bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the pathogenicity and control of Penicillium citrinum isolates affecting the white fungus Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Alzyadi Haneen Muhy Salman , Alhamiri Yasir naser  Hussein
Published: June 2023

Five isolates of Penicillium citrinumwere isolated from casing soils, copmpost and fruiting bodies of Agaricusbisporus from several culture stations in Iraq. According to the pathogenicity test, the highest percentage of inhibition was recorded for isolate P.citrinum(B1). The causal agent was molecularly diagnosed to the level of P. citrinumaccording to the nucleotide sequence analysis of the ITS genome region and it was recorded globally on the NCBI data base under the accission number ON738710.1.The effect of the hot aqueous extract of cloves and conocarpus, and the efficacy of the biocide VEROX on the production and phenotypic characteristics of the white edable fungus Agaricusbisporus was studied with the presence of the pathogenic fungus. The results showed that the treatment of the combination of plant extracts + biocide + pathogenic fungus led to the highest rate of growth inhibition of the pathogenic fungus, increasing number of fruiting bodies up to 435 compared to the control treatment of pathogenic fungus 140. The total yield of the same treatment was 16.398 kg compared to 3.343 kg in the control treatment, and the biological efficiency was recorded by 37.2% compared to 10.2% in the control treatment. In general, this combination led to an increase in production and an improvement in the qualitative characteristics of the fruiting bodies, as the average diameter of the cap was 40.6 mm and the stalk length was 37.3 mm compared to 27.8 mm and 23.5 mm in the control treatment, respectively.
The rooting capacity of red tip photinia; Photinia × fraseri hardwood cuttings under the effects of cutting time and IBA concentration
Authors: Qadir Mashkhal Mohammed Amin , Hawramee Othman Kamil Aref
Published: June 2023

The experiment was conducted at the lath house in the nursery of Bakrajo Technical Institute campus, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Bakrajo, Sulaimani city, Iraq, during 2021-2022, in order to study the effect of the date of taking cuttings (October 15th, November 15th, and December 15th) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) concentration (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg. L-1) on rooting, some vegetative and root growth characteristics of red tip photinia, Photinia x fraseri. A two-factor experiment was carried out according to a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that the cuttings taken on November 15th were significantly superior in most of the studied parameters; rooting percentage (10.0%), shoot length (7.00 cm), number of shoots per plant (1.0), number of leaves per plant (5.0), average leaf area (21.07 cm2), shoot fresh weight (1.32 g), shoot dry weight (0.39 g), shoot diameter (1.95 mm), longest root (7.33 cm), average root number per plant (1.67), root fresh weight (0.55 g) and root dry weight (0.20 g). While, IBA at 6000 mg. L-1 caused significant differences in most of the previously mentioned parameters, giving the values 43.33%, 25.67, 1.67, 15.33, 77.28, 13.61, 5.39, 4.31, 27.33, 6.33, 2.48, and 0.71 respectively. Additionally, the interaction between the three cutting times; (October, November and December) and four concentrations of IBA; (0, 2000, 4000, 6000 mg. L-1), the interaction of concentration 6000 mg. L-1 of IBA and the date November 15th showed significant superiority in all studied parameters.
Evaluation of the performance of some cultivars of Faba Bean Vicia faba L. under different levels of phosphorus
Authors: Algraishi Ali Hussein Alwan , Alogaidi Faez Fayad Mohammed
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was carried out during winter season of 2021-2022 to study growth and yield performance of four faba bean cultivars (lo-cal, Spanish, Dutch and New Zealand) and evaluate their performance under three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1). The experiment was applied in split plot design with three replications. results showed highly significant effects of fertilization on all measured traits, as the third level (160 kg ha-1) superior in all measured traits, and gave plant dry weight (171.33 g) and seed yield (4.403 Mg ha-1). local cultivar was superior in traits: plant height, total phosphorus content, phosphorus use efficiency and plant dry weight. As for New Zealand cultivar excelled in: number of branches, number of leaves, and phosphorus concentration in shoot. while Spanish cultivar was superior in total seed yield (5.295 Mg ha-1).
Tingkat Keterampilan Bermain Sepak Takraw Peserta Ekstrakurikuler di SMP Negeri 2 Satap Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar
Authors: Husain Syaiful , Ferawati  , Munandar Wahyu , Rusli Kurnia
Published: June 2023

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei. Hasil penelitian tingkat keterampilan bermain sepak takraw peserta ekstrakurikuler sepak takraw pada siswa SMP Negeri 24 Satap  Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar dengan kategori baik sekali sebanyak 0 (0%) dan kategori baik sebanyak 5 orang dengan persentase 15,2% dan kategori sedang 19 orang dengan predikat 57,6% dan predikat kurang sebanyak 9 orang dengan persentase 27,3% dan kategori kurang sekali 0 (0%).
ساب وتحليل كمية الإشعاع الشمسي الكلي الساقط على السطح الأفقي لكلية العلوم زليتن باستخدام نوعين لوحدات القدرة المستقبلة (السليكون والكادميوم تليرايت)
Authors: الغويل عبد الباسط محمد , عمار محمد سالم
Published: June 2023

هذه الدراسة تتضمن حساب كمية الإشعاع الشمسي الكلية الساقط على السطح الأفقي للألواح الشمسية المجهزة للقدرة والموضوعة على سطح قبة كلية العلوم زليتن لوحدة المساحة والتي يمكن تطبيقها على أرض الواقع بهدف استخدام ألواح الخلايا الفوتوفولتائية للحصول على الطاقة الكهربائية اللازمة لتغذية الأحمال المطلوبة وحسب الاحتياج نتيجة استهلاك الطاقة المطلوبة لهذه الأحمال والتي تم افتراضه (W 300) ولنوعين مختلفين من وحدات القدرة الشمسية المستقبلة (السليكون أو الكادميوم تليرايت)، حيث تم الاعتماد على بيانات الحالة الجوية من القمر الاصطناعي من درجة الحرارة والرطوبة النسبية والغبار والغيوم للفترة من 2112/1/1 إلى 2112/1/1 والمأخوذة من محطة أرصاد (PVGIS( للمنطقة تحت الدراسة (كلية العلوم زليتن) الواقعة على خط الطول (East "48'14°30) شرقا ودائرة العرض )North "59'32°29) شمالا، وبأخذ قراءات متعددة ومختلفة لاستخدام منظومة متتبعة الاثر الشمسي من عدمها وباستخدام الزاوية المثلى لسقوط الاشعة الشمسية على الموقع بينت النتائج المتحصل عليها من هذه الدراسة مدى معدل كمية الإشعاع الشمسي ذات الوفرة العالية والذي يعمل على تشغيل الدوائر الكهربائية التي تربط فيها الأحمال بحيث تكون هذه المنظومة تعمل بالقدرة الفوتوفولتائية المتحررة من مجموعة مجهزات القدرة المتوفرة لنوع واحد من مجهزات وحدات القدرة حتى يمكن معرفة كيفية توصيلها لتعمل على تجهيز المنظومة بفولتية وتيار مناسبين لتشغيل المنظومة بشكل مثالي
دراسة تأثير درجة حرارة الامتصاص وفاعلية المبادل الحراري للمحلول على أداء منظومة تبريد امتصاصي أحادية المفعول بروميد الليثيوم- ماء
Authors: عبدالدائم محمد أبوالقاسم البشير , الغول فاطمة محمد أحمد
Published: June 2023

منظومات التبريد الامتصاصي تعمل بالحرارة ذات المستوي المنخفض وتتوفر بتقنيات امتصاص متعددة واستخدامها يمثل خيارا بيئيا واقتصاديا بديلا لمنظومات التبريد الأنضغاطية الشائعة الاستعمال، من جانب أخر منظومات التبريد الامتصاصي لها معاملات أداء متدنية وهذا جعلها مجال اهتمام المختصين لغرض الكشف والتعرف على معايير التشغيل المؤثرة عليها، تقدم هذه الورقة دراسة نظرية لمنظومة تبريد امتصاصي أحادية المفعول تعمل بزوج )بروميد الليثيوم-ماء( وتهدف إلى التعرف على تأثير درجة حرارة الامتصاص وفاعلية المبادل الحراري للمحلول على أدائها، أجريت هذه الدراسة باستخدام قيم متغيرة لدرجة حرارة الماص عند ضغط سفلي ثابت وقيم مختارة ومحددة لفاعلية المبادل الحراري للمحلول، أوضحت النتائج المتحصل عليها أن خفض درجة حرارة الماص عند ضغط سفلى ثابت يقلل من تركيز المحلول الضعيف، وأوضحت أيضا أن أفضل معاملات الأداء للمنظومة المقترحة تتحقق عند مستوى الضغط العلوي الأول وباستخدام درجة حرارة تكثيف منخفضة تحقق التبريد الدوني ومساوية لدرجة حرارة الامتصاص، كما أوضحت أن رفع فاعلية المبادل الحراري للمحلول يحسن من معامل أداء المنظومة المقترحة.
Switch Search Direction Algorithm versus GN and LM Parameter Estimation Algorithms in Modeling Inverse Heat Transfer Problem
Authors: Alkhwaji Abdusalam
Published: June 2023

The SSDPE method is a robust parameter estimation technique which minimizes the error. Modeling inverse heat transfer is estimating values of parameters of a mathematical model from measured data. A governing differential equation, its boundary and initial conditions are used to derive the solution, and then the solution is coupled with an efficient parameter estimation algorithm to search for the unknown thermal parameters. The SSDPE technique was developed to couple with a Green’s function solution of a biological system to estimate three unknown parameters [1]. A Green’s function solution is combined from superimposing all finite effects caused by the applied forcing function; such as, step-, ramp-, or pulsed- function. The common nonlinear least squares techniques are hard or impossible to couple with this kind of nonlinear discontinued solution.  The preciseness of a parameter estimation technique can be measured from its ability to minimize the random noise effect on the estimated results. Therefore, the SSDPE is compared with two known methods. The three techniques are investigated with different levels of random noise added on top of the simulated measured data. This paper validates the ability of the SSDPE to estimate parameters by testing the method versus the Gauss-Newton, and the Levenberg Marquardt estimation techniques.
A Review To Some Properties of Semiperfect and Quasi- Frobenius Rings
Authors: Leghwel Abdurzak M
Published: June 2023

In [15] Ikeda showed that a ring R is left and right mininjective and left and right Artinian if and only if it is quasi-Frobenius. In [33] Utumi proved that any left and right continuous and left and right Artinian ring is quasi-Frobenius. In [7], Camillo and Yousif generalized Ikeda’s and Utumi’s result as a left and right continuous ring with ascending chain condition on left annihilators is quasi- Frobenius ring. It is natural to ask whether Faith’s or Camillo and Yousif ’s results can be extended to semiperfect CS-rings. However, it is a result of G´omez Pardo and Guil Asensio [29] that every right Kasch, right CS-ring has a finitely generated essential right socle, but it is unknown weather a right Kasch right CS-ring is always semiperfect [31]. In this paper, we review and prove some properties on Kasch and quasi-Frobenius rings which is related to these results.
MODELING OF CONTROLLED DC MOTOR WITH A CHOPPER CIRCUIT
Authors: Elbkosh Abdulmajed
Published: June 2023

To design a control system for any system, it is required to model the system's dynamic behaviour. The modeling and analysis of these systems can be either numerical or analytical. This paper studies the analytical methods of modeling DC motors mainly continuous-time averaging technique and discrete-time approach. It shows that the discrete-time approach provides clear expressions representing the operation of DC motors and thus can help designers gain a better understanding of the performance of the motor. The results are shown using numerical simulations.
التحقيق المعملي لفصل أكاسيد النيتروجين من خليط الغازات باستخدام الامتزاز على الحجر الجيري والمارل
Authors: ابراهيم هشام جهاد , عكاشة علي يوسف , المشرقي محمد عبد السلام , الأطرش مختار سالم
Published: June 2023

نشاطية وأداء التربة المحلية (الحجر الجيري )LS( والمارل )M(( لإزالة أكاسيد النيتروجين بانبعاثات المداخن الصناعية قد  ُدرست معملياً باستخدام مفاعل المهد الثابت عند درجات حرارة ثابتة (33، 03، 03 و 03 درجة مئوية). حيث تم تفعيل  المواد الماّزة الخام عند درجة حرارة 033 درجة مئوية مكونة أكاسيد الفلز ومن ثم ترطيبها بالماء مما يؤدي إلى إنتاج  الهيدروكسيدات  والتيت ُّكِون  المواقع  النشطة  على  الحشوات  المستخدمة  بالاختبارات.  أظهرت  النتائج  أن  سعة  الإزالة (الامتزاز) للحشوات ترتبط بشكل وثيق بمحتواها من أكسيد الكالسيوم، حيث أن سعة الإزالة تزداد بزيادة كل من محتوى  اكسيد الكالسيوم وارتفاع درجة الحرارة حيث تكون الحشوات ذات تركيب هيكلي أكثر مسامية وفعالية أكبر في التقاط  أكاسيد النيتروجين. تراوحت السعة القصوى لمواد الامتزاز بوحدات مجم(NOx)/جم(LS) ما بين 3.0.2-1..10 للتراكيز  الابتدائية  233-233.  مجم(NOx)/م3  على  خام  الحجر  الجيري  المنُشط.  في  حين  أنها  تراوحت  ما  بين  59.842-3.230  مجم(NOx)/جم(M) للتراكيز الابتدائية 233-233. مجم(NOx)/م3 على خام المارل المنشط، وقد لوحظ وجود كميات ضئيلة من Fe2O3 بتلك الترب والذي كان لها تأثير إيجابي على أداء الحشوات في عملية الامتزاز. كما كان نموذج لانجموير  لعملية الامتزاز متطابق بشكل جيد مع النتائج المعملية أكثر من نموذج فراندليش. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن كل من تربة  الحجر الجيري وتربة المارل يمكن اعتبارها من المواد الاقتصادية ومنخفضة الثمن وذات كفاءة عالية لالتقاط انبعاثات أكاسيد النيتروجين من انبعاثات المداخن الصناعية باستخدام المهد الثابت.
A New Class of Rectangular Distribution Properties and Application
Authors: Bleed Salma Omar
Published: June 2023

In  this  article,  we  generalize  the  Rectangular  distribution  using  the  quadratic  rank  transmutation map studied by Shaw and Buckley (2007) to develop a transmuted Rectangular  distribution.  The  expectation,  variance,  moments,  reliability  function,  hazard  rate  function,  Cumulative Hazard function, the moment generating function, and the characteristic function  of the new distribution are provided. In addition, the model parameters are estimated by the  maximum likelihood method. Finally, an application to generated data sets is illustrated.
Controlling Mechanical Processes in a Modern House (Smart House)
Authors: Al-khwaji Abdusalam , Sharf Abdusalam , Hawal Abdallah , Ben  Najim Saleh
Published: June 2023

Comfort, Security and safety are very important factors to consider during design of a modern  house. In fact, automated houses (smart houses) have great impact in maintaining healthy lifestyle  and  minimize  energy  usages.  Maintaining  all  house  processes  in  preciseness,  accurately,  and  repeatedly  manner  are  very  crucial  to  achieve  our  goal.  Human  comforts  and  safety  require  monitoring each sub-dynamic system that is in a daily routine and during 24-hours. As an example of  common  domestic  controlled  processes  are  watering  garden,  opening/closing doors,  lighting,  fire- alarms,  safety-alarms,  and  air-condition.  Without  automation  these  processes  that  will  require  a  responsible person to accomplish each task in a reputable schedule- time. The fact is that rarely one  has time to do all of his/her house work or maybe another case where a disable resident needs help  to maintain these mentioned processes.  

This research paper covers an available and easy way for everyone to automate his/her house  using  an  affordable  technique  which  makes  use  of  small  microcontroller  called  Arduino.  The  development of smart house, which can automatically open/close doors, watering garden, maintain  security (alarm from dangerous), lighting during dark-time, controlling air-condition and display the  results in an LCD screen. Feedback signals from each of the mentioned five close-loop control system  are collected by the corresponding sensing methods. Soil-wetness, Ultrasonic-distance, Photocells,  electronic thermometer are used as feedback measurement instruments, which were used to control  each  of  the  home-process.  All  the  controlling  processes  and  steps  were  coded  and  uploaded  to  Arduino- UNO.
التقييم المالي وادارة التكلفة في المشاريع الهندسية
Authors: الاعوج عبدالقادر محمد
Published: June 2023

ان اولى خطوات النجاح في المشروع الهندسي هي مدى قدرة ادارته علي تحديد وتقدير احتياجاته المالية وفي مراحله المختلفة والتي تمثل تكلفة المشروع، حيث لابد من تحديد هذه الاحتياجات بواقعية لا يبالغ فيها بالزيادة فيبقى بعد نهاية المشروع لديه فائض من المال معطل تشكل مبالغ غير مستثمرة، او يكون التقدير اقل من الواقع الذي يمثل احتياجات المشروع المالية فيوقع المشروع في صعوبات وعجوزات مالية تسبب في تعثر التنفيذ والاخلال بالجدول الزمني، وتدخل التكلفة وقد تكون من العوامل المهمة والرئيسية في التقييم المالي للمشروع.لأهمية التكاليف بالمشروع وتقييمه ماليا تطلب ذلك وجود نظام لإدارة التكاليف بشكل المناسب يختص بتجميع وتصنيف وتحليل للتكاليف بالمشروع وعرضها علي متخذي القرارات لمتابعة اى انحرافاته قد تحدث وتصحيحها في الوقت المبكر تفاديا لاى زيادة عن التكلفة المرصدة والمخطط لها بالميزانية المعتمدة، واختيار المشروع الافضل والانسب من ضمن الخيارات المقترحة
لا وجود لدليل على حقيقة التقلبات الكمومية الفراغية
Authors: بن قبلية سالم محمد
Published: June 2023

في علم الكونيات يتم ادخال التقلبات الكمومية الفراغية كخلق وفناء أزواج الجسيمات و ضديداتها في الفراغ و كطاقة نقطة الصفر لحالة الفراغ لتفسير أصل المادة و الطاقة في الكون وتركيب الكون، و لتسهم  في الثابت الكوني Λ. في كلتا الحالتين يشار لظاهرة لامب، العزم المغناطيسي الشاذ للإلكترون، و ظاهرة كازيمر كأدلة حاسمة على حقيقة التقلبات الفارغية للمجالات الكمومية. على النقيظ من ذلك تعتبر ظاهرة لامب و العزم المغناطيسي الشاذ للالكترون كنتائج لمساهمات من الرتب العليا في التفاعلات بين الجسيمات و ليس لها علاقة بالفراغ في حد ذاته. ظاهرة كازيمر أيضا يمكن صياغتها وحساب قوة  كازيمر دون الرجوع لطاقة نقطة الصفر للفراغ، باعتبارها قوة كمومية نسبوية بين شحن و تيا ارت. كل الأدلة السابقة هي مظاهر ناشئة عن كينونات أخرى غير الفراغ، و بالتالي لا وجود لدليل تجريبي لحقيقة التقلبات الفراغية الكمومية. نظريا يتم تقديم التقلبات الكمومية الفارغية كنتيجة لنظرية المجال الكمية. في حين أنه لا يوجد في نظرية المجال الكمية مخططات فاينمان تصف خلق و فناء زوج من الجسيمات في الفراغ، بينما يتم التخلص من طاقة نقطة الصفر بإجراء الترتيب الطبيعي لتكون النظرية قابلة للتطبيق.
Five Agile Methods in Software Development: A Review Paper
Authors: Abdala Tarek Mosbah , Barka Ali Ahmed
Published: June 2023

The selection of a software development methodology is vital activity in any software project. It has a great impact on customer satisfaction and business welfare. Normally the selection is based on experience or in some cases a rational. This paper provides an overview of the agile methods, and describes comparative studies where analysis and comparison of methodologies has been carried out. Then a comparative study is described which was carried out on five agile methods in order to address the question ‘what is an agile method’? The objective to this paper to describe the five agile methods: SSM , DSDM ,Lean , Merise and Euromethod Methods. The results provide an analysis of the properties common to agile methods, the differences between the methods, the unique properties peculiar to agile methods, and provide an understanding of appropriate method combinations.
Liquid Level Control System with arduino Uno and Labview
Authors: AlArga Ahmed Salem Daw
Published: June 2023

The control of the level of liquids inside the tanks is urgently needed by a lot of industrial applications, because it is very important in the success of the productive cycle in industrial fields.This paper aims to design a liquid level control system in a tank in terms of (height and low), by controlling the tank filling pump as well as controlling the fluid discharge valve by setting the user to the set points that determine the level of fluid required within the tank, through the control panel (front panel), where the minimum level and highest level of liquid has been set, So that the liquid does not rise from the top level and the same for the minimum level. The actual value of the liquid level inside the reservoir is compared with the control points using the Arduino Uno controller, liquid level are sensed inside the tank by using the ultrasonic sensor and send those signals to the arduino controller to issue the appropriate command of the pump and valve in terms of opening and closing.The Labview program was used to write the code for the control system as well as to load the code on the Arduino Uno microcontroller and to run the system in practice. The actual level of the liquid was actually was sensed and displayed on the control panel in the Labview program, where running the pump and valve in different cases in suitable time.
A pilot study on Open Educational Resources and experiential carried out by higher education in Libya
Authors: Abughres Wael S. , Mgheder Mohamed A. , Albhbah Atia M.
Published: June 2023

Open Educational Resources (OER) is simple but powerful educational materials made freely and legally availableon the Internet for anyone to reuse, revise, and redistribute. These materials have the potential to give people everywhere equal access to our collective knowledge and provide many more people around the world with access to quality education by making lectures, books and curricula widely available on the Internet. In this paper a brief history of OER is stated and then Creative Commons Licenses are explained and finally the steps to implement OER in Libya are outlined.
CO2 miscible flooding for Aswad Oil Field
Authors: Almagrbi Abdualnaser , Abdelsadeg Nouredeen , Alhebshy Ali A. , Muftah Ahmed , Almabrouk Moataz A.
Published: June 2023

The current renewed interest on research and development of EOR processes and their oilfield implementation would allow targeting significant volumes of oil accumulations that have been left behind in mature reservoirs after primary and secondary oil recovery operations.During the life of a producing oil field, several production stages are encountered. Initially, when a field is brought into production, oil flows naturally to the surface due to existing reservoir pressure in the primary phase. As reservoir pressure drops, water is typically injected to boost the pressure to displace the oil in the secondary phase. Lastly, the remaining oil can be recovered by a variety of means such as CO2 injection, natural gas miscible injection, and steam recovery in the final tertiary or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) phase.The main parameter for determination of the possibilities to enhance oil recovery by e.g. CO2 injection into a specific oil field is the measurement of Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP). This pressure is the lowest pressure for which a gas can obtain miscibility through a multi contact process with a given oil reservoir at the reservoir temperature. The oil formation to which the process is applied must be operated at or above the MMP. And we obtained by using PVTi software.The objective of this paper is to check if the Aswad field is suited for the application of CO2 miscible flooding and to see how much the recovery factor will increase after applying this EOR technique and to obtain the best WAG ratio and injection rate.
كفاءة وفعالية الأنظمة الحيوية المتعددة السمات
Authors: الاسود د. عبدالمنعم عمر , المنتصر د. هلال هدية
Published: June 2023

تستند تقنية السمات الحيوية على مبدأ قياس وفحص السمات (الصفات) الحيوية (البيولوجية) للأفراد،￼ واستخلاص الميزات الفريدة من هذه البيانات ومن ثم مقارنتها مع مجموعة النماذج المخزنة في قاعدة بيانات النماذج الحيوية. وتسمى هذه الصفات البيولوجية الفريدة السمات الحيوية ويمكن أن تكون واحدة من نوعين - سمات فسيولوجية وسمات سلوكية.ترتبط السمات الفسيولوجية بشكل الجسم بينما ترتبط السمات السلوكية بأنماط السلوك لدى الأفراد. وتشمل السمات الحيوية الفسيولوجية بصمات الأصابع والوجه والقزحية وتضاريس اليد وما إلى ذلك، بينما تشمل السمات السلوكية خصائص مثل المشية والصوت وإيقاع الكتابة وما إلى ذلك.ويتوقف اختيار سمة حيوية معينة لاستخدامه في تطبيق معين على عوامل مختلفة مثل الشمولية، والدوام، والتفرد، وقابلية القياس، والأداء، وما إلى ذلك. وهو يعتمد أيضا على ملاءمة التطبيق، فقد تكون بعض السمات الحيوية أكثر ملاءمة لتطبيق معين يعتمد على الراحة والأمن. ومع ذلك، فمن المستبعد جدا أن تكون السمة الحيوية الواحدة قادرة على تلبية جميع متطلبات جميع التطبيقات.
A NEW CMOS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CONVEYOR SECOND GENERATION (CCII)
Authors: SHAKTOUR MAHMOUD AHMED , ABUBRIG FATHI OMAR , OKASHA AlAA YOUSEF
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the current conveyors used as a basic building block in a variety of electronic circuit in instrumentation and communication systems. Today thesesystems are replacing the conventional Op-amp in so many applications such as active filters, analog signal processing. Current conveyors are unity gain active building block having high linearity, wide dynamic range and provide higher gain bandwidthThe proposed current conveyors are simulated using TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology on Advanced Design System and the results are also tabulated for comparison. The main features of these current conveyors are low voltage, less power, high slew rate and wide bandwidth for voltage transfer (Vy to Vx) and current transfer (Ix to Iz) which make them suitable for high frequency and low power applications.
Comparative Study between Shunt Active Filter and Hybrid Filter
Authors: Saleem MOHAMED Muftah
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an comparative study between shunt active filter and shunt hybrid filter based on configuration system and harmonic isolation. The harmonic isolator isbased on Self Tuning Filters (STF) (it can be tuned at any frequency). The study of the active filter control is divided in two parts. The first part deals with the harmonic isolator which generates the harmonic reference currents. The second part focuses on the generation of the switching pattern of the IGBTs of the inverter by the modulated hysteresis current controller. The studied hybrid active filter consists of an active filter and three phase tuned LC filters for 7th harmonic frequency. The nonlinear load is a diode rectifier feeding a (R, C) parallel load. The use of STF's simplifies the control scheme by reducing the number of extraction filters. The use of STFs instead of classical extraction filters allows extracting directly the voltage and current fundamental components. The effectiveness of this study has been verified by computer simulation and comparing the results.
Flow Based Intrusion Detection System Using Multistage Neural Network
Authors: Abuadlla Yousef , Ben Taher Omran , Elzentani Hesham
Published: June 2023

With the rapid expansion of computer networks during the past decade, security has become a crucial issue for computer systems. And to keep security at highest level, there is an increasing need for effective security monitors such as Network Intrusion Detection System to prevent such illicit. In the recent years many researchers focus their hard work on this field using different approaches to build dependable intrusion detection systems. One of these approaches is Flow-based intrusion detection systems that rely on aggregated network traffic flows. In this paper, Multistage Neural Network intrusion detection system based on aggregated flow data is proposed for detecting and classifying attacks in network traffic. The proposed system detects significant changes in the traffic that could be a possible attack in the first stage of neural network, while the second stage has the ability to recognize an attack, to differentiate one attack from another i.e. classifying attack, and the most important, to detect new attacks with high detection rate and low false negative. Two different neural network structures with the use of different training algorithms have been used in our proposed Intrusion Detection System. The experimental results show that the designed system is promising in terms of accuracy and low probability of false alarms, where the overall accuracy classification rate average is equal to 99.25%.
Estimating global , direct , diffuse and reflected solar radiation on horizontal and tilted surfaces in Tripoli , Libya
Authors: AlNuaimi Ali. S. , Elmabrouk Tarig
Published: June 2023

Solar energy occupies one of the most important types of renewable energy sources . It is the energy provide by the sun .Solar radiation data are fundamental inputs for solar energy applications , such as photovoltaic , and solar thermal systems . The design of a solar energy conversion system requires knowledge regarding the availability of global solar radiation and its component at the location of interest
A Solar System for Heating and Cooling a House in Misurata
Authors: Ben-Naser Abdusalam M.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work is to design a cooling and heating system that works with solar energy for a 175 m2house located in Misurata. At the beginning of this study, the weather data was collected in order to choose the proper two days for designing the system. Then the cooling and heating loads for the house were calculated. The amount of solar incident radiation on the flat plate solar collector at the two design days was determined mathematically. Also in this study, the area of the flat plate collector that required to cover the heating and cooling loads was found in cases of using single and double-glazed flat plat collectors. The proper size of hot and chilled water tanks for this system was also determined. If the solar system cannot provide adequate space heating and cooling, an auxiliary or back-up system provides the additional heat. Finally, the collector efficiency curve for a single and double-glazed was found. After writing the proper code for the calculations. Microsoft excel was used to analyze the data and to produce the curves.
Ultrasound Study of Hydatid Cysts in Various Age Groups and Gender; A Public Health Problem - Libyan Profile
Authors: Abuhajar Ramadan M.
Published: June 2023

Purpose of study: hydatid disease is a serious problem in Libya. The aim of this study was to describe this problem in Zliten city as a part of Libyan profile. Materials and method: this study conducted on referred 1065 patients to radiology department in the hospital for ultrasound examination, including various age groups during the period of 12 months, from January 2017 to January 2018. Result: total examined patients were 1065; males were 504 (47%) and females were 561 (53%) patients. From 1065 examined patients found 7 patients were affected with hydatid disease. Conclusion: hydatid disease in Libya is a public health problem. We described the problem by use of ultrasound examination for referred patients to the hospital. We found 7(0.66%) patients got infection with hydatid cysts from 1065 examined patients. The highest rate of infection was in the middle age group and higher in females than males similar to the literature studies.
سياسة التكامل بين النسيج الحظري ذو القيمة التاريخية مع النسيج الحظري الحديث (دراسة نقدية لتقييم تجربتي باريس وحلب واستيعابهما في سياسات تنمية المدن الليبية)
Authors: الزابط طارق رمضان , الشطيح الهادي علي , سنان لطفي علي , بن ضو سعاد سالم
Published: June 2023

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ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF RHAZYA STRICTA PLANT RESIDUE ON RAPHANUS SATIVUS (RADISH)
Authors: Abad Salma Mohammad
Published: June 2023

This study was designed to investigate the allelopathic potential of Rhazya stricta on Raphanus sativus using laboratory bioassay and greenhouse pot experiment. In laboratory bioassay, aqueous extract of R. stricta showed inhibitory effect on R. sativus seedling growth particularly at the high concentrations. The germination percentages were not significantly affected. Results in greenhouse pot experiment showed that the residue of R. stricta showed inhibitory effect on root length, dry weight and root to shoot length ratio of R. sativus especially at the high concentrations at different ages. The Rhazya residue showed positive effects on the photosynthetic pigments of R. sativus particularly on the carotenoids and chlorophyll a/b ratio at different ages. A significant increase in nitrogen content of R. sativus including total amount of free amino acid, soluble and insoluble nitrogen and crude protein was prominent at the early growth stage especially at the high concentrations. The Rhazya residue inhibited the contents of soluble nitrogen of R. sativus in the late growth stage. The results of RAPD-DNA profiles showed significant effect of Rhazya residue on R. sativus plant from where variation in band intensity, disappearance of bands, and appearance of new PCR product.
VALADATING QUALITY SYSTEM FRAMEWORK THROUGH PREIMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES IN LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES
Authors: Shokshok Mostafa Ahmed , Abu Khrais Omran Ali
Published: June 2023

This paper covers in detail the validation of the designed quality culture framework, implementation flowchart and self-assessment. The validation procedures are based on the findings from literature review, questionnaire survey, and face-to-face interviews. These sources of information were the base for development of the QMS framework, implementation flow chart, and self-assessment questions. By using the self-assessment questions, Libyan companies can evaluate their QMS status, and they can decide which part of the implementation flowchart they start with. The validation of the framework is conducted with foreign manufacturing companies and Libyan quality experts. Through discussions and rework of the designed body of the quality culture framework, the implementation flowchart and the self-assessment, the involved experts agreed to start the implantation of the framework proposed. The final validation processes of the framework will be conducted through six months implementation in five Libyan manufacturing companies. Once the final validation had been conducted, it will be visible if the framework operates in improving the company's QMS status.
The Cubic Bezier-Ball Like curve with Shape Parameters
Authors: Ibrahim Asma , Albergail Nadia
Published: June 2023

In this paper the basic spotlight is construct new cubic basis functions to generate rational cubic Bezier-Ball Like curve with two shape parameters. The current study the Bezier-Ball Like curve analogous to cubic Bezier curve, Ball curve, and Timmer curve at specific value of shape parameters. The shape of the curve can be modified by change the value of shape parameters and weights. In  this work the Arabic font can be represented using Bezier-Ball Like curve.
VALIDATION OF QUALITY CULTURE FRAMEWORK PROPOSED FOR LIBYAN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES: LEADERSHIP VARIABLE
Authors: Shokshok Mostafa Ahmed
Published: June 2023

The paper validates the Leadership variable of the quality management system (QMS) framework proposed for Libyan manufacturing companies. Five Libyan companies participated in the validation process, and followed the implementation process for a period of six months. Self-assessment had been designed based on literature reviews and author previous researches. Pre-implementation leadership values obtained in this study less than 50% of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award scores (MBNQA), these scores reflect the need to concentrate on both senior leadership and governance and societal responsibilities to improve the leadership criterion. The leadership values obtained six months after-implementation ranges from 33 to 58%. Four companies have an effective systematic approach which is responsive to the basic requirements of the leadership item, and their position in leadership item is equivalent to companies who are in the early stages of deployment. Meanwhile, one company has an effective systematic approach which is well developed and responsive to the requirements of leadership item.
Impact of acute stress on macrophage and NK cells in vaccinated Wistar albino rats with recombinant hepatitis-B vaccine
Authors: Lmrabet Ashur , Reki Winarto , Dharmana Edi , Pudjonarko Dwi
Published: June 2023

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global concern health problem. Vaccination with Hepatitis B vaccine is the most efficient way to prevent the infection. Acute Stress may act as an effective adjuvant to increase the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. Objectives: To measure the impact of acute-stress on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccinated rats. Methods: Pretest-Posttest control group design was conducted using animal models (24 Wistar Albino male rats). These were allocated into 4 vaccine groups: one period of acute-stress (X1), two periods of acute-stress (X2) and two groups control (C1, C2). Subsequent the adaption period, rats were given the hepatitis B vaccine. Results: Data showed that two periods of acute-stress combined with two doses of vaccine led to an increase of macrophage number (%) and macrophage phagocytosis index (%). The macrophage number was (0.51 ± 0.038 in C2 and (0.90 ± 0.025) in X2, (p = 0.001). The macrophage phagocytosis index was (3.42 (3.21 – 3.90) in C2 and (5.75 (5.57 – 6.81) in X2, (p = 0.004). While, NK cells in vaccinated rats showed no response to acute stress. Conclusion: Acute-stress acts as vaccine adjuvant and has postive effects, particularly on macrophage cells.
Investigation of the Genus Anisakis Among Atlantic Chub Mackerels (Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789) in Tripoli's Main Fish Markets, Libya
Authors: L. E Mansour , W. M Elmeghirbi , A. A Atia , M. B Jalal , E. H Al-Khallab , S. M Saleh , E. KH Gerish
Published: June 2023

Parasitism is a common incident in the marine environment and all species of fish are susceptible to being infested by various parasites. Thousands of parasitic species of fish are described in adult or larval form, which mainly belong to the groups of protozoa, arthropods, plathihelminths (trematodes and cestodes) and nematohelminths (nematodes). Anisakidosis is a zoonosis caused by the intake of the nematode of the genus Anisakis in its third larval stage (L3). Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789), has great importance, both ecologically and economically in the Libya. From the economic point of view, it is possible to mean that Atlantic chub mackerel is the one of most abundant and frequent medium-sized pelagic species of fishing in the Libyan coastline. Atlantic chub mackerel is one of the most commercial significant species for the Libyan fishery. Consequently, in the period between 1st March to 28th April 2018, a total of 83 Atlantic chub mackerels were collected from two main fish markets in Tripoli, Libya to evaluate the parasitosis by infective larvae of the genus Anisakis spp. by the dissection method. Among the all examined fish, 15 (18.07%) were infested in the abdominal cavity with nematodes parasites, and identified as a third stage larvae, belonging to the Anisakis simples. Statistical analysis revealed there is no correlation between abundance of the infection by A. simplex with the host length. Furthermore, values of the infection intensity were significantly higher in the female of S. colias. However, this study indicates the need to continue efforts for in-depth investigate this metazoan parasite in different fish and cephalopod species in the coast of Tripoli, to represent the adequate risk of anisakidosis, and to alert the possible chance of the initial man case of anisakidosis in Libya, particularly among people who are more occupationally susceptible; like the fishmongers, fish processors, as well as to some residents population who prefer consume the raw or lightly cooked fish.
An Analysis Study of the impact of the main operating parameters on the ozone mass transfer rate in a Kenics Static Mixer Using the Steady State Back Flow Cell Model (BFCM)
Authors: Saad Mohamed. A. M , Elamari Abdullah. A. , Alshebani Awad , Altaher Faraj , Elmabrouk E. M.
Published: June 2023

The kenics static mixer (KMS) has been profoundly used in water and wastewater treatment processes, essentially in water ozonation for oxidation and disinfection purposes. since higher concentration of ozone is required, new contactors which operate efficiently at low gas/liquid ratio has been developed. The Kenics static mixer can fulfil these demands which lead to increase in the ozone mass transfer rate [1]. The main purpose of this paper is to use the steady state back flow cell model (BFCM) developed by Tizaoui and Zhang [1] so as to estimate the concentration profile of ozone in the liquid and the gas phases along the KMS.  The study also aim to develop a Matlab code for the BFCM of the static mixer.  Moreover, this research studied the effect of the main operating parameters: volumetric liquid mass transfer coefficient  ,the length of the Kenics static mixer, flow rate of water , and gas flow rate , back flow ratio and the temperature on ozone concentration profile in the gas and liquid phases  and  respectively along the height of the Kenics static mixer.
تقدير فيض الأشعة الكونية ومساهمتها في الجرعة الإشعاعّية الكلّيةفي مدينة زليتن
Authors: تريفيس عمران مفتاح
Published: June 2023

Cosmic radiation is one of the natural sources of radiation to which  human beings have always been exposed. The flux of cosmic rays at  the surface of the earth depends on altitude and longitude. In this 

work, the fluxes of the major components of cosmic rays in the city  of Zliten are calculated by the PARMA model by using the Excel- based program "EXPACS" version 4.09. The effective radiation dose  due to these components is also calculated using the same program.  The geographical latitude and longitude of the city of Zliten are used  as inputs to the program. The flux is found to depend on the type and  energy of the incident particle. The calculated total annual effective  does is found to be 0.28mSv/year. The obtained results can be used  to  correct  for  the  cosmic  ray  background  in  the  measurements  of  natural or artificial radiation dose.
السعة الحرارية والطاقة الداخلية لنظام فيري مغناطيسية مختلط من الرتبة ( 2 , 7/2)
Authors: اقنيبر محمد يوسف , فرحات عمر فرج , الغويل عبد الباسط محمد , القدار محمد رجب , الشكيوي سعاد علي , الوسيع زهرة علي
Published: June 2023

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HESTENES AND STEIFEL ALGORITHM TO SOLVE UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Hassan Basim , AL-Issa Ali
Published: June 2023

In this paper we present the development of the algorithm  the Hestenes and Steifel (HS),that will be through suggest conjugate  coefficient,  then  analyzing,  studying  the  convergence  of  the  suggested  algorithm  and  proving  the  sufficient  descent  condition  and  global  convergence.  The  numerical  results  have  shown  the  effectiveness of the suggested algorithm after applying it on a group  of standard tests problems
Utilization derivatives of 4 - [4-(acetylamino)phenyl]-2 - (3,5 dimethyl - 1 H-pyrzol -1-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid in Heterocyclic Synthesis and Study of Their Biological Activities
Authors: Aburzeza Moktar , AlFalous Khaled
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research the derivatives of 4- [4-(acetylamino) phenyl]- 2 -(3,5dimethyl- 1 H-pyrzol -1-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid was used synthesize heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds could be used as the main feedstock to prepare heterocyclic compounds (6,5 membred ring) including thiadiazolo, imidazole and pyridazinone derivatives. The effect of nucleophilic and electrophilic reagents on the resulting pyridazinones compounds was studied. Through preliminary analyzes of the compounds prepared in the research and spectroscopic data which obtained their structures were proved, and it have biological activities.
The Effect of Amount Variation of Dental Polyethylene Fiber on Flexural Strength of Fiber Reinforced Composite
Authors: ElJawadi AbdelAziz  M , Handr Usama A , Khalil Abdulghani A , AlFerjani Ismail A
Published: June 2023

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are a relatively new group of materials among those that have been investigated in dental or medical applications over the last 40 years. Their use is growing in many dental applications, including dental implant-supported prostheses. With recent advancements in adhesive technology, new and stronger composite materials, and the development of bondable polyethylene fiber, then it is possible to create a conservative, highly esthetic prosthesis that is bonded directly to the teeth on either side of the missing teeth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the amount variation of polyethylene fiber on the flexural strength of the reinforced composite. Eight samples of polyethylene fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs), which were divided into 2 groups: Group I, which includes 4 specimens of 1 strip polyethylene fiber, and Group II, which includes 4 specimens of 2 strips of polyethylene fiber. Also, each specimen was subjected to a 3-point bend test of flexural strength on a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute, with loading until failure. The results were analyzed by T-Test. The results show that there were significant differences according to the amount which show discloses the P-value (0.001), which less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Thus, that leads to there is significant differences in the level of samples among polyethylene fiber 1 strip (1S) and polyethylene fibers 2 strips (2S). It can be concluded that there is an effect of amount variations of polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite on the flexural strength.
Designing an Energy Meter Using Arduino Uno
Authors: AlArga Ahmed Salem Daw
Published: June 2023

The continuous increase in the demand for electricity delivery services and the loss of electrical energy due to illegal consumption consider one of the important matters that need continuous monitoring of the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. This paper aims to design a smart electrical energy meter by using the Arduino UNO board that measures the voltage(V) and current(I) of an inductive load (resistance, coil) and calculating the frequency (f), effective power (P), power factor (PF) for this load at different values of the load and frequency. The proposed meter was designed by programming Arduino board and connecting Arduino with other electronic components to be the circle of the meter. The proposed meter was simulated and tested using Proteus software and the results obtained were good. The results showed a match between the meter reading of the values of the voltage, current, power factor, effective power, and frequency and the results obtained mathematically. The proposed meter can be developed to be able to connect to the communication networks so it can send the measured data periodically to the collection centers.
Study of the effect of prolactin on FSH and LH hormones and fertility in women in Tocra – Libya
Authors: Alrwab Nadia , Hamed Nagwa , Al-Agouri Samira , Albarghathi Hamida
Published: June 2023

The prolactin hormone (PRL) has a distinct activity among the rest of the hormones, so this study conducted to measure the level of this hormone and its relationship with Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The study performed on a group of 30 women with a wide age range in the city of Tocra (east of Benghazi) to find out the percentage of PRL hormone and the extent of its effect on the FSH And LH hormones, as well as on fertility in these women. The results showed that 24 samples of the total samples, with a rate of 80%, had a normal concentration of PRL hormone, and 6 samples of the total samples, and by 20%, suffered an increase in the concentration of the PRL hormone. The concentration of FSH and LH was measured for the same samples for which the PRL hormone was measured, and the statistical analysis using the T test at significant values ​​(P <0.05) showed that prolactin has a clear significant effect on the luteinizing hormone, while it has a slight effect of a non-significant value on the FSH. . Likewise, for average ages with FSH, LH, and PRL, there were strong significant differences between all hormones and age. This study concluded that the high PRL hormone might be a cause of delayed childbearing through its effect on the FSH hormones.