bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penjualan Di Toko Baju Gramorry Berbasis Web
Authors: Wati Sinta , Pratama Nugroho Bayu , Jayanti Sherly
Published: September 2023

Toko Baju Gramorry adalah sebuah toko yang bergerak pada bidang penjualan pakaian import, dan saat ini Toko Baju Gramorry menggunakan media sosial instagram sebagai sarana transaksi dan pemasaran produk nya, dengan menggunakan fasilitas instagram sebagai salah satu sarana penjualan, maka ruang lingkup penjualan masih kecil dan hanya orang-orang yang memiliki akun instagram dan mengikuti akun Baju Gramorry saja yang dapat melihat koleksi-koleksi produk nya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah analisa dan perancangan sistem informasi penjualan dan media yang digunakan yaitu Balsamiq Mockup 3. Metode pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner. Apabila nanti rancangan ini diimplementasikan, penulis menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MySql sebagai manajemen database. Untuk metode analisis penulis menggunakan metode PIECES, yaitu Performance, Information, Economic, Control, Efficiency, Service. Adapun pemodelan dalam perancangan sistem ini menggunakan metodeUML (Unified Modeling Language). Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah rancangan sistem informasi penjualan di Toko Baju Gramorry berbasis web dan telah dilakukan pengujian menggunakan skala likert. Penulis membagikan kuesioner kepada 10 pengunjung dengan 5 pernyataan dan diperoleh perhitungan dengan nillai 84,4% atau 211 poin nilai, termasuk dalam kategori diantara setuju dan sangat setuju. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa perancangan yang telah dibuat oleh penulis termasuk dalam kategori nilai yang baik.
Analisis Pengelolaan Surat Perintah Tugas (SPT) Dan Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas (SPPD) Menggunakan Metode Naratif (Studi Kasus Dinas Perumahan, Kawasan Permukiman Dan Pertanahan (DISPERKIMTAN) Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah)
Authors: Ariyanti Dwi , Kaestria Rommi , Sam'ani Sam'ani , Suratno Suratno
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengelolaan Surat Perintah Tugas (SPT) dan Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas (SPPD) pada Dinas Perumahan, Kawasan Permukiman, dan Pertanahan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dengan menggunakan metode naratif. Metode naratif dipilih sebagai pendekatan untuk memahami konteks, proses, dan isu-isu yang terkait dengan pengelolaan SPT dan SPPD dalam lingkungan tersebut. Melalui pendekatan naratif, penelitian ini akan menyelidiki beberapa aspek pengelolaan SPT dan SPPD, termasuk prosedur dan pedoman yang ada, transparansi dan akuntabilitas, pemantauan dan pengawasan, serta pemahaman dan kesadaran pegawai terkait. Data akan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen terkait. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi masalah dan tantangan dalam pengelolaan SPT dan SPPD, serta memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan yang dapat diterapkan. Langkah-langkah perbaikan yang direkomendasikan mungkin termasuk pengembangan pedoman dan prosedur yang jelas, peningkatan transparansi dan akuntabilitas, penguatan pemantauan dan pengawasan, serta peningkatan pemahaman dan kesadaran pegawai. Penelitian ini memiliki potensi untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pengelolaan SPT dan SPPD di lingkungan Dinas Perumahan, Kawasan Permukiman, dan Pertanahan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Diharapkan hasilnya dapat memberikan kontribusi positif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan surat tugas dan perjalanan dinas, serta memberikan dasar untuk perbaikan sistem yang lebih baik di masa depan.
Síndrome de sobrecarga, ansiedad y depresión en cuidadores primarios de pacientes con oncología pulmonar
Authors: Robles Esparza Andrés de Jesús , De Anda Roque Roque Mariana Alhelí , Casillas Guadalupe , Machain Cea Briton Arturo , Portilla Nieto Maria Fernanda , Gallegos Alba Frida Montserrat , Vera Romo Sandra Guadalupe
Published: September 2023

Introducción: La persona dedicada a la prestación del cuidado (cuidadores primarios) tienden a reducir la prioridad de su integridad, buscando suplir las necesidades de quien recibe el cuidado (en especial los que cuidan de pacientes con oncología), ocasionando el génesis de múltiples padecimientos físicos, mentales y psicológicos como la sobrecarga, la ansiedad y la depresión.
Objetivo: Correlacionar la presencia de sobrecarga con la ansiedad y depresión en los cuidadores primarios de pacientes con oncología pulmonar.
Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, prolectivo, transversal y retrospectivo de nivel relacional, conformado por una muestra no probabilística de intención/conveniencia de 100 cuidadores primarios de todo el estado de Aguascalientes. Se aplicó la escala de Zarit y la escala de Goldberg, con una confiabilidad del 0.92 y 0.75 por Alpha de Cronbach, respectivamente.
Resultados: Entre los cuidadores primarios evaluados, destaca el sexo femenino con un 72%, se observa una presencia de sobrecarga en el 56% de los cuidadores, la relación sobrecargaansiedad presenta una relación positiva de .208 (Spearman) y la relación sobrecargadepresión una relación casi nula del .041 (Spearman).
Discusión: Un cuidador primario parece estar condicionado a presentar distintos padecimientos mentales, generados a partir de su desempeño laboral y profesional, coincidentemente, existe un mayor número de cuidadores primarios que son mujeres a hombres.
Conclusiones: En el estado de Aguascalientes, los cuidadores primarios de pacientes con oncología pulmonar presentan sobrecarga, ansiedad y depresión y una relación positiva entre las tres variables.
 
Fechas de recepción: 24/04/23
Aceptación de originales: 19/07/23
Experiencias vividas por los familiares de los profesionales de enfermería en área COVID
Authors: De León Delgado Karla Guadalupe , Egure Luévano Britany Alejandra , Escogido Sifuentes Juana Itzamaray , Robledo García Melisa Monserrat , Torres de Luna Briselin Denis , Acosta Álvarez Mariely
Published: September 2023

Durante los meses de pandemia, cientos de enfermeras/os pusieron en riesgo su vida y la de su familia; repercutiendo en las relaciones familiares y convivencia con los miembros de su hogar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las experiencias vividas de los familiares del personal de enfermería asignados al área COVID. Participaron 8 familiares con muestreo por bola de nieve. Para obtener los datos se utilizo una entrevista semi-estructurada, en hogares de los participantes. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas según el referencial de analisis de contenido. A partir del analisis se origino una categoría: experiencias vividas, y dos subcategorías: 1)experiencias vividas positivas y 2) experiencias vividas negativas. En terminos generales en fases iniciales de la pandemia se observó un impacto en la vida de los familiares de los profesionales de enfermería en área COVID, se destacan el miedo y la incertidumbre sin embargo en fases posteriores a la vacunación surge el sentimiento de tranquilidad y protección, donde emergió un sentido de responsabilidad y cuidado junto con aprendizaje, fortaleciendo acciones ante futuras adversidades que pudieran poner en riesgo su salud. Finalmente podemos deducir que las experiencias fueron en su mayoría positivas ante la pandemia, puesto que los participantes refieren beneficios, unión familiar, aprendizaje, conocimiento, para sus familias y ellos.
Fechas de recepción: 14/11/22
Aceptación de originales: 7/05/23
Recent Trend in Dengue in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Md Robed
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 176-178
Renal Disease in Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Mostafi Mamun , Jabin Masrura
Published: September 2023

Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Renal diseases are increasingly recognized and encompasses a large share of the health sector. About 20 million people are suffering from chronic kidney disease, and of them, approximately 35,000–40,000 develop endstage renal disease each year. Chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the principal causes of chronic kidney disease. Hypovolemia, sepsis, obstetric complications and drugs (including herbal and homeopathic remedies) are common causes of acute kidney injury. All three renal replacement therapy modalities (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation) are performed in Bangladesh, yet only 25% of end-stage renal disease patients have access to treatment due to inadequate facilities and high healthcare costs. Nephrology as a specialty started its journey in 1973 in Bangladesh and now about 300 Nephrologists are managing the subject. Still there is huge need for more Nephrologists, as only one nephrologist is available for about every 0.8 million people. The country has improved financially from low- to low-middleincome country. Health sector is also more improving gradually. The government is now setting up renal care at rural level, introducing screening programs for early detection and prevention of kidney and other noncommunicable diseases. At the same time steps are under way to improve the advanced renal services at secondary and tertiary health institutes. Kidney transplantation started in 1982 and only live related transplantation are being done in several government and private organization. ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation has already been performed. Recently decease renal transplantation has also been performed. Research and training opportunities are expanding in collaboration with international organizations. Renal services appears up to date in this country but needs more and more enhancement to cope up the ever increasing burden.

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 180-185
Clinical relevance, etiology and imaging Characteristics of cerebral venous sinus Thrombosis at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Aminur , Rahman Tanbin , Hossen Khan Mohammad Sakhawat , Alam Dilruba , Habib Rumana
Published: September 2023

Background: Cerebral sinus thrombus (CVST) is a rare form of stroke often affects young people with diverse clinical, etiological and radiological presentation. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical relevance, etiologies, and imaging characteristics of CVST in Bangladesh.

Methods: A prospective, observational study was done at a tertiary care hospital with patients recruited in the period of January 2021 to January 2023. 38 patients with clinical and radiological features suggestive of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) were studied with thorough clinical evaluation and comprehensive work up.

Results: The mean age of presentation was 28.42 years with female predominance (n = 24). Headache was the most common presenting symptoms (92%, n = 35) followed by vomiting (52%, n = 20). Hemi paresis (38%; n = 14) was the most common clinical sign followed by cranial nerve palsy (26%, n = 10). 31% of the patients (n=12) had provoked CVST among those the most common cause was found to be pregnancy/puerperium in 58% (n = 7 patients) followed by OCP which were 25% (n = 3). 69 % of the patients (n=26) had unprovoked CVST among those the most common cause was found to be prothrombotic conditions in 85% (n = 22 patients) followed by idiopathic which were 15% (n = 4). In magnetic resonance imaging venography (MRV), 74% of patients (n = 28) had thrombosis of transverse sinus, 53% of patients (n = 20) had thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus and 42% patients (n = 16) of patients had saggital sinus thrombosis.

Conclusion: Clinical presentation is variable, etiology must be determined, and diagnostic method of choice is MRV. Headache was most the common clinical presentation and the most common etiological factor is puerperium. Provoked CVST is more common than unprovoked CVST and transverse sinus thrombosis frequently involved.

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 186-191
Pattern of Anaemia among Non-haematological Malignant Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rishad Mahbub Mayukh , Jannat Miftahul , Rakib Nur mohammad , Sultana Tania , Reza Ishrat Binte , Noor Nawsabah , Afrin Zafia , Monjurrahman  , Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: September 2023

Background: Anaemia is a frequent complication in cancer patients and has been linked to a reduction in quality of life as well as a poor prognosis. Considering the paucity of dataregarding anaemia in non-haematological carcinoma in developing countries, this studyaimed to evaluate the pattern of anaemia in non-haematological carcinoma patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 56 adult anaemic patients of nonhaematological carcinoma inDhaka Medical College Hospital, from 1st of September 2017 to 1stdecember 2017.After getting written informed consent, a detailed history, clinical examination and thorough investigation were carried out in each patient. All the methods in the present study were carried out following the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.Data were recorded in separated case record form and analyzed by IBM SPSS version 26.

Results: The majority of the study participants were male (62.5%), aged >50 years (64.3%), and from rural areas (60.7%). Metastasis affected 50% of the research participants, and colorectal carcinoma (17.9%) was the most common type of non-haematological carcinoma. The majority of patients had moderate to severe (73.2%), hypochromic (62.5%), and microcytic (62.5%) anemia. In contrast to patients without colorectal cancer, those who had it were more likely to get severe anemia (p=0.001). In patients with metastasis, the likelihood of having hemoglobin below 10 g/dL was 11.27 times higher than in patients without metastasis (COR = 11.27; 95% CI 2.23-56.86).

Conclusion: Maximum anaemic non-haematogical patients had haemoglobin <10 g/dL with microcytosis and hypochromia.

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 192-198
Accuracy of transient elastography in Identifying fibrosis among patients with Chronic hepatitis b: a cross-sectional Observational study
Authors: Rony Rajib Saha , Hossain Ahmed , Islam Md Daharul , Karim Md Fazal , Rahman Aminur , Jui Sudipta Saha
Published: September 2023

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing fibrosis but is invasive and carries post-procedural risks. Noninvasive tests to evaluate liver fibrosis are needed, and transient elastography is one such method. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess the accuracy of transient elastography in identifying fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and Hepatology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. The study subjects were patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B infection, both outpatient and inpatient cases. Data were collected from 25 patients using convenient and purposive sampling techniques. Demographic data, clinical examination, and relevant investigations were recorded in a structured case report form. Data were processed, registered, edited, computerized, and analyzed.

Results: The study included 25 patients with a mean age of 26.8±6.5 years, predominantly male (80%). All patients were HBsAg positive, 12.0% were HBeAg positive, and 56.0% were antiHBe positive. The mean HBV DNA PCR was 1516293.4±7475976.3 IU/ml. The mean ALT level was 45.4±13.8 U/L. The mean liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was 7.5±2.3 kPa, with 64.0% of patients showing fibrosis stage F0-F1. The mean periportal +/- bridging necrosis was 2.92±1.58, intralobular degeneration and focal were 1.16±0.55, portal inflammation was 2.52±0.87, histological activity index was 6.6±2.2, and fibrosis score was 1.44±1.04. Positive correlations were observed between LSM and histological activity index (r=0.239; p=0.251) and between LSM and fibrosis score (r=0.107; p=0.612).

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that transient elastography provides a non-invasive, easy, and cost-effective method for identifying fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients, serving as a potential alternative to liver biopsy.

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 199-205
Study of Left Ventricular Dysfunction In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Without Known Co-Morbidities
Authors: Uddin Md Nazim , Islam Md Daharul , Alam Mohammad Sarwar , Rahman Md Ataur , Rahman Shazedur , Alam Mondle Khorshed Minhajul , Hasan S M Mahmud , Hossain Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Background: Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients may precede the development of symptomatic heart failure. Detecting this dysfunction early could potentially prevent its progression. However, there is a scarcity of studies on this topic in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the left ventricular function status in type 2 DM patients without any known co-morbid conditions in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine in Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital over a one-year period. A total of 100 patients with a diagnosis of type 2 DM, meeting the inclusion-exclusion criteria, were enrolled. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, followed by the collection of socio-demographic data, detailed clinical history, and routine investigations. Echocardiograms were performed on all participants to assess the presence of systolic and diastolic dysfunction using various modes. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical software SPSS 23.0.
Results: The mean age of the study patients was 47.23±9.13 (SD) years, with the majority in the age group of 40-49 years (43%). Female patients accounted for 58% of the sample, while male patients comprised 42%. The frequency of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was 65%. The presence of LVDD was associated with longer duration of diabetes mellitus, higher HbA1C levels, older age, and increased BMI (p<.05).
Conclusion: The majority of type 2 diabetic patients in this study exhibited left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, with a prevalence of 65%. Further larger-scale studies are recommended to validate these findings.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 229-234
Paradoxical reactions in the form of Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and stroke in An immunocompetent girl with tuberculous Meningitis- a case report
Authors: Hossain Md Alamgir , Rahman Aminur , Agarwalla Ajay Kumar , Ahmed Muhammad Jamil , Md Russel Abul Hasnat , Dastegir Khan Shahjada Mohammad , Rahman Mohammad Moshiur , Paul Biplab , Saha Pallab Kanti , Ali Zahed
Published: September 2023

The paradoxical response is characterized by clinical or radiologic worsening of pre-existing lesions or the appearance of new lesions following initiation of treatment for tuberculosis (TB). The paradoxical response has raised questions about the accuracy of the diagnosis, the potential for treatment failure, and the presence of an underlying disease, making it an important topic of care for clinicians. In this case report, we present the paradox reaction of a 14 year old girl diagnosed and treated for TB meningitis. This healthy immune girl is successfully treated with steroids, and we discuss the importance of treating the paradox of tuberculosis progression despite the use of effective anti-TB drugs.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 245-251
Typhoid Dengue Co-infection: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Reza Ishrat Binte , Ahmed Asif
Published: September 2023

Dengue and typhoid fever are different entities with overlapping signs and symptoms. The resemblance of symptoms makes clinical diagnosis and treatment difficult. Both are major health problems mainly during monsoon. If they are not diagnosed timely and treated, outcome can be fatal. We report 2 cases of dengue virus co-infection with typhoid fever during this outbreak of dengue. The aim of this report was to create awareness about this co-infection
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 239-240
Disseminated herpes zoster in an Immunocompetent patient on long-term Clozapine: case report
Authors: Das Nikhil , Hoque Farzana
Published: September 2023

Disseminated herpes zoster is characterized by more than 20 herpetic lesions distributed across other body parts outside the affected dermatome. Disseminated herpes zoster occurs more frequently in immunocompromised patients and only a handful of case reports highlighted itsoccurrence in immunocompetent individuals. Clozapine use has been linked to decreased immune functioning, but no conclusive evidence to categorize clozapine as an immunosuppressive drug has been published. Here we report a case of a 65-year-old immunocompetent man on long-term clozapine who presented with vesicular lesions in a non-dermatomal distribution and was diagnosed to have disseminated zoster.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 241-244
Medical Quiz-2 Vol. 34(3) 2023
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 261
Answer to Medical Quiz - 1 Vol. 34(3) 2023
Authors: Rahman Aminur
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 262
Answer to Medical Quiz - 2 Vol. 34(3) 2023
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; 34(3): 263
Parry Romberg Syndrome: A Rare Entity from a Primary Care Center in Bangladesh
Authors: Podder Chinmay Saha , Chowdhury Nandini
Published: September 2023

Parry Romberg syndrome (PRS) is an acquired, rare, neurocutaneous disorder presenting most commonly as hemiatrophy of face with characteristic involvement of skin, subcutis, bone and denture with or without neurological manifestations.Here we present a case of 16 year old girl, who presented with characteristic insidious, progressive, selflimited hemifacial atrophy accompanied with headache and facial pain.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 59-62
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Renal Mass with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Sharmin Fatama , Shams Shamsunnahar , Islam SM Mazharul , Chowdhury Ziaur Rahman , Hossain Mohammad , Islam Sami Nazrul , Akter Nazneen
Published: September 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common cancer and the most common primary renal malignant neoplasm in adults. Computed Tomography (CT) is of a great value in differentiating malignant from benign masses of RCC. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 61 clinically suspected cases of renal mass at Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC and Mitford Hospital) in the Department of Radiology and Imaging in collaboration with the Department of Urology and Pathology, from July ’2011 to June’ 2013. However, in 05 cases, histopathological reports were not available and 07 patients refused surgery after enrolling. Finally, histopathology reports were collected from 49 patients and they were considered as study subjects. Aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of CT scan findings in compere with the histopathological report for the diagnosis of renal mass and to differentiate its benign and malignant forms. The age range of the patients was 2 to 73 years, where more than two-third (69.38%) were male and rest of them were female. Maximum number of malignant cases observed in the age range of 50-59 years. In comparison, inflammatory and benign conditions dominate in early age group, mostly before 40 years. Among 49 cases, 41 (83.68%) cases were diagnosed as malignant renal mass by CT scan, 01 (2.04) case was missed, which was confirmed by histopathology. Rest 07 (14.28%) patients were diagnosed as benign both in CT scan and histopathology. The sensitivity of CT for malignant renal mass was found 97.62% and specificity was 100%. The positive and negative predictive values of CT were 87.5% and 97.59% respectively. Computed tomography is a valid diagnostic modality for differentiating benign and malignant renal mass.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 41-46
Prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder among Physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nurunnabi Mohammad , Nazia Anika , Chowdhury Nabeel , Alam Mubashira Binta , Islam Md Moinul , Sultana Mst Siddika , Kakoly Nadira Sultana
Published: September 2023

The healthcare professionals endured a major physical as well as psychological burden against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global catastrophe. Owing to their role in the frontline, they were the most exposed group who faced the deadly virus head-on which increased their mental health problems during this pandemic. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of PTSD among 314 working physicians from the purposively selected government and private hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dhaka city. ‘Impact of Event Scale-Revised’ (IES-R) was used to construct the questionnaire. The mean age of the physician was 32.2±4.7 years. One-fifth of them (21.0%) diagnosed COVID-19 positive by the rt-PCR test. The most prevalent co-morbidities were found bronchial asthma (74.2%), hypertension (32.3%) and diabetes mellitus (19.4%). About half of the physicians (48.6%) had mild PTSD. The test of significance denotes the significant associations of the prevalence of mild PTSD level with physician’s age, gender, marital state, work settings, results of COVID-19 positive and had co-morbidities in physicians (p<0.05). The prevalence of mild PTSD was higher in the age group of 25-35 years (49.1%), in females (49.8%), unmarried (50.0%), work in private settings (51.5%), ever been COVID-19 positive (59.1%) and had co-morbidities (51.6%). This study reveals that about half the physicians are suffering from mild PTSD. A high encumbrance of COVID-19 related mental disorders and fear among frontline physicians’ entreaties to government and policymakers' prompt regard for taking appropriate preventive measures.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 52-58
Vitamin D Status in Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Bhowmic Rajib , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Bhuiyan Md Minhaj Uddin , Das UzzalKanti , Siddiki Md Shahriar , Naafi Shah Mubdi Un , Chowdhury Md Faizul Islam
Published: September 2023

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. It is estimated that about 25-50% of patients commonly encounter vitamin D deficiency in clinical practice. Recent studies show hypothyroid patients suffer from significantly low vitamin D level. As vitamin D and thyroid hormone act through steroid receptors, one can affect the other’s action. Considering the scientific evidence, the study was aimed to assess the vitamin D level among the subjects with hypothyroidism. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 70 subjects including 35 cases and 35 controls at the Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology in Dhaka Medical College Hospital in 6 months duration following approval of this protocol. Data were collected by face to face interview, using a structured questionnaire and case record review. Hospital records including laboratory reports were also reviewed.  Thirty-five cases and thirty-five control samples were screened for vitamin D levels. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Among the participants, 55 were female with a male-female ratio of 1: 3.67. The mean age was 44.6 ± 11.69 year. The highest number of patients were in between 41 to 55 year (41%). The majority of cases were from rural areas (67.0%). There was no significant differences in socio-demographic profiles between the cases and control groups (P >0.05). Hypovitaminosis D was found in 67% of cases. Among them 39.0% had mild insufficiency (20-29 ng/ml), 21.0% had moderate deficiency (10-19 ng/ml) and 7.0% had severe deficiency (< 10 ng/ml). The mean vitamin D level was 23.79 ± 8.1 ng/ml. Serum 25(OH)D level was markedly reduced in hypothyroid cases in comparison to the euthyroid control group [22.14 ± 8.02  and 26.22 ± 7.53 respectively ); P < 0.005]. Data showed hypothyroid patient is likely to develop Hypovitaminosis D 3.37 times higher compared to a euthyroid patient (OR=3.37; 95% CI:1.644-9.7440; P=0.02). Moreover, this lower level is not associated with the difference in age, sex and occupation (P< 0.005). Hypovitaminosis D is associated with hypothyroidism with no variation in respect to age, sex and occupation. The hypovitaminosis D is significantly associated with hypothyroi- dism in the study population.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 25-32
Serum D-dimer Level in Patients with Acute Leukemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Amit Mohammad Nafees Hussain , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Hossain Md Liakat , Hasan Md Rashedul , Ali Md Haidar , Talukder Kshitish Chandra , Ullah AZM Ahsan , Sultana Mst Siddika
Published: September 2023

D-dimer is a molecule, formed by the breakdown of excessive fibrin from the activation of coagulation system. Ample evidence suggests that increased activation of coagulation system in patients with acute leukemia (AL) leads to higher D-dimer levels. Considering shortage of evidence in our perspective, the study was designed to observe the D-dimer level in acute leukemia in different morphological types and phases among the patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and Department of Hematology in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, for a period of 6 months following approval of this protocol. Patients with New case (NC) of AL, at complete remission (CR) and in patient’s wither lapsed (R) AL were included in the study. Purposive sampling methods were followed for sample selection. Written informed consents were taken from the all study subjects and ethical issues were ensured. Data were collected by interview using a structured questionnaire. All study population were subjected to details history taking, physical examination and relevant investigations of D-dimer level. Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS version 20.0. Among 50 patients, 58% were males and 42% were females. Mean age was 34±5.6 SD years and the height number of patients (40%) belonged to age group 21-30 years. Three fourth of the patient (76%) had diagnosed as AML and rest of them 24% had ALL. The most common subtype of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia M3 (AML) was 47, 37% and most common subtype of ALL L2 was 50%. Most of the respondents were found as new case (80%) followed by in decreasing order complete remission case 14% and relapse case 6%. Overall, D-dimer level was 3.69 mg/dl (0.1mg/dl-40 mg/dl), and D-dimer level is slightly higher in AML group than ALL patient (4.26 vs 2.18mg/dl). Moreover, new cases have higher level of D-dimer (4.2 mg/dl) in comparison with complete remission (1.2 mg/dl) or relapse case (2.7 mg/dl). It was also found that APL patients has higher D-dimer level than other form of leukemia. D-dimer level in acute leukaemia patients 3.69 mg/dl. Higher value of AML was found in patients than ALL and increased D-dimer level is also evident in newer case particularly APL. D-dimer level rises in acute leukemia patients. However, further study is recommended with appropriate study design.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 8-17
Effects of Short Wave Diathermy Therapy in Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder (ACS)
Authors: Haque Asiful , Hoque Md Ahsanul , Sadeque A B M Zafar , Rahman Hasan Habibur , Ilias Mohammad , Hojaifa Musa Muhammad , Baral Aparajeya Bivab Bikash , Bhuiyan Mohammad Kamruzzaman
Published: September 2023

There are varieties of management option for Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder (ACS) also known as Periarthrosis and in general population commonly known as Frozen Shoulder. Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is one of the important therapeutic option for frozen sholder. The aim of the study is to determine effectiveness of SWD in order to improve the pain and range of motion in Adhesive Capsulitis. A total 56 subjects were selected for this non-randomized controlled trial in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chattogram Medical College Hospital with adhesive capsulitis in a period of 6 months. The subject were divided into two intervention groups; group-A with conventional treatment plan with SWD and group-B with conventional treatment only. Tool used for assessment were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure pain with Tenderness Grading (TG) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index Score (SPADI). The analysis was done to measure the difference of effectiveness of both interventions by independent t-test with SPSS-20. Among 56 patients regarding analysis of sex in both groups male and female were matched (p>0.05) and male - female ratio was 1.66: 1. Considering socioeconomic status, poor was 21.4%, middle class was 44.6% and rich was 33.9%. Among all patients 35.7% were housewives, 16.1% were service holder, farmers were 12.5%, businessmen were 16.2% and laborers were 3.6%. In total patients, 48.2% had right shoulder involvement, 50.0% had left side involvement and one patient had both sided disease. There were 92.7% patients who had localized pain and only 7.3% had radiation. Majority of the experienced pain in the evening was 56.4% and rest had pain at night  was 43.6%. About half of the patients in both groups had constant and intermittent type of pain 47.5% and 45.5% respectively other types were sharp and dull.  Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) whereas initial follow-up was non-significant in VAS analysis (p>0.05). Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) regarding change of tenderness  grading  in Group A, then Group B patients. Significant difference between Group A and Group B was found at week 2, week 4 and week 6 follow-up (p<0.05) regarding SPADI. When SWD is combined with conventional management of adhesive capsulitis it gives better reduction in pain and disability. Conventional treatment plan with SED is more effective in the management of pain and reduce disabilities in patients with ACS.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 1-7
Evaluation of Ophthalmoscopic Findings in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Akhter Md Tuhin , Chowdhury Md Fazlul Karim , Saha Tanmoy , Miah Md Shah Alam , Md Mahmudunnaby  , Shah Newaz Abdullah Al , Zaman Khandker Mahbub Uz , Islam Susmita , Linckon Md Khalequzzaman
Published: September 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global burden of disease. Long standing disease causes macrovascular and microvascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and it remains a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in the working-age population in both developing and developed world. Patients with diabetes often developed other ophthalmic complications, such as corneal abnormalities, glaucoma, iris neovascularization, cataracts, and maculopathy. The study was carried out to evaluate the ophthalmoscopic changes in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from September 2018 to March 2019. Patients with T2DM attended at the department of medicine within the mentioned period were enrolled after fulfilling the selection criteria. Patients with dense, lentalopacities and other media opacities which prevented posterior segment examination were excluded from the study. Sample was selected by purposive sampling method. Detail demographic data were collected from the patients and recorded in structured case report form. Clinical examination and relevant investigations were done meticulously. Then pupil was dilated and ophthalmoscopic examination was done. Among the 50 diabetic patient’s male was 54%, middle aged (49-60 years) was 54% and sedentary workers was 84.0% with a positive family history of DM was 56.0%. Most of the patients were known hypertensive (64.0%) at the time of enrolment and almost all (94.0%) were taking antihypertensive drug. Retinal photography was performed in all patients and retinopathy was detected in 29 (58%) patients. Fundoscopic findings revealed that cotton-wool spots detected in 32.0% patients, Flame-shaped hemorrhages was 16.0% patients; Arteriovenous nipping was is 18.0% patients and opticdisc swelling (Papilloedema) in 26.0% patients. In this study 21 (42%) patients had normal fundoscopic findings. Retinopathy was more common in smoker (70.0%). Uncontrolled and long-standing diabetes and high HbA1c was major risk factors for the development of retinopathy (P < 0.001). In conclusion, diabetic retinopathy is more common in male smoker with uncontrolled and long-standing diabetic patients. T2DM is a major cause of blindness as it affects microvasculature of retina.
Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 33-40
Obituary news September-2022
Authors: Cheif Editor in
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Med J. 2021 Sept; 51(1): 63
COVID-19 and Mental Health Consequences: The Way Forward
Authors: Giasuddin Noor Ahmed
Published: September 2023

On 31 December 2019, the WHO China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan City in Hubei Province of its territory. The Chinese authorities isolated a new type of coronavirus on 7 January 2020. The consequences of this viral infection were later termed as COVID-19 disease. Direct and indirect psychological and social effects can affect mental health now and in future. COVID-19 can infect brain and can affect brain function. During and after this pandemic, harmful behaviors like suicide and self-harm are likely to increase. SARS (2003) had 30% increase in suicide in those over 65 years. Half of the recovered patients remained anxious; 29% health care workers experienced emotional distress. When a person becomes infected with COVID-19 disease, s/he is also at higher risk for sleep problems owing to acute stress responses. Anxiety and depressive symptoms constitute common reactions for people with COVID-19 diagnosis, especially for those who may be hospitalized, due to concerns for one’s own health or the health of others, the need for physical isolation. Other concerns include the potential risk of death, concerns over the risk of infecting others, and concerns over leaving family members alone who may need care. Stress-related psychiatric conditions including mood and substance use disorders which are associated with suicidal behavior. COVID-19 survivors may also be at elevated suicide risk during and after the pandemic. The suicidal behaviors are likely to be present for a long time and peak later than the actual pandemic. Lifestyle during the pandemic is characterized by prolonged inactivity, increased eating and consequent obesity, alcohol and other substance abuse. All of these behavioral characteristics are included in maladaptive coping strategies.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):01-03
Nutritional Assessment Using Modified SGA Score and Its Correlation with Biochemical Profile Among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross Sectional Study at Multiple Hemodialysis Centers in Dhaka
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Syfur , Akhter Mahbuba , Ershad Sk Md , Sultana Tayeba , Sultana Tahera , Mondal Swapan Kumar
Published: September 2023

Patients on maintenance hemodialysis are vulnerable to multitude of health-related issues, malnutrition being one ofthem. It is a key predictive factor for morbidity and mortality among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Theprimary objective of the study was to assess the severity of malnutrition in patients undergoing maintenancehemodialysis, using modified subjective global assessment score and correlate it with biochemical parameters likeblood hemoglobin, serum creatinine, serum albumin, serum pre-albumin, serum triglyceride and serum totalcholesterol. Cross-sectional study from July 2016 to June 2017 was conducted at hemodialysis unit of SSMC & MH,BSMMU, BIRDEM hospital and NIKDU, Dhaka, among 80 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Adult patients overthe age of 18 years and on regular (>_2 sessions per week) hemodialysis for more than 3 months without any acuteinfection were enrolled. Nutritional status of the patients was evaluated using modified subjective global assessmentscore and compared with biochemical parameters for any correlation between them. Based on the modified SGAscores, of the 80 patients, 10% were well nourished and the rest were mildly malnourished, showing a high degree ofmalnutrition among respondents. There was strong positive correlation between modified subjective globalassessment score and age. Modified SGA score also showed statistically significant negative correlation with serumcreatinine, serum albumin and serum pre-albumin. Data obtained from this study confirm that modified subjectiveglobal assessment score can be used as a reliable index for identifying patients at risk for malnutrition and itcorrelates well with some of the biochemical profile.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):14-19
Risk Factors and Infection Patterns of Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome Attending a Tertiary Level Hospital: An Update
Authors: Hassan Md Kamrul , Pervez Abu Faisal Md , Syfullah Khalid Ahmed , Hossain Md Monir , Ahmed Gias Uddin , Hossain Mohammad Neamat , Biswas Rajib
Published: September 2023

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common childhood kidney diseases where defective immune systemincreases the chances of various infections. Forecasting the prognosis and proper planned management based on therecent data of risk factors and infection patterns can reduce the associated morbidities and mortalities. Weinvestigated the incidences of infection and associated risk factors among the hospitalized children to provide anupdated view of the current infection pattern of children with NS. This observational study was conducted at theDepartment of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2017 to June2020. A total of 167 children aged <_12 years admitted at BSMMCH during this period with NS were included in thisstudy. The hospital course and associated investigation reports of the study participants were analyzed. The incidenceof infection among the patients with NS was 21.56%. The mean age of the participants was 5.43 2.66 years, and73.01% of them were under immunosuppressive therapy. Ascites was a significant presentation among the infectiongroup. There were no significant differences in Hb%, serum albumin, serum cholesterol and 24h urinary protein levelbetween the two groups. Klebsiella and Escherichia coli were predominant isolates in the blood and urine culture,respectively. Serum albumin level <1.5 g/dL was associated with infection in risk analysis. Peritonitis, UTI andpneumonia were common infections and patients with associated infections had a significantly longer hospital stay (p= <0.001). Identifying the risk groups with ascites and low serum albumin levels and hospital-based predominantinfectious organism patterns can help develop planned management of patients with NS associated various infections.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):29-32
A Clinicopathological Study of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Rahman Md Shafiq Ur , Biswas Nripendra Nath , Alam Shabub , Roy Debabrata
Published: September 2023

Lymphadenopathy is a very common clinical manifestation of many diseases. It is a disease of the lymph nodes, inwhich they are abnormal in size or consistency. The study intends to find out systematically the various pathologicalconditions presenting with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, also the various nodes of clinical presentations andbehavior of these conditions. This study consisted of 200 consecutive cases and diagnosis was made on the basis ofclinical, fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological findings. Out of 200 cases in the study 30.0% werenon-specific lymphadenopathy, 47% were tuberculosis, 15% were secondary metastatic lymphadenopathy due toprimary malignant lesion in head-neck region, 5% were primary malignant lesion that is lymphoma (Hodgkins andnon-Hodgkins lymphoma), rest 3% were due to other lesions like Kikuchi's disease, histiocytosis. After swelling inthe neck, pain and fever were the most common presentations. Some patients presented with suppurativelymphadenopathy. In this study, fine needle aspiration cytology was found to be so reliable.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):29-32
Fixation of Tibial Shaft Fracture by Interlocking Nail without Proximal Screws
Authors: Mondal Anadi Ranjan , Uddin Md Maiyeen , Akhter Mohammad Shahin , Rahaman Md Masudur , Alam Syed Asif Ul , Karmakar Narayan Chandra
Published: September 2023

Tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone. In adults it takes 4 to 6 months to heal depending on the severity ofinjury and method of treatment. Rate of complications are also high. Locked intramedullary nailing is the preferredtreatment for tibial shaft fractures. When locked proximally and distally, removal of one set of screws, especially intransverse and short oblique fractures are required for dynamization before weight bearing. Fail to do this timely,many of these patients present with nonunion and implant failure. The purpose of the study was to enhance healing oftibial shaft fracture by early weight bearing, at the same time minimizing the complications and early return to work.Stable open type- I, II & closed tibial shaft fractures from the isthmus to 4 cm above the distal articular surface of thetibia were fixed by locking nail without proximal screws. This prospective study was done from June 2009 to July2014 on 410 patients treated at several hospitals of Faridpur city. All the operations were done in closed methodwithout any C-Arm monitoring. Patients were allowed to move with crutch and controlled partial weight bearingwithin two to four weeks of operation. All patients were followed up for five years. In most cases the nail wereremoved in one to two years. Early weight bearing causes compression and intermittent micro movements at thefracture site. The fractures heal as early as in eight to twelve weeks and no nonunion or implant failure wereencountered. Knee pain was complained by 41 patients (10%), disappeared after removal of the nail. Superficialinfection developed in 8 cases (1.95%), controlled in 2 to 3 weeks and deep infections were encountered in 8 cases(1.95%) with delaying union but eradicated spontaneously as the fracture healed. Deep infection occurs only in openfractures. Although five years period is not enough to comment about development of secondary osteoarthritis, weencountered no such cases till now. So, closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) of stable open type-I, II &closed tibial shaft fractures from the isthmus to 4 cm above the distal articular surface of the tibia by interlockingnailing with distal locking screws only, allows early controlled weight bearing, thereby early fracture healing and lesschance of implant failure.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):33-36
HIV Enteropathy in an Adolescent Bangladeshi Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Akter Hazera , Tasmeen Ruhina , Sarker Mst Naznin , Rukunuzzaman Md
Published: September 2023

We report a case of 14 years old girl who presented with intractable diarrhoea, low-grade irregular fever, multiplepainful oral ulcers, recurrent boils over different parts of the body for 1 year, and weight loss for 6 months. Previouslyshe was erroneously diagnosed as intestinal tuberculosis. The patient did not respond to antitubercular drugs. She alsogot prednisolone and mesalamine as the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Now she is diagnosed as a case ofAIDS-stage 3. We describe the case and discuss its clinical and biochemical findings with treatment.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):49-52
Awareness Regarding Crush Injury and Renal Complications
Authors: Hasan Mahmud Javed
Published: September 2023

Abstract not available

CBMJ 2023 July: Vol. 12 No. 02 P: 138-140