bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL114A alloy under directional solidification
Authors: He Tao , Xu Yajun , Huo Yuanming , Du Xiangyang , Yi Xiaojie , Dong Xingqian
Published: July 2020

Directional solidification (DS) processing parameters have significant influence on microstructure of ZL114A alloy. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize DS processing parameters to control its properties. This work is aimed at studying the effect rule of DS processing parameters on
microstructure of ZL114A alloy. The specimens of this alloy were prepared using high-vacuum DS equipment. In the process of DS, temperatures change from 700 °C to 800 °C, and pulling rates increase from 100 μm/s to 200 m/s. Microstructure of specimens was investigated using
scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of specimens were measured by means of universal tension tester and microhardness tester. Effects of melt temperatures and pulling rates on the microstructures and mechanical properties were
studied and discussed. Experimental results show that the microstructure can be improved with the decrease in melting temperatures and the increase in pulling rates. However, the microstructure became coarser when the pulling rate is too higher. Therefore, a set of processing parameters were
optimized as melting temperature of 700 °C and pulling rate of 150 μm/s to improve the microstructure of ZL114A alloy.
A facile hydrothermal method to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots for detecting iron
Authors: Shen Yongling , Wu Hongyi , Wu Weihui , Zhou Lei , Dai Zhifei , Dong Shuangping
Published: July 2020

A new carbon source (mint) is proposed to prepare carbon dots with excellent photostability and strong photobleaching properties by one-step hydrothermal method. The average particle diameter for carbon dots is 5.0 nm, emitting blue luminescence, and the quantum yield is 4.5%. Fluorescence
can be obviously quenched in Fe3+ solution. Further, A method based on fluorescence quenching of carbon dots for detecting Fe3+ is established, which has a linear range of 0.5∼100 μM with a detection limit of 0.104 μM. This may provide an easy
and sensitive method for iron detection.
Outcomes in Patients Fully Covered With Coronary Artery Aneurysm and Stenosis Lesion by Second Generation Drug-Eluting Stents After 1 Year
Authors: Wu Zhiming , Xu Chen , You Wei , Ye Fei , Wu Xiangqi
Published: July 2020

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) fully covering a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and stenosis lesion. Patients (n = 33) with CAA and stenosis lesion (>60%) were enrolled between January 2014 and December 2017. Baseline characteristics and biochemical variables were recorded during hospital admission. Changes in CAA resolution (the reduction on CAA size), minimal lumen diameter (MLD), and diameter stenosis (DS) were determined before, just after, and 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). After DES implantation, MLD and DS after PCI were improved compared with those before PCI ( P < .01). Also, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction blood flow was significantly enhanced after PCI ( P < .01). One year after PCI, maximal CAA diameter in patients with CAA and stenosis lesion was significantly reduced compared with those just after PCI ( P < .01). Meanwhile, CAA resolution ratio in these patients were more than those just after PCI ( P < .01). Furthermore, there was a significant reduction about CAA length in these patients ( P < .01). Last, there were no clinical events (including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization) in the study. Second-generation DES implantation fully covering CAA and stenosis lesion was safe and effective.
Effects of nutrition knowledge, personal health and self-efficacy on food-related teaching practices of elementary school pre-service teachers
Authors: Coccia Catherine C , Tamargo Javier , Macchi Alison K
Published: July 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the impact of personal health, body mass index (BMI), nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy on classroom food-related beliefs and practices.

Design:

A cross-sectional design evaluated BMI, personal health index (PHI), nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy and food-related beliefs and practices of pre-service teachers.

Setting:

Pre-service teachers were recruited from upper division elementary education courses at a university in the southeast region of the USA. Participants ( n = 94) were Hispanic (65%), White (60%) and female (93%).

Method:

Participants completed a survey composed of validated questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling were used to examine the relationships between pre-service teachers’ personal nutrition factors and food-related teaching beliefs.

Results:

Results indicate that personal health factors, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy for teaching nutrition contribute to pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the school food environment and food-related teaching practices.

Conclusion:

Interventions focusing on student teachers’ personal health behaviours and nutrition knowledge may be helpful, as pre-service teachers develop their nutrition-related classroom behavioural intentions.
Lack of Clinical Benefit of Implantoplasty to Improve Implant Survival Rate
Authors: Ravidà A. , Siqueira R. , Saleh I. , Saleh M.H.A. , Giannobile A. , Wang H.L.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to compare postsurgical outcomes of resective treatment for peri-implantitis with and without implant surface modification (implantoplasty [IP]). This was accomplished by a retrospective analysis with data from patients with ≥1 implant who were surgically treated for peri-implantitis by resective therapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups regarding treatment approach: IP (test) and no IP (control). Retrospective data were obtained after implant placement (T0) and the day of peri-implantitis surgical treatment (T1). Patients were then recalled (≥1 y after T1) for clinical and radiographic examination (T2). The findings were conclusive. A total of 41 patients (68 implants; mean ± SD follow-up, 41.6 ± 24.4 mo) were included in this study. The survival rate at the implant level was 90% in the test group and 81.6% in the control group ( P > 0.05). Multilevel regression analysis showed that the probability of implant failure was influenced by marginal bone loss (MBL) at T1 and not surgical modality. For example, peri-implantitis defects ≥50% and 25% to 50% MBL were 18.6 and 8.86 times more likely to lose the implant, respectively, when compared with <25% MBL. Nonetheless, MBL changes were similar in the test and control groups ( P = 0.592). Similarly, changes in bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and suppuration at T2 did not differ between groups ( P > 0.05). Multilevel regression analysis indicated that clinical improvement of these parameters was influenced by the number of supportive peri-implant therapy visits ( P < 0.01). The results demonstrate little difference between the procedures. Regardless of the implant surface modification (IP) being performed or not, the survival rate of implants treated for peri-implantitis was primarily influenced by the amount of bone loss at the time of treatment. Other clinical parameters (MBL, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, suppuration) were influenced by the frequency of supportive peri-implant therapy visits and not by the IP procedure (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04259840).
Preferred Music Genre Benefits During Strength Tests: Increased Maximal Strength and Strength-Endurance and Reduced Perceived Exertion
Authors: Silva Nilson Ribeiro dos Santos , Rizardi Felipe Gabriel , Fujita Rafael Akira , Villalba Marina Mello , Gomes Matheus Machado
Published: July 2020

The ability to increase muscle strength seems to be influenced by extrinsic factors such as the characteristics of an exercise environment. Given that many people train while listening to music, the music environment is an important research topic. However, no studies have investigated whether a preferred music genre differentially affects strength production when compared to a non-preferred music genre. This study evaluated the influence of listening to varied conditions of musical genre preference on maximal strength and strength-endurance testing, and on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). We submitted 20 young men to three different listening conditions during strength testing: (a) preferred music genre (PMG), (b) non-preferred music genre (NPMG), and (c) no music (NM), with the order of these conditions randomized. We measured maximal strength with a handgrip dynamometer, strength-endurance through the participant’s maximal repetition execution in the lat-pulldown exercise, and RPE by participant-completed Borg’s scales at the end of the strength tests. Using three-way analyses of variances (ANOVAs) and a significance level of p < 0.05, we found that participants produced higher maximal strength, performed more repetitions of the lat-pulldown exercise, and reported decreased RPE in the PMG condition, compared to the NPMG (maximal strength p < 0.01, strength-endurance p < 0.01, RPE p = 0.016) and NM (maximal strength p < 0.01, strength-endurance p < 0.01, RPE p = 0.023) conditions. Individually determined PMG appears to improve maximal strength and strength-endurance performance during exercise, and to decrease RPE in the PMG condition.
Rotor-current-based fault detection for doubly-fed induction generator using new sliding mode observer
Authors: Yu Wenxin , Jiang Dan , Wang Junnian , Li Ruiqi , Yang Lu
Published: July 2020

To detect the fault of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), in this paper, a fault detection method of novel sliding mode observer is proposed, without a velocity sensor. In addition to better elimination of chattering for the new sliding mode observer, at the same time, it has better stability and faster convergence speed than the traditional sliding mode observer. Firstly, the sliding mode observer is built according to the mathematical model of the DFIG. Then, the rotor current and the rotational speed are estimated. After comparing the actual rotor current value with the observed value, the self-detection of the fault for the DFIG is realized. Secondly, three faults of grid voltage sags failure, DFIG inter-turn stator fault and rotor current sensor fault are given respectively. After that the Simulink simulation model is built under different fault conditions. It is proved by simulation that this sliding mode observer can well detect faults occurring at different positions. Additionally, it can also be proved that the sliding mode observer has the characteristics of fast response and good stability.
Oral Corticosteroid Regimens in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mansi Ahmed , Bui Roger , Chaaban Mohamad R.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Oral corticosteroids are often used in the medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without polyps. The purpose of our study is to review the literature for studies reporting the dosage of oral corticosteroids as part of the appropriate medical management prior to, immediately before, and after surgical intervention.

Methods:

We reviewed the literature for oral corticosteroid regimens given to patients with CRS from March 2012 to September 2018. Studies that did not disclose the exact doses of the regimen were excluded from our analysis.

Results:

Our search resulted in 7 articles with 4 studies of Level of Evidence (LOE) 1b, 2 studies with LOE III, and 1 study with LOE IV. The daily doses varied from 15 mg to 1 mg/kg, and with total doses ranging from 150 to 352 mg. In addition, several studies gave the same regimen to both subtypes of CRS. There was no mention of side effects in most of the studies.

Conclusion:

There is a wide variation in the steroid doses given to patients with CRS and prospective or randomized controlled trials are needed to provide better improved evidence.
Acute Calcific Tendinitis of the Longus Colli: Not All Retropharyngeal Fluid is an Abscess
Authors: Ko-Keeney Ellen , Fornelli Rick
Published: July 2020

Objective:

This report aimed to present a case of acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle as an uncommon cause of neck pain and dysphagia and is often misdiagnosed as a retropharyngeal abscess.

Methods:

Case report and literature review.

Results:

Acute calcific tendinitis is often misdiagnosed as a retropharyngeal abscess; however, it is distinguished from the latter based on patient history and unique radiologic findings. History, examination, and laboratory findings do not suggest an infectious etiology, and radiographic findings include a non-rim-enhancing fluid collection with or without calcifications anterior to the upper cervical spine.

Conclusion:

Unlike retropharyngeal abscess, acute calcific tendinitis is managed conservatively. When consulted for a possible retropharyngeal abscess, the otolaryngologist should avoid anchoring bias by independently obtaining a detailed history and examination and personally reviewing radiologic images to avoid unnecessary intervention.
Professional Values and Managerialist Practices: Values work by nurses in the emergency department
Authors: Wright April L. , Irving Gemma , Selvan Thevatas Kalai
Published: July 2020

Interest in values work – the purposeful effort of actors to create, maintain and disrupt the values of organizations, professions and other institutions – is growing among scholars. We ask: How do frontline professionals engage in values work while enacting managerialist practices inside organizations? We investigate this question using a case study of nurses enacting managerialist practices associated with time-efficient work flow in a hospital emergency department in Australia. Our findings show that professionals engage in values work by categorizing the values of the profession and taking actions within the managerialist practice to (1) defend a superordinate value category, (2) contain erosion of a subordinate value category, and (3) integrate a basic value category. Our study brings attention to how multiple values complicate the processes of values work when particular values become implicated in organizational practices. Frontline professionals become motivated and take actions to accomplish values within a relational system of multiple values according to relative importance and relevance to the local context. Our study offers a way forward for understanding the performance of values work within the ‘new normal’ for professions in contemporary organizational contexts.
Effectiveness of an Integrated Intervention Program for Alcoholism: Electrophysiological Findings
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Keshav Janakiprasad , Benegal Vivek , Roopesh Bangalore N. , Ravi Girikematha S.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Neuroelectrophysiological measures such as electroencephalograms (EEGs) in resting state and event-related potentials (ERPs) provide valuable information about the vulnerability and treatment-related changes in persons with alcoholism. This study examined the effectiveness of an Integrated Intervention Program for Alcoholism (IIPA) using electrophysiological measures.

Methods:

Fifty individuals with early onset of alcohol dependence participated. They were grouped randomly into two: the treatment as usual (TAU) group and the treatment group, matched on age (±1 year) and education (±1 year). eyes closed and resting state EEGs and ERPs on cognitive tasks (flanker task, alcohol Go/No-Go task, and single outcome gambling task) were recorded before and after treatment. The TAU group received pharmacotherapy, six days/week yoga sessions, and three sessions/week group therapy on relapse prevention while the treatment group received IIPA along with usual treatment (except yoga) for 18 days.

Results:

There was no significant difference between the groups pre-treatment. RM-ANOVA for pre- and post-treatment stages showed a significant difference between the two groups in the absolute power of alpha, beta, theta, and delta, during eye closure, in the resting-state EEGs. The treatment group showed significantly larger N200/N2 amplitude in congruent and incongruent conditions (flanker task), N200/N2 amplitude for alcohol No-Go, P300/P3 amplitude for neutral No-Go on alcohol Go/No-Go task, and outcome-related positivity (ORP) amplitude on single outcome gambling task.

Conclusion:

This exploratory study suggests that IIPA is effective for enhancing relaxation state and attentiveness, decreasing hyperarousal, and ameliorating neurocognitive dysfunctions of conflict-monitoring, response inhibition, and reward processing.
The preferences of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are to discuss palliative care plans with familiar respiratory clinicians, but to delay conversations until their condition deteriorates: A study guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Tavares Nuno , Hunt Katherine J , Jarrett Nikki , Wilkinson Tom MA
Published: July 2020

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an uncertain trajectory, which challenges prognostication and means that most patients are not involved in advance care planning and do not receive palliative and end-of-life care.

Aim:

To understand the preferences of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for discussions about palliative and advance care planning with clinicians.

Design:

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Data analysis was guided by principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis, of which symbolic interactionism and interpretation principles were employed throughout.

Setting/Participants:

A total of 33 British patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different stages of their disease trajectory were recruited.

Results:

Patients preferred to discuss palliative care with clinicians they perceived had greater levels of competency and authority in care and with whom they had an established relationship, usually a specialist. Patients favoured large amounts of information about treatments and care, but reported a lack of illness-related information and problems accessing appointments with clinicians. Consequently, patients deferred discussions to the future, usually once their condition had deteriorated significantly or planned to wait for clinicians to initiate conversations. This was not rooted in patient preferences, but related to clinicians’ lack of time, absence of an established relationship and belief that appointments were for managing current symptoms, exacerbations and disease factors rather than future care and preferences.

Conclusion:

Different perceptions, competing priorities and service rationing inhibit patients from initiating early discussions with clinicians, so palliative care conversations should be initiated by respiratory-expert clinicians who know the patient well. After a sudden deterioration in the patient’s condition may be a suitable time.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing burden from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Luckett Tim , San Martin Aljon , Currow David C , Johnson Miriam J , Barnes-Harris Matilda MM , Phillips Jane L
Published: July 2020

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer are both life-limiting diseases that confer burden in the form of symptoms and affect functioning and quality of life. Comparing burden between these diseases is of interest to determine whether people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease require improved access to Specialist Palliative Care. Access should be based on needs rather than diagnosis or prognosis but is limited for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to lung cancer.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to synthesise research comparing burden from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer to estimate relative need for Specialist Palliative Care.

Design:

A systematic review was conducted of observational quantitative studies published in English peer-reviewed journals comparing burden from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer (PROSPERO CRD42018108819). No limits were placed on disease stage. Meta-analyses were performed where studies used the same measure; otherwise, synthesis used a narrative approach. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool.

Data sources:

Electronic databases were searched in September 2019.

Results:

Of 790 articles returned, 13 were included, reporting 11 studies. Risk of bias was generally moderate. Except for pain, burden tended to be at least as substantial from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as from lung cancer, with breathlessness and impacts on functioning being significantly worse. Longitudinal studies suggest that people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease live with burden for longer.

Conclusion:

Efforts should be made to ensure that access to Specialist Palliative Care is commensurate with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease’s substantial and long-lasting burden. Future research should clarify whether managing burden in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer requires different approaches.
The function of microRNA-211 expression in post-fracture bone cell apoptosis involving the transforming growth factor-β/ phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Tongxin , Yang Dai , Wu Yuanpeng , Sheng Qingang
Published: July 2020

Background

The underlying mechanism of micro (mi)RNA-211 in bone cell apoptosis after fracture remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect and function of miRNA-211 in bone cell apoptosis in fracture patients.

Methods

Serum samples were collected from patients with fractures and healthy controls. Serum miR-211 expression was detected by quantitative PCR. MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β inhibitor and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The viability of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by the MTT assay, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Caspase-3/9 activity and the protein expression of TGF-β, PI3K, and p-Akt were detected by western blot and immunoprecipitation.

Results

In the fracture group, miRNA-211 expression was significantly up-regulated compared with controls. We used miRNA-211 mimics to up-regulate miRNA-211 expression, and observed inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. miRNA-211 up-regulation also suppressed the expression of TGF-β, PI3K, and p-Akt proteins. Conversely, miRNA-211 down-regulation increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis and LDH activity, as well as inducing the expression of TGF-β, PI3K, and p-Akt. Inhibiting TGF-β decreased the effect of anti-miRNA-211 on osteocyte apoptosis.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that miRNA-211 functions via the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in patients with fractures.
The other road to serfdom: The rise of the rentier class in post-Soviet economies
Authors: Sanghera Balihar , Satybaldieva Elmira
Published: July 2020

This article offers a moral economic critique of the transition to a market economy in the post-Soviet space. In a reversal of the classical ideal of a ‘free market’ (a market free from land rent, monopoly rent and interest), neoliberalism celebrates and promotes rent extraction, sometimes over wealth creation (Hudson, 2017). In freeing markets from government regulation, neoliberalism enables powerful economic actors to extract income by mere virtue of property rights that entitle them to a stream of income from their ownership and control of scarce assets (Sayer, 2015). Neoliberalism has created and expanded the role of rent and unearned income in post-Soviet economies (Mihalyi & Szelenyi, 2017). This article will show the diversity and significance of rent in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan that go beyond natural resources and illicit public and private rent-seeking. Using three case studies on finance, real estate and the judiciary in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, this article will examine how property relations, rentier activities and unearned income have been morally justified and normalized. Despite its moral legitimation, rentiership has been harmful and damaging. It has produced social inequalities and suffering, and has resulted in plutocracy and corruption.
Patterns of Mental Health Care in Remote Areas: Kimberley (Australia), Nunavik (Canada), and Lapland (Finland): Modèles de soins de santé mentale dans les régions éloignées: Kimberley (Australie), Nunavik (Canada) et Laponie (Finlande)
Authors: Salinas-Perez Jose A. , Gutierrez-Colosia Mencia R. , Furst Mary Anne , Suontausta Petra , Bertrand Jacques , Almeda Nerea , Mendoza John , Rock Daniel , Sadeniemi Minna , Cardoso Graça , Salvador-Carulla Luis
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Mental health (MH) care in remote areas is frequently scarce and fragmented and difficult to compare objectively with other areas even in the same country. This study aimed to analyze the adult MH service provision in 3 remote areas of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries in the world.

Methods:

We used an internationally agreed set of systems indicators, terminology, and classification of services (Description and Evaluation of Services and DirectoriEs for Long Term Care). This instrument provided a standard description of MH care provision in the Kimberley region (Australia), Nunavik (Canada), and Lapland (Finland), areas characterized by an extremely low population density and high relative rates of Indigenous peoples.

Results:

All areas showed high rates of deprivation within their national contexts. MH services were mostly provided by the public sector supplemented by nonprofit organizations. This study found a higher provision per inhabitant of community residential care in Nunavik in relation to the other areas; higher provision of community outreach services in the Kimberley; and a lack of day services except in Lapland. Specific cultural-based services for the Indigenous population were identified only in the Kimberley. MH care in Lapland was self-sufficient, and its care pattern was similar to other Finnish areas, while the Kimberley and Nunavik differed from the standard pattern of care in their respective countries and relied partly on services located outside their boundaries for treating severe cases.

Conclusion:

We found common challenges in these remote areas but a huge diversity in the patterns of MH care. The implementation of care interventions should be locally tailored considering both the environmental characteristics and the existing pattern of service provision.
Oil-based mud waste reclamation and utilisation in low-density polyethylene composites
Authors: Siddique Shohel , Yates Kyari , Matthews Kerr , Csetenyi Laszlo J , Njuguna James
Published: July 2020

Oil-based mud (OBM) waste from the oil and gas exploration industry can be valorised to tailor-made reclaimed clay-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites. This study aims to fill the information gap in the literature and to provide opportunities to explore the effective recovery and recycling techniques of the resources present in the OBM waste stream. Elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray fluorescence analysis, chemical structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis of LDPE/organo-modified montmorillonite (LDPE/MMT) and LDPE/OBM slurry nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been conducted. Further analysis including calorimetry, thermogravimetry, spectroscopy, microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out to evaluate the thermo-chemical characteristics of OBM waste and OBM clay-reinforced LDPE nanocomposites, confirming the presence of different clay minerals including inorganic salts in OBM slurry powder. The microscopic analysis revealed that the distance between polymer matrix and OBM slurry filler is less than that of MMT, which suggests better interfacial adhesion of OBM slurry compared with the adhesion between MMT and LDPE matrix. This was also confirmed by XRD analysis, which showed the superior delamination structure OBM slurry compared with the structure of MMT. There is a trend noticeable for both of these fillers that the nanocomposites with higher percentage filler contents (7.5 and 10.0 wt% in this case) were indicated to act as a thermal conductive material. The heat capacity values of nanocomposites decreased about 33% in LDPE with 7.5 wt% MMT and about 17% in LDPE with 10.0 wt% OBM slurry. It was also noted, for both nanocomposites, that the residue remaining after 1000°C increases with the incremental wt% of fillers in the nanocomposites. There is a big difference in residue amount (in %) left after thermogravimetric analysis in the two nanocomposites, indicating that OBM slurry may have significant influence in decomposing LDPE matrix; this might be an interesting area to explore in the future. The results provide insight and opportunity to manufacture waste-derived renewable nanocomposites with enhanced structural and thermal properties.
The Effects of Two Elementary School-Based Universal Preventive Interventions on Special Education Students’ Socioemotional Outcomes
Authors: Hart Shelley R. , Domitrovich Celene , Embry Dennis D. , Becker Kimberly , Lawson April , Ialongo Nicholas
Published: July 2020

A group, randomized, comparative effectiveness trial of two elementary universal preventive interventions (PAX Good Behavior Game [PAX GBG] and the integration of PAX GBG with Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies [PATHS to PAX]) was carried out in general education classrooms in 27 urban elementary schools. Ialongo et al. report on results of the trial for all students. Here, we examine the outcomes of students receiving special education services ( N = 650). A linear mixed model analysis of variance (ANCOVA) was conducted with school included as a random effect to examine planned comparisons between conditions. Significant interactions were probed using the Johnson–Neyman technique. For significant and trending results, effect sizes were calculated. Results demonstrated improvement for a number of socioemotional and behavioral variables for students in either intervention, however, the integration of PATHS to PAX appeared to have the most substantial impact for students in special education. Effect sizes ranged from 0.07 to 0.50.
The importance of a positive moral culture within healthcare organizations
Authors: Lukich Nikolija
Published: July 2020

Organizations possess a moral agency that affects all aspects of the care they provide and reflects the perception of morality within the organization. In practice, the method in which moral agency is applied and maintained within an organization directly influences its moral culture. Organizations function through a series of systems that work dynamically to achieve success. In order to implement the systems effectively, all employees, at every level, are responsible for cooperating and working together to uphold the mission, vision, and values of an organization, thereby contributing to a positive moral culture. Considerations must be made at a high organizational level, as well as at each individual level within an institution. This ensures that at its core, a healthcare organization is considered ethical, and all staff, students, and volunteers within it are acting in accordance with the established moral belief system. By creating and maintaining a positive moral culture, everyone benefits: patients receive effective and compassionate care, employees experience a feeling of pride in their work, and the community being served develops a relationship of trust with their local healthcare institution.
Fighting the Minotaur: Resistance to technological change in the Mediterranean sponge fishing industry, 1840-1922
Authors: Fourt Maïa , Faget Daniel , Pérez Thierry
Published: July 2020

In the first half of the nineteenth century, industrialization increased the demand for sponges extracted by the sponge fishermen of the Dodecanese Archipelago in the Aegean Sea. This had widespread repercussions, leading to increasing numbers of sponge fishermen, the geographical expansion of fishing zones and the evolution and diversification of fishing techniques. In this context, foreign sponge traders imposed the hard-hat diving suit, which enabled divers to remain underwater for several hours without surfacing. It was therefore perceived as being more efficient than traditional skin-diving. But this equipment greatly exacerbated the physical risks faced by the divers, with injuries and fatalities increasing markedly. It also required heavy financial investments that compounded the losses of fishermen and their families. With hindsight, these investments were catalysts of the major socio-economic upheaval that followed. As well as provoking mass revolt among the islanders of the Dodecanese, this entailed modifications in crews and community structure as a nascent model of capitalist organization marked the development of the sponge fishery.
The Mediterranean culture of fishing: Continuity and change in the world of Jewish fishermen, 1500–1929
Authors: Srougo Shai
Published: July 2020

This essay discusses the maritime Jews and their changing role in the fishing occupation in the Mediterranean sea. The first part presents the trends in historiography regarding the Thessalonikian Jewish fishermen in Ottoman and Post Ottoman periods. The second section explores the maritime world of Jewish fishermen in Ottoman Thessaloniki between the sixteenth and the twentieth centuries. We will establish the cultural identity of the Jewish fishermen, which expressed itself in Thermaikos Bay. The third part depicts the reasons for the collapse of the Jewish sea tenure in Greek Thessaloniki, especially between the years 1922-1924, and continues to describe one of the responses; the settlement of several fishing families in Acre (in Mandatory Palestine). Their experience in the new environment was short (1925-1929) and we will investigate the linkage between their cultural marginality in the core society to the failure of forming a Jewish maritime community in Acre.
Why maritime history?
Authors: Starkey David J.
Published: July 2020

After outlining the ways in which the parameters of the sub-discipline of maritime history changed during the 1980s and 1990s, the article focuses on why maritime history is a significant field of enquiry. Case studies of the Wilson Line, and the career of trawler skipper William Oliver, both based in Hull, exemplify the extraordinary and extreme extents to which human interaction with the marine environment – the essence of maritime history – can shape the lives of individuals and the societies in which they live.
The labours and golden apples of maritime history: Large-scale national and international research projects in Greece
Authors: Galani Katerina
Published: July 2020

Over the last decades, maritime history has evolved into one of the most dynamic, self-standing disciplines among Greek historical studies. The production of books and papers that probe the multilevel human interaction with the sea has been prolific, while Greek maritime historians exhibit an ever-growing presence in the international fora. This paper argues that the roots of this unprecedented boom lie in a series of large-scale research projects funded both by international and national agencies. It underlines the common features of these schemes that formulated a methodology, or rather a ‘school’ of maritime history, and introduces to a wider audience the most significant projects that are currently underway.
Fly low: The ground effect of a barn owl (Tyto alba) in gliding flight
Authors: Song Jialei
Published: July 2020

Birds take advantage of the ground effect to improve their flight performance by flying low over ground. In this paper, we created a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics model of a barn owl ( Tyto alba) to study its ground effect in gliding flight. A computational fluid dynamics simulation shows that the ground effect leads to increases in the lift/drag ratio and span efficiency. Interestingly, the span efficiency exceeds one when the bird is below a certain ground clearance ( h/ c = 0.8). Such an estimation is under the condition of different weight supports; hence, there is no fair comparison for many parameters. Therefore, we used a vortex induction model validated by computational fluid dynamics to estimate the aerodynamics at different ground clearances under a constant weight support. As the ground blocks the downwash of the bird, an image wake system can equivalently replace the ground, forming a vortex system with four components: the wake vortex, bound vortex, image wake vortex and image bound vortex. The vortex induction model shows the vertical flows induced by these four vortex components. Such vertical flow can be used to estimate the drag production on the bird. As the ground clearance decreases, the drag due to the wake vortex and its image counterpart as a whole decreases, while that due to the bound vortex and its image counterpart increases slightly and then decreases. The remaining drag, namely, the zero-lift drag, undergoes a shallow “U” shape as a function of the ground clearance. We also analyzed the streamwise flow induction using this model and showed that the streamwise flow is reduced due to the ground effect, which might cause insufficient weight support at low speeds.
Indigenous nurses’ practice realities of cultural safety and socioethical nursing
Authors: Hunter Kiri , Cook Catherine
Published: July 2020

Background:

Persistent healthcare emphasis on universal moral philosophy has not advantaged indigenous and marginalised groups. Centralising cultural components of care is vital to provide ethical healthcare services to indigenous people and cultural minorities internationally. Woods’ theoretical explication of how nurses can integrate cultural safety into a socioethical approach signposts ethical practice that reflects culturally congruent relational care and systemic critique.

Aim:

To demonstrate the empirical utility of Woods’ ethical elements of cultural safety within a socioethical model, through analysis of indigenous nurses’ practice realities in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Research design:

The study used a qualitative indigenous narrative inquiry.

Participants and research context:

Participants were recruited nationally. Twelve Māori registered nurses and nurse practitioners were interviewed. All participants provided direct care in either primary or secondary health services.

Ethical considerations:

Research approval was gained from the Human Ethics Committee of the lead author’s tertiary institution. Participation was voluntary, and written informed consent was obtained.

Findings:

Analysis highlighted the following: (1) cultural needs, which for Māori were integral to care, were easily subsumed by clinical care being prioritised; (2) ethical care by non-indigenous nurses requires critical reflection about broader equity issues that impact Māori disengagement from healthcare; (3) retention of indigenous nurses was seen as essential because their advocacy and the cultural ‘fit’ for Māori contributed to positive healthcare outcomes; and (4) committed leadership ensured culturally safe care was not eroded through workplace efficiencies.

Discussion:

The data provide rich representation of Woods’ model. The data indicate that nurses must engage reflexively with a relational ethic of care and social justice dimensions in order to deliver culturally safe care.

Conclusion:

Woods’ model provides a critical lens for nurses to examine their relational practice and systemic factors that enhance or detract from culturally safe care when caring for members of any indigenous group.
Love in the time of Corona
Authors: Alchin David , McLean Loyola , Korner Anthony
Published: July 2020

Objective:

As the world struggles to come to terms with “corona,” we find our collective experience to be entirely alien, struggling to find meaning in the forms of feeling being evoked. When words cannot provide meaning to experience, metaphor is often utilized.

Conclusions:

Words like “love” are informed autobiographically as “growing words,” with no rules defining their use. The significance of “love” to an individual is created through personal history, such that sophisticated understanding is only constructed following a lifetime of experience. “Corona” is perhaps a growing word; we cannot yet grasp its meaning in the face of cólera (passion) and pati (suffering) informing our collective traumatic script. Psychiatrists should aim to focus on the positive forms of feeling emerging during the pandemic, in order to be better equipped to meet the impending “second wave” of mental health complications.
A certificate in youth psychiatry: meeting the training needs of psychiatrists
Authors: Macmillan Iain , Thompson Andrew , Kalucy Megan , Pellen Daniel , Killackey Eóin , McGorry Patrick , Scott James G
Published: July 2020

Objective:

This paper provides the rationale for the development of sub-specialty training in youth psychiatry.

Method:

Training needs for youth psychiatry are discussed and the opportunities provided by sub-specialisation in youth psychiatry are presented.

Results:

The majority of mental disorders have their onset prior to 25 years. There has been substantial recent growth in services to meet the clinical needs of young people. The development of these services has exposed gaps in current training for psychiatrists, which varies considerably between child and adolescent, and adult psychiatry. Competencies acquired by psychiatrists in youth mental health are non-standardised, which may hinder optimal care.

Conclusions:

Sub-specialty training in youth psychiatry is needed to meet workforce demands. The development of a certificate in youth psychiatry, by the RANZCP Section for Youth Mental Health, is underway. This will complement existing training and provide trainees and psychiatrists the opportunity to develop specialist skills in the provision of mental health care for young people negotiating the transition between adolescence and adulthood.
Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Authors: Ramalho Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To summarise publications reporting on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a narrative review.

Methods:

ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in 2020. This search used two terms: ‘alcohol’ and ‘COVID’. Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify additional articles.

Results:

There is growing concern around an increase in alcohol intake and alcohol-related harms. These concerns are related to the impact of excessive alcohol consumption in a person with COVID-19 and/or with alcohol use disorder, as well as with a potential increase in the prevalence of harmful drinking, alcohol use disorder, withdrawal symptoms, intimate partner violence, harm to children, suicide, mental health problems and non-communicable diseases. The need for assessing alcohol use and providing adequate advice during the pandemic have been highlighted.

Conclusion:

The time for action is now, and all necessary measures to prevent an increase in alcohol-related problems should be adopted. At the same time, healthcare services should also prepare for such potential increase, while adapting to the exceptional circumstances presented by the pandemic, such as physical distancing.
Move your mind: embedding accredited exercise physiology services within a hospital-based mental health service
Authors: Furzer Bonnie J , Wright Kemi E , Edoo Azam , Maiorana Andrew
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Despite support for the role of exercise in improving physical and mental health for various psychiatric disorders, few service implementation evaluations within diverse hospital environments exist. This study presents the feasibility and implementation of a clinical exercise physiology service within a hospital mental health service.

Method:

Feasibility and service data were collected from databases and self-report (consumer and staff) for 6 months from the commencement of new exercise services (gym and group sessions) for community and inpatients (one secure and three open wards).

Results:

One hundred and twenty consumers engaged with exercise services with 70 direct referrals over the 6-month audit period (mean age 40 ± 13 years (19–69); 41% male). The overwhelming reason for referral was related to weight loss/management (65.7%), with the majority of patients (51%) presenting with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Further, 549 exercise service interactions were delivered and 78% gym attendees and 69% group session attendees rated the exercise sessions as ‘Good’ or ‘Great’, and intention to return ranged from 78% for inpatient gym sessions to 91% for community gym sessions.

Conclusions:

Embedding exercise physiology into a mental health service is feasible and well accepted and the evaluation of long-term consumer outcomes in ‘real-world’ will serve as a crucial step.
Online Climate Change Polarization: Interactional Framing Analysis of Climate Change Blog Comments
Authors: van Eck Christel W. , Mulder Bob C. , Dewulf Art
Published: July 2020

While increasingly more is known about how to reframe the relevance of climate change, much less is known about how people deal with situations in which they are confronted with frames that are incompatible with their own frames. The current research conducts an interactional framing analysis to investigate how users in climate change blog comments interactively construct the meaning of issues, identities and relationships, and their interactions. Results show that most framing differences start with issue framing but thereafter shift to identity and relationship or process framing. Finally, users mostly deploy polarizing interaction strategies to deal with these framing differences.
Determination of the stress concentration in the corner point of the wedge-shaped region reinforced by a more rigid thin coating
Authors: Soloviev AN , Sobol BV , Rashidova EV , Novikova AI
Published: July 2020

We analysed the problem of determining the exponents in the asymptotic solution of the isotropic theory of elasticity problem at the top of the wedge-shaped region where its sides (or one of them) are supported by a thin coating and lean without friction on the rigid bases. On the other side of the wedge-shaped region, it is assumed that there are various boundary conditions, including when there is a thin coating. Mathematically, the problem reduces to the problem of determining the roots of transcendental characteristic equations arising from the condition for the existence of a nontrivial solution of a system of the linear homogeneous equations. The characteristics of the stress tensor components have been determined for the various combinations of boundary conditions and physical and geometric parameters. The qualitative conclusions are made. In particular, we have established the combinations of the values of these parameters at which the singular behaviour of stresses arises.