bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sleep Disturbances on the Quality of Life Among Schizophrenic Out-patients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dule Aman , Mohammedhussein Mustefa , Hajure Mohammedamin
Published: December 2020

Aim:

Current study was aimed to assess the impacts of sleep disturbances on patient’s quality of life.

Background:

Schizophrenia is a syndrome, which affects sleep. Up to 80% of schizophrenic patients complain of sleep disturbances which affect the quality of life

Objectives:

To assess the association of sleep disturbances and quality of life and other contributing factors among schizophrenic patients on follow-up treatment at Jimma University Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling of 411 out-patients at Jimma University medical center was employed from April 21-June 20, 2019. Sleep disturbances and the quality of life were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23.0 software was used. Chi-square and independent samples t-test were used for association and P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.

Results:

Most participants had sleep disturbances and the mean score of positive scale on PANSS was higher for patients with sleep disturbances. About one-fourth of the patients had very good subjective sleep quality and > 85% of sleep efficiency was reported by 139 participants. More than half (51.1%) of the subjects had used sleep medication and the majority (64.7%) of them were reported daytime dysfunctions in the past month. The social domain (M±SD=3.92±2.51, t=8.46, p= <0.001, eta2=0.15) and overall WHOQOL (M±SD=57.60±16.87, t=9.24, p= < 0.001, eta2= 0.17) score had a large difference of means and about 15% and 17% of the variance in sleep disturbance have been explained.

Conclusion:

Generally, the finding of the current study was in agreement with most of the previous studies and sleep disturbances respectively moderate to significant effects on the patient’s quality of life.
Evaluation of miR-122 Serum Level and IFN-λ3 Genotypes in Patients with Chronic HCV and HCV-Infected Liver Transplant Candidate
Authors: Moayedi Javad , Hashempour Tayebeh , Musavi Zahra , Arefian Ehsan , Naderi Mahmood , Heidari Mohamad Reza , Dehghani Behzad , Hasanshahi Zahra , Merat Shahin
Published: December 2020

Background:

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
are the most common markers of liver damage, but serum level interpretation can be complicated.
In hepatocytes, microRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRs and its high expression in
the serum is a characteristic of liver disease.

Objective:

We aimed to compare the circulatory level of miR-122 in patients with Chronic Hepatitis
C (CHC), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infected Liver Transplant Candidates (LTC) and healthy
controls to determine if miR-122 can be considered as an indicator of chronic and advanced stage
of liver disease.

Methods:

MiR-122 serum level was measured in 170 Interferon-naïve (IFN-naïve) CHC patients,
62 LTC patients, and 132 healthy individuals via TaqMan real-time PCR. Serum levels of miR-122
were normalized to the serum level of Let-7a and miR-221. Also, the ALT and AST levels were
measured.

Results:

ALT and AST activities and the expression of circulatory miR-122 were similar in the
CHC and LTC groups, but it had significantly increased compared to healthy individuals (P<0.001
and P<0.001, respectively). Up-regulation of miR-122 in the sample of patients with normal ALT
and AST activities was also observed, indicating that miR-122 is a good marker with high sensitivity
and specificity for diagnosing liver damage.

Conclusion:

miR-122 seemed to be more specific for liver diseases in comparison with the routine
ALT and AST liver enzymes. Since the lower levels of circulating miR-122 were observed in the
LTC group compared to the CHC group, advanced liver damages might reduce the release of
miR-122 from the hepatocytes, as a sign of liver function deficiency.
O mundo na Europa: crises e identidades
Authors: Khan Sheila Pereira , Sousa Vítor de , Ribeiro Rita
Published: December 2020

A História não se compadece com uma narrativa que a torne monopolista e unilateral. É a luta pelo poder, pela máxima utilização dos recursos naturais e pela capacidade abrangente de edificar uma ideologia que sirva para todos que traz para a História esta aparência de unicidade e de homogeneidade. Este pensamento não resulta de uma mera abstração. É o olhar observador, reflexivo e interpretativo da historicidade humana que nos empurra para esta assunção: estudar criticamente a Europa e o mundo exige o exercício de uma linguagem maior e permeável a outras experiências humanas, políticas e históricas. Este livro parte da convicção de que a Europa no mundo e o mundo na Europa não é apenas uma metáfora do fulgor e da força que a globalização e a tecnologia nos permitem. Esta Europa no mundo e este mundo na Europa é o resultado de uma longa relação feita de conquistas, lutas, guerras, exploração, violência, subalternização e lutas de emancipação, que representam o arquivo histórico do nosso presente.
Comprehensive research on LGBT legal policy in East Asia toward the formation of an international comparative research centre
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

The legal and human rights of a LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) person has increased in countries around the world in recent years. For example, the UK Parliament passed the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act, which allowed same-sex marriage in England and Wales, in 2013 and
it came into force the following year. There has also been a relaxation in the requirements for sex change. In the wake of such changes, international comparative studies and research has gained traction, with many academics establishing projects that seek to look at the differences in policies
and rights for LGBT persons in different countries. However, much of the existing research is focused on Western legal policy and is generally centred on Europe and the US. Of course, this only accounts for a small proportion of the people in the world and so while such research is welcomed,
knowledge gaps clearly still exist and more needs to be done to fill them. Associate Professor Hiroyuki Taniguchi, based at the Kanazawa University Institute of Liberal Arts and Science is working on a comparative study of LGBT legal policies in the countries of East Asia. He hopes to form
an international comparative research centre that will help people access the information they need to understand their rights.
A Study on the Articulation System in Elementary, Secondary, and Higher Education: Focusing on the Improvement of the Educational Environment
Authors: Hoshino Masumi
Published: December 2020

Dr Masumi Hoshino from the University of Tsukuba is gathering and analysing data to guide the development of more effective and efficient education systems in Japan. Hoshino seeks to uncover the ways in which major governing bodies share the fiscal and administrative burden of education
and highlights local and national education administrative best practice. The purpose of the research is to clarify the institutional conditions that will facilitate the connection from primary education to higher education within a decentralised educational administrative structure.
A study on the relationship between the term structure of Japanese corporate bond spreads and the macro economy
Authors: Kobayashi Takeshi
Published: December 2020

Dr Takeshi Kobayashi, Professor of Business School of Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, is carrying out research which explores credit spreads and macroeconomic variables through a range of methodologies. He is hoping to gain new perspecitves and knowledge in this area by
bridging the gap between finance and academia through detailed empirical analyses of corporate bond spreads and the relationship to macroeconomic variables.
Evolution of cooperative study
Authors: Okada Isamu
Published: December 2020

Associate Professor Isamu Okada is based at the Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration, Soka University in Japan, as well as a visiting professor of Department of Information Systems and Operations, Vienna University of Economics and Business in Austria.
Okada has dedicated his career to understanding more about the evolution of cooperation which is a strand of thought that falls under evolutionary biology. Academics around the world have long considered the issues relating to the evolution of cooperation. In these studies, cooperation is
taken to mean providing benefits to others by paying some kind of cost, whether that be money, time, effort, etc. One of the most fascinating aspects of the theory is that rational thought holds a person has no incentive to cooperate. Indeed, despite decades of research and huge numbers of
studies, a rational reason for cooperating has still not been cultivated properly. One of the mechanisms that lie behind cooperation are known as reciprocity and there are many different types. Three specific types have been studied in great detail; direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity
and network reciprocity. Okada's team has conducted investigations that shine new light on indirect reciprocity which could open up new directions for the field of evolutionary biology.
International research delivers many rewards
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: December 2020

International collaboration in research is not a new concept, but as pressure on research funding increases, project applications for funding must deliver a comprehensive package of well-considered experimental design, impactful research focus and a world-class team. Collaborations
with key international leaders in their fields are an excellent way of boosting the credentials of any project, increasing the chances of the group getting funding by opening up their pool of potential funders.
Mobile Health Intervention to Close the Guidelines-To-Practice Gap in Hypertension Treatment: Protocol for the mGlide Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Murray Thomas A , Westberg Sarah M , Connett John , Overton Val , Nyman John A , Culhane-Pera Kathleen A , Pergament Shannon L , Drawz Paul , Vollbrecht Emily , Xiong Txia , Everson-Rose Susan A
Published: December 2020

Background

Suboptimal treatment of hypertension remains a widespread problem, particularly among minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. We present a health system–based intervention with diverse patient populations using readily available smartphone technology. This intervention is designed to empower patients and create partnerships between patients and their provider team to promote hypertension control.

Objective

The mGlide randomized controlled trial is a National Institutes of Health–funded study, evaluating whether a mobile health (mHealth)-based intervention that is an active partnership between interprofessional health care teams and patients results in better hypertension control rates than a state-of-clinical care comparison.

Methods

We are recruiting 450 participants including stroke survivors and primary care patients with elevated cardiovascular disease risk from diverse health systems. These systems include an acute stroke service (n=100), an academic medical center (n=150), and community medical centers including Federally Qualified Health Centers serving low-income and minority (Latino, Hmong, African American, Somali) patients (n=200). The primary aim tests the clinical effectiveness of the 6-month mHealth intervention versus standard of care. Secondary aims evaluate sustained hypertension control rates at 12 months; describe provider experiences of system usability and satisfaction; examine patient experiences, including medication adherence and medication use self-efficacy, self-rated health and quality of life, and adverse event rates; and complete a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Results

To date, we have randomized 107 participants (54 intervention, 53 control).

Conclusions

This study will provide evidence for whether a readily available mHealth care model is better than state-of-clinical care for bridging the guideline-to-practice gap in hypertension treatment in health systems serving diverse patient populations.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03612271; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03612271

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/25424
An App-Based Intervention to Support First Responders and Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Needs Assessment and Mixed Methods Implementation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Vilendrer Stacie , Amano Alexis , Brown Johnson Cati G , Favet Marissa , Safaeinili Nadia , Villasenor Jacqueline , Shaw Jonathan G , Hertelendy Attila J , Asch Steven M , Mahoney Megan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for first responders (eg, police, fire, and emergency medical services) and nonmedical essential workers (eg, workers in food, transportation, and other industries). Health systems may be uniquely suited to support these workers given their medical expertise, and mobile apps can reach local communities despite social distancing requirements. Formal evaluation of real-world mobile app–based interventions is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the adoption, acceptability, and appropriateness of an academic medical center–sponsored app-based intervention (COVID-19 Guide App) designed to support access of first responders and essential workers to COVID-19 information and testing services. We also sought to better understand the COVID-19–related needs of these workers early in the pandemic.

METHODS

To understand overall community adoption, views and download data of the COVID-19 Guide App were described. To understand the adoption, appropriateness, and acceptability of the app and the unmet needs of workers, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone, by video, and in person with first responders and essential workers in the San Francisco Bay Area who were recruited through purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling. Interview transcripts and field notes were qualitatively analyzed and presented using an implementation outcomes framework.

RESULTS

From its launch in April 2020 to September 2020, the app received 8262 views from unique devices and 6640 downloads (80.4% conversion rate, 0.61% adoption rate across the Bay Area). App acceptability was mixed among the 17 first responders interviewed and high among the 10 essential workers interviewed. Select themes included the need for personalized and accurate information, access to testing, and securing personal safety. First responders faced additional challenges related to interprofessional coordination and a “culture of heroism” that could both protect against and exacerbate health vulnerability.

CONCLUSIONS

First responders and essential workers both reported challenges related to obtaining accurate information, testing services, and other resources. A mobile app intervention has the potential to combat these challenges through the provision of disease-specific information and access to testing services but may be most effective if delivered as part of a larger ecosystem of support. Differentiated interventions that acknowledge and address the divergent needs between first responders and non–first responder essential workers may optimize acceptance and adoption.
Urban and ecological prerequisites for the development of the Black Sea cities in the Krasnodar region with consideration of thermal and wind processes
Authors: Sokolskaya Oxana N. , Giyazov Adham I.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Ecology of the atmospheric environment of coastal cities directly depends on the thermal and wind processes, which are formed by irradiation of the active city surface and slope mountain areas adjacent to the city, as well as the sea area.

Materials and methods. The study is based on a comprehensive methodology for studying urban and ecological processes of the atmospheric environment at the macro- and mesoecological level of urban planning. Modern computer models ICON, GFS and GEM utilized in applied meteorology were used, as well as the semi-graphical method of modeling daily pollution dome transformation based on thermophysical and aerodynamic laws of atmospheric environment and irradiation of the building’s active surface and of the surrounding landscape.

Results. The transformation and movement chart of the air pollution dome formed over the city during the day in the “mountains – city – sea” system is presented. It is proved that in the warm season in the first half of the day, the maximum accumulation zone of negative atmospheric pollutants is located in the mountain foothills facing east, by mid-day it will be shifted to the center of the city, and in the evening the maximum pollution will be observed in the coastal zone. The presented ecological efficiency in urban planning on the example of the Black Sea cities of Novorossiysk and Tuapse allows for the assessment of the thermal and wind process impact on the transformation and movement of atmospheric pollution dome in complex terrain and sea area conditions using the assessment classification of “satisfactory” in the first half of the day, “good” in the day and evening.

Conclusions. The research is particularly relevant in southern cities located on the coast and bordering the mountainous territory. The main urban and ecological principle of planning organization in the reconstruction, planning and development of coastal cities and towns is the mechanism of thermodynamic and aerodynamic processes of the atmospheric environment, expressed in the form of sea breeze and mountain-valley circulation, as well as convective flows, the study of which allowed to formulate practical recommendations.
Diseño líquido: los procesos creativos en tiempos de cambio
Authors: López-León Ricardo
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es vincular la noción de fluidez —expresada en la obra de Zygmunt Bauman— con las prácticas del diseño, para observar su evolución y los retos a los que se enfrentan a nivel profesional y pedagógico. Se presentan resultados de una investigación documental de perspectivas distintas sobre el concepto de liquidez en varios ámbitos, que cubren tres principales aspectos: la discusión sobre los atributos conceptuales como signos de que la sociedad se encuentra en una edad líquida; una reflexión del concepto de diseño líquido a través de siete características identificables en la práctica profesional (colaborativo, multidisciplinar, multimetódico, improvisado, infinito, intangible y glocal); y una reflexión sobre el reto para la enseñanza del diseño en tiempos de fluidez. La comunidad académica puede reconocer en las características aquí identificadas cómo la profesión ha cambiado y así diseñar estrategias para preparar mejor a sus estudiantes. Asimismo, los diseñadores las pueden tomar como guía para expandir su práctica profesional y adaptarse mejor y más rápido a una sociedad fluida. Sirva el diseño líquido como escenario a enfrentar y, al mismo tiempo, como un conjunto de habilidades por desarrollar.
Mientras agoniza: Examen crítico del modelo procesal de instancia única en materia laboral de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Laise Luciano , Bohorquez-Artunduaga Juan Sebastián
Published: December 2020

Las garantías procesales mínimas incluyen la posibilidad de una doble instancia judicial, tal como lo ha reconocido el artículo 8º inciso 2º literal h de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. A pesar de que esa disposición convencional se refiere exclusivamente a procesos de índole criminal o penal, la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha considerado que tal garantía procesal se ha de extender a pleitos de naturaleza fiscal, administrativa, civil y laboral. Este artículo sostendrá que si bien el régimen procesal de instancia única en materia laboral de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) ya ha sido derogado, lo cierto es que este persiste en un estado de agonía, porque todavía no se han integrado las Cámaras de Apelación del Trabajo. De hecho, la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires ratifica su negativa a concretar por ella misma el derecho al recurso hasta que se pongan en funcionamiento esos tribunales de apelación. La situación descrita no solo resultaría insuficientemente adecuada a los estándares procesales a nivel interamericano, sino que también implicaría un estado de indefensión para un sujeto de especial protección constitucional: el trabajador.
Reseña: La empresa en el siglo XXI. Un estudio multidisciplinar de carácter jurídico empresarial. Eduardo Carlos Dittmar (2019)
Authors: Vargas Portillo Patricia
Published: December 2020

Eduardo Carlos Dittmar es vicedecano de investigación de EAE Business School, así como editor de la revista Harvard Deusto Business Research. Su investigación presenta carácter interdisciplinar, pudiendo calificarse de frontera entre las ciencias empresariales y el mundo jurídico. Una formación jurídica que supere la perspectiva meramente normativa e incluya otras dimensiones —como, entre otras, la económica, empresarial, política, histórica, sociológica o filosófica— suministraría al operador jurídico diferentes instrumentos que le darían la oportunidad de comprender, con una mayor amplitud, los fenómenos sociales y aplicar las normas respecto a la realidad social.
La quema intencional de basura en el área central de Río Gallegos, otoño invierno 2015
Authors: González Cristhian , Ortega Camila A. Macarena , Rivera Roxana , Cáceres Alicia P. , Frías Patricia
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo plantea como problema los daños provocados por la quema intencional de basura en el área central de la ciudad de Río Gallegos entre los meses de otoño e invierno de 2015. Para ello se presenta como objetivo principal investigar las consecuencias de los focos de incendio provocados por la quema de basura intencional hasta 150 metros de distancia en el centro de la ciudad de Río Gallegos; con el fin de reconocer los daños provocados por los mismos. Metodológicamente, se aplica la técnica Buffer a partir de cada foco de incendio con anillos de 50 metros cada uno. Se aplica un muestreo bietápico para seleccionar el lugar a encuestar del área de influencia de todos los focos de incendio; la primera etapa es cada anillo del Buffer y la segunda los usos del suelo. Los resultados expresan que hubo daños de tipo físico, psicológico, material, económico y otros. Además, que cuanto más cerca del foco de incendio se encontraban las personas el daño fue menos percibido. Como conclusión se cumple la hipótesis de que los vecinos del área delimitada de estudio habrían sufrido algún tipo de daño.
Operation Research and Formation of the Harvesting Transport Complex of the Grain Harvesters of Foreign Production
Authors: Iovlev G. A. , Nesgovorov A. G. , Goldina I. I.
Published: December 2020

The authors showed that the main condition for assessing the harvesting transport complex is to reduce costs during harvesting and transportation of grain crops.

(Research purpose) To assess the technical and economic indicators and operational properties of foreign grain harvesters and their impact on the productivity of the entire harvesting transport complex. Based on the statistical data obtained during the information collection, to calculate the indicators that aff ect the harvesting transport complex management.

(Materials and methods) The authors used statistical materials on the combine harvesters operation, transport vehicles for transportation. They took studied combine harvesters and vehicles technical characteristics. They considered the elements of the theory of probability for the formation of the harvesting transport complex. The studies were carried out simultaneously in two structural divisions of an agricultural organization, located at a distance of 19-20 kilometers from each other. Economic and statistical, forecasting, economic and mathematical modeling, expert assessments and others methods were used.

(Results and discussion) The authors received 89 values for the indicator "Time to fi ll the combine harvester bunker", 45 – according to the criterion "Waiting time for vehicle loading". They calculated the mathematical expectation of the fi rst indicator: in the fi rst harvesting team for the Tucano 450 – 22.68 minutes; Mega 370 – 20.74 minutes; for a Tucano 450 from the second harvesting team – 19.24 minutes.

(Conclusions) The authors revealed the features of harvesting transport complexes formation, consisting of foreign combine harvesters and vehicles. They determined the productivity, quality indicators of the technological process of threshing grain crops and yield, at which the use of foreign combine harvesters became economically feasible.
Good and Bad Reasoning about COVID-19
Authors: Cummings Louise
Published: December 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic presents argumentation theorists with an opportunity to reflect on the ways in which people, agencies and governments respond to the emergence of a new virus. Reponses have revealed a range of judgements and decisions, not all of which are rationally warranted. This article will examine errors in reasoning, several of which have reduced the public’s compliance with important health measures. This article will also analyse rationally warranted reasoning about Covid-19 employed by public health agencies. In examining instances of good and bad reasoning during the Covid-19 pandemic, we can begin to construct a taxonomy of arguments that facilitated and hindered individual and collective responses during this public health emergency.
Relevansi Pemeriksaan Calon Tersangka sebelum Penetapan Tersangka
Authors: Effendi Erdianto
Published: December 2020

In Indonesian criminal procedure law, there is no requirement for an investigator to first conduct an examination of a potential suspect until the determination as a suspect. The determination of a suspect is deemed sufficiently reasonable if it is based on examination of evidence, ranging from witness testimony, expert testimony, document and other evidence. After the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 21/PUU-XII/2014, there were differences in interpretation and debate regarding the examination of the potential suspect, because this examination was mentioned in the consideration of the decision as a necessity but not part of the verdict. In this article, it is revealed that the designation of a person as a suspect is part of forced efforts and is almost equivalent to the designation of a person as a convicted person due to the similarities in the various restrictions and deprivation of rights that can be applied as a result of the two determinations, for example in detention. The shift in the meaning of the determination of a suspect as part of this forced effort encourages that citizens’ rights be protected not only when a person is a suspect, but also before becoming a suspect. Thus, the rights inherent in a suspects also needs to be given to those who will be designated as suspects, also called as potential suspects.

Abstrak

Dalam hukum acara pidana Indonesia, tidak ada keharusan bagi penyidik untuk terlebih dahulu melakukan pemeriksaan calon tersangka sehingga sampai pada penetapannya sebagai tersangka. Penetapan tersangka dipandang telah cukup beralasan apabila didasarkan pada pemeriksaan alat bukti, mulai dari keterangan saksi, keterangan ahli, surat, dan bukti lainnya. Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014, terjadi perbedaan penafsiran dan perdebatan tentang pemeriksaan calon tersangka ini, disebabkan pemeriksaan ini disebut dalam bagian pertimbangan putusan sebagai suatu keharusan namun tidak menjadi bagian amar putusan. Dalam artikel ini ditunjukkan, penetapan seseorang sebagai tersangka merupakan bagian dari upaya paksa dan bahkan hampir setara dengan penetapan seseorang sebagai terpidana, disebabkan kesamaan berbagai pembatasan dan perampasan hak yang dapat diterapkan akibat dari dua penetapan tersebut, misalnya dalam penahanan. Perubahan pemaknaan penetapan tersangka sebagai bagian dari upaya paksa ini mendorong agar hak-hak warga negara telah harus dilindungi tidak saja ketika seseorang sudah berstatus tersangka, tetapi juga pada saat sebelum menjadi tersangka. Dengan demikian, hak-hak yang melekat dalam diri tersangka juga perlu diberikan kepada mereka yang akan ditetapkan sebagai tersangka, atau disebut calon tersangka.
Penanganan Anak ISIS dalam Perspektif Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Rapik Mohamad , Permatasari Bunga
Published: December 2020

The involvement of children in the ISIS network has left a complex problem in the legal discourse in Indonesia, including how to deal with children involved in this terrorism network. This article aims to expose the problem of children in conflict with the law in the crime of terrorism. Due to this problem, the Indonesian government is often faced a dilemma between the neccessity to apply serious efforts to eradicate terrorism and the obligation to guarantee a protection to the children. Through a juridical-normative approach, focusing on ISIS children, this article demonstrates that one of the problems in dealing with children involved in terrorism networks lies in the vagueness of the rules addressing the children involved in this terrorism network as well as its implementation by the government. Therefore, this article argues that in order to be able to deal with children involved in terrorism networks, some of the legal instruments concerning the issue, especially the law on terrorism and the laws of children in conflict with the law as long as terrorism is concerned needs to be revised just to accommodate this issue in a more obvious normsto actually maintain a balance between the responsibility to protect the children and the need to preserve stability of the nation and state. Under the new revised laws, the government is hoped to work with and apply the provisions regarding children in conflict with the law in the case of terrorism crimes in the frame of justice and protection for children.

Abstrak

Keterlibatan anak dalam jaringan ISIS menyisakan permasalahan yang kompleks dalam wacana hukum di Indonesia berikut penanganan anak yang terlibat dalam jaringan terorisme ini. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan masalah penangangan anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam tindak pidana terorisme. Terkait hal ini, pemerintah Indonesia seringkali dihadapkan pada dilema antara upaya serius untuk memberantas tindak pidana terorisme dan kewajiban untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada anak. Melalui pendekatan yuridis-normatif, dengan mengambil kasus anak-anak ISIS, artikel ini memperlihatkan bahwa salah satu masalah yang ditemui dalam penanganan anak yang terlibat dalam jaringan terorisme terletak pada ketidakjelasan aturan sejauh menyangkut masalah penangangan anak tersebut berikut pelaksanaannya di lapangan oleh negara. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini berargumen bahwa untuk bisa menangani anak-anak yang terlibat dalam jaringan terorisme, beberapa instrumen hukum yang mengatur masalah ini, utamanya undang-undang terorisme dan undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum harus direvisi guna mengakomodasi permasalahan ini secara lebih jelas yang benar-benar menjaga keseimbangan antara kepentingan anak dan kepentingan bangsa dan negara. Selanjutnya, pemerintah sejatinya mampu mengacu dan menerapkan segala ketentuan hukum yang berlaku mengenai anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam kasus tindak pidana terorisme sebagaimana yang diakomodasi dalam undang-undang tersebut.
Invincibility of Space: the estate in A.P. Chekhov’s plays
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Science, Stroganov Mikhail V. ,   A.N. Kosygin Russian State University
Published: December 2020

The characteristic plot in the drama of A.P. Chekhov is associated with a sense of tragedy of provincial life, and the writer’s positive characters are torn from the estate, which under his pen begins to be perceived as part of the Russian province. The DOI: 10.22455/978-5-9208-0627-7-218-227 219 characters in Chekhov’s dramas are divided into the indigenous inhabitants of the estate (autochthons) and its transit visitors returning to where they came from. The opposition autochthonous / transit оnе implements the archetypal relationship of the wanderer and the homebody, which were ethically balanced figures in Russian literature of the first half of the XIX century. However, Chekhov, who portrayed the historical and cultural situation in Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries, depicts transit heroes less attractive than autochthons. Believing that in the modern conditions of destruction of the “estate culture” it is impossible to live fully in the estate on a permanent basis, Chekhov nevertheless settled there the most sympathetic of his heroes. Escaping from the estate, they saved their lives, but they did it at the cost of betrayal of family shrines and lofty ideals.
The decadent on plain-air: Scenes from dacha’s life of Valery Bryusov
Authors:   Takushioku Universit, Molodyakov Vasily E.
Published: December 2020

Famous first of all as “the poet of the town” Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov (1873–1924) was rarely mentioned among famous literary dachniks of Silver Age, and his poems depicting Russian nature are not well known or appreciated. Bryusov didn’t know either peasants’ or country squires’ life, but living on dacha (hired summer cottage in the suburbs) took a significant place in his biography and literary work. For Bry- usov dacha was neither a town as a usual place of living, nor a Town as a “world”, and DOI: 10.22455/978-5-9208-0627-7-239-250 240 also not a country as opposite to a town. Dacha was the place to continue comfortable town’s life on plain-air, not really separated from a town because it was hired in the suburbs, usually near a railway station, so it was possible to go there and back again in the same day or to spent a nignt in the town. This article deals with known facts of dacha’s life of the Bryusov family in the suburbs of Moscow. The study may be continued using unpublished sources to verify details, including their dacha’s addresses.
From the estate to the commune: history of noble estates in 1920–1930-s (based on the material of the “Pedagogical poem” of A.S. Makarenko)
Authors:   A.N. Kosygin Russian State University, Stroganova Evgeniya N.
Published: December 2020

The paper is dedicated to the issue of establishment of colonies and communes for homeless children on the site of former estates. The focus is on A.S. Makarenko’s colony n.a. M. Gorky, which had been located on a farm, in Triba, Poltava province, since 1920, and which moved to rural area of Kovaliovka in 1923 (previously owned by brothers V.E. and E.E. Trepke). According to the “Pedagogicheskaya poema” (“The Pedagogical Poem”), letters of Makarenko and historical references, it can be understood what history the landscaped estate with a rationally established economy had had. Though it had being plundered and finally had become “dead kingdom”. Colonists not only renewed the buildings but also landscaped the surrounding area: they built the greenhouse, put in order the yards and the riverbank, cleared the garden and laid out flowerbeds. Beside this, they regulated agricultural production: they cultivated and planted fields, started farming. The Trepke estate has changed, but the cultural layer has been preserved, since the new householders have not destroyed it but adapted to their needs. The history of the colony n.a. Gorky presents how the new owners of ruined country estates have given to estate the new life.
Estate transgression in the story “Nastya” by Vladimir Sorokin
Authors:   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Spivakovsky Pavel E.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the metaphorical image of pre-revolutionary Russian society in Vladimir Sorokin’s short story “Nastya”. Recreated in the exhibition traditionalist space of the estate is here the background for the demonstration of radical axiological changes in the minds of educated Russians at the turn of the XIX–XXth centuries. These changes are twofold. On the one hand, the writer interprets them as an ethical catastrophe: it is not by chance that they are metaphorically depicted as an act of cannibalism approved by almost all the heroes of the story, on the other handshows that transgressive avant-garde experiments with ethics and attempts to transform human nature are closely intertwined with very significant aesthetic achievements of the culture of the Silver Age. With this stems, in particular, and Gnostic transformation of Nastya in the final of the story. The article shows that the depth and tragedy of the depicted make us see in the story a metamodernist view of the world, free from the rigid restrictions of postmodern theory (the ban on seriousness, tragedy, the ban on non-ironic depiction of depth of being, etc.). All this creates a multidimensional metaphorical picture of the culture of the Silver Age, transgressed the limits and threw Russia into the improbability of the previously unthinkable.
From anti-idyll to the “poem of desolation”: the traditions of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in the “estate text” of the early XX century
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Romanova Galina I.
Published: December 2020

On the basis of thematic proximity and similarity of a number of formal features (chronotope of the noble nest; the image of the negative aspects of the es- tate life; the weakening of cause-and-effect relations between the events; the system of characters, tied by relation, but separated spiritually; the specificity of organization of speech) genre transformations in the last novel of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Old Years in Poshe khonye” (1889) and in the short stories cycle of I.A. Bunin “Black Earth” (1903) have compared. The theme of returning to their homeland also brings them closer together — a mental appeal to the past, that is, in Poshekhon’s childhood by Saltykov-Shchedrin, the road to the family estate — by Bunin. In both works embodied a persistent conflict that does not find a final solution. The sharp denial of the present state of reality, characteristic of satire, presupposes the existence of an ideal, which in the works by Saltykov-Shchedrin and appears as an idyllic picture of the world. In relation to it, the image of estate life in both “Old Years in Poshekhonye” and “Black Earth” is anti-idyllic: here everything is the opposite and contradicts the idyllic notions of peaceful life in harmony with nature. In Bunin’s story, this feature is shown in the appeal to the genre of “poem of desolation”.
The “estate topos” of Russian symbolism in the ego-documentary prose by Andrei Bely
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Glukhova Elena V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the modification of the “estate topos” of Russian sym- bolism in Andrei Bely’s memoir prose. The estates Shakhmatovo, Dedovo, Serebrianyj Kolodez played a key role in the cultural history of Russian symbolism. The peculiarity of Bely’s “estate text”, on the one hand, is that he found an original neo-mythological mode in the image of these estates, on the other hand, gave them heterotopic properties. The article shows how the tonality of his memoirs about Alexander Blok changes from the first edition in journal “Notes of Dreamers” (1922) to the last part of his memorial trilogy “The Beginning of the Century” (1932). If in the first version “Shakhmatovo” appears in neo-mythological meaning and a number of significant symbolic universals are realized, then in the latter version this way of representing the estate is practically erased. The image of Alexander Blok as a spiritual and symbolic center of estate cul- ture is changing: if originally he had the folklore features of Ivan Tsarevich, the ideal symbolist poet on a background of nature, and his wife was Tsarevna, the embodiment of Sophia the Wisdom of God, then later Blok appears as a Lord, carried away only by the issues of managing the estate, and his wife gets the features of an ordinary woman. The estate Serebrianyj Kolodez appears as a heterotopic space, and the features of the estate Dedovo are recognizable in the novel “The Silver Dove”.
Conventional and innovative in the image of the estate world (the fates of the noblewomen in the work of O. Olnem)
Authors:   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mikhailova Maria V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents for the first time a characteristic of the images of no blewomen in the texts of the writer V.N. Tsekhovskaya who wrote under the pseudonym O. Olnem. Her story “The quiet corner” (1902) is interpreted as the writer’s predictive foresight on the inevitable change of the country estate’s “proprietors”. The emergence of new owners does not bring renewal to the homestead world, but demonstrates its forthcoming downfall. In the story “Dynasty” (1910) the death of the estate owner’s wife, which he had in many ways provoked, symbolizes the fragility of the country estate’s essence, the disappearance of its vitality, personified by a woman. Story “Bog” (mid 1910-s) directly talks about the impossibility to preserve the lapsed harmony of the country estate’s existence. Here the country estate becomes a place of exile and of final rest for a woman. And only through the haze of reminiscence does the country estate from the story “Joy (From the diary of a lady)” (1904) appear as a place, where at least temporary accord and mutual understanding are possible.
Neo-Russian style of “estate” texts by Nikolai Rusov and Vera Zhukovskaya
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Astashchenko Elena V.
Published: December 2020

Nikolai Rusov and Vera Zhukovskaya, despite their talents and education, seemed doomed to margins of life and literature (Rusov illegitimate descendant of princes family Urusov, and Zhukovskaya, alias Mikulina-Podrevsky, in her youth, represented under the uncle’s name, Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky was the famous “father” of the Russian aviation, and then, perhaps, secretly became his daughter-in-law). DOI: 10.22455/978-5-9208-0627-7-92-103 93 On the one hand, it is this shaky position of the authors that makes their “estate” texts unsteady, irreal. But, on the other hand, it is the Art Nouveau style, which dominated at the beginning of the XX century, precisely during the period of Rusov and Zhukovskaya’s creativity, being dispelled in art in general, including hitherto unshakable architecture, everyday in the existential, and sometimes in the illusory. The native estate loses its former reliability, but takes on a dreaming dimension, where it is possible to merge water and fire, night and morning, western and eastern, holy and demonic. In this image of the estate, one cannot fail to see the main signs of the neo-Russian style, which was one of the reflections of the modern.
Reception of the plot about road to Damascus in the poem “Agasfer” by Vasily Zhukovsky
Authors:   Moscow Theological Academy, Burmistrova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the key work of Vasily Zhukovsky — the poem “Agasfer” (1852) in the context of the Apostolic story about the way to Damascus. The use of the story about the road to Damascus as an interpretative model of the poem “Agasfer” allows us to clarify the author’s concept of the spiritual transformation of the hero, as well as to comment on the features of the reception of the Apostolic text in Vasily Zhukovsky’s work. The main plot phases of the Apostolic discourse on the conversion of Saul, presented in the book of Acts of the Holy apostles, are read in the narrative of the spiritual transformation of the hero of Vasily Zhukovsky’s poem. At the heart of both plots is the motif of the road, symbolising the mental movement from spiritual error to true faith, from death to life, from the loss of the meaning of one’s own existence to the acquisition of the ability to understand the action of Divine Providence not only in one’s own destiny, but also in the universe. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the Apostolic text about the road to Damascus is interpreted in Vasily Zhukovsky’s poem as an archetype of repentance and spiritual rebirth of the person. Allusive references to the Apostolic discourse on the conversion of Saul are found not only at the level of the plot organisation of the poem, but are also found in the motif, character system of “Agasfer”.
Nikolai Gogol and Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov in the work on the painting “The Apparition of the Messiah”
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vinogradov Igor’ A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents an analysis of the creative dialogueАbstract: The article presents an analysis of the creative dialogueof Nikolai Gogol and artist Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov in the processof creating of the famous painting “The Apparition of the Messiah”by the latter. As a result of comparing the preliminary sketches of theartist, interpreting one of the drawings made by Nikolai Gogol forAlexander Andreyevich, as well as studying the similar religious andpolitical views of the writer and painter, a conclusion is drawn abouttheir fruitful cooperation in developing the concept of the famous painting.The compositional motifs prompted by Nikolai Gogol to AlexanderAndreyevich Ivanov and embodied in “The Apparition of the Messiah”include a number of interconnected and complementary Christian images.Transformed in baptism, ancient and modern humanity, what was depicted by the artist in the outlines of the temple, was the reconstructeddepicted by the artist in the outlines of the temple, was the reconstructed“fall of Adam”, the New Testament Noah’s ark — the ship of the Church,the “echidna” serpent of the baptised pagans. The latter image finds itscorrespondence in a whole series of Nikolai Gogol’s works of art, from“Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka” to “Dead Souls”. Nikolai Gogol andAlexander Andreyevich Ivanov find deep unanimity in the developmentof the main messianic content of the picture.
National idea and call for mutual understanding: later creative work of Vladimir Odoyevsky in disputes between Russia and the West
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitrieva Ekaterina E.
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to two subjects of letters of Vladimir Odoyevsky, which globally can be seen as an attempt by the writer to build a dialogue with the Europeans, to encourage them to understand Russia and the Russians, to bridge the gap in the cultural interaction of the countries. The author of the article refers to the pamphlet “About Russian stoves” in the correspondence of Vladimir Odoyevsky with the aunt of Emperor Alexander II, notes Vladimir Odoyevsky’s increased attention to the theme of stove heating and, in general, to the image of the furnace, which repeatedly appears in his artistic work. The work demonstrates the writer’s return to the plot about the interaction of the Russian and the German peoples and the whimsically beaten uptake of the experience of one another in the furnace business. Of great interest is Vladimir Odoyevsky’s controversy with Jean Baptiste Alphonse Karr, which was described in detail in the article and unfolded on the pages of the journal “L’Avenir de Nice”. An analytical study of an acute journalistic dispute allows the author of the article to highlight the central problem of misunderstanding by foreigners of Russia, which permeates not only the artistic and journalistic works of Vladimir Odoyevsky, but also his correspondence with the Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, who was constantly between Petersburg and Weimar, and who knew firsthand about the difficulties of Russian interaction and Western Europe.