bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the use of actigraphy to investigate sleep problems in older people with intellectual disability
Authors: van Dijk E. , Hilgenkamp T. I. M. , Evenhuis H. M. , Echteld M. A.
Published: August 2011

Background  The aim of this study was to explore the use of actigraphy to investigate sleep problems in a convenience sample of clients of Dutch intellectual disability (ID) care providers. Based on data obtained in a large multi‐centre study on healthy ageing in people with ID, research questions were: ‘To what degree are actigraphic measurements successful in this population?’ and ‘What is the influence of different sensitivity settings of the Actiwatch Sleep Analysis software on the distribution of sleep variables in this group?’

Methods  Data were collected in a cross‐sectional descriptive study design. We included 563 participants, aged 50 years or older, with borderline to profound ID. Sleep‐wake data were measured continuously during 14 days and nights using the Actiwatch AW7. A complete measurement of at least 7 days and nights, including at least one weekend day, was considered successful. Objective variables of sleep were analysed using different sensitivity settings of the Actiwatch AW7 Sleep Analysis software.

Results  In 200 participants (35.5%), a successful measurement was obtained. Unsuccessful measurements were caused primarily by problems with wearing the device and incomplete information on bed time and get up time. Of 382 participants who started wearing the Actiwatch, 354 (92.3%) wore it for at least 7 days. Application of different sensitivity settings of the Sleep Analysis software resulted in clear differences of all sleep parameters.

Conclusions  Further research is needed into the validity of objective sleep parameters, as measured with the Actiwatch, for screening and epidemiological research in older people with ID. It needs to be investigated which sensitivity setting of the Actiwatch gives most valid results in this specific group, whereas reference data on sleep parameters and cut‐off values are to be obtained.
Validation of personal digital photography to assess dietary quality among people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Elinder L. S. , Brunosson A. , Bergström H. , Hagströmer M. , Patterson E.
Published: August 2011

Background  Dietary assessment is a challenge in general, and specifically in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). This study aimed to evaluate personal digital photography as a method of assessing different aspects of dietary quality in this target group.

Method  Eighteen adults with ID were recruited from community residences and activity centres in Stockholm County. Participants were instructed to photograph all foods and beverages consumed during 1 day, while observed. Photographs were coded by two raters. Observations and photographs of meal frequency, intake occasions of four specific food and beverage items, meal quality and dietary diversity were compared. Evaluation of inter‐rater reliability and validity of the method was performed by intra‐class correlation analysis.

Results  With reminders from staff, 85% of all observed eating or drinking occasions were photographed. The inter‐rater reliability was excellent for all assessed variables (ICC ≥ 0.88), except for meal quality where ICC was 0.66. The correlations between items assessed in photos and observations were strong to almost perfect with ICC values ranging from 0.71 to 0.92 and all were statistically significant.

Conclusion  Personal digital photography appears to be a feasible, reliable and valid method for assessing dietary quality in people with mild to moderate ID, who have daily staff support.
Characterization of the elongasome core PBP2 : MreC complex of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: El Ghachi Meriem , Matteï Pierre‐Jean , Ecobichon Chantal , Martins Alexandre , Hoos Sylviane , Schmitt Christine , Colland Frédéric , Ebel Christine , Prévost Marie‐Christine , Gabel Frank , England Patrick , Dessen Andréa , Boneca Ivo G.
Published: August 2011

The definition of bacterial cell shape is a complex process requiring the participation of multiple components of an intricate macromolecular machinery. We aimed at characterizing the determinants involved in cell shape of the helical bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Using a yeast two‐hybrid screen with the key cell elongation protein PBP2 as bait, we identified an interaction between PBP2 and MreC. The minimal region of MreC required for this interaction ranges from amino acids 116 to 226. Using recombinant proteins, we showed by affinity and size exclusion chromatographies and surface plasmon resonance that PBP2 and MreC form a stable complex. In vivo, the two proteins display a similar spatial localization and their complex has an apparent 1:1 stoichiometry; these results were confirmed in vitro by analytical ultracentrifugation and chemical cross‐linking. Small angle X‐ray scattering analyses of the PBP2 : MreC complex suggest that MreC interacts directly with the C‐terminal region of PBP2. Depletion of either PBP2 or MreC leads to transition into spherical cells that lose viability. Finally, the specific expression in trans of the minimal interacting domain of MreC with PBP2 in the periplasmic space leads to cell rounding, suggesting that the PBP2/MreC complex formation in vivo is essential for cell morphology.
Epidermoid cyst involving the medial temporal lobe: Surgical pathologic features of the epileptogenic lesion
Authors: Hiraishi Tetsuya , Oishi Makoto , Kitaura Hiroki , Ryufuku Masae , Fu Yong‐Juan , Fukuda Masafumi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Fujii Yukihiko , Kakita Akiyoshi
Published: August 2011

Epidermoid cysts in the middle fossa are rare and may involve the temporal lobe and lateral ventricle. Affected patients often suffer from seizures, but the pathomechanisms underlying the epileptogenic lesions have remained unclear. Here we report the surgical pathological features of the hippocampus in a 31‐year‐old woman with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), in whom an epidermoid cyst involving the right basal cistern and inferior horn of the lateral ventricle was evident. The ictal electrocorticogram indicated seizure onset at the parahippocampal gyrus. An anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy were performed. Histologically, the hippocampus showed marked atrophy with severe loss of pyramidal neurons in the cornu Ammonis subfields and granule cell loss in the dentate gyrus. At the ventricular surface of the hippocampus, there were small granulomatous lesions with spicularly anchored keratin substance. These features indicated multiple and chronic stab wounds by the cyst contents and consequent local inflammatory responses within the parenchyma. The predisposition to adhesion between the tumor and hippocampus may have caused neurons to develop abnormal irritability to certain chemical mediators present in the cyst. Epileptogenicity involving the atrophic hippocampus and medial temporal lobes nearby may have developed in association with these processes. This case appears to provide information that is useful for surgical planning in patients with mTLE and epidermoid cysts involving the medial temporal lobe.
Histology as a treatment effect modifier in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: STANDFIELD LACHLAN , WESTON ADÈLE R. , BARRACLOUGH HELEN , VAN KOOTEN MAXIMILIANO , PAVLAKIS NICK
Published: August 2011

Background and objective:  We conducted a systematic review of prospective, randomized, controlled trials (RCT) to examine whether histology had a treatment modifying effect (TME) on the efficacy outcomes of chemotherapeutic agents in patients with advanced (stage IIIB‐IV) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:  Potentially pertinent publications were reviewed in full to determine if there was any TME by histology for overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS) or treatment response rate (TRR).

Results:  Data from three pemetrexed RCT, comparing (i) pemetrexed versus docetaxel, (ii) pemetrexed and cisplatin versus gemcitabine and cisplatin, and (iii) pemetrexed versus placebo, showed a statistically significant TME by histology for OS and PFS. One trial comparing pemetrexed and carboplatin versus gemcitabine and carboplatin found no significant associations between histology and OS. The results of this systematic review indicate that pemetrexed appears to have the most consistent treatment‐by‐histology interaction effect on the efficacy outcomes of chemotherapeutic agents in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Patients with non‐squamous histology gain the greatest benefit from treatment with pemetrexed. Conversely, patients with squamous cell disease appeared to experience poorer OS when pemetrexed was compared with other active treatments, and similar OS when compared with placebo. Reproducible patterns of TME effect by histology with other chemotherapeutic agents are less clear.

Conclusions:  We consider that the historical approach to treating all NSCLC patients with the same chemotherapy regimen is now no longer acceptable.
Burden of obstructive lung disease in a rural setting in the Philippines
Authors: IDOLOR LUISITO F. , DE GUIA TERESITA S. , FRANCISCO NORBERTO A. , ROA CAMILO C. , AYUYAO FERNANDO G. , TADY CECIL Z. , TAN DANIEL T. , BANAL‐YANG SYLVIA , BALANAG JR VINCENT M. , REYES MARIA TERESITA N. , DANTES RENATO B.
Published: August 2011

Background and objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with COPD in a rural setting in the Philippines.

Methods:  The study was conducted in two municipalities in Nueva Ecija province in the Philippines. Using the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) protocol and study design, non‐hospitalized men or women, aged 40 years or older, were recruited by multi‐stage random sampling procedures. Participants completed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and exposure to potential risk factors for COPD, including smoking, occupation and exposure to burning of biomass fuel. Spirometry was performed according to American Thoracic Society criteria.

Results:  Of the 1188 individuals selected for recruitment, 722 had acceptable post‐bronchodilator spirometry and were classified according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage. The overall prevalence of COPD for all stages was 20.8%. The prevalence of COPD at GOLD Stage I or higher was greater in men compared with women (26.5% vs 15.3%), and increased between the ages of 40 to >70 years. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between all stages of COPD and farming for >40 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43–4.30), use of firewood for cooking for >60 years (OR 3.48, 95% CI: 1.57–7.71), a smoking history of ≥20 pack‐years (OR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.78–4.60), and a history of tuberculosis (OR 6.31, 95% CI: 2.67–15.0).

Conclusions:  The prevalence COPD in a rural community in Nueva Ecija, Philippines was 20.8% for GOLD Stage I or higher, and 16.7% for GOLD Stage II or higher. In addition to smoking history, the use of firewood for cooking, working on a farm and a history of tuberculosis were significantly associated with fixed airflow obstruction, as assessed by spirometry.
Failure mode of laser welds in lap‐shear specimens of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel sheets
Authors: ASIM K. , LEE J. , PAN J.
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the failure mode of laser welds in lap‐shear specimens of non‐galvanized SAE J2340 300Y high strength low alloy steel sheets under quasi‐static loading conditions is examined based on experimental observations and finite element analyses. Laser welded lap‐shear specimens with reduced cross sections were made. Optical micrographs of the cross sections of the welds in the specimens before and after tests are examined to understand the microstructure and failure mode of the welds. Micro‐hardness tests were also conducted to provide an assessment of the mechanical properties in the base metal, heat‐affected and fusion zones. The micrographs indicate that the weld failure appears to be initiated from the base metal near the boundary of the base metal and the heat‐affected zone at a distance away from the pre‐existing crack tip, and the specimens fail due to the necking/shear of the lower left load carrying sheets. Finite element analyses based on non‐homogenous multi‐zone material models were conducted to model the ductile necking/shear failure and to obtain the J integral solutions for the pre‐existing cracks. The results of the finite element analyses are used to explain the ductile failure initiation sites and the necking/shear of the lower left load carrying sheets. The J integral solutions obtained from the finite element analyses based on the 3‐zone finite element model indicate that the J integral for the pre‐existing cracks at the failure loads are low compared to the fracture toughness and the specimens should fail in a plastic collapse or necking/shear mode. The effects of the sheet thickness on the failure mode were then investigated for laser welds with a fixed ratio of the weld width to the thickness. For the given non‐homogenous material model, the J integral solutions appear to be scaled by the sheet thickness. With consideration of the plastic collapse failure mode and fracture initiation failure mode, a critical thickness can be obtained for the transition of the plastic collapse or necking/shear failure mode to the fracture initiation failure mode. Finally, the failure load is expressed as a function of the sheet thickness according to the governing equations based on the two failure modes. The results demonstrate that the failure mode of welds of thin sheets depends on the sheet thickness, ductility of the base metal and fracture toughness of the heat‐affected zone. Therefore, failure criteria based on either the plastic collapse failure mode or the fracture initiation failure mode should be used cautiously for welds of thin sheets.
Are children with Angelman syndrome at high risk for anesthetic complications?
Authors: Landsman Ira S. , Mitzel Heather M. , Peters Sarika U. , Bichell Terry J.
Published: August 2011

Objectives/Aims:  To review seven children with Angelman syndrome (AS) undergoing 16 general anesthetics for both invasive and noninvasive procedures to determine if these children are at greater risk for anesthetic‐related complications than the general population.

Background:  Children with AS may exhibit unpredictable responses to GABA agonists because of abnormal GABA receptors. These abnormal receptors may affect AS patients' responses to sedation and general anesthesia.

Methods:  The study design was a retrospective chart review of seven patients with AS who underwent a total of 16 general anesthetics for a variety of invasive and noninvasive procedures between the years 4/25/2005 and 12/31/2010. We reviewed the preoperative orders, anesthesia record and PACU records for preoperative medication orders and intraoperative and PACU adverse events.

Results:  We could not find documentation of complications attributed to the delivery of general anesthesia regardless of chromosomal defect, the use of GABA activating drugs, or a history of seizures. Six patients received a propofol‐based anesthetic while 10 patients received potent inhalation agent for anesthetic maintenance. There were no statistical differences between the PACU lengths of stay (LOS) for AS patients as compared to the average PACU LOS for the 60 969 postprocedure patients cared for between 1/1/06 through 12/31/10.

Conclusions:  We found no data to suggest that these patients demonstrate exaggerated responses to GABA stimulating drugs. In fact, it appears that regardless of the anesthetic agent, the perioperative course was unremarkable.
Short‐term outcome following elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection in octogenarians and nonagenarians
Authors: Chaudhary B. N. , Shabbir J. , Griffith J. P. , Parvaiz A. , Greenslade G. L. , Dixon A. R.
Published: August 2011

Aim  The 30‐day outcome after laparoscopic resection for cancer in patients over the age of 80 years was studied.

Method  An electronic database was used to identify patients over 80 years who underwent laparoscopic bowel resection between December 2000 and October 2009 at three UK laparoscopic colorectal training units. Patients who required abdominoperineal excision of the rectum were excluded.

Results  In all, 173 patients (80 men) of median age 84 (80–93) years were identified. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades were ASA 1, 14; ASA 2, 87; ASA 3, 68; and ASA 4, 4. Median body mass index was 26 (14–45) kg/m2. Thirteen (7.5%) patients were converted to open surgery. The major causes for conversion were bleeding and adhesions. Thirty‐three major complications occurred in 21 (12%) patients. Ten (5.8%) required readmission after discharge for complications giving a total of 17.8% of patients with complications. The median hospital stay was 5 (1–37) days. Three (1.7%) patients died within 30 days of surgery.

Conclusion  This study confirms that laparoscopic large bowel resection is safe and beneficial in a population over 80 years. It has low morbidity and mortality and a shortened hospital stay. Octogenarians should not be denied major laparoscopic bowel surgery based on age alone.
Pricing the revolution: Financial analysts respond to the Egyptian uprising (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)
Authors: Leins Stefan
Published: August 2011

On 25 January 2011, thousands of Egyptians gathered to raise their voices against their country's long‐standing president, Hosni Mubarak. I received the news as I was conducting fieldwork in a research department of an international bank based in Zurich. Here, I document how Egypt's revolution was perceived, discussed and interpreted within this research department. I argue that the process of ‘pricing the revolution’ that took place may be understood as an ongoing interaction among participants in financial markets and that, given this, it should be understood as a social process, rather than an economic one.
#spanishrevolution (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)
Authors: Jiménez Alberto Corsín , Estalella Adolfo
Published: August 2011

The article reports on the street protests that took over Spanish cities earlier in May and June. The protests have been explained as a response on the part of new media democratic networks to the governance of the economic crises by corrupt political and financial classes. We offer here a tentative chronology of the events, and essay instead an argument about a revitalised municipalist tradition, that sees in the plaza the centrepiece of new forms of do‐it‐yourself political action.
R.I.P. Paul the Octopus http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)
Authors: Volk Lucia
Published: August 2011

During the 2010 football World Cup, Paul the Octopus became a global celebrity. From his aquarium tank in Oberhausen, Germany, he predicted with 100% accuracy the outcome of eight World Cup matches in a row. In acknowledgement of his striking achievement, German aquarium authorities built Paul the first‐ever octopus memorial after his death. Curiously, Paul's popularity crossed over into countries that are not known footballing nations. One possible explanation for this is that his uncanny knowledge of the outcome of future events resonated with an audience sensitive to the uncertainties and risks of high modernity. Another explanation draws on Michael Jackson's work among diviners in Sierra Leone. I argue that Paul's prophecies created ‘fields of relationship’ that transcended national as well as ethnic divides, both within Germany and globally.
The probability distribution for a biased spinner
Authors: Foster Colin
Published: August 2011

This article advocates biased spinners as an engaging context for statistics students. Calculating the probability of a biased spinner landing on a particular side makes valuable connections between probability and other areas of mathematics.
Facing a breakup: Electromyographic responses moderate self‐concept recovery following a romantic separation
Authors: MASON ASHLEY E. , LAW RITA W. , BRYAN AMANDA E. B. , PORTLEY ROBERT M. , SBARRA DAVID A.
Published: August 2011

Romantic breakups arouse fundamental questions about the self:Who am I without my partner?This study examined self‐concept reorganization and psychological well‐being over an 8‐week period in the months following a breakup. Multilevel analyses revealed that poorer self‐concept recovery preceded poorer well‐being and was associated with love for an ex‐partner, suggesting that failure to redefine the self contributes to post‐breakup distress. Psychophysiological data revealed that greater activity in the corrugator supercilia facial muscle while thinking about an ex‐partner predicted poorer self‐concept recovery and strengthened the negative association between love for an ex‐partner and self‐concept recovery. Thus, the interaction between self‐report and psychophysiological data provided information about the importance of self‐concept recovery to post‐breakup adjustment not tapped by either method alone.
Mother–child attachment, emotion regulation, and anxiety symptoms in middle childhood
Authors: BRUMARIU LAURA E. , KERNS KATHRYN A. , SEIBERT ASHLEY
Published: August 2011

This study examined whether the relation of mother–child attachment with anxiety symptoms is mediated by emotion regulation (ER) processes (poor emotional awareness, biased interpretations of emotionally charged events, and coping strategies). Attachment patterns were assessed in a sample of eighty‐seven 10‐ to 12‐year‐olds using story‐stem interviews. Children who were less secure and more disorganized reported more anxiety. Attachment was also related to ER; security was associated with less difficulty identifying emotions, and disorganization was associated with more catastrophizing interpretations and less active coping. Anxiety symptoms were related to all three ER processes. Finally, relations of security or disorganization with anxiety symptoms were partially mediated by ER processes.
Exit, Voice, and Cyclicality: A Micrologic of Midterm Effects in European Parliament Elections
Authors: Weber Till
Published: August 2011

Very few theories of democratic elections can claim to overarch the field. One of them that has not been given due regard, I suggest, is Albert Hirschman's Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. I aim to exploit the integrative capacity of this general framework in a model of typical “midterm” effects occurring through the electoral cycle. The model unites such diverse phenomena as antigovernment swings, declining turnout, protest voting, conversion, and alienation. An empirical test with comparative survey data from elections to the European Parliament reveals that the role of strategic voting in the form of voice is limited. Instead, processes of de‐ and realignment in the form of exit dominate a picture of European Parliament elections beyond the widespread conception of “second‐order” irrelevance. More generally, the “cyclical” view on voting behavior suggests systematic links between short‐run midterm effects and long‐run electoral change.
Anticoagulant Therapy and Risk of Cerebrovascular Events After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly
Authors: GUIOT AURELIE , JONGNARANGSIN KRIT , CHUGH AMAN , SUWANAGOOL ARISARA , LATCHAMSETTY RAKESH , MYLES JAMES D. , JIANG QINGMEI , CRAWFORD THOMAS , GOOD ERIC , PELOSI JR FRANK , BOGUN FRANK , MORADY FRED , ORAL HAKAN
Published: August 2011

Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. Introduction: Factors associated with cerebrovascular events (CVEs) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been well defined in elderly patients (≥65 years). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of CVEs after RFA in patients with AF ≥65 years old, in comparison to patients <65 years, and with or without AF.

Methods and Results:
This study included 508 consecutive patients ≥65 years old (mean age: 70 ± 4 years), who underwent RFA for paroxysmal (297) or persistent (211) AF. A stratified group of 508 patients < 65 years old who underwent RFA for AF served as a control group. All patients were anticoagulated with warfarin for ≥3 months after RFA. A perioperative CVE (≤4 weeks after RFA) occurred in 0.8% and 1% of patients ≥65 and <65 years old, respectively (P = 1). Among the patients ≥65 years old who remained in sinus rhythm after RFA, warfarin was discontinued in 60% and 56% of the patients with a CHADS2 score of 0 and ≥1, respectively. Paroxysmal AF, no history of CVE, and successful RFA were independent predictors of discontinuing warfarin. During a mean follow‐up of 3 ± 2 years, a late CVE (>4 weeks after the RFA) occurred in 15 of 508 (3%) of patients ≥65 years old (1% per year) and in 5 of 508 (1%) patients <65 years old (0.3% per year, P = 0.03). Among patients ≥65 years old, age >75 years old (OR = 4.9, ±95% CI: 3.3–148.5, P = 0.001) was the only independent predictor of a CVE. Among patients <65 years old, body mass index was the only independent predictor of a late CVE (OR = 1.2, ±95% CI: 1.03–1.33, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
The risk of a periprocedural CVE after RFA of AF is similar among patients ≥65 and <65 years old. Late CVEs after RFA are more prevalent in older than younger patients with AF, and age >75 years old is the only independent predictor of late CVEs regardless of the rhythm, anticoagulation status, or the CHADS2 score (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥ 75 years, Diabetes mellitus and prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack). (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 36‐43, January 2012)
Salermide up‐regulates death receptor 5 expression through the ATF4‐ATF3‐CHOP axis and leads to apoptosis in human cancer cells
Authors: Liu Guangbo , Su Ling , Hao Xuexi , Zhong Ning , Zhong Diansheng , Singhal Sunil , Liu Xiangguo
Published: August 2011

Sirtuins (a class III histone deacetylase) have emerged as novel targets for cancer therapy. Salermide, a reverse amide compound that inhibits Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), has been shown to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. The mechanism underlying cellular apoptotic signalling by salermide remains unclear. In this study, we show that salermide up‐regulates the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) in human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Blocking DR5 expression by gene silencing technology results in a decrease in activated forms of several pro‐apoptotic proteins (caspase‐8, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, PARP). Increasing DR5 protein expression correlates with salermide‐induced apoptosis in human NSCLC cells. We discovered that IRE‐1α, Bip, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF4), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) are induced by salermide, which suggests that DR5‐dependent apoptosis is induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, knockdown of Sirt1 and Sirt2 expression resulted in up‐regulation of ATF4, CHOP and DR5. Transfected NSCLC cells with ATF4, ATF3 or CHOP siRNA results in a decline in pro‐apoptotic proteins (such as caspase‐8, caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and PARP) despite salermide treatment. We demonstrate that salermide induces expression of ATF4, and ATF4 up‐regulates ATF3 and subsequently modulates CHOP. This suggests that DR5 is modulated by the ATF4‐ATF3‐CHOP axis in NSCLC after Sirt1/2 inhibition or salermide treatment. This study highlights the importance of DR5 up‐regulation in apoptosis induced by Sirt1/2 inhibition and elucidates the underlying mechanism in human NSCLC cells.
Isoform‐Specific Localization of the Deubiquitinase USP33 to the Golgi Apparatus
Authors: Thorne Christopher , Eccles Rebecca L. , Coulson Judy M. , Urbé Sylvie , Clague Michael J.
Published: August 2011

Ubiquitin‐specific protease 33 (USP33) is a deubiquitinase that has been associated with a variety of physiological events. Here, we show the existence of multiple USP33 splice variants and characterize the sub‐cellular localization of endogenous USP33 as well as GFP‐USP33 isoforms 1–3. The localization of USP33 is broadly confined to the secretory pathway, with all variants localizing to endoplasmic reticulum‐associated structures. In addition, GFP‐USP33 variant 3 shows a marked accumulation at the Golgi apparatus. Several deubiquitinases have large insertions within their otherwise highly conserved catalytic domains, the function of which is poorly characterized. Analysis of USP33 reveals a role for two distinct inserts within the catalytic domain. One is required for association with the endoplasmic reticulum, whilst the second is required for membrane association, but can be alternatively spliced (variant 3) to excise eight amino acids, which otherwise suppress Golgi localization. We propose that varying the expression of differentially localized isoforms provides a means to influence the spectrum of substrates encountered by USP33.
Traits and growth of liana regeneration in primary and secondary forests of Central Amazonia
Authors: Roeder Mareike , Hölscher Dirk , Kossmann‐Ferraz Isolde D.
Published: August 2011

Question: Do traits of liana regeneration differ among secondary forest types of varying land‐use history and primary forest?

Location: Eighty kilometers north of Manaus, Brazil.

Methods: We compared plant functional traits and growth rates of liana regeneration (<1.7‐m length) among two secondary forest types and primary forest. Secondary forest types were: Vismia (on land formerly clear‐cut, used for pasture and intensively burned) and Cecropia (no pasture usage or intensive fires after clear‐cut).

Results: A principal components analysis indicated that most of the primary forest species exhibited a similar habit and were characterized by short shoots and small, round leaves with low specific leaf area, whereas secondary forest species had a broad range of trait values. At the plot level, primary and secondary forest communities were separated mainly by plant length and leaf size. Plant size varied more within secondary than within primary forest plots. The two secondary forest types could not be separated based on the traits of liana regeneration. Relative growth rate (RGR) did not correlate significantly with any measured plant trait, except for a negative relation to initial length. RGR increased with decreasing canopy cover and was highest in Vismia forest plots.

Conclusion: Plant functional traits of liana regeneration were more similar in the primary forest and differed substantially from secondary forests, yet canopy cover only partly explained the observed differences.
Health status and functional profile at admission of nursing home residents in Iceland over 11‐year period
Authors: Hjaltadóttir Ingibjörg , Hallberg Ingalill R. , Ekwall Anna K. , Nyberg Per
Published: August 2011

hjaltadóttir i., hallberg i.r., ekwall a.k. & nyberg p. (2011) Health status and functional profile at admission of nursing home residents in Iceland over 11‐year period. International Journal of Older People Nursing7, 177–187  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2011.00287.x

Background.  The knowledge over time of the health status and changes in care needs of newly admitted nursing home residents is limited.

Objectives.  To investigate trends in residents’ health status and functional profile at admission to nursing homes and compare rural and capital areas in Iceland over an 11‐year period.

Design.  Retrospective analysis of nursing home data over 11 years (1996–2006).

Participants.  Residents, who had been assessed with the Minimum Data Set assessment within 90 days from admittance (n = 2206).

Method.  Non‐parametric tests for descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used to analyse time trends.

Results.  The mean age ranged from 80.1 to 82.8, and women accounted for 52.7% to 67.1%. The level of independency indicated intact cognitive performance in 28.6–61.4% and in 42.5–68% in activities of daily living performance. A weak, but significant, linear trend was seen in residents’ health becoming less stable, their cognitive performance improving, more pain being reported and greater participation in social activities over the 11 years.

Conclusion.  Some residents might have stayed at home longer had they been given appropriate home care and the opportunity of rehabilitation. Pain management and social activities are areas where more staff knowledge seems to be needed.

Implications for practice.  Resources to enable old people to remain at home need to be explored before their entry into nursing homes. Whereas providing services at the appropriate level is important for society as well as older people.
Inhibitory Effects of Glycoprotein Isolated from Laminaria japonica on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Pro‐Inflammatory Mediators in BV2 Microglial Cells
Authors: Park Hye‐Young , Han Min‐Ho , Kim Gi‐Young , Kim Nam Deuk , Nam Taek‐Jeong , Choi Yung Hyun
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Chronic microglial activation endangers neuronal survival through release of various toxic pro‐inflammatory molecules; therefore, negative regulators of microglial activation have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for use in treatment of many neurological diseases. In this study, we conducted an investigation of the inhibitory effects of glycoprotein isolated from Laminaria japonica (LJGP) on production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pro‐inflammatory mediators in BV2 microglial cells. Data from the study indicated that treatment with LJGP resulted in significant inhibition of excessive production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in LPS‐stimulated BV2 cells. LJGP also attenuated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α. In addition, LJGP exhibited anti‐inflammatory properties by suppression of nuclear factor‐kappaB activation and downregulation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and Akt pathways. These findings suggest LJGP may provide neuroprotection through suppression of the proinflammatory pathway in activated microglia.
Proximate Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera)
Authors: Nguyen Van Tang , Ueng Jinn‐Pyng , Tsai Guo‐Jane
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  The proximate composition of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera) from culture ponds in Penghu, Taiwan was analyzed. The phenolic content and the antioxidant activities including the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric ion‐reducing activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activity of the ethanolic extracts of dry seagrape samples using 2 drying methods of freeze drying and thermal drying were compared with the ethanolic extract of Oolong tea as a reference. The contents (dry weight basis) of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, and ash of seagrape obtained from culture ponds in Taiwan were 64.00%, 9.26%, 1.57%, 2.97%, and 22.20%, respectively. The total phenolic content (1.30 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g dry weight) of the ethanolic extract of thermally dried seagrape was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that (2.04 mg GAE/g dry weight) of freeze‐dried seagrape, and both were significantly lower than that (13.58 mg GAE/g dry weight) of Oolong tea. At the same phenolic content, the antioxidant activities of freeze‐dried seagrape were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of thermally dried seagrape. Compared with Oolong tea, seagrape, irrespective of drying method used, generally had strong hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity; but it was weak in DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric ion‐reducing activity, and FIC activity. The antioxidant activity of seagrape and Oolong tea was significantly influenced by their phenolic contents.

Practical Application:  The proximate composition, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera) in Taiwan were determined in this research to indicate nutritionally of this edible seaweed to human health, and compared these results to previous studies.
Egg Yolk Phosvitin and Functional Phosphopeptides—Review
Authors: Samaraweera Himali , Zhang Wan‐gang , Lee Eun Joo , Ahn Dong U
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Phosphopeptides are among the most interesting biomolecules with characteristic molecular structure and functions. They usually contain clusters of phosphoserines, which can effectively bind calcium and iron, and inhibit formation of insoluble calcium phosphates or iron complexes. Therefore, phosphopeptides can increase calcium or iron bioavailability and prevent lipid oxidation in foods. Milk protein casein has been currently used by industry to produce phosphopeptides. Egg yolk phosvitin is considered as the most phosphorylated protein found in the nature. Phosvitin from egg yolk can be much better source for producing phosphopeptides with varying sizes and functions than casein because it contains much greater number of phosphates in the molecule than casein. However, still phosvitin has not been subjected to considerable attention with regard to bioactive peptides production.
Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus fermentum Te007, Pediococcus pentosaceus Te010, Lactobacillus pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 on Selected Foods
Authors: Muhialdin Belal J. , Hassan Zaiton , Sadon Sajaa Kh.
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  In the search for new preservatives from natural resources to replace or to reduce the use of chemical preservatives 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected to be evaluated for their antifungal activity on selected foods. The supernatants of the selected strains delayed the growth of fungi for 23 to 40 d at 4 °C and 5 to 6 d at 20 and 30 °C in tomato puree, 19 to 29 d at 4 °C and 6 to 12 d at 20 and 30 °C in processed cheese, and 27 to 30 d at 4 °C and 12 to 24 d at 20 and 30 °C in commercial bread. The shelf life of bread with added LAB cells or their supernatants were longer than normal bread. This study demonstrates that Lactobacillus fermentum Te007, Pediococcus pentosaceus Te010, L. pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 either the cells or their supernatants could be used as biopreservative in bakery products and other processed foods.

Practical Application:  The heat stability nature of the antifungal compounds produced by the LAB isolates offers a promising application of L. fermentum Te007, P. pentosaceus Te010, L. pentosus G004, and L. paracasi D5 as biopreservative in bakery products or other processed foods to replace or reduce the use of chemical preservatives.
Additive Effect of Homocysteine‐ and Cholesterol‐Lowering Therapy on Endothelium‐Dependent Vasodilation in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wustmann Kerstin , Klaey Marco , Burow Annika , Shaw Sidney G. , Hess Otto M. , Allemann Yves
Published: August 2011

Aim: Endothelial dysfunction is a marker for development and progression of atherosclerosis. Statin therapy improves endothelial function in cardiovascular patients by reducing LDL‐cholesterol and by pleiotropic effects. B‐group vitamin supplementation restores endothelial function mainly by reducing homocysteine‐induced oxidative stress. Thus, we evaluated the effect of rosuvastatin, B‐group vitamins and their combination on endothelial function in high‐risk cardiovascular patients. Methods: Thirty‐six patients with cardiovascular disease were randomly, double‐blinded assigned to either rosuvastatin 10 mg (group R, n = 18) or vitamin supplementation consisting of folic acid 1 mg, vitamin B12 0.4 mg, and B6 10 mg (group V, n = 18) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks all patients received rosuvastatin and vitamin supplementation in combination for additional 6 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed by flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) at baseline and after 6‐ and 12‐week treatment. Results: At baseline, FMD, plasma lipids, vitamins, and homocysteine were comparable between both groups. After 6 weeks, FMD improved in both groups (from 4.4 ± 1.6 to 6.9 ± 1.4% group R, P= 0.0004 and from 4.9 ± 1.8 to 6.4 ± 1.8% group V, P= 0.0002). This improvement in FMD was mainly associated with a decrease of plasma lipids in group R and a decrease of homocysteine in group V. After 12 weeks, the combined therapy with rosuvastatin and vitamins further improved FMD to the normal range in 26/33 patients compared to 5/36 at baseline (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, both treatments, rosuvastatin and B‐group vitamin supplementation, improved endothelial function in high‐risk cardiovascular patients. The combination of both therapies had an additive effect on endothelial function suggesting different mechanisms of action.
Trimetazidine Reduces Endogenous Free Fatty Acid Oxidation and Improves Myocardial Efficiency in Obese Humans
Authors: Bucci Marco , Borra Ronald , Någren Kjell , Pärkkä Jussi P. , Del Ry Silvia , Maggio Romina , Tuunanen Helena , Viljanen Tapio , Cabiati Manuela , Rigazio Sara , Taittonen Markku , Pagotto Uberto , Parkkola Riitta , Opie Lionel H. , Nuutila Pirjo , Knuuti Juhani , Iozzo Patricia
Published: August 2011

Introduction: The metabolic modulator trimetazidine (TMZ) has been suggested to induce a metabolic shift from myocardial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to glucose utilization, but this mechanism remains unproven in humans. The oxidation of plasma derived FA is commonly measured in humans, whereas the contribution of FA from triglycerides stored in the myocardium has been poorly characterized. Aims: To verify the hypothesis that TMZ induces a metabolic shift, we combined positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to measure myocardial FAO from plasma and intracellular lipids, and myocardial glucose metabolism. Nine obese subjects were studied before and after 1 month of TMZ treatment. Myocardial glucose and FA metabolism were assessed by PET with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C‐palmitate. 1H‐MRS was used to measure myocardial lipids, the latter being integrated into the PET data analysis to quantify myocardial triglyceride turnover. Results: Myocardial FAO derived from intracellular lipids was at least equal to that of plasma FAs (P= NS). BMI and cardiac work were positively associated with the oxidation of plasma derived FA (P≤ 0.01). TMZ halved total and triglyceride‐derived myocardial FAO (32.7 ± 8.0 to 19.6 ± 4.0 μmol/min and 23.7 ± 7.5 to 10.3 ± 2.7 μmol/min, respectively; P≤ 0.05). These changes were accompanied by increased cardiac efficiency since unchanged LV work (1.6 ± 0.2 to 1.6 ± 0.1 Watt/g × 102, NS) was associated with decreased work energy from the intramyocardial triglyceride oxidation (1.6 ± 0.5 to 0.4 ± 0.1 Watt/g × 102, P= 0.036). Conclusions: In obese subjects, we demonstrate that myocardial intracellular triglyceride oxidation significantly provides FA‐derived energy for mechanical work. TMZ reduced the oxidation of triglyceride‐derived myocardial FAs improving myocardial efficiency.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Room-Temperature Finned-Tube Evaporator for Cryogenic Nitrogen
Authors: Lee Shun Ching , Chen Tzu-Min
Published: August 2011

The behavior of cryogenic nitrogen in a room-temperature evaporator six meters long is analyzed. Trapezoid fins are employed to enhance the heat flux supplied by the environment. The steady-state governing equations specified by the mixed parameters are derived from the conservations of momentum and energy. The initial value problem is solved by space integration. The fixed ambient conditions are confirmed by way of the meltback effect. An integrated model is utilized to analyze the convective effect of two-phase flow, which dominates the evaporation behavior. Another integrated model is employed to determine the total heat flux from the environment to the wet surface of the evaporator. The foundation of the formation of an ice layer surrounding the evaporator is presented. If the fin height is shorter than 0.5 m, the whole evaporator is surrounded by ice layer. If the fin height is longer than 0.5 m, the total pressure drop of nitrogen in the tube is negligible. The outlet temperature is always within the range between −12 °C and 16 °C for the evaporator with the fin height of 1.0 m. For the evaporator with dry surface, the nitrogen has the outlet temperature less than the ambient temperature at least by 5 °C.
SUBFACTORS OF INDEX LESS THAN 5, PART 2: TRIPLE POINTS
Authors: MORRISON SCOTT , PENNEYS DAVID , PETERS EMILY , SNYDER NOAH
Published: August 2011

We summarize the known obstructions to subfactors with principal graphs which begin with a triple point. One is based on Jones's quadratic tangles techniques, although we apply it in a novel way. The other two are based on connections techniques; one due to Ocneanu, and the other previously unpublished, although likely known to Haagerup.

We then apply these obstructions to the classification of subfactors with index below 5. In particular, we eliminate three of the five families of possible principal graphs called "weeds" in the classification from S. Morrison and N. Snyder, Subfactors of index less than 5, part 1: the principal graph odometer, to appear in Comm. Math. Phys.
FUNCTIONAL RENORMALIZATION OF NONCOMMUTATIVE SCALAR FIELD THEORY
Authors: SFONDRINI ALESSANDRO , KOSLOWSKI TIM A.
Published: August 2011

In this paper we apply the Functional Renormalization Group Equation (FRGE) to the noncommutative scalar field theory proposed by Grosse and Wulkenhaar. We derive the flow equation in the matrix representation and discuss the theory space for the self-dual model. The features introduced by the external dimensionful scale provided by the noncommutativity parameter, originally pointed out in R. Gurau and O. J. Rosten, J. High Energy Phys.0907, 064 (2009), are discussed in the FRGE context. Using a technical assumption, but without resorting to any truncation, it is then shown that the theory is asymptotically safe for suitably small values of the ϕ4coupling, recovering the result of M. Disertori et al., Phys. Lett. B649, 95 (2007). Finally, we show how the FRGE can be easily used to compute the one-loop beta-functions of the duality covariant model.
DYNNIKOV COORDINATES ON VIRTUAL BRAID GROUPS
Authors: BARDAKOV VALERIY G. , VESNIN ANDREI YU. , WIEST BERT
Published: August 2011

We define Dynnikov coordinates on virtual braid groups. We prove that they are faithful invariants of virtual 2-braids, and present evidence that they are also very powerful invariants for general virtual braids.
The approach to the direct interpretation of 13C NMR of heteroleptic triple-decker (porphyrinato)(phthalocyaninato) lanthanum(III) without carbon labeling
Authors: Birin Kirill P. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: August 2011

A complete assignment of 13C NMR resonance peaks in the spectrum of heteroleptic triple-decker (porphyrinato)(phthalocyaninato) lanthanum of type [Br4TPP]La[(15C5)4Pc]La[Br4TPP] ( Br4TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-bromophenyl)-porphyrinato-ligand, (15C5)4Pc = tetrakis-(15-crown-5)-phthalocyaninato-ligand) is performed. Application of set of gradient-enhanced homonuclear 1H-1H-correlation techniques (COSY and NOESY) allowed the unambiguous interpretation of proton spectrum of the complex. Application of INEPT polarization transfer technique allowed to separate quaternary carbon resonances from proton-bound carbon ones. Gradient-enhanced proton-detected HMQC and HMBC techniques allowed to correlate all the resonances in 13C-spectrum.
Metabolic Complications and Increased Cardiovascular Risks as a Result of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shastri Bhavin R. , Yaturu Subhashini
Published: August 2011

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Charles Huggins and Clarence V. Hodges reported the androgen dependence of prostate cancer in 1941. That led to the utilization of androgen deprivation therapy as an important therapeutic modality to treat prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy has additional systemic effects that include sexual dysfunction, psychological changes and more important are the metabolic changes. Metabolic changes in particular include insulin resistance, increase fat mass and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and induce type 2 diabetes. In this review we will focus on the cardiovascular risk associated with androgen deprivation therapy that includes the mechanisms involved.