bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A differential game of pursuit for an infinite system of simple motion in the plane
Authors: Waziri Usman , Usman Abdullahi , Mohammed Lawan Bulama , Abdullahi Abubakar
Published: December 2022

In the present paper, we investigate a differential game of pursuit for an infinite system of simple motion in a plane. The control functions of the players satisfies both geometric and integral constraints respectively. In the plane, the game is assume to be completed if the state of the pursuer xk, k = 1, 2, ... is directly coincide with that of the evader yk, k = 1, 2, ..., i.e; xk(x ) = yk(x ), k = 1,2, ..., at some time x and the evader is tries to stop the incident. In addition to that the strategy of the pursuer with respect to geometric and integral constraints will be constructed. Moreover, a numerical example will be given to illustrate the result.
İŞLETMELERDE DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜMÜN STRATEJİK YÖNETİMİ: BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: KUMRU Süleyman , KASIMOĞLU Murat
Published: December 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, işletmelerin dijital dönüşüm sürecinin stratejik yönetilmesi üzerine yönetim çerçevesi oluşturulması ve dijital dönüşüm üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada yöntem olarak yargısal örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda dijital iş stratejisi ve alt boyutları olan müşteri deneyimi, operasyonel süreçler ve iş modeli ile dijital dönüşüm arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Veri analizleri için istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Google Forms’ta tasarlanan online anket yöntemi ile 100 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda dijital iş stratejisinin dijital dönüşümü anlamlı, pozitif bir şekilde etkilediği ve aralarında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Dijital iş stratejsi alt boyutları olan müşteri deneyimi, operasyonel süreçler ve iş modeli ile dijital dönüşüm arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu, kadın ve erkek çalışanlar için dijital iş stratejisi ve dijital dönüşümün anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği saptanmıştır. Dijital dönüşüm ve stratejik yönetim üzerine çalışmalar yapılmasına karşın farklı bir stratejik yönetim çerçevesi önerisi ile dijital dönüşüm arasındaki ilişki incelenerek literatüre katkı sağlayabilecek sonuçlara ulaşılması, araştırmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.
EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST-TEA AND PLANT EXTRACTS ON GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.)
Authors: HAMED F.R. , ISMAIL H.E.M. , ABO EL-MAATI M.F. , DESOKY E.M.
Published: December 2022

The vermicompost and exogenous plant extracts as a foliar application can provide as an alternative means to enhance the growth and yield of leafy vegetable crops under low-fertility soil conditions. The objectives of the recent study sought to characterize the effect of vermicompost tea in combining some natural plant extracts to enhance the growth and yield of the lettuce plant. A study on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) took place during two successive seasons, in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, using foliar spray— vermicompost-tea rates in combination with rosemary leaf extract (RLE) and eucalyptus buds extract (EBE). It sought to determine the effects on growth, yield, and some physiological and biochemical traits of lettuce (cv. ‘Dark Green’) grown on sandy soil with drip irrigation. The experiment employed the split-plot design, with four rates of vermicompost tea (0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) as main plots and three plant extract levels (without, RLE, and EBE) as subplots. The vermicompost tea and plant extracts increased the growth characteristics, photochemical activity, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, membrane stability index, excised leaf water retention, vitamins C and E, and total soluble solids in lettuce plants compared with the untreated control plots. The interaction and combined application of vermicompost tea (20%) and RLE proved most effective in enhancing the growth and yield traits and physio-biochemical properties in lettuce. Therefore, the integrative application of vermicompost tea (20%) with RLE comes highly recommended for growing lettuce in sandy soil conditions.
VICIA FABA L. ASSESSMENT FOR GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS UNDER MAGNETIZED IRRIGATION WATER AND NANO-SEAWEED EXTRACT
Authors: JAAFAR H.S. , ABD A.A. , AL-BAYATI A.S.
Published: December 2022

The latest study aimed to assess the response of the broad bean to the magnetically-treated irrigation water and foliar application of nano-seaweed extract for growth and productivity traits. This experiment took place during the growing season of 2020–2021 under field conditions at Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. Turkish broad bean cultivar ‘Luz-de-otono’ was grown in a split-plot design by two factors with three replicates. The main plots received magnetized irrigation water with three diverse intensities (zero, 1000, and 2000 Gauss), while the nano-seaweed extract with three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 ml.L-1) in the subplots. On average, the magnetization treatment at 2000 Gauss attained significant improvement in the growth and morphological traits (plant height, branch number per plant, leaf number, leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll content) and yield traits (pod number, pod weight, plant yield, and total yield), compared with the control that gave the lowest values. Nanoseaweed foliar application at 2 ml.L-1 also revealed a significant increase and improvement in the same growth, morphological, and yield-related traits aforementioned, compared with the control treatment that gave the minimum values. Correspondingly, the interaction between both factors (magnetization intensity 2000 Gauss + Seaweed at 2 ml.L-1) also showed significant effects and provided the highest averages of plant height (36.05 cm), branch number per plant (7.04 branch.plant-1), leaf number (72.19 leaves.plant-1), leaf area (3775.88 cm2.plant-1), and total leaf chlorophyll content (45.47 mg.100 g-1 FW) and yield traits: pod number (19.11 pods.plant-1), pod weight (26.87 g), plant yield (513.49 g), and total yield (11.61 t.ha-1), compared with the control treatment.
EVALUATION OF STRESS SELECTION INDICES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
Authors: AKBAR F. , SUBKHAN G. , ALI Z. , ALI M. , ALI B. , KHAN K. , ALI S. , OBAIDULLAH  , ALI J. , QURESHI M.A. , KHAN H. , BABAR M. , ISHAQ M.
Published: December 2022

The research carried out under irrigated conditions during 2017–2018 estimated stress selection indices for morphological studies in wheat. Twenty wheat genotypes along with two checks (Pakhtunkhwa-2015 and Pirsabak-13) planted at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan, had two sowing dates, i.e., regular plantation made on 24 November and late plantation on 25 December 2017, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nine stress tolerance indices, viz., tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress intensity (SI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), and yield stability index (YSI) served as the basis for computation on each trait and every genotype under stress and non-stress conditions. Grain yield demonstrated a positive relationship with MP, GMP, HM, and STI under stress and non-stress conditions, which can serve as a better indicator for testing tolerant wheat genotypes. Overall, the maximum value of MP, HM, GMP, and STI, for days to heading displayed in genotype CDRI-PV-1: 113.00, 112.12, 112.56, 1.30; days to maturity in genotype PS-28 with 151.00, 149.24, 150.11, 1.28; for plant height in genotype PS-28 with 108.00, 107.94, 107.88, 1.27: for grain yield in cultivar PS-34 with 3983.89, 3958.96, 3934.18, 2.25, and for biological yield in genotype PS-23 with 11250.00, 10999.44, 10754.46, and 1.80, which specify that they are most stable and tolerant genotypes across both the planting conditions. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for most traits. Based on stress selection indices and mean performance in this experiment, PS-23, PS-33, PS-34, and PS-28 genotypes showed the best performance, and genotype Inq-91/FS(f8) resulted as the most stable performance and tolerance in stress conditions compared with other genotypes in stress selection indices. These genotypes could be beneficial in future wheat breeding programs to enhance the grain yield stability in bread wheat.
COMPLETE PARENTS DAN KEBERLANJUTAN SEKOLAH PENDUDUK USIA 7-18 TAHUN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Agustina Riska Eka
Published: December 2022

Keberadaan orangtua lengkap (complete parents) berperan penting dalam mendukung keberlanjutan sekolah penduduk usia 7-18 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik penduduk usia 7-18 tahun menurut status keberadaan orang tua (complete parents dan incomplete parents) dan keberlanjutan sekolahnya, serta pengaruh keberadaan orang tua (complete parents dan incomplete parents) terhadap keberlanjutan sekolah penduduk usia 7-18 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Susenas Maret 2019. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji chi-square. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik penduduk berusia 7-18 tahun yang masih bersekolah didominasi oleh penduduk dengan complete parents, berada pada kelompok umur 7-12 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan, bukan penyandang disabilitas, memperoleh Program Indonesia Pintar, tinggal di daerah perkotaan, memiliki jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang kurang dari sama dengan lima orang, berasal dari rumah tangga yang kepala rumah tangganya berpendidikan tinggi dan bekerja di sektor non pertanian. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara keberlanjutan sekolah penduduk usia 7-18 tahun dengan status keberadaan orang tua. Upaya penguatan ketahanan keluarga perlu terus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan peran kedua orang tua dalam mendudung pendidikan anak-anaknya.

Kata kunci : 7-18 tahun; keberlanjutan sekolah; complete parents
STUDI PENANGANAN GENANGAN BANJIR DAN ROB SUNGAI MEDURI-BREMI KOTA PEKALONGAN
Authors: Susilo Edy , Purwanti Hani , Pinandita Satria
Published: December 2022

Banjir dan kekeringan menjadi masalah di sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia. Penyebabnya diduga karena perubahan penggunaan lahan dari lahan terbuka hijau menjadi lahan tertutup bangunan. Akibatnya, infiltrasi air ke dalam tanah berkurang, dan limpasan meningkat. Kondisi ini akan diatasi dengan meningkatkan infiltrasi air ke dalam tanah. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan sumur resapan dan biopori. Namun karena kecilnya kapasitas alat resapan, belum mampu mengatasi masalah genangan dan banjir. Horizontal Recharge Pipe (PRH) dengan dinding berlubang memiliki infiltrasi yang sangat besar. DAS Sungai Meduri dan Bremi yang terletak di Pekalongan bagian barat merupakan daerah yang sering mengalami genangan dan banjir. Hasil analisis data hujan menunjukkan bahwa periode ulang rencana 2 tahun, 5 tahun, 10 tahun, 25 tahun, dan 50 tahun berturut-turut untuk DAS Meduri adalah 106,33 mm, 146,98 mm, 172,05 mm, 200,40 mm, dan 219,73 mm. Sedangkan untuk DAS Bremi adalah 104,84 mm, 147,62 mm, 173,11 mm, 200,38 mm, 217,98 mm, 233,47 mm, dan 247,93 mm. Banjir rencana dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Gama-1, ITB-1, ITB-2, dan Nakayasu. Dengan koefisien aliran 0,455 untuk DAS Meduri dan 0,439 untuk DAS Bremi, debit banjir rencana metode Gama-1 dengan periode ulang masing-masing 2 tahun, 5 tahun, 10 tahun, 25 tahun, dan 50 tahun untuk DAS Meduri Sungai sebesar 34,36 m3/detik, 47,49 m3/detik, 55,59 m3/detik, 64,75 m3/detik, dan 71,00 m3/detik. Sedangkan debit rencana metode Gama-1 untuk Sungai Bremi adalah 49,97 m3/s, 70,36 m3/s, 82,51 m3/s, 95,51 m3/s, 103,61 m3/s, 111,28 m3/s, dan 118,17 m3/s . Pada kondisi LWL tidak hujan dan daya tampung sungai cukup sedangkan pada kondisi LWL hujan sebagian ruas sungai meluap. Ada beberapa pilihan penanganan banjir ini, yaitu A. Bendung Gerak, Tambak, dan Normalisasi Parapet; B. Bendungan, kolam, normalisasi tembok pembatas, pompa, dan PRH; C. Normalisasi, tembok pembatas, dan PRH; dan D.PRH saja. Dari keempat opsi tersebut, disarankan untuk memilih opsi C atau D sesuai dengan ketersediaan anggaran dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut: biaya rendah, ramah lingkungan, ketersediaan air tanah meningkat, pengurangan penurunan muka tanah, dan pencegahan intrusi air laut, serta biaya operasional yang lebih rendah
Güncel Sergileme Pratiklerinde Eleştirel Küratöryal Yaklaşımlar
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Yıldız
Published: December 2022

18. yüzyılda müzelerin kamuya açılmasıyla birlikte dönemin bilimsel, teknolojik, sosyo-politik ve kültürel anlayışları küratörlük uygulamalarına da yansımıştır. Bu dönemdeki sergileme politikalarında siyasal iktidarların söylemlerini ve temsil biçimlerini görmek mümkündür. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde kültür-sanat alanında yaşanan dönüşümler ve toplumsal muhalefet hareketlerinin etkileri sonucunda sanat kurumları ve küratöryal pratikler sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. 1960’lardan sonra kurumlardan bağımsızlaşan küratörler, eleştirel sergileme modellerinin inşasında önemli bir figür haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, güncel sergileme pratiklerinde eleştirel küratörlük yaklaşımlarının yaygın bir eğilim olduğu söylenebilir. Eleştirel küratörlük cinsiyet, cinsel yönelim, ırksal, sınıfsal ve benzeri eşitsizlikleri sanatsal ve kültürel bağlamlarıyla sorunsallaştıran bir üst kavram olarak tarif edilebilir. Bu makalede müzelerin doğuşu, küratörlüğün ortaya çıkışı ve eleştirel küratörlüğün toplumsal muhalefet hareketleri ile ilişkilerine yer verilmiştir.
Erken Dönem Güneş Diski Karbon Denge ve Denge Dışı Kimyası
Authors: PEKMEZCİ Gül Sevin , L J I , M O
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada Öngüneş Diski’nde gerçekleşen CO - CH4 dönüşümünün kimyası, önce termokimyasal denge metodu ve ardından denge dışı hesabı ile analiz edilmektedir. Denge yaklaşımıyla diskteki karbon dönüşüm tepkimesinin 100-2000 K sıcaklığı arasındaki değişimi ileri düzey bir kimyasal kod ile hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar Güneş Sistemi’nin dev gezegen atmosferleri için yapılmış ölçüm veya gözlemlerle kıyaslanmıştır. Fakat bu tepkime için diskteki uygun koşullar yalnızca sınırlı bir süre ve sıcaklıkta var olur. Diskin soğumasıyla bu dönüşümün durması beklenir. Dönüşümün sönmesi için sıcaklık aralığı ve Öngüneş Diski kimyasal kompozisyonu büyük bir kimyasal çeşitlilik ile ayrıntılı olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları beklentiler doğrultusundadır ve literatürdeki benzerlerine kıyasla oldukça detaylıdır.bulguları beklentiler doğrultusundadır ve literatürdeki benzerlerine kıyasla oldukça detaylıdır.
The Performances of Hybrid Grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus Fed with Defatted Soybean Meal-Based Feeds with Supplementation of Phytase
Authors: Mohd Faudzi Norfazreena , Shapawi Rossita , Senoo Shigeharu , Biswas Amal , Yong Annita Seok Kian
Published: December 2022

Fish meal is the primary protein ingredient in fish feed and this material is expensive and non-renewable. However, the use of plant protein in marine fish feed such as soybean meal products are limited due to anti-nutritional factor that hindered fish performances. Therefore, hybrid grouper, a cross between tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) was evaluated using defatted soybean meal (DSM) based feed and phytase. DSM- based feeds (30% of protein replacement) with supplementation of phytase at 0 and 2000 FTU/kg dosages, as well as a control feed (CON) comprised completely of fish meal (FM) was given to the hybrid grouper with an initial body weight of 6.2±0.0g. Each experimental feed was formulated with 50% of crude protein and 12% of crude lipid. The fish were raised in 100L fiberglass tanks equipped with a flow-through water system for each triplicate treatment. The hybrid grouper was fed with the respective feeds twice a day until the perceived satiation level for 12 weeks. Hybrid grouper fed CON and DSM-based feed did not exhibit any significant difference in growth. However, hybrid grouper fed with DSM-based feed grew larger compared to that fed with CON. Hybrid grouper fed with DSM-based feed showed significantly higher feed intake, lower net protein utilization, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) protein values (p<0.05). The value of ADC of phosphorus was slightly higher in DSM-based feed supplemented with phytase at a dosage of 2000 FTU/kg. No significant effect was observed on body proximate composition, morphological condition of the intestine, and ADC of lipids in all the treatments. The results show that hybrid grouper can effectively consume 30% DSM-based feed and supplementing phytase did not affect the fish performances.
A Review of Intraocular Pressure and A Novel Interpretation Tool for the Emergency Eye Examination Setting: A Technical Report
Authors: Henderson Jack
Published: December 2022

Tonometers are used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) and are not a common diagnostic investigation used in the emergency department. They are becoming increasingly utilised by the emergency physician to aid in the differentiation of serious ocular pathologies. However, the interpretation of IOP measurements remains difficult and no current guideline or tool exists to assist the emergency physician in the interpretation of these values. Defining and categorising IOP readings is complex, challenging and controversial. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review of intraocular pressure values was undertaken and a novel tool designed to assist the emergency physician identify sight threatening ocular emergencies including hypotony, scleral perforation, retinal detachment, uveitis, retrobulbar haemorrhage, acute angle closure glaucoma and endophthalmitis. This simple, visual interpretation tool aims to provide the emergency physician with diagnostic assistance that is not currently available in current literature to support faster diagnosis of emergency ocular pathologies. Intraocular pressure values will be influenced by type of tonometer, physician technique and patient variation therefore, as with any diagnostic tool, results should be interpreted within the clinical context.
Pengaruh Dukungan Organisasional Dan Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja Terhadap Keterikatan Karyawan Di PT. Sawindo Kencana Bangka Belitung
Authors: Ningtyas Erwia Febriyantama Minangjawa , Kamela Ice
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh Dukungan Organisasional dan Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja terhadap Keterikatan Karyawan di PT. Sawindo Kencana Bangka Belitung. Sampel yang digunakan 95 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling. Pengumpulan data berupa data sekunder dan data primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda dengan uji parsial (uji t). Pengolahan data menggunakan spss versi 25. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Dukungan Organisasional dan Kualitas Kehidupan Kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap Keterikatan Karyawan di PT. Sawindo Kencana Bangka Belitung.
Internet Addiction and Sleep Quality Among Medical Students of Delhi: A New Age Epidemic
Authors: Chauhan Nitesh , Tiwari Poornima , Ahlawat Pooja , Singh Sunil kumar , Kamble Bhushan Dattatray , Mahaur Gunjan
Published: December 2022

Background: Recently there is an explosive growth of internet usage among youth worldwide. Internet addiction is defined as psychological dependence on the Internet leading to inability to control one’s use of the Internet.
Objective: To study the prevalence of internet addiction and quality of sleep among medical students of Delhi and to find out the factors associated with internet addiction.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, using stratified random sampling method was conducted among undergraduate students of VMMC & Safdarjung hospital Delhi. Young’s internet addiction test and Pittsburgh sleep quality index was administered.
Results: Mean age of study participant was 20.3 ± 2.3 SD years. Internet addiction was found in more than half of the study participant. Poor sleep quality was also found in more than half (57.2%) of them. On analysing internet addiction with associated factors, it was observed that gender, monthly data usage, source of internet use, phone use while eating, ever notice by teacher in class while using phone, monthly expenditure and quality of sleep were statistically significantly (p < .001) associated.
Conclusion: This study implies that internet addiction was high among medical student. More than half of the study participants was suffering from poor sleep quality.
Psychosocial Perceptions as Significant Impact Modifiers - A Mixed Method Research Among Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Purushothaman Punithakumari , T Susila , Santhanakrishnan Iswarya , Rajamanickam Saranya , K Karthikeyan , Samuel Babu
Published: December 2022

Context: Covid 19 pandemic which evolved in successive waves had profound pyschosocial impact on affected individuals. Perceptions had impact on both individual and environmental level with potential behavioural consequences. The aim of the research is to study the psychosocial perception and psychological impact of COVID- 19 among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Methodology: The study was a mixed method research (Quan-Qual sequential design) conducted in the Covid wards of a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore district. The psychological impact was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale. The results of quantitative analyses and qualitative analyses were expressed as proportions and done using thematic analysis using grounded theory respectively.
Results: About 55% of the hospitalized Covid-19 patients had psychological impact. On multivariate analysis, the factors which emerged as independent risk factors for presence of psychological morbidities due to COVID were presence of high stress level, sleep disturbances and their perception of COVID as high threat.
Conclusions: Focussed Counselling with specific reference to attend to spiritual health component in addition, would go a long way in diminishing immediate and long-term psychological impact due to covid-19 illness.
Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial Yang Efektif Dan Kualitas SDM Terhadap Tumbuh Kembang Umkm Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Devi Yulistia Devi , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Saefurrohman Ghina Ulfah Saefurrohman , Rakhmat Rakhmat
Published: December 2022

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah mempunyai peranan dan pengaruh yang cukup besar dalam menyokong perekonomian masyarakat dan pembangunan ekonomi nasional. Namun dalam proses berjalannya usaha masih terdapat kendala yang dihadapi oleh pelaku UMKM. Kendala tersebut antara lain rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) dan tingginya efektivitas penggunaan media sosial yang tidak sejalan dengan omzet penjualan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, data yang digunakan data primer, melalui hasil penyebaran kuesioner dengan sampel 32 responden  pelaku UMKM Sentra Keripik Gang PU. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda yang diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 25.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Sosial berpengaruh terhadap variabel Pengembangan UMKM. Lalu dalam pandangan ekonomi Islam kualitas SDM dan penggunaan media sosial dalam UMKM sentra keripik pisang Gang PU telah menerapkan prinsip ekonomi Islam namun belum dikatakan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil atau layanan, serta produktivitas barang dan jasa yang sudah sesuai dengan konsep profesionalisme (itqan), amanah, dan kejujuran.
Senna Alata Leaf and Stem: Phytochemical Screening,
Nutritional Content, and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: James Olowoyeye Odunayo , Emmanuel Oluwadare Olusegun , Saanumi Gabriel Ayodeji , Akinkunmi Owolabi Oluwafemi , Adekanmi Abideen A.
Published: December 2022

In the current examination, the nutritional composition, phytochemical content and antibacterial activities of an extract from Senna alata leaf and stem were all evaluated. The Candle bush (Senna alata) leaf and stem were then cleaned, allowed to air dry at room temperature, and then ground. In ethanol aqueous solutions, extracts of the leaves and stems were produced. To ascertain the nutritional composition, antibacterial content, and phytochemical property, standard techniques were employed. Moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, ash content, crude fat and carbohydrate for Senna alata were measured at 16.43± 0.02, 18.89± 0.05, 9.36± 0.03, 6.17± 0.02, 16.73± 0.01, 32.42 ± 0.05 respectively for leaves extract and 4.43± 0.04, 14.22± 0.02, 5.46± 0.01, 4.17± 0.03, 14.56± 0.05, 57.16± 0.02 respectively for stem extract. Alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, tannin, and phlobatannin were quantitatively and qualitatively identified in Senna alata's aqueous and ethanolic extracts utilizing leaf and stem extract, respectively. Amoxicillin was used as the control and the zones of inhibition by ethanolic extracts (leaf and stem) against streptococcus were determined at 3.5 mm, 3.5 mm, and zone of 6.5 mm, respectively. The zones of inhibition for ethanolic against E. coli were, respectively, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, and amoxicillin medication as control at zone of 4.5 mm. At zones of 5.0 mm, 5.0 mm, for both stem and leaves, and 6.0 mm for the amoxicillin medication as control, ethanolic extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. As the outcome suggests, Senna alata's stem and leaves both demonstrate that they contain antimicrobial compounds and have a high therapeutic potential for use as sources of safer or more effective antimicrobial agent replacements for synthetically produced antimicrobial agents, which are conventionally hailed as being effective in treating infections.
Effects of Psidium guajava and Ribes americanum Aqueous Extracts and Dietary Modification on some Markers of Renal, Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Khala , Mohammed Sani Sule , Mohammed Kano Atiku
Published: December 2022

The effect of aqueous extract of P. guajava and R. americanum and dietary modification interactions on serum renal function markers levels (urea, creatinine) cardiac function markers (lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase), serum ions (calcium, sodium, and potassium ions) were investigated in rats. Fully grown Wister strain rats were exposed to high fat and salted diet formulation and treated with the aqueous extract for a period of 6 weeks. The diets were formulated by adding 25% animal fat and 5% palm oil to standard feeds (Vital feeds, Bukuru Jos, Plateau. Significant decrease in serum urea, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities in the group treated with P. guajava and R. americanum aqueous extract compared to the high fat-salted water group. There was no significant difference in plasma urea and Creatinine, LDH and CK levels between the standard feeds and standard feed plus salted water group. Significant increase in the plasma Creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase levels (at p<0.05) of the high-fat plus salted water group when compared with the high fat group. Significant (at p<0.05) increase in serum sodium of the group exposed to salted water when compared with the non-salted water group. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum sodium levels of extract administered groups compared to the high fat-salted water and standard feed salted water groups. There was also a significant increase, at p<0.05, in serum potassium and calcium of the extracts administered group when compared with the standard feed salted water, high fat and high fat salted water groups. The study showed that the combined effects of high fat and high salt increased serum sodium and decreased serum potassium and calcium. Administration of the aqueous extract administration reversed by the effects
Metals Transfer from Soil to Plants and Water across Nasarawa Town, Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Rilwan U , Waida J , Musa M , Adamu Andrew , Ikpughul SI
Published: December 2022

In Nasarawa, mining has been going on for the last 50 years, and the vegetables we ate have trapped metals. This research aims to show how much of these metals are transferred from soil to water and different kinds of food crops in Nasarawa. The findings showed that, at all places, the Transfer Factor for various trace elements in soil-water dropped in the following order: Zn (0.76) > Pb (0.75) > Fe (0.66) > Mn (0.59) > Cu (0.51) > Ni (0.49). The overall Transfer Factor (soil-edible plants) for several trace elements is in the following order: Pb (0.60) > Zn (0.54) > Zn (0.49) > Ni (0.39) > Cu (0.38) > Mn (0.22). Because of this, the nearby flora and water are regarded as safe for use in food by the general public, even though the transfer coefficients of a trace element in the majority of the heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Pb) are greater than 0.50, which suggests that there may be a higher likelihood that anthropogenic activities have contaminated the plant or water. Additionally, heavy metal levels in the environment must be regularly checked to prevent rapid accumulation over time.
RELATO TECNOLÓGICO DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UMA UNIDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: O CASO DO CENTRO DE REFERÊNCIA DO IFPR - PONTA GROSSA/PR
Authors: Pinto Fabiana Guzzoni , Stadler Adriano
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o relato do processo de implantação de uma unidade avançada de uma escola técnica federal em uma cidade de médio porte do interior do Estado do Paraná. Objetiva relatar os desafios, potencialidades e dificuldades frente ao cenário pandêmico que influenciou diretamente a implantação da unidade de ensino, denominada Centro de Referência (CR) do Instituto Federal de Ponta Grossa/PR. Metodologicamente, o texto está estruturado em formato de relato tecnológico, de natureza qualitativa e descritiva. As fontes dos dados são os projetos de implantação da instituição, estatísticas e relatórios da prefeitura de Ponta Grossa, bem como dados referentes aos dois primeiros anos das atividades na referida escola técnica.
Editorial: Productivity and Internationalization Approaches in Higher Education
Authors: KONDAKCI Yasar
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 health crisis has had a remarkable impact on higher education. In the post-Covid era, many scholars and institutions have been reviewing the impact of this health crisis on higher education. Although some scholars use the statement of “going back” to the usual conduct of pre-covid, the crisis left a remarkable impact on the structural and functional characteristics of these institutions. Internationalization and digitalization are two topics highlighted in the post-Covid discussions. Early reports on the impact of Covid-19 on internationalization and digitalization suggest that higher education organizations will experience various pressures to adopt new modes of operation and delivery of services. In any case, higher education is likely to remain a vibrant field in the effort to find pathways to a changing future. In this issue of the Journal, studies investigating different topics related to governance and policy issues in higher education are presented.
OCENA POZIOMU BEZPIECZEŃSTWA W POWIECIE PRZYSUSKIM W PERSPEKTYWIE EKSPERTÓW I SPOŁECZNOŚCI LOKALNEJ
Authors: Smolarkiewicz Marcin , Zych Paulina
Published: December 2022

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki oceny poziomu świadomości ekspertów do spraw bezpieczeństwa
oraz społeczeństwa powiatu przysuskiego na temat akceptowalności ryzyka wybranych zagrożeń,
które miałoby na celu polepszenie działań prewencyjnych na terenie powiatu. Badania
zostały przeprowadzone na trzech grupach respondentów: mieszkańcach powiatu przysuskiego,
funkcjonariuszach Państwowej Straży Pożarnej reprezentujących Komendę Powiatową PSP oraz
funkcjonariuszach Policji reprezentujących Komendę Powiatową Policji w Przysusze. Wyniki badań
wskazują na konieczność poprawy komunikacji ryzyka, jak również większej transparentności
działań prowadzonych przez służby na terenie powiatu.
OCHRONA GRANICY PAŃSTOWEJ PRZEZ SIŁY ZBROJNE RP W WARUNKACH NIELEGALNEJ MIGRACJI
Authors: Kukuła Arkadiusz
Published: December 2022

Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej stanowią główny fundament bezpieczeństwa państwa.
W polskim systemie prawnym, zgodnie z wieloma dokumentami normatywnymi począwszy od
Konstytucji, ustawy o obronie ojczyzny, Siły Zbrojne są odpowiedzialne za ochronę oraz niepodzielność
granic. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono zadania oraz uprawnienia, jakie
posiadają Siły Zbrojne RP w zakresie ochrony granicy. W dalszej części przedstawiono zjawisko
masowej migracji, które stanowi jedno ze współczesnych zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego
państw Unii Europejskiej, w tym Polski. W artykule autor omawia kryzys na granicy polsko-
białoruskiej jako studium przypadku. Omówione zostało użycie Sił Zbrojnych RP w reakcji
na sztucznie wywołany kryzys migracyjny. Przedstawiono, w jaki sposób Siły Zbrojne RP mogą
zostać użyte jako wsparcie Straży Granicznej do ochrony granicy.
SPECIFIC FORMS OF SPENDING AND SPENDING OF BUDGET FUNDS
Authors: Stasiak Jacek
Published: December 2022

One of the basic processes taking place in the system of public finances is budget spending. Public spending is the main instrument for implementing the allocative function of public finance. When making expenditures, it is also necessary to take into account the methods and means to achieve the public objectives adopted for implementation. It should be added that in order to comply with the requirements of the Law on Public Finance, budget expenditures should be made in a manner that allows timely implementation of tasks, as well as in the amounts and deadlines resulting from the commitments made.
Weak Investment Law Enforcement in Land and Forest Fire Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Wuryandari Utji Sri Wulan , Chairani Anggi Dewinta , Safitri Myrna Asnawati
Published: December 2022

This article aims to analyze the formulation of sanctions in Indonesian investment law against foreign investors who commit environmental damage and pollution in the case of forest and land fires. This paper uses a legislative approach by analyzing the quality of legal norms on regulating sanctions for foreign investors involved in forest and land fires. The results show that the current development of global investment law requires companies, including transnational companies, to carry out environmental responsibilities in addition to social responsibility and good governance. The need to build pro-environmental investment law is important to strengthen environmental law enforcement with a multi-door approach. This is not followed by the investment law in Indonesia. The country's Investment Law does not strictly regulate sanctions against investors who violate their obligations and responsibilities to maintain the environment. The aspect of government supervision of the implementatio of investor obligations is also weak. These weaknesses in legal substance show that investment law is not in line with today's investment objectives that require support for environmental preservation or better known as green investment. This paper concludes that investment law will not be effective in supporting law enforcement in forest and land fire cases due to the lack of sanction formulation and weak supervision. Because of this, the existing investment law is still far from the goal of realizing green investment in Indonesia.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN PADA ULASAN APLIKASI AMAZON SHOPPING DI GOOGLE PLAY STORE MENGGUNAKAN NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER
Authors: Ernianti Hasibuan  , Elmo Allistair Heriyanto
Published: December 2022

Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a study that analyzes people's opinions, thoughts and impressions on various topics, subjects, and products or services. The development of social media makes public opinion data available which can be found easily on the internet. The large volume of data causes the need for an automatic system to classify the data based on different aspects because classifying data manually is a time-consuming process. In this study, sentiment analysis will be carried out with a machine learning-based approach using the Naive Bayes algorithm using user review data on the Amazon Shopping application on the Google Play Store. The classification results using the four Naive Bayes algorithms produce an average accuracy of 82.15%, precision of 72.25%, recall of 83.49%, and f1-score of 77.41%. Multinomial NB produces the best accuracy among the four Naive Bayes algorithms used, which is 86.74%. The values of precision, recall, and f1-score are 78.82%, 85.90%, and 82.21%, respectively.
Is Fun A Matter of Grammar?
Authors: Field Giles
Published: December 2022

This paper outlines an analysis of the word ‘fun’, as it is used in everyday English sentences to describe various activities and asks why some things are labeled as fun while others seem unable to be properly described as such. One common unspoken idea, for example, is that a fun activity is deemed fun due to having a particular phenomenology, in a way that might be comparable to being in a ‘flow state’. Due to the trouble such psychological accounts of fun have in explaining both the precise conditions of fun and also why some activities are thought to be enjoyable but not fun, a deflationary theory is instead introduced.
This proposed alternative account suggests that the use of the word ‘fun’, when describing activities in English sentences, signals that the sentence is a generic sentence, an idea based on a semantic distinction made by Greg Carlson (1989). Further, it is argued that the words ‘pleasurable’ and ‘enjoyable’ are reserved for non-generic sentences, leaving the use of the word ‘fun’ to signal something akin to a grammar relation, rather than referring to a feeling or psychological state.
STUDY OF GENERATIONAL COHORTS OF GRADUATES OF THE DEGREE IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF OAXACA IN TIMES OF COVID-19
Authors: ROBLEDO-TABOADA LUIS HUMBERTO , BARTOLO-ALEMÁN MARTHA HILARIA , MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ MOISÉS , VASQUEZ-MARTINEZ MARCELO , MARTÍNEZ-MENDOZA SARAI MARIA , SILVA-MONTES GERARDO , LUNA-PEREZ ATALIA , MORALES-CASTILLO VICENTE , CORDOVA-MIRELES DANNY ADOLFO
Published: December 2022

In this work, the generational cohorts were analyzed through the analysis and synthesis of the institute's databases through the use of Excel software, advanced filters and dynamic tables, thus obtaining the number of industrial engineering graduates from the year 2012 to 2017, it an analytical table is presented of the school trajectory of the industrial engineering students of the Technological Institute of Oaxaca, however it is compared to graduates of previous generations of the same institution, the impact of the current pandemic is analyzed and a perspective of future ones is proposed generations in terms of future problems that intervene in the number of graduated students and number of graduated graduates.
Covid-19 Pandemisinde D-Dimer Testi Birimi Karmaşası
Authors: Aydın Özgür
Published: December 2022

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The comparison of two different protein-containing rations (CP;17.82% vs CP;19.18%) for Anatolian water buffaloes
Authors: Değirmencioğlu Taşkın
Published: December 2022

Effects of feeding with diets (D1 and D2), Crude protein (CP) 17.82% and CP;19.18% contents on dry matter intake, milk yield, and composition were compared for 20 Anatolian Water buffaloes, distributed in two groups (T, E). Diets did not affect DM intake of concentrate and silage among buffaloes. Milk yield got improved (4.93 to 5.63 kg d-1) (P<0.05) in buffaloes fed by a diet D2 (CP;19.18%) as compared to diet D1 (CP; 17.82%). In general, D1 and D2 diets did not cause any difference in the milk compositions examined of buffaloes on the other hand, using of sunflower cake should be encouraged on the buffalo’s farm.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Agama Kristen Menurut Mazmur 119:9-16 terhadap Perilaku Seks Pra-Nikah di Kalangan Siswa SMP dan SMA Sutomo di Medan
Authors: Stephanus Andhy
Published: December 2022

Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam kaitannya dengan pendidikan seksual terhadap anak-anak remaja merupakan pendidikan yang sangat penting dan harus menjadi bagian dalam kehidupan keluarga-keluarga Kristen, sekolah-sekolah Kristen, bahkan gereja-gereja. Namun pada kenyataannya, seringkali pendidikan tentang seks masih dianggap sangat tabu (tidak boleh dibicarakan sebelum anak-anak tumbuh dewasa), sehingga dengan perkembangan zaman sekarang ini, anak-anak remaja mencari tahu sendiri apa yang membuat mereka penasaran, dalam hal ini tentang seks dengan cara-cara yang bisa saja salah dan menjerumuskan mereka. Keingin-tahuan yang kuat pada remaja seringkali mendorong mereka untuk berusaha memenuhinya dengan berbagai cara, mulai dari mencari informasi tentang seks melalui media buku-buku, majalah, internet bahkan mungkin melalui teman-teman mereka yang nota bene bisa dikatakan masih terlalu muda dan belum paham betul tentang seks. Hal inilah yang seringkali membawa para remaja terjerumus dalam kejahatan atau dosa seksualitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei yang bersifat kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa Kristen di SMP – SMA Sutomo 1 dan Sutomo 2 Medan sebanyak 2.193 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan Simple Random Sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 296 orang. Metode dan alat pengumpulan data adalah dengan angket untuk mengukur variabel Pendidikan Agama Kristen menurut Mazmur 119: 9-16 (X) terhadap Perilaku Seks Pra Nikah di kalangan Siswa SMP dan SMA Sutomo di Medan (Y), berskala “Model Likert” dengan rentang skala data 1 sampai dengan 5 disebut skala kontinum. Teknik analisis data dengan: (a) deskripsi data, untuk setiap variabel penelitian dengan cara penetapan skor empiris, mean, median, modus dan standar deviasi; (b) uji persyaratan analisis dilakukan dengan uji normalitas dan uji linearitas. Uji normalitas menggunakan Q-Q Plot, sedangkan uji linearitas menggunakan deviation from linearity; dan (c) uji hipotesis pertama, dengan rumus Confidence Interval (µ) dengan cara menghitung posisi lower and upper bound; uji hipotesis kedua dengan analisis korelasi sederhana (ryn); determinasi varians (r2yn); uji signifikansi korelasi sederhana (uji t); persamaan garis regresi linear Ŷ=a+Xn disertai makna persamaan garis tersebut; uji signifikansi regresi (F) melalui tabel Anova, analisis korelasi parsial (ry1.2mn).
Pengaruh Theopreneurship Berdasarkan Nats Yohanes 15:1-8 terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Jemaat Gereja GBI Keluarga Besar Medan Plaza
Authors: Tarigan Aremi Evanta
Published: December 2022

Church growth is a phenomenon that is very commonly discussed by people, especially in the world of Christianity. Often church growth is seen in terms of quantity without regard to the quality of the congregation. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of theopreneur-ship based on John 15: 1-8 on the economic growth of the GBI Keluarga Besar Medan Plaza congregation. The research method used is a quantitative method. The population and sample of the study were all 3,500 workers of the Bethel Church of Indonesia Rayon IV with a sample set of 10%, namely 350 respondents. The result of the research is that there is an influence of theopreneurship according to John 15: 1-8 on the economic growth of the church by 74.1%. The conclusion is, partially there is a significant influence between the application of theopreneurship principles according to John 15: 1-8 with the economic growth of the church. It is important to use the characteristics of entrepreneurship, as well as the application of theopreneurship principles according to John 15: 1-8 on the dependent variable (church economic growth). Pertumbuhan gereja merupakan sebuah fenomena yang sangat lazim diperbincangkan orang terutama dalam dunia kekristenan. Seringkali pertumbuhan gereja dilihat dari kuantitas tanpa memperhatikan kualitas jemaat. Tujuan penelian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh theopreneur-ship berdasarkan Yohanes 15:1-8 terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi jemaat GBI Keluarga Besar Medan Plaza. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah seluruh pengerja Gereja Bethel Indonesia Rayon IV sebanyak 3.500 orang dengan menetapkan sampel sebesar 10 %, yaitu 350 responden. Hasil penelitian adalah ada pengaruh theopreneurship menurut Yohanes 15:1-8 terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi jemaat sebesar 74,1%. Kesimpulannya adalah, secara parsial ada pengaruh signifikan antara penerapan prinsip-prinsip theopreneurship menurut Yohanes 15:1-8 dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi jemaat. Penting untuk pemanfaatan karakteristik entrepreneurship, serta penerapan prinsip-prinsip theopreneurship menurut Yohanes 15:1-8 terhadap variabel dependen (pertumbuhan ekonomi jemaat).
Mengimpelementasikan Karakteristik Kepemimpinan Salomo Pada Masa Kini: Eksposisi 2 Tawarikh 1:1-13
Authors: Panjaitan Tutur Parade Tua , Meliala Surya Kencana , Sianturi Joyanda , Nazara Febriman
Published: December 2022

This research is an attempt to determine implementation of Solomon's leadership characteristics based on the Book of 2 Chronicles 1:1-13. The research method used is exposition. From the investigation of the text, it was found that Solomon's leadership characteristics included: political leadership, social leadership, and spiritual leadership. The aspects of Solomon's successful leadership were God's call and Solomon's prayer. The characteristics of Solomon's leadership in this passage are worthy of being an example for God's servants today. The principles that can be taken from Solomon's life are: having a close relationship with God, serving leadership and leading wisely. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah usaha untuk mengetahui implementasi karakteristik kepemimpinan Salomo pada masa kini berdasarkan Kitab 2 Tawarikh 1:1-13. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksposisi. Dari penyelidikan atas teks, ditemukan bahwa karakteristik kepemimpinan Salomo di antaranya: kepemimpinan bidang politik, kepemimpinan bidang sosial, dan kepemimpinan bidang kerohanian. Aspek-aspek keberhasilan kepemimpinan Salomo adalah panggilan Allah dan doa Salomo. Karakteristik kepemimpinan Salomo dalam perikop ini, layak dijadikan teladan bagi hamba Tuhan masa kini. Prinsip-prinsip yang dapat diambil lewat kehidupan Salomo ini adalah: memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan Tuhan, kepemimpinan yang melayani dan memimpin dengan hikmat.
بررسی توقعات متعلمان مکاتب از پوهنتون‌ها و مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی خصوصی
Authors:   Academic Cadre of Ghalib University-Herat, Anwar Mohammad Abed
Published: December 2022

بیش‌ترشدن پوهنتون‌ها و مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی خصوصی در هرات از یک طرف، و اشباع بازار کار از طرف دیگر، میدان رقابت و فعالیت را برای پوهنتون‌ها و مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی هر روز تنگ می‌سازد. این می‌طلبد تا این نهادها برای ادامة فعالیت و حیات خود، آگاهانه و سنجیده قدم بردارند. اساسی‌ترین دیدگاه در این امرِ مهم، دانستن توقعات نسل آینده در این شهر، یعنی متعلمان کنونی از این نهادها است، تا در راستای این توقعات بتوانند محصلان بیش‌تری جذب نمایند و بقای خود را حفظ کنند. هدف اصلی این تحقیق، یافتن پاسخِ قناعت‌بخش به این پرسش بوده است که:‌ توقعات متعلمانِ مکاتب هرات از پوهنتون‌ها و مؤسسات تحصیلات عالی خصوصی در این ولایت چیست؟ ‌داده‌های تحقیق از طریق برنامة SPSS مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌است. جامعة هدف این تحقیق، متعلمان صنف‌های یازدهم و دوازدهم مکاتب دولتی و خصوصی شهر هرات بودند. پرسش‌نامه‌ها به روش تصادفی برای متعلمان صنوف یازدهم و دوازدهم، توزیع گردید و مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی‌ و از نظر روش اکتشافی بوده است. نتایج حاکی از این است، که خدمات آموزشی (درس)، خدمات رفاهی و داشتن هیئت علمی قوی، برای متعلمان مکاتب بیش‌ترین اهمیت را دارد
Csernicskó, István – Kornélia Hires-László – Zoltán Karmacsi – Anita Márku – Réka Máté – Enikő Tóth-Orosz 2020 Ukrainian language policy gone astray: The Law of Ukraine “On Supporting the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as the State Language” (analytical overview)
Authors:   University of Pannonia, Dobsa Beáta
Published: December 2022

The review deals with current language policy issues, analysing the Law of Ukraine “On Supporting the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as the State Language” adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2019(URL1). The volume, written by Transcarpathian Hungarian linguists, begins with a foreword by Petteri Laihonen, in which he notes that language policy in Ukraine is largely charged with emotions and passions, and that while the language legislation was being drafted, news of fist fights in the Kyiv parliament's chamber were spreading around the world.