bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of onychomatricoma: Spatial profiling reveals the role of onychofibroblasts in its pathogenesis
Authors: Shim Joonho , Park Jihye , Jung Yeon Joo , Jang Kee‐Taek , Kwon Eun Ji , Lee Jong Hee , Lee Dongyoun
Published: December 2022

Onychomatricoma (OM) is a rare nail unit tumour with a characteristic presentation of finger‐like projections arising from the nail matrix. Due to the lack of transcriptome information, the mechanisms underlying its development are largely unknown. To characterize molecular features involved in the disease pathogenesis, we used digital spatial profiling (DSP) in 2 cases of OM and normal control nail units. Based on the histological evaluation, we selectively profiled 69 regions of interest covering epithelial and stromal compartments of each tissue section. Dermoscopic and histopathologic findings were reviewed in 6 cases. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of nail units and DSP were combined to define cell type contributions of OM. We identified 173 genes upregulated in stromal compartments of OM compared to onychodermis, specialized nail mesenchyme. Gene ontology analysis of the upregulated genes suggested the role of Wnt pathway activation in OM pathogenesis. We also found PLA2G2A, a known modulator of Wnt signalling, is strongly and specifically expressed in the OM stroma. The potential role of Wnt pathway was further supported by strong nuclear localization of β‐catenin in OM. Compared to the nail matrix epithelium, only a few genes were increased in OM epithelium. Deconvolution of nail unit cell types showed that onychofibroblasts are the dominant cell type in OM stroma. Altogether, integrated spatial and single‐cell multi‐omics concluded that OM is a tumour that derives a significant proportion of its origin from onychofibroblasts and is associated with upregulation of Wnt signals, which play a key role in the disease pathogenesis.
Privacy‐preserving and fine‐grained data sharing for resource‐constrained healthcare CPS devices
Authors: Bao Yangyang , Qiu Weidong , Cheng Xiaochun
Published: December 2022

Medical cyber‐physical systems (CPS) provide the possibility for real‐time health monitoring of patients and flexible diagnostic services based on expert systems by collaboratively integrating and connecting various physical devices including sensors, terminals, and cloud infrastructure. However, the ubiquitous security threats in cyberspace have raised concerns about data security and user privacy. Although related works propose to protect data security and user privacy with cryptographic protocols, their heavy computational and storage overheads incur performance and battery life challenges for resource‐constrained devices in the healthcare CPS. This article proposes an energy‐saving and privacy‐preserving data sharing (ESPPDS) scheme to address the challenge. ESPPDS inherits the anonymous fine‐grained access control from attribute‐based encryption (ABE) while protecting data integrity and supporting efficient user revocation. We also eliminate the repetitive computations of ciphertext components by utilizing the online/ offline encryption technology, and design a subtle and secure trick to delegate the decryption operations to the edge device, thereby reducing the computational overheads of the resource‐constrained devices. We then show the security proof, and discuss the construction in the untrusted/ compromised server setting. The comparison and experiment indicate that ESPPDS is practical and more efficient than related schemes.
Children's education and parental support in Jewi Refugee Camp, Ethiopia: Unraveling the challenges
Authors: Demissie Eyueil Abate , Boru Ambissa Kenea
Published: December 2022

Objective

In this study, we examined the situation of parents and caregivers of the refugee children in Jewi refugee camp with the aim of understanding the roles they play in the education of the children.

Background

Effective educational interventions benefit from parental engagement. This may be particularly the case for refugee children, who typically have had several traumatic experiences during the departure from their home country, while traveling to safer places, and then on arrival to a refugee camp.

Methods

A qualitative single case study approach was used to investigate this issue. Refugee primary school students, teachers, school principals, parents, and camp administrators were used as data sources. Individual and group interviews, observation, and document analysis were used to collect the data. Interpretive and narrative approaches were used for data analysis.

Result

The results of the study indicate that parental support for the learning of refugee children was low. The effort schools make to help parents, who themselves have experienced traumatic situations, engage in their children's education was found to be equally low.

Conclusion

There was a low level of awareness regarding the value of education, mainly because individuals had endured long periods of war in South Sudan, during which education was devalued and the educational infrastructure was devastated. Lack of awareness on children's right to education is expressed in failure to treat adopted children as equal to biological children. As a result, in this study, parents' engagement in the education of children was low.

Implication

There is a need to maximize local and international support to refugees to fulfill the basic needs of refugee children and their caregivers. Schools in refugee camps are responsible not only for providing education to students; their work should extend to providing supportive services to parents/guardians in their parenting practices at home. In addition, there should be continued effort to reunite children who are separated from their parents; implement comprehensive parenting strategies; and develop parent education programs.
Social sports in an aging society: Exercising, recreation and rehabilitation for the elderly
Authors: He Huagang , Yan Jianhua , Li Junhui
Published: December 2022

Aim

This paper analyzes the adaptive changes that take place in mature and elderly women with different track records in social sports in order to develop health and rehabilitation techniques based on personalized and groupwise approaches.

Methods

This longitudinal study was conducted between 2009 and 2019 in Zhengzhou, China. The sample consisted of 24 mature and elderly women (45–65 years old) in the experimental group (regular social sports) and 40 women of the same age who did not exercise (control group). The experimental group received physiotherapy twice a week. The sessions were scheduled for 10 a.m. and lasted for 3 h. The functional status of cardiovascular system parameters (blood pressure, heart rate) was measured. In addition, the physical working capacity (PWC 150), as well as the coefficient of body adaptation to stress and the Robinson index (the amount of oxygen required by the human body to function) were estimated.

Results

Women from the experimental group maintained stable coefficients of adaptation during all 10 years over which the study was conducted. Women with a long track record (up to 10 years) revealed a slight increase in the body's functional capacity (P ≤ 0.05 with control). More than 50% of the women in the experimental group had cardiovascular measurements within or above the normal range, whereas the opposite was true in the control group.

Conclusions

The longitudinal study revealed upward trends of physical working capacity indicators, which can slow down involutional changes in the body. In some cases, the body's functional capacity may be improved. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 98–102.
18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging for haemophilic arthropathy compared with clinical, radiological and power Doppler sonographic characteristics of 20 haemophilia patients
Authors: Li Tsung‐Ying , Lin Li‐Fan , Pan Ru‐Yu , Cheng Shin‐Nan , Wu Yung‐Tsan , Chen Liang‐Cheng , Chen Yeu‐Chin
Published: December 2022

Introduction and objectives

Repeated joint bleeding in haemophilia patients may lead to haemophilic arthropathy with marked inflammation and synovitis. This study investigated the potential of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) as a novel diagnostic method for haemophilic arthropathy.

Materials and methods

We recruited 20 adult haemophilia patients who reported history of hemarthroses in the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, or ankle joints. All joints were assessed by power Doppler ultrasonography and radiography, and graded by hyperaemia score and Pettersson score, respectively. Joint pain was evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS). Range of motion (ROM), Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and annual joint bleeding rate (AJBR) were recorded. Finally, all participants had whole‐body 18F‐FDG PET/CT, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the joints being studied was measured.

Results

Thirteen patients had severe haemophilia, and seven had moderate haemophilia. The mean age was 36 years. PET SUVmax showed significant correlations with VAS, ROM, Pettersson score, hyperaemia score, HJHS score and AJBR in all large joints except hip. Joints with pain, hyperaemia and radiographic changes were found to have higher SUVmax than those without these features. Using Youden's index, the optimal cut‐off value for early radiographical arthropathy was found to be between 1.9 and 2.0.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging correlated well with various conventional diagnostic techniques. It also demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for early radiographic arthropathy. 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging may quantitatively evaluate disease activity of most large joints in a single examination and help detect early haemophilic arthropathy.
Adding value to learning and development through CILIP accreditation: The NHS knowledge for healthcare learning academy
Authors: Gilroy Dominic , Young Gil
Published: December 2022

NHS knowledge and library staff are a highly specialist workforce delivering an economic benefit of £77 million per annum to the health service in England. To achieve their full potential and meet the changing needs of the NHS, it is vital that the workforce remains up to date through the continuing development of their skills, knowledge, and behaviours. This article outlines the work of Health Education England to gain Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP—The Library and Information Association) quality accreditation for the short course offers delivered through the NHS Knowledge for Healthcare Learning Academy. It summarises the benefits of this accreditation for Health Education England, for employers, and for knowledge and library staff participating in the short courses. Learning points from the experience of the accreditation process are described and shared.
A MULTILAYER VIEW OF SYSTEMIC IMPORTANCE AND AGGREGATE FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: Tzavellas Hector
Published: December 2022

Economic systems are composed of multiple interrelated groups of agents and with multiple sources of network externalities present. This can give rise to novel systemic risks. We propose a multilayer model to understand this phenomenon. The model features complementary or substitutionary actions of agents active in multiple groups and extends the network concepts of systemic importance and microinduced aggregate fluctuations to their multigroup counterparts. The multilayer allows for the propagation of shocks through both intra‐ and interlayer margins. The interlayer margin can be large enough to induce a reordering of systemic importance indicators as compared to singular group considerations, and produce volatility levels that are larger than economies consisting of a single group of agents.
Mechanism of heat‐induced thinning of thick egg white in weak alkaline condition: molecular aggregation, functional and structure properties analysis
Authors: Liu Lan , Wu Yongyan , Duan Wenshan , Song Hongbo , Geng Fang , Wang Jinqiu , Huang Qun , Wei Shaofeng
Published: December 2022

The thinning of thick egg white (KEW) was simulated by weak alkaline (pH 10.0) combined with mild heat (50 °C) treatment. The molecular aggregation, functional and structural characteristics changes in simulated KEW thinning process were comprehensively studied. It was found that KEW molecule entered “molten pellet (MG)” state with decline of apparent viscosity of KEW. At this time, particle size increased by 40.9%, surface hydrophobicity and solubility declined 11.3% and 8.9%, respectively. However, with more mild heating time, KEW structure gradually unfolded, ovomucin (OVM) degraded, particle size diminished significantly. Surface hydrophobicity and solubility increased 6.6% and 19.7%, respectively. Functional properties indicated that thermal gel of KEW gradually became soft and tough, water holding capacity (WHC) advanced by 10%, emulsifying property significantly improved by 40%. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that tertiary structure was correlated with particle size (P < 0.01), secondary structure related to hardness and WHC (P < 0.05). Through the results of SDS‐PAGE and comparison with KEW simple mild heating, it was concluded that rise of pH was intrinsic driving force of KEW thinning. Therefore, this study provided a new insight for revealing the thinning mechanism of KEW and a scientific basis for its industrial application.
Attitude toward care of the dying and practice of peaceful end‐of‐life care in community hospitals in China
Authors: Li Xia , Kongsuwan Waraporn , Yodchai Kantaporn
Published: December 2022

Aim

To evaluate nurses’ attitude toward caring for dying patients, their practice of peaceful end‐of‐life care in community hospitals, and the association between these two variables.

Background

Community hospitals play an important role in the peaceful end‐of‐life care. For nurses, one of the key points of offering high‐level care is to improve attitude. However, there are very few studies exploring how the attitude of nurses toward caring for dying patients relates to the practice of peaceful end‐of‐life care in community hospitals across China.

Methods

A total of 363 questionnaires were included in this study. Simple random sampling was used to recruit participants from six community hospitals in China. A new instrument, Nurses’ Practice of Peaceful End‐of‐Life Care Instrument (NP‐PECI), was developed according to the Theory of Peaceful End of Life to assess the practice of nurses. Besides, Frommelt Attitudes toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) was adopted to assess nurses for their attitude toward caring for dying patients.

Results

The nurses’ attitude toward caring for dying patients showed a significant positive correlation with their practice of peaceful end‐of‐life care statistically (r = 0.175, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

For community nurses, it is necessary to improve the attitude of nurses toward the practice of caring for dying patients, thus enhancing the outcome of peaceful end‐of‐life care.

Implications for nursing practice

The Theory of Peaceful End of Life provides a theoretical framework and guideline on the practice of clinical nursing for quality control of peaceful end‐of‐life care, which is significant for improving the palliative care system. In the future, it is worth developing programs based on the Theory of Peaceful End of Life.

Implications for nursing policy

For healthcare policy makers, this study can be helpful to refine the existing palliative care support policies and strategies targeted at community hospitals and their nurses.
Preparedness of Australian and British nurses and midwives about domestic violence and abuse
Authors: Ali Parveen , Ayyaz Rida , McGarry Julie , Younas Ahtisham , Watson Roger , East Leah
Published: December 2022

Background

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a major health problem that affects individuals across the world. Nurses, midwives and healthcare providers need to be confident and competent in identifying and responding to DVA.

Aims

To measure current levels of knowledge, opinions and preparedness towards DVA and how it is managed by registered nurses and midwives residing in Australia and the UK.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study design was used. Data were collected using the Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) measuring the perceived preparation and knowledge, actual knowledge, opinions and practice issues. Australian data were collected in 2018 and UK data were collected in 2017–2018. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data and differences in knowledge and attitudes of British and Australian nurses.

Findings

Nurses and midwives (n = 368; 130 from Australia; 238 from the UK) responded to the survey. Minimal previous DVA training was reported by the participants. Participants had minimal knowledge about DVA, though had a positive attitude towards engaging with women experiencing DVA.

Discussion

Most participants felt unprepared to ask relevant questions about DVA and had inadequate knowledge about available resources. Australian participants scored better than British participants; however, the mean difference in all aspects remained statistically insignificant.

Conclusion

Australian and British nurses and midwives have a positive attitude towards women experiencing DVA; however, the knowledge and skills to support women experiencing DVA are limited.

Implications for nursing policy

Nursing institutions should develop strategic policies regarding mandatory preparation and training of nurses for domestic violence assessment and management.
Effect of COVID‐19 vaccine on menstrual experience among females in six Arab countries: A cross sectional study
Authors: Matar Sajeda Ghassan , Nourelden Anas Zakarya , Assar Ahmed , Bahbah Eshak I. , Alfryjat Areej M. , Hasabo Elfatih A. , Matar Suzan A. , Bishtawi Shatha Nizar , Alhoubani Mays , Yahia Ahmad Bassam , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Salameh Lina Mohammad , Salameh Lana Saif Eddin , Zaazouee Mohamed Sayed , Al‐kafarna Mohammed , Elshanbary Alaa Ahmed , Almadhoon Hossam Waleed , Bakdash Shahed Toulaq , Adam Ola Awad Babiker , Malih Abdelkader Nabeel , Habash Shimaa Abo elfotoh , Basiouny Rakia Mohamed Taha , Ahmad Afaf , Hamid Raghda Mohammed Ahmed , Habib Balsam Younan , Elokl Dalia Nasr , Abdalraheem Hiba Hatim , Atia Esraa Adel , Yousif Nazik Ibrahim Ahmed , Al‐Ali Fida Hussien , Alshaer Israa Mohammed , Abdulali Fatima Elsidieg , Ayesh Hadil Abu , Jabari Anwar Yousef , Egzait Raneem Ahmed , Munshar Nameer Amer Abu , Alkhraibat Aseel Ahmad , ibreerah Aisha Hasan , Basheti Iman A.
Published: December 2022

Background

There have been varying reports on the potential occurrence and severity of changes to menstruation including the median cycle length, days of bleeding, bleeding heaviness, and menstrual pain, following receipt of COVID‐19 vaccinations. We aimed to assess potential postvaccination menstrual changes in women residing in the Middle East.

Methods

We implemented a cross‐sectional online survey‐based study. Data about the participants' demographic characteristics, menstruation experience, and vaccination status were collected and analyzed among six Arab countries.

Results

Among 4942 menstruating females included in this study, females who had received one or more doses of COVID‐19 vaccination reported a higher frequency of back pain, nausea, tiredness, pelvic pain with periods, unprescribed analgesics use, and passage of loose stools. They also reported higher scores describing average and worst menstrual pain. Fully vaccinated females reported heavier flow and more days of bleeding.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that COVID‐19 vaccine may have an effect on menstruation in terms of menstrual pain and bleeding heaviness. The evidence needs to be further investigated in longitudinal studies.
Dietary calcium intake was related to the onset of pre‐eclampsia: The TMM BirThree Cohort Study
Authors: Ohseto Hisashi , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Murakami Keiko , Onuma Tomomi , Noda Aoi , Takahashi Ippei , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Ueno Fumihiko , Iwama Noriyuki , Kikuya Masahiro , Metoki Hirohito , Sugawara Junichi , Kuriyama Shinichi
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary electrolyte intake and the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) subtypes. Our analysis included 19 914 pregnant women from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three‐Generation Cohort Study. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate dietary calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium intakes. HDP was determined based on the medical records during regular antenatal care. Logistic regression analysis assessed the relationship between dietary electrolytes intake quintiles, and HDP subtypes with adjustment for basic characteristics. Dietary electrolyte intakes were applied for the prediction model. Of the cohort, 547 participants delivered with pre‐eclampsia (PE), 278 with superimposed PE (SP), and 896 with gestational hypertension (GH). PE was associated with low crude calcium intake (odds ratio of the first quintile [<251 mg/day] to the fifth quintile [>623 mg/day] and 95% confidence interval, 1.31 [1.00–1.70]) and P for trend was .02. SP was not associated with any nutritional intake; however, the combined outcome of PE and SP was related to low crude calcium and potassium and energy‐adjusted calcium, potassium, and magnesium intakes (P for trend, .01, .048, .02, .04, and .02, respectively). The same tendency was observed for GH. A prediction model that included crude calcium and potassium intakes performed better than a model without them. In conclusion, low dietary calcium, potassium, and magnesium were associated with higher HDP subtypes prevalence. The prediction model implied that crude calcium and potassium intakes might play a critical role in PE and SP pathogenesis.
HDAC6 regulates human erythroid differentiation through modulation of JAK2 signalling
Authors: Vong Pascal , Messaoudi Kahia , Jankovsky Nicolas , Gomilla Cathy , Demont Yohann , Caulier Alexis , Jedraszak Guillaume , Demagny Julien , Djordjevic Stefan , Boyer Thomas , Marolleau Jean Pierre , Rochette Jacques , Ouled‐Haddou Hakim , Garçon Loïc
Published: December 2022

Among histone deacetylases, HDAC6 is unusual in its cytoplasmic localization. Its inhibition leads to hyperacetylation of non‐histone proteins, inhibiting cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. Ricolinostat (ACY‐1215) is a selective inhibitor of the histone deacetylase HDAC6 with proven efficacy in the treatment of malignant diseases, but anaemia is one of the most frequent side effects. We investigated here the underlying mechanisms of this erythroid toxicity. We first confirmed that HDAC6 was strongly expressed at both RNA and protein levels in CD34+‐cells‐derived erythroid progenitors. ACY‐1215 exposure on CD34+‐cells driven in vitro towards the erythroid lineage led to a decreased cell count, an increased apoptotic rate and a delayed erythroid differentiation with accumulation of weakly hemoglobinized immature erythroblasts. This was accompanied by drastic changes in the transcriptomic profile of primary cells as shown by RNAseq. In erythroid cells, ACY‐1215 and shRNA‐mediated HDAC6 knockdown inhibited the EPO‐dependent JAK2 phosphorylation. Using acetylome, we identified 14‐3‐3ζ, known to interact directly with the JAK2 negative regulator LNK, as a potential HDAC6 target in erythroid cells. We confirmed that 14‐3‐3ζ was hyperacetylated after ACY‐1215 exposure, which decreased the 14‐3‐3ζ/LNK interaction while increased LNK ability to interact with JAK2. Thus, in addition to its previously described role in the enucleation of mouse fetal liver erythroblasts, we identified here a new mechanism of HDAC6‐dependent control of erythropoiesis through 14‐3‐3ζ acetylation level, LNK availability and finally JAK2 activation in response to EPO, which is crucial downstream of EPO‐R activation for human erythroid cell survival, proliferation and differentiation.
Early indicators of bipolar risk in preschool offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Hafeman Danella M. , Merranko John , Joseph Heather M. , Goldstein Tina R. , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Levenson Jessica , Axelson David , Monk Kelly , Sakolsky Dara , Iyengar Satish , Birmaher Boris
Published: December 2022

Background

Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD‐I/II) are at increased risk to develop the disorder. Previous work indicates that bipolar spectrum disorder (BPSD) is often preceded by mood/anxiety symptoms. In school‐age offspring of parents with BD, we previously built a risk calculator to predict BPSD onset, which generates person‐level risk scores. Here, we test whether preschool symptoms predict school‐age BPSD risk.

Methods

We assessed 113 offspring of parents with BD 1–3 times during preschool years (2–5 years old) and then approximately every 2 years for a mean of 10.6 years. We used penalized (lasso) regression with linear mixed models to assess relationships between preschool mood, anxiety, and behavioral symptoms (parent‐reported) and school‐age predictors of BPSD onset (i.e., risk score, subthreshold manic symptoms, and mood lability), adjusting for demographics and parental symptomatology. Finally, we conducted survival analyses to assess associations between preschool symptoms and school‐age onset of BPSD and mood disorder.

Results

Of 113 preschool offspring, 33 developed new‐onset mood disorder, including 19 with new‐onset BPSD. Preschool irritability, sleep problems, and parental factors were lasso‐selected predictors of school‐age risk scores. After accounting for demographic and parental factors, preschool symptoms were no longer significant. Lasso regressions to predict mood lability and subthreshold manic symptoms yielded similar predictors (irritability, sleep problems, and parental affective lability), but preschool symptoms remained predictive even after adjusting for parental factors (ps < .005). Exploratory analyses indicated that preschool irritability univariately predicted new‐onset BPSD (p = .02) and mood disorder (p = .02).

Conclusions

These results provide initial prospective evidence that, as early as preschool, youth who will develop elevated risk scores, mood lability, and subthreshold manic symptoms are already showing symptomatology; these preschool symptoms also predict new‐onset BPSD. While replication of findings in larger samples is warranted, results point to the need for earlier assessment of risk and development of early interventions.
Adolescent functional network connectivity prospectively predicts adult anxiety symptoms related to perceived COVID‐19 economic adversity
Authors: Hardi Felicia A. , Goetschius Leigh G. , McLoyd Vonnie , Lopez‐Duran Nestor L. , Mitchell Colter , Hyde Luke W. , Beltz Adriene M. , Monk Christopher S.
Published: December 2022

Background

Stressful events, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, are major contributors to anxiety and depression, but only a subset of individuals develop psychopathology. In a population‐based sample (N = 174) with a high representation of marginalized individuals, this study examined adolescent functional network connectivity as a marker of susceptibility to anxiety and depression in the context of adverse experiences.

Methods

Data‐driven network‐based subgroups were identified using an unsupervised community detection algorithm within functional neural connectivity. Neuroimaging data collected during emotion processing (age 15) were extracted from a priori regions of interest linked to anxiety and depression. Symptoms were self‐reported at ages 15, 17, and 21 (during COVID‐19). During COVID‐19, participants reported on pandemic‐related economic adversity. Differences across subgroup networks were first examined, then subgroup membership and subgroup–adversity interaction were tested to predict change in symptoms over time.

Results

Two subgroups were identified: Subgroup A, characterized by relatively greater neural network variation (i.e., heterogeneity) and density with more connections involving the amygdala, subgenual cingulate, and ventral striatum; and the more homogenous Subgroup B, with more connections involving the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate. Accounting for initial symptoms, subgroup A individuals had greater increases in symptoms across time (β = .138, p = .042), and this result remained after adjusting for additional covariates (β = .194, p = .023). Furthermore, there was a subgroup–adversity interaction: compared with Subgroup B, Subgroup A reported greater anxiety during the pandemic in response to reported economic adversity (β = .307, p = .006), and this remained after accounting for initial symptoms and many covariates (β = .237, p = .021).

Conclusions

A subgrouping algorithm identified young adults who were susceptible to adversity using their personalized functional network profiles derived from a priori brain regions. These results highlight potential prospective neural signatures involving heterogeneous emotion networks that predict individuals at the greatest risk for anxiety when experiencing adverse events.
Single‐retainer all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses: Long‐term outcomes in the esthetic zone
Authors: Kern Matthias , Gläser Rainer
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To present an update on the concept of cantilevered single‐retainer all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) first presented 25 years ago in the Journal of Esthetic Dentistry.

Overview

The initially presented case of the concept was followed clinically over 26 years and is presented along with two additional clinical long‐term cases using varying methods to obtain an esthetic and hygienic ovate pontic design. Veneered alumina and zirconia ceramic (3 mol% yttria–tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic; 3Y‐TZP) was used and bonded with a phosphate monomer containing luting resin after 50 μm alumina particle air‐abrasion at 0.25 MPa pressure. The restorations replacing incisors did not debond and soft tissues in the pontic area were maintained over 26 years.

Conclusions

Cantilevered single‐retainer all‐ceramic RBFDPs today made from veneered 3Y‐TZP zirconia ceramic can be considered a standard of care for the replacement of single incisors and provide an excellent esthetic outcome with a long‐term preservation of soft tissues in the pontic area.

Clinical Significance

Bonding nonretentive oxides ceramics such as alumina and zirconia ceramic with phosphate monomer containing luting resins after alumina particle air‐abrasion is durable over decades. This proves that bonding to zirconia ceramic is not of any problem when adequate methods are used. Single‐retainer zirconia ceramic RBFDPs maintain soft tissues in the edentulous area of single missing incisors and often deem implants unessential for this indication.
Brassinosteroid signaling regulates phosphate starvation‐induced malate secretion in plants
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Deng Suren , Zhang Cheng , Yang Xu , Shi Lei , Xu Fangsen , Wang Sheliang , Wang Chuang
Published: December 2022

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is often limited in soils due to precipitation with iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al). To scavenge heterogeneously distributed phosphorus (P) resources, plants have evolved a local Pi signaling pathway that induces malate secretion to solubilize the occluded Fe‐P or Al‐P oxides. In this study, we show that Pi limitation impaired brassinosteroid signaling and downregulated BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous 2,4‐epibrassinolide treatment or constitutive activation of BZR1 (in the bzr1‐D mutant) significantly reduced primary root growth inhibition under Pi‐starvation conditions by downregulating ALUMINUM‐ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1 (ALMT1) expression and malate secretion. Furthermore, AtBZR1 competitively suppressed the activator effect of SENSITIVITY TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) on ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis. The ratio of nuclear‐localized STOP1 and BZR1 determined ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Arabidopsis. In addition, BZR1‐inhibited malate secretion is conserved in rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings provide insight into plant mechanisms for optimizing the secretion of malate, an important carbon resource, to adapt to Pi‐deficiency stress.
Embodying dependency: Caribbean godna (tattoos) as female subordination and resistance
Authors: Kloß Sinah Theres
Published: December 2022

A tattoo has not one but multiple meanings, depending on the person and interpretations within a sociocultural context. To demonstrate, this article focuses on tattoo marks labeled godna in Suriname and Guyana and on their related tattooing practices. Godnas can be found among senior Hindu women, and can be interpreted as marks of subordination and resistance. They inscribe and actively (re)create asymmetrical power relations and embody different dimensions of dependency. Relating to the notion of service, they reinstate women's subalternized positionalities in socioreligious relationships and recreate experiences thereof, especially regarding husbands and in‐laws, gurus, and deities. However, they may also become a means of subverting patriarchal hierarchy and challenging colonial and orthodox religious structures.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID‐19 in Egypt: A tertiary care hospital experience
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek A , Abdulrahman Dalia A , Baz Eman G , Allam Reem M , Hamed Dina E , Elsayed Ashraf E A , Gohary Mahmoud M
Published: December 2022

Aim

We aimed to evaluate MIS‐C patients' clinical manifestations, laboratory test results and mortality outcomes in an Egyptian tertiary care university hospital.

Methods

We conducted a 12 month cross‐sectional study in a tertiary‐care university children's hospital. All paediatric patients (1 month to 16 years old) who met the CDC criteria for MIS‐C were enrolled in the study. We assessed patients' clinical presentations, complications, treatments, imaging studies, laboratory test results and outcomes. The baseline clinical and laboratory findings of survivors and non‐survivors were compared.

Results

Of 45 MIS‐C patients, 24 (53.3%) were males, and the median (interquartile range) age was 4 (1.25–10) years. All patients had fever, 64.4% had respiratory manifestations, 48.9% presented with coma, 44.4% presented with shock, 33.3% presented with seizures, 31.1% had abdominal pain, 28.9% had vomiting and 22.2% presented with cerebrovascular stroke. A total of 15 (33.3%) patients died, and the non‐survivors had a significantly higher incidence of respiratory manifestations (P = 0.028), shock (P = 0.034), cerebrovascular stroke (P = 0.043) and seizures (P = 0.044) as compared to the survivors. In addition, the serum levels of ferritin (P = 0.047), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.047) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in the non‐survivors as compared to the survivors.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, MIS‐C associated with COVID‐19 is a potentially fatal illness. Hospitalised patients with MIS‐C often have multi‐organ injuries affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. The deceased are more likely to exhibit respiratory manifestations, shock, cerebrovascular stroke, seizures and elevated serum levels of ferritin and liver enzymes.
Ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among adolescents: moderation by sleep regularity
Authors: Yip Tiffany , Feng Ye , Lorenzo Kyle , El‐Sheikh Mona
Published: December 2022

This study investigates how sleep regularity moderates the association between ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among diverse adolescents. The study included a 14‐day, daily diary and actigraphy study of ninth‐grade adolescents in the United States (N = 265; mean [SD] age 15.26 [0.62] years, 41.51% Asian, 21.13% Black, 37.35% Latinx, 71.32% female) who completed measures of demographic information and ethnic/racial discrimination (Daily Life Experiences Racism and Bother subscale). Sleep data were collected for 14 consecutive days with wrist actigraphy, and sleep regularity was calculated using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Academic grades were provided by the Department of Education. Discrimination frequency was associated with lower academic grades, and the SRI moderated this association. Compared to adolescents who had moderate and regular SRI profiles, adolescents with irregular SRI (i.e., lower sleep regularity) had stronger negative associations between discrimination and grades. On the other hand, for adolescents who had moderate to high sleep regularity, there was no significant association between discrimination and grades. This study underscores the importance of sleep regularity for adolescents’ academic achievement.
Intelligence predicts better cognitive performance after normal sleep but larger vulnerability to sleep deprivation
Authors: Balter Leonie J. T. , Sundelin Tina , Holding Benjamin C. , Petrovic Predrag , Axelsson John
Published: December 2022

Fluid intelligence is seen as a beneficial attribute, protecting against stress and ill‐health. Whether intelligence provides resilience to the cognitive effects of insufficient sleep was tested in the current pre‐registered experimental study. Participants (N = 182) completed the Raven's test (measuring fluid intelligence) and a normal night of sleep or a night of total sleep deprivation. Sleepiness and four cognitive tests were completed at 22:30 hours (baseline), and the following day after sleep manipulation. At baseline, higher fluid intelligence was associated with faster and more accurate arithmetic calculations, and better episodic memory, but not with spatial working memory, simple attention or sleepiness. Those with higher fluid intelligence were more, not less, impacted by sleep deprivation, evident for arithmetic ability, episodic memory and spatial working memory. We need to establish a more nuanced picture of the benefits of intelligence, where intelligence is not related to cognitive advantages in all situations.
Mixed‐Methods Approaches in Special Education Research
Authors: Love Hailey R. , Cook Bryan G. , Cook Lysandra
Published: December 2022

Mixed‐methods research can uniquely inform special education practice by combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches. However, its distinct features can also make mixed‐methods research difficult to understand and apply. In this article, we provide an introduction to mixed‐methods research purposes, designs, and quality considerations to help practitioners critically consume and apply this type of research when working with students with learning disabilities and their families. We describe three sample research studies to illustrate mixed‐methods designs and contributions. Our take‐home message is that mixed‐methods research (a) requires unique research practices to meaningfully combine qualitative and quantitative research approaches in a single study and (b) can be particularly useful for informing special education practice in real‐world contexts.
Circadian rhythms and the liver
Authors: Costa Rodolfo , Mangini Chiara , Domenie Esther D. , Zarantonello Lisa , Montagnese Sara
Published: December 2022

This narrative review briefly describes the mammalian circadian timing system, the specific features of the liver clock, also by comparison with other peripheral clocks, the role of the liver clock in the preparation of food intake, and its relationship with energy metabolism. It then goes on to provide a chronobiological perspective of the pathophysiology and management of several types of liver disease, with a particular focus on metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), decompensated cirrhosis and liver transplantation. Finally, it provides some insight into the potential contribution of circadian principles and circadian hygiene practices in preventing MAFLD, improving the prognosis of advanced liver disease and modulating liver transplantation outcomes.
Foxes and Hedgehogs in Legislatures: Why Do Some MPs Become Policy Specialists and Others Generalists?
Authors: Martínez‐Cantó Javier , Breunig Christian , Chaqués‐Bonafont Laura
Published: December 2022

Which legislators become specialized in particular policy areas (hedgehogs), and which develop into policy generalists (foxes)? Instead of focusing on the individual characteristics of MPs, we build on institutionalist literature and argue that an MP's specialization arises from an interaction between MP and parliamentary leadership. These interactions generate demand for policy generalists depending on a leadership position, committee membership, government status, and parliamentary group size. Policy specialization is measured by how many different topics a legislator addresses in Parliament. Using data from Germany from 1998 to 2013, topic‐coded parliamentary questions are combined with MPs' personal and partisan data. Descriptively, foxes are common in Germany and dominate in Parliament. The subsequent estimation indicates that policy specialists are related to government status and parliamentary group size.
Tissemouminites: A new group of primitive achondrites spanning the transition between acapulcoites and winonaites
Authors: Stephant A. , Carli C. , Anand M. , Néri A. , Davidson J. , Pratesi G. , Cuppone T. , Greenwood R. C. , Franchi I. A.
Published: December 2022

The Northwest Africa (NWA) 090 meteorite, initially classified as an acapulcoite, presents petrological, chemical, and isotopic characteristics comparable to a group of seven primitive winonaites: Dhofar 1222, NWA 725, NWA 1052, NWA 1054, NWA 1058, NWA 1463, and NWA 8614. Five of these samples were previously classified as acapulcoites or ungrouped achondrites before being reclassified as winonaites based on their oxygen isotopic compositions. These misclassifications are indicative of the particular compositional nature of these primitive achondrites. All contain relict chondrules and a lower closure temperature of metamorphism of 820 ± 20 °C compared to other typical winonaites, as well as mineral elemental compositions similar to those of acapulcoites. The oxygen isotopic signature of these samples, δ17O of 1.18 ± 0.17‰, δ18O of 3.18 ± 0.30‰, and Δ17O of −0.47 ± 0.02, is in fact resolvable from both acapulcoites and winonaites. We investigate the relationship between these eight primitive achondrites, typical winonaites, and acapulcoites, to redefine petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical criteria of primitive achondrite classification. Distinguishing between winonaites, acapulcoites, and this group of eight primitive achondrites can be unambiguously done using a combination of several mineralogical and chemical criteria. A combination of olivine fayalite content and FeO/MnO ratio, as well as plagioclase potassium content allow us to separate these three groups without the absolute necessity of oxygen isotope analyses. NWA 090 as well as the other seven primitive achondrites, although related to winonaites, are most likely derived from a parent body distinct from winonaites and acapulcoites–lodranites, and define a new group of primitive achondrites that can be referred to as tissemouminites.
Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire
Authors: Pulido‐Chavez M. Fabiola , Randolph James W. J. , Zalman Cassandra , Larios Loralee , Homyak Peter M. , Glassman Sydney I.
Published: December 2022

The rise in wildfire frequency and severity across the globe has increased interest in secondary succession. However, despite the role of soil microbial communities in controlling biogeochemical cycling and their role in the regeneration of post‐fire vegetation, the lack of measurements immediately post‐fire and at high temporal resolution has limited understanding of microbial secondary succession. To fill this knowledge gap, we sampled soils at 17, 25, 34, 67, 95, 131, 187, 286, and 376 days after a southern California wildfire in fire‐adapted chaparral shrublands. We assessed bacterial and fungal biomass with qPCR of 16S and 18S and richness and composition with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS2 amplicons. Fire severely reduced bacterial biomass by 47%, bacterial richness by 46%, fungal biomass by 86%, and fungal richness by 68%. The burned bacterial and fungal communities experienced rapid succession, with 5–6 compositional turnover periods. Analogous to plants, turnover was driven by “fire‐loving” pyrophilous microbes, many of which have been previously found in forests worldwide and changed markedly in abundance over time. Fungal secondary succession was initiated by the Basidiomycete yeastGeminibasidium, which traded off against the filamentous AscomycetesPyronema,Aspergillus, andPenicillium. For bacteria, the ProteobacteriaMassiliadominated all year, but the FirmicuteBacillusand ProteobacteriaNoviherbaspirillumincreased in abundance over time. Our high‐resolution temporal sampling allowed us to capture post‐fire microbial secondary successional dynamics and suggest that putative tradeoffs in thermotolerance, colonization, and competition among dominant pyrophilous microbes control microbial succession with possible implications for ecosystem function.
Serine proteases mediate leukocyte recruitment and hepatic microvascular injury in the acute phase following extended hepatectomy
Authors: Zhang Yunjie , Huber Patrick , Praetner Marc , Zöllner Alice , Holdt Lesca , Khandoga Andrej , Lerchenberger Maximilian
Published: December 2022

Objective

Post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the main limitation of extended liver resection. The molecular mechanism and the role of leukocytes in the development of PHLF remain to be unveiled. We aimed to address the impact of serine proteases (SPs) on the acute phase after liver resection by intravitally analyzing leukocyte recruitment and changes in hemodynamics and microcirculation of the liver.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice undergoing 60% partial hepatectomy were treated with aprotinin (broad‐spectrum SP inhibitor), tranexamic acid (plasmin inhibitor), or vehicle. Sham‐operated animals served as controls. In vivo fluorescence microscopy was used to quantify leukocyte‐endothelial interactions immediately after, as well as 120 min after partial hepatectomy in postsinusoidal venules, along with measurement of sinusoidal perfusion rate and postsinusoidal shear rate. Recruitment of leukocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and parameters of liver injury were assessed in tissue/blood samples.

Results

Leukocyte recruitment, sinusoidal perfusion failure rate, and shear rate were significantly increased in mice after 60% partial hepatectomy compared to sham‐operated animals. The inhibition of SPs or plasmin significantly attenuated leukocyte recruitment and improved the perfusion rate in the remnant liver. ICAM‐1 expression and neutrophil recruitment significantly increased after 60% partial hepatectomy and were strongly reduced by plasmin inhibition.

Conclusions

Endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment in the liver in response to the increment of sinusoidal shear rate were hallmarks in the acute phase after liver resection. SPs mediated leukocyte recruitment and contributed to the impairment of sinusoidal perfusion in an ICAM‐1‐dependent manner in the acute phase after liver resection.