bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complex assessment of official web-sites of medical organizations
Authors: Khodakova O. V. , Evstaf’Eva Yuliya V.
Published: September 2019

The patient is a principal part in market relationships in conditions of health care system reformation. The patient is a consumer of medical services provided with set of rights, including right to choice of medical organization and right to choice ofphysician. The implementation of the given rights is possible only in conditions of competition at medical services market. So, in present situation, maintenance and getting involvedflow of patients are actual tasks raised before medical organizations. At the present stage, the official Internet web-site of medical organization play the role of one of tools of non-price competition at the market of medical services. The availability of official web-site with information in concordance with approved requirements to its content and form of presentation is a commitment of medical organizations of all organizational and legal forms fixed at the legislative level. The main purpose of web-site is to support awareness ofpatients concerning all issues related to medical services receiving, including choice of medical organization. The openness and accessibility of information to patient is a criterion of quality of web-site of medical organization. The purpose of study is to evaluate content, informativeness, accessibility and practical significance of official web-sites of medical organizations. The article presents the results of complex studying of web-sites of medical organizations including comparative analysis of official web-sites of medical organizations of state and non-state forms ofproperty, sociological assessment of structural stuffing of official web-sites of medical organizations as a tool of informing population about medical care, expertise evaluation of informativeness, accessibility and functionality of official web-sites of medical organizations.
The development of nursing model of preventive measures as a technology of health promotion in children and adolescents being in summer out-of-town recreation institutions
Authors: Pozdeeva Tat'yana V. , Tanina N. A.
Published: September 2019

The trends of deterioration of health condition of school children in Russia in many ways relates to their style of life, conditions of residence, upbringing and education in family and in school. To solve a problem of health promotion of children and adolescents a nursing model and a program of preventive activities in conditions of children out-of-town recreation institution were developed and approved. The mentioned model consists offive sets (evaluation of health and functional resources of organism of children at the stage of joining the recreation institution (CINDI questionnaire); evaluation of hygienic skills in children and their attitude to healthy life-style (parents' questionnaire); implementation of the developed nursing program of preventive activities; evaluation of effectiveness of implementation of program). The nursing program is focused on needs of children aged 6-16 years and it combines efforts of children themselves, personnel of recreation institution and parents. The medical nurse coordinator implemented control of application of the program of preventive activities in every shift of guests i.e. she evaluated implementation of intended plan of activities and also individual recommendations. The effectiveness of the nursing model ofprevention is proved: in 12 recreation shifts the percentage of children with expressed effect and also with excellent and good indices of the level of functional reserves of organism is statistically reliably increased. The result depends on material technical equipping of institution, human resources support and financing.
THE INTER-DISCIPLINARY INTERACTION OF PHYSICIANS OF DIFFERENT SPECIALTIES IN EARLY DETECTION OF PATIENTS WITH LATE FORMS OF SYPHILIS
Authors: Syrneva Tat’yana A. , Zil’Berberg N. V. , Malishevskaya N. P.
Published: September 2019

The article presents algorithm of interaction between physicians of adjacent specialties at detection of positive serological reactions in various hospital departments of medical organizations. The tactics of management of patients in case of diagnosis of syphilis are also considered.
THE EFFICIENCY OF MONITORING OF QUALITY OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS IN OPTHALMOLOGIC SURGERY CLINIC
Authors: Egorov Victor V. , Kolenko O. V. , Baleva O. B. , Sorokin E. L.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of study. To investigate efficiency of systematic monitoring of quality of treatment of patients in the ophthalmologic surgery clinic, its impact on minimization of number of cases of deviance from treatment standards. Materials and methods. The continuous statistic observation technique was applied to analyze outcomes of surgical operations and courses of treatment on one or both eyes simultaneously in 126,258 patients implemented in the Khabarovsk branch of the inter-branch scientific and technical complex «S.N. Fedorov Microsurgery of eye» during 2012-2016. The evaluation was applied to maintenance of treatment technology and functional result. The assessment of quality of maintenance of medical documentation was implemented during analysis of 108,143 medical patient records and record charts of patients completed treatment in the Branch during 2012-2016. The results were evaluated by 5 point scale. The assessment of satisfaction of patients by quality of medical care was implemented using anonymous questionnaire survey by evaluation scale. during analyzed period 2000 questionnaires were filled out. Results. During treatment, in the most of patients (99.1%) a maximal clinical result was achieved (10 or 12 points). The deviance from standard of clinical result of treatment was established in 0.9%. The monitoring of assessment of quality of treatment of patients with subsequent clinical analysis permitted to decrease rate of deviance from standard of clinical result of treatment during analyzed period up to 21.1%; rate of intra-operational complications - up to 63.6%. The results of systemic analysis of defects of maintenance of primary medical documentation permitted to decrease their number up to 1.5 times. The degree of satisfaction with quality of treatment according the sampled sociological questionnaire surveys of treated patients turned out high - 99.7%. Conclusion. The single system of assessment of quality of treatment of patients developed in the inter-branch scientific and technical complex «S.N. Fedorov Microsurgery of eye» permits to support a high level of treatment care provision and to detect on-the-fly defects of diagnostic examination and failures in technologies of treatment.
Program Pengembangan Nuklir Iran dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Masyarat Iran (1957-2006 M)
Authors: Fatoni Achmad
Published: September 2019

This research explain a series of developments relatod Iran's nuclear program that can cause conflict and displeasure particularly when Iran face the westrn country. The research takes two main problems,including the history of the emergence of Iran's nuclear program, and how the dynamics of Iran's nuclear development and the response of Middle Eastern countries.

The results of the research that the history of the emergence of Iran's nuclear program in 1957 and in it is collaboration between Mohammad Shah Reza Pahlavi and the United States when Dwight D. Eisenhower become USA president. Then the Iraq-Iran war could affect the spirit to continue Iran's nuclear program. Furthermore, Rasfanjani has focused to the Iranian people welfare and emphasized his nuclear interests to become a fowerfull country and to protect iran country. however, Iran sanctioned by the United States which makes it difficult for Iran to export oil and gas.
Kedudukan Hak Wanita Menurut Hukum Islam dan Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata)
Authors: Budianto Kun
Published: September 2019

Islam specify womankind of dimiciling competent in elementary three things, that is: First, That Islam confess womankind existence fully and intact as also to man clan. Second, Islam give facility of womankind to claim Science and give to domicile which terhormaat in social field at various his life storey;level, start from final childhood until his soul. is Third, Islam pass to estae owner rights womankind perfectly in all matter its use, since they step on adult age and do not a even also allowed to meddle forcibly, that goodness by his husband and also by others. While Dimiciling woman in Civil Law among other things is: Woman assumed [by] [is] equal to men in obtaining rights, woman own freedom in obtaining its rights without there his boundary, except woman married and underage.
‘We all want to change the world’
Authors: Milani Vanessa Pironato
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem por finalidade analisar, à luz do efervescente cenário dos anos 1960, o engajamento político de John Lennon e Yoko Ono, perceptível desde suas produções solo, e consolidado com o início de seu relacionamento, momento a partir do qual acabaram fortalecendo e ampliando seus atos artístico-políticos. Sendo assim, busca-se refletir sobre as produções musicais de tais artistas a partir da segunda metade da década 1960, demonstrando como também a música pode ser um ato revolucionário, para além dos protestos nas ruas, nos campi universitários e dos jornais e revistas undergrounds.
Governando as mudanças climáticas
Authors: Barbieri Mariana Delgado , Ferreira Leila da Costa , Barbi Fabiana
Published: September 2019

Este artigo visa analisar as estratégias políticas de Brasil e China aos desafios das mudanças climáticas. Para tanto, primeiro apresentamos a natureza das emissões de gases de efeito estufa, nos dois países. Depois, passamos à compreensão dos impactos das mudanças climáticas nos dois contextos. Por fim, analisamos as respostas governamentais de cada país à problemática. As mudanças climáticas globais configuram um desafio aos dois países, que devem conciliar o desenvolvimento econômico com mitigação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa, ao mesmo tempo em que precisam promover políticas de adaptação aliadas ao desenvolvimento. Não se trata de um estudo comparativo, mas espera-se a partir do estudo dos dois casos problematizar a questão das mudanças climáticas, numa análise multidimensional, que envolva as diversas faces desse problema sociológico global.
Terrenos tectonoestratigráficos e/ou “Maciços”
Authors: Neves Benjamim Bley de Brito
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho é uma síntese acerca do conceito de terrenos tectônico-estratigráficos.O retrospecto histórico do tema é particularmente importante para o entendimento real do conceito; implica o reconhecimento de diferentes fases de evolução do conhecimento geológico:(a) Fase preliminar e longa de discriminação e reconhecimento destes elementos tectônicos por aqueles geólogos chamados de geossinclinalistas / fixistas[~ 1900-1990], todos eles apoiados somente em argumentos descritivos.(b) Fase curta [~1970-1990] de proposição dos primeiros modelos de Tectônica de Placas, quando foram omitidas as muitas ocorrências reconhecidas dos terrenos/“maciços”, porque não podiam se ajustar aos esquemas simplistas dos primeiros modelos, ditos plaquistas.(c) Amplo desenvolvimento do conceito, desde as observações verificadas inicialmente na cordilheira norte-americana ocidental pelos geólogos do United States Geological Survey, USGS (especialmente de 1990-1995) até o presente, pari passu com o marcante enriquecimento dos diferentes e novos suportes alcançados, os quais culminaram com a (atual)admissão de uma Tectônica Global. Como consequência da última fase, quando o reconhecimento da presença de terrenos foi feito praticamente em todos os continentes e em diferentes colagens orogênicas, o conceito deve estar presente como tema obrigatório e usual dos artigos científicos com suporte geológico.
The ex-situ immobilization experiment of heavy metals in dredged marine sediments from Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Zhang Wensi , Wang Xiao , Liu Baolin
Published: September 2019

The remediation of dredged marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals has drawn increasing attention worldly. The immobilization was regarded as a promising method to reduce adverse impacts on marine ecosystem. In this study, kaolinite and limestone were used as amendments to immobilize heavy metals (e.g. Zn, Pb and Cu) respectively in dredged marine sediments collected from the coastal zone adjacent to Tianjin Port in Bohai Bay. The sequential extraction procedure was applied to identify the mobility of heavy metals and further to evaluate the immobilization effect of amendments. The physical-chemical properties of sediments, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, and total organic carbon (TOC), were also measured to better understand their influence on heavy metals’ mobility. In addition, the compositions of clay minerals were also analyzed to identify the transformation process of minerals in the sediments. The results of sequential extraction procedure indicated that mobile fractions of heavy metals were converted into relatively stable fractions because of the two amendments. In addition, EC, salinity and TOC decreased moderately while no obvious variations of pH in the sediments were observed with the addition of the the kaolinite and the limestone. The percentage of montmorillonite decreased to minimum value while that of chlorite increased gradually during the experimental periods for 40 days probably due to complexation reaction. It was confirmed that both kaolinite and limestone can effectively reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals, particularly for Zn, generally, limestone has a better immobilization effect compared with kaolinite.
Artificial Intelligence Distinguishes Surgical Training Levels in a Virtual Reality Spinal Task
Authors: Bissonnette Vincent , Mirchi Nykan , Ledwos Nicole , Alsidieri Ghusn , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Del Maestro Rolando F. ,   on behalf of the Neurosurgical Simulation & Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre
Published: September 2019

Background:

With the emergence of competency-based training, the current evaluation scheme of surgical skills is evolving to include newer methods of assessment and training. Artificial intelligence through machine learning algorithms can utilize extensive data sets to analyze operator performance. This study aimed to address 3 questions: (1) Can artificial intelligence uncover novel metrics of surgical performance? (2) Can support vector machine algorithms be trained to differentiate “senior” and “junior” participants who are executing a virtual reality hemilaminectomy? (3) Can other algorithms achieve a good classification performance?

Methods:

Participants from 4 Canadian universities were divided into 2 groups according to their training level (senior and junior) and were asked to perform a virtual reality hemilaminectomy. The position, angle, and force application of the simulated burr and suction instruments, along with tissue volumes that were removed, were recorded at 20-ms intervals. Raw data were manipulated to create metrics to train machine learning algorithms. Five algorithms, including a support vector machine, were trained to predict whether the task was performed by a senior or junior participant. The accuracy of each algorithm was assessed through leave-one-out cross-validation.

Results:

Forty-one individuals were enrolled (22 senior and 19 junior participants). Twelve metrics related to safety of the procedure, efficiency, motion of the tools, and coordination were selected. Following cross-validation, the support vector machine achieved a 97.6% accuracy. The other algorithms achieved accuracy of 92.7%, 87.8%, 70.7%, and 65.9%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Artificial intelligence defined novel metrics of surgical performance and outlined training levels in a virtual reality spinal simulation procedure.

Clinical Relevance:

The significance of these results lies in the potential of artificial intelligence to complement current educational paradigms and better prepare residents for surgical procedures.
Resident Independence Performing Common Orthopaedic Procedures at the End of Training
Authors: Kohring Jessica M. , Harrast John J. , Stotts Alan K. , Zhang Chong , Millar Morgan M. , Presson Angela P. , Saltzman Charles L.
Published: September 2019

Background:

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has established minimum exposure rates for specific orthopaedic procedures during residency but has not established the achievement of competence at the end of training. The determination of independence performing surgical procedures remains undefined and may depend on the perspective of the observer. The purpose of this study was to understand the perceptions of recently graduated orthopaedic residents on the number of cases needed to achieve independence and on the ability to perform common orthopaedic procedures at the end of training.

Methods:

We conducted a web survey of all 727 recently graduated U.S. orthopaedic residents sitting for the 2018 American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part I Examination in July 2018. The surveyed participants were asked to assess the ability to independently perform 26 common adult and pediatric orthopaedic procedures as well as to recommend the number of cases to achieve independence at the end of training. We compared these data to the ACGME Minimum Numbers and the average ACGME resident experience data for residents who graduated from 2010 to 2012.

Results:

For 14 (78%) of the 18 adult procedures, >80% of respondents reported the ability to perform independently, and for 7 (88%) of the 8 pediatric procedures, >90% reported the ability to perform independently. The resident-recommended number of cases for independence was greater than the ACGME Minimum Numbers for all but 1 adult procedure. For 18 of the 26 adult and pediatric procedures, the mean 2010 to 2012 graduated resident exposure was significantly less than the mean number recommended for independence by 2018 graduates (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Overall, recently graduated residents reported high self-perceived independence in performing the majority of the common adult and pediatric orthopaedic surgical procedures included in this study. In general, recently graduated residents recommended a greater number of case exposures to achieve independence than the ACGME Minimum Numbers.
Autologous BPTB ACL Reconstruction Results in Lower Failure Rates Than ACL Repair with and without Synthetic Augmentation at 30 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Sporsheim Anne N. , Gifstad Tone , Lundemo Trond Olav , Engebretsen Lars , Strand Torbjørn , Mølster Anders , Drogset Jon Olav
Published: September 2019

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the 30-year follow-up results after treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures with 3 different surgical procedures.

Methods:

A total of 150 patients with acute rupture of the ACL who were managed between 1986 and 1988 were randomized into 1 of 3 open repair methods: acute primary repair (n = 49), acute repair with a synthetic ligament augmentation device (LAD) (n = 50), or reconstruction with an autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft with retention of the ACL remnants (n = 51). The 30-year follow-up included evaluation of clinical findings, the Tegner and Lysholm questionnaires, radiographic examination, and registration of revisions and knee arthroplasties.

Results:

A total of 113 patients (75%) were available for the follow-up evaluation; 39 patients were in the primary repair group, 39 in the LAD group, and 35 in the BPTB group. Through telephone calls and investigation of patient medical records, 40 of these patients were excluded from further analyses because of revision surgery, knee arthroplasty in the involved or contralateral knee, or ACL reconstruction in the contralateral knee. One patient in the BPTB group had undergone revision ACL reconstruction compared with 12 in the primary repair group (p = 0.002) and 9 in the LAD group (p = 0.015). Seven patients had undergone knee arthroplasty in the involved knee, with no significant difference among the groups. In the remaining patients, no significant differences were found among the 3 groups with regard to range of motion, laxity, or Tegner and Lysholm scores. Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis, defined as an Ahlbäck grade of 2 through 5, was found in 42% of the operatively treated knees, with no significant differences among the groups.

Conclusions:

In the present 30-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled study, the BPTB graft augmented with the remnants of the ruptured ligament provided superior results with regard to the number of revisions compared with both the primary repair and LAD groups. No significant differences were found with respect to range of motion, laxity, activity, function, radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis, and knee arthroplasties.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Ponseti Method Decreased the Surgical Incidence in Children with Congenital Clubfoot
Authors: Chang Chia H. , Wang Shu M. , Kuo Ken N.
Published: September 2019

Background:

With the introduction of the Ponseti method for congenital clubfoot, the relapse rate and the surgical rate have been remarkably reduced. However, data from population studies for patients up to 10 years of age are still lacking. This study aimed to survey the relapse and surgery rates in the first 10 years of life in children with congenital clubfoot before and after introduction of the Ponseti method in Taiwan using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

Methods:

We retrieved clubfoot cases and related surgical procedures determined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) 754.51 from the 1999-2016 NHIRD. Foot and ankle surgical procedures coded as ICD-9 754.51 for patients who were older than 6 months of age were regarded as surgical procedures for relapsed or residual deformities. The rate of clubfoot release when the patients were 0.5 to 1 year of age and extensive surgical procedures in the first 10 years of life were assessed among 8 birth-year cohorts (1999 to 2006) with a 10-year follow-up.

Results:

Among 622 children with idiopathic congenital clubfoot diagnosis, 301 underwent a total of 367 surgical procedures for clubfoot between 6 months and 10 years of age. Disease incidence of 0.32 per 1,000 live births remained stable in the 8 birth-year cohorts. After the Ponseti method was introduced in 2002, there was a decrease in the clubfoot release rate in the 0.5 to 1-year age group (25.8% in the 1999 to 2002 birth-year cohorts compared with 17.6% in the 2003 to 2006 birth-year cohorts) and the rate of extensive surgical procedures (41.5% in the 1999 to 2002 birth-year cohorts compared with 31.3% in the 2003 to 2006 birth-year cohorts), both determined to be significant at p < 0.05 using the chi-square test. A significant decreasing trend (p < 0.05) was revealed in the rate of clubfoot release in patients who were 0.5 to 1 year of age by polynomial correlation, with an increasing negative slope after a turning point around 2002. The Ponseti method increased the ratio of minor to extensive surgical procedures when a surgical procedure was required.

Conclusions:

The Ponseti method decreased subsequent extensive surgical procedures for clubfoot, especially in the group that was 0.5 to 1 year of age.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Iatrogenic Arteriovenous Fistula and Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage After Tapping of Lumbar Pedicle Screws
Authors: Makino Takahiro , Kaito Takashi , Sakai Yusuke , Takenaka Shota , Yoshikawa Hideki
Published: September 2019

Case:

A 76-year-old woman underwent L4–L5 posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screws for lumbar spondylolisthesis. Intraoperative iatrogenic injuries to the right fourth lumbar artery and inferior vena cava occurred, resulting in arteriovenous fistula with extensive retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Endovascular treatment and intraperitoneal drainage were effective in managing retroperitoneal hemorrhage. She showed no sign of organ failure or deep venous thrombosis during her 2-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

We recommend embolization both proximally and distally in the case of lumbar artery injury. Intra-abdominal hypertension secondary to a massive retroperitoneal hematoma should also be considered to prevent abdominal compartment syndrome.
Chamber Gas Lift in Horizontals
Authors: Hardegree C. N. , Gerrard B. A. , Wildman S. L. , McKenzie K. S.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we highlight a pilot project in which chamber gas lift was installed in two unconventional horizontal wells. Chamber gas lift, a combination of deep gas lift and intermittent gas lift, allows for an efficient, closed completion with the cyclic injection of high-pressure gas, which expands and rapidly displaces fluid at high velocity from deep in the well. Development of the system was a collaboration internally and in conjunction with the vendor to install what was historically a vertical-well assembly through the curve section and into a horizontal wellbore. The chamber assembly was successfully designed, sourced, manufactured, installed, and operated. To modify the design from vertical to horizontal applications, components were custom-designed to maintain a sealed chamber. Components deemed most likely to fail are replaceable by slickline intervention. Results indicate a sustained lower downhole pressure than the previous intermittent-gas-lift system, an increase in production, and a good chamber-sweep efficiency.
Carbonate dual-phase improves the ionic conductivity and performance of mixed ionic and semiconductor single-layer fuel cell
Authors: Jouttijärvi S. , Yao Xueli , Asghar M. I. , Etula Jarkko , Reinecke A.-M. , Lippmann W. , Lund Peter
Published: September 2019

A mixed ionic and semiconducting composite in a single-layer configuration has been shown to work as a fuel cell at lower temperature (500-600 o C) than a traditional solid-oxide fuel cell. The performance of such a single-layer fuel cell (SLFC) is often limited by high resistive losses. Here, an eutectic mixture of alkali-carbonates were added to SLFC to improve the ionic transport. The dual-phase composite consisted of ternary carbonate (sodium lithium potassium carbonate) with gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC) as the ionic conductor and lithium nickel zinc oxide as the semiconducting material. The SLFC prepared reached a high power density up to 582 mW/cm 2 (0.22 Scm -1 ) at 600 °C which is more than 30 times better than without the carbonate. The best results were obtained with the ternary carbonate which decreased the the ohmic losses of the cell by more than 95%, whereas a binary carbonate (sodium lithium carbonate) showed a lower conductivity and performance (243 mW/cm 2 , 0.17 Scm -1 at 600°C). Adding carbonates to LNZ-GDC balanced the ratio of electronic and ionic conductivity which positively affected the performance.
Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Tamura Haruka , Kondo Yoshinobu , Ito Kohei , Hasebe Masanori , Satoh Shinobu , Terauchi Yasuo
Published: September 2019

Background : Patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular events and receiving empagliflozin have a lower rate of primary composite cardiovascular outcomes and death from any cause. Alternatively, treatment with sulfonylurea reduces microvascular complications in diabetes but appears to increase cardiovascular hospitalization or mortality in combination with metformin. In the present study, we therefore assessed the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride, a sulfonylurea, on endothelial function using flow–mediated dilation (FMD) to estimate arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods : In this prospective, randomized, parallel-group comparison, 58 patients with type 2 diabetes were administered metformin and glargine before bedtime for 12 weeks, followed by the random addition of 10 mg empagliflozin or 0.5 mg glimepiride for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was FMD changes (ΔFMDs), which were measured prior to and following 12 weeks of additional treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in metabolic markers and body composition.
Results : Analysis of the empagliflozin group ( n = 30) and glimepiride group ( n = 28) showed no significant differences in DFMDs (empagliflozin, −0.19 ± 2.34%; glimepiride, −0.37 ± 2.77%; P ＝ 0.79); likewise, HbA1c changes were similar between the groups. Body weight changes significantly differed (empagliflozin, –0.59 ± 2.5 kg; glimepiride, 1.2 ± 3.0 kg; P = 0.02). However, analysis of body composition revealed that body fluid volume significantly decreased only after empagliflozin treatment (baseline, 35.8 ± 6.8 L; after 12 weeks, –0.33 ± 0.72 L; P = 0.03).
Conclusions : Empagliflozin did not improve endothelial function compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes, but decreased body fluid volume. This suggested that the coronary protective effect of empagliflozin is not derived by protecting endothelial function but rather from reducing heart failure.
Psychometric properties of the Adelaide Diagnostic Learning Inventory - Brief (ADLIB)
Authors: Minas Harry
Published: September 2019

Objective: There has been increased attention in recent years to mental health, quality of life, stress and academic performance among university students, and the possible influence of learning styles. Brief reliable questionnaires are useful in large-scale multivariate research designs, such as the largely survey-based research on well-being and academic performance of university students. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a briefer version of the 39-item Adelaide Diagnostic Learning Inventory.

Results: In two survey samples - medical and physiotherapy students - a 21-item version Adelaide Diagnostic Learning Inventory - Brief (ADLIB) was shown to have the same factor structure as the parent instrument, and the factor structure of the brief instrument was found to generalise across students of medicine and physiotherapy. Sub-scale reliability estimations were in the order of magnitude of the parent instrument. Sub-scale inter-correlations, inter-factor congruence coefficients, and correlations between ADLIB sub-scale scores and several external measures provide support support for the construct and criterion validity of the instrument.
Conception of a novel communication skill self-efficacy measurement scale for nursing students
Authors: Kondo Junko , Tomizawa Rie , Jibu Tetsuya , Kamide Kei
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish an evaluation index for basic communication skills in basic nursing education. Currently, there are no indicators to evaluate basic communication skills to be acquired in basic nursing education. We attempted to create a communication skills self-efficacy measurement scale based on micro-counseling skills. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 238 second-year students from three nursing universities that obtained the consent of the survey cooperation. The questionnaire is a nursing student version counseling self-efficacy / preliminary scale and a characteristic self-efficacy scale created by referring to the explanation of each unit of the micro-counseling skills.
Results: The nursing student communication skill self-efficacy measurement scale included 20 items in 4 factors determined by factor analysis and item sorting. The reliability coefficient of each factor was over .80, and the correlation with the characteristic self-efficacy measurement scale was confirmed at the 1% level.
Better pulmonary function is associated with increased handgrip strength in a healthy Chinese Han population
Authors: Chen Liangmei , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Qian , Jia Linpei , Song Kangkang , Nie Sasa , Zhang Yinping , Cao Dan , Zhao Delong , Li Zuoxiang , Dong Zheyi , Zheng Ying , Duan Shuwei , Sun Xuefeng , Feng Zhe , Cai Guangyan , Zhang Weiguang , Chen Xiangmei
Published: September 2019

Background: The association between handgrip strength (HGS) and pulmonary function is still controversial, and this relationship has not yet been established among the healthy Chinese Han population.Methods: Data from 1519 healthy Han community dwellers in Beijing were analysed. Subjects were divided into two groups by age: the younger group (<60 years) and the elderly group (≥60 years). Bivariate correlation tests were run between parameters, and variables with a correlation coefficient ǀrǀ≥0.30 and p<0.01 were considered to be significantly correlated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to adjust covariates in the relationship between HGS and pulmonary function.Results: The study included 623 males and 896 females. The values of HGS were greater in males than in females (40.2 kg vs 25.0 kg, p<0.01) and greater in the younger group than in the elderly group (33.3 kg vs 27.6 kg, p<0.01). HGS and parameters of pulmonary function were highly negatively correlated with age, especially forced expiratory volume in 1 second (r=-0.55, p<0.01), forced expiratory volume in 2 second (r=-0.53, p<0.01) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (r=-0.50, p<0.01). Parameters of pulmonary function were positively associated with HGS, especially the maximum value of vital capacity (VC max) (r=-0.72, p<0.01), forced expiratory volume in 3 second (FEV 3) (r=0.70, p<0.01) and FVC (r=0.69, p<0.01). Therefore, we selected VC max, FEV 3 and FVC as three representative parameters to analyse the relationship between HGS and pulmonary function. In the relationship between HGS and pulmonary function, in addition to gender and age, there were other covariates: height, pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure. After adjusting covariates in the multiple linear regression analysis, the standardized coefficients of HGS on VC max were 0.254 in males and 0.175 in females, and the standardized coefficients of HGS on FVC were 0.225 in males and 0.182 in females.Conclusions: Pulmonary function and HGS were both declined with age. HGS was an independent factor that affected pulmonary function, apart from age. Training in HGS may help to improve pulmonary function in healthy people.
Generation of in vivo labelling tumour cell lines
Authors: Ombrato Luigi , Malanchi Ilaria
Published: September 2019

The characterization of the tumour microenvironment is highly desirable in order to get a better understating on how the tumour cells exploit their neighbours to support their own growth. In Ombrato et al., Nature 2019 we describe a novel strategy that allows 4T1 breast tumour cells to label their lung metastatic niche in vivo. The labelled cells surrounding the tumour cells can be freshly isolated within the all tissue and used for ex vivo assays. Here, we describe how we generated Labelling-4T1 cells. The same procedure can be used to generate labelling cells from other cell lines, but it might require optimization. This protocol is a suggested guide.
Percepção das consoantes plosivas do português brasileiro por falantes nativos de mandarim
Authors: Tso Flavia Wen Chun , BRESCANCINI Claudia Regina
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a percepção das consoantes plosivas /p, b, t, d, k, ɡ/ do português brasileiro (PB) como LE por falantes nativos de mandarim. As consoantes oclusivas do PB apresentam como traço distintivo a sonoridade; e as do mandarim, a aspiração. Dessa forma, os falantes nativos de mandarim, aprendizes de português, deverão aprender a distinção de sonoridade, já que a distinção por aspiração não tem papel contrastivo no PB. Foram aplicados quatro testes de identificação das consoantes em análise, dois com palavras reais e dois com logatomas. Os testes foram aplicados a 5 chineses bilíngues, 3 do sexo feminino e 2 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos, com níveis de proficiência intermediário e avançado. Os resultados indicaram que os informantes apresentaram melhor desempenho na identificação das consoantes /k, ɡ/e nos testes de identificação que consideraram como estímulos palavras reais.
A linguística e suas genealogias: sobre percursos (des)enlaçados
Authors: Severo Cristine Gorski , Görski Edair
Published: September 2019

Este texto propõe-se a uma reflexão de caráter epistemológico em torno de discursividades historiográficas acerca da fundação da linguística, problematizando a ideia de uma narrativa fundante única, mediante uma retrospectiva orientada por uma visão estrutural, representada por Saussure e Camara Jr.; por uma visão focada na mudança linguística a partir de orientações estrutural e social, representada por Labov; e por uma perspectiva sociológica/filosófica de língua, representada por Voloshinov/Bakhtin – nomes de ampla circulação no meio linguístico brasileiro. Os recortes genealógicos resultantes permitem trazer à tona contribuições de autores muitas vezes invisibilizados, como William Jonese e Jespersen, ou pouco reconhecidos, como Humboldt e Whitney. O texto relativiza discursos fundantes à luz de uma historicidade genealógica mais ampla, plural e comparada, constituída por séries muitas vezes interligadas. Nessa esteira, reflete-se também sobre a questão das paternidades da linguística.
Coesão textual e leitura em ambiente virtual: a referenciação em post e comentários de um blog
Authors: Carvalho Andrea Galvão de , Vergnano-Junger Cristina de Souza
Published: September 2019

Vivemos na sociedade da informação, envoltos no boom da comunicação digital, contexto no qual a leitura tem-se incrementado, embora com novas feições. O processo leitor, visto como atividade cognitiva e social, envolve diversos conhecimentos, procedimentos e situações, em constante enriquecimento devido às nossas novas experiências. Neste artigo, seguindo a Linguística Textual, propomos a discussão sobre como os aspectos coesivos, em especial da referenciação, se apresentam nos gêneros textuais do par post/comentário em um blog em língua espanhola para professores. Considerando o meio digital e suas especificidades, incluímos na reflexão a questão da coesão hipertextual. Procuramos refletir, também, sobre as relações entre as construções coesivas e o processo leitor. Concluímos, com base nos exemplos analisados, que a referenciação intratextual apresenta-se, nesses gêneros, apesar de seu suporte virtual, de forma semelhante àquela observável em outros textos de meio impresso na língua espanhola. No entanto, o caráter interativo dos posts e comentários e a natureza hipertextual da constituição dos textos digitais favorecem enlaces que ultrapassam limites mais restritos e imediatos de cada texto, por meio de coesões inter e hipertextuais. Embora não tenhamos o objetivo de generalizar os processos referenciais nesses gêneros textuais, oferecemos uma descrição de possibilidades e destacamos sua relevância para a construção de sentidos durante o processo leitor. Enfatizamos, em especial, suas implicações quando se trata de compor “textos finais” que extrapolam limites convencionais da noção de texto, aspecto típico da leitura virtual.
Interações de Teletandem institucional na perspectiva dialógica Bakhtiniana
Authors: De Alcântara Zakir Maisa , De Paula Luciane
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho é parte de um estudo de natureza etnográfica que integrou o projeto Teletandem e transculturalidade na interação on-line em línguas estrangeiras por webcam. O teletandem é um contexto telecolaborativo de aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, que, por meio de aplicativos de tecnologia VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol), promove o contato intercultural entre alunos brasileiros e alunos de diferentes instituições parceiras pelo mundo. Neste trabalho, qua atualmente se desenvolve em um pesquisa de pós-doutoramento, analisamos um excerto de interação entre um aluno de uma universidade privada estadunidense e uma aluna de uma universidade pública brasileira. A transcrição é analisada na perspectiva dialógica fundamenteada na obra de Bakhtin e do Círculo. Os resultados da análise evidenciam a constituição de sujeitos na relação eu-outro, por meio da dinâmica que os interagentes estabelecem ao longo do processo de realização do teletandem.
Beş Faktör Kişilik Özelliklerinin İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisinde Depresyonun Aracılık Rolü
Authors: Turhan Özge
Published: September 2019

Bu
çalışmanın temel amacı, beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ile iş tatmini
arasındaki etkileşimde depresyonun rolünü tespit etmektir. Beş faktör kişilik
özellikleri ile iş tatmini arasındaki etkileşimde depresyonun rolüne ilişkin
araştırma İstanbul ilinde faaliyet gösteren çeşitli sektörlerde çalışan mavi ve
beyaz yakalı işgörenlere yönelik gerçekleştirilmiştir. 523 gönüllüden elde
edilen verilerden 23 adeti uç veri barındırdığından analizler 500 geçerli anket
üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucu; depresyon
ile nevrotizm arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Depresyonun iş tatmininin her iki alt boyutuyla negatif, iş tatmininin
dışadönüklük, gelişime açıklık, sorumluluk/uyumluluk özellikleriyle ise pozitif
yönlü anlamlı ilişkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen hiyerarşik çoklu
regresyon analizi sonucu; beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin iş tatmini
üzerindeki etkisinde depresyonun kısmi aracılık etkisi olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Fark analizi sonuçları; yaş ilerledikçe, kıdem arttıkça, ücret ve
eğitim seviyesi düştükçe yaşanan depresyonun arttığı saptanmıştır. Eğitim
seviyesi arttıkça işgörenlerin gelişime açık ve dışadönük oldukları,
sorumluluk/uyumluluk daha fazla gösterdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sorumluluk/uyumluluk
özellikleri en fazla kadın ve beyaz yakalı olarak çalışan işgörenlerde
görülmektedir. Alınan ücret arttıkça, işgörenlerin daha fazla dışadönük ve
gelişime açık olduğu saptanmıştır. Ücret ve eğitim seviyesi düştükçe de nevrotizmin arttığı tespit
edilmiştir.  Eğitim seviyesi ve ücreti
yüksek, nispeten daha genç 26-35 yaş aralığındaki beyaz yakalı işgörenlerin iş
tatminlerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.
Ev Kadınlarının Tüketimi Algılama Biçimleri: Araban İlçesi Örneği
Authors: Çetin Beyzade Nadir , Arslan Pınar
Published: September 2019

Üretilen ürün ve hizmetlerin tüketiciler tarafından talep
edilmesini sağlamak için bir strateji olarak kurgulanan metalaştırma, toplumsal
yapıyı oluşturan tüm kesimlerde tüketime ilişkin ortak algı, tutum, tavır ve
yaklaşımların oluşturulmasını sağlamaya yönelik olarak işlemektedir. Bu
çalışmada, tüketici kesimlerden biri olan ev kadınlarının tüketime ilişkin
geliştirmiş oldukları algı, tutum, eğilim ve yaklaşımların neler olduğu
araştırılmıştır. Böyle bir algı ortaklaşmasının var olup olmadığının
belirlenmesi amacıyla bu çalışma, Gaziantep iline bağlı Araban ilçesinde
yaşayan 81 ev kadını ile yapılan derinlemesine görüşmelerden elde edilen nitel
verilere dayanmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerden, kapalı bir toplum yapısı içerisinde
sosyalleşmiş olmalarına rağmen; ev kadınlarının tüketime ilişkin geliştirilen
teorik referans çerçevesine paralel şekilde tüketme eğilim ve pratiklerine
sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Tüketici Davranışına Göre Müşteri Sadakat Programı Algısının İlişkisel Pazarlama Kapsamında İncelenmesi
Authors: Sarı Ömer , Göktaş Kulualp Halime
Published: September 2019

Gelişen teknoloji, üretim ve tüketim döngüsü
incelendiğinde yirminci yüzyılın sonlarına doğru müşteri odaklı bir yaklaşım
benimsendiği görülmektedir. Bu süreçte müşterilerin beklenti, istek ve
ihtiyaçlarını tatmin etmek önemli hale gelmiştir. Ancak sektörlerde ve sadık
müşterinin yanı sıra yeni müşteri kazanmanın daha maliyetli olması ve
mal/hizmetlerde yaşanan taklitler yeni uygulamaları zorunlu hale getirmiştir.
Müşterilerin satın alma davranışlarını incelemek, kayıt etmek ve depolamak
amacıyla micro-cip işlemciye sahip sadakat kartları ile sadık müşteri yaratma
eğilimine girdikleri görülmektedir. İlk olarak hava yolları firmaları tarafından
daha sonraki sürçte ise hemen hemen her alanda popüler olan sadakat kartı
uygulamaları ortaya çıkmıştır. İrili ufaklı birçok mal ve hizmeti bir arada
satan perakende firmaları müşterilerini elde tutmak, tutundurma maliyetlerini
azaltmak amacıyla sadakat kartı uygulamalarına başladıkları görülmektedir. Bu
amaçla araştırma bir perakendeci firmanın sadakat kart uygulamasına sahip
müşterileri üzerinde yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler bilgisayarlı ortamda
analize tabi tutulmuştur.
Integrating Pathophysiology in Migraine: Role of the Gut Microbiome and Melatonin
Authors: Anderson George
Published: September 2019

Background:

The pathoetiology and pathophysiology of migraine are widely accepted as unknown.

Methods:

The current article reviews the wide array of data associated with the biological underpinnings of migraine
and provides a framework that integrates previously disparate bodies of data.

Results:

The importance of alterations in stress- and pro-inflammatory cytokine- induced gut dysbiosis, especially
butyrate production, are highlighted. This is linked to a decrease in the availability of melatonin, and a relative
increase in the N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio, which has consequences for the heightened glutamatergic excitatory
transmission in migraine. It is proposed that suboptimal mitochondria functioning and metabolic regulation
drive alterations in astrocytes and satellite glial cells that underpin the vasoregulatory and nociceptive changes in
migraine.

Conclusion:

This provides a framework not only for classical migraine associated factors, such as calcitonin-gene
related peptide and serotonin, but also for wider factors in the developmental pathoetiology of migraine. A number
of future research and treatment implications arise, including the clinical utilization of sodium butyrate and
melatonin in the management of migraine.
Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Selvaraj Chandrabose , Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Kaliamurthi Satyavani , Cho William C. , Wei Dong-Qing , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: September 2019

Ion channels are integral proteins expressed in almost all living cells and are involved in muscle contraction and nutrient transport. They play a critical role in the normal functioning of the excitable tissues of the nervous system and regulate the action potential and contraction events. Dysfunction of genes encodes ion channel proteins, which disrupt the channel function and lead to a number of diseases, among which is type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Therefore, understanding the complex mechanism of ion channel receptors is necessary to facilitate the diagnosis and management of treatment. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of important ion channels and their potential role in the regulation of insulin secretion along with the limitations of ion channels as therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we discuss the recent investigations of the mechanism regulating the ion channels in pancreatic beta cells, which suggest that ion channels are active participants in the regulation of insulin secretion.