling state and tumorigenic potential of GSC, providing a potential strategy to eliminate quiescent GSCs.
Synergic Effect of Dendrite‐Free and Zinc Gating in Lignin‐Containing Cellulose Nanofibers‐MXene Layer Enabling Long‐Cycle‐Life Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Chaozheng , Li Zhenglin , Zhang Xiaoman , Xu Wangwang , Chen Weimin , Zhao Kangning , Wang Yao , Hong Shu , Wu Qinglin , Li Mei‐Chun , Mei Changtong
Published: July 2022

Uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and parasitic reactions have greatly hindered the development of high energy and long life rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, the synergic effect of a bifunctional lignin‐containing cellulose nanofiber (LCNF)‐MXene (LM) layer to stabilize the interface of zinc anode is reported. On one hand, the LCNF provides enough strength (43.7 MPa) at relative low porosity (52.2%) to enable the diffusion limited dendrite suppression, while, on the other hand, the MXene serves as a zinc gating layer, facilitating the zinc ion mobility, restricting the active water/anions from degradation in the electrode/electrolyte interface, and epitaxially guiding zinc deposition along (002) plane. Benefiting from the synergic effect of diffusion limited dendrite suppression and zinc gate, the LM layer enabled a high coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.9% with a low overpotential of 43.1 mV at 1 mA cm−2 in Zn//Cu asymmetric cells. More importantly, Zn//MnO2 full cells with the LM layer achieve a high‐capacity retention of 90.0% for over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, much higher than the full cell without the protective layer (73.9% over 500 cycles). The work provides a new insight in designing a dendrite‐free zinc anode for long‐cycle‐life batteries.
Color‐Tuning Mechanism of Electrically Stretchable Photonic Organogels
Authors: Shin Jun Hyuk , Park Ji Yoon , Han Sang Hyun , Lee Yun Hyeok , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Choi Su Seok
Published: July 2022

In contrast to nano‐processed rigid photonic crystals with fixed structures, soft photonic organic hydrogel beads with dielectric nanostructures possess advanced capabilities, such as stimuli‐responsive deformation and photonic wavelength color changes. Recenlty, advanced from well‐investigated mechanochromic method, an electromechanical stress approach is used to demonstrate electrically induced mechanical color shifts in soft organic photonic hydrogel beads. To better understand the electrically stretchable color change functionality in such soft organic photonic hydrogel systems, the electromechanical wavelength‐tuning mechanism is comprehensively investigated in this study. By employing controllable electroactive dielectric elastomeric actuators, the discoloration wavelength‐tuning process of an electrically stretchable photonic organogel is carefully examined. Based on the experimental in‐situ response of electrically stretchable nano‐spherical polystyrene hydrogel beads, the color change mechanism is meticulously analyzed. Further, changes in the nanostructure of the symmetrically and electrically stretchable organogel are analytically investigated through simulations of its hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) lattice model. Detailed photonic wavelength control factors, such as the refractive index of dielectric materials, lattice diffraction, and bead distance in an organogel lattice, are theoretically studied. Herein, the switcing mechanism of electrically stretchable mechanochromic photonic organogels with photonic stopband‐tuning features are suggested for the first time.
World agricultural baseline scenarios through 2050
Authors: Sands Ronald D. , Suttles Shellye A.
Published: July 2022

The European Green Deal aims to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050. The effort required to meet greenhouse gas emission targets or other sustainable development goals depends on the difference between baseline levels and policy targets. This paper provides a set of plausible world agricultural baseline scenarios through 2050 with a variety of agricultural indicators: food calories consumed, crop calories produced, average crop yields, and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Growth of agricultural activity varies widely across world regions, from Europe with a relatively stable population to sub‐Saharan Africa with rapidly growing populations and per‐capita incomes.
Cadmium concentrations in Idaho wheat grain and soil
Authors: Strawn Daniel G. , Mohotti Dinithi , Carp Elizabeth , Liang Xi , Chen Jianli , Schroeder Kurtis , Marshall Juliet
Published: July 2022

Current efforts to reduce the maximum allowable cadmium (Cd) concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for at‐risk populations such as infants require sourcing wheat with low concentrations of Cd. Since Idaho (USA) is a major wheat supplier, there is a need to understand which varieties and locations in Idaho produce wheat containing low Cd. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to report on a survey of total Cd concentrations in 469 wheat grain samples and 216 soil samples from several varieties and locations throughout Idaho. Total Cd concentrations in wheat grain ranged from <0.01 to 0.28 mg kg−1, varying by both wheat variety and location grown. Total soil Cd ranged from 0.450 to 1.85 mg kg−1. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated by dividing the grain total Cd concentration by the soil total Cd concentration and ranged from 0.05 to 0.5. The variety ‘UI Sparrow’ had the lowest mean BAF (0.06), and several other varieties were also relatively low. Overall, almost all wheat varieties meet European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) requirements for Cd concentration for adult consumption. However, meeting the EFSA maximum allowable limit of Cd in infant food requires planting varieties noted for low Cd uptake, like UI Sparrow, and careful selection of growing regions with the lowest total soil Cd, such as northern, central, or western Idaho.
Magnetically Actuated Reconfigurable Metamaterials as Conformal Electromagnetic Filters
Authors: Wu Shuai , Eichenberger Jack , Dai Jize , Chang Yilong , Ghalichechian Nima , Zhao Ruike Renee
Published: July 2022

Electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials with tailored properties are developed for wave manipulation, filtering, and cloaking for aerospace and defense applications. While traditional EM metamaterials exhibit fixed behaviors due to unchangeable material properties and geometries after fabrication, reconfigurable EM metamaterials allow for tunable performance through electrical/mechanical reconfiguration strategies. Traditional biasing circuit‐based electrical reconfiguration poses challenges due to complex circuit design, while motor‐driven mechanical reconfiguration can lead to bulky and tethered structures with restricted adaptability. Herein, magnetically actuated structurally reconfigurable EM metamaterials with enhanced adaptability/conformability to different geometries, showing merits of fast, reversible, and programmable shape morphing, are developed. Magnetic actuation enables metamaterial's mechanical reconfiguration between flat deployed, flat folded, curved deployed, and curved folded states for both conformal and freestanding 3D shape morphing. Locally, the EM metamaterials fold subwavelength units for tunable properties, switching between all‐pass and band‐stop behaviors upon structural reconfiguration. Globally, the structure can conform and morph to different curved surfaces. The structurally reconfigurable metamaterial also serves as a medium for customizable subwavelength units by rationally designing attached conductive patterns for varied filtering performances such as narrow‐band, dual‐band, and wide‐band filtering behaviors, illustrating the design flexibility and application versatility of the developed structurally reconfigurable EM metamaterial.