bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of a resorbable membrane on the closure of palatal fistulas
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Yang Fangling , Liu Weilong , Fan Xiaofen , Lu Yong
Published: March 2023

Purpose

A palatal fistula following the closure of palatal clefts remains a difficult clinical complication. Surgical treatment of fistulas is often complicated, with high recurrence rates. We present our results of fistula closure augmented with GTR, a resorbable membrane designed to promote guided tissue regeneration.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 75 patients operated on between 2008 and 2022 for closure of the palatal fistula. The patients included 24 who underwent fistula closure augmented with GTR and 51 who underwent fistula closure with other techniques. We reviewed the age at surgery, sex, fistula location, and outcome. Operation success was defined as an asymptomatic patient with a healed fistula on clinical examination.

Results

The overall fistula closure rate was 79.1% in the GTR group and 76.5% in the non-GTR group(p = 0.79).

Discussion

The success rate of fistula closure in the GTR group is comparable to that in the non-GTR group in this study. An additional advantage is that this procedure does not require harvesting any autologous tissue and reduces tissue damage in the long term.
Z radzieckiej kuchni północnokresowej. Unifi kujące oddziaływanie
języka rosyjskiego na polską, litewską i białoruską frazematykę kulinarną
Authors: Marszałek Marek
Published: March 2023

This article concerns the culinary vocabulary of the Northern Borderlands. The subject matter of the discussions is phrasemes limited to the ones that are common to the language communities mixing in the territory of Lithuania for a long time: Lithuanians, Belarusians, Poles, and Russians.
The language material comes from the Vilnius press of the period 1960–1979 and book publications printed in Soviet Lithuania in 1949–1985. It was selected from among around 120 multi-word
culinary units of the Northern Borderlands according to one formula: namely, a phraseme used in the same meaning and form in Lithuanian Polish, in Russian, Belarusian, and Lithuanian.
Zoonimy z obszaru Wileńszczyzny zwierciadłem kontaktów językowo-
-kulturowych
Authors: Żilo Bożena
Published: March 2023

The issue of nomenclature for mixed breed animals has been taken up by Polish researchers many times and its significance for onomastic and dialectal research has been emphasised often enough. With respect to the North-Eastern Borderlands, sparse studies have been dedicated to it so far. Therefore, this paper discusses linguistic and cultural contacts reflected in proper names of two species of mixed breed animals in the Vilnius Region. The material was collected using the traditional and online survey method. This article presents the phonetic and morphological characteristics typical of the Polish of the Borderlands, lexical features, and nomenclature influences that were discovered while analysing zoonyms. It discusses the influences of the Lithuanian, Russian, and Belarusian languages on the nomenclature for animals living in households of people of Polish descent in the Vilnius Region
Optimal Integration of D-STATCOMs in Radial and Meshed Distribution Networks Using a MATLAB-GAMS Interface
Authors: Barreto-Parra German Francisco , Cortés-Caicedo Brandon , Montoya Oscar Danilo
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes an interconnection of the MATLAB and GAMS software interfaces, which were designed based on a master-slave methodology, to solve the mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model problem associated with the problem regarding the optimal location and sizing of static distribution compensators (D-STATCOMs) in meshed and radial distribution networks, considering the problem of optimal reactive power flow compensation and the fact that the networks have commercial, industrial, and residential loads for a daily operation scenario. The objective of this study is to reduce the annual investment and operating costs associated with energy losses and the installation costs of D-STATCOMs. This objective function is based on the classical energy budget and the capacity constraints of the device. In the master stage, MATLAB software is used to program a discrete version of the sine-cosine algorithm (DSCA), which determines the locations where the D-STATCOMs will be installed. In the slave stage, using the BONMIN solver of the GAMS software and the known locations of the D-STATCOMs, the MINLP model representing the problem under study is solved to find the value of the objective function and the nominal power of the D-STATCOMs. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed master-slave optimizer, the 33-node IEEE test system with both radial and meshed topologies is used. With this test system, numerical comparisons were made with the exact solution of the MINLP model, using different solvers in the GAMS software, the genetic-convex strategy, and the discrete-continuous versions of the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm and the salp swarm optimization algorithm. The numerical results show that DSCA-BONMIN achieves a global solution to the problem under study, making the proposed method an effective tool for decision-making in distribution companies.
Research on a Dynamic Calibration Method for Photogrammetry Based on Rotary Motion
Authors: Ou Jia , Xu Tingfa , Gan Xiaochuan , He Xuejun , Li Yan , Qu Jiansu , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2023

Photogrammetry as an engineering measurement technology for the rapid and non-contact acquisition of geometric parameters, such as the attitude, position, and shape of a measured object, is widely used in the development and production processes of the aerospace and automobile industries. The calibration of a corresponding photogrammetry system is the basis for ensuring the accuracy of photogrammetry. The dynamic and static calibration of existing photogrammetry systems has not yet established a system calibration specification or standard, and such calibration has mainly focused on the internal and external parameters of the camera used in a photogrammetry system. The calibration of static parameters cannot fully guarantee the dynamic performance of a photogrammetry system in the process of measuring dynamic targets or micro-deformations. Aiming at the problem of dynamic parameter calibration of photogrammetry systems, this paper proposes a dynamic calibration method based on a circular trajectory standard device, which can realize the calibration of parameters, such as dynamic length measurement error, and ensure an accurate evaluation of the dynamic measurement performance of photogrammetry systems.
Combination of Muscle Quantity and Quality Is Useful to Assess the Necessity of Surveillance after a 5-Year Cancer-Free Period in Patients Who Undergo Radical Cystectomy: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study
Authors: Fujita Naoki , Momota Masaki , Horiguchi Hirotaka , Hamano Itsuto , Mikami Jotaro , Hatakeyama Shingo , Ito Hiroyuki , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Nishimura Shoji , Yoshikawa Kazuaki , Ohyama Chikara
Published: March 2023

Background: Although continuous surveillance after a 5-year cancer-free period in patients with bladder cancer (BC) who undergo radical cystectomy (RC) is recommended, optimal candidates for continuous surveillance remain unclear. Sarcopenia is associated with unfavorable prognosis in various malignancies. We aimed to investigate the impact of low muscle quantity and quality (defined as severe sarcopenia) on prognosis after a 5-year cancer-free period in patients who underwent RC. Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study assessing 166 patients who underwent RC and had five years or more of follow-up periods after a 5-year cancer-free period. Muscle quantity and quality were evaluated using the psoas muscle index (PMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) using computed tomography images five years after RC. Patients with lower PMI and higher IMAC values than the cut-off values were diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. Univariable analyses were performed to assess the impact of severe sarcopenia on recurrence, adjusting for the competing risk of death using the Fine-Gray competing risk regression model. Moreover, the impact of severe sarcopenia on non-cancer-specific survival was evaluated using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: The median age and follow-up period after the 5-year cancer-free period were 73 years and 94 months, respectively. Of 166 patients, 32 were diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. The 10-year RFS rate was 94.4%. In the Fine-Gray competing risk regression model, severe sarcopenia did not show a significant higher probability of recurrence, with an adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 0.525 (p = 0.540), whereas severe sarcopenia was significantly associated with non-cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio 1.909, p = 0.047). These results indicate that patients with severe sarcopenia might not need continuous surveillance after a 5-year cancer-free period, considering the high non-cancer-specific mortality.
Management and Oncologic Outcomes of Close and Positive Margins after Transoral CO2 Laser Microsurgery for Early Glottic Carcinoma
Authors: Mariani Cinzia , Carta Filippo , Bontempi Mauro , Marrosu Valeria , Tatti Melania , Pinto Valeria , Gerosa Clara , Puxeddu Roberto
Published: March 2023

Background: The present study analyzed the impact of margin status on local control and survival, and the management of close/positive margins after transoral CO2 laser microsurgery for early glottic carcinoma. Methods: 351 patients (328 males, 23 females, mean age 65.6 years) underwent surgery. We identified the following margin statuses: negative, close superficial (CS), close deep (CD), positive single superficial (SS), positive multiple superficial (MS), and positive deep (DEEP). Results: A total of 286 patients (81.5%) had negative margins, 23 (6.5%) had close margins (8 CS, 15 CD) and 42 (12%) had positive margins (16 SS, 9 MS, 17 DEEP). Among the 65 patients with close/positive margins, 44 patients underwent enlargement, 6 radiotherapy and 15 follow-up. Twenty-two patients (6.3%) recurred. Patients with DEEP or CD margins showed a higher risk of recurrence (hazard ratios of 2.863 and 2.537, respectively), compared to patients with negative margins. Local control with laser alone, overall laryngeal preservation and disease-specific survival decreased significantly in patients with DEEP margins (57.5%, 86.9% and 92.9%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with CS or SS margins could be safely submitted to follow-up. In the case of CD and MS margins, any additional treatment should be discussed with the patient. In the case of DEEP margin, additional treatment is always recommended.
Challenging Scenarios and Debated Indications for Laparoscopic Liver Resections for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Berardi Giammauro , Muttillo Edoardo Maria , Colasanti Marco , Mariano Germano , Meniconi Roberto Luca , Ferretti Stefano , Guglielmo Nicola , Angrisani Marco , Lucarini Alessio , Garofalo Eleonora , Chiappori Davide , Di Cesare Ludovica , Vallati Damiano , Mercantini Paolo , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria
Published: March 2023

Laparoscopic liver resections (LLRs) have been increasingly adopted for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with safe short- and long-term outcomes reported worldwide. Despite this, lesions in the posterosuperior segments, large and recurrent tumors, portal hypertension, and advanced cirrhosis currently represent challenging scenarios in which the safety and efficacy of the laparoscopic approach are still controversial. In this systematic review, we pooled the available evidence on the short-term outcomes of LLRs for HCC in challenging clinical scenarios. All randomized and non-randomized studies reporting LLRs for HCC in the above-mentioned settings were included. The literature search was run in the Scopus, WoS, and Pubmed databases. Case reports, reviews, meta-analyses, studies including fewer than 10 patients, non-English language studies, and studies analyzing histology other than HCC were excluded. From 566 articles, 36 studies dated between 2006 and 2022 fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. A total of 1859 patients were included, of whom 156 had advanced cirrhosis, 194 had portal hypertension, 436 had large HCCs, 477 had lesions located in the posterosuperior segments, and 596 had recurrent HCCs. Overall, the conversion rate ranged between 4.6% and 15.5%. Mortality and morbidity ranged between 0.0% and 5.1%, and 18.6% and 34.6%, respectively. Full results according to subgroups are described in the study. Advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension, large and recurrent tumors, and lesions located in the posterosuperior segments are challenging clinical scenarios that should be carefully approached by laparoscopy. Safe short-term outcomes can be achieved provided experienced surgeons and high-volume centers.
Molecular Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Their Impact on Systemic Therapy Decision
Authors: Unk Mojca , Jezeršek Novaković Barbara , Novaković Srdjan
Published: March 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are soft tissue sarcomas that mostly derive from Cajal cell precursors. They are by far the most common soft tissue sarcomas. Clinically, they present as gastrointestinal malignancies, most often with bleeding, pain, or intestinal obstruction. They are identified using characteristic immunohistochemical staining for CD117 and DOG1. Improved understanding of the molecular biology of these tumors and identification of oncogenic drivers have altered the systemic treatment of primarily disseminated disease, which is becoming increasingly complex. Gain-of-function mutations in KIT or PDGFRA genes represent the driving mutations in more than 90% of all GISTs. These patients exhibit good responses to targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Gastrointestinal stromal tumors lacking the KIT/PDGFRA mutations, however, represent distinct clinico-pathological entities with diverse molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis. In these patients, therapy with TKIs is hardly ever as effective as for KIT/PDGFRA-mutated GISTs. This review provides an outline of current diagnostics aimed at identifying clinically relevant driver alterations and a comprehensive summary of current treatments with targeted therapies for patients with GISTs in both adjuvant and metastatic settings. The role of molecular testing and the selection of the optimal targeted therapy according to the identified oncogenic driver are reviewed and some future directions are proposed.
Leveraging Marine Predators Algorithm with Deep Learning for Lung and Colon Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Mengash Hanan Abdullah , Alamgeer Mohammad , Maashi Mashael , Othman Mahmoud , Hamza Manar Ahmed , Ibrahim Sara Saadeldeen , Zamani Abu Sarwar , Yaseen Ishfaq
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a deadly disease caused by various biochemical abnormalities and genetic diseases. Colon and lung cancer have developed as two major causes of disability and death in human beings. The histopathological detection of these malignancies is a vital element in determining the optimal solution. Timely and initial diagnosis of the sickness on either front diminishes the possibility of death. Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) methods are used to hasten such cancer recognition, allowing the research community to examine more patients in a much shorter period and at a less cost. This study introduces a marine predator’s algorithm with deep learning as a lung and colon cancer classification (MPADL-LC3) technique. The presented MPADL-LC3 technique aims to properly discriminate different types of lung and colon cancer on histopathological images. To accomplish this, the MPADL-LC3 technique employs CLAHE-based contrast enhancement as a pre-processing step. In addition, the MPADL-LC3 technique applies MobileNet to derive feature vector generation. Meanwhile, the MPADL-LC3 technique employs MPA as a hyperparameter optimizer. Furthermore, deep belief networks (DBN) can be applied for lung and color classification. The simulation values of the MPADL-LC3 technique were examined on benchmark datasets. The comparison study highlighted the enhanced outcomes of the MPADL-LC3 system in terms of different measures.
The New Frontier of Immunotherapy: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) Cell and Macrophage (CAR-M) Therapy against Breast Cancer
Authors: Schepisi Giuseppe , Gianni Caterina , Palleschi Michela , Bleve Sara , Casadei Chiara , Lolli Cristian , Ridolfi Laura , Martinelli Giovanni , De Giorgi Ugo
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer represents one of the most common tumor histologies. To date, based on the specific histotype, different therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapies, capable of prolonging survival are used. More recently, the astonishing results that were obtained from CAR-T cell therapy in haematological neoplasms led to the application of this new therapeutic strategy in solid tumors as well. Our article will deal with chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapy (CAR-T cell and CAR-M therapy) in breast cancer.
A Novel Phenazine Analog, CPUL1, Suppresses Autophagic Flux and Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insight from Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Chen Jiaqin , Feng Dong , Lu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yanjun , Jiang Hanxiang , Yuan Man , Xu Yifan , Zou Jianjun , Zhu Yubing , Zhang Jingjing , Ge Chun , Wang Ying
Published: March 2023

Background: CPUL1, a phenazine analog, has demonstrated potent antitumor properties against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and indicates a promising prospect in pharmaceutical development. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure. Methods: Multiple HCC cell lines were used to investigate the in vitro effects of CPUL1. The antineoplastic properties of CPUL1 were assessed in vivo by establishing a xenograft nude mice model. After that, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and bioinformatics were integrated to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of CPUL1, highlighting an unanticipated involvement of autophagy dysregulation. Results: CPUL1 suppressed HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, thereby endorsing the potential as a leading agent for HCC therapy. Integrative omics characterized a deteriorating scenario of metabolic debilitation with CPUL1, presenting an issue in the autophagy contribution of autophagy. Subsequent observations indicated that CPUL1 treatment could impede autophagic flow by suppressing autophagosome degradation rather than its formation, which supposedly exacerbated cellular damage triggered by metabolic impairment. Moreover, the observed late autophagosome degradation may be attributed to lysosome dysfunction, which is essential for the final stage of autophagy and cargo disposal. Conclusions: Our study comprehensively profiled the anti-hepatoma characteristics and molecular mechanisms of CPUL1, highlighting the implications of progressive metabolic failure. This could partially be ascribed to autophagy blockage, which supposedly conveyed nutritional deprivation and intensified cellular vulnerability to stress.
Immunotargeting of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Köseer Ayse Sedef , Di Gaetano Simona , Arndt Claudia , Bachmann Michael , Dubrovska Anna
Published: March 2023

The generally accepted view is that CSCs hijack the signaling pathways attributed to normal stem cells that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation processes. Therefore, the development of selective targeting strategies for CSC, although clinically meaningful, is associated with significant challenges because CSC and normal stem cells share many important signaling mechanisms for their maintenance and survival. Furthermore, the efficacy of this therapy is opposed by tumor heterogeneity and CSC plasticity. While there have been considerable efforts to target CSC populations by the chemical inhibition of the developmental pathways such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt/β-catenin, noticeably fewer attempts were focused on the stimulation of the immune response by CSC-specific antigens, including cell-surface targets. Cancer immunotherapies are based on triggering the anti-tumor immune response by specific activation and targeted redirecting of immune cells toward tumor cells. This review is focused on CSC-directed immunotherapeutic approaches such as bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug candidates, CSC-targeted cellular immunotherapies, and immune-based vaccines. We discuss the strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of the different immunotherapeutic approaches and describe the current state of their clinical development.
Diversity Analysis for Grain Nutrient Content and Agronomic Traits among Newly Bred Striga-Resistant and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (FOS)-Compatible Sorghum Genotypes
Authors: Makebe Athenkosi , Shimelis Hussein
Published: March 2023

The parasitic weed, Striga species, is among the major causes of yield and quality losses of cereal and legume crops in sub-Saharan Africa. The development of nutritionally enhanced genetic resources with Striga resistance is an overriding consideration in sorghum breeding programs. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variability among 12 elite and newly bred sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines with variable Striga resistance for agronomic performance and nutritional traits. The sorghum genotypes were analyzed for protein, amino acid profiles, and selected minerals. For agronomic traits, significant variations were observed for yield per plant that varied from 51.74 to 15.12 g/plant, with a mean of 29.77 g/plant. The tested genotypes showed significant (p < 0.05) variation in protein, amino acid, iron, and zinc contents. The crude protein content varied from 9.59 to 13.60%, with a mean of 11.64%. The lysine values ranged from 1.13 to 3.08%, with a mean of 2.15%, while methionine content varied from 0.42 to 1.58%, with a mean of 0.87%. Iron content ranged from 35.26 to 156.32 mg/kg with a mean of 78.32 mg/kg, while zinc content varied from 14.45 to 44.46 mg/kg with a mean of 24.91 mg/kg. The following genotypes: AS1, PAN8816, 672, Macia, AS436, 3984 × 630, AS426 × 672, and 105 × 654 were identified as having superior agronomic and nutritional qualities for commercialization and sorghum breeding programs.
Temporal Trends in Skull Morphology of the European Bison from the 1950s to the Present Day
Authors: Szara Tomasz , Klich Daniel , Wójcik Anna M. , Olech Wanda
Published: March 2023

The shape and size of the skull are determined by various factors. These factors act not only on single individuals in their ontogenesis, but can affect entire populations in the long term, thus determining developmental trends. The aim of this study was to determine whether the craniometric features of the European bison skull and their proportions are constant or change over time. In total, 1097 European bison skulls from the Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Warsaw University of Life Sciences were examined. It has been shown that almost all examined skull dimensions tend to decrease. The opposite phenomenon was observed for the height of the skull in males. The results of the work prove that European bison adapt to changing environmental conditions related to climate warming, food availability, and population density.
Entanglement Witness for the Weak Equivalence Principle
Authors: Bose Sougato , Mazumdar Anupam , Schut Martine , Toroš Marko
Published: March 2023

The Einstein equivalence principle is based on the equality of gravitational and inertial mass, which has led to the universality of a free-fall concept. The principle has been extremely well tested so far and has been tested with a great precision. However, all these tests and the corresponding arguments are based on a classical setup where the notion of position and velocity of the mass is associated with a classical value as opposed to the quantum entities.Here, we provide a simple quantum protocol based on creating large spatial superposition states in a laboratory to test the quantum regime of the equivalence principle where both matter and gravity are treated at par as a quantum entity. The two gravitational masses of the two spatial superpositions source the gravitational potential for each other. We argue that such a quantum protocol is unique with regard to testing especially the generalisation of the weak equivalence principle by constraining the equality of gravitational and inertial mass via witnessing quantum entanglement.
Spectral Form Factor and Dynamical Localization
Authors: Lozej Črt
Published: March 2023

Quantum dynamical localization occurs when quantum interference stops the diffusion of wave packets in momentum space. The expectation is that dynamical localization will occur when the typical transport time of the momentum diffusion is greater than the Heisenberg time. The transport time is typically computed from the corresponding classical dynamics. In this paper, we present an alternative approach based purely on the study of spectral fluctuations of the quantum system. The information about the transport times is encoded in the spectral form factor, which is the Fourier transform of the two-point spectral autocorrelation function. We compute large samples of the energy spectra (of the order of 106 levels) and spectral form factors of 22 stadium billiards with parameter values across the transition between the localized and extended eigenstate regimes. The transport time is obtained from the point when the spectral form factor transitions from the non-universal to the universal regime predicted by random matrix theory. We study the dependence of the transport time on the parameter value and show the level repulsion exponents, which are known to be a good measure of dynamical localization, depend linearly on the transport times obtained in this way.
Identity-Based Proxy Signature with Message Recovery over NTRU Lattice
Authors: Wu Faguo , Zhou Bo , Zhang Xiao
Published: March 2023

Proxy signature is one of the important primitives of public-key cryptography and plays an essential role in delivering security services in modern communications. However, existing post quantum proxy signature schemes with larger signature sizes might not be fully practical for some resource-constrained devices (e.g., Internet of Things devices). A signature scheme with message recovery has the characteristic that part or all of the message is embedded in the signature, which can reduce the size of the signature. In this paper, we present a new identity-based proxy signature scheme over an NTRU lattice with message recovery (IB-PSSMR), which is more efficient than the other existing identity-based proxy signature schemes in terms of the size of the signature and the cost of energy. We prove that our scheme is secure under a Short Integer Solution (SIS) assumption that is as hard as approximating several worst-case lattice problems in the random oracle model. We also discussed some application scenarios of IB-PSSMR in blockchain and Internet of Things (IOT). This paper provides a new idea for the design of lattice signature schemes in low resource constrained environments.
On Transmitted Complexity Based on Modified Compound States
Authors: Watanabe Noboru
Published: March 2023

Based on the classical dynamical entropy, the channel coding theorem is investigated. Attempts to extend the dynamical entropy to quantum systems have been made by several researchers In 1999, Kossakowski, Ohya and I introduced the quantum dynamical entropy (KOW entropy) for completely positive maps containing an automorphism describing the time evolution. Its formulation used transition expectations and lifting in the sense of Accardi and Ohya and was studied as a measure of the complexity of quantum mechanical systems. This KOW entropy allowed the extension of generalized AF (Alicki and Fannes) entropy and generalized AOW (Accardi, Ohya and Watanabe) entropy. In addition, the S-Mixing entropy and S-mixing mutual-entropy were formulated by Ohya in 1985. Compound states are an important tool for formulating mutual entropy, and the complexity was constructed by the generalized AOW entropy. In this paper, the complexity associated with the entangled compound states in the C* dynamical system based on the generalized AOW entropy based on the KOW entropy is investigated to lay the foundation for the proof of the theorem of channel coding for quantum systems. We show that the fundamental inequalities of the mutual entropy are satisfied when the initial state is transmitted over the channel changes with time.
Rate Distortion Theory for Descriptive Statistics
Authors: Harremoës Peter
Published: March 2023

Rate distortion theory was developed for optimizing lossy compression of data, but it also has applications in statistics. In this paper, we illustrate how rate distortion theory can be used to analyze various datasets. The analysis involves testing, identification of outliers, choice of compression rate, calculation of optimal reconstruction points, and assigning “descriptive confidence regions” to the reconstruction points. We study four models or datasets of increasing complexity: clustering, Gaussian models, linear regression, and a dataset describing orientations of early Islamic mosques. These examples illustrate how rate distortion analysis may serve as a common framework for handling different statistical problems.
Simulation for the Effect of Singlet Fission Mechanism of Tetracene on Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Le Toan Ngoc , Liu Lin
Published: March 2023

The perovskite solar cell has recently gained momentum within the renewable energy industry due to its unique advantages such as high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, its instability remains a challenge to its commercialization. In this study, a singlet fission material, namely tetracene, is coupled with the perovskite solar cell to simulate its effect on the solar cell. The amount of thermalization loss and the temperature of the perovskite layer are simulated and analyzed to indicate the mechanism’s effectiveness. We found that coupling the tetracene layer resulted in a drastic reduction in thermalization loss and a slower slope in perovskite layer temperature. This indicates that tetracene would stabilize the perovskite solar cell and minimize its potential losses. The thickness of the solar cell layers is also analyzed as a factor of the overall effectiveness of singlet fission on solar cells.
Development of Microencapsulation-Hybrid Jig Separation Technique as a Clean Coal Technology
Authors: Phengsaart Theerayut , Park Ilhwan , Pasithbhattarabhorn Jirathpapol , Srichonphaisarn Palot , Kertbundit Chinawich , Phumkokrux Nutthakarn , Juntarasakul Onchanok , Tabelin Carlito Baltazar , Hiroyoshi Naoki , Ito Mayumi
Published: March 2023

In this study, the microencapsulation-hybrid jig separation technique was developed to improve the separation efficiency of pyrite and coal in the particle size range of 1–4 mm where conventional jig separation becomes inefficient. A hybrid jig is a gravity concentrator combining the concepts of jig separation and flotation to stratify particles based on their apparent specific gravity. Meanwhile, microencapsulation—a technique that encapsulates target materials with a protective coating—was applied to render pyrite hydrophilic and improve its separation from hydrophobic coal. The results showed that the required time for separation in the hybrid jig (0.5 min) was shorter than in conventional jig (2 min). Moreover, the effects of particle size on separation efficiency were reduced when a hybrid jig is used. However, the separation efficiency of hybrid jig separation was lower than that of the conventional jig because attachment of bubbles occurred to both pyrite and coal, which are hydrophobic. Using the microencapsulation-hybrid jig separation technique, the separation of coal and pyrite was significantly improved (~100%) because of the formation of hydrophilic iron phosphate coatings on pyrite that limited bubble attachment. This means that microencapsulation-hybrid jig separation is a promising clean coal technology that not only enhances the separation efficiency of the hybrid jig but also passivates pyrite and limits AMD formation in the tailings/rejects.
Lightning Electromagnetic Fields Computation: A Review of the Available Approaches
Authors: La Fata Alice , Nicora Martino , Mestriner Daniele , Aramini Riccardo , Procopio Renato , Brignone Massimo , Delfino Federico
Published: March 2023

Lightning represents one of the most critical issues for electrical infrastructure. In dealing with overhead distribution line systems, indirect lightning strikes can lead to induced voltages overcoming the critical flashover value of the line, thus damaging the insulators. The computation of lightning-induced voltages requires the modeling of the lightning current, the evaluation of the lightning electromagnetic fields and the solution of the field-to-line coupling equations. The numerical calculation of the lightning electromagnetic fields is time-consuming and is strongly dependent on the lightning channel modeling and soil properties. This article presents a review of the most widely adopted methods to calculate the lightning electromagnetic fields, starting from the classical formulation, which requires numerical integration, and highlighting the most effective approaches that have been developed to reduce computational effort. This is done first for the case of a perfectly conducting ground, then the available formulations to account for the ground finite conductivity are presented together with their possible implementations in both the frequency and time domains.
Comparison of Pin Mill and Hammer Mill in the Fine Grinding of Sphagnum Moss
Authors: Ämmälä Ari
Published: March 2023

Dried sphagnum moss was ground using a pin mill and a hammer mill under various operating conditions, i.e., changes in the rotor frequency and feed rate. The specific energy consumption of the size reduction was recorded. The ground powder was characterized by median particle size, width of size distribution (span), loose and tapped bulk densities, and the Hausner ratio. Pin milling used less energy for size reduction than hammer milling, especially when the target size was below 100 μm. In both milling methods, the specific energy consumption was mainly caused by the rotor frequency used. However, in pin milling, the specific energy consumption was also dependent on the production rate: the higher the rate, the higher the energy consumption. No such dependence was observed with the hammer mill. The span was wider in pin milling than hammer milling in the intermediate product size range although the difference decreased at the fine and coarse ends. A similar pattern was found for bulk densities. However, the flowability of powder, as characterized by the Hausner ratio, was comparable between the grinding methods.
Morphology Regulated Hierarchical Rods-, Buds-, and Sheets-like CoMoO4 for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Prasad Kumcham , Mahato Neelima , Yoo Kisoo , Kim Jonghoon
Published: March 2023

One of the hugely focused areas of research for addressing the world’s energy and environmental challenges is electrochemical water oxidation. Morphological modulation of nanomaterials is essential for producing efficient electrocatalysts to achieve the required results. The purpose can be achieved by controlling synthesis parameters, and this is a key factor which greatly influences the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance during electrochemical water splitting. In this study, synthesis of cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) through a simple and low-cost hydrothermal/solvothermal strategy with tunable morphology is demonstrated. Different morphologies, namely rods-like, buds-like, and sheets-like, referred to as R-CMO, B-CMO, and S-CMO, respectively, have been obtained by systematically varying the solvent media. Their catalytic activity towards OER was investigated in 1.0 M aqueous KOH medium. R-CMO nanoparticles synthesized in an aqueous medium demonstrated the lowest overpotential value of 349 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 compared with other as-prepared catalysts. In contrast, the B-CMO and S-CMO exhibited overpotential values of 369 mV and 384 mV, respectively. Furthermore, R-CMO demonstrated an exceptional electrochemical stability for up to 12 h.
Numerical Simulation of Vapor Dropwise Condensation Process and Droplet Growth Mode
Authors: Guo Yali , Wang Run , Zhao Denghui , Gong Luyuan , Shen Shengqiang
Published: March 2023

Compared with film condensation, dropwise condensation based on droplet growth can significantly improve the condensing equipment’s water collection and thermal efficiency in the vapor condensate system. Therefore, as a critical behavior affecting the evolution of dropwise condensation, research on droplet growth is of great significance to further understanding the evolutionary characteristics and heat transfer mechanism of dropwise condensation. In this paper, a model for simulating the entire evolution process of dropwise condensation is improved and constructed, and the evolution process of dropwise condensation with different condensation nucleus densities on the vertical wall is simulated based on certain assumptions. Moreover, parameters such as evolution rate and size contribution are proposed to measure droplet growth’s influence on the evolution process of dropwise condensation. In the simulation, the Cassie model was used to describe the condensation growth of droplets. The neighbor finding algorithm and conservation law are coupled to simulate the coalescence growth process of droplets. Through the comparison of the theoretical model and experimental results, it is indicated that the simulation method in this paper is highly reliable. The simulation results demonstrate that more than 95% of the maximum droplet size of dropwise condensation is derived from coalescence growth, and its growth rate can characterize the evolution rate of dropwise condensation. The evolution rate reveals a linear growth trend with the increase of condensate nucleus density, and the average heat flux shows an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend, reaching the peak, qaverage = 30.5 kW·m−2, at the NS = 5 × 109 m−2. The surfaces with a high coalescence frequency can increase the contribution of the coalescence growth to the maximum droplet size more effectively and, conversely, the contribution of condensation growth is weakened, which is less than 1% at the NS = 7.5 × 109 m−2.
RAC-GAN-Based Scenario Generation for Newly Built Wind Farm
Authors: Tang Jian , Liu Jianfei , Wu Jinghan , Jin Guofeng , Kang Heran , Zhang Zhao , Huang Nantian
Published: March 2023

Due to the lack of historical output data of new wind farms, there are difficulties in the scheduling and planning of power grid and wind power output scenario generation. The randomness and uncertainty of meteorological factors lead to the results of traditional scenario generation methods not having the ability to accurately reflect their uncertainty. This article proposes a RAC-GAN-based scenario generation method for a new wind farm output. First, the Pearson coefficient is adopted in this method to screen the meteorological factors and obtain the ones that have larger impact on wind power output; Second, based on the obtained meteorological factors, the Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) is used to analyze the meteorological correlation between multiple wind farms with sufficient output data and new wind farms (target power stations), so that the wind farm with high meteorological correlation is selected as the source power station. Then, the K-means method is adopted to cluster the meteorological data of the source power station, thus generating the target power station scenario in which the cluster information serves as the label of the robust auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network (RAC-GAN) model and the output data of the source power station is considered as the basis. Finally, the actual wind farm output and meteorological data of a region in northeast China are employed for arithmetic analysis to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is proved that the proposed method can effectively reflect the characteristics of wind power output and solve the problem of insufficient historical data of new wind farm output.
Research on Microscopic Pore Structure Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Second Member of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Malang Sag, Santanghu Basin
Authors: Zhang Xuejuan , Wang Dandan , Zhang Lei , Xing Yabing , Zhang Yi , Wang Weiming , Liu Yinglin , Mao Hongping
Published: March 2023

For the second member of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Malang Sag, Santanghu Basin, we used field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cryogenic nitrogen gas adsorption, and the micro/nano CT method, combined with the fractal theory, to depict the dense reservoir space types of the reservoir and the microcosmic pore structure characteristics, perform the quantitative evaluation of aperture size, pore shape, and connectivity, and to analyze the mineral composition of the micropore structure of the reservoir. The results show that the area is dominated by sandy/argillaceous dolomite, and the reservoir space types mainly develop dissolved intergranular pores and intergranular pores, a few microfractures, and parallel plate and slit nanoscale pores. There is a positive correlation between pore volume and specific surface area, with micropore volume accounting for 14.95%, mesopore volume at 82.47%, and macropore volume at 2.58%. The mesoporous volume provides the main pore storage space. The combined specific surface area of micropores and mesoporous pores accounts for more than 99% of the total specific surface area, providing almost all the pore surface area, which is the main site for shale oil and gas adsorption. The fractal dimension D value of the samples is between 2.39 and 2.49, and the pore distribution of shale is relatively uniform, mainly developing mesoporous pores. The specific surface area and average radius are positively correlated with the content of dolomite in mineral components. The results of the CT experiment also confirm that the pore throat of samples with high dolomite content is mostly a coarse tubular and banded distribution in three-dimensional space, with good connectivity.
Applications of Agent-Based Methods in Multi-Energy Systems—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Yao Ruiqiu , Hu Yukun , Varga Liz
Published: March 2023

The need for a greener and more sustainable energy system evokes a need for more extensive energy system transition research. The penetration of distributed energy resources and Internet of Things technologies facilitate energy system transition towards the next generation of energy system concepts. The next generation of energy system concepts include “integrated energy system”, “multi-energy system”, or “smart energy system”. These concepts reveal that future energy systems can integrate multiple energy carriers with autonomous intelligent decision making. There are noticeable trends in using the agent-based method in research of energy systems, including multi-energy system transition simulation with agent-based modeling (ABM) and multi-energy system management with multi-agent system (MAS) modeling. The need for a comprehensive review of the applications of the agent-based method motivates this review article. Thus, this article aims to systematically review the ABM and MAS applications in multi-energy systems with publications from 2007 to the end of 2021. The articles were sorted into MAS and ABM applications based on the details of agent implementations. MAS application papers in building energy systems, district energy systems, and regional energy systems are reviewed with regard to energy carriers, agent control architecture, optimization algorithms, and agent development environments. ABM application papers in behavior simulation and policy-making are reviewed with regard to the agent decision-making details and model objectives. In addition, the potential future research directions in reinforcement learning implementation and agent control synchronization are highlighted. The review shows that the agent-based method has great potential to contribute to energy transition studies with its plug-and-play ability and distributed decision-making process.
Autonomous Electric-Vehicle Control Using Speed Planning Algorithm and Back-Stepping Approach
Authors: Bacha Sofiane , Saadi Ramzi , Ayad Mohamed Yacine , Sahraoui Mohamed , Laadjal Khaled , Cardoso Antonio J. Marques
Published: March 2023

Autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) have garnered increasing attention in recent years as they hold significant promise for transforming the transportation sector. However, despite advances in the field, effective vehicle drive control remains a critical challenge that must be addressed to realize the full potential of AEVs. This study presents a novel approach to AEV drive control for concurrently generating a suitable speed profile and controlling the vehicle drive speed along a planned path that takes into account various driving circumstances that mimic real-world driving. The designed strategy is divided into two parts: The first part presents a proposed speed planning algorithm (SPA) that works on developing an adequate speed profile for vehicle navigation; first, the algorithm uses an approach for identifying sharp curves on the predefined trajectory; secondly, based on the dynamic properties of these curves, it generates an appropriate speed profile to ensure smooth vehicle travel across the entire trajectory with varying velocities. The second part proposes a new back-stepping control technique with a space vector modulation (SVM) strategy to control the speed of an induction motor (IM) as a traction part of the AEV. A load torque observer has been designed to enhance the speed-tracking task, while the system stability has been proven using Lyapunov theory. Through a series of experiments and simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software and the dSPACE 1104 real-time interface, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the SPA combined with the back-stepping control technique and highlight its potential to advance the field of AEV technology. Our findings have important implications for the design and implementation of AEVs and provide a foundation for future research in this exciting area of study.
Thermo-Statistical Investigation of the Solar Air Collector Using Least Angle Regression
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok
Published: March 2023

The paper presents the notion of high dimensionality—in the results—that could change the exergy and energy characteristics of the two-pass solar collector. To examine the energetic aspect of the collector, two different types of absorber plate surfaces were chosen: one that is smooth and one with triangular fins. Both designs have two-pass and wooden baffles underneath their absorber plates. The induced air blower was used for the forced convection of air. To examine the attribute of the data, the least angle regression (LARS) algorithm was used to find a new exergy model without overfitting the data. The second law efficiency dropped by 18.92% for the given models of the solar collector when the air flow rate surged further from 10.10 g·s−1 to 12.10 g·s−1, whereas the energy efficiency showed contradictory behaviour for the given range of air flow rate. It increased by 3% in the first half of the rise in the air flow rate, and on the other hand, a jump of 8% was recorded in the energy efficiency with a rise in the air flow rate by 19.80%. The addition of wooden baffles in the second passage of the flat plate two-pass collector increased the entropy generation due to air friction by 200%, albeit it dropped by 50% at 12.10 g·s−1. Upon increasing the air stream rate from 8.10 g·s−1 to 12.10 g·s−1, the exergy destruction rate at the front finned surface of the two-pass solar air collector receded by 5.49–8.76%, and at the same time, it elevated for the rear passage provided with the wooden baffles. However, it decreased for both the front and rear surfaces of the solar air collector, as the air flow rate increased by 24.69%.