bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des mouvements oculaires aux mouvements des images
Authors: BLÜMLINGER Christa
Published: February 2025

Ce commentaire de quelques mesures oculométriques, réalisées dans un cadre expérimental dans lequel le probant se trouve face à des images en mouvement, propose d’élaborer une série de considérations épistémologiques relativement modestes. Il ne s’agissait pas de rejoindre les théories avancées par certains cognitivistes, s’appuyant sur un savoir scientifique pour expliquer la perception des films, mais de partir des expérimentations oculométriques proposées par un historien de l’art. L’intérêt de l’étude porte sur une corrélation supposée entre les modes de focalisation et les mesures oculométriques des probants. Le premier exemple provient d’un film mexicain post-classique, Amores Perros (Amours chiennes, 2000) d’Alejandro González Iñárritu. L’étude se concentre sur la fonction de certains points de vue récurrents au sein de ce film d’action et sur des moments narratifs intensifiés supposés susciter de l’affect. Les mesures montrent que le regard du sujet testé suit la trajectoire dessinée par la logique des mouvements au service de l’action. Le deuxième exemple se range du côté du geste de la reprise artistique et relève de ce qu’on appelle du found footage. L’Arrivée (1999) de Peter Tscherkassky retravaille en noir et blanc un court extrait du mélodrame Mayerling (1968) de Terence Young. Chez Tscherkassky, le procédé esthétique de la déformation peut être considéré comme décomposition au sens benjaminien du terme. Malgré les nombreuses transitions plastiques et la densité de la composition, les mesures oculométriques font ressortir un centrement relativement constant du regard. En revanche, elles montrent des mouvements de saccade sitôt que l’image d’origine relativement « classique » est repérable. En conclusion, on constate que l’étude oculométrique de l’expérience d’un film pose des problèmes et rencontre des limites, dus à la spécificité de la perception des images en mouvement. L’articulation entre attention, perception et imagination devrait ainsi être comprise d’une manière nuancée, comme une affaire de degrés et non pas selon un schéma exclusif.
La photographie vue par l’oculométrie (et inversement)
Authors: DELBARD Nathalie
Published: February 2025

En mettant la photographie à l’épreuve de mesures oculométriques, il s’agit tout autant d’examiner les potentialités analytiques du procédé d’eye-tracking, que de comprendre comment certaines œuvres photographiques sont susceptibles de déjouer les présupposés des théories de la vision. La réflexion se développe d’abord à partir d’une relecture de La Chambre claire de Roland Barthes et plus particulièrement de la notion de punctum, qui trouve à la fois sa cohérence et ses limites dans les tests oculométriques consacrés aux photographies de l’ouvrage. La démonstration s’appuie ensuite sur quelques relevés (cartes de saillance et déplacements oculaires) relatifs aux photographies de Jeff Wall et de John Hilliard, deux artistes dont le travail manifeste une connaissance aigue de nos mécanismes attentionnels.
L’Oculométrie, ou la mobilisation générale de l’œil
Authors: SZENDY Peter
Published: February 2025

L’histoire récente de la mobilisation de l’œil passe à la fois par le cinéma et par le commerce. Après en avoir observé trois moments exemplaires, trois jalons (le générique des Marx au grand magasin, les escalators dans Body Double de Brian de Palma et une campagne publicitaire récente pour le Samsung Galaxy S4), on analyse une séquence du film d’Harun Farocki consacré aux centres commerciaux (Les Créateurs des mondes de consommation, 2001) dans laquelle les implications marchandes de l’oculométrie sont détaillées.
A Conceptual Model for Integrating Process Safety Management and Reliability-Centered Maintenance to Improve Safety and Operational Efficiency in Oil & Gas.
Authors: Adebisi Babatunde , Aigbedion Edward , Ayorinde Olushola Babatunde , Onukwulu Ekene Cynthia
Published: February 2025

The oil and gas industry faces significant challenges in ensuring safety and operational efficiency due to the inherent complexities of its processes and the critical nature of its operations. This paper presents a conceptual model for integrating Process Safety Management (PSM) and Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) to address these challenges. The proposed model leverages the synergies between PSM, which focuses on preventing catastrophic incidents, and RCM, which emphasizes maximizing equipment reliability and performance. By aligning these two frameworks, the model provides a comprehensive approach to proactively identify, assess, and mitigate process risks while optimizing maintenance strategies to enhance operational efficiency. Key components of the model include a risk-based prioritization of maintenance activities, real-time monitoring of critical equipment, and a feedback loop to continuously improve safety and reliability performance. The integration of PSM and RCM is supported by advanced data analytics and digital tools to enable predictive maintenance and improve decision-making processes. This approach not only enhances the safety culture within organizations but also reduces downtime and maintenance costs, contributing to sustainable operations. The model's applicability is demonstrated through a hypothetical case study, highlighting its potential to improve safety and operational efficiency in oil and gas facilities. This study provides a foundation for further research and practical implementation of integrated safety and maintenance management systems in high-risk industries.
Exploring How Predictive Analytics Can Be Leveraged to Anticipate and Meet Emerging Consumer Demands
Authors: Ajiga David Iyanuoluwa , Hamza Oladimeji , Eweje Adeoluwa , Kokogho Eseoghene , Odio Princess Eloho
Published: February 2025

This review paper explores the application of predictive analytics in anticipating and meeting consumer demands, highlighting its significance in personalizing products, segmenting markets, and optimizing supply chains. It delves into the various data sources and analytical techniques used in predictive analytics, such as machine learning and data mining. It examines the different predictive models employed for forecasting consumer behavior. Additionally, the paper discusses emerging trends, including AI integration and real-time analytics, while addressing key challenges like data privacy, algorithm biases, and integration issues. Future directions, such as the use of automated machine learning, explainable AI, and blockchain integration, are also considered. This comprehensive overview underscores the transformative potential of predictive analytics in enhancing business strategies and consumer satisfaction.
AVALIAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA CONTINUADA: PREVENÇÃO DO ADOECIMENTO MENTAL DO POLICIAL MILITAR
Authors: Queiroz Luiz Carlos Marques de
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre o adoecimento psicológico do policial militar por meio de revisão bibliográfica. Buscou-se identificar os mecanismos de avaliação contínua que a Polícia Militar do Tocantins – PMTO - desenvolveu para identificar, prevenir e tratar os problemas psicossociais dos policiais, com a finalidade de investigar os principais problemas psicossociais que acometem os militares ao longo da carreira e sua relação com a falta de avaliação contínua para prevenir e tratar desordens psicológicas dos policiais.  Concluiu-se que os transtornos mentais mais comuns na Corporação são transtorno de ansiedade, depressão, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Por isso, a necessidade de uma avaliação psicológica periódica contínua. Assim, será proposta  a inclusão da avaliação psicológica periodica na  Portaria que irá instituir, na Polícia Militar do Estado do Tocantins, o Programa de Prevenção e Saúde do Militar Estadual e na Instrução Normativa que irá regulamentar o programa, o que irá proporcionar melhor serviço de Segurança Pública à sociedade tocantinense.
Burning Mouth Syndrome: Pharmacotherapeutic Update
Authors: Homeida Lujain
Published: February 2025

Background:-Burning mouth syndrome BMS is defined as an intraoral burning or dysaesthesia sensation with daily recurrence for more than two hours daily and over than three months duration, in the absence of any lesion based on Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). It affects about 3.9 % of the population with female predilection in which studies showed that it affects 12%-18% of postmenopausal women. Studies have suggested that there is a psychological component in BMS symptoms. Management of BMS mostly aims toward eliminating the symptoms by prescribing topical and systemic medications. Different pharmacologic categories are available for use and few new types of drugs have been introduced recently. The main objective of this review is to present the currently available therapeutic options for BMS.
Methods:-A literature review was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Database on the pharmacotherapeutic treatment options of idiopathic BMS published to January 2023 using the following keywords; burning mouth syndrome and treatment or therapeutic or management or therapy or systemic medications or topical medications.
Results:-All articles matched the search criteria were included in this narrative review.
Conclusion:-A variety of therapeutic modalities are available for BMS and pharmaceutical intervention appears to be the first-line approach for some patients. Dentists and other healthcare professionals should stay updated on therapeutic advances in this field to provide better management for their patients.
Cardiotoxicity of Drugs Used in the Management of the COVID-19 Patients: Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Radwan Rozan , Eid Safaa
Published: February 2025

Background:-Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), there have been many changes in treatment protocols. With the rise of COVID-19 cases globally and the absence of any approved medicine for the treatment of (COVID-19), many drugs have been experimentally administered to patients, ignoring possible side effects. Some of these drugs have a background of potential cardiotoxicity that should be evaluated.
Methods:-A retrospective study will be conducted on patients’ admissions to (ICU) or (CCU) in Al-Noor Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to treat COVID-19. The effect of the drugs used in the management of COVID-19 on the cardiac parameters of patients will be evaluated and compared with COVID-19 medications that cause cardiotoxicity in patients.
Results:-The patients were having Symptoms included arrhythmia (56.3%), murmur (43.0%), QT prolongation (54.3%), chest pain (54.3%), shortness of breath (55.0%), heart palpitation (45.7%), fluid retention (47.0%) and myocarditis (51.7%). ICU admission diagnoses in most patients were COVID exacerbation (51.7%) and pneumonia (38.4%). Different classes of antibiotics and antivirals were administered to the patients, and a high risk of cardiac manifestations was observed in patients using Ribavirin which was used in 51 patients (33.8%).
Conclusion:-The study showed that cardiotoxic symptoms appear among patients using anti-COVID medications, especially Ribavirin. Therefore, there is a need to limit the use of medicines for COVID-19, which causes cardiotoxicity and change the protocol used in Saudi Arabia.
The Safety of Co-Administration of Antibiotics with Lopinavir/Ritonavir for COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Comparative Single-Center Study in Makkah
Authors: Simsim Alshaymaa , Eid Safaa
Published: February 2025

Background:-SARS-CoV-2 triggered the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in millions of illnesses and deaths globally. A complex secondary respiratory bacterial infection is often associated with COVID-19. We administer antibiotics for COVID-19-related bacterial infections. The side effects and toxicities of selected antibacterial medicines for treating bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients need to be evaluated, as the safety of administering these drugs in COVID-19 is unknown. Widespread use during the pandemic raises concerns about side effects and drug interactions, highlighting the need for careful evaluation.
Methods:-A total of 130 patients admitted to King Faisal Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, were included in this study. All patients received antiviral therapy with lopinavir and ritonavir, alongside antibacterial treatments, including azithromycin, vancomycin, and levofloxacin. Key laboratory parameters such as white blood cell count, hemoglobin, creatine kinase, liver enzymes, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, and bilirubin were measured upon admission and reassessed after 2–3 weeks of hospitalization.
Results:-The administration of azithromycin led to increases in white blood cell count, liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, and bilirubin levels, while reducing hemoglobin and albumin levels. Levofloxacin significantly decreased albumin and hemoglobin levels but caused no notable changes in other parameters. Vancomycin slightly reduced hemoglobin and albumin levels while increasing liver enzymes, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Co-administration of lopinavir/ritonavir with antibiotics markedly amplified these side effects across the test-ed parameters.
Conclusion:-Azithromycin, when combined with lopinavir and ritonavir to treat secondary pulmonary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients, may heighten the risk of renal and hepatotoxicity. Daily administration of vancomycin posed a moderate risk of nephrotoxicity, whereas levofloxacin demonstrated the lowest overall risk among the antibiotics studied. These findings emphasize the need for careful antibiotic selection to reduce renal and hepatic risks in future pandemics.
Concepción filosófica del mundo y pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de una institución educativa secundaria, Huancavelica
Authors: Zaravia Valladolid Wiliam
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre la concepción filosófica del mundo y el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de una institución educativa de educación secundaria del distrito de Ascensión-Huancavelica. Para tal fin se hizo uso del método descriptivo, con las técnicas de la encuesta y la evaluación, utilizando dos instrumentos: Cuestionario sobre concepción filosófica del mundo y una prueba escrita para evaluar el pensamiento crítico. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 244 estudiantes del quinto grado de la institución educativa La Victoria de Ayacucho. Los resultados indican que existe una relación positiva de 0,149 entre la concepción filosófica materialista del mundo y el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de una institución secundaria en el distrito de Ascensión, Huancavelica. Sin embargo, no se encuentra relación entre la concepción filosófica idealista y el pensamiento crítico, ya que la significancia bilateral es de 0,385, lo que significa que no hay correlación significativa entre ambas variables, dado que esta significancia es mayor al nivel de significancia establecido.
Towards a more powerful hydrogen engine
Authors: Ghodbane Hassina , Khaldi Fouad , Derradji Bahloul
Published: February 2025

This research examines the operational efficiency of a single-cylinder hydrogen engine through simulations conducted in OpenModelica. The research focuses on analyzing the combustion characteristics, heat release, temperature, and pressure at varying engine speeds of 1700, 2000, and 2500 rpm. The combustion process is modeled Applying the Wiebe function to represent the proportion of fuel mass that is burned, while the heat released by combustion is calculated using a formula incorporating the fuel mass, lower heating value, and combustion efficiency. The study presents detailed simulations of in-cylinder temperature, heat release rate, and pressure profiles, and examines how these parameters vary with engine speed. Results reveal that peak temperatures and heat release rates increase with engine speed, indicating more intensive combustion at higher speeds. The pressure curves and power output also show significant changes with speed, with higher engine speeds leading to increased power output and improved engine efficiency. This study provides insights into the hydrogen engine's behavior under different operating conditions, highlighting the impact of engine speed on performance metrics.
Optimization of SPIONs-Loaded PLGA Microdroplets for Targeted Magnetic Drug Delivery: A Microfluidic Approach Article Sidebar
Authors:   College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand, Sukthai Ratchanon , Paiboon Narin ,   Program in Food Process Engineering, School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand, Klamchuen Annop ,   National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand, Surassmo Suvimol ,   National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand, Rahong Sakon ,   College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of monodispersed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microdroplets, fabricated using droplet-based microfluidics, for targeted magnetic drug delivery applications. By adjusting the flow rate ratio (Q = Qd/Qc ) between the dispersed and continuous phases, the diameter of the monodispersed PLGA microdroplets could be controlled. With a flow rate ratio of Q = 0.05, SPIONs-loaded PLGA microdroplets with a diameter of 8.6 ± 0.6 μm were successfully formed. The magnetic properties of the encapsulated SPIONs were preserved, as evidenced by their response to an external magnetic field. Upon exposure to a magnetic field, the SPIONs-loaded PLGA microdroplets penetrated porcine skin to a depth of more than 140 μm within 5 minutes. The results demonstrate the potential of these monodispersed SPIONsloaded PLGA microdroplets for targeted magnetic drug delivery systems, as they possess controllable size and preserved magnetic properties, enabling enhanced penetration and localization when combined with external magnetic fields.
Reinforcement Learning in Dynamic Grids: A Modified Q-Learning Approach to Autonomous Driving with Moving Obstacles
Authors:   Master of Technology Scholar, Computer Science Engineering(Data Science), Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg(Chhattisgarh), Bhatia Avani
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an enhanced Q-learning framework for autonomous self-driving agents navigating dynamic grid-based environments. The proposed method addresses key challenges in autonomous navigation, such as real-time decision-making, obstacle avoidance, and efficient path planning in environments with static and dynamic obstacles. Unlike traditional approaches, this framework incorporates moving obstacles with randomized or predefined patterns, simulating real-world scenarios like pedestrian movements or other vehicles on the road. A modified reward mechanism is introduced, heavily penalizing collisions while incentivizing efficient and safe navigation toward the goal. The agent is trained using reinforcement learning principles, where its policy evolves through exploration and exploitation strategies, ensuring adaptability to complex environments. The framework also features real-time visualization, offering an intuitive representation of agent behaviours, obstacle dynamics, and learning progression.

The experimental findings demonstrate considerable gains in convergence speed, obstacle avoidance efficiency, and flexibility when compared to the baseline Q-learning techniques. This study emphasises the potential of Q-learning in dynamic, developing contexts, opening the door for its use in real-world autonomous systems like as robots and self-driving automobiles..

Keywords: Q-learning, Reinforcement Learning, Dynamic Grids and Autonomous Driving
AI-ML based HealthCare Chatbot
Authors:   1Department of Information Technology, Zeal College of Engineering and Research, Gupta Diya
Published: February 2025

In the realm of modern healthcare, the exigency for instantaneous, accurate, and personalized medical assistance remains a paramount concern, primarily due to infrastructural deficits and delayed medical interventions, especially in remote locales. The AI-ML-powered healthcare chatbot aspires to ameliorate this predicament by offering 24/7 medical support, ranging from symptom assessment to scheduling consultations and medication reminders, thereby fortifying healthcare accessibility. The focal point of this inquiry entails a meticulous exploration of the underlying factors contributing to delayed medical responses, analysing the causative elements, and investigating the contextual framework to comprehend when and how such exigencies materialize. A comprehensive literature survey will be undertaken to discern prevailing methodologies and state-of-the-art techniques employed for the detection and prevention of health-related complications through chatbot interventions, leveraging machine learning and natural language processing paradigms. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of these techniques will be conducted to delineate their respective efficacies, performance metrics, and limitations, facilitating the selection of the most optimal strategy for deployment in real-world scenarios. Ultimately, the inquiry will culminate in a decisive conclusion that encapsulates the key findings, underscores the transformative potential of AI-ML chatbots in healthcare delivery, and delineates actionable recommendations for future enhancements and scalability .

Keywords—Healthcare Chatbot, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine learning (ML), Disease detection, Healthcare automation, Symptom Assessment
EntryXpert - Simplifying Event Registration with QR Tickets
Authors:   Department of CSE JNN College of Engineering., D E Vedananda
Published: February 2025

- EntryXpert is a cutting-edge event management platform designed to simplify and revolutionize traditional event registration and ticketing processes. Leveraging QR-based digital tickets, the system provides seamless registration, secure payment integration, and real-time data synchronization for event organizers and attendees. Built on a robust backend using Django and Supabase, and paired with a Flutter-based mobile application, EntryXpert offers a comprehensive solution for creating events, managing registrations, and validating tickets. The platform ensures enhanced security through encrypted ticketing and fraud prevention mechanisms while improving efficiency with instant QR code issuance and real-time updates. With a scalable architecture, EntryXpert caters to events of all sizes, from small gatherings to large-scale conferences. This paper explores the platform’s design, implementation, and key features, highlighting its impact on modern event management and its potential to redefine the industry through innovative technology and user-friendly design.

Key Words:  Event Management, QR Codes, Digital Tickets, Secure Payments and Real-Time Validation.
FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATOR
Authors:   , CSE , Priyadarshini College Of Engineering, Dronkar1 Swati S
Published: February 2025

The growing need for sustainable and renewable energy sources is driven by environmental issues and energy shortages. The footstep power generator is a groundbreaking energy harvesting system that transforms the mechanical energy produced by human footsteps into electrical energy.

This paper examines different methodologies, operational principles, and applications of footstep power generation. It also explores the benefits, challenges, and future potential of this technology.

Key Words: Footstep power generation, renewable energy, piezoelectric energy, electromagnetic induction, sustainable technology, smart cities, IoT, smart sensors.
Application of Graphene in Water Purification
Authors:   Dr. Bapuji Salunkhe Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur, India., Bangi Alajarin A
Published: February 2025

Graphene and its derivatives have emerged as promising materials for water purification due to their unique properties, including high surface area, excellent conductivity, and tunable chemical reactivity. This paper explores the application of graphene-based materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene composites, in various water treatment processes. The high porosity and surface chemistry of graphene make it ideal for adsorption, filtration, and removal of contaminants like heavy metals, organic pollutants, and microorganisms from water. In addition, graphene's ability to enable advanced filtration technologies such as membrane-based systems, electrochemical processes, and photo catalytic degradation offers significant improvements in water purification efficiency and selectivity. Challenges related to scalability, material functionalization, and long-term stability is also discussed. The paper highlights recent advancements in the use of graphene materials for sustainable and efficient water treatment, and provides an overview of future research directions in this field to optimize performance and commercialization.

Keywords: Graphene, water treatment processes, photo catalytic, commercialization
Lombroso's kijk op de Italiaanse maffia
Authors: Fijnaut C.J.C.F.
Published: February 2025

Lombroso's views on the Italian mafia

The writings of Cesare Lombroso reflect to a high degree the crime problems being discussed in his time. This is certainly true for the phenomenon of the Italian mafia. Inspired by others writers, press reports and his own observations he came to the conclusion that criminal associations belonging to the Sicilian mafia and the ‘Ndrangheta, in particular consisted of professional criminals and were quite often headed by an intelligent born criminal. In a quite detailed manner he described the ways in which these organizations were structured and the initiation rites that were applied to youngsters who wanted to join them. Lombroso made no secret of the political role the mafia groupings played in Italy, but he warned at the same time that one should take into account that these groupings also disguised themselves as political organizations in order to cover up their true nature: nothing else than criminal organisations. This warning gives room for the idea that - like in the United States - the Italian mafia could also take root in other European countries than Italy itself and not only use them as places to hide from the Italian police and judicial authorities or as market places to trade in illegal goods and services.
André Cools en Agusta
Authors: Cools M.
Published: February 2025

André Cools and Agusta; a Belgian affair

This article describes the relation between the murder on the Walloon social-democratic politician André Cools on 18th July 1991 at Liege and the corruption case Agusta - dealing with the purchase of army helicopters - in order to reflect on typical Belgian criminological issues in this political organized crime topic. The murder committed by Tunisian hit-men was ordered through the influence of the personal cabinet of Van der Biest, a former minister. During the murder investigation a link with the Agusta corruption case was discovered and would tear down several ministers as well as the former NATO Secretary-General Willy Claes. Due to the existence of especially journalistic sources and a lack of scientific criminological material, the conclusions of this article are strictly personal. The murder and the corruption prove the fact that political organized crime was a reality in Belgium. This case can stand as a scholarly example in the study of political organized crime in Belgium.
Misdaad en politiek in Rusland
Authors: Siegel D.
Published: February 2025

Crime and politics in Russia

Traditionally there was a lot of admiration in Russia for the social bandits in the sixteenth en seventeenth centuries. Later, under the Soviets, other brave political bandits, better known as revolutionaries, were praised. In addition, there were vory v zakone and the prisoners of Gulag. In this article the link between politics and crime in the Soviet and post-Soviet Russia is analyzed. In order to understand the emergence of old and new criminals it is necessary to follow the historical development of this interrelationship.
De hervorming van de rechtshandhaving in de West
Authors: de Doelder H.
Published: February 2025

The reform of law enforcement on the Dutch Antillean islands

The regulation regarding the law enforcement in the new construction of the Netherlands Antilles has to be adapted. The country of the Netherlands Antilles will be divided in three parts: two more or less autonomous countries (Curaçao and Sint Maarten) and the remaining islands (the third part) will fall directly under Dutch rule. In this article special attention is being paid to the law enforcement on the islands (and countries) Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Will it be possible (in the future) for the Dutch Minister of Justice to give guidelines or orders to the prosecution office based in Curaçao and Sint Maarten? It has been agreed that the countries of the Netherlands, Sint Maarten and Curaçao will consult regularly on prosecution policy in order to coordinate their actions. Also a new legal possibility is created for all three Ministers of Justice (including the Dutch minister) to give guidelines or orders to the prosecution, but in special cases only after approval of the Common Court of Justice.
Het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafrecht
Authors: Murray M.F.
Published: February 2025

A new Criminal Code for the Netherlands Antilles

This article discusses the main features of the draft version of the new Criminal Code for the Netherlands Antilles, which was completely revised and updated in accordance with the latest case law and applicable international treaties. The draft legislation abolishes the dead penalty and minimum sentences. Also it introduces community services, a travel ban, an extension of self-defense in the direct vicinity of one's house and the obligatory review of life-long jail sentences after twenty years. Furthermore it adapts and modernizes the presently existing fines and criminal law for minors. The draft legislation is pending the recommendations of the Advice Council and will be presented to the Parliament thereafter.
De economische crisis en het herstel van vertrouwen
Authors: van Raaij W.F.
Published: February 2025

The economic crisis and the recovery of confidence and trust

Trust between people and institutions is essential for the functioning of society. In this paper the author distinguishes trust and confidence. Confidence is the optimism or pessimism of consumers and investors about the future, about the Dutch economy and about the financial situation of their own household. Consumer confidence declined sharply after 2007, with negative consequences for the sales of houses and cars. A low level of trust is threatening for the functioning of institutions and society. Determinants of trust are: competence, stability, integrity, benevolence, transparency, value congruency and reputation. The first four determinants are ‘dissatisfiers’, while the last three are ‘satisfiers’. Financial institutions have to meet the criteria on the first four determinants without a compensation by the last three determinants. The last three determinants offer options for additional profiling, positioning and differentiation. The recovery of confidence will happen sooner than the recovery of trust. Confidence is related to general economic developments. The recovery of trust is a slower process, because of the integrity of persons and institutions. People want to see ‘proofs’ of a changed behaviour before they trust persons and institutions again. This means that a prolonged trust crisis is to be expected, even when confidence is already optimistic.
De voorlopers van de moderne criminologie in België en Nederland
Authors: Fijnaut C.
Published: February 2025

The predecessors of modern criminology in Belgium and the Netherlands

The prehistory of criminology doesn't get all that much attention in the Low Countries. In the Dutch case many criminologists e.g. see the publication of Bonger's work in 1905 on crime and economic conditions as the real starting point of criminology. This narrow historical view overlooks the fact that, before the French Revolution, notably the ideas of Beccaria on crime and punishment sparked a rather fierce discussion in the Netherlands - this in contrast to the Austrian/Belgian provinces. Beccaria's views also inspired Calkoen to write the first comprehensive treatise on the prevention and repression of crime in 1778. Later, after 1830, two major figures in the prehistory of modern criminology stepped forward in the new independent state of Belgium. Quetelet was the first one in history to apply modern statistics in order to assess the nature, extent and development of crime problems. He became one of the founding fathers of criminal statistics. Ducpétiaux developed into an enlightened and brilliant defender of the Pennsylvania penitentiary system and completely rebuilt the Belgian system according to this model. Both men also had a notable impact on the discussion how to deal with crime and in particular on the construction of new prisons in the Netherlands. After the birth of modern criminology in 1876 - thanks to Lombroso - the writings of Quetelet were an important source of knowledge for Bonger and the Belgian criminologist Denis. Lombroso, however, equally had important followers in both countries: Aletrino in the Netherlands and Héger in Belgium. It is a pity that the (pre-)history of criminology in the Low Countries is not part of the contemporary international image of the history of criminology. Time has come to fill up this important gap in the historical analysis of criminology.
Over het verband tussen de frequentie van en tolerantie voor geweld
Authors: Spierenburg P.
Published: February 2025

The historical relationship between the frequency and tolerance of violence

This article examines the historically inverse relationship between the incidence of interpersonal violence and the level of tolerance for the occurrence of violence. The Middle Ages witnessed high homicide rates, but people accepted violent conflicts as belonging to daily life. Homicide rates declined during the early modern period which resulted in a relatively peaceful nineteenth century. Precisely in this century new concerns and fears are visible over youth gangs and street robbery, which in reality were rarely lethal. The inverse relationship persisted until the mid-twentieth century, but then disappeared. While the 1950s and 1960s had low homicide rates and low concern, thereafter both homicide rates and public concern increased. The paper ends with a preliminary explanation for the historical trends observed.
De verhouding politie-bevolking in historisch perspectief
Authors: De Koster M.
Published: February 2025

The police-citizen relation in a historical perspective; mutual dependence and tacit contracts

This article explores police-citizens relations in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries and attempts to demonstrate that these were not as unequivocal as is commonly assumed. While historians approach the modern police as an instrument of coercive state control imposed ‘from above’ onto a passive population, current policy debates tend to assume that police-citizen relations were friendly and that cops learned from citizens, leading to well-informed and neighbourhood-sensitive policing. The author argues that police-citizen relations were not friendly, but all about the negotiation of ‘tacit contracts’ between both parties, that allowed the police to carry out their duties within the boundaries of public tolerance, and the public to take all sorts of small conflicts and demands for aid and assistance to the police. This explains why police intervention was never merely repressive: in order to preserve these precious ‘contracts’, the police operated selectively, acting only against certain groups and offences, and watching particular city areas.
Swiebertje en Superman
Authors: Engberts A.B. , Cornelissen H.G.M.
Published: February 2025

The mayor and his task in the field of public order and security

The article paints the picture of a mayor who is proactive, assumes a directive role, signals and tackles problems, while also playing a binding role in the community. When it comes to matters of public order and safety, the mayor obviously works in close cooperation and consultation with the other parties of the local triangle, e.g. the chief of police and the public prosecutor. Points of improvement are presented as regards the functioning of the triangle as well the mayor's position in terms of information. The directive role of the mayor can in the near future be embedded, whereby the mayor ‘oversees’ the integral safety policy in his municipality.
Winning the hearts and minds in Nederlands-Indië
Authors: Bloembergen M.
Published: February 2025

Winning the hearts and minds in the Dutch East-Indies

This essay is a tentative exercise to compare ideals and practices of daily colonial policing, in particular in the late colonial state of the Dutch East-Indies, to those of present-day international peace and police development missions in post-conflict societies. In both cases we see foreign powers, represented by a minority of experts and professionals, aiming to control (or to assist in controlling) local security problems, out of care and fear; they do so by training indigenous recruits for professional (civil and military) police forces, build on western models of policing which they presume superior. But the most import thing the colonial police and international peace and developmental missions share is their actual weak base of power: both institutions have to operate in states that are characterized by fragmentation of power, by fragile authority and by lack of security control. Both institutions have a problem of legitimacy: the mandate they get from the local population is doubtful. This explains why both the police and international peace missions, whether consciously or not, often fail to solve local power struggles, or to grasp the point of local security problems, sometimes with very dramatic effects.
Werken in de marge
Authors: Staring R. , Aarts J.
Published: February 2025

Labour in the fringe; young people illegally staying in the Netherlands

A large number of former unaccompanied minors in the Netherlands leave for unknown destinations during the asylum procedure or after being rejected. In this contribution the authors provide answers to the question how undocumented (former) unaccompanied minors provide for their living and housing. The study is based on interviews with 118 former undocumented unaccompanied minors who were recruited through the personal networks of the researchers and through contacts with representatives of (private) organizations who support the youngsters. The undocumented minors are excluded from formal employment as well as provisions of the welfare state. By far the largest group of the undocumented (former) unaccompanied minors has never been involved in criminal activities and only one third of them work in the informal economy. The sectors in which these youngsters perform informal work vary from cleaning and construction to catering and personal services. The work is characterized by uncertain working hours. There are often few hours available and the work often takes place on call. The pay is meagre and few respondents can survive exclusively on their earnings. The undocumented (former) unaccompanied minors are mainly supported by friends and private organizations for their living and housing. It is because of this support that the youngsters do not roam the streets and can continue their illegal stay in the Netherlands. The strong orientation of the youngsters towards a lawful residence in the Netherlands causes them to fear the risks of arrest while working, so they rather settle for the limited support of private organizations and friends. The support of private organizations and the focus of the youngsters towards a lawful stay thus constitute a buffer against exploitation.
Fataal huiselijk geweld
Authors: Koenraadt F. , Liem M.
Published: February 2025

Fatal domestic violence; the killing of one's own child, partner or parent

Homicides that take place in the family generally lead to shock and incomprehension in society at large. Even though in recent years the number of homicides in the Netherlands has decreased, domestic homicides still claim approximately sixty victims per year. This article aims to describe the nature and incidence of domestic homicide in the Netherlands by making use of both epidemiological data as well as detailed analyses of case reports of domestic homicides. In doing so, several types of domestic homicides are distinguished: intimate partner homicide, child homicide, parent and sibling homicide, multiple family homicide and finally, domestic homicide followed by suicide. The findings are discussed and put into perspective.
Overeenkomsten én verschillen tussen huiselijk en eergerelateerd geweld
Authors: Janssen J.
Published: February 2025

Honour-based and domestic violence: similarities and differences

There is a tendency to put honour-based and domestic violence in the same box. This article examines whether this is correct or not. The perception of the two phenomena share a number of similarities: violence that often occurs in the context of the family and, in many cases, complex issues that have already been at play for some time. Furthermore, the perception is that primarily women are the victims of both domestic and honour-based violence. A big difference is that the term domestic violence refers to the social context where violence is taking place and the term honour-based refers to the motive for violent action or threats. A complicating factor is that hurt feelings of honour might provoke violence or threats in the context of the family. In research literature it is assumed that domestic violence occurs at all levels of society, which means that this phenomenon will also be encountered amongst ethnic minorities. It is striking that domestic violence amongst ethnic minorities is often mentioned in the same breath as honour-based violence. However, both phenomena deserve a different approach. The risks of treating domestic violence as an honour case and honour-based violence as domestic abuse are described.
Co-ouderschap in Nederland: eindelijk duidelijkheid!
Authors: Antokolskaia M.V.
Published: February 2025

Shared child residence in the Netherlands

The possibility of imposing shared child residence after divorce - even against the wishes of one of the parents - has been recently introduced in several countries. In the Netherlands such possibility was first part of a Private MP Bill. After its initial rejection, it became incorporated by amendment into the Governmental Bill that became law on 1 March 2009 - against the will of the Minister. Due to this turbulent legislative history and rather unclear wording of the legislation uncertainty remained as to whether shared residence can be imposed against the will of one of the parents and whether the judge is obliged to consider it as a first option in each child residence case. The recent decision of the Supreme Court finally clarified the situation: both questions are answered in the affirmative, however the best interest of the child remains the leading consideration for the judge deciding the case.
Koude uitsluiting en de scheefgroei van inkomens en vermogens na scheiding
Authors: Verstappen L.C.A.
Published: February 2025

‘Cold exclusion’ and the awry growth of income and property after divorce

The article deals with so-called ‘koude uitsluiting’ (‘cold exclusion’), a certain type of matrimonial property contract, in which spouses diverge from the standard matrimonial system of community of all property, without any other compensating provisions. Cohabitants who do not have a cohabitation agreement, are in a similar situation. After a divorce or a separation especially many women with children encounter serious financial problems, while the former spouse often experiences an improvement of his financial situation. The article is based on an empirical and (partly comparative) legal study, which proposes new legislation to overcome the most unjust effects of ‘koude uitsluiting’. The author gives a short overview of these proposals.
Slachtofferschap van identiteitsfraude
Authors: van Wilsem J.
Published: February 2025

Identity fraud and victimhood; a literature research into nature, size, risk factors and aftermath

Identity fraud involves the theft of another person's identity information (e.g. bank account number and password), mostly for purposes of financial gain to the offender. The literature review summarizes main results from international and Dutch research with respect to the nature, size, risk factors and aftermath of identity fraud as well as the consequences for its victims. Though scientific research on these phenomena is taking place more and more, much work yet remains to be done. This review ends with suggestions for future research on identity fraud.
Groene criminologie en vuileboordencriminaliteit
Authors: Ruggiero V. , South N.
Published: February 2025

Green criminology and dirty collar crime

As a contribution to literature drawing together green criminology and studies of organized and corporate crime, this paper provides a case study of crimes and public health harms linked to the Naples garbage disposal crisis. The context is the inability of modern consumer society to cope with the problem of mass production of waste. In turn this leads to opportunities for both legal and criminal entrepreneurs to offer services that promise but fail to ‘dispose’ of the problem. The analysis draws upon environmental law and classic studies of organised crime.
Mogelijkheden en beperkingen van de internettap
Authors: Oerlemans J.J.
Published: February 2025

Possibilities and limitations of internet wiretapping

The future of wiretapping is threatened by encryption and developments in the telecommunications industry. Internet communications changed the wiretapping landscape fundamentally. In practice it is often impossible to wiretap all possible internet connections. Not all communication providers are obliged to execute wiretap orders. This limits the use of a wiretap in an increasingly digital world. Although the content of certain encrypted Voice-over-IP communications and private messages might not be visible to law enforcement officials, the traffic data are. These traffic data show when the suspect connects to certain communication services, which provide important clues to proceed in a criminal investigation. It is important to have a discussion whether our wiretap laws need to be amended to better fit the needs of law enforcement. However, to make such a debate possible we need transparency. A good first step is to provide details and statistics about the use of internet wiretaps.