bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Gaps in Quality of Care and Good Practice Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights From a Literature Review and Qualitative Study of Nine Centers in North America
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Crow Mary K. , Danila Maria I. , Haraoui Boulos , Karpouzas George A. , Newman Eric D. , Norton Hillary , Peterson Jeff , Thorne Carter , Wright Grace C. , Bain Lorna
Published: June 2024

Objective

Quality of care (QoC) delivery in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) continues to suffer from various challenges (eg, delay in diagnosis and referral) that can lead to poor patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify good practice interventions that address these challenges in RA care in North America.

Methods

The study was conducted in three steps: (1) literature review of existing publications and guidelines (April 2005 to April 2021) on QoC in RA; (2) in‐person visits to >50 individual specialists and health care professionals across nine rheumatology centers in the United States and Canada to identify challenges in RA care and any corresponding good practice interventions; and (3) collation and organization of findings of the two previous methods by commonalities to identify key good practice interventions, followed by further review by RA experts to ensure key challenges and gaps in RA care were captured.

Results

Several challenges and eight good practice interventions were identified in RA care. The interventions were prioritized based on the perceived positive impact on the challenges in care and ease of implementation. High‐priority interventions included the use of technology to improve care, streamlining specialist treatment, and facilitating comorbidity assessment and care. Other interventions included enabling patient access to optimal medication regimens and improving patient self‐management strategies.

Conclusion

Learnings from the study can be implemented in other rheumatology centers throughout North America to improve RA care. Although the study was completed before the COVID‐19 pandemic, the findings remain relevant.
A novel modulation for four‐switch Buck‐boost converter to eliminate the right half plane zero point
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyan , Wang Kun , Yang Zhengtao , Cao Huafeng
Published: June 2024

The four‐switch Buck‐Boost (FSBB) converter are widely used in combination with other isolated converter to extend the voltage range capability of the overall structure. When the converter operates in buck‐boost mode and boost mode, it exhibits a right half plane zero (RHPZ) in the control to output transfer function. This characteristic would cause negative impact to stability of the converter. In order to eliminate the RHPZ, a novel modulation method is proposed in this paper. The buck mode is introduced to the modulation to adjust the voltage gain, and the corresponding average state space modeling for the FSBB with the proposed modulation is established. The simulation of the converter with the proposed modulation method and traditional modulation are presented. Finally, experiment results by hardware in the loop (HIL) platform is employed to verity the correctness of theoretical analysis results.
FlexiStiff: A Variable Tensile Stiffness Element for Modulating the Behavior of Tensegrity Structures
Authors: Arshad Vaqas , Jamil Babar , Rodrigue Hugo
Published: June 2024

Soft and tensegrity structures are two configurations that have appeared as robots continue to draw inspiration from nature and diversify beyond rigid machines toward compliant systems. One artificial manifestation of a biological attribute that is an active research topic is the body's capacity to calibrate its stiffness for adapting its behavior to a given task. This study brings together these designs spaces and presents a soft tensile element named FlexiStiff for tensegrity structures to enable transitioning between flexible and stiff states for variable load‐bearing capability and compliance. The device's tensile stiffness constant can be increased by 4400% with a change in pressure. It can provide a high blocking force of 535.5 N and can endure elongation up to 184%. It is assembled using four commercially available materials and a two‐step fabrication method consisting of 3D printing and elastomer curing. As opposed to classical tensegrities for which shape change is inexpensive in terms of energy, this work betokens a new stage in their design wherein the arrangement can radically alter the magnitude of its demand for external energy for shape morphing, a crucial characteristic for operation in partially mapped environments that present diverse terrains and disturbances of varying intensities prompting adaptability.
Laser‐Controlled Ferrohydrodynamic Fluid Cavities for Modulation of Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Wang Qiaozhen , Jin Yuqi , Yao Menglin , Lin Feng , Qin Chenzhen , Liu Laichen , Wang Zhiming , Neogi Arup
Published: June 2024

Ferrohydrodynamic pumps, with their compact design, offer a practical and efficient alternative to traditional pneumatic or mechanical pumps for driving microfluidic channels and fluidic devices, eliminating mechanical vibrations. A novel self‐circulating ferrohydrodynamic system has been developed to remotely control fluid flow within a linear acoustic cavity using a laser‐induced photothermal temperature gradient. This system enables the modulation of fluid flow rates in compact channels through adjustments in a D.C. magnetic field or laser‐induced surface temperature changes. Notably, laser intensity can accelerate, decelerate, or reverse flow rates within the channel, influencing ultrasonic waves propagating through fluidic cavities designed to resonate between 500 kHz and 700 kHz. The dynamic nature of the magnetoactive fluid cavity enhances wave‐matter interactions, particularly in acoustic domains. Laser‐induced flow control allows for precise manipulation of ultrasonic wave characteristics such as frequency, amplitude, mode splitting, phase shifting, and unidirectional transmission. This capability also supports the optical regulation of acoustic energy flow rates by halting or reversing fluid motion within the cavity. These advancements hold significant potential for applications in cavity acoustodynamics and underwater signal processing, promising innovations in remote fluidic control and acoustic modulation technologies.
Perovskite Nanocrystals: Opportunities in Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Jin Lei , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Liu Xin , Benetti Daniele , Rosei Federico
Published: June 2024

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are complementary sunlight collectors for photovoltaics (PVs). Emissive fluorophores embedded in a transparent waveguide collect solar radiation over a large area and convert it into luminescence directed to the PV cells that frame the waveguide's edges. Among various fluorophores, perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) show considerable potential for LSCs thanks to their wide size/composition/shape tunable broad absorption spectrum ranging from UV to near‐infrared, which significantly overlaps with the solar spectrum. They also feature high brightness with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 100% and ease of fabrication through wet chemistry approaches. In addition, PNCs can be engineered to minimize the absorption/emission overlap, which is the key to suppressing energy losses caused by reabsorption. Here, the structure and properties of PNCs and then correlate them with LSC performance is presented. The synthesis of PNCs using wet‐chemistry approaches and summarize the latest developments of PNCs‐based LSCs, categorized by the engineering strategies of PNCs and the design of the LSC configurations is critically reviewed. Finally, it is described major challenges and perspectives for future work, outlining the rational design, synthesis, PNC loading, surface engineering, and machine‐learning‐based tuning of PNC‐LSC.
Cellulose Metamaterials with Hetero‐Profiled Topology via Structure Rearrangement During Ball Milling for Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Cai Chenyang , Wu Xiaodan , Cheng Fulin , Ding Chunxiang , Wei Zechang , Wang Xuan , Fu Yu
Published: June 2024

Passive radiative cooling is a zero‐energy consumption approach, which can dissipate heat to outer space by emitting infrared radiation through the transparency window. Traditional cooling materials, such as photonic films, metafabrics, and polymer foams, still suffer from complex preparation processes and high costs. In this work, it is reported that natural cellulose can be converted into a “green” optical metamaterial by rational structure reconfiguration at the micro/nano level via scalable ball milling technology for efficient daytime radiative cooling. Specifically, fine‐tuning the shearing kinetics in the mechanochemistry process, cellulosic optical metamaterial (COM) with ≈98% solar reflectivity and ≈0.97 infrared emissivity has been successfully achieved, which can break through the theoretical value of photonic crystals as well as the conventional synthetic optical materials. The COMSOL simulation reveals that the excellent optical properties of the cellulose metamaterial are explained by the “confined scattering” effect caused by the rearranged heterostructure at the micro/nano level. Outdoor tests demonstrat that the COM‐based coating exhibits a daytime radiative cooling efficiency of 5.7 °C in hot Nanjing. Meanwhile, the COM can be produced into different scattering materials via spray coating, freeze casting, and solution casting technology. This study will facilitate the development of scalable and sustainable optical metamaterials for mitigating energy consumption.
2D Graphene Oxide: A Versatile Thermo‐Optic Material
Authors: Hu Junkai , Wu Jiayang , Liu Wenbo , Jin Di , Dirani Houssein El , Kerdiles Sébastien , Sciancalepore Corrado , Demongodin Pierre , Grillet Christian , Monat Christelle , Huang Duan , Jia Baohua , Moss David J.
Published: June 2024

Efficient heat management and control in optical devices, facilitated by advanced thermo‐optic materials, are critical for many applications such as photovoltaics, thermal emitters, mode‐locked lasers, and optical switches. Here, a range of thermo‐optic properties of 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are investigated by precisely integrating them onto microring resonators (MRRs) with control over the film thicknesses and lengths. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, thermo‐optic coefficient, and thermal conductivity for the GO films with different layer numbers and degrees of reduction, as well as reversible reduction and enhanced optical bistability induced by the photo‐thermal effects, are comprehensively characterized. Experimental results show that the thermo‐optic properties of 2D GO films vary widely with the degree of reduction. In addition, significant anisotropy is observed for the thermo‐optic response, enabling efficient polarization‐sensitive devices. The versatile thermo‐optic response of 2D GO substantially expands the scope of functionalities and devices that can be engineered, making it promising for a diverse range of thermo‐optic applications.
Layer‐Engineered Functional Multilayer Thin‐Film Structures and Interfaces through Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition
Authors: Heikkinen Mari , Ghiyasi Ramin , Karppinen Maarit
Published: June 2024

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology is one of the cornerstones of the modern microelectronics industry, where it is exploited in the fabrication of high‐quality inorganic thin films with excellent precision for film thickness and conformality. Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is a counterpart of ALD for purely organic thin films. Both ALD and MLD rely on self‐limiting gas‐surface reactions of vaporized and sequentially pulsed precursors and are thus modular, meaning that different precursor pulsing cycles can be combined in an arbitrary manner for the growth of elaborated superstructures. This allows the fusion of different building blocks — either inorganic or organic — even with contradicting properties into a single thin‐film material, to realize unforeseen material functions which can ultimately lead to novel application areas. Most importantly, many of these precisely layer‐engineered materials with attractive interfacial properties are inaccessible to other synthesis/fabrication routes. In this review, the intention is to present the current state of research in the field by i) summarizing the ALD and MLD processes so far developed for the multilayer thin films, ii) highlighting the most intriguing material properties and potential application areas of these unique layer‐engineered materials, and iii) outlining the future perspectives for this approach.
Terahertz Pseudo‐Waveform‐Selective Metasurface Absorber Based on a Square‐Patch Structure Loaded with Linear Circuit Components
Authors: Cheng Yongzhi , Xing Rui , Chen Fu , Luo Hui , Fathnan Ashif Aminulloh , Wakatsuchi Hiroki
Published: June 2024

In recent years, metasurfaces composed of lumped nonlinear circuits have been reported to exhibit the capability of detecting specific electromagnetic waves, even when the waves are of the same frequency, depending on their respective waveforms or, more precisely, their pulse widths. Herein, three types of metasurface absorbers (MSAs) are presented which are composed of a square‐patch structure loaded with linear circuit components, including lumped resistors or resistors in parallel with capacitors/inductors, which can mimic the waveform‐selective absorption behavior in the terahertz (THz) region. By judiciously selecting suitable values for the linear circuit components, these MSAs can achieve near‐perfect absorption of incident continuous waves or longer pulses while exhibiting reduced absorption of short pulses at the same THz frequency. These linear circuit structures can be referred to as pseudo‐waveform‐selective MSAs because their waveform‐selective absorption characteristics are primarily derived from the dispersion behavior of the resonator structures, as opposed to the frequency conversion commonly observed in nonlinear circuits. These outcomes and discoveries introduce an additional degree of freedom for waveform discrimination in the THz frequency range, potentially enabling a broader range of applications, including but not limited to detection, sensing, and wireless communication.
A Two‐Stage Polymerization Strategy for Preparing Polymer‐Network Liquid Crystals with Oxygen‐Sensing Property
Authors: Liu Zongdai , Zhang Zhibo , Zhang Yi , Luo Dan , Yang Kun‐Lin
Published: June 2024

Polymer‐network liquid crystal (PNLC) possesses both advantages of low‐molecular‐weight liquid crystal (LMWLC) and liquid crystal (LC) polymer. Herein, a two‐stage polymerization strategy for the formation of unique PNLC with oxygen‐sensing properties is reported. The reaction mixture consists of 6% diacrylate RM257, 93.5% LMWLC 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB), and 0.5% photoinitiator dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPA). In the first stage, the mixture is exposed to UV light for 2 min to form a primary polymer network, which is highly uniform with a planar orientation. However, some free radicals are trapped inside the LC due to the short UV exposure time. Subsequently, the trapped free radicals are released by heating the PNLC sample into an isotropic state. Under this condition, the free radicals can move freely and react with surrounding monomers to form a secondary polymer network, which is highly disordered and scatters light strongly. Because oxygen can deactivate free radicals trapped inside the PNLC, the phenomenon to detect oxygen and monitor the diffusion of oxygen through the PNLC is exploited. The PNLC‐based oxygen sensor is potentially useful for the detection of oxygen and monitoring the exposure time to oxygen.
Iodine Mediated Annulation of Triethylamine, Aldehydes and 2‐Aminopyridines for the Synthesis of 3‐Formyl‐Imidazo [1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Shen Lihong , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2024

With triethylamine as a synthon, an alternative method for the synthesis of 3‐formyl imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines has been accomplished from aldehydes, and 2‐aminopyridines. The reaction proceeded via iodine‐catalyzed C−N bond cleavage of triethylamine, generation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde in situ, and oxidative cyclization with air as the oxygen source. This protocol may facilitate the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives and provide a reference for the usage of triethylamine as a synthon.
Secondary Coordination Sphere Engineering of Single‐Sn‐Atom catalyst via P Doping for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Yue Caizhen , Yang Xiaobo , Zhang Xiong , Wang Shifu , Xu Wei , Chen Ruru , Wang Jiuyi , Yin Jie , Huang Yanqiang , Li Xuning
Published: June 2024

The regulation of the local microenvironment in the single‐atom catalysts affords a scheme for accelerating the overall reaction kinetics of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), which is of vital importance but remains challenging. Herein, a carbon nanotube‐supported single‐Sn‐atom catalyst (P‐SnN4‐CNT) is developed by a modified pyrolysis procedure with P‐doping into the second coordination shell of SnN4 moiety to modulate the electron structure of metal Sn center. The resulting P‐SnN4‐CNT delivered a high CO partial current density of −380 mA cm−2 with Faradaic efficiency (FE) of CO above 90% across a wide range of −0.5 to −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE), along with optimal FE (CO) of ≈98.5% at −0.6 V versus RHE in a flow cell. Moreover, P‐SnN4‐CNT achieved an extremely high turnover frequency of 126 471 h−1 with an applied potential of −0.8 V versus RHE, which ranks the best among the reported M─N─C catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. The combination of in situ characterization techniques and density functional theory calculation revealed that the doping of P atoms benefited the activation and hydrogenation steps of CO2 and promoted the Sn4+ reduction to Sn2+ during the reaction process, where Sn2+ is identified as the active site for the CO generation. The work provides a clear mechanistic insight for both electron structure optimization and identification of active sites by local microenvironment regulation of single‐Sn‐atom, which shall pave a way for the exploitation of other M─N─C catalysts with high CO2RR performance.
Spontaneous Reaction of Electrocatalyst Resulted in a NH3 Faraday Efficiency of More than 100% in Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Yu Wanqiang , Chen Lili , Tan Hua , Huang Man , Yu Jiayuan , Wang Yujie , Wang Jingang , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia
Published: June 2024

Ammonia is emerging as a liquefied and renewable‐energy carrier of global interest in the future. The electrochemical reduction of nitrate is widely acknowledged as an alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process for ammonia production. However, it is observed that certain catalysts can undergo spontaneous oxidation–reduction reactions with nitrate to some extent, leading to the calculated ammonia Faradaic efficiency exceeding 100%. However, there is a lack of accurate experimental validation as well as effective solutions. To address these problems, it is verified that the spontaneous reaction between the catalyst and nitrate impacts on the calculation of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction performance. Meanwhile, an updated and optimized experimental strategy is proposed to address the interference caused by the spontaneous reaction. This work will significantly contribute to more accurate and reliable electrocatalytic nitrate reduction research.
Are all meats substitutes? A basket‐and‐expenditure‐based approach
Authors: Neill Clinton L. , Britton Logan L.
Published: June 2024

This study examines the relationship among animal‐based meat and plant‐based meat alternatives (PBMAs) using a basket‐and‐expenditure‐based choice experiment. In particular, we examine whether animal‐based meat products are substitutes or complements with PBMAs. Further, we incorporate consumer beliefs about their diet and environmental attitudes into the analysis. What we find is that PBMAs are not substitutes but rather complements or independent from one another. We also find that environmental and diet beliefs positively contribute to consumer utility for plant‐based alternatives. This study also demonstrates the strength of a basket‐based approach to examining complex consumer choices that require both discrete and continuous decisions in food purchasing.
High‐Load Capable Soft Tactile Sensors: Incorporating Magnetorheological Elastomer for Accurate Contact Detection and Classification of Asymmetric Mechanical Components
Authors: Lim Buyong , Yoon Jungwon
Published: June 2024

Soft tactile sensors are soft and sufficiently flexible for attachment to a robot's gripper to enhance human‐like sensory capabilities. However, existing tactile sensors exhibit large size and a limited force measurement range. This article presents a novel design of a new soft tactile sensor for a robotic gripper, incorporating a sandwich‐like multilayered structure, together with a deep learning (DL) model, which overcomes the limitations of traditional sensors. The structure consists of three distinct layers: a 15 wt% iron magnetorheological elastomer, a flexible printable circuit board layer equipped with three‐dimensional Hall sensors (TLE493D; Infineon), and permanent magnets. Additionally, a multilayer perceptron network that can classify the loading state is adopted for the DL model. This new tactile sensor is capable of performing three distinct functions simultaneously: measurement of normal forces up to 3.73 kgf, identification of the precise location of force occurrence by subdivision into intervals of 2.5 mm, and differentiation between a wide (≈8 mm) and narrow (≈2 mm) contacted surface area. This newly developed soft tactile sensor has considerable potential for improvement in the performance of robotic grippers through its high accuracy, resolution, and large measurement range, as demonstrated by experimentation with the sensor attached to a real gripper.
Plasma amyloid beta X‐42/X‐40 ratio and cognitive decline in suspected early and preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vogelgsang Jonathan , Hansen Niels , Stark Melina , Wagner Michael , Klafki Hans , Morgado Barbara Marcos , Jahn‐Brodmann Anke , Schott Björn , Esselmann Hermann , Bauer Chris , Schuchhardt Johannes , Kleineidam Luca , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Peters Oliver , Schneider Luisa‐Sophie , Wang Xiao , Menne Felix , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike , Altenstein Slawek , Lohse Andrea , Schneider Anja , Fliessbach Klaus , Vogt Ina , Bartels Claudia , Jessen Frank , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Duezel Emrah , Glanz Wenzel , Incesoy Enise , Butryn Michaela , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Ewers Michael , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris , Guersel Selim , Teipel Stefan , Kilimann Ingo , Goerss Doreen , Laske Christoph , Munk Matthias , Sanzenbacher Carolin , Spottke Annika , Roy‐Kluth Nina , Heneka Michael , Brosseron Frederic , Ramierez Alfredo , Schmid Matthias , Wiltfang Jens
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Blood‐based biomarkers are a cost‐effective and minimally invasive method for diagnosing the early and preclinical stages of amyloid positivity (AP). Our study aims to investigate our novel immunoprecipitation‐immunoassay (IP‐IA) as a test for predicting cognitive decline.

METHODS

We measured levels of amyloid beta (Aβ)X‐40 and AβX‐42 in immunoprecipitated eluates from the DELCODE cohort. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves, regression analyses, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were constructed to predict AP by Aβ42/40 classification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

RESULTS

We detected a significant correlation between AßX‐42/X‐40 in plasma and CSF (r = 0.473). Mixed‐modeling analysis revealed a substantial prediction of AßX‐42/X‐40 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 for AP (sensitivity: 0.79, specificity: 0.74, positive predictive value [PPV]: 0.71, negative predictive value [NPV]: 0.81). In addition, lower AβX‐42/X‐40 ratios were associated with negative PACC5 slopes, suggesting cognitive decline.

DISCUSSION

Our results suggest that assessing the plasma AβX‐42/X‐40 ratio via our semiautomated IP‐IA is a promising biomarker when examining patients with early or preclinical AD.

Highlights

New plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 measurement using immunoprecipitation–immunoassay

Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 associated with longitudinal cognitive decline

Promising biomarker to detect subjective cognitive decline at‐risk for brain amyloid positivity
The timing of death in burn patients
Authors: Yoneda Kazuhiro , Osuka Akinori , Ohnishi Shinya , Matsuura Hiroshi , Oda Jun
Published: June 2024

Aim

When treating burn patients, some patients die in the chronic phase, even if they overcome the acute phase of the burn. To elucidate the timing of death and its underlying causes among burn patients.

Methods

Patients evaluated were admitted to our burn center between January 2015, and December 2019. Patient information, time, and cause of death were retrospectively collected from their medical records.

Results

Among 342 admitted patients, 49 died. The time of death was as follows: within 24 h (n = 9), within 3 days (n = 7), within 1 week (n = 5), within 2 weeks (n = 4), within 3 weeks (n = 3), within 30 days (n = 6), within 60 days (n = 5), and after 60 days (n = 9). The causes of death within 3 days were hypoxic encephalopathy, extensive burns (>80%), severe heat stroke, and acute coronary syndrome. The causes of death after 3 days were sepsis, pneumonia, intestinal ischemia, pancreatitis, and worsening of chronic diseases. The mortality rate was similar for patients ≥65 years of age and those with a burn area of ≥20%, with both groups showing a particularly poor prognosis.

Conclusions

The timing of death in hospitalized burn patients showed a bimodal distribution as approximately 40% of patients who survived the resuscitation period died after 30 days. Elderly patients were at particularly high risk for mortality. In burn care, treatment planning should consider not only the short‐term but also the long‐term prognosis.
Ionic Liquid‐Accelerated Growth of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Layer‐Stacking
Authors: Deng Lifeng , Zhu Sihao , Zou Qingyang , Xie Qiujian , Song Guangjie , Pan Chunyue , Wei Baosheng , Huang Zhehao , Liu Tianren , Tang Juntao , Yuan Jiayin , Yu Guipeng
Published: June 2024

Layer‐stacking behaviors are crucial for two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) to define their pore structure, physicochemical properties, and functional output. So far, fine control over the stacking mode without complex procedures remains a grand challenge. Herein, we proposed a “key‐cylinder lock mimic” strategy to synthesize 2D COFs with a tunable layer‐stacking mode by taking advantage of ionic liquids (ILs). The staggered (AB) stacking (unlocked) COFs were exclusively obtained by incorporating ILs of symmetric polarity and matching molecular size; otherwise, commonly reported eclipsed (AA) stacking (locked) COFs were observed instead. Mechanistic study revealed that AB stacking was induced by a confined interlocking effect (CIE) brought by anions and bulky cations of the ILs inside pores (“key” and “cylinder”, respectively). Excitingly, this strategy can speed up production rate of crystalline powders (e.g., COF‐TAPT‐Tf@BmimTf2N in merely 30 minutes) under mild reaction conditions. This work highlights the enabling role of ILs to tailor the layer stacking of 2D COFs and promotes further exploration of their stacking mode‐dependant applications.
Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction by Near‐Infrared‐Light (1200 nm) Irradiation and a Ruthenium‐Intercalated NiAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Li Shaoquan , Li Zixian , Yue Jianing , Wang Huijuan , Wang Yujun , Su Wenli , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Liu Lihong , Zhang Wenkai , Zhao Yufei
Published: June 2024

Near‐infrared light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction (NIR‐CO2PR) holds tremendous promise for the production of valuable commodity chemicals and fuels. However, designing photocatalysts capable of reducing CO2 with low energy NIR photons remains challenging. Herein, a novel NIR‐driven photocatalyst comprising an anionic Ru complex intercalated between NiAl‐layered double hydroxide nanosheets (NiAl‐Ru‐LDH) is shown to deliver efficient CO2 photoreduction (0.887 μmol h−1) with CO selectivity of 84.81 % under 1200 nm illumination and excellent stability over 50 testing cycles. This remarkable performance results from the intercalated Ru complex lowering the LDH band gap (0.98 eV) via a compression‐related charge redistribution phenomenon. Furthermore, transient absorption spectroscopy data verified light‐induced electron transfer from the Ru complex towards the LDH sheets, increasing the availability of electrons to drive CO2PR. The presence of hydroxyl defects in the LDH sheets promotes the adsorption of CO2 molecules and lowers the energy barriers for NIR‐CO2PR to CO. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of NIR‐CO2PR at wavelengths up to 1200 nm in LDH‐based photocatalyst systems.
Two RNA Folds from One Sequence: A Ribozyme with Versatile Substrate Processing Abilities
Authors: Zhu Jikang , Dierks Dorothea , Möller Christina , Balke Darko , Müller Sabine
Published: June 2024

We report the design of a single RNA sequence capable of adopting one of two ribozyme folds and catalyzing the cleavage and/or ligation of the respective substrates. The RNA is able to change its conformation in response to its environment, hence it is called chameleon ribozyme (CHR). Efficient RNA cleavage of two different substrates as well as RNA ligation by CHR is demonstrated in separate experiments and in a one pot reaction. Our study shows that sequence variants of the hairpin ribozyme intersect with the hammerhead ribozyme and that rather short RNA molecules can have comprehensive conformational flexibility, which is an important feature for the emergence of new functional folds in early evolution.
A Renal Clearable Nano‐Assembly with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Amplified Superoxide Radical and Heat Generation to Overcome Hypoxia Resistance in Phototherapeutics
Authors: Zhao Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Xiaojun , Xu Yihui , Chen Zixuan , Hwang Bokyeong , Kim Heejeong , Liu Hao , Li Xingshu , Yoon Juyoung
Published: June 2024

Given that type I photosensitizers (PSs) possess a good hypoxic tolerance, developing an innovative tactic to construct type I PSs is crucially important, but remains a challenge. Herein, we present a smart molecular design strategy based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism to develop a type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent with an encouraging amplification effect for accurate hypoxic tumor therapy. Of note, benefiting from the FRET effect, the obtained nanostructured type I PDT agent (NanoPcSZ) with boosted light‐harvesting ability not only amplifies superoxide radical (O2•‐) production but also promotes heat generation upon near‐infrared light irradiation. These features facilitate NanoPcSZ to realize excellent phototherapeutic response under both normal and hypoxic environments. As a result, both in vitro and in vivo experiments achieved a remarkable improvement in therapeutic efficacy via the combined effect of photothermal action and type I photoreaction. Notably, NanoPcSZ can be eliminated from organs (including the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney) apart from the tumor site and excreted through urine within 24 h of its systemic administration. In this way, the potential biotoxicity of drug accumulation can be avoided and the biosafety can be further enhanced.
Parent–infant interaction trajectories in infants with an elevated likelihood for autism in relation to 3‐year clinical outcome
Authors: Papageorgopoulou Eirini , Jones Emily J. H. , Johnson Mark H. , Charman Tony , Green Jonathan , Wan Ming Wai ,   The BASIS‐STAARS Team
Published: June 2024

Developmental antecedents of autism may affect parent–infant interactions (PII), altering the context in which core social skills develop. While studies have identified differences in PII between infants with and without elevated likelihood (EL) for autism, samples have been small. Here, we examined whether previously reported differences are replicable. From a longitudinal study of 113 EL and 27 typical likelihood infants (TL), 6‐min videotaped unstructured PII was blind rated at 8 and 14 months on eight interactional qualities. Autism outcome was assessed at 36 months. Linear mixed‐effects models found higher parent sensitive responsiveness, nondirectiveness, and mutuality ratings in TL than EL infants with and without later autism. PII qualities at 8 (infant positive affect, parent directiveness) and 14 months (infant attentiveness to parent, mutuality) predicted 3‐year autism. Attentiveness to parent decreased between 8 and 14 months in EL infants with later autism. This larger study supports previous findings of emerging alterations in PII in this group and extends on this by detecting earlier (8‐month) predictive effects of PII for autism outcome and a more marked trajectory of decreased social attentiveness. The findings strengthen the evidence base to support the implementation of early preemptive interventions to support PII in infants with early autism signs.
From home to boardroom: Marital status and its influence on ESG disclosure
Authors: Al Amosh Hamzeh
Published: June 2024

This research article investigates the relationship between the marital status of board members and organizations' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure, with Jordan as the study context. The investigation, grounded in established governance theories, primarily agency theory, stewardship theory, and social identity theory, adds a novel dimension to the discourse on corporate governance perspective. The study sample included 81 nonfinancial companies listed on the Amman stoke exchange from 2012 to 2021. The findings disclose a pronounced positive relationship between married board members and ESG disclosure separately and collectively, pointing to a normative commitment emanating from their personal lives that extends into their roles as corporate stewards, influencing corporate sustainability, and ethical governance. Conversely, the results did not indicate a relationship between single board members and ESG disclosure. The study underscores the importance of considering the personal attributes of board members in shaping corporate governance and ESG practices. Also, it encourages a broader perspective on how diverse personal backgrounds can enhance sustainability and ethical values within organizations by advocating for boards that reflect diverse marital statuses and a commitment to family values, benefitting not only shareholders but also society at large.
Sustainable transformation: An interaction of green entrepreneurship, green innovation, and green absorptive capacity to redefine green competitive advantage
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad Usman , Jianhua Zhang , Naveed Khwaja , Zia Umair , Sherani Mrs
Published: June 2024

This study examines the moderated mediation model grounded in the natural resource‐based view (NRBV) theory, evaluating the influence of green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) on green competitive advantage (GCA) in Pakistani manufacturing firms. It emphasises the mediating role of green innovation (GI) and the conditional impact of green absorptive capacity (GAC). The study used hierarchical regression and moderated mediation analyses on a dataset consisting of 373 responses. The results reveal that GEO significantly influences GCA, with both radical and incremental GI (IGI) partially mediating this relationship. Moreover, the relationship between GEO, radical GI (RGI), and GCA is strengthened when GAC is high. The moderated mediating effects reveal that the mediating role of RGI is more pronounced when GAC is high. These findings provide valuable insights into enhancing green competitiveness by promoting eco‐innovation in manufacturing companies and advancing green entrepreneurship research.
Catalytic and Selective Red Light‐Triggered Photodegradation of a G‐Quadruplex DNA by a Zinc (II) Phthalocyanine
Authors: Odahara Yusuke , Momotake Atsuya , Syokaku Yuri , Yamamoto Yasuhiko
Published: June 2024

Water‐soluble phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives have been regarded as potential G‐quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid‐targeting ligands for anticancer therapy and have been extensively studied as effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Understanding how photosensitizers interact with nucleic acids and the subsequent photolytic reactions is essential for deciphering the initial steps of PDT, thereby aiding in the development of new photosensitizing agents. In this study, we found that red‐light irradiation of a mixture of a Zn(II) Pc derivative and an all‐parallel G4 DNA leads to catalytic and selective photodegradation of the DNA by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from the Zn(II) Pc derivative bound to DNA through a reaction mechanism similar to that of an enzyme reaction. This finding provides a novel insight into the molecular design of a photosensitizer to enhance its PDT efficacy.
Tumor Acidity‐Triggered Bioorthogonal Reactions for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Xiajian , Ullah Ihsan , Yuan Youyong
Published: June 2024

Cancer is one of the most serious threats to human health. Over the past few years, researchers have incrementally uncovered the pivotal role of tumor acidity in tumor formation, development, and treatment. In addition, bioorthogonal reactions have been widely used in tumor diagnosis and therapy, owing to their advantageous characteristics, including small ligand size, biocompatibility, fast reaction kinetics, and high chemospecificity. Consequently, bioorthogonal reactions triggered by tumor acidity have become an emerging strategy in biomedical applications. On this basis, we first elucidate the concept and major strategies of tumor acidity‐triggered bioorthogonal reactions. Additionally, we review the progress in biomedical applications, with a particular focus on their importance in disease diagnosis and treatment. Finally, clinical challenges and future trends are also outlooked.
Agreement of medical record abstraction and self‐report of breast cancer treatment with an extended recall window
Authors: Reiner Anne S. , Knight Julia A. , John Esther M. , Lynch Charles F. , Malone Kathleen E. , Liang Xiaolin , Woods Meghan , Root James C. , Bernstein Jonine L.
Published: June 2024

Background

Medical record abstraction (MRA) and self‐report questionnaires are two methods frequently used to ascertain cancer treatment information. Prior studies have shown excellent agreement between MRA and self‐report, but it is unknown how a recall window longer than 3 years may affect this agreement.

Methods

The Women’s Environmental Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study is a multicenter, population‐based case‐control study of controls with unilateral breast cancer individually matched to cases with contralateral breast cancer. Participants who were diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer from 1985 to 2008 before the age of 55 years completed a questionnaire that included questions on treatment. First primary breast cancer treatment information was abstracted from the medical record from radiation oncology clinic notes for radiation treatment and from systemic adjuvant treatment reports for hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Agreement between MRA and self‐reported treatment was assessed with the kappa statistic and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 2808 participants with MRA and self‐reported chemotherapy treatment information, 2733 participants with MRA and self‐reported hormone therapy information, and 2905 participants with MRA and self‐reported radiation treatment information were identified. The median recall window was 12.5 years (range, 2.8–22.2 years). MRA and self‐reported treatment agreement was excellent across treatment modalities (kappachemo, 98.5; 95% CI, 97.9–99.2; kappahorm, 87.7; 95% CI, 85.9–89.5; kapparad, 97.9; 95% CI, 97.0–98.7). There was no heterogeneity across recall windows (pchemo = .46; phorm = .40; prad = .61).

Conclusions

Agreement between self‐reported and MRA primary breast cancer treatment modality information was excellent for young women diagnosed with breast cancer and was maintained even among women whose recall window was more than 20 years after diagnosis.
Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer with Pendant Thioxanthenone Groups as Active Layer for Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Odintsov Danila S. , Gismatulin Andrei A. , Shundrina Inna K. , Buktoyarova Alexandra D. , Os'kina Irina A. , Beckmann Jens , Azarov Ivan A. , Dementeva Ekaterina V. , Shundrin Leonid A. , Gritsenko Vladimir A.
Published: June 2024

An electro‐active copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2‐((4‐acroylpiperazine‐1‐yl)methyl)‐9H‐thioxanthene‐9‐one (poly(MMA‐co‐ThS)) was synthesized by radical polymerization. The copolymer has good solubility in most organic solvents, thermal stability up to 282 °C and excellent ability to form thin films on silicon wafers. Poly(MMA‐co‐ThS) films exhibited an electrochemical and electrochromic activity resulting in the formation of long‐lived radical anion states of pendant thioxanthone groups inside the film. These states exhibit optical transitions in the visible region as a broad optical absorption band, 500<λ<900 nm (1.38<Wopt(ThS)<2.48 eV) with a maximum at λmax=675 nm (1.84 eV). Using temperature measurements of the current–voltage characteristics of p‐Si(100)/poly(MMA‐co‐ThS)/Al devices, it was shown that the charge transport in the film occurs by a multiphonon mechanism, which is quantitatively described by the Nasyrov–Gritsenko model of phonon‐assisted tunneling between traps. The value of the optical transition energy of the trap, determined by the Nasyrov–Gritsenko model, Wopt=1.8 eV, is in a good agreement with Wopt(ThS), confirming the nature of the traps as 9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one structures. The n++Si(100)/poly(MMA‐co‐ThS)/Al memory device exhibited a memristive effect (reversible ON/OFF switching of the device) with an initial “forming” cycle followed by repetitive memory cycles characterized by bipolar switching.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Low‐Temperature NH3‐SCR over Cu‐Exchanged Chabazite
Authors: Feng Yingxin , Grönbeck Henrik
Published: June 2024

Cu‐exchanged chabazite (Cu‐CHA) is widely used for ammonia assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NH3‐SCR). The Cu+ ions are at low temperatures solvated by NH3 forming mobile [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes. The dynamic behaviour of the complexes is critical as O2 adsorption requires a pair of complexes to form a [Cu2(NH3)4O2]2+ peroxo‐species over which NO couples with NH3. Here we introduce a first principles‐based kinetic Monte Carlo approach to explore the effect of the Al‐distribution on the reaction kinetics of NH3‐SCR over Cu‐CHA. The method allows us to scrutinize the interplay between the pairing of [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes and the reaction landscape for the NH3‐SCR reaction over the peroxo‐complex. The Al‐distribution affects the stability of the [Cu(NH3)2]+ pairs as well as the kinetic parameters of the SCR‐reaction. The turn‐over frequency is determined by the stability of the [Cu(NH3)2]+ pairs and the relative strength of NO and NH3 adsorption once a pair is present. The results establish the hierarchy of effects that influences the performance of Cu‐CHA over NH3‐SCR and provide a computational basis for further development of the Cu‐CHA material.
Hierarchical single‐objective variable double voltage vector model predictive control with low computational burden for cascaded H‐bridge multilevel converter
Authors: Han Jingang , Li Xiangyu , Tang Tianhao
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a single objective variable double voltage vector model predictive control (SOV‐DVVMPC) to lower the computational burden for single‐phase cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) converters is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on a hierarchical structure to control the grid‐connected current and capacitor voltage without a weighting factor. Firstly, layer I controls the grid‐connected current to select the optimal region, the cost function related to the voltage region is designed and the optimal state is calculated directly by analyzing the linear relationship between the divided region and its adjacent voltage levels, which can reduce the computational burden. Correspondingly, the optimal vectors are symmetrically distributed over the entire control cycle by a modulation principle, fulfilling the fixed switching frequency (FSF) of the system. Then, layer II uses redundant switching states to maintain capacitor voltage balancing. Finally, a single‐phase CHB converter experiment setup is constructed, the results show that compared with DVV‐MPC, the execution time of SOV‐DVVMPC is reduced by 26.4%, and compared with traditional MPC, the switching frequency is fixed and the output current quality is improved.
Low power and noise‐immune 9 T compute SRAM cell design based on differential power generator and Schmitt‐trigger logics with14 nm FinFET technology
Authors: Praveen Pushkar , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

The excessive power usage in modern digital equipment is triggered by memory arrays, mainly including Static Random‐Access Memory (SRAM) chips. Many scientists are working to create an SRAM cell that is fast, highly stable, and uses little power. However, the traditional SRAM cells have instability and read/write failure at scaled technology nodes. This study proposes a Differential Power Schmitt‐Trigger Logic 9 Tcompute SRAM (DPSTL‐9 TCSRAM) cell design with high read‐and‐write stability and low energy consumption. In SRAM cells, the sensing amplifier (SA), pre‐charge circuit, row decoder, and column decoder are the primary operational elements. Through the use of a single‐bitline (SBL) configuration and a one‐sided Schmitt‐trigger (ST) inverter (STI), the proposed deisgn cell achieves an outstanding read stability performance. In this work, the differential Power Generation (DPG) technique is employed to improve the architecture's writing capacity. The standard AND gates are combined with Schmitt‐trigger logic AND gates to improve noise tolerance while consuming less power and taking up less space. Instead of using a power‐gating mechanism, this research focuses on modifying a power delay product (PDP) circuit to increase the cell's read‐and‐write operation efficiency. The modified decoupled SA plays a major role in the access time and provides significant benefits in terms of read latency. Tanner EDA Tool platform version 16.0 can be used to execute the specified design. The performance metrics of stability, area, latency, and power analysis are examined, and also, the Monte Carlo simulation and reliability simulation are conducetd to show the efficacy of the proposed design.