bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BESOURO: O PROCESSO HISTÓRICO DE LUTA POR AFIRMAÇÃO CULTURAL DOS CAPOEIRAS DESDE O CÓDIGO PENAL DE 1890
Authors: Jesus Filipe Santana Pitanga de
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo aborda, de maneira interdisciplinar, a discussão sobre a luta dos capoeiristas por afirmação no Brasil e tem por escopo: estabelecer um contraponto entre a capoeira (essa arte/luta) nos tempos pretéritos, desde o seu surgimento no Brasil e sua proibição através dos Sistemas Penais, até a atualidade, onde é reconhecida como Patrimônio Histórico Cultural da Humanidade, a partir da análise do filme “Besouro” (2009) de Marco Carvalho. E, para tal discussão, a construção metodológica do ensaio é pautada em um viés descritivo explicativo, de caráter qualitativo, responsável por propor interações entre a História, a Sociologia e o Direito.
MY SISTER´S KEEPER: autonomia da vontade de crianças e adolescentes sobre a vida e o corpo e os limites da autoridade parental
Authors: Cedraz Suzana Oliveira , Salgado Victória Grabriela Brito , Lopes Liliane Nunes Mendes
Published: September 2022

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo, a partir de uma correlação entre o Direito e o Cinema, desenvolver uma discussão de extrema relevância e atualidade sobre os limites da autoridade parental, atrelada a autonomia da criança e do adolescente para decisões que envolvam sua vida e integridade física. Para concretizar tal objetivo, analisou-se o conteúdo da obra cinematográfica "Uma prova de amor" (My Sister's Keeper, 2009), que narra o percurso de duas irmãs que não desejam passar por procedimentos médicos impostos pelos pais. A partir da análise do filme correlacionada à realidade jurídica brasileira, percebe-se que o vivenciado pelas irmãs na obra cinematográfica extrapola oslimites e objetivos da autoridade parental, pois, este poder/dever tem por principal intuito buscar atender aos princípios da dignidade humana, do melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente e da igualdade entre os filhos, levando, sempre que possível, suas vontades em consideração.
Biomedical Applications of Free Electron Laser in the Ultraviolet
Authors: Straight R.C.
Published: September 2022

Free electron lasers (FED are high-power, pulse periodic lasers with wide range wavelength tunability that have important and unique potential applications in photobiology and medicine. The FEL technology most appropriate for biomedical studies/applications in the IR-VIS range is the technology based on the radio frequency (RF)-linear accelerator (LINAC)-hybrid magnetic undulator (wiggler) or RF-LINAC-wiggler technology and optical cavity (1,2). Storage rings (3) and LINACs with photocathode injectors are promising technology for obtaining UV-FEL radiation. Initial studies are in progress using the IR technology: (a) to develop optical systems and fibers for biological studies in the mid-IR (2-5 μm) range; (b) to obtain visible and ultraviolet (uv) wavelengths using FEL harmonics and non-linear crystals; and (c) to study photobiodisruptive processes, determine light-tissue interaction thresholds, tissue damage zones, and photobiochemical processes for clinically relevant biological applications. The MARK III (Stanford Photon Research Laboratory) FEL operating as a tunable laser in the wavelength range 2.0 μm -5.0 μm at 0.1 mJ to 60 mJ per macropulse (tMP - 1.5 μs) and 15 Hz is being used for the initial IR-VIS studies. This paper considers the potential diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical applications of UV-FEL radiation (190 nm - 390 nm) in biomedicine.
Scattering of Light by Light Within Experimental Reach?
Authors: Becker W. , McIver J. K. , Schlicher R. R.
Published: September 2022

Moderately upscaled versions of existing free-electron lasers would provide optimal conditions for the detection of scattering of light by light.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as a Probe to the Electronic Structure and the Dynamics of Clusters
Authors: Zimmerer Georg
Published: September 2022

The remarkable progress in the area of supersonic beam techniques1 provides the basis for the exciting field of the physics of clusters which bridge the gap between molecules and condensed matter. For many years, the characterization of cluster beams (size distribution as a function of the relevant expansion parameters etc.), the geometrical structure and the stability of clusters were investigated. Among others, "magic numbers" in clusters size distributions were found2 as well as structural units which are not compatible with translational symmetry of a solid3. More recently, the photoionization of clusters4 including photoion-photoelectron coincidence experiments5 was successfully attacked.
VUV FEL Applications in the Analysis of Laser-Surface Vaporization Dynamics and Chemisttry
Authors: O'Keefe Anthony
Published: September 2022

The extension of free electron laser (FEL) output to vacuum UV wavelengths will make possible a range of new studies which would be impractical to attempt using existing light sources. Many of these will be based upon photoionization of gasous atoms and molecules since the VUV wavelength may be easily tuned to match autoionization resonances and will greatly enhance the selective ionization of a particular species. In addition to the evident advantages offered by this capability, the temporal characteristics of the laser offer great potential in the analysis of process dynamics.
The Vacuum Ultraviolet FEL for Laser Cooling of H Atoms
Authors: Sander Robert K.
Published: September 2022

The vacuum-ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV FEL) promises to provide a quantum jump in vacuum-ultraviolet light intensity and spectral brightness. The ideas suggested by the values of these parameters are more akin to the laser experiments of the visible region than traditional VUV photophysics and photochemistry. Clearly, VUV nonlinear optical experiments will become possible.
Micromachined Free-Space Integrated Optics for Computing Applications
Authors: Wu Ming C. , Fan Li
Published: September 2022

Free-space optical interconnects have been shown to be very promising for providing input/output capacity in excess of a terabit per second for next generation VLSI chips [1] and 3D chip stacks [2]. In the past few years, significantly progress has been made in ultra-low threshold vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays [3], which makes it feasible to integrate large, dense 2D arrays of VCSELs for free-space optical interconnects. However, packaging of such free-space optical systems remains a formidable task. Bulk optical elements often limit the sizes of such systems. Assembly and alignment of the optical systems are tedious and expensive. Furthermore, such free-space optical systems are often constructed on optical benches in laboratories, and might not be rugged enough for typical environment for computing systems.
Side-coupling Polymer Fiber Optics for Optical Interconnects
Authors: Li Yao , Wang Ting
Published: September 2022

Polymer optical fibers (POF's) have recently drawn increasing attention in optical data communication community. The use of POF's allows low cost large bandwidth optical communications for distances shorter than 100 meters. A simple reason behind the low cost is that a large fiber diameter (0.75-1.0 mm) permits the use of plastic injection-molded connectors which are much cheaper than conventional multi-element metal connectors for glass optical fibers (GOF's). In this paper, we further explore the applications of POF's to short distance optical interconnections. The focus here is on how to provide inexpensive couplings for POF interconnected data links.
Constructing a Free Space Optical Backplane: Challenges and Choices
Authors: Plant David V.
Published: September 2022

Current high performance switching and computing systems rely on an electrical interconnection network to transport information throughout the system for chip-to-chip and board-to-board communications [1]. This network however is limited relative to the bandwidth, connectivity, power consumption, and latency it offers. Because the aggregate bandwidth of the integrated circuits inside these systems continues to increase, so must the system's interconnection capabilities [2], The intrinsic limitations of current and projected electrical interconnection networks has lead system designers to consider optical interconnects deployed "inside the box" as a way of increasing system performance [3]. An optical backplanes is an example of such a system. The identification of critical issues in free-space optical backplanes is being pursued in the form of system demonstrator experiments [4-10]. Through the construction of several system demonstrators an iterative design, analysis, and implementation procedure has been used to address the critical issues associated with deploying optical interconnections at the board-to-board level. This talk will highlight the challenges and choices associated with the demonstrators.
Smart-Pixel Implementation of Network Router Deadlock Handling Mechanisms
Authors: Pinkston Timothy Mark , Raksapatcharawong Mongkol , Choi Yungho
Published: September 2022

We present WARRP: the core deadlock handling circuitry for a fully adaptive, deadlock recovery-based multiprocessor network router. This chip primarily demonstrates the integration of complex deadlock recovery circuitry and free-space optical channels on a monolithic GaAs-based chip. We report the design and implementation of the first generation, bit-serial, torus-connected chip employing 1400 transistors and 6 LED/photodetector pairs.
Smart Pixel Array Network Interface (SAPIENT) for 2D Parallel Data Packet Networks
Authors: Chen C.-H. , Hoanca B. , Kuznia C.B. , Wu J.-M. , Sawchuk A.A.
Published: September 2022

We describe a SmArt PIxEl for NeTwork Interface (SAPIENT) chip that performs interfacing of processors to 2-D parallel optical free space networks. This network transfers 2-D parallel data packets between processors on digital optical channels. We assume these parallel data packets contain address information for the destination processor, similar to the format of an ATM packet network, except the packets are passed between processors in a parallel format, in a single clock cycle. Each SAPIENT chip is capable of checking the address bits of an incoming parallel data packet, re-transmitting (or downloading) the packet, and loading electronic data onto the optical network from its host processor. Each data packet arrives as a 2D page-wide (9 bits) packet of network data and can be easily scaled up to larger N × N packets. The SAPIENT demonstration chip contains a 3 × 3 array of smart pixels that provide optical detection and transmission. The SAPIENT also contains address detection and contention avoidance circuitry. In this paper, we describe the optoelectronic technology involved and the circuit function of the SAPIENT chip. We describe a SAPIENT chip in a multiple processor network and present simulation of the SAPIENT interface.
Compact correlator based on a holographic memory: limitations due to current LCTV technology
Authors: Duelli M. , Pourzand A. R. , Collings N. , Dändliker R.
Published: September 2022

A hybrid digital/optical correlator system has been built that performs pure phase correlation[1]. The pure phase correlation[2] uses only the phase information of the object and template, i.e. it takes the phase distribution of the Fourier transform of the object to be recognised and it correlates it with the phase-only filter (POF) defined by Homer[3]. This type of correlator shows sharp correlation peaks, a high light efficiency, and a high discrimination capability.
Evaluation of Array Codes for Page-Oriented Optical Memories
Authors: Betzos George A. , Hutton John F. , Porter Michael , Mitkas Pericles A.
Published: September 2022

Page-oriented optical memories (POMs) have the potential to become very high capacity and throughput data storage devices. During readout, data stored in a POM system implemented, e.g. as a volume holographic memory [1,2], may be distorted by a combination of noise sources present in the system, such as the gaussian profile of the beam, misalignment of the various optical components, blurring due to low pass filtering, scattering, and others. Such effects may substantially degrade the quality of the retrieved data and cause a number of bits to be incorrectly identified as 0 or 1 (assuming binary data). Thus, an error correcting scheme is needed to improve the reliability of the system.
Free-space Separable Optical Crossbar Interconnection Network System
Authors: Cao Mingcui , Luo Fengguang , Bin Rao , Yuan Li , Wan Anjun , Jun Xu
Published: September 2022

Free-space optical crossbar interconnection network is a complete nonblock interconnection network. A novel free-space separable optical crossbar interconnection network system is proposed, in which one, two, or four pieces of the monolithic integration of MQW optical detector with GaAs field-effect transistor (FET- SEED) would be flexibly used as node switching device. The rate of interconnection network system could be operated beyond 155 Mb/s.
Modular Opto-Mechanical Design of Free-Space Optical Interconnect System for Massively Parallel Processing
Authors: Fasanella Kenneth , Kim Tae Jin , Neilson David T. , Schenfeld Eugen
Published: September 2022

Free-space optical interconnections can provide parallel access for many communication patterns with a large bandwidth[1, 2]. The challenge in the realization of such systems relies in finding good solution for the alignment and packaging of the electro-optical components. We present a new modular building block that will address these challenges in a free-space optical network for massively parallel processing (MPP). Our component and system ideas offer a simple method to fabricate and build the optical network assuring reliable and convenient alignment and packaging. We use micro-lens arrays which are pre-aligned and packaged as modular building blocks to relay optical beams from one module to the next. We can apply our modular building block ideas to our previous system of a 64-channel free-space optical interconnection[1] and its wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) extensions[3] to realize a more reliable and easier to build system. In the current network architecture, as well as in the previous ones, we use a nonblocking and reconfigurable interconnection cached network (ICN)[4].
Planar optical 3-D multistage interconnection networks
Authors: Song Seok Ho , Lee El-Hang
Published: September 2022

We have been developed the planar optical approach[1-3] in order to
implement multistage interconnection networks (MIN) on a single glass
block. Planar integrated optics composed of free-space optical
components integrated on a glass block makes signal connections
between 2-dimensional (2-D) arrays of input and output optoelectronic
devices via 3-D glass space. Cascading operation in the optical
multistage interconnections is based on the combination of signal beam
array and clock beam array at the node stages[4], however, it has
remained as one of the challenges to be solved to the planar
integrated optics.
Medical and Synthetic Aperture Microscope Image Reconstruction using Opto-Electronic Processing
Authors: Turpin Terry M.
Published: September 2022

ImSyn™(1,2) is a commercial opto-electronic processing system that is currently in production. It is a Fourier transform processor designed for applications where the FFT algorithm is difficult to use. These applications involve transforming data on non-rectangular grids. Many real sensor systems produce such data. Examples include: magnetic resonance imaging, computer tomography, ultrasound, radio astronomy, synthetic aperture radar3 and a new modality, the synthetic aperture microscope. ImSyn takes a list of x-frequency, y-frequency and complex valued amplitude and produces a fully complex Fourier transform. ImSyn can accept complex valued data either in amplitude and phase mode or as in-phase and quadrature.
Optical Fringe Computation for Real Time Holographic Displays
Authors: DiMasi Joseph A. , Wagner Kelvin H.
Published: September 2022

Real-time holovideo machines consist of three primary components: 3-D data generation (or sensing) of the data to be viewed, the processing to reconstruct the appropriate holographic wavefront, and the holographic display device itself. Numerous technologies for 3-D sensors have fully matured (stereo, active ranging, etc) as have constructive solid geometry modeling techniques for synthetic 3-D scene generation. Advances in high-resolution holographic display devices utilizing acousto optic devices1 or liquid crystal on silicon SLMs2 have proven challenging but feasible. In this paper we discuss the final remaining bottleneck facing holovideo displays due to the nearly intractable computational burden required to generate the holographic fringe pattern in real time. Several novel optical processing architectures for fringe computation and initial experimental results are presented.
Optical Learning Neural Network using PROM
Authors: Mori Masahiko , Watanabe Masanobu , Yagai Yutaka , Yatagai Toyohiko
Published: September 2022

The basic functions of neural network models are vector-matrix multiplication and nonlinear function. In recent years, many kind of systems to achieve these functions by optical parallel technique have been proposed. In most of these systems, however, the learning processes have not been done by optical systems. A rudimentary system to achieve learning with optical outer-product technique was presented in Ref.1. But the device to memorize and display weight matrices in the system had poor characteristics and the system did not show enough performances. In this paper we present the system that performs learning process by optical parallel calculations using a Pockels readout optical modulator (PROM) as a key device.
2D Coding and Signal Processing for Volume Memory Interfaces
Authors: Neifeld Mark A.
Published: September 2022

Volume optical memory represents a unique type of storage channel. It can be characterized as a 2D parallel, space-variant system with potentially time-varying characteristics. Like any other storage channel however, imperfections and noise degrade the SNR of retrieved data and this degradation may result in data errors. As with traditional memory and communications systems, detection and error handling techniques can be used to recover lost SNR and correct data errors.[1,2] The success of detection theoretic techniques is based on the use of prior knowledge concerning channel characteristics and noise correlations, while error correction techniques are based on the addition of structured redundancy to the stored data. The 2D nature of the volume optical storage channel requires that detection and error correction techniques utilize prior knowledge of the 2D noise and error correlations to produce efficient solutions, thus 2D techniques for detection and error correction are required. In addition, such 2D parallel algorithms will admit 2D parallel implementations which serve to avoid critical data bottlenecks that can arise upon serialization. In this paper we will describe the use of a parallel 2D detection algorithm and a 2D interleaving technique that can improve data fidelity and increase memory capacity in the case of page access volume memory.
Monolithically grown optically addressed multiple quantum well spatial light modulator with modulation gain
Authors: Tayebati Parviz , Canoglu Ergun , Hantzis Christos , Sacks Robert
Published: September 2022

We report an optically addressed spatial light modulator based on low-temperature-grown quantum wells, which can provide a modulation gain of 20 with 60% modulation depth
Pre-illumination to Control The Active Trap Density in a Semi-Insulating MQW Device
Authors: Canoglu Ergun , Garmire Elsa , Lahiri I. , Nolte D.D. , Melloch M. R.
Published: September 2022

Semiconductor photorefractive quantum well devices are prime candidates for high speed real-time image processing applications because of their high speed, small thickness and large electro-optic nonlinearities1,2,3. When used in the Stark geometry, where a field is applied perpendicular to MQW layers, the optical nonlinearity arises from longitudinal field screening in the illuminated areas. Lateral spatial modulation of the field screening is translated to lateral spatial modulation of refractive index and absorption by the quantum confined Stark effect. Device performance is characterized by spatial resolution and sensitivity, both of which strongly depend on carrier transport. The spatial resolution decreases with increased lateral carrier transport4,5, while the sensitivity increases with increased longitudinal transport. Highly trapping materials have been successfully used to increase the device resolution down to 5-7 μm6,7.
Novel Static RAM Pixel Circuits for Liquid Crystal over Silicon Spatial Light Modulators
Authors: Breslin John A. , Underwood Ian
Published: September 2022

Liquid Crystal (LC) Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) consist of an array of pixels manufactured on a Silicon backplane. Each pixel can, in binary devices, be on or off and thus stores a logic ‘1’ or ‘O’. This storage can be implemented using SRAM or DRAM cells.
Fast response PROM using GaAs single crystal
Authors: BITOU Youichi , MINENOTO Takumi
Published: September 2022

One of the major advantages of all-optical processing is in a high degree of parallelism. We need a spatial light modulator (SLM) with a large number of pixels, access time as short as possible and large dynamic range to be given the advantage. Today we can use two kinds of SLM, liquid crystal light valves (LCLV) and PROM devices using Bi12SiO20Single crystal(BSO-PROM).1) However these SLMs with a large dynamic range have relatively long access time because the sensitivities of materials used as photosensors in the devices are low. Photosensitivity of electro-optical crystal is one of the important factors for high speed operations in PROM devices, because low sensitive devices need light sources with a large power.
Field-Dependent Birefringence of an Electroclinic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Lindle J. R. , Bartoli F. J. , Flom S. R. , Ratna B. R. , Shashidhar R.
Published: September 2022

The growing need for spatial light modulators with grey-scale capability and a fast response has stimulated interest in the development of new electroclinic liquid crystals with large tilt angles. The achievable contrast ratio in these devices is limited by the magnitude of the tilt angle as well as by a field-induced deformation of the smectic layers which degrades the extinction. Recently, it was shown that field-induced changes in the birefringence can also contribute significantly to the electrooptic response.1 In this paper, optical phase retardation measurements are performed to investigate the field dependence of the birefringence and the contrast ratio for a new electroclinic liquid crystal, designated a DSiKN65, which has recently been synthesized and which exhibits both a large electroclinic tilt angle (>22.5°) and a fast response (<100μs).1 The first observation of a large field-dependent optical biaxiality in this material is reported. The implications on these results on device performance will be discussed.
High Speed Spatial Light Modulators with Polymeric Thin Film Fabry-Perot Etalons
Authors: Harada Kenji , Munakata Katsuhiro , Itoh Masahide , Yoshikawa Senichi , Yatagai Toyohiko , Yonezu Hiroo
Published: September 2022

Spatial light modulators (SLMs) play very important roles for optical computing, including optical neural network and optical image processing. Liquid crystal SLMs generally used in optical computing have a very slow modulation speed and a low contrast ratio. Development of sophisticated SLMs with very fast modulation speed and a high contrast ratio is essential.
Effects of intravesical BCG maintenance therapy duration on recurrence rate in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC): Systematic review and network meta-analysis according to EAU COVID-19 recommendations
Authors: Moon Young Joon , Cho Kang Su , Jeong Jae Yong , Chung Doo Yong , Kang Dong Hyuk , Jung Hae Do , Lee Joo Yong
Published: September 2022

Purpose

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommended that courses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy lasting more than 1 year could be safely terminated for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Thus, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis according to EAU’s COVID-19 recommendations.

Materials and methods

A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We conducted a network meta-analysis of recurrence rate in patients with NMIBC receiving induction therapy (M0) and those receiving maintenance therapy lasting 1 year (M1) and more than 1 year (M2).

Results

Nineteen studies of 3,957 patients were included for the network meta-analysis. In a node-split forest plot using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) modeling, there were no differences between the M1 and M2 groups in recurrence rate [odds ratio (OR) 0.95 (0.73–1.2)]. However, recurrence rate in the M0 group was higher than that in the M1 [OR 1.9 (1.5–2.5)] and M2 [OR 2.0 (1.7–2.4)] groups. P-score tests using frequentist inference to rank the treatments in the network demonstrated that the therapy used in the M2 group (P-score 0.8701) was superior to that used in the M1 (P-score 0.6299) and M0 groups (P-score 0). In rank-probability tests using MCMC modeling, the M2 group showed the highest rank, followed by the M1 and M0 groups.

Conclusion

In the network meta-analysis, there were no differences between those receiving BCG maintenance therapies in terms of recurrence rate. In the rank tests, therapy lasting more than 1-year appears to be most effective. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 1-year maintenance therapy can be used, but after the COVID-19 pandemic, therapy lasting more than 1-year could be beneficial.
Effects of negative air ions (NAIs) on Leishmania major: A novel tool for treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL)
Authors: Badirzadeh Alireza , Najm Mehdi , Hemphill Andrew , Alipour Maryam , Hasanpour Hamid , Masoori Leila , Karimi Poorya
Published: September 2022

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) that causes high morbidity in the tropics and sub-tropics. Despite the remarkable advancements in the treatment of CL, the available therapeutics are far from ideal and also cause serious adverse side effects. Negative air ions (NAIs) generators are widely available for domestic and industrial uses. Several studies have reported on positive effects of NAIs therapy on human health as a non-pharmaceutical treatment for respiratory disease, allergy, or stress-related health conditions, including infectious diseases. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the effectiveness of the NAIs therapy against Leishmania parasites. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of NAIs therapy on Leishmania major (L. major) the causative agent of CL in in vitro and in a murine model.

Methodology/Principal findings

In vitro anti-leishmanial effects of NAIs therapy were measured by parasitological methods. NAIs therapy was assessed in vivo in L. major infected BALB/c mice by measuring the footpad (FP) lesion size and parasite load using metric caliper tool and qPCR, respectively. Immune responses in treated and non-treated mice were assessed by measuring the levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, NO and arginase activity. In vitro NAIs therapy significantly decreased the viability of Leishmania promastigotes and of amastigotes cultured in macrophages, but did not affect the host cells. NAIs therapy of L. major infected BALB/c mice resulted in reduced FP lesion size, diminished parasite burden, and importantly decreased induction of IL-4 and arginase activity in the presence of NAIs. In contrast IFN-γ and NO levels were significantly enhanced. NAIs therapy significantly diminished the progression of disease compared to the control group, but was less effective than amphotericin B treatment.

Conclusions

Our study shows that NAIs treatment was effective in vitro and in Leishmania-infected mice, elicited a T-helper 1 (Th1) response and increased efficient cellular immunity, resulting in a diminished parasite load. Therefore, NAIs therapy can be considered as a useful and safe tool that can contribute to clearing L. major infections without inducing toxicity in host cells. The applications and mechanisms of NAIs therapy warrant further investigation especially in humans suffering from CL.
Business models of energy cooperatives active in the PV sector—A statistical analysis for Germany
Authors: Wierling August , Zeiss Jan Pedro , von Beck Constantin , Schwanitz Valeria Jana
Published: September 2022

Energy markets have opened up to new actors and business models. We perform an empirical investigation of energy cooperatives (EC) investing in the photo-voltaic (PV) market. Deploying a unique database for Germany with 584 EC covering two decades of activities, we provide statistical evidence on their businesses, members and customer segments, production units, and financial status. The analysis yields that German EC active in the PV sector have invested about one billion EUR, managing more than 4400 PV installations with an aggregate capacity of roughly 700 MWp. Nine different business models currently prevail. The latest developments show that EC are adapting to changing market conditions, expanding their activities, and searching for new investment and business opportunities.
Dynamics of pelagic mucilage produced by the invasive, cyclotelloid diatom, Lindavia intermedia, in oligotrophic lakes of New Zealand
Authors: Schallenberg Marc , Borges Hugo , Bell Tracey J. , Hinkley Simon F. R. , Novis Phil M.
Published: September 2022

Marine pelagic mucilages (e.g., marine snow) have been reported to a greater extent than their lacustrine counterparts. A pelagic mucilage primarily comprised of chitin secretions from the invasive centric diatom, Lindavia intermedia, has been reported since the early 2000s, primarily from large, oligotrophic pre-alpine lakes of the South Island of New Zealand. To better understand the factors related to mucilage abundance, we monitored its abundance as well as factors potentially related to mucilage production over time in four mucilage-afflicted lakes. Temporal mucilage dynamics were episodic, with peaks in abundance occurring during any season, but most often during summer and autumn. Chitin was confirmed to be an important component of the mucilage, but the chitin content varied between 1 and 12% of the mucilage dry mass in the lakes. An RT-qPCR assay for chitin synthase gene overexpression in L. intermedia showed that overexpression occurred in summer and autumn, often when peaks in mucilage abundance also occurred. A correlation between mucilage and phytoplankton abundance was only observed in one of the lakes. Both dissolved reactive and total phosphorus concentrations were often below analytical detection limits in these lakes. Nitrate concentrations were also low and showed negative correlations with mucilage abundance. This suggests either that the secrection of chitinous mucilage by L. intermedia significantly depleted the available N in the water column or that mucilage facilitated N uptake by L. intermedia and/or other microorganisms associated with the mucilage. Pelagic mucilage in New Zealand lakes shares many characteristics of other conspicuous mucilage phenomena, including lake snow and marine snow. While our correlational analyses revealed some relationships and associations with mucilage abundance, the strengths of these were quite variable, indicating that as yet unstudied mucilage loss processes in these lakes (e.g., sedimentation, disintegration, decomposition, assimilation) likely also play important roles in regulating mucilage abundance.
Jambolão extract and potassium sorbate as antimicrobial components in active packaging
Authors: Dias Ana Clara Costa , Alves Juliana Josh Silva , Dos Santos Izabela Silva , Da Cunha Luciana Rodrigues , Pereira Patrícia Aparecida Pimenta
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to use the raw extract of jambolão (Syzygium cumini L.) and potassium sorbate as antimicrobial components in cellulose acetate films and evaluate their potential for application as active packaging forsugar-free banana preserve. The films  were prepared using the casting method and evaluated for thickness and inhibition potential. The efficiency of the films as active packaging, in situ, was evaluated through the enumeration of aerobic mesophiles and mold and yeast over 36 days of storage of banana preserves.
Eucalyptus shading and allelopathy in the germination and development of pitaya (Hylocereusundatus)
Authors: Pereira Ramos Martha Cristina , Ferreira de Oliveira Celismar , Rangel Junior Ivan Marcos , Aparecida Rodrigues Mariane , Salles Pio Leila Aparecida , Sales Guimarães Paulo Henrique
Published: September 2022

Eucalyptus spp. it is known to be part of most forests planted for commercial use in Brazil, however when intercropped with Pitaia (Hylocereus undatus), few studies report this interaction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of shading and the existence of allelopathic interaction between Eucalyptus spp and pitaia (H. undatus) in the field, as well as the action of eucalyptus leaf extract in the germination of pitaia seeds in laboratory conditions. In the field experiment, the statistical model of randomized block design (DBC) was used, with the use of adult plants of pitaia and eucalyptus, evaluating the following variables: number of shoots in the aerial part; number of flowers; crown diameter; circumference of the cladode; number of fruits and the variation in the amount of light reaching the plants. It was observed that the plants that were outside the eucalyptus forest showed better results. In the second experiment, the allelopathic action of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of eucalyptus leaves on the germination of pitaia seeds was evaluated. This experiment was carried out in DIC with four repetitions of 60 pitaia seeds. These seeds were then subjected to treatments with different dilutions, varying from 0% (control), 12.5%, 25% and 50% of the stock solution. It was observed that as the leaf extract concentrations increased, germination decreased. The concentrations of 0% (control) and 12.5% ​​showed better results. In conclusion, in fact, eucalyptus exerted an allelopathic action on pitaia plants.
Characterization of organic composts produced by family farming for lettuce cultivation
Authors: Bertani Rosemary Marques de Almeida , Cecília de Arruda Maria , Cristina Fernandes Deus Angélica , Herman Fischer Ivan , Rossi Renan , Augusto Maganhã Carlos
Published: September 2022

O uso do composto orgânico no cultivo da alface pela agricultura familiar pode ser realizado de maneira sustentável com aproveitamento de resíduos da propriedade, por meio da compostagem. Para uso eficiente e seguro desses resíduos é necessário o monitoramento do processo de compostagem e adoção de boas práticas agrícolas para produção de alimentos seguros.  Diante disso, objetivou-se identificar e quantificar microrganismos patogênicos e avaliar as características químicas dos compostos orgânicos e seus efeitos no cultivo da alface produzida em sistema orgânico. Foram estudados seis ciclos de cultivo de alface utilizando na adubação de plantio e cobertura composto orgânico produzido na propriedade. Os resultados obtidos para a massa fresca e as análises químicas do composto, do solo e da planta foram comparados de maneira qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos das análises microbiológicas foram comparados à legislação vigente. A composição do material utilizado e o manejo do processo de compostagem influenciaram as características químicas dos compostos orgânicos aplicados ao solo. Os compostos orgânicos foram eficientes para a nutrição das plantas, exceto para o fornecimento de boro. A presença de coliformes termotolerantes esteve acima do limite máximo aceitável, indicando contaminação do composto. O composto orgânico não foi adequadamente compostado na maioria dos ciclos. O uso dos compostos orgânicos mostrou-se uma alternativa sustentável na produção de alface orgânica em propriedade com agricultura familiar, mas o estudo indicou a necessidade de capacitação técnica.
Nutrient omission on growth and leaf contents of blackberry
Authors: Farias Barreto Caroline , Navroski Renan , Benati Jorge Atilio , Irribarem Costa Savana , Nava Gilberto , Correa Antunes Luis Eduardo
Published: September 2022

Cultivation of blackberry has gradually expanded in Brazil, due to their rusticity and low production cost; thus, it stands out as an excellent option for product diversification. There is a need to improve technical information on the management of this crop, especially mineral nutrition. Knowledge of the visual symptoms of nutritional deficiency and foliar contents of the nutrients allows helps farmers to choose the most adequate fertilization for plants. This study aimed at evaluating nutritional aspects and effects of nutrient omission on the growth of BRS Xingu blackberry. Treatments consisted of complete solutions and individual omission of the following nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (C), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). The following variables were evaluated: leaf dry matter, root dry matter, total dry mass, macro- and micronutrients contents in leaves and visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency. Macronutrient and B deficiencies limit growth of blackberry. B omission led to the highest decrease in plant growth, besides leaf wrinkling, a fact that shows that BRS Xingu is susceptible to its deficiency. Correlation was found between N and Ca, N and P and B and Ca leaf contents. Low leaf contents of N, K, Ca and B were observed when these nutrients were omitted from the solution.
Genetic control of plant size-related traits and fruit in ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Rêgo Elizanilda Ramalho do , Fortunato Flávia Laís Gomes , Carvalho Michelle Gonçalves de , Santos Cristine Agrine Pereira dos , Lima José Ayron Moraes de , Rêgo Mailson Monteiro do
Published: September 2022

Peppers present a very diversified market and have a high economic and nutritional value. The study of genetic control of quantitative traits helps to conduct an efficient breeding program. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters and gene effects involved in the inheritance of morpho-agronomic traits in ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, at the Federal University of Paraíba. Two accessions of ornamental pepper (C. annuum L.) belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Paraíba were used as parents: UFPB 347 and UFPB 356. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five plants of each parent being evaluated, 20 plants of generation F1, 90 plants of generation F2 and 40 plants of RC1 and RC2. Foram avaliados 19 caracteres quantitativos referentes à planta, flor e fruto. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de geração, e os efeitos dos modelos foram submetidos ao teste t no nível de 5% e 1% de significância. Alta herdabilidade em sentido amplo foi encontrada para comprimento da corola, diâmetro das pétalas, peso do fruto, comprimento do fruto e espessura do pericarpo. Para herdabilidade restrita, apenas o comprimento da corola apresentou herdabilidade alta. O modelo aditivo-dominante (m, a, d) foi adequado para explicar os parâmetros genéticos da maioria das características avaliadas, com exceção do comprimento da antera e do teor de matéria seca, para os quais o modelo completo foi interpretado.
 
Palavras-chave: análise de geração, Capsicum annuum, aumento.
Growth and mineral nutrition of banana seedlings cv. Grand Naine inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Fernando da Rui Ricardo , Antonio Schiavo Jolimar , Correa Santos Silvia , Reis Pinheiro Lourente Elaine , Makoto Kusano Daniel , Rezende Ferreira Kleiton
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to verify the influence of FMAs on the levels of macro and micronutrients, and growth of micropropagated banana seedlings submitted to doses of P. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with factors inoculation with AMFs (G. clarum, G. margarita, G. albida and C. etunicatum and the control without AMF) and P doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1). The association of different species of FMAs can favor the growth of banana seedlings, with greater nutrition. The application of P doses provided greater growth of the micropropagated banana seedlings, regardless of inoculation with AMF. Seedling production associated with G. margarita can favor the growth of plants submitted to low doses of P applied to the soil. The interaction of G. clarum with Musa spp. seedling production does not seem to favor plant growth. Mycorrhizal colonization together with phosphate fertilization contributed to the quality of banana seedlings. The inoculation with C. etunicatum favored the increase of K contents in the aerial part of the plants. The increase in P doses decreased the levels of N and S in all treatments. It caused a reduction in the leaf contents of Mn, B and Fe. The doses of P did not interfere in the leaf contents of Cu and Zn. The FMAs favored the levels of Cu, Zn, Mn and B in banana leaves; favored the increments of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents in banana seedlings, varying with the doses of P.
Chemical thinning of peach trees
Authors: De Mello Farias Roseli , Farias Barreto Caroline , Martins Carlos Roberto , Zandoná Renan Ricardo , Vighi Schiavon Andressa , De Mello Farias Paulo Celso
Published: September 2022

Peach tree thinning is essential to harvest quality fruits and to keep balanced production for several years. Manual thinning of peach trees demands much work force and increases production costs. Chemical thinning may be an alternative solution, but efficiency depends on doses and species. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of metamitron – applied at different concentrations – on chemical thinning of peach trees in the south of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a commercial peach tree orchard where ‘Sensação’ cultivars, in Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil. The following metamitron concentrations were applied at concentrations of 100 mg L-1, 200 mg L-1, 300 mg L-1, 400 mg L-1, manual thinning was carried out 40 days after full bloom (DAFB) and to the treatment where the plants have no thinning. Fruit abscission, effective fructification, total number of plants per plant, production per plant, mean mass and fruit diameter were evaluated. Concentrations of 300 and 400 mg L-1 metamitron 40 DAFB provides promoted high fruit abscission, besides decreasing the number of fruits and production. Therefore, concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L-1 of metamitron 40 DAFB provides results in an efficient thinning practice similar to manual thinning for production, mass and fruit diameter.
Foliar application of titanium on potato crop
Authors: Bacilieri Fernando Simoni , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Oliveira Roberta Camargos , Luz José Magno Queiroz
Published: September 2022

Although titanium (Ti) is not considered a nutrient, researches demonstrate that Ti leaf application can provide beneficial effects on plants growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of foliar applications of Ti levels on the metabolism, nutrient uptake and yield of potato crop, Agate cultivar. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed of 0, 10.2, 15.3, 20.4 and 22.9 g Ti ha-1, divided into three applications during the growth stage, tuberization stage and tuber filling stage. Foliar applications of Ti increase the chlorophyll content (Spad value) in the tuber filling stage. Ti levels do not interfere with N, Zn and Cu nutrient accumulation. Increasing Ti levels linearly reduce the Mn, lipid peroxidation (PL) and urease content and increase the activity of peroxidase (POD), nitrate reductase (ANR), catalase (CAT), proline and Fe content in the growth stage, with maximum level around 3 to 6 g Ti ha-1. In the tuberization stage, at high levels of Ti, there is an increase in urease activity and CAT while ANR has its lowest value. In the tuber filling stage, high Ti levels are related to high Fe, Mn, high ANR and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and low PL activity. The ideal level of titanium applied by leaf for greater yield of tubers is 11.3 g of Ti ha-1.
Development of chia plants in field conditions at different sowing-date
Authors: Goergen Patrícia Carine Hüller , Lago Isabel , Scheffel Lúcio Gabriel , Rossato Ioran Guedes , Roth Gabriel Felipe Maboni , Durigon Angelica , Pohlmann Valeria
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to characterize the development of chia plants sown at different dates, and to determine the relation between the duration of the development cycle and the final number of leaves and the leaf appearance rate on the main stem. A field experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (09/22/16, 10/28/16, 01/03/17, 02/08/17 and 03/24/17) in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the central region of the RS, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replicates was used. For each sowing date, the duration of the vegetative and reproductive phases in days and in °C day (Tb = 11 °C), the final number of leaves and the phyllochron of the main stem were determined. The duration of the vegetative phase of chia plants in days and in ºC day varies between the sowing dates, with shorter duration in late sowings in response to the photoperiod reduction. The vegetative phase represents the largest part of the total development cycle in early sowing dates, being overcome by the reproductive phase in late sowing dates (02/08/17 and 03/24/17). The phyllochron for chia varies from 36.23 (very late sowing) to 59.88 ºC day (early sowing). Later sowing has a smaller final number of leaves accumulated in the main stem due to the shorter duration of the vegetative phase.
Produção de mudas de Talisia esculenta sob irrigações com água salina em substrato com hidrogel
Authors: Bezerra Francisco Thiago Coelho , Bezerra Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Oliveira Carlos Jardel Andrade de , Souza Gleyse Lopes Fernandes de , Nascimento Ana Paula Pereira do
Published: September 2022

A salinidade é um dos fatores que compromete a formação de mudas, necessitando associar medidas que mitiguem seus efeitos. O objetivo com esta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos das frequências de irrigação, salinidade da água, polímero e volume de recipiente no crescimento e qualidade de mudas de Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. Os tratamentos foram obtidos da combinação entre concentração de polímero (0,0; 0,2; 0,6; 1,0 e; 1,2 g dm-3), condutividades elétricas da água (0,3; 1,1; 2,7; 4,3 e; 5,0 dS m-1) e frequências de irrigação (diária e alternada) mais dois tratamentos adicionais para avaliar volume do recipiente. Foram analisados o crescimento e qualidade das mudas aos 100 dias após a semeadura. A redução na frequência de irrigação de diária para dias alternados diminuiu o crescimento, o acúmulo de biomassa, e a qualidade das mudas. No geral, a salinidade prejudicou a formação das mudas enquanto o polímero teve efeitos positivos. Mudas de T. esculenta são consideradas sensíveis à salinidade, devendo-se irrigar com água de condutividade de até 0,7 dS m-1 com frequência diária de aplicação. O polímero pode ser incorporado até 1,2 g dm-3 e recipientes com maior capacidade volumétrica (0,75 vs 1,30 dm3) são indicados na produção das mudas de T. esculenta.