bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of dam reservoirs under the influence of mining subsidence in Upper Silesian Coal Basin, South Poland
Authors: Kidawa Joanna , Molenda Tadeusz
Published: December 2021

Exploitation of mineral resources can result in dramatic multidirectional changes in the natural environment in mining areas, with the changes being particularly evident in the form of land degradation. One of the consequences of underground mining is subsidence of the overlying surface of the land area. The greatest subsidence typically occurs when the mining operation is carried out with a longwall top coal caving process, which can result in subsidence basin deformation developing on the surface. This development can lead to a change in natural landforms. As a consequence of the development of subsidence basins in the present study, the maximum depth in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin may exceed 30‐m, which can also change the hydrological conditions of the area. Development of subsidence basins can often lead to changes in the morphometric parameters of the existing hydrographic objects, a phenomenon that also applies to dam reservoirs. As a result of land subsidence, the depth and surface area of hydrographic objects can increase, with the maximum depth point moving deeper into the reservoir outside the frontal barrage zone, with changes also occurring in the reservoir tank morphometry. In extreme cases, the barrage may stop water damming, being located outside the reservoir zone, meaning the tank's water management function is lost. All the reservoirs in the current study are located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in southern Poland, which is currently the only significant coal‐mining centre in Europe, with the surface area of the basin being 7490 km2.
Sperm whales exhibit variation in echolocation tactics with depth and sea state but not naval sonar exposures
Authors: Isojunno Saana , von Benda‐Beckmann Alexander M. , Wensveen Paul J. , Kvadsheim Petter H. , Lam Frans‐Peter A. , Gkikopoulou Kalliopi C. , Pöyhönen Viivi , Tyack Peter L. , Benti Benjamin , Foskolos Ilias , Bort Jacqueline , Neves Miguel , Biassoni Nicoletta , Miller Patrick J. O.
Published: December 2021

Auditory masking by anthropogenic noise may impact marine mammals relying on sound for important life functions, including echolocation. Animals have evolved antimasking strategies, but they may not be completely effective or cost‐free. We formulated seven a priori hypotheses on how odontocete echolocation behavior could indicate masking. We addressed six of them using data from 15 tagged sperm whales subject to experimental exposures of pulsed and continuous active sonar (PAS and CAS). Sea state, received single‐pulse sound exposure level (SELsp), whale depth and orientation towards surface, and sonar were considered as candidate covariates representing different masking conditions. Echolocation behavior, including buzz duration and search range, varied strongly with depth. After controlling for depth and angle to the surface, the likelihood of buzzing following a click train decreased with sea state (t = −7.3, p < .001). There was little evidence for changes in 10 tested variables with increasing sonar SELsp, except reduced buzzing consistent with previously reported feeding cessation (t = −2.26, p = .02). A potential Lombard effect was detected during echolocation with sea state and SELsp, despite off‐axis measurement and right‐hand censoring due to acoustic clipping. The results are not conclusive on masking effects on sperm whale echolocation, highlighting challenges and opportunities for future anthropogenic masking studies.
A new species of genus Russula subsect. Ilicinae (Russulaceae) from Kashmir Himalaya based on morphology and molecular phylogeny
Authors: Altaf Uzma , Verma Komal , Ghosh Aniket , Mehmood Tahir , Sharma Yash Pal
Published: December 2021

Russula indoilicis is proposed herein as a new mushroom taxon from the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India based on morphological features and ITS‐based molecular phylogeny. This species belongs to Russula subg. Heterophyllidia subsect. Ilicinae. Russula indoilicis is characterized by light grey to greyish orange pileus, white lamellae turning light orange to golden yellow or golden brown to darker with age, basidiospores with isolated spines and small warts that never form any reticulum, ixotrichoderm nature of pileipellis (covered with thick gluten layer), hymenial cystidia mainly with appendiculate apex, and growing under Cedrus deodara dominated coniferous forests. A detailed description accompanied with colour photographs of the basidiomata, illustrations of the main anatomical features, nrITS‐based molecular phylogeny and comprehensive comparisons with similar species is provided.
Genomic and transcriptomic evidence for the diverse adaptations of Synechococcus subclusters 5.2 and 5.3 to mesoscale eddies
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Li Yingdong , Jing Hongmei , Zhang Xiaodong , Xu Zhimeng , Xu Jie , Liu Hongbin
Published: December 2021

Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous oceanographic features that influence the metabolism and community structure of Synechococcus. However, the metabolic adaptations of this genus to eddy‐associated environmental changes have rarely been studied.

We recovered two high‐quality Synechococcus metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) from eddies in the South China Sea and compared their metabolic variations using metatranscriptomic samples obtained at the same time.

The two MAGs (syn‐bin1 and syn‐bin2) are affiliated with marine Synechococcus subclusters 5.2 (S5.2) and 5.3 (S5.3), respectively. The former exhibited a higher abundance at the surface layer, whereas the latter was more abundant in the deep euphotic layer. Further analysis indicated that syn‐bin1 had a strong ability to utilize organic nutrients, which could help it to thrive in the nutrient‐deprived surface water. By contrast, syn‐bin2 had the genetic potential to perform chromatic acclimation, which could allow it to capture green or blue light at different depths. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis showed that syn‐bin2 upregulated genes involved in the synthesis of C4 acids, photosystem II proteins, and transporters in the deep euphotic layer, which might contribute to its predominance in low‐light environments.

Overall, this study expands our understanding of oceanic S5.2 and S5.3 Synechococcus by revealing their metabolic adaptations to mesoscale eddies.
Unlocking the Potential of Ru(II) Dual‐action Compounds with the Power of the Heavy‐atom Effect†
Authors: Toupin Nicholas P. , Steinke Sean J. , Herroon Mackenzie K , Podgorski Izabela , Turro Claudia , Kodanko Jeremy J.
Published: December 2021

We report the synthesis, photochemical and biological characterization of two new Ru(II) photoactivated complexes based on [Ru(tpy)(Me2bpy)(L)]2+ (tpy = 2,2':6',2''‐terpyridine, Me2bpy = 6,6'‐dimethyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine), where L = pyridyl‐BODIPY (pyBOD). Two pyBOD ligands were prepared bearing flanking hydrogen or iodine atoms. Ru(II)‐bound BODIPY dyes show a red‐shift of absorption maxima relative to the free dyes and undergo photodissociation of BODIPY ligands with green light irradiation. Addition of iodine into the BODIPY ligand facilitates intersystem crossing, which leads to efficient singlet oxygen production in the free dye, but also enhances quantum yield of release of the BODIPY ligand from Ru(II). This represents the first report of a strategy to enhance photodissociation quantum yields through the heavy‐atom effect in Ru(II) complexes. Furthermore, Ru(II)‐bound BODIPY dyes display fluorescence turn‐on once released, with a lead analog showing nanomolar EC50 values against triple negative breast cancer cells, >100‐fold phototherapeutic indexes under green light irradiation, and higher selectivity toward cancer cells as compared to normal cells than the corresponding free BODIPY photosensitizer. Conventional Ru(II) photoactivated complexes require nonbiorthogonal blue light for activation and rarely show submicromolar potency to achieve cell death. Our study represents an avenue for the improved photochemistry and potency of future Ru(II) complexes.
Description of two new HLA‐C alleles: HLA‐C*07:900 and HLA‐C*07:906
Authors: Dai Bing , Chen Nanying , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: December 2021

Compared with HLA‐C*07:02:01:01, the alleles HLA‐C*07:900 and HLA‐C*07:906 each show one nucleotide substitution respectively.
Personalized landmark adaptive visualization method for pedestrian navigation maps: Considering user familiarity
Authors: Zhu Litao , Shen Jie , Zhou Jingyi , Stachoň Zdeněk , Hong Shuai , Wang Xing
Published: December 2021

Landmark‐based pedestrian navigation can assist pedestrians in navigating successfully. Previous studies have investigated the factors affecting the cognitive efficiency of landmark visualization in terms of both the visual salience of landmarks and the personal characteristics of users. However, empirical studies and applications that consider the influence of spatial familiarity on landmark representation are limited. In this article, we propose a personalized landmark adaptive visualization method for pedestrian navigation maps considering user familiarity. We first explore the influence of spatial familiarity on landmark salience and symbols using cognitive experiments. The results showed that unfamiliar people preferred strong visual salience landmarks and image‐based symbols, while familiar people preferred strong semantic salience landmarks and text‐based symbols. Based on these results, a mathematical model of landmark salience for selecting personalized landmarks is proposed, and association rules between landmark salience and symbols are mined. Finally, the framework of a landmark visualization method is proposed based on the rules. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a prototype system is developed, and a comparative experiment is conducted with a Baidu map. Experimental results showed that the proposed method has direct practical implications for the development of pedestrian navigation systems, depending on different target users.
Proof‐theoretic semantics of natural deduction based on inversion
Authors: Zimmermann Ernst
Published: December 2021

The article presents a full proof‐theoretic semantics for natural deduction based on an extended inversion principle: the elimination rule for an operator q may invert the introduction rule for q, but also vice versa, the introduction rule for a connective q may invert the elimination rule for q. Such an inversion—extending Prawitz' concept of inversion—gives the following theorem: Inversion for two rules of operator q (intro rule, elim rule) exists iff a reduction of a maximum formula for q exists. The inversion theorem is specified to two logics, Lambek calculus (LC) and intuitionistic linear logic (ILL), with four propositional connectives: two multiplicatives (implication and conjunction) and two additives (conjunction and disjunction), with two quantifiers and two modals. LC is defined by using elimination rules by composition. ILL is defined by using usual general elimination rules. Elimination rules by composition are an exciting alternative to general elimination rules; in some cases, they do not need permutations.
Investigation of the allele frequency of the G>A intron 10 ADAMTS17 mutation causing primary lens luxation in the Portuguese Podengo breed
Authors: Tzouganakis Ioannis , Tsvetanova Agata , Jeanes Emily C. , Mellersh Cathryn S. , Gould David J.
Published: December 2021

Objective

To establish the allele frequency of the PLL‐causing G>A intron 10 ADAMTS17 mutation in the Portuguese Podengo population in the UK and investigate a possible correlation between the mutation and short stature.

Methods

Two groups of dogs (Group 1 and Group 2) were recruited for the purpose of the study. Group 1 (n = 40) consisted of dogs which were genotyped only and Group 2 (n = 42) consisted of dogs which were genotyped, underwent a full ophthalmological examination and also had their height measured at the withers.

Results

In Group 1, genotyping for the ADAMTS17:c.1473+1G>A mutation confirmed 1/40 homozygous for the mutated allele (−/−), 7/40 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/−), and 32/40 homozygous for the wild‐type allele (+/+) dogs. In Group 2, genotyping of the dogs confirmed 6/42 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/−) and homozygous for the wild‐type allele (+/+) dogs. In total, 1/82 (1.2%) dogs were confirmed to be homozygous for the mutated allele, 13/82 (15.8%) heterozygous for the mutated allele and 68/82 (83%) homozygous for the wild‐type allele. The frequency of the mutated allele across both groups was calculated as 0.09. A statistically significant correlation between the mutation and short stature could not be established (p = .590).

Conclusions

The frequency of the mutation calculated in this study (0.09) is high. Genetic testing should be considered for each dog prior to breeding with a view of selective breeding.
Local Approach of Ductile Rupture Under Cyclic Loading Conditions
Authors: Remmal Al Mahdi , Marie Stéphane
Published: December 2021

Experiments have shown that ductile failure occurs sooner under cyclic loading conditions than under monotone ones. This reduction of ductility probably arises from an effect called “ratcheting of the porosity” that consists of a continued increase of the mean porosity during each cycle with the number of cycles. Improved micromechanical simulations confirmed this interpretation. The same work also contained a proof that Gurson's classical model for porous ductile materials does not predict any ratcheting of the porosity. In a recent work (Morin et al., 2017, “A Gurson-Type Layer Model for Ductile Porous Solids With Isotropic and Kinematic Hardening,” Int. J. Solids Struct., 118–119, pp. 167–178), the authors proposed a Gurson-type “layer model” better fit than Gurson's original one for the description of the ductile behavior under cyclic loading conditions, using the theory of sequential limit analysis. A very good agreement was obtained between the model predictions and the results of the micromechanical simulations for a rigid-hardenable material. However, the ratcheting of the porosity is a consequence of both hardening and elasticity, and sequential limit analysis (Yang, 1993, “Large Deformation of Structures by Sequential Limit Analysis,” Int. J. Solids Struct., 30(7), pp. 1001–1013; Leu, 2007, “Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Strain-Hardening Viscoplastic Thick-Walled Cylinders Under Internal Pressure by Using Sequential Limit Analysis,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 196(25–28), pp. 2713–2722; Leblond et al., 2018, “Classical and Sequential Limit Analysis Revisited,” C. R. Méc., 346(4), pp. 336–349.) is strictly applicable in the absence of elasticity. In this work, a proposal is made to take into account elasticity in the layer model through the definition of a new objective stress rate leading to an accurate expression of the porosity rate accounting for both elasticity and plasticity. This proposal is assessed through comparison of its predictions with the results of some new micromechanical simulations performed for matrices exhibiting both elasticity and all types of hardening. Finally, a comparison of the predictions regarding finite element modeling of pipes loaded cyclically is proposed.
Boundary Slip-Induced Temperature Rise and Film Thickness Reduction Under Sliding/Rolling Contact in Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Meng Xianghua , Wang Jing , Nagayama Gyoko
Published: December 2021

Temperature rise and film thickness reduction are the most important factors in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). In the EHL contact area, interfacial resistances (velocity/thermal slips) induced by the molecular interaction between lubricant and solid become significant due to the large surface/volume ratio. Although the velocity slip has been investigated extensively, less attention has been paid on the thermal slip in the EHL regime. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted by applying three cases of boundary slips to surfaces under sliding/rolling contacts moving in the same direction for the Newtonian thermal EHL. We found that the coupled velocity/thermal slips lead the most significant temperature rise and film thickness reduction among the three cases. The velocity slip results in a lower temperature in the lubricant and solids, whereas the thermal slip causes a temperature rise in the entire contact area in the lubricant as the film thickness decreases simultaneously. Furthermore, the effect of thermal slip on lubrication is more dominant than that of velocity slip, which increases the entrainment velocity or slide–roll ratio.
Starving Your Performance? Reduced Preexercise Hunger Increases Resistance Exercise Performance
Authors: Naharudin Mohamed Nashrudin , Yusof Ashril , Clayton David J. , James Lewis J.
Published: December 2021

Background: Preexercise food intake enhances exercise performance due, in part, to the provision of exogenous carbohydrate. Food intake also suppresses hunger, but the specific influence of hunger on exercise performance has not been investigated. This study aimed to manipulate hunger by altering preexercise meal viscosity to examine whether hunger influences performance. Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained males completed 2 experimental trials ingesting either high viscosity semisolid (SEM) and low viscosity liquid (LIQ) carbohydrate-containing meals 2 hours before performing 4 sets of back squat (85 [22] kg) and bench press (68 [13] kg) to failure at 90% 10-repetition maximum. Subjective hunger/fullness as well as plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine were measured before and periodically after the meal. Repetitions completed in sets were used to determine exercise performance. Results: Hunger was lower, and fullness was greater during SEM compared with LIQ immediately before and during exercise (P < .05). Total repetitions completed for back squat were approximately 10% greater in SEM (SEM 57 [9]; LIQ 51 [7] repetitions; P = .001) with no difference in bench press repetitions (SEM 48 [11]; LIQ 48 [10] repetitions; P = .621). Postprandial glucose concentrations were greater during LIQ (12% increase in peak glucose) but were similar throughout exercise. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that exercise performance in back squat was increased in the SEM trial concomitant to a reduction in hunger. Therefore, this study provides novel data that suggest that exercise performance might be influenced by hunger, at least for resistance exercise.
Dr. Richard C. Nelson—Mentor and Visionary: Lessons Learned, Memories Forever
Authors: Gregor Robert J.
Published: December 2021

Richard C. Nelson started the Biomechanics Laboratory, one of the first of its kind in the world, on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in 1967. His vision focused on connecting the physiological and mechanical elements of human performance analysis, specifically sport performance. The lab’s engaging, interdisciplinary environment supported self-designed programs of study, benefiting each individual student. Furthermore, the Biomechanics Lab became the nexus for the development of biomechanics as a field of study internationally. Richard Nelson’s diplomatic skills spread the word initially through the formation of the International Society of Biomechanics. This international effort resulted in the development of national societies of biomechanics around the world, for example, the American Society of Biomechanics. Second, these efforts stimulated the concept of sport performance analysis on the international stage. Richard Nelson’s passion was to analyze individual performances at the Olympic Games. This goal was finally realized, with the development of the Subcommission within the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission and biomechanical analysis projects completed at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Richard Nelson’s vision, mentoring style, and dedication planted and nurtured the seed of biomechanics as a discipline of study around the world.
New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Facilitates the Emergence of Cefiderocol Resistance in Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Nurjadi Dennis , Kocer Kaan , Chanthalangsy Quan , Klein Sabrina , Heeg Klaus , Boutin Sébastien
Published: December 2021

Cefiderocol is a promising novel siderophore cephalosporin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli and with stability against degradation by metallo-β-lactamases. Nonetheless, the emergence of cefiderocol in metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales during therapy has been reported on more than one occasion.
Acquired Clinical Immunity to Malaria in Nonhuman Primates Coinfected with
Schistosoma
and
Plasmodium
Parasites
Authors: Nyakundi Ruth K. , Hau Jann , Ogongo Paul , Nyamongo Onkoba , Jeneby Maamum , Akinyi Mercy , Mulei Isaac , Nyundo Fred , Farah Idle , Malhotra Indu , Ozwara Hastings , King Christopher L. , Kariuki Thomas
Published: December 2021

Naturally acquired immunity to malaria develops over several years and can be compromised by concomitant infections. This study explored the influence of chronic schistosomiasis on clinical outcome and immunity to repeated malaria infection.
The WalR-WalK Signaling Pathway Modulates the Activities of both CwlO and LytE through Control of the Peptidoglycan Deacetylase PdaC in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Dobihal Genevieve S. , Flores-Kim Josué , Roney Ian J. , Wang Xindan , Rudner David Z.
Published: December 2021

Bacterial growth and division requires a delicate balance between the synthesis and remodeling of the cell wall exoskeleton. How bacteria regulate the potentially autolytic enzymes that remodel the cell wall peptidoglycan remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that the broadly conserved WalR-WalK two-component signaling system homeostatically controls both the levels and activities of two cell wall hydrolases that are critical for cell growth.
A high-resolution consensus linkage map for barley based on GBS-derived genotypes
Authors: Abed Amina , Badea Ana , Beattie Aaron , Khanal Raja , Tucker James , Belzile François
Published: December 2021

As genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is widely used in barley genetic studies, the translation of the physical position of GBS-derived SNPs into accurate genetic positions has become relevant. The main aim of this study was to develop a high-resolution consensus linkage map based on GBS-derived SNPs. The construction of this integrated map involved 11 bi-parental populations composed of 3743 segregating progenies. We adopted a uniform set of SNP-calling and filtering conditions to identify 50 875 distinct SNPs segregating in at least one population. These SNPs were grouped into 18 580 non-redundant SNPs (bins). The resulting consensus linkage map spanned 1050.1 cM, providing an average density of 17.7 bins and 48.4 SNPs per cM. The consensus map is characterized by the absence of large intervals devoid of marker coverage (significant gaps), the largest interval between bins was only 3.7 cM and the mean distance between adjacent bins was 0.06 cM. This high-resolution linkage map will contribute to several applications in genomic research, such as providing useful information on the recombination landscape for QTLs/genes identified via GWAS or ensuring a uniform distribution of SNPs when developing low-cost genotyping tools offering a limited number of markers.
Utilizing high-p⊥ theory and data to constrain the initial stages of quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Ilic Bojana , Zigic Dusan , Djordjevic Marko , Djordjevic Magdalena
Published: December 2021

The scarce knowledge of the initial stages of quark-gluon plasma before the thermalization is mostly inferred through the low-[Formula: see text] sector. We propose a complementary approach in this report — the use of high-[Formula: see text] probes’ energy loss. We study the effects of four commonly assumed initial stages, whose temperature profiles differ only before the thermalization, on high-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] predictions. The predictions are based on our Dynamical Radiative and Elastic ENergy-loss Approach (DREENA) framework. We report insensitivity of [Formula: see text] to the initial stages, making it unable to distinguish between different cases. [Formula: see text] displays sensitivity to the presumed initial stages, but current experimental precision does not allow resolution between these cases. We further revise the commonly accepted procedure of fitting the energy loss parameters, for each individual initial stage, to the measured [Formula: see text]. We show that the sensitivity of [Formula: see text] to various initial stages obtained through such procedure is mostly a consequence of fitting procedure, which may obscure the physical interpretations. Overall, the simultaneous study of high-[Formula: see text] observables, with unchanged energy loss parametrization and restrained temperature profiles, is crucial for future constraints on initial stages.
Strong Time-Consistency of a Core: An Application to the Pollution Control Problem in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Gromova Ekaterina V. , Barsuk Polina I. , Su Shimai
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we study the (strong) time-consistency property of the core for a linear-quadratic differential game of pollution control with nonzero absorption coefficient and real values of the model parameters. The values of parameters are evaluated based on the data for the largest aluminum enterprises of Eastern Siberia region of the Russian Federation for the year 2016. The obtained results are accompanied with illustrations.
A Clustering Algorithm in Stream Data Using Strong Coreset
Authors: Singh Manmohan , Pamula Rajendra , Kumar Alok
Published: December 2021

There are various applications of clustering in the fields of machine learning, data mining, data compression along with pattern recognition. The existent techniques like the Llyods algorithm (sometimes called k-means) were affected by the issue of the algorithm which converges to a local optimum along with no approximation guarantee. For overcoming these shortcomings, an efficient k-means clustering approach is offered by this paper for stream data mining. Coreset is a popular and fundamental concept for k-means clustering in stream data. In each step, reduction determines a coreset of inputs, and represents the error, where P represents number of input points according to nested property of coreset. Hence, a bit reduction in error of final coreset gets n times more accurate. Therefore, this motivated the author to propose a new coreset-reduction algorithm. The proposed algorithm executed on the Covertype dataset, Spambase dataset, Census 1990 dataset, Bigcross dataset, and Tower dataset. Our algorithm outperforms with competitive algorithms like Streamkm++, BICO (BIRCH meets Coresets for k-means clustering), and BIRCH (Balance Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies.
Artificial Intelligence Applications with e-Learning System for China’s Higher Education Platform
Authors: Fu Xiaoran , Lokesh Krishna K. , Sabitha R.
Published: December 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted educational institutions extensively utilize electronic learning context to guarantee improved teaching and learning experiences accompanied by educational activities. E-learning or online learning plays a significant role in Chinese higher education. There is a challenge to implement e-learning in China’s higher education to improve course resources, student learning style prediction, teaching quality, and service support. Hence in this paper, Artificial Intelligence based Efficient E-learning Framework (AI-EELF) has been proposed to overcome the challenges faced by China’s higher education while implementing e-learning modules. The collected student data can be efficiently utilized and exploited to progress in an adaptive learning environment. The proposed AI-EELF method introduces multiple learning models to enhance teaching quality and predict the student learning style. The experimental results show that the proposed AI-EELF achieves high performance, prediction ratio in determining students’ learning style and improves teaching quality compared to other existing methods.
Research on the Control Method of Unmanned Helicopter Under the Background of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Li Wenze , Zhang Xuanzi , Huang Bo , Chen Yi , Zhang Ruiqi , BalaMurugan S.
Published: December 2021

A synopsis of a multidisciplinary research initiative focused on critical strategies for the genuine independent flight of tiny, vertical flying take-off (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The research activities are the flight testbed, a simulation and test environment, and integrated components for onboard navigation, perception, design, and control. The necessity to create an unmanned helicopter system in different new civil applications cannot be overlooked. A highly reliable model may be used in the design, analysis, and implementation. The helicopter is fitted with a reference system for flight test data measurement and recording attitude heading reference system (AHRS) and the accompanying data storage modules. Recently, artificial intelligence-based deep learning (DL) has demonstrated excellent outcomes for a wide range of robotic activities in the areas of perception, planning, location, and management. Its remarkable skills to learn from complex data obtained in actual surroundings make it appropriate for many autonomous robotic applications. At the same time, UHS is currently widely utilized in various civil tasks in security, cinematography, disaster assistance, package delivery, or warehouse management (Unmanned Helicopter System). This paper conducted detailed work on current applications and the most significant advances and their performance and limits for the DL-UHS method. Furthermore, the essential strategies for deep learning are explained in depth — finally, discussing the principal hurdles of applying deep learning for UHS solutions. The proposed DL-UHS enhance outcome to evaluate the control strategies for the unmanned helicopter to achieve the low signal to noise error ratio of 31.3%, the error rate of 33.6%, the high-performance ratio of 91.4%, enhance accurate path planning 97.5%, prediction ratio of 96.3%, less trajectory cost ratio of 17.8% and increased safety tracking rate 93.6% when compared to other popular methods.
The Generalized Connectivity of Generalized Petersen Graph
Authors: Si Yuan , Li Ping , Xiao Yuzhi , Liang Jinxia
Published: December 2021

For a vertex set [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we use [Formula: see text] to denote the maximum number of edge-disjoint Steiner trees of [Formula: see text] such that any two of such trees intersect in [Formula: see text]. The generalized [Formula: see text]-connectivity of [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text]. We get that for any generalized Petersen graph [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. We give the values of [Formula: see text] for Petersen graph [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], and the values of [Formula: see text] for generalized Petersen graph [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Efficient Distributed Matrix Factorization Alternating Least Squares (EDMFALS) for Recommendation Systems Using Spark
Authors: Ravi Kumar R. R. S. , Appa Rao G. , Anuradha S.
Published: December 2021

With the emergence of e-commerce and social networking systems, the use of recommendation systems gained popularity to predict the user ratings of an item. Since the large volume of data is generated from various sources at high speed, predicting the ratings accurately in real-time adds enormous benefit to the users while choosing the correct item. So a recommendation system must be capable enough to predict the rating accurately when the data are large. Apache Spark is a distributed framework well suited for processing large datasets and real-time data streams. In this paper, we propose an efficient matrix factorisation algorithm based on Spark MLlib alternating least squares (ALS) for collaborative filtering. The optimisations used for the proposed algorithm using Tungsten improved the performance of the algorithm significantly while doing the predictions. The experimental results prove that the proposed work is significantly faster for top-N recommendations and rating predictions compared with the existing works.
Uncertainty principles associated with multi-dimensional linear canonical transform
Authors: Ahmad Owais , Achak A. , Sheikh Neyaz A. , Warbhe Ujwal
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this paper is to establish Heisenberg’s and Beckner’s uncertainty principles associated with multi-dimensional linear canonical transform.
SMT-Based Contention-Free Task Mapping and Scheduling on 2D/3D SMART NoC with Mixed Dimension-Order Routing
Authors: Lee Daeyeal , Lin Bill , Cheng Chung-Kuan
Published: December 2021

SMART NoCs achieve ultra-low latency by enabling single-cycle multiple-hop transmission via bypass channels. However, contention along bypass channels can seriously degrade the performance of SMART NoCs by breaking the bypass paths. Therefore, contention-free task mapping and scheduling are essential for optimal system performance. In this article, we propose an SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories)-based framework to find optimal contention-free task mappings with minimum application schedule lengths on 2D/3D SMART NoCs with mixed dimension-order routing. On top of SMT’s fast reasoning capability for conditional constraints, we develop efficient search-space reduction techniques to achieve practical scalability. Experiments demonstrate that our SMT framework achieves 10× higher scalability than
ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
with 931.1× (ranges from 2.2× to 1532.1×) and 1237.1× (ranges from 4× to 4373.8×) faster average runtimes for finding optimum solutions on 2D and 3D SMART NoCs and our 2D and 3D extensions of the SMT framework with mixed dimension-order routing also maintain the improved scalability with the extended and diversified routing paths, resulting in reduced application schedule lengths throughout various application benchmarks.
The randomized communication complexity of revenue maximization
Authors: Rubinstein Aviad , Zhao Junyao
Published: December 2021

We study the communication complexity of incentive compatible auction-protocols between a monopolist seller and a single buyer with a combinatorial valuation function over
n
items [Rubinstein and Zhao 2021]. Motivated by the fact that revenue-optimal auctions are randomized [Thanassoulis 2004; Manelli and Vincent 2010; Briest et al. 2010; Pavlov 2011; Hart and Reny 2015] (as well as by an open problem of Babaioff, Gonczarowski, and Nisan [Babaioff et al. 2017]), we focus on the
randomized
communication complexity of this problem (in contrast to most prior work on deterministic communication).

We design simple, incentive compatible, and revenue-optimal auction-protocols whose expected communication complexity is much (in fact infinitely) more efficient than their deterministic counterparts.

We also give nearly matching lower bounds on the expected communication complexity of approximately-revenue-optimal auctions. These results follow from a simple characterization of incentive compatible auction-protocols that allows us to prove lower bounds against randomized auction-protocols. In particular, our lower bounds give the first approximation-resistant, exponential separation between communication complexity of
incentivizing
vs
implementing
a Bayesian incentive compatible social choice rule, settling an open question of Fadel and Segal [Fadel and Segal 2009].
ITiCSE 2022 preview
Authors: Becker Brett , Quille Keith
Published: December 2021

The 27th annual ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE) will take place in Dublin, Ireland, hosted by University College Dublin (UCD), with support from the Technological University of Dublin (TU Dublin).
Modeling of Ferroelectric Oxide Perovskites: From First to Second Principles
Authors: Ghosez Philippe , Junquera Javier
Published: December 2021

Taking a historical perspective, we provide a brief overview of the first-principles modeling of ferroelectric perovskite oxides over the past 30 years. We emphasize how the work done by a relatively small community on the fundamental understanding of ferroelectricity and related phenomena has been at the origin of consecutive theoretical breakthroughs, with an impact going often well beyond the limit of the ferroelectric community. In this context, we first review key theoretical advances such as the modern theory of polarization, the computation of functional properties as energy derivatives, the explicit treatment of finite fields, or the advent of second-principles methods to extend the length and timescale of the simulations. We then discuss how these have revolutionized our understanding of ferroelectricity and related phenomena in this technologically important class of compounds.
Application of Light Hydrocarbons in Natural Gas Geochemistry of Gas Fields in China
Authors: Huang Shipeng , Li Jianzhong , Wang Tongshan , Jiang Qingchun , Jiang Hua , Tao Xiaowan , Bai Bin , Feng Ziqi
Published: December 2021

Light hydrocarbons (LHs) are an important component of natural gas whose chemical and isotopic compositions play a vital role in identifying gas genetic type, thermal maturity, gas–gas correlation, gas–source correlation, migration direction and phase, and secondary alterations (such as evaporative fractionation, biodegradation, and thermochemical sulfate reduction) experienced by the gas pool. Through review of geochemical research into LHs over recent decades, and analysis of chemical and isotopic compositions of LHs of gases and condensates from more than 40 gas fields in China, we present an overview of the genetic mechanisms of LHs and the impacts of various factors on their geochemical compositions. The primary objectives of this review are to demonstrate the application of LH chemical and isotopic composition characteristics to gas geochemistry research and to assess the applicability and reliability of geochemical identification diagrams and parameters for determining gas genetic types, maturity, source, secondary alteration, and migration direction and phase. ▪ Three main genetic mechanisms are proposed for the formation of light hydrocarbons: thermal decomposition, catalytic decomposition of organic matter, and microbial action. ▪ Chemical and isotopic compositions of light hydrocarbons with different carbon numbers and/or structures can be used to identify the genetic types and maturity of natural gas. ▪ Content ratios and carbon isotopes of characteristic light hydrocarbons are good indicators for gas–gas and gas–source correlations. ▪ Secondary alterations (evaporative fractionation, biodegradation, thermochemical sulfate reduction) and migration of gas can be indicated by chemical and isotopic compositions of light hydrocarbons.
Molecular Polaritonics: Chemical Dynamics Under Strong Light–Matter Coupling
Authors: Li Tao E. , Cui Bingyu , Subotnik Joseph E. , Nitzan Abraham
Published: December 2021

Chemical manifestations of strong light–matter coupling have recently been a subject of intense experimental and theoretical studies. Here we review the present status of this field. Section 1 is an introduction to molecular polaritonics and to collective response aspects of light–matter interactions. Section 2 provides an overview of the key experimental observations of these effects, while Section 3 describes our current theoretical understanding of the effect of strong light–matter coupling on chemical dynamics. A brief outline of applications to energy conversion processes is given in Section 4. Pending technical issues in the construction of theoretical approaches are briefly described in Section 5. Finally, the summary in Section 6 outlines the paths ahead in this exciting endeavor.
Dynamic Nonlinear and Residual Deformation Behaviors of the Fly Ash‐Modified Loess
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Jun , Zhong Xiumei , Ma Haiping , Xu Xiaowei
Published: December 2021

Metastable loess soils can deform, inducing geological and engineering disasters. Therefore, the behavior of the loess under dynamic load is gaining massive attention from researchers to improve the strength of the soils. Fly ash mixed with loess can improve strength and reduce construction costs and environmental pollution. Moreover, it has strong economic and social benefits. This paper investigates the influence of fly ash on the dynamic properties of the modified loess through a series of dynamic triaxial tests of the fly ash modified loess with different fly ash contents. The treated soil samples were prepared using a static compaction method in both ends and cured for 28 days. The dynamic shear modulus ratio, the damping ratio, and the dynamic residual strain of the modified loess were analyzed. The variation characteristics of the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio with the dynamic shear strain of the fly ash modified loess were obtained. The effect of fly ash content on the dynamic nonlinear parameters of the modified loess was also investigated. In addition, the relationship between the dynamic residual strain and the fly ash content was discussed. The results show that the dynamic shear modulus ratio of fly ash modified loess decreases nonlinearly with the increase in the dynamic shear strain. However, the attenuation rate difference of the curves is small. The damping ratio increases gradually with increasing dynamic shear strain. Under a certain dynamic shear strain level, the damping ratio decreases with the increase in the fly ash content. The dynamic residual strain increases with the increase in the dynamic stress. However, it decreases with the increase in the fly ash content. When the fly ash content is between 10% and 20%, the dynamic residual strain of fly ash modified loess is reduced rapidly. However, when the fly ash content exceeds 20%, the dynamic residual strain decreases slowly. The fly ash content of 20% could be suggested as an optimal content for seismic resistance of the loess foundation.
Study on Ultrasonic Imaging of Nursing Care for Preventing and Treating Clinical Infection of Hemodialysis Patients Based on Smart Medical Big Data
Authors: Wen Yuanyuan , Li Hongyan , Gao Yanjun
Published: December 2021

The ultrasonic imaging research of nursing care for preventing and treating clinical infection of hemodialysis patients based on smart medical big data is studied. 100 hemodialysis patients were selected from May 2019 to May 2020. The patients were randomly divided into the observation group and routine group with 50 cases in each group. The PWV of common carotid artery was measured by ultrasonic rapid imaging technology, including BS value at the beginning of systole and ES value at the end of systole. According to the effect of preventive nursing intervention of intelligent medical treatment, the MHD group adopted preventive nursing intervention, while the routine group adopted traditional nursing service. The infection rate and quality of life score of patients in both groups were evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences in BS and ES values between the MHD group and PWV in the normal group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in BS value and ES value between MHD patients with plaque and those without plaque (P>0.05). It is proved that the ultrafast ultrasound imaging technology is safe, simple, noninvasive, nonradioactive, and fast and can automatically and accurately detect carotid PWV. It is expected to become a new imaging method for quantitative evaluation of arteriosclerosis degree in MHD patients. Preventive nursing intervention can reduce the incidence of infection in hemodialysis patients and improve their quality of life. Smart medical treatment has brought us a lot of convenience. As patients, we should change our concept, actively participate in it, and contribute to the development of smart medical treatment.
Analysis on the Factors Influencing the Behavior of Purchasing Enterprise Brand Fruits: Empirical Study Based on 312 Consumers in China
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Ju Liyu , Zhang Yongju , Li Ziyu
Published: December 2021

Based on summarizing the factors that influence consumers’ purchasing of fruits and vegetables, by establishing the theoretical framework that describes the factors influencing the behavior of purchasing enterprise brand fruits, designing the questionnaire, collecting data, and analyzing the data of 312 consumers by binary logistic regression, this article finds that there are mainly 6 factors influencing the behavior of purchasing enterprise brand fruits, namely, gender, the convenience of purchase, taste, evaluation after tasting, tasted or not, and whether relatives or friends buy. Among them, the first four factors have a positive effect, while the last two have a negative effect. The biggest influential factor is whether relatives or friends buy, followed by tasted or not, the third is an evaluation after tasting, and the fourth is the convenience of purchase. Taste and gender are, respectively, ranked fifth and sixth. Based on the above conclusions, this article puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, which can be listed as follows: to expand the marketing channels of enterprise brand fruits, to improve the convenience of purchase, to improve the quality of enterprise brand fruits, to pay attention to the improvement of taste, to give full play to the publicity role of the government and enterprises, and to improve the popularity of enterprise brand fruits.
Drug‐Induced Liver Injury: Clinical Evidence of N‐Acetyl Cysteine Protective Effects
Authors: Ntamo Yonela , Ziqubu Khanyisani , Chellan Nireshni , Nkambule Bongani B. , Nyambuya Tawanda M. , Mazibuko-Mbeje Sithandiwe E. , Gabuza Kwazikwakhe B. , Marcheggiani Fabio , Tiano Luca , Dludla Phiwayinkosi V.
Published: December 2021

Oxidative stress is a key pathological feature implicated in both acute and chronic liver diseases, including drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). The latter describes hepatic injury arising as a direct toxic effect of administered drugs or their metabolites. Although still underreported, DILI remains a significant cause of liver failure, especially in developed nations. Currently, it is understood that mitochondrial‐generated oxidative stress and abnormalities in phase I/II metabolism, leading to glutathione (GSH) suppression, drive the onset of DILI. N‐Acetyl cysteine (NAC) has attracted a lot of interest as a therapeutic agent against DILI because of its strong antioxidant properties, especially in relation to enhancing endogenous GSH content to counteract oxidative stress. Thus, in addition to updating information on the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in oxidative‐induced hepatic injury, the current review critically discusses clinical evidence on the protective effects of NAC against DILI, including the reduction of patient mortality. Besides injury caused by paracetamol, NAC can also improve liver function in relation to other forms of liver injury such as those induced by excessive alcohol intake. The implicated therapeutic mechanisms of NAC extend from enhancing hepatic GSH levels to reducing biomarkers of paracetamol toxicity such as keratin‐18 and circulating caspase‐cleaved cytokeratin‐18. However, there is still lack of evidence confirming the benefits of using NAC in combination with other therapies in patients with DILI.