bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Hot Deformation Methods on Metal Workability along the Section During the Production of Axle Billets
Authors: Babachenko O. I , Balakhanova T. V , Safronova O. A. , Kononenko H. A , Domina K. H
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The work is aimed to determine the influence of various technologies for the production of rough railroad axles from F grade carbon steel on the workability features along the section in order to improve the quality of railway axles at domestic enterprises. Methodology. Four production technologies of the rough railway axles were analyzed. The peculiarity of the study was that the technologies differed only in the deformation pattern. The dimensions of the initial continuously cast billets and the resulting rough axes were the same for all deformation modes. The chemical composition and temperature of deformation also did not differ. The density of traces of the dendritic structure was taken as the main metallographic characteristic, which makes it possible to assess the degree of deformation workability of the rough axes along the section. The analysis was performed on templates cut from each section of the axle. The workability of the metal was assessed by the transformation of traces of the dendritic structure (liquation areas). The dendritic structure, namely its density, was determined as the number of dendrites per 1 mm2 of the microsection area, and to accurately calculate the dendrite size, measurements were made at least along two ellipse axes– large and small. Findings. It is shown that, despite a significant degree of forging of axle billets made of carbon steel, when using different deformation schemes, their workability along the section differs significantly. The most effective production technology of rough railroad axles from F grade carbon steel has been determined from the point of view of workability along the section of rolled stock, and the impact of each of the investigated deformation methods has been assessed. The largest and the smallest workability coefficients of the axle billet have been established when using various methods of deformation impact. Originality. The production technology of rough railway axles has been determined, which ensures the most uniform workability of rolled products along the section. Practical value. The workability factor for a quantitative assessment of the effect of hot deformation was determined and the formation pattern of the dendritic traces’ density in the direction from the surface to the central layers of the workpiece was established.
Research of Automobile Flows by Imitation Simulation
Authors: Horbova O. V , Merzlyi O. D
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Road transportation has become a very important part of the transportation process and interaction with all modes of transport, carrying out the transportation of goods and passengers. Due to the increase in traffic flows in the transport network, the problem of their rational organization is urgent. However, taking into account the influence of various factors, such as the congestion of the road section, the condition of the road, this problem cannot be solved using analytical models based on graph models. The purpose of solving the problem is to develop a safe traffic model by the method of simulation of coordinated traffic flows in the urban road network and to develop a computer simulation system necessary to achieve this purpose. Methodology. To search for effective strategies for controlled traffic flows in a megalopolis, optimal solutions for the design of the road network and traffic management, it is necessary to take into account a wide range of traffic flow characteristics, the regularities of the influence of external and internal factors on the dynamic characteristics of a mixed traffic flow. The use of modeling and the creation of an adequate model of traffic flow is an urgent task in the process of organizing and managing traffic. The research methodology will make it possible to create an integrated approach to solving problems of the given type and will contain a symbiosis of theoretical and experimental research. Findings. During the experiments, it was found that with the normal operation of the transport network, the travel speed of the entire mode of transport is satisfactory. With the appearance of factors creating a large load, the travel time of the entire mode of transport increases. We have identified the factors that can affect the optimal operation of the network, even under heavy load. Originality. For the first time the general methodology of simulation modeling was created and the formalization of the agent-based modeling method was improved. Practical value. The results of the work are used as the basis for a system of simulation modeling of traffic flows, which makes it possible to analyze the properties of existing and projected transport hubs. The system is implemented in the form of a software package that can be used in public administration institutions, design organizations and consulting companies involved in the design and reorganization of traffic patterns. The proposed agent model can be used as part of more complex simulation models of organizational and technical systems.
Research OF Complex Processes Based on Step-By-Step Modeling
Authors: Horbova O. V , Murkovych N. S
Published: September 2022

Purpose. When solving practical problems that require the creation and further analysis of the model, an important criterion is the labour intensity of modeling. In this regard, the article is aimed at formalizing the modeling process and using the method of step-by-step modeling for the design of technological processes. This approach allows you to design processes and tasks according to the following stages: physical modeling, mathematical modeling, discrete computer modeling and simulation. Methodology. To solve the problem, a methodology of step-by-step modeling is used. The simulation involves 3 stages and uses the decomposition algorithm, i. e. considers the problem from global to detailed. At the first stage of this implementation, the necessary information is collected for the experiment. This information is presented in the form of statistics. In the second stage, further processing takes place, which is performed by checking the compliance of the input data and the process with the question of how this process should be performed. The last stage is the simulation of passages of this fragment, which is represented by a chain of transitions, obtaining statistics of time efficiency of this process, weaknesses of the process and the ability to compare the results obtained during modeling and in the real process, as well as the ability to predict future results and actions. Findings. The technique can be used to study complex technological processes in the enterprise. It allows modeling of complex processes to obtain information about the time efficiency of the technological operation, finding weaknesses in it and patterns in the occurrence of random events that may affect the operation. Using this approach can be very effective in the systems that require constant real-time monitoring, as this tool can be modified by adding sensor kits that will constantly send information to the system or equip an additional system that will provide ready-made information packets. Originality. The method of step-by-step modeling of representation has been improved, which consists in the simultaneous use of physical, mathematical and simulation modeling of complex processes with a set of stages of their implementation. Practical value. The proposed technique is designed for step-by-step modeling of the technological process with the subsequent construction of simulation programming.
Analysis of Modern Anti-Virus Software in Cyber Security Tasks
Authors: Astakhov D. S , Lysenko N. O , Mazurenko V. B , Fedorovych A. I.
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The research is aimed at gaining general knowledge about modern anti-virus software. Because it is one aspect of cybersecurity, and is subject to ongoing discussions about its appropriateness. Methodology. To obtain data, the authors conducted a review of world literature on the topic of work using full-text and abstract databases. Signature and heuristic methods of antivirus software operation are considered. As well as the conditional division of these products into programs-detectors, programs-doctors, programs-auditors, programs-filters, programs-immunizers was made. Findings. Content analysis of publications in the direction of anti-virus software proves the number of aspects studied. The question of the ability of such software not only to recognize the threat, but also to be able to destroy it is being studied. To perform this task, the antivirus must have the following functions: regular (or real-time) scanning of system files and programs; scanning the content of messengers and e-mail; full computer scan at the user's command; monitoring of incoming and outgoing network traffic; elimination of the malware operation consequences. In addition, a comparative analysis of the most popular anti-virus software makes it possible to identify the disadvantages and advantages of each of them. Originality. Systematic and generalized analysis of the existing and most common anti-virus software has been further developed, which allows ordinary users to make informed choices about installing such software packages. Practical value. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to adjust your own actions regarding safe work on the Internet. In addition, the article aims to dispel myths suggesting that users do not protect their computers from malware at all. These studies can also be useful in studying the discipline "Fundamentals of Software Testing", the organization of scientific and practical seminars, refresher courses and etc.
Improvement of Traction Calculations and Driving Modes of Traction Rolling Stock
Authors: Barybin M. A , Falendysh A. P , Kletska O. V , Ivanchenko D. A , Kiritseva O. V
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The authors aim to improve the methodology of traction calculations and operation modes of traction rolling stock by applying optimization models and the law of mechanical energy conservation. Methodology. The article provides a flowchart of the algorithm for performing traction calculations. Based on the analysis of existing methods of influence of track circumstances on the train movement equations and formalization of the train as a material point, a model of concentric influence in the transition nodes of profiles steepness was proposed, a method of uneven loading of bogies on bumpy and mountain traffic profiles was introduced, expressions for dividing the train by a finite value of sets were proposed. Based on the law of mechanical energy conservation, a method was developed for determining the value of controlled specific forces necessary for dynamic solving the equation of train motion. The algorithm for searching for specific traction and braking forces is graphically displayed, and methods of recursive functions are used when the specific forces exceed the maximum permissible values of traction characteristics of locomotives. Findings. Differences in the methods of existing rules of traction calculations and the proposed methodology for the influence of the track profile are graphically displayed and mathematically calculated. The need to revise the existing calculation rules is mathematically proved, the values for a freight train weighing 609 tons on the locomotive depot service shoulder were set. The impossibility of obtaining such values by accurate methods based on the rules of traction calculations is analyzed, and the need to create new mode maps when revising weight standards is determined. Based on the research results, it is proposed to introduce mathematical models in the locomotive traction calculation rules. Originality. A method for improving traction calculations based on revaluation of the influence of the track profile on rolling stock is proposed. A methodology for modulating the operation of traction rolling stock is introduced and mathematical methods for finding the specific values of the required controlled forces in traction, run-out and braking modes based on train traffic schedules are proposed. Practical value. The results of the research will improve the accuracy of calculations, allow for energy-efficient revision and development of regime maps of train management, help reduce the cost of train traction and search for hidden opportunities to improve the carrying capacity of existing railway lines, and also contribute to improving the efficiency of the country's railway comple
Determination of the Origin of Failures in the Operation of the Automatic Locomotive Signaling
Authors: Hololobova O. O , Buriak S. Y , Havryliuk V. I , R. V. Markul R. V , Afanasov A. M , Bilukhin D. S
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The safety of the transportation process in railway transport and its continuous operation to a large extent depend on the reliability of the means of railway automation and communication. In this case, special role in ensuring the efficient and safe operation of railways belongs to the systems of interval control of the train movement, as well as automatic locomotive signaling in conjunction with the systems of monitoring the driver's vigilance and automatic train stop. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is a detailed analysis of the operation reliability of these systems, in order to be able to correct service techniques and improve operational work, based on the information received. Methodology. To prevent halting and failures in the operation of automatic locomotive signaling devices, it was analyzed the failure statistics of all devices of railway automatics, which can lead to disturbances in its work. It was identified the most responsible devices, whose control will greatly affect the system performance and increase the reliability of the work as a whole. Findings. Analysis of statistical data showed that the main causes of malfunctions in the automatic locomotive signaling system are the failure of the decoder, locomotive filter and amplifier, and the main reason for the malfunction is equipment wear. Originality. The results of the work aimed at increasing the efficiency and reliability of the operation of the railway equipment are continuously implemented in the operational work, automating a large number of technological processes and improving the failure rate performance. However, ignoring this, the analysis of the operation of devices on the railways for the period 2013–2017 showed that a significant part of the reasons for the deterioration of the reliability of all systems of railway automation and separately considered locomotive alarm system accrue to the human factor, embodied in violations of the technology of work and non-compliance with the requirements of technological maps and manuals, as well as poor repair and inspection of devices in repair and technological areas. Practical value. The analysis showed that the issue of improving both the systems themselves and the devices of railway automatics, as well as the methods of their inspection, operation and maintenance, will increase the level of safety and reliability of transportations.
The Problem of Minimax Estimation of Functionals for Non-Stationary Diffusion Processes
Authors: Mykchailova T. F. , Maksymenkova Y. A
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To model the technological process of analysis of energy sources that use random interference, it is necessary to apply special methods from the theory of minimax estimation and optimal control. The article proposes a method for solving the problem of minimax estimation of functionalities for the systems with distributed parameters with incomplete data for the process of neutron diffusion in a nuclear reactor. Methodology. In practice, in the study of non-stationary controlled processes of functioning of different energy sources there are measurement errors. As a rule, the exact values of errors are unknown, and therefore the desired solution of the equations in partial derivatives describing these processes is determined ambiguously. Therefore, it is advisable to set the task of calculating such an optimal estimate, which would best approximate the unknown value, taking into account the known information about the measurement errors. The best estimate can be achieved by applying a minimax approach to estimating functionals from the solutions of the partial differential equations of parabolic type. Findings. For a mathematical model of the neutron diffusion process in a nuclear reactor, the proposed method allows solving the problem of minimax estimation of the functional determined during the solution of the system describing this process. Since in real conditions of reactor operation there are always random obstacles (both in the equation describing the process and the function observed), the method allows finding a minimax estimate of the functional. The problem is reduced to the problem of optimal control with a given quality functionality, which is successfully solved. Originality. Using the methods of minimax estimation and optimal control of systems with distributed parameters, the best a priori estimation of the quality functional of the minimax estimation problem for the mathematical model of neutron diffusion in a nuclear reactor is obtained. Practical value. The method of minimax estimation of functionalities for differential equations of parabolic type proposed in the article allows reducing the problem to the problem of optimal control of the systems with distributed parameters, which can be implemented in Maple package using known algorithms.
Reduction of Railway Disorders Intensity Due to Improvement of Line Plan Parameters During Pasportization of Curves
Authors: Kurhan M. B , Kurhan D. M , Baidak S. Y , Khmelevska N. P , Novik R. B
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The work is aimed to reduce the intensity of the track disorder by improving the line plan parameters, ultimately ensuring the safety, smoothness and comfort of driving in the directions of high-speed train traffic. Methodology. To obtain initial data on the parameters of the plan of existing railways, the authors reviewed the world literature on the topic of the study, as well as monitored the railway track operation on the basis of technical passports of track distances. It is known that the accepted mathematical models of the existing plan use the assumption that three adjacent points of the curve lie on a circle. On this principle, the work of flattener machine for switches is based. As a result of corrective works to reduce the amount of shifts, the curve does not correspond to the initial passport data. The methodology involves the analysis and systematization of data to establish appropriate dependencies and build graphs. Findings. Inaccurate determination of the curve parameters results in unjustified speed restrictions on or large volumes of flattening works. Therefore, the proposals have been developed to reduce the intensity of track disorders by bringing the curve parameters to the regulatory requirements in force in Ukraine in the areas of high-speed train traffic. They follow from the analysis of the method of shooting curves used in track distances. The influence of accuracy of the obtained data on the establishment of the curve parameters and the permissible train speeds is identified. The recommendations received in the work will contribute to the effectiveness of design decisions, will determine the quality of the railway reconstruction project. Originality. Scientific approaches to estimating the state of curves, determining their rational parameters and permissible speed in the areas of high-speed train traffic in Ukraine have been further developed. Practical value. The obtained results will be useful for measures to improve the smoothness of train movement, increasing the speed and comfort of driving in the curved track sections, especially in the areas of high-speed train traffic.
Method of Operational Control and Management of Electrochemical Energy Storage Device in the Systems of Electricity Supply of Vehicles
Authors: Plaksin S. V , Mukha A. M. , Ustymenko D. V , Zhytnyk M. Y. , Levchenko R. Y , Chupryna Y. M. , Holota O. O.
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The main purpose of our work is to develop a method of rational control of dynamic operation modes of electrochemical energy storage devices to increase the efficiency of their operation as part of the energy supply systems of vehicles. Methodology. The authors reviewed the world literature on the topic of the work. The existing control methods of electrochemical energy storage devices were systematized and classified. Peculiarities and possibilities of their application taking into account the specifics of operation on vehicles, which are characterized by dynamic modes with unpredictable changes in the energy balance due to uncontrolled undercharges and overcharges were taken into account. The analysis of existing control methods showed that their common disadvantage is the use as information parameters to control and manage the operation modes of storage device, such as voltage and operating current, the values of which do not correspond to the current energy state of the device due to the fleeting nature of transient electrochemical processes in the device during operation in dynamic modes. The conclusion is made about the need to take into account the energy parameters of storage devices in the process of managing dynamic modes, which most fully and objectively reflect their performance. The advantage of pulse control methods of storage devices in dynamic modes of operation over DC methods is shown. Findings. The authors substantiated and experimentally confirmed the versatility of the developed galvanostatic method, which allows simultaneous control of the current energy state of the storage device and operational management of dynamic modes of its operation using a common criterion of control and management – the utilization factor of active materials, the information equivalent of which is the value of the area under the depolarization curve on the response signal of the device to the test pulse. Originality. For the first time it is proposed to combine the functions of control of the current energy state of the storage device and operational management of the dynamic modes of its operation with the use of the utilization factor of active materials. Practical value. The obtained results can be used to ensure the optimal operation mode of energy storage in the power supply systems of vehicles.
Quando a autonomia é necessária para o desempenho: defensoria pública do Brasil
Authors: Buta Bernardo Oliveira , Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho , Fernandes Antonio Sergio Araujo
Published: September 2022

Resumo As Defensorias Públicas (DPs) são responsáveis por prover assistência jurídica a cidadãos em situação de vulnerabilidade social e econômica. Essas organizações litigam diretamente contra o Estado para garantir a prestação de serviços públicos e evitar abusos ou desvios por parte do governo. Portanto, autonomia tende a ser relevante para que essas organizações cumpram sua missão. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre autonomia e desempenho nas DPs brasileiras. O trabalho testa a percepção de impacto entre autonomia e desempenho das DPs brasileiras. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa com burocratas de 27 DPs brasileiras e a análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais. As variáveis observadas incluem, além de desempenho e autonomia, disponibilidade de recursos, competências e responsabilização. Os resultados indicam que a percepção nessas organizações é de que elas devem operar de forma autônoma, longe de influências políticas, para que possam desempenhar sua missão da melhor forma. As capacidades dos burocratas também são um fator relevante no desempenho dessas organizações, assim como a accountability. No entanto, não houve relação significativa entre a disponibilidade de recursos e o desempenho percebido. As contribuições deste estudo incluem a obtenção de evidências de validade empírica para mensurar os construtos autonomia, disponibilidade de recursos, capacidades e accountability e seu impacto no desempenho das DPs.
Reforming the regulatory reform: general law on independent agencies in Brazil
Authors: Ramalho Pedro Ivo Sebba , Lopes André Vaz
Published: September 2022

Abstract This paper addresses the effects of the new general law on independent agencies in Brazil. This regulatory reform sought to increase transparency and accountability, strengthen ex-ante evaluation, and improve decision-making. The research objective was to evaluate the possible organizational and institutional consequences of these changes. The study compared data collected from key actors in the 11 agencies referring to the period before the law with the regulatory scenario one year after the law was enacted. The results allow an unprecedented panoramic view of the agencies’ instruments under the inspiration of better regulation, and the new scenario can positively impact these structures’ credibility and trust. The study indicates an advance in the Brazilian regulatory governance model and opens space for future research.
Direct seeding as a recruitment alternative for the threatened tropical palm Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Beccari in Brazilian dry forest
Authors: Ferreira J. R. , Silva J. O. , Morgado M. V. , Macêdo J. D. B , Rodrigues P. M. S
Published: September 2022

Abstract Habitat loss reduces biodiversity and threatens ecological services. The use of techniques for vegetation restoration such as direct seeding seems promising, mainly because it reduces costs and labor. The aim of this study was to investigate which are the main ecological filters that can inhibit the success of direct seeding, using Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Beccari (Arecaceae), a species that has great ecological and extractive importance for the Brazilian semi-arid region, and is found in habitats with different management intensities. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) managed habitat (pasture) and natural habitat (caatinga vegetation) show differences in seed fate; and (2) defleshed fruits will have greater seed germination success compared to not defleshed. Seed fate was evaluated for two consecutive years, year I (2016-2017) and year II (2017-2018). Within these years, 800 mature fruits were buried along 300 m transects, half with defleshing treatment, and monitored during 240 days. The highest seed survival occurred in year II, this result may be associated with higher rainfall recorded during the experiment, considering that there was no difference in seed germination between habitats. Defleshing facilitated germination and reduced insect predation, likely by removing invertebrate larvae before they have reached the seed. Desiccation was the major cause of mortality in the entire study and was higher in the managed habitat. Water insufficiency may have caused the deactivation of antioxidant mechanisms and affected the embryo. Although defleshing may favor germination, this procedure would not be indicated for pastures as it favors desiccation. The study showed how habitat management and fruit defleshing can affect seed fate. More studies on ecological relationships need to be carried out to increase understanding of how habitat modification affects the functioning of arid ecosystems.
Overview of the factors that influence the competitiveness of startups: a systematized literature review
Authors: Silva Júnior Claudio Roberto , Siluk Julio Cezar Mairesse , Neuenfeldt Júnior Alvaro , Rosa Carmen Brum , Michelin Cláudia de Freitas
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This research presents a systematized literature review to identify the main critical success factors (CSFs) that influence startups’ competitiveness. Considering that aspects related to competitiveness should be the target of organizations, especially early-stage companies, this paper identifies a broad of factors regarding startups’ competitiveness. A total of 36 articles were selected in Scopus and Web of Science databases and an in-depth bibliometric analysis of the corpus was performed using the VOSviewer software. 25 CSFs that influence startups’ competitiveness were identified and categorized into three fundamental points of view (FPVs), namely: organizational, human, and environmental. Organizational FPV covers factors that define the internal characteristics of startups. Human FPV, in turn, consists of characteristics of human capital, while the Environmental FPV refers to external factors and the startup context. This work could help practitioners and policymakers by enlightening them about startups’ competitiveness and the elements involved therein, along with providing them with a robust conceptual framework.
Wild fauna received by the Wild Animal Screening Centre and referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasília
Authors: Cunha Gabriele Bortolotto , Lima Fernanda Vasques Campos Rodrigues , Soares Maria Eduarda de Quadros , Hirano Líria Queiroz Luz
Published: September 2022

Abstract The aim of this work was to analyze records from two institutions that work with wild animals throughout 2018. Data were obtained from the animals received by the Wild Animal Screening Centre of Federal District (CETAS-DF), Brazil, referring to the type of admission and destination, species, as well as animals that required veterinary care and were referred to the Wild Animal Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Brasilia (HVet-UnB) with description of the main conditions and temporal analysis. Of the 7,603 animals that were admitted to CETAS-DF (6,646 birds, 461 mammals and 496 reptiles), 1,028 individuals (13.52%) required veterinary medical care and were referred to HVet-UnB. The class of animals that most needed assistance was birds (765), followed by mammals (225) and reptiles (37). Unlike other fauna diagnostic surveys from environmental agencies, this is the first study that correlates the numbers of animals received by a CETAS and that were referred for veterinary medical follow-up. The high number of wild animals that require referral to specialized institutions reinforces the need to establish agreements and structure for veterinary medical treatment and subsequent rehabilitation of these specimens as part of an action plan for the conservation of biodiversity in the country.
As Fontes indológicas de Nietzsche: um espanto antimodernista ao ritmo do Ganges
Authors: Paganus Arilson
Published: September 2022

RESUMO Apresentamos um Nietzsche pouco conhecido e com marcas profundas de uma cultura oriental que ocupou seu espírito e seus escritos. A Índia, o pensamento nela inserido e o que chegou à Alemanha até a época do filósofo, não foi ou se tornou uma simples aventura ou curiosidade em Nietzsche, senão um choque proveitoso de cultura, misturado com um encanto de pensamento sistemático, novos olhares e ousadias. Novos olhares: fora das fronteiras europeias, fora da moral e erudição (otimismo da razão moderna). Nietzsche deleita-se, aconchega-se, encontra-se e anseia, como ele mesmo expressa, mais e mais. A Índia lhe faz bem, muito bem, bem além do bem e do mal. Uma Índia que, além de ser ponto de referência para suas comparações frente ao cristianismo, servia-lhe de ponte ou de inspiração para além-do-homem. E, aqui, mostramos esse encontro de ideias e damos dois exemplos de como o filósofo se apoderou delas, especialmente em torno do Manu-saṁhitā e do budismo, sobre os quais ele debruça-se com “uma espécie de sede crescente”, utilizando-os em comparações.
A singularidade compósita: o Monstro de Ravenna em manuscritos italianos
Authors: Sá Luiz César de , Viegas Rafael
Published: September 2022

Resumo Neste artigo se discute o corpus italiano relativo ao aparecimento do Monstro de Ravenna. De saída, apresenta-se uma metodologia para o exame de materiais teratológicos de uma primeira época moderna, enfocando os dispositivos de autorização e os critérios datados de sua legibilidade. A seguir, são examinados os diários de Sebastiano di Branca Tedallini, Luca Landucci e Marin Sanudo com o objetivo de apontar, primeiro, os pressupostos informacionais de sua atividade diarista e, segundo, os mecanismos de produção e consumo dos discursos teratológicos neles inscritos. Na terceira seção, propõe-se que o Monstro de Ravenna se singulariza dos demais monstros “aristotélicos” relatados nos diários quando sua morfologia é assimilada na exegese político-teológico-moral, explorada com o apoio de textos de outros letrados. Conclui-se que, nesse movimento, ele assume o caráter de “singularidade compósita”.
Trabajo doméstico en tiempos de coronavirus: la precariedad de las empleadas de hogar migrantes en España
Authors: Hernández Cordero Ana Lucía , Gentile Alessandro
Published: September 2022

Resumen: La precariedad que caracteriza al empleo doméstico en España no es nueva, sin embargo, la emergencia sanitaria provocada por el covid-19 la ha agudizado. La situación migratoria de gran parte de las empleadas, así como la informalidad que prevalece en este nicho laboral, se han distinguido como elementos de mayor vulnerabilidad para este colectivo en el contexto de la pandemia. En este texto analizamos el impacto del covid-19 sobre el empleo de hogar y los cuidados en el contexto español, en concreto recuperamos la experiencia de trabajadoras domésticas de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España), resaltando sus dificultades laborales, sociales y sanitarias, así como las estrategias empleadas para enfrentar las consecuencias de la pandemia.
Mulheres imigrantes no trabalho doméstico remunerado em São Paulo: duas trajetórias e uma multiplicidade de arranjos
Authors: Martins Ester Gouvêa
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este trabalho busca articular os temas das migrações internacionais de mulheres e do trabalho doméstico remunerado. Especificamente, nossa atenção se volta às trajetórias de duas imigrantes trabalhadoras domésticas na cidade de São Paulo. Partimos do pressuposto de que cada imigrante é um sujeito coletivo, representante (também) de grupos sociais, razão pela qual suas trajetórias são ilustrativas da diversidade de arranjos familiares, migratórios e laborais que podem existir. Além disso, buscamos ressaltar os fatores macroestruturais contextuais da origem de cada uma, bem como suas próprias percepções sobre as oportunidades que possuem e suas aspirações. Para a realização desta pesquisa, foi feita revisão bibliográfica e documental de dados secundários, além de entrevista semiestruturada com cada interlocutora. Objetivamos, assim, salientar a multiplicidade de experiências e subjetividades, as transformações em curso quanto aos sujeitos envolvidos no trabalho doméstico e na imigração no Brasil.
Cambiar las narrativas: acompañamiento humanitario, jurídico y político a mujeres en tránsito por México
Authors: Pirker Kristina
Published: September 2022

Resumen: Este artículo, basado en una investigación más amplia sobre prácticas de acompañamiento humanitario, jurídico y legal a personas en situación de migración en México, destaca como problema la relativa ausencia de la voz femenina, por lo que se centra en analizar las estrategias por medio de las cuales tres organizaciones mexicanas articulan la visibilización de las mujeres como un grupo con necesidades específicas, con prácticas de acompañamiento orientadas a impulsar su autonomía frente a agencias gubernamentales, sus familias o sus parejas. Se espera que estas reflexiones empíricamente fundamentadas aporten, por una parte, a descripciones analíticas cada vez más precisas respecto a lo “específicamente feminista” de ciertas prácticas de acompañamiento y promoción del derecho humano a una migración segura. Por otra parte, que contribuyan a aclarar cuáles serían condiciones materiales y simbólicas básicas para que mujeres en diferentes situaciones de movilidad puedan participar cada vez más en la definición colectiva de sus necesidades y demandas.
Vulnerabilidade da pessoa idosa institucionalizada e o apoio social na perspectiva da pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Brito Andiara Araújo Cunegundes de , Silva Jennifer do Vale e , Holanda Júlia Maria Fernandes , Souza Ryssia Raynalle Magalhães Nogueira de , Mendes Tamires Carneiro de Oliveira , Lima Kenio Costa
Published: September 2022

Resumo Objetivo Discutir as medidas de prevenção da covid-19 no contexto da vulnerabilidade das pessoas idosas institucionalizadas e analisar o apoio social ofertado às Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos durante a pandemia. Método Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com trabalhadores de 24 instituições filantrópicas do Rio Grande do Norte. Os conceitos de vulnerabilidade em saúde e apoio social embasaram a organização e discussão dos dados submetidos à análise temática. Resultados As instituições adotaram, parcialmente, as medidas de prevenção recomendadas pela Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, em evidência: cancelamento de visitas, uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual e limpeza dos ambientes. Em sua maioria, as instituições priorizaram o controle da transmissão viral, secundarizando a redução dos impactos sociopsicológicos referentes ao distanciamento e isolamento social. Foram observadas medidas não recomendadas e sem evidência científica, como o uso de ivermectina. Ainda, a atuação das redes de assistência social e de saúde se efetivou de forma mais integrada, melhorando o apoio social oferecido às instituições na perspectiva da pandemia. O Sistema Único de Saúde se destacou pelas recomendações sanitárias, oferta de insumos e atenção da Estratégia Saúde da Família, enquanto o Sistema Único de Assistência Social atuou de maneira menos expressiva. Conclusão Em geral, as medidas adotadas foram insuficientes para a prevenção da covid-19 diante das suscetibilidades dos idosos institucionalizados. Embora a pandemia tenha ampliado a rede de apoio social e a visibilidade das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos, tornam-se necessários maiores investimentos do poder público para efetivar a redução de vulnerabilidade dessas pessoas idosas.
Performance of ICDAS e-learning program in teaching graduate students on the detection of occlusal caries
Authors: ROLIM Tatiane Zahn Cardoso , MARCHETTI Gisele , FELIPAK Patricia Kochany , REYES Magdalena Torres , MENEZES José Vitor Nogara Borges de , SOUZA Juliana Feltrin de
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in detecting occlusal caries among graduate students after training using the e-learning program. Methods: A sample of forty-two primary teeth with different ranges of occlusal caries was selected. All teeth were mounted on a wax support and standardized photographs (EOS Rebel XTI, Canon, NY, USA) of the occlusal surfaces were taken. An experienced researcher randomly selected one specific site on the occlusal surface of each tooth to be examined later. Fifteen graduate students with no previous experience in the ICDAS scores completed the ICDAS e-learning program in Portuguese. After the training, visual examination of the occlusal surfaces was taken twice, independently, with a two-week interval. After visual examination, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned 1mm away from the previously selected occlusal site. The teeth were fixed on a wax support and photographed. Histological analysis was performed from these photographs by an experienced researcher to evaluate the depth of demineralization. Results: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) inter-examiner values among all participants varied from 0.54 to 0.96 and intra-examiner ICC reproducibility of the examiners ranges from 0.61 to 0.85, showing good to excellent reproducibility. For detection of enamel and dentine lesions (D1), ICDAS obtained sensitivity 0.835 and specificity 0.756. For dentine lesions (D3), the method revealed an increase in sensitivity but specificity was similar to D1. Conclusion: ICDAS e-learning training program was efficient for the training of caries lesions detection among graduate students.
Evaluation of temporary cement to prevent bacterial contamination of the root canal after pulpectomy
Authors: PEREIRA Letícia Martins , NAVES Sophia Maria Mateus , COSTA Júlia Modesto da , MORAES Igor de Oliveira , SILVA Sandra Regina Echeverria Pinho da , FONTANA Carlos Eduardo , PINHEIRO Sérgio Luiz
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT To evaluate the ability of temporary cement (TC) and gutta-percha sticks (GP) to prevent bacterial contamination of the root canal through the coronal seal after pulpectomy. Eighty artificial primary maxillary central incisors were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: TC (n = 40) and GP (n = 40). Endodontic access, rotary instrumentation, root canal filling, and coronal sealing were performed according to group allocation. The root canal opening was seeded with S. mutans and E. faecalis. Both groups were subdivided into 5 experimental time points (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours), with 8 specimens per time-point group: 5 in which both root canal filling and coronal sealing were performed (with either TC or GP) and 3 controls (coronal sealing alone, without root canal filling). All specimens were incubated in an anaerobic jar at 37°C, and bacterial contamination was assessed in a spectrophotometer. ANOVA (t-test) was used to compare contamination and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare filling scores between the experimental groups. A significant difference was observed in sealing in the first 24 hours between GP and controls (p = 0.046). There was no significant difference in the filling pattern between canals sealed with TC versus GP. Specimens sealed with GP showed less contamination than controls in the first 24 hours. At later time points, neither GP nor TC were effective at controlling bacterial contamination; both failed to provide adequate coronal sealing.
Relationship between social network and social support with early childhood caries
Authors: FIRMEZA Luiza Maria Dias , LIMA Mateus Ramos Plutarco , EVANGELISTA Lídia Nara Fernandes , FREIRE JUNIOR Jorge Luiz Moreira , ALMEIDA Maria Eneide Leitão de , TEIXEIRA Ana Karine Macedo
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between social network and social support with early childhood caries in preschool children. Methods: A transversal study with 100 children aging at most 5 years and 11 months was performed. The children underwent a clinical dental evaluation and their parents answered a structured questionnaire. Results: Dental caries was associated with time of bottle feeding (p=0.031) (RP=5.203) and number of dental appointment (p=0,010) (RP=6,293). Moreover, dental caries was also directly associated with the number of siblings living together in the same house (p=0.002) (r=0.372), while inverse correlation was found between dental caries and social support (p=0.028) (r= - 0.219). Conclusion: Preschool children whose supervisors had a better social support presented superior oral health, suggesting that social support from caregivers is associated with improved pediatric oral health.
A Constituição de 1988 e o rompimento com os pactos de silêncio em torno dos quilombos
Authors: Pereira Paulo Fernando Soares
Published: September 2022

Resumo O artigo reflete sobre o rompimento do pacto de silenciamento em torno da resistência quilombola promovido a partir da Constituição de 1988. Para tanto, considerando que o Direito Constitucional demorou um século para reconhecer a resistência quilombola (1888 a 1988), parte do dispositivo previsto no art. 216, § 5º, da Constituição brasileira, para indagar a importância de se estudar a patrimonialidade dos sítios detentores de reminiscências históricas dos antigos quilombos e as suas implicações no campo jurídico. A metodologia consistiu na revisão crítica de literatura.
A consulta aos povos indígenas e o equilíbrio do poder simbólico entre as perspectivas envolvidas
Authors: Nascimento Laura Fernanda Melo , Nogueira Caroline Barbosa Contente
Published: September 2022

Resumo O presente artigo demonstra como o procedimento de consulta aos povos indígenas torna-se um mecanismo de participação democrática quando minorado o desequilíbrio de poder simbólico e adotado um viés descolonizante. Os métodos foram o dedutivo e o materialista histórico-dialético e a pesquisa bibliográfica. Para alcançar o resultado, utilizou-se as teorias do poder simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu e do perspectivismo ameríndio de Viveiros de Castro.
Os argumentos relativos a direitos nas ocupações de escolas no estado de São Paulo (2015): experiências de desrespeito, reconhecimento e política pré-figurativa
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo Juozepavicius
Published: September 2022

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma análise e interpretação teórica das reivindicações relacionadas a direitos relatadas pelos estudantes nas ocupações de escolas públicas no estado de São Paulo, em 2015. Primeiro, reconstruo o caso por meio de um recorte de entrevistas realizadas com os estudantes em que mencionam as suas experiências de desrespeito diante da proposta governamental de “reorganização escolar”. Em seguida, mobilizo elementos das concepções de teoria crítica de Axel Honneth e Robin Celikates que podem ser produtivos para interpretar experiências e práticas sociais concretas em contextos de lutas sociais. Por último, considerando as observações sobre a “esfera do direito” no livro Luta por reconhecimento, proponho uma interpretação teórica dos argumentos e reivindicações relacionadas aos direitos como consistindo em um recurso prático e medium compartilhado que permitiu que os protestos reverberassem por todo o estado e em outros setores sociais distantes dos estudantes.
O que resta da Comissão Nacional da Verdade?: A política do tempo nas comissões da verdade
Authors: Schettini Andrea
Published: September 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar criticamente a política do tempo construída no campo da justiça de transição e reproduzida no âmbito das comissões da verdade. Trata-se de investigar a relação entre os discursos histórico e jurídico e seus efeitos na delimitação simbólica do passado violento e do presente democrático. A experiência da Comissão Nacional da Verdade atravessa o presente ensaio enquanto importante referência para o estudo crítico das comissões da verdade, evidenciando os limites e as potencialidades desse mecanismo de justiça.
Introdução ao direito insurgente negro: antecedentes teóricos, bases epistêmicas e usos políticos táticos
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Maurente , Pazello Ricardo Prestes
Published: September 2022

Resumo Neste artigo, propõe-se a introdução de uma teoria crítica antirracista do direito que possa servir de modelo analítico para a luta antirracista no campo jurídico: o direito insurgente negro. Para tanto, resgata-se, em linhas gerais, as diferentes correntes do antirracismo jurídico encontradas na literatura nacional, observando de que maneira cada uma delas está em harmonia ou desarmonia com a crítica jurídica aqui defendida e com a perspectiva estrutural de racismo. Ao trazer o giro descolonial e a crítica marxista em interseccionalidade com a questão racial, aponta-se para os usos políticos táticos do direito insurgente negro realizados por movimentos populares negros e suas demais organizações. Assim, as reflexões aqui trazidas, as quais incorporam um caráter reivindicatório-participativo, propõem uma agenda política de ação pela mudança social, mais especificamente a indicação de como a crítica jurídica pode auxiliar no combate ao racismo estrutural da sociedade capitalista dependente. Á título de conclusão, a proposta de um direito insurgente negro tenta apresentar o legado interpretativo marxista-descolonial sobre o direito, fazendo-lhe seguir um repertório de indicações a respeito dos seus usos táticos, solução teórica para realizar a mediação entre a crítica à essência do direito como forma social do capital e a necessidade de seu manejo sob a sociedade capitalista.