bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA DALAM ANALISIS MATERI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DRILLING YANG BERORIENTASI PADA PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL PADA MATA KULIAH PERENCANAAN PEMBALAJARAN
Authors: Susiloningsih Wahyu
Published: October 2019

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan pemahaman mahasiswa dalam analisis materi dengan menggunakan metode drilling yang berorientasi pada pendekatan kontekstual pada mata kuliah perencanaan pembelajaran. Metode pembelajaran dapat diartikan sebagai cara yang digunakan untuk  mengimplementasikan  rencana  yang  sudah  disusun  dalam  bentuk  kegiatan  nyata  dan praktis  untuk  mencapai  tujuan  pembelajaran. Metode Drill merupakan suatu cara mengajar dengan memberikan latihan-latihan terhadap apa yang telah dipelajari mahasiswa sehingga memperoleh suatu keterampilan tertentu.Pemahaman merupakan satu proses yang dapat terlihat dari hasil belajar dimana suatu proses perubahan tingkah laku dalam pengetahuan, sikap, dan ketrampilan yang diperoleh dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Analisis materi, sebelum mentransformasikan materi pembelajaran kepada peserta didik, terlebih dahulu perlu dilakukan analisis materi pembelajaran semata-mata agar pembelajaran lebih bermakna.

Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PGSD UNIPA angkatan 2016 kelas C. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah observasi lembar keterlaksanaan RPP dan tes. Data yang terkumpul akan dianalisis secara statistik dan kemudian di deskriptifkan. Hasil analisis di interpretasikan sehingga menghasilkan kesimpulan sesuai dengan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini.

Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari tes hasil perkuliahan mahasiswa sebelum menggunakan metode drilling menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 70 dengan kategori baik. Selanjutnya tes hasil perkuliahan mahasiswa setelah menggunakan metode drilling yang berorientasi pada pendekatan kontesktual menunjukkan nilai rata-rata 90.

Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pemahaman mahasiswa yang diukur melalui tes hasil belajar sebelun dan sesudah menggunkan metode drilling yang berorientasi pada pendekatan kontekstual
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MANAJERIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH MELALUI MORNING BRIEFING DI SD NEGERI 3 WIROTAMAN KEC. AMPELGADING KAB. MALANG
Authors: Santoso Uki
Published: October 2019

Wirotaman Public Elementary School 3 Ampelgading District Malang Regency as a school where the writer is in charge for example, has 6 educators / teachers. In fact, these educators often show their lack of solidarity in dealing with various problems that arise within the school and outside the school. Based on the observation of the author, it was found that some of the problems faced by school residents were caused by misunderstandings due to lack of communication (miss communication). This can be one of the causes of less labor productivity / performance of educators and ultimately can affect student learning achievement as well. Considering these conditions, on this occasion the researcher intends to conduct a School Action Research (PTS) as an effort to improve the principal's managerial abilities through morning briefing activities. After the morning briefing activities, there appeared to be an increase in the number of activity participants who agreed to the implementation of morning briefing activities, in addition if at the beginning of the morning breading the majority of the participants seemed still confused and awkward, then in the morning briefing activities in the sessions Furthermore, the participants of the activity seemed to be more free in expressing their ideas and thoughts in order to discuss various problems related to the condition of the school.
Pengaruh Media Ropitri Berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Sifat Bangun Datar Kelas III SDN Krembung 1 Sidoarjo
Authors: Mufidah Zulfin Rachma , Jupri Al-
Published: October 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh media ropitri berbasis realistic mathematic education terhadap pembelajaran matematika materi sifat bangun datar. Pembelajaran matematika sangat berguna untuk siswa karena konsep matematika sangat dibutuhkan dalam memecahkan masalah yang berhubungan dengan matematika dalam kehidupan. Pembelajaran akan lebih bermakna jika dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan realistik agar sesuai dengan kondisi nyata kehidupan siswa. Maka dari itu peneliti mengujicobakan media ropitri yang berbasis realistic mathematic education untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pembelajaran matematika materi sifat bangun datar. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SDN Krembung 1 Sidoarjo. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan desain penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu lembar pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil uji t-test dari hasil belajar siswa sebagai output dari sebuah pembelajaran, diperoleh nilai thitung sebesar -3,579, sedangkan ttabel db=51 pada taraf signifikansi 5%, diperoleh ttabel sebesar 2,007. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa thitung berada di bawah nilai ttabel dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Sehingga â€“t hitung (-3,579)< -t tabel (-2,007) dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu media Ropitri berpengaruh terhadap pembelajaran matematika materi sifat bangun datar pada siswa kelas III.
Permasalahan Yang Dihadapi Guru Dalam Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Prastika Dwi , Hawanti Santhy , Mareza Lia
Published: October 2019

Fokus utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu problematika pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran oleh guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui problematika guru dalam pengelolaan media pembelajaran dan mengetahui problematika guru dalam memanfaatkan media pembelajaran sebagai sumber belajar di SD Negeri 2 Kalisalak. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dan teknik pengumpulan datanya meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, prolematika guru dalam pengelolaan media pembelajaan untuk pengadaan yang disediakan sekolah tidak lengkap, sehingga masing-masing guru memilih dengan cara merancang media dan memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar untuk dijadikan sebagai media, pencatatan inventarisasi masih disatukan dengan keperluan sekolah, tidak adanya ruangan khusus untuk penyimpanan media pembelajaran, dan tempat penyimpanannya masih terlihat kurangnya terawat, karena tidak adanya tenaga khusus untuk menangani penyimpanan media. Hasil selanjutnya problematika guru dalam pemanfaatan media pembelajaran, dalam proses belajar guru kelas rendah lebih sering memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran, adanya media LCD tetapi hanya beberapa guru yang dapat menggunakan LCD.
Hubungan Minat Baca di Perpustkaan Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran IPS di SDN Pejagan 9 Bangkalan
Authors: Mandasari Dewi Septiani
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui minat baca siswa di perpustkaan. Perpustkaan sekolah merupakan sarana belajar yang efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa, sehingga perpustakaan sekolah dirasakan penting adanya, diharapkan buku buku yang ada di perpustakaan jangan hanya sebagai pajangan saja. Oleh sebab itu perpustkaan sekolah perlu dikelola dan dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin sebab semakin banyak membaca di perpustkaan maka akan semakin menambah wawasan berfikir dan menambah ilmu pengetahuan serta akhirnya akan nampak adanya peningkatan dalam prestasi dalam prestasi belajar. Hipotesis penilitian ini” Ada Hubungan minat baca perpustkaan dengan prestasi Belajar siswa kelas V di SDN Pejagan 9 Bangkalan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi, observasi dan angket dalam menunjang penilitain kedua variabel. Maka untuk mengetahui hipotesis yang diajukan diterima dan ditolak. Kesimpulan dari penilitian ini adalah Ada hubungan minat baca di perpustakaan dengan prestasi belajar siswa kelas V di SDN pejagan 9 Bangkalan hal ini dapat diketahui dari nilai t hitung sebesar 5,50 sedangkan menurut kriteria t tabel taraf signifikan 5% =2,05 dan 152,76 degan demikian nilai t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel pada taraf signifikan 5% dan 1% sehingga hipotesis kerja (Ha) tersebut diterima dan (Ho) ditolak
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Melaksanakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Melalui Teknik Workshop di SDN 7 Telaga Biru dan SDN 9 Telaga Biru Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Tululi Imran
Published: October 2019

Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakanpenelitian tindakan kelas di sekolah dasar negeri 7 Telaga Biru dan SDN 9 Telaga Biru KabupatenGorontalo dapat ditingkatkan melalui teknik workshop? ”Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkankemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan penelitian tindakan kelas melalui teknik workshop di sekolahdasar negeri 7 Telaga Biru dan sekolah dasar negeri 9 Telaga Biru Kabupaten Gorontalo. Metodeyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa,1) kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan penelitian tindakan kelas di sekolah dasar negeri 7 TelagaBiru dan di sekolah dasar negeri 9 Telaga Biru mengalami peningkatan setelah dikenai tindakanmelalui II siklus, 2) peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam dalam melaksanakan penelitian tindakankelas ditandai dengan penguasaan guru secara optimal terhadap 10 indikator penelitian tindakan kelasyaitu a) kemampuan mengidentifikasi masalah, b) kemampuan merumuskan masalah, c) kemampuanmerumuskan hipotesis, d) kemampuan membuat instrumen penelitian, e) kemampuan membuatrencana tindakan dan pemantauan, f) kemampuan melaksanakan tindakan dan mengamatinya, g)kemampuan berkolaborasi dengan guru mitra dalam penelitian, h) kemampuan mengolah danmenafsirkan data, i) kemampuan membuat simpulan hasil penelitian, dan j) kemampuan menyusunlaporan hasil penelitian.
THE CONTENT AND ROLE OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN CREATIVE WORK: THE IMPORTANCE OF SEEKING “ENJOYMENT”
Authors: An Chairin
Published: October 2019

The present paper assesses the “content” and “role” of intrinsic motivation during the creative production process. Based on semi-structured interviews with 16 light-entertainment television producers-directors in South Korea, it was observed that intrinsic motivation towards creative work included a desire to maintain enjoyment from such activities. Enjoyment was classified into two types: enjoyment based on job expectations and enjoyment based on the actualization of individual creative ambitions. Additionally, intrinsic motivation tended to provide a strong buffer against unfavourable working conditions that resulted from market principles (viewership ratings), economic stability, and work-life balance. Overall, the present results suggest that creative workers’ tendencies to endure various undesirable working conditions are based on a strong intrinsic motivation to maintain enjoyment from their career.
ASSESSING MALAYSIA’S CREATIVE INDUSTRY: PROGRESS AND POLICIES IN THE CASE OF THE FILM INDUSTRY
Authors: Yoong Hon Lee , Lim Sheau Yen Ruth
Published: October 2019

This paper explores the performance of local movies at the Malaysian box-office circuit to ascertain and analyse the extent of the reported improvements of the sector – it is hoped that the findings can provide a more objective assessment of the state of local films and the policies that have been aimed at cultivating improvements in the sector. Overall, the findings indicate that the local movie industry is still a long way from establishing a strong foothold even in its own domestic market.
ATSINAUJINANČIOS ENERGIJOS ŠALTINIŲ DIEGIMO MODERNIZUOJAMUOSE PASTATUOSE ĮVERTINIMAS GYVAVIMO CIKLO POŽIŪRIU: ATVEJO ANALIZĖ / EVALUATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES INSTALLATION IN REFURBISHED BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF LIFE CYCLE: CASE STUDY
Authors: Rogoža Artur , Šiupšinskas Giedrius , Bielskus Juozas , Misevičiūtė Violeta
Published: October 2019

Renewable energy technologies are increasingly integrated into the modernization of multi-apartment buildings, however their benefits are rarely assessed from a complex environmental, energy and economic point of view. The article presents the results of the modernization of a particular apartment building in terms of the production and consumption of energy in a building, from the viewpoint of the life cycle. The benefits of the building’s energy modernization were assessed by introducing active (heat pumps and solar collectors for hot domestic water production) and passive modernization measures. The results show that the integration of heat pumps when electricity is produced from non-renewable energy sources according to the analyzed categories of life cycle analysis is not eco-friendly.
The Filamentary Radio Lobes of the Seyfert–Starburst Composite Galaxy NGC 3079
Authors: Sebastian Biny , Kharb P. , O’Dea C. P. , Colbert E. J. M. , Baum S. A.
Published: October 2019

We present results from multifrequency polarization-sensitive Very Large Array observations of the Seyfert–starburst composite galaxy NGC 3079. Our sensitive radio observations reveal a plethora of radio “filaments” comprising the radio lobes in this galaxy. We analyze the origin of these radio filaments in the context of existing Chandra X-ray and HST emission-line data. We do not find a one-to-one correlation of the radio filaments with the emission-line filaments. The northeastern lobe is highly polarized with polarization fractions ∼33% at 5 GHz. The magnetic fields are aligned with the linear extents of the optically thin filaments, as observed in our, as well as other, observations in the literature. Our rotation measure images show evidence for rotation measure inversion in the northeastern lobe. Our data best fit a model where the cosmic rays follow the magnetic field lines generated as a result of the dynamo mechanism. There could be additional effects like shock acceleration that might also be playing a role. We speculate that the peculiar radio lobe morphology is a result of an interplay between both the superwinds and the active galactic nucleus jet that are present in the galaxy. The jet, in fact, might be playing a major role in providing the relativistic electron population that is present in the radio lobes.
On the Gas Dynamic Features of the Interacting Binary System UU Cas
Authors: Kononov Dmitry A. , Gorda Stanislav Yu. , Parfenov Sergey Yu.
Published: October 2019

We present the results of spectroscopic observations and Hα Doppler tomography of the massive close binary system UU Cas where a giant star fills its Roche lobe (donor) and transfers material through the vicinity of the L
1 point onto a massive but rather compact stellar companion (accretor). The system has been observed at the 1.2 m telescope of the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory. By analyzing the obtained spectra and computed Doppler tomogram, we suggest that at least three elements of the gas dynamic pattern in the system contribute to the Balmer Hα emission line profiles. These elements are: the stream from the L
1 point, the stellar wind from the accretor, and the diffuse disk, surrounding the accretor. In combination with the estimates of the companions’ masses, our findings indicate that the system is at the late stage of the first mass transfer phase of its evolution.
The Astrochemical Impact of Cosmic Rays in Protoclusters. II. CI-to-H2 and CO-to-H2 Conversion Factors
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Offner Stella S. R. , Bisbas Thomas G.
Published: October 2019

We utilize a modified astrochemistry code that includes cosmic-ray (CR) attenuation in situ to quantify the impact of different CR models on the CO-to-H2 and CI-to-H2 conversion factors, X
CO and X
CI, respectively. We consider the impact of CRs accelerated by accretion shocks, and show that clouds with star formation efficiencies greater than 2% have X
CO = (2.5 ± 1) × 1020 cm−2(K km s−1)−1, consistent with Milky Way observations. We find that changing the CR ionization rate from external sources from the canonical ζ ≈ 10−17 to ζ ≈ 10−16 s−1, which better represents observations in diffuse gas, reduces X
CO by 0.2 dex for clusters with surface densities below 3 g cm−2. We show that embedded sources regulate X
CO and decrease its variance across a wide range of surface densities and star formation efficiencies. Our models reproduce the trends of a decreased X
CO in extreme CR environments. X
CI has been proposed as an alternative to X
CO due to its brightness at high redshifts. The inclusion of internal CR sources leads to 1.2 dex dispersion in X
CI ranging from 2 × 1020 < X
CI < 4 × 1021 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1. We show that X
CI is highly sensitive to the underlying CR model.
Dust-vortex Instability in the Regime of Well-coupled Grains
Authors: Surville Clément , Mayer Lucio
Published: October 2019

We present a novel study of dust-vortex evolution in global two-fluid disk simulations to find out if evolution toward high dust-to-gas ratios can occur in a regime of well-coupled grains with low Stokes numbers (St = 10−3 − 4 × 10−2). We design a new implicit scheme in the code RoSSBi, to overcome the short time-steps occurring for small grain sizes. We discover that the linear capture phase occurs self-similarly for all grain sizes, with an intrinsic timescale (characterizing the vortex lifetime) scaling as 1/St. After vortex dissipation, the formation of a global active dust ring is a generic outcome confirming our previous results obtained for larger grains. We propose a scenario in which, regardless of grain size, multiple pathways can lead to local dust-to-gas ratios of about unity and above on relatively short timescales, <105 yr, in the presence of a vortex, even with St = 10−3. When St > 10−2, the vortex is quickly dissipated by two-fluid instabilities, and large dust density enhancements form in the global dust ring. When St < 10−2, the vortex is resistant to destabilization. As a result, dust concentrations occur locally due to turbulence developing inside the vortex. Regardless of the Stokes number, dust-to-gas ratios in the range 1–10, a necessary condition to trigger a subsequent streaming instability, or even a direct gravitational instability of the dust clumps, appears to be an inevitable outcome. Although quantitative connections with other instabilities still need to be made, we argue that our results support a new scenario of vortex-driven planetesimal formation.
A Wind-disk Self-irradiation Model for Supercritical Accretion
Authors: Yao Yuhan , Feng Hua
Published: October 2019

Optical emission from actively accreting X-ray binaries is dominated by X-ray reprocessing on the outer disk. In the regime of supercritical accretion, strong radiation will power a massive wind that is optically thick and nearly spherical, and will occult the central hard X-rays from irradiating the outer disk. Instead, thermal emission from the wind will act as a new source of irradiation. Here, we construct a self-irradiation model in which the inner disk (within the wind photosphere) is completely blocked by the wind, the middle part (between the wind photosphere and scattersphere) is heated by the wind directly, and the outer disk (beyond the wind scattersphere) is heated by photons leaving the scattersphere. The model can adequately fit the UV/optical SED of NGC 247 X-1, a candidate source with supercritical accretion, while the standard irradiation model fails to produce a self-consistent result. The best-fit parameters suggest that the source contains a stellar-mass black hole with an accretion rate roughly 100 times the critical value. Remarkably, the UV/optical fitting predicts a wind photosphere that is consistent with X-ray measurements, although it is an extrapolation over three orders of magnitude in wavelength. This implies that supercritical accretion does power a massive wind and the UV/optical data are useful for constraining the wind structure.
Ligament-Tendon Fixation: Analysis of a New Stitch and Comparison With Standard Techniques
Authors: Krackow Kenneth A , Thomas Stephen C , Jones Lynne C
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT: A newly devised locking loop tendon- ligament suture was evaluated for its clinical application. The suture is relatively simple to use and is particularly suited to flat structures such as the medial collateral ligament, joint capsule, and patellar tendon. It affects tension and resistance to pull out without exerting major purse stringing or bunching.

In a laboratory setting, this suture technique has been compared to fixation by individual sutures and several varieties of staple fixation. Simple suture fixation was quite weak, measuring 100 newtons (N). Staple fixation is not only weaker than the ligament suture, but is more highly dependent on bone quality and is generally more variable. When employed with strong suture material, a doubled ligament suture was found to be nearly twice as strong (392 N) as staple fixation into bone (208 N) and demonstrated a mean pul lout strength close to the forces observed on human anterior cruciate ligaments. In combination with a well placed ligament staple into good quality bone, fixation was further enhanced (482 N) and statistically significantly improved (P>.05).
Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Followed by Pegaptanib Maintenance as a Treatment Regimen for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hughes Mark S. , Sang Delia N.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, both necessary and sufficient in promoting ocular neovascularization, is an attractive therapeutic target. Combining nonselective and selective VEGF blockade may provide clinical benefit with minimal risks in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).  PATIENTS AND METHODS  Twenty patients with all subtypes of neovascular AMD and a broad range of baseline vision were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab followed by pegaptanib sodium for 54 weeks. Visual acuity measurements, biomicroscopy, funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and adverse event assessments were performed.  RESULTS Mean visual acuity improved from approximately 20/200 at baseline to 20/80. All patients experienced an improvement in retinal thickness, ranging from -47 to -297 microns. Adverse events were limited to transient irritation or redness. No significant elevation in intraocular pressure occurred following either bevacizumab or pegaptanib injections.  CONCLUSIONS  Nonselective VEGF blockade with bevacizumab induction and selective VEGF165 blockade with pegaptanib as maintenance therapies may offer clinically meaningful outcomes with acceptable safety profiles in patients with AMD.  [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:446-454.]  AUTHORS From the Schepens Eye Research Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; and Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.  Accepted for publication October 8, 2006.  Presented in part at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 4, 2006.  Drs. Hughes and Sang receive research funds from (OSI) Eyetech.  Address reprint requests to Mark S. Hughes, MD, Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 600, Boston, MA 02114. 
Preoperative Visual Acuity as a Prognostic Indicator for Laser Treatment of Macular Edema Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Subramanian Manju L. , Heier Jeffrey S. , Esrick Erica , Devaiah Anand K. , Topping Trexler M. , Frederick Albert R. , Morley Michael G.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To determine the visual outcome of laser treatments for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in patients with a preoperative visual acuity (VA) of 20/200 or worse compared to patients with a preoperative VA of better than 20/200.   PATIENTS AND METHODS Records of 88 patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO undergoing laser treatment from 1984 to 2003 were reviewed. Mean VA was measured before and after each treatment and after the final treatment.   RESULTS  All patients received between one and five laser treatments. Preoperative VA was better than 20/200 in 56 patients (group 1) and 20/200 or worse in 32 patients (group 2). Patients in group 1 had a mean improvement of 0.48 lines and 57% had a final VA of 20/40 or better. Patients in group 2 had a mean improvement of 1.69 lines and 20% had a final VA of 20/40 or better.  CONCLUSIONS  Patients with poor VA (20/200 or worse) secondary to macular edema due to BRVO responded positively to laser treatment. The level of preoperative VA can be a useful predictor of visual outcome. These patients should consider laser treatment before alternative, more aggressive approaches.  [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:462-467.]  AUTHORS From Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston (MLS, JSH, TMT, ARF, MGM); Boston Children’s Hospital (EE), Harvard University School of Medicine; VA Boston Healthcare System (MLS); and Boston University School of Medicine (MLS, AKD), Boston, Massachusetts.  Accepted for publication May 20, 2006.  Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Association for Research and Vision in Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, May 3-9, 2003.  Address reprint requests to Manju L. Subramanian, MD, 85 East Concord Street, 8th Floor, Boston, MA 02118. 
Development of Macular Hole in the Early Postoperative Period Following Pneumatic Retinopexy
Authors: Proulx Alain A. , Sheidow Tom G.
Published: October 2019

 Pneumatic retinopexy is a minimally invasive procedure used to repair uncomplicated superior rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Macular holes have been reported in only 6 cases as a rare sequel to this procedure. The development of macular hole in a patient in the early perioperative period following pneumatic retinopexy is described. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:481-483.] AUTHORS From the Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.  Accepted for publication September 26, 2005.  Address reprint requests to Tom G. Sheidow, MD, Ivey Eye Institute, 750 Commissioners’ Road East, London, Ontario N6A 4G5, Canada. 
Macular Hole With Retinal Pigment Epithelium Hyperplasia Simulating Neoplasm
Authors: Pilyugina Svetlana A. , Moshfeghi Darius M. , Goldsmith Jason , Kaiser Peter K.
Published: October 2019

A case in which a retinal pigment epithelium migration through a stage IV macular hole onto the retinal surface simulated a retinal pigment epithelium neoplasm is described. A 69-year-old woman presented with a hyperpigmented membranous retinal surface growth temporal to a stage IV macular hole in the left eye. Clinical examination and optical coherence tomography were performed prior to pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Histopathologic processing revealed melanosomes and retinal pigment epithelium with no evidence of neoplastic cells. Retinal pigment epithelium migration can occur through a full-thickness macular hole onto the retinal surface, simulating a retinal pigment epithelium neoplasm. It may be a poor prognostic indicator for visual success. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:484-485.]  AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology (SAP, DMM), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and the Cole Eye Institute (JG, PKK), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.  Accepted for publication July 11, 2006.  Supported by the Ronald G. Michels Fellowship Foundation, Baltimore, Maryland (DMM).  Address reprint requests to Darius M. Moshfeghi, MD, 1225 Crane Street, Menlo Park, CA 94304. 
Valsalva-like Retinopathy Following Hyperopic Laser In Situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Harrison Steven A. , Reinstein Dan Z. , Ferrone Philip J.
Published: October 2019

 A 50-year-old woman presented with unilateral acute loss of vision 15 hours after undergoing bilateral hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). She denied “straining.” Fluorescein angiography showed no retinal vascular abnormalities but demonstrated blocked fluorescence corresponding with subhyaloid, intraretinal, and subretinal hemorrhages seen clinically in the left eye. YAG laser vitreolysis was performed after noting posterior cortical vitreous thickening with a loculated subhyaloid hemorrhage. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was restored to 20/20 by the 2-month follow-up examination. Valsalva-like retinopathy, possibly the result of the rapid rise and fall of intraocular pressure during the microkeratome and suction ring operation, may occur following hyperopic LASIK surgery. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:486-488.]  AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology (AAM, PJF), North Shore University Hospital, Great Neck, New York; Kaiser Permanente (SAH), Oakland, California; the Department of Ophthalmology (DZR), Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York; Reinstein Institute (DZR), London, United Kingdom; and Long Island Vitreoretinal Consultants (PJF), Great Neck, New York. Dr. Moshfeghi is currently affiliated with the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida.  Accepted for publication November 20, 2005.  Presented in part at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 11-14, 2001.  Address reprint requests to Philip J. Ferrone, MD, 600 Northern Boulevard, Suite 216, Great Neck, NY 11021. 
Anterior Limbal Approach in the Treatment of a Late and Extensive Post-traumatic Retrobulbar Abscess
Authors: Karsioglu Safak , Serin Didem , Simsek Ilke Bahceci
Published: October 2019

 The authors report a case of acute development of an extensive retrobulbar abscess 3 weeks after an orbital floor fracture. Urgent drainage of the abscess was performed by an anterior transconjunctival approach. A dramatic recovery was observed a few days following the operation. The visual acuity increased from hand motions to 0.7 to 0.8 in the early postoperative period and to 1.0 shortly thereafter. The severity of infection, the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis for blowout fractures, and the efficacy of the transconjunctival approach on the final visual and functional outcome are described. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:490-493.]  AUTHORS From the Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Eye Clinic, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey. Dr. Serin is currently affliliated with the Department of Ophthalmology, Izzet Baysal Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy, Bolu, Turkey.  Accepted for publication August 15, 2006.  Address reprint requests to Safak Karslioglu, MD, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Eye Clinic, Halaskargazi Cad. No: 323/3 Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey. 
Conservative Treatment of Isolated Medial Orbital Wall Fractures
Authors: Yenice Özlem , Ögüt Mehdi Süha , Onal Sumru , Ozcan Eda
Published: October 2019

 The decision to use surgical or nonsurgical treatment for orbital blow-out fractures is still controversial. Previously, it was advocated that all blow-out fractures should be treated surgically based on the conception that extraocular muscles were blown out and trapped in the fracture area. However, a shift to a more conservative approach occurred gradually, most likely due to the evidence of spontaneous improvement. The medical records of two patients who were diagnosed as having an isolated medial wall fracture with medial rectus muscle displacement into the ethmoid sinus, as demonstrated by computed tomography, were reviewed. Both patients showed improvement only with conservative therapy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:497-501.] AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.  Accepted for publication February 16, 2006.  Address reprint requests to Özlem Yenice, MD, Atifbey sok, Yenikoy sitesi, A 13 Blok Kat:2 D:8, Acibadem/Kadikoy/Istanbul, Turkey. 
Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment in Highly Myopic Eyes With Macular Hole
Authors: Soheilian Masoud , Ghaseminejad Amir K. , Yazdani Shahin , Ahmadieh Hamid , Azarmina Mohsen , Dehghan Mohammad H. , Moradian Siamak , Anisian Arash , Peyman Gholam A.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES  To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of surgery for retinal detachment due to macular hole in highly myopic eyes with pronounced posterior staphyloma.  PATIENTS AND METHODS  Data for all patients with high myopia who underwent surgery for retinal detachment resulting from macular hole from 1993 to 2002 in one hospital were evaluated. Patient characteristics, best-corrected visual acuity preoperatively and at last examination, surgical technique, anatomical success, and follow-up period were extracted and analyzed statistically.  RESULTS  Twenty-six of the 27 patients (28 eyes) were female (96%) with a mean age of 59.8 years; mean follow-up was 17.3 months. Mean axial length was 29.1 ± 2.74 mm; mean myopia was -16.4 ± 3.1 diopters. Marked posterior staphyloma was detected in 71%. Seven eyes had undergone failed scleral buckling as the primary procedure; intravitreal SF6 injection was the primary procedure in 12 eyes. Twenty-three eyes underwent deep vitrectomy with use of high viscosity silicone oil. Overall anatomical success was achieved in 92.9% (26 of 28 eyes); 78.6% had visual improvement.  CONCLUSIONS  Vitreous surgery combined with other necessary adjunct procedures such as membrane peeling and use of retinal tamponade, as a primary or a secondary procedure, seems to be successful in achieving retinal reattachment in eyes with macular hole and posterior staphyloma.  [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:15-22.]  AUTHORS From the Ophthalmology Department and Ophthalmic Research Center (MS, AKG, SY, HA, MA, MHD, SM, AA), Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Negah Eye Center (MS, HA, MA, MHD, SM), Tehran, Iran; and the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (GAP), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.  Accepted September 28, 2006.  Address correspondence to Masoud Soheilian, MD, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Pasdaran Ave./Boostan 9 St., Tehran 16666 Iran. 
Estimation of Intraocular Pressure in Rabbits With Commonly Used Tonometers
Authors: Acosta Ana C. , Espana Edgar M. , Nose Izuru , Orozco Marcia , Yamamoto Hideo , Venkatraman Anna S. , Fantes Francisco , Parel Jean-Marie
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To validate accuracy and reproducibility of the Perkins tonometer, pneumatonometer, and Tono-Pen XL (Medtronic Solan, Jacksonville, FL) in estimating intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits.  MATERIALS AND METHODS  IOP was increased from 5 to 50 mm Hg in 5-mm increments. Measurements were compared to readings of two digital manometers simultaneously measuring real IOP in the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity. Interobserver accuracy was evaluated using 4 eyes with the Perkins tonometer.  RESULTS  The Perkins tonometer and Tono-Pen XL underestimated IOP and were more accurate at pressures less than 30 mm Hg. No statistically significant difference was found between real IOP and Tono-Pen XL readings. The pneumatonometer overestimated pressures in the low ranges but was accurate at pressures greater than 40 mm Hg. The Tono-Pen XL had more variability than the Perkins tonometer and pneumatonometer at high IOP.  CONCLUSIONS  None of the tonometers are accurate or reproducible in estimating IOP in rabbits over the tested range. Pneumatonometry, although not very accurate, has the advantage of having acceptable variability.  [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:43-49.]  AUTHORS From the Ophthalmic Biophysics Center (ACA, EME, IN, MO, HY, FF, J-MP), Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; the Biostatistic Center (ASV), Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; the Department of Biomedical Engineering (J-MP), University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, Florida; and the University of Liege (J-MP), Liege, Belgium.  Accepted for publication September 18, 2006.  Supported by Florida Lions Eye Bank; InnFocus LLC, NIH Center Grant No. P30-EY014801, Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc.; and the Henri and Flore Lesieur Foundation.  Address correspondence to Jean-Marie Parel, PhD, Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. 
Full-Thickness Eccentric Macular Hole Following Vitrectomy With Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling
Authors: Yeh Steven , Bourgeois Keith A. , Benz Matthew S.
Published: October 2019

A 65-year-old man presented after macular hole surgery with trypan blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling in his left eye. Although the patient had no visual complaints in the left eye, on clinical examination an eccentric full-thickness macular hole was noted just inside the superior vascular arcade and documented by optical coherence tomography. The patient was observed and continued to remain asymptomatic. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:59-60.]  AUTHORS From the Cullen Eye Institute (SY), Baylor College of Medicine; Downtown Eye Associates (KAB); and Vitreoretinal Consultants (MSB), Houston, Texas.
Accepted for publication August 8, 2006.  Supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York.  Address correspondence to Matthew S. Benz, MD, Texas Medical Center, Scurlock Tower, 6560 Fannin, Suite 750, Houston, TX 77030. 
Large Submacular Hemorrhage Following PDT With Verteporfin in Patients With Occult CNVM Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Chaudhry Nauman A. , Lavaque Alejandro J. , Tom David E. , Liggett Peter E.
Published: October 2019

A review of the charts for all patients who developed large submacular hemorrhages following photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration yielded three patients who met the criteria for a large submacular hemorrhage. All three patients were treated for exudative age-related macular degeneration and were taking warfarin for chronic anticoagulation. Before photodynamic therapy, the international normalized ratio ranged from 1.2 to 1.6. All three patients had received at least one previous verteporfin treatment in the study eye. All three hemorrhages were not noted immediately after photodynamic therapy and were documented within 1 to 2 weeks following the procedure. Patients with age-related macular degeneration who are receiving warfarin therapy and undergoing repeat verteporfin treatments appear to be at risk for submacular hemorrhages. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:64-68.]  AUTHORS From New England Retina Associates (NAC, AJL, DET, PEL), Hamden, Connecticut; Yale Eye Center (NAC, DET), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and Cornell University Medical Center (PEL), New York, New York.  Accepted for publication January 12, 2006.  Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, May 5-10, 2002.  Supported in part by the New England Retina Research Foundation, Hamden, Connecticut.  Address correspondence to Alejandro J. Lavaque, MD, 2200 Whitney Ave., Suite 300, Hamden, CT 06518. 
Valsalva Retinopathy Associated With Vigorous Dancing in a Discotheque
Authors: Bar-Sela Shai M. , Moisseiev Joseph
Published: October 2019

 Valsalva retinopathy develops in response to a Valsalva maneuver. Decreased visual acuity may be caused by preretinal hemorrhage, which is related to the fovea, or by vitreous hemorrhage. The hemorrhage usually clears spontaneously. A case of Valsalva maculopathy in a young, healthy boy caused by physical exertion while dancing at a club is described. Reduced visual acuity and premacular hemorrhage spontaneously resolved during the 5-month postoperative period. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:69-71.]  AUTHORS From the Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.  Accepted for publication July 3, 2006.  Address correspondence to Shai M. Bar-Sela, MD, MSc, Ben-Zion 14/6, 95423, Jerusalem, Israel. 
Use of the Honan Balloon as a Compression Device for Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection
Authors: Hernaez-Ortega Maria C. , Soto-Pedre Enrique
Published: October 2019

Obtaining a lower intraocular pressure (IOP) before an intravitreal injection is important to avoid the danger of an immediate increase in IOP. This article describes the use of the Honan balloon to reduce the IOP before an intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection instead of the other procedures described in the literature, which may increase the risk of complications. The results of the technique in 19 patients with retinal vein occlusion are reported. Honan balloon was applied at 30 mm Hg for 10 minutes and the injection was then performed no more than 5 minutes after the removal of the Honan balloon. In no more than 10 minutes, this procedure resulted in a significant reduction in IOP. No complications such as central retinal artery occlusion were observed after the injection. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:87-88.]  AUTHORS From the European Innovative Biomedicine Institute, Cantabria, Spain.  Accepted for publication September 22, 2005.  Address correspondence to Enrique Soto-Pedre, MD, MSc, MPH, European Innovative Biomedicine Institute, C/ Jardines 2, 1-G, 39700 Castro-Urdiales, Cantabria, Spain. 
Incidence of Complications in 25-Gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy Based on the Surgical Indications
Authors: Amato Josh E. , Akduman Levent
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The complications of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy based on the surgical indications were reviewed.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty-eight patients underwent 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. Indications for vitrectomy, preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure, and any intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded.
RESULTS
Complications included the need to suture a leaking sclerotomy intraoperatively in four eyes (9%), all of which involved oil removal; postoperative hypotony with choroidals in two eyes (5%); mild progression of nuclear sclerotic cataract in one eye (2% of all eyes, 4% of phakic eyes); the need to switch to 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy in one eye (2%); corneal abrasion in one eye (2%); and retinal detachment in one eye (2%). Sclerotomy leakage and hyopotony with choroidals were only encountered in cases involving previously vitrectomized eyes, whereas none of the eyes without previous vitrectomy had leakage-related complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Previously vitrectomized eyes have a higher incidence of complications related to postoperative leakage, possibly due to the lack of plugging effect of peripheral vitreous on the unsutured sclerotomy. One should consider suturing any leaking sclerotomy at the conclusion of surgery involving previously vitrectomized eyes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:100-102.]
AUTHORS
From the Saint Louis University Eye Institute (JEA, LA); and the O’Donnell Eye Institute (LA), St. Louis, Missouri. Accepted for publication September 20, 2006.Presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 25-29, 2004.Sponsored in part by an unrestricted departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York. Address correspondence to Levent Akduman, MD, St. Louis University Eye Institute, 1755 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104.
A Retrospective Study of the Incidence of Culture-Positive Endophthalmitis After Cataract Surgery and the Use of Preoperative Antibiotics
Authors: Bohigian George M.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of culture-positive endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in an ambulatory surgery center and to analyze the effect of a specific preoperative antibiotic regimen in reducing the incidence of endophthalmitis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The medical records of 30,870 consecutive eyes undergoing cataract extraction at a single ambulatory surgery center were reviewed retrospectively. Complications of the cataract surgeries, including endophthalmitis, were collected.
RESULTS
Cataract surgery was performed without the use of preoperative topical antibiotics on 19,529 eyes from 1990 to 1998 (Group 1) and using topical preoperative ciprofloxacin-soaked pledgets on 11,341 eyes from 1999 to 2003 (Group 2). Five eyes had culture-positive endophthalmitis in each group. The incidence of culture- positive endophthalmitis was 0.03% (1 in 3,000) in Group 1 and 0.04% (1 in 2,268) in Group 2 (P = 1.0).
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis in this study was low. A preoperative pledget soaked with a second-generation fluoroquinolone did not appear to lower the incidence of culture-positive endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in this series. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:103-106.]
AUTHOR
From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Accepted for publication August 31, 2006.
Presented in part at the Ocular Microbiology and Immunology Group Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 23, 2004.The author thanks Mae Gordon, PhD, Brad Wilson, Randall A. Prince, PharmD, Gaurav Shah, MD, Seenu Hariprasad, MD, Linda Abrams, RN, and Nancy Holekamp, MD, for their assistance. Address correspondence to George M. Bohigian, MD, 2821 N. Ballas Road, Suite 240, St. Louis, MO 63131.
A Survey of Desired Skills to Acquire in Ophthalmology Training: A Descriptive Statistical Analysis
Authors: Michels Kevin S. , Beard Hansel Tracey E. , Choi Donseok , Lauer Andreas K.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

To determine which skills are most important to clinicians and how they correlate with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A descriptive analysis to test four hypotheses: specific skill sets are likely to be important/mandatory for residents to obtain during training; comprehensive and subspecialist ophthalmologists would likely value skills similarly; year of training would likely affect the ranking of skills; and surveying practicing ophthalmologist could help to modify the educational curriculum.

RESULTS

Highest-ranked skill sets included interpersonal and communication skills (mean, 1.17 ± 0.08), ocular trauma (mean, 1.28 ± 0.26), and practice-based learning (mean, 1.37). Comprehensive ophthalmologists and subspecialists did not significantly differ in the ranking of skill sets. Year of graduation did not affect the ranking of skill sets.

CONCLUSION

The ACGME core competencies of interpersonal and communication skills and practice-based learning were ranked as highly important to both comprehensive and subspecialty ophthalmologists. These are included in ACGME core competency requirements. These findings support ACGME core competencies and the need for continued evaluation of ophthalmology residents in all areas of medical training.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:107-114.]

AUTHORS

From the Casey Eye Institute (KSM, AKL); the School of Medicine (TEBH); and the Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine (DC), Division of Biostatistics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Accepted for publication September 16, 2006.

Supported in part by an unrestricted grant to the Casey Eye Institute from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York, and Grant 5P30EY010572 from the National Institutes of Health.

The authors thank Genevieve Long, PhD, for her assistance in the development and editing of this manuscript.

Address correspondence to Andreas K. Lauer, MD, Casey Eye Institute, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd., Portland, OR 97239-4197.