bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuisine (scientifique) et dépendance (entrepreneuriale). Enrôlement du chercheur dans l’activité entrepreneuriale et enrôlement de l’entrepreneur dans la recherche académique
Authors: Sevin Élodie , Heller Thomas
Published: May 2021

Nous revenons sur une recherche ethnographique au côté de deux prestataires de services alimentaires aux entreprises dans les Hauts-de-France. Un retour réflexif sur la genèse de ce travail nous permet de rendre compte de ce que les professionnels « font à la recherche » dans le contexte de transformations multiples du côté de la production de la recherche publique académique et du côté des entreprises. La réflexion proposée permet de pointer le risque d’instrumentalisation d'une recherche par des professionnels dont le rôle glisse de « commanditaires » à coproducteurs à des fins économiques, le risque de dépendance de chercheurs vis-à-vis de professionnels enquêtés, mais aussi les possibilités de trouver un espace différent qui s’écarte de la recherche évaluative.
Chercheurs et communicateurs en communication publique : positionnements dissemblables pour une construction de légitimité disciplinaire en partage ?
Authors: Bessières Dominique
Published: May 2021

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les conditions de rapprochements possibles entre chercheurs et communicateurs. Ces acteurs n’obéissent pas aux mêmes attentes, toutefois des « ponts » peuvent être érigés, théoriques et pratiques, entre eux. C’est ce que nous voulons étudier au travers de la communication publique et plus particulièrement de l’association professionnelle du même nom. Avec l’investissement d’un chercheur dans cette association, l’enjeu est de déterminer en quoi la communication publique peut représenter un espace de légitimation en partage pour ces acteurs dissemblables.
Construction des représentations sur le métier de Community manager au Sénégal
Authors: Ndiaye Malick
Published: May 2021

Cet article jette un regard sur les représentations du métier de Community manager au Sénégal. Il dresse un état des lieux de l’émergence de cette activité et la perception qu’une des catégories d’internautes se fait sur elle. En outre, il s’intéresse aux pratiques discursives des community managers en entreprise vis-à-vis de leurs publics/clients à travers leurs échanges sur Twitter. L’analyse des éléments discursifs qui composent 1108 commentaires numériques faites entre le 1er novembre 2019 et le 1er janvier 2020 permet de comprendre la dynamique de valorisation de la marque ainsi que le travail émotionnel de surface effectué par la figure du community manager.
« C’est tellement plus facile d’obtenir des confidences sur un oreiller » : le mythe de la salope chez les journalistes sportives québécoises
Authors: St-Pierre Marilou
Published: May 2021

Les journalistes sportives évoluent dans un milieu hétérocentré où les relations qu’elles entretiennent avec les athlètes sont scrutées à la loupe. Dans cet article, nous verrons qu’entre 1970 et 2015, le mythe de la « salope », soit l’idée répandue selon laquelle les journalistes sportives choisiraient ce métier dans le but d’entretenir des relations intimes et sexuelles avec les sportifs, s’est peu à peu implanté au Québec. Ce mythe crée un double standard entre ce qui est perçu comme une pratique légitime pour les hommes et ce qui est acceptable pour les femmes, en plus de faire des journalistes sportives les gardiennes de la moralité dans un environnement où les demandes à leur égard sont contradictoires.
Mesurabilité des multiples dimensions de la communication interne
Authors: Horlait Déborah , Lambotte François
Published: May 2021

Alors que la quantification de la réputation des marques et des entreprises s’est développée depuis les années 1990, la communication interne fut jusqu’il y a peu relativement épargnée par ce mouvement d’évaluation et d’objectivation de son efficacité. Depuis plusieurs années, nous assistons toutefois à un regain d’intérêt pour cette question de la mesure de la communication interne. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous proposons de réaliser une analyse comparative des principales études et outils consacrés à cette question de la mesure de la communication interne ou organisationnelle. Au préalable, nous nous pencherons sur la construction d’une grille d’analyse s’appuyant sur la définition multidimensionnelle de la communication interne et une réflexion à propos de la mesure de chacune de ses dimensions. Cette analyse comparative des études et outils d’évaluation de la communication interne mettant en exergue la nécessité de développer une nouvelle approche de mesure, nous présenterons ensuite notre projet de recherche-action qui vise à créer une échelle de mesure multidimensionnelle de la communication interne.
Une approche praxéologique des métriques numériques : mesurer le community management pour quoi faire ?
Authors: Alloing Camille , Pierre Julien
Published: May 2021

Cet article analyse les usages que les gestionnaires de communautés en ligne (community managers) font des différentes formes de quantifications de leurs activités, et de celles de leurs publics, proposées par les plateformes numériques. Cette analyse des « métriques numériques » se base sur une enquête par questionnaire (n=545) et une série de 22 entretiens avec des praticiens du community management. Elle met en exergue le rôle d’interface de ces professionnels de la communication entre les plateformes et leurs organisations, l’importance de ces mesures pour diriger leurs actions autant que leurs aspects performatifs.
A review of Turkey’s high-speed rail experience
Authors: Sanili Aydin Ulviyye , Uste Ahmet Nazmi
Published: May 2021

The multidimensional characteristics of the HSR networks make debated the benefits of them. In this context, the aim of this study is to review of Turkey’s HSR systems from spatial equity perspective within the framework of recent research and developments. The latest secondary data from the official statistics of the Ministries of Development; Environment and Urbanization; Industry and Technology of Turkey has been used for the purpose of the analysis. The research methods included: critical analysis of the source literature, analysis of secondary data (desk-research) and graphic methods (tables and maps), by means of which the results of the study have been presented. The main argument of study is that considering the current geographical location of the HSR network of the country, it creates challenges in terms of spatial equity and deepens the regional polarization. The existing HSR network has facilitated mobility, especially in terms of domestic tourism. However, the usage of the HSR by a limited part of population and restrictions applied due to the COVID-19 pandemic question the amount of returns of the HSR’s costs, which are enough expensive investments in Turkey. On the other hand, increasing inequalities arising from the HSR infrastructures shaped on the basis of factors such as the geographical features of the country, general development level, population and demand density, are tried to be minimized by roadway and airway alternatives.
PENGUATAN KERJA SAMA INTERNASIONAL DALAM MENGURANGI DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP SEKTOR PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kumala Masitha Tismananda , Vinata Ria Tri , Setyowati Peni Jati , Suharti Titik
Published: May 2021

Covid-19 tidak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat global namun juga perekonomian global tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Perekonomian dari berbagai sektor terutama perikanan juga turut terdampak. Permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam tulisan ini yaitu pertama apakah dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap sektor perikanan di Indonesia? Kedua, kerjasama internasional seperti apakah yang dapat dilakukan oleh Indonesia dalam peningkatan perekonomian melalui sektor perikanan? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan serta pendekatan konseptual. Simpulan yang di dapat adalah pandemi Covid-19 menjadikan sepinya perairan Indonesia dari kegiatan tangkap ikan oleh Kapal Ikan Indonesia yang kemudian memicu Kapal Ikan Asing untuk kembali melakukan illegal fishing. Indonesia juga perlu menjalin kerjasama internasional untuk meningkatkan perekonomian melalui sektor perikanan di masa pandemi.
OPTIMALISASI PUSAT PELAYANAN TERPADU PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK DALAM MENANGANI KASUS KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Herawati Ratna , Pinilih Sekar Anggun Gading , Nurcahyani Ayu Savitri
Published: May 2021

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) merupakan kasus yang jumlahnya terus bertambah setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Sebagian besar korban KDRT adalah perempuan. Untuk menangani kasus KDRT, pemerintah mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan. Dari amanat berbagai kebijakan tersebut, dibentuklah Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak (P2TP2A) sebagai lembaga yang melayani serta mendampingi perempuan korban kekerasan di setiap pemerintah daerah. Salah satu P2TP2A yang menjadi obyek penelitian ini adalah P2TP2A Semanah yang berada di Kabupaten Magelang. Adapun metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bahwa pelayanan yang diberikan oleh P2TP2A Semanah sudah cukup optimal dalam menangani kasus KDRT, namun belum memiliki fasilitas rumah aman untuk para korban yang membutuhkan perlindungan dari ancaman pelaku.
STATUS YURIDIS BURSA EFEK SEBAGAI PENGATUR KEGIATAN PERDAGANGAN PASAR MODAL
Authors: Hartarto Gilbert Josua Tulus
Published: May 2021

Bursa Efek memiliki peran sebagai regulator perdagangan efek dalam pasar modal. Dalam hal ini, penulis mengangkat isu hukum yakni peran Bursa Efek dan status yuridis Bursa Efek sebagai regulator kegiatan perdagangan efek. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah mengulas peran lembaga Bursa Efek dan status yuridis lembaga Bursa Efek. Penulis mengangkat isu hukum tersebut dikarenakan status yuridis Bursa Efek belum dinyatakan secara tegas kedudukannya sehingga dalam penulisan ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian normatif dengan tinjauan kepustakaan. Penulis memiliki gagasan bahwa Bursa Efek perlu dibuatkan suatu Undang-Undang yang mengatur Bursa Efek guna mempertegas status kedudukan Bursa Efek secara yuridis. Penulisan ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Bursa Efek memiliki kejelasan status yuridis dalam perannya sebagai regulator kegiatan perdagangan efek di pasar modal.
Komunikacja niewerbalna a tłumaczenie symultaniczne: aspekt empiryczny
Authors: Rachut Konrad
Published: May 2021

Bearing in mind the prime principle of audiovisual integration in human communication (Seeber 2012, 2017), the author discusses the empirical aspects of the correlation between nonverbal communication and simultaneous interpreting. Having established that kinesics and prosody indeed can have a positive impact on understanding one’s message, he conducts an experiment in which he compares the quality of the interpretations performed by MA students of English and Russian philology divided into audio and audio-visual groups in the case of English-Polish and Russian-Polish simultaneous interpreting. He focuses specifically on two categories of gestures – illustrators and emblems. Ultimately, he discovers a tangible relation between having the ability to see the speaker and the accuracy of interpreting the speaker’s speech. However, the limitations of the experiment do not allow for making universal conclusions on the basis of its results, as it should become operationalised and replicated.
O rusycyzmach w utworach Mariusza Wilka (rekonesans badawczy)
Authors: Sarnowski Michał
Published: May 2021

The article presents a survey of numerous Russian elements (lexemes and grammatical constructions) in the works of Mariusz Wilk in an attempt to provide their initial classification andinterpretation. Mariusz Wilk, a Polish writer who lives and works in the Russian North, constantly weaves Russicisms into the tissue of his erudite and intertextual statements, making his texts a linguistic experiment with specific textual features. Out of two works by Wilk (Wołoka, Lotem gęsi), more than 140 lexical units (of different status) have been excerpted and subjected to a multifarious analysis. Their typology is based on the concept of space, which is one of the key categories of geopoetics. The author of the article claims that the Russian material in the studied works cannot be treated merely as Russicims in their strict lexicological sense because these words perform specific functions in the texts, among which the communicative, artistic and conceptual functions are in the foreground. Russian segments belong to the most important ingredients of the writer’s idiolect (idiostyle) and, therefore, they should not be treated solely as a violation of the lexical norm. The postulated qualitative and quantitative analysis of Russicisms in Wilk’s works, as well as the assessment of their functional load, open up new possibilities of viewing Russian-Polish language contacts not only as mutual interactions, but above all as building blocks of the author’s message, intersemiotic in its nature.
Following Brodsky. Andrey Zvyagintsev’s Apocrypha
Authors: Waligórska-Olejniczak Beata
Published: May 2021

The article presents the study of the short film Apocrypha by Andrei Zvyagintsev. The text is aimed at the interpretation of the movie in the context of the problem of memory, which is emphasised in the selected work in the explicit and implicit visual associations with the figure and poetry of Iosif Brodsky. The recognition of these characteristic elements in the structure of Zvyagintsev’s film has the influence on the perception of its meaning, leading the culturally aware recipient towards discovering its broad interpretative potential in view of the Russian literary tradition. The study is conducted using the comparative method of analysis. The core theory which constitutes the methodological foundation of the study is Astrid Erll’s concept of cultural memory expounded as intertextuality, i.e. the continuous building up of layers of texts, which are mediated, as well as her idea of transcultural memory, defined in the first instance as a process of fluctuation between the individual and collective level of remembering. Attention is turned to the motifs, which are characteristic both for Brodsky’s and Zvyagintsev’s poetics, such as the aquatic symbolism, temporal and topographical relationships, chromatography of cold colours etc. The application of the selected methodology in the presented discussion allows for exposing the dynamics of the changing nature of culture, which becomes the container of the social and territorial fluctuations of memory.
Wykaz publikacji Profesora Andrzeja Sitarskiego
Authors: Słupianek-Tajnert Daria
Published: May 2021

Wykaz publikacji Profesora Andrzeja Sitarskiego
OECD VE AB ÜYESİ ÜLKELERİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR YÖNETİŞİM DÜZEYLERİNE GÖRE SWARA TABANLI TOPSIS-SORT-B VE WASPAS YÖNTEMLERİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYTEKİN Ahmet , GÜNDOĞDU Hakan Gökhan
Published: May 2021

Sürdürülebilir yönetişim göstergeleri ülkelerin uzun dönemli amaçlarına ulaşmalarında önemli yere sahiptir. Bu noktadan hareketle ele alınan çalışmada, OECD ve AB üyesi ülkelerin sürdürülebilir yönetişim düzeyleri açısından farklılıklarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu amaca ulaşmak için ülkeler sürdürülebilir yönetişim göstergelerine göre çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleriyle sınıflama ve sıralama işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu çerçevede, ülkelerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılması işlemi SWARA yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ağırlıklandırma işlemi sonucuna göre, en önemli ilk iki kriter yürütmenin hesap verebilirliği ve hukukun üstünlüğü kriterleridir. Sınıflama ve sıralama sonuçlarına göre sonlarda veya beklenenden daha düşük konumda bulunan ülkelerin sürdürülebilir yönetişim performansları ise detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda gerçekleştirilen analizlerde, sınıflandırma amacıyla TOPSIS-Sort-B yönteminden yararlanılmış ve ülkeler beş sınıfa ayrılmıştır. İlk sınıfta, İsveç, Norveç, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Almanya ve İsviçre bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu ülkeler WASPAS ile elde edilen sıralamalarda da ilk sıralarda yer almıştır. Son sınıfta ve son üç sırada yer alan ülkeler ise Romanya, Macaristan ve Türkiye olmuştur. Genel olarak, Kuzey ve Batı Avrupa ülkelerinin ise ön sıra ve sınıflarda yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan, ABD ve Japonya sürdürülebilir yönetişim açısından beklenenden daha düşük sıralarda yer almıştır. Ayrıca, analiz sonuçları Türkiye’nin sürdürülebilir yönetişimde önemli eksikliklerinin bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye’nin gelişmiş ülkelerin sahip olduğu yönetişim düzeyine ulaşabilecek potansiyelinin bulunduğu düşünülmektedir.
ANTROPOJENİK KAYNAKLI JEOMORFOLOJİK DEĞİŞİMLERİN OLUŞMASINDAKİ FAKTÖRLERİN COĞRAFİ ANALİZİ: MALTEPE İLÇESİ (İSTANBUL) ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: UZUN Murat
Published: May 2021

Yeryüzü jeomorfolojisi, şehirleşme, sanayi, ulaşım, madencilik, turizm vb. birçok faktörün etkisinde antropojenik baskılara maruz kalmakta ve gelişen teknolojik imkânlarla birlikte farklı boyutlarda değişimlere uğramaktadır. İnsan etkisiyle meydana gelen bu değişimlerin çeşitli yaklaşımlarla incelenmesi antropojenik jeomorfoloji çalışmalarının başlangıç noktası olmuştur. Türkiye’de de özellikle yoğun nüfuslu alanlarda farklı etmen ve süreçlerle antropojenik kökenli jeomorfolojik değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Maltepe (İstanbul) ilçesindeki antropojenik kaynaklı jeomorfolojik değişim yoğunluğu ve bu değişimde rol oynayan faktörler jeoistatistiksel yöntemlerle incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, 1985 ve 2020 yılına ait yükselti verileri, 10’ar yıllık dönemler halinde son 50 yıllık periyottaki uydu görüntüleri, ortofotoları ile arazi çalışmalarındaki ölçümgözlem verileri kullanılarak inceleme sahasının antropojenik kaynaklı jeomorfolojik değişim yoğunluğu haritası üretilmiştir. Antropojenik kaynaklı jeomorfolojik değişim yoğunluğunu etkileyen etmenler 10 ana faktör ve bunlara bağlı 58 alt parametre olarak belirlenmiştir. Değişim yoğunluğu verileri ile belirlenen ana faktör ve alt birimlerine regresyon, coğrafi dedektör, etki-faktör analizleri uygulanmış ve etken faktörler tespit edilmiştir. Değişim modeline göre ilçe arazisinin % 20,4’ünde çok yüksek ve yüksek yoğunlukta jeomorfolojik-topografik değişimlerin yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları antropojenik kaynaklı jeomorfolojik değişimlerin meydana gelmesinde arazi kullanımı, jeomorfoloji, yükselti, bina kat sayısı ve yol yoğunluğunun değişimin esas faktörleri olduğunu göstermiştir
為香港金融服務業的女同志和雙性戀女性僱員創造共融職場
Authors: 鄧 芝珊 , 鄧 惟君 , 陳 詩琳 , 林 寶琪 , 袁 琦婷
Published: May 2021

職場共融是香港企業社會責任(Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR)的重要一環。職場共融指出僱主需要尊重僱員之間的多樣性，肯定僱員對工作環境的不同貢獻，並提高員工的專業水準。多元的工作場所亦需要接納來自不同背景、膚色、種族、健康狀況、性傾向和性別認同的員工。綜觀香港商業各界，向來少有女性的高層代表。女同志和雙性戀女性更因為其性別和性傾向，在職場晉升中面臨「雙重隱形天花板」(double glass ceiling) 的阻礙。 透過嶺南大學創新及效益基金的資助，並與香港跨銀行同志論壇(The Hong Kong LGBT Interbank Forum)和Lesbians in Finance合作，鄧芝珊博士向正在香港金融和銀行業工作的女同志和雙性戀女性，進行了一項網絡問卷調查與兩次焦點小組訪談。研究旨在探討香港金融服務業當中，女同志和雙性戀女性所遇到的具體挑戰和障礙。 我們發現，只有37%的問卷調查受訪者曾經在職場「出櫃」，亦有23%向部分關係密切的同事「出櫃」。換言之，他們對於在職場「出櫃」一事仍然有重大顧慮。企業內的LGBT+員工亦面對「隱形天花板」的晉升問題，18%的調查受訪者同意、47%有點同意存在著這種限制。問及女同志和雙性戀女性是否比男同志更難在職場上「出櫃」時，32%受訪者同意、46%表示有點同意。27%的受訪者同意、39%表示有點同意「女同志和雙性戀女性難以獲得企業的晉升」。其他結果則顯示，女同志和雙性戀女性在企業環境中難被看見、缺乏指導機會、承受更大壓力和焦慮，且擔憂女同志和雙性戀女性的身份會令她們遭受質疑。相較於順性別的女性僱員，表現陽剛的員工亦明顯要面臨更嚴格的審查。故此，即使有關多元共融的討論，一直是改善香港企業工作環境的議程之一，但在提升女同志和雙性戀女性議題的意識方面，仍然存在不足之處。
Térségi biztonsági kérdések és megoldások az afrikai kontinensen – Az Afrikai Unió és a regionális gazdasági közösségek (RECs) biztonsági architektúrája
Authors: Tarrósy István
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the need for the extension of the notion of security by drawing attention to the complexity of ‘human security’ and its daily realities across Africa. It provides an overview of the numerous struggles of the African (and external) organisations in building up an architecture, which may be capable of protecting the many interests of the populations of the continent. Several cases are presented about failures of concerted efforts, together with a growing number of success stories in terms of peacekeeping, creating and maintaining stability, which surely is key to lasting development outcomes for local livelihoods in the continent. It attempts to open up a critical eye on what can be expected for the long run from the African Union and the RECs.
Az afrikai tamtam-ok avagy résdobok története és típusai
Authors: Brauer-Benke József
Published: May 2021

A general survey of data leads one to conclude that, even though the slit drum type of instruments, owing to their simple structure, could have developed in any place with abundant tree cover, the available data suggest that the introduction of this instrument type, or the underlying idea, into the equatorial belt can be linked to the migration of speakers of Austronesian languages. After its introduction, however, the instrument type developed in highly localized fnctions and forms. On this basis the widespread slit drum types of Equatorial Africa were passed on in an East-to-West direction; the absence of these instruments in Southern Africa and the date of arrival of Austronesian-speaking groups in Africa suggest the possibility that the appearance of slit drums in Africa can be dated to the period between the 6th and 10th centuries. The communicative function and prestige value of this instrument type led to its wide adoption among the ethnic groups of the Congo basin in particular. Contrastingly, a major hindrance to its wider distribution over West Africa may have been the presence of a rival candidate for its communicative function (the membranophonic „talking drums”), as well as changes in the animistic religious concepts linked to this instrument type, a result of widepread conversion to Islam from the 14th century. In Eastern Africa too conversion to Islam from the 11th century and the associated spead of the use of Swahili may have been a significant factor, given the fact that Swahili, while a Bantu language, is not a tone language, and thus the diminished communicative potential of these instruments, dependent on tone, as well as the shrinking ritual aspects of their use as symbols of chiefly authority must have led to the gradual decline of the use of slit drums in this region.
Trade Relationship Between Turkey and South Africa a Brief Overview of The Last 20 Years
Authors: Yetkin Ahmet Murat
Published: May 2021

In the 2000s, a single political party became able to manage Turkey alone for the first time in the country’s history. By ensuring internal stability, Turkey started to build and improve its relationships with foreign countries. In this manner, Turkey decided to look for ways to strengthen its relations with the African continent and especially with South Africa.
Development Policies in Africa
Authors: Solymári Dániel
Published: May 2021

The lack of development in developing countries and the examination of the underlying societal problems that are in close causal relation have been providing fertile ground for research to present an extensive historical background. Economic challenges, the backwardness in growth or modernization, and the disorders of society and democratization are collective research subjects for multiple disciplines. Within this multidisciplinary field, the system of international development and aid is an important branch which has grown into a set of independent research and policy standards. Among the classical sectors, it is considered relatively new, barely seventy years of age; however, it has developed with remarkable speed: it has been viewed as the only true path of closing up as well as the misleading track of the crossroads of irreconcilable interests. This paper, somewhat unconventionally, considers the principle resultants that define the character of the system and the manner of operation, and raises critical questions as well. It aims to explain the historical and human context that shaped development policy and could serve as key background elements for the sometimes seemingly irresolvable contradictions that affect even these days.
Female Political Representation in EAC States
Authors: Bagi Judit
Published: May 2021

Almost all East African Community (EAC) member states have more than 30 percent female MPs in their national parliaments: Rwanda (61.3%), Tanzania (37.2%), Burundi (36.4%), Uganda (34.3%), Kenya (21.8%), and South Sudan (28.5%). What could be the reason for the fact that all EAC countries, except Kenya, are above the so-called ‘critical mass’ in the field of female political representation? In the last decades, both conflict and political transition have emerged in EAC countries. During the post-conflict period, gender norms and values (with a focus on gender quota regulations) have been implemented into national policies. The newly established liberal constitutions and gender policy creation have affected the status of East African women positively, although there is a big difference between the states concerning the effectiveness of gender policy-making. My paper (with the help of my field trips in Arusha and Kigali in 2015 and 2016) intends to contribute to a better understanding of EAC countries in transition, with an emphasis on the changing role of women in society, particularly in the important fields of gender politics and political representation.
The New Wave of Currency Devaluations in Africa – Will the Devalued Birr Help the Coffee Exports?
Authors: Pasztor Szabolcs
Published: May 2021

Despite the fact that currency devaluations are likely to have a negative effect on the economy in the long run, Ethiopia devalued its national currency, the birr (ETB), by 15 percent in 2017. They turned to this option in the hope of attracting more investments from abroad, decreasing import bills, improving the current account deficit and giving a boost to the exports of the coffee sector. A couple of months later, the impact seems to be promising because the export has been revived in some areas. However, it has to be stressed that the imported commodities may experience a price increase, there can be a widening balance of payments deficit and rising inflation. The paper aims to shed more light on the short- and long-term impacts of currency devaluations in the developing countries with a special emphasis on Ethiopia. Also, the recent Ethiopian measure is to be analyzed in greater detail highlighting the impacts on export earnings, import bills, the balance of payments, and on the overall competitiveness of the coffee sector.
A női genitális csonkítás: múlt és jelen
Authors: Solymári Dániel , Mangera Janet , Csikós Gabriella
Published: May 2021

In this paper we briefly describe the historical context of the development of female genital mutilation and summarize the results of the most important sources. In addition to terminological and conceptual clarification, we describe the main types of practice. We draw attention to the health and medical aspects of its use and the possible consequences. Furthermore, we present a contemporary picture of its practice in Kenya and its legal and social situation. At the end of the essay, for the sake of understanding its personal and human ramifications, we briefly describe the results of a research on qualitative ‚snowball’ methods with former victims, revealing the psychosocial side of this practice.
Nation-Building Predicament, Transition Fatigue, and Fear of State Collapse
Authors: Gebrewahd Meressa Tsehaye
Published: May 2021

Ethiopia, evolved from Tigray, is known by its history of having been an empire (e.g., the Axumite kingdom) and having been independent. The fundamental weakness of the Ethiopian state has been the lack of inclusive national consensus, hampered by national oppression and the dilemma of democratizing a feudal state. The post-1991 TPLF-EPRDF-led Ethiopia has been experimenting with federalist nation-building to address Ethiopia’s historical contradictions: national and class oppression. The 1995 FDRE Constitution established a federal system and subsequently recognized the right of nations to self-determination including secession, self-administration, and local development. The constitution also declared that the Ethiopian nations were the “sovereign owners” of the constitution. However, the coming of Abiy Ahmed to power and his policy reforms based on ‘neo-pan-Ethiopianism’ opened the box of Pandora of secessionist, irredentist, and federalist forces opposing his plan to recentralize the ethnic federation, as it happened similarly in the case of former Yugoslavia. PM Abiy’s reforms have been branded as those of the ‘Mikael Gorbachev of Ethiopia’ for his sweeping campaign against the 27 years of federalist control. The article investigates the nation-building aspirations, transition fatigue, the predicaments of secessionist, federalist, and assimilationist narratives, and the subsequent fear of ‘state collapse’ in the post-2018 crisis in Ethiopia.
The Effects of Land Tenure Policy on the Environment in the Gambella Region
Authors: Kompuok Chuol
Published: May 2021

An attempt is made to investigate the consequences of land tenure policy on the environment enhancing reforestation as a means of ascertaining tenure security in the Gambella region. This paper sheds light on the acc elerated pace of deforestation in the study area and its impact on the environment. The theoretical and conceptual issues of the interrelation between reforestation, deforestation, land tenure system, and other socio-economic indicators have been given due attention in the literature review. Research methodology gives much focus on qualitative data analysis that uses ranges of data collection approaches; FGD, KII, semi-structured household interviews with the inclusion of secondary data reviews. The paper considers the effect of land tenure system on the environment and discusses the landholding system in the study area, including customary land rights among the Nuer, the Anywaa, and the Majangir. To this effect, external factors and urban expansions are addressed with the view to understanding the impact of socio-cultural practice on physical environment perception and management. A conclusion and policy implications are also discussed.
A megegyezés gátja: vízelosztási kérdések Egyiptom, Szudán és Etiópia között
Authors: Daher Rashed
Published: May 2021

Recent developments of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam aiming to utilize the River Nile’s water for electricity production sparked serious debates in Africa. Under construction since 2011, the project has severe geopolitical consequences not only in its immediate neighbourhood but also in the downstream countries such as Sudan and Egypt that are almost exclusively reliant on the river’s water for industrial, agricultural, and household purposes. Although the Nile is the longest river on Earth, its water is shared by tens of millions of users in a region characterized by water scarcity. Therefore, the Ethiopian dam, with its potentially negative consequences, is considered an existential threat for Egypt and contributes to the political tensions between the two distant countries.This analysis aims to present the political choices behind this megaproject focusing on Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia and the impacts that different scenarios of water usage (how fast the reservoir behind the Dam is filled) may have on the downstream countries. In this sense, negotiations on the completion of the Dam and the hydroelectric power plant are crucial for Egypt’s water resources. My analysis tries to shed light on the importance of this topic in the Egyptian political discourseand show the changes in the political leeway of Egyptian leadership since 2011. As the case provides yet another illustration of interconnected environmental issues, my research also highlights the political and economic dilemmas embedded in similar situations.
Másság, győztesség, fundamentumok
Authors: A. Gergely András
Published: May 2021

A. Gergely András Simon Róbert különböző munkáit mutatta be
Basic Digital Image Color Analysis for Nondestructive Testing of Setting and Curing Process of Building Products: Application to Thin Render Layers Sprayed at Building Site
Authors: Agena Kanashiro Felipe Arturo , Zamora Mestre Joan Lluís
Published: May 2021

Many building products are put in place in liquid or plastic state. During the first hours and days, the products set and dry, changing their mechanical properties, and their visual aspect also changes in parallel because of the hardening process. In the case of sprayed products, the technical supervisor must know at any time the quality of every sprayed layer and finally determine when it has reached its point of maturity that allows considering it as ready or suitable to receive the next layer. Experimented professionals often use personal visual ability to recognize the evolution of visual colors and surface textures of thin render layers applied on site as capacity to determine this right moment, especially in the case of dry mix sprayed products that harden progressively during curing process. However, these visual assessments are not considered decisive as a technical procedure to assess the evolution of the sprayed product properties. As they are thin layers, it can be considered that the information acquired from their surface is sufficiently representative of their interior qualities. The aim of this study is to correlate information obtained in successive local measurements of humidity and penetration resistance taken on the early surface of a dry mix product just sprayed (portland cement mortar and gypsum plaster) during its setting phase and to compare it with its surface digital color evolution during this process. The goal was to explore whether it is possible to establish a relationship between evolution of resistance penetration and evolution of some digital image basic parameters during the setting and drying period. If this relationship were sufficient, conventional point-to-point contact tests (destructive tests) could be replaced in the future by nondestructive surface visual tests. This is very useful at the building site where there are big surfaces to assess and only a short time to make the right decisions.
Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science Global Engagement Task Force Report
Authors: Steltenpohl Crystal N. , Montilla Doble L. James , Basnight-Brown Dana M. , Dutra Natália B. , Belaus Anabel , Kung Chun-Chia , Onie Sandersan , Seernani Divya , Chen Sau-Chin , Burin Deborah I. , Darda Kohinoor
Published: May 2021

The Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS) is an organization whose mission focuses on bringing together scholars who want to improve methods and practices in psychological science. The organization reaffirmed in June 2020 that “[we] cannot do good science without diverse voices,” and acknowledged that “right now the demographics of SIPS are unrepresentative of the field of psychology, which is in turn unrepresentative of the global population. We have work to do when it comes to better supporting Black scholars and other underrepresented minorities.”

The purpose of the Global Engagement Task Force, started in January 2020, was to explore suggestions made after the 2019 Annual Conference, held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, around inclusion and access for scholars from regions outside of the United States, Canada, and Western Europe (described in the report as “geographically diverse” regions), a task complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic and civil unrest in several task force members’ countries of residence. This report outlines several suggestions, specifically around building partnerships with geographically diverse open science organizations; increasing SIPS presence at other, more local events; diversifying remote events; considering geographically diverse annual conference locations; improving membership and financial resources; and surveying open science practitioners from geographically diverse regions.
Eating (with) the Other
Authors: Alkon Alison Hope , Grosglik Rafi
Published: May 2021

This article aims to describe and theorize the role of food television in cultivating popular understandings of the relationship between food and race. Although there is burgeoning research on representations of food and identity, scholars have devoted much less attention to representations of race in food-related television programming. This article highlights the necessity of doing so through a comparative examination of shows that aim to expose viewers to racial and ethnic communities through their foodways. We ask to what extent these shows deliver contact across racial difference in hierarchical and egalitarian ways. We found that these shows convey manifestations of “eating with the Other” by providing viewers with a warm and respectful entrée into the everyday realities of racial, ethnic, and immigrant communities. Simultaneously, the shows embody bell hooks’s notion of “eating the Other,” as they commodify the experiences of marginalized communities for the vicarious pleasures of their viewers, and gloss over larger social, political, and economic inequalities. This article offers insights into the ways in which contemporary food television is dealing with issues of ethno-racial differences and inequalities, and discusses the potential of this medium to act as a form of critical intervention.
Anti-Black Racism in Food Advertising
Authors: Belisle Donica
Published: May 2021

Between 1947 and 1958, B.C. Sugar—western Canada’s largest sugar manufacturer—ran six major advertising campaigns that depicted Black people as laborers on sugarcane plantations. One of these campaigns, moreover, played upon offensive stereotypes of Black men as happy-go-lucky, childlike, and suited for manual labor. Analyzing the reach, content, and significances of these campaigns, this article suggests that despite increased civil and human rights advocacy in the 1940s and 1950s, at least one major Canadian corporation persisted in distributing anti-Black racist advertising. Such persistence reveals that white supremacist sentiment was entrenched in western Canada during this time. It also suggests that the western Canadian sugar industry particularly, and the North American food industry more generally, have been prone to anti-Black racism within advertising.
The Multidimensionality of Trust: Assessing Finnish Audiences’ Views on the Trustworthiness of Digital News
Authors: Horowitz Minna , Ojala Markus , Matikainen Janne , Jääsaari Johanna
Published: May 2021

Finland provides an interesting case study on trust in the media in the digital era. The country is known to exhibit the greatest levels of trust in the political establishment and the government, as well as the media. In the Finnish “digital welfare state,” the news is an inseparable part of the mechanism, producing a high level of social trust within the welfare state system, and Finland features the highest level of media freedom and literacy in Europe.

This multimethod study examines different understandings of trust by studying in what ways Finnish audiences experience trust in news, especially when consuming news on digital platforms, and what factors explain trust in different news sources. Our basic premise is that trust can be understood in three ways: as dispositions of individual actors, as the social organization and the relationship between different social nodes and the system, and as a constantly negotiated property of social relations. We apply this three-dimensional framework in two sets of audience survey research data (2019, 2020) and reflect the findings with a focus group and expert interviews as well as with two similar surveys a decade prior.

Our results depict relatively high levels of trust in the media in Finland and surprisingly little change in audiences’ perceptions of trustworthiness compared to the earlier surveys. The most defining characteristic of Finnish audiences is critical trust. Audiences are aware of the impacts of digitization, especially the dangers of social media bubbles and disinformation. They also recognize market-driven imperatives of journalism yet appreciate legacy news media in its different digital forms. Our study indicates that a balance between skepticism and reliance on news outlets can exist in audiences’ perceptions of the trustworthiness of digital news.
Breast cancer in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)
Authors: Cheah Seong Keat , Bisambar Chad Ramese , Pitfield Deborah , Giger Olivier , Hoopen Rogier ten , Martin Jose-Ezequiel , Clark Graeme R , Park Soo-Mi , Parkinson Craig , Challis Benjamin G , Casey Ruth T
Published: May 2021

A 38-year-old female was identified as carrying a heterozygous pathogenic MEN1 variant (c.1304delG) through predictive genetic testing, following a diagnosis of familial hyperparathyroidism. Routine screening for parathyroid and pituitary disease was negative. However, cross-sectional imaging by CT revealed a 41 mm pancreatic tail mass. Biopsy via endoscopic ultrasound confirmed the lesion to be a well-differentiated (grade 1) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (pNET) with MIB1<1%. Biochemically, hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia was confirmed following an overnight fast, which was subsequently managed by diet alone prior to definitive surgery. Pre-operative work-up with octreotide SPECT CT demonstrated avid tracer uptake in the pancreatic lesion and, unexpectedly, a focal area of uptake in the left breast. Further investigation, and subsequent mastectomy, confirmed ductal carcinoma in situ pT2 (23 mm) grade 1, N0 (ER positive; HER2 negative). Following mastectomy, our patient underwent a successful distal pancreatectomy to resect the pNET. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the MEN1 locus was found in both the breast tumour and pNET, thereby in keeping with a 'two-hit' hypothesis of oncogenesis, a suggestive but non-definitive clue for causation. To obtain further support for a causative relationship between MEN1 and breast cancer, we undertook a detailed review of the published literature which overall supports the notion that breast cancer is a MEN1-related malignancy that presents at a younger age and histologically, is typically of ductal subtype. Currently, clinical guidance regarding breast cancer surveillance in MEN1 does not exist and further research is required to establish a clinical and cost-effective surveillance strategy).

Learning points

We describe a case of pNET and breast cancer diagnosed at a young age of 38 years in a patient who is heterozygous for a pathogenic MEN1 variant. Loss of the wild-type allele was seen in both breast tissue and pNET specimen.

Breast cancer may be an under-recognised MEN1-associated malignancy that presents at a younger age than in the general population with a relative risk of 2–3.

Further research is required to determine the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer surveillance approach at a younger age in MEN1 patients relative to the general population
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Improved AcroQoL scores in acromegaly after sagittal split ramus osteotomy with Le Fort I osteotomy
Authors: Taguchi Tomomi , Kimizuka Sachiko , Takano Koji
Published: May 2021

Acromegaly is associated with a low quality of life (QoL), which is partially attributable to appearance. However, appearance changes are only partially reversible with treatments of growth hormone excess. This case study describes a 41-year-old Japanese man who presented with mandibular prognathism. Acromegaly was suspected because of the patient’s facial features. Subsequent examination revealed a pituitary tumour with elevated levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), confirming a diagnosis of acromegaly. We assessed his QoL with the acromegaly QoL questionnaire (AcroQoL) before transsphenoidal surgery, and all AcroQoL scores were low. Although the pituitary adenoma was resected, his serum IGF1 levels started to increase again and MRI identified a residual pituitary lesion. After lanreotide and pegvisomant injection therapies improved his serum IGF1 levels, we reassessed his AcroQoL scores, however, the results showed worsening scores regarding appearance and personal relationships, and the patient expressed interest in surgery for mandibular prognathism. We performed sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with Le Fort I osteotomy, thus, the patient’s AcroQoL scores improved. This case shows that SSRO with Le Fort I osteotomy for mandibular prognathism, rather than control of serum IGF1 level alone, improved the patient’s AcroQoL score, especially for both psychological well-being and approval of appearance. Acromegaly has many complications, including its negative impact on patients’ perception of their appearance and patients’ QoL can be improved using multiple options, in addition to controlling growth hormone levels.

Learning points

The patient’s AcroQoL scores worsened despite biochemical normalization of IGF-1 levels.

Mandibular prognathism due to acromegaly can be successfully operated by performing sagittal split ramus osteotomy with Le Fort I osteotomy.

Frequent monitoring of AcroQoL scores and appropriate response to negative results can improve the overall QoL.
Characteristics of benign adrenocortical adenomas with 18F-FDG PET accumulation
Authors: Ishiwata Kazuki , Suzuki Sawako , Igarashi Katsushi , Ruike Yutaro , Naito Kumiko , Ishida Akiko , Deguchi-Horiuchi Hanna , Fujimoto Masanori , Koide Hisashi , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Yokote Koutaro
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Although 18F-FDG PET was originally developed to evaluate benign and malignant tumors, the frequency of detection of benign adrenocortical adenomas showing FDG-PET accumulation has increased. However, the details of FDG-PET-accumulated benign adrenocortical adenomas have not been elucidated.

Methods

To elucidate the pathophysiology of FDG-PET-positive cortisol-producing adrenal tumors, we performed clinicopathological and genetic analyses of adrenocortical adenomas examing FDG-PET in 30 operated patients with unilateral cortisol-producing adrenal tumors (26 adrenal adenomas and 4 adrenal cancers).

Results

All adrenocortical carcinomas and 17/26 (65%) benign adrenocortical adenomas showed high FDG accumulation (SUVmax ≥ 3). In adrenocortical adenomas with high FDG accumulation (SUVmax ≥ 3), SUVmax showed a positive correlation with the CT Hounsfield units. A higher SUVmax showed a clear black adenoma appearance with predominantly compact cells, which exhibited high T1 and T2 signals, a lack of signal drop on out-of-phase imaging on MRI, and less accumulation on 131-I adsterol scintigraphy. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant increases in the lysosomal and autophagy pathways and metabolic pathways, including glycolysis through glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and 3, in black adenomas with high-level FDG accumulation.

Discussion

A black adenoma is blackish due to lipofuscin, which accumulates as a result of damaged mitochondria or proteins that escape lysosomal degradation or autophagy. Since FDG in PET is taken up via GLUTs, alteration of the intracellular metabolic dynamics associated with mitochondrial damage in black adenomas may increase PET accumulation.

Conclusion

Black adrenal adenomas should be considered with adrenal tumors showing PET accumulation and low lipid contents.