bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it safe to perform cardiac catheterizations on adults with congenital heart disease in a pediatric catheterization laboratory?
Authors: Garekar Swati , Paules Melissa M. , Reddy Surendranath V. , Turner Daniel R. , Sanjeev Sanjeev , Wynne Joshua , Epstein Michael L. , Karpawich Peter P. , Ross Robert D. , Forbes Thomas J.
Published: October 2005

Objective: To determine the complication rate during the catheterization in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) in a pediatric catheterization laboratory (PCL). Background: An increasing number of patients with CHD are surviving into adulthood, with diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization being essential for the management of their disease. The complication rate during the catheterization of adults with CHD has not been reported. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all adult patients (>18 years) with CHD who underwent diagnostic or interventional catheterization in our PCL within the past 8.5 years. Results: A total of 576 procedures were performed on 436 adult patients (median age 26 years). Complex heart disease was present in 387/576 (67%) procedures. An isolated atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale was present in 115/576 (20%) procedures, and 51/576 (9%) procedures were performed on patients with structurally normal hearts with arrhythmias. Interventional catheterization was performed in 378/576 (66%) procedures. There were complications during 61/576 (10.6%) procedures; 19 were considered major and 42 minor. Major complications were death (1), ventricular fibrillation (1), hypotension requiring inotropes (7), atrial flutter (3), retroperitoneal hematoma, pneumothorax, hemothorax, aortic dissection, renal failure, myocardial ischemia and stent malposition (1 each). The most common minor complications were vascular entry site hematomas and hypotension not requiring inotropes. Procedures performed on patients ≥ 45 years of age had a 19% occurrence of complications overall compared with 9% occurrence rate in patients of age < 45 years (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The complication rate during the catheterization of adults with CHD in a PCL is similar to the complication rate of children with CHD undergoing cardiac catheterization. The older subset of patients are more likely to encounter complications overall. The encountered complications could be handled effectively in the PCL. With screening in place, it is safe to perform cardiac catheterization on most adults with CHD in a PCL. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlates of breast reconstruction
Authors: Morrow Monica , Mujahid Mahasin , Lantz Paula M. , Janz Nancy K. , Fagerlin Angela , Schwartz Kendra , Liu Lihua , Deapen Dennis , Salem Barbara , Lakhani Indu , Katz Steven J.
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND

Immediate or early postmastectomy breast reconstruction is performed infrequently. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding surgeon or patient perspectives on reconstruction treatment decisions. The purpose of the current study was to identify patient attitudes and preferences associated with breast reconstruction, and whether these differed by race.

METHODS

A sample of women age ≤ 79 years who were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast carcinoma between December 2001 and January 2003 was identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries of Detroit and Los Angeles. Eligible subjects completed a questionnaire at a mean of 7 months after diagnosis. The Wald chi‐square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Of the 1844 respondents, 646 underwent a mastectomy (35.0% of the total sample) and 245 of these patients received breast reconstruction (38.0%; of the mastectomy group). On multivariate analysis, younger patient age, higher educational levels, and earlier stage of disease were found to be significantly associated with breast reconstruction. Although 78.2% of women reported that breast reconstruction was discussed, only 11.2% correctly answered 3 basic knowledge questions regarding the procedure. The desire to avoid more surgery was the most common reason for not undergoing breast reconstruction.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study found that the majority of women were aware of breast reconstruction but choose not to undergo the procedure. Lack of knowledge and a greater perception of barriers to the procedure were more common among African‐American patients and women with a lower education level, suggesting a need for improved educational strategies. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Family physician consultation patterns indicate high risk for early‐onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lask Bryan , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel , Wright Fiona , Campbell Mari , Willoughby Kate , Waller Glenn
Published: October 2005

Objective

There is often a delay in the recognition of early‐onset anorexia nervosa. The current study aimed to determine whether there are specific patterns in the frequency and content of family physician consultations that might predict its onset.

Method

Lifetime number and type of family physician consultations were recorded for three groups: (a) an index group comprising 19 girls with anorexia nervosa, onset under 14; (b) a clinical control group comprising 19 girls with an emotional disorder; and (c) a nonclinical group comprising 19 girls with no history of mental health problems.

Results

Both clinical groups had an elevated number of consultations, particularly in the 5 years before diagnosis. The index group had a significantly higher number of eating, weight, and shape consultations (especially in the year before diagnosis), whereas the clinical control group had a greater number of psychological consultations.

Conclusion

A single consultation about eating behaviour or weight and shape concerns is a strong predictor of the subsequent emergence of anorexia nervosa. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advanced anorexia nervosa, associated with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and soft‐tissue emphysema without Esophageal lesion
Authors: Danzer Gerhard , Mulzer Johanna , Weber Gerrit , Lembke Alexander , Kocalevent Rüya , Klapp Burghard F.
Published: October 2005

Objective

We describe the case of a 20‐year‐old female patient suffering from anorexia nervosa since the age 15 of years. When admitted, she was 168 cm tall with a weight of 35 kg (body mass index [BMI] = 12.4). A week after admission, the patient complained of retrosternal pain, and a few hours later she developed extensive soft‐tissue emphysema.

Methods

The X‐ray picture of her thorax showed left‐hand supraclavicular and infraclavicular emphysema, extensive emphysema in both sides of the soft tissue of the throat, a left‐hand apical pneumothorax (4 mm), and a pneumomediastinum.

Results

We discuss the extent to which these symptoms are interrelated in the sense of a causal nexus.

Conclusion

We ruled out any other differential‐diagnostic etiopathogenic factors and concluded that the cause of our patient's soft‐tissue emphysema, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum might well be autodestructive behavior. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonally bound ovopathy versus “temperature at conception” as cause for anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders
Authors: Jongbloet Piet Hein , Groenewoud Hans M.M. , Roeleveld Nel
Published: October 2005

Objective

A preponderance of births between April and June in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and other eating disorders (EDs) has recently been explained by a higher environmental temperature at conception. This hypothesis, however, does not explain some other irregularities in the month of birth distribution in contrast to the seasonal preovulatory overripeness ovopathy (SPrOO) and seasonal optimally ripened oocytes (SOptRO) hypotheses.

Method

The month of birth distribution of 408 patients with EDs from Southeast England and of 199 patients from Australia has been reassessed in relation to previously determined high‐risk and low‐risk months based on a priori knowledge from mammals and on the physiologic birth peaks and troughs in humans at population level. The differences between high‐risk and low‐risk months were assessed by conventional chi‐square analyses and by relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

In England, fewer AN patients (n = 259) were born at the peaks of the total birth pattern, that is, during the 2 low‐risk months, and more were born during the transitional stages, that is, during the remaining 10 high‐risk months (p = .004; RR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.13–2.41]). After the addition of 149 other ED patients (n = 408), this result remained (p = .005; RR = 1.47 [95% CI = 1.10–1.97]). Similar results were found in 199 ED patients from Australia (p = .009; RR =1.70 [95% CI = 1.09–2.64]).

Conclusion

ED patients appear to be more frequently conceived during the transitional stages of the ovulatory pattern due to SPrOO and less frequently at the ovulatory peaks due to SOptRO. The pathophysiologic processes of oocyte maturation in estrous animals and the circumstantial evidence of similar phenomena in humans are more appropriate to explain these coincidences than the temperature at conception hypothesis. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parents' reports of the body shape and feeding habits of 36‐month‐old children: An investigation of gender differences
Authors: Holm‐Denoma Jill M. , Lewinsohn Peter M. , Gau Jeffrey M. , Joiner Thomas E. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth , Otamendi Ainhoa
Published: October 2005

Objective

The current study examined parental perception of offspring body shape, differential reporting of offspring eating behaviors by mothers and fathers, and gender‐specific patterns of offspring feeding habits.

Methods

Parents of a community sample of 36‐month‐old children (N = 93) completed measures regarding their offspring's feeding patterns and body shape.

Results

Results revealed noteworthy correlates (e.g., concerns about their child's appetite) of parental perception of offspring weight status. They further suggested that mothers and fathers often differed in their accounts of their child's eating habits, and that parents report certain eating behaviors differently depending on the gender of their child.

Conclusion

Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can we simultaneously work toward the prevention of obesity and eating disorders in children and adolescents?
Authors: Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne
Published: October 2005

Because of the growing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents, increased attention is being directed toward its prevention. An important question is: Can we simultaneously work toward the prevention of obesity and eating disorders? To address this question, we need to determine (a) if there is a need for integrated approaches; (b) if we can bridge the fields of obesity and eating disorders; (c) if we can foster the development of environments that promote healthy eating and physical activity choices and the acceptance of diverse body shapes and sizes; and (d) if we can work toward the development of interventions that have relevance to a broad spectrum of weight‐related conditions and behaviors. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microarray‐based CGH of sporadic and syndrome‐related pheochromocytomas using a 0.1–0.2 Mb bacterial artificial chromosome array spanning chromosome arm 1p
Authors: Aarts Marieke , Dannenberg Hilde , deLeeuw Ronald J. , van Nederveen Francien H. , Verhofstad Albert A. , Lenders J. W. , Dinjens Winand N. M. , Speel Ernst Jan M. , Lam Wan L. , de Krijger Ronald R.
Published: October 2005

Pheochromocytomas (PCC) are relatively rare neuroendocrine tumors, mainly of the adrenal medulla. They arise sporadically or occur secondary to inherited cancer syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN2), von Hippel‐Lindau disease (VHL), or neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). Loss of 1p is the most frequently encountered genetic alteration, especially in MEN2‐related and sporadic PCC. Previous studies have revealed three regions of common somatic loss on chromosome arm 1p, using chromosome‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and LOH analysis. To investigate these chromosomal aberrations with a higher resolution and sensitivity, we performed microarray‐based CGH with 13 sporadic and 11 syndrome‐related (10 MEN2A‐related and 1 NF1‐related) tumors. The array consisted of 642 overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones mapped to 1p11.2‐p36.33. Chromosomal deletions on 1p were detected in 18 of 24 cases (75%). Among 9 tumors with partial 1p loss, the deleted region was restricted to 1cen‐1p32.3 in six cases (25%), indicating a region of genetic instability. The consensus regions of deletion in this study involved 1cen‐1p21.1, 1p21.3‐1p31.3, and 1p34.3‐1p36.33. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that chromosome arm 1p is the site for multiple tumor suppressor genes, although the potential candidate genes CDKN2C and PTPRF/LAR are not included in these regions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and growth of ultrasmall protein microcrystals by synchrotron radiation: II. µGISAX and microscopy of lysozyme
Authors: Pechkova Eugenia , Nicolini Claudio
Published: October 2005

The early steps of growth and nucleation of the lysozyme microcrystals by classical and nanotemplate‐based hanging vapor diffusion methods are studied using µGISAXS at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France. Out‐of‐plane cuts in the Yoneda regions of the 2D scattering profiles point to the detection of ultrasmall lysozyme crystals by µGISAXS quite before than by light microscopy. Furthermore lysozyme crystal formation occurs quite earlier with the nanotemplate than with the classical method. Our data are compatible with two distinct modes of crystal nucleation and growth for P450sc and lysozyme. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knocking down PML impairs p53 signaling transduction pathway and suppresses irradiation induced apoptosis in breast carcinoma cell MCF‐7
Authors: Bao‐Lei Tian , Zhu‐Zhong Mei , Yi Song , Jun‐Jie Qian , Yan Dong , Hua Liu , Bin Liu , Guo‐Wei Zhao , Zhi‐Xian Sun
Published: October 2005

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) can selectively and dynamically recruit a number of proteins including p53 to form a sub‐nuclear multiprotein chamber named PML‐NBs. In DNA damage response, p53 is recruited into PML‐NBs and modified by phosphorylations and acetylations, which in turn potentiate its transcriptional and pro‐apoptotic activities. In contrast, in carcinoma cells, the role of PML in the irradiation induced p53‐mediated apoptosis is not precisely understood. In this study, we have used the breast carcinoma cell line, MCF‐7, and stably suppressed the expression of PML. Inhibition of PML expression had no detectable effect on the expression of endogenous p53 at the mRNA level; however, a significant decrease of p53 protein was observed. There was also an increase in the p53–MDM2 complexes, which may facilitate p53 protein degradation by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, also in irradiation treated cells. The p53 transcriptional activity was attenuated both in unstressed and 10 Gy irradiation treated cells. Moreover, inhibition of PML expression in MCF‐7 cells significantly reduced p53 downstream genes, cell cycle arrest gene p21WAF/cip−1 and pro‐apoptotic gene Bax expression, then irradiation‐induced apoptosis. These results suggest that PML is a key regulator in the irradiation activated p53 apoptotic pathway in breast carcinoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MAP kinases p38 and JNK are activated by the steroid hormone 1α,25(OH)2‐vitamin D3 in the C2C12 muscle cell line
Authors: Buitrago Claudia G. , Ronda Ana C. , Boland Ana Russo de , Boland Ricardo
Published: October 2005

In chick skeletal muscle cell primary cultures, we previously demonstrated that 1α,25(OH)2‐vitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], the hormonally active form of vitamin D, increases the phosphorylation and activity of the extracellular signal‐regulated mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase isoforms ERK1 and ERK2, their subsequent translocation to the nucleus and involvement in DNA synthesis stimulation. In this study, we show that other members of the MAP kinase superfamily are also activated by the hormone. Using the muscle cell line C2C12 we found that 1α,25(OH)2D3 within 1 min phosphorylates and increases the activity of p38 MAPK. The immediately upstream mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/MKK6) were also phosphorylated by the hormone suggesting their participation in p38 activation. 1α,25(OH)2D3 was able to dephosphorylate/activate the ubiquitous cytosolic tyrosine kinase c‐Src in C2C12 cells and studies with specific inhibitors imply that Src participates in hormone induced‐p38 activation. Of relevance, 1α,25(OH)2D3 induced in the C2C12 line the stimulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase activating protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP‐kinase 2) and subsequent phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in a p38 kinase activation‐dependent manner. Treatment with the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, blocked p38 phosphorylation caused by the hormone and inhibited the phosphorylation of its downstrean substrates. 1α,25(OH)2D3 also promotes the phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal protein kinases (JNK 1/2), the response is fast (0.5–1 min) and maximal phosphorylation of the enzyme is observed at physiological doses of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (1 nM). The relative contribution of ERK‐1/2, p38, and JNK‐1/2 and their interrelationships in hormonal regulation of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation remain to be established. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 698–708, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tandem affinity purification revealed the hypusine‐dependent binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A to the translating 80S ribosomal complex
Authors: Jao David Li‐En , Chen Kuang Yu
Published: October 2005

Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is the only protein in nature that contains hypusine, an unusual amino acid formed post‐translationally in two steps by deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Genes encoding eIF5A or deoxyhypusine synthase are essential for cell survival and proliferation. To determine the physiological function of eIF5A, we have employed the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method and mass spectrometry to search for and identify the potential eIF5A‐interacting proteins. The TAP‐tag was fused in‐frame to chromosomal TIF51A gene and eIF5A‐TAP fusion protein expressed at its natural level was used as the bait to fish out its interacting partners. At salt concentrations of 150 mM, deoxyhypusine synthase was the only protein bound to eIF5A. As salt concentrations were lowered to 125 mM or less, eIF5A interacted with a set of proteins, which were identified as the components of the 80S ribosome complex. The eIF5A–ribosome interaction was sensitive to RNase and EDTA treatments, indicating the requirement of RNA and the joining of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits for the interaction. Importantly, a single mutation of hypusine to arginine completely abolished the eIF5A–ribosome interaction. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of log versus stationary phase cells and eIF3 mutant strain showed that the endogenous eIF5A co‐sedimented with the actively translating 80S ribosomes and polyribosomes in an RNase‐ and EDTA‐sensitive manner. Our study demonstrates for the first time that eIF5A interacts in a hypusine‐dependent manner with a molecular complex rather than a single protein, suggesting that the essential function of eIF5A is mostly likely mediated through its interaction with the actively translating ribosomes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoprotective effect of phloroglucinol on oxidative stress induced cell damage via catalase activation
Authors: Kang Kyoung Ah , Lee Kyoung Hwa , Chae Sungwook , Zhang Rui , Jung Myung Sun , Ham Young Min , Baik Jong Seok , Lee Nam Ho , Hyun Jin Won
Published: October 2005

We investigated the cytoprotective effect of phloroglucinol, which was isolated fromEcklonia cava(brown alga), against oxidative stress induced cell damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79‐4) cells. Phloroglucinol was found to scavenge 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxy radical, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thus prevented lipid peroxidation. As a result, phloroglucinol reduced H2O2induced apoptotic cells formation in V79‐4 cells. In addition, phloroglucinol inhibited cell damage induced by serum starvation and radiation through scavenging ROS. Phloroglucinol increased the catalase activity and its protein expression. In addition, catalase inhibitor abolished the protective effect of phloroglucinol from H2O2induced cell damage. Furthermore, phloroglucinol increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). Taken together, the results suggest that phloroglucinol protects V79‐4 cells against oxidative damage by enhancing the cellular catalase activity and modulating ERK signal pathway. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of δCaMKII isoforms in skeletal muscle regeneration: Implications in dystrophic muscle disease
Authors: Abraham S. Thomas , Shaw Carisa
Published: October 2005

The expression of δ isoforms of calcium‐calmodulin/dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been reported in mammalian skeletal muscle; however, their functions in this tissue are largely unknown. This study was conducted to determine if δCaMKII expression was altered during regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers in two distinct models. In the first model, necrosis and regeneration were induced in quadriceps of normal mice by intramuscular administration of 50% glycerol. Immunostaining and confocal microscopy revealed that δCaMKII expression was clearly enhanced in fibers showing centralized nuclei. The second model was the mdx mouse, which undergoes enhanced muscle necrosis and regeneration due to a mutation in the dystrophin gene. sern blot analysis of hind leg extracts from 4 to 6 week old mdx mice revealed that δCaMKII content was decreased when compared to age‐matched control mice. This loss in δ kinase content was seen in myofibrillar and membrane fractions and was in contrast to unchanged δCaMKII levels in cardiac and brain extracts from dystrophic mice. Confocal microscopy of mdx quadriceps and tibialis muscle showed that δCaMKII expression was uniformly decreased in most fibers from dystrophic mice; however, enhanced kinase expression was observed in regenerating muscle fibers. These data support a fundamental role for δCaMKII in the regeneration process of muscle fibers in normal and mdx skeletal muscle and may have important implications in the reparative process following muscle death. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Job stress, incivility, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): the moderating role of negative affectivity
Authors: Penney Lisa M. , Spector Paul E.
Published: October 2005

The current study was designed to replicate findings from previous research regarding the relationships between job stressors, negative affectivity, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) using peer‐reported data and to assess the effects of workplace incivility on employee satisfaction and CWB. Results indicate that incivility, organizational constraints, and interpersonal conflict were negatively related to job satisfaction and positively related to CWB. Support was also found for the role of negative affectivity as a moderator of the relationship between job stressors and CWB, although only one significant moderator was found using peer‐reported CWB. In general, the relationships between job stressors and CWB were stronger for individuals high in negative affectivity than for individuals low in negative affectivity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thau, S., Bennett, R. J., Stahlberg, D., & Werner, J. M. Why should I be generous when I have valued and accessible alternatives? Alternative exchange partners and OCB. Journal of Organizational Behavior Volume 25, 607–625
Authors: Thau Stefan
Published: October 2005

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Organizational Behavior 25(5) 2005, 607–625.
Alumina particles influence the interactions of cocultured osteoblasts and macrophages
Authors: Rodrigo A. , Vallés G. , Saldaña L. , Rodríguez M. , Martínez M. E. , Munuera L. , Vilaboa N.
Published: October 2005

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of alumina particles on secretion of several cytokines involved in bone resorption in cocultures of macrophages and osteoblasts. To distinguish the contribution of each individual cell type, we have established a heterologous in vitro system that makes use of mouse J774 cells and primary cultured human osteoblasts. J744 cells decreased the production of TNF‐α when they were cocultured with osteoblasts. Treatment of J744 cells with alumina particles increased TNF‐α secretion, but the induction was lower when cells were cocultured with osteoblasts. Secretion of IL‐6 by J744 cells was very low, and increased in the presence of osteoblasts. Alumina particles were only able to stimulate the release of IL‐6 by J744 cells when cells were cocultured with osteoblasts. On the other hand, incubation of osteoblasts with alumina particles enhanced the release of IL‐6 and GM‐CSF. Coculturing osteoblasts with J744 cells induced them to release IL‐6 and GM‐CSF, and treatment with alumina further increased the secretion of both mediators by osteoblasts. According to these in vitro results, it seems rather plausible that alumina particles are able to initiate an inflammatory response in vivo. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
HLA‐restricted specific tumor cytolysis by autologous T‐lymphocytes infiltrating metastatic bone malignant fibrous histiocytoma of lymph node
Authors: Tsukahara Tomohide , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Ida Kazunori , Kimura Sigeharu , Tamura Yasuaki , Ikeda Tatsuru , Torigoe Toshihiko , Nagoya Satoshi , Wada Takuro , Sato Noriyuki , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: October 2005

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the bone is a high‐grade sarcoma characterized histologically by the composition of fibroblasts and pleomorphic cells with a prominent storiform pattern. Despite institution of multi‐modality treatments, the prognosis for patients with this tumor remains unsatisfactory. In the present study, towards the goal of developing active immunotherapy for those affected, we established four cell lines from a 53‐year‐old woman who suffered from MFH of the humerus with lymph node metastases. MFH2003 and MFH2003‐B7.1 were the primary lesion‐derived cell line and its B7.1‐transfectant, respectively. B2003‐EBV and TIL2003 were a B cell line established from peripheral blood lymphocytes and a T cell line established from tumor‐invaded lymph nodes, respectively. MFH2003 cells could be maintained over a period of 1 year in vitro, and could be xenotransplanted into nude mice. The phenotype of cells analyzed by immunostaining was similar to the original tumor. TIL2003 cells were all CD8+ and specifically recognized MFH2003 cells and MFH2003‐B7.1 cells, but not B2003‐EBV cells. An anti‐HLA‐class I monoclonal antibody completely blocked the anti‐MFH2003 response of TILs2003. These findings indicate the existence of an anti‐MFH specific immune response in the microenvironment of metastatic lymph nodes. The present autologous cell lines provide the basis for identification of novel tumor‐associated antigens and may be helpful in the establishment of immunotherapy for patients with MFH of the bone. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Camptocormia associated with focal myositis in multiple‐system atrophy
Authors: Diederich Nico J. , Goebel Hans H. , Dooms Georges , Bumb Anja , Huber Frank , Kompoliti Katie , Meinck Hans‐Michael M.
Published: October 2005

Camptocormia (CC) or pronounced forward flexion of the trunk is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease. We describe 2 patients with probable, respectively possible multiple‐system atrophy and CC. Magnetic resonance imaging of the erector trunci showed focal patchy hyperintensities with gadolinium enhancement and muscle biopsy was indicative of variably pronounced focal myositis. CC was progressive and the major handicap for both patients after 1 and 1.5 years of follow‐up, respectively. The therapeutic response was poor. Similarities with the dropped‐head syndrome suggest that the muscle pathology may be either the primary cause of CC, a focal reaction to the CC posture, or a coincident syndrome of old age. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Uniform qualitative electrophysiological changes in postoperative rest tremor
Authors: Kovacs Norbert , Balas Istvan , Illes Zsolt , Kellenyi Lorant , Doczi Tamas P. , Czopf Jozsef , Poto Laszlo , Nagy Ferenc
Published: October 2005

Ablation and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can treat pharmacologically uncontrollable tremor. Here, we compared the postoperative electrophysiological changes in resting hand tremor after 32 ablations and 12 DBS implantations in patients with severe tremor‐dominant idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Short‐ and long‐term accelerometric data were acquired after surgery and were compared to the preoperative tremor. After effective surgical treatments, significant rest tremor reduction and increase in both frequency and approximate entropy (ApEn) were detected in all PD cases, irrespective of the type and target of intervention. However, the long‐term effect of DBS implantation on tremor reduction was significantly better compared to that after ablative treatments. In cases of thalamotomy, the postoperative increase in frequency and ApEn was significantly larger in essential tremor compared to PD, suggesting that the etiology of tremor may influence the size of the similar changes. However, cases where clinical tremor re‐emerged 6 to 12 months after the surgery, no change in frequency and ApEn was detected on the second postoperative day, despite an initial tremor reduction and clinical improvement similar to the effective operations. Our results suggest that uniform postoperative changes in rest tremor and the increase in frequency and ApEn could be due to attenuation of pathological oscillators and might be immediate indicators of the effectiveness of neurosurgical treatments relieving tremor. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Placebo‐controlled study of rTMS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lomarev Mikhail P. , Kanchana Sulada , Bara‐Jimenez William , Iyer Meena , Wassermann Eric M. , Hallett Mark
Published: October 2005

The objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for gait and bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study, we evaluated the effects of 25 Hz rTMS in 18 PD patients. Eight rTMS sessions were performed over a 4‐week period. Four cortical targets (left and right motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) were stimulated in each session, with 300 pulses each, 100% of motor threshold intensity. Left motor cortex (MC) excitability was assessed using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the abductor pollicis brevis. During the 4 weeks, times for executing walking and complex hand movements tests gradually decreased. The therapeutic rTMS effect lasted for at least 1 month after treatment ended. Right‐hand bradykinesia improvement correlated with increased MEP amplitude evoked by left MC rTMS after individual sessions, but improvement overall did not correlate with MC excitability. rTMS sessions appear to have a cumulative benefit for improving gait, as well as reducing upper limb bradykinesia in PD patients. Although short‐term benefit may be due to MC excitability enhancement, the mechanism of cumulative benefit must have another explanation. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A blessing in disguise: Resolution of tardive dyskinesia with development of cervical myelitis
Authors: Lim Erle Chuen‐Hian , Wilder‐Smith Einar P.V. , Seet Raymond Chee‐Seong
Published: October 2005

Tardive dyskinesia (TD), which is frequently seen in patients treated with dopamine receptor blocking agents, is difficult to manage. We report on a young Chinese man with bipolar disorder who developed TD after haloperidol treatment, involving the trunk, limbs, and orofacial area. TD persisted despite switching to atypical antipsychotic agents and treatment with valproate, benzodiazepines, and tetrabenazine. Resolution only occurred years later when he developed quadriplegia arising from infective myelitis of the cervical cord (C4–5). He had concomitant vertebral osteomyelitis, which was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics. With intensive rehabilitation, he recovered the use of his limbs, but had no recurrence of TD. We attribute the resolution of orofacial dyskinesias with a cervical lesion to the interconnections between the orofacial area and cervical spine via the trigeminal nucleus (which has fibers descending as far caudally as C6), as well as to resetting of cortical maps. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of object transport on grasp coordination in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Muratori Lisa M. , Dapul Geraldine , Bartels Matthew N. , Gordon Andrew M.
Published: October 2005

We examined the effects of the parkinsonian variant of multiple‐system atrophy (MSA‐P) on grasp and forward transport and release of an object. Twelve patients with MSA‐P and 10 age‐matched control subjects performed the task with each of three object weights (200, 400, 800 gm). Subjects moved at a self‐selected pace using a precision grip. The grip (normal) and load (tangential) forces and the object position were recorded. Results indicate subjects with MSA‐P have temporal and force coordination deficits. Temporal delays were seen in all subjects with MSA‐P, leading to prolonged overall movement times compared to control subjects. These delays occurred throughout the task, with significantly longer transport phases and delays releasing the object. Despite demonstrating an appropriate anticipatory scaling of forces, with increasing grip and load forces for heavier weights, force coordination was compromised in subjects with MSA‐P. These subjects generated significant negative load forces prior to transporting the object. In addition, during the transport phase, subjects with MSA‐P generated highly variable grip forces. Overall, the results indicate that subjects with MSA‐P demonstrate bradykinesia and difficulty coordinating components of an object transport task. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Psychogenic palatal tremor
Authors: Pirio Richardson Sarah , Mari Zoltan , Matsuhashi Masao , Hallett Mark
Published: October 2005

We describe a case of psychogenic palatal tremor. The diagnosis was supported by clinical criteria and neurophysiological testing, including frequency analysis and jerk‐locked back‐averaging. We discuss the differential diagnosis of palatal tremor as well as the role of neurophysiological testing in the diagnosis of psychogenic movement disorders. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Magnetic field shift due to mechanical vibration in functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Foerster Bernd U. , Tomasi Dardo , Caparelli Elisabeth C.
Published: October 2005

Mechanical vibrations of the gradient coil system during readout in echo‐planar imaging (EPI) can increase the temperature of the gradient system and alter the magnetic field distribution during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This effect is enhanced by resonant modes of vibrations and results in apparent motion along the phase encoding direction in fMRI studies. The magnetic field drift was quantified during EPI by monitoring the resonance frequency interleaved with the EPI acquisition, and a novel method is proposed to correct the apparent motion. The knowledge on the frequency drift over time was used to correct the phase of the k‐space EPI dataset. Since the resonance frequency changes very slowly over time, two measurements of the resonance frequency, immediately before and after the EPI acquisition, are sufficient to remove the field drift effects from fMRI time series. The frequency drift correction method was tested “in vivo” and compared to the standard image realignment method. The proposed method efficiently corrects spurious motion due to magnetic field drifts during fMRI. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptive response of human tendon to paralysis
Authors: Maganaris Constantinos N. , Reeves Neil D. , Rittweger Joern , Sargeant Anthony J. , Jones David A. , Gerrits Karin , De Haan Arnold
Published: October 2005

To gain insight into the adaptive response of human tendon to paralysis, we compared the mechanical properties of the in vivo patellar tendon in six men who were spinal cord–injured (SCI) and eight age‐matched, able‐bodied men. Measurements were taken by combining dynamometry, electrical stimulation, and ultrasonography. Tendon stiffness and Young's modulus, calculated from force–elongation and stress–strain curves, respectively, were lower by 77% (P< 0.01) and 59% (P< 0.05) in the SCI than able‐bodied subjects. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the tendon was 17% smaller (P< 0.05) in the SCI subjects, but there was no difference in tendon length between the two groups. Our results indicate that paralysis causes substantial deterioration of the structural and material properties of tendon. This needs to be taken into consideration in the design of electrical stimulation protocols for rehabilitation and experimental purposes, and when interpreting changes in the contractile speed of paralyzed muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Wasp venom injected into the prey's brain modulates thoracic identified monoaminergic neurons
Authors: Rosenberg Lior Ann , Pflüger Hans‐Joachim , Wegener Gerhard , Libersat Frederic
Published: October 2005

The wasp Ampulex compressa injects a cocktail of neurotoxins into the brain of its cockroach prey to induce an enduring change in the execution of locomotory behaviors. Our hypothesis is that the venom injected into the brain indirectly alters the activity of monoaminergic neurons, thus changing the levels of monoamines that tune the central synapses of locomotory circuits. The purpose of the present investigation was to establish whether the venom alters the descending control, from the brain, of octopaminergic neurons in the thorax. This question was approached by recording the activity of specific identified octopaminergic neurons after removing the input from the brain or after a wasp sting into the brain. We show that the activity of these neurons is altered in stung and “brainless” animals. The spontaneous firing rate of these neurons in stung and brainless animals is approximately 20% that in control animals. Furthermore, we show that an identified octopamine neuron responds more weakly both to sensory stimuli and to direct injection of current in all treated groups. The alteration in the activity of octopamine neurons is likely to be part of the mechanism by which the wasp induces a change in the behavioral state of its prey and also affects its metabolism by reducing the potent glycolytic activator fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate in leg muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first direct evidence of a change in electrical activity of specific monoaminergic neurons that can be so closely associated with a venom‐induced change in behavioral state of a prey animal. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Cdc42 participates in the regulation of ADF/cofilin and retinal growth cone filopodia by brain derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Chen Tsan‐Ju , Gehler Scott , Shaw Alisa E. , Bamburg James R. , Letourneau Paul C.
Published: October 2005

Rho family GTPases have important roles in mediating the effects of guidance cues and growth factors on the motility of neuronal growth cones. We previously showed that the neurotrophin BDNF regulates filopodial dynamics on growth cones of retinal ganglion cell axons through activation of the actin regulatory proteins ADF and cofilin by inhibiting a RhoA‐dependent pathway that phosphorylates (inactivates) ADF/cofilin. The GTPase Cdc42 has also been implicated in mediating the effects of positive guidance cues. In this article we investigated whether Cdc42 is involved in the effects of BDNF on filopodial dynamics. BDNF treatment increases Cdc42 activity in retinal neurons, and neuronal incorporation of constitutively active Cdc42 mimics the increases in filopodial number and length. Furthermore, constitutively active and dominant negative Cdc42 decreased and increased, respectively, the activity of RhoA in retinal growth cones, indicating crosstalk between these GTPases in retinal growth cones. Constitutively active Cdc42 mimicked the activation of ADF/cofilin that resulted from BDNF treatment, while dominant negative Cdc42 blocked the effects of BDNF on filopodia and ADF/cofilin. The inability of dominant negative Cdc42 to block ADF/cofilin activation and stimulation of filopodial dynamics by the ROCK inhibitor Y‐27632 indicate interaction between Cdc42 and RhoA occurs upstream of ROCK. Our results demonstrate crosstalk occurs between GTPases in mediating the effects of BDNF on growth cone motility, and Cdc42 activity can promote actin dynamics via activation of ADF/cofilin. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Optical reflectance anisotropy studies of Fe nanostructures grown on vicinal W(110)
Authors: Carroll L. , Pedreschi F. , O'Mahony J. D. , McGilp J. F.
Published: October 2005

A vicinal W(110) substrate, offcut by 1.4° in the [1$ \bar 1 $0] direction, has been used as a template to grow Fe nanostructures under UHV conditions. For sub‐monolayer coverages, deposition of Fe on the substrate at room temperature, followed by annealing, forms continuous Fe stripes aligned with the step edges, which run along [001]. In situ reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) between 1.5 eV and 5.0 eV shows the damping of the W(110) surface state with increased Fe coverage. Broad and featureless step and Fe nanostructure contributions are identified in the 4 eV to 5 eV spectral region, but no strong signature of the aligned nanostructures or steps is found, in contrast to recent RAS studies of vicinal Cu(111). Capping by Ag for ex situ characterization was investigated by using an eclipsing mask to produce a checkerboard pattern of 0 to 3 ML Fe coverage in 0.25 ML steps, followed by deposition of 18 ML of Ag at room temperature. RAS of the capped structure is dominated by the response of the Ag interfaces. The W(110)/Ag interface shows a distinctive feature at 3.4 eV, which diminishes rapidly with increasing Fe coverage and may be related to the sharp peak observed at 3.9 eV on clean Ag(110) surfaces. The absence of other significant RAS features in this spectral region that can be clearly associated with the aligned Fe nanostructures indicates that characterization of capped structures by other epioptic techniques, such as optical second‐harmonic generation, needs to be explored. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calculation of reflectance anisotropy for semiconductor surface exploration
Authors: Schmidt W. G.
Published: October 2005

Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) is exquisitely sensitive to probe surfaces, with many potential applications in determining surface geometries or monitoring material growth. Thanks to recent computational and methodological progress it has now become possible to calculate surface optical spectra accurately and with true predictive power. Here I review briefly the simulation of RAS spectra and discuss recent methodological advances, which allow for the modelling of self‐energy, excitonic and local‐field effects in large and complex systems. Numerical results for semiconductor surfaces in comparison to measured data are used to illustrate the potential and limits of the different levels of theory. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applications of X‐ray powder diffraction in materials chemistry
Authors: Skakle Jan
Published: October 2005

X‐ray powder diffraction is a standard technique in materials chemistry, yet it is often still used in the laboratory as a “one‐hit” technique, e.g. for fingerprinting and following the progress of reactions. It is important, however, that the wealth of information available from powder data is not overlooked. While it is only possible here to scratch the surface of possibilities, a range of examples from our research is used to emphasize some of the more accessible techniques and to highlight successes as well as potential problems. The first example is the study of solid solution formation in the oxide systems Ba3−3xLa2xV2O8 and Sr4−xBaxMn3O10 and in the silicate–hydroxyapatite bioceramic, Ca10(PO4)6−x(SiO4)x(OH)2−x. Database mining is also explored, using three phases within the pseudobinary phase diagram Li3SbO4–CuO as examples. All three phases presented different challenges: the structure of Li3SbO4 had been previously reported in higher symmetry than was actually the case, Li3Cu2SbO6 was found to be isostructural with Li2TiO3 but the cation ordering had to be rationalized, and Li3CuSbO5 was believed to be triclinic, presenting challenges in indexing the powder pattern. Quantitative phase analysis is briefly discussed, with the emphasis both on success (determination of amorphous phase content in a novel cadmium arsenate phase) and on possible failure (compositional analysis in bone mineral); the reasons for the problems in the latter are also explored. Finally, the use of an area detector system has been shown to be of value in the study of orientational effects (or lack of them) in non‐ and partially‐ordered biomaterials, including p‐HEMA, annulus fibrosis of lumbar discs, and keratin in the horn of cow's hooves. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 252–262; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20050
Development of protein, peptide, and small molecule catalysts using catalysis‐based selection strategies
Authors: Tanaka Fujie
Published: October 2005

We have developed peptide catalysts and antibody catalysts that catalyze aldol, retro‐aldol, and Michael reactions via an enamine mechanism using reaction‐based selections with 1,3‐diketone derivatives. Nucleophilic amino groups of the catalysts were covalently trapped during the selections. We have also developed fluorogenic substrates that are useful for real‐time monitoring of the progress of bond‐forming reactions, such as aldol reactions, by an increase in fluorescence. These fluorogenic substrates have been used to monitor peptide‐catalyzed, antibody‐catalyzed, enzyme‐catalyzed, and small molecule‐catalyzed reactions. Catalysis‐based screening using fluorogenic substrates will accelerate rapid identification of superior catalysts and reaction conditions. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 276–285; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20051
Perverse Accountability: A Formal Model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina
Authors: STOKES SUSAN C.
Published: October 2005

Political machines (or clientelist parties) mobilize electoral support by trading particularistic benefits to voters in exchange for their votes. But if the secret ballot hides voters' actions from the machine, voters are able to renege, accepting benefits and then voting as they choose. To explain how machine politics works, I observe that machines use their deep insertion into voters' social networks to try to circumvent the secret ballot and infer individuals' votes. When parties influence how people vote by threatening to punish them for voting for another party, I call thisaccountability. I analyze the strategic interaction between machines and voters as an iterated prisoners' dilemma game with one-sided uncertainty. The game generates hypotheses about the impact of the machine's capacity to monitor voters, and of voters' incomes and ideological stances, on the effectiveness of machine politics. I test these hypotheses with data from Argentina.