bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laminar to Turbulent Buoyant Vortex Ring Regime in Terms of Reynolds Number, Bond Number, and Weber Number
Authors: Yan Xueying , Carriveau Rupp , Ting David S. K.
Published: December 2017

When buoyant vortex rings form, azimuthal disturbances occur on their surface. When the magnitude of the disturbance is sufficiently high, the ring will become turbulent. This paper establishes conditions for categorization of a buoyant vortex ring as laminar, transitional, or turbulent. The transition regime of enclosed-air buoyant vortex rings rising in still water was examined experimentally via two high-speed cameras. Sequences of the recorded pictures were analyzed using matlab. Key observations were summarized as follows: for Reynolds number lower than 14,000, Bond number below 30, and Weber number below 50, the vortex ring could not be produced. A transition regime was observed for Reynolds numbers between 40,000 and 70,000, Bond numbers between 120 and 280, and Weber number between 400 and 800. Below this range, only laminar vortex rings were observed, and above, only turbulent vortex rings.
Numerical Study of the Winter-Kennedy Method—A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Baidar Binaya , Nicolle Jonathan , Trivedi Chirag , Cervantes Michel J.
Published: December 2017

The Winter-Kennedy (WK) method is commonly used in relative discharge measurement and to quantify efficiency step-up in hydropower refurbishment projects. The method utilizes the differential pressure between two taps located at a radial section of a spiral case, which is related to the discharge with the help of a coefficient and an exponent. Nearly a century old and widely used, the method has shown some discrepancies when the same coefficient is used after a plant upgrade. The reasons are often attributed to local flow changes. To study the change in flow behavior and its impact on the coefficient, a numerical model of a semi-spiral case (SC) has been developed and the numerical results are compared with experimental results. The simulations of the SC have been performed with different inlet boundary conditions. Comparison between an analytical formulation with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results shows that the flow inside an SC is highly three-dimensional (3D). The magnitude of the secondary flow is a function of the inlet boundary conditions. The secondary flow affects the vortex flow distribution and hence the coefficients. For the SC considered in this study, the most stable WK configurations are located toward the bottom from θ=30deg to 45deg after the curve of the SC begins, and on the top between two stay vanes.
High Strain Rate and High Temperature Behavior of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Under Compressive Loading
Authors: Bhalerao Nitin B. , Joshi Suhas S. , Naik N. K.
Published: December 2017

The titanium alloy (grade 5) is a two-phase material, which finds significant applications in aerospace, medical, marine fields, owing to its superior characteristics like high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good formability. Hence, the dynamic characteristics of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy are an important area to study. A compressive split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to evaluate the dynamic properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under various strain rates between 997 and 1898s−1, and at temperatures between −10 °C and 320 °C. It was evident that the material strength is sensitive to both strain rate and temperature; however, the latter is more predominant than the former. The microstructure of the deformed samples was examined using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The microscopic observations show that the dynamic impact characteristics of the alloy are higher at higher strain rates than at quasi-static strain rates. The SHPB tests show that the force on the transmitter bar is lower than the force on the incident bar. This indicates that the dynamic equilibrium cannot be achieved during high rate of damage evolution. Various constants in Johnson–Cook (JC) model were evaluated to validate the results. An uncertainty analysis for the experimental results has also been presented.
Hybrid Hollow Microlattices With Unique Combination of Stiffness and Damping
Authors: Salari-Sharif L. , Schaedler T. A. , Valdevit L.
Published: December 2017

Hybrid micro-architected materials with unique combinations of high stiffness, high damping, and low density are presented. We demonstrate a scalable manufacturing process to fabricate hollow microlattices with a sandwich wall architecture comprising an elastomeric core and metallic skins. In this configuration, the metallic skins provide stiffness and strength, whereas the elastomeric core provides constrained-layer damping. This damping mechanism is effective under any strain amplitude, and at any relative density, in stark contrast with the structural damping mechanism exhibited by ultralight metallic or ceramic architected materials, which requires large strain and densities lower than a fraction of a percent. We present an analytical model for stiffness and constrained-layer damping of hybrid hollow microlattices, and verify it with finite elements simulations and experimental measurements. Subsequently, this model is adopted in optimal design studies to identify hybrid microlattice geometries which provide ideal combinations of high stiffness and damping and low density. Finally, a previously derived analytical model for structural damping of ultralight metallic microlattices is extended to hybrid lattices and used to show that ultralight hybrid designs are more efficient than purely metallic ones.
Microstructure and Texture Development in Alpha-Brass Using Repetitive Thermomechanical Processing
Authors: Al-Fadhalah Khaled
Published: December 2017

Repetitive thermomechanical processing (TMP) has been applied to evaluate the effect of compression strain and temperature on microstructure and texture development in an alpha-brass alloy. Two TMP schemes were employed using four cycles of low-strain compression (ε = 0.15) and annealing, and two cycles of medium-strain compression (ε = 0.3) and annealing. Compression tests were conducted at 25, 250, and −100 °C, while annealing was made at 670 °C for 10 min. Examination by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) indicated that the low-strain scheme was capable to increase the fraction of Σ3n boundaries (n = 1, 2, and 3) with increasing cycles, producing maximum fraction of 68%. For medium-strain scheme, a drop in the fraction of Σ3n boundaries occurred in cycle 2. Reducing compression temperature lowered the fraction of Σ3n boundaries for low-strain scheme, while it enhanced the formation of Σ3n boundaries for medium-strain scheme. Annealing textures showed that 〈101〉 compression fiber was strongly retained for samples processed by small-strain scheme, while weakening of 〈101〉 fiber accompanied by the formation of 〈111〉 recrystallization fiber occurred for the medium-strain scheme. The results indicate that the increase in strain energy stored during compression, via increasing strain and/or decreasing deformation temperature, is responsible to favor recrystallization twinning over strain-induced grain boundary migration (SIBM). Both mechanisms are important for the formation of Σ3n boundaries. Yet, SIBM is thought to strongly promote regeneration of Σ3n boundaries at higher TMP cycles. This is consistent with the development of microstructure and texture using small-strain scheme.
Grasping Force Optimization Approaches for Anthropomorphic Hands
Authors: Cloutier Aimee , Yang James
Published: December 2017

An appropriate choice of contact forces for anthropomorphic robotic grasping devices is important for achieving a balanced grasp. Too little applied force may cause an object to slip or be dropped, and too much applied force may cause damage to delicate objects. Prior methods of grasping force optimization (GFO) in the literature can be difficult to compare due to variability in the parameters, such as the type of grasping device, the object grasped, and the contact model, among other factors. Additionally, methods are typically tested on a very small number of scenarios and may not be as robust in other settings. This paper presents a detailed analysis of three optimization approaches based on the literature, comparing them on the basis of accuracy and computational efficiency. Numerical examples are provided for three types of grasp commonly performed by the human hand (cylindrical grasp, tip grasp, and tripod grasp) using both soft finger (SF) contact and hard finger (HF) contact friction models. For each method and grasping example, an external force is applied to the object in eighteen different directions to provide a more complete picture of the methods' performance. Contact points between the hand and the object are predetermined (given). A comparison of the results showed that the nonlinear and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approaches perform best in terms of accuracy, while the computational efficiency of the linear method is stronger unless the number of contact points and segments becomes too large. In this case, the nonlinear method performs more quickly. Future work will extend the problem of GFO to real-time implementation, and a related work (briefly addressed here) examines the sensitivity of optimization methods to variability in the contact locations.
Single-Vertex Multicrease Rigid Origami With Nonzero Thickness and Its Transformation Into Deployable Mechanisms
Authors: Guang Chenhan , Yang Yang
Published: December 2017

The radial folding ratio of single-vertex multicrease rigid origami, from the folded configuration to the unfolded configuration, is satisfactory. In this study, we apply two approaches to add nonzero thickness for this kind of origami and identify different geometrical characteristics. Then, the model of the secondary folding origami, which can help to further decrease the folding ratio, is constructed. We apply the method of constraining the edges of the panels on prescribed planes to geometrically obtain the kinematic model. Based on the kinematic model and the screw theory, the nonzero thickness origami is transformed into the deployable mechanism with one degree-of-freedom (1DOF). Other similar mechanisms can be derived based on this basic configuration. The computer-aided design examples are presented to indicate the feasibility.
Erratum: “Forced Response Analysis of a Mistuned Compressor Blisk Comparing Three Different Reduced Order Model Approaches” [ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 7A: Structures and Dynamics, Seoul, South Korea, June 13–17, 2016, Conference Sponsors: International Gas Turbine Institute, ISBN: 978-0-7918-4983-5, Copyright © 2016 by ASME. Paper No. GT2016-57902, pp. V07AT32A030; 12 pages; doi:10.1115/GT2016-57902]
Authors: Gutierrez Salas Mauricio , Bladh Ronnie , Mårtensson Hans , Petrie-Repar Paul , Fransson Torsten , Vogt Damian M.
Published: December 2017

This erratum corrects errors that appeared in the paper “Forced Response Analysis of a Mistuned Compressor Blisk Comparing Three Different Reduced Order Model Approaches” which was published in Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 7A: Structures and Dynamics, V07AT32A030, June 2016, GT2016-57902, doi: 10.1115/GT2016-57902.
Risk-Informed In-Service Testing Programs
Authors: Scott Bradley J.
Published: December 2017

This paper will review three options for applying risk insights to the In-service Testing (IST) Program for pumps and valves. Current regulatory framework allows for risk-informing pump and valve testing through the implementation of 10CFR50.69 or by submittal to the NRC per 10CFR50.55a for risk-informed testing in accordance with the OM Code; either using Code Case OMN-3 and the risk-related Code Cases or Subsection ISTE. This paper will offer a third option which involves the combination of the first two options. Each of these IST risk-informed program options will be explored by presenting a general discussion of each option’s risk ranking process and anticipated risk ranking results. The risk ranking review will be followed by a discussion of the implementation processes and finally a look at plant impacts and potential benefits for each option.

IST program scope and testing requirements will be identified for each of these risk-informed program options. References for the implementation processes will be provided and used for the basis of this discussion. The intent of this paper is not to provide a “how to” for each of these options, but rather to provide information to the reader to allow further detailed review of each option. It is expected that through further investigation of these options and discussions with plant management each site may find the option/process that best suits their regulatory and plant safety culture.

Paper published with permission.
Complex Young's modulus measurement by incident wave extracting in a thin resonant bar
Authors: Wei Zhengyu , Hou Hong , Gao Nansha , Huang Yunke , Yang Jianhua
Published: December 2017

This study presents a method for measuring the complex Young's modulus of viscoelastic materials by extracting the incident wave within a thin bar. A Butterworth impulse is generated by an electromagnetic shaker and is employed to excite a bar-like sample. The experimental results prove that the method proposed in this study can determine the Young's modulus at frequencies ranging from 200 to 6500 Hz under atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The Young's moduli of two types of rubber material determined by the experimental method agree well with those obtained using a standard dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer. This method expands the experimental frequency range of the wave-speed method, simplifies the processing of traditional experimental measurements, and represents a potential application for a method for directly determining mechanical parameters.
Extending sharpness calculation for an alternative loudness metric input
Authors: Swift S. Hales , Gee Kent L.
Published: December 2017

Sound quality metrics help improve the psychoacoustic acceptability of devices and environments by modeling and thus enabling deliberate improvement of perceptual attributes. Sharpness as defined in DIN 45692 [(2009). Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin] requires inputs from Zwicker's loudness metric [ISO 532-1 (2017). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva]. This letter demonstrates that sharpness can be formulated to accept specific loudness values from Moore and Glasberg's loudness metric [ISO 532-2 (2017). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva; ANSI S3.4 (2007). American National Standards Institute, Inc., Washington, DC]. Sharpness calculations using the two loudness metrics produce similar results. This method thus enables evaluation of sharpness as a straightforward add-on to standard loudness calculations using Moore and Glasberg's metric, for which sharpness calculations were not previously available.
Raman spectroscopy imaging reveals interplay between atherosclerosis and medial calcification in the human aorta
Authors: You Amanda Y. F. , Bergholt Mads S. , St-Pierre Jean-Philippe , Kit-Anan Worrapong , Pence Isaac J. , Chester Adrian H. , Yacoub Magdi H. , Bertazzo Sergio , Stevens Molly M.
Published: December 2017

Raman spectroscopy of tissue biochemistry reveals the interplay between atherosclerosis and medial calcification in human aorta.
Transport properties of carbonated silicate melt at high pressure
Authors: Ghosh Dipta B. , Karki Bijaya B.
Published: December 2017

Carbon dioxide accelerates silicate melt dynamics, but the transport coefficients vary modestly across the whole mantle.
Coherently aligned nanoparticles within a biogenic single crystal: A biological prestressing strategy
Authors: Polishchuk Iryna , Bracha Avigail Aronhime , Bloch Leonid , Levy Davide , Kozachkevich Stas , Etinger-Geller Yael , Kauffmann Yaron , Burghammer Manfred , Giacobbe Carlotta , Villanova Julie , Hendler Gordon , Sun Chang-Yu , Giuffre Anthony J. , Marcus Matthew A. , Kundanati Lakshminath , Zaslansky Paul , Pugno Nicola M. , Gilbert Pupa U. P. A. , Katsman Alex , Pokroy Boaz
Published: December 2017

Many roads to being tough

A number of routes exist to increase toughness in both natural and human-made materials—for example, using secondary phases and precipitates or exploiting tailored architectures and shaped crystals. Polishchuk
et al.
detail the nanoscale internal structure of calcitic microlenses formed by a brittlestar (see the Perspective by Duffy). The segregation of magnesium-rich particles forms a secondary phase that places compressive stresses on the host matrix. This toughening mechanism resembles Guinier-Preston zones known in classical metallurgy.

Science
, this issue p.
1294
see also p.
1254
Designing river flows to improve food security futures in the Lower Mekong Basin
Authors: Sabo J. L. , Ruhi A. , Holtgrieve G. W. , Elliott V. , Arias M. E. , Ngor Peng Bun , Räsänen T. A. , Nam So
Published: December 2017

Optimizing flow in dammed rivers

Hydropower dams radically alter river flow regimes, often with consequences for the functioning and productivity of the waters downstream. Where fisheries in large tropical river systems are affected, there can be knock-on effects on food security. For the Mekong River, Sabo
et al.
used a data-based time series modeling approach to estimate the features of the flow regime that optimize the fishery that is crucial to food security in Cambodia (see the Perspective by Poff and Olden). Fish futures can be maximized within a managed hydrologic system with careful prescription of flows. Such data-driven approaches can be used to link hydrology to ecology and food production and specify design principles that could help to deliver food security in other river systems.

Science
, this issue p.
eaao1053
; see also p.
1252
Plant RuBisCo assembly in
E. coli
with five chloroplast chaperones including BSD2
Authors: Aigner H. , Wilson R. H. , Bracher A. , Calisse L. , Bhat J. Y. , Hartl F. U. , Hayer-Hartl M.
Published: December 2017

A biotech tour de force

RuBisCo, the key enzyme of photosynthesis, is a complex of eight large and eight small subunits. It mediates the fixation of atmospheric CO
2
in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. In addition to being enzymatically inefficient, RuBisCo has a problem with distinguishing between CO
2
and O
2
. The fixation of O
2
results in the energetically wasteful reaction of photorespiration. Thus, there is a strong incentive to improve RuBisCo's catalytic properties by engineering. However, for decades, it has been impossible to express the enzyme from plants in an easily manipulatable bacterial host. Aigner
et al.
succeeded in functionally expressing plant RuBisCo in
Escherichia coli
(see the Perspective by Yeates and Wheatley). This should allow for the systematic mutational analysis of RuBisCo and selection of favorable variants for improved crop yields.

Science
, this issue p.
1272
; see also p.
1253
Coherent nanoparticles in calcite
Authors: Duffy Dorothy M.
Published: December 2017

A toughening strategy known to metallurgists is also used by the brittlestar
Putting the RuBisCO pieces together
Authors: Yeates Todd O. , Wheatley Nicole M.
Published: December 2017

Scientists find a way to build the major plant enzyme RuBisCO in bacteria
Insights from Australians with respiratory disease living in the community with experience of self-managing through an emergency department ‘near miss’ for breathlessness: a strengths-based qualitative study
Authors: Luckett Tim , Phillips Jane , Johnson Miriam , Garcia Maja , Bhattarai Priyanka , Carrieri-Kohlman Virginia , Hutchinson Anne , Disler Rebecca T , Currow David , Agar Meera , Ivynian Serra , Chye Richard , Newton Phillip J , Davidson Patricia M
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Breathlessness ‘crises’ in people with chronic respiratory conditions are a common precipitant for emergency department (ED) presentations, many of which might be avoided through improved self-management and support. This study sought insights from people with experience of ED ‘near misses’ where they considered going to the ED but successfully self-managed instead.

Design and methods

A qualitative approach was used with a phenomenological orientation. Participants were eligible if they reported breathlessness on most days from a diagnosed respiratory condition and experience of ≥1 ED near miss. Recruitment was through respiratory support groups and pulmonary rehabilitation clinics. Semistructured interviews were conducted with each participant via telephone or face-to-face. Questions focused on ED-related decision-making, information finding, breathlessness management and support. This analysis used an integrative approach and independent coding by two researchers. Lazarus and Cohen’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping informed interpretive themes.

Results

Interviews were conducted with 20 participants, 15 of whom had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nineteen interviews were conducted via telephone. Analysis identified important factors in avoiding ED presentation to include perceived control over breathlessness, self-efficacy in coping with a crisis and desire not to be hospitalised. Effective coping strategies included: taking a project management approach that involved goal setting, monitoring and risk management; managing the affective dimension of breathlessness separately from the sensory perceptual and building three-way partnerships with primary care and respiratory services.

Conclusions

In addition to teaching non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of breathlessness, interventions should aim to develop patients’ generic self-management skills. Interventions to improve self-efficacy should ensure this is substantiated by transfer of skills and support, including knowledge about when ED presentation is necessary. Complementary initiatives are needed to improve coordinated, person-centred care. Future research should seek ways to break the cyclical relationship between affective and sensory-perceptual dimensions of breathlessness.
Correlation of impulsivity with self-harm and suicidal attempt: a community study of adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Yu-Hsin , Liu Hui-Ching , Tsai Fang-Ju , Sun Fang-Ju , Huang Kuo-Yang , Chiu Yu-Ching , Huang Yen-Hsun , Huang Yo-Ping , Liu Shen-Ing
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate differences and similarities in risk factors for deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal attempt (SA), and the role of impulsivity among a group of community adolescents.

Setting

This is a cross-sectional study conducted at high schools in Northern Taiwan.

Data and participants

We recruited grade 1 students from 14 high schools. A total of 5879 participants (mean age 16.02 years, female adolescents: 57.7%) completed the online assessment.

Outcome measures

Participants completed online questionnaires about sociodemographic data, suicidality, history of DSH and SA, depressed mood, self-esteem, social support, family discord, impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11)) and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. A subsample was interviewed about lifetime SA, and the results were compared with those from the online questionnaires.

Results

In our sample, 25% of the students had lifetime DSH and 3.5% had lifetime SA. Two hundred and seventy-two students received face-to-face interviews. The concordance between the online questionnaires and interviews in terms of ascertaining cases of SA was moderate (concordance rate 82.76%; kappa value 0.59). Similar risk factors for DSH/SA among the whole sample included female gender, lower academic performance, depression, substance use (tobacco and alcohol) and low self-esteem. The BIS-11 score was correlated with DSH. Factor 3 score of the BIS-11 (novelty seeking) was correlated with DSH in both boys and girls, whereas factor 2 score (lack of self-control) was correlated with SA in boys. Social support was a protective factor against SA among the female adolescents. Gender modulated the association of impulsivity and DSH/SA. Associations between impulsivity and DSH and SA were particularly strong among boys.

Conclusions

Risk factors for DSH and SA were similar, but not identical. Early identification of those at risk and appropriate interventions may be helpful.
Sheffield Clinical Research Fellowship programme: a transferable model for UK gastroenterology
Authors: Kurien Matthew , Hopper Andrew , Lobo Alan J , McAlindon Mark E , Sidhu Reena , Gleeson Dermot C , Hebden John M , Basu Kumar , Panter Simon , Lockett Melanie , Sanders David S
Published: December 2017

Out of programme (OOP) opportunities are to be encouraged. This article gives an insightful view of the Sheffield Clinical Research Fellowship Programme. Unique trainee feedback is provided. The take home message is clear - trainees should grab OOP experiences with both hands! For consultants the logistics described are potentially transferrable to their own regions.
Effect ofSaccharomyces boulardiiin dogs with chronic enteropathies: double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: D'Angelo Simona , Fracassi Federico , Bresciani Francesca , Galuppi Roberta , Diana Alessia , Linta Nikolina , Bettini Giuliano , Morini Maria , Pietra Marco
Published: December 2017

Saccharomyces boulardiiis used to treat acute and chronic enteropathies in humans, but to date, no studies have evaluated the use of this yeast in dogs. The current study, a prospective non‐randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study, evaluated the effects ofS boulardiiin healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathies (CE). Four healthy dogs and 20 dogs with CE were included. In healthy dogs,S boulardiiwas administered for 10 days. Possible short‐term adverse effects were recorded, and quantitative stool cultures for yeasts were performed. In dogs with CE,S boulardiior a placebo was administered in addition to standard treatment protocols. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index, abdominal ultrasonography, gastroenteroscopy and histology were performed at the time of diagnosis and after 60 days of treatment. In healthy dogs,S boulardiireached a steady state in five days and was completely eliminated on day 4 after administration. No short‐term side effects were seen. Clinical activity index, stool frequency, stool consistency and body condition score improved significantly in dogs with CE receivingS boulardiiversus the placebo. In conclusion,S boulardiican be safely used in dogs with CE and seems to achieve better control of clinical signs than standard therapy alone.
An Effective LFM Signal Reconstruction Method for Signal Denoising
Authors: Luo Shan , Bi Guoan , Wu Tong , Xiao Yong , Lin Rongping
Published: December 2017

One of the main challenges in signal denoising is to accurately restore useful signals in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. In this paper, we investigate the signal denoising problem for multi-component linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals. An effective time-frequency (TF) analysis-based approach is proposed. Compared to the existing approaches, our proposed one can further increase the noise suppressing performance and improve the quality of the reconstructed signal. Experimental results are presented to show that the proposed denoising approach is able to effectively separate the multi-component LFM signal from the strong noise environments.
Fuzzy Concept Lattices and Fuzzy Relation Equations in the Retrieval Processing of Images and Signals
Authors: Alcalde Cristina , Burusco Ana , Díaz-Moreno Juan Carlos , Medina Jesús
Published: December 2017

This paper considers the introduced relations between fuzzy property-oriented concept lattices and fuzzy relation equations, on the one hand, and mathematical morphology, on the other hand, in the retrieval processing of images and signals. In the first part, it studies how the original images and signals can be retrieved using fuzzy property-oriented concept lattices and fuzzy relation equations. In the second one we analyze two of the most important tools in fuzzy mathematical morphology from the point of view of the fuzzy property-oriented concepts and the aforementioned study. Both parts are illustrated with practical examples.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Lateral-Torsional Buckling Behavior of High Performance Steel Beams
Authors: Xu Y. L. , Shi Y. J. , Wu Y. R. , Ban H. Y.
Published: December 2017

A new type of high performance steel (HPS), designated WGJ steel, with high strength as well as improved fire and corrosion resistance, was recently developed by Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company. This paper investigated the lateral-torsional buckling behavior of beams fabricated of WGJ steel through experimental and numerical analysis. Welded I-section beams were tested under concentrated loads, which indicated that lateral-torsional buckling was the dominant failure mode. A finite element model was established and validated by the experimental results. Parametric analyses were conducted to further understand the effect of steel strength on the lateral-torsional buckling capacity of steel beams. The numerical results were compared with design values obtained from the clauses in Eurocode 3 and GB50017. It is found that the design equations in GB50017 give less safe margins for the overall stability design of welded I-section beams fabricated of WGJ high performance steel, whereas Eurocode 3 appears to be more conservative in all conditions.
Mahler measure on Galois extensions
Authors: Amoroso Francesco
Published: December 2017

We study the Mahler measure of generators of a Galois extension with Galois group the full symmetric group. We prove that two classical constructions of generators give always algebraic numbers of big height. These results answer a question of Smyth and provide some evidence to a conjecture which asserts that the height of such a generator grows to infinity with the degree of the extension.
Geophysical observations and structural models of two shallow caves in gypsum/anhydrite-bearing rocks in Germany
Authors: Kaufmann Georg , Romanov Douchko
Published: December 2017

The development of subsurface voids and cavities in soluble rocks is controlled by the hydrological and chemical processes in the host rock. Water (enriched with carbon dioxide) percolates through fractures and bedding partings of the host rock and removes material from the rock surface. As this enlargement is a highly heterogeneous process, only some fractures and bedding partings become significantly enlarged, evolving towards larger voids and caves. The size of the enlarged voids, often reaching the metre scale, can result in mechanically unstable structures, which, when close to the surface, are prone to collapse and thus are a hazard to infrastructure. We explored two caves in the anhydrite host rock of the Permian Zechstein sequences in northern Germany using geophysical measurements: the Kalkberghöhle close to Bad Segeberg (Hamburg region) and the Jettenhöhle close to Osterode (Harz region). Based on the results of gravity and electrical measurements, we were able to identify the cave voids and to characterize the local geological setting. Using these indirect geophysical observations, we deduced a structural model for both cave sites by numerical modelling. Our structural models were successfully calibrated against the Bouguer gravity data.
On the Existence of Solutions for Impulsive Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Guan Yongliang , Zhao Zengqin , Lin Xiuli
Published: December 2017

We are concerned with a type of impulsive fractional differential equations attached with integral boundary conditions and get the existence of at least one positive solution via global bifurcation techniques.
Analysis of Factors Associated with the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis according to Etiology
Authors: Kim Dae Bum , Chung Woo Chul , Lee Ji Min , Lee Kang-Moon , Oh Jung Hwan , Jeon Eun Jung
Published: December 2017

Background. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) according to two major etiologies: alcohol and gallstones.Methods. We reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients who were admitted with AP between January 2003 and January 2013. A total of 905 patients with AP (660 alcohol-induced, 245 gallstone-induced) were enrolled. Among them, severe AP (SAP) occurred in 72 patients (53 alcohol-induced, 19 gallstone-induced). Contributing factors between patients with and without SAP were analyzed according to the etiology.Results. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that current smoking, pancreatic necrosis, and bacteremia were associated with AP severity in both alcohol- and gallstone-induced AP. Pancreatic fluid collection was significantly associated with alcohol-induced SAP (p=0.04), whereas dyslipidemia was significantly associated with gallstone-induced SAP (p=0.01). Body mass index was significantly correlated with the Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis score in both alcohol- and gallstone-induced AP (p=0.03and 0.01, resp.).Conclusions. Current smoking, pancreatic necrosis, and bacteremia can aggravate the clinical course of AP. Pancreatic fluid collection and dyslipidemia were associated with AP severity according to the different etiologies. Obesity may also be associated with AP severity in both etiologies.
Calculation of Misjudgment Probability for Product Inspection Based on Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: Chen Xiao-huai , Cheng Yin-bao , Wang Han-bin , Li Hong-li , Cheng Zhen-ying , Liu Hou-de
Published: December 2017

It is important to research into the misjudgment probability of product inspection based on measurement uncertainty, which is of great significance to improve the reliability of inspection results. This paper mainly focused on total inspection and sampling inspection methods and regarded the misjudgment probability as the index to provide quantitative misjudgment risk results for both producer and consumer sides. Through the absolute probability and the conditional probability model, the estimation formula of the total inspection misjudgment rate is deduced, respectively, and the calculation methods of qualification determination and misjudgment rate of the full inspection results are studied. According to the total inspection misjudgment rate, the methods of misjudgment rate of sampling inspection and qualification determination of measurement results are researched. The misjudgment rate of measurement results is calculated based on the exhaustive method and the Monte‐Carlo simulation. The estimation results show that the misjudgment probabilities calculated by absolute probability models can be used as the basis for the selection of the measurement plan for product inspection. The misjudgment probability calculated by conditional probability models is more directly to reflect the risks for both producer and consumer sides, and it prompts inspectors to make decisions more carefully.
Finite Time Synchronization of Extended Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Using Local Coupling
Authors: Acosta A. , García P. , Leiva H. , Merlitti A.
Published: December 2017

We consider two reaction-diffusion equations connected by one-directional coupling function and study the synchronization problem in the case where the coupling function affects the driven system in some specific regions. We derive conditions that ensure that the evolution of the driven system closely tracks the evolution of the driver system at least for a finite time. The framework built to achieve our results is based on the study of an abstract ordinary differential equation in a suitable Hilbert space. As a specific application we consider the Gray-Scott equations and perform numerical simulations that are consistent with our main theoretical results.
Challenges in Assessing Outcomes among Infants of Pregnant HIV-Positive Women Receiving ART in Uganda
Authors: Castelnuovo Barbara , Mubiru Frank , Kalule Ivan , Nakalema Shadia , Kiragga Agnes
Published: December 2017

Since 2012, the WHO recommends lifelong ART with TDF+FTC/3TC+EFV for all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B-plus). In this analysis we describe the proportion of early and late transmission in mothers with high retention in Kampala, Uganda. We included 700 pregnant women from January 2012 to August 2014 with a follow-up extended to August 2016; the median age was 31 years (IQR: 26–35), 36.3% in WHO stage 3/4; median CD4 count was 447 cells/μL (IQR: 301–651) and 73.3% were already on ART for a median time of 28 (IQR: 10–57) months; 52% infants were male and median weight was 3.2 Kg (IQR: 2.5–3.5). Five hundred and sixty-five (80.7%) infants had at least one test for HIV; 22 (3.1%) infants died, all with unknown serostatus; 3 tested positive at week 6 and one additional at months 12 and 18. Two of the mothers of the 4 HIV-positive infants were ART-naïve at the time of pregnancy. We report very low documented HIV transmission comparable with those reported in clinical trials settings; however, demonstrating the efficacy of Option B-plus in terms of averted transmission in routine settings is challenging since high proportion of infants do not have documented HIV tests.
Tracking Control for Mobile Robots Considering the Dynamics of All Their Subsystems: Experimental Implementation
Authors: García-Sánchez José Rafael , Silva-Ortigoza Ramón , Tavera-Mosqueda Salvador , Márquez-Sánchez Celso , Hernández-Guzmán Victor Manuel , Antonio-Cruz Mayra , Silva-Ortigoza Gilberto , Taud Hind
Published: December 2017

The trajectory tracking task in a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) is solved by proposing a three-level hierarchical controller that considers the mathematical model of the mechanical structure (differential drive WMR), actuators (DC motors), and power stage (DC/DC Buck power converters). The highest hierarchical level is a kinematic control for the mechanical structure; the medium level includes two controllers based on differential flatness for the actuators; and the lowest hierarchical level consists of two average controllers also based on differential flatness for the power stage. In order to experimentally validate the feasibility of the proposed control scheme, the hierarchical controller is implemented via a Σ–Δ-modulator in a differential drive WMR prototype that we have built. Such an implementation is achieved by using MATLAB-Simulink and the real-time interface ControlDesk together with a DS1104 board. The experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.
Occipitocervical Hemolymphangioma in an Adult with Neck Pain and Stiffness: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Yongchao , Zhang Xing , Pang Xiaodong , Yang Liang , Peng Baogan
Published: December 2017

Introduction. Hemolymphangioma is an extremely rare malformation of the lymphatic and blood vessels. A limited number of hemolymphangioma cases occurring in the pancreas, extremities, spleen, and other organs have been reported until September 2017. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of hemolymphangioma in the occipitocervical region have been reported in the literature. Case Presentation. We reported the case of a 23-year-old male patient with an occipitocervical lesion presenting atypically as neck pain and stiffness over a period of five months. Although hemolymphangioma has historically demonstrated a female predilection (2.25 : 1 female to male) and presentation in the third to fourth decades of life, this case is an atypical manifestation occurring in a young male patient. The clinical characteristics and management choices of this uncommon case of hemolymphangioma in the occipitocervical region are discussed, and a review based on the available literature is also presented. Conclusion. Hemolymphangioma of the occipitocervical region is an uncommon presentation of a rare lesion. Although rare, hemolymphangioma should be considered a differential diagnosis for masses occurring in the occipitocervical region. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice and affords a good prognosis.
Functional Properties of Lupinus angustifolius Seed Protein Isolates
Authors: Lara-Rivera Antonio Hilario , García-Alamilla Pedro , Lagunes-Gálvez Laura Mercedes , Rodríguez Macias Ramón , García López Pedro M. , Zamora Natera Juan Francisco
Published: December 2017

Protein isolates prepared by alkaline solubilization followed by isoelectric precipitation and freeze-drying from six varieties of Lupinus angustifolius (Haags Blaue, Sonate, Probor, Borlu, Boregine, and Boruta) grown in Mexico were evaluated for functional properties: nitrogen solubility, water-holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), emulsion activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), foaming capacity (FC), foam stability (FS), and gelling minimum concentration (GMC). The nitrogen solubility values, WHC, OHC, and FC did not show significant differences between the protein isolates. The solubility of the isolates was minimal at pH of 4.0 and 5.0 while the regions of maximum solubility were found at pH of 2.0 and 10.0. There were significant differences in EAI and ESI depending on the varieties used. The isolates of the Boregine and Borlu varieties showed the highest EAI with 29.3 and 28.3 m2 g−1, respectively, while the lowest index was recorded in the isolate obtained from the Sonate variety (24.6 m2 g−1). Like solubility, these indices also increased at both extremes of pH evaluated; both properties were minimal in the isoelectric pH range (4.0 to 5.0).
Larvicidal Activity against Aedes aegypti and Chemical Characterization of the Inflorescences of Tagetes patula
Authors: Krzyzaniak Letícia Maria , Antonelli-Ushirobira Tânia Mara , Panizzon Gean , Sereia Ana Luiza , Souza José Roberto Pinto de , Zequi João Antonio Cyrino , Novello Cláudio Roberto , Lopes Gisely Cristiny , Medeiros Daniela Cristina de , Silva Denise Brentan , Leite-Mello Eneri Vieira de Souza , Mello João Carlos Palazzo de
Published: December 2017

The crude acetone extract (CAE) of defatted inflorescences of Tagetes patula was partitioned into five semipurified fractions: n‐hexane (HF), dichloromethane (DF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n‐butanol (BF), and aqueous (AQF). BF was fractionated by reversed‐phase polyamide column chromatography, obtaining 34 subfractions, which were subjected to HSCCC, where patuletin and patulitrin were isolated. CAE and the fractions BF, EAF, DF, and AQF were analyzed by LC‐DAD‐MS, and patuletin and patulitrin were determined as the major substances in EAF and BF, respectively. BF was also analyzed by HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE), and patulitrin was again determined to be the main substance in this fraction. CAE and the semipurified fractions (750, 500, 300, 100, and 50 mg/L) were assayed for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, with mortality rate expressed as percentage. All fractions except AQF showed insecticidal activity after 24 h exposure of larvae to the highest concentration. However, EAF showed the highest activity with more than 50% reduction in larval population at 50 mg/L. The insecticidal activity observed with EAF might have been due to the higher concentration of patuletin present in this fraction.
Radiotherapy-Activated Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Tumor Progression through Paracrine IGF1R Activation
Authors: Tommelein Joke , De Vlieghere Elly , Verset Laurine , Melsens Elodie , Leenders Justine , Descamps Benedicte , Debucquoy Annelies , Vanhove Christian , Pauwels Patrick , Gespach Christian P. , Vral Anne , De Boeck Astrid , Haustermans Karin , de Tullio Pascal , Ceelen Wim , Demetter Pieter , Boterberg Tom , Bracke Marc , De Wever Olivier
Published: December 2017

Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the management of rectal cancer, a tumor characterized by desmoplastic stroma containing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Although CAFs are abundantly present, the effects of RT to CAF and its impact on cancer cells are unknown. We evaluated the damage responses of CAF to RT and investigated changes in colorectal cancer cell growth, transcriptome, metabolome, and kinome in response to paracrine signals emerging from irradiated CAF. RT to CAF induced DNA damage, p53 activation, cell-cycle arrest, and secretion of paracrine mediators, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1). Subsequently, RT-activated CAFs promoted survival of colorectal cancer cells, as well as a metabolic switch favoring glutamine consumption through IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) activation. RT followed by IGF1R neutralization in orthotopic colorectal cancer models reduced the number of mice with organ metastases. Activation of the downstream IGF1R mediator mTOR was significantly higher in matched (intrapatient) samples and in unmatched (interpatient) samples from rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Taken together, our data support the notion that paracrine IGF1/IGF1R signaling initiated by RT-activated CAF worsens colorectal cancer progression, establishing a preclinical rationale to target this activation loop to further improve clinical responses and patient survival.

Significance: These findings reveal that paracrine IGF1/IGF1R signaling promotes colorectal cancer progression, establishing a preclinical rationale to target this activation loop. Cancer Res; 78(3); 659–70. ©2017 AACR.
Improved Tumor Penetration and Single-Cell Targeting of Antibody–Drug Conjugates Increases Anticancer Efficacy and Host Survival
Authors: Cilliers Cornelius , Menezes Bruna , Nessler Ian , Linderman Jennifer , Thurber Greg M.
Published: December 2017

Current antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have made advances in engineering the antibody, linker, conjugation site, small-molecule payload, and drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). However, the relationship between heterogeneous intratumoral distribution and efficacy of ADCs is poorly understood. Here, we compared trastuzumab and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) to study the impact of ADC tumor distribution on efficacy. In a mouse xenograft model insensitive to trastuzumab, coadministration of trastuzumab with a fixed dose of T-DM1 at 3:1 and 8:1 ratios dramatically improved ADC tumor penetration and resulted in twice the improvement in median survival compared with T-DM1 alone. In this setting, the effective DAR was lowered, decreasing the amount of payload delivered to each targeted cell but increasing the number of cells that received payload. This result is counterintuitive because trastuzumab acts as an antagonist in vitro and has no single-agent efficacy in vivo, yet improves the effectiveness of T-DM1 in vivo. Novel dual-channel fluorescence ratios quantified single-cell ADC uptake and metabolism and confirmed that the in vivo cellular dose of T-DM1 alone exceeded the minimum required for efficacy in this model. In addition, this technique characterized cellular pharmacokinetics with heterogeneous delivery after 1 day, degradation and payload release by 2 days, and in vitro cell killing and in vivo tumor shrinkage 2 to 3 days later. This work demonstrates that the intratumoral distribution of ADC, independent of payload dose or plasma clearance, plays a major role in ADC efficacy.

Significance: This study shows how lowering the drug-to-antibody ratio during treatment can improve the intratumoral distribution of a antibody-drug conjugate, with implications for improving the efficacy of this class of cancer drugs. Cancer Res; 78(3); 758–68. ©2017 AACR.