bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GUILLERMO LARIGUET, DILEMAS Y CONFLICTOS TRÁGICOS. UNA INVESTIGACIÓN CONCEPTUAL
Authors: Ortiz-Millán Gustavo
Published: February 2020

Hay ocasiones en que los valores que un agente sostiene entran en conflicto, tiene una presión para decidir y actuar y no sabe qué hacer. En ese momento se encuentra en un aprieto. De hecho, nuestros valores entran en conflicto constantemente, a veces es fácil decidir qué hacer porque tenemos una jerarquía de valores bien establecida, tenemos criterios que nos ayudan a decidir y preferimos cosas que valoramos más por sobre otras que valoramos menos. Todo el tiempo estamos tomando este tipo de decisiones y nos resolvemos fácilmente por un curso de acción entre muchos otros que incesantemente se nos presentan. No obstante, en otras ocasiones la situación es más difícil ya sea porque tenemos que elegir entre dos o más cosas que valoramos mucho o porque existen dos obligaciones que nos demandan actuar en sentidos opuestos, no podemos satisfacer ambas demandas, no tenemos criterios o procedimientos que dirijan claramente nuestras decisiones y, con frecuencia, tenemos que sacrificar alguna de las opciones. Para la persona que se encuentra en este tipo de situaciones, estas no son agradables, sin embargo, para la filosofía son precisamente este tipo de situaciones difíciles las que son más atractivas. Y lo son porque nos revelan mucho acerca de nuestros sistemas normativos, de nuestros juicios de valor, de nuestras experiencias evaluativas y también de los sacrificios que a veces se demandan de nosotros.
LENGUAJE Y TEORÍA DEL DERECHO. TENSIONES EN UNA VARIANTE DEL REALISMO JURÍDICO
Authors: G. Bouvier Hernán
Published: February 2020

El positivismo jurídico como enfoque, en general, y el realismo jurídico en particular siguen al menos tres variantes filosóficas: el empirismo, el naturalismo y el pragmatismo. El realismo jurídico contemporáneo tiene múltiples variantes. Se habla de realismo norteamericano, escandinavo e italiano. Sin embargo, las corrientes del realismo jurídico no suelen seguir completamente a las teorías filosóficas. Más bien siguen algunas tesis, abandonan otras, y desarrollan algunas tesis propias complementarias. El presente trabajo se ocupa de una variante del realismo jurídico (el llamado “genovés”) e intenta mostrar que las tesis que éste movimiento sostiene generan numerosas tensiones. Lo que aquí se sostiene sobre el realismo analizado tiene relevancia, a su vez, sobre lo que se conoce como positivismo jurídico en cuanto enfoque.
MOTIVACIÓN DE LOS HECHOS: REFLEXIONES SOBRE LAS DILIGENCIAS PARA MEJOR PROVEER
Authors: Lara Chagoyán Roberto
Published: February 2020

La motivación de los hechos se ha convertido en los últimos años en un tema de gran relevancia, especialmente porque empieza a ser analizado no tanto desde las herramientas tradicionales del Derecho Procesal sino desde la epistemología aplicada al trabajo de los jueces. En este trabajo, se presenta una serie de reflexiones a propósito de un medio de prueba cuyo uso por los tribunales constitucionales puede redundar en la construcción de la premisa fáctica a partir de criterios materiales: las diligencias para mejor proveer. Cumplen el mismo propósito que los amicus curiae del Derecho anglosajón. Se presenta un doble análisis de este tipo de diligencias: uno relacionado con los principios generales de la teoría general del proceso, y otro con los problemas epistemológicos. Lo que se busca con este estudio es llamar la atención sobre la relevancia que pueden tener estas medidas cuando generan una genuina convicción de los jueces. Se considera que, aun cuando el propio sistema normativo ofrece esta gran herramienta epistemológica a los jueces, la misma es poco utilizada en nuestro país.
Quality of life after repair of iatrogenic bile duct injury of postcholecystectomy Filipino patients
Authors: E Arcilla Crisostomo , Paolo A Zamora Hector , R Perez Anthony
Published: February 2020

Aims: The estimated incidence of bile duct injuries (BDIs) has increased ranging from 0.4% to 0.7% since global recognition of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a standard procedure. Bile duct injuries are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, as well as substantial health care costs, and malpractice litigation claims. This study aims to determine the quality of life (QoL) of Filipino patients after repair of BDIs incurred from their previous laparoscopic or open cholecystectomies.

Methods: A total of 22 patients post-repair of BDIs and 22 age- and sex-matched patients who had unremarkable cholecystectomies from 1997 to 2017 were recruited for this study. The patients were requested to answer a survey on QoL using RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0, a validated survey which includes a multi-item scale that assesses eight health concepts.

Results: Patients with BDIs had lower scores in all domains compared to non-BDI group. Physical functioning and role limitations due to physical health are statistically significant (p values 0.0473 and 0.0025). Conclusion: The effect of BDI is considerable and bears an impact on a patient’s health and well-being. Physical functioning and role limitations due to physical health were identified to be impaired among these patients and these factors should be assessed during long-term follow-up.
Knowledge and Awareness of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lewandowski Miłosz , Lipiński Przemysław , Bednarski Igor , Mik Michał , Dziki Adam
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in men and the second most common in women. The disease constitutes a significant civilization and social problem. The aim of the study is to assess the sudy group's awareness and knowledge about CRC, as well as about its diagnostics and treatment. An online questionaire form was distributed in the study group regarding issues related to CRC, and followed by statistical analysis and interpretation of the obtained survey results. After analysis, we found that a significant percentage of the surveyed sample group had basic knowledge and awareness in the area of CRC, whereas about half of the respondents did not consider themselves sufficiently informed about the disease. Considering the scale of the problem posed by CRC, it is necessary to undertake broader action to promote knowledge about this disease and to carry out this type of research on a larger and more socioeconomically diverse population.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE EMPLOYEES
Authors: SZCZYGIELSKA, PhD Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to present the role of knowledge management in the process
of professional development of the Ministry of National Defence personnel with
regard to contemporary socioeconomic changes. The basic research problem concerns
the use of the knowledge management concept in the management of the process
of professional development of the Ministry of National Defence employees. The
structure of the article covers two basic exploratory issues. The first one refers to
general theoretical tenets of knowledge management in modern armed forces. The
second one concerns the functioning of armed forces in a knowledge economy. Aside
from theory, the paper also looks at the practical aspects of knowledge management
in armed forces. Results from the analysis of the literature and of non-standardised
indirect observation were used during the research process. Face-to-face, free-form
interviews with selected knowledge management specialists were also employed.
The process of drawing conclusions was aided by the opinions of selected officers,
students of postgraduate courses conducted at the War Studies University.
Changing Perspectives on Classification as a Knowledge-Representation Process
Authors: Kwaśnik Barbara H.
Published: February 2020

No matter how immutable a classification may seem, it is, after all, an artifact of the human imagination and functions in a particular place and time. The author describes her personal inquiry into classification as a knowledge-representation process. She traces her changing perspectives on how classifications should be viewed and evaluated by posing the following questions: 1) How does the classification process enable or constrain knowing about something or discovering something we did not already know?; 2) In what ways might we develop classifications that enhance our ability to discover meaningful information in the information stores that form a part of our scholarly as well as our everyday lives?; and 3) How might classifications mask or distort knowledge, and how might they serve to disenfranchise people and ideas? These questions are considered through a discussion of classification structures, personal classification, the link of classification to theory, everyday working classifications, translation of classifications, cognitive aspects, browsing, genres, warrant, and the difficulties of navigating complex ontological commitments. The through thread is the importance of context, because classifications can only be seen with respect to the human endeavors that generate them.
„Wissen ist Macht“ – Nichts wissen macht auch nichts!?
Authors: Klimke-Stripf Bettina , Mornerl Michèle
Published: February 2020

Kommunale Aufsichtsräte sind zur Wahrnehmung ihrer Kontroll- und Beratungsfunktion auf eine angemessene Informationsversorgung seitens der Geschäftsführung angewiesen. Bislang liefert die Aufsichtsratsforschung keine zufriedenstellenden Antworten, wie diese gezielt gesteuert werden kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht daher der Frage nach, inwiefern das Beteiligungsmanagement den Informationsversorgungsprozess im Interesse des Aufsichtsrats unterstützen kann. Hierzu wurden Interviews mit elf städtischen Beteiligungsmanagern geführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das städtische Beteiligungsmanagement verschiedenste Möglichkeiten hat, den Informationsversorgungsprozess der kommunalen Aufsichtsräte rund um die mehrmals jährlich stattfindenden Aufsichtsratssitzungen zu beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen aber auch, dass die Stärke ihrer Einflussnahme z.T. stark variiert.
Overcommitment und Kurzzeitabsentismen
Authors: Fittkau Karl-Heinz , Koch Marten
Published: February 2020

In der vorgelegten Studie wurden Mitarbeiter der Berliner Polizei (N = 502; nicht repräsentativ) zu ihrem affektiven Commitment und zu ihrer Anzahl von Kurzzeitabsentismen in den letzten 12 Monaten befragt. Die Studie ergab: Commitment hat sehr wohl einen Einfluss auf die Anzahl der Kurzzeitabsentismen, aber nicht in dem unterstellten Ausmaß. Wir vermuten ein verstärktes Zurückgreifen auf situationsangemessene Coping-Strategien zur Abwehr von Spill-Over-Effekten.
Die Versicherung von Risiken der Organhaftung in der Unternehmenskrise
Authors: Zehentbauer Tamara
Published: February 2020

In this book, the author deals with issues relating to directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in the event of an insuring company filing for insolvency. As cases of directors’ and officers’ liability are becoming more and more common in legal practice, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance has begun to play an increasingly important role as well. Despite an extensive exploration of this phenomenon, there are still many unanswered questions regarding corporate law, but even more so in the specific situation of a business in crisis. In these special circumstances, corporate law, insurance law and insolvency law issues intertwine. The author examines the areas of law concerned in this respect in terms of their mutual interaction, and resolves contradictions across all the relevant areas of law. She also consistently takes into account practical requirements when considering dogmatic theoretical issues.
Unternehmerisches Ermessen in der Insolvenz
Authors: Kühl Stefan
Published: February 2020

Unternehmerisches Ermessen und dessen Haftungsprivilegierung ist konstitutiv für das Handeln eines Geschäftsleiters. Dies gilt unumstritten außerhalb von Krise und Insolvenz. Auch innerhalb von Krise und Insolvenz müssen die Beteiligten jedoch eine Reihe von unternehmerischen Entscheidungen treffen. Das Insolvenzrecht enthält allerdings keine Regelungen, welche dem Umstand Rechnung tragen, dass solche Entscheidungen stets mit Unsicherheiten verbunden sind. In diesem Werk geht der Autor der Frage nach, ob auch während der Krise oder der Insolvenz Ermessensspielräume für die Beteiligten existieren und wie sich solche auf eine mögliche Haftung auswirken können.
Post 9/11 American Novel: Political Orientations in Representing Arabs
Authors: Altwaiji Mubarak
Published: February 2020

September 11, 2001 has been the most aggressive day in the history of modern America. The physical and psychological damages caused by the attacks left a unique experience of the day in the mind of American writers. Therefore, if literary and political orientations changed after the 9/11, novel's subject matter and themes changed too, because novel is a reflection of its social and political context. This study examines the assumption implicit in the dominant conceptions that novel serves the state's politics in its pursue of interests through representations and misrepresentations of other nations. This study examines how American novel expresses solidarity with the state and its politics, ignoring its imperial and hegemonic attitude towards other nations. Novel has become the most effective genres to represent the feelings of the nation and the concern of the country. Analysis will refer to two novels, Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close and Falling man, which directly deal with the moments of destroying the World Trade Centre and manifestly identify the terrorists, their culture, their religion and their intentions. Tendency to such themes allows American novel to follow the mainstream politics without grappling with the state's ideologies, interests and politics. Discussion will focus on the Foucauldian approach to literature and power and on the implications of using the Foucauldian approach to the study of imperial literature.
Critical Constructivism, Postphenomenology and the Politics of Technology
Authors: Feenberg Andrew ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

Critical constructivism adds a dimension of collective action to postphenomenology. This paper explains the intervention of collective subjects into technological design. That intervention presupposes communication between lay and expert actors which is made possible by the dependence of technical disciplines on the lifeworld. Understanding the public processes of intervention requires a notion of multiple types of rationality and a social account of technological design.
Comparison of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Reducing Depression symptoms and Increasing Happiness of Iranian adolescent Girl Students
Authors: Talaeizadeh Forough
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in reducing depression symptoms and increasing happiness of Iranian adolescent girls in Shiraz-Iran in 2017-2018 educational year. The research method was quasi- Experimental with assessing participants with pre -Test, Post-Test plans and control group. The Statistical population of this study consisted of 45 adolescent girl Students- between 13-17 years old - who were referred to the school’s student counselling centres because of their poor mental well being. They were selected by convenient sampling method and then they were randomly divided into three groups of 15 participants (two experimental groups and one control group). The Depression and Happiness variables were assessed by using Beck’s Depression Inventory (1996) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) respectively.
Commitment Therapy Package was implemented for 8 sessions and Cognitive-Behavioral Package was implemented for 10 sessions for each Experimental groups separately. The Data were analysed by using SPSS24 software and analysis of multivariate covariance (MANCOVA). The results of this study suggested that both ACT and CBT Therapy approach had an acceptable effect on reducing Depression and increasing Happiness in Adolescent girls (p<0.05). However, the ACT had more influence on decreasing depression symptoms (1.56 %) and enhancing happiness (4.4. %) in participants outcomes in comparison with CBT method. Thus, it seems that ACT is a more effective intervention approach in this regard.
ШКОЛА КАО ФАКТОР РИЗИКА И ЗАШТИТНИ ФАКТОР ПОЈАВЕ НАСИЉА
Authors: Лозић Семко
Published: February 2020

Насилништво међу дјецом је врло стара појава. Већина људи има искуства са окрутним задиркивањем или тиранизитањем вршњака, било из својих властитих шлколских дана, било кроз школовање властите дјеце. Школским задиркивањем и понекад окрутним драмама школског дворишта бавили су се углавном учитељи и школски педагози. Мијењањем душтвених норми, мијењало се и схваћање агресивног, насилног и неприхватљивог понашања међу дјецом и вршњацима. Неки стручњаци тврде да се кључни узроци насиља могу наћи у породици, те да је породица управо клица свега. Неки сматрају да би школе трбале више васпитати, а мање образовати, те да морају представљати сигурно окружење за ученике, јер највећи дио свог врмена проведу у школи. Циљ овог рада је прецизан и нимало једноставан, а односи се на што потпуније и цјеловитије упознавање са проблемом насиља у школи као фактору ризика и заштитном фактору појаве насиља. Пажња ће бити усмјерена на подстицање просоцијалног понашања ученика, на програме подстицања просоцијалног понашања са освртом на просоцијално понашање између теорије и праксе, као и примјере неких програма за превенцијунасиља у школи, аи препоруке за бољу праксу у преценцији насиља у школи.
ЗНАЧАЈ ИСТРАЖИВАЧКИХ АКТИВНОСТИ УЧЕНИКА У НАСТАВИ ИНТЕГРИСАНИХ ПРИРОДНИХ НАУКА
Authors: Цвјетићанин Станко
Published: February 2020

Ученици млађег узраста природно су заинтересовани упознавањем свијета око себе. Они у разедној настави садржаје из природних наука уче у интегрисаном облику. Да би правилно разумјели узрочно-посљедичне везе у природи, међусобну зависност природних појава и процеса, терба што самостланије да дођу до знања. То није апсолутно самосталан рад ученика, већ су то истраживачке активности које посредно руководи учитељ. У овом раду се анализира теоријски значај истраживачких активности у настави интегрисаних природних наука, добијен на основу релевантних научних истраживања у овој области. Истраживачке активности ученици остварују извођењем једноставних огледа, прилагођеним њиховим физичким и менталним карактеристикама, као и кроз мини-пројекте. При томе постепено усвајају фазе научног метода, развијају језичке и екперименталне вјештине, као и логичко мишљење. Учитељ треба да буде стручно и методички оспособљен за примјену истраживачког учења. Његова улога се мијења у односу на традиционалну наставу. Он постаје координатор, модератор, тренер, савјетник, помоћник, менаџер конфликата насталих током ученичких истраживачких активности. Приказивање података једноставним листама. табелама и графиконима је неопходно за рјешавање проблема сортирања података и информација.
Postural control of arm and fingers through integration of movement commands
Authors: Albert Scott T , Hadjiosif Alkis M , Jang Jihoon , Zimnik Andrew J , Soteropoulos Demetris S , Baker Stuart N , Churchland Mark M , Krakauer John W , Shadmehr Reza
Published: February 2020

Every movement ends in a period of stillness. Current models assume that commands that hold the limb at a target location do not depend on the commands that moved the limb to that location. Here, we report a surprising relationship between movement and posture in primates: on a within-trial basis, the commands that hold the arm and finger at a target location depend on the mathematical integration of the commands that moved the limb to that location. Following damage to the corticospinal tract, both the move and hold period commands become more variable. However, the hold period commands retain their dependence on the integral of the move period commands. Thus, our data suggest that the postural controller possesses a feedforward module that uses move commands to calculate a component of hold commands. This computation may arise within an unknown subcortical system that integrates cortical commands to stabilize limb posture.
A reevaluation of the basal turtle Indochelys spatulata from the Early–Middle Jurassic (Toarcian–Aalenian) of India, with descriptions of new material
Authors: Joyce Walter G. , Bandyopadhyay Saswati
Published: February 2020

Background

Indochelys spatulata is an extinct turtle from the Early to Middle Jurassic Kota Formation of the Pranhita–Godavari Gondwana basin, India. The holotype and previously only known specimen is a partially eroded shell that had been collected near Kota village, north of Sironcha, in Maharashtra State. Phylogenetic analyses have consistently suggested placement at the base of the clade Mesochelydia.

Methods

We here figure and describe the holotype of Indochelys spatulata and two new specimens, which were collected from the Kota Formation near Kistapur village, Telengana State, about 60 km NW from the type locality. We furthermore explore the relationships of this fossil turtle by updating its scoring based on all available material in the most recent analysis of basal turtle relationships.

Results

The revision of the holotype of Indochelys spatulata provides minor adjustments to the morphology of this specimen, in particular recognition of a transverse break across the carapace, presence of only eight neurals, of which the eight is octagonal, and presence of a pathological element located between neurals VII and VIII. The new material provides new anatomical insights, in particular presence of a broad cervical, a vertebral V that inserts deeply into vertebral IV, narrow pleurals within increasingly short posteromedial contacts with the vertebrals towards the posterior, at least three pairs of musk duct foramina, and numerous insights into the morphology of the girdles and stylopodium. In combination, all material allows affirming the validity of Indochelys spatulata with confidence. The phylogenetic analysis affirms the placement of Indochelys spatulata as a basal mesochelydian, but cannot resolve its relationships relative to the roughly coeval Condorchelys antiqua and Kayentachelys aprix.
Standardized flattening filter free volumetric modulated arc therapy plans based on anteroposterior width for total body irradiation
Authors: Frederick Rebecca , Hudson Alana , Balogh Alex , Cao Jeffrey Q. , Pierce Greg
Published: February 2020

In this work, the feasibility of using flattening filter free (FFF) beams in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) total body irradiation (TBI) treatment planning to decrease protracted beam‐on times for these treatments was investigated. In addition, a methodology was developed to generate standardized VMAT TBI treatment plans based on patient physical dimensions to eliminate plan optimization time. A planning study cohort of 47 TBI patients previously treated with optimized VMAT ARC 6 MV beams was retrospectively examined. These patients were sorted into six categories depending on height and anteroposterior (AP) width at the umbilicus. Using Varian Eclipse, clinical 40 cm × 10 cm open field arcs were substituted with 6 MV FFF. Mid‐plane lateral dose profiles in conjunction with relative arc output factors (RAOF) yielded how far a given multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf must move in order to achieve a mid‐plane 100% isodose for a specific control point. Linear interpolation gave the dynamic MLC aperture for the entire arc for each patient AP width category, which was subsequently applied through Python scripting. All FFF VMAT TBI plans were then evaluated by two radiation oncologists and deemed clinically acceptable. The FFF and clinical VMAT TBI plans had similar Body–5 mm D98% distributions, but overall the FFF plans had statistically significantly increased or broader Body–5 mm D2% and mean lung dose distributions. These differences are not considered clinically significant. Median beam‐on times for the FFF and clinical VMAT TBI plans were 11.07 and 18.06 min, respectively, and planning time for the FFF VMAT TBI plans was reduced by 34.1 min. In conclusion, use of FFF beams in VMAT TBI treatment planning resulted in dose homogeneity similar to our current VMAT TBI technique. Clinical dosimetric criteria were achieved for a majority of patients while planning and calculated beam‐on times were reduced, offering the possibility of improved patient experience.
Approximation‐based adaptive fault compensation backstepping control of fractional‐order nonlinear systems: An output‐feedback scheme
Authors: Naderolasli Amir , Hashemi Mahnaz , Shojaei Khoshnam
Published: February 2020

An observer‐based adaptive fuzzy backstepping approach is proposed for nonlinear systems with respect to fractional‐order differential equations, unmatched uncertainties, unmeasured states, and actuator faults. The approximation capability of fuzzy logic system and minimal learning parameter approaches are applied to identify uncertain functions in a simultaneous manner. For estimating the unavailable conditions, a fuzzy fractional‐order state‐observer is extended. Applying fault‐tolerant approach in a backstepping design methodology would provide a new fault‐tolerant adaptive fuzzy output‐feedback approach for fractional‐order strict‐feedback systems. This control structure would assure the considered system stability through selection of the appropriate Lyapunov candidate function. Two numerical simulations are run to exhibit the validity herein.
High‐Throughput Screening of Cell Transfection Enhancers Using Miniaturized Droplet Microarrays
Authors: Liu Yanxi , Tronser Tina , Peravali Ravindra , Reischl Markus , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: February 2020

DNA delivery is a powerful research tool for biological research and clinical therapies. However, many nonviral transfection reagents have relatively low transfection efficiency. It is hypothesized that by treating cells with small molecules, the transfection efficiency can be improved. However, in order to identify such transfection‐enhancing molecules, thousands of molecules must be tested. Current high‐throughput screening (HTS) technologies based on microtiter plates are not suitable for such screenings due to the prohibitively high costs of reagents and operation. Here, the use of the droplet microarray (DMA) platform to screen 774 FDA‐approved drugs with CHO‐K1, Jurkat and HEK293T cells is reported. The volume of individual aqueous compartments is 20 nL, requiring 0.84 mL of cell suspension and 200 pmoles of each drug (total 0.02 moles) to perform the screening. Thus, the requirement for cells and reagents is 2500 times less than that for the same experiment performed in 384‐well plates. The results reveal the potential of the DMA platform as a more cost‐effective and less labor‐intensive approach to HTS. Furthermore, an increase (approximately two‐ to fivefold) in transfection efficiency is achieved by treating cells with some molecules. This study clearly demonstrates the potential of the DMA platform for miniaturization of biochemical and cellular HTS.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus comadulensis leaves extract and its immobilization on magnetic nanocomposite (GO‐Fe3O4/PAA/Ag) as a recoverable catalyst for degradation of organic dyes in water
Authors: Esmaili Neda , Mohammadi Pourya , Abbaszadeh Mehdi , Sheibani Hassan
Published: February 2020

The magnetically recyclable graphene oxide‐Fe3O4/polyallylamine (PAA)/Ag nanocatalyst was prepared via a green route using Eucalyptus comadulensis leaves extract as both reducing and stabilizing agent. The catalytic activity of this nanocatalyst was investigated for the reduction reaction of methylene blue and methyl orange in the presence of NaBH4 in aqueous medium at room temperature. The prepared nanocatalyst was characterized by different methods such as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The results show that graphene oxide/PAA/Ag nanocatalyst has good activity and recyclability, and can be reused several times without major loss of activity in the reduction process. The apparent rate constants of the methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) were calculated to be 0.077 s−1 (3 mg of catalyst) and 0.15 s−1 (2 mg of catalyst), respectively.
Highly selective hydrogenation of acetophenone over supported amorphous alloy catalyst
Authors: Lv Zhiguo , Wang Jiaomei , Zhang Shuying , Wang Bing , Guo Zhenmei , Zhang Chao
Published: February 2020

Alpha‐phenylethanol (PE) is an essential chemical in the field of medicine and synthetic perfumery. Therefore, in this work, we used a supported Ni–B–P amorphous alloy catalyst (Ni–B–P/SiO2) in the hydrogenation of acetophenone (AP) to α‐PE, which demonstrated excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, compared with Ni–B/SiO2 (KBH4 reduction of nickel salt). Ni–B–P/SiO2 exhibited a high AP hydrogenation conversion of approximately 99%, whereas the PE selectivity reached up to 94%, which is approximately 1.4‐fold higher than that of Ni–B/SiO2 (about 69%), thereby directly proving the unique inhibition of AP hydrogenation over hydrogenation of P in the Ni–B catalytic system. The doped P in Ni–B–P/SiO2 enhances the oxidation resistance and maintains the valence stability of Ni and B. Furthermore, sufficient experimental data were collected to determine the kinetic parameters. Based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, we assumed that (i) AP and H2 compete for adsorption on Ni–B–P/SiO2; (ii) AP has strong adsorptive capacity on Ni–B–P/SiO2; and (iii) PE coverage on the catalyst was negligible. Then, the dynamic equation was derived, which indicated that experimental data agree well with the dynamic model. Finally, the activation energy was confirmed to be 50.73 KJ/mol. This report will open up an avenue for the industrialization of amorphous alloy catalysts.
Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite@polydopamine composite nanofibers for tissue engineering
Authors: Hu Shengyu , Wu Jiahui , Cui Zhixiang , Si Junhui , Wang Qianting , Peng Xiangfang
Published: February 2020

Electrospun nanofibers have attracted tremendous attention because of their similar structure with extracellular matrix. In this work, the polydopamine (PDA) coating layer was first applied to modify hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and obtain functional HA@PDA nanoparticles. Subsequently, the polylactic acid (PLA)/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning. The hydrophilicity and water absorption of PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were larger than those of PLA and PLA/HA composite nanofibers. The thermal stability, static and dynamic mechanical properties of PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers significantly increased because the PDA coating layer on the surface of the HA nanoparticles acted like a glue‐like transition layer, which led to an increase in interfacial adhesion between HA@PDA nanoparticles and the PLA matrix. The attachment and viability of mouse embryonic osteoblast cells (MC3T3‐E1) cultured on the PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers were significantly increased compared with those cultured on the PLA and PLA/HA composite nanofibers. These results suggested that the PLA/HA@PDA composite nanofibers have superior mechanical and biological properties, which makes it potentially useful for tissue engineering scaffolds.
Ductile/brittle PA6/PS system: Effect of carbon nanoplatelets‐modified interface on performance
Authors: Kelnar Ivan , Zhigunov Alexander , Kaprálková Ludmila , Fortelný Ivan , Krejčíková Sabina , Dybal Jiří , Janata Miroslav , Brus Jiří , Kobera Libor , Štengl Václav
Published: February 2020

Addition of rigid PS to ductile PA6 can lead to higher toughness provided plastic deformation of PS is achieved. The current study deals with upgrading of this system by graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and GO with grafted polystyrene (GO‐g‐PS). Low amount of these carbon nanoplatelets can enhance performance of the PA/PS 90/10 system with the best‐balanced properties achieved with GO‐g‐PS by unique combination of reinforcement with the favorable effect of the GO‐g‐PS‐modified interface on plastic deformation of the PS phase causing higher impact resistance. Simultaneous linking of PA chains and hydrogen bonding causes “anchoring” of PS inclusions in the PA6 phase. This results in support of hydrostatic pressure evolution during loading and thus extensive yielding of PS. Another positive effect is reduction of pullout of in situ formed fibrous inclusions, which is different from rigid short‐fiber composites. The study highlights high potential of GO modified with polymer chains to upgrade polymer systems via tailoring the interface.
Use of genetic markers to identify the illegal trade of billfish in the second largest fishing warehouse of Latin America
Authors: Rodrigues Júnior Carlos Egberto , Daniel Sandro Natal , Martins Diego Galetti , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo , Foresti Fausto , Porto‐Foresti Fabio
Published: February 2020

Billfish are oceanic pelagic species that are often caught by tuna fleets and are of great interest for sport fishing. Two species of billfish have specific legislation prohibiting their marketing and export in Brazil.

DNA barcoding is a universal system of molecular identification based on a sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), which serves as a diagnostic genomic marker in each species.

The barcode DNA technique was used to identify billfish marketed in the second largest fishing warehouse in Latin America, the CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo), located in São Paulo, Brazil. Seventy‐nine samples of billfish were collected during three inspection visits carried out by Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis.

After DNA sequencing, 70 samples (88.60%) were identified to the species level; 21 (30.00%) were identified as Xiphias gladius, 43 (61.42%) as Istiophorus platypterus and six (8.57%) as Kajikia albida. The sale of this latter species is prohibited in Brazil and it is considered Vulnerable on the list of endangered species of the IUCN and in the official list of species of endangered Fauna – Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates.

Molecular analyses proved to be very efficient at uncovering irregularities in the identification of the white marlin (K. albida), which was traded illegally in CEAGESP, demonstrating the ineffectiveness of the current monitoring techniques used and emphasizing the need for the adoption of better public policies for the conservation of the species.
Increased membrane permeation and blood concentration of 6‐carboxyfluorescein associated with dysfunction of paracellular route barrier in the small intestine of ulcerative colitis model rats
Authors: Kumagai Maho , Ishii Makoto , Morimoto Kaori , Tomita Mikio
Published: February 2020

In the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), decreased function of the paracellular barrier, especially hypofunction of the tight junction, is associated with pathological conditions. However, there has been no report to date on the function of tight junctions in the small intestine. Here, we focused on the barrier function of the small intestine, especially in tight junctions, and compared it with that of the colon. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce ulcerative colitis in rats in order to evaluate the function of the paracellular barrier in the jejunum, ileum, and colon. An in vitro diffusion chamber method was used to evaluate membrane resistance, which is an index of tight junction function and mucosal permeability, using 6‐carboxyfluorescein (6‐CF), a paracellular marker. In the jejunum and colon, with decrease of membrane resistance in the DSS group, mucosal permeability increased, whereas no marked difference was observed in the ileum. In the in situ closed‐loop method, absorption of 6‐CF from the jejunum was higher than that from the ileum. Immunohistochemical staining of claudin‐4 showed heterogeneous attenuation of claudin‐4 in the jejunum. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the blood concentration after intravenous injection and oral administration of 6‐CF. In the DSS group, there was a delay in the elimination phase, suggesting a decrease in renal function, and an increase in maximum blood concentration, associated with an increased absorption rate constant. The increased absorption and decreased renal function due to decreased paracellular barrier function in the small intestine and colon may cause fluctuations in drug efficacy and side effects.
Validation of the Bangla version of Beck Depression Inventory‐II
Authors: Mostafa Alim Sheikh Md. Abu Hena , Ahmed Md. Nazir , Mullick Mohammad S. I. , Chowdhury Nafia Farzana , Akhter Farzana , Alam Md. Shamsul
Published: February 2020

Background

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II) is a widely used valid instrument to assess the severity of depression in clinical and normal settings. To meet the necessity of a standard scale for measuring depression among above 265 million Bangla speaking population around the world, this scale was translated and validated.

Methods

Two translations of BDI‐II into Bangla were prepared, and then, two back translations were done by medical and language experts in parallel. Thereafter, sentence revision followed by pretest on 20 respondents was done to finalize the Bangla version of BDI‐II (BDI‐II BV). Afterward, a cross‐sectional, comparative, and descriptive study was conducted to validate the scale by purposive sampling technique consisting of 111 persons (both clinical and normal) in three tertiary‐level hospitals in Bangladesh. Everyone was given to fill up BDI‐II BV at first. Then, they were given to fill up BDI‐II BV (n = 49), Bangla version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21‐item (DASS21‐BV, n = 47) and BDI‐II (n = 25) 3–7 days later. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was made according to DSM‐5. Correlation study and factor analysis were completed.

Results

The mean age was 28.83(±8.70) years. The male–female ratio was 1:0.82. Correlation of scores for BDI‐II BV with the DASS21‐BV depression subscale was .920; BDI‐II BV with BDI‐II was .985 (Cronbach's α .993; t test not significant) and BDI‐II BV applied first and the second time was .960 (Cronbach's α .979; z test not significant). The interitem correlation for all the items was found highly significant (p < .01). Patients having depressive disorder or episodes had significantly higher BDI‐II BV scores than normal (M + SD 30.18 + 10.127 than 8.34 + 5.910; p < .001). Partial confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated two‐factor loading comprising Cognitive and Somatic‐affective symptoms.

Conclusions

Through the translation and validation process, a validated Bangla version of BDI‐II was produced to measure depression and its severity among the Bengali population.
Dewatering of algal suspension using microfiltration with cross flow in the presence of magnetite as a filter aid
Authors: Kitani Hidemi , Demura Mikihide , Morisada Shintaro , Ohto Keisuke , Kawakita Hidetaka
Published: February 2020

Dewatering algal suspensions is an important step in the extraction of oil and other useful substances from algae. In this study, sphericalNannochloropsissp. and ellipsoidalMonoraphidiumsp. suspensions were dewatered in the presence of different amounts of 350‐nm magnetite particles using a microfiltration membrane with 360‐nm pores in cross‐flow mode. Magnetite functions as a filter aid by reducing the deformation of the cake of filtered algae on the membrane and providing paths for water to flow through the filtration cake of algae. In the case ofNannochloropsissp., the highest dewatering rate was obtained when the number ratio, defined based on the size and ideal density, betweenNannochloropsissp. and magnetite was 1:12.5, but the addition of magnetite had no observable effect on the filtration of ellipsoidalMonoraphidiumsp. suspensions through the membrane. After dewatering, magnetite was effectively separated from the concentrated algal suspension by the application of a magnetic field in an open flow system. Magnetite has the potential to enhance dewatering performance using a cross‐flow membrane system.
Vier Themen, die im Maschinenbau im Jahr 2020 wichtig werden
Authors: Selke Stefan
Published: February 2020

Stefan Selke, Segment Manager Maschinenbau bei Eaton, zeigt vier Themenfelder auf, die im Jahr 2020 den Maschinenbau besonders prägen werden.
Fachmessen‐Kompetenz im Doppelpack
Authors: Kastens Jasmin
Published: February 2020

Zum 10. Auftritt präsentiert sich die Fachmesse Solids, ehemals Schüttgut, wieder gemeinsam mit der Recycling‐Technik vom 1. ‐ 2. April 2020 in Dortmund.
Edelstahl‐Luftfilter
Authors: Kromberg Daniel
Published: February 2020

Betreibern von offenen Kühlwassersystemen, Luftkühlern und Kälteerzeugern helfen Filter aus Edelstahl bei Verunreinigung durch Pollen, Staub, Fasern, Laub oder Insekten.
Hydraulikfilter zuverlässig überwachen
Authors: Wilbertz Gina
Published: February 2020

So spät wie möglich, so früh wie nötig: Das ist, auf den Punkt gebracht, die Formel für den optimalen Zeitpunkt des Austauschs von Filterelementen in den Hoch‐ und Mitteldruckfiltern von Hydraulikanlagen. Tauscht der Anwender das Element zu früh aus, verursacht er unnötige Instandhaltungskosten und verschwendet zudem Ressourcen. Wartet er zu lange, muss er mit Leistungseinbußen im Hydraulikkreislauf rechnen, weil der Differenzdruck im Filter auf ein Niveau ansteigt, das die Gesamtperformance des Systems negativ beeinträchtigt. Schlimmstenfalls büßt der Filter seine Leistung vollständig ein, was die Funktion einzelner Komponenten gefährden und zum kostenintensiven Stillstand des gesamten Systems führen kann.
Hermetisch dichte Konstruktion
Authors: Johl Hans‐Joachim
Published: February 2020

Bislang wurden in der Lebensmittelindustrie vorzugsweise Kolbenpumpen zur Hochdruckhomogenisation eingesetzt. Eine Alternative stellen Prozessmembranpumpen dar: Sie verfügen über einen hermetisch dichten Arbeitsraum, der über die Membran von Hydraulikraum und Prozessumgebung hermetisch abgetrennt ist. Dies verhindert eine Fluidraumverunreinigung nach innen und schließt somit eine Kontamination des Prozessraumes aus.
Submicrospherical and Porous Bi2S3 Protected by Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Practical Anode Fabrication of Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Zhang , Shao Jie , Wang Wei , Huang Weibo , Long Fu , Qu Qunting , Zheng Honghe
Published: February 2020

Research on alloy‐type anode materials with micro/submicrospherical morphology is of great significance for the development of high energy‐density Li‐ion batteries. A facile and cost‐effective route is adopted to prepare homogeneous submicrospherical and porous Bi2S3@nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) nanocomposites, which exhibit considerably better Li‐storage performance than pure Bi2S3 and Bi2O3 submicrospheres. Analyses on the electrochemical behavior and morphology of the electrode show that the good performance of Bi2S3@NC can be correlated with its stable submicrospherical structure and decreased charge‐transfer resistance, for which the NC coating layer and porous interior of Bi2S3 are supposed to be the two main contributors. The submicrospherical structure and facile synthesis of Bi2S3@NC will be very suitable for practical electrode fabrication technology of Li‐ion batteries.
An adaptive replica placement approach for distributed key‐value stores
Authors: Costa Filho José S. , Cavalcante Denis M. , Moreira Leonardo O. , Machado Javam C.
Published: February 2020

The use of distributed key‐value stores (KVS) has experienced fast adoption by various applications in recent years due to key advantages such as hypertext transfer protocol‐based RESTful application programming interface, high availability and elasticity. Due to great scalability characteristics, KVS systems commonly use consistent hashing as data placement mechanism. Although KVS systems offer many advantages, they were not designed to dynamically adapt to changing workloads which often include data access skew. Furthermore, the underlying physical storage nodes may be heterogeneous and do not expose their performance capabilities to higher level data placement layers. In this paper, we address those issues and propose an essential step toward a dynamic autonomous solution by leveraging deep reinforcement learning. We design a self‐learning approach that incrementally changes the data placement, improving the load balancing. Our approach is dynamic in the sense that is capable of avoiding hot spots, that is, overloaded storage nodes when facing different workloads. Also, we design our solution to be pluggable. It assumes no previous knowledge of the storage nodes capabilities, thus different KVS deployments may make use of it. Our experiments show that our method performs well on changing workloads including data access skew aspects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through experiments in a distributed KVS deployment.
Comparison of SOLPS5.0 and SOLPS‐ITER simulations for ASDEX upgrade L‐mode
Authors: Wu H. , Subba F. , Wischmeier M. , Zanino R. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2020

This paper examines the backward compatibility of SOLPS‐ITER with SOLPS5.0 and produces a basic test of the physics/numerics improvements/additions in SOLPS‐ITER recommended by developers, taking an ASDEX Upgrade L‐mode simulation as an example. SOLPS‐ITER, which is emerging as the most advanced tool for edge plasma modelling, can be instructed to mimic SOLPS5.0 physics/numerics. This allows producing a detailed comparison of the two codes, in a framework where they are expected to produce the similar results, thus raising the confidence in using SOLPS‐ITER to continue SOLPS5.0 simulations. Under such framework, SOLPS‐ITER results match well with those of SOLPS5.0. The remaining differences might be from the ion energy source, and a full benchmark activity is expected to solve this in the future. We then test the effect of the recommended physics/numerics introduced in SOLPS‐ITER with respect to the widely used SOLPS5.0. Only deuterium shots are considered as the basic test, where the recommended physics/numerics are simple and expected not to change the simulation results significantly. Electron density and temperature on divertor targets are the key metrics in this study, instead of particle fluxes and power load. Numerical simulations show that the effect of the recommended physics/numerics on the final solution results in only ∼5% differences in the outer mid‐plane and target profiles of electron density and temperature. An upstream density scan, covering the full range from attached to detached conditions, also produces closely matching results (∼10% differences). Thus, we believe that recommended physics/numerics do not introduce unwanted spurious effects and are confident about future modelling results of SOLPS‐ITER.
Analyse von Spannungen und Verformungen im Brüstungsbereich von Wandmodellen aus Porenbeton und Kalksandstein
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz
Published: February 2020

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wurden Ergebnisse der Prüfungen von großformatigen Wandmodellen mit zwei Fensteröffnungen dargestellt. Wände aus Porenbeton und Kalksandstein wurden getestet. Die Wände wurden unter Verwendung von Dünnbettmörtel bei unvermörtelten Stoßfugen errichtet. Die Arbeit entspricht den zuvor durchgeführten Tests. Die Verifikation der Ergebnisse aus der Untersuchung kleinerer Modelle war das Ziel der Forschung [12, 13]. Spannungen und Verformungen der Modelle wurden analysiert und mit kleineren Modellen verglichen. Aufgrund der Analyse der Spannung‐Verformung‐Diagramme wurde ermittelt, dass die horizontale Spannung im Brüstungsbereich circa 0,2 MPa beträgt. Es wurden Berechnungen der geprüften Wände unter Anwendung eines Programms vorgenommen, das auf der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode basiert. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse von Laborprüfungen und numerischen Simulationen ermöglichte, das Niveau von Spannungen und Verformungen der geprüften Wände zu ermitteln.