bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving calibration of groundwater flow models using headwater streamflow intermittence
Authors: Abhervé Ronan , Roques Clément , Dreuzy Jean-Raynald de , Datry T , Brunner Philip , Longuevergne Laurent , Aquilina Luc
Published: May 2024

Non-perennial streams play a crucial role in ecological communities.
However, the key parameters and processes involved in stream
intermittence remain poorly understood. While climate conditions,
geology and land use are well identified, assessing and modeling the
groundwater controls on streamflow intermittence remains a challenge. In
this study, we explore new opportunities to calibrate process-based 3D
groundwater flow models designed to simulate stream intermittence in
groundwater-fed headwaters. Streamflow measurements and stream network
maps are jointly considered to constrain aquifer’s effective hydraulic
properties in hydrogeological models. The simulations were then
validated using visual observations presence/absence of water, provided
by a national monitoring network in France (ONDE). We tested the
methodology on two pilot catchments with unconfined shallow crystalline
aquifer, the Canut and Nançon (Brittany, France). We found that
streamflow and expansion/contraction dynamics of the stream network are
both necessary to calibrate simultaneously hydraulic conductivity K and
porosity θ with low uncertainties. Conversely, calibration resulted in
accurate prediction of stream intermittence - in terms of flow and
spatial extent. For the two catchments studied, the Canut and Nançon,
hydraulic conductivity is close reaching 1.5 x 10
m/s and 4.5 x 10 m/s respectively. However, they
differ more by their storage capacity, with porosity estimated at 0.1 %
and 2.2 % respectively. Lower storage capacities lead to higher
fluctuations in the water table, increasing the proportion of
intermittent streams and reducing perennial flow. This new modeling
framework allowing to predict streamflow intermittence in headwaters can
be deployed to improve our understanding of groundwater controls in
different geomorphological, geological, and climatic contexts. It will
benefit from advances in remote sensing and crowdsourcing approaches
that generate new observed data products with high spatial and temporal
resolution.
Design and synthesis of cyclic dinucleotide analogues containing triazolyl C-nucleosides
Authors: Ma Jinliang , Xu Hui , Hou Ke , Cao Yaru , Xie Di , Yan Jiayin , Dong Wenpei , Jiang Tao , Chen Chang-Po
Published: May 2024

Natural Cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) is the secondary messenger involving
bacterial hemostasis, human innate immunity, and bacterial antiphage
immunity. Synthetic CDN and its analogues are key molecular probes and
potential immunotherapeu-tics. Several CDN analogues are under clinical
research for antitumor immunotherapy. A myriad of synthetic methods has
been developed and reported to prepare CDN and its analogues. Chemical
modifications of phosphate, ribose, and nucleo-base of natural CDN have
been investigated using solid phase or solution phase strategy. However,
most of the protocols take multisteps and only one CDN or its analogue
could be prepared in one time. In this paper, a strategy based on a
mac-rocyclic ribose phosphate skeleton containing a 1’-alkynyl group was
designed and developed to prepare CDN analogues containing triazolyl
C-nucleosides by Click chemistry. Combinatorial application of Click
chemistry and sulfenylation cascade to the macrocyclic skeleton extended
the diversity of CDN analogues. This macrocyclic skeleton strategy could
rapidly and efficiently provide CDN analogues to facilitate the research
of microbiology, immunology, and the development of immu-notherapeutics.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the medicinal insect Blaps rhynchopetera (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) using Nanopore and Hi-C technologies
Authors: wei zhang , Yue Li , Qi Wang , Qun Yu , Yuchen Ma , Lei Huang , Chenggui Zhang , Zizhong Yang , Jiapeng Wang , Huai Xiao
Published: May 2024

The Blaps rhynchopetera Fairmaire is a significant medicinal resource in
southwestern China. We utilized Nanopore and Hi-C technologies in
combination to generate a high-quality, chromosome-level assembly of the
B. rhynchopetera genome and described its genetic features. Gene surveys
revealed that B. rhynchopetera is a highly heterozygous species. The
assembled genome was 379.24 Mb in size, of which 96.03% was assigned to
20 pseudochromosomes. A total of 212.93 Mb of repeat sequences were
annotated and 26,824 protein-coding genes were identified. Phylogenetic
analysis indicated that the divergence of the ancestors of B.
rhynchopetera and its closely related species Tenebrio molitor at about
85.6 mya. The co-linearity analysis showed that some chromosomes of B.
rhynchopetera may have happen fission events and it has a good synteny
relationship with Tribolium castaneum. Furthermore, in GO and KEGG
enrichment analyses, the gene families related to detoxification and
immunity of B. rhynchopetera facilitated the understanding its
environmental adaptations, which will provide research references for
the prevention of some pests and the protection of beneficial insects.
This high-quality reference genome will also contribute to the
conservation of insect species diversity and genetic resources.
Small Desmoplastic Round Cell Tumor of the Kidney Following Hodgkin Lymphoma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rosenfeld Aaron , Blain Sarah , Yuki Kyoko , Kanwar Nisha , Villani Anita , Empringham Brianna , Abbott Lesleigh
Published: May 2024

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive
sarcoma that most commonly presents in males with abdominal and
peritoneal invasion. There are potential curative therapeutic options,
but survival remains poor. To this day, there have only been 19 reported
cases of primary renal DSRCT in the literature and thoracic DSRCT has
been rarely reported with very little known about effective therapy. We
present a patient with a case of thoracic relapse of DSRCT after a
primary renal lesion and prior history of nodular lymphocyte predominant
Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Enhanced energy density of high entropy alloy (Fe-Co-Ni-Cu-Mn) and green graphene hybrid supercapacitor
Authors: Mohanty Gobinda Chandra , Gowda Chinmayee Chowde , Gakhad Pooja , Verma Anu , Das Shubhasikha , Chowdhary Shamik , Bhattacharya Jayanta , Singh Abhishek , Biswas Koushik , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: May 2024

Given the growing demand for new materials for supercapacitor
applications, high entropy alloys (HEAs) are being extensively
investigated. They are an efficient alternative to existing energy
sources due to their synergistic contribution from individual element.
We demonstrate the development of nanostructured HEA (FeCoNiCuMn) as a
cathode material with specific capacitance (C ) of
~388 F g (5 mV s
). As anode material, green graphene (rice straw
biochar) synthesized using pyrolysis shows a maximum C
of ~560 F g at similar scan rate (5
mV s ). A hybrid asymmetric liquid state device was
assembled using the FeCoNiCuMn nanostructured HEA and green graphene as
electrodes. Utilizing the green source, the device provided a high C
of 83.22 F g at 2 A g
. The specific energy of the device was 33.4 Wh kg
and specific power of 1.7 kW kg
. The electrochemical behavior of each element in
the high entropy composition was studied through post X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic analysis.
The chemical behavior of FeCoNiCuMn is further investigated using DFT
studies. The enhanced electrochemical properties and synergistic
contribution of each element of the HEA is studied via of d-band
theory. The current work can be utilized to develop asymmetric hybrid
supercapacitors as environmental friendly energy source.
Enantioselective Construction of Polycyclic Chromanes through Organocatalytic Multicomponent Quintuple Reaction via One-pot Sequential Procedure
Authors: Wang Jie , Qin Hang , Song Ya-Li , Cao Fei , You Zhi-Hao
Published: May 2024

An efficient and highly stereoselective synthetic method access to
polycyclic chromanes has been achieved through organocatalyzed
three-component reactions involving 2-hydroxycinnamaldehydes,
2-aminochalcones, and malononitrile as substrates. The reactions
underwent a quintuple process by
aza-Michael/Michael/Knoevenagel/oxa-Michael/aldol-type reaction in
sequence to give products bearing 3 new generated rings and 5 chiral
centers in moderate to quantitative yields with excellent
enantioselectivities. A novel retro-reaction mechanism was discovered in
the synthetic transformations of products.
A GIS-Based Approach to Site Vegetated Buffer Strips for Erosion Control Within an Agricultural Catchment in Southern England
Authors: Hudson Cat , Lovell Harold , Pearson Alastair W. , Schaefer Martin , Soar Philip J.
Published: May 2024

Agricultural soil erosion is largely attributed to arable
extensification and increased mechanisation. Runoff from arable land and
intensively managed grassland transports sediment and contaminants
across the landscape and into watercourses, causing crop loss, land
degradation and water quality issues. One low-cost and low-maintenance
nature-based mitigation approach is the implementation of vegetated
buffer strips (VBS): grassland sited along field margins to trap
sediment and contaminants, reducing transportation and diffuse pollution
rates. GIS modelling using remotely sensed landscape indices and land
parcel data can provide an efficient means of identifying priority areas
for intervention at sub-catchment or farm system scales. We develop and
test a scalable runoff risk model in the lower Rother catchment, West
Sussex. The model uses the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
applied to satellite images as an erodibility proxy and identifies
locations along pathways that are conceivably at greatest risk of
sediment accumulation and transfer, guided by field observations.
Current and historical field boundaries near high-risk locations are
evaluated for their potential capacity to reduce runoff using an
innovative ranking system. Recommendations are made for VBS
implementation and utility of historical field margin restoration is
discussed. Our method offers a rapid approach with minimal data
requirements to identify high-risk erosion locations and priority sites
for intervention. The tool has the potential to guide decision-makers
responsible for targeting and implementing soil erosion control measures
such as VBS, while also maximising agri-environmental and cultural
benefits.
TIMELY DIAGNOSIS OF PID: LEVERAGING ULTRASOUND FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Edward Majani , Ernest Atuoha , Christopher Tsikata Yao , Hakayuwa Clyde Moono , Enairat Aesha , Suliman Roaa Omer Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Timely diagnosis of PID is crucial for effective management, and
leveraging ultrasound can enhance this process. Acute PID presents
diagnostic challenges due to its variable symptoms, which can be subtle
or nonspecific, and may even be asymptomatic. These factors often lead
to delays in diagnosis and treatment, contributing to inflammatory
complications in the upper genital tract. While laparoscopy offers a
more precise diagnosis, its limited availability and inability to detect
all forms of PID make it less practical for timely management. However,
Transvaginal sonography (TVS) can be a valuable tool in this regard,
offering a non-invasive and accessible method for evaluating pelvic
inflammatory changes. By utilizing ultrasound alongside clinical
assessment, healthcare providers can improve the timeliness of PID
diagnosis, leading to more effective management and reduced risk of
complications.
Type Ⅲ fetal redundancy of the foramen ovale flap mimics hemodynamic changes of mitral stenosis: report of 2 cases and literature review
Authors: Peng Xiaohui , Zhang Panpan , Pan Mei , Hui Shanshan , Shen Tingting , You Liyi , Zhao Bo Wen
Published: May 2024

Previous studies have shown that Type Ⅲ redundancy of the foramen ovale
flap (RFOF) can mimic the hemodynamic features of other congenital heart
diseases (CHD), potentially causing misdiagnosis during the fetal
period. In this study, we present two cases of Type Ⅲ RFOF in fetuses,
which can mimic mitral stenosis (MS). This manifestation has not been
particularly highlighted in previous literature. However, this type of
MS carries a favorable prognosis.
Five-layered robot (F-robot) based on functionally graded multilayer foam antiviral low-carbon (F-MAX) system for Pathogenic Microorganism Elimination
Authors: Fei Zhongjie , Fan Haotian , Gu Wangcheng , Xiao Pengfei , Zhou Dongrui , Ge Song
Published: May 2024

In this study, a revolutionary air filtration technology, the F-MAX
multilayer composite plate, is introduced, offering high efficiency and
environmental sustainability. This innovative system is designed to
capture a wide range of pollutants, including harmful viruses and
bacteria, enhancing air quality significantly. The F-MAX combines
multiple layers, each tailored to target specific particles, with
features like an electrostatically charged melt-blown fabric and
eco-friendly materials like lithium brine by-product magnesia. Its
durability, antiviral, and antibacterial properties make it a
sustainable choice for air purification, suitable for both commercial
and residential use. This system represents healthier living
environments, effectively removing airborne contaminants, and
demonstrating a commitment to a sustainable future. Additionally, the
study introduces the F-robot specifically designed for laboratory
environments to ensure pristine air quality.
Biodiversity shows unique responses to land-use change across regional biomes
Authors: Bevan Peggy , Ferreira Guilherme , Ingram Daniel , Rowcliffe Marcus , Young Lucy , Freeman Robin , Jones Kate
Published: May 2024

Biogeography has a critical influence on how ecological communities
respond to threats and how effective conservation interventions are
designed. For example, the resilience of ecological communities is
linked to environmental and climatic features, and the nature of threats
impacting ecosystems also varies geographically. Understanding
community-level threat responses may be most accurate at fine spatial
scales, however collecting detailed ecological data at such a high
resolution would be prohibitively resource intensive. In this study, we
aim to find the spatial scale that could best capture variation in
community-level threat responses whilst keeping data collection
requirements feasible. Using a database of biodiversity records with
extensive global coverage, we modelled species richness and total
abundance (the responses) across land-use types (reflecting threats),
considering three different spatial scales: biomes, biogeographical
realms, and regional biomes (the interaction between realm and biome).
We then modelled data from three highly sampled biomes separately to ask
how responses to threat differ between regional biomes and taxonomic
group. We found strong support for regional biomes in explaining
variation in species richness and total abundance compared to biomes or
realms alone. Our biome case studies demonstrate that there is a high
variation in magnitude and direction of threat responses across both
regional biomes and taxonomic group, but all groups in tropical forest
showed a consistently negative response, whilst many taxon-regional
biome groups showed no clear response to threat in temperate forest and
tropical grassland. Our results suggest that the taxon-regional biome
unit has potential as a reasonable spatial and ecological scale for
understanding how ecological communities respond to threats and
designing effective conservation interventions to bend the curve on
biodiversity loss.
Using eLearning to improve and retain knowledge of community health workers in maternal and neonatal health in Rwanda: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mazimpaka Christian , Sangwa Yves , Ndaruhutse Victor , Radeny Samson , Ndatimana Dieudonne , Niragire François , Mukamana Beatrice , Uwamariya Josee , Kabanda Clovis , Nyirafaranga Angelique , Uzayisenga Marie Chantal , Kanakuze Chris Adrien , Gasamagera Jean Claude , Umunyana Jacqueline , Rutayisire Erigene
Published: May 2024

Background: In Rwanda, Community Health Workers (CHWs) serve a
crucial function in providing community-based maternal and neonatal
health (CBMNH) services. However, limited access to refresher training
contributes to knowledge gaps among CHWs, affecting their confidence and
ability to execute their roles effectively. This study aimed to evaluate
the impact of eLearning on enhancing and maintaining CHWs’ knowledge of
CBMNH. Methods: This prospective cohort study, conducted from
April-October 2021 in two Rwandan districts, evaluated knowledge
acquisition and retention among 36 Community Health Workers (CHWs)
participating in an eLearning course. Knowledge scores were measured
using a structured questionnaire administered pre-training,
post-training, and at a six-month follow-up. Descriptive analysis and
paired t-tests were used to assess mean score differences, exploring the
effectiveness of this eLearning approach. Results: This study
demonstrated an improvement in Community Health Workers’ (CHWs)
performance scores following eLearning training, with an average rise
from 86.5% to 98.2%. The improvement was sustained at a six-month
follow-up. Statistical significance was found between age category and
CHWs’ pre and post-test performance (p=0.01, p=0.04 respectively), and
between years of experience and pre-test scores (p=0.02), highlighting
demographic influences on training outcomes. Conclusions: The
results of this study suggest that eLearning is an effective method for
enhancing and retaining CHWs’ knowledge of CBMNH. The findings support
the use of eLearning as a valuable strategy for strengthening the
capacity of CHWs in Rwanda and other countries with similar contexts.
Complex seasonal patterns of habitat use by a keystone mesopredator in boreal forest landscapes fragmented by fire.
Authors: Arnold Derek , Breed Greg , Laufenberg Jared , Berg Nathan , Bertram Mark , Scotton Bradley , Kielland Knut
Published: May 2024

Wildfire is the most important disturbance regime in North American
boreal forest communities, driving forest composition and structure
across this region. Recent climate models predict that increasing fire
intensity and frequency will result in a shift from a largely coniferous
forest to one with a greater dominance by deciduous species. We
investigated how an iconic predator of the boreal system, the Canada
lynx (Lynx canadensis), moves through a range of burn scars (2-78 years
old) and if these movements reflect habitat selection of their main
prey, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). Using GPS collars at 4-h fix
rates, we fitted integrated step selection models to lynx movements
across an 80-year post-fire chronosequence to assess habitat selection
in both deciduous and coniferous forests. We predicted that lynx would
primarily select intermediately-aged spruce, but young deciduous stands,
mirroring the habitat selection of snowshoe hares. We found, however,
that lynx habitat selection peaked at intermediately aged stands in both
forest types. We hypothesize that this difference is driven by selection
for habitats that maximize capture probability as opposed to simply
representing the highest hare density. This idea is supported by
observed seasonal changes in peak selection in deciduous stands, with
selection for younger stands in winter, when leaf loss reduces cover.
There was no seasonal change in coniferous stands as they experience
little change in cover across seasons. Together these results show that
lynx can be resilient to short-term shifts toward intermediate-aged
stands. However, these benefits will likely diminish in the longer term
as the decrease in fire return interval may reduce the prevalence of
intermediate-age stands.
Subtelomeric Microdeletion in Chromosome 20p13 Associated with Short Stature
Authors: Liu Jiao , Li Yuwen , Andersson Hans , Upadia Jariya
Published: May 2024

Chromosome 20p13 microdeletion occurs rarely, with only 10 reported
cases. We report a 16-year-old male with a 1.59 Mb terminal deletion in
chromosome 20p13, who presented with proportionate short stature, mild
language delay, mild learning disability, and delayed puberty. The
clinical phenotype associated with this deletion can exhibit clinical
variability. The
Comparison of clinical outcomes between transthoracic echocardiography and X-Ray guided left bundle branch pacing for bradycardia: a randomised control trial - An Editorial
Authors: Naraen Akriti
Published: May 2024

Conduction system pacing has brought abut a shift in the delivery of
device therapy. Although gaining growing adoption, challenges remain;
one of which is higher fluoroscopy times. Yang et al describe reducing
and even aiming to eliminate fluoroscopy in left bundle area pacing
implantation and replacing lead visualisation with transthoracic
echocardiography. This editorial reviews these methods in context with
recent developments in conduction system pacing and current literature.
Is Mitochondrual and Endoplasmic reticulum stress a key link in coronary Ischemia-Reperfusion injury?
Authors: Guo Zhijiang , Tian Yingjie , Chen Xiaohan , Yuan Guoxing , Chang An , Zhang Yuchu , Wu Jie , Chang Xing
Published: May 2024

Ischemic heart disease is a myocardial disorder stemming from coronary
atherosclerosis. Treatment methods encompass thrombolysis,
interventional surgery, and coronary artery bypass grafting. However,
restoring blood supply to the damaged region can exacerbate myocardial
injury, leading to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury .
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represent interconnected
membrane systems crucial for energy metabolism, signal transduction, and
cell death. The unfolded protein response in cardiac cells maintains ER
equilibrium, while mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to
myocardial injury associated with I/R. This review comprehensively
outlines the roles of ER and mitochondria in regulating I/R injury in
cardiac cells, with a focus on the targeted mechanisms of natural
compounds and small molecules.
MiR-21-5p Promotes RPE Cell Necroptosis by Targeting Peli1 in a Rat Model of AMD
Authors: Shu Yishun , Mu Tong , Li Ziwen , Zong Tianyi , Liu Yanqiu , Xie Tianhua , Tan Chengye , Zhuang Miao , Yang Qian , Wu Meili , Wang Xiaolu , Yao Yong
Published: May 2024

Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD) is characterized
by the accumulation of scattered drusen and progressive atrophy of
retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which leads to the degeneration
of photoreceptor cells and a decrease in central vision. MiR-21-5p plays
an important role in a variety of ophthalmological diseases, such as
diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, pterygium, and laser-induced choroidal
neovascularization. Therefore, we speculate that miR-21-5p may be
involved in the regulation of RPE cell damage in AMD. Rats with
NaIO3-induced dry AMD received an intravitreal injection of miR-21-5p
agomir or antagomir. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus,
histopathological studies and biochemical markers were assessed. We
observed high expression of miR-21-5p in NaIO3-treated rats.
Intravitreal injection of the miR-21-5p agomir significantly accelerated
NaIO3-induced RPE damage. This response was ameliorated by the
pretreatment of dry AMD model rats with the miR-21-5p antagomir.
Moreover, miR-21-5p regulated CoCl2-induced RPE cell necroptosis in
vitro, as shown by flow cytometry and immunostaining for receptor
interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and HMGB1. Specifically, miR-21-5p
bound to the Pellino1 (Peli1) 3’ UTR to silence its expression. Peli1
overexpression effectively prevented CoCl2-induced RPE cell necroptosis.
These findings show the potential for miRNA-based therapy in the
treatment of dry AMD.
The Effect of Internalized Stigma on Social Anxiety, Functioning and Subjective Recovery after Group Cognitive Interventions for First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Lassman Libby , Thibaudeau Élisabeth , Sert Olivier Percie Du , Lecomte Tania , Malla Ashok , Lepage Martin
Published: May 2024

Aim To evaluate whether internalized stigma predicts social
anxiety, functioning, and subjective recovery in first episode psychosis
differently between group cognitive-behavioral therapy that addressed
internalized stigma and cognitive remediation. Methods Data was
derived from a randomized controlled trial comparing group
cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety with group cognitive
remediation in 96 first-episode psychosis participants (18-35 years)
with social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety, internalized stigma,
functioning, and subjective recovery were assessed at baseline,
post-intervention, three and six months later. Results Linear
mixed models revealed a significant positive effect of internalized
stigma on social anxiety, functioning, and subjective recovery, with no
significant interaction between internalized stigma and treatment group,
nor with each time point for all three outcomes. Conclusion
Results show that internalized stigma did predict improved outcomes but
was not specific to group cognitive-behavioral therapy, relative to
group cognitive remediation in the current sample, suggesting a general
therapeutic benefit of group therapy.
A Review on Biological Control of Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Insect Pests by Microbial Entomopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Ferdous Raihan , Ahmmed Abu
Published: May 2024

Cruciferous crops including cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, broccoli, and
radish, are crucial components of winter crop production. These crops
face significant threats from a range of insect pests, notably Pieris
brassicae (cabbage butterfly), Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth),
Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid), and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage
looper). Diamondback moth (DBM), stands out as a global scourge, causing
up to 80% of crucifer crop losses worldwide. Alarmingly, DBM has
developed resistance to a staggering array of synthetic insecticides,
rendering traditional chemical control strategies increasingly
ineffective. This growing crisis necessitates a transition to
environmentally friendly pest management methods, and entomopathogenic
fungi (EPF) have emerged as promising solutions. EPFs, such as Beauveria
bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii offer
sustainable alternatives. These fungi, with their diverse insect hosts
and compatibility, have demonstrated significant efficacy against
lepidopteran insect pests. With approximately 750 EPF species identified
over the last century, their adaptability to various ecosystems is
evident. EPF possesses formidable enzymatic capabilities and produces
potent toxins, making them formidable biological control agents. Once
they infect an insect host, EPF exhibits vigorous vegetative growth,
invading host tissues and triggering a cascade of physiological,
histological, and pathological changes, ultimately resulting in the
death of the host insect. The versatility of EPF, including their wide
host range, environmental prevalence, enzymatic prowess, and lethal
toxins, positions them as ideal candidates for sustainable and
eco-friendly pest management strategies in cruciferous crop production.
This review explores the potential of microbial entomopathogenic fungi,
specifically B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, in addressing the challenges
posed by DBM and other crucifer insect pests, shedding light on
sustainable pest control methods for cruciferous crops.
Strategic Mindset Facilitates Social Feedback Processing and Self-Concept Adjustment
Authors: Huang Yi , Yang Yaqi , Siu Oi Ling
Published: May 2024

The mindsets related to individuals’ abilities and personalities can
explain why some people are more open to learning from others and
improving themselves. A strategic mindset, which involves frequently
asking oneself strategy-eliciting questions, has been linked to better
academic performance among students. Yet the neuropsychological
mechanisms underlying the strategic mindset in the domain of social
interaction remain unclear. Here we investigated the relationships among
a strategic mindset, social feedback processing and self-concept
adjustment. Our event-related potential study (N = 41) showed a positive
correlation between a strategic mindset and the neural indicator of
social conflict (i.e., the N400 component). Moreover, a strategic
mindset selectively responds to positive social feedback, supported by
its positive correlations with the amplitude of the late positive
potential (LPP) in response to desirable feedback. Our behavioural study
(N = 45) further demonstrated that individuals with a higher level of
strategic mindset were more likely to update their self-concept based on
conflicting opinions presented by others. We differentiated a strategic
mindset from a growth mindset and showed that it explained unique
variance in two studies. These findings may have practical implications
for interventions aimed at encouraging individuals to ask
strategy-eliciting questions and facilitating personal growth.
An analysis of the invariance and conservation laws of some classes of nonlinear Parabolic and Ostrovsky equations and related systems
Authors: Raza A. , Kara Abdul Hamid
Published: May 2024

We study various classes of the nonlinear dynamics of some ‘high’ order
parabolic equations (pdes) like the
Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Peregrine-Burger and the
Oskolkov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equations that arise in the study
of some wave phenomena. Also, a large class of pdes arising in the
modelling of ocean waves are due to Ostrovsky. We determine the
invariance properties (through the Lie point symmetry generators) of the
nonlinear systems and construct classes of conservation laws for some of
the models above and show how the relationship leads to double
reductions of the systems. This relationship is determined by a recent
result involving ‘multipliers’ that lead to ‘total divergence’.
Multi-omics correlates of insulin resistance and circadian function mapped directly from human serum
Authors: Du Ngoc-Hien , Sinturel Flore , Nowak Nora , Gosselin Pauline , Saini Camille , Guessous Idris , Jornayvaz Francois , Philippe Jacques , Rey Guillaume , Dermitzakis Emmanouil , Zenobi Renato , Dibner Charna , Brown Steven
Published: May 2024

While it is generally known that metabolic disorders and circadian
dysfunction are intertwined, how the two systems affect each other is
not well understood, nor are the genetic factors that might exacerbate
this pathological interaction. Blood chemistry is profoundly changed in
metabolic disorders, and we have previously shown that serum factors
change cellular clock properties. To investigate if circulating factors
altered in metabolic disorders have circadian modifying effects, and
whether these effects are of genetic origin, we measured circadian
rhythms in U2OS cell in the presence of serum collected from diabetic,
obese, or control subjects. We observed that circadian period
lengthening in U2OS cells was associated with serum chemistry that is
characteristic of insulin resistance. Characterizing the genetic
variants that altered circadian period length by genome-wide association
analysis, we found that one of the top variants mapped to the E3
ubiquitin ligase MARCH1 involved in insulin sensitivity. Confirming our
data, the serum circadian modifying variants were also enriched in type
2 diabetes and chronotype variants identified in the UK Biobank cohort.
Finally, to identify serum factors that might be involved in period
lengthening, we performed detailed metabolomics, and found that the
circadian modifying variants are particularly associated with branched
chain amino acids, whose levels are known to correlate with diabetes and
insulin resistance. Overall, our multi-omics data showed comprehensively
that systemic factors serve as a path through which metabolic disorders
influence circadian system, and these can be examined in human
populations directly by simple cellular assays in common cultured cells.
INVESTIGATION OF A CONTEXT-SENSITIVE CYBER SECURITY MONITORING ALGORITHM BASED ON RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Klymash M. , Senyk A. , Pyrih Yu.
Published: May 2024

The most common problems faced by modern information and communication systems (ICS) in the context of combating cyber threats were examined in the paper. The importance of ensuring the reliable operation of ICS, and protecting their users' private data from unauthorized interception or destruction was emphasized. The main principles of effective protection of ICS systems against possible interference in their work were defined. The classification of cyber threats and their impact on the functioning of information systems was presented. Features of the use of modern information technologies were determined, such as machine learning (ML), and recurrent neural networks (RNN) for increasing the effectiveness of detecting and preventing such threats, speeding up the process of calculating large volumes of information about various aspects of the work of information and communication systems. The parameters of the analysis of ICS behavior, which indicate the presence of problems in cyber security, were studied. The features and advantages of deploying RNN in ICS were analyzed, which makes it possible to simplify the tasks of cyber defense. A modified context-sensitive algorithm for cyber security monitoring (CCM-RNN) was proposed, which is based on RNN and allows taking into account the dynamics of system changes in the established context, for example, the type or volume of traffic from users, etc. The method of selecting the most effective parameters and properties of ICS for detecting cyber threats was improved. The results of the study of the effectiveness of the use of the modified CCM-RNN algorithm demonstrated its broad capabilities for fast and accurate detection of anomalies in the operation of ICs that may threaten their cyber security. By changing the number of properties of the CCM-RNN algorithm, which correspond to the characteristics of various aspects of the IC, it is possible to achieve the maximum accuracy of cyber threat detection. The modified algorithm also allows for the reduction of the duration of calculations during analysis. Based on the research results, a conclusion was made about the feasibility of using the proposed modified CCM-RNN algorithm for the ability to detect cyber security threats in ICS by flexibly adjusting the number and type of learning parameters of neural networks. In this way, the accuracy and duration of calculations were optimized, as well as the peculiarities and contexts of information and communication systems were taken into account.
DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORK SIMULATION MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF DISTRIBUTED CONSENSUS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INSTABILITY OF NETWORK CONNECTIONS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Zhuravel S.
Published: May 2024

The dynamic and unpredictable nature of network environments poses a significant challenge for distributed systems, particularly those relying on consensus algorithms for state management and fault tolerance. To address this challenge, this article introduces a novel simulation model designed to study the impact of unstable network connections on clusters running consensus algorithms. The model is engineered to mimic varying degrees of network instability, including latency fluctuations and connection disruptions, which are characteristic of real-world distributed systems. Our proposed model represents a significant advancement in the simulation of distributed networks. It employs a sophisticated network emulation layer capable of generating a wide spectrum of unstable network conditions. The core of the model is a highly configurable consensus mechanism simulator that allows for the adjustment of key parameters such as heartbeat intervals, election timeouts, and message loss rates. This level of configurability enables a comprehensive analysis of consensus behaviors under different network scenarios. The article focuses on the methodology behind the development of the model, detailing the theoretical underpinnings and the implementation strategies used to ensure a realistic representation of network instability. We also discuss the potential applications of the model, which extend beyond academic research into practical domains where distributed ledger technologies and distributed databases are prevalent. Through the deployment of this model, researchers and system architects can gain deeper insights into the resilience and adaptability of consensus algorithms. The model serves as a tool for preemptively identifying and addressing potential issues in distributed systems, facilitating the development of more robust and reliable technologies. In summary, the article showcases the design and capabilities of a new model that enables an in-depth understanding of the delicate interplay between network instability and consensus efficiency. By focusing on the model itself, the article aims to lay a foundation for future studies and improvements in the field of distributed systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATION AND CONTROL OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS USING THE HOME ASSISTANT PLATFORM
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Beshley M. , Shkoropad Yu. , Beshley H.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the development of a cyber-physical system based on the HomeAssistant platform for efficient automation and control of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The architectural features, technical implementation and prospects for the development of the system are considered, with an emphasis on the ability to integrate a wide range of sensors and IoT devices into a single network to create adaptive and intelligent solutions. The main focus is on the implementation of automation scenarios for indoor climate control, which optimise living conditions depending on the internal needs of users and external weather conditions, significantly increasing energy efficiency and overall comfort. Data storage and analysis strategies are described in detail, including the use of NAS servers for backup, the use of MariaDB for storage and InfluxDB and Grafana for analytics and visualisation, ensuring a high level of reliability and availability of information. Testing was conducted to assess the delay of notifications transmitted via Telegram and the internal network of the cyber-physical system. The obtained results confirm the high efficiency of the implemented cyber-physical system in ensuring instant delivery of notifications, which is a key aspect for rapid response to critical situations in a dynamic environment. The Home Assistant platform has been found to have extensive capabilities to support artificial intelligence services. It integrates with a variety of services such as Google Assistant, TensorFlow, DeepStack, Amazon Alexa, and allows you to easily expand its functionality with additional components and plug-ins. Using intelligent algorithms and data analysis, the system can independently make decisions on the optimal use of resources, monitor devices in accordance with changing conditions and user needs, and respond to dangerous or unpredictable situations.
METHOD OF TWO-STAGE IMPLANTATION OF HIDDEN INFORMATION BASED ON STEGANOCOMPRESSION TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Barannik D.
Published: May 2024

In the article, the need for further development of the state is directly related to: solving issues of increasing defense capability and information security; development of information and intelligent systems. The necessity of ensuring the required level of completeness of information, compliance with the requirements of its relevance, achievement and maintenance of the appropriate level of integrity, accessibility and confidentiality is substantiated. The article emphasizes that for this purpose, complex systems of coding and information protection are being built. It is shown that recently, in order to further increase the level of security of information resources, methods of hidden embedding of information have been used. In this field of scientific and applied research, the direction of timely delivery of integral video information in a secure mode is outlined. For protection, the following can be used: meta-messages, which are formed on the basis of intelligent analysis of video frames; separate video segments of aerial photographs containing the most important information for decision-making. This article examines a class of methods of steganographic transformations, which are associated with embedding messages in digital containers, which are formed by a stream of video segments (VS). However, existing steganographic systems are based mainly on the use of the amount of psychovisual (PSV) redundancy available for reduction. Therefore, an increase in steganographic capacity leads to a loss of integrity and efficiency of delivery of video-container information. Steganocompression coding in the stegano-polyadic basis was created on the basis of taking into account the amount of redundancy permissible for reduction. In this case, in the process of compression of the components of the VS, the direct embedding of hidden information is organized. Concealment of information is carried out by technological stages, depending on the compression transformation of the transitional syntax of the quilted sequence. The key stage is the technology of two-stage implementation of the elements of the concealed message added to the stegano sequences to the syntax of the steganocompression representation of the BC components.
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY EVALUATION OF A GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Pyrih Ya.
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the estimation of computational complexity of a genetic algorithm as one of the key tools for solving optimisation problems. The theoretical aspects of computational complexity of algorithms and the interrelation of elements of a genetic algorithm are considered. The main types of computational complexity of algorithms are described: time, simple and asymptotic. Five basic rules for calculating the asymptotic complexity are given. A mathematical apparatus for estimating the asymptotic complexity of a genetic algorithm is presented, which takes into account the costs of forming the initial population and performing evolution. Evolution occurs through iterations, during which generations of individuals are subjected to certain operations in order to find an optimal solution (crossing, mutation, chromosome decoding, etc.). GA, as a global search algorithm, is considered to find the optimal path without getting stuck in local minima. To assess the computational complexity of GA, we consider solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) for 28 cities of Ukraine using a modified TSPLIB library and the DEAP platform created in the Python programming language. A block diagram of the GA is presented, the main elements of which are the tournament selection operator, the ordered crossover operator, and the inversion mutation operator. The influence of the population size and the number of generations on the asymptotic complexity of the genetic algorithm in solving the TSP problem is studied. The study considered changing the size of the GA population from 50 to 500 with a step of 50, while for each such value four sets of the number of generations were modelled: from 50 to 200 with a step of 50. Based on the obtained results, we show a linear dependence of the GA execution time on the size of the considered input data. It is shown that the smallest time complexity of the presented GA for the given TSP problem is 0.33848 seconds with a population size of 50 and a similar number of generations, while the largest value is 3.752734 seconds with a population size of 500 and a number of generations of 200. The obtained results can be used to optimise the performance of a GA in the TSP problem.
METHOD OF ENCODING VIDEO DATA IN SPECTRAL-PARAMETRIC SPACE
Authors:   Heroiv Krut Military Institute of Telecommunications and Informatization, Tsimura Yu. , Kostromytskyi A. ,   Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Suhanov O. ,   Kharkiv National University of the Air Force, Dumych S. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2024

It is shown that the development of modern infocommunication systems is followed by the trend of widespread use of wireless technologies. The level of intellectualization of the protocols of their functioning is increasing. Accordingly, the characteristics of wireless infocommunication technologies for data transmission are increasing. This contributes to their use for data transmission from remote robotic platforms in the process of information support for the functioning of critical infrastructure. It is substantiated that the transmission of video data with the required level of bit intensity on the basis of existing on-board telecommunication technologies is organized under conditions of significant time delays. Consequently, the level of efficiency of information delivery is lost. On the other hand, there are losses in the reliability of video information. It is argued that the option for solving the problem lies in the further development of technologies for encoding video information streams. The most common platform is the JPEG format. However, the city has disadvantages. They refer to the loss of compression levels in the event of a reduction in the potential for detecting psychovisual addictions. The article substantiates an approach for improvement, which consists in the use of an adapted coding technology in the spectral-parametric space. This approach consists in detecting subbands in spectral arrays and their subsequent parameterization with the formation of structural components at a significant level and length. Further processing is proposed to be carried out taking into account the informativeness of segments and reducing the amount of structural redundancy. An approach for constructing a technology for compression of spectral arrays with the detection of spectral sub-bands is substantiated. A model has been created to find the amount of information for transformed segments in the spectral-parametric space. This takes into account the available amount of redundancy, which is established by determining the constraints on the values of structural components. A method for encoding segments in spectral-parametric description has been developed. The main basic components of the method relate to the processing of sets of two-component structural-parametric components, taking into account the peculiarities of their content depending on the presence of quantization processes.