bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Orthodontic Bone Screws
Authors: Chandrasekaran Agharsh , Naga Deepti H.P. , Kidiyoor Harshavardhan
Published: August 2022

The field of orthodontia has been witnessing numerous reforms in terms of treatment modalities through the years, under which the concept of absolute anchorage employing mini-implants can be well subsumed. The usage of orthodontic bone screws has witnessed growing popularity and has been deemed to revitalize the management of complex malocclusions. Orthodontic bone screws are larger in diameter (2 mm) in comparison with the average mini-implant and are placed in areas of high bone mineral density like the infrazygomatic crest in the maxilla and the buccal shelf area in the mandible. Owing to a difference in size, they are placed away from the roots and hence, the term extra-radicular implants seem a befitting one. With an expansion of the envelope of discrepancy to skeletal anchorage, the employment of these bone screws in practice will have to be appraised further in terms of biological limits. Orthodontic bone screws have been successfully utilized as an absolute anchorage system in well-chosen cases, pushing the realm of treatment possibilities further ahead in the sands of time. This chapter aims to provide you with a narrative insight into the salient features of orthodontic bone screws starting right from its inception to its contemporary usage in practice.
Conflict of Power and Leadership among Afro-Pentecostal Churches: Resurrecting the Traditional Model of Transferring Power and Managing Appreciations in Faith-Based Organisations in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chikwanha Ngoni
Published: August 2022

It is commonly believed that democratic elections lead to the election of good leaders and help to mitigate conflict of power within organisations. However, power struggles that are associated with leadership succession at the top level and the appreciation of leaders who occupy top positions seem to engender strife in faith-based organisations. Using the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe church (AFM) as a point of reference, this article sets out on the premise that the change of the traditional model of transferring power that occurred from 2000 up to the time of this study and the appreciation of leaders at the top level trigger strife in the AFM. Up to the time of this study, in the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe Church (AFM), there are some innuendos that suggest that during the time that the AFM followed the traditional model of transferring power the older, senior, and mature leaders who assumed top positions of leadership did not put much emphasis on appreciations. Consequently, this article suggests that faith-based organisations should not change their traditional models of transferring power at the top level as well as manage the appreciation of top leaders as a way of mitigating organisational conflict.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior in Young Adults
Authors: Kesic Ljiljana , Obradovic Radmila , Petrovic Milica , Bojovic Marija , Lazic Dragoslav , Stojkovic Branislava , Stojanovic Simona
Published: August 2022

Knowledge about the importance of oral health and oral hygiene practices, attitudes, and behavior among young adults shows the association of insufficient or irregular oral hygiene with the occurrence of gingival/periodontal diseases, caries, and consequently systemic disease occurrence including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, infections of the respiratory tract, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neurological disorders. Public health dentists should be trained for oral health needs assessments as well as for the evaluation of community-based oral health improvement strategies among different population groups.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Shales of Mamu Formation in Nigeria: Effects of Deposition, Source Rock, and Tectonic Background
Authors: A. Akinyemi Segun , F. Adebayo Olajide , Y. Madukwe Henry , O. Aturamu Adeyinka , A. OlaOlorun Olusola
Published: August 2022

Study of lithofacies identification, geochemical characterization of shales is vital to the provenance, paleoweathering, and tectonic setting reconstruction. The combination of morphological analysis, bulk chemical analysis and in-situ multi-element analysis was used to investigate the provenance, source area weathering, and depositional setting of outcropped Maastrichtian shale sequence of the Mamu Formation, Anambra Basin in Nigeria. Ten representative shale samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Geochemical analysis was performed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation-Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) techniques. The structural and morphological development of kaolinite in the outcropped shale samples of Mamu Formation is due to mechanical disintegration during transportation and re-deposition. Major oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 constitute greater than 86% of the bulk composition. The weathering indices suggest highly weathered source materials. The plot of Cr versus Ni indicated the studied samples are Late Archean shale. Binary plots of trace elements suggest derivation from acidic or felsic sources rather than intermediate or basic source rocks. Ternary plot of Na2O + K2O, SiO2/10 and CaO + MgO indicated multiple sources such as felsic igneous rocks or recycled residues of quartz-rich. Tectonic discrimination diagram depict a typical Passive Margin field.
Rheology of Heavy Oils
Authors: Isfandiyar Kelbaliyev Gudret , Babir Tagiyev Dilgam , Rizvan Manafov Manaf
Published: August 2022

The problems of heavy oil rheology, accompanied by physical phenomena of the formation and destruction of coagulation disordered structures and aggregates as a result of the hydrodynamic interaction of particles (asphaltenes, paraffins, resins, and solid-phase particles) contained in the oil, which significantly affect its properties and flow, are considered and analyzed. Rheological models of viscous-plastic heavy oils are considered and developed, consistent with a variety of experimental data. New rheological models for viscous-plastic heavy oils are proposed, which make it possible to generalize many existing models. It is noted that the variety of rheological models for heavy oils is determined by the conditions for the formation of disordered structures in the bulk of the oil flow. For heavy oils, a nonlinear equation for filtration in porous media is proposed, depending on the shear stress, pressure gradient, effective viscosity of the oil, and a number of other parameters. An analytical solution to this equation is proposed, which is consistent with the experimental data. Models for the settling rate and drag coefficient of particles in heavy oils are proposed. Applied problems of rheology aimed at improving the rheological properties of heavy oil during their processing as a result of creating a recirculation scheme at an operating oil refining unit are considered.
Review of Gastroesophageal Reflux Pharmacotherapy Management
Authors: Wilks Anthony , Panahi Ladan , Udeani George , Surani Salim
Published: August 2022

Acid suppressive therapy (AST) has been the primary mechanism to provide gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptomatic relief and prevent complications in many individuals with GERD. Many AST options exist, but proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have developed popularity in symptomatic relief for refractory GERD patients. To help reduce persistent symptoms, the use of AST therapy optimization is imperative and involves timing doses appropriately and increasing the dose and dosing frequency. Recently, more data has become available regarding the safety profile of AST, specifically PPI use. This data has raised awareness about its potential for toxicity with long-term use. This chapter focuses on the pharmacological management of GERD with a focus on the current updates regarding AST safety and efficacy.
A Polytheistic Phenomenology from Brazil
Authors: Vargas Antonio ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

Two formative forces for Greek philosophers remain undertheorized: polytheism as a metaphysical position and myth as a source of intelligibility. Heidegger’s work is perhaps exemplary in this regard: he both runs together Greek Metaphysics and Monotheism as well as fell prey to the power of myths. In this paper I introduce and translate the 1953 essay “Mythology and the Tropic Experience of Being” by the Brazilian philosopher Vicente Ferreira da Silva, where he proposed an openly polytheistic Heideggerian metaphysics and philosophy of mythology. Vicente Ferreira da Silva thereby developed a phenomenological approach to myth that can dialogue fruitfully with ancient philosophy in its fullness and also reflect critically about contemporary myths.
Kant’s Opus postumum and Schelling’s Naturphilosophie: The Very Idea
Authors: Thomson Terrence ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

This paper is about Kant’s late unfinished manuscript, Opus postumum (1796–1803) and some of the resonances it has with Schelling’s early Naturphiloso­phie (1797–1800). Most of the secondary literature on Opus postumum investigates its relation to the rest of Kant’s corpus, often framing the drafts as an attempt to fill a so-called “gap” in the Critical philosophy whilst ignoring the relationship it has to the wider landscape of late eighteenth century German philosophy. Whether Opus postumum may provide grounds for reviewing the relationship between Kant and Schelling’s Naturphilosophie, for example, is rarely discussed. Some scholars have remarked upon the striking parallels between Opus postumum and Naturphilosophie, but there has yet to appear a single monograph-length text on the relation. Whilst certainly “Schelling’s Post-Kantian confrontation with nature itself begins with the overthrow of the Copernican revolution” (Grant 2008, 6), what if Kant was himself overthrowing the Copernican revolution? In this paper, I will outline some of the points of contact to start from in support of posing this question.
Attitudes of members of private security about the police
Authors: Janković Bojan , Cvetković Vladimir
Published: August 2022

Scientific literature includes numerous studies of citizens' perceptions of the police. However, the question arises as to how the police are seen by members of priv ate security, who perform similar security tasks as police officers. The results of the survey, which involved 178 members of private security services, indicate that they have a high opinion of the police and its members. It is noticeable that older members of private security have a slightly better opinion of members of the police than their younger colleagues. This indicates that more work should be done with younger members of the private security, not only as part of the courses f or private security, but also later, during the service. There is certainly a need to insist more on joint trainings, both in order to increase trust and to get to know the procedures that the services are undertaking.
Recidivism risk assessment within prison system: Accomplishments and challenges
Authors: Petrović Vera , Jovanić Goran
Published: August 2022

As one of the fundamental segments of penal treatment, recidivism risk assessment has been through numerous modifications since its beginning. When taking recidivism risk assessment as a key segment which serves as a base for all decisions on the type and intensity of the treatment a convict should forego, it is clear why the attention of scientists and experts in the field of criminal treatment is predominately focused on the matter at hand. The achievements so far undeniably indicate that recidivism risk assessment which is conducted using relevant instruments is significantly better than the one that is based on professional and personal experience of experts or their intuition. Nonetheless, there are still certain dilemmas and challenges that are targets of criticism but that are also the drivers of constant recidivism risk assessment instrument reevaluation and improvement. The reevaluation and improvement is done with the aim of designing a quality risk assessment instrument the use of which would contribute to the reduction of the risk of recidivism and enhance public safety with optimum utilization of limited resources which are invested in the correction system. Bearing the aforementioned in mind, the aim of the paper is recidivism risk assessment in convicts within the prison system. The goal is to analyze relevant research papers analyzing the achievements as well as the issues related to assessment and to provide the guidelines for further development and improvement of the process.
Safety of firefighters-rescuers during training in flashover container: A numerical study
Authors: Pešić Dušica , Zigar Darko , Blagojević Milan
Published: August 2022

Extinguishing of fire is a responsible and risky job that requires knowledge, skill and mental stability from the firefighter. These facts especially refer to the localization and extinguishing of enclosure fires where the occurrence of flaming attacks, such as flashover and backdraft are possible. In such conditions, lack of experience of firefighters often leads to fatal injuries. In order to reduce the injuries of firefighters during firefighting interventions, their training in flashover containers has recently begun. Practical training provides the necessary experience that is applied in real fire extinguishing interventions which implies that firefighters are exposed to high fire temperatures during training. Because of this, the paper focuses on modeling and simulation of flashover appearance in a container for firefighters' training, performed by using numerical fluid dynamics method. Using the Fire Dynamics Simulator software package, seven fire scenarios under different ventilation conditions and fire extinguishing methods were analyzed, with the aim of examining container temperatures that affect the safety of firefighters during the training. The obtained results indicate that the most acceptable scenario for firefighter training means that the container door is open for the entire duration of the training and, at the same time, it neccessary to periodically extinguish fire with a water jet, along with occasionally opening of the roof vent of the container.
Open sources of data and intelligence
Authors: Dimitrijević Ivan , Mandić Goran
Published: August 2022

Modern intelligence, which emerged in its present form after the Second World War, has undergone numerous changes over the last seven decades. One of the main factors in the transformation of intelligence at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century is certainly the advent of information and communication technologies (ICT), while the segment in which this transformation was the most dramatic is intelligence based on open sources (OSINT). This transformation is not a new phenomenon at the global level. The development and availability of personal computers and the Internet, and their connection with telecommunication technologies have influenced almost all aspects of modern life, especially the work process, and in that sense, it is almost impossible to imagine, but also to find a profession that does not depend on personal computers, the Internet, and various mobile devices that have become both a means of work and an object of work in the process of work. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have also become an integral part of all known sectors of the economy, both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing; they are present in education, culture, science, transport, banking, tourism; in both the public and private sector. In short - ICTs are ubiquitous today. Modern intelligence services have therefore had the task of following global trends driven by the rapid development of Internet technologies and the increasing use of modern communication technologies, especially 'smart' devices. Authors summarized some basic terms and notions in Intelligence Studies - intelligence, intelligence process, intelligence disciplines, and collection of data as part of intelligence process. Then they provided a brief historical overview of the impact of open sources on the development of intelligence, with special focus on the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, with an emphasis on the impact of new ICTs on this aspect of intelligence. At the end, an effort was made to produce an overview of some of the most significant theoretical reviews of this process from the perspective of the discipline of Intelligence Studies. Authors conclude that OSINT is not just a matter of monitoring the media of other countries or collecting data through diplomatic missions. The amount of daily information in terms of news produced on the Internet every minute, including social networks, has reached a level where it is pointless to 'manually' cover news from around the world, as there is a highly developed and sophisticated software that automates collection and allows for selection of information relevant to the person organizing the collection. In this respect, the amount of software OSINT tools available to an individual today by far exceeds the capacities possessed by the great power intelligence systems during the Cold War.
Analysis of efficiency of pharmaceutical companies in Serbia based on the CODAS method
Authors: Lukić Radojko
Published: August 2022

Recently, as it is known, the performance (efficiency) of pharmaceutical companies is increasingly measured on the basis of multi-criteria analysis. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies (engaged in the production and distribution or only distribution of pharmaceutical products) in Serbia on the basis of the CODAS method. In this context, adequate measures have been proposed to improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies in Serbia in the future. The obtained results of the analysis of the efficiency of the observed pharmaceutical companies in Serbia on the basis of the CODAS method show that the most efficient pharmaceutical company is Hemofarm. It is followed by: Novo Nordisk, Roshe, Phoenix Pharma, Pfizer, Krka, Galenika, Velexfarm, Vega, Zdravlje, Pharmanova, Pharma Swiss, and Farmalogist. This positioning of pharmaceutical companies in terms of efficiency in Serbia has been influenced by numerous macro and micro factors, such as: economic climate, living standards, research and development expenditures, political stability, digitalization of business, and others.
Spirituality and physical exercise: Prevention for epi(pan)demia COVID-a-19
Authors: Šiljak Violeta , Stefanović Đorđe
Published: August 2022

It is an undeniable truth that in one period of today's people's lives, the COVID19 epi(pan)demic was weaved. It is a period marked by suffering, pain and illness, as well as a significant disharmony of spirit, soul and body, which consequently influenced the fear of bared life and survival. The age of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the objective presence of a virus that has taken many lives, warns us that the world is facing infodemia, manipulative media propaganda, polarized profession, loss of basic human rights and other global plans diametrically opposed to the spiritual approach and whose primary goal is to spread fear among people. Such a situation has created a ground for positive and/or negative thinking of people regarding epi(pan)demics. The scientific approach to the concept of spirituality, although it has its roots in philosophy and psychology, is present in religion, and today we can say in quantum medicine, bioethics and other sciences. However, no matter how different the paths of spirituality may be, they have in common finding the hidden laws of nature and selflessly using their discoveries to improve the lives of others. The complexity and diversity of the concept of spirituality leads to the choice of the spiritual path and the development of each person individually. In an effort to better understand his inner life, an individual must go through a processes of introspection and self-knowledge in order to reach the virtues that enable him to have a wiser relationship with himself, the environment, the world. The aim of this paper is to consider some situations that may represent the foundation of a new (beneficial) path to human salvation, possible life in new circumstances. The complexity of the topic raises the question - how to achieve active work with results that will be beneficial for people in the new conditions of the pandemic? The results of the research indicate that the syncretism of spirituality and physical exercise creates conditions for meaningful reasoning, reflection, cognition and awareness of the understanding that this is a very important path to healing.
¿De qué me sirven los YouTubers e Instagramers? Preferencias de los adolescentes en España
Authors: Aran-Ramspott Sue , Moro Inchaurtieta Álvaro , Botella García del Cid Lluís
Published: August 2022

En el actual ecosistema digital, los contenidos y prácticas que generan redes sociales como YouTube o Instagram han facilitado la emergencia de un tipo de influencer o (micro)celebridad que, además de generar negocio (Vizcaíno-Verdú, De-Casas-Moreno & Ignacio Aguaded, 2019), ofrece unos modelos de autenticidad y estilos de vida, unas narrativas y unas influencias entre las generaciones Millennials y Centennials que requieren ser analizadas desde la percepción de los propios jóvenes usuarios. Para ello presentamos parte de los resultados de una investigación inédita de metodología mixta realizada en España que ha recogido las opiniones de adolescentes y jóvenes (12-18 años) de las Comunidades Autónomas de Catalunya, Baleares y Euskadi a partir de una muestra de 2.749 cuestionarios y nueve focus group durante el 2021, incluyendo el período afectado por la Covid19. Los resultados permiten observar qué plataformas prefieren, los motivos de preferencia, su aceptación o rechazo de determinados elementos comunicativos, sean tecnológicos, conectivos o discursivos, así como las características que parecen crear tendencia y favorecen su engagement hacia los influencers que prefieren.
Are Static Foot Posture Measures Related to Static and Dynamic Plantar Pressure Parameters?
Authors: Kirmizi Muge , Sengul Yesim Salik , Yalcinkaya Gamze , Angin Salih
Published: August 2022

Background: A few studies have investigated the relationship between foot posture measures and plantar pressure parameters, but no study has investigated the correlation of foot posture measures with all primary parameters consisting of contact area (CA), maximum force (MF), and peak pressure (PP). We aimed to determine the relationship of the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) and navicular drop (ND) with plantar pressure parameters during static standing and preferred walking.

Methods: Seventy people were included. Navicular drop and the FPI-6 were used to assess foot posture. Plantar pressure parameters including CA, MF, and PP were recorded by a pressure-sensitive mat during barefoot standing and barefoot walking at preferred speed. All assessments were repeated three times and averaged. Pearson correlation coefficients below 0.300 were accepted as negligible and higher ones were interpreted.

Results: Navicular drop was moderately correlated with dynamic CA under the midfoot and second metatarsal; also, the FPI-6 was moderately correlated with dynamic CA under the midfoot (0.500 < r < 0.700). The other interpreted correlations were poor (0.300 < r < 0.500). Both measures were correlated with dynamic CA under the second and third metatarsals; dynamic CA and MF under the midfoot; and static CA, MF, and PP under the first metatarsal and hallux (P < .01). Navicular drop was also correlated with dynamic MF under the first metatarsal and dynamic CA under the fourth metatarsal (P < .01). Furthermore, ND was correlated with static CA and PP under the second metatarsal and static PP under the fifth metatarsal (P < .01). The FPI-6 was also correlated with dynamic MF and PP under the hallux (P < .01).

Conclusions: The correlations between foot posture measures and plantar pressure variables are poor to moderate. The measures may be useful in the clinical assessment of medial forefoot problems related to prolonged standing and midfoot complaints related to high force during walking. Furthermore, the FPI-6 may provide valuable data regarding hallux complaints related to the high loads during walking.
Audiovisual task switching rapidly modulates sound encoding in mouse auditory cortex
Authors: Morrill Ryan J , Bigelow James , DeKloe Jefferson , Hasenstaub Andrea R
Published: August 2022

In everyday behavior, sensory systems are in constant competition for attentional resources, but the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms of modality-selective attention remain largely uninvestigated. We conducted translaminar recordings in mouse auditory cortex (AC) during an audiovisual (AV) attention shifting task. Attending to sound elements in an AV stream reduced both pre-stimulus and stimulus-evoked spiking activity, primarily in deep-layer neurons and neurons without spectrotemporal tuning. Despite reduced spiking, stimulus decoder accuracy was preserved, suggesting improved sound encoding efficiency. Similarly, task-irrelevant mapping stimuli during inter-trial intervals evoked fewer spikes without impairing stimulus encoding, indicating that attentional modulation generalized beyond training stimuli. Importantly, spiking reductions predicted trial-to-trial behavioral accuracy during auditory attention, but not visual attention. Together, these findings suggest auditory attention facilitates sound discrimination by filtering sound-irrelevant background activity in AC, and that the deepest cortical layers serve as a hub for integrating extramodal contextual information.
Incorporating nonlinearity with generalized functional responses to simulate multiple predator effects
Authors: McCoy Michael W. , Hamman Elizabeth , Albecker Molly , Wojdak Jeremy , Vonesh James R. , Bolker Benjamin M.
Published: August 2022

Predicting the combined effects of predators on shared prey has long been a focus of community ecology, yet quantitative predictions often fail. Failure to account for nonlinearity is one reason for this. Moreover, prey depletion in multiple predator effects (MPE) studies generates biased predictions in applications of common experimental and quantitative frameworks. Here, we explore additional sources of bias stemming from nonlinearities in prey predation risk. We show that in order to avoid bias, predictions about the combined effects of independent predators must account for nonlinear size-dependent risk for prey as well as changes in prey risk driven by nonlinear predator functional responses and depletion. Historical failure to account for biases introduced by well-known nonlinear processes that affect predation risk suggest that we may need to reevaluate the general conclusions that have been drawn about the ubiquity of emergent MPEs over the past three decades.
Enhancing georeferenced biodiversity inventories: automated information extraction from literature records reveal the gaps
Authors: Kopperud Bjørn Tore , Lidgard Scott , Liow Lee Hsiang
Published: August 2022

We use natural language processing (NLP) to retrieve location data for cheilostome bryozoan species (text-mined occurrences (TMO)) in an automated procedure. We compare these results with data combined from two major public databases (DB): the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS), and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Using DB and TMO data separately and in combination, we present latitudinal species richness curves using standard estimators (Chao2 and the Jackknife) and range-through approaches. Our combined DB and TMO species richness curves quantitatively document a bimodal global latitudinal diversity gradient for extant cheilostomes for the first time, with peaks in the temperate zones. A total of 79% of the georeferenced species we retrieved from TMO (N = 1,408) and DB (N = 4,549) are non-overlapping. Despite clear indications that global location data compiled for cheilostomes should be improved with concerted effort, our study supports the view that many marine latitudinal species richness patterns deviate from the canonical latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG). Moreover, combining online biodiversity databases with automated information retrieval from the published literature is a promising avenue for expanding taxon-location datasets.
Levels and correlates of knowledge of teething among Saudi Arabian families
Authors: Alkhozaim Dina A. , Al-Haj Ali Sanaa N. , Farah Ra’fat I.
Published: August 2022

Background

Parental knowledge of teething has been repeatedly investigated; however, little emphasis has been made on the associated sociodemographic factors with good knowledge of the parents and whether or not good knowledge is translated into adopting proper pain-relieving practices. The present study aims to firstly assess the knowledge level and practices of Saudi parents regarding teething and then explore associated sociodemographic variables with good knowledge of teething to determine the relation between parents’ knowledge of teething and their adoption of pain-relieving practices.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited parents from the social networking sites Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp, and they were asked to answer a pretested three-part internationally accepted questionnaire. Data were examined using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient analysis.

Results

One thousand four hundred ninety-nine parents responded and returned completed questionnaires. Of those, only 11.2% had good knowledge of teething. The majority of parents did not have basic knowledge of the teething period as well as believed that teething was associated with a runny nose (87.5%), diarrhea (77.9%), and sleep disturbance (72%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that parents with no primary school education (Odds Ratio: 0.29), or those who had an intermediate or secondary education level (OR: 0.55 and 0.78) were less likely to have good knowledge compared with parents who had a university degree. However, parents who earned intermediate monthly income (OR: 6.63) were more likely to have good knowledge of teething. With regards to practices used to relieve teething pain, inappropriate practices were observed regarding bottle feeding at night to soothe the child’s pain (72%) and applying topical analgesics to rub the gum (72.4%). A significant positive correlation was found between the knowledge score and the practice score of both fathers and mothers (r = 0.22 and 0.13, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

A very low percentage of Saudi parents, mainly those with the highest education level and intermediate monthly income, had good knowledge of teething, which translated into appropriate practices to soothe the child’s pain regardless of the parent’s gender. Saudi parents should receive anticipatory guidance related to teething from all health professionals to ensure an uneventful teething period for their children.
Rare Manifestations of Acute Scrotum- A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Prince , Nagpal Nitin , Bansal Akshit , Singla Nisha
Published: August 2022

Acute scrotum is referred to patients presenting with acute pain or swelling in scrotum or its contents. Clinical evaluation and appropriate radiological investigations helps us to pin point the aetiology of acute scrotum. Male genitourinary cases range from 0.5-2.5% of all emergency cases, although very few cases report the incidence of acute scrotum. Purpose of this case report is to highlight two very rarely reported events presented as scrotal pain and testicular swelling in a 39-year-old male and a 31-year-old- male patient. After radiological examination a diagnosis of acute scrotum was made. Commonly causation is attributed to either acute torsion or acute epididymo-orchitis. Routinely, management of acute scrotum include colour doppler scrotum, based on its findings further treatment is decided either surgical exploration or conservative treatment. Early evaluation and timely management is imperative in preserving the viability of gonads.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery versus Conventional Care in Elective Laparotomy- A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Nagula Bhanu Prasad , Abhishek Vodnala
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) care protocol is better in improving the quality of postoperative care which can mitigate surgical stress and accelerate postoperative recovery. Aim: To compare ERAS care protocol with conventional care in cases with major gastrointestinal surgeries. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective interventional study in which 56 cases undergoing elective laparotomy surgeries were recruited. Cases were randomly divided into two groups i.e., group 1 cases were managed according to ERAS care protocol and group 2 cases received conventional care. The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes like duration of oral intake of drugs, duration of hospital stay, duration of drain tube removal and ambulatory period was recorded. The Clavien-Dindo classification system was followed for postoperative assessment. Chi-square test was used to analyse qualitative data. Results: The ERAS care group showed a better outcome than the conventional group in terms of early oral dietary intake (by 2nd day in 89.28% of ERAS and 3.57% in conventional group), less ambulatory period (on the day of surgery in 85.71% of ERAS and 7.14% of conventional group), early removal of a nasogastric and urinary catheter (92.86% in ERAS and 3.57% in conventional group). The duration of hospital stay, postoperative drain removal, incidence of postoperative complications and infections at the surgical site were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ERAS care protocols were effective in reducing hospital stay, postoperative complications and early oral dietary intake.
Interacting impacts of drought and fire on bird populations—insights from a long-term study in the Warrumbungles
Authors: Stevens Helen C , Watson David M
Published: August 2022

The interacting effects of drought and fire on ecological communities are poorly understood. Long-term studies in the Warrumbungle Mountains, central-west New South Wales, subject to drought and fire during the past 21 years, enabled their separate and combined effects to be quantified for individual species and functional groups. Insectivores (especially ground-foragers) dominated previous lists of declining species in this region of NSW and were also prominent in the present work. Insectivores were more likely to be drought- than fire-affected, with seven species declining due to drought, three to drought plus fire, and three to fire alone. Our analyses also revealed declines in a suite of honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), previously not reported as declining. Honeyeaters are major pollinators of eucalypts, so the loss of nectarivores and insectivores has far-reaching implications for pollination, recruitment, successional dynamics, and forest health. Four honeyeater species were adversely affected by drought, five by fire, and one by a combination of drought and fire. Drought and fire, alone or in combination, were implicated in declines of granivores, including the Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans, and frugivores, especially the Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum, the latter reflecting the loss of mistletoes in fire-affected landscapes, and foreshadowing additional losses due to the reliance on mistletoe by many species. Another group not previously identified as threatened, but declining due to drought were two omnivores, the Pied Currawong Strepera graculina and Australian Raven Corvus coronoides. Hollow-nesting birds including two species of treecreeper and the Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae fared badly. Several common Australian species were among the decliners, including Laughing Kookaburra, Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys and Australian Magpie Cracticus tibicen. We conclude that no suite of birds is exempt from these environmental stressors, and predict that, as droughts reduce populations at regional scales and fires diminish carrying capacity of critical habitats at landscape scales, rarer species will decline to local extinction while more commonly observed species will be reduced in abundance.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN SOAL DENGAN KONSEP HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS DAN PRAKTIK SOAL ONLINE UNTUK GURU DI SMK KRIAN 1 SIDOARJO
Authors: Lusiani Titik
Published: August 2022

Kegiatan evaluasi belajar merupakan rangkaian kegiatan proses belajar, dan dilakukan untuk melihat hasil proses belajar. Alat ukur dalam menilai evaluasi belajar kepada peserta pembelajaran dapat disebut dengan Soal. Soal dapat dipergunakan melihat tingkat kesulitan yang benar, dan efektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam menilai hasil belajar, khususnya kemampuan konitif siswa adalah test tertulis dan lisan. Tingkatan kemampuan berpikir, dimulai dari tingkat rendah Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) dan tingkat tinggi Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). HOTS digambarkan dalam bentuk paramida, dengan tingkatan yang terdiri dari mengigat, memahami, menerapkan, menganalisi, mengevalasi hingga menciptakan. Pembuatan soal dengan konsep HOTS dilakukan agar soal memiliki nilai pemahaman mulai dari tingkatan mengingat sampai dengan menciptakan atau membuat. Berdasarkan hasil koordinasi dengan pihak sekolah, maka dilaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan penyusunan soal dengan konsep HOTS. Pada kegiatan disertai praktik soal Online untuk guru di SMK Krian 1 Sidoarjo. Dengan kegiatan pelatihan yang bertujuan memberikan pemahaman kepada guru dalam pembuatan soal, yang baik dengan konsep HOTS, diharapkan guru dapat membuat soal lebih baik, dan dapat membuat soal online yang interaktif.  Soal yang interaktif, sehingga siswa menjadi semangat dalam melakukan evaluasi dan hasil dari evaluasi dapat dilihat peserta ujian lebih mudah, beserta dengan review dari soal yang telah  dilakukan.  Kegiatan pelatihan  dilakukan  dengan  penuh  semangat  dan  setiap  peserta mengikuti dengan praktik membuat soal online.
MENGOPTIMALKAN EKOWISATA AIR TERJUN ENDIYAENT DI DUSUN SURUH TEMBAWANG
Authors: Yulita Yulita , Mustajab Amin
Published: August 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kunjungan wisata ke air terjun Endiyaent di Dusun Suruh Tembawang. Dengan meningkatnya kunjungan wisata diharapkan perekonomian masyarakat dapat meningkat. Kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa pembangunan akses jalan dan mensosialisasikan tata kelola objek wisata air terjun Endiyaent. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pendampingan ini terdiri dari pembangunan akses jalan dan sosialisasi tata kelola objek wisata. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli hingga November 2021. Penerima manfaat dari kegiatan pengabdian ini merupakan warga Dusun Suruh Tembawang yang berjumlah 268 Jiwa/54 KK. Total anggaran yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini sebesar RP 35.000.000,00 (tiga puluh lima juta rupiah) yang bersumber dari pendanaan dari program PHP2D. Kegiatan optimalisasi air terjun Endiyaent ini terdiri dari tiga program yang terdiri dari pembuatan jalan rabat beton dan jalan setapak, pembentukan badan pengelola air terjun Endiyaent dan promosi tempat wisata air terjun Endiyaent menggunakan media sosial Facebook dan Instagram. Keberhasilan kegiatan pengabdian ini terdiri dari 3 indikator. Pertama, dapat menambah pengetahuan masyarakat dan merubah pandangan serta sikap masyarakat tentang optimalisasi industri kreatif destinasi wisata alam. Kedua, dapat membangun hubungan sosial masyarakat melalui potensi wisata air terjun Endiyaent. Ketiga, meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat melalui destinasi wisata air terjun Endiyaent. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini terbangunnya akses jalan menuju air terjun dengan kualifikasi rabat beton sejauh 100 meter dengan lebar 80 cm ketebalan 15 cm, dan akses jalan setapak sejauh 350 m. Terbentuknya lembaga yang mengelola air terjun Endiyaent.
Incidence of COVID-19 Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the US From January 2020 to November 2021
Authors: Meehan Ashley A. , Thomas Isabel , Horter Libby , Schoonveld Megan , Carmichael Andrea E. , Kashani Mitra , Valencia Diana , Mosites Emily
Published: August 2022

Importance

A lack of timely and high-quality data is an ongoing challenge for public health responses to COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). Little is known about the total number of cases of COVID-19 among PEH.

Objective

To estimate the number of COVID-19 cases among PEH and compare the incidence rate among PEH with that in the general population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from a survey distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to all US state, district, and territorial health departments that requested aggregated COVID-19 data among PEH from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021. Jurisdictions were encouraged to share the survey with local health departments.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary study outcome was the number of cases of COVID-19 identified among PEH. COVID-19 cases and incidence rates among PEH were compared with those in the general population in the same geographic areas.

Results

Participants included a population-based sample of all 64 US jurisdictional health departments. Overall, 25 states, districts, and territories completed the survey, among which 18 states (72.0%) and 27 localities reported COVID-19 data among PEH. A total of 26 349 cases of COVID-19 among PEH were reported at the state level and 20 487 at the local level. The annual incidence rate of COVID-19 among PEH at the state level was 567.9 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 560.5-575.4 per 10 000 person-years) compared with 715.0 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 714.5-715.5 per 10 000 person-years) in the general population. At the local level, the incidence rate of COVID-19 among PEH was 799.2 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 765.5-834.0 per 10 000 person-years) vs 812.5 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI, 810.7-814.3 per 10 000 person-years) in the general population.

Conclusions and Relevance

These results provide an estimate of COVID-19 incidence rates among PEH in multiple US jurisdictions; however, a national estimate and the extent of under- or overestimation remain unknown. The findings suggest that opportunities exist for incorporating housing and homelessness status in infectious disease reporting to inform public health decision-making.
Participation of Lower and Upper Middle–Income Countries in Oncology Clinical Trials Led by High-Income Countries
Authors: Rubagumya Fidel , Hopman Wilma M. , Gyawali Bishal , Mukherji Deborah , Hammad Nazik , Pramesh C. S. , Zubaryev Mykola , Eniu Alexandru , Tsunoda Audrey T. , Kutluk Tezer , Aggarwal Ajay , Sullivan Richard , Booth Christopher M.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) led by high-income countries (HICs) now enroll patients from lower middle–income countries (LMICs) and upper middle–income countries (UMICs). Although enrolling diverse populations promotes research collaborations, there are issues regarding which countries participate in RCTs and how this participation may contribute to global research.

Objective

To describe which UMICs and LMICs participate in RCTs led by HICs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional study of all oncology RCTs published globally during January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, was conducted. The study cohort was restricted to RCTs led by HICs that enrolled participants from LMICs and UMICs. Study analyses were conducted in November 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A bibliometric approach (Web of Science 2007-2017) was used to explore whether RCT participation was proportional to other measures of cancer research activity. Participation in RCTs (ie, percentage of RCTs in the cohort in which each LMIC and UMIC participated) was compared with country-level cancer research bibliometric output (ie, percentage of total cancer research bibliometric output from the same group of countries that came from a specific LMIC and UMIC).

Results

Among the 636 HIC-led RCTs, 186 trials (29%) enrolled patients in LMICs (n = 84 trials involving 11 LMICs) and/or UMICs (n = 181 trials involving 26 UMICs). The most common participating LMICs were India (42 [50%]), Ukraine (39 [46%]), Philippines (23 [27%]), and Egypt (12 [14%]). The most common participating UMICs were Russia (115 [64%]), Brazil (94 [52%]), Romania (62 [34%]), China (56 [31%]), Mexico (56 [31%]), and South Africa (54 [30%]). Several LMICs are overrepresented in the cohort of RCTs based on proportional cancer research bibliometric output: Ukraine (46% of RCTs but 2% of cancer research bibliometric output), Philippines (27% RCTs, 1% output), and Georgia (8% RCTs, 0.2% output). Overrepresented UMICs include Russia (64% RCTs, 2% output), Romania (34% RCTs, 2% output), Mexico (31% RCTs, 2% output), and South Africa (30% RCTs, 1% output).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, a substantial proportion of RCTs led by HICs enrolled patients in LMICs and UMICs. The LMICs and UMICs that participated in these trials did not match overall cancer bibliometric output as a surrogate for research ecosystem maturity. Reasons for this apparent discordance and how these data may inform future capacity-strengthening activities require further study.
Postmarketing Colitis Cases Associated With Alpelisib Use Reported to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Sullivan Kathleen M. , Dores Graça M. , Nayernama Afrouz , Prowell Tatiana M. , Pradhan Shan M. , Osgood Christy , Jones S. Christopher
Published: August 2022

This case series investigates reports of 20 patients with colitis temporally associated with alpelisib use.
Pigmented Paravenous Chorioretinal Atrophy With Macular Hole
Authors: Xiang Wu , Wei Yantao
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a woman aged 56 years who presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye and peripapillary/perivenous changes on retinal examination.
Scroll Sign in a Man Aged 50 Years After a Closed Globe Injury
Authors: Bhayana Amber Amar , Prasad Priyanka , Venkatesh Pradeep
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a man aged 50 years with a history of closed globe injury in the right eye and anterior capsular scroll sign on anterior-segment examination.
A Highly Compressible, Elastic, and Air‐Dryable Metallic Aerogels via Magnetic Field‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Pan Weisheng , Liang Caiwu , Sui Yiming , Wang Juan , Liu Peng , Zou Peichao , Guo Zhenbin , Wang Fangcheng , Ren Xi , Yang Cheng
Published: August 2022

Metallic aerogels emerge as a group of materials for various applications since they exhibit the merits of both metal and aerogel. However, their performance characteristics are largely depreciated by the poor compressibility, elasticity, and complicated preparation process. Herein, a highly compressible and air‐dryable nickel nanowire aerogel (NNWA) is prepared via a facile magnetic‐field‐assisted gelation strategy. Its unique anisotropic lamellar structure and abundant cold‐welded junctions of intertwined nanowires enable superior electric conductivity and compression fatigue resistance. Such a free‐standing NNWA featured with ultralow density (20 mg cm−3) can be directly used as electrode scaffolds for energy storage and electrocatalysis purposes even at high mass loading (e.g., 10 mg cm−2) and large current density (e.g., 1 A cm−2) with superior performance. This method represents a general strategy for producing metallic aerogels with excellent comprehensive performance and mass‐production capability, providing a versatile platform for advanced applications.