bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term patterns of forearm asymmetry in females of three syntopic bat species and its effects on individual fitness
Authors: Süess Tobias , Kerth Gerald
Published: November 2024

Fluctuating asymmetry, the non-directional deviation from bilateral symmetry resulting from developmental instability, can indicate early-life environmental stress. While fluctuating asymmetry can affect individual survival and reproductive success, its effect on fitness differs between species. Here, we analyzed up to 27 years of mark-recapture data from 894 RFID tagged individuals of three forest-living bat species in southern Germany to investigate the degree of fluctuating asymmetry in forearm length. In Bechstein’s bats, Myotis bechsteinii, the species with the highest sample size, we furthermore investigated if fluctuating asymmetry has become more frequent over the study period, a time when juvenile bats have grown larger forearms in response to warmer summers. We also investigated whether fluctuating asymmetry affects individual lifespan and lifetime reproductive success in female Myotis bechsteinii. The degree of fluctuating asymmetry clearly exceeding the measurement error estimated on recaptured individuals was similar in all three species (1.8%). In female Myotis bechsteinii, the frequency of fluctuating asymmetry did not increase over the course of the study and even strong asymmetry had no effect on individual reproductive success and life expectancy. Our data suggest that fluctuating asymmetry is a poor predictor of fitness in the female Myotis bechsteinii studied, and is so far unaffected by the warming environment which is leading to larger individuals in our study population.
Cell surface marker heterogeneity in human myeloma cell lines for modeling of disease and therapy
Authors: Behsen Alenka Djarmila , Holien Toril , Micci Francesca , Rye Morten , Rasmussen Jenny Malm , Andersen Kristin , Hess Eli Svorkdal , Børset Magne , Keats Jonathan , Våtsveen Thea Kristin , Misund Kristine
Published: November 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy originating from plasma cells. Genetically, MM is categorized into two subtypes: hyperdiploid and non-hyperdiploid tumors, with distinct chromosomal characteristics. Human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) are instrumental in understanding MM and identifying therapeutic targets. However, their utility depends on their resemblance to patient-derived cells. We analyzed protein expression of cell surface markers, including myeloma drug targets and immunotherapy-relevant markers, in nine HMCLs using flow cytometry. RNAseq analysis was performed to correlate protein expression with transcriptomic data. While five cell surface markers (CD47, CD49d, CD138, CD269 (BCMA), and GPRC5D) were highly expressed and three (CD19, CD20, and CD117) were low or negative across cell lines, heterogenous expression was observed for the 16 remaining markers. A comparative study with patient-derived transcriptomic data indicated that four of our six in-house HMCLs closely resembled patient disease. Furthermore, our hyperdiploid HMCLs correlated better with hyperdiploid than non-hyperdiploid patient samples. Here, we also describe three previously uncharacterized HMCLs; IH-1, URVIN and FOLE. Our findings underscore the importance of evaluating surface protein expression in HMCLs when modeling MM. The observed variations in expression levels emphasize the need for a strategic selection of cell lines based on the study’s objectives.
Pathogenic PDE12 variants impair mitochondrial RNA processing causing neonatal mitochondrial disease
Authors: Van Haute Lindsey , Páleníková Petra , Tang Jia Xin , Nash Pavel A , Simon Mariella T , Pyle Angela , Oláhová Monika , Powell Christopher A , Rebelo-Guiomar Pedro , Stover Alexander , Champion Michael , Deshpande Charulata , Baple Emma L , Stals Karen L , Ellard Sian , Anselem Olivia , Molac Clémence , Petrilli Giulia , Loeuillet Laurence , Grotto Sarah , Attie-Bitach Tania , Abdenur Jose E , Taylor Robert W , Minczuk Michal
Published: November 2024

Pathogenic variants in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes are associated with a diverse group of human disorders characterized by impaired mitochondrial function. Within this group, an increasing number of families have been identified, where Mendelian genetic disorders implicate defective mitochondrial RNA biology. The PDE12 gene encodes the poly(A)-specific exoribonuclease, involved in the quality control of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs. Here, we report that disease-causing PDE12 variants in three unrelated families are associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies and wide-ranging clinical presentations in utero and within the neonatal period, with muscle and brain involvement leading to marked cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in muscle and severe lactic acidosis. Whole exome sequencing of affected probands revealed novel, segregating bi-allelic missense PDE12 variants affecting conserved residues. Patient-derived primary fibroblasts demonstrate diminished steady-state levels of PDE12 protein, whilst mitochondrial poly(A)-tail RNA sequencing (MPAT-Seq) revealed an accumulation of spuriously polyadenylated mitochondrial RNA, consistent with perturbed function of PDE12 protein. Our data suggest that PDE12 regulates mitochondrial RNA processing and its loss results in neurological and muscular phenotypes.
Design and fabrication of superhydrophobic microstructured grooved substrates to suppress the coffee-ring effect and enhance the stability of Sr element detection in liquids using LIBS
Authors: Wang Hongbao , Li Honglian , Huang Xusheng , Yao Zhichao , Zhang Huiming , Yao Yu hang , Yin Xiaolin , Chen Ziying , Fang Lide
Published: November 2024

Using laser fabrication, a bionic superhydrophobic substrate resembling a lotus leaf surface was created, which inhibited the coffee ring effect to improve the stability of LIBS.
Effective catalytic elimination of dichloromethane under humid environment over Co-based oxides
Authors: Li Yongtao , Luan Chujun , Zhu Xueyan , Shao Jiaming , Lin Fawei , He Chi
Published: November 2024

This study tackles issues in Cl-VOCs catalytic ozonation by synthesizing Co-based catalysts for water-promoted ozonation, turning water poisoning into an advantage for waste gas purification.
Deep reconstruction of crystalline–amorphous heterojunction electrocatalysts for efficient and stable water and methanol electrolysis
Authors: Zheng Fang , Gaikwad Mayur A. , Fang Zhenhua , Jang Suyoung , Kim Jin Hyeok
Published: November 2024

A self-reconstruction process consisting of cation doping with morphology control and interface engineering is used to prepare highly active and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Revolutionizing environmental cleanup: the evolution of MOFs as catalysts for pollution remediation
Authors: Farwa Umme , Sandhu Zeshan Ali , Kiran Azwa , Raza Muhammad Asam , Ashraf Sufyan , Gulzarab Hamza , Fiaz Muhammad , Malik Adnan , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G.
Published: November 2024

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging technology with remarkable potential, which have been employed in environmental remediation.
A catalytic approach for the dehydrogenative upgradation of crude glycerol to lactate and hydrogen generation
Authors: Sahoo Satabdee Tanaya , Sinku Anurita , Daw Prosenjit
Published: November 2024

An adequate method for the synthesis of lactic acid from a mixture of glycerol, ethylene glycol, and methanol from industrial waste and biomass resources has been demonstrated using a Ru catalyst functionalised with proton-responsive ligand framework.
Design of an LiF-rich interface layer using high-concentration fluoroethylene carbonate and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) to stabilize Li metal batteries
Authors: Li Huan , Li Yanxiao
Published: November 2024

A facile strategy to fabricate a uniform and dense LiF-rich interface layer on the surface of Li metal ,enhancing Li metal stability and improving the electrodeposition of lithium ions.
An effective design strategy for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with aggregation-induced emission to enable sky-blue OLEDs that achieve an EQE of nearly 30%
Authors: Dai Hui , Liang Yaohui , Long Xiang , Tang Tianyi , Xie Haozhi , Ma Zhiwei , Li Gaoyu , Yang Zhan , Zhao Juan , Chi Zhenguo
Published: November 2024

Efficient indolocarbazole based blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with aggregation-induced emission are presented, affording OLEDs with a high external quantum efficiency of 29.9%.
Distributed GRS‐coded differential spatial modulation for half‐duplex cooperative network based on relay optimization and joint decoding
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Fengfan
Published: November 2024

To ensure the reliable transmission with increased spectral efficiency of the small information block, this article proposes the novel distributed generalized Reed‐Solomon coded differential spatial modulation (DGRSC‐DSM) scheme in the relay cooperation manner. Two different generalized Reed‐Solomon (GRS) codes with identical lengths are deployed at the source and relay, respectively, where the relay utilizes the subcode of the GRS code, which can construct an ultimate code having a unique algebraic structure at the destination. In addition, the Global search algorithm (Algorithm 1) is developed to obtain an optimal selection mode at the relay, resulting in the final code with an optimal code weight enumeration. Since the complexity of this algorithm is extremely high, the low‐complexity Parity‐position local search algorithm (Algorithm 2) is then proposed to get the suboptimal mode. Monte‐Carlo results indicate that there is a minimal disparity in performance between the two proposed algorithms that both effectively enhance the system performance. Moreover, based on the optimized final code and the special construction of GRS code, the novel Smart‐joint decoding algorithm is first presented at the destination which can fully exploit two‐way information data and further lower the bit error rate (BER) of the DGRSC‐DSM scheme. Also, the analytical union bound of the proposed scheme is formulated over the quasi‐static Rayleigh fading channel, which illustrates a tight fit at the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) regions.
Design and finite element analysis of a high‐performance surface‐permanent magnet synchronous reluctance machine with optimised robustness towards demagnetisation
Authors: Ghorbani Hamidreza , Majidi Behrooz , Benbouzid Mohamed
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to design and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a novel rotor topology for a permanent magnet synchronous reluctance machine. According to the advantages and drawbacks of the PMSyncRM and the SPMSM, a conventional PMSyncRM rotor design combined with sur‐face‐mounted magnets is introduced as the SPMSyncRM. The surface‐PM arc size is investigated, so that it is considered as multiplication of an integer coefficient and the angle between two adjacent slots of the stator. The analysis involves simulation of the electromagnetic characteristics and the numerical model of each structure using finite element method. Each E‐Magnetic character is calculated for a better understanding of the benefits of the SPMSyncRM. Applying 2D FEA, the optimised surface‐PM arc size is calculated and the static and dynamic operational behaviour of the SPMSyncRM is simulated. Moreover, short circuit analysis is performed to study the demagnetisation of magnets. All results are reported comparatively considering a conventional PMSyncRM, so that the proposed SPM‐SyncRM topology presents high torque‐power density, lower values of cogging torque, higher values of power factor and efficiency, better static and dynamic performance, and robustness towards demagnetisation.
Measurement configuration for integrated electric–gas systems via observability analysis considering gas flow dynamics
Authors: Chen Zeming , Li Zhigang , Li Huajian , Zhang Jiahui , Li Yixuan , Zheng Jiehui
Published: November 2024

State estimation plays an important role in the monitoring and control of integrated electric–gas systems (IEGSs), but it faces limitations due to insufficient measurement configurations and low data redundancy in these systems; additional measurement configurations are needed to increase the overall system observability. Owing to the lack of suitable observability analysis methods, optimal measurement configurations for IEGSs remain underexplored. This paper presents an IEGS observability analysis method that incorporates gas flow dynamics via the Lie derivative. This method incorporates the complex topological structure of the gas network and the dynamic process of gas flow into the IEGS observability analysis. Furthermore, the measurement configuration problem for IEGSs considering gas flow dynamics is formulated as a rank‐constrained optimization problem. To handle the rank constraints effectively, an iterative cutting method is developed with convergence guarantees. Finally, the efficacy and practicality of the proposed methods are validated through case studies of varying scales. The proposed optimal measurement configuration model reduces measurement configuration costs while maintaining system observability.
Vaskulitis der Haut nach Kokainkonsum
Authors: Hellwege Rubi Stephani , Sitter Thomas , Wörnle Markus
Published: November 2024

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 20-jähriger Patient stellte sich mit großflächigen und äußerst schmerzhaften Purpura mit Nekrosearealen und Vesikeln, v.a. an den unteren Extremitäten, aber auch an den Armen, am Stamm und an den Ohren in unserer Notaufnahme vor. Vorbestehend war ein Konsum von Kokain.

Untersuchungen In den Laboruntersuchungen zeigten sich erhöhte Entzündungszeichen sowie eine Erhöhung der Proteinase 3- und Myeloperoxidase-ANCA (Anti-Neutrophile cytoplasmatische Antikörper).

Diagnose In Zusammenschau der Anamnese, des klinischen Befundes und der Laborwerte zeigte sich eine Vaskulitis der Haut nach Kokainkonsum.

Therapie und Verlauf Unter einer Therapie mit Steroid sowie Drogenkarenz kam es zu einer Rückbildung der Veränderungen.

Folgerung Die Vaskulitis ist eine schwerwiegende Komplikation der Einnahme von Kokain.
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit stärken
Authors: Boehm Kathrin
Published: November 2024

Im Juli 2024 veröffentlichte der Verband der Diabetesberatungs- und Schulungsberufe e.V. (VDBD) die aktualisierte Neuauflage der Rahmenempfehlungen zur Delegation ärztlicher Tätigkeiten an die Berufsgruppe Diabetesberater:innen DDG 1.
Reisemedizinische Klassiker: Delegation von Leistungen und Impfung Minderjähriger
Authors: Schelling Jörg , Makoski Kyrill
Published: November 2024

In der Reisemedizin stellen sich häufig Fragen der Delegation ärztlicher Leistungen an nicht ärztliches Personal, gerade bei Impfungen. Diese sind auch oft Streitpunkt zwischen getrennt lebenden Eltern minderjähriger Kinder. Der Beitrag gibt anhand von Fallbeispielen einen Überblick über die Zulässigkeit der Delegation von Leistungen an nicht ärztliches Personal und zeigt Fallstricke bei der Impfung Minderjähriger auf, deren Eltern getrennt leben.
Die Klinik für Dermatologie des Christlichen Klinikums Unna stellt sich vor
Authors: Boms Stefanie , Gambichler Thilo
Published: November 2024

Die Geschichte der Dermatologie am Christlichen Klinikum Unna reicht bis 1945 zurück, als eine Belegabteilung für Dermatologie im Katharinen-Hospital Unna eröffnet wurde. Diese entwickelte sich über die Jahre weiter, und 1990 wurde sie in eine hauptamtliche Abteilung mit 30 Betten umgewandelt. Seit Oktober 2017 wird die Klinik von Dr. Stefanie Boms geführt, die zuvor als Oberärztin in der Klinik tätig war. Die Klinik fusionierte 2020 mit dem evangelischen Krankenhaus Unna und ist nun Teil des Christlichen Klinikums Unna. Mit 32 Betten und einer Ambulanz betreut die dermatologische Abteilung stationäre und ambulante Patienten in einem großen Einzugsgebiet, das bis ins Sauerland reicht. Unterstützt wird die Klinik von Oberärzt*innen, darunter Prof. Dr. Thilo Gambichler, der seit 2021 in Teilzeit in der Klinik tätig ist und das Hauttumorzentrum Unna leitet, welches im März 2024 erstzertifiziert wurde. Die Klinik für Dermatologie hat sich in den letzten Jahren weiterentwickelt, insbesondere durch den demografischen Wandel und gesetzliche Vorgaben. Das operative Spektrum hat sich von Varizen- und Ulkusoperationen hin zur onkologischen Versorgung verlagert, was auch mit einer höheren Anzahl älterer Patient*innen verbunden gewesen ist. Die stationären DRG-Fälle stiegen von 1068 im Jahr 2007 auf 1740 im Jahr 2023, wobei der Altersmedian der Patienten von 62 auf 72 Jahre anstieg. Die ambulante Dermatologie wird über Ermächtigungsambulanzen und Kooperationen mit anderen Abteilungen angeboten. Besonders in der Hautkrebsversorgung ist die Klinik hochaktiv und arbeitet eng mit der onkologischen Tagesklinik sowie anderen Abteilungen und Kooperationspartnern zusammen. In Bezug auf Aus- und Weiterbildung bietet die Klinik umfassende Möglichkeiten für junge Ärzt*innen, einschließlich eines Rotationssystems und regelmäßiger Fortbildungen. Zudem ist die Klinik ein Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Münster und engagiert sich in Forschung und Lehre unter der Leitung von Prof. Gambichler.
Fetal Heart Rate and Amniotic Fluid Volume Measurements with a Home Ultrasound Device
Authors: Pardo Anat , Nahum Fridland Shir , Rak Or Lee , Klochendler Frishman Emilie , Zafrir Danieli Hadar , Shmueli Anat , Barbash-Hazan Shiri , Wiznitzer Arnon , Walfisch Asnat , Sela Tomer , Wolff Leor , Hadar Eran
Published: November 2024

Objective Pulsenmore ES is a self-scanning ultrasound (US) system for remote fetal assessment. It comprises a handheld transducer that serves as a smartphone cradle coupled with an application and clinician's web-viewer dashboard. Recently, a novel capability was added to the system allowing offline fetal heart rate (FHR) and maximal vertical pocket (MVP) measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate these tools for usability and accuracy.

Study Design A prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded clinical study design was used. Pulsenmore ES scans were obtained by non-professional laypersons in app-guided (AG) mode (user follows video tutorials in the application) or clinician-guided (CG) mode (user is guided by a health care professional in a real-time telemedicine visit). The scans were stored on a cloud for later interpretation by a health care professional. Each self-scan was immediately followed by a standard US scan performed by a clinician. The asynchronous FHR and MVP measurements made on the AG and CG scans through the designated dashboard were analyzed and compared with the real-time, in-clinic (INC) measurements.

Results The cohort included 28 women. Rates of successful utilization of the Pulsenmore tool for measurement of FHR were 84.7 ± 11.24% of scans made in AG mode and 96.3 ± 6.35% of scans made in CG mode. Corresponding values for MVP were 91.7 ± 2.31% and 95.0 ± 1.73%. FHR accuracy (difference from INC values) was 10.8 ± 7.5 beats per minute (bpm; 7.2%) in AG mode and 5.8 ± 5.1 bpm (4%) in CG mode. MVP accuracy was 1.3 ± 1.4 cm (22%) and 0.9 ± 0.8 cm (14%), respectively. Sensitivity (87.5% and 100% in AG and CG modes, respectively) and specificity (95% and 95.5% in AG and CG modes, respectively) were established for MVP.

Conclusion FHR and MVP measurements obtained from scans captured by the self-operated Pulsenmore ES ultrasound platform are highly accurate and reliable for clinical use relative to standard INC measurements.

Key Points
Optimizing Resident Charge Capture with Disappearing Help Text in Note Templates
Authors: Martin Taylor , Bell Douglas S , Gornbein Jeffrey , Lukac Paul
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assist residents in selecting the correct Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for evaluation and management (E/M) services thru the addition of disappearing help text into a standardized note template.
Methods: We created a disappearing text block that summarizes E/M requirements and embedded it into the note template used by residents at a pediatric urgent care clinic. An intervention cohort composed of post graduate year 1 (PGY 1) residents was instructed to use this note template, while senior residents (PGY 2-3) were instructed to use an identical template that lacked the help text. We evaluated the incidence of CPT change by the attending physician for each visit as a proxy for improvement in resident billing practices. Logistic regression with a primary outcome of whether the encounter CPT code was changed was completed.
Results: There were 2,869 encounters during the 255-day study period; the help text was used in 1,112 (38.8%) encounters. There was some crossover in note use; i.e., PGY 1s using the note without help text and PGY 2s using the note with help text. Nevertheless, all residents who used the help text had a lower unadjusted rate of CPT change (22.1% vs 30.6%, OR= 0.64, p < 0.0001). This pattern persisted when stratified by trainee level – PGY 1 (22.6% vs 45.3%, OR=0.35,p < 0.0001) and PGY 2-3 (12.2% vs 27.8%, p = 0.018). Adjusting for multiple factors, the use of help text was associated with a lower incidence of CPT change (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.44).
Conclusions: Residents’ use of the disappearing help text was associated with a large decrease in CPT code adjustment by attending physicians, which demonstrates its promise for improved E/M coding and for other applications.
Bone Mineral Density Distribution in the Posterior Wall of the Lateral Mass Evaluated by Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry
Authors: Doi Kazuma , Inoue Nozomu , Tani Satoshi , Mizuno Junichi
Published: November 2024

Objective Cervical open-door laminoplasty using plates and miniscrews is gaining popularity. One of the complications of this procedure is the loosening or back-out of the miniscrews inserted in the lateral mass (LM). Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by computed tomography (CT) has been used as a predictor of bone strength. However, bone density distribution in the LM remains unclear.

Materials and Methods We investigated bone density distribution in the posterior wall of the LM. A total of 120 LMs were analyzed from the patients who underwent laminoplasty. The distribution of BMD defined by Hounsfield unit (HU) in the posterior wall of the LM was measured by CT osteoabsorptiometry. The posterior wall was divided into nine zones, which consisted of three columns (lateral, center, and medial) and three rows (cranial, center, and caudal). BMD in each zone was averaged and compared by zones and cervical levels.

Results Overall mean ± standard deviation BMD was 1,092 ± 433 HU. Averaged BMD in the entire posterior wall was highest at C4 (1,365 ± 459 HU), second highest at C3 (1,239 ± 435 HU), and lower in the lower levels. BMD in the medial–center zone (1,357 ± 443 HU) was the highest in all zones. BMD in the medial–caudal region at C7 was only 59% of the highest BMD in the medial–center region at C4.

Conclusion The medial–center to the cranial region was most suitable for miniscrew fixation for laminoplasty. These biomechanical findings would be useful in the preoperative planning of laminoplasty especially for the determination of the LM screw entry points and in the design of laminoplasty implants.
Palmar Plate Fixation in Scaphoid Nonunions—Surgical Technique and Review of the Literature
Authors: Quadlbauer Stefan , Pezzei Chistoph , Hintringer Wolfgang , Beer Thomas , Hausner Thomas , Leixnering Martin , Jurkowitsch Josef
Published: November 2024

Even today, the treatment of scaphoid nonunions remains challenging for the treating hand surgeon. Considering the biomechanical principles of wrist kinematics, especially the three-dimensional movement of the scaphoid, it is evident that a single headless compression screw does not provide sufficient stability to counteract all these forces, particularly rotational forces. Palmar plate fixation was initially introduced as a salvage procedure after failed screw fixation. It ensures very high rotational stability but also supports correction of the humpback deformity, reconstruction of scaphoid length, and prevents bone graft extrusion. However, indications have since been extended to include primary nonunion treatment in cases with humpback deformity or comminuted fractures. Even in recalcitrant cases (substantial bone loss, prior surgery failure, avascular necrosis, or durations exceeding 2 years), high union rates and favorable functional outcomes have been reported. This article attempts to summarize the biomechanical principles, indications, surgical techniques, and results following palmar angular stable plate fixation in scaphoid nonunions.
Role of 18FDG PET/CT in Detecting Primary Tumors in Patients with Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study from 2017 to 2023 (Extension Study)
Authors: Fatima Nosheen , Laiq Mina , Rafay Muhammad , Azam Sara Muhammad , Zaman Maseeh uz
Published: November 2024

Background Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a diverse group of cancers in which the primary tumor site remains occult despite detailed investigations. This is an extension of a published parent study with a smaller cohort, to further validate the published facts of detection efficiency of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG PET/CT) in patients with CUP over a larger sample from 2017 to 2023.

Methods Patients with CUP referred for 18FDG PET/CT scan for detection of primary sites during the study period were recruited. 18FDG PET/CT scan was acquired using a standardized protocol, and patients with suspected primary sites underwent biopsies. Scan findings and biopsy results were analyzed to find the detection rate, sensitivity, area under the curve (AUC), and positive predictive value (PPV). As no biopsy was performed in cases with negative scan, these cases were considered false negatives (FNs).

Results Total 230 patients with CUP were included with similar demographic trend (mean age: 58 ± 14 years; 63% male and 37% female; mean body mass index: 26.82 ± 5.4 kg/m2); 138/230 (60 vs. 74% in parent study) patients were found to have a hypermetabolic focus suggestive of primary tumor sites and subjected to biopsy which turned out positive in 127/138 (true positive [TP]: 92 vs. 76% in parent study) and negative in 11/138 (true negative [TN]: 8 vs. 24% in parent study). Sensitivity and PPV of 18FDG PET/CT were 58 and 92%, respectively (68 and 76%, respectively, in parent study). The remaining 92/230 (40%) patients with negative 18FDG PET/CT for primary focus did not have biopsy. No significant demographic difference was seen in patients with TP and FN studies (p > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve revealed fair diagnostic strength of 18FDG PET/CT for detecting unknown primary (AUC 0.710; p ≤ 0.05; standard error = 0.0167; confidence interval: 0.647–0.768; vs. nonsignificant in parent study).

Conclusion We conclude that this extension study with a larger cohort compared with the parent study has found a similar detection efficiency of 18FDG PET/CT for identifying primary tumor in patients with CUP (58 vs. 57%) but with better PPV and sensitivity. Upfront use of 18FDG PET/CT in CUP could preclude the use of many futile diagnostic procedures. Furthermore, the use of tumor-specific PET tracers, higher resolution scanners, and acquiring delayed images in patients with negative 18FDG study could reduce FN results in patients with CUP.
Effect of impurities and prestraining on the temperature dependence of the yield stress in single-crystal silver
Authors: Parkhomenko T. A.
Published: November 2024

In the temperature range of 2–300°K the temperature dependences of the yield stress of single-crystal silver prestrained at room temperature to various strains are studied, as well as the yield stress and deforming stress of single crystals of silver alloyed with 0.17 wt.% cadmium (at a strain rate of 7·10−4sec−1). The results obtained are discussed assuming the presence in the crystal of two types of obstacles to dislocation motion.
Temperature and concentrational dependence of work-hardening of lead with paramagnetic impurities of nickel at the superconducting transition
Authors: Abraimov V. V. , Soldatov V. P.
Published: November 2024

The behavior of the creep-deformation increment δϵns in the superconducting transition of lead with paramagnetic impurities of nickel is investigated. It is shown that the paramagnetic impurity significantly affects the electron spectrum of the superconductor and leads to temperature and concentrational dependences of the work-hardening considerably different from those in alloys with nonmagnetic impurities. The experimental data obtained are compared with theories relating to the effect of magnetic impurities on superconductor properties.
Absorption of α-oxygen at 1.3°K. III. 1Σu−←3Σg− transition
Authors: Prikhot'ko A. F. , Glushkov L P. , Pavloshchuk V. A. , Shanskii L.I.
Published: November 2024

The singlet band system in the middle ultraviolet region of the absorption spectrum of solid oxygen, having various isotopic compositions, is investigated. It is shown that these bands are associated with molecular excitation in the  1Σu--state. The possible exciton-magnon nature of the bands of this series is discussed. The potential curves of the  1Σu--state in the crystal and in the gas are calculated.
Electron-phonon interaction spectra in silver and gold
Authors: Shalov Yu. N. , Yanson I. K.
Published: November 2024

Studies have been made of the nonlinear current-voltage curves of microscopic silver and gold contacts at low temperatures (1.5°K). The electron-phonon interaction function g(ω) = a2(ω)F(ω) has been reconstructed from the second derivative with respect to voltage of the current-voltage curves. A significant difference has been found between g(ω) and the phonon density of states F(ω).
Electronic structure of gallium under pressure
Authors: Galkin A. A. , Popovich A. I. , Degtyar' E. P. , Vitchinkin V. Y. , Pisarev L. T.
Published: November 2024

The dependence of the extremal cross-sectional areas Sextr of some bands of the Fermi surface on quasihydrostatic pressure is investigated using the magnetoacoustic method and high pressure techniques. New data for Sextr (P) are obtained which depend on the degree of hydrostaticity of the medium transmitting pressure to the sample. The results suggest that a topological Lifshits transition occurs in gallium at a pressure P∼ 1 kbar.
Effect of nonmagnetic impurities on nuclear spin relaxation in superconductors
Authors: Vladimir M. I. , Serdyuk A. D.
Published: November 2024

The results of a calculation of the rate of spin-lattice relaxation of nuclear magnetic moments in two-band semiconductors with nonmagnetic impurities are described. Small and large nonmagnetic impurity densities are considered. In both cases a logarithmic contribution of the concentration-dependent term in the rate of relaxation is obtained. When the impurity density approaches zero there is a logarithmic divergence characteristic for the corresponding expression in a pure superconductor following from the Bardeen–Cooper–Shrieffer theory.
Light absorption spectrum and magnetic behavior of CsMnF3 in fields to 300 kOe
Authors: Mil'ner A. A. , Popkov Yu. A.
Published: November 2024

An expenmental study is made of the effect of a magnetic field of intensity up to 300 kOe on the absorption spectrum of the antiferromagnet CsMnF3, in the region of the 6A1g→4A1g, 4Eg transition. It is shown that the behavior of band intensities and frequency intervals corresponds to changes in the magnetic Structure atypical of antiferromagnets because of differing exchange interaction in nonequivalent ion pairs. Consideration of the latter in interpretation of the spectrum allows establishment of the relationship with concrete sublattices of excitations responsible for various absorption bands and permits interpretation of one band as an exciton-two magnon band. A comparison is made between the experimentally observed increase in an external field of the intensity of purely exciton bands and the theory of two ion light absorption by group D6h4 antiferromagnets. Estimates of dipole moments in ion pairs give values of ∼ 10 cm−1.
Localized one-magnon states in a one-dimensional ferromagnet with uniaxial-anisotropic exchange interaction in the presence of an impurity
Authors: Okladnoi Yu. G. , Kravchenko A. V.
Published: November 2024

Localized one-magnon states of a one-dimensional ferromagnet with uniaxial exchange interaction are studied when the ferromagnet is placed in a longitudinal magnetic field in the presence of an impurity. It is shown that a system of this kind can have no more than one antisymmetric localized impurity states; the effect of single-ion anistropy on the localized states is equivalent to a change in the g-factors.
Nonresonance absorption of a uhf field in low-dimension antiferromagnets
Authors: Pereverzev Yu. V. , Stepanov A. A.
Published: November 2024

The method of two-time Green's functions is used to obtain an expression for the absorption coefficient of a longitudinally polarized uhf field in a quasi-two-dimensional biaxial antiferromagnet in magnetic fields exceeding the reversal field of the magnetic sublattices. It is shown that the magnitude of the absorption is determined by the coupling of the uhf field with the low-frequency magnons through the antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) of the high-frequency branch. The integrated intensity of the absorption under consideration is comparable with the integrated intensity on the AFMR.
The theory of nonlinear combination interactions between first and second sound in liquid helium II
Authors: Rudenko V. K.
Published: November 2024

Nonlinear combination interaction between first and second sound in liquid helium II—parametric excitation of second sound waves by first sound in a resonator, is considered. For unequal group velocities of the second-sound waves the phenomenon of pulling should be observed: The fundamental parametric excited waves inhibit the parametric excitation of waves at the closest neighboring frequencies.
Critical field anomalies of thin superconducting films with implanted helium particles
Authors: Moshenskii A. A. , Fogel' N. Ya. , Sidorenko A. S. , Tishchenko L. P.
Published: November 2024

The influence of helium ion implantation on the parallel critical field Hc∥ and the angular dependence of Hc in In films has been investigated. It has been observed that the dependence of Hc∥ on the temperature, the film thickness d, and the mean free path l agrees satisfactorily with the predictions of theory for low doses of irradiation (N ≤7⋅1017 ion/cm1). For high irradiation doses a number of anomalies is observed in the behavior of Hc∥ and the angular dependence of Hc: The value of the critical thickness at which a vortex stale occurs in a film in a parallel magnetic field turns out to be substantially smaller than predicted by the Abrikosov–Kulik theory; a deviation from the angular dependence of Hc computed by Tinkham is detected in the temperature range T ∼ Tc, where ξ (t) ≫ d for high irradiation doses Hc∥ diminishes with a decrease in l. It is shown that the first two anomalies in the behavior of Hc∥ and HC(θ) can be explained by anisotropies of the transport properties, and therefore, in the coherence lengths in indium films with helium implantation. The last anomaly is associated with the effect of film swelling because of the formation of volume defects in the form of gas-filled pores therein. The possibility of an analogy between In films with helium implantation and laminar superconductors is examined.
Current–voltage characteristics of NbSe2 superconducting microbridges
Authors: Balla D. D. , Zaitsev G. A. , Obolenskii M. A. , Chashka Kh. B.
Published: November 2024

The current–voltage characteristics of NbSe2 superconducting microbridges were studied experimentally. A hysteresis of critical currents has been found in the current-voltage characteristics of microbridges larger than 5×10×1 μ in size, while no hysteresis but anomalies in the form of a time-dependent and field-dependent voltage have been found in the case of microbridges not larger than 5 ×10×1 μ.
Electrical and galvanomagnetic properties of V3Si single crystals
Authors: Pan V. M. , Prokhorov V. G.
Published: November 2024

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ and of the Hall coefficient R0 over the 17-300°K. temperature range was studied experimentally on V3Si single crystal of various degrees of purity. The results are analyzed here on the basis of known theoretical models. Conclusions are drawn concerning an appreciable effect of lattice anharmoncity on the anomalous behavior of the electrical resistivity in these compounds. The low-temperature features on their ρ(T) and R0(T) curves at the martensitic transition point are attributed to a change in the electron structure of V3Si.
Vortex-pinning forces in superconducting niobium-zirconium alloys with low jc
Authors: Borka S. , Goncharov I. N. , Frichevski D. , Khukhareva I. S.
Published: November 2024

The critical currents are studied in the entire region of existence of the mixed state in ribbon specimens of Nb-80% Zr in recrystallized and cold-deformed states (magnetic field perpendicular to the surface). It is found that at low temperatures the pinning force Fc grows exponentially with a decrease in h = H/Hc2(T) from the region of the peak effect, while its more rapid growth (by a power law) is observed at small h with the approach to Tc. The temperature dependence with small h = const can be represented in the form Fc∼Hc22(T), while Fc varies more strongly with temperature as h→1. The results are compared with the Larkin-Ovchinnikov theory, which analyzes the pinning on inhomogeneities of the effective electron-interaction constant and of the electron mean free path.
Strength of an ideal vortex lattice in a superconductor
Authors: Tkachenko V. K.
Published: November 2024

The vortex lattice in a type II superconductor near Hc2 is analyzed. The maximum deformation of a triangular lattice at which the lattice retains stability against long-wave perturbations is calculated. A hypothesis concerning a Gaussian vortex interaction is advanced.
Antiferromagnetic resonance and two-magnon absorption in the low-dimensional antiferromagnet CsMnCI3·2H2O
Authors: Anders A. G. , Zvyagin A. I. , Petutin A. I.
Published: November 2024

The absorption of SHF power in the quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet CsMnCI3·2H2O is studied. Homogeneous antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) at frequencies of 10−130 GHz with T = 1.46°K and its temperature and angular dependences are studied. It is established that the size of the energy gap in the AFMR spectrum varies with an increase in temperature in proportion to the magnetization of the sublattice. Features of the absorption spectrum due to the low dimensionality of the magnetic structure of this crystal are found: two-magnon subthreshold absorption with the participation of magnons from the upper and lower branches of the spin-wave spectrum. The frequency-field dependences of these bands are studied.
Volume and shear viscosity of liquid argon-krypton mixtures
Authors: Mikhailenko S. A. , Dudar' V. G. , Derkach V. N. , Zozulya V. N.
Published: November 2024

Volume viscosity of liquid Ar-Kr mixtures of various compositions was determined from sound absorption measurements for the frequency range 25−126 MHz in the temperature interval 90−140° K. Shear viscosity was determined by the oscillations disk method over the same concentration and temperature ranges. The apparently different dependences of shear and volume viscositities on mixture composition are analyzed within the one- and two-liquid solution models, and corresponding relaxation times are estimated. The results obtained are evaluated from the viewpoint of change in the character of thermal motion with change in mixture composition.
The role of electronic excitations with energy distribution in local nonequilibrium in increasing T
c
Authors: Karas' V. I. , Moiseev S. S. , Novikov V. E. , Seminozhenko V. P.
Published: November 2024

Using a system of integral equations for the nonequilibrium gap Δk in the quaisparticle energy spectrum and the energy renormalization function Zk, the question of superconductivity enhancement (increase in superconductive transition temperature Tc) due to creation of nonequilibrium distributions of electron excitations is considered. It is shown that a new enhancement mechanism exists, based on pumping of excitations into the Debye frequency region.
Influence of lattice defects and localized magnetic moments on the Josephson current in layered composites
Authors: Bulaevskii L. N. , Kuzii V. V.
Published: November 2024

Layered crystals, both without localized magnetic states and with intercalated magnetic centers forming a two-dimensional lattice are considered under the condition that Josephson interaction between the superconducting layers is realized. It is shown that in the first case the amplitude of the Josephson current flowing between the superconducting layers, and the interaction between the layers, respectively, diminishes sharply upon “degradation” of the layered crystal structure. In the presence of magnetic centers between the superconducting layers, the amplitude of the Josephson current contains a component Js corresponding to electron transitions between the layers through the localized magnetic states. In this case, the component Js is considerably smaller for a disordered system of localized spins than the same component for an ordered system of localized spins.
Stability of the metallic state in a one-dimensional model
Authors: Rangelov I. M.
Published: November 2024

The change in the total energy of collectivized valence electrons is calculated in the tight-binding approximation and in the Kronig-Penney model, and the enhancement of the elastic lattice energy with distortion as a result of a doubling of the lattice period is evaluated in the Frenkel model. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium deformation parameter is found, as well as the dependence of the maximum width of the Peierls gap on the Fermi energy and on the deformation potential. The effect of lattice dynamics on structural transitions is taken into account.
Low-temperature heat capacity of fcc lattice containing substitutional impurities
Authors: Peresada V. I. , Tolstoluzhskii V. P.
Published: November 2024

The contribution of substitutional impurities to the heat capacity of an fcc lattice is calculated with the help of an analytical approximation of the shift function (harmonic approximation, nearest neighbor interaction, low impurity concentration). Graphs of heat capacity calculation results are presented for different impurity masses m′ and nearest neighbor force constants ϕ′. The analytical dependence of the heat capacity on m′ and ϕ′ is determined for T→0. The proposed procedure can be used for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of crystals containing localized defects of different types.
Detection of singularities on (pH2, nH2) hydrogen freezing curves
Authors: Bereznyka N. G. , Sheinina A. A.
Published: November 2024

The freezing curves of hydrogen of equilibrium and of normal ortho-para composition were measured from the vapor-liquid-crystal triple point to 16° K. The freezing curves were observed to have a kink which could be explained as a manifestation of a new phase transition in the solid phase.
Superconductivity in two-component compounds. The isotope effect in PdH
Authors: Morozov A. I.
Published: November 2024

The isotope effect is considered for intermediate-coupling superconducting compounds. An additional contribution to the effect is found, which is absent in pure superconductors. For PdH the expression for Tc agrees with the inverse isotope effect observed when hydrogen is substituted by deuterium.
Theory of the anomalous penetration of an electromagnetic field into a metal
Authors: Kaner É. A. , Makarov N. M. , Rozhavskii A. S.
Published: November 2024

The effect of the anomalous penetration of an electromagnetic field through a network of electronic trajectories in a metal located in a parallel magnetic field is considered. The reflection of electrons from the boundary is almost specular. The nature of the field distribution in the sample is studied. It is shown that the number of current spikes is equal to two. At distances from the boundary exceeding the sphere of existence of the last spike, the field is of a quasiharmonic nature. The dynamics of conversion of the spikes into a quasiharmonic wave field distribution is analyzed.
Determination of the electron-phonon interaction function of a normal metal by means of the proximity effect
Authors: Svistunov V. M. , Belogolovskii M. A.
Published: November 2024

The article explores the possibility of determining the electron-phonon interaction function of a normal metal in direct contact with a superconductor on the basis of the junction tunneling characteristics.
Phonon generation coefficient and nonreciprocity of the bismuth current-voltage characteristic
Authors: Bogod Yu. A. , Valeev R. G.
Published: November 2024

Comparison of the bismuth current-voltage characteristic with a theoretical formula which contains the phonon generation coefficient in explicit form provides information on the generation coefficient's dependence on temperature and magnetic field. The theoretical formula obtained in the present study together with the temperature dependence of the generation coefficient easily explains the anomalous temperature behavior of magnetoresistance oscillation amplitude in the nonlinear regime {Yu. A. Bogod and R. G. Valeev, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 2, 897 (1976) [Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys. 2; Solid State Commun. 20, (1976)] 1061 (1976)}. Oscillations of the generation coefficient and consideration of Fermi surface anisotropy permit suggestions as to the causes of new features of the bismuth nonreciprocity effect observed in this study. (The nonreciprocity effect is the nonreproducibility of the nonlinear segment of the current-voltage characteristic in a reversed magnetic field H). New features discovered are the equivalence of reversing magnetic and electric fields; the nonmonotonic dependence on H of the difference in electric field intensity within the specimen Δ E(H) = E(H)−E(—H) for a given current value: change in sign of ΔE at certain H values; the possibility of suppressing or exciting instability by reversing the direction of charge carrier drift velocity. Calculation of electron drift velocities in the ellipsoidal Fermi surface approximation permitted explanation of the deviation of the current-voltage characteristic from Ohm's law even at cE/H ≈ 0.5s (where s is the speed of sound), which was observed in the present study.
Electrical properties of bismuth-antimony alloy films
Authors: Nikitin Yu. V.
Published: November 2024

A study was made concerning the dependence of the electrical resistivity, the magnetoresistance, and the Hall coefficient at 4.2°K on the antimony concentration in 4000 Å-thick specimens of variable-composition bismuth-antimony alloys. An anomalous decrease in the electrical resistivity has been found to occur in massive crystals within their semiconducting range of alloy composition. The absence of a transition into a semiconducting state in these films is attributable to an anomalous dimensional effect associated with the subsurface potential.
The theory of surface spin waves in Heisenberg ferromagnetics
Authors: Gel'fgat I. M. , Syrkin E. S.
Published: November 2024

Dispersion relationships for spin states localized at the crystal surface are obtained for fcc and bcc simple ferromagnetic lattice models, described by an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor interaction, and for complex CsCl and NaCl type ferromagnetic lattices in the one-magnon approximation. The plane (001) was chosen as the surface bounding the semi-infinite ferromagnet.