bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Psychological Stress Experienced by COVID Warriors during COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors:   Joint Director, Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), DGHS, MoHFW, Delhi, India, Sharma Rinku
Published: February 2022

Introduction: In the fight against COVID-19, doctors, nurses, administrative staff, police personnel and other supporting staff have been in the frontline providing emergency services. While performing their duties, they are at risk of getting infections and transmitting them to their near and dear ones. This can lead to increased psychological stress levels among them. This study was conducted to assess the level of stress among health care workers and police personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Delhi. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study among the COVID-19 warriors working in designated COVID-19 hospitals using Google forms. The relationship between various social, demographic, and administrative factors and the level of stress experienced by the study subjects was assessed using Perceptive Stress Scale (PSS-10). Results: The results describe heightened severity of perception of stress among the study cohort. We found at least 10 risk factors that showed statistically significant association with increased TPSS in the studied cohort group. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for screening, proper diagnosis, and management of psychiatric issues among FLCWs, and for expanding mental health services for reducing stress among the target population.
Spatiotemporal Distribution and Trend Analysis of Waterborne Diseases in Kalahandi District of Odisha, India
Authors:   Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India., Sahu Netrananda
Published: February 2022

Background: For several decades, the Kalahandi district of Odisha, India has been designated as a place of poverty, disease, starvation and death. The occurrence and resurgence of water-borne diseases in Kalahandi is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the district. Material and Method: Data on incidences of Acute Diarrhoeal Disease (ADD) and typhoid were collected from the District Health Office, Kalahandi, Odisha, for the annual incidence from 2015 to 2018. The study uses descriptive epidemiological method to analyse the spatiotemporal trend of two major waterborne diseases, ADD and typhoid that are predominantly found in the blocks of the district. The growth rate of these diseases has also been calculated to examine the growth of cases in each block. Result: We have found that the distribution of both diseases is highly uneven at the block level. Diarrhoea is found to be prevalent in all the blocks whereas typhoid is concentrated in a few blocks only. Spatially we found that the blocks lying in the central zone of the district are the hotspots for diarrhoea. Typhoid is highly dominant in the district headquarter Bhawanipatna and northern block Madanpur Rampur. The result also reveals that the cases of diarrhoea are declining and typhoid is increasing in the blocks. Conclusion: There are several underlying causes for the uneven distribution of these diseases, like undernutrition of children, contamination of water, overexploitation of groundwater, low percentages of villages covered with rural drinking water, and poor health infrastructure prevailing in the district.
A Complete Time-Dependent Carrier-borne Epidemic Model
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Delhi University, New Delhi, India, Yadav Chandra Bhan
Published: February 2022

A complete time-dependent carrier-borne epidemic model in the presence of more than one carrier is developed in this article. Also, the probability of survival of susceptibles for a random infectious time period is derived. Moreover, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of relative infection rate is obtained which is found to be more efficient than the one obtained by Roy Sunders & Richard J Kryscio in 1976. The proposed complete time-dependent carrier-borne epidemic model gives a better explanation than the stochastic model suggested by Wiess in 1965.
Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance and Exploring the Presence of Virus in Field Populations of Culex gelidus at Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India, Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The introduction of potent synthetic insecticides into public health programmes has since beginning posed the challenge of development of resistance among the insect vectors against the insecticides. Culex (Cx.) gelidus is one of the vectors of JE which is abundantly found in southern India. Its breeding habitats are similar to the vishnui subgroup of Culex mosquitoes, the major vectors for transmission of JE. The present study was aimed to assess the susceptibility status of adult Culex (Cx.) gelidus, to insecticides, namely DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), Deltamethrin, and Malathion. Method: The field-collected mosquito larvae from ten villages of Thiruvarur district from December 2018 to May 2019 were reared in the laboratory until F1 generation and the emerged adults identified as Cx. gelidus were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers supplied through World Health Organization (WHO). The adult susceptibility tests were carried out as per the protocol of WHO. Further, an attempt was made to check the presence of JE virus in Cx. gelidus and the virus detection was done by RT-PCR. Results: The results indicated that the adult Cx. gelidus populations were susceptible to DDT, whereas they were resistant to Malathion and Deltamethrin. The possible reason of DDT susceptibility may be that DDT has not been used in Tamil Nadu since the year 1980 (about 40 years). Conclusion: JE virus was not detected in the tested mosquitoes. The study suggests that insecticide resistance monitoring from time to time is required to facilitate vector control programmes in focusing on appropriate vector control measures.
Epidermoid Cyst - A Clinical Case Report
Authors:   Assistant Professor cum CMO, Department of Community Medicine, CMC, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, Lal Dhruvendra
Published: February 2022

Epidermoid cysts are generally avascular intradermal or subcutaneous masses that can commonly occur anywhere in the body but are specifically seen on the face, neck, and trunk and range from 1-4 cm in size. These can be asymptomatic. This is a clinical case of a 26-year-old female patient who presented with a large, slow-growing mass in her right gluteal region. Ultrasound was performed as an investigation which revealed a large oval avascular cystic mass in her right gluteal region which later was excised and sent for pathological investigation that revealed an epidermoid cyst measuring 2.8 x 1.5 cm.
Marital Satisfaction and Marital Coping Style adopted by Working and Non-working Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Outpatient Department in Sikkim
Authors:   Associate Professor, Sikkim Manipal College of Nursing, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India, Devi Barkha
Published: February 2022

Background & Aim: Being healthy in the period of pregnancy is crucial for women in the workplace. So it is important to pay attention to the safety and health of working pregnant women there. Marital satisfaction is one of the main characteristics of psychological health and one of the factors which can affect it, is occupation. The aim of this study was to compare marital satisfaction and marital coping style between working and non-working pregnant women. Material & Method: This is a descriptive comparative study with a sample size of 240 working and non-working pregnant women selected through purposive sampling technique and attending antenatal outpatient departments of government and private hospitals. Data were collected through Enrich marital satisfaction scale and Bowman marital coping inventory. Results: The marital satisfaction for working pregnant women was 165.1317.49 (government hospital) and 173.03 whereas for non-working it was 164.3815.91 and 169.7613 in government and private hospitals and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences were noted among the working and non-working pregnant women in terms of adopting coping style in the government hospital (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study show that working had positive effects on marital satisfaction and the decline in marital satisfaction of pregnant non-working women is due to low educational qualification of self and spouse and low family monthly income. Thus, marital counselling, as an important part of prenatal care, would be an effective step to enhance the mental health of pregnant women, and is hence recommended.
Impact of rural transportation networks on farmers’ income in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olagunju Oluwatoyin
Published: February 2022

This study examined how the nature of rural transportation networks affects the income of local farmers. The study involved arable crop farmers in the Ilaje local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured interview was used to gather information from a total of 120 farmers in rural communities across the local government using a two-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that farmers’ poor nature of transportation networks has a negative impact on their income. Gender (χ
2 = 6.472) and marital status (χ
2 = 9.745) positively influenced income generated by farmers at p < 0.05. Additionally, there was a moderate and significant correlation between transportation systems used (r = 0.705, p < 0.05), the perceived impact of rural transport (r = 0.267, p < 0.05), and the farmers’ income on agricultural activities. The results have shown that the serious constraints faced by the farmers are high cost of transportation which has a great influence on their generated income. The study allows to conclude that the nature of transportation networks available in the communities under study has a significant impact on the level of income to be realised by farmers. The construction, development, and provision of more rural transport networks would not only boost the standard of living and reduce transport costs of the rural poor but could also be a solution for the prolonged deplorable and worsening situation of rural roads in the country.
Some Mechanical Properties of Arboblend V2
Authors: Văideanu Dorin , Petrescu Tudor-Cristian
Published: February 2022

The Arboblend V2 biopolymer composite with a matrix based on lignin behaves like a synthetic thermo-injectable polymer, so its use in various sectors does not involve additional costs for obtaining various objects, landmarks using installations injection, extrusion being used in case of synthetic polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. Compared to plastics obtained from finite sources (oil, natural gas etc.) this material has several specific properties that make it a viable replacement of plastics: it is obtained from renewable raw materials, it is biodegradable in various conditions and, if reinforced with other substances (e.g. Kevlar 3%), becomes fireproof. Through the current paper, we determined the behavior of Arboblend V2 as a force of traction and a force shock. The results will lead to finding the best solutions for using Arboblend V2 and its specific properties that sets it apart from other materials.
Effects of work requirements for food assistance eligibility on disability claiming
Authors: Stith Sarah S.
Published: February 2022

Between 2010 and 2017, 42 U.S. states added work requirements as a food assistance eligibility criterion for Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents (ABAWDs). Another U.S. public assistance program, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), provides food assistance without a work requirement, along with cash transfers and health insurance. Therefore, individuals for whom working is difficult may be induced to opt out of the labor force and into SSI in order to maintain access to food assistance. This study is the first to examine whether work requirements associated with food assistance eligibility lead to an increase in SSI applications and receipts. Based on difference-in-differences and event study analyses of comprehensive administrative claims data from the Social Security Administration and survey data from the Current Population Survey, this study finds evidence of lagged effects on SSI applications overall, and reduced Supplementary Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) receipts followed by a delayed smaller increase in SSI receipts among individuals with self-reported disabilities. While most SSI applications induced by SNAP-related work requirements appear to be unsuccessful, a small, vulnerable population may move out of the workforce and into SSI in response to the implementation of work requirements.
Numerical Modelling Of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (Gfrp) Tube Subjected To Torsion
Authors: Syamsir Agusril , Binti Mohd Hafiz Nurul ‘Amira
Published: February 2022

Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) tubes have been used widely as cross arm of electric transmission towers to replaced old wooden cross arms. Cross arm is a part of transmission tower which is required to support conductors or electrical cables. Due to nature of assembly of these GFRP tubes, it will induce torsional force to the individual GFRP tubes of cross arm. The importance of torsional effect to the cross arm has encouraged researcher to study on torsional strength of the single tube itself in order to support a complete set cross arm. In this paper, the performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes under statically torsional loads was studied numerically. The specimens’ ultimate twisting angle and strain were studied through tests for validation of the numerical model. Explicit solver of ANSYS was chosen and simulation results matched experiment results well with 4 % different. There are six model were simulated and analyzed in this research. It is concluded that model 4 shown the highest ultimate strains as well as twisting angle while model 3 has the lowest ultimate strains and twisting angle. The presence of fiber orientation of 90o in model 4 has contributed to the torsional capacity of the tubes.
Leaf and fruit characteristics of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth according to agro climatic zones and land use in Southern Mali
Authors: Kelly Bokary Allaye , Kouyaté Amadou Malé , Dembélé Sidiki Gabriel
Published: February 2022

A study was conducted in southern Mali to characterized Parkia biglobosa populations in the aim to contribute to the domestication of the species. Fields and fallows in the north sudanian, south sudanian and north guinean zones were concerned. Adult trees were marked in plots of 0.25 ha each and leaves and fruits were harvested from each tree for characterization. Petiole and laminar length, number of pairs of pinnae and leaflets, pedicel and pod length, pod wide, pod and seed weight, number of seed per pod were measured. The north guinean zone showed the highest number of pairs of pinnae and leaflets, the longest pods (23.06±9.91 cm in the fields), the highest mean seed weight (3.74±0.96 g in the fields) and the highest mean number of seeds per pod (17 ± 3 seeds in the fields). The South Sudanian zone showed the longest pedicels (3.85±1.08 cm in the fallows), the highest mean laminar length (18.02 cm) and mean petiole length (6.45 cm) in the fields but the same mean number of seeds per pod as for the north Guinean. The north Sudanian zone showed the widest (17.88±7.98 cm in the fields and 18.24±2.11 cm in the fallows) and heaviest (14.87±3.95 g in the fallows) pods. Leaf variables like the number of pairs of pinnae and leaflets seem to be influenced by the climatic gradient. The others leaf, pod and seed variables seem not to be influenced by the climatic gradient. These findings suggest that many leaf and fruit variables are controlled by endogenous factor that could be genetic. However, the manifestation of the endogenous factor seems to be influenced by factors such as environment and management practices.
Pandemi (Covid-19) Döneminde, Kariyer Tatmini, Kariyer Platosu, Örgütsel Bağlılık ve İşe Yabancılaşma Değişkenlerinin Etkileşimi: Akademisyenler Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması
Authors: TAŞLIYAN Mustafa , OZYASAR Kevser , GÖKYAR Ayşe
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren kamu üniversitelerinde görev yapan akademisyenlerin kariyer tatmini, kariyer platosu, örgütsel bağlılık ve işe yabancılaşma değişkenlerinin etkileşiminin ve pandemi döneminin bu değişkenler üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kahramanmaraş Sütçü imam üniversitesi ve Elâzığ Fırat üniversitesinde görev alan 142 akademisyen oluşturmaktadır. Veriler yüz yüze toplanmış olup, SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda akademisyenlerde işe yabancılaşmanın azaltılması ile örgütsel bağlılıklarının ve kariyer tatminlerinin artırılabileceği, kariyer platosu algılarının azaltılabileceği, ayrıca kariyer platosu algısının önlenmesi ya da azaltılması ile de yine kariyer tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılıklarının artırılabileceği görülmüştür. Akademisyenlerin kariyer tatminleri arttığında, örgütsel bağlılıklarının da artırılabileceğini söyleyebiliriz. Bu anlamda gerekli adımların atılması, iyileştirmelerin yapılması açısından çalışmanın bir örnek teşkil edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Overpressure Modelling in High Pressure, High Temperature HP/HT Reservoirs: A Case Study Using Wells and Seismic from Field in Niger Delta
Authors: Alabere Abdulquadri O. , Sen Souvik , Agbasi Okechukwu E. , Akangbe Olayemi K. , Ibrahim Tahiru T.
Published: February 2022

Exploration onshore Niger Delta is moving into deeper HP/HT plays where pore pressure prediction is challenging due to secondary overpressure mechanisms and lack of data for calibration. Accurate pore pressure prediction is required to ensure safe and economic drilling campaign. This study aims at finding acceptable parameters and building models for predicting pore pressure where secondary overpressure mechanisms are observed in addition to undercompaction. Well logs and 3D seismic data were used to understand the evolution of pore pressure in the field. This was established from offset well data by making cross-plots of acoustic velocity versus density, temperature vs depth, geothermal gradient computation, computation of normal compaction trends, overburden gradients, shale pore pressure and fracture gradients. Then cube models were built for the field. Post-drilling pore pressure and fracture gradient estimation of eleven offset wells were done using Eaton's and Matthews & Kelly's methods respectively. Velocity analysis results from 3D seismic data were then used to predict 1D pore pressure models at six selected prospect locations. Analyses reveal depths shallower than 3800m TVD/MSL with geothermal gradient 3.0°C/100m and pressure gradient less than 1.50sg EMW are affected mainly by undercompaction and depths greater than 3800m TVD/MSL with geothermal gradient of 4.1°C/10m and pressure gradients reaching 1.82sg – 2.12sg EMW are affected by unloading. A general regression in pore pressure between 2000 – 3600m TVD/MSL interval were due to depletion by ongoing production from the developed reservoirs. The results of pore pressure modeling reveal a narrow drilling margin for the HP/HT prospect intervals.
Enhancing Slurry Pumping Efficiency, Improving Cement Coverage, and Ensuring Zonal Isolation with Temperature-Triggered Anti-Settling Technology
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Matthews Dominique , Craig Steve , Martanto Roni , Ong Dominic , Edgar David
Published: February 2022

A stable cement slurry is critical to the success of a cementing job, from cement placement to long-term zonal isolation. Conventional anti-settling (AS) additives, such as clays and polysaccharides, are commonly applied to improve cement slurry stability, but they are only effective for low-to-mid temperature applications (up to 260°F) due to high temperature thermal thinning effects or thermal degradation. To compensate for such thermal thinning or thermal degradation effects, higher doses of AS additives are often applied, which inadvertently increase slurry placement difficulty with minimal improvement to slurry stability.

This paper presents the performance of a novel, thermally activated, free-flowing, and easy-to-use temperature-triggered anti-settling (TTAS) agent that can help reduce the overall AS additive usage, prevent solids settling, and mitigate the formation of free fluid at 200-350°F or higher while having minimal effect on slurry rheology prior to activation.

The performance of this novel TTAS agent was evaluated against conventional AS additives, including bentonite clay, diutan gum, and a commercial AS product in 16-lbm/gal and 18-lbm/gal Class H cement slurries. Static sedimentation (SS) and dynamic sedimentation (DS) tests revealed that the conventional AS agent-containing slurries exhibited mixability concerns, noticeable settling at downhole condition and gelation tendency. By contrast, the TTAS agent-containing slurries exhibited good mixability, no adverse effect on rheology at 80°F, and improved slurry stability, evidenced by less than ½ inch cone height and less than 1-lbm/gal differential density (Δρ) in dynamic sedimentation test using as low as 0.3% bwoc dosage.
Improving Heavy Oil Production Using Viscosity Reducers
Authors: Han Ming , Chen Shaohua , Wang Jinxun , AlSofi Abdulkareem
Published: February 2022

Chemicals for viscosity reduction play an important role in improving heavy oil production amongst other more commonly used technologies, such as crude oil heating by steam, and oil dilution with solvents. The viscosity reducer is able to dissolve in aqueous solutions, which makes it easy to handle and implement in wellbore lifting, huff-n-puff or well-to-well injection. In this work, eleven heavy oil viscosity reducers originally in emulsion form were investigated against a degassed conventional heavy oil with a viscosity of 246 mPa.s at 60°C. They were evaluated in terms of compatibility with high salinity water, interfacial tension, static adsorption onto carbonate core powders, viscosity reduction, micromodel displacement, and coreflooding displacement. The viscosity reducers present respectively either excellent or good compatibility with a high salinity brine of 57,760 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS). The slight difference in compatibility did not affect wate/oil interfacial tension but affect significantly the static adsorption onto carbonates. Significant heavy oil viscosity reduction was observed when mixed with 2 wt% viscosity reducers at a water-cut of 30%. Among eleven viscosity reducers, one reduced the viscosity by 82%, three by 60% to 70%, four by 50% to 60%, and three by 25% to 50%. Micromodel displacement presented consistent trend in oil recovery, ranging between 10% and 50% beyond waterflooding. Coreflooding displacement showed that the selected viscosity reducer (HOVR10) in solution increased heavy oil production by 20.3%. Efficient viscosity reducers provide an economical way to improve heavy oil productoin. They would reduce the energy consumption in producing heavy oil from the subsurface formation to surface facilities. As such, the application of heavy oil viscosity reducer would not only improve well productivity but also reduce operational costs.
Engineered Composite Solution Led to Deliver Record Wells in a Challenging Environment
Authors: Moreira Gustavo , Echevarria Edgar , AlHosni Fahad , Valera Rodrigo , Ruzhnikov Alexey , Rojas Luis
Published: February 2022

The current manuscript describes the engineering approach on how demanding wells in a very challenging field have been delivered more efficiently and consistently than the norm with an increase on the footage per day KPI by more than 75%.

The subject field is one of the most challenging fields in the area with issues such as: top hole's losses with risk of cellar collapse; severe wellbore instability across 16-in. hole section with nearly 40% of offset wells facing stuck pipes; reactive shales across 12-1/4-in. hole section requiring enhanced drilling fluid design; losses across 8½-in. curve section, increasing the risk of not achieving zonal isolation after the 7-in. liner cementing job.

A holistic approach was developed to tackle the field specific challenges including deployment of fit-for-purpose technologies, improvement in drilling practices and a better management of the risks.

The wells delivered after the Implementation of this approach were drilled faster by up to 19 days when comparing with the previous drilling campaign, achieving ROP records in all the sections with significant improvement: 77% in 16-in.; 20% in 12-1/4-in.; 50% in 8-1/2-in.; and 60% in 6-1/8-in. The results can be taken as lesson learned when facing such challenges and be implemented in similar wells in Middle East and worldwide alike.
Drucklose Direktfluorierung: Eine einfache Methode zur präparativen Synthese von neuen Fluorierungsreagenzien
Authors: Auer Kurt , Hungerbühler Ernst , Lang Robert W.
Published: February 2022

Large-scale synthesis of the new saccharin-derived N-fluorosultam 1 is described, starting from readily available saccharin 2. A newly designed fluorination apparatus, which allows the preparation of 100-g quantities of 1 at atmospheric pressure, is discussed in detail.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ АЛЮМИНИЕВЫХ ШЛАКОВ НА ОСНОВЕ БЕССОЛЕВЫХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ СПОСОБОВ
Authors: Ибрагимов В.Э. , Бажин В.Ю.
Published: February 2022

При плавке и разливке алюминиевых сплавов в результате взаимодействия с кислородной атмосферой образуется побочный металлизированный отход, называемый алюминиевым шлаком. В зависимости от технологии плавки данный продукт содержит от 20% до 80% чистого металла, диспергированного в окисной пленке. Производство первичного алюминия весьма энергоемко, ввиду этого, переработка низкосортного металлизированного сырья является экономически выгодной. Типичный процесс плавки алюминиевых ломов и шлаков с использованием солей щелочных и щелочноземельных металлов приводит к продуцированию токсичных солевых шлаков и вредных газов, что является растущей экологической проблемой для алюминиевой промышленности России и мира. За последние годы в мировом ученом сообществе был предложен ряд способов по бессолевой экологически ориентированной переработке металлизированных алюминиевых шлаков. Данные технологии рассмотрены в настоящей статье, а также по каждой технологии дана экспертная оценка по эффективности и перспективности ее применения.

During melting and casting aluminum alloys as a result of a partial interaction with the oxygen atmosphere, a secondary metallized waste is formed, it is called aluminum slag. Depending on the technology of melting, this product may contain from 20% to 80% of pure metal dispersed in an oxide fi lm. The production of primary aluminum is very energy intensive, and therefore, the processing of low-grade metallized raw materials is economically profi table. The typical process of smelting aluminum scrap and slag using salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals leads to the production of toxic salt slag and harmful gases, which is a growing environmental problem for Russian aluminum industry and for the world. In recent years, a number of methods have been proposed in the world scientifi c community for salt-free environmentally oriented processing of metallized aluminum slags. These technologies are considered in article, and an expert assessment is given for each technology on the effectiveness and prospects of its application.
Supramolecular rotaxane-based imaging agents targeting cancer biomarkers
Authors: d'Orchymont Faustine , Holland Jason P.
Published: February 2022

Mechanically interlocked molecules present opportunities to construct therapeutic drugs and diagnostic imaging agents but harnessing supramolecular chemistry to make biologically active molecules in water is a challenge. Here, we describe a rotaxane-based approach in the synthesis of radiolabelled proteins and peptides for molecular imaging of cancer-specific biomarkers in vivo. Host-guest chemistry with mono-functionalised beta-cyclodextrin, combined with curcurbit[6]uril catalysed cooperative capture synthesis, produced radioactive gallium-68 or zirconium-89-labelled metallo[4]rotaxanes. Simultaneous, one-pot radiolabelling and photochemical conjugation to monoclonal antibodies produced a viable radiotracer that was evaluated in vivo for quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of cancer biomarker expression. The rotaxane architecture can be easily tuned to accommodate different radioactive metal ion complexes, other proteins and peptide-based drugs, and fluorophores for optical detection. This technology provides a future platform to explore the use of mechanical bonding to optimise drug delivery, control metabolism and excretion profiles, and enhance the efficacy of tumour specific agents.
Annelerin Beslenme Davranışları ve Çocuklarının Beslenme Sürecine Yönelik Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: FIŞKIN Gamze , ÖLÇER Zeynep
Published: February 2022

Amaç: Araştırma kapsamında annelerin sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının değerlendirilerek çocuklarına yönelik beslenme tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında araştırmaya dâhil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan anneler oluşturmuştur (n=233). Veriler anne bilgi formu, Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ) ve Beslenme Süreci Anne Tutumları Ölçeği (BSATÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Oluşturulan anketler pandemi tedbirleri gereği online olarak sosyal medya üzerinden dağıtılmıştır. Bulgular: Annelerin SBİTÖ ve BSATÖ'den aldıkları toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 83,862 ±9,158 ve 61,660 ±18,929'du. Annelerin yaşı, eğitim ve gelir düzeyleri, beslenme davranışları, çocukların yaşları gibi değişkenlerin beslenme tutum ve davranışlarını etkilediği, fakat annelerin beslenme tutumlarıyla çocuklarının beslenmesine yönelik tutumları arasındaki anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (r= -0,040 p= 0,545). Sonuç: Araştırmadaki annelerin sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin zayıf olduğu, çocuklarının beslenmesinde kısmen olumsuz tutum sergiledikleri ve kendi beslenme davranışlarıyla çocuklarına yönelik sergiledikleri davranışlar arasında ilişki olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Treatment Outcomes of Postoperative Mediastinitis After Cardiac Surgery: A Comparison of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Performed with Instillation Method and Non-Instillation Method
Authors: HAFIZ Erhan , ALTINBAŞ Özgür
Published: February 2022

Objective: Mediastinitis following cardiac surgery is potentially devastating complication. Various treatment modalities were suggested for this clinical situation and vacuum assisted closure is one of them. In the study it was aimed to compare outcomes of vacuum assisted closure performed with instillation and non-instillation methods. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to June 2019, a total of 60 patients who had mediastinitis after cardiac surgery performed via sternotomy were included to the study. Both Group 1 and Group 2 was consisted of 30 patients to whom negative pressure wound therapy performed without and with instillation, respectively. Demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: Demographic data of the patients were similar. Bacteriologic cultures showed the presence of staphylococci in the majority of the patients in both groups (Group 1, 61.6%; Group 2, 70%). Duration of treatment, eradication of the infection, wound closure and patients discharge were statistically lower in Group 2 (p<0.05). Rate of the patients with healed wound was statistically significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vacuum assisted negative pressure therapy via instillation is a reliable method that can be performed in the treatment of mediastinitis and has superiority over non-instillation method.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratios on Acute Pancreatitis Patients
Authors: ERGENÇ Hasan , ERTÜRK Zeynep , EMİNLER Ahmet Tarık , CİNEMRE Hakan
Published: February 2022

Objective: In this study, we aim at demonstrating whether we can use neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratios (PLR) as a parameter in monitoring the disease severity of Pancreatitis Patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, hospitalized and monitored in gastroenterology service, whose files had retrospectively been studied, were included in the study. The severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis were evaluated with the Atlanta classification. Results: The average of NLR was 9.84±9.60 in the patient group but 2.00±0.86 in the control group. The NLR level was found higher in the patient group. The cut-off value was found as 2.85 (Sensitivity: 86% and specificity: 81%). Although no significant change was found in terms of the average of NLR concerning the disease severity, the decrease in the average of NLR among the groups was found significant in 48 hours. Conclusion: We have found that only the change in NLR level in the first 48th-hour could be associated with the disease severity. We found NLR as a parameter that can be used, applied, and accessed easily.
Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Selenite on Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: DOĞANAY Songül , BUDAK Özcan
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium selenite (SS) administration in renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar-albino rats were divided into four groups. Group I; Control group, Group II; IR group, Group III; IR+0.25mg/kg SS and 100mg/kg AA and Group IV; IR+0.50mg/kg SS and 200mg/kg AA. In the control group, only surgical stress was created. In the IR group, 60 minutes of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion were applied in the left kidney after right nephrectomy. SS and AA were administered to Groups III and IV at doses determined 5 days before the IR procedure. Results: In comparison of Group II with Group I, Group III and Group IV; severe damage was observed in the morphological structures of the glomerulus and renal tubules in Group II (p<0.05). Compared to Group I, Group III and Group IV the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 and the percentage of positive cells increased statistically in Group II (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study determined that prophylactic administration of ascorbic acid and sodium selenite showed protective effects against acute kidney injury.
Economic Violence against Women in Punjab: Dimensions, Determinants and its Implications on Women Social Status in Society
Authors: Ahmad Dilshad , Shah Salyha Zulfiqar Ali , Shabbir Mah Rukh
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Women are almost half the population of the world while their poor social status and limited participation in society is a serious issue of their deprivation specifically in developing countries like Pakistan. This study was attempted to investigate economic violence against women and its influential factors on women's social status in society.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

The study used multiple regression analysis for empirical estimation of cross-sectional data of 840 married men from three low socio-economic districts Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur and Muzaffargarh from Punjab province of Pakistan.

Findings: Empirical estimates of the study indicated among men above secondary school education, agricultural occupational status, emotional health status, childhood violence experience and witness are significant factors that impact women's economic violence.

Implications/Originality/Value:

There is a need for adequate legislation and policy measures for free and easy access to schooling, particularly in rural areas. In reducing gender disparity and violence’s regarding women social media, electronic media and print media can play a significant role by providing productive and positive messages in discussions and programs.
Employee Perceptions of the Effectiveness of E-training to Meet Performance Evaluation Requirements
Authors: Altwijri Areej M. , Aldosemani Tahani I.
Published: February 2022

Saudi universities have moved to e-training programmes, including ‘Ithrai’ and other platforms, due to their potential effectiveness and cost-efficiency. However, limited efforts have been made to evaluate the effectiveness of e-training programmes in the context of university workplaces in Saudi Arabia using Job Performance Evaluation Charter JPEC. The purpose of this study is to address this gap in the literature by examining the effect of e-training on meeting JPEC requirements for employees in the public university context in Saudi Arabia. This study highlights that e-training approaches are important to ensure that employees have acquired essential competencies and skills using JPEC as the foundation for their evaluation. In addition, it is important to take into account the different levels of knowledge among employees and encourage cooperation in order to overcome the various knowledge gaps among them as a result of their different abilities in dealing with technology. Participants highly agreed on the impact of e-training in terms of meeting the requirements for evaluating job performance in the area of employee professional development with a mean of (4.19). This research, however, is subject to several limitations. First, the study occurred at one Saudi university and is geographically limited. It also relied on a small sample size and it may not be possible to generalise the reported perceptions to the whole institution or Saudi Arabia as a whole. Other researchers could replicate the study by including different institutions in different geographical regions. Second, all the data were self-reported and may suffer from social desirability bias. Thus, readers should interpret the findings with caution.
Momentary Patterns of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-use in College Students: Assessing the Temporal Association with Anxiety
Authors: Phillips Kristina , Prince Mark , Phillips Michael , Lalonde Trent , Stein Michael
Published: February 2022

Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we assessed momentary patterns of alcohol and cannabis co-use in college students and whether state-level and baseline reports of anxiety varied based on type of substance(s) consumed. Students (N=109) reporting regular cannabis use completed a baseline assessment and two-week signal-contingent EMA, with three random prompts/day. At each EMA instance, we categorized instances of substance “usage” as: 1) no use, 2) cannabis-only, 3) alcohol-only, or 4) co-use of alcohol and cannabis (i.e., reports of alcohol and cannabis use within the same prompt). Using temporal sequenced data, we explored how state-level anxiety varied before and after usage type using multiple multilevel structural equation models (MSEMs) and whether baseline factors (general anxiety, social anxiety, and sex) influenced the relation between usage type and state-level anxiety. Participants were 63.3% White, 58.7% female, used cannabis near-daily, and commonly reported co-use. Models examining whether usage type predicted subsequent state-level anxiety were predominantly significant, with the majority of relationships being more pronounced for participants with higher baseline general anxiety. In examining whether momentary state-level anxiety predicted usage type, in instances when participants reported higher levels of momentary anxiety, they were more likely to report no use compared to co-use and cannabis-only, with sex moderating some of the relationships. Social anxiety did not moderate any of the within-person associations between state-level anxiety and usage type. This study provides preliminary evidence that report of momentary anxiety varies based on substance type. Future research is needed to establish co-use related synergistic effects and correlates.
Perilaku Organisasional
Authors: Jahny Sast
Published: February 2022

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OPERATION ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM INSTALLED IN THE RURAL 0.4 KV POWER GRID
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, BALABIN ALEKSANDR A.
Published: February 2022

To optimize the modes of operation of the power system, improve the power supply reliability to consumers and improve the quality of power supplied to the grid, power storage systems are used as the main and backup power sources. The analysis of the practical experience of using the accumulation system is rather topical nowadays. The authors analyze the practical application in the 0.4 kV power grid “Orelenergo” of an electric energy storage system in the form of a 20 kWh storage device of the MRSK2.0/ESS-50.40 type, installed to improve the quality of electric energy. The article gives an overview of the operating modes of the system’s storage energy and provides the results of an analysis of its control algorithms. It is established that a power grid with unbalanced load application of the considered storage system has worsened operating parameters. This problem arises due to the following design shortcomings: no dependence of the charging/discharging intervals of the drive on the load schedule of consumers, no phase-by-phase control of power output and charging, no shutdown algorithms in an emergency in the power grid. The article concludes with the statement about the incorrect selection of the accumulator intended for correcting power quality indicators. The authors provide recommendations to improve the energy storage systems designed to enhance the quality of electricity to avoid the identified shortcomings.
MOBILE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS WITH PIPELINES MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ULYUKINA ELENA A.
Published: February 2022

The use of quick-assembly (collapsible) pipelines is one of the effective ways of supplying water for periodic irrigation of agricultural land, especially when using highly worn-out existing irrigation systems. As a result of studies of the physicochemical properties of composite materials, the authors have proposed a linear element design of a collapsible pipeline, the principal technical solutions of which take into account the experience of operating domestic and foreign collapsible pipelines in irrigation systems. A feature of the proposed linear element is the one-piece construction of a pipe made of composite material without welds and joints with rigidly connected reinforcing metal nodes located in areas of increased load. The characteristics of composite materials obtained during the experiment (exemplified by fiberglass made using various types of hardeners) make it possible to predict an increase in the stability and operation safety of a collapsible pipeline made of composite materials due to possible bending with a smaller radius (compared with similar steel pipelines) when laying it on highly rugged terrain.
IMPROVING THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF THE PROTECTIVE SLEEVES OF THE CRADLE-MOUNTED PUMP WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL SURFACE HARDENING
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, FEDOROVA LILIYA V.
Published: February 2022

Based on the analysis of the working condition of the cradle-mounted pumps and the specific defects of protective bushings,the authors offer a technological solution for increasing the wear resistance of the outer surface of parts by the method of electromechanical surface hardening (ESH). The article describes the effects of progressions in the structure and microhardness of the surface layer of bushings made of steel 45 and U8. The authors experimentally found that the microhardness of the samples after ESH increased from 240 НV to 765 НV for steel 45 and from 340 НV to 876 НV for steel U8. The authors designed a stand, conducted wear tests of the samples, and reproduced the application environment of the “protective sleeve – stuffing box” connection of the cradle-mounted pump. The test results have shown that, compared with standard technologies for strengthening bushes, ESH increased the wear resistance of specimens from steel 45 in 3.1 times, while those of steel U8-1.9 times. In particular, using samples made of U8 steel after ESH, instead of serial bushes made of steel 45, may increase the wear resistance of products in 6.1 times. The research results give reasons to recommend the ESH technology to improve the wear resistance of protective bushings during their manufacture and the repair of the cradle-mounted pump.
Eşik as a scale (maqam) of asking for forgiveness in hagiographies
Authors: AYKAÇ Onur
Published: February 2022

Eşik seen in many fields from the oldest mythical narratives to modern literary texts and generally defined in dictionaries as “the low step at the bottom of the doorway” carries out a highly important function while interpreting the relation between murshid (spiritual director) and murid (seeker) in tasawwuf culture. According to conventional wisdom, a murid who wants to transfer from zahir (outward) to batin (inward) and to walk confidently on the spiritual path needs to put his head in eşik of his murshid. Thus, murid expresses his devotion and surrender to his murshid. From this perspective, eşik symbolizes humility, devotion, and giving up the ego. Eşik having such a deep meaning is also used in hagiographies while asking for forgiveness for a mistake. Murids who follow their nafs (ego) in a moment’s heedlessness and hurt the feelings of their murshid ask for forgiveness as waiting on eşik of murshid and finally they achieve these goals. One of the best examples of this shows itself in the famous hagiography of eşik between murshid Tapduk Emre and his murid Yûnus Emre. However, this is not the only example in the hagiographies of the use of eşik as a scale of asking for forgiveness. It is seen that a similar situation occurred between murshid Zengî Ata and his murid Seyyid Ahmed Ata, murshid Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli and his murid Molla Sadeddin and murshid Emir Külâl and his murid Behâeddin Buhârî and the murids who commit a fault try to be forgiven by their murshids as putting their heads in eşik of their murids. Firstly, this study deals with the meaning of the term, eşik in tasawwuf culture, then, eşik as an expression of regret is scrutinized in the framework of the sample hagiographies.