bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melt ponds on Arctic sea ice determined from MODIS satellite data using an artificial neural network
Authors: Rösel A. , Kaleschke L. , Birnbaum G.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Melt ponds on sea ice strongly reduce the surface albedo and accelerate the decay of Arctic sea ice. Due to different spectral properties of snow, ice, and water, the fractional coverage of these distinct surface types can be derived from multispectral sensors like the Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) using a spectral unmixing algorithm. The unmixing was implemented using a multilayer perceptron to reduce computational costs. Arctic-wide melt pond fractions and sea ice concentrations are derived from the level 3 MODIS surface reflectance product. The validation of the MODIS melt pond data set was conducted with aerial photos from the MELTEX campaign 2008 in the Beaufort Sea, data sets from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) for 2000 and 2001 from four sites spread over the entire Arctic, and with ship observations from the trans-Arctic HOTRAX cruise in 2005. The root-mean-square errors range from 3.8 % for the comparison with HOTRAX data, over 10.7 % for the comparison with NSIDC data, to 10.3 % and 11.4 % for the comparison with MELTEX data, with coefficient of determination ranging from R2=0.28 to R2=0.45. The mean annual cycle of the melt pond fraction per grid cell for the entire Arctic shows a strong increase in June, reaching a maximum of 15 % by the end of June. The zonal mean of melt pond fractions indicates a dependence of the temporal development of melt ponds on the geographical latitude, and has its maximum in mid-July at latitudes between 80° and 88° N. Furthermore, the MODIS results are used to estimate the influence of melt ponds on retrievals of sea ice concentrations from passive microwave data. Results from a case study comparing sea ice concentrations from ARTIST Sea Ice-, NASA Team 2-, and Bootstrap-algorithms with MODIS sea ice concentrations indicate an underestimation of around 40 % for sea ice concentrations retrieved with microwave algorithms.
Le transfert inter-organisationnel de connaissances par les multinationales vers leurs fournisseurs locaux : une typologie des pratiques des firmes américaines au Brésil
Authors: Prevot Frédéric
Published: April 2012

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les méthodes utilisées par les multinationales pour transférer des connaissances vers leurs fournisseurs locaux. Nous présentons les résultats d’une étude menée auprès de 121 filiales de multinationales américaines au Brésil. Dans une première étape de la recherche, nous établissons une typologie des méthodes de transfert. Dans une seconde étape, chacune des méthodes identifiées est analysée en fonction des objectifs stratégiques du transfert pour l’émetteur. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent de proposer des définitions des méthodes de transfert et de souligner les intérêts stratégiques du transfert pour l’émetteur.
Les déterminants de la représentation des actionnaires salariés au conseil d’administration ou de surveillance
Authors: Hollandts Xavier , Guedri Zied , Aubert Nicolas
Published: April 2012

Cet article analyse les facteurs qui déterminent la présence de représentants des actionnaires salariés au sein du conseil d’administration ou de surveillance. Nous suggérons qu’un faible degré d’enracinement du dirigeant favorise la présence de représentants des actionnaires salariés, réputés loyaux et passifs envers leur dirigeant. Cependant, la capacité de résistance du conseil d’administration ou de surveillance à la stratégie d’enracinement du dirigeant, déterminée par sa composition et sa structure, réduit la probabilité de la présence de représentants des actionnaires salariés. Nos résultats basés sur une étude quantitative montrent que le degré d’enracinement du dirigeant ainsi que la capacité de résistance du conseil réduisent significativement la probabilité d’une représentation des actionnaires salariés au conseil d’administration ou de surveillance.
Influencing Community Involvement in School: A school community council
Authors: Preston Jane P.
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the role a School Community Council (SCC) played in encouraging community involvement in a kindergarten to grade 12 school. Via 35 interviews, thematic data reflected that the SCC’s influence was limited. As analyzed through social capital theory, SCC members shared thin levels of trust, which influenced the association’s impact on community involvement. Research implications underscore the need for policymakers to reconsider SCC membership timelines.
Poursuivre des études universitaires dès l’âge de 17 ans : étude des motivations d’étudiants québécois
Authors: Stitou Mariam , Duchesne Claire
Published: April 2012

L’Université d’Ottawa est l’une des huit universités canadiennes qui admettent en première année de leurs programmes d’études de premier cycle les étudiants québécois du secondaire V âgés de 17 ans et n’ayant poursuivi aucune formation collégiale. Cette recherche qualitative vise à identifier et à décrire les motivations d’ordres institutionnel, personnel et interpersonnel de six étudiants québécois à poursuivre, directement du secondaire V, des études de niveau universitaire. Des pistes de réflexion à propos de la pertinence des programmes d’études préuniversitaires pour ces étudiants seront également proposées.
L’entrepreneuriat en milieu scolaire : de quoi s’agit-il?
Authors: Pepin Matthias
Published: April 2012

Depuis 2001, l’entrepreneuriat fait partie des orientations curriculaires défendues au sein du Programme de formation de l’école québécoise. Cependant, l’éducation entrepreneuriale demeure une notion ambiguë. Un examen attentif du mouvement de l’éducation entrepreneuriale permet de préciser selon quelle(s) finalité(s) éducative(s) il est possible de comprendre cette volonté d’introduire l’entrepreneuriat dans la scolarité de base des élèves (primaire et secondaire). Ceci spécifié, la particularité de l’approche entrepreneuriale en éducation (enterprise education) est exposée.
Balises pour une histoire institutionnelle de la littérature prolétarienne et révolutionnaire (1920-1940)
Authors: Glinoer Anthony
Published: April 2012

Cas à la fois emblématique et ambigu de littérature engagée, la littérature prolétarienne et révolutionnaire des années 1920-1940 a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux : que ce soit dans les cas de l’Allemagne, de la France, des États-Unis ou de la Russie soviétique, les principaux acteurs ont été identifiés, certaines oeuvres ont été republiées et il a été montré comment ces mouvements ont été encouragés puis déstructurés, au profit du seul réalisme socialiste, par l’Internationale communiste. Cependant, la dimension transnationale, voire mondiale, de ce mouvement littéraire, n’a pas été mise de l’avant, non plus que les profondes ressemblances entre les démarches institutionnelles menées d’un pays à l’autre dans ce domaine. Partant de sources critiques peu connues dans le monde francophone, cet article défriche ce terrain et dresse un état des lieux institutionnels de la littérature prolétarienne et révolutionnaire : groupes, revues, associations y sont considérés de façon à apporter un éclairage nouveau sur ce temps où, de par le monde, les ouvriers écrivaient.
Pas plus spécial que nécessaire : analyse des politiques scolaires de la Nouvelle-Écosse à l’égard de l’inclusion scolaire des élèves avec handicaps
Authors: AuCoin Angèla , Goguen Léonard , Vienneau Raymond
Published: April 2012

Cet article, Pas plus spécial que nécessaire : analyse des politiques scolaires de la Nouvelle-Écosse à l’égard de l’inclusion scolaire des élèves avec handicaps, propose une étude documentaire portant sur l’ensemble des dispositions légales et administratives concernant l’inclusion scolaire et les services éducatifs destinés aux élèves avec handicaps. Le cadre conceptuel, élaboré à partir d’une étude exhaustive des conditions administratives liées à l’inclusion scolaire et d’une recension des politiques scolaires pouvant influencer sa pratique, a mené à la construction d’une matrice originale conçue pour l’analyse des lois et des politiques relatives à l’inclusion scolaire en Nouvelle-Écosse, instrument qui a servi à l’analyse des politiques scolaires de cette province, mais qui pourrait évidemment aussi bien servir à analyser les politiques de toute autre juridiction en matière scolaire (province, territoire, État, etc.). Les deux axes de cette matrice sont constitués des treize conditions administratives retenues et des trois types de politiques scolaires inventoriés. Quelle place accorde-t-on à la différence que représentent, entre autres, les élèves avec handicaps à l’intérieur de ces lois et de ces politiques? Le caractère unique de chaque élève, y compris l’unicité de l’élève handicapé, a-t-il droit de cité dans ces textes?
La pédagogie universelle : au coeur de la planification de l’inclusion scolaire
Authors: Bergeron Léna , Rousseau Nadia , Leclerc Martine
Published: April 2012

Malgré le fait que plusieurs études reconnaissent le bien-fondé de l’inclusion scolaire pour tous les élèves, la mise en oeuvre de celle-ci demeure encore incertaine dans de nombreux milieux éducatifs. Dans cet article, il sera d’abord question des raisons qui sous-tendent le peu d’enthousiasme de certains praticiens à l’égard de l’inclusion scolaire. Ensuite, la pédagogie universelle sera décrite en tant que soutien déterminant à cette inclusion et comme outil de planification puissant pour favoriser la réussite de tous les élèves. Cette façon de concevoir l’enseignement s’inscrit dans une rupture avec l’école traditionnelle en valorisant les différences et en accordant une place de choix à une gestion de la diversité d’élèves et de la pluralité des besoins. De nombreux avantages découlent de la pédagogie universelle, dont l’amélioration de l’apprentissage, un rehaussement de la motivation chez les élèves et le sentiment pour les enseignants d’être mieux outillés pour déterminer les besoins des élèves. Enfin, cet article se termine par une description des principes qui servent de piliers à l’implantation de la pédagogie universelle et des quatre étapes nécessaires à une démarche complète et fructueuse. En somme, la pédagogie universelle crée les conditions gagnantes à la réussite pour tous en contexte d’inclusion scolaire.
Réflexions autour du concept de coenseignement en contexte inclusif
Authors: Benoit Valérie , Angelucci Valérie
Published: April 2012

Bien qu’il soit relatif à un contexte particulier en transition, le thème de cet article s’insère dans une réflexion plus globale et rejoint la préoccupation suscitée par l’intégration et l’inclusion scolaires. En effet, par le rapatriement des élèves et des enseignants issus de l’enseignement spécialisé dans l’école ordinaire, le concept de coenseignement a été fortement mis en exergue ces dernières années. Le but de cet article est donc de mettre en perspective l’efficacité et les conditions-cadres du coenseignement et de relever en parallèle des perspectives de recherche nécessaires afin de soutenir ou de réfuter les injonctions actuelles de mise en oeuvre du coenseignement en contexte inclusif. À cette fin, nous nous attacherons tout d’abord à situer la problématique dans le contexte suisse, puis nous définirons des concepts clés liés au coenseignement selon l’intensité des modes de partage du travail enseignant. Ensuite, nous présenterons les résultats d’un ensemble de recherches pertinentes sur l’efficacité du coenseignement quant aux résultats scolaires et de comportement des élèves, ainsi que sur les bénéfices perçus par les enseignants et les élèves. Nous dégagerons enfin les conditions-cadres recommandées par différents auteurs pour la mise en oeuvre du coenseignement dans les établissements scolaires.
Les chemins de mémoire dans la dramaturgie grecque contemporaine
Authors: Pefanis Georges P.
Published: April 2012

La mémoire dans la dramaturgie grecque moderne ne constitue pas un acte statique de rappel mais un acte complexe et évolutif de reconstitution du passé sous l’influence du présent et du milieu social. De la fin de la junte et après (1974), ces versions de la mémoire dramatique ramènent les sujets à certaines situations du passé qui peuvent révéler les causes d’une vie ratée, décentraliser les certitudes fortes d’une conscience rationnelle, déconstruire, en bref, la présence et l’identité dans les ombres de l’absence et de l’altérité.

De ces versions perce une force négative de la mémoire qui bloque les déroulements et bouleverse la cohérence. Néanmoins d’autre part, il y a sa force positive qui tend à reconstituer les morceaux, à offrir une perspective temporelle pour base et un horizon temporel comme direction à la conscience éthique du présent, à créer un vécu de l’« appartenance au monde et à son histoire ». La mémoire, comme on le voit dans l’image de la dramaturgie grecque contemporaine, semble émerger de la trame dialectique de ces deux forces. Des forces négatives et positives de la mémoire théâtrale convergent en exemples locaux qui s’éloignent des références prédéterminées et introduisent parfois de nouvelles optiques dans les théories officielles du passé et dans leurs interprétations unidimensionnelles.
La présence du théâtre néo-hellénique à l’étranger
Authors: Petrakou Kyriaki
Published: April 2012

Le théâtre grec antique est connu dans le monde entier, ayant eu toujours un grand retentissement, alors que le théâtre néo-hellénique figure à peine dans les livres d’histoire du théâtre. La présente étude vise à examiner la présence du théâtre grec contemporain à l’étranger. Elle est fondée sur des recherches effectuées dans des pays anglophones, ainsi que sur des bibliographies de traductions en langues étrangères et une recherche spécifique menée par le Département d’Études Théâtrales à l’Université d’Athènes, comportant des traductions et des créations scéniques. La présence des auteurs grecs modernes à l’étranger est commentée et analysée sous différents aspects, du point de vue du temps, de l’espace, de la langue, ainsi que d’une vision globale. Sont examinées, à partir des théories de la réception, non seulement les causes du peu de retentissement qu’a eu le théâtre néo-hellénique mais encore ses perspectives réalisables.
Targeted Metabolomics
Authors: Roberts Lee D. , Souza Amanda L. , Gerszten Robert E. , Clish Clary B.
Published: April 2012

The metabolome is the terminal downstream product of the genome and consists of the total complement of all the low‐molecular‐weight molecules (metabolites) in a cell, tissue, or organism. Metabolomics aims to measure a wide breadth of small molecules in the context of physiological stimuli or disease states. Metabolomics methodologies fall into two distinct groups: untargeted metabolomics, an intended comprehensive analysis of all the measurable analytes in a sample including chemical unknowns, and targeted metabolomics, the measurement of defined groups of chemically characterized and biochemically annotated metabolites. The methodologies considered in this unit focus on the processes of conducting targeted metabolomics experiments, and the advantages of this general approach are highlighted herein. This unit outlines procedures for extracting nitrogenous metabolites (including amino acids), lipids, and intermediary metabolites (including TCA cycle oxoacids) from blood plasma. Specifically, protocols are described for analyzing these metabolites using targeted metabolomics experiments based on liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 98:30.2.1‐30.2.24. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Cells from the Feto‐Maternal Interface
Authors: Male Victoria , Gardner Lucy , Moffett Ashley
Published: April 2012

The mucosal lining of the human uterus is host to a specialized population of leukocytes, which, during pregnancy, interact with invading placental cells (trophoblast) of fetal origin. Of particular interest are uterine natural killer cells, which account for around 70% of the leukocytes at this site during the first trimester of pregnancy, and seem to be specially adapted to recognize invading trophoblast cells. In order to understand the interactions between mucosal immune cells and trophoblast, and those among the immune cells themselves, it is useful to be able to isolate and culture these cells. Here, we describe protocols for the isolation of leukocytes, stromal cells, and trophoblast cells from the feto‐maternal interface. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 97:7.40.1‐7.40.11. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of the Targeting Properties of Fc Chimeric Proteins and Antibodies in Mice In Vivo
Authors: Martinez‐Pomares Luisa
Published: April 2012

This unit includes protocols for the analysis of the targeting properties of Fc chimeric proteins and antibodies in mice in vivo. We present procedures to prepare the reagents to be tested under endotoxin‐free conditions, suitable injection sites, methodology for tissue collection, and processing, and labeling procedures to detect the injected material in situ. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 97:18.18.1‐18.18.12. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Association study of neuregulin 1 gene polymorphisms with auditory p300 in schizophrenia
Authors: Kang ChuanYuan , Yang XiaoBin , Xu XiuFeng , Liu Hua , Su Ping , Yang JianZhong
Published: April 2012

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a gene involved with myelin production has been shown to have a positive correlation with schizophrenia. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) studies provide the evidence of disturbed electrophysiologic marker in schizophrenia. The present study investigated the association of NRG1 genotypes with P300 in schizophrenia. Three polymorphisms in NRG1 gene were detected in 287 Chinese Han schizophrenics and 120 healthy control subjects. Among the total sample, 140 patients and 96 controls underwent P300. There were no significant differences for genotype distributions and allele frequencies between schizophrenic group and the control. A significant difference was observed between the schizophrenic patients and controls in the AT haplotype, with Odds Ratio 0.304 (P = 0.000882, 95% CI = 0.145–0.636). P300 amplitude in the schizophrenic group was significantly lower than that of the controls at Fz, Cz, Pz. P300 latency in the schizophrenic group was also significantly longer than that of the controls at Cz, Pz, Fz. Significant differences of P300 latency between three genotypes of rs3924999 were found at Cz and Pz both in schizophrenic group and the controls. The G/G carriers of rs3924999 tended to perform worse in the P300 latency as compared to A/A or A/G carriers both in the schizophrenia and controls. There were no significant differences for P300 latency and amplitude between schizophrenic group and controls for AT haplotype. NRG1 gene is a susceptible gene for Chinese Han schizophrenia and AT haplotype might have the protective role in the schizophrenia. Rs3924999 in NRG1 gene might functionally impact cognitive processing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correction of fluorescence bias on Affymetrix genotyping microarrays
Authors: Rippe Ralph C. A. , Meulman Jacqueline J. , Eilers Paul H. C.
Published: April 2012

Fluorescence signals obtained from microarrays for single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping show systematic strong variations in the levels for single nucleotide polymorphisms and arrays as well as genotypes. Linear models that take all three effects into account fit very well. Once the model parameters have been estimated for a set of reference arrays, they can be used to calibrate new arrays in a simple way, thereby improving genotyping and analysis of copy number variations and allelic imbalance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Spatial Variation and Factors Controlling the Concentration of Total Dissolved Iron in Rivers, Sanjiang Plain
Authors: Wang LiXia , Yan BaiXing , Pan XiaoFeng , Zhu Hui
Published: April 2012

The rivers across Sanjiang Plain are an important path in transferring total dissolved iron (TDFe) into Okhotsk Sea. Distribution of TDFe in main rivers (Amur River, Ussuri River, and Songhua River) and marshy rivers (Yalv River, Bielahong River, and Naoli River) of Sanjiang Plain from 2005 to 2008 was investigated. TDFe concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 6.40 mg L−1 (mean 0.76 mg L−1) and the TDFe species are in the following order: Colloidal iron > ionic iron > complexed iron. Compared with the main rivers, the marshy rivers showed higher TDFe concentration and dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC), and lower pH value. TDFe concentrations were influenced by several factors, whereas, the concentration of DOC, ${\rm HCO}_{3}^{- } $, and ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{- } $ showed remarkable correlation through Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. The rivers mostly showed high TDFe concentration on May and October when the farm activities frequently occur. After 50 years' cultivation of wetlands, the free iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) showed distinct decrease from 195 to 88.2t in Naoli River. Land use change had decreased TDFe output in rivers of Sanjiang Plain because of the changed concentration and component of DOC, which had higher affinity and selectivity with iron.
Coexpression of high‐voltage‐activated ion channels Kv3.4 and Cav1.2 in pioneer axons during pathfinding in the developing rat forebrain
Authors: Huang Chia‐Yi , Chu Dachen , Hwang Wei‐Chao , Tsaur Meei‐Ling
Published: April 2012

Precise axon pathfinding is crucial for establishment of the initial neuronal network during development. Pioneer axons navigate without the help of preexisting axons and pave the way for follower axons that project later. Voltage‐gated ion channels make up the intrinsic electrical activity of pioneer axons and regulate axon pathfinding. To elucidate which channel molecules are present in pioneer axons, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine 14 voltage‐gated ion channels (Kv1.1–Kv1.3, Kv3.1–Kv3.4, Kv4.3, Cav1.2, Cav1.3, Cav2.2, Nav1.2, Nav1.6, and Nav1.9) in nine axonal tracts in the developing rat forebrain, including the optic nerve, corpus callosum, corticofugal fibers, thalamocortical axons, lateral olfactory tract, hippocamposeptal projection, anterior commissure, hippocampal commissure, and medial longitudinal fasciculus. We found A‐type K+ channel Kv3.4 in both pioneer axons and early follower axons and L‐type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 in pioneer axons and early and late follower axons. Spatially, Kv3.4 and Cav1.2 were colocalized with markers of pioneer neurons and pioneer axons, such as deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), in most fiber tracts examined. Temporally, Kv3.4 and Cav1.2 were expressed abundantly in most fiber tracts during axon pathfinding but were downregulated beginning in synaptogenesis. By contrast, delayed rectifier Kv channels (e.g., Kv1.1) and Nav channels (e.g., Nav1.2) were absent from these fiber tracts (except for the corpus callosum) during pathfinding of pioneer axons. These data suggest that Kv3.4 and Cav1.2, two high‐voltage‐activated ion channels, may act together to control Ca2+‐dependent electrical activity of pioneer axons and play important roles during axon pathfinding. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3650–3672, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extended survival of SH‐SY5Y cells following overexpression of Lys67Glu neuroglobin is associated with stabilization of ΔψM
Authors: Skommer Joanna , Brittain Thomas
Published: April 2012

Overwhelming evidence indicates that a high level of expression of the protein neuroglobin protects neurons in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, against cell death associated with hypoxic and amyloid insult. We have previously showed that neuroglobin protects neuronal cells from the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induced by the BH3 mimetic, by preventing cytochrome c‐triggered activation of caspase 9. Here, using cell and molecular biology approaches, we generated a particular neuroglobin mutant, Lys67Glu, overexpression of which confers a significant protection from the BH3 mimetic (TW‐37)‐induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. The cumulative inhibition of caspase 9 activation is significantly enhanced in Lys67Glu neuroglobin‐expressing cells, as compared to wild‐type neuroglobin expressing cells. A multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of TW‐37‐treated cells revealed that inhibition of caspase 9 activity by Lys67Glu neuroglobin is associated with the preservation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔψM), as well as a decreased rate of cytochrome crelease from the mitochondria. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Standardizing minimal residual disease by flow cytometry for precursor B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a developing country
Authors: Patkar Nikhil , Alex Ansu Abu , B. Bargavi , Ahmed Rayaz , Abraham Aby , George Biju , Vishwabandya Auro , Srivastava Alok , Mathews Vikram
Published: April 2012

Background:

In addition to standard risk criteria at diagnosis, minimal residual disease (MRD) following initiation of therapy is a well‐recognized risk factor to predict relapse. Literature from developing countries addressing therapeutic or laboratory practices related to MRD, is largely lacking. In a first paper from India, we describe our experience in establishing a flow cytometry‐based MRD assay for precursor B lineage ALL (BCP‐ALL) with emphasis on the assay standardization and cost.

Methods:

Normal templates for B cell development were established in 10 control patients using CD45, CD11a, CD38, CD20, CD10, CD19, CD58, CD34, CD123, and CD22. BCP‐ALL samples (n = 42) were characterized at diagnosis to identify a suitable marker for follow‐up during mid (D+21) and end of induction (D+33). Both, multiparametric immunophenotyping and single marker detection of LAIP were used for data analysis.

Results:

In 95.2% of BCP‐ALL at least two informative markers could be obtained when a minimum of four cocktail combinations were used. The combination CD20, CD10, CD45, and CD19 was the most useful (71.4%) followed by combinations containing CD38 (66.7%), CD22 (57.1%), CD11a (52.4%), and CD58 (33.3%). Using our approach, 60 and 47% of patients had detectable MRD at mid and end induction time points, respectively.

Conclusion:

We have described a relatively cost effective MRD panel which is applicable to over 90% of patients. We hope that this data would encourage more centers in India and other resource constrained health delivery systems to develop MRD assays. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Optic tectum morphogenesis: A step‐by‐step model based on the temporal–spatial organization of the cell proliferation. Significance of deterministic and stochastic components subsumed in the spatial organization
Authors: Rapacioli Melina , Duarte Santiago , Rodríguez Celín Alejandra , Fiore Luciano , Teruel Luisa , Scicolone Gabriel , Sánchez Viviana , Flores Vladimir
Published: April 2012

Background: Cell proliferation plays an important morphogenetic role. This work analyzes the temporal–spatial organization of cell proliferation as an attempt to understand its contribution to the chick optic tectum (OT) morphogenesis. Results: A morphogenetic model based on space‐dependent differences in cell proliferation is presented. Step1: a medial zone of high mitotic density (mZHMD) appears at the caudal zone. Step2: the mZHMD expands cephalically forming the dorsal curvature and then duplicates into two bilateral ZHMDs (bZHMD). Step3: the bZHMDs move toward the central region of each hemitectum. Step4: the planar expansion of both bZHMD and a relative decrement in the dorsal midline growth produces a dorsal medial groove separating the tectal hemispheres. Step5: a relative caudal displacement of the bZHMDs produces the OT caudal curvature. Numerical sequences derived from records of mitotic cells spatial coordinates, analyzed as stochastic point processes, show that they correspond to 1/f(β) processes. The spatial organization subsumes deterministic and stochastic components. Conclusions: The deterministic component describes the presence of a long‐range influence that installs an asymmetric distribution of cell proliferation, i.e., an asymmetrically located ZHMD that print space‐dependent differences onto the tectal corticogenesis. The stochastic component reveals short‐range anti‐correlations reflecting spatial clusterization and synchronization between neighboring cells. Developmental Dynamics 241:1043–1061, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biphasic wnt8a expression is achieved through interactions of multiple regulatory inputs
Authors: Narayanan Anand , Lekven Arne C.
Published: April 2012

Background: Vertebrate axis development depends upon wnt8a transcription in a dynamic pool of mesoderm progenitors at the posterior pole of the gastrulating embryo. The transcriptional mechanisms controlling wnt8a expression are not understood, but previous studies identified two phases of wnt8a expression in zebrafish: Nodal‐dependent activation during early gastrulation (phase I) and No tail (Ntl)‐dependent regulation from mid gastrula stages (phase II). Results: We identified two upstream cis‐regulatory regions, proximal and distal, each of which possesses a promoter. The proximal regulatory region contains a margin‐specific enhancer that is required for both the Nodal and Ntl responses. Phase I expression requires Nodal activation of the margin enhancer in combination with the transcription factor Zbtb4 and the distal regulatory region. Phase II expression requires Ntl regulation of the margin enhancer in the context of the proximal regulatory region. An additional mechanism is required to ensure the transition from phase I to phase II regulation. Analysis of stickleback wnt8a suggests this mechanism of regulation may be conserved. Conclusions: The seemingly simple wnt8a expression pattern reflects complex interactions of multiple regulatory inputs. Developmental Dynamics 241:1062–1075, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retracted: Human factors of knowledge sharing intention among taiwanese enterprises: a preliminary study
Authors: Tseng Chun‐Pin , Chang Min‐Li , Chen Cheng‐Wu
Published: April 2012

Knowledge management (KM) is very important in the business world of today. The Taiwanese government has recognized the importance of KM in helping small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to innovate through both their internal core competencies and external resources. They have the KM promotion project to combine resources from the information service industry and the academic sector in order to assist SMEs, and have been attempting to introduce the process of KM since 1993. The motivation, opportunity, and ability (MOA) framework has been applied to study how this MOA availability drives knowledge sharing in large enterprises. This study investigates the factors or barriers that influence the intention of knowledge sharing in Taiwanese SMEs through the MOA framework. It should help business managers identify the motivational elements that can encourage investment in it, and then propose pragmatic suggestions for introducing KM initiatives in order to reinvigorate the numbers of KM‐implementing SMEs in Taiwan. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
V-ATPase subunit ATP6AP1 (Ac45) regulates osteoclast differentiation, extracellular acidification, lysosomal trafficking, and protease exocytosis in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
Authors: Yang De-Qin , Feng Shengmei , Chen Wei , Zhao Haibo , Paulson Christie , Li Yi-Ping
Published: April 2012

Lysosomal trafficking and protease exocytosis in osteoclasts are essential for ruffled border formation and bone resorption. Yet the mechanism underlying lysosomal trafficking and the related process of exocytosis remains largely unknown. We found ATP6ap1 (Ac45), an accessory subunit of vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPases), to be highly induced by receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) in osteoclast differentiation. Ac45 knockdown osteoclasts formed normal actin rings, but had severely impaired extracellular acidification and bone resorption. Ac45 knockdown significantly reduced osteoclast formation. The decrease in the number of osteoclasts does not result from abnormal apoptosis; rather, it results from decreased osteoclast precursor cell proliferation and fusion, which may be partially due to the downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (c-fos), nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), and “transmembrane 7 superfamily member 4” (Tm7sf4) expression. Notably, Ac45 knockdown osteoclasts exhibited impaired lysosomal trafficking and exocytosis, as indicated by the absence of lysosomal trafficking to the ruffled border and a lack of cathepsin K exocytosis into the resorption lacuna. Our data revealed that the impaired exocytosis is specifically due to Ac45 deficiency, and not the general consequence of a defective V-ATPase. Together, our results demonstrate the essential role of Ac45 in osteoclast-mediated extracellular acidification and protease exocytosis, as well as the ability of Ac45 to guide lysosomal intracellular trafficking to the ruffled border, potentially through its interaction with the small guanosine-5′-triphosphatase (GTPase) Rab7. Our work indicates that Ac45 may be a novel therapeutic target for osteolytic disease. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis of an M + 7 stable isotope of γ‐cyhalothrin
Authors: Johnson Peter L. , O'Bryan Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2012

γ‐Cyhalothrin is a single isomer, synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. This material was originally developed and marketed by Pytech Chemicals, a joint venture between Dow AgroSciences and Cheminova A/S. Cheminova A/S now wholly owns Pytech Chemical. As a part of registration studies, there was a need for a stable isotope of γ‐cyhalothrin to serve as an internal standard. This paper will discuss the 11‐step synthesis that was used to prepare an M + 7 stable isotope of γ‐cyhalothrin by utilizing triethyl phosphonoacetate‐d2 and acetone‐d6 to incorporate deuterium into the molecule. In the end, the diastereomers were separated by preparative reverse‐phase HPLC to give γ‐cyhalothrin‐d7 in an overall yield of 6%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the rate constants of the reactions of NO3 radical with CF3I and I(2P3/2)
Authors: Nakano Yukio , Sadamori Kengo , Ishiwata Takashi
Published: April 2012

The rate constant of the reaction of NO3 radical with CF3I was determined by a relative rate method using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer smog chamber with a long path length gas cell. As a result, the upper limit of the rate constant was determined to be <2.2 × 10−18 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 in 100 Torr of total pressure at 298 K, which suggests that CF3I emitted into the atmosphere accumulates during night. The rate constant of the reaction of NO3 with I(2P3/2) was also measured using time‐resolved cavity ring‐down spectroscopy. The rate constant showed no pressure dependence in the range of 100–500 Torr of total pressure at 298 K and was determined to be (3.9 ± 1.0) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The present result is different from the previous ones and is about half of that reported most recently. From this rate constant, it is likely that the reaction of NO3 radical with I(2P3/2) does not have a much influence on the loss of I(2P3/2) and the formation cycle of IO radical in the atmosphere. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 649–660, 2012
Smoking increases recurrent viral hepatitis after liver transplantation
Authors: Bhat Mamatha , Deschenes Marc , Tan Xianming , Martel Myriam , Bhat Venkataramana , Wong Philip , Metrakos Peter , Ghali Peter
Published: April 2012

Smoking is a common behavior among transplant candidates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on a range of complications after liver transplantation. We reviewed data about patient demographics and various complications after liver transplantation that were recorded in the McGill University Health Centre liver transplant database over a 14-year period. χ2 and multivariate analyses were performed. Four hundred forty-four liver transplants were performed from 1990 to 2004, and 63 were repeat transplants. Only primary liver transplant recipients were included in our analysis. Smokers (ie, active or former smokers) were more likely to be male (77.9% versus 62.7%, P = 0.009) and Caucasian (88.4% versus 78.0%, P = 0.03). The median survival time was 13.23 years for smokers and was not estimable for nonsmokers because of censoring. The median recurrent viral hepatitis–free survival time was 0.87 years for smokers and 4.10 years for nonsmokers (P = 0.03). The following variables were not found to be associated with the smoking status: patient survival (P = 0.78), time to biliary complications after liver transplantation (P = 0.67), time to the first rejection episode after liver transplantation (P = 0.61), and time to depression after liver transplantation (P = 0.67). A Cox proportional hazards regression showed that recurrent viral hepatitis–free survival was still strongly associated with smoking [HR = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–3.68, P = 0.018] and was marginally associated with East Asian race (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.06–1.06, P = 0.06) and male sex (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.34–1.02, P = 0.06). In conclusion, recurrent viral hepatitis–free survival was decreased for smokers after liver transplantation, likely because of the adverse effects of tobacco on immunological host defenses. Overall, the biliary complication–free, depression-free, and rejection-free survival rates were similar for smokers and nonsmokers. These findings suggest that smoking cessation should be encouraged, particularly in recipients undergoing transplantation for viral hepatitis. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Molecular characterization of a cancer‐related single nucleotide polymorphism in the pro‐inflammatory interleukin‐1B gene
Authors: Landvik N.E. , Tekpli X. , Anmarkrud K.H. , Haugen A. , Zienolddiny S.
Published: April 2012

Interleukin‐1β is a key pro‐inflammatory cytokine that has been associated with chronic inflammation and inflammation‐related cancer initiation and progression. There are inter‐individual differences in IL1B expression which may be due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulatory regions of the gene. We have previously shown that a SNP located in the promoter of the IL1B gene (the IL1B T‐31C SNP) was associated with lung cancer risk. Interestingly, the presence of the C allele was also associated with reduced IL1B expression in normal lung tissue of lung cancer patients. In the present study, we found that differential binding patterns of nuclear proteins to oligonucleotide probes containing the IL1B ‐31C allele compared to those with the T allele were due to specific binding of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). We further found evidence that specific recruitment of YY1 to the ‐31C region of the IL1B promoter regulated IL1B gene expression using siRNA directed towards YY1. The results indicate that the presence of a C allele at the ‐31 position may lead to decreased expression of the IL1B gene due to a specific binding of YY1 in lung epithelial cells. Our study provides functional significance of allelic variation at a single locus in the IL1B promoter and contributes to understanding the regulation of IL1B in inflammation‐related carcinogenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An oocyte‐preferential histone mRNA stem‐loop‐binding protein like is expressed in several mammalian species
Authors: Thelie Aurore , Pascal Geraldine , Angulo Leslie , Perreau Christine , Papillier Pascal , Dalbies‐Tran Rozenn
Published: April 2012

During early embryo development, chromatin packaging is sustained by histones of maternal origin. Most histone messenger RNAs are not polyadenylated, but rather end in an evolutionarily conserved stem‐loop that controls RNA processing, nucleocytoplasmic transport, stability, and translation via interactions with a specific protein named stem‐loop‐binding protein (SLBP). In mouse oocytes, mSLBP is synthesized abundantly during maturation and activates histone translation. In Xenopus, xSLBP is present in stage‐VI oocytes, but histone mRNA is protected from premature translation by the oocyte‐specific Xenopus SLBP2 (xSLBP2) protein; during maturation xSLBP2 replacement by xSLBP results in histone synthesis. Here, we report the first experimental evidence and characterization of a mammalian SLBP2 ortholog. Bovine bSLBP and bSLBP2 display distinct expression patterns throughout oocyte maturation and pre‐implantation embryo development. From the immature oocyte to the morula, bSLBP2 is concentrated in the nucleus, while it is homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm in mature oocytes. A putative SLBP2 gene is conserved in the genome of several mammalian species, and the corresponding transcripts were detected in rat, dog, horse, and pig oocytes. By contrast, a pseudogene is found in mouse, human, and rabbit. Altogether, our data suggest that the availability of histones in oocytes is regulated by an alternative mechanism in bovine and other species as compared to mouse and frog. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:380–391, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dyspnea in a patient with raynaud's phenomenon: The uncovering of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Coates Anne , Meehan Richard , Milla Carlos
Published: April 2012

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can develop in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) in the context of progressive multiorgan involvement, but ILD can also be the predominant manifestation of active CTD. A high index of suspicion for CTD in patients presenting with pulmonary disease might facilitate timely, accurate diagnosis and management. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:926–927. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in the Kinematics of Restrained and Unrestrained Conditions of Opening for Two Sizes of Glass Jar
Authors: Bush Tamara Reid , Bix Laura , Bello Nora , Fair Joseph
Published: April 2012

Background

Opening glass jars has been noted to be particularly problematic for consumers, leading to many studies related to the opening process. However, most studies place restrictions on jar opening by forcing the jar to remain on the counter or by requiring a specific hand on the closure.

Objective

The objectives of this research were (i) to evaluate the effect of restrained and unrestrained conditions on kinematics of jar opening, (ii) to evaluate the effects of jar diameter on kinematics and (iii) to evaluate how user characteristics (e.g. hand size) are associated with kinematics.

Methods

Kinematic data were collected from 21 participants during two opening conditions using jars with two diameters. Condition 1 restrained the participant by requiring that the jar maintain contact with the counter during the opening procedure. Condition 2 was termed unrestrained and allowed the user to open the jar with no requirements on jar or hand location.

Results

When restrained to a counter, the closure hand produced significantly more rotation compared with the closure hand in the unrestrained condition. Differences were not found in the opening motions when comparing jar diameters. However, hand breadth and length were related to the magnitude of rotation of the closure hand.

Conclusions

Placing restrictions on the participant, the orientation or location of the jar aids data analysis but may yield results that are not indicative of the user's actual jar opening process. Impositions on user positioning should be carefully considered in studies investigating the opening process of glass jars. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐consistent field treatment and analytical energy gradient of local response dispersion method
Authors: Ikabata Yasuhiro , Sato Takeshi , Nakai Hiromi
Published: April 2012

This study presents the self‐consistent field (SCF) treatment of the local response dispersion (LRD) method. The implementation of SCF involves the modification of the Kohn–Sham Fock matrix by adding the dispersion potential. The derivatives of atomic pseudo‐polarizabilities with respect to the density variables, which are required for evaluating the dispersion potential, are efficiently updated in the SCF procedure. Analytical energy gradient of the LRD method is also developed based on the SCF treatment. Numerical assessments of the present treatment clarified that the SCF effect brings about minor changes in both energy and electronic structure. The computational time, and number of SCF iterations, are essentially unaffected by moving from a non‐self‐consistent implementation to a self‐consistent one. For the geometry optimizations for weakly interacting systems, the inclusion of the LRD energy gradients is shown to be essential for accurately demonstrating the intermolecular geometric parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On exponential stability conditions of linear neutral stochastic differential systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Cong S.
Published: April 2012

We consider a class of neutral stochastic systems with time‐varying delay and study the exponential stability in the mean square sense. We derive sufficient stability conditions via applying Lyapunov functional method along with some practical techniques. Firstly, in computing the constructed Lyapunov functional, we make use of some basic rules of Itô calculus to reduce the conservatism produced by noise because it, in principle, plays a negative role for preserving stability in the mean square sense. Also, it is an important observation that, using some slack matrices, we can create convex conditions to accommodate the computation to time‐varying delay. In the sequel, we use a perturbation approach to estimate the decay rate of state and come to the conclusion of stability. Finally, we include an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of the number of spanning regular subgraphs in random graphs
Authors: Gao Pu
Published: April 2012

In this paper, we examine the moments of the number of d ‐factors in
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\mathcal{ G}(n,p)\end{align*} \end{document}
for all p and d satisfying d3 = o(p2n). We also determine the limiting distribution of the number of d ‐factors inside this range with further restriction that
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}(1-p)\sqrt{dn}\to\infty\end{align*} \end{document}
as n →∞.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013
A deep subaqueous fan depositional model for the Palaeoarchaean (3.46 Ga) Marble Bar Cherts, Warrawoona Group, Western Australia
Authors: OLIVIER NICOLAS , DROMART GILLES , COLTICE NICOLAS , FLAMENT NICOLAS , REY PATRICE , SAUVESTRE RÉMI
Published: April 2012

The 3.46 Ga Marble Bar Chert Member of the East Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, is one of the earliest and best-preserved sedimentary successions on Earth. Here, we interpret the finely laminated thin-bedded cherts, mixed conglomeratic beds, chert breccia beds and chert folded beds of the Marble Bar Chert Member as the product of low-density turbidity currents, high-density turbidity currents, mass transport complexes and slumps, respectively. Integrated into a channel-levee depositional model, the Marble Bar Chert Member constitutes the oldest documented deep-sea fan on Earth, with thin-bedded cherts, breccia beds and slumps composing the outer levee facies tracts, and scours and conglomeratic beds representing the channel systems.