bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A MULHER MODERNA: PRÁTICAS URBANAS E VIDA DOMÉSTICA EM SÃO PAULO (1930-1960) * THE MODERN WOMAN: URBAN PRACTICES AND DOMESTIC LIFE IN SAO PAULO (1930-1960)
Authors: Costa Sabrina S. Fontenele
Published: December 2019

Este texto apresenta um panorama da presença das mulheres em seus espaços domésticos e sua interação com o espaço urbano de São Paulo em meados do século XX. Período que passaram a usufruir de maneira mais intensa da vida urbana, ampliaram sua formação educacional e entraram no mercado de trabalho. Nos anúncios e textos do período, a imagem da “mulher moderna” está vinculada a figura que circula livremente pela cidade, como também aquela que é responsável pela organização das atividades domésticas. Buscando discutir a dimensão e as contradições dessa representação foram utilizadas como fontes de uma pesquisa qualitativa histórica os anúncios de jornais e revistas, os desenhos e fotografias dos projetos de alguns edifícios e estudos sobre a presença feminina na metrópole.*This text presents an overview of the mid-class women’s presence in their domestic spaces and their interaction with the urban space in the middle of the 20th century in São Paulo. The period when they began to enjoy more intensely the urban life, expanded their education and entered the labor market. In the advertisements and texts of the period, the image of the “modern woman” is linked to a figure that circulates freely throughout the city, as well as that which is responsible for the organization of domestic activities. Looking to discuss the dimension and the contradictions of this representation were used as sources of qualitative historical research the advertisements of newspapers and magazines, drawings and photographs of the projects of some buildings and studies on the female presence in the metropolis.
HENRIQUE KATZENBERG: INCIDENTES ENVOLVENDO UM IMIGRANTE ALEMÃO DURANTE O ESTADO NOVO * HENRIQUE KATZENBERG: INCIDENTS INVOLVING A GERMAN IMMIGRANT DURING THE “ESTADO NOVO”
Authors: Gälzer Fernanda , Weber Roswithia
Published: December 2019

Este artigo analisa a situação de um imigrante alemão, residente no município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, no contexto de nacionalização. Utiliza-se como objeto de pesquisa, correspondências recebidas pela prefeitura de São Leopoldo, no período de 1941 a 1943, relacionadas ao imigrante Henrique Katzenberg. As mesmas são analisadas tendo em vista o contexto local, nacional com base em autores que abordam o Estado Novo e a Campanha de Nacionalização. Analisar correspondências e relacioná-las com o período em que estão inseridas é uma forma de valorizar o sujeito no processo histórico. O estudo permite compreender a influência da Campanha de Nacionalização durante o Estado Novo, no cotidiano da população, de imigrantes e descendentes alemães, na localidade pesquisada.*This paper analyzes the situation of a German immigrant, resident in the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, in the context of nationalization. We used as research object the correspondence received by the prefecture of São Leopoldo, from 1941 to 1943, related to the immigrant Henrique Katzenberg. These are analyzed in view of the local, national context based on authors who approached the New State (Estado Novo) and the Nationalization Campaign. Analyzing the correspondence and relating it to the period in which it is inserted is a way to put a value on the subject in the historical process. The study allows us to understand the influence of the Nationalization Campaign during the New State “Estado Novo”, in the daily life of the population, of German immigrants and descendants, in the researched locality.
REFLEXÕES ACERCA DOS CONCEITOS DE IDENTIDADE E DIVERSIDADE NA BNCC DE HISTÓRIA * REFLECTIONS ABOUT THE CONCEPTS OF IDENTITY AND DIVERSITY IN THE HISTORY BNCC
Authors: Eschriqui Vieira Pinto Jorge Vieira
Published: December 2019

O exercício da cidadania no contexto democrático brasileiro atual deve ter como pressuposto o reconhecimento da existência e do direito de participação nas discussões e nas políticas públicas de múltiplos segmentos sociais, étnicos, culturais e políticos por parte da sociedade em geral e do Estado. Nesse sentido, a História é uma disciplina fundamental na grade curricular da Educação Básica. Ao contribuir para o resgate da memória dos diversos grupos que compõem a população nacional, é capaz despertar neles laços de identidade com os seus antepassados e orientá-los em suas ações para o atendimento de suas demandas e a intervenção social consciente para a transformação da realidade brasileira. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) propõe o trabalho pedagógico com a identidade e a diversidade nas aulas de História.*The History is a strategic curricular discipline for any public policies in the area of Education as it is the study of the biographies, actions and cultural heritages of the ancestors, from of the demands of the societies of the present time, able to build a collective memory and to awake in the individuals a symbolic dimension of bond between the present and the past. This bond occurs through comparative approach among several societies in different times, which enables the perception of the permanences and ruptures and, consequently, the understanding of the cultural heritages that approach or distance communities and social groups of the present and of the past, awakening, thus, in the individuals the ties of identity from recognition of the “we” and differentiation of the “other”. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the National Curricular Common Core (BNCC) proposes the pedagogical work with the identity and diversity in History classes.
SEXUALIDADE E CONTROLE DE NATALIDADE: DO VATICANO PARA O BRASIL - ENTRE 1960 E 1980 * SEXUALIDAD Y CONTROL DE LA NATALIDAD: DEL VATICANO HACIA BRASIL - ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1960 Y 1980
Authors: Cordova Reinaldo Batista
Published: December 2019

Uma das maneiras da Igreja Católica se legitimar era apresentar como defensora das pessoas e da humanidade. A partir desta prerrogativa estabeleceu normas sobre a sexualidade e a reprodução humana, para assegurar o pleno desenvolvimento da humanidade e da sociedade. Considerando estes fatos, religiosos e leigos se dedicaram a expor o Magistério Católico, como meio de salvação de suas almas; ditando o que consideravam a verdadeira sexualidade e o papel do controle de natalidade para si e para o coletivo. Nesse sentido, seria possível encontrar o significativo papel da Igreja (Santa Sé) na produção de enunciados e da Igreja brasileira de intérprete de tais declarações, como algumas das principais autoras de normativas sobre sexualidade e a regulação da natalidade entre as décadas de1960 e 1980.*Una de las maneras de la Iglesia Católica legitimarse sería presentándose como defensora de las personas y de la humanidad, por eso, establece normativas acerca de la sexualidad y de la reproducción humana, con acciones imperativas, entendidas como necesarias para el pleno desarrollo de la humanidad y de la sociedad. Considerando estos hechos, innúmeros laicos y principalmente religiosos: en diversos niveles, se han dedicado a enseñar el Magisterio a los católicos, como mecanismo de salvación de sus almas; dictando para ellos, lo que consideraban la verdadera sexualidad y el papel del control de la natalidad para si y para el colectivo. En ese sentido, sería posible encontrar el significativo papel de la Iglesia, productora de enunciados y de la Iglesia brasileña, interprete de dichos enunciados, como algunas de las principales autoras de la normativa sexual entre las décadas de 60 y 80 del pasado siglo.
A CONCEPÇÃO MÍSTICA DE IMAGEM EM FRANCISCO DE HOLANDA * THE MYSTICAL CONCEPTION OF IMAGE IN FRANCISCO DE HOLANDA
Authors: Andrade Thainan Noronha de
Published: December 2019

Francisco de Holanda (1517-1584), artista e teórico de arte português, se destaca como uma figura de grande relevância na cultura do século XVI, tendo sido o primeiro tratadista europeu a elaborar uma sistematização da operação artística de fundamentação neoplatônica, influência que se estende por sua produção plástica. O seguinte artigo tem o propósito de discutir, dentre os diversos aspectos da obra holandiana, a concepção de imagem expressa em seus escritos e sua produção pictórica, identificando algumas de suas fontes conceituais. Tal iniciativa visa contribuir, em sentido amplo, para o estudo das relações entre a filosofia, religião e a arte; e em sentido estrito, para a compreensão da obra de Francisco de Holanda e da cultura artística do século XVI.*Francisco de Holanda (1517-1584), Portuguese artist and art theoretician, stands out as an important figure in the 16th century culture, being the first European writer to elaborate a Neoplatonic based systematization of the artistic operation, influence that spreads to his plastic production. The following paper aims to discuss, among several aspects of the holandian work, the conception of image expressed in his writings and his pictorial production, identifying some of his theoretical sources. Such initiative aims to contribute, in a broad sense, to the study of the relations among philosophy, religion and art; and, in a strict sense, to the comprehension of Francisco de Holanda’s work and the artistic culture of the 16th century.
A IMIGRAÇÃO ITALIANA E A TRAJETÓRIA DA FAMÍLIA DE BONA SARTOR EM URUSSANGA, SC * THE ITALIAN IMMIGRATION AND THE TRAJECTORY OF THE DE BONA SARTOR’S FAMILY IN URUSSANGA, SC
Authors: Ferri Gil Karlos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo propõe uma contextualização histórica da imigração italiana para Urussanga, SC, través da análise da trajetória da família de Bona Sartor, oriunda da província de Belluno, Itália. O período analisado corresponde ao século XIX, com a crise socioeconômica e a grande emigração italiana, e à primeira metade do século XX, com o estabelecimento da família de Matteo e Domenica de Bona Sartor em Urussanga. Para recompor essa trajetória, foram utilizadas diversas fontes, como registros de nascimento, matrimônio e óbito, históricos familiares, árvores genealógicas, fotografias, entrevistas e dados antropológicos. Os estudos genealógicos e sobre os costumes do passado revelam adaptações e inovações nas dinâmicas familiares, podendo nos legar inspiração para buscarmos melhores condições de vida.*This article proposes a historical contextualization of Italian immigration to Urussanga, SC, through the analysis of the trajectory of the Bona Sartor family from the province of Belluno, Italy. The period analyzed corresponds to the nineteenth century, with the socioeconomic crisis and the great Italian emigration, and the first half of the twentieth century, with the establishment of the family of Matteo and Domenica de Bona Sartor inUrussanga. To compose this trajectory, several sources were used, such as birth, marriage and death records, family histories, genealogical trees, photographs, interviews and anthropological data. Genealogical studies and the customs of the past reveal adaptations and innovations in family dynamics, and can inspire us to seek better living conditions.
Editorial História e Cultura. v.8, n. 2, 2019
Authors: Cruz Rodolfo Nogueira da , Cardoso Janaina Salvador , Costa Adrielli Souza , Medeiros Carlos Gabriel Sardinha de
Published: December 2019

Texto Editorial da Revista História e Cultura.
Conectividad para el desarrollo regional: La experiencia de Mesoamérica
Authors: Arteaga Gabriela , Salazar Recinos Nelson J.
Published: December 2019

En el panel se discutieron cuestiones claves para el sector, incluyendo tópicos como la adopción generalizada de tecnología de soporte logístico y aduanero, pero también se exploraron desafíos latentes para el sector y la región, como lo es la incorporación de configuraciones nacionales y regionales de transporte multimodal para mejorar la eficiencia y la competitividad del sector. La discusión de los panelistas también invitó al público a diferenciar los tres grandes segmentos presentes en el ámbito de transporte de carga en Mesoamérica, siendo la primera estrictamente doméstica y referida al movimiento de mercancías entre ciudades de un mismo país, por ejemplo; movimientos rural (productivo) urbano (consumo); el segundo segmento es el transporte de carga a nivel regional, involucrando la infraestructura de la Red Internacional de Carreteras Mesoamericanas (RICAM) así como elementos de gestión aduanera entre los países y finalmente el tercer segmento se refiere al movimiento de mercancías para propósitos de comercio extrarregional, tocando de esta manera la heterogeneidad regional en materia de instalaciones portuarias y aeroportuarias. La discusión abordó la perspectiva del financiamiento y el apoyo público a los proyectos de soporte a la integración, señalando que la premisa de que “cualquier proyecto que promueva la integración es un buen proyecto” sería un riesgo estratégico, debido a la falta de certeza sobre la capacidad de los proyectos para generar bienestar social. A raíz de la participación del BID en la cumbre, la División de Transporte de la Gerencia de Infraestructura y Energía del Banco se propuso elaborar la presente nota técnica para complementar la discusión planteada durante el evento, con el objetivo de proporcionar al público en general un documento de referencia que sintetice los elementos más importantes sobre la conectividad regional y brinde elementos claves sobre las acciones que se llevan a cabo para mejorar la integración regional en Mesoamérica.
Reflexiones sobre la pertinencia de hablar de una “creación escénica ante el espectador”
Authors: Chevallier Jean-Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Para describir la actividad del artista, se suele recurrir a la noción de "creación". En las artes vivas, se hablara por ejemplo de "creación escénica"; y seguido se pensara esta "creación" como teniendo lugar "ante el espectador". Pero nada asegura que se trate realmente de eso. Al menos vale la pena lanzar un doble interrogación. Por un lado: para producir un obra, ¿a poco el artista trabaja con lo que no existía antes? Por otra lado: lo que con la obra ocurre; ¿ocurre "ante" o bien "con" el espectador?
Retomando "Instrucciones para convertirse"
Authors: Schneider Rebecca
Published: December 2019

Este ensayo analiza una serie de performance fotográficos de Emilio Rojas titulada Instrucciones para convertirse (2019). La serie de Rojas rinde homenaje a la artista Laura Aguilar y, pensando en el homenaje, este ensayo considera el gesto, así como al llamado y la respuesta, como técnicas de performance, mediante las cuales los cuerpos y las obras de arte saltan cuerpo a cuerpo, miembro a miembro. A través de otra obra de Rojas, Heridas Abiertas (A Gloria), el ensayo luego se mueve para discutir la obra Fringe, de la artista anishnaabe Rebecca Belmore, que se puede leer junto a la amalgama Rojas/Aguilar. La aparición de Belmore en el capítulo marca el comienzo de un trabajo que hace gestos hacia mundos ancestrales, en su caso indígenas, para presentar alternativas a la marcha miope de los registros del tiempo capital-colonial. Acto seguido, hago un contrapunto entre Viaje a Italia, de Roberto Rossellini, y lsa obras de Belmore, Aguilar y Rojas. La película de Rossellini, así como los performances de Rojas, Aguilar y Belmore, exploran el salto de la gestualidad entre materiales animados e inanimados, entre materiales humanos y no humanos, como son las estatuas de piedra y la carne humana o, en el caso de Rojas, las extremidades de los árboles y las extremidades humanas. El esfuerzo, en todo el ensayos, es producir una práctica de críticismo de performance decolonial.
Examination of Factors Influencing the Success Rates of an In Vitro Chemosensitivity Test for Lung Cancer Using Collagen Gel Droplet-Embedded Cultures
Authors: Y Takahara , Y Kawasaki , R Kato , S Shinomiya , T Oikawa , S Mizuno
Published: December 2019

Objective: We evaluated the success rates and factors influencing the success rates of the Collagen Gel Droplet-Embedded Culture Drug Sensitivity Test (CD-DST) for pleural effusate in lung cancer patients with carcinomatous pleurisy.Materials and methods: Thirty-two patients with lung cancer having carcinomatous pleurisy were enrolled in this study between January 2014 and May 2017. Their pleural effusions were analysed by CD-DST, and the subjects were classified into two groups: successful cases and unsuccessful cases, based on whether the test was able to successfully determine drug sensitivity. We investigated whether the properties of the pleural effusate might influence the success rate of CD-DST. We observed that the CD-DST tended to have good success rates in patients with higher pH, higher percentage of lymphocytes, higher cell counts, and lower percentage of neutrophils in their pleural effusate. The red blood cell count was higher in the effusate of unsuccessful than successful cases.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the diagnostic success rates of CD-DST for pleural effusion from patients with lung cancer might improve by appropriate sample selection.
Lipid peroxidation and cell cycle signaling: 4-hydroxynonenal, a key molecule in stress mediated signaling.
Authors: Yang Yusong , Sharma Rajendra , Sharma Abha , Awasthi Sanjay , Awasthi Yogesh C
Published: December 2019

Role of lipid peroxidation products, particularly 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in cell cycle signaling is becoming increasingly clear. In this article, recent studies suggesting an important role of 4-HNE in stress mediated signaling for apoptosis are critically evaluated. Evidence demonstrating the modulation of UV, oxidative stress, and chemical stress mediated apoptosis by blocking lipid peroxidation by the alpha-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) is presented which suggest an important role of these enzymes in protection against oxidative stress and a role of lipid peroxidation products in stress mediated signaling. Overexpression of 4-HNE metabolizing GSTs (mGSTA4-4, hGSTA4-4, or hGST5.8) protects cells against 4-HNE, oxidative stress (H(2)O(2) or xanthine/xanthine oxidase), and UV-A mediated apoptosis by blocking JNK and caspase activation suggesting a role of 4-HNE in the mechanisms of apoptosis caused by these stress factors. The intracellular concentration of 4-HNE appears to be crucial for the nature of cell cycle signaling and may be a determinant for the signaling for differentiation, proliferation, transformation, or apoptosis. The intracellular concentrations of 4-HNE are regulated through a coordinated action of GSTs (GSTA4-4 and hGST5.8) which conjugate 4-HNE to GSH to form the conjugate (GS-HNE) and the transporter 76 kDa Ral-binding GTPase activating protein (RLIP76), which catalyze ATP-dependent transport of GS-HNE. A mild stress caused by heat, UV-A, or H(2)O(2)with no apparent effect on the cells in culture causes a rapid, transient induction of hGST5.8 and RLIP76. These stress preconditioned cells acquire ability to metabolize and exclude 4-HNE at an accelerated pace and acquire relative resistance to apoptosis by UV and oxidative stress as compared to unconditioned control cells. This resistance of stress preconditioned cells can be abrogated by coating the cells with anti-RLIP76 antibodies which block the transport of GS-HNE. These studies and previous reports discussed in this article strongly suggest a key role of 4-HNE in stress mediated signaling.
The structure of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: Martonosi Anthony N , Pikula Slawomir
Published: December 2019

In this article the morphology of sarcoplasmic reticulum, classification of Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) isoenzymes presented in this membrane system, as well as their topology will be reviewed. The focus is on the structure and interactions of Ca(2+)-ATPase determined by electron and X-ray crystallography, lamellar X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis of the profile structure of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum multilayers. In addition, targeting of the Ca(2+)-ATPase to the sarcoplasmic reticulum is discussed.
Ca2+ differently affects hydrophobic properties of guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs) and recoverin.
Authors: Gorczyca Wojciech A , Kobiałka Marcin , Kuropatwa Marianna , Kurowska Ewa
Published: December 2019

Guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs) and recoverin are retina-specific Ca(2+)-binding proteins involved in phototransduction. We provide here evidence that in spite of structural similarities GCAPs and recoverin differently change their overall hydrophobic properties in response to Ca(2+). Using native bovine GCAP1, GCAP2 and recoverin we show that: i) the Ca(2+)-dependent binding of recoverin to Phenyl-Sepharose is distinct from such interactions of GCAPs; ii) fluorescence intensity of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) is markedly higher at high [Ca(2+)](free) (10 microM) than at low [Ca(2+)](free) (10 nM) in the presence of recoverin, while an opposing effect is observed in the presence of GCAPs; iii) fluorescence resonance energy transfer from tryptophane residues to ANS is more efficient at high [Ca(2+)](free) in recoverin and at low [Ca(2+)](free) in GCAP2. Such different changes of hydrophobicity evoked by Ca(2+) appear to be the precondition for possible mechanisms by which GCAPs and recoverin control the activities of their target enzymes.
Ca2+-dependent phosphatidylserine synthesis in immature and mature starfish oocytes.
Authors: Dygas Anna , Barańska Jolanta , Santella Luigia
Published: December 2019

We found that in starfish oocytes two different enzymes, phosphatidylserine synthase-1 (PSS1) and -2 (PSS2), which synthesize phosphatidylserine by a base-exchange reaction, are present. We studied phosphatidylserine synthesis in immature oocytes which still contain the nucleus (germinal vesicles) and in mature cells, in which the re-initiation of the meiotic cycle induced by the hormone 1-methyladenine led to structural changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, to the disappearance of the nuclear envelope and to the intermixing of the nucleoplasm with the cytoplasm. It was found that the levels of PSS1 and PSS2 transcripts were higher in immature and mature oocytes, respectively. The level of the expressed PSS2 protein, higher than that of PSS1, was not influenced by the maturation process, whereas the level of PSS1 protein was higher in immature than in mature oocytes. Serine incorporation into phosphatidylserine was enhanced in immature oocytes. The depletion of calcium stores by thapsigargin resulted in 50% lowering of phosphatidylserine synthesis. We suggest that changes in phosphatidylserine synthesis may be affected by the release of calcium stored in the nuclear envelope and in the endoplasmic reticulum, the membranes that undergo disintegration and fragmentation during meiosis. The reason for the greater synthesis of PS may be the higher level of expression of PSS1 in immature oocytes.
The function of complexes between the outer mitochondrial membrane pore (VDAC) and the adenine nucleotide translocase in regulation of energy metabolism and apoptosis.
Authors: Vyssokikh Mikhail Y , Brdiczka Dieter
Published: December 2019

The outer mitochondrial membrane pore (VDAC) changes its structure either voltage-dependently in artificial membranes or physiologically by interaction with the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in the c-conformation. This interaction creates contact sites and leads in addition to a specific organisation of cytochrome c in the VDAC-ANT complexes. The VDAC structure that is specific for contact sites generates a signal at the surface for several proteins in the cytosol to bind with high capacity, such as hexokinase, glycerol kinase and Bax. If the VDAC binding site is not occupied by hexokinase, the VDAC-ANT complex has two critical qualities: firstly, Bax gets access to cytochrome c and secondly the ANT is set in its c-conformation that easily changes conformation into an unspecific channel (uniporter) causing permeability transition. Activity of bound hexokinase protects against both, it hinders Bax binding and employs the ANT as anti-porter. The octamer of mitochondrial creatine kinase binds to VDAC from the inner surface of the outer membrane. This firstly restrains interaction between VDAC and ANT and secondly changes the VDAC structure into low affinity for hexokinase and Bax. Cytochrome c in the creatine kinase complex will be differently organised, not accessible to Bax and the ANT is run as anti-porter by the active creatine kinase octamer. However, when, for example, free radicals cause dissociation of the octamer, VDAC interacts with the ANT with the same results as described above: Bax-dependent cytochrome c release and risk of permeability transition pore opening.
Coenzyme Q releases the inhibitory effect of free fatty acids on mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
Authors: Rauchová Hana , Drahota Zdenek , Rauch Pavel , Fato Romana , Lenaz Giorgio
Published: December 2019

Data presented in this paper show that the size of the endogenous coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool is not a limiting factor in the activation of mitochondrial glycerophosphate-dependent respiration by exogenous CoQ(3), since successive additions of succinate and NADH to brown adipose tissue mitochondria further increase the rate of oxygen uptake. Because the inhibition of glycerophosphate-dependent respiration by oleate was eliminated by added CoQ(3), our data indicate that the activating effect of CoQ(3) is related to the release of the inhibitory effect of endogenous free fatty acids (FFA). Both the inhibitory effect of FFA and the activating effect of CoQ(3) could be demonstrated only for glycerophosphate-dependent respiration, while succinate- or NADH-dependent respiration was not affected. The presented data suggest differences between mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinate or NADH dehydrogenases in the transfer of reducing equivalents to the CoQ pool.
Modulation of the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel by cytoplasmic proteins from wild type and the channel depleted cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Authors: Kmita Hanna , Budzińska Małgorzata , Stobienia Olgierd
Published: December 2019

It is well known that effective exchange of metabolites between mitochondria and the cytoplasm is essential for cell physiology. The key step of the exchange is transport across the mitochondrial outer membrane, which is supported by the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC). Therefore, it is clear that the permeability of VDAC must be regulated to adjust its activity to the actual cell needs. VDAC-modulating activities, often referred to as the VDAC modulator, were identified in the intermembrane space of different organism mitochondria but the responsible protein(s) has not been identified as yet. Because the VDAC modulator was reported to act on VDAC of intact mitochondria when added to the cytoplasmic side it has been speculated that a similar modulating activity might be present in the cytoplasm. To check the speculation we used mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as they constitute a perfect model to study VDAC modulation. The mitochondria contain only a single isoform of VDAC and it is possible to obtain viable mutants devoid of the channel (Deltapor1). Moreover, we have recently characterised a VDAC-modulating activity located in the intermembrane space of wild type and Deltapor1 S. cerevisiae mitochondria. Here, we report that the cytoplasm of wild type and Deltapor1 cells of S. cerevisiae contains a VDAC-modulating activity as measured in a reconstituted system and with intact mitochondria. Since quantitative differences were observed between the modulating fractions isolated from wild type and Deltapor1 cells when they were studied with intact wild type mitochondria as well as by protein electrophoresis it might be concluded that VDAC may influence the properties of the involved cytoplasmic proteins. Moreover, the VDAC-modulating activity in the cytoplasm differs distinctly from that reported for the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Nevertheless, both these activities may contribute efficiently to VDAC regulation. Thus, the identification of the proteins is very important.
Novel properties of antimicrobial peptides.
Authors: Kamysz Wojciech , Okrój Marcin , Łukasiak Jerzy
Published: December 2019

Endogenous peptide antibiotics are known as evolutionarily old components of innate immunity. Due to interaction with cell membrane these peptides cause permeabilization of the membrane and lysis of invading microbes. However, some studies proved that antimicrobial peptides are universal multifunctional molecules and their functions extend far beyond simple antibiotics. In this review we present an overview of the general mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and discuss some of their additional properties, like antitumour activity, mitogenic activity, role in signal transduction pathways and adaptive immune response.
Collagen type II modification by hypochlorite.
Authors: Olszowski Sławomir , Mak Paweł , Olszowska Ewa , Marcinkiewicz Janusz
Published: December 2019

Oxidation of proteins is a common phenomenon in the inflammatory process mediated by highly reactive agents such as hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-)) produced by activated neutrophils. For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis hypochlorite plays an important role in joint destruction. One of the major targets for HOCl/OCl(-) is collagen type II (CII) - the primary cartilage protein. In our study, HOCl/OCl(-) mediated collagen II modifications were tested using various methods: circular dichroism (CD), HPLC, ELISA, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorimetry and spectrophotometry. It was shown that hypochlorite action causes deamination with consecutive carbonyl group formation and transformation of tyrosine residues to dichlorotyrosine. Moreover, it was shown that ammonium chloramine (NH(2)Cl) formed in the reaction mixture reacts with CII. However, in this case the yield of carbonyl groups and dichlorotyrosine is lower than that observed for HOCl/OCl(-) by 50%. CD data revealed that collagen II exists as a random coil in the samples and that chlorination is followed by CII fragmentation. In the range of low HOCl/OCl(-) concentrations (up to 1 mM) 10-90 kDa peptides are predominant whereas massive production of shorter peptides was observed for high (5 mM) hypochlorite concentration. DLS measurements showed that chlorination with HOCl/OCl(-) decreases the radius of collagen II aggregates from 30 to 6.8 nm. Taking into account the fact that chlorinated collagen is partially degraded, the DLS results suggest that smaller micelles are formed of the 10-90 kDa peptide fraction. Moreover, collagen chlorination results in epitope modification which affects CII recognition by anti-CII antibodies. Finally, since in the synovial fluid the plausible hypochlorite concentration is smaller than that used in the model the change of size of molecular aggregates seems to be the best marker of hypochlorite-mediated collagen oxidation.
Studies on type I collagen in skin fibroblasts cultured from twins with lethal osteogenesis imperfecta.
Authors: Galicka Anna , Wołczyński Sławomir , Gindzieński Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Studies on type I procollagen produced by skin fibroblasts cultured from twins with lethal type II of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) showed that biosynthesis of collagen (measured by L-[5-(3)H]proline incorporation into proteins susceptible to the action of bacterial collagenase) was slightly increased as compared to the control healthy infant. SDS/PAGE showed that the fibroblasts synthesized and secreted only normal type I procollagen. Electrophoretic analysis of collagen chains and CNBr peptides showed the same pattern of electrophoretic migration as in the controls. The lack of posttranslational overmodification of the collagen molecule suggested a molecular defect near the amino terminus of the collagen helix. Digestion of OI type I collagen with trypsin at 30 degrees C for 5 min generated a shorter than normal alpha2 chain which melted at 36 degrees C. Direct sequencing of an asymmetric PCR product revealed a heterozygous single nucleotide change C-->G causing a substitution of histidine by aspartic acid in the alpha2 chain at position 92. Pericellular processing of type I procollagen by the twin's fibroblasts yielded a later appearance of the intermediate pC-alpha1(I) form as compared with control cells.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) 1334G/A genetic polymorphism in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Smolarz Beata , Romanowicz-Makowska Hanna , Kulig Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) content in colorectal cancer tissue extracts may be of strong prognostic value: high levels of PAI-1 in tumours predict poor prognosis. The gene encoding PAI-1 is highly polymorphic and PAI-1 gene variability could contribute to the level of PAI-1 biosynthesis. In the present work the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the 1334G/A polymorphism in 92 subjects with colorectal cancer in samples of cancer tissue and distant mucosa samples as well as in blood were investigated. Blood samples age matched healthy individuals (n = 110) served as control. The 1334G/A polymorphism was determined by PCR amplification using allele specific primers. No differences in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between blood, distant mucosa samples and cancer tissue were detected. However, the distribution of the genotypes of the 1334G/A polymorphism in patients differed significantly (P
Potential role of transforming growth factor beta1 in drug resistance of tumor cells.
Authors: Stoika Rostyslav , Yakymovych Mariya , Souchelnytskyi Serhiy , Yakymovych Ihor
Published: December 2019

Acquired drug resistance of tumor cells is frequently observed in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We studied murine leukemia L1210 cells sensitive and resistant to the cytotoxic action of cisplatin and showed that cisplatin-resistant leukemia cells were also refractory to TGF beta1-dependent growth inhibition and apoptosis. Addressing the question about the mechanisms responsible for the cross-resistance to cisplatin and TGF beta1, we found that cisplatin- and TGF beta1-resistant L1210 cells possessed a decreased expression of type I TGF beta1 receptor, while the expression of type II TGF beta1 receptor was not affected. Western blot analysis of Smad proteins 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, which participate in signal transduction pathway down-stream of the TGF beta1 receptors, revealed an increased expression of Smad 6, inhibiting TGF beta1 action, only in cisplatin- and TGF beta1-resistant L1210 cells. TGF beta1 and especially the cytotoxic mistletoe agglutinin increased Smad 6 expression in TGF beta1-sensitive but not in TGF beta1-resistant L1210 cells. TGF beta1-resistant L1210 cells also differed from TGF beta1-sensitive cells by the lack of expression of the pro-apoptotic p53 protein and higher level of expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Thus, the described co-expression of tumor cell refractoriness to an anti-cancer drug and to the inhibitory cytokine TGF beta1 is accompanied by multiple changes in the TGF beta1 signal transduction pathway and in other regulatory systems of the target cells. Besides, we found that various anti-tumor drugs and cytotoxic plant lectins increased the level of TGF beta1 expression in both TGFbeta1-sensitive and -resistant L1210 cells. A hypothesis is proposed that TGFbeta1 can at least partly mediate the effect of cell-stressing agents and, thus, the development of TGF beta1 resistance may be responsible for the appearance of tumor cell refractoriness to the action of some anti-cancer drugs.
Uptake of photofrin II, a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy, by tumour cells in vitro.
Authors: Chwiłkowska Agnieszka , Saczko Jolanta , Modrzycka Teresa , Marcinkowska Anna , Malarska Anna , Bielewicz Julita , Patalas Dorota , Banaś Teresa
Published: December 2019

Photosensitizing dyes are used in fluorescence diagnostics and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These usually hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD) accumulate preferentially within neoplastic tissues. HpD is a mixture of ether and ester linked porphyrins. Its partially purified form is known under the commercial name of photofrin II (PII). PII emission spectra were studied in a hydrophilic (PBS) and a lipophilic (PC liposomes) environment. Red shift was observed in their emission maxima from 615 nm in buffer solution to 635 nm in lipid. Identical red shift was obtained when the intracellular fluorescence of two cancer cell lines, MCF 7 and Jurkat, incubated with PII was investigated. Thus, intramembrane localization of PII may be suggested. As determined from the total fluorescence intensity, the uptake of PII was only slightly higher for Jurkat than for MCF 7 cells. Nevertheless the kinetics of the uptake was found to be different for both cell lines.
Similarity between enzymatic and electrochemical oxidation of 2-hydroxyacridinone, the reference compound of antitumor imidazoacridinones.
Authors: Mazerska Zofia
Published: December 2019

The present work is part of a wide research project aimed to elucidate the mechanism of the metabolic activation of the antitumor imidazoacridinone agent C-1311 selected for clinical trials. The objectives of the investigations presented here were: (i) to examine the enzymatic transformation of the reference compound 2-hydroxyacridinone and (ii) to test the similarity between enzymatic and electrochemical oxidation of acridinone compounds. This similarity was searched with respect to the usefulness of the electrochemical results for further studies on the metabolic oxidation of imidazoacridinone antitumor drugs. The enzymatic oxidation of 2-hydroxyacridinone was performed with a model system containing various amounts of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide and was followed by UV-VIS spectroscopy and by HPLC. One product of the reaction was isolated and its chemical structure was identified. It was shown that 2-hydroxyacridinone was transformed by the studied system in a manner dependent on the amount of the enzyme and on the compound/H(2)O(2) ratio. While under mild reaction conditions the transformation ran slowly to yield only one product, p1, independently of the reaction time, higher enzyme concentration resulted in several steps of transformation. Product p1 turned out to be a dimer: 1,1-bi(2-hydroxyacridinone). A comparison of the results of the enzymatic transformations of 2-hydroxyacridinone presented here with studies on the electrochemical oxidation reported earlier allowed us to show both transformations to be similar as far as the reaction pathway and two reaction products are concerned.
The 35 kDa acid metallophosphatase of the frog Rana esculenta liver: studies on its cellular localization and protein phosphatase activity.
Authors: Szalewicz Agata , Strzelczyk Barbara , Sopel Mirosław , Kubicz Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

The cellular localization of the 35 kDa, low molecular mass acid metallophosphatase (LMW AcPase) from the frog (Rana esculenta) liver and its activity towards P-Ser and P-Tyr phosphorylated peptides were studied. This enzyme was localized to the cytoplasm of hepatocytes but did not appear in other cells of liver tissue (endothelium, macrophages, blood cells). This LMW AcPase does not display activity towards (32)P-phosphorylase a under conditions standard for the enzymes of PPP family. Proteins containing P-Ser: rabbit (32)P-phosphorylasea and phosvitin are hydrolysed only at acidic pH and are poor substrates for this enzyme. The frog AcPase is not inhibited by okadaic acid and F(-) ions, the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase inhibitors. Moreover, the frog enzyme does not cross-react with specific antisera directed against N-terminal fragment of human PP2A and C-terminal conserved fragment of the eukaryotic PP2A catalytic subunits. These results exclude LMW AcPase from belonging to Ser/Thr protein phosphatases: PP1c or PP2Ac. In addition to P-Tyr, this enzyme hydrolyses efficiently at acidic pH P-Tyr phosphorylated peptides (hirudin and gastrin fragments). K(m) value for the hirudin fragment (7.55 +/- 1.59 x 10(-6) M) is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower in comparison with other substrates tested. The enzyme is inhibited competitively by typical inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases): sodium orthovanadate, molybdate and tungstate. These results may suggest that the LMW AcPase of frog liver can act as PTPase in vivo. A different cellular localization and different response to inhibition by tetrahedral oxyanions (molybdate, vanadate and tungstate) provide further evidence that LMW AcPase of frog liver is distinct from the mammalian tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases.
Evidence for essential histidine and dicarboxylic amino-acid residues in the active site of UDP-glucose : solasodine glucosyltransferase from eggplant leaves.
Authors: Nawłoka Paulina , Kalinowska Małgorzata , Paczkowski Cezary , Wojciechowski Zdzisław A
Published: December 2019

Effects of several chemical probes selectively modifying various amino-acid residues on the activity of UDP-glucose : solasodine glucosyltransferase from eggplant leaves was studied. It was shown that diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC), a specific modifier of histidine residues, was strongly inhibitory. However, in the presence of excessive amounts of the enzyme substrates, i.e. either UDP-glucose or solasodine, the inhibitory effect of DEPC was much weaker indicating that histidine (or histidines) are present in the active site of the enzyme. Our results suggest also that unmodified residues of glutamic (or aspartic) acid, lysine, cysteine, tyrosine and tryptophan are necessary for full activity of the enzyme. Reagents modifying serine and arginine residues have no effect on the enzyme activity.
Body Mass Index Status across Different Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey amongst Children and Adolescents: To Identify the Role of Gender
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Mostafavi Seyed-Ali , Hooshyari Zahra , Khaleghi Ali , Ahmadi Nastaran
Published: December 2019

Objective: Body mass index undergoes a substantial change in some psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to explore the status of body mass index (BMI) in different psychiatric disorders in a national survey among children and adolescents and to identify the role of gender in this regard.
Method: A total of 30 532 children and adolescents were randomly selected using cluster sampling method with equal blocks of three age groups and two genders. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using a standardized face-to-face diagnostic interview of Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (KSADS-PL), and Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured for each participant.
Results: In this study, 22 730 children and adolescents (109 46 boys and 11784 girls), with valid data of BMI, completed the KSADS-PL interview. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 21.2% among underweight participants, 22.8% among overweight participants, and 22.2% among obese participants, which was significantly higher than normal weight participants with 19.6% (X2 = 17.55; p = 0.001). In boys’ subgroup, depression and separation anxiety were mostly seen among the underweight category, while tic disorder was mostly seen in the obese category. In girls’ subgroup, on the other hand, generalized anxiety was mostly observed in the underweight category, while oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depression, and mental retardation were mostly observed in the obese category. In total, the highest mean BMI rates were among the children and adolescents with alcohol abuse disorder, mania, and panic disorder. However, the lowest BMI rates were among those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), and enuresis.
Conclusion: This study gives an overall picture of BMI status in different psychiatric disorders according to gender. Furthermore, in a multidisciplinary approach, the results of this study drew the attention of child psychiatrists to the status of BMI in their clients.
Genotype Variations of rs13381800 in TCF4 Gene and rs17039988 in NRXN1 Gene among a Sample of Iranian Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Agahi Mohadeseh , Noormohammadi Zahra , Salahshourifar Iman , Mahdavi Hezaveh Niloufar
Published: December 2019

Objective: Schizophrenia is a complicated mental disorder that affects about 1% of the world's population. It is a complex disease and is approximately 80% inherited. One of the candidate genes in schizophrenia is transcription factor 4 (TCF4), which is positioned on chromosome 18 and is a transcription factor that plays a role in the transcription of Neurexin 1(NRXN1) gene, which is one of the candidate genes for developing schizophrenia. This case-control study aimed to investigate the correlation of TCF4 rs13381800 and NRXN1 rs17039988 polymorphisms with the risk of schizophrenia in a sample of Iranian patients with schizophrenia.
Method: A total of 200 individuals were included in this study: 100 patients with schizophrenia (65 males and 35 females), with the mean age of 40.80 ± 11.298 years, and 100 as a control group (63 males and 37 females), with the mean age 32.92 ± 7.391 years. Allele specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were done, respectively, for genotyping of rs13381800 (T/C) and rs17039988 (A/C) polymorphisms.
Results: The results showed that the frequency of C / C genotype in rs13381800 in patients’ group was 9%, while it was 13% in the control group. Also, the frequency of C / C genotype in rs17039988 was 9% in patients and 7% in control groups. Statistical analysis of polymorphisms showed no correlation between patients and controls in rs13381800 (OR = 1.51; CI = 95%; P = 0.366) and rs17039988 (OR = 0.76; CI = 95%; P = 0.602).
Conclusion: No significant difference was found between rs13381800 and rs17039988 genotypes between patients and control groups in terms of gender, age and education in the patients group. Our study suggests that there was no correlation between desired polymorphisms with schizophrenia in the studied population.
Determining Risky Driving According to the Constructs of Mentalization and Personality Organization with the Modifying Role of Aggressive Driving
Authors: Seydi Masoumeh , Rahimian Boogar Isaac , Talepasand Siavash
Published: December 2019

Objective: This study aimed to model risky driving and predict its occurrence according to the constructs of personality organization and mentalization considering the role of aggressive driving as a mediator construct.
Method: A total of 428 individuals (219 men and 209 women) were selected using convenience sampling. The participants completed self-report questionnaires on aggressive driving, risky driving, mentalization and personality organization Also, data were analyzed using structural equating model and weighted regression.
Results: The results of this study showed a goof fit of the proposed structural model for predicting risky driving after some modifications (CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.09). According to the results of regression weights, personality organization (regression weighted: 0.044) and aggressive driving (regression weighted: 0.98) were the strongest and mentalization (regression weighted: 0.004) was the weakest predictor of risky driving. Aggressive driving was the strongest direct predictor and personality organization the strongest indirect predictor of risky driving.
Conclusion: Risky driving is a function of direct and indirect personal factors. Moreover, emotional factors have a direct effect on risky driving and more substantial constructs, such as personality, have an indirect effect on risky driving.