bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and biochemical characterization ofParagonimus westermanityrosinase
Authors: BAE Y.-A. , KIM S.-H. , AHN C.-S. , KIM J.-G. , KONG Y.
Published: January 2015

Trematode tyrosinases (TYRs) play a major role in the tanning process during eggshell formation. We investigated the molecular and biochemical features ofParagonimus westermaniTYR (PwTYR). ThePwTYRcDNA was composed of 1568-bp encompassing a 1422-bp-long open reading frame (474-amino acid polypeptide). A strong phylogenetic relationship with Platyhelminthes and Deuterostomian orthologues was evident. The recombinant PwTYR expressed in prokaryotic cells promptly oxidized diphenol substrates, with a preferential affinity towardortho-positioned hydroxyl groups. It demonstrated fairly weak activity for monophenol compounds. Diphenol oxidase activity was augmented with an increase of pH from 5·0 to 8·0, while monophenol oxidase activity was highest at an acidic pH and gradually decreased as pH increased. Transcription profile ofPwTYRwas temporally upregulated along with worm development. PwTYR was specifically localized in vitellocytes and eggs. The results suggested that conversion of tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine by PwTYR monophenol oxidase activity might be rate-limiting step during the sclerotization process ofP. westermanieggs. The pH-dependent pattern of monophenol and diphenol oxidase activity further proposes that the initial hydroxylation might slowly but steadily progress in acidic secreted vesicles of vitellocytes and the second oxidation process might be rapidly accelerated by neural or weak alkaline pH environments within the ootype.
Translinguistic apposition in a multilingual media blog in Rwanda: Towards an interpretive perspective in language policy research
Authors: Gafaranga Joseph
Published: January 2015

Researchers have called for studies that link the macro and the micro in language policy research. In turn, the notion of ‘micro’ has been theorised as referring either to the micro implementation of macro policies or to micro policies. In this article, a third way of thinking about the relationship between the macro and the micro in language policy—referred to as the interpretive perspective—is proposed. In this perspective, macro language policies and micro language choice practices are seen as interdependent, as shaping each other. The article substantiates this view drawing on a practice I calltranslinguistic appositionand that I have observed in a variety of ‘most highly regulated’ texts in Rwanda. However, for an in- depth understanding, the practice is described drawing on data from a single source, namely the Rwandan multilingual media blogwww.igihe.com. The article demonstrates how this practice can be seen as shaped by the Rwandan macro language policy and, conversely, how the same macro policy can be seen as written into being through the same micro level practice. (Language policy, micro language policy, micro implementation of macro policy, translanguaging, translinguistic apposition, interpretive perspective)
Is the inherence heuristic simply WEIRD?
Authors: Baron Andrew Scott
Published: January 2015

Although many studies suggest that children and adults focus more on internal causes rather than situational causes to explain observed patterns, such findings may be more limited to WEIRD populations (western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) samples. Evidence from cross-cultural studies may point to several distinct attribution mechanisms with their culturally specific deployment reflecting both a developmental achievement as well as a possible signal of group boundaries.
The inherence heuristic: A key theoretical addition to understanding social stereotyping and prejudice
Authors: Bigler Rebecca S. , Clark Caitlin
Published: January 2015

Prior work has detailed the constructivist processes that lead individuals to categorize others along particular dimensions (e.g., gender) and generate the content (e.g., stereotypes) and affect (e.g., prejudices) associated with social groups. The inherence heuristic is a novel mechanism that appears to shape the content and rigidity of children's social stereotypes and prejudices.
The psychology of inherence is self-referential (and that is a good thing)
Authors: Bookstein Fred L.
Published: January 2015

Cimpian & Salomon (C&S) appear to characterize the inherence heuristic and essentialism as unwise or childish aspects of human reasoning. But actually, these cognitive modes lie at the core of statistical analysis across all of the quantitative sciences, including the developmental cognitive psychology in which the argument here is couched. Their whole argument is as much an example of its topic as an analysis of it.
A single cognitive heuristic process meets the complexity of domain-specific moral heuristics
Authors: Dubljević Veljko , Racine Eric
Published: January 2015

Theinherence heuristic(a) offers modest insights into the complex nature of both theis–oughttension in moral reasoning and moral reasoning per se, and (b) does not reflect the complexity of domain-specific moral heuristics. Formal and general in nature, we contextualize the process described as “inherence heuristic” in a web of domain-specific heuristics (e.g., agent specific; action specific; consequences specific).
The inherence heuristic is inherent in humans
Authors: Hampton James A.
Published: January 2015

The inherence heuristic is too broad as a theoretical notion. The authors are at risk of applying their own heuristic in supporting itself. Nonetheless the article provides useful insight into the ways in which people overestimate the coherence and completeness of their understanding of the world.
Does the inherence heuristic take us to psychological essentialism?
Authors: Marmodoro Anna , Murphy Robin A. , Baker A. G.
Published: January 2015

We argue that the claim that essence-based causal explanations emerge, hydra-like, from an inherence heuristic is incomplete. No plausible mechanism for the transition from concrete properties, or cues, to essences is provided. Moreover, the fundamental shotgun and storytelling mechanisms of the inherence heuristic are not clearly enough specified to distinguish them, developmentally, from associative or causal networks.
‘Patria, Honor y Fuerza’: A Study of a Right-Wing Youth Movement in Mexico during the 1930s–1960s
Authors: BREWSTER CLAIRE , BREWSTER KEITH
Published: January 2015

This article focuses on the intricate and developing nature of official politics and grassroots activism in post-revolutionary Mexico. It does so by tracing the trajectory of the Pentathlón Deportivo Militar Universitario, a right-wing youth movement that emerged in Mexico in 1938. By locating the group within both the international and domestic emergence of youth movements in the early twentieth century, the article shows how the study of Pentathlón's formation, objectives and later evolution can significantly enrich our understanding of an important phase in Mexico's post-revolutionary history. Within the context of right wing oppositional politics, analysis of the movement provides a fascinating insight into both the emerging Mexican state's ability to appropriate the radical impulses of the younger generation and the Pentathlón's willingness to accommodate such strategies in order to ensure its own survival.
The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976
Authors: MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ALBERTO , CORTINA ORERO EUDALD
Published: January 2015

Using interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.
Ideas and Leaders in Contentious Politics: One Parish Priest in El Salvador's Popular Movement
Authors: SANCHEZ PETER M.
Published: January 2015

This paper examines the actions of one Salvadorean priest – Padre David Rodríguez – in one parish – Tecoluca – to underscore the importance of religious leadership in the rise of El Salvador's contentious political movement that began in the early 1970s, when the guerrilla organisations were only just beginning to develop. Catholic leaders became engaged in promoting contentious politics, however, only after the Church had experienced an ideological conversion, commonly referred to as liberation theology. A focus on one priest, in one parish, allows for generalisation, since scores of priests, nuns and lay workers in El Salvador followed the same injustice frame and tactics that generated extensive political mobilisation throughout the country. While structural conditions, collective action and resource mobilisation are undoubtedly necessary, the case of religious leaders in El Salvador suggests that ideas and leadership are of vital importance for the rise of contentious politics at a particular historical moment.
Refining and expanding the proposal of an inherence heuristic in human understanding
Authors: Cimpian Andrei , Salomon Erika
Published: January 2015

The inherence heuristic is a cognitive process that supplies quick and effortless explanations for a wide variety of observations. Due in part to biases in memory retrieval, this heuristic tends to overproduce explanations that appeal to the inherent features of the entities in the observations being explained (hence the heuristic's name). In this response, we use the commentators' input to clarify, refine, and expand the inherence heuristic model. The end result is a piece that complements the target article, amplifying its theoretical contribution.
THE INVARIANT MEASURE OF RANDOM WALKS IN THE QUARTER-PLANE: REPRESENTATION IN GEOMETRIC TERMS
Authors: Chen Yanting , Boucherie Richard J. , Goseling Jasper
Published: January 2015

We consider the invariant measure of homogeneous random walks in the quarter-plane. In particular, we consider measures that can be expressed as a finite linear combination of geometric terms and present conditions on the structure of these linear combinations such that the resulting measure may yield an invariant measure of a random walk. We demonstrate that each geometric term must individually satisfy the balance equations in the interior of the state space and further show that the geometric terms in an invariant measure must have a pairwise-coupled structure. Finally, we show that at least one of the coefficients in the linear combination must be negative.
THE FAILURE RATE SHAPE FOR A MIXTURE OF TWO GAMMAS
Authors: Block Henry W. , Savits Thomas H. , Langberg Naftali A.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we continue our investigation of the shape of the failure rate of a mixture of two densities. In our recent paper, Block, Langberg and Savits [2], we introduced a variation of Glaser's method in which we emphasized the role of the mixing parameter q. There we determined all possible shapes of the failure rate function for a mixture of one exponential and one gamma density. Here we classify all possible shapes for a mixture of two gamma densities having shape parameters b, c>0 and scale parameters λ, μ>0.
ZigBee Ranging using Phase Shift Measurements
Authors: Rapinski Jacek , Smieja Michal
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the results of distance measurements performed with an AT86RF233 chip. It uses a combination of time of flight and phase shift measurements to perform ranging. The statistical parameters describing the ranging results are presented and an algorithm to process raw measurement data is proposed. The results show significant improvement in ranging accuracy.
Intra-individual Variability in Prodromal Huntington Disease and Its Relationship to Genetic Burden
Authors: Musso Mandi , Westervelt Holly James , Long Jeffrey D. , Morgan Erin , Woods Steven Paul , Smith Megan M. , Lu Wenjing , Paulsen Jane S. ,   the PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group
Published: January 2015

The current study sought to examine the utility of intra-individual variability (IIV) in distinguishing participants with prodromal Huntington disease (HD) from nongene-expanded controls. IIV across 15 neuropsychological tasks and within-task IIV using a self-paced timing task were compared as a single measure of processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]) in 693 gene-expanded and 191 nongene-expanded participants from the PREDICT-HD study. After adjusting for depressive symptoms and motor functioning, individuals estimated to be closest to HD diagnosis displayed higher levels of across- and within-task variability when compared to controls and those prodromal HD participants far from disease onset (FICV(3,877)=11.25;p<.0001;FPacedTiming(3,877)=22.89;p<.0001). When prodromal HD participants closest to HD diagnosis were compared to controls, Cohen’sdeffect sizes were larger in magnitude for the within-task variability measure, paced timing (−1.01), and the SDMT (−0.79) and paced tapping coefficient of variation (CV) (−0.79) compared to the measures of across-task variability [CV (0.55); intra-individual standard deviation (0.26)]. Across-task variability may be a sensitive marker of cognitive decline in individuals with prodromal HD approaching disease onset. However, individual neuropsychological tasks, including a measure of within-task variability, produced larger effect sizes than an index of across-task IIV in this sample. (JINS, 2015,21, 8–21)
White Matter Integrity Dissociates Verbal Memory and Auditory Attention Span in Emerging Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Brewster Ryan C. , King Tricia Z. , Burns Thomas G. , Drossner David M. , Mahle William T.
Published: January 2015

White matter disruptions have been identified in individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, no specific theory-driven relationships between microstructural white matter disruptions and cognition have been established in CHD. We conducted a two-part study. First, we identified significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) of emerging adults with CHD using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). TBSS analyses between 22 participants with CHD and 18 demographically similar controls identified five regions of normal appearing white matter with significantly lower FA in CHD, and two higher. Next, two regions of lower FA in CHD were selected to examine theory-driven differential relationships with cognition: voxels along the left uncinate fasciculus (UF; a tract theorized to contribute to verbal memory) and voxels along the right middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP; a tract previously linked to attention). In CHD, a significant positive correlation between UF FA and memory was found,r(20)=.42,p=.049 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between UF and auditory attention span. A positive correlation between MCP FA and auditory attention span was found,r(20)=.47,p=.027 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between MCP and memory. In controls, no significant relationships were identified. These results are consistent with previous literature demonstrating lower FA in younger CHD samples, and provide novel evidence for disrupted white matter integrity in emerging adults with CHD. Furthermore, a correlational double dissociation established distinct white matter circuitry (UF and MCP) and differential cognitive correlates (memory and attention span, respectively) in young adults with CHD. (JINS, 2015,21, 22–33)
Effects of preventive home visits by district nurses on self-reported health of 75-year-olds
Authors: Sherman Helena , Söderhielm- Blid Susanne , Forsberg Christina , Karp Anita , Törnkvist Lena
Published: January 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of preventive home visits (PHVs) by district nurses (DNs) on the self-reported health of 75-year-olds, including changes in self-reported health after the visits. The study also investigated whether or not the participants believed the visit was useful.

Background

There is a need for methods that promote health among older persons so that they can remain healthy as long as possible. One such method is PHVs. In Sweden, the Stockholm County Council decided to implement such visits to 75-year-olds.

Methods

The study was a cluster-controlled trial carried out in Stockholm. Sixteen healthcare centres (HCCs) were randomly selected from five geographic medical areas in the county. Eight were assigned to the study group (SG) and eight to the control group (CG). The 75-year-olds registered at these centres (SGn=176, CGn=262) filled in a questionnaire before and after the intervention. Each SG member received a PHV from a DN, and the CG was treated as usual.

Findings

At follow-up, both the groups reported decreased health and well-being. However, the SG reported a significant reduction in pain as an effect of the PHV. Participants in the SG reported increased knowledge of local community and county council services, more contacts with their HCCs and increased use of medication. The PHV had no effect on health behaviour. The CG reported significantly more problems in the categories of activities of daily living (ADL) and breathing/circulation. Eighty-four per cent of the participants reported that the PHV was somewhat useful, useful or very useful.
Between the Constitutional Document and the Constitutional Settlement
Authors: WTE  , TWB  , JHR
Published: January 2015

Ten years ago, as the European Constitutional Treaty was made ready for signature, this journal was made ready for launching. Both events would take place at the end of October 2004. Our first issue was, of course, devoted to the Treaty. It broke down the document's substance into twenty-four key topics, each dealt with in turn by the members of the editorial and the advisory boards. From that first issue, the course of this journal would become inspired less by the document, however, than by the events concerning the constitutional settlement as it evolved for the Union.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE DISBANDING OF NONPROFIT HUMAN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Garrow Eve E.
Published: January 2015

This paper draws insights from the sociological study of residential segregation and the institutional perspective on organizations to examine the influence of the racial and ethnic composition of the neighborhood on organizational disbanding. The analysis, which combines panel data on a probability sample of nonprofit human service organizations with census data, reveals systematic differences: The percentage of Blacks and Latinos in the census tract is positively associated with the odds that organizations surveyed in 2002 had disbanded by 2011 after controlling for a variety of organizational and environmental factors. By contrast, an increase in the percentage of Whites in the census tract decreased the odds of organizational disbanding. Results highlight the effects of the racial and spatial landscape on organizational life chances, with implications for the capacity of the nonprofit human services sector to reach the most isolated and disadvantaged populations.
CONTESTED TERRAIN
Authors: Bates Timothy
Published: January 2015

Since 1969, the procurement powers of government have been used proactively to assist minority-owned businesses. Originating in the U.S. Small Business Administration, the practice of targeting procurement contracts to minority-owned business enterprises (MBEs) has expanded throughout government and corporate America. Compared to other minorities, Black-owned firms have been the most active participants. Preferential procurement has been controversial for decades, and its effectiveness for assisting bona fide MBEs has been repeatedly questioned. “Front-company” abuses have received abundant media attention; allegations of reverse discrimination have inspired legal challenges; the judiciary has often thrown out procurement preferences targeted to minorities. Less attention has focused on understanding whether racially targeted procurement preferences have assisted minority-owned businesses.

As the multi-billion dollar government and corporate procurement market opened up, employment in Black-owned firms operating in the impacted industries soared. Growing access to procurement opportunities encouraged firm creation and expansion. Government entities operating successful programs actively screened out front firms, eased bonding requirements, downsized and unbundled contracts, and paid MBE vendor invoices promptly. In the process, they effectively lowered key barriers limiting MBE participation in mainstream procurement markets. Well-designed and administered programs succeeded because they created a less discriminatory environment, thus allowing talented entrepreneurs to build large firms. Problems notwithstanding, preferential procurement programs have been highly successful, and this success is a reflection of declining barriers unleashing the creativity of new generations of Black entrepreneurs.
NAIVE SET THEORY AND NONTRANSITIVE LOGIC
Authors: RIPLEY DAVID
Published: January 2015

In a recent series of papers, I and others have advanced new logical approaches to familiar paradoxes. The key to these approaches is to accept full classical logic, and to accept the principles that cause paradox, while preventing trouble by allowing a certain sort ofnontransitivity. Earlier papers have treated paradoxes of truth and vagueness. The present paper will begin to extend the approach to deal with the familiar paradoxes arising in naive set theory, pointing out some of the promises and pitfalls of such an approach.
Revisiting the political life-cycle model: later maturation and turnout decline among young adults
Authors: Smets Kaat
Published: January 2015

Turnout among young adults has declined steadily in various advanced industrial democracies in recent decades. At the same time, as a consequence of delayed transitions to adulthood, many life-cycle events considered important for the development of electoral participation are experienced later in life. These combined trends call for a revaluation of the political life-cycle model and the way in which it explains voter turnout among young adults. More specifically, in this paper it is argued that variation in the timing of life events has been overlooked as an explanatory factor of generational differences in young adults’ propensity to turn out to vote. With accumulating evidence that the decision to vote is to some extent habitual, a lack of life experiences may cause young adults to form the habit to abstain rather than to vote. If the mechanisms of the life-cycle model are indeed correct, later maturation should at least partially explain why young adults these days are less inclined to vote than their parents or grandparents in their younger years. Based on the British Election Studies from 1964 to 2010, the findings of this study confirm generally observed patterns of a delayed assumption of adult roles by young citizens. This trend toward later maturation negatively affects turnout levels of young citizens. If maturation levels had remained at pre-war levels, the average turnout among Britain’s post-seventies generation would have been no less than 12 percentage points higher.
The Importance of Setting a Target: The EU Ambition of a High Level of Protection
Authors: Misonne Delphine
Published: January 2015

The European Union (EU) aims to ensure a high level of environmental protection. This is a key message of primary EU law. This article explores the purpose and meaning of this explicit ambition. It deciphers its influence on case law and on judicial review of legislative and administrative discretion. It argues that the requirement goes beyond window dressing and that its added value lies both in supporting the legitimacy of bold decisions and in preventing a manifest dismissal of the requisites of environmental protection.

Although primarily focused on EU law and on its technicalities, the article may offer helpful insights to other transnational or federal systems. It may help to build a better understanding of some of the challenges facing any environmental law regime confronted with the sensitive issue of ‘ambition’.
An internal ribosome entry site in the 5′ untranslated region of epidermal growth factor receptor allows hypoxic expression
Authors: Webb T E , Hughes A , Smalley D S , Spriggs K A
Published: January 2015

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1/HER1) is implicated in the progress of numerous cancers, a feature that has been exploited in the development of EGFR antibodies and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. However, EGFR also has important normal cellular functions, leading to serious side effects when EGFR is inhibited. One damaging characteristic of many oncogenes is the ability to be expressed in the hypoxic conditions associated with the tumour interior. It has previously been demonstrated that expression of EGFR is maintained in hypoxic conditions via an unknown mechanism of translational control, despite global translation rates generally being attenuated under hypoxic conditions. In this report, we demonstrate that the human EGFR 5′ untranslated region (UTR) sequence can initiate the expression of a downstream open reading frame via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We show that this effect is not due to either cryptic promoter activity or splicing events. We have investigated the requirement of the EGFR IRES for eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), which is an RNA helicase responsible for processing RNA secondary structure as part of translation initiation. Treatment with hippuristanol (a potent inhibitor of eIF4A) caused a decrease in EGFR 5′ UTR-driven reporter activity and also a reduction in EGFR protein level. Importantly, we show that expression of a reporter gene under the control of the EGFR IRES is maintained under hypoxic conditions despite a fall in global translation rates.
Embryonic stem cell differentiation requires full length Chd1
Authors: Piatti Paolo , Lim Chin Yan , Nat Roxana , Villunger Andreas , Geley Stephan , Shue Yan Ting , Soratroi Claudia , Moser Markus , Lusser Alexandra
Published: January 2015

The modulation of chromatin dynamics by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors has been recognized as an important mechanism to regulate the balancing of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here we have studied the effects of a partial deletion of the gene encoding the chromatin remodeling factor Chd1 that generates an N-terminally truncated version of Chd1 in mouse ESCs in vitro as well as in vivo. We found that a previously uncharacterized serine-rich region (SRR) at the N-terminus is not required for chromatin assembly activity of Chd1 but that it is subject to phosphorylation. Expression of Chd1 lacking this region in ESCs resulted in aberrant differentiation properties of these cells. The self-renewal capacity and ESC chromatin structure, however, were not affected. Notably, we found that newly established ESCs derived from Chd1Δ2/Δ2 mutant mice exhibited similar differentiation defects as in vitro generated mutant ESCs, even though the N-terminal truncation of Chd1 was fully compatible with embryogenesis and post-natal life in the mouse. These results underscore the importance of Chd1 for the regulation of pluripotency in ESCs and provide evidence for a hitherto unrecognized critical role of the phosphorylated N-terminal SRR for full functionality of Chd1.
Nonuniform gene expression pattern detected along the longitudinal axis in the matured rice leaf
Authors: Li Ning , Chen Yun-Ru , Ding Zehong , Li Pinghua , Wu Ying , Zhang Ai , Yu Sheng , Giovannoni James J. , Fei Zhangjun , Zhang Wei , Xiang Jenny Z. , Xu Chunming , Liu Bao , Zhong Silin
Published: January 2015

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple crop that supports half the world's population and an important monocot model system. Monocot leaf matures in a basipetal manner and has a well-defined developmental gradient along the longitudinal axis. However, little is known about its transcriptional dynamics after leaf maturation. In this study, we have reconstructed a high spatial resolution transcriptome for the matured rice leaf by sectioning the leaf into seven 3-cm fragments. We have performed strand-specific Illumina sequencing to generate gene expression profiles for each fragment. We found that the matured leaf contains a longitudinal gene expression gradient, with 6.97% (2,603) of the expressed genes showing differentially expression along the seven sections. The leaf transcriptome showed a gradual transition from accumulating transcripts related to primary cell wall and basic cellular metabolism at the base to those involved in photosynthesis and energy production in the middle and catabolic metabolism process toward the tip.
Interplay between carotenoids, hemoproteins and the “life band” origin studied in live Rhodotorula mucilaginosa cells by means of Raman microimaging
Authors: Pacia Marta Z. , Turnau Katarzyna , Baranska Malgorzata , Kaczor Agnieszka
Published: January 2015

Raman microimaging of live Rhodotorula mucilaginosa cells enabled the interrelation of carotenoids, hemoproteins and the unknown species related to the “Raman signature of life”.
Rapid identification of goblet cells in unstained colon thin sections by means of quantum cascade laser-based infrared microspectroscopy
Authors: Kröger-Lui N. , Gretz N. , Haase K. , Kränzlin B. , Neudecker S. , Pucci A. , Regenscheit A. , Schönhals A. , Petrich W.
Published: January 2015

Mucin density is rapidly visualized in unstained, paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue by means of mid-infrared spectroscopy using quantum cascade lasers.
Extremely supercharged proteins in mass spectrometry: profiling the pH of electrospray generated droplets, narrowing charge state distributions, and increasing ion fragmentation
Authors: Zenaidee Muhammad A. , Donald William A.
Published: January 2015

High-performance solutions for supercharging proteins in electrospray ionization were optimized and the origin of the strong dependence of supercharging on acid strength was investigated.
Role of UHPLC in evaluating as-synthesised ligand-protected gold nanoparticles products
Authors: Paau Man Chin , Hu Qin , Zhang Yan , Choi Martin M. F.
Published: January 2015

This paper reports an efficient and fast UHPLC method to separate complex mixtures of gold nanoparticles synthesised in various conditions.
A non-invasive NMR and MRI method to analyze the rehydration of dried sea cucumber
Authors: Geng Shaote , Wang Huihui , Wang Xiaoling , Ma Xiaojun , Xiao Shan , Wang Jihui , Tan Mingqian
Published: January 2015

NMR and MRI were employed to analyze the water uptake and distribution during rehydration processing of lightly dried sea cucumbers. Good linear correlations were observed between the NMR parameters and texture profile analysis.
Determination of steroid hormones in milk using aqueous two-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Na , Yang Xiao , Nian Li , Wang Zhibing , Lei Lei , Wang Kun , Zhang Hanqi , Yu Aimin , Zhang Ziwei
Published: January 2015

An acetonitrile (ACN)-salt based aqueous two-phase system was developed and applied to the extraction of steroid hormones in milk.
A facile synthesis of trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane and its π-extension and the formation of a two-dimensional honeycomb molecular assembly
Authors: Kubo Takashi , Miyazaki Shogo , Kodama Takuya , Aoba Mitsuya , Hirao Yasukazu , Kurata Hiroyuki
Published: January 2015

The multi-gram-scale synthesis of trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane, its π-extension, and the formation of two-dimensional honeycomb layers were achieved.
Catalytic epoxidation by perrhenate through the formation of organic-phase supramolecular ion pairs
Authors: Cokoja Mirza , Markovits Iulius I. E. , Anthofer Michael H. , Poplata Saner , Pöthig Alexander , Morris Danny S. , Tasker Peter A. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E. , Love Jason B.
Published: January 2015

Organic-phase supramolecular ion pair (SIP) host–guest assemblies of perrhenate anions (ReO4−) with ammonium amide receptor cations are reported.
New insights into the mechanism of iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Bekhradnia Ahmadreza , Norrby Per-Ola
Published: January 2015

The computational studies on the mechanism of the iron-catalyzed cross-coupling revealed that the AT pathway requires less energy than the regular OA pathway.
Workplace exposure to airborne alumina nanoparticles associated with separation and packaging processes in a pilot factory
Authors: Xing Mingluan , Zou Hua , Gao Xiangjing , Chang Bing , Tang Shichuan , Zhang Meibian
Published: January 2015

Workplace exposure to airborne Al2O3 nanoparticles in a pilot factory was characterised by particle concentrations, size distribution, morphology and chemical composition, compared with background particles.
Comparison of nickel speciation in workplace aerosol samples using sequential extraction analysis and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy
Authors: Van Loon Lisa L. , Throssell Cassidy , Dutton Michael D.
Published: January 2015

XANES and Zatka speciation methods were compared for application in epidemiology of occupational aerosols from sulphidic nickel production.
Levels of bisphenol-A in different paper products in Guangzhou, China, and assessment of human exposure via dermal contact
Authors: Fan Ruifang , Zeng Biyan , Liu Xiaosu , Chen Chao , Zhuang Qinwei , Wang Yongjun , Hu Mingli , Lv Yanshan , Li Junnan , Zhou Yuanxiu , Lin Zhi Yuan William
Published: January 2015

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical widely used both in plastics production as a food and beverage container and in thermal papers as a color developer.
A fixed bed column study for the removal of Pb2+ ions by watermelon rind
Authors: Lakshmipathy R. , Sarada N. C.
Published: January 2015

The present study reports the feasibility of removing Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution using watermelon rind (WR) as a low cost adsorbent.
Effects of xylitol on carbohydrate digesting enzymes activity, intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake: a multi-mode study
Authors: Chukwuma Chika Ifeanyi , Islam Md. Shahidul
Published: January 2015

Some possible mechanisms behind the anti-diabetic effects of xylitol have been understood from the results of this study.
A microfluidic timer for timed valving and pumping in centrifugal microfluidics
Authors: Schwemmer F. , Zehnle S. , Mark D. , von Stetten F. , Zengerle R. , Paust N.
Published: January 2015

The microfluidic timer, a new unit operation for timing of valving and pumping in centrifugal microfluidics.
A multichannel neural probe with embedded microfluidic channels for simultaneous in vivo neural recording and drug delivery
Authors: Lee Hyunjoo J. , Son Yoojin , Kim Jeongyeon , Lee C. Justin , Yoon Eui-Sung , Cho Il-Joo
Published: January 2015

Multi-functional neural probes integrated with various stimulation modalities are becoming essential tools in neuroscience to study the brain more effectively.
Proteomic and metabolic profiles of Cakile maritima Scop. Sea Rocket grown in the presence of cadmium
Authors: Taamalli Manel , D’Alessandro Angelo , Marrocco Cristina , Gevi Federica , Timperio Anna Maria , Zolla Lello
Published: January 2015

Recent physiological reports have documented how Cakile maritima Scop. Sea Rocket could accumulate high doses of Cd without altering its physiological parameters.
Marine natural products
Authors: Blunt John W. , Copp Brent R. , Keyzers Robert A. , Munro Murray H. G. , Prinsep Michèle R.
Published: January 2015

This review of marine natural products for 2013 describes 1137 new compounds and reports structural revisions and assignments of absolute configurations for previously described compounds. Included is a report of the anticancer sponge metabolite PM060184 that has undergone a remarkably rapid development from discovery in 2005 to the commencement of phase I clinical trials in 2011.
Bacterial adhesion force quantification by fluidic force microscopy
Authors: Potthoff Eva , Ossola Dario , Zambelli Tomaso , Vorholt Julia A.
Published: January 2015

Fluidic force microscopy demonstrates the potential to quantify bacterial adhesion by single-cell force spectroscopy, achieving higher immobilization forces than state-of-the-art cell-cantilever interactions. Reversible cell fixation on the tip allows for serial measurements of many cells in the nN range using a single cantilever.
Engineering of nanoscale defect patterns in CeO2 nanorods via ex situ and in situ annealing
Authors: Sakthivel Tamil Selvan , Reid David L. , Bhatta Umananda M. , Möbus Günter , Sayle Dean C. , Seal Sudipta
Published: January 2015

Annealing of cerium oxide nanorods results in the evolution of distinct cavities with polyhedral morphologies due to the high temperature activated rearrangement of cerium and oxygen atoms and vacancies on the as-synthesized nanorods.
Single-digit-resolution nanopatterning with extreme ultraviolet light for the 2.5 nm technology node and beyond
Authors: Mojarad N. , Hojeij M. , Wang L. , Gobrecht J. , Ekinci Y.
Published: January 2015

Using extreme ultraviolet interference lithography, we demonstrate patterning of different inorganic photoresists, reaching the highest reported photolithography resolution of 7 nm half-pitch.
Mechanics of single peptide hydrogelator fibrils
Authors: Li Ying , Sun Yang , Qin Meng , Cao Yi , Wang Wei
Published: January 2015

The rigidity of peptide fibers is essential for their chemical and biological functions, despite that it remains largely unexplored.
Synthesis and assessment of 4-aminotetrahydroquinazoline derivatives as tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction inhibitors
Authors: Sedenkova Kseniya N. , Dueva Evgenia V. , Averina Elena B. , Grishin Yuri K. , Osolodkin Dmitry I. , Kozlovskaya Liubov I. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Savelyev Evgenii N. , Orlinson Boris S. , Novakov Ivan A. , Butov Gennady M. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Karganova Galina G. , Zefirov Nikolay S.
Published: January 2015

A versatile synthesis of 4-aminopyrimidine N-oxides is developed and applied to obtain anti-TBEV agents.
Thermal effects in polymerisations – a live view differentiating between bulk effects, thermal diffusion, and oxygen inhibition
Authors: Geier Roman , Wappl Christina , Freiszmuth Hilde , Slugovc Christian , Gescheidt Georg
Published: January 2015

Thermography has been shown to be an efficient tool for the screening of hear-transfer effects and oxygen inhibition.
Hypercrosslinked porous polycarbazoles via one-step oxidative coupling reaction and Friedel–Crafts alkylation
Authors: Pan Long , Chen Qi , Zhu Jian-Hua , Yu Jia-Guo , He Yu-Jian , Han Bao-Hang
Published: January 2015

Facile preparation of hypercrosslinked carbazole-based porous organic polymers via FeCl3-promoted one-step oxidative coupling reaction and Friedel–Crafts alkylation from the vinyl or hydroxymethyl functionalized carbazole is reported.
Open metal sites dangled on cobalt trigonal prismatic clusters within porous MOF for CO2 capture
Authors: Gao Wen-Yang , Palakurty Sathvik , Wojtas Lukasz , Chen Yu-Sheng , Ma Shengqian
Published: January 2015

A porous MOF adapting a rare SBU with open metal sites dangled on cobalt trigonal prismatic clusters has been constructed based upon a custom-designed octacarboxylate ligand.
Ethanol–NaOH solidification method to intensify chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/attapulgite composite film
Authors: Lu Hailin , Wang Wenbo , Wang Aiqin
Published: January 2015

Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) films have recently attracted considerable attention.
Quantum confined CdS inclusion in graphene oxide for improved electrical conductivity and facile charge transfer in hetero-junction solar cell
Authors: Rajeswari Yogamalar N. , Sadhanandam K. , Chandra Bose A. , Jayavel R.
Published: January 2015

Simple surface functionalization of GO was employed with the quantum confined CdS towards the fabrication of pn hetero-junction based solar cell.
Self-assembly of miscible homopolymer/quasi-block copolymer blends/MWNT composites: a strategy to obtain ultralow electrical percolation threshold and mechanism
Authors: Xu Ri , Xu Xuecheng
Published: January 2015

We utilized self-assembly of miscible polymer blends/CNTs composites to obtain ultralow electrical percolation threshold, with different results of both miscibility and glass transition temperature variations from antecedent works.
Unprecedented ferrocene–quinoline conjugates: facile proton conduction via 1D helical water chains and a selective chemosensor for Zn(ii) ions in water
Authors: Ponniah S Joseph , Barik Subrat Kumar , Borthakur Rosmita , Thakur Arunabha , Garai Bikash , Jana Sourita , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: January 2015

Absorption of water by a ferrocene–quinoline conjugate shows H-bonded 3D-networks of water in the molecular pockets and it acts as an efficient proton conductor.
A comparative study of the catalytic activity of nanosized oxides in the one-pot synthesis of highly substituted dihydropyridines
Authors: Safaei-Ghomi Javad , Heidari-Baghbahadorani Elham , Shahbazi-Alavi Hossein , Asgari-Kheirabadi Mehrnoosh
Published: January 2015

A flexible and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of highly substituted dihydropyridines using nano CeO2 has been developed.
Color-tunable luminescence and energy transfer properties of Eu2+- and Mn2+-activated BaCa2MgSi2O8 phosphor for ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yang Zheng , Lin Pin-Chun , Guo Chong-Feng , Liu Wei-Ren
Published: January 2015

A color-tunable BaCa2MgSi2O8:1%Eu2+, 20%Mn2+ phosphor demonstrates CIE coordinates of (0.3384, 0.2176) and CRI of 82. The results indicate that the as-synthesized phosphor could be a single-phased and white-emitting phosphor for use in UV LEDs.
An X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of the coordination environment of electrogenerated Ni(ii)-pseudohalide complexes arising from the anodic polarization of Ni electrodes in DMSO solutions of NCO−, NCS−and NCSe−ions
Authors: Alwis Kethsiri H. K. L. , Ingham Bridget , Mucalo Michael R. , Kappen Peter , Glover Chris
Published: January 2015

EXAFS/XANES measurements combined with IR spectroelectrochemistry directly probein situthe coordination sphere of electrogenerated ions in metal electrode systems so obviating the need to isolate ions unchanged from the electrolyte for analysis.
One-pot cascade synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans via ortho-quinone methide intermediates generated in situ
Authors: Shaikh Abdul kadar , Varvounis George
Published: January 2015

A simple and efficient one-pot cascade reaction for the regioselective synthesis oftransorcis/trans-2,3-disubstituted 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, is described.
Hierarchical nanostructured polypyrrole/graphene composites as supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Fan Xin , Yang Zhewei , He Nan
Published: January 2015

PPy was firstly formed on the surface of GO modified by CTAB, and the as-prepared PPy/GO-CTAB was further reduced to synthesize PPy/rGO-CTAB composite by vitamin C under a mild condition.
Tadpole-shaped β-cyclodextrin-tagged poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone): synthesis, characterization and studies of its complexation with phenolphthalein and anti tumor activities
Authors: Vishwakarma Niraj Kumar , Patel Vijay Kumar , Hira Sumit Kumar , Ramesh K. , Srivastava Prateek , Mitra Kheyanath , Singh Shikha , Chattopadhyay Dipankar , Maiti Pralay , Misra Nira , Manna Partha Pratim , Ray Biswajit
Published: January 2015

DOX-loaded β-CD-PNVP shows more effective delivery of DOX compared to free DOX towards the U2-OS, MCF-7 and HEPG2 cell lines.
Low-temperature synthesis and electrophoretic deposition of shape-controlled titanium dioxide nanocrystals
Authors: Jouenne Vincent , Duvail Jean-Luc , Brohan Luc , Gautron Eric , Richard-Plouet Mireille
Published: January 2015

A comprehensive, low-temperature strategy for obtaining optimized, dense and nanostructured TiO2 thin films is proposed.
p-BiOI/n-SnS2 heterojunction flowerlike structure with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Wang Tingting , Meng Hui , Yu Xiang , Liu Yizhu , Chen Hongbin , Zhu Yi , Tang Jinpeng , Tong Yexiang , Zhang Yuanming
Published: January 2015

A flowerlike BiOI/SnS2 p–n junction is prepared. P–n junction is formed by wide-band-gap n-type SnS2 and narrow-band-gap p-type BiOI. The p–n junction lead to improved electron–hole separation and enhancement in photocatalytic performance.
Application of chiral ligands: carbohydrates, nucleoside-lanthanides and other Lewis acid complexes to control regio- and stereoselectivity of the dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides and esters
Authors: Gucma Mirosław , Gołębiewski W. Marek , Krawczyk Maria
Published: January 2015

Enantioselectivity of the cycloaddition up to 99.8%.
Anhydrous proton exchange membranes at elevated temperatures: effect of protic ionic liquids and crosslinker on proton conductivity
Authors: Yang Yi , Gao Hejun , Zheng Liqiang
Published: January 2015

Anhydrous proton exchange membranes based on PVA and ILs can be applied at high temperatures.
Hybrid polypeptide hydrogels produced via native chemical ligation
Authors: Fan Zhiping , Zhang Yemin , Ji Jinkai , Li Xinsong
Published: January 2015

The NCL crosslinked hybrid hydrogels composed of poly(γ-glutamic acid) and ε-poly-lysine have good biocompatibility and tunable properties.
Ultrasonic-assisted self-assembly synthesis of highly dispersed β-MnO2 nano-branches interwoven with graphene flakes for catalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds
Authors: Mei Jun , Zhang Long
Published: January 2015

The highly dispersed β-MnO2 nano-branches interwoven with graphene flakes demonstrate enhanced catalytic oxidation of aromatic compounds.
Oxygen-driven, high-efficiency production of nitrogen-doped carbon dots from alkanolamines and their application for two-photon cellular imaging
Authors: Hu Yaoping , Yang Jing , Tian Jiangwei , Jia Li , Yu Jun-Sheng
Published: January 2015

A novel oxygen-driven method has been developed for low-cost, large-scale, and high-efficiency production of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-C-dots) using various alkanolamines as both precursors and solvents.
Formation of a C–C double bond from two aliphatic carbons. Multiple C–H activations in an iridium pincer complex
Authors: Polukeev Alexey V. , Marcos Rocío , Ahlquist Mårten S. G. , Wendt Ola F.
Published: January 2015

Iridium can mediate a reversible intramolecular coupling reaction involving up to four unactivated Csp3–H bonds, to give a carbon–carbon double bond.
Evaluation of antiwear activity of substituted benzoylhydrazones and their copper(ii) complexes in paraffin oil as efficient low SAPS additives and their interactions with the metal surface using density functional theory
Authors: Jaiswal Vinay , Gupta Shraddha R. , Rastogi Rashmi B. , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Vinod P.
Published: January 2015

The graphical abstract illustrates antiwear efficiency of studied low SAPS Schiff bases and their copper(ii) complexes.
One-pot synthesis of CoFe2O4/graphene oxide hybrids and their conversion into FeCo/graphene hybrids for lightweight and highly efficient microwave absorber
Authors: Li Xinghua , Feng Juan , Du Yaping , Bai Jintao , Fan Haiming , Zhang Haoli , Peng Yong , Li Fashen
Published: January 2015

CoFe2O4/graphene oxide hybrids have been successfully fabricated via a facile one-pot polyol route, followed by chemical conversion into FeCo/graphene hybrids under H2/NH3 atomosphere.
A general strategy for the facile synthesis of AuM (M = Pt/Pd) alloyed flowerlike-assembly nanochains for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: He Li-Li , Song Pei , Wang Ai-Jun , Zheng Jie-Ning , Mei Li-Ping , Feng Jiu-Ju
Published: January 2015

A facile general strategy was designed for the preparation of AuM (M = Pt or Pd) alloyed flowerlike-assembly nanochains (FANs) with the assistance of diprophylline as a structure-directing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared nanochains exhibited improved electrocatalytic performances for ORR.