bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genki: An Integrated Course in Elementary Japanese I
Authors: Lidster Ryan Francis
Published: April 2021

The release of a new edition of the widely used Japanese textbook Genki has been widely anticipated. While most of the changes are subtle and aesthetic, there are noticeable improvements, especially in the efforts taken to better represent the diversity of the Japanese learner population. However, the textbook's unsystematic treatment of vocabulary and grammar reflect a teaching philosophy that, already dated when the first edition was published twenty years ago, has only drifted further from the field of second language pedagogy. The disjointed treatment of literacy and oracy skills make it difficult to understand what is "integrated" about the course it provides. Great teaching can still be achieved using Genki, but it will require considerable creativity on behalf of teachers, especially those concerned with demonstrating how progress through the textbook aligns with measurable outcomes or gains in proficiency.
The Tale of Genji: A Japanese Classic Illuminated
Authors: Burge Marjorie
Published: April 2021

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Contributors
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

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A Benkei for Every Age: Musashibō Benkei as Palimpsest
Authors: Smith Christopher
Published: April 2021

This article traces the history of Benkei production—the production of texts concerning Musashibō Benkei—to show that the image of Benkei is not stable, but rather has been adapted and modified repeatedly since the fourteenth century according to the social, economic, political, and cultural climate, as well as the narrative needs, of various eras. Each new instance of Benkei production does not erase or overwrite the previous instances, but rather adds another layer to the cultural construct “Benkei.” This article is not intended to be a comprehensive overview of Benkei works, nor is it particularly an attempt to unearth obscure Benkei works. Instead, the article shows how literature and literary characters can be adapted and transformed over a long time frame. It addresses relatively well-known texts, but examines them in the context of a history of Benkei texts that reveal a shifting, changing image of Benkei responsive to historicized cultural environments.
El Roberto Bolaño de Javier Cercas
Authors: Taormina Alizé , Vanden Berghe Kristine
Published: April 2021

Estudiamos varios retratos de Roberto Bolaño construidos por Javier Cercas en un corpus periodístico y en dos novelas de autofcción, Soldados de Salamina (2001) y La velocidad de la luz (2005). Llama la atención cómo en esos textos de ficción y no ficción, Cercas reivindica su amistad con Bolaño y destaque en la de éste, sea los rasgos que lo sitúan en la frontera entre la sociedad común y su afuera, sea, en menor medida, su posición tópica. Argumentamos que, al crear estas figuras de Bolaño, Cercas se legitima como escritor
Rubén Darío, “Yo soy aquel que ayer no más decía”: Libros poéticos completos. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018, 840 páginas
Authors: Vélez Sainz Julio
Published: April 2021

Darío, Rubén. “Yo soy aquel que ayer no más decía”: Libros poéticos completos. Coordinación de Ricardo de la Fuente Ballesteros y Francisco Estévez; edición de Ricardo de la Fuente Ballesteros, Francisco Estévez, Alberto Acereda y Juan Pascual Gay; estudio preliminar de Alberto Acereda y Ricardo de la Fuente Ballesteros. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018, 840 páginas.
تقييم جودة الأداء التدريسي لمعلمي التربية الفنية في ضوء المعايير المهنية
Authors:   أستاذ التربية الفنية في المرحلة الابتدائية في مدينة حائل بالمملكة العربية السعودية – الباحث الرئيسي, الشمري منصور بن محمد بن صالح , علي نور الدين عيسى آدم ,   أستاذ المناهج وطرق التدريس المشارك في كلية التربية بجامعة سنار- كلية التربية في جامعة حائل بالمملكة العربية السعودية – الباحث المشارك
Published: April 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الوقوف على واقع التزام معلمي التربية الفنية بالمعايير المهنية في أدائهم التدريسي، وتحديد ما إذا كانت هنالك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجات تطبيقهم للمعايير المهنية تعزى لمتغيري المؤهل العلمي وعدد سنوات الخبرة. وللإجابة على تساؤلاتها استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي لملاءمته لطبيعة الموضوع، واعتمد على الاستبانة كأداةٍ لجمع البيانات؛ وذلك نظراً لمناسبتها لأهداف الدراسة، ومنهجها. وتم اختيار عينة الدراسة من (112) معلماً، واختيرت عينة الدراسة لتشمل كافة المجتمع، بحيث تمثله تمثيلاً صادقاً من حيث العدد، والخصائص المميزة له، وذلك لمحدودية عدد معلمي التربية الفنية بمنطقة الدراسة. ولمعالجة البيانات استخدم الباحث حزمة من الأساليب الإحصائية شملت: (التكرارات، والنسب المئوية، معامل ارتباط بيرسون، معادلة (ألفا كرونباخ)، المتوسط الحسابي، والانحراف المعياري). وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها: وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجات تطبيق معلمي التربية الفنية للمعايير المهنية بين أفراد الدراسة الذين مؤهلهم العلمي (بكالوريوس)، وأفراد الدراسة الذين مؤهلهم العلمي (ماجستير)، لصالح أفراد الدراسة الذين مؤهلهم العلمي (بكالوريوس).، كما توجد فروق دالة إحصائيًا بين درجات تطبيق معلمي التربية الفنية للمعايير المهنية بين أفراد الدراسة الذين تتراوح سنوات خبرتهم (من 5 إلى أقل من 10 سنوات)، وأفراد الدراسة الذين سنوات خبرتهم (15 سنة فأكثر)، لصالح أفراد الدراسة الذين تتراوح سنوات خبرتهم (من 5 إلى أقل من 10 سنوات). وفي ضوء النتائج التي أسفرت عنها الدراسة قدم الباحث عددًا من التوصيات مضمنا في نهاية الدراسة، واقترح مجموعة من البحوث المستقبلية يرى أنها قد تكون مكملة لهذه الدراسة.
Ignorancia deliberada, ignorancia no imputable y principio de legalidad
Authors: Gabella María Clara
Published: April 2021

El texto es una reconstrucción del debate generado en el número XIII de la Revista Discusiones, en torno a la ignorancia deliberada o willful ignorance en derecho penal. En particular, se analizan las opiniones de las/ os autoras/es acerca de la posibilidad de aplicar la teoría -de origen anglosajón- en sistemas jurídicos de tradición continental europeo y los reparos que efectúan ante la ausencia de disposiciones legales expresas que establezcan el modo en el que las conductas de quienes actúan con ignorancia deliberada o culpable debieran ser castigadas. Tales inquietudes, vinculadas al principio de legalidad, constituirán el punto a partir del cual se propone analizar aquellos casos a la luz de una disposición del Código Penal argentino. La misma regula los supuestos que excluyen de pena a un sujeto si, al momento del hecho, no hubiera podido comprender la criminalidad de su conducta por “ignorancia de hecho no imputable”
EFFICIENCY OF DIAGNOSIS AND COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PYOMETRA IN DOG FEMALES
Authors: Spitsyna T.L. , Garashchuk M.I. , Belyi D.D. , Chumak V.A. , Ryzhikh I.V.
Published: April 2021

Pyometra occurs in 25% of cases in dogs of different breeds, body weight, and a number of parturitions. We have found that the use of homeopathic preparations in combination with humilide in a complex treatment of pyometra allows to delay or minimize the implementation of surgical methods.
COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF FEED ADDITIVES ON THE BASIS OF TREPEL IN BROILER PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES
Authors: Kapitonova E.A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the comparative economic efficiency of using domestic feed additives derived on the basis of trepel under the conditions of industrial production of poultry meat. Based on the conducted production tests, it has been found that trepel-derived feed additives enriched with a prebiotic and acidifier, introduced with the mixed feed forbroiler chickens at the optimal input rate – 2 kg/t of mixed feed, contribute to the increase in profitability of poultry meat production – by 0.4-0.7 p. p., and the European efficiency index – by 15.2-17.7%.
USE OF COMPLEX EVALUATION AND PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF FIRST-CALF HEIFERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE HERDS
Authors: Korobko A.V. , Karpenya S.L. , Yatsyna O.A. , Soglayeva E.E. , Bolobotko A.I.
Published: April 2021

On the basis of the research carried out it is found that a relative breeding value of the first-calf heifers on 3 farms made over 100%. The body weight of the first-calf heifers on the farms under investigation was over 500 kilograms.
INFLUENCE OF HOUSING CONDITIONS OF COWS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE AND MILK QUALITY
Authors: Mazolo N.V. , Guivan V.V.
Published: April 2021

To increase the dairy performance of cows and improve the quality of milk it is necessary to use a loose method of keeping.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Pertumbuhan Penduduk Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran di Kabupaten Mimika
Authors: Djaelani Putri Nadya , Taime Habel
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the significance of the influence of economic growth and population growth on the unemployment rate in Mimika Regency. The method in this study is an associative method using multiple linear regression analysis tools with the help of SPSS statistic. Based on the results obtained in this study, the value of regression coefficient in economic growth variable was 0.058. The coefficient of positive value means that there is a positive relationship between economic growth and the unemployment rate. Then the coefficient of regression in the population growth variable was 0.451. The coefficient of positive value means that there is a positive relationship between population growth and the unemployment rate.
A wholesome diet and care for post covid Prameha Rogi (diabetic patient).
Authors: Khan Heena , Mishra Brijesh
Published: April 2021

World community is facing an unprecedented pandemic of novel corona virus diseases ( COVID -19 ) caused by several acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 ( SARA-COV-2) infection attacking mainly on the immune system of the body. It is a potentially fatal disease that is of public health and economy concern globally.1 In Ayurveda, Acharaya Charaka explained the concept of an pandemic condition in janapadodhwansa adhayay and combating of these disease is to be done by panchakarma (five procedure of purification), rasayana chikitsa (immune modulators therapy) and sadvritta (good conduct).2 Ayurveda strongly emphasize on preventive and promotive aspect of health rather than curative. Centuries ago, Ayurveda laid the concepts of dinacharya (daily regimen for healthy living), ritucharaya (seasonal regimen of healthy living), sadvritta ( moral conduct) and achar rasayana (social conducts).3 The outbreak of COVID -19 all over the world has posed several new challenges to prameha rogi ( diabetic patient). Care and has also provided an opportunity for new lessons to be learnt in what seems to be transforming the way we treat and care prameha rogi (diabetic patient).
â€œ A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of shadbindu tail shiro-virechan nasya in pratishyayin hemant and shishir rutu â€
Authors: Unavekar Anagha , Ingale P. D. , Deshmukh Amol Ashokrao
Published: April 2021

As hemantrutu is the period of kaphasanchitee, there is vitiation of kaph-vaat dosh by sheet and rukshguna, which leads to stanikkaphsanchiti in shir Pradesh. So as quoted by vagbhatacharya,"à¤¨à¤¾à¤¸à¤¾ à¤¹à¤¿ à¤¶à¤¿à¤°à¤¸: à¤¦à¥à¤µà¤¾à¤°à¤®à¥¤"the best treatment for urdhwajatrugatvikar, i.e.shirovirechan is selected for the present study.  According to desh, kaal, dosh,  easy availability, cost effectiveness,  shadbindu tail is selected for the study for dosh nirharan. Initially all the patients were given pachanchikitsa, by pachakkashay according to their vyadhiavastha.
            Practically at first patients were given sthaniksnehan by til tail,mruduswed.and then shirovirechan was given in different matraaccording to clinical features
Metaphysical Principle of Buddhi in Ayurved and Sahaj Marg - a refined RÄja Yoga: A comparative Study
Authors: Kshirsagar M. V. , Mehta Tarak
Published: April 2021

This paper is an attempt to highlight the similarities and the differences in the concept of buddhi from the view of Ä€yurveda and Sahaj Marg- a refined RÄja Yoga. This subject is important not only for Ä€yurvedic physicians but also for the practitioners of RÄja Yoga (meditation), for nothing affects us individually more than our own buddhi (intellect). Metaphysics is concerned, first and foremost, with the nature of reality. The claims of science rest on observation perhaps from the laboratory whereas the claims of metaphysics do not. Its findings are result of the study rather than from the laboratory.
Innermost reconciliation through vipassana
Authors: Khade Shweta Chandrakant , Gharge Archana
Published: April 2021

Health is described by the word swasth in Sanskrit which means to be established in the self. Health is really moment to moment awareness and this can be obtained through meditation.
Reconciliation means to restore the compatibility or harmony and to restore sacred. while practicing reconciliation, we reconcile our self to the truth that in this movement, there are painful differences or polarities between you and another and rather allowing your heart to become closed to the another it tremendous cost to your wellbeing, it draining your energy in hopeless demands that what has already happened or not to be true.
Vipassana is the word in Pali language translated as â€œInsight a clear awareness of exactly what is happening as it happens. Vipassana is a direct and gradual cultivation of mindfulness or awareness. The main effect of the practice is that we get a deep understanding of the nature of our self. It brings inner peace ultimately restore compatibility or harmony.
Concept of Oja
Authors: Khati G. Y.
Published: April 2021

In Ayurvedic literature the term Oja is recognized as one of the most important, vital and radiant element of the human body but its exact nature is not understood by the Ayurvedic research community. The entire metabolic activities occurring in the human body throughout the lifetime are primarily dependant on Oja. The term Oja is occasionally ascribed to the vital body elements viz. Dosha, Dhatu, Mala according to its peculiar patterns of manifestation and in addition to this tri-phasic behaviour. Oja also manifests itself in the form of radiant energy alone in the human body.In Ayurveda Bala,Veerya,Shleshma are often considered as synonyms of Oja.Therefore in this review article attempt is made to understand the concept of Oja and ojavikruti.
Clinical study of Bastyottar Rasnasaptak Kwath in Trik Graha
Authors: Mahajan Sameer , Zala Rekha
Published: April 2021

Trik graha is explained in brihat-trayi as well as in other ayurvedic literatures. The patients of Trik graha feel pain at trik sandhi (lumbosacral joint). To reduce this pain, bodyâ€™s own defense mechanism causes spasm of surrounding muscles of lumbosacral joint which reduces its movements. Hence causes stiffness in the joint. In such condition use of analgesic medicines, ointments etc. give temporary relief. Ayurvedic treatment not only reduces the pain but it also helps in complete cure of the disease.  For this purpose, 30 diagnosed patients of trik graha were advised yogabasti krama followed by rasnasaptak kwatha 40 ml twice in a day for the period of one month. The observation got are distributed and analyzed statistically. The result showed the significant effect of bastyottar use of rasnasaptak  kwath in the patients of trik graha.
Researches done on Extra pharmacopoeial drugs (Anukta Dravyas) belonging to Terminalia Genus â€“ A systematic review and Meta-analysis.
Authors: Gaonkar Neha
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to systematically review and Meta-analyze the researches done on extra pharmacopoeial drugs (anukta dravyas) belonging to Terminalia genus. Terminalia is the second largest genus of family Combrataceae. Plants of the genus Terminalia are amongst the most widely used plants for traditional medicinal purposes worldwide. Many species are used for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic, antimalarial, anti oxidant, anti inflammatory and anticancer activities. Indeed, the Indian species Terminalia chebula is known as the king of plants in Ayurveda due to its broad range of medicinal uses. However, apart from the reported ethnopharmacological uses of many Terminalia species, surprisingly few studies have rigorously examined this important genus for their medical properties/mechanisms. The last decade has seen a large increase in the number of studies into the use of Terminalia species as therapeutic agents. Data collected till 2018, showed around 120 different databases, articles and researches done on medicinal properties of plants belonging to Terminalia species. It was observed that out of the 250 species of Terminalia genus, research work of 80 plants was done which claimed their potential as medicines.
On the importance of resistivity and Hall effect in MHD simulations of binary neutron star mergers
Authors: Harutyunyan A. S.
Published: April 2021

We examine the range of rest-mass densities, temperatures and magnetic fields involved in simulations of binary neutron star mergers (BNSM) and identify the conditions under which the ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) breaks down using recently computed conductivities of warm, magnetized plasma created in such systems. While previous dissipative MHD studies of BNSM assumed that dissipation sets in due to low conduction at low rest-mass densities, we show that this paradigm must be shifted: the ideal MHD is applicable up to the regime where the hydrodynamic description of matter breaks down. We also find that the Hall effect can be important at low densities and low temperatures, where it can induce a non-dissipative rearrangement of the magnetic field. Finally, we mark the region in temperature-density plane where the hydrodynamic description breaks down.
Galaxy dynamo in inhomogeneous interstellar medium
Authors: Mikhailov E. A. , Grachev D. A.
Published: April 2021

In some galaxies there are magnetic fields of several microgauss. Their evolution is connected with dynamo mechanism which is based on joint action of alpha-effect and differential rotation. The equations of the dynamo theory usually include some averaged kinematic characteristics of the interstellar turbulence. This approach is quite suitable for galaxies with "calm" interstellar medium. As for the galaxies with intensive star formation or supernovae explosions it will not give proper results. For this case the HII regions are quite small, exist for small-time and their localization can be assumed random. So it is useful to take the dynamo equations with random coefficients, which take one of two values (the first one is connected with HI regions, and the second one - with HII). We have studied the magnetic field evolution in the stochastic dynamo model for some typical cases. From the mathematical point of view, the results show some special effects. Firstly, the magnetic field evolution demonstrates the intermittency effect: higher statistical moments of the field grow faster than the lower ones. Moreover, the magnetic field in this model can have large fluctuations, so we have also described the correlation function of the field.
AVAILABILITY OF NON-BEVERAGE ALCOHOLS IN RUSSIA IN 2015-2020: WERE CONTROL POLICIES IMPLEMENTED SINCE 2005 EFFECTIVE?
Authors: Gil Artyom , Savchuk Sergey , Appolonova Svetlana , Allenov Andrey , Khalfin Ruslan
Published: April 2021

Consumption of non-beverage alcohol is an important aspect of hazardous drinking, impacting mortality from various causes of death. Since 2005, non-beverage alcohols in Russia have been the subject of active regulation to control their consumption for drinking. This study was purported to determine whether non-beverage alcohols were available in Russia in 2015–2020 to assess the effectiveness of implemented control policies. During the first wave of the survey between 2015 and 2017, 50 Russian cities of various sizes, types, and locations were surveyed. The second wave was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in 5 cities, which were surveyed during the first wave. Fieldworkers visited various retail outlets and purchased samples of non-beverage alcohols: spirituous liquids with an ethanol content of at least 60% by volume sold at a price of less than 45 roubles per bottle ($0.57, €0.49, £0.44). Up until 2016 various types of non-beverage alcohols known as consumed for drinking were available in retail. The availability of these alcohols differed between cities depending on the level of local enforcement of control regulations. The regulations enacted in response to the 2016 Irkutsk outbreak of mass alcohol poisonings, caused by the consumption of methanol containing fake bath additive “Hawthorn”, removed from the market several types of non-beverage alcohols, significantly reducing their availability since 2017. However, low-cost ethanol sources, such as medicinal tinctures, antiseptics, not denatured eau-de-colognes, remained available in 2017-2020, while new sorts of cheap non-beverage alcohols suitable for drinking were introduced to the market (antiseptics for veterinary use, anti-SARS-CoV-2 hand sanitizers). Illegal alcoholic beverages commonly produced from diverted pharmaceutical/medicinal ethanol were also available in retail networks selling non-beverage alcohols. Since 2005, policies implemented and especially those reinforced and newly enacted in 2017 and later in response to the 2016 Irkutsk outbreak, may have indeed reduced the physical availability of non-beverage alcohols. However, more decisive action is still required to prevent consumption of newly appearing and existing specific sorts of non-beverage alcohols and illegal alcoholic beverages, which are commonly produced from the licit or diverted from the legal market unrecorded illicit pharmaceutical/medicinal ethanol.
Fortolkende retorisk kritik
Authors: Leff Michael
Published: April 2021

Til Den Anden Nordiske Konference for Retorikforskning i København i maj 2003 var Michael Leff indbudt som særlig gæsteforelæser over det ene konferencetema: retorisk kritik. Vi bringer her hans foredrag i oversættelse af Lisa Storm Villadsen. Med udgangspunkt i en analyse af Martin Luther Kings “Letter from Birmingham Jail” argumenterer Michael Leff for en meget tekstnær læsemåde, hvor analysen så at sige bliver en teori om sig selv og den givne tekst. Analysen viser således, hvordan Kings tekst afspejler de tanker og værdier, som den samtidig formulerer.
Fracking and Structural Shifts in Oil Supply
Authors: Walls W.D. , Zheng Xiaoli
Published: April 2021

The adoption of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and horizontal drilling technology substantively altered the structure of oil supply. Using disaggregate state-level data from the U.S, this paper provides empirical evidence that oil supplies are now asymmetric with respect to price changes as a result of the adoption of new production methods. The changed structure of U.S. oil supply—particularly the low supply elasticities for price declines and large supply elasticities for price increases—is consistent with the ineffectiveness of OPEC policies intended to drown fracking American producers in oil.
La crisis de la covid-19 y su impacto en los trabajos: ¿Una oportunidad perdida?
Authors: Borràs Català Vicent , Moreno Colom Sara
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del artículo es analizar el impacto de género de la crisis de la Covid-19 sobre los cambios que se venían dando en la distribución de los tiempos de trabajos entre mujeres y hombres antes de la pandemia. Dichos cambios, tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, señalaban una disminución del tiempo dedicado al trabajo doméstico por parte de las mujeres y un aumento del tiempo dedicado al cuidado de criaturas por parte de los hombres. La hipótesis de partida subraya que la mayor carga de trabajo doméstico y de cuidados que supone el confinamiento de la población recae, principalmente, sobre las mujeres. A partir de una estrategia metodológica de carácter cualitativo, se presentan distintas rutinas de confinamiento, así como el discurso de mujeres y hombres acerca del trabajo a distancia. Como conclusión se apunta que la crisis de la Covid-19 representa una oportunidad perdida para avanzar en la corresponsabilidad de los trabajos y la revalorización de las tareas domésticas.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear in the diagnostics of Ménière’s disease
Authors: Jasińska Agnieszka , Lachowska Magdalena , Wnuk Emilia , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: April 2021

Ménière’s disease is characterized by sudden episodes of vertigo accompanied by tinnitus and/or feeling of fullness in the ear as well as fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of this disease remains unknown. However, the enlargement of the inner ear’s endolymphatic spaces, referred to as endolymphatic hydrops, is considered the underlying condition. Thanks to recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) technology, it is now possible to obtain in vivo imaging of endolymphatic hydrops in patients presenting with Ménière’s disease symptoms. Visualization of the inner ear fluid compartments is achieved after gadolinium contrast is administered into the tympanic cavity or via the intravenous route. Evaluation of endolymphatic hydrops is possible as the contrast agent selectively penetrates the perilymph, and endolymph is visualized as contrast defects. The currently used radiological hydrops grading systems include qualitative, semi-quantitative, and volumetric scales. The methods are subject to ongoing modifications to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Numerous studies describe correlations between clinical symptoms and audiological and otoneurological examination results with the endolymphatic hydrops grade. MRI is also applicable in patients’ diagnostics with an incomplete or atypical course of the Ménière’s disease. In the course of the treatment, follow-up MRI scans enable assessing individual treatment modalities’ efficacy in terms of the severity of lesions and the further course of the disease within the inner ear.
LEGAL BASIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND, BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Authors: Czerwińska-Koral Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

Sustainable agricultural development is a concept of rural and agricultural development programming that combines production goals with environmental requirements. The sustainable development of sustainable agriculture is aimed at harmonizing social, economic and environmental goals. The principle of sustainable development is the axiological basis of the European Union’s activity and is nowadays the motive for legal and agricultural regulations. In Polish law, the principle of sustainable development is contained in Art. 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997 and is considered a systemic principle. The definition of sustainable development is included in Art. 3 point 50 of the Environmental Protection Law. In the provisions of the Act of February 20, 2015 on supporting rural areas with the participation of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development under the Rural Development Program for 2014-2020, we do not find a direct reference to the principle of sustainable development. The aim of the article is to highlight the legal basis of the principle of sustainable development and to answer the question whether the Rural Development Program implements the principle of sustainable development?
SUSPENSION OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD FOR A TAX LIABILITY IN PROCEEDINGS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF THE TAXPAYER’S REPRESENTATIVE – RESOLUTION OF THE SUPREME ADMINISTRATIVE COURT OF MARCH 18, 2019, FILE REF. ACT I FPS 3/18
Authors: Piasecka Patrycja
Published: April 2021

Discrepancies in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court and Voivodship Administrative Courts concerning the issue of the effectiveness of suspension of the limitation period for a tax liability in a case in which the taxpayer is represented by an attorney, led to a panel of seven judges of the Supreme Administrative Court adopting a resolution in the case no act I FPS 3/18. This resolution was a foregone conclusion on the role of the representative appointed by the party in the proceedings before the tax authority, stating that the omission of the representative in the proceedings has the same effects as the omission of the party, hence the delivery of the notice to the party about the suspension of the limitation period for the tax liability without taking into account the representative is
ineffective. The position of the Supreme Administrative Court leads to the implementation of the principle of active participation of a party in tax proceedings, expressed in the right to appoint a representative in all activities of the proceedings that do not require their personal participation, including, of course, receiving notices sent to a party pursuant to Art. 70c the Tax Ordinance even if the notification is made by the tax authority, before which no proceedings with the participation of the party’s representative are pending. In addition, the legal issue presented for resolution as relating to the issue of the limitation period is extremely
important for the actions taken by tax authorities. It also plays an invaluable role for the jurisprudence of administrative courts and, above all, for strengthening the taxpayer’s ability to effectively invoke the statute of limitations on tax liabilities.
ACTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE OFFICE OF COMPETITION AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST OF CONSUMERS; GLOSS TO THE JUDGMENT OF THE DISTRICT COURT – COURT OF COMPETITION AND CONSUMER PROTECTION OF JANUARY 7, 2020, XVII AMA 14/18
Authors: Smółka Bartosz
Published: April 2021

The commented judgment is a fundamental source of information on the protection of consumer rights and interests from the point of view of actions taken by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, as well as the courts. The essence of the issued ruling focuses not only on the proper procedure implementing the assumptions of consumer protection policy, but also refers to key concepts for consumers. In particular, to the concept of an average consumer model or the public interest in the process of consumer protection. The Court of Competition and Consumer Protection, following the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, also made significant considerations on the significance of the judgment issued as a result of the abstract control of contract templates.
Theoretical and research achievements of critical pedagogy in Poland
Authors: Czerepaniak-Walczak Maria
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to present the achievements and the current state of critical pedagogy in Poland, its sources of inspiration and theoretical analyses, and educational practices. The name "critical pedagogy" is adopted as a general name for complementary and synergistic pedagogical theories, research practices, and practical actions, which are concerned with mechanisms of liberation from experienced and understood oppression to responsible and courageous participation in social life. The text introduces the issues of the problem areas of "detailed" critical pedagogies, whose common goal is to discover and change those places and practices where are created conditions for experiences of recognition, freedom, and justice. These are an emancipatory pedagogy, a critical pedagogy of resistance, a critical gender pedagogy, and a pedagogy of recognition. In the text are also descriptions of practices in the critical research paradigm that underpins and framed scientific dissertations and educational activities. In the text are also descriptions of practices in the critical research paradigm that underpins and framed scientific dissertations and educational activities.
Interpreting Descartes Algebraically
Authors: Spiering Jamie Anne ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Descartes’s description of his method for discovering truth provides a helpful tool for interpreting his writings. In this article I offer a sample of how to interpret Descartes by understanding his algebraic method. My test case is the Cartesian teaching on divine freedom, which is well known to be inconsistent and often considered unfounded. I reconstruct the equations that led to these doctrines, arguing that Descartes held that the divine act of creation was both necessary and arbitrary because of the equations that resulted when he applied his method to the natural world.
People Don’t Want a Mosque Here: Destruction of Minority Religious Sites as a Strategy of Nationalism
Authors: Malji Andrea ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Religious sites are often at the center of confrontation. Groups frequently clash over the structures and the historical narratives surrounding sacred spaces. Religious sites encompass deeply entrenched meanings for groups of all backgrounds. These spaces represent identity, tradition, history, family, and belief systems. For minority groups, their religious sites can help provide a sense of belonging and serve as a monument to their history in the community. Due to their symbolic importance, religious sites are also vulnerable to violence by outside groups. Destructive acts targeting religious architecture and symbols are common throughout the world, but are especially frequent in identity-based conflicts, such as in Bosnia. However, the study of these attacks and their relationship to nationalist movements, particularly in Asia, has not been adequately studied. This article examines the destruction of Islamic sites in three distinct countries and contexts: India, Myanmar, and Xinjiang, China. In each case, Muslims are religious minorities and face varying levels of persecution. This article argues that the destruction of religious spaces and symbols has been used both literally and symbolically to claim a space for the dominant group and assert a right to the associated territory. The elimination of Muslim sites is part of a broader attempt to engage in a historical revisionism that diminishes or vilifies Muslims belonging in the region.
L’éthique ultime de Husserl. De l’auto-méditation à l’autoresponsabilité
Authors: Perreau Laurent ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

Les écrits du dernier Husserl développent une théorie du monde de la vie qui s’expose dans la Krisis de 1936 et dans les nombreux textes inédits qui lui font cortège. Si cette théorie du monde de la vie ne se présente pas, à première vue, comme une éthique ou une théorie de l’éthique (à la différence des cours prononcés par Husserl sur l’éthique et la théorie des valeurs), elle demeure marquée par une préoccupation éthique qui scelle l’unité des analyses husserliennes. Dans cet article, on cherchera à préciser les contours et la portée de cette ultime éthique husserlienne, en revenant en particulier sur le motif de l’auto-méditation (Selbstbesinnung) que Hus-serl érige en principe de la responsabilité individuelle et sociale.
Functional Limitations and Barriers to Care Influence the Likelihood of Adherence to Mammography Guideline
Authors: Suzuki Rie , McCarthy Michael J. , Ganai Sabah
Published: April 2021

Objective: In this study, we examined the influence of having a functional limitation (FL) on the likelihood of adherence to mammography guidelines, as well as the potential moderating role of barriers to care on this relationship. Methods: Women aged 50-75 years from
the 2017 National Health Interview Survey were assessed for FL and barriers to care as predictors mammography screening prevalence using weighted logistic regression. Results: Of 5627 women, most were without FLs (56%), Caucasian (81%), with at least a high school education (62%), married
(63%), had a usual source of care (97%), and reported barriers to care (9%). Compared to women without FLs, those with FLs were less likely to adhere to mammography guidelines in the past year. Endorsement of the items, Could not get through on the phone, Not open when you could go, and
No transportation negatively moderated this association (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.60, 95% Cl [0.59, 0.60], AOR = 0.54, 95% Cl [0.54, 0.55], and AOR = 0.32, 95% [0.31, 0.33], respectively). Conclusions: Improving the ability of women with FLs to schedule appointments that will
suit their functional needs within universal design guidelines may improve compliance.
Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccinations among North Carolina Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Bell Ronny , Imai Satomi , Rafferty Ann , Little Nancy Ruth Gaskins , Winterbauer Nancy , Luo Huabin
Published: April 2021

Objectives: In this study, we sought to elucidate the influenza and pneumonia vaccination practices of adults with diabetes in North Carolina. Methods: Using North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we examined 2011-2018 trend data and demographic
and health factors (2014-2018) in influenza (influenza vaccine receipt in the past year among adults ages 18+ years) and pneumonia (lifetime pneumonia vaccination receipt for adults ages 65+ years) vaccination adherence. Results: Influenza and pneumonia vaccination adherence rates were
consistently higher for adults with versus without diabetes and remained relatively stable over the study period for both groups. Among adults with diabetes, factors associated with higher influenza vaccination rates included non-Hispanic white race, age 65+ years, poorer health, having insurance,
and being a non-smoker. Pneumonia vaccination rates among adults with diabetes were higher for non-Hispanic Whites and those in poorer health. Conclusions: Adults with diabetes may be more likely to receive influenza and pneumonia vaccinations compared to adults without diabetes, but
these rates remain below recommended levels. African Americans, younger adults, those without health insurance and cigarette smokers are vulnerable to being non-compliant with vaccination recommendations that could reduce their risk of developing and suffering complications from these diseases
Esa asombrosa calle y sus numerosos recursos didácticos para la historia
Authors: Aparici Martí Joaquín
Published: April 2021

La calle está a nuestro alcance, llena de recursos didácticos para el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia. Y muchos de ellos pasan desapercibidos. Vamos a descubrirlos.

The street is within our reach full of didactic resources for the teaching and the learning of the history process, but unfortunately many of them go unnoticed. Let's go to discover them.
Acoso escolar en Educación Primaria y en Educación Secundaria en Badajoz. Análisis de los factores de riesgos
Authors: Fernández Guerrero Manuel , Suárez Ramírez Miriam , Rojo Ramos Jorge , Feu Molina Sebastián
Published: April 2021

En el periodo de la transición de Ed. Primaria a Educación Secundaria Obligatoria es donde se producen la mayoría de los casos de acoso escolar a lo largo de toda la geografía española. Es muy importante detectar dicha problemática con premura para analizarla y erradicarla de los centros escolares.

Con este estudio se ha pretendido identificar las formas de violencia que se producen en las aulas, y analizar la percepción del acoso escolar para cada una de las formas de violencia recibida y observada en función de las características de los alumnos de Ed. Primaria y ESO de la ciudad de Badajoz. Para ello han participado 1093 alumnos de 6º de Ed. Primaria y de 1º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de 19 centros educativos con edades entre 11 y 14 años. El instrumento utilizado ha sido el Cuestionario de Violencia Escolar Cotidiana (CUVECO).

Entre las conclusiones más destacadas podemos reseñar que en Badajoz existen algunos casos de acoso escolar con puntuaciones elevadas, las chicas observan más el acoso escolar, los chicos reciben más violencia verbal, la violencia observada predomina en ESO y a medida que la edad aumenta el alumno cambia la violencia verbal por la violencia física.

In the period of the transition from Primary to Compulsory Secondary Education is where most cases of bullying occur throughout the Spanish geography. It is very important to detect this problem quickly to analyse it and eradicate it from schools.

This study has been aimed at identifying the forms of violence occurring in classrooms, and analyzing the perception of bullying for each of the forms of violence received and observed based on the characteristics of Primary Ed. and ESO students in the city of Badajoz. For this purpose, 1093 students from 6th Ed. Primary and 1st Compulsory Secondary Education of 19 schools between 11 and 14 years old participated. The instrument used has been the Daily School Violence Questionnaire (CUVECO).

Among the most noteworthy conclusions we can say that in Badajoz there are some cases of bullying with high scores, girls see more bullying, boys receive more verbal violence, observed violence predominates in ESO and as age increases the student changes verbal violence by physical violence.
Tecnologías emergentes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje: hacia el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico
Authors: Lengua Cantero Claudia , Bernal Oviedo Giany , Flórez Balboza Wilson , Velandia Feria Miguel
Published: April 2021

El uso de las tecnologías de la información, como mediación entre los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, han supuesto la concepción y el diseño de nuevos paradigmas que coadyuven a definir nuevas propuestas didácticas y pedagógicas, con el objetivo de propiciar espacios y metodologías que trascienden a las tradicionales. El presente estudio se centró en caracterizar el uso de las tecnologías emergentes (TE) como mediación para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los diez últimos años. En este sentido, se analizó el uso de la inteligencia artificial en la educación, sus características y la arquitectura de los sistemas expertos. El método utilizado para la recolección de la información fue el análisis documental de diferentes artículos científicos. Se concluye que las tecnologías emergentes son un agente científico que se caracterizan por mantenerse en constante evolución y que en los últimos años se han situado como una de las tendencias con mayor desarrollo en el campo educativo. No obstante, en el caso concreto de la inteligencia artificial, esta no ha alcanzado su estado de madurez aún y no se evidencian estudios que la relacionen con el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico.

The use of information technologies, as mediation between the learning-teaching processes, has supposed the conception and new design of paradigms that helps to define new didactic and pedagogical proposals, with the objective of propitiating places and methodologies that transcend the traditional ones. This research it is focused on characterize the use of emerging technologies (ET) as mediation for critical thinking development in the last ten years. In this sense, the use of artificial intelligence in education, its characteristics and the expert systems architecture were analysed. The method used to collect the information was the documentary analysis of different scientific articles. It is concluded that emerging technologies are a scientific agent that are characterized by constant evolution andn the last years they have become one of the most developed trends in the field of education.  However, in the specific case of artificial intelligence, it has not yet reached its state of maturity and there is no evidence of studies that relate it to the critical thinking development.
Luces, sombras y retos del profesorado entorno a la gamificación apoyada en TIC: un estudio con maestros en formación
Authors: Romero Rodrigo Mercedes , López Marí María
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito identificar y describir las percepciones de un grupo de estudiantes de Máster en cuanto a los efectos positivos y negativos de la introducción de estrategias de gamificación apoyadas en el uso de TIC en sus alumnos, así como los retos a los que se enfrenta el profesorado en este sentido. El diseño de esta investigación se corresponde a un estudio de caso no experimental de tipo interpretativo, donde la recogida de información se planteó entorno al desarrollo de una actividad académica de tipo reflexivo-argumentativo teniendo en cuenta el contexto propio de los estudiantes junto con su experiencia profesional. Como principales ventajas se aludieron a los beneficios relacionados con la motivación, actitudes y emociones ante el aprendizaje, seguidos de mejoras en aspectos sociales y comportamentales. Por el contrario, las dudas generadas en relación a aspectos conceptuales y de contenido sumado a la sobreexposición de la tecnología, son las preocupaciones más habituales. En cuanto a los retos se subrayó la importancia de hacerles frente desde una triple vertiente que integrase tanto una perspectiva pedagógica, como digital y económica. Desde esta premisa urgen a revisar desde la concepción y formulación de propuestas formativas integrales destinadas a los profesores, las necesidades de equipamiento en los centros, hasta la revisión de estrategias didácticas gamificadas a fin de tener en cuenta la diversidad existente en las aulas.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the perceptions of a group of Master's students regarding the positive and negative effects of the introduction of gamification strategies supported by the use of ICT in their students, as well as the challenges facing teachers in this regard. The design of this research corresponds to an interpretative non-experimental case study, where the collection of information was based on the development of an academic activity of a reflexive-argumentative type taking into account the students' own context as well as their professional experience. The main advantages were the benefits related to motivation, attitudes and emotions towards learning, followed by improvements in social and behavioral aspects. On the contrary, the doubts generated in relation to conceptual aspects and content added to the overexposure of technology, are the most common concerns. Regarding the challenges, the importance of addressing them from a threefold perspective that integrates both a pedagogical, digital and economic perspective was stressed. They need to review from the conception and formulation of comprehensive training proposals for teachers, the equipment needs in schools, until the review of gamified teaching strategies to take account of the diversity in the classroom.
Effect of Tribochemical Surface Treatment Technique on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Novel CAD/CAM Post Restorations
Authors: KÜÇÜKEKENCİ Ahmet Serkan , DEDE Doğu Ömür
Published: April 2021

Amaçlar: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tribokimyasal yüzey işleminin (Tbc) güncel CAD/CAM post materyalleri ile kök kanal dentini arasındaki itme bağlantı dayanımına (İBD) etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereçler ve Yöntemler: Yeni çekilmiş sağlam 52 adet insan maksiller santral kesici dişleri seçildi ve endodontik olarak tedavi edildi. Dişler, kullanılan post materyaline göre rastgele 7 gruba ayrıldı: Kompozit fiber post (FRC), In Coris TZI (Zr), IPS e.max CAD (Lds), Vita Suprinity (Zls), GC Cerasmart (RMC_Ce), Lava Ultimate (RMC_Lu) ve Vita Enamic (RMC_En). Daha sonra, FRC dışındaki postlar, uygulanan yüzey işlemine göre rastgele iki alt gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol (herhangi bir işlem yok), Tbc (CoJet). Post boşluğunun hazırlanmasından sonra, post örnekler dual-cure kendinden yapışkanlı adeziv rezin siman ile simante edildi. Herbir dişin kökünden 1 mm kalınlığında 3 adet kesit olmak üzere toplam 156 adet kesit elde edildi (n = 12). Her kesit için İBD testi yapıldı ve sonuçlar iki yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey HSD testleri kullanılarak p < 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde analiz edildi.
Bulgular: En düşük İBD değerleri, yüzey işlemi uygulanmayan (17.24 ± 1.33 MPa) ve tribokimyasal kaplı (23.09 ± 2.16 MPa) Zr grupları için elde edildi (p < 0.05). En yüksek İBD değerleri, yüzey işlemi uygulanmayan RMC_Ce (42.45 ± 2.42 MPa) ve RMC_Lu (45.22 ± 2.32 MPa) grupları (p = 0.215) ve tribokimyasal kaplı RMC_Ce (43.55 ± 2.63 MPa) ve RMC_Lu (45.38 ± 2.59 MPa) grupları için elde edildi (p = 0.821). Kalan post grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar gözlendi (p < 0.05). Tribokimyasal yüzey işlemi, Lds, Zls ve Zr post gruplarının İBD değerlerini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır (p < 0.05). En yaygın olarak Adeziv kırık tipi görüldü (n = 78).
Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, CAD/CAM RMC post gruplarının İBD değerlerinin FRC, Zr, Lds ve Zls post gruplarından daha yüksek olduğunu ve Tbc'nin tüm CAD/CAM post gruplarının İBD değerlerini artırdığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: CAD-CAM, itme bağlantı dayanımı, post-restorasyon, yüzey işlemi.