bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МЕТАЛЕВИХ ЛОПАТЕЙ НЕСУЧОГО І РУЛЬОВОГО ГВИНТІВ ВЕРТОЛЬОТА
Authors: Гребеников А. Г. , Воронько И. А. , Дьяченко Ю. В. , Коллеров В. В. , Малков И. В. , Урбанович В. А. , Москаленко Н. И.
Published: June 2020

Analysis of the foreign and domestic work experience, manufacturing and operation of the helicopters with metal blades of the main (MR) and tail (TR) rotors is performed. General requirements for the helicopter MR and TR blades design are formulated. Structural arrangement of the helicopter MR metal blade is reviewed, features of the construction materials for the metal blades are noted. Features of the MR and TR metal blades design with the pressed spar and aluminum honeycomb core are given. Parametric modeling technique of the helicopter MR metal blade is presented. The manufacturing rout technology and the method of the surface strengthening of the metal blade tip are presented. The scheme and the manufacturing rout technology of the pressed aluminum spar are given; the geometrical twist features, the surface strengthening and the assembling of the spar with the blade tip are re- viewed. The features of the electric-heating patch bonding on the spar leading edge are shown. Following technological steps of the blade metal rear area manufacturing are reviewed: the rolled aluminum foil degreasing; the aluminum honeycomb structures manufacturing; the aluminum honeycomb core butt milling. The features of the blade rear area assembling and metal blade assembling by bonding in the jig are presented; the content of works outside of the jig for metal blade of the helicopter main rotor is given.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ У РОЗВИТКУ ОПЕРАТИВНО-ТАКТИЧНИХ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЛІТАКІВ
Authors: Лось А. В. , Шмырёв В. Ф. , Рябков В. И.
Published: June 2020

The existence of operational-tactical military transport aircraft (MTA) is due to the increase in the size and weight of modern military equipment, as well as the inability of the armed forces to solve their tasks without the use of such MTA, on the one hand. On the other hand, the high cost of using heavy transport aircraft in local airmobile operations and the inability of heavy military-technical vehicles to work in the combat zone, primarily due to restrictions imposed by the length and condition of base airfields. An analysis of the development trends regarding operational tactical military transport aircraft has shown that the unique Ukrainian operational tactical aircraft outperforms its following competitors in terms of basic parameters: the American S- 130J-30, the Brazilian KC-390, the West European A400M and the Japanese C-2, but is worse in regard to cruising speed and combat readiness in comparison with the C-2 airplane. Also, the aircraft has a certificate for noise on the ground only according to Chapter 3 of ICAO Appendix 16. Complete superiority of the An-77 aircraft can only be achieved by deep modification changes in the power plant and reducing the wing inductive drag. To do this, a series of works on the use of high-pressure turbojet engines instead of a high-pressure engine has to be done, and at the same time takeoff-landing characteristics (TLC) have to be maintained by searching for the relative position of the engine and the wing with the maximum use of string rotation due to wing high-lift devices. Also use of geometric twisting of the local chords requires study and experimental confirmation in order to reduce the wing inductive resistance. Scientific provisions on changing the wing geometry, replacing the main engines, as well as on the use of models for reconciling deep modification changes in the wing geometry and power plant were the basis for designing a modification of the operational-tactical military transport aircraft.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ПРИ ПНЕВМОУДАРНОМУ ШТАМПУВАННІ ВИРУБУВАННЯМ-ПРОБИВАННЯМ
Authors: Кухар В. В. , Фролов Є. А. , Ясько С. Г.
Published: June 2020

The paper considers the issues related with technological capabilities and features of the process of cutting-punching of sheet-metal parts with an elastic medium of pneumatic impact stamping, taking into account the indicators of their quality and accuracy, and also suggests effective ways to improve them. One of the promising methods for producing high-precision parts, including those with a complex profile, is a shaping method based on the technology and equipment of pneumatic shock stamping with an elastic medium on the TA-1324 in-stallations. The advantages of this method are environmental cleanliness, safe operation, wide technological capabilities, mobility and versatility, low labour and energy costs. At these installations it is advisable to perform formative operations of separation (cutting-punching) and shallow shaping both as a separate operation and together with cutting-punching. As a workpiece for the study the sheet material of the following grades was used: steel 08kp, aluminium alloy AMG-M, steel 12X18H10T. The thickness varied within the range from 0.5 to 2.5 mm. Dies and copier punches were made of U8A steel, followed by heat treatment to a hardness of HRC 56-62. An analysis of the experimental studies of punching-cutting processes allows us to conclude that with an increase in the number of stamped parts, there is an increase in size deviations from their nominal values. This increase is due to the wear of operating elements (copier punches and dies). At the same time, the sizes of the copier punches are reduced, and the sizes of the matrices are increased. The absolute values of deviations do not depend on the type of operations; their values, both during cutting and punching, are almost the same in each of the samples taken. The process of pneumatic impact stamping, where a hammer with a bevelled end was used, has a similar character. The paper also proposed and tested ways to improve pneumatic impact stamping, providing cutting, punching of parts from sheet copper, aluminium alloys with a thickness of 0.3 to 3 mm and mild steel up to 3 mm thick. The roughness of the cutting surface is in the range Ra = 0.3 to 0.6 μm, and in the case of high-strength materials up to 2.5 mm thick, the roughness of the cutting surface is Ra = 0.6 to 1.0 μm, depending on the contour configuration that is cut down or punched.
ДИНАМІЧНА РЕАКЦІЯ ТА СТІЙКІСТЬ ПОШКОДЖЕНОЇ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ЛІТАКА
Authors: Іленко Є. Ю. , Онищенко В. М.
Published: June 2020

In the process of designing and operating the aircraft, it is important to determine the ultimate state of the structure, taking into account the dynamic load of the structure and its stability. The ultimate state of the structure is characterized by damage, in which the structure still retains the ability to withstand without catastrophic destruction of the maximum operating load. The main method of studying the stability of the structure is the dynamic method. It allows us to investigate the perturbed motion of a structure as a nonconservative system for some initial perturbation. The monotonic departure of the system from the equilibrium position or its oscillations with increasing amplitudes indicate the instability of the structure. The paper analyzes the effect of damage to the aircraft structure on its dynamic stability based on the determination of the dynamic response of the aircraft to some non-stationary perturbation, for example, on the action of a turbulent atmosphere. The method of computational analysis is used to study the dynamic stability of the structure. The basis of this method is mathematical modeling (MM) of the operation of the aircraft in the form of a system of equations of motion and deformation of the structure. The problem of dynamic aeroelasticity is considered - the behavior of the elastic damaged structure of the aircraft in the air flow to the initial perturbation. On the basis of computer simulation, the dynamic stability of the elastic structure, its oscillating or quasi-static (aperiodic) deformation motion within the flight range of the aircraft is estimated. On the basis of parametric researches the limits of instability of a design at the set damages for typical operating conditions are estimated. The relevance of the direction focused on the creation and advanced operation of MM aircraft - their mathematical backups in the process of design and operation of aircraft due to the complexity and limited capabilities of ground experimental installations and flight experiment. It is noted that the condition for the application of this method is the formed MM operation of the aircraft and the availability of information on the mass-inertial, stiffness and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ SMART-СИСТЕМИ ЖИТТЄЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ І МОНІТОРИНГУ КІМНАТНИХ РОСЛИН
Authors: Lutai L. , Kvachov A.
Published: June 2020

A robotic system is a microcontroller with a set of sensors that register external changes (humidity, lighting, temperature, etc.), a data exchange module, and an execution mechanism that begins to act when the user sends a command to the microcontroller from an Android device. Creating robotic systems is one of the main tasks of industrial automation, which is closely related to the IoT (Internet of Things) technology. There are a lot of variations in the development of robotic systems in synergy with IoT: "Smart Home", driverless car, cleaning robot, etc. In most cases, a smart home is a home automation system – a system that helps save time on managing all other engineering and entertainment devices. And the more devices, the more necessary it is to use automation systems. For a large number of IoT systems, a mobile phone or tablet based on the Android or iOS operating system is often used as a control device. This is due to the mobility in managing and monitoring messages through a handheld device. The purpose of this article is to develop a Smart system for life support and monitoring the condition of indoor plants.The Smart system being developed provides for the creation of not only a plant life support system, but also the creation of a mobile application for managing and monitoring plant life support. In the course of writing the article, the existing automated control systems were investigated and a block diagram of the Smart system was constructed, taking into account its interaction with the mobile application. The article uses a decentralized automation system in which the main elements are the ESP8266 microcontroller (as a transmitter) and the Atmega328 microcontroller (as a data processing element). An application for a mobile device that acts as a remote control has also been developed. Within the framework of the article, an electrical schematic diagram of the Smart system has been developed. The article also provides detailed instructions and recommendations for both hardware and software parts.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN QUR’AN HADITS MATERI Q.S. AN-NASR DAN Q.S. AL-KAUTSAR MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE DRILL KELAS IV MIN 8 ACEH BARAT DAYA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Habibah Habibah
Published: June 2020

This Classroom Action Research discusses the use of the Drill method to improve student learning outcomes in Class IV on the subject of the Qur'an. His study was motivated by the low ability to memorize the Qur'an's Hadith students. This study is intended to answer the problem: (1) Whether the Drill method can improve student learning outcomes in the Al-Quran Hadith subject material Q.S. An-Nasr and Al-Kautsar class IV at MIN 8 Southwest Aceh 2018/2019 Academic Year ?. This type of research used in this study is Classroom Action Research with the nature of CAR carried out independently, which means researchers conduct CAR without collaboration with other teachers, but only involve 1 peer teacher to make observations during the teaching and learning process. Data collection methods used are documentation, observation and test methods. The study was conducted using 2 cycles with the steps of planning, implementing action, observation and reflection. To determine the effectiveness of the Drill method using descriptive analysis techniques. This study shows that learning the subject of the Qur'an in the Hadith Q. An-Nasr and Al-Kautsar by using the Drill method can improve student learning outcomes in MIN 8 Southwest Aceh. This can be seen from before the pre cycle, Cycle I and Cycle II an increase in student learning outcomes. the percentage of mastery learning from pre Cycle 41.66%, in Cycle I increased to 62.50% and in Cycle II increased to 83.33%. So there is no need to continue in the next cycle because the KKM and the percentage of completeness have been reached. This finding can be used as a material for consideration or input for schools in conducting school quality improvement with an improvement in student achievement. For the advice that I can convey is that the teacher in carrying out the learning of the Qur'anic Subjects of Hadith is expected to be able to use various learning methods that are tailored to the material being taught, so as to create a pleasant learning atmosphere that can ultimately improve student learning outcomes. Then students in order to have confidence so that they do not feel afraid to memorize in front of the teacher. In essence, the Drill method can improve student learning outcomes in the subject of the Qur'an Hadith material Q. An-Nasr and Al-Kautsar class IV MIN 8 Aceh Barat Daya 2018/2019 Academic Year.
Upaya meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika Pada materi operasi hitung pecahan melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Two stay Two Stray Siswa Kelas V MIN 8 Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Erliana Erliana
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve mathematics learning activities and outcomes in fraction counting operations material through a two stay two stray cooperative learning model for students in class V MIN 8 Aceh Barat Daya Academic Year 2019/2020. The model used in this study is the two stay two stray cooperative learning model. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students MIN 8 Southwest Aceh. The number of students is 35 students with a total of 14 male students and 21 female students. This research was conducted in the 2018/2019 school year within a period of 3 months, from September to November 2018 in odd semester. The methodology of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) consists of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research procedure consisted of pre-research, planning cycle one, implementing cycle one, observing cycle one, reflection cycle one, planning cycle two, implementing cycle action two, observing cycle two and reflection cycle two. Data collection tech-nique is to collect the value of the test carried out at the end of each learning in each cycle using the question instrument (written test). Observation data is done by looking at student activities in the learn-ing process. Data were analyzed by means of percentage statistics. The results showed that there was an increase in student learning activities in both cycles, from the category of being good enough and the good category increasing to very good. Completeness of student learning outcomes has increased from 39.13% in pre-study increased to 65.21% in the first cycle and increased to 86.95% in the second cycle. The application of the two stay two stray type of cooperative learning model can improve the activities and learning outcomes of students in mathematics in the calculation operations of fractions of students in grade V MIN 8 Aceh Barat Daya Academic Year 2019/2020.
Penerapan model kooperatif tipe NHT untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar matematika pada materi penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan Cacah kelas I MIN 10 Aceh Besar
Authors: Rakhimah Rakhimah
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve the activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics on the Summation and reduction of the number of students in grade I MIN 10 Aceh Besar. The learning model used in this study is the NHT cooperative type. The subjects of this study were students of class I MIN 10 Aceh Besar. The number of students is 23 students with 11 male students and 12 female students. This research was conducted in the 2019/2020 school year within a period of 3 months, from September 2019 to November 2019 in the odd semester. The methodology of this research is Classroom Action Re-search (CAR) consists of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. In each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Data collection technique is to collect the value of the test carried out at the end of each learning in each cycle using the question instrument (written test). Observation data is done by looking at the activeness of students in the learning process. Data were ana-lyzed by means of percentage statistics. The results showed that an increase in student learning activities in both cycles, from the category of being good enough and the good category increasing to very good. Completeness of student learning outcomes has increased from 43.48% in the pre cycle increased to 65.22% in the first cycle and increased to 82.61% in the second cycle. The use of the NHT Cooperative Model can increase the activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics in the Summing and subtraction count numbers of students in class I MIN 10 Aceh Besar in the Academic Year 2019/2020.
Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar akidah akhlak pada materi indahnya Al-Asmaa Al-Husna kelas IV MIN 10 Aceh besar
Authors: Salmawati Salmawati
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve the activities and learning outcomes of the Islamic creed on the beauty of al-asmaa al-husna through the type of make a match cooperative learning model class IV MIN 10 Aceh Besar in the academic year 2018/2019. The learning model used in this classroom action research is a make a match type of cooperative learning model. The subjects of this classroom action research were students in class IV MIN Aceh Besar. The number of students is 25 students with 13 male students and 12 female students. This class action research was conducted in the 2018/2019 school year. This class action research was conducted in a period of 3 months, from July 2018 to September 2018 in odd semester. The methodology of this research is classroom action research consisting of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. In each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observa-tion and reflection. The research procedure consisted of pre-research, planning cycle one, implementing cycle one, observing cycle one, reflection cycle one, planning cycle two, implementing cycle action two, observing cycle two and reflection cycle two. Data collection techniques were performed using tests, observation of teacher skills, observation of student activities and student questionnaire responses. Test scores are carried out at the end of each lesson in each cycle using the question instrument (written test). Observation data is done by looking at student activity and teacher skills in the learning process. Student response data obtained through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentage descriptive statis-tics. The results showed that: 1) an increase in completeness of student learning outcomes from 52% in pre-study increased to 68% in the first cycle and increased to 92% in the second cycle. 2) Teacher skills have increased from 76% and increased to 88% 3) Student learning activities have increased from 76.67% and increased to 93.33%, 4) Positive student responses to teaching and learning activities using the make type cooperative learning model a match. Then it can be concluded that through the application of the make a match type of cooperative learning model increases the activities and learning outcomes of the Morals of the fourth grade students of MIN 10 Aceh Besar in the year
Problem of Risk Analysis in Decision-Making in Business
Authors: Vitchak E. L. , Grushitsyn A. S. , Danilina M. V. , Ternovskov V. B.
Published: June 2020

When making decisions in the field of medium and large business, top management of companies are guided, as a rule, by intuitive considerations. This method is based both on personal experience and the experience of industry colleagues. Intuition can work on non-complex logical tasks, but in the case of complex logistics, the leader is forced to act at his own risk and there is a big chance of an unsuccessful result. Losing is always expensive, given the great competition in the market in almost all areas. In a difficult situation, as a rule, you need a good adviser, a specialist with high professional skills. The proposed method is based on the application of probability theory, a science that studies random events and quantities. This article discusses several practical aspects of the economy and proposes a solution in terms of probability theory.
PENGETAHUAN DAN PERILAKU REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG KANKER SERVIKS YANG DIBERIKAN KOMUNIKASI, INFORMASI, DAN EDUKASI MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL WHATSAPP
Authors: Karuniadi I Gusti Agung Manik , Widiastini Luh Putu
Published: June 2020

The proportion of women under 35 who suffer from cervical cancer increases from 9% to 25%. The risk of cervical cancer is important to be known by every woman early on, especially those who have experienced menstruation, namely in the teenage phase. This study aims to determine the effect of communication, information, and education through Whatsapp social media on the knowledge and behavior of young women about cervical cancer. Pre-experimental research design with one group pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted on 40 midwifery students of STIKES Bina Usada Bali with a total sampling technique in May to July 2019. The results of this study found that there was no effect of providing communication, information, and education through Whatsapp on the knowledge of young women. This can be seen from the results of statistical tests conducted p-values obtained 0.768, but has a significant effect on the behavior of adolescent girls, indicated by the results of p-value 0.044 (p<0.05). The results of this study get the results that there is an influence of provision of communication, information, and education through Whatsapp social media on teenage girl behavior about cervical cancer.
Rabbit Liver Lobes: An Anatomical Study of Experimental Surgical Approaches
Authors: SEVIL KILIMCI Figen
Published: June 2020

A number of animal models have been developed for experimental liver surgery protocols such as lobectomy, ischemia and reperfusion studies, organ injuries, and drug trials. Though, some morphometric studies describe the liver lobes in rats and mice, such anatomical information is not sufficiently available in rabbits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical approaches for experimental liver resection in the rabbit, and to examine the proportional distribution of each lobe conforming to the whole organ, and to schematize the macroanatomical properties of each lobe.For this purpose, the liver lobes were dissected according to anatomical references. The volumes and weights of the whole organ and the individual lobes were measured. The percentages of the liver lobes were calculated according to the weight and volume of the total liver.The interlobar notch, especially between the medial and lateral parts of the left lobe was more prominent than that between the quadrate and the right lobe. The proportion of the left lateral and medial lobe was 27%, and 24% relative to the total liver weight, similarly, the right lobe, quadrate lobe and the caudate lobe was 19%, 7% and 23%, respectively. The volumetric ratios of liver lobes were also found close to the mass ratios.In conclusion, anatomical information from this study can be used as a reference in performing various experimental surgical studies on the rabbit liver.
Hasat Zamanının Meryemana Dikeninin (Silybum marianum) Kompozisyonuna, Gaz Üretimine, Metan Üretimine, Sindirimine ve Metabolik Enerjisine Etkisi
Authors: KURT Ahmet Aziz , KAMALAK Adem
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı hasat zamanının Meryemana dikeninin kompozisyonuna, gaz üretimine, metan üretimine, metabolik enerjisine ve organik madde sindirim derecesine etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, hasat zamanı Meryemana dikeninin kompozisyonunu, gaz üretimini, metan üretimini, metabolik enerjisini (ME) ve organik madde sindirim derecesini (OMSD) önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Meryemana dikeninin kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF), asit deterjan fiber (ADF) içerikleri %11.99 ile 43.26, %12.68 ile 16.56, % 11.11 ile 15.77, % 2.47 ile 5.86, % 39.88 ile 60.85 ve % 24.96 ile 44.52 arasında değişmiştir. Meryemana dikeninin 24 saatlik fermentasyonu sonucu açığa çıkan gaz üretimi ve metan üretimi 26.36 ile 40.44 ml ve 3.26 ile 5.34 ml arasında değişmiştir. Meryemana dikeninin metabolik enerji içeriği ve organik madde sindirim derecesi hasat zamanına bağlı olarak 7.67 ile 8.70 MJ kg/KM ve %48.87 ile 64.40 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hasat zamanı Meryemana dikeninin besleme değeri üzerinde önemli bir faktördür. Hasat zamanının ilerlemesiyle birlikte Meryemana dikeninin besleme değeri özellikle HP içeriği, ME ve OMSD düşmüştür. İn vitro gaz üretim değerleri sonuçlarına göre Meryemana dikeninin anti-metanojenik özelliği olduğu bundan dolayı ruminantlarda enterik metan üretimini azaltmak için kullanım potansiyeli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Gümüş@Grafen Oksit Nanokompozitin Biyolojik Sentezi ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KOCA Fatih Doğan
Published: June 2020

Endüstride yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan nanopartiküller (NP’ler) grafen ve kitosan gibi maddelerle modifiye edilerek hidrofilitesi ve oksidasyon kapasitesinin artması yönüyle yeni özellikler kazanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Syzygium aromaticum özütü ile AgNP sentezinden farklı olarak, gümüş grafen oksit nanokompozitler (Ag@GO NK) sentezlenerek karakterizasyonu değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen Ag@GO NK’nin Staphylococcus aureus türüne karşı antimikrobiyal aktivitesi test edilmiştir. Karakterizasyon çalışmaları sonucunda, S. aromaticum tabanlı Ag NP’lerin kısa süreli stabiliteye sahip olduğu (-16.1 mV) belirlenmiştir. Dinamik ışık saçılımı (DLS) analizi ile NP’lerin yaklaşık 327 nm etkin çapa sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sırayla X Işınları Toz Difraksiyon (XRD) ve Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FT-IR) analizi ile NP’lerin kristal yapısı ve NP sentezinde işlevsel özelliğe sahip fonksiyonel grupların varlığı gösterilmiştir. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile Ag@GO NK’lerin morfolojileri incelenmiştir. Ag@GO NK’lerin S. aureus suşuna karşı antimikrobiyal özelliğe sahip olduğu bildirilmiştir. Çalışma, S. aromaticum tomurcuk özütü ile Ag@GO NK’lerin bioysentezi ve antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi açısından özgün ve yenilikçidir. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerin NP’lerin modifiye edilerek biyomedikal çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Tüketime Hazır Gıdalarda Listeria monocytogenes Varlığının Araştırılması
Authors: AL Serhat , BAREL Mukaddes , DIŞHAN Adalet , KARADAL Fulden , HIZLISOY Harun , ERTAŞ ONMAZ Nurhan , YILDIRIM Yeliz , GÖNÜLALAN Zafer
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Kayseri ve Niğde’de perakende olarak satışa sunulan bazı tüketime hazır gıdalarda Listeria monocytogenes varlığının araştırılması, tespit edilen izolatların moleküler karakterizasyonu ve antibiyotik dirençlilik profillerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı dönemlerde olmak üzere farklı satış noktalarından 64 etsiz çiğ köfte, 54 mayonez bazlı Rus salatası ve 25 peynir tatlısı örneği toplanmıştır. Tüketime hazır gıda numunelerinden konvansiyonel yöntemlerle Listeria monocytogenes izolasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen Listeria spp. şüpheli izolatlar Microbact Listeria 12L Kit ile tür bazında identifiye edilmiştir. Fenotipik olarak L. monocytogenes olduğu belirlenen izolatlar Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) ile doğrulanmıştır. Listeria monocytogenes izolatlarının klonal yakınlıkları Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PZR ile belirlenmiş, ayrıca Multipleks PZR (mPZR) yöntemi ile nesil ve serotip analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İzolatların antibiyotik duyarlılık profillerinin belirlenmesinde disk difüzyon metodu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında etsiz çiğ köfte numunelerinin sekizinden (%12.5) ve Rus salatası örneklerinin ise birinden (%1.85) L. monocytogenes izole edilmiştir. Araştırılan peynir tatlısı örneklerinin hiçbirinde L. monocytogenes tespit edilmemiştir. Yapılan ERIC PZR analizi sonucunda izolatların dört farklı tipte bant profili ortaya koydukları belirlenmiştir. L. monocytogenes izolatlarının nesillerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan Allelspesifik Oligonükleotid (ASO) PZR analizinde tüm izolatların birinci nesile ait oldukları; mPZR ile yapılan serotiplendirmede ise tüm izolatların 4b serotipi olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen sekiz izolatın birinin ampisiline; birinin meropeneme, üçünün eritromisine ve ikisinin ise trimetoprim/sülfometaksazol’e dirençli oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile halk sağlığı açısından ciddi riskler oluşturan ve etkin kullanılan antibiyotiklere karşı direnç gösterebilen L. monocytogenes’in tüketime hazır gıdalar aracılığıyla dağılım gösterebileceği belirlenmiştir. Toplum tarafından talep gören tüketime hazır gıdaların üretiminde, gıda güvenliği yönetim sistemlerinin etkin şekilde kullanılması ve üretim sonrasında olası kontaminasyonların önüne geçilmesi amacıyla gıda muhafaza ilkelerinin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir.
An Approach of Travel Time of Flood Peaks and Runoff Model towards Low Impact Development
Authors: Siregar Riza Inanda , N Nursyamsi , Indrawan Ivan
Published: June 2020

The most crucial point for the planning of the city should be considered flooding conditions. In manipulating the length of the channel, of course also manages the direction of the stream, so that the size of the catchment area in the area will be different. The characteristics of surface runoff of urban drainage systems are essential to determine the effects of runoff reduction towards Low Impact Development (LID). In this study, to make modelling of stormwater runoff characteristics in a city can be analysed by using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). This research is to explain the method of approaching travel time of flood peaks and runoff in a drainage network system that needs a rainfall-runoff model, EPA SWMM model that shown flood peak in the return period 5-yr and 10-yr, and need representatives to the graph of travel time and runoff. The result shows that the channel only accommodates return period of flood 5-yr, not the 10-yr. The drainage network system consists of minor drainage and major drainage (river) that can be simulated to reduce the runoff. The approach influenced by the direction of flow and the roughness. These parameters are the vital point to manage the travel time of peak floods. The, by redesign and update the capacity of the channel can reduce the overflow over the nodes (junctions).
STI Co-infection Among HIV/AIDS Patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Khairuna Safirah
Published: June 2020

Both HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) are transmitted through sexual activites making a parallel port of entry making the two condition  increase the each other’s transmission which results as an impact to progression of HIV infection. This study aims to determine the characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with sexually transmitted infections in H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan between 2017 and 2018. This study is a descriptive observational study of 2422 HIV/AIDS patients attending H. Adam Malik General Hospital. Of those, 62 patients were diagnosed with STI coinfection. The majority of patients were male (85,5%) aged within the group of 25 – 49 years old (80,6%), had the level education of high school (88,7%), mostly were entrepreneurs (50%), and were single (59,7%). Most of the patients were already in their Stadium III (80,6%) clinical stage and had CD4+ count < 200/mm3 (51,6%). Condyloma acuminatum (35,5%) was found as the most common type of STI coinfection, and followed by Hepatitis B (33,9%).Based on anamnesis history, behavioral risk factors (66,1%) was the most frequent risk    factor
The Opportunity of Understorey Species to Absorb Secondary Metabolites in the Soil (Case Study in IUPHHK- Industrial Plantation Forests PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk)
Authors: Sidabukke Simon , Ternala Alexander Barus  , Budi Utomo  , Delvian  , Mona Fhitri Srena
Published: June 2020

PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk is one of the industrial forestry companies with Eucalyptus as the main species. This research was conducted in a concession area located in Aek Nauli Plantation, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra with an area of 22,533 Ha. The sample of this research is understorey species (height: 1.5 meters) under Eucalyptus stand in cycles 2, 3, 4 and 5 planted in 2015. To find out the composition of plant species, vegetation analysis was conducted initially by making minimum species-area curves to determine the number of plots. The placement of the sample starts with randomly distributed on plotted paths. The number of plots in each cycle is as many as 32 plots, 32 plots, 32 plots, 4 plots by 256 plots and 5 plots for 32 plots. The results of soil analysis found that secondary metabolic in eucalyptus soil classified into terpenoid which located at a distance of 50 cm (flat) and 100 cm (flat) from the tree at 2 years old Eucalyptus stand. The terpenoids also distributed in distance of 50 cm from trees with flat topography on 4 years old Eucalyptus stand. For 6 years old Eucalyptus stand, terpenoid distributed on 150 cm from a tree and there was also a saponin within 150 cm from a tree with sloping topography. If the dominant undergrowth grows were Strong and Senduduk, the secondary metabolism in the soil will be absorbed by this species.
The Study of Silviculture System for Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) Application at PT Intracawood Manufacturing Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan
Authors: M. Taufan  , Susilowati Arida
Published: June 2020

Selective Cutting and Line Planting (TPTJ) silvicultural systems and Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting (TPTI) are two of the five silvicultural systems that have been determined by the Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. P.11 / Menhut-II / 2009 juncto P.65 / Menhut-II / 2014 concerning silvicultural systems in the area of timber forest product utilization permits (IUPHHK) in production forests. Three other silvicultural systems based on the regulation are the Gap Logging silviculture system, the Fully Made Rejuvenation System, and the Multi Silviculture System. This study aims to examine the implementation of the TPTJ and TPTI systems in the PT Intracawood Manufacturing (PT Intraca) area, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. The methodology of this research is through the approach of growth analysis, comparison of stand increment, observation of environmental conditions, interviews and literature study. Based on the field research, it was found that the diameter increments of Shorea leprosula, Shorea dasyphila, and Shorea parvifolia were greater in the TPTJ system compared to TPTI. However, the TPTI silviculture system at PT Intraca is easier to apply in the field than the TPTJ silviculture system. The TPTJ system has become less effective because planting in the TPTJ system has been carried out by making a 3-meter wide track with a length of approximately 1 km in a plot and if there is potential for the wood to become ineffective. In the area of PT Intraca, to improve the effectiveness of the TPTJ system a mosaic system is used where the planting path is made only in areas with less potential and representative for planting. The types of plants planted in the TPTJ system are far superior, perspective, and are faster than the types of plants in the TPTI system. Planting/enrichment in the TPTI system is easier because it does not need to make a planting path. Planting with seedlings from the extraction is only a transfer from the growth of tillers from areas with an excessive potential for tillers.
The Role of MycoSilvi, Lime and Compost on The Growth of Balsa (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) Seedling in Post Silica Sand Mine Media
Authors: Wilarso Sri , Putri Maharani  , Andi Sukendro  , Cahyo Wibowo
Published: June 2020

Problems arising from silica sand mining are decreasing soil fertility, as well as the presence of high heavy metals such as Fe and Al, which inhibits the growth of revegetation plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response of the growth of balsa seedlings (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) on silica sand post-mining media treated with MycoSilvi, compost, and lime and determine the most optimal combination of MycoSilvi, compost, and lime treatment. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with a split-plot design with 3 treatment factors, namely the addition of MycoSilvi, compost, and lime. Each treatment consisted of five replications. The results showed that the planting media that were not treated (control) was not able to support the growth of balsa seedlings. The interaction of MycoSilvi, compost, and lime significantly affected the height, diameter, biomass, and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization parameters, and significantly affected the plant chlorophyll content. The combination of MycoSilvi type 1 treatment, namely Glomus mosseae and lime (C0K1M1) type, resulted in the highest total growth rate, diameter, biomass, and colonization percentage compared to other treatments. The addition of lime and compost to the growth medium can reduce the degree of mycorrhizal dependency of balsa seedling.
Industrial policy and COVID-19 responses
Authors: Oqubay Arkebe
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is not exclusively a public health crisis. It has spiralled into a complex global socio-economic crisis of a kind not seen since the Second World War. Unlike the 2008 global financial and economic crisis, the current economic crisis is interlocked with a public health emergency at a time of weak global collaboration and has exposed the vulnerability of the economic system. It has also revealed wide differences in government policy responses, highlighting various industrial policy and developmental roles of governments. This paper maps and analyses the variation in governments’ responses to the public health emergency and in their economic rescue packages. This review suggests that governments with rich experience of industrial policymaking have demonstrated the ability to translate industrial capability into an appropriate public health emergency response. At a time when interest in industrial policy has been increasing, a key insight that may be drawn from this paper is the adaptability of industrial policy, which continues to be vital for economic catch-up and learning.
Impactos potenciales de depósitos secos de SO2 en rendimientos de cultivos en México; una aproximación a escala nacional
Authors: Azuara García Guadalupe , Palacios Rosas Efren , Palacios Rosas Veranda , Rosas Burgess Carlos A.
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: iniciar una aproximación de gran escala de efectos potenciales del SO2 en rendimientos de cultivos por el alto impacto de éste en la vegetación y por los grandes volúmenes que México emite del compuesto a nivel global.Diseño/metodología/aproximación: se realizó un análisis estadístico de correlación (R y R2) entre rendimientos (23 cultivos) y concentraciones SO2 ha-1 a nivel municipal para 2011. Los cultivos se diferenciaron de acuerdo a su modalidad (temporal y riego), ciclo (anual y perenne) y condición de resistencia o sensibilidad al SO2. Se aplicó la prueba P-valor para eliminar aleatoriedad.

Resultados: se obtuvo correlación significativa en nueve cultivos (ciruela, avena forrajera verde y seca, avena grano, cebada forrajera verde y seca, maíz forrajero verde, melón y uva) que cumplieronsimultáneamente las condiciones de R?20%; R2?0.05; y P-valor<0.05. En ellos se realizó un comparativo de rendimientos promedio en tres ámbitos: nacional, municipios con SO2>0, y municipios con lasmayores concentraciones de SO2. Para este último grupo, comparado con el promedio nacional, los rendimientos de los cultivos resistentes en la modalidad de temporal fueron entre 1.7 y 5.2 veces más altos, y para los sensibles se observaron promedios de 12.9% a 57.8% más bajos. En la modalidad de riego, se observaron promedios 51% más altos en los resistentes, y de un 22% a un 51.7% menores en los sensibles.Hallazgos/conclusiones: se observó un efecto positivo proporcionalmente mayor que el negativo en rendimientos de cultivos resistentes y sensibles, respectivamente.
Variabilidad genetica de Liometopum apiculatum Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) como una medida de conservación en México
Authors: Hipolito-Cruz Gudelia , Reyes-López Joaquín , Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Morales-Flores Francisco J.
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: comprobar la divergencia genética de Liometopum apiculatum con base al fragmento Citocromo oxidasa subunidad I, usando tres poblaciones diferentes.Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque: Se tomaron muestras de poblaciones de L. apliculatum (escamol) en tres sitios de recolección: Otumba, Estado de México; Pinos, Zacatecas y Matehuala, San Luis Potosí y compararon extractos de ADN amplificados con patrones taxonómicos moleculares establecidos por NCBI GenBank.Resultados: Se construyó un modelo de distancia genética de dos parámetros con las tres poblaciones de L. apiculantum que confirma la conectividad de los sitios a pesar de la distancia basada en la subunidad citocromo oxidasa I. Estas similitudes mantienen la adaptación de L. apiculatum a condiciones climáticas adversas.

Limitaciones en el estudio/implicaciones: la similitud, basada en la subunidad I del citocromo oxidasa, puede permitir el uso de hormigas reinas de diferentes sitios para mejorar la reproducción de otros nidos, pero requiere pruebas de aceptabilidad de las hormigas reinas introducidas.Hallazgos/Conclusiones: el ADN de L. apiculatum mostró muy poca divergencia genética en los nidos de hormigas analizados. Es posible una estrategia para mejorar las actividades de reproducción de esta hormiga basada en la reintroducción de hormigas reina en los nidos.
Pre-sleep arousal and fear of sleep in trauma-related sleep disturbances: A cluster-analytic approach
Authors: Werner Gabriela G. , Danböck Sarah K. , Metodiev Stanislav , Kunze Anna E.
Published: June 2020

Background

Trauma-related sleep disturbances constitute critical symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but sleep symptoms often reside even after successful trauma-focused psychotherapy. Therefore, currently unattended factors – like fear of sleep (FoS) – might play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of residual sleep disturbances. However, it is unclear whether trauma-exposed individuals exhibit different symptomatic profiles of sleep disturbances that could inform individualized therapeutic approaches and eventually enhance treatment efficacy.

Method

In a large online study, a two-step cluster analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method were performed to explore subgroups among trauma-exposed individuals (N = 471) in terms of FoS, different aspects of trauma-related sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia symptoms, nightmares, arousal), and PTSD symptoms. These variables were compared between resulting clusters using ANOVAs and Scheffé’s post-hoc tests.

Results

The hierarchical cluster analysis supported 3- and 4-cluster solutions. The 3-cluster solution consisted of one “healthy” (n = 199), one “subclinical” (n = 223), and one “clinical” (n = 49) cluster, with overall low, medium, and high symptomatology on all used variables. In the 4-cluster solution, the clinical cluster was further divided into two subgroups (n = 38, n = 11), where one cluster was specifically characterized by elevated somatic pre-sleep arousal and high levels of FoS.

Conclusions

A subgroup of trauma-exposed individuals with PTSD and sleep disturbances suffers from increased pre-sleep arousal and FoS, which has been suggested as one possible explanation for residual sleep disturbances. In these patients, FoS might be a relevant treatment target.
There are no short-term longitudinal associations among interoceptive accuracy, external body orientation, and body image dissatisfaction
Authors: Drew Raechel E. , Ferentzi Eszter , Tihanyi Benedek T. , Köteles Ferenc
Published: June 2020

Background

Objectification theory assumes that individuals with low level of interoceptive accuracy may develop an external orientation for information concerning their body. Past research has found associations between interoceptive accuracy and body image concerns. We aimed to explore temporal relationships between the tendency to monitor one's body from a third-party perspective, body image dissatisfaction, and interoceptive accuracy.

Method

In a short longitudinal research, 38 Hungarian and 59 Norwegian university students completed the Schandry heartbeat tracking task and filled out baseline and follow-up questionnaires assessing private body consciousness, body surveillance, and body image dissatisfaction 8 weeks apart.

Results

Interoceptive accuracy and indicators of external body orientation did not predict body image dissatisfaction after controlling for gender, nationality, and body image dissatisfaction at baseline. Similarly, body surveillance was not predicted by baseline levels of interoceptive accuracy and body image dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

Contrary to the tenets of objectification theory, body image dissatisfaction and body surveillance are not predicted by interoceptive accuracy over a short period of time among young individuals.
Determinantes de la informalidad laboral en Colombia: un enfoque desde la inmigración venezolana
Authors: Cuadro Guzman Efrain , Trujillo Luis Daniel , Lince Carlos
Published: June 2020

Este documento estudia la incidencia que ha tenido la inmigración venezolana en los últimos años con respecto a la informalidad vivida en Colombia para el periodo 2015-2018. Par ello se empleó un modelo logístico para determinar el grado de probabilidad que tiene un trabajador en Colombia de ser informal. Se utilizaron los microdatos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), además de datos proporcionados por Migración Colombia, desagregados por las 23 principales ciudades del país. Los resultados indican que el ingreso de inmigrantes venezolanos, afecta los niveles de informalidad en el país, donde la probabilidad que un trabajador en Colombia sea informal aumenta en un 0,49% por cada 10.000 inmigrantes que habían ingresado a una determinada ciudad.
Competitividad en el sector ganadero en Colombia: Enfoque desde la historiografía económica, social y empresarial
Authors: Pertuz Martínez Aylin Patricia , Elías Caro Jorge Enrique
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar al sector ganadero colombiano y sus organizaciones en términos de su competitividad, con base en la historiografía económica, social y empresarial que se ha escrito sobre esta problemática, en especial para los siglos XIX-XX. En este trabajo se concluye que las organizaciones y el sector ganadero colombiano no han sido competitivos, lo cual se muestra en los bajos niveles de productividad y calidad de sus productos en comparación con otros países. Factores externos y endógenos estructurales no han permitido el desarrollo del sector, estando entre ellos el sistema de producción extensiva que aún sigue siendo el preponderante del siglo XXI.