bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis for the Control of Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Terlemezyan Hrant , Harutyunyan Harutyun , Sargsyan Sona , Karapetyan Gabriel , Mkrtchyan Habetnak , Zarikian Noushig , Sargsyan Masis
Published: November 2024

Backround: The strains of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria (Bt-type) are utilized for controlling the brown-tail moth pest, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Linnaeus, 1758), in apple orchards in Armenia from 2020 to 2022. Methods: The study focused on the brown-tail moth larvae in all developmental stages (I-VII) on the Renet Simirenko apple variety. Culture fluids, based on crystal-forming insecticidal strains BtEM-54 and BtEM-82 were employed. Result: Research has demonstrated that local BtEM-54 and BtEM-82 culture fluids exhibit significant biological efficiency against brown-tail moth larvae across various stages (I-II, III-IV, and V-VII) in both laboratory settings and apple orchards. Furthermore, no statistical differences were observed when comparing the biological efficiency factors of these scientific experiments with the standard lepidocide.
Presentación
Authors: Aparicio Herguedas José Luis
Published: November 2024

La revista Cuadernos de Investigación Educativa presenta en esta ocasión el dossier “Nuevas perspectivas de liderazgo educativo en tiempos inciertos”, en el que se recoge un selecto número de artículos que ofrecen una especial visión del liderazgo educativo en los contextos de Brasil, Chile, España y Uruguay. La finalidad de este dossier es sondear los estudios de investigación que ponen el foco en el liderazgo educativo desarrollado en contextos formales y no formales del ámbito iberoamericano en la actualidad.
The Nature of the Right to Personal Data: A Civil Law Perspective
Authors: Shvets L. V.
Published: November 2024

In today’s context of growing volumes of personal data and the increasing number of legally significant actions that can be conducted with access to such data, the importance of legal protection for personal data has become more pronounced. This paper aims to examine the nature of the right to personal data. Based on an analysis of Russian legislation, the Author concludes that there exists an unnamed, independent subjective right, which serves to enable the data subject to control and define the conditions for data processing, as well as to protect personal data from unauthorized use. The study critically evaluates the current scientific debate regarding the nature of this right. Three primary approaches in the academic discourse on the autonomy of this right are identified, tentatively categorized as the “ignoring”, “denying”, and “recognizing” approaches. The Author notes the lack of a uniform scientific approach to naming this right and suggests designating it as “the right to the inviolability of personal data”. This right is characterized as an independent, subjective, personal non-property, and absolute civil right. The paper further explores the conditions under which this right arises and terminates. Specifically, it originates at the birth of an individual and terminates when the purpose of personal data processing ceases, typically upon the death of the individual whose data was processed. The need for legal succession is justified to allow heirs to ensure the inviolability of the testator’s personal data if its processing continues posthumously. In distinguishing between the right to the inviolability of personal data and the right to privacy, the Author argues that these are distinct subjective rights. They are interconnected only in theoretical frameworks that enable the use of protective measures for one right when the other is infringed. A trend in judicial practice has been identified, where courts recognize the existence of a right to personal data. Although not explicitly named, this right is nonetheless afforded legal protection.
Criminal-Legal Aspect of the Korean Problem of Unification of North and South
Authors: Sabitov T. R. , Gilev A. A.
Published: November 2024

This article explores the potential for reunification between South and North Korea. Beyond examining statements made by leaders of these countries, it analyzes the content and focus of the criminal laws of the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, particularly regarding the preservation of political systems and inter-ethnic relations, along with changes over time. Criminal laws protect the relationships essential to societal function, which can indicate either concern or a lack of interest from the leadership of the Korean Peninsula’s two states regarding reunification. The study aims to assess the prospects for Korean unification based on an analysis of the criminal legislation of both countries on the peninsula. Judicial practices that enhance the understanding derived from studying current legislation are also considered. In South Korea, despite its economic successes, the country faces significant challenges in maintaining a Korean population base and limiting immigration. Additionally, the Republic of Korea prioritizes safeguarding its liberal democratic system from North Korean communist ideology. These concerns are reflected in criminal law norms that comprehensively and stringently address these issues, symbolizing a barrier to North Korean ideological influence. In North Korea, concern for Korean reunification exists, albeit in a different form. According to the criminal laws of the DPRK, the leadership emphasizes maintaining weak diplomatic relations with other countries, reinforcing the Korean people's struggle for reunification, and protecting the Korean nation overall. However, the repressive methods employed by the DPRK to implement criminal norms ultimately hinder North Korea’s chances of reunification with the South. The Authors assess the prospects for political unification of the two Korean states as unlikely, though they express hope for greater interaction between the Korean people.
Enhancing Vulnerability Management with Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: TOD-RĂILEANU Gabriela , DINCĂ Ana-Maria , AXINTE Sabina-Daniela , BACIVAROV Ioan C.
Published: November 2024

The rising number of vulnerabilities, highlights the growing cybersecurity challenges and the need for robust vulnerability management. This paper examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing vulnerability detection and management, focusing on scalable and accurate solutions to address large-scale codebase analysis. AI-driven techniques bridge traditional static analysis and advanced detection, uncovering hidden vulnerabilities and improving efficiency. Future research should optimize these tools for diverse languages, Secure Software Development Life Cycle workflows, and predictive threat analysis. These advancements highlight AI's potential to strengthen software security in an increasingly complex threat landscape.
Plantations forestières en Afrique tropicale sèche. Techniques et espèces à utiliser : introduction
Authors: Delwaulle J.C.
Published: November 2024

Si le recours systématique à la plantation ne doit pas être pratiqué dans les zones sèches, il est cependant parfois pleinement justifié. Dans ce cas, cela doit être réalisé avec toutes les chances de succès.Nous publions dans ce numéro, le premier d'une série d'articles résumant les connaissances et l'expérience de l'auteur, ainsi que les résultats qu'il a obtenus dans de nombreux cas. Tous les aspects de la plantation sont abordés en détail, du choix des semences à l'utilisation des arbres cultivés.Dans l'introduction qui suit, les sources des données sont indiquées, le contexte géographique et climatique est défini et quelques points relatifs à la méthodologie de la recherche sylvicole sont précisés.
Linguística formal e ensino de temas gramaticais controversos
Authors: Ferreira Elisabete , Vicente Helena Guerra
Published: November 2024

Neste trabalho, refletimos sobre a relação entre linguística formal e ensino de gramática na Educação Básica, a fim de discutir como o estudo científico da língua pode contribuir para a renovação do ensino de determinados fenômenos gramaticais nesse nível da educação escolar, especialmente aqueles cuja análise permanece controversa mesmo em pesquisas linguísticas recentes. Nosso olhar recai sobre um tópico específico: os diferentes usos de adjetivos, notadamente o uso predicativo desses atributos, como séria em Maria fez o trabalho séria, e o seu suposto uso adverbial (atributo sem –mente), como rápido em Ana andou rápido. Nosso interesse na relação entre esse tema e o ensino decorre de algumas razões: (i) alguns estudantes têm apresentado dificuldade em distinguir entre esses dois usos; (ii) frases em que o adjetivo está na forma correspondente à do masculino singular podem apresentar ambiguidade entre uma leitura predicativa e uma leitura adverbial do atributo, como ocorre em Ele trabalhou sério, e os alunos têm de entender o fenômeno da ambiguidade e compreender que diferentes interpretações devem ser associadas a estruturas sintáticas diferentes (Franchi; Negrão; Müller, 2006); (iii) embora ainda não haja consenso, nas pesquisas linguísticas, acerca da análise adequada de sentenças com o atributo sem –mente (Lobato, 2008; Foltran, 2010), esse conteúdo já é abordado em gramáticas, bem como em provas de certames públicos, e isso revela que se espera do egresso de Ensino Médio certa familiaridade com o assunto. Para tratar da interação entre linguística e ensino, embasamos nossas observações nos trabalhos de Lobato (2015, 2018), Guerra-Vicente e Pilati (2012), entre outros. Na sequência, discorremos sobre adjetivos e seus diferentes usos, apresentando sugestões de como abordar esse conteúdo em sala de aula.
Entre o natural e o cultural
Authors: Crispim Felipe Bueno , Campos Luana Cristina da Silva
Published: November 2024

Com o objetivo de contribuir para a memória das práticas de preservação do patrimônio natural e cultural e da arqueologia pública no Brasil, entrevistamos Carlos Fernando de Moura Delphim, engenheiro arquiteto formado pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em 1977 com ampla atuação em órgãos públicos como o Jardim Botânico, Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) e a extinta Fundação Nacional Pró-Memória. Como representante do Iphan no Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (Conama), teve grande contribuição para a regulamentação do licenciamento ambiental no país e para a obrigatoriedade de pesquisa arqueológica na realização de diagnósticos ambientais - Resolução Conama n. 1 de 23 de janeiro de 1986. Criador do primeiro programa de preservação dos jardins históricos e autor do Manual de intervenção nos jardins históricos (2005), Delphim é um dos principais especialistas brasileiros em restauração de jardins, paisagem cultural e patrimônio natural.
As fraudes em Geologia e as formas de combate à desinformação circulante nas redes sociais
Authors: Martines Ivan , Dal Ré Carneiro Celso
Published: November 2024

Introdução. As plataformas digitais e as redes sociais expandiram muito o impacto das fake news. A circulação de desinformação, sob variadas formas, estimulou um debate global sobre regulamentação das plataformas, para proteger a democracia e a liberdade de expressão. Objetivo. Este trabalho aborda as fraudes e a produção de fake news na área da Geologia, bem como as formas de interromper seus efeitos e consequências. Metodologia. Reuniram-se exemplos de vídeos e imagens das redes sociais, que questionam ou manipulam inadequadamente o conhecimento. Resultados. São três as dimensões de desordem informacional: informação equivocada ou mesinformação, desinformação e má-informação. As formas de combate focalizam: (a) o consumidor da informação; (b) a tecnologia e ferramentas disponíveis; (c) as pesquisas de comportamento; (d) as políticas públicas e legislação. O consumidor, exposto a fontes de informação autênticas e falsas, sofre engano e decepção, pela incapacidade de distinguir os verdadeiros dos falsos representantes da ciência. O desafio é mudar o modelo de comunicação: educador deve focalizar o consumidor e reduzir a ênfase na ciência – necessária para permitir o letramento científico. Conclusão. Preservar as conquistas obtidas com a democratização de acesso ao saber deve se combinar com o combate aos malefícios da desordem informacional.
Estratégias mistas para o ensino de Paleontologia na graduação
Authors: Alves Everton F. , Furtado-Carvalho Ana Beatriz , Arouca Francisco de Oliveira , Zabini Carolina
Published: November 2024

Introdução e Objetivo. Este trabalho relata a experiência de ensino-aprendizagem de Paleontologia por meio de estratégias pedagógicas mistas, vivenciada por monitores e por uma docente na disciplina Fundamentos de Paleontologia, do curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, no segundo semestre de 2022. Metodologia. As atividades incluíram aulas expositivas e estratégias ativas de ensino, como oficinas pedagógicas, jogos, dinâmicas educacionais, debate sobre o “Antropoceno” e saídas de campo. Ademais, os alunos desenvolveram projetos didáticos que conectaram teoria e prática, utilizando ferramentas como debates. Resultados. A combinação de aulas expositivas e estratégias ativas de ensino proporcionou maior interesse e melhor compreensão dos conteúdos paleontológicos. Os alunos conectaram conceitos abstratos a exemplos concretos e desenvolveram habilidades como raciocínio crítico, colaboração e autorregulação. Para os monitores, a experiência de monitoria acadêmica envolveu o planejamento de aulas, a elaboração de material didático e a condução de atividades práticas, permitindo o desenvolvimento de habilidades pedagógicas, científicas e interpessoais, e preparando-os para a docência no nível superior. Conclusão. As atividades de ensino implementadas desempenharam um papel fundamental tanto no processo de ensino quanto no de aprendizagem da Paleontologia.
Impact of mother’s own milk vs. donor human milk on gut microbiota colonization in preterm infants: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Jing , van Wesemael Aranka J. , Denswil Nerissa P. , Niemarkt Hendrik J. , van Goudoever Johannes B. , Muncan Vanesa , de Meij Tim G.J. , van den Akker Chris H.P.
Published: November 2024

Background: Nutritional intake in preterm infants is associated with short- and long-term outcomes. The favorable outcomes of preterm infants who predominantly receive their mother’s own milk (MOM) are thought to be mediated partly through beneficial effects on the gut microbiome. When MOM is not available, donor human milk (DHM) is recommended as the best alternative. However, DHM is less effective in preventing adverse outcomes, which may be explained by compositional differences between MOM and DHM, resulting in different microbiome development. This systematic review focuses on the effects of predominant DHM vs. MOM feeding on the gut microbiota composition in preterm infants.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Eight out of the 717 publications identified were included. Data on gut microbiota composition, alpha diversity, and taxonomic differences between DHM- and MOM-fed preterm infants were extracted and analyzed.

Results: The microbiome composition was distinct between the two feeding groups. Alpha diversity measures were lower in DHM-fed infants, particularly when preterm formula (PF) was also provided. DHM-fed infants showed higher abundances of Staphylococcaceae and Clostridiaceae , and lower abundances of Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium .

Conclusion: The observed gut microbiome differences in DHM-fed preterm infants have previously been linked to adverse health outcomes. This underlines the importance of increasing the awareness of MOM intake in preterm infants. Further studies should explore the mechanisms through which human milk affects health outcomes.
Tourism Village Development Strategy Anjir Muara District, Barito Kuala Regency
Authors: Sophia Nurhaliza , Alviawati Eva , Saputra Aswin Nur , Arisanty Deasy , Hastuti Karunia Puji
Published: November 2024

The problem with tourism development is that local village communities have not been able to utilize and manage the potential of existing resources as potential for the tourist village, so that tourism activities or activities in the area have not been able to provide tourists with an experience that is identical to the tourist village. This research aims to analyze development strategies that are appropriate to the conditions in the Anjir Muara District Tourism Village. This research uses a quantitative approach to describe the problems and focus of this research. The sampling technique in the Anjir Muara District Tourism Village used Accidental Sampling. Researchers use this technique to take samples based on chance, so that researchers are able to take samples of anyone they meet at the research location without prior planning. The sample used in this research was 96 respondents. The data analysis used is SWOT analysis to determine development strategies that suit existing conditions in the Anjir Muara District Tourism Village. From the research results, it can be seen that one of the development strategies that suits the conditions of the Marabahan Baru Tourism Village is to develop agrotourism by showing the farming culture of the local community. One of the development strategies that is appropriate to the conditions of the Anjir Serapat Muara Tourism Village is to develop existing river tourism activities, such as creating tour packages around the tourist village including mangrove parks and local fruit gardens to make tourism activities unique and different from other tourism in the area. surroundings. Meanwhile, a development strategy that is appropriate to the conditions of the Anjir Serapat Muara I Tourism Village is to utilize easy access to the pier in Anjir Serapat Muara I Village to offer air transportation services to the local community.
ADSORPTION REMOVAL OF CU (II) USING NI-MODIFIED SILICA GEL
Authors: Yu Junjie , Bondarieva Antonina , Tobilko Viktoriia , Pavlenko Volodymyr
Published: November 2024

The contamination of surface and groundwater with heavy metals represents a significant threat to environmental safety and the health of living organisms. Consequently, the development of new technologies and the improvement of existing ones to clean water bodies from toxicants of various kinds represents an important task. One of the factors influencing the choice of treatment method is the concentration of the pollutant. It is advisable to use adsorption methods for the post treatment of water environmental to the levels of maximum permissible concentrations. In the context of the implementation of adsorption methods, the selection of sorbents that combine high efficiency and low cost with ease of preparation represents an important factor. The aim of this work is to produce a sorbent based on commercial silica gel and nickel oxide. For its synthesis, the thermolysis method was chosen. A series of materials with varying mass ratios of NiO to SiO2 was produced: 1:1 and 0.5:1. The presence of crystalline nickel oxide on the amorphous surface of SiO2 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The main parameters of the porous structure were determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. With an increase in the amount of the deposited oxide layer, the specific surface area and pore volume of the obtained samples decrease by 1.5-2.5 times compared to the original SiO2. At the same time, the general character of the mesoporous structure is preserved. The optimal conditions for the removal of Cu (II) ions by nickel-containing composites based on silica gel (pH ~ 5.5; sorption time - 1 hour) were investigated. The adsorption kinetics is adequately described by a pseudo-second-order model, which indicates a high affinity of copper for the surface of such samples. It was demonstrated that the modification of the SiO2 surface with nickel oxide results in an enhancement of the sorption capacity of materials with respect to Cu (II) ions. The maximum value of copper sorption on the synthesised samples is 10 times higher than on the original SiO2.
Effect of Leaf Extracts Seed Priming and Foliar Spray of Panchagavya on Chlorophyll Content, Gaseous Exchange Parameters, Nitrogen, Potassium and Protein Content of Seed in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] cv. CO 6
Authors: Gunasekar J.
Published: November 2024

The experiment was conducted to study about the effect of various leaf extracts seed priming and foliar spray of Panchagavya on chlorophyll content, gaseous exchange parameters, Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K) and Protein (P) content of seed in blackgram. The seeds of blackgram cv. CO 6 were imposed with leaf extracts seed priming and foliar spray viz., Moringa leaf extract 1%, Prosopis leaf extract 1%, Neem leaf extract 1%, Pungam leaf extract 1%, Arappu leaf extract 1% and foliar spray of Moringa leaf extract 3%, Panchagavya 3%, Prosopis leaf extract 3% and Neem leaf extract 3% along with control. The experiment revealed that leaf extract seed priming with Prosopis leaf extract 1% and foliar spray of Panchagavya 3% records the higher values for chlorophyll content, gaseous exchange parameters, Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K) and Protein (P) content of seed when compared to other treatments and control.
Machine learning suggests climate and seasonal definitions should change under global warming
Authors: Speer Milton , Leslie Lance
Published: November 2024

Extreme and unseasonal temperature and precipitation events have increased worldwide. The greater frequency and variability of floods, heatwaves, and droughts challenge traditional definitions of climate periods as 30-year means. Machine learning (ML) studies, focusing on southern Australia, identified the dominant attributes of these precipitation and temperature events. The attributes are both local and remote climate drivers, amplified by global warming. Their impacts include longer, hotter warm seasons and shorter, drier wet seasons in Australia’s southern Mediterranean climate regions. In contrast, flooding has increased in coastal eastern Australia. The poleward contraction of mid-latitude westerly winds is a readily identifiable contributor. Improvements in climate models are expected to more accurately predict future phases of climate drivers. Because global warming is not uniform across the Earth’s surface, the revised definitions of climate will vary by region. In this work, we chose one clear example that supports the need for re-considering climate periods.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins as non-DNA matter of inheritance: from molecular to cell to philosophical biology
Authors: Müller Günter A.
Published: November 2024

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are cell surface proteins attached to the outer leaflet of eukaryotic plasma membranes (PMs) by a covalently attached GPI. Some GPI-APs may be released extracellularly in response to certain stimuli, such as a high-fat diet, leading to their presence in interstitial spaces or the bloodstream, with their GPI anchor remaining intact. This is accomplished by incorporation of GPI fatty acids into the outer phospholipid monolayer of extracellular vesicles (EVs) or alternatively, together with (lyso)phospholipids and cholesterol into micelle-like complexes. The transfer of released full-length GPI-APs via micelle-like complexes or EVs from donor to acceptor cells, either within the same or distant tissue, is known to have functional consequences, such as the stimulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis. This article explores the possibility that the intercellular transfer of GPI-APs via EVs or micelle-like complexes mediates a form of biological inheritance of non-DNA matter. This novel paradigm may be summarized as follows: (i) donor cells not only transfer DNA to acceptor cells but also GPI-APs, transmembrane proteins, and cytoskeletal elements, which constitute the so-called membrane environment landscapes (MELs), via EVs or micelle-like complexes. (ii) The transferred MLs, such as protuberances and invaginations, are replicated by self-organization and amenable to topological changes in response to environmental factors. (iii) Transfer of MELs induces novel phenotypes in acceptor cells. (iv) This transfer of non-DNA matter is understood as epigenetic mechanism for phenotypic plasticity and the inheritance of acquired traits. (v) The reasons for the missing consideration of non-DNA matter in heredity research should become the subject of future studies in the philosophy of biology, in general, and science and technology studies, in particular.
Existential wellbeing may be of utmost importance to many people
Authors: Yu Timothy T.F. , Wong Paul T.P.
Published: November 2024

Existential wellbeing (EWB) may be the most important type of wellbeing because, compared with other types of wellbeing, it may be more relevant to all people in all circumstances. However, it remains the most neglected form of wellbeing in mainstream positive psychology (PP). In this brief concept paper, we first explain the fundamental problems pertaining to the PP approach in research on wellbeing, which ignored the PP of suffering and EWB. Next, we present the existential positive psychology (EPP) as a more promising framework for a global wellbeing research that is more realistic, inclusive, and sustainable. Using the EPP framework, we then define the elements, processes, and outcomes of EWB. Finally, we provide several examples to potentiate why EWB may be more relevant to all people, two of which draw on the authors’ lived experiences.
Applied Theory of Relativity into Human and Animal Biology and Psychology?
Authors: Carp Theodor-Nicolae
Published: November 2024

It is often said in human society that it all starts from the mind, and this is true. The answer to the question “Why is it that pets require much fewer years to fully develop than humans?” could be headed to the Theory of Relativity and the perceived time according to the levels of instinct and rationality. It is perhaps no wonder that the French language translates the word “mind” as “l’esprit”, which also means “spirit” in the English language. Given that the Theory of Relativity applies to all physical matter, the theory applies to chemistry, biology and psychology as well. The level of instinct is proportional with the perceived speed of time and implicitly, to the speed of time itself for the whole organism, given that the nervous system coordinates all bodily functions. A pet may experience a few years as humans experience over a decade, making their perceived lifetime to be approximately equal to the human’s. The same applies to the perception of space and its components. This aspect would emphasise upon the fact that all life on Earth shows the same degree of value with regards to uniqueness. Nevertheless, the values represented by the hierarchy of competences among living organisms at the same time differs based on species. Honour of uniqueness and hierarchy of competences represent two scientific concepts that never overcross. As a result, there is no evidence to suggest that scientific facts as such constitute a form of contradiction to philosophical and religious ideas, given that religion refers to animals as companions of humans. With regards to the clock of the living organism; there are three kinds of clocks in a living organism: the emotional clock, the cognitive clock and the molecular clock. These three categories actually constitute the temporal layers of our dimension, so they are in a relationship of interdependence. When one has a feeling that time is slower or quicker, they are not fully experiencing that change in the time speed, but only partially. And one can profoundly experience the change of perceived time speed when they experience profound feelings, which sweep them away from reality. Complete, deep mental focus can bring about this profound change in perception, which will make the individual feel as if they are in a different form of reality. When one is more instinctive, the person in cause perceives time as slower and sees more opportunities within the same frame of time and space. When one experiences the “Fight or flight” mode, the person in the cause finds themselves to be in danger and has two options; to try to prevail over the danger or to flee it. Whilst experiencing such a mode, people are much more alert and therefore, time passes more slowly and the physical space dilates. When people are relaxed, however, time and space become smaller, and when they are in a deep state of resting, they become very small. And where there is a smaller dimension, there is a greater speed, just as the circulating air gains speed when it crosses narrow passages.
Recommendation to Solve the Difference in Performance Management Between Civil Servant in Timor-Leste
Authors: Barros Cristovao de Alexandria
Published: November 2024

Timor-Leste, since its independence in 2002, has faced challenges in managing the growing number of civil servants, currently numbering over 13,000. Civil servants are classified under two regimes: General (GCR) and Special (SCR). This classification leads to disparities in salary, benefits, promotions, and performance evaluations, creating dissatisfaction among employees in both regimes. GCR employees enjoy regular salary increases and promotions based on performance, whereas SCR employees, despite earning higher salaries, do not receive the same opportunities for career advancement. This policy paper analyses these differences and recommends abolishing the dual regime structure. It proposes a unified system where salary progression, benefits, and promotions are based on education level, service length, and performance evaluations. Additional allowances should be provided to those working in rural areas to encourage retention and equitable service delivery. Regular external monitoring and audits are essential for effective performance management. Evidence from Indonesia supports these recommendations, showing that additional allowances and strong leadership improve employee performance and discipline.
Hypothalamic Mechanisms Contributing to Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Stagikas Dimitrios , Simos Yannis Vasileios , Lakkas Lampros , Filis Panagiotis , Peschos Dimitrios , Tsamis Konstantinos Ioannis
Published: November 2024

Cachexia is a complex multiorgan syndrome associated with various chronic diseases, characterized by anorexia and increased tissue wasting in the context of chronic inflammation. A specific form of this syndrome, known as cancer cachexia (CC), occurs alongside different types of tumors. The pathogenesis of CC is multifactorial, with inflammatory mediators and hormones released by either the tumor or the host identified as key drivers of the peripheral catabolic process through several direct mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that the central nervous system (CNS) is also recognized as an integral component in the pathogenesis of CC. Hypothalamus has emerged as a critical brain area that senses and amplifies peripheral stimuli, generating an inappropriate neuronal signaling, leading to deregulation of feeding behavior and impaired control of energy homeostasis. Circulating cytokines may act in concert with hormones and neurotransmitters and perturbate the hypothalamic melanocortin system, shifting its activity towards the anorexigenic pathway and increase energy expenditure. The purpose of this review is to provide insights on the potential mechanisms mediating the hypothalamic inflammation in the context of anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer.
The Development of the Seismic Forecasting System for the Vrancea AreaThe Development of the Seismic Forecasting System for the Vrancea Area
Authors: Toader Victorin Emilian , Ionescu Constantin , Moldovan Iren-Adelina , Marmureanu Alexandru , Lingvay Iosif , Mihai Andrei
Published: November 2024

The NIEP (National Institute of Earth Physics) monitors and analyzes seismicity in Romania. Over time, the monitoring stations equipped with seismic equipment have become multifunctional with new devices for measuring gas emissions, the magnetic field, the telluric field, solar radiation, etc. This made it possible to introduce a seismic forecasting system, which is intended to extend the alert time of the warning system based solely on seismic data. The realization of an OEF (Operational Earthquake Forecasting) aims to extend the warning time from 25-30 seconds before an earthquake manifests its effects with a magnitude of more than 4.8R to several hours or even days. The AFROS project (PCE119/4.01.2021) introduced fundamental research studies in the development of the OEF system. The results are now public in the form of real-time analysis of radon and CO2 emissions on the page http://afros.infp.ro/AFROS.php?link=dategeofizice. The monitored area is Vrancea because it generates the most destructive earthquakes in Romania, with effects in neighboring countries (Bulgaria, Ukraine, and Moldova). The structure of the monitoring network and the methods used can be adapted to other seismic zones depending on their particularities. The data acquisition includes analog signals (e.g., magnetic field, well temperature), digital data (e.g., radon, CO2, well water level), and from other sources (e.g., VLF receivers, Kp geomagnetic factor from NOAA). All data ends up in a database that can be accessed through an API and the result will be in JSON format (https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/28kv3gsgcz/2). The methods used include the detection of events by exceeding certain thresholds, STA/LTA type data analysis, and analysis of seismic bulletins (parameters a, b from the Gutenberg Richter law). In each case, the application of these methods involves particularities that make the monitoring network a novelty in activities of this type. The experimental results indicate the possibility of using the parameter b from the Gutenberg Richter law and the emission of gases in the real-time seismic forecast. This was known from previous analyses carried out on data series on the periods in which earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 4.5R occurred. The novelty is that currently this is done continuously and the results are public.
Deuterium Oxide Dilution Method to Quantify Human Milk Intake Volume of Infants: Systematic Review – A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project
Authors: Cloostermans Lucas , Allegaert karel marcel , Smits Anne , Vanneste Martje
Published: November 2024

Background: Global health organizations recommend breastfeeding, but maternal pharmacotherapy can disrupt this due to safety concerns. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models predict medication transfer through breastfeeding, relying on validated milk intake volume data. However, literature mainly focused on different measurement methods, or such intake data were collected without systematic review. This systematic review therefore aims to gather data on human milk intake volume derived using the (dose-to-the-mother) deuterium oxide dilution method, allowing comparison with literature. Additionally, it aims to explore effects of maternal conditions on milk intake volume. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane library, Scopus and CINAHL were searched for studies on the dilution method and breastfeeding in healthy infants. Risk of Bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool. Data on mean human milk intake volume were extracted and synthesized (mL/day and mL/kg/day) throughout infancy. Results: Sixty studies (34 countries) reported on milk intake volume of 5502 infants. This intake was best described by logarithmic regression y(mL/kg/day) = 149.4002 -0.2268*x -0.1365*log(x) (x=postnatal age, days). Maternal conditions showed no significant influence on human milk intake, except for maternal smoking (reduction). Conclusion: This function corresponds with previous literature, particularly between 1.5 to 12 months. Limited availability of early infancy data underscores the need for additional data in future PBPK modelling to enhance informed healthcare decisions and improved outcomes for mother and infant.
Combined Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Inhibition of Non-Oncogene Addiction to Improve Tumor Response in EGFR and KRAS Mutant NSCLC
Authors: Amato Luisa , Omodei Daniela , De Rosa Caterina , Ariano Annalisa , Capaldo Sara , Tufano Camilla Carmela , Buono Rossella , Terlizzi Cristina , Nardelli Anna , Del Vecchio Vitale , Palumbo Rosanna , Tuccillo Concetta , Morgillo Floriana , Papaccio Federica , Tirino Virginia , Iommelli Francesca , Della Corte Carminia Maria , De Rosa Viviana
Published: November 2024

Background: Oncogene-driven NSCLC are usually treated with targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to inhibit oncogene downstream signaling pathways thus affecting tumor survival and proliferation. EGFR and KRAS mutant NSCLC are the most represented subtypes and they are treated in clinical practice with oncogene-targeting drugs in first and second line, respectively. Unfortunately, the development of oncogene-independent resistant clones limits TKIs efficacy. Here, we used non-oncogene addiction (NOA) as an innovative therapeutic strategy to target other essential proteins that support changes in tumor phenotype. Specifically, we tested for the first time a combination of ATR, involved in DNA damage response, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs), involved in energy metabolism, inhibitors. Methods: Sensitive PC9 and the corresponding EGFR-TKI-resistant PC9/OR, EGFR mutant H1975 and KRAS mutant A549 NSCLC cells were treated with TKIs (osimertinib and selumetinib, respectively). In parallel, cells were exposed to two combination regimens: one using the TKI with ATR inhibitor and the other one combining the two selected NOA inhibitors (ATR inhibitor, M4344 and PDK inhibitor, DCA). Results: The effect of these two combined approaches, compared to TKI alone, produced similar results in terms of cell proliferation, cell death and migration. Thus, depending on tumor biology, the selection among these proposed therapeutic strategies will be different to maximize tumor response. Conclusions: The major translational relevance of this study is to exploit new targets for innovative and improved therapeutic strategies with NOA drugs, over combinations including target genes within oncogenes pathway, to overcome resistance to TKI therapies in oncogene-addicted NSCLC patients.
A Model and Quantitative Framework for Evaluating Iterative Steganography
Authors: Pery Marcin , Waszkowski Robert
Published: November 2024

This study presents a comprehensive characterization of iterative steganography, a distinct class of information-hiding techniques, and proposes a formal mathematical model for their description. We introduce a novel quantitative measure, the Incremental Information Function (IIF), designed to evaluate information gain in iterative steganographic methods. The IIF provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the step-by-step process of embedding information into a cover medium, focusing on the cumulative effects of each iteration in the encoding and decoding cycles. The practical application and efficacy of the proposed method are demonstrated through detailed case studies in video steganography. These examples illustrate the utility of the IIF in delineating the properties and characteristics of iterative steganographic techniques. Our analysis reveals that the IIF effectively captures the incremental nature of information embedding and serves as a valuable tool for assessing the robustness and capacity of steganographic systems. This research offers significant insights into the field of information hiding, particularly in the development and evaluation of advanced steganographic methods. The IIF emerges as a promising analytical tool for researchers, providing a quantitative approach to understanding and optimizing iterative steganographic techniques.
How Architecture Builds Intelligence: Lessons From AI
Authors: Salingaros Nikos A
Published: November 2024

The architecture in the title refers to physical buildings, spaces, and walls. Dominant architectural culture prefers a minimalist environment that contradicts the information setting needed for the infant brain to develop. Much of world architecture after World War II is therefore unsuitable for raising children. Data collected by technological tools, including those that use AI for processing signals, indicate a basic misfit. Results from the way AI software works, together with mobile robotics and neuroscience back up this conclusion. Human intelligence arose as a response to information from the natural environment consisting of bushes, rocks, trees, and animals including other humans. Geometrical features in the ancestral setting shaped neural circuits that determine cognition. Human neurophysiology has worked well in abstract thinking to develop mathematics, science, and technology. However, the contemporary built environment consisting of raw concrete, plate glass, and exposed steel sharply contrasts with natural geometries. It appears that traditional and vernacular architectures are appropriate for life, while new buildings and urban spaces will adapt to human biology and be better for raising children only if they follow living geometry.
Kinetic Aspects of Ethylene Glycol Degradation using UV-C Activated Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2/UV-C)
Authors: Fazliev Timur , Lyulyukin Mikhail , Kozlov Denis , Selishchev Dmitry
Published: November 2024

Ethylene glycol (EG) is one of the contaminants in wastewater of airports because it is commonly used in the composition of aircraft deicing fluids during the cold season in northern regions. Ethylene glycol by itself has comparably low toxicity on mammals and aquatic life, but it can lead to substantial increase in chemical and biological oxygen demands. Contamination of water with EG facilitates the rapid growth of microbial biofilms that decreases the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water and negatively affects overall biodiversity. The development of simple method to decompose EG with a high efficiency and low operating costs is an important task. This study shows that ethylene glycol can be completely oxidized using UV-C activated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2/UV-C) with a high rate (up to 56 mg L–1 h–1) at optimum EG:H2O2 molar ratio of 1:10–1:15. Air purging the reaction solution at 1000 cm3 min–1 increases EG mineralization rate up to 2 times because simultaneous action of UV-activated H2O2 and O2 (H2O2 + O2/UV-C) leads to a synergistic effect, especially at low EG:H2O2 ratios. The kinetics and mechanism of EG degradation are discussed based on the kinetic plots of ethylene glycol and intermediate products.
Legacy Effect of Drought on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Wheat Growth Before and After Rewetting
Authors: Erinle Kehinde O. , Odugbenro George O. , Enitan Olanike O. , Bengtson Per , Marschner Petra
Published: November 2024

With predicted increase in the intervals between rainfall events becoming more apparent, little is known about how short-term (few weeks) drought events influence plant growth and nitrogen (N) uptake after rewetting, and how this legacy effect is modulated by drought intensity and soil amendment. Methods: Soil (50% water holding capacity, WHC) unamended or amended with faba bean residue (C/N 9) was planted with wheat for two weeks. Thereafter, drought was imposed by reducing soil water content to 10% (DEFICIT) or 30% (MILD) WHC and maintained for two weeks (days 0 to 14). Thereafter, soils (deficit and mild) were rewetted to 50% WHC and maintained at this water content for additional two weeks. Control soils were maintained at 50% WHC (OPTIMAL) throughout the experiment. Results: At the end of the dry period, shoot dry weight was about 60% lower in DEFICIT than OPTIMAL. Contrarily, soil available N was higher in DEFICIT (16.65-41.72 mg kg-1) than OPTIMAL (4.57-26.42 mg kg-1). While MBN did not differ with amendment, it was about 80% lower in DEFICIT than OPTIMAL without amendment. During the two-weeks after rewetting (days 15 to 28), shoot dry weight, N concentration and available N changed little without amendment. But in the amended soil particularly in DEFICIT treatments, shoot dry weight nearly doubled, shoot N concentration increased by about 40%, plant N uptake increased by about 70%, and MBN decreased by about 40%. However, shoot dry weight and plant N uptake were still lower than the OPTIMAL. Conclusion: The reduced plant growth, shoot N concentration and plant N uptake induced by a short period of drying (<30% WHC) is not compensated by increased growth and N uptake after rewetting.
Analysis of 26 Studies of the Impact of Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters: Beyond Total- and LDL-Cholesterol
Authors: Newport Mary T. , Dayrit Fabian M.
Published: November 2024

Coconut oil (CNO) is often characterized as an “artery clogging fat” because it is a predominantly saturated fat that ostensibly raises total cholesterol (TChol) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). Whereas previous analyses assessed CNO based on relative effects on lipid parameters against other fats and oils, this analysis focuses on the effects of CNO itself. Here, we review the literature on CNO and analyze 984 lipid profile data sets from 26 CNO studies conducted over the past 40 years. This analysis found considerable heterogeneity among CNO studies regarding participant selection, amount consumed, and study duration. The analysis reveals that, overall, CNO consumption gives variable TChol and LDL-C values, but that HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) values increase and triglycerides (TG) decrease. This holistic lipid assessment, together with consideration of lipid ratios, shows that CNO does not pose a health risk for heart disease. Because the predominantly medium-chain fatty acid profile of CNO is significantly different from lard and palm oil, studies using these as reference materials do not apply to CNO. This paper concludes that the recommendation to avoid consuming coconut oil due to the risk of heart disease is not justified.
Chemistry and Health: A Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Carvalho Alcione Silva de , Souza Iva , Ferreira Patrícia Garcia , de Souza Acácio Silva , de Oliveira Rafael Portugal Rizzo Franco , Futuro Debora Omena , Ferreira Vitor Francisco
Published: November 2024

This review explores both the positive and negative impacts of chemistry on society, focusing on the intersection between pharmaceutical, natural, and synthetic chemicals. On the one hand, drugs developed through Medicinal Chemistry have saved lives, improved people’s quality of life, and increased longevity. However, they also pose risks, including fatalities and environmental damage. Pharmaceutical Chemistry has revolutionized medical practice by enabling the treatment and cure of fatal or debilitating diseases, significantly contributing to the rise in global life expectancy through the research and development of new bioactive substances. This article also highlights the harmful effects of toxic synthetic substances, which negatively impact human health and the environment, affecting plants, animals, air, water, soil, and food.