bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An energetic method to evaluate the macro and micro high-cycle fatigue behavior of the aluminum alloy
Authors: Fan Junling , Guo Xinglin , Zhao Yanguang
Published: November 2017

An energetic method is proposed to rapidly evaluate the macro- and microfatigue behavior of aluminum alloy in high-cycle fatigue. The theoretical correlation between the thermal signal and the energy dissipation during the fatigue process is established for the irreversible dissipation mechanism description. The energetic method is applied to predict the fatigue strength and the entire fatigue life of the aluminum alloy. Moreover, the energy dissipation is properly used to evaluate the microplastic behavior at the grain scale, which is responsible for the progressive movements of the internal microstructures. Experiments were carried out to validate the current energetic method, and good agreement was obtained between the predicted results and the traditional results. Thus, the current energetic method is confirmed to be promising for the macro and micro high-cycle fatigue behavior assessment.
Do art experts (bohemians) attract high-skilled professionals? Evidence from panel data in German regions
Authors: Tiruneh Esubalew Alehegn , Sacchetti Silvia , Tortia Ermanno
Published: November 2017

This paper provides evidence on the role of art experts (bohemians) in high-skilled professionals' locational choices in German regions (NUTS 3) over the period 1998–2008. In particular, it examines Richard Florida's thesis, which considers art experts as creative people who attract high-skilled labour force. Our panel data estimation results support the thesis that art experts have positive and significant impact on high-skilled experts and that these individuals flock where art experts are. We also find that regional per capita income and employment have positive and robust effect on the distribution of high-skilled professionals. The positive effects suggest that the distribution of the high-skilled labor force is a reflection of economic and non-economic factors.
Systems of Evaluation and the Matthew Effect
Authors: Sauder Michael
Published: November 2017

Existing research on the Matthew Effect establishes that this dynamic can alter information flow and the distribution of rewards in ways that lead to cumulating advantages for high status actors. We know little, however, about how systems of evaluation, and especially variations in systems of evaluations, influence the expression and strength of these outcomes. Drawing on analyses of the effects of rankings on organizations, I consider how different evaluation contexts can change both audience perceptions about which organizations are award worthy and the definition of merit on which reward distributions are based.
Representation in Wales: An empirical analysis of policy divisions between voters and candidates
Authors: Trumm Siim
Published: November 2017

Politics in Wales is often portrayed as being relatively consensual and enjoying healthy levels of trust between voters and elites when compared with the rest of the United Kingdom. Recent events, like the decision of Welsh voters to reject membership of the EU against the advice of most of its political establishment, are however calling into question this perception. Using the 2016 Welsh Candidate Study and 2016 Welsh Election Study data, this article evaluates the extent of policy divisions between voters and candidates in Wales. I find that candidates hold more liberal policy positions and are less likely than voters to think of immigration as the most important policy priority. In addition, they tend to favour a different approach to parliamentary representation, deeming it more acceptable for Assembly Members to discard the views of their voters in favour of their own views or those of their party.
“It looks kind of cool when cool people smoke, but…” Norwegian adolescents’ decoding of smoking scenes in films
Authors: Sæbø Gunnar , Scheffels Janne , Tokle Rikke
Published: November 2017

Aims:

Exposure to smoking scenes in films is seen as contributing to smoking initiation among young people. This has triggered calls to include depictions of smoking as a criterion in film ratings. All the same time, little is known about how adolescents interpret different smoking scenes. This study analyses how young people decode smoking scenes by contextualising identification with, and evaluation of, various characters who smoke, as well as the significance of film genres.

Design:

In order to explore how adolescents conceptualize smoking scenes in different film genres, we conducted eight focus-group interviews with adolescents aged 13–17 years ( n = 54), using purposive sampling. The discussions were semi-structured with a standard guide, and we used clips from eight films containing various positive and negative moods and character types as stimuli for the discussions. To analyse interpretations qualitatively, thematic coding was applied.

Results:

The adolescents acknowledged that smoking is a narrative ingredient designed to illustrate and amplify character traits and situational moods. Characters who smoked were usually interpreted in terms of smoking stereotypes: stress relief, romantic seduction, social interaction between equals, habitual smoking, and as a symbol of “bad guys”. The adolescents identified more strongly with elegant, positive, and self-assured smoking characters than with negative, anxious, or ambiguous characters.

Conclusions:

Adolescents interpret smoking scenes in accordance with encoded meanings: they tend to get the messages inscribed by the filmmakers. As positive and glamorous representations are more likely to stimulate smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescents than negative representations, future research should distinguish more clearly between exposure to positive and to negative representations.
The effect of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry instrumentation parameters on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization simulated size exclusion chromatography number-mass, average-weight and polydispersity values of dextran against corresponding values obtained by size exclusion chromatography
Authors: Bashir S , Giannakopulos AE , Liu J
Published: November 2017

The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization simulated size exclusion chromatography (SECPC) average-number mass, weight average and polydispersity of dextran 1000 were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. The instrument parameters were varied and the SECPC value determined via the Bruker XMASS software was compared to the value obtained from aqueous-phase size exclusion chromatography. The aqueous-phase size exclusion chromatography values for average-number mass, weight average and polydispersity were 1223 Da, 1500 Da and 1.23 (1010 Da, 1270 Da and 1.26 from manufacturer), whereas the SECPC value varied on the instrumental parameters. The factors that had the greatest effect on the average-number mass, weight average and polydispersity were: (most effect on SECPC value) laser attenuation > matrix-analyte molar concentration > matrix-analyte molar ratios > delay extraction time > solvent-system composition > detector delay (least effect on SECPC value). The oligosaccharide signal distribution as a function of laser attenuation indicate that two distinct regions exist in dextran 1000, where one corresponds to the higher mass oligosaccharides (hexasaccharide or greater), while another region corresponds to lower oligosaccharides (tetra-saccharide). This distribution depends upon the crystallization of the biopolymer and the efficiency of desorption/ionization, which yields the SECPC value. There was broad agreement between the SECPC values and size exclusion chromatography values for dextran, although the polydispersity indicated by SECPC was less than size exclusion chromatography (1.10 vs. 1.26). It can be shown that for narrow polydisperse biopolymers the instrumental conditions are less critical in the determination of average-number mass, weight average and polydispersity, although the SECPC Mn, and weight average values are often higher than the corresponding values obtained by aqueous-phase size exclusion chromatography.
Proton-induced reactions of [2.2]-paracyclophane in the gas phase. A study by FT-ICR-spectrometry and DFT calculation
Authors: Büker Heinz-Hermann , Grützmacher Hans-Friedrich
Published: November 2017

The reactions of the [2-2]-paracyclophane 1 and the [2-2]-metaparacyclopane 2 in the gas phase after protonation by CI(CH4) or CI(I-C4H10) were studied by FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The ions C16H17+ produced in the external ion source of the FT-ICR instrument were transferred into the ICR cell containing the neutral reactant, and the reactions were analyzed measuring the efficiency of the transfer of a proton to a series of bases with known proton affinity and gas phase basicity as well as the efficiency of the ion-molecule reaction with ethyl vinyl ether. Both reaction types show that the ions C16H17+ produced by chemical ionization (CI) consist of two sets of isomeric ions A and B which exhibit distinctly different behavior on deprotonation and of the reaction with ethyl methyl ether. Isomer(s) A (about 65% of the ion population) react efficiently with this vinyl ether by an addition/elimination process typical of primary and secondary benzylic carbenium ions, while isomer B (about 35% of the ion population) undergoes only an ineffective deprotonation by the vinyl ether. By bracketing deprotonation, it is shown that A is actually composed of two isomers A1 and A2 with slightly different proton affinity and gas phase basicity. These two ions have been identified using CA-mass spectrometry as protonated 3-phenethylstyrene (A1) and protonated 4-phenethylstyrene (A2). The CA-mass spectrum of the isomer B indicated that these ions C16H17+ correspond to protonated 1-(ethyl phenyl)-1-phenyl-ethene. This agrees with the rather strong basicity of the conjugated base of ions B, which results in a slow deprotonation. A protonated 1-(ethyl phenyl)-1-phenyl-ethene can arise from a protonated 2-phenethylstyrene by H- and subsequent phenyl shifts, but requires the preceding rearrangement of the protonated [2.2]-paracyclophane into the protonated isomer “[2.2]-orthocyclophane” – the 1,5-dibenzocyclooctadiene. The possibility of such a deep-sited rearrangement was studied by the computation of the relevant reaction routes applying DFT-methods at the level B3LYP/6-311+g(3d,2p)//B3LYP/3-21g) to analyze the reaction mechanisms.
“Just as Canadian as Anyone Else”? Experiences of Second-Class Citizenship and the Mental Health of Young Immigrant and Refugee Men in Canada
Authors: Hilario Carla T. , Oliffe John L. , Wong Josephine P. , Browne Annette J. , Johnson Joy L.
Published: November 2017

In recent years, the experiences of immigrant and refugee young men have drawn attention worldwide. Human-induced environmental disasters, local and global conflicts, and increasingly inequitable distributions of wealth have shaped transnational migration patterns. Canada is home to a large immigrant and refugee population, particularly in its urban areas, and supporting the mental health and well-being of these communities is of critical importance. The aim of this article is to report findings from a qualitative study on the social context of mental health among immigrant and refugee young men, with a focus on their migration and resettlement experiences. Informed by the conceptual lens of social context, a thematic narrative analysis approach was used to examine qualitative data from individual and group interviews with 33 young men (age 15 to 22 years) self-identified as immigrants or refugees and were living in Greater Vancouver, western Canada. Three thematic narratives were identified: a better life, living the (immigrant) dream, and starting again from way below. The narratives characterized the social context for immigrant and refugee young men and were connected by a central theme of negotiating second-class citizenship. Implications include the need for mental health frameworks that address marginalization and take into account the contexts and discourses that shape the mental health of immigrant and refugee populations in Canada and worldwide.
Wilson’s disease presenting during pregnancy: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma
Authors: Durairaj Jayalakshmi , Shanbhag Esha R , Veena P , Gowda Mamtha , Keepanasseril Anish
Published: November 2017

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting copper transport leading to hepatic and/or neuropsychiatric manifestations. Changes in pregnancy can mimic certain clinical features of chronic liver disease such as spider naevi, and constraints for the use of various investigation for diagnosis pose a challenge to physicians. A high index of suspicion, multi-disciplinary team approach, use of correct non-invasive testing including viral serology, autoantibodies and copper studies and ultrasonography help to diagnose most of the pre-existing, de novo or pregnancy-specific hepatological conditions. We report a case of Wilson’s disease diagnosed during pregnancy and discuss the challenges in diagnosis and treatment in pregnancy.
Sector-based vote choice: A new approach to explaining core and swing voters in Africa
Authors: Kim Eun Kyung
Published: November 2017

This study examines economic components of the support base for each party in Ghana’s de facto two-party system. Most accounts of partisan voting in African democracies contend that some voters routinely support the same party because it rewards co-ethnics through patronage in the form of private and local community goods. A few recent studies have found that some voters vote retrospectively and sociotropically, rewarding or punishing the incumbent party on the basis of its overall performance in office. However, neither the ethno-clientelist account nor the performance assessment account addresses the possibility that African parties build their support bases around competing economic policy interests. Using a merged dataset from the Afrobarometer Survey Round 5 and district-level industrial employment and agricultural production data from Ghana, I find that it is economic interests by agricultural sub-sector that are highly predictive of parties’ issue-based platforms. Voters who do not share a common interest with any of the main parties’ key policies are most likely to switch party preferences election to election.
A dual transcript-discovery approach to improve the delimitation of gene features from RNA-seq data in the chicken model
Authors: Orgeur Mickael , Martens Marvin , Börno Stefan T. , Timmermann Bernd , Duprez Delphine , Stricker Sigmar
Published: November 2017

The sequence of the chicken genome, like several other draft genome sequences, is presently not fully covered. Gaps, contigs assigned with low confidence and uncharacterized chromosomes result in gene fragmentation and imprecise gene annotation. Transcript abundance estimation from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data relies on read quality, library complexity and expression normalization. In addition, the quality of the genome sequence used to map sequencing reads and the gene annotation that defines gene features must also be taken into account. Partially covered genome sequence causes the loss of sequencing reads from the mapping step, while an inaccurate definition of gene features induces imprecise read counts from the assignment step. Both steps can significantly bias interpretation of RNA-seq data. Here, we describe a dual transcript-discovery approach combining a genome-guided gene prediction and a de novo transcriptome assembly. This dual approach enabled us to increase the assignment rate of RNA-seq data by nearly 20% as compared to when using only the chicken reference annotation, contributing therefore to a more accurate estimation of transcript abundance. More generally, this strategy could be applied to any organism with partial genome sequence and/or lacking a manually-curated reference annotation in order to improve the accuracy of gene expression studies.
Cardiac-enriched BAF chromatin-remodeling complex subunit Baf60c regulates gene expression programs essential for heart development and function
Authors: Sun Xin , Hota Swetansu K. , Zhou Yu-Qing , Novak Stefanie , Miguel-Perez Dario , Christodoulou Danos , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman J. G. , Gregorio Carol C. , Henkelman R. Mark , Rossant Janet , Bruneau Benoit G.
Published: November 2017

How chromatin-remodeling complexes modulate gene networks to control organ-specific properties is not well understood. For example, Baf60c (Smarcd3) encodes a cardiac-enriched subunit of the SWI/SNF-like BAF chromatin complex, but its role in heart development is not fully understood. We found that constitutive loss of Baf60c leads to embryonic cardiac hypoplasia and pronounced cardiac dysfunction. Conditional deletion of Baf60c in cardiomyocytes resulted in postnatal dilated cardiomyopathy with impaired contractile function. Baf60c regulates a gene expression program that includes genes encoding contractile proteins, modulators of sarcomere function, and cardiac metabolic genes. Many of the genes deregulated in Baf60c null embryos are targets of the MEF2/SRF co-factor Myocardin (MYOCD). In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified MYOCD as a BAF60c interacting factor; we showed that BAF60c and MYOCD directly and functionally interact. We conclude that Baf60c is essential for coordinating a program of gene expression that regulates the fundamental functional properties of cardiomyocytes.
Metastasectomy for Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: An Emerging Operative Indication in Surgical Oncology
Authors: Crompton Joseph G. , Klemen Nicholas , Kammula Udai S.
Published: November 2017

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is an emerging immunotherapy for metastatic cancer. Surgeons play a central role in ACT treatments by performing resection of tumors from which TILs are isolated. It is important that surgeons have familiarity with this emerging treatment method because it is increasingly performed for an expanding variety of solid tumors at institutions around the world. This report offers a brief introduction to ACT for cancer, highlights historical milestones in its development, and provides patient selection and operative considerations for surgeons called upon to perform metastasectomy for the purpose of isolating TILs.
Expectations about Monetary Policy and the Behaviour of the Central Bank
Authors: Dutra Bernardo
Published: November 2017

Using microdata from the IBRE-FGV Consumer Survey we investigate if Brazilianconsumers form expectations consistent with the Taylor rule and if the consistencychanges according to the monetary policy conducted by the Central Bank of Brazil.We find that the public can properly understand the relationship between interestrates and inflation in the rule framework, but not the relationship between interestrates and unemployment, probably due to the single mandate adopted in Braziland some features of the data. The partial effects methodology introduced by Carvalhoand Nechio (2014) confirm these results. Furthermore, we also find that theconsistency of expectations significantly drops during periods that the central bankdeviates from the Taylor rule, indicating that a higher tolerance to inflationaryshocks can damage the coordination of society’s expectations.
Ρατσισμός και ευρωπαϊκός πολιτισμός
Authors: Παπαδημητρίου Ζήσης Δ.
Published: November 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Βασικές συντεταγμένες της πολιτικής κουλτούρας στην Κύπρο και στην Ελλάδα: συγκλίσεις και αποκλίσεις
Authors: Μαυρής Γιάννης
Published: November 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Epigenetic and transcriptional control of mast cell responses
Authors: Monticelli Silvia , Leoni Cristina
Published: November 2017

Mast cells are tissue-resident, innate immune cells present in most tissues of the body and are important effector and immunomodulatory cells. Differentiated mast cells typically are characterized by the surface expression of the receptors KIT and FcεRI, the latter especially being important for stimulation through IgE antibodies, although these cells have the ability to respond to a wide variety of environmental signals, to which they can variably react by releasing pre-stored or de novo–synthesized mediators or both. Since mast cells terminate their differentiation in their tissue of residence in response to specific microenvironmental cues, each tissue may comprise unique mast cell subtypes, and responses are tailored to the danger signals that are likely to be encountered in each anatomical location. From a transcriptional point of view, these cells therefore must be endowed with epigenetic and transcriptional programs that allow them to maintain a stable identity and at the same time allow sufficient plasticity to adapt to different environmental challenges. In this commentary, we highlight some of the recent findings that advanced our understanding of the transcriptional and epigenetic programs regulating mast cell functions.
Polypharmacy in Alzheimer's disease patients in Brazil: Guidance for pharmaceutical assistance
Authors: Vaz Felipe Nathanael Coelho , Bortoluzzi Trombim Luana , de Freitas Guilherme Barroso L. , Haskel Maria Vaitsa Loch , dos Santos Giovana , Wouk Jéssica , Mendes Dayanna Hartmann Cambruzzi , Fermino Barbara Luisa , Ivanski Flávia , Bonini Juliana Sartori
Published: November 2017

Background: Elderly patients frequently have concomitant diseases, triggering the necessity of utilizing several different medications, which can cause adverse events associated with therapy, called polypharmacy. This study aimed to evaluate the main concomitant diseases with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and discuss possible interactions between drugs utilized to treat dementia and its comorbidities, and indicate safe medicines for patients with AD.

Methods: 41 individuals with AD who withdraw medicines for dementia from the Brazilian public health system (SUS) participated in this study. Data collection was performed using three questionnaires: 1) Clinical Dementia Rating, to verify disease stage; 2) Mini–mental state examination, to measure cognitive impairment; and 3) Sociodemographic analysis, to evaluate concomitant diseases, utilized drugs, drug-drug interactions, among other demographic variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and data was presented as relative frequency.

Results: The results of this study showed that the most frequent concomitant diseases with AD are: systemic arterial hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Polypharmacy was observed in 95.12% of patients. The pharmacologic classes that presented interactions with AD medications were anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, and antidiabetics.

Conclusion: In the present study, polypharmacy in patients with AD and other concomitant diseases has been characterized. The average number of drugs that these patients ingested was seven per day, and this leads to drug interactions, which are potentially damaging to the body. Consequently, we have tried to reduce these interactions, by suggesting drugs that are safer, for example furosemide instead of amlodipine to treat hypertension.
Prediction of influenza vaccine effectiveness for the influenza season 2017/18 in the US
Authors: Paessler Slobodan , Veljkovic Veljko
Published: November 2017

Vaccination against seasonal influenza viruses is the most effective way to prevent infection. A key factor in the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccine is its immunological compatibility with the circulating viruses during the season. The high evolutionary rate, antigenic shift and antigenic drift of influenza viruses, represents the main obstacle for correct prediction of the vaccine effectiveness for an upcoming flu season. Conventional structural and phylogenetic approaches for assessment of vaccine effectiveness have had a limited success in prediction of vaccine efficacy in the past. Recently, a novel bioinformatics approach for assessment of effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine was proposed. Here, this approach was used for prediction of the vaccine effectiveness for the influenza season 2017/18 in US.
Psychometric evaluation of the Major Depression Inventory among young people living in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Otiende Mark , Abubakar Amina , Mochamah George , Walumbe David , Nyundo Christopher , Doyle Aoife M , Ross David A , Newton Charles R , Bauni Evasius
Published: November 2017

Background: The lack of reliable, valid and adequately standardized measures of mental illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa is a key challenge for epidemiological studies on mental health.  We evaluated the psychometric properties and feasibility of using a computerized version of the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) in an epidemiological study in rural Kenya.

Methods: We surveyed 1496 participants aged 13-24 years in Kilifi County, on the Kenyan coast. The MDI was administered using a computer-assisted system, available in three languages. Internal consistency was evaluated using both Cronbach’s alpha and the Omega Coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the factorial structure of the MDI.

Results:  Internal consistency using both Cronbach’s Alpha (α= 0.83) and the Omega Coefficient (0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.81- 0.83) was above acceptable thresholds. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the data to a unidimensional model of MDI (χ2 (33, N = 1409) = 178.52 p < 0.001, TLI = 0.947, CFI = 0.961, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = .056), and this was confirmed using Item Response Models (Loevinger’s H coefficient 0.38) that proved the MDI was a unidimensional scale. Equivalence evaluation indicated invariance across sex and age groups. In our population, 3.6% of the youth presented with scores suggesting major depression using the ICD-10 scoring algorithm, and 8.7% presented with total scores indicating presence of depression (mild, moderate or severe).  Females and older youth were at the highest risk of depression.

Conclusions: The MDI has good psychometric properties.  Given its brevity, relative ease of usage and ability to identify at-risk youth, it may be useful for epidemiological studies of depression in Africa.  Studies to establish clinical thresholds for depression are recommended. The high prevalence of depressive symptoms suggests that depression may be an important public health problem in this population group.
SAFETY OF AGROLANDSCAPES FOR ORGANIC MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Забашта Николай , Zabashta Nikolay , Забашта Анастасия , Zabashta Anastasiya
Published: November 2017

As a result of environmental safety monitoring, including soil and feed of their own production of organic meat suppliers farms “Branch of ZDMK “Tikhoretskiy “AO” Danon Russia”, the content of toxic substances in the soil, food plants, animal feed was defined. In the agricultural areas of the actual farms, supplying organic meat products, the ordinary (carbonate) chernozems, low-humus super-powerful and powerful ones predominate. The acidity level of soils varies from neutral (pH 6.9) to alkaline (pH 8.6). The humus proportion varies from 1.79 to 5.84%; the mobile phosphorus content varies from 11.3 to 73.0 mg per 100 gramm; fraction of exchangeable potassium - from 17.12 to 31.94 mg per 100 gramm. The content of total and mobile forms of toxic elements in the soil of steppe and foothills areas of the Southern Federal District commodity does not exceed the allowable levels, estimated concentrations and total content of: mercury - <0.005; cadmium - <0.11; lead - <17.8; arsenic - <0.2; copper <65.0; zinc - <85.0 mg per kilogramm. Accumulation of toxic elements in feeds, feed additives is approximated to the maximum permissible levels. Accumulation of cadmium is noted in sunflower cake in the amount of 0.18 mg per kilogramm (Kanevskiy district of Krasnodar region). Fodder crops contain insignificant amounts of lead, which is explained by the low content of mobile lead forms in the soil and in the vegetative mass of plants. The content of copper and zinc in feeds is much lower, than the maximum permissible levels, respectively, ≤ 30.0 and ≤ 74.0 mg per kilogramm (Kanevskiy region). The mercury and arsenic content is insignificant: less than 0.001 mg per kilogramm.
INFLUENCE OF WINTER HARDINESS CONDITIONS ON THE LEVEL OF EYES WINTERKILLING AND THE GRAPE’S PRODUCTIVITY IN TRENCH CULTURE IN THE SOUTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE OMSK REGION
Authors: Кумпан Владимир , Kumpan Vladimir , Сухоцкая Светлана , Suhockaya Svetlana , Клинг Анна , Kling Anna
Published: November 2017

Most of the Russian Federation zones has a continental climate and significant amplitude of temperature fluctuations in the autumn-winter and spring periods are one of the most urgent problems of wintering the grape plants. The conducted researches showed that among the introduced varieties of grapes, studied in the conditions of the Omsk region, the two groups of varieties with a degree of freezing of eyes are distinguished in the average for 2012-. 2016 years at the level of the control grade Katyr (26.3%) - Ayar -27.3, Tukay - 31.5%; the freezing is higher than the control grade level in the following varieties: GF -2-7-2 - 42.2, Agat Donskoy - 47.6, Edna 48.1, Moscovityanin -53.3%. The prospects for growing grapes in trench culture in the Omsk region are varieties with a relatively stable and potentially high productivity, such as Tukay, Edna, an average of 5.2 and 5.0, a maximum of 8.8 and 11.4 kilogramm per bush, and Agat Donskoy and GF -2-7-2, an average of 4.9 and 4.7, a maximum of 12.4 and 10.1 kilogramm per bush. The results of overwintering of grapes in trench culture largely depend on the presence and height of the snow cover, it is recommended to use additional insulation of trenches over the polyethylene coating with a layer of sawdust or humus in conditions of the Omsk region in the absence or a small snow cover.
PECULIARITIES OF LEAF DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD COLLECTION WHEAT SAMPLES OF RUSSIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANT GROWING IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF ORENBURG URALS
Authors: Самуилов Феофан , Samuilov Feofan , Тимошенкова Татьяна , Timoshenkova Tatyana
Published: November 2017

In the conditions of the steppe zone of the Orenburg Urals, varieties of the forest Northern Russian ecological group formed 6-10 leaves; varities of West Siberian forest-steppe - 5-12 leaves; varities of East Siberian forest - 6-10 leaves; eastern forest-steppe and Volga steppe - 7-10 leaves; eastern steppe - 7-12 leaves; southern steppe - 5-10 leaves and Chinese - 6-9 leaves. The greatest number of leaves formed varieties of West Siberian forest-steppe and steppe eastern ecological groups. In arid years, the greatest variability was noted in varieties of Tyumenskaya 25, Omskaya 23, Sibirskaya 16 (forest-steppe West Siberian eco-type); Vatan, Chelyba zolotistaya (forest-steppe eastern ecotype); Spurt, Margarita (steppe Volga ecotype); FPR-Ppd-s0 (forest North-Russian ecotype); Taezhnaya Niva (forest East Siberian ecotype); Aktyube 19, Ishimskaya 92 (steppe eastern ecotype). In the unfavorable years of water availability, the period of the “flag” leaf life was longer in the varieties: Aktyube 3, Ishimskaya 92, Omskaya 36, Riks, Saratovskaya 29, Saratovskaya 66, Saratovskaya 70, Saratovskaya 74, Solomiya, Tulaykovskaya 105, FPCh-Rdd-0, FPCh-Ppd-s0, FPCh-Ppd-w0 and Shortandinka 95.
TECHNICAL MODERNIZATION OF THE MELIORATION SYSTEM AS A RESERVE FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURE
Authors: Субаева Асия , Subaeva Asiya , Мавлиева Лейсан , Mavlieva Leysan , Александрова Наталья , Aleksandrova Natal'ya , Низамутдинов Марат , Nizamutdinov Marat
Published: November 2017

One of the little-used reserves to improve the efficiency of agriculture, through technical modernization, is the development of melioration. The most effective method of mechanized irrigation is sprinkling, which contributes to the greatest moisture penetration to plants. This method allows you to moisten the leaf surface, soil and ground layers of air, which saves in the dry period. Reducing the park of sprinkling equipment for a number of years led to a reduction in the area of irrigated land, and the operating machines were practically not used due to moral and physical deterioration, the lack of spare parts for repairs and high energy costs. The indicator of the use of sprinklers in the context of the region, in particular, by the agricultural producers of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2014, was 93 percent. At the same time, 13 districts of the region do not have irrigation machines. An application of sprinklers for the cultivation of crops in agriculture is economically justified and promising. The modernization of irrigation equipment should consist in replacing imported, expensive spare parts and parts with cheaper and produced in Russia, wide introduction of an open irrigation system with high efficiency, low energy consumption. To implement these measures, state support measures are necessary. At the same time, the approved mechanism of state subsidizing of machinery manufacturing plants is adopted with a lack of subsidies, which will lead to further development of the situation associated with the technical impoverishment of the agricultural sector. This assumption is proved by the forecast of the level of watering equipment in the Russian Federation until 2020, which takes into account the current trends in the development of a sprinkler park and watering machines and plants.
The theory of a digital computer
Authors: Барский Аркадий , Barskiy Arkadiy , Шилов Валерий , Shilov Valeriy
Published: November 2017

The problems of data typing and structuring are investigated. The definition of an algorithm reflecting an important property of alternativity is introduced. In the classical theory of algorithms, the provisions providing the two principles of a modern digital computer are distinguished: program execution control of the program and placement of the executed program in memory along with other data. Possible structures of algorithms, algorithmically unsolvable problems, complexity of algorithms, abstract models of computers are considered. The logical foundations of the computer, ways of representing and converting data in various number systems and performing basic arithmetic and logical operations are studied. The possibilities of parallel execution of operations are explored. The functions of the operating system for providing modes of computer use, interrupt system, multi-channel access, virtual memory are given. The concept of "tagged" architecture, which contributes to the increase of information security, is given. The "von Neumann" and "non-von Neumann" architectures are considered.
For undergraduate and graduate students, post-graduate students, university professors of information technology and economics, for researchers and developers of digital computers.
Physico-chemical basis of development and extinguishing of fire
Authors: Девисилов Владимир , Devisilov Vladimir , Дроздова Татьяна , Drozdova Tatyana , Плотникова Галина , Plotnikova Galina , Решетов Анатолий , Reshetov Anatoliy
Published: November 2017

The tutorial discusses General regularities of the development of internal fires. This concept of the dynamics of the development of the internal fire, the heat balance and gas exchange in open and internal fires. Systematic examples and problems for the calculation of the basic parameters of a fire. The Appendix contains tables of physical values, the most frequently used when solving problems.
The manual meets the requirements of Federal state educational standard of the third generation.
The textbook is designed for graduate students in the direction of training: "Technosphere safety". It can also be useful in teaching students of technical specialties, specialists of EMERCOM of Russia and fire services.
Generating Value Through Open Source: Software Service Market Regulation and Licensing Policy
Authors: August Terrence , Shin Hyoduk , Tunca Tunay I.
Published: November 2017

In the software industry, commercial open-source software vendors have recognized that providing services to help businesses derive greater value in the implementation of open source–based systems can be a profitable business model. Moreover, society may greatly benefit when software originators choose an open-source development strategy as their products become widely available, readily customizable, and open to community contributions. In this study, we present an economic model to study how software licensing attributes affect a software originator’s decisions, aiming to provide policy makers with insights into how welfare-improving, open-source outcomes can be incentivized. We show that when a competing contributor is apt at reaping the benefits of software development investment, a less restrictive open source license (e.g., Berkeley Software Distribution, or BSD style) can improve welfare. On the other hand, when the originator is better at leveraging investment and service costs are high, a more restrictive license (e.g., General Public License, or GPL style) can be best for social welfare even when a contributor can cost-efficiently develop the software.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0726 .
Discrete Nonlinear Optimization by State-Space Decompositions
Authors: Bergman David , Cire Andre A.
Published: November 2017

This paper investigates a decomposition approach for binary optimization problems with nonlinear objectives and linear constraints. Our methodology relies on the partition of the objective function into separate low-dimensional dynamic programming (DP) models, each of which can be equivalently represented as a shortest-path problem in an underlying state-transition graph. We show that the associated transition graphs can be related by a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) so as to produce exact solutions to the original nonlinear problem. To address DPs with large state spaces, we present a general relaxation mechanism that dynamically aggregates states during the construction of the transition graphs. The resulting MILP provides both lower and upper bounds to the nonlinear function, and it may be embedded in branch-and-bound procedures to find provably optimal solutions. We describe how to specialize our technique for structured objectives (e.g., submodular functions) and consider three problems arising in revenue management, portfolio optimization, and healthcare. Numerical studies indicate that the proposed technique often outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by orders of magnitude in these applications.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2849 .

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Wage Elasticities in Working and Volunteering: The Role of Reference Points in a Laboratory Study
Authors: Exley Christine L. , Terry Stephen J.
Published: November 2017

We experimentally test how effort responds to wages—randomly assigned to accrue to individuals or to a charity—in the presence of expectations-based reference points or targets. When individuals earn money for themselves, higher wages lead to higher effort with relatively muted targeting behavior. When individuals earn money for a charity, higher wages instead lead to lower effort with substantial targeting behavior. A reference-dependent theoretical framework suggests an explanation for this differential impact: when individuals place less value on earnings, such as when accruing earnings for a charity instead of themselves, more targeting behavior and a more sluggish response to incentives should result. Results from an additional experiment add support to this explanation. When individuals select into earning money for a charity and thus likely place a higher value on those earnings, targeting behavior is muted and no longer generates a negative effort response to higher wages.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2870 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Dairy Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Adults: Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 184802 Individuals from 25 Studies
Authors:   Mendelian Randomization of Dairy Consumption Working Group, Huang Tao , Ding Ming , Bergholdt Helle K M , Wang Tiange , Heianza Yoriko , Sun Dianjianyi , Frazier-Wood Alexis C , Aslibekyan Stella , North Kari E , Voortman Trudy , Graff Mariaelisa , Smith Caren E , Lai Chao-Qiang , Varbo Anette , Lemaitre Rozenn N , de Jonge M Ester A L , Fumeron Frédéric , Corella Dolores , Wang Carol A , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Sørensen Thorkild I A , Feitosa Mary F , Wojczynski Mary K , Kähönen Mika , Renström Frida , Psaty Bruce M , Siscovick David S , Barroso Inês , Johansson Ingegerd , Hernandez Dena , Ferrucci Luigi , Bandinelli Stefania , Linneberg Allan , Zillikens M Carola , Sandholt Camilla Helene , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Schulz Christina-Alexandra , Sonestedt Emily , Orho-Melander Marju , Chen Tzu-An , Rotter Jerome I , Allison Mathew A , Rich Stephen S , Sorlí Jose V , Coltell Oscar , Pennell Craig E , Eastwood Peter , Hofman Albert , Uitterlinden Andre G , van Rooij Frank J A , Chu Audrey Y , Rose Lynda M , Ridker Paul M , Viikari Jorma , Raitakari Olli , Lehtimäki Terho , Mikkilä Vera , Willett Walter C , Wang Yujie , Tucker Katherine L , Ordovas Jose M , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O , Province Michael A , Franks Paul W , Arnett Donna K , Tanaka Toshiko , Toft Ulla , Ericson Ulrika , Franco Oscar H , Mozaffarian Dariush , Hu Frank B , Chasman Daniel I , Nordestgaard Børge G , Ellervik Christina , Qi Lu
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Associations between dairy intake and body mass index (BMI) have been inconsistently observed in epidemiological studies, and the causal relationship remains ill defined.

METHODS

We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using an established dairy intake-associated genetic polymorphism located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT-13910 C/T, rs4988235) as an instrumental variable (IV). Linear regression models were fitted to analyze associations between (a) dairy intake and BMI, (b) rs4988235 and dairy intake, and (c) rs4988235 and BMI in each study. The causal effect of dairy intake on BMI was quantified by IV estimators among 184802 participants from 25 studies.

RESULTS

Higher dairy intake was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.03 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.00–0.06; P = 0.04), whereas the LCT genotype with 1 or 2 T allele was significantly associated with 0.20 (95% CI, 0.14–0.25) serving/day higher dairy intake (P = 3.15 × 10−12) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.06–0.17) kg/m2 higher BMI (P = 2.11 × 10−5). MR analysis showed that the genetically determined higher dairy intake was significantly associated with higher BMI (β = 0.60 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.27–0.92; P = 3.0 × 10−4).

CONCLUSIONS

The present study provides strong evidence to support a causal effect of higher dairy intake on increased BMI among adults.
Reflexiones sobre aspectos de la enseñanza de la matemática en diálogo con algunos autores de filosofía de la educación
Authors: CADOCHE Lilian
Published: November 2017

Desde hace varios años en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, un equipo de docentes-investigadores de la cátedra de Matemática trabaja en una propuesta de “Aprendizaje Cooperativo” en la que se estimulan y evalúan habilidades sociales imprescindibles para una correcta interacción. En este artículo se intenta dialogar con algunos autores de  textos de filosofía, en los que se plantean cuestiones relacionadas con comunicación, lenguaje, símbolo, significado y placer, de cuya lectura y relaciones se desprenden aspectos relacionados con las mencionadas competencias sociales. En Matemática, la comunicación y el lenguaje, refieren al empleo de palabras y símbolos cuyo significado es diferente según el contexto en el que se empleen, y el significado atribuible a una palabra/símbolo puede ser absolutamente distinto en matemática que en el lenguaje cotidiano. Al finalizar el artículo se menciona, cómo significado y placer retratan  quiénes son los estudiantes, cómo se ven a sí mismos, y cómo construyen una visión particular de su futuro.
La fotografía como estrategia para contar historias del horror del conflicto colombiano
Authors: Cogollo-Ospina Sonia Natalia
Published: November 2017

Walter Benjamin planteó un nuevo tipo de historiador, aquel que se encargaba de los desechos, que tenía el trapero asido de la mano para poder ver en los pequeños detalles los vestigios de una historia que siempre está por contarse, por recomenzar su narrativa. Esa historia cuyo principio, según el teórico alemán, obedece a la lógica del montaje, compuesta de fragmentos, no solo se refiere a un pasado sino que además está en tensión con el presente y el porvenir. La tesis que se plantea es que la fotografía sigue los principios del montaje y sirve de estrategia para contar las historias del horror del conflicto armado colombiano. Algunos ejemplos sirven para ilustrar la tesis. Entre las conclusiones se resalta el poder de la imagen para redimir la memoria de los oprimidos y mostrar lo oculto o invisible del conflicto armado.
Representando “lo afro”: consumo cultural de danzas africanas por parte de practicantes bogotanos
Authors: Sánchez Arismendi Aidaluz
Published: November 2017

Este artículo presenta la caracterización de los asistentes a algunos espacios de formación de danzas del occidente de África, en Bogotá, principalmente del grupo étnico Malinké. Se describen las representaciones que soportan el consumo cultural de las danzas en mención, e igualmente se identifica que priman intereses de enriquecimiento personal, disfrute y relajación, los cuales obedecen, en parte, a miradas esencialistas sobre lo que representa África, sus danzas y la racialización de los cuerpos. Dichas construcciones resultan ser fundamentales para la circulación y el consumo de prácticas artísticas afro, principalmente por personas que se reconocen como mestizas y blancas. El estudio se realizó a partir de la aplicación de encuestas y de entrevistas semiestructuradas a participantes de proyectos culturales en Bogotá, como Arte sin Pausa, Zajana Danza, Nimba y Zarabanda.
Curar saberes difíciles. arte y curaduría en contextos violentos: el caso Ayotzinapa
Authors: Meza Aurelio
Published: November 2017

Bajo la premisa de conceptos como “saberes difíciles” y “sueño curatorial”, de Erica Lehrer y otras académicas, este artículo documenta la curaduría de una exposición artística en torno a estudiantes de Ayotzinapa, México, muertos o desaparecidos en 2014. Debido en parte al seminario en que fue diseñado y en parte a circunstancias sociales en México y Canadá, este proyecto curatorial no se concretó. Sin embargo, este artículo propone analizar la distribución de conocimiento en torno a eventos pasados traumáticos y polémicos, así como acercarse a la curaduría como un proceso continuo sin final predeterminado. Incluye reflexiones con temas afines a Colombia y Québec (dos sociedades con las que el autor busca dialogar), como son el papel del arte en la resolución de conflictos sociales, la agencia de los movimientos estudiantiles y la defensa del derecho a disentir
“Vivir creando, vivir encontrando” el conflicto entre la creación y la investigación en el arte escénico
Authors: Vázquez Lomelí Carlos M.
Published: November 2017

Este artículo intenta reseñar, comentar y reflexionar sobre la participación del profesor colombiano Carlos Araque, en su escrito: Creación – personaje - investigación, que presentó a manera de conferencia en el VII Coloquio Internacional de Arte, Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo, organizado por el Departamento de Teorías e Historias del Centro Universitario de Arte, Arquitectura y Diseño de la Universdiad de Guadalajara, realizado del 22 al 24 de octubre de 2014, en las instalaciones de la División de Artes y Humanidades del mismo Centro Universitario.