bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO₂ Measured In The Gas Phase As An Indicator Of Biofilm Metabolism
Authors: Kroukamp Marthinus
Published: June 2021

The behaviour of microorganisms in biofilms is uniquely dependent on their location within the biofilm-matrix and the dynamic interplay between the countless microenvironments that is in constant flux because of physiochemical and inter-cell exchanges. To study microorganisms in the biofilm environment, the above mentioned heterogeneity forces any researcher to either focus on micro-niches (whose data may or may not be suitable for extrapolation to infer information about the whole) or stand back and study a global biofilm parameter (as a sum-total of micro-behaviours but losing information about the diversity). Either way, the positional dependence of behaviour arguably favours in situ studies with the least amount of disruption whether physical or the addition of chemicals. A simple technology was developed to measure in situ biofilm CO₂ production as an indication of overall metabolism, in real-time and non-destructively. The first system developed was a carbon dioxide evolution measurement system (CEMS) with biofilms growing on the inside of a CO₂ and O₂permeable silicone tube with quantification of microbially produced CO₂transferred across the tube wall could.

The concept of measuring biofilm CO₂was subsequently expanded to accommodate any biofilm reactor by measuring CO₂in the reactor effluent. By monitoring CO₂the advantage is that aerobic and anaerobic metabolism can be tracked with an combination of microbial community members with varying growth conditions such as temperature and nutrient composition. It furthermore allows the setup of carbon balance over a reactor system to address fundamental biofilm aspects such as percentages of inflowing nutrients used for respiration or quantification of "missing" carbon fractions. The ability to measure metabolism in real-time provides insight into both steady state and transient biofilm responses to changes in their environment while the non-destructive nature of the technique gives the opportunity to determine the possibility of adaptive behaviour in the same biofilm after repeated exposure. Practical applicability of these measurement systems has been demonstrated in a wide range of biofilm related phenomena such as the areas of biofilm architecture, biofilm development and biofilm resilience after physical and antimicrobial attacks.
Providing Access To The Everette Dixie Reese Prints And Negatives At The George Eastman House
Authors: Smith Amanda L.
Published: June 2021

This thesis is an applied project undertaken to provide access to a group of nearly 5,700 undescribed prints and negatives made by Everette Dixie Reese (1923-1955) preserved at George Eastman House (GEH). Reese acted as the Chief of the Photo Section for the Special Technical and Economic Mission (STEM) to Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (CLV) from 1951 to 1955 during the Indochina War (1946-1954). The project involved writing a multilevel, archival finding aid for the materials following the Society of American Archivists' standard that includes the scope and content, research strengths, series and subseries descriptions and container lists for the materials along with an extended biography and chronology for Reese. In preparation for the eventual object-level cataloguing of the collection, five objects were selected and catalogued in The Museum System (TMS) to act as exemplification models for future cataloguers. These products are supplemented by an analytical paper outlining the methodology of the project, research required, decisions made in the process, and the steps taken to complete it.
North Toronto rapid transit line feasibility study
Authors: Gumbs Sherwin
Published: June 2021

Traffic congestion is an existing problem in North Toronto with Highway 401 and other area roads operating at capacity during peak hours. Future population and employment growth across north Toronto will increase traffic demands in the area. With many roads already operating at capacity, alternative non-auto modes of transportation will be required to accommodate future traffic demands and minimize future traffic congestion. Public transit is the best means of providing a non-auto transportation mode in north Toronto. Higher-order rapid transit can offer travel-time savings and many other benefits over auto-travel in congested conditions; however, no rapid transit service presently exists across north Toronto.

This paper provides the rationale for a north Toronto rapid transit line and confirms its feasibility for its implementation.
Foreign trained doctors in Ontario: a review of the process, it's effectiveness, efficiency, and legitimacy
Authors: Aileen Wing Chi Siu
Published: June 2021

With the level of difficulty a foreign trained doctor must endure to achieve doctor status in Ontario, there is an apparent flaw in the system that this paper suggests may be a result of institutional racism. The process for foreign trained doctors to undergo is examined in the context of the doctor shortage in Ontario, the assessment process, and case studies from other countries that suggest the difficulty foreign trained doctors experience may be a result of institutional racism. This paper argues that foreign trained doctors are important to physician resource planning in Ontario and there needs to be reform of the current licensing requirements to recognize their credentials.
Capacity optimization for radio resource allocation in cognitive networks
Authors: Elalem Mohamed
Published: June 2021

With the rapid development of wireless services and applications, the currently radio spectrum is becoming more crowded. How to accommodate more wireless services and applications within the limited radio spectrum becomes a big challenge faced by modern society. Cognitive radio (CR) is proposed as a promising technology to tackle this challenge by introducing secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically or concurrently access the spectrum allocated to primary users (PUs). Currently, there are two prevalent CR models: the spectrum sharing model and the opportunistic spectrum access model. In the spectrum sharing model, the SUs are allowed to coexist with the PUs as long as the interferences from SUs do not degrade the quality of service (QoS) of PUs to an unacceptable level. In the opportunistic spectrum access model, SUs are allowed to access the spectrum only if the PUs are detected to be inactive. These two models known as underlay and overlay schemes, respectively.

This thesis studies a number of topics in CR networks under the framework of these two schemes. First, studied cognitive radio transmissions under QoS delay constraints. Initially, we focused on the concept: effective capacity for cognitive radio channels in order to identify the performance in the presence of QoS constraints. Both underlay and overlay schemes are studied taking into consideration the activity of primary users, and assuming the general case of channel fading as Gamma distribution. For this setting, we further proposed a selection criterion by which the cognitive radio network can choose the adequate mode of operation. Then, we studied the cognitive radio transmissions focusing on Rayleigh fading channel and assumed that no prior channel knowledge is available at the transmitter and the receiver. We investigated the performance of pilot-assisted transmission strategies. In particular, we analyzed the channel estimation using minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) estimation, and analyzed efficient resource allocation strategies. In both cases, power allocations and effective capacity optimization were obtained. Effective capacity and interference constraint were analyzed in both single-band and multi-band spectrum sensing settings. Finally, we studied optimal access probabilities for cognitive radio network using Markov model to achieve maximum throughput for both CR schemes.
Framing early cinema : the Davide Turconi nitrate frame collection at George Eastman House
Authors: Fletcher Alicia Marie
Published: June 2021

This thesis examines the history, use, and value of the Davide Turconi Nitrate Frame Collection of film fragments, housed at George Eastman House. An Italian film historian, Turconi (1911-2005) compiled the collection in the 1960s. Over the past decade, GEH and its partner institutions digitized the collection's 23,5000 fragments, which mostly date from the 1900s and 1910s. The thesis's case study analyzes two films represented by fragments in the collection: Les Tulipes (Pathé, 1907) and Maid of Niagara (American Kenema-Pathé, 1910). This case study employs a small section of the collection to speak to its importance as a whole and is particularly focused on the collection's early applied colour effects. It compares the fragments to multiple preserved versions of the films, arguing that the Turconi Collection, as well as other frame collections housed at various institutions, are primary documents, unlike most modern restorations of early silent films.
On black style: black style in the blogosphere
Authors: Aziga Simone Verginia Ejawa
Published: June 2021

This creative research project titled On Black Style: Black Style in the Blogosphere is an explorative study of black style and black identities as seen through the fashion blogosphere. It explores how the fashion blogosphere has allowed individuals of Black African descent to advance sartorial representations of black identities in fashion media, as well as visualizations of black style. Data were collected from two groupings of voluntary participants. The first involved 2 fashion bloggers of Black African descent; the second involved 36 individuals of Black African descent from the Greater Toronto Area and Montréal who were recruited as street style participants. Themes drawn from analyses of the findings include post-black style, the problematic portrayal of black subjects in fashion media, and the incalculable influence of black style in the fashion blogosphere. Presented as an online fashion magazine, On Black Style features 20 street style participants. It is viewable at www.onblackstyle.com.
Here's Looking At You: Quantification Of Quotidian Exposure To Faces
Authors: Sugden Nicole Andrea
Published: June 2021

The majority of adults are face experts, excelling at perceiving, recognizing, and discriminating amongst faces. This expertise begins to develop in infancy, but it is currently unclear whether it develops primarily based on extensive experience or on a genetic predisposition. The amount of face experience typically received in infancy and adulthood has not been quantified previously. Through the use of head-mounted cameras, this study describes the exposure to faces received by 1-and 3-month-old infants and adults in their natural environment. Adults see faces significantly less often (13% of the time) than 1-and 3-month-oldinfants(37% and 38%, respectively). Infants see more female, homogenous-age, own-race, inverted, and emotional faces than adults. They also view more up-close faces than adults, which reflects the different interactions infants and adults have with faces. These results are discussed in terms of the relations between face exposure and the development of expertise.
The purpose of public art in the Canadian suburb: an evaluation of Markham's public art program
Authors: Wong Rayson
Published: June 2021

Public art is a creative placemaking tool to enhance the quality of civic life and foster a sense of community. There is growing enthusiasm for public art to be integrated into the suburban environment in fostering a more culturally vibrant place. This paper explores the unique challenges faced in suburban public art planning. The City of Markham’s new public art program is used as a case study.

Successful public art in the suburb should reflect the local community’s history, values, or needs. Public engagement and collaboration is critical to creating public art that garners intrinsic connections. Generally, since suburban municipalities have smaller populations and lower developmental demand than urban cores, they should incorporate a variety of funding tools to effectively sustain their public art programs.

Markham should increase its efforts on engaging the public in all aspects of public art commissioning, and maximize their financial resources in order to increase the presence of its program.
Issues in Object-Level Description of Press Photography Collections : Toward a Metadata Standard for Photojournalism
Authors: Rushworth Matthew
Published: June 2021

The role of photojournalism archives is in a state of reinvention as physical collections move from agencies to cultural institutions. The accessibility of collections is imperative for new research focusing on recognizing the complex nature of the printed page and the various editorial, aesthetic and political forces involved in producing a publication. Researchers are using primary photographic objects along with original press materials to discover new aspects of photojournalism’s history. These collections represent a unique challenge for institutions, where the multiple physical manifestations of a single image each contribute to an understanding of how photography was used by the media. Traditional cataloguing standards for image collections excel at recording image content, but there remains no standard for the description of photojournalism objects. This thesis posits a method of describing photojournalism objects by utilizing existing structural metadata standards in order to improve database browsing capabilities, thus improving research efficiency.
Internet Routing Algorithms, Transmission and Time: Toward a Concept of Transmisive Control
Authors: McKelvey Fenwick Robert
Published: June 2021

This dissertation develops the concept of transmissive control to explore the consequences of changes in Internet routing for communication online. Where transmission often denotes an act of exchanging information between sender and receiver, transmissive control theorizes transmission as the production and assignment of common times or temporalities between components of a communication system. Transmissive control functions both operationally according to how computational algorithms route Internet data (known as packets) and systematically according to how patterns in these operations express temporalities of coordination and control. Transmissive control questions how algorithms transmit packets and how transmission expresses valuable temporalities within the Internet. The concept of transmissive control developed as a response to advanced Internet routing algorithms that have greater awareness of packets and more capacity to intervene during transmission. The temporality of the Internet is changing due to these algorithms. Where transmissive control has been made possible by the Internet’s core asynchronous design that allows for many diferent temporalities to be simultaneous (such as real-time networks or time-sharing networks), this diversity has taxed the resources of the Internet infrastructure as well as the business models of most Internet Service Providers (ISPs). To bring the temporality of the Internet back under control, ISPs and other network administrators have turned to transmissive control to better manage their resources. Their activities shift the Internet from an asynchronous temporality to a poly-chronous temporality where network administrators set and manage the times of the Internet. Where this turn to traffic management has often been framed as a debate over the neutrality of the Internet, the dissertation re-orientates the debate around transmissive control. Tactics by the anti-copyright Pirate Bay and Internet transparency projects illustrate potential political and policy responses to transmissive control. The former seeks to elude its control where the latter seeks to expose its operation. These components as well as the operation of transmissive control will be developed through a series of metaphors from the film Inception, the demons of Pandemonium, the novel Moby-Dick and the film Stalker. Each metaphor cooperate to provide a comprehensive discussion of transmissive control.
The digitization of photographic albums at the Victoria and Albert Museum and other London-based cultural institutions
Authors: Yuen Daphne
Published: June 2021

This thesis investigates current digitization approaches to photographic albums by surveying the practices at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, England alongside three other London-based institutions: the British Museum, British Library, and National Portrait Gallery. It highlights the value in researching and recording these documentation methods as an integral yet often overlooked part of museums’ institutional history. For contextual background for the survey, a brief history of photographic albums and their inherent conservation issues is presented along with albums’ digitization guidelines and a discussion of how digitization influences our relationship to the original object. The types of digitization methods employed at each institution is then examined to understand how curatorial and technical factors influence the digitization process and to observe the trends across the four institutions. A case study was performed at the Victoria and Albert Museum of a photographic album being digitized and is included in the appendices.
On the Fragmentation of Canadian Fashion: Marketing in a Global Economy
Authors: Beckett Regan
Published: June 2021

This Master’s Research Paper investigates and discusses issues of regionalism in Canada and the subsequent problems related to the fashion industry due to fragmentation. The paper explores concepts of national identity as it relates to the construction of fashion capitals as a marketing tool to encourage economic growth through brand loyalty. This concept is developed to suit the current issues and needs in marketing Canadian-designed fashion domestically and globally. Twenty-two fashion professionals were interviewed and asked to discuss the current atmosphere of Canadian fashion culture, design communities, and the importance of the internet as a marketing tool; these interviews laid the foundation for a proposal of regional integration developed through an online platform with emphasis on social interaction among users.
Intermarriage, Assimilation, and Transnationalism: New Directions
Authors: Fitt-Ajewole Rebecca Leah
Published: June 2021

Statistics Canada has reported that intermarriage, which is defined as marriages that take place outside the boundaries of tradition, religion, caste, and geographical origins, is on the rise in Canada. While the economic integration of immigrants in Canada has been thoroughly researched, couple and family formation are less researched but fundamental aspects of the settlement and accommodation of immigrants in receiving countries. Using both assimilation theory and transnationalism, I will critically review the way in which intermarriage is interpreted in the literature and demonstrate a gap in regards to contemporary studies of intermarriage. In-depth interviews were conducted with three white, Canadian-born women and their racialized/immigrant husbands in Southern Ontario to gain insight into their everyday, lived experiences. Through the exploration of themes such as identity, culture, gender, and family relationships, the findings suggest that intermarried couples are continually negotiating transnational ideas, values, and practices.
A Descriptive Analysis of F. Beato & Co.’s Commercial Souvenir Album, Photographic Views and Costumes of Japan, Held at George Eastman House
Authors: Kinsman Darren  A.
Published: June 2021

This thesis is a descriptive analysis of, Photographic Views and Costumes of Japan, a souvenir album issued by F. Beato & Co., Yokohama, a photographic studio run from 1868 to 1877 by photographer, Felice Beato (Italian, 1832-1909). Held at George Eastman House, this disassembled album was likely purchased in 1876 or 1877 by F.E. Foster of the Pacific Mail and Steamship Company. It contains fifty-one albumen silver photographs, twenty-four letterpress album notes, and thirteen blank leaves. Twenty-eight of the album’s photographs can be attributed to Beato. The remaining twenty-three are by unidentified photographers. The thesis provides an overview of Japanese photography and Beato’s career; establishes the album’s origins; and explores the extent of the album’s modifications, as well as their significance within the historical context of the period. Appendices include descriptions of six additional albums from Beato’s studio and a fully illustrated catalogue of the Eastman House album.
Race, racism, and multiracial couples : a social constructionist perspective
Authors: Gilkinson Tara Elyse
Published: June 2021

The history of the creation of racial categories is intrinsically linked to the existence of the taboo surrounding multiracial couples. This paper exposes the beginnings of how skin became a tool of oppression, race became a reality, and whiteness became normalized. Furthermore, science and academia are exposed in their biased search for an objective truth, that in Etienne Balibar's words, "(could) integrate the city into the cosmos" (2003), thereby justifying whiteness, segregation, and the status quo. Moreover, this paper then addresses the new formations and manifestations of racism that exist today and exposes their origins. The final section of this paper addresses Canadian multicultural policy and questions its hand in perpetuating and legitimating essentialized cultural and racial categories. The impact of multiculturalism on multiracial couples and multiracality is also addressed, and further anti-racist solutions are suggested to combat the persistence and prevelance of racism.
Mapping The Biopolitical Mind: The Rhetorics Of Neoliberal University Networks
Authors: Iliadis Andrew
Published: June 2021

This thesis will begin by sketching a brief history of neoliberal governmentality in relation to the contemporary university before showing how this interconnectivity legitimizes itself inside an institutional framework where the university's role shifts away from the guardianship of national culture to the production of biopolitically charged bodies enmeshed in the rhetoric of excellence. I argue for a rereading of the development of urbanization that is contemporaneous with the increased practice of a long-term neoliberal university planning for potential growth whose stakeholders would include the university, the city and the corporation. The imminantization of capital in the "digital economy" collapses traditional notions of space-time and in the shift from national culture to biopolitically charged studentship there is a shift away from a labour power that produces capital to a new type of human capital; I argue against sociologists of education and in favour of the concept of thought as alienation.
Evaluation of the Acceptability and Utility of a Decision Aid for the Treatment of Adult Depression
Authors: Rogojanski Jenny
Published: June 2021

Decision aids communicate the best available evidence on treatment options to patients in order to facilitate informed decision-making. Research suggests that decision aids improve patients’ treatment knowledge, reduce decisional conflict, and promote more active decision-making. Despite evidence of the utility of decision aids in physical health conditions, they are both understudied and rarely used for mental health problems. The present study evaluated the acceptability and utility of a decision aid for the treatment of depression and its relationship to participants' knowledge and decision-making. Undergraduate students (

Participants completed a follow-up knowledge test, along with a series of questionnaires assessing acceptability of the decision aid and other variables of interest (e.g., decisional conflict, preparation for decision-making). One month later, participants completed the knowledge test for the third time. Overall, a majority of participants rated the decision aid as highly acceptable and useful. There was a significant increase in participants’ knowledge of depression treatment from prior to reading to after reading the decision aid. Although participants’ knowledge scores decreased slightly at the 1-month follow-up, they were still significantly higher than their baseline scores. The hypothesis that participants’ treatment choice would be influenced by the order in which treatment options were presented to them within the decision aid was partially supported. However, this effect was eliminated when the few participants who selected the “no treatment” option were excluded, as well as when participants were given the additional option of selecting a combined treatment (i.e., medication and psychotherapy). This is one of the few studies aimed at expanding the use of decision aids to mental health conditions. Future research should evaluate the utility of this decision aid with a clinical sample. Additionally, the methodology used in this study can be translated to the evaluation of other decision aids.
A hygrothermal comparative analysis of split-­Insulated, high-RSI wall assemblies in three Canadian climates
Authors: Stiffman Andrew
Published: June 2021

As consciousness grows regarding the negative impacts most buildings have on the Earth's environment, techniques to mitigate this impact must emerge in mainstream design practices. A calibrated hygrothermal simulation was conducted using WUFI® Pro to assess predicted hygrothermal performance of a variety of wall assemblies that are likely to enter into mainstream design practices. The results of these simulations reveal the importance of designing assemblies that are resilient to field conditions that introduce more severe hygrothermal loads than standard vapour diffusion. It is clear that in order for a wall assembly to perform adequately under moisture ingress conditions, it must be able to dry freely to at least one side of the building enclosure. High-RSI assemblies with exterior XPS exhibited far diminished resiliency to driving rain penetration as compared to those without exterior insulation and those with exterior mineral wool.
Strengthening full-scale damaged prestressed concrete bridge girders with CFRP sheets
Authors: Cerullo David
Published: June 2021

A large percentage of bridges in Canada were constructed over thirty years ago and their condition steadily declining. A product of deterioration and corrosive environments, many structures have been rendered unfit as per design codes and [are] structurally unsound. Constructing new structures and conventional repair methods are financially costly. A solution lies in fibre reinforced polymers (FRP).

This thesis summarizes experimental projects regarding FRP usage in field applications. An actual damaged bridge girder was removed and rehabilitated with the FRP system. It was loaded incrementally and statically, nearing failure, investigating the reliability of the rehabilitation technique proposed to revive strength capacity to an acceptable level. A finite element computer simulation was created, modeling the load-history of the rehabilitated girder, as well as three full-scale damaged duble-tee girders, recently rehabilitated and loaded to collapse. This full-scale testing program and computer replication shall provide engineers with confidence in using FRP technology in girder strengthening.
The space between photography and film : an object study from the Warner Bros.-First National Keybook collection
Authors: Cullen Frances
Published: June 2021

Historically and conceptually, film stills occupy a precarious position between two academic disciplines: cinema studies and the history of photography. They are overshadowed in collections by more prominent and "valuable" cinematic or photographic objects competing for the same space and money; and they have received relatively little attention in scholarship, exhibitions and publications. The film still is a unique and distinctive genre of object, possessing its own history, physicality, and aesthetic. After establishing a historical and descriptive context for understanding the film still as an object with multiple incarnations - commercial, nostalgic, historical, educational, artistic - this thesis transitions into an analysis of actual stills. By examining the physical and aesthetic characteristics of a small selection of stills from George Eastman House's "Warner Bros.-First National Keybook Collection," drawn from the keybooks of Other Women's Husbands (1926), Lights of New York, and 42nd Street, an argument emerges for the establishment of the film still as a genre of photographic object distinguishable by its physical and aesthetic characteristics as much as by its origin.
Thick Reinforced Concrete Walls Subjected To Non-Uniform Restrained Shrinkage
Authors: Jourabloo Ali
Published: June 2021

Several researchers have studied the behavior of reinforced concrete walls under restraint shrinkage, which demonstrate the variation of the degree of restraint with different Length/Height ratios. In general, concrete standards and codes of practice recommend a minimum amount of reinforcement for shrinkage effects. This research investigates the response of thick reinforced concrete walls subjected to restraint shrinkage. The parameters studied are the thickness of reinforced concrete walls, and non-uniform distribution of shrinkage along the Length\Height and through the thickness of the wall. This study uses the non-linear finite element method to simulate the cracking behavior of the concrete and to predict tensile stresses in the reinforcement in the vicinity of Cracks. Moreover, this study investigates the influence of reinforcement ratio and compares the results with well-known concrete standards and codes of practice. It is concluded that the non-uniform shrinkage through the thickness of the wall may have significant impact on the cracking behavior of thick concrete walls. In addition, as expected, higher reinforcement ratio results in lower tensile stresses in the reinforcement. The thesis also provides guidelines for minimum reinforcement ratio.
Optimization of Culvert Dimensions and Reliability
Authors: Tawfiq Salma
Published: June 2021

A culvert is a hydraulic structure constructed to increase the water carrying capacity away from highway and buildings in the environment. Culverts have received less attention over the years because they are not highly visible, even if they have sufficient performance. Culverts offer much smaller investment options compared with bridges and in many cases they have replaced small bridges. Culverts are also less hazardous in the case of failure. This study brings together results about several variables of culverts including optimum dimensions, shapes, materials and inlet configurations. During culvert design, hydraulic testing was required for sizing of structures, where risk analysis calculation has been performed regarding the probability of inadequate capacity of culvert design to pass floods. The failure probability is estimated using the advanced first order second moment (AFOSM) method. Therefore, the methodology ensures the design of the hydraulic structure fulfills the required role, while minimizing its future effects in the environment.
An analysis of structured and unstructured P2P systems over MANET
Authors: Negulescu Cristian
Published: June 2021

Peer-to-peer or P2P file-sharing application on wireless ad hoc mobile network (MANET) has gained a lot of interest in the recent years. A peer-to-peer network is an overlay network that is deployed over ad hoc networks. Our work is analyzing two P2P systems over MANET. The systems evaluated are representing two distinct categories in terms of network topology such as unstructured and structured architectures. RAON or Resource-Aware Overlay Network, which is an improvement of an existent P2P system called Gia, is an unstructured system. CAN or Content-Addressable Network is an existent P2P system in the category of structured architectures. Based on the simulations of the two P2P systems over MANET, we evaluated the performance in terms of query search success rate and query search delay.
Analysis of the card photograph mounts and imprints of nineteenth century Rochester portrait photographer J.H. Kent, in the George Eastman House collection
Authors: Reilly Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

This essay summarizes a survey of a group of cartes de visite and cabinet card photographs by one photographer. A history of nineteenth century card photography styles and practices, and a brief biography of photographer J.H. Kent provide context for the objects examined. The study took into consideration 207 photographic objects that were sorted, analyzed, researched, and cataloged. The card mounts were evaluated principally in comparison to William C. Darrah’s book Cartes de Visite in Nineteenth Century Photography in an attempt to ascertain the ease of dating card photographs based on the mounts, imprints and other factors of the overall presentation. The results of the comprehensive assessment and analysis of Kent’s card photographs proved that dating by addresses imprinted on mounts, details in imprint design and typography, and comparisons of imprint designs and card mounts styles to those outlined by Darrah and others is indeed achievable.
The impact of Chinese culture on the performance of international projects
Authors: Ding Shaowen (Wendy)
Published: June 2021

In the last two decades, a substantial number of foreign investments brought thousands of international projects to the PRC [People's Republic of China]. Westerners undertaking these projects with their conventional management model as well as implementation certainty face challenges stirred by the Chinese's culture and traditions. With the PRC poised to take on a more dominant role in the world economy, there is a pressing need for foreign investors to understand the role that the Chinese culture plays in the performance of international projects. This paper prompts foreign investors to strongly consider potential impacts of the Chinese culture on international projects performed in China. Failure to respect China's local model and practice often times cause pricey delays or even total loss.
Load distribution in concrete solid slab bridges
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) specifies empirical equations for the moment and shear distribution factors for selected bridge configurations. These empirical equations were based on the orthotropic plate theory with equivalent slab bending and torsional rigidity. Also, they were based on analysis procedure and CHBDC truck loading condition slightly different from those specified in the current CHBDC code of 2006. In this study, a parametric study was conducted, using the finite-element modeling to determine the moment and shear distribution factors for solid slab bridges subjected to CHBDC truck loading. Shell elements were used to model the bridge deck slab supported over bearings on each side of the bridge at 1.2 m spacing. The results from the parametric study were correlated to those available in the CHBDC code. Results show considerable difference in FEA results and CHBDS equations, especially for shear distribution factors. This project provides research results that can be used further to develop more reliable expressions for moment and shear distribution factors for solid slab bridges.
Frame by frame: a comparative analysis of professional and amateur films of the 1939 Royal Tour of Canada
Authors: Todd Eveline
Published: June 2021

This thesis examines ten professional films and ten amateur films depicting the royal tour of Canada, the United States, and Newfoundland taken by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in the spring of 1939. The films, held in the collections of Library and Archives Canada, come from a variety of primarily Canadian producers including provincial and federal governments, newsreel companies, local production companies, and amateurs. A shot-by-shot analysis of each film is used to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate and compare the content, cinematography, and editing styles chosen by these filmmakers, in order to understand the differences and similarities in how they experienced and recorded the tour, and what these differences and similarities reveal about the tour’s impact on Canada and Canadians. This analysis finds that the amateur films tend to show how the tour affected individuals and communities, while the professional films trace its impact on a national, political level.
The interactive model of ethnic entrepreneurship : a case study of Pacific Mall in Markham, Ontario
Authors: Wu Teresa Qianyan
Published: June 2021

Using the Interactive Model of Ethnic Entrepreneurship created by Waldinger et al. (1990), this major research paper examines the strategies employed by Chinese entrepreneurs in Toronto. Pacific Mall, an indoor shopping centre located in the outer skirt of Toronto, is selected as a case study of Chinese enclave economy to determine whether the model is reflective of reality. An in-depth examination of a set of internal and external factors is presented to explain how the opportunity structure interacts with the goup characterstics of the entrepreneurs to facilitate ethnic entrepreneurship in Pacific Mall. The findings of this paper indicates that the model generally presents a good explanation of the circumstances found in Pacific Mall; however, minor gaps remain as certain factors could not be explained by the model.
Synthesis and characterization of theranostic agents for photoacoustic imaging and therapy.
Authors: Wang Yan Jie
Published: June 2021

In this work, phase-change contrast agents were developed for photoacoustic (PA) imaging and therapy. They consist of superheated liquid perfluorocarbon and gold nanoparticles capped by a Poly-(Lactide-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) polymer shell. The phase transition from liquid to gas bubble can be remotely triggered by a laser source. In their liquid state, upon laser irradiation, these agents generated strong PA signals which were proportional to the laser fluence and particle sizes. The vaporization threshold decreased with increasing particle size, and was 850, 670 and 420 mJ/cm2 for 2, 5, 10 μm-sized PLGA particles loaded with 35 nm GNPs, respectively. Cell culture studies, including passive uptake by the cancer cells and mechanical damage to the cancer cells caused by the vaporization inside the cells are also investigated. These agents show potential as photoacoustic imaging contrast and cancer therapy agents for clinical applications.
An assessment of the barriers regarding international medical doctors' path to licensure in Ontario and the initiatives put forth to tackle these challenges
Authors: Moazzam Lida
Published: June 2021

Upon arrival to Canada, International Medical Doctors (IDMs) must undergo a lengthy and complex process in becoming accredited in order to be able to practice in this country, IMDs have historically contributed substantially to the Canadian healthcare system and have great potential to tackle the current physician shortages in the provinces. However, although they have significant skills and experience and can be regarded as a fairly obvious resource to address the physician shortage, their potential remains underutilized. Therefore, this major research paper will focus on the province of Ontario to examine some of the barriers IMDs face in their path to re-entering their profession and outline and assess some of the initiatives and programs put forth to tackle some of these challenges faced by IMDs in this province.
Too hot for the Library: access to films with sensitive content
Authors: Wong Olivia
Published: June 2021

This thesis explores decisions on access to collections with sensitive content through a case study analysis of the library principles and archival practices applied to the films from the Youth Film Distribution Center (YFDC). These films are overseen by the Reserve Film and Video Collection at The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center. The Reserve Film and Video Collection has been the principal circulating audiovisual department for The New York Public Library since the 1950s. The objective of this thesis is to explore processing decisions for films with sensitive content (e.g. films promoting negative stereotypes of their subjects or featuring violent or sexually explicit content). The thesis offers an historical overview of the Youth Film Distribution Center and outlines the processing decisions surrounding levels of access for the YFDC title Seeing (1972).
Facing Canada: portraits in Toronto
Authors: Godfrey Abagail
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses Facing Canada: Portraits in Toronto. This project is both an investigation of the visual representation of culture and a methodological exploration of ways to visually speak out and speak together, in multiple collectivities, about: Canada, national identity, self-identification, belonging and multiculturalism. The photographs are at the nexus of a web of official and remembered histories that have been represented overwhelmingly through official or nationalistic imagery and through the (re) use of colonial, often ethnographic, photographs and stylistic conventions. The vehicles of this exploration are photographs and the photographic process. Moving beyond the usual photographer-subject relationship, I experiment with a photographic engagement that recognizes "subjects" as research partners whose contributions are integral to the content
and impact of the resulting image.
Unit commitment using complementarity
Authors: Craig Steven V.
Published: June 2021

A need exists to optimally dispatch power generation to meet per-hour requirements on the power grid. This is a well documented and established problem called Unit Commitment (UC). It is commonly formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), which utilizes intelligent solvers to produce a solution with speed and accuracy. The linear nature of MILP requires linear approximations of nonlinear constraints.
This work introduces the Theory of Complementarity in order to remove integer variables, resulting in a continuous rather than a discontinuous solution space. This permits use of classical solution techniques, as well as nonlinear constraints, thereby increasing accuracy.
A formulation is developed to demonstrate a proof of concept of the complementarity theory as used in UC. A subset of constraints will be used and the results will be compared against an MILP optimization, for 10-and 26-generator configurations. Similar trends in generator status and total cost are noted.
Synthesis of Classical and Non-Classical CMOS Transistor Fault Models Mapped to Gate-Level for Reconfigurable Hardware-Based Fault Injection
Authors: Abedi Raha
Published: June 2021

One of the main goals of fault injection techniques is to evaluate the fault tolerance of a design. To have greater confidence in the fault tolerance of a system, an accurate fault model is essential. While more accurate than gate level, transistor level fault models cannot be synthesized into FPGA chips. Thus, transistor level faults must be mapped to the gate level to obtain both accuracy and synthesizability. Re-synthesizing a large system for fault injection is not cost effective when the number of faults and system complexity are high. Therefore, the system must be divided into partitions to reduce the re-synthesis time as faults are injected only into a portion of the system. However, the module-based partial reconfiguration complexity rises with an increase in the total number of partitions in the system. An unbalanced partitioning methodology is introduced to reduce the total number of partitions in a system while the size of the partitions where faults are to be injected remains small enough to achieve an acceptable re-synthesis time.
Lincoln Kirstein: An American Influence: The Photographs of Walker Evans & Henri Cartier-Bresson at the New York City Ballet
Authors: Murphy Jessica
Published: June 2021

This thesis explores the work of Walker Evans (1903–1975) and Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908– 2004) in relation to the New York City Ballet (NYCB) and its co-founder, Lincoln Kirstein (1907–1996). Kirstein, a respected author and critic, supported numerous creative mediums, artists, and photographers. However, despite his friendship and sponsorship of Evans and Cartier-Bresson, their photographs of Kirstein’s dance company have remained relatively unknown. This lacuna invites a reexamination of their work at the NYCB, with an emphasis on Kirstein’s influential relationship with each photographer.

In addition to supplementing scholarship on Evans and Cartier-Bresson, this thesis is accompanied by an illustrated catalogue containing all known images related to the NYCB by both photographers, reproducing the majority of this work for the first time. This thesis thus aims to produce a significant contribution to not only our knowledge of Evans and Cartier-Bresson’s oeuvres, but also twentieth-century American art and culture.
High-Power Multimodular Matrix Converters and Modulation
Authors: Wang Jiacheng
Published: June 2021

High-power multimodular matrix converters (MMMCs) comprising multiple threephase to single-phase matrix converter modules have emerged as a viable topology candidate for medium-voltage adjustable speed drives. As a combination of direct power conversion and cascaded multilevel structure, the MMMCs inherit features such as elimination of dc capacitors, four quadrant operation capability, employment of lowvoltage devices only, and superior output waveform quality under a limited device switching frequency. Due to their particular topological structure, modulation scheme design for the MMMCs is not straightforward and complicated. The presented work is mainly focused on development of suitable modulation schemes for the MMMCs. Several viable schemes as well as their corresponding switching patterns are proposed and verified by both simulation and experimental results.

In order for the MMMCs to produce sinusoidal waveforms at both input and output ac terminals, a direct transfer matrix based modulation scheme is presented. It is revealed that a suitable modulation strategy for the MMMCs should aim at fabricating the total input current on the primary side of the isolation transformer. For topologies with more than two modules in cascade on each output phase, switching period displacement is necessary among modules to generate multilevel output waveforms.

An indirect space vector based modulation scheme for the MMMCs is developed. With a few presumptions satisfied and viewed from a certain perspective, the MMMCs can still be modeled indirectly and be divided into fictitious rectifier and inverter stages. Therefore, space vector modulation methods can be independently applied to both stages for duty ratio calculation, before the results are converted and combined for determining per-phase output pulses. A new output switching pattern providing improved harmonic performance is also proposed.

A novel modulation scheme based on diode rectifier emulation and phase-shifted sinusoidal pulse-width modulation is proposed. The method sacrifices input power factor adjustment, but enables the use of an indirect module construction leading to significantly reduced device count and complexity. Strategy for reducing additional switchings caused by input voltage ripples is also implemented and explained.

In addition to simulation verifications, all the proposed schemes are further tested experimentally on a low-voltage prototype built in the lab. Details about the prototype implementation are introduced.