bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of indoor environment of a housing contemporary in the rural area of Cuenca
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Bustillos Yaguana David , Idrovo Vintimilla Daniel ,   Universidad de Cuenca
Published: December 2016

El presente documento pretende realizar el análisis y un cálculo técnico para verificar las condiciones de aislación térmica de una vivienda elegida al azar, ubicada en la parroquia rural de Sayausi, en el sector de Gallo Cantana, de la ciudad de Cuenca, en Ecuador, a 2800 msnm, y verificar el cumplimiento de la reglamentación térmica que establece la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción NEC-11 en función del clima y el microclima de la localidad.Se realizará un análisis de la aislación térmica, protección solar, ventilación e iluminación natural, para luego verificar su cumplimiento normativo y proponer para cada instancia soluciones para mejorarlas.
Ecoinvolucrate: Alternative for sustainability in architecture
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Pérez P. Marina
Published: December 2016

La sostenibilidad y la arquitectura estrechan su relación desde la idea conceptual y si bien la sostenibilidad va más allá, está presente desde el momento mismo en que se estudian los conceptos básicos de la arquitectura, etapa en la que se define satisfacer las necesidades del usuario y materializarlas en base a un estudio previo en base al uso y función que tendrá cada espacio, de ahíque cuando se determinan los materiales a utilizar en la construcción se establece el grado de intervención en el medio ambiente.
Social inclusion in the global processes of urbanization
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Espinosa Müller Francisco Acatzin
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo plantea una discusión acerca de la ciudad como producto espacial de las relaciones sociales de sus actores y de los modelos de desarrollo que a lo largo de la historia han incidido en su configuración. El papel que juega el Estado se ha transmutado conforme al empoderamiento de los agentes promotores apoyados en la lógica de la especulación y la ganancia; sin embargo, en las experiencias sociales yace un modelo urbanístico más humano, basado en el rescate de los procesos de socialización.
Marketing in the offices of architecture. A literature review and an investigation into the use of strategies in architecture offices
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Páez Iturralde Tatiana
Published: December 2016

El presente trabajo muestra unos antecedentes sobre el uso del marketing en las oficinas que ofrecen el servicio de arquitectura: en Estados Unidos, desde los códigos de comportamiento de la AIA, la visión en Europa, basada en la reputación del arquitecto y en América latina, con la creación de escuelas de marketing. Luego, una revisión de conceptos básicos sobre marketing, conceptos que los arquitectos y/o sus oficinas deben tener en cuenta al momento de pensar en implementar estrategias de marketing, pasando por todo el proceso de planificación hasta la incorporación de estrategias. Al final se muestra los resultados de una breve investigación sobre el uso de estrategias de marketing en diez oficinas de arquitectura. Como conclusiones el interés por el uso del marketing por parte de los arquitectos, no solamente para lograr mejores ventas, sino para lograr un posicionamiento de la oficina de arquitectura, el uso de medios digitales, como redes sociales, blogs, trabajos en red, serán las nuevas formas de marketing y más usadas para establecer publicidad de las oficinas de arquitectura tanto local como globalmente.
A propósito de una nueva clasificación del embarazo a término. Resultados neonatales en una clínica de tercer nivel de atención en Cali, Colombia. Un estudio de corte transversal, 2013
Authors: Cifuentes-Borrero Rodrigo , Hernández-Carrillo Mauricio , Toro-Cifuentes Ana María , Franco-Torres Viviana R. , Cubides-Munevar Ángela M. , Duarte-González Ingrid J.
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: aplicar la clasificación del parto a término del American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG); describir la frecuencia de las diferentes categorías y hacer un análisis exploratorio de los resultados neonatales entre los grupos.

Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron gestantes consideradas inicialmente sanas, con embarazo a término definido según última menstruación confiable y ecografía en la primera mitad de la gestación, de una clínica privada de tercer nivel, de Cali (Colombia), año 2013. Los partos se clasificaron como parto a término temprano, a término y a término tardío. Se describen las características sociodemográficas maternas y los resultados perinatales, así como la frecuencia de cada categoría; la comparación de grupos se estableció a través de análisis de varianza (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis o chi cuadrado.

Resultados: de 502 nacimientos, fueron clasificados como embarazos a término temprano 200 (39,8 %), completo 254 (50,6 %) y tardío 48 (9,6 %). Hubo mayor frecuencia de aseguramiento contributivo de la madre y embarazos de alto riesgo en el grupo a término temprano. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en bajo peso al nacer y peso promedio del neonato en el grupo a término temprano, y mayor asfixia neonatal en el grupo a término tardío. No hubo diferencias en cuanto a síndrome de dificultad respiratoria y tiempo de hospitalización.

Conclusión: la nueva clasificación de embarazo a término de la ACOG es factible de aplicar. La frecuencia de parto a término temprano es alta en Colombia. No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en los resultados neonatales entre los tres grupos excepto en la asfixia neonatal, que fue mayor en el grupo a término tardío.
FECOLSOG en la ruta para mejorar la salud materna, sexual y reproductiva
Authors: Díaz-Yamal Ivonne
Published: December 2016

La Federación Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología – FECOLSOG, encabezada por su junta directiva, ha iniciado el desarrollo de un plan estratégico proyectado para el 2020. Este nuevo  plan responde a la situación de salud en nuestro país, y con base en ello decidimos orientar nuestras acciones en salud pública hacia la mejoría de los indicadores de salud materna y perinatal, desarrollar acciones en el campo de la salud sexual y reproductiva, el desarrollo de actividades de capacitación y recertificación de nuestros afiliados, y actualización de los procedimientos que deben ser cobijados por los planes de beneficios cubiertos con dineros públicos.
VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL E CONDICIONANTES DO ENTALHAMENTO FLUVIAL NA BACIA DO RIO GRANDE, SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Rezende Éric Andrade , Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorim
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho pretende avaliar as variações no aprofundamento da drenagem na alta/média bacia do Rio Grande, sul de Minas Gerais. Para a mensuração do entalhamento fluvial (amplitude altimétrica) em cada trecho dos canais fluviais foi utilizada a base ottocodificada em conjunto com o modelo digital de elevação SRTM/Topodata. A distribuição das classes de amplitude mostrou que na maior parte da alta/média bacia do Rio Grande o entalhamento fluvial situa-se entre 40 e 120 m. Valores superiores a 120 m concentram-se principalmente na Serra da Mantiqueira, junto às cabeceiras dos principais rios. O controle litológico sobre a distribuição das classes de amplitude é espacialmente restrito, o que sugere que a tectônica cenozoica é o principal fator controlador da intensidade da incisão fluvial. A boa correspondência entre classes de amplitude e falhas mapeadas indica a atuação de soerguimentos diferenciais entre blocos, com o consequente rebaixamento de níveis de base regionais nos blocos baixos. Esse controle é mais evidente na porção sul da área, com destaque para a zona de cisalhamento de Jesuânia (ENE). Nesse contexto, as áreas mais soerguidas são as porções da Serra da Mantiqueira que reúnem as principais concentrações de amplitudes superiores a 200 m. Mais ao norte merecem destaque as áreas com concentrações anômalas de amplitudes relativamente elevadas ao norte de Três Corações e na média/baixa bacia do Rio Jacaré. No primeiro caso um considerável soerguimento neocenozoico também deve ter ocorrido, enquanto no segundo as amplitudes mais elevadas aparentemente estão relacionadas à retração erosiva de um knickpoint com o consequente rejuvenescimento do relevo. A predominância de amplitudes menores (< 80 m) na porção oriental, drenada por afluentes do alto Rio Grande, em relação à porção ocidental (sub-bacia do Rio Sapucaí) aparenta estar relacionada à presença de soleiras quartzíticas na primeira e grabens neocenozoicos na segunda. Por um lado, as entradas de algumas gargantas situadas nas cristas quartzíticas funcionam como barreiras que limitam a incisão fluvial nas áreas a montante. Por outro lado, a subsidência das depressões tectônicas causou rebaixamento do nível de base regional e, consequentemente, uma tendência de encaixamento da drenagem a montante. Os resultados indicam um destacado papel da incisão fluvial na evolução e compartimentação do relevo dessa bacia hidrográfica interiorana situada em ambiente intraplaca
Study on Certain Blood and Serum Parameters of Camel Camelus dromedarius Maintained on Different Diets
Authors: Rakesh Poonia  , Aakash Srivastava  , Suchitra Sena  , Meera Srivastava
Published: December 2016

Animals including camel (Camelus dromedaries), have been domesticated by man since ancient times especially in Rajasthan. Due to harsh climatic conditions there is often scarcity of grazing pastures in this area and therefore during summers camels are fed roughages and concentrates, as there remains no option to the local farmers. As a result, the proportion of the concentrate and roughage in the complete ration is expected to change the microbial population in the rumen, which in turn is expected to affect their capacity to colonize feed particles and may influence the nutrient utilization from the feed. Cluster bean (guar) belonging to family Leguminosae is one of the most suitable feed in arid areas. Besides, camels are also fed some millet flour or barley flour and gur (molasses) 1g/kg body weight. If this molasses is given in excess amount, it causes gastro-intestinal disorders. Due to introduction of new feed resources, this study was an attempt to investigate certain blood and serum parameters of camels maintained on different diets. An experimental trial was conducted in three groups of camels aged 3-4 years, each group comprising of 4 camels. Three experimental groups were framed Group 1 camels  were fed  guar phalgati (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) chara in 1:1 ratio. Group 2 camels were provided ground nut chara alone while, to Group 3 camels jaggery 50% w/v was administrated orally at the dose 15 g/kg body weight apart from feeding of ground nut chara. The blood samples were collected for hematological, serum biochemical and enzymatic variations. Based on biochemical and enzymatic profile comparison, in the Group 3 camels a significant change in the digestive pattern leading towards acid indigestion was noted. There was an insignificant variation among the enzymatic and biochemical profile of Group 1 and Group 2. From the above blood and serum biochemical and enzymatic changes noticed in different groups fed with different diets, it can be envisaged that there exists a significant role of plan of nutrition on digestive pattern.
Pattern of Glucose and Lipid Profile in Obese Diabetic and Non-diabetic Subjects in the Population of Rawalpindi
Authors: Ahsan Kazmi  , Miss Nadia  , Humaira Zafar  , Kiran Tauseef Bukhari  , Noor Khan Lakhnana
Published: December 2016

Obesity is the fifth leading risk for global deaths, which may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was planned to see the glucose and lipid profile in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in the local population of Rawalpindi. We planned to study the variation of glucose and lipid profile in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in the local population of Rawalpindi. This case control study was conducted at chemical pathology Laboratory, Holy Family Hospital and Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Non-probability purposive sampling was done on 100 subjects out of whom 50 were obese diabetic (21 males and 29 females), and 50 were obese non diabetic (23 males and 27 females) individuals from the general population of Rawalpindi. Blood sample was analyzed for estimation of FPG (fasting plasma glucose) and lipid profile. The t-test was applied and p-Value of <0.005 was considered significant. The study showed that the FPG of obese diabetics was higher than obese non-diabetic (164.7±29 and 92.9±10.5mg/dl) with a p-Value is <0.001. Total cholesterol was (204.3±17.4 and 161.6±38.1mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001. Triglycerides (TG) was (216±34 and 146±57mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001. HDL (high density lipoproteins) was (33±3.5 and 38±5.4mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001). LDL (low density lipoproteins) was (127±16 and 94±33mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001, respectively. No significant difference in BMI (body mass index) was observed between obese Diabetic and non-Diabetics and this was (29.2±6 and 30.3±4.5 kg/m2) and a p-Value is <0.279. It is concluded that difference in the levels of fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile is highly significant in both obese diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
Synthesis of New Nucleoside Analogues From Benzimidazole and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Al-Mouamin Thana M. , Alkhakani Dheyaa J.
Published: December 2016

Our goal in this research, some new nucleoside analogues was synthesized. Starting from ?-D glucose which was converted to per acetylated ?-D gluco pyronoside then converted to active from(1-Bromo Sugar (2) as a sugar moiety.The base moiety 2-substituted benzimidazole was prepared from condensation of phenylene diamine with different aromatic aldehydes, which were subjected to amino alkylation via Mannich reaction forming new nucleobase derivatives.
Condensation of nucleobase with bromo sugar through nucleophilic substitution of anomeric carbon with nitrogen forming new protected nucleoside analogues then hydrolyzed with sodium methoxide in methanol to obtain our target, the free nucleoside analogues.
All prepared compound were identified by FT-IR Spectroscopy and some of them with H1 –NMR and C13-NMR Spectroscopy.
The synthesized nucleoside analogues were screened for their antibacterial activity in vitro against four types of bacteria including, Bacillus Staphylococcus, aureus (Gram Positive), E.Coli and Pseudoman as (Gram Negative).Also were screened against four types of Fungi (Aspergines flurs, Aspergillus fumgntnts, Aspergillus niger and pencillum).
A Canola Cultivar‐Testing Dataset Used to Calculate Stress Tolerance Indices and Crossover Interactions
Authors: Zeleke K. T. , Luckett D. J.
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas

Canola yield data were analyzed for 144 cultivars over 7 yr and 100 sites.

Cultivars showed large differences for the stress tolerance index.

Cultivars worthy of further stress‐tolerance studies were identified.

G×E crossover analysis showed that adaptation was more often specific than general.

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a major temperate crop in Australia, and there is a dynamic commercial breeding industry producing new cultivars for growers. Improved stress tolerance in canola cultivars is of increasing importance, but it is difficult to detect and to breed for. Public‐sector researchers need reliable information on which existing cultivars possess good stress tolerance and can be used as germplasm sources for traits worthy of pre‐breeding research. We utilized the Australian National Variety Trial (NVT) data for released canola cultivars to examine two aspects of canola performance. First, the stress tolerance of cultivars was examined using low‐yielding vs. high‐yielding environments. Second, the genotype × environment interactions of cultivars were investigated and whether or not they exhibited significant crossover interaction, indicating general or specific adaptation. The NVT dataset consisted of results for 144 cultivars tested over 7 yr (2008–2014) at 101 locations and in 782 field plot experiments. Large differences in stress tolerance were seen in the data, and certain cultivars are recommended as candidates for further investigation. Many cultivars showed genotype × environment crossover interactions, indicating specific rather than general adaptation, although a few exceptional cultivars were high yielding and stable.
Eight‐Year Cattle Manure Amendment Alters Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Eroded Mollisols
Authors: Chen Yi‐Min , Sui Yue‐Yu , Jiao Xiao‐Guang , Liu Xiao‐Bing
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas

Chemical and biochemical properties of eroded Mollisols were determined to assess the amending of the effect of organic manure on eroded Mollisols.

Organic manure in combination with NPK increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, but C/N ratios changed irregularly.

Organic manure in combination with NPK increased all biochemical indicators selected in eroded Mollisols.

Combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizers is recommended to amend eroded Mollisols.

Soil chemical and biochemical properties are important indicators in assessing soil quality. To investigate the effect of manure application on eroded Mollisols, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), urease activity, and sucrase activity were determined after 8‐yr application of cattle manure in combination with chemical fertilizers in a soil erosion simulation facility by removing the topsoil by 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm in a typical Mollisols region in China. All parameters except C/N ratio showed a declining trend with the increasing of erosion depth. Soil organic C, TN, PMN, MBC, urease activity, and sucrase activity were 11 to 23, 5 to 9, 5 to 16, 11 to 19, 18 to 32 and 13 to 37% higher under the chemical fertilizer + manure treatment than the chemical fertilizer alone plots, respectively. The C/N ratios did not change significantly with the increase of erosion depth, but they were also 5 to 17% higher in the chemical fertilizer + manure treatment than that in the chemical fertilizer alone treatment. Eight‐year application of cattle manure in combination with chemical fertilizers improved soil quality of eroded Mollisols, but was not good enough to restore the fertility of eroded Mollisols to that of non‐eroded soils.
Passive neutralization of acid mine drainage using basic oxygen furnace slag as neutralization material: experimental and modelling
Authors: Zvimba John N. , Siyakatshana Njabulo , Mathye Matlhodi
Published: December 2016

This study investigated passive neutralization of acid mine drainage using basic oxygen furnace slag as neutralization material over 90 days, with monitoring of the parameters' quality and assessment of their removal kinetics. The quality was observed to significantly improve over time with most parameters removed from the influent during the first 10 days. In this regard, removal of acidity, Fe(II), Mn, Co, Ni and Zn was characterized by fast kinetics while removal kinetics for Mg and SO42- were observed to proceed slowly. The fast removal kinetics of acidity was attributed to fast release of alkalinity from slag minerals under mildly acidic conditions of the influent water. The removal of acidity through generation of alkalinity from the passive treatment system was also observed to generally govern the removal of metallic parameters through hydroxide formation, with overall percentage removals of 88–100% achieved. The removal kinetics for SO42− was modelled using two approaches, yielding rate constant values of 1.56 and 1.53 L/(day mol) respectively, thereby confirming authenticity of SO42− removal kinetics experimental data. The study findings provide insights into better understanding of the potential use of slags and their limitations, particularly in mine closure, as part of addressing this challenge in South Africa.
Mn/sepiolite as the heterogeneous ozonation catalysts applied to the advanced treatment of regenerated-papermaking wastewater
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Yang Rendang , Wang Yang
Published: December 2016

Herein a Mn-deposited sepiolite catalyst was obtained through a facile co-precipitation method, and then used as the heterogeneous ozonation catalysts applied to the tertiary treatment of regenerated-papermaking wastewater. During the process, the as-prepared catalyst was endowed with higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of 412.3 m2/g compared to 124.6 m2/g of the natural sepiolite. Hence, in the adsorption of methylene blue, the as-prepared catalyst was observed with a very high removal rate of 96.2% although a little lower than the modified sepiolite of 97.5% in 100 min. And for practical application, the catalyst was used for treating the effluent from regenerated-papermaking industry, via a heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process. Consequently, the highest color removal rate of 99.5%, and the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 73.4% were achieved in 20 and 30 min, respectively. As a result, the treated wastewater was more biodegradable and less toxic; the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/COD value could reach 0.41. Moreover, the catalyst showed superior stability at successive ozonation runs. The main possible reaction pathway is also presented. The results indicate that catalytic ozonation was proved to be effective when Mn/sepiolite was used as catalysts applied to the advanced treatment of regenerated-papermaking wastewater.
The Correlation of Muscle Biopsy Scores with the Clinical Variables in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Wangkaew Suparaporn , Suwansirikul Songkiet , Aroonrungwichian Kantawut , Kasitanon Nuntana , Louthrenoo Worawit
Published: December 2016

Objectives:

To compare the muscle pathology findings among subgroups of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) patients, and to determine the correlations of muscle biopsy scores with muscle power and creatine kinase (CK).

Methods:

The medical records of IIM patients consisting of the demographic data, clinical parameters and laboratory conducted were retrospectively reviewed. Their initial muscle biopsies were reviewed, and four domains were scored: inflammation, vascular, muscle, and connective tissue.

Results:

Ninety-five IIM patients (28 patients with idiopathic polymyositis (PM) 9 idiopathic dermatomyositis (DM), 5 DM associated with malignancy, and 53 PM/DM associated with connective tissue disease) with median (IQR: Q1, Q3) disease duration of 1.2 (0.5, 3.1) months were included. No significant differences in initial muscle pathology findings and muscle pathology score among the subgroups were found. Muscle degeneration and endomysial fibrosis scores were negatively correlated with muscle power (r=-0.23 and-0.24, respectively, p<0.05) and positively correlated with CK (r=0.27 and 0.39, respectively, p<0.01). No significant correlation was detected either inflammation or vasculitis scores with muscle power and CK levels.

Conclusion:

In this study, muscle biopsy cannot be used to differentiate among subgroups of IIM patients. In addition, we found only modest correlation of muscle biopsy scores with muscle power and CK. Further study is necessary to confirm our findings.
Analysis on the Operation Fatigue of Deepwater Drilling Riser System
Authors: Liu Xiuquan , Chen Guoming , Fu Jingjie , Ji Jingqi , Song Qiang , Chang Yuanjiang
Published: December 2016

Fatigue is one of main failure modes of deepwater drilling riser system. Analysis models of wave induced fatigue and vortex induced fatigue of deepwater drilling riser are established according to the riser connection, installation and hang-off operations. Characteristics of wave induced fatigue and vortex induced fatigue of riser system in different operation modes are studied. The influence of each operation fatigue on the combined fatigue is also identified. The results show that wave induced fatigue damage and vortex induced fatigue damage of upper riser are large in installation and hard hang-off modes. The fatigue damage of riser system in soft hang-off mode is less than that in hard hang-off mode. The combined fatigue damage of the upper and lower riser is large. The lower riser is under the influence of wave induced fatigue and vortex induced fatigue, while the upper riser is mainly under the influence of wave induced fatigue, especially that in installation and hang-off modes. The fatigue damages of riser in installation and hang-off modes have a great influence on the combined fatigue of riser and cannot be neglected in riser fatigue analysis.
Efficiency of Different Basic Modelling Approaches to Simulate Moisture Buffering in Building Materials
Authors: Balocco Carla , Petrone Giuseppe
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is the numerical investigation of the capacity of porous hygroscopic building materials to damp indoor humidity variations due to external environmental loads and internal sources due to heat and moisture exchange. By means of numerical simulation, building material moisture content is computed by using a basic approach based on a diffusion model. Subsequently, a model incorporating the isothermal sorption curves of materials and complete thermal analysis is elaborated. The first modelling approach is more appropriate for material characterization even though it requires more time for modelling implementation and involves greater computational costs. The second modelling approach is useful for the assessment of hygro-thermal behaviour and energy performance of complex building components made of different materials. Moreover, this second approach can be easily applied to a 3D solid model of complex geometrical and architectural layouts. Results involve two different geometries. The first geometry belongs to a 1cm sized cube and represents the test system used in our study. The second one is representative of a usual building wall with a thermal bridge, consisting of different layers. From results analysis, it can be deduced that a more accurate numerical approach, using thermos-physical properties, porosity and hygroscopicity of materials and their corresponding sorption isotherm curves as input data, could be proposed for material characterisation and hygrothermal behaviour evaluation, in relation to the real physical indoor and outdoor transient climatic conditions. On the other hand, in many practical technical applications, our two proposed approaches can comprehensibly describe the investigated process combined with building-plant system energy performances, depending on the implementation process and computational costs we can implement.
Extracción y morfología del embrión de Bursera bipinnata (Burseraceae)
Authors: Ramos-Ordoñez María Felix , Del Coro Arizmendi María , Flores-Enríquez Valeria , Márquez-Guzmán Judith
Published: December 2016

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El entendimiento de la biología reproductiva de las plantas, desde la formación de la semilla hasta su establecimiento, permite el desarrollo de diferentes estrategias de conservación. En el género Bursera, cuyo principal centro de diversificación es México, la diáspora es un pireno formado por un endocarpo fuertemente lignificado que encierra a la semilla. Las características anatómicas del pireno y la partenocarpia son los principales factores que han obstaculizado el estudio de la embriogénesis y el desarrollo de técnicas de propagación. En este trabajo se describe la morfología del embrión de Bursera bipinnata extraído mediante una técnica que no altera la estructura o la composición química de los tejidos.Métodos: Durante el inicio de la etapa de dispersión 2014, se colectaron frutos inmaduros y pirenos con pseudoarilo expuesto, los frutos inmaduros se fijaron en FAA. Se utilizó un micromotor con pieza de mano de baja velocidad. En los frutos inmaduros se utilizó un fresón cónico para desgastar las valvas del fruto. Para abrir los pirenos se utilizó un disco de diamante. Una vez abierto el endocarpo, los embriones se extrajeron y se fijaron.Resultados clave: El patrón de desarrollo coincide con otras especies modelo de angiospermas. En los frutos inmaduros se encontraron las fases globular, acorazonada, torpedo y cotiledonar, ésta última en etapas iniciales. En la fase de torpedo los cotiledones se ramifican en tres lóbulos y se empalman, a medida que crecen se pliegan sobre si mismos encerrando el eje embrionario; sin embargo, el meristemo radicular siempre queda expuesto. El embrión se clasificó como embrión axial foliado contortuplicado.Conclusiones: La técnica de extracción es rápida, de bajo costo y no invasiva para los tejidos, teniendo un uso potencial en el análisis detallado de la embriogénesis del género Bursera, el cultivo de tejidos y la conservación ex situ.
Nuevos registros del género Scutellinia (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales) para la micobiota mexicana
Authors: Sierra Sigfrido , Izquierdo-San Agustín Laura , Castro-Santiuste Sandra , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Ibeth , Alcántara-Mojica Amanda , Pérez-Ramírez Lilia , Cifuentes Joaquín
Published: December 2016

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Scutellinia es cosmopolita. Siete especies han sido reportadas en México. Se presenta una revisión taxonómica parcial del género para el país.Métodos: Se estudiaron siete especies, siguiendo las técnicas tradicionales en micología.Resultados clave: Tres especies se citan por primera vez en el país: Scutellinia balansae, S. colensoi y S. pennsylvanica. Las principales características usadas para la identificación de las especies en este estudio son los pelos marginales y la ornamentación de las ascosporas. Se realizan las descripciones taxonómicas de los tres nuevos registros y de las especies ya reportadas para el país.Conclusiones: El conocimiento taxonómico del género Scutellinia en México sigue siendo escaso, por lo que es necesaria la elaboración de más estudios enfocados a la sistemática fúngica en el país.
SISTEM PENGENDALIAN SECARA OTOMATIS PADA ROBOT LINE FOLLOWER MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER AT89S51
Authors: Aryani Diah , Martono Aris , Saputra Mochamad Adi
Published: December 2016

ABSTRAKSI

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat terutama di bidang instrumentasi elektronika. sistem pengendalian busway selama ini dilakukan secara manual. Maka untuk itu dirancang suatu sistem pengendalian secara otomatis. Komponen utama alat ini terdiri pasangan LED Inframerah dengan Photodioda yang digunakan sebagai sensor. Mikrokontroler AT89S51 berfungsi untuk mengendalikan sistem pengereman secara otomatis. rancangan ini adalah prototype robot line follower bergerak dengan mengikuti garis kemudian melakukan pengereman secara otomatis ketika robot line follower berhenti tepat didepan halte selama 3 detik dan bergerak meninggalkan halte. Sistem pengendalian secara otomatis yang diaplikasikan pada busway, dapat memaksimalkan kinerja dari busway yang sudah ada.
ANALISIS MASALAH KEAMANAN JARINGAN WIRELESS KOMPUTER MENGGUNAKAN CAIN
Authors: Haryanto Edy Victor
Published: December 2016

ABSTRAK

Akhir-akhir ini penggunaan jaringan wireless dalam pembangunnan akses internet pada suatu instansi atau perusahaan sangat pesat. Hal ini karena sistem jaringan
wireless lebih efisien dalam pembangunaanya dan juga kefleksibilitasnya karena tanpa penggunaan kabel yang merepotkan. Tetapi jaringan wireless memiliki masalah pada
keamanan yaitu pada konfigurasi dan enkripsi yang digunakan. Untuk membantu dalam mencoba tingkat keamanan suatu access point wireless dalam upaya untuk
memecahkan permasalahan jaringan, maka dapat digunakan tools yang berfungsi mensniffing paket-paket yang ada pada jaringan yang bernama Cain. Cain dapat menganalalisis protocol di dalam jaringan, selain itu Cain dapat diterapkan pada berbagai interface seperti LAN dan Wireless LAN. Dalam hal menganalisis jaringan Cain memiliki banyak fitur yang sangat baik dan handal dalam penggunaanya.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) PADA SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMBERIAN KELAYAKAN KREDIT PINJAMAN KOMERSIAL DI SB SIMPAN PINJAM TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Mufizar Teuku , Lestari Rima Listiani
Published: December 2016

ABSTRAK

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) adalah sistem yang dapat membantu seseorang dalam mengambil keputusan yang akurat dan tepat sasaran. Banyak permasalahan
yang dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan SPK, salah satunya adalah penentuan pemberian kelayakan kredit pinjaman. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh SB Simpan
Pinjam Tasikmalaya yaitu sering terjadinya kesalahan penilaian dan kesalahan membaca data yang digunakan dalam proses pemilihan khususnya untuk penilaian data
debitur, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya kesalahan menganalisa dan mengakibatkan kurang akuratnya hasil penilaian. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka
dibuatkan SPK pemberian kelayakan kredit menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dengan kriteria-kriteria : jaminan, level penghasilan, kepribadian, relasi, level pinjaman, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, rekening pembayaran listrik, Bukti pembayaran PBB, Surat Hak Milik (SHM), Surat Izin Usaha Pendirian (SIUP), Slip Gaji, status rumah, kondisi rumah, status usaha, jangka angsuran serta kondisi pekerjaan/usahanya. Adapun alat bantu perancangan sistemnya menggunakan Diagram Arus Data (DAD), sedangkan teknik perancangan basisdata nya menggunakan ERD. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa sistem pendukung keputusan dengan metode SAW untuk pemberian kelayakan kredit pinjaman komersial mampu mengurangi kesalahan dalam menganalisis kredit di SB Simpan Pinjam Tasikmalaya.
SISTEM KONTROL OTOMATIK DENGAN MODEL SINGLE-INPUT-DUAL-OUTPUT DALAM KENDALI EFISIENSI UMUR-PEMAKAIAN INSTRUMEN
Authors: Simamora S.N.M.P. , Zulmi N.
Published: December 2016

Abstrak
Kondisi efisiensi terpenuhi apabila nilai luaran yang terpakai jika dibandingkan dengan total resource yang telah digunakan hampir mendekati nilai 1 (yakni keadaan absolut). Sebuah instrumen mencapai efisiensi apabila level daya yang dikeluarkan telah mengalami penurunan signifikan pada umur pemakaian instrumen terpakai, jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelumnya saat instrumen tidak dilengkapi sistem tambahan (usulan perbaikan). Lebih efektif lagi apabila model masukan yang digunakan adalah serempak untuk luaran tercapai yang homogen. Pada penelitian ini telah dirancang dan diimplementasikan sistem kontrol otomatik untuk model single-input-dual-output untuk kasus kebutuhan dan keperluan sehari-hari, dimana instrumen sampling yang digunakan adalah lampu dan kipas-angin. Sumber tegangan yang digunakan adalah AC (alternate-current) dan diuji dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan instrumentasi (alat-ukur) secara pengamatan. Hasil yang didapatkan memperlihatkan instrumen mengalami efisiensi signifikan saat model single-input-dual-output diterapkan pada instrumen uji-coba yakni lampu dan kipas-angin saat dibandingkan dengan kondisi lama atau sebelumnya. Dan selanjutnya ditunjukkan bahwa asil rancangan yang telah dibangun juga dapat berjalan dengan baik.
Women on corporate boards and the incidence of receiving a ‘strike’ on the remuneration report
Authors: Ahmed Ammad , Ng Chew , Delaney Deborah
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the effect of one form of board diversity on the incidence of receiving a ‘strike’ (i.e., receiving 25 percent or more ‘no’ votes) on the remuneration report by ASX companies in Australia. More specifically, the research hypothesises that there is a negative association between women presence on corporate boards and the likelihood of receiving a ‘strike’ on remuneration reports. Using the Financial Review Business Intelligence’s remuneration report voting database, this study constructs a matched-pair sample of 314 strike firms and 314 control firms from 2011 to 2013. After controlling for other ‘strike’ related factors, the results suggest a significant association between the presence of at least one woman on the board and a lower incidence of receiving a ‘strike’. This finding contributes to the research by showing that the presence of female directors is likely to enhance the monitoring function of the board and thus lower the likelihood of receiving a ‘strike’ on the remuneration report.
Rethinking a paradigm shift in the management of state enterprises and parastatals: The African context
Authors: Chigudu Daniel
Published: December 2016

African States have privatised and commercialised some of their entities in the mould of state enterprises and parastatals (SEPs) which constitute significant parts of market capitalisation, employment and GDP.SEPs are charged with the administration of utilities such as electricity and telecommunication that affect the populace. The state as an active owner is obliged to ensure effective leadership and professionalism in the SEPs. Challenges to improve services and politicised board appointments indicate the need to entrench good leadership and corporate governance in an age of austerity. The thrust of this paper is a paradigm shift from the traditional management to effective leadership, a vital cog for SEPs as they strive to deliver more with less on time and on budget.
Firm size and diversification strategies: Does labor intensity matter?
Authors: Untoro Wisnu , Rahardian Reza
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the impact of firm size on business and international diversification strategies. Using a novel dataset, we study 294 Indonesian publicly traded firms in a cross-section research. Controlling for past performance, firm age and industry dummies, we do find, as we expect, that large firms tend to diversify their business as well as their geographic segments. We also extend this study by looking at the moderating role of labor intensity in the impact of firm size on diversification strategies. Our results show that large firms could broaden their geographic area of sales more easily when they do not face labor constraint. Less labor intensive firms could be more flexible to bring their business into a wider coverage.
Business environment and the financial performance of small and medium enterprises: A study of Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Okwu Andy Titus
Published: December 2016

The financial outcome of an enterprise is perceived to have some relationships with its operational environment. This study analysed the business environment as a correlate of financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as to contribute to environment-enterprise policy mechanisms and regulatory framework, industry and management practices. Relevant definitional criteria and World Bank’s model were adopted to sample 228 SMEs from 456 via judgmental and convenience techniques. Multifactor business-environment questionnaire (MBEQ) was used to elicit responses from SMEs in a field survey. Enterprise type, activity, product line and financial performance were examined. Results showed dominance of sole proprietorship and services SMEs, multi-product lines, and highly positively correlated financial performance and business environment. Consequently, improved SME-friendly business environment was recommended.
Stakeholder expectations on CSR management and current regulatory developments in Europe and Germany
Authors: Müller Stefan , Stawinoga Martin , Velte Patrick
Published: December 2016

The new European Directive 2014/95/EU extends the corporate disclosure of public interest entities (PIE) in the EU by a non-financial statement. The new member state option allows either the integration of these sustainability-related aspects into the traditional management report or the preparation of a separate report in line with established CSR guidelines – for example a sustainability report in accordance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or an integrated report in accordance with the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) framework. However it is unclear which sustainability-related aspects as a key instrument of CSR management should be prospectively disclosed. Although the EU is seeking for concretization hereof, the member states are facing the challenge of implementing this Directive without any specific instructions or definition of sectoral key performance indicators to be disclosed. Based on a German survey of various stakeholder groups the present article explores, which sustainability-related aspects are useful for their decisions and could be therefore disclosed within the management report in accordance with the GRI guidelines.
Firm valuation, performance and origin of controlling shareholder in Brazil
Authors: Bruno Pedro , Carvalhal Andre
Published: December 2016

This study analyzes if the origin of the controlling shareholder influences firm value and performance in Brazil. Although there is a vast literature on this topic, the results vary significantly and, in some cases, are even inconclusive. Our analysis of 407 Brazilian companies from 2002 to 2009 provide evidence that firms controlled by families and government have lower valuation. There is no significant relation between origin of control and firm performance.
Job satisfaction and productivity: An integrated model, a case of public sector entity in South Africa
Authors: Garg Ajay K , Temba K.
Published: December 2016

The purpose of the study was to validate an integrated model to capture factors that motivate job satisfaction and to study the relationship between Job Satisfaction and Productivity. A model considering five factors; pay, promotion, communication, co-worker and fringe benefits were developed with job satisfaction and productivity as dependent variables. Data was collected through survey questionnaire, 51 responses were received. The model could not validate the positive relationship between pay, communication and co-worker with job satisfaction. While the relationship between promotion and fringe benefits were found to be positive with job satisfaction. The relationship between job satisfaction and productivity was also found positive and statistically significant.
Lessons learned from CEO pay and market cap performance in the mining and metals industries: Implications for the board of directors and for corporate governance
Authors: Grove Hugh , Clouse Mac , Lassar Sharon
Published: December 2016

CEO pay was correlated with market capitalization performance. Three simple correlation tests of 2013 total CEO pay with market capitalization destruction over the approximate three and one-half year period, January 2011 through July 2014, yielded a 66% weighted average moderate correlation for thirty-four companies. The total market cap destruction for these companies was an estimated $120.1 billion with total CEO pay of $224.6 million. Thus, total market cap destruction was approximately 535 times greater than total CEO pay. During this approximate three and one-half year time period, the S&P 500 Index increased 51.8%. Our simple correlation tests do not imply any causality. However, some corporate governance researchers (Kostyuk, 2014 and Hilb, 2008) have advocated: “Pay for Performance, not Presence” which could include such correlations as part of executive compensation packages from Board of Directors’ compensation committees. Claw-back provisions could be used for market capitalization destruction in evolving executive compensation packages.
Do banks use derivatives to off set economic consequences of wrong strategies: Externally growth through acquisitions too much expensive (hostile takeovers)?
Authors: Di Fabrizio Loredana Ferri
Published: December 2016

One of the unresolved questions in the matter of financial decision is why firms hedge with derivatives. Prior researches hypotize different reasons for derivatives use and empirical results are contradictory. When Managers and Owners are different an agency problem could arise in the hedging decisions. For instance, the Managers may hedge in a manner that does not maxime the value of the firm. On one side derivatives allow shifting and hedging risks but on the other side reduce the cost of enganging in speculative transactions.
The paper is motivated mainly by the ongoing debate on derivatives use and seeks at answer following questions : how do corporate strategies use derivatives? What is the really goal of using derivatives: hedging or taking risks? How CEOs use derivatives to hide or delay losses or their imbalanced corporate strategies (e.g. hostile takeovers)?.
Conceptual framework and measurement: A survey on the international debate
Authors: Guzzo Giusy , Costa Massimo
Published: December 2016

In response to the ‘2011 Agenda Consultation’, the IASB launched in July 2013 a call for a new Discussion Paper on the ‘Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting’. This article aims to offer a contribution to the debate on the effectiveness of the theme of ‘Measurement’, by investigating the use of the current evaluation models in the literature and practice of Financial Reporting. The article proposes at first a historical survey both of the international debate on Fair Value Accounting vs. Historical Cost Accounting and of the Italian theories on the valuation. Later the paper proposes some considerations about the key questions related to Measurement and the possible policy implications of the main research finding, by conceptualising a ‘mixed’ system combining fair value Accounting and historical cost Accounting to try giving a more rational base to the financial reports.
Beliefs and accountability in an Islamic bank
Authors: Alaudin Ahmadasri , Shantapriyan Paul , Adler Ralph
Published: December 2016

An Islamic bank in Malaysia (Malpha) positions itself on being Islamic. The products and services are more expensive while employees are paid less than normal commercial banks. What bonds customers and employees to the bank are symbols of Islam: aqad (oral agreement between the bank and a customer), doa’ (supplication, a prayer), the tazkirah (short religious talks at the morning meeting) and zakat (or almsgiving). Bank Malpha uses aqad (oral agreement between the bank and a customer) and Doa (supplication, a prayer) to form the basis of belief systems that influence the relationship with a customer. With regard to intermediaries, reciprocity (a form of trust) underpins the relationship between the bank and its intermediaries (housing developers and lawyers for example). This bonding is reinforced by a boundary system: the shariah committee. The shariah committee assesses the shariah (lawful according Islam) compliance and also engages with employees regarding shariah issues. This promotes learning through words and dialogue. However there is little documentation on customer recovery. If indeed non-performing loans are a key performance indicator for this Islamic bank, the challenge for this Islamic bank is to identify key processes to manage customer recovery.
ALM behavior of banks: Deposit pricing positioning, managerial risk appetite, and money market
Authors: Ariefianto Mochammad Doddy , Trinugroho Irwan , Muthmainah Muthmainah , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: December 2016

We construct a simple model in which banks use deposit interest rate position to shape for Asset Liability Management (ALM) strategy. Using monthly panel data of 104 banks over the January 2005 - December 2013 period, we empirically test our model. Panel data technique is used to estimate the parameter. We find that the model is well supported. The coefficient of loan growth is positive while reserves inventory is negative. Nevertheless, we find the spread to JIBOR O/N and business index to be negative which contradict our hypotheses. The results are largely unaltered when we account for turbulence period.