bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicação e Educação
Authors: Santos de Alencar Normando Jullena , De Oliveira Dias Luciene
Published: November 2024

Neste artigo, o objetivo é tensionar os conceitos de Comunicação e Educação, na perspectiva de um estudo de interface. Entende-se a Educação como um fazer comunicacional de múltipla direção e busca-se, nesse sentido, aproximar as perspectivas de Paulo Freire (1967, 1983, 1987), Ciro Marcondes Filho (2004, 2008, 2010) e José Luiz Braga (2004, 2008, 2010). Considerando Comunicação como uma processualidade que permite o agir em comum, pretende-se refletir sobre as interações educacionais e aquilo que viria antes da Educação, ou seja, o processo comunicacional que viabiliza a aprendizagem, a partir dos estudos de Braga. Na proposta da Nova Teoria da Comunicação de Ciro Marcondes Filho, interessa-nos a compreensão do fenômeno comunicacional (sinalização/informação/comunicação) e a questão da mudança, a partir da comunicação. Em Freire busca-se encontrar indícios do que é comunicacional em sua perspectiva dialógica e emancipatória de educação, que viabiliza mudança e a autonomia. Haveria uma proximidade com a noção freireana educação/mudança/emancipação? Para tanto, a proposta metodológica é de uma discussão teórica acerca da relação entre as duas áreas, que por essência se aproximam, a fim de propor uma reflexão e um avanço teórico no campo da Comunicação.
Controle e normatização com vistas à excelência da organização escolar no Rio Grande do Sul (1937-1945)
Authors: Quadros Claudemir de
Published: November 2024

No Rio Grande do Sul, o processo de nacionalização do ensino abriu um campo de possibilidades para a atuação do Estado no âmbito educacional. Neste texto, apresenta-se um estudo bibliográfico, documental e descritivo, que tem como objetivo demonstrar como o governo estadual se reaparelhou, com vistas à instituir uma nova racionalidade administrativa, marcada pelo controle e pela normatização. Conclui-se, que o processo de reorganização e reaparelhamento Estado, no âmbito educacional, que até então dispunha de uma pequena estrutura administrativa, restringia-se a poucos atos legislativos e a algumas iniciativas de aperfeiçoamento do magistério, engendrou as condições de emergência da reforma e da modernização educacional, a partir da qual o Estado proporcionou uma orientação e, sobretudo, uma direção político-pedagógica para a educação, no âmbito da qual se destacam a ampliação de sua estrutura administrativa, a implantação de novas formas de gestão da educação, mediante extensa e minuciosa normatização e burocratização, bem como uma forte vontade disciplinante.
Os livros didáticos de sociologia e a formação de subjetividades juvenis anticapitalistas
Authors: Melo Valci
Published: November 2024

O artigo analisa as contribuições e os limites dos livros didáticos de Sociologia para a compreensão do capitalismo e do socialismo como projetos societários. A pesquisa se deu à luz da Análise do Discurso pecheuxtiana. Ao longo do texto, demonstra-se que, embora todas as obras do PNLD 2015 materializem discursos de denúncia da natureza opressora e desumana do capitalismo, há um descompasso, em um terço delas, entre essa denúncia e a apresentação do socialismo como projeto societário alternativo. Por fim, conclui-se que os discursos materializados nos livros didáticos em análise contribuem para a formação de subjetividades juvenis anticapitalistas, sejam elas reformistas ou revolucionárias.
É possível renascer das cinzas?:
Authors: Santos Figueiredo Roniel , Lopes de Souza Marcos
Published: November 2024

Com a reforma curricular gerada pelo Novo Ensino Médio, as discussões sobre corpo, gênero e sexualidade foram encerradas? É possível [re]construir espaços curriculares para dialogar sobre essas temáticas? O que as(os) estudantes desejam discutir quando as questões de corpo, gênero e sexualidade são apresentadas em um componente curricular eletivo? Baseando-se nisso, este artigo discute o núcleo de estudos como um espaço potente, uma brecha para debater corpo, gênero e sexualidade na escola frente aos contramovimentos antigênero desejosos do silenciamento desses debates. Assumindo a abordagem pós-crítica e pós-estruturalista, pensamos a construção do núcleo de estudos em uma perspectiva nomeada de currículo-fênix, pelo seu potencial de “renascer” em condições sociais e políticas adversas. Ao distanciar-se de um currículo engessado e pré-determinado, o núcleo se constituiu como um lugar de maior liberdade e do imprevisível. As(Os) estudantes expressaram interesse em temas como autoaceitação, diversidade sexual e saúde sexual. Elas(es) demonstraram desconforto em relação às normas sociais que impõe o investimento em determinados corpos. Apesar do desejo em discutir diversidade sexual, há uma insistência pela regulação e normalização das sexualidades dissidentes. Quanto à saúde sexual, as(os) discentes evidenciaram dificuldades em tomar a prevenção como uma possibilidade de reduzir as vulnerabilidades às IST/Aids.
Perspectivas de concluintes do Ensino Médio sobre suas trajetórias após a Educação Básica
Authors: Carvalho de Oliveira Francisco Robson , Vasconcelos Oliveira Maria Tamires , Rolim de Lima Severo José Leonardo
Published: November 2024

As perspectivas de futuro de jovens concluintes da educação básica costumam ser influenciadas por diversos aspectos de suas vidas, com destaque às experiências escolares acumuladas até então, inspirações e motivações pessoais, além de incentivo ou necessidades emergentes em suas famílias. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar expectativas de estudantes de Ensino Médio e motivações que orientam suas trajetórias de formação. O público investigado participou de uma oficina orientada pela perspectiva teórico-metodológica da didática sensível (D’Ávila, 2021), organizada em quatro movimentos pedagógicos, os quais mobilizaram aspectos atrelados ao papel transformador exercido pela universidade nas vidas dos articuladores de tal oficina. Após a intervenção, os estudantes responderam questionário semiestruturado, a partir do qual foi possível evidenciar que a maioria reconhece na universidade uma possibilidade de crescimento pessoal, formação profissional e transformação social. Os jovens indicaram receber estímulo e incentivo principalmente de familiares e da escola para prosseguimento dos estudos, mas consideram importante a possibilidade de conciliar estudo e trabalho. Dentre suas impressões pessoais sobre o tema “escola/universidade”, prevalecem aspectos positivos sobre negativos, reforçando a afeição à ideia de estruturação de seus projetos de vida sobre os eixos da educação, apesar das condições desafiantes que se impõem às juventudes no atual contexto socioeconômico.
Ensino Profissional e Tecnológico na era do reformismo:
Authors: De Paula Julio Cesar
Published: November 2024

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem por objetivo essencial investigar e apresentar alguns dos aspectos determinantes para a volatilidade e a insegurança jurídica que se abatem sobre as políticas públicas e os currículos para o ensino médio, especialmente na modalidade Educação Profissional e Tecnológica e de que maneira essas transformações e incertezas afetam ou podem afetar as juventudes trabalhadoras em nosso país. O artigo apresenta uma análise bibliográfica e documental de caráter qualitativo, e se inicia a partir de um balanço historiográfico sobre a educação profissional e tecnológica em seu contexto histórico e pretende desfiar algumas reflexões sobre como vem sendo construída a estrutura e a cultura do ensino no Brasil, além de como a educação vem sendo afetada pelo receituário neoliberal desde a década de 1990 e, principalmente, como o recente conjunto de reordenamento jurídico que envolve a Lei 13.415, da reforma do ensino médio e suas normas complementares aprofundaram o abismo existente entre o ensino médio e a universidade, reforçaram a dualidade estrutural da educação, fragmentaram o currículo e esvaziaram de sentido tanto as disciplinas tradicionais como aquelas introduzidas pela própria reforma.   Palavras-chave: Educação Profissional. Currículo. Neoliberalismo.
Quais currículos querem jovens trabalhadores?
Authors: Braz Garcia Renata Aparecida , De Castro Bruna Jamila , DAL BOSCO REZZADORI CRISTIANE BEATRIZ
Published: November 2024

A escolha por um curso de graduação está relacionada ao contexto histórico e sociocultural em que o sujeito está envolvido. Uma vez realizada esta escolha, e adentrado o espaço da universidade, a permanência no curso nem sempre é fácil e garantida, em especial para estudantes-trabalhadores. A fim de investigar este contexto, toma-se como objetivo de pesquisa analisar a trajetória formativa de licenciandas-trabalhadoras no âmbito de curso de licenciatura em Química, quanto aos fatores que influenciam na permanência no curso e, consequentemente, na construção de sua identidade docente, em especial o papel do currículo neste contexto. Para tanto, esta investigação fez uso da pesquisa narrativa com enfoque em histórias de vida. As narrativas produzidas foram analisadas com base na análise de conteúdo, proposta por Bardin, e discutidas a partir de referencial teórico do campo da formação de professores no que toca a construção da identidade docente.
Para ter Funk (na escola) é preciso dançar:
Authors: Machado Paulucci Eric , Tamayo Osorio Carolina
Published: November 2024

Dançando ao ritmo do funk apresentamos neste artigo algumas reflexões costuradas pelas margens das radiografias que a ciência tem feito das periferias e da colonialidade do saber operacionalizada para manter à margem, dos currículos escolares, conhecimentos outros. Orientados pela filosofia da diferença em diálogo com as demandas que nascem nas periferias, levantamos o questionamento acerca da verdade construída pela/com a Matemática, para descontruir as lentes coloniais que as apagam, corpos e conhecimentos de homens e mulheres que habitam o espaço periférico. Está escrita por fim, quer provocar uma faísca inicial na discussão acerca do processo de produção de conhecimento da (Educação) Matemática enquanto campo de pesquisa, recorrido na constituição de um currículo, um currículo que dialoga com as demandas dos jovens das periferias urbanas.
O corpo indígena e a cena colonial em Guel Arraes:
Authors: Ribeiro Hilmária Xavier , Dos Santos Costa Júnior José
Published: November 2024

Em meio às efemérides e críticas aos termos “comemoração” e “descobrimento”, foi lançado em 2001 o filme “Caramuru: a invenção do Brasil”, dirigido por Guel Arraes e roteirizado por ele e Jorge Furtado. A partir de algumas cenas, este artigo problematiza: como o jogo cênico encena a trama colonial e localiza o corpo indígena em uma posição subalterna? O texto articula as imagens e sugere caminhos para o uso do filme na aula de história. Inserindo-se no campo de estudos sobre Cultura Histórica e Ensino de História, dialoga-se com Marcos Napolitano e sua abordagem sobre as relações entre História e Cinema e a crítica decolonial de Aníbal Quijano e Rita Segato, inferindo-se sobre os laços entre a herança colonial e as narrativas sobre a história do Brasil.
Elaboração e implementação da Telessimulação Síncrona e Observacional no Ensino em Enfermagem: relato de experiência
Authors: Bernardinelli Fabiana Cristina Pires , Amorim Gustavo Correa de , Suzel Regina Ribeiro Chavaglia
Published: November 2024

Este estudo objetiva relatar a experiência da elaboração e implementação de um workshop telessimulado sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar no adulto com suporte básico de vida no ambiente intra-hospitalar para estudantes de enfermagem. Trata-se de um relato de experiência que descreve a realização de um workshop telessimulado, de caráter síncrono e observacional, realizado com sete estudantes de enfermagem entre os meses de junho e julho de 2023. O workshop foi dividido em dez etapas: planejamento, divulgação e consentimento do participante; inscrição e caracterização dos estudantes de enfermagem; pré-simulação; apresentação dos facilitadores do workshop e pré-teste; treinamento de habilidades; pré-briefing/briefing; execução do cenário telessimulado; teledebriefing; pós-teste e; aprendizagem adicional. Com base na comparação das médias do pré e pós-teste, observou-se um aumento do número de acertos entre os testes, evidenciando resultados satisfatórios e potentes ao aprendizado, tornando a telessimulação síncrona e observacional como uma nova oportunidade na formação em saúde.
Construção e validação da Escala de Medo de Contaminação (EMEC)
Authors: Schneider Juliana Thais , Vasconcellos Silvio José Lemos , Moreira Junior Fernando de Jesus , Ferreira Stephane Mossmann
Published: November 2024

Construção e validação da Escala de Medo de Contaminação (EMEC). O medo de contaminação ocorre quando existe a interpretação da contaminação como uma ameaça social considerável ou um perigo expressivo para a saúde física e/ou mental do indivíduo. Este estudo apresenta a elaboração e validação, por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI), de um instrumento que busca avaliar o medo de contaminação em diferentes situações. O instrumento inicial foi criado após extensa revisão de literatura, sendo composto por 30 itens. Participaram da pesquisa 380 indivíduos. A escala passou pela avaliação de juízes especialistas e testagem piloto. Foi verificada a dimensionalidade por meio da análise fatorial, satisfazendo critério para a realização de análise por meio da TRI. Os dados foram submetidos ao Modelo de Resposta Gradual de Samejima. O instrumento, denominado Escala de Medo de Contaminação (EMEC), contou com 18 itens em sua versão final, apresentando evidências de validade baseadas no conteúdo e na estrutura interna.
Da pele ao cabelo: racismo e identidade de crianças e jovens quilombolas
Authors: Perez Beatriz Corsino , Marçal Maria Bongiovani , Santos Maria Caroline das Mercês
Published: November 2024

A formação identitária do corpo negro é marcada pelo modelo eurocêntrico, que estabelece um repúdio a tudo que escapa da branquitude. O presente trabalho pretende investigar como o racismo atravessa o corpo de crianças e jovens quilombolas e de que forma eles resistem a tal opressão. Partiu da análise dos resultados de uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada com 30 crianças e jovens, de 3 a 24 anos, numa comunidade quilombola localizada em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. Os resultados apontam a reprodução do racismo e a internalização de um ideal de ego branco (Santos, 1983). Contudo, a resistência dos corpos se apresenta na valorização do cabelo crespo, na identificação com os pares, e no sentimento de pertencimento à comunidade. Os resultados revelam a necessidade da Psicologia agir para desnaturalizar o corpo branco como centralidade e o fortalecimento de recursos e estratégias para a resistência do corpo negro, lutando contra a perpetuação do racismo.
Editorial: Role of boards of directors as a corporate governance mechanism to “ensure” and “enhance” quality of financial reporting in the age of artificial intelligence.
Authors: Hundal Shab
Published: November 2024

The current issue comprises scholarly articles in the domain of a wide range of research themes, for example, corporate governance mechanisms, financial reporting quality, corporate efficiency, boards of directors, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). All the articles published in the current issue have highlighted interesting, diverse, and thought-provoking research problems.
WHOSE WOMEN'S BODIES BELONG TO: FEMTECH'S FEMINIST POLITICAL ECONOMY (FPE) AND POTENTIAL RISKS
Authors: Farah Fajriyah  , Ambar Alimatur Rosyidah  , Syfa Amelia
Published: November 2024

Femtech opens space to fulfill women's right to information on sexual and reproductive health and raises the potential for control over women's bodies. This study aims to explore the potential risks of FemTech related to women's bodies in cyberspace and uncover the exploitation and misuse of women's data. Women as users in an organized manner are seen as commodity objects, which indirectly makes women digital laborers. This study uses analysis of the Feminist Political Economy (FPE) lens from Bezanson & Luxton in three conceptual areas, namely the expansion of production models, the sex/gender system, and the analysis of domestic labor as a contribution to labor reproduction. This article develops an FPE analytical framework for studies of technology-related reproductive health. The researcher summarizes user data collected in Indonesia's top ten FemTech applications by entering the keyword' menstrual calendar' in the iOS App Store and Android Play Store. This research finds that women as Femtech users are shackled in the reality of hegemonic masculinity and lack of reproductive freedom, are in a commodity circle, and are exposed to risks as digital workers.
Keyword: FemTech, Feminist Political Economy, Digital Labor, Social Reproduction
DEAF CHILDREN'S CREATIVITY DEVELOPMENT USING A CULTURAL HABITUATION APPROACH
Authors: Fajrin Latifah Permatasari , Mudhofir  , Islah
Published: November 2024

The present study seeks to foster the development of deaf children's creativity in special kindergartens by employing a cultural habituation approach. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive method that includes observation, interview, and documentation as the data collection method. The reliability of the data used both source and method triangulation. The data analysis techniques involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. This study reveals that deaf children's creativity is fostered through lesson preparation, learning implementation, and learning evaluation. The cultural habituation approach to developing the creativity of deaf students involves several integrated components, such as various initiatives to create a culture of inclusion in the school environment to achieve the main objectives of developing creativity, namely instilling self-confidence in children and providing skills to children with disabilities.
Keywords: Creativity Development, Deaf Children. Habituation, Culture
Gender Representation in Elementary School Kemuhammadiyahan Education Books (Critical Discourse Analysis Cover of Class III-VI Kemuhammadiyahan Education Books)
Authors: Kurniawan Rio
Published: November 2024

Constitutional guarantees and various formal policies cannot in themselves create gender equality and justice in real life. In reality, there are still various forms of gender inequality in various aspects of life. This is also found on the cover of the Kemuhammadiyah education book at the elementary school level. This research is a library research. The analysis used is critical discourse analysis. The aims of this research are as follows: to find out the critical discourse analysis of the Kemuhammadiyahn Education book cover grades III to VI; know the representation of gender and the role of women in the cover of Kemuhammadiyahan education books for grades III to VI. The results of the study explained that the male dominance was 79% and 21% female. Representation of social roles for men is displayed 82% in the public domain and for women 18% in the public domain.
Analysis of Gender Development Gaps in Indonesia
Authors: Khoiriyah Rahmawati
Published: November 2024

Human development efforts are intended for the entire population in a country, regardless of sex differences. There is a term for gender-based development that measures development achievements between women and men. However, Indonesia is still very thick with a patriarchal culture that makes women tend to have fewer rights than men in work, education, politics, and the economy. This makes it difficult for women to develop their potential in various fields. This gender inequality can cause development not to be able to reach its maximum potential. Gender inequality is considered to hamper the economy. Slowing economic growth certainly hurts income, both at the national, regional, and per capita levels. This study aims to identify the picture of the gender development gap in Indonesia by collecting secondary data, which is then studied more deeply. The results of the descriptive analysis show that there are still gender disparities in almost all provinces in Indonesia. Furthermore, based on the results of inference analysis using panel data, this study concluded that the gender gap simultaneously has a significant effect on per capita income. Gender inequality variables that have a partial influence include the wages of women workers, female labour force participation, and gender development.
Keyword: Gender, Gender Development Index, Gender Inequality
Gender Roles in Moderating Financial Literacy and Lifestyle in Financial Behavior
Authors: Rizqiana Zulfanita Dien
Published: November 2024

Economic development aims not only for society's welfare but also to form broad-minded people with a mindset about financial management. Management can start with understanding literacy and carrying a daily lifestyle. Financial behavior can be reflected in various aspects, including spending styles, investment approaches, saving tendencies, and financial risks. Some social and cultural factors related to gender can also affect how a person manages finances. This study aims to determine whether gender can strengthen or weaken the relationship between financial literacy and lifestyle to financial behavior. The data used in this study is primary data based on the results of questionnaires collected from 150 respondents. The data analysis process in this study uses SEM-PLS analysis techniques with the help of SmartPLS software by making structural, measurement, and path models to test hypotheses so that conclusions can be drawn. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it is known that the latent variable of financial literacy significantly affects financial behavior. Meanwhile, latent lifestyle variables do not affect financial behavior. The gender moderation variable did not significantly affect the relationship between the latent financial literacy variable and the latent lifestyle variable on the latent financial behavior variable.
Keyword: Gender, Financial Literacy, Lifestyle, and Financial Behavior
Peningkatan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Program Kuliah Kerja Mahasiswa di Desa Pagedangan, Kecamatan Turen
Authors: Hariyono Ahmad , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: November 2024

The Highest Educations is one of the elements of the country which is expected to be able to realize the nation's ideals to elevate the dignity of the Indonesian nation. There are three points in the Tri Dharma of Highest Educations, namely: Education, Research and Community Service. Student Work Lecture (KKM) activities are based on social interactions involving various elements of society. It is hoped that this activity will be beneficial for the local community, while also requiring students to provide long-term solutions so as to reduce similar problems. In implementing KKM, research is carried out through data collection techniques from observation and documentation of social situations, where the data is obtained in exploration activities in the community environment and the impact of the KKM program provided on the community. Based on data analysis, the technique used is analysis with a descriptive approach through the data obtained, then processed based on research objectives and then filtered based on situations and phenomena in society with similar data contexts. As a result, a number of programs were carried out in accordance with community needs, such as: qiraah training, creating of reading corners, learning media, etc. It is hoped that this activity will be useful for development and empowerment in accordance with community potential.
Variation in the molecular phenotype of βglu1, an insect defense-related beta-glucosidase gene, in two transcontinental Picea species
Authors: Wu Ernest Ting Yu , Hung Tin Hang , Erbilgin Nadir , Ullah Aziz , Jansons Aris , Ali Hisham A. A. , Clegg Sonya , MacKay John
Published: November 2024

Forest trees face threats from many insect pest species, underscoring
the importance of understanding their defense mechanisms for survival.
In a North American conifer species Picea glauca, white spruce, a
defense-related gene, βglu1, is responsible for releasing phenolic
compounds (acetophenones) to defend against its insect defoliator,
Choristoneura fumiferana, the eastern spruce budworm. βglu1 is also
expressed in a Eurasian conifer species Picea abies, Norway spruce,
although no major insect defoliator is present within the species’
natural range. We compared range-wide variation of βglu1 transcript
levels from foliage samples of P. glauca in North America and P. abies
in Europe using RT-qPCR and targeted transcriptome sequencing. βglu1
transcript levels were highly correlated between the two methods, with
wide ranges of variation being detected within and between populations
in both species. We found a significant longitudinal gradient in βglu1
transcript levels in P. glauca, with one βglu1 gene form being
differentially expressed across populations, but not in P. abies. The
expression level differences in P. glauca are consistent with the
historically higher C. fumiferana outbreak frequency and severity in
eastern compared to western populations, with C. fumiferana defoliation
severity being a significant explanatory variable for βglu1 transcript
levels. Climate per se was not a significant explanatory factor in
either species. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of
potential adaptive variation in acetophenone defenses in P. glauca,
while the factors influencing βglu1 transcript variation in P. abies
require further investigation.
Response of Broiler Chicken Fed Graded Levels of Cassava Peel Leaf Meal (CPLM) Mix on Carcass Characteristics and Organ Weights
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Science and Technology Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science, and Technology Ikere, Ekiti State, Olowoyeye Janet Chinwe
Published: November 2024

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing maize with different levels of Cassava Peel Leaf Meal mix on carcass traits and relative organ weights of broiler chickens. The study determined an optimum level of maize replacement by CPLM that would not compromise growth performance, carcass yield, and organ health. The broiler chicken were fed 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% maize replaced by CPLM mix (9:1 ratio) diets for a certain duration of time. Variations in DW% and EW%; even the relative organ weights like heart, liver, and gizzard showed significant differences. The outcome indicated that up to 50% maize replacement with the CPLM mix seemed feasible without showing any negative impact on the performance of broiler chickens and eventually providing a possibly low-cost alternative feed resource. Keywords: Maize, Alternative Feed stuff, Poultry, Carcass, Organ Proceedings Citation Format Olowoyeye, Janet Chinwe (2024): Response of Broiler Chicken Fed Graded Levels of Cassava Peel Leaf Meal (CPLM) Mix on Carcass Characteristics and Organ Weights. Proceedings of the 38th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Bespoke Conference. 17th – 19th July, 2024. University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. Pp 183-190. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/ACCRABESPOKE2024P19
An Analysis of Nonprofit Organization Federal Income Tax Avoidance Using Publicly Available Income Tax Return Data
Authors: Yetman Robert
Published: November 2024

Nonprofit organizations are subject to an Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT) on activities unrelated to their tax exempt purpose. In 2007 nonprofits became the first U.S. federal taxpayers required to publicly disclose their income tax returns. Using this data I find that nonprofits avoid the UBIT by combining losses from some activities to offset the profits of other activities. A provision in the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2018 was effective in mitigating the use of loss activities as a UBIT avoidance method. I also find that nonprofits continue to avoid the UBIT by shifting common costs from tax exempt to taxable activities. I find that UBIT avoidance is increasing in tax rates. Finally, tax avoidance is smaller for the set of nonprofits organized as charitable trusts rather than as corporations or associations, and that public donors play a governing role by mitigating UBIT avoidance.

Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the text.

JEL Classifications: H26; L30.
Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Contributes to Phenotypic Presentation in Monogenic Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Luckett Amber M. , Hawkes Gareth , Green Harry D. , De Franco Elisa , Hagopian William A. , Roep Bart O. , Weedon Michael N. , Oram Richard A. , Johnson Matthew B. ,   EXE-T1D consortium, Dobbs Rebecca A , Domingo-Vila Clara , Gillespie Kathleen M , Hattersley Andrew T , Hudson Michelle , McDonald Timothy J , Morgan Noel G , Murrall Kathryn , Richardson Sarah J , Smithmyer Megan E , Speake Cate , Tree Timothy IM
Published: November 2024

Disease-causing variants in key immune homeostasis genes can lead to monogenic autoimmune diabetes. Some individuals carrying disease-causing variants do not develop autoimmune diabetes, even though they develop another autoimmune disease. We aimed to determine whether type 1 diabetes polygenic risk contributes to phenotypic presentation in monogenic autoimmune diabetes. We used a 67 single nucleotide polymorphism type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D-GRS) to determine polygenic risk in 62 individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes and 180 control individuals with nonautoimmune neonatal diabetes (NDM). We used population-based control participants (n = 10,405) and individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 285) as a comparator. Individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes had higher T1D-GRSs compared with individuals with nonautoimmune NDM (mean 11.3 vs. 9.8; P = 1.7 × 10−5) and controls (mean 10.3; P = 7.5 × 10−6), but the levels were markedly lower than those for individuals with type 1 diabetes (14.9; P = 3.3 × 10−21). These differences were explained by individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes having higher class II HLA genetic risk, specifically from the DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 haplotype (DR3-DQ2) (P < 0.01). In the presence of monogenic autoimmunity, the polygenic class II HLA susceptibility contributes to development of autoimmune diabetes. This suggests a role of class II HLA in targeting the dysregulated immune response toward the β-cell.

Article Highlights

There is variability in early-onset autoimmune diabetes presentation in individuals with monogenic autoimmunity; the mechanism(s) underlying this is unclear. We examined whether type 1 diabetes (T1D) polygenic risk contributes to clinical phenotype in monogenic autoimmune diabetes. Individuals with monogenic autoimmune diabetes had higher T1D genetic risk scores compared with control cohorts, driven largely by increased presence of T1D-risk DR3-DQ2 haplotype. Established T1D polygenic risk alleles, particularly class II HLA genes, contribute to clinical presentation in monogenic autoimmunity.
Life Course Associations Between Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Taiwan and Hong Kong
Authors: Yi Yuanyuan , Guo Cui , Zheng Yiling , Chen Siyi , Lin Changqing , Lau Alexis K.H. , Wong Martin C.S. , Bishai David M.
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE

Both air pollution and diabetes are key urban challenges. The association between particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) exposure and prediabetes/diabetes in adults is well documented, but the health effects of life course exposure remain unclear. This study evaluated the impact of PM2.5 exposure throughout various life stages on the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes in adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 4,551 individuals with 19,593 medical visits from two open cohorts in Taiwan and Hong Kong between 2000 and 2018. Ambient PM2.5 exposure was assessed using a satellite-based model, delivering a 2-year average exposure at a resolution of 1 km2. Logistic mixed-effects models were used to investigate longitudinal associations between PM2.5 exposure and the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes. Life course models were used to examine the impact of PM2.5 exposure at different life stages on prediabetes/diabetes in adulthood.

RESULTS

Over an average follow-up period of 9.93 years, 1,660 individuals with prediabetes/diabetes were observed. For the longitudinal association, every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an increased odds of having prediabetes/diabetes (odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.13, 1.54). The odds of adulthood prediabetes/diabetes increased by 15%, 18%, and 29% for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during school age, adolescence, and adulthood, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest a link between PM2.5 exposure during each life stage and the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes in adulthood, with the health impacts of exposure during adulthood being slightly greater. This study underscores the need for life course air pollution control strategies to mitigate the substantial disease burden of diabetes.
COMBINED APPROACH TO BUILDING OPTIMAL ROUTES FOR INDIVIDUAL TRIPS IN A MOBILE APPLICATION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stan Oleksandra , Marusenkova Tetyana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Yurchak Iryna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with building optimal routes for individual trips under the influence of many factors and possible changes in the input parameters (such as weather conditions, traffic congestion, etc). We have analyzed four classes of algorithms for solving the traveling salesperson problem and evaluated their applicability in a tourist mobile application. The software should be a mobile application since only a few travelers take computers or laptops but most of them carry smartphones. The disadvantages of heuristic and metaheuristic algorithms have been considered. These include the dependence on the initial parameters, non-guaranteed optimal solutions, and the risks of being stuck in local optima. The exact methods have been discarded as unaffordable in mobile applications because of their computational complexity. Upon the conducted research, we propose a combined approach that uses the genetic algorithm as a global strategy and the four variations of the local search algorithm (Relocation, 2-opt, 3-permute, and Link swap) for refining the found solutions. The architecture and technology stack for the developed mobile application have been given, too. The future work implies searching for solutions to the group traveling salesman problem with the possibility of a joint trip plan edition by all the tourist group members and the multi-agent routing problem.
RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF THE TRIPLED WIRED CHANNEL WITH DOUBLED PROTECTIVE REINFORCEMENT
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shcherbovskykh Serhiy , Stefanovych Tetyana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Rebot Dariia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2024

Modern computer systems rely heavily on the exchange of information through various physical communication channels. The failure of a communication channel, particularly in systems responsible for critical facilities, can result in significant material and human losses. Therefore, ensuring the reliability of communication channels is a pressing issue. This paper is part of a series of publications dedicated to evaluating the reliability of communication channels. The purpose is to develop methods and models for assessing the reliability of a communication channel with tripled wired redundancy and doubled protective reinforcement. Block diagrams and dynamic fault trees were used to create mathematical models during the formalization stage. These models were used to develop both static and dynamic models based on state and transition diagrams. The static models are expressed using logical-probabilistic expressions, while the dynamic models are represented as systems of differential equations using Markov analysis. The channel’s structure can form six different schemes due to the presence of three cores and a double protective reinforcement. Three of these schemes are symmetrical, and the other three are asymmetrical. The most reliable structure is the one with separate outer and inner protective reinforcements for each of the three cores. The least reliable structure is when the three cores share common outer and inner reinforcements. Reliability indicators for structures with various combinations of cable reinforcements take intermediate values between the extreme cases. The reliability of such structures increases with an increase in the number of separate reinforcements. It is important to note that reliability indicators obtained using static models are underestimated and less accurate compared to indicators calculated using dynamic models. However, it is recommended to use static models for the initial assessment of the reliability indicators of communication channels due to their simpler construction. Models have been developed to improve the reliability assessment of communication channels with multiple redundancies of cores and an arbitrary number of protective reinforcements. Specifically, models have been created for a communication channel with triple redundancy of cores and double protective reinforcement. The proposed approach will be useful for assessing reliability in the design of modern technical systems, particularly computer systems responsible for critical facility operations. Failure of these systems can result in material damage and endanger service personnel. Further research will involve establishing regularities in the obtained models. These regularities will form the basis of specialised software for automated reliability assessment of communication channels with any number of cores and protective reinforcements.
FRACTAL MARKET HYPOTHESIS FOR TRADING AND MARKET PRICE FORECAST
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Boiarchuk Stepan , Ivanyna Vasyl ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2024

The article explores the core principles of FMH and its application in trading and market price forecasting. FMH offers a new perspective for understanding market dynamics, allowing for the detection of patterns that traditional analysis methods often overlook. Special emphasis is placed on the scaling properties of market data, which enables the use of forecasting models across different time intervals, from short-term to long-term predictions. FMH also considers the probability of extreme events, enhancing risk assessment and improving forecasting accuracy. The article discusses the advantages of the Fractal Market Hypothesis compared to traditional financial hypotheses, such as the Random Walk Hypothesis and the Efficient Market Hypothesis, and its potential for integration with machine learning methods to create more accurate and reliable forecasting models.
THE EFFECT OF READING TO LEARN (R2L) MODEL ON SCIENCTIFIC LITERACY OF LIVING THINGS CLASSIFICATION LEARNING MATERIALS
Authors: Putri Elmesa , Oktavia Rani , Arif Khairil , Muttaqiin Arief
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of R2L model on scienctific literacy competence of students on the classification of Living Things learning material. The type of this research is a quasi experiment with nonequivalent control group design. This research was conducted in the 7th grade of SMPN 7 Payakumbuh, West Sumatra. The sampling was taken by purposive sampling technique to get 32 students of class VII.I as experimental group and 23 students of class VII.II as control group. The instrument used is a test of science literacy questions as many as 16 questions with 3 forms of questions.  The results showed that the use of the R2L model increase the science literacy competence of students. The important syntax in supporting the improvement of students' scientific literacy competence is at the detailed reading and note-making stages. This stage allows students to read the reading text attentively and find important words in the text.
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ASSISTED WITH PHET SIMULATION ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES OF LIGHT AND OPTICAL DEVICES OPTICS TOPIC
Authors: Zahra Fathia , Oktavia Rani , Azhar Aulia , Arif Khairil , Sari Monica Prima
Published: November 2024

This research is based on the preliminary study conducted at SMPN 16 Padang which found that students' learning outcomes in science teaching are still considered suboptimal. This is indicated by several students' scores that have not yet met the Learning Outcome Completion Criteria of 80. This research aims to determine the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PhET simulations on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMPN 16 Padang. The type of research is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study is all the eighth-grade students of SMPN 16 Padang. Sample collection was conducted using purposive sampling techniques. Thus, the research samples were obtained from students in class VIII 2 and VIII 4. The research samples consisted of experimental class applying the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by PhET simulations and control class using the conventional learning model. Data collection was conducted through tests administered before (pretest) and after the treatment (posttest) on the experimental and control classes in the form of multiple-choice questions. The obtained data were analyzed using inferential statistical analysis, and the results of the two-sample t-test for the pre-test and N-gain were 0.002 for the pre-test significance and 0.000 for the N-Gain significance, which means  was rejected or there was a significant difference between the two groups because the significance value (p) was less than 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the application of the PBL learning model assisted by PhET simulations on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students in the subject of light and optical instruments.
Instandhaltung von Stahlbeton
Authors: Schröder Manfred , Fiala Hannes , Golar Claus , Helf Christoph , Gieler Rolf P. , Wehrle Stephan , Ziegler Dennis , Haardt Peter , Kempkens Eckhard , Müller Hilmar , Eisenkrein-Kreksch Helena
Published: November 2024

Gemäß der Richtlinie "Schutz und Instandsetzung von Betonbauteilen" (Instandsetzungs-Richtlinie) des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) sowie der Technischen Regel "Instandhaltung von Betonbauwerken" (TR Instandhaltung) des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik (DIBt) muss mit der Beurteilung und Planung derartiger Maßnahmen ein "Sachkundiger Planer" beauftragt werden, der die hierfür erforderlichen Kenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet aufweist. Im Prinzip wird hiermit nichts anderes gefordert, als das, was bei Planung und Betreuung anderer Gewerke für Neu-, Aus­ und Umbau von Bauwerken, für die besondere Kenntnisse notwendig sind, selbstverständlich und üblich ist.

Das Baustellenfachpersonal für Schutz und Instandsetzung von Betonbauteilen wird in Deutschland seit 1985 in SIW-Lehrgängen (Schützen, Instandsetzen, Verbinden und Verstärken von Betonbauteilen), denen ein entsprechendes Handbuch zu Grunde liegt, geschult und geprüft. Auch viele Planungsingenieure und Architekten haben diese Lehrgänge besucht und verwenden das SIW-Handbuch als Arbeitsgrundlage, weil hier Grundwissen für derartige Arbeiten vermittelt wird. Die Aufgaben und Anforderungen der Instandsetzungs-Richtlinie sowie der TR Instandhaltung werden für diese Personengruppen hierbei jedoch nicht ausreichend abgedeckt. Deshalb wurde ein Weiterbildungsprogramm zum ,,Sachkundigen Planer" entwickelt, dessen Inhalt in diesem Buch wiedergegeben, ergänzt, ausgebaut und mit zahlreichen Abbildungen anschaulich gemacht wird. Hieran haben ausschließlich Sachverständige und Fachreferenten mitgewirkt, die über vieljährige Erfahrung aus Entwicklung, Planung, Praxis, Forschung und Lehre auf diesem Arbeitsgebiet verfügen.

Ziel des Buches ist es, die erforderlichen Grundlagen und Entscheidungshilfen zu vermitteln, um Mängel und Schäden an Stahlbeton-Bauteilen zu erkennen und zu bewerten, die geeigneten Systeme und Maßnahmen für die Instandhaltung vorzusehen und Planungs- und Ausführungsfehler zu vermeiden.
Semantics of the myth about medicine in the popular science medical discourse
Authors: Stepanova E.S.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the semantics of the myth about medicine as a way of raising the mythological consciousness of the recipient in the popular science medical discourse. The methodological basis of the research, which creates the preconditions for the myth analysis as a semiological system, is described. It is established that the everyday perception of medicine can be interpreted as a myth. The source of everyday knowledge, which determines the semantics of the given myth, is analyzed. The model of the treating process of the disease with the help of medicine is presented from the point of view of semiotics. The study shows that the semantics of the myth about medicine is defined as the representation of the mechanism and action of medicine and includes ideological guidelines (legal and ethical standards for conducting a clinical trial of a drug). On the basis of the popular science work “Superbugs: The Race to Stop an Epidemic” by Matt McCarthy, metaphorical models that describe the symbolic and pragmatic aspects of the myth about medicine as a linguocultural phenomenon are described. The relationship between a metaphor and a myth in the popular science medical text is analyzed. It is concluded that most often the semantics of the myth about medicine is represented by such a metaphorical model as the mechanism of action of medicine (antibiotic). It is due to the fact that the specifics of the use and the spectrum of activity of medicine (antibiotic) are important for the doctor and the patient.
Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
Authors: Kang Cho Ryok , Choe Young June , Moon Jihyun , Kim Dooyoung , Kim Taemi , Lee Jong-Koo
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to establish a foundation for future collaborations aimed at preparing for and responding to infectious diseases by examining the vaccine injury compensation programs (VICPs) of East Asian countries. We reviewed the current status of VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan by searching national government websites and reviewing relevant literature. Additionally, we conducted email inquiries targeting experts from Japan and Taiwan. Through the comprehensive analysis of VICPs in these 3 countries covered various aspects, we identified several similarities and differences in the VICPs across these countries. While the governments of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan play a central role in supporting investigations into vaccine injuries and managing compensation procedures based on legal statutes, they differ in terms of financial resources for compensation, the range of vaccines covered, and the criteria for assessing causality. In the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, compensation is typically paid in a lump sum, although the specific benefits available vary by country. This study on VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan provides valuable insights for the further development and management of domestic systems.