bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergent, Non‐Aging, Extendable, and Rechargeable Exchange Bias in 2D Fe3GeTe2 Homostructures Induced by Moderate Pressuring
Authors: Liu Caixing , Zhang Huisheng , Zhang Shunhong , Hou De , Liu Yonglai , Wu Hanqing , Jiang Zhongzhu , Wang HuaiXiang , Ma Zongwei , Luo Xuan , Li Xiaoyin , Sun Yuping , Xu Xiaohong , Zhang Zhenyu , Sheng Zhigao
Published: October 2022

As a crucial concept in magnetism and spintronics, exchange bias (ExB) measures the asymmetry in the hysteresis loop of a pinned ferromagnet (FM)/antiferromagnet (AFM) interface. Previous studies are mainly focused on FM/AFM heterostructures composed of conventional bulk materials, whose complex interfaces prohibit precise control and full understanding of the phenomenon. Here, the enabling power of 2D magnets is exploited to demonstrate the emergence, non‐aging, extendability, and rechargeability of ExB in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 homostructures, upon moderate pressuring. The emergence of the ExB is attributed to a local stress‐induced FM‐to‐AFM transition, as validated using first‐principles calculations, and confirmed in magneto‐optical Kerr effect and second harmonic generation measurements. It is also observed that, negligible ExB aging before the training effect suddenly takes place through avalanching, pronounced delay of the avalanche via timed pressure repetition (extendability), ExB recovery in the post‐training sample upon refreshed pressuring (rechargeability), and demonstrate its versatile tunability. These striking findings offer unprecedented insights into the underlying principles of ExB and its training, with immense technological applications in sight.
Long‐Life Regenerated LiFePO4 from Spent Cathode by Elevating the d‐Band Center of Fe
Authors: Jia Kai , Ma Jun , Wang Junxiong , Liang Zheng , Ji Guanjun , Piao Zhihong , Gao Runhua , Zhu Yanfei , Zhuang Zhaofeng , Zhou Guangmin , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: October 2022

A large amount of spent LiFePO4 (LFP) has been produced in recent years because it is one of the most widely used cathode materials for electric vehicles. The traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods are doubted because of the economic and environmental benefits; the direct regeneration method is considered a promising way to recycle spent LFP. However, the performance of regenerated LFP by direct recycling is not ideal due to the migration of Fe ions during cycling and irreversible phase transition caused by sluggish Li+ diffusion. The key to addressing the challenge is to immobilize Fe atoms in the lattice and improve the Li+ migration capability during cycling. In this work, spent LFP is regenerated by using environmentally friendly ethanol, and its cycling stability is promoted by elevating the d‐band center of Fe atoms via construction of a heterogeneous interface between LFP and nitrogen‐doped carbon. The FeO bonding is strengthened and the migration of Fe ions during cycling is suppressed due to the elevated d‐band center. The Li+ diffusion kinetics in the regenerated LFP are improved, leading to an excellent reversibility of the phase transition. Therefore,  the regenerated LFP exhibits an ultrastable cycling performance at a high rate of 10 C with ≈80% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
All‐Liquid Reconfigurable Electronics Using Jammed MXene Interfaces
Authors: Popple Derek , Shekhirev Mikhail , Dai Chunhui , Kim Paul , Wang Katherine Xiaoxin , Ashby Paul , Helms Brett A. , Gogotsi Yury , Russell Thomas P. , Zettl Alex
Published: October 2022

Rigid, solid‐state components represent the current paradigm for electronic systems, but they lack post‐production reconfigurability and pose ever‐increasing challenges to efficient end‐of‐life recycling. Liquid electronics may overcome these limitations by offering flexible in‐the‐field redesign and separation at end‐of‐life via simple liquid phase chemistries. Up to now, preliminary work on liquid electronics has focused on liquid metal components, but these devices still require an encapsulating polymer and typically use alloys of rare elements like indium. Here, using the self‐assembly of jammed 2D titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene nanoparticles at liquid–liquid interfaces, “all‐liquid” electrically conductive sheets, wires, and simple functional devices are described including electromechanical switches and photodetectors. These assemblies combine the high conductivity of MXene nanosheets with the controllable form and reconfigurability of structured liquids. Such configurations can have applications not only in electronics, but also in catalysis and microfluidics, especially in systems where the product and substrate have affinity for solvents of differing polarity.
“Enzyme‐Like” Spatially Fixed Polyhydroxyl Microenvironment‐Activated Hydrochromic Molecular Switching for Naked Eye Detection of ppm Level Humidity
Authors: Wei Xiaoyan , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An , Sheng Lan
Published: October 2022

The detection and monitoring of ultralow humidity (<100 ppm) are critical in many important industries, such as high‐tech manufacturing, scientific research, and aerospace. However, the development of ppm level humidity sensors with portability, low cost, and ease of regeneration remains a significant challenge. Herein, an innovative “enzyme‐like” construction strategy is proposed to address this problem by employing suitable molecular‐level humidity‐sensitive units and chemically constructing a multilevel spatial synergistic sensitization microenvironment around it. The as‐prepared ultralow humidity‐sensitive paper (UHSP) achieved a naked eye recognition humidity of 0.01–100 ppm. UHSP not only is simple to prepare, handy and low‐cost, but can also be simply and efficiently regenerated as well as recycled many times by skillfully utilizing the “unconventional sublimation” and “lime slaked” of calcium oxide. The molecular reaction mechanisms involved in the humidity response and regeneration of UHSP have been demonstrated in detail. UHSP can provide a promising new method for ultralow humidity detection in the form of portable kits or sirens. The demonstrated “enzyme‐like” construction strategy can bring unlimited ideas and implications to the design and development of sensors with tunable response thresholds, particularly high sensitivity.
Phosphorous Dendron Micelles as a Nanomedicine Platform for Cooperative Tumor Chemoimmunotherapy via Synergistic Modulation of Immune Cells
Authors: Zhan Mengsi , Qiu Jieru , Fan Yu , Chen Liang , Guo Yunqi , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Jin , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Shi Xiangyang
Published: October 2022

Design of effective nanomedicines to modulate multiple immune cells to overcome the immune‐suppressive tumor microenvironment is desirable to improve the overall poor clinical outcomes of immunotherapy. Herein, a nanomedicine platform is reported based on chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded phosphorus dendron micelles (M‐G1‐TBPNa@DOX, TBP, tyramine bearing two dimethylphosphonate) with inherent immunomodulatory activity for synergistic tumor chemoimmunotherapy. The M‐G1‐TBPNa@DOX micelles with good stability and a mean particle size of 86.4 nm can deliver DOX to solid tumors to induce significant tumor cell apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD). With the demonstrated intrinsic activity of M‐G1‐TBPNa that can promote the proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells, the ICD‐resulted maturation of dendritic cells of the DOX‐loaded micelles, and the combination of anti‐PD‐L1 antibody, the synergistic modulation of multiple immune cells through NK cell proliferation, recruitment of tumor‐infiltrating NK cells and cytotoxic T cells, and decrease of regulatory T cells for effective tumor chemoimmunotherapy with strong antitumor immunity and immune memory effect for effective prevention of lung metastasis are demonstrated. The developed phosphorous dendron micelles may hold great promise to be used as an advanced nanomedicine formulation for synergistic modulation of multiple immune cells through NK cell proliferation for effective chemoimmunotherapy of different tumor types.
Recent Developments of Inkjet‐Printed Flexible Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Li Chun , Bu Fan , Wang Qiangzheng , Liu Xiangye
Published: October 2022

With the rapid development of portable and wearable electronics, the design and fabrication of flexible electrochemical energy storage devices, including batteries and supercapacitors, have attracted tremendous attention among both scientific and industrial fields. Inkjet printing is considered to be a promising technology for manufacturing low‐cost high‐performance flexible energy storage devices because of its material‐saving feature and pattern‐writing flexibility. Very recently, great efforts have been dedicated to adapting inkjet printing for the production of practical flexible energy storage devices. In this review, inkjet printing operation mechanisms, ink properties, and the interaction between the droplet and substrate are first described in detail. Then the development of inkjet‐printed flexible electrochemical energy storage devices in recent years is focused on from the perspective of electrode materials. Next, the application of inkjet‐printed flexible energy storage devices in self‐powered electronic systems is briefly introduced. At last, challenges and future development directions of inkjet‐printed flexible energy storage devices are further discussed.
Analysis of Carrier Transport in Quantum Dot/Metal‐Oxide Phototransistors via Light‐Mediated Interfacial Modeling
Authors: Park Joon Bee , Kim Jaehyun , Jang Young Woo , Park Hun‐Bum , Yang Seong Hwan , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Kim Myunggil , Facchetti Antonio , Park Sung Kyu
Published: October 2022

Quantum dot (QD) hybrid phototransistors based on high‐mobility channel semiconductors have attracted great interest due to their outstanding photonic characteristics with diverse and broadband optoelectronic functionalities. However, difficulties for precise control of electronic coupling between QD particles and lack of QD/semiconductor interface analysis have limited the use of these platforms into practical optoelectronic applications. Here, the authors report a new strategy to high‐performance phototransistors based on CdSe QD/amorphous oxide semiconductor heterostructures using trap‐reduced chelating chalcometallate surface ligands by optimizing the QD layer thickness and interface engineering to enhance photogenerated charge transfer properties. Furthermore, based on performance parameters extracted from experimental structure and electrical characteristics, Technology Computer‐Aided Design (TCAD) modeling reveals carrier flow between the QDs in the semiconductor layer in agreement with various spectroscopic data. These modeling results indicate that interface engineering of QD with chalcometallate ligand results in very efficient photo‐induced charge transfer characteristics. Thus, high‐performance chalcometallate ligand QD‐based phototransistors are successfully realized with enhanced responsivity (2.12 × 104 A W−1) and photodetectivity (2.74 × 1016 Jones) compared with conventional monodentate ligand functionalized (SCN−) QD‐based devices (8.79 × 103 A W−1 and 8.8 × 1010 Jones, respectively). This is the demonstration of systematic analysis of QD‐based hetero‐structured phototransistors with light‐mediated interfacial physical modeling and electrochemical measurement.
Eco‐Friendly Transition‐Metal‐Ion‐Doped rGO Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Pham Vy Ngoc , Jeon Hyeri , Han Seoyoung , Hong Seungwoo , Lee Hangil
Published: October 2022

Improving the photocatalytic properties of various types of metal oxides is becoming increasingly important in terms of environmental factors. Carbon allotropes are eco‐friendly materials, and improving their photocatalytic properties via doping‐induced modifications is one of the most attractive research areas. In this context, various first‐row transition‐metal‐ion‐doped reduced graphene oxide samples are synthesized and characterized using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy along with X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate their morphological and electronic structures at the molecular level. Transition metal‐ion doping produces several defect structures at the oxygen functionalities of reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (rGO). Such defect structures are well correlated with their photocatalytic activity; Cr@rGO and Fe@rGO exhibit decent activities among the four tested rGO samples in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and selective oxidation of 2,5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. To test the environmental factors, cytotoxicity tests are performed by incubating the modified rGO with human skin cells; Fe@rGO is found to be the least toxic. Therefore, Fe@rGO displayed both enhanced photocatalytic activity and environment‐friendly character as compared to the bare rGO, indicating that it is a plausible candidate for application in the petrochemical transformation of biomass without environmental concerns.
A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Runs on Hydrocarbon Fuels with Exceptional Durability and Power Output
Authors: Zhang Weilin , Hu Xueyu , Zhou Yucun , Luo Zheyu , Nam Gyutae , Ding Yong , Li Tongtong , Liu Zhijun , Ahn Yoojin , Kane Nicholas , Wang Weining , Hou Jie , Spradling Drew , Liu Meilin
Published: October 2022

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that can operate on hydrocarbon fuels offer an efficient and cost‐effective solution for electricity generation. However, broader commercialization of SOFCs is hindered by inadequate performance and limited durability due to the sluggish hydrocarbon reforming/oxidation kinetics and coking on the SOFC anode. Here it has been reported that these findings in design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel anode catalyst Ba(Zr0.8Y0.2)0.9(Ni0.5Ru0.5)0.1O3‐δ (BZYNR) that overcomes the problems, enabling direct utilization of nearly dry hydrocarbon fuels (e.g., methane, ethanol, and iso‐octane with only 3 vol% H2O) with exceptional power output for over 1000 h on both button cells and tubular cells. The outstanding performance of BZYNR is attributed to the high activity of hydrocarbon reforming and the accelerated water‐mediated carbon cleaning process on Ni‐based SOFC anode.
Recent Advances in Molecular Oxygen Assisted Laccase Catalyzed Sustainable Organic Transformations
Authors: Jayakumar Jyothylakshmi , Priyadarshini Deepshikha , Parthasarathy Anutthaman , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara
Published: October 2022

Bio‐catalysis is a versatile and powerful tool in organic synthesis, hazardous chemical remediation, biosensors, and industrial sectors. It has been claimed that laccases can function as an intriguing class of biocatalyst in organic chemistry. They are highly favourable catalysts and offer advantages over conventional oxidants and toxic metal catalysts by exhibiting high activity in aqueous media under mild conditions and also work on diverse functional groups possessing substrates maintaining the atom economy. They coordinate well with molecular oxygen and perform chemo selective oxidation reactions, as well as a plethora of other reactions. However, this review is intended to cover molecular oxygen‐assisted laccase catalysis in organic transformations and its significance in industry.
π‐Expanded Carbazoles as Hole‐Selective Self‐Assembled Monolayers for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Wenlin , Li Fengzhu , Li Mingliang , Qi Feng , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: October 2022

Carbazole‐derived self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are promising hole‐selective materials for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, they often possess small dipoles which prohibit them from effectively modulating the workfunction of ITO substrate, limiting the PSC photovoltage. Moreover, their properties can be drastically affected by even subtle structural modifications, undermining the final PSC performance. Here, we designed two carbazole‐derived SAMs, CbzPh and CbzNaph through asymmetric or helical π‐expansion for improved molecular dipole moment and strengthened π‐π interaction. The helical π‐expanded CbzNaph has the largest dipole, forming densely packed and ordered monolayer, facilitated by the highly ordered assembly observed in its π‐scaffold's single crystal. These synergistically modulate the perovskite crystallization atop and tune the ITO workfunction. Consequently, the champion PSC employing CbzNaph showed an excellent 24.1 % efficiency and improved stability.
Highly Oxidation‐Resistant Electrolyte for 4.7 V Sodium Metal Batteries Enabled by Anion/Cation Solvation Engineering
Authors: Wu Daxiong , Zhu Chunlei , Wu Mingguang , Wang Huaping , Huang Junda , Tang Dongliang , Ma Jianmin
Published: October 2022

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are considered as promising battery system due to abundant Na sources. However, poor compatibility between electrolyte and cathode severely impedes its development. Herein, we proposed an anion/cation solvation strategy for realizing 4.7 V resistant SMBs electrolyte with NaClO4 and trimethoxy(pentafluorophenyl)silane (TPFS) as dual additives (DA). The ClO4− can rapidly transfer to the cathode surface and strongly coordinate with Na+ to form stable polymer‐like chains with solvents. Meanwhile, TPFS can preferentially enter into the PF6− anion solvation sheath for reducing PF6‐solvent interaction and effectively scavenge adverse electrolyte species for protecting electrode electrolyte interphases. Thus, such electrolyte elevates the oxidative stability of carbonate electrolytes from 3.77 to 4.75 V, and enables Na||Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (NVPF) battery with a capacity retention of 93 % and an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.6 % after 500 cycles at 4.7 V.
Compacting Electric Double Layer Enables Carbon Electrode with Ultrahigh Zn Ion Storage Capability
Authors: Shi Xin , Xie Jinhao , Yang Fan , Wang Fuxin , Zheng Dezhou , Cao Xianshuo , Yu Yanxia , Liu Qi , Lu Xihong
Published: October 2022

Carbon‐based cathodes for aqueous zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) typically undergo low Zn ion storage capability due to their electric double layer capacitance (EDLC) energy storage mechanism that is restricted by specific surface area and thickness of electric double layer (EDL). Here, we report a universal surface charge modulation strategy to effectively enhance the capacitance of carbon materials by decreasing the thickness of EDL. Amino groups with lone pair electrons were chosen to increase the surface charge density and enhanced the interaction between carbon electrode and Zn ions, thus effectively compacting the EDL. Consequently, amino functionalized porous carbon based ZHSCs can deliver an ultrahigh capacity of 255.2 mAh g−1 along with excellent cycling stability (95.5 % capacity retention after 50 000 cycles) in 1 M ZnCl2 electrolyte. This study demonstrates the feasibility of EDL modified carbon as Zn2+ storage cathode and great prospect for constructing high performance ZHSCs.
An RNA G‐Quadruplex Structure within the ADAR 5′UTR Interacts with DHX36 Helicase to Regulate Translation
Authors: Lyu Kaixin , Chen Shuo‐Bin , Chow Eugene Yui‐Ching , Zhao Haizhou , Yuan Jia‐Hao , Cai Meng , Shi Jiahai , Chan Ting‐Fung , Tan Jia‐Heng , Kwok Chun Kit
Published: October 2022

RNA G‐quadruplex (rG4) structures in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) play crucial roles in fundamental cellular processes. ADAR is an important enzyme that binds to double‐strand RNA and accounts for the conversion of Adenosine to Inosine in RNA editing. However, so far there is no report on the formation and regulatory role of rG4 on ADAR expression. Here, we identify and characterize a thermostable rG4 structure within the 5′UTR of the ADAR1 mRNA and demonstrate its formation and inhibitory role on translation in reporter gene and native gene constructs. We reveal rG4‐specific helicase DHX36 interacts with this rG4 in vitro and in cells under knockdown and knockout conditions by GTFH (G‐quadruplex‐triggered fluorogenic hybridization) probes and modulates translation in an rG4‐dependent manner. Our results further substantiate the rG4 structure‐DHX36 protein interaction in cells and highlight rG4 to be a key player in controlling ADAR1 translation.
Fast Screening for Copper‐Based Bimetallic Electrocatalysts: Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2to C2+Products on Magnesium‐Modified Copper
Authors: Xie Mingcan , Shen Yan , Ma Wenchao , Wei Diye , Zhang Biao , Wang Zihan , Wang Yihan , Zhang Qinghong , Xie Shunji , Wang Cheng , Wang Ye
Published: October 2022

Electroreduction of CO2(CO2RR) into high value‐added chemicals is an attractive route to achieve carbon neutrality. However, the development of an efficient catalyst for CO2RR is still largely by trial‐and‐error and is very time‐consuming. Herein, we built an electrocatalyst testing platform featuring a home‐built automatic flow cell to accelerate the discovery of efficient catalysts. A fast screening of 109 Cu‐based bimetallic catalysts in only 55 h identifies Mg combined with Cu as the best electrocatalyst for CO2to C2+products. The thus designed Mg−Cu catalyst achieves a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C2+products up to 80 % with a current density of 1.0 A cm−2at −0.77 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Systematic experiments with in situ spectroelectrochemistry analyses show that Mg2+species stabilize Cu+sites during CO2RR and promote the CO2activation, thus enhancing the *CO coverage to promote C−C coupling.
Highly Efficient Green and Red Narrowband Emissive Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing Multi‐Resonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters**
Authors: Wu Sen , Kumar Gupta Abhishek , Yoshida Kou , Gong Junyi , Hall David , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: October 2022

Herein, we demonstrate how judicious selection of the donor decorating a central multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) core based on DiKTa can lead to very high‐performance OLEDs. By decorating the DiKTa core with triphenylamine (TPA) and diphenylamine (DPA), 3TPA‐DiKTa and 3DPA‐DiKTa exhibit bright, narrowband green and red emission in doped films, respectively. The OLEDs based on these emitters showed record‐high performance for this family of emitters with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 30.8 % for 3TPA‐DiKTa at λEL of 551 nm and 16.7 % for 3DPA‐DiKTa at λEL=613 nm. The efficiency roll‐off in the OLEDs was improved significantly by using 4CzIPN as an assistant dopant in hyperfluorescence (HF) devices. The outstanding device performance has been attributed to preferential horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moments of 3TPA‐DiKTa and 3DPA‐DiKTa.
Bromine Assisted MnO2 Dissolution Chemistry: Toward a Hybrid Flow Battery with Energy Density of over 300 Wh L−1
Authors: Liu Yun , Xie Congxin , Li Xianfeng
Published: October 2022

Mn2+/Mn3+ redox pair has been considered as a promising cathode for high energy density batteries, due to its attractive features of high redox potential, solubility and outstanding kinetics. However, the disproportionation side reaction of Mn3+, which results in accumulation of “dead” MnO2 limits its reversibility and further energy density. Herein, a novel catholyte based on mixture of Mn2+ and Br− was proposed for flow batteries with high energy density and long cycle life. In the design, the “dead” MnO2 can be fully discharged via Br− by a chemical‐electrochemical reaction. Coupled with Cd/Cd2+ as anode, the assembled Bromine‐Manganese flow battery (BMFB) demonstrates a high energy efficiency of 76 % at 80 mA cm−2 with energy density of 360 Wh L−1. The battery assembled with silicotungstic acid as anode could continuously run for over 2000 cycles at 80 mA cm−2. With high power density, energy density and durability, the BMFB shows great potential for large‐scale energy storage.
Construction Engineering of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Diynes for the Growth of Graphdiyne and Its Derivatives
Authors: Hu Guilin , He Jingyi , Chen Jing , Li Yongjun
Published: October 2022

Graphdiyne (GDY) and its derivatives are new stable network carbon materials consisting of sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Although those new materials have various applications, synthesizing abundant 1,3‐diynes in GDY and its derivatives is still a great challenge until now. Here we utilized the copper trichloro complex (CuTC) generated in the presence of N,N,N,N’‐tetramethylethylenediamine, O2 and trichloromethane to couple terminal alkynes efficiently. Large two‐dimensional (2D) network graphdiyne (GDY), hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (H‐GDY) and hydrogen substituted graphdiyne with bipyridine (H‐GDY(BPY)) film were successfully synthesized on Cu foil surface. The formation of abundant symmetrical (‐C≡C−C≡C‐) and unsymmetrical diynes (‐C≡C–C≡C‐) in GDY, (H‐GDY) and H‐GDY(BPY) was confirmed by Raman spectra. SEM and TEM images showed two‐dimensional (2D) morphology of the three carbon materials. Furthermore, Element mapping images, FTIR, Solid‐state 13C NMR and XPS demonstrated that bipyridine units were successfully integrated on H‐GDY backbone via heterocoupling of terminal alkynes of 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene and 5,5′‐bis‐ethynyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine. In photocatalytic reaction, H‐GDY(BPY) sheets exhibited a remarkable enhancement of the photocatalytic H2 generation compared with H‐GDY and GDY. The result suggested that the CuTC catalyzed 1,3‐diynes construction system is an efficient way to introduce the active centers into the structure of graphdiyne analogues by rationally designing the introduced active groups at molecular level.
Prussian Blue Analogue‐Derived ZnO/ZnFe2O4 Core‐Shell Nanospheres as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion and Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qinglin , Kang Libin , Xing Zheng , Nie Chuanhao , Hong Haiping , Zhou Xichen , Yun Qinbai , Ju Zhicheng , Chen Bo
Published: October 2022

Herein, core‐shell nanostructured ZnO/derived from self‐sacrifice template method with Prussian blue analogue (i. e., Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2) as precursor has been successfully synthesized by controlling the calcination temperatures and heating rates. The formation mechanism of core‐shell nanostructures has been explored through the morphology transformation under different synthetic conditions. Impressively, ZnO/ZnFe2O4 hybrid material with core‐double shell nanostructure shows good cycling performance as anodes of lithium‐ion batteries (1137 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 80 cycles) and potassium‐ion batteries (217 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 400 cycles). The excellent performances can be attributed to the unique core‐double shell nanostructure as well as synergistic effects of ZnO and ZnFe2O4. The results indicate that the strategy of designing nanostructures could successfully improve the electrochemical performances of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 and effectively expand the commercial application of transition metal oxides.
An iRGD‐conjugated photothermal therapy‐responsive gold nanoparticle system carrying siCDK7 induces necroptosis and immunotherapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cai Rui , Wang Meng , Liu Meiyuan , Zhu Xiongjie , Feng Longbao , Yu Zhongjian , Yang Xia , Zhang Zhiwu , Guo Huili , Guo Rui , Zheng Yanfang
Published: October 2022

Although immunotherapy has improved the clinical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), many tumors have poor responses to immunotherapy. In this study, we confirmed that high expression of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 7 (CDK7) promoted an immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype and macrophage infiltration in LUAD. Thus, we have developed an internalizing‐RGD (iRGD)‐conjugated gold nanoparticle (AuNP) system which carries siCDK7 to activate the antitumor immune response. The iRGD‐conjugated AuNP/siCDK7 system exhibited good tumor targeting performance and photothermal effects. The AuNP/siCDK7 system with excellent biosafety exerted a significant photothermal antitumor effect by inducing tumor cell necroptosis. Furthermore, the AuNP/siCDK7 system ameliorated the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhanced the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 treatment by increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration and decreasing M2 macrophage infiltration. Hence, this iRGD‐conjugated AuNP/siCDK7 system is a potential treatment strategy for lung adenocarcinoma, which exerts its effects by triggering tumor cell necroptosis and immunotherapeutic responses.
A high‐throughput approach to developing and optimizing mixed‐mode membrane chromatography for protein purification
Authors: McKechnie William S. , Thom Volkmar , Kupracz Lukas , Pollard Jennifer , Kandula Sunitha , Welsh John
Published: October 2022

Membrane chromatography has been established as a viable alternative to packed‐bed column chromatography for the purification of therapeutic proteins. Purification via membrane chromatography offers key advantages, including higher productivity and reduced buffer usage. Unlike column chromatography purification, the utilization of high‐throughput screening in order to reduce development times and material requirements has been a challenge for membrane chromatography. This research focused on the development of a new, high‐throughput screening technique for use in screening membrane chromatography conditions for monoclonal antibody purification. The developed screen utilizes a 96‐well plate format, thereby allowing for the screening of multiple different membrane conditions at once. For this study, four mixed‐mode cation exchange membranes and one cation exchange membrane were evaluated on the plate. The screen is performed in a similar manner to that of a resin slurry plate screen, however, instead of a single loading step, the antibody feed was loaded in 50 mg/ml increments up to a maximum loading of 450 mg/ml. Performing a similar, incremental loading on a resin plate would be impractical, as mixing times are substantially longer due to pore diffusion limitations. However, due to the significantly faster rate of mass transfer for membranes relative to resin, mixing times could be reduced by up to a factor of sixty on the membrane plate. Additional optimization showed that higher hydrophobicity can potentially lead to slower kinetics and mixing times that may need to be adjusted accordingly. The end result is a screen that has been proven to provide results comparable to those obtained on larger‐scale membrane purification runs while also enabling exploration of a much greater operating space and significantly reducing the feed materials required.
Same old story of good cop–bad cop? A narrative approach to social representations of the police's role in addressing gender‐based violence in Indian gender advocacy
Authors: D'silva Keshia
Published: October 2022

Despite considerable evidence of the patriarchal nature of the police and underreporting of gender‐based violence in India, there is a dearth of literature on how gender advocacy campaigns in India tackle these issues. This study addresses this gap by exploring how the police is represented in gender advocacy in India. The material comprises of eight campaign videos from two ideologically opposing organizations: Amnesty International, an international human rights organization and Ministry for Women and Child Development, a government body. Social representations theory and narrative analysis are applied in the analysis to answer how the role of the police is narratively constructed. Results suggest two contrasting representations held by each organization in line with their organizational identities. While Amnesty constructed the police as villains obstructing women's access to justice, the Ministry represented the police as heroes defending women's safety. The analysis contributes a novel way of locating anchors and objectifications by a focus on narrative actions and goals. Additionally, the discussion of the findings broadens conceptions of hegemonic and polemic representations, arguing for a more power‐centric approach that conceives of hegemony in terms of access to media channels and material resources. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Stafiba: A STAT5‐Selective Small‐Molecule Inhibitor
Authors: Eckhardt Katrin S. , Münzel Theresa , Gräb Julian , Berg Thorsten
Published: October 2022

The transcription factors STAT5a and STAT5b are constitutively active in many human tumors. Combined inhibition of both STAT5 proteins is a valuable approach with promising applications in tumor biology. We recently reported resorcinol bisphosphate as a moderately active inhibitor of the protein‐protein interaction domains, the SH2 domains, of both STAT5a and STAT5b. Here, we describe the development of resorcinol bisphosphate to Stafiba, a phosphatase‐stable inhibitor of STAT5a and STAT5b with activity in the low micromolar concentration range. Our data provide insights into the structure‐activity relationships of resorcinol bisphosphates and the corresponding bisphosphonates for use as inhibitors of both STAT5a and STAT5b.
Temporality: A fruitful concept for understanding, studying, and supporting people in transition
Authors: Olry‐Louis Isabelle , Cocandeau‐Bellanger Laurence , Fournier Geneviève , Masdonati Jonas
Published: October 2022

The specific processes of transitions or turning points have been studied in different fields, notably vocational psychology, career development, sociology, and the life‐course approach. However, little work has brought together these different strands of research. To fill this gap, we explore the issue of temporality, raised to varying degrees by each approach, with the aim of showing its heuristic value in the study of career transitions. After clarifying a number of concepts, we describe research methodologies that can be used to identify temporality and suggest keys of comprehension to understand transitions from a temporal angle. Finally, we describe intervention avenues that take temporality into account to support people in career transition. Covering the past, the present, and the future, they aim to stimulate self‐reflection in order to give meaning to the most significant biographical experiences and, hence, make the present clearer and anticipation of the future easier.
A High‐Speed Camera‐Based Measurement System for the High‐Pressure Entrained‐Flow Gasification
Authors: Matthes Jörg , Kollmer Max , Eberhard Mark , Hagenmeyer Veit , Kolb Thomas
Published: October 2022

A continuously operated optical measurement system for observation and characterization of the flame structure in an entrained‐flow gasifier operated at 40 bar and 1200 °C is presented. The experimental setup, the image processing system, and the derived parameters for flame characterization are introduced. First results from gasification experiments concerning flame lift‐off distance, flame angle, and flame dynamics are demonstrated.
Chemically Sensitive Field‐Effect Transistors, Past, Present and Future
Authors: Janata Jiří
Published: October 2022

History, failures, successes and potential of Chemically Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (CHEMFET) are presented, based on fifty years of Author's personal experience working in this field. This article is divided into operation of devices in the liquid phase and in the gas phase. The recognition step in the first is based on ion partitioning. It requires a macroscopic reference electrode, which becomes the principal limiting factor. The CHEMFETs for dry operation rely on selective chemical modulation of work function of the electronically conducting gate material. They do not require an external reference and offer the possibility of miniaturization and multivariate sensing. Fabrication and economic aspects of both types of CHEMFETs are also discussed.
Coke deposition and run length in industrial naphtha thermal cracking furnaces via a quasi‐steady state coupled CFD model
Authors: Rezaeimanesh Mohsen , Ghoreyshi S. Ali Asghar , Peyghambarzadeh Seyed Mohsen , Hashemabadi Seyed Hassan
Published: October 2022

Mathematical modelling of the thickness of the coke layer growing over months in millisecond cracking reactors is a dilemma in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. To address the time scale issue, a quasi‐steady state (QSS) approach was employed through a comprehensive coupled reactor/firebox CFD model in the current study. The model was applied to predict the time‐dependent behaviour of coke deposition and to determine the appropriate operating conditions for maximum olefin yields over an industrial furnace run length. A novel algorithm was designed to overcome the complexity of QSS simulation of the CFD model, which is a combination of reactive turbulence flow, combustion, and radiation models. The furnace parameters were studied as a function of two variables: the dilution steam‐to‐feed ratio and the liberated heat by the burners. The results indicated that the run length can be extended by up to 20% while retaining the main product yields. This study offers practical suggestions to maximize the run length in the operation.
The Mechanochemical Beckmann Rearrangement over Solid Acids: From the Ball Mill to the Extruder
Authors: Baier Daniel M. , Rensch Tilo , Dobreva Desislava , Spula Carolina , Fanenstich Stephen , Rappen Marisol , Bergheim Konrad , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: October 2022

Beckmann rearrangement was carried out in the solid state in a ball mill using metal oxides as solid acids. After a comprehensive investigation of different reaction parameters, acids as well as further additives, a combination of aluminosilicate materials, phosphorus pentoxide, and para‐toluenesulfonic acid was identified as the optimal system. This allowed the model compounds ϵ‐caprolactam and acetanilide to be obtained in yields of 46 % and 94 %, respectively, while the robustness of the method was demonstrated by applying it to additional substrates. Finally, we scaled up our optimized reaction into a continuous process using a twin screw extruder. With this, yields beyond 90 % could be achieved in a residence time as low as seven minutes.
Intrusion detection framework using stacked auto encoder based deep neural network in IOT network
Authors: Sugitha G. , Preethi B. C. , Kavitha G.
Published: October 2022

Security is of paramount importance in the number of systems affiliated with increased IoT. Therefore, in this manuscript, a Stacked Auto Encoder based Deep Neural Network (DNN) fostered Intrusion Detection Framework is proposed to secure the IoT Environment. Here, the data is given to the preprocessing stage, in which redundancy elimination and replacement of missing value are done. Then, the preprocessed output is given to the feature selection process. Wherein, the Golden eagle optimization (GEO) algorithm selects the optimum features from pre‐processed data sets. Then selected features are given to the Stacked Auto encoder based deep neural network for classification, which classified the data, like normal, anomalies. Here, the proposed approach is implemented in Python language. To check the robustness of the proposed approach, the performance metrics, like accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F‐measure, precision, and recall is measured. The simulation outcome show that the proposed Stacked Auto Encoder based Deep Neural Network based Intrusion Detection Framework (IDS‐FS‐GEO‐SAENN) method attains higher accuracy 99.75%, 97.85%, 95.13%, and 98.79, higher sensitivity 96.34%, 91.23%, 89.12%, and 87.25%, higher specificity 93.67%, 92.37%, 98.47%, and 94.78% compared with the existing methods, like FS‐SMO‐SDPN, FS‐WO‐RNNLSTM, FS‐hybrid GWOPSO‐RF, and FS‐CNNLSTMGRU, respectively.
FRET‐FLIM to Determine Protein Interactions and Membrane Topology of Enzyme Complexes
Authors: Spatola Rossi Tatiana , Pain Charlotte , Botchway Stanley W. , Kriechbaumer Verena
Published: October 2022

Determining protein‐protein interactions is vital for gaining knowledge on cellular and metabolic processes including enzyme complexes and metabolons. Förster resonance energy transfer with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FRET‐FLIM) is an advanced imaging methodology that allows for the quantitative detection of protein‐protein interactions. In this method, proteins of interest for interaction studies are fused to different fluorophores such as enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP; donor molecule) and monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP; acceptor molecule). Energy transfer between the two fluorophore groups can only occur efficiently when the proteins of interest are in close physical proximity, around ≤10 nm, and therefore are most likely interacting. FRET‐FLIM measures the decrease in excited‐state lifetime of the donor fluorophore (eGFP) with and without the presence of the acceptor (mRFP) and can therefore give information on protein‐protein interactions and the membrane topology of the tested protein. Here we describe the production of fluorescent protein fusions for FRET‐FLIM analysis in tobacco leaf epidermal cells using Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation and a FRET‐FLIM data acquisition and analysis protocol in plant cells. These protocols are applicable and can be adapted for both membrane and soluble proteins in different cellular localizations. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Protein expression in tobacco leaf cells via transient Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation

Basic Protocol 2: FRET‐FLIM data acquisition and analysis
Impactful B Corps: A configurational approach of organizational factors leading to high sustainability performance
Authors: Cantele Silvia , Leardini Chiara , Piubello Orsini Luca
Published: October 2022

Certified B Corps (B Corps) are firms characterized by a hybrid purpose and a sustainable business model that combines profit with social impact. Prior quantitative studies on B Corps have mainly analyzed the impact of certification on firm performance, while only a few have tried to analyze the antecedents of certification or high sustainability performance. Regression models have been used in most cases, often with inconsistent results and some research limitations. The aim of this study is to test the presence of different possible combinations of firm‐level antecedents leading to a high sustainability performance in B Corps. It applies a configurational approach and a qualitative comparative analysis methodology to search for different combinations of organizational factors (size, age, profitability, certification experience, women on board and the “Born B” factor) that lead to a high sustainability outcome, measured by a B Impact Assessment (BIA). Results indicate the existence of four configurations leading to a high BIA, representing as many kinds of impactful B Corps: Born B, small young ventures, small and medium enterprises, and large firms. These results contribute to the literature by showing that a high sustainability performance in B Corps can be reached through different paths (equifinality) entailing both high and low values of each factor (asymmetry) and depends on how factors are combined (conjunction) rather than on their single effect.
Solvent Effects Enable Efficient Tandem Conversion of Cellulose and Its Monosaccharides Towards 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Wu Han , Zhang Rui , Zhai Yunqi , Song Xishang , Xiong Jian , Li Xiaoyun , Qiao Yina , Lu Xuebin , Yu Zhihao
Published: October 2022

The biomass‐derived platform compound 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been hailed as the “Sleeping Giant” due to its promising applications, and it occupies a critical spot in the biomass upgrading roadmap. HMF is typically produced from cellulose and its monosaccharides via a complex tandem conversion with multiple steps (i. e., cellulose depolymerization, glucose isomerization, fructose dehydration, etc.). Previous investigations have confirmed the irreplaceable contribution of solvents in regulating the tandem conversion of cellulose and its monosaccharides to HMF. However, the potential effects of solvents in contributing to this multi‐step tandem process have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this context, this Review aims to provide in‐depth insights into the intrinsic interactions between solvent system and substrate conversion (cellulose and its monosaccharides conversion), reaction regulation (reaction activity and selectivity regulation), as well as product acquisition (humins formation inhibition and product purification). It attempts to elucidate specific solvent effects to promote a more efficient tandem conversion of cellulose and its monosaccharides towards HMF. The insights provided in this Review may contribute to a more sustainable HMF production from biomass feedstocks and a further development of greener solvent systems.
The estimated burden of bulimia nervosa in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019
Authors: Safiri Saeid , Noori Maryam , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Shamekh Ali , Karamzad Nahid , Sullman Mark J. M. , Grieger Jessica A. , Collins Gary S. , Abdollahi Morteza , Kolahi Ali‐Asghar
Published: October 2022

Objective

We aimed to report the burden of bulimia nervosa (BN) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI), for the period 1990–2019.

Methods

Estimates of the prevalence, incidence, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) attributable to BN were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, between 1990 and 2019, for the 21 countries in the MENA region. The counts and age‐standardized rates (per 100,000) were presented, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals.

Results

In 2019, the estimated regional age‐standardized point prevalence and incidence rates of BN were 168.3 (115.0–229.6) and 178.6 (117.0–255.6) per 100,000, which represented 22.0% (17.5–27.2) and 10.4% (7.1–14.7) increases, respectively, since 1990. Moreover, in 2019 the regional age‐standardized DALY rate was 35.5 (20.6–55.5) per 100,000, which was 22.2% (16.7–28.2) higher than in 1990. In 2019, Qatar (58.6 [34.3–92.5]) and Afghanistan (18.4 [10.6–29.2]) had the highest and lowest age‐standardized DALY rates, respectively. Regionally, the age‐standardized point prevalence of BN peaked in the 30–34 age group and was more prevalent among women. In addition, there was a generally positive association between SDI and the burden of BN across the measurement period.

Discussion

In the MENA region, the burden of BN has increased over the last three decades. Cost‐effective preventive measures are needed in the region, especially in the high SDI countries.

Public Significance

This study reports the estimated burden of BN in the MENA region and shows that its burden has increased over the last three decades.