bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Two Hands (From Different People) Better Than One? Mode Effects and Differential Transfer Between Manual Coordination Modes
Authors: Gorman Jamie C. , Crites Michael J.
Published: January 2013

Objective:

We report an experiment in which we investigated differential transfer between unimanual (one-handed), bimanual (two-handed), and intermanual (different peoples’ hands) coordination modes.

Background:

People perform some manual tasks faster than others (“mode effects”). However, little is known about transfer between coordination modes. To investigate differential transfer, we draw hypotheses from two perspectives—information based and constraint based—of bimanual and interpersonal coordination and skill acquisition.

Method:

Participants drove a teleoperated rover around a circular path in sets of two 2-min trials using two of the different coordination modes. Speed and variability of the rover’s path were measured. Order of coordination modes was manipulated to examine differential transfer and mode effects.

Results:

Differential transfer analyses revealed patterns of positive transfer from simpler (localized spatiotemporal constraints) to more complex (distributed spatiotemporal constraints) coordination modes paired with negative transfer in the opposite direction. Mode effects indicated that intermanual performance was significantly faster than unimanual performance, and bimanual performance was intermediate. Importantly, all of these effects disappeared with practice.

Conclusion:

The observed patterns of differential transfer between coordination modes may be better accounted for by a constraint-based explanation of differential transfer than by an information-based one. Mode effects may be attributable to anticipatory movements based on dyads’ access to mutual visual information.

Application:

Although people may be faster using more-complex coordination modes, when operators transition between modes, they may be more effective transitioning from simpler (e.g., bimanual) to more complex (e.g., intermanual) modes than vice versa. However, this difference may be critical only for novel or rarely practiced tasks.
Attitudinal and behavioral indicators influencing employment decisions among married and single mothers in Taipei, Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Mei-O , Leung Patrick
Published: January 2013

This study examines employment decisions of 113 single and 322 married mothers and predicts that mothers were more likely to engage in paid work when the following factors were present: the acceptance of childcare from others, the association of positive meaning with employment, the importance of being part of the workforce, and the belief in enriched human capital. Mothers who believed that housework affects the ability to work outside the home and who adhered to beliefs favoring division of labor by gender were less likely to seek paid employment.
Pushing the Envelope for Evolution and Social Change
Authors: Van Gundy Alana , Bryant Angela , Starks Brian C.
Published: January 2013

The Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program (Inside-Out) is a program that offers college courses taught in a blended classroom within correctional settings, resulting in multiple challenges for instructors. This article focuses on three major challenges that should be considered by Inside-Out instructors: addressing legal challenges for the instructor, students, university, and prison site; creating and sustaining diversity in a blended classroom; and, balancing the rules of the Inside-Out program and the institution. Utilizing a post hoc observation-as-participant framework, we present our experiences of teaching Inside-Out courses to demonstrate these distinct challenges and provide recommendations for current and future Inside-Out faculty, as well as the National program.
Self-Efficacy
Authors: Allred Sarah L. , Harrison Lana D. , O’Connell Daniel J.
Published: January 2013

Self-efficacy in academic settings is an established correlate of educational accomplishments with relevance beyond the classroom. It is a socially created propensity to view oneself as capable of responding to a range of life contingencies. We measure shifts in self-efficacy within prison-based courses that are modeled after the Inside–Out Prison Exchange Program. Courses include college students (outside) and people who are incarcerated (inside) learning together in a prison classroom. Inside students report lower levels of self-efficacy at Time 1 and an increase in self-efficacy by Time 2. Outside student levels of self-efficacy remain the same across time.
Romanian Suburban Housing: Home Improvement through Owner-building
Authors: Soaita Adriana Mihaela
Published: January 2013

The new suburban housing developments in post-socialist cities have been ubiquitous icons of socioeconomic and physical change. This paper examines suburban owner-built housing as a long-term strategy of home improvement in Romania. It analyses residents’ motivations and financial strategies to move up the housing ladder through owner-building and their responses to key neighbourhood problems, in particular poor public infrastructure and non-existent public facilities. It is argued that owner-builders generally benefitted from the economic informality, the relaxed legal culture and the unregulated housing context of the Romanian post-socialist transition; but the absence of public actors has weakened their achievements, which is most apparent at neighbourhood level. The paper draws attention to a context of politico-economic reforms and a set of socio-cultural values of housing privatism in which resident responses may frequently generate consequential (collective) problems localised at the level of streets, neighbourhoods or even the whole society.
The Tragedy of Blood-Based Membership
Authors: Kasimis Demetra
Published: January 2013

Classical Athens assimilated and disenfranchised a large, free immigrant population of “metics” on the basis of blood, generation after generation. Yet immigration politics remain a curiously displaced context for interpreting ancient Greek political thought and its instructive criticisms of democratic citizenship. Accordingly, Euripides’s Ion—the only classical text devoted to exploring the founding myth Athens used to naturalize metics’ exclusion from citizenship–is underexamined by political theorists. Attending to the play’s metic figurations and historical-poetic contexts, this essay argues that the Ion is a hitherto unappreciated immigration fable about the paradoxes of blood-based citizenship. Drawing ultimately on the work of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, it shows that the tragedy is a still-relevant political critique of the practices of concealment and disclosure—so dominant in today’s U.S. immigration rights debate—that make political status look prior to and generative of citizenship practice.
Effect of hot-air ageing on properties of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber/samarium borate/polyolefin and EPDM/antimony-doped tin oxide/polyolefin composites
Authors: Su Jun , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2013

Ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber/samarium borate (SmBO3)/polyolefin and EPDM/antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO)/polyolefin composites are aged at 150°C for different intervals. The addition of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can delay the decrease in elongation at the break of EPDM/filler composites in the first 7 days of ageing. Moreover, the risen branch content of polyolefin can cause more crystals melt during ageing. It is found that acidic ATO particles would promote the formation of oxidative products during ageing. The substitution of SmBO3 by acidic ATO can boost the decrease amplitude of elongation at break of EPDM/filler/LDPE, EPDM/filler/LLDPE and EPDM/filler/HDPE in the first 7 days of ageing. The color change is correlated well with the variation in carbonyl index. The crystallinity is mainly influenced by the chemical cross-link points during ageing. The tendency of tensile strength is well consistent with that of swelling ratios, and the electric properties are correlated with increased polar groups and crystallinity.
A semi-supervised feature selection method using a non-parametric technique with pairwise instance constraints
Authors: Chen Chien-Hsing
Published: January 2013

Many feature selection methods based on supervised learning have investigated side information that considers labelled instances. In this paper, we present a new feature selection method for semi-supervised learning, helped by side information, and the selected features are useful for discovering natural clusters. To select salient features for clustering, most existing wrapper-based feature selection methods study features from the partitioned clusters that result from a prespecified clustering algorithm. The selected features often suffer from both noisy features participating in the partitioning process and bias in the clustering algorithm selection. To overcome these problems, our method does not need clustered information to train features. In particular, our method uses side information to select features directly from the nearest and the farthest neighbours regardless of any clustering algorithm helping to partition data into clusters; specifically, the side information is considered to form pairwise instance constraints to guide the feature selection process and assign a weight for each instance for training. Experimental results indicate that our method, tested on image datasets, outperforms many well known wrapper-based feature selection methods in selecting features for clustering.
The stereoisomer (+)-naloxone potentiates G-protein coupling and feeding associated with stimulation of mu opioid receptors in the parabrachial nucleus
Authors: Chaijale Nayla N , Aloyo Vincent J , Simansky Kenny J
Published: January 2013

Classically, opioids produce their effects by activating Gi-proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Previous studies proposed that mu-opioid receptors can also stimulate adenylate cyclase due to an initial transient coupling to Gs-proteins. Treatment with ultra-low doses of the nonselective opioid antagonist (–)-naloxone or its inactive enantiomer (+)-naloxone blocks this excitatory effect and enhances Gi-coupling. Previously we reported that infusion of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Glycinol5]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) into the mu-opioid receptor expressing lateral parabrachial nucleus increases feeding. Pretreatment with (–)-naloxone blocks this effect. We used this parabrachial circuit as a model to assess cellular actions of ultra-low doses of (–)-naloxone and (+)-naloxone in modifying the effects of DAMGO. Our results showed that an ultra-low concentration of (–)-naloxone (0.001 nM) and several concentrations of (+)-naloxone (0.01–10 nM) enhanced DAMGO-stimulated guanosine-5′-0-(γ-thio)-triphosphate incorporation in parabrachial sections in vitro. Further, we analyzed the relevance of these effects in vivo. In the present study, we show that (+)-naloxone can potentiate DAMGO-induced feeding at doses at which (–)-naloxone was an antagonist. These results implicated (+)-naloxone as a novel tool for studying mu-opioid receptor functions and suggest that (+)-naloxone may have therapeutic value to enhance clinical actions of opiate drugs.
A brief history of oxytocin and its role in modulating psychostimulant effects
Authors: Carson Dean S , Guastella Adam J , Taylor Emily R , McGregor Iain S
Published: January 2013

Over the past century, the polypeptide oxytocin has played an important role in medicine with major highlights including the identification of its involvement in parturition and the milk let-down reflex. Oxytocin is now implicated in an extensive range of psychological phenomena including reward and memory processes and has been investigated as a treatment for several psychiatric disorders including addiction, anxiety, autism, and schizophrenia. In this review, we first provide an historical overview of oxytocin and describe key aspects of its physiological activity. We then outline some pharmacological limitations in this field of research before highlighting the role of oxytocin in a wide range of behavioral and neuronal processes. Finally, we review evidence for a modulatory role of oxytocin with regard to psychostimulant effects. Key findings suggest that oxytocin attenuates a broad number of cocaine and methamphetamine induced behaviors and associated neuronal activity in rodents. Evidence also outlines a role for oxytocin in the prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) in both rodents and humans. Clinical trials should now investigate the effectiveness of oxytocin as a novel intervention for psychostimulant addiction and should aim to determine its specific role in the therapeutic properties of MDMA that are currently being investigated.
Genomic instability in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Li Ming , Qin Songbing , Wang Lili , Zhou Juying
Published: January 2013

Objective

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder affecting multiple organs that results in renal and extrarenal cysts. Patients with ADPKD may have genomic instability, making them more vulnerable to developing cancer. This study aimed to investigate latent genomic instability in patients with ADPKD, using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay).

Methods

The susceptibility of peripheral blood lymphocytes to DNA damage induced by X-ray treatment (0.5 Gy) was tested in 20 patients with ADPKD using single-cell gel electrophoresis. The percentage of DNA in the comet tail (TDNA%) before and after irradiation was compared between patients with ADPKD and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects.

Results

Renal and extrarenal cysts were observed in patients with ADPKD. A significantly higher mean TDNA% was determined in patients with ADPKD compared with control subjects (8.85% versus 7.50%). After in vitro irradiation, DNA damage was significantly increased in all participants, but the increase was significantly greater in patients with ADPKD compared with control subjects.

Conclusion

These data suggest that patients with ADPKD have genomic instability, which may trigger renal and extrarenal cyst formation.
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) is a novel therapeutic target for diabetic complications
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Luo Ping , Wang Yangwei , Cui Yingchun , Miao Lining
Published: January 2013

Diabetes is a leading cause of death and disability. In 2004, 3.4 million people worldwide died of symptoms relating to high blood sugar. Diabetic complications are caused by organ damage resulting from long-term exposure to high blood sugar, and include diseases such as heart failure, kidney failure, vision loss and neuropathy. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2, also known as NRF2) is an important component of the intracellular antioxidant machinery and a target for treatment of diabetic complications. This article reviews the role of NFE2L2 in diabetic complications with a focus on diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Activation of NFE2L2 protects against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, and represents an important target for prophylaxis and treatment of diabetic complications. NFE2L2 has potential clinical applications for diabetic patients in the near future.
Lightning and its association with the frequency of headache in migraineurs: An observational cohort study
Authors: Martin Geoffrey V , Houle Timothy , Nicholson Robert , Peterlin Albert , Martin Vincent T
Published: January 2013

Aim

The aim of this article is to determine if lightning is associated with the frequency of headache in migraineurs.

Methods

Participants fulfilling diagnostic criteria for International Headache Society-defined migraine were recruited from sites located in Ohio ( n = 23) and Missouri ( n = 67). They recorded headache activity in a daily diary for three to six months. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression determined the odds ratio (OR) of headache on lightning days compared to non-lightning days. Other weather factors associated with thunderstorms were also added as covariates to the GEE model to see how they would attenuate the effect of lightning on headache.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 44 and 91% were female. The OR for headache was 1.31 (95% confidence limits (CL); 1.07, 1.66) during lighting days as compared to non-lightning days. The addition of thunderstorm-associated weather variables as covariates were only able to reduce the OR for headache on lightning days to 1.18 (95% CL; 1.02, 1.37). The probability of having a headache on lightning days was also further increased when the average current of lightning strikes for the day was more negative.

Conclusion

This study suggests that lightning represents a trigger for headache in migraineurs that cannot be completely explained by other meteorological factors. It is unknown if lightning directly triggers headaches through electromagnetic waves or indirectly through production of bioaerosols (e.g. ozone), induction of fungal spores or other mechanisms. These results should be interpreted cautiously until replicated in a second dataset.
Levodopa Does Not Improve Function in Individuals with Dystonic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Pozin Inna , Bdolah-Abram Tali , Ben-Pazi Hilla
Published: January 2013

Although levodopa is the main treatment for dystonia, its role in cerebral palsy has not been assessed. We hypothesized that levodopa will improve upper limb function in individuals with cerebral palsy. Nine participants (age 16.8 ± 5.6 years) with quadriplegic cerebral palsy and upper limb dystonia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Function was assessed before and after 2 weeks of treatment of levodopa and placebo using box-and-blocks, 9-hole pegs, dynamometer recordings, and Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. No benefits for upper limb functional performance were found following levodopa (6.65 ± 1.66 mg/kg/d) treatment compared to placebo. No side effects were reported.
The Role of Emotions in the Construction of Masculinity
Authors: Montes Veronica
Published: January 2013

This article examines how migration contributes to the plurality of masculinities among Guatemalan men, particularly among migrant men and their families. I argue that migration offers an opportunity to men, both migrant and nonmigrant, to reflect on their emotional relations with distinct family members, and show how, by engaging in this reflexivity, these men also have the opportunity to vent those emotions in a way that offsets some of the negative traits associated to a hegemonic masculinity, such as being unemotional, nonnurturing, aggressive, and dispassionate. This study contributes to transnational migration studies in three ways: (1) by examining the more personal and emotional side of transnational life, (2) by examining ways in which men step away from culturally expected hegemonic masculine identity, and (3) by providing an empirical study of subaltern masculinities, particularly among transnational immigrant men. Drawing on multi-sited, in-depth interviews conducted in Guatemala and California, my research contributes to our understanding of the emotional costs of transnational migration for migrants and their families, particularly for men, by examining the interplay among gender, family, and transnational migration.
The Healthy Body Paradox
Authors: Rauscher Lauren , Kauer Kerrie , Wilson Bianca D.M.
Published: January 2013

In this article, we present paradoxical findings from a formative evaluation research project that explores how preadolescent girls understand and feel about their bodies after participating in “Girls on the Run of Los Angeles County”(GOTR LA), a girl-serving positive youth development program. Findings from pre/post test data ( n=138) show that girls’ body image improved after participation in GOTR LA, yet many girls also reported the dominant thin ideal and the importance of not being fat as key characteristics of strong and healthy bodies. Ethnographic data suggest that institutional, organizational, and interactional factors contribute to these findings. Institutionalized fat-negative discourses translate into subtle messages regarding health and the body through organizational communications and through interactions between volunteer coaches and participants in ways that solidify dominant conceptions of the feminine body despite explicit programmatic intentions to challenge them. Theoretically, we draw from feminist cultural studies’ work on the gendered body to expand the dominant focus on institutionalized obsessions with thinness through the critical analysis of fat and anti-fat bias. On an applied level, our discussion of unintended program outcomes reveals the complexities in organizational interventions designed to influence girls’ body image.
Barriers to Career Success for Minority Researchers in the Behavioral Sciences
Authors: Kameny Rebecca R. , DeRosier Melissa E. , Taylor Lorraine C. , McMillen Janey Sturtz , Knowles Meagan M. , Pifer Kimberly
Published: January 2013

The United States falls short in the diversity of its scientific workforce. While the underrepresentation of minority researchers in the behavioral sciences has been a concern for several decades, policy and training initiatives have been only marginally successful in increasing their number. Diversity plays a critical role in our nation’s capacity for research and innovation, yet current approaches prove inadequate. The current study used a qualitative approach to investigate the institutional, cultural, skills, and personal career barriers faced by minority researchers in the behavioral sciences. Data were collected from a select group of minority researchers (defined for this study as women and/or people of color) who attended a 3-and-one-half-day intensive workshop developed specifically to address career barriers. Seventy-two percent ( n = 43) encountered workplace barriers relating to race/ethnicity; 26% reported barriers related to gender. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
A Retrospective Pattern Analysis
Authors: Toscano Sharyl Eve
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this article was to explore the application of pattern analysis retrospectively to a 2-year relationship between me and a young mother of a small child with spina bifida. Five patterns are presented within the context of movement, time, space, and consciousness, followed by analysis of transitions, transforming experiences, and choice points. Finally connectedness with client is discussed along with implications for praxis.
Globalization and the erosion of the Nordic model: A Swedish–Finnish comparison
Authors: Bergholm Tapio , Bieler Andreas
Published: January 2013

In 1990 Swedish employers ended peak-level bargaining, while in 2007 the Finnish employers’ confederation withdrew from the tripartite bargaining system. This article compares the two events, examining the underlying dynamics of class struggle and in particular the shift in structural power resulting from the transnational organization of production. We argue that the far lower degree of transnationalization in Finland explains why the attack on the established class compromise happened much later than in Sweden and has been less successful.
A successful Switch From Transdermal Fentanyl to Transdermal Buprenorphine in a Patient with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Leppert Wojciech
Published: January 2013

Buprenorphine is a frequently used opioid in the treatment of neuropathic pain component that is often present in patients with cancer. A case of a 41-year-old patient was depicted whose pain syndrome was associated with the chondrosarcoma growth originating from the sacral bone and numerous surgical interventions and radiotherapy. Improvement in analgesia and good toleration of therapy were observed after switching from transdermal fentanyl to transdermal buprenorphine while maintaining treatment with antidepressants and anticonvulsants. This case report indicates a possibility of a safe switch of transdermal opioids at home, which may provide benefits in terms of analgesia and adverse effects and in consequence have positive impact on the patients’ quality of life. This is also accompanied by constant psychological, social, and spiritual support provided to the patient and family.
Viewpoint–participation–technique: A model of participative requirements elicitation
Authors: Durugbo Christopher , Riedel Johann c.k.h.
Published: January 2013

Requirements elicitation is an early phase process in systems development that captures user needs and represents them as a set of requirements. In view of increasing demand for products and services that target mass markets, requirements analysts have begun emphasising the need for participation of end users and customers during elicitation. This article proposes the viewpoint–participation–technique model of requirements elicitation that integrates functions for strategizing elicitation participation and selecting elicitation techniques. A step-by-step approach to using the viewpoint–participation–technique model is then presented, and the model is illustrated through a case study of the elicitation process for an interlibrary loan service. The article also discusses some applications and limitations of the viewpoint–participation–technique model and concludes by identifying possible future research directions.
Oral Leiomyomatous Hamartoma of the Median Maxillary Gingiva
Authors: ALQahtani Dalal , Qannam Ahmed
Published: January 2013

Oral leiomyomatous hamartoma (OLH) is a rare lesion seen in the oral cavity. It mainly presents on the median maxilla and tongue. In the literature in English, there are only 10 reported cases of OLH of the median maxilla. Most of the cases were found in patients of Japanese and Latin American origin. We report a case of OLH in an 18-month-old boy of Middle Eastern ancestry. The lesion presented as a pedunculated, light pink, soft swelling that was located on the labial gingiva of tooth number 21. Microscopically, it showed proliferative smooth-muscle fascicles dispersed in loose fibrous stroma and multiple small vessels. The lesional cells looked mature and elongated and were deeply eosinophilic spindle cells with basophilic, central “cigar-shaped” nuclei. The diagnosis of OLH was supported by positive immunohistochemical reactivity of smooth-muscle actin and desmin. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of OLH in a Middle Eastern patient.
Microinvasive Lobular Carcinoma Arising in a Fibroadenoma
Authors: Hayes Brian D. , Quinn Cecily M.
Published: January 2013

A 51-year-old woman had a 35 mm circumscribed calcified lesion identified on screening mammography, designated R4. Excision showed a fibroadenoma with multiple foci of lobular neoplasia (atypical lobular hyperplasia and classical lobular carcinoma in situ [LCIS]). A focus of microinvasive lobular carcinoma (MILC) was also present, confirmed on immunohistochemistry. The MILC cells were ER positive, Her-2-negative, and e-cadherin negative. Microinvasive carcinoma, defined as “invasive carcinoma with no focus measuring >1 mm” (TNM UICC 7th edition) is usually encountered in ductal carcinoma in situ but may occur with classical, florid, or pleomorphic LCIS. In one series MILC constituted 0.4% of all invasive lobular carcinomas and was present in 0.4% of all LCIS. MILC is a histologically subtle lesion, the identification of which lends further weight to the concept of lobular neoplasia as a precursor lesion. MILC has been observed in hamartoma but, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported in fibroadenoma.
Multiple Cystic Brain Metastases From Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Mimicking Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Bago-Rožanković Petra , Bašić Silvio , Vavro Hrvoje , Rožanković Marjan , Nikolić Igor , Muller Danko , Grahovac Gordan
Published: January 2013

The papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is the most common type of tumor of the thyroid gland with good prognosis and low incidence of distant metastasis. The brain metastases of thyroid gland carcinoma are extremely rare. We report a patient with multiple cystic brain lesions and satisfying criteria for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Brain biopsy revealed brain metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma. The tumor originated from mediastinal thyroid tissue. Even in cases when neuroimaging suggests neurocysticercosis with great accuracy, it is important to exclude metastasis. Extensive brain metastases of primary papillary thyroid carcinoma are extremely rare.
Maximizing and Counterfactual Thinking in Academic Major Decision Making
Authors: Leach Jennifer Kay , Patall Erika A.
Published: January 2013

This study explored the role of decision-making orientation and post-decision thinking in one’s satisfaction with their choice of college major, as well as their motivation for tasks related to their major, perceptions of competence in major coursework, and their academic performance. Three hundred and seventy-eight college students in their junior or senior year completed a survey assessing the above variables. Results suggested that a maximizing decision-making orientation positively related to students’ tendency to engage in upward counterfactual thinking or evaluative thoughts toward the favorable outcomes of an alternative decision. Upward counterfactual thinking, in turn, negatively related to students’ satisfaction, value for coursework, perceived competence, and autonomous regulation within their major, as well as their overall grade point average, controlling for major college. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Flexible Pes Planus in Adolescents
Authors: Tenenbaum Shay , Hershkovich Oded , Gordon Barak , Bruck Nathan , Thein Ran , Derazne Estela , Tzur Dorit , Shamiss Ari , Afek Arnon
Published: January 2013

Background:

Most studies on the prevalence of flexible pes planus (FPP) have been conducted in pediatric populations and older adults. There is limited comparable information on these parameters for the adolescent age group. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of FPP and its association with body mass index (BMI), body height, and gender among healthy and fit adolescents.

Methods:

The data for this study were derived from a medical database containing records of 17-year-old males and females before their recruitment into mandatory military service. Information on the disability codes associated with FPP according to the Regulations of Medical Fitness Determination was retrieved. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between BMI, body height, and gender to various grades of FPP severity.

Results:

The study cohort included 825 964 adolescents (467 412 males and 358 552 females). The prevalence was 12.4% for mild FPP and 3.8% for severe FPP among the males and 9.3% and 2.4%, respectively, for the females. An increased BMI was associated with FPP in both males (overweight: odds ratio [OR] 1.385, confidence interval [CI] 1.352-1.419, P < .001; obese: OR 1.765, CI 1.718-1.813, P < .001) and females (overweight: OR 1.408, CI 1.365-1.620, P < .001; obese: OR 1.549, CI 1.481-1.620, P < .001). Body height was associated with a decreased risk of FPP when the highest height quintile was compared with the lowest height quintile in both males (OR 0.782, CI 0.762-0.802, P < .001) and females (OR 0.730, CI 0.707-0.754, P < .001) for all FPP severity grades.

Conclusions:

There was a greater prevalence of FPP among males compared with females in a general healthy adolescent age group. FPP was associated with increased BMI and shorter body height for all grades of FPP severity.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, diagnostic study.
Prospective Study of the Treatment of Adult Primary Hallux Valgus With Scarf Osteotomy and Soft Tissue Realignment
Authors: Choi Jae Hyuck , Zide Jacob R. , Coleman Scott C. , Brodsky James W.
Published: January 2013

Background:

The scarf osteotomy has been a widely practiced bunion operation, but relatively limited prospective data on its outcomes have been reported. The purpose of this investigation was to prospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of treatment of adult primary hallux valgus using the scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal with soft tissue realignment.

Methods:

Hallux valgus corrections were performed on 51 patients (53 feet), who were followed for at least 1 year with an average follow-up of 24 months. Mean age at the time of surgery was 59 years, and subjects included 3 male and 48 female patients. Prospective clinical data collected included the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux-interphalangeal scale score, the SF-36 scores, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Prospective radiologic data were also collected including hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and medial sesamoid position (MSP). Clinical data were collected on complications and reoperations.

Results:

Mean AOFAS hallux-interphalangeal score increased from 52 preoperatively to 88 postoperatively. Mean preoperative and last follow-up SF-36 physical component summary increased from 46 preoperatively to 52 postoperatively, whereas mean VAS pain scores decreased from 5.8 preoperatively to 1.1 postoperatively. All the changes in clinical outcomes were statistically significant, except the Mental Component Summary of the SF-36. Mean preoperative HVA decreased from 29 degrees preoperatively to 10.7 degrees in the initial postoperative period and was maintained at last follow-up at 10.6 degrees. The mean preoperative IMA decreased from 13.6 degrees preoperatively to 5.6 degrees in the initial postoperative period and regressed mildly at last follow-up to 7.8 degrees. The mean preoperative MSP grade of 2.3 decreased to 0.5 in the initial postoperative period and regressed mildly to 0.9 at last follow-up. All radiographic changes were statistically significant. The overall complication rate was 15% (8/53), attributable to 4 feet with symptomatic hardware, 2 feet with hallux varus, and 2 feet with progression of first MTP arthritis. Reoperations were performed in 4 feet (8%) for removal of symptomatic hardware.

Conclusion:

Scarf osteotomy was a reliable technique for correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus and had low rates of complication or recurrence.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Emotional Mimicry as Social Regulation
Authors: Hess Ursula , Fischer Agneta
Published: January 2013

Emotional mimicry is the imitation of the emotional expressions of others. According to the classic view on emotional mimicry (the Matched Motor Hypothesis), people mimic the specific facial movements that comprise a discrete emotional expression. However, little evidence exists for the mimicry of discrete emotions; rather, the extant evidence supports only valence-based mimicry. We propose an alternative Emotion Mimicry in Context view according to which emotional mimicry is not based on mere perception but rather on the interpretation of signals as emotional intentions in a specific context. We present evidence for the idea that people mimic contextualized emotions rather than simply expressive muscle movements. Our model postulates that (implicit or explicit) contextual information is needed for emotional mimicry to take place. It takes into account the relationship between observer and expresser, and suggests that emotional mimicry depends on this relationship and functions as a social regulator.
The Social Distance Theory of Power
Authors: Magee Joe C. , Smith Pamela K.
Published: January 2013

We propose that asymmetric dependence between individuals (i.e., power) produces asymmetric social distance, with high-power individuals feeling more distant than low-power individuals. From this insight, we articulate predictions about how power affects (a) social comparison, (b) susceptibility to influence, (c) mental state inference and responsiveness, and (d) emotions. We then explain how high-power individuals’ greater experienced social distance leads them to engage in more abstract mental representation. This mediating process of construal level generates predictions about how power affects (a) goal selection and pursuit, (b) attention to desirability and feasibility concerns, (c) subjective certainty, (d) value-behavior correspondence, (e) self-control, and (f) person perception. We also reassess the approach/inhibition theory of power, noting limitations both in what it can predict and in the evidence directly supporting its proposed mechanisms. Finally, we discuss moderators and methodological recommendations for the study of power from a social distance perspective.
Coupled oil film lubricated contact simulation for ICEs
Authors: Offner Guenter , Diwoky Franz , Schweiger Christoph , Baier Wolfgang
Published: January 2013

The authors have developed a coupled simulation methodology to target strong interactions between component dynamics, lubricated contacts and connecting oil supply lines in internal combustion engines. The dynamics of engine components, called bodies, is represented by a flexible multi-body approach. The mixed lubricated contacts between the component surfaces are represented by an averaged Reynolds equation considering an asperity contact model according to Greenwood and Tripp. The connections between oil bores are modelled by an oil supply line network. Within the network straight cylindrical lines are considered. The oil is assumed to be incompressible with isothermal viscosity. The flow in each line is described by a steady-state one-dimensional Euler equation, i.e. Bernoulli equation. Fictitious force effects, which result from the motion of the enclosing component, and cavitation effects are considered. The article discusses in particular the theory and the implementation of the oil supply line network as well as its coupling to the multi-body system and the hydrodynamic equations. Furthermore, the validation of the oil line model is presented. This is done via comparison with an equivalent three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation. Finally, an application is shown for a single-cylinder internal combustion engine. All bodies of the model are represented to be flexible. Oil supply lines connect the big end bearing with one main bearing and with the small end bearing.
Needed action in health literacy
Authors: Rudd Rima E
Published: January 2013

Insights for action in the relatively new field of health literacy have been constrained by the emphasis on the literacy skills of the individuals. Early studies into the relationship between literacy and health outcomes were not appropriately balanced with examinations of individuals’ skills and health system demands. Most studies focused on the measures of patients’ reading skills without due attention to the health tasks undertaken, the health materials used, or the skills of providers with whom patients were interacting. Furthermore, public health is founded on the epidemiologic notion of the reciprocal relationship between individuals and environments. Early studies in health literacy did not attend to context—the physical and social environment of health-care settings. New initiatives in health literacy must bring attention to the demands and expectations of health systems and to the proficiencies of the various health professionals who prepare documents and information for the public and who interact with communities and patients.
A randomized trial comparing two approaches to weight loss: Differences in weight loss maintenance
Authors: Carels Robert A , Burmeister Jacob M , Koball Afton M , Oehlhof Marissa W , Hinman Nova , LeRoy Michelle , Bannon Erin , Ashrafioun Lee , Storfer-Isser Amy , Darby Lynn A , Gumble Amanda
Published: January 2013

This study compared treatment outcomes for a new weight loss program that emphasized reducing unhealthy relationships with food, body image dissatisfaction, and internalized weight bias (New Perspectives) to a weight loss program that emphasizes environmental modification and habit formation and disruption (Transforming Your Life). Fifty-nine overweight and obese adults (body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a 12-week New Perspectives or Transforming Your Life intervention. Despite equivalent outcomes at the end of treatment, the Transforming Your Life participants were significantly more effective at maintaining their weight loss than New Perspectives participants during the 6-month no-treatment follow-up period.
Exploration of health anxiety among individuals with diabetes: Prevalence and implications
Authors: Janzen Claude Jennifer A , Hadjistavropoulos Heather D , Friesen Lindsay
Published: January 2013

Health anxiety has been infrequently examined in individuals with diabetes. In this study, individuals with Type 1 or 2 diabetes ( n = 414) completed questionnaires assessing health anxiety and related constructs. Elevated health anxiety was reported by 24.1 percent of the sample and was greater among younger individuals, females, unmarried participants, and those recently diagnosed with diabetes. The construct was related to trait anxiety, fear of diabetes complications, poorer adherence to dietary and exercise self-care activities as well as lower physical quality of life. The research improves our understanding of health anxiety among individuals with diabetes.
The identity politics of world news: oneness, particularity, identity and status in online slideshows
Authors: Roosvall Anna
Published: January 2013

This article aims to fill the media representation gap in identity politics research by exploring connections to different identity politics models in representations of people in world news and relating them to discourses on humanity and notions of globalization respectively. News picture slideshows from Swedish, UK and US web newspapers are studied with an analytics-of-mediation approach. Slideshows of May Day are the focus alongside everyday slideshows. Intersections of identity politics models and discourses on humanity/notions of globalization are in the end sketched in a schematic model. The analysis shows that the reifying identity model dominates, and appears as a shortcut to media attention. It also discloses various possibilities of employing universalism and a focus on people’s status. The key role of images in mediated identity politics is highlighted and it is argued that media studies is imperative for identity politics research, and vice versa.
Social spaces for seniors: Exploring seniors’ centres and clubs in Australia
Authors: Rosenberg Buck C.
Published: January 2013

The industrialized world is facing an ageing population. Sociology needs to focus on the social impact of demographic change, in particular, how seniors remain socially integrated and what this integration means. Gerontological research has focused on the role of seniors’ centres in the US and Europe, but such research has been lacking in Australia. This article provides much-needed ethnographic research on a range of Australian seniors’ groups which provide outlets for social participation. It develops a typology of seniors’ groups through an exploration of organizational structures, funding models, and their impact on participation and sociality. It argues that because Australian groups prioritize leisure over service delivery, uneven divisions of volunteer labour emerge, which can lead to conflict. The article questions the current gerontological consensus that seniors’ groups are sites of community, arguing that physical proximity does not equal intimate sociality. It addresses these challenges faced by seniors’ groups and new ones posed by the mass-retirement of more ‘active’ baby-boomers.
Rousseau and the paradoxes of property
Authors: Pierson Chris
Published: January 2013

Rousseau’s life and his work are notoriously paradoxical. This certainly applies to his work on property which includes one of the most powerful of all denunciations of private property (the Second Discourse) and an affirmation of private property as ‘the most sacred of all citizens’ rights, and in some respects more important than freedom itself’ (in the essay on political economy in the Encyclopedie). In this paper, I explore the reasons for this seeming paradox, focusing upon Rousseau’s twin concerns with inequality (rather than equality) and sincerity. In the end, Rousseau’s treatment is not entirely consistent, but it does make sense.
Early palliative care and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Irwin Kelly E. , Greer Joseph A. , Khatib Jude , Temel Jennifer S. , Pirl William F.
Published: January 2013

Patients with advanced cancer experience a significant burden of physical symptoms and psychological distress at the end of life, and many elect to receive aggressive cancer-directed therapy. The goal of palliative care is to relieve suffering and promote quality of life (QOL) for patients and families. Traditionally, both the public and medical community have conceptualized the need for patients to make a choice between pursuing curative therapy or receiving palliative care. However, practice guidelines from the World Health Organization and leadership from the oncology and palliative care communities advocate a different model of palliative care that is introduced from the point of diagnosis of life-threatening illness. Early palliative care has been shown to provide benefits in QOL, mood, and health care utilization. Additionally, preliminary research has suggested that in contrast to fears about palliative care hastening death, referral to palliative care earlier in the course of illness may have the potential to lengthen survival, particularly in patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer. This review summarizes the literature on potential survival benefits of palliative care and presents a model of how early integrated palliative care could potentially influence survival in patients with advanced cancer.
Reducing emergency room utilization in end-stage COPD – feasible or fantasy?
Authors: Horton Robert
Published: January 2013

The emergency room (ER) is a common point of care transition for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many of these patients present to the ER because of dyspnea, anxiety and caregiver burden that is precipitated by fragmented and reactive systems of care that fail to meet their needs. This article uses an illustrative case report to outline the challenges patients and caregivers face and presents the core elements of care required to improve quality of care and decrease reliance on the ER.
Be Selling You
Authors: Hanna Erin
Published: January 2013

Known for its sophistication, enigmatic narrative, and small but voracious fan base, the British series The Prisoner is an enduring example of cult television. However, its import to American television beginning in 1968 and its reimagining as an AMC miniseries in 2009 demonstrates that the program’s endurance has as much to do with its viability as a commodity as its value as a canonic cult text. By tracing the industrial and press discourses around various incarnations of The Prisoner on American television, this article argues that show’s cult status has been perpetuated, in large part, by the industrial logic, marketing, and branding that has structured the rebroadcast and reimagining of the series. As such, this article builds on studies of cult television by examining how such discourses may be co-opted by the industry, repackaged as a commodity, and sold to advertisers and audiences.