bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequential Augmented Assembly of Interlocking Timber Elements for Circular Wood Construction
Authors: Zahiri Nima
Published: August 2024

Development of new timber construction techniques has mainly focused on the hybridization of wood with other materials to improve the bearing capacity through integration with steel plates and fasteners. The advantages of embodied carbon in wood constructions are often threatened by
the burning demolishing process, e. g., if the wood is incinerated at the end of buildings' life. To remedy this, reduction in joint complexity increases the reusability of building components such as beams, as in our case short linear timber element, for disassembly. To do so, a functioning
demonstrator reflects on how innovative structures are realized through synthesizing of interlocking joinery, and how augmented-reality assembly could enable the circular economy in wood. Nevertheless, the structural applications of timber construction are ever expanding, and it is of the
utmost importance to broaden this essential dimension of industry and develop novel and acquisitive value-added design with high-performance application. We employ a design-fabrication-construction strategy to fill the gap between designers or engineers with local practitioners and advance
wood machinery. This leads us to a certain knowledge on digitalized process and fabrication before being deployed in non-experimental and industrial applications.
Synthesis of Carbon Dots Extracted from Black Mulberry Fruits for Photocatalytic Degradation
Authors: Etefa H.F. , Dejene FB
Published: August 2024

The utilization of black mulberry fruit as a precursor for C-dot synthesis represents a novel ap-proach to biosynthesizing C-dots. Through the implementation of a hydrothermal autoclave, we successfully produced C-dots using the fruit extract. This environmentally conscious and sustain-able method of synthesis presents a promising avenue for C-dot production. Our findings demon-strate the remarkable photocatalytic activity of the C-dots, as evidenced by their effective degra-dation of pollutants under visible light irradiation. This discovery holds significant implications for addressing water contamination issues and promoting environmental remediation efforts. Fur-thermore, we conducted a thorough investigation to determine the optimal doping concentration of C-dots, ultimately identifying 0.2 M as the ideal concentration. At this specific concentration, the photo catalytic degradation of pollutants reached an impressive rate of 95.8%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the increased electron trapping resulting from the presence of additional surface sites and the absorption of different wavelengths of light. In sum-mary, this research contributes to the sustainable synthesis of carbon dots using black mulberry fruits as a precursor, while also providing a comprehensive analysis of their optical and photo-catalytic properties.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Renal Artery Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Simultaneous Coronary and Renal Artery Angiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 31,689 Patients from 31 Study
Authors: Schwarz Konstantin , Straume Bah Ida , Will Maximilian , Kwok Chun Shing , Mascherbauer Julia , Kumric Marko , Bozic Josko , Borovac Josip Andelo
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: RAS is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), exacerbation of arterial hypertension and progression to heart failure, but remains frequently unrecognised in clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies by pooling data of patients undergoing CAG due to suspected or stable CAD that received a bilateral renal artery angiography; Results: A total of 31 studies with 31,689 patients were included (mean age 63.2±8.7 years, 20.9% were female). Overall, 13.4% (95%CI 10.5-16.7%) of patients undergoing coronary angiography had significant RAS, with 6.5% (95% CI 4.5-8.9%) and 3.7% (95%CI 2.5-5.2%) having severe and bilateral RAS. The mean weighted proportion of patients with 3-vessel coronary disease (3VD) was 25.1 (95%CI 19.6-30.9%) while 4.2% (95%CI 2.6-6.2%) had leftmain (LM) coronary disease. Patients with RAS compared to those without RAS were significantly older (mean difference - MD 4.2 years, (95%CI 3.8-4.6). The relative risk of RAS was greater for the female sex (risk ratio, 95%CI; RR 1.3, 1.03-1.57), presence of diabetes (RR 1.2, 1.10-1.36), arterial hypertension (RR 1.3, 1.21-1.46), dyslipidemia (RR 1.1, 1.06-1.14), peripheral artery disease-PAD (RR 2.1, 1.40-3.16), chronic kidney disease-CKD (RR 2.6, 2.04-3.37), 3VD (RR 1.6, 1.30-1.87), and LM disease (RR 1.8, 1.28-2.47). Smoking had a neutral effect on the risk of RAS occurrence (RR 1.0, 0.94-1.06); Conclusions: RAS is common in patients undergoing coronary angiography. CKD, PAD, older age, and severe CAD were among the strongest predictors for the presence of significant RAS.
Optimizing Mechanical and Electrical Performance of SWCNTs/Fe3O4 Epoxy Nanocomposites: The Role of Filler Concentration and Alignment
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Yaqoob Saba , Schiavo Alessandro Lo , D'Amore Alberto
Published: August 2024

The demand for polymer composites with improved mechanical and electrical properties is crucial for advanced aerospace, electronics, and energy storage applications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles are key fillers that enhance these properties, yet challenges like orientation, uniform dispersion, and agglomeration must be addressed to realize their full potential. This study focuses on developing SWCNTs/Fe₃O₄ epoxy composites by keeping the SWCNT concentration constant at 0.03 Vol.% and varying Fe₃O₄ concentrations at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 Vol.% with two different configurations: randomly orientated (R-) and magnetic field-assisted horizontally aligned (A-) SWCNTs/Fe3O4 epoxy composites and investigates the effects of filler concentration, dispersion, and magnetic alignment on the mechanical and electrical properties. The research reveals that both composite configurations achieve an optimal mechanical performance at 0.5 Vol.% Fe₃O₄, while A- SWCNTs/Fe3O4 epoxy composites outperformed at all concentrations. However, at 1 Vol.% Fe₃O₄, mechanical properties decline due to nanoparticle agglomeration, which disrupts stress distribution. In contrast, electrical conductivity peaks at 1 Vol.% Fe₃O₄, indicating that the higher density of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles enhances the conductive network despite the mechanical losses. This study highlights the need for precise control over filler content and alignment to optimize mechanical strength and electrical conductivity in SWCNTs/Fe₃O₄ epoxy nanocomposites.
High-Flow Oscillatory Ventilation in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Scollo Stefano , La Via Luigi , Pavone Piero , Piastra Marco , Conti Giorgio , Minardi Carmelo
Published: August 2024

High-flow oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a common rescue treatment in infants and children with respiratory failure. This type of ventilation is an effective technique in numerous diseases that affect a child in the postnatal period, such as ARDS, meconium aspiration syndrome (MIS), postnatal pulmonary bleeding and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPH). Although this ventilation technique is commonly recognized as a valuable therapeutic option in the general pediatric population, this is not the same for children with congenital cardiovascular diseases. The key mechanism of oscillatory ventilation is continuous positive pressure administered within the airways via a small tidal volume at high frequency. Tidal volumes are between 1 and 3 ml/kg delivered at 5 – 15 Hz equivalent to 300 – 900 breaths per minute. Few older studies conducted on humans and animals highlight that HFOV may be dangerous for congenital heart patients. According to these evidences, hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure, wedge pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate and inotrope level can be dangerously changed for patients with congenital heart disease, therefore oscillatory ventilation should be avoided. Numerous retrospective studies have pointed out how oscillatory ventilation constitutes a valid therapeutic option in children with congenital heart disease. Recently, new evidences have highlighted how hemodynamic parameters are modified in a non-significant way by this type of ventilation, remaining beneficial as in the normal pediatric population. This narrative review aims to describe the mechanisms of oscillatory ventilation and collect all the available evidences to support its use in pediatric patients with congenital heart problems.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analyses Reveal Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Phenolic compounds from Antiaris Africana against Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fosu Kwadwo , Anyomi Bright Kwaku Kwaku , Ngowi Ebenezeri Erasto , Amon Justum Nii Kotei , Sakyiamah Maxwell Mamfe , Wei Jianshe
Published: August 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. Traditional treatments primarily manage symptoms rather than address the disease's root causes, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Natural phytochemicals, particularly phenolic compounds, have shown potential due to their neuroprotective effects. Antiaris africana is commonly used in traditional African medicines to treat several illnesses including neurodegenerative disorders. However, its neuroprotective mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to employ network pharmacology-based prediction to identify key targets and pathways through which A. africana exerts its effects on PD. Targets associated with Parkinsonism were identified and analyzed for interaction with compounds from A. africana. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, and key hub genes were identified using Cytoscape. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted significant pathways involved in PD. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinities of the compounds to PD-related targets. Our results reveal that compounds such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin, gallic acid, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and rutin interact with key proteins implicated in PD, including APP, EGFR, CASP3, ESR1, AKT1, and MAPK8. Notably, rutin exhibited strong binding affinity for EGFR, and chlorogenic acid showed potential in modulating the APP pathway. These findings suggest that phenolic compounds in A. africana may exert neuroprotective effects through multiple molecular mechanisms, offering potential therapeutic strategies for PD. This study underscores the importance of integrating molecular docking and network pharmacology to elucidate the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in complex diseases like Parkinson's disease
Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Expert Systems for the Mining Industry: Literature Review of Modern Methods and Technologies
Authors: Mutovina Natalya , Nurtay Margulan , Kalinin Alexey , Tomilov Aleksandr , Tomilova Nadezhda
Published: August 2024

The Mining Industry has changed significantly in recent decades with the introduction of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). These innovations contribute to the creation of expert systems that help in optimizing processes, increasing the safety and sustainability of operations. This article is a literature review of modern AI and ML methods and technologies used in the Mining Industry. Discusses various intelligent and expert systems used to improve productivity, reduce operating costs, improve occupational safety, environmental sustainability, machine automation, predictive analytics, quality monitoring and control, and inventory and logistics management. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are analyzed, as well as their potential impact on the future of the Mining Industry. The review highlights the importance of integrating AI and ML into mining processes to achieve more efficient and safer solutions.
Prognostic Index for Liver Radiation (PILiR)
Authors: Callan Laura , Razeghi Haddis , Grindrod Natalie , Gaede Stewart , Wong Eugene , Tan David , Vickress Jason , Patrick John , Lock Michael
Published: August 2024

A Clinical Prognostic Index (CPI) for improved patient selection for stereotactic liver-directed radiotherapy (SBRT) was developed. Using a large single-center database, 195 patients treated with SBRT for local control, including 66 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 129 with metastatic liver disease, were analyzed. Only patients ineligible for alternative treatments were included. Overall survival was 11.9 months and 9.4 months in the HCC group and metastatic groups, respectively. In the combined dataset, Child-Pugh Score (CPS) (p=0.002), serum albumin (p=0.039) and presence of extrahepatic disease (p=0.012) were significant predictors of early death on multivariable analysis and were included in the CPI (total score 0 to 5). Median survival was 23.8, 9.1, 4.5 and 2.6 months for patients with 0, 1-2, 3 and 4-5 points, respectively. In the HCC dataset, CPS (p<0.001) and gross tumor volume (p=0.013) were predictive of early death. In the metastatic dataset, serum albumin (p<0.001) and primary disease site (p=0.003) were predictive of early death. The AUC for the combined, HCC, and metastatic datasets are 0.78, 0.84, 0.80 respectively. Poor liver function (defined by CPS and serum albumin) and extrahepatic disease were most predictive of early death, providing clinically important expected survival information for patients and caregivers.
The Attention Economy: How Social Media Influencers Are Redefining Marketing Engagement
Authors: Czaja Marianna , Dzik-Walczak Aneta , Kopczewski Tomasz , Urban Bartosz
Published: August 2024

Our study is part of the ongoing discussion concerning influencer marketing as there seems to have been a shift and social media marketing is bigger than ever. Social media outlets are excellent vehicles for fostering relationships with consumers who can be susceptible to influencer advertising. Therefore, companies now pay for posts on users’ profiles to generate popularity for products. How this approach affects consumers’ buying behavior is an interesting research question. We reference Herbert Simon’s economics of attention as an appropriate theoretical construct for describing the reality of the internet. Based on unique survey data from 513 Polish respondents, the study applies econometric methods and supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques to identify the primary consumer groups with different characteristics of engagement and sensitivity to influencer activities, revealing the possible drivers of purchase intent. The findings provide valuable insights into consumers’ informational preferences, demonstrating how social media influencers may attract attention and drive sales.
Advancements in Facial Recognition for Automated Attendance
Management: A Comprehensive OpenCV-based Approach
Authors: JAGLI DHANAMMA SHANKAR , Nakirekanti Laxmi , Dhanikonda Srinivasarao India , Nalla Subhashchandra , Theakadayi Leon Mathew
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Abstract: In the present era, there is no longer a necessity to rely on outdated and
laborious methods for attendance management in the field of education. Managing attendance
for large groups of students in a classroom can be a challenging and time-consuming task when
it comes to recording data. Fortunately, modern technologies offer us the opportunity to
streamline attendance management and make it more efficient. One effective approach is
Real-Time Face Recognition, which simplifies the process of tracking attendance for numerous
students daily. We employ the Haar cascade classifier to identify positive and negative facial
attributes, along with the LBPH algorithm for accurate face recognition. These techniques are
implemented using Python programming language and the OpenCV library while
incorporating a user-friendly Tkinter GUI (Graphical User Interface) for seamless usability. By
embracing these advancements, we can revolutionize how attendance is managed in
educational environments.
Investigating the Epigenetic Landscape of Major Depressive Disorder: A Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of DNA Methylation Data, including New Insights into Stochastic Epigenetic Muta-Tions and Epivariations
Authors: Baldrighi Giulia Nicole , Cavagnola Rebecca , Calzari Luciano , Sacco Davide , Costantino Lucy , Ferrara Fulvio , Gentilini Davide
Published: August 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition with substantial social and economic consequences. This study focuses on the interplay between genetic and environmen-tal factors in MDD, with particular emphasis on epigenetic mechanisms such as stochastic epige-netic mutations (SEMs), epigenetic age acceleration, and epigenetic drift. We conducted a meta-analysis of DNA methylation patterns across six datasets (n=1125 MDD cases, 398 controls in whole blood; n=95 MDD cases, 96 controls in brain tissues) from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The analysis did not reveal significant global methylation differences between MDD cases and controls. However, a brain-specific probe (cg25801113) near the SHF gene consistently exhibited hypomethylation, suggesting its potential relevance to MDD. SEMs were assessed, revealing a dis-tinct burden at the gene level in MDD cases, though no significant findings emerged for epigenetic age acceleration, indicating it may not play a central role in MDD. The study also identified rare epivariations in specific genes unique to MDD cases. In blood tissue, 51 genes were associated with these unique epivariations, while 1 gene was highlighted in the brain tissue. These results un-derscore the importance of exploring rare epivariations in understanding the molecular mecha-nisms underlying MDD and offer potential targets for further investigation.
Modeling of Tensile Stress Distribution Considering Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties of Thin‐Walled AlSi10Mg Samples Obtained by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey N. , Nikitin Nikita Yu. , Frolov Aleksander , Shapovalov Petr , Medeltsev Anton , Voronov Mikhail , Khmyrov Roman , Idarmachev Idarmach , Peretyagin Pavel
Published: August 2024

In the presented work, on the example of thin-walled specimens made by selective laser melting technology from AlSi10Mg subjected to preliminary heat treatment, it is shown that there is a critical point of transition from the elastic-plastic region of the engineering stress-strain diagram to the yield and fracture stresses. It was found that the critical point has a strong statistically significant correlation (0.83 by Spearman and 0.93 by Pearson) with the strain hardening coeffi-cient calculated in the section from yield strength to fracture strength. A regression equation linking the critical transition point to the strain hardening coefficient was obtained.
It is shown that with increasing plasticity of thin-walled samples obtained by selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg leads to a change in the type of stress distribution in the elastic-plastic region (the Weibull distribution changes to a normal distribution) and the contribution of the probability density of stress distribution described by the Cauchy distribution with a mode near the fracture stress to the full probability density of fracture increases.
Impact of the Use of High-power Wind Turbines on the Efficiency and Sustainability of Wind-powered Water Pumping Systems: Application to Small Towns in the Bodélé Triangle Area of Chad
Authors: Oung-Zetna Fia , Laleko Benjamin , Doka Baza Gilbert , Djongyang Noel , Bangoup Ntegmi Ghislain Junior , Mounkang Osée
Published: August 2024

Study assessed the wind potential of three sites in Chad: Koro Toro, Salal and Nedeley. Analysis of the Weibull distribution curves reveals marked seasonal variability in wind speed, concentrated around the mean. Three models of high-power wind turbines were analyzed. At Koro Toro, the Siemens Gamesa SG 14-222 DD has a capacity factor of between 0.52 and 0.682, allowing a daily flow of pumped water of between 1.4 and 6.1 million m³. The Enercon E-126 EP4 performs slightly less well. At Salal, the Siemens Gamesa has a capacity factor of between 0.4463 and 0.6605, with a water flow rate of between 0.9 and 3.7 million m³/day. The Vestas V164-10.0 MW has a higher capacity factor (0.6327 to 0.8115) but a lower water flow rate (0.5 to 1.9 million m³/day). Enercon's performance is comparable to that of Siemens Gamesa. The Nedeley study reveals favorable conditions, with seasonal variations in wind speed and capacity factor indicating good wind potential, and maximum daily water flows of between 3 and 6 million m³. Analysis of the wind roses shows interesting potential in these towns, with a dominant east-north-easterly wind at maximum frequencies of 40%. The absence of calm winds is promising, although Nedeley and Salal have a residual presence. This study shows that the sites offer good wind potential This, enabling the production of electricity and heat.
The Role of ctDNA and Liquid Biopsy in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Head and Neck Cancer: Towards Precision Medicine
Authors: Nassar Sami I. , Suk Amber , Nguyen Shaun A. , Adilbay Dauren , Pang John , Nathan Cherie-Ann O.
Published: August 2024

Recent data has shown a continued rise in the worldwide annual incidence and mortality rates of head and neck cancers. The present standard for diagnosis and monitoring for disease recurrence or progression involves clinical examination, imaging, and invasive biopsy techniques of lesions suspected of being malignant. In addition to limitations relating to cost, time, and patient discomfort, these methodologies have inherent inaccuracies for detecting recurrence. In view of these limitations, the analysis of patient bodily fluid samples via liquid biopsy proposes a cost-effective and convenient alternative, which provides insight on the biogenetic and biomolecular underpinnings of oncologic disease processes. Liquid biopsy’s monitoring for biomarkers of head and neck cancer, including circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and circulating cell-free RNA, has shown clinical utility in the screening, diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of patients with various forms of head and neck cancer. The present review will provide an update on the current literature examining the use of liquid biopsy in head and neck cancer care and the clinical applicability of potential biomarkers, with a focus on viral and non-viral circulating tumor DNA. Possible future avenues for research to address specific shortcomings of liquid biopsy will be discussed.
Comparison of Chest Ct Findings and Pulmonary Function Tests in Non-symptomatic Children with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Prountzos Spyridon , Chiotopoulou Kyveli , Kourtesi Katerina , Sapountzi Evdoxia , Moriki Dafni , Kartsiouni Elpiniki , Alexopoulou Efthymia , Douros Konstantinos , Fotis Lampros
Published: August 2024

Lung involvement in rheumatic diseases is a major determinant of patient morbidity and mortality; however, its diagnosis depends on the detection methods used. We compared the incidence of pulmonary involvement in newly diagnosed treatment-naive patients with rheumatic diseases, as assessed by pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). This retrospective study reviewed the symptoms, spirometry results, and HRCT scans of 22 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients and age-matched controls from the University General Hospital “Attikon”, Athens, Greece, between January 2021 and December 2023. Correlations between clinical findings and spirometry parameters were tested. HRCT scans revealed lung abnormalities in all patients, including peribronchial wall thickening (61.5%), ground glass opacities (59.1%), parenchymal bands (54.5%), air-trapping (50%), reticular patterns (45.5%), bronchiectatic changes (40.9%), and parenchymal opacities (31.8%). PFTs, performed in 17/22 (77.3%) patients, revealed definite pathology in 5 patients (restrictive: N=4; obstructive: N=1). No association was found between spirometric indices and clinical parameters. The results indicate a higher prevalence of abnormal chest CT than of PFT abnormalities, suggesting that HRCT is more sensitive in detecting early lung involvement in pediatric patients with rheumatic disease and should be considered in the routine evaluation of these patients.
Trazando el camino democrático: breve historia de las instituciones electorales distritales en México
Authors: Bolio Ortiz Juan Pablo
Published: August 2024

Las instituciones electorales en México han atravesado un viaje tumultuoso a lo largo de su historia, lo que refleja la lucha constante por la democracia y la justicia electoral en el país. Este artículo analiza el desarrollo de las mismas desde el siglo XIX hasta las reformas del siglo XXI. El objetivo es analizar su evolución identificando los cambios más significativos y los retos actuales. Con base en una metodología de historia jurídica, se examinan normas, leyes y decretos relevantes, y se consideran los contextos políticos y sociales de cada época. Los resultados destacan las transformaciones significativas en el diseño y las funciones de las instituciones electorales, así como los desafíos persistentes, como la influencia del crimen organizado y la desigualdad en el acceso a la participación política. La conclusión subraya la necesidad de reformas continuas para fortalecer la integridad y legitimidad de los procesos electorales en México.
Community Organizations, Local Health Equity Action Teams, and a Learning Collaborative to Address COVID-19 Disparities in Urban and Rural Communities
Authors: Ellerbeck Edward F. , Collie-Akers Vicki L. , Ablah Elizabeth , Landry Sarah , Honn Allison , Obermeier Sara , Ramirez Mariana , Chen Yvonnes , Knight Ian R. , Lumpkins Crystal Y. , Ricketts Mary , Carter Tony , Wright Ullyses , Watson Christal , Kurz Daniel L. , McCrea-Robertson Stacy , Finocchario-Kessler Sarah , LeMaster Joseph , Corriveau Erin , Crawford Broderick , He Jianghua , Greiner K. Allen
Published: August 2024

Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics–Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) Kansas worked with 10 Kansas counties from November 2020 through June 2022 to form local health equity action teams (LHEATs), develop COVID-19 testing strategies, foster communication about COVID-19, and share best practices through a learning collaborative. Participating counties documented 693 distinct COVID-19 testing and 178 communication activities. Although the intervention was not associated with changes in the proportion of positive COVID-19 tests, LHEATs in the learning collaborative implemented new testing strategies and responded to emerging COVID-19 challenges. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(11):1202–1206. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307771 )
Melampaui Tradisi: Evaluasi Dampak Kebijakan Politik Terhadap Pembaharuan Hukum Keluarga
Authors: Nurhuda Rohmad
Published: August 2024

Rapid changes in social and political dynamics have triggered a response from the government in the form of political policies aimed at creating family law that is more inclusive, fair and in line with the demands of the times. In line with the evolution of political policies affecting family law, there are essential questions that guide this research. First, how have political policies influenced reforms in family law? Second, to what extent have these changes been effective in achieving the goals of equality, justice and family welfare? Third, what are the challenges and obstacles that arise in the implementation of political policies related to family law reform? The policy analysis method, case study, and qualitative approach in this research are expected to provide a comprehensive picture of the complexity of the interaction between political policy and family law reform, as well as its impact on society. The development of family law in Indonesia reflects a journey from conservative norms towards increased individual rights, gender equality and family diversity. The results of this study show that the implementation of political policies related to family law reform faces a number of challenges, including resistance from conservative groups and skepticism among the Muslim community. Ambiguity in the criteria for change, changing political dynamics, and controversy surrounding the practice of underage marriage are obstacles to achieving consistency and clarity in implementation. In addition, the need for balance between positive and Islamic law emphasizes the importance of dialogue and cooperation across sectors to achieve an effective and sustainable vision of family law reform. With this balance in mind, this study emphasizes that constructive and inclusive dialogue between the government, the Muslim community, and other stakeholders is key to ensuring that changes to family law are acceptable to all parties and remain consistent with constitutional values and respected sharia principles.
A practical approach to choosing formulae for economic index numbers
Authors: Wood John
Published: August 2024

Traditional axiomatic, economic and stochastic approaches to choosing a formula for economic index numbers are based on theoretical considerations, with little regard to whether they reflect the actual circumstances affecting the markets to which they relate. This paper presents an approach to index number formulation based on how markets operate and presents a general, parameter-based formula for price and quantity indices. Two variants of this general formula cater for the “substitution effect” in different ways and one of these variants provides a practical expression for an economic-theoretic index based on purchasers' revealed preferences. Another variant applies this approach to short-term inflation indices. A final variant provides a straightforward means of estimating purchasing power parities for spatial indices. The analysis also emphasizes the importance of using coherent price and quantity indices, whose products generate the corresponding value indices.
Research on short-term passenger flow prediction of urban rail traffic based on ResNet-Bi-At-LSTM model
Authors: XU WEI , WANG CHAO , REN YONG ZHAO , XING LEI
Published: August 2024

With the rapid advancement of urbanization in our country, the increase in urban population and motor vehicles has caused problems such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution and traffic accidents.To this end, the country has begun to vigorously develop urban rail transit, thereby optimizing the spatial layout and enhancing urban functions.In urban rail transit scheduling, passenger flow prediction is used as a key decision-making basis, and its results are essential to the smooth operation of urban rail transit.This paper takes the inbound passenger flow of the Shanghai subway as the research object, and comprehensively considers multi-source data such as AFC credit card data, external environmental data, air quality data, and the nature of the land around the subway station.By fully processing and analyzing these data, the potential laws between them and passenger flow are deeply explored. On this basis, a short-term passenger flow prediction model of urban rail traffic based on ResNet-Bi-At-LSTM is constructed.In the end, through the example analysis of Shanghai Urban rail transit, it is verified that the model proposed in this paper can more accurately and comprehensively predict short-term passenger flow.
A Refined Gibson-Ashby Model for Functionally Graded Honeycombs with Random Irregularities
Authors: Pugno Nicola , Beigrezaee Mohammad , Jalali Seyed Kamal , Misseroni Diego
Published: August 2024

This study refines the Gibson-Ashby model to predict the mechanical properties of functionally graded (FG) honeycombs with random irregularities. By integrating correction factors, the model accommodates variations in aspect ratio and structural irregularities across hexagonal, triangular, and square honeycomb micro-architectures. The study updates analytical expressions to correlate the relative elastic modulus with relative density for graded configurations. These enhancements are calibrated through analytical derivations and finite element (FE) simulations, covering a wide array of irregular FG honeycomb designs. Validations are conducted via FE simulations and experimental tests on 3D-printed samples. A dual homogenization approach effectively translates microstructural variations into macroscopic property predictions, confirming the model's applicability to diverse configurations. The refined Gibson-Ashby model demonstrates high accuracy in relating relative density to elastic modulus in graded and irregular honeycombs. This analytical framework offers a valuable tool for designing optimized FG honeycomb structures across various geometric variations.
Hand X-rays findings and a disease screening for Turner syndrome through deep learning model
Authors: Wang Yirou , Wang Yumo , Hu Feihan , Zhou Liqi , Ding Yu , Guo Chen , Chen Yao , Hu Yabin , Liu Shijian , Wang Xiumin
Published: August 2024

Background
Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the important causes of short stature in girls, but there are cases of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in clinical practice. Our aim is to analyze the hand skeletal characteristics of TS patients and establish a disease screening model using deep learning.
Methods
A total of 101 pediatric patients with TS were included in this retrospective case-control study. Their radiation parameters from hand X-rays were summarized and compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for parameters with differences between the groups were plotted. Additionally, we used deep learning networks to establish a predictive model.
Results
Four parameters were identified as having diagnostic value for TS: the length ratio of metacarpal IV and metacarpal III, the distance between ulnoradial tangents, the carpal angle, and the ulnar-radial angle. The ResNet50 deep neural network architecture was utilized, resulting in an accuracy of 78.89%, specificity of 76.67%, and sensitivity of 83.33% on a test dataset.
Conclusions
We propose that certain hand radiograph parameters have the potential to serve as diagnostic indicators for TS. The utilization of deep learning models has significantly enhanced the precision of disease diagnosis.
Interstitial lung diseases with concomitant lung cancer: a data mining approach revealing a complex condition with gender and immune-associated specific implications
Authors: Perrotta Fabio , Lacedonia Donato , D'Agnano Vito , Bianco Andrea , Scioscia Giulia , Tondo Pasquale , Foschino Maria Pia , Mariani Francesca , Lettieri Sara , Frate Lucia del , Mancinelli Silvia , Piloni Davide , Oggionni Tiberio , Corsico Angelo Guido , Stella Giulia Maria , Bortolotto Chandra
Published: August 2024

Background. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) identify a family of heterogeneous entities mainly characterized by chronic scarring of the lung parenchyma. Among ILDs, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most frequent idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis associated with progressive functional decline leading to respiratory failure, high symptoms burden and mortality. Notably, the incidence of lung cancer (LC) in patients already affected by ILDs - mainly IPF- is significantly higher than in general population. Moreover, these cases are often neglected and deprived of active oncologic treatments.
Methods.We here aim at identifying variables predictive of outcome in a multicentre retrospective cohort of ILD associated to lung cancer collected from 2018 till the end of 2023. Overall, 73 cases were identified and for 55 patients exhaustive clinico-pathologic data were available. Among them 42 carried IPF. The entire dataset was then analysed by using the JMP partition algorithm (JMP-Statistical Discoveries. From SAS) which is able to choose the optimum splits from many possible trees, making it a powerful modelling, and data discovery tool.
Results. The average age of lung cancer diagnosis was 71.4 years whereas that of IPF was 69.5 years, the average Charlson comorbidity index was 4.6. Female patients were the 28.3 % (15) of the evaluated cases. The most frequent tumor hystotype was adenocarcinoma (45.2%) and in more than 60% of the cases (67.9%) cancer was diagnosed at early stage (TNM I-II-IIIA). A significant gender difference emerges regarding the overall patients’ survival and quite unexpectedly surgical approach to IPF-associated LC and the detection of serum autoantibodies are among the strongest outcome predictors.
Conclusions. IPF-associated LC emerges as a unique malignant disease defined by specific gender, histopathologic clinical and molecular parameters which might benefit from active treatments.
Foraging tactics in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis)
Authors: Serres Agathe , Shi Yixi , Chen Shenglan , Liu Binshuai , Li Songhai
Published: August 2024

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) typically inhabit turbid coastal waters and estuaries, making it hard to observe their behaviour. Therefore, until now, only a few studies have provided descriptions of this species’ behaviour. Studying foraging behaviours is needed to better understand the tactics adopted by the species and inform conservation measures. This study aimed to describe and quantify the foraging behaviours displayed by Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in three different locations in the northern South China Sea, including Beibu, Zhanjiang, and Pearl River Delta (PRD). Dolphins were observed side breaching, half-side breaching, fish shoal pursuing, mud foraging, foraging around gillnets, seine nets, trawlers, shellfish farms, fish farms, and wind farms. No cooperative foraging was observed and animals were mostly engaged in individual and group random feeding. Differences in foraging behaviours were found among the three studied geographic populations with Zhanjiang dolphins foraging in large and dispersed groups and using fish farm surroundings as a foraging ground; PRD dolphins foraging in small groups with various dispersion modes and engaging in mud foraging and foraging in association with pair trawlers or seine fishing; and Beibu dolphins foraging in small groups with various dispersion modes like those from PRD but unlike them, seldom displaying side or half-side breaches. The observed variations in group size and cohesion, movement patterns and behaviour, or associations with human activities reveal the complexity of this species’ foraging behaviour and differences among populations that may be linked with the characteristics of the environment dolphins live in.
A respiratory streptococcus strain inhibits Acinetobacter baumannii from causing inflammatory damage through ferroptosis
Authors: Sun Ye , Li Shuyin , Che Yuchen , Liang Hao , Guo Yi , Xiao Chunling
Published: August 2024

Background
Microecological equilibrium is essential for human health. Previous research has demonstrated that Streptococcus strain A, the main bacterial group in the respiratory tract, can suppress harmful microbes and protect the body. In this study, Streptococcus strain D19T was isolated from the oral and pharyngeal cavities of healthy children. Its antibacterial mechanism against Acinetobacter baumannii was examined, as well as its potential to prevent inflammatory damage to cells. We evaluated the effect of the fermentation conditions of D19T on inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii growth; Isolation and purification of antibacterial active components of strain D19T and molecular mechanism of inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii; Molecular mechanism of D19T bacteriostatic protein reversing cellular inflammatory injury induced by Acinetobacter baumannii.
Results
The supernatant of fermentation broth of Streptococcus D19T was the active component against Acinetobacter baumannii, but the bacteria had no antibacterial activity. The supernatant of D19T fermentation broth was precipitated by (NH4)2SO4 solution, and the protein was the active antibacterial component. After gel filtration chromatography and anion gel filtration chromatography, the molecular weight of antibacterial protein was 53kD. D19T antibacterial protein can improve cell membrane permeability, limit extracellular soluble protein release, inhibit Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation, and prevent Acinetobacter baumannii adhesion. Acinetobacter baumannii induces inflammatory damage to respiratory cells via ferroptosis, and the D19T antibacterial protein can counteract this damage, protecting the respiratory tract.
Conclusion
Streptococcus strain D19T, as a potential probiotic, inhibits the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii and the inflammatory damage of respiratory cells, playing a protective role in human respiratory health.
How to Solve the "Tragedy of the Commons" in Garbage Classification in Scenic Spots: The Importance of Tourists' Psychological Ownership
Authors: Zou Dingxia , Yang Dajun , Tan Fuqiang , Xiao Daibo
Published: August 2024

Previous research has found that the "Tragedy of the Commons" affects people's public behavior. However, how to solve the "Tragedy of the Commons" in garbage classification in scenic areas is still unclear. This study explores this issue by considering garbage classification in scenic areas as a "Tragedy of the Commons" problem and manipulating tourists' psychological ownership of the scenic area (high vs. low). We conducted four experiments (N = 1120) to examine the influence of tourists' psychological ownership of the scenic area on their willingness to engage in garbage classification under different stimulus conditions, expanding the literature on the "Tragedy of the Commons" and tourist environmental behavior. The study found that by enhancing tourists' psychological ownership of the scenic area, their willingness to engage in garbage classification can be effectively increased. Perceived effectiveness and perceived environmental responsibility mediated the relationship between tourists' psychological ownership of the scenic area and their willingness to engage in garbage classification. The study also found that environmental attitudes moderated the relationship between tourists' psychological ownership of the scenic area and their willingness to engage in garbage classification. This study explains the phenomenon of the "Tragedy of the Commons" in garbage classification in scenic areas, and the perceived effectiveness, perceived environmental responsibility, and environmental attitudes of tourists play an important role in addressing this issue at the individual level. The findings provide new insights for managers in scenic areas regarding garbage classification and how to promote tourist environmental behavior.
Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Movement Post Selective Superior Trunk Block versus Conventional Interscalene Block in Shoulder Arthroscopy
Authors: Sultan Wesameldin A. , Metwally Ahmed Abdelraouf , Soliman Ahmed M. , Ramadan Wafiya , Afify Noha
Published: August 2024

Background Post shoulder arthroscopic pain is significant. Interscalene block is the standard technique for controlling pain, but the high incidence of complications limits this technique. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis after selective superior trunk block compared to conventional interscalene block as regards.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in which 68 patients who were scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy were divided into two equal groups. The interscalene group received ultrasound (US) guided interscalene block and the superior trunk group received US guided selective superior trunk block. Performance time, block quality, hemidiaphragmatic movement, and incidence of complications were assessed and recorded.Results The incidence of hemidiaphragmatic movement in interscalene group was significantly greater than that in the selective superior trunk block (76.5% vs 38.2%), and it was completely affected in 44.1% of the interscalene group compared to 11.8% of the selective superior trunk block group. The performance duration (min) was significantly greater in the selective superior trunk group than in the interscalene group (6.97 ± 0.67) vs (6.48 ± 0.69) respectively.Conclusions Although US-guided interscalene and selective superior trunk blocks provided an equipotent postoperative analgesic effect, selective superior trunk block was associated with a significantly lower incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis.Trial registration: This prospective double-blinded randomized control trial was performed at Menoufia University Hospital after obtaining approval from its ethics committee (IRB approval number 4/2022 ANET1-1) and was registered under www.pactr.org (PACTR 202203695753410) with registration number (PACTR 202203695753410), and the registration date was at 11/02/2022. This trial was conducted in accordance with the Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guideline Consolidated Standards.
Alien Flora of the Himalayan Highlands: Naturalised and Invasive Plants in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India
Authors: Zargar Shabir A. , Malik Rayees Ahmad , Khuroo Anzar Ahmad , Ganie Aijaz Hassan , Reshi Zafar A
Published: August 2024

Biological invasions pose a significant threat to sustenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services, with their incidence expected to rise due to globalization and climate change. Regional inventories of alien species are important for monitoring and managing the biological invasions, particularly in world’s mountains which till recently were immune to invasions but are increasingly becoming vulnerable to invasive species. This study presents the first comprehensive inventory and status assessment of the alien flora in Ladakh – a remote and unique biogeographic region in Indian Trans-Himalaya. Based on field data collected from 2018 to 2023, we provide taxonomic composition of alien flora in Ladakh, including information on invasion status (cultivated, naturalized and invasive), biogeographic affiliation, habitat and life-form characteristics, and pathways of introduction. In total, we recorded 104 alien plant species, accounting ∼ 5.7% to the region's flora. Of these, 24 alien species are under cultivation, while the remaining 80 are aliens growing in wild, with 52 naturalized and 28 invasive. The most species-rich families are Asteraceae (20 species), Amaranthaceae (12 species), Poaceae (7 species), Salicaceae (6 species), and Fabaceae (5 species). Most alien species in the region are native to temperate Asia (34 species), followed by Europe (30 species). The alien species primarily colonize human-dominated habitats, such as roadsides and agricultural fields. Additionally, we found that the elevational distribution of the alien species richness in the region exhibits a unimodal hump-shaped pattern, with the highest number of alien species (73 species) occurring between 2600–3000 meters. The elevational width and maximum elevation of alien species was positively correlated with the maximum elevation in their native region. In an era of rising risks of climate change and rapid land-use transformation in the Himalayan highlands, this first assessment of the alien flora of the Ladakh will foster further research, inform early eradication, and guide pro-active plant invasion management in the region, with lessons for such environments elsewhere.