bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cadenas globales de valor y sistemas locales: las dos caras de una misma moneda
Authors: De Marchi Valentina
Published: August 2019

En un mundo cada vez más complejo, en el que la competencia es cada vez mayor y más global, los clústeres locales podrían seguir desempeñando un papel muy relevante. El desarrollo de estrategias ancladas en un lugar, caracterizado por dinámicas innovadoras, es clave para poder beneficiarse de la integración en las cadenas globales de valor (CGV) y capturar parte del valor generado en ellas. A través del estudio de la coevolución de los clústeres y las CGV, en este artículo se identifican aquellos elementos que son críticos para el desarrollo de las regiones y los clústeres en el ámbito mundial, pudiendo así explorarse con mayor grado de detalle la complejidad que en la próxima década pueda generar la globalización.
Startups, nuevo foco de las políticas públicas de atracción de talento, knowhow y transferencia de conocimiento. El caso de España e ICEX-Invest in Spain
Authors: Blanco Estévez Adrián
Published: August 2019

En los últimos años diferentes Gobiernos han puesto en marcha programas de atracción de talento emprendedor extranjero, con el objetivo de incorporar mayores capacidades emprendedoras a los tejidos empresariales de sus economías en un entorno caracterizado por una creciente importancia de la innovación. Estos programas se alinean dentro del conjunto de políticas de atracción de inversiones, y por este motivo en ocasiones están siendo liderados por las Agencias de Atracción y Promoción de Inversiones (APIs). En este contexto, en 2016 la Administración española, a través de la agencia ICEX-Invest in Spain, puso en marcha uno de estos programas, Rising Startup Spain, de cuyo diseño e implementación se derivan distintos aprendizajes en materia de políticas públicas.
Does e-commerce facilitate or complicate SMEs' internationalisation?
Authors: Elia Stefano , Giuffrida Maria , Piscitello Lucia
Published: August 2019

El efecto de la revolución digital ha sido escasamente abordado en la internacionalización de las PYME. Este artículo muestra que solo unas pocas empresas italianas en los sectores de la alimentación y la moda utilizan el comercio electrónico para la internacionalización. Las barreras son tanto tradicionales -los costes asociados a la logística y la adaptación a diferentes culturas- como las asociadas con el desconocimiento de los mercados digitales extranjeros, los requisitos legales para el comercio electrónico y el desconocimiento de los canales digitales o de los sistemas de pago en línea.
PEMODELAN DAN ANALISA STRUKTUR MEKANIKA PADA KONTROL SISTEM ADAPTIF END EFFECTOR DENGAN DYNAMIXEL AX-18A MOTOR SERVO
Authors: Anggraini Lydia , Laksono Ardhi Bebi
Published: August 2019

The main objective of this project is to make a descriptive contribution to the understanding of adaptive end-effector design combined with servo motors. The simulation and design of this tool is located at the end of the robotic arm, which is one of the most researched topics in the world of robotics and the automation industry. End-effector is a design system in an automation process that must take into account the many possibilities of statics and mechanical responses in the development of facing intense competition in the industrial world. To determine the enhancements on a robot, the end-effector will be designed taking into account the various possibilities that occur in various variations on the workpiece response, so that it can simulate various levels of friction and pressure as well as the effects of end-effector contacts with various objects. This thesis introduces an integrated design process for the design of two-finger Gripper using simulation. To facilitate the integrated design of the Gripper, the author uses Matlab R2015a software
/ Simulink (SimMechanics) and Inventor as a 3D Cad Model. The Servo motor that will be used here is a type of Dynamixel AX-18A servo motor which has a speed of 97RPM and Torque of 1.8 N.m with a 12Volt voltage. To deal with the industrial revolution 4.0, design and design such as this tool will help in the process of improvisation as technology is growing rapidly in the hope of minimizing excessive costs when making improvements. From this thesis can be seen the power response, torque, speed, power in, power out, efficiency and current. When a case requires certain specifications, then with this calculation it can easily solve the problem simply by replacing the motors that are in accordance with the desired specifications.
DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC STAMPING MACHINE FOR DATE AND DASH CODE MARKING USING PNEUMATIC SYSTEM AND PLC CONTROLLER
Authors: Sutisna Nanang Ali , Firmansyah Reza Alfarisi
Published: August 2019

The research is meant to design an automatic machine for stamping the date and dash code on the master carton for the packaging of the blister-pack. The quantity of existing manual process in producing the master carton does not meet with the demands, therefore, it needs a machine that improve the production process with the following characteristic: fast, easy to use and maintain, and also affordable in order to support the cost saving program. The design uses pneumatic system with PLC controller to automate the process.
OPTIMATION PARAMETERS OF CNC MILLING PROGRAMMING MACHINE ON THE PROCESS TIME AND ITS EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY
Authors: Anggraini Lydia , Junixsen Ivan
Published: August 2019

The problems revealed in this research is about Optimization parameters of CNC milling programing machine on the process time and its effect on the efficiency. The purpose of this research are to know the effect of feed rate, depth of cut, and maximum stepdown on processing time in CNC milling programming and searching for the best machining parameters that yield optimal processing time on CNC milling programming. The result can be in the simulation of machining distance or operation time, length of feed step or feed cut length, and length of step without feeding or fast traverse length. Experiment result data is used for see the influence, and contribution of each parameter to the machining process time, also the contribution of the optimized parameters for each process that makes the CNC milling machining process time, and cost will be more efficient.
FEM Simulation of Electric Car Chassis Design with Torsional Bar Technology
Authors: Sutisna Nanang Ali , Akbar M. Fajar Aulia Ansela
Published: August 2019

A design of electrical vehicle chasis is presented, specifically a FEM simulation is employed to simulate the different kind of load and reaction on vehicle frame. The main goal in this research is to develop an electric car with torsion bar, where the frame will have a self-suspension system. The frame design will be made as original equipment. This research will focus on how an electric car chassis withstand certain load with a defined boundary condition, where the analysis is conducted using Finite element Method using ANSYS software. The main analysis is the Von-Misses Stress, the safety factor, bending, torsion shear stress and vibration.
SIMULASI AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH DAN AUTOMATIC MAINS FAILURE DENGAN PLC OMRON SYSMAC CP1E
Authors: Suhanto Suhanto
Published: August 2019

Electric power supply is the main requirement of equipment at the airport, therefore the reliability of the supply of power supplies is a top priority to support flight services. In addition to PLN as the main power supply the generator is used to supply a backup power supply. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and Automatic Mains Failure (AMF) control systems are needed to regulate the switching of power supplies from PLN to Genset or vice versa. The ATS and AMF control systems use the Omron Sysmac CP1E PLC with a display using Easy Builder 8000 from Weintek which functions as an ATS and AMF monitor and control. Test results on ATS and AMF in manual and automatic modes, the system runs well.
Keywords. Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS), Automatic Mains Failure (AMF), PLC
Námsmat í deiglu þekkingarmiðaðs lýðræðis
Authors: Þórólfsson Meyvant
Published: August 2019

Assessment in higher education resembles assessment in other educational levels, except that in universities and colleges certain conflicts are more conspicuous. They embody the nature, processing and alleged relativity of knowledge. For simplification purposes these conflicts might be conceived as a tension between two main perspectives. On the one hand there is the traditional view towards learning and assessment, the perspective of technocracy and essentialism. On the other hand there is a student-centred view advocating that students engage in organising their learning and assessment and feedback intended to promote learning and teaching is emphasised. This perspective is labelled as the view of democracy in this article. Underlying are various ideas about knowledge, such as empiricism and rationalism and suggestions that knowledge is subjective, relative, and subject to changes. The main argument here is that assessment may act as a douple-edged weapon; it may be used as a scourge against students and even as means to humiliate and impede learning and self efficacy. Á hinn bóginn megi beita því í þágu náms og kennslu. Þannig hafa ábendin On the other hand assessment can be used to enhance learning and instruction. Thus ideas like Stiggins, Arter, Chappuis and Chappuis (2004) have suggested are receiving increased attention, where they maintain that a balance between assessment of learning and assessment for learning is vital and thus using the merits of both to ensure education of high quality for all.
Asymmetry of Kazakh velar and uvular consonants
Authors: Yawney Heather
Published: August 2019

Little descriptive work has been done on the place and voicing restrictions of the asymmetrical velar and uvular consonant inventory in Kazakh. In Kazakh, velar and uvular consonants are restricted depending on their neighbouring vowel. Velars appear in front vowel environments and uvulars appear in back vowel environments (place restriction). Voiced and voiceless velars and uvulars are restricted depending on their position in the word. At the morpheme boundary, velars and uvulars are voiceless in the word-final position and voiced in the stem-final position, when followed by a vowel-initial suffix (voicing restriction). The results from elicitation-based production experiments with six native Kazakh speakers reveal that the place restriction is not productive from real words to nonce words but the voicing restriction is. The data suggests a derived-environment effect where the resulting voicing process is conditioned morphologically. A theoretical analysis within Optimality Theory captures the voicing pattern using an indexed-markedness constraint and Local Conjunction.
The Development Analysis of Ability Memorizing in Qur'an on Early Childhood at PAUD Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Dahliani Dahliani , Yus Anita , Sitorus Masganti
Published: August 2019

This study aims to: (1) Analyze the implementation of learning to memorize the Qur'an in early childhood, (2) Analyze the ability to memorize the Qur'an in early childhood, (3) Describe the supporting factors and (4) describe the factors inhibitors of memorizing the Qur'an in early childhood in PAUD Bait Qurany Saleh Rahmany. Research using qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection techniques used in this study were: interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis in this study uses the interaction model of Miles and Huberman, with steps : data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing or verification. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of learning to memorize the Qur'an in early childhood is done by using the talqin method, memorization techniques with Jarimatika formula, with visual, audio and kinesthetic patterns, (2) the ability to memorize the Qur'an ' in children, namely the ability of natural talent that is trained repeatedly and optimally until it becomes an achievement, (3) supporting factors in memorizing the Qur'an, namely parent support, interests and talents, and adequate school facilities, (4) factors inhibitors in memorization are the internal factors of the child and the external factors of the child. The results of the research are recommended to be applied in all Paud based on qur'an tahfiz by collaborating on the national curriculum and school-specific curriculum.
Uji Aktivitas Lektin Biji Kebiul terhadap Kecepatan Penggumpalan Sel Darah Merah Manusia dalam Kondisi Patologis dan Implementasinya sebagai Modul Pembelajaran Kimia
Authors: Trianah Yeni
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT[Lectin activities of kebiul seeds to the red blood cell agglutination speed in pathological condition and its implementation as a chemical learning module]. The purposes of this research were to determine: 1) the relative moleculer mass protein that behaves as a lectin in the seed extract kebiul , 2) the velocity of red blood cell clumping influenced by seed lectin kebiul, 3) know the difference student results on protein taught modules and a without modules taught at the College of Teacher Training and Education Teachers Association of the Republic of Indonesia (STKIP-PGRI) Lubuklinggau. Extraction of seeds Kebiul carried out in the a cold buffer solution with pH 7.4 and plus 60% saturated ammonium sulfat (salting out method), and made in four concentrations, namely : 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. Then tested the activity of seed lectin kebiul to speed clotting of human red blood cells in pathological conditions. To determine the relative molecular mass protein that behaves as a lectin in the seed extract kebiul SDS PAGE electrophoresis performed 1-D. The experiment were then implemented on the material of protein biochemistry using modules. The results of the research showed that on the concentration of 8% the velocity of the clumping of a human red blood cells hypertension most of the highest, the relative molecular mass which behaves as a lectin protein electrophoresis results of 1-D SDS PAGE obtained by a three protein bands in the range of moleculer weights 80, 128 and 144 kDa. The Results of the implementation of the experimental class showed an average `post test value was 95 and the post test control class 69.41. There are differences in students' learning about protein for students who are taught by module and who are taught without module.Keywords: Lectin; agglutination; blood; 1-D SDS PAGE; learning outcomes.
Analisis Shear Strain dan Kerusakan Bangunan Akibat Gempa Bumi di Kecamatan Gading Cempaka dan Ratu Agung Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Lestari Kurnia , Farid Muchammad , Mayub Afrizal
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT  [The Analysis of Shear Strain and Building Damage due to Earthquake at Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung District in Bengkulu City]. The aims of this research are to: (1) determine and mapping the distribution of shear strain values, (2) correlate between shear strains with building damage Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung caused by earthwuake at sub district in Bengkulu city. Microtremor data were taken at 108 observation points then analyzed using HVSR method to obtain amplification factor and dominant frequency values..The result showed that shear strain value of Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung sub district in Bengkulu city are relatively heterogeneous although in the same geological formation type. The earthquake in 2007 is estimated to be 3.38% potential to deform the land surface in the form of fractures and settlements and 96, 62% potentially experience shocks due to waves and vibrations due to earthquake. The earthquake of 2000 estimated that almost the entire area of Gading Cempaka and Ratu Agung has the potential to experience shocks due to waves and vibrations due to earthquake that is equal to 97% while potentially liquefaction (ambles) occurs by 3%. The correlation between shear strain with the damage of buildings due to earthquake shows the relationship is directly proportional to the function y = 15267x + 26.219 with the coefficient of resgression of    = 0.671. Keywords:  Earthquake;  HVSR method;  microtremor;  shear strain.
Design of Information Systems for Food Distribution Control in LDPM Batutaba Sepakat
Authors: Lestari Novia
Published: August 2019

This study aims to assist LDPM (Community Food Distribution Institute) in facilitating the recording of transactions and distribution of grain from and to farmers so that it can provide information that can speed up the work process at LDPM Batutaba Agreed in serving farmers who sell grain at LDPM Batu Taba Sepakat. This information system itself was built using Object Oriented Programming Language, Delphi 7. With the SDLC system development model consisting of 7 (seven) steps, namely identification and selection, initiation and planning, analysis, logical design, physical design, implementation, and maintenance expected can create an information system that is in accordance with the needs of the LDPM Batu Taba Sepakat, so that there is an increase in food sales and distribution transaction data management that can improve the welfare of the people of Batu Taba, especially farmers.
Alat Pengukur Keatomikan Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak Berbasis Kemajemukan Kalimat
Authors: Husen Jati Hiliamsyah , Riskiana Rosa Reska
Published: August 2019

Keatomikan kebutuhan perangkat lunak adalah bagian penting dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak. Kebutuhan yang bersifat tidak atomik dapat mengakibatkan masalah serius dalam proses pengembangan perangkat lunak. Kami membangun metode perhitungan keatomikan kebutuhan perangkat lunak berdasarkan kemajemukan kalimat spesifikasi kebutuhan perangkat lunak. Untuk menguji metode tersebut kami membuat alat pengukur keatomikan yang hasilnya kami bandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan ahli. Kami mendapatkan sistem kami memiliki akurasi sebesar 75%. Kami juga menemukan masalah-masalah seperti pendeteksian konteks dan ketergantungan terhadap kebenaran struktur kalimat yang harus diperbaiki agar metode kami dapat digunakan dengan baik.
Convolutional Neural Network untuk Pengenalan Citra Notasi Musik
Authors: Hakim Dzikry Maulana , Rainarli Ednawati
Published: August 2019

Optical Music Recognition (OMR) adalah suatu cara untuk melakukan pengenalan pada notasi musik secara otomatis. Masalah utama dalam pendeteksian notasi musik adalah bagaimana sistem dapat mendeteksi sebuah notasi musik dan kemudian mengenali notasi musik tersebut. Notasi musik yang telah dikenali oleh mesin dapat dimanfaatkan untuk diproses kembali menjadi suara. Pada penelitian ini, proses segmentasi dilakukan untuk memotong setiap notasi. Untuk pengenalan notasi musik digunakan Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Arsitektur CNN yang dipakai adalah kernel 3x3, jumlah layer pada feature learning sebanyak 3 convolutional layer dan 3 pooling layer, filter pada convolutional layer 64,128, 256 dan jumlah neuron pada hidden layer sebanyak 7168. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua cara, yang pertama menguji performasi CNN menggunakan data notasi musik yang telah dipotong dan yang kedua adalah melakukan pengujian menggunakan sebaris notasi musik. Nilai akurasi yang didapatkan untuk pengenalan sebaris notasi musik tidak terlalu besar, yaitu 26,19%. Walaupun untuk proses segmentasi masih belum maksimal dalam memotong setiap notasi, namun metode CNN bekerja sangat baik untuk mengenali setiap notasi musik yang telah dipotong dengan benar. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai akurasi yang mencapai 95,56%.
Tumores Benignos de Ovario en la edad Pediátrica y Adolescencia
Authors: Salinas Salinas Vicente Anibal , Fajardo Ponce Gabriela Yulissa , Luna Montalván Julian Alfonso , Luna Panimboza Victoria Samanta , Ramírez Pico Juan Alfredo , Moreno Espinoza Andy Michael
Published: August 2019

Introducción: Los tumores ováricos son raros en la edad pediátrica y representan del 1 al 5% de los tumores infantiles. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer cuáles son los tumores de ovario más frecuentes en nuestro medio en niñas y adolescentes en un centro oncológico de la ciudad de Guayaquil-Ecuador.

Métodos: El presente estudio es descriptivo y retrospectivo, en la que se realiza una revisión de registros de niñas y adolescentes con diagnóstico de tumores de ovario, en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” en el período de enero 2015 a mayo del 2017. Las variables registradas fueron edad, diagnóstico ecográfico, diagnostico histopatológico, ovario afecto, características clínicas, salpingectomía, marcadores tumorales. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva.

Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 32 pacientes de 12.7 años promedio. El ovario más afectado fue el derecho con una relación 2.2: 1 y en 9 % fue bilateral. La histología reportada de los quistes serosos fueron el 21 % quiste folicular y 18.5 % por quiste lúteo. Los quistes simples representaron el 15.25 %, el cistoadenoma y el teratoma maduro con un 9 %, el quiste dermoide y le endometrioma con un 3 %. El dolor fue el síntoma más llamativo estado como síntoma único en 65.5 %. El 18.75 % terminó en anexectomía con ooforectomía por extensión del quiste, el 81.25 % solo requirió quistectomía.

Conclusión: La histología reportada en esta serie de tumores benignos de ovario, los quistes serosos foliculares fueron los más prevalentes, seguidos de los quistes lúteos. El dolor pélvico fue el síntoma más llamativo. La mayoría de los casos requirieron quistectomía y el 19 % requirió adicionalmente ooforectomía.
Unsettling aging futures: Challenging colonial-normativity in social gerontology
Authors: Chazan May
Published: August 2019

This article explores the stories of two women activists, both in their mid to later lives, both grandmothers, and both Indigenous to what is now Canada. Both women participated in intergenerational storytelling research in 2017, as part of a multiyear (2016–2020) oral history project. The article brings their stories into dialogue with critical writings on “successful aging” discourse and notions of “happy aging futures” while also reaching beyond gerontology to examine related work by Indigenous scholars in other fields. In doing so, it challenges the ongoing colonial-normativity of interrelated gerontological conceptualizations of generativity and futurity, building on existing efforts to queer and crip these concepts. It ultimately contributes to efforts to understand complexity among multiple aging experiences, opening possibilities of livable and positive futures among those who do not identify with dominant images of wealthy, physically fit older couples with grandchildren.
Measurement of media pedagogical competences of adult educators
Authors: Rohs Matthias , Schmidt-Hertha Bernhard , Rott Karin Julia , Bolten Ricarda
Published: August 2019

Media pedagogical competence is critical for the modern-day adult educator. In the process of adult learning, both the use of digital media in the classroom and the transfer of knowledge in dealing with media are the basis for social participation and individual development that must be provided by teachers. However, at present little or no research has been conducted that assess media pedagogical competence of adult educators. Moreover, an instrument to measure media pedagogical competence was lacking. In order to redress these concerns, in the present paper an instrument for objectively measuring media pedagogical competence is designed and piloted with adult educators (n=622). The study provides the first results concerning objective measurement of adult educator media pedagogical competence.
DESAIN PRODUK MAKANAN LOKAL BERBASIS INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH
Authors: COMMED Jurnal
Published: August 2019

Increasing the number of local food businesses in the form of products that are worth selling the industry isincreasing in quantity and quality. Bogor is one of the tourist destinations with local food identity. Thereforethe research has purposes (1). Describe the visual communication design of food label of small and mediumindustry circulating in Bogor city. (2). Describe the aspects of small and medium industry food labels thathave been adopted by small and medium-sized industries. (3). Analyze consumer buying interest in small andmedium industries. The research method uses a qualitative approach where the analysis used is the case andthe semantics of the product are visually observed. The results show that the local product has a culturalaesthetic value that is able to lift tourism by generating visual communication design, by showing the labelinformation aspects of the production contained on the packaging. It can be able to attribute tourist visits inconsuming local products by improving the quality of packaging product design.
SEMIOTIKA MASKULINITAS DAN FEMINITAS STUDI ATAS KONSTRUKSI GAYA HIDUP DAN IDENTITAS GENDER DALAM IKLAN
Authors: COMMED Jurnal
Published: August 2019

Lifestyle which attached to daily life has become a necessity for men and women. Lifestyle in advertisements often made the audience interested to follow it up. The audiences were made to consume products that were advertised to achieve the ideal lifestyle depicted in the ads. The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle of men and women in men's product advertisements and women's product advertisements and also how the construction process. Methods and theories that were used in this study were semiotics of Roland Barthes. This study found that men’s product advertisements emphasized men’s lifestyle with masculine image. Women’s product advertisements instilled women’s lifestyle attached to appearances. Ads also brought new habits both for men and women as part of their lifestyle. Ads looked like to dictate people's lifestyles by providing an idea of how a person should look, what to eat, and how to spend leisure
Reformasi Agraria Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla dalam Konsep dan Realita Kepemimpinan yang Fasilitatif (Facilitative Leadership)
Authors: Adji Suradji Muhammad Khairul Ikhsan,
Published: August 2019

The The focus of the discussion in this paper will examine leadership theoretically and case studies are seen as an important element in bringing stakeholders to direct them to carry out collaborative processes or what we call Facilitative Leadership. But this concept of leadership is not a traditional leadership concept that has been known. Jokowi-Jusuf Kalla's leadership contains the agenda of the Agrarian Reform which starts from the regions and villages. In the Nine Priority Agenda, also known as Nawacita, it was stated that agrarian reform in the form of direct pledging guarantees legal certainty in land ownership rights, resolving land disputes and opposing the criminalization of the resumption of community land rights. It is interesting to study how the correlation of the National Agrarian Reform Program by the Government of President Joko Widodo is if we relate it to the concept of facilitative leadership.
Distributed Recovery of a Gaussian Source in Interference with Successive Lattice Processing
Authors: Chapman Christian , Kinsinger Matthew , Agaskar Ameya , Bliss Daniel W.
Published: August 2019

A scheme for recovery of a signal by distributed listeners in the presence of Gaussian interference is constructed by exhausting an “iterative power reduction” property. An upper bound for the scheme’s achieved mean-squared-error distortion is derived. The strategy exposes a parameter search problem, which, when solved, causes the scheme to outperform others of its kind. Performance of a blocklength-one scheme is simulated and is seen to improve over plain source coding without compression in the presence of many interferers, and experiences less outages over ensembles of channels.
An Improved Directional Relay Adapted to a Distribution Network with IIG Integration
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Zheng Tao , Wang Minghao , Zhao Hongcheng , Wang Xingguo
Published: August 2019

The integration of distributed generation (DG) into a distribution network changes the network’s topology. Three-stage current protection for a radial distribution network cannot meet the requirements of relay protection for a distribution network with DG. A directional relay that is based on the positive sequence fault component (PSFC) can effectively identify faults in the positive and negative directions and can be used to solve the adaptability problem with three-stage current protection in a multi-source distribution network. However, DG and the traditional generators have different fault characteristics and are affected by different control strategies, which may lower the sensitivity of a directional relay based on the PSFC or even cause mal-operation. Focusing on this problem, this paper proposes an improved directional relay that is adapted to a distribution network with inverter-interfaced generation (IIG) integration. The improved scheme divides the operation zone of the directional relay based on the PSFC into sensitive and insensitive areas. If the result of a phase comparison is located in the insensitive area, further identification is needed according to a comparison of the current amplitudes. Simulation experiments are carried out based on PSCAD/EMTDC, and their results verify the correctness of the proposed scheme.
The Burden of Caring: An Exploratory Study of the Older Persons Caring for Adult Children with AIDS-Related Illnesses in Rural Communities in South Africa
Authors: Ntuli Makhosazane , Madiba Sphiwe
Published: August 2019

Since the start of the HIV and AIDS epidemic, very little research has been conducted on the older persons’ provision of HIV-related care to adult children. This is despite the fact that a large proportion of adults who die of AIDS-related illnesses stay with their elderly parents during the terminal stage of their illnesses. This paper explores how older persons in rural settings experience caring for their adult children with AIDS-related illnesses. In-depth interviews took place with older persons aged 60 years and above. The qualitative data analysis was informed by thematic approach to identify and report themes using inductive approach. The paper found that the older persons undertake the caring role without resources and support. As a result, they are burdened with having to care for adult children with AIDS-related illness. Fatigue arising from the hard work of physically caring for their sick adult children day and night adds to the physical burden on the older persons. Older persons will continue to carry the burden of caring for people with AIDS-related illnesses due to the increase in the number of new infections in South Africa. There is a need to involve them in HIV/AIDS programmes; their experience and wisdom would surely contribute positively and assist in addressing HIV prevention.
The Impacts of the Hierarchical Medical System on National Health Insurance on the Resident’s Health Seeking Behavior in Taiwan: A Case Study on the Policy to Reduce Hospital Visits
Authors: Yan Yu-Hua , Kung Chih-Ming , Yeh Horng-Ming
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study investigated the impacts of the hierarchical medical system under the national health insurance program on residents’ healthcare-seeking behavior in Taiwan. Background: Healthcare authorities in Taiwan initiated an allowance reduction for outpatient visits at regional hospitals and higher hierarchical hospitals in 2018. The ultimate goal is to implement a hierarchical medical system to provide residents accessible as well as consistent medical services. Methods: This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and data were collected between August and December 2018 from the records of subjects who had recently sought medical attention. A total of 1340 valid questionnaires were returned. Results: A principal finding was that there were significant differences in the knowledge of new policies by age, marital status, annual income, education level, and occupation (p < 0.001). Regarding the effects on healthcare-seeking behavior, there were significant differences from persons aged 40–49 years (p < 0.1), in junior high school (p < 0.05), not aware of the policy (p < 0.001), and awareness of both the hierarchical medical system and the policy to reduce outpatient visits to large hospitals (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The health administration authorities should devote more effort into promoting knowledge of the policy in order to better inform the public about the hierarchical medical system.
Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Is a Mediator of Fate-Decision of Adult Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Lo Van Amanda , Hachem Mayssa , Lagarde Michel , Bernoud-Hubac Nathalie
Published: August 2019

The mammalian brain is enriched with lipids that serve as energy catalyzers or secondary messengers of essential signaling pathways. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized de novo at low levels in humans, an endogenous supply from its precursors, and is mainly incorporated from nutrition, an exogeneous supply. Decreased levels of DHA have been reported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Preventing this decrease or supplementing the brain with DHA has been considered as a therapy for the DHA brain deficiency that could be linked with neuronal death or neurodegeneration. The mammalian brain has, however, a mechanism of compensation for loss of neurons in the brain: neurogenesis, the birth of neurons from neural stem cells. In adulthood, neurogenesis is still present, although at a slower rate and with low efficiency, where most of the newly born neurons die. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been shown to require lipids for proper metabolism for proliferation maintenance and neurogenesis induction. Recent studies have focused on the effects of these essential lipids on the neurobiology of NSPCs. This review aimed to introduce the possible use of DHA to impact NSPC fate-decision as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Mast Cell Responses to Viruses and Pathogen Products
Authors: Marshall Jean S. , Portales-Cervantes Liliana , Leong Edwin
Published: August 2019

Mast cells are well accepted as important sentinel cells for host defence against selected pathogens. Their location at mucosal surfaces and ability to mobilize multiple aspects of early immune responses makes them critical contributors to effective immunity in several experimental settings. However, the interactions of mast cells with viruses and pathogen products are complex and can have both detrimental and positive impacts. There is substantial evidence for mast cell mobilization and activation of effector cells and mobilization of dendritic cells following viral challenge. These cells are a major and under-appreciated local source of type I and III interferons following viral challenge. However, mast cells have also been implicated in inappropriate inflammatory responses, long term fibrosis, and vascular leakage associated with viral infections. Progress in combating infection and boosting effective immunity requires a better understanding of mast cell responses to viral infection and the pathogen products and receptors we can employ to modify such responses. In this review, we outline some of the key known responses of mast cells to viral infection and their major responses to pathogen products. We have placed an emphasis on data obtained from human mast cells and aim to provide a framework for considering the complex interactions between mast cells and pathogens with a view to exploiting this knowledge therapeutically. Long-lived resident mast cells and their responses to viruses and pathogen products provide excellent opportunities to modify local immune responses that remain to be fully exploited in cancer immunotherapy, vaccination, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Fluoxetine Suppresses Glutamate- and GABA-Mediated Neurotransmission by Altering SNARE Complex
Authors: Lazarevic Vesna , Mantas Ioannis , Flais Ivana , Svenningsson Per
Published: August 2019

Major depressive disorder is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders worldwide. The treatment of choice that shows good efficacy in mood stabilization is based on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Their primary mechanism of action is considered to be the increased synaptic concentration of serotonin through blockade of the serotonin transporter (SERT). In this study, we described an alternative mode of action of fluoxetine (FLX), which is a representative member of the SSRI class of antidepressants. We observed that FLX robustly decreases both glutamatergic and gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic synaptic release in a SERT-independent manner. Moreover, we showed that this effect may stem from the ability of FLX to change the levels of main components of the SNARE (solubile N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex. Our data suggest that this downregulation of SNARE fusion machinery involves diminished activity of protein kinase C (PKC) due to FLX-induced blockade of P/Q type of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Taken together, by virtue of its inhibition at SERT, fluoxetine increases extracellular serotonin levels; however, at the same time, by reducing SNARE complex function, this antidepressant reduces glutamate and GABA release.
mRNA and miRNA Expression Analysis Reveal the Regulation for Flower Spot Patterning in Phalaenopsis ‘Panda’
Authors: Zhao Anjin , Cui Zheng , Li Tingge , Pei Huiqin , Sheng Yuhui , Li Xueqing , Zhao Ying , Zhou Yang , Huang Wenjun , Song Xiqiang , Peng Ting , Wang Jian
Published: August 2019

Phalaenopsis cultivar ‘Panda’ is a beautiful and valuable ornamental for its big flower and unique big spots on the petals and sepals. Although anthocyanins are known as the main pigments responsible for flower colors in Phalaenopsis, and the anthocyanins biosynthetic pathway in Phalaenopsis is generally well known, the detailed knowledge of anthocynins regulation within the spot and non-spot parts in ‘Panda’ flower is limited. In this study, transcriptome and small RNA libraries analysis from spot and non-spot sepal tissues of ‘Panda’ were performed, and we found PeMYB7, PeMYB11, and miR156g, miR858 is associated with the purple spot patterning in its sepals. Transcriptome analyses showed a total 674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 424 downregulated and 250 upregulated (Non-spot-VS-Spot), and 10 candidate DEGs involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The qPCR analysis confirmed that seven candidate structure genes (PeANS, PeF3′H, PeC4H, PeF3H, PeF3H1, Pe4CL2, and PeCHI) have significantly higher expressing levels in spot tissues than non-spot tissues. A total 1552 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were detected with 676 downregulated and 876 upregulated. However, microRNA data showed no DEMs targeting on anthocyanin biosynthesis structure gene, while a total 40 DEMs target transcription factor (TF) genes, which expressed significantly different level in spot via non-spot sepal, including 2 key MYB regulator genes. These results indicated that the lack of anthocyanidins in non-spot sepal may not directly be caused by microRNA suppressing anthocyanidin synthesis genes rather than the MYB genes. Our findings will help in understanding the role of miRNA molecular mechanisms in the spot formation pattern of Phalaenopsis, and would be useful to provide a reference to similar research in other species.
Optimization of Low-Cost Ti-35421 Titanium Alloy: Phase Transformation, Bimodal Microstructure, and Combinatorial Mechanical Properties
Authors: Chen Fuwen , Xu Guanglong , Cui Yuwen , Chang Hui
Published: August 2019

A sophisticated understanding of phase transformations and microstructure evolution is crucial in mechanical property optimization for the newly developed low-cost Ti-35421 (Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe wt.%) titanium alloy. The phase transformations in dual-phase Ti-35421 were studied by experiments and thermo-kinetic modeling. The phase transformation reactions and temperature ranges were determined as β→αlamellar [410–660 °C], αlamellar→β [660–740 °C], αlath→β [740–825 °C]. The Gibbs-Thomson effect and multicomponent diffusivities were proven to be responsible for the distinguishing behaviors of growth and dissolution between two α phases. The aging temperature of 540 °C was optimized based on calculations. It introduced a bimodal microstructure containing stubby α lamellae and β matrix. The mechanical properties of bimodal Ti-35421 were tested and compared with baseline alloy Ti-B19 and other near-β titanium alloys. The 540 °C aged alloy exhibits an optimal combination of mechanical properties with tensile strength of 1313 MPa, yield strength of 1240 MPa, elongation of 8.62%, and fracture toughness of 75.8 MPa·m1/2. The bimodal Ti-35421 shows comparable performance to Ti-B19 but has lower cost in raw materials and processing. The results also demonstrate that thermo-kinetic modeling can effectively be utilized in tailoring microstructure and enhancing mechanical properties.
Orientation-Independent Yield Stress and Activation Volume of Dislocation Nucleation in LiTaO3 Single Crystal by Nanoindentation
Authors: Ma Yi , Huang Xianwei , Song Yuxuan , Hang Wei , Yuan Julong , Zhang Taihua
Published: August 2019

Relying on nanoindentation technology, we investigated the elastic-to-plastic transition via first pop-in event and estimated the corresponding shear stress for incipient plasticity, i.e., yielding in the three typical orientations, i.e., X-112°, Y-36°, and Y-42° planes. The occurrence of incipient plasticity exhibited a stochastic distribution in a wide range for the three orientations. Accordingly, the obtained values of yield stress were uniform and scattered in the range from about 4 to 7 GPa for LiTaO3 single crystal. The orientation effect on yield stress at the nano-scale was revealed to be insignificant in LiTaO3 single crystal. The yield stresses were 5.44 ± 0.41, 5.74 ± 0.59, and 5.34 ± 0.525 GPa for the X-112°, Y-36°, and Y-42° planes, respectively. The activation volumes of dislocation nucleation were computed based on the cumulative distribution of yield stress, which were 12 Å3, 8 Å3, and 9 Å3 for the X-112°, Y-36°, and Y-42° planes. The results indicated that point-like defects could be the source of plastic initiation on the surface of LiTaO3 single crystal.
Improving the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of XNBR Using ILs/KH550-Functionalized Multilayer Graphene
Authors: Chen Duoli , Gan Chaoliang , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhang Lin , Li Wen , Zhu Minhao , Quan Xin
Published: August 2019

Graphene has been considered an ideal nanoscale reinforced phase for preparing high-performance composites, but the poor compatibility and weak interfacial interaction with the matrix have limited its application. Here a highly effective and environmentally friendly method for the functionalization of graphene is proposed through an interaction between as-exfoliated graphene and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550), in which 1-butylsulfonate-3-methylimidazolium bisulfate (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4) ionic-liquids-modified graphene was prepared via an electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4) solution, then (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4)-modified graphene as a precursor was reacted with amine groups of KH550 for obtaining (BSO3HMIm)(HSO4)/KH550-functionalized graphene. The final products as filler into carboxylated acrylonitrile‒butadiene rubber (XNBR) improve the dynamic mechanical properties. The improvement in the dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposite mainly depends on high interfacial interaction and graphene’s performance characteristics, as well as a good dispersion between functionalized graphene and the XNBR matrix.
Tribological Properties of Single (AlSi7/SiCp, AlSi7/GCsf) and Hybrid (AlSi7/SiCp + GCsf) Composite Layers Formed in Sleeves via Centrifugal Casting
Authors: Dolata Anna Janina , Dyzia Maciej , Wieczorek Jakub
Published: August 2019

When designing the composition and structure of a composite material intended for tribological cooperation, many external and structural factors must be considered. The aim of this research was to compare the tribological properties (wear resistance and friction coefficient) of AlSi7Mg1Sr0.03/SiCp and AlSi7Mg1Sr0.03/GCsf single-reinforced composite layers with AlSi7Mg1Sr0.03/SiCp + GCsf hybrid composite layer formed in sleeves via vertical centrifugal casting. Profilometry enabled quantitative and qualitative analyses to be performed on the wear traces formed on investigated surfaces. The results show that a hybrid composite layer containing spherical glassy carbon particles had a significantly lower and more stable coefficient of friction (μ) and a higher wear resistance compared with single composite layers. The obtained effect was related to the mechanism of vitreous carbon consumption, which was crushed during operation, and then introduced between the cooperating friction surfaces. In this way, it acted as a solid lubricant, which stabilized the coefficient of friction and reduced the wear process.
An Insight into the Data Structure of the Dynamic Batch Means Algorithm with Binary Tree Code
Authors: Chih Mingchang
Published: August 2019

Batching is a well-known method used to estimate the variance of the sample mean in steady-state simulation. Dynamic batching is a novel technique employed to implement traditional batch means estimators without the knowledge of the simulation run length a priori. In this study, we reinvestigated the dynamic batch means (DBM) algorithm with binary tree hierarchy and further proposed a binary coding idea to construct the corresponding data structure. We also present a closed-form expression for the DBM estimator with binary tree coding idea. This closed-form expression implies a mathematical expression that clearly defines itself in an algebraic binary relation. Given that the sample size and storage space are known in advance, we can show that the computation complexity in the closed-form expression for obtaining the indexes c j ( k ) , i.e., the batch mean shifts s , is less than the effort in recursive expression.
What Is the Clinical Evidence Supporting Trauma Team Training (TTT): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Noonan Michael , Olaussen Alexander , Mathew Joseph , Mitra Biswadev , Smit De Villiers , Fitzgerald Mark
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Major trauma centres manage severely injured patients using multi-disciplinary teams but the evidence-base that targeted Trauma Team Training (TTT) improves patients’ outcomes is unclear. This systematic review aimed to identify the association between the implementation of TTT programs and patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: We searched OVID Medline, PubMed and The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from the date of the database commencement until 10 of April 2019 for a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords relating to TTT and clinical outcomes. Reference lists of appraised studies were also screened for relevant articles. We extracted data on the study setting, type and details about the learners, as well as clinical outcomes of mortality and/or time to critical interventions. A meta-analysis of the association between TTT and mortality was conducted using a random effects model. Results: The search yielded 1136 unique records and abstracts, of which 18 full texts were reviewed. Nine studies met final inclusion, of which seven were included in a meta-analysis of the primary outcome. There were no randomised controlled trials. TTT was not associated with mortality (Pooled overall odds ratio (OR) 0.83; 95% Confidence Interval; 0.64–1.09). TTT was associated with improvements in time to operating theatre and time to first computerized tomography (CT) scanning. Conclusions: Despite few publications related to TTT, its introduction was associated with improvements in time to critical interventions. Whether such improvements can translate to improvements in patient outcomes remains unknown. Further research focusing on the translation of standardised trauma team reception “actions” into TTT is required to assess the association between TTT and patient outcome.