bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy associated coagulopathies in selected community hospitals in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Oluwaseyi Bamisaye E. , Michael Okungbowa A. , Oluwafemi Akanni E. , David Akinbo B.
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim:

Pregnancy is characterized by multiple changes in the coagulation system which occurs at different stages of the condition, representing one of the major triggers of maternal and foetal morbidity/mortality in the world during complicated incidences. This study determined the prevalence of coagulation disorders among pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria to buttress the need for prompt and accurate routine diagnosis of these disorders.

Methods:

Four hundred and five participants (405) attending some selected tertiary health facilities in Southwestern Nigeria were randomly recruited for the study, comprising two hundred and seventy (270) pregnant subjects and one hundred and thirty-five (135) apparently healthy age- and socio-economic status-matched non-pregnant women as controls. The platelet count was assessed; prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were assessed. Immunoturbidimetric and chromogenic techniques were also used to assess the level of D-dimer and activated protein C resistance.

Results:

Platelet count, PT and INR in all three trimesters were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced when compared to the non-pregnant control subjects. However, the level of circulating D-dimer was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in all three trimesters when compared with the control group, with observable steady increase in the second and third trimesters. Also, 13% of respondents had thrombotic predisposition and 14.8% with tendencies for consumption coagulopathy while 1.1% are APCr positive individuals.

Conclusion:

The study affirms the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy coupled with mild gestational thrombocytopenia which could be pointers to onset of coagulation disorders in some participants, subjects with coagulation profiles indicative of thrombotic tendencies and possible onset of consumption coagulopathy and the presence of activated protein C resistant in the region. A review of the coagulation monitoring strategies for pregnant women from primary care to include more definite assays and its proper implementation will immensely contribute to early diagnosis along with intervention for pregnancy associated coagulopathies in resource-limited settings.
Prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and its associated factors among women attending antenatal clinics in Bengaluru
Authors: Nath Anita , B Sheeba , Raj Sisira , Metgud Chandra S.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Hypertension in pregnancy is a major challenge in antenatal practice due to its impact on obstetric and foetal outcomes.

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy and its associated risk factors among pregnant women availing of antenatal care at public sector hospitals in Bengaluru, Southern India.

Methods:

The sample frame included pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic at three public sector hospitals. The data were analyzed for 783 pregnant women who had completed their baseline visit over a period of 18 months (September 2017 to March 2019). The blood pressure was categorized based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 guidelines.

Results:

Out of the 783 respondents who were examined, 13.9% were found to be hypertensive. The adjusted Odd's ratio was significantly higher for those who were employed outside the house and obese respondents. Other factors such as higher maternal age, lower socioeconomic status, pregnancy-related anxiety, prenatal depression, nulliparity appeared to increase the risk.

Conclusion:

Hypertension during pregnancy continues to be a matter of concern. Risk factor profiling of pregnant women is of utmost importance to identify those who may be likely to develop hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
Retention in HIV care and its predictors among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Plateau state, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Afolaranmi Tolulope O. , Hassan Zuwaira I. , Ugwu Obinna J. , Ofakunrin Akinyemi O.D. , Bello Kayode K. , Chingle Moses P. , Shugaba Ali I.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Retention in HIV care is the constancy of engagement in HIV treatment, care and support services which is essential to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the infection as well as halting the development of resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART). In most African countries, Nigeria inclusive, men who have sex with men (MSM) are major contributors to HIV/AIDS burden. HIV-positive MSM are generally understudied and mostly underserved due to social, political and legislation factors resulting in limited characterization and documentation of the existing health disparities particularly with regards to retention in HIV care. It was against this backdrop that we conducted this study to assess the level of retention in HIV care and its predictors among MSM linked to HIV care.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study conducted among 114 HIV-positive MSM in 2019 using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using version 7 of Epi Info statistical software version 7 and a probability value of less than 0.05 used as the cut-off for drawing statistically significant conclusion.

Results:

The average age in years of the respondents was 26.0 ± 5.4 while 43 (37.7%) of the participants were adequately retained in HIV care. Adequate retention in HIV care was found to be predicted by awareness of regular male partner's HIV status (AOR = 11.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.924–65.167) and financial difficulty (AOR = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.022–0.840).

Conclusions:

A suboptimal level of retention in HIV care was demonstrated in the study with awareness of male partner's HIV status and financial buoyancy as its main predictors.
The utility of Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
Authors: Thomas Lydiya , Asha Hesarghatta S. , Amalraj Raja E. , Prakash R. , Abraham Prakash , Thomas Nihal
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of diabetes-specific psychological distress (DSPD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the “Problem areas in diabetes” (PAID) scale at a teaching hospital in southern India. Other objectives included observing the relationship between socio-demographic factors and DSPD and, finally exploring the level of acceptance of the PAID scale by Asian–Indian patients.

Methods:

The patients with T2DM aged >18 years attending the diabetes outpatient clinic were recruited. They completed two sets of questionnaires; PAID and a satisfactory questionnaire, which included socio-demographic characteristics and questions relating to the acceptance of PAID. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 13.1 and Excel.

Results:

A total of 253 questionnaires were completed, including 157 (62.1%) male and 96 (37.9%) female patients. The prevalence of DSPD was 32.8% (83/253). Younger age (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.36–9.80) and presence of retinopathy (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.12–6.04) were significantly associated with DSPD. However, it was observed that one-third of the patients had an elevated level of distress regardless of socio-demographic or clinical factors. PAID was well accepted by the participants and 84.6% (214/253) were pleased to complete it again.

Conclusion:

About one-third of the patients with T2DM had DSPD. Psychological distress was higher in the younger age group and those with retinopathy. PAID is an easy, well-accepted questionnaire and would serve as a useful tool to screen for DSPD.
The study of clinical profile and outcome of patients with snakebite in a rural community
Authors: Patel Samirkumar , Patel Aayushi , Ganjiwale Jaishree , Patel Dhaval , Nimbalkar Somashekhar
Published: April 2021

Context:

Snakebite remains an underrated cause of accidental death in modern India, primarily in rural India, where people fail to reach out to modern medicine and fall victim to the handful of quacks using traditional healing methods. If promptly diagnosed and treated based on various clinical determinants like mode of presentation, time of medical intervention, recognition of the species, and analysis of a series of reliably identified bites, the treatment outcome would be more promising. We aimed to study snakebite patients' clinical profile and treatment outcome in a rural tertiary care setup.

Materials and Method:

This is a retrospective study in which the data evaluated from an epidemiological viewpoint; gender and age of the snake bite victim, time when bitten, interval between the bite and medical consultation, pattern of toxicity, and response to anti-snake venom (ASV).

Results:

Of a total of 200 patients bitten by a snake, 121 were males, with 77% adults. In nearly all cases, the type of snake was unknown; however, most of the bites were poisonous, showing one or the other type of toxicity. One hundred seventy-one patients survived the snake bite, and 29 succumbed. When Logistic regression was done with Death/discharge as the dependent variable and “Time to bite and reaching hospital, Age, Sex, number of ASV given, Ventilation needed or not, pack cell volume (PCV) numbers, Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) numbers, Dialysis and presence or absence of toxicity” as the independent variables, the model developed did not account for any respectable amount of variation in the outcome. The only variable found to be predicting the outcome significantly was FFP.

Conclusion:

It is often difficult to identify the type of snake, and thus polyvalent antisnake venom remains the only available treatment resource. Readily available treatment resources, timely intervention, appropriate referral, and close ICU will alleviate mortality.
Paraquat poisoning in Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Government must intervene
Authors: Panda Prasan Kumar , Manna Sukdev , Bhasi Ankith , Singh S. S. , Maneesh V. S.
Published: April 2021

Paraquat poisoning is a grave public health problem in the Andaman and Nicobar islands of India. To evaluate various aspects of paraquat poisoning that influence the outcome, a retrospective study was planned. In this case series study, the information about all cases of acute paraquat poisoning who were admitted to GB Pant Hospital, Port-Blair, in a 12-year period (January 2007–December 2018) were evaluated. A total of 29 referred patients were evaluated with the majority from the early productive age of 16–30 years (68.97%). The case fatality rate was 100%. Most of the incidents took place in South Andaman district (68.97%) and during the rainy season (55.17%). Initially, they presented with local symptoms like mouth and throat pain with ulceration (48.27%), vomiting (44.82%), breathlessness (34.48%), epigastric and abdominal pain (31.03%), hematemesis (27.58%), and oliguria (20.68%). Later on, major organ dysfunctions like a respiratory failure (65.51%), acute kidney injury (62.08%), acute liver failure (55.17%), cardiac dysfunction (31.03%), and multiorgan failure (58.62%) ensued. Patients who were referred early had a significantly longer hospital stay. Few received advanced care, like, methyl prednisolone (24.12%), cyclophosphamide (10.34%), Mesna/NAC (06.89%), charcoal tablets (10.34%), mechanical ventilation (06.89%), and hemodialysis (10.34%). Apart from hemodialysis in acute kidney injury patients and steroid pulse, no other modalities showed improved hospital survival duration. Primary prevention especially government laws, public awareness, and education of health professionals regarding the seriousness of this problem are the keys to get rid of this incurable poisoning in these islands. The government should prioritize preventive works in the south Andaman district and during the rainy season to avoid catastrophe each year and if possible should ban it. Methyl prednisolone therapy and hemodialysis might be advocated to have a better outcome.
Psychological impact of infection with SARS-CoV-2 on health care providers
Authors: Venkatesh Vidya , Samyuktha Vijay Nirup , Wilson Benny Paul , Kattula Dheeraj , Ravan Jayaprakash Russell
Published: April 2021

Background:

Rapid increase in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection has also affected many health care providers (HCPs). This study aims to understand personal stories of HCPs affected by SARS-CoV-2, which could help with insights about ways to support them.

Methods:

Using a phenomenological approach and purposive sampling method, we recruited participants for semi-structured interviews through a telephone. Data saturation was achieved by the 11th participant and two more interviews were performed to confirm the same. Interviews were transcribed, and a seven-step Colaizzi method was used to identify different themes.

Results:

The psychological impact of SARS-CoV-2 on HCPs who tested positive can be summarized into four broad themes. These are challenges faced by HCPs, social concerns, experience of quarantine period, and positive experiences. Challenges they faced were about dealing with uncertainty, fear of spreading infection, and stigma. In the social concerns theme, what featured was concerns about family, social support from friends and hospital, and stigmatizing experience in neighborhood. In the quarantine experience theme, self-care and desperation to connect prominently colored their emotional and psychological experience. There were positive experiences also, which included personal strength, sense of gratitude, growth, and professional commitment.

Conclusion:

The personal stories of HCPs highlight that while they coped effectively during the recovery process, it may be important to address psychosocial factors of well-being as they worked with patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of primary care physicians in eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia towards exercise during pregnancy
Authors: Albahhar Eman H. , Albahhar Zainab H. , Alqumber Nedhal A. , Aljanahi Elham
Published: April 2021

Context:

Physical activity is well known to have enormous benefits for women in all phases of life, including pregnancy.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of primary care physicians towards exercise during pregnancy in the eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia: Qatif, Dammam, and Al-Khobar.

Methods and Material:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2019 among primary care physicians, based on a 32-item self-administered questionnaire distributed through e-mails and SMS messaging.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to compare groups.

Results:

The majority of participants (97.3%) believed that exercise during pregnancy is beneficial and showed fair knowledge; however, most of them (86.5%) were unaware of the guidelines and nearly half of them (55.2%) did not give advice on exercise to their patients.

Conclusions:

Primary care physicians demonstrate fair knowledge and positive attitude towards exercise in pregnancy; however, their practice and recommendations did not align with the guidelines. Thus, we need to bridge this gap by providing well-structured evidence based continuous educational programs and activities to all physicians providing maternal care.
Trying to stomach multiple myeloma
Authors: Campbell Nicholas J. , Malpartida Juan C. , Davis Michael G.
Published: April 2021

We report a case of a 51-year-old male with minimal past medical history who presented to his primary care provider with nausea, vomiting and constipation in the outpatient setting. Concomitantly, he was found to have a renal injury, anemia and lytic lesions which were confirmed to be due to multiple myeloma. After further investigation of the gastrointestinal symptoms, he was diagnosed with gastroparesis. This case represents an unusual presentation of gastroparesis, diagnosed at the same time as multiple myeloma, for which there has yet to be a published association. Here we detail the case, review gastric emptying physiology, the diagnostic criteria for gastroparesis and hypothesize the connection if it might have with multiple myeloma.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical ethics among health practitioners in Taif government, KSA
Authors: Althobaiti Mutaz H. , Alkhaldi Lama H. , Alotaibi Waad D. , Alshreef Maha N. , Alkhaldi Asalah H. , Alshreef Nejoud F. , Alzahrani Nawaf N. , Atalla Ayman A.
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Medical ethics practice and the attitude and knowledge toward it was our concern and aim to investigate.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1943 healthcare practitioners from three tertiary care hospitals. A questionnaire requesting demographic data and items related to the level of knowledge and awareness beside the real-life practice of medical ethics among healthcare providers was used. A score was given for each response and a total score was calculated.

Results:

Of the participants, 86.9% had studied medical ethics, 70.3% thought patients should know about their rights, 87.4% supported that the patient have the right to know and be informed if any malpractice happened, 61.8% never engaged in healthcare-related act on a patient without informed consent, 73% ensured that no one was present other than medical team during assessments or procedures, and 86.6% tried to give only what was necessary to the patient regarding their situation. Nursing specialists/technicians, with of 20-<30 years of practice and participants who had previous training in bioethics had significantly higher mean attitude scores than others. Females, laboratory specialists/technicians, and those who reported previous study of medical ethics had a significantly higher practice scores. A cogent positive correlation was found between the practice and attitude scores.

Conclusion:

Interduce medical ethics and insist on its importance in medical institutions will positively affect practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and practice.
Infection control awareness level among dental laboratory technicians, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Aali Khulud , Binalrimal Sultan , AlShedokhi AlJawharah , Al Saqer Ebtihal , AlHumaid Masheal
Published: April 2021

Aims and objectives:

Infection control is an essential part in dental practices. Potential disease transmission in the dental lab is well documented. Dental technicians should strictly adhere to the standard precautions in order to prevent potential risks of cross-contamination, thereby producing a safe environment for patients and staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental lab technicians toward infection control protocols at the dental laboratories of Riyadh.

Materials and methods:

A self-administered questionnaire will be distributed to dental lab technicians working at both private and governmental laboratories in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from one hundred and twenty-one dental laboratory technicians.

Results:

According to the findings, only 42.9% had an infection control manual display in the dental lab, 43.8% had received infection control training courses as part of their orientation, 40.4% of the technicians had a valid hepatitis B vaccination. Dental technicians are exposed to high risk of injuries, 72.7% of respondents answered Yes, when they were asked about reporting sharp injuries to laboratory administration.

Conclusion:

There was poor compliance to infection control procedures, dental techniques are at increased risk of cross-contamination and infection, they have limited orientation and knowledge on the infection control guideline and policy.
Stumbling block for inferior alveolar nerve block in predoctoral students
Authors: Ahmed Suhael , Tabassum Nafeesa , Al Dayel Omar , Bamusa Badr , Zakirulla Meer , Binyahya Fatima Abdullah
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Dentists earnestly try to practice painless treatment. Conventional inferior alveolar nerve block technique is preferred by most of the dentists despite its various modifications.However its failure rate as per literature is quite high. Inexperienced dentists face difficulty in obtaining effective anesthesia. This may be due to limited access to inferior alveolar nerve,greater density of alveolar bone,bulky soft tissues,damage to nerve or due to risk of intravascular injection.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to review and clinically assess the factors causing difficulty or failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in predoctoral students and to review the mandibular nervve blocks.

Material and methods:

Dental interns of riyadh elm university were monitored during administration of inferior alveolar nerve block for difficulty factors influencing inferior alveolar nerve block. Onset of anesthesia, efficacy anesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve and long buccal nerve were ascertained. Difficulty index was used to assess the “item difficulty” with a score of 0.0 which indicates that none of the dental interns anesthetised correctly to 1.0 suggesting all the dental interns anesthetised correctly.

Results:

Complete failure of inferior alveolar nerve block was noticed in 2.4% of predoctoral students. The most common cause for inferior alveolar nerve block failure was attributed to the difficulty in palpating the landmarks (77%), 22% of the patients refused multiple needle penetrations,and 19% of inferior alveolar nerve block failure was due to the fear of potential complications by the predoctoral students.

Conclusion:

Clinical skill of predoctoral students need adequate training in nerve blocks. Revising the current literature on alternative inferior alveolar nerve block techniques or use of evidence based dentistry to update and practice alternative nerve block techniques would aid in improving the clinical skills and treatment outcome which would therefore enable to remove the stumbling blocks in successful anesthesia.
Investigating the effect of neonatal resuscitation simulation using a competency-based approach on knowledge, skill, and self-confidence of midwifery students using objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)
Authors: Hakimi Masumah , Kheirkhah Masoomeh , Abolghasemi Jamileh , Hakimi Razia
Published: April 2021

Background:

First-day neonate death has the highest rate in infant mortality. Using modern educational methods such as simulation and competency can be effective in improving learners' performance and subsequently their confidence.

Material and Method:

This study was a quasi-experimental intervention on 80 midwifery students of semester 3, 4, and 5 undergraduate degrees. Eighty-six students registered after the researcher's explanations. The learners were randomly assigned into two groups while they were receiving routine midwifery education according to the midwifery curriculum. The learners in the intervention group (in seven groups) received a 7-hour session about neonate resuscitation. The theory session was conducted using PowerPoint presentation, lecture, video, and pictures. The practical session was conducted using simulation with manikins of skill laboratory. The skill practice continued until the learners achieved competency (performing 90% of resuscitation steps). The learners were assessed before, immediately, and 6 weeks after training using questionnaires and a checklist. The data were analyzed using SPSS, descriptive, and inferential statistics.

Results:

The knowledge, skill, and self-confidence scores increased significantly immediately after the training (P < 0.001), from 5.05 ± 2.07 (out of 12) to 10.17 ± 1.31, 18.90 ± 3.14 to 68.45 ± 2.05, and 1.50 ± 0.55 to 2.02 ± 0.57, respectively. The changes were retained 6 weeks after the training. These changes were not observed in the control group.

Conclusion:

Competency-based, simulation-based, and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) were effective in students learning to manage initial neonatal resuscitation in the skills' lab, and this increase was retained 6 weeks after the training.
Patterns of inflammatory lesions of the appendix in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility
Authors: Ajani Mustapha A. , Awosusi Babatope L. , Omenai Sebastian A. , Adegoke Omolade O. , Ajani Tinuade A.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 10 and 20 years, although all ages can be affected. Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen worldwide and its incidence varies with geographical location. The aim of this study was to review all the inflammatory lesions of the surgically removed appendix in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and to describe the histopathological patterns of these lesions.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective review of all appendectomy specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2018. Patients’ biodata, clinical parameters, and histological diagnoses were extracted from departmental surgical day books. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York) and expressed as frequency distribution.

Results:

A total of 1071 appendectomy specimens were received in our laboratory during the 10-year study period, accounting for 3% of all specimens received. There were 1062 cases of inflammatory lesions, accounting for 99.2% of the cases. There was a male preponderance with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The age was from 1 to 83 years. The most common histological diagnosis was acute suppurative appendicitis with peritonitis accounting for 47.6% of all the cases.

Conclusion:

The findings in our study supports the fact that acute suppurative appendicitis is the most common inflammatory disease of the appendix which is consistent with other similar studies that have been done in our environment and in the developed world.
Сложное поведение в кубических отображениях Эно
Authors: Anastassiou Stavros
Published: April 2021

Изучается обобщенное отображение Эно в двумерном пространстве. Найдена область фазового пространства, в которой существует неблуждающее множество, указаны значения параметров, для которых это неблуждающее множество является гиперболическим, и доказано, что после сужения на специальное инвариантное подмножество рассматриваемое отображение топологически сопряжено с трехсимвольным сдвигом Бернулли. Далее два этих отображения связываются, в результате получается отображение в четырехмерном пространстве; показано, что и в этом отображении существуют сдвиги Бернулли.
Сравнительная динамика цепочек связанных уравнений Ван-дер-Поля и связанных систем уравнений Ван-дер-Поля
Authors: Kaschenko Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2021

Рассматриваются замкнутые в кольца цепочки уравнений Ван-дер-Поля и цепочки из систем двух уравнений Ван-дер-Поля первого порядка. Предполагается, что связи являются однородными и количество элементов цепочек достаточно велико. Естественным образом осуществляется переход к зависящим непрерывно от пространственной переменной функциям. Исследуется поведение при $t\to\infty$ всех решений таких цепочек с достаточно малыми по норме начальными условиями. Выделены критические случаи в задаче об устойчивости и показано, что все они имеют бесконечную размерность. Построены специальные нелинейные краевые задачи параболического типа, не содержащие малых параметров, которые играют роль нормальных форм. Их локальная динамика определяет поведение решений исходных краевых задач с двумя пространственными переменными. Сформулированы условия, при которых динамические свойства обеих цепочек близки друг к другу. Установлено, что в ряде случаев динамика цепочек систем уравнений Ван-дер-Поля оказывается существенно сложнее и разнообразнее по сравнению с динамикой цепочек уравнений Ван-дер-Поля второго порядка.
Решение с внутренним переходным слоем двумерной краевой задачи реакция-диффузия-адвекция с разрывными реактивным и адвективным слагаемыми
Authors: Levashova Natalia Timurovna , Nefedov Nikolai Nikolaevich , Nikolaeva Ol'ga Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

Исследован вопрос о существовании и асимптотической устойчивости стационарного решения начально-краевой задачи для уравнения реакция-диффузия-адвекция при условии, что реактивное и адвективное слагаемые сопоставимы по величине и претерпевают скачок вдоль некоторой гладкой кривой, расположенной внутри области рассмотрения. В окрестности этой кривой решение задачи обладает большим градиентом. Доказаны теоремы существования, локальной единственности и асимптотической устойчивости по Ляпунову таких решений. Для доказательства использован метод верхних и нижних решений. Для получения верхнего и нижнего решений применен асимптотический метод дифференциальных неравенств, суть которого заключается в построении их как модификаций асимптотических приближений по малому параметру решений этих задач. Асимптотическое приближение решения построено на основании модификации метода Васильевой.
Уравнения типа модифицированного уравнения Кортевега-де Фриза, связанные с алгебрами Каца-Муди $A_5^{(1)}$ и $A_5^{(2)}$
Authors: Gerdjikov Vladimir Stefanov , Mladenov D M , Stefanov Aleksander Aleksiev , Varbev S K
Published: April 2021

На нетривиальных примерах уравнений типа модифицированного уравнения Кортевега- де Фриза, связанных с алгебрами Каца-Муди $A_5^{(1)}$ и $A_5^{(2)}$, объясняются детали алгебраических конструкций. При формулировке уравнений и их гамильтоновых структур естественным образом возникает несколько типов операторов рекурсии. Далее вводится резольвента оператора Лакса; показано, что она порождает иерархию представлений Лакса, а также иерархию законов сохранения для этих уравнений.
Математическое ожидание решения линейной системы дифференциальных уравнений со случайными коэффициентами
Authors: Zadorozhnii Vladimir Grigoryevich
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается линейная неоднородная система дифференциальных уравнений специального вида с тремя случайными коэффициентами, заданными характеристическими функционалами. Введены операторные функции, порождаемые функционалами. Проблема нахождения математического ожидания решения задачи Коши сводится к исследованию вспомогательной детерминированной системы дифференциальных уравнений с обычной и вариационными производными. Решение полученного уравнения записывается с помощью операторных функций, порожденных функционалами. Выведены явные формулы для математического ожидания решения при равномерно распределенных случайных коэффициентах, при случайных коэффициентах Лапласа и при гауссовских случайных коэффициентах.
Ethiopian and Eritrean Askaris in Libya (1911- 1932)
Authors: Abebe Dechasa
Published: April 2021

A number of books and articles were published on the three consecutive Italian wars in Libya and its resistances during the first three decades of the twentieth century. However, the role and experiences of the Ethiopian and Eritrean askaris were rarely studied. Thus, this article is an attempt to disclose their role in the wars, why they were interested in being employed by the Italians and why Italy relied heavily on them instead of the Italian soldiers and the Libyan askaris. Historical sources, like the memoires of Italian military commanders and the askaris, travellers’ accounts mainly that of journalists, correspondence documents, and popular songs particularly that of Tigrigna were consulted to write this article. Moreover, publications produced by military historians on the Italian wars in Libya were also referred. While starvation and famines, poverty, unemployment and maladministration were the driving force from Eritrea and Ethiopia; salary, military uniform, guns and bullets, rations, protections and relative freedom were some of the attractions from the Italian side for the Ethiopians and Eritreans to be employed as askaris. In relation to these, political expediency or loose aversion, cost, fighting skill and courage, adaptability to Libyan topography and loyalty were some of the qualities of Ethiopians and Eritrean askaris that initiated the Italians to rely on. As a result, about 68 battalions fought in the wars. In the process, the askaris were identified by their Italian commanders as “warlike race” and best soldiers in contrast to the Italian soldiers and Libyan collaborators.

Keywords: Askaris, Mercenaries, Resistances, Libyans, Italians
Dwie antyutopijne wizje – My Jewgienija Zamiatina i Miranda Antoniego Langego. Z dziejów idei i recepcji
Authors: Wróblewski Wojciech
Published: April 2021

Artykuł stanowi próbę zaprezentowania dwóch antyutopijnych powieści powstałych w latach dwudziestych XX wieku: My Jewgienija Zamiatina (1920) i Mirandy Antoniego Langego (1924). Autor przedstawia w nim genezę obu tekstów, a także wskazuje kulturowe, artystyczne i ideowe płaszczyzny ich odczytania. Omawia recepcję My i Mirandy oraz stan badań nad twórczością antyutopijną Zamiatina i Langego. Stara się ująć obie powieści w kontekście rozwoju gatunku. Ponadto ukazuje My Zamiatina i Mirandę Langego jako wypowiedzi o charakterze historiozoficznym, uwikłane często w dyskusje z dominującymi prądami artystycznymi i estetycznymi. Two Anti-Utopian Visions – We by Yevgeny Zamyatin and Miranda by Antoni Lange: History of Idea and Reception The article attempts to present two anti-utopian novels written in the 1920s: We by Yevgeny Zamyatin (1920) and Miranda by Antoni Lange (1924). The author examines origins of both texts and points out cultural, artistic and ideological aspects of their interpretation. The reception of We and Miranda is discussed as well as the current state of research on the anti-utopian oeuvre of Yevgeny Zamyatin and Antoni Lange is addressed. The author attempts to present both novels in the context of evolution of the literary genre. Moreover We by Zamyatin and Miranda by Lange are depicted as statements of historiosophical character, often embroiled in disputes with the dominating artistic and aesthetic movements.
Po co czytać Harolda Blooma i jak, czyli o kanoniczności krytyka
Authors: Jarzyńska Karina
Published: April 2021

W artykule analizie poddane zostają relacje pomiędzy koncepcją kanonu literackiego Harolda Blooma a statusem jego własnej twórczości krytycznej. Rożne tematy i style pisarstwa uprawianego przez autora Lęku przed wpływem zostały scharakteryzowane i ocenione pod kątem ich kanoniczności, rozumianej jako wartość estetyczna i społeczna. Według samego Blooma teksty kanoniczne oferują także wartość duchową, za pomocą takich narzędzi jak ironia i metafora, prowokując czytelników do poznawania własnej kondycji. Artykuł zdaje także sprawę z polskiej recepcji pism Blooma oraz porusza kwestię sposobu, w jaki literatura polska jest obecna w zaprojektowanym przez niego zachodnim kanonie. Jej słaba reprezentacja domaga się odpowiedzi krytyków, którzy mogliby zaproponować własną listę dzieł, według kryteriów podobnie mocnych jak te Bloomowskie, lecz przezwyciężających jego – niejednokrotnie kolonizatorski, patriarchalny i ekskluzywistyczny – wpływ.

Reading Harold Bloom – What For and How? On Canonicality of the Critic

The relationship between the idea of Harold Bloom’s literary canon and the status of his own critic’s oeuvre is discussed in the article. Diverse topics and literary styles cultivated by the author of The Anxiety of Influence were characterised and evaluated from the perspective of their canonicality understood as an aesthetic and social value. According to Bloom himself, the canonical texts also offer the spiritual value with help of such tools as irony and metaphor, provoking the readers to assess their own condition. The article presents the Polish reception of Harold Bloom’s texts and examines the presence of Polish literature in the Western literary canon designed by him. Its weak representation demands response of the critics who could propose their own list of literary works based on criteria equally strong as Bloom’s ones but overcoming his oftentimes colonial, patriarchal and exclusionary influence.
Po co nam Chiny? Część 1: Incydentalność relacji polsko-chińskich przed 1949 r.
Authors: Malinowski Gościwit
Published: April 2021

What do we need China for? Part 1: The incidentality of Sino-Polish relations before 1949

This paper is the first part of a bigger whole titled “What do we need China for.” It is focused on the incidentality of historical Sino-Polish relations before 1949. Although the state of Poland has existed since time of Song dynasty in China, earlier mutual Polish-Chinese relations were incidental and limited to very loosely connected or completely unrelated historical events, e.g. legacies to Great Khan, missionary activities, military and civil service to foreign powers, occasional contacts between revolutionary politicians, the refuge for Poles in Harbin. The second part titled “The superpower of East Asia and new perspectives of Polish raison d’État” will be published soon.
Lokalizacja infirmerii w topografii krzyżackich zamków komturskich w Prusach w późnym średniowieczu
Authors: Jóźwiak Sławomir , Trupinda Janusz
Published: April 2021

The location of infirmaries in Teutonic Order castles topography in late Medieval Prussia

In the primary Rule of the Teutonic Order, written in the middle of the 13th century, maintaining hospitals by the organisation is in its content, yet the generality of the normative provisions contained in that source bears a number of questions which are difficult to answer in a satisfactory way. From the main paragraphs referring to that issue it is impossible to conclude whether those hospitals/infirmaries were intended for secular persons or the brother friars of the Order. Detailed regulations on the subject were additionally provided in Statutes written around the same time. In accordance with those provisions, if a friar knight fell ill, then he should stay in bed for a few days. In case of prolongation of this state, he was to be moved to a common chamber for the sick – the infirmary. Only the Grand Master and his deputy had the right to be treated in their own chambers. However, it must be remembered that those regulations were formulated mostly in reference to the main convent of the Teutonic Order in the Holy Land. This institution was subordinate to the Great Commander and it was him who provided for medical care and medicines for the sick through his appointed subordinate official (“firmariemeister”). From the 13th century normative sources it cannot be concluded where the infirmaries were supposed to be located in the castle grounds.
What does this issue look like in reference to the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the 14th and 15th centuries? Unfortunately, in the current literature of the subject it has been attempted to identify the locations of castle infirmaries exclusively on the basis of architectural data of preserved commander castles (still enerally sparse). Meanwhile, the problem is that limiting only to that sort of sources when examining the issue does not provide any evidential basis to indicate the location of infirmaries in the spatial configuration of the Teutonic strongholds. Only the analysis of written sources of the époque (starting with the end of the 14th century) allows to state that nearly all infirmaries of commander castles of the time in Prussia intended both for the members of the Teutonic Order (brothers, priests) and secular servants‑dieners were locate within the bailey. Sparse exceptions from that rule would only apply to the capital castle in Malbork, where one of the infirmaries might have been located in the area of the proper convent of the high castle and to the one in Konigsberg, where the infirmary for servant‑dieners of the Order was located outside the defensive walls of the bailey.
Gdańskie odznaki żebracze (XVI–XVIII w.)
Authors: Maćkowski Tomasz
Published: April 2021

Beggar badges of Gdańsk

In Gdańsk of the 16th century, due to the failure of medieval forms of aiding the poor based on Church institutions, the growing number of people seeking support in a port town which was quickly getting rich and under the influence of ideas spread by Martin Luther, the policy concerning beggars and people seeking aid changed. It was demonstrated by passing the first beggar ordinance in 1525, which introduced the supervision of the city council over the system of social welfare based on the existing hospitals in town. Special badges with the crest of Gdańsk had been known since the middle of the 16th century, which entitled their wearers to beg in the vicinity of the city as well as to receive aid from public funds. Those artefacts were cast from lead and apart from the crest also had a depiction of a beggar and a date specifying the annual validity of the symbol. They would most often be sawn to clothes or worn around the neck. There are four beggar categories known to us: 1) for the inhabitants of Gdańsk unfit for work and their children thus entitled to basic education; 2) badges for the poorest group of citizens having trouble making a living, which included their personal data and address; 3) badges for city visitors who needed aid and had not been admitted to hospitals, which entitled them to beg temporarily; 4) badges for the patients of the City Hospital (the Lazaret), which since the 17th century had become the main centre of medical care for the poorest. Artefacts registering those entitled to permanent or temporary hospital care are known dating even from the middle of the 18th century. With the popularisation of written documentation in the hospital, at the end of the 18th century artefacts of that kind became obsolete.
Psychiatry in Vilnius in 16th–20th Centuries: Review on Social Transformations
Authors: Žalnora Aistis
Published: April 2021

There issue of Psychiatry in Vilnius is unexplored field especially in a terms of its social aspects. Most of the former papers devoted to psychiatry in Vilnius were written in descriptive manner or they were uncritical case studies of one or another hospital. One of the first successful studies that was constructed by using modern methodology was a monograph of Dr. Tomas Vaisėta that described a social features of Vilnius psychiatry. However, the study is devoted to a late period – Soviet psychiatry only. Therefore the modern analysis of earlier periods and other Vilnius hospitals was still missing. In our article, we set us a goal, namely, to find the most important features, the so‑called paradigm fractures in the social history of Vilnius psychiatry.
The main tendency which should be emphasized was uneven development of Vilnius psychiatry, especially in a terms of attitude towards the patient. In most cases that could be interpreted in a light of a broader Global context. In Vilnius hospitals just like in other countries mentally ill were discriminated because of their unclear social and economic status. In the earliest period the mentally ill as an outcast of society is being locked in a jail‑like mental hospitals or fall into complete favor of the monastery hospices. The 19th century positivism at least theoretically brought humane paradigm to Lithuanian psychiatry. However, because of the limited medical measures as well as economic reasons the later period was marked by the realism or even negativism of semi‑modern interwar psychiatry. Mentally ill again falls into a status of outcast or a burden to the society. The question of responsibility towards mentally ill is avoided by the community as well as by state.
Nevertheless, some original solutions were found in Vilnius district. The mentally ill were employed in local farms that at‑least partly solved the issues of economic burden. Moreover, there were some more tendencies that do not fit in the global narrative. Despite the technical advance in treatment that gradually enabled the psychiatrists to help the patient, in the Soviet period we observe the opposite tendency that was to restrain and harm the mentally ill patient. In many cases even totally healthy people were misdiagnosed to be mentally ill and received harsh chemical treatment and isolation because of their personal criticism towards totalitarian Soviet system.
Komunikat NSZZ Solidarność KWB Bełchatów
Authors:   NSZZ Solidarność KWB Bełchatów
Published: April 2021

Statement of the Solidarity Union in Brown Coal Mine Bełchatów

The statement concerns the threats to the functioning of the company resulting from the government restructuring program of the Polish power industry.
Transformacja energetyki w trybie innowacji przełomowej (TETIP) do elektroprosumeryzmu wehikułem do przyszłości tu i teraz
Authors: Popczyk Jan
Published: April 2021

Transformation of the Energy Sector in the Breakthrough Innovation Mode (TETIP) to Electroprosumerism as a Vehicle for the Future, Here and Now

This paper is the author’s proposal of a coherent concept of a transformation of the entire fossil fuel energy sector to electroprosumerism (an economy without fossil fuels, without nuclear energy also) before 2050. It is a universal concept, but this paper focuses on Poland specifically. This concept of a transformation (in breakthrough, innovation mode) is based on a scientific basis, namely on a paradigmatic triplet, i.e. the following: an eclectic electroprosumer paradigm and two hard paradigms, namely: exergy and virtualization. The concept has three broad dimensions: economic, social and environmental (nature and climate). This concept can be creatively confronted with the EU energy transition plans, and also in the global context (American in the Euro-Atlantic zone and Chinese in the socialist market economy), based on political goals.
Phân khúc nhà ở chung cư cho người thu nhập thấp tại Việt Nam
Authors: Duy Võ Hà
Published: April 2021

Phân khúc nhà ở chung cư cho người thu nhập thấp tại Việt Nam đang thiếu nguồn cung, chưa có nhiều doanh nghiệp đầu tư bất động sản chuyên nghiệp thực hiện. Việc triển khai và quản lý cho phân khúc này còn gặp nhiều khó khăn. Nội dung bài viết này trình bày cơ sở pháp lý hiện nay tại Việt Nam, kinh nghiệm một số nước trên thế giới và lấy kinh nghiệm thực tiễn đó để có thể vận dụng vào mô hình phân khúc nhà ở chung cư cho người có thu nhập thấp tại Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu là cơ sở cho các đề xuất chính sách khi xây dựng căn hộ chung cư cho người có thu nhập thấp để cho các doanh nghiệp kinh doanh địa ốc chuyên nghiệp và có uy tín trên thị trường bất động sản mạnh dạn đầu tư vào phân khúc nhà ở chung cư, nhà ở xã hội cho người thu nhập thấp, để từ đó ai cũng sở hữu được căn nhà hoặc đi thuê với giá phải chăng, góp phần vào sự thành công của mô hình này ở Việt Nam.
Đô thị hóa và tăng trưởng kinh tế tại vùng kinh tế trọng điểm phía Nam
Authors: Hùng Trần Mạnh , Tùng Lê Thanh , Anh Lê Tuấn
Published: April 2021

Quá trình phát triển kinh tế đã dẫn đến đô thị hóa nhanh chóng tại các tỉnh thành thuộc vùng kinh tế trọng điểm phía Nam. Tuy nhiên, đô thị hóa tràn lan có thể tạo ra bất ổn và kéo theo xu hướng tăng trưởng kinh tế không bền vững. Bài báo thực hiện một số mục tiêu sau: (1) Giới thiệu cơ sở lý thuyết về phát triển đô thị hóa gắn với thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế, (2) Phân tích thực trạng đô thị hóa trong bối cảnh thực hiện định hướng thúc đẩy kinh tế tăng trưởng mạnh mẽ hơn tại các tỉnh thành thuộc vùng kinh tế trọng điểm phía Nam, và (3) Đề xuất một số hàm ý chính sách để thúc đẩy quá trình đô thị hóa gắn với thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế tại các tỉnh thành thuộc vùng kinh tế trọng điểm phía Nam trong thời gian tới.