bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying urban physical growth types in Banda Aceh City after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
Authors: Amri Ikhwan , Giyarsih Sri Rum
Published: October 2020

Banda Aceh was the most affected city by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. This city has grown rapidly because of disaster recovery activities. Therefore, this study aims to identify the types of urban physical growth in Banda Aceh City quantitatively from 2005 to 2019. The characteristics of growth were identified by integrating geographic information systems and remote sensing. The analysis showed that the main types of urban physical growth in the city were edge-expansion in 2005-2009 and infilling in 2009-2019. The percentage of spontaneous growth area was the lowest in both periods. The process of reconstruction and rehabilitation was considered to greatly affect the types of urban physical growth, where newly built-up areas were established close to the existing built-up areas. This also caused urban densification in a relatively short time. The process of urbanization had reached a stable stage in the city so that the surrounding suburbs have the potential to experience regional transformation. Overall, the approach used in this study resulted in a more objective understanding of identifying the urban physical growth characteristics for better urban planning.
Various ICT-based applications and their uses to support smart city implementation in the Regency of Blora
Authors: Rachmawati Rini , Rachmadani Pinta , Anifa Vivy Nur , Lutfiana Fina
Published: October 2020

One of the implementations of the smart city concept is by making use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based applications in providing public services. The Regency of Blora is one of the Indonesian regencies belonging to the 100-Smart-City. The aims of the research are identifying the applications contained in the programs in the smart city master plan on each dimension, identifying the applications most used to support smart city implementation, analyzing The Use of Aplication, and recommending applications required for implementing smart city. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research includes an application-based Blora Smart City development program implemented in six smart city dimensions. Applications that have been used properly are selected through focus group discussions (FGD). Application provider informants were selected purposively, while for application users five informants were selected. Data processing was carried out using in-depth interview transcripts. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive qualitative. The research result show that various applications have been used to support the realization of the Regency of Blora as a smart city. Some of the society members have been making use of the applications to deserve public services. However, to support the uses of ICTbased applications in an optimum level, it is necessary to make it easy to access internet, to socialize the existence of applications, and to obtain aspiration from local people for the policy of applying the applications. Evaluation of application utilization is recommended as a follow-up research through structured interview surveys of application users with a larger number of respondents.
Preface. The XIV International Research and Practice Conference “Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering” (USME 2020)
Authors: Pivnyak Gennadiy , Bondarenko Volodymyr , Kovalevska Iryna , Lysenko Roman , Malova Olha
Published: October 2020

The XIV International Research and Practice Conference “Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering” once again has made an important contribution to the mining industry, science and education. In the course of the conference, a wide range of problems was discussed: theoretical aspects of mining; domestic and foreign experience; personnel training in modern realities; problems of mineral deposits development; fundamental concepts of labor safety, etc. Fruitful dialogue and exchange of experience among conference participants contribute to the generation of new ideas, discoveries, technologies that will find their application in the nearest future. The formation of a new generation of scientists and engineers is taking place today, and therefore this representative conference is an important means of creating a new intellectual environment. The conference promotes the establishment of effective contacts between representatives of different scientific schools and directions, and the acquisition of invaluable experience and practice by researchers.
Peculiarities of using classification indicators of the coal metamorphism degree for predicting the hazardous coal seams properties
Authors: Antoshchenko Mykola , Filatieva Elvira , Yefimtsev Vladyslav , Tarasov Vadym
Published: October 2020

Currently, there is no reliable regulatory framework for determining the hazardous properties of coal seams, including the propensity of coal for spontaneous combustion. Under relatively identical mining engineering and geological conditions for mining coal seams, the probability of emergency situations is determined to a large extent by the genetic properties of coal. The research methodology is based on the classical definition of metamorphism, which characterizes the change in the composition and properties of coal. The analysis involves indicators that directly or indirectly characterize the elemental composition of organic and mineral mass, chemical activity and physico-mechanical properties. This will allow to establish a specific composition and properties that contribute to the manifestation of certain hazardous properties of coal seams during mining operations. It is shown that the modern industrial classification does not take into account the change in the organic and mineral constituents of coal, which does not make it possible to use it unchanged to predict the hazardous properties of coal seams.
On the formation of a mine-based energy resource complex
Authors: Falshtynskyi Volodymyr , Dychkovskyi Roman , Khomenko Oleh , Kononenko Maksym
Published: October 2020

The paper represents the analysis, which has helped to determine tendencies of the formation of energy resource complex based on the available mining facilities. The approach helps prolong operating life of the mine with the depleted balance reserves or the one being under abandonment. The proposed technologies of generator gas production by anaerobic digestion of organic raw material in the methane-tanks as well as other approaches to the combined formation of new energy systems make it possible to reorient the mine operation. The approach is extremely important for rather depressed mining regions as it helps solve the problem of social strain. Formation of the joint power and chemical production allows both improving economic expediency and preventing negative ecologic impact on surface and underground mine environment. The proposed tendencies make it possible to outline further issues to be highlighted in the following authors’ studies.
Identification of models of nonlinear dynamic processes in mining on the basis of Volterra nuclei
Authors: Morkun Natalia , Zavsiehdashnia Iryna , Serdiuk Oleksandra , Kasatkina Iryna
Published: October 2020

Solving the problem of improving efficiency of technological processes of mineral concentration is one of the essential for providing sustainability of mining enterprises. Currently, special attention is paid to optimization of technological processes in concentration of useful minerals. This approach calls for availability of high-quality data on the process, formation of corresponding databases and their subsequent processing to build adequate and efficient mathematical models of processes and systems. In order to improve quality of mathematical description of forming fractional characteristics of ore through applying technological aggregates in concentration, the authors suggest using power Volterra series that provide characteristics of a controlled object (its condition) as a sequence of multidimensional weight functions invariant to the type of an input signal – Volterra nuclei. Application of Volterra structures enables decreasing the modelling error to 0.039 under the root-mean-square error of 0.0594.
Beratungsanlässe in Notaufnahmen und Notfallpraxen außerhalb hausärztlicher Sprechstundenzeiten – Eine Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Mosler Torge , Flägel Kristina , Steinhäuser Jost
Published: October 2020

Ziel der Studie Seit 2006 übernehmen in immer mehr Bundesländern Notfallpraxen (NP) der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KV) die Patientenversorgung in sprechstundenfreien Zeiten. Zudem stellen Notaufnahmen (ZNA) der Krankenhäuser die Akutversorgung der Bevölkerung sicher. Eine optimale Koordination der Versorgung in die adäquate Einrichtung wird vielfach diskutiert. Diese Arbeit hatte zum Ziel, Beratungsanlässe und subjektive Gründe, die jeweilige Einrichtung aufzusuchen, zu erheben.

Methodik In einer Mixed-Methods-Studie wurden Patienten mit nicht dringlichem Behandlungsbedarf (Manchester-Triage-System Gruppe 4 und 5) von Juli 2015 bis August 2016 außerhalb hausärztlicher Sprechstundenzeiten in 2 ZNA in Schleswig-Holstein und 2 KV-NP in Baden-Württemberg bezüglich ihrer Beratungsanlässe befragt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte durch einen Fragebogen und ein semistrukturiertes Leitfadeninterview. Zur deskriptiven Auswertung diente das Statistikprogramm SPSS; die qualitativen Daten wurden mit qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 398 Patienten befragt. Als Beratungsanlässe dominierten in den ZNA und NP Beschwerden des Bewegungsapparates (39%, n=116 bzw. 23%, n=23). Bei den technischen Untersuchungsleistungen stand in der ZNA die Laboruntersuchung mit 59% (n=175) an erster Stelle. In den NP wurde diese bei einem Patienten (2%) durchgeführt. Hauptgründe für die Konsultation waren in beiden Einrichtungen eine Zunahme der Beschwerden (50%, n=147 in der ZNA bzw. 70%, n=70 in den NP) und der Wunsch nach rascher Diagnostik (73%, n=217 in den ZNA bzw. 48%, n=48 in den NP). 28% (n=112) der befragten Patienten besaßen einen Medikamentenplan, davon hatten 60% (n=67) diesen mitgebracht. 66% (n=197) der Notaufnahmepatienten konnten in die ambulante Weiterversorgung entlassen werden. In den NP wurden 89% (n=89) ambulant weiterbehandelt. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ergab in beiden Einrichtungsarten ebenfalls ähnliche Beschwerdekategorien, jedoch mit deutlichen Unterschieden bezüglich der Schwere und erlebten Dringlichkeit. In beiden Einrichtungen erwarteten die Patienten Gewissheit durch Abklärung ihrer Beschwerden. In den ZNA wurde vermehrt der Wunsch nach einer bestimmten Diagnostik und Schnelligkeit geäußert.

Schlussfolgerung Für die Mehrheit der Beratungsanlässe in beiden Versorgungseinrichtungen konnte eine medizinische Behandlungsindikation nachvollzogen werden. Auch war eine Unterscheidung in der Dringlichkeit der Beratungsanlässe zwischen ZNA und NP festzustellen.
Plasma temperature measurement with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)
Authors: Hunter E. D. , Fajans J. , Lewis N. A. , Povilus A. P. , Sierra C. , So C. , Zimmer D.
Published: October 2020

The temperature of a nonneutral plasma confined in a Penning–Malmberg trap can be determined by slowly lowering one side of the trap’s electrostatic axial confinement barrier; the temperature is inferred from the rate at which particles escape the trap as a function of the barrier height. In many experiments, the escaping particles are directed toward a microchannel plate, and the resulting amplified charge is collected on a phosphor screen. The screen is used for imaging the plasma but can also be used as a Faraday cup (FC) for a temperature measurement. The sensitivity limit is then set by microphonic noise enhanced by the screen’s high-voltage bias. Alternately, a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) can be employed to measure the charge via the light emitted from the phosphor screen. This decouples the signal from the microphonic noise and allows the temperature of colder and smaller plasmas to be measured than could be measured previously; this paper focuses on the advantages of a SiPM over a FC.
Diol it up: The influence of NaCl on methylglyoxal surface adsorption and hydration state at the air–water interface
Authors: Gordon Brittany P. , Lindquist Grace A. , Crawford Michael L. , Wren Sumi N. , Moore Frederick G. , Scatena Lawrence F. , Richmond Geraldine L.
Published: October 2020

Methylglyoxal (MG)—an atmospherically important α-dicarbonyl implicated in aqueous-phase secondary organic aerosol formation—is known to be surface-active. Due to the presence of carbonyl moieties, MG can hydrate to form geminal diols in solution. Recently, it has been shown that MG exists predominantly as a monohydrate at the neat air–water interface. However, inorganic aerosol constituents have the potential to “salt-out” MG to the interface, shift its hydration equilibria, and catalyze self- and cross-oligomerization reactions. Here, we study the influence of the non-reactive salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), on the MG’s surface adsorption and hydration state using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy. The presence of NaCl is found to enhance MG’s surface activity but not to the extent that water is fully excluded from the interface. Perturbations in the interfacial water structure are attributed to shifts in MG’s hydration equilibrium at higher ionic strengths. Evidence of surface-active MG oligomer species is presented, but such oligomers are not thought to contribute significantly to the interfacial population. This work builds on the published studies on MG in pure water and gives insight into the interface’s perturbation by NaCl, which has important implications for understanding MG’s atmospheric fate.
Application of conserved thermal-noise energy model to damped resonant behavior in cryogenic current comparators
Authors: Williams Jonathan M. , Ireland Jane , Rungger Ivan
Published: October 2020

Measurements of the resonant behavior of a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) under a range of damping conditions have been made. A model of conserved thermal-noise energy in resonant systems has been applied showing that, regardless of the value of the damping resistor, the energy stored in the resonance is constant. This finding is presented in the context of the design of high turn CCCs for use in the measurement of small currents where there is an increasing requirement to understand and reduce noise. Various damping methods for CCCs are described and experimental results compared with the theory.
On turbulence measurement in rotating magnetic field-driven flow
Authors: Azulay A. , Mikhailovich B. , Levy A. , Yakhot A.
Published: October 2020

Small-scale turbulence measurements in liquid metals are generally conducted using potential difference probes (PDPs). However, the use of PDPs in alternating magnetic field-driven flows is limited as the driving magnetic field (DMF) induces a noise signal, which cannot be separated from the turbulence signal using a filtering algorithm that does not take into consideration the physics of both the noise and the flow. Therefore, we developed a post-measurement method for the rejection of DMF-induced signals. The method was demonstrated for a case study of rotating magnetic field (RMF)-driven flow in which the interaction between the PDP and DMF was investigated. The probe was successfully aligned so that the DMF-induced signal could be linearly separated from the turbulence signal. Consequently, our method enables the properties of both the cyclostationary induced signal and turbulence to be utilized to reconstruct DMF-induced signals. The induced signal is reconstructed using a moving ensemble (or ergodic) averaging algorithm that removes the turbulence contribution to the original signal. The algorithm was tested by applying it to velocity measurements that were conducted inside liquid Ga–In–Sn alloy subjected to RMF driven flow, and it was found that the developed method enabled the successful rejection of the DMF-induced signal. The rejection of the induced signal revealed an unknown spectral distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy for RMF-driven flow at a high magnetic Taylor number. This distribution could not have been identified without the rejection of the induced signal.
Notes on density matrix perturbation theory
Authors: Truflandier Lionel A. , Dianzinga Rivo M. , Bowler David R.
Published: October 2020

Density matrix perturbation theory (DMPT) is known as a promising alternative to the Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory, in which the sum-over-states (SOS) is replaced by algorithms with perturbed density matrices as the input variables. In this article, we formulate and discuss three types of DMPT, with two of them based only on density matrices: the approach of Kussmann and Ochsenfeld [J. Chem. Phys. 127, 054103 (2007)] is reformulated via the Sylvester equation and the recursive DMPT of Niklasson and Challacombe [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 193001 (2004)] is extended to the hole-particle canonical purification (HPCP) from Truflandier et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 091102 (2016)]. A comparison of the computational performances shows that the aforementioned methods outperform the standard SOS. The HPCP-DMPT demonstrates stable convergence profiles but at a higher computational cost when compared to the original recursive polynomial method.
Heat conduction in polymer chains with controlled end-to-end distance
Authors: Dinpajooh Mohammadhasan , Nitzan Abraham
Published: October 2020

The low thermal conductance of polymers is one of the major drawbacks for many polymer-based products. However, a single polymer chain when stretched can have high thermal conductivities. We use non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study the steady-state thermal conductance along finite macromolecules under mechanical control of the end-to-end distance. We find that the nature of heat transport along such chains strongly depends on mechanical tuning, leading to significantly different heat conductions and temperature profiles along the chain in the compressed-chain and stretched-chain limits. This transition between modes of behaviors appears to be a threshold phenomenon: at relatively small end-to-end distances, the thermal conductance remains almost constant as one stretches the polymer chain. At given critical end-to-end distances, thermal conductances start to increase, reaching the fully extended chain values. Correlated with this behavior are two observations: first, the temperature bias falls mostly at contacts in the fully stretched chain, while part of it falls along the molecule in the compressed limit. Second, the heat conduction does not change significantly with the chain length in the stretched-chain limit but decreases dramatically when this length increases in the compressed molecule. This suggests that heat transfer along stretched chains is mostly ballistic, while in the compressed chain, heat is transferred by diffusive mechanisms. Significantly, these trends persist also for a large range of molecular structures and force fields, and the changing behavior correlates well with mode localization properties. Similar studies conducted with disordered chains and bundles of several chains show remnants of the same behavior.
Theoretical description of hyperpolarization formation in the SABRE-relay method
Authors: Knecht Stephan , Barskiy Danila A. , Buntkowsky Gerd , Ivanov Konstantin L.
Published: October 2020

SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) has become a widely used method for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins, thereby enhancing their Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals by orders of magnitude. In SABRE experiments, the non-equilibrium spin order is transferred from parahydrogen to a substrate in a transient organometallic complex. The applicability of SABRE is expanded by the methodology of SABRE-relay in which polarization can be relayed to a second substrate either by direct chemical exchange of hyperpolarized nuclei or by polarization transfer between two substrates in a second organometallic complex. To understand the mechanism of the polarization transfer and study the transfer efficiency, we propose a theoretical approach to SABRE-relay, which can treat both spin dynamics and chemical kinetics as well as the interplay between them. The approach is based on a set of equations for the spin density matrices of the spin systems involved (i.e., SABRE substrates and complexes), which can be solved numerically. Using this method, we perform a detailed study of polarization formation and analyze in detail the dependence of the attainable polarization level on various chemical kinetic and spin dynamic parameters. We foresee the applications of the present approach for optimizing SABRE-relay experiments with the ultimate goal of achieving maximal NMR signal enhancements for substrates of interest.
Analytic energy gradients of spin-adapted open-shell time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Wang Zikuan , Li Zhendong , Zhang Yong , Liu Wenjian
Published: October 2020

It is now well established that the spin-adapted time-dependent density functional theory [X-TD-DFT; Li and Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 194106 (2011)] for low-lying excited states of open-shell systems has very much the same accuracy as the conventional TD-DFT for low-lying excited states of closed-shell systems. In particular, this has been achieved without computational overhead over the unrestricted TD-DFT (U-TD-DFT) that usually produces heavily spin-contaminated excited states. It is shown here that the analytic energy gradients of X-TD-DFT can be obtained by just slight modifications of those of U-TD-DFT running with restricted open-shell Kohn–Sham orbitals. As such, X-TD-DFT also has no overhead over U-TD-DFT in the calculation of energy gradients of excited states of open-shell systems. Although only a few prototypical open-shell molecules are considered as showcases, it can definitely be said that X-TD-DFT can replace U-TD-DFT for geometry optimization and dynamics simulation of excited states of open-shell systems.
Stochastic scattering theory for excitation-induced dephasing: Time-dependent nonlinear coherent exciton lineshapes
Authors: Srimath Kandada Ajay Ram , Li Hao , Thouin Félix , Bittner Eric R. , Silva Carlos
Published: October 2020

We develop a stochastic theory that treats time-dependent exciton–exciton s-wave scattering and that accounts for dynamic Coulomb screening, which we describe within a mean-field limit. With this theory, we model excitation-induced dephasing effects on time-resolved two-dimensional coherent optical lineshapes and we identify a number of features that can be attributed to the many-body dynamics occurring in the background of the exciton, including dynamic line narrowing, mixing of real and imaginary spectral components, and multi-quantum states. We test the model by means of multidimensional coherent spectroscopy on a two-dimensional metal-halide semiconductor that hosts tightly bound excitons and biexcitons that feature strong polaronic character. We find that the exciton nonlinear coherent lineshape reflects many-body correlations that give rise to excitation-induced dephasing. Furthermore, we observe that the exciton lineshape evolves with the population time over time windows in which the population itself is static in a manner that reveals the evolution of the multi-exciton many-body couplings. Specifically, the dephasing dynamics slow down with time, at a rate that is governed by the strength of exciton many-body interactions and on the dynamic Coulomb screening potential. The real part of the coherent optical lineshape displays strong dispersive character at zero time, which transforms to an absorptive lineshape on the dissipation timescale of excitation-induced dephasing effects, while the imaginary part displays converse behavior. Our microscopic theoretical approach is sufficiently flexible to allow for a wide exploration of how system-bath dynamics contribute to linear and non-linear time-resolved spectral behavior.
Measuring pressure in equilibrium and nonequilibrium lattice-gas models
Authors: Sellitto Mauro
Published: October 2020

We develop an algorithm based on the method proposed by Dickman for directly measuring pressure in lattice-gas models. The algorithm gives the possibility to access the equation of state with a single run by adding multiple ghost sites to the original system. This feature considerably improves calculations and makes the algorithm particularly efficient for systems with inhomogeneous density profiles, both in equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady states. We illustrate its broad applicability by considering some paradigmatic systems of statistical mechanics such as the lattice gas under gravity, nearest-neighbor exclusion models in finite dimension and on regular random graphs, and the boundary-driven simple symmetric exclusion process.
Semantic limits of dense combinatorial objects
Authors: Coregliano L. N. , Razborov A. A.
Published: October 2020

The theory of limits of discrete combinatorial objects has been thriving for the last decade or so. The syntactic, algebraic approach to the subject is popularly known as ‘flag algebras’, while the semantic, geometric approach is often associated with the name ‘graph limits’. The language of graph limits is generally more intuitive and expressible, but a price that one has to pay for it is that it is better suited for the case of ordinary graphs than for more general combinatorial objects. Accordingly, there have been several attempts in the literature, of varying degree of generality, to define limit objects for more complicated combinatorial structures. This paper is another attempt at a workable general theory of dense limit objects. Unlike previous efforts in this direction (with the notable exception of [5] by Aroskar and Cummings), our account is based on the same concepts from first-order logic and model theory as in the theory of flag algebras. It is shown how our definitions naturally encompass a host of previously considered cases (graphons, hypergraphons, digraphons, permutons, posetons, coloured graphs, and so on), and the fundamental properties of existence and uniqueness are extended to this more general case. Also given is an intuitive general proof of the continuous version of the Induced Removal Lemma based on the compactness theorem for propositional calculus. Use is made of the notion of open interpretation that often allows one to transfer methods and results from one situation to another. Again, it is shown that some previous arguments can be quite naturally framed using this language.

Bibliography: 68 titles.
SurA is a cryptically grooved chaperone that expands unfolded outer membrane proteins
Authors: Marx Dagan C. , Plummer Ashlee M. , Faustino Anneliese M. , Devlin Taylor , Roskopf Michaela A. , Leblanc Mathis J. , Lessen Henry J. , Amann Barbara T. , Fleming Patrick J. , Krueger Susan , Fried Stephen D. , Fleming Karen G.
Published: October 2020

Significance

Outer membrane proteins play critical roles in bacterial physiology and increasingly are exploited as antibiotic targets. SurA is the most important chaperone in the OMP biogenesis network and is thought to initiate their folding through an interaction with the BAM complex. We observe an unprecedented expansion of unfolded outer membrane proteins when bound to SurA. This expansion suggests a potential mechanism by which SurA can deliver uOMPs to the BAM complex. In addition, this study highlights the use of an integrative/hybrid structural biology approach and emerging methods to map highly heterogeneous structural ensembles, such as that of an unfolded protein bound to a chaperone.
The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights
Authors: Seitz Benjamin M. , Aktipis Athena , Buss David M. , Alcock Joe , Bloom Paul , Gelfand Michele , Harris Sam , Lieberman Debra , Horowitz Barbara N. , Pinker Steven , Wilson David Sloan , Haselton Martie G.
Published: October 2020

Humans and viruses have been coevolving for millennia. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19) has been particularly successful in evading our evolved defenses. The outcome has been tragic—across the globe, millions have been sickened and hundreds of thousands have died. Moreover, the quarantine has radically changed the structure of our lives, with devastating social and economic consequences that are likely to unfold for years. An evolutionary perspective can help us understand the progression and consequences of the pandemic. Here, a diverse group of scientists, with expertise from evolutionary medicine to cultural evolution, provide insights about the pandemic and its aftermath. At the most granular level, we consider how viruses might affect social behavior, and how quarantine, ironically, could make us susceptible to other maladies, due to a lack of microbial exposure. At the psychological level, we describe the ways in which the pandemic can affect mating behavior, cooperation (or the lack thereof), and gender norms, and how we can use disgust to better activate native “behavioral immunity” to combat disease spread. At the cultural level, we describe shifting cultural norms and how we might harness them to better combat disease and the negative social consequences of the pandemic. These insights can be used to craft solutions to problems produced by the pandemic and to lay the groundwork for a scientific agenda to capture and understand what has become, in effect, a worldwide social experiment.
Anthropogenic Asian aerosols provide Fe to the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pinedo-González Paulina , Hawco Nicholas J. , Bundy Randelle M. , Armbrust E. Virginia , Follows Michael J. , Cael B. B. , White Angelicque E. , Ferrón Sara , Karl David M. , John Seth G.
Published: October 2020

Significance

Mineral dust has long been considered an important source of Fe to the surface ocean, especially in remote areas away from continental margins. However, anthropogenic Fe derived from fossil-fuel burning may also contribute Fe to surface waters. Here we show in situ evidence of anthropogenic Fe in seawater, based on the concentrations and isotopic composition of Fe measured during a springtime cruise which transected the North Pacific Ocean. Our results suggest that anthropogenic Fe could play a globally important role in marine productivity and carbon cycling.
Engineered ACE2 receptor traps potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Glasgow Anum , Glasgow Jeff , Limonta Daniel , Solomon Paige , Lui Irene , Zhang Yang , Nix Matthew A. , Rettko Nicholas J. , Zha Shoshana , Yamin Rachel , Kao Kevin , Rosenberg Oren S. , Ravetch Jeffrey V. , Wiita Arun P. , Leung Kevin K. , Lim Shion A. , Zhou Xin X. , Hobman Tom C. , Kortemme Tanja , Wells James A.
Published: October 2020

Significance

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, protein engineering offers a rapid and powerful approach for building therapeutics to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We use computational design, affinity maturation, and fusion to dimerization domains to engineer “receptor traps” based on wild-type angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), the target for viral spike-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. The optimized ACE2 receptor traps neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 infections as effectively as high-affinity antibodies isolated from convalescent patients and also bind viral spike proteins from other coronaviruses known to cause respiratory diseases. ACE2 receptor traps have large binding interfaces and block the entire receptor binding interface, limiting the potential impact of viral escape mutations.
The Twittering Presidents
Authors: Wignell Peter , Tan Sabine , O’Halloran Kay L. , Chai Kevin
Published: October 2020

This paper uses a Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis (SF-MDA) approach to analyse tweets from the Twitter
accounts of Presidents Barack Obama (@Barack Obama) and Donald Trump (@realDonaldTrump). The tweets were posted during the last nine months
of President Obama’s effective presidency and the first nine months of President Trump’s presidency. The tweets are analysed using automated
text analysis which is interpreted through an SF-MDA lens, supplemented by manual analysis. The analysis examines ideational and
interpersonal emphasis in the tweets with the aim of showing how the composition and content construct a view of how each president and his
presidency are presented to the public. The findings suggest marked contrasts in presidential style with President Trump foregrounding the
interpersonal while President Obama foregrounds the ideational. Where President Trump presents as self-promoting, autocratic, opinionated
and igniting discord in his tweets, President Obama presents as democratic, moderate, restrained and seeking social harmony.
Traditional festivities, political domination and social reproduction: Case analysis of Valencia’s Fallas
Authors: Rius-Ulldemolins Joaquim , Gisbert Verònica , Vera Carles
Published: October 2020

The traditional festivities have been usually analysed in social sciences as a mode of generating sociability and social cohesion, not only in traditional societies but also in modern ones. However, from Randall Collins's perspective, the festive ritual is used by certain groups to define identity, strengthen stratification, and establish political domination by creating shared focus points and building up emotional energy. This perspective allows us to go beyond the notion that festive ritual as Fallas forges consensus or the simplistic interpretation of folk culture as a weapon in resisting the powers that be. Collins shows us that ritual is a social arena in which various status groups struggle for domination. Nonetheless, his perspective must be nuanced given that the organisers of traditional culture rituals do not themselves constitute a social/political elite or movement, but rather are middlemen operating as a dominant group in a relatively autonomous social sphere. This can be seen in the analysis of the Fallas of Valencia: the sociability fostered by the festive culture and the Interaction Ritual (IR) generation of emotional energy allow a socially mobilised minority to define the regional identity, to exclude those considered enemies or foreigners, and to reproduce social stratification.
Natural number dynamics: reconstructing physics from generalized atomicity
Authors: Robinson T R
Published: October 2020

A novel approach is presented in which some key basic equations of physics are reconstructed from a generalized atomicity viewpoint i.e., one in which a system is characterised simply by the number of items it contains and hence by the natural numbers alone. The natural numbers may then be associated with the eigenvalue spectrum of an operator. The non-negative nature of the natural numbers leads to the properties of creation and annihilation operators. By examining the parastatistical properties of the number operator, it is also shown that there is only one linear representation that allows a primitive system to be created. An interpretation of the nonlinear factorization of the number operator is also given in terms of the Hamiltonian for bound states of the Schrödinger equation for the case of general one-dimensional potentials. Introducing multiple categories of items yields the standard equations of many-body systems with interaction and scattering, and the existence of bosons and fermions.
Loss compensation symmetry in a multimode waveguide coupler
Authors: Hlushchenko Anton V , Shcherbinin Vitalii I , Novitsky Denis V , Tuz Vladimir R
Published: October 2020

We investigate the loss compensation phenomenon in an asymmetric coupler composed of a pair of unequally sized dielectric cylinders with gain and loss. A multimode analytical approach is applied to solve the eigenvalue problem for the coupler. This approach relies on the field expansion in terms of two sets of orthogonal azimuthal modes, which are coupled due to finite distance between the cylinders. To achieve the loss compensation symmetry (LC-symmetry), a design strategy is developed for the coupler operated in a pair of distinct transverse magnetic modes. It is shown that the LC-symmetry can be achieved for a certain distance between the cylinders, which is associated with the exceptional point of the system. For smaller distances, the adverse impact of high-order azimuthal (hybrid) modes are found to be essential. The results obtained are validated against full-wave simulations.
Detection of NO2 pollution plumes from individual ships with the TROPOMI/S5P satellite sensor
Authors: Georgoulias Aristeidis K , Boersma K Folkert , van Vliet Jasper , Zhang Xiumei , van der A Ronald , Zanis Prodromos , de Laat Jos
Published: October 2020

This paper presents an analysis of tropospheric NO2 column measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument onboard the Copernicus Sentinel 5 Precursor satellite (TROPOMI/S5P) for an oceanic area in the central Mediterranean on 2 July 2018. The day and area were selected because of the stable and cloud-free weather conditions with low wind speeds throughout most of the area, while covering one of the busiest worldwide international shipping corridors. In addition, the area was affected by sunglint, i.e. sunlight that is directly reflected by the ocean surface waves to the satellite which greatly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the satellite observations. The satellite measurements reveal plume-like emission structures in tropospheric NO2 columns while automated identification signal (AIS) data of ship locations reveal a total of 185 ships in the area. Combined with information about wind speed and wind direction within 3 h prior to the TROPOMI/S5P overpass, the ship tracks can almost perfectly be aligned with the plume-like tropospheric NO2 structures. In addition, information about ship length and ship speed, combined with an analysis of ship tracks and ship position, reveal that nearly all emission plume-like tropospheric NO2 structures can be attributed to the largest ships, mostly container ships and crude oil tankers. Overall, our results show for the first time ever that NO2 emission plumes from ships can be detected and attributed to individual ships using satellite measurements, while also providing strong support for using satellite sunglint measurements.
Analysis of Influencing Factors in Traffic Accidents of Road Passenger Transport Vehicles
Authors: Dong Guoliang , Jia Hong , Dong Xuan , Xia Haiying
Published: October 2020

Traffic accidents of road passenger transport vehicles will cause great harm and impact on society and families. Analyzing the factors involved in the accident can find the main reason for the accident. This article analyzes the participating factors in accidents based on the data from the annual road traffic accident statistics report. Combining with the results of historical research, the important influencing factors are classified and analyzed, and some key factors of driving safety are summarized. Transport companies should pay attention to the key factors that may lead to accidents and eliminate these hidden dangers.
Quantitative Evaluation Method for Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Asphalt Pavement Construction Stage
Authors: Zhao Dongliang
Published: October 2020

The paper has studied on how to quantitatively evaluate greenhouse gas emissions during asphalt pavement construction. The calculation method is put forward, and the greenhouse gas emissions during the construction of asphalt pavement are obtained. Through calculating examples, the paper got energy saving and emissions reduction effect of warm mix asphalt, at the same time, and drew conclusions of effects of different mixing equipment and transportation equipment on total greenhouse gas emissions. The paper got some good conclusions through the calculation data: the raw material production process accounts for 13% of the total emissions; while asphalt mixture mixing, paving and rolling accounted for 67% of the total emissions, of which about 60% were in the asphalt mixture mixing stage alone. Transport processes account for 20% of total emissions. Compared with warm mix asphalt, heat mix asphalt reduced emissions by 18.2%. The main influencing factor of greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation process is the ratio between diesel consumption of transport equipment in one hundred kilometers and the maximum freight volume of the transportation equipment.
Identification and Test Analysis of Scattered Objects in Traffic Accident Scene
Authors: Ni Yanshu , Chang Qian
Published: October 2020

The scattered objects contain a lot of important information on the scene of traffic accidents. The identification and extraction of relevant characteristic values of the scattered objects on the scene of traffic accidents can provide important basis for solving the collision speed of the vehicles in the accident and provide some evidence for the handling of traffic accidents. In this paper, scattered objects on the scene of traffic accidents are taken as the research object. According to the theoretical model of camera imaging and the characteristics of scattered objects in the accident site, a camera calibration system was proposed by combining with MATALB software. In order to reduce the error caused by background environment in the calibration process, the red calibration object with known structure size was designed to obtain the aerial photography image containing the calibration object. MATLAB was used to extract the calibration object in the image and establish the relationship model between the actual value of the calibration object and the image value. The image processing accuracy was improved by gray transformation, Wiener filter denoising, Laplace sharpening and Canny algorithm edge detection. Taking circular and irregular scattered objects as examples, the simulation test is designed. The proposed calibration method and image processing method are applied to identify the features of scattered objects. The identification results are calculated and compared with the actual measurement results to verify the accuracy of the proposed method and provide a reference for on-site accident treatment.
Numerical simulation of tunnel surrounding rock temperature field
Authors: Wang Yansong , Quan Qunshan , Zhao Yuguo , Zhang Zhongzhe , Jiang Xinghong
Published: October 2020

Severe freezing injury can lead to tunnel encroachment and affect the safety of tunnel operation. The temperature field of surrounding rock and lining can be changed obviously by laying insulation layer on the outside surface of tunnel lining. Taking Wunvfeng tunnel as the engineering background. ANSYS program is used to simulate the surrounding rock temperature field, by comparing the two cases with and without protective layer, the variation law of surrounding rock temperature with time and space is obtained.
Research on the Development of a Traffic Signal Control Model based on Route Travel Time Equilibrium
Authors: Yongqiang Fan
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the problem of how to relieve traffic congestion was studied based on traffic signal control and traffic assignment. A bi-level planning model was built. The upper model was designed to minimize the total system delay time while the lower model was designed to maintain travel time equilibrium along any route chosen among the intra-regional O-D pairs. For the calculation of travel time, adequate consideration was given to the road travel time and the signal delay time caused at intersections. The model was then solved. The simulation results show that with inter-route travel time equilibrium maintained, the delay time and travel time throughout the road network were reduced compared with signal coordination control, with the algorithm validated.
Analysis of research frontier trend in transportation field based on knowledge mapping method
Authors: Chun-xiao Zheng , Yao Lin , Yang Wang , Ya-fei Yan , Xiao He , Ya-juan Zhao
Published: October 2020

Identifying the research frontier trends in the field of transportation can provide researchers with new perspectives and innovation points, and provide information support for decision-making of scientific research planning managers. In this paper, the visual knowledge map analysis method is used to analyze the conference documents published by the Transportation Research Board of the United States from 2015 to 2019, and analyze in detail eight key areas, including aviation, highway, marine transportation, motor carriers, pedestrians and bicyclists, pipelines, public transportation and railroads. The above analysis reveals the research frontier trends of the whole and 8 key sub fields in the field of transportation.
Spatial-temporal Graph Attention Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting
Authors: Wei Chang , Sheng Jin
Published: October 2020

In order to accurately forecast the road section traffic volume, in this study, a spatial-temporal graph attention network model(GALSTM), which is based on graph attention architecture and long and short memory network(LSTM), is proposed to predict the traffic volume of road section. LSTM network is used to extract the temporal correlation of traffic flow data, and graph attention network is used to get adaptive adjacency matrix at each time step to capture the spatial correlation of road network. The proposed GALSTM model and other frequently-used traffic flow prediction methods were validated by using dataset collected by the California highway administration PeMS. Experimental results on two traffic datasets indicate that GALSTM model achieves the best prediction accuracy in all three evaluation metrics of mean absolute errors, mean absolute percentage errors, and root mean squared errors. GALSTM model can be used as an effective method to forecast the traffic volume of road section.
Simulation for Service Facilities and Passenger Flow Organization Optimization on Railway Terminal
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Shao Chunfu
Published: October 2020

This paper takes railway terminal as research object, considers the diversity of passengers, and uses Anylogic software based on the social force model to build a dynamic simulation model of inbound walking path for complex passenger flow. BeijingWest Railway Station is taken as an example, and equipment utilization balance degree (EUBD), passenger density (PD), average walking time (AWT), passenger queue length (PQL) are selected to evaluate, and optimization suggestions are put forward. Research shows that increasing the number of security inspection equipment, escalators can significantly improve the efficiency of passengers entering the terminal, and the average walking time at the entrance on the northwest and middle side of the second floor is reduced by 73.83%, 65.99% respectively.
Analysis of Civil Aircraft Terrain Avoidance Warning System “Terrain Terrain” Issue Based on QAR Data
Authors: Wang Zuopeng , Song Mingming , Xie Mengtao
Published: October 2020

As an important instruction recording device for civil aircraft, Quick Access Recorder (QAR) records the operating status of various aircraft systems. Therefore, QAR data is an important basis for aircraft safety assessment, maintenance inspection and failure analysis[1][2]. The Terrain Avoidance Warning System (TAWS) provides the crew with a near-ground warning based on the aircraft’s current track information (including the aircraft’s current position, air pressure altitude, ground speed and track angle, etc.) and referring to terrain altitude data, obstacle data and airport data information. Generally, the QAR data can be used to obtain a more accurate judgment when a warning occurs in the TAWS system. Through the quantitative analysis of QAR data, this paper finds out the root cause of over speed approaching terrain warning in the flight process of an aircraft.