bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The positioned reader
Authors: Stockwell Peter
Published: August 2013

Modern stylistics is in the process of emerging completely from the shadows of the New Critical prohibitions on discussing the intentional and psychological fallacies in literary reading. Informed by cognitive linguistics and the psychology of cognition, a strong tradition of cognitive poetics has become established within stylistics, serving as a powerful challenge to the psychological fallacy in particular: readerly effects, emotions and significances in literary engagement are now regarded as part of the legitimate ground of stylistic study. In the classical terms that underpin the long view of stylistics, we now possess a good research programme in the systematic account of meaningfulness ( logos) and emotional affect ( pathos). What remains is the challenge of a similarly principled account of ethics.

However, just as the cognitive turn has taken an applied linguistic approach to interpretation and aesthetics, so our cognitive poetic approach to ethos must be based on a descriptive account not of authority and immanent intentionality, but on the readerly sense of adopting a position in the process of literary reading. The concept of the intentional fallacy cannot be criticised as comprehensively as the psychological fallacy, but it nevertheless poses the wrong sort of question.

This article sets out an encompassing framework for the analysis of ethics as an interaction between readerly disposition and textual imposition, to produce a sense of a ‘positioned reader’ of a literary work. Brief analytical illustrations from literary prose fiction are presented for exploration. The article draws on and questions related traditions in critical theory and psychology, with the aim of establishing a fully rounded stylistics as the foundational principle and principal method in literary study. My ultimate framing objective is an applied linguistic approach to literary scholarship that is evidential, dialogic and humane, and which completes the circle of meaning, feeling and significance familiar to generations of literary scholars.
A case of chronic wasting disease in a captive red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Schwabenlander Marc D. , Culhane Marie R. , Hall S. Mark , Goyal Sagar M. , Anderson Paul L. , Carstensen Michelle , Wells Scott J. , Slade William B. , Armién Aníbal G.
Published: August 2013

A 22-month-old, female red deer ( Cervus elaphus) was submitted to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy and chronic wasting disease (CWD) testing. The deer was found positive for the abnormal prion protein in the obex and the retropharyngeal lymph node by immunohistochemical staining. Microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy and immunohistochemical staining patterns and intensity were similar to those in CWD-positive elk and experimentally infected red deer.
Selections From the ABC 2012 Annual Convention, Honolulu, Hawaii
Authors: Whalen D. Joel
Published: August 2013

The 13 Favorite Assignments featured here were presented at the 2012 Association for Business Communication (ABC) Annual Convention, Honolulu, Hawaii. A variety of learning objectives are featured, including the following: enhancing resume’s visual impact, interpersonal skills, social media, team building, web design, community service projects, and ethics. The authors share ideas for the classroom, for online instruction, and are taught in a single class or designed to consume an entire semester. Each assignment reflects the individual author’s passion for active learning that stimulates practical skill-building, judgment, and communication skills. Additional teaching materials—including instructions to students, stimulus materials, slides, grading rubrics, frequently asked questions (FAQs), and sample student projects—are posted on http://www.salesleadershipcenter.com/research.html#mfa13 . More excellent Favorite Assignment papers can be seen on the above webpage. This year, a bonus five authors have web-published their innovations.
The effects of chronic candesartan treatment on cardiac and hepatic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in rats submitted to surgical stress
Authors: Ribeiro-Oliveira Antônio , Marques Mirna B , Vilas-Boas Walkiria W , Guimarães Jonas , Coimbra Cândido C , Anjos Allan P , Fóscolo Rodrigo B , Santos Robson , Thomas Julia D , Igreja Suzana M , Kola Blerina , Grossman Ashley B , Korbonits Márta
Published: August 2013

Introduction:

adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a prominent role as a metabolic stress sensor, and it has recently been suggested that the renin-angiotensin system, in addition to its role in stress regulation, may play a significant role in regulating the AMPK system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, on cardiac and hepatic AMPK activity basally as well as after surgical stress under general anesthesia.

Materials and methods:

Male Wistar rats were treated with 5 mg/kg/day candesartan in their drinking water for two weeks. Levels of cardiac and hepatic AMPK activity were determined, using a kinase activity assay, basally and after surgical stress under general anesthesia.

Results:

Chronic administration of candesartan increased hepatic AMPK activity approximately 4 times ( p<0.05) while no significant change was demonstrated in cardiac AMPK. Cardiac and hepatic AMPK activities were not significantly increased by surgical stress alone performed under anesthesia. However, chronic treatment with candesartan decreased AMPK activity in both liver and heart after surgical stress under anesthesia ( p<0.01 for both comparisons).

Conclusions:

While chronic candesartan treatment may stimulate AMPK activity in certain organs such as the liver, when combined with surgical stress under anesthesia it inhibits pathways regulating AMPK activity.
Umeclidinium in patients with COPD: a randomised, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Trivedi Roopa , Richard Nathalie , Mehta Rashmi , Church Alison
Published: August 2013

Efficacy and safety of umeclidinium administered in a dry power inhaler were evaluated in moderate-to-very-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

This was a randomised, placebo-controlled study assessing once-daily umeclidinium 62.5 and 125 μg over 12 weeks. The primary end-point was change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) on day 85. Secondary end-points were 0–6-h weighted mean and serial forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Other end-points were transitional dyspnoea index, health outcomes (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire), pharmacokinetics and safety.

246 patients were enrolled; 168 completed the study. On day 85, umeclidinium 62.5 and 125 μg significantly improved least squares mean change from baseline in trough FEV1(127 and 152 mL, respectively; p<0.001) compared with placebo. On day 84, umeclidinium 62.5 and 125 μg significantly improved least squares mean change from baseline in 0–6-h weighted mean (166 and 191 mL, respectively; p<0.001) and serial FEV1at each time point (p≤0.003). Significant improvement in least squares mean transitional dyspnoea index focal score (1.0 and 1.3 units, respectively; p≤0.05) and change from baseline St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score (-7.9 and -10.87 units, respectively; p<0.001) were noted compared with placebo at week 12. The incidence of adverse events was low and similar across treatments.

Umeclidinium 62.5 and 125 μg significantly improved lung function, dyspnoea and health status compared with placebo, and were well tolerated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients over 12 weeks.
Substantial increase in the frequency of circulating CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1
Authors: Garcia-Chagollan Mariel , Jave-Suarez Luis F , Haramati Jesse , Sanchez-Hernandez Pedro E , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana , Bueno-Topete Miriam R , Pereira-Suarez Ana L , Fafutis-Morris Mary , Cid-Arregui Angel , del Toro-Arreola Susana
Published: August 2013

Background

The NKG2D receptor confers important activating signals to NK cells via ligands expressed during cellular stress and viral infection. This receptor has generated great interest because not only is it expressed on NK cells, but it is also seen in virtually all CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and is classically considered absent in CD4+ T cells. However, recent studies have identified a distinctive population of CD4+ T cells that do express NKG2D, which could represent a particular cytotoxic effector population involved in viral infections and chronic diseases. On the other hand, increased incidence of human papillomavirus-associated lesions in CD4+ T cell-immunocompromised individuals suggests that CD4+ T cells play a key role in controlling the viral infection. Therefore, this study was focused on identifying the frequency of NKG2D-expressing CD4+ T cells in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1. Additionally, factors influencing CD4+NKG2D+ T cell expansion were also measured.

Results

Close to 50% of patients with CIN 1 contained at least one of the 37 HPV types detected by our genotyping system. A tendency for increased CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and decreased NK cells was found in CIN 1 patients. The percentage of circulating CD4+ T cells co-expressing the NKG2D receptor significantly increased in women with CIN 1 versus control group. Interestingly, the increase of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells was seen in patients with CIN 1, despite the overall levels of CD4+ T cells did not significantly increase. We also found a significant increase of soluble MICB in CIN 1 patients; however, no correlation with the presence of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells was seen. While TGF-beta was significantly decreased in the group of CIN 1 patients, both TNF-alpha and IL-15 showed a tendency to increase in this group.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results suggest that the significant increase within the CD4+NKG2D+ T cell population in CIN 1 patients might be the result of a chronic exposure to viral and/or pro-inflammatory factors, and concomitantly might also influence the clearance of CIN 1-type lesion.
Identifying potential RNAi targets in grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) based on transcriptome profiling of its alimentary canal after feeding on wheat plants
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhou Yuwen , Wang Hui , Jones Huw Dylan , Gao Qiang , Wang Dahai , Ma Youzhi , Xia Lanqin
Published: August 2013

Background

The grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) is a major agricultural pest which causes significant yield losses of wheat in China, Europe and North America annually. Transcriptome profiling of the grain aphid alimentary canal after feeding on wheat plants could provide comprehensive gene expression information involved in feeding, ingestion and digestion. Furthermore, selection of aphid-specific RNAi target genes would be essential for utilizing a plant-mediated RNAi strategy to control aphids via a non-toxic mode of action. However, due to the tiny size of the alimentary canal and lack of genomic information on grain aphid as a whole, selection of the RNAi targets is a challenging task that as far as we are aware, has never been documented previously.

Results

In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analyses of the alimentary canals of grain aphids before and after feeding on wheat plants using Illumina RNA sequencing. The transcriptome profiling generated 30,427 unigenes with an average length of 664 bp. Furthermore, comparison of the transcriptomes of alimentary canals of pre- and post feeding grain aphids indicated that 5490 unigenes were differentially expressed, among which, diverse genes and/or pathways were identified and annotated. Based on the RPKM values of these unigenes, 16 of them that were significantly up or down-regulated upon feeding were selected for dsRNA artificial feeding assay. Of these, 5 unigenes led to higher mortality and developmental stunting in an artificial feeding assay due to the down-regulation of the target gene expression. Finally, by adding fluorescently labelled dsRNA into the artificial diet, the spread of fluorescence signal in the whole body tissues of grain aphid was observed.

Conclusions

Comparison of the transcriptome profiles of the alimentary canals of pre- and post-feeding grain aphids on wheat plants provided comprehensive gene expression information that could facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying feeding, ingestion and digestion. Furthermore, five novel and effective potential RNAi target genes were identified in grain aphid for the first time. This finding would provide a fundamental basis for aphid control in wheat through plant mediated RNAi strategy.
Exome sequencing of a patient with suspected mitochondrial disease reveals a likely multigenic etiology
Authors: Craigen William J , Graham Brett H , Wong Lee-Jun , Scaglia Fernando , Lewis Richard Alan , Bonnen Penelope E
Published: August 2013

Background

The clinical features of mitochondrial disease are complex and highly variable, leading to challenges in establishing a specific diagnosis. Despite being one of the most commonly occurring inherited genetic diseases with an incidence of 1/5000, ~90% of these complex patients remain without a DNA-based diagnosis. We report our efforts to identify the pathogenetic cause for a patient with typical features of mitochondrial disease including infantile cataracts, CPEO, ptosis, progressive distal muscle weakness, and ataxia who carried a diagnosis of mitochondrial disease for over a decade.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of these data were conducted on the proband.

Results

Exome sequencing studies showed a homozygous splice site mutation in SETX, which is known to cause Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Autosomal Recessive 1 (SCAR1). Additionally a missense mutation was identified in a highly conserved position of the OCRL gene, which causes Lowe Syndrome and Dent Disease 2.

Conclusions

This patient’s complex phenotype reflects a complex genetic etiology in which no single gene explained the complete clinical presentation. These genetic studies reveal that this patient does not have mitochondrial disease but rather a genocopy caused by more than one mutant locus. This study demonstrates the benefit of exome sequencing in providing molecular diagnosis to individuals with complex clinical presentations.
Isolated complete caudate lobectomy for hepatic tumor of the anterior transhepatic approach: surgical approaches and perioperative outcomes
Authors: Yang Jia-Hua , Gu Jun , Dong Ping , Chen Lei , Wu Wen-Guang , Mu Jia-Sheng , Li Mao-Lan , Wu Xiang-Song , Zhao Yang-Lu , Zhang Lin , Weng Hao , Ding Qian , Ding Qi-Chen , Liu Ying-Bin
Published: August 2013

Background

How to resect the caudate lobe safely is a major challenge to current liver surgery which requires further study.

Methods

Nine cases (6 hepatic cell carcinoma, 2 cavernous hemangioma and 1 intrahepatic cholangiocacinoma) were performed using the anterior transhepatic approach in the isolated complete caudate lobe resection. During the operation, we used the following techniques: the intraoperative routine use of Peng’s multifunction operative dissector (PMOD), inflow and outflow of hepatic blood control, low central venous pressure and selective use of liver hanging maneuver.

Results

There were no perioperative deaths observed after the operation. The median operating time was 230 ± 43.6 minutes, the median intraoperative blood loss was 606.6 ± 266.3 ml and the median length of postoperative hospital stay was 12.6 ± 2.9 days. The incidence of complications was 22.22% (2/9).

Conclusion

PMOD and “curettage and aspiration” technique can be of great help of in the dissection of vessels and parenchyma, clearly making caudate lobe resection safer, easier and faster.
Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in Korean women: a pilot study
Authors: An Yeong Yi , Kim Sung Hun , Kang Bong Joo , Lee Jae Hee
Published: August 2013

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy is the technique of choice for lesions that are visible only with breast MRI. The purpose of this study was to report our clinical experience with MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy in Korean women.

Methods

A total of 13 patients with 15 lesions for MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy were prospectively entered into this study between September 2009 and November 2011. Biopsy samples were obtained in a 3-T magnet using a 9-guage MRI-compatible vacuum-assisted biopsy device. We evaluated clinical indications for biopsy, lesion characteristics on prebiopsy MRI, pathologic results, and postbiopsy complication status.

Results

The clinical indications for MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy were as follows: abnormalities in patients with interstitial mammoplasty on screening MRI (n = 10); preoperative evaluation of patients with a recently diagnosed cancer (n = 3); and suspicious recurrence on follow-up MRI after cancer surgery (n = 1) or chemotherapy (n = 1). All lesions have morphologic features suspicious or highly suggestive of malignancy by the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category of MRI (C4a = 12, C4b = 2, C5 = 1). In two of the 15 lesions (13.3%, <6 mm), MRI-guided 9-gauge vacuum-assisted breast biopsy was deferred due to nonvisualization of the MRI findings that led to biopsy and the lesions were stable or disappeared on follow up so were considered benign. Of 13 biopsied lesions, pathology revealed four malignancies (4/13, 30.8%; mean size 15.5 mm) and nine benign lesions (9/13, 69.2%; size 14.2 mm). Immediate postprocedural hematoma (mean size 23.5 mm) was observed in eight out of 13 patients (61.5%) and was controlled conservatively.

Conclusions

Our initial experience of MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy showed a success rate of 86.7% and a cancer diagnosis rate of 30.8%, which was quite satisfactory. MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy is a safe and effective tool for the workup of suspicious lesions seen on breast MRI alone without major complication. This biopsy may contribute to the early diagnosis of breast cancer in interstitial mammoplasty patients in Korea.
Dynamic Response to Peripheral Nerve Injury Detected by in Situ Hybridization of IL-6 and its Receptor mRNAs in the Dorsal Root Ganglia is not Strictly Correlated with Signs of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Brázda Václav , Klusáková Ilona , Svíženská Ivana Hradilová , Dubový Petr
Published: August 2013

Background

IL-6 is a typical injury-induced mediator. Together with its receptors, IL-6 contributes to both induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain deriving from changes in activity of primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We used in situ hybridization to provide evidence of IL-6 and IL-6 receptors (IL-6R and gp130) synthesis in DRG along the neuraxis after unilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve as an experimental model of neuropathic pain.

Results

All rats operated upon to create unilateral CCI displayed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in ipsilateral hind paws. Contralateral hind paws and forepaws of both sides exhibited only temporal and nonsignificant changes of sensitivity. Very low levels of IL-6 and IL-6R mRNAs were detected in naïve DRG. IL-6 mRNA was bilaterally increased not only in DRG neurons but also in satellite glial cells (SGC) activated by unilateral CCI. In addition to IL-6 mRNA, substantial increase of IL-6R mRNA expression occurred in DRG neurons and SGC following CCI, while the level of gp130 mRNA remained similar to that of DRG from naïve rats.

Conclusions

Here we evidence for the first time increased synthesis of IL-6 and IL-6R in remote cervical DRG nonassociated with the nerve injury. Our results suggest that unilateral CCI of the sciatic nerve induced not only bilateral elevation of IL-6 and IL-6R mRNAs in L4-L5 DRG but also their propagation along the neuraxis to remote cervical DRG as a general neuroinflammatory reaction of the nervous system to local nerve injury without correlation with signs of neuropathic pain. Possible functional involvement of IL-6 signaling is discussed.
Continuing efficacy of milnacipran following long-term treatment in fibromyalgia: a randomized trial
Authors: Clauw Daniel J , Mease Philip J , Palmer Robert H , Trugman Joel M , Wang Yong
Published: August 2013

Introduction

Previous studies of long-term treatment response in fibromyalgia and other chronic pain states have generally been limited to approximately one year, leaving questions about the longer-term durability of response. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate continuing efficacy of milnacipran by characterizing changes in pain and other fibromyalgia symptoms after discontinuing long-term treatment. The mean length of milnacipran treatment at the time of randomized withdrawal was 36.1 months from initial exposure to milnacipran (range, 17.9 to 54.4 months).

Methods

After completing a long-term, open-label, lead-in study of milnacipran (which followed varying periods of exposure in previous studies), adult patients with fibromyalgia entered the four-week open-label period of the current study for evaluation of ongoing treatment response. After the four-week period to confirm new baseline status, 151 patients taking milnacipran ≥100 mg/day and reporting ≥50% improvement from pre-milnacipran exposure in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores were classified as responders. These responders entered the 12-week, double-blind withdrawal period in which they were randomized 2:1 to continue milnacipran or switched to placebo. The prespecified primary parameter was loss of therapeutic response (LTR), defined as increase in VAS pain score to <30% reduction from pre-milnacipran exposure or worsening of fibromyalgia requiring alternative treatment. Adverse events and vital signs were also monitored.

Results

Time to LTR was shorter in patients randomized to placebo than in patients continuing milnacipran (P < 0.001). Median time to LTR was 56 days with placebo and was not calculable for milnacipran, because less than half of the latter group of patients lost therapeutic response by study end. Additionally, 81% of patients continuing on milnacipran maintained clinically meaningful pain response (≥30% improvement from pre-milnacipran exposure), compared with 58% of patients switched to placebo (sensitivity analysis II; P < 0.001). The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events were 58% and 47% for placebo and milnacipran, respectively. Mean decreases in blood pressure and heart rate were found in both groups, with greater decreases for patients switched to placebo.

Conclusions

Continuing efficacy of milnacipran was demonstrated by the loss of effect following withdrawal of treatment in patients who received an average of three years of milnacipran treatment.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01014585
An Iranian Martyr’s Dilemma
Authors: Talebi Shahla
Published: August 2013

Talebi’s essay emerges at the intersection of the state’s appropriation of martyrdom and the subject’s ethos and act of self-sacrifice, which exceed and transform that appropriation. Through a close reading of two letters sent from the front during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-88), it contemplates the complex desire of its authors to be simultaneously engaged political subjects and martyrs. The analysis attempts to illuminate the dynamic relationship within the official discourse and that which is reproduced through subjects’ interpretations and practices of shahādat. These interpretations are closely tied to the political and existential context of the aftermath of the 1979 Revolution, which despite the harsh political suppression allows for an appropriation of the official views of martyrdom and their evasion, elaboration, or extension. It reveals how a pious citizen utilizes the voice of a martyr to subtly criticize the very state that endorses his views. It also exposes the complex relationships between citizens and state in the Islamic Republic as manifested in the key metaphor of martyrdom. The appearance of the same passage in another letter by another combatant unravels a disjuncture that provides insight into the subjectivity of those who fought and the shared and contested meanings of martyrdom in Iran after the revolution. The essay attempts to offer an interpretation of martyrdom that recognizes the dynamism and complexity of the subjects of the shahid and shahādat instead of reducing them to pathological figures.
“We Unite with Knowledge”
Authors: Kret Abigail Judge
Published: August 2013

The Peoples’ Friendship University was opened in Moscow in 1960 to educate young people from Asia, Africa, and Latin America in medicine, agriculture, engineering, mathematics and science, and law. In addition to being a unique site of Second World-Third World encounter, the university was a symbol around which debates over imperialism, modernity, and development emerged. Instead of simply seeing the university through judgments of “success” or “failure,” this essay offers insight into Soviet self-presentation and its attempt to offer the Third World an alternative path to modernity.
Segment-specific and state-dependent targeting accuracy of the stick insect
Authors: Wosnitza Anne , Engelen Jennifer , Gruhn Matthias
Published: August 2013

In its natural habitat, Carausius morosus climbs on the branches of bushes and trees. Previous work suggested that stick insects perform targeting movements with their hind legs to find support more easily. It has been assumed that the animals use position information from the anterior legs to control the touchdown position of the ipsilateral posterior legs. Here we address the questions if not only the hind but also the middle leg performs targeting, and if targeting is still present in a walking animal when influences of mechanical coupling through the ground are removed. If this were the case, it would emphasize the role of underlying neuronal mechanisms. We studied whether targeting occurred in both legs, when the rostral neighboring leg, i.e. either middle- or front leg, was placed at defined positions relative to the body, and analyzed targeting precision for dependency on the targeted position. Under these conditions, the touchdown positions of the hind legs show correlation to the position of the middle leg parallel and perpendicular to the body axis while only weak correlation exists between the middle and front legs, and only in parallel to the body axis. In continuously walking tethered animals targeting accuracy of hind and middle legs parallel to the body axis was barely different. However, targeting became significantly more accurate perpendicular to the body axis. Our results suggest that a neural mechanism exists for controlling the touchdown position of the posterior leg but that the strength of this mechanism is segment-specific and dependent on the behavioral context in which it is used.
Project of Skete for Holy Trinity Antony of Siya Monastery
Authors: Швецова-Шиловская Елизавета , Ильвицкая Светлана , Il'vickaya Svetlana
Published: August 2013

The project of the skete for the Holy Trinity Antony of Siya monastery is presented. On the base of this project a model of the whole skete complex, which is intended for accomodation of 5–7 people, is developed. We justify the design of the general plan and of the architectural composition of the skete. The construction of the whole skete, as well as the functional relationships between its premises are analyzed.
A Categorial Approach to Latin Syntax
Authors: Casadio Claudia
Published: August 2013

This work investigates the effects of the application of a categorial grammar to Latin syntax. Due to the wide variety of constructions admitted in Latin, the analysis will focus on those properties of lexical items which more directly and intuitively offer the opportunity of evaluating the salient aspects and the effectiveness of the categorial strategy. Subcategorization properties of lexical items and certain word order patterns are considered in this perspective, and a picture of the case system is suggested, representing the traditional cases in terms of the categorial notation implemented by an appropriate system of syntactic features.
Le changement des modes verbaux du latin au roman et l'emploi du réfléchi
Authors: Calboli Gualtiero
Published: August 2013

Cet article est partagé en deux moitiés. Dans la première on prend en considération l’échange indicatif/subjonctif dans le développement du latin aux langues romanes et, plus précisément, la réduction du subjonctif et l’extension de l'indicatif. A cet égard, en examinant les phrases consécutives du type (Balbus) erat ita non superstitiosus, ut (...) sacrificia contemneret (Cic.fin.2,63), l’on observe que le subjonctif est un moyen de déterminer le nom qui corres- pond à l’identification par déterminants pronominaux, selon le critère de la conservation em- ployé dans des études récentes sur les déterminants comme celle de Keenan et Stavi (1986) et de F. Hamm (1989). Mais si le subjonctif dans ces phrases a la même fonction d’identification du nom que le déterminant, on peut conclure que l’emploi de déterminants obligatoires com- me les articles romans (un, le, il) est en rapport direct avec l’extension de l’indicatif et repré- sente, de ce point de vue, une compensation partielle à la réduction du subjonctif. Les deux phénomènes, c’est-à-dire, la réduction du subjonctif et l’extension de déterminants obliga- toires, sont parallèles. Dans la seconde section on emploie le critère de Chomsky selon lequel il y a une règle syntaxique précise pour expliquer l’alternance de Panaphore suus) et du pronom démonstratif (is, ille) et, en reprenant les résultats d’autres travaux précédents, l’au- teur arrive à la conclusion que Panaphore est employée lorsqu’il y a des positions transparen- tes - selon la terminologie des logiciens - non seulement dans la construction de l’AcI, mais aussi dans les propositions avec le subjonctif. Alors Pemploi du réfléchi se, suus (anaphore) dépend du fait que le pronom est pensé par le locuteur, non par le sujet de la phrase princi- pale auquel il se réfère. Dans des positions transparentes où il n’y a pas de liens d’opacité le locuteur est réduit à employer un moyen lexical (se, suus, éautoG, soi-même, him(her)self) qui a dans soi-même l’indication du lien de référence. Ainsi on bouleverse, selon d’ailleurs une opinion qui se trouve aussi chez d’autres chercheurs et en particulier chez M
Zur Forschungsgeschichte der lateinischen Nominalkomposition Per una storia degli studi sulla composizione nominale latina
Authors: Lindner Thomas , Oniga Renato
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the history of the studies on Latin nominal compounding is outlined. In the first part, Th. L. gives an overview of the development from the ancient grammarians to the beginning of scientific research in 19
Vocabulary of the Apocalypse of Paul
Authors: Adamik Tamás
Published: August 2013

In my paper I describe the vocabulary used in the
Subjonctif Latin (-sē) et futur Indien (-sya-)
Authors: Christol Alain
Published: August 2013

The Latin suffix
Un nom de l'arpenteur en latín : agrimēnsor
Authors: Nadjo Léon
Published: August 2013

The main aim of this paper is a linguistic study of
A few remarks on the habeo + object + passive perfect participle construction in archaic Latin, with special reference to lexical semantics and the reanalysis process
Authors: Nuti Andrea
Published: August 2013

In this paper I focus on the contexts that might have favoured the reanalysis process which leads the sequence
Sprachliche Beobachtungen am Formular lateinischer Kaiser-Inschriften des Ostens
Authors: Galdi Giovanbattista
Published: August 2013

In this paper I analysed the language of the Latin official inscriptions discovered in the central-eastern provinces of the Empire (from Raetia to Egypt). I restricted my study to those texts which contain the name and the titles of the emperor (
La morphologie nominale d'après le De analogia de César
Authors: Garcea Alessandro
Published: August 2013

The fragments of Caesar's
Infinitif de narration et présent historique dans les Res Gestae Alexandri Macedonis de Julius Valerius
Authors: Foubert Frederic
Published: August 2013

Few studies have dealt with Julius Valerius' language. The aim of the paper is to analyse the use of the nairative Infinitive and of the historical present in the
The Reflexive NP In A+I- And AcI-Constructions
Authors: Schoof Susanne
Published: August 2013

This article focuses on the distribution of the Latin reflexive personal pronoun in object-control constructions, also known as A+I. and in infinitival Acl-clauses. In object-control constructions, the accusative anaphor
Stratégies de prises en charge énonciatives dans le discours indirect
Authors: Sznajder Lyliane
Published: August 2013

To whom the propositional content and its expression must be attributed in an indirect speech? My aim in this study is to examine different utterance strategies carried out by the narrator within a syntactically indirect speech: the narrator may partly re-delegate the deixis point of view to the characterutterer, or the propositional content might be interpreted as being valid for both speakers; on the contrary, the narrator might intentionally reiterate utterance features attributing the speech to a characterspeaker, even through syntactical discrepancies. All these positions will be examined in the framework of a wider description of the indirect speech.
Connecteurs et mouvements rythmiques (Catulle, c. 64)
Authors: Plantade Emmanuel
Published: August 2013

This paper is dealing with particles such as at, autem, nain, sed. uero. operating in poetical context. These words have been previously described by Kroon 1995 in terms of ‘functional grammar’, so we use her work as a framework for our own insight in Catullus’poem, focusing on the rhythmical moves that particles contribute to provide. Often accounted as clitics, our particles may in fact be stressed by a discourse emphasis. Kroon’s description proves to be sound, even in poetical context, but, according to us, remains, somehow, too abstract, inasmuch as it does not explain the oral dimension of discourse organization.
L'échec des clôtures du dialogue dans les comédies de Plaute
Authors: Roesch Sophie
Published: August 2013

The closing of an exchange requires cooperation from both speakers. When someone wants to end the dialog, whereas the other speaker doesn’t, conflict necessarily arises. The speaker reluctant to end the dialog is going to use every possible means to delay the closing, before the physical separation takes place. To prevent the closing, a speaker will usually use questions or orders, which compel the other to respond and prolong the exchange. He may also resort to summons (audin, sed quid ais) and addi- tions (thanks to the connective particles et, at and sed), or keep on speaking, without paying heed to the other speaker’s desire to leave. Whatever means the speaker may use to hinder the closing, the frequency of such passages in Plautus’ comedies is probably due to their comic effect.
Opera latina: le nouveau site Internet du LASLA
Authors: Denooz Joseph
Published: August 2013

Since 1961 the Laboratory for statistical analysis of ancient languages (LASLA) at the University of Liège has recorded a high number of ancient Latin texts in a computer format. For each of the approximately 1,800,000 words of the corpus lexicological, morphological and syntactical information has been entered. The complete data bank is now accessible through the Internet: an inquiry software package makes it possible for any researcher to look up all occurrences of a specific language feature either in the whole corpus or in the works of a given writer. Research can be done either on a lexis item, or on a type of subordination, or again on the basis of morphological features. The system, which still has to be further developed, is available for anyone who files a request.
Integrating Biology & Math in an Inquiry-Based Student Research Project
Authors: Bakke Leanne , Kieke Michele C. , Krueger Robert
Published: August 2013

In daily life, students are allowed to use words such as “more,” “some,” or “increase–decrease” to describe the relationship between two events. In science, concise description is necessary, which requires the contribution of math. In the summer component of the Science Research Institute program, students integrated essential math concepts with their research questions. Students designed experiments using data-acquisition units to monitor heart rate and pulse in order to obtain enough statistical power to mathematically use the words “more” or “increase–decrease.” Overall, students gained an appreciation for the requirement of math to support the scientific question and research design.
Poder e saude na America do Sul: os congressos sanitarios internacionais, 1870-1889
Authors: Chaves Cleide de Lima
Published: August 2013

Analisa os congressos sanitários internacionais que aconteceram na América do Sul em 1873 e 1887, e que envolveram o Império do Brasil e as Repúblicas da Argentina e do Uruguai, numa perspectiva de integração a eventos similares ocorridos na Europa e na América do Norte a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. Discutem-se os interesses dos países envolvidos no que se refere às relações comerciais e ao fluxo imigratório europeu, diretamente atingidos pelas epidemias, e apontam-se as repercussões desses acordos sanitários nos demais países do continente americano. As convenções sanitárias americanas do final do século XIX representaram as primeiras iniciativas do continente para solucionar os problemas de saúde pública internacional.
Des végétaux et leurs usages chez les peuples du Nord-Cameroun: sélection et mode d'emploi du XIXeau XXesiècle
Authors: Gormo Jean , Nizesete Bienvenu Denis
Published: August 2013

La polyvalence fonctionnelle des végétaux se matérialise à travers les nombreux usages que les peuples du Nord-Cameroun en font. Ils ont mis sur place un savoir -: faire local qui leur a permis d'exploiter de manière efficace leur environnement végétal. La disparition des essences de valeur les oblige à développer d'autres stratégies en relation avec une nouvelle ère marquée par la consommation de produits manufacturés. Le présent article récapitule les principaux usages des plantes par les peuples du Nord-Cameroun, évalue leurs stratégies de mise en valeur des herbacées et des ligneux et interroge sur la validité des dispositions en cours portant sur la préservation du patrimoine végétal mis en péril par l'homme et par la nature.
Memorial de Maria de Lourdes Almeida: historia e enfermagem no Brasil pos-1930
Authors: Campos Paulo Fernando de Souza
Published: August 2013

O Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública redimensionou a formação e a identidade profissional da enfermagem brasileira ao reinserir homens e mulheres negras na profissão - premissa deste artigo fundado no método histórico, que analisa os resultados do Programa Enfermagem a partir da experiência pessoal de uma das protagonistas. As fontes primárias integram documentos anexados ao memorial de Maria de Lourdes Almeida, uma das primeiras bolsistas do serviço, enfermeira chefe do Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara, do Centro de Treinamento da Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo. Considera-se que o Programa Enfermagem, implantado no Brasil durante o Estado Novo, alterou o perfil profissional da enfermagem brasileira pós-1930 e consubstanciou a política intervencionista promovida na era Vargas.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Orticochea Pharyngoplasty for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Management
Authors: Madrid Jose Rolando Prada , Ortega Viviana Gómez , Echeverri Pilar , Velasquez Nathaly Londoño
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose

The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its level of severity associated with Orticochea pharyngoplasty in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency after at least 1 year of the surgical procedure.

Design

Case series prospective descriptive study

Main Outcome Measures

At FISULAB, a rehabilitation center for patients with cleft palate, we studied 37 patients who were treated elsewhere with Orticochea pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency; these patients may or may not have had clinical symptoms related to OSA. All participants underwent a polysomnography sleep study, which was also done in different institutions. We applied the Epworth Sleepiness Scales during the clinical investigation because it is an effective instrument used to measure average daytime sleepiness. Another questionnaire to identify cases of OSA was used. Among other variables studied, the apnea/hypopnea index was the main outcome, while age and type of cleft were secondary variables.

Results

From 37 patients who were studied (100%), we obtained the following results: normal apnea/hypopnea index: seven patients (18.9%); mild apnea/hypopnea index: 14 patients (37.8%); moderate apnea/hypopnea index: eight patients (21.6%); and severe apnea/hypopnea index: eight patients (21.6%)

Conclusions

In this study, we found that more than three quarters (81%) of the patients who were treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency with Orticochea pharyngoplasty presented obstructive sleep apnea when analyzing the apnea/hypopnea index in the polysomnography sleep study.
Cathodic protection on the UK's Midland Links motorway viaducts
Authors: Christodoulou Christian , Sharifi Ali , Das Sunil , Goodier Chris
Published: August 2013

The Midland Links motorway viaducts (MLMV) are a series of reinforced concrete structures comprising 21 km of elevated motorway around the outer circumference of Birmingham. Deterioration was identified early in their serviceable life due to chloride induced corrosion of the steel reinforcement. An electrochemical treatment utilising an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) was successfully trialled in 1987 with the first large-scale commercial application of the treatment on the network in 1991. Since then it has been the principal corrosion management strategy for the MLMV, with 740 structures currently protected by ICCP. The aim of this paper is to offer a brief historical review of the MLMV network, discuss the deterioration mechanisms and review the historical developments of ICCP together with its overall performance as a corrosion-management method. Recent developments in cathodic protection technology and secondary beneficial effects of the ICCP previously not recognised are also discussed on how they can potentially result in significant cost savings for maintenance agencies for this and other similarly protected structures.
Developing a Reporting Guideline for Social and Psychological Intervention Trials
Authors: Montgomery Paul , Mayo-Wilson Evan , Hopewell Sally , Macdonald Geraldine , Moher David , Grant Sean
Published: August 2013

Understanding randomized controlled trials of complex social and psychological interventions requires a detailed description of the interventions tested and the methods used to evaluate them. However, randomized controlled trial reports often omit, or inadequately report, this information.

Incomplete and inaccurate reporting hinders the optimal use of research, wastes resources, and fails to meet ethical obligations to research participants and consumers. We explain how reporting guidelines have improved the quality of reports in medicine, and describe the ongoing development of a new reporting guideline for randomized controlled trials: an extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for social and psychological interventions.

We invite readers to participate in the project by visiting our Web site, to help us reach the best-informed consensus on these guidelines ( http://tinyurl.com/consort-study ).
Evaluation of the New York City Breakfast in the Classroom Program
Authors: Van Wye Gretchen , Seoh Hannah , Adjoian Tamar , Dowell Deborah
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We determined the impact of Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) on the percentage of children going without morning food, number of locations where food was consumed, and estimated calories consumed per child.

Methods. We used a cross-sectional survey of morning food consumed among elementary school students offered BIC and not offered BIC in geographically matched high-poverty-neighborhood elementary schools.

Results. Students offered BIC (n = 1044) were less likely to report not eating in the morning (8.7%) than were students not offered BIC (n = 1245; 15.0%) and were more likely to report eating in 2 or more locations during the morning (51.1% vs 30%). Overall, students offered BIC reported consuming an estimated 95 more calories per morning than did students not offered BIC.

Conclusions. For every student for whom BIC resolved the problem of starting school with nothing to eat, more than 3 students ate in more than 1 location. Offering BIC reduced the percentage of students not eating in the morning but may contribute to excess calorie intake. More evaluation of BIC’s impact on overweight and obesity is needed before more widespread implementation.
Risk of Fatal Injury in Young Children Following Abuse Allegations: Evidence From a Prospective, Population-Based Study
Authors: Putnam-Hornstein Emily , Cleves Mario A. , Licht Robyn , Needell Barbara
Published: August 2013

Objectives. We examined variations in children’s risk of an unintentional or intentional fatal injury following an allegation of physical abuse, neglect, or other maltreatment.

Methods. We linked records of 514 232 children born in California from 1999 to 2006 and referred to child protective services for maltreatment to vital birth and death data. We used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate variations in risk of fatal injury before age 5 years and modeled maltreatment allegations as time-varying covariates.

Results. Children with a previous allegation of physical abuse sustained fatal injuries at 1.7 times the rate of children referred for neglect. Stratification by manner of injury showed that children with an allegation of physical abuse died from intentional injuries at a rate 5 times as high as that for children with an allegation of neglect, yet faced a significantly lower risk of unintentional fatal injury.

Conclusions. These data suggest conceptual differences between physical abuse and neglect. Findings indicate that interventions consistent with the form of alleged maltreatment may be appropriate, and heightened monitoring of young children referred for physical abuse may advance child protection.
Short Leukocyte Telomere Length Predicts Risk of Diabetes in American Indians: the Strong Heart Family Study
Authors: Zhao Jinying , Zhu Yun , Lin Jue , Matsuguchi Tet , Blackburn Elizabeth , Zhang Ying , Cole Shelley A. , Best Lyle G. , Lee Elisa T. , Howard Barbara V.
Published: August 2013

Telomeres play a central role in cellular aging, and shorter telomere length has been associated with age-related disorders including diabetes. However, a causal link between telomere shortening and diabetes risk has not been established. In a well-characterized longitudinal cohort of American Indians participating in the Strong Heart Family Study, we examined whether leukocyte telomere length (LTL) at baseline predicts incident diabetes independent of known diabetes risk factors. Among 2,328 participants free of diabetes at baseline, 292 subjects developed diabetes during an average 5.5 years of follow-up. Compared with subjects in the highest quartile (longest) of LTL, those in the lowest quartile (shortest) had an almost twofold increased risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83 [95% CI 1.26–2.66]), whereas the risk for those in the second (HR 0.87 [95% CI 0.59–1.29]) and the third (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.65–1.38]) quartiles was statistically nonsignificant. These findings suggest a nonlinear association between LTL and incident diabetes and indicate that LTL could serve as a predictive marker for diabetes development in American Indians, who suffer from disproportionately high rates of diabetes.