bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais e fatores de risco de parasitismo em gatos domésticos urbanos de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
Authors: Pivoto Felipe Lamberti , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Vogel Fernanda Silveira Flores , Botton Sônia de Avila , Sangioni Luis Antonio
Published: July 2013

Neste trabalho, verificou-se a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em gatos urbanos domiciliados no município de Santa Maria, RS, no período de março a junho de 2011. Além disso, foram avaliados os fatores de riscos relacionados com a infecção dos parasitos gastrointestinais. Coletou-se 191 amostras de fezes de felinos para a realização de exames coproparasitológico e aplicado um questionário epidemiológico aos proprietários, contendo questões relativas aos hábitos e manejo dos seus animais. Das amostras fecais analisadas, 47,1% (90/191) foram positivas para um ou mais parasitas gastrointestinais, sendo 33,5% (64/191) identificadas como mono-infecção e 13,6% (26/191) como multi-infecção. Toxocara spp. (18,8%) e Giardia spp. (4,2%) foram os principais parasitos encontrados na mono-infecção. Na multi-infecção, as principais associações de parasitos detectadas incluíram: Ancylostoma spp. + Toxocara spp. (3,1%) e Cystoisospora spp. + Cryptosporidium spp. + Giardia spp. + Toxoplasma spp. + Toxocara spp. (1,5%). Os dados epidemiológicos foram submetidos ao teste qui-quadrado, Fischer, análise da relação de chances (OR), também analisada a relação entre os diferentes fatores epidemiológicos e a presença de parasitos gastrointestinais (P>0,05). Os principais fatores de risco identificados foram: a escolaridade dos proprietários e a frequência de realização de tratamentos antiparasitários, os quais exerceram influência direta na ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais. Os dados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento da epidemiologia das parasitoses gastrointestinais, bem como poderão auxiliar médicos veterinários e proprietários na elaboração de estratégias de controle e profilaxia antiparasitária para gatos domésticos.
Recrutamento político
Authors: Norris Pippa
Published: July 2013

O objetivo principal deste artigo é apresentar uma breve revisão da literatura sobre recrutamento político e oferecer alguns critérios empíricos para análise. A partir de uma perspectiva integrada, nos estabelecemos um modelo de análise que trabalha com a estrutural social e as instituições políticas. O modelo de oferta e demanda foi mobilizado para relacionar os inputs do background social e as possíveis consequências nas instituições. Os dados apresentados provém de uma diversidade de fontes e privilegiaram os processos de inclusão de mulheres em diferentes tipos de democracias e sociedades. Os resultados mostram que somente através da interação da estrutural social com as demandas institucionais é possível conhecer o resultado final da representatividade e os filtros do recrutamento político. Além disso, os dados nos permitiram desvendar um incremento da participação das bases sociais do partido no processo de nominação de candidatos. Concluímos que o processo de seleção de candidatos é uma das mais técnicas e privadas funções dos partidos políticos. O aumento da oferta e o estreitamento da demanda tem promovido uma série de consequências para a democracia representativa, como a inserção de mulheres ao mesmo tempo em que se profissionalizam os partidos políticos..
Consuming heritage: counter-uses of the city and gentrification
Authors: Leite Rogerio Proença
Published: July 2013

Based on research in the old Recife Quarter in the city of Recife, capital of Pernambuco state, Brazil, this study examines processes of gentrification in areas of heritage value. The article focuses on the way in which these urban policies have transformed cultural heritage into a commodity, and urban space into social relationships mediated by consumerism. I argue that heritage sites that undergo processes of gentrification create strong spatial segregation and generate an appropriation of space by the excluded population that takes the form of counter-uses, undermining the uses imagined by urban and heritage policy makers.
Anthropology in the museum reflections on the curatorship of the Xikrin Collection
Authors: Silva Fabíola A. , Gordon Cesar
Published: July 2013

This article reflects upon the curatorial management process of the Xikrin ethnographic collection and proposes the importance of anthropological interest in the deepening collaboration amongst anthropologists, indigenous peoples and museums, with particular attention to the anthropological study of ethnographic collections. This is true for the anthropological study of objects (and their various meanings and interpretations by the social actors who utilize and appropriate them) and for the understanding of the formation and conservation of ethnographic collections (with their diverse motivations and contexts). Since this type of shared curatorial management style is only now spreading throughout Brazil, the experience is a timely opportunity to develop nuanced perspectives on the anthropological significance of ethnographic collections.
Visible art, invisible artists? the incorporation of aboriginal objects and knowledge in Australian museums
Authors: Goldstein Ilana Seltzer
Published: July 2013

The creative power and the economic valorization of Indigenous Australian arts tend to surprise outsiders who come into contact with it. Since the 1970s Australia has seen the development of a system connecting artist cooperatives, support policies and commercial galleries. This article focuses on one particular aspect of this system: the gradual incorporation of Aboriginal objects and knowledge by the country's museums. Based on the available bibliography and my own fieldwork in 2010, I present some concrete examples and discuss the paradox of the omnipresence of Aboriginal art in Australian public space. After all this is a country that as late as the nineteenth century allowed any Aborigine close to a white residence to be shot, and which until the 1970s removed Indigenous children from their families for them to be raised by nuns or adopted by white people. Even today the same public enchanted by the indigenous paintings held in the art galleries of Sydney or Melbourne has little actual contact with people of Indigenous descent.
Cuidado ao adolescente na atenção básica: necessidades dos usuários e sua relação com o serviço
Authors: Marques Juliana Freitas , Queiroz Maria Veraci Oliveira
Published: July 2013

Estudo qualitativo, do tipo descritivo, com o objetivo de analisar o cuidado ao adolescente na atenção básica na visão destes sujeitos, enfocando necessidades e interação com os trabalhadores de saúde. Foram realizados grupos focais com 15 adolescentes, estudantes de uma escola pública de Fortaleza-CE, entre agosto e outubro de 2009. A análise dos dados agrupou núcleos temáticos, conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram as categorias: necessidades dos adolescentes implicadas no acesso e acolhimento dos adolescentes no serviço de atenção básica: (des)encontros; vínculo entre adolescentes e trabalhadores: ensejando confiabilidade no cuidado produzido. Os adolescentes relataram insatisfação quanto ao cuidado recebido, desvelando a relação superficial com a equipe de saúde. O cuidado mostrou-se ainda com pontos críticos entre as necessidades apontadas e a efetivação de ações que permitam incluir os adolescentes como sujeitos de direitos que necessitam de atenção semelhante a outros segmentos populacionais.
Habitat preferences and movement of adult yellowfishes in the Vaal River, South Africa
Authors: O'Brien Gordon C. , Jacobs Francois , Cronje Linda , Wepener Victor , Smit Nicholas J.
Published: July 2013

The yellowfishes of the Vaal River (Labeobarbus kimberleyensis and L. aeneus) are charismatic, socially and economically important fishes, but very little is known about their interspecies habitat preferences and movement. This study is the first behavioural study of yellowfish in the Vaal River using radio transmitters to characterise habitat preferences and movement patterns. A total of 22 adult L. kimberleyensis and 13 adult L. aeneus individuals were tracked for between 1 month and 1 year from 23 September 2006 to 16 May 2010. Radio telemetry revealed that yellowfish established routine daily behavioural patterns through which the habitat preferences and movement of the species could be established. Home ranges of the yellowfish ranged from 1 km to more than 12 km in the Vaal River depending on the species and habitat availability. Habitat preferences varied between species and included deep slow-flowing habitats with associated cover features particularly in winter for L. kimberleyensis and shallow fast-flowing habitats particularly for L. aeneus in spring, summer and autumn. Changes in flows, habitat availability and atmospheric pressure affected the movement of yellowfish. The biology and ecology of the yellowfish in the Vaal River is noticeably more complicated and dynamic than previously documented. We recommend that the behavioural ecology of these and other yellowfish populations in the Vaal River should continue to be characterised, and the use of the movement of yellowfish be developed as an indicator of ecosystem change.
Seismic performance evaluation for gravity-designed flat plate frames
Authors: Han Sang Whan , Lee Chang Seok , Kwon Hyun Wook
Published: July 2013

Most existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in regions of low and moderate seismicity have been designed only considering gravity loads. Gravity-designed RC flat plate frames may be more vulnerable than RC frames with beams and columns owing to the potential for abrupt and brittle punching shear failure at slab–column connections. This study evaluates the seismic performance of gravity-designed three- and seven-storey flat plate frames, which were assumed to be located at sites having low, moderate and high seismic risks. An analytic model for simulating the hysteretic behaviour of slab–column connections obtained from experiments was proposed. It was found that the level of gravity load as measured by the gravity shear ratio significantly affects the inelastic behaviour of flat plate frames. The frames satisfied the basic safety objective (BSO) specified in AISC 41 subjected to ground motions at the Boston site, but not at the Seattle and LA sites.
Self-Efficacy and Postpartum Teaching: A Replication Study
Authors: Logsdon M. Cynthia , Eckert Diane , Tomasulo Roselyn , Myers John
Published: July 2013

Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in 13% of new mothers internationally, but many do not receive treatment. In the Western world, hospital-based perinatal nurses have extended contact with new mothers and are in a unique position to teach them to recognize symptoms of and seek treatment for PPD. In this replication study framed by self-efficacy theory, teaching new mothers about PPD was predicted by a nurse’s self-efficacy related to PPD teaching, expectations for teaching from supervisor, PPD continuing education, teaching experience on other topics, and experience with observing other nurses teaching patients about PPD. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of the climate created by the nursing supervisor in which teaching about PPD is expected and facilitators of effective patient teaching are available.
The linear relationship between growth traits of Sharplanina lambs in extensive farming practices
Authors: Caro-Petrovic V. , Petrovic M.P. , Petrovic M.M. , Ilic Zoran , Stojkovic J. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Maksimovic N.
Published: July 2013

The fastest phase of growth, observed in young animals, is often assumed to
be linear, and linear regressions or ratios between BW gain and time are used
to model growth. However, growth curves, due to their flexibility, are likely
to be more suitable to describe even early growth. The research was performed
in the region of Sharplanina Mountain in the population of the local
Sarplanina breed of sheep. The following traits of lambs were considered:
BWB, BW30, BW60 and BW90. Statistical analysis was conducted using the
Pearson?s correlation and multivariate linear regression model. This involved
computing all possible and the best subset regression equation. Each equation
was then assessed by its coefficient of determination (R2) and the constant
based on the number of variable that used for the prediction. Results showed
that weight of lambs from birth to weaning increased by about six times.
Specifically lambs achieved an average total gain of 17.66 kg, or 196 g per
day. There were a very significant correlation (P<0.01) between BWB and BW30,
BW60 and BW90. Likewise, shown a very significant correlation (P<0.01)
between BW30-BW60, BW30- BW90 and BW60-BW90. Also shown the coefficient of
multiple determinations (R-squared R2) was 0.507 which means that 50.7% of
the variance BW90, determined variance of the predictor variables represented
in the model. Adjusted coefficient of multiple determination (adjusted R2) is
0.506 which means that 50.6% of the variance BW90, determined variance of the
predictor variables that are in the model. Any increase in weight of lambs
during the observed period of age is associated with an increase of dependent
variable BW90. In particular, any increase in BW30 to 1 kg, is associated
with an increase in BW90 to 1.928 kg.
The effect of breed, boar and season on some properties of sperm
Authors: Savic R. , Petrovic M. , Radojkovic D. , Radovic C. , Parunovic N.
Published: July 2013

The main objective of this study was to assess the phenotypic variability of
the ejaculate volume (VOL) and progressive sperm motility (MO) under the
influence of breed, boar within breed and season. The study included 555
ejaculates of Danish Landrace (DL), Danish Large White (DLW) and Danish Duroc
(DD) boars. The effect of boar was analyzed within the investigated breeds.
The impact of the season was investigated as the influence of the month in
which the ejaculate was taken. The model included a linear regression effect
of boar age when the semen was taken. Data analysis was performed using the
statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc.., 2002-2003). Impact assessment
was carried out using the GLM procedure. The impact of all factors analyzed
in both sperm traits was significant to highly significant, and the observed
factors largely explain the phenotypic variability VOL compared to MO. The
highest values were found in VOL of DL boar (3:58 ? 164.96 ml), and the MO of
boar breed DLW (85.45 ? 0.94%). Boars DD had VOL and MO below the averages of
all analyzed breeds. Between boars within studied genotypes differences were
established (p <0.05, p <0.05, p <0.01 p <0.001) and a boar of DLW breed
compared to all tested boars had the highest volume of ejaculate sperm with
progressive motility of 90.47%. Volume, or mobility varied (p <0.01 or p
<0.05) influenced by season, and in September and October boars had
ejaculates with the VOL values above average and the lowest MO. Since most
VOL and MO above the annual average in June, it was possible to get the
highest number of doses per ejaculate with optimal reproductive/fertile
ability.
The effect of transportation on broiler meat pH and tenderness
Authors: Lengkey H.A.W. , Siwi J.A. , Edianingsih P. , Nangoy F.J.
Published: July 2013

180 broilers, five weeks old broilers were used to asses the effect of
transportation on broiler meat pH and tenderness, has been carried in
Bandung, Indonesia. Using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with five
levels (P-0 slaughter at the farm, P-1 one hour transportation before
slaughter, P-2 two hours transportation before slaughter, P-3 three hours
transportation before slaughter, and P-4 four hours transportation before
slaughter) and four times replications. Results indicated the meat pH are
between 6.33 - 6.63. Even the result shows that the pH values increase when
the transportation time more longer, but this results are between the normal
meat pH (between 5.2 - 6.6). The meat tenderness were between 124.75 - 176.50
mm/g/10 sec. The meat tenderness was decreased when the transportation was
prolonged.
Spatial distributions of airborne dust in a cows barn exposed to influence of different ventilation rates
Authors: Topisirovic G. , Petrovic D.V. , Maletic R.
Published: July 2013

Information on the concentration of dust particles is an important
microclimate parameter that characterizes the local environmental quality of
each livestock building. Increased concentration of dust particles primarily
affects the indoor air quality and, consequently, the animal and workers
health. Among many others, ventilation rate is a vital parameter that
controls the spatial distribution of airborne dust particles in livestock
buildings. This was the main motive for authors of this paper to research the
influence of rotation rate of under-roof axial fans (i.e. the air flow rate)
on airborne dust particles distribution crossover the barn specified for tied
cows breeding. During a series of performed experiments, six different air
flow rates have been maintained in the range between 0 m3?h-1 and 48000
m3?h-1. Flow rate has been controlled by special electronic control unit,
which provided six different rotation rates of two under-roof fans, including
the neutral regime (natural ventilation only). Measurements have been
performed at four typical height levels (0,5 m; 1,0 m; 1,5 m and 2,0 m),
cross-over the three lateral and four longitudinal characteristic building
sections. Consequently, 48 measuring points were appropriately selected, in
order to cover the indoor space in adequate way. Comparative analysis of air
flow velocities and dust concentrations showed that this fan setup may give
satisfactory results under adequate operational regime. Certain working
regimes were recommended for use, and the third rotation rate step,
generating the airflow of 37300 m3?h-1 or indoor air exchange level of
approximately 25 h-1, has been found as the most suitable. Projekat
Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31086: Optimization of
technological procedures and zoo-technical resources on farmsin purpose of
milk production sustainability improvement, br. TR 31051: Improvement of
biotechnological procedures as a function of rational utilizationof energy,
agricultural products productivity and quality increase, br. III46009:
Improvement and development new technological procedures in production
ofanimal products, to achieve high quality and safe competitive products
inmarket i br. OI 174011: Dynamical stability and instability of mechanical
systems exposed to stochasticdisturbances
The A-test: Assessment of functional recovery during early rehabilitation of patients in an orthopedic ward - content, criterion and construct validity
Authors: Vukomanovic Aleksandra , Djurovic Aleksandar , Popovic Zoran , Pejovic Vesna
Published: July 2013

Background/Aim. The A-test was designed for assessment of functional recovery
during early rehabilitation of patients in an orthopedic ward. This
performance-based test consists of 10 items for assessing basic activities by
a six level ordinal scale (0-5). Total scores can range from 0 to 50, i.e.
from inability to perform any activity despite the help of therapists to
complete independence and safety in performing all activities. The aim of
this study was to examine the A-test validity. Methods. This prospective
study was conducted in an orthopedic ward and included 120 patients [60
patients with hip osteoarthritis that underwent arthroplasty and 60
surgically treated patients with hip fracture (HF)] during early inpatient
rehabilitation (1st-5th day). Validity was examined through 3 aspects:
content validity - floor and ceiling effect, range, skewness; criterion
validity - concurrent validity [correlation with the University of Iowa Level
of Assistance Scale (ILAS) for patients with hip osteoarthritis, and with the
Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) for patients with HF, Spearman rank
correlation] and predictive validity [the New Mobility Score (NMS) 4 weeks
after surgery, Mann-Whitney U test]; construct validity - 4 hypotheses: 1) on
the fifth day of rehabilitation in patients underwent arthroplasty due to hip
osteoarthritis, the A-test results will strongly correlate with those of
ILAS, while the correlation with the Harris hip score will be less strong; 2)
in patients with HF, the A-test results will be significantly better in those
with allowed weight bearing as compared to patients whom weight bearing is
not allowed while walking; 3) results of the A-test will be significantly
better in patients with hip osetoarthritis than in those with HF; 4) the
A-test results will be significantly better in patients younger than 65 years
than in those aged 65 years and older. Results. The obtained results were:
low floor (1%) and ceiling (2%) effect, range 0-50, skewness 0.57, strong
correlation with ILAS for the patients with hip osteoarthritis (r = -0.97, p
= 0.000) and with CAS for the patients with hip fracture (r = 0.91, p =
0.000) The patients with the A-test score 35 and more on the fifth day of
rehabilitation (n = 46, Md = 4) had significantly higher NMS rank 4 weeks
after surgery than the patients with the A-test score less than 35 (n = 59,
Md = 2), (U = 379, z = -6.47, p = 0.000, r = 0.63). All 4 hypotheses were
confirmed. Conclusion. The A-test is simple and valid instrument for everyday
evaluation of pace and degree of functional recovery during early
rehabilitation of patients surgically treated in an orthopedic ward.
Role of Titanium in Thin Wall Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings Production
Authors: Górny M. , Kawalec M.
Published: July 2013

In this paper the effects of titanium addition in an amount up to 0.13 wt.% have been investigated to determine their effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Thin Wall Vermicular Graphite Iron Castings (TWVGI). The study was performed for thinwalled iron castings with 3-5 mm wall thickness and for the reference casting with 13 mm. Microstructural changes were evaluated by analyzing quantitative data sets obtained by image analyzer and also using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Metallographic examinations show that in thin-walled castings there is a significant impact of titanium addition to vermicular graphite formation. Thinwalled castings with vermicular graphite have a homogeneous structure, free of chills, and good mechanical properties. It may predispose them as a potential use as substitutes for aluminum alloy castings in diverse applications.
Using Selected Chemical and Physical Factors to Cross-link a BioCo Polymer Binder - Mineral Matrix System / Zastosowanie wybranych czynników chemicznych i fizycznych w procesie sieciowania układu spoiwo polimerowe BioCo – osnowa mineralna
Authors: Grabowska B. , Bobrowski A. , Olejnik E. , Kaczmarska K.
Published: July 2013

This publication describes research on the course of the process of cross-linking new BioCo polymer binders - in the form of water-based polymer compositions of poly(acrylic acid) or poly(sodium acrylate)/modified polysaccharide - using selected physical and chemical factors. It has been shown that the type of cross-linking factor used influences the strength parameters of the moulding sand. The crosslinking factors selected during basic research make it possible to obtain sand strengths similar to those of samples of sands bonded with commercial binders. Microwave radiation turned out to be the most effective cross-linking factor in a binder-matrix system. It was proven that adsorption in the microwave radiation field leads to the formation of polymer lattices with hydrogen bonds which play a major role in maintaining the formed cross-linked structures in the binder-matrix system. As a result, the process improves the strength parameters of the sand, whereas the hardening process in a microwave field significantly shortens the setting time.
Bending Strength and Fracture Investigations of Cu Based Composite Materials Strengthened with δ-Alumina Fibres
Authors: Kaczmar J.W. , Granat K. , Naplocha K. , Kurzawa A. , Grodzka E. , Samociuk B.
Published: July 2013

Bending strength, thermal and electric conductivity and microstructure examinations of Cu based composite materials reinforced with Saffil alumina fibres are presented. Materials were produced by squeeze casting method applying the designed device and specially elaborated production parameters. Applying infiltration pressure of 90MPa and suitable temperature parameters provided manufacturing of copper based composite materials strengthened with Saffil alumina fibres characterized by the low rest porosity and good fibre-matrix interface. Three point bending tests at temperatures of 25, 100 and 300ºC were performed on specimens reinforced with 10, 15 and 20% of Saffil fibres. Introduced reinforcement effected on the relatively high bending strengths at elevated temperatures. In relation to unreinforced Cu casting strength of composite material Cu - 15vol.% Saffil fibres increase by about 25%, whereas at the highest applied test temperature of 300oC the improvement was almost 100%. Fibres by strengthening of the copper matrix and by transferring loads from the matrix reduce its plastic deformation and hinder the micro-crack developed during bending tests. Decreasing of thermal and electrical conductivity of Cu after incorporating fibres in the matrix are relatively small and these properties can be acceptable for electric and thermal applications.
Selection of the Wheat Genotypes and Related Species with Resistance to Mycosphaerella Graminicola
Authors: Martinek Petr , Svobodová Ilona , Věchet Lubomír
Published: July 2013

During 2008-2012, field tests of resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt. were conducted on a set of selected wheat varieties and related forms. Various M. graminicola isolates obtained from the Crop Research Institute in Prague were used for infection. Resistance of genotypes to three different isolates was tested in each year with the exception of 2009 and 2010, when identical isolates were used. A variant without artificial infection was used as control. Assorted varieties of winter and spring wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat (SW), tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner), and one sample of haynaldoticum (×Haynaldoticum sardoum Meletti et Onnis) were tested. The aim was to select potential donors of resistance. The average infection rate for the set of spring wheat varieties over the 5 years was 6.7% (con-trol 0.5%), for tritordeum it was 0.3% (control 0.1%), for SW it was 0.7% (control 0.1%), and for haynaldoticum it was 1.7% (control 0.2%). The infection of winter wheat was 18.6% (control 3.8%). High average resistance was found in tritordeum, haynaldoticum, and some forms of SW. Lower resistance was found in conventional wheat varieties. The results were influenced by the degree of isolate virulence, growing season, and developmental stages of plants at the time of inoculation.
Content Variation of Iron and Copper in Wine Obtained from Wine Vineyards Recas
Authors: Ketney Otto , Lengyel Ecaterina , Tita Ovidiu , Țifrea Anca
Published: July 2013

Wine grapes are brought to the center in baskets, plastic containers, wooden bene, or more modern like metal bene. From picking and transport can be transmitted to grapes, the iron or copper from all equipment on metal and after will be transmitted also to wines produced. It must therefore control of how was made the insulation of protective metal bene to avoid contact the metal with grapes. The aim of this work involves evaluating the content of iron and copper in wines and vineyards of Recas. The results indicated that the values determined by methods Photocolorimeters were within normal limits and revealed that the level of iron and copper in samples analyzed were not influenced by the process or storage conditions.
Characteristics of rapeseed oil cake using nitrogen adsorption
Authors: Sokołowska Z. , Bowanko G. , Boguta P. , Tys J. , Skiba K.
Published: July 2013

Adsorption of nitrogen on the rapeseed oil cake and rapeseed oil cake with wheat meal extrudates was investigated. The results are presented as adsorption-desorption isotherms. The Brunauer-Emmet and Teller equation was used to analyse the experimental sorption data. To obtain estimates of the surface area and surface fractal dimension, the sorption isotherms were analyzed using the Brunauer-Emmet and Teller and Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equations. Mesopore analysis was carried out using the Dollimore and Heal method. The properties and surface characteristic of rapeseed oil cake extrudates are related to different basic properties of particular samples and duration of the extrusion process. Extrusion conditions lead to essential differences in particular products. For all kinds of rapeseed oil cakes the amount of adsorbed nitrogen was different, but for the rapeseed oil cake extrudates a large amount of adsorbed nitrogenwas observed. The average surface area of the rapeseed oil cake extrudates was about 6.5-7.0 m2 g-1, whereas it was equal to about 4.0-6.0 m2 g-1 for rapeseed oil cake with the wheat meal extrudates. In the case of non-extruded rapeseed oil cake and wheat meal, the dominant group included ca. 2 and 5 nmpores. The values of surface fractal dimension suggested that the surface of the extrudates was more homogenous than that of the raw material. Duration of the extrusion process to 80 s resulted in a decrease in the specific surface area, surface fractal dimension, and porosity of the extrudates.
Comparison of iron fractions on the regulated and restored parts of the Rudnia River (NE Poland)
Authors: Cudowski Adam , Zieliński Piotr
Published: July 2013

Hydrochemical investigations focusing on different iron fractions were conducted in 2007 from January to December on two parts (regulated and restored) of the small lowland Rudnia River in north-eastern Poland. Concentrations of the total iron (TFe) in the water of the Rudnia River ranged from 582 μg dm-3 up to 3646 μg dm-3, and their elevated values are clearly the result of their complex binding with organic matter originating from the peat-mineral catchment of the river. Regardless of the season, in the upper part of the river (regulated channel) higher concentrations of all iron fractions than in the restored river section were observed. All tests on iron fractions showed a clear seasonal variability on both river channel parts. Higher TFe concentrations were typical for the regulated part of the river in autumn or winter, and lower in spring for the restored river channel section. For the whole of the investigated period and regardless of the season, particulate iron fraction (PFe) represented a higher proportion of TFe in the regulated channel than in the restored one. PFe constituted up to 60% TFe, on average, while the other two fractions about 20% of TFe each. However, dissolved reactive iron fraction (DRFe) made up a larger percentage of TFe than organic soluble fraction (DOFe) of iron within the year. The maximum percentage of DOFe fraction outside the growing season was caused by iron release from organic complexes and elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from wetlands.
Connected Youth
Authors: Rye Ståle Angen
Published: July 2013

The present article investigates how young people use the Internet to gain information about distant events that can be used in their schoolwork. The aim is to better understand the process behind youngsters’ construction of what is distant, which in turn may help us to understand how people construct knowledge and act in relation to such realities. Empirical sources originate from qualitative interviews and observations of Norwegian secondary school students using computers to search for information about tropical rainforests and climate change. A network approach has been used to frame this topic, in which extensibility and flow are the main analytical perspectives. The findings reveal that students tend to not connect directly to distant sources when looking for information about distant realities. Rather, they relate to the global flow of information by using national nodes of information flow that indirectly relate them to what is happening at a distance.
Usability application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of microorganisms isolated from urine of patients treated in cancer hospital
Authors: Cybulski Zefiryn , Schmidt Katarzyna , Grabiec Alicja , Talaga Zofia , Bociąg Piotr , Wojciechowicz Jacek , Roszak Andrzej , Kycler Witold
Published: July 2013

Background. The objective of this study was: i) to compare the results of urine culture with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based detection of microorganisms using two commercially available kits, ii) to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of urine isolates from cancer patients to chosen antimicrobial drugs and, if necessary, to update the recommendation of empirical therapy.

Materials and methods. A one-year hospital-based prospective study has been conducted in Greater Poland Cancer Centre and Genetic Medicine Laboratory CBDNA Research Centre in 2011. Urine cultures and urine PCR assay from 72 patients were examined

Results. Urine cultures and urine PCR assay from 72 patients were examined. Urine samples were positive for 128 strains from which 95 (74%) were identical in both tests. The most frequently isolated bacteria in both culture and PCR assay were coliform organisms and Enterococcus spp. The Gram negative bacilli were most resistant to cotrimoxazol. 77.2% of these bacilli and 100% of E. faecalis and S. agalactiae were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. 4.7% of Gram positive cocci were resistant to nitrofurantoin.

Conclusions. The PCR method quickly finds the causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) and, therefore, it can help with making the choice of the proper antimicrobial therapy at an early stage. It appears to be a viable alternative to the recommendations made in general treatment guidelines, in cases where diversified sensitivity patterns of microorganisms have been found.
Minimally invasive treatment of peristomal metastases from gastric cancer at an ileostomy site by electrochemotherapy
Authors: Campana Luca G. , Scarpa Marco , Sommariva Antonio , Bonandini Elena , Valpione Sara , Sartore Leonardo , Rossi Carlo R.
Published: July 2013

Background. Peristomal metastases are rare, but potentially associated with relevant morbidity. Surgical resection, followed by stoma relocation, represent the gold standard in most patients. We describe electrochemotherapy (ECT), a minimally invasive method for locally-enhancing drug delivery by means of electric pulses, as an alternative approach.

Patient and methods. A 49-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer developed skin metastases around an ileostomy site. The ulcerated and oozing tumor growth impaired patient’s quality of life due to continuous trouble in fitting the ostomy appliance, its poor adherence and consequent stools spillage. ECT consisted of a 20-minute course under mild general sedation. A bleomycin bolus of 15 000 IU/m2 was followed by the percutaneous application of multiple, 1.5 ms -long electric pulses by means of a needle electrode.

Results. Post ECT course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the same day. After one week, tumor nodules were flattened and partial tumor regression was appreciable at one-month follow-up. More importantly, peristomal skin conditions significantly improved, thus allowing for an effective application of the ostomy appliance during the following moths, until patient’s death.

Conclusions. This report suggests the feasibility of ECT as a minimally invasive approach for peristomal tumors. In selected cases, ECT, by achieving a rapid tumor control, may ensure effective ostomy management and preserve patients’ quality of life.
Impact of Biocorrosion on the Durability of Etics and Empirical Findings About the Periodocity of Maintenance
Authors: Antošová Naďa
Published: July 2013

Generally, the role of living organisms (especially bacteria, cyanophytes, algae and fungi) in the physical and chemical processes of the biocorrosion of an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) is underestimated. These organisms are the ones that are responsible for a wide range of changes in or "diseases" of building materials and constructions, including damage to a building´s appearance or the destruction and complete collapse of the characteristics and requirements of materials and the ETICS construction.

The following article concerns the impact of biological factors on the durability of ETICS. It shows the importance of and necessity to maintain it, and the method and periodicity of the maintenance.
Beta Coefficients of Polish Blue Chip Companies in the Period Of 2005–2011
Authors: Dębski Wiesław , Feder-Sempach Ewa
Published: July 2013

Risk plays a significant role in various aspects of financial decision throughout the world financial markets. Beta parameter is one of the commonly used coefficient to estimate the systematic risk associated with stocks. Beta is mostly calculated using single index market model by W. Sharpe.

This study examined the beta parameter under bull and bear market conditions on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). This paper analyses the beta responses for bad and good news for 44 stocks (14 stocks from the WIG20 index and 30 stocks from the mWIG40 index) over the last six years of trading at the WSE. Beta was calculated using monthly returns over the period 2005-2011, separately for the bull and the bear market. Our analysis finds strong evidence that beta is different in bull and bear market phase.
Commonwealth of Independent States Economic Development: Multidimensional Comparison of States
Authors: Kompa Krzysztof
Published: July 2013

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union several new states were founded, and majority of them created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) while three Baltic states decided about independent path of development so now they are member states of EU.

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the level of economic development of 10 countries, that previously were Soviet Union republic. The evaluation procedure is provided applying taxonomic indicators constructed on the basis of 12 variables observed for each country in years 1995-2009. Aggregated measure values are used to classify the investigated states into four classes containing countries with similar level of economic development.
Properties of Normalization Methods Used in the Construction of Aggregate Measures
Authors: Nermend Kesra
Published: July 2013

This article presents a study on the impact of missing objects, untypical objects and the impact of displacing coordinates of the object on the results of normalization in the construction of aggregate measures for ranking socio-economic objects. The study was conducted on simulated data sets generated in order to investigate the properties of normalization methods. This article focuses on the standardization formula responsible for moving the set of objects
Assessment of AIS Vessel Position Report Under the Aspect of Data Reliability
Authors: Banyś Paweł , Noack Thoralf , Gewies Stefan
Published: July 2013

Since its introduction the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has played an important part in improving safety at sea, making bridge watchkeeping duties more comfortable and enhancing vessel traffic management ashore. However the analysis of a AIS data set describing the vessel traffic of the Baltic Sea came to conclusion, that specific parameters with relevance to navigation seemed to be defective or implausible. Essentially, it concerned the true heading (THDG) and the rate of turn (ROT) parameters. With the paper we are trying to clarify, which parameters of the AIS position report and to what extent, are affected. The detailed data analysis gives answers on how reliable the AIS data in different traffic areas is.
The Effect of Space Weather on Maritime Aids-to-Navigation Service Provision
Authors: Grant Alan , Shaw George , Ward Nick
Published: July 2013

The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland (GLA) provide marine Aids-to-Navigation (AtoNs) for the benefit and safety of all mariners within their waters. These AtoNs include traditional lighthouses, buoys and various radionavigation systems.

It is recognised that GPS, or more generally Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), have become the primary means of obtaining Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) information at sea. Mariners may have come to believe that GPS is infallible, yet it is known to be vulnerable to solar activity, interference and system failures.

The Sun continuously releases random bursts of energy and highly charged particles. The impact of these emissions on the Earth is known as space weather. Bursts of electromagnetic energy can result in radio blackouts; bursts of high energy particles can increase ionising radiation and affect space craft performance; and bursts of magnetised plasma can result in the degradation and potential loss of radionavigation signals on Earth.

The amount of solar activity is linked with the natural sunspot cycle, which shows the number of sunspots peak approximately every 11 years, with the next peak due in 2013. Sunspots occur almost continuously, but normally give rise to weak solar events that generally go by unnoticed. However significant storms can occur at any time and as we approach peak activity, the number of space weather events will increase.

AtoNs generally report their position using radio systems, whether through the Automatic Identification System (AIS), public networks or dedicated links; and often use GNSS to calculate their position and to obtain timing information. Mariners use GNSS for PNT information; with this information integrated into many different bridge systems. Powerful solar storms can affect GNSS performance and the reception of their signals, which may lead to different correlated events, both on and off the ship. During very extreme and very rare storms, national power systems may be switched off to protect the infrastructure which would clearly affect those services relying on mains power without backup.

This paper reports the output of a study into the potential effects of space weather on GLA AtoN service provision and presents mitigating actions, where appropriate. The outcome of this study will help the GLA to continue to provide the highest level of AtoN availability, helping to ensure the safety of all mariners.
Indoor Navigation Using Particle Filter and Sensor Fusion
Authors: Köping Lukas , Mühsam Thomas , Ofenberg Christian , Czech Bernhard , Bernard Michael , Schmer Jens , Deinzer Frank
Published: July 2013

In this paper we present an indoor localization system based on particle filter and multiple sensor data like acceleration, angular velocity and compass data. With this approach we tackle the problem of documentation on large building yards during the construction phase. Due to the circumstances of such an environment we cannot rely on any data from GPS, Wi-Fi or RFID. Moreover this work should serve us as a first step towards an all-in-one navigation system for mobile devices. Our experimental results show that we can achieve high accuracy in position estimation.
Treatment technique: A clinical & Practical sequences in the Management of Angle Class II Malocclusion (Maxillary Protrusion)
Authors: Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

This paper is mainly intended for postgraduate orthodontic students especially for those who will learn and practice the Fixed Appliance Technique. With the advancement of research, introduction of new biomaterials and techniques, the orthodontic treatment has been scientifically affordable for the last few decades. In Bangladesh the orthodontic treatment and education is also becoming very popular in the private and institutional level day by day. In fact, post-graduate trainee doctors in the department of orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital were the once who had the idea of writing this paper. While supervising & conducting FCPS Part II examination as a convener, I felt this sort of clinical and technical review would be very helpful for the trainees as well as practitioners. Keeping that thought in my mind, I also intend to write a series of papers that will contain the basic as well as contemporary orthodontic techniques and philosophy. Post-graduate trainee doctors, faculty members and private practitioners will all find this paper as a guideline during their training as well as in professional practicing period. I am very much delighted to present this paper and series of papers in the next subsequent issues. The present paper describes training techniques, the design of standard edge-wise-technique in sequential stages for treating Angle Class II maxillary protrusion with excessive over jet, overbite (upper and lower 1st premolar extraction case), and illustrated case reports1,2 of class II malocclusion. The author acknowledges that the paper is summarized from lectures, handouts during his postgraduate studies in Kyushu University and Hiroshima University, Japan and also clinical experience acheived from the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dhaka dental College and Hospital and private practice in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i1.15976 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2010; Vol-1, No.1, 27-37
Editorial Vol.2(1)
Authors: Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15992Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1
Message from the President APOS
Authors: Loh Kwai-Woh
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15994Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1
Technique training of Myofunctional appliance : Activators
Authors: Hossain MZ
Published: July 2013

Myofunctional appliance are considered by many authorities orthopedic in nature, influencing the facial skeleton of the growing child in the condylar and suture areas. They also exert an orthodontic effect on the dent-alveolar area. Among these activator is the most well-known myofunctional appliance. The article describes the myofunctional appliance and its technique training, design, steps in preparation of Class II and Class III activator in sequential stages with illustrated case reports, treating class III molar relationship with crowded arch in maxilla and anterior cross bite. The Author acknowledges that the article is summarized from the lectures, handouts during his postgraduate studies in Kyushu University and Hiroshima University, Japan and from his experience from Dhaka Dental College and private practice at Ortho Dental Care. This article is a continuation of the series of technique training in orthodontics especially for the post-graduate trainees as well as for the practitioners who will learn and practice functional appliance specially activators. Once again, I believe that post-graduate trainee doctors, faculty members, private practitioners and all other concerned will find this article as a guide line during their training as well as in their professional practicing period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.16003 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 34-46