bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flavonoids and Kavalactones Isolated From Seeds of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata and Their Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Man , You Hua‐Lin , Yang Lan , Zhou Bo , Su Kang‐Mei , Gajendran Babu , Shen Xiang‐Chun , Zhang Nen‐Ling
Published: January 2025

An unrevealed dihydroflavone‐monoterpene conjugate (1), 2 unrevealed kavalactones (2 and 3, including 1 with an uncommon side chain), and 13 previously identified compounds (4–16) were extracted from Alpinia katsumadai Hayata seeds. The two‐dimensional structures of the new compounds were authenticated utilizing HRESIMS as well as NMR spectral analysis, whereas their absolute chiral configurations were ascertained either by correlating the experimental and simulated values of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) patterns or conducting x‐ray diffraction experiments. Compounds 2–5, 9, 11, and 14 were assessed for their capacity to impede the growth of cancer cells of A549, HepG2, SGC7901, and SW480 using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Compounds 3 and 4 demonstrated antiproliferative activity with IC50 ranges of 3.94–21.78 µM, whereas the other compounds exhibited no significant cytotoxicity.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of the Super High‐Pressure Balloon (SIS‐OPN) for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kumar Sant , Jalli Sandeep , Sandoval Yader , Alaswad Khaldoon , Patel Nachiket J. , Henry Tim , Doshi Darshan , Pershad Ashish , Seto Arnold , Kumar Gautam , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The super high‐pressure NC balloon (OPN NC; SIS Medical AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) is increasingly used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of its efficacy and safety.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify studies using the OPN NC balloon in PCI. Procedural success, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), coronary perforation, and other complications were pooled using weighted means, confidence intervals (CI), and I² statistics for heterogeneity assessment.

Results

Twenty‐nine studies (5 prospective including 2 randomized‐controlled trials, 12 retrospective, and 12 case reports) were included in the systematic review, of which 11 (3 prospective, 8 retrospective) were included in the meta‐analysis. Of the 1015 meta‐analysis patients, 50.7% presented with stable angina and 21.6% with an acute coronary syndrome. Mean lesion length was 22.8 ± 13.7 mm, the prevalence of moderate or severe calcification was 93.7%, and 40.4% of lesions were in‐stent. Procedural success was 95.1% (95% CI 89.3%−98.8% with significant heterogeneity: I² = 84.9%). The incidence of periprocedural MACE was 1.9% (95% CI 1.1%−2.8%, I² 86.9%), and the incidence of coronary perforation was 0.6% (95% CI 0.3%−1.5%, I² 87.2%).

Conclusions

Use of the OPN NC balloon is associated with high success and acceptable complication rates. The heterogeneity of outcomes underscores the need for additional studies and standardized definitions.
Evaluating the breadmaking potential of wholemeal flours from einkorn, emmer, and spelt grown in the Canadian prairies
Authors: Valsalan Anashwar , Hucl Pierre , Malalgoda Maneka
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Ancient grains like einkorn, emmer, and spelt remain underutilized and underexplored, limiting their market potential. This study evaluates the chemical composition, rheology, pasting, and baking properties of spring growth habit einkorn, emmer, and spelt cultivars grown in the Canadian prairies compared to wholemeal and refined hexaploid wheat.

Findings

Einkorn cultivars (CDC Aixe and CDC Marval) had inferior dough mixing properties and the lowest bread loaf volume. CDC Tatra (emmer) bread had a significantly (p < .05) higher specific volume (3.32 mL/g) than Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wholemeal bread.

Conclusions

Results from mixing and baking indicate that emmer and spelt cultivars have the potential to be used in breadmaking applications, while einkorn cultivars with suboptimal properties need ingredient technology and process modifications to improve their functionalities.

Significance and Novelty

The study was able to identify and characterize an emmer cultivar (CDC Tatra) with excellent mixing and baking properties having the potential as a standalone flour for baking applications. This represents a significant advancement, as prior research had not recognized any emmer cultivars for their suitability in baking. Our results highlight that cultivar‐based assessment is essential in evaluating the end‐use quality of ancient grain species, thereby developing products using such underutilized grains.
Stacking Ensemble Learning Method for Quantitative Analysis of Soluble Solid Content in Apples
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Huang Zhensheng , Zhang Xiao
Published: January 2025

The soluble solids content (SSC) in apples directly affects their quality. This study aimed to detect SSC nondestructively using hyperspectral technology combined with chemometrics. However, data generation may not follow a specific pattern, and even small perturbations in the data can have a significant impact on the constructed model. To improve the anti‐interference capability of individual models, this study proposed a stacking ensemble learning method that adopted partial least squares (PLS), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost), random forest (RF) as basic‐learners, and RF serving as a meta‐learner. Experimental results showed that the performance of the established model on the test set were as follows: the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.4325, mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.3245, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 0.0271, coefficient of determination () was 0.9250. These results indicate that the stacking ensemble learning approach could appropriately fuse the predictive results of each basic‐learner and improve the prediction accuracy of individual models. To verify the superiority of the proposed stacking ensemble learning method, the selection of its basic‐learners, meta‐learner, and combination strategy were compared and analyzed. This study not only provides a theoretical reference for the further development of related nondestructive detection equipment but also offers guidance for fusion algorithms as well.
Spin‐Frustrated Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mandal Rimpa , Ninawe Pranay , Acharya Aradhana , Ballav Nirmalya
Published: January 2025

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of structured materials with diverse functionality originating from their distinctive physicochemical properties. This review focuses on the specific chemical design of geometrically frustrated MOFs along with the origin of the intriguing magnetic properties. We have discussed the arrangement of spin centres (metal and ligand) which are responsible for the unusual magnetic phenomena in MOFs. Both two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) MOFs with frustrated magnetism, their synthetic routes, and evaluation of magnetic properties are highlighted. Such spin‐frustrated MOFs may find applications in the field of memory devices, transistors, sensors, and the development of unconventional superconductors.
High‐throughput Experimentation Enables the Development of a Nickel‐catalyzed Cyanation Platform for (Hetero)aryl Halides
Authors: Porte Vincent , Kollmus Philipp , Serrano Eloisa , Santagostino Marco
Published: January 2025

A novel screening platform for the nickel‐catalyzed cyanation of (hetero)aryl halides relying on the use of air‐stable Ni(COD)DQ at low loading is reported. Through high‐throughput experimentation (HTE), various ligand and solvent combinations are systematically explored, allowing the fast identification of suitable conditions. This standardized workflow serves as an excellent starting point for selecting other competent nickel precatalysts and for further optimization of reluctant substrates. The transformation exhibits broad functional group tolerance and can be readily scaled up to gram‐scale.
Broken Symmetry and Elastic Frustration in Isostructural MnIII Spin Crossover Crystals
Authors: Kelly Conor T. , Jakobsen Vibe B. , Jordan Ross , Felton Solveig , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Morgan Grace G.
Published: January 2025

Symmetry breaking spin state transitions in two of three isostructural salts of MnIII spin crossover cations, [MnIII(3‐OMe‐5‐NO2‐sal2323)]+, with heavy anions are reported. The ReO4− (1) salt undergoes two‐step spin crossover which is coupled with a re‐entrant symmetry breaking structural phase transition between a high temperature phase (S=2, C2/c), an intermediate ordered phase (S=1/S=2, P21/c), and a low temperature phase (S=1, C2/c). The AsF6− (2) complex undergoes an abrupt transition between a high temperature phase (S=2, C2/c) and a low temperature ordered phase (S=1/S=2, P
). The SbF6− (3) complex undergoes a gradual transition between a high temperature phase (S=2, P
) and a low temperature spin state ordered phase (S=1/S=2, P‐
). Correlation of the volume of the anion and the T1/2 of the transitions in these complexes and three analogous complexes with similar anions, BF4− (4), ClO4− (5), PF6− (6), reveals an increase in T1/2 upon increasing the anion volume. We rationalise that the volume of the anions used modulates the elastic interactions between the MnIII sites in the lattice, with increasing elastic frustration with the larger anions resulting in a two‐stepped transition for 1 and the stabilisation of the mixed (HS:LS) state to low temperature for 2 and 3.
Priority Recovery of Lithium From Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries via H2O‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Zhang Yinghua , Ru Juanjian , Hua Yixin , Cheng Mingqiang , Lu Lianwu , Wang Ding
Published: January 2025

The growing use of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries has raised concerns about their environmental impact and recycling challenges, particularly the recovery of Li. Here, we propose a new strategy for the priority recovery of Li and precise separation of Fe and P from spent LFP cathode materials via H2O‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Through adjusting the form of the metal complexes and precipitation mode, above 99.95% Li and Fe can be dissolved in choline chloride‐anhydrous oxalic acid‐water (ChCl‐OA‐H2O) DES, and the high recovery efficiency of Li and Fe about 93.41% and 97.40% accordingly are obtained. The effects of the main parameters are comprehensively investigated during the leaching and recovery processes. The recovery mechanism of the pretreated LFP is clarified and the rate‐controlling step of the heterogeneous dissolution reactions is also identified. Results show that soluble phases of Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and Fe2O3 are formed after roasting pretreatment, and Li(I) ions tend to form Li2C2O4 precipitates with C2O42− during the leaching process so that Li can be recovered preferentially in purity of 99.82%. After UV‐visible light irradiation, Fe(III) ions are converted into Fe(II) ions, which can react with C2O42− to form FeC2O4 precipitates by adjusting the H2O content, and P is recovered as Na3PO4∙12H2O (99.98% purity). Additionally, a plan for the recycling of used DES is proposed and the leaching and recovery performances still maintain stable after three recycling circles. The method offers an approach with a simple process, high efficiency, and waste‐free recycling for priority recovery Li and precise separation of Fe and P from spent LFP batteries in DESs.
Personalized Indicator Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Uncertain Constrained Many‐Objective Optimization Problem With Interval Functions
Authors: Wen Jie , Wang Qian , Dong Haozhe , Cui Zhihua
Published: January 2025

In practical engineering problems, uncertainties due to prediction errors and fluctuations in equipment efficiency often lead to constrained many‐objective optimization problem with interval parameters (ICMaOPs). These problems pose significant challenges for evolutionary algorithms, particularly in balancing solution convergence, diversity, feasibility, and uncertainty. To address these challenges, a personalized indicator‐based evolutionary algorithm (PI‐ICMaOEA) specifically designed for ICMaOPs is proposed. The PI‐ICMaOEA integrates a comprehensive quality indicator that encapsulates convergence, diversity, uncertainty, and feasibility factors, converting multiple objectives in high‐dimensional search spaces into a single evaluative metric. Each factor's weight is personalized assigned based on individual performance, objective dimension, and the evolving conditions of the population. By prioritizing individuals with excellent indicator values for mating and environmental selection, PI‐ICMaOEA effectively enhances selection pressure in high‐dimensional spaces. Comparative simulations demonstrate that PI‐ICMaOEA is highly competitive, offering a robust solution for balancing convergence, diversity, uncertainty, and feasibility in ICMaOPs.
Comparative Aerodynamic Analysis and Parallel Performance of 2D CFD Simulations of a VAWT Using Sliding Mesh Interface Method
Authors: Önel Hüseyin Can , Adam Ali Ata , Uzol Nilay Sezer
Published: January 2025

With rapid advancements in computer hardware and numerical modeling methods, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has gained prominence in simulating complex flows. As parallel computation becomes an industry standard, the computational efficiency of simulations has become critical. The flow around a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), characterized by complex dynamics and challenging rotating geometry, serves as an intriguing case for CFD studies. This study employs the open‐source CFD solvers SU2 and OpenFOAM to simulate the incompressible, unsteady, and turbulent flow around an H‐type Darrieus VAWT in two dimensions. Spatial and temporal discretization parameters are examined to balance computational cost and accuracy, revealing notable effects on power predictions. Simulations conducted under identical conditions allow for a comparison of the predictions and parallel performances of SU2 and OpenFOAM across three distinct tip speed ratios (TSRs). The findings show that discretization parameters behave differently at various TSRs. While power predictions from SU2 and OpenFOAM generally align with experimental data and with each other, discrepancies arise at lower TSRs, with thrust predictions showing better consistency. Although OpenFOAM provides a faster solution across all parallel configurations, SU2 demonstrates superior parallel scalability, achieving higher speedup and efficiency.
A Reliable and Secure Permissioned Blockchain‐Assisted Data Transfer Mechanism in Healthcare‐Based Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Vinayasree P. , Reddy A. Mallikarjuna
Published: January 2025

Healthcare systems are highly sensitive to cyberattacks as these systems possess most of the sensitive information compared to other systems relying on internet facilities. Due to the stronger security merits and efficiency of blockchain, it is integrated with the healthcare sector to ensure reliable data transfer. However, to improve the reliability and efficiency of the integrated system, a permissioned blockchain‐based security framework combining several techniques is proposed. To enable storing and validating blocks containing medical data on the blockchain, the miner is administered using the delegated proof of stake (DPoS) consensus protocol. This protocol is efficient in choosing the miner from the list of participants. Then, the blocks are created using recursive indexing with an Even–Rodeh (RI‐ER) coding hashing scheme. This algorithm is an indexing scheme that is much more efficient than the normal hashing algorithms. The validation process is carried out by the miner using the hash values provided to the users. By using the kidney disease dataset from Kaggle, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated. The performance analysis proved the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to other schemes.
Tunable Memory Performances of Hyperbranched Polyimides Functionalized with Metal‐Porphyrins
Authors: Shen Yang , Xu Yi-Ran , Yang Ting-Ting , Su Hao , Yao Hong-Yan , Liu Hui-Ling , Song Ying
Published: January 2025

With the rapid advancement of information technology, the need to achieve ultra‐high‐density data storage has become a pressing necessity. This study synthesized three hyperbranched polyimides (HBPI‐TAPP, HBPI‐(Zn)TAPP, and HBPI‐(Cu)TAPP) by polymerizing 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP), which features a cavity for metal ion coordination, with 4,4'‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), to systematically investigate the effect of metal ion species on storage performance. According to the results, memory devices based on HBPI‐(Zn)TAPP exhibit volatile SRAM (static random‐access memory) characteristics, whereas devices employing HBPI‐TAPP and HBPI‐(Cu)TAPP demonstrate non‐volatile WORM (write‐once, read‐many) characteristics. Molecular simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) reveal that the storage behaviors of these polymers are governed by a charge‐transfer mechanism, wherein electrons transfer from the porphyrin donor segment to the 6FDA acceptor segment, forming charge‐transfer complexes that are not easily dissociated. The larger dipole moments of HBPI‐TAPP and HBPI‐(Cu)TAPP render the complexes difficult to dissociate, resulting in WORM‐type memory behavior. In contrast, HBPI‐(Zn)TAPP has the lowest threshold voltage, with a stronger electron binding that hinders the dissociation of the charge transfer complex, thereby enabling SRAM‐type memory behavior.
Making student employment more impactful through conversation and reflection
Authors: Puffett Amanda , Pistilli Matthew D. , Ansong Katie M.
Published: January 2025

National research demonstrates that students working on campus remain enrolled at rates higher than their peers who do not work or work off‐campus. Considered by many to be a high‐impact practice (McClellan, Creager, and Savoca 2018) (https://bit.ly/3E01jLS), the student employment experience is an integral part of students’ education, growth, and development.
Mononuclear Pt(II) Complexes and [Pt‐Ag‐Pt] Cluster: Controllable Syntheses, Structural Transition and Luminescence Modulation
Authors: Lv Xin‐Tong , Huang Jian‐Gong , Cao Deng‐Ke
Published: January 2025

Complexes [Pt(moppy)(PPh2Py)Cl] (1), [Pt(moppy)(PPh2Py)]PF6 (2) and [Pt2(moppy)2(CH3CN)2Ag(μ‐PPh2Py)2](PF6)3 (3) have been synthesized through choosing suitable experimental condition to modulate the coordination mode of PPh2Py. Crystal structures indicate that 1 and 2 show distinct mononuclear structures, and complex 3 is a [Pt−Ag‐Pt] cluster. In a CH2Cl2–H2O mixed solvent, complexes 1 and 2 can be interconverted upon alternately adding AgPF6 and NaCl. Complex 3 can dissociate into complex 2 in solution. These complexes reveal different luminescence. In deaerated acetone, complex 1 is non‐luminescent, while 2 show green luminescence with main emission bands at 511 and 534 nm. Complexes 1 and 2 in solid state show similar green luminescence, but significant differences in quantum yield, Φ=7.4 % for 1, and Φ=17.6 % for 2. Compared to 1 and 2, complex 3⋅CH3COCH3 exhibits yellow solid‐state luminescecne (Φ=14.1 %). In this paper, we discuss structural transitions among complexes 1–3 and luminescence modulation.
Directing‐Group‐Assisted Markovnikov Hydroximation of Styrenes Enabled by Photoredox/Cobalt Dual‐Catalysis
Authors: Xiao Qian , Lu Maojian , Xiao Yonghong , Zhong Jian‐Ji
Published: January 2025

By the combination of acridinium salt as a photocatalyst and cobaloxime complex as a co‐catalyst, a simple and mild approach has been developed for the directing‐group‐assisted Markovnikov‐selective hydroximation of styrenes under visible‐light irradiation. Herein, the directing‐group on styrenes plays an important role for this transformation. Although the substrate scope seems to be limited, such an approach features excellent regioselectivity and high atom economy. In contrast with previous methodologies, this photoredox/cobalt dual‐catalytic system is operationally simple, and avoids the use of any other sacrificial reagents.
Lateral End‐Range Movement Profile and Shot Effectiveness During Grand Slam Tennis Match‐Play
Authors: Armstrong Cameron , Peeling Peter , Murphy Alistair , Turlach Berwin A. , Reid Machar
Published: January 2025

End‐range movements are among the most demanding but least understood in the sport of tennis. Using male Hawk‐Eye data from match‐play during the 2021–2023 Australian Open tournaments, we evaluated the speed, deceleration, acceleration, and shot quality characteristics of these types of movement in men's Grand Slam tennis. Lateral end‐range movements that incorporated a change of direction (CoD) were identified for analysis using k‐means (end‐range) and random forest (CoD) machine learning models. Peak speed, average deceleration into the CoD, average reacceleration out of the CoD, and the quality of the shot played were computed. Players were grouped based on their ATP rankings (top 10, top 50, and outside top 50) to examine the influence of ranking on movement profiles and shot effectiveness. Our data showed that end‐range movements profiles of top 10 and top 50 players were characterized by higher peak speed (d = 0.3–0.88), deceleration intensity (d = 0.25–0.63), and acceleration intensity (d = 0.06–0.51) when compared to players outside the top 50 (p < 0.05). Top 10 players also demonstrated greater peak speeds (d = 0.59) and acceleration intensities (d = 0.45) compared to top 50 players (p < 0.05). There was a nonlinear inverse relationship between peak speed and shot quality, such that, as peak speed increased, shot quality decreased—notwithstanding that top 10 players were more likely to hit high‐quality shots at higher peak speeds. These results quantify the discrete kinematic characteristics of the sport's most challenging movement sequence and reveal, for the first time, that higher ranked players may possess superior movement potential on court.
Validity and Inter‐Device Reliability of an Artificial Intelligence App for Real‐Time Assessment of 505 Change of Direction Tests
Authors: Barrera‐Domínguez Francisco J. , Jones Paul A. , Almagro Bartolomé J. , Molina‐López Jorge
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to explore the validity and inter‐device reliability of a novel artificial intelligence app (Asstrapp) for real‐time measurement of the traditional (tra505) and modified‐505 (mod505) change of direction (COD) tests. Twenty‐five male Sports Science students (age, 23.5 ± 3.27 years; body height, 178 ± 9.76 cm; body mass, 79.4 ± 14.7 kg) completed 12 trials each, consisting of six tra505 and six mod505 trials. Completion times were simultaneously recorded via single‐beam electronic timing gates (ETG) and two different iPhones (APP1 and APP2). In total 300 trials were collected across the two tests, using all three devices, to establish the reliability and validity of the app. The coefficient of variation indicated a similar level of dispersion between the ETG (≤ 2.73%), APP1 (≤ 2.39%) and APP2 (≤ 2.52%). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed excellent reliability among the three timing devices (ICC ≥ 0.99) and Asstrapp relative reliability was excellent for both APP1 (ICC ≥ 0.91) and APP2 (ICC ≥ 0.91). There was a practically perfect correlation and agreement between ETG and Asstrapp (APP1: r = 0.97; APP2: r = 0.97) for both COD tests. However, small but significant differences were found between smartphones and ETG for tra505 (ES ≤ 0.33; p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings support the use of Asstrapp for real‐time assessment of both 505 COD tests.
A Randomized Non‐overlapping Encryption Scheme for Enhanced Image Security in Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Authors: Aqeel Muhammad , Jaffar Arfan , Faheem Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad Waqar , Iqbal Nadeem , Yousaf Shahid , Diab Hossam
Published: January 2025

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has underscored the critical need to safeguard the data they store and transmit. Among various data types, digital images often carry highly sensitive information, making their protection against breaches essential. This study introduces a novel image encryption algorithm specifically designed to bolster the security of images in resource‐constrained IoT ecosystems. Leveraging the randomness of a 5D multi‐wing hyperchaotic map, the proposed method employs pairs of non‐overlapping rectangles to induce confusion by swapping the pixels they encompass. Repeated iterations of this operation achieve significant confusion effects, enhancing encryption strength. To validate the robustness of the proposed algorithm, standard benchmark images were utilized, and rigorous security metrics —including information entropy, correlation coefficient, histogram uniformity, and resistance to differential attacks —were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the algorithm not only ensures strong protection against unauthorized access but also maintains low computational complexity, making it ideal for IoT applications. This research provides a foundational step toward ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of visual data in an increasingly interconnected digital world.
NeuroSight: A Deep‐Learning Integrated Efficient Approach to Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Bin Shabbir Mugdha Shafayat , Uddin Mahtab
Published: January 2025

Brain tumors pose a significant health risk and require immediate attention. Despite progress, accurately classifying these tumors remains challenging due to their location, shape, and size variability. This has led to exploring deep learning and machine learning in biomedical imaging, particularly in processing and analyzing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. This study compared a newly developed Convolutional Neural Network model to pre‐trained models using transfer learning, focusing on a comprehensive comparison involving VGG‐16, ResNet‐50, AlexNet, and Inception‐v3. VGG‐16 model outperformed all other models with 95.52% test accuracy, 99.87% training accuracy, and 0.2348 validation loss. ResNet‐50 model got 93.31% test accuracy, 98.78% training accuracy, and 0.6327 validation loss. The CNN model has a 0.2960 validation loss, 92.59% test accuracy, and 98.11% training accuracy. The worst model seemed to be Inception‐v3, with 89.40% test accuracy, 97.89% training accuracy, and 0.4418 validation loss. This approach facilitates deep‐learning researchers in identifying and categorizing brain cancers by comparing recent papers and assessing deep‐learning methodologies.
MWCNT/SiO2 Hybrid Nano‐PCM for Ultrafast Solar Cookers: An Experimental Study
Authors: Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Saravanan R. , Said Zafar , Al‐lehaibi Moaz
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of sustainable energy solutions is crucial in meeting global sustainable development goals (SDGs). This experimental study explores enhancing a box‐type solar cooker's thermal performance through the integration of a hybrid nano‐enhanced phase change material (PCM). Specifically, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles were incorporated into the PCM at a 2% concentration, with 1% each of MWCNT and SiO2. The hybrid nano‐PCM was meticulously prepared using ultrasonication to ensure optimal dispersion and homogeneity. This innovative approach significantly improved the cooker's efficiency, achieving a peak PCM temperature of 128.9°C, a cooking power of 47.6 W, an average efficiency of 28.5%, and an energy efficiency of 6.2%. Notably, the cooking time was halved, from 36.3 min to just 18 min, demonstrating the ultrafast capabilities of the solar cooker. These findings underscore the potential of the MWCNT/SiO2 hybrid nano‐PCM in revolutionizing solar cooking technology, offering a cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient solution for sustainable energy harvesting.
PAK3 pathogenic variant associated with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy in a family with parental mosaicism
Authors: Gambardella Antonio , Liu Yu‐Chi , Bennett Mark F. , Green Timothy E. , Damiano John A. , Fortunato Francesco , Coleman Matthew J. , Cherfils Jacqueline , Barnier Jean‐Vianney , Gecz Jozef , Bahlo Melanie , Berkovic Samuel F. , Hildebrand Michael S.
Published: January 2025

Protein‐activated kinases mediate spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity. PAK3 is part of the p21‐activated kinases (PAKs) family of Ras‐signaling serine/threonine kinases. Pathogenic variants in the X‐linked gene PAK3 have been described in patients with neurodevelopmental syndromes. We analyzed an Italian family with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy, intellectual disability, psychiatric and behavioral problems, and dysmorphic facial features. A novel PAK3 c.342_344del (p.Lys114del) inframe deletion was detected in the family. Protein structure analysis supported deleterious impact of p.Lys114 deletion through loss or partial loss of autoinhibition of PAK3 protein kinase activity. The male proband had drug‐resistant hypermotor seizures and moderate intellectual disability. His brother had drug‐responsive hypermotor seizures and mild intellectual disability. Both brothers were hemizygous and had psychiatric and behavioral problems as well as dysmorphic facial features. Their mother had never had seizures but was shown to be mosaic for the PAK3 pathogenic variant. She had normal intellect but did have short stature and dysmorphic facial features similar to her sons. This is the first reported association of a PAK3 pathogenic variant with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy. PAK3 testing should be considered in families with suspected X‐linked sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy and intellectual disability, including for mosaicism in mildly affected females.

Plain Language Summary

We studied an Italian family with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy, intellectual disability, psychiatric and behavioral problems, and dysmorphic facial features. A novel PAK3 c.342_344del (p.Lys114del) inframe deletion was detected in the family. Protein structure analysis supported deleterious impact of p.Lys114 deletion through loss or partial loss of autoinhibition of PAK3 protein kinase activity. This is the first reported association of a PAK3 pathogenic variant with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy. PAK3 testing should be considered in families with suspected X‐linked sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy and intellectual disability, including for mosaicism in mildly affected females.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factors Among Public Primary Second‐Cycle Schoolchildren in Debre Markos Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Abebaw Abtie , Demeke Gebreselassie , Mengist Hylemariam Mihiretie , Endalamaw Mengistu , Demeke Gizew Damtie
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Intestinal parasitic infection is a common disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The burden of intestinal parasites is worse in schoolchildren, which leads to absenteeism from school, lower cognitive ability, affects academic performance, and causes malnutrition and anemia. While many studies have been reported, there is a paucity of published data in Debre Markos. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among public primary second‐cycle schoolchildren in Debre Markos Town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A school‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among three selected public primary second‐cycle schools in Debre Markos town from May 1 to 30, 2022. Study participants were selected by using random and systematic sampling techniques with proportional allocation to each grade. Data were collected using semi‐structured questionnaires. A single stool specimen was collected from the study participants and processed using direct wet mount and formol ether concentration technique. Binary logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between independent and outcome variables at a 95% confidence level.

Results

A total of 343 students were included in the study. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 12% (41/343) with a predominance of hookworms (5.2%, 18/343), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides 2.3% (8/343), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 1.2% (4/343), Hymenolepis nana 0.9% (3/343), Strongyloides stercoralis 0.9% (3/343), Giardia lamblia 0.9% (3/343), and Trichuris trichiura 0.6% (2/343). The habit of open‐field defecation (AOR, 95% CI; 2.43 [1.16–5.09]), not using soap to wash hands (AOR, 95% CI; 2.93 [1.33–6.42]), and not wearing closed shoes (AOR, 95% CI; 3.12 [1.19–8.23]) were factors significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection.

Conclusion

The prevalence of intestinal parasites was comparatively low in the study area. Open‐field defecation, not using soap to wash hands, and not wearing closed shoes were identified as independent predictors.
Examining Gender Differences in Aggression as a Predictor of Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide in a Cross‐Sectional French Sample
Authors: Martin Sylvia
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

The expected outcomes of the Covid‐19 pandemic have a supposedly worsened impact on mental health and suicidal risk. Traditionally, males were supposed to have heightened Aggression and impulsivity in stressful times. We aim to measure the actual differences that existed during the COVID‐19 pandemic across male and female participants.

Methods

An overall number of 288 females/95 males (mean age: men = 34.97; women = 32.90 years) participants were recruited. The protocol included questionnaires about suicidal risk, anxiety, depression, impulsivity, aggression, hopelessness, and demographics.

Results

Differences exist in the sense of loneliness, the number of persons being isolated with, anxiety, and several impulsivity subdimensions. A correlation existed for both men and women for anxiety and depression, revealing the impact of aggression. Suicide men's scores correlated with anxiety and depression, lack of premeditation, and hopelessness. Women also had such correlation, except for lack of perseverance, social dimensions, and aggression. Analyses reveal the predictive impact of hopelessness and aggression on anxiety, depression, and suicidal risk predominantly in females.

Conclusion

Our results contradict common ideas that men have heightened aggression and impulsivity. Further research needs to address aggression issues.
Capital Market Opening and Corporate Innovation: Mediating Role of ESG Performance and Financing Constraints
Authors: Zhao Jiyang , Wang Xiaohong , Luan Xiangyu
Published: January 2025

This study uses a quasi‐natural experiment of the Shanghai‐Hong Kong and Shenzhen‐Hong Kong Connect Trading Systems to investigate the role of the capital market opening in fostering corporate innovation. We use panel data for A‐listed corporations covering 2009–2021 to construct empirical analysis, and corroborate that the capital market opening can exert significantly positive influences on corporate innovation. The robustness of the research is verified. Furthermore, we conduct quantile analysis to investigate asymmetric effects, and employ multi‐phase difference‐in‐difference‐in‐difference model, which reveals that the positive effect of capital market opening is more distinctly potent among the heavy polluters and the new‐high‐tech corporations. Moreover, the results also reflect that the capital market opening can enhance ESG performance and ease financing constraints, which in turn enhances corporate innovation. This study extends the researches on the topic regarding the relationship between capital market opening and corporate innovation, and outlines the theoretical and practical implications of helping foster corporate innovation.
Accuracy of pathogen diagnostic codes for acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infections in children
Authors: Searns Justin B. , Hall Matt , Birkholz Meghan , Downes Kevin J. , Hubbell Brittany B. , Kern‐Goldberger Andrew S. , Markham Jessica L. , Newland Jason G. , Rolsma Stephanie L. , Wang Marie E. , O'Leary Sean T. , Dominguez Samuel R. , Parker Sarah K. , Kronman Matthew P.
Published: January 2025

Administrative databases are powerful tools for pediatric research but lack patient‐level microbiology results. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of pathogen discharge diagnosis codes for children hospitalized with acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infections (MSKIs). Medical records for 244 children hospitalized with acute hematogenous MSKIs were manually reviewed to determine which bacterial pathogen, if any, was identified for each MSKI based on microbiology results obtained during the hospitalization. Microbiology results for each patient were then compared to their discharge diagnoses in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to determine the accuracy of pathogen discharge codes. Discharge diagnostic codes correctly matched the microbiology results in 89.3% of encounters. Sensitivity and specificity for Staphylococcus aureus discharge diagnostic codes were 88.6% and 96.4% respectively for methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus and 92.9% and 99.5% for methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. Pathogen discharge codes are reliable surrogates that accurately reflect the microbiology results for children with MSKIs.
Feasibility of IR‐MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of PFAS
Authors: Martin Allen , Joignant Alena N. , Farrell Matt , Planchart Antonio , Muddiman David C.
Published: January 2025

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging contaminants that have been in use industrially since the 1940s. Their long‐term and extensive commercial use has led to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. The ability to measure the bioconcentration and distribution of PFAS in the tissue of aquatic organisms helps elucidate the persistence of PFAS as well as environmental impacts. Traditional analysis by LC–MS/MS can measure total PFAS concentrations within an organism but cannot provide comprehensive spatial information regarding PFAS concentrations within the organism. In the current study, we used infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR‐MALDESI) to determine the limit of detection (LOD) of several PFAS utilizing a commercial standard mix spotted on mouse liver tissue. The traditional ice matrix and an alternative matrix, 1,8‐bis (tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (TMGN), were explored when determining the limits of detection for various PFAS by IR‐MALDESI. The ice matrix alone resulted in a higher response than the combination of TMGN and ice. The resulting LOD for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) on a per voxel basis was 0.16 fmol/voxel. For comparison, zebrafish that were exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFOS, and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) at different concentrations were homogenized, and PFAS were extracted by solid–liquid extraction, purified by solid phase extraction, and analyzed by LC–MS/MS to determine the level of bioaccumulation in the zebrafish. PFOS resulted in the highest level of bioaccumulation (731.9 μg/kg, or 234.2 fg/voxel). A zebrafish that had been exposed to a PFAS mixture of PFOA (250 ng/L), PFOS (250 ng/L), and PFHxS (125 ng/L) was cryosectioned and analyzed by IR‐MALDESI. Images could not be generated as the accumulation of PFAS in the sectioned tissue was below detection limit of the technique.
Real‐world clinical practice of current periprocedural anticoagulation management in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Data from a large prospective ablation registry
Authors: Taomoto Yuta , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Nagata Yasutoshi , Nitta Junichi , Inaba Osamu , Shirai Yasuhiro , Tanaka Yasuaki , Sekiguchi Yukio , Inamura Yukihiro , Sagawa Yuichiro , Mizukami Akira , Azegami Koji , Iwai Shinsuke , Hachiya Hitoshi , Ono Yuichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Sasaki Takeshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Okada Hiroyuki , Suzuki Atsushi , Suzuki Makoto , Handa Keita , Hirao Kenzo , Nakajima Jun , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Takigawa Masateru , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: January 2025

Background

The guidelines recommend anticoagulation management with uninterrupted warfarin or direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) during the atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation periprocedural period.

Objectives

To clarify the Japanese real‐world latest periprocedural anticoagulation management during AF ablation.

Methods

This multicenter observational study included 6232 consecutive AF patients (68.7 ± 10.9 years, 4346 men) who underwent periprocedural anticoagulation therapy using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) between January 2022 and August 2023.

Results

The mean CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores were 1.2 ± 1.1 and 2.3 ± 1.5. Bleeding and thromboembolic events occurred in 79 (1.3%) and eight (0.12%) patients. During the periprocedural period, factor Xa inhibitors (FXaIs) were used in 3063 patients (rivaroxaban in 624, apixaban in 1093, and edoxaban in 1345) and DTIs in 3170 including 2583 in whom DTIs were switched from FXaIs. Both the bleeding (0.85% vs. 1.69%, p = .003) and thromboembolic event rates (0.03% vs. 0.23%, p = .036) were significantly lower in the DTI‐ than FXaI‐group. A multivariate analysis showed periprocedural FXaI use was significantly associated with both bleeding events (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–3.08, p = .006) and cardiac tamponade (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.27–5.9, p = .01). The interval between the last DOAC administration and the procedure was significantly shorter in the DTI‐ than FXaI‐group (4.2 ± 4.9 vs. 19.3 ± 10.7 h, p < .01). In the FXaI‐group, the bleeding rate tended to be lower in the minimally interrupted (n = 2105) than uninterrupted group (n = 821) (1.47% vs. 2.56%, p = .06). Two patients in the uninterrupted FXaI‐group required surgical management for cardiac tamponade.

Conclusions

Our multicenter real‐world data demonstrated that anticoagulation with DTIs was a reasonable periprocedural anticoagulation regimen to reduce periprocedural complications.
Different effects of catheter ablation on exercise tolerance, leg strength, and quality of life in paroxysmal versus persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Matsuura Gen , Fukaya Hidehira , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Saito Daiki , Nakamura Hironori , Ishizue Naruya , Yoshizawa Tomoharu , Kishihara Jun , Niwano Shinichi , Oikawa Jun , Ako Junya
Published: January 2025

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) can improve exercise tolerance and quality of life (QOL) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its differential effects on muscle strength between paroxysmal AF (PAF) and nonparoxysmal AF (Non‐PAF) remain unclear.

Methods

We evaluated 94 patients (67.8 ± 10.3 years old, 71% male) who underwent CA (PAF/Non‐PAF 46/48) without AF recurrence. Six‐minute walk distance (6MWD), leg strength, and an AF‐specific QOL questionnaire (AFQLQ) were evaluated at baseline, 3, and 6 months after CA.

Results

At baseline, the 6MWD and AFQLQ subset 3 score were significantly lower in patients with PAF than in those with Non‐PAF, but the parameters of muscle strength were comparable between the two groups. Both 6MWD and AFQLQ significantly improved at 6 months after CA in both groups. However, leg strength at 6 months after CA significantly improved in the Non‐PAF group (54.9 ± 16.5 to 58.4 ± 15.2, p < .05) but not in the PAF group.

Conclusion

Successful CA for both PAF and Non‐PAF improved QOL and exercise tolerance. Additionally, CA improved leg strength in Non‐PAF patients.
Gastrointestinal bleed mortality disparities in patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross‐sectional analysis 1999–2020
Authors: Sainbayar Enkhtsogt , Ibrahim Ramzi , Noh Sangkyu , Pham Hoang Nhat , Shahid Mahek , Elias Joseph , Grewal Harneet , Mouhaffel Rama , Folk Akira , Hartnett Jack , Lee Kwan , Lee Justin Z.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is often encountered among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) due to the use of anticoagulation. This study assesses disparities in GIB‐related mortality among decedents with AF in the United States.

Methods

GIB mortality data in patients with AF from 1999 to 2020 was queried from the CDC database. Decedent demographic information (age, sex, race and ethnicity, and geographic residence) was obtained from death certificates. We calculated age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) through the direct method and estimated the annual percentage change (APC) in mortality using log‐linear regression models.

Results

From 11,209 GIB‐related deaths among AF decedents, we observed an increase in AAMR from 0.12 in 1999 to 0.21 in 2020, particularly during the 2009 to 2020 period (APC +4.8, p < .001). Disproportionate mortality rates were noted in males (AAMR 0.18) and White populations (AAMR 0.15) as compared to females (AAMR 0.13) and Black populations (AAMR 0.10), respectively. Rural regions also reported higher mortality (AAMR 0.18) than urban areas (AAMR 0.14). Mortality shifts in urban regions remained stagnant from 1999 to 2009 (APC –0.15, p = .806) followed by an increase from 2009 to 2020 (APC +4.83, p < .001). However, mortality increased consistently from 1999 to 2020 in rural regions (APC +4.08, p < .001). The Northeast US exhibited the highest mortality rate (AAMR 0.18), followed by the Midwest (AAMR 0.16), West (AAMR 0.14), and South (AAMR 0.13).

Conclusions

Disparities in GIB mortality among AF decedents were identified. These findings accentuate the need for targeted interventions to mitigate GIB risks in vulnerable subgroups.
DUV Double‐Resonant Raman Spectra and Interference Effect in Graphene: First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Zhang Ye , Liu Renhui , Huang Jianqi , Tuan Hung Nguyen , Saito Riichiro , Yang Teng , Zhang Zhidong
Published: January 2025

We calculate double‐resonance Raman (DRR) spectra of monolayer graphene by first‐principles density functional calculation, for wide laser excitation energies from the near‐infrared (1.58 eV) to the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV, 5.41 eV) region. When laser excitation energy, , goes into the DUV region, Raman peak wavenumber for G band switches from red‐shift to blue‐shift and for 2D band switches from red‐shift to constant, in contrast to the continuous blue‐shift of G band. Raman intensity of the three bands generally decreases with increasing , except for around 4.08 eV where Raman intensity diverges due to van Hove singularity of electron density of states. The combined two‐phonon modes change with for both G and G bands (e.g., from 2LO to 2TO and back to 2LO for G and from LA + LO/TO to TA + LO/TO for G) but remain 2LO for 2D band. Further, the dominant DRR scattering process of G band changes from the electron‐hole ( or ) scattering processes to the scattering processes as goes into the DUV region, since the Dirac energy bands become asymmetric between and band that suppresses the process and the Raman intensity. Another factor to suppress the Raman intensity is the quantum interference effect between four scattering processes () which changes from constructive to destructive interference and finally to no interference with increasing . We calculate ‐dependent Raman tensor of the three bands and polarized Raman spectra, which further support the interference effect. The calculated results are directly compared and consistent with the experimental results.
Local wellposedness of the Vlasov‐Riesz‐Fokker‐Planck system in modulation space
Authors: Wang Yiliu , Zhang Xianwen
Published: January 2025

We obtain local wellposedness for the Vlasov‐Riesz‐Fokker‐Planck system in Modulation space, as well as a regularity‐enhancing property of the system. We provide an estimate of the nonlinear term in Modulation space with higher regularity. The proof primarily relies on exploiting the properties of operators in Modulation space, while also drawing upon a proof analogous to that of the Bernstein multiplier theorem.