bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Insight Into the Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) Associated With Protected Area Network of Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya
Authors: Arya Manoj Kumar , Verma Aman
Published: November 2019

Uttarakhand has a rich tradition to conserve its immense array of biological and cultural diversity. An annotated checklist on butterfly diversity and distribution across protected areas of state Uttarakhand is provided here which is a culmination of published literature over a period of the last 38 years (1981-2018). The list comprises 393 butterfly species under 188 genera and six families. The local status was also assigned to the compiled species of butterflies after critical review of referred literature, wherein 22.70% of the total species were found ‘rare' while 41 species of butterflies are entirely lacking published record from the last many decades. A total of 51 species compiled in the present checklist, which was reported based on its presence or absence unique and rare to a particular protected area, are the species of concern as they might face extinction through slight alterations in their habitats.
Sand Mining and Biodiversity Decline With Reference to Rajasthan Area
Authors: Rathoure Kanchan P. , Rathoure Ashok K.
Published: November 2019

Biodiversity sustains human livelihoods and life itself. An estimated 40% of the global economy is based on biological products and processes. As the biodiversity harbours a great amount of diversity with respect to species diversity, crop diversity, etc., which provides a rich amount of a well-evolved systems over time and background support for rich resources, the mining is a destructive activity generated by human beings for providing strength and security to their living standards. The mining in the concerned zones provides raw materials in the form of crusher, gravels and stones, etc. for construction of roads, railway lines, and other infrastructure. It results in the loss of biodiversity of both flora and fauna and physiographic features of the concerned region. After the mining operation in any area is over, the sign of same lie for decades and maybe forever. It results in creation of so many environment-related problems and health hazards. Mining poses serious and highly specific threats to biodiversity.
Survey Methodology for Biodiversity Assessment
Authors: Rathoure Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2019

Rapid urbanization, population explosion, and developing technology have degraded natural habitat of flora and fauna. They can't get proper natural habitat and environment. Because of these reasons, they can't survive. They are in danger. We have to save them. If we can't save them, our whole ecological cycle will be disturbed, and it will create problems for us. So, we have to find reasons for extinction of flora and fauna. For that, it is necessary to do biological survey/assessment. From biological survey/assessment we can find/assess what type of impact are harmful for flora-fauna, how it will affect flora-fauna, what is the reason behind extinction of flora-fauna. From biodiversity survey we can provide and create natural habitat for flora-fauna. So, impact assessment is very important consideration. Every industry/plant or any type of activity should do biodiversity survey. This chapter explores a survey methodology for biodiversity assessment.
A Software Process Improvement Model for Small Firms in Developing Countries
Authors: Chevers Delroy , Mills Annette M. , Duggan Evan , Moore Stanford
Published: November 2019

Managing software quality is a major challenge for software development firms. This has led many firms to adopt software process improvement programs such as the capability maturity model integration to improve the software development process. However, these models are often too cumbersome and costly, especially for small software firms in developing countries, to implement. This chapter proposes a simplified software process improvement model that prioritises key practices for software development, given the constraints that face small firms. Using data collected in four developing countries in the English-speaking Caribbean from 112 developer/user dyads on their software practices, the results show that software process coupled with supporting technology (e.g., project management tools) significantly impact the quality of the software product. Smaller projects (represented by size of the project team) are also associated with high quality software products than larger projects. Implications for SPI programs in small firms and future research is discussed.
Pharmacogenetic analyses of variations of measures of cardiovascular risk in Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira , Berretta Juliana Marília , de Almeida Junior Guido Veiga , de Almeida Sandro Soares , Chen Elizabeth Suchi , Smith Marilia Cardoso , Ferreira Bertolucci Paulo Henrique
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:

Neurodegeneration affects blood pressure variations, while renal function and cerebral perfusion are impaired by vascular risk factors. This study was aimed to estimate variations of measures of cardiovascular risk in Alzheimer's dementia by pharmacogenetic analyses of the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and statins.

Methods:

Consecutive patients were prospectively followed to study variations of creatinine clearance and blood pressure for one year, estimated by correlating the effects of ACE inhibitors with the ACE Alu I/D polymorphism and genotypes or haplotypes of rs1800764 or rs4291, and the effects of statins with LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) genotypes or haplotypes of rs11669576 (exon 8) or rs5930 (exon 10), or genotypes of rs2695121 (liver X receptor β gene). Variations of the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk according to these cardiovascular measures were also explored.

Results:

All polymorphisms of the 193 patients were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic determinants of cardiovascular effects affected the individual variability of the response to ACE inhibitors and statins. ACE inhibitors, but not statins, reduced blood pressure for all patients. ACE inhibitors protected carriers of alleles that supposedly decrease serum ACE levels (rs1800764-T, rs4291-A, Alu II) regarding creatinine clearance variations (P<0.005), but carriers of Alu DD (P<0.02), rs1800764-C (P<0.05), or rs4291-AT (P<0.04) showed better blood pressure lowering effects. The presence of rs2695121-T (P=0.007) or rs5930-A (P=0.039) was associated with systolic blood pressure lowering, whereas rs5930-AA was protective against decrease in creatinine clearance (P=0.019). Statins lowered creatinine clearance for carriers of rs2695121-CT (P=0.026).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Pharmacological response of blood pressure and creatinine clearance to ACE inhibitors and statins may be genetically mediated.
Anti-thymocyte globulin in haematology
Authors: Siddiqui Salahuddin , Cox Jessica , Herzig Roger , Palaniyandi Senthilnathan , Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Munker Reinhold
Published: November 2019

Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a polyclonal antiserum introduced into clinical medicine more than 30 years ago. It induces a broad non-specific immunosuppression. In haematology, standard indications are severe aplastic anaemia and prophylaxis and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (after allogeneic transplantation). For aplastic anaemia, ATG from horses has been found to be superior to ATG from rabbits. In the situation of allogeneic transplantation, ATG lessens the risk of chronic GVHD but may not improve survival. There is current controversy regarding which patients benefit most from ATG and what the ideal dosage is. It is likely that in the coming years a more specific immunosuppressive will be developed that will minimize GVHD while maintaining the graft-versus-malignancy effect.
Формула супердифференциала функции расстояния,
заданной калибром, до дополнения выпуклого множества
Authors: Dudov Sergey Ivanovitch , Osiptsev Mikhail Anatol'evich
Published: November 2019

Рассматривается функция расстояния, заданная калибром
(калибровочной функцией Минковского) до дополнения
выпуклого телесного множества в конечномерном пространстве.
Установлена вогнутость этой функции на данном выпуклом
множестве и формула ее супердифференциала в любой внутренней
точке множества. В граничных точках этого выпуклого множества
установлена ее дифференцируемость по направлениям, получена
соответствующая формула производной по направлениям.
Библиография: 19 названий.
A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P
Authors: Tanioka Tatsuro , Matsumoto Katsumi
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The elemental stoichiometry of marine phytoplankton plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle through carbon export. Although extensive laboratory experiments have been carried out over the years to assess the influence of different environmental drivers on the elemental composition of phytoplankton, a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the processes is still lacking. Here, we synthesized the responses of P : C and N : C ratios of marine phytoplankton to five major drivers (phosphate and nitrate, irradiance, temperature, and iron) by meta-analysis of laboratory experimental data available in the literature. Our results show that the response of the ratios to changes in macronutrients is consistent across all the studies, where the nutrient availability is positively related to changes in P : C and N : C ratios. We found that diatoms are more sensitive to the changes in macronutrients compared to other eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, possibly due to their larger cell size and their abilities to quickly regulate their gene expression patterns required for nutrient uptake. The effect of irradiance on P : C was mixed and not significant, but the same effect on N : C was significant and constant across all studies where an increase in irradiance decreased N : C. The response to temperature changes was mixed by species, except warming consistently decreased P : C ratio in cyanobacteria. This may explain why P : C is consistently low in the cyanobacteria-dominated subtropical oceans. The effect of iron on P : C and N : C for cyanobacteria were statistically significant but the small sample size precludes drawing firm conclusions. Overall, our findings highlight the high stoichiometric plasticity of diatoms and the importance of macronutrients in determining P : C and N : C ratios, which both provide us insights on how to understand and model plankton diversity and productivity.
Assessing the role and consistency of satellite observation products in global physical-biogeochemical ocean reanalysis
Authors: Ford David
Published: November 2019

Abstract. As part of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative, new sets of satellite observation products have been produced for Essential Climate Variables including ocean colour, sea surface temperature, sea level and sea ice. These new products have been assimilated into a global physical-biogeochemical ocean model, to create a set of 13-year reanalyses at 1° resolution and 3-year reanalyses at 1/4° resolution. In a series of experiments, the variables were assimilated individually and in combination, in order to assess their consistency from a data assimilation perspective. The satellite products, and the reanalyses assimilating them, were found to be consistent in their representation of spatial features such as fronts, sea ice extent and bloom activity. Assimilating multiple variables together often resulted in larger mean increments for a variable than assimilating it individually, revealing ways in which the model and assimilation scheme could be improved. Sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide had lower errors against independent observations in the higher resolution simulations, and was improved by assimilating ocean colour or sea ice concentration, but degraded by assimilating sea surface temperature or sea level anomaly. Phytoplankton biomass correlated more strongly with net air-sea heat fluxes in the reanalyses than chlorophyll concentration did, and the correlation was weakened by assimilating ocean colour data, suggesting that studies of phytoplankton bloom initiation based solely on chlorophyll data may not provide a full understanding of the underlying processes.
La traducción rusa del fuero de León en el contexto del medievalismo tardosoviético
Authors: Aurov Oleg
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo persigue analizar la historia de aparición de la traducción comentada rusa del Fuero de León, realizada por los investigadores soviéticos Sergei Chervonov (1955-1988) y Olga Variaš (1946-2003) en el año 1985. Las causas de aparecer de la traducción citada se explican no solamente por el contexto de relaciones diplomáticas y culturales entre España y la URSS (restaurados en el año 1977), pero también por los factores específicos que pertenecieron al terreno del medievalismo soviético. La influencia de los principios básicos del marxismo tárdosoviético parece muy sensible en el carácter de la traducción y especialmente en el comentario. Pero la gran calidad técnica de la obra se explica el hecho que el Fuero de León ruso conserva su importancia científica en nuestros días.
Consumos y oficios municipales: el intento frustrado de la ciudad de Sala-manca de consumir una regiduría a comienzos del siglo XVII
Authors: Polo Martín Regina Mª
Published: November 2019

Las vías de acceso a las regidurías de las principales ciudades castellanas desde la segunda mitad del siglo XVI prácticamente quedaron reducidas a dos: las renuncias por su titular a favor de un familiar o de una persona ajena a la familia y la compra del oficio pagando el precio correspondiente, siendo muy escasas las mercedes regias a favor de una determinada persona, que por otra parte desde el siglo XVI casi siempre enmascaraban una enajenación. El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar una de estas cada vez más infrecuentes mercedes regias de un regimiento vacante, la acaecida en la Salamanca de comienzos del siglo XVII, así como el intento infructuoso de su ayuntamiento de consumirla, que desembocó en un pleito ante el Consejo de Castilla. Veremos como esa merced encubría una compra por precio.
Eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento para padres destinado a mejorar la comunicación oral y la conducta de sus hijos: un estudio preliminar
Authors: Puertas González Jose Antonio , Ruiz Castilla María , Fresneda López María Dolores , Godoy García Juan Francisco
Published: November 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar, aplicar y analizar la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento para padres, destinado a la mejora de las dificultades en el habla y/o el lenguaje y también dirigido al tratamiento y la prevención de problemas de conducta, en niños desde los 3 años hasta los 5 años y 11 meses de edad. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasi-experimental con un grupo experimental (10 familias) y un grupo control (7 familias). Las familias se seleccionaron del Colegio de Educación Infantil y Primaria Elena Martín Vivaldi (Granada) y el programa se compuso por 12 sesiones. Los dos grupos fueron evaluados antes y después del programa. El grupo experimental mejoró su comportamiento en comparación con el grupo control, además, ambos grupos incrementaron sus puntuaciones en diversos instrumentos de evaluación del lenguaje. Sin embargo, únicamente el grupo que recibió la intervención presentó mejoría en la dimensión contenido del lenguaje, a través de la Prueba de Lenguaje Oral de Navarra Revisada. El presente estudio aporta evidencia preliminar sobre la eficacia del programa en la mejora del comportamiento y el lenguaje en niños de preescolar, no obstante, son necesarios más estudios.
Inputs lingüísticos en madres de niños con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Quintero Uribe Jhon Fredy
Published: November 2019

En la segunda mitad del siglo XX se llevaron a cabo en diferentes países, estudios sobre la influencia del estilo comunicativo de los padres en el desarrollo del lenguaje en los niños. Dichos estudios planteaban posturas diferentes en cuanto a la calidad de los inputs, los cuales podrían ser óptimos o deficientes. El objetivo del estudio fue el de identificar los inputs lingüísticos usados por un grupo de madres de niños con discapacidad intelectual. Se realizó una investigación de tipo documental, donde se analizaron registros audiovisuales de interacciones comunicativas entre madres y niños en situaciones naturales. Los niños presentaban un diagnóstico clínico, algunos de síndrome de Down y otros de Parálisis Cerebral, y secundario a estos diagnósticos, discapacidad intelectual. La información se procesó a través de una herramienta de análisis cualitativo. Los resultados muestran un uso variado de inputs lingüísticos con un porcentaje más alto de aquellos en los que se exige acciones o elaboración de enunciados en los niños. Parece demostrarse la postura teórica sobre el input deficiente en los padres, quizá relacionado también con un supuesto acerca de las fuentes de dicha deficiencia.
Tracking Errors of Exchange Traded Funds in Bursa Malaysia
Authors: Ku Alfred Ing-Soon , Liew Venus Khim-Sen , Puah Chin-Hong
Published: November 2019

This study measures the tracking errors of exchange traded funds (ETFs) listed in Bursa Malaysia. Five measures of tracking errors are estimated in this study for the seven ETFs involved. Overall, the best ETF is METFAPA with the least tracking error. The ranking of the remainder ETFs, in the ascending order of tracking error is MYETFID, METFSID, MYETFDJ, CIMC50, FBMKLCI-EA and CIMBA40 (highest tracking error). The findings in this study is expected to provide clue for passive institutional and retail investors on their selection of ETFs to mimic the portfolio of the desired underlying assets. Moreover, it is anticipated that these findings will motivate the improvement in the tracking ability of the existing ETFs, solicit more follow up studies to encourage the development of new ETFs and increase the participation of investors.
Role of Internal Audit in Accounting Information Control in Public Departments: An Applied Study to the Sudanese Ministry of Interior (2009 - 2017)
Authors: Yassin Sana Ali
Published: November 2019

The study aimed to identify the role that internal audit plays in the control of accounting information provided by accounting agencies in public departments as well as the rules and bylaws adopted by the Internal Audit Chamber at the Sudanese Ministry of Interior. The study adopted the descriptive as well as historical approach to analyze the previous studies.The study revealed that internal audit plays a role in keeping public funds, reducing the risks of theft as well as fraud, and evaluating accounting information. It recommends adopting modern methods in the current accounting system to evaluate and get the accurate as well as proper value of assets, and designing an effective internal audit system that serves to accomplish the desired objectives.
Workplace Friendship, Trust in the Leader and Turnover Intention: The Mediating Effects of Work Engagement
Authors: Ariyabuddhiphongs Vanchai , Boonsanong Charoon
Published: November 2019

The job demands-resources model hypothesizes work engagement’s positive mediating effects between job resources and positive outcomes; its mediating effects between job resources and negative outcomes have rarely been examined. We propose workplace friendship and trust in the leader as job resources and turnover intention as a negative outcome and hypothesize that workplace friendship and trust in the leader will positively predict work engagement, and that work engagement will negatively predict turnover intention. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a study among 166 bank tellers in Bangkok, Thailand using a questionnaire survey. Regression analysis with bootstrapping was used to test the hypotheses and the mediation model. The hypotheses and the model were supported. The results of our study provide support for the job demands-resources model and suggest for the bank management the advisement of encouraging friendship among bank tellers and cultivating their trust in the managers.
Visualização 3D interativa de dados médicos temporais baseada em modelo de atenção visual
Authors: Silva Leonardo S. , Nakamura Ricardo , Nunes Fatima L. S.
Published: November 2019

A visualização de dados temporais oferece suporte a processos de planejamento e de decisão ao ajudar na compreensão dos padrões e relacionamento entre tais dados. Na área da Saúde, o procedimento de anamnese produz um grande volume de valiosas informações, que são normalmente analisadas de acordo com aspectos temporais. Abordagens baseadas em t écnicas de Realidade Virtual (RV) para visualização de dados temporais ainda podem ser consideradas subexploradas. Neste contexto, tamb ém merece destaque o crescimento em importância da Atenção Visual em diversasáreas de conhecimento, em função de sua capacidade de auxiliar seres humanos a explorar complexas cenas visuais. Um projeto apropriado pode favorecer a interpretação de informações complexas em uma visualização, dessa forma, além do uso da Atenção Visual no projeto de uma representação visual para dados médicos com características temporais em um ambiente 3D interativo, busca-se estabelecer uma relação entre os elementos gráficos utilizados e as preferências do usuário por meio de técnicas de aprendizagem e máquina e reconhecimento de padrões. A partir dessa relação, objetiva-se contribuir com a melhoria da percepção visual nas ferramentas de visualização de informação, bem como avançar na personalização das visualizações oferecidas a partir das preferências dos usuários. Resultados preliminares apontam que a Atenção Visual pode ser um recurso importante no projeto de visualização de informações, além de sinalizarem possibilidades de pesquisa na exploração de técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina no contexto do projeto das interfaces dessas visualizações.
Comparação entre Técnicas de Fotogrametria e Escaneamento de Luz Estruturada para Reconstrução de Objetos em 3D
Authors: Tannús Júlia , Favareto Isabela , Lamounier Júnior Edgard Afonso , Cardoso Alexandre
Published: November 2019

Modelos 3D de alto realismo possuem muitas possibilidades de aplicação em diversas áreas. Porém, a modelagem 3D manual demanda tempo e habilidade. Por isto, técnicas de reprodução tridimensional automática estão sendo estudadas, tornando-se cada vez mais avançadas e disponíveis para diversos cen ários e aplicaçoes. Entre elas, destacam-se o escaneamento 3D e a fotogrametria computadorizada. Contudo, ainda não há um consenso acerca de qual a melhor técnica a ser utilizada para a geração de modelos tridimensionais. Neste artigo, foi feito um modelo 3D a partir de um objeto real usando cada uma das técnicas, a fim de compará-las entre si e com o próprio com base em três componentes: precisão geométrica de cada modelo com relação ao objeto real, precisão relativa entre os dois produtos gerados e análise visual qualitativa. Observou-se que o modelo escaneado apresentou maior diferença de distâncias e pior qualidade em relação ao obtido por fotogrametria, apesar deste último demandar maior tempo de processamento.
Investigations of Latvian Illite/Kaolinite Clays Irradiated Under Action of Accelerated Electrons
Authors: CONKA Dāvis , AVOTINA Līga , SVINKA Ruta , SVINKA Visvaldis , BAUMANE Laris , TRUBACA-BOGINSKA Anna , KINERTE Valentīna , KIZANE Gunta
Published: November 2019

Natural clay is a perspective material for application as sorbents for wastewater treatment as well as for sorption of radionuclides, where the properties of the clays can be changed under influence of ionizing radiation. For application of Latvian illite/kaolinite clays for isotope sorption it is important to characterize the physic-chemical properties of pre-prepared air dried clays. Two fractions of the illite clays were selected. A fraction with grain size 100 μm (SiO2 content 60.9 ± 1.5 wt.%, specific surface area 35 m2/g) and a sand free fraction – 2 μm (SiO2 47.7 ± 1.9 wt.%, specific surface area 38 m2/g). Selected fractions were irradiated with accelerated electrons (5 MeV, ELU-4, Salaspils, absorbed dose up to 500 kGy). Non-irradiated and irradiated clays were analysed with means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry.
Surface Morphology of Single and Multi-Layer Silicon Nitride Dielectric Nano-Coatings on Silicon Dioxide and Polycrystalline Silicon
Authors: AVOTINA Liga , PAJUSTE Elina , ROMANOVA Marina , ENICHEK Gennady , ZASLAVSKIS Aleksandrs , KINERTE Valentina , AVOTINS Juris , DEHTJARS Yuri , KIZANE Gunta
Published: November 2019

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) in a form of single and multi-layer nanofilms is proposed to be used as a dielectric layer in nanocapacitors for operation in harsh environmental conditions. Characterization of surface morphology, roughness and chemical bonds of the Si3N4 coatings has an important role in production process as the surface morphology affects the contact surface with other components of the produced device. Si3N4 was synthesized by using low pressure chemical vapour deposition method and depositing single and multi-layer (3 – 5 layers) nanofilms on SiO2 and polycrystalline silicon (PolySi). The total thickness of the synthesized nanofilms was 20 – 60 nm. Surface morphology was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chemical bonds in the layers were identified by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) method. (From the SEM and AFM images it was estimated that both single and multi-layer coatings are deposited homogenously. Si-N breathing and stretching modes are observed in FTIR spectra and the surface morphology is highly dependent on PolySi, therefore suggesting the decrease of the roughness of the bottom electrode for use in the nanocapacitors.
The Dream of General Intellect
Authors: Picchi Taila ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

Within the workerist tradition the concept of general intellect theorised by Marx in the “Fragment on Machines” has framed a socio-political interpretation of Simondon capable of questioning the ongoing process of valorisation and subjectivation of living labour under capitalism. According to Virno (2003), Leonardi (2010) and Pasquinelli (2015), Simondon’s philosophy can provide the theoretical foundation for thinking new forms of political agency and cooperation. Their accounts rely on the concepts of transindividuality, individuation, and mecanology, in order to explore Post-Fordist concepts such as multitude, cognitive capitalism, and algorithmic governmentality. Through my reading of Simondon’s philosophy of technics, I will assess these interpretations and situate the issue of general intellect at the intersection of his notions of “technicity” and “information.” Hence, I aim to integrate workerist and post-workerist interpretations through the concepts of living information incorporated into machinery, and invention-power implied in the concept of technicity. This will eventually lead to the replacement of the Marxist opposition between living and dead labour by a conception of the machine as neither living nor dead.
El exilio como instrumento de política eclesiástica en la Antigüedad Tardía: el caso de los obispos fieles a Juan Crisóstomo según Paladio de Helenópolis y Sinesio de Cirene = Exile as Tool of Ecclesiastical Policy in Late Antiquity: The Case of the Loyal Bishops to John Chrysostom According to Palladius of Henenopolis and Synesius of Cyrene
Authors: Acerbi Silvia
Published: November 2019

En nuestro artículo intentamos añadir nuevos elementos al estudio de la praxis tardoantigua del exilio eclesiástico, a menudo utilizado como instrumento político por parte de obispos rivales. En particular analizamos, a través de algunas cartas del epistolario de Sinesio de Cirene, los exilios impuestos a los obispos que pertenecían al círculo de Juan Crisóstomo y que permanecieron fieles al obispo de Constantinopla después de su deposición en el sínodo de la Encina. Más en concreto estudiaremos el caso de uno de ellos -Alejandro de Cirene nombrado obispo de Basilinópolis en Bitinia - que ofrece informaciones muy valiosas sobre el status de un obispo exiliado y la consideración social que le rodeaba.AbstractIn this paper we will attempt to contribute new information to our knowledge of the practice of ecclesiastical exile in Late Antiquity, which was often used as a means of control by rival bishops. In particular, we will analyze the banishment imposed on bishops who belonged to the circle of John Chrysostom and who remained faithful to the bishop of Constantinople after his deposition in the Synod of the Oak through the study of a number of epistles of Synesius of Cyrene. More specifically, we will focus on the specific case of Alexander of Cyrene, who was appointed bishop of Basilinopolis in Bithynia, and who provides us with very valuable information regarding the standing of exiled bishops and their social standing.
Reseña de: Fredriksen, Paula, When Christians Were Jews. The First Generation
Authors: López Rasch Juan Cruz
Published: November 2019

Reseña de: Fredriksen, Paula, When Christians Were Jews. The First Generation, New Haven/London, Yale University Press, 2018, 272 pp., ISBN: 978-0-300-19051-9. Último libro de Paula Fredriksen. En la obra, se analiza la primera generación de cristianos. La tesis principal de la autora, es que los integrantes de este grupo se consideran a sí mismos como judíos.
Reseña de: Gregori, Gian Luca – Almagno, Giovanii, Roman Calendars: Imperial Birthdays, Victories and Triumph
Authors: Novillo López Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2019

Reseña de: Gregori, Gian Luca – Almagno, Giovanii, Roman Calendars: Imperial Birthdays, Victories and Triumphs, Beau-Bassin, LAP-Lambert Academic Publishing, 2019, 182 pp., ISBN: 978-613-9-44296-6.
Reseña de: Harris, William V., Roman Power. A Thousand Years of Empire
Authors: Vivas García Gustavo A.
Published: November 2019

Reseña de: Harris, William V., Roman Power. A Thousand Years of Empire, Cambridge University Press, 2019, Paperback, (primera edición 2016, Hardback), 357 pp., ISBN: 978-1-316-60666-7.
A Study on Farmers Knowledge about Crop Insurance Schemes in Northern Karnataka
Authors: Jamanal S. K. , Natikar K. V. , Halakatti S. V.
Published: November 2019

Agriculture production and farm income in India are frequently affected by natural disasters such as droughts, floods, cyclones, storms, landslides and earthquakes. In recent times, mechanisms like contract farming and future trading have been established which are expected to provide some insurance against price fluctuations directly or indirectly. But, agricultural insurance is considered as an important mechanism to address the risk of output and income effectively which is resulting from various natural and manmade events. The study was conducted in Karnataka State during the year 2017-18 by using “Ex-post- facto” research design. Belgavi, Dharwad, Haveri and Vijayapura districts were selected purposely based on more number of insured farmers. Further, two taluks from each district and from each taluk three villages (i.e. total 24 villages) were randomly selected. Sample size for the study was 240. Purposive sampling procedure was used. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression model were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that, 44.17 per cent of the insured farmers belonged to low knowledge level followed by medium (37.92%) and high (17.91%) level with respect to Crop Insurance Schemes. The variable ‘credit availed’ had positive and significant relationship at one per cent level of probability. The co-efficient of determination (R2) was 0.427 which indicated that 42.70 per cent of the variation in the knowledge level of insured farmers was together explained by all the independent variables. Thus, concerned officers should conduct awareness  programmes from time to time by using different extension teaching methods like trainings, workshops, distribution of pamphlets, road shows, advertisement through television, newspaper, radio, mobile SMS etc to enhance the knowledge level of farmers.
Spinal Accessory Dysfunction Following Neck Dissection with Harmonic Scalpel V/S Electrocautery – A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Kaushik Mitesh Chandra , . Sucheta , Malhotra Chanchal , Pawar Richa
Published: November 2019

Aims: This study is an effort towards comparing the efficacy of the Harmonic Focus and Electrosurgical technique with regard to nerve injury especially spinal accessory nerve and its morbidity postoperatively after neck dissection.

Sample: Ninety patients of oral carcinoma who required neck dissection were included in the study.

Study Design: This is a prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India for a period of 17 months from November 2016 to March 2018.

Methodology: Patients’ post-operative recovery was studied prospectively by using parameters pertaining to shoulder function and shoulder pain.

Results: There were significant differences in the pain and abduction deformity at various time periods after surgery. However differences in the quality of life did not show significant difference at the end of 3 months. For up to one month pain scores were lower for Harmonic Focus and shoulder function was better through 3 months.

Conclusion: Though the technique of neck dissection (harmonic v/s electro cautery) has significant impact on shoulder dysfunction, despite that in postoperative period shoulder function measured by way of shoulder pain and shoulder abduction recover almost fully during follow-up period without causing significant morbidity and with minimal effect on quality of life. There are few recommendations we would like to suggest that if incorporated, they might significantly affect the outcome and better results.
Growth, Yield and Seed Nutrient Quality of Soybean (Glycine max L.) as Affected by Organic, Biofertilizer and Synthetic Fertilizer Application
Authors: Samarakoon Dhanushi , Yapa Neelamanie
Published: November 2019

Pot experiment was carried out in dry zone of Sri Lanka in the year 2015 with the aim of investigating the effects of organic manure, biofertilizers and synthetic fertilizer application on growth, yield and seed nutrient quality of soybean (Glycine max L.). Treatments were  field soil only (T0), field soil and 5% biochar (T1), field soil and 5% cow dung (T2), field soil, 2.5% biochar and 2.5% cow dung (T3), field soil, 5% biochar and Bradyrhizobium (T4), field soil, 5% biochar and mycorrhizae (T5), field soil, 5% cow dung and Bradyrhizobium (T6) field soil, 5% cow dung and mycorrhizae (T7), field soil and synthetic fertilizer (T8), field soil, 2.5% cow dung 2.5% biochar and synthetic fertilizer (T9), field soil, 5% cow dung, mycorrhizae and Bradyrhizobium (T10), field soil, 5% biochar, mycorrhizae and Bradyrhizobium (T11). The treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six replicates.

The results indicated that application of organic and biofertilizers with synthetic fertilizers (T9) significantly (p<0.05) improved the relative growth rate, number of leaflets, root dry weight, shoot dry weight of soybean. However, soybean yield such as the number of pods and the dry weight of 100 seeds, was significantly high (p<0.05) with field soil, 5% cow dung, mycorrhizae and Bradyrhizobium (T10).  Higher seed protein percentage was observed in T10, fat percentage in T4 and crude fibre percentage in T8 treatments. In conclusion, the application of organic and biofertilizers together resulted in an improvement of the yield components and nutrient quality of soybean seeds, except for the case of crude fiber content which increased by the application of synthetic fertilizer. Overall, organic and biofertilizers could be used as efficient substitutes for synthetic fertilizers, without compromising the yield and nutrient quality of soybean.
CONVERGÊNCIAS DE PADRÕES DE INTEROPERABILIDADE PARA O FLUXO DE INFORMAÇÕES ENTRE AS REDES DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE NO PORTAL DO DATASUS
Authors: Freire Mainara , França Meirelles Rodrigo , Aragão Pedroza Cunha Francisco José
Published: November 2019

Fluxo de informação no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (SIS) são desenvolvidos para articular a rede de atenção à saúde (RAS). O e-SUS AB e o e-SUS Hospitalar são SIS componentes da RAS. Objetivo: identificar no portal do DATASUS estratégias entre e-SUS AB e o e-SUS Hospitalar convergentes com padrões do ePING para a articulação da RAS. Metodologia: pesquisa aplicada e qualiquantitativa, realizada entre 2017 e 2019. Um checklist foi aplicado no portal do DATASUS, relacionando aportes sobre fluxos de informação e interoperabilidade. Estatística Descritiva e Análise de Conteúdo são técnicas utilizadas para as informações levantadas. Resultados: o portal do DATASUS divulga ferramentas para transferência das informações. No entanto, não apresenta como essas ferramentas são utilizadas nos serviços de saúde. Consta, no portal, o Projeto de Interoperabilidade SOA-SUS, o e-SUS Hospitalar e o e-SUS AB, porém, sem relacioná-los. Conclusão: o portal do DATASUS demonstra uma informatização do SUS compatível com políticas atuais de informação em saúde, apesar de não explicitar a interação, entre SIS, relativa ao processo de referência e contra-referência. Disponibilizar o processo de informatização do SUS pode auxiliar na construção da estrutura entre SIS que promova a integralidade na RAS.
Lon domain‐containing protein 1 represses thioredoxin y2 and regulates ROS levels in Arabidopsis chloroplasts
Authors: Shin Jin Seok , Kim Soo Youn , So Won Mi , Noh Minsoo , Yoo Kyoung Shin , Shin Jeong Sheop
Published: November 2019

Plant thioredoxins (Trxs) act as antioxidants and function as redox regulators in the chloroplast. Although the regulation of ROS in chloroplasts is well elucidated, the precise regulation mechanism of Trx remains unknown. Here, we characterize a novel chloroplast protein, Lon domain‐containing protein 1 (LCP1), which contains only a Lon domain, the precise function of which is not known. We find that LCP1 interacts with Trx‐y2 and represses its activity, and that knockdown (KD) of LCP1 causes anther indehiscence due to deficient lignin deposition. In addition, LCP1 KD plants show less ROS accumulation and lower expression of ROS‐responsive marker genes than the wild‐type plant. Taken together, we suggest that LCP1 directly regulates Trx‐y2 and controls H2O2 levels and, thereby, regulates lignin polymerization in the anther endothecium.
Efficient Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes based on In(Zn)As–In(Zn)P–GaP–ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Wijaya Hadhi , Darwan Daryl , Zhao Xiaofei , Ong Evon Woan Yuann , Lim Kang Rui Garrick , Wang Tian , Lim Li Jun , Khoo Khoong Hong , Tan Zhi‐Kuang
Published: November 2019

Near‐infrared (NIR) lighting plays an increasingly important role in new facial recognition technologies and eye‐tracking devices, where covert and nonvisible illumination is needed. In particular, mobile or wearable gadgets that employ these technologies require electronic lighting components with ultrathin and flexible form factors that are currently unfulfilled by conventional GaAs‐based diodes. Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and emerging perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) may fill this gap, but generally employ restricted heavy metals such as cadmium or lead. Here, a new NIR‐emitting diode based on heavy‐metal‐free In(Zn)As–In(Zn)P–GaP–ZnS quantum dots is reported. The quantum dots are prepared with a giant shell structure, enabled by a continuous injection synthesis approach, and display intense photoluminescence at 850 nm with a high quantum efficiency of 75%. A postsynthetic ligand exchange to a shorter‐chain 1‐mercapto‐6‐hexanol (MCH) affords the QDs with processability in polar solvents as well as an enhanced charge‐transport performance in electronic devices. Using solution‐processing methods, an ITO/ZnO/PEIE/QD/Poly‐TPD/MoO3/Al electroluminescent device is fabricated and a high external quantum efficiency of 4.6% and a maximum radiance of 8.2 W sr−1 m−2 are achieved. This represents a significant leap in performance for NIR devices employing a colloidal III–V semiconductor QD system, and may find significant applications in emerging consumer electronic products.
Redox Tuning in Crystalline and Electronic Structure of Bimetal–Organic Frameworks Derived Cobalt/Nickel Boride/Sulfide for Boosted Faradaic Capacitance
Authors: Wang Qingyong , Luo Yumei , Hou Ruizuo , Zaman Shahid , Qi Kai , Liu Hongfang , Park Ho Seok , Xia Bao Yu
Published: November 2019

The development of efficient electrode materials is a cutting‐edge approach for high‐performance energy storage devices. Herein, an effective chemical redox approach is reported for tuning the crystalline and electronic structures of bimetallic cobalt/nickel–organic frameworks (Co‐Ni MOFs) to boost faradaic redox reaction for high energy density. The as‐obtained cobalt/nickel boride/sulfide exhibits a high specific capacitance (1281 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), remarkable rate performance (802.9 F g−1 at 20 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (92.1% retention after 10 000 cycles). An energy storage device fabricated with a cobalt/nickel boride/sulfide electrode exhibits a high energy density of 50.0 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 857.7 W kg−1, and capacity retention of 87.7% (up to 5000 cycles at 12 A g−1). Such an effective redox approach realizes the systematic electronic tuning that activates the fast faradaic reactions of the metal species in cobalt/nickel boride/sulfide which may shed substantial light on inspiring MOFs and their derivatives for energy storage devices.
Yb(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition/[3,3]‐Rearrangement of N‐Vinyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketonitrones with Methylenecycloprop‐anes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Nine‐Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Pan , Nong Cai‐Mei , Zhao Jie , Lu Xiuqiang , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: November 2019

We report a Yb(OTf)3‐catalyzed formal [7+2] cycloaddition for the preparation of nine‐membered N‐heterocycles bearing three stereocenters in good yields with high diastereoselectivity through a [3+2] cycloaddition/[3,3]‐rearrangement cascade strategy from N‐vinyl‐α,β‐unsaturated nitrones and methylenecyclopropanes. Preliminary studies show that the Yb(OTf)3 catalyst accelerates the reaction affording kinetically controlled cis‐diastereomers as the major products. The obtained nine‐membered N‐heterocycles are easily converted to useful derivatives for late‐stage modification.

magnified image
Archaic hominin introgression into modern human genomes
Authors: Gokcumen Omer
Published: November 2019

Ancient genomes from multiple Neanderthal and the Denisovan individuals, along with DNA sequence data from diverse contemporary human populations strongly support the prevalence of gene flow among different hominins. Recent studies now provide evidence for multiple gene flow events that leave genetic signatures in extant and ancient human populations. These events include older gene flow from an unknown hominin in Africa predating out‐of‐Africa migrations, and in the last 50,000–100,000 years, multiple gene flow events from Neanderthals into ancestral Eurasian human populations, and at least three distinct introgression events from a lineage close to Denisovans into ancestors of extant Southeast Asian and Oceanic populations. Some of these introgression events may have happened as late as 20,000 years before present and reshaped the way in which we think about human evolution. In this review, I aim to answer anthropologically relevant questions with regard to recent research on ancient hominin introgression in the human lineage. How have genomic data from archaic hominins changed our view of human evolution? Is there any doubt about whether introgression from ancient hominins to the ancestors of present‐day humans occurred? What is the current view of human evolutionary history from the genomics perspective? What is the impact of introgression on human phenotypes?
Effect of different healing stages on stable isotope ratios in skeletal lesions
Authors: Curto Ana , Mahoney Patrick , Maurer Anne‐France , Barrocas‐Dias Cristina , Fernandes Teresa , Fahy Geraldine E.
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Physiological stress is one of the various factors that can have an impact on stable isotope ratios. However, its effect on bone collagen stable isotope ratios is still not fully understood. This study aims to build on previous research on how different disease stages may affect bone collagen stable isotope ratios.

Materials and Methods

Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios were assessed in 33 skeletons that retained evidence of infectious disease and healed fractures. Samples were taken from active lesions (long bones n = 14; ribs n = 4), healed lesions (long bones n = 10; ribs n = 9), or a fracture callus (long bones n = 9; ribs n = 3). Results were compared to stable isotope ratios calculated for regions on these bones that did not retain evidence of disease or fracture.

Results

Long bones with active lesions had a significantly higher average δ15N (δ15N = 11.1 ± 0.9‰) compared to those without lesions (δ15N = 10.7 ± 0.7‰; p = .02), while fracture calluses showed the largest range for both δ15N and δ13C. There were no significant differences in stable isotope ratios when compared between nonlesion and lesion sites in the ribs.

Discussion

The increase in δ15N seen in active lesions, when compared with δ15N from nonlesion regions on the same long bone, may be a consequence of altered protein metabolism. The high variability of δ15N and δ13C in fractures may be related to different healing stages of the calluses. This study suggests that stable isotope data can contribute information about diseases in the past, as well as an individual's response to diseases in the absence of modern medicine and antibiotics.
A Synthetic Bioinspired Carbohydrate Polymer with Mucoadhesive Properties
Authors: Balijepalli Anant S. , Sabatelle Robert C. , Chen Mingfu , Suki Bela , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: November 2019

Mucoadhesive polymers are of significant interest to the pharmaceutical, medical device, and cosmetic industries. Polysaccharides possessing charged functional groups, such as chitosan, are known for mucoadhesive properties but suffer from poor chemical definition and solubility, while the chemical synthesis of polysaccharides is challenging with few reported examples of synthetic carbohydrate polymers with engineered‐in ionic functionality. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a synthetic, cationic, enantiopure carbohydrate polymer inspired by the structure of chitosan. These water‐soluble, cytocompatible polymers are prepared via an anionic ring‐opening polymerization of a bicyclic β‐lactam sugar monomer. The synthetic method provides control over the site of amine functionalization and the length of the polymer while providing narrow dispersities. These well‐defined polymers are mucoadhesive as documented in single‐molecule scale (AFM), bulk solution phase (FRAP), and ex vivo tissue experiments. Polymer length and functionality affects bioactivity as long, charged polymers display higher mucoadhesivity than long, neutral polymers or short, charged polymers.