bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok on Mental Health of College Students
Authors: Komal Aqsa , Shahid Uqba , Khan Sania , Hayat Umar , Fatima Arooj , Mashail
Published: February 2025

Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok have become integral parts of daily life, especially among college students. Mental health is the main pillar of healthy human societies, which plays a vital role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of any society in such a way that other parts of health cannot be achieved without mental health. The nature of the study was quantitative that was conducted through correlational research design.  For the purpose of data collection survey was conducted by using questionnaire. Convenient sampling technique was employed to select 150 college students (male=75, female=75). Results reveal that significant positive correlation was measured between use of social media, depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, there was negative relationship between use of social media and sleep quality of college students.    Findings of the study reveal that there is statistically significant mean score difference was found between male and female college students on use of social media, depression, and anxiety, stress and sleep quality. Colleges could use the findings to design programs and workshops aimed at educating students about the importance of a healthy digital lifestyle.
Structuring a Gamification Model in Digital Marketing Using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
Authors: Sharifi Hashjin Maryam , Asayesh Farzad , Ahmadi Sharif Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the impact of gamification elements on customer engagement, brand loyalty, and sustainable consumer behavior within the context of digital marketing. By utilizing Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the study seeks to identify key factors that influence how gamification enhances the customer experience and promotes positive brand interaction. Additionally, the research aims to understand how gamification can drive sustainable behaviors among consumers, particularly in industries that emphasize eco-friendly practices. The study used a mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis. A group of experts in marketing and gamification was selected to provide insights into the key factors affecting gamified marketing strategies. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis, while the quantitative data was processed through ISM to create a hierarchical model illustrating the relationships between variables. The study focused on variables such as customer behavior identification, user interaction, gamification elements, organizational culture, and digital space. The results indicate that gamification significantly enhances customer engagement by tapping into intrinsic motivations such as achievement, competition, and rewards. Gamified experiences also foster stronger emotional connections between consumers and brands, leading to increased brand loyalty. Additionally, the study found that gamification can promote sustainable consumer behaviors by encouraging eco-friendly actions through rewards and social competition. Poorly designed or manipulative gamified experiences, however, can reduce consumer trust and satisfaction. Gamification is a powerful tool for driving consumer engagement, loyalty, and sustainability in digital marketing. Marketers should focus on designing ethical and intuitive gamified experiences that align with consumer motivations. The findings suggest that gamification not only enhances brand interaction but also contributes to broader social and environmental goals. Future research should explore the long-term effects of gamified marketing strategies.
Application of Neuro-Coaching Model in Esfahan Steel Company
Authors: Asadi Babak , Dalvi Esfahan Mohamadreza , Shirvani Alireza
Published: February 2025

The present study aimed to apply the neuro-coaching model in Esfahan Steel Company. This research is applied in terms of its objective and belongs to the category of qualitative grounded theory studies of an exploratory nature, conducted in two phases. In the first phase, after reviewing the literature, 15 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted using theoretical purposive sampling (including experts from Islamic Azad Universities and managers of Esfahan Steel Company). Data were gathered until theoretical saturation was reached. To analyze the data collected from the interviews, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was implemented, and the analysis was carried out in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. At the end, a summary of the formulated model was presented to four professors, and their feedback was collected for revision and adjustment. To ensure the reliability of the data, the criteria of grounded theory, including understandability, fit, controllability, and generalizability, as proposed by Strauss and Corbin (2008), were carefully examined. In the next phase, using confirmatory factor analysis, the axial, causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and outcomes were examined. Finally, consensus was reached on 209 open codes and 40 selective codes. Structural equation modeling and partial least squares (PLS) with Smart PLS software were used for modeling. The research findings indicated that the neuro-coaching model in Esfahan Steel Company is based on 8 causal conditions, 8 contextual conditions, 6 intervening factors, and 7 strategies. Ultimately, 11 major outcomes were identified for Esfahan Steel Company, which include: improvement of neural processes, personal growth and development, empowerment and psychological improvement, enhancement of interactions and satisfaction, performance improvement and cost reduction, psychology and personal relationships, interactions and communications, personal and psychological growth, personal and professional development, interactions and practices, and the quality and effectiveness of neural solutions.
Modeling FinTech Variables on the Profitability of Banks and Financial Institutions Using a Dynamic Systems Approach
Authors: Khorshidi Arash , Sefati Farid , Ghiyasvand Alireza
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to model FinTech variables and their impact on the profitability of banks and financial institutions. FinTech has become a significant factor in reducing financial intermediation, accelerating this process. Consequently, many customers have left commercial banks and turned to FinTech companies. In fact, FinTech has eliminated temporal and spatial limitations. However, these changes have not left banks unaffected, exposing them to various threats. Issues such as resource shortages, delays in collecting receivables, or even their potential loss, external threats, and competition with other banks are factors that may result from outdated banking technologies. This research adopts a dynamic systems approach, which provides a comprehensive dynamic perspective for modeling, combining quantitative and qualitative aspects to simulate a phenomenon over time. The present study is a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) research, which is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-exploratory in terms of data collection method. It is conducted in two qualitative and quantitative sections. The analysis of the positive feedback loop indicates a dynamic process in which risk management and evaluation positively influence each other. Moreover, based on the research findings, FinTech has a positive impact on profitability and efficiency in the banking industry.
Futurology of Artificial Intelligence Governance in a Smart Government for Achieving a Sustainable and Efficient Structure for Utilizing Advanced Technologies
Authors: Shokri Ali , Rezaeian Ali , Keramati Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2025

The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on governance processes and to identify potential governance structures that could be implemented to manage AI effectively. This study aims to address the current research gap by examining the key variables influencing AI governance and proposing strategic scenarios based on a structured analysis. This research employs a descriptive design, utilizing an extensive literature review and MICMAC (Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification) analysis. The literature review provided foundational data by identifying significant criteria and sub-criteria related to AI governance from academic journals, policy reports, and governmental publications. These variables were then analyzed using the MICMAC method, which involves constructing a cross-impact matrix to map the interdependencies among variables. The analysis classified variables into categories such as autonomous, dependent, linkage, and driving, providing a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics involved. Scenario development was also carried out to propose governance strategies. The MICMAC analysis revealed critical variables that drive AI governance, including transparency, data protection, ethical considerations, risk management, and sustainability. The study identified the significant interdependencies among these factors and classified them into categories that highlight their roles in governance. Strategic scenarios were developed, emphasizing the importance of continuous policy review, ethical frameworks, and collaboration among stakeholders. The findings suggest that effective AI governance requires adaptable strategies that support innovation while protecting public interests and ensuring long-term sustainability. This study concludes that AI governance in smart governments must be comprehensive and dynamic, addressing both technological advancements and societal needs. The proposed scenarios highlight the necessity of global coalitions, transparent information sharing, and proactive risk management. While this research provides a preliminary understanding of AI governance structures, further empirical studies are needed to validate and refine these strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and collaboration to ensure AI technologies are leveraged responsibly and effectively for societal benefit.
Providing a Causal Model of Industrial Resilience Using Thematic Analysis and Interpretive Structural Modeling in the Automotive Parts Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Chitsaz Hosniyeh , Mahmudzadeh Morteza , Alavi Matin Yaqub , Fakhimi Azar Sirous
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to provide a causal model of industrial resilience using thematic analysis and interpretive structural modeling in the automotive parts manufacturing industry. The research approach is applied, and in terms of nature and method, it is descriptive-analytical and survey-based, falling under the category of mixed methods research (initially qualitative, followed by quantitative). Data and information were collected through a review of library and documentary sources and field observations (interviews and questionnaires). Quantitative models and software were employed for data analysis. Additionally, through thematic analysis and expert interviews, key drivers influencing industrial resilience were identified and selected. Based on the research findings, the overall pattern of industrial resilience drivers in the automotive parts manufacturing industry reflects an unstable environmental system, demonstrating an intermediate state of influence and susceptibility. To identify the relationships between variables and network resilience, the combined DEMATEL-ISM technique was utilized. The study's findings indicate 32 dimensions for designing the industrial resilience model. The results of interpretive structural modeling reveal that the factors of multiple suppliers and contractors, employee training, and knowledge transfer are the most influential components of the resilience model. Conversely, components such as facilitating inter-company collaboration, activities related to sales promotion, networking and cooperation with competitors, institutions, and research and knowledge-based organizations, product marketing and promotion, customer communication, and feedback reception are the most impacted components of the resilience model in the automotive parts manufacturing industry.
Factors Influencing Women's Security in Society: Integrating Thematic Analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process with Emphasis on Social Well-being
Authors: Haji Zeynab , Hashemianfar Seyed Ali , Haghighatian Mansour
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: This study investigates the factors influencing women's security in society using a framework of Thematic Analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By identifying and prioritizing these factors, the research contributes to the development of effective strategies to enhance the safety and well-being of women. This study adopted a mixed-method approach, combining Thematic Analysis with the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Thematic Analysis was utilized to identify key themes and patterns in the existing literature and empirical data related to women's security. Subsequently, the AHP methodology was employed to prioritize these factors based on expert judgments and pairwise comparisons. Thematic Analysis identified key dimensions of women's security, with socio-economic factors (relative importance = 0.195) ranking highest, followed by legal and political factors (relative importance = 0.183). Other significant factors included institutional factors (relative importance = 0.136), cultural and social norms (relative importance = 0.124), community and family dynamics (relative importance = 0.102), technology (relative importance = 0.083), environmental factors (relative importance = 0.074), political and conflict-related factors (relative importance = 0.052), and health and well-being factors (relative importance = 0.051). This study highlights the multifaceted nature of women's security and emphasizes the importance of addressing various factors comprehensively. By integrating Thematic Analysis with the AHP framework, the study provides valuable insights into understanding and addressing the complex challenges faced by women in society.
Designing a Model of Professional Ethics for Managers in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Roozitalab Arvin , Rabiee Mandejin Mohammadreza , Safarzadeh Hossein , Momeni Mandan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to design and validate a comprehensive model of professional ethics for managers in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tehran. The research explores how professional ethics influence various organizational dimensions, including structural, contextual, environmental, and individual factors, to enhance organizational performance and leadership effectiveness. The study employed a quantitative research design using the Delphi method to gather expert opinions and refine the model through three iterative rounds. The sample included 380 active managers from SMEs in Tehran, selected through stratified random sampling based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table. Data were collected using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire developed from expert insights and tested for reliability and validity using Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman correlation, and composite reliability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted using SPSS version 25 and PLS version 3 to evaluate the model's fit and significance. The results demonstrated that professional ethics significantly influence all examined organizational dimensions. The model exhibited strong predictive power, with adjusted R² values of 0.794 and a Goodness of Fit (Gof) index of 0.59, indicating very strong model quality. Path coefficients showed that ethics had substantial impacts on organizational factors (0.877), environmental factors (0.938), contextual factors (0.948), structural factors (0.946), and individual factors (0.955), with all relationships being statistically significant. These findings align with existing literature, emphasizing the crucial role of ethics in enhancing organizational stability, trust, and performance. The study highlights the pivotal role of professional ethics in shaping organizational behavior and performance in SMEs. The validated model underscores the importance of embedding ethical practices in leadership and organizational culture to achieve sustainable success. Future research should explore the model's applicability across different cultural contexts and industries and examine the long-term effects of ethical behavior.
Application of Meta-Synthesis Technique in Bank Profitability Model Considering the Role of Modern Banking Technologies
Authors: Mostafapoor Hossein , Keramati Mohamadali , Mehrinejad Safiyeh , Minouei Mehrzad
Published: February 2025

The profitability of banks, as one of the key performance indicators, depends on their ability to generate income and manage costs. In recent decades, the emergence of modern banking technologies has led to significant transformations in the banking industry, which have had a direct impact on the profitability of banks. The purpose of this study is to apply the meta-synthesis technique to the bank profitability model, considering the role of modern banking technologies. The researcher employed a systematic review and meta-synthesis approach to analyze the results and findings of previous researchers. By following the seven steps of the Sandelowski and Barroso method, the researcher identified the influential factors. Out of 277 articles, 25 articles were selected based on the CASP method, and the validity of the analysis was confirmed with a Kappa coefficient of 0.760. In this context, to assess reliability and quality control, the transcription method was used, and the level of agreement for the identified indicators was found to be excellent. The analysis of the collected data using ATLAS.ti software led to the identification of 52 initial codes in 12 categories. Based on the meta-synthesis technique, the 12 categories were classified according to these concepts. The 12 categories are: system sustainability, cost-effectiveness, system performance, data security, accessibility, regulations, system intelligence, customer satisfaction, system reliability, system documentation, data management, and quality. System sustainability in the bank profitability model, considering the role of modern banking technologies, refers to the bank's ability to maintain and enhance its financial performance in the long term. Modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and advanced security systems help banks effectively manage risks and prevent cyber threats and financial fraud. These technologies increase customer confidence and trust in the banking system and ensure sustainable profitability for banks by reducing costs associated with risks and potential losses.
Examination of Job Leaving Intention Among Faculty Members of Islamic Azad Universities in Fars Province
Authors: Rahsar Mohamad , Ghasemizad Alireza , Mashaikh Pari , Bagheri Karachi Amin
Published: February 2025

In today's competitive environment, a skilled and motivated workforce is considered a key asset for organizations. Paying attention to their values and needs is a critical step toward achieving organizational goals (Khalatbari et al., 2013). As competition increases and human capital development methods expand, organizations strive to retain and empower their employees to enhance performance. However, they fear losing valuable human resources, particularly specialized employees, which is a significant challenge. The departure of these employees imposes high costs on the organization (Pitts et al., 2011). The objective of this study was to examine the job leaving intention among faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in Fars Province. This descriptive-correlational research aims to explore relationships between variables in the current context. The statistical population included all faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in Fars Province, comprising 700 individuals. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated as 208 individuals, but due to the possibility of incomplete responses, the final sample size was 200. The sampling method was quota sampling, and data were collected through a questionnaire developed by Moghimi (2009). The questionnaire's face validity was confirmed by experts, and Cronbach's alpha for reliability was 0.89. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results revealed that the average job leaving intention was below 3, with a standard deviation of 0.72. A significant difference was found between the job leaving intentions of male and female faculty members, with male faculty members having a significantly higher average (3.93) than female faculty members (2.01). Additionally, job leaving intention varied across faculties, with the highest rate observed in the Faculty of Dentistry (mean = 4.789) and the lowest in the Faculty of Chemistry and Materials (mean = 2.980). The findings highlight the importance of retaining skilled human resources, particularly faculty members, and the costs associated with losing them. Organizations can benefit from understanding the factors influencing job leaving intention, such as dissatisfaction and lack of opportunities, and taking steps to reduce turnover through supportive policies and practices. Addressing job-related issues and providing a positive work environment can help reduce job leaving intentions and improve organizational performance.
Identifying and Analyzing the Barriers to the Development of Iranian FinTechs in the Financial Industry
Authors: Rezanezhad Kookhdan Alireza , Ghafari Ashtiani Peyman , Hasan Maleki Mohammad , Zanjirdar Majid
Published: February 2025

Fintechs play an important role in improving financial industry services by providing new innovations and technologies. However, due to various obstacles, Iranian fintechs have not developed much and have little diversity. Most Iranian fintechs are of the payment type. Considering this challenge, the current research seeks to identify and analyze the most important obstacles to the development of Iranian fintechs in the financial industry. The current research is applied in terms of orientation and has a quantitative methodology. The theoretical population of the research is fintech experts in the country and sampling was done based on expertise in the field of financial technologies with a judgmental method. The sample size in the research was equal to 10 people. At first, 24 fintech development barriers were extracted through literature review and structured interviews with experts. The extracted barriers were screened by distribution of expert questionnaires and fuzzy Delphi method. 11 obstacles had a defuzzy number greater than 0.7 and were selected for final prioritization. The final obstacles were investigated by distributing priority questionnaires and the CoCoSo method. Since the content validity index of all the extracted barriers was higher than 0.79, all the research questionnaires had good validity. Priority obstacles were: low depth and variety of financial markets in Iran, closed innovation policies of large financial institutions, lack of trust of customers in innovative financial services and low budget for research and development projects in large financial institutions.
Designing a Model of Key Human Resource Competencies in the Kermanshah Power Distribution Company
Authors: Pashai Vahid Gholamreza , Rahimzadeh Ayob , Danesh Shakib Masoume
Published: February 2025

The Kermanshah Power Distribution Company is a human-centered organization. Therefore, the competencies of its employees must be enhanced to enable them to achieve optimal performance. In this context, the present study aims to propose a model of key human resource competencies in the Kermanshah Power Distribution Company. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing the grounded theory method to identify the factors of the model within the Kermanshah Power Distribution Company. Finally, recommendations and necessary suggestions for improving key human resource competencies in the Kermanshah Power Distribution Company were provided. Based on the findings of the grounded theory, 24 subcategories were identified, which were categorized into six main categories: (1) causal conditions for evaluating key human resource competencies, (2) attention to key human resource competencies, (3) intervening conditions for evaluating key human resource competencies, (4) contextual conditions for evaluating key human resource competencies, (5) strategies for evaluating key human resource competencies, and (6) outcomes of evaluating key human resource competencies. The findings suggest that in the Kermanshah Power Distribution Company, intervening conditions influence causal conditions, and causal conditions affect attention to competencies. On the other hand, intervening conditions directly impact strategies.
Presenting a Model of the Relationship between Green Finance, Fintech, and Economic Development in Iran
Authors: Sharifi Azghandi Zahra , Fathi Zadollah , Pourbahrami Babak , Fallahshams Layalestani Mirfeiz
Published: February 2025

In this study, we aim to present a model of how green finance, fintech, and economic development are related in Iran. To this end, using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model in the first section, the green finance index was calculated, and in the second section, utilizing the Markov-Switching regime change model (MS), the effect of the studied variables was analyzed on an annual basis over the period from 1996 to 2022. Based on the weights obtained for the green finance index, the share of renewable energies has the most significant impact on the composite index of green finance. Following that, energy efficiency and real GDP per capita have the next highest impacts. According to the estimated results of the model, during periods of economic boom, for each unit increase in green finance, fintech, employment, education, and capital, the country's economic development increases by 21, 7, 17, 19, and 14 units, respectively. Green finance can affect the economic development index through various factors, such as the faster adoption of advanced technologies from developed countries, increased benefits from research and development programs, achieving larger economies of scale, reducing price deviations and fluctuations, and thus, more efficient use of domestic resources across sectors, and faster supply of new goods and services. The increase in economic development, accompanied by a rise in GDP, will lead to higher production and exports, which, while requiring an increase in green finance, also influences economic development. Therefore, attention to the issue of maintaining economic development stability in the country should be among the issues that are prioritized by officials and government authorities above all else.
Developing a Policy Support System Model for Enhancing Rationality in Water Resource Management Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Beheshti Rouy Seyed Abdolhamid , Pourezzat Ali Asghar , Nargesian Abbas , Naghshineh Nader , Movahedkhah Zeinab
Published: February 2025

The policy support system for enhancing rationality in water resource management is an analytical and decision-support tool that, using comprehensive physical, social, economic, and environmental data, assists managers and policymakers in making effective decisions based on facts and accurate information. The primary objective of this research is to design a policy support system to promote rationality in water resource management. A quantitative approach utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to design this system, with AMOS software used for analysis. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed through construct validity and reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient at 0.87. The statistical population of this research consisted of managers and experts in the field of water management in Iran. The sample size was determined to be 256 individuals using the Morgan table. The quantitative data analysis led to the identification of 19 key components structured within the proposed model. These components include data collection and analysis, the use of geographic information systems, modeling and simulation, stakeholder analysis, decision support systems (DSS), legal and policy frameworks, performance evaluation and monitoring, training and capacity building, ensuring public participation and transparency, technology transfer and utilization, attention to climate change, inter-organizational alignment, continuous risk assessment and management, and integration with sustainable development, which can be employed in implementing the policy support system for enhancing rationality in water management.
Examining the Impact of Individual, Environmental, Organizational, and Cultural Factors on the Improvement of Human Resource Productivity in Private Banks in Mazandaran Province
Authors: Ramezani Burkhani Nasser , Vardi Seyedeh Shayeseteh , Mehrara Asadollah
Published: February 2025

Efforts to improve and effectively utilize various resources, such as labor, capital, and information, are the goals of all managers. This study aims to examine the impact of individual, environmental, organizational, and cultural factors on the improvement of human resource productivity in private banks. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and, based on its approach, is quantitative and descriptive-survey in nature. Data collection methods include library and field studies. The sampling method used in this study is stratified random sampling. The data collection instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire, derived from the theoretical framework of the study. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was assessed through face, content, and construct validity, and its reliability was confirmed using composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha, which was greater than 0.7. The statistical population of this study includes 300 managers and deputies of state-owned banks in Mazandaran Province. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, 169 participants were selected as the sample. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was conducted using PLS software. The findings indicate that individual, cultural, organizational, and environmental factors, with path coefficients of 0.233, 0.260, 0.391, and 0.960, respectively, influence the improvement of human resource productivity.
Explaining the Strategic Model of Iran's Trade Diplomacy in World Expo Exhibitions
Authors: Rajabzadeh Ali , Vazifehdost Hosein , Zarezadeh Fahimeh
Published: February 2025

World Expo exhibitions, due to their unique structure, are among the important platforms for implementing governments’ trade diplomacy. The present study aims to explain the strategic model of Iran's trade diplomacy in World Expo exhibitions. The research is applied in terms of its purpose and is mixed-exploratory in terms of its paradigm. In the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 15 trade diplomats, businesspersons, university professors, and World Expo organizers until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative phase, based on Cochran's formula, 384 participants, including trade diplomats, businesspersons, university professors, and World Expo organizers, were selected through simple random sampling. In the qualitative section, thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews. Accordingly, 33 concepts and 8 indicators were identified and classified based on coding and their relationship with the main dimensions. The proposed strategic model for Iran's trade diplomacy in World Expo exhibitions includes eight components: cultural representation, presentation of business and economic opportunities, trade negotiation, resource management, national branding, private sector participation, development of a trade diplomacy document (transparent articulation of the trade diplomacy document), and research and development. Subsequently, using exploratory factor analysis, the dimensions forming Iran's trade diplomacy in World Expo exhibitions were identified, and the validity of the proposed model was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software.
Development of a Paradigmatic Model of Fall Incident-Related Injuries Based on Comprehensive Data in Residential Construction Projects
Authors: Khoshkar Esmaeil , Ghazi Moradi Mostafa , Safehian Majid
Published: February 2025

Falls are a significant public health risk and a leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers worldwide. A more comprehensive understanding of the causal factors contributing to fall incidents is essential for preventing falls in the construction industry. However, there is no general review of causal factors in the existing literature. Given the importance of addressing accidents and incidents in the construction industry, this study aims to develop a paradigmatic model of injuries caused by fall incidents based on comprehensive data from the residential construction sector. The main objectives of this research include identifying the injuries and factors influencing falls in the construction industry, developing a model, and providing solutions to reduce fall risks. The research methodology is content analysis, using a qualitative approach. To extract the factors influencing fall risk management, the meta-synthesis approach is employed. For data analysis in the qualitative section, 110 codes were derived from 48 domestic and international articles that met the criteria for relevance and quality, which were then combined to present an overall view. Following coding and identification of new factors, validity was assessed using the fuzzy Delphi technique, with consultation from 15 experts in Tehran. After validation of the indicators, the paradigmatic model was developed, which illustrates that causal, contextual, and intervening conditions lead to the occurrence of incidents. Along with appropriate strategies, these factors can control or mitigate various consequences. These findings contribute to research on the causes of falls in construction, the development of engineering controls, policy-making, intervention design to reduce fall risks, and the improvement of research synthesis methods.
Providing a Model for Promoting the Health Tourism Industry for Tehran Tourists
Authors: Samiei Adeleh , Karimizand Mahdi , Esmaeilpour Hasan
Published: February 2025

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model to promote the health tourism industry. The qualitative part of the research was based on grounded theory. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and the data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method and the paradigmatic model. The sampling was done using theoretical sampling and through purposive (judgmental) techniques. According to the systematic model of grounded theory, experts and managers in the field of health tourism, as well as tourists within the tourism industry, were selected as the study population. The results of the data analysis, obtained from interviews during the process of open, axial, and selective coding, led to the creation of a model for promoting the health tourism industry based on grounded theory. Finally, a pattern was identified to provide a model for promoting the health tourism industry. In the quantitative section, due to the unknown population size, the Morgan sampling table was used to select the sample size. Therefore, the sample size was estimated to be 384, and the same number of questionnaires was distributed among tourists using health services in Tehran. Ultimately, 310 completed and valid questionnaires were received. In the quantitative part of the study, in terms of purpose, the research was applied, and in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive and survey-based. Additionally, structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS software was employed to analyze the data. The quantitative findings of the research show that market attractiveness positively affects the structure and services of health tourism. Furthermore, health tourism services and the structure of health tourism have had a significant impact on value creation. On the other hand, health tourism services and value creation have had a positive effect on health development. Moreover, the results indicated that environmental factors moderate the effect of market attractiveness and structure on the structure of health tourism. The qualitative findings of this study suggest that to promote the health tourism industry, managers should pay close attention to all identified categories and subcategories in this study and possess adequate and sufficient information on each. In addition, this research highlights the need to focus on promoting the health tourism industry. This study contributes to the literature on various aspects and approaches of health tourism and provides future guidelines for researchers. Ultimately, this study leads to implications for the promotion of the health tourism industry and the optimization of this platform.
Exploring Human Resource Auditing Components for Performance Evaluation
Authors: Adllaleh Mohammad , Moghadam Abolfazl , Mohammadi Nabiolah , Doroudi Homa
Published: February 2025

The internal auditing profession in Iran is currently going through a genuine maturation phase, marked by the pivotal release of the internal control guidelines published by the Securities and Exchange Organization. A significant portion of the cultural groundwork is still in its initial stages, and the understanding of internal auditing, along with the expectations of managers regarding internal audits, has been effectively clarified and explained. In this context, the present study delves into the components of human resource auditing in relation to performance evaluation. The research utilizes an exploratory mixed-methods design. In the first phase, qualitative methods were employed to uncover constructs and causal mechanisms between them, while in the subsequent phase, quantitative methods were applied to a larger sample to confirm the relationships between the constructs and achieve an acceptable level of generalizability. After categorizing the extracted codes, the researcher used open coding to summarize the homogeneous data, and the codes were classified into concepts and categories based on conceptual similarity, frequency, and significance, focusing on the objectives and levels of human resource auditing. The results revealed that the process and activity level of the human resources unit includes the evaluation of all defined processes within the human resources unit, such as developmental processes and administrative matters. This level, as identified in various studies, has been labeled under different codes like internal aspects of processes, functional level, internal environment of the unit, developmental processes level, lower level, and technical level, with all these descriptions pointing to a common underlying concept. Overall, in comparison to the general framework, three entirely new levels were identified: the human resources unit's results level, the level of custodians and specialists in the human resources unit, and the process and activity level of the human resources unit. These were recognized as subcategories for auditing at the operational level, which is one of the levels of the general framework, and were identified for human resource auditing.
Designing a Model for Service Delivery Processes in a Smart Government (Case of Iran)
Authors: Rostami Reyhane , Pourshahabi Vahid , Naseri Bahare
Published: February 2025

Due to the novelty of the concept of Smart Government as the new generation of e-government, a comprehensive model for organizations to deliver services to users has not yet been presented. The aim of this research is to design a model for service delivery processes in a Smart Government. The research approach is qualitative. In this study, interviews were conducted with managers, academic experts, and specialists in the fields of e-government and Smart Government to identify the factors influencing Smart Government. After analyzing the data obtained from the interviews, approximately 102 codes were extracted. Based on the similarity and conceptual congruence of these codes, they were categorized into concepts, and in a broader stage, into 37 sub-themes, and finally, into 17 main themes. The 17 main themes identified for designing the Smart Government model are categorized into the following sections: Outcomes (smart interaction, access to smart services, increased smart informational stability, perceived usefulness), Contextual Factors (financial, legal, technological, and institutional factors), Causal Factors (organizational factors, extra-organizational factors), Intervening Factors (cost, social influence, public evaluation of the government, perceived risk), and Strategy (needs assessment, decision-making, and knowledge management).
Minimizing The Delay and Energy Consumption in Cloud and Fog Hybrid Environments Based on The Timing of Requests in The IOT Using Plant Defense Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Rezaizadeh Roukerd Mustafa , Jafari Shahbaz Zadeh Mehdi , Eslami Mahdiyeh
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the interaction between IoT devices and their physical environment, highlighting its role in minimizing delays in IoT applications. The core challenge lies in scheduling IoT requests and efficiently allocating them to Fog and Cloud resources while ensuring fault tolerance. To tackle these issues, an intelligent optimization method based on the Plant Hormonal Defense Optimization (PDO) algorithm is proposed. The PDO algorithm, enhanced by applying penalties to restrict infeasible solutions, offers a high-quality solution within a reasonable computation time. The method's performance is evaluated using key metrics, such as average total delay in relation to data volumes, the number of lost requests, the delay difference between Fog and Cloud layers when altering processing speeds in the Fog layer, the 90th percentile delay as the number of servers in the Fog layer changes, and both Fog and Cloud breakpoints.The PDO algorithm is tested in a simulated environment that mimics real-world dynamics. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed method reduces delays by 23.84% to 48.51% when compared to other algorithms, demonstrating its superior performance.
Designing an Counterproductivity Behavior Model Using Grounded Theory (Case Study of Monetary and Financial Organizations)
Authors: Maadi Saeed , Faezy Razi Farshad , Hamtian Hadi , Rashidi Ehtsham
Published: February 2025

Counterproductive work behavior is a form of deviant behavior that leads to financial losses. Counterproductivity behaviors have varying impacts on organizations and harm public trust in them. Considering the importance of the topic, this research, conducted within a qualitative framework using grounded theory, aimed to design a model for counterproductivity behaviors in monetary and financial organizations. The present research is qualitative, fundamental in terms of purpose, and exploratory in nature. It was conducted using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998) in grounded theory. The statistical population of the study included experts from monetary and financial organizations. Through non-probability purposive sampling (snowball technique) and based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 24 participants were selected as the sample. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed based on the Strauss and Corbin approach in the grounded theory model. For data coding, the three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were performed using NVivo software. A total of 108 initial codes, 36 concepts, and 17 categories were identified as findings of this study. The results of the study identified the lack of approval of laws and regulations and the absence of external oversight as contextual factors; lack of job commitment, lack of job attachment, lack of employee career development, and lack of job specialization as intervening factors; neglect of the physical environment, lack of managerial excellence, and lack of human resource development as causal factors. The core phenomenon was found to revolve around employees and the organization. Furthermore, lack of governance, lack of transparency development, lack of accountability, and lack of performance monitoring and evaluation were identified as strategies. The consequences were determined to impact the organization, employees, and customers.
Identification and Evaluation of Influential Factors on New Product Commercialization in the Commercial Explosives Industry Based on the Integrated Delphi-Fuzzy and BWM Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Saadatzadeh Reza , Dehghani Poodeh Hossein , Hajizade Peyman
Published: February 2025

Currently, commercialization is one of the most critical elements for the success of new businesses. In our country, due to the presence of human resources that are both innovative and creative, good ideas are often proposed at both the academic and industrial levels; however, unfortunately, they frequently stall at the early stages and fail to move into the production phase. Moreover, due to the existing sanctions in various industries against Iran, areas such as chemicals, mining, and construction such as dam building, road construction, and tunnel construction heavily rely on the development services of the commercial explosives industry. In this study, using both library research and field studies, 24 influential factors in the commercialization of new products in the commercial explosives industry were identified and content-validated in the first step. Subsequently, based on the fuzzy Delphi method, these identified factors were evaluated and screened, with 16 factors confirmed. Then, using the BWM decision-making method, these factors were weighted and ranked. The results of this research can significantly influence the production of new products in the commercial explosives industry by identifying the most important factors affecting new product commercialization. Given the rapid competitiveness in the market, the emergence of new technologies, increasing domestic demand, and the self-sufficiency goal of the country, this study can contribute to more efficient and increased production in this sector.