bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cigarette, E-Cigarette and Waterpipe Use among Young Adults: Differential Cognitions about These Three Forms of Smoking
Authors: Sullman Mark J.M. , Gras Maria-Eugenia , Kagialis Antonios , Papageorgi Ioulia , Font-Mayolas Sílvia
Published: May 2020

Background: Polytobacco use is common among young adults. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a number of cognitions related to the use of three tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes) among young adults. Methods: Participants (n = 799, 59.4% women) aged 18–25 years old (M = 21.8, SD = 1.7) completed an online tobacco cognitions questionnaire. Results: For all three tobacco products, there was significantly more agreement with the cognition “I would smoke if my best friend offered” among tobacco users (used one or more tobacco products) than among non-users. For e-cigarettes and waterpipes, there was significantly more agreement with the cognition “It would be easy to quit these products” than was reported by non-users. Polytobacco users (three tobacco products) endorsed the cognitions scale (the six cognition items were combined to form a single cognitions scale for each tobacco product) significantly more than non-users for cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Furthermore, waterpipe users, polytobacco users, dual users and single users all endorsed the combined cognitions scales more strongly than non-users. Conclusions: Efforts to prevent polytobacco use should ensure that young adults have the necessary self-efficacy to resist peer pressure and provide them with clear information about the health risks associated with using alternative tobacco products.
A Study on Characteristic Emission Factors of Exhaust Gas from Diesel Locomotives
Authors: Kim Min-Kyeong , Park Duckshin , Kim Minjeong , Heo Jaeseok , Park Sechan , Chong Hwansoo
Published: May 2020

Use of diesel locomotives in transport is gradually decreasing due to electrification and the introduction of high-speed electric rail. However, in Korea, up to 30% of the transportation of passengers and cargo still uses diesel locomotives and diesel vehicles. Many studies have shown that exhaust gas from diesel locomotives poses a threat to human health. This study examined the characteristics of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons in diesel locomotive engine exhaust. Emission concentrations were evaluated and compared with the existing regulations. In the case of PM and NOx, emission concentrations increased as engine output increased. High concentrations of CO were detected at engine start and acceleration, while hydrocarbons showed weakly increased concentrations regardless of engine power. Based on fuel consumption and engine power, the emission patterns of PM and gaseous substances observed in this study were slightly higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tier standard and the Korean emission standard. Continuous monitoring and management of emissions from diesel locomotives are required to comply with emission standards. The findings of this study revealed that emission factors varied based on fuel consumption, engine power, and actual driving patterns. For the first time, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), normally used to measure exhaust gas from diesel vehicles, was used to measure exhaust gas from diesel locomotives, and the data acquired were compared with previous results. This study is meaningful as the first example of measuring the exhaust gas concentration by connecting a PEMS to a diesel locomotive, and in the future, a study to measure driving characteristics and exhaust gas using a PEMS should be conducted.
A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects
Authors: Overgaauw Paul A.M. , Vinke Claudia M. , van Hagen Marjan A.E. , Lipman Len J.A.
Published: May 2020

Over time the human–animal bond has been changed. For instance, the role of pets has changed from work animals (protecting houses, catching mice) to animals with a social function, giving companionship. Pets can be important for the physical and mental health of their owners but may also transmit zoonotic infections. The One Health initiative is a worldwide strategy for expanding collaborations in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and the environment. However, in One Health communications the role of particularly dogs and cats is often underestimated. Objective: Evaluation of positive and negative One Health issues of the human–companion animal relationship with a focus on zoonotic aspects of cats and dogs in industrialized countries. Method: Literature review. Results: Pets undoubtedly have a positive effect on human health, while owners are increasing aware of pet’s health and welfare. The changing attitude of humans with regard to pets and their environment can also lead to negative effects such as changes in feeding practices, extreme breeding, and behavioral problems, and anthropozoonoses. For the human, there may be a higher risk of the transmission of zoonotic infections due to trends such as sleeping with pets, allowing pets to lick the face or wounds, bite accidents, keeping exotic animals, the importation of rescue dogs, and soil contact. Conclusions: One Health issues need frequently re-evaluated as the close human–animal relationship with pet animals can totally differ compared to decennia ago. Because of the changed human–companion animal bond, recommendations regarding responsible pet-ownership, including normal hygienic practices, responsible breeding, feeding, housing, and mental and physical challenges conforming the biology of the animal are required. Education can be performed by vets and physicians as part of the One Health concept.
The Exponential Phase of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Central Italy: An Integrated Care Pathway
Authors: Capalbo Carlo , Aceti Antonio , Simmaco Maurizio , Bonfini Rita , Rocco Monica , Ricci Alberto , Napoli Christian , Rocco Matteo , Alfonsi Valeria , Teggi Antonella , Orsi Giovanni Battista , Borro Marina , Santino Iolanda , Preissner Robert , Marchetti Paolo , Marcolongo Adriano , Anibaldi Paolo
Published: May 2020

The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading across the world, representing an unparalleled challenge for health care systems. There are differences in the estimated fatality rates, which cannot be explained easily. In Italy, the estimated case fatality rate was 12.7% in mid-April, while Germany remained at 1.8%. Moreover, it is to be noted that different areas of Italy have very different lethality rates. Due to the complexity of Covid-19 patient management, it is of paramount importance to develop a well-defined clinical workflow in order to avoid the inconsistent management of patients. The Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) represents a multidisciplinary outline of anticipated care to support patient management in the Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome. The main objective of this pilot study was to develop a new ICP evaluated by care indicators, in order to improve the COVID-19 patient management. The suggested ICP was developed by a multi-professional team composed of different specialists and administrators already involved in clinical and management processes. After a review of current internal practices and published evidences, we identified (1) the activities performed during care delivery, (2) the responsibilities for these activities, (3) hospital structural adaptation needs and potential improvements, and (4) ICP indicators. The process map formed the basis of the final ICP document; 160 COVID-19 inpatients were considered, and the effect of the ICP implementation was evaluated over time during the exponential phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, a rapid adoption of ICP and regular audits of quality indicators for the management of COVID-19 patients might be important tools to improve the quality of care and outcomes.
Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment
Authors: Bizzoca Maria Eleonora , Campisi Giuseppina , Lo Muzio Lorenzo
Published: May 2020

The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- CoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (pre- vs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. The outcome is forecast to help dentists to individuate for a given procedure the differences in terms of safety protocols to avoid infectious contagion (by SARS-CoV-2 and others dangerous agents). An investigation was performed on the online databases Pubmed and Scopus using a combination of free words and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms: “dentist” OR “oral health” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “coronavirus-19”. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The authors have highlighted the importance of knowing exactly the risk of infections in the dental practice, and to modulate correctly the use of PPE, in order to invest adequate financial resources and to avoid exposing both the dental team and patients to preventable risks.
An Approach for Filter Divergence Suppression in a Sequential Data Assimilation System and Its Application in Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting
Authors: Tong Xiaohua , Wang Runjie , Shi Wenzhong , Li Zhiyuan
Published: May 2020

Mathematically describing the physical process of a sequential data assimilation system perfectly is difficult and inevitably results in errors in the assimilation model. Filter divergence is a common phenomenon because of model inaccuracies and affects the quality of the assimilation results in sequential data assimilation systems. In this study, an approach based on an L1-norm constraint for filter-divergence suppression in sequential data assimilation systems was proposed. The method adjusts the weights of the state-simulated values and measurements based on new measurements using an L1-norm constraint when filter divergence is about to occur. Results for simulation data and real-world traffic flow measurements collected from a sub-area of the highway between Leeds and Sheffield, England, showed that the proposed method produced a higher assimilation accuracy than the other filter-divergence suppression methods. This indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach based on the L1-norm constraint for filter-divergence suppression.
Effective Gold Nanoparticle-Antibody-Mediated Drug Delivery for Photodynamic Therapy of Lung Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Crous Anine , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: May 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a leading contributor to lung cancer mortality rates. CSCs are responsible for tumor growth and recurrence through inhibition of drug-induced cell death, decreasing the effect of traditional cancer therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT can be improved to successfully treat lung cancer by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their size and shape, which have been shown to facilitate drug delivery and retention, along with the targeted antibody (Ab) mediated selection of CSCs. In this study, a nanobioconjugate (NBC) was constructed, using a photosensitizer (PS) (AlPcS4Cl), AuNPs and Abs. The NBC was characterized, using spectroscopy techniques. Photodynamic effects of the NBC on lung CSCs was evaluated, using biochemical assays 24 h post-irradiation, in order to establish its anticancer effect. Results showed successful conjugation of the nanocomposite. Localization of the NBC was seen to be in integral organelles involved in cell homeostasis. Biochemical responses of lung CSCs treated using AlPcS4Cl-AuNP and AlPcS4Cl-AuNP-Ab showed significant cell toxicity and cell death, compared to free AlPcS4Cl. The PDT effects were enhanced when using the NBC, showing significant lung CSC destruction to the point of eradication.
RNA-Binding Proteins in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Hui , Brown R. Dale , Stenmark Kurt R. , Hu Cheng-Jun
Published: May 2020

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by significant vascular remodeling and aberrant expression of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis resistance, proliferation, and metabolism. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited, as mechanisms underlying PH pathophysiology, especially abnormal expression of genes, remain unclear. Most PH studies on gene expression have focused on gene transcription. However, post-transcriptional alterations have been shown to play a critical role in inflammation and metabolic changes in diseases such as cancer and systemic cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been recognized as important regulators of aberrant gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation; however, their role in PH is less clear. Identifying RBPs in PH is of great importance to better understand PH pathophysiology and to identify new targets for PH treatment. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge on the role of dysregulated RBPs in abnormal mRNA gene expression as well as aberrant non-coding RNA processing and expression (e.g., miRNAs) in PH.
Interaction of Deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/MYSM1 with DNA Repair and Replication Factors
Authors: Kroeger Carsten , Roesler Reinhild , Wiese Sebastian , Hainzl Adelheid , Gatzka Martina Vanessa
Published: May 2020

The deubiquitination of histone H2A on lysine 119 by 2A-DUB/MYSM1, BAP1, USP16, and other enzymes is required for key cellular processes, including transcriptional activation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control, during normal hematopoiesis and tissue development, and in tumor cells. Based on our finding that MYSM1 colocalizes with γH2AX foci in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, leukemia cells, and melanoma cells upon induction of DNA double-strand breaks with topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide, we applied a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify novel 2A-DUB/MYSM1 interaction partners in DNA-damage responses. Differential display of MYSM1 binding proteins significantly enriched after exposure of 293T cells to etoposide revealed an interacting network of proteins involved in DNA damage and replication, including factors associated with poor melanoma outcome. In the context of increased DNA-damage in a variety of cell types in Mysm1-deficient mice, in bone marrow cells upon aging and in UV-exposed Mysm1-deficient skin, our current mass spectrometry data provide additional evidence for an interaction between MYSM1 and key DNA replication and repair factors, and indicate a potential function of 2A-DUB/MYSM1 in DNA repair processes.
Affibody-Binding Ligands
Authors: Barozzi Annalisa , Lavoie R. Ashton , Day Kevin N. , Prodromou Raphael , Menegatti Stefano
Published: May 2020

While antibodies remain established therapeutic and diagnostic tools, other protein scaffolds are emerging as effective and safer alternatives. Affibodies in particular are a new class of small proteins marketed as bio-analytic reagents. They feature tailorable binding affinity, low immunogenicity, high tissue permeation, and high expression titer in bacterial hosts. This work presents the development of affibody-binding peptides to be utilized as ligands for their purification from bacterial lysates. Affibody-binding candidates were identified by screening a peptide library simultaneously against two model affibodies (anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-albumin) with the aim of selecting peptides targeting the conserved domain of affibodies. An ensemble of homologous sequences identified from screening was synthesized on Toyopearl® resin and evaluated via binding studies to select sequences that afford high product binding and recovery. The affibody–peptide interaction was also evaluated by in silico docking, which corroborated the targeting of the conserved domain. Ligand IGKQRI was validated through purification of an anti-ErbB2 affibody from an Escherichia coli lysate. The values of binding capacity (~5 mg affibody per mL of resin), affinity (KD ~1 μM), recovery and purity (64–71% and 86–91%), and resin lifetime (100 cycles) demonstrate that IGKQRI can be employed as ligand in affibody purification processes.
Two Chalcone Synthase Isozymes Participate Redundantly in UV-Induced Sakuranetin Synthesis in Rice
Authors: Park Hye Lin , Yoo Youngchul , Bhoo Seong Hee , Lee Tae-Hoon , Lee Sang-Won , Cho Man-Ho
Published: May 2020

Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid pathway, participating in the production of phenolic phytoalexins. The rice genome contains 31 CHS family genes (OsCHSs). The molecular characterization of OsCHSs suggests that OsCHS8 and OsCHS24 belong in the bona fide CHSs, while the other members are categorized in the non-CHS group of type III polyketide synthases (PKSs). Biochemical analyses of recombinant OsCHSs also showed that OsCHS24 and OsCHS8 catalyze the formation of naringenin chalcone from p-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, while the other OsCHSs had no detectable CHS activity. OsCHS24 is kinetically more efficient than OsCHS8. Of the OsCHSs, OsCHS24 also showed the highest expression levels in different tissues and developmental stages, suggesting that it is the major CHS isoform in rice. In oschs24 mutant leaves, sakuranetin content decreased to 64.6% and 80.2% of those in wild-type leaves at 2 and 4 days after UV irradiation, respectively, even though OsCHS24 expression was mostly suppressed. Instead, the OsCHS8 expression was markedly increased in the oschs24 mutant under UV stress conditions compared to that in the wild-type, which likely supports the UV-induced production of sakuranetin in oschs24. These results suggest that OsCHS24 acts as the main CHS isozyme and OsCHS8 redundantly contributes to the UV-induced production of sakuranetin in rice leaves.
Cellular Nickel-Yttria/Zirconia (Ni–YSZ) Cermet Foams: Manufacturing, Microstructure and Properties
Authors: Betke Ulf , Schelm Katja , Rodak Andreas , Scheffler Michael
Published: May 2020

Open-celled ceramic composite foams were prepared from NiO and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powders by the polymer sponge replication (Schwartzwalder) technique using the respective aqueous dispersions. Mechanically stable NiO–YSZ foams with an average porosity of 93 vol.% were obtained. After chemical reduction of the NiO phase with hydrogen, cellular Ni–YSZ cermet structures were obtained. They are characterized by an electric conductivity up to 19∙103 S∙m−1 which can be adjusted by both, the Ni volume fraction, and the sintering/reduction procedure. The NiO–YSZ ceramic foams, as well as the cellular Ni–YSZ cermets prepared therefrom, were characterized with respect to their microstructure by scanning electron microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy and X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis. In addition, the compressive strength, the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity were determined. The collected data were then correlated to the sample microstructure and porosity and were also applied for modelling of the mechanical and electric properties of the bulk Ni–YSZ strut material.
Litoralimycins A and B, New Cytotoxic Thiopeptides from Streptomonospora sp. M2
Authors: Khodamoradi Shadi , Stadler Marc , Wink Joachim , Surup Frank
Published: May 2020

Streptomonospora sp. M2 has been isolated from a soil sample collected at the Wadden Sea beach in our ongoing program aimed at the isolation of rare Actinobacteria, ultimately targeting the discovery of new antibiotics. Because crude extracts derived from cultures of this strain showed inhibitory activity against the indicator organism Bacillus subtilis, it was selected for further analysis. HPLC–MS analysis of its culture broth revealed the presence of lipophilic metabolites. The two major metabolites of those were isolated by preparative reversed-phase HPLC and preparative TLC. Their planar structures were elucidated using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D NMR data as new thiopeptide antibiotics and named litoralimycin A (1) and B (2). Although rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) data established a Z configuration of the Δ21,26 double bond, the stereochemistry of C-5 and C-15 were assigned as S by Marfey’s method after ozonolysis. The biological activity spectrum of 1 and 2 is highly uncommon for thiopeptide antibiotics, since they showed only insignificant antibacterial activity, but 1 showed strong cytotoxic effects.
Factores de riesgo para la prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias en mujeres de 18 a 34 años de edad
Authors: Zambrano Santos Roberth Olmedo , Macías Alvia Aida Monserrate , Reyes Baque Ronny Javier
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Las infecciones de vías urinarias, son consideradas como una de las infecciones de origen bacteriano más frecuente a nivel mundial. El incremento de casos de este tipo de infecciones en Ecuador, ha provocado problemas constantes debido a su alto crecimiento en diversos casos. Objetivo: Estudiar los factores de riesgo para la prevalencia de infecciones de vías urinarias en mujeres de 18 a 34 años de edad que asisten al centro de salud de Rocafuerte. Materiales y Método: La investigación es de carácter cuali-cuantitativo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la encuesta y la entrevista. La población seleccionada, está conformada por 393 mujeres, las cuales presentaron infección de vías urinarias en el año 2018 y fueron atendidas en el centro de salud de Rocafuerte. Resultados y discusión: Se determinó que la mayor parte de estas mujeres son de estado civil unión libre, el 57% de procedencia rural, también en una sumatoria el 80% de ellas desconocen lo que es una infección de vías urinarias, acuden seguido al centro de salud por presentar esta infección, el 51% presenta a menudo retenciones urinarias, el 63% conoce poco los síntomas, el 11% nunca ha escuchado una charla educativa sobre la infección y la mayoría considera que es muy buena la atención brindada y con esto ha mejorado en base a los cuidados de enfermería. Conclusión: En el centro de salud de Rocafuerte, las mujeres de 18 a 34 años de edad, poseen escasos conocimientos acerca de lo que es una infección de vías urinarias, ya sea por falta de interés, el nivel de educación, falta tiempo o por cualquier otro factor.
Enfermería: evolución, arte, disciplina, ciencia y profesión
Authors: Guía-Yanes Marlin Angélica
Published: May 2020

Introducción: enfermería se remonta a tiempos inmemorables, considerada como el arte y la ocupación del cuidado a los pacientes. Es una disciplina que se caracteriza por ser independiente a las otras ramas de la salud con las cuales trabaja de forma integrada, pasando a convertirse, en el eslabón primordial en toda institución sanitaria. Objetivo: Este artículo pretende analizar la evolución y cambios suscitados en la profesión de enfermería, considerando los aportes realizados por Florence Nightingale como precursora principal del cambio de la enfermería hacia la formación como profesión. Metodología: Revisión de literatura virtual, portales reconocidos (Scielo, Dialnet, servicio.bc.uc.edu.ve, repositorios institucionales) Se revisaron artículos originales y de revisión, en los idiomas inglés y español según los descriptores asociados (enfermería; historia de la enfermería; atención de enfermería). Se excluyeron artículos y materiales que no incorporaban los descriptores. Conclusión: La carrera de enfermería posee características únicas dentro del campo de la medicina, ya que requiere condiciones y formación precisa para desempeñarse como una ocupación, arte, disciplina y ciencia.
Factores de riesgo que influyen en embarazos en adolescentes
Authors: Amizola Andrea
Published: May 2020

Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia constituye un problema de salud en el mundo debido a las múltiples complicaciones tanto para la madre como para el niño además de las implicaciones sociales como perpetuación del ciclo de la pobreza, falta de oportunidades educativas, ocupacionales y socio-económicos. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo que influyen embarazos en adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de la Unidad Educativa Viliroco “B” del municipio de Viacha, Provincia Ingavi, durante el cuarto trimestre de la gestión. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo y observacional usando como método de recolección de datos encuestas realizadas a la población adolescente entre 14 y 19 años. Resultados y Discusión: La falta de información representa el 37 %, también se pudo evidenciar que el 82% de las adolescentes si viven con sus padres y 18 % no viven con sus padres, el 45% de la encuestadas ya iniciaron con la vida sexual de la cuales el 20% iniciaron con la vida sexual a los 14 años, el 15 % fueron orientados por su madre y el 45 % por el personal de salud. Conclusión: El conocimiento en las adolescentes de 15 a 19 años sobre sexualidad es poco, los factores de riesgo asociados a embarazos en adolescentes fueron la falta de información, seguido el alcoholismo y la edad promedio de inicio a la vida sexual la cual fue de 14 años.
Situación de enteroparasitosis en niños menores de 5 años en la Comunidad de Villa Trinidad
Authors: Michel Martínez Andree Joseline
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La parasitosis intestinal es un problema común y de preocupación en los países subdesarrollados, en Villa Trinidad debido a las bajas condiciones de vida, por falta de saneamiento básico, inadecuada higiene de manos y consumo de alimentos contaminados. Objetivo: Determinar la situación actual de enteroparasitosis en niños menores de 5 años en la Comunidad de Villa Trinidad. Materiales y Método: El tipo de estudio fue observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal, cada participante brindo muestra de heces para análisis coproparasitológico previa consulta, las muestras fecales fueron estudiadas mediante examen directo en solución salina fisiológica y técnica modificada Ritchie en laboratorios de INLASA. Resultados: Se evaluaron 19 niños entre 0-5 años de edad, de ellos: 9 masculinos y 9 femeninos, 15 de estos presentaron parásitos en el examen coproparasitològico. El hallazgo de parasitosis intestinales general fue Giardia intestinalis, Complejo Entamoeba histolytica y dispar, Áscaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli, Lodomoeba butschlii, Endolimax nana y Blastocystis hominis. Se diagnosticaron parasitosis de 7 especies diferentes, de ellos 9 eran protozoarios y 1 helminto. Conclusión: Se determinó una alta prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en niños menores de 5 años, el poliparasitismo fue superior y ligado a medidas de saneamiento ambiental a diferencia del uniparasitismo que se encontró más relacionado al consumo de agua y otros.
Airborne geophysical surveys in Greenland – 1996 update
Authors: Stemp Robert W.
Published: May 2020

Two major airborne geophysical surveys were carried out in 1996, the third year of a planned five-year electromagnetic and magnetic survey programme (project AEM Greenland 1994–1998) financed by the Government of Greenland, and the second year of an aeromagnetic survey programme (project Aeromag) jointly financed by the governments of Denmark and Greenland; both projects are managed by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). The two 1996 surveys were: 1) Project Aeromag 1996 in South-West and southern West Greenland;2) Project AEM Greenland 1996 in South-West Greenland. All areas surveyed and planned for future surveys as of March 1997 are shown in Figure 1. Results of both the 1996 surveys were released in March 1997, as a continuation of a major effort to make high quality airborne geophysical data available for both mineral exploration and geological mapping purposes. The data acquired are included in geoscientific databases at GEUS for public use; digital data and maps may be purchased from the Survey. The main results from the 1996 surveys are described in Thorning & Stemp (1997) and Stemp (1997). Two further new airborne surveys have already been approved for data acquisition during the 1997 field season, with subsequent data release in March 1998. A summary of all surveys completed, in progress or planned since the formal inception of project AEM Greenland 1994–1998 is given in Table 1. The programme was expanded to include a separate regional aeromagnetic survey in 1995, provisionally for 1995–1996, with extension subject to annual confirmation and funding.
Holocene lake sediments in West Greenland and their palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological implications
Authors: Anderson N. John , Bennike Ole
Published: May 2020

There is considerable interest both from social and environmental perspectives as to the possible effects of future climate changes. This interest, which focuses on the time scales and rates of change of future climatic variability, has led to an increased recognition of the importance of studies of palaeoclimates and their ecological impacts (Street-Perrot & Roberts, 1994). General circulation models (GCMs) suggest that the Arctic will be especially sensitive to increased atmospheric temperatures (the ‘greenhouse effect’). Such predictions or forecasts of future climatic scenarios are the primary role for GCMs in the debate about future global climate change (Henderson-Sellers, 1994), but it is also possible to use GCMs to model past-climate changes (Henderson-Sellers, 1990; Street-Perrot & Roberts, 1994). GCM hindcasts of past climate have the advantage that the predictions can be independently validated against palaeoclimate data derived from a variety of proxy sources, e.g. ice cores, peats, marine and lake sediments (Street-Perrot & Roberts, 1994; Anderson, 1995). Arctic lake sediments are an important natural archive of past changes in climate, but they also record the impact of these climatic changes on the local biota and environment (Smol et al., 1991). Lake sediment records can be used to provide the necessary baseline information against which future anthropogenic changes can be evaluated (Anderson, 1993). Such baseline conditions are often difficult to determine from contemporary data as the monitoring programmes are initiated after change has already occurred. Arctic lakes and their catchment areas have two other important aspects which make them ideally suited to detailed, quantitative palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic approaches: they have a relatively simple biological structure, and anthropogenic impacts on the catchment areas are so small they can be effectively discounted. Because the shallow lakes are often fishless, the effects of higher trophic levels (the trophic cascade) on the lower trophic levels (primary producers, e.g. algae and phototrophic bacteria) can also be discounted. This has the implication that the majority of the limnological changes recorded in the lake sediments represent climate-driven catchment-lake interactions. It is possible therefore, to evaluate the effect of past-climate changes, such as the Holocene thermal maximum, on the lake biota. Importantly, independent estimates of past-climate can be derived from GCMs or from the ice-core records (Johnsen et al., 1995). In contrast to most other regions of the globe that are experiencing increasing temperatures, West Greenland and the Baffin Bay region have seen decreasing temperatures during recent decades. Studies of lake sediments that are widespread in West Greenland can provide information about the temporal and spatial climatic variability since the last ice age.
Diagenesis and reservoir properties of Campanian–Paleocene sandstones in the GANT#1 well, western Nuussuaq, central West Greenland
Authors: Kierkegaard Thomas
Published: May 2020

As part of a study on reservoir characterisation of western Nuussuaq, central West Greenland (Sønderholm & Dam 1998) the diagenesis and reservoir properties of sandstone units in the GANT#1 well located in north western Nuussuaq have been investigated (Kierkegaard 1998). The GANT#1 well was drilled during the summer of 1995 by grønArctic Energy Inc. (Calgary, Canada) as part of the company’s hydrocarbon exploration activities in the region. These also included the drilling of four other wells: GANW#1, GANE#1, GANK#1 and GRO#3 on the south-western coast of Nuussuaq (Fig. 1). The GANT#1 core was examined in order to elucidate the diagenetic and detritus factors that control the present porosity and permeability variations occurring in the Cretaceous – Lower Paleocene succession of western Nuussuaq. The examinations were carried out with standard petrographic methods, including X-ray diffractometry of mudstones and standard polarisation microscopy of thin sections from sandstones, supported by scanning electron microscopy (Kierkegaard 1998). Porosity and permeability measurements from the GANT#1 core generally reveal poor reservoir quality with a range in porosity from 4.92 to 18.79% and in permeability from 0.106 to 90.7 mD, but both porosity and permeability are greater in post-Campanian sandstones compared to Campanian sandstones (Kierkegaard 1998). The GANE#1 well provides a section through Upper Paleocene turbiditic sandstone units alternating with mudstone units which thus furnishes a complementary and stratigraphically higher section to that found in GANT#1. However, porosity and permeability measurements from the GANE#1 well show low arithmetic average values of 6.4% and 1.46 mD, respectively (Andersen 1996).
White Paper: Considerations for Measuring Academic Growth on Dynamic Learning Maps® (DLM®) Alternate Assessments
Authors: Nehler Chelsea Grace , Clark Amy K. , Karvonen Meagan
Published: May 2020

This paper describes growth considerations for Dynamic Learning Maps (DLM) alternate assessments, including an overview of methods and implications for using them to report growth both across and within academic years.
Optimization of Immobilization Media of Thalassospira Profundimaris: Diffusion and Strength Applications
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia., Hui* Josephine Lai Chang , Baini Rubiyah ,   Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia., Manas Nor Hasmaliana Abdul ,   Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia., Zulkarnain Azham ,   Department of Molecular Biology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.
Published: May 2020

Many petroleum samples have abundant heterocyclic compounds. One example of petroleum samples is diesel where nitrogen, sulphur and aromatic compounds are the major impurities present in it. Heterocyclic compounds are inextricably into life processes in which a vast number of active heterocyclic compounds are being used. One example of heterocyclic compounds is carbazole which is known to be highly cancinogenic. Bacteria called Thalassospira Profundimaris could potentially degrade the carbazole compounds. The bacteria are immobilized inside media to offer high mechanical strength, high metabolic activity, and resistance to toxic chemicals causing damage to the cell. The media used widely are gellan gum, Ca-alginate and yeast. The finding of the maximum carbazole degradation, optimum strength and diffusivity of the media are profound to increase the performance of the bacteria entrapped inside as well as withstanding the harsh environment around it. This project has proven that the concentration affects the porosity and strength of the media. Increasing the concentration of media would form stronger media with lower diffusivity where lower concentration forms soft media with higher diffusivity.
Parametric Output of Penetration Length in De-Laval Nozzle using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors:   Aerospace Engineer, Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science., Agrawal *Rishab Kumar , Munagala Sivaram ,   Aeronautical Engineer Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science.
Published: May 2020

A Contour shaped rocket nozzle, commonly known as Bell nozzle, is a more efficient form of a De-Laval nozzle useful for operation at different altitudes resulting in variable pressure ratio across the nozzle. Here the penetration length during the flow is calculated in a De-Laval nozzle using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The TOP nozzle] by G.V.R. Rao is modeled and simulated using CFD analysis by varying the divergent half angle of the bell nozzle. The geometry of different divergent angle of the bell nozzle is modeled using MATLAB code. The modeled geometry and mesh of the nozzle is simulated in ANSYS-FLUENT software. The simulation shows the variation in different flow parameter at different divergent half angles. The analysis so far for the same is done in a conical shaped rocket nozzle at the cost of varying the divergent length for changing the divergent half angle of the nozzle. This project simulates bell nozzle with constant divergent length. The simulation model is verified and validated using experimental and computational data at an NPR (Nozzle pressure ratio) of 1000. As the Rao Nozzle is used currently in rocket, missile, and satellite control systems worldwide. This research work to show how the penetration length effect the Mass-Weighted average Mach number in a particular designed bell nozzle with different divergent half angle. Based on the results obtained, the discussion is done about the parameters and the conclusion is given.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis to assess Default Risk of German-listed Companies with Industry Grouping
Authors: Ledwon Andreas , Jäger Clemens
Published: May 2020

This study evaluates three corporate failure prediction models using latest available data on corporate insolvencies for non-financial constitutes represented in CDAX. We estimate semiparametric Cox proportional hazards models considering Andersen-Gill counting process (AG-CP) to explore the importance of accounting and financial ratios as well as industry effects that are useful in detecting potential insolvencies. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the literature on corporate default prediction is manifold and predominantly focused on U.S. data. Thus, academic contribution based on German-listed companies is limited. To our best knowledge, we are the first to conduct thorough comparative out-of-sample Cox regression models considering AG-CP based on a unique dataset for non-financial constitutes subject to the German insolvency statute (“InsO”). Relying on a parsimonious accounting-based approach inspired by Altman (1968) and Ohlson (1980) is merely adequate. Shumway (2001) and Campbell et al. (2008) variable selection delivers the best discriminatory power and calibration results. In particular, a combination of pure accounting ratios augmented with market-driven information in Model (2) indicates superior accuracy rates in top deciles. However, in-sample empirical results underpin the importance towards market-based indicators, as all accounting ratios enter statistically insignificant. Secondly, we test to what extend industry variables improve discriminatory power and forecasting accuracy of fitted models. Contrary to the findings of Chava & Jarrow (2004), our research implies that industry grouping adds marginal predictive power and no overall improvement in accuracy rates when market variables are already included in the probability of default (PD) model.
SOX Section 404 Twenty Years After: Reviewing Costs and Benefits
Authors: Fischer Bianca , Gral Bernadette , Lehner Othmar
Published: May 2020

Some issues of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 are still discussed controversially in literature. Thereof, Section 404 concerning internal control over financial reporting is one of the most criticized parts. This article focuses on costs and benefits of the section and impacts on earnings management. Most authors agree that compliance costs of Section 404 far outweigh its benefits. However, long-term benefits are expected. Regarding earnings management, studies show that the section has positive effects such as increased earnings quality and improved internal control systems. Although the section is heavily debated in literature, there is consensus that SOX Section 404 greatly contributed to the improvement of quality of financial reporting and of corporate governance as a whole.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG
Authors: Kurnia Anggraini Dwi , Sholikhah Nikmatus
Published: May 2020

Cardiovascular disease is important public health problem because of high morbidity and mortality rate. Reviewed from financial aspect, due to high of duration of treatment, the cost, and supporting investigation of disease. Not only those, but also depends on initial treatment of disease. One of the way to control risk factors of heart disease (cardiovascular) is performing regular physical activity. The purpose of this study is to know relationship between physical activity with and depression level in patients with heart disease. Cross sectional study design, the population is patient with heart disease who attended cardiovascular outpatient clinic, sample includes 20 respondents was taken with accidental sampling for 1 week. IPAQ-HDRS questionnaire used as research instrument. Statistical test used Spearman Rank P <0.05. The results showed correlation value of -0.522 and significance value of P 0.018.There was a correlation between physical activity and depression level as negative correlation strength, that higher physical activity level had lower depression level in patien with heart disease, and vice versa. There is a relationship be There is a relationship between physical activity and depression level in patient with heart disease in cardiovascular outpatient clinic. Keywords: Patients with Heart Disease, depression, physical activity Abstrak : Penyakit jantung (kardiovaskuler)merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang tinggi.Ditinjau dari segi pembiayaan, akibat waktu perawatan biaya pengobatan penyakit jantung, serta pemeriksaan penunjangnya tentu tidak sedikit.Belum lagi keberhasilan pengobatan sangat bergantung kepada kecepatan penanganan penyakit. Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan faktor faktor resiko terjadinya penyakit jantung (kardiovaskuler) adalah melakukan aktifitas fisik secara rutin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi pada penderita penyakit jantung.Desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi penderita penyakit jantung di poli jantung, besar sampel 20 responden diambil dengan accidental sampling selama 1 minggu. Instrument penelitian menggunakan kuesioner IPAQ-HDRS. Uji Statistik menggunakan Spearman Rank P<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai korelasi -0,522 dan nilai signifikansi P 0,018. Terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi dengan kekuatan korelasi negatif, artinya semakin tinggi aktivitas fisik maka semakin rendah tingkat depresi pada penderita penyakit jantung, dan sebaliknya.Terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi pada penderita penyakit jantung. Kata Kunci :Penderita Penyakit Jantung , depresi, aktivitas fisik.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ НОРМАТИВНИХ ОСНОВ НАСТАНОВИ З ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Шемчук Вадим , Хацаюк Олександр
Published: May 2020

Головною метою цієї роботи є – обґрунтування нормативних основ «Настанови з фізичної підготовки у Збройних Силах України». Для досягнення мети дослідження планувалося вирішити наступні завдання: провести аналіз науково-методичної та спеціальної літератури (інтернет-джерел) у напрямі розроблення (функціонування) нормативних основ, які регламентують систему фізичної підготовки представників силових структур та спеціальних служб України (країн блоку НАТО); здійснити моніторинг спеціальної літератури у напрямі забезпечення готовності військовослужбовців ЗСУ засобами фізичної підготовки до виконання службово-бойових завдань; обґрунтувати нормативні основи майбутньої «Настанови з фізичної підготовки у Збройних Силах України». У відповідності до теоретико-методологічного аналізу з обраного напряму дослідження, визначено сутність готовності військовослужбовців ЗСУ до виконання завдань за призначенням засобами фізичної підготовки. В результаті дослідження обґрунтуванні нормативні основи «Настанови з фізичної підготовки у Збройних Силах України». Встановлено, що існуюча нормативна основа (база) визначає цілеспрямованість процесу практичної підготовленості військовослужбовців ЗСУ та служить зворотним зв’язком в управлінні їх фізичною підготовкою. На сьогодні, важливим є розробка сучасної нормативної бази, яка повинна стимулювати військовослужбовців до здобуття високого індивідуального рівня фізичного розвитку, що забезпечить ефективне виконання ними навчально-бойових завдань. Перспектива подальших розвідок у зазначеному напрямі передбачає проведення дослідження основних складових системи спортивно-масової роботи у ЗСУ.
ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРНИЙ КОНЦЕПТ ЛЮДИНА
Authors: Гарбера Ірина
Published: May 2020

У роботі розглянуто поняття концепту як лінгвокультурного утворення, акцентовано на тісних зв’язках лінгвокультурного концепту та певного соціуму, з його унікальними світобаченням, духовними цінностями, культурою, мовою. Зазначено, що, з огляду на антропоцентричність сучасних лінгвістичних дисциплін, найбільш актуальним постає студіювання лінгвокультурного концепту людина. Основні поняттєві параметри й ознаки концепту людина виокремлено методом аналізу однойменних лексикографічних дефініцій – з тлумачного, філософського, психологічного, асоціативного, соціологічного, символьного, культурологічного словників. Зазначений концепт кваліфікує людину як природно-соціальну істоту, що має свідомість і мову, здатна мислити, продуктивно працювати, еволюціонувати, створюючи власну історію та національну культуру.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA EDUKASI GIZI APLIKASI ELECTRONIC DIARY FOOD (EDIFO) DAN METODE PENYULUHAN SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL
Authors: Mey Dewi , Ridayani Rita , San Neny , Kristianto Jusuf , Muslim Muslim
Published: May 2020

Masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia ialah masalah gizi (Rukmana, 2014). Ibu hamil merupakan salah satu populasi yang sangat rentan terkena masalah gizi (Saragih, 2009). Jarangnya ibu hamil melakukan konsultasi menu makanan kepada ahli gizi dapat berakibat pada bertambahnya angka kematian bayi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi electronic diary food (EDIFO) terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang gizi seimbang. Desain Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperiment) dengan desain one group pre test and post test design dengan sampel ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Tanjungpinang sebanyak 43 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April sd Oktober 2019 dengan hasil didapatkan pengetahuan pre-test dalam metode penyuluhan dan android pada katagori cukup dengan nilai median 66,67 dan rentang 60-77, sedangkan pada post test penyuluhan masuk dalam katagori baik dengan nilai median 81,67 dan rentang 80-90. dan Metode android masuk dalam katagori baik dengan nilai median 100 dan rentang 83-100. Pengetahuan dalam metode penyuluhan persentase peningkatan sebesar 0,09 % dan untuk android sebesar 0,33%. Hasil uji paired T-Test terdapat pengaruh pemberian penyuluhan dan aplikasi EDIFO dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan secara bermakna (P=0,000) tentang gizi seimbang secara bermakna (P=0,002). Untuk pengetahuan dalam metode penyuluhan persentase peningkatan sebesar 0,09 % dan untuk android sebesar 0,33%. Terdapat pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi Electronic Diary Food (EDIFO) terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang gizi seimbang. Diharapkan ibu lebih memperhatikan asupan makanan yang diberikan dengan menu yang bervariasi.