bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lichten Award Paper: Experimental Measurements and Low-Order Modeling of Stacked Rotor Performance in Hover
Authors:   University of Texas at Austin, Johnson Chloe , Sirohi Jayant
Published: July 2023

Coaxial, co-rotating ('stacked') rotors have been shown in the past to increase performance and decrease noise. Due to renewed interest in Urban Air Mobility, research of stacked rotors has increased. This paper reports an experimental study of 1.108 m-radii fixed-pitch stacked rotor with variable axial and azimuthal spacing performed to quantify effects of rotor geometry on total and individual rotor performance. Compared to a conventional, four-bladed rotor, figure of merit was found to increase by 6.4% at small axial spacings. A new rotor concept using azimuthal variation for thrust control was validated. It was observed that total thrust can be varied up to 17% through an azimuthal spacing change of 22.5°. Additionally, a low-order model code, Blade Interaction Prediction (BLIP), was developed to efficiently predict the thrust of closely-spaced rotor blades. BLIP couples vortex element method and blade element momentum theory to combine the effects of chord-wise circulation and rotor inflow. Excellent correlation was observed with experimental results and it was found that small azimuthal angles are most effective to vary total thrust.
The Stopped Rotor Concept - A New Look at an Old Idea
Authors:   Aviation 360 LLC, Brown Gerald ,   Research in Flight, Ahuja Vivek
Published: July 2023

This paper reviews and reassesses the Stopped Rotor Concept. It briefly describes a number of historical Stopped Rotor experiments, discusses the problems they encountered, the limitations imposed by old technologies, and why they were not successful. It sheds some light on the rationale, during that time, for not pursuing further research in those design concepts. While it has been well understood for decades that a low disc-loading rotor is the most efficient vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) element, and high aspect ratio wings are the most efficient cruise elements, those experiments demonstrated how difficult it has been to combine those two efficient elements in a single aircraft. A new design is presented which revisits the Stopped Rotor Concept and shows that with modern technologies, materials, and analysis tools it is now possible to design and build an aircraft that uses low disc-loading rotor blades not only for efficient VTOL but also for efficient cruise.
Performance Exploration of Vertical Payload Lifting Using a Single Circling Tethered Fixed-Wing Aircraft
Authors:   University de Sherbrooke, Doguet Maxime , Bouchard Mathieu , Rancourt David
Published: July 2023

Since the beginning of the 2000s, concepts for transporting payload with multiple tethered aircraft have been proposed to balance the lateral loads on a stationary payload. An alternative, initially developed in the 1940s considered a single aircraft and long tether to minimize the lateral motion of the payload during the circling motion of the aircraft in hover. To shorten the tether and reduce the drag losses associated, a concept with a single aircraft and an active stabilization system on the payload is proposed. This paper demonstrates that a single Pipistrel Sinus can vertically lift a stabilized underslung payload of 660 lb (300 kg) at 6,000 ft (1,800 m) under temperature conditions of 95 deg F (35 deg C) with less than 47 hp (35 kW) and a reduction of 70% of the tether length compared to a non-stabilized payload.
Experimental Demonstration of the Lifting Capability of a Towed Payload Using Multiple Fixed-wing UAVs
Authors:   University de Sherbrooke, Quenneville Samuel ,   Exonetik, Walsh Alex ,   Safran Electronics and Defense Canada, Feyel Philippe , Therien Francis , Verrette Jessy , Rancourt David , Bigue Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2023

This paper presents an experimental demonstration of the Giant Rotor System (GRS), a heavy-lifting aircraft concept based on the Electric Power Reconfigurable Rotor (EPR²) concept and subsequent studies. The GRS is the first system to successfully demonstrate, under real outdoor flight conditions, the lifting of a payload with two off-the-shelf tethered fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The non-optimized system demonstrated hover flight and slow vertical lifting (less than 1 m/s) capabilities while lifting a 20 kg payload with two 3.2 kg UAVs and a total of 2.1 kW. The lifting efficiency achieved by the GRS is approximately 4 times better than that of any conventional rotorcraft or heavy-lift VTOL system. The results of this study are promising and bring us closer to the reality of using available commercial airplanes for vertical lifting applications. The experimental setup, the control scheme, the flight test results, and a comparison of the GRS performance to that of conventional rotorcraft are described in this paper.
A Comparison of Rotor Disk Modeling and Blade-Resolved CFD Simulations for NASA's Tiltwing Air Taxi
Authors:   NASA Ames Research Center, Perez David , Diaz Patricia , Ahmad Jasim , Yoon Seokkwan
Published: July 2023

A multi-fidelity computational fluid dynamics analysis is carried out for NASA's tiltwing air taxi concept operating in airplane and helicopter mode. High-fidelity simulations are computationally expensive due to individual rotor blade modeling in a time-dependent computational domain with rotating grids. The mid-fidelity rotor disk option, in its source term implementation, is explored as a more affordable alternative. Computations are performed with NASA's OVERFLOW flow solver loosely-coupled with the comprehensive code CAMRAD II for appropriate rotor trim. Detailed comparisons are shown for the trim solution, airloads, wake geometry, and rotor performance. While the rotor disk model is able to capture the flow field with satisfactory agreement in airplane mode, it faces difficulties in helicopter mode due to the three-dimensional effects of the wake. Although this study is limited to a specific vehicle geometry, it is expected that the results are somewhat generalizable to the analysis of multirotor configurations.
BOS and Hot-Film Analysis of a CH-53G Helicopter Wake in Ground Effect
Authors:   German Aerospace Center - DLR, Braukmann Johannes , Schwarz Clemens , Wolf Christian , Buron Elizabeth , Koch Stefan , Buske Gerrit , Gardner Anthony
Published: July 2023

Constant temperature anemometry and background-oriented schlieren (BOS) measurements on a CH-53G helicopter (take off mass n ≈ 14t) are used to investigate the rotor wake including the vortex breakdown to statistical turbulence. Hovering flights at a range of hub heights 0:50 < h < 0:83 were investigated. The position of the rotorcraft was optically tracked using markers affixed to the fuselage. A complete breakdown of the tip vortices was noted within 0:3R of the rotor plane, in stark qualitative contrast to small scale experiments which show the tip vortices persisting to the ground plane. The large (37m²) BOS field of view showed a small effect of vortex pairing and blade vortex interaction, which was overshadowed by the rapid wake breakdown. Vortex pairing was found to result from varying vortex convection velocities rather than from differences in the vortex spacing due to the blade track.
Characterization of the Response of a Single Rotor in Hover to Dynamic Collective Pitch
Authors:   The University of Texas at Austin, Mortimer Patrick ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Ho Jimmy ,   San Jose State University, Padthe Ashwani , Yu Daniel , Sirohi Jayant , Lopez Mark
Published: July 2023

The flow fields of a 2m-diameter two-bladed single rotor were measured using particle image velocimetry, and computed using a coupled RCAS-VVPM analysis. Dynamic collective pitch inputs were introduced in terms of stepped sines with an amplitude of 1°, and frequencies of 0.0/rev, 0.2/rev, 0.3/rev, 0.4/rev, 0.6/rev, and 0.7/rev. Phase-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements were performed to capture the flow field response to the dynamic pitch inputs at an azimuthal location of Ψb = 90°. Flow field information was acquired at specific measurement locations in order to capture the dynamic effects at the azimuthal plane of interest. A total of ten measurement locations were captured for each excitation frequency. At each measurement location 200 instantaneous flow realizations were captured. The goal of this study was to develop an experimental and numerical procedure to investigate the wake and loads of a single isolated rotor in hover in response to stepped sine pitch inputs at a nominal collective pitch angle of θ0 = 8° and nominal blade loading of CT/σ = 0.08. The change in rotor thrust ranged from ΔCT = 13.5% to 22% over the range of actuation frequencies tested. The corresponding change in rotor power ranged from ΔCP = 2.3% to 6.7%. Frequency analysis performed at multiple radial locations along the rotor blade showed a gradual increase radially in the axial velocity magnitude for all excitation frequencies. The largest axial velocity magnitude corresponded to an actuation frequency of f = 0.2/rev for all radial locations. The numerical results showed a consistent under-prediction at all outboard radial locations, but showed closer agreement to the measured data at inboard radial locations.
Pesticidal effects of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) on maize weevil: potency of scent leaf on Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: Okwuonu Elijah Sunday , Nnanna Chinwike Emmanuel , Nwakwocha Chigbogu Promise , Okoye Ikem Chris
Published: July 2023

Maize weevil is a major pest of stored maize grains in many regions of the world including Nigeria. A laboratory investigation was conducted to assess the potency of Ocimum gratissimum leaves for Sitophilus zeamais control. O. gratissimum powder was used for ethanolic extract preparation by soaking 300g of dry powdered plant material in 1.5 litres of ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature with continuous stirring for 10 minutes. The ethanolic extract tested for phytochemical constituents, including tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds terpenoids, steroids, glycoside, and flavonoids, were all present except steroids. Exposure of adult S zeamais to different concentrations of ethanolic extract generated significant cumulative mortality, and increased as the concentration increased; 35.5%, 64.4%, 95.5%, and 100% mortalities of S zeamais at 30,150, 250, and 750 mg/ml extract, respectively. The capacity of the extract to induce 100% mortality at 750mg/ml concentration revealed its potential as an insecticidal agent, evoked low weight loss, and seed damage against the weevils on grains treated with the highest dosage of the extract.The ethanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum displayed high level of insecticidal activity against maize weevil suggesting high possibility of using it as toxicants, repellents, feeding deterrents, and food poisoning agents in integrated pest management strategies of Sitophilus zeamais.
RoBANS 2: A Revised Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions
Authors: Seo Hyun-Ju , Kim Soo Young , Lee Yoon Jae , Park Ji-Eun
Published: July 2023

Assessment of the risk of bias is an essential component of any systematic review. This is true for both nonrandomized studies and randomized trials, which are the main study designs of systematic reviews. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) was developed in 2013 and has gained wide usage as a risk-of-bias assessment tool for nonrandomized studies. Four risk-of-bias assessment experts revised it by reviewing existing assessment tools and user surveys. The main modifications included additional domains of selection and detection bias susceptible to nonrandomized studies of interventions, a more detailed consideration of the comparability of participants, and more reliable and valid outcome measurements. A psychometric assessment of the revised RoBANS (RoBANS 2) revealed acceptable inter-rater reliability (weighted kappa, 0.25 to 0.49) and construct validity in which intervention effects of studies with an unclear or high risk of bias were overestimated. The RoBANS 2 has acceptable feasibility, fair-to-moderate reliability, and construct validity. It provides a comprehensive framework for allowing authors to assess and understand the plausible risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions.
Work-Family Conflict and Family Role Performance Among Collegiate Athletic Trainers
Authors: Singe Stephanie M. , Rodriguez Melanie , Cairns Alexandrya , Eason Christianne M. , Rynkiewicz Kelsey
Published: July 2023

Context

Work-life balance continues to be a focal point of athletic training research, particularly due to the job challenges and demands of health care providers. Despite a large body of literature, much is still unexplored, especially in the area of family role performance (FRP).

Objective

To examine the relationships between work-family conflict (WFC), FRP, and various demographic variables among athletic trainers employed in the collegiate setting.

Design

Cross-sectional online survey.

Setting

Collegiate setting.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 586 collegiate athletic trainers (females = 374, males = 210, sex variant or nonconforming = 1, preferred not to answer = 1).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Data were collected through an online survey (Qualtrics) in which participants responded to demographic questions and previously validated WFC and FRP scales. Demographic data were reported and analyzed for descriptive information and frequencies. Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to identify differences among groups.

Results

Participants’ mean scores were 28.19 ± 6.01 and 45.86 ± 11.55 for the FRP and WFC scales, respectively. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed differences between men and women for WFC scores (U = 344 667, P = .021). The FRP score was moderately negatively correlated with the WFC total score (rs[584] = −0.497, P < .001) and predicted the WFC score (b = 72.02, t582 = −13.30, P = .001). The Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated that married athletic trainers (47.20 ± 11.92) had higher WFC scores than those who were not married (43.48 ± 11.78; U = 19847.00, P = .003). Mann-Whitney U analysis (U = 32 096.00, P = .001) also revealed a difference between collegiate athletic trainers with children (48.16 ± 12.44) and those without children (44.68 ± 10.90).

Conclusions

Collegiate athletic trainers experienced more WFC with marriage and having children. We propose that the time required to raise a family and build relationships may cause WFC due to time incongruencies. Athletic trainers want to be able to spend time with their families; however, when such time is highly limited, then WFC increases.
Paediatric antiretroviral update
Authors: Sorour Gillian , Sipambo Nosisa , Archary Moherndran
Published: July 2023

No abstract available.
The Paucity of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Training Programs in Africa
Authors: Fueta Patrick Ovie
Published: July 2023

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest burden of childhood and adolescent mortality in the world. The leading causes of mortality in pediatric populations in Africa include preterm birth complications, pneumonia, malaria, diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, and road injuries. These causes of childhood and adolescent mortality often lead to emergency room utilization due to critical presentation, placing emphasis on the importance of pediatric emergency services in Africa. Despite the criticality of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) in the region, there is a paucity of PEM training programs in Africa. Ongoing interventions focused on addressing the poor access to PEM training and services include isolated efforts to provide PEM-specific training to nonemergency medicine (EM)-trained practitioners and expand current EM training to include PEM piloted in a single center in Kenya. Sustainable efforts require organized efforts with government and graduate medical education bodies. We discuss the existing infrastructure that can be utilized in promoting the establishment of PEM training programs and urge local governments' investment as well as other stakeholders, including graduate medical education, to address the issue of childhood mortality in Africa through the improved provision and access to PEM training.
Management Difficulties in the Coexistence of Covid-19 Infection and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Case Report; Two Children with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes)
Authors: Comlek Fatma Özgüç , Sönmez Gülsüm
Published: July 2023

Two 8-year-old girls were admitted to the emergency department with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) approximately 10 days apart. The patients with resistant severe acidosis and high infection parameters were diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test. Accompanying pneumonia was observed in one of the patients. Here, we aimed to discuss the difficulties in the management of patients with a new diagnosis of DKA with COVID-19 infection. In addition, we wanted to emphasize that COVID-19 infection may be effective in the development of diabetes in patients with a genetic predisposition.
Impact of Sepsis in Patients Admitted with COVID-19 Infection in a Tertiary Care Center in Delhi. A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nath Smita , Sharma Hemant , Chilumula Shankar , Rajkumar Panjala , Dutta Sukanya , Jain Shally
Published: July 2023

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the worst humanitarian crises in human history. Viral sepsis is implicated as a major source of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection. The study provides an insight into impact of COVID-19 associated sepsis on the patient's clinical course and mortality.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 112 participants admitted with symptomatic COVID-19 infection in a COVID-19 designated center in New Delhi, India between July and October 2020.

Result:

41.1% (n=46) of the participants had critical disease which includes sepsis. Out of 46 Critical patients 19 (41.3%) had sepsis, 21(45.7%) had septic shock and 6 (18.8%) had Sepsis with ARDS. Sepsis and septic shock at time of presentation was associated with higher mortality.

Conclusion:

Severe and critical illness was marked by advance age, comorbidities like Diabetes mellitus, high total leucocyte count and deranged renal and hepatic function in the study. Thus COVID-19 induced sepsis is an important determinant of disease severity precipitating multiorgan dysfunction and adverse outcome in patients.
Predictors of Burden Perceived by Informal Caregivers of Patients Registered in the Home Health-Care Unit
Authors: Alhawsawi Ebtisam M. F. , Hariri Ghufran A. , Alfakeh Sulhi A. , Alkhatieb Maram T.
Published: July 2023

Context:

Studies have reported multiple variables that can affect the level of burden on informal caregivers. The need for informal caregivers is expected to increase in the upcoming years. Informal caregivers are an important extension of the formal health-care system.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to discover the characteristics of informal caregivers of adult patients, to determine the socioeconomic, psychological, and physical consequences facing informal caregivers, and to measure caregivers' burdens and needs.

Settings and Design:

An analytical cross-sectional study that was carried out in Saudi Arabia, in the home health-care unit of King Abdelaziz University Hospital in the city of Jeddah.

Subjects and Methods:

A validated self-administered questionnaire in Arabic and English was used. The required sample size was 122 participants. Ethical approval was obtained.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics consisted of means, standard deviations, frequency tables, cross-tabulation, and charts. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test to determine significant relationships between variables.

Results:

A total of 124 participants responded to a request to participate in the study. The majority of the caregivers (92) were family members. There was a significant relationship between the nature of the connection between the caregiver and the recipient in association with the burden scale (P = 0.001). No significant relationship was found between caregivers' gender, marital status, or income level and the burden score.

Conclusions:

Most of the caregivers reported no burden to minimal burden. The relationship with the care recipient has a negative impact on the burden scale.
Effect of Carbetocin on Uterine Tone during Cesarean Section
Authors: Fyneface-Ogan Sotonye , Fiebai Preye O. , Orazulike Ngozi Clare
Published: July 2023

Background:

Postpartum hemorrhage remains a challenge in obstetric practice in developing climes and contributes immensely to the horrendous figures of maternal mortality worldwide.

Aim:

The aim was to compare the effect of intravenous (IV) carbetocin on uterine tone under different anesthetic techniques for elective cesarean section.

Methods:

Four hundred and seventy-eight consecutive women scheduled for elective cesarean section were recruited into two groups by convenience. While 445 parturients received subarachnoid block (SAB), 33 had general anesthesia (GA). At delivery, IV carbetocin was administered. The uterine tone was assessed manually and blood loss from intraoperative period to the 24th h was determined. Other variables such as hemodynamic profiles and Apgar scores were determined and recorded.

Results:

The bio-characteristics between the two groups were essentially the same in terms of age, weight, height, body mass index, preoperative hemoglobin, and gestational age. While the response to the administered carbetocin was slower in the GA group, there was no need for additional dose. The mean estimated intraoperative blood loss under SAB was 250.44 ± 50.59 ml and that under GA was 470.89 ± 35.70 ml, P = 0.000000. The ephedrine consumption was 6.25 ± 2.05 mg in the SAB group while it was 11.25 ± 2.49 mg, P = 0.000000. There was no further maternal blood loss observed after the intraoperative period until the end of 24-h period. The hemodynamic profiles were significantly different in terms of mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure, P = 0.006, P = 0.002, and P = 0.003, respectively. However, the difference in the mean heart rate was not statistically significant, P = 0.304. While the Apgar scores between groups were not statistically significant, the mean umbilical pH was 7.34 ± 0.09 in the SAB group, it was 7.35 ± 0.02 in the GA group, P = 0.071.

Conclusion:

Intraoperative maternal blood loss was more among the parturients who received GA than subarachnoid blood. This could probably be due to the effect of the halogenated vapor used for the GA on the uterine tone. There was no further blood loss after the intraoperative period. The hemodynamic profile was better under SAB as evidenced by the total ephedrine consumption.
Association between Maternal Selenium Levels and Pregnancy Outcome among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Health-Care Center in Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Okonkwo Rasmus Izuchukwu , Onyeabochukwu Augustine Duke , Izuka Emmanuel Obiora , Duke-Onyeabo Chukwunonyerem Precious , Obiora-Izuka Chinelo Elizabeth , Ejelonu Uchenna Terry , Nwagha Uchenna Ifeanyi
Published: July 2023

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection constitutes a major medical complication of pregnancy and is associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes. However, the relationship between maternal serum selenium levels and pregnancy outcomes has been inconsistent.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal serum selenium status and pregnancy outcome in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in a tertiary health facility.

Methodology:

A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women at a tertiary health-care facility in Owerri. Participants were recruited from the labor ward and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. One hundred and ten HIV-positive pregnant women were compared with an equal number of HIV-negative pregnant women. They were matched for age, parity and gestational age. Selenium level was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Maternal packed cell volume (PCV) was also assessed at recruitment. At delivery, the birth weight was measured using a standard weighing scale and documented. Cases of preterm births, perinatal deaths, major congenital abnormalities, and neonatal admission were noted and also documented. Statistical analysis was performed using means and standard deviation. Chi-square test, Student's t-test, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation were also employed. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.

Results:

HIV-positive pregnant women had significantly lower mean serum selenium concentration compared with HIV-negative pregnant women (64.3 ± 19.6 μg/L vs. 100.1 ± 30.9 μg/L; P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between serum selenium concentration and birth weight among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women (P < 0.001). Similarly, a statistically significant association was seen between serum selenium and maternal PCV in HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women (P = 0.024 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, there was no association found between serum selenium and other pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion:

HIV-positive pregnant women had a lower mean serum selenium level compared to HIV-negative pregnant women. There was a significant association between low maternal serum selenium level and maternal anemia, as well as low birth weight, especially in HIV-positive pregnant women.
Intravenous Snake Bite
Authors: Naik Sadananda B.
Published: July 2023

The rapid onset of life-threatening clinical manifestations in venomous snake bite could be due to an intravenous bite. This article seeks to review and consider the clinical implications, pathophysiology, and management of this rare route of snake envenomation broadly by venomous snakes which are little described in the available literature.
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia Originating from Congenital Left Ventricular Diverticula
Authors: Zhang Hong-Da , Ding Lei , Mi Li-Jie , Zhang Kuo , Jiang Zi-Han , Yu Feng-Yuan , Tang Min
Published: July 2023

Patients with congenital ventricular aneurysms or diverticula can have ventricular arrhythmias. A 23-year-old woman with congenital diverticula was diagnosed with frequent premature ventricular complexes and ventricular tachycardia and was scheduled for catheter ablation. Detailed endocardial mapping was performed using intracardiac echocardiography integrated with three-dimensional computed tomography and the three-dimensional mapping system. Epicardial mapping was also performed using the three-dimensional mapping system. A large area of low voltage was identified inside the diverticula. At the ostium of the diverticula, fragmented and late potentials of low amplitude were identified during sinus rhythm on endocardial mapping. The late potential during sinus rhythm was earlier than the onset of the premature ventricular complex. Endocardial catheter ablation of these sites was acutely successful, and no premature ventricular complexes and ventricular tachycardia occurred during follow-up.
Oral Manifestation in Postmenopausal Women of Maharashtra, Western Region
Authors: Muneshwar Shrutika Sanjay , Ashwinirani S. R. , Gole Abhishek Anilrao , Suragimath Girish
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Menopause in women is a physiological state that gives rise to adaptive changes at both the systemic and oral levels. The oral manifestations of postmenopausal women may vary for each patient. It occurs in the form of burning mouth syndrome, xerostomia, periodontitis, etc., We aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in the postmenopausal population, to know the nature and severity of oral manifestations occurring in postmenopausal women, and to assess the systemic conditions of these postmenopausal women with oral manifestations. The study was designed to assess the oral manifestation in postmenopausal women of Maharashtra, Western region.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in the department of oral medicine and radiology. A total of 90 patients were included. A detailed clinical examination was done using a mouth mirror and probe. The clinical pro forma recorded demographic data, including the duration of menopause and different oral manifestations like xerostomia, periodontitis, lichen planus, oral candidiasis, etc., Collected data were entered into MS Excel and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

In the study, there were a total of 90 patients. These patients were distributed into three groups based on their age groups. The majority of the oral manifestations were reported in patients belonging to Group 2 (60–70 years age group).

Conclusion:

Overall, 76.6% of patients reported oral mucosal changes; of which 20.2% of patients reported xerostomia, 15.9% reported periodontitis, 13% showed altered taste, 8.6% of patients had lichen planus, and 7.2% patients reported oral candidiasis and space infections.
Prevalence of Oral Cancer in Western Population of Maharashtra for 3 Years: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gole Abhishek Anilrao , Ashwinirani S. R. , Kadashetti Vidya , Suragimath Girish , Muneshwar Shrutika , Godse Priti
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

In developing countries, oral cancer (OC) is estimated to be the third most common malignancy after cancer of the cervix and stomach. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of OC for 3 years and its association with age, gender, type, and duration of habits along with the site of OC.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology from January 2019 to December 2021. All the patients were examined after recording their demographic data using a mouth mirror and probe. The diagnosis of OC was arrived based on the clinical features of the lesions. The type and duration of habits and site were recorded in clinical pro forma. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was applied, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The prevalence of OC was 0.22% in our study. Of 317 cases, the majority of the patients were males (n = 204), and females (n = 113) accounted for a male: female ratio of 2:1. The most common age affected was 51–70 years with a history of tobacco chewing, followed by patients with multiple habits (smokers, tobacco chewers, and alcoholic). The buccal mucosa was the most common site followed by malignancies of multiple sites.

Conclusion:

Regular camps regarding tobacco cessation and counseling should be taken care of by dentists. Male patients aged above 40 years are routinely recommended for dental visits.
Tangent ray foliations and their associated outer billiards
Authors: Godoy Yamile , Harrison Michael , Salvai Marcos
Published: July 2023

Let

v

be a unit vector field on a complete, umbilic (but not totally geodesic) hypersurface

N

in a space form; for example, on the unit sphere

S^{2k-1} \subset \mathbb{R}^{2k}

or on a horosphere in hyperbolic space. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on

v

for the rays with initial velocities

v

(and

-v

) to foliate the exterior

U

of

N

. We find and explore relationships among these vector fields, geodesic vector fields, and contact structures on

N

. When the rays corresponding to each of

\pm v

foliate

U

,

v

induces an outer billiard map whose billiard table is

U

. We describe the unit vector fields on

N

whose associated outer billiard map is volume preserving. Also we study a particular example in detail, namely, when

N \simeq \mathbb{R}^3

is a horosphere of the four-dimensional hyperbolic space and

v

is the unit vector field on

N

obtained by normalizing the stereographic projection of a Hopf vector field on

S^{3}

. In the corresponding outer billiard map we find explicit periodic orbits, unbounded orbits, and bounded nonperiodic orbits. We conclude with several questions regarding the topology and geometry of bifoliating vector fields and the dynamics of their associated outer billiards.
Частично интегральные операторы на пространствах Банаха-Канторовича
Authors: Arziev Allabay Dzhalgasovich , Kudaybergenov Karimbergen Kadirbergenovich , Oryinbaev P R , Tanirbergen A K
Published: July 2023

В настоящей статье исследуются частично интегральные операторы на пространствах Банаха-Канторовича над кольцом измеримых функций. Получено разложение циклического модульного спектра ограниченного модульно линейного оператора на пространстве Банаха-Канторовича в виде измеримого расслоения спектров ограниченных операторов на банаховых пространствах. Классические банаховы пространства со смешанной нормой наделяются структурой модулей Банаха-Канторовича. Используя такие представления, показано, что каждый частично интегральный оператор на пространстве со смешанной нормой представляется в виде измеримого расслоения интегральных операторов. В частности, показана циклическая компактность таких операторов, и как приложение установлена $\nabla$-альтернатива Фредгольма. Также приведен пример частично интегрального оператора с непустым циклически модульным дискретным спектром, в то время как его модульный дискретный спектр является пустым множеством.
Библиография: 28 названий.
Studies of immune parameters in adolescents over the period of 2020-2021
Authors: Kostarev Sergey N. , Sereda Tatyana G.
Published: July 2023

Changes of immune system in adolescents during the 2020-2021 pandemic have not been sufficiently studied. The paper concerns features of flow cytometric indexes among the children of different age groups and their immunoglobulin status. The cohort was classified into 12 categories (3 age subgroups, and 4 categories relative to immunoglobulin status). The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immunograms among children and adolescents during the COVID pandemic evaluated by means of flow cytometry. The methodology of the present work was based on evaluation of immunograms including biochemical studies and flow cytometric analysis.

The results of immunological studies of the patients were classified into three age categories. Laboratory diagnostics of human immune system was performed by means of serological and flow cytometric analyses. A total of 250 samples were analyzed in the course of the study. Primary classification of immunograms was performed by immunoglobulin A, M and G status into four categories as follows: absence of disease (R1); immunoglobulin A, M, G values within the reference ranges and active disease (R2); immunoglobulin A and M beyond the reference ranges and passive disease stage (R3); immunoglobulin G and M status and patient recovery process (R4). Eight parameters of immune cells detectable by flow cytometry were chosen for evaluation: total leukocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (CD3+), B lymphocytes (CD19+), NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helper cells (CD3+CD4+), NKT cells, and immunoregulation index (CD4+/CD8+). Quantitative assessment of deviations for these indices from the reference values was performed in three distinct age groups under 18 years of age living in the Perm region of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020-2021.

The results showed that, in the R1 category, exceeding of reference values was observed for T cells and B cells in the older and younger groups. For T helper cells and immunoregulation index, the reference thresholds were exceeded in the younger groups. The R2 patients had higher leukocyte levels in the older group along with lower immunoglobulin levels. The immunoregulation index in the younger group was accompanied by higher immunoglobulin levels. T cell levels were decreased in the middle group, along with reduced immunoglobulin levels. B lymphocyte values were elevated in the middle group with decreased immunoglobulin levels. In R3 children, a decrease was observed in the immunoregulation index for the older group, with decreased immunoglobulin levels. In the R4 category, the decreased overall deviation of the main immunogram indexes was revealed.
Cytotoxic T cell subsets in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Serebriakova MariIa K. , Ilves Alexander G. , Lebedev Valeriy M. , Novoselova Olga M. , Prakhova Lidia N. , Kudryavtsev Igor V.
Published: July 2023

Using multicolor flow cytometry, the main cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tcyt) subsets were identified, based on the expression of CD45RA and CD62L in paired samples of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from the patients during the relapse (n = 32) and remission (n = 20) of multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as in the peripheral blood samples of healthy volunteers (n = 51). During the relapse of MS, we have observed a decreased relative number of CD3+CD4+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in cerebrospinal liquor. In peripheral blood taken from the relapsed MS patients, we have found significant correlations between EDSS score and absolute counts (r = -0,430, p = 0.014), and with relative numbers of CD45RA+CD62L+Tcyt (r = -0,502, p = 0.003). In remission state of MS, the relative numbers of blood CD45RA-CD62L-Tcyt cells exhibited a significant decrease (p = 0.005) to 8.70% (6.51-11.63) against control group with 12.18% (10.38-15.24), although it did not significantly differ (p = 0.114) from the relapsed patients with 11.31% (8.28-13.90). Studies of liquor samples have shown that, during MS relapse, the percentage of CD45RA-CD62L-Tcyt was increased (p = 0.027) up to 8.16% (6.40-11.40), while in remission state these cells comprised only 6.49% (4.51-8.39) from the total CD3+ cell number. During relapse of MS, some positive correlations were revealed between the relative number of nave, CM, EM and TEMRA Tcyt from liquor, and the percentages, as well as contents of similar T cell subsets in peripheral blood samples. The inverse relationship between the level of EM Tcyt from liquor and peripheral blood naive cells showed the close relationship between these two Tcyt subsets and clinical manifestations of MS (i.e., scores of EDSS scale). During the remission period, most of these correlations are disrupted. Further investigations of cytotoxic T cells dynamics in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid will help to approach the understanding of MS pathogenesis by revealing novel markers for the clinical prognosis in this disorder.
Role of substance P in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria
Authors: Mikryukova Natalia V. , Kalinina Natalia M.
Published: July 2023

Chronic urticaria (CU) is a serious issue in clinical allergology. Exact pathogenesis of diseases is unknown despite a fairly large number of studies. From clinical view, CU manifests as wheals and/or angioedema, lasting for more than 6 weeks. It is classified into spontaneous (without obvious triggers) and induced CU (in cases of evident physical and chemical stimuli). It is quite difficult to reveal its cause. Most often, the patients refer to specific foods as a trigger factor. Stress is the second leading cause of CU after breaking the diet. Mental or emotional stress has been shown to cause degranulation of mast cells (MC) and histamine release. Substance P (SP) is a neurotransmitter, which underlies neuroimmune inflammation, being considered the most informative marker of CU. The purpose of our study was to assess a role of SP in the CU pathogenesis and to determine the relationship of SP with known urticaria triggers and comorbidities.
We examined 97 patients with CU and 68 apparently healthy individuals matched by sex and age. The levels of histamine and substance P (SP) were determined in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay. The patients were classified into groups, depending on the history of food and drug intolerance, presence of concomitant autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), influence of stress as a trigger for CU.
When analyzing the average levels of histamine and SP in the group of patients suffering from CU, compared with the control group, no significant correlations were found. We detected an almost 3-fold increase of histamine levels in the patients suffering from AIT (28.25 ng/mL versus 83.61 ng/mL). However, when assessing the level of histamine in patients with CU and with a history of food and drug intolerance, trigger stress and AIT, the average values of the indicator did not show significant differences. Meanwhile, when assessing the SP index in patients with a history of drug, food intolerance, AIT and stress as a trigger for CU, we have found a significant increase in SP in the patients when compared with control group (p 0.05).
Our results confirm the neuroimmune inflammation system to be involved in genesis of mast cell activation in CU patients. Further studies are required in order to discern a specific phenotype of stress-induced CU and determine the opportunities for its psychopharmacological correction.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA MOBILE LEARING MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB METODE DIRECT DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Wahyudi Muhamad Irwan , Khaerudin Khaerudin
Published: July 2023

The background in this research based on low utilization of media in Arabic subjects at MTsN 24 Cakung, E­­ast Jakarta. This study aims to produce mobile learning media of Arabic with direct methods in Madrasah Tsanawiyah. This type of research is the development research by Hannafin and Peck model using 3 stages: (1) the needs analysis phase, (2) the design phase and (3) the development and implementation phase. The results showed that: (1) The results of the expert review of the subject experts at "very good" criteria (4.00); (2) The results of the expert review of media experts expert judgment at "very good" criteria (3.67); (3) The results of the expert review of instructional design experts at "very good" criteria (3.64); (4) The results of the one to one test for students are in the "very good" criteria (3.43); (5) The results of the small group test for students at "very good" criteria (3.33); (6) The results of the effectiveness test show that the mobile learning media has high effectiveness in improving student’s learning achievement with  >  = 9.761 > 2.045.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya pemanfaatan media pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab di MTsN 24 Cakung Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media mobile learning  mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab metode direct di Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan model Hannafin and Peck dengan menggunakan 3 tahapan: (1) Fase analisis kebutuhan, (2) fase desain dan (3) fase pengembangan dan implementasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Hasil dari kaji ahli oleh ahli materi berada pada kriteria “sangat baik” (4,00); (2) Hasil dari kaji ahli oleh ahli media berada pada kriteria “sangat baik” (3,67); (3) Hasil dari kaji ahli oleh ahli desain instruksional berada pada kriteria “sangat baik” (3,64); (4) Hasil dari uji one to one kepada siswa berada pada kriteria “sangat baik” (3,43); (5) Hasil dari uji small group kepada siswa berada pada kriteria “sangat baik” (3,33); (6) Hasil dari uji keefektifan menunjukkan bahwa media mobile learning  menunjukkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan  t-hitung > t-tabel  = 9,761 > 2,045.
Validity of Student Worksheets Based on Model Argument Driven Inquiry Integrated by STEM to Train Students' Argumentation Ability and Self-Efficacy in Chemical Equilibrium Material
Authors: Insanul Hikmah Shela , Tukiran Tukiran , Nasrudin Harun
Published: July 2023

Objective: One of the teaching materials that can increase students' interest and learning motivation is student worksheet with an interesting learning model. This study aims to: (1) train students' argumentation abilities when they want to express their opinions regarding chemical equilibrium material and (2) train students' self-efficacy by bringing opinions related to equilibrium material. Method: The research method refers to the 4D model, namely definition, design, development, and deployment. However, it is only limited to the third stage. The data collection technique used the validation method by three validators, namely two chemistry lecturers and one high school chemistry teacher. The instruments used to assess the validity of the student worksheet are content validity sheets and construct validity sheets. The data obtained is then processed using the agreement percentage formula. Results: student worksheet 1, student worksheet 2, and student worksheet 3 are feasible in terms of content and construction validity with very valid categories. This is evidenced by the agreement percentage value on each student worksheet which is above 75%. Novelty: student worksheet modeled on STEM-integrated ADI will be developed to train students' argumentation skills and self-efficacy. This novelty can be assessed as being able to provide: (1) solutions related to students' interest in ideas on chemical equilibrium material, especially the sub-factors of shifting factors towards chemical equilibrium and (2) being able to increase students' confidence when conveying their ideas or other actions.
Scientific Literacy Improvement Using Socio-Scientific Issues Learning
Authors: Husniyyah Adinda Arlin , Erman Erman , Purnomo Tarzan , Budiyanto Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to describe the improvement of scientific literacy after learning based on Socio-scientific Issues using the Problem-Based Learning model. Method: This study was analyzed quantitatively descriptively using N-Gain to determine the student's scientific literacy improvement. Using a one-group pre-posttest design, 29 undergraduate students of the science education department from a university in Indonesia participated in this pre-experimental study. The data was collected using an observation sheet of learning implementation and scientific literacy tests given before and after the learning. Finding: The results of this study showed that students' scientific literacy was improved after participating in learning based on Socio-scientific Issues using the Problem-Based Learning model. The scientific literacy was improved from (category low) in the pretest to (category medium) in the posttest, and the average N-gain score was 0,64 (medium category). Improving scientific literacy is also supported by the Socio-scientific Issues of learning using the Problem-Based Learning model implemented very well. Novelty: This study’s novelty was to describe each indicator of scientific literacy of the undergraduate students that was improved by using Socio-Scientific Issues in Problem-Based Learning. Hopefully, this study will be helpful for further research and give a solution for science teachers to improve students' scientific literacy.
Validity of Inquiry-Based Textbooks on Scientific Literacy Skills
Authors: Jannah Dian Roudlotul , Indana Sifak , Rachmadiarti Fida
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study describes the validity of inquiry-based environmental change textbooks used to train students' scientific literacy skills. The validity of the developed inquiry-based textbooks is viewed from the aspects of content feasibility, presentation feasibility, linguistic feasibility, inquiry suitability, and scientific literacy. Method: This study used the development method with the 4D model (define, design, and develop), which was modified and implemented in the Science Education Postgraduate Program at Surabaya State University. The data collection technique was carried out using the textbook validation method. The assessment instrument used was a textbook validation sheet that two biology lecturers validated as validators. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptively. Results: The research results are in the form of validation of inquiry-based textbooks, with an average score of 94.88% in the very valid category. Novelty: The novelty of this research is that there are inquiry-based features in textbooks about environmental change that can improve students' scientific literacy skills. Based on the data analysis, the developed inquiry-based textbooks are valid and suitable for learning.