bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Synthesis Time and Related Parameters in Erythroid Cell Precursors of Rats
Authors: Monette Francis C. , LoBue Joseph , Chan Po‐Cheun , Gordon Albert S.
Published: August 2010

The double‐labelling, two‐emulsion autoradiographic technique was used to study DNA synthesis time and related nuclear sub‐cycle durations of erythroid cell precursors in three week‐old rats. As employed in this short‐term investigation, the double‐labelling technique permitted direct estimates of DNA synthesis time to be made independently of labelling indices from the flow of two populations of labelled cells through the S‐phase of the nuclear cycle. The application of a second autoradiographic emulsion over single‐emulsion preparations made possible a more objective distinction between the two labels than can be done with single emulsion preparations. The following estimates were obtained from counts made on nine rats and a total of 45,000 cells: DNA synthesis time, 7.0 ± 0.5 hours; mitotic time (not including early prophase), 20 ± 3 minutes; average turnover time, 19.0 ± 1.8 hours.
Erythrocyte and Platelet Glucose 6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Normal and Mutant Caucasians
Authors: Doery J. C. G. , Hirsh J. , Gruchy G. C. de
Published: August 2010

The activity, pH optimum and electrophoretic mobility of platelet glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6‐PD) was investigated in subjects with severe Mediterranean type G6‐PD deficiency. Enzyme activity was less than 1% of normal in erythrocytes and 20% of normal in platelets. Investigation of pH optimum and electrophoretic mobility indicated that the mutant enzyme was present in the platelets. It is suggested that the very low activity of the enzyme in erythrocytes is due to a combination of a low specific activity and an increased susceptibility of the mutant enzyme to inactivation in the erythrocyte environment.
Aggravation of Congenital Spherocytosis during Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Godal H. C. , Skaga E.
Published: August 2010

A case of infectious mononucleosis complicated by brisk haemolysis is reported. Evidence is presented that haemolysis was due to clinical manifestation of congenital spherocytosis.
Fetal Development of Red Cell Antigens K, k, Lua, Lub, Fya, Fyb, Vel and Xga
Authors: Toivanen P. , Hirvonen T.
Published: August 2010

Red cell antigen k occurs in the same frequency and strength as in adults in fetuses of 9 weeks or more and antigens Fya, Fyb and Vel in fetuses aged at least twelve weeks. Antigen K was encountered twice, in fetuses of 14 and 16 weeks. Lub appears weaker in fetuses than in adults; it was not detected in a fetus of 9 weeks although both parents were Lu(a–b+). Xga was found to be yet more poorly developed before birth; it was demonstrated in only four out of 23 fetuses. Its frequency in fullterm newborns was, however, the same as in adults, but with lower scores.
The Toa Micro Cell Counter
Authors: Helleman P. W. , Benjamin C. J.
Published: August 2010

An investigation of the count loss caused by coincidence in the Toa counter leads to the conclusion that the ‘coincidence loss’ with this apparatus is of the same order of magnitude as that with the Coulter counter. This conclusion contradicts the pertinent statement made by the manufacturer.
Quantiative Determination of Intravascular Coagulation in the Lungs of Experimental Animals
Authors: Saldeen Tom
Published: August 2010

A method demonstrating intravascular intravital coagulation in the lungs of experimental animals, using intravenous injection of labelled fibrinogen before the deposition of fibrin, is described. In contrast to the histological methods, the present method allows good postmortal quantitative determination of intravascular coagulation occurred during life.

Both the dose of the agent (thrombin) by which the coagulation was induced, and the rate at which this agent was administered intravenously, influenced the results. The increased radioactivity, noted when labelled fibrinogen was used, did not occur when fibrinogen was replaced by labelled albumin.
Abnormalities of Platelet Function and Ultrastructure in Macrothrombocytic Thrombopathia
Authors: Niewiarowski S. , Poplawski A. , Prokopowicz J. , Kanska B. , Lechner K. , Stockinger L.
Published: August 2010

The main abnormalities in two sisters with congenital macrothrombocytic thrombopathia who were previously described (Kanska et al. 1963) consisted of enormous platelets, considerable decrease of platelet factor 3 in intact and homogenized platelets, decrease of thromboplastic activity of erythrocytes and periodic thrombocytopenia. Furthermore platelet factor 3 did not become available following platelet aggregation by ADP and thrombin. Ultrastructural and enzymologic examinations revealed decrease of glycogen of some enzymes of citric acid cycle and of ATP in patient platelets. The abnormality of microtubules was observed. It has been postulated that the nature of macrothrombocytic thrombopathia may be connected with the abnormality of lipoproteins which form structural part of platelet and erythrocyte membranes.
Neutrophil Segmentation and Radial Segmentation
Authors: Norberg Bo
Published: August 2010

The oxalate‐induced nuclear hypersegmentation in neutrophils may be recorded by counting the segments. In heparinized blood, the number of segments remains fairly constant during incubation at 37° C. for at least 6 hours. Temperature depression and demecolcine decrease the number of segments recorded. Under identical experimental conditions, the formation of radial‐segmented (RS) nuclei in mononucleated blood cells is promoted by incubation at room temperature and inhibited by treatment with demecolcine. Cold (+4° C.) and demecolcine at room temperature induce segmental clumping in the nuclei of neutrophils. The possible role of cytoplasmic microtubules in neutrophil segmentation is discussed.
Major Surgery in a Patient with Thrombasthenia and Rapid Removal of Normal Platelets
Authors: Barkve Håkon , Neset Gunnar
Published: August 2010

A case of thrombasthenia in a 63 years old man is presented. He had cancer of the colon and bled continuously from the rectum. After transfusion of platelets from ten donors, platelet count and bleeding time were unchanged. Nevertheless, a resection of the colon was successfully performed.
Treatment of Congenital Hypoplastic Anaemia with Prednisone
Authors: Sjölin Stig , Wranne Lars
Published: August 2010

Six patients suffering from congenital hypoplastic anaemia and treated with prednisone are presented.

Three of them responded well and showed reticulocytosis followed by increase of haemoglobin. Prednisone in a daily dosage of 15–20 mg. was effective while less seemed ineffective and higher doses did not give a better response. By giving prednisone intermittently marked growth retardation was avoided during observation periods of 4–13 years.

The other three patients responded less well. It was not possible in these cases to elicit reticulocytosis regularly, and reticulocytosis was never followed by a corresponding increase of haemoglobin. One of these patients died from pneumonia at the age of 4 months. The other two have been treated for 4 and 5 years, respectively, with prednisone given intermittently, and with blood transfusions. Only moderate or mild growth retardation was observed.
Release of Splenic Cells into the Blood of Guinea‐Pigs of Different Ages
Authors: Sandberg Göran
Published: August 2010

Emigration of splenic cells into the blood was studied through determination of the number of white blood cells in splenic afferent and efferent blood. The lymphocytes were divided into subgroups based on differing mitochondrial content. A significant output of splenic cells into the blood was demonstrated in newborn guinea‐pigs, and the splenic veno‐arterial lymphocyte difference increased with the age of the animals. It comprised lymphocytes of all mitochondrial classes. The highest increase in output occurred between 4 and 8 weeks of age. The splenic veno‐arterial lymphocyte difference was not related to splenic weight. A negative correlation between the release of cells from the spleen and the content of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was established in some of the groups and may be the consequence of a feed‐back mechanism.

The low splenic output of lymphocytes with 0–5 mitochondria (smallest lymphocytes) in the very young animals and the relation of these cells to thymic function are discussed.

Normal values for the total number of white cells in the blood, as well as for lymphocytes with different mitochondrial content, and the haematocrit in guinea‐pigs of different ages are presented.
Effect of the Blood Sampling Procedure on the Fibrinogen Estimate in Rabbit Plasma
Authors: Grüner O. P. N.
Published: August 2010

Differences were small between fibrinogen levels in blood obtained by puncture of the heart of rabbit, the median artery and the lateral vein of the ear. Arterial puncture was found a reliable method whereas venous puncture was time‐consuming and gave a slightly lower fibrinogen estimate.
Erythrophagocytosis in the Human Bone Marrow
Authors: Marton F.
Published: August 2010

Erythrocyte destruction by erythrophagocytosis and red blood cell disintegration has been studied in methacrylate embedded human bone marrow. Phagocytosis of erythrocytes is demonstrated in macrophages within the bone marrow sinusoids, in the bone marrow reticulum cells and in the nursing cells of the erythroclastic islands. Red cell destruction takes place both in normal and in pathologically altered bone marrow, but is often markedly increased in hypoplastic bone marrow disease.

The bone marrow is considered representing the main erythroblastic organ in normal individuals, removing aged red cells from the circulation by erythrophagocytosis within bone marrow sinusoids. Further disintegration of the erythrocytes in the bone marrow reticulum cells provides directly components for rebuilding of new erythrocytes in the erythroblastic islands.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia — Caused by Polyoma Virus?
Authors: Rausing Alf , Axelsson Uno
Published: August 2010

In a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with 6 years' history of chronic lymphatic leukaemia, the onset of the disease was characterized by visual disorders which progressed to blindness within a month to be followed by pareses and apathy. The patient died in a state of coma 5 months after onset. Autopsy revealed extensive changes typical of PML in the brain and spinal cord. By the negative staining method and in ultrathin sections electron microscopy showed virus‐like particles which, as in previous cases of PML, resembled polyoma virions. The possibility of this disease should be borne in mind in the investigation of obscure neurological complications of chronic diseases, especially lymphoproliferative conditions, because the examination of unfixed material as early as possible post mortem is necessary for confirming the suspected viral aetiology of the disease.
The HL‐A System: Evidence of a Third Sub‐Locus
Authors: Thorsby E. , Sandberg Lena , Lindholm Annika , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen F.
Published: August 2010

In the serum of a multiparous woman lymphocytotoxic antibodies were found which seemed to be directed against a ‘new’ HL‐A antigen; AJ. Population and family studies indicate that the respective genetic determinant might belong to a third sub‐locus wihin the HL‐A chromosomal region.
ADP‐Induced Aggregation of Washed Platelets Effect of Platelet and Plasma Fibrinogen
Authors: Solum Nils Olav
Published: August 2010

ADP‐induced aggregation of washed human and porcine platelets has been studied. Plasma from a patient genetically deficient in fibrinogen lacked ADP‐cofactor activity. Apyrase totally inhibited the small platelet aggregation observed after addition of fibrinogen to washed platelets. Lysates of washed porcine platelets contained 1.34 mg/109 platelets of protein in the soluble form and 0.44 mg/109 platelets as insoluble protein. Platelet fibrinogen in soluble fraction was 0.16 mg/109 platelets. Partly purified porcine platelet fibrinogen showed cofactor activity for ADP‐induced aggregation of washed porcine platelets, but compared to plasma fibrinogen a higher concentration of the platelet fibrinogen was needed to obtain the same effect.
An Abnormal Phosphoglucomutase Component in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia
Authors: Lamm Lars U. , Jensen K. Bjørn
Published: August 2010

An abnormal weak lymphocyte PGM isozyme was found in 5 out of 13 patients with CLL. Nothing conclusive can be said about its origin, but it deserves further attention and also indicates that the PGM pattern should be studied in other types of leukaemia. Care must be taken in the PGM phenotyping of leucocytes from patients with CLL and maybe also in patients with other haematological disorders, as a PGM31 individual may be misinterpreted as type PGM32–1.
Erythrocyte Glutathione Reductase Activity in Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Ferrone S. , Zanella A. , Sirchia G.
Published: August 2010

Red cell glutathione reductase activity has been investigated in 79 patients suffering from chronic pyelonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis. Of the two groups of patients considered, those in the first group were anaemic and had marked renal failure, while those in the second had a haemoglobin equal or above 11 g/100 ml with in most cases slight renal function impairment. Enzyme activity was found significantly above normal in nephropatic subjects, being significantly higher in anaemic than in non‐anaemic patients.
Do Platelets Enhance Thromboplastin —Induced Intravascular Clotting?
Authors: Evensen Stein A. , Jeremic Michael
Published: August 2010

During intravenous infusion of homologous tissue thromboplastin in normal rabbits, nearly 60% of the platelets initially present disappeared, but this platelet injury and destruction did not enhance intravascular clotting. Thus, clotting was equally severe in normal animals and in animals made extremely thrombocytopenic (mean: 4,000/,μ1, range: 1,000–8,000/μl) by the alkylating agent busulphan; more than half of the circulating fibrinogen and about two thirds of factor V activity were consumed, accompanied by significant decreases in the levels of factors VII and IX. Haemolysis was observed secondary to clotting, but never the generalized Shwartzman reaction.
The Cytology, Distribution and Function of the Neoplastic Cells in Leukaemic Reticuloendotheliosis
Authors: Berg B. , Brandt L.
Published: August 2010

The morphology of the neoplastic cells was studied in four cases of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis (LRE). Aspirated material from the spleen and liver was found to be rich in cells with the characteristic morphology and this may be of value for the diagnosis since leukopenia is common and bone marrow may be hard to obtain in LRE. No phagocytic activity could be demonstrated in the leukaemic cells. The incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the cells was extremely low, indicating a low proliferative capacity of the neoplastic tissue. It is suggested that the richness in neoplastic, lymphoid reticulum cells in blood, bone marrow, spleen and liver is due to an accumulation of cells with a low rate of proliferation.
Hb Sogn (β14 Arginine)
Authors: Monn E. , Bjark P.
Published: August 2010

Hb Sogn (β14 arginine) is a haemoglobin more unstable than Hb A, however, the individuals heterozygous for Hb Sogn present no symptom or sign of abnormal haemolysis, and in all probability they tolerate treatment with oxidant drugs like sulfonamides. Clinically, Hb Sogn is an innocuous haemoglobin variant.

Hb Sogn could be demonstrated through three generations. There is no close genetic linkage between the locus for haemoglobin β‐chain and loci for Rh, Gc, and PGM1 characters.
A New Method for Estimating Splenic Erythrocyte and Plasma Volume Combined with Quantitation of Splenic Iron Incorporation
Authors: Christensen B. Egelund
Published: August 2010

A method for in vivo determination of the splenic erythrocyte and plasma volume has been developed. Ultrasonic scanning of the splenic region permits not only determination of the shape and topography of the spleen, but also calculation of its volume with great accuracy, using simultaneous computer analysis. Splenic models of a volume as determined by ultrasonic scanning were made of water‐filled balloons and shaped as accurate copies of the scanned spleens. After infusion of known quantities of 51Cr‐labelled erythrocytes and 125I‐labelled albumin, intravenously and into a model of the patient's spleen, it may be determined – by surface measurements over the spleen in situ and over the balloon model – how large a part of the total erythrocyte and plasma volume is localized in the spleen. By the use of 59Fe, the method also allows quantitative determination of the iron incorporation in a spleen with extramedullary erythropoiesis.

The percentage which the erythrocyte pool in the spleen constitutes of the total erythrocyte volume increases with increasing spleen weight, apparently independently of the underlying haematological disease.
Inhibition of Thrombin‐Induced Aggregation of Human Platelets by Heparin and Antithrombin III
Authors: Eika C.
Published: August 2010

Heparin aggregated washed platelets in the presence of divalent cations. The aggregation was not significantly influenced by antithrombin III, albumin, or by the presence of serum. The significance of this finding is discussed. Heparin, together with antithrombin III, inhibited the release of platelet adenine nucleotides and also the platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. The inhibition was rapid and progressive. Much higher thrombin concentrations were inhibited than with antithrombin III alone. The inhibition was more pronounced at 37° C than at 19° C, and could not be reversed by addition of polybrene.
Chromium51 Uptake as A Function of Platelet Age
Authors: Tsukada Toshiyasu , Steiner Manfred , Baldini Mario G.
Published: August 2010

This investigation was supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT (30–1) 3590.

It is known that chromate uptake by platelets is mediated by a bimodal transport mechanism with a diffusional and a saturable transport component. These models of uptake were studied in rat platelet cohorts of different age, obtained during the recovery phase of thrombocytopenia induced by specific hetero‐antibody. At low concentrations of chromate in the medium the saturable transport mechanism prevailed and was found to be markedly dependent on platelet age. Platelets one day or less in age accumulated more than twice the amount of randomly‐aged platelets. At high concentrations of chromate at which diffusional transport predominates, no difference in total chromate accumulation was noted in these two platelet populations. The inhomogeneous distribution of 51Cr in a platelet population may have important bearing on the interpretation of platelet survival curves since by the generally employed labelling method, chromate concentrations are utilized well within the range in which saturable transport prevails and younger platelets are more heavily labelled than older ones.
Acute Erythroleukaemia in a Patient treated with Melphalan for the Cold Agglutinin Syndrome
Authors: Stavem Per , Harboe Morten
Published: August 2010

In a case of cold agglutinin syndrome, treatment with melphalan resulted in marked decrease of cold agglutinin titre, decrease in concentration of monoclonal cold agglutinin IgM, and concomitant clinical improvement with increased cold tolerance. After 27 months of melphalan treatment, the patient developed acute erythroleukaemia.
Observations on Cryopreservation of Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Normal Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Thomson A. E. R. , O'Connor T.W. E.
Published: August 2010

A set of conditions is defined for freeze‐storage of lymphocytes circulating in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL‐lymphocytes) and in healthy individuals (normal lymphocytes). Isolated cells are frozen in culture medium containing 15 % serum and 8.3 % (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) at a post‐freezing cooling rate in the range 1.8‐–3.4° per min to −40° or below followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen, and thawed rapidly (ca. 400° per min) at 37°. This procedure induced consistently low mortalities (2–7%) in normal and CLL populations, uninfluenced by freeze‐storage lasting up to 57 weeks, and was accompanied by large‐scale destruction (67–100%, average 95 %) of residual isolated red cells. The lymphocytes classified as surviving cells by cytologic analysis could display partial loss of initial capacity for respiration but capacity for survival in short‐term culture was retained. Brief reference is made to unchanged ultrastructural appearance of surviving cells. No pronounced differences were observed in the capacity of normal populations to transform under the influence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as a result of freezing and thawing, but tests for altered proliferative capacity of transformed cells were hampered by culture conditions proving sub‐optimal. Ultrasensitivity of CLL‐lymphocytes in vitro to cytocidal action of colchicine — a property currently utilized for measurement of abnormal cell content of CLL‐lymphocyte populations — was closely reproduced following freezing and thawing in experiments with 9 patients.
Alternating Appearance of IgD and IgG Myeloma Protein during Treatment
Authors: Oxelius Vivi‐Anne
Published: August 2010

A patient with widespread IgD‐myelomatosis is described. The serum electrophoretic pattern exhibited at discovery of the disease two M‐components: one of IgD‐lambda type migrating in the γ1‐region and one of Bence Jones protein lambda type in the β1‐region. A Bence Jones protein of lambda type was also detected in the urine. During treatment with cyclophosphamide the IgD‐lambda‐ and serum Bence Jones lambda‐proteins disappeared and the urine Bence Jones lambda protein decreased. After 8 months' treatment another M‐component was recognized in the slowest γ‐region. This M‐component was IgG, subclass IgG1 of kappa type. No signs of the IgGl component were seen when the first serum samples were retested with a specific antiserum raised against the IgG‐kappa component. In the following samples also the IgG‐kappa component decreased but traces were still demonstrable in all late samples. The patient improved during treatment. In the last obtained serum sample a reactivation of the IgD‐lambda‐ and Bence Jones lambda‐clones was seen.
Immature and Abnormal Erythrocytes Present in the Normal, Healthy Spleen
Authors: Song Seh‐Hoon , Groom Alan C.
Published: August 2010

Spleens from healthy adult cats and dogs were perfused with oxygenated Ringer solution. The majority of the erythrocytes were quickly washed out but approximately 10 % were released very slowly with a half‐life of 1 hr (slow compartment). After perfusion the morphological characteristics of the cells in this slow compartment can be studied using histological sections prepared with blood stains. Under the light microscope a variety of immature and abnormal erythrocytes was seen. The immature cells were identified as rubricytes and reticulocytes, but no proerythroblasts were found. The pictures show rubricytes in various stages of maturation and denucleation evidently occurred by extrusion of either an intact or a fragmented nucleus. It is concluded that in the normal healthy animal cells released from the bone marrow at the prorubricyte stage undergo maturation in the spleen.
Monoclonal Gammapathy with the M‐Component Behaving like Donath‐Landsteiner Haemolysin
Authors: Bastrup‐Madsen Poul , Petersen Helena Søndergaard
Published: August 2010

A case of benign idiopathic monoclonal gammapathy with cold sensitivity due to Donath‐Landsteiner antibody is reported. At the age of 42, the patient noticed a tendency to urticarial wheals after exposure to cold. Two years later, he began to have typical attacks of cold haemoglobinuria. At the age of 46, a haemolysin of the Donath‐Landsteiner type and increased amounts of IgG were disclosed. As the eluted M‐protein gave a positive Donath‐Landsteiner reaction, this was probably identical with the haemolysin. That the gammapathy was of the benign type was supported by the fact that no rise was seen in the M‐protein level or plasma‐cell count at a follow‐up examination 6 1/2 years after the onset of the cold sensitivity. The case is remarkable because Donath‐Landsteiner antibody has not previously been described together with a monoclonal gammapathy. The benign idiopathic monoclonal gammapathy is usually an asymptomatic condition.
The Disappearance of Ring Sideroblasts in Myeloblastic Leukaemia in Remission
Authors: Shaw M. T. , Foadi M.
Published: August 2010

A case of acute myeloblastic leukaemia is described in which ring sideroblasts, in the bone marrow, disappeared after induction of a complete remission.
Inhibition of Thrombin Induced Aggregation of Human Platelets by Heparin
Authors: Eika C.
Published: August 2010

Washed human platelets were aggregated by heparin in the presence of divalent cations. Heparin inhibited the thrombin induced platelet aggregation and release of platelet adenine nucleotides. The inhibition was maximal at low thrombin concentrations, and increased with increasing heparin concentrations. The inhibition was immediate and reversible. Protamine and polybrene per se inhibited the aggregation induced by thrombin.
Micro‐Immune Adherence
Authors: Thulstrup H.
Published: August 2010

A micro‐immune adherence assay is described, and some of the factors influencing the outcome of this reaction are discussed. A high degree of agreement is found between this technique and a micro‐lymphocytotoxic assay based upon dye exclusion, both when non‐selected sera and when specific HL‐A antisera were used. It was concluded that micro‐immune adherence is a simple and reliable technique also suitable for the demonstration of human HL‐A antigens.
Urinary Excretion of Histamine and Histamine Metabolites in Leukaemia
Authors: Berg Bertel , Granerus Göran , Westling Håkan , White Thomas
Published: August 2010

Most patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (12 cases in this material) excreted much larger quantities (up to twenty times normal) of histamine metabolites in the urine than healthy individuals and patients with other forms of leukaemia. This indicated an increased rate of formation of histamine in chronic myelocytic leukaemia. The site and mechanism of this increased histamine formation is discussed in relation the metabolic pattern found.
Drug‐Induced Malabsorption of Vitamin B12: V. Intestinal pH and Absorption of Vitamin B12during Treatment with Para‐Aminosalicylic Acid
Authors: PALVA I. P. , RYTKÖNEN U. , ALATULKKILA M. , PALVA H. L. A.
Published: August 2010

The pH in the contents of the ileum was measured radiotelemetrically in 11 patients taking PAS for pulmonary tuberculosis and having subnormal Schilling test values. In 8 cases, the pH was above 6. At that level the intrinsic factor has been found to enhance the uptake of B12in the ileal mucosa. The present finding is in agreement with earlier studies, indicating that PAS does not interfere with the intrinsic factor by any means, but causes B12malabsorption by another mechanism.
Phytohaemagglutinin Stimulation of Peripheral Lymphocytes in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia during Remission
Authors: BAKKEREN J. A. J. M. , de VAAN G. A. M. , SCHRETLEN E. D. A. M.
Published: August 2010

PHA response in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with ALL was determined during remission by 3H‐thymidine uptake. Short courses of intensive treatment with rubidomycin, vincristine, and prednisone significantly diminished both the PHA response and the number of circulating lymphocytes.

PHA stimulation restored itself rather quickly after the cytostatic treatment. Maintenance therapy with 6‐mercaptopurine, methotrexate, or cyclophosphamide did not cause a significant change in PHA response. The results are discussed in relation to the immunological status of the patients and the possibilities of active immunotherapy.
Haemolytic Anaemia Complicating Yersinia enterocolitica Infection: Report of a Case
Authors: KNORRING JOHAN VON , PETTERSSON TOR
Published: August 2010

A case of antiglobulin‐positive haemolytic anaemia developing in connection with Yersinia enterocolitica infection is reported. The patient responded favourably to prednisolone treatment. The case is discussed in the light of recent reports of Yersinia infections associated with various systemic reactions. So far haemolytic anaemia caused or initiated by Yersinia enterocolitica infection has not been described.
The 45, XO, Ph1Subgroup of Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia
Authors: GARSON O. MARGARET , MILLIGAN WENDY J.
Published: August 2010

Three male patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia were found by direct bone marrow chromosome studies to belong to a cytogenetically defined variant of this disorder. In addition to possessing the Philadelphia chromosome, the leukaemic cells lacked a member of group G, thought to be the Y chromosome. This suggestion was confirmed by fluorescent staining of the chromosomes using quinacrine mustard, thus giving a chromosome constitution of 45, XO, Ph1in the bone marrow cells. Using lymphocyte mitoses, the genotype of two of the patients was established as 46, XY. The fluorescent technique also enabled the identification of the Philadelphia chromosome as a member of the pair 22, in all three patients.

The clinical and haematological features of the subgroup as illustrated by these patients are described and indicate that there is little to differentiate these patients from those with 46 Ph1chronic granulocytic leukaemia except perhaps a more protracted course of the disease. Therefore diagnosis can only be established by cytogenetic examination of bone marrow or leukaemic cells at presentation.
Determination of Iron Absorption from Whole Diet: A New Two‐Pool Model Using Two Radioiron Isotopes Given as Haem and Non‐Haem Iron
Authors: HALLBERG LEIF , BJÖRN‐RASMUSSEN ERIK
Published: August 2010

Preliminary data strongly indicate that there is a complete isotopic exchange between an added inorganic iron tracer and non‐haem iron compounds in a number of foodstuffs when thoroughly mixed with the food during preparation. The absorption of such a tracer is expected to give a true measure of the total absorption of non‐haem iron from the diet. Similarly there is evidence indicating that radioiron labelled haemoglobin may be used as a tracer for studies on haem iron absorption from the diet.

A two‐pool model is suggested for food iron absorption — one haem iron and one non‐haem iron pool. These pools can be independently labelled with an inorganic radioiron tracer and with radioiron labelled haemoglobin by using two different radioiron isotopes. The total absorption of iron from these pools — from the whole diet — can be measured from the combined measurement of total body retention of 59Fe using whole body counting and determination of the ratio 55Fe/59Fe in a blood sample.

A report of preliminary studies on the application of this method in normal and iron deficient men is also given.
Primary and Secondary Platelet Aggregation in Uraemia
Authors: BALLARD HAROLD S. , MARCUS AARON J.
Published: August 2010

ADP‐induced aggregation (primary and secondary) of platelet‐rich plasma from uraemic subjects did not differ significantly from that of normal individuals. Biphasic aggregation occurred in 13 of 14 uraemic patients and in 11 of 14 normal subjects. The optimal concentration of ADP‐required to demonstrate secondary aggregation was 1 μmolar.

It is postulated that the normal response to ADP of platelets from uraemic subjects observed in this study resulted from the addition of optimal amounts of calcium to the platelet‐rich plasma.
Survival in vivo of Human Blood Platelets Frozen without Protective Additives
Authors: LUNDBERG A. , MURPHY S.
Published: August 2010

This study was done to verify observations in vitro (1) that the platelets' resistance to slow freezing is greater than the red cells' (2) that it is equal to their resistance to hypertonic stress; and (3) that loss of viability caused by these factors can be estimated by measuring loss of serotonin binding capacity in vitro. 12 autologous transfusions were performed of platelets that has been frozen and thawed in plasma without cryoprotective additive. After freezing to — 3° and — 4° C for approximately 10 min recovery in vivo was normal; freezing to — 5°, — 6° and — 7°C resulted in decreased recovery (68%, 59% and 41% of expected). These results agree with in vitro data and support the view that hypertonic dehydration is the main cause of cellular freezing injury. They do not mean that platelets can be stored under these conditions; after 24 hrs frozen to — 4° C no platelets circulated after transfusion.
Killing and Characterizing Action of Colchicine in vitro on Lymphocytes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: THOMSON A. E. R. , O'CONNOR T.W. E. , WETHERLEY‐MEIN G.
Published: August 2010

Circulating lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) that die in vitro in 1 day of culture with 10‐7 M‐colchicine (0.04 μg per ml) have been classed as abnormal cells. Most of the increase in peripheral count in 30 patients so far tested (treated or untreated) is due to cells of this type. A colchicine concentration 100, 000 times greater (10‐2 M) kills peripheral populations from healthy individuals in one day. Use of nuclear pyknosis as the index of death has been validated by metabolic and ultrastructural examination of pyknotic lymphocytes. Kinetic studies suggest that initiation of pyknotic degeneration of an abnormal population is achieved at a colchicine concentration of 10‐7 M in ca. 10 hrs — or at higher concentrations in shorter times inversely related to concentration — after attainment of a seemingly critical level of colchicine binding by the population.

From comparative cytocidal tests with several structural analogues, and with vinblastine, it is suggested that mode of cytocidal action of colchicine may have a biophysical basis like its antimitotic action involving binding in lymphocytes to micro‐tubular elements. One such analogue, trimethylcolchicinic acid methyl ether (NSC 36354) may be of therapeutic value in treatment of CLL.
Isolation and Analysis of Transferrins from Different Species
Authors: van EIJK H. G. , van DIJK J. P. , van NOORT W. L. , LEIJNSE B. , MONFOORT C. H.
Published: August 2010

The isolation of transferrin from human, rabbit, rat and fish sera has been described. The purified transferrins were characterized by amino acid and carbohydrate composition, by sedimentation coefficient, molecular weight and iron binding capacity. Antibodies against purified transferrins were isolated. These species specific antibodies can be used for immunochemical determinations of transferrins.
Discrepancy between Normotest and Thrombotest during Thromboplastin Induced Intravascular Coagulation in Rabbits
Authors: SLAASTAD R. A. , JEREMIC M.
Published: August 2010

During thromboplastin‐induced intravascular coagulation in rabbits, the Thrombotest values were markedly lowered, whereas Normotest was only moderately affected. Some possible mechanisms for this discrepancy are briefly discussed.
The Microtubules of Leukaemic Rieder Cells: An Ultrastructural Study
Authors: CAWLEY J. C.
Published: August 2010

The ultrastructural distribution of microtubules in human leukaemic Rieder cells is described for the first time, and the similarity between the microtubule distribution seen in these cells and that seen in oxalate‐induced Rieder cells in vitro is discussed.
Dysfibrinogenaemia Associated with Primary Hepatoma
Authors: VERHAEGHE R. , van DAMME B. , MOLLA AYESHA , VERMYLEN J.
Published: August 2010

A coagulation defect, characterised mainly by a prolongation of the thrombin time, the prothrombin time and the partial thromboplastin times was discovered in a patient with severe liver damage. As the reptilase time was also prolonged and a discrepancy was found between fibrinogen determinations in plasma with different methods the presence of an abnormal fibrinogen was postulated. After purification of fibrinogen from the plasma, a delayed aggregation of fibrin monomers was confirmed. Histological examination of the liver at autopsy revealed the existence of a primary hepatoma, suggesting the acquired nature of the abnormal molecule.
The Platelet Aggregating Effect of Eight Commercial Heparins
Authors: EIKA C.
Published: August 2010

Eight commercial heparin preparations were examined by the method of Born & Cross. All preparations induced aggregation of washed human platelets in the presence of calcium, probably by inducing release of platelet ADP. The aggregating potency varied considerably from brand to brand.
The Effect of Soya Bean Trypsin Inhibitor on Kaolin Induced Activation of Factor VII
Authors: BROZOVIĆ MILICA , GURD LINDA
Published: August 2010

It was recently reported (Gjønnaess & Stormorken 1971) that soya bean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) inhibits factor VII activation at 4° C in the plasma of women on the contraceptive pill. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether SBTI could be used to prevent factor VII activation during the preparation of reference plasmas for coagulation tests.

The rise in factor VII activity induced by kaolin is most marked at 4° C, less pronounced at 22° C and very slight at 37° C. SBTI in concentrations between 0.18 and 0.25 mg per ml of plasma inhibits the rise in factor VII activity at 4° C and 22° C. The inhibitory effect lasts up to 4 h at 4° C but only 10 min at 22° C. At 37° C, although little change in factor VII levels occurs when kaolin alone is added, in the presence of SBTI a marked and sustained rise in factor VII takes place. Concentrations of SBTI over 0.25 mg per ml of plasma are inhibitory to the assay system used for measuring factor VII.

These results indicate that the addition of SBTI is not a suitable means for preventing factor VII activation in the course of preparation of reference plasmas.
The Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Dipyridamole on Platelet Economy in Metastatic Cancer
Authors: ABRAHAMSEN ARNE FOSS
Published: August 2010

20 patients with metastatic cancer had increased consumption of blood platelets. Acetylsalicylic acid or dipyridamole in doses known to inhibit platelet aggregation did not reduce the platelet consumption.
Fibrinolytic Activity of Human Synovial Membranes in Health and in Haemophilia
Authors: PANDOLFI M. , AHLBERG Å. , TRALDI A. , NILSSON I. M.
Published: August 2010

Examination of the fibrinolytic activity of human healthy and haemophilic synovia with a histochemical technique permitting localisation and assay of fibrinolytic activity clearly revealed fibrinolytic activity confined to the cells forming the synovial lining and to the underlying blood vessels. The strength of fibrinolytic is undiminished in the hypertrophic haemophilic synovial membranes. The findings lend support to the assumption that local fibrinolysis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intraarticular haemorrhage in haemophilia.
Degradation of Fibrinogen in vitro: Demonstration of Several Antigenic Intermediates by Specific Anti‐D and Anti‐E Serum
Authors: GORMSEN JOHS. , FEDDERSEN C. , CLEMMENSEN I. , ANDERSEN R. B.
Published: August 2010

Degradation of human fibrinogen by porcine plasmin was illustrated by agar and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti‐fibrinogen and monospecific anti‐D and anti‐E serum.

Within one minute D+E‐antigenic fragments appear under the actual experimental conditions, showing the position in the electrophoretic systems as the so‐called X‐fraction. Their ability to clot decreases gradually after further digestion and some appear to become heat stable. An E‐antigenic fraction appears shortly after the first D+E‐antigenic fractions, is placed in agar electrophoresis as the so‐called Y‐fraction, is heat stable and non‐clottable, and disappears gradually when no D+E‐antigenic fractions are left, as the final 24 h E‐fraction develops. It is easily distinguished from the latter in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and, due to its higher molecular weight, by Sephadex G 200 column chromatography. The first D‐antigenic fragments appear contemporary with the first E‐antigenic fragments. Early and intermediate D‐antigenic fractions exhibit electrophoretic mobilities in crossed agarose electrophoresis different from that of the late D‐fraction. After sustained digestion fragments with partial D‐antigenicity develop.
Ultrastructural Studies of Platelet ‘Activation’ and Aggregation in Normal Spleen from Different Species
Authors: ELGJO RAGNA FØLLING , HOVIG TORSTEIN
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural studies of immersion fixed specimens of spleen from dogs, rabbits and mice were carried out in order to explore morphologically platelet storage and destruction.

In normal spleen from non‐treated animals in all species loose platelet aggregates were found in the sinusoids, whereas only single platelets were found in the Billroth cords. Both single and aggregated platelets showed morphological evidence of alterations with shape changes, pseudopod formation, and centralization and occasional loss of organelles. Administration of heparin, epinephrine and platelet antiserum appeared to increase the tendency of platelet aggregation.

Macrophage phagocytosis of platelets could be demonstrated, but presence of identifiable platelets within vacuoles of the cells was not a frequent finding. Studies of aortic and splenic vein platelets revealed slight morphological differences, as the latter were more irregular in shape than the aortic platelets. Lower values of platelet serotonin were found in splenic vein than aortic blood, but platelet counts, aggregation ability, and electrophoretic mobility revealed no significant differences. It is concluded that the platelets in the spleen morphologically show evidence of ‘activation’, and that they are partly stored as loosely packed aggregates. This was, however, not reflected by the functional tests carried out.
The Effect of Vinblastine and Demecolcine on Circulating Megakaryocytes in Adult Rats
Authors: PEDERSEN N. TINGGAARD
Published: August 2010

The effect of intravenous injection of vinblastine and demecolcine on the number of circulating megakaryocytes in the inferior vena cava was investigated in female rats. The count was in each case significantly higher than in the controls, and significantly higher in the vinblastine series than in the demecolcine series. The number of circulating megakaryocytes with copious cytoplasm was greater in the vinblastine series (53 %) than in the control series (37 %).

The blood platelet count was strongly affected by vinblastine with a maximum fall to 50 % in the course of 24 h, about 9 days elapsing before the original level was re‐established; demecolcine did not affect the number of circulating blood platelets.
Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease: Results Obtained by Individualized Treatment Using Radiotherapy and Cytostatics
Authors: ANDERSEN E. , CHRISTENSEN B. EGELUND , VIDEBÆK Aa.
Published: August 2010

45 patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated by local radiotherapy and/or one or more of the following cytostatics: chlornaphazine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, vinblastine, and chlormethine. It is stressed that much more detailed information about the disease in each individual patient than is usually given is needed to make groups of patients comparable. Therefore, details concerning the course of the disease, including its initial stage, progression to a more advanced stage, periods with demonstrable lymphomas, duration of remissions, radiotherapy, and cytostatic treatment, are shown for every single patient in a diagram.

The 5‐year survival for the entire group was 47 %. 31 patients were in retrospect classified as stage I or II. The 5‐year survival for this group was 57 %. For 14 patients initially classified as stage III or IV the survival was about 20 %. 82 % of the patients went into complete remission. The mean total duration of complete remission was 50.3 months.

Forty patients received cytostatic treatment by one or more of the above‐mentioned cytostatics, always given as single‐drug therapy. The 4‐year survival after start of treatment was 29 %. 73 % of the patients receiving cytostatics went into complete remission. Total duration of complete remission (i.e. complete disappearance of lymphomas) after initiation of cytostatic treatment was 22.9 months.

Combination chemotherapy might be superior to single‐drug therapy, but comparison of groups treated in different ways is almost impossible because of the differences in selecting patients for treatment.
The Cytology of Spleen Aspiration in Uncomplicated Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Berg Bertel , Ståhl Eva , Söderström Nils
Published: August 2010

Fine needle spleen aspirates from 18 cases of uncomplicated polycythaemia vera, 9 of which had splenomegaly, were scrutinized in retrospect. Only in one of these specimens were a few normoblasts and myelocytes found; in the remaining 17 cases no trace of myeloid metaplasia could be detected. The only conspicuous abnormality observed in this material was a very high number of platelets observed in most of the aspirates.
The Relation of Thrombokinetics to Bone Marrow Megakaryocytes and to the Size of the Spleen in Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Kutti Jack , Ridell Börje , Weinfeld Aleksander , Westin Jan
Published: August 2010

Platelet kinetics, volume of megakaryocytes per μl sternal bone marrow, and the volume of the spleen have been quantitated in 20 cases of untreated polycythaemia vera (PV). There was a very good relationship between platelet production rate and megakaryocyte volume/μl bone marrow. The results suggest that megakaryopoiesis in PV represents mainly an effective platelet production. The megakaryocyte volume/μl bone marrow was significantly related to the body platelet mass (p < 0.001), but its relationship to the peripheral platelet count was significant only at the 10 % level. This was due to altered platelet distribution caused by differences in spleen and blood volumes.

There was a negative relationship between platelet half‐life time (T 1/2) and spleen volume (0.10 > p > 0.05) suggesting that enlargement of the spleen as such influences platelet survival. A highly significant correlation between platelet production rate and spleen volume, as well as between body platelet mass and spleen volume was found. The influence of the spleen size on platelet kinetics in PV has been discussed.
On the Fine Structure and Aggregation Requirements of Gel Filtered Platelets (GFP)
Authors: Tangen O. , McKinnon E. L. , Berman H. J.
Published: August 2010

Hamster platelets separated from plasma by gel filtration (GFP) have been subjected to further studies:

(1) The intraplatelet organelles of the GFP as examined by the electron microscope have an appearance similar to those of platelets in plasma and of platelets washed by centrifugation (CP).

(2) The frequency of pseudopods exhibited by the GFP and platelets in PRP was significantly less than in the preparations of CP. However, GFP had more platelets with three or more pseudopods than did platelet left undisturbed in citrated plasma.

(3) Electron microscopy of the GFP during ADP‐induced aggregation showed these platelets to behave morphologically as PRP.

(4) The Ca++ and Mg++ requirements of GFP in ADP‐induced aggregation were similar to those reported earlier by other workers.

(5) Addition of fibrinogen to GFP was not required for ADP‐induced aggregation.

(6) Albumin stabilized the GFP so that the platelets remained responsive to ADP for at least 3 h after gel filtration.