bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid determination of 54 dye components in hair dyes by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Jing , Xue Gao-Xu , Gong Xu , Zhang Zai-Ping , Xu Jie , Chen Lei , Cao Ling , Feng You-Long , Zhang Yun-Jing
Published: September 2024

Our LC-HRMS method enabled analysis of 54 dye components in hair dye samples, outperforming the standard method in speed, stability, accuracy, isomer separation, sensitivities, and resolution of filtration adsorption.
Bispecific FpFs: a versatile tool for preclinical antibody development
Authors: Collins Matthew , Ibeanu Nkiru , Grabowska Wiktoria Roksana , Awwad Sahar , Khaw Peng T. , Brocchini Steve , Khalili Hanieh
Published: September 2024

We previously described FpFs 1̲ (Fab–PEG–Fab) as binding mimetics of IgGs.
Organo tin precursors for synthesis of zeolite Sn-Beta for alcohol ring opening of epoxides
Authors: Spanos Alexander P. , Ford Leah , Guo Jiawei , Burrows Ryan , Kulkarni Ambarish R. , Brunelli Nicholas A.
Published: September 2024

Alkyl tin precursors tune the local structure around the catalytic site in Lewis acid zeolite Sn-Beta, affecting catalytic activity.
De-templated crystallization in 2D perovskites for enhanced photovoltaic efficiency
Authors: Zeng Fang , Su Zhenhuang , Kong Weiyu , Li Feng , Liang Yuhang , Zhang Xingmo , Wang Tao , Zhang Lin , Lvtao Yuze , Liu Runkai , Gao Xingyu , Huang Jun , Yang Xudong , Zheng Rongkun
Published: September 2024

A de-templated crystallization strategy using a stable intermediate to promote out-of-plane crystallization of layered 2D perovskites was proposed, in favor of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
How metal/support interaction improved degradation performance in the peroxymonosulfate activation process: significance of high-valent cobalt-oxo species
Authors: Fan Xing , Zhang Wei , Yan Huchuan , Lai Cui , Ma Dengsheng , Liu Shiyu , Zhang Mingming , Li Ling , Zhou Xuerong , Huo Xiuqin , Xu Fuhang , Hu Xiaorui , Wang Biting , Sun Hao , He Wuqiang
Published: September 2024

10-CFS exhibited outstanding PMS activation ability, 98.7% of CIP was degraded within 30 min. The result demonstrated that the presence of Co(iv)O caused the better degradation performance of 10-CFS.
Along the gut-bone marrow signaling pathway: use of longan polysaccharides to regenerate blood cells after chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression
Authors: Zeng Shiai , Gao Lan , Wang Kai , Liu Xuwei , Hu Zhuoyan , Zhao Lei
Published: September 2024

TLPL promoted the production of Lactobacillus in myelosuppressed mice, and promoted the haematopoiesis of bone marrow cells via the gut-bone marrow axis.
Discovery of a nasal spray steroid, tixocortol, as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication
Authors: Davis David A. , Nair Ashwin , Astter Yana , Treco Emma , Peyser Brian , Gussio Rick , Nguyen Tam , Eaton Brett , Postnikova Elena , Murphy Michael , Shrestha Prabha , Bulut Haydar , Hattorri Shin-Ichiro , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Yarchoan Robert
Published: September 2024

Tixocortol, the active component in a nasal spray, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication. This highlights its potential for use in preventing and/or treating SARS-CoV-2 infections.
New anti-ovarian cancer quinolone derivatives acting by modulating microRNA processing machinery
Authors: Felicetti Tommaso , Di Iacovo Nicola , Della Fazia Maria Agnese , Piobbico Danilo , Pieroni Stefania , Pacetti Martina , Yu Jialing , Sun Yilun , Massari Serena , Barreca Maria Letizia , Sabatini Stefano , Tabarrini Oriana , Cecchetti Violetta , Wang Fei , Pommier Yves , Morlando Mariangela , Servillo Giuseppe , Manfroni Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

From a quinolone library and subsequent medicinal chemistry optimization, we identified the fluoroquinolone 33, which demonstrated anti-ovarian cancer activity through a mechanism involving TRBP and resulting in the modulation of miRNA maturation.
Expression of concern: Palladium NPs supported on novel imino-pyridine-functionalized MWCNTs: efficient and highly reusable catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Karimi-Nami Rahman , Veisi Hojat
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Palladium NPs supported on novel imino-pyridine-functionalized MWCNTs: efficient and highly reusable catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions’ by Mehdi Adib et al., New J. Chem., 2016, 40, 4945–4951, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NJ02842F.
Investigation of electrocatalysis for tiered-tower micro-electro-mechanical-system-based biosensors: application in the early detection of the thrombosis factor trimethylamine N-oxide
Authors: Lin Wei-Cheng , Chou Shang-Chun , Yen Wei-Lun , Hsieh Yun-Yu , Hsieh Chun-Ting
Published: September 2024

The proposed tiered-tower biosensor array, designed using a MEMS process compatible with CMOS frontend technology, aims to detect and enable the early prevention of thrombosis by targeting the biomarker trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).
Elucidating the local structure of Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 and Li3AlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.3) via total scattering
Authors: Chambers Matthew S. , Liu Jue , Borkiewicz Olaf J. , Llopart Kevin , Sacci Robert L. , Veith Gabriel M.
Published: September 2024

We have used a combination of X-ray and neutron total scattering in order to elucidate the local structure of the Li-ion conductor family Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 and Li3AlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.3), revealing it structure–property relationships.
Novel dithioamide extractant for highly selective separation of Pd from acidic leach liquors of waste auto-catalysts
Authors: Li Fan , Wang Junlian , Liu Lu , Zhu Yangge , Li Yong
Published: September 2024

A novel extractant has been synthesized which can efficiently extract Pd from the leaching liquors of waste auto-catalysts.
Boosting photothermal conversion through array aggregation of metalloporphyrins in bismuth-based coordination frameworks
Authors: He Liang , He Jing , Chen Er-Xia , Lin Qipu
Published: September 2024

A novel bismuth carboxyl metal–organic framework (MOF) with 1D metalloporphyrin aggregates and CoII-based metalloradicals demonstrates exceptional photothermal efficiency.
Flexible organic crystals with multi-stimuli-responsive CPL for broadband multicolor optical waveguides
Authors: Pan Xiuhong , Lan Linfeng , Zhang Hongyu
Published: September 2024

Flexible organic crystals based on single-component enantiomeric organic compounds exhibit significant elasticity, responsiveness to light and acid vapors, as well as tunable optical waveguides and circularly polarized light signals.
Direct conversion of esters to imines/enamines and applications to polyester waste upcycling
Authors: Kehner Rebecca A. , Huang Weiheng , Bayeh-Romero Liela
Published: September 2024

The direct conversion of esters to imines or enamines is achieved using zirconocene hydride (ZrH) catalysis. This transformation occurs through an amine-interrupted reduction, bypassing traditional pathways leading to alcohol products.
Flexible piezoelectric materials and strain sensors for wearable electronics and artificial intelligence applications
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Zhang Xiaohong , Lu Chao
Published: September 2024

This review covers the recent advances in flexible piezoelectric materials, which show great potential for strain sensors in wearable electronics and artificial intelligence, focusing on microstructure engineering and fabrication techniques.
Utilization of green resource-based Mimosa pudica hydrogel powder in a cellulose acetate-based polymeric membrane as absorbent: a sustainable approach towards female hygiene application
Authors: Pattanayak Roshni , Pradhan Sukanya , Mohanty Smita
Published: September 2024

This research explores the potential of incorporating Mimosa pudica hydrogel powder into a modified cellulose acetate membrane, enhancing its properties as an absorbent material for female hygiene applications.
Chemically recyclable and reprogrammable epoxy thermosets derived from renewable resources
Authors: Türel Tankut , Dağlar Özgün , Pantazidis Christos , Tomović Željko
Published: September 2024

Bio-based epoxy networks were synthesized using a vanillin-based epoxy monomer and bio-derived diamines. These networks were recycled using both acidic depolymerization and transimination methods. Reprogramming was achieved using different amines.
DFT screening of dual-atom catalysts on carbon nanotubes for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction: comparing dissociative and associative mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Xiangyi , Tamtaji Mohsen , Zhou Weijun , Goddard III William A. , Chen GuanHua
Published: September 2024

Compared with associative mechanism, dual-atom catalysts under different surface curvature conditions show enhanced activity for oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in dissociative mechanism.
Improved high-voltage cycling stability of single-crystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode by tantalum doping
Authors: Cao Bokai , Fang Hai-Tao , Li De , Chen Yong
Published: September 2024

Ta doping refines particles and ameliorates the side reaction between cathode and electrolyte. The optimal Ta-doped LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 delivers a high capacity retention of 88.2% and a superior energy retention of 86.3% after 200 cycles.
Nanocrystalline cellulose-based mixed ionic–electronic conductor for bioelectronics
Authors: Matura Katharina , D’Orsi Rosarita , Spagnuolo Laura , Mayr Felix , Cobet Munise , Putz Christoph , Operamolla Alessandra , Tekoglu Serpil
Published: September 2024

A mixed ionic–electronic conductor (MIEC) comprising sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (S-CNCs) as nanotemplate is investigated in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with remarkable channel current and high transconductance values.
Intensive aquaculture affects lake's trophic status and aquatic floral diversity
Authors: Dubey Divya , Toppo Kiran , Kumar Saroj , Dutta Venkatesh
Published: September 2024

This study aims to assess the impact of intensive aquaculture on a lake that has experienced significant anthropogenic impacts.
Multi‐objective energy management system for multi‐microgrids using blockchain miners: A two‐stage peak shaving and valley filling framework
Authors: Rezaei Payman , Golkar Masoud AliAkbar
Published: September 2024

This study presents an innovative energy management framework for multi‐microgrids, integrating the burgeoning domain of cryptocurrency mining. Cryptocurrencies, a novel fusion of encryption technology and financial currency, are witnessing exponential global growth. This expansion correlates with a surge in the prevalence of mining activities, amplifying electricity consumption and necessitating accelerated advancements in urban transmission and distribution infrastructures, coupled with increased financial investments. Despite cryptocurrencies' growth, comprehensive research to capitalize on their potential is scarce. This article introduces an operation cost model for miners in the proposed dual‐stage framework. The first stage is dedicated to day‐ahead scheduling, focusing on peak shaving and valley filling in the electricity demand curve, while concurrently optimizing operational costs. The second stage, updating each 5 min, minimizes imbalances in response to uncertain network conditions. A pivotal feature of this framework is the allocation of revenues generated from mining operations towards enhancing renewable energy resources. Empirical simulations underscore the framework's efficacy, evidenced by a substantial peak shaving of 482.833 kW and valley filling of 4084.42 kW. Furthermore, this approach effectively maintains operational costs within a feasible spectrum. Notably, the demand curve's peak‐to‐valley distance extends to 4 MW, with the revenue from mining activities alone sufficient to offset operational expenditures.
A hierarchical design of complex interactive interface with multi‐perception channels for a helmet‐mounted display system of vehicle
Authors: Fan Miaomiao , Yang Jianming , Sun Bowen , Shi Yanjun
Published: September 2024

To expedite the modernisation of equipment construction and address practical challenges, such as low efficiency in armoured vehicle passenger information retrieval, diverse perception channels, and inadequate combat effectiveness in traditional vehicle‐integrated electronic information systems, the authors aim to transition to a helmet‐mounted display system (HMD). On the basis of the target mission stage of military vehicles, the authors have organised the required information items for the vehicle HMD, integrated the hierarchical relationships of interaction interface design elements, and formulated design strategies using the Garrett user experience element model. We have constructed a vehicle HMD interaction interface design model and conducted comparative experiments with typical vehicle electronic display system interfaces. The usability of the model has been verified through eye‐tracking experiments and reaction time analysis. Experimental data indicates that the vehicle HMD interactive interface system, guided by the user experience element model, effectively enhances operational performance for passengers, demonstrating superior recognition, search ability, comprehensibility, and rationality. In conclusion, the vehicle HMD interaction interface design model, guided by the user experience element model, meets the requirements of vehicle HMD interaction interface design. It validates the effectiveness and feasibility of transitioning from a traditional vehicle‐integrated electronic information system to a vehicle HMD, providing technical support for enhancing display efficiency in future prototype platforms on the prototype platform digital warfare.
Development	strategies	for	sustainable	halal tourism village in West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ahman Eeng , Utami Suci Aprilliani , Rohmana Yana , Ismail Shafinar
Published: September 2024

This research aims to identify the factors influencing the development of sustainable halal tourism villages in West Java Province, including opportunities, strengths, weaknesses, and threats. It seeks to design appropriate strategies for the development of tourism attractions based on local conditions and prioritize these strategies for implementation in tourism development. Using a comprehensive approach, integrating survey techniques and direct engagement with local administrators to understand contextual circumstances in the Districts/Cities of West Java Province are the methodology of this research. It incorporates perspectives from scholars and academics, facilitating a detailed comparison of theoretical constructs with empirical realities. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Squares (PLS) is employed to analyze the relationships among variables, allowing for a systematic exploration of strategic concerns identified through a SWOT analysis. After identifying West Java’s tourism potential and conducting a SWOT analysis to evaluate internal and external factors influencing development, active engagement of the local community emerges as crucial. Recommendations include infrastructure planning for accessibility and facilities, tailored marketing strategies, and emphasis on environmental conservation and collaborative efforts among government, private sector, and community for sustainable halal tourism village development.
Green human resource management in Sustainable University: Systematic literature review
Authors: Ciptomulyono Udisubakti , Fazlurrahman Hujjatullah , Akbar Reza Aulia , Nareswari Ninditya
Published: September 2024

The concept of environmentally friendly human resource management (GHRM) within the university corporate sector has emerged as a contemporary and intriguing research topic. The push to develop research in sustainability management is ongoing, focusing on raising awareness about the importance of adopting environmentally friendly practices in university corporate services. This research aims to explore the developments in GHRM research over the past five years and to map out future research opportunities in university human resource management using a systematic literature review approach. The literature review findings indicate a positive correlation between GHRM practices and proenvironmental behavior among university employees, mainly when supported by GHRM training and education programs. However, there still needs to be more research that presents opportunities for future exploration. This study contributes to the theoretical framework of sustainability and human resource management.
Global trend of STEM Education for the SDGs of the last decade: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Jakfar Muhammad , Deta Utama Alan , Lestari Nurita Apridiana , Khaleyla Firas , Saputri Ratih Dewi , Arrosyidi Achmad
Published: September 2024

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) can help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by fostering the development of 21st-century skills. It sparked a significant advancement in research on science education within the STEM field. This research intends to explore trends in STEM education for the SDGs by conducting a bibliometric analysis using the extensive Scopus databases. A total of 58 papers were reviewed from Scopus databases. A descriptive study method was employed to analyze the data. This study found that the number of STEM education and SDGs programs has increased over the past decade (2013-2023). The most prolific authors according to Scopus are seven authors. Over the past decade, Sustainability Switzerland has been the most significant source of documents on STEM education and SDGs. The VosViewer showcases six clusters associated with STEM Education and SDGs: Sustainable development goal, engineering education, science technology, quality education, stem education, and physics.
Wild sympatric rodents inhabiting pig farm environments may facilitate the spillover of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from pig farms
Authors: Shan Fa , Meng Qingda , Wang Fang , Zhao Jinfeng , Xu Huiyan , Wang Nanhao , Liu Yufeng , Zhang Sumei , Zhao Guanghui , Zhang Longxian
Published: September 2024

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic pathogen prevalent in mammalian and avian hosts across the globe. Wild small mammals, being abundant worldwide, serve as important sources of zoonotic disease transmission to humans. Here, 227 fecal samples were collected from five rodent and shrew species on 34 pig farms in China to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi. The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was 17.18% (39/227), with a distribution of 23.53% (32/136) in Rattus tanezumi, 8.62% (5/58) in Rattus norvegicus, and 8.00% (2/25) in Mus musculus. Eight E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, comprising four known genotypes: D (n = 8), EbpC (n = 8), PigEBITS7 (n = 9), and EbpA (n = 2), and four novel genotypes: CHPR1 (n = 7), CHPR2 (n = 1), CHPR3 (n = 2), and CHPR4 (n = 2). This study is the first to report E. bieneusi in rodents from pig farms in Henan, Shaanxi, and Shanxi Provinces in China. The host range of genotype EbpC was expanded with its first detection in M. musculus and R. tanezumi. All identified E. bieneusi genotypes belong to group 1, raising concerns about these sympatric rodents being reservoirs of zoonotic transmission. Moreover, the widespread distribution of genotype EbpC suggests potential cross-species transmission between sympatric rodents and domestic pigs. Our findings highlight the potential role of sympatric rodents in facilitating the spillover of E. bieneusi from pig farms, which could pose a potential public health threat.
Particle displacement analysis in 3D CT images of polymer composites under-compressive load
Authors: Terachi Akihiro , Itaki Ryuga , Iwasaki Akihiro , Yamaguchi Soichiro
Published: September 2024

We have proposed a method to analyze the displacement of each particle inside a polymer composite material using 3D x-ray CT image analysis. X-ray CT imaging was performed with the sample deformed and before load application to obtain images to analyze the changes in the internal structure caused by sample deformation. By tracking particles detected from 3D CT images between images, we analyzed particle displacements due to sample deformation and visualized them using vector maps. Particle displacement due to sample deformation tended to be larger in the compression direction for particles on the top side of the sample.
Influence of incoming turbulent scales on the wind turbine wake: A large-eddy simulation study
Authors: Vahidi Dara , Porté-Agel Fernando
Published: September 2024

In this study, we aim to investigate the influence of inflow turbulent length scales on wind turbine wakes. For this purpose, large-eddy simulations of the wake of a wind turbine are performed under neutral atmospheric conditions with different boundary layer heights. Different inflow turbulent scales are generated by varying the boundary layer height, while a systematic approach is proposed to ensure that all the simulations have the same total turbulence intensity at the hub level. First, we study the simulations without the turbine to analyze the inflow scale variations and ensure a fairly constant rotor-averaged total turbulence intensity among the cases. Next, we investigate the influence of the inflow turbulent scales on the simulations with the turbine. We find that larger inflow scales in three flow directions lead to a faster wake recovery. For analytical wake modeling, the physics-based model that includes the effect of inflow integral scales is more accurate in capturing the wake expansion. Regarding wake dynamic characteristics, larger inflow turbulent scales tend to produce more wake meandering behind the turbine in both lateral and vertical directions. It is observed that the vertical-to-lateral wake center standard deviation ratio is fairly constant for all the cases. In addition, we study the turbulent momentum fluxes and their divergence to understand the role of inflow scales in the wake recovery mechanism.
Statistical property of absorbed energy in monolayer cell collectives with porous dielectric structure during irreversible electroporation therapy
Authors: Wu Feiyu , Li Lei , Chen Kai , Kou Hongyu , Mao Yilong , Liang Runze , Liu Huawen , Yao Chenguo
Published: September 2024

In the irreversible electroporation (IRE) therapy, the absorbed energy is normally characterized as the applied dose and assumed to be distributed in the homogeneous dielectric. By employing statistical analyses, we have studied the absorbed energy distribution in the porous multicellular dielectric, with the geometric patterns randomly generated from the following statistical quantities: system size, cell size, cell concentration, and cell flattening ratio. Parametric formulas regarding the mean and standard deviation of the absorbed energy are obtained through numerical simulations and iterative fitting. Our statistical results reveal that the mean value of absorbed energy with cell concentration exhibits a “conductance” to “resistance” transition, similar to the percolation of two-phase materials, and the direction of the transition flips as cell diameter increases. The standard deviation of energy, however, follows a bell-shaped curve under varied concentration, indicating a shift in energy distribution from an “aggregation” to a “dispersion” state. Based on the parametric formulation, we quantitatively explore the critical threshold of the transition, as well as the general scaling laws of the geometric variables on the mean and standard deviation of the absorbed energy. Our work could help to quantitatively explain the lethality variation in IRE ablation targeting monolayer cell collectives with different geometrical characteristics.
Probing defect states in 2D perovskites by two-photon absorption
Authors: Wang Qixing , Jin Zhiyuan , Zhang Qi , Wang Dingguan , Zheng Yu Jie
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have better ambient stability against moisture degradation than three-dimensional (3D) perovskites but retain almost the same photophysical properties of 3D perovskites. These appealing properties make 2D perovskites very promising in optoelectronic applications. However, the aqueous synthesis procedure usually brings in defects in 2D perovskites unintentionally, which may hinder their performance in optoelectronic devices. Hence, investigating the types and characteristics of defects in the synthesized crystals are essential steps for the optimization and application of high quality 2D perovskites. Here, we investigate the intrinsic defects in a prototypical 2D perovskite, (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4, by two-photon absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The defect was revealed to be lying 380 meV below the conduction band minimum. DFT calculations demonstrate that this defect was a deep level in-plane I vacancy (Ivac_in). The findings in this work potentially provide the physical basis for understanding the properties of defects in 2D perovskites.
NASA balloons study atmosphere and cosmos
Authors: Means Hannah H.
Published: September 2024

Goals include determining the origins of cosmic rays and electron microbursts.
Reduced irrigation in high rainfall years and winter application of nitrogen reduce granulation in Imperial mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Imperial)
Authors: Hofman Helen J. , Toegel Hanna , Parfitt Siegrid C. , Smith Malcolm W.
Published: September 2024

Context Preharvest granulation of Imperial mandarins is a significant problem for the Australian market. Causes of, and solutions for, this physiological disorder are poorly understood despite decades of research worldwide. Aims This research aimed to find management practices for growers to reduce granulation. Methods A 5-year on-farm trial in central Queensland, Australia, compared standard versus deficit irrigation and five rates of winter nitrogen application. Key results Reducing water (irrigation plus rainfall) in the 16–18 weeks following flowering reduced granulation in 3 of 5 years. Granulation increases with ratio of total water received to evapotranspiration, particularly in low crop load years. Higher nitrogen applications reduced granulation in 4 of 5 years, although treatment means were only significantly different at α = 0.05 in 1 year. Granulation increased with stronger early spring flush growth in a low crop load year and with later spring flush growth in one of two high crop load years. The deficit irrigation treatment had less spring flush growth and higher fruit set than the control in all years. Higher nitrogen treatments had more flush growth in high crop load years and less in low crop load years. Our data suggests competition between flush growth and fruit development for mineral resources and/or carbohydrates is a factor in the variability of granulation from fruit to fruit, but crop load is more important. Conclusions The three key strategies to minimise granulation are to maintain high crop loads, reduce irrigation after flowering, and apply sufficient nitrogen in winter. Implications This research will improve fruit quality for the consumer and financial returns to growers.
Avoiding avalanche breakdown in planar GaN Gunn diodes by means of a substrate contact
Authors: García-Sánchez S , Pérez S , Íñiguez-de-la-Torre I , García-Vasallo B , Huo L , Lingaparthi R , Nethaji D , Radhakrishnan K , Abou Daher M , Lesecq M , González T , Mateos J
Published: September 2024

Impact ionization originated by the buffer leakage current, together with high electric fields (

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3 MV cm−1) at the anode corner of the isolating trenches, has been identified as the failure mechanism of shaped planar GaN Gunn diodes when biased above 20 V, so that no evidence of Gunn oscillations in fabricated devices has been observed yet. In order to avoid the avalanche, we propose the addition of a Schottky substrate terminal, which, by means of Monte Carlo simulations, has been confirmed to be able to suppress such not-desired leakage current when applying a negative substrate bias. When the substrate bias is positive, impact ionization is also reduced due to the lower electric field at the hotspot, but a vertical cathode-substrate current degrades the device operation. In order to avoid such current, we propose the use a MIS configuration for the substrate contact, which is the optimal solution.
Study and scaling-up of multi-tip pulsed-corona air discharges for degradation of paracetamol
Authors: Iya-Sou Djakaou , Merbahi Nofel , Bouajila Jalloul , Yousfi Mohammed
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the paracetamol removal efficiency by multi-tip pulsed corona discharges, highlighting the conditions avoiding mutual effects between two consecutive streamer branching discharges generated by each tip. The results show that the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the liquid phase and the efficiency of paracetamol removal are influenced by the distance between two contiguous tips due to the mutual effects for small inter-tip distances between 4 mm and 8 mm in the case of a fixed inter-electrode distance of 5 mm (i.e. distance between the tip summit and the water surface). Beyond an inter-tip distance of 12 mm (over twice the gap distance), the mutual effects of branching discharges were no longer observed since the field lines did not overlap, making the production and absorption of liquid-phase species more efficient. Furthermore, RONS production was almost linear when moving from one to four tip electrodes: [H2O2]1tip: 0.52 mg l–1 versus [H2O2]4tips: 1.99 mg l–1, a ratio of 3.82. Optimum values were reached for an inter-tip distance of 16 mm. In this case, the enhancement factor in this reactor configuration is the surface integration between the plasma and the liquid surface to be treated. Furthermore, the results show a quasi-exponential increase in the percentage of paracetamol degradation as a function of the number of electrodes, from 4% with a mono-tip configuration to over 78% for a treatment with a four tip one.
Investigation of non-equilibrium phenomena in nitrogen RF inductively coupled plasma discharges: a state-to-state approach
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Munafò Alessandro , Jo Sung Min , Panesi Marco
Published: September 2024

This work presents a vibrational and electronic (vibronic) state-to-state (StS) model for nitrogen plasmas implemented within a multi-physics modular computational framework to study non-equilibrium effects in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) discharges. The vibronic master equations are solved in a tightly coupled fashion with the flow governing equations eliminating the need for invoking any simplifying assumptions when computing the state of the plasma, leading to a high-fidelity physical modeling. The model’s computational complexity is reduced via a maximum entropy coarse-graining approach, verified through zero-dimensional isochoric calculations. The coarse-grained StS model is employed to study the plasma discharge in the ICP facility at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Belgium. Results reveal pronounced discrepancies between StS predictions and those obtained based on local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) models, which are conventionally used in the simulation of such facilities. The analysis demonstrates a substantial departure of the internal state populations of atoms and molecules from the Boltzmann distribution. This has significant implications for energy coupling dynamics, affecting the discharge morphology. Further analysis reveals a quasi-steady-state population distribution in the plasma core, allowing for the construction of an efficient and ‘self-consistent’ macroscopic two-temperature (2T) formulation. Non-LTE simulations indicate significant disparities between the StS model and the commonly used Park 2T model, whereas the newly proposed 2T model aligns closely with StS simulations, capturing key features of non-equilibrium plasma formation. In particular, the current study highlights the importance of the vibrational-translational energy transfer term in shaping the plasma core morphology, suggesting a notable sensitivity to heavy-impact vibrational excitations and dissociative processes.
Robust topological insulating property in C2X-functionalized III-V monolayers
Authors: Xue Xianghong , Lin Zhihua , Gao Rui , Yang Bingzhuo , Wang Haoyu , Han Mengmeng , Han Nannan
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) show great potential applications in low-power quantum computing and spintronics due to the spin-polarized gapless edge states. However, the small bandgap limits their room-temperature applications. Based on first-principles calculations, a series of C2X (X = H, F, Cl, Br and I) functionalized III–V monolayers are investigated. The nontrivial bandgaps of GaBi-(C2X)2, InBi-(C2X)2, TlBi-(C2X)2 and TlSb-(C2X)2 are found to between 0.223 and 0.807 eV. For GaBi-(C2X)2 and InBi-(C2X)2, the topological insulating properties originate from the s-px,y band inversion induced by the spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effect. While for TlBi-(C2X)2 and TlSb-(C2X)2, the topological insulating properties are attributed to the SOC effect-induced band splitting. The robust topological characteristics are further confirmed by topological invariants Z
2 and the test under biaxial strain. Finally, two ideal substrates are predicted to promote the applications of these TIs. These findings indicate that GaBi-(C2X)2, InBi-(C2X)2, TlBi-(C2X)2 and TlSb-(C2X)2 monolayers are good candidates for the fabrication of spintronic devices.
Correlation between non-ambipolar currents and divertor heat loads in the COMPASS tokamak
Authors: Dimitrova M , Gunn J P , Cavalier J , Vasileva E , Ivanova P , Hasan E , Dejarnac R , Tskhakaya D , Vondracek P , Weinzettl V , Hron M , Panek R
Published: September 2024

Electric current flowing onto the divertor of the COMPASS tokamak influences its heat loading. The current measured when a Langmuir probe is grounded to the divertor gives a local measurement of this heat loading, which, according to the classical theory of the Debye sheath, should be enhanced with respect to the case of locally ambipolar currents. The comparison of the calculated heat flux by probes with infrared thermography, when the influence of non-ambipolar currents is not considered, is grossly wrong; when the theoretical effect of non-ambipolar currents is included, however, the agreement is very good.
Spontaneous asymmetry effect induced by uniform magnetic fields in capacitively coupled plasmas under perfectly symmetric conditions
Authors: Yao Jianxiong , Liu Chenxi , He Feng , Miao Jinsong , Ouyang Jiting , Zheng Bocong
Published: September 2024

Introducing asymmetry in capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) is a common strategy for achieving independent control of ion mean energy and flux. Our 1d3v particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations reveal that a uniform magnetic field within a specific range can induce spatial asymmetry in low-pressure CCPs, even under perfectly symmetric conditions. This asymmetry, characterized by a shift in the plasma density distribution and significant differences in electron kinetics between the two sides of the plasma, leads to strong ionization and most electron losses on the low-density side, while the high-density side experiences weak ionization and minimal electron losses. The underlying mechanism triggering this spontaneous asymmetry is the differential influence of the magnetic field on low-energy (local) and high-energy (relatively nonlocal) electrons. Under conditions of low pressure and an appropriate magnetic field, this disparity in electron kinetic behavior leads to a spontaneous amplification of the asymmetry induced by random fluctuations until a steady state is reached, culminating in a spontaneous asymmetric effect.
Theory of wetting dynamics with surface binding
Authors: Zhao Xueping , Liese Susanne , Honigmann Alf , Jülicher Frank , Weber Christoph A
Published: September 2024

Biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, can phase separate in the cytoplasm of cells to form biomolecular condensates. Such condensates are often liquid-like droplets that can wet biological surfaces such as membranes. Many molecules that participate in phase separation can also reversibly bind to membrane surfaces. When a droplet wets a surface, molecules can diffuse inside and outside of the droplet or in the bound state on the surface. How the interplay between surface binding, diffusion in surface and bulk affects the wetting kinetics is not well understood. Here, we derive the governing equations using non-equilibrium thermodynamics by relating the thermodynamic fluxes and forces at the surface coupled to the bulk. We study the spreading dynamics in the presence of surface binding and find that binding speeds up wetting by nucleating a droplet inside the surface. Our results suggest that the wetting dynamics of droplets can be regulated by two-dimensional surface droplets in the surface-bound layer through changing the binding affinity to the surfaces. These findings are relevant both to engineering life-like systems with condensates and vesicles, and biomolecular condensates in living cells.
Vortex clusters and their active control in a cold Rydberg atomic system with

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-symmetric Bessel potential
Authors: Fan 范 Zhuo 灼 , Shi 石 Yi 逸 , Wang 王 Hang 航 , Zhao 赵 Yuan 元 , Peng 彭 Wei 微 , Xu 徐 Siliu 四六
Published: September 2024

We propose an approach for generating robust two-dimensional (2D) vortex clusters (VCs) in a Rydberg atomic system by utilizing parity-time (

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) symmetric optical Bessel potential. We show that the system supports novel multi-core VCs with four and eight cores, corresponding to topological charges 2 and 4, respectively. The stability of these VCs can be dynamically adjusted through the manipulation of the gain-loss component, Kerr nonlinearities, and the degree of nonlocality inherent in the Rydberg atoms. These VCs are confined within the first lattice well of the Bessel potential, and both the power and width of lights undergo a quasi-periodic breathing phenomenon, which is attributed to the power exchange between the light fields and Bessel potential. Both self-attractive and self-repulsive Kerr interactions can sustain robust VCs within this system. The insights presented here not only facilitate the creation and manipulation of 2D VCs through

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-symmetric potentials but also pave the way for potential applications in optical information processing and transmission.
Research on ion cyclotron emission driven by deuterium–deuterium fusion-produced tritium ions on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Zhang Huapeng , Liu Lunan , Zhang Wei , Sun Xuan , Zhang Xinjun , Wang Zhengshuyan , Xu Zelin , Zhang Jiadong , Qin Weijian , Li Liuxin , Jiang Yuhao , Qiu Sichun , Qin Chengming , Zhu Guanghui , Zhu Yongxin , Zhang Kai , Jin Tao , Li Zhiping
Published: September 2024

In the 2023 experiment campaign, we measured ion cyclotron emission (ICE) signals on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), edge ICE excited by tritium ions. A fusion product derived from the deuterium–deuterium (D−D) fusion reaction, whose spectral peak matches the fundamental cyclotron frequency of the tritium ions (ω
CT) in the plasma edge near the last closed flux surface, was observed using the ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antenna-based diagnostic system at the plasma boundary on the low field side in the EAST. In this study, we present the first observation of ICE with frequency matching at the plasma boundary. The excitation position of ICE is approximately R = 2.29 m on EAST, and we find that ICE is easier to excite below a certain threshold of plasma radiation. To investigate the excitation mechanism of ICE, we obtained the tritium ion distribution via the TRANSP/Fusion Products Model code and used it to explain the excitation mechanism of ICE. The given distribution has a bump-on tail structure in the energy direction and anisotropy in the pitch angle direction. In addition, we explain why high-energy tritium ions can reach and accumulate at the plasma boundary. It is important to study ICE because ICE can help distinguish the species of fusion-product ions, which can also help monitor the fusion alpha ions in large fusion devices, such as CFETR, DEMO, and ITER.
Bifurcation in correlation length of the Ising model on a ‘Toblerone’ lattice
Authors: Chapman Joseph , Tomasello Bruno , Carr Sam
Published: September 2024

The classical Ising chain is a paradigm for the non-existence of phase transitions in one-dimensional systems and was solved by Ernst Ising 100 years ago. More recently, a decorated two-leg Ising ladder has received interest due to its curious thermodynamics that resemble a phase transition; a sharp peak in the specific heat at low, but finite temperature. We use this model to reveal a bifurcation in the correlation lengths due to a crossing of the sub-leading eigenvalues of the transfer matrix, which results in two distinct length scales necessary to describe the decay of correlations. We discuss this phenomenon in the context of the geometric frustration in the model. We also provide additional results to aid in the understanding of the curious thermodynamics of the model through a study of the magnetic susceptibilities.
Simulation and comparative analysis of Fiber Optic Gyroscope for near-zero rotation rate measurement
Authors: Shalaby Mohamed N. , Elghandour Ahmed H. , Mohamed Abdo M.
Published: September 2024

Currently, Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes (FOGs) stand as a significant leap in inertial navigation sensor technology within the field of automation, control and navigation. There has been a recent global emphasis on exploring and enhancing high-precision Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), focusing on the pivotal role of fiber optic gyros as a fundamental sensor. FOGs are leading in many aspects over the mechanical gyros which were used before in earlier decades as they are lighter in weight, require no moving parts in operation, with higher sensitivity, and quicker in both start-up and warm-up procedures. In our present work we will investigate the performance of FOG under a distinct operational condition—namely, Near-Zero Rotation Rate for both basic and phase modulation configurations. We will use OptiSystem software package to simulate both configurations and show the initial challenges encountered during the simulation and detailed how subsequent phases effectively addressed these issues and pointing out the significant conclusion.
The Spatial Pattern Typology Through Sustainable Landscape Design of Hakka Settlement in Pasar Lama Chinatown
Authors: Syoufa Ade , Purwanto Eddie , Srihartanto Bangun I.R. , Hasan Raziq
Published: September 2024

The morphology of Chinatown settlements in Indonesia generally forms a linear, spread out, irregular grid pattern, however, the Pasar Lama Chinatown settlement has a regular grid settlement pattern following the rules of ancient Chinese cities.

The settlement pattern of Pasar Lama Chinatown in early 1902 is said to be a Hakka settlement which has similarities with the Hakka settlements in North Guangdong. Meanwhile, in 2020 the Old Market Chinatown settlement has developed and still has similarities to the Hakka settlement. However, there have been spatial changes based on culture and beliefs in its development. These spatial changes do not change the shape of the regular grid settlement pattern. This is interesting to study further. Based on this, this research aims to explore and discover the spatial pattern of the Pasar Lama Chinatown settlement, which still survives with its grid pattern.

This research is qualitative research with qualitative descriptive methods. The data used is in the form of maps to explain activities and space in the field and literature as parameters for analyzing empirical conditions for the arrangement of settlement elements. Meanwhile, interview data is used to determine the intent and reasons behind the arrangement. The results of the discussion show that the settlement pattern of Pasar Lama Chinatown has 3 zones, namely residential, religious, and commercial areas. The spatial layout pattern of Pasar Lama Chinatown continues to this day because it follows the rules of Feng Shui and the security system of the body structure of the Hakka settlement which has meaning for the Benteng Chinese community.
Sustainable tourism in cultural heritage areas: dualism between economy and environmental preservation
Authors: Kurniati R. , Nurini N.
Published: September 2024

The dynamism of the tourism sector raises the issue of dualism between economic activity and environmental sustainability. Cultural heritage areas are the most vulnerable to massive tourism activities, ranging from vandalism, damage to building structures, and environmental degradation. Lasem is one of the Cultural Heritage Areas in Coastal Rembang that has a high level of vulnerability to developing local tourism activities. This research is related to the focus of the tourism sector with an effort to analyze and provide recommendations for sustainable tourism development in the Lasem Cultural Heritage Area. The research method employed is qualitative, utilizing Self-Assessment and observational checks to understand the status of Sustainable Tourism implementation in the designed location. The analysis method used is descriptive GAP analysis and strengthened by using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). The result is the urgency of designing masterplan documents and tourism management concepts based on the balance between sustainable aspects (environment, socio-cultural, economy). This research also indicated the relationship between the development of the Batik Lasem tourism industry and the change of green land use into built-up land in Lasem.
The impact of pedestrian ways revitalization on user intensities at Margonda Raya Street, Depok City
Authors: Hamida Ida , Sutiana
Published: September 2024

Depok City has a large population, and Margonda Raya Street is a strategic area with various activities, such as educational, offices, commercial and settlements. Intensity of pedestrian users on Margonda Raya Street, Depok City, is considered congested, but unfortunately many of the sidewalks are damaged or unkempt, apart from creating dangers for pedestrians, it can also cause accidents and injuries, including the occupancy of street vendors in several area. The revitalization by extending the sidewalks up to 4 meters are more and reducing vehicle lanes to 3.5 meters wide. Margonda Raya Street has an increasing and intense traffic during working hours by this extention. The aims of research is to analyze the impact of revitalizing pedestrian ways on Margonda Raya Street Depok City regarding the intensity of pedestrian use, carried out by the Depok City Government to create an inclusive, safe and comfortable environment for pedestrians and support various activities in urban areas. This research uses a mix method (quantitative and qualitative). The results show that in the Margonda Raya Street, Depok City, still has a lot of misuse of the function of the sidewalk which is still used for parking motorized vehicles and street vendors selling on the sidewalk. This revitalization has to be more inclusive for everyone, not only the pedestrian but also has a significant impact on the income of informal traders (street vendors) due to increased pedestrian intensity rather than the formal traders itself.