bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Shame, Promoting Dignity: A Model for the Primary Prevention of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Salter Michael , Hall Heather
Published: December 2020

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) refers to the complex psychological and psychosocial sequelae caused by prolonged interpersonal abuse. Contemporary approaches to CPTSD are dominated by individualized psychological interventions that are long term and costly. However, accumulating evidence indicates that CPTSD is a high prevalence mental illness implicated in significant social problems, with a pattern of lateral and intergenerational transmission that impacts on already disadvantaged communities. Consequently, there have been calls for a public health model for the prevention of CPSTD; however, there has been a lack of clarity as to what this should entail. This article argues that empirical and conceptual shifts framing CPTSD as a shame disorder offers new preventative opportunities. The article presents a series of interconnected literature reviews including a review of available prevalence data on CPTSD, the public health implications of CPTSD, the role of shame and humiliation in CPTSD, and current scholarship on dignity in public policy and professional practice. Drawing on these reviews, this article develops a social ecological model of primary prevention to CPTSD with a focus on the reduction of shame and the promotion of dignity at the relational, community, institutional, and macrolevel. A broad overview of this model is provided with examples of preventative programs and interventions. While the epidemiology of CPTSD is still emerging, this article argues that this model provides the conceptual foundations necessary for the coordination of preventative interventions necessary to reduce to the risk and prevalence of CPSTD.
“I Like to Try My Hardest to Keep My Small Family Together”: Housing as a Key Resource for Academic Success of Pregnant and Parenting College-Aged Students
Authors: Kava Christine M. , Thompson Lena E. , Vo Tracy , Shockley Darlas , Sabourin Jennifer , Afifi Rima A.
Published: December 2020

Pregnant and/or parenting students (PPS) face unique challenges to attending college. The prevalence of housing insecurity may be higher among college PPS. Adding to the limited research in this area, our study explores how housing could be a barrier to attending and maintaining academic success in college for PPS. We partnered with a Midwestern community college (CC) to conduct the study, which consisted of (1) an environmental scan of in-state collegiate housing programs available to PPS, (2) an online survey among PPS attending the partner CC, and (3) key informant interviews with providers at agencies serving PPS and high school PPS planning to attend college. Eight of the 18 institutions we identified from our environmental scan offered family housing. Populations most often addressed were married students (56%), families (39%), and single parents (28%). Out of 22 responses from our online survey, about a third of PPS disagreed or strongly disagreed that they felt satisfied with housing support provided by the partnering CC and that housing options offered were family friendly. PPS perceived affordability, proximity to campus and to their children’s school, on-site day care, and amenities as important aspects of housing. Key informant participants ( n = 9 interviews) described social support, PPS-specific housing, and access to services as important to college attendance. Community college efforts to meet the needs of PPS must consider the unique barriers PPS face to finding affordable and stable housing. Collaborating with local agencies that offer services for PPS is one approach to ensuring their academic success.
The End of Passive Collecting: The Role and Responsibility of Archivists in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Mubarek Elizabeth Mariano
Published: December 2020

Set against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this article argues that it is imperative that archivists be strongly attuned to current events, both locally and worldwide, so as to best serve their communities. Historic events should not necessarily be documented and recorded retroactively; rather, professional archivists have a responsibility to actively spearhead initiatives to collect contemporaneous documents, ephemera, and artifacts that record history as it is occurring, thus offering more personalized insights into the firsthand impact of significant events on daily life. Various institutions have already risen to this task and undertaken “rapid response collecting,” a relatively new method focused on immediate collecting during moments of extreme historical importance, which has gained considerable momentum throughout the course of the ongoing pandemic. Though the obstacles of collecting during a pandemic are numerous, as many archivists are working remotely or have limited access to physical collections, the benefits to future generations are invaluable.
Stewardship and COVID-19: The Preservation of Human Experience
Authors: Schendel Tory
Published: December 2020

During the current COVID-19 pandemic, museums, archives, and historical organizations are actively collecting material documenting these unusual times. The Evansville Museum of Arts, History & Science is one of the institutions active in this contemporaneous collecting. While this type of collecting follows in the footsteps of previous local efforts to document atypical times, I am no longer of the opinion this type of collecting—rapid response—should be doctrine or an expectation for 21st century curators. This article addresses the importance of democratizing trends in the museum field and allowing the curator, or person taking on the responsibility of collecting, to evaluate if one is truly capable of pursuing this type of collecting.
In Dignity
Authors: Roof Judith
Published: December 2020

As long as the United States perpetuates the unequal statuses of males and females in the Constitution, dignity will mean different things to each. While males automatically have the dignity and worth of fully enfranchised citizens, females must accept a version of dignity based upon the manner in which they acquiesce to their legally inferior position. In suing the United States Soccer Foundation for equal pay, The United States Women’s Soccer team brought the issue of status and dignity into the open in a very public way, enacting the dignity of those accorded full Constitutional rights.
Intravenous versus oral paracetamol for postoperative analgesia: A systematic review
Authors: Stagg Katherine
Published: December 2020

Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic agent that can be given by several different routes of administration. In the surgical setting, intravenous infusions of paracetamol are used, but an alternative is using oral paracetamol as a premedication. This systematic review is the first to compare the relative efficacy of intravenous and oral paracetamol at providing postoperative analgesia. Nine relevant studies were identified. Intravenous paracetamol resulted in a postoperative pain score of 0.5 points lower than in those receiving oral paracetamol premedication. Patients receiving intravenous paracetamol also had a small reduction in postoperative opioid requirements, but the time at which rescue analgesia was required did not differ. These results suggest that intravenous paracetamol may offer a small advantage over oral paracetamol premedication at providing postoperative analgesia.
Romaphobia in Romanian press: The lifting of work restrictions for Romanian migrants in the European Union
Authors: Breazu Petre , Eriksson Göran
Published: December 2020

The lifting of work restrictions for Romanian and Bulgarian citizens in the EU, in January 2014, encountered much resistance both in European political discourse and the media, as these migrants became demonised and presented as social and economic threats. In this article, we show how the Romanian press dealt with such discriminatory discourses against the Romanian migrants. We conduct a thorough Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) of news items published in Romanian press, prior to the lifting of work restrictions, and we argue that the Roma emerged as the perfect scapegoats that could explain the deviant and unruly behaviours ascribed by some western media to ‘Romanians’. We also show how racism toward the Roma, referred here as Romaphobia, invokes non-racial practices and instead builds on a reverse victimhood narrative. Such discourses relate in a broader sense to well-established discursive practices in Romanian context but also to the political climate across Europe which is marked by increased intolerance toward the Roma. It is the mixture of stereotypical discourses and populist rhetoric that makes racism towards the Roma appear naturalised and increasingly more difficult to challenge.
Actuator modelling for attitude control using incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion
Authors: Binz F , Moormann D
Published: December 2020

Recently, the concept of incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion has seen an increasing adoption as an attitude control method for a variety of aircraft configurations. The reasons for this are good stability and robustness properties, moderate computation requirements and low requirements on modelling fidelity. While previous work investigated the robust stability properties of incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion, the actual closed-loop performance may degrade severely in the face of model uncertainty. We address this issue by first analysing the effects of modelling errors on the closed-loop performance by observing the movement of the system poles. Based on this, we analyse the neccessary modelling fidelity and propose simple modelling methods for the usual actuators found on small-scale electric aircraft. Finally, we analyse the actuator models using (flight) test data where possible.
Prospective multicentre mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes of 159 reverse total shoulder replacements and assessment of the influence of post-operative complications
Authors: Imam Mohamed A , Neumann Jörg , Siebert Werner , Mai Sabine , Verborgt Olivier , Eckers Franziska , Jacobs Leo , Meyer Dominik C
Published: December 2020

Background

The aim of our prospective multicentre study is to evaluate the five-year follow-up outcomes of primary reverse shoulder replacement utilizing two different designs of glenoid baseplates.

Methods

There were 159 reverse shoulder replacements (91 cemented and 68 uncemented stems, 67 Trabecular Metal baseplates and 92 Anatomical Shoulder baseplates in 152 patients (99 women) with a mean age of 74.5 (58–90) years. The principal diagnosis was rotator cuff arthropathy in 108 shoulders.

Results

Clinical and functional results improved significantly overall; the adjusted Constant Murley score improved from 28.2 ± 13.3 pre-operatively to 75.5 ± 22.8 ( p < 0.0001) and the mean Subjective Shoulder Value improved from 27.5 ± 20 to 73.8 ± 21.3 points ( p < 0.0001). Radiologically, there was good bony stability in 88% and 86% of cemented and uncemented stems without significant impact on the Constant Murley score and Subjective Shoulder Value at one, two and five years post-surgery. There were no significant clinical differences between Trabecular Metal and Anatomical Shoulder baseplates at five years. There were four cases of intraoperative shaft fractures that were managed with cables. Although the Trabecular Metal baseplates showed better integration radiologically, there was no significant difference in the mean of Constant Murley, Subjective Shoulder Value and the range of motion depending on the grade of inferior scapular notching at one-, two- and five-year intervals.

Conclusions

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty restores the function in shoulder with significant improvements in function and moderate complications with minor differences between both designs of baseplates that were not reflected clinically.
Incorporating 3D Printing Into Your Practice: Lessons Learned
Authors: Sharma Akhil , Kirkland Kyle S. , Holloway Robert M. , Parekh Selene G.
Published: December 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has greatly benefited medicine, manufacturing vital organs like skin, hearts, kidneys, and livers. Early studies on 3D printing in surgery have consistently reported decreased operative time and improved precision. This technology has gained popularity with orthopaedic surgeons in knee, hip, and shoulder surgeries because 3D printing is associated with enhancing osseointegration. However, this innovation is still not commonly used among foot and ankle surgeons; one reason is that whereas the literature on 3D printing–assisted surgery is populated with studies on operative techniques and clinical outcomes, there exists an ambiguity on how to incorporate this feature into the clinic. Thus, the aim of this technology column is to consolidate and standardize a workflow to guide foot and ankle surgeons on integrating 3D printing into one’s practice. We describe a model developed by a single surgeon at one institution who directs a large caseload of 3D-printed foot and ankle surgeries. From the initial patient visit to the interaction between the surgeon and the implant engineering team, to documentation of data adding to the preliminary literature, this work has great implications on streamlining the assimilation of a highly successful technology to improve foot and ankle surgery for both surgeons and patients.

Level of Evidence: Level V
Salvage Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis Augmented With Fibular Columns and Iliac Crest Autograft: A Technical Note
Authors: Bernasconi Alessio , Patel Shelain , Malhotra Karan , Singh Dishan , Welck Matthew , Cullen Nicholas
Published: December 2020

Failure of ankle arthrodesis or total ankle replacement (TAR) results in a challenging clinical situation and may take the form of symptomatic nonunion following arthrodesis and aseptic or infective loosening following TAR. Revision in these scenarios is technically demanding, and if associated with subtalar degeneration, conversion to tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis may be required, with use of bone grafting to maintain length and reduce disability. Fibular strut grafting in the form of pillars or columns, potentially supplemented by tricortical and iliac graft, may be used in association with intramedullary TTC nailing or lateral plating and has demonstrated encouraging fusion rates. In this technical note, we review the history of this technique and report indications and surgical approach. Furthermore, of 6 cases (mean age 69.8 years) treated at our institution and followed at 13 months (range, 8 to 20 months), 5 (83%) were clinically and radiologically united, and patients were satisfied with the outcome of surgery. One patient with a background of chronic kidney disease remained dissatisfied with no union achieved, persistent pain, and awaiting a below-the-knee amputation. No other complications were observed. TTC fusion augmented with fibular columns and iliac crest autograft is an option to treat combined ankle and subtalar joint pathologies with significant talar bone loss.

Levels of Evidence: Level V (technical note)
Corporate Social Responsibility and Individual Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Gratitude and Compassion at Work
Authors: Guzzo Renata F. , Wang Xingyu , Abbott JéAnna
Published: December 2020

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and activities are aimed at, executed for, and witnessed by individuals, yet CSR literature has long overlooked assessing CSR outcomes at the individual level. Previous CSR research has focused primarily on macro- and institutional-level outcomes. The current paper addresses this issue by analyzing the influence of CSR on a crucial stakeholder for hospitality organizations: their employees. Specifically, gratitude and compassion at work were tested as parallel mediators between employees’ perceptions of CSR and their well-being and organizational citizenship behavior directed toward the organization (OCBO). Drawing from the affect theory of social exchange and moral emotions, this article aims to understand how CSR leads to improving employees’ well-being and OCBO through the underlying emotional mechanisms of gratitude and compassion. Survey data from two independent samples were gathered to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that employees’ perceptions of CSR activities had a significant positive direct effect on eudaimonic well-being but not on hedonic well-being. Gratitude mediated the relationship between perceived CSR and OCBO as well as hedonic well-being. Compassion mediated the relationship between perceived CSR and hedonic well-being as well as OCBO. Besides theoretical contributions of testing these mechanisms together in a hospitality context and evaluating the influence of CSR efforts on certain dimensions of well-being, this research will be particularly relevant to hospitality managers when formulating CSR strategies and promoting a CSR culture.
Combating Bisexual Erasure: The Correspondence of Implicit and Explicit Sexual Identity
Authors: Kirby Teri A. , Merritt Sally K. , Baillie Sarah , Malahy Lori Wu , Kaiser Cheryl R.
Published: December 2020

Both straight (i.e., heterosexual) and gay/lesbian individuals still question and erase bisexual identities. Skeptics contend that people adopt bisexual identities for strategic motivations, such as avoiding the stigma associated with identifying as gay, or for attention-seeking purposes. Across two studies, self-identified gay ( N = 168), straight ( N = 237), and bisexual ( N = 231) participants completed a sexual identity Implicit Association Test, a measure that can provide insight into automatic associations and lessen the influence of impression management strategies. All three groups displayed implicit sexual identities that were consistent with their self-ascribed identities. Gay men and lesbians implicitly identified as more gay and less bisexual than bisexual men and women, who in turn identified as less straight and more bisexual than straight men and women. These findings show that self-reported sexual identities converge with implicit identities and have implications for understanding the psychology of sexual orientation.
Examining the policies of paroling authorities in the United States to support evidence-based practices
Authors: Harbinson Erin , Ruhland Ebony
Published: December 2020

While much research in community corrections examines ways in which direct supervision can reduce recidivism, less is known about the role of paroling authorities in using or supporting evidence-based practices. This study presents a selection of results from a survey of paroling authorities across the United States conducted in 2015. We analyze and discuss survey results on the following three topics: (1) What is the structure and power/authority of the paroling authorities? (2) What are the appointments and requirements of paroling authorities? and (3) What evidence-based practices are paroling authorities utilizing? These results demonstrate the state of evidence-based practices in parole decision-making and illustrate ways in which paroling authorities can implement policies and practices that promote sustainability of evidence-based practices in community supervision. The findings indicate that many paroling authorities have adopted policies supportive of evidence-based practices; however, there are some areas in which parole can create continuity and promote better application of them.
User Factors Affecting Both Subscription Intention and Time for 4G Wireless Internet Service
Authors: Lee Sangjae , Kim Byung Gon
Published: December 2020

While much attention is paid to 4G wireless Internet service based on long term evolution (LTE) technology, the previous studies investigating both subscription intention and of 4G wireless Internet service time are lacking. This study attempts to fill this void by analyzing the subscription intention and time of 4G wireless Internet service users using a bivariate two-equation model. Further, as previous studies on self-efficacy and innovativeness are lacking in mobile service adoption despite the importance of user capability for adopting Internet service, this study intends to fill the void by including user technical competency representing possession of comprehensive knowledge for 4G wireless Internet service, extensive use of wireless Internet, and the use of advanced smart phone.

The analysis results of bivariate two-equation model using the sample of 810 Korean users show that if users have the comprehensive knowledge for 4G wireless service, or use advanced mobile smart phone, or greatly use wireless Internet through advanced mobile smart phone, or who are male they are more likely to adopt 4G wireless service. The subscription time is shorter for the users who extensively use wireless Internet and use advanced mobile smart phone or, are male, and have high before tax monthly income. This study contributes to literature in mobile services by suggesting user technical competency as affecting subscription intention and time for 4G wireless Internet service. Managers may better concentrate their marketing efforts to the group of people using wireless Internet extensively and advanced mobile smart phone, and who are male.
Community Partnership Through Knowledge Transfer Program: Assessment From the Perspectives of Academics’ Experience
Authors: Radin Firdaus R. B. , Mohamad Osman , Mohammad Taufik , Gunaratne Mahinda Senevi
Published: December 2020

The knowledge transfer program (KTP) in Malaysia was instituted to facilitate knowledge transfer, collaboration, and interaction between academics in public higher institutions and other stakeholders. These programs are divided into community or industry programs. Under the community program, academics collaborate with a community partner to utilize their research findings in the community environment. This quantitative study attempts to assess KTP based on academics’ postproject responses to online questionnaires. The participants in this study consist of 132 academics of Malaysian public universities of Rolling 1 to Rolling 4 projects between 2011 and 2016. Of 132 individuals invited to participate, 84 of them (64%) took part in the online survey. These data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s range test. The findings indicate that the KTP has enabled academics, irrespective of position, to deploy their ideas and knowledge in a real-world community setting. The relationship between academic position and learning experience in transferring knowledge, however, is inverse: the higher the level of an academic position, the lower the learning experience. The findings also exhibit the experience and challenges that one would expect from the involvement of academics in a community KTP.
Crowdsourcing for Research: Perspectives From a Delphi Panel
Authors: Bassi H. , Misener L. , Johnson A. M.
Published: December 2020

Crowdsourcing, an open call for the public to collaborate and participate in problem solving, has been increasingly employed as a method in health-related research studies. Various reviews of the literature across different disciplines found crowdsourcing being used for data collection, processing, and analysis as well as tasks such as problem solving, data processing, surveillance/monitoring, and surveying. Studies on crowdsourcing tend to focus on its use of software, technology and online platforms, or its application for the purposes previously noted. There is need for further exploration to understand how best to use crowdsourcing for research, as there is limited guidance for researchers who are undertaking crowdsourcing for the purposes of scientific study. Numerous authors have identified gaps in research related to crowdsourcing, including a lack of decision aids to assist researchers using crowdsourcing, and best-practice guidelines. This exploratory study looks at crowdsourcing as a research method by understanding how and why it is being used, through application of a modified Delphi technique. It begins to articulate how crowdsourcing is applied in practice by researchers, and its alignment with existing research methods. The result is a conceptual framework for crowdsourcing, developed within traditional and existing research approaches as a first step toward its use in research.
Professional Sport and Initial Mental Health Public Disclosure Narratives
Authors: Elsey Christopher , Winter Peter , Litchfield Susan Jayne , Ogweno Sharon , Southwood James
Published: December 2020

The disclosure of absences from professional sporting activities to the media is a routine and generally unproblematic part of a sporting career. However, when the reason for the absence relates to mental health concerns, players can encounter difficulties in trying to define, describe and conceptualise their own issues while attempting to maintain privacy as they undergo assessment and treatment. Drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis principles and methods, this paper explores first/initial public mental health disclosure narratives produced by players and sporting organizations across several professional sports via media interviews, press statements, and social media posts. The analysis focuses on (in)voluntary accounts produced by teams or players themselves during their careers and examines the different communication strategies they employ to categorise and explain their predicament. The analysis reveals how some players provide partial or proxy public disclosure announcements (due to a desire to mask issues or delayed help-seeking and assessment), whereas others prefer fuller disclosure of the problems experienced, including diagnoses and on-going treatment and therapy regimes. The paper outlines the consequences of these disclosure strategies and considers the implications they can have for a player’s wellbeing in these stressful circumstances.
Comparison of Marginal Adaptation of Different Resin-Ceramic CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Oguz Ece Irem , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Özgür Merve Erdog˘ , Orhan Kaan , Shujaat Sohaib
Published: December 2020

Aim:

To compare the marginal adaptation of crowns fabricated by using three different resin-ceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials.

Materials and Methods:

Crowns fabricated from three different resin-ceramic CAD/CAM blocks, applied on a typodont premolar (#14), were tested with regard to marginal adaptation, in this in vitro study. The typodont maxillary first premolar was prepared to serve as the master die and digitized with an intraoral scanner. The same virtual crown design was used to fabricate all specimens. Forty-eight crowns were fabricated from the same virtual crown design using three different CAD/CAM resin-ceramic blocks as follows ( n = 16): Lava Ultimate (LU), GC Cerasmart (GC), Vita Enamic (VE). Master die and crowns were scanned with a laboratory scanner and three-dimensional data were transferred into three-matic software. The software calculated the mean of the marginal discrepancy (MD) for each crown in negative and positive values, representing under and over estimation of the crown margin, respectively. A marginal discrepancy index (MDI) was obtained for each group using negative and positive MDs. All data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significance test ( α = 0.05).

Results:

The analysis of variance showed no statistical differences between materials regarding the negative and positive MDs ( P > .05). The MDI for LU was lower than GC and VE ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

The marginal adaptation of different resin-ceramic materials was different with regard to MDI values. Nevertheless, the MD values of all groups were within the clinically acceptable range.
Missed Opportunity for Routine Immunization and Its Associated Factors in Gozamen District Health Centers, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Muluneh Fetelework , Wubetu Muluken , Abate Abebe
Published: December 2020

Background. Vaccine- preventable diseases constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under-5 years of age in Ethiopia and other developing countries. There are limited studies conducted on this aspect in Ethiopia especially in Gozamen district. Objectives. To assess missed opportunity for routine immunization and its associated factors among children aged <24 months in Gozamen district health centers. Methods. Institutional based cross-sectional study exit interview was conducted on 422 mothers with under 2 years old children. Data was collected using the standard World Health Organization’s missed opportunity tool. Vaccines examined in this study were BCG, OPV0, OPV1, PCV1, rota 1, penta valant 1, OPV2, PCV2, rota2, pentavalant 2, OPV3, PCV3, IPV, pentavalant 3, and measles vaccine. The vaccination status of the children was assessed by a structured questionnaire based on vaccination cards or mothers/caregiver verbal responses. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with missed opportunities for routine immunization among children aged <24 months. Result. The prevalence of missed opportunity for this study was 74.9% ; major vaccines with high missed opportunity were OPV0 (67.8), BCG (17.3%), and Measles (14%). Home delivery, lack of vaccination center near the village, unable to attend formal education and younger age (0-12 months) were independently associated with missed opportunity for routine immunization. Conclusion. The prevalence of missed opportunities for routine immunization in Gozamen district health centers was high. Health centers should give routine immunization services regularly.
The spatial dimension of the French private rental markets: Evidence from microgeographic data in 2015
Authors: Ayouba Kassoum , Breuillé Marie-Laure , Grivault Camille , Le Gallo Julie
Published: December 2020

This article draws on data collected by local rental observatories in 12 French urban units in 2015 to analyze the spatial dimension of hedonic rental prices in the private rental market through (i) the spatial heterogeneity between urban units and (ii) the wide variety of contextual and locational characteristics (socio-economic, environmental (dis)amenity, and accessibility) and flexible specifications to capture their potential non-linear influence on rent. Based on a joint test of equality of coefficients across all urban units, we find that hedonic prices differ for 75% of the characteristics, thereby justifying a detailed analysis of heterogeneity. Lyon, Nice, and Paris taken individually are the urban units with the most specific valuations of housing characteristics and socio-economic characteristics. Our analysis reveals that housing characteristics, median income, and distance to the center are clearly the variables with the most heterogeneous effects on hedonic prices.
Direct Selling as a Path to Business Ownership: Molly’s Mary Kay Journey
Authors: Cochran Sara L.
Published: December 2020

This case describes Mary Kay Independent Sales Director Molly Williamson’s journey as she decided to pursue Mary Kay full-time. Mary Kay is a direct selling skincare and cosmetics company offering a business opportunity to independent entrepreneurs, called Independent Beauty Consultants and Independent Sales Directors, in the business of selling skincare, makeup, and other cosmetic items. The case covers basic topics surrounding direct selling such as definitions to contrast direct selling from pyramid and Ponzi schemes, an overview of the Mary Kay opportunity, and the story of Molly’s early Mary Kay days. The story ends with a synopsis of the success Molly has seen since the decision to go into business for herself, and includes discussion questions for students studying entrepreneurship and small business.
Challenges of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Business Growth: A Case of Footwear Industry
Authors: Islam A. K. M. Hedaitul , Sarker Md. Rayhan , Hossain Md. Israil , Ali Kauser , Noor K. M. Asadun
Published: December 2020

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) create more employment opportunities and thus, contribute to the national economy of a country. Footwear SMEs have been identified as an emerging economy in Bangladesh, which is facing several challenges. Very few studies focused on the challenges of SMEs’ business growth. However, until now, no literature particularly focused on the challenges of footwear SMEs and discussed how to tackle these challenges. To fill this research gap, we use the Fuzzy Delphi Method and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, to find out the degree of importance of critical challenges of footwear SMEs. In our study, 16 critical challenges are identified among which lingering in cash flow (F3), fierce market competition (E1), access to finance (F2), unfavorable bank loan policy (F1), and poor supply chain management (E2) have been ascertained as the top five critical challenges, respectively. This study contributes to the existing literature of SMEs by identifying five new challenges from the context of the footwear industry. Furthermore, we suggest some possible measures to overcome the identified challenges. This study can guide the government, practitioners, and SME policymakers to address these challenges for the growth of any SME sector.
Safety of Anticoagulation in Patients With an Intracranial Hemorrhage at a Comprehensive Stroke Center
Authors: Boyko Sarah F. , Morgan Olivia , Shah Kruti , Chester Katleen
Published: December 2020

Background:

Approximately 10% to 15% of patients who suffer intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) are on therapeutic anticoagulation. Additionally, patients may develop an indication for anticoagulation after ICH. There is minimal guidance with starting anticoagulation after an ICH, and most evidence has evaluated vitamin K antagonists (VKA).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of anticoagulation prescribing following a nontraumatic ICH with VKA, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients admitted with a nontraumatic ICH and an indication for anticoagulation between February 2015 to June 2018 at an urban tertiary comprehensive stroke center. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of prescribing anticoagulation in these patients. Two groups were reviewed to evaluate the primary outcome: patients who were started on anticoagulation after ICH (anticoagulation group) and a comparator group not started on anticoagulation (control group). The primary endpoint was measured by a composite incidence of recurrent ICH, major bleeding events, and thromboembolic events.

Results:

Anticoagulation was started within 2 months in 23 patients with an indication for anticoagulation. Anticoagulation was held in 35 patients. There was no difference in the composite primary endpoint between the 2 groups ( P = .29). The median time to starting anticoagulation was 21 days (IQR 7-28 days).

Conclusions:

This study shows the safety of starting anticoagulation in patients with recent ICH in our cohort of patients and highlights the need for more robust evidence to guide clinical decision making.
A Rare Case of Stroke Following Manual Strangulation
Authors: Selvakumar C. J. , M. Shifa Beegum , kumar Sadeesh
Published: December 2020

Stroke following manual strangulation is a rare presentation. We report a case of 61-year-old man with no known comorbidities presenting with right hemiplegia following manual strangulation. Neuroimaging showed left middle cerebral artery territory infarct along with left posterior watershed infarct. Although isolated cases of thromboembolic stroke and watershed infarcts have been reported, combined watershed infarct and thromboembolic stroke in a person has not been reported till date to the best of our knowledge. The probable mechanism is discussed based on literature review. The need for anticipation of delayed cerebrovascular injuries and appropriate investigations in all strangulation victims who arrive at emergency department is also stressed upon based on this case report.
Common Patterns of Developmental Dentofacial Deformities: A Biologic Classification System
Authors: Posnick Jeffrey C. , Kinard Brian E.
Published: December 2020

Jaw disharmonies that are recognized after birth and that present in association with the pre-pubertal growth spurt are called developmental dentofacial deformities. These deformities occur during the normal growth phase of the face with degrees of either excess or deficiency in one or more vectors of the jaws. Clinical observation combined with radiographic analysis confirms that developmental dentofacial deformities tend to occur in 6 distinct and repetitive biologic patterns. Once the individual’s jaw growth pattern is known, the natural progression of their deformity, the functional consequences on speech articulation, chewing ability, swallowing mechanism, and breathing, and the locations of skeletal dysmorphology that require surgical intervention fall into place. The purpose of the manuscript is to review the 6 common patterns.
Syngnathia with Bony Fusion a Clinical Sign or Part of Syndrome: Cases Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alonso Nivaldo , Neto Joao Batista , Inaba Marina Eguchi , Tonello Cristiano
Published: December 2020

Syngnathia consists in a congenital fusion of maxilla and mandible. It is a rare condition and it may be present in a wide range of severity, from a single mucosal band (synechiae) to a complete bony fusion (synostosis). In this report we present 3 cases of complete congenital bony fusion of the maxilla and mandible with different treatments and outcomes. We discuss the boundaries of the current classification for oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndrome (OLHS) and embryological/developmental aspects related to these conditions. The first case is associated with the cleft palate, hypo development of the tongue, micrognathia and malformations in the 4 limbs and other 2 cases with congenital maxillomandibular fusion without any limbs malformations. In these particularly cases, 2 of them, show complete zygomatic-maxillomandibular fusion. These 3 cases might arouse a discussion about the boundaries of the current classification for OLHS and if syngnathia with bony fusion could be an isolated congenital deformity.
ARPIR: automatic RNA-Seq pipelines with interactive report
Authors: Spinozzi Giulio , Tini Valentina , Adorni Alessia , Falini Brunangelo , Martelli Maria Paola
Published: December 2020

Background

RNA-Seq is an increasing used methodology to study either coding and non-coding RNA expression. There are many software tools available for each phase of the RNA-Seq analysis and each of them uses different algorithms. Furthermore, the analysis consists of several steps regarding alignment (primary-analysis), quantification, differential analysis (secondary-analysis) and any tertiary-analysis and can therefore be time-consuming to deal with each step separately, in addition to requiring a computer knowledge. For this reason, the development of an automated pipeline that allows the entire analysis to be managed through a single initial command and that is easy to use even for those without computer skills can be useful. Faced with the vast availability of RNA-Seq analysis tools, it is first of all necessary to select a limited number of pipelines to include. For this purpose, we compared eight pipelines obtained by combining the most used tools and for each one we evaluated peak of RAM, time, sensitivity and specificity.

Results

The pipeline with shorter times, lower consumption of RAM and higher sensitivity is the one consisting in HISAT2 for alignment, featureCounts for quantification and edgeR for differential analysis. Here, we developed ARPIR, an automated pipeline that recurs by default to the cited pipeline, but it also allows to choose, between different tools, those of the pipelines having the best performances.

Conclusions

ARPIR allows the analysis of RNA-Seq data from groups undergoing different treatment allowing multiple comparisons in a single launch and can be used either for paired-end or single-end analysis. All the required prerequisites can be installed via a configuration script and the analysis can be launched via a graphical interface or by a template script. In addition, ARPIR makes a final tertiary-analysis that includes a Gene Ontology and Pathway analysis. The results can be viewed in an interactive Shiny App and exported in a report (pdf, word or html formats). ARPIR is an efficient and easy-to-use tool for RNA-Seq analysis from quality control to Pathway analysis that allows you to choose between different pipelines.
Impact of simulation-based teamwork training on COVID-19 distress in healthcare professionals
Authors: Beneria Anna , Arnedo Mireia , Contreras Sofia , Pérez-Carrasco Marco , Garcia-Ruiz Itziar , Rodríguez-Carballeira Mónica , Raduà Joaquim , Rius Jordi Bañeras
Published: December 2020

Context

Non-technical skills such as leadership, communication, or situation awareness should lead to effective teamwork in a crisis. This study aimed to analyse the role of these skills in the emotional response of health professionals to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Before the COVID-19 outbreak, 48 doctors and 48 nurses participated in a simulation-based teamwork training program based on teaching non-technical skills through simulation. In May 2020, this group of professionals from a COVID-19 referral hospital was invited to participate in a survey exploring stress, anxiety, and depression, using the PSS-14 (Perceived Stress Scale) and the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) measures. A control group that did not receive the training was included. We conducted a logistic regression to assess whether having attended a simulation-based teamwork training program modified the probability of presenting psychological distress (PSS-14 > 18 or HADS> 12).

Results

A total of 141 healthcare professionals were included, 77 in the intervention group and 64 in the control group. Based on the PSS-14, 70.1% of the intervention group and 75% of the control group (p = 0.342) had symptoms of stress. Having contact with COVID-19 patients [OR 4.16(1.64–10.52)]; having minors in charge [OR 2.75 (1.15–6.53)]; working as a doctor [0.39(0.16–0.95)], and being a woman [OR 2.94(1.09–7.91)] were related with PSS14 symptoms. Based on the HADS, 54.6% of the intervention group and 42.2% of the control group (p = 0.346) had symptoms of anxiety or depression. Having contact with COVID-19 patients [OR 2.17(1.05–4.48)] and having minors in charge [OR 2.14(1.06–4.32)] were related to HADS symptoms. Healthcare professionals who attended COVID-19 patients showed higher levels of anxiety and depression [OR 2.56(1.03–6.36) (p = 0.043)].

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals trained in non-technical skills through simulation tended towards higher levels of anxiety and depression and fewer levels of stress, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ontological representation, classification and data-driven computing of phenotypes
Authors: Uciteli Alexandr , Beger Christoph , Kirsten Toralf , Meineke Frank A. , Herre Heinrich
Published: December 2020

Background

The successful determination and analysis of phenotypes plays a key role in the diagnostic process, the evaluation of risk factors and the recruitment of participants for clinical and epidemiological studies. The development of computable phenotype algorithms to solve these tasks is a challenging problem, caused by various reasons. Firstly, the term ‘phenotype’ has no generally agreed definition and its meaning depends on context. Secondly, the phenotypes are most commonly specified as non-computable descriptive documents. Recent attempts have shown that ontologies are a suitable way to handle phenotypes and that they can support clinical research and decision making.

The SMITH Consortium is dedicated to rapidly establish an integrative medical informatics framework to provide physicians with the best available data and knowledge and enable innovative use of healthcare data for research and treatment optimisation. In the context of a methodological use case ‘phenotype pipeline’ (PheP), a technology to automatically generate phenotype classifications and annotations based on electronic health records (EHR) is developed. A large series of phenotype algorithms will be implemented. This implies that for each algorithm a classification scheme and its input variables have to be defined. Furthermore, a phenotype engine is required to evaluate and execute developed algorithms.

Results

In this article, we present a Core Ontology of Phenotypes (COP) and the software Phenotype Manager (PhenoMan), which implements a novel ontology-based method to model, classify and compute phenotypes from already available data. Our solution includes an enhanced iterative reasoning process combining classification tasks with mathematical calculations at runtime. The ontology as well as the reasoning method were successfully evaluated with selected phenotypes including SOFA score, socio-economic status, body surface area and WHO BMI classification based on available medical data.

Conclusions

We developed a novel ontology-based method to model phenotypes of living beings with the aim of automated phenotype reasoning based on available data. This new approach can be used in clinical context, e.g., for supporting the diagnostic process, evaluating risk factors, and recruiting appropriate participants for clinical and epidemiological studies.
Tunnelling radiation and the microstates of a black hole influenced by the Lorentz invariance violation
Authors: Li Guo-Ping , Chen Bing-Bing
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we have employed the second-order Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) to carefully investigate the effect of quantum gravity on the Hawking radiation of the Dirac particle via tunneling from the Kerr black hole. Firstly, it turns out that the Hawking temperature is not only related to the angular momentum and mass of the black hole, but related to the energy and mass of the emitted particle. In particular, we find that the effective temperature is bigger and bigger with the increase of the energy ω, the angular momentum j and the LIV parameter l

p
, but is smaller and smaller with the increase of the black hole mass M. Also, it further shows that, although quantum gravity speeds up the black-hole evaporation, it will not evaporate completely, instead a remaining mass, temperature and entropy are left. Finally, through a careful count of the number of the microstates taken away by the black-hole radiation, the initial and remaining number of microstates for the Schwarzschild black hole are presented with the inclusion of the LIV-induced quantum gravity effects.
A punishment mechanism in the spatial public goods game with continuous strategies
Authors: Yang Han-Xin , Fu Ming-Jian
Published: December 2020

We propose a punishment mechanism in the spatial public goods game with continuous strategies. The value of strategy denotes the amount that an individual contributes to each group. In a group, the ones who contribute the least will be punished by others and punishers equally share the associated costs. It is found that the punishment fine and the number of individuals being punished in a group play important roles in the evolution of cooperation. Compared with the case of no punishment, the cooperation level increases (decreases) when the number of individuals being punished is less (more) than half of the total number of individuals in a group. For a fixed value of the enhancement factor, the cooperation level increases (decreases) as the punishment fine increases when individuals being punished are the minority (majority) in a group.