bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focus on the Translation Trainee
Authors: Pietrzak Paulina , Kornacki Michał
Published: February 2022

A learner-based approach to translator training has already been recognised and discussed in translator education for the last few years (González-Davies 2004; Kelly 2005; Kiraly 1995, 2000; Massey et al. 2019). With the main focus on learning rather than training and the translator rather than the product or the process of translation, the observed trend in translation studies can be called ‘translator studies’ (Chesterman 2009). The tendency has been for the teacher-centred approach to be gradually replaced by manners of teaching which favour learner autonomy (Gonzalez Davies 2004).

Nonetheless, due to the multiple demands that translator teachers must fulfil, they still happen to be regarded as the main active performers in the educational process. Invaluable as the teacher’s agency is for shaping the educational reality that translation trainees experience, translator education requires ensuring that student-oriented education actually involves freeing teachers and students from their traditional roles, to break out of the routine in which they have been rooted for years. It is worth emphasising that the roles and responsibilities of the translator teacher and student are equally important. The article looks at the translation educational process with the main focus on trainees who are supposed to build their career in the uncertain and indeterminate translation industry of the future.
The Effect of Emotions on Translations Performance
Authors: Kimovska Sonja K. , Cvetkoski Vladimir
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of emotions and some personality traits on translation performance. It builds on Rojo and Ramos’s (2016) findings and is broadly based on their methodology, but introduces some methodological changes. It replicates their experiment with translation students in another language pair (English L2>Macedonian L1) following their three step procedure: resiliency test, translation-bogus feedback-translation, self-reporting questionnaire. Following their recommendations (ibid.), the change in methodology involves using comparatively easier translation tasks. The paper aims to provide answers as to: the effect of positive and negative emotions on overall translation performance; the effect of positive and negative emotions on different aspects of translation performance (accuracy vs. creativity) and the role of the personality trait of resilience in regulating negative emotions.
A clinical case of familial enteropathic acrodermatitis caused by a new genetic mutation in exon 10 of the SLC39A4 gene
Authors: Stadnikova Antonina S. , Tamrazova Olga B. , Zakharova Irina N. , Dmitrieva Yulia A. , Taganov Alexey V. , Yudina Anastasiya E. , Bagramova Gayane E.
Published: February 2022

Enteropathic acrodermatitis is a rare form of genodermatoses, a group of hereditary disorders with prevailing skin lesions. The disease manifestation in children is associated with withdrawal of breastfeeding and switch to the cow milk-based products, which makes it difficult to differentiate enteropathic acrodermatitis from allergic dermatoses. We describe a familial case of enteropathic acrodermatitis in a 4-month old girl with advanced skin lesions and diarrhea. The familial history positive for enteropathic dermatitis made it possible to immediately suspect this diagnosis in the patient and to administer a zinc sulfate-containing agent before the genetic test results have become available. The response to therapy was obtained within a few days. Genetic testing of the patient identified a new mutation in exon 10 of the SLC39A4 gene. Proper collection of the past history and physician's vigilance to zinc-deficient conditions in acral dermatitis combined with alopecia and diarrhea in infants would allow for a timely and proper diagnosis and choice of a subsequent management strategy.
Antitumor efficacy of an isolated hind legperfusion with a pH-increased solution in thePliss’ lymphosarcoma graft rat model
Authors: Bogdanov Alexey A. , Egorenkov Vitaliy V. , Volkov Nikita M. , Moiseenko Fedor V. , Molchanov Maxim S. , Verlov Nikolay A. , Gulina Lidia S. , Moiseyenko Vladimir M.
Published: February 2022

Background: The technique of regional isolated perfusion makes it possible to increase local levels of an anti-tumor agent, to perform the treatment procedure under hypothermia or hyperthermia, to reduce or even eliminate any systemic effect of a cytostatic on the patient. In this context, the use of isolated perfusion to modify the pH milieu of the tumor seems to be a promising strategy that could potentially ensure the anti-tumor effect.
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a rat limb perfusion with 4% NaHCO3 solution in vivo in the Pliss' lymphosarcoma rat graft model.
Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out in Wistar rats with Pliss' lymphosarcoma graft. The isolated limb was perfused with an isotonic sodium chloride solution (the control group) or a 4% sodium bicarbonate solution (the treatment group). The following parameters were assessed: tumor node growth over time, survival rate, hematology analysis at various time points of the experiment, and histological examination of autopsy samples from the tumor.
Results: Median survival in the group perfused with 4% NaHCO3 (N = 6) was 17.2 days, whereas in the non-perfused group (the pathogenesis group) (N = 4) and in the group perfused with isotonic saline (N = 5) they were 13.2 and 13.6 days, respectively. The risk of death in the treatment group was lower compared to that in the control group (Cox regression model, hazard ratio 0.129; 95% confidence interval 0.0280.583; p = 0.0079). There were no significant differences in the tumor growth rate over time in the perfused groups.
Conclusion: A single exposure of the tumor micro-milieu in the model with isolated perfusion of the limb with Pliss' lymphosarcoma graft does not lead to any changes in the tumor growth kinetics, but is associated with a change in the animal survival.
African American Adolescent Mothers’ Childbirth Support From Fathers, Grandmothers, Nurses, Doctors, and Doulas
Authors: Hans Sydney L. , Cox Suzanne M. , Medina Nora Y.
Published: February 2022

The morning after giving birth in a large urban hospital, 121 African American adolescents participating in a community doula program identified the people who had been with them during labor and birth and narrated their birth stories. Besides medical providers, the people most likely to be present for the birth were the infants’ fathers (n = 73, 60%), the mothers’ mothers (n = 70, 58%), and their doulas (n = 100, 83%). Birth stories were coded to identify types of support provided by different people. Mothers’ mothers, infants’ fathers, and doulas were more likely to be mentioned in the stories as providers of emotional and instrumental support than were medical providers. Doulas were more likely to be mentioned as providers of information than were family members or medical providers.
Birth Companions
Authors: Boire Carissa , Lucas Laura
Published: February 2022

The benefits of continuous labor support have been repeatedly discussed in the literature and supported by professional obstetric organizations. At the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, students are offered the unique opportunity to learn how to be a doula. The Birth Companions program provides nursing students the opportunity to develop knowledge and skills to provide continuous labor support to women of Baltimore and surrounding areas. This faculty-led, student-run program also supports student engagement in service learning, and practice regarding leadership skills and interprofessional collaboration as a student nurse.
An Agro-Food Waste Commercial Utilisation Behaviour Lens among Urban Agro-producer Households in a Developing Economy
Authors: Karani Charles , Gido Eric , Bett Hillary
Published: February 2022

Small-urban farm businesses utilise agro-food waste emanating from own production and other levels of food supply chain activities to supplement conventional inputs. Out of these, the food produce surplus from agro-producer households is offloaded to the urban market. As such, the aim of the study was to assess the determinants of agro-food waste commercial utilisation behaviour among urban agro-producer households. An electronically-designed research tool was administered to 456 agro-producer households to collect self-reported estimates of their agro-food waste utilisation behaviour. Results indicated higher budget share towards conventional inputs (0.73) compared to agro-food waste (0.27) but the observed suboptimal production intensification could be rectified with increased use of agro-food waste. Structural equation modelling results indicated that attitude, environmental awareness and concern, motivation and perceived moral obligation had positive significant influence on commercial utilisation intention. The adopted constructs for the model could explain 79.1% of the commercial utilisation behaviour variance. Furthermore, commercial utilisation intention, risk perceptions and perceived behavioural control had significant influence on the commercial utilisation behaviour. Findings are an indicator that agro-food waste commercial utilisation intentions among small-urban farm businesses would likely transition to commercial utilisation behaviour. Since behaviour can be learnt and developed, aspects that contribute to commercial utilisation intentions and behaviour would need to be stimulated. As a strategy of reducing the collectible waste, urban authorities may introduce tailor-made programs meant to stimulate commercial utilisation intention and behaviour in small-urban farm businesses. In valuation of agro-food waste, methodologies that could factor in utility would provide more precise insights in its commercial utilisation.
Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government: Addressing Contemporary Global Challenges
Authors: Gupte Jaideep , Aslam Saba
Published: February 2022

At the start of the last decade, United Cities and Local Governments’ (UCLG) policy paper on Decentralised Cooperation and Local Government laid out a clear rationale for decentralised cooperation and set out recommendations to the prevalent tackle weaknesses of international development cooperation and to strengthen development effectiveness. In many ways, the paper was a forerunner in calling for stronger sustained support for South-South development cooperation particularly among countries that have undergone similar socio-economic challenges so that learnings can be shared across partners. It laid emphasis on professional structures and programme-based approaches, with clear monitoring and evaluation tools and indicators on impact and called for a sharing of objectives across local and regional governments, and their associations, committed to continuing improvement, learning and exchange. These recommendations have helped strengthen international decentralised cooperation over the past decade, and their core principles continue to be highly relevant today. In 2021, the Institute of Development Studies, UK, with support of the UCLG Capacity and Institution Building Working Group (CIB), has engaged a wide range of member governments, associations, and networks, alongside a range of external commentators and experts, to assess UCLG principles, priorities, and actions in the context of contemporary global challenges and the resulting landscape of decentralised development cooperation. Following a series of survey-based, individual, case study, and workshop interactions, the study presents key points and recommendations.
A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors of Length of Exposure, Smoking Habits, Use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), and Exposure to Welding Fumes in Welding Workers with Abnormal Pulmonary Function (A Perspective of Sustainable Public Health)
Authors: Fauziyah Nanda Inas , Azizah R , Rachmawati Lailia Ayu , Aris Ahmad Zaharin , Sumantri Arif , Jauharoh Siti N. A. , Agusdinata Datu Buyung
Published: February 2022

Introduction: About 11 million workers are welders worldwide, and more than 110 million workers are exposed to welding-related jobs. As many as 75.6% of welding workers in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, suffer from abnormal pulmonary function due to exposure to welding fumes. This study analyzed some risk factors and their sensitivity of abnormal pulmonary function in welding workers. Methods: This study is a meta-analysis article. Data sources were obtained from articles published online on Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Springerfrom 2010 to 2020. A total of 15 articles were selected for meta-analysis using JASP version 0.9.2 software. Results and Discussion: Results showed pooled prevalence ratio (PR) values of long-exposure variables of 1.954 (95% CI = 0.31– 1.03), smoking habits of 2.159 (95% CI = 0.33–1.22), USE of PPE 1.491 (95% CI = -0.50–1.30) and exposure to welding fumes 2.271 (95% CI = 0.52–1.12) in welding workers with abnormal pulmonary function. Conclusion: Exposure to welding fumes and smoking habits are the highest risk factors causing abnormal pulmonary function in welding workers. For workers, it is expected to reduce or stop smoking and always use PPE at work. For industry, control efforts are required by rotating work, conducting periodic worker medical examinations, providing exhaust with blowers in the workspace, and reinforcing the use of PPE at work.
Urinary Cadmium Level Causing Impaired Kidney Function in Farmers in Gintungan Village, Bandungan District
Authors: Yunita Dewi Poppi Nastasia , Nurjazuli Nurjazuli , Budiyono Budiyono
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Farmers apply pesticides to control pests on vegetable farming in Semarang regency. One of the active ingredients of pesticides is cadmium (Cd), and exposure to cadmium in humans can interfere with kidney function. High exposure to Cd may cause the effects of chronic kidney failure. If there are a lot of free Cd ions in the body, the ability of the kidneys to produce metallothionein will be reduced. Thus, it may damage the kidney tubules as it results in high levels of urinary Cd which can be toxic. This study aimed to analyze an association between the levels of urinary Cd and impaired kidney function in farmers. Methods: This study was analytic observational and used design a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study was all farmers as many as 406 people in Gintungan village, Bandungan district, Semarang regency. There were 60 people selected as samples through purposive sampling. Results and Discussion: The level of urinary Cd in farmers on average was 0.958 µg/L with a standard deviation of 0.570 µg/L. The highest level of Cd was 5.390 µg/L and the lowest was < 0.100 µg/L. The results of the statistical chi-square test showed there was an association between levels of urinary Cd and impaired kidney function (p = 0.041). Conclusion: Impaired kidney function in farmers in Gintungan might be caused by the level of urinary Cd. Further research should measure creatinine in the blood to ensure a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys of the farmers.
The Differences in Blood Lead Levels in Women with Gestational Hypertension or Pre-Eclampsia and Women with Normal Pregnancy (A Study in the North Coast of Java, Brebes District)
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Kartini Apoina , Budiyono Budiyono , Darundiati Yusniar Hanani
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Gestational Hypertension (GH) and Pre-eclampsia (PE) are the leading causes of maternal death. Exposure to lead from the environment, especially agricultural activities, may cause pregnant women to suffer from GH and PE. GH/ PE may occur through oxidative stress mechanisms and progressive endothelial damage. Brebes District is one of the areas with the highest Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Central Java where the occurrence of GH/PE was a lot. This study aimed to analyze the differences in Blood Lead Levels (BLL) in pregnant women with GH/PE and normal pregnant women in Brebes District. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. By selecting and applying inclusion criteria, 18 subjects were selected for the GH/PE group (case group), and 46 subjects were selected for the normotension group (control group). Measurement of BLL was carried out using the Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Some of the statistical methods used were independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression test, and Rank-Spearman correlation test. The risk estimate was calculated from the Odds-Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results and Discussion: The median value and range of the BLL in the case and control groups were 40.20 g/dL (15.50-89.20) and 32.75 g/dL (3.60-42.80), respectively (p = 0.011). Pregnant women with the BLL of ≥ 35.15 g/dL had eight times the risk of experiencing GH/PE (Adj-OR = 8.1; 95% CI = 1.7-39.0). Exposure to lead will increase the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in addition to increasing the blood pressure. Conclusion: The BLL in pregnant women with GH/PE is higher than women with normal pregnancy, and the BLL in the high category is a risk factor for GH/PE.
Efektifitas Pengelolaan Zakat, Infaq dan Shodaqoh oleh Kantor Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Mahrini Mahrini , Syafari Muhammad Riduansyah , Anisah Hastin Umi
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektifitas pengelolaan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh oleh kantor Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriftif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data diambil melalui penarikan sampel secara purposive sampling dengan menggunakan uji kredibilitas data yaitu perpanjangan pengamatan, meningkatkan ketekunan dan menggunakan bahan referensi. Hasil penelitian yaitu kejelasan tujuan mereka dalam pengelolaan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh oleh kantor Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara sudah tercantum dalam Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 tahun 2011 tentang pengelolaan zakat. Filosofi dan sistem nilai tentang mengapa organisasi ini dibentuk, dasar pemikiran dan apa yang ingin dicapai dalam pengelolaan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh ini yaitu ingin membantu penanggulangan kemiskinan. Komposisi dan struktur organisasi dari pengelolaan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh ini sudah diatur dalam tugas pokok dan fungsi dari masing-masing bagian yang berwenang. Teknologi organisasi sudah digunakan dalam kegiatan pengeolaan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh, salah satunya penggunaan media sosial facebook yang diperuntukkan sebagai sarana publikasi kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh kantor Badan Amil Zakat Nasional. Lingkungan organisasi, masih kurang mendukung dikarenakan bangunan yang dipergunakan sekarang merupakan pinjaman dari Pemerintah Daerah setempat dengan kondisi bangunan yang cukup tua dan kecil, serta berada diperempatan jalan yang cukup padat dan tidak memiliki area parkir. Saran kepada pihak Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara diupayakan untuk terus meningkatkan sumber daya manusia yang handal untuk memajukan sistem pengelolaan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh. Memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang fungsi Badan Amil Zakat Nasional dan cara kerjanya. Serta berusaha untuk meningkatkan partisifasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan zakat, infaq dan shodaqoh pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional. Kepada Masyarakat, dihimbau supaya ikut serta dalam kelancaran program dengan cara ikut menyalurkan zakatnya kepada badan Amil ini.
RESPONSIVITAS PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PROGRAM BANTUAN STIMULAN PERUMAHAN SWADAYA (BSPS) DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Azkar Nurul
Published: February 2022

Kebutuhan masyarakat miskin untuk tinggal di rumah layak huni sebenarnya bisa diwujudkan apabila pemerintah daerah memberikan respons yang seimbang terhadap program Bantuan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya (BSPS) yang digagas pemerintah pusat. Hal ini dapat difahami karena urusan perumahan merupakan salah satu urusan konkuren, yakni urusan yang dibagi antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah daerah provinsi dan pemerintah daerah kabupaten/ kota. Akan tetapi, sampai berakhirnya masa pelaksanaan Rencana Strategis Kementerian PUPR 2015-2019, pelaksanaan program BSPS di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan berada di bawah target nasional. Masalah ini disebabkan rendahnya responsivitas Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dan beberapa Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota dalam pelaksanaan program BSPS di daerah masing.
Complicated Mandible Fracture Treatment With Xenogenic Bone Graft: A Case Report
Authors: Diachkova Ekaterina , Popova Sofia , Arazashvili Liana , Petruk Pavel , Cherkesov Igor'
Published: February 2022

The problem of filling the bone cavity remains relevant in maxillofacial and oral surgery. There is a large selection of osteotropic materials of various natures for filling of bone defects of different etiology. The aim of our research was to improve the result of surgical treatment in a patient with a complicated mandibular fracture with the use of collagenic xenograft during osteosynthesis. In this article, we introduce our experience in the treatment of a patient with a complicated mandibular angle fracture in a combination with the follicular cyst. The obligate steps of treatment included stabilization of the bony fragments, a decrease of risk in fracture line malposition along with titan mini- plates, and shortening in the time of bone regeneration due to a filling of bone defect with the osteotropic material. This approach allowed us to reduce the rehabilitation period and further prosthetic treatment after 4-5 months without additional bone grafting manipulations. Though, the use of collagen osteotropic material, possessing osteoconductive properties, can improve the treatment of patients with mandibular fractures.
How the Big Bang End Up Inside a Black Hole
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: February 2022

The standard model of cosmology assumes that our Universe began 14 Gyrs (billion years) ago with a hot Big Bang expansion out of nothing. It can explain a vast range of different astrophysical data from a handful of free cosmological parameters. However successful this model is, we have no direct evidence or fundamental understanding of some key assumptions: low entropy start, Inflation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Here we present a simpler and more physical explanation for the same observations that do not require such assumptions or new laws of Physics. It is based on the evidence that we live inside a Black Hole (BH) of mass $ M \simeq 5 \times 10^{22} M_{\odot}$, which we observed as cosmic acceleration. How did the Big Bang end up inside such a BH? We propose that 25 Gyrs ago, a very low density dust cloud collapsed and form such BH. As there was no pressure support, the collapse continued inside until it reached neutron energy densities (GeV). Causal regions of solar mass size rebound by neutron degeneracy, like a supernovae, producing the Big Bang expansion and compact dark matter remnants. During collapse, perturbations exit the horizon to re-enter during expansion, given rise to the observed universe. We review the evidence for such BH Universe.
AccessChain: An Access Control Framework to Protect Data Access in Blockchain Enabled Supply Chain
Authors: Sarfaraz Aaliya , Chakrabortty Ripon , Essam Daryl
Published: February 2022

In recent years supply chains have evolved into huge ecosystems, demanding trust, provenance, and data privacy. Since blockchain technology (BCT) allows for the development of a distributed environment, it is ideal for supply chain management (SCM) applications. However, concerns regarding data privacy have impeded the development of blockchains. Despite the fact that some blockchains can restrict participants to read and write data, the blockchain’s transparency makes protecting sensitive data challenging. To solve the data privacy challenge, this paper proposes a framework, AccessChain, that is an SCM access control framework based on an attribute-based access control (ABAC) model that restricts access to competing parties while allowing for network scalability. This proposed AccessChain model has two types of ledgers in the system: local and global. Local ledgers are used to store business contracts between stakeholders and the ABAC model management, whereas the global ledger is used to record transaction data. AccessChain can enable decentralized, fine-grained and dynamic access control management in SCM when combined with the ABAC model and BCT. This paper’s experimental results illustrate that high throughput can be achieved in a large-scale request environment while maintaining data privacy and sustaining a scalable network.
Auxetic Structures from Rotating Squares
Authors: Plewa Julian , Płońska Małgorzata , Lis Paweł
Published: February 2022

The article deals with auxetic structures made on the basis of suitably connected rigid rotating squares (from Grima and Evans), with axes of rotation on the squares’ surface. The geometric model and the resulting relationships that allow for the determination of Poisson’s ratio are considered in detail. It is demonstrated that changing the rotation axis position does not affect the negative Poisson’s ratio, equal to -1. The models built confirm the initial considerations and can offer new application possibilities.
Chemical Spill Encircling using a Quadrotor and Autonomous Surface Vehicles: a Distributed Cooperative Approach
Authors: Jacinto Marcelo , Pascoal Antonio , Cunha Rita
Published: February 2022

This article addresses the problem of formation control of a quadrotor and one (or more) marine vehicles operating at the surface of the water with the end goal of encircling the boundary of a chemical spill, enabling such vehicles to carry and release chemical dispersants used during ocean cleanup missions to break-up oil molecules. Firstly, the mathematical models of the Medusa class of marine robots and quadrotor aircrafts are introduced, followed by the design of single vehicle motion controllers that allow these vehicles to follow a parameterized path individually using Lyapunov based techniques. At a second stage, a distributed controller using event triggered communications is introduced, enabling the vehicles to perform cooperative path following missions according to a pre-defined geometric formation. In the next step, a real time path planning algorithm is developed that makes use of a camera sensor, installed on-board the quadrotor. This sensor enables the detection in the image of which pixels encode parts of a chemical spill boundary and use them to generate and update in real time a set of smooth B-spline based paths for all the vehicles to follow cooperatively. The performance of the complete system is evaluated by resorting to 3-D simulation software, making it possible to simulate visually a chemical spill. Results from real water trials are also provided for parts of the system, where two Medusa vehicles are required to perform a static lawn-mowing path following mission cooperatively at the surface of the water.
A Review on the Enhancement of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of MCrAlY Coatings Reinforced by Dispersed Micro- and Nano-Particles
Authors: Zakeri Ali , Bahmani Elnaz , Ramazani Ali
Published: February 2022

The application of metal-matrix composite coatings for protecting and improving the service life of sliding components has demonstrated to have the potentials of meeting the requirements of a diverse range of engineering industries. Recently, a significant body of research has been devoted to study the mechanical and tribological performance of dispersion-strengthened MCrAlY coatings. These coatings belong to a class of emerging wear-resistant materials, offering improved properties and being considered as promising candidates for the protection of engineering structural materials exposed to tribological damage, especially at elevated temperature regimes. This paper attempts to comprehensively review the different reinforcements used in the processing of MCrAlY-based alloys and how they influence the mechanical and tribological properties of the corresponding coatings. Further, the major fabrication techniques together with their benefits and challenges are also reviewed. Discussion on the failure mechanisms of these coatings as well as the main determining factors are also included. In addition, a comprehensive survey of studies and investigations in recent times are summarized and elaborated to further substantiate the review.
Leadership styles and culture of innovation in hotels in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area (Colombia)
Authors: CORZO ARÉVALO DANIEL HERNANDO , GARCÍA MENDEZ SEBASTIÁN , CONTRERAS RICARDO , PATIÑO MARGARETH
Published: February 2022

The objective of the article is to show the correlation between leadership and culture of innovation in hotels affiliated and not affiliated with the Colombian Hotel and Tourism Association - COTELCO. For the fulfillment of the objective, a methodology with a correlational quantitative approach was used, implementing two instruments in a sample of fifty hotels from the four municipalities that make up the Metropolitan area of Bucaramanga. The first instrument analyzed the leadership variable through the measurement of the leadership of Blake and Monton, the second, measured the culture of innovation from the questionnaire proposed by the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of Colombia. It was concluded that In the leadership variable, they allow observing a higher trend in the people dimension and the innovation culture a trend towards two dimensions: people and strategy.
Key Words: hotels, leadership, culture, innovation, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Stunting and Its Associated Factors Among Children Age 6-59 Months at Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019; a Community Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Getu Bisrat Dessie , Atalell Kendalem Asmare , Kassie Destaye Guadie , Azanaw Kefyalew Amogne , Tibebu Nigusie Selomon
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Globally in U5 year children, greater than half of all deaths are attributable to under-nutrition. Stunting is one of the major under-nutrition problems in children, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and its associated factors among children age 6-59 months at Debre tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among children age 6-59 months at Debre Tabor town, from February to March 2019. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from WHO stepwise surveillance (WHO STEPS). A systematic random sampling technique was used to engage 620 parent-child pairs. Data was entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Height for age Z score was computed using WHO Anthro plus software. Both the bivariable and a multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at p-value <0.05 was used to determine the statistically significant association between factors and the outcome variable.Result: The prevalence of stunting in this study was 46% (95% CI: 41.9%-50.3%). Age of the child [AOR=1.98, 95%CI: (1.08, 3.67)], occupation of the mother [AOR=2.13, 95% CI: (1.16, 3.92)], educational status of the father [AOR=2.88, 95% CI: (1.45, 5.70)] and occupation of the father [AOR=5.05, 95% CI: (2.46, 10.36)] were variables significantly associated with stunting.Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting was found to be high among children age 6-59 months in the study area as compared to the national average. The age of the child, occupation of the mother, the educational status of the father, and occupation of the father were factors associated with stunting? Therefore, attention should be targeted to improve the occupational and educational status of the parents.
Effect of Remifentanil on Narcotrend and Bispectral Index：Comparation with Propofol
Authors: Huang Xirui , Hu Yaqi , Li Zhitao , Liu Chenshu , Chen Rongfa , Sun Lingbin , Luo Tao
Published: February 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Study Protocol for a Randomised, Patient- and Observer-Blinded Evaluation of P6 Acustimulation for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in the Postoperative Period in Patients Receiving Routine Pharmacological Prophylaxis (P6NV-Trial)
Authors: Weber Benedict , Knoth Selena , Kranke Peter , Eberhart Leopold
Published: February 2022

Background: The efficacy of Pericardium 6 (P6) acupoint stimulation to reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been proven in several randomised controlled clinical trials. However, little is known about the effectiveness in daily practise and its use in combination with traditional pharmacologic approaches. Methods: Primary objective of the P6NV study is to determine whether intraoperative acustimulation (acupuncture or acupressure) at the point P6 provides additional benefit when applied along with customary prophylactic intravenous antiemetics administered according to local standard operating procedures (SOP). Primary endpoint is the incidence and severity of PONV within the first 24 hours postoperatively reported with a validated postoperative nausea and vomiting intensity scale. The patient-reported outcome of perioperative quality of life (using the PPP33-questionnaire) and the detection of antiemetic-related side-effects as well as severity of PONV (via a standardised questionnaire) are secondary study objectives. P6NV is a national, multicentre, randomised, prospective, patient- and examiner-blinded interventional study and will be performed in 3500 adult patients with ASA-classification I-III undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia and hospitalised for at least 24 hours. Participating anaesthesiologists commit themselves to administer customised conventional antiemetic prophylaxis according to local SOP by signing a statement before randomisation. The intervention group receives bilateral acupuncture or acupressure at P6. The control group receives no intervention. Before extubation, acustimulation is removed. Discussion: Since P6-acustimulation is performed by a wide range of anaesthesiologists receiving written and verbal information on acustimulation beforehand, this trial will provide information on the effectiveness of an ad-hoc implementation of P6-stimulation techniques anaesthesia departments using traditional pharmacologic PONV-prophylaxis. Trial registration: The trial was registered at DRKS on August 15th, 2018. Identifier: DRKS00015272. URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID= DRKS00015272
Birth weight is associated with obesity and T2DM in adulthood among Chinese women
Authors: Song Pu , Cao Hui , Yang Manqing , Lai Peng , Ye Yan , Liu Ying , Liu Xuekui
Published: February 2022

Background: Previous studies have indicated an association between birth weight (BW) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but few studies have explored this relationship under different conditions of obesity in adulthood. Methods: A total of 4,005 individuals from ten provinces of China were randomly selected to participate in this study. We used a questionnaire to collect age, BW, current weight, height, T2DM history, age at T2DM diagnosis, and other variables. The participants were divided into three groups were according to BW trisection (BW≤2500 g for the lower BW group, 2500 g <BW ≤3500 g for the normal BW group, and BW＞3500 g for the higher BW group). The cutoff of overweight and obesity were 25 kg/m2 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. Results: The prevalence rates of T2DM among women with lower BW, normal BW and higher BW were 5.2%, 3.6% and 2.0%, respectively. The obesity prevalence rates in the lower BW, normal BW and higher BW groups were 8.1%, 6.7% and 9.0%, respectively. In the obese population, we did not find a relationship between BW and T2DM, but in the nonobese population, we found that with increasing BW, the risk of developing T2DM was reduced. Obese status in adulthood modified the association between BW and the risk of T2DM. Conclusion: There is a “U” shape association between BW and risk of adulthood obesity in Chinese women, but this trend is not existed between BW and risk of developing T2DM. In non-overweight females, the risk of developing T2DM decreased with increasing BW, but this trend was not observed in overweight females.
Subtype-Specific Associations Between leukocyte mtDNA Copy Number and the Survival of Early-Sage Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Wenzhe , Lin Songping , Zeng Bangwei , Chen Xiaobin , Chen Lili , Chen Minyan , Guo Wenhui , Lin Yuxiang , Yu Liuwen , Hou Jialin , Li Yan , Li Shengmei , Jin Xuan , Cai Weifeng , Zhang Kun , Nie Qian , Chen Hanxi , Li Jing , He Peng , Cai Qindong , Qiu Yibin , Wang Chuan , Fu Fangmeng
Published: February 2022

Background: Compelling evidence has indicated a significant association between leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and prognosis of several malignancies in a cancer-specific manner. However, whether leukocyte mtDNAcn can predict the clinical outcome of breast cancer (BC) patients has not been well investigated.Methods: The mtDNA copy number of peripheral blood leukocytes from 661 BC patients was measured using a Multiplex AccuCopy™Kit based on a multiplex fluorescence competitive PCR principle. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied to investigate the association of mtDNAcn with invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), breast cancer special survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS) of patients. The possible mtDNAcn-environment interactions were also evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard regression models.Results: Breast cancer (BC) patients with higher leukocyte mtDNA-CN exhibited a significantly worse iDFS than those with lower leukocyte mtDNAcn (5-year iDFS: fully-adjusted model: HR=1.433[95%CI 1.038-1.978], P=0.028). Interaction analyses showed that mtDNAcn was significantly associated with hormone receptor status (adjusted p for interaction: 5-year BCSS: 0.028, 5-year OS: 0.022), so that further analysis was mainly in the HR subgroup. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that mtDNAcn was an independent prognostic factor for both BCSS and OS in HR-positive patients (HR+: 5-year BCSS: adjusted HR (aHR) = 2.340[95% CI 1.163-4.708], P=0.017 and 5-year OS: aHR = 2.446 [95% CI 1.218-4.913], P=0.011).Conclusions: For the first time, our study demonstrated that leukocyte mtDNA copy number might influence the outcome of early-stage breast cancer patients depending on intrinsic tumor subtypes in Chinese women.
Long-term Follow-up Outcomes and Prognosis Predictors of Non-Ischemic Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort study
Authors: Hosseini Saeid , Nazari Zeinab , Rafati Ali , Pasebani Yeganeh , Naderi Nasim , Amin Ahmad , Ghavidel Alireza Alizadeh , Yadollahi Mona , Peighambari Mohammad Mehdi , Taghavi Sepideh
Published: February 2022

Purpose:Non-ischemic Functional Mitral Regurgitation (FMR) is accompanied by dire long-term consequences. The treatment revolves around correcting the underlying LV dysfunction. This study reports long-term follow-up outcomes and prognosis predictors of non-ischemic FMR.Methods:We enrolled 200 patients with at-least-moderate non-ischemic FMR, undergoing medical treatment and/or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) between 2003 and 2019. MR severity and LV dysfunction parameters were obtained. The endpoint outcomes were all-cause mortality, stroke, all-cause rehospitalization, and the need for heart transplantation.Results:Two hundred participants, 104 (52%) men and 96 (48%) women with the median age of 61 years (IQR 50-70) at diagnosis and the median follow-up of 2 years (IQR 1-4), were enrolled. The all-cause mortality, all-cause rehospitalization, and need for heart transplantation were significantly associated with lower LVEF and TAPSE at diagnosis (P-value<0.05). Furthermore, baseline MR severity was significantly associated with the incidence of stroke (P-value =0.026) and the all-cause rehospitalization (P-value<0.001).The MR severity, NYHA classification, LVEDD, and TAPSE improved at the follow-up (P-value<0.001). ACEi/ARB (P-value =0.008), Nitrate (P-value =0.001), and Hydralazine (P-value =0.006) were associated with MR severity improvement. CRT (HR=0.22, P-value=0.008) and Hydralazine (HR=0.25, P-value=0.038) were the independent negative predictors of all-cause mortality. Ultimately, a significant difference was observed between survival free of all causes according to the LVEF (P-value=0.041).Conclusion: We detected a significant decline in MR severity and NYHA classification during follow-up. Overall, the FMR-associated mortality risk will be significantly reduced by closely sticking to the treatment guidelines in a tertiary heart center.
Penalty Feet Positioning Rule Modification and Laterality Effect on Soccer Goalkeepers’ Diving Kinematics
Authors: Monteiro Rafael Luiz Martins , Bedo Bruno Luiz Souza , Monteiro Pedro Henrique Martins , de Andrade Felipe dos Santos Pinto , Moura Felipe Arruda , Cunha Sergio Augusto , Torres Ricardo da Silva , Santiago Paulo Roberto Pereira
Published: February 2022

In 2019, a new rule was applied in soccer. It allows the goalkeeper to have only one foot or part of it on the goal line when the kicker hits the ball, unlike the previous rule that the goalkeeper should have both feet on the line. The purpose of the present study was to analyze how the change in the rule and the lower limbs laterality influences the dive performance. Six specialized goalkeepers participated in the research. They performed a total of 20 dives in the laboratory and had their force and impulse manifested by the lower limb and displacement/velocity data from the center of body mass collected through kinematic analysis.The side preference was collected through an inventory. The results showed that goalkeepers dive further (p < 0.001) and faster (p < 0.001) with the change of the rule. The lateral preference influenced only the mediolateral (p = 0.02) and resultant (p = 0.03) displacements, the highest values were found for the non-dominant lower limb side. Concluding, the goalkeepers performed better with the new rule in the analyzed variables and the lower limb preference has influenced only the mediolateraland resultant displacement.
Identification Of Taxa and Functional Pathway Information Of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Microbiome And High Throughput Simulation Studies With Mycobacteriophage
Authors: Verma Divya , Bagchi Preenon , IA Shylesh Murthy
Published: February 2022

Tuberculosis caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine and brain. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lungs microbiome can be studied by metamorphic mechanization specifically metatransriptomics sequencing. These sequencing allow us to investigate the DNA content, RNA content, bacterial taxa and functional pathways. Further by taking antibiotic resistant protein from bacteria, we establish that bacteriophage lysine B D29(PDB-3HC7)can lyse mycolylarabinogalactan bonds and releases free mycolic acid. It do not show action on peptidoglycan bond. Based on information a full surface docking was performed. To verify assignment, a molecular dynamics simulations was performed to assess the stability of the docked substrates. MD simulation suggested hydrolytic activity of amino acids residues on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Docking and simulation of bacteriophage D29 lysin B gene protein 12 with multiple antibiotic resistant proteins which takes part in transcription process in bacteria. Here, mycobacteriophage D29 showed a potent inhibition on action of antibiotic resistant protein during transcription process. This action resulted by modification or deactivation of amino acid residues.
The End of Myopia
Authors: Neitz Maureen , Wagner-Schuman Melissa , Rowlan Jessica , Kuchenbecker James , Neitz Jay
Published: February 2022

Several haplotypes of the cone opsin genes, OPN1LW and OPN1MW, cause exon 3-skipping during pre-messenger RNA splicing and are associated with high-myopia (nearsightedness). Cone photoreceptors expressing these haplotypes have substantially less photopigment than cones in the same retina expressing non-exon-skipping haplotypes. Thus, we hypothesized that abnormal contrast signals arising from adjacent cones with different amounts of photopigment stimulate axial elongation of the eye, causing myopia. If so, opsin gene haplotypes exhibiting milder exon-skipping might be associated with common juvenile-onset myopia, and it may be possible to use contrast-reducing spectacles to slow myopia progression. We present experimental evidence that opsin gene haplotypes are major risk factors for juvenile-onset myopia rivaling all other known polymorphisms combined. Moreover, contrast-reducing lenses significantly slowed axial elongation of eyes of myopic children, thereby slowing the progression of myopia. Combined, contrast-reducing spectacles and early intervention through genetic identification of myopia-susceptible children illuminate a pathway to end myopia.
Revealing Correlations Between Size Polydispersity and Deformability of Idealized Granular Materials using DEM
Authors: He Jizhong , Han Yuzhen , Zhang Lei , Deng Gang
Published: February 2022

This paper numerically investigates the deformability of granular materials with emphasis on the influence of particle size polydispersity. Triaxial compression tests are simulated using distinct element method (DEM) on a set of samples consisting of uncrushable spheres following a variety of grain size distributions. The compressibility under isotropic compression and deformation modulus during triaxial shearing are examined to correlate with the size polydispersity. The results show that, given the same relative density, the compressibility and deformation modulus is insensitive to the grain-size conditions under consideration, but the void ratio is significantly influenced by the size polydispersity. A grading index proposed by the authors is employed to quantify the size polydispersity and correlate with the deformation parameters. Compared with the more conventional coefficient of uniformity, this grading index exhibits a better performance for faithfully representing size polydispersity. An empirical prediction model for the deformation modulus is developed to account for the effect of the size polydispersity, in addition to the confining pressure and void ratio. Although this model exhibits a fair performance for predicting the deformation modulus, it is considered promising in accounting for the effect of size polydispersity. At the microscale, a unique correlation is found between the deformation modulus and the mechanical average coordination number, which can be estimated from the effective void ratio.