bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industrial Water Pollution Discharge Taxes in China: A Multi-Sector Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Guo Xiaolin , Ho Mun Sing , You Liangzhi , Cao Jing , Fang Yu , Tu Taotao , Hong Yang
Published: November 2018

We explore how water pollution policy reforms in China could reduce industrial wastewater pollution with minimum adverse impact on GDP growth. We use a multi-sector dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, jointly developed by Harvard University and Tsinghua University, to examine the long-term impact of pollution taxes. A firm-level dataset of wastewater and COD discharge is compiled and aggregated to provide COD-intensities for 22 industrial sectors. We simulated the impact of 4 different sets of Pigovian taxes on the output of these industrial sectors, where the tax rate depends on the COD-output intensity. In the baseline low rate of COD tax, COD discharge is projected to rise from 36 million tons in 2018 to 48 million in 2030, while GDP grows at 6.9% per year. We find that raising the COD tax by 8 times will lower COD discharge by 1.6% by 2030, while a high 20-times tax will cut it by 4.0%. The most COD-intensive sectors—textile goods, apparel, and food products—have the biggest reduction in output and emissions. The additional tax revenue is recycled by cutting existing taxes, including taxes on profits, leading to higher investment. This shift from consumption to investment leads to a slightly higher GDP over time.
Monitoring Water Resources Governance Progress Globally: Experiences from Monitoring SDG Indicator 6.5.1 on Integrated Water Resources Management Implementation
Authors: Bertule Maija , Glennie Paul , Koefoed Bjørnsen Peter , James Lloyd Gareth , Kjellen Marianne , Dalton James , Rieu-Clarke Alistair , Romano Oriana , Tropp Håkan , Newton Joshua , Harlin Joakim
Published: November 2018

Improved water resources governance supports important social, economic, and environmental objectives. The 2030 Agenda recognizes improved water governance to be critical for achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and commits to monitor the progress of implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). This paper critically reviews the approach to monitoring SDG indicator 6.5.1 on implementation of IWRM. Firstly, the paper places the indicator monitoring within the context of other initiatives to measure water governance. Secondly, it analyzes experiences of application of the SDG indicator 6.5.1 methodology to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the indicator and presents the key findings of the 2017/2018 global baseline assessment of IWRM implementation. Baseline reporting shows that degree of IWRM implementation globally is 49%, though country scores range from 10 to 100%. Disaggregating the data by country and by aspect of water resources governance provides a diagnostic tool to identify areas of high and low progress, and, therefore, where increased resources and attention are required. The article concludes by suggesting how the next iteration of SDG indicator 6.5.1 monitoring cycle can be made into a tool for advancing the IWRM implementation and improved governance practices on the ground. It also proposes how the methodology can be strengthened to address current limitations, including aspects relating to integrity, accountability and transparency.
Raman microprobe analysis of gaseous inclusion in diagenetically recrystallized calcites
Authors: Guilhaumou Nicole , Velde Bruce , Bény Claire
Published: November 2018

Les inclusions fluides ont été étudiées par microthermométrie et microsonde Raman dans des recristallisations calcitiques de sédiments carbonatés prélevés par forage à une profondeur de 6,5 km dans le Smackover (Jurassique) à Perry County (Mississippi).

On a pu mettre en évidence en particulier les associations CH4-H2S -carbone, CH4-CO2-H2S -carbone et CH4-CO2-H2S-H2O -carbone, dont le comportement à basse température est caractéristique du système CH4-H2S.

La comparaison des spectres Raman de la phase solide avec des travaux antérieurs sur une série de charbons montre qu'il s'agit d'un composé graphitique mal organisé, comparable au produit habituel de la maturation du kerogen lors de la métagenèse.

Les fluides aqueux sont constitués par des saumures riches en ions Ca. Les températures d'homogénéisation des inclusions précoces et des inclusions tardives indiquent, après correction de pression, des valeurs de piégeage identiques et comparables à celles mesurées actuellement au fond du puits.

Compte tenu de l'importance des décrépitations des inclusions précoces, on peut supposer qu'il y a eu modification de leur densité et réajustement selon les conditions actuelles de température et de pression.

Ces résultats suggérent soit l'évolution in situ des hydrocarbures piégés sous forme liquide ou gazeuse vers une association composée d'un résidu graphitique et d'un gaz riche en H2S ne contenant pas d'hydrocarbures plus lourds que le méthane, soit le piégeage des gaz CH4-H2S-CO2 et leur évolution vers leurs conditions de stabilité thermique maximum.
Saumures associées aux fluorines filonniennes du Maroc Central, dans le district d'El Hammam
Authors: Jébrak Michel , Debbah Bourhalem , Touray Jean-Claude
Published: November 2018

Les fluorines des filons du district d'El Hammam (Maroc Central) montrent des inclusions fluides hypersalines. Ce district présente une zonalité marquée, centrée sur un apex de granite péralumineux. L'étude des inclusions fluides et des terres rares suggère une mise en place centrifuge. Au cœur, les filons à fluorine et calcite se mettent en place à des températures décroissantes (200°-100°) témoignant du passage de solutions hydrothermales relayées par des fluides plus superficiels. A la périphérie, des filons et stockwerks à fluorine présentent des températures de mise en place plus faibles et des fluides à "héritage feldspathique" plus marqué. Ce district montre ainsi de fortes analogies avec le district du Tarn (France).
Caractéristiques géochimiques et thermobarométriques des fluides associés à la scheelite et au quartz des minéralisations de tungstène du Jbel Aouam (Maroc Central)
Authors: Cheilletz Alain
Published: November 2018

Fluid inclusions from quartz and scheelite associated with Jbel Aouam vein-type tungsten occurrences in Central Morocco are studied by microthermometric, Raman spectroscopic and scanning electron microprobe techniques. Global composition of two different types of inclusion (V and L) and isothermal molar volume/CO2 molar fraction diagrams allow the determination of trapping conditions at T = 400-450 °C and P = 1 kbar for fluids associated with tungsten deposition. Subcritical evolution with dilution by aqueous fluids of CO2-rich early fluids is the main mechanism proposed at the time of trapping.
Analyse des phases fluides associées à la genèse des amas sulfurés et des filons Au-Ag de la province de Taxco-Guanajuato (Mexique)
Authors: Charoy Bernard , Gonzalez-Partida Eduardo
Published: November 2018

Two principal types of sulphide occurrences have been recognized in the Taxco-Guanajuato province :

1 ) Exhalative-like massive sulphide deposits enclosed in the metamorphic Tizapa sequence and,

2) Quartz veins with sulphide concentrations spatially related with intrusive monzogranite stocks.

The characteristics of the hydrothermal solutions genetically responsible for the mineralizations are determined using fluid inclusion studies. 3 different types of solutions are identified :

— Hypersaline brines (bulk salinity up to 67 wt %) close to halite saturation at elevated temperature (⋍ 500 °C) with boiling point around 420 °C ; they are related with the volcanism associated with the massive sulphide occurrences,

— Essentially complex carbonic solutions related with the epizonal metamorphism of the Tizapa sequence,

— Aqueous solutions associated with ore veins with salinity decreasing with homogenization temperature from 10 to 1 eq. wt % NaCl and 350 to 150 °C ; K/Na at. ratio is high, near 0.3. There is no evidence for boiling. Geothermal gradient is estimated around 80 °C/km. All these characteristics are close to those encountered in other deposits of the same type.

The genetic model postulated from sulfur isotope data supports a selective remobilization of the massive or disseminated sulphides initially trapped in the Tizapa sequence by circulation of meteoric water in relation with the granitic intrusions.
Composition of fluid inclusions in granites and quartz syenites from the Gardar continental rift province (South Greenland)
Authors: Konnerup-Madsen Jens
Published: November 2018

Fluid inclusions in quartz from granites and quartz syenites from the Precambrian Gardar province (south Greenland) vary in composition from CO2-CH4, through CO2-CH4-H2O mixtures, to aqueous saline fluids. The inclusions primarily represent fluids present during most-magmatic stages. Aqueous inclusions are the dominant type in all examined complexes. Salinities vary from 1 to 64 weight per cent, but late inclusions contain less than 40 equivalent weight per cent NaCl and have densities from 0.9 to 1.15 g/cm3. Boiling of the aqueous fluids does not appear to have played a prominent role in the generation of the higher salinity fluids. Early CO2-CH4 fluids contain less than 5 mole per cent CH4 and have densities from 0.75 to 1.0 g/cm3, but later fluids may contain up to about 80 mole per cent CH4 and have lower densities. Conditions for entrapment of most of the examined inclusion fluids at 250° to 400 °C and about 1-2 kbar are indicated.
Deux siècles de minéralogie à l'Ecole des Mines de Paris
Authors: Guillemin Claude , Poullen Jean-François
Published: November 2018

As a number of scientific branches, mineralogy became as a real Science in the second half of XVIIIe century, aboveall under the influence of a famous precursor Romé de Lisle and because of a genius, Haüy who like many scientists of this age, unacquainted with the "preserved fields" belonged to several teaching and research establishments : University, School of Mines, Natural History Museum... During the XIXe century, the School of Mines welcomed mineralogists of great renow : Brongniart, Berthier, Dufrenoy, De Sernarmont, Mallard and scholars made famous the mastership in mineralogy in other branches... This golden age ended at the beginning of the XXe century. Mineralogy at the School of Mines will know a new development with Grandjean and Friedel researches on liquid crystals and aboveall with the renewal in France of the field mineralogy in the fifties, renew stressed by the reorganization and the exceptional growth of the mineralogical collections of the School.
The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. V. HST/ACS Observations of 23 Low Surface Brightness Objects in the Fields of NGC 1052, NGC 1084, M96, and NGC 4258
Authors: Cohen Yotam , Dokkum Pieter van , Danieli Shany , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Abraham Roberto , Merritt Allison , Zhang Jielai , Mowla Lamiya , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Conroy Charlie , Wasserman Asher
Published: November 2018

We present Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging of 23 very low surface brightness (μ

e,V
 ∼ 25–27.5) galaxies detected in the fields of four nearby galaxy groups. These objects were selected from deep optical imaging obtained with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array. Seven are newly identified, while most of the others had been seen previously in visual surveys of deep photographic plates and more recent surveys. Few have previously been studied in detail. From the ACS images, we measure distances to the galaxies using both the tip of the red giant branch method and the surface brightness fluctuations method. We demonstrate that the two methods are consistent with each other in the regime where both can be applied. The distances to 15 out of 20 galaxies with stable measurements are consistent with that of the targeted group within errors. This suggests that assuming group membership based solely on projected proximity is ∼75% successful in this regime. The galaxies are nearly round, with a median axis ratio of 0.85, and visually resemble dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The objects have a range of sizes, from R

e
 = 0.4 kpc to R

e
 = 1.8 kpc, with a median

. They range in luminosity from M

V
 = −11.4 to M

V
 = −15.6, with a median

. Galaxies with R

e
 ∼ 1 kpc and M

V
 ∼ −12 are fairly rare in the Local Group, but we find many of them in this relatively small sample. Four of the objects fall in the class of ultra-diffuse galaxies, with R

e
 > 1.5 kpc and μ
0,V
 > 24 mag arcsec−2, including the recently identified dark matter deficient galaxy NGC 1052-DF2.
ALMA Observations of HCN and HCO+ Outflows in the Merging Galaxy NGC 3256
Authors: Michiyama Tomonari , Iono Daisuke , Sliwa Kazimierz , Bolatto Alberto , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Ueda Junko , Saito Toshiki , Ando Misaki , Yamashita Takuji , Yun Min
Published: November 2018

We report ∼2″ resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the HCN (1–0), HCO+ (1–0), CO (1–0), CO (2–1), and CO (3–2) lines toward the nearby merging double-nucleus galaxy NGC 3256. We find that the high-density gas outflow traced in HCN (1–0) and HCO+ (1–0) emission is colocated with the diffuse molecular outflow emanating from the southern nucleus, where a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) is believed to be the dominant source of the far-infrared luminosity. On the other hand, the same lines were undetected in the outflow region associated with the northern nucleus, whose primary heating source is likely related to starburst activity without obvious signs of an AGN. Both the HCO+ (1–0)/CO (1–0) line ratio (i.e., dense gas fraction) and the CO (3–2)/CO (1–0) line ratio are larger in the southern outflow (0.20 ± 0.04 and 1.3 ± 0.2, respectively) than in the southern nucleus (0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.7 ± 0.1, respectively). By investigating these line ratios for each velocity component in the southern outflow, we find that the dense gas fraction increases and the CO (3–2)/CO (1–0) line ratio decreases toward the largest velocity offset. This suggests the existence of a two-phase (diffuse and clumpy) outflow. One possible scenario to produce such a two-phase outflow is an interaction between the jet and the interstellar medium, which possibly triggers shocks and/or star formation associated with the outflow.
Post-Newtonian Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Nazari Elham , Roshan Mahmood
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we derive the post-Newtonian equations of the ideal magnetohydrodynamics. To do so, we use the modern approach to post-Newtonian theory, where the harmonic gauge is used instead of the standard post-Newtonian gauge, and find the post-Newtonian metric in the presence of the electromagnetic fields. We show that although the electric field does not contribute in the metric and curvature of the spacetime, the magnetic field appears in the time–time component of the metric. The appearance of the magnetic field, in principle, leads to new relativistic contributions to the magnetohydrodynamic governing equations. Therefore, using the post-Newtonian metric, we find the relativistic corrections to the magnetohydrodynamic equations up to the first post-Newtonian order. In addition, as usage of this derivation, we obtain a complete set of equations by which the behavior of a self-gravitating plasma can be determined in post-Newtonian gravity.
Correlation of P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression to Clinical Stage in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Farhat Farhat , Daulay Elvita Rahmi , Chrestella Jessy , Asnir Rizalina Arwinati , Yudhistira Ashri , Susilo Riko Radityatama
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is uncommon and usually diagnosed at the advanced stage. A subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinase which is called p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in response to stress, and plays an important role in cell regulation. There is a suggestion that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase could be a potential biomarker to determine the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AIM: The aim of this study is for observing and analysing the correlation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in regards to nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient’s clinical stage.
METHODS: This study involved 126 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients admitted to Haji Adam Malik General Hospital.
RESULTS: The result of this study indicates that nasopharyngeal carcinoma mostly found in the age group 41-60 years, male, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, and stage IV group. In immunohistochemistry evaluation, most of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase overexpressed in non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, T3-T4, N2-N3 and clinical stage III-IV. Spearman’s test for categorical correlation yield p-value of < 0.001.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
High-Risk BCC Of the Lower Eyelid in Patient with Presternal Located Cutaneous Melanoma and BCC Of the Shoulder: Melolabial Advancement Flap Combined with Undermining Surgical Approach As Promising Complex One Step Treatment Option!
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Lozev Ilia , Pidakev Ivan , Yungareva Irina , Naskova-Popova Tanya , Temelkova Ivanka
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: It is assumed that the occurrence of keratinocyte and melanocytic tumours is multifactorial driven. Certain risk factors such as solar radiation, p53 protein and Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) prove to be common to their development, which at the same time shows that their simultaneous manifestation in the same patients, for example, is quite possible. Such a manifestation could be observed as collision tumours within the same solitary lesion or as a simultaneous occurrence within two completely different lesions that are clearly distinguished from one another.
CASE REPORT: An 85-year-old patient is presented with three primary cutaneous tumours located in region presternal, infraorbital sinistra and scapularis extra. The lesions were removed during a single surgical session. For the high-risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the lower eyelid, the so-called melolabial advancement flap was applied, and for the tumours located in the other two areas, the undermining surgical approach was applied. The subsequent histological analysis found that the case referred to two keratinocyte tumours (BCC) and one melanocyte tumour (cutaneous melanoma).
CONCLUSIONS: The patient presented is interesting with regard to 1) the simultaneous presentation of three primaries with different localization (so far not described in the world literature, namely 2 basal cell carcinomas and one melanoma in the same patient concurrently), 2) one of the basal cell tumours belongs to the group of high-risk (according to the localization) and meanwhile advanced BCC (according to the infiltration degree of the underlying tissue-infiltration of the musculature) and 3) their simultaneous successful surgical treatment in a single surgical session under local anaesthesia.
Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein And Interleukin-6 Plasma As Risk Factors For Symptomatic Lumbar Osteoarthritis In Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Suyasa I Ketut , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi , Setiawan I Gusti Ngurah Yudhi , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: November 2018

AIM: To determine whether elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as risk factors of symptomatic lumbar osteoarthritis (OA) in estrogen deficiency postmenopausal women.
METHODS: A case-control study was conducted between January and June 2017. The inclusion criteria include post-menopausal women with estrogen deficiency with low back pain. Exclusion criteria were: patients with a history of undergoing bilateral oophorectomy, taking hormonal replacement therapy or corticosteroid, malignancies, and lumbosacral spine trauma. The blood examinations were taken to measure IL-6 level by ELISA, hs-CRP level by spectrophotometry and ESR by modified Westergren method.
RESULTS: A group of 44 pairs of subjects were divided equally into case and control groups showed that in estrogen deficiency postmenopausal women, an increased level of hs-CRP increased the risk for symptomatic lumbar OA (OR = 2.83, CI95% = 1.065-8.776, p = 0.034). Also, a high level of IL-6 increased the risk of symptomatic lumbar OA (OR = 2.7, CI95% = 0.991-8.320, p = 0.033). No such significant findings were found for an increased ESR level.
CONCLUSION: Elevated level of plasma hs-CRP and IL-6 were concluded as risk factors for symptomatic lumbar OA in post-menopausal women.
Hydrofluoric Acid: Burns and Systemic Toxicity, Protective Measures, Immediate and Hospital Medical Treatment
Authors: Bajraktarova-Valjakova Emilija , Korunoska-Stevkovska Vesna , Georgieva Silvana , Ivanovski Kiro , Bajraktarova-Misevska Cvetanka , Mijoska Aneta , Grozdanov Anita
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Hydrofluoric acid is a commonly used chemical in many industrial branches, but it can also be found as an ingredient in household products such as cleaning agents. Possessing high corrosive potential, HF acid causes burns and tissue necrosis, while when absorbed and distributed through the bloodstream, its extremely high toxic potential is expressed. Acute symptoms are often followed by pain, particularly in the case of skin burns, which intensiveness does not often correlate with the expressiveness of the clinical findings. Even exposure to low-concentrated solutions or gasses, or low-doses of high-concentrated acid, may provoke delayed systemic disorder which may eventually have a lethal outcome.
AIM: Therefore, having information regarding the possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid usage, a variety of symptoms, as well as a treatment approach, is of great importance in the case of HF exposure.
METHODS: Available scientific articles published in literature databases, scientific reports and governmental recommendations from the internet websites, written in English, using the following search terms “Hydrofluoric acid, skin burns, eye injury, ingestion, inhalation, systemic toxicity, decontamination, antidote, medical treatment” have been reviewed.
RESULTS: This review is useful not only for physicians but for everyone who may come in contact with a person exposed to HF acid.
CONCLUSION: It highlights the mechanism of action, presents the acute and chronic symptoms, personal and general protective measures and devices that should be used, as well as decontamination procedures, immediate, antidote and hospital medical treatment.
Effectiveness of DC Motor Vibrilatory Stimulus (DMV) among Postpartum Women on Giving Breast Milk
Authors: Nasution Siti Saidah , Erniyati Erniyati , Aizar Ellyta
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The success of woman in following the exclusive breastfeeding program is determined by the significant effort of woman in giving breast milk and providing additional food to the baby.  This problem can be solved by using the vibration effect on the postpartum mother's breast through DC Motor Vibratory (DMV) system. Therefore, the research aims to analyse the effectiveness of DMV among postpartum woman on giving breast milk. This intervention will assist to stimulate the prolactin hormone and to remove the oxytocin hormone of the breast milk.Method: The study is a quasi-experiment, with only post-test design and control group. The sample of study included 76 postpartum women in University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Hospital and maternity clinic in Medan, Indonesia with accidental sampling technique. The data were collected by using questionnaires, such as demographic questionnaire and observation of breast milk expenditure. The study was analysed by using the mann-whitney test.Result: The Result of study showed that the DMV could accelerate the process of breastfeeding for postpartum woman with the significant value of p <0.05.Conclusion: The research concluded that DMV can be applied in the postnatal care process, especially in stimulating breast milk expenditure.Keywords: DC Motor Vibrilatory Stimulus, postpartum women, breast milk
Epidemiological Characteristics of Work-Related Ocular Trauma among the Carpenters in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Lubis Rodiah Rahmawaty , Limanto Vera , Putri Ruri , Lubis Arlina Nurbaity , Arrasyid Nurfida Khairina
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Medan is the capital of North Sumatera Province and the most industrialised area of North Sumatera. One of the largest industries in Medan is the wooden industry. Ocular trauma is often happened in Medan and causes a serious problem.
AIM: This study aimed to analyse the correlation between ocular trauma among the carpenters and the using of eye protection during work and educational level.
METHODS: This study is conducted among the carpenters that work in the wooden industry. There were 30 carpenters that being observed about age, educational level and working hours and the using of eye protection during work that might be related to ocular trauma. All carpenters completed a comprehensive examination and interview.
RESULTS: The most common age range of ocular trauma was between 26-45 years (56.7%), and all were male. Most of the traumatised carpenters educational level had a higher educational level (50%), and workers that had traumatised works more than 8 hours a day (66.7%). From this study, there was a significant correlation between ocular trauma among the carpenters and age (p = 0.047), and working hours (p = 0.039).
CONCLUSION: No significant correlation between ocular trauma among the carpenters and the using of eye protection during work (p = 0.464), and educational level (0.925) was found. Furthermore to anticipate the high rate of worked-related ocular trauma required labour regulations that cover the age of recruitment workers and working hours a day. Work safety regulation protects the workers from work-related ocular trauma.
Evaluating HER2 Gene Amplification Using Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH) Method In Comparison To Immunohistochemistry Method in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Atabati Hadi , Raoofi Amir , Amini Abdollah , Farahani Reza Masteri
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: In patients with breast cancer, HER2 gene expression is of a great importance in reacting to Herceptin treatment. To evaluate this event, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been done routinely on the basis of scoring it and so the patients were divided into 4 groups. Lately, as there have been disagreements about how to treat score 2 patients, chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are introduced. Since CISH method is more convenient than FISH for gene amplification study, FISH has been substituted by CISH.
AIM: The current study is conducted in order to investigate whether using CISH is a better method comparison to IHC method for determines HER2 expression in patients with breast cancer in.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, information of 44 female patients with invasive ductal breast cancer were gathered from Imam Reza and Omid Hospital in Mashhad. IHC staining was done for all patients in order to determine the level of HER2 expression, and after scoring them into 4 groups of 0, +1, +2 and +3, CISH staining was carried out for all 4 groups. At the end, results from both methods were statistically evaluated using SPSS software V.22.0.
RESULTS: The average age of patients was 50.2 with the standard deviation of 10.96. Using IHC method was observed that 2.6% (1 patient), 26.3% (10 patients), 65.8% (25 patients) and 5.3% (2 patients) percentage of patients had scores of 0, +1, +2 and +3. On the other hand, CISH method showed 36 patients (90%) with no amplifications and 4 (10%) with sever amplifications. In a comparative study using Fisher's exact test (p = 0.000), we found a significant relation between IHC method and CISH method indicating that all patients showing severe amplifications in CISH method, owned scores of +2 and +3 in IHC method.
CONCLUSION: According to the present study and comparing the results with similar previous studies, it can be concluded that CISH method works highly effective in determining HER2 expression level in patients with breast cancer. This method is also able to determine the status of patients with score +2 in IHC for their treatment with herceptin
Seborrheic Keratoses – The Most Common Benign Skin Tumor of Humans. Clinical presentation and an update on pathogenesis and treatment options
Authors: Wollina Uwe
Published: November 2018

Seborrheic keratoses (SK) are the most common skin tumour of humanity. The incidence of this purely benign epithelial proliferation is increasing with age and exposure to ultraviolet light. It has a remarkable variability in its clinical presentation raising some differential diagnoses. Recently, oncogenic mutations have been detected involved in the development of SK, which, however, do not bear the risk of malignant transformation. SK may also develop with the use of modern targeted drugs for the treatment of malignancies. The classical treatment options for SK are cryotherapy and curettage. Recently, topical treatment with 40% hydrogen peroxide and the nitric-zinc complex has been investigated. Ablative laser therapy is an effective treatment as well.
Protein 53 (P53) Expressions and Apoptotic Index of Amniotic Membrane Cells in the Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Negara Ketut Surya , Prajawati Ni Luh Lany Christina , Surya Gede Putu , Suhendro Suhendro , Arijana Komang , Tunas Ketut
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: The premature rupture of membranes (PROM) represents an obstetric issue causing significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although protein 53 (p53), one of the proapoptotic proteins suspected of causing PROM at the molecular level is closely correlated with the occurrence of PROM, the exact mechanism remains still unclear.
AIM: This study aims to investigate the hypothesis that p53 expression and the apoptotic index play a role in the PROM mechanism.
METHODS: Placentas from 20 pregnancies (37–42 weeks gestation) and 20 pregnancies complicated by PROM were collected at delivery. The independent variable is represented by pregnant mothers with a single live fetus experiencing PROM (followed by labour and birth) while without PROM mothers represent the control. The research material was taken from the amnion tissue in the placenta. Also, p53 and apoptotic index (TUNEL) immunohistochemical examination were conducted at the Integrated Biomedical Laboratory, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Bali. The correlation between the apoptotic index and p53 expression of the PROM group was tested using a McNemar Test.
RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in p53 expression in PROM cases compared to those without PROM (11.15 + 5.59% vs. 0.95 + 2.52%) with c2 = 19.538 and p = 0.001. The apoptotic index in PROM cases was higher than in those without PROM (19.10 + 5.63% vs. 1.15 + 2.46%) with c 2 = 32.40 and p = 0.001. There was a strong correlation between p53 expression and PROM with PR = 3.449 (95% CI = 1.801-6.605; p = 0.001). There was a strong correlation between the apoptotic index and PROM with PR = 19 (95% CI = 2.81-128.69; p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: p53 expression and the apoptotic index of amniotic membrane cells in cases of PROM was higher than in those without PROM, there was a strong correlation between p53 expression and apoptotic index with the occurrence of PROM.
Association between Frequency of Prosthesis Cleaning and the Discharge Characteristics and the Tear Film in Subjects with Anophthalmic Socket after Eviceration with Dermis Fat Graft
Authors: Adrian Tari , Lubis Rodiah Rahmawaty , Zubaidah T. Siti Harilza
Published: November 2018

AIM: To analyze the associations between frequency of prosthesis cleaning with the discharge characteristics and the tear film in subjects with anophthalmic socket post evisceration with dermis fat graft.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study is an analytic observational with cross sectional design study with control. The subjects of the study were unilateral acquired anophthalmic socket after evisceration with dermis fat graft at University of Sumatera Utara General Hospital which amounts to 30 subjects or 60 eyes (30 unilateral anophthalmic sockets, 30 contralateral eyes). Data was obtained from April 2018 to May 2018.
RESULT: There is significant association between frequency of prosthesis cleaning and the frequency of discharge (P = 0.001) and tear film quantity (P = 0.024). There is also significant association between the tear film quantity and the frequency of discharge (P = 0.024).
CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between frequency of prosthesis cleaning with the frequency of discharge and the tear film in subjects with Acquired Unilateral anophthalmic socket post-evisceration with dermis fat graft.
Multiple Primary Cutaneous Melanomas in a Bulgarian Patient: The Possible Role of One Step Melanoma Surgery (OSMS) As the Most Adequate Treatment Approach!
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Temelkova Ivanka
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous occurrence of multiple primary melanomas is a rare, however possible phenomenon, and it is believed that older, male, white, Atypical Mole Syndrome carriers (sporadic and familial) are part of the possible risk factors for its occurrence. In these patients, it is possible to observe involutional changes or (partial/complete) regression of melanocytic lesions, which are likely to be caused by the generation of a spontaneous immune reaction against specific tumour antigens.
CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old male patient is presented with two melanocytic lesions located in the right clavicle (subclavicular area) and left the scapular area that meets clinically and dermatoscopically the requirements for malignant melanoma. The lesions were removed by a radical excision with 0.5 cm surgical safety margin in all directions. During the subsequent histological verification it was established it was melanoma with a tumour thickness of 1 mm that in one case, and the other 2 mm. A week later, according to the recommendations of the current guidelines, a re-excision was performed with a surgical safety margin of 1.5 cm in all directions. Considering the complications that are possible during the parallel removal of a draining lymph node recommended for these tumour thicknesses, the patient definitively refused its detection and removal.
CONCLUSION: A rare case of a Bulgarian patient with multiple primary, however partially involutional melanomas existing for over 20 years, is described. The individual recommendations of dermato-oncologists for the patient (according to AJCC) were not in favour of radicality but of a more sparing, individualised approach, appropriate for that patient. Unfortunately, the approach we used, in this case, was inconsistent with the AJCC or OSMS guidelines. The reason for individualising the approach in the case we have described is due to the variability of the recommendations for surgical treatment of melanomas laid down in the AJCC.
Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 6
Authors: Ravera Sonia , Cogoni Annalena , Vizzini Alfredo , Bonini Ilaria , Cheli Franco , Fačkovcová Zuzana , Gheza Gabriele , Guttová Anna , Mair Petra , Mayrhofer Helmut , Miserere Luca , Pandeli Giulio , Paoli Luca , Prosser Filippo , Puntillo Domenico , Puntillo Michele , Selvaggi Alberto , Spitale Daniel , Tratter Wilhelm
Published: November 2018

In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Barbula, Fissidens, Gymnostomum, Jungermannia, Riccia, and Scapania, the fungal genera Hyalopsora and Urocystis and the lichen genera Arthothelium, Chaenotheca, Lepraria, Lobaria, Miriquidica, Parmelia, Rinodina, Solenopsora, Thelopsis and Xanthoparmelia.
Systematics of the new genus Spinosuncus Chen, Zhang & Li with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae)
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhang Dandan , Li Houhun
Published: November 2018

The new genusSpinosuncusgen. n.is proposed for three known species,S.contractalis(Warren, 1896),comb. n.,S.praepandalis(Snellen, 1890),comb. n., andS.aureolalis(Lederer, 1863),comb. n.and four new species,S.rectacutussp. n.,S.brevacutussp. n.,S.curvisetaceussp. n., andS.quadracutussp. n.from the Oriental Region. An identification key is provided for all species. The habiti and genitalia of all species are figured. The monophyly of the genus is well supported by a phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the COI, 16S rRNA, and EF-1α genes. The potential sister groups of the new genus, the interspecific relationships and some intraspecific variations within the genus are discussed.
Un futur antérieur
Authors: Pilmis Olivier
Published: November 2018

L’activité de prévision macroéconomique repose de manière décisive sur la description de la situation présente des économies, rapprochant l’activité de prévisionniste de celle du statisticien. En mobilisant la typologie proposée par A. Desrosières, ce texte met en évidence la façon dont l’activité de prévision articule quatre rapports différents aux « données », à partir desquels est évalué leur « réalisme ». Il étudie aussi certains des principes par lesquels il est possible de rendre compte de leur combinaison : division du travail, catégories de classement mobilisées par les prévisionnistes, instruments utilisés pour prévoir, temporalités des exercices de prévision.
Lire l’avenir économique dans la presse
Authors: Canu Roland
Published: November 2018

Quel avenir économique peut-on lire dans la presse ? Nous proposons dans cette contribution d’opérer une focale sur les articles publiés dans la presse quotidienne nationale de 2007 à 2014, c’est-à-dire de rester à la surface des textes journalistiques eux-mêmes, pour y étudier les univers lexicaux, les rhétoriques employées et les sources convoquées. À partir d’un corpus composé de 522 articles – sélectionnés parce que s’y dévoile un « avenir économique » –, corpus notamment analysé à l’aide d’un logiciel lexicométrique, trois questionnements seront abordés : (a) quels sont les univers lexicaux spécifiques aux discours consacrés à cet avenir ? (b) Quelles sont les figures de l’expertise convoquées dans ces articles ? (c) Les représentations du futur présentées sont-elles seulement envisagées comme des projections dissociées d’une situation actuelle ou, à l’inverse, construites également à partir de celle-ci ? Ce parcours nous permet de styliser deux modèles bien différents d’écriture journalistique des futurs économiques : le premier inscrit ces futurs dans une séquentialité temporelle (présent-futur ou futur-présent) qui ouvre le champ des possibles à l’action politique et à des valeurs qui relèvent d’autres univers – au premier rang desquelles, les valeurs écologiques ; le second modèle isole les futurs économiques de ces mêmes actions et valeurs pour privilégier une rhétorique de l’évaluation des situations plausibles qui octroie un monopole de l’expertise à certains discours – en particulier ceux de la science économique.
Alternaria mycotoxins in grains from Albania: alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid and tentoxin
Authors: Topi D. , Tavčar-Kalcher G. , Pavšič-Vrtač K. , Babič J. , Jakovac-Strajn B.
Published: November 2018

The presence of fourAlternaria toxins in maize and wheat harvested in 2014 and 2015 in Albania was investigated. In total, 45 samples of maize and 71 samples of wheat were collected from the country’s main producing regions. The presence of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and tentoxin (TTX) was studied by an LC-MS/MS method. The incidence ofAlternaria toxins in maize was 45.2% in the year 2014 and 7.1% in 2015, and the contamination rate in wheat was 82.9% in 2014 and 86.1% in 2015. Considering maize and wheat samples together, 65.2 and 64.0% of samples were contaminated byAlternaria toxins in the harvesting years 2014 and 2015, respectively. The occurrence rate was much higher in wheat than in maize, but the concentrations were higher in maize. The highest concentration of totalAlternaria toxins in maize was 1,283 μg/kg (mean 243.0 μg/kg, median 110.2 μg/kg), while the maximum concentration in wheat was 175.7 μg/kg (mean 29.9 μg/kg, median 16.5 μg/kg). TeA was the majorAlternaria mycotoxin detected. It was found in 70 out of 116 samples (60.3%). Chronic exposure of the adult population in Albania toAlternaria toxins through cereal consumption was assessed by the estimated daily intake (EDI) taking into account daily consumption of wheat and maize of 380 and 4.9 g, respectively. The main contribution to chronic dietary exposure was by TeA originating from wheat, with EDIs of 88.6-94.1 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day in 2014 and 152.7-155.5 ng/kg bw per day in 2015. TTX EDIs were 7.8- 34.0 and 10.6-38.7 ng/kg bw per day in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The contribution of AOH and AME originating from wheat was 0-31.7 ng/kg bw per day. The contribution ofAlternaria toxins through maize consumption was significantly lower.
Two stages optimization model on make or buy analysis and quality improvement considering learning and forgetting curve
Authors: Pratama Mega Aria , Rosyidi Cucuk Nur , Pujiyanto Eko
Published: November 2018

Purpose: The aim of this research is to develop a two stages optimization model on make or buy analysis and quality improvement considering learning and forgetting curve. The first stage model is developed to determine the optimal selection of process/suppliers and the component allocation to those corresponding process/suppliers. The second stage model deals with quality improvement efforts to determine the optimal investment to maximize Return on Investment (ROI) by taking into consideration the learning and forgetting curve.Design/methodology/approach: The research used system modeling approach by mathematically modeling the system consists of a manufacturer with multi suppliers where the manufacturer tries to determine the best combination of their own processes and suppliers to minimize certain costs and provides funding for quality improvement efforts for their own processes and suppliers sides.Findings: This research provides better decisions in make or buy analysis and to improve the components by quality investment considering learning and forgetting curve.Research limitations/implications: This research has limitations concerning investment fund that assumed to be provided by the manufacturer which in the real system the fund may be provided by the suppliers. In this model we also does not differentiate two types of learning, namely autonomous and induced learning.Practical implications: This model can be used by a manufacturer to gain deeper insight in making decisions concerning process/suppliers selection along with component allocation and how to improve the component by investment allocation to maximize ROI.  Originality/value: This paper combines two models, which in previous research the models are discussed separately. The inclusions of learning and forgetting also gives a new perspective in quality investment decision.
Judaísmo y los mitos políticos modernos
Authors: Cassirer Ernst
Published: November 2018

Al comienzo la propaganda nacionalsocialista solía aseverar que sólo pretendían quebrar la influencia de lo judío en la vida política y cultural de Alemania. Pero no sólo hay que intentar comprender el fenómeno desde su faceta emocional, sino también desde su vertiente intelectual. En la historia de la humanidad habían sido los primeros en negar y desafiar esas concepciones sobre las que se edificaba el nuevo Estado, al ser el judaísmo quien había dado en primer lugar el paso decisivo que lleva desde una religión mítica a una religión ética. Lo que temían los inventores del mito de la raza superior alemana no es la resistencia física, sino la resistencia moral de los judíos. El pensamiento mítico siempre concibe el mundo como una lucha entre poderes divinos y demoniacos. También en nuestros mitos políticos modernos el proceso de deificación debía verse cumplimentado con el correspondiente proceso de demonización.
О сложности проверки полиномиальной полноты конечных квазигрупп
Authors: Galatenko Alexei Vladimirovich , Pankratiev Anton Evgen'evich
Published: November 2018

В работе исследуется сложность проверки полиномиальной (функциональной) полноты конечных квазигрупп. Показано, что проверка полиномиальной полноты конечной квазигруппы может быть осуществлена за полиномиальное относительно порядка квазигруппы время.
Impact of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth on Response to a Nutritional Intervention in Bangladeshi Children from an Urban Community
Authors: Gaffar S. M. Abdul , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Mahfuz Mustafa , Donowitz Jeffrey R. , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: November 2018

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is prevalent among children living in low-income settings, leading to impaired growth and development. The aim of this study was to assess linear and ponderal growth parameters between malnourished SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative children aged 12–18 months who prospectively underwent a nutritional intervention. A glucose hydrogen breath test to detect SIBO was performed in 194 stunted (length-for-age Z score [LAZ] < −2 standard deviations) or at-risk of stunting (LAZ score between < −1 and −2 standard deviations) children. Participants received nutritional supplementation (egg and milk) in addition to their regular family meals 6 days per week for 90 days. Small intestine bacterial overgrowth was defined as a ≥ 12-ppm rise in breath hydrogen over the patient’s baseline during the 3-hour test. Small intestine bacterial overgrowth status before intervention was forced into a multivariable linear regression model to examine its effects on anthropometric changes in response to the intervention. Sociodemographic data at enrollment was analyzed through multivariable logistic regression in an attempt to predict SIBO positivity. Overall, 14.9% (29/194) children were diagnosed with SIBO before the nutritional intervention. No statistically significant difference was observed among SIBO-positive and SIBO-negative groups in terms of their response to the nutritional intervention (SIBO-positive coefficient [95% confidence interval (CI)], P-value for ∆length-for-age Z score −0.003 [−0.14, 0.13], 0.96; ∆weight-for-age Z score −0.05 [−0.20, 0.09], 0.46; and ∆weight-for-length Z score −0.10 [−0.31, 0.10], 0.33). This study demonstrated that a noteworthy proportion of malnourished children living in a disadvantaged urban community were SIBO positive; however, it failed to reveal an association between SIBO status and response to nutritional intervention.
Picasso y Le Corbusier. Paralelismos y divergencias en torno al dibujo
Authors: Amado Lorenzo Antonio
Published: November 2018

Se pueden establecer afinidades y diferencias entre Le Corbusier y Picasso tomando como punto en común el dibujo. Su aprendizaje metódico, condicionado por mentores y escuelas de arte fue muy diferente, convencional en Picasso y más vanguardista en Le Corbusier. El primero dibujaba lo que veía, mientras que el segundo lo analizaba antes de dibujar. En cierto modo, el dibujo determinó sus disciplinas artísticas y su propia vida.