bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkyl Derivatives of Perylene Photosensitizing Antivirals: Towards Understanding the Influence of Lipophilicity
Authors: Mikhnovets Igor E. , Holoubek Jiří , Panina Irina S. , Kotouček Jan , Gvozdev Daniil A. , Chumakov Stepan P. , Krasilnikov Maxim S. , Zhitlov Mikhail Y. , Gulyak Evgeny L. , Chistov Alexey A. , Nikitin Timofei D. , Korshun Vladimir A. , Efremov Roman G. , Alferova Vera A. , Růžek Daniel , Eyer Luděk , Ustinov Alexey V.
Published: November 2023

Amphipathic perylene derivatives are broad-spectrum antivirals against enveloped viruses that act as fusion inhibitors in a light-dependent manner. The compounds target the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope using the lipophilic perylene moiety and photogenerating singlet oxygen, thereby causing damage to unsaturated lipids. Previous studies show that variation of the polar part of the molecule is important for antiviral activity. Here, we report modification of the lipophilic part of the molecule, perylene, by the introduction of 4-, 8-, and 12-carbon alkyls into position 9(10) of the perylene residue. Using Friedel–Crafts acylation and Wolff–Kishner reduction, three 3-acetyl-9(10)-alkylperylenes were synthesized from perylene and used to prepare 9 nucleoside and 12 non-nucleoside amphipathic derivatives. These compounds were characterized as fluorophores and singlet oxygen generators, as well as tested as antivirals against herpes virus-1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), both known for causing superficial skin/mucosa lesions and thus serving as suitable candidates for photodynamic therapy. The results suggest that derivatives with a short alkyl chain (butyl) have strong antiviral activity, whereas the introduction of longer alkyl substituents (n = 8 and 12) to the perylenyethynyl scaffold results in a dramatic reduction of antiviral activity. This phenomenon is likely attributable to the increased lipophilicity of the compounds and their ability to form insoluble aggregates. Moreover, molecular dynamic studies revealed that alkylated perylene derivatives are predominately located closer to the middle of the bilayer compared to non-alkylated derivatives. The predicted probability of superficial positioning correlated with antiviral activity, suggesting that singlet oxygen generation is achieved in the subsurface layer of the membrane, where the perylene group is more accessible to dissolved oxygen.
Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Abaza Tasneem , El-Aziz Mostafa K. Abd , Daniel Kerolos Ashraf , Karousi Paraskevi , Papatsirou Maria , Fahmy Sherif Ashraf , Hamdy Nadia M. , Kontos Christos K. , Youness Rana A.
Published: November 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly fatal malignancy with limited therapeutic options and high recurrence rates. Recently, immunotherapeutic agents such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a new paradigm shift in oncology. ICIs, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, have provided a new source of hope for patients with advanced HCC. Yet, the eligibility criteria of HCC patients for ICIs are still a missing piece in the puzzle. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of non-coding RNAs that play a fundamental role in cancer pathogenesis. Structurally, circRNAs are resistant to exonucleolytic degradation and have a longer half-life than their linear counterparts. Functionally, circRNAs possess the capability to influence various facets of the tumor microenvironment, especially at the HCC tumor–immune synapse. Notably, circRNAs have been observed to control the expression of immune checkpoint molecules within tumor cells, potentially impeding the therapeutic effectiveness of ICIs. Therefore, this renders them potential cancer-immune biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic regimen determinants. In this review, the authors shed light on the structure and functional roles of circRNAs and, most importantly, highlight the promising roles of circRNAs in HCC immunomodulation and their potential as promising biomarkers and immunotherapeutic regimen determinants.
Galad Score as a Prognostic Marker for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cagnin Silvia , Donghia Rossella , Martini Andrea , Pesole Pasqua Letizia , Coletta Sergio , Shahini Endrit , Boninsegna Giulia , Biasiolo Alessandra , Pontisso Patrizia , Giannelli Gianluigi
Published: November 2023

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for more than 75% of primary liver cancers, which are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The GALAD (gender, age, AFP-L3, AFP, and des-carboxy-prothrombin) score is a diagnostic tool developed based on gender, age, alpha-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoprotein L3, and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, originally designed as a diagnostic tool for HCC in high-risk patients. Methods: We analyzed 212 patients with and without cirrhosis. The population study was divided into patients with liver cirrhosis without evidence of HCC at the time of serum sample collection for GALAD score determination and patients with liver cirrhosis and a confirmed diagnosis of HCC at the time of serum sample collection for GALAD score determination. Patients were followed up until death or liver transplantation. The association between variables and HCC mortality risk was performed, and the results were presented as hazard ratio (HR). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of the GALAD HCC diagnosis. The survival probability was explored using the non-parametric test, and the equality of survival amongst categories was assessed with the log-rank test. Results: Biomarkers were higher in the HCC group compared to cirrhosis. Kaplan–Meier survival probability analysis for individual GALAD categories revealed that a high GALAD level was associated with decreased survival during follow-up, and the difference between the curves was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the GALAD score has promise as a prognostic tool, with implications for improving patient management and treatment strategies for HCC.
Multiple Roles of dXNP and dADD1—Drosophila Orthologs of ATRX Chromatin Remodeler
Authors: Melnikova Larisa , Golovnin Anton
Published: November 2023

The Drosophila melanogaster dADD1 and dXNP proteins are orthologues of the ADD and SNF2 domains of the vertebrate ATRX (Alpha-Thalassemia with mental Retardation X-related) protein. ATRX plays a role in general molecular processes, such as regulating chromatin status and gene expression, while dADD1 and dXNP have similar functions in the Drosophila genome. Both ATRX and dADD1/dXNP interact with various protein partners and participate in various regulatory complexes. Disruption of ATRX expression in humans leads to the development of α-thalassemia and cancer, especially glioma. However, the mechanisms that allow ATRX to regulate various cellular processes are poorly understood. Studying the functioning of dADD1/dXNP in the Drosophila model may contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying the multifunctional action of ATRX and its connection with various cellular processes. This review provides a brief overview of the currently available information in mammals and Drosophila regarding the roles of ATRX, dXNP, and dADD1. It discusses possible mechanisms of action of complexes involving these proteins.
Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Properties of Propynoyl Betulin Derivatives against Human Ovarian Cancer Cells: In Vitro Studies
Authors: Chodurek Ewa , Orchel Arkadiusz , Gwiazdoń Paweł , Kaps Anna , Paduszyński Piotr , Jaworska-Kik Marzena , Chrobak Elwira , Bębenek Ewa , Boryczka Stanisław , Kasperczyk Janusz
Published: November 2023

Due to the incidence of ovarian cancer (OC) and the limitations of available therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to search for novel therapeutic solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of betulin 1 and its propynoyl derivatives 2–6 against ovarian cancer cells (SK-OV-3, OVCAR-3) and normal myofibroblasts (18Co). Paclitaxel was used as the reference compound. The propynoyl derivatives 2–6 exhibited stronger antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities compared to betulin 1. In both ovarian cancer cell lines, the most potent compound was 28-propynoylbetulin 2. In the case of compound 2, the calculated IC50 values were 0.2 µM for the SK-OV-3 cells and 0.19 µM for the OVCAR-3 cells. Under the same culture conditions, the calculated IC50 values for compound 6 were 0.26 µM and 0.59 µM, respectively. It was observed that cells treated with compounds 2 and 6 caused a decrease in the potential of the mitochondrial membrane and a significant change in cell morphology. Betulin 1, a diol from the group of pentacyclic triterpenes, has a confirmed wide spectrum of biological effects, including a significant anticancer effect. It is characterized by low bioavailability, which can be improved by introducing changes to its structure. The results showed that chemical modifications of betulin 1 only at position C-28 with the propynoyl group (compound 2) and additionally at position C-3 with the phosphate group (compound 3) or at C-29 with the phosphonate group (compound 6) allowed us to obtain compounds with greater cytotoxic activity than their parent compounds, which could be used to develop novel therapeutic systems effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Metabolic Markers and Association of Biological Sex in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Wolf Bethany , Blaschke Calvin R. K. , Mungaray Sandy , Weselman Bryan T. , Stefanenko Mariia , Fedoriuk Mykhailo , Bai Hongxia , Rodgers Jessalyn , Palygin Oleg , Drake Richard R. , Nowling Tamara K.
Published: November 2023

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication for many patients who develop systemic lupus erythematosus, which primarily afflicts women. Our studies to identify biomarkers and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying LN will provide a better understanding of disease progression and sex bias, and lead to identification of additional potential therapeutic targets. The glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide (LacCer) and N-linked glycosylated proteins (N-glycans) were measured in urine and serum collected from LN and healthy control (HC) subjects (10 females and 10 males in each group). The sera from the LN and HC subjects were used to stimulate cytokine secretion and intracellular Ca2+ flux in female- and male-derived primary human renal mesangial cells (hRMCs). Significant differences were observed in the urine of LN patients compared to HCs. All major LacCers species were significantly elevated and differences between LN and HC were more pronounced in males. 72 individual N-glycans were altered in LN compared to HC and three N-glycans were significantly different between the sexes. In hRMCs, Ca2+ flux, but not cytokine secretion, was higher in response to LN sera compared to HC sera. Ca2+ flux, cytokine secretion, and glycosphingolipid levels were significantly higher in female-derived compared to male-derived hRMCs. Relative abundance of some LacCers and hexosylceramides were higher in female-derived compared to male-derived hRMCs. Urine LacCers and N-glycome could serve as definitive LN biomarkers and likely reflect renal disease activity. Despite higher sensitivity of female hRMCs, males may experience greater increases in LacCers, which may underscore worse disease in males. Elevated glycosphingolipid metabolism may poise renal cells to be more sensitive to external stimuli.
Nanocomposite Materials Based on Polylactide and Gold Complex Compounds for Absorbed Dose Diagnostics in BNCT
Authors: Potseleev Vladislav , Uspenskii Sergey , Trofimchuk Elena , Bolshakova Anastasia , Kasatova Anna , Kasatov Dmitrii , Taskaev Sergey
Published: November 2023

In this study, approaches to the synthesis of complex compound of gold with cysteine [AuCys]n for measuring absorbed dose in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) were developed. The dependence of the complex particle size on pH were established. Nanocomposite materials based on polylactide containing [AuCys]n particles with an average size of about 20 nm were obtained using the crazing mechanism. The structure of obtained materials was studied by electron microscopy. The release kinetics of [AuCys]n from polymer matrix were investigated. Release of [AuCys]n from the volume of the polymeric matrix had a delayed start—this process began only after 24 h and was characterized by an effective rate constant of 1 μg/h from a 20 mg composite sample. At the same time, in vitro studies showed that the concentration of 6.25 μg/mL was reliably safe and did not reduce the survival of U251 and SW-620 cells.
Neural Network-Based Solar Irradiance Forecast for Edge Computing Devices
Authors: Venitourakis Georgios , Vasilakis Christoforos , Tsagkaropoulos Alexandros , Amrou Tzouma , Konstantoulakis Georgios , Golemis Panagiotis , Reisis Dionysios
Published: November 2023

Aiming at effectively improving photovoltaic (PV) park operation and the stability of the electricity grid, the current paper addresses the design and development of a novel system achieving the short-term irradiance forecasting for the PV park area, which is the key factor for controlling the variations in the PV power production. First, it introduces the Xception long short-term memory (XceptionLSTM) cell tailored for recurrent neural networks (RNN). Second, it presents the novel irradiance forecasting model that consists of a sequence-to-sequence image regression NNs in the form of a spatio-temporal encoder–decoder including Xception layers in the spatial encoder, the novel XceptionLSTM in the temporal encoder and decoder and a multilayer perceptron in the spatial decoder. The proposed model achieves a forecast skill of 16.57% for a horizon of 5 min when compared to the persistence model. Moreover, the proposed model is designed for execution on edge computing devices and the real-time application of the inference on the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 8 GB and the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W validates the results.
A Nanoscale Cobalt Functionalized Strandberg-Type Phosphomolybdate with β-Sheet Conformation Modulation Ability in Anti-Amyloid Protein Misfolding
Authors: Wang Man , Hua Jiai , Zheng Pei , Tian Yuanzhi , Kang Shaodan , Chen Junjun , Duan Yifan , Ma Xiang
Published: November 2023

For decades, amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) misfolding aggregates with β-sheet structures have been linked to the occurrence and advancement of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development and progression. As a result, modulating the misfolding mode of Aβ has been regarded as an important anti-amyloid protein misfolding strategy. A polyoxometalate based on {Co(H2O)4}2+ complex and [P2Mo5O23]6− fragments, K8{[Co(H2O)4][HP2Mo5O23]2}·8H2O (abbreviated as CoPM), has been synthesized and structurally characterized using elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD), IR, UV spectra, bond valence sums (Σs) calculation, and powder XRD (PXRD). CoPM’s primary component, as revealed by structural analysis, is a nanoscale polyoxoanion made of [Co(H2O)4]2+ sandwiched between two [P2Mo5O23]6− pieces. Notably, it is demonstrated that CoPM efficiently modulates Aβ aggregates’ β-sheet-rich conformation.
Spin Canting and Weak Ferromagnetism in a New 2D Coordination Polymer with the Co(II) Chain Bridged by a Single End-to-End Azide
Authors: Kuo Yi-Lin , Liu Hsin-Kuan , Yang Chen-I
Published: November 2023

By employing semi-flexible multi-N donor auxiliary ligands, namely 1,4-bis(5-pyrimidyl)benzene (bpmb) in conjunction with azide, novel Co(II) 2D coordination polymers have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized, along with magnetic analysis. The resulting compound, {Co(N3)(bpmb)(H2O)2·H2O}n (1), exhibits a unique 2D structure comprised of interconnected Co(II) chains bridged by single end-to-end (EE) azide moieties. These chains are further linked by twisted trans-μ2-N,N′-bpmb auxiliary ligands, forming a grid-like network. Additionally, the layers are held together in a 3D arrangement through hydrogen bonding interactions between the coordination water and the N atom of the bpmb ligands. Importantly, magnetic investigations reveal that compound 1 displays weak ferromagnetism attributed to spin canting, with a critical temperature (Tc) of 12 K.
Women with Metabolic Syndrome and Unhealthy Lifestyle Factors Are at a Higher Risk for Hyperuricemia
Authors: Kang Seonyoung , Han Kyungdo , Jung Jinhyoung , Eun Yeonghee , Kim In Young , Koh Eun-Mi , Lee Seulkee , Cha Hoon-Suk , Kim Hyungjin , Lee Jaejoon
Published: November 2023

Hyperuricemia (HUA) has become a significant medical concern due to its complications and links to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which result in increased mortality. The pathogenic processes associated with unhealthy behaviors, MetS, and HUA can be cooperative and potentially synergistic in the activation of risk factors. Recent research has shown sex-based differences in the relationship between HUA and its associated risk factors. This study aimed to investigate these differences, particularly in the context of MetS and CVD risk factors and unhealthy lifestyles. We also aimed to evaluate the joint effects of these factors based on sex. We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative survey data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2016–2018. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis, calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also conducted subgroup analyses based on sex and the presence of MetS with or without unhealthy lifestyle factors (tobacco use, alcohol intake). We found sex-based differences in the relationships between HUA and MetS, CVD risk factors, and lifestyle behaviors. Our major finding was a significant association between MetS and HUA in both men and women, regardless of alcohol consumption and smoking status, and this association was stronger in women. We also observed a synergistic effect of MetS and lifestyle factors on the risk of HUA, particularly in women, in whom the risk of HUA increased up to four times compared to the reference group. A sex-based clinical strategy for HUA is necessary to reduce related complications and their socio-economic burden.
Expression of miRNAs in Pre-Schoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders Compared with Typically Developing Peers and Its Effects after Probiotic Supplementation
Authors: Guiducci Letizia , Cabiati Manuela , Santocchi Elisa , Prosperi Margherita , Morales Maria Aurora , Muratori Filippo , Randazzo Emioli , Federico Giovanni , Calderoni Sara , Del Ry Silvia
Published: November 2023

Alteration of the microbiota–gut–brain axis has been recently recognized as a possible contributor to the physiopathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) dysfunction, implicated both in several neuropathological conditions including ASD and in different gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), could represent an important modulating factor. In this contextual framework, we studied the transcriptional profile of specific circulating miRNAs associated with both ASD (miR-197-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-500a-5p, miR-664a-5p) and GID (miR-21-5p, miR-320a-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-223-5p) in a group of pre-schoolers with ASD and in typically developing (TD) peers. In the ASD group, we also assessed the same miRNAs after a 6-month supplementation with probiotics and their correlation with plasma levels of zonulin and lactoferrin. At baseline, the expression of miRNAs involved in ASD were significantly reduced in ASD pre-schoolers vs. TD controls. Regarding the miRNAs involved in GID, the expression levels of miR-320-5p, miR-31-5p, and miR-223-5p were significantly higher in ASD than in TD subjects, whereas miR-21-5p showed significantly reduced expression in the ASD group vs. TD group. Supplementation with probiotics did not significantly change the expression of miRNAs in the ASD population. We found a significative negative correlation between zonulin and miR-197-5p and miR-21-5p at baseline, as well as between lactoferrin and miR-223-5p after 6 months of probiotic supplementation. Our study confirms the presence of an altered profile of the miRNAs investigated in ASD versus TD peers that was not modified by supplementation with probiotics.
Intra-Observer and Inter-Observer Reliability of Ankle Circumference Measurement in Patients with Diabetic Foot: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Montoro-Cremades David , Tardáguila-García Aroa , Navarro-Pérez David , García-Álvarez Yolanda , López-Moral Mateo , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis
Published: November 2023

Inflammation, being a typical response to vascular tissue alterations, induces variations in tissue oxygen diffusion pressure. Diabetic microangiopathy, an inflammatory process, is characterized by an increase in vascular flow at rest, reduced venous and arteriolar responses, and increased capillary permeability, resulting in oedema development, decreased transcutaneous oxygen pressure, and increased transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure. This phenomenon potentially hampers ulcer healing. Although the figure-of-eight method has proven to be a reliable, valid, quick, and efficient test for assessing foot and ankle measurements in patients with oedema and compromised skin integrity, it has not been studied in patients with diabetic foot. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the intra- and inter-observer variabilities of the figure-of-eight method in patients with diabetic foot. A prospective observational and cross-sectional study was undertaken, involving sixty-one subjects from a specialized Diabetic Foot Unit. Three investigators with varying levels of experience independently measured the subjects to assess both intra-observer and inter-observer variability. The evaluation was conducted using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). In the statistical analysis, an ICC of 0.93, adjusted using a 95% confidence interval (CI), was obtained for inter-observer reliability ICC, indicating excellent reliability among observers. Furthermore, an ICC of 0.98 with a 95% CI was obtained for the intra-observer reliability analysis, indicating excellent reliability. The results support using this test during the clinical management of oedema in patients with diabetic foot. The absence of an objective, fast, and readily available diagnostic method for oedema in diabetic foot patients in clinical practice might pose a limitation. Subsequent research should tackle this issue and explore the correlation between ankle perimeter measurements and other clinical outcomes in diabetic foot patients, including wound healing and quality of life.
External Validation and Recalibration of a Mortality Prediction Model for Patients with Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: García-Torrecillas Juan Manuel , Lea-Pereira María Carmen , Amaya-Pascasio Laura , Rosa-Garrido Carmen , Quesada-López Miguel , Reche-Lorite Fernando , Iglesias-Espinosa Mar , Aparicio-Mota Adrián , Galván-Espinosa José , Martínez-Sánchez Patricia , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel
Published: November 2023

Background: Stroke is a highly prevalent disease that can provoke severe disability. We evaluate a predictive model based on the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) compiled by the Spain Health Ministry, obtained for the period 2008–2012 for patients with ischaemic stroke in Spain, to establish the model’s validity and to optimise its calibration. The MBDS is the main clinical-administrative database for hospitalisations recorded in Spain, and to our knowledge, no predictive models for stroke mortality have previously been developed using this resource. The main study aim is to perform an external validation and recalibration of the coefficients of this predictive model with respect to a chronologically later cohort. Material and Methods: External validation (testing the model on a different cohort to assess its performance) and recalibration (validation with optimisation of model coefficients) were performed using the MBDS for patients admitted for ischaemic stroke in the period 2016–2018. A cohort study was designed, in which a recalibrated model was obtained by applying the variables of the original model without their coefficients. The variables from the original model were then applied to the subsequent cohort, together with the coefficients from the initial model. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the recalibration and the external validation procedure were compared. Results: The recalibrated model produced an AUC of 0.743 and was composed of the following variables: age (odds ratio, OR:1.073), female sex (OR:1.143), ischaemic heart disease (OR:1.192), hypertension (OR:0.719), atrial fibrillation (OR:1.414), hyperlipidaemia (OR:0.652), heart failure (OR:2.133) and posterior circulation stroke (OR: 0.755). External validation produced an AUC of 0.726. Conclusions: The recalibrated clinical model thus obtained presented moderate-high discriminant ability and was generalisable to predict death for patients with ischaemic stroke. Rigorous external validation slightly decreased the AUC but confirmed the validity of the baseline model for the chronologically later cohort.
Rational Design of Multifunctional Hydrogels for Wound Repair
Authors: Cao Juan , Wu Bo , Yuan Ping , Liu Yeqi , Hu Cheng
Published: November 2023

The intricate microenvironment at the wound site, coupled with the multi-phase nature of the healing process, pose significant challenges to the development of wound repair treatments. In recent years, applying the distinctive benefits of hydrogels to the development of wound repair strategies has yielded some promising results. Multifunctional hydrogels, by meeting the different requirements of wound healing stages, have greatly improved the healing effectiveness of chronic wounds, offering immense potential in wound repair applications. This review summarized the recent research and applications of multifunctional hydrogels in wound repair. The focus was placed on the research progress of diverse multifunctional hydrogels, and their mechanisms of action at different stages of wound repair were discussed in detail. Through a comprehensive analysis, we found that multifunctional hydrogels play an indispensable role in the process of wound repair by providing a moist environment, controlling inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and effectively preventing infection. However, further implementation of multifunctional hydrogel-based therapeutic strategies also faces various challenges, such as the contradiction between the complexity of multifunctionality and the simplicity required for clinical translation and application. In the future, we should work to address these challenges, further optimize the design and preparation of multifunctional hydrogels, enhance their effectiveness in wound repair, and promote their widespread application in clinical practice.
Tropical Cyclone-Induced Sea Surface Temperature Responses in the Northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Yu Jianmin , Lv Haibin , Tan Simei , Wang Yuntao
Published: November 2023

Tropical cyclones (TCs) exert a significant influence on the upper ocean, leading to sea surface temperature (SST) changes on a global scale. However, TC-induced SST responses exhibit considerable variability in the northern Indian Ocean (NIO), and the general understanding of these responses remains limited. This paper investigates the SST changes caused by 96 TCs over an 18-year period in the NIO. Through a composite analysis utilizing satellite SST data, a comprehensive study is conducted to examine the relationship between TC characteristics, including wind speed and translation speed, and the associated SST changes. The overall findings reveal that within a radius of 300 km from the TC center, SST decreases were observed at 1702 (86%) locations, with an average SST response to TC of −0.46 °C and a maximum decrease of −2.07 °C. The most significant reduction in SST typically occurred two days after the passage of TCs, followed by a gradual recovery period exceeding 15 days for the SSTs to return to their initial values. Consistent with findings in other ocean basins, stronger and slower-moving TCs induced more substantial cooling effects. Conversely, at 279 (14%) locations, particularly associated with TCs of weaker intensities, SST increases were observed following the TC passage. Notably, 140 of these locations were situated at low latitudes, specifically between 8° N and 15° N. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the comprehensive SST response to TCs in the NIO.
Nanopore-Sequencing Metabarcoding for Identification of Phytopathogenic and Endophytic Fungi in Olive (Olea europaea) Twigs
Authors: Theologidis Ioannis , Karamitros Timokratis , Vichou Aikaterini-Eleni , Kizis Dimosthenis
Published: November 2023

Metabarcoding approaches for the identification of plant disease pathogens and characterization of plant microbial populations constitute a rapidly evolving research field. Fungal plant diseases are of major phytopathological concern; thus, the development of metabarcoding approaches for the detection of phytopathogenic fungi is becoming increasingly imperative in the context of plant disease prognosis. We developed a multiplex metabarcoding method for the identification of fungal phytopathogens and endophytes in olive young shoots, using the MinION sequencing platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Selected fungal-specific primers were used to amplify three different genomic DNA loci (ITS, beta-tubulin, and 28S LSU) originating from olive twigs. A multiplex metabarcoding approach was initially evaluated using healthy olive twigs, and further assessed with naturally infected olive twig samples. Bioinformatic analysis of basecalled reads was carried out using MinKNOW, BLAST+ and R programming, and results were also evaluated using the BugSeq cloud platform. Data analysis highlighted the approaches based on ITS and their combination with beta-tubulin as the most informative ones according to diversity estimations. Subsequent implementation of the method on symptomatic samples identified major olive pathogens and endophytes including genera such as Cladosporium, Didymosphaeria, Paraconiothyrium, Penicillium, Phoma, Verticillium, and others.
Dynamic Monitoring of Winter Wheat Health in Mining Subsidence Areas by Combined Active and Passive Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Zhang Haobin , Ma Chao , Guo Wenbing , Li Tingting
Published: November 2023

The contradiction between efficient coal mining and arable land capacity enhancement in the coal–grain production overlapping area has constrained grain output and threatened food security. In this study, DInSAR was used to extract the mining subsidence areas (SAs). Multiple red-edged vegetation indices were introduced to explore the growth differences between winter wheat in the SAs and Check Areas (CKs). A crop health index (SACHI) was proposed to comprehensively evaluate the health of winter wheat in SAs. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the CKs, the onset of over wintering season (OWS), start of growing season (SOS), and end of growing season (EOS) of winter wheat lagged behind in the SAs. (2) The winter wheat growths were slower in the SAs and their decline rates were faster than that in the CKs. (3) The SACHI could effectively synthesize the information contained in each component and was highly correlated with them. (4) Mining subsidence had a significant impact on the winter wheat health in the length of growing season (LOS), while the impact was weakened during the OWS. Based on the multi-vegetation indices and the SACHI, the impact of mining subsidence on the winter wheat health can be effectively diagnosed and estimated.
Atherosclerosis in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia: A Focus on Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Badescu Minerva Codruta , Badulescu Oana Viola , Costache Alexandru Dan , Mitu Ovidiu , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Dmour Bianca-Ana , Lupu Ancuta , Foia Liliana Georgeta , Costache Irina-Iuliana , Rezus Ciprian
Published: November 2023

Advances in the treatment of hemophilia have increased the life expectancy of this population and we are currently facing diseases associated with aging, including cardiovascular ones. Coronary atherosclerosis, with acute myocardial infarction as the most severe form of manifestation, has been recognized as part of the comorbidities of hemophiliacs. However, little is known about peripheral artery disease. Available data show that hemophiliacs have cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis similar to the general population. Impaired thrombus formation and phenotype of atheroma plaque rather than the burden of atherosclerosis explains their lower cardiovascular mortality. Since the effect of traditional cardiovascular risk factors overpowers that of decreased coagulability and promotes the onset and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, screening for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and peripheral artery disease should be integrated into standard hemophilia care. There is evidence that invasive treatments and long-term antithrombotic therapy are generally safe, provided that coagulation factor levels are taken into account and replacement therapy is given when necessary.
Investigation of Rutting Performance in Geogrid-Reinforced Asphalt by Penetration Test
Authors: Wang Sheng-Lin , Wang Danrong , Tighe Susan , Bhat Sam , Yin Shunde
Published: November 2023

Permanent deformation, or rutting, is one of several critical distresses in flexible pavements. This paper introduced a novel experimental method, a penetration test, for asphalt mixtures to quantify the effects of glass fibre geogrids embedded in asphalt under repeated loading. It was found that the evolution of permanent deformation (εp) and its strain rate have three clearly identifiable stages. It was also observed that the presence of the geogrid increased the flow number and the number of cycles to failure significantly compared to control samples. Some of the current εp fitting models were found to be valid for deformation prediction under penetration. In addition, a new simple FN calculation method was also proposed based on strain rate and it showed consistent results. In particular, geogrid type “Grid10”, which has smaller aperture size (12.7 mm) had slightly better reinforcement performance regarding the rutting resistance due to its larger contact area. Overall, the test and data analysis method presented in this study could be an important reference for future investigations on geosynthetic-reinforced pavement materials.
Design and Synthesis of Low Surface Energy Coating with Functionalized Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Siwei , Li Yuanyuan , Zhao Yaohong , Wang Qing , Hu Qing , Qian Yihua , He Chunqing
Published: November 2023

In a high-moisture environment where dust and coastal saltwater are prevalent, the stability of power equipment can be adversely affected. This issue can result in equipment downtime, particularly for transformers, severely disrupting the continuous operation of DC transmission systems. To address this challenge, a superhydrophobic modified fluorosilicone coating was developed, incorporating anti-stain properties. To tackle this issue comprehensively, an orthogonal experiment was conducted, involving six factors and three levels. The study focused particularly on assessing the impact of water-repellent recovery agents, nanofillers, antistatic agents, anti-mold agents, leveling agents, as well as wetting and dispersing agents on the coating’s surface tension. The results demonstrate that selecting an appropriate base resin and incorporating well-matched functional additives played a central role in effectively reducing the surface tension of the coating. Consequently, optimized coatings exhibited exceptional resistance to stains and displayed strong corrosion resistance.
Simultaneous Catechol and Hydroquinone Detection with Laser Fabricated MOF-Derived Cu-CuO@C Composite Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Levshakova Aleksandra , Kaneva Maria , Borisov Evgenii , Panov Maxim , Shmalko Alexandr , Nedelko Nikolai , Mereshchenko Andrey S. , Skripkin Mikhail , Manshina Alina , Khairullina Evgeniia
Published: November 2023

The conversion of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into advanced functional materials offers a promising route for producing unique nanomaterials. MOF-derived systems have the potential to overcome the drawbacks of MOFs, such as low electrical conductivity and poor structural stability, which have hindered their real-world applications in certain cases. In this study, laser scribing was used for pyrolysis of a Cu-based MOF ([Cu4{1,4-C6H4(COO)2}3(4,4′-bipy)2]n) to synthesize a Cu-CuO@C composite on the surface of a screen-printed electrode (SPE). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used for the investigation of the morphology and composition of the fabricated electrodes. The electrochemical properties of Cu-CuO@C/SPE were studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed flexible electrochemical Cu-CuO@C/SPE sensor for the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol exhibited good sensitivity, broad linear range (1–500 μM), and low limits of detection (0.39 μM for HQ and 0.056 μM for CT).
Persistent Homology Analysis of the Microstructure of Laser-Powder-Bed-Fused Al–12Si Alloy
Authors: Suzuki Asuka , Sasa Yusuke , Kobashi Makoto , Kato Masaki , Segawa Masahito , Shimono Yusuke , Nomoto Sukeharu
Published: November 2023

The laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process provides the cellular microstructure (primary α phase surrounded by a eutectic Si network) inside hypo-eutectic Al–Si alloys. The microstructure changes to the particle-dispersed microstructure with heat treatments at around 500 °C. The microstructural change leads to a significant reduction in the tensile strength. However, the microstructural descriptors representing the cellular and particle-dispersed microstructures have not been established, resulting in difficulty in terms of discussion regarding the structure–property relationship. In this study, an attempt was made to analyze the microstructure in L-PBF-built and subsequently heat-treated Al–12Si (mass%) alloys using the persistent homology, which can analyze the spatial distributions and connections of secondary phases. The zero-dimensional persistent homology revealed that the spacing between adjacent Si particles was independent of Si particle size in the as-built alloy, whereas fewer Si particles existed near large Si particles in the heat-treated alloy. Furthermore, the first principal component of a one-dimensional persistent homology diagram would represent the microstructural characteristics from cellular to particle-dispersed morphology. These microstructural descriptors were strongly correlated with the tensile and yield strengths. This study provides a new insight into the microstructural indices describing unique microstructures in L-PBF-built alloys.
Exploring Crystal Structure, Hyperfine Parameters, and Magnetocaloric Effect in Iron-Rich Intermetallic Alloy with ThMn12-Type Structure: A Comprehensive Investigation Using Experimental and DFT Calculation
Authors: Horcheni Jihed , Jaballah Hamdi , Dhahri Essebti , Bessais Lotfi
Published: November 2023

In this study, we give a thorough evaluation of the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties in iron-rich PrFe11Ti intermetallic alloy with ThMn12-type structure using a combination of experimental and theoretical analysis. X-ray diffraction coupled with Rietveld refinement was used to characterize the structure, which revealed a unique tetragonal crystal structure with I4/mmm space group. The 8i site was identified as the preferred site for the Ti atom. This finding was confirmed by various techniques, including XRD, DFT, and Mössbauer spectrometry. Magnetic properties were studied through intrinsic magnetic measurements and magnetocaloric effect analysis. Mössbauer spectroscopy was employed to probe the local magnetic environment and for further characterization of the material’s magnetic properties. The experimental results were complemented by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). A promising magnetocaloric effect is observed, with a significant maximum magnetic entropy (−ΔSMmax = 2.5 J·kg−1·K−1) and a relative cooling power about 70 J·kg−1 under low magnetic field change μ0ΔH = 1.5 T. Overall, our results provide a deeper understanding of the structural and magnetic properties of the material under study and demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined experimental and theoretical approach in the investigation of complex materials. The insights gained from this study could have implications for the development of advanced magnetic materials with enhanced properties for potential magnetic applications.
Toxicogenomic Effects of Dissolved Saxitoxin on the Early Life Stages of the Longfin Yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana)
Authors: Guinle Colleen , Núñez-Vázquez Erick Julián , Fernández-Herrera Leyberth José , Corona-Rojas Daniela Alejandra , Tovar-Ramírez Dariel
Published: November 2023

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can produce a variety of noxious effects and, in some cases, the massive mortality of wild and farmed marine organisms. Some HAB species produce toxins that are released into seawater or transferred via food webs (particulate toxin fraction). The objective of the present study was to identify the toxicological effects of subacute exposure to saxitoxin (STX) during embryonic and early larval stages in Seriola rivoliana. Eggs were exposed to dissolved 19 STX (100 μg L−1). The toxic effects of STX were evaluated via the hatching percentage, the activity of three enzymes (protein and alkaline phosphatases and peroxidase), and the expression of four genes (HSF2, Nav1.4b, PPRC1, and DUSP8). A low hatching percentage (less than 5%) was observed in 44 hpf (hours post fertilization) embryos exposed to STX compared to 71% in the unexposed control. At this STX concentration, no oxidative stress in the embryos was evident. However, STX induced the expression of the NaV1.4 channel α-subunit (NaV1.4b), which is the primary target of this toxin. Our results revealed the overexpression of all four candidate genes in STX-intoxicated lecithotrophic larvae, reflecting the activation of diverse cellular processes involved in stress responses (HSF2), lipid metabolism (PPRC1), and MAP kinase signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and differentiation (DUSP8). The effects of STX were more pronounced in young larvae than in embryos, indicating a stage-specific sensitivity to the toxin.
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Corona-Shaped Metamaterial Biosensor for Cancer Cell Detection
Authors: Dadouche Nourelhouda , Mezache Zinelabiddine , Tao Junwu , Ali Enas , Alsharef Mohammad , Alwabli Abdullah , Jaffar Amar , Alzahrani Abdullah , Berazguia Achouak
Published: November 2023

The early detection and diagnosis of cancer presents significant challenges in today’s healthcare. So, this research, suggests an original experimental biosensor for cell cancer detection using a corona-shaped metamaterial resonator. This resonator is designed to detect cancer markers with high sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity properties. By exploiting the unique properties of the corona metamaterial structure in the GHz regime, the resonator provides enhanced interaction of electromagnetic waves and improved detection skills. Through careful experimental, simulation, and optimization studies, we accurately demonstrate the resonator’s ability to detect cancer. The proposed detection system is capable of real-time non-invasive cancer detection, allowing for rapid intervention and better patient outcomes. The sensitivity value was confirmed through simulation, estimated at 0.1825 GHz/RIU. The results of two different simulation methods are used: the simulation software CST Studio Suite (version 2017) based on the finite element method (FEM), and the simulation software ADS (version 2019) based on the equivalent circuit method, thereby increasing confidence in the convergence of simulation and measurement results. This work opens new avenues for developing advanced detection technologies in the field of oncology, and paves the way for more effective cancer diagnosis. The experimental study verified that this realized sensor has very small frequency shifts, significantly small electrical dimension and miniaturization, high sensitivity, and good linearity. The suggested configurations showed a capacity for sensing cancer cells in the GHz regime.
Advanced Design and Fabrication of Dual-Material Honeycombs for Improved Stiffness and Resilience
Authors: Dong Jiajing , Ying Songtao , Qiu Zhuohao , Bao Xixi , Chu Chengyi , Chen Hao , Guo Jianjun , Sun Aihua
Published: November 2023

Auxetic re-entrant honeycomb (AREH) structures, consisting of a single soft or tough material, have long faced the challenge of balancing stiffness and rebound resilience. To achieve this balance, dual-material printing technology is employed to enhance shock absorption by combining layers of soft and tough materials. Additionally, a novel structure called the curved re-entrant honeycomb (CREH) structure has been introduced to improve stiffness. The selected materials for processing the composite structures of AREH and CREH are the rigid thermoplastic polymer polylactic acid (PLA) and the soft rubber material thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), created utilizing fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology. The influence of the material system and structure type on stress distribution and mechanical response was subsequently investigated. The results revealed that the dual-material printed structures demonstrated later entry into the densification phase compared to the single-material printed structures. Moreover, the soft material in the interlayer offered exceptional protection, thereby ensuring the overall integrity of the structure. These findings effectively serve as a reference for the design of dual-material re-entrant honeycombs.
Nanopore MinION Sequencing Generates a White Spot Syndrome Virus Genome from a Pooled Cloacal Swab Sample of Domestic Chickens in South Africa
Authors: Chauhan Ravendra P. , Fogel Ronen , Limson Janice
Published: November 2023

White spot syndrome virus is a highly contagious pathogen affecting shrimp farming worldwide. The host range of this virus is primarily limited to crustaceans, such as shrimps, crabs, prawns, crayfish, and lobsters; however, several species of non-crustaceans, including aquatic insects, piscivorous birds, and molluscs may serve as the vectors for ecological dissemination. The present study was aimed at studying the faecal virome of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The cloacal swab specimens (n = 35) were collected from domestic chickens in December 2022. The cloacal swab specimens were pooled—each pool containing five cloacal swabs—for metagenomic analysis using a sequence-independent single-primer amplification protocol, followed by Nanopore MinION sequencing. While the metagenomic sequencing generated several contigs aligning with reference genomes of animal viruses, one striking observation was the presence of a White spot syndrome virus genome in one pool of cloacal swab specimens. The generated White spot syndrome virus genome was 273,795 bp in size with 88.5% genome coverage and shared 99.94% nucleotide sequence identity with a reference genome reported in China during 2018 (GenBank accession: NC_003225.3). The Neighbour-Joining tree grouped South African White spot syndrome virus genome with other White spot syndrome virus genomes reported from South East Asia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a White spot syndrome virus genome generated from domestic chickens. The significance of White spot syndrome virus infection in domestic chickens is yet to be determined.