bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can a school health club-based intervention significantly influence the drivers of gendered sexual norms and ideologies among in-school adolescents in southeast Nigeria?
Authors: Akamike Ifeyinwa C. , Agu Ifunanya C. , Agu Chibuike , Eze Irene I. , Eigbiremolen Godstime O. , Mbachu Chinyere O. , Onwujekwe Obinna
Published: September 2024

Individual experiences, social policies, and environmental exposure shape beliefs, norms and ideologies about sexuality. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a school health club training programme in improving adolescents’ knowledge and perceptions of gender norms and ideologies about sexuality. This was an intervention study among in-school adolescent boys and girls in 12 secondary schools in Ebonyi State, southeast Nigeria. The intervention was the establishment of school health clubs in six schools (intervention), while the six other schools served as controls that did not have school health clubs. Data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data. More than half of the adolescents in the intervention (58.3%) and non-intervention (56.1%) schools believed that men need sex more than women. About 90% of adolescents in school (in both arms) agreed that both boys and girls should remain virgins until marriage. Majority of adolescents in both intervention and non-intervention schools disagreed with the notion that “it is justifiable for a boy to hit his girlfriend”. Female gender (OR: 1.6; CI 1.1-2.4), senior secondary school level (OR: 1.6; CI 1.0-2.5), and urban residence (OR: 1.7; CI: 1.1-2.5) were associated with the perception that boys do not respect girls who agree to have sex with them. Working for pay decreases the likelihood of having the perception that girls should remain virgin until they marry (OR: 0.4; CI: 0.2-0.9), while living in the urban area increases the likelihood of having the perception that boys should remain virgins until marriage (OR: 2.1; 1.1-4.1). Female gender (OR: 0.7; CI: 0.5-1.0) and urban residence (OR: 0.6; 0.4-0.9) decrease the likelihood of having the perception that men need sex more frequently than women do. In the intervention arm, female gender was associated with perception that boys do not respect girls who agree to have sex with them (OR: 2.4; CI: 1.3-4.3) while older age was associated with the perception that men need sex more frequently than women in the intervention arm (OR:1.2; CI:1.0-1.4). No predictor was found in the non-intervention arm. Although both intervention and non-intervention arms had positive perceptions of gendered sexual norms and ideologies, a school health club-based intervention could influence the drivers of these norms.
Impact of Cultural Values and Norms on Political Attitudes and Behaviour: An Analysis from a Sociological Perspective
Authors: Swechaa Siingh
Published: September 2024

Cultural influences and political attitudes and actions are the subject of this paper's analysis. Culture has a significant role in shaping people's political ideas, policy preferences, party affiliations, civic involvement, and voting patterns. This was shown via a thorough literature study, expert interviews, and rigorous content analysis. The results show that secularism and multiculturalism are progressive cultural values that predict liberal political leanings, while religious observance and patriotism are conservative cultural values. The research also delves into the ways in which politicians and media outlets use cultural symbols and narratives deliberately to shape public opinion and frame situations in their favor. Evidence suggests that cultural norms about individuals' responsibilities and abilities affect both voter participation and the results of elections. Promoting inclusive institutions and cross-cultural interaction, cultivating political literacy, expanding access to varied viewpoints, and providing critical civic education are all potential changes that might help alleviate cultural prejudices. The importance of democratic procedures and policies that are sensitive to different cultural perspectives in pursuing common objectives fairly is highlighted by this study. Just and successful administration in multicultural countries requires an understanding of the cultural roots of political actions and judgments.
बिहार में दलित महिला सशक्तिकरण और समाज का बदलता दृष्टिकोण
Authors: Ranjan Priya
Published: September 2024

मानव सभ्यता के इतिहास में स्वतंत्रता व सशक्तिकरण का प्रश्न सदा से ही उलझनपूर्ण रहा है। दलित महिला को लेकर जितनी भी व्यावस्थाएं बनी उनमें उसे प्रायः दोयम दर्जे का स्थान ही दिया गया है। इसके लिए हमारी सामाजिक व्यावस्था और पुरुष प्रधन समाज की सोच पूर्णतः उत्तरदायी है। सामाजिक असमानता निरक्षरता, अंधविश्वास, दहेज, जाति प्रथा, लिंग-भेद आदि मुद्दों के विरुद्ध आवाज उठती रही है। परिणाम स्वरूप भारतीय संविधान में समानता को समकक्ष रखकर उनके विकास के लिए समान अवसरों की गारंटी दी अनेक प्रावधानों द्वारा दलित महिला को सुरक्षा तथा संरक्षण प्रदान करने की व्यवस्था की गई। जिससे दलित महिला के अंदर नई चेतना और जागृति का विकास हुआ। और वे समाज के मुख्यधारा में अपने को स्थापित किया। यथा शिक्षा, राजनीति और रोजगार में उनकी सहभागिता गुणात्मक रूप से वृद्धि हुई है। जिससे सामाजिक सोच व संरचना में बदलाव आया है।
A 6-BIT HIGH SPEED ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER USING INTEL 8085 MICROPROCESSOR
Authors: H S Bhaskar
Published: September 2024

Architecture to simplify the circuit implementation of the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter is proposed, the approach partitions input range into N-quantization cells, separated by N-1 boundary points. The Microprocessor decides with in which cell the input sample lies. The successive approximation technique translates input sample to digital domain. This makes the quantization feasible with much higher speed than with conventional successive approximation technique. Results of 8 bit prototype is presented.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SOME PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES OF STANDARD ASSAMESE AND NALBARIA DIALECT
Authors: Rahman Md. Wahidur
Published: September 2024

Up to 17th century the Kamrupi dialect had special influence on the field of literature and culture of Assam. Subsequently, the influence of Kamrupi language decreased due to the political and social factors. Before the coming of the British, the lower Assam region, especially undivided Kamrup district was the centre of literary exercises and scholarly activities. But a new literary language originated in the middle of the 19th century when the American Baptist Missionaries started publishing 'Arunodoi' using the local dialects of Sibsagar region. Consequently dialect of Sibsagar was standardized as standard Assamese and the Assamese language of Kamrupa becomes lesser known dialect and it has been confined to the spoken language of the greater Kamrup region. The spoken language of Kamrup, Nalbari, Baksa and Barpeta districts of undivided Kamrup district is regarded as Kamrupi dialect. The spoken variety of Nalbari region called as Nalbaria dialect is a branch of Kamrupi dialect. Nalbaria dialect exhibits certain homogeneity like, use of tripthong, frequent use of apenthetic vowel etc. which are not found in standard Assamese. The final diphthongs/oi/ and /ou/ of standard Assamese generally appear as / e/ and /o/ in Nalbaria dialect. This paper attempts to highlight some phonological differences between standard Assamese and Nalbaria dialect and it attempts to describe some phonological features of standard Assamese and Nalbaria dialect in comparative terms.
A STUDY ON GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR AI AND ML SYSTEMS
Authors: Bhuvan Seema
Published: September 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems increasingly permeate various sectors, establishing a robust governance framework becomes imperative to ensure ethical use, transparency, accountability, and security. This paper explores the critical components of a governance framework for AI and ML systems, highlighting the roles of policy, ethical guidelines, technical standards, and organizational practices. By examining existing frameworks and proposing a comprehensive model, this paper aims to provide a foundation for effective governance in the rapidly evolving field of AI and ML.
A STUDY ON CRYPTOCURRENCY WALLET COINSWITCH
Authors: Hamdulay Nawaz Ali , Ponde Sandeep J
Published: September 2024

The traditional wallet we have been using for decades is a carry pouch on a go in which a person carries his/her fiat currency and small personal items like identification documents like a driver's license, visiting cards, debit cards, credit cards, or any laminated cards. However, in the age of crypto currency, you need a wallet to keep your crypto tokens in one place for use on a daily basis and for trading and earning more crypto tokens so this wallet is known as crypto wallet. It enables you to store and handle all of the day's chaos with it. This study will examine CoinSwitch a crypto currency wallet, and all the features and services it provides to its dedicated users. The impact of the CoinSwitch wallet on the Indian crypto currency market will be examined in the research article. The research article will also examine CoinSwitch's SWOT analysis, benefits and drawbacks as a crypto currency wallet.
THE IMPACT OF AI AND ML ON ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Bhuvan Seema
Published: September 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies into business operations is profoundly reshaping organizational structures. This paper explores the implications of AI and ML on organizational hierarchies, job roles, decision-making processes, and the overall strategic orientation of companies. By analyzing contemporary case studies and theoretical perspectives, we seek to understand how these technologies drive changes in organizational dynamics, enhance efficiency, and introduce new challenges.
INDIAN SCROLL PAINTINGS AS ILLUSTRATIONS
Authors: Sharma Namrita , Rani Pallavi
Published: September 2024

Scroll paintings have been an integral part of India’s visual and oral storytelling tradition. It is the variations as well as certain similarities in the visual devices used in the scrolls across traditions which makes them unique till date as indigenous. With the diminishing practice of these paintings due to various factors, its inclusion into the mainstream creative industry practice as well as understanding the indigenous visual practice becomes essential. In the currently existing scholarship, these paintings have been analyzed from the perspectives of heritage preservation, their narrative qualities, context, aesthetics however, its illustrative character mapping and its application in design education to enrich the knowledge of visual design gamut requires further exploration. This study attempts to address the understanding of the compositional character of these scrolls for common patterns or design by identifying the methods of arranging the visual elements i.e. the modes of composition.
MEASURING HPV VACCINATION AWARENESS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY AMONG YOUNG WOMEN
Authors: Pathak Alisha
Published: September 2024

“Despite being completely preventable, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer for Indian women. The mortality rate for India due to cervical cancer is higher than the global average. This paves a way for massive screening and immunization programs by the government. However, lack of awareness about the causes and preventive behaviours for cervical cancer among the population is prevalent. Vaccination as well as screening programs are bound to be unsuccessful unless the target population is vigilant about the severity of this disease. This paper uses online survey method to measure the HPV vaccination awareness and role of media in propagating HPV vaccination messages among young women. The major objectives of this study are to measure the level of awareness, understand the role of media in stimulating HPV vaccination awareness and find the factors that stop women from getting vaccinated. A total of 88 responses were received and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of this study suggest that not only in marginalized communities but also in well empowered young women, the level of awareness for HPV vaccination is low. The media has so far not been utilized optimally for propagating the messages and alongside, lack of awareness, unavailability and high cost of vaccines are important factors that inhibit the uptake of vaccination by young women in India.”
EXPLORING THE TRANSFORMATIVE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Singh Suneeta , Waoo Akhilesh A
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a complete examination of the job of AI in advanced education, planning to give bits of knowledge into its applications, advantages, difficulties, and future bearings. Drawing upon hypothetical structures and exact proof, the paper investigates how AI is reforming academic practices through customized learning and draws near clever coaching frameworks and versatile guidance. It additionally examines the manners by which AI-driven regulatory mechanization upgrades institutional effectiveness, upholds understudy achievement drives, and cultivates examination and advancement in the scholarly world. In any case, close to its expected advantages, the mix of man-made intelligence in advanced education presents difficulties connected with protection, inclination, mechanical foundation, and staff preparation. Through contextual analysis and experimental examination, this paper features fruitful executions of artificial intelligence in advanced education organizations, distinguishes key examples learned, and proposes proposals for amplifying the extraordinary effect of AI while addressing moral contemplations and guaranteeing evenhanded admittance to instructive open doors. Generally, this thorough examination gives a nuanced comprehension of the developing job of man-made intelligence in advanced education and offers important bits of knowledge for policymakers, teachers, and partners exploring the complications of simulated intelligence joining in instructive settings.
Preface
Authors: Buxton Richard Fernando
Published: September 2024

Published in Richard Fernando Buxton, ed., Aspects of Leadership in Xenophon (HISTOS Supplement 5), p. i-ii.
Ch. 4. The Death of Nicias: No Laughing Matter
Authors: Tompkins Daniel P.
Published: September 2024

Thucydides’ brief obituary for Nicias (7.86.2) is instructively challenging. Scholars largely agree that the historian ‘respects’, ‘praises’, ‘endorses’, or ‘pities’ Nicias, without ‘scorn or irony’: but their agreement is nervous, since its authors have also keenly noted Nicias’ political, strategic and tactical mistakes. Thucydides’ text is ‘nervous’, too. Surprises, double meanings, and incongruities permeate both the obituary and the broader arc of the Nicias narrative, creating a discursive zone or borderland that has structural similarities to comedy. The text is grim, not ‘funny’, but viewing it through a comic prism reveals new and important levels of meaning.
Published in Emily Baragwanath and Edith Foster, ed., Clio and Thalia. Attic Comedy and Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 6), p. 99-128.
Ch. 5. Aristophanes' Cleon and Post-Peloponnesian War Athenians: Denunciations in Thucydides
Authors: Foster Edith
Published: September 2024

This paper explores some important ways in which the assembly scenes in Book 4 of Thucydides (21–2 and 27.3–29) reactivate the themes and strategies of characterisation from Aristophanes’ Knights. Scholars have often argued that the consistency between Thucydides’ and Aristophanes’ representations of Cleon and the assembly reflects a shared bias against Cleon. The paper suggests that we should review this opinion in the light of the fact that Thucydides’ post-war readers were in the opposite situation from Aristophanes’ triumphant post-Pylos audience of 424, and examines Thucydides’ resuscitation of Aristo-phanic characterisations and themes in terms of his aims in respect to these post-war readers. As a particular example of Thucydides’ re-use of Aristophanic modes, the paper examines Thucydides’ close attention to depicting and explaining Cleon’s denunciations of others. It goes on to mention other commonalities of theme and attitude between the two authors, and finally suggests that Thucydides’ reactivation of Aristophanic themes links him to further developments in fourth-century historiography, for which comedy was an important source.
Published in Emily Baragwanath and Edith Foster, ed., Clio and Thalia. Attic Comedy and Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 6), p. 129-52.
Ch. 1. Introduction: Clio and Thalia
Authors: Baragwanath Emily , Foster Edith
Published: September 2024

Published in Emily Baragwanath and Edith Foster, ed., Clio and Thalia. Attic Comedy and Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 6), p. 1-30.
Ch. 2. Geographical and Historical Patterning in Diodorus Siculus
Authors: Rood Tim
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the function of geographical and historical patterning in Diodorus’ work, in particular parallels between Sicily and mainland Greece created both through explicit plotting of events and through intratextual and intertextual echoes. It examines how Diodorus relates two Sicilian leaders, Agathocles and Dion, to Alexander and Philip of Macedon; how he creates links between Agesilaus’ invasion of Asia and Dionysius I’s conflict with Carthage; and how he picks up Thucydides’ Sicilian narrative in his account of Gelon’s victory over Carthage. The paper also explores and questions the language of East and West that scholars have applied in speaking of links between mainland Greece and Sicily.
Published in Alexander Meeus, ed., Narrative in Hellenistic Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 8), p. 23-68.
Ch. 4. Filling in the Gaps: Studying Anachronism in Diodorus’ Narrative of the First Sicilian ‘Slave War’
Authors: Morton Peter
Published: September 2024

Diodorus Siculus’ narrative of the First Sicilian ‘Slave War’ is often considered to offer an ‘accurate, reliable, and comprehensive’ account of the war. This article aims to demonstrate that the text is not necessarily authoritative by reassessing the narrative function of an anachronistic explanatory passage that is often ‘fixed’ in modern accounts with a plausible, but hypothetical alternative. It is argued that we cannot ‘fix’ this anachronism without thereby jeopardising the text’s narrative structure. In sum, the anachronism was inserted because the author did not understand the events he narrated or their immediate historical context.
Published in Alexander Meeus, ed., Narrative in Hellenistic Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 8), p. 115-43.
Ch. 5. Emotion and Greekness in Dionysius of Halicarnassus’ Account of the Exile of Coriolanus
Authors: Hogg Dan
Published: September 2024

Dionysius’ account of Coriolanus’ exile is rarely treated on its own terms, normally being deprecated as inferior to Livy or Plutarch’s version of the same. On the contrary, Dionysius’ account is a powerful illustration of his method in combining Roman source-material with Greek literary heritage. In particular, Dionysius uses epic and technical elements of stage language to draw out the psychological tensions at play in the story. This account, therefore, not only helps us get closer to Dionysius’ vision of Romanness, as Greek-inflected and distinct from Livy’s; it also problematises tough, Roman masculinity, suggesting that Dionysius is a more subtle observer of Rome than is usually imagined.
Published in Alexander Meeus, ed., Narrative in Hellenistic Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 8), p. 145-69.
2. Felix Dahn and Jacob Haury: The Foundations of Procopius Research in the German Language
Authors: Meier Mischa
Published: September 2024

Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
7. Procopius in Hungarian
Authors: Kovács Tamás
Published: September 2024

Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
14. Procopius in Greek Scholarship
Authors: Manafis Panagiotis
Published: September 2024

Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
16. Procopius in the Far East: Japanese Language Studies and Translations
Authors: Murata Koji
Published: September 2024

This article looks at the reception of and research on Procopius in Japan(ese). One of the main topics that Japanese scholars discussed in the second half of the twentieth century was Procopius’ description of silkworms from Sêrinda. These studies provide unique insights into this matter, some of which are detailed here. Then, the second part of this article focuses on two recent Japanese translations of the Anecdota, pointing out some of their strong and weak features. These observations reveal that there is still little Japanese material on Procopius, although several works are worth mentioning in relation to the development of Procopian studies globally.
Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
The Uses and Disadvantages of Socrates
Authors: Rowe Christopher
Published: September 2024

Socrates was and is one of the most influential figures in the history of Western philosophy. Yet it remains an open question just what the real, historical Socrates stood for: he wrote nothing, and none even of our most ancient sources can probably be relied upon to give us anything like an accurate picture of his ideas and methods. As if to fill the gap, successive individual philosophers and philosophical traditions—from Plato to Nietzsche and beyond—construct a range of different Socrateses, to serve either as a model for emulation or as a target of attack. Nevertheless, the single most vivid picture of Socrates is that provided by Plato, who was his immediate philosophical successor, and who gave the character 'Socrates' the leading role in the majority of his fictional dialogues. What is this Socrates like, and does he have any use for us?
The Constitutional Debate: Herodotus' Exploration of Good Government
Authors: Roy C. Sydnor
Published: September 2024

Herodotus’ Constitutional Debate is an important contribution to the development of political thought, since Herodotus provides in it definitions of the three forms of government, democracy, oligarchy, and monarchy. Yet the narrative context of the debate, as well as the Histories entire, often undermines these descriptions. In this article, I attempt to show how Herodotus focuses much more on the pragmatic goals of government—accountability, good decision-making, and stability—than on pure constitutional forms, and such a pragmatic focus suggests that Herodotus may be an early proponent of a ‘mixed’ constitution.
Philosophy and Ideology in John 9-10 Read as a Single Literary Unit
Authors: Engberg-Pedersen Troels
Published: September 2024

The article argues for five connected theses: (1) that against some older, quite established perceptions, but in line with a more recent trend, chapters 9–10 of the Fourth Gospel should be seen as a single literary unit, held together by a concern with a single motif: how to draw the proper conclusion about Jesus’ identity from his acts (ἔργα), that is, understanding them as ‘signs’ (σηµεῖα); going beyond the recent trend, the article claims that this single unit includes John 10:22–42, which scholars regularly see as independent; (2) that the text’s articulation of ἔργα as σηµεῖα may be fully grasped once one sees it in the light of the Stoic theory of the ‘sign’ (σηµεῖον); (3) that the literary unity focused on the ability to read Jesus’ ἔργα as ‘signs’ yields a thematic unity of the two chapters, which consists in the contrast between those able to do the proper reading (the blind man healed representing Christ-believers more generally) and those unable to do so (‘the Jews’); (4) that the text operates centrally with the idea of behaving violently towards the other part and that it unilaterally ascribes the initiative for this to ‘the Jews’; (5) that this move is an ‘ideological’ one.
Serious Fun in a Potted History at the Saturnalia? Some Imperial Portraits in Julian the Apostate's Caesars, a Medallion-Image of Julian and the 'Gallienae Augustae' aurei
Authors: Smith Rowland
Published: September 2024

Within a fantastical narrative setting, Julian’s Caesars offers a ‘potted history’ of Rome’s rulers from Julius Caesar to Constantine; in its story, five ‘Caesars’ and Alexander the Great enter a contest to determine which of them had been the greatest. Julian’s prologue to the story represents it ambiguously as both a satirical contribution to the fun at a Saturnalia, and a ‘myth’ offering profitable instruction on serious matters. The assessment of Julian’s underlying mood and purposes in composing Caesars is accordingly problematic: questions arise about the balance of humour and earnestness in his narrative voice, the extent to which his fiction’s ‘instructiveness’ was implicitly a lesson in historical ‘facts’, the extent and idiosyncrasies of his own knowledge of Roman history, and the level of literary and historical awareness he anticipated in his target-audience. This paper addresses these questions with reference to Julian’s depictions of some particular emperors and of Alexander in Caesars, and to potentially relevant visual images on a medallion dated to Julian’s reign and in an earlier coin-series. Its argument falls into five sections: (I) introductory discussion of the ‘Saturnalian’ cultural context of Caesars and the circumstances of its composition, and of modern ‘psychologising’ readings of its author’s purposes and state of mind; (II) assessment of the hypothesis that Marcus Aurelius and Alexander serve in Caesars as exemplary ‘models’ for emulation in its author’s eyes; (III) assessment of a visual image of Julian that some adduce as evidence of ‘Alexander-imitation’ by him at the time of Caesars’ composition; (IV) critique of a hypothesis that postulates suppressed anger and prurience at the heart of Caesars’ ostensibly humorous ‘potted history’; (V) a speculative closing discussion relating Caesars’ depiction of a particular emperor (Gallienus) to his portrait-head in a much-discussed coin-image, and to an episode in his reign as reported in a lost account by a third century historian (Dexippus). The discussion reverts in closing to two central matters: Caesars’ problematic standing as a guide to the extent of Julian’s historical knowledge, and the balance of humour, fact and fiction in the piece.
Remembering Cremutius Cordus: Tacitus on History, Tyranny and Memory
Authors: Wisse Jakob
Published: September 2024

Tacitus’ account of the treason trial of the historian Cremutius Cordus under Tiberius has long been recognized as a statement about the freedom of speech of a historian under a repressive regime. This paper offers a full interpretation of the passage, Annals 4.34–5, seen as part of the tightly woven texture of the beginning of the work. Its main problem is the perceived implausibility of Cremutius’ claim that his praise of Brutus and Cassius ought not to have provoked the emperor’s anger. It is here argued that this can be solved by a new interpretation of the preceding digression on historiography under the empire, a passage often assumed to expose the disingenuousness of Cremutius’/Tacitus’ claim; the concept of figured speech, often invoked, is shown to be irrelevant to the issue. Moreover, as it memorializes Tiberius’ guilt as well as Cremutius’ courageous frankness, the passage is a demonstration of the power of history, in accordance with the programmatic statement in 3.65.1.
Nequaquam tantum belli: News and Politics in Livy, Book 35.1-8
Authors: Clark Jessica H.
Published: September 2024

In the opening chapters of Book 35, Livy raises the possibility of a serious revolt in Spain in 194 BCE, a possibility he proceeds to complicate and, ultimately, to reject. Interwoven with these chapters is a complementary narrative of events in Cisalpine Gaul. While both sequences apprise the reader of Roman magistrates’ activities abroad, this is not their primary role. Rather, the opening of Book 35 serves as an object lesson on the process of politics at Rome, as the Senate and individuals within its ranks experience (and exploit) the difficulties of managing conflicts in increasingly distant provinces.
Justin's Epitome: the Unlikely Adaptation of Trogus' World History
Authors: Bartlett Brett
Published: September 2024

There has been a longstanding question concerning the authorship of Justin’s Epitome of Pompeius Trogus’ world history, Historiae Philippicae. What was the purpose of Justin’s work? Was he merely an abbreviator, or did he view his work as a literary accomplishment? Herein the historical and historiographical contexts of the Historiae Philippicae are discussed in order to understand the ‘abbreviator’s’ influence on the original document. Through an examination of subsequent Roman historians who read Trogus and with the help of modern scholarship on Justin, in particular the work of John Yardley, distinctions can often be made between the work of Trogus and the additions of his so-called epitomator, Justin. Throughout the Epitome, Justin maintained a Trogan skeleton, as an abbreviator would, but in several places he did more than abbreviate. Justin reworked Trogus’ world history to achieve his own ends, without any concern for the philosophical basis of Trogus’ work.
Capitoline Jupiter and the Historiography of Roman World Rule
Authors: Thein Alexander
Published: September 2024

This article examines the origins of the idea of Roman world rule and the foundation myths of the Capitoline temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. The temple is associated with world rule by the mid-1st century BC. By the Augustan period its foundation myths are linked with the idea that Rome had been destined, from the time of the Tarquins, to exercise dominion over Italy and the world. The most important of the Capitoline foundation myths describes the prodigy of a human head which was discovered in the ground during the construction of the temple and interpreted as an omen of empire. In its earliest form the story of the caput humanum served as an etymological aetiology to explain why Rome's most important temple was called the Capitolium. This article argues that it was transformed into a myth of empire, with the addition of the prophecy of Rome's imperial destiny, in the mid- to late third century. At first it proclaimed Rome to be 'head of Italy'. The language of empire was inflated after the conquest of the Greek East, and by the late first century it was claimed that Rome had been destined to become 'head of the world'.
The Discourse of Kingship in Classical Athenian Thought
Authors: Atack Carol
Published: September 2024

Athenian foundation myth includes stories of kings, retold in different genres to pursue distinct political agendas and to reshape the Athenian political imaginary. This article explores the transition from drama to history as a vehicle for these stories, and the exploitation of this transition in Isocrates’ political rhetoric, conflating myth and history. While Euripides’ democratic king Theseus represented an idealized active citizen, Isocrates retold Athenian myth to show that the good qualities of Athenian democracy depend on their origins in the city’s political foundation by Theseus, and that citizens should achieve the good life through imitating virtuous monarchs.
Julius Caesar, Thinking About Battle and Foreign Relations
Authors: Lendon J. E.
Published: September 2024

There is a symbiosis between the ways Julius Caesar thought about international relations and his mental armamentarium for thinking about battle, especially in terms of physical pressure (impetus, vis, premere, sustinere), morale (animus), and courage (virtus), with its frequent corollary, revenge. Sometimes his modes of thinking about foreign affairs drew upon battle, and sometimes the two realms of thinking drew mutually upon each other. This sharing of concepts helps us to understand the method of Caesar's Bellum Gallicum, the lack of interest Latin authors so often display in the origins of wars, and also real-world Roman aggression and its purposes, direction, and methods, as practised by Caesar and his successors.
Paideia and Self-Fashioning in Ammianus Marcellinus
Authors: Sánchez-Vendramini Dario N.
Published: September 2024

In many passages of the Res Gestae, Ammianus criticizes contemporary individuals and groups that lack a literary culture befitting their rank. These passages were commonly interpreted as a reflection of Ammianus’ class prejudices. In contrast, the main thesis of this paper is that Ammianus’ perspective on paideia can also be seen as part of the self-fashioning strategy deployed in his work. Ammianus establishes almost a direct equivalence between the possession of paideia and elite membership. In criticizing the ignorance of emperors, officials, and aristocrats, Ammianus is indirectly asserting his own superiority, not only in the intellectual field but also in the social sphere. Throughout his work, Ammianus does not spare any effort to convince his readers of his erudition and literary culture, constructing for himself the identity of a Greek intellectual. Name-dropping and the digressive style he employs in the Res Gestae constitute the main means to construct this identity, because they allow Ammianus to display his encyclopedic learning in a way not common in historical works.
Divine Narratives in Xenophon's Anabasis
Authors: Haywood Jan
Published: September 2024

This paper builds on recent work that has focused on the interplay between Xenophon the narrator and Xenophon the character in the Anabasis. It illustrates how crucial the divine is in the construction of Xenophon’s character and the overall shape of the narrative. By referring to oracles, dreams and sacrifices, as well as his divine estate at Scillus, Xenophon the narrator contributes substantively towards wider thematic concerns in the narrative: the meaningful role of the divine in warfare; Xenophon’s stellar record during this opaque foreign campaign, and the signal connection between piety and good leadership.
Ch. 5. Writing Culture: Historiography, Hybridity, and the Shaping of Collective Memory
Authors: Skinner Joseph
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the relationship between early historiographical enquiry and identity, using theoretical frameworks developed by Homi K. Bhabha and Stuart Hall. In doing so it argues that historiographical enquiry formed part of an ongoing process that was constitutive of identity. ‘Culture work’ of this nature needs to be fully integrated into scholarly consideration of both the manner and the means by which a sense of Hellenic self-consciousness and, by extension, collective memory came into being. The enquiries of the fragmentary Greek Historians are shown to be intimately bound up in wider discourses of identity and difference: coins, elegiac poetry, painted pottery, epigraphy, sculpture and historiographical prose were equally tied up in the ‘making’ of Greek identity.
Published in C. Constantakopoulou and M. Fragoulaki, ed., Shaping Memory in Ancient Greece (HISTOS Supplement 11), p. 189-234.
Reconstructing the Chronology of Caesar’s Gallic Wars
Authors: Raaflaub Kurt A. , Ramsey John T.
Published: September 2024

Caesar dates only the beginning of his first campaign and rarely mentions routes, distances, and times consumed. No detailed timelines for Caesar’s Gallic Wars exist. This gap can be filled by exploiting available clues in Caesar’s text (e.g., astronomical and seasonal events) and Cicero’s letters, and by determining the routes Caesar is likely to have chosen, average traveling and marching speeds (based on data in Caesar’s works and those of other authors), and the days required to cover the distances involved. Modern, digital maps based upon a GIS interface make it possible to measure distances with unprecedented precision. The resulting chronology, though often still speculative, is much more reliable than anything suggested previously.
A Turkish Alexander? Michael Attaleiates, Porus, and Alexander The Great
Authors: Mallan Christopher
Published: September 2024

This short note discusses Michael Attaleiates' account of the encounter between prince Liparites and the Turk, Tughril Beg (Attal. 8.2 [Bekker p. 45 = Pérez Martín p. 34]), which contains an allusion to the famous exchange between Alexander the Great and Porus.
Proof Through the Night: Representations of Fire-Signaling in Greek Historiography
Authors: Moore Daniel W.
Published: September 2024

This article examines representations of fire-signaling in Greek historiography from Herodotus to Polybius. These historians’ depictions of either the extraordinary potential or the possibility for confusion inherent in this form of communication are understood to be indicative of each’s broader views on the effectiveness of human communication, most importantly through the writing of history. The distinctive portrayals of fire-signaling in the works of Herodotus, Thucydides, and Polybius, therefore, are shown to reflect shifting perspectives toward both technology and historiography.
Cassius Dio on Septimius Severus’ decennalia and ludi saeculares
Authors: Scott Andrew G.
Published: September 2024

The epitome of Cassius Dio’s book 77[76] contains a description of various celebrations that took place in 202–4 CE. The lack of clarity in this passage has led scholars to attribute certain spectacles to the wrong celebrations and to posit various hypotheses about the nature of the epitome of this section of Dio’s history. This paper suggests that Dio intentionally conflated the celebrations of these years into one passage, which functions as part of his narrative of the rise and fall of Plautianus and calls into question the public image of the house of Septimius Severus at this time.
Herodotean Ironies
Authors: Rutherford Richard
Published: September 2024

‘Irony/ironic’ are terms frequently used in discussion of Herodotus, whether applied to particular passages or to the text as a whole. This paper aims to distinguish different types of irony which have been or can be detected in the text of the Histories, and to map these on a spectrum ranging from those which are clearly indicated by the narrator to those which demand more by way of interpretation and supplement from the reader. Types described and illustrated include dramatic, oracular, historical, cross-cultural and situational ironies; but the idea that the entire work is in some sense ironic is rejected. Irony as a tool of interpretation seems indispensable, but needs to be handled with circumspection and self-conscious care. The paper ends with some suggestions for further explorations of the topic. Endnotes provide further documentation, principally on ironies of the oracular type.
6. Warfare in the Sicilian Historiographical Tradition
Authors: Pownall Frances
Published: September 2024

Published in Rachel Bruzzone, ed., Polemos and his Children (HISTOS Supplement 12), p. 119-137.
Rewriting Caesar: Cassius Dio and an Alternative Ethnography of the North
Authors: Johnston Andrew C.
Published: September 2024

It has gone generally unnoticed in scholarship that Cassius Dio is unique among the Greek writers of the imperial period in not using the ethnic term Γερµανοί to refer to the peoples dwelling east of the Rhine. This paper argues that this absence is a polemical response to the innovative geography of Caesar’s commentarii, and part of a larger project undertaken by Dio to critically rewrite the history of Caesar and reinterpret Roman imperialism in the north. The removal of the Γερµανοί from the map ultimately supports Dio’s attitudes, based on his experience as a senatorial governor, towards contemporary frontier policy.
The Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia as ‘Poor History’? Historiography, Rhetoric, and the Controversies about Solon in the Fourth Century
Authors: Correa Denis
Published: September 2024

This article examines the kind of historiographical thought that the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia reveals in its use of sources, especially in chapters 2–17, which deal with Solon’s political activity. It confronts the scholarly view of the Athenaion Politeia as poor history and argues that its historical reasoning employs the same kind of rhetorical argumentation that would have been acceptable in the intellectual context of fourth-century Greek historiography.
How (Not) to Commemorate Cicero: Asinius Pollio in Seneca’s Sixth Suasoria
Authors: Pieper Christoph
Published: September 2024

The article examines the three references to Asinius Pollio in Seneca the Elder’s sixth Suasoria. It reads them as an authorial meta-reflection about the interplay between cultural memory and literary or rhetorical emulation. While attempting to canonise Cicero as a cultural and political icon, Seneca invites his readers to participate in this canonisation by imitating both Cicero’s own works and earlier declaimers and historians who have written about him. Asinius Pollio is a key figure for this programme in the Suasoria, in that he does not participate in this game and therefore acts as a negative exemplar for Seneca’s readers.
Ignorance is Bliss? Geographical Knowledge in Herodotus and Thucydides
Authors: Clarke Katherine
Published: September 2024

This article explores the value attached to geographical knowledge, firstly in the work of Herodotus and then in comparison with a key Thucydidean episode. Having established the desirability of knowledge at least for the historian himself, it considers Herodotean episodes in which the geographical knowledge of characters within the narrative is limited, or even deliberately distorted, not always to their disadvantage. It then places against this backdrop Thucydides’ puzzling account of Athenian ignorance in advance of their ill-fated expedition to Sicily. It proposes that Thucydides exaggerates the Athenians’ lack of geographical knowledge in order to characterise them as tragically overtaken by an irrational desire for the fatal expedition.
‘The Only Event Mightier Than Everyone’s Hope’: Classical Historiography and Eusebius’ Plague Narrative
Authors: Devore David J.
Published: September 2024

Classicists have downplayed ecclesiastical historians’ participation in classical historiography. This study provides a test case for Christian engagement with classical historiography through a close reading of Eusebius’ account of the Plague of Cyprian in the Ecclesiastical History (7.21–2). Deploying carefully-selected quotations from Dionysius, the bishop of Alexandria in the 250s AD, Eusebius referenced Thucydides’ plague and invited comparison to further plague narratives in Diodorus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Josephus. Whereas pagans in plague narratives undergo violence and communal breakdown, Eusebius’ Christians celebrate Easter harmoniously and care courageously for plague victims. Eusebius’ plague also highlights divine vengeance on pagan Alexandrians, displays Christian virtue and knowledge, represents Christians as honourable sufferers, and underscores a Christian rejection of cosmic contingency.
Ethnography and the Roman Digressions of Ammianus Marcellinus
Authors: Creer Tyler
Published: September 2024

This article examines the content of Ammianus Marcellinus’ Roman digressions, the form and intent of which have been a consistent subject of debate for scholars, from the perspective of ethnographic writing. It highlights Ammianus’ comparison of the Romans of his day with those of the idealised past, as well as his unusual portrayal of the inhabitants of Rome as similar to the barbarian peoples described elsewhere in the Res Gestae. These aspects of Ammianus’ portrayal of the Romans, it is argued, exemplify the changing nature of Roman identity in Late Antiquity and suggest that at least part of the reason Ammianus wrote the digressions was to articulate an idealised conception of Romanness.
The Enemy’s Brides: Dionysius of Halicarnassus on the Abduction of the Sabine Women
Authors: Poletti Beatrice
Published: September 2024

Unlike other ancient sources focusing on the origin of Roman marriage, Dionysius of Halicarnassus read the abduction of the Sabine Women as a story to extol Roman foreign policy, based as it was on the principle of φιλανθρωπία as well as the foresight and political wisdom of the Roman ruling class. Romulus as a king-legislator and the Roman Senate are the real protagonists of the episode; the abducted women are bereft of, or given, agency according to their social and civic status: at first passive foreigners, they become fully sentient political beings after gaining Roman citizenship through marriage.
Moving Livy
Authors: Woodman A. J.
Published: September 2024

In this paper it is argued that Velleius’ apparent back-dating of Livy is unlikely and results from textual error.
Sourcing the Neronia: Tacitus, Annals 14.20–1
Authors: Woodman A. J.
Published: September 2024

This paper suggests that the contemporary reception of the Neronia as described by Tacitus in the Annals is indebted to the Roman reception of rhetoric as described by Suetonius in his De grammaticis et rhetoribus.
Ch. 3. Homeric Allusions in Herodotus’ Histories
Authors: Haywood Jan
Published: September 2024

Published in Ivan Matijašić, ed., Herodotus - The Most Homeric Historian? (HISTOS Supplement 14), p. 59-90.
Neues Buch Über die Chronica Urbis Romae (on R. W. Burgess, Roman Imperial Chronology and Early-Fourth-Century Historiography. The Regnal Durations of the So-called Chronica urbis Romae of the Chronograph of 354)
Authors: Lambrecht Ulrich
Published: September 2024

Mit den spätantiken Quellen zur Handhabung der Zeitordnung, mit Chronologie, Chronographie und Chroniken, beschäftigt sich Richard W. Burgess seit Jahrzehnten. Dabei widmet er sich mit den Chroniken nicht nur einer besonderen, der Geschichtsschreibung nahestehenden Gattung, sondern nutzt die in ihnen, aber auch in Kalendern, Consularia und Kaiserlisten enthaltenen zeitlichen—und anderen—Angaben zur Erforschung quellenbezogener Abhängigkeiten, um auf diesem Wege zu einem Urteil über die Zuverlässigkeit ihrer Informationen zu kommen. Indem Burgess die Leistungen chronographischer Literatur in den Vordergrund hebt, betreibt er wichtige historiographische Grundlagenforschung und weist über die weitausgreifenden Fragen der Quellenforschung auf wesentliche Verbindungslinien zwischen der chronographischen Literatur und der historiographischen Gattung hin. Auf diese Weise erkennt er diesem Forschungsschwerpunkt eine gewisse Schlüsselrolle für die historiographische Quellenforschung zu, die angesichts der Überlieferungslage literarischer Quellen zur Spätantike ein verzweigtes und diffiziles Arbeitsfeld darstellt. In eben diesen Zusammenhang ist auch die hier zu besprechende und mit einem etwas sperrigen, die Thematik aber ziemlich genau angebenden Titel versehene jüngste Monographie von Burgess einzuordnen.
Ch. 6. Die Another Day: Sarpedon, Aristodemos, and Homeric Intertextuality in Herodotus
Authors: Barker Elton T. E.
Published: September 2024

Published in Ivan Matijašić, ed., Herodotus - The Most Homeric Historian? (HISTOS Supplement 14), p. 161-210.
Sui Fondamenti della Tesi Antica della Paternità Anassimenea del Tricarano: Mimesi Stilistica e Analogie tra i Proemi Storiografici di Anassimene di Lampsaco e di Teopompo di Chio (Ad Anaximenes, FGrHist 72 TT 6, 13; F 1)
Authors: Parmeggiani Giovanni
Published: September 2024

An analysis of Pausanias 6.18.5 (Anaximenes, T 6) suggests that the attribution of Trikaranos to Anaximenes was based on, or corroborated by, ancient comments on style. Anaximenes’ suspected authorship of Demosthenes’ oratio II (Anaxim., F IIa) and analogies between Theopompus’ and Anaximenes’ historiographical proems (Theopompus, F 25 ~ Anaxim., T 13; Theopomp., F 24 = Anaxim., F I) were among the arguments that contributed to an understanding of Anaximenes as a skillful imitator of other writers’ style, particularly of Theopompus’. This paper suggests that Anaximenes wrote his Philippika’s proem revisiting some of the proemial themes of Theopompus’ Philippika, in order to engage in polemic with him; that the arguments for attributing the Trikaranos to Anaximenes are weak; and that new editions of Theopompus’ and Anaximenes’ fragments should each include the complete fragmentary evidence on Trikaranos.