bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypophosphatemia of genetic origin: a cause of osteomalacia not to be missed!
Authors:   Service de rhumatologie, CHU Mohamed Lamine Debaghine (ex BAB EL OUED), Alger - Algérie, Hanni Fella , Benaziez Ryma , Mechid Farida , Ali El Hadi , Beggar Sarah , Saidi Narimane , Cheikh Ourdia , Dahou-Makhloufi Chafia
Published: July 2021

L’ostéomalacie est une ostéopathie diffuse qui entraîne une fragilité osseuse excessive. Elle représente chez l’adulte l’équivalent du rachitisme de l’enfant dont elle partage les causes. L’ostéomalacie résulte le plus souvent d’une carence en vitamine D. Moins souvent, elle est liée à une fuite rénale de phosphates, pouvant être héréditaire, acquise ou induite par une tumeur. La plus fréquente des ostéomalacies d’origine génétique est représentée par l’hypophosphatémie liée à l’X, évoquée dans la petite enfance devant un rachitisme hypophosphatémique à caractère familial, associé à un retard de croissance et des incurvations des membres. Les enfants atteints présentent des abcès dentaires fréquents et perdent leur dentition prématurément. A l’âge adulte surviennent des enthésopathies et des arthropathies dégénératives. Le traitement de cette ostéomalacie repose sur un apport de phosphore par voie orale associé à un dérivé α hydroxylé de la vitamine D, surtout le 1,25 dihydroxyvitamine D, sous surveillance stricte du bilan phosphocalcique en raison du risque d’hyper-parathyroïdie. Nous rapportons le cas d’une jeune fille de 32 ans, aux antécédents de fractures multiples, présentant des douleurs osseuses et des troubles de la marche évoluant depuis la petite enfance. L’examen clinique montre une petite taille, des incurvations des membres, et une édentation complète. Le bilan phosphocalcique est en faveur d’une ostéomalacie hypophosphatémique, et les radiographies du squelette montrent une hypertransparence osseuse, des fissures, des enthésopathies et une coxarthrose bilatérale. La patiente a été améliorée par un traitement associant phosphore et alfacalcidiol. Le diagnostic d’hypophosphatémie liée à l’X a été retenu devant un tableau clinico-biologique et radiologique évocateur, avec notion de cas familial.
Psoriatic arthritis complicated with renal amyloidosis
Authors:   Service de Néphrologie, d’Hémodialyse et de Transplantation Rénale, CHU Tlemcen, Tlemcen – Algérie, Sari-Hamidou Rawda , Cherif Benmoussa Mahfoud , Guedda Meriem , Kalem Kheira ,   Service d’Anatomopathologie, CHU Hussein Dey, Alger – Algérie, Benmansour Mustapha ,   Laboratoire Toximed, Université Abou Bakr Belkaid, Tlemcen – Algérie
Published: July 2021

Le rhumatisme psoriasique est une des formes les plus fréquentes de spondylarthropathies. Les manifestations articulaires peuvent précéder, accompagner ou suivre la dermatose quelle que soit la forme clinique. La forme périphérique représente 70% des cas, le plus souvent féminine sans association avec l’antigène HLAB27. Les manifestations rachidiennes sont plus fréquentes chez les hommes avec une association à l’antigène HLA B27 dans 50% des cas posant un problème de diagnostic différentiel avec la spondylarthrite ankylosante. Nous rapportons le cas d’une insuffisance rénale chronique dans un tableau d’atteinte articulaire diffuse avec limitation douloureuse des articulations et boiterie à la marche chez un patient aux antécédents de psoriasis. Une ponction biopsie rénale retrouve un aspect histopathologique d’amylose glomérulaire et vasculaire. La négativité des facteurs rhumatoïdes, la présence de l’antigène HLAB27 et l’aspect radiologique typique de spondylarthropathies permettent de retenir le diagnostic de rhumatisme psoriasique.
Evaluation of clinical pharmacy activity in tracking patients with ischemic myocardial disease
Authors:   Département de Pharmacie, faculté de Médecine – Batna, Algérie, GACEM Hocine , Oumammar Fatima Hadia , Dembele Ramata , Derghal Rachida ,   Service d’épidémiologie - CHU Ben flis Touhami – Batna 05000, Algérie, Ahmane Amel
Published: July 2021

Introduction : L’intégration de pharmaciens cliniciens au sein des services cliniques s’avère indispensable pour lutter contre les problèmes d’évènements iatrogènes médicamenteux. Dans ce contexte, cette étude a été menée afin de décrire et analyser les risques liés aux prescriptions et d’évaluer la pertinence des interventions pharmaceutiques. Matériels et méthodes : Cette étude transversale, descriptive, a porté sur 119 patients atteints de cardiopathies ischémiques dans le service de cardiologie du CHU de Batna durant la période allant du 09/02/2014 au 24/04/2014. Les données personnelles des patients et celles liées au diagnostic et aux thérapeutiques étaient recueillies sur des fiches de questionnaire, les prescriptions analysées et les interventions rapportées sur des fiches d’interventions et cotées afin de déterminer leur impact. Résultats : La prévalence des interactions médicamenteuses était de 99,1% dont 59,8% sont du niveau à prendre en compte. Une ou plusieurs non conformités de prescription ont été signalées dans 47,9% des cas. 33 interventions pharmaceutiques ont été réalisées relevant 44 problèmes différents à la tête desquels se trouve l’inobservance du traitement et la présence d’indication non traitée. Les interventions consistaient principalement en l’ajout de médicament (52,3%) et ont été considérées à impact clinique significatif à 41,6%. Le taux d’acceptabilité de ces interventions est de 81,6%.
Cancer register in the Wilaya of Batna. The 2011 report
Authors:   Département de Médecine, Université Batna 2, Batna – Algérie, Bouhidel Mohamed Larbi , Beichi Fayçal , Bouhidel Atika ,   Service d’épidémiologie, CHU Batna, Batna – Algérie, Khadraoui Hachani ,   Service d’anatomopathologie, CHU Batna, Batna – Algérie, Benamira Imene , Saidi Mahdia , Maaref Abdelouahab , Bounecer Hocine
Published: July 2021

Le registre du cancer de la wilaya de Batna est un registre de population, couvrant 1.173.852 habitants en 2011 (estimation avec un taux d’accroissement annuel de 1,58% à partir du recensement général de la population et de l’habitat RGPH 2008). Au total, 768 nouveaux cas de cancer ont été notifiés ; ce qui représente une incidence standardisée de 78,2 cas pour 100 000 habitants. Les cancers les plus fréquents chez l’homme sont respectivement : le cancer broncho-pulmonaire (12,2 cas/100 000 hbts) suivi du cancer colorectal et du cancer de la vessie. Chez la femme, le cancer du sein occupe largement le premier rang (25,2 cas/100 000 hbts) ce qui représente plus de 30% des cancers chez la femme. En deuxième position, se trouve le cancer colorectal suivi des cancers de la vésicule biliaire et de la thyroïde. La pathologie tumorale chez l’enfant (0-14 ans), dont l’incidence standardisée est de 1,9 cas/100 000 habitants, est dominée par le cancer du sang et des organes lymphoïdes.
Drug-drug interactions in pharmacies: retrospective analysis of 2801 prescriptions
Authors:   Pharmacien libéral, Batna, Keddad Abdellatif , Gacem Hocine ,   Département de Pharmaciefaculté de Médecine – Batna, Algérie, Aissaoui Amine ,   Pharmaco-économiste, Université Paris-Dauphine, Paris - France, Kaddar Miloud ,   Economiste de la santé, Genève – Suisse
Published: July 2021

Introduction : les risques liés aux médicaments sont relativement élevés et constituent un sujet de préoccupation majeure dans les soins médicaux. Une grande partie des événements iatrogènes médicamenteux sont évitables et surviennent surtout au stade de prescription dont une grande partie est causée par les interactions. L’objectif de l’étude est d’estimer la prévalence des interactions et de les décrire selon le niveau de contrainte, par type de prescripteur et par secteur d’activité. Matériels et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective incluant toutes les ordonnances comportant au moins deux médicaments, archivées au niveau d’une officine pharmaceutique de la ville de Batna de juillet 2013 à juillet 2014 dans le cadre du tiers payant. Les données ont été recueillies et enregistrées sur fichier Excel. La recherche des interactions s’est faite sur Thériaque®. Résultats : 2801 ordonnances ont été analysées dont 1973 (70,44%) provenaient du secteur privé. L’étude a totalisé 11 329 lignes de prescription avec une moyenne de 4,04 lignes par ordonnance avec des extrêmes allant de 2 à 14 lignes. 39,3% des prescriptions étaient rédigées par des médecins généralistes, majoritairement du secteur privé (55,4%). On a recensé 1987 interactions (0,71 interaction par ordonnance) avec une nette prédominance du secteur privé (76,6%). 94,5% étaient de niveau à prendre en compte et précaution d’emploi et seulement 5,08% d’associations déconseillées et 0,45% contre-indiquées. Enfin, l’analyse statistique a révélé que le nombre de lignes est un facteur de risque de survenue des interactions.
Asthma in childhood: evidences and expectations
Authors:   Département de Médecine, Université Batna 2, Batna – Algérie, Hadef Djohra , Khelifi Touhami Tahar ,   Cabinet libéral de pédiatrie, Constantine – Algérie, Bouchair Nadira ,   Département de Médecine, Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba – Algérie
Published: July 2021

Il est évident que l’asthme est la maladie chronique la plus fréquente chez l’enfant, paradoxalement elle reste sous diagnostiquée donc sous traitée, malgré des recommandations de diagnostic et de prise en charge simplifiées et accessibles avec un arsenal thérapeutique efficace dans la plupart des cas. L’enfant atteint d’asthme doit en principe mener une vie quasiment normale grâce aux thérapeutiques anti-inflammatoires tout en préservant et même en restaurant son capital respiratoire. La prise en charge basée sur le trépied : traitement, prévention et enfin l’immunothérapie spécifique doit donc être précoce et globale basée un partenariat permanent entre le personnel médical et l’enfant, sa famille et le milieu scolaire. L’avenir de ces enfants à l’âge adulte reste le grand souci avec l’espoir de les voir à l’âge adulte avec une fonction respiratoire normale et pourquoi pas guéries.
Immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer
Authors:   Pole Pharmacie, HMIMVFaculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V – Rabat., Moutaouakkil Youssef , Fettah Hicham , Rharrit Sara , Lhajoui Sanaa , Elmssaouri Jamal , Bennana Ahmed , Makram Sanaa
Published: July 2021

L'immunothérapie est un traitement qui consiste à administrer des substances qui vont stimuler les défenses immunitaires de l'organisme afin de lutter contre différentes maladies, en particulier certains cancer hématologiques (autrement dit, du sang), les maladies dégénératives et les maladies de système. Par extension, l'immunothérapie désigne également toute thérapie utilisant des protéines produites par les cellules du système immunitaire, en particulier les immunoglobulines, sans que l'objectif de cette thérapie soit nécessairement la stimulation de l'immunité. Les premiers essais d'immunothérapie remontent aux années 1970 et utilisaient des anticorps polyclonaux. Actuellement différentes molécules sont utilisées, en premier lieu les immunoglobulines monoclonales, les interférons et les interleukines. On distingue deux types d'immunothérapies : l'immunothérapie locale dont les applications sont peu fréquentes et l'immunothérapie générale beaucoup plus fréquente.
Vitamin D deficiency
Authors:   Laboratoire de biochimie, Établissement Hospitalier Universitaire d’Oran 1er Novembre 1954, Zendjabil Mustapha ,   BP N° 4166 Ibn Rochd, Oran – Algérie., Abbou Omar
Published: July 2021

La vitamine D a des effets sur l’os qui sont bien connus. Ces dernières années, d’autres effets ont été mis en évidence et les études observationnelles ont noté des associations avec de nombreuses pathologies. Le déficit en cette vitamine est très fréquent. L’évaluation du statut en vitamine D repose sur le dosage de la 25-OHD qui a très récemment fait l’objet d’une standardisation. Alors que l’intérêt de la supplémentation en vitamine D dans le cadre des pathologies osseuses est clairement établi, son intérêt dans le cadre des maladies métaboliques et immunitaires n’est pas encore démontré.
Monitoring tools for glycemic control in the diabetic
Authors:   Département de Pharmacie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Hadj Lakhdar Batna Algérie, Benghezel Hichem
Published: July 2021

Parmi les paramètres couramment mesurés dans un laboratoire de biochimie et utilisés pour le suivi du diabète sucré, l'hémoglobine glyquée en est un exemple. L'hémoglobine glyquée (HbA1c) est un produit précoce de glycation appelé également produit d’Amadori. Différentes méthodes de dosage sont disponibles, mais toutes doivent répondre aux recommandations de l'International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). L'HbA1c est utilisée également dans le dépistage du diabète ; cependant, dans certaines circonstances particulières (hémoglobinose, anémie, grossesse et insuffisance rénale) son interprétation devient obsolète. Un arsenal de paramètres vient alors au secours du clinicien afin de faciliter le suivi des patients diabétiques. C'est le cas de la fructosamine qui prend tout son intérêt dans les situations précédentes à l'exception de l'insuffisance rénale où l'albumine glyquée semble être intéressante. Aux côtés des précédents marqueurs, le 1,5-anhydro D glucitol semble avoir un plus grand potentiel dans le dépistage du diabète sucré que dans le suivi de l'équilibre glycémique. Nous avons mis en revue l’intérêt de ces paramètres ainsi que les conditions pré-analytiques, les principes de dosage et les interférences analytiques perturbant leurs mesures.
Genetic tests in oncology. A Swiss knife
Authors:   Faculté de Médecine, Université Batna 2, Batna, Algérie., Benseddik Khedidja
Published: July 2021

En oncologie, les tests génétiques sont utilisés pour diagnostiquer des formes héréditaires et pour rechercher des mutations cancéreuses somatiques. Leurs fins sont multiples : dépistage, pronostic, diagnostic, monitoring et surveillance de la maladie résiduelle. L’intégration des tests génétiques dans la pratique médicale est un défi permanent que doivent relever les professionnels de la santé œuvrant dans le domaine de l’oncologie. Pour se faire, ils doivent être en permanence mis à jour sur les tests génétiques disponibles et sur les contextes dans lesquels ils peuvent être utilisés. Cet article comporte deux principaux objectifs : fournir une vue d'ensemble des tests génétiques en oncologie déjà dans la pratique clinique, avec des ressources en ligne, gratuites, dynamiques et évolutives ; et introduire les connaissances, compétences et attitudes en génétique dont les professionnels de la santé impliqués doivent disposer. Intégrer la prescription des tests génétiques en routine, au sein de nos structures de santé, est un parcours long jalonné d’obstacles. La mise en place des infrastructures et la formation de l’ensemble du personnel impliqué seront les premiers à franchir. L’intervention de professionnels en génétiques de tous les horizons : médecins, ingénieurs et techniciens est plus que jamais sollicitée.
Complementary investigations in a histology-embryology lab
Authors:   Faculté de Médecine, Université Batna 2, Batna, Algérie., Aggoun Samir
Published: July 2021

L’activité d’un laboratoire d’histologie–embryologie repose sur deux domaines qui s’occupent de l’exploration des cellules. Le premier s'intéresse aux cellules haploïdes ou spermatozoïdes : c’est la biologie de la reproduction, qui est une discipline médicale qui réunit toutes les analyses biologiques du sperme humain initiées par le spermogramme et accomplies par les explorations de la procréation médicalement assistée ; ces analyses sont réalisées dans le cadre du bilan d'infertilité masculine. Le second domaine s’occupe des cellules diploïdes : c’est la cytologie ou cytopathologie, qui s'appuie principalement sur l'observation microscopique des altérations morphologiques des cellules recueillies d’organes ou des liquides biologiques.
Connective tissue diseases, Hughes syndrome and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis. The immunologic diagnosis
Authors:   Service d’Immunologiste, CHU Mustapha Bacha, Alger – Algérie., Lounici Yasmine , Ait Hamoudi Hiba , Berkane Ismahane , Bouali-Benhalima Malika
Published: July 2021

Les maladies auto-immunes (MAI) sont la conséquence d’une hyperactivité du système immunitaire réagissant contre les constituants du soi. Elles peuvent être non spécifiques d’organes telles que les connectivites et les vascularites à ANCA ou spécifiques d’organe à l’exemple de la maladie cœliaque et des hépatopathies autoimmunes. Leurs critères de diagnostic, de classification et de suivi de la maladie sont en constante évolution conférant une place de plus en plus importante aux autoanticorps. La détection de ces derniers interviendrait (en fonction des auto-anticorps) non seulement dans le diagnostic et le suivi des MAI mais également comme des marqueurs pronostiques et prédictifs. Dans cet article, nous nous intéresserons aux auto-anticorps les plus fréquemment rencontrés dans les connectivites, le syndrome des antiphospholipides et les vascularites à ANCA.
Place of myocardial perfusion tomoscintigraphy in the management of the coronary artery disease
Authors:   Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre anticancéreux, Batna – Algérie, Nezzar Adlen
Published: July 2021

La tomoscintigraphie de perfusion myocardique (TSM) est largement reconnue pour établir le diagnostic de coronaropathie, mais aussi pour en évaluer le pronostic. La TSM reste cependant la technique de référence pour explorer l’ischémie myocardique, en particulier à l’effort, la seule méthode de stress physiologique et dont les résultats peuvent être extrapolés aux conditions de la vie courante. En raison de cette propriété spécifique, la TSM devrait rester une technique majeure dans l’exploration et la surveillance des patients coronariens chroniques. La synchronisation des acquisitions à l’électrocardiogramme (ECG), en permettant une étude couplée de la fonction ventriculaire gauche globale et de la cinétique segmentaire, a amélioré les performances diagnostiques (en augmentant la sensibilité et la spécificité de la scintigraphie de perfusion seule) et a apporté des informations pronostiques complémentaires indépendantes.
Chat Room in E-Commerce Application
Authors: Bhardwaj Mayank , Bhardwaj Muskan , Kumar Prof. Rajat
Published: July 2021

E-commerce is the modern business practice. It includes buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds, over the Internet Nowadays E-commerce (Electronic commerce) is the standard for both marketers and the customers making them go online across the world. E-commerce is just another way to boost the existing business practices for scalability. It is resulting in a complete change in the traditional way of doing business. A massive internet consumption has added to growth of E-commerce and more particularly start-ups have been increasingly using this option as a differentiating business model. Moreover a feature which is a chat room can be added to enhance the user experience which we will be discussing here.
Comparative Analysis of PI controller, Fuzzy controller and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy based Performance of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Compensation of Voltage Sag and Swell
Authors:   Department of EEE, G.D. Goenka University, Gurgaon, India., Thakur Bharti , Rani Dr. Archana ,   Department of EEE, G.D. Goenka University, Gurgaon, India.
Published: July 2021

In today’s scenario, the power quality issues like voltage sag and swell are major concerns in power systems. On the distribution, side to overcome this issue a custom power device DVR(Dynamic Voltage Restorer) is proven to be a more effective solution that is lower in cost, smaller in size, and offers a faster dynamic response for the protection of sensitive load. DVR is a series compensating device which operates as a voltage booster. The application of DVR is entitled to be a flawless compensating device for the compensation of voltage sag and swell. This paper presents the modeling and simulation using various controller topologies like PI controller based on synchronous reference frame algorithm, fuzzy controller, and interval type 2 fuzzy controller. The results are then verified using a Matlab-Simulink environment.
Design and Development of Web Based Embedded Robot for Safety and Security Applications
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B N M Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Kumar Panda Dr. Subodh , Harshita M ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B N M Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., A R Nishmitha ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B N M Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., P Priyanka ,   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B N M Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes the design and development of an embedded system with a robot for safety and security application using wifi communication and the webserver. This compact design has a robot along with various peripherals and sensors for detecting hazardous gas leakage and performs necessary control actions like an alarm for fire accidents, intruder detection, and sends alert messages to the local system. The robot can extinguish the fire and monitors the area inside the industry and passes the audio-video streaming to the local system. This robot also has a battery-powered wireless AV camera which provides robotic in-front environment information to the local and remote system and performs the audio and video streaming through a web server.
Algunas claves del Vaticano II para hacer teología de la historia
Authors: Espinosa Arce Juan Pablo
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 35, No. 103, 2018: 59-71.
Medellín
Authors: Trigo Pedro
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Revista latinoamericana de teología, Vol. 35, No. 103, 2018: 33-57.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ISOLATED FROM CUCURBITA PEPO SEEDS USING UV–VIS AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Rawat Beena , Garg Amar P.
Published: July 2021

CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ISOLATED FROM CUCURBITA PEPO SEEDS USING UV–VIS AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
An overview of the listing process under the California Endangered Species Act
Authors: Weiland Paul S. , Clark Stephanie N. , Remillard Ashley J.
Published: July 2021

The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) is one of the most important legal tools available to the Fish and Game Commission and Department of Fish and Wildlife to protect the State’s wildlife resources. The listing process, together with the prohibitions in section 2080 of the Fish and Game Code, are the law’s regulatory teeth. At the same time, because any interested person can petition to list a species, the listing process invites citizen participation in the regulatory scheme. Listing decisions can be the difference between persistence and extinction of a species. They can also cause severe economic disruption and, for this reason, should in our view be made with due deliberation and based on the best available scientific information. Here we describe the complex roadmap that petitions must navigate and that is intended to assure that only native species that need protection get it.
A tale of two valleys: endangered species policy and the fate of the giant gartersnake
Authors: Halstead Brian J. , Valcarcel Patricia , Kim Richard , Jordan Anna C. , Rose Jonathan P. , Skalos Shannon M. , Reyes Gabriel A. , Ersan Julia S. M. , Casazza Michael L. , Essert Allison M. , Fulton Alexandria M.
Published: July 2021

By the mid-20th Century, giant gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas) had lost more than 90% of their Central Valley marsh habitat and were extirpated from more than two-thirds of their range. This massive habitat loss led to their inclusion in the inaugural list of rare species under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA). Listing under the CESA provided giant gartersnakes legal protection and mechanisms for recovery, and subsequent listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (federal ESA) further fortified these protections. But how effective has listing under these endangered species acts (ESAs) been at achieving their goal of giant gartersnake recovery? Herein, we review relevant aspects of giant gartersnake ecology, illustrate how listing has benefited giant gartersnakes and what challenges have been faced in slowing declines and recovering populations, and chart a course toward improved conservation, management, and recovery of giant gartersnakes. Although listing as threatened under both state and federal ESAs has not yet achieved recovery of giant gartersnakes, the increased knowledge gained and mechanisms for protecting giant gartersnake habitat on private and public lands developed over the past 50 years has improved conservation of this endemic California snake.
Owens Valley nesting willow flycatcher under pressure
Authors: Greene Lacey , Otto Elsbeth , McCreedy Chris
Published: July 2021

Willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii; WIFL) nest along the Owens River and Horton Creek in the Owens Valley. Migrating WIFL visit these sites as well as many other tributaries to both the Owens River and Mono Lake. We estimate there are approximately 35 WIFL territories in the Owens valley, or 5% of territories in California. Nesting WIFL in the Owens Valley are likely the federally endangered southwestern subspecies (E. t. extimus; SWIFL). The Chalk Bluff nesting site is particularly important as large nesting areas tend to be both rare and important for SWIFL and it contains more than half (63%) of all known WIFL territories in the region, which also represents 12% of all nesting SWIFL in California. Between 2014 and 2016, WIFL territory numbers declined from 37 to 27 across the three largest breeding sites. Territory numbers may have been influenced by drought conditions or brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater; BHCO) nest parasitism. In 2015 and 2016, comprehensive nest monitoring found nest parasitism rates were >40%, and nest success was lower in parasitized nests (16%; N = 5/31) compared with non-parasitized nests (60%; N = 31/52). BHCO management could potentially improve nest success for WIFL as well as many other open-cup nesting riparian birds in the Owens Valley.
Home range and movements of San Joaquin antelope squirrels in the San Joaquin Desert of California
Authors: Germano David J. , Rathbun Galen B. , Saslaw Lawrence R. , Cypher Brian L.
Published: July 2021

The San Joaquin antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni) is one of five species in the genus and has the most restricted range of the four mainland antelope squirrels, occurring only in the San Joaquin Desert of California. Despite being state-listed as Threatened since 1980, few studies have been conducted on A. nelsoni, especially ecological studies, which hampers recovery efforts. We conducted a radio-telemetry study in 2002 of 19 males on the Lokern Natural Area in the southwestern portion of the San Joaquin Desert. Based on 100% Minimum Convex Polygons (MCP), home ranges varied from 1.25–14.5 ha with a mean of 5.93 ha (± 0.90 standard error). The average daily distance traveled by these 19 males was 128.5 m (range, 71.4–224.5) and the average greatest distance travelled in a day was 313.0 m, with some traveling > 0.5 km. Our data are useful to further refine the estimates of home range and movements of this neglected protected species, but in the future, better home range studies are needed that span multiple years, include both sexes, and occur at sites across its range.
Population ecology and survivorship of San Joaquin antelope squirrels in grazed and control plots in the San Joaquin Desert of California
Authors: Germano David J. , Rathbun Galen B. , Saslaw Lawrence R. , Cypher Brian L.
Published: July 2021

The San Joaquin antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni) is endemic to the San Joaquin Desert of California. It has been listed as Threatened by the state of California since 1980 due to profound habitat loss, but a paucity of information could limit conservation efforts for this species. We examined data collected each August during 1997–2006 to determine whether A. nelsoni population attributes differed between grazed and ungrazed study plots. We found that sex ratios, mean weights, percentage of reproductive males, number of young, yearly survival, longevity, overall survivorship, and population growth trajectories all were similar between grazed and ungrazed plots. In general, sex ratios were even, males were heavier than females, some males were reproductive in August (although most females were not), and the number of young was inversely related to residual dry matter. We also found that we captured most individuals only once, but we captured a few squirrels for up to for 5 years, and the populations on both grazed and ungrazed plots were growing during the 10-year study. Our study was only the second long-term investigation of this species and the information is needed for further conservation and recovery efforts.
Conservation of threatened San Joaquin antelope squirrels: distribution surveys, habitat suitability, and conservation recommendations
Authors: Cypher Brian L. , Kelly Erica C. , O’Leary Reagen , Phillips Scott E. , Saslaw Lawrence R. , Tennant Erin N. , Westall Tory L.
Published: July 2021

The San Joaquin antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni: SJAS) is listed as Threatened pursuant to the California Endangered Species Act due to profound habitat loss throughout its range in the San Joaquin Desert in California. Habitat loss is still occurring and critical needs for SJAS include identifying occupied sites, quantifying optimal habitat conditions, and conserving habitat. Our objectives were to (1) conduct surveys to identify sites where SJAS were present, (2) assess habitat attributes on all survey sites, (3) generate a GIS-based model of SJAS habitat suitability, (4) use the model to determine the quantity and quality of remaining habitat, and (5) use these results to develop conservation recommendations. SJAS were detected on 160 of the 326 sites we surveyed using automated camera stations. Sites with SJAS typically were in arid upland shrub scrub communities where desert saltbush (Atriplex polycarpa) or jointfir (Ephedra californica) were the dominant shrubs, although shrubs need not be present for SJAS to be present. Sites with SJAS usually had relatively sparse ground cover with >10% bare ground and Arabian grass (Schismus arabicus) was the dominant grass. SJAS were more likely to occur on sites where kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) were present and burrow abundance was greater, but SJAS were less likely to be present on sites with California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi). Based on our habitat suitability model, an estimated 5,931 km2 of high or moderately high quality habitat and 4,753 km2 of lower quality habitat remain. To conserve SJAS, we recommend (1) conducting additional SJAS surveys on sites not surveyed but with suitable habitat, (2) conserving unprotected lands with suitable habitat, (3) managing vegetation on occupied sites if necessary, (4) restoring disturbed lands to increase suitability for SJAS, and (5) conducting translocations of SJAS to unoccupied sites with suitable habitat.
Development of a morphological key for the southern salt marsh harvest mouse using genetically verified individuals
Authors: Statham Mark J. , Barthman-Thompson Laureen , Fresquez Susan , Sacks Benjamin N.
Published: July 2021

The salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM; Reithrodontomys raviventris) is a state and federally listed endangered species endemic to the coastal marshes of the San Francisco Estuary of California. Of two subspecies, the southern (R. r. raviventris) is most endangered and lacks reliable morphological field tools to distinguish from the sympatric western harvest mouse (WHM; R. megalotis). We trapped and collected genetic samples and morphological data from 204 harvest mice from 14 locations from across the range of the southern SMHM. Genetic species identification indicated these to be composed of 48 SMHM and 156 WHM, which we compared at ten morphological characters. Most continuous characters overlapped between species. Color characters were significantly differentiated and we identified a number of species-specific diagnostic pelage categories in both species. A random forest analysis indicated that ventral coloration of the abdomen and the ventral tail hair color were the most useful for differentiating between species. We used these two morphological characters to develop a decision tree which correctly classified 94% of harvest mice to species with 99% accuracy. These findings suggest that our decision tree can be used to reliably identify the species of most harvest mice in the range of the southern SMHM, with a small proportion (6% in our study) needing genetic confirmation. The decision tree should be tested on additional harvest mice that were not used in its development, particularly from novel locations across the range.
Conservation of endangered Tipton kangaroo rats (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides): status surveys, habitat suitability, and conservation recommendations
Authors: Cypher Brian L. , Phillips Scott E. , Westall Tory L. , Tennant Erin N. , Saslaw Lawrence R. , Kelly Erica C. , VanHorn Job Christine L.
Published: July 2021

The Tipton kangaroo rat (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides; TKR) is listed as endangered both Federally and by the state of California due to profound habitat loss throughout its range in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Habitat loss is still occurring and critical needs for TKR include identifying occupied sites, quantifying optimal habitat conditions, and conserving habitat. Our objectives were to (1) conduct surveys to identify sites where TKR were extant, (2) assess habitat attributes on all survey sites, (3) generate a GIS-based model of TKR habitat suitability, (4) use the model to determine the quantity and quality of remaining TKR habitat, and (5) use these results to develop conservation recommendations. We surveyed for TKR on 44 sites by live-trapping and detected TKR on 15 sites. Sites with TKR tended to have larger alkali scalds and no obvious sign of past tilling compared to sites without TKR. Also, sites with TKR usually had relatively sparse ground cover and seepweed (Suaeda nigra) was present. The non-protected Heermann’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni), a larger competitor, was either absent or present in relatively low numbers at sites with TKR, and when present its abundance was inversely related to that of TKR. Based on our habitat suitability modeling, an estimated 30,000 ha of moderately high or high quality TKR habitat and 60,000 ha of lower or medium quality habitat remain. However, habitat is still being lost and conversion of at least one survey site with TKR occurred during this project. Recommendations for TKR conservation are to (1) conduct additional TKR surveys on unsurveyed but suitable sites, (2) conserve suitable habitat on unprotected lands, (3) manage vegetation on occupied sites if necessary, (4) restore disturbed lands to increase suitability for TKR, and (5) research methods and conduct translocations of TKR to unoccupied sites with suitable habitat.
Development of ecologically meaningful, multiple-species conservation strategies under the California and U.S. Endangered Species Acts
Authors: Fleishman Erica , George T. Luke , Hansen Eric C. , Heinrichs Julie
Published: July 2021

The California and U.S. Endangered Species Acts prohibit take of protected species, but allow for authorization of take incidental to otherwise lawful activities provided the take is minimized and mitigated. Incomplete and inconsistent ecological information can limit the contribution of mitigation plans for incidental take, especially those for multiple species, to species persistence. Many such plans focus on acquisition and management of coarse-resolution land-cover or land-use types. These classifications may not coincide with a species’ resource requirements (its habitat) or the greatest constraints to its viability. Complementing acquisition with rigorous research on population biology, stressors, and habitat use and quality may be much more effective than preservation of putative but unproven habitat. Such adaptive conservation can be applied to species with restricted or extensive distributions. When the distribution and ecology of geographically restricted species are well-known, then connectivity analyses, sometimes complemented by spatially explicit, mechanistic population models, may inform habitat acquisition and management. When little information exists on the ecology or vital rates of a restricted species, we suggest assessment of occupancy, habitat use, or demography; tracking individuals’ movements; and evaluation of habitat quality. Acquisition and management of local lands that may not serve as habitat is unlikely to contribute to conservation of extensively distributed species with range-wide declines. Instead, we suggest that conservation efforts for these species emphasize strategic acquisition of open space (large, undeveloped areas that are more likely to serve as high-quality habitat), potentially in locations distant from the permit area. The above areas of research can inform optimization of conservation locations. Many mitigation decisions are based on assumptions drawn from limited data. Inclusion of scientific research in development and implementation of mitigation plans for incidental take can strengthen the plans’ information content, improve the ecological success acquisition and management, and advance conservation of protected species.
Status of the Amargosa niterwort (Amaranthaceae) in California and Nevada
Authors: Fraga Naomi S. , Miller Alice L. , De Groot Sarah J. , Lee Corey , Lund Christina L. , Moore-O’Leary Kara
Published: July 2021

The Amargosa niterwort is a narrow endemic restricted to alkali wetlands of the northern Mojave Desert in Inyo County, California and Nye County, Nevada. Groundwater pumping and subsequent hydrological alteration within the Amargosa groundwater basin has been identified as the most significant threat to the long-term persistence of the species. Parallel monitoring programs were established in California (2010) and Nevada (2014) to establish baseline trends in abundance, measured as ramet (stem) number, and to aid in determining management actions that are needed to ensure the long-term viability of populations. Monitoring in California shows significant variation in abundance between years; however, there are consistent trends, indicating that factors influencing increase or decrease in abundance is similar across the population. However, this pattern is not shared in Nevada, where following a sharp decline between 2014 and 2015 the population has remained relatively stable. Two of the three Nevada macroplots are downstream from Crystal Reservoir and are likely influenced by discharge from the reservoir including periodic water releases and leakage from the earthen dam. Significant increases and decreases in abundance within macroplots are not correlated with climate variables including precipitation, thus it is important to understand how groundwater flow and spring discharge impacts abundance of plants within and between populations.
Protecting a displaced species in an altered river: a case study of the endangered Sacramento River winter-run Chinook Salmon
Authors: Meyers Erica M.
Published: July 2021

Endangered Sacramento River winter-run Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exist as a single population that spawns in the Sacramento River downstream of Shasta Dam near Redding, CA. Displaced from their historical habitat after dam construction circa 1940, their survival depends on cold water released from Shasta Reservoir. Managing and recovering the species is further complicated by their anadromous life history, habitat loss and degradation, largescale water supply management, and climate change. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife and other resource agencies coordinate closely to protect the species from extinction, confronting challenges with collaborative restoration and science-driven management. As climate change brings more frequent droughts, warmer weather, and increased variability in precipitation, Sacramento River winter-run Chinook Salmon recovery will require greater collaboration and a shift to more holistic restoration actions that promote and maintain the diversity and resilience of the species and its habitats.
Studi Analisis tentang Kelimpahan Damai Sejahtera dalam Surat Filipi 4:4-9
Authors: Lestari Eni
Published: July 2021

The letter that was sent by Paul to the Philipians contains important messages that are precisely accurate to be implemented in the life of believers nowadays.  The condition of the world that doesn’t provide any assurance of security, moreover with the pandemic issue which is still happening, become the most factors of the absence of peace.  The government is not capable enough to guarantee the tranquility, but Paul consoles the heart of believers, to remind them that they have the double nationality, both earth and heaven.  If the world doesn’t offer and assure a sense of safety, then there is heaven, the one they can yearn to. This trust confirmed with concition that, “God is near” (Phil. 4:5). This article is going to discuss practical steps on how to enjoy a peaceful prosperous by analyzing each and every words in Philipians 4:4-9. Choosing important sentence parts in Greek, translating based on the rules, and finding the intended meaning will be the main activities in this research. At the end of the exploration process, the writer will present the results of the discovery of the valuable truth for today's life in practical and meaningful writing.
An Asset Based Approach (ABA) toward Self-Sustaining Mission in Indonesia
Authors: Trihandarkha Daniel
Published: July 2021

Pandemic is virtually unprecedented. Churches and mission works alike are forced to think differently on how they do their respective work. With the restrictions of gathering in big groups and the economic crisis crippled the market, the mission works also suffers in what already difficult environment in Indonesia. The voices of restlessness seeing how oblivious we are in the state complacencies are finally being heard in the time of crisis, namely, pandemic. This is the time we need to listen to the Spirit and Truth to understand the sign time. In the midst of this difficult time missions are not required to look elsewhere but surrounding. It is a pathway to discover, not invent, the God given assets in next door neighbor, and that’s what Asset Based Approach (ABA) is all about, contributing to the self-sustaining mission in the long run.
Tinggal dan Berbuah di Dalam Yesus: Eksegesis terhadap Yohanes 15:4-5
Authors: Herman Daniel Horatius
Published: July 2021

There are many interpretations made of John 15: 4-6. The many interpretations can lead to confusion about the purpose of Jesus. This study aims to find the meaning of the teachings of Jesus according to Jesus' intent so that the problems of different interpretations can be resolve. This study was done by exegeting and relating the text to the context of Jesus' story, the context of the Gospel of John, the context of the Old Testament, and the context of the first reader and then implies its meaning to current Bible readers. This research was conduct in three parts. First, study 15:4 “Abiding versus Not Abiding in Jesus.” which refers to a command or invitation to take sides with Jesus; The second study on 15: 5 Fruitful versus Unfruitful. It relates directly to the responses to the invitation in the first section; and third, the study of 15: 6 He threw out, He dried and is on burning. This section describes the condemnation of rejecting Jesus.
Shurpankha as an assertive woman in Kavita Kane’s ‘Lanka’s Princess’ – a critical study
Authors: Dharma Rucha , Guha Subrat
Published: July 2021

Indian mythology has been a subject of deep study and interest. Many people have reviewed and shared their thoughts regarding various mythological subjects. Various primary, secondary, male, female characters have been discussed on various platforms. But, there are many women characters who have not got justice regarding their lives and personality. A lot of them have been portrayed as negative and dark characters. The explanation behind their angst and revenge has been unknown or hidden. Kavita Kane in her works has tried to unravel the hidden personalities and various aspects of these characters. In this paper, the focus has been made on a very negatively approached woman character, Shurpankha, sister of Ravan, from the epic Ramayan. Was Shurpankha really hateful? What would have been the reasons behind her anguish and dark nature? Kavita Kane has made an effort to answer many such questions about Shurpankha, in her book ‘Lanka’s Princess’. Even being a princess, what might have been the reasons about her revenge taking acts, that caused war between Ram and Ravan.
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS E A TELEVISÃO ABERTA: UM OLHAR DOS ALUNOS DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Santos Renata Souza dos , Souza Albano de Goes
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a relação que os alunos do 5º e 6º anos da modalidade EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos) da Escola Austricliano Carvalho têm com a Televisão Aberta, uma vez que, por estes estudantes ainda não terem escolarização completa e pertencerem às classes menos favorecidas se tornam vulneráveis às influências midiáticas. As reflexões presentes nesse texto têm por base não apenas o estudo teórico ou referências, mas, parte da análise de dados coletados no processo do estudo de caso dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa. Participaram como sujeitos da pesquisa 07 (sete) alunos da EJA. Foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada feita individualmente com cada um dos participantes. Os resultados obtidos apontam que os alunos têm uma relação de educação informal em relação à Televisão Aberta, tornando-se também como alternativa de lazer.
O FORTALECIMENTO DA POLÍTICA EXTERNA CHINO-BRASILEIRA NOS ÚLTIMOS 10 ANOS
Authors: Lima Wallace Moacir Paiva
Published: July 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar através de revisão bibliográfica sobre o fortalecimento da política externa chino brasileira nos últimos 10 anos. No próximo ano, a República Popular da China (RPC) está em vias de aumentar significativamente sua presença comercial no Brasil. Essa possibilidade reflete o atual interesse estratégico da China no Brasil, uma vez que os dois países trabalham juntos para criar uma vacina contra a COVID-19. Se bem-sucedida, uma vacina aliviaria grande parte das atuais preocupações econômicas e de saúde pública em ambos os países, já que a recuperação da pandemia abriria oportunidades de comércio e incentivaria maiores laços comerciais em todos os níveis entre a RPC e o Brasil O tipo do estudo é uma revisão bibliográfica, pesquisas do tipo tem o objetivo primordial à exposição dos atributos de determinado fenômeno ou afirmação entre suas variáveis.