bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF THE TRIP MODEL ON STUDENTS' SCIENCE READING ABILITY AND MARINE CONSERVATION LEARNING INTEREST
Authors: Hsieh Fu-Pei , Chen Yun-An , Hung Jeng-Fung , Tsai Chun-Yen
Published: June 2020

This research sought to improve students' science reading comprehension ability and marine ecological conservation learning interest through the implementation of an inquiry-based learning course. A Triggered situational interest-Reading-Inquiry-Presentation (TRIP) model was proposed to guide the course design. The quasi-experimental design was adopted in this research. Experimental teaching activities were conducted with two classes of second graders (50 students in total) in southern Taiwan. One class served as the experimental group, and the other served as the comparison group. The Science Reading Comprehension Test (SRCT) and Marine Ecology Conservation Learning Interest Scale (MECLIS) were used as instruments. Data were analyzed using the Johnson-Neyman Technique, analysis of covariance, and qualitative analysis. The results showed that the students with lower pre-test scores on the SRCT in the experimental group had better scores on the post-test than those in the comparison group, while the students in both groups with higher pre-test scores on the SRCT had no difference in their post-test scores. Furthermore, the experimental group students had better MECLIS scores than the comparison group students, and the difference had a moderate effect size. Overall, this research suggests that the TRIP model may assist science teachers in designing science reading courses.
Keywords: inquiry-based learning, learning interest, reading comprehension, reading literacy.
EVALUATION OF INTERACTIVE GAME-BASED LEARNING IN PHYSICS DOMAIN
Authors: Zeng Hui , Zhou Shao-Na , Hong Gui-Rong , Li Qiu-ye , Xu Shao-Qiu
Published: June 2020

In recent years, game-based learning has attracted much attention in education; however, the effectiveness of game-based learning is still not solidly confirmed. In the present research, a game-based learning in the physics domain with guides provided direct and immediate feedback. The research was conducted among three different groups: the traditional group, the educational video group, and the game-based learning group. The result showed that the game-based learning group performed the best among the three groups, followed by the educational video group, and the traditional group performed the worst. Students in the game-based learning group were enrolled into an interview to study which types of guides enhanced students’ game-based learning. From the interview, the prompts and the interactive characteristic of the game-based learning environment took the first two places. In addition, students benefited from the features of game-based learning including task requirements for execution, the tip prompt function, the feedback mechanism, and the story settings. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate applicable guides into the design of game-based learning according to students’ perspectives for providing engaging learning experience.
Keywords: game-based learning, knowledge acquisition, learning guidelines, physics education.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of 4,6-bis-ethylamino[1,3,5]triazine derivatives for Flu A (H1N1) virus California/07/2009
Authors: Demchenko A. M. , Moskalenko O. V. , Sukhoveev V. V. , Barchyna O. I. , Fedchenkova Yu. A.
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, control of viral diseases becomes especially relevant, considering spreading of influenza A (subtype H1N1) in this season and appearance of new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which caused their epidemic spreading in the world. This is why development and introduction of new highly effective antiviral drugs are a relevant direction of pharmaceutical chemistry. The aim of research is to synthesize the derivatives of (4,6-bis-amino[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl-sulphanyl)-Naryl-acetamide and to study the antiviral activity for FluA (H1N1) virus California/07/2009 at primary pharmacological screening stage. The investigated compounds – (4,6-bis-amino[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl-sulphanyl)-N-aryl-acetamide derivatives, were synthesized on the basis of 4,6-bis-ethylamino[1, 3,5]triazin-2-tiol. The antiviral activity of (4,6-bis-amino[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl-sulphanyl)-N-(2,4,6-trichlorphenyl)-acetamide against the virus FluA (H1N1) California/07/2009 was evaluated on MDCK cell culture test in vitro. It has been shown that the test substance exhibits high antiviral activity against the influenza A virus H1N1 California/ 07/2009 with effective concentration of EC50 0,6 μg/ml and the selectivity index SI > 170 (for Ribavirin SI > 160 and Amizona SI > 2,1). The data obtained substantiate the expediency of further study of derivatives of (4,6-diamino[1,3,5] triazine-2-yl-sulphanyl)-N-aryl-acetamide as potential antiviral agents.
Challenges and Its Approaches to Bring Integration of Indonesian People
Authors: Ulung Napitu  , Opan S. Suwartapradja  , Budi Radjab  , Junardi Harahap
Published: June 2020

This paper deal with the challenges in and approaches to bringing about both   and integration in multiethnic Indonesia’s people life. Till now, some challenges in national integration are still found in forms of: SARA (ethnicity, religion, and inter-group)-based social conflicts, fake news (hoax), hate speeches (e.g. Saracen), radical movements, separatism movements, etc. These are due to inequality n social-economic development, low awareness of some elements of the state, and allegedly discriminative practices. Overcoming the multi-dimension problems needs genuine commitment, hard work, allegiance to the Constitusion and Pancasila (Indonesia’s ideological principles) as the state foundation, and awareness of the whole elements of the nation. To analyze deeply the phenomena relating to the callenges in and approaches to bringing about national integration, a library research method was used. Building on written sources of books, journals, newspapers and other prited media, the current paper could expectedly result in a valuable publication. The analysis performed in the present writing started by selecting, evaluating, and analyzing contents and the shynthezing the contents of different books and journals so as to draw conclusions. To secure the validity of the printed sources, the author out both external and internal critiques of the library sources used.
Improving Students’ Listening Comprehension through New Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Purba Christian Neni
Published: June 2020

This research is about the improving student’s comprehension in listening through introducing the new vocabulary. The background of research was based on phenomenon that students had  in the classroom at FKIP UHN. They had problems  in listening one of the them was lack of vocabulary. This research focused on the way to improve the students’ comprehension in listening.This research applies classroom action research, aimed to describe the improvement process of teaching learning listening. t used intimate language style. The result of this study found  that in the pre cycle the students’ average score is 57. 82%. In the first cycle the students’ average score is 68.38. In the second cycle the students’ average score is 72.  The average of students score was  always increasing. It means that improvement of students listening comprehension increase each cyles by learning new vocabulary.
Hallazgo de un conjunto de pintura esquemática prehistórica en el sitio de Pala de Cabras, en Casaio (Orense)
Authors: Tejerizo-García Carlos , Alonso Toucido Francisco , Martínez Panizo Laura , Rodríguez-González Celtia , Fernández-Pereiro Mario , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Alejandro
Published: June 2020

Presentamos en este trabajo el hallazgo de un conjunto de pintura esquemática en el lugar de Pala de Cabras, en la parroquia de Santa María de Casaio (Carballeda de Valdeorras, Ourense). Este hallazgo se produjo durante el desarrollo de un proyecto cuyo objetivo principal es el análisis arqueológico de las transformaciones de las sociedades campesinas tradicionales en la larga duración histórica. Aquí se realizará una primera aproximación al sitio y al conjunto pictórico así como se presentarán las figuras más relevantes del conjunto, que incluyen algunos interesantes ejemplares de ídolos oculados, soliformes y ramiformes, que datamos preliminarmente en el Calcolítico. Este sitio marca un hito en el estudio del arte prehistórico del noroeste peninsular, dada su cantidad y calidad en un contexto caracterizado tradicionalmente por las representaciones de petroglifos, así como de las interacciones e intercambios culturales en la Prehistoria Reciente.
"Apadrina una roca" te invita a participar activamente en la conservación del patrimonio geológico
Authors: Cabrera Ferrero Ana , Vegas Salamanca Juana , Lozano Otero Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

Apadrina una roca es un programa gratuito de ciencia ciudadana para la conservación del patrimonio geológico en España. Cualquier persona, asociación o institución puede comprometerse para vigilar los lugares de interés geológico (LIG) que escojan por proximidad, denominados georrecursos en el caso de la Comunidad de Andalucía. Una vez al año recibirán una encuesta y en cualquier momento pueden enviar las incidencias detectadas en los LIG apadrinados.
DOMÍNGUEZ, C. Hugh M. Matheson: un victoriano en las minas de Río Tinto
Authors: Pérez López Juan Manuel
Published: June 2020

Reseña de la publicación DOMÍNGUEZ, C. Hugh M. Matheson: un victoriano en las minas de Río Tinto.Huelva: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Huelva, 2019 (Aldina; 56)
Jaén acoge la próxima conferencia internacional sobre paisajes rurales europeos PECSRL 2020
Authors: Paniza Cabrera Antonia
Published: June 2020

Jaén y Baeza son las ciudades sede de la 29 edición de la veternara Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape (PECSRL). Encuentro bianual que viene celebrándose desde 1957 para la discusión de investigadores de distintos ámbitos científicos interesados en el estudio de los paisajes rurales europeos. La cita es en septiembre y el título: Living together in European Rural Landscapes. Esta ocasión el análisis y discusión remarcan, entre otros aspectos, la importancia, en las dinámicas actuales de la mayoría de los espacios rurales europeos, de encontrarse bajo un mismo ámbito de regulación, la Política Agraria Común.
Nace TEMPORÁNEA, nueva revista de acceso abierto sobre la historia de la arquitectura
Authors: Loren-Méndez Mar
Published: June 2020

Tendrá una periodicidad anual. Y en marzo 2020 ha salido el primer número. TEMPORÁNEA. Revista de Historia de la Arquitectura, vinculada a la Universidad de Sevilla, va dirigida preferentemente a la comunidad científica y universitaria dedicada a la investigación en Historia de la Arquitectura. Es un título más de acceso abierto que se suma al amplio conjunto de publicaciones editadas con la plataforma libre Open Journal System. De carácter internacional, desde este número inaugural abarca ya diversos períodos históricos y ámbitos geográficos.
ARCOVE, la Asociación para la Restauración-Conservación de Vidrieras de España, es ya una realidad
Authors: Cortés Pizano Fernando
Published: June 2020

A principios de abril de 2020 se presentó oficialmente, tanto en las redes sociales como mediante el envío de comunicados a diferentes instituciones, asociaciones y profesionales vinculados al patrimonio cultural, la Asociación para la Restauración-Conservación de Vidrieras de España (ARCOVE). La preocupación por fomentar el inventario y estudio del patrimonio vidriero español y por mejorar su conservación, el entusiasmo por aprender y la necesidad de cohesionar a un colectivo hasta ahora muy disgregado, fueron las semillas que hicieron germinar este proyecto.
Asuinalueiden kehittäminen ikääntyvälle väestölle
Authors: Verma Ira
Published: June 2020

The population ageing is a global trend. Neighbourhood planning and housing design can support the general wellbeing and independence of older people who live at home at old age or with disabilities. The aim of the study was to explore the design features enhancing social and physical activities of older persons. The participation of older residents was emphasized through mixed methods: workshops, observational walking tours, interviews and questionnaires. The result show that walking friendly environment, mixed land use and green areas promote ageing in place. A comprehensive design of the built environment that does not exclude older people is needed.
Identification of Bacteria on Cockroach Feet (Periplaneta americana) in Resident Bay of Palu Permai and Sensitivity Test Against Antibiotics
Authors: Kundera I Nengah , Sapu Evasari Herman , Bialangi Mursito
Published: June 2020

Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) a group of Arthropoda is living inside and outside the home because these animals can cause various diseases and act as vectors as well as hospes.  Cockroaches and other animals that act as vectors are strongly associated with the presence of microorganism pathogen carried on their feet. This study aims to identify the bacteria in Cockroach feet at Teluk Palu Permai residential neighborhood and the sensitivity test against antibiotics. This research is an exploratory laboratory, using a standard of bacteria isolation, Gram staining, Microbact system, and antibiotic sensitivity test. The results of the research were successful in identifying bacteria from Cockroaches, obtained from residential environments bacteria thas is Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella arizonae, and Proteus mirabilis. The discovery of this bacteria is initial research that is useful for the development of handling infectious diseases transmitted by Cockroach vectors. This study has also found that bacteria experience resistance to the antibiotics Vancomycin, Chloramphenicol and Amoxycillin. While Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin antibiotics are still sensitive to Escherichia coli bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella arizonae, and Proteus mirabilis. This research is expected to provide preliminary data on the role of Cockroach as a vector of infectious diseases for humans caused by pathogenic bacteria and prevention efforts in the future.
Reconstruction of maximum temperature on Zhegu Mountain, western Sichuan Plateau (China)
Authors: Keyimu M , Li Z , Zhao Y , Dong Y , Fu B , Fan Z , Wang X
Published: June 2020

Historical temperature reconstructions at high altitudes are still insufficient in southwestern China, which is considered one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world. Here we developed a tree ring-width chronology of Faxon firAbies fargesiivar.faxonianaat the upper timber line on Zhegu Mountain, Miyaluo Scenic Area, western Sichuan, China. The climate-tree growth relationship analysis indicated temperature as the dominant regulator on radial tree growth in this region. The reconstruction of aggregated maximum temperature (TMX) of autumn and winter for the period 1856-2016 was achieved with a linear regression model that accounted for 43.6% of the actual variability in the common time series (1954-2016). The reconstruction identified 4 warm periods and 3 cold periods. Similarities of warm and cold periods with previously published reconstructions from nearby sites indicated the reliability of our reconstruction. The significant positive correlation between TMX reconstruction and the Asian-Pacific Oscillation index and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation index suggested a linkage between large-scale climate circulations and the thermal variability at a multi-decadal scale on the western Sichuan Plateau. We also found that solar activity exerted a strong influence on decadal temperature variability in this region. The cold periods were matched well with historical large volcanic eruptions. Our results strengthen the historical climatic information in southwestern China and contribute to further understanding the regional thermal variability as well as its driving mechanism.
USING CONVERSATION WEBSITES FOR IMPROVING INTERCULTURAL EXCHANGE AND MAINTAIN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN EDUCATION 4.0
Authors: Septiana Dita , Nurhadianti Nurhadianti , Purwati Dinar , Murwantono Didik
Published: June 2020

The reality of education 4.0 is undeniably true of contemporary higher education systems. This is demonstrated by technological developments and online-based developments. This phenomenon is a challenge of any kind, particularly for students to adapt to the creation of learning processes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the students ' improvements in their communication exchange skills and establish interpersonal relationship skills through the use of conversation exchange websites. There were six females and four males of students that has been using conversation exchange from some countries taken as participants. This survey was carried out using the video call feature in the Application tool. The semi-structured interview was used to obtain information from students on the specific theme of fun and easy conversation exchange in foreign language communication as a part of the educational challenge 4.0. By using the structural analysis, ten students have fully agreed to the use of a conversation exchange website to improve foreign language communication skills. All males and females were 90% willing to use the conversation exchange website as a measure of the effects of the use of conversation exchange through semi-structured interviews with three questions. The results show that the students ' attitudes have been welcomed by the conversation exchange website to enhance their communication skills in foreign languages. Therefore, the use of conversation exchange should be widely introduced to increase the ability to communicate in a foreign language.
The Study on the Manufacturing Cold Cured Briquette Using Curing Reaction of Sodium Silicate
Authors: Kim Kang-Min , Han Jeong-Whan
Published: June 2020

New technologies need to be developed in the ironmaking process to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. To achieve this, in recent years steelmakers have been working to reduce coke usage by increasing thermal energy efficiency. However, it is very difficult to reduce coke consumption while maintaining production, because the level of energy efficiency of steelmakers in Korea is already among the world’s highest. Therefore, we devised an idea that can dramatically reduce carbon dioxide emissions by agglomerating iron ore without using thermal energy. This is a method that uses a curing reaction of sodium silicate and carbon dioxide gas contained in water glass after briquetting a mixture of ultra-fine ore and water glass. Carbon dioxide gas is not emitted because coke is not required. In this study, to investigate the applicability of this idea, the strength characteristics of the briquettes were measured and compared according to the preparation and reaction conditions. As a result, the highest compressive strength was obtained when the binder content was 5 wt%, the flow rate of the reaction gas was 20 L/min, and the reaction time was 10 seconds. Also, a shatter index similar to that of commercial sintered ore was measured when the molding pressure was 4 ton/cm2 or more.
Exploiting Ambiguity:Murder!and the Meanings of Cross-Dressing in Interwar British Cinema
Authors: O'Rourke Chris
Published: June 2020

The crime film Murder! (1930), directed by Alfred Hitchcock for British International Pictures and based on the novel Enter Sir John (1929) by Clemence Dane and Helen Simpson, has long been cited in debates about the treatment of queer sexuality in Hitchcock's films. Central to these debates is the character of Handel Fane and the depiction of his cross-dressed appearances as a theatre and circus performer, which many critics have understood as a coded reference to homosexuality. This article explores such critical interpretations by situating Murder! more firmly in its historical context. In particular, it examines Fane's cross-dressed performances in relation to other cultural representations of men's cross-dressing in interwar Britain. These include examples from other British and American films, stories in the popular press and the publicity surrounding the aerial performer and female impersonator Barbette (Vander Clyde). The article argues that Murder! reflects and exploits a broader fascination with gender ambiguity in British popular culture, and that it anticipates the more insistent vilification of queer men in the decades after the Second World War.
Bringing the Battle to Britain: Band of Brothers and Television Runaway Production in the UK
Authors: Knox Simone
Published: June 2020

This article explores the development and pre-production history of the 2001 HBO mini-series Band of Brothers. It does so via a combination of original archive research (conducted at the BFI Reuben Library) and interviews with several industry figures with relevant professional experience, including John Barclay, the current Head of Recorded Media for the UK trade union Equity, and Roger Harrop, the former director of regional film commission Herts Film Link. Using these methodologies, the article identifies Band of Brothers as the first significant US runaway television production in the UK, and uncovers how this HBO programme came to benefit from British film tax relief. Here, close attention is paid to dubious practices concerning tax policy and contractual agreements for actors, especially Damian Lewis's pay. The article demonstrates the impact Band of Brothers has had on television production in the UK in terms of providing Equity with a useful precedent when negotiating for subsequent international productions such as Game of Thrones (2011–19). Band of Brothers offers important and timely lessons to be learned, especially given the recent growth of US television runaway productions in the UK.
Well I Never! Locating Alexander Esway's Films for the Electrical Development Association in the History of Industrial Film-making
Authors: Hicks Jan
Published: June 2020

The Science Museum Group's archive for the Electricity Council, held at the Science and Industry Museum in Manchester, includes films sponsored by the British Electrical Development Association (EDA). The three earliest films in the archive date from 1934 and share a director in Alexander Esway. During content development research for the collaborative exhibition Electricity: The Spark of Life and research into Esway's films for a paper given at the Material Cultures of Energy BFI film workshop Picturing Energy: Approaches to Energy Films, questions arose about the lack of attention shown to commercial and industrial films included in Rachael Low's definition of ‘quota’ films and also about Esway's significance as a film-maker and his place in the history of British industrial films. This article provides information about the three films, the man who directed them and the context of what was happening in both the electricity industry and the film-making world at the time, including why the EDA decided to use film in its publicity campaigns. It attempts to discover whether Esway has been unjustifiably neglected by film historians, with his career a footnote to those of his more famous peers, and questions whether his work for the EDA forms part of a body of commercial and industrial films that need to be re-evaluated.
PERANAN EKOLOGI PEMERINTAHAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Hasibuan Afriadi Sjahbana
Published: June 2020

Role of Government Ecology in Increasing Regional Government Policy Competitiveness. Government ecology as a basis for policy making will follow various processes for preparing policy analysis with various resources obtained from both natural resources, artificial resources and human resources. These resources are a reference in the formulation of government policies in building regional competitiveness. This study aims to discuss the role of government ecology in enhancing competitiveness through local government policies to improve services to the public. The method used in this study is library research. Data is collected from a variety of materials in the library such as documents, books, magazines, journals, both offline and online. The results show that local government policies will be more effective when policies are implemented in policy formulation with government-based knowledge or ecology. The Regional Government seeks to have competitiveness that adheres to commitment and is consistent in implementing regional government processes. The process of increasing competitiveness goes hand in hand with increasing knowledge and capabilities of apparatus in public service optimally.

Keywords: government ecology, policy, competitiveness.
IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN DESA MENGAJAR DALAM PENINGKATAN ANGKA MELEK HURUF DAN RATA-RATA LAMA SEKOLAH DI KABUPATEN BOGOR PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Mayor David , Syafitri Ajeng Ayu
Published: June 2020

Implementation of the Village Teaching Movement in Increasing Literacy Rates and Average School Length in Bogor Regency, , West Java Province . The Bogor District Government formed the Village Teaching Movement with the aim of increasing the accessibility of education and providing education services on non-formal channels. This study aims to find out how the implementation of the Village Teaching Movement Program in Increasing Literacy Numbers and the Average School Length in Bogor Regency, supporting and inhibiting factors, and efforts made by the government in overcoming these obstacles. This research was conceptualized based on the implementation theory proposed by George Edwards III with qualitative descriptive research methods and inductive approaches. Data obtained by using data collection techniques through interviews, observation, documentation, and triangulation. Data analysis techniques are used through data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the study show  that the implementation of the Village Teaching Movement in Increasing Literacy and the Average School Length in Bogor Regency has been going well but has not been maximized. In the implementation of this program there were a number of obstacles including changes in policy, uneven socialization and low public participation. For this reason, the Bogor District Education Office seeks to improve the quality of education services and increase the establishment of junior high schools in a number of districts.

Keywords: implementation, village teaching movement, education
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Murdiyana Murdiyana , Mulyana Mulyana
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN JATIGEDE OLEH PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Riswati Riswati , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Community empowerment in Jatigede Reservoir area, need to be done as soon as possible by PemerinahSumedang Regency, Community Empowerment aimed is to menandarikan community, so that society can be independent and empower to fulfill requirement of her life, Impact of Jatigede Reservoir development, impact very wide for society Jatigede area, where initially they have agricultural land and they can cultivate the land intended to meet their daily needs, but after the construction of Jatigede Reservoir, most of the people around the area, currently have no jobs, and income to meet their daily needs, for that writer interested to conduct research area around Jatigede Reservoir, and method which writer use is qualitative analysis, and descriptive analysis. By using SWOT method. The results obtained are, where community empowerment conducted by the Government of Sumedang Regency, has not been maximized, and has not impacted to be able to change and improve the economic condition of the community around the Jatigede Reservoir Area. Based on the above description, Sumedang District Government needs to prepare a strategic plan that contains the empowerment program as a first step through an analysis of the environment both internal (Strengths and Weaknesses) and external (Opportunities and Threats). So the author menyaranan for Government District Sumedang, to be more serious and consistent and effective in providing empowerment to the community around the area at Jatigede Reservoir. So the community can be empowered to meet the needs of daily life.

Keywords: community empowerment strategy.
COMMENT. Cherepenin M.Yu., Gorskiy V.A., Armashov V.P. RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS BY SUBMUCOSAL W-LASER DESTRUCTION OF HEMORRHOIDAL PILES
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: June 2020

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MULTISTAGE MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT FOR PERIANAL ABSCESS
Authors: Khitaryan A. G. , Alibekov A. Z. , Kovalev S. A. , Orekhov A. A. , Ousmane Abdallah , Golovina A. A. , Kislov V. A. , Romodan N. A.
Published: June 2020

AIM: to improve the results of treatment for perianal abscess using ultrasound navigation, seton drainage of the internal fistula and subsequent minimally invasive treatment of fistula.PATIENTS AND METHODS: seventy-two patients with perianal abscess were included in cohort retrospective study. At the first stage the abscess opening and seton under ultrasound navigation with contrast was performed. On the second stage the FiLaC procedure was performed. RESULTS: follow-up was 8-14 weeks, 29 (53.7%) patients had subcutaneous or submucosal seton displacement, while 8 (11.1%) produced complete healing. Twenty-one (29.2%) patients required fistulectomy. In 25 (46.3%) patients, intra- and transsphincteric fistulas were detected in 18 (33.3%) and 7 (12.9%) cases, respectively. All these patients underwent laser coagulation of the fistula. After a single laser coagulation, fistula healing within 4 weeks was found in 19 (76.0%) patients. Six (24.0%) patients underwent second laser coagulation of the fistula, while healing was observed in 2 (8.0%) patients. Four (16.0%) patients after second coagulation produced recurrence and have underwent surgery (LIFT procedure or advancement flap).CONCLUSION: perianal abscess opening with seton provides recovery in 14.8% and produces «ideal» fistula for laser ablation in 46.2% within 10-14 weeks after. Multistage minimally multistage approach provides healing and not affects anal continence in 84.0%.
A Theory-Based Longitudinal Investigation Examining Predictors of Self-Harm in Adolescents With and Without Bereavement Experiences
Authors: del Carpio Laura , Rasmussen Susan , Paul Sally
Published: June 2020

Background

Research has demonstrated that exposure to suicide can lead to increased vulnerability for self-harm or suicide. As a result, ideation-to-action models of suicide (e.g., the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicide; IMV) recognise exposure as a significant risk factor which may be implicated in the translation of thoughts into actions. However, few studies have tested this theoretical link explicitly within an adolescent population, and examined how it compares to other types of bereavements.

Methods

A 6-month prospective questionnaire study was conducted with 185 Scottish adolescents aged 11–17 (115 adolescents also completed the questionnaire at follow-up). The questionnaire included measures on experiences with bereavement and lifetime engagement in self-harm, as well as measures of defeat, entrapment, social support, coping, and other psychological variables.

Results

At baseline, 11% of young people reported exposure to a suicide death, and 62% to a non-suicide death. In addition, 21% of pupils reported ever engaging in self-harm, while 24% had experienced self-harm ideation without engaging in it. Cross-sectional multivariate logistic regressions showed that maladaptive coping, family social support, glorifying/normalising beliefs about suicide, and family self-harm were significantly associated with self-harm group membership (control, ideation, or enactment groups). At follow-up, 9% of pupils reported exposure to a suicide death and 11% to a non-suicide death for the first time. A total of 29% of the sample reported self-harm at T2 (8% of participants for the first time), and 23% reported self-harm ideation without engaging in it. Multivariate analyses found that stigmatising beliefs about suicide, glorifying/normalising beliefs about suicide, and self-harm ideation at baseline were the only variables to predict self-harm group membership prospectively. Bereavement experiences, whether by suicide or non-suicide, did not predict self-harm group status at baseline nor at follow-up.

Conclusions

This study provides support for the validity of a theoretical model of suicide, even though predictive ability over the 6-months period was limited. Although difficulties with recruitment may have limited the statistical power, this study provides insight into the prevalence and experiences of suicide bereavement among adolescents and the factors related to the onset and maintenance of self-harm.
Five Decades of Productivity and Efficiency Changes in World Agriculture (1969–2013)
Authors: Reza Anik Asif , Rahman Sanzidur , Sarker Jaba Rani
Published: June 2020

The present study applied the Färe–Primont index approach to estimate the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of world agriculture, covering the period 1969–2013. Overall, the world agricultural TFP grew at a rate of 0.44% p.a. This growth was mainly contributed to by technological progress and mix efficiency changes, while the contributions of technical efficiency and scale efficiency changes were negligible. TFP growth varied across regions, with South Asia at the top of the list (1.05% p.a.), and East Asia and the Pacific (0.18% p.a.) at the bottom. TFP components exerted differential influences amongst regions. For instance, mix efficiency played a dominant role in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, whereas it was technical efficiency change in Latin America and the Caribbean region. The paper argues for region specific policy interventions emphasizing technical progress through investment in R&D and price and non-price interventions to improve economies of scope and scale of operation in the agricultural sector.
Beta-Lactam Sensitive Bacteria Can Acquire ESBL-Resistance via Conjugation after Long-Term Exposure to Lethal Antibiotic Concentration
Authors: Ruotsalainen Pilvi , Given Cindy , Penttinen Reetta , Jalasvuori Matti
Published: June 2020

Beta-lactams are commonly used antibiotics that prevent cell-wall biosynthesis. Beta-lactam sensitive bacteria can acquire conjugative resistance elements and hence become resistant even after being exposed to lethal (above minimum inhibitory) antibiotic concentrations. Here we show that neither the length of antibiotic exposure (1 to 16 h) nor the beta-lactam type (penam or cephem) have a major impact on the rescue of sensitive bacteria. We demonstrate that an evolutionary rescue can occur between different clinically relevant bacterial species (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) by plasmids that are commonly associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive hospital isolates. As such, it is possible that this resistance dynamic may play a role in failing antibiotic therapies in those cases where resistant bacteria may readily migrate into the proximity of sensitive pathogens. Furthermore, we engineered a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-plasmid to encode a guiding CRISPR-RNA against the migrating ESBL-plasmid. By introducing this plasmid into the sensitive bacterium, the frequency of the evolutionarily rescued bacteria decreased by several orders of magnitude. As such, engineering pathogens during antibiotic treatment may provide ways to prevent ESBL-plasmid dispersal and hence resistance evolution.
Smartphone and Paper-Based Fluorescence Reader: A Do It Yourself Approach
Authors: Ireta-Muñoz Laura Alejandra , Morales-Narváez Eden
Published: June 2020

Given their photoluminescent character, portable quantum dot readers are often sophisticated and relatively expensive. In response, we engineered a “do it yourself” fluorescence reader employing paper materials and a mid-range smartphone camera. Black paperboard facilitated a versatile, lightweight and foldable case; whereas cellophane paper was observed to behave as a simple, yet effective, optical bandpass filter leading to an advantageous device for the quantitative interrogation of quantum dot nanocrystals concentrations (from 2.5 to 20 nM), which are suitable for optical point-of-care biosensing. The streptavidin-coated nanocrystals employed are commercially available and the developed reader was benchmarked with a standard portable quantum dot reader, thereby demonstrating advantages in terms of cost and linear analytical range.
Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Duarte Carolina , Akkaoui Juliet , Yamada Chiaki , Ho Anny , Mao Cungui , Movila Alexandru
Published: June 2020

Ceramide and sphingosine are important interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites which govern various signaling pathways related to different aspects of cell survival and senescence. The conversion of ceramide into sphingosine is mediated by ceramidases. Altogether, five human ceramidases—named acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, alkaline ceramidase 1, alkaline ceramidase 2, and alkaline ceramidase 3—have been identified as having maximal activities in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, respectively. All five ceramidases have received increased attention for their implications in various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Farber disease. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ceramidases in host cells exposed to pathogenic bacteria and viruses have also been demonstrated. While ceramidases have been a subject of study in recent decades, our knowledge of their pathophysiology remains limited. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing literature on the role of acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidases in relation to human health and various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition, the essential impact of ceramidases on tissue regeneration, as well as their usefulness in enzyme replacement therapy, is also discussed.
BMP-2 Variants in Breast Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Microcalcifications Origin
Authors: Scimeca Manuel , Giocondo Raffaella , Montanaro Manuela , Granaglia Annarita , Bonfiglio Rita , Tancredi Virginia , Mauriello Alessandro , Urbano Nicoletta , Schillaci Orazio , Bonanno Elena
Published: June 2020

This study aims to investigate the possible different roles of the BMP-2 variants, cytoplasmic and nuclear variant, in both epithelial to mesenchymal transition and in microcalcifications origin in human breast cancers. To this end, the in situ expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear BMP-2 was associated with the expression of the main epithelial to mesenchymal transition biomarkers (e-cadherin and vimentin) and molecules involved in bone metabolisms (RUNX2, RANKL, SDF-1) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear BMP-2 was associated with the presence of microcalcifications. Our data showed a significant association among the number of cytoplasmic BMP-2-positive cells and the number of both vimentin (positive association) and e-cadherin (negative association) positive breast cells. Conversely, no associations were found concerning the nuclear BMP-2-positive breast cells. Surprisingly, the opposite result was obtained by analyzing the variants of BMP-2 and both the expression of RANKL and SDF-1 and the presence of microcalcifications. Specifically, the presence of microcalcifications was related to the expression of nuclear BMP-2 variant rather than the cytoplasmic one, as well as a strong association between the number of nuclear BMP-2 and the expression of the main breast osteoblast-like cells (BOLCs) biomarkers. To further corroborate these data, an in vitro experiment for demonstrating the co-expression of nBMP-2 and RANKL or vimentin or SDF-1 in breast cancer cells that acquire the capability to produce microcalcifications was developed. These investigations confirmed the association between the nBMP-2 expression and both RANKL and SDF-1. The data supports the idea that whilst cytoplasmic BMP-2 can be involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon, the nuclear variant is related to the essential mechanisms for the formation of breast microcalcifications. In conclusion, from these experimental and translational perspectives, the complexity of BMP-2 signaling will require a detailed understanding of the involvement of specific BMP-2 variants in breast cancers.
Interactions of Small-Molecule Guests with Interior and Exterior Surfaces of a Coordination Cage Host
Authors: Taylor Christopher , Train Jennifer , Ward Michael
Published: June 2020

Coordination cages are well-known to act as molecular containers that can bind small-molecule guests in their cavity. Such cavity binding is associated with interactions of the guests with the surrounding set of surfaces that define the cavity; a guest that is a good fit for the cavity will have many favourable interactions with the interior surfaces of the host. As cages have exterior as well as interior surfaces, possibilities also exist for ‘guests’ that are not well-bound in the cavity to interact with the exterior surface of the cage where spatial constraints are fewer. In this paper, we report a combined solid-state and solution study using an octanuclear cubic M8L12 coordination cage which illustrates the occurrence of both types of interaction. Firstly, crystallographic studies show that a range of guests bind inside the cavity (either singly or in stacked pairs) and/or interact with the cage exterior surface, depending on their size. Secondly, fluorescence titrations in aqueous solution show how some flexible aromatic disulfides show two separate types of interaction with the cage, having different spectroscopic consequences; we ascribe this to separate interactions with the exterior surface and the interior surface of the host cage with the former having a higher binding constant. Overall, it is clear that the idea of host/guest interactions in molecular containers needs to take more account of external surface interactions as well as the obvious cavity-based binding.
Design and Analysis of Porous Functionally Graded Femoral Prostheses with Improved Stress Shielding
Authors: Jafari Chashmi Morassa , Fathi Alireza , Shirzad Masoud , Jafari-Talookolaei Ramazan-Ali , Bodaghi Mahdi , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood
Published: June 2020

One of the most important problems of total hip replacement is aseptic loosening of the femoral component, which is related to the changes of the stress distribution pattern after implantation of the prosthesis. Stress shielding of the femur is recognized as a primary factor in aseptic loosening of hip replacements. Utilizing different materials is one of the ordinary solutions for that problem, but using functionally graded materials (FGMs) could be better than the conventional solutions. This research work aims at investigating different porous FGM implants and a real femoral bone by a 3D finite element method. The results show that a neutral functionally graded prosthesis cannot extraordinarily make changes in the stress pattern of bone and prosthesis, but an increasing functionally graded prosthesis leads a lower level of stress in the prosthesis, and a decreasing functionally graded prosthesis can properly reduce the stress shielding among these three architectures. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art bio-implants, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the design of porous femoral prostheses under normal walking loading conditions.
Sustainability Assessment for Manufacturing Operations
Authors: Saxena Prateek , Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Kechagias John , Salonitis Konstantinos
Published: June 2020

Sustainability is becoming more and more important as a decision attribute in the manufacturing environment. However, quantitative metrics for all the aspects of the triple bottom line are difficult to assess. Within the present paper, the sustainability metrics are considered in tandem with other traditional manufacturing metrics such as time, flexibility, and quality and a novel framework is presented that integrates information and requirements from Computer-Aided Technologies (CAx) systems. A novel tool is outlined for considering a number of key performance indicators related to the triple bottom line when deciding the most appropriate process route. The implemented system allows the assessment of alternative process plans considering the market demands and available resources.
Modelling of Polymeric Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers for Low-Medium Temperature Geothermal Applications
Authors: Ceglia Francesca , Macaluso Adriano , Marrasso Elisa , Sasso Maurizio , Vanoli Laura
Published: June 2020

Improvements in using geothermal sources can be attained through the installation of power plants taking advantage of low and medium enthalpy available in poorly exploited geothermal sites. Geothermal fluids at medium and low temperature could be considered to feed binary cycle power plants using organic fluids for electricity “production” or in cogeneration configuration. The improvement in the use of geothermal aquifers at low-medium enthalpy in small deep sites favours the reduction of drilling well costs, and in addition, it allows the exploitation of local resources in the energy districts. The heat exchanger evaporator enables the thermal heat exchange between the working fluid (which is commonly an organic fluid for an Organic Rankine Cycle) and the geothermal fluid (supplied by the aquifer). Thus, it has to be realised taking into account the thermodynamic proprieties and chemical composition of the geothermal field. The geothermal fluid is typically very aggressive, and it leads to the corrosion of steel traditionally used in the heat exchangers. This paper analyses the possibility of using plastic material in the constructions of the evaporator installed in an Organic Rankine Cycle plant in order to overcome the problems of corrosion and the increase of heat exchanger thermal resistance due to the fouling effect. A comparison among heat exchangers made of commonly used materials, such as carbon, steel, and titanium, with alternative polymeric materials has been carried out. This analysis has been built in a mathematical approach using the correlation referred to in the literature about heat transfer in single-phase and two-phase fluids in a tube and/or in the shell side. The outcomes provide the heat transfer area for the shell and tube heat exchanger with a fixed thermal power size. The results have demonstrated that the plastic evaporator shows an increase of 47.0% of the heat transfer area but an economic installation cost saving of 48.0% over the titanium evaporator.