bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi dan Analisis Pengelolaan Kelas Heterogen di SD Negeri 101764 Percut Sei Tuan
Authors: Damanik Putri Adelcia , Sitanggang Bernardinus , Arosyid Muhammad Hasan , Praja Muhammd Fiansyah
Published: July 2024

Kelas heterogen adalah kelompok belajar yang terdiri dari siswa dengan berbagai latar belakang dan kemampuan yang berbeda. Kelas heterogen mengacu pada kelompok belajar yang terdiri dari siswa dengan berbagai tingkat kemampuan, latar belakang, kebutuhan, dan gaya belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman dan karakteristik siswa di kelas sehingga disebut kelas yang heterogen dan bagaimana guru di kelas dapat mengatasi kasus tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam tugas ini adalah metode dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Yaitu dengan menganalisis data, dan melakukan observasi ke sekolah, kemudian melakukan wawancara dengan guru yang bersangkutan di SD NEGERI 101764 sekolah. Dan kami melakukan wawancara dengan guru pendidikan jasmani. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah mencari solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan kelas yang heterogen. Beberapa solusi yang diperoleh adalah dengan melakukan pendataan, tentang mahasiswa aktif dan kurang aktif, membuat kelompok belajar, memanfaatkan teknologi.
Penerapan Metode Bermain Peran Dalam Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Bahasa Inggris Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ningsih Erni Andriya , Harmanto Bambang , Azam Muttaqin Muhammad
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out how the role play method can be applied to improve the English language skills of young children in Kindergarten Group B of Bakalani Village, Purwantoro District, Wonogiri Regency. This study was conducted in Purwantoro District Bakalan Village Kindergarten, the number of subjects was 19 children, 10 of which were 5-6 years old boys and 9 were girls. This research method uses classroom action research. This study was conducted in 3 cycles and each cycle was conducted in two meetings. The research data collection techniques are observation and speaking skills tests. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used in this study is a descriptive statistical analysis method that uses percentages. Based on research findings and data analysis, the role-playing method can improve students' #039; English language skills. This can be seen in the survey on the classroom performance of the students in the first session and#039; The knowledge of the English language is only 16% or still classified as very poor. After that, continuing in cycle II, students and#039; English proficiency increased to 44 percent or was still classified as poor. Then in cycle III, the increase was 78% or classified as good.
PENANGANAN ANAK TEMPER TANTRUM STUDI KASUS DI TK TQ MUHAMMAD AL-FATIH
Authors: Nihwan Nihwan
Published: July 2024

Abstract This study aims to explore the strategies used by teachers in handling children experiencing tantrums at TQ Muhammad Al Fatih Kindegarten. This case study employs a qualitative approach using observation and in-depth interviews to collect data. The research subjects are childern who frequently have tantrums and the teachers who handle them. The result of the study indicate that teachers implement various effective strategies to calm tantrums, including distraction techniques, consintent boundary setting, and providing emotional support. Teachers also use individualized approaches tailored to each child’s chatacteristics. Additionally, teachers actively engage childern in activities that can divert their attention from sources of frustration. This study suggests the need for further training for teachers in behavior management techniques to handle tantrums effectively and create a more conducive learning environment.
Formation of consumer loyalty in the field of digital ecosystem products
Authors: Khalif E. I. , Rossinskaya M. V.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to studying the importance of increasing customer loyalty for successful business development in the digital era. The author identifies brand equity, customer trust and satisfaction as key factors influencing the level of customer loyalty. The article identifies the complexities of the modern market and the need to use digital tools to form and maintain consumer loyalty.The study aims to identify methods for building customer loyalty, including analyzing the importance of various factors, market segmentation and the use of digital technologies. The results of the study will be useful for companies aimed at strengthening their base of loyal customers.It is worth not only satisfying the needs of customers, but also building emotional connections with them, taking into account their individual preferences. The author draws attention to the importance of service quality, brand reputation, pricing and personalization in creating and maintaining customer loyalty.The study also highlights the importance of moving from product loyalty to brand loyalty to increase customer retention and ensure sustainable business growth. Particular attention is paid to the emotional connection with clients and the importance of quality of service in establishing long–term relationships.
On the issues of business negotiation processes and prospects for overcoming them through large language models
Authors: Gladilin L. Yu. , Mischenko E. V. , Smirnov A. E. , Kabosnidze S. S.
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the potential of large language models in overcoming problems within the business negotiation process. Typical issues encountered in business negotiations at various communication stages, which highlight the necessity for systematic resolution (such as breaches of good faith principles, ineffective communication strategies, lack of clear planning, etc.), are identified. The study focuses on a key negotiation problem related to the increasing transaction costs of businesses due to unmet interaction results. It demonstrates how large language models can optimize the negotiation process at every stage: from preparation (gathering and analysing information, scenario modelling) to conducting negotiations (contextual analysis, proposal formulation) and implementing agreements (execution control, monitoring). The study highlights that large language models can ensure: objectivity and speed in information processing; improved planning and forecasting; enhanced communication efficiency; and reduced transaction costs. The findings of the research conclude that the application of large language models is a promising development direction for optimizing the business negotiation process, contributing to the reduction of transaction costs and strengthening companies’ competitiveness by expanding human capabilities in managing business communications.
Features of lexicography of Western Armenian neologisms
Authors: Felekyan Manuk , Tioyan Susanna
Published: July 2024

Հոդվածում համառոտ արծարծվում են նորաբանությունների սահմանման և ընտրության սկզբունքները։ Արևմտահայերենի նորաբանությունների համար ընտրված բառանյութը պետք է արձանագրված չլինի հայերենի նախորդ բառարաններում, այդ թվում նաև արևելահայերենի բառարաններում։ Բացառություն պետք է արվի միայն արևելահայերենի նորաբանությունների նորագույն բառարանների համար, քանի որ այժմ երբեմն դժվար է ստույգ որոշել՝ նորաբանությունն առաջինն ստեղծվել է արևելահայերենո՞ւմ թե՞ արևմտահայերենում։
Բառարանում իբրև գլխաբառ պետք է ներկայացվեն ոչ միայն նորակերտ բառերը և նորագույն փոխառությունները, այլև իմաստային նորաբանությունները։
Գլխաբառերը պետք է տրվեն բնագրերի ուղղագրությամբ, որը մեծ մասամբ ավանդական կամ հին ուղղագրությունն է։ Լուսաբանող օրինակներում պահպանվում է բնագրի կետադրությունը։
Արևմտահայերենի նորաբանություններին կից տրվում են քերականական և ոճաբանական միայն նվազագույն տեղեկություններ։ Բացատրվում են նորաբանությունների՝ միայն բերված բնագրային օրինակում ունեցած նշանակությունները։ Բնագրային վկայությամբ չհաստատված հնարավոր նշանակությունները բացատրություններում չեն ընդգրկվում։
Այսպիսի բառարաննեում պետք է բացառվեն հեղինակների կազմած օրինակները․ լուսաբանող նյութը պետք է ունենա խիստ փաստական սկզբնաղբյուր՝ ստույգ հղումով իրական բնագրին։
The life and writings of Orhan Pamuk
Authors: Avetisyan Ani
Published: July 2024

Orhan Pamuk, being a son of a family with republican ideas, has always felt and seen his strong dependence on Western intelligence, the expression of which is also visible in his works. Thus, Orhan Pamuk is the author of 11 novels and articles-conversations, biographical and small-scale works written on various topics, which are still known to the world's reading-society. And this set of the most controversial, most read  and bestselling books of modern Turkish literature has brought Orhan Pamuk the fame and wide recognition in the local and foreign literary worlds, being translated into 60 languages and distributed in approximately 11 million copies. The secret of Orhan Pamuk's worldwide success is determined especially by his dual "Cultural Politics", the plot and ideological direction of his works, which reflect the questions existing in Islamic and Christian cultures, as well as the interpenetrations of  the two worlds: the West and East, the search for ways to bring each other closer together, with a competition of tradition and innovation, in which the traditions of Eastern storytelling are combined with elements of Western modernism, ultimately creating works of "exquisite beauty" in an "intellectual, witty and elegant" style. While completing our article, we should note that the biography and bibliography of Orhan Pamuk's works will be enriched with new information, because the writer lives and creates in our days, for whom writing is a way of life, a constant desire to be in other worlds, and a refuge from reality.
ТHE EXCERPT WITH THE BEGINNING “I KNOW THAT…” OF “SONG OF SONGS” AND THE COMMENTARY OF VARDAN AREVELTSI
Authors: Hovsepyan Lilit
Published: July 2024

A few of the manuscripts “Commentary of Song of Songs” by Vardan Areveltsi, along with their commentaries present the excerpt with the beginning “I know that…” of “Song of Songs”. This excerpt of “Song of Songs” retains only the canon of the Bible in Armenian.
 The commentary of this excerpt in Armenology has been considered as an individual homily which has no relation to the “Commentary of Song of Songs” by Vardan Areveltsi (P. Antabian, H. Kyoseyan) intended to be placed in the “Tonapatchar” collection (Mashtots Matenadaran, Ms. № 5862). However, through the comparison of manuscripts it becomes clear that besides the Mss. №№ 5862, 1121 and 3695 already put into scientific circulation, the composition under consideration is also present in the Mss. №№ 4834, 5259, 1161, 5747, 3342 and the Mss. №№ 1361, 1212, 1368 of the Mekhitarist Library of Venice.
The article subjects to a comparative examination not only individual manuscripts of the Commentary by Vardan Areveltsi, but also allusions, descriptions on the excerpt “I know that…”. As a result of the comparison, it is confirmed that the interpretation of the passage “I know that…” was originally part of the “Commentary of Song of Songs” by Vardan Areveltsi, consequently it was separated from the proper Commentary and was included in the “Tonapatchar” collection as a homily. This condition of the original text is reflected in the 1278 copied manuscript № 1361 of the Mekhitarist Library of Venice which proves that the commentary with the beginning “I know that…” of “Song of Songs” authored by Vardan Areveltsi is not an individual homily, but part of the “Commentary of Song of Songs” and should be considered as one unit with the Commentary when compiling the original critical text.
MONUMENTAL ART IN ARMENIA/MONUMENTAL ART, FRESCO PAINTING/
Authors: Meliksetyan Gor
Published: July 2024

Armenian monumental art is the undisputed leader of the early medieval and medieval art of artistic culture, with its varieties.
Armenian monumental art, as well as monumental painting - mural painting, are anchored mainly on Christian themes, which increases its artistic value even more.
Modern Armenian monumental works, both monumental and mural, are inspired by the national traditions and customs of medieval art, why not also by thematics. However, often these things have relative independent significance, are the important dominant of the complex. Such works are distinguished by the depth of philosophical meditations on the world, the sublimity of man, and the primacy of the principle of imaging.
Other types of works of Armenian monumental art do not carry high ideas and harmoniously decorate walls, roofs, facades and other surfaces in architecture, and border on decorative art with their architectural ornamental expressions (sometimes this direction is indicated by the term monumental decorative art). However, there is no strict boundary between these two types of monumental works of art.
The history of Armenian monumental art testifies that our artists have stood at the intersection of three ways in terms of creativity: custom, rule, innovation. That is the reason why their art is not unambiguous and uniform, it is diverse and special.
In the field of mural painting, the characteristic features on which modern Armenian art is based, with its inexhaustible artistry, stand out.
Monumental art (monumental and mural art) has existed in Armenia for three millennia and continues today. It is not only progressive, but deeply in line with the pretentiousness of Armenian art, with clearly expressed tendencies of monumentality.
THE STYLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF K. ERZNKATSI'S VERSES
Authors: GRIGORYAN SUSANNA
Published: July 2024

This article is devoted to the examination of linguistic features of K. Yerznkatsi’s poems. Kostandin Yerznkatsi is the first singer of nature and love in the Armenian medieval ballads. There is very little information about K. Yerznkatsi. He lived and created from the second half of the 13 the century to the first decades of the 14 th century. In terms of thematicity and content, K. Yerznkatsi’s verses are divided into the following groups: religious, moral, nature, love. However, in general, the poet's work has a personal-social, lyrical character. The poet's mood, environment, world perception, many internal and external circumstances naturally play a decisive role in the imagery system of each work. K. Yerznkatsi's poems stand out for their unique linguistic structures and stylistic features. They are rich in epithets, comparisons, metaphors, repetitions, contrasts. The use of these stylistic means gives the columns unique expressiveness and sensitivity
Kostandin Yerznaktsi’s lines of are about longing and love for life, heartfelt desire to enjoy it, hope and joy, faith in achieving happiness. It is interesting that along with the allegorical manifestations of the feeling of love, unlike those of other medieval authors, K. Yerznkatsi's poems are often devoid of religious interpretations, because K. Yerznkatsi was a man of a more secular era of thinking and approached nature, its awakening with a more sober view, created spiritual songs of nature, expressing in them his naturalist doctrine, which were again based on the almighty idea of God.
MONOGRAM OF VLADIMIR KIRAKOSYAN"RUBEN SEVAK (LIFE AND WORK)"
Authors: KHACHATRYAN NAIRA
Published: July 2024

V. Kirakosyan's scientific interests mostly include Armenian literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. When in 1967 he defended his Ph.D. thesis at the Institute of Literature after Manuk Abangyan on the life and work of the Western Armenian poet Ruben Sevak, who became a victim of the Genocide, only 8 years had passed since he graduated from the Department of Armenian Language and Literature of the Leninakan /Gyumri/ Pedagogical Institute. V. Kirakosyan set a task to open and comment in the artistic context of Western Armenian lyrics assessment of the literary heritage of Ruben Sevak at the turn of two centuries, noticing that the lyrical works of Ruben Sevak are contradictory, and at the same time one of the most interesting and capacious phenomena of Western Armenian literature at the beginning of the century. Trying not to break the ideological and artistic unity of the works of Sevak, Kirakosyan  represents the characteristics of the general manifestations of the human, individual, social environment in the development of complex and contradictory manifestations of time, helps to perceive the seemingly complicated problems more clearly and descriptively.
Vladimir Kirakosyan is endowed with a subtle sense of the poet, who presented the multi-thematic, multi-genre and multi-faceted work of Ruben Sevak so deeply and comprehensively that it became a kind of emotional bridge of poetry between the poet and the still unfamiliar reader. For Kirakosyan, the sacrament of love is evidence of the content and meaning of life. Namely this understanding of the issue gives the true shade and light to the love songs that form the core of Sevak's poetry. This approach is the reason of why the ideological and artistic unity of Sevak's works is so warmly reflected in Kirakosyan's imaginations. Trying not to violate it, the literary critic presents in the complex and contradictory manifestations of time a characteristic of the general manifestations of a person, an individual, a social environment, helps to perceive the seemingly complex problems more clearly and more obviously, without which Sevak's works would remain inaccessible and difficult phenomena.
Love lyrics of Ruben Sevak by V. Kirakosyan reminds of the fairy tale of beautiful days gone. In gentle, romantic tones, the dawn of the poet's life and the legend of family happiness are depicted, which fades with the gloomy disaster that has overtaken the nation; and the beautiful narration of the bright soul is interrupted, by hands of murderers are interrupted both life, and love, and dreams...
Sevak’s song on the homeland was also studied and gained significance, of the history and heroic battles of which the poet was proud, as thanks to them the nation has earned its right to live with dignity in this ancient and evil world. 
The literary critic Vladimir Kirakaosyan and the poet Ruben Sevak are similar in their perceptions and assessments, otherwise this successful union of song and interpretation would not have been created.
INFORMATION HYGIENE AS AN IMPERATIVE OF NEW ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE
Authors: MARKOSYAN DIANA
Published: July 2024

Observation of information hygiene practices is highly important today; a healthy society should have a stable mental state, but as we know social media shapes and manages public moods and opinions.  This is where the presence of a psychologically healthy media industry becomes an imperative. A healthy society needs a psychologically healthy media.
To have progress, scientific and technical achievements and success, a stable and confidence-inspiring environment is a must, where one can work and create. Whereas any stressful incident or event, emergency situation, and, above all, martial law and military operation is a development-preventing, destructive soil, where frustration, apathy and hopelessness develop well, leading to incapacity.
Experts in various fields believe that ever since Armenia gained independence the country has been unable to straighten up and ensure the necessary pace for development of science, culture and technology, as it has been struggling with the consequences of various natural and man-made, military and political disasters, which affect and disintegrate all creative forces and crush the aspirations of individuals. In these conditions, it is impossible to expect any positive result.
The author has tried to find ways to fight "information garbage" and suggests some steps to keep the information landscape clean.
Literary correspondence: structure and language
Authors: Galstyan Ashot
Published: July 2024

As a result of studying the topic, we came to the following conclusions.

Letters of writers are of great importance for the history of Armenian literature and culture. The issues raised in them, even if private, but of concern to the public, convey to the reader the state of mind and mood of the author.
In terms of their composition and questions addressed to the reader, the letters have mainly the nature of a dialogue.
Some large-scale letters can be considered the building blocks of fiction or documentary-fiction.
The style of the collection of letters, representing elements of public speaking, has significant linguistic and expressive manifestations (contrast of personal pronouns I-you, abundance of adverbs, phraseologisms, etc.).
Our general conclusion is that some experts consider part of the letters to be documentary literature. However, we must note that the letters are twofold in their structure. They have layers of both dialogue and monologue. In letters, there is usually no effort, no labor, no gestures.

Thus, different types of letters, despite their generality, have structural and linguistic differences.
Semantic shifts of the vocabulary of Ghazar Parpetsi's "Paper" in armenian (Diachronic investigation)
Authors: Karapetyan Sirarpi
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the "Paper" written by Ghazar Parpetsi - a historian of the 5th century. We conducted a diachronic study as the words that we considered in the article underwent a morphological-semantic change or gained polysemy during different periods of language development. There can be lexical combinations of different parts of speech in a language, for nominal/ adjective lexical combinations, etc.
Various Armenian and foreign linguists have referred to part-of-speech combinations of words. Even commentators on the grammar of Dionysios Thrax noticed combinations of  part-of-speech meanings of more than one word. Considering morphological polysemy in the "Paper to Vahan Mamikonyan" by Parpetsi at the diachronic level, we extracted the explanations of the words which we selected from Grabar Օld Armenian lexical monuments, giving evidence proving for these words with their grammatical meanings.
Corresponding evidence was provided for each word. In our selection, we singled out words that underwent both two-and three-meaning shifts. Semantic transitions were made mainly from parts of nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. The morphological meanings and semantic meanings of these words are clearly distinguished by their individual uses at the syntactic level. In the article, we also considered the semantic changes of the words in our choice in the course of time.
Ashugh Nahapet Kouchak and his Songs
Authors: Yeghiazaryan Vano
Published: July 2024

Nahapet Kouchak created songs in ashugh style in Armenian and Armenian-Persian, Turkish as ‘’dapull, ama, varsagh, tejnis, divani, dyubeit, as well as some other ashugh songs, metrics of which is quite different and have nothing to do with iambic-anapestic metrics of gousan-folk hayrens(the Natives). It should be mentioned that Ashugh Kouchak left his name at the end of his songs, whereas in no manuscript Kouchak was mentioned as an author of individual hayren. The language of hayrens is Middle Armenian, whereas the language of Kouchak’s songs known to us is mixed-Arabic Armenian, Persian and Turkish. It is known that Kouchak cured the Sultan’s wife owing to his song. No doubt that Nahapet’s song was in Turkish, the same is for his ashugh songs. Thus, Nahapet Kouchak was one of the first ashugh-singers, a unique ashugh, who didn’t have anything to do with the hayren vocal art.
Thus, 29 songs by Ashugh Kouchak are written in ashugh style. 11 of them are Armenian songs, 1 written in Armenian- Persian and 17-in Turkish. The latter was the main language of ashughs at that time. As to Kouchak’s grandson’s literary heritage, it should be stated that we haven’t known anything about it so far.
Thus, Kouchak of Van, the Patriarch of Armenian ashughs, is the first trilingual ashugh, owing to whom later Sayat-Nova also created in three languages.
Paruyr Sevak to the children
Authors: Gilavyan Meline
Published: July 2024

As a result of studying the theme “Paruyr Sevak to the children”, we have come to a number of conclusions:

Naturally, Paruyr Sevak cannot be  considered a children's writer in the dictionary meaning of the word, but we can't help but record that he gave a new path of progress to pediatrics   with his collection of children's poems "Your Acquaintances" . The collection taught children's writers of his generation and those who appeared in subsequent decades masterful lessons in presenting the themes and motifs of folklore to child readers in a new way.
With his children's poems Paruyr Sevak shows that one should be guided by taking into consideration the features of the readers' age and psychological development and not to burden children's poems with inappropriately used comparisons, metaphors, and adverbs.

      In this sense, it can be concluded that the poet offered the children's poets not only a content, but also a form-structural, and a linguistic guide to the children's poem, which was very useful for the children's poets.       

With the poems of his collection of "Your Acquaintances" P. Sevak teaches child readers important lessons they will need for whole their life. He does not give advice to the readers, but criticizes the flawed traits and characteristics of human character in simple and accessible artistic ways, leaving the conclusions to the readers.

        The "heroes" of his children's poems are representatives of the animal world, whom the poet humanizes in a unique way, endows them with flawed and appreciable qualities and traits that are characteristic of a  human character.

P. Sevak's children's poems stand out for their high performance skills, uncomplicated narrative style, appropriate use of comparisons, metaphors, adverbs, and musicality.

       The poet does not give advice and admonitions to child readers, but talks with them about representatives of the animal world giving appropariate answers to  their interesting "why"-s  and "how"-s.
The genre frame of Hrachya Hovhannisyan's poetry
Authors: Poghosyan Tatevik
Published: July 2024

As a result of the study of the  theme , our conclusions are as follows:

Continuing and combining the traditions of medieval Armenian, modern Armenian and world literatures Hrachya Hovhannisyan widened the boundaries of genre inclusion, enriched it with new approaches in new structural ways. The equability of details in the structure, the associations of the rhythmic units stand out with unexpected resolutions in his works written in different genres.
Apart from the traditional forms of poetry there are also some genres in his collections that are absolutely new. E.g.  the nonet, which is one of the  less spread genres in music and has not been widely spread in the literature, either. As a result of the study we have found out that it was performed by nine musicians and during the performance the musicians leave the stage one by one. The poetic structure of nonet also consists of nine lines, the first line has nine legs, the second one has eight legs, and the third line has seven lines and so on till the last line. As the genre is one of the types of music, one must naturally conclude, that it must have an appropriate musical sonority and appropriate rhythms.
Hrachya Hovhannisyan's nonets approximately have such structures and sonorities, the  musicality of which are obviously provided in an artificial way. All nine nonets written by Hrachya Hovhannisyan have the same rhyming, that are quite poor. It can be said that they are artificial rhymes. Our conclusion on Hr. Hovhannisyan’s nonets is that they were written in the manner of nonets printed in Parisian newspapers, as experiments, and that is the reason why the poet did not refer to that genre later.         Sonnets occupy a significant place in  Hrachya Hovhannisyan’s  works.
Hr. Hovhannisyan uses different forms of structure not only in nonets but also in his sonnets. Sonnets generally have fixed forms of structure. Hr. Hovhannisyan prefers the 4+3+3+3 structure of the sonnet. However, while in this version of the structure the main point or "key of the sonnet" is revealed in the last two lines, in Hr. Hovhannisyan's sonnets, the last lines do not differ from the previous ones and do not act as "sonnet keys".
Our general conclusion is as follows: at all the stages of his creative journey being on the way of research Hr. Hovhannisyan truly tried different structures of poems, but he never got caught up in the urge to look fashionable: He always remained faithful to the classical traditions of our poetry and  created his unique poetic structure on their solid pedestal.
The original of the "Interpretation of the calendar" by YovhannẼs Kozern (the problem of "What is the year?")
Authors: Galstyan Gor
Published: July 2024

To conclude, we would like to note that, following our goal, in this article we presented the handwritten legacy of the famous calendar expert of the 10th-11th centuries Yovhannẽs Kozern Taronetśi, whose legacy has been preserved in the manuscripts of the Mashtots Matenadaran. We have stated that the author's "Interpretation of the Calendar" is included in eleven manuscripts of the Matenadaran. Yovhannẽs Kozern is also the author of other works: the work "Tesil", "The history of the House of Bagratuni", speeches, sermons and other interpretations.
In the article we touched on the question "What is the year?" according to the work of Yovhannẽs Kozern "Interpretation of the calendar". To study the issue, we used both the already published originals and two new manuscripts that were not used in the preparation of examination and comparative originals. Once again, these manuscripts of the Matenadaran No. 5809 and No. 8716, which the researchers did not refer to, contributed to the clarification of all the figures given in the calendarial entity of "What is the year".
The article also discusses the idea of the beginning of the Armenian first year. Yovhannẽs Kozern showed the correspondence of this year to 552/553 of the Julian calendar, comparing 1 Navasard with various periods of the reign of the kings and Catholicoses of Armenians. 
We also hope that the idea of the "immobility" of the Armenian calendar put forward by us will allow to look at various issues of the Armenian calendar from a new angle.
During the research of the topic, we adopted a new calendar method, and also used historical-analytic, historical-comparative and analytic methods.
Development of individual interests and creative capabilities through graphics programs
Authors: Mkhitaryan Naira
Published: July 2024

Conclusion based on the results of the study of the topic:

Knowledge of computer technologies and their application is a prerequisite for specialists in all areas of artistic creativity. Computer graphics occupies a key place in many types of visual activity. Mastering computer technologies allows a person to form new development prospects, making him a specialist ready for the requirements and challenges of the time.
In modern conditions, the development of creative abilities in all areas of art is associated with the process of computer graphics. It is a means of developing creativity. Thanks to computer graphics, work is simplified, interdisciplinary connections are created, which makes the worldview of the individual, the development and reproduction of conscious abilities faster, more efficient and larger.
Intellectual perception of modern society requires great attention to computer technology. Their development introduces changes not only in the content of education, but also in the way of thinking of a person. It serves as an effective means of forming the intellectual abilities of the individual and developing aesthetic education. Therefore, computer graphics programs appear as a new kind of art, on the one hand, and on the other hand, as a working tool for a graphic designer.
As a means of an effective graphic creative approach, computer technologies, in addition to the importance of aesthetic development and worldview, give a person practical skills in working with graphic tools. The freedom to choose visualization tools of a different nature makes it possible to integrate a number of areas into the process, maximizing and developing the abilities of the creator.
In order to implement all this, to make it accessible to students, it is very necessary to provide classrooms with computer equipment. Their application will make working with students interesting and new. Conducting different types of lessons with the addition of new technological capabilities will create an interdisciplinary connection through the task.
Derechos Humanos … entre lo real y lo posible. Tomo I
Authors: Nuñez Palacios María Susana , Durand Alcantara Carlos Humberto , Zaldívar Herrera Luz del Carmen , Castillo Lara Clara , Suárez Escobar Marcela , Pastor Escobar Raquel , Sánchez Albarrán Armando , Rodríguez Mata Sara , Vila Domínguez María Magdalena , Castillo López Juan Antonio , Sierra Martínez Santa Isabel , Torres Malagón Uriel , Mendoza Alcalá Anahí Marcela , Salgado Díaz Marcela
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se pone de relieve la denuncia en defensa de los Derechos Humanos, como es el caso de la indebida aplicación tecnológica que contradice la pervivencia humana, Por otro lado, se advierten circunstancias que nos permiten señalar la importancia de la diversidad cultural, tal como lo plantea Edgar Morin, acerca del carácter complejo, en que proyecta dicha normatividad, pues atiende a espacios y tradiciones históricas diversas. En virtud de los diversos acercamientos e ideas que guarda cada uno de los autores que participan en esta obra, se han integrado en cinco grandes apartados, estableciendo un orden lógico en la comprensión del fenómeno en estudio. Partimos por ubicar bajo una visión hermenéutica a la que hemos de¬nominado: Texto y contexto de los derechos humanos en el siglo XXI. La segunda parte libro, la hemos intitulado De¬rechos Humanos y Grupos Vulnerables, está compuesta por sie¬te ensayo. El tercer apartado se titula: Derechos de la Tercera Generación y Organismos de aplicación de derechos humanos. Denominación que, con¬sideramos en virtud de un momento histórico determinado, que coincide con la “maduración” de las estructuras capitalis¬tas. En el cuarto apartado, se han incorporado cinco capítulos que a nuestro parecer encierran la visión más polémica, acerca del fenómeno en cuestión. Esta sección se titula: Derechos humanos, un acercamiento desde la Filosofía. Bajo una visión abstracta se sustenta por sus autores una visión compleja, en las que están en juego distintos ámbitos de la juridicidad y de su concomitante comprensión ontológica, epistemológica y ética que ameritan los diversos enfoques expuestos. Finalmente, este trabajo cierra con el apartado quinto, in¬titulado Reformas constitucionales recientes en México (1999–2012) en materia de derechos humanos, está integrado por tres trabajos cuyos contenidos versan sobre los cambios que, en el caso mexicano, se han generado en nuestra legislación en materia de derechos humanos.
The influence mechanism of Chinese lithium-ion battery new venture growth based on the perspective of entrepreneurial characteristics
Authors: Huang Zhongxi , Na-Nan Khahan
Published: July 2024

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a predictive effect on entrepreneurial performance. The lithium-ion battery industry is the cornerstone of the emergency of the four emerging industries of “new energy”, “new materials”, “new technology” and “high-end manufacturing”. In the past, scholars have not considered the characteristics of entrepreneurs in their research on improving Chinese lithium-ion battery new venture growth. The personal characteristics of entrepreneurs have not received widespread attention from scholars. This article will start with the characteristics of entrepreneurs themselves and explore the path that entrepreneurs’ characteristics affect Chinese lithium battery new venture growth. This article builds a structural equation model to empirically analyze the relationship among variables. The data analysis results show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly promotes the growth of new startups and entrepreneurial resilience plays a mediating role between the two. It cannot be concluded that entrepreneurial passion plays a positive moderation role between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience. Entrepreneurial passion also does not play a positive moderation effect between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and new venture growth. However, entrepreneurial passion plays a positive moderating role in the influence of entrepreneurial resilience on new venture growth. The findings of the study are beneficial for practitioners of Chinese lithium battery enterprises and will allow their strategies to promote sustainable new venture growth.
Harmony in virtual space: Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) development communication in creating digital literacy based on religious moderation Pusat Pengajian Komunikasi, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Humaizi Humaizi , Nik Hasan Nik Norma , Dalimunthe Maulana Andinata , Ramadhani Emilia
Published: July 2024

This article aims to analyze the role of the Medan City Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB) in shaping harmony in digital literacy-based virtual communities. FKUB has a central role as an institution that ensures that the aspirations and interests of religious communities can be accommodated effectively. In addition to making real improvements, FKUB also initiated its moderating role through the digital realm. This research adopts a qualitative method using a phenomenological approach. Primary data was obtained through interactions with key informants, while secondary data sources involved articles, books, reportage related to the context of the research theme. Data collection was conducted through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman analysis model with the steps of data coding, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that FKUB initiated digital literacy-based religious moderation through two development communication models. The first model is a linear model where FKUB acts as a community educator. The second model is a participatory model that is usually uploaded on Instagram, FaceBook and Youtube social media. This model allows the community to comment and have two-way communication with the FKUB. Both models are oriented towards creating collective intelligence as an indicator of building virtual harmony. Through digital literacy-based development communication, FKUB can be a mediator in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s), namely: Peace, justice and strong institutions, as well as promoting equality and reducing inequality.
Lodgepole pine (Pinus Contorta Loud. var. latifolia S. Wats.) growth in the Republic of Komi
Authors: Демидова Н.А. , Дуркина Т.М. , Гоголева Л.Г. , Быков Ю.С. , Парамонов А.А.
Published: July 2024

Исследован рост сосны скрученной широкохвойной в условиях средней тайги Республики Коми. В 25-летнем возрасте культуры сосны скрученной имеют высокую сохранность и хорошее состояние, что свидетельствует о правильном выборе экотипов этой породы. Изучение устойчивости культур сосны скрученной к снеговой и ветровой нагрузке показало, что эти повреждения не имеют массового характера. Особое внимание уделяется сравнению роста сосны скрученной и сосны обыкновенной в одинаковых условиях произрастания.
Ресурсы плодовых растений подлеска в ельнике мшистом Североуральской среднегорной лесорастительной провинции
Authors: Панин И.А. , Залесов С.В.
Published: July 2024

Установлены и проанализированы показатели густоты и урожайности плодовых растений подлеска. Выявлены наиболее перспективные насаждения для организации их заготовок.
Search and Perspective use of fleshy oil fruits of forest plants
Authors: Соломонова Е.В. , Трусов Н.А.
Published: July 2024

Растительные масла являются ценными питательными веществами. Поиск и изучение новых нетрадиционных источников масел – важная научная задача. Определены наиболее перспективные лесные растения с сочными масличными плодами и предложены маркерные признаки для поиска таких растений в будущем.
Новые аспекты оценки поглощения парниковых газов лесами России в контексте Парижского соглашения об изменении климата
Authors: Филипчук А.Н. , Моисеев Б.Н. , Малышева Н.В.
Published: July 2024

Выполнен анализ результатов расчета поглотительной способности лесов по базовой методике, используемой при подготовке национальной отчетности согласно международным соглашениям и обязательствам Российской Федерации. Выявлены ключевые факторы, влияющие на суммарную расчетную оценку поглощения СО2 лесами. Предложено переосмыслить базовую методику и пересмотреть учетные единицы кадастра для объективного и максимально полного учета поглощения и накопления углерода лесами России.
Survival and Growth of Aboriginal and Introduced Woody Plant Species at Middle Hill Sandy Sites in Steppe Zone
Authors: Турчин Я. , Ермолова С. , Пичуева В.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований приживаемости и роста аборигенных и интродуцированных древесных пород на бугристых песках степной зоны. На основании результатов исследований определены наиболее перспективные для облесения бугристых песков виды автохтонных (аборигенных) и интродуцированных древесных пород.
To Question of Accelerated Formation in the Western Siberia of Target Designs of the Cedar Pine Forests on the Zonal-Typological Basis
Authors: Чижов Б. , Кулясова О.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения зонально-типологических особенностей кедровников Западной Сибири. Выявлены оптимальные экологические условия для роста сосны кедровой. Предложены мероприятия по ускоренному формированию орехоносных кедровников.

Zone-typological features of cedar forests were studied based on the materials of the forest management of the Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Districts. The analysis of the data showed that in the taiga zone of Western Siberia, more than 30 types of forest are included in the 6 groups. The most widespread and significant in economic terms is the plantation of cedar, which belong to the green mosses group of forest types. On trial plots of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and Tomsk Oblast, the growth of crops and undergrowth as well as the nut productivity of pine cedar were determined. Experiments on removal of birch and aspen by arboricides were carried out in the Tyumen region and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Optimal conditions for the growth of cedar are added under full illumination. Accelerated formation of nut-bearing stone pine forests is promising in herbage, grass-floodplain, green-moss groups of forest types in the southern and middle taiga, reducing by 5-10 times the period of oppressed cedar growth under the canopy of deciduous plantations. The cutting of the maternal stand is more actively responded to by adolescents 1–3 m in height. Thin young growth, more than 5 m in height, is prone to damage by wind. It is established that for clarification of cultures and natural growth of cedar, birch and aspen shoots are effectively sprayed in August with glyphosate derivatives (doses 6,0–8,0 l/ha) or dried by injection into barrels of arboricides. Radical acceleration of the onset of seed formation in cedar is achieved by grafting cuttings into crones of cedar youngstocks from positive seed-bearing trees. This made it possible to obtain pine nuts from the age of 20–25 years old and to reduce to a minimum the years with poor harvest. Low-productive dark coniferous plantations of forest-tundra and northern taiga, lichen and sphagnum stone pine forests of the more southern subzones are recommended to be used for protection of water objects and environmental protection purposes.
Structure Forest Stands Larch Sibirica of the Republic Tatarstan
Authors: Зарипов И. , Пуряев А.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований, характеризующие структуру древостоев лиственницы сибирской в Республике Татарстан. Отмечено, что основная часть лиственничников произрастает в условиях свежих сураменей, где их возрастная структура неравномерна. Показано, что наивысшей производительностью отличаются древостои, произрастающие в свежих раменях.

The article describes structural organization of larch stands in the Republic of Tatarstan. It was established that the area of larch makes about 5 thousand hectares located mainly in young suramen, young and dry ramen stands. Age profile of larch crops is uneven, and the average age profile of this species stands varies from 35,9 in Predkamje and up to 39,1 in Predvolzhje. This value varies depending on the site. Under D2 condition (young ramens), larch has the largest average standing crop, and those values are reached over 80 years. It was identified that larch forms high-bonitet stands (1a bonitet class) in young ramens that, besides all, feature the highest relative density. Conclusion: growing Larix Sibirica under conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan is feasible and attractive, and it is necessary to increase the area of planting larch seedlings in the region.
Evaluation of Response of Norway Spruce on the Influence of Climatic Factors in Forest Stands of Different Species Composition
Authors: Стоноженко Л.В. , Румянцев Д.Е. , Найденова Е.В.
Published: July 2024

Методами анализа дендроклиматической информации выполнена оценка реакции ели европейской в древостоях разного породного состава на воздействие различных климатических факторов. Выявлена меньшая засухоустойчивость деревьев ели в чистом древостое по сравнению с липово-еловыми древостоями с небольшой долей ели в составе. Рекомендовано в соответствующих лесорастительных условиях Московской обл. создавать смешанные липово-еловые древостои

The article considers the issue of creation and formation of new plantations in forest areas, passed continuous sanitary logging. Less stability of homogeneous ecosystems is noted, in this connection the creation of pure spruce forests, especially in protective forests, seems to be impractical. In the formation of mixed stands it is necessary to select breeds that would be in a number of positions are complementary to each other and compensate for the impact of certain environmental factors. As a companion species or in the zone of coniferous-broad-leaved forests, the Linden is proposed in view of the presence of natural mechanisms of protection from dry periods, to which spruce is vulnerable.Also in the article the problem of interspecific and intraspecific competition as a factor determining the growth and development of stands is considered. In particular, the influence of this factor on the formation of the radial growth of wood was studied. The aim of this work was to assess the reaction of European spruce in stands of different species composition to the impact of different climatic factors, performed by methods of analysis of dendroclimatic information. The average chronology for stands with spruce more than 6 units in species composition and with Linden more than 6 units in species composition were calculated. A comparison with the results of a similar study, also carried out on the territory of Shchelkovo training and experimental forestry. Òhe method of correlation analysis and method of analysis of climogramsidentified most of the drought sensitivity of spruce trees in a pure stand compared to spruce trees from stands with a small proportion of spruce. The value of growth of spruce in the composition of the stand with a predominance of Linden was less dependent on the influence of climatic factors, which may indicate a greater stability of spruce in the composition of Linden-spruce stands in comparison with pure spruce. It is recommended to create mixed lime-spruce stands for the conditions of the Moscow region in the corresponding forest growth conditions. The creation of such stands will improve the stability of forests in the Moscow region and will provide better performance of their functions of protective forests.