bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G6PD Potenza: A Novel Pathogenic Variant Broadening the Mutational Landscape in the Italian Population
Authors: Ricciardi Tenore Claudio , Tulli Eugenia , Calò Claudia , Bertozzi Roberto , Evangelista Jessica , Maneri Giulia , Rinelli Martina , Brisighelli Francesca , Perrucci Alessia , De Paolis Elisa , Urbani Andrea , De Bonis Maria , Minucci Angelo
Published: October 2024

Background: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. The loss of G6PD activity in red blood cells increases the risk of acute haemolytic anaemia under oxidative stress induced by infections, some medications, or fava beans. More than 200 single missense mutations are known in the G6PD gene. A 41-year-old woman with a family history of favism coming from the Basilicata region (Italy) was evaluated at our hospital for G6PD abnormalities. Methods: DNA was extracted from a peripheral blood sample and genotyped for the most common G6PD pathogenic variants (PVs). Positive results obtained by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), as per practice in our laboratory, were then reconfirmed in Sanger sequencing. Results: RFLP analysis highlighted a variant compatible with the G6PD Cassano variant. Confirmatory testing by Sanger unexpectedly identified a novel variant: c.1357G>A, p.(Val453Met) (NM_001360016.2); the same variant was found in the patient’s mother. In silico models predicted a deleterious effect of this variant at the protein level. The novel G6PD variant was named “G6PD Potenza” on the basis of the patient’s regional origin. Conclusions: This case describes a novel G6PD variant. It also highlights how the Sanger sequencing technique still represents an indispensable confirmatory standard method for variants that could be misinterpreted by only using a “first-level” approach, such as the RFLP. We stress that the evaluation of clinical manifestations in G6PD-deficient patients is of primary importance for the classification of each new G6PD mutation, in agreement with the new WHO guidelines.
Seismic Response of a Cable-Stayed Bridge with Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) Pylons Equipped with the Seesaw System
Authors: Katsimpini Panagiota , Papagiannopoulos George , Hatzigeorgiou George
Published: October 2024

This research examines the seismic behavior of a cable-stayed bridge featuring concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) pylons, which includes the seesaw system. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of the seesaw system in mitigating the seismic response of the bridge across various earthquake scenarios, while also accounting for the implications of soil–structure interaction (SSI). A comprehensive finite element model of the bridge is constructed, incorporating the CFST pylons, cable system, and the novel seesaw energy dissipation system. This model is tested against a range of ground motions that reflect different seismic hazard levels and characteristics. The impact of SSI is analyzed through a series of parametric studies that explore various soil conditions and foundation types. The findings indicate that the implementation of the seesaw system markedly decreases the seismic demands placed on the bridge structure, particularly regarding deck displacements, pylon base shear, and cable forces. Furthermore, the study underscores the significant influence of SSI on the dynamic behavior of the bridge system, emphasizing the necessity of its inclusion in seismic design and analysis. This research enhances the understanding of seismic protection strategies for cable-stayed bridges, providing valuable insights into the advantages of integrating energy dissipation systems and recognizing the importance of SSI effects in evaluating seismic performance.
Santorini Volcanic Complex (SVC): How Much Has the Crustal Velocity Structure Changed since the 2011–2012 Unrest, and at What Point Are We Now?
Authors: Karakonstantis Andreas , Vallianatos Filippos
Published: October 2024

This study is focused on one of the most active features of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc Southern Aegean Sea, the Santorini Island Volcanic Complex (SVC). The recent volcano-tectonic crisis in the intracalderic area has emerged the need for closer monitoring of the region. The 2011–2012 unrest has been attributed to the augmentation of fluid flow inside local mapped fracture zones. After March 2012, the seismic activity dropped significantly, raising questions about whether we would have a long period of quiescence or be on a break before the next period of unrest. In this research, a re-examination of the seismic outbreak of 2011–2012 was conducted by adding more travel-time data from 2013 while we further analyzed the waveform data from 2014 to May 2024 to explore the differences of the SVC body-wave velocity structure by performing seismic tomography in these two time windows. The new dataset serves to identify the state of the Santorini Volcanic Complex. The results show a significant reduction in Vp and Vs anomalies at shallow depths since the period of unrest. At the same time, the distribution of Vp/Vs ratio remains high (>1.87) in the area NNE of Kameni at a shallower depth (2 km). The areas of Christiana Islands and Columbo volcano are mainly characterized by negative body-wave anomalies and low Vp/Vs ratio (1.56–1.64) at shallow depths for the study period, while a possible explanation to results in the submarine volcano may be explained by dry steam/gas phases that may have resulted in the generation of the swarms that occurred in the region.
Predictive Factors for Onset of Moderate-to-Severe Disability Following Hospital Discharge Due to Rib Fractures
Authors: Granados Santiago María , López López Laura , Quero Valenzuela Florencio , Calvache Mateo Andrés , Martín Núñez Javier , Ortiz Rubio Araceli , Valenza Marie Carmen
Published: October 2024

Background: According to previous studies, a prolonged hospital stay, along with the patient’s clinical features, can lead to the onset of disability. Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictive factors of moderate-to-severe disability following hospital discharge in rib fracture patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with hospitalized adult patients with rib fractures who received conservative treatment. Patients’ clinical profiles and characteristics were collected from their clinical histories and healthcare professional records. Results: Overall, patients exhibited a 44% rate of moderate-to-severe disability after a six-day hospital stay. The incidence of patients with a prolonged hospital stay who showed disabilities was associated with male sex (HR 0.73, p < 0.001), presence of first rib fracture (HR 1.78, p = 0.047), presence of flail chest (HR 1.29, p = 0.046), severity of lung injury (HR 1.65, p < 0.001), and functional status (HR 1.37, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Moderate-to-severe disability in patients with rib fractures may depend on factors such as sex, functionality, severity of lung injury, and presence of first rib fracture and flail chest during a prolonged hospital stay.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Museum Visitors’ Experiences Research
Authors: Nigatu Tesfaye Fentaw , Trupp Alexander , Teh Pek Yen
Published: October 2024

This study identified research trends, intellectual connections, and social connections in the field of museum visitor experiences. It also outlines future research to understand existing scientific research and shed light on key areas of research. The study reviewed 407 articles published in peer-reviewed journal articles, which were generated from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer and Harzing POP were used. Citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliometric coupling, and co-occurrence analysis have been employed. Findings highlight the need for increased representation from scholars in the Global South to ensure a more inclusive and comprehensive understanding of museum visitors’ experiences worldwide. Nine key research areas for future studies were identified: sustainability, mixed reality, social media, accessibility, emotion, co-creation, interpretation, exhibition, and museum visitors’ experience and engagement. The results benefit stakeholders and researchers by allowing them to stay informed about the latest developments and breakthroughs in the global academic landscape and visitors’ experiences in museums.
Impact of Oral Hygiene Practices in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk, Incidence, and Mortality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Church Lauren , Franks Kay , Medara Nidhi , Curkovic Karolina , Singh Baani , Mehta Jaimit , Bhatti Raied , King Shalinie
Published: October 2024

Cardiometabolic diseases share many modifiable risk factors. However, periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the gums, is a risk factor that is rarely publicized. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of oral hygiene practices on the risk, incidence, and/or mortality rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINHAL. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and observational studies were included. Eligible studies reported on associations of toothbrushing, interdental cleaning, mouthwash, or toothpaste use, either alone or in combination with CVD, CKD, and/or T2DM outcomes in adults ≥ 18 years. Fifty-five studies were included. Cochrane’s risk of bias tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale were used for quality assessment. Data synthesis is narratively presented. Toothbrushing and interdental cleaning were associated with lower risk of developing T2DM or hypertension HR 0.54 [p < 0.001] and a lower mortality risk in those with CVD HR = 0.25 [p = 0.03]. Mouthwash use reportedly increased the risk of developing hypertension and diabetes by 85% and 55%, respectively. This review highlights how simple oral hygiene practices can reduce cardiometabolic risk. Non-dental clinicians could integrate the findings into chronic disease health promotion.
Developing a Public Health Course to Train Undergraduate Student Health Messengers to Address Vaccine Hesitancy in an American Indian Community
Authors: Begay Chassity , Kahn Carmella B. , Johnson Tressica , Dickerson Christopher J. , Tutt Marissa , Begay Amber-Rose , Bauer Mark , Teufel-Shone Nicolette I.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the Diné Teachings and Public Health Students Informing Peers and Relatives about Vaccine Education (RAVE) project was to develop strategies for health communication that addressed COVID-19 vaccine safety for residents of the Navajo Nation. The RAVE project developed a 16-week course using the Diné Educational Philosophy as a framework to train Diné College (DC) public health undergraduate students (n = 16) as health messengers to share COVID-19 vaccine safety information with unvaccinated peers and relatives. An online community survey (n = 50) was used to assess DC community vaccination perceptions to guide course development. The two primary reasons survey participants got vaccinated were to protect the health of others [82% (n = 41)] and to protect their own health [76% (n = 38)]. A pretest/post-test and a retrospective pretest (n = 13) were implemented to determine course effectiveness. A finding approaching significance was related to student confidence in being health messengers (9.1% increase). RAVE offers the first example in the published literature of successfully training American Indian undergraduate students in the context of a public health course to contribute to the response workforce during a public health crisis.
Spatially Varying Effect Mechanism of Intermodal Connection on Metro Ridership: Evidence from a Polycentric Megacity with Multilevel Ring Roads
Authors: Peng Bozhezi , Wang Tao , Zhang Yi , Li Chaoyang , Lu Chunxia
Published: October 2024

Understanding the spatially varying effect mechanism of intermodal connection on metro ridership helps policymakers develop differentiated interventions to promote metro usage, especially for megacities with multiple city sub-centers and ring roads. Using multiple datasets in Shanghai, this study combines Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) with Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) to explore these effects with the consideration of the built environment and metro network topology. Results show that the collective impacts of intermodal connection are positive, not only within the main city but also alongside the main commuting corridors, while negative effects occur in the peripheral area. Specifically, bike sharing trips increase metro ridership within the inner ring of the city, while bus services lower metro usage at stations alongside the elevated ring roads. Parking facilities enable metro usage at city sub-centers, and the small pedestrian catchment area increases metro riders alongside the main commuting corridors. Empirical findings help policymakers understand the effect mechanism of intermodal connection for stations in different regions and prioritize customized planning strategies.
SILAC-Based Characterization of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Patients Undergoing Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Resch Ulrike , Hackl Hubert , Pereyra David , Santol Jonas , Brunnthaler Laura , Probst Joel , Jankoschek Anna Sofie , Aiad Monika , Nolte Hendrik , Krueger Marcus , Starlinger Patrick , Assinger Alice
Published: October 2024

Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains a significant risk for patients undergoing partial hepatectomy (PHx). Reliable prognostic markers and treatments to enhance liver regeneration are lacking. Plasma nanoparticles, including lipoproteins, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), can reflect systemic and tissue-wide proteostasis and stress, potentially aiding liver regeneration. However, their role in PHLF is still unknown. Methods: Our study included nine patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing PHx: three patients with PHLF, three patients undergoing the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) procedure, and three matched controls without complications after PHx. Patient plasma was collected before PHx as well as 1 and 5 days after. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and extracted proteins were subjected to quantitative mass spectrometry using a super-SILAC mix prepared from primary and cancer cell lines. Results: We identified 2625 and quantified 2570 proteins in the EVs of PHx patients. Among these, 53 proteins were significantly upregulated and 32 were downregulated in patients with PHLF compared to those without PHLF. Furthermore, 110 proteins were upregulated and 78 were downregulated in PHLF patients compared to those undergoing ALPPS. The EV proteomic signature in PHLF indicates significant disruptions in protein translation, proteostasis, and intracellular vesicle biogenesis, as well as alterations in proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and the metabolic and cell cycle pathways, already present before PHx. Conclusions: Longitudinal proteomic analysis of the EVs circulating in the plasma of human patients undergoing PHx uncovers proteomic signatures associated with PHLF, which reflect dying hepatocytes and endothelial cells and were already present before PHx.
Unraveling the Role of JMJD1B in Genome Stability and the Malignancy of Melanomas
Authors: Cruz Perla , Peña-Lopez Diego , Figueroa Diego , Riobó Isidora , Benedetti Vincenzo , Saavedra Francisco , Espinoza-Arratia Claudia , Escobar Thelma M. , Lladser Alvaro , Loyola Alejandra
Published: October 2024

Genome instability relies on preserving the chromatin structure, with any histone imbalances threating DNA integrity. Histone synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, followed by a maturation process before their nuclear translocation. This maturation involves protein folding and the establishment of post-translational modifications. Disruptions in this pathway hinder chromatin assembly and contribute to genome instability. JMJD1B, a histone demethylase, not only regulates gene expression but also ensures a proper supply of histones H3 and H4 for the chromatin assembly. Reduced JMJD1B levels lead to the cytoplasmic accumulation of histones, causing defects in the chromatin assembly and resulting in DNA damage. To investigate the role of JMJD1B in regulating genome stability and the malignancy of melanoma tumors, we used a JMJD1B/KDM3B knockout in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells to perform tumorigenic and genome instability assays. Additionally, we analyzed the transcriptomic data of human cutaneous melanoma tumors. Our results show the enhanced tumorigenic properties of JMJD1B knockout melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The γH2AX staining, Micrococcal Nuclease sensitivity, and comet assays demonstrated increased DNA damage and genome instability. The JMJD1B expression in human melanoma tumors correlates with a lower mutational burden and fewer oncogenic driver mutations. Our findings highlight JMJD1B’s role in maintaining genome integrity by ensuring a proper histone supply to the nucleus, expanding its function beyond gene expression regulation. JMJD1B emerges as a crucial player in preserving genome stability and the development of melanoma, with a potential role as a safeguard against oncogenic mutations.
Three-Dimensional iPSC-Based In Vitro Cardiac Models for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Applications
Authors: Bufi Simona , Santoro Rosaria
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide. Advanced in vitro models can be the key stone for a better understanding of the mechanisms at the basis of the different pathologies, supporting the development of novel therapeutic protocols. In particular, the implementation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows for the generation of a patient-specific pluripotent cell line that is able to differentiate in several organ-specific cell subsets while retaining the patient genetic background, thus putting the basis for personalized in vitro modeling toward personalized medicine. The design of iPSC-based models able to recapitulate the complexity of the cardiac environment is a critical goal. Here, we review some of the published efforts to exploit three dimensional (3D) iPSC-based methods to recapitulate the relevant cardiomyopathies, including genetically and non-genetically determined cardiomyopathies and cardiotoxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the actual method limitations and the future perspectives in the field.
Systems Biology Methods via Genome-Wide RNA Sequences to Investigate Pathogenic Mechanisms for Identifying Biomarkers and Constructing a DNN-Based Drug–Target Interaction Model to Predict Potential Molecular Drugs for Treating Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Chou Sheng-Ping , Chuang Yung-Jen , Chen Bor-Sen
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to construct genome-wide genetic and epigenetic networks (GWGENs) of atopic dermatitis (AD) and healthy controls through systems biology methods based on genome-wide microarray data. Subsequently, the core GWGENs of AD and healthy controls were extracted from their real GWGENs by the principal network projection (PNP) method for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation. Then, we identified the abnormal signaling pathways by comparing the core signaling pathways of AD and healthy controls to investigate the pathogenesis of AD. Then, IL-1β, GATA3, Akt, and NF-κB were selected as biomarkers for their important roles in the abnormal regulation of downstream genes, leading to cellular dysfunctions in AD patients. Next, a deep neural network (DNN)-based drug–target interaction (DTI) model was pre-trained on DTI databases to predict molecular drugs that interact with these biomarkers. Finally, we screened the candidate molecular drugs based on drug toxicity, sensitivity, and regulatory ability as drug design specifications to select potential molecular drugs for these biomarkers to treat AD, including metformin, allantoin, and U-0126, which have shown potential for therapeutic treatment by regulating abnormal immune responses and restoring the pathogenic signaling pathways of AD.
Molecular Mechanism of 5,6-Dihydroxyflavone in Suppressing LPS-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Cao Yujia , Tan Yee-Joo , Huang Dejian
Published: October 2024

5,6-dihydroxyflavone (5,6-DHF), a flavonoid that possesses potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities owing to its special catechol motif on the A ring. However, its function and mechanism of action against inflammation and cellular oxidative stress have not been elucidated. In the current study, 5,6-DHF was observed inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with the IC50 of 11.55 ± 0.64 μM and 0.8310 ± 0.633 μM in murine macrophages, respectively. Meanwhile, 5,6-DHF suppressed the overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as proteins and cytokines and eradicated the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). The blockage of the activation of cell surface toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), impediment of the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 from the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) from the JAK-STAT pathway, and p65 from nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were involved in the process of 5,6-DHF suppressing inflammation. Furthermore, 5,6-DHF acted as a cellular ROS scavenger and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inducer in relieving cellular oxidative stress. Importantly, 5,6-DHF exerted more potent anti-inflammatory activity than its close structural relatives, such as baicalein and chrysin. Overall, our findings pave the road for further research on 5,6-DHF in animal models.
Pleasant Odor Decreases Mouse Anxiety-like Behaviors by Regulating Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Signaling
Authors: Bi Jia-Rui , Zha Hai-Wei , Gao Qing-Lin , Wu Hui , Liu Zhen-Jiang , Sun Dong
Published: October 2024

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders, and affects many people’s daily activities. Although the pathogenesis and treatments of anxiety disorder have been studied for several decades, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence that olfactory stimuli with inhaled linalool or 2-phenylethanol decreased mouse anxiety-like behaviors and increased the activities of hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs). RNA-sequencing analysis identified retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, which is a critical pathway for mood regulation and neuron activation, is altered in the hippocampus of both linalool- and 2-phenylethanol-exposed mice. Further studies found that selective inhibition of endocannabinoid signaling by injecting rimonabant abolished the activation of DGCs and the anxiolytic effect induced by linalool or 2-phenylethanol. Together, these results uncovered a novel mechanism by which linalool or 2-phenylethanol decreases mouse anxiety-like behaviors and increases DG activity likely through activating hippocampal retrograde endocannabinoid signaling.
Effects of Tooth Desensitizers on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation Using a Modified Robbins Device Flow Cell System
Authors: Kornsombut Niraya , Takenaka Shoji , Manuschai Jutharat , Sotozono Maki , Nagata Ryoko , Ida Takako , Sato Risako , Saito Rui , Takahashi Ryouhei , Sato Daichi , Noiri Yuichiro
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the antibiofilm effects of dentin desensitizers using a modified Robbins device flow cell system. The test desensitizers were Saforide, Caredyne Shield, and Clinpro White Varnish. Standardized dentin specimens were prepared from human single-rooted premolars, treated with one of the materials, and mounted on the modified Robbins device flow cell system. Streptococcus mutans biofilms were developed for 24 h at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, viable and total cell counts, acid production, and gene expression analyses were performed. A wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyzer was used to analyze the ion incorporations. Clinpro White Varnish showed the greatest inhibition, suggesting its suppression of bacterial adherence and transcription of genes related to biofilm formation. Saforide reduced only the number of viable bacteria, but other results showed no significant difference. The antibiofilm effects of Caredyne Shield were limited. The uptake of ions released from a material into dentin varies depending on the element. Clinpro White Varnish is effective for the short-term treatment of tooth sensitivity due to dentin demineralization. It prioritizes remineralization by supplying calcium and fluoride ions while resisting biofilm formation.
Advancing Patient Care with an Intelligent and Personalized Medication Engagement System
Authors: Ismail Ahsan , Naeem Muddasar , Syed Madiha Haider , Abbas Musarat , Coronato Antonio
Published: October 2024

Therapeutic efficacy is affected by adherence failure as also demonstrated by WHO clinical studies that 50–70% of patients follow a treatment plan properly. Patients’ failure to follow prescribed drugs is the main reason for morbidity and mortality and more cost of healthcare services. Adherence to medication could be improved with the use of patient engagement systems. Such engagement systems can include a patient’s preferences and beliefs in the treatment plans, resulting in more responsive and customized treatments. However, one key limitation of the existing engagement systems is their generic applications. We propose a personalized framework for patient medication engagement using AI methods such as Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Deep Learning (DL). The proposed Personalized Medication Engagement System (PMES) has two major components. The first component of the PMES is based on an RL agent, which is trained on adherence reports and later utilized to engage a patient. The RL agent, after training, can identify each patient’s patterns of responsiveness by observing and learning their response to signs and then optimize for each individual. The second component of the proposed system is based on DL and is used to monitor the medication process. The additional feature of the PMES is that it is cloud-based and can be utilized anywhere remotely. Moreover, the system is personalized as the RL component of PMES can be trained for each patient separately, while the DL part of the PMES can be trained for a given medication plan. Thus, the advantage of the proposed work is two-fold, i.e., RL component of the framework improves adherence to medication while the DL component minimizes medication errors.
Improving the Efficiency and Safety of Sentinel Stink Bug Eggs Using X-rays
Authors: Hougardy Evelyne , Haff Ronald P. , Hogg Brian N.
Published: October 2024

Sentinel eggs used to monitor field parasitism of stink bug pests (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) can only be deployed for a few days to avoid releasing the pest in the monitored area. Using sterile eggs removes the risk of accidental pest introduction and extends deployment time. Freezing the eggs before deployment is one common method of sterilizing sentinel eggs. However, some egg parasitoid species have low or no parasitism on frozen eggs. In this study, X-ray irradiation was used to sterilize Bagrada hilaris sentinel eggs intended for monitoring parasitism by Gryon aetherium (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), the most promising biological control candidate. In this case, freezing sentinel eggs is not recommended because G. aetherium has low levels of parasitism on frozen eggs. Doses as low as 10 Gy induced 100% sterility. Irradiated eggs successfully sustained the development of G. aetherium and Ooencyrtus californicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), another egg parasitoid attacking B. hilaris, and parasitism levels were comparable to that of fresh eggs up to seven days old. In addition, G. aetherium showed no preference for fresh non-irradiated eggs over seven-day-old irradiated eggs. Our results indicate that X-ray irradiation is a suitable alternative to produce safe and reliable sentinel eggs to monitor the egg parasitism of B. hilaris and possibly other species.
Effect of Pulmonary Vein Isolation with Left Atrial Wall Isolation Plus Selective CFAE Ablation in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Pang Yang , Yu Tao , Xu Ye , Chen Qingxing , Ling Yunlong , Liu Guijian , Cheng Kuan , Ge Junbo , Zhu Wenqing
Published: October 2024

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a foundational treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF), but the effectiveness of adding posterior wall isolation (PWI) and selective complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) ablation in the roof and anterior wall remains debated. The potential of these additional ablation techniques to improve long-term outcomes for PeAF patients is still uncertain. Methods: This retrospective study included 151 PeAF patients who underwent first-time catheter ablation at our center. The choice of ablation strategy was based on the operator’s clinical judgment, taking into account the patient’s specific condition and anatomical features. Patients were divided into two groups: the PVI group, which received PVI alone, and the modified PWI (MPWI) group, which received PVI along with additional PWI and selective CFAEs ablation in the roof and anterior wall. The primary endpoint was the absence of atrial arrhythmia lasting more than 30 s, without antiarrhythmic drugs, at 12 months. Results: At the 12-month follow-up, 77.3% of the patients in the MPWI group and 52.1% of the patients in the PVI group remained in sinus rhythm without an atrial arrhythmia recurrence (p = 0.001). The BIC-based Cox regression analysis identified the ablation strategy and atrial fibrillation (AF) duration as independent predictors of recurrence across the cohort. It was found that MPWI significantly reduced the risk of recurrence, while a longer AF duration increased it. In the MPWI group, AF duration, left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDs), and moderate or greater tricuspid regurgitation were independent predictors of recurrence. In the PVI group, only the left atrial low voltage area (LVA) index was a significant predictor. Conclusion: The addition of PWI and selective CFAE ablation to PVI significantly improves 12-month arrhythmia-free survival compared to PVI alone, demonstrating the superiority of this combined approach in improving long-term outcomes for patients with persistent AF.
Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy Does Not Compromise Functional and Radiographic Outcomes of Femoral Stem Revisions with the Use of an Uncemented Modular Conical Stem
Authors: Jopek Tomasz , Chodór Paweł , Łapaj Łukasz , Woźniak Waldemar , Michalak Sławomir , Kruczyński Jacek
Published: October 2024

Background: Stem revisions in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) with proximal bone stock loss may be dealt with utilizing modular, uncemented conical stems. During stem extraction, surgeons may resort to extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO). However, ETO is associated with extensive blood loss and infections. This study compared the clinical outcomes, radiographic results and complications in THA revisions utilizing conical modular stem with and without ETO. Methods: Patients who underwent revision THA with or without ETO were assessed retrospectively. The minimal follow-up was 3 years. The functional evaluation included Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) as well as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Numerical Rating Scale for pain assessment. The radiographic evaluation comprised bone defect assessment, osteotomy healing, stem migration and position, presence of radiolucent lines and stress shielding. Results: In total, 73 patients (80 hips) were included in the final analysis. The ETO group comprised 48 hips, and the no-ETO group comprised 32 hips. In the ETO group, pre-operative WOMAC scores were lower than in the no-ETO group (p = 0.012). No significant differences were found in terms of post-operative HHS, WOMAC, and NRS scores between groups, except worse results were found in the case of claw plate implantation. Patients in the no-ETO group exhibited better results in SF-36 than in the ETO-group. Osteotomy non-union was observed in four hips (9.5%). Stam varus/valgus position was within ±1.5 degrees (85.9%). Conclusions: ETO does not adversely impact outcomes in patients undergoing femoral stem revisions with modular conical stems. The invasive nature of these procedures prompts careful consideration in each case individually.
Factors Associated with Outcomes of Patients with Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19
Authors: Lee Soojin , Kang Gayeon , Song Seunghwan , Lee Kwangha , Yoo Wanho , Jang Hyojin , Jang Myung Hun
Published: October 2024

Background: The World Health Organization recommends extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a therapeutic option for the most critical cases of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, data on universally agreed-upon risk factors that contribute to ECMO weaning failure and mortality in COVID-19 patients undergoing ECMO are limited. This lack of consensus leads to significant uncertainties in developing effective management strategies for these patients. We aimed to identify the factors associated with early outcomes after ECMO support in patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, specifically the success rate of ECMO weaning and in-hospital mortality. Methods: We reviewed 25 patients with COVID-19 who received ECMO support at a single institution between January 2020 and July 2022. This retrospective data collection and review included clinical characteristics, adjunctive treatments, complications, and early patient outcomes. Results: A total of 72% of the patients were successfully weaned off ECMO, and 68% were discharged alive. Significant associations were observed between ECMO weaning success and in-hospital survival, particularly younger age and a history of rehabilitation therapy. Furthermore, the absence of a history of immunosuppressive therapy contributed significantly to successful ECMO weaning. Conclusions: Younger age and the implementation of rehabilitation therapy are associated with improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 receiving ECMO support.
Radiation Exposure with Self-Expandable Metallic Stent versus Transanal Decompression Tube for Malignant Colorectal Obstruction: A Post Hoc Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Tamaru Yuzuru , Kuwai Toshio , Hayashi Shiro , Nagaike Koji , Yakushijin Takayuki , Asai Satoshi , Yamamoto Masashi , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Yamada Takuya , Hasatani Kenkei , Ihara Hideyuki , Tsumura Hidetaka , Doyama Hisashi , Maetani Iruru , Fujisawa Toshio , Ito Yukiko , Takagi Tadayuki , Hori Yasuki , Takenaka Mamoru , Hosono Makoto , Nishida Tsutomu
Published: October 2024

Background: Although several reports have compared the outcomes of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMSs) and transanal decompression tube (TDT) placement for malignant colorectal obstruction (MCO), few studies have compared the radiation exposure (RE) associated with these two procedures. Consequently, we aimed to compare the RE of SEMS and TDT placements for MCO using propensity score matching (PSM) in a multi-center, prospective observational study. Methods: This study investigated the clinical data of 236 patients who underwent SEMS or TDT placement. The air kerma at the patient entrance reference point (Ka,r: mGy) and air kerma–area product (PKA; Gycm2) were measured and compared between SEMS and TDT groups after PSM. Results: After PSM, 61 patients were identified in each group. The median Ka,r in the SEMS group was significantly greater than that in the TDT group (77.4 vs. 55.6 mGy; p = 0.025) across the entire cohort. With respect to subgroup analyses by location, in the rectum, the median Ka, r and PKA were significantly greater in the SEMS group than in the TDT group (172.9 vs. 34.6 mGy; p = 0.001; and 46.0 vs. 18.1 Gycm2; p = 0.006, respectively). However, in the colon, the RE parameters did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: TDT might be a more suitable option for decompression in patients with malignant rectal obstruction due to its lower RE and technical advantages. Conversely, SEMS placement is recommended as the first decompression method to treat malignant colonic obstruction, in line with the current guidelines.
Enhancing Cybersecurity through Comprehensive Investigation of Data Flow-Based Attack Scenarios
Authors: Abbaspour Asadollah Sara , Imtiaz Shamoona , Dehlaghi-Ghadim Alireza , Sjödin Mikael , Sirjani Marjan
Published: October 2024

Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial settings necessitates robust cybersecurity measures to mitigate risks such as data leakage, vulnerability exploitation, and compromised information flows. Recent cyberattacks on critical industrial systems have highlighted the lack of threat analysis in software development processes. While existing threat modeling frameworks such as STRIDE enumerate potential security threats, they often lack detailed mapping of the sequences of threats that adversaries might exploit to apply cyberattacks. Our study proposes an enhanced approach to systematic threat modeling and data flow-based attack scenario analysis for integrating cybersecurity measures early in the development lifecycle. We enhance the STRIDE framework by extending it to include attack scenarios as sequences of threats exploited by adversaries. This extension allows us to illustrate various attack scenarios and demonstrate how these insights can aid system designers in strengthening their defenses. Our methodology prioritizes vulnerabilities based on their recurrence across various attack scenarios, offering actionable insights for enhancing system security. A case study in the automotive industry illustrates the practical application of our proposed methodology, demonstrating significant improvements in system security through proactive threat modeling and analysis of attack impacts. The results of our study provide actionable insights to improve system design and mitigate vulnerabilities.
Stress Analysis of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Lap Joints with Modified Adhesives at Various Temperatures
Authors: Caglar Hasan , Idapalapati Sridhar , Sharma Mohit , Sin Chian Kerm
Published: October 2024

This study examines stress distributions in adhesive joints under various loading and temperature conditions. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to compute the peel and shear stresses at the adhesive interface and bondline mid-section. Dependency analysis shows that mid-section peel stress significantly impacts the experimental shear strength of SLJs more than shear stress. This insight highlights the need to carefully analyze peel stress and bending moment factors. The analytical solutions proposed by Goland and Reissner were analyzed with modifications by Hart-Smith and Zhao. Hart-Smith’s approach performed more effectively, especially when the adhesive layer thickness (ta) was 0.5 mm and the overlap length to thickness ratio (c/ta) was ≥20. FEA revealed stress distributions at the adhesive/adherend interface and bondline mid-section. DP490 adhesive joints exhibited lower stresses than EA9696. Temperature variations significantly affected joint behavior, particularly above the adhesive’s glass transition temperature (Tg). Both EA9696 and DP490 adhesive joints displayed distinct responses to stress and temperature changes. The parabolic and biquadratic solutions for functionally graded adhesive (FGA) joints were compared. The biquadratic solution consistently yielded higher shear and peel stress values, with an increase ranging from 15% to 71% compared to the parabolic solution at various temperatures because of the larger gradient of the Young’s modulus distribution near the overlap ends. The ratio of peak peel stress to peak shear stress suggests that selecting an adhesive with a superior peel strength or primarily reducing the peak peel stress by functionally grading is advisable, particularly if the adhesive is brittle. The comparison of stress distributions emphasizes the importance of selecting adhesives based on stress type, temperature, and solution methods in optimizing adhesive bonding applications. These findings provide valuable insights for thermomechanical applications where thermal stimuli may be used for controlled debonding.
PMA-Zeolite: Chemistry and Diverse Medical Applications
Authors: Bulog Aleksandar , Pavelic Kresimir , Šutić Ivana , Kraljevic Pavelic Sandra
Published: October 2024

Numerous scientific studies have been conducted in recent decades with the aim to study targeted application of zeolites in various industries, ecology, agronomy and medicine. The biggest advances, however, have been documented in medical and veterinary research of the natural zeolite, clinoptilolite. Although the exact biological mechanisms of action of the zeolite clinoptilolite are not completely elucidated, obtained results point to its antioxidative, immunomodulatory and detoxifying effects, the latter partially based on release of soluble and bioavailable silica forms from the surface material. The studied zeolite clinoptilolite materials have different geographical origins which confer to the physicochemical differences in the material. In addition, the production process of the material for oral applications differs between different producers which also accounts for different properties of the surface upon mechanical activation. Recently, a well-characterized zeolite clinoptilolite material, namely the PMA-zeolite, has been tested in different clinical applications and has shown potential as supportive therapy in inflammatory conditions, osteoporosis as well as during tumor chemotherapy. We accordingly present a comprehensive review of the PMA-zeolite effects in the clinical applications and discuss its probable mechanisms of effect in vivo.
Comparative Analysis of Improved YOLO v5 Models for Corrosion Detection in Coastal Environments
Authors: Yu Qifeng , Han Yudong , Gao Xinjia , Lin Wuguang , Han Yi
Published: October 2024

Coastal areas face severe corrosion issues, posing significant risks and economic losses to equipment, personnel, and the environment. YOLO v5, known for its speed, accuracy, and ease of deployment, has been employed for the rapid detection and identification of marine corrosion. However, corrosion images often feature complex characteristics and high variability in detection targets, presenting significant challenges for YOLO v5 in recognizing and extracting corrosion features. To improve the detection performance of YOLO v5 for corrosion image features, this study investigates two enhanced models: EfficientViT-NWD-YOLO v5 and Gold-NWD-YOLO v5. These models specifically target improvements to the backbone and neck structures of YOLO v5, respectively. The performance of these models for corrosion detection is analyzed in comparison with both YOLO v5 and NWD-YOLO v5. The evaluation metrics including precision, recall, F1-score, Frames Per Second (FPS), pre-processing time, inference time, non-maximum suppression time (NMS), and confusion matrix were used to evaluate the detection performance. The results indicate that the Gold-NWD-YOLO v5 model shows significant improvements in precision, recall, F1-score, and accurate prediction probability. However, it also increases inference time and NMS time, and decreases FPS. This suggests that while the modified neck structure significantly enhances detection performance in corrosion images, it also increases computational overhead. On the other hand, the EfficientViT-NWD-YOLO v5 model shows slight improvements in precision, recall, F1-score, and accurate prediction probability. Notably, it significantly reduces inference and NMS time, and greatly improves FPS. This indicates that modifications to the backbone structure do not notably enhance corrosion detection performance but significantly improve detection speed. From the application perspective, YOLO v5 and NWD-YOLO v5 are suitable for routine corrosion detection applications. Gold-NWD-YOLO v5 is better suited for scenarios requiring high precision in corrosion detection, while EfficientViT-NWD-YOLO v5 is ideal for applications needing a balance between speed and accuracy. The findings can guide decision making for corrosion health monitoring for critical infrastructure in coastal areas.
Quantifying the Carbon Stocks in Urban Trees: The Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden as an Important Tropical Carbon Sink
Authors: Kurtz Bruno Coutinho , de Almeida Thaís Moreira Hidalgo , Coelho Marcus Alberto Nadruz , Deccache Lara Serpa Jaegge , Tortorelli Ricardo Maximo , Gonzaga Diego Rafael , Madureira Louise Klein , Guedes-Oliveira Ramon , Barros Claudia Franca , de Siqueira Marinez Ferreira
Published: October 2024

The rapid urbanization process in recent decades has altered the carbon cycle and exacerbated the impact of climate change, prompting many cities to develop tree planting and green area preservation as mitigation and adaptation measures. While numerous studies have estimated the carbon stocks of urban trees in temperate and subtropical cities, data from tropical regions, including tropical botanic gardens, are scarce. This study aimed to quantify the aboveground biomass and carbon (AGB and AGC, respectively) stocks in trees at the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden arboretum, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our survey included 6793 stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm. The total AGB was 8047 ± 402 Mg, representing 4024 ± 201 Mg of AGC. The AGB density was 207 ± 10 Mg·ha−1 (AGC = 104 ± 5 Mg·ha−1), which is slightly lower than the density stored in Brazil’s main forest complexes, the Atlantic and Amazon forests, but much higher than in many cities worldwide. Our results suggest that, in addition to their global importance for plant conservation, tropical botanic gardens could function as significant carbon sinks within the urban matrix.
The Application of Soil Erosion Models of an Agroforestry Basin under Mediterranean Conditions from a Geotechnical Point of View
Authors: Leite Ana Paula , Duarte António Canatário , Marchiori Leonardo , Morais Maria Vitoria , Studart André , Cavaleiro Victor
Published: October 2024

Soil erosion has been causing an imbalance in nature and the environment. It is mainly caused naturally but is also due to human interventions leading to desertification and possible contamination. Therefore, engineering, geography, and cartography have been allies in applying erosion models to predict, address, and remediate the impacts. Therefore, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) linked to Geographic Information Systems (GISs) could boost decision making as tools to mitigate issues. This study applies the RUSLE and SWAT models from a geotechnical point of view to analyze a sub-watershed at Idanha-a-Nova (Portugal) over 4 years, showing a predominant erosion risk class with losses lower than 5 t.ha−1.year−1 (60 to 86%), characterized as very low risk. The modeling permitted the development of soils erosion susceptibility charts, in addition to material availability and the suitability for construction areas, exposing a replicable methodology that could contribute to minimizing environmental impacts while encouraging a more intelligent use of the land towards a greener exploration.