bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF STRIP-BAND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH INCREASED CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION THROUGH USE OF PSSEVDOVIDOVYPOVY
Authors: Semenko Anatoliy , Kushnir Nikolaj , Bokla Natalia , Shestopal Yevhen
Published: April 2021

Currently, special attention is paid to the creation of broadband telecommunications systems with a noise-like signal. Such systems have indisputable advantages in noise immunity, in the confidentiality of information transmission, electromagnetic compatibility with neighboring electronic devices. The formation of a broadband signal in most cases is carried out by the method of direct spreading of the spectrum by manipulating the carrier frequency signal by a pulse pseudo-random sequence (PVP) –m-sequence, Gold, Kasami, Walsh sequence. Sequences such as a well-known attacker can pick up in the receiver and they can not be considered reliable protection of information.
The use of the phenomenon of dynamic chaos provides an opportunity to find a new class of PVP, the structure of which is almost impossible to reproduce, so their use provides increased confidentiality of information transmission. PVP generators are built on the basis of one-dimensional chaotic mappings - logistic, quadratic and cubic, which are chaotic systems.
When creating a PVP based on chaos, three secret encryption keys are used: for example, for logistic separation, this is the initial value, the equation parameter, and the start of the sequence.
To increase the cryptosecurity of telecommunication systems, it is proposed to create PVP based on 2 chaotic signals (by logistic and quadratic mappings), which provides an increase in secret keys from three to six. The paper proposes a scheme for building a telecommunications system with high confidentiality of information transmission through the use of such PVP.
ADVANCED METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF MALICIOUS SOFTWARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF CREATING SIGNATURES
Authors: Yehorov Serhii , Shkvarnytska Tetyana
Published: April 2021

The method of basic static analysis of harmful software is considered, which is based on searching and analyzing the term in files that are built using the PE (Portable Executable) format. The method of basic static analysis of malicious software is considered, which is based on the analysis of headers of executable files, and dynamic libraries, which are built using the PE format. An extended static analysis method is considered, which, in addition to analyzing the term and file headers, uses disassembly of executable files and dynamic libraries and further analysis of the resulting assembler text.
In order to penetrate the operating system, cybercriminals use specialized software and network attacks. Moreover, a network attack does not have to be massive and widespread. To penetrate a particular operating system, for example, you can take advantage of vulnerabilities in both the operating system itself and the software that is installed on such an operating system. Moreover, successful attacks of this type are often made quiet and unobtrusive.
To prevent hacker attacks that are accompanied by hidden software installation and to minimize harm from such attacks, it is necessary to apply adequate countermeasures in a timely manner. One of the most widespread and easy methods of fighting hackers is the timely updating of software, virus databases, installation and configuration of a firewall.
Everything related to software updates is a reaction to threats that have already been identified. Therefore, the software update does not provide protection against the threats just identified. That is why the signatures of virus databases are created as a result of the analysis of the detected virus programs. Antivirus software also uses program behavior analysis to enhance the detection of malware. But even in this case, it is necessary to analyze the disassembled text of malicious software to identify new types of abnormal activity. Therefore, the analysis of malicious software is an urgent task and determines the direction of the study.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT INTERNET OF THINGS AND THE DYNAMICS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES
Authors: Pyrih Yuliia , Kaidan Mykola , Hordiichuk-Bublivska Olena
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the concept of "Internet of Things", which is increasingly penetrating into various spheres of human life and contributes to a significant qualitative change in economic, operational and technological processes. The stages of functioning of the Internet of Things and the levels of its architecture are considered. Based on an analysis of a number of literature sources, the IoT has the greatest impact on six industries such as electricity and housing, health, agriculture and livestock, freight transportation and storage, smart city and construction, and manufacturing. A description of the main types of services for each of these industries and the role of the Internet of Things for its development. It is determined that the application of IoT solutions: in energy - allows to reduce the cost of infrastructure operation, prevent serious accidents and increase the efficiency of asset use; in healthcare - provides real-time streaming of data from devices that monitor the human condition, which allows for accurate diagnosis, increase the accuracy of results and optimize the provision of medical care; in agriculture and livestock - allows to significantly increase the efficiency of cultivation and reduce losses of agricultural products by raising awareness in decision-making and the ability to respond quickly to changes in weather, prices, market situation, etc .; for transportation and storage of goods - allows to provide smooth movement of operations and reduction of underutilization of resources for profit maximization; for "smart city" and construction - allows you to fundamentally improve the city's economy, improve living standards and public safety through more efficient management of housing and communal services, transport and services for the population; for industrial production - allows you to optimize production processes, modify business models, as well as increase productivity and efficiency, while reducing costs. The scheme of intelligent transport system for the city of Kyiv is presented.
FORMATION OF WAVELET - TRANSFORM SIGNALS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THRESHOLD FUNCTIONS IN THE DIGITAL STREAM COMPRESSION PROBLEM
Authors: Solodka Valentina , Osharovska Olena , Patlayenko Mukola , Podolska Anastasia
Published: April 2021

In order to reduce the digital stream, the problem of improving the quality of digital filtering based on Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) was analyzed using different options for setting the threshold function and the choice of wavelet basis. Given the considerable interest in this problem and the numerous studies concerning the search for ways to optimize the suppression of interference present in signals and images, the topic continues to be relevant and important. For such tasks as image compression, operations in processing and synthesis of different signals, in the analysis of images of different nature, in reducing (compressing) large amounts of information, and to protect information is often used wavelet transform, implemented on the basis of mirror filters. For the formation of wavelet-transform signals taking into account the threshold functions in the problem of digital stream compression, a standard approach to solving the problem of signal purification from interference and random distortions using Daubechies wavelet and adjusting the signal decomposition coefficients based on wavelet functions using soft and rigid threshold task options.
It is shown that the use of complex bases provides an advantage both in terms of threshold filtering error and in terms of reducing the risk of accidental distortion in the reconstruction of the useful signal by wavelet coefficients. Appropriate steps were taken for the test signal and experimental data. When using the threshold function, the large modulus (most significant) wavelet coefficients remain unchanged, and the small ones are reset to zero. The change in the amplitude of the recovered signal leads in the latter case to a decrease in the absolute values of all wavelet coefficients, including large modulo. For those applications where it is important to keep the amplitude characteristics constant, this approach is not suitable, but there are problems where it is more important to maintain the regularity of the signal than to accurately reproduce its amplitude. Rhis is the filtering of images from various obstacles, where the method of "soft" task of the threshold function is a widely used approach. When analyzing signals, the constant amplitude is also not always a mandatory requirement. An audio signal can be amplified after filtering, and pre-cleaning it from interference is more important than changing the amplitude characteristics.
The use of complex wavelet transform allowed to obtain error reduction and lower threshold level when adjusting wavelet coefficients, and can be recommended for analysis of complex wavelet transform methods as an effective tool for cleaning signals and images of different nature for further research.
International scientific and practical conference CUTTING EDGE-SCIENCE 2021 January-February
Authors: Authors Collective
Published: April 2021

We are representing an aggregate of online-based scientific and practical journals with open access, published by Primedia E-launch LLC and peer-reviewed by experts in the relevant field. Open access policy gives us the opportunity to deliver full-text articles from our journals to our readers, free of charge. This allows our authors to reach a greater audience, increasing the citation rate of their scientific works.
Approximating fixed points of enriched nonexpansive mappings by Krasnoselskij iteration in Hilbert spaces
Authors:   TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTRE AT BAIA MARE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE VICTORIEI 76, RO-430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: vberinde@cunbm.utcluj.ro, BERINDE VASILE ,   ACADEMY OF ROMANIAN SCIENTISTS E-mail address: vasile.berinde@gmail.com
Published: April 2021

Using the technique of enrichment of contractive type mappings by Krasnoselskij averaging, presented here for the first time, we introduce and study the class of enriched nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. In order to approximate the fixed points of enriched nonexpansive mappings we use the Krasnoselskij iteration for which we prove strong and weak convergence theorems. Examples to illustrate the richness of the new class of contractive mappings are also given. Our results in this paper extend some classical convergence theorems established by Browder and Petryshyn in [Browder, F. E., Petryshyn, W. V., Construction of fixed points of nonlinear mappings in Hilbert space, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 20 (1967), 197–228] from the case of nonexpansive mappings to that of enriched nonexpansive mappings,thus including many other important related results from literature as particular cases.
LIFESTYLE OF CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN YOUTH: ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR ANNOTATION
Authors: Vorobyova I. N.
Published: April 2021

Fundamental changes in Russian society entailed a change in living conditions, ways of organizing it, and life styles. The relevance of the practical study of life styles as the basis for the stratification of society is justified by its ability to reflect the totality of the individual’s life practices that are closely related to his attitudes, life principles. The lifestyle shows the behavior of a person in labor activity, the main consumer practices, the organization of leisure activities, inclusion in public organizations, his orientation to socio-economic activity in general. In conditions of sufficient theoretical elaboration of this topic by foreign and domestic authors, there is a clear gap in the practical multicomponent, in accordance with the studied value, measurement of the prevailing lifestyle. Based on the theoretical model, starting from the works of P. Bourdieu G.-P. Muller, Bauman, J. Baudrillard, the author offers a practical indicator model for measuring lifestyle and gives an example of its testing on the population of the city of Cherepovets. The main practical indicators of lifestyle are: locus of responsibility (internal or external), level of claims, attitudes toward work, leisure preferences, breadth of developed consumer practices.

In the practical part of the article, the author, citing the results of the study for all age groups, focuses on the specifics of the stylized attitudes of youth as one of the most promising categories for the development of society. Argued evidence of the passivity of modern youth, overstated claims and self-esteem with a low level of attitudes toward social, economic and social participation and participation in society are given. Young people are traditionally distinguished by a higher level of socio-economic optimism, the index of social sentiments in this group is higher than among the entire population. Young people have a locus of responsibility that is ambiguous for interpretation. On the one hand, they believe that their financial situation and career depend on themselves, on the other hand, external factors (luck, good connections, rich influential parents) often consider the factor to achieve a high position in society. Young people are not distinguished by high socio-economic activity and readiness for it. The results of the study confirm that not all young people seek to take an active part in volunteer activities. Young people participate in actions most often of an entertainment plan and are much less likely to take responsibility and take part in political and public affairs.
LIFE ON DISPLAY: WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO EXPOSE YOUR ACTIONS ON THE SOCIAL NETWORK
Authors: Starchenko A. E. , Semina M. V.
Published: April 2021

Social networks have emerged relatively recently in human life, but have already become an integral part of it. Companies tell about themselves, their activities, innovations, promotions and events in their profiles. This helps increase audience coverage, tell more about your brand, products, services. People in personal accounts have the opportunity to share their lives and creativity through photos, videos and texts. Now it is not necessary to receive higher education to become an operator, director or actor whose talent is recognized by society. It is enough to start a page on the social network and start sharing your knowledge and creativity.
To find out why people post photos, videos and write texts on their social networks, a pilot sociological study was carried out. The method of deep interview with active users of social networks was chosen to carry out the study. The interview allowed getting unique information, to learn the opinion of users about social networks, the impact of the new way of communication on their life, to identify the reasons why users start and maintain profiles.
The respondents were 20 users of social networks between the ages of 19 and 22. Interviewees have profiles on the most popular Instagram and Vkontakte networks. As a result of the analysis of the interview, a tendency was revealed to differ in the perception of users of their actions on the social network and similar actions of other users. Their content is perceived by them as opportunities to be in sight, as a resource to form their social status and an element of influence on their reference group. And the same content published by others is perceived as boasting.
ACTIVITIES OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF COLLECTIVE ACTION
Authors: Kosygina K. E.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the activities of non-profit organizations in terms of the theory of collective action. The results of the study are presented from the general issues of the creation and characteristics of the activities of non-profit sector organizations to private practices that reflect the results of their work in the context of organizing joint activities of citizens. The theoretical part of the study is devoted to the theory of collective action and the concepts of the origin of non-profit organizations. It is revealed that the theory of collective action proposed by M. Olson may be the starting point in considering the emergence and functioning of nonprofit organizations. Further, based on an analysis of the characteristics of the organizational and legal forms of non-profit organizations by the method of team formation, it is proved that non-profit organizations are an organized form of voluntary collective action. Using official statistics (the sample survey – Comprehensive observation of the living conditions of the population) it was found that the level of population involvement in social practices is still at a fairly low level, but has growth potential, since a tendency to increase civil participation in three years is revealed the activities of the institutions in question. On the example of two cases (Moscow and Perm Territory), the effectiveness of the work of public organizations as organizers of collective actions is proved. The conclusion talks about the development prospects of the non-profit sector. In the face of a difficult economic situation, the issue of maintaining a positive direction of collective action in partnership with large business that is interested in maintaining civil consent and with stable state support is on the agenda. A promising area of research may be the study of the form of collective action through the organization of initiative groups that work without state registration and the formation of a legal entity, this form is mainly prevalent in small towns, especially in rural areas.
THE PROBLEM OF OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE STUDENT’S KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Apatova N. V. , Gaponov A. I.
Published: April 2021

In the modern pedagogical literature a large number of works are devoted to the issue of
evaluating students mastered knowledge. Ensuring the quality of diagnostics of the level of knowledge acquisition by students of educational organizations is based on an adequate, reasonable, acceptable and accessible mathematical apparatus. The adequacy and validity of the mathematical apparatus allows you to significantly reduce the influence
of the subjective factor on the assessment of knowledge acquisition and minimize objections to its application. On the other hand, acceptability makes it possible to use a specific situation under consideration as a diagnosis, taking into account only its inherent nuances. Accessibility also means the ability to use the proposed mathematical algorithm by teachers who have the necessary minimum of elements of the proposed mathematical apparatus.
The article considers the possibility of determining the level of development of the studied topic by students on the basis of five factors of knowledge acquisition: 1. Understanding; 2. Recognition; 3.Reproduction; 4. Application; 5. Creativity. In this case, the calculations are performed by using a simplified method of hierarchy analysis and fuzzy set theory in order to reduce the subjectivity inherent in the rating system of evaluation, the use of elements of the hierarchy analysis method and fuzzy logic is proposed.
The fuzzy set theory algorithm is implemented using the fuzzy Logic Toolbox application
package of the MATLAB software environment. Using the method of hierarchy analysis is to aggregate scores based on the application of a matrix of paired comparisons. The synthesis of these methods allows us to obtain a fairly effective comparative assessment of students development of educational material.
On the basis of the considered methodology for evaluating students assimilation of
educational material, it is suggested that it is possible to reduce the influence of a subjective factor to a minimum.
DIDACTIC POSSIBILITIES OF COMPUTER MODELING OF BODY MOVEMENT ON LESSONS AT PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Mayer R. V.,
Published: April 2021

The didactic possibilities of the body movement modeling by replacing it with the material points system, which connected among themselves by weightless viscous elastic rods, are discussed. It is shown that the modeling of the body by a system of particles bound by viscoelastic weightless rods, obeying the basic law of dynamics, really allows: 1) to obtain the computer animation, i.e. the visual image of moving body at successive moments of time; 2) to plot the change of coordinates, velocities and accelerations of any of its points
over time; 3) to model the translational, rotational, flat and spherical motion of the body, the interaction of the body with the surface or other body, to study the swimming of bodies, precession of the gyroscope and other phenomena; 4) to activate the mental activity of students, increase their motivation to learn. The tasks are considered: about collision of viscoelastic body with solid surface; about destruction of beam with defect; about the rotating wheel falling on surface; about flight of the rubber ring; about collision of two bodies; about the swimming of body with attached load; about the flexible ruler falling on cylinder; about the chain falling on cylinder; about the disk rotating on the horizontal surface; about the tumbling disk; about the gyroscope precession. The paper contains 8 figures obtained as a result of computer modeling of the above phenomena. As result of the analysis of the solved problems, it is shown that the modeling of a viscoelastic body by the method of bound particles has great didactic possibilities. It allows: 1) to study translational, rotational motion, deformation of bodies, gyroscope precession, etc., to update the knowledge of the relevant concepts and laws of mechanics; 2) to intensify the educational and cognitive activity of students, to increase their motivation for learning and its effectiveness; 3) to master the method of computer modeling, get acquainted with the solution of various professional tasks, explain the algorithms used and the simulation results at the school or pedagogical university level; 4) to develop the physical and algorithmic thinking, the ability to use the coordinate method and to perform information processing; 5) to organize an interactive dialogue between the student and the computer program; 6) to visualize information about the state of the object, build the trajectory of its points, the dependency graphs of coordinates and speeds on time; 7) to create various animations of body movement, to form a visual image of the corresponding phenomena; 8) to create problematic situations that require editing a computer program, changing
system parameters, initial conditions and external influences; 9) to deepen the inter-subject connections between mathematics, physics and computer science.
INTALIA WITH PANTHER IMAGE FROM A SANCTUARY OF KYTA
Authors: Moleva N. V.
Published: April 2021

A significant part of the materials from the excavations of the Bosporan city of Kyta, especially over the past 10 years, still remain unpublished. Among the most interesting finds at the site, the only intaglio found here stands out. The material, work and the nature of the image on it allow us to significantly replenish our knowledge about the spiritual life of the inhabitants of Kyta in the 4th century. BC.
«RIOT» OR «CHAOS»?: NATURE OF DISTURBANCE BETWEEN UDINSK AND SELENGINSK WARRIORS IN 1696
Authors: Bagrin E. A.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the disturbances of warriors from Selenginsk, Udinsk, Ilyinsky and Kabansky fortresses, which occurred in 1696. The author of the study believes that the events were not a direct struggle against state administration. Most of the actions of Transbaikalye residents, directed against the voivode A. Savelov, were not the riot and in most cases did not go beyond the legal framework. On the basis of those events were the erroneous policy of the state aimed at the garrisons formation in Western Transbaikalye, not at anti-feudal process as it was previously thought. The article focuses on the fact that the stage of involvement of Selenginsk and Udinsk military corporations in «troubles» was unequal. While Selenginsk warriors and part of the «old» Udinsk warriors had taken a moderate position in anticipation of conflict resolution with Irkutsk voivode with the help of the state some of Udinsk warriors, mainly the newly-recruited, were inclined to arbitrariness and violation of the law.
VETERANS OF GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AS INSTITUTE TEACHERS AT THE M. I. KALININ CRIMEAN AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE: PROSOPOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT
Authors: Kravchuk A. S.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of integration into the peaceful life of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, who found themselves at the teaching at the M. I. Kalinin Crimean Agricultural Institute. We used a cross-cutting analysis of the personal files of the institute’s employees, which allowed us to detect previously unknown participants of the war, as well as to reconstruct the behavior patterns and service practices of institute teachers, and to make a prosopographic portrait of them. Personal qualities, education level, work experience, and age had a key impact on the ability of veterans to adapt to the realities of civilian life. Age played a decisive role: the younger the war participant was, the easier it was for him to find himself in a prestigious teaching job at the institute. The veterans who entered the institute occupied a high position in Soviet society. They had an above-average income and enjoyed some benefits. Moreover, the professors had access to scarce goods. The participants of the Great Patriotic War made a significant contribution to the restoration and development of the Soviet system of education.
YOUNG KURDS AND YOUNG TURKS: FEATURES OF NATIONAL-POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURIES
Authors: Mikhailov V. V.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the little-studied question of the relationship between the young Turk and young Kurd movements in the crucial years for the Ottoman Empire preceding the revolution of 1908. The formation of the Kurdish identity and the beginning of the cultural and political movement in the late XIX century. it was received ambiguously in the Ottoman Empire. Thus, unlike the Armenian political movement, the leaders of Turkey’s Kurds expressed the full commitment of the Central government and the Empire reforms, whose purpose in part was to involve the Kurdish population in a more active participation in economic life. It is significant that after the victory of the young Turk revolution of 1908, there was a split in Kurdish society and among its leaders in relation to the new government and its slogans. The Kurdish movement showed great conservatism and adherence to traditional Islamic values, while the pan-Turkist Pro-European ideology of the young Turk political elite was not accepted by the main Kurdish mass. Nevertheless, during the First world war, the Kurds of the Ottoman Empire remained loyal to the government, actively waging an armed struggle against the enemies of the Empire.
SHELL MITES (ACARIFORMES, ORIBATIDA) INTRA-MOUNTAIN DAGESTAN (GUNIB DISTRICT)
Authors: Davudova E. Z.
Published: April 2021

Carapace mites are important regulators of the mineralization of organic residues and the immobilization of various biogens in the soil. In the course of the research conducted on the territory of the Gunib district of the Republic of Dagestan, only 89 species of shell mites belonging to 61 genera and 41 families were identified. New data have been obtained that complement the list of species of shell mites in the Caucasus as a whole. Recently described Liacarus (Dorycranosus) musaevi, and two endemics of the Caucasus – Xenillus sculptrus and Suctobelba cornigera – were noted for region. Among other groups of soil microfauna, shell mites occupy a leading position, both in terms of their number and abundance of species. In studies conducted in mountain systems, it was found that the General pattern is a decrease in the number of microarthropods with an increase in absolute height. Very often, the pattern of changes in the taxonomic richness and population density of the microarthropod complex is diamond-shaped, characterized by maxima in the zone with the most favorable microclimate for a large group of species. From top to bottom, the microarthropod population density and taxonomic richness decrease along the mountain profile. As a result of the study, the maximum population density and abundance of oribatid species is observed in the soil of a birch forest and its gradual decrease as it transitions to grasslands, which is explained by changes in the hydrothermal conditions of soil horizons, both due to an increase in height and due to a change in the nature of vegetation to treeless.
ECOLOGICAL AND CENOTIC ANALYSIS OF PTERIDOFLORA SPECIES REGISTERED ON THE TERRITORY OF THE ABKHAZIAN FLORISTIC REGION OF THE CAUCASUS
Authors: Saltykov A. N.
Published: April 2021

Studies of the processes of natural renewal of Crimean pine, carried out during 2018–2019, on the mountain ranges of the Yalta Mountain Forest Reserve allowed us to establish a number of the following features. The surge of renewal is transient in time and the basis of the coenopopulations of undergrowth at the object of research is made up of plants that appeared in the first two post-fire years. Individuals that appeared in subsequent years occupy vacant places in the conditions of existing renewal niches, complementing the structure of the age spectra of pine undergrowth, emphasizing the asymmetry of the spectral distribution series. On the one hand, the spatial structure of undergrowth coenopopulations is a representation of the “matrix” of forest fire, on the other hand, it is determined by the structure of pine trees’ fruiting. The monotonous decrease in the density of the population field of undergrowth, due to the remoteness of the walls of the mother plantings and the specifics of seed dispersal, is supplemented by the alternation of undergrowth biogroups of increased density. The presence of areas of increased density against the background of constantly decreasing density of plants with a distance from the walls of the mother plant is predetermined by the influence of testes and seed curtains preserved during the fire. At each specific point in the renewal space, the structure of the process or its shape will be determined by the influence of external environmental and internal endogenous factors due to the biogroup effect of plant groupings. Polyvariance of the spatio-age structure of the undergrowth in the gorelnik space is the result of autoregulation of the cenopopulation structure in accordance with the capacity of the existing renewal niches.
THE STUDY OF POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ECOLOGICAL GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS EPIPHYTIC MICROBIOTA STELLARIA MEDIA AND URTICA DIOICA
Authors: Lapkina E. Z. , Saveleva E. E. , Tyrranen L. S. , Bulgakova N.A.
Published: April 2021

The dynamics of the strength of the epiphytic microbiota of the root zone and phyllosphere of the Stellaria media and Urtica dioica in the vegetation phase of plants (seedlings, flowering, fruiting) was studied. The data on the strength of microorganisms of ecotrophic groups are presented: ammonifying bacteria using mineral forms of nitrogen, bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, micromycetes and bacteria in the spore stage. It was determined that the medium-sized microbiota of the Stellaria media is more strengthen than the Urtica dioica, which is probably due to the morphoanatomical features of plants and the metabolites produced. The microbiota of the rhizosphere of plants of the Stellaria media and Urtica dioica is much more strength than the phyllosphere due to the root exudates of plants that provide food for microorganisms. The dynamics of the microbiota of the rhizosphere reflects the unequal level of metabolite production by plants in different phases of vegetation. The total strength of aerobic bacteria that metabolize organic nitrogen in the basal zone of Stellaria media increases in the flowering phase, and in the basal zone of Urtica dioica – in the phase of seedlings.The greatest strength of microscopic fungi during the flowering phase of Stellaria media is probably associated with the production of metabolites by plants and favorable weather conditions for the development of micromycetes. Micromycetes belong to the following genera: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Fusarium, Botrytis, Mucor, Aspergillus, Cladosporium. The strength of phyllosphere microorganisms varies according to the stages of plant vegetation. The Stellaria media and the Urtica dioica have a specific microbial complex, both in the aboveground and underground parts, which varies during the growing season and differs in a certain ratio of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms.
THE GENUS CYPRIPEDIUM IN THE COLLECTION OF THE CENTRAL SIBERIAN BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE SIBERIAN BRANCH RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Authors: Gerasimovich L. V.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the genus Cypripedium L., three of the studied species of this genus are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Biological material was taken from natural phytocenoses of the Novosibirsk region and the Altai Republic and introduced on the collection site of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden. The adaptive response of individuals was studied at the morphological level depending on environmental changes in ex situ conditions. The presence of all main stages in the phenological cycle in the adapting representatives of the three species (except for fruiting in Cypripedium × ventricosum) is an indicator of optimal ecological conditions for ex situ. A comparative analysis of morphometric characters in generative individuals was carried out and significant differences between in situ and ex situ were revealed. The adaptive changes associated with the response to natural abiotic ecological conditions were also identified. The revealed differences in morphometric data for the three species allow us to note the presence of a significant adaptive reaction in C. calceolus and C. macranthon and relative adaptive inertia in C. × ventricosum. The ecological optimum in abiotic factors for the three studied species from the genus Cypripedium is the indicators for 2018.The factors for 2018 became optimal for the developmentt of generative buds, which led to 100 % flowering of individuals in C. macranthon in 2019. We also performed a dental analysis of the lower surface of the bracts in three species and studied the morphology of the stomatal apparatus. We have noted significant differences between the species, under the same eco-conditions, in the size of stomata and their number per 1 cm2.
RECONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS OF THE FIRST MASS SERIES WITH USE OF A HIGH-RISE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF STEEL
Authors: Shalenny V.T. , Akimov S.F. , Malahov V.D.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research aimed at developing and improving structural and organizational and technological solutions in projects for the reconstruction of five-story residential buildings of mass development, developing and improving methods of economic justification, measures to reduce the cost of the two considered options, the comparison of which will increase the efficiency of this type of reconstruction using a load-bearing steel frame.
ECONOMIC – MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE OPTIMAL PLACEMENT AND DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL CAPACITIES OF AN ENTERPRISES FOR THE PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASRE (MSW) AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors: Osmanov I.H.
Published: April 2021

The article considers an economic and mathematical model of optimal placement and determination of rational capacities of enterprises for processing solid household waste (SHW) at the regional level. The economic and mathematical model takes into account: factors that ensure the achievement of economic efficiency; ensuring environmental safety of the environment, the population of cities and towns. Environmental safety of SHW processing plants is of the utmost importance, since Crimea is a resort and recreation area. The role of state bodies in solving these urgent problems for the Crimea is considered.
FEATURES OF ORGANIZATION OF ENERGY-SAVING MEASURES AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Shtofer G.A. , Gaysarova A.A.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of implementing energy saving measures is to reduce the amount of energy resources used in the production of the required volume of production, works, and services by, first of all, implementing a set of organizational, technical, technological, and economic measures. An approach to the formation of energy-saving measures at the enterprise is presented, which involves taking into account information about the values of energy-saving targets at the regional level, as well as factors for improving energy efficiency at the enterprise.
CONTACT METHOD OF PHYTOTESTINGTOXICITY OF WASTE FROM CARBONITRATION TECHNOLOGYITEMS WITH FOLLOWING OXIDATION
Authors: Rogatenyuk E.V.
Published: April 2021

As part of the financial monitoring, considered from a functional point of view, there are two areas: monitoring the risks of involving organizations in the processes of legalization of criminal income; monitoring in the field of cash flows of economic entities, in respect of which information is collected and analyzed. The underestimation of legalization risks, the lack of effective methods of managing them, as well as the desire of foreign contractors to preserve their business reputation determine the relevance of studying these risks. The study revealed that in order to increase the level of control in the AML/CFT sphere, it is necessary to identify the risk zones in a timely manner — the zones where unusual transactions and transactions are likely to occur, which will allow for more efficient distribution of state resources and optimization of costs. The risk-based approach is the basis for identifying risks and developing appropriate measures. The National risk assessment system is based on this approach.
Program TOOLS of FUEL-ENERGY COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Nalivaychenko E.V. , Volkov A.D. , Tishkov S.V.
Published: April 2021

At the current stage of aggravation of the geopolitical confrontation and price wars on the global energy market, the need to update the strategic goals and objectives of the development of the Arctic as one of the key oil, gas and mineral resource centers of the country is significantly increasing. The article examines the strategic directions of social-economic development of the Arctic zone of Russia in the context of state regulation of the development of geostrategic territories. The article presents measures to implement strategic goals for the development of the fuel-energy complex of the Arctic zone of Russia and the main results of their implementation. There is formed the system of program tools of fuel-energy complex development management of the Arctic zone of Russia, and made a conclusion about the effectiveness of their implementation on the basis of dynamics of main development indicators of fuel-energy complex. Funding: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-310-70005.
TERRITORIAL INTEGRATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Yaroshenko A. A.
Published: April 2021

The article on the example of the shipbuilding industry revealed the main patterns of economic relations of business structures, which consist in the gradual implementation of economic relations through specialization and industrial cooperation. It has been established that by implementing economic relations, business structures interact with the external environment, which directly and indirectly can influence the regularity of the development of economic relations of business structures. As a result of the results of the studies, it is determined that cluster interaction is one of the promising forms of territorial integration of entrepreneurial structures, allows to optimize the mechanism of industry and inter-industry integration. This form creates favorable conditions for entrepreneurial structures, to gain additional benefits through the growth of internal specialization and standardization, minimizing transaction costs, reducing the cost of development and innovation. In addition, it allows to attract highly skilled personnel from related sectors of the economy to the shipbuilding industry, which contributes to the additional economic and social effect.
SPATIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REAL ESTATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN SPACE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF SIMFEROPOL
Authors: Akimovа E.Sh. , Voitseshuk M.V.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the spatial and economic development of real estate and the influence of the location factor on the market value of real estate objects, as well as the degree of application of averaged adjustments for the location factor to the real estate market in Simferopol.
INCREASING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
Authors: Sytnik A.A. , Tsopa N.V.
Published: April 2021

For sustainable development, the enterprise needs to constantly develop, quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions, offering modern, high-quality products that satisfy the consumer on the market. The constant development of the enterprise requires regular investments in production and scientific and technical development, and for other purposes aimed at obtaining a positive effect. To attract these investments, an enterprise needs to monitor its investment attractiveness.
FORMATION OF A COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AT THE LIFE CYCLE STAGES
Authors: Malakhova V.V. , Kovalskaya L.S.
Published: April 2021

In the conditions of the dynamic development of the commercial real estate market, the interest of real estate owners in the issues of effective management of objects at various stages of the life cycle is increasing. Despite the research carried out in this area, there is a lack of knowledge in the study of modern problems of real estate development at all stages of the life cycle. The article is devoted to the analysis of commercial real estate development processes and the improvement of the commercial real estate development mechanism, taking into account the stages of the life cycle.
HOUSING AFFORDABILITY IN RUSSIAN REGIONS: ANALYSIS AND AGGREGATE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Rabtsevich O.V. , Uvarova A. A.
Published: April 2021

Housing affordability in the regions of Russia based on the calculation of indicators that characterize the ability of citizens to improve housing conditions in the housing market and in the rental market is analyzed in this paper. Approach to a comprehensive assessment of housing affordability in the regions based on determining the aggregate rating of the region by the level of housing affordability is developed by the authors. The proposed approach is based on the method of sums of ranks – the aggregate rating of the region by housing affordability is determined by using the total rank of the region by the level of housing affordability. Sum of ranks of region by indicators of housing affordability is total rank of the region. The approach developed by the authors allows for a comprehensive analysis of housing affordability in the regions, taking into account the investment opportunities of the population in the primary and secondary housing market, in the rental housing market, as well as the availability of housing mortgage lending in Russia. Assessment of the aggregate housing affordability rating is the basis for analyzing housing affordability at different stages of housing reproduction. The proposed approach also allows to analyze the relationship between the comprehensive level of housing affordability in the regions and other parameters that characterize the development of the housing sector. The proposed approach is tested in this article. Significant differences in the level of investment opportunities for households in the regional housing markets was shown based on the determination of the aggregate rating of housing affordability in 78 regions of Russia. The influence of housing affordability in the regions on the volume of housing construction based on the analytical grouping of data was shown.
Numerical Simulation for Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Effect of Micropolar Nanofluid Flow with Variable Viscosity and Radiation
Authors: Stepha N. Golden , Jacob D. Kavin
Published: April 2021

The present work gives out the heat and mass transfer effect of micropolar nanofluid flow. The fluid viscosity is assumed as temperature dependent and it varies linearly. The radiative heat flux and the viscous dissipation are also considered in the energy equation. The partial differential equations governing the flow have been transformed into system of ordinary differential equation and explained numerically through fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. Fluid properties such as velocity, angular velocity, temperature, and concentration are analyzed graphically for a range of solid volume fraction (0<ɸ<2) of nanosolid particles.
Modelling of Systems with Elements in Several States
Authors: Tarasenko Anna , Karelin Oleksandr , Hernández Manuel Gonzalez , Barabash Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we consider systems with one resource, which can be in several states. The states differ significantly in their processes of mortality, reproduction and mutual influence. For instance, infected elements can have a higher mortality rate than healthy and recovered ones. For cyclic models, in which the initial state of the system coincides with the final state, balance relations are found. They represent a system with functional operators with shift and integrals with degenerate kernels. Modified Fredholm method, proposed in previous works to solve the integral equations of the second type with degenerate kernels and shifts, is applied. Equilibrium position of a system with a three-state resource is found.
Use of Financial Ratios in selecting entities for Tax Audit purposes – empirical study in Albania
Authors: Shkurti Rezarta , Myftaraj Elena , Gjika Elsia
Published: April 2021

Information from financial statements and reported financial ratios have long been used to detect common phenomenon such as fraudulent financial statements, earnings management, and the relation between financial ratios and the level of tax risk of an entity. The focus of this study is to research the use of financial ratios that entities declare, in the detection of the magnitude of tax avoidance. In this paper we apply a binary logistic regression to detect which financial statement ratios differentiate between tax evading and non-tax evading entities. We analyse data from 183 tax audited Albanian entities for 2015 and 2016 accounting years and calculate several financial ratios to determine the level of tax risk based on the tax evasion magnitude found by the tax audit of these entities. We apply univariate and multivariate analysis and find several important ratios that can indicate quite accurately the high risk of tax audit of an economic entity. We suggest including these ratios as risk indicators or “red flags” in the selection procedures employed by the tax auditors. As tax reporting and financial reporting have similarities across countries of the region, our findings may be useful for other Southern Eastern European Countries as well.