bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Mechanism of Short Ethoxy Chain Nonylphenol Dehydrogenase Belonging to a Polyethylene Glycol Dehydrogenase Group in the GMC Oxidoreductase Family
Authors: Liu Xin , Ohta Takeshi , Kawabata Takeshi , Kawai Fusako
Published: January 2013

Ethoxy (EO) chain nonylphenol dehydrogenase (NPEO-DH) from Ensifer sp. AS08 and EO chain octylphenol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida share common molecular characteristics with polyethylene glycol (PEG) dehydrogenases (PEG-DH) and comprise a PEG-DH subgroup in the family of glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases that includes glucose/alcohol oxidase and glucose/choline dehydrogenase. Three-dimensional (3D) molecular modeling suggested that differences in the size, secondary structure and hydropathy in the active site caused differences in their substrate specificities toward EO chain alkylphenols and free PEGs. Based on 3D molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis was utilized to introduce mutations into potential catalytic residues of NPEO-DH. From steady state and rapid kinetic characterization of wild type and mutant NPEO-DHs, we can conclude that His465 and Asn507 are directly involved in the catalysis. Asn507 mediates the transfer of proton from a substrate to FAD and His465 transfers the same proton from the reduced flavin to an electron acceptor.
STRATEGIC NETWORKING IN THE TECHNICAL HEI‘S OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION
Authors: Nugaras Justas
Published: January 2013

This paper presents the results of the empirical research of the networking of Technical Higher Education Institutions (HEI‘S) of the Baltic Sea region. The research was conducted in order to understand how the Social Network Analysis (SNA) and network mapping methods could help to strengthen institution’s strategic perspective through networking. The author analyse the interaction phenomena in the Higher education sector; its’ impact for networking of institutions and for the network itself; the role of the position in the networks; abilities to strengthen the node’s perception of the network for the strategizing purposes. The research was based on the SNA of the Erasmus programme student mobility data. The results of the research cover the implications of aspects of the network centrality, clustering and ego networks let to identify the node’s position in the network, and to understand surrounding network. The research disclosed that the SNA could be applied in supporting the strategizing process by: increasing of understanding of embedded networks, having more realistic network picture, also could be used as supplement evaluation and development planning method for the relationships portfolio management for HEI’s.
LIQUIDITY ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE AND TRADITIONAL BUSINESSES IN POLAND
Authors: Bolek Monika , Grosicki Bartosz
Published: January 2013

This paper analyzes the liquidity of Polish non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, dividing them into two groups: companies with the intangible to fixed assets ratio higher than the median, deemed to be innovative businesses, and companies with the intangible to fixed assets ratio lower than the median, deemed to be traditional businesses. Our results show that liquidity management is different in these two groups when analyzing the cash conversion cycle, the current and quick ratios, and liquid assets. The authors use data representing the Polish economy on the assumption that it can be considered a model one for other developing countries. Poland is at the beginning of this road, completing its systemic transformation after 20 years of efforts, as society has been building an innovation-based economy. Skills in the field of financial management will have to be developed as data analysis described in this paper reveals poor liquidity management. The authors will follow the development of the Polish economy (called a European tiger) to show how it has changed over time.
REALITIES OF WORK LIFE BALANCE IN NIGERIA: PERCEPTIONS OF ROLE CONFLICT AND COPING BELIEFS
Authors: Akanji Babatunde
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of Work-Life Balance (WLB) practices in a developing nation of Nigeria. Evidently, on the threshold of widened globalization propensities, work-life research is beginning to spread outside the western context. Thus, a qualitative approach was employed by conducting 61 in-depth interviews with Nigerian employees (41 women and 20 men) working in frontline employments in the banking, telecommunications and insurance sectors about their perceptions of WLB. The findings showed that though conflict situations existed more than work-family enrichment, but under different circumstances due to the long legacy of national challenges facing Nigeria. The apparent role conflicts have generated various coping strategies adapted by participants of study to moderate their perceived work-life conflict and this paper seeks to add to the compendium of WLB discourse on a global scale by examining key barriers detected to hinder its workable practices in Nigeria.
STOCK PRICE SEASONALITY EFFECT AND TRADING STRATEGY – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SELECTED IT COMPANIES IN INDIA
Authors: Debasish Sathya Swaroop
Published: January 2013

The primary objective of the study is to investigate the existence of seasonality in stock price behavior in Indian stock market and more specifically in the IT sector. The period of the study is from 3rd November 1994 to 31st December 2010. The study has employed daily price series of selected seven IT companies obtained from the official website of National Stock Exchange (NSE). The study used multiple regression technique to examine the significance of the regression coefficient for investigating day of week effects and week of the month effect, and Kruskal Wallis for analysis of trading strategy. It is found that all the seven selected IT companies evidenced day of the week effect and mostly either on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday. Only Patni and Wipro evidenced significant Thursday effect. Similarly, evidence on week of month effect mostly either on 1st week, 2nd week or 3rd week. This implies that active portfolio management taking into account the findings will provide superior returns on investment in the IT sector in India.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTION IN THE VILNIA RIVER / PAGRINDINIŲ VANDENS UŽTERŠTUMO VILNIOS UPĖJE CHARAKTERISTIKŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Margenytė Laura , Tomaševskis Eduardas , Zigmontienė Aušra
Published: January 2013

The article discusses pollution characteristics in natural waters and reasons for fluctuations in their levels of surface waters. The samples were collected in the city and region of Vilnius, i.e. the places where industry objects that may affect the quality of surface water bodies are mainly erected. The obtained results have revealed that the highest demand for biochemical oxygen (BOD) in the Vilnia river over the whole period have reached 32.3 mg/l in June, for dissolved oxygen (O2) –10.63 mg/l O2 in winter and for the concentration of suspended solids (SS) –53.44 mg/l in April. The results of the annual main concentration characteristics of pollution in the Vilnia river over the investigation period have been compared with assessment criteria for evaluating an ecological status of water.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje aptariamos pagrindinės vandens užterštumo charakteristikos: skendinčiosios medžiagos, ištirpęs deguonies kiekis bei biocheminio deguonies suvartojimo (BDS) gamtiniuose vandens telkiniuose priežastys, kurios lemia šių medžiagų koncentracijų kiekių svyravimus. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjama šių charakteristikų paviršiniuose vandens telkiniuose šaltuoju metų laikotarpiu Vilnios upėje kaita. Mėginiai buvo imami tose Vilniaus miesto bei Vilniaus rajono vietose, kur yra susitelkę pramonės objektai, kurie savo antropogenine veikla daro įtaką paviršiniams vandens telkiniams. Per visą tiriamąjį laikotarpį iš visų atliktų tyrimų skaičiaus nustatyta, jog biocheminio deguonies koncentracija šiltuoju metų laikotarpiu didžiausia birželio mėnesį – 32,3 mg/l, ištirpusio deguonies kiekis (O2) žiemą – 10,63 mg/l O2, skendinčiųjų medžiagų koncentracija (SM) balandžio mėnesį – 53,44 mg/l. Gautos metinės tiriamojo laikotarpio pagrindinių užterštumo charakteristikų koncentracijos Vilnios upėje lyginamos su ekologinės būklės vertinimo kriterijais.
RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF THE ENERGY FLUX DENSITY OF THE MOBILE PHONE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD / MOBILIŲJŲ TELEFONŲ ELEKTROMAGNETINIO LAUKO ENERGIJOS SRAUTO TANKIO TYRIMAI IR ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Baltrėnas Pranas , Buckus Raimondas
Published: January 2013

The article analyses variations in the energy flux density of the electromagnetic field of 10 mobile phones depending on distance. The studies have been conducted using three modes: sending a text message, receiving a text message and connecting a mobile phone to the Internet. When text messages are received or sent from a mobile phone, the values of the energy flux density of the mobile phone electromagnetic field exceed the safe allowable limit and make 10 μW / cm². A distance of 10, 20 and 30 cm from a mobile phone is effective protection against the energy flux density of the electromagnetic field when writing texts, receiving messages or connecting to the mobile Internet. Santrauka Nagrinėjami 10 mobiliųjų telefonų elektromagnetinių laukų energijos srauto tankio kitimai priklausomai nuo atstumo. Tyrimai atliekami, kai iš mobiliojo telefono siunčiamas SMS, kai į mobilųjį telefoną yra siunčiamas SMS iš kito mobiliojo telefono, kai mobilusis telefonas jungiamas prie mobiliojo interneto. Mobiliųjų telefonų elektromagnetinio lauko energijos srauto tankio vertės, kai iš mobiliojo telefono siunčiamas ar gaunamas SMS, viršija saugią leistiną 10 µW/cm² normą. 10, 20, 30 cm atstumas nuo mobiliojo telefono – tinkama apsauga nuo elektromagnetinio lauko energijos srauto tankio viršijimo rašant ar gaunant SMS žinutes, jungiantis prie mobiliojo interneto. Mobiliųjų telefonų elektromagnetinių laukų energijos srauto tankio priklausomybė nuo atstumo pateikiama grafikais.
ANALYSIS OF THE THERMODYNAMICAL EFFICIENCY OF AN AIR HANDLING UNIT WITH A HEAT PUMP / VĖDINIMO ĮRENGINIO SU ŠILUMOS SIURBLIU TERMODINAMINIO EFEKTYVUMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Martinaitis Vytautas , Bareika Paulius , Misevičiūtė Violeta
Published: January 2013

This paper evaluates the seasonal thermodynamic efficiency of the air-to-air heat pump used for a heat recovery ventilation system and several modulations of compressors affecting the thermodynamic efficiency of the heat pump. A variable speed and on/off-type compressors have been selected. In order to evaluate the thermodynamic potential of the device, energy analysis has been performed. Along with modelling the operation of the air handling unit during the cold time of the year, variations in the thermodynamic efficiency or different modulation compressors have been compared. The obtained results have shown that the use of a few simple compressors causes a decrease in the seasonal parameters of the heat pump: heat generated by a condenser is 5% lower compared to the use of variable speed compressors and therefore the seasonal coefficient of the performance (COP) of the heat pump decreases by 5%. Possible improvement on the heat pump can be provided changing the compressor into variable speed or modulatory equipment, which allows adjusting to heat demand and thus increases the seasonal efficiency of the system from a thermodynamic point of view.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje vertinamas oras-oras šilumos siurblio, naudojamo vėdinimo sistemos šilumogrąžai, sezoninis termodinaminis naudingumas ir kelios kompresorių, turinčių įtakos termodinaminiam šilumos siurblio naudingumui, moduliacijos. Analizei pasirinkti kintamo greičio ir įjungiamo / išjungiamo tipo kompresoriai. Siekiant įvertinti įrenginio termodinaminį potencialą atliekama ekserginė analizė. Modeliuojant vėdinimo įrenginio veikimą šaltuoju metų laiku, lyginama, kaip kinta skirtingų moduliacijų kompresorių termodinaminis naudingumas. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad naudojant kelis paprastus kompresorius sezoniniai šilumos siurblio parametrai krenta: kondensatoriaus atiduodamas šilumos srautas yra 5 % mažesnis, lyginant su kintamo veikimo kompresorių naudojimu, be to, 5 % sumažėja sezoninis šilumos siurblio efektyvumo koeficientas (COP). Šilumos siurblį galima tobulinti kompresorių keičiant į kintamo greičio arba moduliacinį, kuris leistų prisitaikyti prie šilumos poreikio ir tokiu būdu termodinaminiu požiūriu pagerintų sezoninį sistemos efektyvumą.
THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR PREPARING DOMESTIC HOT WATER IN A MULTI-STOREY BUILDING / SAULĖS ENERGIJOS PANAUDOJIMAS KARŠTAM VANDENIUI RUOŠTI DAUGIABUČIAME NAME
Authors: Šiupšinskas Giedrius , Adomėnaitė Solveiga
Published: January 2013

The article analyses the possibilities of solar collectors used for a domestic hot water system and installed on the roofs of modernized multi-storey buildings under the existing climate conditions. A number of combinations of flat plate and vacuum solar collectors with accumulation tank systems of various sizes have been examined. Heat from the district heating system is used as an additional heat source for preparing domestic hot water. The paper compares calculation results of energy and economy regarding the combinations of flat plate and vacuum solar collectors and the size of the accumulation tank. The influence of variations in the main indicators on the final economic results has also been evaluated. Research has been supported applying EC FP7 CONCERTO program (‘‘Sustainable Zero Carbon ECO-Town Developments Improving Quality of Life across EU - ECO-Life’’ (ECO-Life Project) Contract No. TREN/FP7EN/239497/”ECOLIFE”). Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojamos saulės kolektorių, skirtų karšto vandentiekio sistemai ant modernizuojamų daugiabučių namų stogų įrengti esamomis klimatinėmis sąlygomis galimybės. Nagrinėjamos įvairaus dydžio plokščiųjų ir vakuuminių saulės kolektorių su akumuliacinėmis talpyklomis sistemų kombinacijos. Kaip papildomas šilumos šaltinis karštam vandeniui pašildyti naudojama iš centralizuotų šilumos tinklų tiekiama šiluma. Lyginami plokščiųjų, vakuuminių saulės kolektorių ir akumuliacinio bako dydžio kombinacijų energinių ir ekonominių skaičiavimų rezultatai. Įvertinama kai kurių esminių rodiklių pokyčių įtaka galutiniams ekonominiams rodikliams.
CHANGES IN ENERGY DEMAND FOR A PARTIALLY GLAZED GREENHOUSE / ENERGIJOS POREIKIŲ KITIMAS IŠ DALIES ĮSTIKLINTAME ŠILTNAMYJE
Authors: Vitkauskaitė Rasa , Paulauskaitė Sabina
Published: January 2013

The article analyzes changes in energy demand for a greenhouse. The worked out solution to the construction of the building is a partially glazed greenhouse having a glazed roof and open vertical barriers. Design Builder software has been applied for analytical calculations and greenhouse modelling as well as for introducing changes in annual energy demand and establishing temperature variations and regime. The paper reviews the obtained results and diagrams, performs analysis and draws conclusions.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas energijos poreikių kitimas šiltnamyje. Pasirinktas šiltnamio konstrukcinis sprendimas – iš dalies įstiklintas šiltnamis. Tai toks šiltnamio variantas, kai įstiklintas statinio stogas, o vertikalios atitvaros neįstiklintos. Atlikti analitiniai skaičiavimai ir šiltnamis sumodeliuotas programa DesignBuilder. Nagrinėtas energijos poreikių kitimas per metus, temperatūrų kitimas, patalpų temperatūros režimas, naudojant minėtą kompiuterinę programą. Apžvelgti gauti rezultatai, diagramos, atlikta analizė, padarytos išvados.
Le retour dans le roman français de la Retirada
Authors: Sagnes Sylvie
Published: January 2013

Résumé Depuis une dizaine d’années, le roman de mémoire participe de l’effervescence mémorielle dont la Retirada fait l’objet en France. Loin de ne faire œuvre que de témoins et d’historiens, les auteurs s’efforcent de proposer un modèle de bonne mémoire. Vu la nocivité qu’ils prêtent à la mémoire de l’exode, le dessein tient de la gageure. Ils y réussissent pourtant, fondant la possibilité d’une normalisation sur diverses formes de retour qui, toutes à leur façon, ouvrent la voie à la nostalgie.
Performing Absences. Seasonal Returns in South Albanian Villages
Authors: Pistrick Eckehard
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article se propose de développer une « anthropologie de l’absence » à propos de la migration, notamment à partir de différentes scènes sociales : les fêtes de village revitalisées, les noces et les funérailles. De tels événements auxquels participent les migrants qui retournent au village natal se caractérisent par une ambiguïté émotionnelle particulière et un processus dynamique de nostalgie qui à la fois emprisonne et libère. En même temps, le sens de l’absence est nourri de discours à propos des racines, de la tradition et de l’espace fondateur.
La douleur, du corps à la psyché
Authors: Guillaume Jean-Claude
Published: January 2013

Résumé La souffrance corporelle nous confronte, quand elle est massive, à l’impensable. Le clivage protecteur pour la psyché qui maintient dans le corps les turbulences primitives fait obstacle à l’élaboration, et contraint l’analyste, saisi comme objet concret, à maintenir active sa fonction de pensée, durement malmenée, en alliance avec les parties saines de son patient.
Le corps et l'inconscient chez l'enfant
Authors: Joly Fabien
Published: January 2013

Résumé Le corporel a toujours eu en psychanalyse des odeurs de soufre... le plus souvent appréhendé d’un regard chargé de suspicions, gros de l’interdit du toucher, du brûlot de l’excitation et du pulsionnel débridés, du risque de l’acting et d’un évitement de la pensée, des ombres d’un rabattement sur le fonctionnel, l’auto-conservatif ou le réadaptatif, assez loin de la liberté du sujet psychique et des logiques de l’inconscient. Et quand la théorie analytique a enfin tenté de s’en saisir ce fut du bout des doigts, au seul niveau des « trous du corps » et des diverses fonctions sphincters, au niveau de l’enveloppe signifiante et des traces sur la peau, au plan d’un support de métaphorisation et de représentance pour le moi, ou d’une équivalence archaïque d’une sorte de langage du corps, d’une expressivité du non-verbal alors revisitée sous l’angle d’un message d’avant la parole. On est ensuite frappé que quand le corps a enfin droit de citer c’est le plus souvent dans un dualisme affirmé et assez hiérarchisé et sous l’incidence des liens descendants de la psyché vers le corps. La flèche retour qui irait du corps à la psyché, et la prise en compte des expressions psychiques de certaines souffrances corporelles (douleurs, handicap, troubles du développement, faillite psychomotrice, etc.) ne retiennent guère l’attention des analystes. Et que dire des sources corporelles de la vie d’âme, de l’épaisseur de la chair et du tonus, des enjeux de la motricité ou du sensoriel et des expériences du corps à corps, tellement plus difficiles à appréhender. Nous proposons ici un essai, voire des balbutiements métapsychologiques pour appréhender ou donner les linéaments d’une théorie analytique du corps-en-relation qui intègre les voies plurielles du corps vers la psyché et de la psyché vers le corps, mieux encore du complexe corps/psyché de l’un vers le complexe corps/psyché de l’autre, car aucun enjeu psychique ne peut s’appréhender sans le recours à la psyché de l’autre... elle-même éminemment corporelle !
La palette d'Hippocrate. Impressions chromatiques sur La Mounine de Francis Ponge
Authors: Chalmin Ronan Y.
Published: January 2013

Résumé La Mounine , d’abord paysage puis poème, est le moment d’une congestion. Congestion du ciel de Provence un matin, au lieu-dit « La Mounine » ; congestion de l’écriture dans ce cahier ouvert par Francis Ponge peu de temps après et publié dans La Rage de l’expression . Rage de l’expression en effet, puisque Ponge n’y arrive pas. Maintes fois recommencée, l’œuvre progresse avec peine, cherche sa propre fluidité, comme ce ciel provençal victime d’occlusion. Finalement, tout ici est affaire d’eau, de liquide, d’humeur. Ponge le poète devient peintre humoral, et se saisit de la palette d’Hippocrate pour tenter de croquer ce bout de ciel qui lui résiste.
Science critique et conscience d'auteur : Proust à l'épreuve
Authors: Loehr Joël
Published: January 2013

Résumé La critique moderne a mis l’accent sur des discordances ou des conflits entre les deux « côtés » de la Recherche  : le versant spéculatif et le versant romanesque. Une option (la plus généralement suivie jusqu’ici) consiste à en accuser Proust lui-même, au risque de disqualifier jusqu’à sa conscience d’auteur. Une autre option (ouverte par Dorrit Cohn et que nous mettons à l’épreuve) consisterait à imputer au narrateur les doctrines surannées et les dogmes datés auxquels le récit de vie apporte un démenti formel, et à sauvegarder ainsi « l’intégrité esthétique » de l’œuvre de Proust.
Patent-Free Innovation
Authors: Foray Dominique
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article est inspiré par l’observation du changement massif d’opinions de la part des économistes quant à l’efficience du mécanisme des brevets en tant que solution proposée au problème d’imparfaite appropriabilité des inventions et du savoir. Ce changement d’opinions est premièrement dû aux observations empiriques des dysfonctionnements du système des brevets, conduisant à des situations où la façon dont les droits de propriété intellectuelle sont utilisés crée plus d’obstacles à l’innovation qu’ils n’en éliminent. Mais ce changement d’opinions est aussi lié à l’observation que dans de nombreuses situations, l’innovation semble ne pas avoir besoin de recourir au brevet pour proliférer. C’est à ces derniers travaux que cet article est consacré. Il examine tout d’abord les travaux d’économie de l’innovation, de management de la technologie et d’économie historique qui étudient des systèmes d’innovation dans lesquels l’absence de propriété intellectuelle ou son affaiblissement ne semblent pas affecter les capacités d’invention. Il porte ensuite sur les travaux théoriques qui explorent les conditions dans lesquelles un marché concurrentiel peut être caractérisé par des propriétés optimales d’allocation de ressources dans le domaine du savoir et de l’innovation. Enfin, il présente un travail d’économie expérimentale qui tente de reproduire un processus d’innovation en laboratoire pour étudier les mérites respectifs de différentes institutions – brevet ou marché – dans leur capacité à stimuler l’innovation. JEL Code: O31; O34
What's Intellectual Property Good for?
Authors: Boldrin Michele , Levine David K.
Published: January 2013

Résumé La controverse sur les droits de propriété intellectuelle (brevets et droits d’auteur) est là pour durer. L’accumulation régulière de données empiriques mettant en doute les bénéfices supposés des droits de propriété intellectuelle pour l’innovation et la créativité conduit un nombre croissant de chercheurs à questionner les idées reçues. Nous avons œuvré en ce sens depuis longtemps, et les recherches récentes semblent justifier à la fois notre analyse et les prédictions que nous avons faites dans ce domaine. En particulier, il devient évident que le renforcement continu des droits de propriété intellectuelle ne provoque pas d’augmentation du taux de l’innovation ni du taux de croissance dans la productivité du travail mais, au contraire, il génère des coûts de transactions et de protection juridique croissants qui réduisent le taux de l’activité inventive. Il est aussi clair que les nombreuses critiques élevées contre les arguments développés dans notre livre Against Intellectual Monopoly tiennent soit d’une compréhension limitée de notre théorie, soit d’une lecture superficielle du livre auquel des intentions sont prêtées de manière erronée. Nous débattrons d’abord des thèmes les plus importants puis de questions les plus à la mode parmi ces critiques, en montrant que, dans presque tous les cas, elles manquent sérieusement de pertinence. Nous conclurons en soulignant qu’à l’instar du cas du libre-échange, l’opposition au monopole intellectuel est solide à la fois en termes de théorie économique et de preuves empiriques, mais elle doit être construite patiemment dans l’arène de l’économie politique car le lobbying, soutenant le système actuel des droits de propriété intellectuelle, est toujours puissant et capable de dominer le débat dans l’arène publique. JEL Code: D41, D42, O3, O4.
Seeds Without Patents
Authors: Charnley Berris
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les domaines de l’innovation dans lesquels les brevets ne pouvaient pas être utilisés ou ne l’étaient pas constituent un défi pour les historiens. D’une part, le cas de l’innovation sans brevet semble montrer que, contrairement aux conceptions traditionnelles, obtenir des brevets n’est pas la seule motivation pour ceux qui innovent. D’autre part, divers exemples révèlent une diversité de stratégies alternatives par lesquelles les inventeurs ont cherché à protéger leurs compétences pour rentabiliser leur travail. À partir de trois cas d’étude dans l’histoire de la production végétale en Grande-Bretagne durant le long xix e siècle, cet article conforte, d’une manière générale, les relectures faites des brevets et de l’innovation, tout en jetant une lumière nouvelle sur une communauté spécifique d’innovateurs qui ont cherché à rémunérer par leur activité. Deux conclusions se dégagent. L’une est que, pendant cette période, la science a joué un rôle important dans les efforts des producteurs d’espèces végétales britanniques pour ajouter à la valeur des variétés. L’autre est que la science pouvait jouer ce rôle seulement grâce à une économie morale préexistante chez les producteurs. JEL Code: O34, N50
The Development of Short Message Services
Authors: Corrocher Nicoletta
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’article examine le rôle des organismes de normalisation comme moteurs de l’innovation. Il étudie l’émergence et l’évolution du sms . L’analyse empirique précise les informations recueillies auprès d’une série d’entrevues réalisées avec les membres des comités de normalisation en charge des services non-voix dans le système mondial de communications mobiles ( gsm ), et du procès-verbal des réunions où le développement du sms a été discuté. L’objectif est de comprendre les caractéristiques du processus d’invention coopérative qui sous-tend le développement d’un des rares succès commerciaux entre les services non-voix de télécommunication mobile, afin d’évaluer l’importance des organismes de normalisation comme moteurs de l’innovation. JEL Code: O34, L96
Squamous cell carcinoma lung: Presented with bilateral lower limb deep venous thrombosis with gangrene formation
Authors: Saha Kaushik , Sengupta Amitabha , Patra Anupam , Jash Debraj
Published: January 2013

Bilateral venous thrombosis due to underlying malignancy is a rare entity. It is worthy to search for malignancy in patients of bilateral venous gangrene. Our patient presented with severe bilateral leg pain as a result of venous gangrene. There was associated left sided massive pleural effusion with scalp nodule. Fine needle aspiration cytology of scalp nodule revealed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and fiber optic bronchoscopy guided biopsy from growth at left upper lobe bronchus confirmed the case as squamous cell carcinoma lung. It was rare for squamous cell carcinoma lung to present as bilateral venous gangrene with anticardiolipin antibody negative.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Rare presentation of a rare disease
Authors: Khalid Saifullah , Zaheer Sufian , Zaheer Samreen , Ahmad Ibne , Khalid Mohd
Published: January 2013

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic renal infection of unknown pathogenesis characterized by replacement of renal parenchyma by lipid filled macrophages frequently associated with an enlarged, non-functioning kidney and an obstructing calculus. We report a case of a 45 year old non diabetic female who presented with gradually enlarging renal mass with extensive retroperitoneal involvement and a non-functioning kidney with no evidence of obstructing stone or fat density and simulating malignancy. She was diagnosed as stage III Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and managed with radical nephrectomy with favourable outcome.
Anterior mediastinal masses: A study of 50 cases by fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy as a diagnostic procedure
Authors: Nasit Jitendra G. , Patel Maulin , Parikh Biren , Shah Manoj , Davara Kajal
Published: January 2013

Background: Mediastinal tumors are an uncommon abnormalities found in clinical practice. Anterior mediastinum is the common site and tissue diagnoses of anterior mediastinal masses (AMMs) are very important for correct therapeutic decision. Objective: We evaluate the different malignant AMMs in various age groups and the sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB). Cytology smears are reviewed with particular emphasis on pitfalls in the cytological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 patients who were consulted for AMMs and underwent FNAC and CNB under guidance of ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan from 2006 to 2011. Cytology smears and histological sections were evaluated in all patients. Results: Among 50 cases, 36 were male and 14 were female. Most AMMs (52%) were identified in the fifth and sixth decades of life. Metastatic carcinoma and nonHodgkin′s lymphoma are the common AMMs. Adequate tissue material was obtained in 49 of 50 cases by CNB. Of these 49 patients, 35 (71.42%) cases were diagnosed correctly by FNAC, whereas 14 (28.57%) cases were not diagnosed definitely by FNAC. The sensitivity of CNB for AMMs was 97.95%, significantly higher than FNAC (71.42%) ( P < 0.05). CNB had statistically significant higher diagnostic rate than FNAC in the noncarcinoma group (100% versus 62.96%) ( P < 0.05). There is no significant difference of CNB and FNAC in carcinoma group ( P > 0.05). Diagnostic rate of FNAC was higher for carcinomatous lesions (81.81%) than for noncarcinomatous lesions (62.96%). Conclusion: Ultrasound or CT scan-guided CNB in combination with FNAC are safe, minimally invasive, and cost-effective procedure, which can provide a precise diagnosis in the AMMs, and may obviate the need for invasive surgical approach. FNAC usually suffice for carcinomatous lesions but CNB should be performed whenever the diagnosis of carcinoma is equivocal or noncarcinoma lesions are suspected.
Dose prediction accuracy of anisotropic analytical algorithm and pencil beam convolution algorithm beyond high density heterogeneity interface
Authors: Rana Suresh B.
Published: January 2013

Purpose: It is well known that photon beam radiation therapy requires dose calculation algorithms. The objective of this study was to measure and assess the ability of pencil beam convolution (PBC) and anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) to predict doses beyond high density heterogeneity. Materials and Methods: An inhomogeneous phantom of five layers was created in Eclipse planning system (version 8.6.15). Each layer of phantom was assigned in terms of water (first or top), air (second), water (third), bone (fourth), and water (fifth or bottom) medium. Depth doses in water (bottom medium) were calculated for 100 monitor units (MUs) with 6 Megavoltage (MV) photon beam for different field sizes using AAA and PBC with heterogeneity correction. Combinations of solid water, Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), and Styrofoam were then manufactured to mimic phantoms and doses for 100 MUs were acquired with cylindrical ionization chamber at selected depths beyond high density heterogeneity interface. The measured and calculated depth doses were then compared. Results: AAA′s values had better agreement with measurements at all measured depths. Dose overestimation by AAA (up to 5.3%) and by PBC (up to 6.7%) was found to be higher in proximity to the high-density heterogeneity interface, and the dose discrepancies were more pronounced for larger field sizes. The errors in dose estimation by AAA and PBC may be due to improper beam modeling of primary beam attenuation or lateral scatter contributions or combination of both in heterogeneous media that include low and high density materials. Conclusions: AAA is more accurate than PBC for dose calculations in treating deep-seated tumor beyond high-density heterogeneity interface.
Different fractionation schedules of radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck malignancy: A prospective randomized study to compare the results of treatment and toxicities of different protocols
Authors: Majumder Dipanjan , Choudhury Kakali , Das Pabitra , Kundu Suvrokanti , Mitra Debabrata
Published: January 2013

Context: Altered fractionated radiotherapy may have better result than conventional radiotherapy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy to treat locally advanced head and neck cancers. Aims: Evaluation of the response and toxicities in different fractionated radiotherapy schedules in locally advanced head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty four histologically proved patients of locally advanced head and neck cancer were included in the study according to protocol and were randomized into three arms. Arm A (n = 21) received 66 Gy in 33 fractions (5 fractions/week from Monday to Friday) single fraction daily in 6½ weeks along with concomitant chemotherapy (injection Cisplatin 30 mg/m 2 intravenous once weekly) for 6 weeks. Arm B (n = 21) received 66 Gy in 33 fractions (6 fractions per week) single fraction daily in 5½ weeks, and arm C ( n = 22) received late hyperfractionation after 3 weeks; 30 Gy in 15 fractions in 3 weeks followed by 1.4 Gy twice daily (time gap between 2 fractions were 6 hours) for 15 days with a total of 72 Gy in 6 weeks. Response to treatment, compliance, and toxicities were compared in all the three arms. Statistical Analysis Used: Frequency table and chi square tests done. Results: Baseline data were comparable in all the three arms. Complete response in arm A, arm B, and arm C were 15%, 26.315%, and 23.81%, respectively ( P = 0.339). Grade 1 Neutropenia in arm A was 15%, arm B was 26.32%, and arm C was nil (P = 0.0486). Conclusion: Altered fractionation and concurrent chemoradiation showed similar response with comparable acute toxicities except nutropenia, which was significantly higher in arm B.
Challenges in launching multinational oncology clinical trials in India
Authors: Saini Kamal S. , Agarwal Gaurav , Jagannathan Ramesh , Metzger-Filho Otto , Saini Monika L , Mistry Khurshid , Ali Raghib , Gupta Sudeep
Published: January 2013

In the recent past, there has been an impressive growth in the number of clinical trials launched worldwide, including India. Participation in well-designed oncology clinical trials is of advantage to Indian healthcare system in general, and cancer patients in particular. However, the number of clinical trials being run in India is not commensurate with the cancer burden prevailing in the country. In this article, the authors investigate the reasons for this discrepancy, highlight critical bottlenecks, and propose ways to ameliorate the situation.
PREPACT 2.0: Predicting C-to-U and U-to-C RNA Editing in Organelle Genome Sequences with Multiple References and Curated RNA Editing Annotation
Authors: Lenz Henning , Knoop Volker
Published: January 2013

RNA editing is vast in some genetic systems, with up to thousands of targeted C-to-U and U-to-C substitutions in mitochondria and chloroplasts of certain plants. Efficient prognoses of RNA editing in organelle genomes will help to reveal overlooked cases of editing. We present PREPACT 2.0 ( http://www.prepact.de ) with numerous enhancements of our previously developed Plant RNA Editing Prediction & Analysis Computer Tool. Reference organelle transcriptomes for editing prediction have been extended and reorganized to include 19 curated mitochondrial and 13 chloroplast genomes, now allowing to distinguish RNA editing sites from “pre-edited” sites. Queries may be run against multiple references and a new “commons” function identifies and highlights orthologous candidate editing sites congruently predicted by multiple references. Enhancements to the BLASTX mode in PREPACT 2.0 allow querying of complete novel organelle genomes within a few minutes, identifying protein genes and candidate RNA editing sites simultaneously without prior user analyses.
Effects of food concentration on egg production and feeding rates of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae
Authors: Zamora-Terol Sara , Saiz Enric
Published: January 2013

Experiments to determine egg production and feeding rates of Oithona davisae were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. From copepodite IV stage on, the animals were fed the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina in a wide range of concentrations (from 10 µg C L−1to 286 µg C L−1), and adult females were daily monitored to study different aspects of their fecundity. Both clutch and egg‐production rate increased with food concentration, with values from 8 to 20 eggs for the clutch size, and from 1.8 eggs to 6.3 eggs female−1 d−1 for the egg production. In addition, to assess the efficiency of conversion of food intake into egg mass, two feeding experiments were conducted. Maximum weight‐specific ingestion rates (≈ 80% body C d−1) and the egg‐production efficiency (16%) were lower than those reported for free‐spawning calanoid copepods. The fact that satiating food concentrations for feeding and egg production of adult females of Oithona davisae were rather low suggests an adaptation to exploit oligotrophic environments, and might explain the ecological success of the genus in situations when food becomes limiting for other groups of copepods.
Caries Status of Children and Oral Health Behavior, Knowledge and Attitude of Their Mothers and Schoolteachers in Mathura City
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Haloi Ramen , Ingle Navin Anand
Published: January 2013

Aim

The study was undertaken to assess the caries status in children of 1st (6 years) and 6th grade (12 years) and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of mothers and schoolteachers in Mathura city.

Materials and Methods

A total of 872 mothers, 140 schoolteachers, 500 children of grade I and 500 children of grade VI participated in the study. Clinical examinations of grades I and grade VI children were performed. Data on mothers and teachers were collected through personal interviews and selfadministered questionnaires respectively. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

At the age of 6 and 12, the mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index was 2.4 and 1.3 respectively. Mothers showed a fair level of knowledge (74.9%) and favorable attitude (70.6%), while maximum schoolteachers showed a good level of knowledge (67.9%) and favorable attitude (57.1%) toward oral health. Schoolteachers, dentists and television were found to be the most important source of dental health information among the schoolteachers and mothers.

Conclusion

It is concluded from the study that oral health knowledge of mothers and teachers were found to be fair and good respectively. The schoolteachers knew about the poor dental conditions in children and wanted to become involved in oral health education. Training of the teachers should aim at improving their level of knowledge on oral health.

How to cite this article

Haloi R, Ingle NA, Kaur N. Caries Status of Children and Oral Health Behavior, Knowledge and Attitude of Their Mothers and Schoolteachers in Mathura City. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(3):78-83.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Halitosis: An Overview
Authors: Kini Vineet , Kanagotagi Sachin , Padhye Ashvini , Pathak Tushar , Gupta Himani
Published: January 2013

‘Halitosis’ or bad breath is an unpleasant problem that affects people socially and psychologically. Halitosis is caused by a mixture of breath with malodorous compounds emanating from different areas of the oral cavity, respiratory tract and upper digestive tracts.

Breath odor research captured the scientific community's attention during the last few decades. This has led to advances in analytical instruments used for identification and measurement of these malodorous compounds. The dental profession's response to the problem of halitosis has been met with hurdles in regards therapy often due to perceptive differences of the patient. This review attempts to highlight the identification, classification, diagnosis and treatment of halitosis.

How to cite this article

Kini VV, Pereira R, Padhye A, Kanagotagi S, Pathak T, Gupta H. Diagnosis and Treatment of Halitosis: An Overview. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(3):89-95.
Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Galinde Jyotsna , Vaidya Sushrut , Sidana Sunil , Natrajan Srivalli
Published: January 2013

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor but rare in the head and neck region because of intramembranous origin of craniofacial bones. In the head and neck it occurs most commonly at tip of coronoid or condylar process. Clinically features can mimic condylar hyperplasia. This case report adds to the growing knowledge about this rare tumor.

How to cite this article

Vaidya S, Sidana S, Galinde J, Natrajan S. Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Condyle. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(3):106-108.
Influence of Adhesive Wear and Thermal Degradation on the Frictional Characteristics of Paper-Based Friction
Materials: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ompusunggu Agusmian Partogi , Sas Paul , Van Brussel Hendrik
Published: January 2013

This paper discusses the effects of adhesive wear and thermal degradation
on the dry frictional characteristics of paper-based friction materials against
steel material. Some commercial paper-based friction materials typically used
for clutch applications were subjected to adhesive wear and thermal degradation
and the dry frictional characteristics were then measured at different
states on a rotational tribometer. The experimental results reveal that both
adhesive wear and thermal degradation have opposite effects on the frictional
characteristics, where the static and kinetic coefficients of friction increase due
to adhesive wear but decrease due to thermal degradation.
Energy Efficiency Investments in the Home: Swiss Homeowners and Expectations about Future Energy Prices
Authors: Alberini Anna , Banfi Silvia , Ramseier Celine
Published: January 2013

Using conjoint choice experiments, we surveyed 473 Swiss homeowners about their preferences for energy efficiency home renovations. We find that homeowners are responsive to the upfront costs of the renovation projects, government-offered rebates, savings in energy expenses, time horizon over which such savings would be realized, and thermal comfort improvement. The implicit discount rate is low, ranging from 1.5 to 3%, depending on model specification. This is consistent with Hassett and Metcalf (1993) and Metcalf and Rosenthal (1995), and with the fact that our scenarios contain no uncertainty. Respondents who feel completely uncertain about future energy prices are more likely to select the status quo (no renovations) in any given choice task and weight the costs of the investments more heavily than the financial gains (subsidies and savings on the energy bills). Renovations are more likely when respondents believe that climate change considerations are important determinants of home renovations.
Technology Diffusion and Environmental Regulation: The Adoption of Scrubbers by Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Frey Elaine F.
Published: January 2013

Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments implemented a pollution permit system for sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions that departs from state command-and-control regulations that were in place prior to and during its implementation. This paper develops a technology diffusion model, relying on rank effects or firm heterogeneity, to explain the adoption of scrubbers, a SO2 abatement technology. Using survival analysis, empirical results show that generating units regulated under Phase I of Title IV, units facing more stringent state regulations, and units with low expected installation costs are much more likely to install a scrubber. In addition, there is evidence of positive scale effects of adoption, meaning larger units are more likely to adopt because expected installation costs are lower. Tradable permit systems should give firms more flexibility in choosing abatement technologies, but results show that when command-and-control regulations overlap with a market-based system, the technology choice is restricted.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5547/01956574.34.1.8
Oil Price Volatility and Bilateral Trade
Authors: Chen Shiu-Sheng , Hsu Kai-Wei
Published: January 2013

This paper examines whether oil price volatility affects bilateral trade between two countries around the world. Using the gravity econometric model with 1,995 country-pairs covering 117 countries from 1984 to 2009, the empirical results suggest that oil price fluctuations significantly decrease bilateral trade volumes. The negative impact is more prominent the greater the distance between the two trading countries. As geographical distance is one of the measures of transport cost, our results also suggest that a potential channel through which oil price volatility hurts trade volumes is the uncertainty in transport cost. Keywords: Oil price volatility, International trade, Gravity model, Reverse globalization
Synthesis of Stable Acyclic Aminals Derived from L-(+)-Aspartic Acid and Their Application in Asymmetric Henry Reactions
Authors: Koz Gamze , Astley Demet , Astley Stephen T.
Published: January 2013

A series of stable acyclic aminals derived from L-(+)-aspartic acid were synthesized in excellent yields (up to 96%) and characterized by spectroscopic methods. They were applied as enantioselective catalysts in Henry reactions of nitromethane with various aldehydes in the presence of Cu(II) ions, affording the corresponding adducts in high yields (up to 90%) and enantioselectivities (up to 92% ee).