bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Ressentiment to Resentment as a Tertiary Emotion
Authors: TenHouten Warren D.
Published: September 2018

Resentment is a noxious emotion that can exist in sublimated form as a result of being subjected to inferiorization, stigmazation, or violence. In its active form, resentment can be a forceful response to acts that have created unjustified and meaningless suffering. We consider sociomoral conceptualizations of resentment by Adam Smith, Hume, and Lévinas. Nietzsche and Scheler developed the broader notion of ressentiment, a generalized form of resentment arising out of powerlessness and the experience of brutalization neither forgotten nor forgiven. Resentment is seen historically as a sentiment that is saturated with frustration, contempt, outrage, and malevolence. Marshall described oppositional class-consciousness as permeated with resentment and anger, but resentment also contains the basic emotions of surprise and disgust. Resentment is linked to the concept of relative deprivation. A partial classification of emotions is used to further analyze resentment as containing three secondary-level emotions: contempt (anger & disgust), shock (surprise & disgust), and outrage (surprise & anger). Thus, resentment is conceptualized as a tertiary-level emotion, containing three primary and three secondary emotions.
Relacionamento cliente-fornecedor: evidências de estudos sobre a indústria automobilística
Authors: Vanalle Rosangela Maria
Published: September 2018

Novas práticas de relacionamento entre clientes e fornecedores têm sido utilizadas por empresas em busca de melhorias em suas cadeias de suprimentos, principalmente devido às mudanças no ambiente competitivo global. Mais especificamente, a indústria automobilística vem passando por importantes transformações no relacionamento entre as empresas que operam na cadeia para obtenção de insumos, componentes, conjuntos, módulos e sistemas necessários para fabricação do veículo. Este artigo consiste em uma pesquisa teórica, baseada em revisão da literatura e tem como objetivo estudar os modelos das relações entre cliente-fornecedor e apresentar estudos de casos sobre essas relações das indústrias automobilísticas japonesa, europeia, americana e brasileira. O trabalho contribui para o desenvolvimento teórico sobre a caracterização dos modelos de relação entre montadoras e fornecedores.
Métodos QFD e FMEA para o desenvolvimento de novo produto – conceituação e estudo de caso
Authors: Saviotti Uryan Augusto
Published: September 2018

Algumas ferramentas da qualidade são utilizadas e adaptadas para oferecer suporte às atividades de planejamento e desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Dessa forma, neste trabalho tem-se como objetivo utilizar os métodos QFD (Quality Function Deployment ou Desdobramento da Função Qualidade) e FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis ou Análise de Modo e Efeito de Falhas), visando o atendimento da qualidade exigida pelo cliente, oriundo do QFD, e da confiabilidade do produto, proveniente do FMEA. Neste estudo, mostra-se a importância de distribuir a garantia da qualidade durante o desenvolvimento de um novo produto e como ela é decisiva para agregar valor ao produto final, levando em consideração a percepção do consumidor e a melhoria de sua satisfação por meio de uma solução antecipada de problemas. Os resultados, obtidos nesta pesquisa, apontam a utilidade dos métodos propostos para o desenvolvimento do conceito do produto final, sendo estes dados hierarquizados e implantados.
Tecnologia de grupo aplicada a um sistema de compras com cadastro padronizado de materiais: um estudo de caso
Authors: Da silva Jackson Bezerra , Vieira Junior Milton
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo, mostra-se a importância da aplicação da Tecnologia de Grupo na área de suprimentos e compras de empresas, considerando que a falta de organização e planejamento desse departamento pode gerar grandes custos e despesas às organizações, causando perda de competitividade. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso em um conglomerado multinacional de empresas do setor industrial, o qual aplicou a Tecnologia de Grupo em seus departamentos de compras e suprimentos, obtendo muitos benefícios e melhorias que serão mostrados neste trabalho, tais como grande redução de custos, maior organização dos materiais cadastrados no sistema integrado de compras, mais rapidez no processo de compras, aumento na confiabilidade dos materiais fornecidos, evitando danos ao processo produtivo.
Uso de simuladores comerciais na análise comparativa de desempenho de controladores para um trocador de calor a placas
Authors: Fileti Ana Maria Frattini , Prado Guilherme Nardin , De Almeida Higor Conti , Da Silva Flavio Vasconcelos
Published: September 2018

Estratégias de controle feedback convencional e cascata foram aplicadas a um trocador de calor com o intuito de estabelecer comparação de desempenho, visando obter menor variação na temperatura do produto final e rápida resposta para corrigir os possíveis distúrbios da planta. O trocador a placas foi projetado com o auxílio do software ASPEN HTFS®, simulado em estado estacionário com o ASPEN PLUS® e exportado para o ASPEN DYNAMICS®. O método da curva de reação do processo foi aplicado ao trocador simulado no ASPEN DYNAMICS ®, sendo os parâmetros ajustados a funções de transferência de primeira ordem com tempo morto no Domínio de Laplace. As funções de transferência do processo e dos distúrbios foram utilizadas em diagramas de controle no software Simulink/MATLAB®, sendo obtidos os comportamentos em malha fechada. Essa mesma metodologia de uso de simuladores comerciais pode ser aplicada a diferentes operações unitárias da indústria química, assim como para plantas inteiras. Destaca-se que, por possuírem interface amigável, acesso a banco de dados termodinâmicos e robustez nos métodos numéricos disponíveis para simulação, um rápido e fácil aprendizado foi constatado na utilização de todos os simuladores comerciais citados neste trabalho.
Legal Consequences of Late Payments in Payment of the Insurance Premium // Pravne posljedice docnje u plaćanju premije osiguranja
Authors: Stanišić Slobodan
Published: September 2018

The paper discusses the legal consequences that may occur when the insured person late or do not fulfill the obligation to pay premiums. Failure to pay premiums on time and in the manner as provided by the insurance contract or by law, affect the beginning of life insurance coverage, and thus the existence of insurers liability to indemnify or pay the insured sum at the occurrence of an event that is insured case.
Some Aspects of the Rights of Tax Payers in the Light of the Tax Reforms // Neki aspekti prava poreskih obveznika u svjetlu poreskih reformi
Authors: Drljača Zorica
Published: September 2018

The protection of taxpayers’ rights is an important issue of any democratic country, as it concerns matters related to basic human rights and freedoms. When we take into account basic components of taxpayers’ rights in most of the developed European countries, such as the right to information and assistance, the right to appeal, the right to the consistent application of legal provisions, the right to security, the right to privacy and the right to data secrecy and confidentiality, we can deduce that those rights are also recognized to the taxpayers in Republika Srpska. In order to further improve the relationship between the Tax Administration and the taxpayers in the Republika Srpska, we suggest that the Tax Administration, following the example of the Tax Administration of the Republic of Serbia and the tax authorities of other countries, should in future activities draw up the Charter of Taxpayers which would represent a full affirmation of their rights and an additional aspect of the Tax Administration’s openness towards taxpayers. In the future, the Tax Administration should also consider the possibility of setting up tax ombudsman institutions as well as specialized tax courts before which tax disputes would be conducted.
Motives in Gift Contracts // Motiv kod ugovora o poklonu
Authors: Šolaja Irina
Published: September 2018

IIn this paper, the claim is that the motives (initiatives) are an integral part of the case for a gift contract, and that the decisive motive is doubly consequential. Inducing the creation of a contract, the production of final property-related consequences is conditioned by its existence and its permissiveness at the time of conclusion of the contract. From the fact that the Law on Obligations does not explicitly form a positive law institute, judicial practice, from case to case, makes the legal fate of the contract dependent on the existence of a motive referring to pre-war legal rules. The paper studies our concept that focuses on considerations for examining the deduction of a donor’s property which justifies his legal protection if the decisive motive is wasted. It presents the legal foundation and the particular effect of terminating the gift contract in the event of a causal link between the decisive motive for the conclusion of the contract and its disposition after the conclusion of the gift contract. Then, the cases of impermissible motives for the reduction of the property of a donor from the point of view of public order, good customs and imperative norms are analyzed and the sanctions determined. After considering cases of their existence, it was pointed out that the contracting parties, third parties and the public prosecutor who call for their existence should prove that the decision on the gift contract was based on an inadmissible initiative, and not that there was not any. On these grounds, the concept of a gift contract is empirical and comparatively and legally tested. The aim of the paper is to provide the author`s reasoned legal answers based on the primary and secondary sources of information on varying court practice.
Noise Pollution Near Health Institutions
Authors: Ilić Predrag , Stojanović-Bjelić Ljiljana , Janjuš Zoran
Published: September 2018

Environmental noise pollution, a form of air pollution, is a threat to health and well-being. The primary aim of this study was to determine noise pollution in the urban part of the city of Banja Luka in Jovana Dučića Street (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)) by evaluating noise levels in the street. The aim of this research is also to compare the measured noise levels in the street with legislation. The measured values exceeded the level of noise allowed. Results indicated that noise level values in this area near health institution are alarming.
The time distribution of biological phenomena – illustrated with the London marathon
Authors: Franco Miguel
Published: September 2018

Background. The time distribution of biological phenomena (phenology) is a subject of wide interest, but a general statistical distribution to describe and quantify its essential properties is lacking. Existing distributions are limiting, if not entirely inappropriate, because their parameters do not in general correlate with biologically relevant attributes of the organism and the conditions under which they find themselves. Methods. A distribution function that allows quantification of three essential properties of a biological dynamic process occurring over a continuous timescale was derived from first principles. The distribution turned out to have three parameters with clear meanings and units: (i) a scaled rate of completion (dimensionless), (ii) a measure of temporal concentration of the process (units: time-1), and (iii) an overall measure of temporal delay (units: time). Its performance as an accurate description of the process was tested with completion data for the London Marathon employing non-linear regression. Results. The parameters of the distribution correlated with biological attributes of the runners (gender and age) and with the maximum temperature on the day of the race. These relationships mirrored known differences in morphology and physiology of participants and the deterioration of these biological attributes with age (senescence), as well as the known effects of hypo- and hyperthermia. Discussion. By relating the variation in parameter values to possible biological and environmental variables, the marathon example demonstrates the ability of the distribution to help identify possible triggers and drivers of the duration, shape and temporal shift of its temporal distribution. This more detailed account of the effect of biological and environmental variables would provide a deeper insight into the drivers of a wide variety of phenological phenomena of high current interest, such as the shifting patterns of leafing, flowering, growth, migration, etc. of many organisms worldwide.
Intermittent subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation induces risk-aversive behavior in human subjects
Authors: Patel Shaun R , Herrington Todd M , Sheth Sameer A , Mian Matthew , Bick Sarah K , Yang Jimmy C , Flaherty Alice W , Frank Michael J , Widge Alik S , Dougherty Darin , Eskandar Emad N
Published: September 2018

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small almond-shaped subcortical structure classically known for its role in motor inhibition through the indirect pathway within the basal ganglia. Little is known about the role of the STN in mediating cognitive functions in humans. Here, we explore the role of the STN in human subjects making decisions under conditions of uncertainty using single-neuron recordings and intermittent deep brain stimulation (DBS) during a financial decision-making task. Intraoperative single-neuronal data from the STN reveals that on high-uncertainty trials, spiking activity encodes the upcoming decision within a brief (500 ms) temporal window during the choice period, prior to the manifestation of the choice. Application of intermittent DBS selectively prior to the choice period alters decisions and biases subject behavior towards conservative wagers.
Receptive field center-surround interactions mediate context-dependent spatial contrast encoding in the retina
Authors: Turner Maxwell H , Schwartz Gregory W , Rieke Fred
Published: September 2018

Antagonistic receptive field surrounds are a near-universal property of early sensory processing. A key assumption in many models for retinal ganglion cell encoding is that receptive field surrounds are added only to the fully formed center signal. But anatomical and functional observations indicate that surrounds are added before the summation of signals across receptive field subunits that creates the center. Here, we show that this receptive field architecture has an important consequence for spatial contrast encoding in the macaque monkey retina: the surround can control sensitivity to fine spatial structure by changing the way the center integrates visual information over space. The impact of the surround is particularly prominent when center and surround signals are correlated, as they are in natural stimuli. This effect of the surround differs substantially from classic center-surround models and raises the possibility that the surround plays unappreciated roles in shaping ganglion cell sensitivity to natural inputs.
Cooperation, the Crowding Out Effect and the Role Of Incentives in the Case of Sustainable Hydroplant Project in Brazil
Authors: Mussi Fabricio Baron , Tortato Ubirata
Published: September 2018

Research Question: This paper sought to present a proposal for the analysis of the cooperation between a hydroelectric power plant and the fisheries community. Motivation: The use of economic experiments on the sustainability theme has been employed by adapting public goods games to the different realities faced by the players. For this research, focused on the environmental preservation, preferring to contribute/not to contribute to their preservation consists of public goods dilemmas. This subject also constitutes a research opportunity, since in the preliminary literature review few studies addressed concomitantly the sustainability question related to hydroelectric plants and the cooperation between them and a group of local stakeholders. Idea: The core idea of this paper was to bring a proposal of association between the behavioural economics and crowding out theory to the analysis of actions envisaging sustainability, which demand the cooperation between a hydroelectric power plant and the fisheries community that make a living out of its reservoir. Data: The research was conducted assessing documents such as Itaipu´s annual sustainability reports and other documents between the plant and its stakeholders, in the environmental area, and in the form of contracts and cooperation agreements. Next, eight personal interviews were conducted with managers involved in the Sustainability Programme. Tools: With these information, the suggested public goods game was adapted from Fehr and Gachter (2000), and Sefton, Shupp and Walker (2007), and – for the present proposal of experiment – was named ‘reservoir game’, as the public goods in this case is Itaipu´s plant reservoir. Findings: This study can help in the acquisition of relevant information about the applicability and efficiency of punishment and reward mechanisms related to cooperation, either in support of future negotiations and agreements or in bargaining situations when groups present their demands. One can only hope to have also contributed to the improvement of management of contractual agreements between corporations and local stakeholders in projects targeting sustainability, to reduce any transaction costs, and minimize the possibilities for conflict and disagreement between partners. Contribution: This paper expands existing research related to cooperation between a power plant and its local stakeholders.
Method for Large‐Scale Production of Piezoceramic‐Metal‐Compounds
Authors: Drossel Welf‐Guntram , Hensel Sebastian , Nestler Matthias , Müller Roland
Published: September 2018

The integration of sensors and actuators in material‐compounds allows for additional functionalities within minimum space. Especially, piezoelectric materials are widely used in industrial applications, such as fuel injection or positioning. Up to now, production of sheet‐metal‐compounds with a sensor and actuator functionality is strongly restricted by manual fabrication processes. The design of a material‐compound including aluminum sheet metals and flat piezoceramic fibers (piezoceramic‐metal‐compound) and a process chain allowing for an automated production offers the possibility of serial production. The compound design, the process chain for the fabrication of semi‐finished parts, the forming into structural parts, and the functionality are presented. The process chain enables piezoceramic‐metal‐compounds for large‐scale production.
Gold Doping in a Layered Co‐Ni Hydroxide System via Galvanic Replacement for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Sultana Ummul K. , Riches James D. , O'Mullane Anthony P.
Published: September 2018

The development of active yet stable bifunctional materials to produce hydrogen and oxygen via electrochemical water splitting is an ongoing challenge. Here, a system based on electrodeposited Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 containing highly distributed gold nanoparticles at less than 0.25 at% to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions is developed. The key aspect is using galvanic replacement to deposit gold on a layer of electrodeposited Co(OH)2 prior to electrodepositing Ni(OH)2. The fabrication of a composite system based on Co(OH)2‐Au‐Ni(OH)2 is required for optimal activity for both the HER and OER. The composite is characterized with helium ion microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, depth profiling X‐ray photoelectron microscopy, and a variety of electrochemical techniques. This material exceeds the activity of Pt for the HER at current densities greater than 40 mA cm−2 and is stable for both reactions for prolonged periods of electrolysis. In a two‐electrode configuration, current densities greater than 175 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting could be readily achieved at an applied voltage of 1.90 V in a commercially relevant electrolyte of 6 m NaOH.
Porous Hollow Fiber Nickel Electrodes for Effective Supply and Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methane through Microbial Electrosynthesis
Authors: Alqahtani Manal F. , Katuri Krishna P. , Bajracharya Suman , Yu Yuanlie , Lai Zhiping , Saikaly Pascal Elias
Published: September 2018

Microbial electrochemical reduction of CO2 gas to value‐added chemical products requires the development of an electrode architecture with a three‐phase interface for efficient mass transport. A hybrid bioinorganic system for CO2 reduction to CH4 is developed by coupling a new electrode architecture with enriched methanogenic community. The novel electrode design consists of porous nickel hollow fibers, which act as an inorganic electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation from proton reduction and as a gas‐transfer membrane for direct CO2 delivery to CO2‐fixing hydrogenotrophic methanogens (biological catalyst) on the cathode through the pores of the hollow fibers. These unique features of the electrode create a suitable environment for the enrichment of methanogens, which utilize the hydrogen as a source of reducing equivalents for the conversion of CO2 to CH4. The performance of the nickel electrode is tested in microbial electrosynthesis cells operated at cathode potential of −1 V versus Ag/AgCl, achieving high faradaic efficiency of 77% for CH4. The superior performance of the hybrid bioinorganic system is attributed to the electrode architecture, which provides a three‐phase boundary for gas–liquid reactions, with the reactions supported by the inorganic and biological catalysts.
Sapphire Photonic Crystal Waveguides for Terahertz Sensing in Aggressive Environments
Authors: Katyba Gleb M. , Zaytsev Kirill I. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Shikunova Irina A. , Komandin Gennady A. , Anzin Vladimir B. , Lebedev Sergey P. , Spektor Igor E. , Karasik Valeriy E. , Yurchenko Stanislav O. , Reshetov Igor V. , Kurlov Vladimir N. , Skorobogatiy Maksim
Published: September 2018

Terahertz (THz) frequency range opens significant opportunities in various fundamental and applied fields including condensed matter physics and chemistry, biology and medicine, public security and nondestructive testing. Despite significant advances in THz instrumentation, the problem of THz sensing in harsh environments, particularly at high temperatures and pressures, remains acute due to the lack of THz materials and optical components capable for operation under the extreme conditions. To address this problem, the THz hollow‐core photonic crystal sapphire waveguides that are fabricated using shaped crystal growth technique are developed. Numerical analysis and experimental study show that the proposed waveguides operate in a few‐mode regime and allow for the broadband transmission of THz pulses with small dispersions and low propagation losses. Thanks to the unique physical properties of sapphire, the proposed waveguides are capable of operating in a variety of aggressive environments. As an example, the developed waveguides are used to conduct the intra‐waveguide interferometric sensing of phase transitions in sodium nitrite films at high temperatures. It is believed that the proposed sapphire‐based material's platform has strong potential for developing THz guided optics for applications in intra‐waveguide spectroscopy, interferometry, and remote sensing in aggressive environments.
Highly Luminescent Organic Nanorods from Air Oxidation of para‐Substituted Anilines for Freestanding Deep‐Red Color Filters
Authors: Park Yoonsang , Park Cheolwoo , Kim Joo Sung , Ahn Tae Kyu , Lim Ho Sun , Lee Tae‐Woo , Kwon Woosung
Published: September 2018

Oxidation of aniline provides useful organic nanostructures with a wide variety of particle morphologies and properties. Accordingly, in the present study, novel luminescent organic nanorods (ONs) are synthesized through one‐step air oxidation of para‐substituted anilines without any shape‐guiding surfactants. These ONs present highly crystalline rod‐like structures due to the ortho‐coupling reaction of aniline and π–π interactions between the phenazine‐like structures. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, time‐correlated single photon counting, and time‐dependent density functional theory calculation, it is revealed that the phenazine‐like structures in the ONs are largely responsible for their bright, photostable, deep‐red luminescence with absolute quantum efficiency up to 46%. Finally, the potential application of ONs as a freestanding color filter for deep‐red‐light‐emitting devices that could be used for color pixels of future displays is demonstrated. The findings of this study provide a new strategy for the preparation of luminescent organic nanomaterials, and show their potential for optoelectronic applications.
High Oxide Ion Conduction in Molten Na2W2O7
Authors: Xu Jungu , Li Yanchang , Wang Jiehua , Bao Hongliang , Wang Jianqiang , Zhu Changli , Ye Lingting , Xie Kui , Kuang Xiaojun
Published: September 2018

Recently, oxide ion transport in molten electrolytes has attracted increased attention, and molten electrolytes based on Bi2O3, V2O5 and TeO2 oxides have shown excellent oxide ion conductivity and thus possess great potential as electrochemical energy materials. A new concept of molten oxide fuel cells (MOFCs) is proposed as a promising energy technology that can work in the intermediate temperature range of 500–800 °C, complementary to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Here, oxide ion transport in molten Na2W2O7 is presented, with a recorded oxide ion conductivity of ≈0.015 S cm−1 at 750 °C and delivered power density of 121 mW cm−2 as a MOFC electrolyte operating at 750 °C supported by an insulating Al2O3 matrix. This represents a significant advance to the MOFC output compared with the only previous performance reported (11.5 mW cm−2) achieved using a molten TeO2‐based electrolyte. The W L3‐edge extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra suggests that the disordered coordination‐number‐variable WO4+x mixed polyhedral network plays an important role in the oxide ion conduction in the molten Na2W2O7. These results emphasize a great opportunity to exploit oxide ion conductors within the molten oxide family, which can bring a brighter prospect to the MOFCs.
Harmony of the solar system
Authors: Kotov V. A.
Published: September 2018

From 1968 to 2017, the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, the Wilcox Solar Observatory, and five other observatories performed more than 27 thousand daily measurements of the mean magnetic field of the Sun‐as‐a‐star. These data reveal the presence of the long‐term coherent periodicity PS = 13.4582(25) days, characterizing the four‐sector pattern of the magnetic Sun. To clear up the origin of this periodicity, motions of planets and massive satellites are considered in detail. It is shown that the best commensurate timescale of all those periodic motions is equal to PG = 13.4577(10) days, which agrees fairly well with PS (the probability of a chance coincidence is less than 2 × 10−9). Physical nature of this odd PS–PG resonance is unknown, but it is supposed that the phenomenon is caused by coherent periodic fluctuations of the gravity field within the solar system.
Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance and corporate financial performance: Bridging concepts for a more ethical business model
Authors: Zubeltzu‐Jaka Eugenio , Andicoechea‐Arondo Lorea , Alvarez Etxeberria Igor
Published: September 2018

Awareness on issues relating to business ethics in corporate social responsibility (CSR), good corporate governance (GCG), and environmental social governance (ESG) has significantly increased in the last decade in the academic and professional fields. As a consequence, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies, research and professional publications, and guidelines have been published. This trend toward academic scrutiny is a significant change to the traditional way of understanding corporate governance and has led to an increasing number and diversity of stakeholders to which the corporations must be held accountable.

Traditionally, corporate governance has focused on “financial” aspects with the aim of improving the protection rights of corporate stakeholders whereas the CSR approach has been limited to the consideration of only economic, social, and environmental issues. However, there has, in the recent past, been a convergence of the four concepts that are increasingly frequently being jointly studied by academics and practitioners. A clear example of this convergence is the use of the ESG criteria in the assessment of sustainable investment portfolios.

In this context, the aim of this paper is to present the current state of research on convergence themes (focusing on CSR and CG) in order to present the resulting framework as a basis for the subsequent analysis of the relationship between good governance practices, the CSR, and financial performance. Finally, the effectiveness of such practices and strategies will be assessed.
Predictors and interdependence of family support in a random sample of long‐term young breast cancer survivors and their biological relatives
Authors: Katapodi Maria C. , Ellis Katrina R. , Schmidt Franziska , Nikolaidis Christos , Northouse Laurel L.
Published: September 2018

Objective

Women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 45 years (young breast cancer survivors—YBCS) and their biological relatives face significant stressors. Although family support is an important coping resource, little is known about YBCS’ and relatives’ support and whether it is interdependent. The study described family support in YBCS and their biological relatives; identified demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors of support; and determined the interdependence of support in YBCS‐relatives family units.

Methods

Data were collected from a random sample of YBCS and their first‐ or second‐degree female relatives. Actor‐partner interdependence models (APIM) explored predictors and interdependence of YBCS’ and relatives’ family support in dyads (YBCS and relative) and triads (YBCS and two relatives).

Results

Among n = 310 YBCS and n = 431 first‐ or second‐degree relatives, family support was higher in triads compared to dyads. APIMs identified actor effects in dyads, and actor and partner effects in triads. Across all family units, YBCS’ higher self‐efficacy was associated with higher YBCS support (actor effect) and relative support (partner effect); YBCS’ prior diagnosis of depression was associated with lower YBCS and relative support (actor and partner effect); cost‐related lack of access to care was associated with lower support among YBCS (actor effect) and relatives (actor and partner effect).

Conclusions

Family support was interdependent and was affected by self‐efficacy, depression, and access to care. Interventions should include YBCS and relatives, enhance self‐efficacy and access to care.
Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxy‐3′,4′,7‐trimethoxyflavone and Related Compounds and Elucidation of Their Reversal Effects on BCRP/ABCG2‐Mediated Anticancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Tsunekawa Ryuji , Katayama Kazuhiro , Hanaya Kengo , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Sugimoto Yoshikazu , Sugai Takeshi
Published: September 2018

3′,4′,7‐Trimethoxyflavone (TMF) has been reported to show a potent reversal effect on drug resistance mediated by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). In this study, we designed and synthesized five derivatives with either a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom at C‐5 and several kinds of capping moiety at the C‐7 hydroxy group, on the same 3′,4′‐dimethoxy‐substituted flavone skeleton. We subsequently evaluated the efficacies of these compounds against BCRP‐expressing human leukaemia K562/BCRP cells. Reversal of drug resistance was expressed as the concentration of compound causing a twofold reduction in drug sensitivity (RI50). Of the synthesized compounds, the reversal effect of 5‐hydroxy‐3′,4′,7‐trimethoxyflavone (HTMF, RI50 7.2 nm) towards 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN‐38) was stronger than that of TMF (RI50 18 nm). Fluoro‐substituted 5‐fluoro‐3′,4′,7‐trimethoxyflavone (FTMF, RI50 25 nm) and monoglycosylated 7‐(β‐glucosyloxy)‐5‐hydroxy‐3′,4′‐dimethoxyflavone (GOHDMF, 91 nm) also exhibited reversal effects, whereas the di‐ and triglycoside derivatives did not. TMF, HTMF and FTMF at 0.01–10 μm upregulated the K562/BCRP cellular accumulation of Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining dye. In addition, western blotting revealed that treatment of K562/BCRP cells with 0.1 μm TMF, HTMF or FTMT suppressed the expression of BCRP. HTMF showed the strongest inhibition of BCRP‐mediated efflux and suppression of BCRP expression of the three effective synthesized flavones.
Multiple myeloma with simultaneous cutaneous and central nervous system involvement
Authors: Nguyen James , Hassoun Hani
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical Message

Cutaneous involvement in multiple myeloma is an extremely rare occurrence that is underrecognized and akin CNS involvement, typically occurs late in the disease course, and is associated with an aggressive biology. Pathologic examination is key to the diagnosis and a standard of care treatment has not been established for these patients.
Future of Work in the Digital World: Preparing for Instability and Opportunity
Authors: Lent Robert W.
Published: September 2018

Despite conflicting forecasts about the pace and extent of technological changes that lie ahead, it is difficult to dispute the impact that advances in automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence have already had on work in the United States and globally. Hirschi () provided an excellent discussion of these developments and what they may mean for career clients, practitioners, and researchers. The author aims to complement Hirschi's contribution by (a) amplifying the nature of the challenges faced by workers, both currently and in the foreseeable future, and (b) considering steps that may be taken by career development experts, both individually and collectively, to meet these challenges. These steps include advocacy for displaced workers, participation in dialogues to transform educational institutions, and efforts to extend the range of counseling interventions to prepare clients for a career future that may be far less stable for increasing numbers of workers.
Photoelectrochemical Performance Dependence on Geometric Surface Area of Branched ZnO Nanowires
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Niu Fujun , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin
Published: September 2018

Nanoarray architectures beneficial for a large electrochemically active surface area, intense light adsorption, and fast charge transport have attracted increasing attention in the past few years as enhanced catalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, the correlation between architecture and optical/electrochemical properties are not fully understood yet. Here a hierarchically branched ZnO nanowire structure is used as an example to investigate the effect of its geometry on light absorption and electrochemically active surface area. We used a two‐step hydrothermal method to synthesize the ZnO branched nanowires grown on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glasses. The branch size of the ZnO nanowires was adjusted by changing the hydrothermal parameters. The relationship between the geometric surface area and light absorption spectra as well as electrochemically active surface area were compared. It was found that with increase of geometric surface area the electrochemically active surface area increases monotonically but the light absorption first increased but then decreased. The monotone increase of the photoelectrochemical activity indicates that the large surface area facilitating the hole transfer reaction at the ZnO/electrolyte interface is profound to improve its photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency.
Bioorthogonal Uncaging of the Active Metabolite of Irinotecan by Palladium‐Functionalized Microdevices
Authors: Adam Catherine , Pérez‐López Ana M. , Hamilton Lloyd , Rubio‐Ruiz Belén , Bray Thomas L. , Sieger Dirk , Brennan Paul M. , Unciti‐Broceta Asier
Published: September 2018

SN‐38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, is released upon liver hydrolysis to mediate potent antitumor activity. Systemic exposure to SN‐38, however, also leads to serious side effects. To reduce systemic toxicity by controlling where and when SN‐38 is generated, a new prodrug was specifically designed to be metabolically stable and undergo rapid palladium‐mediated activation. Blocking the phenolic OH of SN‐38 with a 2,6‐bis(propargyloxy)benzyl group led to significant reduction of cytotoxic activity (up to 44‐fold). Anticancer properties were swiftly restored in the presence of heterogeneous palladium (Pd) catalysts to kill colorectal cancer and glioma cells, proving the efficacy of this novel masking strategy for aromatic hydroxyls. Combination with a Pd‐activated 5FU prodrug augmented the antiproliferative potency of the treatment, while displaying no activity in the absence of the Pd source, which illustrates the benefit of achieving controlled release of multiple approved therapeutics—sequentially or simultaneously—by the same bioorthogonal catalyst to increase anticancer activity.
Diradical Character Enhancement by Spacing: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Müller's Hydrocarbon
Authors: Rottschäfer Dennis , Busch Jasmin , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , van Gastel Maurice , Kishi Ryohei , Nakano Masayoshi , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: September 2018

Two‐fold C−C cross‐coupling of N‐heterocyclic carbenes [NHCs; SIPr=C(NArCH2)2, 1; IPr=C(NArCH)2, 2; Me‐IPr=C(NArCMe)2, 3; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3] with 4,4′′‐diiodo‐p‐terphenyl under Ni catalysis furnished [(SIPr)(C6H4)3(SIPr)](I)2 (4), [(IPr)(C6H4)3(IPr)](I)2 (5), and [(Me‐IPr)(C6H4)3(Me‐IPr)](I)2 (6). Two‐electron reduction of 4–6 with KC8 readily afforded NHC analogues of Müller's hydrocarbon (MH), [(SIPr)(C6H4)3(SIPr)] (7), [(IPr)(C6H4)3(IPr)] (8), and [(Me‐IPr)(C6H4)3(Me‐IPr)] (9), respectively, as highly colored crystalline solids. Quantum chemical calculations suggested that the singlet ground state for 7–9 possesses a vertical singlet–triplet energy gap ΔES‐T of −7.24 to −7.60 kcal mol−1, which is significantly lower compared to that of the NHC analogues of Thiele's (TH) and Chichibabin's (CH) (18–38 kcal mol−1) hydrocarbons. Importantly, the calculated diradical character (y) of 7–9 (y≈0.6) is considerably higher compared to that of the related TH and CH (y=0.1–0.4), suggesting the open‐shell singlet character of 7–9.
Secure‐CamFlow: A device‐oriented security model to assist information flow control systems in cloud environments for IoTs
Authors: Khurshid Anum , Khan Abdul Nasir , Khan Fiaz Gul , Ali Mazhar , Shuja Junaid , Khan Atta ur Rehman
Published: September 2018

Recent developments in the cloud technologies have motivated the migration of distributed large systems, specifically the Internet of Things to the cloud architecture. Since Internet of Things consist of a vast network and variety of objects, the cloud platform proves to be an ideal option. It is essential for the proper functioning of the Internet of Things to be able to share data among the system processes. The biggest problem faced during the transition of the IoTs to the cloud is the security of data especially while data sharing within the cloud and among its tenants. Information Flow Control mechanisms are one of the many solutions to enable a controlled sharing of data. Integration of Information Flow Control Systems to the existing architecture requires various levels of re‐engineering efforts. Moreover, most of the Information Flow Control systems focus on data flow within the cloud and neglect the security and integrity of data while it is being transferred to the cloud from various devices. This research focuses on securing the entire process of data migration to cloud from devices while the in‐cloud data flow is monitored by the Information Flow Control policies specified by the users. We have developed a prototype for the proposed model, and results are evaluated on the basis of energy consumption and execution time. As proposed model provides security services such as privacy, integrity, and authentication, hence it takes more execution time and consumes more energy as compared with the existing model.
An Energy‐Efficient One‐Pot Swelling/Esterification Method to Prepare Cellulose Nanofibers with Uniform Diameter
Authors: Song Yang , Chen Wei , Niu Xun , Fang Guigan , Min Huihua , Pan Hui
Published: September 2018

An energy‐efficient method has been developed to prepare 3–5 nm‐wide carboxyl‐functionalized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from pulp fiber by a simple one‐pot swelling followed by esterification process. Tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) binary solvent is used as the swelling agent and the esterification medium admixed with maleic anhydride. All steps are performed at room temperature and no post‐mechanical treatment is needed. The highly efficient defibrillation of pulp fiber to CNFs is thought to be due to two factors: 1) swelling in TBAA/DMSO effectively loosens the structure of cellulose supermolecules by breaking the intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between cellulose chains; and 2) the carboxyl groups grafted onto the cellulose molecules by esterification prohibit the reformulation of hydrogen bonds between cellulose chains and therefore stabilize the disperse CNFs with uniform diameter in solution. Other than acid anhydride, no catalyst is added for the esterification, which facilitates the recycling and reuse of the binary solvent. This energy‐efficient one‐pot method could facilitate the large‐scale manufacture of bio‐based nanomaterials.
Anorectic efficacy and safety of the diethylpropion‐topiramate combination in rats
Authors: Cortés‐Moreno Gabriela Y. , Roa‐Coria José E. , Zúñiga‐Romero Ángel , Huerta‐Cruz Juan C. , Lara‐Padilla Eleazar , del Valle‐Laisequilla Cecilia F. , Rocha‐González Héctor I. , Reyes‐García Juan G.
Published: September 2018

Preclinical Research & Development

Current drugs for obesity treatment have limited efficacy and considerable adverse effects. Combination of drugs with complementary mechanisms of action at lower doses may produce a greater efficacy with a better safety profile. This study was designed to assess the anorectic effect and safety of a diethylpropion + topiramate mixture in rats. The anorectic effect of drugs was measured using a sweetened milk consumption model, and the corresponding interaction was determined by isobolographic analysis, interaction index and confidence intervals. Additionally, blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer in the rat tail. Diethylpropion and topiramate alone or in combination increased the anorectic effect in a dose‐dependent fashion in either nondeprived or 12 hr food‐deprived rats. All theoretical ED30 values of diethylpropion + topiramate combinations at 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 dose ratios were significantly higher than experimental ED30 values. In addition, interaction indices and confidence intervals confirmed the potentiation between both drugs. Theoretical ED30 of diethylpropion + topiramate combination did not affect the blood pressure. Data suggests that low doses of the diethylpropion + topiramate combination can potentiate the anorectic effect of individual drugs with a better safety profile, which deserves further investigation in clinical trials.
Evaluation of phytomedicinal potential of perillyl alcohol in an in vitro Parkinson's Disease model
Authors: Anis Ehraz , Zafeer Mohd Faraz , Firdaus Fakiha , Islam Shireen Naaz , Fatima Mahino , Mobarak Hossain M
Published: September 2018

Preclinical Research & Development

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 10 million people worldwide. The risk of developing PD and similar neurodegenerative disorders increases with age and an estimated 4% people are diagnosed with the disease before reaching the age of 50. Oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features exhibited in the development of PD. The 6‐hyroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) model of PD is one of the most well characterized and studied models of the disease. 6‐OHDA, a neurotoxin, can induce most characteristic features of the disease, including mitochondrial dysfunction in‐vivo and in‐vitro. SH‐SY5Y is a neuroblastoma cell line of human origin that has been used for dose response studies on PD in the past. Based on previous data, we have used SH‐SY5Y cells as an in‐vitro model of PD to analyse the phytomedicinal potential of perillyl alcohol (PA), a monoterpenoid obtained from essential oils of various plants such as sage, peppermint and lavender. We have found that pretreatment with PA (10 μM and 20 μM) mitigated 6‐OHDA (150 μM) induced cytotoxicity in a dose‐dependent manner. We observed marked restoration of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as reduced reactive oxygen species generation, Cytochrome c immunofluorescence and DNA fragmentation after treatment with PA. On the basis of on our data, we have come to the conclusion that PA demonstrates sufficient neuroprotective activity to provide new avenues in therapy of PD and its apparent target being restoration of MMP can lead to better understanding of the disease.
Impact of eating disorders on obstetric outcomes in a large clinical sample: A comparison with the HUNT study
Authors: Eik‐Nes Trine Tetlie , Horn Julie , Strohmaier Susanne , Holmen Turid L. , Micali Nadia , Bjørnelv Sigrid
Published: September 2018

Objective

Current evidence from clinical studies suggests that having an active eating disorder (ED) during pregnancy is associated with unfavorable obstetric outcomes. However, the role of a lifetime diagnosis of ED is not fully understood. Variations in findings suggest a need for additional studies of maternal ED. This study aims to identify associations between a lifetime ED and obstetric outcomes.

Method

Data from a hospital patient register and a population‐based study (The HUNT Study) were linked to the Medical Birth Registry in Norway. Register based information of obstetric complications (preeclampsia, preterm birth, perinatal deaths, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), Caesarean sections, and 5‐min Apgar score) were acquired for 532 births of women with ED and 43,657 births of non‐ED women. Multivariable regression in generalized estimating equations was used to account for clusters within women as they contributed multiple births to the dataset.

Results

After adjusting for parity, maternal age, marital status, and year of delivery, lifetime history of anorexia nervosa was associated with increased odds of having offspring who were SGA (Odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.4–5.2). Women with a lifetime history of bulimia nervosa had higher odds of having a Caesarian section (OR 1.7 95% CI 1.1–2.5). Women with EDNOS/sub‐threshold ED had a higher likelihood of having a low Apgar score at 5 min (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1–8.8).

Conclusion

Our study corroborates available evidence on the associations between maternal ED and adverse obstetric outcomes.