bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODEL DEVELOPMENT IN DECISION MAKING ON VILLAGE APPARATUS PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AFTER WORKING FROM HOME USING WEIGHTED PRODUCT METHOD
Authors: Irviani Rita , Hartati Sri , Muslihudin Muhamad
Published: October 2022

These changes in the performance of course affect the effectiveness of public services and the performance of the village apparatus, starting from the service system of the apparatus, the productivity of the apparatus, and the accountability of the apparatus in carrying out government affairs delegated by the Regent. Given the pandemic situation which is gradually easing, the government has again changed the work system for personal public services while still adhering to health protocols. The return of the old model of public administration performance system certainly affects the productivity and accountability of the village apparatus. This research was conducted to measure the Performance of Village Apparatus in Kalirejo Village, Central Lampung using the Weighted Product Method which is a decision-making method using multiplication that connects the value of the criteria, where the value for each criterion must be raised to the power of the weight of the criteria concerned. The Weighted Product Method was chosen because it could complete every existing alternative. The function of the Weighted Product Method determines the weight value for each alternative and the assessment criteria which have been determined. There are seven criteria used in this study. Those criteria are Education, Productivity, Public Service, Quality of Human Resources, Accountability, Facilities, and Income per Per-capita. The results of this study are the development of a model which can be used as a benchmark for assessing village officials in Kalirejo village, Central Lampung as a trial object of research. This decision-making model can also be implemented with a mobile web application for a broader range of measurements with larger data.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI MATERI AL-QUR’AN HADIS MELALUI METODE INDEX CARD MATCH DI KELAS XI MAN 2 MODEL MEDAN
Authors: Siregar Rahmayani
Published: October 2022

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) atau dikenal dalam bahasa inggris classroom action research. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, tes, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan bentuk siklus pertama ke siklus yang berikutnya. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa rata-rata penggunaan metode Index Card Match metode Index Card Match dalam proses pembelajaran Qur’an Hadis pada siklus I sebesar 65,75% meningkat 88,75% pada siklus II.  Peningkatan kemampuan memahami materi Qur’an Hadis siswa terlihat dari rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan pemahaman dari siklus I ke siklus II. Kemampuan pemahaman yang meningkat dengan metode pembelajaran Index Card Match meliputi instrumental dan relasional. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 75 dan ketuntasan klasikalnya mencapai 66,34%, sedangkan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata peserta didik adalah 90 dan ketuntasan klasikalnya mencapai 80,81%. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sebesar 13,65%. Untuk persentase aktifitas belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 72% sedangkan pada siklus II naik menjadi 81%. Ada peningkatan aktifitas siswa sebesar 9%., 4) Ada empat indikator utama kemampuan memahami pada siswa yang menjadi acuan dalam penelitian ini. Empat indikator tersebut telah muncul secara baik dan juga bertahap pada penelitian ini.
PERAN GURU PROFESIONAL DALAM KEGIATAN MENGAJAR MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA BELAJAR BERBASIS COMPUTER DI MTs. SWASTA TARBIYAH WALADIYAH PULAU BANYAK
Authors: Retno Suci Endo , Syalsabila Tasyari , Ali Mukhlis Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Latar belakang permasalahan pada penelitian ini adalah 1). siswa kurang aktif mengikutipelajaran Akidah Akhlak dalam bentuk aktif berdiskusi, aktif bertanya atau menjawab,aktif memberikan pendapat sehubungan pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar dan mengajardilaksanakan secara online atau daring. 2) Siswa kurang memiliki minat belajar pada matapelajaran Akidah Akhlak sehingga siswa kurang memahami materi pembinaan akhlaksiswa. 3) Guru bidang studi Akidah Akhlak belum menerapkan strategi pembelajaraninovatif dan kreatif dalam kegiatan mengajar di kelas sehingga siswa tidak terlibat aktifdalam kegiatan belajar. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif deskripstif. Metodepengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisidata dilakukan secara interaktif dan berlangsung secara terus menerus sampai tuntas,sehingga datanya sudah jenuh. Teknik analisis data dengan cara reduksi data (datareduction), penyajian data (data Display), data penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi(conclusion drawing/verification). Hasil kesimpulan penelitian menujukkan bahwaanalisis tingkat profesional guru bidang studi Akidah Akhlak dalam kegitan belajar danmengajar di MTs. Swasta Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak diterapkan dengan cara yangsederhana dan mengacu pada kegiatan belajar yang berpusat pada aktivitas belajar siswa(student centred) sehingga pembelajaran ini dapat diterapkan dalam kegiatan belajar danmengajar sehari-hari didalam kelas. Proses pembelajaran bidang studi Akidah Akhlak diMTs Swasta Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak berjalan dengan efektif dan efesien. Halini disebabkan, proses untuk memahami materi pelajaran Akidah Akhlak melalui tingkatprofesionalisme guru sepenuhnya melibatkan keikut sertaan siswa dalam belajar, sehinggasiswa lebih leluasa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING DI SMP NEGERI 3 SEI LEPAN
Authors: Fuadi Ahmad , Usmaidar Usmaidar , Ardianti Kiki
Published: October 2022

Berbagai hambatan yang dialami guru dalam melaksanakan aktivitas pembelajaran secaraonline diantaranya yaitu guru merasa kesulitan dalam memilih metode pembelajaran yangtepat karena minimnya pengetahuan tentang metode pembelajaran, kurang tersedianyafasilitas untuk menerapkan metode pembelajaran, minimnya kemampuan sebagian gurudalam mengoperasikan komputer sehubungan dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran saat inimenerapkan sistem belajar secara online maka pelaksanaan sistem administrasi gurupunharus dilaksanakan secara online juga. Sehingga menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi gurudalam menyesuaikan dengan sistem administrasi yang membutuhkan inovasi, informasidan teknologi. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik pengumpulanmetode penelitian dari 4 tahapan yaitu tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan,refleksi yang dirangkum dalam siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwaKemampuan Aktivitas Belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Sei Lepan dalam keadaanbaik sesuai dengan nilai hasil ulangan terakhir yang dipaparkan oleh guru bidang studiPendidikan Agama Islam. Penggunaan Pembelajaran Model Student Facilitator AndExplaining dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Sei Lepansangat efektif dan efesien pada bidang studi Pendidikan Agama Islam. PenggunaanPembelajaran Model Student Facilitator And Explaining dapat meningkatkan kemampuanAktivitas Belajar pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa kelas VIIISMP Negeri 3 Sei Lepan dengan Presentase didapat dari nilai siswa yang telah memenuhiKetuntasan Kriteria Minimum (KKM) yaitu 70 untuk mata pelajaran Pendidikan AgamaIslam. Nilai ketuntasan prestasi memahami materi Aktivitas Belajar surat pendek Al quranoleh siswa sebagai indikator tingkat pencapaian prestasi belajar. Nilai individual siswajuga semakin meningkat.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERTANYA SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW PADA MATA PELAJARAN FIKIH KELAS VII MTS JAM’IYAH MAHMUDIYAH TANJUNG PURA
Authors: Ramadhan Fahri , Syahfitri Diani , Muchtar Muhijar
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan bertanya siswa dan untukmeningkatkan keterampilan bertanya siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipeJigsaw. Sebelum menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw, keaktifan siswadidalam kelas rendah, terkhususnya siswa yang bertanya saat proses pembelajaran masihtergolong rendah, dapat dilihat ketika proses pembelajaran berlangsung, banyak siswayang masih tidak fokus dan bermain dengan teman-temannya. Jenis penelitian adalahpenlitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII yangberjumlah 27 orang. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 2 siklus, dimana tiap siklusmelakukan dua kali pertemuan. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian iniadalah observasi, wawancara, tes lisan dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan datamenggunakan instrument tes lisan yang dilakukan disetiap akhir pertemuan pada tiapsiklus. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pada siklus I siswa yang tuntas berjumlah 19siswa dari 27 siswa, dengan angka persentase 70,37 %. Sedangkan pada pelaksanaan siklusII siswa yang tuntas 23 siswa dengan angka persentase 88,88%. Hal ini menunjukkanbahwa adanya peningkatan keterampilan bertanya siswa sebesar 18.,51% dari siklus I kesiklus II dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Jigsaw kelas VII MTs Jam’iyahMahmudiyah Tanjung Pura.
PENGARUH PERHATIAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DIMASA COVID-19 PADA SISWA KELAS VIII MTS YASPEND MUSLIM PEMATANG TENGAH
Authors: Bariah Khairul , Syarifah Kamaliah,
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the relationship between parental attention and morals learning. Then the researchers conducted a theory test by collecting theories related to the research variables discussed. The method of collecting data is by means of interviews, tests and questionnaires. Data management techniques are obtained from questionnaires that have been answered by students and tabulated on a frequency table to find the percentage of each student's answers. After that the results of student answers are entered in the score table and added together so that the number of each student's answer score is obtained. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between parents' attention to the learning of moral aqidah. The calculation result obtained from the correlation is 0.623. After calculating the product moment, the researcher compares it with the correlation table at a significant level of 5% and a significant level of 1%. . This shows that the calculation result is greater than the correlation table at both the 5% and 1% levels. This shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between parents' attention to the learning of aqidah morality. Furthermore, the researcher looks at the table that determines the level of relationship between each variable. These results indicate that the level of correlation is moderate or sufficient.
Evaluating the shortest and most efficacious decontaminating method for endodontic files in Pediatric dentistry
Authors: Mascarenhas Andrea Natalia , Nagar Priya , Krishna Shree CH Chandana , H.R Pooja
Published: October 2022

Aim: To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of various pre-sterilizing techniques used for the sterilization of endodontic files used intermittently in between patients in the dental operatory.

Materials and Methods: The current study involved investigating the effectiveness of 4 methods of pre-sterilizing endodontic files: Control group: no sterilization procedure was performed; Group A- chemical sterilization (with Glutaraldehyde), Group B- Autoclave, Group C- Ultraviolet Chamber and Group D- Ethanol. A total of 50 endodontic files for 10 patients indicated for pulp therapy in primary deciduous molars with 4 root canals each were selected for the study. After access opening, pulp was extirpated by 5 files each per patient.

After access opening, 40 root canals in 10 patients were cleaned and shaped using conventional techniques. Each file was then allotted to each group and sterilized by the above mentioned methods and assessed for sterility by putting it in eppendorf tubes containing Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth and incubating it at 37oC for 24 hours. The bacterial cultures were then measured for their optical densities using the spectrophotometer. 

Results: Maximum decrease in microbial cultures was noted in the Autoclave group followed by the Glutaraldehyde group with a non-significant difference. Ethanol and UV sterilization had non- significant results among them but were significantly different from Autoclave and Glutaraldehyde.

Conclusion: Pre sterilization of files is an important step especially in these times and can be easily achieved by various methods.
Comparative efficacy of synthetic pesticides with botanical extracts under field condition on cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Ahmad Mehboob
Published: October 2022

Cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is one of the important insect pests of cabbage crop which causes remarkable quantitative or qualitative crop losses. The effect of different new chemical insecticides and one botanical oil, neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the  population density of P. brassicae was studied at Hazara Agricultural research station, Abbottabad(Pakistan). The study showed that neem oil had a significant effect on population of P. brassic in comparison to control treatment.So, neem oil alone or in combination with insecticides can be used for control of P. brassicae in vegetable crops for a safer food supply.
Effect of supplemental potassium and chitosan on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Amir , Nawaz Fahim , Aziz Mudassir , Ahmad Wazir
Published: October 2022

In the present study, we evaluated the influence of potassium (K) and chitosan (Ct) on sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under water limitations. The plants of a drought tolerant sunflower hybrid viz. Hysun-33 were grown to flowering stage under normal conditions and later subjected to drought by withholding irrigation at 50 days after sowing (DAS) for two weeks. Foliar spray of K (1%) and Ct (0.1%) were applied to both normal and water stressed plants, whereas the control plants were treated with water spray (control). The role of exogenous K and Ct application in improving drought tolerance of sunflower was determined by measuring various yield parameters. The obtained data was statistically analyzed following Fisher’s ANOVA technique and difference among the treatments was tested by Tukey test at probability level of 5%. The results showed that the plants foliar sprayed with the combined Ct and K maintained the highest chlorophyll content, thereby increasing the yield attributes under water deficit conditions. Also, a marked increment in macronutrients uptake was observed by Ct + K application in drought stressed plants. Our findings suggest that the application of Ct + K is an effective strategy to improve sunflower yield in arid areas.
AN IOT BASED ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLLED POULTRY FARM WITH CLOUD STORAGE
Authors: Mumtaz Imran
Published: October 2022

Poultry one of the leading and vibrant agricultural segment in Pakistan poultry production, with a total contribution of 31% is one of the most important part of our economy. In the latest survey, Gross investment in this sector currently exceeds Rs.700.00 billion (Pakistan Economic Survey, 2016). The current per capita supply of protein from animal sources like beef in Pakistan, The average quantities of mutton, poultry and fish are 11grams a day. The focus of the daily dietary protein supply of the animal source is extremely less then recommended at W.H.O.26-gram (World Health Organization standards). The inner ecosystem of poultry sheds are polluted by ammonia from droppings in extensive grill sheds, the enormous size of the bird flock may otherwise cause inadequate ventilation of birds, this situation a single wave of heat may be harms in this situation, in a short period, high amount of chicken will be die. The Pakistan poultry association (PPA) reported a loss of several million rupees per year from this sector due to increased production costs simply because environmental control was not proper management. The current work is focus on the best developing a system that can monitor and control the poultry farm shed. In this research, focus on low cost indigenous intelligent solution to the efficient control of the medium-sized poultry farms will be provided for this project. The middle-class poultry farm can easily implement this system.
ESTIMATING THE POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS HARBORING SITES OF PINK BOLLWORM (PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA) IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Nasir
Published: October 2022

Pectinophora gossypiella is the most potential pest among all bollworms of cotton crop. Studies were conducted to find the Pink Bollworm (PBW) moths population in pheromone traps installed near different harboring sites. Pink Bollworm larvae overwinter in cotton seeds or in soil. From these sources moth emerges, that affect the next season crop. The sex pheromone traps charged with Gossyplure [(Z, Z) and (Z, E) 7, 11 hexadecadienyl acetate] were installed on four potential sites of PBW to catch the moths. Data regarding PBW moths catch in sex pheromone traps were recorded on weekly basis while metrological factors effecting PBW moths catch were recorded on daily basis. Relationship between the moths catch and weather factors were computed by simple correlation. The results concluded that maximum mean moths catch were recorded in those traps that were installed near cotton sticks heaps i. e 85.61 followed by cotton field 24.47. The lowest average number of moths catch was captured in traps of cotton seed store 1.22. The highest moths mean population 3.87 was trapped in the month of September from cotton field traps, however no moth was recorded during the month of December among all the sites.  The moths catch in traps installed near cotton sticks heaps site has positive correlation with mean maximum and minimum temperature while has non-significant correlation with relative humidity and rainfall. Cotton sticks heaps are the major harboring sites of PBW infestation to the successive cotton crop.
BIOSENSORS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DETECTION AND MONITORING
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad
Published: October 2022

The discharge of dangerous contaminants like pesticides, chemicals and heavy metals into the natural ecosystem is a worldwide issue. Therefore, it is important to identify fast-moving and recyclable contaminants. Biosensors are highly sensitive devices for detecting environmental pollution. Various biosensor types have been developed to detect environmental contamination. Biosensor is the most recent breakthrough in environmental pollution detection and monitoring. Biosensors are widely used in the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, surfactants, biological oxygen demand, phenolic compounds, pharmaceutical compounds, and pathogenic organisms. This paper mainly focuses on the principle, working, characteristics, and uses of biosensors, which are constructed for the detection of pollution.
ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN MEAT AND POULTRY: TRANSMISSION, CONSEQUENCES ON HUMAN HEALTH AND IMPACT OF NON-THERMAL DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGIES: A REVIEW
Authors: Suleman Dr. Raheel , Zulfiqar Sabahat , Rojo Alma Delia Alarcon , Shahid Maimoona
Published: October 2022

Food-borne pathogens cause serious health threats to consumers globally. The consumption of contaminated and undercooked meat products obtained from livestock and poultry are the major sources of its transmission. The E. coli O157:H7 is transmitted to meat and its products through poor sanitary environment, improper and unhygienic slaughtering processing and use of contaminated equipment. As a result, outbursts of E. coli O157:H7 have been observed in various regions of the world. This review highlights factors involved in the transmission of E. coli O157:H7, its clinical manifestation, associated health hazards and control measures like cold plasma treatment, high-pressure processing and electrolyzed water treatment must be followed for outbreaks prevention.
Requirements for Developing the Technical Education and Vocational Training System in Republic of Yemen
Authors:   Associate Professor of Administration and Educational Planning || College of Education || Sana'a University || Republic of Yemen, Al- Sharjabi Abdulrahman , Alshihab Ameen ,   Dean of the College of Technology || Ministry of Technical Education and Vocational Training. || Republic of Yemen, Al-Matari Sameera
Published: October 2022

Abstract in English: This study aims at investigating the requirements for developing the technical education and vocational training system in Yemen. It benefited from the experiences of world’s leading countries in the field of technical education and vocational training such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Finland. The researched used the comparative analytical descriptive methods. The results showed that there are failure areas of failure and obstacles facing the technical education and vocational training in Yemen. The most important of these issues are: duality and plurality source of legislation, weak funding almost depending on government, and weak infrastructure, classic curricula and teaching methods, several recommendations emerged as result of this study. First, researchers suggest unifying the legislations and policies in one ministry of education or even into two entities. Second, giving administrative and decision-making power with full control to the technical collages and vocational institutions. Third, supporting the technical education and vocational system with adequate funding and resources to enable it to improve its infrastructure and start new programs and specializations. Key words: Requirements of development- System- Technical Education-Vocational Training- Yemen الملخص بالعربية: هدف البحث إلى التعرف على متطلبات تطوير نظام التعليم الفني والتدريب المهني في الجمهورية اليمنية؛ بالاستفادة من تجارب أكثر الدول العالمية الرائدة في مجال التعليم الفني والتدريب المهني، وهي: (ألمانيا – النمسا - سويسرا – فنلندا)، واستخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المقارن، وتمثلت العينة في مجموعة من الوثائق الورقية والإلكترونية والدراسات خلال الأعوام الأخيرة، وبينت نتائج الدراسة وجود جوانب قصور ومشكلات تواجه نظام التعليم الفني والمهني في الجمهورية اليمنية، من أهمها: ازدواجية وتعددية مصادر التشريع، ضعف التمويل والاعتماد شبة الكلي على التمويل الحكومي، ضعف البنية التحتية، وتقليدية المناهج وأساليب وطرائق التدريس، واستنادا للنتائج قدم الباحثون مجموعة من التوصيات؛ وتضمنت أهم المتطلبات لتطوير النظام وأهمها: توحيد مصدر التشريعات والسياسات في وزارة واحدة، والتمكين الإداري للكليات الفنية والمعاهد المهنية، وإيجاد مصادر تمويل متعددة لدعم التعليم الفني والمهني، وفتح برامج دراسية وتخصصات حديثة. أضاف الباحثون في الأخير مقترحات بدراسات مكملة في الموضوع. الكلمات المفتاحية: متطلبات التطوير، نظام التعليم الفني – التدريب المهني _ اليمن، تجارب دولية.
ASTAVIDHA SHAHTRA KARMA IN NETRA ROGA: A REVIEW
Authors: S Hugar Dr Deepa , R Hiremath Dr Veerayya , D.K Dr Shashikala. , Dr Gururaj
Published: October 2022

yurveda the science of healthy living encompasses various branches related to different therapeutic aspects; ShalakyaChikitsa is one of eight branches. Afewdiseases are being treated successfully by adopting chaturvidhachikstaandAstavidha Shastra Karma.AstavidhaShastraKarmaoffer great advantages in surgical emergency and resembles some modern techniques of surgery. This article summarizes role of AstavidhaShastra Karma in netraroga for the management of various surgical problems.
Composite Beam Tests with Closed Cell Polyurethane and Aluminum Foam
Authors: Mason George , Salman Ethan , Mujahid Shiraz
Published: October 2022

The frames of many commercial vehicles are composed of rectangular tubular steel and are a significant portion of the gross vehicle weight. The introduction of a composite frame would potentially reduce weight and increase structural properties. We compare a baseline frame section to new composite sections injected with two different types of foam: a polyurethane and aluminum foam. The objective was to increase the overall strength and stiffness, while leaving the overall weight of the frame unchanged or reduced by reducing the plate thickness of the tubular steel. Sections of rectangular tubular steel are tested individually with and without the inclusion of aluminum and closed cell polyurethane foam. The potential advantages include light weighting vehicles, increasing strength and durability, improving ride through a more ridged/stiffer un-sprung mass, and the ability to make quick structural repairs of a compromised vehicle frame. The study revealed that injecting of polyurethane foam produced increase in strength while the aluminum foam did not increase the strength.
Spectral Methods for Single Channel Speech Enhancement in Multi-Source Environment
Authors: Alamgir Rustrana  , Sarmadullah Khan  , Ahmad Sheeraz
Published: October 2022

Speech communication for both humans and automatic devices can be negatively impacted by background noise, which is common in real environments. Among many techniques, speech separation using a single microphone is the most desirable from an application standpoint. The resulting monaural speech separation problem has been a central one in speech processing for several decades. However, its success has been limited thus far. This research presents work that develops speech separation systems using combinations of T-F masking, DNNs, and model-based reconstruction. The aim of each system is to improve the perceptual quality of the speech estimates. The performance of many speech processing applications is severely degraded when both noise and reverberation are present. The proposed solution has been tested in the simulation environment and based on the simulation result, it is observed that the speech enhancement can easily be performed through the integration of the solution. This research suggests two staged noise reducing systems in order to reduce the background noise through a single microphone recording in a low-SNR based on ideal binary masking and Wiener filter. It has two stages. Firstly, for background noise reduction, a Wiener filter with an enhanced SNR is utilised on noisy speech. Secondly, IBM is calculated in each time–frequency channel through utilisation of the pre–processed speech from the first stage and the matching of the time–frequency channels to a pre-selected threshold in order to minimise residual noise. These channels meeting the threshold requirement are conserved while all the other ones are attenuated.
مفهوم التدليس عند المحدثين من الفريقين- دراسة موازنة
Authors: م. د. محمد عبد الهادي العامري
Published: October 2022

البحث الموسوم (اضاءات على مفهوم التدليس عند علماء الفريقين)محاولة لتسليط الضوء على مفهوم التدليس وأقسامه ،وطرقه، ومراتبه ، وكيف أنه شكل ظاهرة وحقيقة واقعة في المصنفات الحديثية لأهل السنة بمختلف مذاهبهم ، وما هي الأسباب وراء ذك  مضافاً الى بيان استعمال العلماء لمصطلح التدليس على المستوى التطبيقي ، وقد أثمر البحث جملة من النتائج أهمها  هو خلو هذه المصنفات الحديثية عند الإمامية  من الرواة المدلسين، وإن التدليس في بعض  كلمات علماء الإمامية قد يراد به معانٍ أخرى تغاير ما اصطلح عليه عند أهل الحديث.
Machinery for Plant Protection in Cotton Crop
Authors: Singh Makkar Manjeet , Kumar Gangwar Santosh
Published: October 2022

Spraying is very tedious and time consuming operation. There is a need of an efficient, precise and high capacity machine for spraying. The pesticide with conventional sprayers is not so effective because non-uniform spray and of lesser width of coverage. Distribution of pesticide is not uniform especially at the underside of the leaves. The pest can be controlled effectively if pesticides are applied properly at the right rate, right time and on the target by right equipment. In field crops like cotton the pest attacks is on the lower side of the leaves during vegetative as well as reproductive stages of the cotton crop. The sprays with conventional sprayer do not enter at the bottom of the plant canopy and at lower side of the leaves. Different type of sprayers are being developed especially for the control of white fly in cotton crop. These sprayers can also be used for crops like sugarcane, potato etc. Air assisted electrostatic sprayer, Auto rotating gun type sprayer, Multipurpose high clearance sprayer and even drones are now a days used for spraying in cotton crop. Multipurpose high clearance sprayer mostly preferred by the farmers has three types of spraying arrangements namely auto rotate gun, boom type and drop up type nozzles can work at all stages of the crop and saves time, labor and cost of operation as well as it reduces drudgery of the operation. Selection of nozzle is also important for these type of sprayers. Automatic controller can be fitted on these sprayers for adjusting the discharge and to reduce missing or overlapping of spray.
Studies on Colored Cotton: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects
Authors: Nagarajan Sathees , Purushothaman Yazhni , Selvavinayagam Monika , Govindharaj Pandidurai , Musthafa Aasif
Published: October 2022

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a commercially important fiber crop used as the primary raw material in the textile industry and is cultivated throughout the world. Normally cotton fiber is white color and various dyes are used to color the fiber. In textile industry, the process of artificial dying is a major source of pollution to the environment and the cost of dying is also higher. Apart from the white fiber, several cotton species have colored fiber which can be used to reduce the dying process and its ill effects to the environment. The cotton fiber color inheritance pattern is an urgent problem. The physical and chemical properties of colored cotton are determined by its chemical composition. The naturally colored cotton contain some important properties such as, greater hygiene, hypoallergenic properties, lower flammability and higher ultraviolet protection value compared to traditional white cotton. The natural colored cotton loss their market value due to the poor fiber quality. Understanding of the colored cotton pigment composition, biochemical and genetic prospects of colored cotton will be useful for the development of high quality of colored cotton.
The L2 – Structure of Subordinated Solution of Continuous-Time Bilinear Time Series
Authors: Bibi Abdelouahab
Published: October 2022

The models of stochastic subordination, or random time indexing, has been recently applied to model financial returns Xtt≥0 exhibiting some characteristic periods of constant values for instance exchange rate. In reality, sharp and large variations for X(t) do occur. These sharp and large variations are linked to information arrivals and/or represent sudden events and hence we have a model with jumps. For this purpose, by substituting the usual deterministic time t as a subordinator Ttt≥0 in a stochastic process Xtt≥0 we obtain a new process XTtt≥0 whose stochastic time is dominated by the subordinator Ttt≥0. Therefore we propose in this paper an alternative approach based on a combination of the continuous-time bilinear (COBL) process subordinated by a Poisson process (that it is a Levy process) which permits us to introduce further randomness for the phenomena which exhibit either a speeded up or slowed down behavior. So, the main probabilistic properties of such models are studied and the explicit expression of the higher-order moments properties are given. Moreover, moments method (MM) is proposed as an estimation issue of the unknown parameters. Simulation studies confirm the theoretical findings and show that the MM method proposal can effectively reduce both the bias and the mean square error of parameter estimates.
De-Coloniality and De-Minoritization of Indigenous Cultural Heritage in Africa: An Exploration of Nambya Religion
Authors: Zivave Wilson
Published: October 2022

Scholarship on indigenous populations has tended to downplay the importance of minority cultural heritage. In this article I explore how colonialism, Christianity and ethnicity have colluded in ensuring that indigenous cultural heritage of minority groups is diluted, compromised and disfigured. This has led to the identity loss and cultural circumcision of minority groups like the Nambya people in Zimbabwe. Drawing on religious-ethnographic research of the Nambya I argue that Nambyan culture have been treated as the “other”. I contend that by exploring the role of colonialism, Christianity and ethnicity dominance in impacting on the loss of the rich religious heritage of the Nambyan ethnic group. There are factors which minoritise the other in order to dominate the cultural and religious spaces in multicultural society. I demonstrate that minoritisation of ethnic groups like the Nambya have resulted in the cementing of colonial hegemony and ethnic dominance of the Shona and Ndebele. Lastly I recommend that de-minoritisation of Nambyan beliefs system is imperative as part of the wider efforts to preserve the cultural heritage of people who are marginalised because of ethnicity.
Magnetic Scattering with Polarised Soft X-rays
Authors: Steadman Paul , Fan Raymond
Published: October 2022

Soft X-ray scattering is a powerful technique for measuring magnetic materials. By highlighting some examples using diffraction, small angle scattering and reflectivity the element sensitivity and strong dependence of the polarisation on both the size and direction of the magnetic moments in both single crystals and thin films will be demonstrated.
Review of Food Access in the Shade of Critical Times
Authors: Almalki Abrar , Gokaraju Balakrishna , C. Tesiero Raymond
Published: October 2022

Food security is a condition where people at all times have physical, economic, and social access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. Even though the world produces enough food for all humans, we have people with low access to food due to several socioeconomic variables, and this lack of food access affects their lives and health in return. On regular days, physical access to food outlets is limited by several variables and that creates categories in food access areas. In extreme weather events, the accessibility becomes more limited due to the impact on mobility, and interruption to electricity or transportation systems. These weather events increase due to climate change, and the future is highly unpredictable. The cumulative effect of climate change and pandemics increases the risk of complicated circumstances for food security. COVID-19 pandemic is considered the largest epidemic, and the onset of these large-scale future epidemics is predicted to be inevitable. This chapter will describe the extent of food access categories in Guilford county of North Carolina pre-COVID-19, and the influence of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic on the food-access distribution.
The Innate and Adaptive Immune System of the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius: Current Knowledge and Research Opportunities
Authors: Meraj Sanam , Gries Gerhard
Published: October 2022

The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), is a blood-feeding ectoparasite of vertebrates, primarily humans. In contrast to many other hematophagous arthropods, such as kissing bugs, mosquitoes, sandflies, and ticks that intermittently seek blood meals from vertebrate hosts, C. lectularius does not vector disease-causing pathogens and parasites to their human hosts. In this review, we summarize currently known immune responses by C. lectularius, and propose worthy research topics. Challenged by microbe ingestion or infection, C. lectularius mounts cellular immune responses such as phagocytosis of bacteria, as well as humoral responses such as secretions of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph. The functional immune system of the hemimetabolous C. lectularius resembles that of holometabolous insects but exhibits distinct deviations, including a sparser immune repertoire, the production of DNA nets by cells in response to pathogen invasions, and reproductive immune anticipation in the context of sexual reproduction (traumatic insemination). Many components of the C. lectularius immune system still await discovery, including the receptor molecules and immune pathways involved in antiparasitic and antiviral immune responses. Why C. lectularius does not vector pathogens to human hosts is hardly understood. Potential explanations include upregulated antimicrobial peptide activities that help eliminate invading pathogens.
Some Aromatic Schiff Bases and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: M. Radanović Mirjana , Barta Holló Berta
Published: October 2022

Schiff bases represent a widely studied group of compounds, interesting from the synthetic and structural, but also applicational point of view. Among these, aromatic Schiff bases stand out due to their stability and possible application as safer therapeutic agents. Since the presence of the phenolic group and the heteroatom in the benzene ring seems to be of interest for the biological activity of Schiff bases, imine derivatives of some dihydroxybenzaldehydes, 2-acetylpyridine, and 2,6-diacetylpyridine are chosen to be described here. The syntheses, structural features, as well as investigations of possible application of Schiff bases themselves, but also their metal complexes are described. The Cambridge Structural Database has been searched to obtain a better knowledge of the structures of these Schiff bases and their metal complexes, structural changes upon coordination, and the most common and interesting modes of coordination. The main accent is given to those compounds that are promising candidates for medicinal and pharmaceutical use, but some of the described complexes are good as catalysts, optical materials, sensors, analytical reagents, etc.
Review of Cervix Cancer Classification Using Radiomics on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Aouadi Souha , Mohamed Nadin , Aloudeh Jude , Zeid Mohamed , Bouhali Othmane , Hammoud Rabih , Al-Hammadi Noora , Torfeh Tarraf
Published: October 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most used imaging modalities for the identification and quantification of various types of cancers. MRI image analysis is mostly conducted by experts relying on the visual interpretation of the images and some basic semiquantitative parameters. However, it is well known that additional clinical information is available in these images and can be harvested using the field of radiomics. This consists of the extraction of complex unexplored features from these images that can provide underlying functions in disease process. In this paper, we provide a review of the application of radiomics to extract relevant information from MRI Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) for the classification of cervix cancer. The main research findings are the presentation of the state of the art of this application with the description of its main steps and related challenges.
Post-Fire Debris Flow Susceptibility Assessment Tracking the “Cauliflower Effect”: A Case Study in Montecito, USA
Authors: Douvinet Johnny
Published: October 2022

Most of the studies focused on triggering conditions to identify the critical thresholds beyond which the occurrence of postfire debris flows becomes more than likely. However, researchers rarely focused on the relations between the morphological patterns and influences on surface water flows, while after extreme fires, the burned areas strongly reduce the infiltration capacities and generate important runoffs. So, to address these relations, we used the cellular automaton RuiCells©. This model brings out the concentration areas inside a given form, in which networks and surfaces are well-structured, and patterns are similar to efficient forms that can be found by looking at a cauliflower. This model has been applied to assess the flash floods susceptibility in sedimentary areas, with a success rate of 43%, so we decided to apply this model to the five catchments located at the apex of urbanized fans upstream of Montecito (Santa Barbara County, USA), affected by debris flows that occurred on January 9, 2018, 20 days after the Thomas Fire (one of the largest wildfires in California history). Some of values have never been observed elsewhere. So, we might apply this approach to assess the postfire debris flows susceptibilities given the increasing number of fires and mega fires.
Investigating the Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco Among Adults: A Qualitative Study Based on the Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Solhi Mahnaz , Mehrabian Fardin , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed , Fattahi Esmaeil , Barati Hadis , Zareban Iraj , Manzari Zahra Sadat
Published: October 2022

Background: The use of smokeless tobacco is a public health problem worldwide. The use of these substances can cause various diseases and increase mortality. Objectives: The aim of this qualitative study was to explain the reasons for using smokeless tobacco based on the grounded theory approach. Patients and Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using the grounded theory approach in 2020 - 2021. Participants were adult users of smokeless tobacco in Chabahar city, southeast Iran. The strategy for choosing participants was based on purposeful sampling and continued till theoretical saturation was achieved. Thirty adults who were smokeless tobacco users participated in the interviews voluntarily. We used techniques such as asking questions, constant comparisons, and writing memos to collect data, which were analyzed based on the grounded theory presented by Corbin and Strauss in 2008. Results: Two themes emerged from data analysis (the context of consumption and the need for effective supervision), each of which had several subcategories. The opportunity for consumption was the first main category of the contextual factors frequently mentioned by the participants, whose subcategories included consumption culture, individual and general beliefs, and consumption by family members. Insufficient supervision was the second main category, which included three subcategories, profitable market, insufficient supervision, and easy access. Conclusions: In general, two main themes explain the tendency of adults to consume smokeless tobacco: The context of consumption and the need for effective supervision. Concepts such as the consumer’s culture, individual and public beliefs, family members and friends being users, profitable market, the need for effective supervision, and easy access were the key factors pushing people of different ages toward using smokeless tobacco in Chabahar city.
Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of COVID 19 in Health Care Workers in Two Main Hospitals During the Pandemic in Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Jamalidoust Marzieh , Ashkan Zahra , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Asaei Sadaf , Aliabadi Nasrin , Abbasi Pejman , Namayandeh Mandana , Ziyaeyan Mazyar
Published: October 2022

Background: Given that immunocompromised patients are more at risk for the infection of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiological data are critical for assessing the corresponding prevalence among health care workers (HCWs) and patients at health centers. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the staff of two hospitals that take care of immunocompromised patients, including pediatrics and adults with special medical conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes all HCWs of the two hospitals; Abu Ali Sina Transplant Hospital (AASTH) and Amir al-Momenin Burn Injury Hospital (AABIH) in Shiraz, southern Iran, conducted from April 11, 2020, to June 16, 2021. The TaqMan real-time PCR assay was used to assess the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in the suspected HCWs. Results: Out of 1232 sampled HCWs, 694 (56%) were female. Two hundred sixty-five samples (21.5%) and 967 samples (78.5%) were prepared from AABIH, and AASTH, respectively. The results showed that 30% (373) of the clinically suspected employees had positive test results. There was a significant correlation between the risk of exposure to COVID-19 patients and the PCR positivity rate, which could be explained by the fact that 58% of the infected HCWs were in a high-risk group, 20% medium-risk, and the remaining 22% were low-risk (P < 0.0001). The rates of positive cases in females were higher than that among male counterparts (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In order to protect health care workers and reduce the prevalence and transmission of diseases, deficiencies must be identified and eliminated.
Violence against the Serbs of Gnjilan kaza 1900-1903
Authors: Zarković Vesna
Published: October 2022

According to the administrative reform of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century, the Gnjilankaza was part of the Prištinasandžak of the Kosovo vilayet. Kaza and the town of Gnjilane were of great importance for the Serbian population, which was compact and numerous in that area. It was precisely because of this that it was exposed to various atrocities and violence, which, according to Albanians idea, should have resulted in the emigration and reduction of the number of Serbs. Over time, Albanian crimes against Serbs in Old Serbia increased - it was recorded that there were 979 of them in the Gnjilankaza from 1889 to 1912, of which 151 were for the period from 1900 to 1903. Violence in Gjilan kaza was repeated every day, and Serbs, faced with confiscation of property, burning of houses, rape of girls and women, ban on carrying weapons, were forced to emigrate to Serbia or other places in the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish authorities did not take measures to restore order and protect the Serbian population. Failure to take measures and impunity against the perpetrators had the effect of increasing the number of atrocities, which encouraged lesser-known perpetrators, even the smallest and most ordinary Albanians, to continue destroying Serbs in full view of the authorities, not only in Gnjilan kaza, but in the whole of Old Serbia. There are numerous cases where the authorities looked favorably upon the rioters and cooperated with them on an almost daily basis. From time to time, the military actions undertaken did not bring the expected results, and the situation on the ground, after the suspension of the actions of the army and the gendarmerie, returned to its original state, after which an even greater anarchy reigned. From the Gnjilan kaza, and in general from the Priština sandjak, it spread and covered other parts of the Kosovo vilayet. The actions of the Turkish authorities, in this case the kaymakam of Gnjilan, who not only did not react to the complaints of the Serbs, but often stood in solidarity with the wrongdoers and supported such actions, went hand in hand with Abanian's misdeeds. The consuls of the Kingdom of Serbia in Priština reported daily to the Government in Belgrade about the situation in Gnjilan kaza and Old Serbia in general, which through its representatives in the Ottoman Empire and in the capitals of the great powers tried to influence European opinion and cause their reaction. The Ottoman authorities wanted to demonstrate to Europe that they were interested in bringing order to Old Serbia, so the general inspector for the Rumelian vilayets, Hilmi Pasha, took some measures. However, his work was concentrated only on certain parts, but not on those where there was a need.