bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fornemmelse og oppmerksomhet – artikulasjon og stemme : Et kroppslig perspektiv på formidling
Authors: Oterholm Knut , Skjerdingstad Kjell Ivar
Published: February 2019

Intensjonen med artikkelen er å bidra til utviklingen av formidlingsbegrepet gjennom å forankre det i en modell av kroppslige bevissthetsmodi. Med utgangspunkt i fenomenologisk teori og studier i konkrete formidlingspraksiser, skisseres et begrep om formidling som et samspill mellom fornemmelse, oppmerksomhet, artikulasjon og stemme som alle forholder seg til omgivelsene kroppen er situert i. Denne optikken skal kunne anvendes for analyse av formidlingspraksiser på tvers av konkrete mediale former.
Forord
Authors: Rasmussen Casper Hvenegaard , Jochumsen Henrik , Skot-Hansen Dorte
Published: February 2019

Titlen Biblioteket i byens rum skal forstås sådan, at biblioteket både kan betragtes som en bygning, der gennem performativ arkitektur præger byens rum, og som en arena for møder på tværs af livstile, generationer og kulturer, der bidrager til byens identitet, kreativitet og sammenhængskraft. Eller med andre ord: Hvordan biblioteket som rum ”udvider vores forståelse af, hvordan offentlige rum ser ud, og hvad de kan bruges til”,
Da biblioteket blev til arkitektur : En diskussion af to teorier om antikkens biblioteksarkitektur
Authors: Olesen-Bagneux Ole
Published: February 2019

Man ved ikke særlig meget om antikkens biblioteker. Skriftlige fragmenter, bygningsrester og andre arkæologiske kilder, som billeder og skriveudstyr, udgør summen man kan forske i og konkludere ud fra. Først i det 20. århundrede har man fået tilstrækkeligt med kildermateriale til at teoretisere om antikkens biblioteker, og to sådanne teorier diskuteres i denne artikel. Den ene teori, fremsat af Lionel Casson, omhandler bibliotekets indre rum, hvorimod den anden teori, fremsat af Gaëlle Coqueugniot, omhandler bibliotekets ydre fremtoning, som en arkitektonisk helhed. Efter at hver af teorierne er blevet præsenteret og diskuteret, betragtes de under ét, hvilket muliggør en diskussion af tilblivelsen af biblioteket som arkitektur. Biblioteksarkitekturen opstod ikke parallelt med udviklingen af biblioteket som samling af litteratur - snarere tværtimod.
Summaries
Authors: Andersen Jack
Published: February 2019

In English.
Kolofon
Authors: Andersen Jack
Published: February 2019

Kolofon2. årgang, nr. 3, udgivet marts 2014 ISSN 2245-2931  ISSN (online) 2245-294X © Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion:  Jack Andersen (ansvh.) Trine Schreiber Nanna Kann-Rasmussen Redaktører af dette nummer: Jack Andersen og Niels D. LundLayout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Bruno Kjær: "Brændte bøger"
E-bogen : Skandinaviske perspektiver på forskning og uddannelse
Authors: Balling Gitte , Dahl Tor Arne , Mangen Anne , Nilsson Skans Kersti , Lund Haakon , Höglund Lars
Published: February 2019

De skandinaviske lande har endnu ikke oplevet den samme udbredelse af e-bogen og påvirkning af bogmarkedet som det er tilfældet i de engelsksprogede lande. Alligevel er der en voksende interesse i e-bøger, ikke mindst i forsknings- og folkebibliotekerne. Denne artikel giver en oversigt over tre skandinaviske biblioteks- og informationsvidenskabelige skoler og deres forskning og undervisning i e-bøger. De respektive institutioner præsenterer deres aktuelle forskningsinteresser og -perspektiver på e-bøger og digital læsning, og hvorledes e-bøger er integreret i curriculum og uddannelser. Artiklen ender med at fremhæve fire områder, som artiklens forfattere mener, kalder på yderligere forskning inden for bibliotek- og informationsvidenskab:• Deep reading og læseoplevelser på digitale læseenheder • Den fysiske bogkulturs betydning for læsere • Aftalegrundlaget for udlån af e-bøger og ophavsret i biblioteker • E-bogens integration med andre teknologier
Current research in Nordic Library and information science
Authors: Carlsson Hanna
Published: February 2019

Anmeldelse af:Anders Frenander och Skans Kersti Nilsson (red.) (2013) Libraries, black metal and corporate finance. Current research in Nordic Library and information science.
Deep reading i biblioteket : Et kritisk lys på håndteringen av e-bøker i fag- og folkebibliotek
Authors: Dahl Tor Arne , Mangen Anne
Published: February 2019

Bibliotekene ivrer etter å kunne tilby e-bøker til lå- nerne. I Norge har de fleste fagbibliotekene lenge hatt store samlinger av e-bøker, mens folkebibliotekene først fra 2013 kunne tilby norskspråklige titler. I denne artikkelen undersøker vi hvordan bibliotekenes e-boktilbud understøtter deep reading, som betegner konsentrert og sammenhengende lesing av lineær og hovedsakelig skriftbasert tekst. Denne typen lesing blir ansett som truet av leseadferden på Internett, som kjennetegnes av multitasking og hyppige avbrudd. I artikkelen presenteres tverrfaglig empirisk forskning på digital lesing med spesiell vekt på ulike leseteknologiers affordanser, og funnene derfra ses i sammenheng med e-boktilbudene i henholdsvis fagog folkebibliotek i Norge. Gjennomgangen viser at fagbibliotekenes e-bøker i liten grad gir støtte til deep reading i læringssammenheng, mens folkebibliotekenes tilbud fungerer bedre. Dagens leseteknologier i kombinasjon med bibliotekenes utlånssystemer gjør at e-bøker ikke kan erstatte papirbøker, men vil kunne fungere godt som et supplement til fysiske eksemplarer.
Summaries
Authors: Andersen Jack
Published: February 2019

In English
Relocating the owl of wisdom : Encyclopaedias in a life-historical perspective
Authors: Eckerdal Johanna Rivano , Sundin Olof
Published: February 2019

Artikeln undersöker människors förhållningssätt till uppslagsverk och encyklopedier i ett livshistoriskt perspektiv under en period när encyklopedier har genomgått dramatiska förändringar. En frå- gelista som skickats till fasta så kallade meddelare knutna till Folklivsarkivet i Lund har använts som metod. Svaren har analyserats med hjälp av posthumanistisk teori. Analysen visar de sätt som tryckta encyklopedier har spelat en roll i meddelarnas liv. Verken var dyra och fungerade som försäkringar för ett gott medelklassliv för familjen. Att makar ibland hade olika syn på uppslagsverks värde visar på förändringen som skett både av kvinnors ekonomiska villkor och av bokpriser. Böckernas materialitet är väsentlig i berättelserna även om de ofta skrymmande verken idag är svåra att husera när information kan nås online. Encyklopedier associeras till tryckta verk även om de flesta meddelarna idag använder Google. De tryckta verken har flyttats till källare eller sommarhus där deras oföränderlighet gör dem aktuella på nytt.
Optimering af informationsarkitekturen i FN’s World Food Programme
Authors: Lund Haakon , Ørnager Susanne
Published: February 2019

FN’ fødevareprogram World Food Programme ønskede en forbedret informationsarkitektur. Artiklen beskriver et casestudie hvor WFP’s information- og vidensstyring undersøges herunder analyse af brugernes (WFP’s medarbejderes og -frivilliges) søgninger og WFP’s informationsarkitektur generelt. I artiklen præsenteres en række metoder til at identificere problemerne i organisationen. Resultaterne viser, at udviklingen og implementeringen af en fælles taksonomi kan minimere ulemperne ved navigation og søgning efter information og dokumenter vha. de etablerede søgemaskiner. Konklusionen er, at der dels skal udvikles en emneordsliste, der sikrer en ensartet terminologi i hovedkvarteret og på samtlige landekontorer, og dels at der skal udvikles et system af synonymringe, der gør informationssøgning langt mere effektiv. For at sikre den fremtidige effekt af disse tiltag anbefales det, at der udnævnes en person med centralt ansvar samt en række lokale eksperter, taksonomi champions, til fortsat at udvikle og vedligeholde informationsarkitekturen. De sidstnævnte anbefalinger er blevet implementeret af WFP.
Omløpstallet som styringsverktøy
Authors: Røgler Jannicke , Høivik Tord
Published: February 2019

Blant bibliotekarer er omløpstallet, altså utlån/bestand, en kjent, men lite brukt størrelse. Artikkelen undersøker hvilket bidrag omløpstall kan ha i utviklingen av det moderne bibliotek. Omløpstallet viser bruksverdien av bibliotekets samlinger. Lave tall betyr at faglige tiltak bør settes inn. De fleste norske folkebibliotek har større samlinger enn nødvendig. Ved å vise til omløpstallene blir det lettere å vinne gehør for kassering. Fagmiljøet trenger teoretisk forståelse av og praktisk veiledning i bruken av denne indikatoren. Vi oppsummerer faglitteraturen og analyserer et variert empirisk materiale for å oppnå dette. Norske omløpstall ligger lavest i Norden. Halve variasjonen er knyttet til folketallet. Små kommuner har svært lave omløpstall, spesielt av bøker. Det nordiske fagmiljøet har i liten grad utviklet normer for samlingsstørrelse, omløpstall og kassering. Vi viser hvordan bibliotekarer kan beregne omløpstall i samlinger og delsamlinger og avslutter med forslag til praktiske normer.
Introduction
Authors: Borgen Maibritt , Thylstrup Nanna Bonde , Veel Kristin
Published: February 2019

Introdution Wikipedia is one of the most visited knowledge resources in the world. The Alexa traffic rankings put it at number 7, well above the New York Times (104), the BBC (106), the Library of Congress (1,175), and the venerable Encyclopedia Britannica (3711) (Alexa, 2016). As historian Roy Rosenzweig puts it, Wikipedia has become "perhaps the largest work of online historical writing, the most widely read work of digital history, and the most important free historical resource on the World Wide Web" (Rosenzweig 2006, p. 52). Wikipedia has become so ingrained in our everyday search for information that users rarely give thought to the mechanisms and agency underneath its production of knowledge: who produces its content? And what visible and invisible structures govern this production? Indeed, we have come to take its presence for granted to a degree that editorial contributions to many Wikipedia pages are in fact stagnating (Wikipedia, n.p.; Ford, 2011).
Biases We Live By
Authors: Søgaard Anders
Published: February 2019

Moderne teknologier er brugervenlige, fordi de har indbygget en "bias" (partiskhed), der forudser og tilpasser sig vores behov, men sommetider diskriminerer en sådan tilpasningsmekanisme også mellem forskellige brugergrupper og favoriserer visse demografier over andre. Artiklen diskuterer hvorledes sådanne "biases" opererer indenfor søgemaskiner og sprogteknologisk software.
The Gift of Mutual Misunderstanding
Authors: Ørum Kristoffer
Published: February 2019

The gifts of mutual misunderstandings is a 3D rendered diagram of the relations between the separate but interconnected "lifeworlds" of programmers, algorithms and users. Based on the proposition that if communication can fail, it will, the diagram combines and misrepresents several theories of communication. It represents an attempt to undermine the perceived authority accorded to the arrows, boxes and pyramids found in so many of the diagrams used to explain the complexities of communication, technology and contemporary life to us.
Nordens viktigste bibliotekforsker siden 1980-tallet? Et forskningsbasert grunnlag for refleksjon om bibliotekets legitimitet
Authors: Audunson Ragnar
Published: February 2019

Det er ikke så mange forskere som opplever at resultatene og perspektivene deres sprenger seg ut av den akademiske boblen og blir tatt i bruk på praksisfeltet. Dorte Skot-Hansen har opplevd det i større grad enn de fleste. Hennes bok fra1994 der hun skisserer fire roller for folkebiblioteket - kunnskapssenteret, informasjonssenteret, kultursenteret og sosialsenteret - var kanskje det viktigste forskningsarbeidet om folkebibliotekenes samfunnsrolle som ble publisert i Norden i siste halvdel av forrige århundre. Boka har preget tenkningen til bortimot en generasjon folkebibliotekarer - også i Norge. (Andersson & SkotHansen, 1994). Nå har fireromsmodellen som hun har utviklet sammen med kollegene Henrik Jochumsen og Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen overtatt og preger mye av tenkningen når dagens folkebibliotekarer skal planlegge og utvikle bibliotek som er relevant for det flerkulturelle og senmoderne samfunnet. (Jochumsen, Hvenegaard Rasmussen & Skot-Hansen, 2012). Hun er også sentral i tenkningen som ligger bak vendingen fra biblioteket som en arena for opplysning og kunnskap til biblioteket som en arena for opplevelse og merkevarebygging av det lokalmiljøet det er plassert i.
Den danska förebilden
Authors: Frenander Anders
Published: February 2019

Många organisationer och enskilda aktörer inom svenskt kulturliv - och kanske i synnerhet biblioteken - har länge blickat västerut för inspiration och förebilder. Allra först var det naturligtvis den amerikanska public library-organiseringen som väckte intresse. Valfrid Palmgren, den svenska bibliotekspionjären (som förresten gifte sig med en dansk och flyttade till Köpenhamn), besökte ju det stora landet i väster för drygt hundra år sedan för att studera hur ett för den tiden helt modernt bibliotek skulle kunna formas och arbeta. All sådan inspiration var välbehövlig för ett svenskt biblioteksväsende, som nog knappast förtjänade namnet.
Fra kultursyn til ekspressiv logik : En kulturpolitisk models rejse gennem tre årtier
Authors: Rasmussen Casper Hvenegaard
Published: February 2019

Som kollegaer har Dorte og jeg rejst en del sammen gennem de seneste næsten 20 år. Tilbage i 2002 var vi på den internationale kulturpolitiske konference i Wellington, New Zealand. Selvom formålet med sådanne rejser er arbejdsrelaterede, får man talt en del sammen under hyggelige former. En aften sad vi på en restaurant ved havet, hvor Dorte levende og længe fortalte om en rejse, hun havde haft med mand og børn tilbage i 1970'erne. Af den fremadskridende fortælling forstod man, at rejsen ikke havde været uden problemer. Men efter hendes udlægning af familieferien, sagde Dorte noget, jeg ofte har tænkt på siden. Nemlig at en historie altid kan fortælles på flere måder. Underforstået: Nu havde hun overvejende fortalt en negativ version, men hun kunne også have valgt en mere positiv udlægning, og den ville også have været sandfærdig.
Forord
Authors: Kann-Rasmussen Nanna
Published: February 2019

Den 29. september 2016 går Dorte Skot-Hansen påpension efter 42 års virke som lektor på Det InformationsvidenskabeligeAkademi. I den anledning er detmig en stor glæde at kunne præsentere dette nummeraf Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab ogKulturformidling, som er et festskrift til Dorte Skot-Hansen.
Borgerservice og offentlige digitale løsninger på bibliotekerne : Retlige og biblioteksfaglige udfordringer i vejledningen
Authors: Gottrup Rikke , Møller Margrethe H.
Published: February 2019

Formålet med artiklen er at undersøge de retlige og de deraf følgende biblioteksfaglige udfordringer i forbindelse med den vejledning i offentlige digitale selvbetjeningsløsninger, der i forbindelse med den fællesoffentlige digitaliseringsstrategi er kommet til som en ny opgave på mange danske folkebiblioteker. Undersøgelsen bygger dels på feltstudier gennemført i vinteren 2013/14 som led i forskningsprojektet "Borgerservicevejledning på biblioteket", og dels på regler og retspraksis på det forvaltningsretlige område. I artiklen beskrives vejledningstyper og centrale problemstillinger, der kunne iagttages i feltstudierne, og der peges på retlige udfordringer i forhold hertil. Artiklen afsluttes med en række opmærksomhedspunkter i forhold til den faglige indsigt og bevidsthed, der kræves af biblioteksmedarbejderen i rollen som vejleder og repræsentant for kommunen.
Formidlingsstrategier: En grundbog om kulturinstitutionernes formidling
Authors: Sørensen Anne Scott
Published: February 2019

ANMELDELSE: Formidlingsstrategier. En grundbog om kulturinstitutionernes formidling, af Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen, Samfundslitteratur, 223 sider.
Kolofon
Authors: Kann-Rasmussen Nanna
Published: February 2019

6. årgang, nr. 2-3, udgivet november 2017 ISSN (online) 2245-294X© Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion: Nanna Kann-Rasmussen (ansvh.) Trine Schreiber Lisa Engström Mia Høj Mathiasson Redaktører af dette nummer: Nanna Kann-RasmussenPia QuistKristin Veel
TV-serien SKAMs byforestillinger - Innenfor og utenfor det urbane
Authors: Riesto Svava , Steiner Henriette
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the understanding of urbanity invoked by the Norwegian drama series SKAM. It does so by revisiting the four short preambles to each of the series’ four seasons, thus outlining the central narratives used to frame each season. Norwegian culture is characterised by a long-lived tradition for valuing nature and life in the countryside over and above urban life. In this context, SKAM arguably appears as a sea change, using new media and narrative forms to aestheticize the life of a new generation of teenagers in Oslo. However, this article’s close reading of selected sequences of the series illuminates SKAM’s indebtedness to an anti-urban tradition. According to this tradition, the city centre is seen as dark and dangerous and full of corrupting temptations, and, in contrast, what lies outside the city is regarded as authentic, liberating and morally superior. What is at stake is a dual-sided evaluation of city and countryside – building on binaries such as genuine vs. superficial - which may be seen to mirror human emotions, ethical concerns and affects. In this way, SKAM becomes a vehicle for recirculating dual-sided understandings of the urban condition, which become evaluated according to well-known criteria.
“Hva hører du på?” - Refleksioner over ”SKAM-musikken”
Authors: Ligaard Eva Elise
Published: February 2019

In this article I wish to highlight some of the many ways that music functions in SKAM. In particular I wish to ask: Which role does music play in portraying the characters? How are the connotations and associations of specific songs actively used in the TV show? To answer these questions, I will unpack the cultural and historical context of certain songs and musicians and mirror this to selected scenes. I argue that SKAM, through the music selection, actively confronts the audience’s expectations to the characters and both confirms and challenges specific cultural narratives. Hereby cultural codes are turned upside down, and new interpretations are made possible. The soundtrack of SKAM is not used to stress a singular reading of the scenes, but opens up for multiple interpretations. To fans of SKAM, the pre-existing music tracks will be connected to specific scenes, and new connotations of the music appear.
Kolofon
Authors: Skouvig Laura
Published: February 2019

Kolofon 7. årgang, nr. 3, udgivet december 2018ISSN (online) 2245-294X © Forfatterne og Institut for Informationsstudier. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og INF’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan. Redaktion: Nanna Kann-Rasmussen (ansvh.) Jeppe Nicolaisen Karen Louise Grova Søilen Patrick Heiberg KapschRedaktører af dette nummer:Laura SkouvigÅse Hedemark Henrik Jochumsen
Bibliotekarerne - en profession der former og formes af et aktør-netværk
Authors: Schreiber Trine
Published: February 2019

Using actor network theory (ANT) as a starting point, the aim of the paper is to describe relationships between heterogenous actors in a particular kind of library work and to discuss how these relationships might potentially be part of a preliminary actor-network representing a profession of librarianship. The particular kind of library work involved in the discussion is user teaching and -guidance in libraries affiliated with educational institutions. The paper draws on this particular kind of work to illustrate the use of ANT in a discussion about the profession of librarianship. The data collection procedure has been guided by ethnographic methodology considerations. As an actor-network, a profession is not a static entity organised around fixed connections. It is undergoing shifts in character as new actors or relations are forged and old ones wear out. Regarding the particular kind of library work, the paper has a focus on actors such as librarians, teachers, students, digital technologies, and political paradigms of control. The author examines how librarians in the particular kind of library work create and maintain relationships with teachers and students. The paper provides a description of the ways influential actors such as digital technologies and political paradigms of control intervene in these processes. The paper concludes that through these relationships, new areas of work and new understandings of professions are under way to be established. These processes might lead to an actor-network intertwined with those many other actor-networks that librarians in general are involved in because of other practices and relationships.
Fodbold som sprog: En kulturanalyse af udvalgte VM-nationer
Authors: Skrubbeltrang Lotte , Rossing Niels
Published: February 2019

Denne artikel har til formål at beskrive, hvordan handlinger på fodboldbanen er relateret til de forskellige landsholds og landes kulturelle forståelse af fodbold, og hvordan disse handlinger bliver til talte dialekter indenfor fodboldsproget. Med afsæt i Edgar Scheins teoretiske ramme for kultur, blev de brasilianske og italienske fodboldlandsholds kulturer undersøgt. Udgangspunktet for analysen var både dokument- og videoanalyse. Dokumenterne var for det meste videnskabelige undersøgelser og populære bøger omhandlende de nationale fodboldkulturer, mens videoanalysen inkluderede alle kampe med Italien og Brasilien fra verdensmesterskaberne i 2010 og 2014. Den kulturelle analyse viste en vis sammenhæng mellem de nationale fodboldkulturer og landsholdene, hvilket indikerede en national dialekt i spillets sprog. Hver national dialekt syntes at være baseret på forskellige grundlæggende antagelser og til en vis grad specifikke symbolske handlinger på banen. Handlingerne viste sig at være relativt dynamiske, hvilket sætter spørgsmålstegn ved den kulturelle stabilitet på landsholdene. Endvidere afslørede analysen også inkohærens mellem landsholdene og den brasilianske og italienske fodboldkultur generelt. Resultaterne sætter spørgsmålstegn ved ideen om landshold som et symbol på en særlig national fodboldkultur.
Introduktion
Authors: Wikman Johan , Ryom Knud , Elsborg Peter
Published: February 2019

Introduktion til DIFO tidsskriftet Scandinavian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (SJSEP).
About SJSEP
Authors: Wikman Johan , Elsborg Peter
Published: February 2019

About SJSEP

Aim and Scope
CAMBIO TECNOLÓGICO, PRIVATIZACIÓN Y RECUPERACIÓN DE LA AUTOGESTIÓN COMUNITARIA DEL RIEGO. EL CASO DE SENYERA (VALÈNCIA)
Authors: Sanchis-Ibor Carles , Boelens Rutgerd , García-Mollá Marta
Published: February 2019

Los procesos de cambio de tecnología del riego están facilitando la penetración silenciosa de la empresa privada en los sistemas de gestión colectiva del riego en numerosos lugares de España y otros países mediterráneos. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno a partir del caso de estudio de Senyera (València), siguiendo la privatización, la disputa y la posterior recolectivización de la gestión por parte de los usuarios del riego. El trabajo muestra como la privatización menoscaba la autonomía de los agricultores y eleva los costes de gestión en un contexto de escasa transparencia. También revela la capacidad de los regantes para reelaborar su pasada acción colectiva, dando lugar a una nueva forma de autogestióncreativa.
FLORES, ACAPARAMIENTO DEL AGUA Y RESPONSABILIDAD EMPRESARIAL SOCIAL: CERTIFICACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ROSAS Y RECLAMOS POR LA JUSTICIA AMBIENTAL EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: Mena-Vásconez Patricio , Vos Jeroen , Van Ommen Pippi , Boelens Rutgerd
Published: February 2019

La producción comercial de flores, el acaparamiento del agua y las luchas sociales por un reparto equitativo y un ambiente sano tienen una estrecha relación. Ecuador es el tercer exportador mundial de rosas. Cayambe-Tabacundo es la principal zona de producción y presenta una fuerte presión sobre los recursos hídricos. El agua es acaparada por las grandes empresas florícolas, quedando el resto para agricultura/ganadería de subsistencia en comunidades indígenas. Las florícolas utilizan las certificaciones ambientales y de comercio justo privadas, pero los estándares son permisivos. Este artículo analiza las relaciones de poder detrás de las prácticas de certificación de flores. Concluye que solo tras la presión de agencias gubernamentales, ONGs y asociaciones de usuarios, las empresas florícolas comenzaron a cumplir los estándares.
The effects of high versus low talker variability and individual aptitude on phonetic training of Mandarin lexical tones
Authors: Dong Hanyu , Clayards Meghan , Brown Helen , Wonnacott Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

High variability training has been found to be more effective than low variability training when learning various non-native phonetic contrasts. However, little research has considered whether this applies to the learning of tone contrasts. The only two relevant studies suggested that the effect of high variability training depends on the perceptual aptitude of participants (Perrachione, Lee, Ha, & Wong, 2011; Sadakata & McQueen, 2014). The present study extends these findings by examining the interaction between individual aptitude and input variability using natural, meaningful second language input (both previous studies used pseudowords). Sixty English speakers took part in an eight session phonetic training paradigm. They were assigned to high/low/high-blocked variability training groups and learned real Mandarin tones and words. Individual aptitude was measured following previous work. Learning was measured using one discrimination task, one identification task and two production tasks. All tasks assessed generalisation. All groups improved in both the production and perception of tones which transferred to untrained voices and items, demonstrating the effectiveness of training despite the increased complexity compared with previous research. Although the low variability group exhibited an advantage with the training stimuli, there was no evidence for a benefit of high-variability in any of the tests of generalisation. Moreover, although aptitude significantly predicted performance in discrimination, identification and training tasks, no interaction between individual aptitude and variability was revealed. Additional Bayes Factor analyses indicated substantial evidence for the null for the hypotheses of a benefit of high-variability in generalisation, however the evidence regarding the interaction was ambiguous. We discuss these results in light of previous findings.
PRINSEQ++, a multi-threaded tool for fast and efficient quality control and preprocessing of sequencing datasets
Authors: Cantu Vito Adrian , Sadural Jeffrey , Edwards Robert
Published: February 2019

PRINSEQ++ is a C++ implementation of the very popular software prinseq-lite for quality control and preprocessing of sequencing datasets. PRINSEQ++ can run multi-threaded processes, which makes it more than 10 times faster than the original version. It can read from, and write to, compressed files, drastically reducing the use of hard-drive. PRINSEQ++ can filter, trim and reformat sequences by a variety of options to improve downstream analysis. PRINSEQ++ is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/Adrian-Cantu/PRINSEQ-plus-plus) and runs on all Unix-like systems.
TMEM266 is a functional voltage sensor regulated by extracellular Zn2+
Authors: Papp Ferenc , Lomash Suvendu , Szilagyi Orsolya , Babikow Erika , Smith Jaime , Chang Tsg-Hui , Bahamonde Maria Isabel , Toombes Gilman Ewan Stephen , Swartz Kenton Jon
Published: February 2019

Voltage-activated ion channels contain S1-S4 domains that sense membrane voltage and control opening of ion-selective pores, a mechanism that is crucial for electrical signaling. Related S1-S4 domains have been identified in voltage-sensitive phosphatases and voltage-activated proton channels, both of which lack associated pore domains. hTMEM266 is a protein of unknown function that is predicted to contain an S1-S4 domain, along with partially structured cytoplasmic termini. Here we show that hTMEM266 forms oligomers, undergoes both rapid (µs) and slow (ms) structural rearrangements in response to changes in voltage, and contains a Zn2+ binding site that can regulate the slow conformational transition. Our results demonstrate that the S1-S4 domain in hTMEM266 is a functional voltage sensor, motivating future studies to identify cellular processes that may be regulated by the protein. The ability of hTMEM266 to respond to voltage on the µs timescale may be advantageous for designing new genetically encoded voltage indicators.
Finns det några kompetenta barn här? Pedagogers gemensamma föreställningar om barn i pedagogisk dokumentation
Authors: Olsson Åsa
Published: February 2019

Syftet med artikeln är att belysa pedagogers gemensamma föreställningar om kompetenta barn, så som de kommer till uttryck i pedagogisk dokumentation. I ett projekt med målsättningen att utveckla det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet i förskolan, utformades en arbetsmodell för pedagogisk dokumentation. Ett femtiotal pedagoger vid 18 förskoleavdelningar deltog i projektet. Inom projektet genererades empiriskt material bestående av skriftlig pedagogisk dokumentation samt fokusgruppssamtal med dokumentationen som utgångspunkt. Analys av empirin genomfördes med social representationsteori som ansats, i en strävan efter att fånga pedagogers gemensamma föreställningar om kompetenta barn. Resultatet visar att föreställningar om kompetenta barn kan kategoriseras som essentiella, relationella och ideologiska, och att de olika kategorierna med underkategorier kan kopplas till skilda teorier och synsätt på barn och barns lärande.
Nyckelord: Kompetenta barn, pedagogisk dokumentation, förskola, pedagogers gemensamma föreställningar
Change of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization in a reclaimed sandy agricultural ecosystem
Authors: Wang Zengru , Liu Yubing , Zhao Lina , Zhang Wenli , Liu Lichao
Published: February 2019

The importance of soil microbial flora in agro-ecosystems is well known, but there is limited understanding of the effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial community succession in different farming management practices. Here, we report the responses of soil microbial community structure, abundance and activity to chemical (CF) and organic fertilization (OF) treatments in a sandy agricultural system of wheat-maize rotation over a 17-year period. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that the microbial community diversity and richness showed no significant changes in bacteria but decreased in fungi under both CF and OF treatments. The dominant species showing significant differences between fertilization regimes were Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Ascomycota at the phylum level, as well as some unclassified genera of other phyla at the genus level. As expected, soil organic matter content, nutrient element concentrations and bacterial abundance were enhanced by both types of fertilization, especially in OF, but fungal abundance was inhibited by OF. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil enzyme activities were closely related to both bacterial and fungal communities, and the soil nutrient, texture and pH value together determined the community structures. Bacterial abundance might be the primary driver of crop yield, and soil enzyme activities may reflect crop yield. Our results suggest a relatively permanent response of soil microbial communities to the long-term fertilization regimes in a reclaimed sandy agro-ecosystem from a mobile dune, and indicate that the appropriate dosage of chemical fertilizers is beneficial to sandy soil sustainability.
TRPV1 protects renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in diet-induced obese mice by enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow
Authors: Zhong Beihua , Ma Shuangtao , Wang Donna H.
Published: February 2019

Background

Obesity is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Using transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 knockout (TRPV1−/−) mice, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 protects against obesity-induced exacerbation of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods

TRPV1−/−and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a chow or Western diet (WD) for 22–23 weeks. After that, mice were subjected to renal I/R injury, and renal cortical blood flow (CBF) and medullary blood flow (MBF) were measured.

Results

The Western diet significantly increased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in both TRPV1−/−and WT mice. WD-induced impairment of glucose tolerance was worsened in TRPV1−/−mice compared with WT mice. WD intake prolonged the time required to reach peak reperfusion in the cortex and medulla (bothP< 0.05), decreased the recovery rate of CBF (P< 0.05) and MBF (P< 0.05), and increased blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and urinary 8-isoprostane levels after I/R in both mouse strains, with greater effects in TRPV1−/−mice (allP< 0.05). Renal I/R increased calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in WT but not in TRPV1−/−mice, and WD attenuated CGRP release in WT mice. Moreover, blockade of CGRP receptors impaired renal regional blood flow and renal function in renal I/R injured WT mice.

Conclusion

These results indicate that TRPV1 plays a protective role in WD-induced exacerbation of renal I/R injury probably through enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow.
Revision of the Afro-Madagascan genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae): infrageneric relationships and species delimitation
Authors: Larridon Isabel , Rabarivola Linah , Xanthos Martin , Muasya A. Muthama
Published: February 2019

A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed four distinct evolutionary lineages in the genus Costularia s.l. (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae, Poales). Two lineages are part of the Oreobolus clade of tribe Schoeneae: the first being a much-reduced genus Costularia s.s., and the second a lineage endemic to New Caledonia for which a new genus Chamaedendron was erected. The other two lineages were shown to be part of the Tricostularia clade of tribe Schoeneae. Based on morphological and molecular data, the genus Costularia is here redelimited to represent a monophyletic entity including 15 species, which is restricted in distribution to southeastern Africa (Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe), Madagascar, the Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius), and the Seychelles (Mahé). Molecular phylogenetic data based on two nuclear markers (ETS, ITS) and a chloroplast marker (trnL-F) resolve the studied taxa as monophyletic where multiple accessions could be included (except for Costularia laxa and Costularia purpurea, which are now considered conspecific), and indicate that the genus dispersed once to Africa, twice to the Mascarenes, and once to the Seychelles. Two endemic species from Madagascar are here described and illustrated as new to science, as is one additional species endemic to La Réunion. Two taxa previously accepted as varieties of Costularia pantopoda are here recognised at species level (Costularia baronii and Costularia robusta). We provide a taxonomic revision including an identification key, species descriptions and illustrations, distribution maps and assessments of conservation status for all species.
Massive in vitro Cloning of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) via Cultured Nodal Segments
Authors: Bele D. , Mishra Nishi , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi M. K. , Tiwari G.
Published: February 2019

Nodal segments of sandalwood were cultured on MS medium amended with different plant growth regulators in varying concentrations to search out higher in vitro response leading to plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and/or organogenesis. Higher proportion of direct somatic embryogenesis, number(s) of somatic embryo per explant and plantlet regeneration via direct organogenesis were recorded on MS medium supplemented with a moderate concentration of TDZ (1.0 mgl-1) in combination with comparatively a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1). A relative higher concentration of BAP (1.0-2.0 mgl-1) in combination with a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1) promoted frequency of indirect somatic embryogenesis. Ratio of organ formation directly from surface of cultured explants was recovered from culture medium fortified with a higher concentration of BA at the concentration of 4.0 mgl-1 in combination with a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1). Maximum plantlets regenerated via somatic embryogenesis (direct and/or indirect) on regeneration medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1TDZ  in combination with 1.0 mg l-1GA3, while plantlets in higher frequencies via indirect organogenesis was attained with regeneration medium amended with comparatively lower concentration of TDZ (1.0 mg l-1) in combination with 0.5 mgl-1 GA3 and 0.5     mgl-1 NAA. The plantlets were transferred to pots and hardened in Environmental Growth Cabinet and Net House during preliminary weaning period and transferred to field successfully. Morphologically normal plants were recovered.
Adsorption of PB(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Functionalized and Carbonized Groundnut Shell
Authors: Usifoh Ikemefuna , Odinigwe Rosemary , Obidiegwu M. U.
Published: February 2019

Groundnut shells were modified through functionalization and carbonization processes to produce three distinct adsorbents for adsorption of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution. Adsorption studies was carried out under varying conditions of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, metal ion concentration and temperature after the results were documented. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that the adsorbents performed optimally at a pH of 11 and the adsorption process was dependent upon changes in contact time. Adsorption capacity was observed to increase with increase in adsorbent dosage and decrease with increase in lead ion concentration across all adsorbents. Highest metal ion removal was by the GS-KOHC where 239.86 mg/g of lead ion was removed from the aqueous solution followed by the GS-HCLC at 228.0750 mg/g and then the GS-TPP adsorbent was least at 179.1235 mg/g.
Natural Regeneration in Tropical Rainforest, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Estigarribia Fabiana , Silva Joselane Príscila Gomes da , Cândido Paulo Fernando Rodrigues , Silva Nelio Domingos Da , Silva João Antonio Tanajura , Chaves Lúcia de Fatima de Carvalho
Published: February 2019

Aims: To evaluate the shrub-tree species of natural regeneration in a remnant of Tropical Rain Forest, located in the northeastern region of Brazil.

Study Design:  Systematic sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in a remnant of Tropical Rainforest, categorized as a Forest of Miritiba Wildlife Refuge, located in the municipality of Abreu and Lima, distant approximately 42 km from the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The area has approximately 273.40 ha. The data were collected in November 2016.

Methodology: The data were collected in 12 plots (25 m² each) allocated in 3 transects of 100 m in length, equidistant 50 m from each other, perpendicular to the edge of the weir located inside the fragment. The inclusion level established was a minimum height of 1.0 m and a base circumference at 30.0 cm from the ground (CAB 0.30 m) ≤ 15.0 cm. Three height classes (H) were considered, where Class I included individuals with 1.0 ≤ H ≤ 2.0 m; Class II with 2.0 <H <3.0 m and Class III with H> 3.0 m and CAP <15.0 cm.

Results: A total of 41 species belonging to 24 botanical families and 31 genus were recorded, representing a density of 8,867 ind.ha-1. The five richest families were Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae Anacardiaceae and Sapindaceae. The species with the highest estimated densities were Protium heptaphyllum, Erythroxylum mucronatum and Hirtella racemosa.

Conclusion: Among the species sampled in the regenerating component, which presented higher density and can be used for enrichment of areas in recovery process are Protium heptaphyllum, Erythroxylum mucronatum, Hirtella racemosa, Myrcia tomentosa and Eschweilera ovata.
Effect of Priming on Physiological Quality of Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.) Seeds
Authors: Silva Girlânio H. , José Anderson C. , Teixeira Fabrício P. , Gonzaga Luciana M. , Molina Raul R. , Medeiros Jordânia X. , Okada Maurício H. , Chamma Larissa
Published: February 2019

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different priming treatments in the longevity of H. serratifolius seeds. Seeds were osmo-conditioned in PEG -1.0 MPa at 10, 15 and 20°C or hydro-primed at 5, 10 and 15°C. Final germination, speed and uniformity of germination were assessed. Priming did not affect the final percentage nor uniformity of germination; however, the germination speed was increased after hydropriming at 15°C and osmo-conditioning at 15°C compared to the control. Primed and not primed seeds were placed into an incubator (25°C, dark, 100% RH) until they reached 15% moisture content. Then, seeds were incubated in a container at 40°C for 0 to 144 hours, so, samples were taken in each period for determination of viability. The results suggest that priming increases longevity of H. serratifolius seeds.
Ophthalmic Findings and Their Effect on Visual Function in Persons with Albinism in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ibanga Ihunanya , Pedro-Egbe Chinyere N. , Onua Alfred A. , Fiebai Bassey
Published: February 2019

Aim: To determine the pattern of ocular disorders in persons with albinism and how they affect visual function.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a five-month period on persons living with albinism in Southern Nigeria. The study participants were randomly selected during the monthly meetings of a support group known as The Albinism Foundation (TAF).Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were assessed using the ETDRS visual acuity chart and Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity test chart. A comprehensive eye examination including dilated fundoscopy was also carried out to determine other ocular disorders. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and statistical significance was set at a p-value ≤ 0.05.

Results: A total of 116 PWA (232 eyes) were examined. There were 44 (37.9%) males and 72 (62.1%) females. The age of the study subjects ranged from 5 to 56 years. Most eyes were visually impaired for both distance (n=228; 98.3%) and near vision (n= 224; 96.6%). Contrast sensitivity in most eyes (n=138; 59.5%) was subnormal. With refraction and Low Vision Aid (LVA), there was significant improvement of the mean VA by 2-3 acuity lines and 6 acuity lines respectively (p=0.000). All the examined eyes had fundus hypo-pigmentation, 91.4% (n=212) had iris trans-illumination, 86.2% (n=200) had nystagmus, and 34.4% (n=80) had strabismus. Nystagmus, strabismus and iris trans-illumination significantly (p=0.00) reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.

Conclusion: Most study participants had reduced distance visual acuity and contrast sensitivity but with correction there was a significant improvement in vision. The presence of nystagmus, strabismus and iris trans-illumination were observed to contribute to the poor vision experienced by most persons living with albinism. Hence, early optical intervention and counselling is important in improving the quality of living of persons with albinism.
Saxon Cross, Dumfriesshire
Authors: Gibson-Craig James T
Published: February 2019

A description of a Saxon Cross found in Hoddam, Dumfriesshire when the ancient church there was being taken down, which was exhibited to Society fellows. Of interest was that the cross was built with materials that previously had other uses. The author suggested that the object provides a good counterpart to the Runic Cross of Ruthwell, which comes from the same area, because they added to the small number of examples of Saxon remains in Scotland. There follows a list of other items exhibited at the same time as the cross.
Primitive Scottish Bells
Authors: Wilson Daniel
Published: February 2019

A rebuttal by Dr. Daniel Wilson of a paper printed in vol. iv of the Archaeologia Scotica (but which was originally given in 1827), which attributed a Scandinavian origin to the Buidhean or Bell of Strowan. Dr. Wilson relates several local legends that were attached to the Bell of Strowan as well as others like it. Given the number of Scottish religious sites with which these bells are associated, many of them pre-dating the Scandinavian invasion of the island, Dr. Wilson concludes that these must be native objects.

 

Meetings minutes for January 12, 1852 are appended.
Inscribed Runic Ring
Authors: Hay-Newton William Waring
Published: February 2019

A bronze ring with a runic inscription, found in St Andrews in 1849, was exhibited, and the author points out that it is believed to be the only known example of Anglo-Saxon paleography in Scotland outside of the Ruthwell Cross. Although conceding that the ravages of time have left little decipherable about the inscription, he talks about the etymology of rune and the association of runes with magic and charms. The author disccuses a number of surviving rings whose inscriptions show them to have been used for medical purposes.
Roman Antiquities found at Newstead, Roxburghshire
Authors: Smith John Alexander
Published: February 2019

Dr. John Alex Smith presented several papers on the subject of Roman presence in the vicinity of the Eildon Hills, which had years earlier been posited by General Roy to be the site of Trimontium. His arguments for agreeing with the general in the first place go back to an examination of Ptolemy's map of Britain, but then he brings in evidence that had accumulated in the fields outside of nearby Newstead, where many remains of Roman occupation had turned up since 1780. Especially important are two altar stones, which are figured in the engraved plate that accompanies the article. The article ends with an introduction to a third paper which forms the next article in the journal.
Monumental Brass of the Regent Moray
Authors: Seton George
Published: February 2019

George Seton exhibited a rubbing taken from the monumental brass that was set above the tomb of the Regent Moray in St. Giles' Cathedral. The tomb had been demolished and the brass removed in 1829, during the repairs of the church.
On some ancient Greek Medical Vases for containing Lykion; &c., and on the modern use of the same drug in India
Authors: Simpson James Young
Published: February 2019

Professor James Young Simpson, with apologies for an article about Greek antiquities rather than Scottish ones, wrote an article to bring attention to several examples of Greek medical vases with inscriptions referring to lycium, a medicine that he found mention of in Galen and Dioscorides, among others. The professor wished to remark on the bottles because there was so little material evidence of Ancient Greek medical practices, in comparison especially with Ancient Roman medicine.

 

The meeting minutes for March 8, 1852 are appended on, mainly a list of donations mades to the Society.
Altar-Plate of the Collegiate Church, Haddington
Authors: Hay-Newton William Waring
Published: February 2019

William Waring Hay-Newton passed along notice of records from the Burgh Court of Haddington that evidenced the church's possession of several chalices and the titular altar-plate. Newton saw these as a sign of the burgh's wealth and the pool of artistic talent available to the community. Below this summary of his findings, Newton reproduced several entries from the records, in Scots and with typography preserving scribal abbreviations.