bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adaptive Proculturation Process of Being a Psychotherapist as a Kazakh Asylum Seeker in Sweden
Authors: Boman Björn
Published: June 2022

The term acculturation is important for describing and analyzing how for example migrants gradually become accustomed to a new host society. The term proculturation is similar but emphasizes the real-life experiences of migrants, as well as the fusion between familiar and unfamiliar ideas, things, and experiences. However, so far there is a dearth of studies which have aimed to explore such a construct empirically. The current article used a limited but meaningful example, the lived experiences of a Kazakh migrant in Sweden whose occupation is being a psychotherapist. The aim was to understand the cultural identity of this individual as regards processes of migration from A (Kazakhstan) to B (Sweden), as well as related proculturation processes. Moreover, the focus was also on the specific and precarious work conditions for a person who does not have the possibility to work officially as a psychotherapist during an extensive residence permit application process. Information derived from a semi-structured interview indicates that basic cultural identity markers (woman, Kazakh, Russian-speaking, Muslim) remained constant after residing in Sweden for more than 5 years but that some elements of the more secular-liberal Swedish culture (e.g., the Swedish language, increased alcohol consumption) were appropriated. The person used social media apps like WhatsApp as a technological tool to practice the profession as a psychotherapist in a transnational setting, which constitutes a different strategy than how Swedish as well as Kazakh psychotherapists generally perform this profession.
Use of calcofluor white to detect β-glucan changes in Phytophthora palmivora oospores by fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Perrine-Walker Francine M.
Published: June 2022

Calcofluor white is a fluorochrome used for detecting β-glucans in cell walls of plant pathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to detect β-glucans in oospores of the heterothallic Phytophthora palmivora by crossing two compatible A1 and A2 mating types on carrot agar plates with or without a supplement of aqueous French bean extract. Lack of calcofluor white induced fluorescence, in yellow to deep brown oospores, suggests a change in the type of β-glucans in the outer oospore-oogonium cell wall. This staining method is an easy, quick and visual way to monitor changes in β-glucans during oospore development.
Structural effects and real strain-rate effects on compressive strength of sustainable concrete with crumb rubber in split Hopkinson pressure bar tests
Authors: Feng Wanhui , Chen Baiyu , Tang Yunchao , Wei Wenbo , He Weiming , Yang Yongmin
Published: June 2022

The dynamic increase factor (DIF) of the concrete material strength, obtained using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), includes structural effects that do not precisely reflect the real strain-rate effect of concrete. To further clarify the real strain-rate effects of rubberised concrete (RC), an experimental investigation regarding the dynamic compressive response of ordinary concrete (NC) and RC with three rubber contents (10%, 20%, and 30%) was performed in this study. Additionally, based on a dynamic constitutive model, i.e., the Karagozian and Case (K&C) concrete model, numerical SHPB tests were conducted using the LS-DYNA software. According to the experimental results, all parameters of the K&C model were discussed, and the damage factors were modified to satisfy the mechanical properties of RC. After validating the numerical model, it was observed that the experimental DIF included the inertial enhancement and the real DIF. Moreover, because rubber particles effectively reduce the density and improve the deformation capacity of concrete, the real strain-rate effect of RC was found to be more rate-sensitive than that of NC by analysing the radial stress distribution. In addition to lateral inertia, another external source, namely, the interface friction between the specimen and bars, which can produce lateral confinement, was further studied. It was found that interface friction significantly contributes to lateral confinement; however, as the strain rate increased, the impact generally decreased. Finally, the mechanism of the strain-rate effect of RC was clarified.
Examining the paradoxes children experience in language and literacy learning
Authors: Auld Glenn , O’Mara Joanne , Cloonan Anne , Delphine Tim , Eyers Andrew , Nicholas Maria , Ohi Sarah , Paatsch Louise , Pangrazio Luci , Quick Joanne
Published: June 2022

Paradoxes are particularly problematic in literacy as they often complicate learning. However, identifying and examining them can also tell us something about the inherent problems within social, political, and educational systems. This paper reports on an analysis of a total of 205AJLLarticles and editorials, published between 2011 and 2021. The purpose of the study was to identify the paradoxes associated with student language and literacy learning. The systematic literature review identified 311 instances of paradoxes across these 205 articles. Thirty instances of paradoxical terminology associated with student literacy learning were selected from the 311 instances. The excluded 271 instances of paradox were associated with policy contexts, teacher performance, and accountabilities, which are outside the scope of this article. The research in the 205 articles found that literacy learning was shaped by the skills of literacy learning, the complexity of student learning through standardised approaches, and textual plurality. The contexts of literacy learning spanned the virtual and real, the implications of national testing on local situations, and the changing nature of text and what it means to be literate. This review identified that students negotiate paradoxes associated with the risks of standardised testing, the narrowing of the writing curriculum, and understanding the variety of textual forms and practices. Identifying and examining these paradoxes will help address some of the persistent problems in literacy learning faced by students and teachers.
WheatCENet: A Database for Comparative Co-Expression Networks Analysis of Allohexaploid Wheat and Its Progenitors
Authors: Li Zhongqiu , Hu Yiheng , Ma Xuelian , Da Lingling , She Jiajie , Liu Yue , Yi Xin , Cao Yaxin , Xu Wenying , Jiao Yuannian , Su Zhen
Published: June 2022

Genetic and epigenetic changes after polyploidization events could result in variable gene expression and modified regulatory networks. Here, using large-scale transcriptome data, we constructed co-expression networks for diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat species, and built a platform for comparing co-expression networks of allohexaploid wheat and its progenitors, named WheatCENet. WheatCENet is a platform for searching and comparing specific functional co-expression networks, as well as identifying the related functions of the genes clustered therein. Functional annotations like pathways, gene families, protein–protein interactions, microRNAs (miRNAs), and several lines of epigenome data are integrated into this platform, and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), motif identification, and other useful tools are also included. Using WheatCENet, we found that the network of WHEAT ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 (WAPO1) has more co-expressed genes related to spike development in hexaploid wheat than its progenitors. We also found a novel motif of CCWWWWWWGG (CArG) specifically in the promoter region of WAPO-A1, suggesting that neofunctionalization of the WAPO-A1 gene affects spikelet development in hexaploid wheat. WheatCENet is useful for investigating co-expression networks and conducting other analyses, and thus facilitates comparative and functional genomic studies in wheat. WheatCENet is freely available at http://bioinformatics.cpolar.cn/WheatCENet and http://bioinformatics.cau.edu.cn/WheatCENet.
Divine Regeneration and Ethnic Identity in 1 Peter
Authors: Marcar Katie
Published: June 2022

In this book, Katie Marcar examines how 1 Peter draws together metaphors of family, ethnicity, temple, and priesthood to describe Christian identity. She examines the precedents for these metaphors in Second Temple Judaism and early Christianity in order to highlight the originality, creativity and theological depth of the text. She then explores how these metaphors are combined and developed in 1 Peter to create complex, narratival metaphors which reframe believers' understanding of themselves, their community, and their world. Integrating insights on ethnicity and race in the ancient and modern world, as well as insights from metaphor studies, Marcar examines why it is important for Christians to think of themselves as one family and ethnic group. Marcar concludes by distilling the metaphors of divine regeneration down to their underlying systematic metaphors.
Probabilistic Numerics
Authors: Hennig Philipp , Osborne Michael A. , Kersting Hans P.
Published: June 2022

Probabilistic numerical computation formalises the connection between machine learning and applied mathematics. Numerical algorithms approximate intractable quantities from computable ones. They estimate integrals from evaluations of the integrand, or the path of a dynamical system described by differential equations from evaluations of the vector field. In other words, they infer a latent quantity from data. This book shows that it is thus formally possible to think of computational routines as learning machines, and to use the notion of Bayesian inference to build more flexible, efficient, or customised algorithms for computation. The text caters for Masters' and PhD students, as well as postgraduate researchers in artificial intelligence, computer science, statistics, and applied mathematics. Extensive background material is provided along with a wealth of figures, worked examples, and exercises (with solutions) to develop intuition.
Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Quezada-Pinedo Hugo G. , Cassel Florian , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Gassmann Max , Huicho Luis , Reiss Irwin K. , Duijts Liesbeth , Gaillard Romy , Vermeulen Marijn J.
Published: June 2022

We studied ethnic differences in terms of iron status during pregnancy between Dutch women and other ethnicities and explore to what extent these differences can be explained by environmental factors. This cross-sectional population-based study (2002–2006) was embedded in the Generation R study and included a total of 4737 pregnant women from seven ethnic groups (Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan, Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, Surinamese-Creole and Antillean). Ethnicity was defined according to the Dutch classification of ethnic background. Ferritin, iron and transferrin were measured in early pregnancy. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 7 %, ranging from 4 % in both Dutch and Surinamese-Creoles, to 18 % in Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese-Hindustani women. Iron overload was most prevalent in Surinamese-Creole (11 %) and Dutch (9 %) women. Socioeconomic factors accounted for 5–36 % of the differences. Income was the strongest socioeconomic factor in the Cape Verdean and Surinamese-Hindustani groups and parity for the Turkish and Moroccan groups. Lifestyle determinants accounted for 8–14 % of the differences. In all groups, the strongest lifestyle factor was folic acid use, being associated with higher iron status. In conclusion, in our population, both iron deficiency and iron overload were common in early pregnancy. Our data suggest that ethnic differences in terms of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors only partly drive the large ethnic differences in iron status. Our data support the development of more specific prevention programmes based on further exploration of socioeconomic inequities, modifiable risk and genetic factors in specific ethnic subgroups, as well as the need for individual screening of iron status before supplementation.
Legalization and Compliance: How Judicial Activity Undercuts the Global Trade Regime
Authors: Kucik Jeffrey , Peritz Lauren , Puig Sergio
Published: June 2022

The crisis facing the World Trade Organization illustrates the trade-off between legalization and compliance in international legal systems. Dispute bodies can sometimes “overreach” in their rulings, leading to resistance from member states. This article looks at one form of legal overreach: the extension of legal precedent. We argue that extending previous decisions can reduce the flexibility that states include deliberately in their agreements. We utilize original data on individual applications of precedent in the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body decisions from 1995 to 2015 and on policy responses to those decisions. We find strong evidence that extending precedent reduces on-time compliance. It also leads to longer delays before members comply. The results speak to the life cycles of international organizations, as well as questions of design and cooperation.
“Full Rights” Feminists in South Asia: Freedom, Equality, and Justice
Authors: Sen Samita
Published: June 2022

Histories of feminism in the past three decades have focused on the debate between equal rights and separate spheres, but have been less attentive to the many strands of socialist feminisms, which sought to build bridges between the women's movement and other social movements for freedom, equality and justice. Dorothy Sue Cobble addresses this gap, exploring the lives and works of social democratic women activists in relation to the equal rights versus separate rights debate. Reflecting the “global turn”, Cobble explores many transnational connections. Picking up on these two themes – socialist feminism and global networks – I focus on the South Asian case.
Black Women Activists: Embracing the Struggle for Intertwined Freedoms on Multiple Fronts
Authors: Richards Yevette
Published: June 2022

Dorothy Cobble's magnificent, sweeping saga of the 100 plus year struggle for “full rights feminism” introduces us to myriad activists who sought common ground in the expansion of civil, political, economic and social rights as the key for raising the standard for working women, and by extension for all of humanity. However, as Cobble notes, some full-rights activists did not measure up to the potential of this feminism. The juxtaposition of the activism of Black full-rights feminists helps expose this fault line of unexamined deep-seated racism, ethnocentrism, and stereotypical thinking that undermined the potential of full-rights feminism. Questions of economic and political democracy shaped the organizing efforts of Black full-rights feminists against disfranchisement, lynching, discrimination in housing, education and employment, and exclusion and segregation from public accommodations. In their transnational work, they supported policies and practices structured by Cold War imperatives, American racism and imperialism, and tensions between democracy and incipient autocracy in the emerging African nations. Cobble's book demonstrates the crucial ways that Black activists working together and with white allies pushed for the expansive promise of full-rights feminism, encompassing both political and economic rights and race and gender justice.
Sequence analyses of mitochondrial gene may support the existence of cryptic species withinAscaridia galli
Authors: Zhao Y. , Lu S.-F. , Li J.
Published: June 2022

Ascaridia galli(Nematoda: Ascaridiidae) is the most common intestinal roundworm of chickens and other birds with a worldwide distribution. AlthoughA.gallihas been extensively studied, knowledge of the genetic variation of this parasite in detail is still insufficient. The present study examined genetic variation in the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene amongA.galliisolates (n= 26) from domestic chickens in Hunan Province, China. A portion of thecox1 (pcox1) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction separately from adultA.galliindividuals and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The length of the sequences of pcox1 is 441 bp. Although the intra-specific sequence variation withinA.galliis 0–7.7%, the inter-specific sequence differences among other members of the infraorder Ascaridomorpha were 11.4–18.9%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the maximum likelihood method using the sequences of pcox1 confirmed that all of theAscaridiaisolates wereA.galli, and also resolved three distinct clades. Taken together, the findings suggest thatA.gallimay represent a complex of cryptic species. Our results provide an additional genetic marker for the management ofA.galliin chickens and other birds.
Risk factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California
Authors: Patterson Laura , Navarro-Gonzalez Nora , Jay-Russell Michele T. , Aminabadi Peiman , Pires Alda F. A.
Published: June 2022

The increasing number of diversified small-scale farms (DSSF) that raise outdoor-based livestock in the USA reflects growing consumer demand for sustainably produced food. Diversified farms are small scale and raise a combination of multiple livestock species and numerous produce varieties. This 2015–2016 cross-sectional study aimed to describe the unique characteristics of DSSF in California, estimate the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in livestock and evaluate the association between risk factors and the presence of STEC in livestock, using generalised linear mixed models. STEC prevalence was 13.62% (76/558). Significant variables in the mixed-effect logistic regression model included daily maximum temperature (OR 0.95; CI95% 0.91–0.98), livestock sample source (cattle (OR 4.61; CI95% 1.64–12.96) and sheep (OR 5.29; CI95% 1.80–15.51)), multiple species sharing the same barn (OR 6.23; CI95% 1.84–21.15) and livestock having contact with wild areas (OR 3.63; CI95% 1.37–9.62). Identification of STEC serogroups of public health concern (e.g. O157:H7, O26, O103) in this study indicated the need for mitigation strategies to ensure food safety by evaluating risk factors and management practices that contribute to the spread and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in a pre-harvest environment on DSSF.
Oxidant system and ABA drive germination in seeds of palm species with differences in desiccation tolerance
Authors: Santos Talita Raissa Silva , Bicalho Elisa Monteze , Garcia Queila Souza
Published: June 2022

We investigated the thermal thresholds to seed germination and the variations in abscisic acid (ABA) levels and oxidative metabolism during seed dormancy-breaking and germination in two palm species with differences in desiccation tolerance. We used Mauritia flexuosa (buriti palm, desiccation-sensitive seeds) from swampy habitats (Veredas) and Attalea speciosa (babassu, desiccation-tolerant seeds) from the transition zone between the forest and semi-arid region (drained soils). Germination was evaluated at 15–40°C after dormancy-breaking (operculum removal). At optimal temperature for both species (30°C), embryos were sampled in distinct germination phases – dry, imbibed, after operculum removal and at early germination – and used for quantifying ABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, antioxidant enzyme activities and for histolocalization of superoxide anion (O2−). Seeds of M. flexuosa germinated only in a narrow temperature range (25–35°C), while A. speciosa seeds germinated between 15 and 40°C. After operculum removal, reduced ABA levels in embryos of M. flexuosa were accompanied by constant H2O2 levels, while in A. speciosa, similar levels of ABA and H2O2 were maintained throughout all germination phases. The presence of O2− was restricted to the haustorium, and an increase in O2− accumulation was observed in both species after operculum removal. Similarities were noted between both species regarding enzyme activities; however, the activities were higher in embryos from M. flexuosa. The presence of O2− only in the haustorium indicates that this region of the embryo is an active structure following imbibition and is involved in germination itself, not just functioning in reserve mobilization.
Uncommemorated Sites of Past Violence as Landscapes of Manhunts
Authors: Sendyka Roma
Published: June 2022

The article discusses uncommemorated sites of violence in the framework of landscape theories. In particular, it asks how the sites of past violence can be understood through the lens of the ‘dynamic’ theory of landscape offered by Tim Ingold in his seminalThe Temporality of the Landscape(1993). The ‘dwelling perspective’ he proposes to understand sites as dynamic ‘taskscapes’ allows us to inscribe past violent actions and engagements of local users into today’s meanings of sites of trauma. This conceptualization is further operationalized in relation to George Chamayoux’ philosophical history of manhunts (or more broadly:cynegeticpractices, 2012). In the article it has been asked: how can a landscape be ‘pregnant with the past’ – as it is claimed in Ingold’s approach – if the past actions involved tracking, hunting and killing people who tried to escape death in ghettos or camps? How can we ‘read the past’, ‘remember it’ or ‘call back an internal image’ of previous actions developed in the area, if the activity co-constituted an act of genocide? Are we able to read today the past threat of a perpetrator–predator searching for victims, and, if so, with what tools? Can environmental studies help us to understand the uncanny relation to landscapes that connote past manhunts, and violent deaths on killing sites? The author will propose the concept ofcynegetic landscapesto approach landscapes of manhunts.
Dietary quality of school meals and packed lunches: a national study of primary and secondary schoolchildren in the UK
Authors: Haney Erin , Parnham Jennie C , Chang Kiara , Laverty Anthony A , von Hinke Stephanie , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , White Martin , Millett Christopher , Vamos Eszter P
Published: June 2022

Objective:

School lunches represent a key opportunity to improve diets and health of schoolchildren. No recent nationally representative studies have examined the nutritional differences between school meals and packed lunches in the UK. This study aimed to characterise and compare the nutritional quality of school meals and packed lunches among primary and secondary school-age children.

Design:

A pooled cross-sectional analysis of the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2017).

Setting:

United Kingdom.

Participants:

3001 children (aged 4–16 years) who completed a 3/4-d food diary which recorded meal type (school meal/packed lunch). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations of meeting food and nutrient recommendations by meal type. Analyses were stratified by academic key stages (KS).

Results:

KS-1 (4–7 years) and 2 (8–11 years) children consuming school meals were more likely to meet minimum recommendations for vegetables, protein-rich foods and fibre, and not exceed maximum recommendations for salt, savoury and sweet snacks compared with pupils consuming packed lunches. However, in KS-3 (12–14 years) and 4 (14–16 years), these effects were reduced. As children aged, the median weight of fruits, vegetables, protein-rich foods and dairy products consumed typically decreased for both school meals and packed lunches, and generally an increasing proportion of school meals contained sweet and savoury snacks.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest school meals are nutritionally superior to packed lunches but are not yet optimal. Quality declined at higher KS. Actions to improve lunches of primary and secondary schoolchildren across the UK are needed, with attention to KS-3 and 4 in secondary schools.
Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018
Authors: Huang Yuru , Burgoine Thomas , Theis Dolly RZ , Adams Jean
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To quantify the sector-wide energy and nutritional differences of both adult and children’s restaurant menu items in the UK and the USA in 2018.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Energy and nutritional information provided on restaurant websites.

Participants:

Menu items (n 40 902) served by forty-two large UK chains and ninety-six large USA chains.

Results:

Mean absolute energy, fat and saturated fat values were higher in USA menu items. For example, the mean adjusted per-item differences of adult menu items between the USA and the UK were 45·6 kcal for energy and 3·2 g for fat. Comparable figures for children’s menu items were 43·7 kcal and 4 g. Compared with UK menu items, USA adult menu items also had higher sugar content (3·2 g, 95 % CI (0·5, 6)), and children’s menu items had higher Na content (181·1 mg, 95 % CI (108·4, 253·7)). Overall, 96·8 % of UK and 95·8 % of USA menu items exceeded recommended levels for at least one of Na, fat, saturated fat or sugars.

Conclusions:

Menu items served by large chain restaurants had higher mean absolute levels of energy, fat and saturated fat in the USA compared with the UK. UK adult menu items were also lower in sugars compared with the USA ones and children’s items lower in Na. As more than 95 % of all items were considered to have high levels of at least one nutrient of public health concern in the USA and the UK, improvements in restaurant menu items are needed in both countries.
Atmospheric entry of sub-millimetre-sized grains into Mars atmosphere: white soft mineral micrometeoroids
Authors: Micca Longo Gaia , Longo Savino
Published: June 2022

In this work, we study the passage through the Martian atmosphere of micrometeorites with a white soft mineral (WSM) composition, which have been proposed as transporters of organic molecules in the solar system. The atmospheric entry model includes the dynamics of the atmospheric entry and the physico-chemical aspects of the thermal decomposition process. The results show that, due to the reduced entry speed, Mars may have been a promising collector of matter in this form. In particular, the chemical decomposition process is much more effective than in the case of the Earth's atmosphere in maintaining a moderate temperature of the micrometeorite during most of the entry process.
Measurement Invariance of the Short Dark Tetrad Across Cultures and	Genders
Authors: Blötner Christian , Webster Gregory D. , Wongsomboon Val
Published: June 2022

Abstract: The last two decades revealed a plethora of scientific examinations on the Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) and Dark Tetrad traits (Dark Triad + sadism) in a variety of contexts. Short scales for the assessment of these traits have been very influential and widely used. Building upon previous research, the 28-item Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) was introduced as a measure for the assessment of the Dark Tetrad traits. A recent study found that the SD4 is invariant across genders, but little is known concerning invariance across cultures. Therefore, we tested measurement invariance (MI) between German and US participants. Additionally, we replicated extant findings on MI across genders. The analyses suggested configural MI across cultures, metric MI between genders in a US sample, and scalar MI across genders in a German sample. To address that the SD4 revealed only a modest fit in the samples, we further computed Exploratory Structural Equation Models. Those were mostly consistent with the original model structure and indicated that adding marginal cross-loadings among the factors accounts for enhanced model fit. Possible explanations for the findings related to MI were discussed.
The Climate and Ozone Impacts of Black Carbon Emissions From Global Rocket Launches
Authors: Maloney Christopher M , Portmann Robert W , Ross Martin N , Rosenlof Karen H
Published: June 2022

Aerosol emissions from spaceflight activities play a small but increasing role in the background stratospheric aerosol population. Rockets used by the global launch industry emit black carbon (BC) particles directly into the stratosphere where they accumulate, absorb solar radiation, and warm the surrounding air. We model the chemical and dynamical response of the atmosphere to northern mid‐latitude rocket BC emissions. We initially examine emissions at a rate of 10 Gg per year, which is an order of magnitude larger than current emissions, but consistent with extrapolations of space traffic growth several decades into the future. We also perform runs at 30 and 100 Gg per year in order to better delineate the atmosphere's response to rocket BC emissions. We show that a 10 Gg/yr rocket BC emission increases stratospheric temperatures by as much as 1.5 K in the stratosphere. Changes in global circulation also occur. For example, the annual subtropical jet wind speeds slow down by as much as 5 m/s, while a 10%–20% weakening of the overturning circulation occurs in the northern hemisphere during multiple seasons. Warming temperatures lead to a ozone reduction in the northern hemisphere by as much as 16 DU in some months. The climate response increases in a near linear fashion when looking at larger 30 and 100 Gg emission scenarios. Comparing the amplitude of the atmospheric response using different emission rates provides insight into stratospheric adjustment and feedback mechanisms. Our results show that the stratosphere is sensitive to relatively modest BC injections.
Unraveling Forest Complexity: Resource Use Efficiency, Disturbance, and the Structure‐Function Relationship
Authors: Murphy Bailey A. , May Jacob A. , Butterworth Brian J. , Andresen Christian G. , Desai Ankur R.
Published: June 2022

Structurally complex forests optimize resources to assimilate carbon more effectively, leading to higher productivity. Information obtained from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)‐derived canopy structural complexity (CSC) metrics across spatial scales serves as a powerful indicator of ecosystem‐scale functions such as gross primary productivity (GPP). However, our understanding of mechanistic links between forest structure and function, and the impact of disturbance on the relationship, is limited. Here, we paired eddy covariance measurements of carbon and water fluxes from nine forested sites within the 10 × 10 km CHEESEHEAD19 study domain in Northern Wisconsin, USA with drone LiDAR measurements of CSC to establish which CSC metrics were strong drivers of GPP, and tested potential mediators of the relationship. Mechanistic relationships were inspected at five resolutions (0.25, 2, 10, 25, and 50 m) to determine whether relationships persisted with scale. Vertical heterogeneity metrics were the most influential in predicting productivity for forests with a significant degree of heterogeneity in management, forest type, and species composition. CSC metrics included in the structure‐function relationship as well as driver strength was dependent on metric calculation resolution. The relationship was mediated by light use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE), with WUE being a stronger mediator and driver of GPP. These findings allow us to improve representation in ecosystem models of how CSC impacts light and water‐sensitive processes, and ultimately GPP. Improved models enhance our capacity to accurately simulate forest responses to management, furthering our ability to assess climate mitigation strategies.
Mid-infrared III–V semiconductor lasers epitaxially grown on Si substrates
Authors: Tournié Eric , Monge Bartolome Laura , Rio Calvo Marta , Loghmari Zeineb , Díaz-Thomas Daniel A. , Teissier Roland , Baranov Alexei N. , Cerutti Laurent , Rodriguez Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2022

There is currently much activity toward the integration of mid-infrared semiconductor lasers on Si substrates for developing a variety of smart, compact, sensors based on Si-photonics integrated circuits. We review this rapidly-evolving research field, focusing on the epitaxial integration of antimonide lasers, the only technology covering the whole mid-to-far-infrared spectral range. We explain how a dedicated molecular-beam epitaxy strategy allows for achieving high-performance GaSb-based diode lasers, InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers, and InAs/GaInSb interband cascade lasers by direct growth on on-axis (001)Si substrates, whereas GaAs-on-Si or GaSb-on-Si layers grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy in large capability epitaxy tools are suitable templates for antimonide laser overgrowth. We also show that etching the facets of antimonide lasers grown on Si is a viable approach in view of photonic integrated circuits. Remarkably, this review shows that while diode lasers are sensitive to residual crystal defects, the quantum cascade and interband cascade lasers grown on Si exhibit performances comparable to those of similar devices grown on their native substrates, due to their particular band structures and radiative recombination channels. Long device lifetimes have been extrapolated for interband cascade lasers. Finally, routes to be further explored are also presented.
Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation
Authors: Xiang Jinlong , Tao Zhiyuan , Li Xingfeng , Zhao Yaotian , He Yu , Guo Xuhan , Su Yikai
Published: June 2022

On-chip spatial mode operation, represented as mode-division multiplexing (MDM), can support high-capacity data communications and promise superior performance in various systems and numerous applications from optical sensing to nonlinear and quantum optics. However, the scalability of state-of-the-art mode manipulation techniques is significantly hindered not only by the particular mode-order-oriented design strategy but also by the inherent limitations of possibly achievable mode orders. Recently, metamaterials capable of providing subwavelength-scale control of optical wavefronts have emerged as an attractive alternative to manipulate guided modes with compact footprints and broadband functionalities. Herein, we propose a universal yet efficient design framework based on the topological metamaterial building block (BB), enabling the excitation of arbitrary high-order spatial modes in silicon waveguides. By simply programming the layout of multiple fully etched dielectric metamaterial perturbations with predefined mathematical formulas, arbitrary high-order mode conversion and mode exchange can be simultaneously realized with uniform and competitive performance. The extraordinary scalability of the metamaterial BB frame is experimentally benchmarked by a record high-order mode operator up to the twentieth. As a proof of conceptual application, an 8-mode MDM data transmission of 28-GBaud 16-QAM optical signals is also verified with an aggregate data rate of 813 Gb/s (7% FEC). This user-friendly metamaterial BB concept marks a quintessential breakthrough for comprehensive manipulation of spatial light on-chip by breaking the long-standing shackles on the scalability, which may open up fascinating opportunities for complex photonic functionalities previously inaccessible.
The SWI/SNF ATPase BRG1 facilitates multiple pro-tumorigenic gene expression programs in SMARCB1-deficient cancer cells
Authors: Moe Kylie C. , Maxwell Jack N. , Wang Jing , Jones Cheyenne A. , Csaki Grace T. , Florian Andrea C. , Romer Alexander S. , Bryant Daniel L. , Farone Anthony L. , Liu Qi , Tansey William P. , Weissmiller April M.
Published: June 2022

Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is driven by the loss of the SNF5 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and then thought to be maintained by residual SWI/SNF (rSWI/SNF) complexes that remain present in the absence of SNF5. rSWI/SNF subunits colocalize extensively on chromatin with the transcription factor MYC, an oncogene identified as a novel driver of MRT. Currently, the role of rSWI/SNF in modulating MYC activity has neither been delineated nor has a direct link between rSWI/SNF and other oncogenes been uncovered. Here, we expose the connection between rSWI/SNF and oncogenic processes using a well-characterized chemical degrader to deplete the SWI/SNF ATPase, BRG1. Using a combination of gene expression and chromatin accessibility assays we show that rSWI/SNF complexes facilitate MYC target gene expression. We also find that rSWI/SNF maintains open chromatin at sites associated with hallmark cancer genes linked to the AP-1 transcription factor, suggesting that AP-1 may drive oncogenesis in MRT. Interestingly, changes in MYC target gene expression are not overtly connected to the chromatin remodeling function of rSWI/SNF, revealing multiple mechanisms used by rSWI/SNF to control transcription. This work provides an understanding of how residual SWI/SNF complexes may converge on multiple oncogenic processes when normal SWI/SNF function is impaired.
Initial findings on RESTORE for healthcare workers: an internet-delivered intervention for COVID-19-related mental health symptoms
Authors: Trottier Kathryn , Monson Candice M. , Kaysen Debra , Wagner Anne C. , Liebman Rachel E. , Abbey Susan E.
Published: June 2022

Many healthcare workers on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing clinical levels of mental health symptoms. Evidence-based interventions to address these symptoms are urgently needed. RESTORE (Recovering from Extreme Stressors Through Online Resources and E-health) is an online guided transdiagnostic intervention including cognitive-behavioral interventions. It was specifically designed to improve symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with COVID-19-related traumatic and extreme stressors. The aims of the present study were to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of RESTORE in healthcare workers on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an initial uncontrolled trial of RESTORE in 21 healthcare workers who were exposed to COVID-19-related traumatic or extremely stressful experiences in the context of their work and who screened positive for clinical levels of anxiety, depression, and/or PTSD symptoms. RESTORE was found to be feasible and safe, and led to statistically significant and large effect size improvements in anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms over the course of the intervention through follow-up. RESTORE has the potential to become a widely disseminable evidence-based intervention to address mental health symptoms associated with mass traumas.

Clinical Trials Registration: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04873622
2022 Malaysian Working Group Consensus Statement on Renal Denervation for management of arterial hypertension
Authors: Chia Yook Chin , Wan Ahmad Wan Azman , Fong Alan Yean Yip , Rosman Azhari , Abdul Rahman Abdul Rashid , Choo Gim Hooi , Lim Soo Kun , Abu Bakar Mohammad Zawawi , Ong Tiong Kiam
Published: June 2022

Hypertension is highly prevalent and a major contributor to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In spite of the availability of efficacious, safe and affordable anti-hypertensive drugs, hypertension remains poorly controlled in the majority of hypertensive patients. Various reasons including non-adherence to the anti-hypertensive drugs, account for the poor control. Resistant hypertension is also one of the reasons for poor control of blood pressure (BP). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has long been recognized as one of the determinants in the pathophysiology of a raised BP. Overactivity of the SNS is a contributor to sustained arterial hypertension. Renal denervation (RDN) is increasingly recognized as a safe and effective adjunctive therapy to control BP with or without pharmacotherapy. Hence for patients who remain uncontrolled despite all efforts, renal denervation (RDN) is a novel treatment that can potentially improve BP control, hence reducing the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). More recent randomized, sham control trials of RDN have shown that RDN produces a sustained lowering of BP. To date, this lowering of BP through RDN is maintained for at least 3 years. Furthermore, this procedure has been found to be safe. Hence this consensus summarises the science behind RDN and the available clinical data to support the use of this therapy. It is hoped that this consensus will offer guidance on the importance of identifying patients who will benefit most from this therapy. A multidisciplinary team approach in the management of the patient undergoing RDN is recommended.
Persister state-directed transitioning and vulnerability in melanoma
Authors: Chauvistré Heike , Shannan Batool , Daignault-Mill Sheena M. , Ju Robert J. , Picard Daniel , Egetemaier Stefanie , Váraljai Renáta , Gibhardt Christine S. , Sechi Antonio , Kaschani Farnusch , Keminer Oliver , Stehbens Samantha J. , Liu Qin , Yin Xiangfan , Jeyakumar Kirujan , Vogel Felix C. E. , Krepler Clemens , Rebecca Vito W. , Kubat Linda , Lueong Smiths S. , Forster Jan , Horn Susanne , Remke Marc , Ehrmann Michael , Paschen Annette , Becker Jürgen C. , Helfrich Iris , Rauh Daniel , Kaiser Markus , Gul Sheraz , Herlyn Meenhard , Bogeski Ivan , Rodríguez-López José Neptuno , Haass Nikolas K. , Schadendorf Dirk , Roesch Alexander
Published: June 2022

Melanoma is a highly plastic tumor characterized by dynamic interconversion of different cell identities depending on the biological context. Melanoma cells with high expression of the H3K4 demethylase KDM5B (JARID1B) rest in a slow-cycling, yet reversible persister state. Over time, KDM5Bhigh cells can promote rapid tumor repopulation with equilibrated KDM5B expression heterogeneity. The cellular identity of KDM5Bhigh persister cells has not been studied so far, missing an important cell state-directed treatment opportunity in melanoma. Here, we have established a doxycycline-titratable system for genetic induction of permanent intratumor expression of KDM5B and screened for chemical agents that phenocopy this effect. Transcriptional profiling and cell functional assays confirmed that the dihydropyridine 2-phenoxyethyl 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-quinoline-3-carboxylate (termed Cpd1) supports high KDM5B expression and directs melanoma cells towards differentiation along the melanocytic lineage and to cell cycle-arrest. The high KDM5B state additionally prevents cell proliferation through negative regulation of cytokinetic abscission. Moreover, treatment with Cpd1 promoted the expression of the melanocyte-specific tyrosinase gene specifically sensitizing melanoma cells for the tyrosinase-processed antifolate prodrug 3-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-(–)-epicatechin (TMECG). In summary, our study provides proof-of-concept for a dual hit strategy in melanoma, in which persister state-directed transitioning limits tumor plasticity and primes melanoma cells towards lineage-specific elimination.
Full reconstruction of simplicial complexes from binary contagion and Ising data
Authors: Wang Huan , Ma Chuang , Chen Han-Shuang , Lai Ying-Cheng , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: June 2022

Previous efforts on data-based reconstruction focused on complex networks with pairwise or two-body interactions. There is a growing interest in networks with higher-order or many-body interactions, raising the need to reconstruct such networks based on observational data. We develop a general framework combining statistical inference and expectation maximization to fully reconstruct 2-simplicial complexes with two- and three-body interactions based on binary time-series data from two types of discrete-state dynamics. We further articulate a two-step scheme to improve the reconstruction accuracy while significantly reducing the computational load. Through synthetic and real-world 2-simplicial complexes, we validate the framework by showing that all the connections can be faithfully identified and the full topology of the 2-simplicial complexes can be inferred. The effects of noisy data or stochastic disturbance are studied, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed framework.
The genomic landscape of cholangiocarcinoma reveals the disruption of post-transcriptional modifiers
Authors: Zhang Yaodong , Ma Zijian , Li Changxian , Wang Cheng , Jiang Wangjie , Chang Jiang , Han Sheng , Lu Zefa , Shao Zicheng , Wang Yirui , Wang Hongwei , Jiao Chenyu , Wang Dong , Wu Xiaofeng , Shen Hongbing , Wang Xuehao , Hu Zhibin , Li Xiangcheng
Published: June 2022

Molecular variation between geographical populations and subtypes indicate potential genomic heterogeneity and novel genomic features within CCA. Here, we analyze exome-sequencing data of 87 perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and 261 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) cases from 3 Asian centers (including 43 pCCAs and 24 iCCAs from our center). iCCA tumours demonstrate a higher tumor mutation burden and copy number alteration burden (CNAB) than pCCA tumours, and high CNAB indicates a poorer pCCA prognosis. We identify 12 significantly mutated genes and 5 focal CNA regions, and demonstrate common mutations in post-transcriptional modification-related potential driver genes METTL14 and RBM10 in pCCA tumours. Finally we demonstrate the tumour-suppressive role of METTL14, a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase (m6A), and illustrate that its loss-of-function mutation R298H may act through m6A modification on potential driver gene MACF1. Our results may be valuable for better understanding of how post-transcriptional modification can affect CCA development, and highlight both similarities and differences between pCCA and iCCA.
The androgen receptor is a therapeutic target in desmoplastic small round cell sarcoma
Authors: Lamhamedi-Cherradi Salah-Eddine , Maitituoheti Mayinuer , Menegaz Brian A. , Krishnan Sandhya , Vetter Amelia M. , Camacho Pamela , Wu Chia-Chin , Beird Hannah C. , Porter Robert W. , Ingram Davis R. , Ramamoorthy Vandhana , Mohiuddin Sana , McCall David , Truong Danh D. , Cuglievan Branko , Futreal P. Andrew , Velasco Alejandra Ruiz , Anvar Nazanin Esmaeili , Utama Budi , Titus Mark , Lazar Alexander J. , Wang Wei-Lien , Rodriguez-Aguayo Cristian , Ratan Ravin , Livingston J. Andrew , Rai Kunal , MacLeod A. Robert , Daw Najat C. , Hayes-Jordan Andrea , Ludwig Joseph A.
Published: June 2022

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive, usually incurable sarcoma subtype that predominantly occurs in post-pubertal young males. Recent evidence suggests that the androgen receptor (AR) can promote tumor progression in DSRCTs. However, the mechanism of AR-induced oncogenic stimulation remains undetermined. Herein, we demonstrate that enzalutamide and AR-directed antisense oligonucleotides (AR-ASO) block 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced DSRCT cell proliferation and reduce xenograft tumor burden. Gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) were performed to elucidate how AR signaling regulates cellular epigenetic programs. Remarkably, ChIP-seq revealed novel DSRCT-specific AR DNA binding sites adjacent to key oncogenic regulators, including WT1 (the C-terminal partner of the pathognomonic fusion protein) and FOXF1. Additionally, AR occupied enhancer sites that regulate the Wnt pathway, neural differentiation, and embryonic organ development, implicating AR in dysfunctional cell lineage commitment. Our findings have direct clinical implications given the widespread availability of FDA-approved androgen-targeted agents used for prostate cancer.