bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rubber dam clamps: friend or foe?
Authors: Martin Dinesh , Rahman Asad
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have reignited our passion for the rubber dam, the ambition being reduction in potentially contaminated patient aerosols. However, following the 2015 Montgomery ruling, are we consenting patients properly? The rubber dam is the standard of care for some procedures, with a metal clamp used most often. This paper highlights some of the dangers of metal clamps and recommends strategies for mitigating either an embarrassing or a potentially catastrophic event.
Psychological experiences of family carers of people with spinal cord injury paraplegia: an explorative qualitative study
Authors: Vithana K.V.G.S.G. , Asurakkody T.A. , Perera D.P.
Published: May 2023

Spinal cord injury paraplegia is a significant health problem in Sri Lanka. This study explores the psychological experiences of family carers of people with such a condition. A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted with 17 parent, sibling, spouse and adult carers. Thematic analysis revealed four themes related to: carer emotions regarding the caring process; feelings related to the family member’s condition; beliefs beyond the physical world; and behaviour changes due to psychological distress. The findings will help develop interventions for the psychological needs of Sri Lankan carers and may provide insight into the experiences of similar Asian communities living globally.
Carers’ experiences of the transition of people with dementia into residential aged care: a narrative analysis
Authors: Wright Faye , Breheny Mary , Gibson Rosemary
Published: May 2023

This study represents the experiences of informal carers of people with dementia concerning periods of transition into formal care. Retrospective interviews with 18 carers identified the key narratives: ‘This is why I had to’, ‘They said I need to’ and ‘It was a last resort’. These indicate a sense of carers’ responsibility in decision making and the undesirable assumptions around the move. However, the narrative of ‘I made the right decision’ was common after transition. Findings represent the nuanced carer experience around transitions, providing insight into the experiences of families living with dementia and informing future care planning.
Real-time machine-learning-driven control system of a deformable mirror for achieving aberration-free X-ray wavefronts
Authors: Rebuffi Luca , Shi Xianbo , Qiao Zhi , Highland Matthew J. , Frith Matthew G. , Wojdyla Antoine , Goldberg Kenneth A. , Assoufid Lahsen
Published: May 2023

A neural-network machine learning model is developed to control a bimorph adaptive mirror to achieve and preserve aberration-free coherent X-ray wavefronts at synchrotron radiation and free electron laser beamlines. The controller is trained on a mirror actuator response directly measured at a beamline with a real-time single-shot wavefront sensor, which uses a coded mask and wavelet-transform analysis. The system has been successfully tested on a bimorph deformable mirror at the 28-ID IDEA beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. It achieved a response time of a few seconds and maintained desired wavefront shapes (e.g., a spherical wavefront) with sub-wavelength accuracy at 20 keV of X-ray energy. This result is significantly better than what can be obtained using a linear model of the mirror’s response. The developed system has not been tailored to a specific mirror and can be applied, in principle, to different kinds of bending mechanisms and actuators.
Generalized surface admittance equivalence principle for super-scattering in dielectric particles
Authors: Labate Giuseppe , Monticone Francesco , Alù Andrea
Published: May 2023

A general formulation for controlling the external scattering
coefficients of cylindrical harmonics is presented, generalizing
previous results for cloaking of a bare dielectric particle. By
inserting a suitable surface admittance at the boundary between a
dielectric body and the background region, cylindrical harmonic waves
can be enhanced by tailoring the admittance value. Two separate
limiting cases for super-scattering features are presented and
compared against the same bare particle reference case, providing
insights on how to enhance the multi-harmonic scattering pattern.
Using this formulation, super-scattering systems can be created, which
are suitable for future implementation using active or passive thin
metasurfaces.
Comparing the thermal performance and endurance of resistive and PIN silicon microheaters for phase-change photonic applications
Authors: Erickson John R. , Nobile Nicholas A. , Vaz Daniel , Vinod Gouri , Ríos Ocampo Carlos A. , Zhang Yifei , Hu Juejun , Vitale Steven A. , Xiong Feng , Youngblood Nathan
Published: May 2023

Optical phase-change materials have enabled nonvolatile programmability in integrated photonic circuits by leveraging a reversible phase transition between amorphous and crystalline states. To control these materials in a scalable manner on-chip, heating the waveguide itself via electrical currents is an attractive option which has been recently explored using various approaches. Here, we compare the heating efficiency, fabrication variability, and endurance of two promising heater designs which can be easily integrated into silicon waveguides—a resistive microheater using n-doped silicon and one using a silicon p-type/intrinsic/n-type (PIN) junction. Raman thermometry is used to characterize the heating efficiencies of these microheaters, showing that both devices can achieve similar peak temperatures but revealing damage in the PIN devices. Subsequent endurance testing and characterization of both device types provide further insights into the reliability and potential damage mechanisms that can arise in electrically programmable phase-change photonic devices.
Data integration between clinical research and patient care: A framework for context-depending data sharing and in silico predictions
Authors: Hoffmann Katja , Pelz Anne , Karg Elena , Gottschalk Andrea , Zerjatke Thomas , Schuster Silvio , Böhme Heiko , Glauche Ingmar , Roeder Ingo
Published: May 2023

The transfer of new insights from basic or clinical research into clinical routine is usually a lengthy and time-consuming process. Conversely, there are still many barriers to directly provide and use routine data in the context of basic and clinical research. In particular, no coherent software solution is available that allows a convenient and immediate bidirectional transfer of data between concrete treatment contexts and research settings. Here, we present a generic framework that integrates health data (e.g., clinical, molecular) and computational analytics (e.g., model predictions, statistical evaluations, visualizations) into a clinical software solution which simultaneously supports both patient-specific healthcare decisions and research efforts, while also adhering to the requirements for data protection and data quality. Specifically, our work is based on a recently established generic data management concept, for which we designed and implemented a web-based software framework that integrates data analysis, visualization as well as computer simulation and model prediction with audit trail functionality and a regulation-compliant pseudonymization service. Within the front-end application, we established two tailored views: a clinical (i.e., treatment context) perspective focusing on patient-specific data visualization, analysis and outcome prediction and a research perspective focusing on the exploration of pseudonymized data. We illustrate the application of our generic framework by two use-cases from the field of haematology/oncology. Our implementation demonstrates the feasibility of an integrated generation and backward propagation of data analysis results and model predictions at an individual patient level into clinical decision-making processes while enabling seamless integration into a clinical information system or an electronic health record.
Protocol for a systematic review of long-term physical sequelae and financial burden of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Clements Archie C. A. , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher , Alene Kefyalew Addis
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are major public health threats that are significant causes of physical sequelae and financial consequences for infected people. Treatment for MDR- and XDR-TB are more toxic and take longer duration than for drug-susceptible-TB. As a result, the long-term sequelae are thought to be more common among patients with MDR- and XDR-TB than drug-susceptible-TB, but this is yet to be quantified. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to quantify the global burden and types of long-term physical sequelae and financial burden associated with both MDR- and XDR-TB.

Method and analysis

We will search CINHAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of science for studies that report physical and financial sequelae associated with rifampicin-resistant (RR), MDR- and XDR-TB or their treatments. The search will be conducted without time, language, and place restrictions. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of each physical sequela. Heterogeneity will be measured using the Higgins I2 statistics. We will assess publication bias visually using the funnel plot and statistically using Egger’s test. Adjustments for publication basis will be made using Tweedie’s and Duval Trim and Fill analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Since the study is based on published evidence, ethics approval is not required. The findings of the systematic review will be presented at various conferences and will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Protocol registration

The protocol is published in the PROSPERO with registration number CRD42021250909.
Citizen way: Co-created citizen science meets convivial food design
Authors: Samuels-Ballantyne Emily , Vodeb Oliver
Published: May 2023

This research approaches co-created citizen science from an interdisciplinary design perspective and is aligned with ideals of democratic and participatory co-creation of knowledge, its dissemination and implementation. We propose a new theoretical and practical design framework to be added to citizen science: convivial food system design. Convivial food system design is a new relational and tactical way to approach the development of a regenerative food system. Citizen science approaches can also benefit convivial food system design through activating communities of practice to share their insights and actively participate in co-food systems design processes. The integration of convivial food systems design and citizen science offers a deep, holistic and radical relation between amateur, civic and academic (scientific) knowledge in the production of alternatives to industrial food systems. This article shows the possibilities and potentials of this new conceptual integration through a theoretical framework and case study ‘experiment’ – the Huon Valley Food Hub project, Tasmania, Australia.
Digital strategies and third-party platforms: How Nordic public service media are reframing their audio strategies for the future
Authors: Lindeberg Aura
Published: May 2023

Nordic broadcasters have created guidelines that will shape their future radio and audio offerings. As large international enterprises occupy increasing shares of national audio markets, Nordic broadcasters are reconsidering their relationships with third-party platforms. For example, the Finnish Yleisradio (Yle) decided to close one of its FM radio channels. At the same time, the company removed its podcasts from third-party platforms. Currently, Yle aims to substantially increase its podcast offerings on its own digital platform. This comparative study of four public service media (PSM) organizations in Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway and their audio strategies shows that the experts responsible for developing audio services have increasing doubts regarding the distribution of their content on third-party platforms. This study suggests that PSMs’ relationships with third-party platforms have become more complex than before, challenging the core PSM value of universalism. The study also argues that national media policies are incapable of regulating international audio distribution.
A categorization of the consequences of entrepreneurial failure
Authors: Repisky Máté
Published: May 2023

A bizonytalanság és kockázat a vállalkozói lét alapelemei, így a legtöbb vállalkozó megtapasztalja a kudarcot is, ami számos módon hathat a vállalkozó életére. Annak ellenére, hogy több, korábbi kutatás kísérletet tett ezek rendszerezésére, egyik se tudta maradéktalanul lefedni a következmények teljes skáláját. Jelen kvalitatív, narratív interjús kutatás fő célja az volt, hogy egy használható kudarc következmény rendszerezést alkosson. A szakirodalmi és 16 vállalkozóval készült kutatás alapján a kudarc következményei 6 nagy kategóriába (és 24 alkategóriába) rendszerezhetők: pénzügyi, pszichológiai, társas, szakmai, jogi és fiziológiai következmények. Az eredmények alapján kijelenthető, hogy nem minden vállalkozó számára negatív élmény a kudarc, sőt sokuk számára a negatív és pozitív következmények kiegyenlítik egymást, vagy nem igazán hat rájuk a kudarc. A szerző az elemzés során bemutatja az egyes következménykategóriák közötti lehetséges kölcsönhatásokat és az azonosított magkövetkezményeket is.
Venous Inflammation
Authors: Stibbs Peter
Published: May 2023

Venous inflammation, a critical component of many venous disorders, plays a significant role in the pathophysiologyand progression of venous diseases. This paper provides a comprehensive scientific discussion on the pathophysiology,molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of venous inflammation. Understanding these aspects is essential forthe development of targeted therapeutic strategies to manage and prevent venous disorders.
Теоретико-методологические основы исследования активного долголетия
Authors: Калачикова Ольга Николаевна , Короленко Александра Владимировна , Нацун Лейла Натиговна
Published: May 2023

В статье концептуализируется и операционализируется активное долголетие как социальное явление и основание политики в отношении качества жизни населения старших возрастов. Сохранение социально-экономического потенциала пожилых людей обычно рассматривается в рамках концепций «успешного старения», «продуктивного старения», «гармоничного старения», «здорового старения» и «активного старения», но с точки зрения семантики русского языка более приемлем термин «активное долголетие», снимающий негативную коннотацию старения. Авторы выявили компоненты и факторы активного долголетия, предложили разделение последних на внутренние, связанные с поведением человека (установки, мотивы и действия), и внешние, отражающие условия среды (доступность инфраструктуры, общественное одобрение, уровень жизни). Особенность предлагаемого подхода заключается в понимании активного долголетия как социального явления, включающего распространение среди населения ценностей и поведенческих практик, ориентированных на поддержание в течение всей жизни здоровья и хорошего самочувствия, социальных связей, развитие и сохранение трудовой, творческой и интеллектуальной активности, обеспечивающих самореализацию и удовлетворенность жизнью, эффективное использование человеческого потенциала всех возрастных групп населения.
Обзор методик измерения активного долголетия показал их ориентированность на оценку здоровья и социальной инфраструктуры. Их ограничения связаны с сопоставимостью данных, полученных с помощью социологических исследований. Наиболее близок к решению задачи по созданию интегрального индикатора активного долголетия для России Индекс человеческих возможностей пожилых людей в России (HCERI), разработанный С. Дэвисом.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и БРФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-511-00036 Бел_а «Внедрение концепции активного долголетия в России и Беларуси в условиях необратимости демографического старения».
«Почитала, еще меньше вакцинироваться захотелось»: онлайн-дискурс вакцинной нерешительности
Authors: Дудина Виктория Ивановна , Сайфулина Виктория Олеговна
Published: May 2023

Вакцинная нерешительность рассматривается Всемирной организацией здравоохранения как одна из глобальных угроз здоровью человечества. Тема вакцинной нерешительности в современном мире тесно связана с проблематикой онлайн-коммуникации. Множество комментариев в социальных сетях посвящены свойствам вакцины от СOVID-19, обсуждению сомнений в безопасности вакцинации и ее необходимости, что является одним из проявлений феномена вакцинной нерешительности. Понимание современного дискурса вакцинной нерешительности невозможно без изучения структуры и особенностей обсуждений темы вакцинации в социальных сетях. Цель исследования состояла в анализе и описании тематической структуры дискурса вакцинной нерешительности по поводу вакцинации от СOVID-19 в русскоязычном сегменте сети интернет. Теоретическую основу исследования составили концепция вакцинной нерешительности и теория социальных представлений. Данные были собраны в русскоязычной социальной сети «ВКонтакте». Был проведен тематический анализ комментариев к постам в четырех новостных сообществах этой социальной сети. В результате исследования были выделены основные темы, составляющие содержание онлайн-дискурса вакцинной нерешительности. Дискурс вакцинной нерешительности, представленный в проанализированных комментариях, составляют четыре темы: рискованность вакцинации; неэффективность вакцинации; ненужность вакцинации; несправедливость вакцинации. В ходе исследования были идентифицированы понятия и категории, составляющие ядро и периферию социальных представлений, формирующих онлайн-дискурс вакцинной нерешительности.
Благодарность. Работа выполнена при поддержке РНФ, проект № 22-18-00261.
Финансовые и инструментальные трансферты в семьях пожилых респондентов в России и Эстонии: есть ли этнокультурные различия?
Authors: Синявская Оксана Вячеславовна , Козлов Владимир Александрович , Гудкова Татьяна Борисовна
Published: May 2023

В рамках исследования рассматривается обмен как финансовыми (денежные средства или их близкие эквиваленты), так и инструментальными (помощь в уходе или по хозяйству) трансфертами пожилых респондентов с другими членами расширенной семьи, проживающими или не проживающими с ними, а также особенности ухода пожилых респондентов за внуками.
Авторы опираются на базу данных международного исследования SHARE, проведенного в России в 2021 г. и регулярно проводимого в Эстонии (анализируется волна 2015 г.), и с использованием бинарной логистической регрессии анализируют факторы получения и передачи трансфертов респондентами 50 лет и старше.
Отталкиваясь от ранее проведенных в других странах исследований и учитывая ограничения данных, авторы работы предполагали увидеть этнические различия в обменах финансовыми ресурсами в большей степени, чем инструментальной поддержкой; в получении денежных трансфертов — больше, чем в их передаче. Результаты проведенного исследования отчасти подтвердили сформулированные в статье гипотезы, выявив слабое и неустойчивое влияние этнической принадлежности на включенность людей старшего возраста в межсемейные обмены. Только при контроле прочих факторов (включая образование и особенно доход), принадлежность к этнической группе, отличной от доминирующей в стране, повышает вероятность участия в обмене (как передаче, так и получении) финансовыми трансфертами, но за, редким исключением, не оказывает значимого влияния на вероятность участия в обмене инструментальными трансфертами и совсем не дифференцирует уход за внуками.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено под эгидой программы «ERA.Net RUS plus» (грант RUS_ST2019-423— LifeTraR), О. Синявская и Т. Гудкова благодарят за финансовую поддержку научный проект РФФИ  № 20-511-76006.
Не отмена традиций, а дополнение. Как следование технологическому прогрессу меняет состав и практики журналистских редакций. Рец. на кн.: Kosterich A. (2022) News Nerds: Institutional Change in Journalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Authors: Литвинова Александра Игоревна
Published: May 2023

Технологический прогресс не изменил суть журналистской профессии, но стал основой для ее институционального расширения. К такому выводу приходит автор книги «News Nerds: Institutional Change in Journalism» Элли Костерич. Она описывает сотрудников современных профессиональных редакций, работающих на стыке журналистики и технологий, и то, как они меняют профессию. В рецензии представлены основные вопросы, поднятые исследовательницей, описана методология ее исследования, приведены ключевые выводы.
Fabrication of polylactic acid nanofibrous yarns for piezoelectric fabrics
Authors: Meng Xin , Jia Xiaoyu , Qi Yuanzhang , Miao Dagang , Yan Xu
Published: May 2023

With the rapid development of smart wearable devices and the urgent demands for new energy resources, fibrous flexible power supply units had attracted a lot of interest. Here, we reported the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA) piezoelectric nanofibrous yarn-based fabric through conjugated electrospinning and weaving process. Five kinds of PLA yarns including poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), poly(d-lactide) (PDLA), PLLA positive/PDLA negative, PDLA positive/PLLA negative, and PLLA/PDLA mixture (1:1 w/w) ones were prepared and investigated. Among these, the PLLA/PDLA yarn had more uniform and oriented structure with 301 MPa tensile strength, which could meet the requirement of weaving. A 4 cm × 4 cm woven PLLA/PDLA fabric could provide a maximum current of 90.86 nA and a voltage of 8.69 V under 5 N force, and the piezoelectricity could be enhanced by the fabric area and the applied force. This approach may be helpful for the design of wearing generators.
Introduction: language contact and linguistic dynamics – speakers, speaker groups, and linguistic structures
Authors: Winter-Froemel Esme , Ellena Sandra , Goldschmitt Stefanie
Published: May 2023

The introductory paper to the special issue summarises key aspects of contact-related linguistic dynamics such as the communicative interfaces of modern complex societies, the multi-layered textual and discoursal repertoire of their speaker groups and the role of the speakers’ cognitive mechanisms, social identity, and interactional strategies in settings of language contact. Giving an overview of the contributions, it aims to connect classic topics of language contact research with recent theoretical and methodological approaches investigated in the papers, and to highlight interconnections and interdisciplinary links that can stimulate further research on linguistic variation and change.
Green nanoarchitectonics of the silver nanocrystal potential for treating malaria and their cytotoxic effects on the kidney Vero cell line
Authors: Shater Abdullah F. , Saleh Fayez M. , Mohammedsaleh Zuhair M. , Gattan Hattan , Al-Ahmadi Bassam M. , Saeedi Nizar H. , Jalal Mohammed M. , Panneerselvam Chellasamy
Published: May 2023

This study focused on testing manufactured silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum and the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi using the plant filtrate from Madhuca longifolia. The M. longifolia leaf extracts were used to synthesize the AgNPs, which were then subjected to several physicochemical methods to determine their characteristics. To evaluate the effectiveness of the green produced AgNP therapy, the mosquitocidal activity of A. stephensi, cytotoxicity assay in Vero cells, and antiplasmodial activity assay were performed. The larval and pupal toxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs against the malarial vector A. stephensi is 90% promising in laboratory settings at low dosages (10 ppm). When tested on African green monkey kidney cells, the cytotoxic effect of biosynthesized materials was found to be inappropriately damaging up to 100 g·mL−1. The antimalarial efficacy of AgNPs was evaluated against P. falciparum strains. The parasites that were restrained by AgNPs at 100 ppm had the highest parasitemia restraint rate (80.4%). AgNPs then showed significant in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum. Our findings suggested that the biosynthesized AgNPs might function as a novel antimalarial agent that is both safer for the environment and a barrier to infections spread by mosquitoes.
Preparation of Zr-MOFs for the adsorption of doxycycline hydrochloride from wastewater
Authors: Ren Qinhui , Ma Yufu , Wei Fuhua , Qin Lan , Chen Hongliang , Liang Zhao , Wang Siyuan
Published: May 2023

Zr-metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) were prepared by a solvothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry. Zr-MOFs were used to remove doxycycline hydrochloride (DOC) from wastewater. According to the experimental results, the maximum adsorption capacity of DOC by Zr-MOFs within 5 h was 148.7 mg·g−1. From the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, all R
2 values were greater than 0.99, which proved that the adsorption of DOC by Zr-MOFs was consistent with practice. According to the Freundlich isotherm model, the adsorption of DOC by Zr-MOFs proceeded via multilayer adsorption. The aforementioned results show that Zr-MOFs have good application prospects for removing DOC from wastewater.
Thermophysical characterization of mustard husk (MSH) and MSH char synthesized by the microwave pyrolysis of MSH
Authors: Verma Akanksha , Tripathi Manoj
Published: May 2023

Thermophysical properties are calculated to determine performance parameters comprising specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and they are directly related to the dynamics of the material at atomic level and for thermal treatment of mustard husk (MSH) and MSH char, they play a vital role. Temperature dependence of thermophysical properties of MSH and MSH char have been investigated within the temperature range between 30 and 110 °C. MSH char is synthesized by the microwave pyrolysis of MSH. Thermogravimetric analysis of MSH and MSH char confirmed that MSH is more thermally stable as compared to MSH char. Moreover, it gave information about the degradation behaviour of MSH and MSH char. Thermophysical properties are measured by thermal analyser, based on the transient hot wire technique which is suitable to measure the thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. At room temperature, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of MSH are 0.187 W m−1 K−1 and 0.132 mm2 s−1, respectively. Specific heat capacity of MSH and MSH char are found to be almost same (1.349 kJ kg−1 K−1 for MSH and 1.310 kJ kg−1 K−1 for MSH char). Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values are decreasing on increasing the temperature while specific heat capacity is increasing linearly on increasing the temperature. Low thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values of MSH imply that the conventional conductive heating is less effective and inefficient for the thermal treatment of MSH.
Estimation in the Presence of Heteroskedasticity of Unknown Form: A Lasso-based Approach
Authors: González-Coya Emilio , Perron Pierre
Published: May 2023

We study the Feasible Generalized Least-Squares (FGLS) estimation of the parameters of a linear regression model in the presence of heteroskedasticity of unknown form in the errors. We suggest a Lasso based procedure to estimate the skedastic function of the residuals. The advantage of using Lasso is that it can handle a large number of potential covariates, yet still yields a parsimonious specification. Using extensive simulation experiments, we show that our suggested procedure always provide some improvements in the precision of the parameter of interest (lower Mean-Squared Errors) when heteroskedasticity is present and is equivalent to OLS when there is none. It also performs better than previously suggested procedures. Since the fitted value of the skedastic function falls short of the true specification, we form confidence intervals using a bias-corrected version of the usual heteroskedasticity-robust covariance matrix estimator. These have the correct size and substantially shorter length than when using OLS. Our method is applicable to both cross-section (with a random sample) and time series models, though here we concentrate on the former.
Editors’ Perceptions and Views on Journal Quality: The Case of Iran’s Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Ghane Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2023

The study aimed to determine the perceptions and views of Iranian editors about the quality of journals, articles, the responsibilities of the editorial team, review and the review process, copyright and intellectual property, consequences of open access (OA), and influential factors in the scientific life cycle of a journal. The study adopted a qualitative approach using interviews. Respondents included 13 editors of journals. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used for the interview. The results showed that the editor’s main tasks were to supervise the reviewers’ performance, initially control the article, and send it to the reviewers. Participants believed that compliance with professional standards was the main factor influencing the scientific quality of publications. Their understanding of the ethical codes includes impartiality and confidentiality in evaluation and publication. In light of the fact that reviewers often perform superficial reviews, the editors viewed them as poor-quality. They stated that intellectual property is not valued and observed in many cases. Some participants mentioned the negative consequences of open access (OA). However, they think OA bears more positive than adverse outcomes. Observance of these factors is ultimately essential for the survival of a scientific journal.
Classical solutions to Cauchy problems for parabolic–elliptic systems of Keller-Segel type
Authors: Winkler Michael
Published: May 2023

The Cauchy problem in

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

,

n
≥
2

n\ge 2

, for

u

t

=
Δ
u
−

∇

⋅

(

u
S
⋅

∇

v

)

,

0
=
Δ
v
+
u
,

(

⋆

)

\begin{array}{r}\left\{\phantom{\rule[-1.25em]{}{0ex}}\begin{array}{l}{u}_{t}=\Delta u-\nabla \cdot \left(uS\cdot \nabla v),\\ 0=\Delta v+u,\end{array}\right.\hspace{2.0em}\hspace{2.0em}\hspace{2.0em}\left(\star )\end{array}

is considered for general matrices

S
∈

R

n
×
n

S\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{n\times n}

. A theory of local-in-time classical existence and extensibility is developed in a framework that differs from those considered in large parts of the literature by involving bounded classical solutions. Specifically, it is shown that for all non-negative initial data belonging to

BUC

(

R

n

)

∩

L

p

(

R

n

)

{\rm{BUC}}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})\cap {L}^{p}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})

with some

p
∈

[

1
,
n

)

p\in \left[1,n)

, there exist

T

max

∈

(

0
,
∞

]

{T}_{\max }\in \left(0,\infty ]

and a uniquely determined

u
∈

C

0

(

[

0
,

T

max

)

;

BUC

(

R

n

)

)

∩

C

0

(

[

0
,

T

max

)

;

L

p

(

R

n

)

)

∩

C

∞

(

R

n

×

(

0
,

T

max

)

)

u\in {C}^{0}\left(\left[0,{T}_{\max });\hspace{0.33em}{\rm{BUC}}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}))\cap {C}^{0}\left(\left[0,{T}_{\max });\hspace{0.33em}{L}^{p}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}))\cap {C}^{\infty }\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}\times \left(0,{T}_{\max }))

such that with

v
≔
Γ
⋆
u

v:= \Gamma \star u

, and with

Γ

\Gamma

denoting the Newtonian kernel on

R

n

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

, the pair

(

u
,
v

)

\left(u,v)

forms a classical solution of (

⋆

\star

) in

R

n

×

(

0
,

T

max

)

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}\times \left(0,{T}_{\max })

, which has the property that

if

T

max

<
∞
,

then both

limsup

t
↗

T

max

‖
u

(

⋅
,
t

)

‖

L

∞

(

R

n

)

=
∞

and

limsup

t
↗

T

max

‖

∇

v

(

⋅
,
t

)

‖

L

∞

(

R

n

)

=
∞
.

\hspace{0.1em}\text{if}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{T}_{\max }\lt \infty ,\hspace{1.0em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{then both}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\mathop{\mathrm{limsup}}\limits_{t\nearrow {T}_{\max }}\Vert u\left(\cdot ,t){\Vert }_{{L}^{\infty }\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})}=\infty \hspace{1.0em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{and}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{1.0em}\mathop{\mathrm{limsup}}\limits_{t\nearrow {T}_{\max }}\Vert \nabla v\left(\cdot ,t){\Vert }_{{L}^{\infty }\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})}=\infty .

An exemplary application of this provides a result on global classical solvability in cases when

∣
S
+
1
∣

| S+{\bf{1}}|

is sufficiently small, where

1
=
diag

(

1
,

…

,
1

)

{\bf{1}}={\rm{diag}}\hspace{0.33em}\left(1,\ldots ,1)

.
A chiral inverse Faraday effect mediated by an inversely designed plasmonic antenna
Authors: Mou Ye , Yang Xingyu , Gallas Bruno , Mivelle Mathieu
Published: May 2023

The inverse Faraday effect is a magneto-optical process allowing the magnetization of matter by an optical excitation carrying a non-zero spin of light. This phenomenon was considered until now as symmetric; right or left circular polarizations generate magnetic fields oriented in the direction of light propagation or in the counter-propagating direction. Here, we demonstrate that by manipulating the spin density of light in a plasmonic nanostructure, we generate a chiral inverse Faraday effect, creating a strong magnetic field of 500 mT only for one helicity of the light, the opposite helicity producing this effect only for the mirror structure. This new optical concept opens the way to the generation of magnetic fields with unpolarized light, finding application in the ultrafast manipulation of magnetic domains and processes, such as spin precession, spin currents and waves, magnetic skyrmion or magnetic circular dichroism, with direct applications in data storage and data processing technologies.
Eine römische Villa im Barbaricum, 300 km vom Limes entfernt? Erste Forschungsergebnisse zur „Römischen Station“ bei Buzovycja
Authors: Petrauskas Oleg , Bondar K. , Didenko S. , Avramenko M.
Published: May 2023

In den Jahren 2020–2021 wurde bei Buzovycja (Ukraine, Černivci Gebiet) ein Fundplatz klar römischen Ursprungs entdeckt. Erste Feldforschungen im Jahr 2020 ließen bereits die Existenz von Gebäuden vermuten, die nach römischer Bautradition errichtet wurden. Auf der Geländeoberfläche zeichneten sich an mehreren Stellen spezifische architektonische Überreste ab. Solche Anhäufungen enthielten neben den üblichen Funden der Černjachiv-Kultur auch Ziegelstein-, Mörtel- und Steinfragmente. Nach den Ergebnissen einer 2021 durchgeführten geomagnetischen Messung wurde für Probegrabungen eine vielversprechende Anomalie im zentralen Teil der Siedlungsstelle ausgewählt. Die Hauptaufgabe dann erfolgten archäologischen Ausgrabungen bestand darin, den architektonischen Typ des Objekts zu bestimmen und diesen zu datieren. Die Ausgrabung brachte einen Gebäudebereich zu Tage, der aus Ziegeln, Steinen und Kalkmörtel errichtet wurde. Die Breite des Gebäudes betrug ca. 9,3 m, die mögliche Länge kann auf ca. 20 m geschätzt werden. Der freigelegte Gebäudeboden befand sich 1,4 m tief unter dem heutigen Oberflächenniveau und bestand aus mit Kalkstein angereichertem wasserdichtem Estrichmörtel.

Im Nordteil des Gebäudes konnten auf dem Betonboden drei runde Ziegelsteine entdeckt werden, von denen eine an Ort und Stelle fixiert wurde. Stellenweise fanden sich komplette Ziegelblöcke, die bis zu vier Lagen zählten und mittels Kalkmörtel verbunden waren. Im Gebäude konnten eine Reihe von Funden geborgen werden. Dazu zählte Černjachiv-Keramik, Forlimpopoli-Amphoren, Amphorenständer, Glasperlen, eine Eisenkette und weitere Objekte mehr. Die Analyse der Funde und der Gebäudereste erbrachte, dass das Gebäude in spätrömische Zeit datiert (3.– Mitte 5. Jahrhundert n. Chr.). Die geborgenen Reste der Baukeramik und der Mörtel weisen darauf hin, dass es in römischer Architekturtradition errichtet wurde. Das Vorhandensein rechteckiger und runder Ziegelblöcke in einer Zerstörungsschicht deuten darauf hin, dass das Gebäude ein Hypocaustum hatte. Die sonstigen archäologischen Funde aus der Fundstelle Buzovycja-1 gehören hauptsächlich zur Černjachiv-Kultur. Gedeutet wird der Gesamtbefund nach gegenwärtigem Untersuchungsstand als einheimische Siedlung mit in diesem errichteten Gebäude in römischer Bautradition.
Utilization of electron beam irradiated carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/banana peels composite film for remediation of dyes from wastewater
Authors: Gad Yasser H. , Ahmed Nehad A. , El-Nemr Khaled F.
Published: May 2023

In this work, polymeric composite films were fabricated utilizing stable, non-toxic, soluble, low-cost, good mechanical, and biocompatible polymers such as CMC and PVA with the waste of one of the most current fruits consumed worldwide banana peel waste (BP) as a filler. Sequences of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/banana peel (CMC/PVA/BP) composite films with various amounts of BP utilizing eco-friendly technique (electron beam) (EB) irradiation were prepared to eliminate common hazardous organic pollutants such as methylene blue (MB) dye from its solutions. Physical characteristics like; swelling and gel % were examined. The chemical structure, thermal stability, and surface morphology were examined utilizing FT-IR, TGA, DSC, XRD, EDX, and SEM. Additionally, the UV/Vis spectroscopy study was investigated to study the impact of the various parameters such as irradiation, contact time, pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration on removal efficiency % of MB dye onto the prepared composite films. The adsorption process fitted with the Langmuir model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, endothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of MB dye onto the CMC/PVA/BP composite film was 19.6 mg/g at the optimum conditions: irradiation dose = 20 kGy, contact time = 120 min, pH = 10, temperature = 25 °C, adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g and initial conc. = 10 mg/L.
Experimental study on the influence of high-frequency vibratory mixing on concrete performance
Authors: Wu Zhao , Rongfang Wang
Published: May 2023

The method and parameter of mixing are crucial to the quality of concrete, and ordinary vibratory mixing is beneficial to the performance of concrete, which has been explored in numerous studies. In order to study the influence of high-frequency vibratory mixing on the performance of concrete more accurately, ordinary concrete C40, C50 steel fiber concrete, and C60 high-strength concrete are selected to make reach experiments in the article. After determining the optimum mixing ratio, the contrast experiment on forced mixing and high-frequency vibratory mixing (which at a given frequency) was operated first, which is for studying the improvement of workability and mechanical properties of concrete by vibratory mixing and then exploring the change of concrete performance under different vibration frequency in slump test, compressive strength test, and freeze–thaw test. The results indicate that compared with forced mixing, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete all have been proposed in different ages (3 days, 7 days, and 28 days) with vibratory concrete mixing, and C50 steel fiber concrete has the highest compressive strength improvement rate. There is a deviation in the mechanism of concrete in different ages, which is affected by high-frequency vibration. But in the context of the whole test, high-frequency vibratory mixing is helpful for the working properties, mechanical properties, and durability of the concrete. Within the scope of the frequency values in the test, the best vibration frequency for C40 ordinary concrete is 190 Hz, and in 212 Hz, C50 steel fiber concrete and C60 high-frequency concrete present the best performance.
Azekah – The Hometown of Micah the Moreshtite
Authors: Lipschits Oded , Wöhrle Jakob
Published: May 2023

This article deals with the oft-debated identification of Moresheth Gath, mentioned in the book of Micah as the prophet’s hometown. Based on comprehensive analysis of texts from the early Christian period, the Amarna archive and the book of Micah, the authors claim for the first time that Moresheth Gath is to be identified with Azekah, the economically and strategically important site in the western Shephelah. »Moresheth Gath« was the old name of the site before becoming part of Judah at the end of the 9th century BCE, when the Judahite rulers renamed it »Azekah«.
Stufenmodell zur Wirtschaftlichkeitsbewertung
Authors: Alt Denis , Harke Markus , Roeren Sven
Published: May 2023

Entscheidungen für die Einführung neuer Fertigungstechnologien in produzierenden Unternehmen sollten auf schnell anwendbaren und ausreichend genauen Bewertungsgrundlagen basieren. Die vorliegende Publikation stellt ein Stufenmodell vor, welches es ermöglicht, technologiebezogen komplexe Grundlagen zu strukturieren sowie eine anwendungsnahe Entscheidungsunterstützung zu gewährleisten, ohne dabei die Qualität der Bewertung zu vernachlässigen.
ML-basierte Absatzprognose mit Frühindikatoren
Authors: Hellmers López David , Julia Kramer Kathrin , Schmidt Matthias
Published: May 2023

In einem von Unsicherheit geprägten Marktumfeld zu agieren stellt Unternehmen vor Herausforderungen. Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens (ML) bieten unter Einbeziehung von externen Frühindikatoren eine Möglichkeit, langfristige Absatzprognosen präziser als herkömmliche statistische Prognoseverfahren zu erstellen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt das Potenzial von ML unter Einbeziehung von externen Faktoren (z. B. Konjunkturdaten) für die Absatzprognosen eines Produkts von einem Chemieunternehmen auf.
Bewertungsmaß für die Resilienz als Kriterium für die Zuliefererauswahl
Authors: Nitsche Andreas , Glinska Klaudia , Pappe Paolo , Stonis Malte , Nyhuis Peter
Published: May 2023

Die Resilienz von Lieferketten gewinnt für produzierende Unternehmen in Zeiten schwerer Störungen durch Krisen massiv an Bedeutung. Die Auswahl von Zulieferern ist ein zentraler Aspekt bei dem Aufbau einer resilienten Lieferkette. Aktuell fehlt jedoch eine ganzheitliche Methode zur Auswahl von Lieferanten unter Berücksichtigung der Resilienz. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein Forschungsprojekt vorgestellt, das die Entwicklung eines Bewertungsmaßes für die Resilienz im Kontext der Zuliefererauswahl zum Ziel hat. Dabei sollen die vorhandene Resilienz aus der Sicht des Zuliefererunternehmens und die benötigte Resilienz aus der Sicht des auswählenden Unternehmens berücksichtigt werden.
Level of Coordination in der Fabrikplanung
Authors: Schäfer Simon F. , Lenz Lisa , Neuhäuser Thomas
Published: May 2023

Building Information Modeling (BIM) in der Fabrikplanung wird in der Praxis immer häufiger angewendet und aufgrund der positiven Erfahrungen auch in Richtlinien sowie Standardisierungsarbeit weiterentwickelt. Hierbei bildet die Methodik BIM die Brücke zwischen den beiden Fachdomänen Produktionssystems- und Bauplanung sowie der Projektumsetzung. Durch die Integration der digitalen BIM-Modelle entsteht bereits frühzeitig ein ganzheitlich virtuelles Abbild der Fabrik. Die zwischen den Fachdomänen notwendige Koordination während der Modellerstellung und der späteren -pflege ist bislang nicht standardisiert, sondern erfolgt projektspezifisch. Als Beitrag zur systematischen Digitalisierung der Fabrik sowie deren Planung wird in diesem Beitrag die Koordination der BIM-Modelle und die damit verbundene Modellqualität als Level of Coordination in Ergänzung zum Modellfertigstellungsgrad (Level of Development) beschrieben. Dieser Beitrag ist der erste von zwei Teilen.
Developing an Annual Training Program for the Mixed Martial Arts Athlete
Authors: Huldi Francis J. , Cisar Craig J.
Published: May 2023

Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a multidimensional combat sport combining various forms of grappling and striking methodologies. The sport challenges the strength and conditioning professional because of the conflicting metabolic demands, high degree of variability, and a lack of a fixed competitive schedule. The existing literature identifies the need for highly developed neuromuscular qualities and high aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Although previous research has identified the physiological profile of a high-level MMA athlete, there is limited peer-reviewed research identifying the most optimal periodization strategy to improve performance. Furthermore, there seems to be no existing literature investigating the implementation of velocity-based training (VBT). This training methodology uses movement velocity to assign training loads to mitigate fatigue and improve strength and power adaptations. Existing literature on VBT suggests that it is a superior method of assigning training load compared with traditional percentage-based training. Therefore, this article serves to identify the physiological profile of the MMA athlete, outline VBT, and provide a guideline for designing an MMA strength and conditioning program to optimize performance using VBT.
On the Development of a Testing Device for Fracture Characterization under Mixed-Mode Loading Conditions
Authors: Oskui Abuzar Es'haghi , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Attarilar Shokouh , Wang Qudong , Choupani Naghdali , Djavanroodi Faramarz
Published: May 2023

Because there is no codified standard for a mixed-mode fracture test, this study, by summing up previous works and investigating their properties, attempts to provide the requirements for standardization of mixed-mode fracture testing. Utilizing the loading device proposed in the present paper can help avoid the drawbacks of the previous methods applied for testing fracture toughness under mixed-mode conditions. The proposed fixture has a perfect symmetry that provides pure in-plane circumstances, preventing undesired third-mode loading conditions and creating a uniform stress state. The three-dimensional finite element models of the Arcan fixture and the suggested loading device were used to obtain the correction factors for the first and second modes. The results were then compared to investigate the variations of the fracture parameters. Moreover, analysis of the dimensionless stress intensity factors (SIFs) obtained for the third mode at various angles of loading led to the conclusion that the unwanted third-mode loading conditions had a considerable contribution to the Arcan device and, as a result, influenced the values achieved for the first- and second-mode dimensionless SIFs.