bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Time-Efficient Co-Operative Path Planning Model Combined with Task Assignment for Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Biswas Sumana , Anavatti Sreenatha G. , Garratt Matthew A.
Published: April 2019

Dealing with uncertainties along with high-efficiency planning for task assignment problem is still challenging, especially for multi-agent systems. In this paper, two frameworks—Compromise View model and the Nearest-Neighbour Search model—are analyzed and compared for co-operative path planning combined with task assignment of a multi-agent system in dynamic environments. Both frameworks are capable of dynamically controlling a number of autonomous agents to accomplish multiple tasks at different locations. Furthermore, these two models are capable of dealing with dynamically changing environments. In both approaches, the Particle Swarm Optimization-based method is applied for path planning. The path planning approach combined with the obstacle avoidance strategy is integrated with the task assignment problem. In one framework, the Compromise View model is used for completing the tasks and a combination of clustering method with the Nearest-Neighbour Search model is used to assign tasks to the other framework. The frameworks are compared in terms of computational time and the resulting path length. Results indicate that the Nearest-Neighbour Search model is much faster than the Compromise View model. However, the Nearest-Neighbour Search model generates longer paths to accomplish the mission. By following the Nearest-Neighbour Search approach, agents can successfully accomplish their mission, even under uncertainties such as malfunction of individual agents. The Nearest-Neighbour Search framework is highly effective due to its reactive structure. As per requirements, to save time, after completing its own tasks, one agent can complete the remaining tasks of other agents. The simulation results show that the Nearest-Neighbour Search model is an effective and robust way of solving co-operative path planning combined with task assignment problems.
Cross-Matching VIIRS Boat Detections with Vessel Monitoring System Tracks in Indonesia
Authors: Hsu Feng-Chi , Elvidge Christopher D. , Baugh Kimberly , Zhizhin Mikhail , Ghosh Tilottama , Kroodsma David , Susanto Adi , Budy Wiryawan , Riyanto Mochammad , Nurzeha Ridwan , Sudarja Yeppi
Published: April 2019

A methodology had been proposed for cross-matching visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) boat detections (VBD) with vessel monitoring system (VMS) tracks. The process involves predicting the probable location of VMS vessels at the time of each VIIRS data collection with an orbital model. Thirty-two months of Indonesian VMS data was segmented into fishing and transit activity types and then cross-matched with the VBD record. If a VBD record is found within 700 m and 5 s of the predicted location, it is marked as a match. The cross-matching indicates that 96% of the matches occur while the vessel is fishing. Small pelagic purse seiners account for 27% of the matches. Other gear types with high match rates include hand line tuna, squid dip net, squid jigging, and large pelagic purse seiners. Low match rates were found for gillnet, trawlers, and long line tuna. There is an indication that VMS vessels using submersible lights can be identified based on consistently low average radiances and match rates under 45%. Overall, VBD numbers exceed VMS vessel numbers in Indonesia by a nine to one ratio, indicating that VIIRS detects large numbers of fishing boats under the 30 Gross Tonnage (GT) level set for the VMS requirement. The cross-matching could be used to identify “dark” vessels that lack automatic identification system (AIS) or VMS.
A Prototype of an Electromagnetic Induction Sensor for Non-Destructive Estimation of the Presence of Corrosive Chemicals Ensuing Concrete Corrosion
Authors: Mamun Kabir A. , Deo Ravin N. , Islam F. R. , Pota Hemanshu R. , Chand Aneesh A. , Prasad Kushal A. , Cakacaka Aisake
Published: April 2019

The corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete often leads to huge unbudgeted expenses for maintaining, monitoring and renovating an infrastructure. This is mainly due to the presence of salts or chemical chlorides that pose a danger to the concrete structures. The determination of the existence of these corrosive salts is vital for defining the service life of concrete. This research looked at developing an electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor for the detection of corrosive salts. The first design adopted a single-loop coil (SLC) concept, and the second was based on a multiple-loop coil (MLC) one using copper wire. Tests were conducted on these two techniques, and with the results obtained, the latter seemed more promising; thus, a prototype sensor was developed using the MLC concept. As this new prototype sensor was able to detect the manifestation of chemical contents in a concrete structure, it could be used as a non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for the detection of corrosive chemicals in concrete and has the further possibility of detecting corrosion in concrete.
Factors Introducing Industry 4.0 to SMES
Authors: Vrchota Jaroslav , Volek Tomas , Novotná Martina
Published: April 2019

The aim of the paper is to identify some of the factors that affect the introduction of Industry 4.0 elements to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The article is concerned with factors that can be impulsive for SMEs and factors that, on the contrary, are limiting for SMEs to integrate Industry 4.0 into the enterprises. These factors are the result of a short brainstorming with some employees of 72 selected SMEs for case studies. The analysis of 1018 Czech SMEs showed that the introduction of Industry 4.0 is related to the size of the enterprise. Fisher’s Factorial Test based on a four-fold contingency table tested the data. The majority of medium-sized enterprises consider introducing digitization and robotization elements in the next 5 years, while in the case of micro-enterprises it was less than a half of the enterprises of the sample. At the same time, the relation between the enterprises with a written strategy and enterprises planning to implement Industry 4.0 was demonstrated.
Service Effectiveness of the Nature Centers for Sustainability of Environmental Education and Forest Policy Implications
Authors: Lee Chia-Wen , Li Ching , Liu Sung-Ta
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between service effectiveness of the Nature Centers of Forest Bauru of Executive Yuan in Taiwan (Nature Centers) and sustainability of environmental education and forest policy implications. The (n = 1520) participants were selected through purposive and quota sampling, and the questionnaires were divided into four categories: Potential target customer groups, potential operators, the public, and website users from 1 July to 31 August 2017. Canonical correlation analyses were used to explore the relationship between two variables. The study results revealed the significant relationships between service effectiveness and forest policy implications, and two canonical factors were extracted. The first pair of canonical correlation analyses reveals that higher overall service effectiveness is more likely to catch the attentions of participants with the overall forest policy implications. The second canonical correlation analysis suggests that forest policy implications factors of protected coast forest, exotic species, green economy, forest resource management, and wood self-sufficiency ratio were positively associated with service effectiveness for natural resources and negatively associated with those of teaching quality. The implication for further research and practical applications in terms of cultural and creative research is suggested.
Research on the Efficiency of Local Government Health Expenditure in China and Its Spatial Spillover Effect
Authors: Wang Mengying , Tao Chunhai
Published: April 2019

The efficiency of the local government health expenditure (GHE) in China determines the level of public health services. However, the local government does not pay much attention to that efficiency, though the scale of local GHE is increasing. In this paper, first, we use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure the static overall efficiency of the local government health expenditure (GHE) in each region of China from 2007 to 2016. Then, based on the spatial statistical theory, global and local spatial Moran’s I value is utilized to investigate its spatial correlation and spatial agglomeration phenomenon. Finally, the spatial spillover effect (SSE) of the static overall efficiency of local GHE in each region is measured by constructing a spatial Durbin model (SDM). It is demonstrated that there are significant differences in the efficiency of the local GHE between different regions of China. In addition, it is shown that Moran’s I value of the static overall efficiency of the local GHE from 2007 to 2016 is positive. It passed the test of the 5% significance level, indicating that there is a positive spatial correlation between the efficiency of the local GHE and a spatial spillover effect. On the other hand, the decomposition of the SDM reveals that the proportion of GHE to financial expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and population density have a positive effect on the efficiency of the local GHE. Hence, their growth will improve the GHE efficiency in the local region and neighboring regions. In contrast, the proportion of urban population, illiteracy, and fiscal decentralization have a negative effect. Thus, their growth will decrease the GHE efficiency in the local region and neighboring regions. The results are discussed and suggestions are given based on the analysis in this paper. The main contribution of this work is to consider the spatial spillover effect in terms with realistic meaning. The results obtained can be used as a reference for optimizing the structure and improving the efficiency of government health inputs. It breaks the government’s GDP-only theory-based assessment system and helps to improve it by assessing the GHE efficiency.
An Investigation of the Third Hankel Determinant Problem for Certain Subfamilies of Univalent Functions Involving the Exponential Function
Authors: Shi Lei , Srivastava Hari Mohan , Arif Muhammad , Hussain Shehzad , Khan Hassan
Published: April 2019

In the current article, we consider certain subfamilies S e ∗ and C e of univalent functions associated with exponential functions which are symmetric along real axis in the region of open unit disk. For these classes our aim is to find the bounds of Hankel determinant of order three. Further, the estimate of third Hankel determinant for the family S e ∗ in this work improve the bounds which was investigated recently. Moreover, the same bounds have been investigated for 2-fold symmetric and 3-fold symmetric functions.
Correction: Pestka, J.J., et al. Sex Is a Determinant for Deoxynivalenol Metabolism and Elimination in the Mouse. Toxins 2017, 9, 240
Authors: Pestka James J. , Clark Erica S. , Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi E. , Berthiller Franz
Published: April 2019

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]
Development and validation of new analytical method for the simultaneous estimation of amitriptyline and perphenazine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC
Authors: Pavan Kumar V , Ramadevi B , Karishma Shaik , Divya P , Sivagami B , Niranjan M
Published: April 2019

A new, simple, precise, accurate and reproducible RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Amitriptyline and Perphenazine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations was developed. Separation of Amitriptyline and Perphenazine was successfully achieved on Inertsil ODS (250x4.6mm) 5µm column in an isocratic mode utilizing Methanol: ACN: Water (50:30:20) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and eluents were monitored at 253nm with a retention time of 2.440 and 5.503 minutes for Amitriptyline and Perphenazine respectively. The method was validated and it was found to be linear. The values of the correlation coefficient were found to 0.992 for Amitriptyline and 0.9992 for Perphenazine respectively. The LOD for Perphenazine and Amitriptyline were found to be and 33.8µg/ml and 4.2 µg/ml. The LOQ for Perphenazine and Amitriptyline were found to be 20.88µg/ml and 12.12µg/ml respectively. The percentage recoveries for Amitriptyline and Perphenazine were found to be within the limit indicates that the proposed method is highly accurate. The method was extensively validated according to ICH guidelines.
Аналіз управління ризиками як засобу реалізації державної політики щодо безпеки праці
Authors: Лесняк-Іглінська Н. Ю.
Published: April 2019

Проаналізовано базові положення норм чинного законодавства, що регламентують діяльність органів державної влади, місцевого самоврядування та роботодавців у сфері охорони праці; сучасний стан вітчизняного державного регулювання у цій сфері, досліджено його організаційно-правові механізми. Запропоновано пріоритетні напрями удосконалення управління у сфері безпеки праці шляхом застосування інструментів управління ризиками. У контексті безпеки праці поглиблено визначення змісту поняття “ризик”.
Соціальний захист внутрішньо переміщених осіб в контексті забезпечення права на освіту
Authors: Лішик О. П.
Published: April 2019

Порушено проблему соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Зазначено, що ця проблема набула значущості через окупацію територій Донецької, Луганської областей та Автономної Республіки Крим. Наведено статистику щодо вимушених переселенців в Україні. Акцентовано увагу, що значну кількість внутрішньо переміщених осіб становлять діти. Проаналізовано основні підходи до забезпечення соціального захисту дітей. Описано механізм забезпечення соціальної адаптації дітей-переселенців. Висвітлено основні складнощі, які виникають при реалізації права на освіту внутрішньо переміщених осіб, та окреслено шляхи їх подолання.
Синергетизм процесів управління соціально-економічними системами
Authors: Загорський В. С. , Ліпенцев А. В.
Published: April 2019

Проаналізовано розвиток теоретичних основ і поглиблення методологічних, концептуальних та методико-прикладних основ методології синергетичного підходу до управління розвитком соціально-економічних систем. Досліджено постулати класичної економічної теорії і синергетики. Сформульовано положення, на яких повинен базуватись синергетичний підхід в управлінні економічними процесами.
Підвищення ефективності надання послуг call-центрами
Authors: Ліпенцев А. В. , Думенкова Т. Г.
Published: April 2019

Розглянуто напрями підвищення ефективності надання послуг call-центрами. Поставлено акцент на потребі покращення надання послуг call-центрами в сучасних умовах. Визначено стратегічні напрями підвищення якісних і кількісних параметрів ефективності діяльності call-центрів. Обґрунтовано переваги і недоліки кожного напряму та можливості його впровадження. Наголошено на важливості управління в умовах підвищення ефективності надання послуг call-центрами.
Optimising intensive apple crown pruning by IT improvements
Authors: Gonda István , Pajna Sándor , Bay-Széplaki Ágnes , Szilágyi Mihály
Published: April 2019

Prunig is a key element of fruit production technology and is affected by a number of subjective factors. Putting research findings into practice is often hindered by bad and harmful habits that make plantations and trees heterogenious in terms of growth and fruiting features, which can even lead to significant financial losses. Having identified this challenge, in this publication we aim to present some guidelines for those who are open to new ways and believe in the power of innovation. The 21st century is undoubtedly the century of unstoppable IT innovations filtering through into our everyday lives. The fact that our project is based on IT innovations is not only essential due to the subject matter itself but also because it makes it easier to address younger generations. Whichever tool they choose to use (smartphone, tablet, laptop), all registered students have access to our web contents, making it super easy for them to practice pruning techniques. Students don’t just read texts in our training materials but have access to a pool of pictures and images to illustrate the different procecces and phenomena. All the different phrases have explanations against them, so anyone can understand the ins and outs of why and how to prune or remove the different crown parts (5-year-old and above crown parts, 2–4-year old parts or 1-year-old parts) to achieve specific results, whether it be apple, pear or cherry trees etc. Our database comprises thousands of pictures that will walk you through the entire fruit tree pruning process, without you even having to leave your desk. There is an old proverb that also applies to pruning: „The wise man learns from the mistakes of others, the fool has to learn from his own”. Our program aims to help students by presenting a number of bad examples along with their corrections as well as photos of ideal ways to prune multiple different crown shapes. Using our web-based tool eliminates time and space limitations, i.e. you can access our interactive contents to gain or extend your pruning skills, irrespective of the pruning time and location.
Milestones in the development of agronomic management practices in crop production
Authors: Jolánkai Márton , Dekemati Igor , Kassai Mária
Published: April 2019

From the dawn of the history of the human race, agriculture has always been a profound activity of mankind producing food and feed as well as various plant originated materials for further processing.

Agronomy, like any other human activity, depends on the perpetual development of knowledge and technical skills, - in a modern context – science and innovation. This paper is intended to provide the reader with information regarding the main phases of the development of agricultural production from the Neolithic societies through the early Mesopotamian and Egyptian empires to the inventions of first organised learned society of Rome. The major research findings of the past two millennia including agro-chemistry, genetics and technical development are presented.

Such a review should not lead to any scientific conclusions, but rather a philosophical postulate similar to that of Jonathan Swift written some centuries ago: “And he gave it for his opinion, that whoever could make two ears of corn, or two blades of grass, to grow upon a spot of ground, where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind, and do more essential service to his country, than the whole race of politicians put together”.
Water infiltration into the soil – what do measurements indicate?
Authors: Orfánus Tomáš , Nagy Viliam
Published: April 2019

Physical properties of top-soil organic materials significantly influence initiation processes of infiltration and runoff generation. This paper deals with the specifics of water infiltration through the top surface organic layer of the forest soil. Three field methods (Guelph permeameter, Tension disk permeameter, Single-ring method) and one laboratory method (Falling head) of hydraulic conductivity (KS) determination are compared and interpreted in the context of their applicability and limitations. The Falling head method provides far different values of KS if sample cylinders are or are not sealed with grease against the wall effect. The Guelf permeameter is very significant to the position of different horizons’ interface, while Tension disc permeameter results are dependent on antecedent soil moisture. The single ring method is applicable with acceptable results only when there is no abrupt interface between horizons in the vicinity of the ring bottom edge.
The state of the Hungarian ornamental horticulture industry, recommendations for development
Authors: Orlóci László
Published: April 2019

R&D and innovative technologies are required in the EU for being competitive on the world market. Education and professional co-ordination is vitally important, as well as maintenance and development of our genetic bases.
Long-term experiments on chernozem soil in the University of Debrecen
Authors: Pepó Péter
Published: April 2019

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of NO3-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classified into four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on crop year (6.5–8.9 t ha-1 maximum yields in 2011–2015 years) and the genotypes (in 2012 the difference was ~3 t ha-1 among varieties). The optimum N(+PK) doses varied between 30–150 kg ha-1 in different crop years. In maize production fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation have decision role on the yields. The efficiency of fertilization modified by cropyear (in dry 891–1315 kg ha-1, in average 1927–4042 kg ha-1, in rainy cropyear 2051–4473 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively) and crop rotation (in monoculture 1315–4473 kg ha-1, in biculture 924–2727 kg ha-1 and triculture 891–2291 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively). The optimum fertilization could improve the water use efficiency in maize production.

Our long-term experiments gave important ecological and agronomic information to guide regional development of sustainable cropping systems.
Technological development of sustainable maize production and its effect on yield stability
Authors: Sárvári Mihály
Published: April 2019

In 2015 and 2016, we examined the effect of NPK nutrients, sowing date and plant density on yield on typical meadow soil. The amount of precipitation was 282.0 mm in 2015 (January–September), 706.0 mm in 2016 and the 30-year averageis 445.8 mm.

Agrotechnical factors:

– Experiment a)

           5 Dow AgroSciences hybrid with three sowing dates and three plant densities

– Experiment b)

In 2015 eight, in 2016 ten hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons, with control (without fertilization), N80+PK and N160+PKtreatments, five plant densities (50–90 thousand) with 10 thousand plants difference between the different densities.

In a drought year, we reached the higher yield in the earlier sowing date and with the lower lower plant density of 70 thousand plants ha-1-. The maximum yield, depending on the agrotechnical factors, was 10–12 t ha-1 in 2015, while in 2016 it was 14–16 t ha-1. Yield stability can be increased using hybrid-specific cultivation techniques.
Investigation of new seed mixtures in wildlife forage ground managem
Authors: Antal Borbála , Szendrei László , Rédei Károly , Csajbók József
Published: April 2019

One of the most important method of habitat development is wildlife forage ground management. Many plant species can be grown on the crop fields, as mixture, too. Use of seed mixtures has not been spread on the native wildlife forage ground, however there are many advantages of them.

The aim of the research is to examine the role of the different plant species, seed mixtures in the game feeding, the savouriness of the plants of crop fields, as well as ascertain which seed mixtures are more suitable for wildlife forage ground management. On the basis of the investigation it can be find out that big amount of forage can be produced on mixed crop fields. Buckwheat, corn, rape, millet and white lupine proved to be the most beloved plants. It is suitable to make such mixed forages and use widely in the native wildlife forage ground management,

– which assures better feed conditions for the game,

– which are more attractive for the game and can draw away from other areas, so prevent, reduce game damage in forestry sector and in

agriculture that is in the forest manager’s, agricultural and game manager’s interests, too.
Morpometric study of Hungarian honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies
Authors: Zakar Erika , Zajácz Edit , Rácz Tímea , Oláh János , Jávor András , Kusza Szilvia
Published: April 2019

The honey bees are essential for the pollination of agricultural plants. The Pannonian honey bee, Apis mellifera pannonica, is native to Hungary, only these subspecies are being bread in our country. The parameters have been separated the pannon and italian honey bee subspecies, the colour of tergit, the cubital index and proboscis length. The morphometric analisys is of special importance because this, on the one hand, shows correlation with honey bee production and on the other hand, the pure morphometric charactersitics is the basis of any potential honey bee export. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites are the common methods to define genetic diversity and the separation of subspecies.
New challenges the establishment of district governmental offices and the regional public transport organising in Hajdú-Bihar county
Authors: Bói Loránd
Published: April 2019

The re-establishment of historical district government offices in the Hungarian public administration system will ensure the availability of the provided public services on an integrated, citizen-friendly level. Reorganising of district borders and changing the district centres as well the settlement new administration services in the central cities will predictable restructure the citizens public transport attitudes. This study deals with the motivation, quantity and direction of the possible modifications on the public transport demand in Hajdú-Bihar County. The study goals to present the possible public transport organising interventions, and to find a balance between the changing demand and the regulation provided public transport instruments.
The setting of fenological- stadium of plum (Prunus domestica) varieties in 2012
Authors: Czinege Anikó
Published: April 2019

We planted experimental trees, namely 6 plum varieties grafted on 6 plum rootstocks in the spring of 2010. Our aim was to observe differences in the fenological-stages of plum rootstock and variety combinations. ‘Cacanska lepotica’, ‘Jojo’,

‘Katinka’, ‘Topfive’, ‘Topper’, ‘Toptaste’ plum varieties were planted on ‘Mirobalan’ (Prunus ceresifera var. ceresifera cv. myrabolan); damson (Prunus institicia) – ‘St Julien A’, ‘St Julien GF655/2’; and ‘Wawit’; ‘Wangwnheim’; ‘Fereley’ rootstocks. We observed the bud burst, the flowering course: at the start of the flowering, during the main flowering, and at the end of flowerings and the ripening of the plum. Finally we observed the difference in leaves falling observed in the case of the different varieties and rootstock combinations.

The bursting of buds started with ‘Cacanska lepotica’, in March 16 and finished with ‘Jojo’ / ‘Mirobalan’ combination, in March 22. The starting of flowering course was in March 29 with ‘Topper’ / ‘St Julien GF655/2’ combinations and the end of flowering course finished with ‘Toptaste’ varieties, in April 3–4. The start of ripening of the plum was with ‘Katinka’ / ‘St Julien A’ combinations, in July 17. and the end of ripening of the plum finished with ‘Topper’ variety. The start of leaves falling began with ‘Cacanska lepotica’, in Sept 5–8 depending on irrigation, and ‘Katinka’, ‘Jojo’ varieties finished, in November 28–29.
Biofuel production and its quality standards
Authors: Nagy Orsolya
Published: April 2019

The increasing consumption due to the decreasing amount of fossile energy resources, as well as the increasing fuel prices and living standard will justify the better utilisation of the opportunities lying in biofuel production. Certain countries produce biofuels for their own use or they even export them. However, there are countries which have not decided which feedstock and technology to use. Biofuel – mainly biodiesel and bioethanol – use greatly contributes to environmental protection, decreased CO2 emission and reduced greenhouse effect.
Renewable energy resources in the EU (Policy scenario)
Authors: Nagy Orsolya
Published: April 2019

The use of renewable energies has a long past, even though its share of the total energy use is rather low in European terms. However, the tendencies are definitely favourable which is further strengthened by the dedication of the European Union to sustainable development and combat against climate change. The European Union is on the right track in achieving its goal which is to be able to cover 20% its energy need from renewable energy resources by 2020. The increased use of wind, solar, water, tidal, geothermal and biomass energy will reduce the energy import dependence of the European Union and it will stimulate innovation.
Operation experiences of the PV system of an office building utilising environmental energy
Authors: Török Imre
Published: April 2019

One of the most important research directions in the building sector is reducing the energy consumption. In Hungary the residential sector is the biggest energy consumer with 40% from the total energy consumption of the country. One possibility to decrease the energy consumption is using renewable energy sources. In this work I show a short description of PV cells and some measurements.
The effect of NPK treatments on the Cu and Fe content of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Burján Zita , Móré Mariann , Czakóné Vágó Xénia , Győri Zoltán
Published: April 2019

In this study the effect of N, P and K nutrients on the Cu and Fe content of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains was investigated in a long-term fertilization experiment set up in Nagyhörcsök. Samples were also harvested from four experimental stations of the Hungarian national long-term fertilization trials. These are the following: Bicsérd, Iregszemcse, Karcag, and Putnok. Plant samples were collected in 2005 which was very wet. Our results from Nagyhörcsök were compared with the Cu and Fe content of samples which were harvested from control plots of other experimental stations. The Cu and Fe content of grain samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) followed by digestion with HNO3-H2O2 solution. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and when significant differences (P<0.05) were detected, Duncan’s test was performed to allow separation of means.

The main conclusions are as follows: Cu and Fe content of wheat grains was higher and higher in every NPK treatments. Samples were harvested from the control plots of Iregszemcse and Bicsérd have higher Cu content than the treated samples from Nagyhörcsök.
The impact of various grape stock cultivars on the As, Cu, Co and Zn content of the grape berry (must, seed)
Authors: Fekete István , Rakonczás Nándor , Andrási Dávid , Bódi Éva , Szilágyi Szilárd , Kovács Béla
Published: April 2019

Scientific research from the last decades showed that the inappropriate industrial and agricultural production caused an abnormal increase of the potentially toxic elements in the soil. Unfortunately the acidification of the soil is an increasing problem in Hungary. According to Várallyay et al. (2008) 13% of the Hungarian soils are highly acid. Accumulation of toxic elements differs in the genetically diverse plant species. The root of the plant constitutes a filter so that the rootstock is also kind of a filter system, which may prevent that the scion part (such as berry) accumulate high levels of various potentially toxic elements from the soil. The aim of research was to determine how different grape rootstocks influence the As, Co, Cu and Zn content of the musts and seeds. Thus, specifying which of the grape rootstocks takes up the lowest level of these 4 elements (As, Co, Cu and Zn), and accumulates in berries, so could reduce the potentially toxic element load of the grape berries. The grape rootstock collection of the University of Debrecen was set up in 2003 in 3x1 m spacing on immune sandy soil. Grafting of ‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ was started in 2010. We could evaluate yields harvested from 12 rootstock varieties of the experiment in October 2011. We obtained valuable differences in the arsenic, copper, cobalt and zinc concentrations of musts and seeds of ‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ grafted into different rootstocks. The results obtained from the 2011 harvest support the statement that the choice of rootstock might be an important factor to increase food safety. The differences in concentration of the four elements observed in case of the rootstock may have been caused on one hand by the rootstock effect, and on the other hand, the vintage effect has a very significant impact on the vines element uptake. Several years of experimental results will be needed to answer these questions.
Study of the economic involvement of civil organizations
Authors: Pierog Anita
Published: April 2019

On the basis of definitions found in the literature, as well as my own, civil organizations are such structures that basically have specific organizational characteristics and their own management tasks in view of their operational principles.

In my study, I describe the status quo of civil organizations, as regards their “economic involvement”. On this basis, I examined the level of the economic involvement of civil organizations, more specifically as to the level of economic partnership between representatives of civil organizations and greater society. I placed the economic involvement of civil organizations into three categories: ‘active’, ‘passive’ and ‘has no effect on individuals in society’. During my research, I largely build my investigations on the results I obtain through questionnaires, which I measure on a representative sample. On the basis of this sampling, the County Court of Justice was able to launch its own website. Thus, my research on this topic included the townships in Hajdú-Bihar County.

The results of my research arise from an analysis of data I collected in 2010–2011. This data allowed me to be able to make several observations concerning the specific activities of civil organizations. I have result of the organizations’ annual income, as well as the types of revenues they obtain the county. The results of my analysis of the examined organizations show that more than two-thirds (66.7%) of their available revenues totaled less than one million Hungarian Forints, with no significant difference in the amount of revenue existing between the two organizational types (association, foundation). The most common source of revenue claimed by the studied organizations was from membership fees and/or various types of funding programs. In examining civil organizations on the basis of their type, I made the observation that in the case of associations, it was the membership fees which were the most characteristic type of income, followed by the 1% donation possibility from personal income tax filings for foundations, but funding proposal possibilities were also important for both types of organization.
Effect of floor type and bedding system on sows lifespan
Authors: Soltész Angéla
Published: April 2019

The paper studies two nucleus pig farms in the Great Plain region of Hungary which have same management, same feeding system but different breeding technology (Farm A had solid floor with straw and Farm B had slatted floor without straw). The genetics of sows were crossbred Dutch Large White and Dutch Landrace. The comparative examination was based on the causes of culling according to the different floor type. To the analysis of culling reasons was applied the methods of survival analysis.

In the analysis there were used the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox Proportional Hazard model to the estimate the difference between the farms. The results of survival analysis showed significant difference (p<0.05) between the lifespan of sows that caused the difference between the survival probabilities of sows culled due to lameness. Furthermore there was showed that the sows kept on solid floor with straw have stayed in production longer than on slatted floor without straw. The hazard ratio was 1.434 that means that the culling due to lameness is 1.434 times higher by the slatted floor without straw facing by solid floor with straw.
Long term researches regarding the irrigation influence on sugarbeet crop inthe Crisurilor Plain
Authors: Brejea Radu , Domuţa Cristian
Published: April 2019

The paper is based on the researches carried out in the long term trial placed on the preluvosoil from Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea, Crisurilor Plain in during 1976–2012.

The soil water reserve in 0–75 cm depth decreased bellow easily available water content every year and in 32% of years the soil water reserve decreased bellow wilting point. For optimum water supply an irrigation rate of 2665 m3 ha-1 (variation interval 500–5090 m3 ha-1) was needed.

The irrigation determined improving of water/temperature + light report (Domuta climate index) with 47.4% in average in the period May–September. A statistically very significant connection was quantified between this indicator and the yield.

Daily water consumption increased in the irrigated variant, the biggest difference in comparison with unirrigated variant was registered in August, 86% in comparison with unirrigated variant. As consequence, the value of the total water consumption increased with 50%, variation interval was 11–154%. The irrigation covered 37.8% of total water consumption, the variation interval was 8.3%–67.9%.

The yield level of the sugarbeet increased in average with 61%, the variation interval was 9–227%. Standard deviation was lower in the irrigated variant and this emphasizes an improve of the yield stability with 25.1%. The sugar content of the sugarbeet roots from irrigated variant increased statistically very significantly in the droughty years and differs significantly in the rainy years.

Water use efficiency increased in the irrigated variant with 7% and irrigation water use efficiency was between 7.9 kg yield gain 1 m-3 irrigation water and 17.4 kg yield gain 1 m-3 irrigation water.

The positive influence of the irrigation on microclimate, water consumption, yield level, stability and quality and on water use efficiency sustain the need of the irrigation in sugarbeet from Crisurilor Plain.
Seasonal variations in somereproductive parameters of Dorper Rams in Hungary
Authors: Budai Csilla , Oláh János , Egerszegi István , Jávor András , Kovacs András
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that season has an affect on semen quality and scrotal circumference of Dorper rams. The experiment was carried out with six Dorper rams aged between 15 and 18 month. Semen samples were collected with artificial vagina and volume, concentration (x 109/ml), total sperm number/ejaculate (x 109), mass motility (0–5), progressive motility (%), scrotal circumference (cm) was observed. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in concentration, total sperm number/ejaculate, scrotal circumference in different seasons. Volume was the highest in autumn (1.4±0.5 ml) and the lowest in the spring (1.3±0.4 ml). Concentration of semen was lower in spring (2.6±1.5 x 109) and summer (3.3±1.5 x 109) as compared to fall (4.1±1.1 x 109) (P<0.05). Regarding total sperm number/ejaculate (x 109), scrotal circumference (cm) all the seasons differed significantly (P<0.05), although the season had no effect on mass motility and progressive individual motility (P<0.05). In conclusion the present study showed that semen quality parameters and scrotal circumference of Dorper rams were better in autumn than in the other sea- sons.
The hydric stress influence on quantityand quality of the maize yield in the Crisurilor Plainconditions
Authors: Domuţa Cristian
Published: April 2019

The paper is based on the researches carried out in an experiment placed on the preluvosoil from Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea, Crisurilor Plain during 2008–2011in the following variants: V1=Irrigated, without irrigation suspending; V2=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in May; V3=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in June; V4=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in July; V5=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in August; V6=Unirrigated. The hybrid used: Fundulea 376. In the variant with optimum irrigation, water reserve on 0–75 cm depth was maintained between easily available water content and field capacity. Pedological drought was determined every year and the irrigation was also needed. The irrigation determined the increase of the total water consumption and yield gain in comparison with unirrigated variant. Irrigation suspending in different months determined the yield losses very significant statistically. The biggest protein content was registered in the variant without irrigation suspending; the values registered in the variants with irrigation suspending in May, June, July and August and in the unirrigated variant are smaller, with differences statistically assured. There was a direct link between de Martonne aridity index values and water consumption, yield and protein content and an inverse link between pedological drought and yield quantity and protein content. These are the arguments for irrigation opportunity in maize from Criurilor Plain.
The past and present of Érmellék wine region
Authors: Kiss Klára
Published: April 2019

Érmellék is an area of the Partium. It is situated between Szilágy and Bihar counties and between River Kraszna and Berettyó. Its name is from Ér, the small brook, which crosses the area. Érmellék is famous for its wine production, because its climate is favourable for this kind of trade. Only a few information sheets of the small Partium-belonging micro-region, Érmellék are published nowadays. Érmellék has extremely picturesque architectural wine cellar rows, of which ”szalacsi” wine cellar row (wine cellar row system) with its unique structure consists of about a thousand cellars.
Spectral analysis of stress symptoms caused by apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha
Authors: Nagy Attila , Riczu Péter , Tamás János
Published: April 2019

An orchard can be examined on the basis of spectral data, using methods with which the reflected radiation can be divided into a large number of (several hundreds) small spectral channel (some nm). Calculated on the basis of such hyperspectral data from different index numbers the water supply of foliage conditions can be well characterized.

The research site is an intensive apple orchard, which located in University of Debrecen, Agricultural Sciences Centre, Farm and Regional Research Institute at Pallag. During my experiments the preliminary evaluation of spectral, non-invasive measurement method are carried out for detecting stress symptoms caused by Podosphaera leucotricha.

Based on the results narrow band greenness indices (NDVI705, mNDVI705, mSR705 and REP) can be used for determination of diseased canopy and for the detection of stress symptoms of Podosphaera leucotricha,. These statements can be utilized in precision plant protection systems, since it can be a basis for such integrated active sensors with LED or laser light source, measuring reflectance at the certain spectral range, which can facilitate real time status assessment of orchards and can control precision fungicide utilization.
Decarbonisation and renewable energies in Hungary
Authors: Nagy Orsolya
Published: April 2019

The decarbonisation of the power sector signifies reducing its carbon dependency. The aim of several programmes is making a conversion to a sustainable & low-carbon economy. Some of the targets by the EU are legally binding, thus appear in the national legislation and strategies. To meet the objective, we need to use renewable energy soures expansively.
Effect of PRPSOL soil conditioner on the physical status of the soil in conventional and reduced tillage systems
Authors: Szűcs Lilla , Tuba Géza , Zsembeli József
Published: April 2019

The effect of PRP-SOL soil conditional on soil compaction, moisture content and bulk density is studied in a long-term soil cultivation experiment from 1997 on a heavy textured meadow chernozem soil, in reduced and conventional tillage at Karcag Research Institute. Our investigations were made in the vegetation period of corn, in June and after harvesting, on stubble. Soil compaction was measured with a penetrometer, the actual moisture content was determined by gravimetric method. The bulk density values of the regularly cultivated soil layer of 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths were defined from undisturbed soil samples. We established that after 3 years the application of the soil conditioner has positive effect on soil compaction and moisture status of the top layer in the reduced tillage system. We could not figure out this positive effect in the case of conventional tillage.
Marketing analysis of the Villány wine region
Authors: Törökné Kiss Klára
Published: April 2019

Hungarian wine is not in such a bad position as it is considered. We have outstanding specialists and the country’s natural conditions are also proper. In Hungary, there are wine production and wine consumption has a major traditions. The role of marketing in our wine industry is growing more and more, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. The development of tourism in wine-growing regions and advertising would considerably promote the popularity of Hungarian wine.
The effect of short term storage on different winter wheat varieties rheological properties
Authors: Móré Mariann , Diósi Gerda , Győri Zoltán , Sipos Péter
Published: April 2019

The aim of storage after harvest is to protect the quality of wheat, because after-ripening occurs in the first 5–6 weeks. During this time it very important to make the optimal storage conditions.

We have carried out storage experiment with wheat samples from Látókép Research Farm of the University of Debrecen. We analyzed the rheological parameters of Lupus and GK Csillag varieties from the crop year 2011/2012. The experiment period was between July and August 2012 (24. 07. 2012., 31. 07. 2012., 21. 08. 2012.).We determined the rheological parameters (water absorption, dough stability time and valorigraph quality number) of Lupus and GK Csillag during short term storage. Our results showed that after-ripening increased the baking quality of Lupus and GK Csillag during storage.
Opportunities and barriers of local products’ sales in rural regions
Authors: Bótáné Horváth Noémi
Published: April 2019

Nowadays local economy systems are highlighted in the Hungarian, the European and also in the global economy system. Inhabitants and local products, services created by them are the most important elements of local economy systems. Local products are especially important in areas with special conditions, in the underprivileged rural areas. Sales of these products and services on local level and above could give answer to economic and social challenges in these regions. In the same time to become part of the economic system selecting the best marketing channels for these products is very important. In this study, based on a case study in Mezőcsát, possible marketing channels are revealed through quantitative research based on primer and secunder data and SWOT analysis. In the case of Mezőcsát for local sales the best place is the local market, while webshop is the best for sales outside Mezőcsát.