bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality analysis and prospects for use of lupin seeds of Belarusian selection
Authors: Rukshan Lyudmila , Navazhilova Alena , Kudin Dmitry
Published: March 2020

The paper investigates technological parameters of the quality of low-alkaloid lupin of five cultivars selected and grown in the Republic of Belarus during the years from 2007 to 2017. Prospects for the use of the obtained seeds have been studied. This study reveals great influence of cultivar and climatic conditions during growth of lupin seeds on correlation of anatomic parts in seeds as well as on their physical properties. Cultivar of lupin seeds Jan is recommended for whole grain flour and graded flour production based on its anatomic composition, uniformity and physical properties. A comparative analysis of chemical composition, quality parameters and technological properties of lupin flour has been done. The chemical composition of lupin flour, of whole grain lupin flour, in particular, has been found to be relatively low in starch, high in protein, food fibers, minerals and organic acids. As a result, whole grain lupin flour has been proved to have higher food value when compared to traditional wheat flour. This paper demonstrates the difference between lupin flour characteristics and those of wheat flour in terms of color, acidity, enzymatic activity and adsorbing properties. This study reveals the possibility of use of lupin flour in bakery products by substituting traditional types of flour with lupin flour at 10-30% levels, as well as by replacing egg products with lupin flour at 25-50% levels. The work highlights the use of lupin flour at the stages of dough kneading, dough preparation, foam and emulsion production mainly by using rapid dough making methods.Practical applicationsRecommendations have been made on the usage of lupin flour in the technological process of bakery products manufacturing, macaroni and flour confectionery products production.
Structural characteristics and functional properties of fiber-rich by-products of white cabbage modified by high-energy wet media milling
Authors: Von Ulardt Isis , Springer Marlen , Valbuena Rafael
Published: March 2020

The recovery of residues and by-products of the food industry plays an important role in terms of sustainable management. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyse the effect of wet milling parameters on dietary fiber concentrates of white cabbage by products or, more precisely, the stalks of cabbage. The input of hydraulic shear-energy during wet milling process leads to a partial modification of the structure of fiber components to obtain compounds with high water- and oil-binding properties. Furthermore, the wet milling parameters affect the functional properties of the fiber concentrates. A mathematical model was developed which relates the functional properties to the parameters of the colloid mill such as slurry concentration, milling time, agitation speed and particle size distribution. A slurry of the grounded material is forced into the milling gap. Grinding is autogenous as a result of collisions between rotating particles. All of the material in the process stream is being grounded finer than the gap setting and grinding can be optimized by adjusting mill operating parameters. The identification of the relations between milling parameters and functional properties is necessary in order to comprehend the processing characteristics of the material in the context of fiber enriched food products manufacturing.
Effects of fructose and stevia on the rheological, technological and sensory characteristics of ice cream
Authors: Treciokiene Ernesta , Sostakiene Ilona
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the potential use of fructose and stevia to improve the technological parameters of ice cream. Ice cream was made of 2 different mixtures. Low-fat ice cream mixtures (0.4% fat) were made with: sweet buttermilk, 5% fructose, 20% banana puree, and sweet buttermilk, 5% fructose, 20% pear puree. The ice cream with stevia was made with cream (13% fat), milk, skim milk powder and whey powder, cherry puree (16%) and 0.48% stevia solution (20% concentration). The ice cream with banana showed rapid melting rate and the highest acidity. On the contrary, the ice cream with pear showed lower melting rate, but caused to increase the hardness and resulted with less overall acceptability. The enrichment of the ice cream with stevia and cherry showed the same coherence of hardness and overall acceptability.
Family Values in A. Bryzhinsky’s Stories
Authors: Ermina Natal'ya Ivanovna
Published: March 2020

The article examines creative work of the Mordovian writer A. Bryzhinsky in the axiological aspect. Special attention is paid to analysing peculiarities of traditional family values representation, specific features of the marital relations model in his stories, which have not been previously investigated from the viewpoint of artistic axiology. It is stated that studying the axiological component of the writer’s creative work allows the researcher to identify his ethical ideal, to reveal its role in formation of individual and communal values.
Reception of J. W. Goethe’s Works by Ferdinand von Zaar
Authors: Loshakova Galina Aleksandrovna , Smirnova Lyudmila Evgen'evna
Published: March 2020

The article considers the reception of J. W. Goethe’s works by the famous Austrian prose-writer Ferdinand von Saar (1833-1906). It is shown that J. W. Goethe’s creative work was an important landmark in the artistic world of the Austrian writer. It is ascertained that Saar’s texts contain Goethe’s reminiscences: the hero who describes in letters his tragic love story (“Marianne”); the personages’ names and plot collisions (“Hermann and Dorothea”). The article aims to identify the degree of the German classic’s influence on the Austrian writer’s creative work. Originality of the study involves postulating the receptive influence of Goethe’s works on F. von Zaar’s worldview and discourse. The paper concludes about creative re-interpretation of Goethe’s themes and motives in F. von Zaar’s works.
Antonymy as a Means to Create Contrast in A. I. Kuprin’s Stories
Authors: Viktorina Tat'yana Valentinovna
Published: March 2020

The article considers the role of antonymy as a means to create contrast in A. I. Kuprin’s stories. The types of antonyms used by the writer and their functions are described, examples of between-parts-of-speech antonymy are provided. Stylistic devices based on antonymy are examined. The analysis has identified that the author’s individual style involves contrastive description of artistic reality; the stories are filled with oppositions based on linguistic and contextual antonymy. The writer turns to both verbally pronounced antonymy and “flawed” antonymic pairs, complex antithesis predominates.
Means to Form the English Medical Terms-Eponyms
Authors: Khakieva Zalikha Usmanovna , Zekieva Petimat Masudovna , Abdulkhadzhieva Mar'yam Ruslanovna
Published: March 2020

The paper aims to analyse the basic means to form terms-eponyms in the English-language medical terminology. Using the structural analysis method, the authors identify the most productive means of the eponymic medical term formation. As a result of the study, five means to form terms-eponyms in the English-language professional medical terminology are identified. The findings indicate that non-permanent usage of possessive case in the English-language eponymic medical term serves as the basic means to form terms-eponyms.
Semantic Formation of Culturally Specific Units in the Terminological System of the British School Education
Authors: Tsverkun Yuliya Borisovna
Published: March 2020

The article examines peculiarities of the semantic term formation in the terminological system of the British school education. The paper focuses on studying culturally specific terminological units. The author justifies relevance of studying semantic term-formative methods within the framework of the conception of the cultural component of the term meaning. Historical and etymological, definitional and lexico-semantic analysis methods are applied to reveal specificity of the semantic term formation in the sphere of the British school education.
Terminologization in the English-Language Sports Discourse (by the Example of Winter Sports Terminology)
Authors: Tsybina Larisa Viktorovna , Koshel'kina Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Izosimova Valeriya Olegovna
Published: March 2020

The article examines the formation of the English-language skiing and figure skating terms by means of semantic transformation of colloquial lexemes (terminologization). The paper studies the functioning of such sports terms in the lexical system and in the discourse of the Internet sports magazines. Such means of terminologization as clarification and concretization of meaning, metaphorical and metonymical transfer are described. Functional peculiarities of the analysed terminology are revealed.
Reconstruction of the Past in M. Shishkin’s Small Prose (by the Material of the Short Stories Collection “The Half-Belt Overcoat”)
Authors: Kuryaev Il'gam Ryasimovich
Published: March 2020

The article analyses the means to reconstruct space of the past in M. Shishkin’s small prose. It is shown that the author creates two models of the past: the narrator’s flashback, which actualizes non-autonomous sphere of the past, and common space of the relatively autonomous past shared by two or more narrators. These overlapping models create complicated architecture of an epoch that realizes the fractal principle and allows generating a variety of semantic concepts associated with “search of lost time” and its written fixation.
Criteria to Identify a Non-Marked Intertextual Unit in the Poetical Text (by the Material of the English-Language Poetry)
Authors: Sergodeev Il'ya Vital'evich
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to studying intertextual units of a poetical text. Relevance of the paper is conditioned by the fact that the modern linguo-poetical analysis lacks formal criteria to identify non-marked intertextual units. The author aims to reveal these criteria. Originality of the research involves the development of general (repeatability, awareness, auto-graphicity/allo-graphicity) and special (absence of a contextual partner, conjunction of contextual meanings, enigmaticity) criteria to identify non-marked intertextual units.
Communicative and Functional Approach to Studying Representation of Silence Phenomenon in Proverbs and Sayings (by the Material of the Russian, English and German Folk Aphorisms)
Authors: Denisova Elena Aleksandrovna , Lipatova Yuliya Yur'evna
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to studying the functional aspect of folk aphorisms about silence in the Russian, English and German languages. The authors identify the following functions of silence in proverbs and sayings: axiological, prescriptive, constative, informative, emotive ones. The study aims to reveal common and specific features of the silence phenomenon in the Russian, English and German linguistic worldviews. The research findings allow concluding that silence is a multifunctional phenomenon that acquires different interpretations in the analysed linguo-cultures.
Comparative Analysis of Disagreement Expression Means in the English and Spanish Languages (by the Material of the Novel “The Dollmaker of Krakow” by Rachel Romero)
Authors: Deputatova Natal'ya Anatol'evna , Shangaraeva Liya Faridovna , Akimova Ol'ga Valer'evna
Published: March 2020

The article aims to identify and systematize sematic and pragmatic characteristics of initial replicas of disagreement in the English and Spanish languages and to examine the meaningful aspect of replicas of disagreement in the communicative situation. For the first time the authors present the sematic and pragmatic analysis of direct and indirect speech acts of disagreement in the English and Spanish languages using examples of fiction. The findings indicate that in most cases you can hear direct initial replicas in the English speech acts of disagreement; the Spaniards use both direct and indirect speech acts of disagreement.
Inter-Discursive Inclusions in the Aspect of Translation (by the Material of Ch. Tomlinson’s Poems)
Authors: Kovalenko Galina Fedorovna
Published: March 2020

The article examines the inter-discursivity phenomenon in the linguo-culturological and translation aspect. The paper aims to identify inter-discursive inclusions in Ch. Tomlinson’s poetical texts and to find out to what extent they are preserved in translation. The means for interaction of poetical texts with religious discourse, music and theatre at the verbal and figurative level are revealed. Scientific originality of the study involves identifying inter-discursivity markers in poetical texts little known to the Russian readers and describing the techniques to preserve inter-discursive inclusions in translation.
Specificity of the English and Russian Comparisons in Linguo-Culturological Aspect
Authors: Ryzhenkova Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

The article examines the English and Russian comparisons in the linguo-culturological aspect. The paper aims to identify peculiarities of the English comparisons contrasted to the Russian ones. Originality of the study involves analysing figurativeness as a component of lexical meaning that represents and describes national and cultural phenomena. Extensive illustrative material is presented. The findings indicate that the figurative basis of comparisons is a key component of meaning that has a powerful emotional-evaluative potential. The images of comparisons differ cardinally in the English and Russian languages; consequently, the English and Russian comparisons differ in terms of their emotional-evaluative potential and stylistic markedness.
Principles and Criteria for Choosing a Fiction Text when Teaching Russian to the Tajik Students
Authors: Baryshnikova Elena Nikolaevna , Saidov Zainularab Zaburiddinovich
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the issue of selecting the Russian-language fiction texts to teach Russian at the Tajik school. The authors study the principles and criteria of fiction texts selection according to the pupils’ linguistic development level, ways of their adaptation, possibilities of practical application while working with the Tajik schoolchildren. The fiction text is considered as a speech unit forming crosscultural, communicative, cognitive and area studies competencies and realizing the principle of communicative teaching.
Meaningful and Poetical Originality of the Story “The Legend of Khuga” by I. S. Khugaev
Authors: Afanas'ev Oleg Igorevich
Published: March 2020

The article provides a comprehensive philological analysis of the story “The Legend of Khuga” by the modern Ossetian writer Irlan Khugaev. The conducted research allows concluding that the writer reconsiders the established view of a mountaineer traditionally endowed with such features as fearlessness, boldness, dexterity, neglect of danger and describes an ordinary rural worker, with all his weaknesses and shortcomings, who appreciates folk culture, folk traditions and finds happiness in everyday work. For the first time the paper examines in detail all the text elements influencing its interpretation.
Post-Romanticism Epoch - Artwork Directions
Authors: Demchenko Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: March 2020

В рубрике От главного редактора продолжается публикация большой серии художественно-исторических эссе, в которых последовательно рассматриваются крупнейшие эпохи. Эти обзоры призваны наметить панораму эволюции человечества в призме реалий всех видов искусства с выходом на онтологические обобщения. В предыдущих эссе были рассмотрены Древний мир, Античность, Средневековье, Возрождение, Барокко, Просвещение, Романтизм.
Political Paradoxes of November Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany
Authors: Plenkov Oleg Yur'evich , Samylov Oleg Valer'evich
Published: March 2020

The article identifies distorted and politicized interpretations of November Revolution in Germany, from recognition of full dependence of the new authorities on the armed forces and monopoly capital to interpreting the revolution as a chain of mistakes and betrayals of democracy on the part of left-wing parties. The authors consider development of the revolutionary movement of 1918 in Bavaria against the background of the First World War. The paper emphasizes that the described events were spontaneous mobilization of right-wing forces rather than a social revolution.
Relevance of Political Modernization Problem at the End of the XX Century in Modern Japan
Authors: Shevchuk Ol'ga Mikhailovna
Published: March 2020

The article reveals relevance of the political modernization problem in modern Japan. Stage-by-stage transformations are conditioned by a number of external and internal factors. The paper aims to analyse causes of Japan’s political modernization at the end of the XX century, to justify their relevance for the XXI-century Japan. Influence of external factors is preserved, but at the turn of the centuries, internal factors associated with Japan’s transformation into the information society become the key ones, and it determines specificity of modernization processes of Heisei era.
“Art of Thinking” as Autodicy: L. Shestov’s “Philosophy of Tragedy”
Authors: Petryk Yanina Yur'evna
Published: March 2020

The article analyses tragedy of human life through the lenses of philosophical and esthetical autodicy. The problem of self-justification (autodicy) is closely associated with the basic existentials, and philosophical reflection in its esthetical and axiological aspect (art of thinking) presupposes recognition and justification of substantial elements of human existence, which constitute “philosophy of tragedy”. Through “art of thinking” a human understands tragic depths of existence and creates unique autodicy of his life.
Ethics and Aesthetics of Posture
Authors: Osintseva Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: March 2020

The article aims to examine the posture phenomenon in the aspect of anthropological ontology. The human’s somatic culture is a manifestation of their spirituality. It is shown that posture represents the human’s social identity and spirit of the epoch. The body’s spatial location is a manifestation of knowledge, grace, charisma, freedom. Posture not only represents the individual’s culture but determines their self-perception and social perception. The individual assimilates values depending on their level of somatic involvement in the community’s culture.
The European and American Feminism through the Eyes of the Russian Provincialist of the Beginning of the XX Century
Authors: Sobakina Anna Anatol'evna
Published: March 2020

The article examines cultural and philosophical problems of genesis and propagation of feminist moods in the Russian province of the beginning of the XX century. Women’s emancipation is a strikingly indicative process, which involves confrontation of conservative and modernistic values that determine spiritual content of the past and modern epochs. Publications of “Vologda Provincial Bulletin”, “Russian North” and “Northern Time” newspapers are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation. The research objective includes analysing the provincial modus of the feminism phenomenon by the example of the regional Vologda press.
Influence of Translated and Original English-Language Liturgical Hymns on the Russian Protestant Discourse
Authors: Tulyanskaya Yuliya Tikhonovna , Maksimov Vadim Vyacheslavovich
Published: March 2020

The article examines backgrounds for appearance in the Russian religious space of such a phenomenon of liturgical music as a Protestant hymn. The paper aims to analyse influence of the textual component on the Russian Protestant religious discourse. Contrary to previous researches, the study focuses on the problem of influence of translated liturgical songs texts on the Russian Protestants’ worldview. The conducted research shows that translated hymns texts introduced into the Russian Protestant discourse certain new concepts represented in the original Russian-language hymns. These concepts are still relevant for the Russian Protestant discourse.
Innovation as a Debatable Problem of Leningrad Post-War Reconstruction
Authors: Bakhareva Yuliya Yur'evna
Published: March 2020

Analysing architectural projects of 1941-1945 and proceedings of creative discussions, the author identifies specificity of the innovative approach in works of Leningrad architects of the Great Patriotic War period. For the first time innovation is examined as a creative task of Leningrad post-war reconstruction. The author concludes about interrelation of tradition and innovation in the city planning projects as manifestation of overall orientation towards continuity of architectural and town-planning ideas.
Decorative Ensemble of St Prince Vladimir’s Church in Barnaul as an Example of Modern Sacral Artistic Space
Authors: Kreidun Yurii Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2020

The author analyses the principles of icon ensemble creation in the modern church interior. The research material includes the frescos of St Prince Vladimir’s Church in Barnaul. The study focuses on analysing the visual language of the monumental icon ensemble. The author concludes that the icon ensemble is focused on a spatial four-dimensional icon that harmoniously combines narrative, mysterious, didactic and liturgical meanings.
A. A. Mylnikov’s Influence on China’s Artistic Environment
Authors: Wang Chao
Published: March 2020

The article examines influence of the realistic painter A. A. Mylnikov on the Chinese oil painting. The exhibition “The Road to the Artist: To the 100th Anniversary of A. A. Mylnikov” (2019) in Shanghai Art Museum testifies to the growing interest for his artistic and pedagogical heritage. The paper provides a compositional and artistic analysis of A. Mylnikov’s works, identifies his genre preferences and creative conceptions he followed throughout his creative career. Conclusions are made about influence of A. A. Mylnikov’s creative work on China’s artistic environment.
Krisis Dalam Arkeologi Indonesia
Authors: Faizaliskandiar Mindra
Published: March 2020

Apakah arkeologi mempunyai paradigmanya sendiri? Sebuah pertanyaan mendasar lantas menjadi penting, arkeologi termasuk ilmu atau seni? Seolah menjawab pertanyaan ini, arkeolog Amerika James F. Deetz menulis: "As a part of cultural anthropology, archaeology is legitimately as social science" (Deetz 1971: 3). Akan tetapi sampal di sini masalahnya tidak lantas menjadi usai. Apakah hanya karena sebagai bagian dari ilmu antropologi budaya saja arkeologi dapat disebut ilmu?
Synchronous Online-Teaching on EU Foreign Affairs: A Blended-Learning Project of Seven Universities between E-Learning and Live Interaction
Authors: Plank Friedrich , Niemann Arne
Published: March 2020

Together with 6 universities in Germany, we organised a seminar on the inter-relations between crises in Europe and their effects on European foreign affairs. The seminar was conceptualised with regard to two dimensions: (1) weekly live-interaction between more than 150 students with a clear schedule for discussions and presentations, and (2) an e-learning portal that constituted the main reference for various elements of learning and information exchange. Within this framework, students in working groups across different universities critically developed problem-based assumptions and arguments on EU foreign affairs both live and through the e-learning portal. The projects thus included both synchronous teaching and blended-learning elements. Our aim was to particularly link students from different disciplinary and knowledge backgrounds who discussed current issues of EU studies/ EU foreign affairs. In this paper, we interrogate and reflect on this teaching experience by elaborating on its technical and didactical aspects, presenting its innovative character, outlining its strengths and weaknesses, and providing recommendations for colleagues.
KAWIN CAMPUR (Perspektif ULANGAN 7:1-6)
Authors: Lumingkewas Marthin Steven
Published: March 2020

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadiran Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala berkat dan tuntunan-Nya yang telah memberikan kekuatan serta kemampuan kepada penulis sehingga pengembangan karya ilmiah ini menjadi sebuah buku. Adapun tujuan penulisan buku ini adalah supaya orang percaya khususnya dalam memilih pasangan dapat memilih pasangan yang seiman dan tidak menajiskan statusnya sebagai umat pilihan serta kepercayaan kepada Allah. Pemahaman ini sangat penting sebab banyak orang percaya masa kini yang masih jatuh dikesalahan yang sama yaitu dalam memilih pasangan. Orang percaya juga menyalahgunakan status yang telah Allah berikan kepadanya sebagai umat-Nya yang kudus, umat pilihan dan umat kesayangan-Nya.Untuk itu, melalui buku ini, penulis menyajikan beberapa solusi kepada orang-orang percaya bagaimana seharusnya bersikap sebagai umat pilihan Allah dalam memilih pasangan hidup sesuai kehendak-Nya supaya murka Allah tidak ditimpakan atas orang percaya. Selain itu orang percaya juga mampu menjaga status kekudusannya seperti yang tertulis dalam Ulangan 7:1-6.
El & YAHWEH (Allah Israel)
Authors: Lumingkewas Marthin Steven
Published: March 2020

Israel kuno hidup dan berbagi banyak hal dengan bangsa sekitarnya. Siapapun allah yang mereka klaim sebagai allah mereka, tidak menafikan sang allah juga diklaim oleh bangsa lain sekitar mereka. Yahweh menjadi Allah utama Israel melalui mulut Musa ketika ia bertemu dengan Yahweh di gunung Sinai. Yahweh dinyatakan datang dari Sinai. Teks lain menyatakan Yahweh datang dari Paran, Seir, Edom dan Somron. Semua lokasi ini berada di Selatan wilayah Palestina. Walaupun ada indikasi nama Yahweh terdeteksi di Ugarit, namun belum bisa dipastikan oleh para ahli apakah Yahweh yang dimaksud sama dengan Yahweh dalam berita Musa. Di Kanaan, ada kemungkinan Yahweh juga telah dikenal oleh bangsa-bangsa yang berdiam disekitar Kanaan. Perihal mereka pernah menyatakan Yahweh sebagai Allah mereka sebelum Israel menggunakannya, bukan perhatian dalam paper ini. Yang menjadi perhatian paper ini adalah apakah Yahweh sama dengan El allah Kanaan dan Ugarit? El dinyatakan sebagai Allah yang berdiam dalam dunia Mesopotamia. Dalam naskah Ugarit, ia dinyatakan sebagai kepala Panteon, sekaligus yang menciptakan manusia dan para allah yang tergambar dalam sidang ilahi yang dipimpinnya.
Appraisal of the Sentinel-1 & 2 use in a large-scale wildfire assessment: A case study from Portugal's fires of 2017
Authors: Brown Alexander R. , Petropoulos George , Ferentinos Konstantinos P.
Published: March 2020

The recent launch of Sentinel missions offers a unique opportunity to assess the impacts of wildfires at higherspatial and spectral resolution provided by those Earth Observing (EO) systems. Herein, an assessment of theSentinel-1 & 2 to map burnt areas has been conducted. Initially the use of Sentinel-2 solely was explored, andthen in combination with Sentinel-1 and derived radiometric indices. As a case study, the large wildfire occurredin Pedrógão Grande, Portugal in 2017 was used. Burnt area estimates from the European Forest FiresInformation System (EFFIS) were used as reference. Burnt area was delineated using the Maximum Likelihood(ML) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) classifiers, and two multi-index methods. Following this, burn severitywas assessed using SVMs and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), again for both standalone Sentinel-2 dataand in combination with Sentinel-1 and spectral indices. Soil erosion predictions were evaluated using theRevised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. The effect of the land cover derived from CORINE operationalproduct was also evaluated across the burnt area and severity maps. SVMs produced the most accurateburnt area map, resulting a 94.8% overall accuracy and a Kappa coefficient of 0.90. SVMs also achieved thehighest accuracy in burn severity levels estimation, with an overall accuracy of 77.9% and a kappa of 0.710.From an algorithmic perspective, implementation of the techniques applied herein, is based on EO imageryanalysis provided nowadays globally at no cost. It is also robust and adaptable, being potentially integrated withother high EO data available. All in all, our study contributes to the understanding of Mediterranean landscapedynamics and corroborates the usefulness of Sentinels data in wildfire studies.
Intergranular Fracture Prediction and Microstructure Design
Authors: osovski shmuel , Needelman Alan , Srivastava Ankit
Published: March 2020

A model based on discrete unit events coupled with a graph search algorithm is developed to predict intergranular fracture. The model is based on two hypotheses: (i) the key unit event associated with intergranular crack propagation is the interaction of a grain boundary crack with a grain boundary segment located at an angle with the initial crack plane; and (ii) for a given crack path, the overall crack growth resistance can be calculated using the crack growth resistance of a collection of unit events. Next, using a directed graph containing the connectivity of grain boundary junctions and the distances between them, and crack deflection versus crack growth resistance data, a directed graph in the J-resistance space is created. This graph contains information on the crack growth resistance for all possible crack paths in a given grain microstructure. Various crack growth resistance curves are then calculated including those corresponding to: (i) a local resistance minimum; (ii) a global minimum; and (iii) for verification, a path specified by microstructure-based finite element calculations. The results show that the proposed method based on discrete unit events and graph search can predict the crack path and the crack growth resistance for cracks that propagate from one grain boundary junction to another. The proposed computationally inexpensive model can be used to design material microstructures with improved intergranular fracture resistance, and/or to assess the overall crack growth resistance of materials with a known distribution of grain morphology.
When our beliefs face reality: An integrative review of belief updating in mental health and illness
Authors: Kube Tobias , Rozenkrantz Liron
Published: March 2020

“Belief updating" is a relatively nascent field of research, in which it is examined how people update their beliefs in the light of new evidence. So far, belief updating has been investigated in partly unrelated lines of research from different psychological disciplines. In this article, we aim to connect these disparate lines of research in an integrative approach. After presenting some prominent theoretical frameworks and experimental designs that have been used for the study of belief updating, we review how healthy people and people with mental disorders update their beliefs after receiving new information that supports or challenges their views. Available evidence suggests that both healthy people and people with particular mental disorders are prone to certain biases when updating their beliefs, although the nature of the respective biases varies considerably (depending on the particular mental disorder, for instance). Anomalies in belief updating are discussed both in terms of new insights into the psychopathology of various mental disorders and societal implications, such as irreconcilable political and societal controversies due to the failure to take information into account that disconfirms one's own view. We conclude by proposing a novel integrative model of belief updating and derive directions for future research.
The social dimension of participation and completion in MOOCs
Authors: Goglio Valentina , Parigi Paolo
Published: March 2020

The rapid and impressive development of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in less than half a decade has brought about contrasting arguments about their social dimension. This paper investigates how the socio-economic background of learners affects their own experience and their chances of course completion. The analyses test whether learners from low socio-economic status (SES) have lower chances of completing the online course and whether participation in online discussion forums mediates the role of SES. Analyzing data from two MOOCs provided by Stanford University, we find that in both cases a negative association between low SES, course completion and course engagement is observed. Moreover, we find that forum participation has an ambiguous role, reinforcing the advantage of well-educated learners enrolled in one course, while does not have any significant effect for the other course. The paper concludes with some policy implications on social stratification in MOOCs and with some design suggestions for creators of MOOCs.
Developing Core National Indicators of Public Attitudes Towards the Police in Canada
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Bradford Ben , Giacomantonio Christopher , Mugford Rebecca
Published: March 2020

Police departments regularly conduct public opinion surveys to measure attitudes towards the police. The results of these surveys can be used to shape and evaluate policing policy and practice. Yet the extant evidence base is hampered when people use different methods and where there is no common data standard. In this paper we present a set of 13 core national indicators that can be used by police services across Canada to ensure measurement quality and draw proper comparisons between regions and over time. Having identified a set of 50 survey questions through an expert consultation process, we field those items on a quota sample of 2,500 Canadians. Our analysis of the subsequent data has three stages. First, we use confirmatory factor analysis to assess scale properties. Second, we use a form of substitutability analysis to identify 13 single indicators that ‘best stand in’ for each scale. Third, we use the set of 50 and the sub-set of 13 measures to test procedural justice theory for the first time in the Canadian context. Overall, those commissioning and managing public attitudes surveys can use the 13 core indicators as a conceptually-rich and empirically-validated tool through which to understand local survey data in the context of other municipal, provincial and national data.
‘Tell me, what are you becoming?’ Hannibal and the inescapable presence of the grotesque
Authors: García Alberto N.
Published: March 2020

Aesthetics philosopher Noël Carroll affirms that grotesque forms ‘are all violations of our standing categories or concepts; they are subversions of our common expectations of the natural and ontological order’ (2003: 307). In breaking structural boundaries, consequently, the grotesque appears as deformations, aberrations, exaggerations, metamorphosis, or startling portmanteaus. Given both its nightmarish texture and the evil ingenuity of Dr. Lecter’s murders, Hannibal (NBC, 2013-15) ploughs fertile ground in putting together conceptually distant and even contradictory elements. Hence, this article explores how the aesthetic and philosophical principles of the grotesque are a pervasive presence throughout the entire Hannibal TV series, defining its style, characters’ personality and metaphorical themes. Putting art theory in dialogue with the Hannibal televised text, this article demonstrates how the grotesque – one of the key concepts in Gothic horror – permeates every level of the show, from the opening credits to the protagonist’s inner transformation, converting the narrative into a comprehensive and cohesive liminal artistic ecosystem.
The 1918 “Spanish Flu” Pandemic in the Ottoman Capital, Istanbul
Authors: Temel M. Kemal
Published: March 2020

Although the general course, possible transmission routes, and actual sociodemographic destruction of the 1918 influenza pandemic in the Western world are well documented, the literature lacks similar data about the Middle East. On the calamity’s centenary, this article aims to contribute to filling this gap, investigating the presence and effects of the pandemic in Istanbul, the city bridging the West and East, then as the capital of the Ottoman Empire. After the retrieval of the most relevant articles in Vakit, a daily Istanbul newspaper active throughout the pandemic, a variety of items, including articles with firsthand pronouncements from contemporaneous medical authorities and a clinical account of supportive autopsy findings, are scrutinized and interpreted. The reviewed data are concluded to indicate no epidemiological or factual exception, showing significant parallelism with the Western experience of the pandemic in terms of increased influenza mortality and morbidity, severe clinical presentation, common misinformation and misdiagnosis, and failure to provide effective prevention and medical treatment.
Darwinian Evolution’s First 50 Years of Impact on Medicine and Botany at the University of Toronto, 1859 to 1909
Authors: Court John P.M.
Published: March 2020

Prior to Darwin’s masterworks, a university professor of medicine’s purview generally included the professorship of botany and direction of the botanical gardens. Yet from the landmark 1876 Johns Hopkins model and especially after the 1910 Flexner Report, botany was limited at certain medical schools to (exaggerating somewhat) “decorating their lobbies!” Darwinian-era scientific paradigms spread from continental Europe through promulgators such as Huxley and Osler, transforming laboratory research, disease aetiology, biochemical therapeutics, and clinical “bedside” teaching. Unintended consequences at universities with medical schools might include altered loyalties and resources among competing disciplines. At the University of Toronto, botany vis-à-vis medicine was gradually treated as passé or secondary to zoology for modern, scientific platforms. This pattern was not universal; botany strongholds at universities such as Harvard continued to flourish. Where a negative perspective took hold with evolutionary impacts, botanists’ careers became limited and the impetus for maintaining botanic research and teaching facilities such as a university botanical gardens was impaired.
Anti-Veiling and the Charter of Québec Values: “Native Testimonials,” Erasure, and Violence against Montreal’s Muslim Women
Authors: Jahangeer Roshan Arah
Published: March 2020

Depuis plus d’une décennie au Québec, des débats gouvernementaux ont cours concernant la règlementation du port de « signes ou symboles religieux », notamment les hijabs, niqabs, kippas, turbans et grands crucifix. En tenant compte de l’islamophobie genrée, j’analyse le processus antivoile, qui se sert des appareils d’État, comme les politiques, le débat public ou la loi, pour régir les pratiques relatives au voile islamique. À la lumière de cette approche, j’examine les rencontres entre des féministes aux diverses positions dans le contexte du débat sur la Charte des valeurs québécoises (projet de loi 60) et j’analyse comment ces actions ont reproduit ou légitimé des formes précises de subjectivation. Je mets également au premier plan les entrevues que j’ai réalisées avec des femmes musulmanes à titre individuel et en tant que militantes entre 2013 et 2014. Je soutiens que le processus antivoile produit des conséquences négatives pour les musulmanes en privilégiant la «voix autochtone» des musulmanes « de l’intérieur » tout en effaçant la complexité des identités des femmes musulmanes et en minimisant la violence qui se manifeste dans les débats publics entourant les « signes ou symboles religieux ».
“You Start to Feel Like You’re Losing Your Mind”: An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis of Federal Correctional Segregation Policy and Practice
Authors: Prevost Haleigh , Kilty Jennifer M.
Published: March 2020

Le nombre de femmes, particulièrement de femmes autochtones, incarcérées dans les pénitenciers fédéraux canadiens et dans des unités d’isolement a augmenté régulièrement au cours de la dernière décennie. Le présent article propose une analyse des politiques fondées sur l’intersectionnalité et utilise l’étude de cas d’une femme autochtone pour examiner comment les femmes purgeant une peine fédérale vivent l’isolement et les problèmes d’inégalité qui sont illustrés par leur surreprésentation dans cette forme de détention des plus austères. Nous explorons les façons genrées et racialisées dont le Service correctionnel du Canada (SCC) interprète les comportements, les attitudes et même les personnalités des femmes qui sont placées en isolement. En examinant les politiques en matière de santé mentale, de genre et de culture dans le contexte de la gestion du risque et des besoins, nous concluons que le SCC ne protège pas les femmes marginalisées, mais convertit plutôt leurs besoins en risques à gérer. Nous proposons aussi d’autres réponses et solutions stratégiques visant à produire les changements sociaux et structuraux qui sont nécessaires pour réduire le caractère injuste des politiques et des pratiques correctionnelles.
BARRIERS IN ENHANCEMENT OF LOGISTICS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Tulaganova Shirin
Published: March 2020

It's hard to imagine any country which operates well organized foreign trade without logistics opportunities. Either an experienced entrepreneur or a startup owner in business field, they both have to provide quality services at as a low cost as possible. Because Logistics means, first of all, customer satisfaction. Clients should be informed 24/7 a day about the status of their order. Uzbekistan is twice closed, that is, one of the two countries in the world that have access to the ocean through the territory of two neighboring countries. The most important factor of the attractive geostrategic position of Uzbekistan is the availability of a developed system of transport communications, which practically satisfies the internal transportation needs. The Republic has the highest density of networks of railways and highways in Central Asia. Nevertheless, logistics services are relatively hard and expensive since Uzbekistan has no access to the sea and is far removed from the dominating global markets.
РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ПОРЯДКУ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ КОНКУРСУ З ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ ПАСАЖИРІВ НА АВТОБУСНОМУ МАРШРУТІ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО КОРИСТУВАННЯ
Authors: Ларченко М. О.
Published: March 2020

The article outlines the main provisions of the new concept of organization of passenger transport. The changes necessary for its implementation are proposed in the legal and regulatory framework. In particular, within the framework of the concept we are proposed: 1) the payment of the use of city infrastructure for carriers, determining the parameters and conditions that the city should provide for these funds; 2) the individualization of the business of transportation, the transition from hired labor to individual entrepreneurship; 3) organization of routes and schedules of traffic on applications of carriers; 4) rating of carriers according to open parameters, starting and dynamic ratings; 5) liability insurance of the carrier to the passengers for the fulfillment of the terms of the contract for the carriage, the responsibility of the vehicle owner to the carrier for the technical serviceability of vehicles, the responsibility of the carrier to the owner (manager) of the vehicle in accordance with the conditions of operation of the vehicle; 6) motivation of carriers for self-control using advanced technical means; 7) motivating carriers to provide additional services to the city (for example, monitoring the state of the carriageway, mobile video surveillance for security structures, etc.).
Women Rarely Worthy of Study: A History of Curriculum Reform in Ontario Education
Authors: Fine-Meyer R. , Llewellyn K.
Published: March 2020

The topic of women and education has historically held a strong focus in the history of education field. Feminist scholars brought together the fields of women's studies and the history of education. Their research examined the hierarchies embedded in the social structures of education departments. Such work left an important mark in the historiography of the field, but the focus on women and gender has dropped off in recent years. This is despite the fact that there is still a great deal of work that must be done to effect change. This article explores the stalled progress and even regression towards incorporating women’s histories and stories in schools. We provide a case study analysis of the history of curriculum reform in Ontario from the 1960s to the present to demonstrate that over the last five decades women’s issues have been squeezed into the margins of Ontario’s educational learning objectives and related policy initiatives. We conclude that to support a new wave of feminist consciousness among young people women’s issues must become a mandatory and integral part of education. All women’s issues, ways of knowing, historical experiences, and justice movements must be central to curricular reform.Résumé Le thème des femmes et de l’éducation a toujours été un élément prédominant dans le champ de l’histoire de l’éducation. Les chercheurs féministes ont réuni les champs des études féministes et de l’histoire de l’éducation. Leurs recherches ont étudié les hiérarchies intégrées dans les structures sociales des départements de l’éducation. Bien que ce travail ait marqué l’historiographie de manière importante, l’accent mis sur les femmes et le genre a chuté au cours des dernières années. Ceci en dépit du fait qu’il reste beaucoup de travail à faire pour produire du changement. Cet article explore la stagnation, et même la régression, du mouvement vers l’intégration des femmes et de leurs histoires dans les écoles. Nous présentons une analyse de l’histoire de la réforme des programmes scolaires en Ontario des années 1960 à aujourd’hui pour démontrer qu’au cours des cinq dernières décennies, les enjeux relatifs aux femmes ont été réduits aux marges des objectifs éducatifs de l’Ontario et des initiatives politiques connexes. Nous concluons que pour soutenir une nouvelle vague de conscience féministe chez les jeunes, les enjeux relatifs aux femmes doivent devenir une partie intégrante et obligatoire de l’éducation.
Combien ou comment ? Les femmes canadiennes dans les récits scolaires et dans la mémoire collective, rétrospective des recherches depuis 1980
Authors: Brunet Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2020

L’histoire des femmes peine toujours à faire sa place dans la mémoire collective et dans l’enseignement de l’histoire au Canada. Le présent article propose une courte recension des écrits publiés depuis 1980 à ce sujet. Si certaines recherches ont posé la question à savoir « combien » de femmes étaient présentes dans les récits, c’est surtout le « comment » qui a intéressé les chercheuses et les chercheurs. Les études, provenant des départements d’histoire et des facultés d’éducation, ont porté sur trois aspects : la mémoire collective, les manuels scolaires et la compréhension des élèves du rôle des femmes dans l’histoire. Malgré la très lente évolution de la représentation des femmes dans la trame narrative de l’histoire canadienne, l’analyse des recherches sur cette question permet un regard critique sur la construction des récits historiques et mène à une réflexion nécessaire sur les événements commémoratifs récents. Women’s history is still waiting to gain more place in collective memory and history teaching in Canada. This article provides a brief review of the literature published since 1980 on this topic. While some research has posed the question of "how many" women are present in the narratives, "how they are represented" was the focus of most researchers. Studies from history departments and faculties of education concentrated on three aspects: collective memory, textbooks, and student understanding of women’s agency. Despite the very slow evolution of the representation of women in the narrative framework of Canadian history, this paper allows a critical perspective at the construction of historical narratives and leads to a necessary closer look on recent commemorative events.