bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO EM SAÚDE: ESCOPO E DIFERENCIAÇÃO
Authors: Veloso Germany Gonçalves , Malik Ana Maria
Published: April 2016

Evidências mostram que a área acadêmica de administração em saúde não tem uma definição clara e consensual sobre seu escopo e diferenciação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi averiguar se existe uma concepção implícita compartilhada sobre a pesquisa na área. Como base teórica foi utilizado o referencial sobre campos científicos e, como método, foi utilizando a identificação de vocábulos distintivos/construção consensual. Realizou-se um levantamento, entre estudiosos de organizações de saúde, a fim de captar elementos conceituais característicos dos estudos da área, principais diferenciações (especialmente em relação à área de administração), e derivar um consenso implícito. Em paralelo, foi realizada também análise temática a fim de aumentar a validade dos achados. A partir da análise dos dados dos levantamentos foi possível constatar a existência de um consenso latente. Foi também possível elaborar uma definição tentativa sobre estudos em administração em saúde. O estudo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento e fortalecimento da administração em saúde como área de pesquisa e ensino.
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS PRODUTOS TÊXTEIS TRANSFORMADOS PELO PROCESSO DE LOGÍSTICA REVERSA SOBRE A ATITUDE DE COMPRA DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: Nascimento Andréia Fabiana , Garcia Bruna Bezerra Gutierrez , Salles Carolina Amaral , Belo Evilene Rocha , Haro Tairiny Rodrigues de , Takara Thais Akemi , Isabella Giuliana
Published: April 2016

A logística reversa surgiu diante da necessidade de prolongar-se a utilização da matéria-prima e reduzir os impactos ambientais negativos. Esse instrumento de gestão permite a redução de perdas e resíduos de matéria-prima de uma empresa e torna possível o desenvolvimento de novos produtos criando novos ciclos de vidas para eles. Um dos setores que gera grande desperdício, e que possibilita a logística reversa, é o setor de confecções têxteis. Tendo em vista que há muitas perdas da matéria-prima sob a forma de retalhos, aparas e peças rejeitadas, mas que ao mesmo tempo permite a produção de novos produtos como, por exemplo, o artesanato. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho avalia por meio de um experimento se há influência dos produtos têxteis transformados pelo processo de logística reversa na atitude dos consumidores. A atitude do consumidor foi verificada perante a apresentação de tecidos ecologicamente correto com a devida informação de que o produto era ecológico; tecido ecologicamente correto sem informação e tecido normal e não ecológico. O experimento demonstrou que há uma influência positiva do jeans reciclado na atitude de compra do consumidor com informação e sem informação, comparado ao jeans normal. Discussões gerenciais e teóricas são apresentadas.
APLICAÇÃO DO BALANCED SCORECARD NO AUXÍLIO À FORMULAÇÃO DO PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO NO SETOR PÚBLICO: O CASO DAE/UFLA
Authors: Fernandes Alan Gabriel , Furtado Renata Pedretti Morais , Ferreira Patrícia Aparecida
Published: April 2016

Atualmente, um dos principais objetivos das organizações é alcançar melhorias no desempenho organizacional. Ao mesmo tempo, elas estão inseridas em um contexto de incertezas e complexidade que exige flexibilidade frente às exigências e às transformações do ambiente. Neste contexto, a elaboração de um planejamento estratégico adequado às características e pretensões da organização é essencial. O BSC é uma metodologia que auxilia na formulação do planejamento e na definição de objetivos estratégicos para as organizações, sejam elas do setor privado ou público. Assim, este estudo busca fazer uso desta metodologia para desenvolver propostas de objetivos para um departamento didático pedagógico de uma universidade federal. Para tanto, fez-se uso de pesquisa documental, observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas buscando reunir informações que proporcionassem a elaboração desses objetivos. Por fim, pôde-se perceber que o BSC é um instrumento capaz de auxiliar o departamento em estudo no desenvolvimento de um planejamento estratégico eficiente, proporcionando uma visão sistêmica da organização e a visualização da estratégia por meio das relações de causa-efeito entre os objetivos propostos.
Metoda barvově-slovních asociací (takzvané Barvy života) není diagnostickým nástrojem
Authors: Cígler Hynek , Mafková Jana
Published: April 2016

Metoda Barvově slovních asociací (Barvy života) je podle svých autorů určená k diagnostice mnoha značně rozličných charakteristik jednotlivců i kolektivů. Její používání je v určité míře rozšířené na různých typech pracovišť (například na školách, v soukromých firmách), otestovány byly desetitisíce jednotlivců a s jejími výsledky pracovali psychologové, zřejmě nejen v pedagogicko-psychologických poradnách. Tato situace je podle nás alarmující – používání nefunkčních metod k diagnostice tak závažných jevů, jako je například šikana, může na jedné straně stigmatizovat „běžné“ žáky a na straně druhé poškodit skutečné oběti při včasném neodhalení fyzického či psychického násilí. V následujícím článku představíme podrobné důvody, proč není možné metodu Barvy života považovat za psychodiagnostický nástroj a proč nelze její výstupy jakkoli interpretovat. According to its authors was the “Color association method” established to diagnose varied characteristics of individuals and groups as well. This method is currently used at different places (for example at schools or private companies), thousands individuals were tested and some psychologists used its results. This situation is in our opinion alarming – using not-functional method to diagnose important phenomenon, e.g. bullying, can stigmatize “normal” pupils and harm true victims on the other hand. In the article we present detail reasons why the “Color association method” can´t be considered to be appropriate psychological assessment tool and why its results can´t be anyhow interpreted.
K problematice testů studijních předpokladů
Authors: Viktorová Lucie , Charvát Miroslav
Published: April 2016

Součástí přijímacího řízení na vysoké školy jsou často i tzv. testy studijních předpokladů, se kterými se pojí řada psychometrických otázek. V příspěvku se zaměřujeme na problematiku validity těchto testů, a to jak po obsahové, konstruktové, tak i po prediktivní stránce. Z českých i zahraničních výzkumů a zkušeností vyplývá zejména nejasnost definice tzv. „předpokladů ke studiu“ i toho, co je možné považovat za „akademický úspěch“. Zmiňujeme zde výsledky některých studií na toto téma i praktické problémy, které mohou při zjišťování validity testů studijních předpokladů vyvstat. V našich úvahách se přitom opíráme o vlastní zkušenosti z analýz Testu předpokladů ke studiu na FF UP (SPF).
Jak začít s Teorií odpovědi na položku? S pomocí knihy Applying The Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences
Authors: Cígler Hynek
Published: April 2016

Teorie odpovědi na položku (Item Response Theory, IRT) je souhrnné označení pro moderní psychometrické postupy, které již nejsou výhradní doménou tzv. výkonových testů. Ačkoliv v zahraničí jde o značně rozšířený přístup, v České republice jsou zatím metody standardizované prostřednictvím IRT jen ojedinělými pokusy. Přitom využití IRT neklade zvláštní nároky ani na psychometrika při tvorbě testu, ani na psychologa interpretujícího výsledky – spíše naopak. Za touto situaci možná stojí nedostatek domácích textů, které by v krátkosti představily základní výhody a možnosti IRT v podobě srozumitelné pro běžného psychologa bez zvláštního statistického vzdělání. Proto nabízím recenzi na knihu autorů Bonda a Foxové „Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in Human Sciences“ (2001; 2007), která o těchto tématech pojednává velmi přístupnou formou.
Recenze na publikaci Ivany Šnýdrové Psychodiagnostika
Authors: Ježek Stanislav , Beláňová Lenka
Published: April 2016

Přibližně stopadesátistránková maloformátová kniha s prostým názvem Psychodiagnostika, kterou v roce 2008 vydala Grada, je tak špatná, že by za běžných okolností měla být už dávno zavržena a zapomenuta. Bohužel, psychologie v České republice je malým a pomalým trhem, a tak je kniha používána a citována akademiky z nepsychologických, ale i psychologických kateder, a lze ji najít i v sylabech psychodiagnosticky laděných kurzů v Česku i na Slovensku. Proto je potřeba potenciální zájemce i dnes před knihou varovat.
Editorial třetího čísla
Authors: Charvát Miroslav
Published: April 2016

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Dotazník rodičovského přijetí a odmítnutí/kontroly: Recenze metody
Authors: Bouša Ondřej
Published: April 2016

Z teoretického hlediska se jedná o velmi dobře zakotvený nástroj, z metodologického hlediska je aktuálně akceptovatelný s některými výhradami. I přes ně je možné dle mého mínění využívat nástroj nejen výzkumně, ale také v psychologické praxi. Nástroj by měl být aplikován spíše zkušenými psychology, tj. odborníky s ukončeným formálním vzděláním v oboru psychologie a jistou zkušeností s prací s rodinnými systémy.
Bochumský osobnostní dotazník: Recenze metody
Authors: Kuba Jan
Published: April 2016

BIP je v současné verzi metodou, která v rukou zkušeného administrátora poskytuje užitečné informace širokému spektru respondentů. Lze doporučit, aby byl administrátorem nejen psycholog, ale psycholog s relevantní praxí v organizační psychologii, vlastní konzultantskou či poradenskou praxí, což mu umožní při interpretaci a tvorbě závěrečné zprávy poskytnout respondentovi informace s dostatečnou přidanou hodnotou.
Beckova sebeposuzovací škála depresivity pro dospělé: Recenze metody
Authors: Gottfried Jaroslav
Published: April 2016

BDI-II představuje jednoduchý a psychometricky kvalitní nástroj pro zjišťování závažnosti deprese. V případě české adaptace však nejsou k dispozici důkazy o validitě ani reliabilitě a při interpretaci výsledků se používají zahraniční normy. Dokud neproběhne důkladnější standardizace, odhad validity a reliability, stanovení lokálních norem a zjištění senzitivity a specificity, je tento nástroj lepší používat pouze pro výzkumné účely.
Dotazník volby povolání a plánování profesní kariéry: Recenze metody
Authors: Kašpárková Ludmila
Published: April 2016

Dotazník volby povolání a plánování profesní kariéry (Self-Directed Search) je jako takový kvalitním nástrojem pro plánování profesní kariéry, jedná se o uživatelsky příjemnou metodu s širokým spektrem použití. Adekvátní užití metody nepředpokládá žádné zvláštní vzdělání, testovaná osoba si jej administruje samostatně, výhodou je pak následná konzultace s odborníkem. Vhodné je doplnit diagnostiku jiným diagnostickým nástrojem a zamezit tak možným zkreslením plynoucím z nepřiměřeného sebehodnocení. Používání první české verze dotazníku však k praktickému využití nelze doporučit. Hlavním nedostatkem je nedostatečná adaptace metody na naše kulturní prostředí, absence standardizace a po dvaceti letech od vydání i zastaralost. Pro možnost jejího využívání v ČR by bylo nezbytné vytvořit druhé přepracované vydání.
Představení Clinical Assessment scales for the Elderly
Authors: Kunčarová Tamara , Karásková Anna
Published: April 2016

Metoda Clinical Assessment Scales for the Elderly (CASE, Klinická škála pro starší populaci) se jeví jako nástroj, který by bylo možné adaptovat z amerického do českého prostředí za účelem přesnějšího a jednoduššího měření psychopatologie u starších osob. Má potenciál doplnit stávající klinické nástroje a rozšířit tak možnosti diagnostiky, stejně jako ji učinit efektivnější. Je proto na místě přemýšlet o výzkumu možností využití CASE u nás. V následujícím textu tuto metodu popíšeme a představíme její klady a zápory.
Posúdenie potreby poskytovať špeciálno-pedagogické služby: Komplexná správa z vyšetrenia
Authors: Furman Anton
Published: April 2016

Príspevok je publikačne upravená správa z iniciálneho vyšetrenia žiaka, ktorá tvorí podklad pre rozhodnutie evaluačného tímu o tom, či budú danému žiakovi  poskytnuté špeciálno-pedagogické služby v súlade s relevantnými zákonmi upravujúcimi ich poskytovanie v školách v USA. Okrem integrácie diagnostických nálezov a ich interpretácie správa obsahuje súhrn odporúčaní a intervencií, ktoré sú základom pre tvrobu individuálneho vzdelávacieho plánu pre daného žiaka. Príspevok ilustruje spôsob dokumentovania práce školského psychológa, štruktúru komplexnej správy z vyšetrenia, ako aj priblížiť zvyklosti používané pri interpretácii výslekov získaných pomocou štandardizovaných psychodiagnostických nástrojov. Cieľom je tiež prispieť k diskusii o procese diagnostikovania, formulovania záverov z vyšetrení a odporúčaní vhodných intervencií, ktorá v súčasnosti prebieha v českej odbornej verejnosti.This paper is an edited initial evaluation report illustrating the work of a school psychologist and structure of a comprehensive evaluation report used by evaluation teams in making decisions regarding students’ special education services eligibility within the legal framework of pertinent US legislation. In addition to integrating diagnostic data and their interpretation, the report includes summary of recommended interventions and accommodations that inform an individualized education program for the evaluated student. The report also reflects customary way of documenting evaluations and interpretation of data obtained by using standardized instruments as part of psycho-educational diagnostic process.  The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion regarding the diagnostic process, formulating conclusions and recommendations for educational interventions in the context of ongoing changes in the Czech system of psycho-educational counseling.
Multifaktorový osobnostní profil: Recenze metody
Authors: Gálová Lucia
Published: April 2016

Multifaktorový osobnostný profil je inventárom, ktorý má potenciál zaplniť medzeru v testovaniach osobnosti pre použitie v personalistickej praxi. Avšak k vývoju dotazníka vedie dlhšia cesta.Zámer a aplikačné oblasti sú vhodne nastavené. Online nástroj na posúdenie osobnosti je v dnešnej dobe atraktívnejší pre respondentov či zadávateľov (firmy), ktorí chcú o danom jednotlivcovi zistiť konkrétne osobnostné charakteristiky. Aj počítačovo generované správy sú veľkou výhodou v súčasnosti. Avšak je potrebné do úvahy brať aj psychometrické vlastnosti daného nástroja. Validita inventára bola skúmaná v mnohých štúdiách, ale uvedené štúdie neposkytujú dostatočný informačný rámec pre čitateľa, ktorý sa rozumie psychometrike. Rovnako zvýšenú pozornosť vo forme podrobnejších informácií by si zaslúžilo aj sledovanie reliability. Normy a vytvorené referenčné skupiny by potrebovali dopracovať v zmysle detailnejšieho informovania o rozdieloch v rámci pohlavia a iných dôležitých premenných.V súčasnom prevedení je vhodné daný inventár podrobiť detailnejšej analýze a jeho možnosť využitia je v takejto podobe vo výskume. Pri jeho použití pre diagnostiku osobnosti jednotlivca by mala byť Výstupná správa z testovania len doplnkovým meradlom, nakoľko viaceré kroky v analýze psychometrických kvalít je potrebné zvážiť a doplniť.
Dotazník výkonové motivace : Recenze metody
Authors: Mitterová Kristína
Published: April 2016

Vzhľadom k vážnym nedostatkom D-M-V nie je možné využiť ako diagnostickú metódu ani pri orientačnom stanovení výkonovej motivácie.
Metodika dichotickej stimulácie v neuropsychologickej diagnostike
Authors: Špajdel Marián , Jariabková Katarína
Published: April 2016

Dichotická stimulácia sa popri výskume funkčnej asymetrie hemisfér využíva predovšetkým v neuropsychologickej diagnostike. Pri dichotickej stimulácii vyšetrovaná osoba počúva naraz dva odlišné podnety, pričom jeden sa podáva do pravého ucha a druhý do ľavého ucha. Profil laterálnych rozdielov a celkových výkonov v reprodukcii počutých podnetov môže reflektovať mozgové dysfunkcie rozličnej etiológie. V rámci neuropsychologickej diagnostiky možno metodiku využiť pri sledovaní sluchovej diskriminácie a percepcie rečových podnetov, environmentálnych zvukov a sekvencií tónov a ich lateralizácie, pri diagnostike pozornostných a pamäťových procesov a taktiež  pri sledovaní úspešnosti neuropsychologickej rehabilitácie.  Príspevok opisuje nami vytvorenú metodiku dichotickej stimulácie s neverbálnymi a verbálnymi podnetmi (Špajdel, Jariabková, 2008), ktorá obsahuje štyri druhy podnetov: sekvencie tónov, environmentálne zvuky, slabiky, slová. Overovanie metodiky u bežnej populácie ukázalo dobrú test-retestovú reliabilitu. Výkony v dichotickej stimulácii signifikantne korelovali s mozgovou aktivitou meranou prostredníctvom evokovaných potenciálov. Na hodnotenie výkonov môžu slúžiť percentilové normy vytvorené na základe výsledkov 73 pravoručných osôb z bežnej  populácie.The dichotic listening paradigm, in which two different auditory stimuli are presented at the same time − one to each ear, has been widely used to study the nature of hemispheric specialization. Nevertheless, dichotic listening seems to be useful in demonstrating cerebral dysfunction in neurologically impaired patients. Dichotic listening does not tap exclusively the temporal lobe function but other cortical and subcortical areas are also involved what is reflected on specific dichotic listening performance. Our dichotic listening method (Špajdel, Jariabková, 2008) using nonverbal stimuli (environmental sounds, two-tone sequences) as well as verbal stimuli (CV syllables, CVC nouns) is decribed. Test-retest reliability was high for all four tasks administered. We found, that dichotic listening performance is in strong relationship with brain electric  acitivy measured by evoked potentials. Percentile norms based on the performance of 73 right-handed subjects aged 18 – 30 years are ready to use.
Úmyselné skresľovanie odpovedí pri osobnostných dotazníkoch – možnosti využitia sledovania pohybov očí
Authors: Jakubek, PhD. PhDr. Martin , Krafčíková Mgr. Monika
Published: April 2016

Prostredníctvom technológie eye-trackingu sme pri využití vnútrosubjektového dizajnu u 50 pokusných osôb zaznamenávali pohyby očí pri vypĺňaní päťfaktorového osobnostného inventára NEO-FFI v podmienke úprimného vs "fake good" vypĺňania. Výsledky indikujú, že ľudia sú schopní skresľovať odpovede v osobnostnom dotazníku. Participanti inštruovaní skresľovať odpovede za účelom vytvorenia portrétu najvhodnejšieho uchádzača o pracovné miesto po prečítaní otázky častejšie zamerali vizuálnu pozornosť priamo na extrémne typy odpovedí („platí to pre mňa úplne“, „neplatí to pre mňa vôbec“), preukazovali nižší celkový reakčný čas a celkový počet fixácií potrebných na odpovedanie na položky. V kontraste s uvedeným bolo úprimné odpovedanie charakterizované vizuálnou pozornosťou, ktorá po prečítaní otázky častejšie smerovala na stredné možnosti odpovedí („platí to pre mňa prevažne“, ani platí ani neplatí“, „platí to pre mňa len málo“) než na extrémne, celkový čas potrebný na odpovedanie bol dlhší a počet fixácií bol vyšší ako pri skresľovaní. Tieto výsledky sú v zhode s teóriami, ktoré predpokladajú čisto sémantickú interpretáciu položiek osobnostných dotazníkov pri falošnom správaní uchádzačov o zamestnanie. Metóda sledovania pohybov očí pomocou eye‐trackingu sa tak v tomto kontexte javí ako pomerne nádejná.We conducted a laboratory experiment in an experimental design within-participants with a research sample of 50 persons. Eye-tracking technology is used to collect data for detection of eye behavior while responding to a NEO – FFI in „fake good“ and honest condition. Results indicate that people are capable of faking personality test. Participants when instructed to fake good on personality items, for the purpose of making impression as the most suitable job applicant, more often engaged eye behavior characterized by direct fixation to extreme response option after having read the item, also lower response times and less eye fixiations in general. In contrast the pattern of results for answering honestly is characterized by direct fixation of visual attention on the middle response categories, slower response times and more fixations in general. Confirming previous research, our eye-tracking data show more direct evidence for a semantic item interpretation characterization of the response process when faking. We consider eye-tracking technology as valuable and beneficial method in detecting intentional response distortion of personality tests in personal selection process.
Le postmodernisme est un humanisme : structuralisme et dialogique dans Homme papillon (2001) et Icare en émoi… Dédale à cran (2012) de John Rea
Authors: LeBlanc Jimmie
Published: April 2016

Homme papillon (2001) et Icare en émoi (2012) représentent deux oeuvres d’envergure dans le parcours de John Rea, compositeur que l’on associe volontiers au postmodernisme musical. En prenant pour toile de fond certains éléments clés de l’histoire du structuralisme, nous explorerons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les thèmes réaniens de l’humain et du géométrique se rejoignent au carrefour de deux idées fondatrices de la postmodernité : la « mort du sujet », à mettre en lien avec le formalisme qui sous-tend ici l’aspect géométrique, et la « mort de l’auteur », fondement paradoxal de la dialogique qui réhumanise la relation avec le lecteur – et par extension, l’auditeur – dès la fin des années 1960. Ainsi s’esquisseront les lignes d’une sorte d’humanisme postmoderne qui, sans sortir intact de la redéfinition radicale du sujet qui bouleverse la seconde moitié du xxe siècle, n’en demeure pas moins soucieux de remettre l’humain au coeur de ses préoccupations.
Réponses sans questions : portrait-robot de John Rea (enquête)
Authors: McKinley Maxime
Published: April 2016

Cette enquête sur le compositeur, intellectuel et pédagogue John Rea, féru de paradoxes, procède par réponses sans questions. À l’instar de plusieurs de ses oeuvres, c’est plutôt par jeux de souvenirs que l’enquête est menée, en vue d’un portrait-robot. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, cinq personnes liées à John Rea (amis, anciens élèves, collaborateurs, collègues et/ou interprètes) ont été sollicitées pour rédiger librement, sous l’impulsion d’un souvenir leur ayant été mentionné, un bref essai sur l’enquêté. Il s’agit de Jacques Drouin, Michel Gonneville, James Harley, Alexina Louie et Alex Pauk. Dans un deuxième temps, chaque participant a été invité à lire chacun des autres témoignages et les commenter par de brèves notes de lecture. Enfin, en guise de conclusion, nous avons dégagé quelques traits qui, dans ces jeux de mémoires croisées et dépliées, font particulièrement retour. Or, comme dans un escalier de Penrose, ces éléments de réponses, bien que ne répondant à aucune question, en posent plusieurs.
John Rea déballe sa bibliothèque
Authors: Messier Anne Marie , Robert Michel
Published: April 2016

Le compositeur John Rea est un intellectuel qui puise ses influences et sa pensée dans plusieurs champs de connaissance. Nous l’avons invité à dresser des listes de livres selon quelques critères choisis : son passé d’étudiant, ses préoccupations actuelles, les livres qui l’accompagnent depuis longtemps, ses livres précieux, ses recommandations aux amateurs de musique, aux étudiants en musique, ses livres préférés. Chaque catégorie est ensuite discutée pour en saisir les aspects importants pour lui. Il en ressort un parcours intellectuel peu banal marqué par la curiosité de comprendre le monde et d’en tirer des analogies pour son propre travail.
Gradus ad Infernum (troisième partie) : entrevue avec Ferdinand Larven Niemantz, « penseur de la musique » et auteur de Musical Compositions of the Century
Authors: Rea John , Rea Béatrice
Published: April 2016

Dans ce troisième et dernier volet d’une entrevue accordée à John Rea en 1996 par ce « penseur de la musique », Niemantz révèle des rencontres – tant réelles qu’apparentes – jusqu’ici inconnues entre Helmholtz et Brahms, Brahms et Stravinsky, Mann et Niemantz par le biais d’Adorno, et entre Niemantz et Gérard Grisey. Niemantz se prononce également sur une théorie de la couleur instrumentale.
Flip-chip blue LEDs grown on

bulk GaN substrates utilizing photoelectrochemical etching for substrate removal
Authors: Yonkee Benjamin P. , SaifAddin Burhan , Leonard John T. , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji
Published: April 2016

We demonstrate a 440 nm emitting flip-chip GaN LED utilizing photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching for substrate removal. The device was flip-chip-bonded to a thermally conductive silicon carbide substrate, which allowed for CW operation at current densities up to 200 A/cm2 with minimal thermal droop. The PEC etch provided a damage-free method of removing substrates and could allow for substrate reuse. The epitaxially defined etch also exposed a highly doped n-contact layer, which contributed to the low operating voltage of 3.74 V at 400 A/cm2 and a peak wall plug efficiency (WPE) of 7%.
Design and fabrication of a 20 MHz pn-diode silicon ring resonator with in-plane vibration mode
Authors: Asahi Yoichi , Tanigawa Hiroshi , Nishino Tomoki , Furutsuka Takashi , Suzuki Kenichiro
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we report a new microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator based on the pn-diode principle. The pn-diode-based resonator can eliminate the narrow gap that conventional electrostatic MEMS resonators need between driving electrodes. This is expected to solve several serious problems related to fabrication, packaging, and lifetime. However, the resonators previously reported had pn-diodes formed in the vertical direction. Because the resonant frequency is determined by the thickness of the resonator plate, the resonant frequency in formed resonators cannot be changed in the same chip. To solve this problem, we newly design a pn-diode resonator with a lateral vibration. Because the resonant frequency is determined by plate width, this new resonator can provide various resonators with different frequencies in a chip, which is most suitable for the integration of MEMS resonators with electronic circuits. Our research objective at present is related to design and fabrication. By using a simulator, we design a ring resonator of 20 MHz. In the fabrication, we develop a technique of using ion implantation to form a 3-µm-thick pn-diode. The results shown here are very useful for improving the MEMS resonators.
Manejo de plantas voluntárias em sistemas de cultivo com soja, milho e algodão resistentes ao glyphosate
Authors: Petter Fabiano André , Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Silva Alexandre Ferreira da , Morais Leidimar Alves de
Published: April 2016

A introdução de novas tecnologias de cultivo em lavouras de soja, milho e algodão contribuíram para um aumento significativo da produtividade dessas culturas. Dentre os avanços tecnológicos, pode-se destacar a resistência dessas culturas ao herbicida glyphosate, que a princípio proporcionou um melhor controle de plantas daninhas, sobretudo em áreas com uma grande diversidade de espécies. Adicionalmente, também se pode destacar do ponto de vista prático, o aumento do lapso temporal para o controle das plantas daninhas, visto a possibilidade de aplicação do glyphosate em vários estádios fenológicos da cultura RR®. Entretanto, a “comodidade” proporcionada pela possibilidade de aplicação em pós-emergência de glyphosate em culturas como a soja, o milho e algodão, elevou o consumo dessa molécula, acarretando em uso contínuo por parte dos produtores. Tal efeito decorrente desse uso foi o aumento de pressão de seleção e consequentemente a seleção de biótipos resistentes a essa molécula. Adicionalmente a esse aspecto, recentemente têm se verificado a presença de plantas voluntárias de soja, milho e algodão resistentes ao glyphosate em sistemas de manejo principalmente em sucessão de soja-milho e soja-algodão. Tal fato tem elevado os custos de controle e demandado o uso de alternativas para o manejo dessas plantas voluntárias. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com esse trabalho abordar e apresentar algumas estratégias de manejo para o controle de soja, milho e algodão RR® voluntário em sistemas de cultivo em sucessão soja-milho e soja-algodão.
Ação herbicida na severidade de doenças em plantas cultivadas
Authors: Santos Samuel Alves dos , Faria Rodrigo Magalhães , Barros Rodrigo Eduardo , Reis Matheus Mendes , Tuffi-Santos Leonardo David
Published: April 2016

A severidade de doenças em plantas pode ser afetada por práticas, como a aplicação de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas. Por isso, objetivou-se apresentar e discutir a relação do uso de herbicidas na severidade de doenças de plantas cultivadas. Após contato, os patógenos tentam infectar e colonizar os hospedeiros, enquanto que estes também utilizam de mecanismos para se defender da infecção. Os tricomas, a cutícula e as ceras epicuticulares são barreiras à penetração. Compostos fenólicos, enzimas e fitoalexinas são substâncias sintetizadas pelas plantas e tóxicas aos patógenos. A ação herbicida influencia a severidade de doenças de maneira indireta sobre os mecanismos de defesa das plantas ou de forma direta, quando apresenta efeito tóxico aos patógenos. O efeito de adjuvantes presentes na formulação comercial dos herbicidas provoca degradação dos tricomas, das ceras epicuticulares e da cutícula, favorecendo a penetração dos patógenos. Efeitos prejudiciais na fisiologia e metabolismo secundário das plantas, provocados por herbicidas, afeta a síntese de compostos de defesa supracitados. Entretanto, as moléculas herbicidas podem inibir a germinação de esporos e crescimento de hifas fúngicas, o que implica na redução da infecção e colonização. Pontos necróticos decorrentes da ação herbicida podem tornar as plantas menos propensas à ocorrência de ferrugens, míldios e oídios que são causadas por fungos biotróficos. Os herbicidas ainda possuem efeitos secundários como a redução populacional de plantas hospedeiras alternativas e de insetos vetores. A relação entre herbicidas e severidade de doenças em culturas figura como importante ferramenta para o manejo fitossanitário de forma integrada.
Unlocking the full potential of Earth observation during the 2015 Texas flood disaster
Authors: Schumann G. J‐P. , Frye S. , Wells G. , Adler R. , Brakenridge R. , Bolten J. , Murray J. , Slayback D. , Policelli F. , Kirschbaum D. , Wu H. , Cappelaere P. , Howard T. , Flamig Z. , Clark R. , Stough T. , Chini M. , Matgen P. , Green D. , Jones B.
Published: April 2016

Intense rainfall during late April and early May 2015 in Texas and Oklahoma led to widespread and sustained flooding in several river basins. Texas state agencies relevant to emergency response were activated when severe weather then ensued for 6 weeks from 8 May until 19 June following Tropical Storm Bill. An international team of scientists and flood response experts assembled and collaborated with decision‐making authorities for user‐driven high‐resolution satellite acquisitions over the most critical areas; while experimental automated flood mapping techniques provided daily ongoing monitoring. This allowed mapping of flood inundation from an unprecedented number of spaceborne and airborne images. In fact, a total of 27,174 images have been ingested to the USGS Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) Explorer, except for the SAR images used. Based on the Texas flood use case, we describe the success of this effort as well as the limitations in fulfilling the needs of the decision‐makers, and reflect upon these. In order to unlock the full potential for Earth observation data in flood disaster response, we suggest in a call for action (i) stronger collaboration from the onset between agencies, product developers, and decision‐makers; (ii) quantification of uncertainties when combining data from different sources in order to augment information content; (iii) include a default role for the end‐user in satellite acquisition planning; and (iv) proactive assimilation of methodologies and tools into the mandated agencies.
Characterization of Xe‐133 global atmospheric background: Implications for the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty
Authors: Achim Pascal , Generoso Sylvia , Morin Mireille , Gross Philippe , Le Petit Gilbert , Moulin Christophe
Published: April 2016

Monitoring atmospheric concentrations of radioxenons is relevant to provide evidence of atmospheric or underground nuclear weapon tests. However, when the design of the International Monitoring Network (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty (CTBT) was set up, the impact of industrial releases was not perceived. It is now well known that industrial radioxenon signature can interfere with that of nuclear tests. Therefore, there is a crucial need to characterize atmospheric distributions of radioxenons from industrial sources—the so‐called atmospheric background—in the frame of the CTBT. Two years of Xe‐133 atmospheric background have been simulated using 2013 and 2014 meteorological data together with the most comprehensive emission inventory of radiopharmaceutical facilities and nuclear power plants to date. Annual average simulated activity concentrations vary from 0.01 mBq/m3 up to above 5 mBq/m3 nearby major sources. Average measured and simulated concentrations agree on most of the IMS stations, which indicates that the main sources during the time frame are properly captured. Xe‐133 atmospheric background simulated at IMS stations turn out to be a complex combination of sources. Stations most impacted are in Europe and North America and can potentially detect Xe‐133 every day. Predicted occurrences of detections of atmospheric Xe‐133 show seasonal variations, more accentuated in the Northern Hemisphere, where the maximum occurs in winter. To our knowledge, this study presents the first global maps of Xe‐133 atmospheric background from industrial sources based on two years of simulation and is a first attempt to analyze its composition in terms of origin at IMS stations.
Reducing Binge Drinking in Adolescents through Implementation of the Strategic Prevention Framework
Authors: Anderson‐Carpenter Kaston D. , Watson‐Thompson Jomella , Chaney Lisa , Jones Marvia
Published: April 2016

The Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF) is a conceptual model that supports coalition‐driven efforts to address underage drinking and related consequences. Although the SPF has been promoted by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Prevention and implemented in multiple U.S. states and territories, there is limited research on the SPF's effectiveness on improving targeted outcomes and associated influencing factors. The present quasi‐experimental study examines the effects of SPF implementation on binge drinking and enforcement of existing underage drinking laws as an influencing factor. The intervention group encompassed 11 school districts that were implementing the SPF with local prevention coalitions across eight Kansas communities. The comparison group consisted of 14 school districts that were matched based on demographic variables. The intervention districts collectively facilitated 137 community‐level changes, including new or modified programs, policies, and practices. SPF implementation supported significant improvements in binge drinking and enforcement outcomes over time (p < .001), although there were no significant differences in improvements between the intervention and matched comparison groups (p > .05). Overall, the findings provide a basis for guiding future research and community‐based prevention practice in implementing and evaluating the SPF.
Cytogenetic highlights and transitions
Authors: Spinner Nancy B.
Published: April 2016

Medical cytogenetics, genetic diagnostics, and medical genetics had their origins in the late 1950's, as evaluation of human chromosomes became possible, and it was recognized that chromosomal abnormalities could cause a variety of clinical phenotypes. Dr. Laird Jackson began his medical and scientific career just as this field was emerging and he was an early adopter and driver of several key trends in the development of these fields, notably in the area of prenatal diagnostics. Laird's greatest impact was in his work to demonstrate the clinical utility of amniocentesis, chorionic villous sampling, and chromosomal microarray analysis for prenatal diagnosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerating spontaneous emission in open resonators
Authors: Ginzburg Pavel
Published: April 2016

Strength of light‐matter interactions and radiative dynamics of emitters could be controlled with structuring of electromagnetic environment. While local and cross density of electromagnetic states are routinely used for predicting total and radiative decay rates in the weak coupling regime, resonant nanostructures offer going beyond this description, giving rise to new phenomena. Correlated time‐evolution of a strongly coupled emitter‐nanoresonator system and nonradiative channels are shown here to predefine the radiative decay dynamics and lead to substantial shortening in characteristic emission times. Quantum formalism, based on stochastic Hamiltonian treatment of radiative and nonradiative processes, was generalized for describing light‐matter interactions in vicinity of open nano‐resonators. The developed theory was subsequently applied to spontaneous emission dynamics of emitters, situated next to metal surfaces, supporting stopped light resonant conditions. Over four orders of magnitude lifetime shortening was predicted to be detectable in the far‐field. The interplay between strong and weak coupling regimes, enabled by resonant nanostructures, could serve as a platform for ultrafast opto‐electronic components, fluorescent labels and others.
Hierarchical Integration of Photosensitizing Metal–Organic Frameworks and Nickel‐Containing Polyoxometalates for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kong Xiang‐Jian , Lin Zekai , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Zhang Teng , Lin Wenbin
Published: April 2016

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a tunable platform for hierarchically integrating multiple components to effect synergistic functions that cannot be achieved in solution. Here we report the encapsulation of a Ni‐containing polyoxometalate (POM) [Ni4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]10− (Ni4P2) into two highly stable and porous phosphorescent MOFs. The proximity of Ni4P2 to multiple photosensitizers in Ni4P2@MOF allows for facile multi‐electron transfer to enable efficient visible‐light‐driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with turnover numbers as high as 1476. Photophysical and electrochemical studies established the oxidative quenching of the excited photosensitizer by Ni4P2 as the initiating step of HER and explained the drastic catalytic activity difference of the two POM@MOFs. Our work shows that POM@MOF assemblies not only provide a tunable platform for designing highly effective photocatalytic HER catalysts but also facilitate detailed mechanistic understanding of HER processes.
Facile Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of p‐Type SnSe Nanoplates with Exceptional Thermoelectric Power Factors
Authors: Han Guang , Popuri Srinivas R. , Greer Heather F. , Bos Jan‐Willem G. , Zhou Wuzong , Knox Andrew R. , Montecucco Andrea , Siviter Jonathan , Man Elena A. , Macauley Martin , Paul Douglas J. , Li Wen‐guang , Paul Manosh C. , Gao Min , Sweet Tracy , Freer Robert , Azough Feridoon , Baig Hasan , Sellami Nazmi , Mallick Tapas K. , Gregory Duncan H.
Published: April 2016

A surfactant‐free solution methodology, simply using water as a solvent, has been developed for the straightforward synthesis of single‐phase orthorhombic SnSe nanoplates in gram quantities. Individual nanoplates are composed of {100} surfaces with {011} edge facets. Hot‐pressed nanostructured compacts (Eg≈0.85 eV) exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power factors (S2σ) at 550 K. S2σ values are 8‐fold higher than equivalent materials prepared using citric acid as a structure‐directing agent, and electrical properties are comparable to the best‐performing, extrinsically doped p‐type polycrystalline tin selenides. The method offers an energy‐efficient, rapid route to p‐type SnSe nanostructures.
Enantioselective, Stereodivergent Hydroazidation and Hydroamination of Allenes Catalyzed by Acyclic Diaminocarbene (ADC) Gold(I) Complexes
Authors: Khrakovsky Dimitri A. , Tao Chuanzhou , Johnson Miles W. , Thornbury Richard T. , Shevick Sophia L. , Toste F. Dean
Published: April 2016

The gold‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroazidation and hydroamination reactions of allenes are presented herein. ADC gold(I) catalysts derived from BINAM were critical for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity in both transformations. The sense of enantioinduction is reversed for the two different nucleophiles, allowing access to both enantiomers of the corresponding allylic amines using the same catalyst enantiomer.
Hamamelitannin Analogues that Modulate Quorum Sensing as Potentiators of Antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Vermote Arno , Brackman Gilles , Risseeuw Martijn D. P. , Vanhoutte Bieke , Cos Paul , Van Hecke Kristof , Breyne Koen , Meyer Evelyne , Coenye Tom , Van Calenbergh Serge
Published: April 2016

The modulation of bacterial communication to potentiate the effect of existing antimicrobial drugs is a promising alternative to the development of novel antibiotics. In the present study, we synthesized 58 analogues of hamamelitannin (HAM), a quorum sensing inhibitor and antimicrobial potentiator. These efforts resulted in the identification of an analogue that increases the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus towards antibiotics in vitro, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in a mouse mammary gland infection model, without showing cytotoxicity.
Effect of temperature and concentration of acetylated‐lignin solutions on dry‐spinning of carbon fiber precursors
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ogale Amod A.
Published: April 2016

Carbon fibers derived from biomass such as lignin have received increasing attention due to the sustainability of the precursor. In this study, partially acetylated softwood Kraft lignin (Ace‐SKL) was investigated for the purpose of dry‐spinning into carbon fiber precursors. The viscosity of solutions prepared from different concentrations of acetylated‐lignin and acetone were investigated at high shear rates encountered during fiber spinning. Ace‐SKL solutions displayed a significant shear‐thinning behavior at all temperatures studied with power‐law exponents ranging from 0.33 to 0.82, confirming the macromolecular nature of the Ace‐SKL lignin/acetone solutions. As expected, elevated temperatures led to lower viscosities and facilitated extrusion at moderate pressures. Dry‐spinning was performed over a range of concentrations and temperatures. Fibers obtained from room temperature dry‐spinning displayed a relatively smooth surface but the pressure drop was excessive. Lignin fibers from elevated temperatures spinning displayed more crenulated surface pattern, and more crenulations achieved for fibers spun at higher temperatures. Presence of some doubly‐convex and sharp crevices was found on fibers produced from solutions containing lower concentrations (1.85 and 2.00 g lignin/mL solvent). In contrast, no crevices were found on the fibers obtained from the concentrated solution (2.15 g/mL), likely due to the reduced extent of solvent out‐diffusion. It was observed that the sharp crevices found in the lignin fibers spun at lower concentrations led to carbon fibers with occlusion type defects, thence reduced strength. In summary, this study elucidates the importance of precursor composition and processing conditions on microstructure and properties of resulting precursor and carbon fibers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43663.
Out of sight, out of mind: Do repeating students overlook online course components?
Authors: Holland Jane , Clarke Eric , Glynn Mark
Published: April 2016

E‐Learning is becoming an integral part of undergraduate medicine, with many curricula incorporating a number of online activities and resources, in addition to more traditional teaching methods. This study examines physical attendance, online activity, and examination outcomes in a first‐year undergraduate medical program. All 358 students who completed the Alimentary System module within the first semester of the program were included, 30 of whom were repeating the year, and thus the module. This systems‐based, multidisciplinary module incorporated didactic lectures, cadaveric small group tutorials and additional e‐Learning resources such as online histology tutorials. Significant differences were demonstrated in physical attendance and utilization of online resources between repeating students and those participating in the module for the first time. Subsequent analyses confirmed that physical attendance, access of online lecture resources, and utilization of online histology tutorials were all significantly correlated. In addition, both physical attendance and utilization of online resources significantly correlated with summative examination performance. While nonattendance may be due to a variety of factors, our data confirm that significant differences exist in both physical attendance and online activity between new entrants and repeating students, such that all students repeating a module or academic year should be routinely interviewed and offered appropriate supports to ensure that they continue to engage with the program. While the development of complex algorithmic models may be resource intensive, using readily available indices from virtual learning environments is a straightforward, albeit less powerful, means to identify struggling students prior to summative examinations. Anat Sci Educ 9: 555–564. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
ChemInform Abstract: LUMINESCENCE OF DOPED AND UNDOPED ALUMINUM TUNGSTATE, SCANDIUM TUNGSTATE, AND LUTETIUM TUNGSTATE
Authors: BLASSE G. , OUWERKERK M.
Published: April 2016

Als Dotierungsmittel werden Eu" und Cr3 verwendet.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATION ON THE KINETICS OF ELECTROREDUCTION PROCESSES AT DARK TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND STRONTIUM TITANATE SINGLE CRYSTAL SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES
Authors: VANDERMOLEN J. , GOMES W. P. , CARDON F.
Published: April 2016

Der kathodische Dunkelstrom an Nbdotierten NiOz‐ und durch partielle Reduktion in H2 halbleitend gemachten SrTiO3 ‐Elektroden in wäßrigen Fe(CN)6′‐, F e3 ‐ oder IrClä ′‐Lösungen wird als Funktion der angelegten Spannung, der Konzentration des oxidierenden Reagenzes sowie des pH gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: EQUILIBRIUM GAS PHASE COMPOSITION OF IIB/VIA COMPOUNDS AND IDENTIFICATION OF GASEOUS MEX(G) MOLECULES
Authors: GRADE M. , HIRSCHWALD W.
Published: April 2016

Im Verlauf von Untersuchungen des Verdampfungs‐ Verhaltens von 12 IIB/VIA‐Verbindungen des Typs MX (M: Zn, Cd, Hg; X: O, S, Se, Te) unter Gleichgewichtsbedingungen gelingt mit Hilfe der Hochtemp.‐Massenspektrometrie für die 7 Vertreter ZnO, CdO, HgO, CdS, HgS, ZnSe und CdSe der Nachweis stabiler MX‐Moleküle in der Gasphase.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE THERMODYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF COBALT OXIDE (CO3O4)
Authors: OPPERMANN H. , STOEVER G. + , CHRIPLOWITSCH L. M. , PAUKOV I. E.
Published: April 2016

durch Messung des Zers.‐Druckes gemäß Reaktion A im Membrannullmanometer als Funktion der Temperatur.
ChemInform Abstract: DEALUMINATED MOLECULAR SIEVES OF Y TYPE. DETERMINATION OF MICRO AND SECONDARY PORE VOLUMES BY ADSORPTION MEASUREMENTS
Authors: LOHSE U. , STACH H. , THAMM H. , SCHIRMER W. , ISIRIKJAN A. A.
Published: April 2016

Für den aus Zeolith NaY hergestellten dealuminierten Zeolith US‐Ex (99% S102) werden die Adsorptionsisothermen von n‐Pentan, n‐Hexan, Benzol und N2 gemessen und mit denen von Zeolith NaY verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE SOLID STATE REACTION BETWEEN COPPER(II) OXIDE AND TUNGSTEN(VI) OXIDE
Authors: LAZZARI M. , BICELLI L. P. , RIVOLTA B.
Published: April 2016

Die Festkörperreak‐ tion zwischen CuO und WO3 zu CuWO4‐.x wird mit Hilfe der Kontaktmethode in Luft und N2 untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE WATER‐CATALYZED REACTION OF CHLORINE AND IODINE IN TETRACHLOROMETHANE
Authors: HASS D. , BECHSTEIN O. , MELENK S.
Published: April 2016

Das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz der Titelreaktion wird zu r = k[C12][I2][H2O] ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE HIGH YIELD SYNTHESIS OF TRANS‐DIFLUORODIAZENE (TRANS‐N2F2)
Authors: MUENCH V. + , SELIG H.
Published: April 2016

Die Einlagerungsverbindung von Arsenpentafluorid in Graphit (I) überführt das Tetrafluorhydrazin (II) vorzugsweise in das trans‐Difluordiazen (IV).