bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two sides of one coin? Relationships build resilience or contribute to burnout in child protection social work: Shared perspectives from Leavers and Stayers in Northern Ireland
Authors: McFadden Paula
Published: July 2018

Child protection is a stressful occupation that can result in burnout and job exit for some social workers. This article will focus on the positive and negative impacts of co-worker and manager relationships, reporting on the meaning applied by workers, and on how these relationships impact their ability to manage the challenges of child protection work. Semi-structured interviews with 15 social-workers who left and 15 who stayed reveal the critical importance of relationships at work for either building resilience or contributing to burnout. Recommendations call for employer-level interventions to promote relationship-focused interventions to enhance social worker resilience.
Wet Fiber Placement: A novel manufacturing technology for continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: May David , Domm Matthias , Mitschang Peter
Published: July 2018

The novel Wet Fiber Placement process enables in-line resin impregnation of fiber rovings and direct placement with defined length, position, and orientation. Therefore, the main challenge is the conveying of the impregnated roving, which is limp and provides little friction. For this, a special arrangement of rollers exploiting belt friction is used. In this study, a prototype system is presented and used to give a first impression on the potential of the approach. Therefore, a 24 k carbon fiber roving, saturated with oil, is conveyed at different speeds while varying the winding scheme, the pre-tension, and the test time in order to investigate their influence on the force development, roving slip and fiber/matrix–volume ratio. It could be proven that even at speeds of 15 m/min and at pre-tensions of 60 N in-line impregnation as well as conveying is securely possible, with the slip being below 3%. Therefore, the number of windings and the winding scheme have the greatest influence, whereas pre-tension and conveying velocity have few/no influence on the process results. With an optimized arrangement, a fiber/matrix–volume ratio around 55% is possible.
A geopolymeric composite of non-calcined rice husks made of metakaolin/sol–gel silica
Authors: Magdaleno-López Coraquetzali , Pérez-Bueno José de Jesús , Flores-Segura Juan Carlos , Reyes-Araiza José Luis , Mendoza-López Maria Luisa , Arés Oscar , Manzano-Ramírez Alejandro
Published: July 2018

In this work, the development of a composite material with geopolymer and a high content of rice husks without heat treatment was investigated to create and characterize a low-cost composite made with agro-industrial wastes. The ratio used was about 12/88 wt./% of sol–gel and metakaolin related to rice husks. This kind of composite geopolymer was designed as both a construction material for load or aesthetic finishing. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the composite has an amorphous phase and a crystalline one, which is typical of geopolymeric materials. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the geopolymeric matrix completely wrapped the rice husks. The composite material has a compressive strength close to some mortars with a value of about 110 kg/cm2 (10.8 MPa). Laser scanning confocal microscopy reveals that there is a difference of emission in the visible spectrum between the inner and outer sides of the rice husks, which corroborates that they have a different chemical composition. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed that the composite material has combined characteristics of its raw materials. X-ray diffraction studies show that metakaolin with sol–gel solutions had temperature-dependent interactions besides that, after the dehydroxylation, the composite material is mostly amorphous. The material of high content of rice husk bound by geopolymer could be applicable in various areas of the construction industry and finishing.
Modeling of polyurethane/lead zirconate titanate composites for vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Rjafallah Abdelkader , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Guyomar Daniel , Kandoussi Khalid , Belhora Fouad , Boughaleb Yahia
Published: July 2018

Collecting the vibration energy existing in the surrounding environment and its transformation to a useful electrical energy in order to supply ultra-low power systems remains an emerging and promising technology. During the last decades, most of research efforts dealt with energy-harvesting technology using piezoelectric ceramics. However, those materials are stiff and limited in mechanical strain abilities. In addition, they lose their stiffness and piezoelectricity at high levels of mechanical strain. Thus, they are unsuitable for many applications in which low frequency and high strain level are required. However, electrostrictive polymers are lightweight, very flexible, have low manufacturing costs and are easy to mould into any desired shapes. These special properties led to them being considered as potential actuators. However, it is not well known that these materials also can be used for mechanical-to-electrical energy harvesting. In this research paper, electromechanical characterization of polymer/lead zirconate titanate composites was extended. The first part develops the analytical model predicting the energy harvested by polyurethane/PZT composites from electrical and mechanical properties of their constituent materials. Indeed, this model was based on the approach of representing the experimental setup with an equivalent electrical scheme. The second part focuses on the assessment of model performance by comparison between predicted and observed values. As a result, good agreements were observed between the two sets of data; in addition, the model could be used to optimize the choice of constituent materials. The last part concerns the contribution of both the electrostrictive effect and piezoelectric effect in electrical powers harvested by PU/PZT composites.
Depression, Anxiety, and Acculturative Stress Among Resettled Bhutanese Refugees in Australia
Authors: Lumley Mia , Katsikitis Mary , Statham Dixie
Published: July 2018

Despite awareness of the difficulties faced by refugees in flight, little is known about their mental health following resettlement. This article investigated rates, predictors, and moderators of anxiety, depression, and acculturative stress among members of the resettled Bhutanese refugee community in northern Queensland. A total of 148 participants (51% male), 18 to 83 years of age, participated in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was comprised of bilingual (English–Nepali) versions of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21; anxiety and depression), the Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale (MASS; acculturative stress), Brief-COPE (coping style), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS; social support), and socio-demographics. Participants reported severe levels of anxiety and moderate levels of depression, and moderate to high levels of acculturative stress. Acculturative stress was a substantive contributor to both depression and anxiety scores. Additional risk factors included the use of maladaptive/avoidant coping styles, age, and education. English language proficiency was strongly protective, as was education to Year 12 and current employment. This research is the first of its kind with this refugee group in Australia, and highlights the longevity and severity of mental health issues that affect Bhutanese refugees resettled in Australia.
Effects of Sound Change on the Weighting of Acoustic Cues to the Three-Way Laryngeal Stop Contrast in Korean: Diachronic and Dialectal Comparisons
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Jongman Allard
Published: July 2018

Both segmental and suprasegmental properties of the South Kyungsang dialect of Korean have changed under the influence of standard Seoul Korean. This study examines how such sound change affects acoustic cues to the three-way laryngeal contrast among Korean stops across Kyungsang generations through a comparison with Seoul Korean. Thirty-nine female Korean speakers differing in dialect (Kyungsang, Seoul) and age (older, younger) produced words varying in initial stops and lexical accent patterns, for which voice onset time and fundamental frequency (F0) at vowel onset were measured. This study first confirms previous findings regarding age and dialectal variation in distinguishing the three Korean stops. In addition, we report age variation in the use of voice onset time and F0 for the stops in Kyungsang Korean, with younger speakers using F0 more than older speakers as a cue to the stop distinction. This age variation is accounted for by the reduced lexical tonal properties of Kyungsang Korean and the increased influence of Seoul Korean. A comparison of the specific cue weighting across speaker groups also reveals that younger Kyungsang speakers pattern with Seoul speakers who arguably follow the enhancing F0 role of the innovative younger Seoul speakers. The shared cue weighting pattern across generations and dialects suggests that each speaker group changes the acoustic cue weighting in a similar direction.
Regret-Based Decision-Making Style Acts as a Dispositional Factor in Risky Choices
Authors: Lauriola Marco , Panno Angelo , Weller Joshua A.
Published: July 2018

People who anticipate the potential regret of one’s decisions are believed to act in a more risk-averse manner and, thus, display fewer risk-taking behaviors across many domains. We conducted two studies to investigate whether individual differences in regret-based decision-making (a) reflect a unitary cognitive-style dimension, (b) are stable over time, and (c) predict later risk-taking behavior. In Study 1, 332 participants completed a regret-based decision-making style scale (RDS) to evaluate its psychometric qualities. In Study 2, participants ( N = 119) were tested on two separate occasions to assess the association between RDS and risk-taking. At Time 1, participants completed the RDS, as well as trait measures of anxiety and depression. One month later, they completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and state mood (Positive/Negative affect) scales. The RDS had a sound unidimensional factorial structure and was stable over time. Further, higher reported RDS scores were significantly associated with less risk-taking on the BART, holding other variables constant. These studies suggest that individual differences in regret-based decision-making may lead to a more cautious approach to real-world risk behaviors.
Related Variables of Behavioral and Emotional Problems and Personal Growth of Hospitalized Children’s Siblings: Mothers’ and Other Main Caregivers’ Perspectives
Authors: Niinomi Kazuteru , Fukui Minae
Published: July 2018

The psychological well-being of the siblings of hospitalized children is at risk. This study examined the variables related to siblings’ internalizing problems and personal growth during hospitalization from the perspectives of mothers and other main caregivers who temporarily assumed the main caregiver role to the siblings of hospitalized children in place of mothers in the period of children’s hospitalization. A cross-sectional, exploratory survey conducted in Japan examined 113 mothers’ and 90 other main caregivers’ perspectives regarding the psychological state of 2- to 18-year-old siblings of hospitalized children. Mothers and/or other main caregivers of siblings during their brothers’ or sisters’ hospitalization completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Siblings’ Personal Growth Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with Child Behavior Checklist internalizing problems and total Siblings’ Personal Growth Scale scores as dependent variables for mothers’ and caregivers’ perspectives. From mothers’ perspectives, environmental factors that change with hospitalization affected siblings. From the perspectives of the other main caregivers, children’s and families’ demographic factors affected siblings’ psychological state. Frequency of e-mail contact between mothers and siblings, explanation of the hospitalized child’s condition, and hospital visitation rules ( F = 5.88, P = .001) explained 12.3% of variance in mothers’ Siblings’ Personal Growth Scale scores. Among other main caregivers, 11.6% of variance in the Child Behavior Checklist scores was explained by hospitalized children’s birth order and main caregiver’s prehospitalization residence ( F = 5.51, P = .006). Results suggest that the perceived variables related to siblings’ psychological changes differ between mothers and other main caregivers.
How healthy are children one year after discharge from nutritional rehabilitation centres?
Authors: Pandey Pavan , Jain Sneha , Sharma Arushi
Published: July 2018

Nutritional rehabilitation centres (NRCs) have been established to ensure the nutritional recovery of severely malnourished children. The long-term nutritional outcomes in children discharged from NRCs have not been described. In this retrospective cohort study, the nutritional status of 514 children was assessed one year after discharge. Household and maternal data, as well as data regarding variables related to the children’s stay at the NRC, were collected. A total of 33.4% had moderate malnutrition and 11.7% had severe malnutrition. The mean weight for height Z-score at admission, discharge and one year after discharge were −3.61, −1.90 and −2.34, respectively. Thus, long-term monitoring and follow-up of children discharged from NRCs till they achieve normal nutritional status is mandatory.
Maternal knowledge, attitude and practices during childhood diarrhoea
Authors: Dhingra Dhulika , Dabas Aashima , Anand Tanu , Pinnamaneni Ramya
Published: July 2018

Diarrhoea and pneumonia account for most deaths in children aged < 5 years. However, most diarrhoeal deaths are preventable with appropriate hygienic measures and timely initiation of rehydration therapy.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 mothers with children aged 2–59 months with acute watery diarrhoea at a tertiary hospital.

One-fifth of respondents were illiterate and only one-third of mothers pre-treated water to make it drinkable. Mean knowledge scores for hand washing, diarrhoea prevention and complications of diarrhoea were poor, though higher in educated mothers ( P < 0.05). Scores were similar for the first episode or repeat episodes of diarrhoea. Only 50.4% and 55.2% mothers knew the correct method of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) preparation and administration, respectively.

Lack of adequate maternal knowledge and practices concerning childhood diarrhoea highlights the need for patient counselling and education, especially among the illiterate in India.
Women’s Pathways to Crime: A Heuristic Typology of Offenders
Authors: DeHart Dana D.
Published: July 2018

The current study proposes a heuristic model for classification of female offenders into groups based on key variables relevant to women’s backgrounds and programming needs. We utilize a mixed-methods approach with a sample of 60 women incarcerated in a maximum-security prison. We develop qualitative, person-centered groupings of female offenders, and then use quantitative analyses to provide more detailed data on each group. Findings demonstrate five distinct groupings: aggressive career offenders, women who killed or assaulted persons in retaliation or self-defense, women who maltreated children, substance-dependent women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), and social capital offenders. These findings lend support to prior research on pathways and typologies of women’s offending, and decision rules effectively “triage” cases according to most pressing needs. The model offers unique utility for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working with women in the criminal legal system.
Identification of Damavand tokamak using fractional order dynamic neural network
Authors: Aslipour Zeinab , Yazdizadeh Alireza
Published: July 2018

The Damavand tokamak is a small size research machine for fusion-related studies. This paper is motivated by the need to create an accurate nonlinear subspace model that may be used for controller design. The system is identified based on a newly introduced Fractional Order Dynamic Neural Network (FODNN) optimized by evolutionary computation. The proposed method, owing to its rich structure, is appropriate for modeling of the complicated behavior of the plasma and its instability. In the proposed method, a Lyapunov-like analysis is used to derive a stable new learning rule for updating the proposed FODNN weights. To achieve optimal value for fractional order of the proposed FODNN, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed. The performance of the proposed identifier is verified by using experimental data and the results are also compared with the integer order dynamic neural network identifier. The results show that there is a bound for the “identification error” that vanishes to zero as time tends to infinity. Furthermore, the comparison of the results achieved by the proposed method and those of the integer order dynamic neural network depicts higher accuracy of the proposed FODNN.
Between Two Worlds
Authors: Das Mitra
Published: July 2018

This essay is a personal narrative of events depicting the challenges of migration when one is wedged between two distinct societies, living as an immigrant in the United States and still bound by the family values and norms of the native homeland. It gives a nuanced understanding, an inside look from the viewpoint of the storyteller who has experienced the events in real time and space, as these were effected by historical time, society, and culture. It is a detailed account highlighting the intersection of gender, family, ethnicity, and culture that affects the process of migration as immigrants traverse between opposing and different cultures. It is a prototype of an essential American story.
Preliminary Study of Chronic Liver Classification on Ultrasound Images Using an Ensemble Model
Authors: Bharti Puja , Mittal Deepti , Ananthasivan Rupa
Published: July 2018

Chronic liver diseases are fifth leading cause of fatality in developing countries. Their early diagnosis is extremely important for timely treatment and salvage life. To examine abnormalities of liver, ultrasound imaging is the most frequently used modality. However, the visual differentiation between chronic liver and cirrhosis, and presence of heptocellular carcinomas (HCC) evolved over cirrhotic liver is difficult, as they appear almost similar in ultrasound images. In this paper, to deal with this difficult visualization problem, a method has been developed for classifying four liver stages, that is, normal, chronic, cirrhosis, and HCC evolved over cirrhosis. The method is formulated with selected set of “handcrafted” texture features obtained after hierarchal feature fusion. These multiresolution and higher order features, which are able to characterize echotexture and roughness of liver surface, are extracted by using ranklet, gray-level difference matrix and gray-level co-occurrence matrix methods. Thereafter, these features are applied on proposed ensemble classifier that is designed with voting algorithm in conjunction with three classifiers, namely, k–nearest neighbor (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), and rotation forest. The experiments are conducted to evaluate the (a) effectiveness of “handcrafted” texture features, (b) performance of proposed ensemble model, (c) effectiveness of proposed ensemble strategy, (d) performance of different classifiers, and (e) performance of proposed ensemble model based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) features to differentiate four liver stages. These experiments are carried out on database of 754 segmented regions of interest formed by clinically acquired ultrasound images. The results show that classification accuracy of 96.6% is obtained by use of proposed classifier model.
PD‐L1 Expression and Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in High‐Risk and Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Amoils Misha , Kim Jinah , Lee Carolyn , Sunwoo John B. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Aasi Sumaira Z. , Hollmig S. Tyler , Ma Yifei , Divi Vasu
Published: July 2018

Objective

To characterize programmed death–ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) positivity for locally aggressive or regionally metastatic cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (cHNSCC).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review, followed by immunohistochemical staining of archived tumor specimens.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

After identification of 101 patients treated surgically for locally advanced or regionally metastatic cHNSCC, archived tissue was stained and graded for PD‐L1 expression in addition to TIL presence. Cross‐tabulation was performed to examine the association between either of these variables and clinicopathologic features and outcomes.

Results

A total of 101 patients met inclusion criteria, but archived tissue was available only for 83 (31 primaries, 52 metastases). The majority of primary tumors demonstrated grade 1 PD‐L1 staining, while grade 2 staining was more likely for metastases. Neither high‐ nor low‐grade PD‐L1 expression correlated with any clinicopathologic variable for primary tumors. However, for metastases, high‐grade staining was significantly associated with regional recurrence (15 of 19, P =. 02). TILs were present for 65% of primary tumors and 90% of regional metastases but did not correlate with any clinicopathologic variables.

Conclusion

Diffuse expression of PD‐L1 in this study highlights the possibility of using immunotherapy in the form of programmed death 1/PD‐L1 blockade to improve treatment for this devastating disease. However, further studies are needed to clarify the significance of PD‐L1 expression and TIL positivity for locally advanced or regionally metastatic cHNSCC.
Arch branch endografts for arch aneurysms associated with bovine anomaly
Authors: Law Y , Chan YC , Cheng SW
Published: July 2018

Bovine aortic arch is known to be associated with an increased rate of aortic arch expansion. The most frequently observed human variant of bovine aortic arch is a common origin of the innominate trunk and left common carotid artery. This is a report of two patients who had successful custom-made arch branch endograft treatment for an arch aneurysm associated with bovine arch anomaly. Modular endovascular repair of aortic arch aneurysms using an inner-branched device adds to the armamentarium of treatment options, and is a minimally invasive management modality without the need for sternotomy or intraoperative extracorporeal bypass.
An infrequent complication of a not so infrequent disease. Hit by HIT
Authors: Sandoval Elena , Ascaso María , Quintana Eduard , Pereda Daniel
Published: July 2018

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is not uncommon in cardiac surgery. Thrombosis is the most frequent complication. A 77-year-old man suffered cardiac arrest due to right coronary emboli. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed tissue valve thrombosis. He required support with an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator that also thrombosed. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was diagnosed, and anticoagulation was switched to argatroban. Heparin- induced thrombocytopenia normally presents as vascular thrombosis. In this case, the first symptom was tissue valve thrombosis causing an acute coronary syndrome. It is not an uncommon complication and should be considered if unexpected thrombosis and a sudden drop in platelet count develops after heparin exposure.
Variation law of adsorption heat of methane and coal with inhomogeneous potential well
Authors: Feng Zeng-Chao , Wang Chen , Zhou Dong , Zhao Dong
Published: July 2018

The non-uniform structures of coal deposits make potential well distribution on the coal surface inhomogeneous. Deep potential wells adsorb methane molecules more easily than shallow potential wells. The methane adsorption heat release differs according to the depths of the potential wells. During isobaric adsorption, the adsorption heat in the high-temperature stage is significantly higher than that in the low-temperature stage. A lower adsorption pressure results in greater adsorption heat variation during a temperature increase. During the isothermal adsorption process, the adsorption heat is higher in the low-pressure stage, with the preferential adsorption characteristics of deep potential wells.
Responsibility inferences and judgments about helping older parents and stepparents
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Russell Luke , Sanner Caroline , Chapman Ashton , Ko Kwangman , Coleman Marilyn
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of responsibility inferences on judgments about helping older parents and stepparents with activities of daily living, health management, and recovery in the aftermath of an illness or injury. Using Weiner’s theory of responsibility inferences as a guiding framework, we evaluated (1) the amount of intergenerational aid adult (step)children should provide, (2) the extent to which adult (step)children were perceived to be obligated to help, (3) the extent to which government agencies should assist, and (4) attitudes about older adults’ responsibilities to help themselves. A sample of 252 adults was obtained using the Qualtrics online survey platform. Hypotheses derived from Weiner’s theory received support regarding responsibility inferences and perceptions about public assistance and personal responsibility to resolve problems. The theory was only partially supported, however, when examining intergenerational help to older kin, being at fault reduced expectations for providing help only under some conditions, and perceived obligations to kin were never affected by culpability.
Update on the EMI for Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Greenwood Charles R. , Walker Dale , Buzhardt Jay , Irvin Dwight , Schnitz Alana G. , Jia Fan
Published: July 2018

Universal screening and progress monitoring measures are increasingly of interest to early interventionists who make decisions about the services provided to young children. A measure of infant-toddlers’ growth in early movement, the Early Movement Indicator (EMI), was reported in 2002. However, the EMI has remained an experimental measure based on a small sample and not used broadly by practitioners in real-world programs. We addressed this limitation by advancing knowledge the EMIs scalability through a website and improved psychometrics in a large sample. Results indicated that the EMI was (a) scalable evidenced by a large volume of early childhood staff users in programs in five states with 628 children and 2,258 individual EMI assessments, (b) sensitive to growth over time, (c) comprised of a complex continuum of skill development, and (d) influenced by moderators (i.e., home language, Individual Family Service Plan [IFSP] status). Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The politics of a natural laboratory: Claiming territory and governing life in the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Hennessy Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

The Galápagos Islands are often called a natural laboratory of evolution. This metaphor provides a powerful way of understanding space that, through scientific research, conservation and tourism, has shaped the archipelago over the past century. Combining environmental histories of field science with political ecologies of conservation biopower, this article foregrounds the territorial production of the archipelago as a living laboratory. In the mid-twentieth century, foreign naturalists used the metaphor to make land claims as they campaigned to create the Galápagos National Park and Charles Darwin Research Station. Unlike earlier ‘parks for science’, these institutions were not established under colonial rule, but through postwar institutions of transnational environmental governance that nonetheless continued colonial approaches to nature protection. In the following decades, the metaphor became a rationale for territorial management through biopolitical strategies designed to ensure isolation by controlling human access and introduced species. This article’s approach extends the scope of what is at stake in histories of field science: not only the production of knowledge and authority of knowledge claims, but also the foundation of global environmental governance and authority over life and death in particular places. Yet while the natural laboratory was a powerful geographical imagination, analysis shows that it was also an unsustainable goal.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Revision Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Capsulolabral Repair
Authors: Bradley James P. , Arner Justin W. , Jayakumar Sachidhanand , Vyas Dharmesh
Published: July 2018

Background:

Risk factors and outcomes of revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair of the shoulder are currently not well defined.

Hypothesis:

Athletes who require revision arthroscopic posterior unidirectional capsulolabral repair will have poorer outcomes and return to play when compared with those undergoing primary procedures, with risk factors including younger age, injury size, bone loss, and anchor number.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 297 shoulders that underwent arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair at minimum 2-year follow-up were reviewed. In addition to surgical data, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring system with subjective stability, range of motion, strength, and pain scores as well as return to sport were compared pre- and postoperatively between those who did and did not require revision surgery. Magnetic resonance arthrogram measurements of glenoid labral, chondral, and bone version and labral and bone width were also compared.

Results:

Nineteen shoulders required revision surgery (6.4%) at 8.9-year follow-up. Significant risk factors included female sex ( P = .001), dominant shoulder ( P = .005), and concomitant rotator cuff injury ( P = .029). Patients with ≤3 anchors were more likely to require revision (odds ratio = 3.48). Smaller glenoid bone width was a risk factor for requiring future revision surgery ( P < .001), but glenoid labral, chondral, and bone version and labral width were not risk factors. All patients had significant improvements in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, pain, range of motion, and strength scores after the original surgery; however, those who required revision surgery had less improvement ( P < .05). Stability improved significantly for nonrevisions ( P < .001) but did not for revisions ( P = .662). In the nonrevision group, 64.3% returned to sport at the same level, which was significantly higher than the 15.4% of the revision group ( P = .004). Overall, 78.6% of the nonrevision group and 61.6% of the revision group returned to sport at some level ( P = .280).

Conclusion:

Athletes underwent revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repair at an incidence of 6.4%. Revision patients had significantly poorer outcome scores and return to play when compared with those who did not undergo revision surgery with risk factors being dominant shoulder surgery, female sex, concomitant rotator cuff injury, the use of 3 or fewer anchors, and smaller glenoid bone width. These data are essential for patient selection, optimal treatment techniques, and patient education as posterior shoulder instability failure requiring revision has not previously been evaluated.
A stochastic multi-agent system for Internet of Things-enabled waste management in smart cities
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Theodoros , Zaslavsky Arkady , Sosunova Inna , Fedchenkov Petr , Medvedev Alexey , Ntalianis Klimis , Skourlas Christos , Rybin Andrei , Khoruznikov Sergei
Published: July 2018

The population of the Earth is moving towards urban areas forming smart cities (SCs). Waste management is a component of SCs. We consider a SC which contains a distribution of waste bins and a distribution of waste trucks located in the SC sectors. Bins and trucks are enabled with Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and actuators. Prior approaches focus mainly on the dynamic scheduling and routing issues emerging from IoT-enabled waste management. However, less research has been done in the area of the stochastic reassignment process during the four seasons of the year over a period of two years. In this paper we aim to stochastically reassign trucks to collect waste from bins through time. We treat this problem with a multi-agent system for stochastic analyses.
Epilepsy in Propionic Acidemia: Case Series of 14 Saudi Patients
Authors: AlGhamdi Afnan , Alrifai Muhammad Talal , Al Hammad Abdullah I. , Al Mutairi Fuad , Alswaid Abdulrahman , Eyaid Wafaa , Alfadhel Majid
Published: July 2018

Propionic acidemia is an inborn error of metabolism that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is characterized by a deficient propionyl-CoA carboxylase due to mutations in either of its beta or alpha subunits. In the literature, there is a clear association between propionic acidemia and epilepsy. In this cohort, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 14 propionic acidemia patients in Saudi Arabia and compared the findings to those of former studies. Six of the 14 (43%) patients developed epileptic seizure, mainly focal seizures. All patients were responsive to conventional antiepileptic drugs as their seizures are controlled. The predominant electroencephalographic (EEG) findings were diffuse slowing in 43% and multifocal epileptiform discharges in 14% of the patients. In 1 patient, burst suppression pattern was detected, a pattern never before reported in patients with propionic acidemia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings mainly consisted of signal changes of the basal ganglia (36%), generalized brain atrophy (43%), and delayed myelination (43%).The most common genotype in our series is the homozygous missense mutation in the PCCA gene (c.425G>A; p. Gly142Asp). However, there is no clear genotype–seizure correlation. We conclude that seizure is not an uncommon finding in patients with propionic acidemia and not difficult to control. Additional studies are needed to further elaborate on genotype–seizure correlation.
Phobic Discourses of the Far Right: The Case of Volen Siderov
Authors: Sygkelos Yannis
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on one of the factors that is conducive to the rise of the far right in current European societies: the articulation of phobic discourses. Far-right leadership has engaged in a systematic manipulation of phobias that lie in fears, anxieties, and discomfort towards the unknown and unfamiliar, omnipresent in our globalised world. This article investigates a set of phobic discourses articulated by the leader of the far-right Bulgarian political party ATAKA, Volen Siderov, but not uncommon in other far-right parties. More specifically, it explores ethnophobia, implying that the nation is withering away and that the country is being transformed into a mere colony, focusing on the topoi of “treachery and disaster” and “threatened identity.” It then examines Islamophobia, encapsulating a fear of Islam and a fear of a threat from within, that is, the Muslim minority. Within this framework, the topoi of “perpetual cultural confrontation with Islam” and “religious terrorism” are analyzed. Last, it analyzes Romaphobia, denoting fear towards the marginalised group of Roma, and within this framework, the topoi of the “demographic explosion of Roma” and the “bad human capital.” Such phobic discourses are emphasised by the far right for electoral benefit.
Mapping the Post-communist Class Structure: Findings from a New Multidimensional Hungarian Class Survey
Authors: Albert Fruzsina , Dávid Beáta , Kmetty Zoltán , Kristóf Luca , Róbert Péter , Szabó Andrea
Published: July 2018

In this article, we define a schema for the class structure of Hungary, in which we consider a case for an Eastern-European capitalist system emerging from post-communist societies. Our schema is based on the findings of the Hungarian Class Survey, 2014. Using six measures of Bourdieusian economic, cultural, and social capital and applying the methodology of latent class analysis (LCA), we have constructed a model of eight LCA-based classes: upper class, cultural middle class, affluent middle class, young urban consumers, network-embedded rural workers, young drifters, middle-aged deprived, and the precariat. Hungarian society seems to be quite hierarchical but is also fragmented within the upper and lower strata. Status inconsistency in terms of possessing economic, cultural, and social capital is strongly present even for the middle classes. There is a clear divide in our class model between the upper four and the lower four classes, in terms of vertical and nonvertical aspects of social stratification. We also compare our new multidimensional class typology to the traditional occupation-based one and demonstrate its added value for class analysis in Hungary.
Association Between Preconception Care and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Jourabchi Zinat , Sharif Sazlina , Lye Munn Sann , Saeed Asefzadeh , Khor Geok Lin , Tajuddin Syed Hassan Syed
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the association between preconception care and the risk of adverse birth outcomes.

Design:

A quasi-experimental study comparing 2 groups: (1) integrated maternal health care (MHC) program (with preconception care) and (2) standard MHC program (without preconception care).

Setting:

Maternal health-care clinics in Alvand and Qazvin cities in Qazvin Province, Iran.

Participants:

A total of 152 and 247 Iranian women aged 16 to 35 years were enrolled in the integrated MHC and standard MHC program, respectively.

Measures:

The birth outcomes measured included low birth weight, preterm birth, maternal and neonatal complications, and mode of delivery (normal vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery).

Analysis:

Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the impact of preconception care and risk of adverse birth outcomes with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as effect sizes.

Results:

One hundred forty-seven women in integrated MHC and 218 women in standard MHC completed this study. Preconception care was associated with reduced risk of preterm birth (OR = 0.298; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.120-0.743; P = .009), low birth weight (OR = 0.406; 95% CI = 0.169-0.971; P = .043), maternal complication (OR = 0.399; 95% CI = 0.241-0.663; P < .001), and neonatal complications (OR = 0.460; 95% CI = 0.275-0.771; P = .003).

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study revealed advantages of preconception care with reduced adverse birth outcomes.
Few European Adults are Living a Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Marques Adilson , Peralta Miguel , Martins João , Loureiro Vânia , Almanzar Paola Cortés , de Matos Margarida Gaspar
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

This study aimed to measure healthy lifestyle for European adults.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Settings:

In 20 European countries.

Participants:

A total of 34 993 (16 749 men, 18 244 women) European adults.

Measures:

Data were from the 2014 European Social Survey (n = 34 993) on 4 modifiable behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, not drinking alcohol to excess, and not smoking) as well as sleep quality.

Analysis:

Behaviors were combined and formed a healthy lifestyle measure. Binary logistic regression was done to determine associations of healthy lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results:

Only 5.8% of the adults reported a healthy lifestyle. The prevalence of having a healthy lifestyle varied among European countries. The lowest rates were in Hungary (1.3%) and Czech Republic (1.9%). The highest rates were in United Kingdom (8.6%) and Finland (9.2%). Those who presented a higher likelihood of having a healthy lifestyle were middle age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), older people (OR = 1.34), having higher household income (OR = 1.33), being a student (OR = 1.38), and retired (OR = 1.31). Those less likely to have a healthy lifestyle were lived without a partner (OR = 0.82), unemployed (OR = 0.73), and lived in rural areas (OR = 0.86).

Conclusions:

Few European adults were practicing 5 healthy behaviors. This should be a message for governments and be considered in the establishment of preventive public policies in the areas of health and health education.
Polypropylene composites reinforced with hybrid inorganic fillers: Morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties
Authors: Mittal Prakhar , Naresh Shiva , Luthra Priyanka , Singh Amardeep , Dhaliwal Jatinder Singh , Kapur Gurpreet Singh
Published: July 2018

Mineral fillers like talc and mica are commonly used in the plastic industry because of their tendency to alter the properties of thermoplastic materials. Polypropylene (PP)-talc (PTC), PP-mica (PMC), and PP-talc/mica hybrid composites (PHC) were prepared. Results indicated that filler particle size, type, and content greatly influence the mechanical and rheological properties of the composites. Shear viscosity decreased with the increase in shear rate. At 40°C, an increase of approximately 120% in storage modulus ( E′) was observed in PMC composites. C parameter increased, whereas reinforcing efficiency ( r) decreased with the increase in filler loading. Percent elongation of each type of composites decreased with the increase in filler loading. Tensile modulus of PTC composite increased significantly by 103% (571 MPa) at 20% loading of talc, whereas for PHC and PMC composites, increase of 93% (543 MPa) and 81% (511 MPa) was observed. Flexural modulus also increased considerably by 88% (2413 MPa), 80% (2313 MPa), and 62% (2084 MPa) of PTC, PHC, and PMC composites at 20% filler loading.
Design and modeling of a compliant tip-tilt-piston micropositioning stage with a large rotation range
Authors: Chen Guozhen , Ding Ye , Zhu Xiaobo , Liu Pinkuan , Ding Han
Published: July 2018

In compliant tip-tilt-piston micropositioning stages, it is difficult to achieve a large rotation range using small air–gap voice coil actuators. With a smaller air gap, the voice coil actuators can produce a larger output force; however, the coil of the voice coil actuator touches the stator as the stage rotates. This paper presents the mechanical design, modeling and experimental tests of a novel large-angle tip-tilt-piston stage driven using four small air-gap voice coil actuators. In order to prevent the occurrence of undesired contact between the coil and stator, a compliant decoupling mechanism is introduced to minimize the transverse displacement of the coil of the voice coil actuator. An improved substructure method based on the compliance matrix is applied to calculate the rotational stiffness of the stage and transverse displacement of the coil. Lagrange’s equation is used to obtain the dynamic resonant frequencies. Based on this, an optimization procedure is proposed for determining the design parameters of the stage. The finite element analysis is performed to verify the theoretical calculation. Finally, a prototype of the stage is fabricated, and experiments are conducted to validate the feasibility of the stage. The proposed stage can achieve rotational–motion strokes of 83.18 mrad and 82.26 mrad in the working axes, for which the rotational mode frequencies are 55.45 Hz and 56.09 Hz, respectively. The motion resolution of the stage is ±6.67 μrad. The maximum transverse displacement of the coil of the voice coil actuator is 10.98 µm, which is negligible as compared to the air gap (0.38 mm) of the voice coil actuator. In summary, a tip-tilt-piston stage was designed to achieve a large rotation range using small-air-gap voice coil actuators.
Iterative learning control with complex conjugate gradient optimization algorithm for multiaxial road durability test rig
Authors: Wang Xiao , Cong Dacheng , Yang Zhidong , Xu Shengjie , Han Junwei
Published: July 2018

Service load replication performed on multiaxial hydraulic test rigs has been widely applied in automotive engineering for durability testing in laboratory. The frequency-domain off-line iterative learning control is used to generate the desired drive file, i.e. the input signals which drive the actuators of the test rig. During the iterations an experimentally identified linear frequency-domain system model is used. As the durability test rig and the specimen under test have a strong nonlinear behavior, a large number of iterations are needed to generate the drive file. This process will cause premature deterioration to the specimen unavoidably. In order to accelerate drive file construction, a method embedding complex conjugate gradient algorithm into the conventional off-line iterative learning control is proposed to reproduce the loading conditions. The basic principle and monotone convergence of the method is presented. The drive signal is updated according to the complex conjugate gradient and the optimal learning gain. An optimal learning gain can be obtained by an estimate loop. Finally, simulations are carried out based on the identified parameter model of a real spindle-coupled multiaxial test rig. With real-life spindle forces from the wheel force transducer in the proving ground test to be replicated, the simulation results indicate that the proposed conventional off-line iterative learning control with complex conjugate gradient algorithm allows generation of drive file more rapidly and precisely compared with the state-of-the-art off-line iterative learning control. Few have been done about the proposed method before. The new method is not limited to the durability testing and can be extended to other systems where repetitive tracking task is required.
Pre-load on the guiding/stabilizing wheels and the critical lateral force of a straddle-type monorail vehicle
Authors: Zhang Rang , Ji Yuanjin , Ren Lihui
Published: July 2018

The anti-overturning ability of a straddle-type monorail vehicle is influenced by the contact status between the guiding and stabilizing wheels and the track beam; therefore, an initial pre-load is required for the stabilizing and guiding wheels to enhance the anti-overturning ability of the straddle-type monorail vehicle. Determining the reasonable pre-load for the stabilizing and guiding wheels is a significant problem in the operation of a straddle-type monorail vehicle. D’Alembert’s principle has been adopted to transform the dynamic problem that straddle-type monorail vehicle runs on curve segment to the statics problem. The formula describing the relationship between the critical lateral force of the vehicle and the pre-load of the stabilizing wheels is derived from the lateral roll equation of the straddle monorail vehicle and is verified using the multibody dynamics software UM. Subsequently, the reasonable pre-load for the stabilizing wheels is analyzed from the perspectives of comfort and safety based on the formula of critical lateral force. Finally, the maximum and minimum speed limits on a curve for a straddle-type monorail vehicle are discussed based on the aforementioned analysis.
Catalytic activity of CaO-based catalyst in transesterification of microalgae oil with methanol
Authors: Çakırca Emine E , N Tekin Gizem , İlgen Oğuzhan , N Akın Ayşe
Published: July 2018

In this work, activities of modified dolomite catalysts using calcium acetate in the heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of microalgae oil with methanol were investigated. Modified catalysts were prepared via wet impregnation method and calcined 850°C for 2 h. Reaction conditions were examined as the catalyst type, amount of catalyst, methanol/microalgae oil molar ratio, and reusability of the catalyst using the dolomite and modified dolomite catalysts. When investigated reusability of the modified dolomite catalyst in the transesterification of microalgae oil with methanol, catalyst was reused three times with a small loss of activity. After fourth run, reused catalyst was calcined again and got similar activity to the first run. The highest fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield of 90% was obtained when the reaction was performed with methanol/microalgae oil molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 3%, and reaction temperature at 65°C for 3 h by using the 30% CaO/dolomite catalyst.