bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A formal foundation for symbolic evaluation with merging
Authors: Porncharoenwase Sorawee , Nelson Luke , Wang Xi , Torlak Emina
Published: January 2022

Reusable symbolic evaluators are a key building block of solver-aided verification and synthesis tools. A reusable evaluator reduces the semantics of all paths in a program to logical constraints, and a client tool uses these constraints to formulate a satisfiability query that is discharged with SAT or SMT solvers. The correctness of the evaluator is critical to the soundness of the tool and the domain properties it aims to guarantee. Yet so far, the trust in these evaluators has been based on an ad-hoc foundation of testing and manual reasoning.

This paper presents the first formal framework for reasoning about the behavior of reusable symbolic evaluators. We develop a new symbolic semantics for these evaluators that incorporates state merging. Symbolic evaluators use state merging to avoid path explosion and generate compact encodings. To accommodate a wide range of implementations, our semantics is parameterized by a symbolic factory, which abstracts away the details of merging and creation of symbolic values. The semantics targets a rich language that extends Core Scheme with assumptions and assertions, and thus supports branching, loops, and (first-class) procedures. The semantics is designed to support reusability, by guaranteeing two key properties: legality of the generated symbolic states, and the reducibility of symbolic evaluation to concrete evaluation. Legality makes it simpler for client tools to formulate queries, and reducibility enables testing of client tools on concrete inputs. We use the Lean theorem prover to mechanize our symbolic semantics, prove that it is sound and complete with respect to the concrete semantics, and prove that it guarantees legality and reducibility.

To demonstrate the generality of our semantics, we develop Leanette, a reference evaluator written in Lean, and Rosette 4, an optimized evaluator written in Racket. We prove Leanette correct with respect to the semantics, and validate Rosette 4 against Leanette via solver-aided differential testing. To demonstrate the practicality of our approach, we port 16 published verification and synthesis tools from Rosette 3 to Rosette 4. Rosette 3 is an existing reusable evaluator that implements the classic merging semantics, adopted from bounded model checking. Rosette 4 replaces the semantic core of Rosette 3 but keeps its optimized symbolic factory. Our results show that Rosette 4 matches the performance of Rosette 3 across a wide range of benchmarks, while providing a cleaner interface that simplifies the implementation of client tools.
Profile inference revisited
Authors: He Wenlei , Mestre Julián , Pupyrev Sergey , Wang Lei , Yu Hongtao
Published: January 2022

Profile-guided optimization (PGO) is an important component in modern compilers. By allowing the compiler to leverage the program’s dynamic behavior, it can often generate substantially faster binaries. Sampling-based profiling is the state-of-the-art technique for collecting execution profiles in data-center environments. However, the lowered profile accuracy caused by sampling fully optimized binary often hurts the benefits of PGO; thus, an important problem is to overcome the inaccuracy in a profile after it is collected. In this paper we tackle the problem, which is also known as
profile inference
and
profile rectification
.

We investigate the classical approach for profile inference, based on computing minimum-cost maximum flows in a control-flow graph, and develop an extended model capturing the desired properties of real-world profiles. Next we provide a solid theoretical foundation of the corresponding optimization problem by studying its algorithmic aspects. We then describe a new efficient algorithm for the problem along with its implementation in an open-source compiler. An extensive evaluation of the algorithm and existing profile inference techniques on a variety of applications, including Facebook production workloads and SPEC CPU benchmarks, indicates that the new method outperforms its competitors by significantly improving the accuracy of profile data and the performance of generated binaries.
Formal metatheory of second-order abstract syntax
Authors: Fiore Marcelo , Szamozvancev Dmitrij
Published: January 2022

Despite extensive research both on the theoretical and practical fronts, formalising, reasoning about, and implementing languages with variable binding is still a daunting endeavour – repetitive boilerplate and the overly complicated metatheory of capture-avoiding substitution often get in the way of progressing on to the actually interesting properties of a language. Existing developments offer some relief, however at the expense of inconvenient and error-prone term encodings and lack of formal foundations.

We present a mathematically-inspired language-formalisation framework implemented in Agda. The system translates the description of a syntax signature with variable-binding operators into an intrinsically-encoded, inductive data type equipped with syntactic operations such as weakening and substitution, along with their correctness properties. The generated metatheory further incorporates metavariables and their associated operation of metasubstitution, which enables second-order equational/rewriting reasoning. The underlying mathematical foundation of the framework – initial algebra semantics – derives compositional interpretations of languages into their models satisfying the semantic substitution lemma by construction.
Software model-checking as cyclic-proof search
Authors: Tsukada Takeshi , Unno Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

This paper shows that a variety of software model-checking algorithms can be seen as proof-search strategies for a non-standard proof system, known as a
cyclic proof system
. Our use of the cyclic proof system as a logical foundation of software model checking enables us to compare different algorithms, to reconstruct well-known algorithms from a few simple principles, and to obtain soundness proofs of algorithms for free. Among others, we show the significance of a heuristics based on a notion that we call
maximal conservativity
; this explains the cores of important algorithms such as property-directed reachability (PDR) and reveals a surprising connection to an efficient solver of games over infinite graphs that was not regarded as a kind of PDR.
Logarithm and program testing
Authors: Hou (Favonia) Kuen-Bang , Wang Zhuyang
Published: January 2022

Randomized property-based testing has gained much attention recently, but most frameworks stop short at polymorphic properties. Although Bernardy 
et al.
have developed a theory to reduce a wide range of polymorphic properties to monomorphic ones, it relies upon ad-hoc embedding-projection pairs to massage the types into a particular form. This paper skips the embedding-projection pairs and presents a mechanical monomorphization for a general class of polymorphic functions, a step towards automatic testing for polymorphic properties. The calculation of suitable types for monomorphization turns out to be
logarithm
.
Dynamic Testing Techniques of Non-functional Requirements in Mobile Apps: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Júnior Misael C. , Amalfitano Domenico , Garcés Lina , Fasolino Anna Rita , Andrade Stevão A. , Delamaro Márcio
Published: January 2022

Context:
The mobile app market is continually growing offering solutions to almost all aspects of people’s lives, e.g., healthcare, business, entertainment, as well as the stakeholders’ demand for apps that are more secure, portable, easy to use, among other non-functional requirements (NFRs). Therefore, manufacturers should guarantee that their mobile apps achieve high-quality levels. A good strategy is to include software testing and quality assurance activities during the whole life cycle of such solutions.

Problem:
Systematically warranting NFRs is not an easy task for any software product. Software engineers must take important decisions before adopting testing techniques and automation tools to support such endeavors.

Proposal:
To provide to the software engineers with a broad overview of existing dynamic techniques and automation tools for testing mobile apps regarding NFRs.

Methods:
We planned and conducted a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) following well-established guidelines for executing secondary studies in software engineering.

Results:
We found 56 primary studies and characterized their contributions based on testing strategies, testing approaches, explored mobile platforms, and the proposed tools.

Conclusions:
The characterization allowed us to identify and discuss important trends and opportunities that can benefit both academics and practitioners.
Computing the ideals of sumset semigroups
Authors: García-García J. I. , Marín-Aragón D. , Vigneron-Tenorio A.
Published: January 2022

We introduce an algorithm for computing the ideals associated with some sumset semigroups. Our results allow us to study some additive properties of sumsets.
High-performance symbolic-numerics via multiple dispatch
Authors: Gowda Shashi , Ma Yingbo , Cheli Alessandro , Gwóźzdź Maja , Shah Viral B. , Edelman Alan , Rackauckas Christopher
Published: January 2022

As mathematical computing becomes more democratized in high-level languages, high-performance symbolic-numeric systems are necessary for domain scientists and engineers to get the best performance out of their machine without deep knowledge of code optimization. Naturally, users need different term types either to have different algebraic properties for them, or to use efficient data structures. To this end, we developed Symbolics.jl, an extendable symbolic system which uses dynamic multiple dispatch to change behavior depending on the domain needs. In this work we detail an underlying abstract term interface which allows for speed without sacrificing generality. We show that by formalizing a generic API on actions independent of implementation, we can retroactively add optimized data structures to our system without changing the pre-existing term rewriters. We showcase how this can be used to optimize term construction and give a 113x acceleration on general symbolic transformations. Further, we show that such a generic API allows for complementary term-rewriting implementations. Exploiting this feature, we demonstrate the ability to swap between classical term-rewriting simplifiers and e-graph-based term-rewriting simplifiers. We illustrate how this symbolic system improves numerical computing tasks by showcasing an e-graph ruleset which minimizes the number of CPU cycles during expression evaluation, and demonstrate how it simplifies a real-world reaction-network simulation to halve the runtime. Additionally, we show a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation solver which is able to be automatically converted into symbolic expressions via multiple dispatch tracing, which is subsequently accelerated and parallelized to give a 157x simulation speedup. Together, this presents Symbolics.jl as a next-generation symbolic-numeric computing environment geared towards modeling and simulation.
The DEWCAD project
Authors: Bradford R. , Davenport J. H. , England M. , Sadeghimanesh A. , Uncu A.
Published: January 2022

This abstract seeks to introduce the ISSAC community to the DEWCAD project, which is based at Coventry University and the University of Bath, in the United Kingdom. The project seeks to push back the Doubly Exponential Wall of Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition, through the integration of SAT/SMT technology, the extension of Lazard projection theory, and the development of new algorithms based on CAD technology but without producing CADs themselves. The project also seeks to develop applications of CAD and will focus on applications in the domains of economics and bio-network analysis.
Fast Chemical Sensors for Emission Control
Authors: Spetz Anita Lloyd , Tobias Peter , Ekedahl Lars-Gunnar , Mårtensson Per , Lundström Ingemar
Published: January 2022

Consideration of environmental issues is constantly growing. This brings about a potential market for more sophisticated control of emissions from automobiles and more advanced on-board diagnosis. There is also a growing interest in zero emission power plants and in stricter regulation of other emission sources in industry. One of the important prerequisites for this development is the existence of reliable chemical sensors for combustion control.
Low error estimation of half-cell thermodynamic parameters from whole-cell Li-ion battery experiments: Physics-based model formulation, experimental demonstration, and an open software tool
Authors: Hu Victor , Schwartz Daniel T.
Published: January 2022

Low C-rate charge and discharge experiments, plus complementary differential voltage or differential capacity analysis, are among the most common battery characterization methods. Here, we adapt the multi-species, multi-reaction (MSMR) half-cell thermodynamic model to low C-rate cycling of whole-cell Li-ion batteries. MSMR models for the anode and cathode are coupled through whole-cell charge balances and cell-cycling voltage constraint equations, forming the basis for model-based estimation of MSMR half-cell parameters from whole-cell experimental data. Emergent properties of the whole-cell, like slippage of the anode and cathode lithiation windows, are also computed as cells cycle and degrade. A sequential least-square optimization scheme is used for parameter estimation from low-C cycling data of Samsung 18650 NMC|C cells. Low-error fits of the open-circuit cell voltage (e.g., under 5 mV mean absolute error for charge or discharge curves) and differential voltage curves for fresh and aged cells are achieved. We explore the features (and limitations) of using literature reference values for the MSMR half-cell thermodynamic parameters (reducing our whole-cell formulation to a 1-degree-of-freedom fit) and demonstrate the benefits of expanding the degrees of freedom by letting the MSMR parameters be tailored to the cell under test, within a constrained neighborhood of the half-cell reference values. Bootstrap analysis is performed on each dataset to show the robustness of our fitting to experimental noise and data sampling over the course of 600 cell cycles. The results show which specific MSMR insertion reactions are most responsible for capacity loss in each half-cell and the collective interactions that lead to whole-cell slippage and changes in useable capacity. Open-source software is made available to easily extend this model-based analysis to other labs and battery chemistries.
MAPK p38/Ulk1 pathway inhibits autophagy and induces IL-1β expression in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Jin Li , Li Juan , Yang ShuJuan , Zhang Rou , Hu ChunHua , Chen Yi , Tian Zhen , Ma WenQi , Feng YaLi , Liu Na , Liu JinFeng , Yang Yuan , Chen TianYan , Zhao YingRen , He YingLi , Yan TaoTao
Published: January 2022

LPS inhibits autophagy in a concentration- and dose-dependent manner in HSC-T6 cells. MAPK p38 induces phosphorylation of Ulk1, which disrupts the Ulk1-Atg13 complex and is therefore required for the inhibition of autophagy by LPS. LPS induces IL-1β expression via the MAPK p38/Ulk1 pathway in HSCs.
Receptor-mediated activation of CFTR via prostaglandin signaling pathways in the airway
Authors: Shaughnessy Ciaran A. , Yadav Sangya , Bratcher Preston E. , Zeitlin Pamela L.
Published: January 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding a cAMP-activated Cl− channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR modulator therapies consist of small-molecule drugs that rescue mutant CFTR. Regimens of single or combinations of CFTR modulators still rely on endogenous levels of cAMP to regulate CFTR activity. We investigated CFTR activation by the natural mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lubiprostone (a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug known to target prostaglandin receptors) and tested the hypothesis that receptor-mediated CFTR activators can be used in combination with currently available CFTR modulators to increase function of mutant CFTR. Primary-cultured airway epithelia were assayed in Ussing chambers. Experimental CFTR activators and established CFTR modulators were applied for 24 h and/or acutely and analyzed for their effect on CFTR activity as measured by changes in short-circuit current ( ISC). In non-CF airway epithelia, acute application of lubiprostone and PGE2 activated CFTR to the levels comparable to forskolin (Fsk). Pretreatment (24 h) with antagonists to prostaglandin receptors EP2 and EP4 abolished the ability of lubiprostone to acutely activate CFTR. In F508del homozygous airway epithelia pretreated with the triple combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor (ELEXA/TEZ/IVA; i.e., Trikafta), acute application of lubiprostone was able to maximally activate CFTR. Prolonged (24 h) cotreatment of F508del homozygous epithelia with ELEXA/TEZ/IVA and lubiprostone increased acute CFTR activation by ∼60% compared with the treatment with ELEXA/TEZ/IVA alone. This work establishes the feasibility of targeting prostaglandin receptors to activate CFTR on the airway epithelia and demonstrates that cotreatment with lubiprostone can further restore modulator-rescued CFTR.
AVP-eGFP was significantly upregulated by hypovolemia in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus in the transgenic rats
Authors: Sanada Kenya , Ueno Hiromichi , Miyamoto Tetsu , Baba Kazuhiko , Tanaka Kentaro , Nishimura Haruki , Nishimura Kazuaki , Sonoda Satomi , Yoshimura Mitsuhiro , Maruyama Takashi , Onaka Tatsushi , Otsuji Yutaka , Kataoka Masaharu , Ueta Yoichi
Published: January 2022

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is produced in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). Peripheral AVP, which is secreted from the posterior pituitary, is produced in the magnocellular division of the PVN (mPVN) and SON. In addition, AVP is produced in the parvocellular division of the PVN (pPVN), where corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) is synthesized. These peptides synergistically modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Previous studies have revealed that the HPA axis was activated by hypovolemia. However, the detailed dynamics of AVP in the pPVN under hypovolemic state has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated the effects of hypovolemia and hyperosmolality on the hypothalamus, using AVP-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgenic rats. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) or 3% hypertonic saline (HTN) was intraperitoneally administered to develop hypovolemia or hyperosmolality. AVP-eGFP intensity was robustly upregulated at 3 and 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of PEG or HTN in the mPVN. While in the pPVN, eGFP intensity was significantly increased at 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of PEG with significant induction of Fos-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons. Consistently, eGFP mRNA, AVP hnRNA, and CRF mRNA in the pPVN and plasma AVP and corticosterone were significantly increased at 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of PEG. The results suggest that AVP and CRF syntheses in the pPVN were activated by hypovolemia, resulting in the activation of the HPA axis.
From heart to muscle: pathophysiological mechanisms underlying long-term physical sequelae from SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Serviente Corinna , Decker Stephen T. , Layec Gwenael
Published: January 2022

The long-term sequelae of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are multifaceted and, besides the lungs, impact other organs and tissues, even in cases of mild infection. Along with commonly reported symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea, a significant proportion of those with prior COVID-19 infection also exhibit signs of cardiac damage, muscle weakness, and ultimately, poor exercise tolerance. This review provides an overview of evidence indicating cardiac impairments and persistent endothelial dysfunction in the peripheral vasculature of those previously infected with COVID-19, irrespective of the severity of the acute phase of illness. In addition, V̇o2peak appears to be lower in convalescent patients, which may stem, in part, from alterations in O2 transport such as impaired diffusional O2 conductance. Together, the persistent multi-organ dysfunction induced by COVID-19 may set previously healthy individuals on a trajectory towards frailty and disease. Given the large proportion of individuals recovering from COVID-19, it is critically important to better understand the physical sequelae of COVID-19, the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to these outcomes, and the long-term effects on future disease risk. This review highlights relevant literature on the pathophysiology post-COVID-19 infection, gaps in the literature, and emphasizes the need for the development of evidence-based rehabilitation guidelines.
Priming of central and peripheral mechanisms with heat and cutaneous capsaicin facilitates secondary hyperalgesia to high-frequency electrical stimulation
Authors: Hugosdottir Rosa , Kasting Mindy , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Andersen Ole Kæseler , Arendt-Nielsen Lars
Published: January 2022

High-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) and heat/capsaicin sensitization are well-known models of secondary hyperalgesia. The results from the current study indicate that increased sensitivity to 128 mN pin-prick stimulation can be obtained when HFS is delivered following an already established heightened central hyperexcitability provoked by heat/capsaicin sensitization.
Less common synaptic input between muscles from the same group allows for more flexible coordination strategies during a fatiguing task
Authors: Rossato Julien , Tucker Kylie , Avrillon Simon , Lacourpaille Lilian , Holobar Aleš , Hug François
Published: January 2022

Redundancy of the neuromuscular system theoretically allows for a redistribution of the neural drive across muscles (i.e., between-muscle compensation) during a fatiguing contraction. Our results suggest that a high level of common input between muscles (e.g., vastus lateralis and medialis) represents a neural constraint making it less likely to redistribute the neural drive across these muscles. In this way, redistribution was only observed across muscles that share little common synaptic input (e.g., gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis).
Sesamin suppresses high glucose-induced microglial inflammation in the retina in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Linlin , Xiu Fangwei
Published: January 2022

Sesamin effectively inhibits HG-induced microglial inflammation in the retina both in vivo and in vitro, which suggests that sesamin might serve as a candidate drug for diabetic retinopathy treatment.
Proprioceptive sensitivity to imposed finger deflections
Authors: Long Katie H. , McLellan Kristine R. , Boyarinova Maria , Bensmaia Sliman J.
Published: January 2022

Manual dexterity and stereognosis are supported by two exquisite sensory systems, namely touch and proprioception. Here, we measure the sensitivity of hand proprioception and show that humans can sense the posture and movements of the fingers with great accuracy. We also show that application of a skin vibration does not impair sensitivity, suggesting that proprioceptive acuity relies primarily on receptors in the muscles (and possibly tendons) rather than the skin.
Scleral Fixation of Akreos AO60 Intraocular Lens Using Gore-Tex Suture: An Eye on Visual Outcomes and Postoperative Complications
Authors: Leuzinger-Dias Mariana , Lima-Fontes Mário , Rodrigues Rita , Oliveira-Ferreira Cláudia , Madeira Carolina , Falcão-Reis Fernando , Fernandes Vítor , Rocha-Sousa Amândio , Falcão Manuel
Published: January 2022

Purpose. “In-the-bag” placement of an IOL is the Holy Grail for any cataract surgeon. However, in the absence of capsular integrity, alternative surgical options to place the IOL must be sought. We aim to report the clinical outcomes and safety profile of scleral-fixated Akreos AO60 intraocular lens implantation using Gore-Tex suture, combined with pars plana vitrectomy. Methods. This is a single-center, retrospective case series descriptive study. Electronic clinical records of all patients subjected to scleral fixation of a Bausch and Lomb Akreos AO60 IOL combined with pars plana vitrectomy, between April 1, 2017, and August 1, 2021, were reviewed. Data concerning age, sex, laterality, past ophthalmological history, pre- and postoperative best-available visual acuity, surgical indication, and intra- and postoperative complications were collected. Measured outcomes were the differences in best-available visual acuity and frequency of postoperative complications. Results. A total of 37 eyes (20 right eyes and 17 left eyes) from 36 patients (16 females and 20 males) were included in the statistical analysis. The mean age at time of surgery was 72.0 ± 12.4 years. The mean follow-up period was 548.9 days (range 39–1564 days). Globally, the mean best-available logMAR visual acuity improved from 1.61 preoperatively (0.025 decimal equivalent) to 0.57 postoperatively (0.3 decimal equivalent), this difference being statistically significant (

P
<
0.001

). Indications for surgery included aphakia due to complicated cataract surgery (24.3%; n = 9); subluxated IOL due to closed trauma (21.6%; n = 8); PEX-related subluxated IOL (16.2%; n = 6); non-traumatic, non-PEX-related subluxated IOL (18.9%; n = 7); subluxated crystalline lens due to closed trauma (8.1%; n = 3); aphakia due to open-globe injury (5.4%; n = 2); silicone-induced IOL opacification (2.7%; n = 1); and aphakia post-endophthalmitis (2.7%; n = 1). Postoperative complications included transient ocular hypertension (27.0%; n = 10), transient corneal edema (18.9%; n = 7), cystoid macular edema (18.9%, n = 7), self-limited hypotension (5.4%, n = 2), self-limited vitreous hemorrhage (2.7%, n = 1), central retinal vein occlusion (2.7%, n = 1), late retinal detachment (2.7%, n = 1), and Akreos IOL opacification (2.7%, n = 1). No suture-related complications were observed. Conclusion. There was a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity after scleral fixation of Akreos AO60 intraocular lens using Gore-Tex suture, with no suture-related problems recorded. This procedure seems to be a valuable alternative for posterior chamber IOL placement when secondary IOL implantation is required.
Research on the Construction of University Public Health Emergency Management System Based on Psychological Counseling Intervention
Authors: Zhang Lingling
Published: January 2022

After entering the information society, all kinds of risks, crises, and conflicts in society are more severe, more sudden, and uncertain than those in agricultural society and industrial society. Under the unexpected events in colleges and universities, college students’ psychological crisis, which cannot be dealt with and overcome by conventional methods, arises from their own experiences, psychological endurance, and weak self-awareness. In the face of emergencies, as a talent training base, how to collect information quickly and accurately and make prevention and control plans is directly related to the success or failure of event handling. This study attempts to analyze the characteristics and causes of students’ psychological changes in public health emergencies in colleges and universities and puts forward relevant countermeasures, so as to improve the management system of public health emergencies in colleges and universities, improve the ability to effectively deal with and properly handle public health emergencies, and promote the harmonious development of society. In the face of public health emergencies, colleges and universities should enhance the awareness of emergency management of public health emergencies, change the concept of emergency, build an efficient emergency management system, improve the ability and level of emergency management, and ensure the harmony and stability of the school.
Classification and Optimization of Basketball Players’ Training Effect Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Zhu Quanfei
Published: January 2022

Since the professionalization of basketball in China, the number of teenagers participating in basketball training has gradually increased, which has promoted the improvement of basketball level in China. Teenagers ‘love’ for basketball further promotes the improvement of basketball level in China. However, the reality of basketball in China still lags far behind that of developed basketball countries, in which backward training is an important aspect. This paper mainly makes a comprehensive overview of the training effect and classification of basketball players through particle swarm optimization, objectively evaluates the training effect of physical fitness, and proposes corresponding optimization measures, aiming at the scientific optimization of physical training for basketball players in China. In order to rationally arrange the training methods, control the training process, and make the training scientific, the effectiveness of the particle swarm optimization algorithm for the classification of basketball players’ training effects is analyzed, and a new population-based optimization method is proposed. The experimental results verify the superiority of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. It is an inevitable choice to enhance the physical strength level of basketball reserve strength by using appropriate methods to train basketball players.
New Approach in Fixed Resource Allocation and Target Setting Using Data Envelopment Analysis with Common Set of Weights
Authors: Ghasemi Marzieh , Mozaffari Mohammad Reza , Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Farhad , Rostamy malkhalifeh Mohsen , Behzadi Mohammad Hasan
Published: January 2022

One of the mathematical programming techniques is data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is used for evaluating the efficiency of a set of similar decision‐making units (DMUs). Fixed resource allocation and target setting with the help of DEA is a subject that has gained much attention from researchers. A new model was proposed by determining a common set of weights (CSW). All DMUs were involved with the aim of achieving higher efficiency in every DMU after the procedure. The minimum resources and targets allocated to each DMU were commensurate to the efficiency of that DMU and the share of DMU in the input resources and the output productions. To examine the proposed method, other methods in the DEA literature were examined as well, and then, the efficiency of the method was demonstrated through a numerical example.
Multiclawed SiO2 Nano‐Antibacterial Agent Based on Charge Inversed Ce6 Ionic Liquid Polymers for Combating Oral Biofilm Infection
Authors: Jiao Ziyi , Teng Yonggang , Zhan Chunjing , Qiao Youbei , Ma Yuying , Wang Chaoli , Wu Hong
Published: January 2022

Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a promising therapy against biofilm infection. However, due to the saliva clearance and obstacle of biofilm, the photosensitizer is difficult to concentrate in the infection site; then, the PACT is less effective on oral biofilm infection. In this article, we report a special nano‐antibacterial agent (SiO2‐PCe6-IL) to solve the bottleneck problem of PACT in treatment of oral biofilm infections. The SiO2‐PCe6-IL was composed of SiO2 and poly ionic liquid photosensitizer (PCe6-IL) and had tri‐fold features of eliminate biofilm infection: high binding ability, breaking biofilm barriers, and enrichment photosensitizer in infection site. In oral biofilm, the SiO2‐PCe6-IL changed to SiO2‐PIL+ like claws of octopus that could hold tightly with biofilm. Then, the poly‐dodecyl on the SiO2‐PIL+ broke down the barrier of biofilm. The results of HR‐MS and zeta potential indicated that SiO2‐PCe6-IL could change to positive (SiO2‐PIL+) in acidic environment. The interaction forces and morphology results proved that the SiO2‐PIL+ had a higher affinity to biofilm and could destroy the biofilm structure. Then, the photosensitizer was enriched in biofilm at sites of infection. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SiO2‐PCe6-IL could effectively eradicate oral biofilm infections and control of dental caries.
Analysis of Inducing Factors of Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease Caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at High Altitude through Epidemiological Investigation under Intelligent Medicine and Big Data
Authors: Huang Jiong , Dang Fulin
Published: January 2022

This study explores the risk factors of chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD) induced by plateau chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on intelligent medical treatment and big data of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Based on GPU, a wavelet algorithm is introduced to extract features of ECG signal, and it was combined with generalized regression neural network (GRNN) to improve classification accuracy. From June 2018 to December 2020, 10,185 patients diagnosed with COPD in the plateau area by pulmonary function testing, ECG, and chest X-ray at X Hospital are taken as the research objects to evaluate the distribution of CPHD incidence at different ages and altitudes. The running time of GTX780Ti is about 15 times shorter than that of CPU. The accuracy of N detection based on the GPU-accelerated neural network model reached 98.06%. Accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and positive rate (PR) of V were 99.03%, 89.17%, 98.92%, and 93.18%, respectively. The Acc, Se, Sp, and PR of S were 99.54%, 86.22%, 99.74%, and 92.56%, respectively. The GRNN classification accuracy was up to 98%. 19% of COPD patients were diagnosed with CPHD, including 1,409 males (72.82%) and 526 females (36.24%). The highest prevalence of CPHD was 64.60% when the altitude was 1,900–2,499 m, and the prevalence was only 2.43% when the altitude was ≥3,500 m. The highest prevalence of CPHD was 63.77% at the age of 61–70 years, and the lowest prevalence at the age of 15∼20 years was only 0.26%. Therefore, the GPU-based neural network model improved the classification accuracy of ECG signals. Age and altitude were risk factors for CPHD induced by high-altitude COPD, which provided a reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CPHD in high-altitude areas.
Speed Sensorless Control Based on Initial Rotor Position Detection for EESM
Authors: Cai Feng , Li Ke , Sun Xiaodong
Published: January 2022

Electrically excited synchronous motor (EESM) is widely used in many large equipment drives because of its strong overload capacity, high efficiency, and adjustable power factor. The research and development of a high-performance EESM control system can realize the high combination of energy-saving speed regulation and green environmental protection and has a high social effect and economic value. In this paper, the signal injection method is used to obtain the initial rotor position information of EESM. Sliding Fourier transform is used to improve the initial position angle detection method based on the rotor signal injection method, and the improved method is compared with the traditional voltage integration method. Rotor high-frequency signal injection method was used to detect the rotor position information of the motor during operation, and the influence of the damping winding on the rotor signal injection method was analyzed. On the premise that the damping winding had no influence on the method, a method of obtaining the rotor position information of EESM without a speed sensor was designed. Finally, the speed sensorless regulation system using the initial rotor position detection method is simulated, which verifies the accuracy of the proposed speed sensorless control scheme.
Design of Optimal Deep Learning-Based Pancreatic Tumor and Nontumor Classification Model Using Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Althobaiti Maha M. , Almulihi Ahmed , Ashour Amal Adnan , Mansour Romany F. , Gupta Deepak
Published: January 2022

Pancreatic tumor is a lethal kind of tumor and its prediction is really poor in the current scenario. Automated pancreatic tumor classification using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) model is necessary to track, predict, and classify the existence of pancreatic tumors. Artificial intelligence (AI) can offer extensive diagnostic expertise and accurate interventional image interpretation. With this motivation, this study designs an optimal deep learning based pancreatic tumor and nontumor classification (ODL-PTNTC) model using CT images. The goal of the ODL-PTNTC technique is to detect and classify the existence of pancreatic tumors and nontumor. The proposed ODL-PTNTC technique includes adaptive window filtering (AWF) technique to remove noise existing in it. In addition, sailfish optimizer based Kapur’s Thresholding (SFO-KT) technique is employed for image segmentation process. Moreover, feature extraction using Capsule Network (CapsNet) is derived to generate a set of feature vectors. Furthermore, Political Optimizer (PO) with Cascade Forward Neural Network (CFNN) is employed for classification purposes. In order to validate the enhanced performance of the ODL-PTNTC technique, a series of simulations take place and the results are investigated under several aspects. A comprehensive comparative results analysis stated the promising performance of the ODL-PTNTC technique over the recent approaches.
Mechanical Properties Evaluation and Crack Propagation Behavior in Dissimilar Metal Welded Joints of 304 L Austenitic Stainless Steel and SA508 Low-Alloy Steel
Authors: Sun Yuman , Xue He , Yang Fuqiang , Wang Shuai , Zhang Shun , He Jinxuan , Bashir Rehmat
Published: January 2022

The material mechanical properties and crack propagation behavior of dissimilar metal welded joint (DMWJ) of pressurized water reactor (PWR) was investigated. In this research, the mechanical parameters of the cladding layer materials (304L-SA508) of the DMWJ in PWRs were obtained by the continuous indentation test. Simultaneously, the user-defined (USDFLD) subroutine in ABAQUS was used to establish the heterogeneous materials model of the welded joint. On this basis, the local crack propagation path of DMWJs has been discussed based on the extended finite element method (XFEM). The result indicated that the strength value at the fusion boundary line (FB line) is the largest, and the yield strength reaches 689 MPa. The yield stress values of the cladding metal (304 L) and base metal (SA508) are 371 MPa and 501 MPa, respectively. Affected by the material constraint effect of the DMWJ, the crack will propagate through the FB line when the initial crack is perpendicular to the FB line. And when the initial crack parallels the FB line, the crack will deviate from it. Meanwhile, the crack propagation length is smaller as the initial crack tip is closer to the FB line when the load condition is constant.
Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Occurrence and Development of Gastric Cancer in High-Incidence Areas of Digestive Tract Tumors Based on High Methylation of GPX3 Gene
Authors: Xie Jiabei , Fu Lin , Zhang Jianmin
Published: January 2022

Stomach cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and it continues to be a reason for worry today. Inhalation of the stomach cancer risk factor H. pylori produces large levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When combined with glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. To get a better understanding of the GPX3 gene’s role in the illness, the researchers used quantitative real-time RT-PCR to examine the gene’s expression and regulation in gastric cancer cell lines, original gastric cancer samples, and 45 normal stomach mucosa adjacent to malignancies. According to the research, GPX3 expression was decreased or silenced in eight of nine cancer cell lines and 83 percent of gastric cancer samples (90/108) as compared to normal gastric tissues in the vicinity of the tumor (

P
<
0.0001

). It was found that 60 percent of stomach cancer samples exhibited DNA hypermethylation after analyzing the GPX3 promoter (

P
=
0.007

) (a methylation level of more than 10 percent, as measured by bisulfite pyrosequencing). In stomach tumors, we found a statistically significant reduction in the amount of GPX3 DNA copies (

P
<
0.001

). The gene expression of SNU1 and MKN28 cells was restored after treatment with 5-Aza-2′ Deoxycytidine to reduce GPX3 promoter methylation. Genetic and epigenetic alterations lead GPX3 to be dysfunctional in gastric cancer. This indicates that the systems that regulate ROS have been disrupted, and GPX3 may be implicated in the development of gastric cancer, as shown by our results when evaluated alone and in combination.
Antioxidant Activity of Valeriana fauriei Protects against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Kim Young In , Lee Hyunjung , Nirmala Farida S. , Seo Hyo-Deok , Ha Tae Youl , Jung Chang Hwa , Ahn Jiyun
Published: January 2022

Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined as wasting or loss of muscle. Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, their long-term or high-dose use induces skeletal muscle atrophy. Valeriana fauriei (VF) is used to treat restlessness, anxiety, and sleep disorders; however, its effects on skeletal muscle health have not been investigated. This study investigated whether Valeriana fauriei could ameliorate muscle atrophy. We induced muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo, by treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC. In DEX-induced myotube atrophy, Valeriana fauriei treatment increased the fusion index and decreased the expression of muscle atrophic genes such as muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx/Atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF1). In DEX-treated mice with muscle atrophy, Valeriana fauriei supplementation increased the ability to exercise, muscle weight, and cross-sectional area, whereas it inhibited myosin heavy chain isoform transition and the expression of muscle atrophy biomarkers. Valeriana fauriei treatment led to via the downregulation of muscle atrophic genes via inhibition of GC receptor translocation. Valeriana fauriei was also found to act as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Didrovaltrate (DI), an iridoid compound from Valeriana fauriei, was found to downregulate atrophic genes and decrease ROS in the DEX-induced myotube atrophy. Consolidated, our results indicate that Valeriana fauriei prevents DEX-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting GC receptor translocation. Further, Valeriana fauriei acts as a ROS scavenger, and its functional compound is didrovaltrate. We suggest that Valeriana fauriei and its functional compound didrovaltrate possess therapeutic potentials against muscle atrophy.
Gene Differential Expression and Interaction Networks Illustrate the Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Zhang Benzhuo , Huang Wei , Yi Mingquan , Xing Chunxu
Published: January 2022

Atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI) seriously threatens the health of the senile patients, and the strategies are urgent for the diagnosis and treatment of ACI. This study investigated the mRNA profiling of the patients with ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis via excavating the datasets in the GEO database and attempted to reveal the biomarkers and molecular mechanism of ACI. In this study, GES16561 and GES100927 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with R language. Furthermore, the DEGs were analyzed with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Besides, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was analyzed by STRING database and Cytoscape. The results showed that 133 downregulated DEGs and 234 upregulated DEGs were found in GES16561, 25 downregulated DEGs and 104 upregulated DEGs were found in GSE100927, and 6 common genes were found in GES16561 and GES100927. GO enrichment analysis showed that the functional models of the common genes were involved in neutrophil activation, neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation, and immune response. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in both GSE100927 and GSE16561 were connected with the pathways including Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Phagosome, Antigen processing and presentation, and Staphylococcus aureus infection. The PPI network analysis showed that 9 common DEGs were found in GSE100927 and GSE16561, and a cluster with 6 nodes and 12 edges was also identified by PPI network analysis. In conclusion, this study suggested that FCGR3A and MAPK pathways were connected with ACI.
Acidic Tumor Microenvironment Promotes Pancreatic Cancer through miR-451a/MEF2D Axis
Authors: Xu Jingyong , Li Yao , Li Zhe , Shao Weiwei , Song Jinghai , Wei Junmin
Published: January 2022

Pancreatic cancer (PC), as a highly malignant and aggressive solid tumor, is common in the digestive system. The acidic microenvironment is one of the critical markers of cancer. Nonetheless, there are few studies on how the acidic microenvironment affects the development of PC. This study focused on investigating the specific molecular mechanisms of the acidic microenvironment in PC. In our study, qRT-PCR was conducted for examining microRNA (miR)-451a and myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) expressions in PANC-1 cells. Then, detailed functional effects of an acidic environment on miR-451a and MEF2D in PANC-1 cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell, mitochondrial functionality measurement, JC-1 staining, DCFH-DA staining, and sphere formation assays. The relationship between miR-451a and MEF2D was confirmed by luciferase reporter analysis. Under acidic conditions, the increase of proliferation, migration, and invasion of PANC-1 cells was observed. Moreover, the mitochondrial oxidative respiration-related gene miR-451a was reduced in acidic conditions. In addition, we found that, in PANC-1 cells under an acidic environment, miR-451a overexpression enhanced oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, and ROS generation and inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness via sponging MEF2D. In a word, our results revealed that the acidic microenvironment regulated PC progression by affecting the miR-451a/MEF2D axis, indicating a novel avenue for the future treatment of PC.