bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma nova classificação ideológica dos partidos políticos brasileiros
Authors: Bolognesi Bruno , Ribeiro Ednaldo , Codato Adriano
Published: June 2021

Assim como a política democrática se modifica, a percepção sobre os partidos que ela compõe também se altera. O objetivo desse trabalho é oferecer uma nova e atualizada classificação ideológica dos partidos políticos brasileiros. A partir de um survey aplicado à comunidade de Cientistas Políticos em 2018 pedimos que estes classificassem os partidos na dimensão esquerda-direita e, também, quanto ao seu principal objetivo, a persecução de votos, de posições de governo ou de políticas. Os resultados apontam para um movimento centrífugo do sistema partidário com a maioria dos partidos caminhando para a direita e com predomínio de partidos que podem ser classificados como fisiológicos, priorizando a díade votos-cargos e desprezando programaticidade.
Sliding wear behaviour of thermally sprayed WC–20Cr3C2–7Ni and La2O3composite coatings
Authors: Kishore Mishra Tribhuwan , Arbind Kumar , Kumar Sinha Sanjay
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the sliding wear behaviour of WC–20Cr3C2–7Ni and lanthanum (III) oxide (La2O3) composite coating is investigated. The influence of lanthanum (III) oxide is evaluated by varying its proportion (1, 2 and 3 wt%) in WC–20Cr3C2–7Ni coating material. The high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique is used to deposit the coatings on AISI 1020 carbon (C) steel. The mechanical strength and metallurgical quality of the deposit were confirmed by microhardness, adhesive strength and porosity measurements; scanning electron microscopy; and X-ray diffractometry. Further, the sliding wear behaviour of the composite coating is tested on pin-on-disc apparatus with silicon carbide (SiC) as counter material at room temperature. From the investigation, it was found that 2% lanthanum (III) oxide in WC–20Cr3C2–7Ni coating achieved good adhesive strength with minimum wear rate. Addition of lanthanum (III) oxide in WC–20Cr3C2–7Ni prevented the coating from undergoing boundary segregation, crack propagation and grain refinement. Abrasion and ploughing are the common wear mechanisms observed in worn surfaces.
A Matter of Influence: Intersections of Identity
Authors: Hamilton Scott Eric
Published: June 2021

Guest Editor's Note
Classification of Cancer Types by Cluster Analysis Methods
Authors: İNCEKIRIK Aynur , İŞÇİ GÜNERİ Öznur , DURMUŞ Burcu
Published: June 2021

Abstract Cluster analysis can be defined as the group of methods that aim to classify multivariate observations by using similarity/dissimilarity measures between observations. The clusters obtained as a result of the analysis are required to be homogeneous within themselves and heterogeneous among themselves. This study aims to cluster cancer types in datasets created by considering age group characteristics according to gender. In the study, clustering analysis was applied to four different datasets created from the data registered between 1982 and 2016 for 57 cancer types in men and women according to age groups at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, and the analysis results were evaluated and interpreted. In addition, in determining the clustering method and the number of clusters, Cophenetic correlation coefficients and 26 cluster validity indices were used, respectively. The distribution of cancer types in age groups determined by gender was observed in 4 different datasets created with 3 different age group characteristics that led to the best separation of cancer groups, and the clustering tendencies of cancers in the relevant age groups were investigated. R-3.5.1 package program was used for analyses. In this study, the analysis results of the k-means method and the average linkage method, which was decided to be the most successful method due to the high cophenetic correlation coefficient value, were evaluated and interpreted. The number of clusters was determined as 3 with the help of cluster validity indices. When the results obtained are examined, it is seen that breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men is the most common type of cancer in the age group of 40 and above, and that these cancers are alone in a cluster. In addition, it is seen that the 0-14 age group characteristic fails to separate the clusters.
Erken Dönem Kur’an Tefsirlerine Göre Medine Yahudilerinin Kimlik ve Geleneklerine Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: YILMAZ Bedriye
Published: June 2021

Kur’an’ın çok sayıdaki sure ve ayetinde, Hz. Muhammed’den önce gelen vahiylere, peygamberlere, onların mensuplarına, gelenekleri ve hatta söylencelerine farklı içeriklerle atıf yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu makalede Kur’an’da sıklıkla doğrudan muhatap alınmış yahut davranışları ve inançlarıyla konu edilmiş Medineli Yahudiler genel olarak ilgili ayetler ve bu ayetlerin erken döneme (H. 1-2. yüzyıl) ait tefsir rivayetleri bağlamında deskriptif bir yöntemle ele alınmıştır. Buna göre Medine Yahudilerine dair ortaya çıkan tipolojiler üç grupta değerlendirilmiştir. Medine’de yaşayan Yahudilerin kimlik ve geleneklerinin tespitinde tefsir rivayetlerinin derlendiği eserlerin yanı sıra tarih eserleri ve son dönem tarih çalışmalarından istifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca Kur’an’ın Tevrat’a, Yahudilerin ellerinde bulunan kitap(lar)a ve onların geleneğine yönelik atıfları ile erken dönem rivayetlerindeki Tevrat referanslı anlatımların bir kısmı Tanah, Mişna ve Talmud gibi Rabbânî literatürde tespit edilmiştir.
Köken Tartışmaları Ekseninde Katarlara Dair Tarih Yazımındaki Güncel Paradigma Değişikliği
Authors: SAÇMALI Feyza , ATAMAN Kemal
Published: June 2021

Katarlara dair tarih yazımı her ne kadar XIII. yüzyılda başlamışsa da yoğunluk ve ivme kazanması ancak XIX. yüzyıldan sonraya tekabül etmektedir. Katarların tarihindeki gizem zaman zaman ideolojik bakış açılarına imkân vermiş ve bu yaklaşımlar süreç içerisinde birçok safhaya evrilmiştir. 1950’ler öncesi yapılan akademik çalışmalarda, Katarların Maniheist kökenli olduğu ve bu öğretinin IX. yüzyılda Anadolu’da Pavlikenler, X. yüzyılda ise Balkanlar'da Bogomiller üzerinden Güney Fransa ve Kuzey İtalya Katarlarına geldiği tezi savunulmaktadır. Ancak bu düşüncenin artık terkedilmeye yüz tuttuğunu söylemek mümkündür. Günümüzde, Katarların tarihte hiç var olmayıp Katoliklerin icat ettikleri hayali bir düşman olabileceğini savunan “septik yaklaşım” ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla beraber Katar tarihçilerinin “septikler” ve “gelenekselciler” olarak ikiye ayrıldığını da görmekteyiz. Bu makalenin amacı, “güncel” paradigma olarak adlandıracağımız, Maniheist kökeni reddetmekle birlikte septik görüşü de birçok noktada eleştiren yeni bir kategori teklif etmektir. Bu amaçla makale, konu etrafında gelişen literatürde tartışılan bu iki kategorinin ne kadar yeterli olduğu meselesini tarihçilerin mutabık kaldıkları ve ayrıştıkları noktaları analiz edip yorumlayarak ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır
Representación escolarizada de la evaluación: un Aprendizaje Social Profesional
Authors: Maldonado-Fuentes Ana Carolina
Published: June 2021

La formación del profesorado como evaluador constituye un desafío de la docencia, al ser la evaluación un constructo polisémico que está ligado a las relaciones de poder y a la cultura escolar. Esto invita a su estudio como objeto de aprendizaje específico en la Formación Inicial Docente, más aún si desde las normativas se alberga la expectativa de superar el enfoque técnico-instrumental. La presente investigación, de tipo cualitativa y naturalista, indaga en la tarea de evaluar como objeto representado por docentes de Educación Básica, en cuyo nivel hay amplia cobertura. Bajo el supuesto de que las representaciones sociales se construyen en distintos momentos del itinerario formativo, se implementó un diseño seccional cruzado, contando con 18 estudiantes en formación inicial y 13 egresados/nóveles de dos universidades regionales del Consejo de Rectores de Chile. La recogida de información se basó en entrevistas focalizadas aplicadas entre abril y octubre de 2019. El análisis de contenido se desarrolló en cinco etapas y los datos fueron categorizados con un libro consolidado de códigos teórico-emergentes. Los hallazgos revelan que las representaciones sobre la tarea de evaluar y el sistema de evaluación escolar son dinámicas, producto del autoaprendizaje social profesional en los centros educativos. Se infiere así la incidencia de distintos actores de las comunidades escolares en la alfabetización del profesorado sobre evaluación.
Cambiar la evaluación: un imperativo en tiempos de incertidumbre
Authors: Moreno Olivos Tiburcio
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de la investigación cuyos resultados se presentan en este artículo consistió en generar información que permitiera comprender la complejidad del proceso educativo, con la intención de proponer soluciones a problemas fundamentales que afectan el aprendizaje y el logro educativo de los alumnos. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa en una universidad pública, la técnica para la recolección de los datos fue la entrevista semiestructurada a profesores que imparten las materias de la formación básica. Entre los principales resultados destaca que la evaluación del aprendizaje es una práctica idiosincrática y contextualizada, que la falta de formación docente es un factor que afecta las concepciones y prácticas de evaluación y, que las formas participativas de evaluación son incipientes, entre otros. Las principales conclusiones indican que la evaluación sigue centrada en la figura del profesor, que los docentes valoran tanto el dominio del contenido disciplinar como las habilidades mediante las cuales los alumnos expresan dicho dominio (habilidades de comunicación verbal y escrita, aprendizaje autónomo, creatividad, pensamiento crítico…), que se emplea una metodología diversa y amplia que incluye exámenes escritos, participaciones en clase, exposiciones, trabajos escritos (ensayos, ejercicios, resúmenes), entre otros. Estas estrategias se centraron en la evaluación del aprendizaje, más que en una evaluación para el aprendizaje y como aprendizaje.
Disponibilidad léxica de profesores sobre democracia, ciudadanía y derechos humanos
Authors: Montre-Águila Víctor , Araneda-Machmar Javiera
Published: June 2021

La formación ciudadana se ha transformado en un eje clave del Ministerio de Educación de Chile a través de la ley 20.911, el cual puede ser comprendido desde tres dimensiones: ciudadanía, democracia y derechos humanos. El objeto de estudio es analizar la disponibilidad léxica de los profesores en relación con los conceptos de Democracia, Ciudadanía y Derechos Humanos. La metodología de la investigación es cualitativa con un diseño descriptivo e interpretativo. Los participantes son 36 profesores de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales de la provincia de Arauco. La información fue recolectada a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, siendo procesada en el programa Gephi con el objetivo de estudiar las redes semánticas. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que los vocablos principales de los profesores en torno a ciudadanía son respeto, derecho, deberes y personas existiendo diferencias sustanciales en los vocablos señalados por los planes y programas en este centro de interés en particular. En relación con la comparación entre los centros de interés de derechos humanos del plan de formación ciudadana con las conceptualizaciones de los profesores, se evidencia que los vocablos más representativos son respeto, derechos e igualdad, pero en menor medida son representados los conceptos de reivindicación, violación, constitución y agrupación. Por último, la Democracia presenta como conceptos tales como, derecho, representación y respeto y en menor medida constitución, transición y responsabilidad.
Valor del respeto por la lengua y cultura quichua: concepto del Sumak Kawsay
Authors: Chireac Silvia Maria , Guerrero-Jiménez Galo Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

Los valores morales de buen vivir Sumak Kawsay relacionado con el respeto por la lengua y culturaquichua representan una herramienta fundamental en la sociedad ecuatoriana y en el contexto escolar.Consecuentemente con esta idea, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es averiguar los elementos comunesy diferenciadores entre las opiniones del profesorado indígena y los contenidos de los libros de texto de diferentes materias escolares de Ecuador. La investigación se desarrolló en un contexto indígena ecuatoriano con 60 docentes indígenas de la escuela rural Mushuk Rimak ubicada en la parroquia de San Lucas. Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa mediante las entrevistas semiabiertas en lengua castellana, que se realizaron a todos los docentes participantes. Los resultados indican que, en la comunidad indígena de San Lucas, los docentes transmiten al alumnado el valor del respeto por la lengua y cultura quichua vinculado con los valores morales del Sumak Kawsay. Este aspecto está reflejado también en los materiales educativos en quichua gracias a la política de implementación de educación bilingüe intercultural en los pueblos indígenas a nivel nacional en Ecuador. Las conclusiones destacan el valor del Sumak Kawsay en los libros de textos y la labor de los docentes de rescatar el idioma quichua y transmitirlo al alumnado a pesar que laaceptación del programa bilingüe no es unánime entre los padres y las madres de familia de esta localidad.
YouTube Preferences and Practices of Preadolescents: Findings From a Study Carried Out in Catalonia
Authors: Aran-Ramspott Sue , Fedele Maddalena , Suau Jaume
Published: June 2021

Recent data confirm the central role that YouTube plays in the media life of young people in the west, and especially in the media practices of adolescents and preadolescents. This article presents a study on tweens’ YouTube preferences and media practices. The study was based on the uses and gratification theory and applied a quantitative-qualitative approach: a questionnaire was administered to 1,406 preadolescents (x = 12, 11 years-old) from 41 secondary schools, and three focus groups with six participants (three girls and three boys) each were carried out in three schools. The results reveal that the tweens participating in the study consider YouTube as a social media and a video catalogue. They especially like YouTube’s content, in particular entertainment (music and humour) and self-learning (tutorials); however, they generally dislike its interactive functions (e.g., sharing and commenting). Moreover, their media practices on YouTube reveal that tweens incorporate YouTube into their everyday media life within other social media, although they use it predominantly to consume media content in a “traditional”/“non-interactive” way, similar to traditional television use. Despite this they do not consider it as a “new” television. Finally, tweens in our study use YouTube especially for entertainment, and, on a second level, for self-learning and socialising functions. Further studies need to be carried out to go deeper into the prosumption possibilities for tweens’ both on YouTube and other social media.
“Breque dos Apps”: Uma Análise Temporal de Comunidades e Influenciadores no Debate Público Online no Twitter
Authors: Piaia Victor , Matos Eurico , Almeida Sabrina , Dienstbach Dalby , Barboza Polyana
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a dinâmica do debate nas plataformas de redes sociais sob a perspectiva da identidade e da ação coletiva. Mais especificamente, buscamos identificar quem foram os atores centrais no Twitter em torno do debate sobre duas paralisações de entregadores de aplicativo contra o regime e as condições de trabalho durante o período da pandemia (UberEats, iFood, Rappi, etc.) ocorridas a 1 e 25 de julho de 2020 no Brasil. Examinamos, além disso, se os perfis mais influentes protagonizaram a formação de comunidades em torno de sua interpretação sobre esse tema. Para isso, coletamos um total de 535.178 tweets publicados em dois episódios de manifestações dos trabalhadores, ocorridos entre junho e julho de 2020. A partir da análise temporal de clusters, identificamos o momento de entrada de cada comunidade no debate sobre o tema e discutimos como perfis de influenciadores, movimentos sociais, políticos e celebridades desempenharam funções centrais na mobilização de apoiadores e no engajamento público ligado às manifestações nas redes. Os resultados mostram que a mobilização social em ambientes digitais ocorre a partir de interações entre grupos com grande envolvimento com as causas defendidas e perfis de atuação mais efêmeros, cuja participação é fundamental para a promoção e divulgação dos atos.
Plataformas de Financiamento Coletivo na Economia Política dos Média Alternativos
Authors: Teixeira Lina Moscoso , Jorge Ana
Published: June 2021

Os média alternativos abordam assuntos que não são tratados pelos meios de comunicação tradicionais e dão enfoque a temáticas voltadas à defesa dos direitos humanos. Surgidos no ambiente digital, tiram partido dos baixos custos de distribuição e das potencialidades de participação do público. De forma crescente, os média alternativos utilizam plataformas de crowdfunding ou financiamento coletivo como modelo de manutenção das atividades. Estas plataformas que permitem o patronato não alojam nem publicam conteúdo, mas estão inseridas num ecossistema com outras plataformas que visam obter dados e transformá-los em valor económico. O presente artigo mapeia a forma como média alternativos de Portugal, Espanha e Brasil articulam as plataformas de crowdfunding com as suas estratégias de financiamento, por um lado, e com as plataformas de redes sociais, por outro. O estudo pretende debater as possibilidades e limitações das diferentes plataformas de financiamento coletivo para estes meios. O desenho metodológico inclui entrevistas pessoais, observação online sobre os média alternativos e uma análise de conteúdo sobre o seu financiamento e concretamente as plataformas digitais de financiamento. Os média alternativos articulam o seu uso de plataformas de crowdfunding com as de redes sociais, num trabalho constante de demonstração da relevância do tipo de jornalismo que praticam e do seu contributo social em busca do envolvimento do público enquanto financiador.
IoT systems in the process of multidisciplinary training of personnel for the digital economy and their design
Authors: Komarov Vladimir , Sarafanov Albert
Published: June 2021

In the context of digitalization of the most knowledge-intensive sectors of the domestic economy, the development of an industrial training system in the field of electronic instrumentation is of great importance. The key areas of its development with the use of information and communication technologies include the development and improvement of the technological basis for training and retraining of personnel in engineering educational programs. One of the elements of this basis is the service of multi-user remote access via the internet to a high-tech experimental equipment laboratory as a service based on internet of things (IoT) systems. Within the framework of this service, an urgent problem is to increase the functional saturation of automated stands/installations, which is currently characterized by a paucity of scientific research. The purpose of the research is to expand the areas of experimental research carried out in the mode of multiuser remote access based on specialized IoT systems. As a result, a method of multidisciplinary application of specialized IoT systems was developed. This consists of the technical implementation of possibilities for additional research: research into technologies underlying both multi-user distributed measuring and control systems and IoT systems in general; research into technologies used in their end-to-end computer-aided design; research into joint interaction of several geographically distributed automated stands/installations, implemented on the basis of a four level IoT reference architecture. A methodology for the design of multi-user distributed measuring and control systems as specialized IoT systems has also been developed, focused on solving multidisciplinary research problems in an interactive dialogue mode based on single sample of experimental equipment. The methodology mobilizes organizational, technical and methodological support for the process of creating such systems with specified target characteristics. In general, the method and methodology developed open up opportunities for systematically implementing the basic principles of the “Education 4.0” concept in the preparation and retraining of engineering personnel in the field of electronic instrumentation.
Patients’ trust in the health care system and physiotherapists
Authors: Vukičević Anka , Ogurlić Ranka , Lazić Miloš , Beqaj Samire , Švraka Emira
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The assessment of the health-care system by its beneficiaries is based on evaluation of the public perception in regards to the performance of healthcare workers, the functioning of the health system, the effectiveness of health policy measures, and a number of other components. The aim of this study was to determine patients’ trust in the work of physiotherapists and the health-care system; determine the quality of communication between the patient and the physiotherapist and determine the quality of cooperation between healthcare workers in the provision of health services.Methods: The study is descriptive, conducted in five cities: Banja Luka, Bihać, Herceg Novi, Nikšić, and Podujevo. The confidence in health-care questionnaire developed by Calnan and Sanford (2004) was used as a research instrument, containing six areas of research: Attitude toward the patient, Health policy and patient care, Professionalism and expertise, Quality of health care, Communication and information, and Quality of cooperation.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 41 years, 24 females and 26 males. Subjects expressed the greatest satisfaction on subscales I - Attitude toward the patient (27.44 ± 3.59 out of 30) and IV - Quality of health care (36.60 ± 4.19 out of 40), which represents 91.5% of the possible maximum. This is followed by subscale V - Communication and information (20.8 ± 3.17 out of 25) corresponding to 83.2% of the possible maximum, followed by subscale III - Professionalism and expertise (15.68 ± 3.29 out of 20) which represents 78.4% of the possible maximum. Subjects showed the least satisfaction on subscales II - Health policy and patient care (16.94 ± 5.56 out of 25), which represents 67.8% of the possible maximum, and subscales VI - Quality of cooperation (9.94 ± 0.42 out of 15) which corresponds to 66.3% of the possible maximum.Conclusions: The research showed a high degree of satisfaction of subjects in various fields, which indicates a high degree of confidence in the work of physiotherapists and the health-care system. Research on a larger sample in needed for creation and implementation of the guidelines in the strategic documents of the countries in the region and for improvement of health policies and patient care.
Multiple STL decomposition in discovering a multi-seasonality of intraday trading volume
Authors: Arneric Josip
Published: June 2021

The seasonal and trend decomposition of a univariate time-series based on Loess (STL) has several advantages over traditional methods. It deals with any periodicity length, enables seasonality change over time, allows missing values, and is robust to outliers. However, it does not handle trading day variation by default. This study offers how to deal with this drawback. By applying multiple STL decompositions of 15-minute trading volume observations, three seasonal patterns were discovered: hourly, daily, and monthly. The research objective was not only to discover if multi-seasonality exists in trading volume by employing high-frequency data but also to determine which seasonal component is most time-varying, and which seasonal components are the strongest or weakest when comparing the variation in the magnitude between them. The results indicate that hourly seasonality is the strongest, while daily seasonality changes the most. A better understanding of trading volume multiple patterns can be very helpful in improving the performance of trading algorithms.
Ranking of hydropower projects based on sustainability criteria in India using multicriteria decision making methods
Authors: Shaktawat Anuja , Vadhera Shelly
Published: June 2021

Assessment of hydropower projects with respect to sustainability criteria is a multidimensional and complex issue. It requires considering technical, environmental, and social parameters instead of purely economic ones in decision making for energy planning. The flexibility to consider several criteria and objectives simultaneously leads to the use of multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methods which are well accepted in the field of energy planning. This paper aims at applying MCDM methods in facilitating the decision makers to select the most sustainable hydropower projects in the Indian region by making real and logical choices based on eight important criteria selected from the literature that are compatible with sustainable development. To comprehensively rank hydropower projects three MCDM methods are applied i.e., the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE II), and elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE III). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to calculate the weights of criteria. All three methods are well adapted for sustainability assessment and ranked Sharavathi (A9), Bhakra (A2), and Upper Indravati (A13) to be the most sustainable hydropower projects in India under the selected criteria. The study will be helpful in sustainable energy planning of hydropower projects with similar geographical conditions.
Simulation study for 3D dynamic characteristics of voltage losses in PEM fuel cell
Authors: BAYTAR Abdurrahman , SUNAR ÇERÇİ Deniz , ÇERÇİ Salim
Published: June 2021

Fuel cells, providing an advanced alternative energy source, are devices that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Modeling of a fuel cell provides improvements to the design of the fuel cells as well as providing cheaper, better and more efficient fuel cells. Three basic voltage losses occur in the fuel cell: activation polarization, ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. In this study, simulation of voltage losses in PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cells was performed by using Matlab@Simulink program. Polarization and power curves were obtained for different operating temperatures by considering these losses.
Ultrafiltration-Based extraction of Ibuprofen from human plasma samples and HPLC analysis: developing an innovative bioanalytical analysis method
Authors: ŞENOL Yasin , DOĞAN Ayşegül , ÇELEBİER Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Some commercially available scientific products for ultrafiltration are readily available and have been used for a long time, especially in environmental sciences, life sciences and analysis of active ingredients from plants. Recent studies of metabolomics discuss the advantage and disadvantage of ultrafiltration versus protein precipitation and solid phase extraction. However, ultrafiltration techniques are rarely used in pharmaceutical analysis, even though they have advantages over solid phase extraction, such as easy to apply and no buffer preparations. The aim of this study is to develop a simple and innovative analysis technique for IBU determination from human plasma samples by ultrafiltration-based extraction in a pharmaceutical analysis. the prepared samples were analyzed using HPLC system equipped with C18 Column (100 x 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm). The flow rate was set to 1.0 mL min-1 while using isocratic elution with the mobile phase of [acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (pH 3.0, 15 mM) (56:44 v/v)] solution. Injection volume was 20 μL and UV detection was performed at 220 nm wavelenght. The developed method was validated according to FDA Bioanalytical Guidelines and found accurate, precise, sensitive, selective and efficient with the high recovery values samples.
Optimization of process parameters in coagulation of landfill leachate by Al2(SO4)3 and PACl
Authors: CAN GÜVEN Emine
Published: June 2021

In this study, landfill leachate treatment by coagulation and optimization of process parameters were aimed. Alum (Al2(SO4)3) and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PACl) were used as coagulants to remove total suspended solids (TSS) from landfill leachate, and coagulant dose, reaction time, and pH were optimized as process variables. The Box-Behnken, one of the response surface methodology designs, was used in modeling the coagulation process. The R2 values were very high (>95%) for TSS removal and the models were sufficiently in good agreement with experimental results. The TSS removal efficiencies in coagulation processes with alum and PACl under optimum process conditions determined by the model were 62.1% and 76.4%, respectively while the experimental values under optimum operating conditions were 60.8% and 75.1% in alum and PACl coagulation processes, respectively. According to the results of the study, both coagulation processes were effective in TSS removal from landfill leachate, and response surface methodology is a useful tool for optimizing the treatment parameters. The removal efficiency of the coagulation process conducted with PACl is higher than that of the alum process. Thus, it can be inferred that PACl is more effective under optimized conditions in this study.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF ROCK FAILURE MECHANISM AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON mi HOEK-BROWN FAILURE CRITERION
Authors: Salajegheh Sina , Shahriar Kourosh , Jalalifar Hossein , Ahangari Kaveh
Published: June 2021

Rock failure mechanism is one of the most important issues in rock mechanics engineering which plays a key role in the stability analysis of various structures. Therefore, different failure criteria have been proposed to understand the failure mechanism of rocks. One of the most commonly used rock failure criteria is the Hoek-Brown criterion, in which there is a parameter called mi, which is very important to the response provided by this criterion. Due to the importance of conducting extensive studies on this parameter, in this current research, by performing a series of experimental triaxial compressive strength test and numerical simulating in PFC-2D code, the effect of the Hoek-Brown constant mi on the failure mechanism and crack growth of different rocks has been studied. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the effect of parameter mi on the failure mechanism of different rocks varied according to the type of rocks, and the greatest effect of this parameter was on the peak strength of rocks. In addition, it was found that under higher lateral pressures, there are less destructive cracks in rocks, and as a result, they show more ductile behaviour.
MODELLING-FRIENDLY LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY OF UNDERGROUND MINING OF BAUXITE: A CASE STUDY FROM JAJCE MINES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Grbeš Anamarija , Galić Ivo , Farkaš Branimir , Budeš Ivan
Published: June 2021

The objective of this paper is the study of the life cycle inventory (LCI) for underground mining of small, clustered deposits of Dinaric Alps-type bauxites, mined in the mountains near Jajce, a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the period 2010-2020. Modelling of the life cycle inventory was done based on the company’s internal reports and project documentation for a variant of the sublevel caving method that involves drilling and blasting. Four mines, located on three exploitation fields, were found in different phases of mine life, different levels of tectonic disturbances and different types of energy: diesel, electricity, and compressed air. The main results of this study are the inventory of underground bauxite exploitation made based on long-term data, the life cycle of one bauxite deposit, and the emission factors from blasting. Underground mining in this case proved to be energy intensive: an average of 52-92 MJ/t was required (as opposed to 37 MJ/t for surface bauxite exploitation in Italy). At the same time, underground bauxite exploitation caused only 5.6-6.4% of the transformation of natural land that is above the mines and deposits. The operations relying on diesel fuel caused local emissions in the air and underground. The operation relying on electricity for DC locomotive and generation of the compressed air were without local emission into the air, although energy efficiency was probably reduced using compressed air as mechanical energy. At the state level, the impact depends on the country’s energy mix, which is still quite dependent on fossil fuels. Engineering estimates of blasting emissions indicated detonators and ammonium nitrate explosives as a potentially important source of environmental impact. The mining industry would significantly benefit from cleaner energy in electricity generation (the energy sector) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The path of air emissions in the underground system, especially lead and nitrogen compounds, needs to be further explored.
ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE SOLAR ROTATION ELEMENTS i, Ω AND PERIOD USING SUNSPOT OBSERVATIONS BY RUĐER BOŠKOVIĆ IN 1777
Authors: Husak Mirko , Brajša Roman , Špoljarić Dragan
Published: June 2021

In September 1777, Ruđer Bošković observed sunspots for six days. Based on these measurements, he used his own methods to calculate the elements of the Sun’s rotation, the longitude of the node, the inclination of the solar equator and the period. He published a description of the methods, the method of observation and detailed instructions for calculations in the second chapter of the fifth part of the Opera in 1785. In this paper, Bošković’s original calculations and repeated calculations by his procedure are published. By analysing the input quantities, procedures, and results, the input quantities of the error, and the calculation results are discussed. The reproduction of Bošković’s calculations is successfully reproduced and we obtained very similar results. The conclusion proposes a relationship of Bošković’s research with mod ern astronomy.
Institute of human rights commissioners: yesterday, today, tomorrow
Authors: Moskalkova T. N.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of the role and meta of the Russian institute of human rights commissioners in the system of state bodies, its formation and development, the legal status of the state office of the Commissioner. The author comes to the conclusion about the unity of the two-level system of state human rights activity of the human rights commissioners; expresses his position on the ways of its further development.
Desarrollos urbanos para futuros distópicos: de Metrópolis a Cyberpunk 2077
Authors: Franco Torre Christian
Published: June 2021

El videjuego Cyberpunk 2077, desarrollado por CD Projekt RED, está ambientado en Night City, una megalópolis que el jugador puede recorrer con una libertad inédita, lo que unido a una perspectiva en primera persona propicia una sugestiva experiencia inmersiva. Pero al recorrer Night City, el jugador descubre una ciudad que le resulta familiar, tanto en su diseño urbano y arquitectónico como en la naturaleza de su población, ya que la megalópolis de Cyberpunk 2077 recoge toda una iconografía de la representación urbes distópicas en distintas disciplinas artísticas que se puede rastrear hasta Metrópolis (Metropolis, Fritz Lang, 1927), y que reflejan tanto las intuiciones de sus creadores sobre cómo serán las ciudades del futuro como sus inquietantes reflexiones sobre la urbanidad de su tiempo.
Las restauraciones de 1903 y 1939 de la Basílica de Santa María de Elche. Incorporación de nuevos sistemas constructivos
Authors: Spairani Berrio Yolanda - , Spairani Berrio Silvia - , Torregrosa Fuentes David - , Huesca Tortosa José Antonio -
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo analiza las restauraciones de la Basílica de Santa María de Elche durante el siglo XX incluyendo las causas que provocaron dichas intervenciones. Este monumento alberga la re-presentación del “Misteri” representación sacro-lírica catalogada como Patrimonio Inmaterial de la Humanidad. Los terremotos de 1746 y 1829 aumentaron los daños estructurales que ya presentaba el ediﬁcio desde su construcción. En la restauración realizada entre 1903 y 1907 por el arquitecto Marceliano Coquillat i Llofriu se sustituyó la cúpula y cubierta introduciendo el hierro en sus nue-vas estructuras. Se convirtió en una de las primeras obras de restauración monumental del levante español donde se han empleado estructuras mixtas de hierro y ladrillo. El incendio de 1936 provocó graves daños dando lugar a otra gran restauración dirigida por Antonio Serrano Peral quien intro-dujo atados en la base de la cúpula y sustituyó las bóvedas de la nave y crucero.
Language Teachers' Professional Development and New Literacies: An Integrative Review
Authors: Tafazoli Dara
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to synthesize the themes and topics addressed language teachers’ new literacies in the published articles between 2010–2020 to understand research and approaches to the new literacies of language teachers. To this end, the researchers applied an integrative review of 29 papers selected from a body of 503 published papers in nine databases. The review showed that most papers related to new literacies in professional development focused on the term digital literacy. Moreover, most of the published papers are from Asia and Europe and were conducted on in-service teachers. A great majority of published papers relied on qualitative research design, and web 2.0 technologies are the dominant technologies in the reviewed studies. My findings potentially pave the way for future researchers to recognize and classify new possible areas of research as regards the use of new literacies as a necessity for language pedagogy.
La Fundación Generalísimo Franco o Fundación de Gremios
Authors: Fernández García Ana María
Published: June 2021

El 7 de febrero de 1941 se constituyó la Fundación Generalísimo Franco, Industrias Artísticas Agrupadas. Fue una iniciativa promovida directamente por el dictador, pues intentaba hacer suya la tradición de vinculación de la corona con el fomento de los oficios como sucediera con la Real Fábrica de Tapices o con la de Porcelana del Buen Retiro. Desde 1941 hasta su cierre en 1995 se encargó del amueblamiento de edificios oficiales o de los Paradores Nacionales fabricando al principio un tipo de piezas historistas, para pasar a incorporar en los sesenta otros estilos europeos e incluso diseño actual. La Fundación en 1962 fue incorporada a Patrimonio Nacional, redefinida en la democracia como Nueva Fundación de Gremios y finalmente disuelta en 1995.
Source and scatering effects on the spectra of small local earthquakes
Authors: Aki Keiiti
Published: June 2021

In order to separate the scattering effect from the source effect on high-frequency seismic waves, the spectra of S and coda waves are studied simultaneously for 900 small earthquakes (magnitude 3 to 4) in the Kanto region, Japan. The observed S-wave spectrum is the source spectrum modified by the attenuation and forward-scattering effect, while the coda spectrum is the source spectrum modified by the attenuation and back-scattering effect. From previous studies (Aki, 1980a, b) on the same data set, we know about the attenuation effect. Comparing the S-wave spectrum with the coda spectrum, we find that our data are consistent with the source spectrum with corner frequencies 3 to 6 Hz, and high-frequency decay ω−1 to ω−2, and support the hypothesis that scattering is the major cause of attenuation of S waves in the lithosphere, in which the small-scale Rayleigh scattering (Q−1 ∝ f3) applies to frequencies lower than 3 Hz and the large-scale scattering (Q−1 ∝ f0∼−1) to higher frequencies. The high-frequency decay of the source spectrum appears to be somewhat steeper for shallower earthquakes. We found that two areas with significantly different tectonic features shared similar attenuation and source effects, but showed very different envelopes of seismograms due to different forward-scattering effects. The forward-scattering effect may be the most sensitive to the structural difference.
Procedures for computing focal mechanisms from local (SV/P)zdata
Authors: Kisslinger Carl , Bowman J. Roger , Koch Karl
Published: June 2021

A procedure for calculating the focal mechanism of an earthquake from the distribution of the ratio of the amplitudes of SV to P waves has been developed and tested. The input consists of information taken from the hypocenter solution for the earthquake, a factor for each station that corrects for the effect of the free surface on the observed wave amplitudes and the observed values of the ratio of the vertical component of P to the vertical component of SV. The procedure starts with the selection of a slip direction. The program then finds the best fault strike and dip corresponding to that slip direction, with “best” measured by the smallest scatter of the dip for any strike. All three fault parameters are then adjusted by an iterative least-squares adjustment. (SV/P)z is a strongly nonlinear function of the fault parameters, so the solution found by the procedure is inherently nonunique. The acceptable solutions can be quite well constrained if the slip direction can be estimated initially on the basis of independent information.

A variety of tests of the procedure have been carried out on real and synthetic data. Given a set of amplitude data for an earthquake in Bear Valley, California, and told only that the mode of slip was predominantly strike-slip, the program “found” the San Andreas fault, i.e., converged to a fault with strike and dip close to the known values. Further work on a German earthquake served to bring out some of the ambiguities of the solutions. Analysis of data from a brief swarm of earthquakes in southwest Germany showed that the method yields useful mechanisms for small events and revealed a rotation of the focal mechanisms during the swarm. Processing of amplitudes from synthetic seismograms gave a fault plane close to the known input, but marked disagreement between the SV amplitudes on the synthetic seismograms and the amplitudes predicted by simple dislocation theory is unresolved.
Seismic phases and scaling associated with small high-explosive surface shots
Authors: Gupta I. N. , Hartenberger R. A.
Published: June 2021

An analysis of seismic field data from surface shots in two radically different geologic environments shows significantly different seismic phases at the two sites. At the first site, which has a layered sedimentary section, five distinct phases are observed: the P-wave first arrival; a complex wave train consisting of higher mode Rayleigh waves; a precursor to air-blast wave; the air blast wave; and the air-coupled Rayleigh waves. Records from the second site, overlying an unlayered mass of igneous rocks, show only three distinct seismic phases: the P-wave first arrival; a simple wave train of fundamental-mode Rayleigh and Love waves; and an air blast wave. Peak ground velocity, based on the average of the three largest amplitudes in the surface waves preceding the air blast wave, scales well with yield for both sites. Measurements of peak ground velocity may be used to estimate yields of explosive charges at either site within a factor of about 2 if the source distance is known. The scaling relationship appears to be valid over a wide range of yields and site geological conditions.
S-wave observations in the Franciscan terrane, central California
Authors: Levander Alan R. , Kovach Robert L.
Published: June 2021

We have examined S-wave arrivals from local earthquakes at a three-station seismograph array in the Franciscan terrane of the Diablo Range, California. A single crustal S-wave phase is observed with a velocity of 3.30 km/sec. Poisson's ratio calculated for the crust from a composite Wadati diagram is 0.27. Beyond epicentral distances of 90 km we have tentatively identified an Sn phase with a velocity of 4.35 km/sec. Other investigators have reported a Pn velocity of 8.0 km/sec corresponding to an upper mantle Poisson's ratio of 0.29.

The 3.30 km/sec crustal S-wave velocity is intermediate in value between crustal S-wave velocities measured in similar terranes 75 km north at Berkeley and 90 km south at Bear Valley, suggesting a NW-SE crustal S-wave velocity gradient east of the San Andreas fault in the Franciscan terrane. This may be indicative of an increase in crustal rigidity from southeast to northwest, possibly associated with the differing levels of seismic activity observed along portions of the San Andreas fault.
Fault plane solutions for northeastern United States earthquakes
Authors: Pulli Jay J. , Toksöz M. Nafi
Published: June 2021

Fault plane solutions for eight earthquakes occurring in the northeastern United States have been determined using P-wave first motions and a computer algorithm for picking all valid solutions. The predominant mechanism in the area is thrust faulting, however the direction of the P axis is not consistent throughout the entire area. In central New England (Maine-New Hampshire), the P axis trends nearly E-W. In southeastern New England, the P axis trends N-S to NE-SW. In the Adirondacks region of New York, the P axis trends NE-SW as previously reported by Yang and Aggarwal (1981). Although the stress distribution appears to be complicated, as in the Central United States (Street et al., 1974), an underlying E-W compressive stress may exist in the New England area. These small earthquakes may represent the response to local stress concentrations.
Evidence for contemporary vertical fault displacement from precise leveling data near the New Madrid seismic zone, western Kentucky
Authors: Schilt F. Steve , Reilinger Robert E.
Published: June 2021

Relative vertical displacements of bench marks in extreme western Kentucky have been determined by comparison of successive leveling surveys in 1947 and 1968. The resulting pattern of apparent surface deformation shows steep offset which can be closely modeled by a normal fault buried in an elastic half-space. The offset is located near the northern boundary of the Mississippi Embayment and the New Madrid seismic zone, an area where faults have previously been inferred on the basis of both geological and geophysical evidence. If the apparent movement is due to slip along a fault, several lines of evidence (regional structure, earthquake data, and lineations) suggest that the postulated fault trends NNE. Thirteen earthquakes were recorded in this area between the times of leveling; focal mechanisms exist for three of these. The nearest of these three focal mechanisms to the leveling offset implies normal faulting. The magnitude of the earthquake, however, appears to be too small to account for the amount of slip required by the fault model. Thus the apparent deformation may have accumulated with several undetected small earthquakes, or gradually as aseismic creep.