bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Liberalization and Protectionism Approaches in African Aviation Industry: A Tourism Perspective
Authors: Banda Sydney , Lambulira Mathews , Bello Felix Gasten
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the perceptions of tourism and aviation key stakeholders towards the performance of Malawi flag carrier airline, attitudes towards protectionism, and views on liberalization in the country's aviation industry. Utilising qualitative methods, the data was collected from key stakeholders within the aviation and tourism sectors in Malawi. The findings of the study highlight partial protectionism and liberation in Malawi aviation industry. The findings also reveal a diverse range of opinions towards protectionism and liberation among industry players, reflecting both positive and negative perspectives, with a prevailing inclination towards supporting the liberalization of the aviation sector. The study identified mixed perceptions regarding the performance of Malawi national airline, primarily characterized by negative viewpoints. In light of these findings, it is recommended that the national airline should continue fostering strategic partnerships with reputable international airlines, implement training programmes aimed at enhancing the skills and expertise of airline personnel, striking a balance between protectionism and fair market competition, and promote collaboration between the aviation and tourism sectors. The study also recommends the full implementation of the Yamoussoukro Declaration, which aims to liberalize air transport services across Africa, to foster regional integration and enhance the competitiveness of Malawi aviation industry.
An effort to improve the quality of human resources through the english short course program for preschool teachers
Authors: Mangendre Yuliana , Laaly Sri Ayu
Published: February 2025

This training activity focuses on English language training for early childhood teachers in one of sub-districts in Banggai Regency. This study is aimed at increasing the awareness of the importance of introducing English to early childhood, increasing knowledge of English so that it can be taught to students and finding out learning models for early childhood. This service activity was carried out for 4 months from April to July 2023. According to the agreement with partners at the beginning of the meeting, the training time was held twice by using a face-to-face mode for a month, on Saturdays, to be precise in the first and third weeks. This activity ran smoothly from 10.00 am to 12.00 noon. The location for the training was in one of the Educational office in Luwuk Selatan District, Banggai Regency. The Community Service activity involved PAUD (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini/Early Childhood Education) teachers as the community service partners, consisting of 15 participants representing their respective schools. Training material regarding language components included vocabulary, pronunciation and spelling. The results of this activity showed that the participants were very enthusiastic about participating in the training. This also succeeded in increasing understanding and broadening partners' insights which was expected to be able to pass on to their respective students. It can be concluded from the results of the community activity that the current activity ran successfully. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that in the future partners always update their knowledge of English through similar training activities and also be able to apply the knowledge gained to their respective students.
The Hidden Cost of Inflation: A Threat to Health and Nutrition
Authors: Divyaparvathy J.
Published: February 2025

The rising tide of inflation is affecting various aspects of our daily lives, but one area of deep concern is its impact on health and nutrition. The FAO food price index reached a record high in March 2022, standing 116% higher than its value in 2000. When the cost of living rises, more households struggle to afford enough food, leading to malnutrition or undernutrition. This situation is particularly concerning for vulnerable populations, such as children, who require adequate nutrition for proper growth and development, and the elderly, who often have specific dietary needs and may live on fixed incomes. As costs for medical services and medications rise, many individuals may delay or skip necessary care. This is especially concerning for those managing chronic conditions, where consistent treatment and medication adherence are crucial. Addressing the health and nutrition consequences of inflation requires a multi-faceted approach. Policymakers must consider economic measures that stabilize food prices and healthcare costs alongside public health initiatives that promote affordable nutrition. Coping strategies include individual and family-level strategy implementation, community and non-profit interventions, government intervention, policy advocacy and awareness, private sector, and business engagement in various aspects.
A case report of peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Varghese Sheenu Sara , Govindan Jayasree M.
Published: February 2025

A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with pancytopenia was presented to our institute as the peripheral center found difficulties with cross-matching and transfusion. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, lymph node biopsy with immunehistochemical studies, and T-cell receptor gene assay confirmed peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Peripheral T-cell lymphoma most often presents with enlarged lymph nodes and paraneoplastic features such as eosinophilia and pruritus; however, AIHA could be a rare manifestation. With initiation of chemotherapy, though the patient has recovered well, later on succumbed to COVID. The literature shows that PTCL-NOS can have varied some even rare clinical presentations and requires a multimodality approach for making a conclusive diagnosis.
Staged total hip arthroplasty using a handmade articulating spacer to manage bifocal-infected non-united femoral shaft and neck fractures. A case report and technical note
Authors: Abdelhafez Mostafa T. , Arafa Mohamed E. , Adam Mahmoud F. , Moustafa Mohamed A.
Published: February 2025

The coexistence of infected nonunion in both femoral shaft and neck fractures poses a multifaceted challenge, entailing complexities in approach, cost considerations, and management duration for both the orthopedic surgeon and the patient with limited documented evidence for appropriate management. This case report presents a distinctive instance of concurrent infected nonunion in femoral neck and shaft fractures. The treatment strategy involved a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a handmade articulating antibiotic spacer was utilized to eradicate infection and achieve osseous union. Subsequently, a conventional primary total hip arthroplasty was performed to restore joint functionality. We suggest that this handmade spacer offers a cost-effective alternative, alleviating the economic burden associated with other revision modalities that tend to be more costly and technically demanding in such clinical scenarios.
ЧАСТНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ В ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ И ПОЭЗИИ ДАГЕСТАНА ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ ХХ В.
Authors: ДАЛГАТ Э.М.
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается, как частная жизнь в Дагестане во второй половине XIX – начале ХХ в. отражалась в фольклоре и поэзии. Частная жизнь является одной из важных составляющих повседневной жизни. Это та сфера жизни, куда не имели права вторгаться посторонние, она была закрыта для общества. Частная жизнь включает в себя много аспектов. Мы задались целью показать, как в фольклоре и поэзии рассматривались такие составляющие частной жизни, как любовь и семейная жизнь, дружба. Для достижения поставленной цели мы рассмотрим фольклор – пословицы и поговорки народов Дагестана, творчество дагестанских поэтов, повествующие о любви, о семейной жизни, дружбе. Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что специально частной жизнью в Дагестане во второй половине XIX – начале ХХ в. из историков никто не занимался. При написании статьи мы использовали разные методы исследования, в том числе историко-генетический, один из основных методов исторического исследования, нацеленный на изучение происхождения и этапов развития конкретных исторических явлений, сравнительно-исторический, который основывается на сравнениях. Исследовав частную жизнь, ее отражения в фольклоре и поэзии, мы пришли к выводу, что в этой сфере повседневной жизни особых изменений не произошло. Как и раньше, девушки не были свободны в выборе брачного партнера, решение принимали родители. В семейной жизни роли мужчины и женщины были четко распределены и строго соблюдались.

The article examines how private life in Dagestan in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries was reflected in folklore and poetry. Private life is one of the important components of everyday life. This is the area of life where outsiders have no right to intrude; it is closed to society. Private life includes many aspects. We set a goal to show how such components of private life as love and family life, friendship were considered in folklore and poetry. To achieve this goal, we will consider folklore – proverbs and sayings of the peoples of Dagestan, the work of Dagestan poets, telling about love, about family life. The relevance of the study is that no historians have specifically studied private life in Dagestan in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. When writing the article, we used different research methods, including historical-genetic, one of the main methods of historical research aimed at studying the origin and stages of development of specific historical phenomena, comparative historical, which is based on comparisons. Having studied private life, its reflections in folklore and poetry, we came to the conclusion that there were no special changes in this area of everyday life. As before, girls were not free to choose a marriage partner; the decision was made by their parents. In family life, the roles of men and women were clearly distributed and strictly observed.
A Model for Teaching Asian Religions at School. Designing Religious Education Starting from Challenges to Eurocentrism.
Authors: Lapis Giovanni
Published: February 2025

Die Erforschung asiatischer Religionen stellte für die Religionswissenschaft eine Herausforderung dar, bot aber auch die Chance, die Religionswissenschaft neu zu bestimmen. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die Herausforderungen als Ausgangspunkt, etwa den Widerstand asiatischer Religionen gegenüber dem christentumszentrierten Religionsparadigma und dessen modernen und zeitgenössischen Entwicklungen, die eng mit hegemonialen westlichen Vorstellungen von Religion verbunden sind, und reflektiert den schulischen, religionskundlichen Unterricht. Diese Überlegungen werden konkretisiert durch den Vorschlag eines flexiblen Modells für den Unterricht über asiatische Religionen, das die Dimensionen der Axiologie, Epistemologie, Lehre und des Lernens in den Blick nimmt. Theoretische Diskussionen zur Fundierung des Modells und praktische Hinweise werden vorgestellt.
Decomposition of magnetic coupling in µ-oxo-bridged metal complexes
Authors: Krampe Justin , Krewald Vera
Published: February 2025

Magnetic coupling is a fundamental property of multinuclear transition metal complexes with implications for magnetic applications and potentially even catalysis. It has long been established that both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components contribute to the overall magnetic coupling. We herein propose a methodology that can disentangle these contributions even for complexes with multiple magnetic coupling paths. To this end, we employ foundational equations by R. Hoffmann, O. Kahn and B. Briat in a multicomponent fitting procedure applied to CASSCF and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations. For a series of [M2(µ-O)(NH3 )n]2+ complexes with iron, nickel and copper, our method reveals that σ paths contribute twice as much antiferromagnetic coupling as π paths, and that δ paths have no quantitative effect on the overall coupling strength. The ferromagnetic contribution varies little within the series. We discuss technical limitations of the CASSCF/NEVPT2 results related to missing excitation, polarisation and dynamical correlation effects and propose that modifications of the underlying fitting equations will lead to quantitative results for realistic complexes.
Molecular-Level Mechanistic Insights into PETase-Catalyzed Plastics Hydrolysis from Accurate QM/MM Free Energy Calculations
Authors: BERSELLI ALESSANDRO , Menziani Maria Cristina , Piccini GiovanniMaria , Muniz-Miranda Francesco
Published: February 2025

The enzyme PETase is capable of depolymerizing plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at moderate temperatures and demonstrated even higher activity towards polyethylene -2,5- furan dicarboxylate (PEF), opening promising routes for the sustainable upcycling of plastic wastes. To fully exploit the potential of these biocatalytic systems, an atomistically detailed mechanistic understanding of their activity is pivotal. To this end, this study sheds light on two fundamental stages of the catalytic cycle of PET and PEF hydrolysis by PETase—acylation and deacylation—using hybrid QM/MM enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to capture all relevant dynamic effects. Well-tempered metadynamics simulations at the DFTB3 level are performed along collective variables optimized via linear discriminant analysis, a supervised learning-assisted approach that accounts for the contributions of each potentially relevant degree of freedom. The free energy (FE) profiles indicate that the acylation stage is the rate-limiting step for both PET and PEF degradation, with barriers ≈ 8 kcal/mol and ≈ 4 kcal/mol higher than those obtained for the deacylation step, respectively. Remarkably, substantial mechanistic differences are found. While PET acylation occurs in a concerted manner, with a single energy barrier of ≈ 21 kcal/mol, PEF acylation follows a two-step mechanism where after the first barrier, ≈ 10 kcal/mol high, a metastable intermediate state is formed, which then evolves towards the product once a second barrier of ≈ 2 kcal/mol is overcome. This mechanistic description is consistent with the FE profiles obtained at higher levels of theory (PBE, B3LYP, RI-MP2) via FE perturbation, thus validating the key insights elucidated by metadynamics simulations. Finally, both global and local reactivity descriptors derived from conceptual density functional theory (DFT) suggest that PEF is more electrophilic and susceptible to nucleophilic attack than PET. The results obtained by means of the robust computational protocol adopted here offer for the first time thermodynamic and mechanistic insights into PET and PEF hydrolysis by PETase at the molecular level. This work elucidates the experimentally observed enhanced activity of this enzyme toward PEF, paving the way for further exploration of biocatalytic plastic recycling.
FORECASTING OF POTATO YIELD ESTIMATION BY SATELLITE BASED REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mukhlesur , Islam Mohammad Amirul , Mahboob Md. Golam , Mohammad Nur , Ahmed Istiak
Published: February 2025

The goal of this research was to provide an operational technique with adequate technological components for monitoring and forecasting potato yield in Bangladesh. In the farmers’ fields of Shibganj upazila, the developed system investigates the combined use of satellite remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The goal of the study was to construct a remotely sensed yield prediction model that used the high spatial resolution of Sentinel 2A and Landsat 8 satellite images to forecast potato yield one month ahead of harvest. Sentinel 2A (MSI) and Landsat 8 (OLI) satellite images with high spatial resolution data of 10m and 30m, respectively, were assessed, and 10-day and 16-day NDVI data were collected from these two satellites in this research. The study locations for the three potato growing seasons of 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021 were selected upazila. Sentinel 2A (MSI) and Landsat 8 (OLI) satellite data were used to get the NDVI values and yields for 20 farmers’ potato fields at Shibganj, Bogura district. The predicted percentages of the mean yield gap (or underestimation) for Sentinel 2A were 8.58%, while for Landsat 8, these were 9.56%, respectively, at Shibganj upazila, Bogura, during the potato growing season 2020–2021. The findings demonstrated that there is a substantial co-efficient of determination (R2 = 0.93 and 0.78) between remotely sensed NDVI and field-level potato yield. Therefore, remotely sensed NDVI data may be a useful tool for making early predictions about the yield of potatoes. Error of mean yield (%) of Sentinel 2A was better than Landsat 8 at Shibganj upazila, Bogura during the potato growing season 2020-2021.
DESIGN OF A PROPERTY PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM USING ASSOCIATION RULE METHOD BASED ON USER INTERACTION PATTERNS
Authors: Purtiningruma Susi Wagiyati , Chandrab Yudi Irawan , Gustinaa Dian , Yuliania Nafisah , Nurzamana Fahrul , Z.A Jhonny , Wismoa Agus
Published: February 2025

This work creates an association rule-based real estate product recommendation system. Personalizing property suggestions based on user behavior optimises property searches. Data-driven insights enhance dynamic property market user experience. Association rules alter property advice. Data-driven insights and adaptability improve property search by proposing homes depending on user engagement patterns. Strong algorithms establish location, budget, and property associations, and association rule technology and user interaction patterns increase property recommendations. Personalized property discovery uses accurate and adaptive suggestions from continuous learning. Results reveal that user interaction pattern-based association rule techniques improve property suggestion accuracy and personalization. The system’s tailored advice improves property market decisions, confirming its usefulness and adaptability. Insufficient user data might distort suggestions, especially for specific interests. Not enough user diversity can lower system accuracy. User data and privacy must be secured to optimize the recommendation system. Association rule and user engagement patterns can transform property recommendations. This innovative technique can improve property searches, provide personalized ideas, and help consumers make informed decisions in a competitive market.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE IN BAITADI DISTRICT
Authors: Dawadi Prava , Pant Janak
Published: February 2025

The present research study entitled “Opportunities and Challenges of Climate Smart Agriculture in Baitadi District” was carried out at Dasrathchand municipality of Baitadi district of Nepal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the challenges of climate smart farming and analyze the opportunities of climate smart agriculture in study areaBoth Primary and secondary data was used in this study to make the study qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative method was used as the sample size was selected through simple random sampling method. Such survey method includes close ended questions and rigid Multiple-Choice Questions as well . Primary data was collected through Semi Structured Questionnaire, Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) from farmers, Agriculture Knowledge Center (AKC), municipality, and NGOs working for climate change. The semi structured questionnaire was prepared intending to gather information about the status, challenges, and opportunities of climate smart agriculture in the district. Key informant Interview was carried out through the individual stakeholders like Agriculture Officer of AKC, Agriculture Graduate Officer of agriculture department/municipality, coordinator of NGO, and thus separate checklist was developed to conduct Key Informant Interview. Probable samples are unintentionally and randomly selected within the study population. Twenty percent i.e., sixty samples selected out of three hundred population of the catchment area. From the study it was clear that large opportunities could be obtained if awareness of climate smart technologies and practices can be extended and strengthened in the communities that has ultimate positive implication on environment and livelihood
BIOCHAR FOR SOIL HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH
Authors: Gyawali Aashish
Published: February 2025

Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of organic materials, a process that involves heating biomass in the absence of oxygen. Acting like a sponge, biochar enriches the soil with nutrients, enhances water retention, and promotes microbial activity. Its unique properties, such as high porosity and nutrient retention capacity, improve soil structure and boost plant growth, thereby increasing agricultural productivity. Biochar is a potentially valuable soil amendment that enhances soil aggregation, porosity, bulk density, various hydrological parameters, soil organic carbon, pH, and more. It offers a promising solution to two of today’s most pressing challenges: soil degradation and climate change. This review provides an overview of biochar production methods, including both conventional and modern techniques, and examines the kinetics of biochar production, which helps optimize the pyrolysis process. Additionally, it explores the effects of biochar amendments on the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soil. The review also highlights the importance of biochar in climate change mitigation, its impact on plant physiology, and its role in addressing various biotic and abiotic stresses, demonstrating how biochar can contribute to sustainable agriculture. Despite these benefits, the economic feasibility and attractiveness of biochar remain uncertain, as they are influenced by factors such as geographical context, production capacity, feedstock availability, and market prices. Nonetheless, biochar technologies hold significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, remediating contaminated soils, and supporting carbon sequestration, all of which could benefit greatly from its application.
WOMEN AS ECOFEMINIST LEADERS: TRANSFORMING FOREST MANAGEMENT AND EMPOWERMENT IN WEST BENGAL
Authors: Baidya Patatri
Published: February 2025

This study, grounded in ecofeminism, explores the intersection of women’s empowerment and forest conservation within women-led Forest Protection Committees (FPCs) in West Bengal. It highlights how women’s leadership in Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) challenges patriarchal power structures and enhances sustainable conservation efforts. By incorporating traditional ecological knowledge, women not only improve forest management practices but also gain increased social standing, economic independence, and decision-making power. The findings offer actionable insights into the links between gender equality and environmental governance, with relevance for policymakers in the Global South.
PREDICTING THE ADOPTION OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE PRACTICES BASED ON HOUSEHOLD SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS; AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK ANALYSIS IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Gitonga Kaua Caxton
Published: February 2025

Although there has been growing interest and a pressing need to adopt climate-smart agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, the adoption of climate-smart agriculture in Africa is still low, especially among small-scale farmers. This is due to the existence of various barriers that are poorly understood and the fact that actions and policies aimed at addressing them are largely inadequate. Understanding the key factors influencing farmers’ adoption decisions is thus key to enhancing the adoption of climate-smart agriculture. However, there are limited studies that identify the key factors that affect the adoption of climate-smart agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study thus aimed to identify the key factors that constrain or enable the adoption of climate-smart agriculture. The study used artificial neural networks analysis to predict the variables that influence the adoption of climate-smart agriculture and the level of importance of their influence. The analysis found that off-farm income was the most important factor in the adoption of climate-smart agriculture with a weight of 0.17 normalized at 100%, among the other factors. The study findings will help target and develop effective policies and actions for promoting the adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices.
Bentuk, Makna dan Fungsi Aksara Bilangan dalam Penaggalan Kalender Hatuhaha di Pelauw Maluku (Kajian Semiotika)
Authors: Latuconsina Susi Hardila
Published: February 2025

The diversity of calendar characters in the Indonesian Muslim community is very close to the entry of Islam to the archipelago. This assumption is clearly based on the condition in which the community is still very strong in maintaining the customs and traditions related to the religious and Sufistic patterns of the tarekat. The problem being studied is how the form, meaning and function of the calendar calendar used in religious traditions in Pelauw. The purpose of this research is to describe the form, meaning, and function of the calendar calendar in Pelauw. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, field notes and documentation. Based on the research results it was found that the Takwin Jum'atiyah number used Hisab Urfi. The first year in the Hijriyah Hatuhaha calendar is the year Alif 1 where 1 Muharram falls on a Friday so it is called Bilangan Jum'atiyah. Implementation of the Calendar Calendar related to religious traditions and rituals in Pelauw, the Ma'atenu [cakalel dance, Aroha [celebration of the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and Ma'amara Tenuno.
PERAN THETA ARGUMEN SUBJEK PADA KONSTRUKSI PASIF VERBA-VERBA DITRANSITIVE BAHASA
INGGRIS
Authors: Laili Elisa Nurul , Herwiana Sakhi , Wibowo Hanafi
Published: February 2025

Abstract English is an established language. Beside, It is undeniable, the
stability of English is reflected in its systematic grammar, productivity, and the
development of new words that continue to grow. However, it turns out that for verbs.
Not all experience significant dynamics and changes. This article aims to describe the
passive construction of DV in English. Structures containing DV are often combinations
or constructions consisting of a ditransitive verb + indirect object (IO) + direct
object (DO). The method used for this research is descriptive qualitative. The data
collection method used in this study is the referential method. The analytical method
used is the Agih method. The analysis of theta roles finds four differences between
subjects’ functions for DV: the patient, beneficiary, experiencer, and goal. There are
three arguments in active sentences containing DV, namely NP 1 (subjects), NP 2
(indirect object) and NP 3 (direct object). There are three arguments in passive
sentences containing DV, but there are differences in NP 1 (subject), NP 2 (object), PP
(oblique). Keywords: theta roles, subject argument, passive construction, ditransitive
verbs.   Abstrak Bahasa Inggris termasuk sebuah bahasa yang sudah mapan. Tak dapat
dimungkiri, kemapanan bahasa Inggris tercermin dari tata bahasanya yang tersistem dan
produktivitas dan perkembangan kata-kata baru yang terus bertambah. Meskipun demikian,
ternyata untuk verba, tidak semua mengalami dinamika dan perubahan yang berarti. Artikel
ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konstruksi pasif VD pada bahasa Inggris. Struktur
yang mengandung VD sering berupa kombinasi atau konstruksi yang terdiri atas verba
ditransitive + objek tidak langsung (IO) + objek langsung (DO). Metode yang digunakan
untuk penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang
digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak. Metode analisis yang digunakan
adalah Metode Agih. Analisis peran theta, menemukan 4 perbedaan peran subjek untuk VD,
yaitu peran sebagai patient, benefactive, experiencer, dan goal. Adapun argumen dalam
kalimat aktif yang mengandung VD ada 3, yaitu NP 1 (subject), NP 2 (indirect object) dan
NP 3 (direct object). Argumen dalam kalimat pasif yang mengandung VD juga ada 3, namun
terdapat perbedaan NP 1 (subject), NP 2 (object), PP (oblique). Kata-kata kunci: peran
theta, argumen subjek, konstruksi pasif, kata kerja ditransitive
ONOMASTIKA DI NEGERI HATALAI, KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN, KOTA AMBON
Authors: Alfons Widya Sendy
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Folkloreinthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymoveswidely.Itsmovementofcanusuallyadd a
wealth ofcultural treasures and show more diversity. However, maintaining history as an
integral part of folklore is also very important. One way to preserve the late culture
can be through onomastic studies. In this research, the theory of onomastic figures out
the original name of places in Negeri Hatalai,South Leitimur District, Ambon City. This
research aims to find information about the inaugural name of places (complexes), soa
names, spring names, and street names in Negeri Hatalai. Based on the fact that these
histories have begun to be forgottenand are not even well documented. This research is
aqualitative. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data used are the results
of an onomastic study, including the name of places (area of residences), soa names,
spring names, and street names through several data collection techniques,such
asobservation, interviews, field notes, and documentation. The results of this study are
the original of 4 soa name, 20 names of places (area of residence), five springs, and
three names of streets Keywords: Folklore, Oral Tradition, Onomastic, toponymy,
anthroponymy   Abstrak Folklor dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi banyak
bergerak dengan leluasa. Pergerakan folklor biasanya dapat menambah khazanah budaya
menjadi semakin kaya dan beragam. Namun, menjaga sejarah sebagai bagian yang tidak
terpisahkan dari folklor juga sangat penting. Salah satu cara merawat budaya masa lalu
dapat melalui kajian onomastika. Pada penelitian ini, kajian onomastika digunakan untuk
mengetahui asal usul nama tempat di Negeri Hatalai, Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan, Kota
Ambon. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali informasi tentang asal usul nama tempat
(kompleks), nama soa, nama mata air, dan nama jalan di Negeri Hatalai. Hal ini didasari
fakta bahwa sejarah-sejarah tersebut sudah mulai terlupakan bahkan tidak
terdokumentasikan dengan baik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode
yang digunakan ialah deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan
analisis, meliputi teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu observasi, wawancara, catatan
lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah asal-usul 4 nama soa, 20 nama
tempat (komples), 5 nama mata air, dan 3 nama jalan.Kata-kata kunci: Folklor, Tradisi
Lisan, Onomastiska, Toponimi, Antroponimi
An inventory of invasive alien species in Anuvavi Hills, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jamuna M  , Abdul Kaffoor H  , Arunkumar R
Published: February 2025

Invasive alien species pose a significant threat to global biodiversity and ecological balance. This study aimed to document and assess invasive alien species' diversity, distribution, and potential impacts in Anuvavi Hills, Coimbatore district, India. Extensive field surveys were conducted within Anuvavi Hills from August 2023 to February 2024 to record invasive alien species. The collected specimens were identified, classified, and grouped based on their life forms and families. A total of 68 invasive alien species belonging to 29 families and 57 genera were documented. Dicotyledons were dominant, with 64 species, while monocotyledons comprised 4 species. The Asteraceae family had the highest species richness, followed by Amaranthaceae, Tiliaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Cleomaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, and Mimosaceae. Herbs constituted the majority of life forms, followed by shrubs, climbers, and trees. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on invasive alien species in India. The findings suggest that Anuvavi Hills harbors a diverse array of invasive alien species, highlighting the need for effective management strategies to mitigate their potential impacts on native ecosystems. The documented species have various uses in traditional medicine, ornamental gardening, and fodder, but some may also pose threats to human health and biodiversity.
The Interconnection Between Empathy and the Quality of Marital Relations with Different Length of Marriage
Authors: Pavlenko Valentyna , Krasnikova Krystyna
Published: February 2025

The article explores the findings of a study on the connection between empathy and the quality of marital relations in couples married for less than two years and those with over five years of marital experience. The results indicate that both younger and more experienced couples demonstrate a high level of empathy components. Empathy plays an essential role in the quality of marital relationships, but its impact is ambiguous. In younger couples, a high level of empathy is connected with a desire for emotional intimacy and a fear of losing their partner. In contrast, in couples with longer marital experience, empathy contributes to stability and trust but reduces the pursuit of autonomy. Women in the initial stages of relationships tend to experience a stronger emotional bond, yet their satisfaction with the relationships decreases over time, whereas men’s satisfaction increases in the later stages of relationships. In younger couples, empathy is associated with a desire for support and emotional engagement, while in more experienced couples, it is connected to the ability to consider the partner's viewpoint. The research also found that a high level of empathy can either enhance or reduce marital satisfaction, depending on the length of marriage and other factors.
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: A Review of Macrophage Immunotherapies Across Cancer Types
Authors: Rohner Catherine
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Macrophage immunotherapy is a promising approach to cancer treatment, leveraging the ability to target tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs, often in an M2-like phenotype, contribute to immune evasion and tumor progression. This review synthesizes clinical trials of macrophage immunotherapy, including strategies to either deplete or reprogram M2-like TAMs to boost anti-tumor immunity.
Methods: This review systematically analyzes research conducted between January 2010 and April 2024. Literature was sourced from PubMed using terms like "macrophage cancer immunotherapy" and "tumor-associated macrophage immunotherapy." The studies reviewed include clinical trials and primary research involving TAM-targeting strategies across different cancer types.
Results: A total of 37 clinical trials were selected for this review, focusing on TAM-targeting therapies across 25 cancer types. The majority of studies examined solid tumors, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma, alongside hematological malignancies. The therapeutic strategies investigated included monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cytokine-based therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and oncolytic viruses. Notably, mAbs targeting CSF-1R showed a 45% increase in T-cell infiltration, and GM-CSF cytokine therapies successfully reprogrammed TAMs to an M1-like phenotype, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. ICIs also demonstrated encouraging results, particularly in "hot" tumors, with progression-free survival (PFS) reaching up to 36 months.
Discussion: The reviewed trials underline the potential of TAM-targeting therapies in reshaping the TME and enhancing immune activation, especially in TAM-rich tumors. mAbs targeting CSF-1R and TREM2, along with GM-CSF reprogramming, were particularly effective in reducing TAM populations and promoting T-cell activity. Despite these promising outcomes, challenges remain due to the complexity of TAM biology and cancer-specific differences. Combination therapies, such as pairing CSF-1R inhibitors with ICIs, have shown potential to enhance efficacy by addressing multiple immune suppression mechanisms in the TME.
Conclusion: TAM-targeted therapies offer a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming the TME and restoring immune surveillance. However, challenges like TAM plasticity and tumor heterogeneity remain. Future trials should focus on refining combination therapies, standardizing biomarkers for patient stratification, and using advanced profiling technologies to enhance TAM-targeted treatments and improve outcomes.
Bruno Schulz – całożyciowa pasja Jerzego Ficowskiego (próba chronologii)
Authors: Kandziora Jerzy
Published: February 2025

The essay offers a reconstruction of particular stages of Jerzy Ficowski’s (1924-2006) critical career, focusing on his research on Bruno Schulz’s biography. It is based onFicowski’s private archive, mainly his correspondence with people who knew him personally. The author describes how the process of reconstructing Schulz’s life in Ficowski’s precursorial work stimulated the growing number of the writer’s enthusiasts sharing with the biographer what they knew and remembered themselves or discovering memories of others. He presents a group of Polish Jews, most of them living abroad, for whom both Schulz and Ficowski made a unique connection between the present and their youth – either their school years in Drohobych, or Poland right after World War II. Next to the biographical foundations of Schulzology – Regions of the Great Heresy and Okolice sklepów cynamonowych [Cinnamon Shops and Their Surroundings] – the author discusses Ficowski’s editorial achievements, points at his edition of “Second Autumn” [Druga jesień], the only Schulz’s work surviving in manuscript, and demonstrates how Księga listów [The Book of Letters] was made, including some found one by one against all odds. Ficowski also initiated and followed Schulz’s reception all over the world. He was lending a hand to translators and editors, provided the latter with valuable editorial comments, and wrote footnotes to editions of Schulz’s fiction in foreign languages. Moreover, the essay includes information on the problems that Ficowski was facing while writing his own books on Schulz and then trying to find their translators and publishers in the West. Important were also the years of the gradual fall of communism (1988-1989) when he started hoping to find some manuscripts left in Ukraine, in particular Schulz’s lost novel Messiah, as well as more of letters and works of art. Unfortunately, his efforts were in vain, yet in the 1990s he contributed to various initiatives of commemorating the writer in his hometown.
Zapiski z lektury: wprowadzenie
Authors: Van Hulle Dirk , Van Mierlo Wim , Zoła Emilia
Published: February 2025

Polish translation of the introductory chapter from Dirk Van Hulle’s, Wim Van Mierlo’s, and Dirk Van Hulle’s (eds.) book Reading Notes. Rodopi: Brill 2004.
Tadeusz Różewicz czyta Brunona Schulza. Materialne ślady lektury
Authors: Danielak Julia
Published: February 2025

For many years Różewicz’s poem „W świetle lamp filujących” [In the Light of Flickering Lamps] had been considered the only trace of his reception of Bruno Schulz’s fiction. Other references to Schulz, mainly the poet’s statements, suggested that his interest in Schulz was only occasional. New information was acquired from the Ossolineum Press in reference to Różewicz’s private library. Schulz is the author of four books from the collection, and one of them Opowiadania. Wybór esejów i listów [Short Stories. Selected Essays and Letters] (2nd edition in the Biblioteka Narodowa series) bears material traces of the owner’s reading. Apart from marking and underlining, there are also verbal notes on the inner side of the cover and comments (“illustrates from newspapers”[ilustruje z gazet] and “Kafka”). An interpretation of those marginalia is the proper topic of the essay whose main point is to find out possible connections between reading the stories and writing the poem, and well as analyzing Różewicz’s reception of the volume in question.
Schulz ukryty, „Schulz” ustanawiany. Wstęp do badań fenograficznych
Authors: Rosiek Stanisław
Published: February 2025

The essay opens with a „topographic” description of Schulz Studies which next to the mainstream include also their periphery, margin, as well as nooks and crannies. Such peripheral „schulzology” has been usually underrated even though it often provided stimuli to conduct more research, ask new questions, and take up new subjects and approaches thanks to which the “schulzological” discourse can be renewed. The academic reception of Schulz also has its „tectonics” – a hidden deep dimension established by the “non-schulzological” reflection on Schulz and his work. Schulz specialists usually know nothing about this vast area of learning. Analysis of about a dozen techniques (constans, comparatum, exemplum, argumentum, infectio, assimilatio) used by today’s scholars makes it possible to determine the direction of the future search for the hidden presence of Schulz in the discourse of literary studies. The other part of the essay focuses on „phenography,” a forgotten synonym of reception studies, that could inspire a compre- hensive program of research on reception and influence, more extensive than the aes- thetics of reception initiated by Hans Robert Jauss. Phenography should deal with the acts of reception of both work and person of Schulz, his life activities and adventures of his body, as well as all texts produced “because of” Schulz. The „Schulz” established in this way, by such texts, is a being superior to Schulz’s written works and drawings, as well as the “textum” of his life. This position is paradoxical, since such “Schulz” already exists (as a given created by all statements referring to him) and comes into being under our eyes (sometimes because of us) thanks to more and more texts and artifacts that take him into consideration. It does not exist just by itself and requires cooperation that reaches beyond mere perception. It does not emerge in the acts of perception but is es- tablished through them, by all the acts of reception which achieve an ontological (in particular communicative) autonomy. Only then „Schulz” can be recognized as a phenomenon, as that “Schulz” whom we can confront on an everyday basis.
Dokumentacja studencka Brunona Schulza
Authors: Gościniak Eliza
Published: February 2025

The first part of the article focuses on the student documentation of Bruno Schulz (birth certificates which were certified copies and student id application forms) found in the Internet catalog of the State Archive of the Lviv Region (DALO). The second part deals with Schulz’s student record (the courses that he took and the grades that he received), being an incomplete reconstruction of the events from 1910-1914 and 1920. Finally, the third part is a comparative analysis of the samples of Schulz’s handwriting from his student years’ documents and some later ones: certified copies of the original certificates of the 1st state examinations passed in 1924 and 1929. The text has been supplemented with a s ort postscript referring to the student documentation of Bruno Schulz’s brother Izydor.
Rationale for the design and workflow diagram of a pontoon pump for homogenization and pumping of liquid organic fertilizers from manure lagoons
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Kirov Yu.A.  ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

Liquid manure effluents of pig farms can be used as fertilizers after some treatment. In order to substantiate the design and technologicalscheme of the pontoon pump for homogenization and pumping of liquid organic fertilizers from manure lagoons and reservoirs, the authors analyzed scientific, technical and special literature, as well as carried out patent research of relevant methods and devices. The developed technologicalscheme of a pontoon pump represents three main stages: grinding and mixing in the dismembrator, pumping and transportation by the screw part of the pump to the discharge chamber, feeding into the pressure line by the vane part of the pontoon pump. According to the method of multifactor experiment planning, the parameters having the greatest influence on the pumping of liquid organic fertilizers have been determined: the diameter of the auger conveyer casing, the length of the auger conveyer, and the shaft speed. The paper provides a rationale for a design and workflow diagram of the pontoon pump with a dismembrator. This working element crushes and mixes coarse-dispersed mass (liquid organic fertilizers), and thus increases the efficiency of their homogenization and pumping from the manure lagoons of livestock facilities. The main working element of the pumping part isthe auger conveyer, which is a shaft with a three-round spiral coiled on it. Search experiments were carried out in production conditions of treatment facilities of the “Kirovsky’ pig farm designed for 30 thousand pigs kept litter-free. The conducted researches determined the effective design and technologicalscheme of the pontoon pump used for homogenization and pumping of liquid organic fertilizersfrom manure lagoons. Based on the results, we calculated its main operating parameters and built the pressure-flow characteristic of the proposed design of a pontoon pump prototype.
Application of digital twins of technological farm machines during their operation and maintenance
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Zhizdyuk A.A.  ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: February 2025

The digital twin of a technological machine can significantly improve the efficiency of operation and service of farm machinery. The authors carried out theoretical studies to identify the effectiveness of using digital twins in terms of the technical condition of agricultural machinery. The article considers a possibility of using digital twins of technological machines during their operation and maintenance to automate repair inspections, digitize engineering information on maintenance and repair, minimize equipment downtime, and ensure quality control and the safety of operation. The authors present a functional dependency formula of the efficiency of using digital twins in operation and maintenance. It is established that reasonable decisions on maintenance and repair of equipment can be made only in case of digital twin modeling of various full and partial failures, taking into account operation modes, environmental impact and the wear intensity of parts. Therefore, the authors proposed to install RFID tags and monitoring terminals based on GPS, ISOBUS and modern software. They can analyze in real time information on the compliance of the process indicators to the specified parameters, and give instructions and control actions to the machine operator to correct the operation of tractors, working tools of implements, and units. Studies have shown the effectiveness of using digital twins of agricultural machinery as they can reduce costs for maintenance, elimination of failures, and unplanned downtime, as well as increase productivity.