bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating Erythrocyte Microparticles and the Biochemical Extent of Myocardial Injury in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Giannopoulos Georgios , Vrachatis Dimitrios A. , Oudatzis Georgios , Paterakis Georgios , Angelidis Christos , Koutivas Athanasios , Sianos Georgios , Cleman Michael W. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Lekakis John , Deftereos Spyridon
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Red blood cell microparticles (RBCm) have potential adverse vascular effects and they have been shown to be elevated in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The purpose of this study is to investigate their relationship with biochemical infarct size. Methods: RBCm were quantified with flow cytometry in blood drawn from 60 STEMI patients after a primary angioplasty. The creatine kinase-myocardial brain fraction (CK-MB) was measured at predefined time points and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: RBCm count was correlated with CK-MB AUC (Spearman's ρ = 0.83, p < 0.001). The CK-MB AUC values per RBCm quartile (lower to upper) were: 3,351 (2,452-3,608), 5,005 (4,450-5,424), 5,903 (4,862-10,594), and 8,406 (6,848-12,782) ng × h/ml, respectively. From lower to upper quartiles, the maximal troponin I values were: 42.2 (23.3-49.3), 49.6 (28.8-54.1), 59.2 (41.4-77.3), and 69.1 (48.0-77.5) ng/ml (p = 0.005). In multivariable analysis, RBCm remained a significant predictor of CK-MB AUC (standardized β = 0.63, adjusted p = 0.001). Conclusions: Erythrocyte microparticles appear to be related to the total myocardial damage biomarker output. The exact pathophysiologic routes, if any, for this interaction remain to be identified. However, these results suggest that erythrocytes may be a - thus far virtually ignored - player in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury.
Seed Dispersal of Threatened Tree Species by a Critically Endangered Primate in a Brazilian Hotspot
Authors: Canale Gustavo Rodrigues , Suscke Priscila , Rocha-Santos Larissa , Bernardo Christine Steiner São , Kierulff Maria Cecília Martins , Chivers David John
Published: August 2016

In the northern Atlantic Forest, hunting and habitat loss have eliminated most large mammals that disperse zoochoric fruits. Due to the decrease in populations of large seed dispersers, yellow-breasted capuchins (Sapajus xanthosternos) are currently one of the largest arboreal fruit-eating mammals in the region. During 26 months, we followed 14-25 capuchins aiming to (1) present data on their dietary ecology, (2) verify the conservation status of plants in the diet, and (3) determine distance and habitat of seed deposition based on gut retention time. Capuchins showed a preference for feeding in old secondary forests in spite of the greater availability of primary forests. They fed on 109 species of fruits (42.7% of feeding frequency) and swallowed 85 species of seeds (mean width: 0.73 ± 0.57 cm; mean length: 1.17 ± 0.83 cm). Capuchins consumed mostly oil palm and manilkara fruits. We observed long distances of seed deposition (median 300-360 m); 36.8-41.7% of these events occurred in a distinct habitat, and seeds of 12 late-stage trees swallowed in the primary forest were deposited in old secondary forests. S. xanthosternos has an important role in the first phase of seed dispersal (seed removal from the parent tree and seed deposition), particularly for 23 endemic and 3 endangered plants.
Multicentric Glioma Develops via a Mutant IDH1-Independent Pathway: Immunohistochemical Study of Multicentric Glioma
Authors: Karlowee Vega , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Hirano Hirofumi , Takayasu Takeshi , Nosaka Ryo , Kolakshyapati Manish , Yoshihiro Masako , Takeshima Yukio , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Arita Kazunori , Kurisu Kaoru , Yamasaki Fumiyuki
Published: August 2016

Multicentric gliomas are very rare. Due to differences in their tumor types they remain enigmatic. We focused on the pathogenesis of multicentric gliomas and compared their immunoprofile with that of solitary gliomas. This retrospective study included 6 males and 8 females with multicentric glioma (8 glioblastomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 4 diffuse astrocytomas). Their age ranged from 27 to 75 years and all were treated between 2004 and June 2015. The expression of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), α-thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability (ATRX), p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was examined immunohistochemically; for 1p19q analysis we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In all patients, immunohistochemical staining was negative for mutant IDH1 and cytoplasmic PTEN; only 1 patient (7.1%) manifested nuclear PTEN positivity. FISH for 1p19q codeletion was negative in all 9 examined samples; 5 of 14 specimens (35.7%) were p53-positive, 9 (64.3%) were EGFR-positive, and 4 (28.6%) were ATRX-negative. The MIB-1 labeling index was 0.9-15.6% for grades II and III, and ranged between 17.3 and 52.4% for glioblastoma. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of multicentric gliomas is different from the mutant IDH1-R132H pathogenesis of lower-grade glioma and secondary glioblastomas. More studies are needed to confirm the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of multicentric glioma.
The Comparative Molecular Epidemiology of GII.P7_GII.6 and GII.P7_GII.7 Norovirus Outbreaks in Victoria, Australia, 2012-2014
Authors: Bruggink Leesa D. , Moselen Jean M. , Marshall John A.
Published: August 2016

The comparative molecular epidemiology of the related GII.P7_GII.6 and GII.P7_GII.7 noroviruses has not been examined in detail. ORF 1, ORF 2 and ORF 1/ORF 2 RT-PCR as well as sequencing and phylogeny analysis were carried out on faecal specimens from 873 gastroenteritis outbreaks in Victoria, Australia (2012-2014). There were 575 (66%) detected as positive for norovirus by means of ORF 1 RT-PCR and/or ORF 2 RT-PCR. Of these, 24 (4.2%) were GII.6 (ORF 2) outbreaks, 7 (1.2%) were GII.7 (ORF 2) outbreaks, and 1 outbreak (0.2%) involved both GII.6 (ORF 2) and GII.7 (ORF 2) noroviruses. The median age of patients identified with GII.6 (ORF 2) (84 years) was significantly different from that of patients identified with GII.7 (ORF 2) (39 years). ORF 2 GII.6 and ORF 2 GII.7 sequences were always associated with a GII.P7 ORF 1 sequence, and GII.P7 sequences fell into two clusters, with one corresponding to the GII.6 ORF 2 genotype and the other to the GII.7 ORF 2 genotype, thereby indicating that the ORF 1 has been evolving separately for the two viruses. Thus, two closely related noroviruses can have a markedly different incidence and epidemiology.
Lymph Node Fine-Needle Cytology of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Classification by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Cozzolino Immacolata , Rocco Monia , Villani Giancarlo , Picardi Marco
Published: August 2016

In the last decades, lymph node fine-needle cytology (FNC), coupled with flow cytometry (FC), has gained a role in the diagnosis and classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The combination of FNC/FC allows the diagnosis and classification of NHL in lymph node samples with a high sensitivity and specificity by combining cytological features and specific phenotypic profiles. The present review provides a brief technical description of FC and a detailed analysis of the current markers and their combinations (diagnostic algorithm) for the diagnosis and classification of NHL. The basic principles of clonality assessment, as well as the diagnostic strengths and weaknesses of the procedure, are reported. The current diagnostic algorithms for NHL classification are critically reviewed with a focus on specific problems related to single entities. Moreover, this review provides a detailed analysis of the different clinical contexts in which FNC/FC is performed and related implications. Future and further applications of FNC/FC for NHL are also discussed.
Generalized Epilepsy and Myoclonic Seizures in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Strehlow Vincent , Swinkels Marielle E.M. , Thomas Rhys H. , Rapps Nora , Syrbe Steffen , Dorn Thomas , Lemke Johannes R.
Published: August 2016

Prompted by the observations of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and recurrent copy number variants in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), we searched for further evidence supporting a possible correlation of 22q11DS with GGE and with myoclonic seizures. Through routine diagnostics, we identified 3 novel individuals with the seemingly uncommon combination of 22q11DS and JME. We subsequently screened the literature for reports focussing on the epilepsy phenotype in 22q11DS. We additionally screened a database of 173 22q11DS patients and identified a fourth individual with JME as well as 2 additional cases with GGE. We describe 6 novel and 22 published cases with co-occurrence of 22q11DS and GGE. In many patients, GGE was associated with myoclonic seizures allowing for a diagnosis of JME in at least 6 individuals. Seventeen of the 173 22q11DS cases (10%) had a diagnosis of either focal or generalized epilepsy. In these cases, focal epilepsy could often be attributed to syndrome-associated hypocalcaemia, cerebral bleeds, or structural brain anomalies. However, the cause of GGE remained unclear. In this study, we describe and review 28 individuals with 22q11DS and GGE (especially JME), showing that both disorders frequently co-occur. Compared to the reported prevalence of 15-21%, in our case series only 10% of 22q11DS individuals were found to have epilepsy, often GGE. Since 22q11.2 does not contain convincing GGE candidate genes, we discuss the possibility of an aetiological correlation through a possibly disturbed interaction with the GABAB receptor.
Two Unrelated Undervirilized 46,XY Males with Inherited NR5A1 Variants Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Swartz Jonathan M. , Ciarlo Ryan , Guo Michael H. , Abrha Aser , Diamond David A. , Chan Yee-Ming , Hirschhorn Joel N.
Published: August 2016

Background: Undervirilized 46,XY males with bifid scrotum often pose a diagnostic challenge, and the majority of cases typically do not receive a genetic diagnosis. NR5A1 mutations can be seen in 10-20% of the cases and are a relatively common cause of undervirilization. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was utilized to study 10 undervirilized 46,XY subjects with bifid scrotum. Results: Exome sequencing identified novel NR5A1 variants, both affecting exon 7, in 2 of the 10 subjects with bifid scrotum. Subject 1 had a heterozygous frameshift variant, c.1150delC, p.Leu384fsTer1, within the ligand-binding domain inherited from his unaffected father. Subject 2 had a novel splice-site variant c.1139-2T>C, affecting the canonical splice acceptor site for exon 7 and also disrupting the ligand-binding domain. Both subjects had serum testosterone levels within the normal range as infants. Conclusions: We describe two novel NR5A1 variants, demonstrating mutations in this gene as a common cause of milder cases of 46,XY undervirilization. Whole-exome sequencing results yielded the diagnosis in 2 out of 10 cases without a previous diagnosis, supporting the value of this approach. Significant genotype-phenotype variability was also noted with Subject 1's paternal inheritance from his unaffected father.
Low-Volume Polyethylene Glycol with Ascorbic Acid for Colonoscopy Preparation in Elderly Patients: A Randomized Multicenter Study
Authors: Jung Yoon Suk , Lee Chang Kyun , Eun Chang Soo , Park Dong Il , Han Dong Soo , Kim Hyo Jong
Published: August 2016

Background: Minimal data exist regarding the use of low-volume purgatives for elderly (≥65 years) patients. We aimed to investigate the bowel-cleansing efficacy and patient tolerability of split-dose 2 liters (L)-polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (2L-PEGA) in elderly outpatients undergoing colonoscopy. Methods: Patients who underwent morning colonoscopies were randomly assigned to one of 3 arms: single-dose 4L-PEG on the day before colonoscopy; split-dose 4L-PEG; or split-dose 2L-PEGA. The quality of bowel preparation was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Results: Of 230 patients enrolled, 198 were analyzed. The proportion of adequate bowel preparations in split-dose 2L-PEGA was higher than that in single-dose 4L-PEG (92.1 vs. 75.0%, p = 0.009) and similar to split-dose 4L-PEG. The mean BBPS scores for global and right colon preparation in the split-dose 2L-PEGA were comparable to split-dose 4L-PEG but higher than those in the single-dose 4L-PEG. The proportion of patients who ingested the entire volume of solution in 2L-PEGA was higher than that in single-dose 4L-PEG (96.8 vs. 80.9%, p = 0.011). Patients receiving 2L-PEGA expressed more willingness to repeat the same preparation than other groups. The rate of adverse events did not differ among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Split-dose 2L-PEGA was an effective, safe, and comfortable method for colonoscopy preparation in elderly outpatients.
Оцінка специфічного імунітету порожнини рота при комплексному лікуванні пацієнтів із генералізованим пародонтитом на тлі червоного плоского лишаю
Authors: Yelisieyeva O. V.
Published: August 2016

The state of the oral cavity immunity of the patients with chronicle generalized periodontitis together with oral lichen planus has been examined as one of the possible objective criterion of the treatment quality. Successful treatment of the patients according to the worked out scheme (lizomukoid, lisobakt, lysozyme containing gel) is accompanied by restoration of the local specific immunity characteristics of the oral cavity sIgA level normalization just after the end of the course of treatment and in 3 months after the therapy.
Рівень психологічного комфорту в пацієнтів із генералізованим пародонтитом і різною груповою приналежністю крові
Authors: Bandrivskyi Yu. L. , Bandrivska O. O.
Published: August 2016

The article presented and evaluated by an index OHIP - 14, the level of psychological comfort in patients with generalized periodontitis in people without periodontal tissue diseases. It is proved that the «quality of life», according to testing in patients with generalized periodontitis is significantly lower than in healthy individuals. Thus, the carriers O (I) blood groups of both studies psychological comfort level was lower and is seen as «bad» in patients with generalized periodontitis and «poor» people without lesions periodontal tissues.
Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease After Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Picken Maria , Long Jianrui , Williamson Geoffrey A. , Polichnowski Aaron J.
Published: August 2016

The relative contribution of self-perpetuating versus hemodynamic-induced fibrosis to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after acute kidney injury (AKI) is unclear. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent right uninephrectomy and were instrumented with a blood pressure radiotelemeter. Two weeks later, separate groups of rats were subjected to 40 minutes renal ischemia–reperfusion or sham surgery and followed up for 4 or 16 weeks to determine the extent to which glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis as a result of the AKI–CKD transition (ie, at 4 weeks post AKI) change over time during the progression of CKD (ie, at 16 weeks post AKI). On average, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was ≈3-fold lower (
P
<0.05), whereas glomerulosclerosis was ≈6-fold higher (
P
<0.05) at 16 versus 4 weeks post AKI. At 16 weeks post AKI, marked tubulointerstitial fibrosis was only observed in rats exhibiting marked glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria, and kidney hypertrophy consistent with a hemodynamic pathogenesis of renal injury. Moreover, quantitative analysis between blood pressure and renal injury revealed a clear and modest blood pressure threshold (average 16-week systolic blood pressure of ≈127 mm Hg) for the development of glomerulosclerosis. In summary, modest levels of blood pressure may be playing a substantial role in the progression of renal disease after AKI in settings of preexisting CKD associated with 50% loss of renal mass. In contrast, these data do not support a major role of self-perpetuating tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the progression CKD after AKI in such settings.
Closing the Gap: A Human Rights Approach towards Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Toebes Brigit , Stronks Karien
Published: August 2016

Social determinants of health are major contributors to population health as well as health inequalities. The public perception that health inequalities that arise from these social determinants are unjust seems to be widespread across societies. Nevertheless, there is also scepticism about the progress in the implementation of actual policies to reduce health inequalities. Scholars, activists and policy makers from various disciplinary backgrounds increasingly stress the value of the human rights approach to support policies addressing health inequalities, and to hold actors in policies to address social determinants accountable for these inequalities. The ‘right to health’, in conjunction with the other health-related human rights, captures most elements of social determinants of health, and makes clear appeals to the governmental authorities at all levels to take action when social injustices occur. Existing judicial and non-judicial cases show us how human rights can be instrumental in addressing inequalities in health.
Appreciation Contexts Modulate Aesthetic Evaluation and Perceived Duration of Pictures
Authors: Arai Shihoko , Kawabata Hideaki
Published: August 2016

When looking at visual stimuli, context often easily affects elements of perception and cognition such as aesthetic evaluation, memory, and time perception. However, the relationships between aesthetic evaluation and time perception as influenced by context are not fully understood. This study’s aim was to examine whether context can influence not only aesthetic evaluation but also time perception. To achieve this, a temporal reproduction task was used. Participants viewed stimuli in either an art context or a realistic context. Identical affective pictures were presented in one of three durations (2500 ms, 4500 ms, or 6500 ms) and the participants reproduced their perceived viewing time for each picture. The pictures were rated as more pleasant when viewed in the art context compared to the realistic context. Additionally, the perceived duration of identical visual stimuli differed according to the particular context. Thus, contextual differences were found to be attributed to different operations of a switch within the internal clock. In sum, context can influence both aesthetic evaluation and time perception.
Left–Right Position in Moving Images: An Analysis of Face Orientation, Face Position, and Movement Direction in Eight Action Films
Authors: Bode Carole , Bertamini Marco , Helmy Mai S.
Published: August 2016

There are compositional biases in works of art that have been documented in static images. This study extends the analysis to moving pictures. We examined eight films by four different directors (Ford, Leone, Kurosawa, Chahine), each with a male actor in the major role. These directors are also from different countries (USA, Italy, Japan, Egypt). The analysis focused on three compositional aspects: a) the orientation of the face of the actor (which cheek was visible), b) the position of the face within the image (positioned either to the left of the screen showing the left or right cheek or to the right of the screen showing the left or right cheek), and c) the movement of the actor within the scene (moving to the left or to the right). Unlike in paintings there is no evidence that the left cheek was visible more often than the right. However, we confirmed that position and facing direction are related, i.e. the actor tends to face toward the centre of the screen. With respect to the analyses of movement, there was a greater frequency of movements from left to right, and this may explain the lower than expected frequency of the left cheek. Interestingly, we found a cultural trend in that the pattern of results from Western directors did not extend to the films by Chahine, which may be influenced by reading direction.
An annotated checklist and key to the Bulgarian cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattodea)
Authors: HRISTOV GEORGI H. , CHOBANOV DRAGAN P.
Published: August 2016

An annotated checklist of the Bulgarian species of cockroaches is prepared based on a full published scientific record and own unpublished data. According to the current state of knowledge the Bulgarian cockroach fauna includes 17 species and subspecies. One synonymization is established—Phyllodromica marginata erythronota Br. v. W., syn. n. = Ph. marginata. Two species (Capraiellus tamaninii and Supella longipalpa) are recorded for the first time for this country and other three (Ectobius punctatissimus, Phyllodromica subaptera and Phyllodromica pallida) are eliminated from the list of the Bulgarian fauna. The list is complemented with maps and full locality data and a dichotomic identification key for the studied taxa is presented.
First record of Plethus Hagen (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Japan, with description of a species
Authors: ITO TOMIKO , SAITO RIE
Published: August 2016

The tropical and subtropical caddisfly genus Plethus Hagen (Hydroptilidae) is recorded from Japan for the first time. The species, Plethus ukalegon Malicky and Chantaramongkol 2007, originally described from Taiwan, is redescribed based on material from Iriomote-jima and Ishigaki-jima, southern Ryukyu Islands, the southernmost region of Japan. Female and immature stages are newly described and compared with Indonesian congeners. The early instar larva was associated with the adult through mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons, and is described in the genus Plethus for the first time. Larvae live in fast-flowing waters such as hygropetric zones, rapid streams, and waterfalls. Final instar larvae make flattened cases of silk that they attach tightly on smooth rock surfaces.
A Multiregion Model Evaluation and Attribution Study of Historical Changes in the Area Affected by Temperature and Precipitation Extremes
Authors: Dittus Andrea J. , Karoly David J. , Lewis Sophie C. , Alexander Lisa V. , Donat Markus G.
Published: August 2016

The skill of eight climate models in simulating the variability and trends in the observed areal extent of daily temperature and precipitation extremes is evaluated across five large-scale regions, using the climate extremes index (CEI) framework. Focusing on Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, and the Northern Hemisphere, results show that overall the models are generally able to simulate the decadal variability and trends of the observed temperature and precipitation components over the period 1951–2005. Climate models are able to reproduce observed increasing trends in the area experiencing warm maximum and minimum temperature extremes, as well as, to a lesser extent, increasing trends in the areas experiencing an extreme contribution of heavy precipitation to total annual precipitation for the Northern Hemisphere regions. Using simulations performed under different radiative forcing scenarios, the causes of simulated and observed trends are investigated. A clear anthropogenic signal is found in the trends in the maximum and minimum temperature components for all regions. In North America, a strong anthropogenically forced trend in the maximum temperature component is simulated despite no significant trend in the gridded observations, although a trend is detected in a reanalysis product. A distinct anthropogenic influence is also found for trends in the area affected by a much-above-average contribution of heavy precipitation to annual precipitation totals for Europe in a majority of models and to varying degrees in other Northern Hemisphere regions. However, observed trends in the area experiencing extreme total annual precipitation and extreme number of wet and dry days are not reproduced by climate models under any forcing scenario.
A Theory of the Wind-Driven Beaufort Gyre Variability
Authors: Manucharyan Georgy E. , Spall Michael A. , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: August 2016

The halocline of the Beaufort Gyre varies significantly on interannual to decadal time scales, affecting the freshwater content (FWC) of the Arctic Ocean. This study explores the role of eddies in the Ekman-driven gyre variability. Following the transformed Eulerian-mean paradigm, the authors develop a theory that links the FWC variability to the stability of the large-scale gyre, defined as the inverse of its equilibration time. The theory, verified with eddy-resolving numerical simulations, demonstrates that the gyre stability is explicitly controlled by the mesoscale eddy diffusivity. An accurate representation of the halocline dynamics requires the eddy diffusivity of 300 ± 200 m2 s−1, which is lower than what is used in most low-resolution climate models. In particular, on interannual and longer time scales the eddy fluxes and the Ekman pumping provide equally important contributions to the FWC variability. However, only large-scale Ekman pumping patterns can significantly alter the FWC, with spatially localized perturbations being an order of magnitude less efficient. Lastly, the authors introduce a novel FWC tendency diagnostic—the Gyre Index—that can be conveniently calculated using observations located only along the gyre boundaries. Its strong predictive capabilities, assessed in the eddy-resolving model forced by stochastic winds, suggest that the Gyre Index would be of use in interpreting FWC evolution in observations as well as in numerical models.
Data Integration Approaches to Longitudinal Growth Modeling
Authors: Marcoulides Katerina M. , Grimm Kevin J.
Published: August 2016

Synthesizing results from multiple studies is a daunting task during which researchers must tackle a variety of challenges. The task is even more demanding when studying developmental processes longitudinally and when different instruments are used to measure constructs. Data integration methodology is an emerging field that enables researchers to pool data drawn from multiple existing studies. To date, these methods are not commonly utilized in the social and behavioral sciences, even though they can be very useful for studying various complex developmental processes. This article illustrates the use of two data integration methods, the data fusion and the parallel analysis approaches. The illustration makes use of six longitudinal studies of mathematics ability in children with a goal of examining individual changes in mathematics ability and determining differences in the trajectories based on sex and socioeconomic status. The studies vary in their assessment of mathematics ability and in the timing and number of measurement occasions. The advantages of using a data fusion approach, which can allow for the fitting of more complex growth models that might not otherwise have been possible to fit in a single data set, are emphasized. The article concludes with a discussion of the limitations and benefits of these approaches for research synthesis.
Team Training for Dynamic Cross-Functional Teams in Aviation
Authors: Littlepage Glenn E. , Hein Michael B. , Moffett Richard G. , Craig Paul A. , Georgiou Andrea M.
Published: August 2016

Objective:

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a training program designed to improve cross-functional coordination in airline operations.

Background:

Teamwork across professional specializations is essential for safe and efficient airline operations, but aviation education primarily emphasizes positional knowledge and skill. Although crew resource management training is commonly used to provide some degree of teamwork training, it is generally focused on specific specializations, and little training is provided in coordination across specializations.

Method:

The current study describes and evaluates a multifaceted training program designed to enhance teamwork and team performance of cross-functional teams within a simulated airline flight operations center. The training included a variety of components: orientation training, position-specific declarative knowledge training, position-specific procedural knowledge training, a series of high-fidelity team simulations, and a series of after-action reviews.

Results:

Following training, participants demonstrated more effective teamwork, development of transactive memory, and more effective team performance.

Conclusion:

Multifaceted team training that incorporates positional training and team interaction in complex realistic situations and followed by after-action reviews can facilitate teamwork and team performance.

Application:

Team training programs, such as the one described here, have potential to improve the training of aviation professionals. These techniques can be applied to other contexts where multidisciplinary teams and multiteam systems work to perform highly interdependent activities.
Fear of Pain Mediates the Association between MC1R Genotype and Dental Fear
Authors: Randall C.L. , McNeil D.W. , Shaffer J.R. , Crout R.J. , Weyant R.J. , Marazita M.L.
Published: August 2016

Fear of pain is experienced in acute and chronic pain populations, as well as in the general population, and it affects numerous aspects of the orofacial pain experience, including pain intensity, pain-related disability, and pain behavior (e.g., avoidance). A related but separate construct—dental fear—is also experienced in the general population, and it influences dental treatment–seeking behavior and oral and systemic health. Minimal work has addressed the role of genetics in the etiologies of fear of pain and dental fear. Limited available data suggest that variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R) gene may predict greater levels of dental fear. The MC1R gene also may be etiologically important for fear of pain. This study aimed to replicate the finding that MC1R variant status predicts dental fear and to determine, for the first time, whether MC1R variant status predicts fear of pain. Participants were 817 Caucasian participants (62.5% female; mean ± SD age: 34.7 ± 8.7 y) taking part in a cross-sectional project that identified determinants of oral diseases at the community, family, and individual levels. Participants were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms on MC1R and completed self-report measures of fear of pain and dental fear. Presence of MC1R variant alleles predicted higher levels of dental fear and fear of pain. Importantly, fear of pain mediated the relation between MC1R variant status and dental fear ( B = 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.281 to 3.056). MC1R variants may influence orofacial pain perception and, in turn, predispose individuals to develop fears about pain. Such fears influence the pain experience and associated pain behaviors, as well as fears about dental treatment. This study provides support for genetic contributions to the development/maintenance of fear of pain and dental fear, and it offers directions for future research to identify potential targets for intervention in the treatment of fear of pain and dental fear.
A Cross-National Comparison of Attributional Patterns Toward Students With and Without Learning Disabilities
Authors: Woodcock Stuart , Jiang Han
Published: August 2016

Claims of the importance of having positive perceptions and expectations of students with learning disabilities (LD) have been repeatedly made over recent years. This article aims to raise awareness of the importance of attributional beliefs in relation to the educational outcomes of students with LD in Australia and China. Australian and Chinese trainee teachers ( N = 240) who were at the end of their training were surveyed with vignettes and Likert-scale questions to ascertain their responses to students with and without LD. Overall, the findings suggest that Chinese trainee teachers’ attributional pattern is more positive than that of their Australian counterparts. Implications and recommendations for research and practice are also presented.
A Direct Instruction and Precision Teaching Intervention to Improve the Sentence Construction of Middle School Students With Writing Difficulties
Authors: Datchuk Shawn M.
Published: August 2016

Being able to construct simple sentences is necessary for effective written expression. The present study investigated effects of a sentence construction intervention on small groups of middle school students with disabilities and writing difficulties. The intervention entailed sentence instruction and frequency building to a performance criterion, a type of timed practice emphasizing fluency. A single case design, multiple-baseline across small groups, was used. Three middle school teachers delivered intervention to three small groups of students (a total of 15 students). As a result of intervention, the average number of correct minus incorrect word sequences per small group gradually increased. Results are discussed in the context of the sentence construction literature and within a framework of direct instruction and precision teaching.
Organisational justice’s relationship with job satisfaction and organisational commitment among Indian police
Authors: Qureshi Hanif , Frank James , Lambert Eric G , Klahm Charles , Smith Brad
Published: August 2016

The concept of justice plays an important role in shaping the attitudes of citizens towards criminal justice agencies. Additionally, research indicates that police officers’ perceptions of justice within their own organisation can affect their attitudes towards it. Most of the research to date has focused on police officers in Western nations; however, the effects of organisational justice could be universal (i.e. cut across different police agencies and nations) or contextual (i.e. vary between cultures). The current study examined the association between perceptions of two dimensions of organisational justice, distributive (fairness in outcomes) and procedural (fairness in procedures/processes), with job satisfaction and organisational commitment among Indian police officers. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis of survey data collected from 827 officers stationed in the Sonepat and Rohtak districts in the north Indian state of Haryana indicated that perceptions of distributive justice and procedural justice (in terms of promotions and evaluations) had significant positive relationships with both job satisfaction and affective organisational commitment. The findings support the contention that perceptions of organisational justice have important effects on Indian police officers.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Rates of Traumatic Injury in Arizona, 2011-2012
Authors: Chikani Vatsal , Brophy Maureen , Vossbrink Anne , Blust Robyn N. , Benkert Mary , Salvino Chris , Diven Conrad , Martinez Rogelio
Published: August 2016

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of traumatic injury among five racial/ethnic groups in Arizona and to identify which mechanisms and intents of traumatic injury were predominant in each group.

Methods:

We obtained 2011 and 2012 data on traumatic injury from Arizona’s trauma registry and data on mortality from Arizona's death registry. We calculated location- and age-adjusted rates (aRs) of traumatic injury and rates of mortality per 100,000 Arizona residents and rate ratios (RRs) for each racial/ethnic group. We also calculated race/ethnicity specific aRs and RRs by mechanism of injury, intent of injury, and alcohol use.

Results:

We analyzed data on 58,034 cases of traumatic injury. After adjusting for age and location, American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) had the highest overall rate of traumatic injury ( n = 6,287; aR = 729) and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders had the lowest overall rate of traumatic injury ( n = 553; aR = 141). By intent, AI/ANs had the highest rate of homicide/assault-related traumatic injury ( n = 2,170; aR = 221) and by mechanism, non-Hispanic black/African American people had the highest rate of firearm-related traumatic injury ( n = 265; aR = 40). In 2011-2012, 8,868 deaths in Arizona were related to traumatic injury. AI/ANs had the highest adjusted mortality rate ( n = 716; aR = 95).

Conclusion:

Racial/ethnic disparities in traumatic injuries persisted after adjusting for age and injury location. Understanding how these disparities differ by mechanism, intent, and alcohol use may lead to the development of more effective initiatives to prevent traumatic injury.
Psychopathological Correlates of Polyvictimization in Young Offenders
Authors: Alvarez-Lister María Soledad , Pereda Noemí , Guilera Georgina
Published: August 2016

Previous research has demonstrated a significant relationship between victimization and involvement in delinquency, but few studies have focused on exploring the effects of victimization on young offenders. This study analyzed the relationship between accumulated experiences of victimization, or polyvictimization, and the presence of psychopathology in 100 Spanish offenders (81% males) aged 14 to 17 years ( M = 16.08, SD = 0.99). By means of cluster analysis, three groups of polyvictimized and two groups of less victimized offenders were identified. After controlling for demographic and criminal characteristics, polyvictims were more likely to reach a clinical level ( T ≥ 65) of externalizing behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 3.136) and general impairment (OR = 2.878) than the remaining adolescents. These results showed that assessing multiple and less common forms of victimization is an important task when evaluating adolescent offenders, as polyvictimization is highly prevalent and places young people at a high risk of psychological impairment.
Baby Boomers and the Long-Term Transformation of Retirement and Volunteering: Evidence for a Policy Paradigm Shift
Authors: Chambré Susan M. , Netting F. Ellen
Published: August 2016

In this article, we analyze two predictions about baby boomers that have contributed to the current policy paradigm: that the boomers will reinvent retirement, and that they have the potential to engage in higher levels of formal volunteering than previous generations. Empirical evidence from various studies and surveys do not support this paradigm. In fact, the data lead to the conclusion that baby boomers are neither initiating the reinvention of retirement, nor are they the initiators of a surge in volunteerism. Instead, they are part of an ongoing evolution of retirement and volunteerism begun by their parents’ generation. We propose several assumptions to construct an alternative policy paradigm: Baby boomers need to be recognized as a diverse age cohort whose engagement is multi-faceted. Volunteer recruitment and oversight require creative approaches which focus on the communal and membership aspects of volunteering rather than focusing on volunteering as unpaid “work.”
Understanding Hearing Loss and Barriers to Hearing Health Care Among Korean American Older Adults: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Choi Janet S. , Shim Kyoo S. , Kim Kunhwa , Nieman Carrie L. , Mamo Sara K. , Lin Frank R. , Han Hae-Ra
Published: August 2016

Hearing loss is associated with an accelerated decline in social, cognitive, and physical functioning among older adults. However, little is known about its impact and barriers to hearing health care in any ethnic minorities. The aim of this study was to explore experiences related to hearing loss and barriers to hearing health care among older Korean Americans (KAs). We conducted four focus groups with 19 older KAs with hearing loss and four communication partners. Qualitative content analysis revealed four themes: (a) impact of hearing loss, (b) self-perception of hearing loss, (c) coping strategies for hearing loss, and (d) barriers to hearing health care (price, language, lack of collaborative communications, perceptions about hearing aids, and lack of knowledge). Older KAs were significantly impacted by hearing loss but tended not to seek care due to multiple factors. Culturally tailored hearing interventions are urgently needed to promote hearing health in the KA community.
From Planning to Implementation? The Role of Climate Change Adaptation Plans to Tackle Heat Stress: A Case Study of Berlin, Germany
Authors: Mahlkow Nicole , Donner Julie
Published: August 2016

Global climate change increases the necessity for mid-latitude cities to tackle urban heat. Climate change adaptation plans are common policy mechanisms to approach the issue. This paper studies the city climate development plan (StEP Klima) of Berlin, Germany, by using Constellation Analysis. We analyzed to what extent StEP Klima might trigger planning and governance processes for the implementation of heat stress measures. Berlin’s plan brought attention to the local risks of urban heat and possible strategies. To translate its aims into decision makers’ everyday governance and planning practice, institutionalized guidance and an activation of policy instruments is needed.
Early Lactation and Infant Feeding Practices Differ by Maternal Gestational Diabetes History
Authors: Oza-Frank Reena , Moreland Jennifer J. , McNamara Kelly , Geraghty Sheela R. , Keim Sarah A.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Detailed data on lactation practices by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history are lacking, precluding potential explanations and targets for interventions to improve lactation intensity and duration and, ultimately, long-term maternal and child health.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine breastfeeding practices through 12 months postpartum by GDM history.

Methods:

Women who delivered a singleton, liveborn infant at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (Columbus, OH), in 2011 completed a postal questionnaire to assess lactation and infant feeding practices and difficulties. Bivariate and multivariate associations between GDM history and lactation and infant feeding practices were examined.

Results:

The sample included 432 women (62% response rate), including 7.9% who had GDM during the index pregnancy. Women with GDM initiated breastfeeding (at-the-breast or pumping) as often as women without any diabetes but were more likely to report introduction of formula within the first 2 days of life (79.4% vs 53.8%, P < .01; adjusted odds ratio: 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-8.26). Women with GDM initiated pumping 4 days earlier than women without diabetes ( P < .05), which was confirmed in adjusted analyses. There was no difference in the proportion of women reporting breastfeeding difficulty (odds ratio: 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-5.52). However, there was a trend toward women with GDM reporting more formula feeding and less at-the-breast feeding as strategies to address difficulty compared with women without diabetes.

Conclusion:

Additional research is needed to understand why women with GDM engage in different early lactation and infant feeding practices, and how best to promote and sustain breastfeeding among these women.
Morphing wing optimization for steady level flight
Authors: Körpe Durmuş S , Özgen Serkan
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the basic results of the morphing wing planform optimization of an experimental unmanned air vehicle for minimum drag at steady level flight. The aerodynamic design tool that consists of the three-dimensional panel method, two-dimensional boundary layer solution and generalized reduced gradient method-based optimization is appropriate for fixed wing and morphing wing conceptual and preliminary design. The morphing concept is implemented into the solution with the geometric constraints of the wing planform and the airfoil shape design variables. The drag that is created by other components of the aircraft is calculated according to empirical formulas. Wing drag and aircraft drag comparisons between baseline wing (BASE), optimum fixed wing and morphing wing are discussed with the obtained planform and airfoil shapes.
Airframe/intake–exhaust integration design of flying wing using a multi-bump strategy
Authors: Gan Wenbiao , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Xiaocui
Published: August 2016

A multi-bump strategy combines automatic optimization and flow control and is employed in airframe/intake–exhaust integration design of flying wing. The numerical simulation method of [Formula: see text] transition model is verified and used for optimization and validated analysis. According to flow features of basic integration configuration, the multi-bump strategy is proposed. Based on the strategy, the optimization framework is constructed and applied to the design. The research results show that the present method has good design effectiveness. The cruise lift-drag ratio improves 4.1% and longitudinal static stability increases 1.1% at large attack angle. The multi-bump strategy is a skillfully deflected means to improve aerodynamic performance.
Dynamics of Voting Propensity
Authors: Shikano Susumu , Kittel Bernhard
Published: August 2016

This paper aims to deliver experimental evidence on the dispute between two behavioral models of electoral turnout. Both models share the idea that the subjects’ voting propensities are updated from their past propensities, aspirations, and realized payoffs. However, they differ in the exact specification of the feedback mechanism. The first model has a strong feedback mechanism toward 50 percent, while the other has only moderate feedback. This difference leads to two distinct distributions of voter types: the first model generates more casual voters who vote and abstain from time to time. The latter generates more habitual voting behavior. Thus far, the latter model seemed to be better supported empirically because survey data reveal more habitual voters and abstainers than casual voters. Given that the two models differ in their propensity updating mechanism in dynamic processes, a more direct test of their assumptions as well as implications with survey data is still pending. We designed a laboratory experiment in which subjects repeatedly make turnout and voting decisions. The result from experimental data is mixed, but more supportive of the second model with habitual voters and abstainers.
Os Trigonum Excision in Dancers via an Open Posteromedial Approach
Authors: Heyer Jessica H. , Rose Donald J.
Published: August 2016

Background:

An os trigonum is a potential source of posterior ankle pain in dancers, often associated with flexor hallucis longus (FHL) pathology. Options for operative excision include open excision, subtalar arthroscopy, and posterior endoscopy. The purpose of this paper was to present a series of dancers who underwent excision of a symptomatic os trigonum via an open posteromedial approach.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective case series of 40 ankles in 38 dancers who underwent os trigonum excision via an open posteromedial approach with FHL tenolysis between 2000 and 2013. All patients were interviewed and charts retrospectively analyzed. Collected variables included pre- and postoperative pain level, time to return to dance, and subjective satisfaction. The average age was 19.2 years; ballet was the primary dance form in 36 (95%) of patient-cases. Eight (20%) of the patient-cases were professional dancers, and 30 (75%) were students or preprofessional dancers.

Results:

Average preoperative pain level was 7.7/10, which decreased to 0.6/10 postoperatively. Seventeen (42.5%) experienced concurrent preoperation-associated FHL symptomatology, all of whom experienced relief postoperatively. The average time to return to dance was 7.9 weeks, and time to pain-free dance was 17.7 weeks. Of the 37 patient-cases desiring to return to dance, 35 (94.6%) returned to their preoperative level of dance. There were no neurovascular or other major complications. Four (10%) had minor wound complications that resolved, and 38 cases (95%) considered the procedure a success.

Conclusion:

Open posteromedial excision of an os trigonum in dancers provided satisfactory pain relief, return to dance, and complication rates compared to other approaches, and allowed for identifying and treating any associated FHL pathology.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.