bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The poetics of Honorius’ romantic behaviour in Claudian’s Epith. 1-46
Authors: Pappas Vasileios
Published: April 2023

In Epith. 1-46, Claudian narrates Honorius’ impatience for his wedding to his betrothed spouse, Maria. In the half passage (1-19) we hear the poet’s voice, while in the remainder it is that of the young emperor (20-46), who expresses his complaints towards Maria’s parents, Stilicho and Serena. Claudian presents Honorius as an elegiac lover, who suffers due to his romantic passion. My paper aims to reveal this passage’s generic interaction between elegy and epic. We will see that Honorius’ love behaviour wavers between his elegiac persona and his epical reality. Furthermore, I attempt to prove that in these verses, Claudian includes a metapoetic discourse on the impact of Callimachean theory within his poetics.
Expresión del lamento y escritura terapéutica en la Consolatio ad Helviam de Séneca
Authors: Padilla-Carmona Carles
Published: April 2023

Los Diálogos sexto, undécimo y duodécimo de Séneca recogen, respectivamente, sus Consolaciones a Marcia, a Polibio, y a su madre Helvia. El filósofo las aprovecha para exponer sus teorías estoicas sobre la irreversibilidad de la muerte y la inutilidad del lamento. Con tres destinatarios diferentes, pero con argumentos, estructura y estilo semejantes, las Consolaciones nos permiten ahondar en el pensamiento senequiano. De ellas, Ad Helviam es, sin duda, la más personal e íntima y nos ofrece numerosas pistas que nos hacen pensar que el propio Séneca utilizaba la escritura como método catár-tico para mitigar su propio dolor.
A propósito de la exposición ‘Los colores del mundo’: una conversación sobre color con una IA
Authors: San Cornelio Gemma
Published: April 2023

Hace unas semanas asistimos a una visita guiada a una exposición titulada Los colores del mundo en el Cosmocaixa, en Barcelona. Lo hicimos con un grupo de estudiantes de la asignatura Taller de color, del grado de Diseño, una asignatura que aborda las diferentes dimensiones del color como fenómeno físico, químico, social y cultural, de manera que al entender todo esto los estudiantes puedan elegir y manejar el color de una manera consciente y efectiva en la medida de lo posible.
Optimization design of railway logistics center layout based on mobile cloud edge computing
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling
Published: April 2023

With the development of the economy, the importance of railway freight transportation has become essential. The efficiency of a railway logistics center depends on the types, quantities, information exchange, and layout optimization. Edge collaboration technology can consider the advantages of cloud computing’s rich computing storage resources and low latency. It can also provide additional computing power and real-time requirements for intelligent railway logistics construction. However, the cloud-side collaboration technology will introduce the wireless communication delay between the mobile terminal and the edge computing server. We designed a two-tier unloading strategy algorithm and solved the optimization problem by determining the unloading decision of each task. The cost of every task is calculated in the onboard device calculation, vehicular edge computing (VEC), and cloud computing server calculation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can save about 40% time delay compared to other unloading strategies.
Parathyroid Carcinoma with Low Values of Elevated Parathyroid Hormone: A Case Report
Authors: Jacob Mariya , Sankar Krishna Shankar Gopal , Venugopal Sarveswaran
Published: April 2023

Parathyroid Carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for <1% of sporadic Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases. A preoperative and even intraoperative diagnosis of PC is rarely reported due to its close resemblance to parathyroid adenoma with respect to symptoms- hypercalcaemia, renal stones and/or failure, osteoporosis, and cardiac/neurocognitive dysfunction. The mean serum calcium in PC is reported to be greater than 14 mg/dL along with serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels often above 1000 pg/mL. When serum PTH levels are 10 times the upper limit of the normal, it is considered diagnostic of PC. Surgical en-bloc resection without capsular breach is the only definitive cure for PC. The present case report included two patients who presented with features of single parathyroid glandular enlargement, hypercalcaemia, its consequences and with normal ionised calcium, but relatively low levels of elevated serum PTH (<300 pg/mL). They were operated and identified postoperatively as having PC. This rare presentation of PC where the preoperative serum PTH values were lower than usually seen in carcinoma, should alert endocrinologists and surgeons that lower levels of elevated serum PTH do not primarily exclude the possibility of carcinoma.
Abnormal Behaviour of Introducing Ring in Penis and its Fatal Consequences: A Case Series
Authors: Maulik Dhrubajyoti , Nandi Debjit
Published: April 2023

This case series is about four incidences where the patients had introduced rings around the penis. The duration of the presentation ranged from eight to ninety-six hours. All patients had different degrees of injury and clinical presentation and were managed accordingly. Help of one metallic electrical cutter and two non hospital staff were required while removing those rings and same method was used in all cases. At the time of discharge, one patient was found to have degloved penile skin, others showed sloughed-out skin at the base of the penis. Late presenters had lower Erection Hard Score (EHS) but all had normal voiding of urine at the time of discharge. One patient was known to have schizophrenia. Other patients had no history of mental disorders and psychiatric evaluation was also done during hospital stay. Penile strangulation needs urgent medical attention and the removal of the rings as early as possible. Duration of strangulation and type of object plays a vital role in determining the grade of injury and complications.
Recovery Period for Attaining Baseline Haematological Prameters after Plateletpheresis Donation- A Cohort Study
Authors: Patel Keyuri B , Inaniya Kailash , Padharia Dharti Pravin
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Plateletpheresis provides the advantage of collecting a large volume of platelets, equivalent to a platelet count of 20-40 x 109 in a single unit. The risk of postdonation anaemia is reduced as the red cells are re-infused into the donor. Plateletpheresis affects the donors, haematological parameters and their period for reaching the baseline is important. Aim: To analyse the recovery of haematological parameters to baseline among apheresis platelet donors. Materials and Methods: A cohort study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Pramukh Swami Medical College from April 2020 to September 2021. The study included 40 plateletpheresis procedures, which were performed according to manufacturer’s manual and standard operating procedure. The donor’s samples were assessed on immediate postdonation, on second, seventh, and fourteenth postdonation day. The age, weight, height of patient, Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Total Leucocyte Count (TLC), and platelet were also noted. Paired t-test was applied for the comparison of pre and post plateletpheresis values of haematological parameters. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 15. Results: Post plateletpheresis the platelet count reached the baseline on the fourteenth day whereas, the total White Blood Cells (WBC) count and Hb reached the baseline on the seventh day. The donors who were preobese were maximum in number and the duration of procedure was comparatively lower in them. Conclusion: The platelet count reached the baseline by the fourteenth day while the other haematological parameters reached the baseline by the seventh day. Therefore, a minimum interval of seven days would suffice to ensure the baseline return of the haematological parameters in the best interest of the donor’s health.
Efficacy of Arm Ergometer Exercise on Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- An Interventional Study
Authors: Dhait Shubhada Ravindra , Vardhan Vishnu , Walke Rashmi
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Type-2 diabetes develops when the body’s natural metabolism is disrupted, which is marked by a decline in glucose tolerance over time. Diabetes mellitus is a dreadful condition specified by an increase in the concentration of glucose that influences the cardiovascular system, veins, arteries, vision, renal system, and ganglion over time. Arm ergometer is an upper body exercise apparatus that quantifies and standardises physical activity in terms of work output. Thus, it is well recognised as an essential component in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Exercise has been demonstrated to aid glycaemic management in those at high risk of diabetes. The symptoms of peripheral artery disease, peripheral neuropathy, vision disturbances, renal disease, heart disease, cognitive impairment, and metabolic dysfunction are likely to worsen due to poor glycaemic control. Limited evidences on arm ergometer have shown its effectiveness on glycaemic control. Aim: To find the efficacy of arm ergometer exercise on glycaemic control in patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: This interventional study will be conducted in the Diabetes Out Patient Department (OPD) of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha from April 2022 to March 2023 after obtaining the ethical clearance. A total of 40 participants with T2DM will be recruited, and after baseline health parameter assessment like post-prandial blood glucose, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and 6-minute walk test, the participant will perform arm ergometer exercise for 30 minutes for 5 days/week. All the parameters will be assessed again after 6 weeks. Frequency distribution will be calculated using Chi-square and pre and post data will be compared using student’s paired t-test. Expected outcome: Arm ergometer exercise will be effective on glycaemic control in T2DM individual.
Dengue Fever Presenting as Ischaemic Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Putta Rajasekhar , Basha K Vali , Perumalla K Newton Issac Praneeth
Published: April 2023

Several neurological manifestations are common in dengue fever. They are encephalitis, encephalopathy, Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), Intracranial haemorrhage, but, ischemic stroke is a rare complication. This is a case report of ischaemic stroke in a patient with dengue fever. A 39-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with the chief complaints of fever, retro orbital pain since four days, and one episode of seizure on the day of presentation. Examination revealed left homonymous hemianopia. Diagnosis of dengue was made based on Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) positive for dengue. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain showed acute infarcts in right temporal, right occipital and right hippocampal region. Severity of hemianopia decreased as the days progressed and platelet count gradually improved to normal limits within five days. Adequate fluid management was given and the patient was discharged once stable. Anti-platelets were started after two weeks during the follow-up. Examination during follow-up showed decrease in hemianopia to just mild blurring of vision on left gaze. Ischemic stroke is even rarer entity and clinicians should be made aware of these complications.
Prevalence of Deep Vein Thrombosis among COVID-19 Patients using Colour Doppler Ultrasound in a Tertiary Care Centre of Central India: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shankhwar Amit , Agrawal Alka , Tanwani Aksha , Lodhi Vasudev
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Acute respiratory disease, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious and potentially fatal respiratory disease. Increase in the inflammatory response, hypoxia, immobilisation are suggested mechanisms of procoagulant state. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary emboli are common and often silent. Venous duplex ultrasound help in determination of the presence, extent, age of the thrombus and its attachment to venous wall. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of DVT by colour doppler ultrasound in lower limbs of mild to severe clinical categories of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: A time-bound, hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, between March 2021 and February 2022. Study comprised 2200 cases of COVID-19 positive patients with elevated D-dimer levels i.e., >0.5 ng/mL and colour doppler imaging for lower limb. The clinical (co-morbidities, clinical severity) and radiological data (compressibility, colour flow) were studied and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25.0. Results: In the present study, there were 1144 (53%) males and 1056 (47%) females. Out of 2200 patients, 792 (36%) patients showed presence of DVT. The most prevalent age group was 36- 55 years having 506 (63.9%) patients. Majority of DVT positive patients were suffering with hypertension and diabetes i.e., 261 (33%) and 372 (47%) patients, respectively. Most commonly affected vein in DVT was Common Femoral Vein (CFV) in 704 (88.9%) patients. Superficial veins thrombosis was also associated with DVT affecting Short Saphenous Vein (SSV) in 439 (55.4%) patients and Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) in 221 (27.9%) patients. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of DVT among COVID19 positive patients. Colour doppler ultrasound has provided an excellent aid in the diagnosis of DVT.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections due to Aeromonas spp.: An Emerging Pathogen
Authors: Kilikdar Mousumi , Srinivas Jampala , Chitrans Pallavi , Siraj Safiya , Ansari Aman
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Aeromonas spp., the emerging human pathogens, can cause various diseases like gastrointestinal infections, Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTIs), respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infection, hepatobiliary tract infection, blood stream infections etc. Aeromonas consists of important pathogenic species like Aeromonas hydrophila being the most common one followed by A.sobria, A.veroni, A.caviae and A.salmonicida. SSTIs due to Aeromonads are most often associated with preexisting ulcer, traumatic wound and exposure to water. Aim: The present study was carried out to analyse socioepidemiological factors, clinical features, risk factors and antibiotic resistance potential of Aeromonas spp., SSTIs. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, all Gramnegative fermenting motile isolates which are positive for oxidase, H2 S production, indole reaction, lysine decarboxylase were further identified by Vitek 2 compact system (Biomerieux, France). The study period was 2 years. Results: A total of 39 patients with Aeromonas spp., SSTIs were identified during the period from 2020 to 2022. Majority of patients hailed from urban areas, were in middle age group and were farmers. A.hydrophila (n=24, 62%) was the predominant isolate. Majority of the infections were superinfection of wound (n=16, 41%) and chronic non healing ulcer (n=13, 33.3%). A total of 33.3% of infections were polymicrobial, common concomitant pathogens being, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Trauma and water exposure were main risk factors with co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension and liver cirrhosis. A 20.5% of patients were immunocompromised. There was one case of Necrotising Fasciitis (NF) which resulted in patient’s death. Cotrimoxazole, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. Aztreonam and Tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics while eight of the isolates were Multidrug Resistant (MDR). Thirty-three patients recovered completely and three patients died of complications. Conclusion: Aeromonas hydrophila must be regarded as an emerging pathogen of SSTIs mainly in patients with preexisting ulcers and can be MDR. Such infections have a good prognosis if prompt medical, surgical and supportive treatment is given.
Limberg Transposition Flap in Primary Pilonidal Sinus- A Case Series
Authors: Jeyalaksmi T , Priya E Shenbaga Seetha
Published: April 2023

Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus (PS) is common among the young male adult population. There are multiple treatment options available ranging from non medical and surgical procedures. Medical management is not in vogue. This case series is about 10 patients with a common manifestation of serous discharge from the sinus in the sacrococcygeal region. The patients warranted a definitive cure for their condition. Though not life-threatening, it is socially embarrassing and adversely affects the quality of life in terms of education and livelihood among the young. The Limberg flap technique was advocated in all these patients, only one out of 10 patients showed wound infection. All the patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome. The surgical choices varied from simple excision to flap procedures. Overall the Limberg (rhomboid) flap technique has fewer postoperative complications and low recurrence rate and has a shorter learning curve, and is emerging as the standard of care.
DNA Barcoding of Selected Freshwater Fishes in New Calabar River, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Uchenna Anukwu John , Ogochukwu Nwamba Helen , Emiliana Chiaha Ijeoma
Published: April 2023

The major environmental crisis is the loss of biodiversity and the decline is predominant in the fish population. Although taxonomic history began 250 years ago, there are still undiscovered members of species and new species are waiting to be uncovered. The failure of the traditional taxonomic method to address this issue has resulted to the adoption of a molecular approach-DNA barcoding. It was proposed that DNA barcoding using the mitochondrion cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene has the capability to serve as a barcode for fish. The aim of this study was to use DNA barcoding in the identification of fish species in the New Calabar River, Rivers State. BLAST result showed the correlation between the sequence queried and the biological sequences with the NCBI database. The names of the samples, percentage ID, predicted organisms, and GenBank Accession numbers were clearly identified. A total of 18 sequences (all > 600bp) belonging to 8 species, 7 genera, 7 families, and 5 orders were validated and submitted to the NCBI database. Each nucleotide peak was represented by a single colour with various percentage occurrences. Two (22%) out of the 9 original samples analyzed corresponded with the predicted organisms from the BLAST result.) There were a total of 712 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA11. Pairwise sequence alignment showed different consensus positions and a total of 30 mutations. There was one insertion from Polynemus dubius and 29 substitutions (transition-15 and transversion-14) mutations. No deletion and nonsense codons were detected in all the amplified sequences. This work will facilitate more research in other keys areas such as the identification of mislabeled fish products, illegal trading of endangered species, and effective tracking of fish biodiversity.
The Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Mebrouk Nadia , Attari Najlae , Halimi Boutaina , Chtouki Loubna , Lamalmi Najat , Bentahila Abdelali
Published: April 2023

Sinus histiocytosis, also known as Rosaï Dorfman Syndrome (SRD), is a noncancerous condition that causes the growth of large masses of histiocytes in lymph nodes, primarily in the cervical area. Visceral damage is common, and diagnosis is made through histological examination. The cause of SRD is unknown and can occur at any age, even in children. The condition can sometimes improve spontaneously, but large tumor masses can cause compression and damage, particularly if they involve the retro-orbital or epidural areas. In most cases, it is best to avoid treatment, but therapeutic interventions may be necessary for forms of the disease that pose a direct threat or are progressing. Treatment is not standardized and may involve surgery, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and/or alpha interferon, depending on the individual case.

We present a case study of a 4-year-old child who had multiple bilateral adenopathies. The diagnosis was verified through a biopsy of the lymph nodes.
Retinal Aneurysms in Myopic Traction Maculopathy
Authors: Nguyen Michael , Yiu Glenn
Published: April 2023

This case report describes retinal telangiectatic vessels and aneurysms in a woman aged 23 years with a history of pathologic myopia.
The Most Urgent Voice in Eye Research—The Patient’s
Authors: Todd Jeff , Baldonado Kira N.
Published: April 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of the patient voice in regards to eye research and funding.
GCN2 kinase‐mediated upregulation of ubiquitin C maintains intracellular glutamine level and tRNAGln(CUG) charging under amino acid starvation
Authors: Tsukamoto Yusuke , Nakamura Yumi , Hirata Makoto , Okuzaki Daisuke , Sakate Ryuichi , Kimura Tomonori
Published: April 2023

Each tRNA is aminoacylated (charged) with a genetic codon‐specific amino acid. It remains unclear what factors are associated with tRNA charging and how tRNA charging is maintained. By using the individual tRNA acylation PCR method, we found that the charging ratio of tRNAGln(CUG) reflects cellular glutamine level. When uncharged tRNAGln(CUG) increased under amino acid starvation, the kinase GCN2, which is a key stimulator of the integrated stress response, was activated. Activation of GCN2 led to the upregulation of ubiquitin C (UBC) expression. Upregulated UBC, in turn, suppressed the further reduction in tRNAGln(CUG) charging levels. Thus, tRNA charging is sensitive to intracellular nutrient status and is an important initiator of intracellular signaling.
Parametric delineation uncertainties contouring (PDUC) modeling on CT scans of prostate cancer patients
Authors: Ly Vi , Liu Lizhong , Cardenas Carlos , Maroongroge Sean , De Brian , Basha Daniel El , Court Laurence , Luo Xi
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Variability in contouring contributes to large variations in radiation therapy planning and treatment outcomes. The development and testing of tools to automatically detect contouring errors require a source of contours that includes well‐understood and realistic errors. The purpose of this work was to develop a simulation algorithm that intentionally injects errors of varying magnitudes into clinically accepted contours and produces realistic contours with different levels of variability.

Methods

We used a dataset of CT scans from 14 prostate cancer patients with clinician‐drawn contours of the regions of interest (ROI) of the prostate, bladder, and rectum. Using our newly developed Parametric Delineation Uncertainties Contouring (PDUC) model, we automatically generated alternative, realistic contours. The PDUC model consists of the contrast‐based DU generator and a 3D smoothing layer. The DU generator transforms contours (deformation, contraction, and/or expansion) as a function of image contrast. The generated contours undergo 3D smoothing to obtain a realistic look. After model building, the first batch of auto‐generated contours was reviewed. Editing feedback from the reviews was then used in a filtering model for the auto‐selection of clinically acceptable (minor‐editing) DU contours.

Results

Overall, C values of 5 and 50 consistently produced high proportions of minor‐editing contours across all ROI compared to the other C values (0.936 0.111 and 0.552 0.228, respectively). The model performed best on the bladder, which had the highest proportion of minor‐editing contours (0.606) of the three ROI. In addition, the classification AUC for the filtering model across all three ROI is 0.724 0.109.

Discussion

The proposed methodology and subsequent results are promising and could have a great impact on treatment planning by generating mathematically simulated alternative structures that are clinically relevant and realistic enough (i.e., similar to clinician‐drawn contours) to be used in quality control of radiation therapy.
Wear of Tailored Forming Steels
Authors: Coors Timm , Faqiri Yusuf , Saure Felix , Pape Florian , Hassel Thomas , Poll Gerhard
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the wear behavior of additively welded cladding layers on less wear‐resistant base materials using plasma‐transferred arc welding and laser hot‐wire cladding. The cladding layers are made from atomized AISI 52100, AISI 5140, and a stainless steel with (0.52 wt% C, 0.9 wt% Si, 14 wt% Cr, 0.4 wt% Mo, 1.8 wt% Ni, 1.2 wt% V, bal. Fe) on unalloyed steel AISI 1022M as the base material. The specimens' microstructure and surface hardness are comparable with conventional specimens of monolithic AISI 52100 and AISI 4140, which is used as a reference. Tribometer tests are carried out in ball‐on‐disk configuration to investigate the wear resistance of the specimen. The multimaterial specimens show comparable wear behavior to their monolithic counterparts, and a good performance of the stainless specimen in pure sliding is proven. These findings suggest that additive manufacturing processes can be used to clad less wear‐resistant base materials and achieve high wear resistance, making it possible to exploit the advantages of surface coatings under severe wear conditions.
Regulating the Metallic Cu–Ga Bond by S Vacancy for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4
Authors: Wang Junyan , Yang Chen , Mao Liang , Cai Xiaoyan , Geng Zikang , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Junying , Tan Xin , Ye Jinhua , Yu Tao
Published: April 2023

Artificial photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels, is a promising strategy to overcome both global warming and energy crisis. Herein, the geometric position of Cu and Ga on ultra‐thin CuGaS2/Ga2S3 is oriented via a sulfur defect engineering, and the unprecedented C2H4 yield selectivity is ≈93.87% and yield is ≈335.67 µmol g−1 h−1. A highly delocalized electron distribution intensity induced by S vacancy indicates that Cu and Ga adjacent to S vacancy form Cu–Ga metallic bond, which accelerates the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4. The stability of the crucial intermediates (*CHOHCO) is attributed to the upshift of the d‐band center of ultra‐thin CGS/GS. The C–C coupling barrier is intrinsically reduced by the dominant exposed Cu atoms on the 2D ultra‐thin CuGaS2/Ga2S3 in the process of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, which captures *CO molecules effectively. This study proposes a new strategy to design photocatalyst through defect engineering to adjust the selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Controllable Switching between Highly Rectifying Schottky and p–n Junctions in an Ionic MoS2 Device
Authors: Chang Ruiheng , Chen Qiao , Shen Wang , Zhang Youwei , Zhang Butian , Wang Shun
Published: April 2023

Semiconductor junctions are of great significance for the development of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, controllable switching is demonstrated from a Schottky junction to a p–n junction in a partially ionic liquid‐gated MoS2 device with two types of metal contacts. Excellent rectification behavior with a current on‐off ratio exceeding 106 is achieved in both Schottky and p–n junction modes. The formation of Schottky junction at the Pd electrode/MoS2 contact and p–n junction at the p‐MoS2/n‐MoS2 interface is revealed by spatially resolved photocurrent mappings. The switching between the two junctions under ionic gate modulation is correlated with the evolution of the energy band, further validated by the finite element simulation. The device exhibits excellent photodetection properties in the p–n junction mode, including an open circuit voltage up to 0.84 V, a responsivity of 0.24 A W−1, a specific detectivity of 1.7 × 1011 Jones, a response time of hundreds of microseconds and a linear dynamic range of up to 91 dB. The electric field control of such high‐performance Schottky and p–n junctions opens up fresh perspectives for studying the behavior of junction and the development of 2D electronic devices.
Coal‐Based Carbon Nanomaterials: En Route to Clean Coal Conversion toward Net Zero CO2
Authors: Du Mingjin , Advincula Paul A. , Ding Xiangdong , Tour James M. , Xiang Changsheng
Published: April 2023

As the world is committed to reach carbon peak by 2030 and net zero by 2050, the use of coal as an energy source is facing unprecedented challenges. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global annual coal demand is estimated to drop from more than 5640 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) in 2021 to 540 Mtce in 2050 under the net zero emission scenario, mostly being replaced by renewable energy such as solar and wind. Therefore, the coal industry is vigorously seeking alternative applications to keep it thriving, and nanotechnology can be one of the contributors. Herein, the challenges to coal‐based carbon nanomaterials syntheses are outlined, along with a path toward commercialization. Coal‐based carbon nanomaterials can be promising contributors to the concept of clean coal conversion, initiating its migration from an energy source to a high‐value‐added carbon source.
A Wearable Healthcare Platform Integrated with Biomimetical Ions Conducted Metal–Organic Framework Composites for Gas and Strain Sensing in Non‐Overlapping Mode
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Geng Zixun , Yang Long , Shen Bo , Kan Zitong , Qi Yu , Hu Songtao , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Xu Lin , Song Hongwei , Ren Luquan
Published: April 2023

Intelligent wearable devices are essential for telemedicine healthcare as they enable real‐time monitoring of physiological information. Elaborately constructing synapse‐inspired materials provides a crucial guidance for designing high‐performance sensors toward multiplex stimuli response. However, a realistic mimesis both in the “structure and sense” of biological synapses to obtain advanced multi‐functions is still challenging but essential for simplifying subsequent circuit and logic programs. Herein, an ionic artificial synapse integrated with Ti3CNTx nanosheets in situ grown with zeolitic imidazolate framework flowers (ZIF‐L@Ti3CNTx composite) is constructed to concurrently mimic the structure and working mechanism of the synapse. The flexible sensor of the bio‐inspired ZIF‐L@Ti3CNTx composite exhibits excellent dual‐mode dimethylamine (DMA) and strain‐sensitive response with non‐overlapping resistance variations. The specific ions conduction working principle triggered by DMA gas or strain with the assistance of humidity is confirmed by the density functional theory simulation. Last, an intelligent wearable system is self‐developed by integrating the dual‐mode sensor into flexible printed circuits. This device is successfully applied in pluralistic monitoring of abnormal physiological signals of Parkinson's sufferers, including real‐time and accurate assessment of simulated DMA expiration and kinematic tremor signals. This work provides a feasible routine to develop intelligent multifunctional devices for upsurging telemedicine diagnosis.
3D‐Printed Functional Hydrogel by DNA‐Induced Biomineralization for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Kim Nahyun , Lee Hyun , Han Ginam , Kang Minho , Park Sinwoo , Kim Dong Eung , Lee Minyoung , Kim Moon‐Jo , Na Yuhyun , Oh SeKwon , Bang Seo‐Jun , Jang Tae‐Sik , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Park Jungwon , Shin Su Ryon , Jung Hyun‐Do
Published: April 2023

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients are challenging because their prolonged inflammation makes healing difficult, thus burdening patients, society, and health care systems. Customized dressing materials are needed to effectively treat such wounds that vary in shape and depth. The continuous development of 3D‐printing technology along with artificial intelligence has increased the precision, versatility, and compatibility of various materials, thus providing the considerable potential to meet the abovementioned needs. Herein, functional 3D‐printing inks comprising DNA from salmon sperm and DNA‐induced biosilica inspired by marine sponges, are developed for the machine learning‐based 3D‐printing of wound dressings. The DNA and biomineralized silica are incorporated into hydrogel inks in a fast, facile manner. The 3D‐printed wound dressing thus generates provided appropriate porosity, characterized by effective exudate and blood absorption at wound sites, and mechanical tunability indicated by good shape fidelity and printability during optimized 3D printing. Moreover, the DNA and biomineralized silica act as nanotherapeutics, enhancing the biological activity of the dressings in terms of reactive oxygen species scavenging, angiogenesis, and anti‐inflammation activity, thereby accelerating acute and diabetic wound healing. These bioinspired 3D‐printed hydrogels produce using a DNA‐induced biomineralization strategy are an excellent functional platform for clinical applications in acute and chronic wound repair.
Construction of Co3O4/ZnO Heterojunctions in Hollow N‐Doped Carbon Nanocages as Microreactors for Lithium–Sulfur Full Batteries
Authors: Wang Biao , Ren Yilun , Zhu Yuelei , Chen Shaowei , Chang Shaozhong , Zhou Xiaoya , Wang Peng , Sun Hao , Meng Xiangkang , Tang Shaochun
Published: April 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising alternatives of conventional Li‐ion batteries attributed to their remarkable energy densities and high sustainability. However, the practical applications of Li–S batteries are hindered by the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) on cathode and the Li dendrite formation on anode, which together leads to inferior rate capability and cycling stability. Here, an advanced N‐doped carbon microreactors embedded with abundant Co3O4/ZnO heterojunctions (CZO/HNC) are designed as dual‐functional hosts for synergistic optimization of both S cathode and Li metal anode. Electrochemical characterization and theoretical calculations confirm that CZO/HNC exhibits an optimized band structure that effectively facilitates ion diffusion and promotes bidirectional LiPSs conversion. In addition, the lithiophilic nitrogen dopants and Co3O4/ZnO sites together regulate dendrite‐free Li deposition. The S@CZO/HNC cathode exhibits excellent cycling stability at 2 C with only 0.039% capacity fading per cycle over 1400 cycles, and the symmetrical Li@CZO/HNC cell enables stable Li plating/striping behavior for 400 h. Remarkably, Li‐S full cell using CZO/HNC as both cathode and anode hosts shows an impressive cycle life of over 1000 cycles. This work provides an exemplification of designing high‐performance heterojunctions for simultaneous protection of two electrodes, and will inspire the applications of practical Li–S batteries.
Designing Ionic Conductive Elastomers Using Hydrophobic Networks and Hydrophilic Salt Hydrates with Improved Stability in Air
Authors: Yiming Burebi , Zhang Zhaoxin , Ali Nasir , Lu Yuchen , Qu Shaoxing , Zhu Shuze , Creton Costantino , Jia Zheng
Published: April 2023

Existing soft ionic conductors fall into two distinct categories: liquid‐rich ionic conductors containing large amounts of liquid electrolytes (≈70–90 wt.% water for hydrogels and ≈20–80 wt.% ionic liquids for ionogels), and liquid‐free ionic conductors that do not contain liquid components (e.g., ionic conductive elastomers). However, they are often plagued by dehydration, leakage of toxic ionic liquids, and air aging. Here, using hydrophobic polymer networks and hydrophilic salt hydrates, ionic conductive elastomers (s‐ICEs for short) containing only a tiny amount of bound water (≈1–5 wt.% are synthesized). Thanks to the small embedded water content, the s‐ICEs are advantageous over liquid‐rich ionic conductors in terms of enhanced mechanical/electrical stabilities and safety; they also outperform previously reported liquid‐free ionic conductors by avoiding air‐aging issues. The s‐ICEs introduced here also show excellent stretchability, good elasticity, high fracture resistance, desirable optical transparency and ionic conductivity, which are comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art liquid‐rich and liquid‐free ionic conductors. With all the above advantages, the s‐ICE represents an ideal material for practical applications of soft ionotronics in ambient conditions.
Carboxysome‐Inspired Electrocatalysis using Enzymes for the Reduction of CO2 at Low Concentrations**
Authors: Cobb Samuel J. , Dharani Azim M. , Oliveira Ana Rita , Pereira Inês A. C. , Reisner Erwin
Published: April 2023

The electrolysis of dilute CO2 streams suffers from low concentrations of dissolved substrate and its rapid depletion at the electrolyte‐electrocatalyst interface. These limitations require first energy‐intensive CO2 capture and concentration, before electrolyzers can achieve acceptable performances. For direct electrocatalytic CO2 reduction from low‐concentration sources, we introduce a strategy that mimics the carboxysome in cyanobacteria by utilizing microcompartments with nanoconfined enzymes in a porous electrode. A carbonic anhydrase accelerates CO2 hydration kinetics and minimizes substrate depletion by making all dissolved carbon available for utilization, while a highly efficient formate dehydrogenase reduces CO2 cleanly to formate; down to even atmospheric concentrations of CO2. This bio‐inspired concept demonstrates that the carboxysome provides a viable blueprint for the reduction of low‐concentration CO2 streams to chemicals by using all forms of dissolved carbon.
Areca nut and smokeless tobacco exposure induces micronucleus, other nuclear abnormalities and cytotoxicity in early chick embryo
Authors: Mandal Abhijit , Talukdar Doli , Das Aparajita , Giri Anirudha , Barhoi Dharmeswar , Giri Sarbani
Published: April 2023

Areca nut (AN) and smokeless tobacco (SLT) are indiscriminately consumed among the populations of Southeast and South Asian countries, even by women during the gestational period. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of AN and Sadagura (SG), a unique homemade SLT preparation, alone and in combination in early chick embryos. Fertile white leghorn chicken eggs were randomly divided into five treatment groups: vehicle control, positive control (Mitomycin C, 20 μg/egg), AN, SG, and AN+SG. AN, SG, and AN+SG were given at dosages of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/egg. The hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET‐MN) was performed in chick embryos to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the test agents. Furthermore, the cytotoxic potential was assessed by studying erythroblast cell populations and the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) ratio. Our results indicated a significant increase (p < .001) in MN frequency and other nuclear abnormalities, suggesting the potential of AN and SG to cause genotoxicity. Also, AN and SG exposure alone and in combination considerably altered the erythroblast cell population (%) and the PCE to NCE ratio in all the treatment periods. Our findings established the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of both AN and SG alone and in combination during early embryonic development in the chick embryo.
Engineering an efficient whole‐cell catalyst for d‐allulose production from glycerol
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhao Anqi , Qu Lingbo , Xiong Wenlong , Alam Md. Asraful , Miao Jixing , Wang Weigao , Xu Jingliang , Lv Yongkun
Published: April 2023

d‐Allulose has many health‐benefiting properties and therefore sustainably applied in food, pharmaceutical, and nutrition industries. The aldol reaction‐based route is a very promising alternative to Izumoring strategy in d‐allulose production. Remarkable studies reported in the past cannot get rid of by‐product formation and costly purified enzyme usage. In the present study, we explored the glycerol assimilation by modularly assembling the d‐allulose synthetic cascade in Escherichia coli envelop. We achieved an efficient whole‐cell catalyst that produces only d‐allulose from cheap glycerol feedstock, eliminating the involvement of purified enzymes. Detailed process optimization improved the d‐allulose titer by 1500.00%. Finally, the production was validated in 3‐L scale using a 5‐L fermenter, and 5.67 g L−1 d‐allulose was produced with a molar yield of 31.43%.
DSM‐5‐TR diagnosis as a guide to suicide risk assessment
Authors: Felthous Alan R. , Kulkarni Neha , Belean Catalina
Published: April 2023

A specific mental disorder can itself constitute a risk factor for a completed suicide. Even more important, the disorder is typically a modifiable risk factor which informs its own treatment. Recent editions of the DSM have included “suicide subsections” for specific mental disorders and conditions in which the risks of suicidal thoughts and behaviors for the disorder are noted in the literature. The DSM‐5‐TR can therefore serve as a compendium to be referred to for initial guidance as to whether a specific disorder could contribute to the risk. Adding completed suicides and suicide attempts, also addressed in these subsections, the sections were examined individually for the four parameters of suicidality. Accordingly, the four parameters of suicidality examined here are: suicide, suicidal thoughts, suicidal behavior, and suicide attempts. After providing interpretive comments for each, the parameters for all disorders with a suicide subsection were tabulated for ease of reference. Because specific medical disorders are also associated with elevated rates of suicide, these disorders and the supporting research are tabulated and briefly acknowledged. Allowing for the limitations of the suicide subsections and their analysis, this exegesis is proposed to contribute to training in risk assessment for forensic psychiatry and psychology fellows and to highlight the potential referential value of the DSM‐5‐TR's suicide subsections for clinical practitioners and those who pursue research on suicide.
Light Chain Q166C Mutation Permits One‐step Site Specific Conjugation on Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Li Mingying , Song Chunyu , Li Jiayun , Min Junting , Cao Lei , Wang Lin , Ma Ningning
Published: April 2023

Engineered cysteines are frequently used for site‐specific conjugation in antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) development. When cysteine‐engineered mAbs are produced in the cell culture process, the sulfhydryl groups on the engineered cysteines are mostly in an oxidized form. The oxidized cysteines require multiple steps (such as reduction, reoxidation, and buffer exchanges) to reactivate for bioconjugation, which complicates the ADC production process and reduces yields. In this study, we identified a Q166C mutation in the light chain that allows the presence of free sulfhydryl groups during cell culture and purification process. This mutation is in the constant region and away from sites involved in antigen binding or Fc‐mediated functions. The free sulfhydryl reacts readily with maleimide in a mild solution at a high conjugation rate. This is only the second such site reported (the first one is Q124C in the light chain). Using the Q166C mutation, we conjugated an anti‐angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) peptide on bevacizumab, an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, to construct a peptide antibody conjugate, Ava‐Plus, which could block two pro‐angiogenic factors simultaneously. Ava‐Plus showed high affinity for both VEGF and Ang‐2 and demonstrated higher activity than bevacizumab in in vitro cell migration and in vivo mouse xenograft models.
Pan‐cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of HNRNPR in human tumors
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Jun‐Die , Xiang Zuo‐Lin
Published: April 2023

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are potential cancer biomarkers. Little is known about the role of HNRNPR, an essential member of the hnRNP family, in human tumours. This study aims to explore the potential value of HNRNPR across cancers, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The expression level, mutation, DNA methylation, phosphorylation status, survival status, pathological stage, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune cell infiltration, and immune signature related to HNRNPR were analyzed. HNRNPR expression level was increased in several types of cancer and was associated with poor prognosis, especially in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). HNRNPR was also correlated with antitumour immunity, and associated with TMB, MSI, and immune cell activation status across cancers. Furthermore, nomograms were established to predict the prognosis of LIHC, based on HNRNPR and other clinical characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis showed the mechanisms of HNRNPR‐mediated LIHC progression. Loss‐of‐function experiments demonstrated that inhibition of HNRNPR could remarkably suppress hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition abilities. Our study offers a comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic roles of HNRNPR across different tumours, and demonstrates that HNRNPR might foster the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HCC cells.
A N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Supported Zinc Catalyst for the 1,2‐Regioselective Hydroboration of N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Mondal Sumana , Singh Tejender , Baguli Sudip , Ghosh Soumya , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: April 2023

A fluorenyl‐tethered N‐heterocyclic carbene LH (LH=[(Flu)H−(CH2)2−NHCDipp]) and its monoanionic version L− are explored in complexation with zinc towards the hydroboration of N‐heteroarenes, carbonyl, ester, amide, and nitrile under ambient condition. The N‐heteroarenes exhibit high 1,2‐regioselectivity which is justified by computational analyses. The relative hydroboration rates of differently p‐substituted (electron donating vs. withdrawing) pyridines are also addressed. The monodentate LH offers a better catalytic activity than the chelating L− for steric reasons despite both giving three‐coordinate zinc complexes. The mechanism involves a Zn−H species at the heart of these catalytic processes which is trapped by Ph2CO. Computational studies suggest that the barrier to form the hydride complex is comparable to the barrier required for the following hydride transfer to pyridine.
Four‐Membered Bimetallic Carbon Complex [(M(η5‐C5(CH3)5))2(μ‐NPh)(μ‐C)] (M=Fe, Ru, Os) – An Ambiphilic Carbene with Lone Pair and σ‐Hole Reactivity
Authors: Parvathy Parameswaran , Parameswaran Pattiyil
Published: April 2023

Singlet carbenes are extensively studied compounds capable of electrophilic, nucleophilic or ambiphilic behaviour. The ambiphilic reactivity of singlet carbenes has been conventionally observed in orthogonal planes. Here, we report a detailed bonding and reactivity study of a homobimetallic carbon complex [(MCp*)2(μ‐NPh)(μ‐C)] (1M, M=Fe, Ru, Os) that shows ambiphilicity in the same direction. The structure of this complex can be considered as two fused three‐membered M−C−M and M−N−M rings. The bonding analysis suggests that these 17 valence electron homobimetallic complexes have one formal M−M bond with a bridging carbene centre featuring a high‐lying spn‐hybridised lone pair. Accordingly, the carbene centre shows high proton affinity and act as a good 2e− donor to Lewis acids and transition metal fragment. Apart from the transition metal non‐bonding electrons, the π‐framework of M−C−M and M−N−M arms can be best described as 3c–2e− bonds. The two transition metals in the four‐membered skeleton generate many low‐lying, virtual orbitals. These low‐lying virtual orbitals induce electron excitation from the spn‐hybrid orbital in presence of H− and other 2e− donor ligands such as PMe3, NHC and CO. Hence, the spn‐hybrid lone pair orbital shows σ‐hole reactivity in presence of Lewis bases.