bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Emergent Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty as a Rescue Therapy for Cardiogenic Shock Due to Severe Aortic Stenosis in Non-TAVI Centers
Authors: Masuda Mayuka , Fujimoto Wataru , Iwasaki Masamichi , Uzu Kenzo , Sawa Takuma , Kozuki Amane , Nishio Ryo , Hiranuma Noritoshi , Takemoto Makoto , Kuroda Koji , Yamashita Soichiro , Imanishi Junichi , Todoroki Takafumi , Okuda Masanori , Otake Hiromasa
Published: February 2025

Background
The prognosis of aortic stenosis (AS) with cardiogenic shock remains poor, and optimal initial treatment remains unclear. Emergent balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is a treatment option for salvage and recent studies have reported that early release of valve obstruction by emergent BAV could improve prognosis. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of emergent BAV for severe AS with cardiogenic shock.
Methods
A total of 41 patients with severe AS in cardiogenic shock were enrolled and divided into the emergent (underwent BAV within 12h of admission, n = 10) and non-emergent (underwent BAV more than 12h after admission, n = 15) groups, after excluding 16 patients who did not undergo BAV. The primary endpoints were the 30-day mortality rate and procedural complications. The secondary endpoints were days to withdrawal from the mechanical circulatory support (MCS), days to initial rehabilitation, and clinical frailty scale (CFS) score at discharge.
Results
The 30-day mortality rate was not significantly different between the emergent and non-emergent groups (10% vs. 20%, p = 0.63). One patient experienced stroke after procedure in the non-emergent group. The days to withdrawal from MCS and to start rehabilitation were earlier in emergent group (2.9 ± 1.2 days vs. 7.8 ± 4.6 days; p < 0.01, 4.2 ± 1.9 days vs. 10.8 ± 6.5 days; p < 0.01). The CFS score at discharge in the emergent group was maintained compared to before admission (from 3.8 ± 1.0 to 3.9 ± 1.1; p = 0.35), whereas worsened in the non-emergent group (from 3.8 ± 0.9 to 4.6 ± 1.2; p = 0.03).
Conclusions
Emergent BAV for cardiogenic shock is feasible, and earlier BAV would provide immediate recovery and prevent deterioration of frailty.
Rasch Analysis of the 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale in Japanese Older Adults with Musculoskeletal Disorders: Identifying Age-Related Differences in Item Difficulty and Misfitting Items
Authors: Nakano Masaki , Ikemoto Tatsunori , Arai Young-Chang , Takahashi Nobunori , Nakamura Yukio
Published: February 2025

Background Locomotive syndrome (LS), a condition characterized by diminished mobility due to musculoskeletal disorders, is a growing concern among older adults. The 25-item Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25) is a common tool for LS assessment. However, its reliance on classical test theory and the inclusion of non-motor function items raise questions about its accuracy in reflecting motor dysfunction severity. This study aimed to evaluate the GLFS-25's psychometric properties using Rasch analysis, focusing on item difficulty variations between young-old (60–74 years) and old-old (75–89 years) individuals with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 1000 outpatients (500 young-old and 500 old-old) with MSDs. Participants completed the GLFS-25. Rasch analysis was performed using Winsteps software to assess item difficulty, person ability, and item fit. Wright person-item maps were generated to visualize the distribution of item difficulty and person ability. Infit and outfit mean-square values were used to identify misfitting items.Results The mean age of participants was 73.8 ± 6.8 years. Mean GLFS-25 scores were 26.4 ± 22.3 (young-old) and 35.1 ± 23.0 (old-old). Cronbach's alpha exceeded 0.95 in both groups. Significant differences in LS severity proportions were observed between age groups (p < 0.001). Wright maps revealed a scarcity of items discriminating among low-scoring individuals, particularly in the young-old group. Items related to dressing, toilet use, and bathing were most discriminating for high-scoring individuals. Neck/upper limb pain and social engagement were identified as misfitting items across both age groups. Back/lower back/buttock pain and social interaction were misfitting in the young-old and old-old groups, respectively.Conclusions While the GLFS-25 demonstrated excellent internal consistency, Rasch analysis revealed limitations in its ability to discriminate among individuals with low LS scores, particularly in the young-old group. In addition, several misfitting items were identified, suggesting that some items may not contribute effectively to the measurement of LS.
EMAT-Based Crack Detection in Railway Tracks Using Multi-Domain Signal Processing and Scalogram-Driven Deep Learning
Authors: Asif Muhammad Talha , Malik Sohail , Khan Asif , Ali Nazim , Iqbal Arshad , Huang Bin
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel crack detection approach in railroads using electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) that can be integrated with multi-domain signal processing techniques and scalogram-driven deep learning approach. In the study nine different scenarios across three critical sections of the railway track were investigated. Several useful signals processing techniques, including time-domain, frequency-domain, Power Spectrum, Periodogram, Welch Method, short-time Fourier transform (STFT), and wavelet transform, are implemented to evaluate the data acquired through EMAT sensors. Wavelet transformations are applied to the proposed segments to generate scalogram images, which are used as an input in deep learning model training. When results were compared to conventional machine learning classifiers, the deep learning model performs better, exhibiting higher accuracy in identifying different types of cracks from scalogram images. The results demonstrate that EMAT-based fracture identification, advanced signal processing, and deep learning can greatly enhance railway track inspection and safety, even though the system currently processes data in batches rather than in real time. Future work will focus on real-time data acquisition and further optimization of the deep learning architecture.
Application of plasma electrocautery combined with self-made irrigation catheter in the treatment of bladder blood clot tamponade: A retrospective study of 21 patients
Authors: Xu Shigao , Cao Pu , Liu Tieshi
Published: February 2025

Objective: To explore the application effect of plasma electrocautery combined with self-made irrigation catheter in the treatment of bladder clot tamponade.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 21 cases of bladder clot tamponade admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2024. The patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group (plasma electrocautery combined with self-made irrigation catheter) and the control group (plasma electrocautery alone). We compared the two different surgical methods in terms of blood clot clearance time, size of blood clots removed, postoperative bladder irrigation time, and postoperative rebleeding.
Results: The sizes of the blood clots removed in the two groups were (178.50±43.85) g and (167.27±50.12) g，respectively. The operation times were (51.00±12.01) minutes and (36.64±8.19) minutes, respectively. The postoperative bladder irrigation times were (2.05±0.76) days and (1.32±0.60) days, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the size of blood clots removed and the probability of postoperative rebleeding. However, it was statistically significant in terms of operation time and postoperative bladder irrigation time compared to the use of plasma electrocautery alone (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The application of plasma electrocautery combined with a self-made irrigation catheter in the treatment of bladder blood clot tamponade could effectively improve the clearance rate of blood clots within the bladder and accelerate the recovery of patients' conditions.
Improvement method of frequency distribution characteristics of power grid based on integrated inertial control
Authors: Wang Liang , Luo Yongnan , Jing Lantao
Published: February 2025

The integration of large-scale renewable energy sources alters the frequency response characteristics at various nodes and exacerbates the spatial distribution of frequency within the grid. Current virtual inertia control methods for renewable energy sources are insufficient in providing adequate frequency support to the grid and face challenges in improving the spatial distribution of frequency characteristics. This study proposes an integrated inertia control approach that aims to improve the inertia support, frequency regulation capabilities, and frequency distribution characteristics of the power grid. Initially, an integrated inertia control model for renewable energy units is developed, incorporating parameters such as virtual inertia control, sag control, and torque control, to bolster the frequency response capabilities at system nodes. Subsequently, a mathematical model is constructed to quantitatively analyze the frequency spatial distribution characteristics of the nodes of the system, along with the introduction of quantitative indices to assess these characteristics. Finally, an enhanced IEEE 10-39 simulation model is used for analysis, with experimental results demonstrating that the proposed integrated inertia control method for renewable energy units significantly improves the frequency spatial distribution characteristics of the power grid. Furthermore, the mathematical model developed for the characteristics of the spatial distribution of frequencies exhibits a high level of precision.
Exploring the Impact of Trauma-Informed Dramatherapy Training on Mental Health Practitioners in Myanmar: Perspectives on Integration, Effectiveness, and Cultural Adaptation
Authors: Ranasinha Ravindra
Published: February 2025

Myanmar’s prolonged civil conflict and the 2021 military coup have aggravated widespread trauma, anxiety, and depression, compounded by economic collapse and disruptions to mental health services. Traditional talk therapies alone are insufficient in addressing these complex psychological needs, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. This study examines the feasibility of trauma-informed dramatherapy as an intervention within Myanmar’s mental health landscape. In 2024, the Academy of Care at the Goethe-Institut Myanmar launched a Train-the-Trainer program to enhance the capacity of fifteen local mental health practitioners. Using a qualitative research design, this study explores the experiences of the fifteen participants who completed intensive two-week dramatherapy training. The findings reveal four key themes: (1) Cultural Adaptation and Mindfulness, highlighting the integration of local cultural practices to enhance accessibility; (2) Empowerment and Self-Discovery, demonstrating the training’s impact on practitioners’ self-awareness and therapeutic confidence; (3) Addressing Mental Health Challenges, illustrating dramatherapy’s effectiveness in supporting trauma survivors beyond traditional talk-based approaches; and (4) Community Healing and Connection, emphasizing its role in fostering social cohesion and collective trauma recovery. Findings suggest that culturally responsive trauma-informed dramatherapy holds significant potential for addressing Myanmar’s mental health crisis. However, sustained professional development, cultural adaptation, and further empirical research are essential to optimize its implementation and long-term impact.
Switchable Narrow Nonlocal Conducting Polymer Plasmonics
Authors: Jonsson Magnus , Lin Dongqing , Duan Yulong , Bandaru Pravallika , Li Pengli , Ansari Mohammad , Polyakov Alexander , Wilhelmsen Janna
Published: February 2025

Dynamically switchable surface plasmons in conducting polymers constitute an emerging route towards intelligent metasurfaces, but polymer plasmons have so far suffered from weak resonances with low quality factors (Q < 1-2). Here, we address this by nonlocal coupling of individual poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoantennas through collective lattice resonances (CLR) in periodic arrays. The results show that careful tuning of CLR matching conditions enables organic plasmonics with up to ten times improved Q compared with previous reports. Angle-dependent extinction spectra connect the results to the enhancement of low-loss radiative coupling from diffractive lattice effects. Furthermore, the nonlocal coupling strength between nanoantenna units and lattice could be modulated via redox reactions of PEDOT, enabling the narrow CLRs to be reversibly switched with large modulation depth (between 7% and 45% extinction). By improving both resonance strength and Q, the study circumvents previous limitations of conducting polymer plasmonics and shows feasibility for practical applications in active metasurfaces and nano-optic systems.
.
Authors: Talib Abdulazeez Muhammad
Published: February 2025

.
Speech Acts and Translation
Authors: Ahmed Qader Mohamedamin
Published: February 2025

This research explores the challenges in translating speech acts, particularly the differences between literal and idiomatic translations. The main research questions are: How do literal and idiomatic translations affect the understanding of speech acts? What role do cultural and contextual factors play in Translation?
The study finds that while literal translations work for straightforward, literal meanings, they often need more complex speech acts like requests or commands, which depend on context and culture. Idiomatic translations that consider these factors effectively convey the intended meaning.
The methodology includes analyzing translated texts, case studies, and online surveys with twenty experienced translators to understand the challenges in translating speech acts accurately. The research highlights the importance of idiomatic translations in preserving intent and improving cross-cultural communication, suggesting further study in translation methods and training for better accuracy in conveying meaning across languages.
China e o Conflito Israel-Palestina
Authors: Brancoli Fernando Luz , Alves Tamires
Published: February 2025

Analisando a presença e influência da China no conflito israelopalestino, este estudo parte da hipótese de que a estratégia chinesa se baseia numa ambiguidade estratégica, equilibrando apoio político à Palestina com investimentos econômicos em Israel. Utilizando técnicas de análise qualitativa, documentos oficiais chineses e estudos de caso, a relação entre a Proposta de Quatro Pontos de Xi Jinping e a Diplomacia Tecnológica é investigada. Conclui-se que a China combina a defesa pública da solução de dois Estados com a expansão de suas parcerias econômicas, refletindo uma postura pragmática no Oriente Médio.
STRATEGIZING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES TO ENSURE TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX
Authors:   Penza State University, A. Gamidullaeva Leyla , V. Shustruyskiy Artur ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The fuel industry has been developing for a long time in the absence of an effective state industrial policy aimed at reducing dependence on imported technological equipment from unfriendly countries. This has led to a mismatch between the technological interests, needs and capabilities of industrial enterprises and the institutional tools being developed to support the industry. Thus, there is an urgent need for the formation of a scientifically based system for managing the development of the power engineering industry in connection with the strategic priorities for the development of related sectors of the energy and fuel industry from the perspective of an ecosystem approach. Materials and methods. The methodology of systems analysis serves as a methodological framework that combines all the necessary methods, research techniques, activities and resources to solve the research problem. Results. The factors and trends influencing the functioning of the mechanical engineering industry, which is closely related to the functioning of the fuel and energy complex, have been studied. Current problems that have arisen in the energy and related engineering industries have been identified. The principles on the basis of which the strategy of Russian industrial enterprises producing products for the fuel and energy sector should be built are determined. The goals of strategic management in the fuel and energy complex are formulated, and priority measures are proposed aimed at forming intersectoral interaction between participants in the complex and related industries. Conclusions. It is concluded that it is necessary to build a single ecosystem that unites the fuel and energy complex, the industrial enterprises serving it and all stakeholders from the position of achieving national interests, goals and objectives at the macroeconomic, sectoral, regional and corporate levels of management.
PROSPECTS FOR CREATING A HYBRID CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PROSTHESES: A REVIEW
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Mirdan Samandari Ali , N. Afonin Andrey ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: February 2025

Background. Facilitating the adaptation, physical rehabilitation and preparation for prosthetics of people who have lost a body part is of great importance for finding new opportunities and alternatives to modern limb prostheses. Bionic prosthetics can significantly improve the quality of life of people with disabilities, ensuring the maximum possible restoration of motor functions. However, controlling such prostheses is very challenging. The most commonly used control systems today: electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared functional spectroscopy (fNIRS) (When used independently), are unable to become control systems due to their inherent shortcomings. Likewise, this review sheds light on the future prospects of creating a hybrid system, which may be a promising system for controlling prosthetic limbs. Materials and methods. Several studies have been conducted to systematically review published articles to provide researchers and experts with meaningful information about current state-of-the-art control methods used in prosthetic arms. Results. The 109 articles studied are closely related to the research and confirm the idea of creating a hybrid prosthetic control system. Conclusions. The review consists of three axes. The first axis is designed to collect, summarize and evaluate information from relevant studies published over the past decade. The second axis represents important results of previous experiments conducted within the framework of current research, and records of experimental results, both autonomous and hybrid methods. This research is conducted systematically to provide all experts and scientists with a complete picture and scientific evidence of prosthetic treatment methods. The third axis defines a wide area of knowledge that requires further study, recommendations and guidelines for future research, since hybrid systems for prosthetics management scenarios or rehabilitation and restoration of lost functions are still not used in practice, and this serves as an incentive for future research to find a hybrid and integrated management system (hardware and software) for prosthetics or rehabilitation and restoration of lost functions.
Shoreline and aquatic vegetation of the water bodies of Arzamas town and its suburb as an indicator of the environmental conditions
Authors:   National Research Lobachevski University of Nizhniy Novgorod, S. Makeev Igor , A. Konchina Tatyana ,   Arzamas branch of National Research Lobachevski University of Nizhniy Novgorod, S. Lyubov Mikhail ,   Arzamas branch of National Research Lobachevski University of Nizhniy Novgorod, I. Nedoseko Olga ,   Arzamas branch of National Research Lobachevski University of Nizhniy Novgorod
Published: February 2025

Background.We suppose a comprehensive description of macrophyte communi ties using both the traditional allocation of dominant and subdominant species and an integral assessment of species diversity using the natural logarithmic Shannon index, the Pielou even ness index, and the Simpson diversity index. Materials and methods.Three major water bod ies of Arzamas were studied: the Tesha River, the Shamka stream, and the Smirnovsky Pond, which are subject to complex anthropogenic impact. The coastal-aquatic grass cover has a large zonal differentiation, therefore, the communities of shoreline, as well as submerged aquatic and floating vegetation are described separately. In the shoreline three sample plots were studied in each biotope of 3 × 4 m2 (total – 36 m2), in the water, descriptions were carried out in the surface water layer up to 2.5 m deep on three sample plots of 3 × 4 m2 (total – 36 m2). Dominant and subdominant species were identified according to the 5-point quadratic-trans formed abundance scale of E. L. Lyubarsky. The anthropogenic load is assessed using a set of herbaceous macrophyte indicative parameters: total projective cover, relative abundance and composition of mass species, and the proportion of ruderal and adventitious species in the floristic and cenotic spectra. Results.The peculiarity of the studied water bodies is their drainage by highly mineralized groundwater, increased hardness, and high sulfate content in the water.The species structure of aquatic vegetation is generally more spatially evened than that of the shoreline herbaceous vegetation. A very high proportion of ruderal species in the floristic and community spectra of the vegetation of the Smirnov Pond, the Shamka stream and the Tesha River (sections No. 3 and No. 4) indicate an intense anthropogenic load caused by both economic transformation and littering of the banks, as well as recreational impact. A critical state of extremely disturbed and replaced by ruderal species of shoreline macro phyte communities has developed in section No. 3 of the Tesha River and No. 6 of the Shamka stream. Conclusions. In the conditions of pollution of water bodies of Arzamas the dominance or mass development of species: Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., Alisma plan tago-aquatica L., Juncus compressus Jacq, Núphar lútea L indicates intensive anthropogenic eutrophication and municipal pollution. Under intensive anthropogenic load, weed vegetation prevails in the coastal strip: Chenopodium album L., Arctium tomentosum L., Urtica dioica L., Potentilla anserina L., weed-meadow species are abundant.
Identification of Ferroptosis-Related Prognostic Models and FDFT1 as a Potential Ferroptosis Driver in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Duan Lili , Cao Lu , Liu Jinqiang , Wang Zixiang , Liang Jie , Feng Fan , Zhang Jian , Hong Liu , Zheng Jianyong
Published: February 2025

Aims:

We aimed to develop Ferroptosis-Related Gene (FRG) signatures to predict
overall survival (OS) along with disease-free survival (DFS) in individuals with colorectal
cancer (CRC).

Background:

Prediction of CRC prognosis is challenging. Ferroptosis constitutes a newly
reported kind of cell death, and its association with CRC prognosis remains unexplored.

Objective:

This research endeavored to establish a prognostic risk signature for colorectal
cancer by leveraging ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), with the objective of refining prognostic
precision in clinical settings.

Methods:

The clinical data and mRNA expression profiles were obtained from The Cancer
Genome Atlas (TCGA) colorectal cancer cohorts. The Lasso algorithm was employed to develop
the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) prediction models. These
models were subsequently validated using independent data from GSE38832.

Results:

Our research unveiled a significant difference in the expression levels of 85% of
ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) between CRC tissues and paracancer tissues. Out of these,
11 prognostic genes were pinpointed through univariate Cox analysis. By employing two
models, patients were stratified into low- and high-risk groups based on predicted risk
scores, which were subsequently validated as independent prognostic factors via multivariate
Cox analysis. The robustness of these models was further confirmed through Receiver
Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Functional enrichment analysis indicated a
predominance of cancer-associated pathways in the high-risk group, including WNT signaling,
along with variations in immune status between the two risk categories. Leveraging the
Connectivity Map (CMap) database, a total of sixteen potential therapeutic drugs were identified.
Additionally, in vitro experiments corroborated that Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase
1 (FDFT1) was underexpressed in CRC and exhibited tumor suppressive properties.
More specifically, FDFT1 may augment ferroptosis in CRC by modulating the expression
of the Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly Enzyme (ISCU).

Conclusion:

Our study highlighted the significance of ferroptosis-related genes in the pathogenesis
of CRC and underscored the potential of ferroptosis-related gene-based risk signatures
as valuable tools for improving prognostic accuracy and tailoring therapeutic strategies.
However, the validity of these predictive models required further validation through real-
world studies to ensure their reliability and applicability.
EGCG Mitigates Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells in Age-Related Cataract via the PAK1/Cleaved Caspase-3 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yue , Su Dongmei , Sun Zhaoyi , Fu Yanjiang , Chen Xiaoya , Hu Yuzhu , Zhang Xiao , Zheng Shunfei , Ma Xu , Hu Shanshan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Oxidative damage and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells
(LECs) are the primary factors contributing to the development of age-related cataracts
(ARC). The potential protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on LECs
remain unclear despite its remarkable antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The
aim of this study was to explore the role of serine/threonine-protein kinase (PAK1) in
EGCG-mediated attenuation of H2O2-induced apoptosis of LECs in vivo and in vitro.

Methods:

PAK1 expression was assessed in the anterior capsule of the lens from
mice and patients with and without ARC using western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
Human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells were pre-treated with
EGCG+H2O2 or H2O2 only, and PAK1 expression was determined using qRT-PCR and
western blotting. Apoptosis (following PAK1 overexpression or silencing) and cell
survival were assessed using Hoechst 33342 staining and a cell counting Kit-8 assay,
respectively. Cleaved caspase-3 was measured in transected cells, aged/young mice,
and mice treated with EGCG via western blotting.

Results:

PAK1 expression was significantly lower in ARC LECs than in control LECs.
In HLE-B3 cells, EGCG+H2O2 treatment upregulated PAK1 mRNA and protein
expression when compared with H2O2 alone. PAK1 overexpression alleviated H2O2-
induced apoptosis in LECs, while low expression weakened EGCG’s protective
effects. PAK1 overexpression reduced cleaved caspase-3 expression in H2O2-treated
cells, whereas PAK1 silencing increased its expression in EGCG+H2O2-treated cells.
EGCG decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression in H2O2-treated cells. These results
suggest that PAK1 inhibits cleaved caspase-3 expression, thereby enhancing EGCG’s
attenuation of H2O2-induced LEC apoptosis.

Conclusion:

The PAK1/cleaved caspase-3 pathway plays a key role in EGCG’s
protective effects on the development of ARC. This provides a new therapeutic target
for the use of EGCG in preventing and treating ARC.
Utilization of DNA Replication factor MCM2 by Cancer
Authors: Yuan Yuwei , Zeng Tian , Gao Anbo , Guan Yang , Zhang Qun-feng , Li Yukun , Tan Hui , Zou Juan
Published: February 2025

MCM2 belongs to the microchromosome maintenance [MCM] family and plays an essential role in initiating DNA replication as well as maintaining normal cellular cycle functions. Recent research indicates that there is the abnormal expression of MCM2 in various cancers, such as breast, cervical, ovarian, lung, hepatocellular carcinoma, nephroblastoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, where it shows a strong link to tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, migration, and adverse prognosis. Thus, MCM2 could serve as a significant biomarker for the early identification, diagnosis, and prognostic evaluation of multiple cancers. In addition, targeting MCM2 expression may open new possibilities for a full range of cancer treatments. In this paper, the protein structure, physiological function, and carcinogenic mechanism of MCM2 were reviewed.
Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin in Type 2 Diabetes Based on a Network Pharmacology Study
Authors: Basaldúa-Maciel Viridiana , Guzmán-Flores Juan Manuel , Reyes-Chaparro Andrés , Martínez-Esquivias Fernando
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Currently, there are pharmacological treatments for type 2 diabetes
(T2D), but these are ineffective. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antidiabetic properties.

Objective:

This research aimed to identify the molecular mechanism of Quercetin in T2D from
network pharmacology.

Methods:

We obtained T2D-related genes from MalaCards and DisGeNET, while potential targets
for Quercetin were sourced from SwissTargetPrediction and Comparative Toxicogenomics
databases. The overlapping genes were identified and analyzed using ShinyGO 0.77. Subsequently,
we constructed a protein-protein interaction network using Cytoscape, conducted molecular
docking analyses with SwissDock, and validated the results through molecular dynamics
simulation in GROMACS.

Results:

Quercetin is involved in apoptotic processes and in the regulation of insulin activity,
estrogen, prolactin and EGFR receptor. The key driver genes AKT1, GSK3B, SRC, IGF1R, MMP9,
ESR2, PIK3R1, and MMP2 showed high concordance in the molecular docking study, and
molecular dynamics showed stability between Quercetin and ESR2 and PIK3R1.

Conclusions:

Our work helps to identify the molecular mechanism and antidiabetic effect of
quercetin, which needs to be studied experimentally.
Effects of a Rosiridin against Rotenone-induced Rats’ Model of Parkinson's Disease: In-vivo Study and in silico Molecular Modeling
Authors: Rafeeq Misbahuddin , A Al-Abbasi Fahad , Afzal Muhammad , Saad Alharbi Khalid , Moglad Ehssan , D Al-Qahtani Salwa , A Bukhari Hussam , Imam Faisal , Sayyed Nadeem , Kazmi Imran
Published: February 2025

Aim:

The investigation aimed to study the outcome of rosiridin in Parkinson's disease
(PD) induced by rotenone (ROT) in rodents.

Methods:

Rodents were randomized into IV groups and were induced with ROT followed by treatment
with rosiridin. Group I-IV received saline as a vehicle, II-ROT (0.5 mg/kg S.C) for 28 consecutive
days, III and IV- rosiridin 10 and 20 mg/kg orally with ROT. On completion of the experimental
duration, behavioral investigations were carried out. Biochemical variables such as acetylcholinesterase
(AChE), oxidative stress and antioxidants markers (Malondialdehyde-MDA, glutathione-GSH,
superoxide dismutase-SOD, and catalase-CAT), anti-inflammatory (Interleukin-1 beta-IL-1β, IL-6,
and tumor necrosis factor alpha-TNF-α), alteration in neurotransmitters (Serotonin-5-HT), norepinephrine,
and dopamine-DA, along with metabolites such as 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid-5-
HIAA),), mitochondrial complex I, II, IV, and caspase-3 activity were evaluated at the end of the experiment.
Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics were performed for target ligands.

Results:

Rosiridin significantly restored the level of AChE, oxidative stress and antioxidants markers
(MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT), anti-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), alteration in neurotransmitters,
mitochondrial complex I, II, IV, and caspase-3 activity. Rosiridin has a favorable negative binding
affinity to AChE (-8.99 kcal/mol). The results of the molecular dynamics simulations indicate that
proteins undergo a substantial change in conformational dynamics when binding to rosiridin.

Conclusion:

In this study, rosiridin may exhibit neuroprotective properties against the Parkinson's
model for treating PD.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Mediates Hydrogen Sulfide-induced Ca2+ Entry and Nitric Oxide Production in Human Cerebrovascular Endothelium
Authors: Soda Teresa , Brunetti Valentina , De Sarro Giovambattista , Biella Gerardo , Moccia Francesco , Berra-Romani Roberto , Scarpellino Giorgia
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates various brain
functions, including neuron excitability, synaptic plasticity, and Ca2+ dynamics. Furthermore, H2S
may stimulate nitric oxide (NO) release from cerebrovascular endothelial cells, thereby regulating
NO-dependent endothelial functions, such as angiogenesis, vasorelaxation, and cerebral blood flow
(CBF). However, the signaling pathway by which H2S induces NO release from cerebrovascular
endothelial cells is still unclear.

Methods:

Herein, we exploited single-cell imaging of intracellular Ca2+, H2S, and NO levels to assess
how H2S induces Ca2+-dependent NO release from the human cerebrovascular endothelial cell
line, hCMEC/D3.

Results:

Administration of the H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), induced a dose-dependent
increase in (Ca2+)i only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. NaHS-induced extracellular Ca2+ entry
was mediated by the Ca2+-permeable TRPA1 channel, as shown by pharmacological and genetic manipulation
of the TRPA1 protein. Furthermore, NaHS-dependent TRPA1 activation led to NO release
that was abolished by buffering the concomitant increase in (Ca2+)i and inhibiting eNOS. Furthermore,
the endothelial agonist, adenosine trisphosphate (ATP), caused a long-lasting elevation in
(Ca2+)i that was driven by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)-dependent H2S production and by TRPA1 activation.
Consistent with this, ATP-induced NO release was strongly reduced either by blocking CSE
or by inhibiting TRPA1.

Conclusion:

These findings demonstrate for the time that H2S stimulates TRPA1 to induce NO production
in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Additionally, they show that this signaling
pathway can be recruited by an endothelial agonist to modulate NO-dependent events at the human
neurovascular unit.
The Link between Arterial Atherosclerotic and Venous Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Poredos Pavel , Poredos Peter , Jezovnik Mateja K.
Published: February 2025

Traditionally, arterial atherosclerotic (AA) and venous thromboembolic (VTE) diseases
have been separated into two independent entities. However, a body of evidence suggests the link
between arterial and venous disease. In this narrative review, the relationship between these two vascular
diseases is discussed. Different risk factors are common in both diseases, such as dyslipidaemia,
metabolic syndrome, and thrombophilia. Etiopathogenetic mechanisms of both diseases are similar.
Inflammation, as a basic pathogenetic mechanism of atherosclerotic disease, is also involved in the
pathogenesis of VTE. Inflammation as a response to vessel wall injury promotes coagulation and
inhibits endogenic fibrinolytic activity, which results in thromboembolic events in the arterial as well
as in the venous system. A relationship has also been observed between preclinical or clinical atherosclerotic
disease and VTE. These findings indicate that atherosclerosis may induce VTE or that
common risk factors simultaneously stimulate the development of both diseases. The relationship
between arterial and venous disease is also supported by the efficacy of some drugs (antiplatelets,
anticoagulants, statins) in the prevention of both diseases.
In conclusion, arterial and venous diseases share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, often driven
by common risk factors. This overlap suggests that a unified approach to prevention and treatment
may be beneficial for both conditions, potentially improving patient outcomes by addressing the underlying
shared pathways.
Microwave-assisted and Solvent-free Synthesis of Propargylamines via A3-coupling Reaction
Authors: Huong Vuong Thi , Chung Nguyen Thi , Dung Vo Cong , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Xuan Duc Dau
Published: February 2025

An efficient and green method for the A3- coupling reaction of saliciladehyde, secondary
amines, and terminal alkynes to synthesize propargylamines using a microwave reactor has been
demonstrated. The synthesis showed several salient features, such as high yield of products, rapid
product formation, and environmentally benign reaction conditions. Furthermore, the synthesis could
be performed in gram scale. Nine propargylamine adducts were obtained in high yields and their
structures were confirmed by NMR data. A plausible reaction mechanism was also suggested.
Twins and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Genetic Relevance
Authors: Bhandari Vineet
Published: February 2025

In preterm infants, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devastating complications
seen in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), with both short- and long-term sequelae.
Outcomes reported for mono- (versus di-) chorionic twins suggest an increased incidence in
the monochorionic twins, usually attributed to abnormal placental vascular connections. Same sex
concordance and zygosity data suggest shared genetic and environmental factors as important contributing
factors to the pathogenesis of NEC. This concept is further supported by fecal microbiome
data from preterm twins. However, there is also some uncertainty in these observations because
studies that controlled for gestational age did not show significant differences between singletons
and twins in the occurrence of NEC. This mini-review was undertaken as a critical appraisal
of the published literature in terms of twin studies to establish the genetic relevance vis-àvis
NEC. There is a need for further evaluation of genetic and confounding factors arising from
the environment and the gut microbiome in these infants using cohorts with larger sample sizes.
Circulating Biomarkers as a Window into the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: Implications for Effective Management
Authors: Tajik Ali , Mahdavizadeh Vahid , Hadizadeh Farzin , Shakour Neda
Published: February 2025

Aims:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and circulating
biomarkers in diabetes, with a focus on early detection and effective management strategies.

Methods:

A literature review was conducted using the ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web
of Science databases up to December 2024. Key search terms included “diabetes,” “sarcopenia,”
“HbA1c”, “glucose,” “insulin,” and specific biomarkers such as inflammatory markers,
adipokines, and myokines.

Results:

Aging is associated with a decline in organ and bodily system functionality, with sarcopenia
being particularly prominent due to its progressive loss of muscle mass and function. This condition
increases health risks and mortality in the elderly. Muscles, as the primary consumers of glucose,
play a crucial role in glucose uptake; reduced mass can exacerbate insulin resistance. Sarcopenia
and diabetes share common pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance,
inflammation, and vascular complications. Circulating biomarkers, crucial for diabetes management,
may offer insights into the early stages of sarcopenia.

Conclusion:

The complex relationship between sarcopenia and diabetes, influenced by shared
pathophysiological pathways, presents challenges in geriatric healthcare. Circulating biomarkers
hold promise for early detection and monitoring of sarcopenia, potentially enhancing patient outcomes
and quality of life. Further research is necessary to validate these connections and develop
targeted treatments for individuals affected by these conditions.
Slowing Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth with Statins: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kolimas Amie Marie , Malla Gargya , Chadha Abhimanyu , Sainbayar Enkhtsogt , Sethi Joshua , Hindosh Ziad , Hadvani Priyanka , Pham Hoang Nhat , Sordia Juan
Published: February 2025

Background: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are worrisome for their propensity
to dissect. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of statin use, particularly
with slowing aortic aneurysm growth. The aim of this meta-analysis was to consolidate existing
research to ascertain if statins effectively reduce TAA growth.

Methods: Multiple databases were searched to identify studies assessing TAA growth in patients
on statins (cases) and those not on statins (controls). The primary outcome was TAA (ascending/
aortic arch) growth rate per year. Standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals
(95% CI) were estimated with a random-effects model using the inverse-variance technique.
We assigned I2>50% as an indicator of statistical heterogeneity. P-value <0.05 was considered
significant. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.25.0.

Results: Four studies comprising 757 cases (male 64%, mean age 65±14 years) and 1,696 controls
(male 62%, mean age 61±18 years) were included. The baseline diameters of TAA for cases
and controls were 40.35±8.75mm and 42.39±12.60mm, respectively. Pooled results suggested
statins to be associated with slower growth of TAAs with pooled SMD -0.70 mm/year [95% CI
(-1.23 – -0.16); p=0.01]. Heterogeneity statistics among 4 studies was 95%.

Conclusion: This pooled meta-analysis showed statins as associated with slower growth of
TAAs. However, given the heterogeneity of the included studies in this meta-analysis, results
should be interpreted with caution.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Binary Dyes, Methyl Orange and Methyl Green, in Aqueous Media Using 2D g-C3N4/Polyaniline/Silver Nanocomposite
Authors: Balu Surendar , Vivek Pranav , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: February 2025

Background:

In recent years, azo dyes have become the dominant choice in the textile
industry, accounting for about 60-70% of all dyes used, which has led to growing environmental
concerns.

Aim:

This research focused on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methyl
green (MG) dyes using a novel g-C₃N₄ (GCN)/polyaniline (PANI)/Ag composite under
visible light.

Methods:

This composite was synthesized through a straightforward preparation process and
characterized by using various techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cyclic
voltammetry (CV).

Results:

Characterization results confirmed the incorporation of PANI and Ag nanoparticles into
the GCN matrix. This composite enhanced the visible light absorption and improved charge
separation, leading to increased photocatalytic efficiency. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted
under visible light irradiation with a catalyst dosage of 10 mg in a 10-ppm solution of the
MO and MG dyes mixture.

Conclusion:

The GCN/PANI/Ag composite achieved significant degradation efficiencies of
70% for MO and 69% for MG within 120 minutes. The degradation process followed first-order
kinetics, with rate constants of 0.0087 min⁻¹ for MO and 0.0086 min⁻¹ for MG, respectively.
Reusability tests showed that the composite retained over 60% of its initial efficiency after five
cycles. These findings highlight the potential of the GCN/PANI/Ag composite as a sustainable
and effective photocatalyst for visible-light-driven dye degradation, offering an eco-friendly
approach to wastewater treatment.
Genotypic Contrasting of Protein and Flavonoid Contributes to Differential Responses of Targeted Metabolites in Soybean Seeds
Authors: Tran Dinh Ha , Tran Trong Dai , Nguyen Tien Dung , Nguyen Xuan Vu , Ngo Xuan Binh , Van Doan Duong , Tran Anh Tuan , Dang Thi Phuong Anh , La Thi Thao , Nguyen Van Tinh , Nguyen Minh , Hoang Van Hung , La Van Hien
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Objective

Soybean is a major source of various nutrients. Increasing demand for soybeans has created considerable impetus for exploring the nutritional quality of soybeans. We aimed to collect soybean varieties rich in nutrients.

Materials and Methods

Metabolite analysis was carried out for seed compositions, including protein, phenolics, and flavonoids, along with gene expression of protein and phenolic metabolism-related enzymes in 10 soybean accessions collected from different geographical regions.

Results

Total protein content ranged from 29.7% to 35.7%, depending on soybean germplasm accessions. Among them, Vang Ha Giang (VHG) exhibited relatively high protein content, while Cuc Vo Nhai (CVN) had comparatively low protein content. Further analysis of seed compounds indicated that the phenolic compounds were higher in cultivars Dau Tuong Den (DTD) and CVN, with a total phenolic content of 37.7 µg g-1 and total flavonoid of 2.1 mg g-1. These results were reinforced by analysis of gene expression levels of candidate genes β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) involving protein storage, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (GmPAL1) and chalcone synthase 8 (GmCHS8) genes related to phenolic and flavonoid synthesis, which showed similar correlation. We revealed that protein content was correlated with seed weight but not with seed color, even though significant variations were found among soybean genotypes, while flavonoid was affected by seed coat color. Furthermore, the negative correlation of protein with flavonoids demonstrated intricate relationships among seed components.

Conclusion

Protein and flavonoid alteration in seeds is subject to major-effect-genotypes in landrace and breeding cultivar selection, and genotype variants are relevant to geographical regions. Our study provides intricate relationships among seed nutritional components and offers insight into the alteration of soybean quality.
Understanding the Scope of the Contemporary Controversy about the Physical Nature and Modeling of the Action Potential: Insights from History and Philosophy of (Neuro)Science
Authors: Drukarch Benjamin , Wilhelmus Micha M.M.
Published: February 2025

According to mainstream neuroscience, the action potential (AP) is a purely dissipative electrical phenomenon that should be modeled as such. However, also (essentially) reversible mechanical, thermal, and optical changes in the neuron have been reported to accompany the movement of the AP along the axonal surface. These are not accounted for in the prevailing (bio)-electric theory of neuronal excitability, originally introduced by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) and mathematically formulated in their famous HH model of the AP. An alternative theory and model of the AP has been developed recently by the membrane biophysicists Heimburg and Jackson (HJ). Based on the laws of macroscopic thermodynamics, in the HJ model, the AP is treated as a compression wave propagating in the axonal surface membrane, similar to the movement of acoustic pulses in a material. Predicting both electrical and non-electrical manifestations of the AP to result from a reversible lipid phase transition in the axonal membrane, the HJ model explains neuronal excitability as an electromechanical process driven by the thermodynamic properties of the lipid membrane. Promising to provide a complete representation of the AP phenomenon, the introduction of the HJ model was heralded by some as a (potential) revolution in neuroscience but was largely dismissed by mainstream neuroscience. Applying Kuhn’s well-known philosophical analysis of paradigm shifts in science and Giere’s theory of perspectival realism to the case, we here argue that, instead of a competition for truth between the HH and HJ models, chances for further development and evaluation of the thermodynamic theory as a comprehensive explanation of the AP is better served by considering the controversy in terms of an interaction between two incompatible but valid scientific perspectives. In our opinion, doing so will provide a fruitful theoretical basis for experimental efforts to improve the explanatory understanding of the physical nature of neuronal signaling.