bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Hippocampus of Aged Rats with and without Memory Impairment
Authors: Wołoszynowska-Fraser Marta U. , Rossi Sharyn L. , Long Jeffrey M. , McCaffery Peter J. , Rapp Peter R.
Published: August 2021

Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, has many physiological functions, and mounting evidence points to important roles in cognition.In vitroexperiments indicate that RA is involved in homeostatic synaptic scaling in the hippocampus, which supports overall network stability during learning. It has been previously determined that disrupted RA signaling in the hippocampus causes deterioration of memory, that RA signaling declines with age in brain, and that application of RA reverses this decline. Here, we explore whether RA signaling is altered in an animal model of neurocognitive aging. We used a Morris water maze protocol to study cognitive decline in aged rats, which assesses hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and reveals substantial interindividual differences in aged animals. Aged unimpaired (AU) rats perform on par with young (Y), while aged impaired (AI) animals exhibit spatial memory deficits. We show that the major substrate for RA, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), is decreased in AU rats, and retinol cell surface receptor declines with chronological age. Other affected components of RA signaling include selective increases in AI animals in hippocampal synthesis (RALDH1) and catabolism of RA (CYP26B1), RA receptor α, the RA regulated ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR1), as well as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The results support the conclusion that, surprisingly, increased RA signaling in the aged hippocampus is associated with poor cognitive outcome.
Bringing Social Movements into the Inclusion-Moderation Thesis
Authors: Jung Eunsook
Published: August 2021

Many scholars argue that democracy tames religious fundamentalism. This inclusion-moderation theory holds that when radical religious movements are incorporated in the democratic system, they have incentives to adhere to institutional frameworks to influence politics and access power. But despite these claims, we have witnessed a growing influence of religious fundamentalism in Asian democratic politics, with immoderation becoming prominent. Why have religious fundamentalist movements become influential in various democracies in Asia? How have they shaped policies? Using a most-different-systems approach, I investigate religious fundamentalism in two dissimilar democracies: Islamic fundamentalism in Indonesia and Christian fundamentalism in South Korea. In both cases, I argue that religious fundamentalist movements facilitate immoderate politics through strong mobilization capacity, agenda-setting power, and framing. The study contributes to the inclusion-moderation literature through its discussion of religious fundamentalism and its cross-religious comparison.
Maternal adiposity, smoking, and thyroid function in early pregnancy
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Knøsgaard Louise , Handberg Aase , Vestergaard Peter , Andersen Stig
Published: August 2021

Objective

A high activity of the deiodinase type 2 has been proposed in overweight, obese, and smoking pregnant women as reflected by a high triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio. We speculated how maternal adiposity and smoking would associate with different thyroid function tests in the early pregnancy.

Design

Cross-sectional study within the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort.

Methods

Maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 (TT4), total T3 (TT3), free T4 (fT4), and free T3 (fT3) were measured in stored blood samples (median gestational week 10) by an automatic immunoassay. Results were linked to nationwide registers, and live-birth pregnancies were included. The associations between maternal adiposity (overweight or obese), smoking, and log-transformed TSH, fT3/fT4 ratio, and TT3/TT4 ratio were assessed using multivariate linear regression and reported as adjusted exponentiated β coefficient (aβ) with 95% CI. The adjusted model included maternal age, parity, origin, week of blood sampling, and diabetes.

Results

Altogether 5529 pregnant women were included, and 40% were classified with adiposity, whereas 10% were smoking. Maternal adiposity was associated with higher TSH (aβ 1.13 (95% CI 1.08–1.20)), whereas maternal smoking was associated with lower TSH in the early pregnancy (0.875 (0.806–0.950)). Considering the T3/T4 ratio, both maternal adiposity (fT3/fT4 ratio: 1.06 (1.05–1.07); TT3/TT4 ratio: 1.07 (1.06–1.08)) and smoking (fT3/fT4 ratio: 1.07 (1.06–1.09); TT3/TT4 ratio: 1.10 (1.09–1.12)) were associated with a higher ratio.

Conclusions

In a large cohort of Danish pregnant women, adiposity and smoking showed opposite associations with maternal TSH. On the other hand, both conditions were associated with a higher T3/T4 ratio in early pregnancy, which may reflect altered deiodinase activity.
Francia como aliado estratégico para la Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación: una experiencia de internacionalización
Authors: Argüello Gutiérrez Yenny Paola , Sánchez Jiménez Alveiro , Castro Ramírez Cindy Joulieth
Published: August 2021

El relacionamiento estratégico entre la Université de Franche-Comté (ufc), la Université de Bretagne Occidentale (ubo) y la Universidad Santo Tomás (USTA) inicia en el año 2011, gracias al interés mutuo en el desarrollo de un proceso académico de movilidad e intercambio entre estudiantes, administrativos, docentes y docentes investigadores. En este año, se inicia un primer proceso de movilidad de estudiantes de la Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación (fcfdr) para el desarrollo de prácticas profesionales en la plataforma epsi (entrenamiento, performance, salud e intervención) de l’upfr des Sports (La Unidad de Rendimiento, Formación e Investigación de los Deportes) de la ufc. Luego, en el año 2012, se genera un proceso de movilidad de docentes investigadores a la ubo, allí se desarrolló una pasantía de investigación en el laboratorio orphy; una vez cumplidos los procesos administrativos requeridos, se da paso a la primera movilidad saliente de estudiantes tomasinos y a partir de ese momento, año tras año, se ha mantenido el desarrollo de las diferentes estrategias de internacionalización.
Proyecto de Internacionalización de la Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías
Authors: Velásquez Rojas Nubia Alegría
Published: August 2021

Por medio de este proyecto se pretende el fortalecimiento de cada una de las funciones sustantivas de la educación superior, docencia, proyección social e investigación, el proyecto se articula con la docencia mediante la implementación de actividades que le permitan a los estudiantes y docentes fortalecer sus conocimientos a través de la interacción con docentes internacionales y por medio de viajes al exterior que posibiliten el acceso al sector real y académico en diferentes contextos internacionales. En cuanto a la proyección social, esta se realiza por medio de la formación continua con la oferta de cursos en el exterior para los estudiantes —y que son certificados por las universidades de destino—, así como con las ofertas que se realizan desde el Programa de Administración para el desarrollo de las misiones entrantes. En lo concerniente a la investigación, estas propuestas de movilidad docente y estudiantil ayudan a la formación de un capital humano de excelente calidad que permita un desenvolvimiento óptimo en un contexto internacional.
Emprendimiento en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Escobar María Constanza , Bermúdez Franco Laura Vivianne
Published: August 2021

Cualquier crisis trae consigo retos y desafíos. Para los emprendedores, el efecto que han tenido las medidas tomadas para contener la covid-19 en Colombia han sido un factor adicional al cual deben enfrentarse. Desde que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (oms) la declaró una pandemia, se han tomado ciertas medidas no ajenas para los emprendedores, muchos tuvieron que rediseñar sus estrategias de operación y trasladarse al ámbito virtual, una transición compleja en muchos casos. La covid-19 ha influido significativamente en los emprendedores ya que muchos han tenido que cerrar sus negocios y otros implementar protocolos que les permitan salir a flote.
Educación en arte: ¿oportunidad o reto en tiempos de pandemia?
Authors: Bermúdez Franco Laura Vivianne
Published: August 2021

La sociedad se ha visto inmersa en una dinámica producto de lo que se ha denominado como nueva normalidad, y estas dejan una serie de cuestionamientos sobre la manera en que estábamos acostumbrados a vivir. El consumo, por ejemplo, se ha orientado hacia bienes que podrían denominarse de primera necesidad y, muchos de los bienes de lujo se han quedado en eso, en ser bienes de lujo. Sin embargo, en medio de esta situación surge un debate sumamente interesante, puesto que uno de los grandes protagonistas de esta situación, además de la tecnología, ha sido el arte. La literatura, el cine, la música y el teatro se han convertido en confidentes de los dolores, angustias, miedos o incluso alegrías que toda esta situación ha generado. La palabra escrita o hablada ha sido un refugio para muchos de los que, en medio de la incertidumbre, y a veces la desesperanza, no sabemos bien qué camino se debe seguir.
Fragilidad, dependencia, cuidado y esperanza: desafíos que enfrentamos hoy
Authors: Muñoz Buitrago Darwin Arturo
Published: August 2021

El mundo enfrenta una de las mayores crisis en la historia reciente con la aparición de la covid-19. Apenas entendemos lo que significa su llegada y la forma como el ser humano se adapta a su embestida para sobrevivir, al buscar desesperadamente cómo controlar la enfermedad. Por otra parte, la llamada sociedad del riesgo mundial, planteada por el pensador Ulrich Beck, se ha hecho patente en esta situación, más cuando la amenaza parece incuantificable, indeterminable, inimputable, pero sobre todo fuera del control de las instituciones que podrían hacerlo (Beck, 1998)
Estrés en los estudiantes de psicología a causa del aislamiento preventivo obligatorio
Authors: Amaya Gallego Sebastián , Páez Bonilla Carmen Sofía , Vargas Rodríguez Diana Milena
Published: August 2021

Se puede considerar que el estrés no es exclusivamente un evento externo del cual el sujeto es víctima; por el contrario, el estrés psicológico se define como una relación particular entre el individuo y su entorno, en la cual él mismo evalúa la situación como amenazante o desbordante respecto a sus recursos y, por tanto, pone en peligro su bienestar
Una nueva impresión
Authors: Rodríguez Soche Brandon Andrey Rodríguez
Published: August 2021

Es poco común encontrar proyectos que estén a la vanguardia y brinden una nueva invención para cambiar la vida de las personas, pero es menos común que estos proyectos emerjan de la crisis y generen nuevos paradigmas en la salud y el bienestar de un gran número de individuos. Justo así aconteció con Carol Andrea Martínez y su empresa de impresoras 3D en Colombia.
El Catatumbo, la amenaza del olvido
Authors: Lázaro Quintero Manuel Andrés
Published: August 2021

La palabra Catatumbo en lengua Barí significa “Casa del Trueno” y se refiere a la región fronteriza con Venezuela en el Norte de Santander conformada por los municipios de Ocaña, Convención, El Carmen, Teorama, San Calixto, Hacarí, La Playa de Belén, El Tarra, Tibú y Sardinata; también la conforman los resguardos Motilón-Barí y Catalaura, donde habita el Pueblo Barí. Para llegar al Catatumbo se puede acceder por los municipios de Tibú y Ocaña. Durante mucho tiempo esta región ha estado al margen de la vida nacional. Hasta hace solo unos pocos años ha comenzado a sonar en los medios debido a la incursión paramilitar del bloque Catatumbo entre los años 1999-2004 que trajo consigo un tsunami de masacres, torturas, desapariciones, violencia y abuso sexual en la región, sobre todo en La Gabarra, Tibú y la región que se conoce como el Catatumbo Bajo. En el año 2019 volvió a estar en la mira nacional debido al asesinato del excombatiente de las FARC-EP, Dimar Torres, perpetrado por la fuerza pública el 22 de abril y denunciado en redes sociales por la comunidad de Campo Alegre en el municipio de Convención, Alto Catatumbo.
Editors' Note / Note des éditeurs
Authors: Hofmann David C. , Leroux-Demir Carlie L. , Manji Noorin
Published: August 2021

Volume 1, Issue 1 - Summer 2012
‘The biggest mistake God ever made was to create junkies’: Unsafe injection practices, health care discrimination and overdose deaths in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Jozaghi Ehsan
Published: August 2021

Despite the existence of prevention programmes in Montreal, Canada, injection drug users (IDUs) continue to share their injection drug equipment. This practice has led to an increase in the incidences of HIV and Hepatitis C (HCV) among IDUs since 2003. The present study was conducted to explore factors contributing to the increased risks of this morbidity. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted as drug users were actively involved in their routine activities. The participants’ narratives indicate that IDUs in Montreal are involved in risky injection behaviour that increases HIV, HCV and bacterial transmission. Moreover, IDUs in Montreal are at an increased risk of overdose and death when they are forced to inject in public washrooms or alleys. In addition, many IDUs have placed the general public at risk by discarding their used needles in public parks, sidewalks and public washrooms. Furthermore, many IDUs in Montreal have faced discrimination and are refused treatment by the health care system. Micro- environmental factors, such as a paucity of safe injection sites, inaccessibility of injection equipment and discrimination all seem to be contributing factors in recent increases in HIV and HCV in Montreal.Malgré les programmes de prévention qui existent à Montréal, Canada, les utilisateurs de drogues injectables (UDI) continuent de partager leurs seringues. Cette pratique a mené à une augmentation de l’incidence du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) et du virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) parmi les UDI depuis 2003. La présente étude a été menée afin d’examiner les facteurs qui contribuent à l’augmentation des risques de cette morbidité. Des entretiens qualitatifs semi-directifs ont été réalisés pendant que les utilisateurs faisaient usage de drogues. Les commentaires recueillis auprès des participants ont confirmé que les UDI de Montréal adoptent des comportements d’injection qui augmentent les risques de contracter le VIH et le VHC en plus de faciliter la transmission de bactéries. De plus, le risque de surdose et de mort est plus élevé chez les UDI de Montréal lorsqu’ils sont forcés de s’injecter des drogues dans des toilettes publiques ou dans des ruelles. En outre, de nombreux UDI compromettent la sécurité du public en jetant leurs seringues dans les parcs publics, sur les trottoirs ou dans les toilettes publiques. Par ailleurs, de nombreux UDI de Montréal ont été victimes de discrimination et se sont vus refuser l’accès à des traitements par le système de santé publique. Des facteurs micro-environnementaux, tels que la rareté de sites d’injection supervisés, l’inaccessibilité aux seringues et la discrimination, s’avèrent tous des facteurs qui semblent contribuer à l’augmentation récente de l’incidence du VIH et du VHC à Montréal.
Police Interactions with the Mentally Ill: The Role of Procedural Justice
Authors: Kara Farzana B.
Published: August 2021

Police encounters with mentally ill individuals that involve the use of force by police are relatively infrequent, but sometimes quite volatile. Deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill, poorly funded and fragmented community treatment alternatives, plus increasingly restrictive civil commitment criteria have led to increased contacts with the police. Police need to exercise restraint when using force against individuals suffering from a mental disorder. There is a clear need for specialized crisis intervention police training for dealing with the mentally ill. Procedural justice theory offers a promising approach to improving police-citizen interactions. According to this framework, the fairness with which an individual is treated during an encounter by an authority figure, such as the police, can affect the perceived legitimacy of these interactions and any disposition that flows from them. This is particularly important regarding interactions between the police and those suffering from a mental disorder.
Re-introducing Structure: An Historical Analysis and Structural Account of Political Cultures in the Prairie Provinces
Authors: Sanscartier Matthew Daniel
Published: August 2021

In this paper, I conduct an historical structural analysis to explain the preservation of political cultures across the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Taking into account Alberta’s historically conservative climate and bootstrap individualism, Saskatchewan’s historically left-leaning policy environment, and Manitoba’s moderate culture between its two prairie compatriots, I explain how these different cultures have persisted using a “polity-centred” approach. Perhaps the most popular explanation for such a “prairie paradox” is “fragment theory”, or looking at different “waves” of settlers including Loyalists, Americans, and early Ontarians, across the prairies. Scholars like Alan Cairns and Jared Wesley have critiqued this approach, arguing that it is the structure of federalism itself that preserves these cultures over time, or that it is the agency of political parties and their campaign literature that reflects political culture back at their populations. A “polity-centred” approach, as I present it here, synthesizes these two critiques of fragment theory to look at how structures both affect political agents and provide tools to affect political culture in their provinces. This is done through, first, a more general examination of how the Canadian federal structure influences political parties, and second, how political parties use structure to affect discourse in a province and preserve or change the political culture. I conclude that polity-centred approaches should be taken more seriously by sociologists and political scientists when looking at political cultures, and that this approach is useful for examining the cultures of other states and substates.
Étude de la classification des souffrances à distance de Luc Boltanski
Authors: Bergeron Christian
Published: August 2021

Cette recherche porte sur la perception qu’ont les adultes des changements survenus dans leur vie et dans la société. Selonune méthodologiemixtedelarecherche,504adultesdelaVille deQuébec ont participéà cetteétude internationale. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous nous intéressons à la notion de la souffrance à distance de Luc Boltanski, c’est-à-dire la souffrance des autres qui s’intègre dans le soi historique des individus. L’analyse quantitative, des événements et changements sociohistoriques marquants pour les participants, montre l’importance des événements terroristes du 11 septembre 2001, suivis des référendums sur l’indépendance du Québec. L’analyse de contenu, centrée sur le vécu et la gestion des souffrances à distance, valide la portée heuristique de la classification de Boltanski.
Les clients des services d'escorte tels que perçus par des femmes offrant ces services
Authors: Comte Jacqueline
Published: August 2021

La discussion de projets de loi criminalisant l'achat des services sexuels constitue un sujet brûlant d'actualité dans plusieurs pays, dont le Canada. Pourtant, bon nombre d'études indiquent que la plupart des clients agissent de manière civilisée envers la personne travailleuse du sexe, alors que seule une infime minorité de clients présentent des comportements violents. Interviewant 16 femmes offrant des services d'escorte, quant à leur expérience de sexualité dans le cadre du travail, celles-ci ont beaucoup discuté des besoins qu'elles percevaient chez leurs clients, de même que des attitudes de ces derniers envers elles. Les participantes décrivent ceux-ci comme étant le plus souvent respectueux, la plupart recherchant un contact chaleureux avec elle et agissant en conséquence. En outre, ceux des clients qui ne recherchent qu'une expérience sexuelle tendent à être également respectueux envers l'escorte. Par contre, certains clients présentent une attitude ou un comportement désagréable. Quelques participantes ont également eu affaire à un client violent au cours de leur parcours comme escorte. La plupart des participantes étaient en mesure de choisir leurs clients, ce qui leur a permis de surtout rencontrer des clients aimables et qui, à l'occasion, leur procure également du plaisir sexuel. Par contre, les participantes plus vulnérables et moins capables de choisir et de maintenir leurs limites ont rencontré plus de clients désagréables ou agressifs.
Entire Issue / Numéro complet
Authors: Hofmann David C.
Published: August 2021

CGJSC/RCESSC Entire Issue / Numéro complet (Vol 5, No. 1) - 2016
Editorial: Special Issue Prato Conference
Authors: Gomez Ricardo , Stillman Larry
Published: August 2021

Editorial: Special Issue Prato Conference
The Ethical Responsibility of Researchers in Community Informatics
Authors: Gurstein Michael
Published: August 2021

The Ethical Responsibility of Researchers in Community Informatics
Lighting up the Dark: Telecenter Adoption in a Caribbean Agricultural Community
Authors: Prado Paola
Published: August 2021

This study surveyed the residents of El Limón de Ocoa, a remote mountaintop agricultural community in the Dominican Republic, to examine how the community has integrated the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) since the establishment of a local telecenter in 1997. As the longest continuous-running independent telecenter in the Caribbean nation, this site provides a rich testing ground for the study of the impact of community-driven ICT adoption in under-privileged rural areas of the Western hemisphere. Analysis of survey data found that this remote agricultural community was able to leverage ICTs available at the telecenter in ways that promote social change, foster community prosperity, solidarity, and well-being.
Applying a Community Informatics Approach as Part of Rehabilitation in US Prisons
Authors: Magassa Lassana
Published: August 2021

The United States Government has acknowledged that digital literacy is a vital component of 21st century education and civic engagement. As such efforts are being made to draw in segments of the population that are negatively affected by the digital divide. Not included in these efforts is a community of individuals, most of who have the lowest literacy rates and come from the lowest income strata in society—prison inmates. Despite a few scattered attempts, these individuals have virtually no access to resources and training that would create the condition by which when released they will be able to complete commonplace tasks that depend on an assortment of digital technologies. Discussions around access are often confronted with scepticism by prison administration and citizens alike. This paper uses the information obtained about National and Washington state specific prisons to describe the landscape and the importance of preparing incarcerated individuals to confront an information society. Finally, using the Access Rainbow, the paper brings forth obstacles related to introducing a level of access and training that will prepare inmates to be productive participants in a technological based socioeconomic system after release from prison.
Inside the "People of the Wheelbarrows": participation between online and offline dimension in the post-quake social movement
Authors: Farinosi Manuela , Treré Emiliano
Published: August 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyze a social movement which emerged after the earthquake in L'Aquila (Italy): "The People of the Wheelbarrows". With triangulation of semi-structured interviews, offline ethnography and content analysis of the movement's Facebook group we tried to answer to the following research question: how is the movement's participation articulated between online and the offline dimensions?

Our findings show the importance of the local level, the continuous interplay between the online and the offline and the simultaneous use of a variety of online platforms. The results highlight the role that the Web has played in the coordination of the movement and in the management of meetings and events and show that when physical spaces collapse, online spaces acquire a vital importance.
Special Double Issue: The Internet and Community Informatics in Brazil
Authors: Olinto Gilda , Fragoso Suely
Published: August 2021

Journal of Community Informatics Special Issue: Information and Communication Technology in Brazil
Editorial: Community Informatics in Brazil
Authors: Gurstein Michael
Published: August 2021

Editorial
Internet use in Brazil: speeding up or lagging behind?
Authors: Olinto Gilda , Fragoso Suely
Published: August 2021

The evolution of internet access and use in Brazil in the direction of social inclusiveness and to guarantee uses that promote individual and community development is the focus of the present paper. Previous evidence on the subject initially presented indicates the prevalence of contrasting aspects: some outstanding positive initiatives and results towards democratization of the internet, as well as the maintenance of great digital inequalities. New evidence on the evolution of internet access and use is also discussed herein, based on analyses of longitudinal data obtained from the Brazilian Census Bureau’s Annual Survey (IBGE/PNAD, 2005, 2008). After describing aspects of increase in access to the internet, we focus on the evolution of different types of everyday life internet uses, particularly those that might contribute to individual and community development. How accesses and uses are gradually incorporating the less privileged sectors of the Brazilian adult population is also considered in the analyses. The results obtained reinforce the previous contrasting evidences: outstanding growth in access and in diversified uses are observed - suggesting intensive appropriation of internet technology and resources by the population - as well as the persistence of great inequalities. These circumstances indicate that the digital divide in Brazil is still a great challenge to be faced through comprehensive and long-term policies and initiatives.
Participatory Development of Technologies as a Way to Increase Community Participation: the Cidade de Deus Web Portal Case
Authors: Alvear Celso Alexandre Souza de , Thiollent Michel
Published: August 2021

This article aims to discuss the process of development and improvement of a community web portal from the perspective of references such as social capital, solidary technology, local development and community organizing. As a case study we used the Cidade de Deus web portal (www.cidadededeus.org.br), result of a project of the Technical Solidarity Lab (Soltec / UFRJ) with community-based organizations (CBOs) of Cidade de Deus. Our main hypothesis is that more important than the technology itself, the process of developing this technology in a participatory manner can encourage community participation.
Root Shock: How Tearing Up City Neighborhoods Hurts America and What We Can Do About It: Fullilove, Mindy Thompson. (2004)
Authors: Takazawa Aiko
Published: August 2021

Book Review
Visions, Participation and Engagement in New Community Information Infrastructures
Authors: Carroll John M , Horning Michael A. , Hoffman Blaine , Ganoe Craig H , Robinson Harold R. , Rosson Mary Beth
Published: August 2021

Through the past seven years, our research group has engaged in a participatory action research collaboration with a variety of community partners to explore understandings, possibilities, and commitments for a new community networking infrastructure in State College, Pennsylvania. This paper describes a case study of multifaceted information technology infrastructures, and of collaborating with the plethora of actors and institutions that are stakeholders in such infrastructures. Information technology projects increasingly depend upon the commitment and energies of a great diversity of stakeholders. Understanding better how such broad projects move forward is critical to society.
Bi-component carbohydrate and lignin nanoparticle production from bio-refinery lignin: A rapid and green method
Authors: Sadeghifar Hasan , Venditti Richard A. , Pawlak Joel J. , Jur Jesse
Published: August 2021

A rapid and green preparation of lignin nanoparticles was demonstrated starting from bio-refinery lignin containing grafted carbohydrates. The particles were prepared by recovering a fraction of the lignin, which contained 24% carbohydrate (by weight) as the insoluble fraction in 0.5 M NaOH. The carbohydrate content of this fraction was verified with a wet chemistry analytical technique, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction. This fraction was then dissolved in a NaOH/urea/water system and added dropwise to water under a high shear, which rapidly formed precipitated particles in a size range of approximately 100 nm. This carbohydrate-containing fraction of the lignin was soluble in a green solvent system that was not suited for lignin alone. The generated particles were stable in different organic solvents and water. Overall, the dissolution of the bio-refinery lignin in the NaOH/urea/water system, followed by precipitation in water can be regarded as a green and rapid method to produce stable nanoparticles. The generated nanoparticles, containing both carbohydrates and lignin, are expected to have unique applications because of their bi-component nature. Furthermore, this is the first publication to show how materials with high levels of lignin can be solubilized in solvents that are conventionally used for cellulose.
Assessment of heavy metal content in tree barks: Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus nigra (RETRACTED)
Authors: Tanase Corneliu , Nisca Adrian , Lopez Argeime
Published: August 2021

Extracts obtained from the bark of woody plants are used for their high content in polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. Thus, it is important to evaluate the heavy metals in various tree barks, as these pollutants may end up in the final product, affecting its properties and having potential health implications. This study assessed the heavy metal content in the barks of spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra) collected from different areas in Romania. After collecting the vegetal material from different sites, the bark samples were appropriately processed and analyzed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that 6 out of 8 tested samples exceeded the normal values of selenium (Se). Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were not detected in any sample, while other metals (chromium (Cr); lead (Pb); nickel (Ni)) were detected in variable amounts. Moreover, relatively high levels of heavy metals were recorded in a spruce bark sample collected from the seemingly most unpolluted site. Although further studies are needed to determine the effects of these heavy metals on extraction yields and their transfer into the final extracts, their presence might indicate a potential problem.
Hematoma de Morel-Lavallée en la rodilla. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Alvarado Chávez Tania Soledad , Pezo Maposa Gregory Hernán , Silva González Lissette Estefanía , Vargas Guadalupe Carolina Dolores
Published: August 2021

Una contusión tangencial sobre determinadas regiones del cuerpo puede provocar una colección subcutánea serosa límpida o translúcida que aparece súbita o lentamente, conocida como hematoma disecante de Morel-Lavallée. La localización en la cadera es muy frecuente, pero es infrecuente en la rodilla. A la lesión de Morel-Lavallée también se la llama seudoquiste, quiste postraumático de tejidos blandos o extravasación de Morel-Lavallée. Presentamos a un paciente de 49 años, con una lesión traumática y un hematoma seroso de Morel-Lavallée que se produce por la fricción entre el tejido celular subcutáneo y la fascia durante la lesión traumática. Dada su localización infrecuente, se decidió comunicar este caso, ya que se han publicado solo un par de pacientes con este cuadro.
Reconstrucción del labrum de la cadera con injerto de ligamento redondo de la cabeza femoral. Presentación de un caso y descripción de la técnica quirúrgica
Authors: Díaz Dilernia Fernando , De Cicco Franco , Comba Fernando , Buttaro Martín , Zanotti Gerardo
Published: August 2021

Las lesiones del labrum de la cadera con sustancia insuficiente se pueden tratar con técnicas de aumento, de reconstrucción o con trasplante de tejidos. Si el remanente labral es muy escaso, las opciones reconstructivas serían las más adecuadas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 40 años con dos cirugías artroscópicas previas fallidas por lesión labral, que fue sometida a una luxación controlada de cadera, siguiendo la técnica original descrita por Ganz, y a la resección del ligamento redondo de la cabeza femoral para cubrir el defecto del labrum. Según nuestro conocimiento, se trata del primer reporte de reconstrucción labral utilizando el ligamento redondo de la cabeza femoral en nuestro medio. Pese a los resultados poco alentadores en pacientes con cirugías previas, la reconstrucción labral utilizando el ligamento redondo ha mostrado ser una alternativa viable.
Análisis clínico-radiológico comparativo de tallos femorales no cementados planos de primera vs. segunda generación
Authors: Perea Agustín Oscar , Spesot Pablino , García Matías , Arce Javier , García Sebastián , Munafó Dauccia Ricardo
Published: August 2021

Introducción: El diseño del implante femoral es imprescindible para su adaptación a los distintos tipos de canales. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la adaptabilidad del implante y el tipo de contacto de los tallos femorales planos de segunda generación.

Materiales y Métodos: Se analizó a los pacientes sometidos a un reemplazo total de cadera bilateral en nuestra institución, entre 2007 y 2020, a quienes se les colocó un tallo de primera generación (Accolade TMZF) en una cadera y de segunda generación (Accolade II) en la contralateral. Se estudiaron las variables demográficas, la adaptación y el llenado del canal. Se analizó el Harris Hip Score modificado y el índice WOMAC.

Resultados: Se incluyó a 42 pacientes (84 casos). En el grupo 1 (Accolade TMZF), la ocupación del canal fue del 81% y, en el grupo 2 (Accolade II), del 84%. En el grupo 1, el contacto fue tipo 1 (60%), tipo 2 (16%)y tipo 3 (24%). En el grupo 2, fue tipo 1 (88%), tipo 2 (7%) y tipo 3 (5%). El Harris Hip Score modificado para el grupo 1 fue 88 y, para el grupo 2, 87,5. El puntaje WOMAC para el grupo 1 fue 2,5 y, para el grupo 2, de 3.

Conclusión: La adaptabilidad del implante es fundamental para la estabilidad primaria y su osteointegración/fijación biológica. En nuestra muestra, es más precisa con tallos de segunda generación debido a las modificaciones del diseño.
Microaggressions: Privileged Observers’ Duty to Act and What They Can Do
Authors: Hackworth Jamilah M. , Kotagal Meera , Bignall O.N. Ray , Unaka Ndidi , Matheny Antommaria Armand H.
Published: August 2021

Racism and sexism that manifest as microaggressions are commonly experienced by members of minoritized groups. These actions and comments erode their subjects’ vitality and sense of belonging. Individuals from minoritized groups are often left in a quandary, weighing the potential benefits and risks of addressing the comments. Placing the burden to interrupt bias on our marginalized colleagues is unjust. In part, it is inappropriate to expect them to dismantle a system that they did not create. It is essential for individuals with privilege who observe microaggressions to address the speaker and support their colleagues. In this Ethics Rounds, we present 2 cases in which individuals from minoritized groups experience racism and sexism that manifest as microaggressions. The first case involves a Black female physician making recommendations in a business meeting being characterized by a male colleague as emotional. The commentators analyze how both gender and race constrain the range of acceptable emotions one may exhibit and the harm that this causes. The second case involves a Black intern being identified by a parent as a custodian. Commentators describe how such microaggressions can harm trainees’ performance and sense of belonging. In both cases, observers did nothing or only spoke to the subject in private. Commentators provide specific guidance regarding actions that bystanders can take to become upstanders and how they can decenter themselves and their discomfort and leverage their privilege to interrupt microaggressions. By becoming upstanders, individuals can remove the disproportionate responsibility for addressing microaggressions from marginalized colleagues.
Contar con la imaginación
Authors: Johnson David E
Published: August 2021

El artículo muestra la relación estructural entre el testimonio y el juicio estético, y cómo la mentira estructural se implica irreductiblemente como la posibilidad de la verdad. Se explica la necesaria imposibilidad del testimonio como condición de su posibilidad, argumento anticipado por J. L. Borges: “No hay una sola hermosa palabra, con la excepción dudosa de testigo, que no sea una abstracción”. La argumentación se apoya en la teoría husserliana del syncategorema (palabras incompletas cuyo sen- tido depende del contexto) y en los deícticos (palabras esencialmente ocasionales); asimismo, se toma de I. Kant el papel de la imaginación y los efectos del “como si”.
La libertad moral en Thomas Reid. La cuestión del método
Authors: Elton María
Published: August 2021

Precisamente en momentos en que el determinismo humeano de la voluntad estaba comenzando a tener fuerza de tradición, surge Thomas Reid con una filosofía de la voluntad libre que tiene los rasgos principales de la tradición clásica anterior a Hume, medieval y tempranamente moderna. Su método inductivo, sin embargo, está tomado de Newton y del sentido común. Desde esta metodología ilustrada, Reid afirma que la voluntad es una facultad metafísica. Ha tenido influencia en la agent-cause theory, que se ha opuesto a la event-cause theory en la teoría de la acción contemporánea, de allí su alto interés histórico.
Aprender a vivir mediante la filosofía. Notas sobre la concepción hegeliana de la filosofía en los primeros escritos de Jena
Authors: Palermo Sandra
Published: August 2021

Este paper intenta dar cuenta del concepto de filosofía elaborado por Hegel, en los primeros años de Jena, como instancia más acabada de reconciliación de las escisiones propias de la cultura moderna. Se intenta mostrar que, a pesar de las diferencias existentes entre el Hegel jenense y el Hegel sucesivo a la Fenomenología del espíritu, la idea de la filosofía como lugar de conciliación se mantiene, lo que no implica, un pactar con la realidad ni un pensar la actividad intelectual como refugio incontaminado, sino como lugar de transfiguración unitaria del mundo efectivamente existente.
Quintana, Laura. Política de los cuerpos. Emancipaciones desde y más allá de Jacques Rancière
Authors: Fajardo Christian
Published: August 2021

La pensadora Laura Quintana, en su libro Política de los cuerpos, elabora una inquietante cartografía filosófica que nos invita a repensar la práctica política desde el punto de vista de la emancipación.
O Brasil na perspectiva latino-americana
Authors: Amarante Erivelto , Mustafá Izani
Published: August 2021

A rede TeleSUR surgiu em 2005 como uma alternativa comunicacional contra-hegemônica para a América Latina. Com o lema “Nosso norte é o Sul”, o canal de notícias tem como perspectiva a integração dos países da região. Sendo assim, nosso objetivo é entender como o Brasil é apresentado na cobertura da rede pan-regional. Para isso, analisamos 462 notícias publicadas no portal do canal que mencionam a palavra “Brasil”. A coleta foi feita entre os meses de abril e agosto de 2020. Entre as categorias analisadas estão a periodização, editorias, assuntos específicos, distribuição geográfica e atores políticos mencionados. O resultado indicou que a TeleSUR repercute principalmente assuntos políticos sobre o Brasil, que envolvem o governo federal e a oposição. Os povos indígenas e movimentos sociais também ganharam bastante espaço no noticiário.
Por que o rádio brasileiro começou em Recife
Authors: Ferraretto Luiz Artur
Published: August 2021

Estudo historiográfico que reposiciona o Rádio Clube de Pernambuco, de Recife, como impulsionador da radiodifusão sonora no Brasil. Demonstra que a sua fundação institucionaliza um processo iniciado em meados da década de 1910 e que transforma experimentos de comunicação por ondas eletromagnéticas ponto-ponto – em especial, radiotelegrafia – em ponto-massa – na passagem da radiotelefonia para o meio rádio. Nesse sentido, descreve a atuação dos entusiastas pernambucanos, muitos dos quais com conhecimento técnico similar ao de seus congêneres dos Estados Unidos. Ao comprovar a importância de tal diferencial em relação a sociedades assemelhadas, demonstra o pioneirismo do grupo nordestino no desenvolvimento do que se conhece, então, como radiocultura.
Gestão estratégica de matriculas no ensino superior: operacionalização
Authors: Fernades Junior Alvaro Martins , Almeida Siderly Do Carmo Dahle de , Almeida Fernando José de
Published: August 2021

O objetivo o texto é apresentar a Gestão Estratégica de Matriculas (GEM) que pode contribuir para as discussões em captação e recrutamento de alunos no ensino superior, mas principalmente retenção. O texto define a GEM, e também aborda os elementos que a compõe, e finaliza expondo uma maneira das IES estruturarem ela para que possa melhorar suas ações comerciais e acadêmicas.
Avaliação da/na educação superior: a contraface da qualidade
Authors: Santos Fabiana Cabrera Silva , Tavares Sergio Marcus Nogueira
Published: August 2021

Este artigo se propõe a refletir sobre a avaliação da educação superior que constrói novas semânticas e propõe novas relações para pensar sua qualidade, a partir das reformas da educação superior da década de 1990. Para tal, põe em debate os processos avaliativos engendrados nos discursos neoliberais emergentes pelos reformistas da educação. Evidencia-se que o debate sobre o tema precisa avançar para além do “quanto” (ênfase no quantitativo) e perseguir o “por quê”(ênfase no qualitativo), que apresenta novas narrativas e sugere práxis que enaltecem os processos e não apenas os resultados.  Desta forma, o texto objetiva elucidar o potencial pedagógico e institucional da avaliação – interna e externa – no ensino superior quando compreendida como componente do ato educativo.
Doctoral Students’ Academic Supervision: A Systematic Review of Approaches to Conceptualization and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Grigoryeva A. V. , Terentev E. A.
Published: August 2021

The article presents a systematic review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the conceptualization and empirical study of doctoral students’ supervision. Three approaches (mentoring, doctoral student-centered, and environmental) are distinguished depending on the main responsibility for the result. The mentoring approach attributes the responsibility for the result to the supervisor. This approach is generally associated with the so-called «apprentice model», which understands the doctoral student as a «neophyte» introduced to the academic world by the supervisor. The doctoral student-centered approach is characterized by imposing the responsibility mainly on the doctoral student. This approach assumes a more active role of the doctoral student and goes back to the models of student-centered pedagogy. The environmental approach focuses on studying the role of the environment and on the issues related to the academic and social integration of doctoral students. All these approaches notably have a number of limitations due to their concentration on certain factors of the educational process and less attention to the dynamic and relative nature of various aspects of academic supervision and its relationship with the effectiveness of doctoral training. There is substantiated the importance of developing a relational approach, which would synthesize the key points of the three approaches considered, and assume a distributed model of responsibility within the academic supervision. As it understands «learning alliances» more broadly than pairs or teams of scientific supervisors and graduate students, this approach focuses not only on the activity of individual actors, but also on the system of relationships between them.
The Analysis of Conceptual Theoretical Approaches to the Problem of Technology Transfer in Foreign Universities
Authors: Ovchinnikova N. E. , Lazarenko D. G.
Published: August 2021

The article overviews the existing models of technology transfer, including those within foreign universities, and highlights the most relevant ones that can be used by Russian universities in the post-COVID-19 conditions. The study should allow the university-based transfer centers to choose the model which is mostly suitable for their situation, and to include elements that will help them to maximize the efficiency of their activities. The existing centers will be able to make changes in their activity in order to update and/or to transform it in accordance with the changed conditions. For the management personnel of the university, the article also provides practical recommendations on managing technology transfer centers. The authors reveal the key functioning elements of various technology transfer models, which can be used by management personnel to design technology transfer centers based on Russian universities. The possible result of the stakeholders’ getting to know this study might be their creating and implementing regulations to govern the technology transfer centers’ activities; forming a personnel reserve; advanced existing personnel training and multi-competence teams’ creating; forming a flexible budgetary policy, as well as a policy of values, for the technology transfer center to function within.
Barriers to Effective Interaction of Russian Universities and Companies
Authors: Usmanov M. R. , Shushkin M. A. , Nazarov M. G. , Krylov P. A.
Published: August 2021

Today universities become drivers of technology and business development all over the world. Besides fulfilling traditional tasks of creating new knowledge and competence, higher education institutions play a significant role in developing innovative ecosystems and entrepreneurship. In Russia, however, the interaction of universities and business is forming not as quickly as in developed economies. This article uses qualitative interviews and case analysis to identify and discuss the barriers to effective university-enterprise interaction in Russia. The research is based on expert interviews with representatives of universities and businesses, as well as on the case study of PJSC «LUKOIL» and HEIs interaction. The study showed that the development of university-enterprise interaction meets several barriers rooted in the mismatch of both sides’ expectations of each other. The results of the research also show promising directions for university-business cooperation in Russia.