bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modular and Reconfigurable Stretchable Electronic Systems
Authors: Kang Jiheong , Son Donghee , Vardoulis Orestis , Mun Jaewan , Matsuhisa Naoji , Kim Yeongin , Kim Jaemin , Tok Jeffrey B.‐H. , Bao Zhenan
Published: December 2018

Electronics offering modularity in design and function, i.e., modular electronics have enabled a wide gamut of applications, such as promotion of creativity, self‐assembling robots, and customizable consumer electronics. In particular, there is recently a fertile application domain within the rapidly growing needs in wearable technologies. Toward this application, it is proposed that stretchable, self‐healable, and mechanically tough materials will enable a highly desirable reconfigurable multifunctional and modular platform for wearable electronics. Here, the novel applications of tough self‐healing elastomer are reported to realize skin‐like modular electronics system,, i.e., stretchable, tough, self‐healable, and reconfigurable, in which multiple electronic components are electrically interconnected and can effectively communicate with each other digitally. The fabricated self‐healing conductive lines can also allow for components that can be readily cut, reconfigured, and reconnected by the user.
Phase‐Field Study of Electromechanical Coupling in Lead‐Free Relaxor/Ferroelectric‐Layered Composites
Authors: Wang Shuai , Ayrikyan Azatuhi , Zhang Haibo , Webber Kyle G. , Xu Bai‐Xiang
Published: December 2018

The interface coupling effect of multilayer lead‐free ceramic/ceramic relaxor/ferroelectric composites is studied by finite element–based phase‐field simulations. The macroscopic electromechanical behavior of such composite systems is influenced by both polarization and strain coupling through the electrical and mechanical interaction of connected layers. Separating such interconnected phenomena is difficult experimentally. Here, we direct investigate different coupling effect by introducing soft and charge interphase layers in the serial‐type layer composite model. The large strain response of the composite results from the electric field–induced nonpolar–polar phase transition of the relaxor constituent. A new relaxor phase‐field model is first developed to reproduce this phase transition and parameterized by fitting the measured hysteresis loops. It is then directly compared to the experimental results of the serial‐type composite composed of 0.91Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–0.06BaTiO3–0.03AgNbO3 and 0.93Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–0.07BaTiO3. Results show that the lateral strain coupling in the serial layer contributes considerably to the large signal piezoelectric coefficient . The primary enhancement in is due a reduction in the remanent strain of the ferroelectric layer caused by the lateral mismatch. Moreover, charge interphase layers in the composite can introduce an internal electric field, leading to a weaker large‐signal response compared with the composite with coherent interfaces.
The emergence of human warfare: Current perspectives
Authors: Kissel Marc , Kim Nam C.
Published: December 2018

The origins of warfare have long been of interest for researchers across disciplines. Did our earliest ancestors engage in forms of organized violence that are appropriately viewed as approximations, forms of, or analogs for more recent forms of warfare? Assessed in this article are contrasting views that see warfare as being either a product of more recent human societies or a phenomenon with a much deeper chronology. The article provides an overview of current debates, theories, and methodological approaches, citing literature and data from archaeological, ethnographic, genetic, primatological, and paleoanthropological studies. Synthetic anthropological treatments are needed, especially in efforts to inform debates among nonacademic audiences, because the discipline's approaches are ideally suited to study the origins of warfare. Emphasized is the need to consider possible forms of violence and intergroup aggression within Pleistocene contexts, despite the methodological challenges associated with fragmentary, equivocal, or scarce data. Finally, the review concludes with an argument about the implications of the currently available data. We propose that socially cooperative violence, or “emergent warfare,” became possible with the onset of symbolic thought and complex cognition. Viewing emergent warfare as a byproduct of the human capacity for symbolic thought explains how the same capacities for communication and sociality allowed for elaborate peacemaking, conflict resolution, and avoidance. Cultural institutions around war and peace are both made possible by these changes. Accordingly, we suggest that studies on warfare's origins should be tied to research on the advent of cooperation, sociality, and communication.
Organische Photosäuren‐ und Photobasenbildner für Polymerisationen: Jüngste Fortschritte und Herausforderungen
Authors: Zivic Nicolas , Kuroishi Paula K. , Dumur Frédéric , Gigmes Didier , Dove Andrew P. , Sardon Haritz
Published: December 2018

Photopolymerisation, oder in anderen Worten die Nutzung von Licht als Auslöser einer Polymerisationsreaktion, ist eine der vielversprechendsten Technologien zur Herstellung anspruchsvoller Polymere. Eine der Schlüsselkomponenten der Photopolymerisation ist die photoaktive Spezies. Diese ist in der Lage, durch die Absorption von Licht die aktive Verbindung zu generieren, welche die Polymerisation der Monomere einleitet und einen großen Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des finalen Produkts hat. In der Vergangenheit war das Forschungsfeld der Photopolymerisation von photoaktiven Radikalbildnern zur Einleitung radikalischer Reaktionen dominiert. Um das Spektrum der Polymere, die durch eine Photopolymerisation hergestellt werden können zu erweitern, wurde im letzten Jahrzehnt intensive Forschungsarbeit zur Synthese und Verwendung photoaktiver Moleküle geleistet, die in der Lage sind, unter Einfluss von Licht Säuren oder Basen zu bilden. Diese Verbindungen sind nicht nur dafür bekannt, die ringöffnende Polymerisation verschiedenster heterozyklischer Monomere, wie Laktone, Carbonate oder Epoxide einzuleiten, sondern auch die Stufenwachstumsreaktion von Polyurethanen zu initiieren. Dieser Kurzaufsatz hebt die jüngsten Fortschritte zur Entwicklung organischer, photoaktiver Säuren‐ und Basenbildner hervor, mit dem Ziel, eine breitere Anwendung der photoaktiven Verbindung im Bereich der Photopolymerisation zu fördern und die Verwendung der daraus resultierenden Polymere für anspruchsvolle Produktionsprozesse zu ermöglichen.
Reductive Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Boronic Acids with Nitro Compounds
Authors: Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel , Hernández‐Ruiz Raquel , Virumbrales Cintia , Pedrosa María R. , Sanz Roberto
Published: December 2018

The synthesis of aromatic amines is of utmost importance in a wide range of chemical contexts. We report a direct amination of boronic acids with nitro compounds to yield (hetero)aryl amines. The novel combination of a dioxomolybdenum(VI) catalyst and triphenylphosphine as inexpensive reductant has revealed to be decisive to achieve this new C−N coupling. Our methodology has proven to be scalable, air and moisture tolerant, highly chemoselective and engages both aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds. Moreover, this general and step‐economical synthesis of aromatic secondary amines showcases orthogonality to other aromatic amine syntheses as it tolerates aryl halides and carbonyl compounds.
Base‐Mediated Defluorosilylation of C(sp2)−F and C(sp3)−F Bonds
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Wei , Zarate Cayetana , Martin Ruben
Published: December 2018

The ability to selectively forge C–heteroatom bonds by C−F scission is typically accomplished by metal catalysts, specialized ligands and/or harsh reaction conditions. Described herein is a base‐mediated defluorosilylation of unactivated C(sp2)−F and C(sp3)−F bonds that obviates the need for metal catalysts. This protocol is characterized by its simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and wide scope, even within the context of late‐stage functionalization, constituting a complementary approach to existing C−Si bond‐forming protocols.
Colloidal Synthesis and Charge‐Carrier Dynamics of Cs2AgSb1−yBiyX6 (X: Br, Cl; 0 ≤y ≤1) Double Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Bin , Hong Feng , Chen Junsheng , Tang Yuxuan , Yang Li , Sang Youbao , Xia Xusheng , Guo Jingwei , He Haixiang , Yang Songqiu , Deng Weiqiao , Han Keli
Published: December 2018

A series of lead‐free double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) Cs2AgSb1−yBiyX6 (X: Br, Cl; 0≤y≤1) is synthesized. In particular, the Cs2AgSbBr6 NCs is a new double perovskite material that has not been reported for the bulk form. Mixed Ag–Sb/Bi NCs exhibit enhanced stability in colloidal solution compared to Ag–Bi or Ag–Sb NCs. Femtosecond transient absorption studies indicate the presence of two prominent fast trapping processes in the charge‐carrier relaxation. The two fast trapping processes are dominated by intrinsic self‐trapping (ca. 1–2 ps) arising from giant exciton–phonon coupling and surface‐defect trapping (ca. 50–100 ps). Slow hot‐carrier relaxation is observed at high pump fluence, and the possible mechanisms for the slow hot‐carrier relaxation are also discussed.
Bidentate Boron Lewis Acids: Selectivity in Host–Guest Complex Formation
Authors: Niermeier Philipp , Blomeyer Sebastian , Bejaoui Younes K. J. , Beckmann J. Louis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: December 2018

Bidentate boron Lewis acids based on 1,8‐diethynylanthracene were synthesised in two steps by initial stannylation of the terminal alkynes and subsequent tin–boron exchange with different chloroboranes. The reactions were very selective, and the target compounds were obtained in high purity and good to excellent yields. Complexation experiments of 1,8‐bis[(diphenylboranyl)ethynyl]anthracene with nitrogen bases (pyridine, pyrimidine, TMEDA) afforded three stable adducts, which were structurally characterised by X‐ray diffraction. Competition experiments demonstrated the selective exchange of guests, and quantum‐chemical calculations provided information on their energetics. NMR experiments at low temperature gave insight into the dynamic behaviour of the TMEDA adduct.
Cyclodextrin‐modified polycarboxylate superplasticizers as dispersant agents for multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Meng Yeyun , Liao Bing , Pang Hao , Zhang Jingfei , Song Lingxia
Published: December 2018

A new type poly(AA‐co‐β‐CD‐A‐co‐TPEG) (PACD) copolymer was prepared by the copolymerization of a novel monovinyl β‐cyclodextrin monomer (β‐CD‐A), acrylic acid, and isoprenyl oxy poly(ethylene glycol) (TPEG‐2400). This copolymer could be used as dispersant for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which exhibit an excellent dispersion ability. This study mainly investigated the dispersing behavior of the PACD as well as the best ratio between these dispersants and MWCNTs. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the morphology of the dispersed of MWCNTs. ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectra were utilized to determine the dispersion of MWCNTs and the optimum concentration of PACD. It was found that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer decreased MWCNTs aggregative tendency in water but not as well as PACD. Moreover, the optimum mass ratio of the PACD to the MWCNTs is 5:1. In addition, the effect of PACD on the dispersion ability of MWCNTs was evaluated in cement samples. Our results indicated that MWCNTs could still disperse well with the help of PACD even with the presence of cement. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47311.
Preparation of anion exchange membranes based on pyridine functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked by 1,4‐dichlorobutane
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Jilin , Wang Lulu
Published: December 2018

A series of anion exchange membranes [pyridine functionalized‐poly(vinyl alcohol)‐1,4‐dichlorobutane (PVA‐PY‐DLx)] were synthesized by using PVA‐PY as polymer matrix and DL as crosslinker and iodomethane as quaternization reagent. During the experiment, pyridine groups grafted on PVA were transformed into quaternary ammonium group during the formation process of the crosslinked structure and the quaternization routine by iodomethane. The characterization results revealed that the PVA‐PY‐DLx membranes have been successfully prepared and the crystallinity increases with increase of DL. PVA‐PY‐DLx membranes have smooth and uniform morphology. The introduction of crosslinked structure improves the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the PVA‐PY‐DLx membrane, enhances the alkali resistance. When the mass content of DL was 4.0%, composite membrane had the maximum tensile strength (44.2 MPa), and the OH− conductivity reaches 1.05 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 70 °C. The accelerated aging experiment was carried out in 3 mol L−1 potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for 120 h at 80 °C, which revealed that the anionic conductivity of PVA‐PY‐DL4.0 membrane retains 79.6% of its initial conductivity, showing better stability of alkali stability. Methanol permeability of PVA‐PY‐DLx membranes was only the 0.37–0.72% of the Nafion‐117 membrane in 3 mol L−1 methanol at 60 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47395.
Numerical/experimental assessment of 3D‐printed shape‐memory polymeric beams
Authors: Feng Y. C. , Bodaghi M. , Liao W. H.
Published: December 2018

The main objective of this article is to present different computational tools to replicate thermomechanical shape‐memory responses of beam‐like structures fabricated by three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology. To simulate thermomechanical behaviors of shape‐memory polymer (SMP) beams, one‐dimensional (1D) finite element model (FEM) building with MATLAB and 3D FEM by means of COMSOL Multiphysics are established. All governing equations are developed based on a 3D thermomechanical SMP constitutive model. 1D FEM is derived on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and linear geometrical assumption. The 3D SMP constitutive model is implemented into geometrically nonlinear COMSOL Multiphysics software through a user‐defined material subroutine to provide a powerful 3D simulation tool. Comparative studies on FEMs of MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics reveal that geometrically linear assumption is appropriate for models in large/small deformation under tension/bending. 1D analytical solution for deflection of an SMP beam employing Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is also developed. An experiment is conducted to demonstrate a full shape‐memory cycle of SMPs. It is experimentally shown that a 3D‐printed beam recovers the deformation incurred by external loads upon heating over the transition temperature. The accuracy of the 3D FEM in COMSOL Multiphysics is checked with analytical solutions and experimental data. It is found that simulation results of the program are in good agreement with characteristics observed in the experiment and analytical solutions. The developed computational tools are expected to be instrumental in the design of simple/complicated SMP structures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47422.
A systematic review and meta‐regression analysis of social functioning correlates in autism and typical development
Authors: Bottema‐Beutel Kristen , Kim So Yoon , Crowley Shannon
Published: December 2018

Differences in social functioning are a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and much research has been devoted to locating cognitive and developmental explanations for this domain. To sort through this literature, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis that quantifies the extent to which several of these candidate constructs are associated with social functioning. We gathered 881 effect sizes calculated from 133 unique participant samples, and synthesized Pearson's r correlations between social functioning and three cognitive constructs; (a) theory of mind (ToM), (b) executive function, and (c) central coherence, and five developmental constructs: (d) initiating joint attention, (e) responding to joint attention, (f) imitation, (g) pretend play, and (h) visual fixation to social stimuli. We synthesized effect sizes using robust variance estimation for each putative correlate, for populations with ASD and typical development (TD) separately. We also conducted a series of meta‐regressions to determine if sample and study features moderated effect sizes. We found that, in the ASD group, effect size estimates were significant and small (<0.30) for ToM, executive function, and initiating joint attention. Effect size estimates were significant and moderate (0.30 < r < 0.50) for imitation and response to joint attention. In the TD group, effect size estimates for ToM, executive function, and initiating joint attention were significant and small. In a meta‐regression collapsed across correlates, we found that effect sizes were significantly larger in the ASD group (P < 0.05) and decreased as mental age increased (P < 0.001). Autism Res 2019, 12: 152–175 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

In this meta‐analysis, we found that correlations between social functioning and several constructs used to explain the developmental or cognitive origins of social functioning were quite low. This could mean that researchers will need to develop new theories about social functioning in ASD.
Effect of biotin supplementation on fatty acid metabolic pathways in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Moreno‐Méndez Ericka , Hernández‐Vázquez Alain , Fernández‐Mejía Cristina
Published: December 2018

Several studies have shown that pharmacological concentrations of biotin decrease serum lipid concentrations and the expression of lipogenic genes. Previous studies on epididymal adipose tissue in mice revealed that 8 weeks of dietary biotin supplementation increased the protein abundance of the active form of AMPK and the inactive forms acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)‐1 and − 2, and decreased serum free fatty acid concentrations but did not affect lipolysis. These data suggest that pharmacological concentrations of the vitamin might affect fatty acid metabolism. In this work, we investigated the effects of pharmacological biotin concentrations on fatty acid synthesis, oxidation, and uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Similar to observations in mice, biotin‐supplemented 3T3‐L1 adipose cells increased the protein abundance of active T172‐AMPK and inactive ACC‐1 and ‐2 forms. No changes were observed in the expression of the transcriptional factor PPARα and carnitine‐palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1). Radiolabeled assays indicated a decrease in fatty acid synthesis; an increase in fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid incorporation rate into the lipid fraction between control cells and biotin‐supplemented cells. The data revealed an increase in the mRNA abundance of the fatty acid transport proteins Fatp1 and Acsl1 but not Cd36 or Fatp4 mRNA. Furthermore, the abundance of glycerol phosphate acyl transferase‐3 protein was increased. Triglyceride content was not affected. Lipid droplet numbers showed an increase and their areas were smaller in the biotin‐supplemented group. In conclusion, these data indicate that biotin supplementation causes a decrease in fatty acid synthesis and an increase in its oxidation and uptake. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):259–270, 2019
A protein chimera self‐assembling unit for drug delivery
Authors: Amalfitano Adriana , Martini Cecilia , Nocca Giuseppina , Papi Massimiliano , De Spirito Marco , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Vitali Alberto , Bugli Francesca , Arcovito Alessandro
Published: December 2018

In the modern view of selective drug delivery of bioactive molecules, the attention is moving onto the setup of the perfect carrier more than in the optimization of the active compound. In this respect, virus‐like particles constitute bioinspired nanodevices with the intrinsic ability to transport a large class of molecules, ranging from smart drugs to small interfering RNAs. In this work, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel construct obtained by fusing a self‐assembling protein from the human Rotavirus A, VP6, with the Small Ubiquitin Modifier domain, which maintains the ability to form nanoparticles and nanotubes and is able to be used as a drug carrier, even without specific targeting epitopes. The high expression and purification yield, combined with low toxicity of the empty particles, clearly indicate a good candidate for future studies of selective drug delivery. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2769, 2019.
Low prevalence of anti‐xenobiotic antibodies among the occupationally exposed individuals is associated with a high risk of cancer
Authors: Sajid Mohammad , Agrewala Javed N.
Published: December 2018

Cancer is one of the major health problem globally, responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Exposure of humans to xenobiotics is associated with the development of cancer. Further, these xenobiotics may combine with the body proteins and can act as a hapten and elicit an antibody response. In this study, we examined whether the regular exposer to xenobiotics evokes anti‐xenobiotic antibodies and the presence of these antibodies have any correlation with the prevention of cancer. Interestingly, we noticed that the healthy household contacts showed significantly greater titers of anti‐xenobiotic antibodies, as compared to cancer patients. Consequently, suggesting that the higher level of anti‐xenobiotic antibodies may be responsible for neutralizing the effect of xenobiotics in the healthy subjects. Thereby, preventing the individuals from disease. In contrast, the presence of a significantly lower level of anti‐xenobiotic antibodies in the cancer patients may be a causative factor for disease infliction. In conclusion, immunotherapy employing anti‐xenobiotic antibodies may provide a prudent remedial measure to clear xenobiotics from the body of the individuals and thereby protecting from cancer.
Lung cancer costs by treatment strategy and phase of care among patients enrolled in Medicare
Authors: Sheehan Deirdre F. , Criss Steven D. , Chen Yufan , Eckel Andrew , Palazzo Lauren , Tramontano Angela C. , Hur Chin , Cipriano Lauren E. , Kong Chung Yin
Published: December 2018

Background

We studied trends in lung cancer treatment cost over time by phase of care, treatment strategy, age, stage at diagnosis, and histology.

Methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database for years 1998‐2013, we allocated total and patient‐liability costs into the following phases of care for 145 988 lung cancer patients: prediagnosis, staging, surgery, initial, continuing, and terminal. Patients served as self‐controls to determine cancer‐attributable costs based on individual precancer diagnosis healthcare costs. We fit linear regression models to determine cost by age and calendar year for each stage at diagnosis, histology, and treatment strategy and presented all costs in 2017 US dollars.

Results

Monthly healthcare costs prior to lung cancer diagnosis were $861 for a 70 years old in 2017 and rose by an average of $17 per year (P < 0.001). Surgery in 2017 cost $30 096, decreasing by $257 per year (P = 0.007). Chemotherapy and radiation costs remained stable or increased for most stage and histology groups, ranging from $4242 to $8287 per month during the initial six months of care. Costs during the final six months of life decreased for those who died of lung cancer or other causes.

Conclusions

Cost‐effectiveness analyses of lung cancer control interventions in the United States have been using outdated and incomplete treatment cost estimates. Our cost estimates enable updated cost‐effectiveness analyses to determine the benefit of lung cancer control from a health economics point of view.
LRP8 is overexpressed in estrogen‐negative breast cancers and a potential target for these tumors
Authors: Maire Virginie , Mahmood Faisal , Rigaill Guillem , Ye Mengliang , Brisson Amélie , Némati Fariba , Gentien David , Tucker Gordon C. , Roman‐Roman Sergio , Dubois Thierry
Published: December 2018

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis. New treatments improving the survival of TNBC patients are, therefore, urgently required. We performed a transcriptome microarray analysis to identify new treatment targets for TNBC. We found that low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 8 (LRP8) was more strongly expressed in estrogen receptor‐negative breast tumors, including TNBCs and those overexpressing HER2, than in luminal breast tumors and normal breast tissues. LRP8 depletion decreased cell proliferation more efficiently in estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer cell lines: TNBC and HER2 overexpressing cell lines. We next focused on TNBC cells for which targeted therapies are not available. LRP8 depletion induced an arrest of the cell cycle progression in G1 phase and programmed cell death. We also found that LRP8 is required for anchorage‐independent growth in vitro, and that its depletion in vivo slowed tumor growth in a xenograft model. Our findings suggest that new approaches targeting LRP8 may constitute promising treatments for hormone‐negative breast cancers, those overexpressing HER2 and TNBCs.
The association between methylation patterns of DNAH17 and clinicopathological factors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fan Xiaoxiao , Guo Hongbin , Dai Binghua , He Lifeng , Zhou Daizhan , Lin Hui
Published: December 2018

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis. Complex genetic and epigenetic alterations are the two primary causes of HCC. The aim of the study was mainly to explore the correlation between the methylation status of DNAH17 and HCC.

Methods

We evaluated the methylation levels of DNAH17 in 163 HCC samples and their paired normal tissue using Sequenom EpiTYPER assays and performed the TaqMan copy number assay to assess the copy number status of DNAH17 in HCC samples.

Results

The mean methylation levels were significantly decreased in the tumor tissues compared to the paired normal tissues in both selected regions of DNAH17 (amplicon 1:58.7% vs 84.5%, P < 0.0001; amplicon 2:69.9% vs 84.5%, P = 0.0060). Contrarily，both RNA‐seq and immunohistochemistry indicated the expression of DNAH17 was increased in tumor tissues (P < 0.05). DNMT inhibitor decitabine treatment could increase the expression of DNAH17 in HCC cell lines. DNAH17 gene amplification always companied with hypomethylation status. Moreover, hypomethylation status was associated with several clinical characteristics, such as male patients, higher AFP values, higher age of onset, fibrous capsules, tumor necrosis, liver cirrhosis, and tumor thrombus (P < 0.05). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the methylation levels of DNAH17 could efficiently predict the existence of the fibrous capsule (AUC = 0.695) and tumor thrombus (AUC = 0.806).

Conclusions

These findings suggested that aberrant methylation of DNAH17 was associated with comprehensive HCC clinicopathological factors and could be a promising biomarker for tumor thrombosis in HCC patients.
GCNT2 induces epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and promotes migration and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Peng Fei , He Qi , Cheng Chao , Pan Jingxuan
Published: December 2018

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The prognosis of patients with ESCC is dismal with a 5‐year survival of about 15%. Thus, identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ESCC patients is urgently needed. Here, we found that manipulation of I‐branching N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GCNT2) expression had no effect on cell proliferation. Notably, overexpression of GCNT2 promoted the migration and invasion, and this effect was associated with increased expression of N‐cadherin and vimentin and decreased expression of E‐cadherin in KYSE30 and EC9706 cells. Knockdown of GCNT2 decreased the expression of N‐cadherin and vimentin, increased the expression of E‐cadherin, and inhibited the migration and invasion in KYSE150 and EC109 cells. The expression of GCNT2 was significantly higher in tumour tissues than in paratumour tissues through tissue microarray analysis. More importantly, overall survival was significantly lower in patients with high GCNT2 expression than those with low GCNT2 expression. Collectively, our findings establish GCNT2 as a novel regulator of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a candidate prognostic indicator of outcome in ESCC patients.

Significance of the study

Our study suggested that GCNT2 was highly expressed in patients with ESCC and predicted adverse outcome. Overexpression of GCNT2 induces EMT and promotes migration and invasion in ESCC cells. Therefore, GCNT2 may act as a candidate prognostic indicator of outcome and a novel target in ESCC patients.
N‐Methylcaprolactam as a Dipolar Aprotic Solvent for Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Matching Efficiency with Safer Reaction Media
Authors: Bisz Elwira , Podchorodecka Pamela , Szostak Michal
Published: December 2018

Although iron‐catalysis provides a powerful alternative to the more conventional palladium and nickel in the cross‐coupling arena, the major limitation is the necessity for carcinogenic N‐methylpyrrolidone as a co‐solvent in the vast majority of catalytic reactions. Herein, we introduce N‐methylcaprolactam as an efficient, non‐toxic and practical dipolar aprotic solvent for iron‐catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp3) alkylative cross‐coupling of aryl chlorides and tosylates. The utility of this method is reflected by its wide substrate scope, high yields and capacity to cross‐couple challenging alkyl organometallics prone to b‐hydride elimination and homocoupling. Considering the broad utility of iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling, we envision that N‐methylcaprolactam will find wide application as a substitute for carcinogenic NMP.
Amphiphilic Biopolyester‐Carbon Nanotube Anode Enhances Electrochemical Activities of Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Yusuf Hindatu , Annuar Mohamad Suffian Mohamad , Subramaniam Ramesh , Gumel Ahmad Mohammed
Published: December 2018

Hydrophobic bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates were rendered amphiphilic by grafting with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, followed by compositing with carbon nanotubes. The polymer graft composite as an anode material encouraged superior biofilm surface growth; thus enhancing electrochemical activities in microbial fuel cells and resulting in higher current and power densities. The internal resistance of the cell was greatly reduced due to improved electron transfer from the biofilm to the anode.
Supportive and mitigating factors associated with financial resiliency and distress
Authors: Bhargava Vibha , Palmer Lance , Chatterjee Swarn , Stebbins Richard
Published: December 2018

The associations between and among general human capital, financial management behavior, and social capital with an individual's financial position following bankruptcy are examined in this study. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, the significance of each type of capital or practice associated with two separate measures of financial well‐being following bankruptcy are estimated. Results indicate that individuals who possess higher levels of general human capital, social capital, and normative financial management behavior are significantly more likely to both recover financially following bankruptcy, as well as experience lower levels of financial distress when compared to individuals with similar amounts of nonfinancial capital. Study results suggest that postbankruptcy education programs should encourage human and social capital development in addition to financial education as a means to increase the likelihood of financial wealth accumulation following bankruptcy. Implications for financial planners include the consideration of clients' general human capital and social capital when seeking to mitigate potential shocks to client's financial capital.
A differentially private method for crowdsourcing data submission
Authors: Zhang Lefeng , Xiong Ping , Ren Wei , Zhu Tianqing
Published: December 2018

In recent years, the ubiquity of mobile devices has made spatial crowdsourcing a successful business platform for conducting spatiotemporal projects. In spatial crowdsourcing, workers contribute to a project by performing a task at a specific location. However, these platforms present serious threats to people's location privacy because sensitive information may be leaked from submitted spatiotemporal data. As a result, people may be hesitant to join spatial crowdsourcing projects, which hampers further applications of this business model. In this paper, we propose a private spatial crowdsourcing data submission algorithm, called PS‐Sub. This is a differentially private method that preserves people's location privacy and provides acceptable data utility. Rigorous privacy analyses theoretically demonstrate the privacy guarantees inherent in the proposed model. Experiments based on real‐world datasets were conducted using practical evaluation metrics. The results show that our method is able to achieve location privacy preservation efficiently, at an acceptable cost for spatial crowdsourcing applications.
Hollow Mesoporous Co3O4–CeO2 Composite Nanotubes with Open Ends for Efficient Catalytic CO Oxidation
Authors: He Jiaqin , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei
Published: December 2018

Catalytic performance is heavily dependent on how the structures of nanomaterials are designed. Co3O4–CeO2 composite nanotubes with open ends and mesoporous structures were fabricated through a facile and environmentally friendly reaction. The mesoporous Co3O4 nanotubes were synthesized by the calcination of cobalt–aspartic acid (Co–Asp) nanowires and coated with a CeO2 shell. The composite nanotubes were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The composite materials comprise a combination of Co3O4 nanotubes and CeO2 nanoparticles with a hollow and mesoporous bimetallic oxide structure. The large BET surface area led to a higher degree of accessible active sites compared with other Co3O4–CeO2 composite nanomaterials with other structures. The resulting Co3O4–CeO2‐26.3 wt % composite nanotubes, with a CeO2 content of approximately 26.3 wt %, achieved 100 % CO conversion at 145 °C. Additionally, the synergistic effect between the two metal oxides comprising the Co3O4–CeO2 composite nanotubes was demonstrated by the enhanced catalytic activity compared with pure Co3O4 nanotubes and CeO2 nanoparticles.
Highly Porous Hypercrosslinked Polymers Derived from Biobased Molecules
Authors: Björnerbäck Fredrik , Hedin Niklas
Published: December 2018

Highly porous and hyper‐cross‐linked polymers (HCPs) have a range of applications and are typically synthesized in an unsustainable manner. Herein, HCPs were synthesized from abundant biobased or biorelated compounds in sulfolane with iron(III) chloride as Lewis acid catalyst. As reactants, quercetin, tannic acid, phenol, 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene, glucose, and a commercial bark extract were used. The HCPs had high CO2 uptake (up to 3.94 mmol g−1 at 0 °C and 1 bar), total pore volumes (up to 1.86 cm3 g−1), and specific surface areas (up to 1440 m2 g−1). 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, elemental analysis, and SEM revealed, for example, that the HCPs consisted of amorphous and cross‐linked aromatic and phenolic structures with significant contents of aliphatics, oxygen, and sulfur.
Parasympathetic regulation in cognitive and emotional challenge contexts differentially predicts specific aspects of children’s emotional functioning
Authors: Quiñones‐Camacho Laura E. , Davis Elizabeth L.
Published: December 2018

Parasympathetic regulation has been consistently linked with better emotional functioning in childhood, but it is still not clear if parasympathetic regulation serves as a transcontextual marker of adaptive emotional functioning or if this link is context‐specific. This study tested this by examining the specificity of the relation between parasympathetic regulation in distinct types of challenge tasks and different aspects of children’s emotional functioning. Emotional functioning included parent‐reported emotional reactivity, parent‐reported general emotion regulation ability, and child‐reported emotion regulation strategy knowledge. One hundred and forty‐four 4‐ to 9‐year‐olds (M = 6.88 years; SD = 1.80; 52% girls) participated in a cognitive (inhibitory control) and two discrete emotional (disappointing, fear‐eliciting) challenges. Resting and reactive indices of respiratory sinus arrhythmia quantified parasympathetic regulation. Emotional reactivity was predicted by parasympathetic regulation during the cognitive challenge, general emotion regulation was predicted by regulation during the fear‐eliciting task, and emotion regulation strategy knowledge was predicted by regulation during the disappointment task. Results highlight the importance of considering task context in investigations of how parasympathetic regulation relates to children’s functioning.
Recollections of positive early caregiving relate to sympathetic nervous system activation and chronic inflammation in subsequent generations
Authors: Lyons Emma R. , Norman Wells Jessica , Scholtes Carolyn M. , Mintz Brianna , Giuliano Ryan J. , Skowron Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2018

To understand links between early experience and biomarkers of peripheral physiology in adulthood, this study examined associations between quality of early caregiving and markers of sympathetic activation and chronic inflammation in a sample of 52 low‐income mothers and their preschool‐aged children. Mothers reported on levels of positive caregiving experienced during childhood using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior‐Intrex. Mother and child sympathetic activation was indexed via pre‐ejection period (PEP) at rest, during a dyadic social engagement task, and for children, while interacting with an unfamiliar adult. C‐reactive protein (CRP) was collected using whole blood spots to assess levels of low‐grade chronic inflammation. Results showed that mothers who reported experiencing more warm guidance and support for autonomy in early childhood displayed lower resting sympathetic nervous system activation (i.e., longer PEP) and lower chronic inflammation (i.e., CRP levels). Further, lower maternal chronic inflammation levels were associated with lower sympathetic activation (i.e., longer PEP) in their children at rest, and during social interactions with mother and a female stranger.
Bidirectional mitochondrial introgression between Korean cobitid fish mediated by hybridogenetic hybrids
Authors: Kwan Ye‐Seul , Ko Myeong‐Hun , Jeon Yeon‐Seon , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Won Yong‐Jin
Published: December 2018

Genomic introgression through interspecific hybridization has been observed in some species of the freshwater fish family Cobitidae. Within this family, a Cobitis hankugensis–Iksookimia longicorpa diploid–triploid hybrid species complex on the Korean peninsula is unique in displaying hybridogenesis, a unisexual reproduction mode that allows hybrids to mediate the transfer of mitochondrial DNA (but not nuclear DNA) between the two parent species. However, populations of the parental species in the wild have never been examined for the potential effect of introgression on their genomes. To address the genetic consequences of unisexual hybridization on the parental species, we examined genetic structure of the two parental species, C. hankugensis and I. longicorpa, in three independent natural habitats where they coexist with their hybrid complex using DNA sequence data of one mitochondrial gene and three nuclear genes. We found that mitochondrial introgression between the two species was extensive in all the examined localities, while there was no evidence of nuclear introgression across the species boundary. This result indicates that the hybridogenetic individuals mediate mitochondrial introgression from one species to the other, producing mito‐nuclear mosaic genomes such as C. hankugensis nuclear genomes associated with I. longicorpa mitochondrial DNA and the reverse. The direction and degree of introgression varied among the three localities, but the underlying mechanisms for this observation proved elusive. Introgression might depend on which species serves as the predominant sperm or ovum donor or the environmental conditions of the localities. The present study suggests that introgressive hybridization between pure C. hankugensis and I. longicorpa species is highly likely where the two species co‐occur with hybridogenetic individuals, but the consequence of introgression could be variable due to the history and environmental characteristics of particular populations across the parental species’ ranges.
Colored Sparks
Authors: Lederle Felix , Koch Jannis , Hübner Eike G.
Published: December 2018

Usually, the color of a spark formed by an incandescent particle is controlled by its temperature according to gray body radiation. With the help of low boiling metals, gas phase combustion and consequently element‐specific emission can be achieved. Here, we report on a detailed discussion of colored sparks in the context of models given in literature and extend the achievable colors of sparks to blue (tellurium) and bright orange (sodium on silica). To the best of our knowledge, we present the first color‐changing sparks based on appropriately sized erbium powder. These sparks switch their combustion behavior between surface combustion and gas phase combustion, accompanied by a change between orange and green emission. The color of the sparks has been investigated by long‐time exposure and time‐resolved emission spectroscopy. Finally, a formulation for a smokeless sparkling fountain based on red‐orange diamond sparks and color‐changing and branching erbium sparks is presented.
Valorization of Methyl Azelaaldehydate – A Vegetable Oil Based Platform Molecule for the Synthesis of Monomers through Stetter Reaction
Authors: Charvieux Aubin , Duc Vu Nam , Duguet Nicolas , Lemaire Marc
Published: December 2018

The valorization of vegetable oil‐derived methyl azelaaldehydate (methyl 9‐oxo‐nonanoate) to monomers was studied through NHC‐catalysed Stetter reaction. Among the Michael acceptors tested, dimethyl fumarate gave the highest selectivity (97 %) for the corresponding Stetter adduct, thus limiting the competing benzoin condensation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated ent‐Fragransin C1
Authors: Racochote Sasirome , Pohmakotr Manat , Kuhakarn Chutima , Leowanawat Pawaret , Reutrakul Vichai , Soorukram Darunee
Published: December 2018

Asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethylated derivative of ent‐fragransin C1 was reported. The installation of contiguous stereochemistries across the tetrahydrofuran scaffold was achieved through stereocontrolled conjugate addition, aldol reaction, and a protection‐free intramolecular C‐O bond formation (furan ring formation) via chemoselective generation of the benzylic carbocation.
Oxidative addition of (RO)2P(O)H to Pt(0) complexes generating Pt‐H complexes: P(O)‐H bond cleavage vs P(O‐H) bond cleavage
Authors: Chen Tieqiao , Han Li‐Biao
Published: December 2018

(MeO)2P(O)H oxidatively added to Pt(PCy3)2 quickly, at the beginning, generating cis‐Pt‐H[P(O)(OMe)2](PCy3)2 predominately, which gradually isomerized to trans‐Pt‐H[P(O)(OMe)2](PCy3)2. In contrast, a (MeO)2P(OH)‐coordinated Pt complex in situ generated only produced trans‐Pt‐H[P(O)(OMe)2](PCy3)2. These results showed that the P(O)‐H bond perhaps directly adds to Pt(0) complex (P(O)‐H cleavage) forming Pt‐H complexes, rather than by an alternative coordination of (MeO)2P(OH) to Pt(0) followed by an O‐H cleavage path.
Role of palatine tonsillectomy in the diagnostic workup of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Di Maio Pasquale , Iocca Oreste , De Virgilio Armando , Ferreli Fabio , Cristalli Giovanni , Pellini Raul , Golusinski Pawel , Ricci Giampietro , Spriano Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Background

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of palatine tonsillectomy in patients with cervical metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (SCCUP) origin.

Methods

A systematic review including studies that encompassed palatine tonsillectomy in the SSCUP diagnostic evaluation was conducted. A single arm meta‐analysis was then made to obtain the overall identification rate of tonsillectomy.

Results

Fourteen studies were included, comprising 673 patients who underwent 416 palatine tonsillectomies, 338 preformed during examination under anesthesia (EUA) and 78 managed with transoral robotic surgery (TORS). A total of 140 occult tonsillar malignancies were identified; of these, 124 (89%) were ipsilateral, 2 (1%) contralateral, and 14 (10%) synchronous bilateral. Meta‐analysis of 11 studies showed an overall detection rate of tonsillectomy of 0.34 (99% confidence interval 0.23‐0.46).

Conclusion

Palatine tonsillectomy is a valuable diagnostic tool in the management of patients with head and neck SCCUP. Bilaterality of tonsillectomy should be taken into consideration.
Colloid transport and distribution in the hyporheic zone
Authors: Jin Guangqiu , Zhang Zhongtian , Tang Hongwu , Xiaoquan Yang , Li Ling , Barry David Andrew
Published: December 2018

Colloids moving from the stream into the hyporheic zone may have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems as they are potential contaminants or carriers of contaminants. Moreover, retained colloids in the hyporheic zone could not only reduce the exchange flux between the stream and streambed but also change the conditions of the bed, affecting the habitats for aquatic organisms. Previous studies focused on the exchange flux across the sediment–water interface, but the colloid transport processes and distribution of retained colloids in the streambed have received little attention. We conducted experiments within a laboratory flume to examine these processes in a streambed driven by bedform‐induced hyporheic flow. Retained colloids measured in the bed at the end of the experiments revealed colloid retention mainly in the shallow layer of hyporheic zone (0–5 cm below the interface). The results demonstrated significant effects of particle trapping and settling on the colloid transport and distribution in the streambed. Retention leads to the formation of a colloid‐filled shallow layer in the bed. Particle paths based on model simulations showed that colloid settling in pore water modifies the direction of colloid transport and allows the colloid particles to move more deeply in the bed.