bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation cases of 1959 on religious buildings as a repressive measure against church parishes
Authors: Nikonov Vadim
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the events connected with the next aggravation of church-state relations in the late 1950s. The author focuses on the organization of work on the inventory of property of church parishes, which was carried out in 1959. The Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church. All parishes operating in the post-war period were subject to revision. In order to implement this project, the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church developed standard forms with questions for distribution through its commissioners for parishes of all regions, territories and autonomous republics of the USSR. The questionnaires were based on the form of pre-revolutionary clear sheets. The forms filled out by the staff of the parishes were the so-called "Observation cases for religious buildings (premises) belonging to religious associations (communities)." Almost all of these documents have been preserved in the archives. The observational cases on the temples of the Moscow region were postponed in the Central State Archive of the Moscow Region (TSGAMO) in the fund 7383 (Authorized by the Council for Religious Affairs under the USSR Council of Ministers for the Moscow Region).The author comes to the conclusion that the inventory of parish property in the 1950s was of a repressive nature, due to the fact that the purpose of the whole event was to increase economic pressure on the Church as a whole and on the basic element of the church structure - the parish. In addition, the documents that compiled the Observation Files show that simultaneously with the information about the material values owned by religious associations, the authorities once again attempted to monitor all church activities at the parish level – to find out the extent of the religiosity of the population and the degree of its involvement in church life. The article is based on archival materials, a number of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
On the strategy of emphasizing disruptive computer-based approaches when teaching astronomy to promote related careers
Authors: O Barau´na Luan , R Rosa Reinaldo
Published: August 2023

The knowledge attained in the last decades in space physics, and in particular in Astronomy, has attracted, in part due to its associated computational innovation components, the attention of young students all over the world. Thus, both teaching and the scientific dissemination of knowledge in these areas should seek to guide, based on this interdisciplinary characteristic, talented young people towards related careers. By introducing Space Physics and Astronomy as data-driven sciences, and with a high dependence on computer simulation and disruptive technologies, we make the research and development activities associated with them even more attractive. In this article we highlight the program called Decolar Astronomia (DA), an initiative carried out in the city of S˜aoJos´e dos Campos, SP, Brazil. In the DA 2022 edition, eight activities were formulated with the aim of emphasizing the relevance of computational knowledge in space sciences with an emphasis on 21st century Astronomy. In addition to describing the activities that were applied under DA-2022, we present a more general strategy that can be applied by any other program. This strategy emphasizes computational aspects (such as data-driven science and disruptive technologies) related to Astronomy, in motivating teaching programs for young students. The expected result, after applying this strategy, is that the interest in Astronomy and related careers becomes even greater.
The cosmic big-bang: how could mankind escape from it?
Authors: J Fahr Hans
Published: August 2023

When modern people these days ask, how did the universe come up at all and how did it evolve, then the answer given to them by cosmologists is: By the Big-Bang! - That gigantic, big initial explosion of cosmic matter - an explosive event at which cosmic matter was created at an incredibly high density and temperature driving with the inherent incredibly high pressure this matter apart of eachother till the present times, when one finds the universe with all its contents in a big Hubble expansion dynamics. This answer, however, provokes the question, how later then organized, organic matter, like especially also mankind, could escape from this inferno? All the more, since relativistic material pressure also does effectively gravitate and thus just impedean explosion. This question as we shall show here has an astonishing answer: This only could happen by a pressure of an unusual type that is not connected with matter, but with a pressurized, cosmic vacuum.
Integrated assessment of bulls of precocious meat breeds of English selection in the conditions of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Grain Crops NAAS, 14 Volodymyra Vernadskoho str., 14, Dnipro, 49009, Ukraine, Kozyr V. S.
Published: August 2023

An integrated assessment of the productivity of precocious Hereford and Aberdeen Angus beef bulls of English breeding in the Ukraine Steppe zone conditions was carried out. It has been established that livestock from the seaside climate have adapted to the dry, hot environment of the Steppe zone, as evidenced by the clinical indicators of the animals’ bodies. Livestock developed harmoniously, external measurements and indices of body structure were within the limits of breed standards. Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds bulls under pasture-free maintenance and rearing conditions for up to 2.5 years at the end of fattening had high productivity — 688 and 531 kg of body weight, respectively. The bulls were with a harmoniously developed body and perfectly expressed meat forms. The bulls were of compact build with a developed deep chest, a full back part of the body, which is characteristic of cattle with a strong constitution and potentially high meat productivity. The relative growth rate of the bulls during the study was in the range of 19–22%. Therefore, Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds are the future of meat cattle breeding in Ukraine to increase the production of high-quality “marble” beef. Compared to Aberdeen Angus, Herefords differ in slightly larger habit, massiveness, growth energy, feed conversion, slaughter indicators, balanced morphological composition of carcasses, meatiness ratio. Absolute and relative increases in body weight confirm the high genetic potential of meat productivity — 18–24-month-old bulls have reached sales conditions. Today, their number is small, and reproduction requires a certain amount of time and money, so we believe that the breeding period can be extended to 30 months. In the period of formation of the meat cattle breeding industry, it is possible to raise young animals up to 30 months of age without deterioration of slaughter performance and culinary and taste qualities of beef in accordance with consumer requirements.
The effect of the nimesulide and a new 4-thiazolidinone derivative on hematological parameters in the conditions of an experimental inflammatory process
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska str., Lviv, 79010, Ukraine, Rumynska T. M. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stusa str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

The aim of the work was to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of a newly synthesized drug from the group of 4-thiazolidinones. Thus, a comparative study of the effect of two agents was conducted: the drug Les6490 and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide. This drug belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Nimesulide belongs to highly selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and its isoenzymes (COX-2) and is used for treatment in various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. The newly synthesized compound Les6490 belongs to the group of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives. The thiazolidinone ring is part of many existing potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents, and can be combined with pyrazole fragments, which are pharmacophores of the same structure, and can contribute to increased therapeutic efficacy. The study of the peculiarities of hematological changes in rats during the experimental reproduction of the associated inflammatory process using the Freund’s adjuvant model has been conducted. As a result of the study of anti-inflammatory activity based on hematological indicators of the drugs — a new synthesized derivative of 4-thiazolidinones and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide — their anti-inflammatory activity was revealed, which can be considered comparable to the slight advantage of the drug Les6490. At the same time, without affecting the quantitative level of erythrocytes with isolated administration, under the conditions of the inflammatory process, nimesulide and Les6490 caused a significant increase in the total number of erythrocytes. No effect on the amount of erythrocytes was found. The analysis of leukocyte formula suggests the evidence that the activity of Les6490 from the group of 4-thiazolidinones is to some extent more pronounced than the activity of nimesulide. The most pronounced changes in the leukocyte formula during AF-induced inflammation were observed on the part of neutrophils: the effect of the studied substance Les6490 was more pronounced compared to the effect of nimesulide. The introduction of the new compound Les6490 partially caused the normalization of monocytes, and under the conditions of the AF-associated inflammatory process, no significant changes were observed.
The Theme of Historical Memory in the Discourse and Practice of Parliamentary Parties in Russia: Federal and Regional Levels
Authors: Bakhlova Olga V. , Bakhlov Igor V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. An integral part of the general historical memory of Russia as the state-successor of the Soviet Union is the memory about the Soviet past. In the light of the intensification of attempts by the influential international actors to falsify and revise the modern history, the creation of its integral picture, equivalent and non-controversial for the authorities and society, is of particular relevance. The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of the representation of the topic of historical memory by the parliamentary parties of the Russian Federation at the present stage.

Materials and Methods. The key research methods are comparative, synchronous analysis, traditional and discourse analysis of documents. The most important materials are normative legal acts and conceptual and strategic documents of the Russian Federation, program documents of parliamentary parties of Russia, information posted on their official websites, as well as in the System of Legislative Support. Totally they made it possible to verify the principled positions and probable directions of the formation of the state policy of the memory of Russia, taking into account the need to implement the continuity of the national statehood.

Results. Similar and distinctive features in the interpretation of the Soviet past in the party discourse, semantic images and plots are revealed. The main initiatives and actions of the Russian parliamentary parties and their regional branches in the Republic of Mordovia for the preservation of historical memory are characterized; their participation in the development and implementation of historical and patriotic projects is shown. The party practices are emphasized in the plane of protecting the historical truth about the Great Patriotic War and the feat of the Soviet people. The predominant activity of the “old” parliamentary parties in the area under consideration has been found.

Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research has demonstrated the ambiguity of the status of parliamentary parties as mnemonic actors and articulates significant gaps in the interpretation and promotion of positively filled memorial narratives in relation to the Soviet past. Its results can be useful to public authorities and public associations of various levels, contribute to the development and implementation of appropriate decisions and strategies for political positioning, strategic national priorities of the Russian Federation.
The Average Wage in the North-West Federal District: An Assessment of Territorial Disparities on a Settlement Level
Authors: Prokopyev Egor A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Effective management of regional socioeconomic development processes is not possible without an objective understanding of impact on the economy exerted by internal territorial disparities. The lack of open data in the official statistics concerning settlements and displaying such a basic indicator as an average wage does not contribute to the task also. For the first time, the suggested solution of the following problem is to use an alternative source of data ‒ Russian form of personal income tax (5-NDFL) tax reports. The goal of the article is to determine territorial disparities between average wages on the settlement level in the North-West Federal District.

Materials and Methods. The research covers all municipalities of the North-West Federal District from 2015 to 2020. Average wages in urban and rural settlements, municipal districts and city districts were calculated based on the analysis of 7947 5-NDFL tax reports. A comparison was made with the data from the official statistics. The coefficient of variation and the Gini index were calculated for each area and the North-West District in whole as well as the difference between progressive and regressive types of average wages. Mappings were made for selected municipal areas.

Results. Based on the data extracted from 5-NDFL forms, the research suggests a method of average wage calculation in municipalities. The proof is given that the following tax reports can be viewed as an appropriate source of data for determination of income inequality in case of settlements. It is established that territorial disparities in the Federal District have decreased due to the slight growth of average and median wages. Through the example of selected municipal districts, the research displays the existing difference in wages amid urban and rural settlements and also indicates the decisive role of the area center in the consolidated regional scores.

Discussion and Conclusion. A comparative analysis of inequality indicators in wages has revealed higher values of territorial disparities at the settlement level. In practical terms, the transition from district values of indicators to settlement values in the state monitoring system makes it possible to increase the objectivity of assessing ongoing processes and improve the quality of managerial decision-making.
Social Adaptation of the Elderly to Digital Transformation of Society: The Sociological Research in Hanoi Capital and Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)
Authors: Nguyen Hoang H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The population aging in Hanoi Capital and Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) coincides with the development of the 4th Industrial Revolution and digital transformation. The article aims to analyze the current state of social adaptation of elderly people in Vietnam to the digital transformation of society through their attitudes and levels of accessing and using to certain types of digital technologies in the economic, political, social and cultural field.

Materials and Methods. The sociological survey of 984 elderly people in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City was conducted from May to September 2022. SPSS version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis and quantitative testing. The national census reports and population aging data were also analyzed.

Results. Elderly people are poorly aware of the function and usefulness of some digital technologies, although this technologies are quite popular, necessary, and even created only for them. Therefore, they do not have good access to them. The main reasons are ignorance, the absence of help and guidance. However, elderly people believe that digital technologies will help them live happier and more convenient.

Discussion and Conclusion. Equipping the younger generation with digital knowledge and skills is a necessary preparation for the goal of “active aging” in digital era. The government needs more relevant projects to improve the social adaptation of elderly people; pay attention to the best solution to the digital divide for elderly people being in rural area, poor group, low education and living alone. The results of this article provide some important implications for state agencies, elderly associations, family institutions and the elderly. This results will supply ideas to build necessary solutions and policies for the elderly in the digital era.
La responsabilidad social universitaria: una mirada desde la percepción estudiantil en el Trabajo Comunal Universitario Empodero de la Sede del Atlántico
Authors: Mora Blanca Sojo
Published: August 2023

Con el fin de determinar el sentido de responsabilidad social adquirido por estudiantes universitarios al finalizar el Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU), se realizó una investigación mixta en la que se describen y cuantifican frecuencias de respuesta dadas por el estudiantado. Participaron 26 estudiantes, cada persona realizó 300 horas de intervención en comunidad y una vez terminado su aporte completaron un cuestionario. Como principal resultado se encontró un cambio en la percepción del estudiantado al concluir el TCU, mostrando mayor conciencia y compromiso ante la responsabilidad social. Además, se evidencia que la participación estudiantil en proyectos sociales como el TCU durante la educación superior les permite conocer las necesidades sociales existentes y valorar posibles aportes desde sus áreas de estudio. Se concluye que el TCU contribuye en la formación de profesionales responsables con el bien común.
Impacto del Covid 19 en las Pymes de Guápiles de Pococí al 2020
Authors: Cerdas González Rosa Julia , Gómez Meléndez Agustín
Published: August 2023

En marzo del 2020 Costa Rica declaró estado de emergencia en todo el territorio nacional por motivo de la propagación de la COVID-19, desde entonces, se han implementado acciones para impedir su propagación. Estas medidas han impactado en forma especial a las PYMES. Conocer el nivel de impacto, producto de las medidas sanitarias que han sufrido la PYMES de Guápiles de Pococí es el objetivo de esta investigación. A nivel metodológico, se desarrolló un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo. Para tales efectos, se realizó un sondeo, mediante una encuesta de tipo digital que fue remitida a un total de 76 PYMES de la zona con el propósito de caracterizar e identificar desde su propia percepción el impacto de la pandemia sobre la operación y continuidad de los negocios. Entre los principales resultados se logró identificar que: i) existe un balance de género entre las personas propietarias, ii) las empresas mayoritariamente corresponden a microempresas con más de cinco años de existencia y, iii) la mayoría de las empresas que realizaban ventas directas sufrieron afectaciones en las mismas, por ello, realizaron combinaciones para enfrentar la crisis con reducciones de planilla, de jornadas laborales y suspensión de contratos. Se concluye que las medidas sanitarias implementadas han impactado significativamente al sector empresarial, particularmente en los niveles de ventas, empleabilidad, capacidad de enfrentar las deudas, relación con proveedores y uso de recursos para brindar continuidad en la operación. Igualmente, se determinó la importancia de definir políticas públicas enfocadas a potenciar la actividad productiva de las PYMES.
A needs analysis for an english for occupational purposes (EOP) accounting course
Authors: Blanco Navarro Randal Esteban
Published: August 2023

The teaching of English for occupational purposes relies on the insights that a detailed needs analysis on the student-client population provides. The following paper reports the findings of a Needs Analysis conducted on the occupational purposes of accountants in Golfito county in the southern region of Costa Rica, describes the participant population, and narrates the historical development of this academic project. Some NA theoretical principles have been considered during the design and implementation of questionnaires, interviews, a desk analysis, and a focus group. The main objective has been to identify the communicative target situations that accountants and accounting employees face in their workplaces in this rural area. Therefore, adult learners with diverse English language proficiency levels enriched this NA by answering three questionnaires, providing two interviews, and contributing in a focus group. The main findings include the participants’ needs to explain financial statements in English, boost their L2 accounting vocabulary, and describe Costa Rican tax procedures to their stakeholders, especially those who are foreign business owners. In brief, this paper yields promising insights on their occupational needs that would support the language curriculum design process of a twelve-week EOP accounting course.
Mirtilo (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cv. Powderblue
Authors: Radünz André Luiz , Herter Flávio Gilberto , Radünz Marjana , Scariot Maurício Albertoni , Ducatti Rafael Dal Bosco , Silva Ana Carolina Sampaio , Castro Willian Floriano Carvalho de , Silva Vanessa Neumann , Tironi Siumar Pedro , Radünz Lauri Lourenço
Published: August 2023

O cultivo do mirtilo tem atraído atenção devido ao seu perfil bioativo, e potencial antioxidante, sendo que suas características produtivas influenciam no número e na qualidade dos frutos produzidos. O objetivo foi avaliar as características produtivas e sua influência no perfil físico-químico do mirtilo cv. Powderblue por dois anos. Observou-se maior número de botões florais intercalados com botões vegetativos no nível apical. Os primórdios florais foram encontrados em maior número nos níveis medial e apical do caule e influenciaram as posições de flores e frutos que foram encontrados em maior quantidade no nível apical do caule. Em ambas as safras, os frutos localizados no nível apical apresentaram maior teor de sólidos solúveis, compostos fenólicos, antocianinas, potencial antioxidante, pH e menor acidez do que os frutos localizados nos níveis mediano e basal. A posição dos botões florais e vegetativos impacta o nível e o número de primórdios florais, flores e frutos, e está diretamente relacionada à atividade antioxidante, compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas totais e parâmetros físico-químicos dos frutos.
Brincar de pensar
Authors: Souza Mariana Jantsch de , Teixeira Luiza Stertz , Royer Maria Laura Rosa e , Soares Gabriel Schwendler
Published: August 2023

Neste texto, compartilhamos uma experiência extensionista realizada como atividade curricular por estudantes do ensino médio integrado ao ensino técnico. Intitulada “Filosofinhos: brincar de pensar”, a ação teve como objetivo desenvolver a criticidade em estudantes do quarto ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública, a partir de eixos temáticos relacionados à área da filosofia que estimulassem e valorizassem a curiosidade do ser humano. Realizamos uma abordagem interdisciplinar que relaciona filosofia e a realidade cultural e social do público-alvo, tendo como aporte teórico a Pedagogia da Curiosidade, de Paulo Freire. Acreditamos que esta ação de extensão possibilitou a realização de experiências de aprendizagem significativas de modo a ampliar o horizonte de compreensão acerca da filosofia e suas relações interdisciplinares. Entendemos que contribuímos para o desenvolvimento de uma postura crítica, questionadora, curiosa e protagonista dos/nos processos de aprendizagem. A ação colaborou para o estreitamento de laços afetivos com o ambiente institucional de ensino, os quais foram severamente abalados ao longo do período pandêmico em todos os espaços educacionais.
Todd LeVasseur, Climate Change, Religion, and Our Bodily Future
Authors: Hartman Matthew R
Published: August 2023

Todd LeVasseur, Climate Change, Religion, and Our Bodily Future (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021), xxxii + 181 pp., $95.00 (cloth), ISBN: 9781498534550.
Terra Schwerin Rowe, Of Modern Extraction: Experiments in Critical Petro-theology
Authors: Janzen Rebecca
Published: August 2023

Terra Schwerin Rowe, Of Modern Extraction: Experiments in Critical Petro-theology (New York: T&T Clark, 2023), 200 pp., $115 (hbk), ISBN: 9780567708342.
S. Lily Mendoza and George Zachariah (eds.), Decolonizing Ecotheology: Indigenous and Subaltern Challenges
Authors: Clark Jawanza Eric
Published: August 2023

S. Lily Mendoza and George Zachariah (eds.), Decolonizing Ecotheology: Indigenous and Subaltern Challenges (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2022), 292 pp., $40 (pbk), ISBN: 9781725286405.
Hilary Marlow and Mark Harris (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Bible and Ecology
Authors: Werner Sarah
Published: August 2023

Hilary Marlow and Mark Harris (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Bible and Ecology (New York: Oxford University Press, 2022), 478pp., $150 (hbk), ISBN: 9780190606732.
Kształtowanie instytucji pomocy społecznej w warunkach niebytu polityki społecznej państwa
Authors: Zbyrad Teresa
Published: August 2023

We live in an institutionalized society. We can’t imagine life without institutions, which satisfy almost all human needs. Among the most important are educational, health, security, religious, social, economic or welfare needs. Especially when it comes to the latter, can we imagine the modern world without hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, orphanages, etc.? The content of the article focuses on the functioning of a so-ciety without social welfare institutions. It covers the role of the family, the period of charity and philanthropy, the stages of the formation of institutions, the first at-tempts, struggles and imperfections of the social welfare system.
Stres i wypalenie zawodowe pracowników socjalnych
Authors: Wojtanowicz Katarzyna , Dąbrowska Beata
Published: August 2023

The challenges faced by social workers carrying out social work in Poland are mainly aimed at making a change in clients, adapting them to their roles, helping them to find their competences and develop their skills. Working with clients is often a source of stress for social workers and thus may lead to experiencing professional burnout syndrome. As the characteristics of the phenomenon show, professional burnout can affect any social worker, but an important factor is at what stage we start to counteract its effects. The main factors in counteracting professional burnout are interventions to minimise stressors in the workplace and to improve workers’ skills in coping with stress in difficult situations. One such factor is subjecting social work to regular super-vision. Reducing worker stress and counteracting professional burnout are indicated as one of the main benefits for the use of supervision in social work.
Podejście skoncentrowane na rozwiązaniach w doskonaleniu warsztatu zawodowego pracowników socjalnych na poziomie akademickim
Authors: Leśniak-Berek Ewa
Published: August 2023

The solution-focused approach belongs to the catalogue of the so-called new direc-tions of development of social work. Although it has been present in Poland for nearly 25 years, it is still an undiscovered and rarely practised model by many social workers. The text presents the basic assumptions and key features of the approach. The article’s main aim is to look at the readiness of students of the social work field of the Univer-sity of Silesia in Katowice to apply the model in their future professional career.
Metody readaptacji młodzieży zagrożonej marginalizacją i wykluczeniem społecznym. Perspektywa empiryczna
Authors: Łukaszewski Bartosz
Published: August 2023

Following article is focused on the analysis of the methods of youth’s at risk of social exclusion readaptation. In this context in the range of identifying the risky and pro-tective factors there were used the theories such as emerging adulthood, general strain theory (GST) and the resilience category. The empirical layer was based on the results of research carried on the premises of the Youth Club “Alternatywa”, protective-spe-cialistic day care facility. In this light there were used the survey questionnaires which were the base of correlative, inter-variables analysis (statistically significant also), content analysis of the open questions in the questionnaires and the SWOT analysis scheme.
Adaptive Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression estimators utilizing some non-traditional and robust measures: a numerical application of British food data
Authors: SHAHZAD Usman , AHMAD Ishfaq , ALMANJAHİE Ibrahim M , AL – NOOR Nadia H. , HANİF Muhammad
Published: August 2023

In nonparametric regression research, estimation of regression function is a prime concern. Recently, researchers developed some modified Nadaraya-Watson (N-W) regression estimators utilizing robust mean, median and harmonic mean. In this paper, we propose to utilize the additive combination of non-traditional measures i.e. (Hodges-Lehmann, Mid-Range, Tri-Mean, Quartile-Deviation) with the robust minimum covariance determinant (MCD) scale estimator in (N-W) regression estimator. Utilizing these measures, we get some new versions of (N-W) regression estimator. We also attempted to derive the properties of the proposed versions, such as bias, variance, mean square error (MSE), and mean integrated square error (MISE). The proposed estimators are compared with some of the existing estimators available in literature through a simulation study, utilizing two artificial populations. We also incorporated real-life application by taking British food data set denoted as Engel95, and assess the predictive ability of nonparametric regression, based on proposed and existing N-W estimators.
The Procedural Status of the Prosecutor at the Stage of Affirming an Indictment
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kakhkhorov Davlatali , Shinkaruk Vladimir ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The authors of the paper have studied the latest changes to the law of criminal procedure and analyzed the law enforcement practice concerning the procedural position of the prosecutor at the stage of affirming an indictment during pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases. In the scientific literature, controversial disputes regarding the implementation of procedural functions (the types of activities) by the prosecutor when affirming an indictment do not subside. Recently, the formal and superficial attitude of the investigator to the preparation of an important final procedural document has not allowed process scientists to stay indifferent to this issue. Special attention is paid by the authors to the implementation of the administrative powers of the prosecutor when studying the materials of a criminal case with an indictment. In the process of studying this problem, the authors set a goal to determine the role of the prosecutor in the implementation of procedural functions (the types of activities) when affirming an indictment. Methods. In the course of the research, the following methods of scientific cognition are applied: analysis, synthesis, comparative legal analysis. Results. Some theoretical problems requiring careful analysis have been identified, as well as the gaps in the law of criminal procedure regarding the implementation by the prosecutor of his procedural functions (the types of activities) when studying the materials of the criminal case received with an indictment. Conclusions. The most optimal and effective procedural models of the relationship between the prosecutor and the investigator at the end of the preliminary investigation, especially when affirming an indictment, have been developed.
The Features of Criminal Proceedings in Cases of Rehabilitation of Nazism Committed Using the Internet
Authors:   Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot (the Ryazan branch), Rabazanov Sirazhutdin , Romashova Marina ,   Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot (the Ryazan branch)
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The topic of bringing to criminal responsibility persons who commit crimes aimed at the rehabilitation of Nazism in the modern military-political conditions of the struggle against Ukraine where Nazism has spread in the most cynical form, is particularly relevant. The prospects for a change in the situation are still not observed; the political situation at the international level indicates the spread of the ideas of the superiority of one race or nation over other peoples and cultures which poses a threat to world and regional security. The purpose is to identify gaps and contradictions in the criminal procedure legislation and the difficulties of law enforcement practice in the investigation of criminal cases on the rehabilitation of Nazism, and to formulate proposals to improve the regulatory framework and the organization of law enforcers’ work in this direction. Methods. In the course of the study, such methods of cognition as formal-legal (the study of the norms of law), concrete-sociological and comparative-legal were applied. Results. The paper offers options for correcting legal deficiencies and eliminating ambiguities in law enforcement practice in the investigation of criminal cases on the rehabilitation of Nazism. Conclusions. The suggestions and recommendations set out in the paper are aimed at developing uniform investigative and judicial practice and can be used in teaching criminal law disciplines, as well as in the practical activities of employees of preliminary investigation bodies, prosecutor’s office and courts.
Meta-Legal Categories in the General Theory of Law and International Legal Studies (Brief Historiography of the Issue)
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod, Karakulyan Emil
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The paper carries out a review of the main theoretical positions aimed at finding alternative bases for meta-legal research; raises the question about the appropriateness of using meta-legal categories without taking into account the context of disciplinary differences. Purpose is to determine the context of using meta-legal categories in the science of international law. Methods. The research uses the general scientific methods of historicism, systematicity, analysis, as well as the comparative legal method. Results. The restrictive limits of using meta-legal categories are determined. Conclusions. The justification of meta-legal categories is connected with solving the issue of the legal status of the international community, taking into account the differences in the legal systems, as well as the civilizational factor.
The Implementation of the Agrarian Legislation of the Russian Empire in the Latter Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century: The Practice of Resettlement Policy
Authors:   Moscow Humanitarian University, Dyusyupova Almagul
Published: August 2023

Introduction. In the paper, the author analyzes the implementation of the agrarian legislation of the Russian Empire in the latter half of the 19th and early 20th centuries and examines the practice of resettlement policy. The author concludes that the agrarian and resettlement policies merged into a single whole: the sale of plots gave the peasants the initial material capital, and the expansion of the resettlement movement and the consistent regulation by the state provided an opportunity for former community members to move to the vacant lands on the outskirts of the Russian Empire. The purpose is to show that resettlement was a large-scale part of the general agrarian policy aimed at improving the welfare of the Russian peasant economy. The methods of scientific cognition, comparative analysis, statistical, historical, and systemic analyses are used. Results. In the context of modern global transformations, it is extremely important to study different models of the development of marginal and annexed territories and their inclusion in the common legal space and economic life. Conclusions. The centuries-old neighborhood with other ethnic groups has become for Russia a colossal experience in the formation of a tolerant society.
The Organizational and Legal Fundamentals for Increasing Election Turnout
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Latypova Natalia , Gareeva Regina ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The paper discusses some problematic aspects of the elections, which entail a low turnout of the electorate. The data analysis of the voter turnout in 2021 is carried out, and the peculiarities of implementing the electoral right in the conditions of the digital transformation of society and the system of remote electronic voting are investigated. The purpose is to analyze the problematic aspects of the procedure for the elections and propose ways to improve the electoral legislation and law enforcement practice. Materials and methods. The authors have studied the social relations that develop in the process of organizing and conducting elections using the statistical data of the non-governmental analytical organization “Levada-Center” (recognized as a foreign agent). The methodological framework for the research comprises the general scientific and special methods of cognition: dialectical, comparative legal, formal logical (analysis and synthesis), as well as the statistical method. Results. The circumstances contributing to an increase in the electorate’s turnout, as well as increasing the confidence of citizens in remote electronic voting, are identified. Discussion and conclusion. Some scientific and methodological recommendations for improving the organizational and legal fundamentals in the field of constitutional law implementation are proposed.
Internet Space and Artificial Intelligence: Problems of the Regulation of Latent Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Goncharov Alexander , Goncharova Marina ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Volgograd branch)
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The authors explore the problems of carrying out a special type of entrepreneurial activity: the advertising of goods and services by public media individuals on the Internet through their personal accounts in social networks. Formally, these individuals are not individual entrepreneurs; they mention certain goods and services indirectly in the process of communicating with other users of social networks. Such an advertising business is based on the analysis and accumulation of users’ search queries, because of which special computer algorithms are launched and instantly give the user numerous answers and offers about goods and services. In the current period, such remote services on the Internet are provided to users using artificial intelligence. The purpose is to identify the place and quality features of advertising goods and services by public media individuals on the Internet through their personal accounts in social networks in modern Russian entrepreneurship. Methods. The study is carried out based on a materialistic worldview and the general scientific method of historical materialism. The general scientific methods of cognition are applied: the dialectical, hypothetical-deductive methods, generalization, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, and empirical description. Specific scientific methods are used: dogmatic, comparative legal, hermeneutic, structural-functional, etc. Results. Some problems in the use of artificial intelligence are identified, and the features of the legal responsibility of a person who owns this computer and software resource as a person who is an employer from the standpoint of labor law are revealed. It is proposed to legislate a special entrepreneurial status of “self-employed on the information and telecommunication network Internet.” A variant of a special tax regime for such business activities is proposed. Conclusions. It is substantiated that public media individuals who have continuous Internet communications with other persons in the amount of at least 1 million persons on average per year should, by virtue of the law, be endowed with a special entrepreneurial status, provided that they do not have a written refusal to advertise. The compliance with such a refusal and the actual failure of a public media person to carry out advertising activities on social networks can be controlled using artificial intelligence.
A Special Procedure for the Trial in the Context of Modern Civilizational Transformations of Procedural and Legal Approaches
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Manova Nina , Solovieva Natalya ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2023

Introduction. In accordance with the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the hearing and resolution of criminal cases are allowed not only according to the traditional procedure clearly outlined by the criminal procedure legislation but also in a simplified form that is enshrined in law as a special procedure for the trial (Chapters 40 and 40.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation). Special procedures for the trial have been used in the world for settling criminal law conflicts, and they fit perfectly into the modern Russian criminal process based on a balance of interests and procedural economy. However, it is also obvious that they are deprived of the essential sign of justice – the hearing of the case on the merits – regulate sentencing without trial, and are accompanied by some problems not only of a procedural but also of a moral nature. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to identify how a special procedure for the trial is able to ensure lawful and reasonable sentencing, and the defendant’s right to be acquitted if the prosecution does not provide a sufficient amount of reliable evidence of his guilt. Methods. The methodological framework for the research is made up of the general scientific methods (dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, logical, etc.) and the specific scientific methods (formal-legal, comparative-legal, etc.). Results. The analysis showed that the legislative provision states that a judge must carefully study the materials of a criminal case when preparing for the trial and must interrogate the defendant to establish his attitude to the charge and his true intentions when filing a petition for the hearing of the case. This is necessary to avoid unlawful sentencing. Conclusions. The main difference between the general and special procedures for the trial is that, if in the first one, reasonable sentencing and the defendant’s right to be acquitted are ensured by the research and evaluation during the trial of the evidence presented by the parties, then in the second one, there is only the possibility of switching to the general procedure for considering a criminal case. The court's careful preliminary study of the evidence presented by the investigation bodies and identification of their possible inconsistencies when appointing the case for the trial helps to prevent cases of unlawful conviction due to the refusal of a special procedure for considering the case.
Expert Technologies as a Factor Determining the Evidence Base in the Investigation of Environmental Crimes
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Yakovleva Olga
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Practical activities are known to be determined by the worked out theoretical developments, technologies in a particular area. Technology is a set of methods of working with any objects in the course of a certain professional activity to achieve its results. In accordance with this, expert technology can be defined as a set of operations carried out in a certain sequence, the actions performed on the basis of special knowledge, due to the study of any objects that are evidence, to find the answers to questions posed to the expert. The purpose is to analyze issues related to the features of expert technologies in the field of environmental crime. Methods. The methodological framework for the study includes a whole range of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the methods of system analysis and synthesis are of fundamental importance. Results. The paper presents an analysis of the structural elements of expert technologies through the example of crimes committed in the field of ecology, in particular, the preparatory stage; the analytical stage; the stage of expert experiment; the assessment stage. The necessity for the correct formulation of questions for their resolution by the expert is emphasized. Conclusions. Expert research should be carried out in a certain order established by the scientific methodology. The division of the entire process of expert research into separate stages is determined not only by various technical methods, but also by the tasks that are solved in the process of identification and diagnosis.
The Legislative Transformation of Applying Pledge in Criminal Proceedings
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Frantsiforov Yury , Popov Alexey ,   Pyatigorsk State University, Babenko Alexander ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Among the measures of restraint requiring a court decision, the most frequently chosen measures are detention, house arrest, and the prohibition of certain actions. Thus, according to the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, in the first half of 2022, the courts elected: detention – 23,767 times; house arrest – 3,746 times; prohibition of certain actions – 1457 times; bail – 53 times. We can conclude that the courts are many times less likely to choose pledge than other preventive measures. “The percent of pledge among all measures of restraint chosen by the court is on average less than 0.2% for the same period.” The unwillingness of the courts to apply this measure of restraint is also associated with the difficulties of accepting and documenting movable and immovable property. The purpose of the study is to make proposals related to the legislative transformation of the use of individual property objects (real estate, securities, values, etc.) as a subject of pledge in a criminal case when choosing a measure of restraint for the accused. The objectives of the study are to consider the types and amount of pledge selected for the accused as a measure of restraint and to characterize the problems that are an obstacle to the use of property that may be the subject of pledge. Methods. The methodological framework for the study is the general scientific method of cognition, whereby the authors have formulated the approaches caused by the increase in importance of using pledge for the suspect and the accused at the stage of preliminary investigation. Results. The authors’ position is that the main property object used as collateral is cash. Conclusions. Real estate as collateral is not an easy task for the pledger, investigator, and court, associated with the submission and verification of documents, determining the value of property by attracting a specialist appraiser, as well as transferring it to storage and ensuring its safety; real estate is not used as a subject of the pledge, and when the accused applies for it, it is easier for the court to refuse to satisfy such a petition than to take measures to formalize this subject of the pledge.