bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A política científica e tecnológica e as demandas da inclusão social no governo Lula (2003-2006)
Authors: Serafim Milena Pavan , Dagnino Renato Peixoto
Published: May 2013

Este artigo parte da percepção de que houve um fortalecimento da questão social, em especial da inclusão social, no Governo Lula. Seu objetivo é analisar em que medida a Política Científica e Tecnológica incorporou modificações e/ou preocupações semelhantes em sua agenda. Para tanto, apresentamos a trajetória dessa política, destacando o período mais recente. Ao analisar documentos oficiais e bibliografias especializadas, constatamos que a criação da Secretaria Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para a Inclusão Social deve ser reconhecida como o surgimento de um novo espaço de disputa, ainda que assimétrica e frágil, no qual os atores antes excluídos do processo de conformação da agenda da PCT podem agora tomar parte.
Avaliação da qualidade de atributos específicos de instituições de ensino superior em cursos privados de administração em Joinville, SC
Authors: Mainardes Emerson Wagner , Domingues Maria José Carvalho de Souza
Published: May 2013

Em um mercado de ensino superior competitivo, como é o caso do Brasil, possuir uma imagem de qualidade tem sido fundamental para atrair e reter alunos em uma instituição de ensino superior (IES). Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de atributos específicos das IES que oferecem cursos de graduação em administração em Joinville, SC. Para a realização desta pesquisa, buscaram-se estudos que tratam da qualidade de atributos específicos das organizações educacionais, encontrando-se 13 atributos que medem a qualidade de uma IES, no que se refere especificamente à instituição. Em seguida, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa-descritiva junto aos alunos formandos em duas das cinco IES que oferecem a graduação em administração em Joinville. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado não disfarçado, com perguntas fechadas, junto a 292 formandos destas duas IES. Com os dados coletados, caracterizaram-se os formandos e identificaram-se os atributos com desempenhos mais e menos satisfatórios quanto à qualidade destas IES. Encontrou-se, também, os atributos que mais contribuem para a percepção de qualidade da instituição na visão dos alunos. As IES foram bem avaliadas em termos de qualidade, sendo que a imagem da IES para a comunidade, a qualidade da IES com relação à inovação e com relação ao desenvolvimento de novos cursos são os atributos de melhor desempenho segundo os alunos.
O gerente-ciborgue: metáforas do gestor "pós-humano"
Authors: Tureta César , Tonelli Maria José , Alcadipani Rafael
Published: May 2013

Este ensaio teórico tem por objetivo apresentar a metáfora do gerente-ciborgue como um "instrumento" analítico capaz de apreender as recentes transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho, tomando como referência o redirecionamento do conceito de "social", que considera a coexistência humana como constituída por elementos materiais. As fronteiras que antes demarcavam a divisão entre humanos e não-humanos já não são muito claras, pois os materiais representam elementos indispensáveis para a produção de ações e desempenho de atividades no trabalho. Argumentamos que ampliar o escopo analítico para a participação dos não-humanos nas atividades dos gerentes permite a compreensão de recentes fenômenos que surgem no espaço de trabalho, principalmente àqueles vinculados a novas tecnologias. Concluímos que a análise das relações de trabalho, por meio da metáfora do gerente-ciborgue, possibilita entender alguns aspectos críticos que esse trabalhador tem vivenciado, além de se apresentar como uma lente de análise interessante para futuras investigações empíricas acerca das implicações e alterações que a participação dos elementos não-humanos gera nas atividades dos gerentes.
Essa roupa é a minha cara: a contribuição do vestuário de luxo à construção da auto-imagem dos homossexuais masculinos
Authors: Altaf Joyce Gonçalves , Troccoli Irene Raguenet
Published: May 2013

Apesar da crescente busca de conhecimento sobre o comportamento de determinados sub-grupos, pouco se sabe acerca dos hábitos do consumidor homossexual masculino brasileiro. Com isto em mente, o presente estudo buscou entender a relação entre o construto do auto-conceito e o comportamento do consumidor homossexual masculino no mercado de vestuário de marcas de luxo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, com entrevistas em profundidade, com 12 sujeitos representativos desta sub-cultura, destinadas a captar e a analisar sua percepção a respeito do tema enfocado. Identificou-se que não existe uma unanimidade na forma como o vestuário de luxo pode contribuir para a construção da auto-imagem do consumidor, variando de acordo com a personalidade do indivíduo, com seu momento de vida e, até mesmo, com suas necessidades momentâneas. Por outro lado, ficou claro que o vestuário de luxo é de grande importância para a construção da auto-imagem deste público muito embora a intensidade desta importância varie de indivíduo para indivíduo tendo-se concluído que o auto-conceito influencia diretamente no comportamento de compra do homossexual masculino neste mercado.
Chronotype: a review of the advances, limits and applicability of the main instruments used in the literature to assess human phenotype
Authors: Levandovski Rosa , Sasso Etianne , Hidalgo Maria Paz
Published: May 2013

The study of circadian typology differences has increased in the last few years. As a result, new instruments have been developed to estimate the individual circadian phase of temporal human behavior, also referred as chronotype. The current review was conducted to evaluate the differences among the questionnaires most frequently used to assess chronotype: the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Each instrument evaluates a different aspect of chronotype. MEQ is considered to evaluate the phase preferences of individual behavior over a 24-hour day, while MCTQ measures the phase of sleep positions for both free and work days. CSM is similar to MEQ, but is more sensitive to measure shift work. The concept of chronotype has been used to refer to phase positions or phase preferences in the literature reviewed. Most of the time this is a consequence of different interpretations: it is not clear whether phase preferences are a direct manifestation of the individual’s internal clock or a result of external cues, e.g., social interaction (including the alarm clock). Also, phase preferences are not uniform throughout life. Therefore, a single assessment, not taking age into consideration, will not accurately describe the sample. We suggest that MCTQ is the best instrument for investigators dealing with desynchronization and as an instrument for sleep phase. Conversely, if the goal is to assess characteristics that change under specific situations - chronotype -, the MEQ should be used.
Is it all grist to the mill? Wandering between indications for psychoanalytic treatment and the analytic field
Authors: Gastaud Marina Bento , Goi Julia Domingues , Bassols Ana Margareth , Costa Camila Piva da , Krieger Daniela , Machado Diogo , Costa Felipe Bauer Pinto da , Knijnik Jair , Torres Mariana , Braga Pricilla , Teche Stefania Pigatto , Wellausen Rafael , Eizirik Claudio Laks
Published: May 2013

Determining the indications and contraindications for psychoanalytic treatment seems crucial to achieve therapeutic success and improve treatment effectiveness. In reviewing the classic literature on the topic, aspects such as age, diagnosis, motivation for treatment, present moment in life, ability to gain insight, psychic suffering when seeking treatment, defensive behaviors, and frustration tolerance are clearly analyzed by therapists/analysts when indicating psychoanalytic treatments. However, traditionally, most criteria underlying such indications date back to a time when the therapeutic relationship was viewed merely as a therapist treating a patient, with no regard to the therapeutic relationship itself. The goal of this article was to critically review the relevance and current adequacy of indications for psychoanalytic treatment, in view of advancements in knowledge on the analytic field. Considering cases that do not evolve as expected according to the indications, patients who are better suited to certain therapists, and therapist-patient pairs that modify their interaction over the course of treatment, the main question remains on how to identify the necessary elements in evaluating a candidate patient for psychoanalytic treatment, as well as the significant elements of therapeutic action.
Treating refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: what to do when conventional treatment fails?
Authors: Franz Adelar Pedro , Paim Mariana , Araújo Rafael Moreno de , Rosa Virgínia de Oliveira , Barbosa Ísis Mendes , Blaya Carolina , Ferrão Ygor Arzeno
Published: May 2013

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and impairing condition. A very small percentage of patients become asymptomatic after treatment. The purpose of this paper was to review the alternative therapies available for OCD when conventional treatment fails. Data were extracted from controlled clinical studies (evidence-based medicine) published on the MEDLINE and Science Citation Index/Web of Science databases between 1975 and 2012. Findings are discussed and suggest that clinicians dealing with refractory OCD patients should: 1) review intrinsic phenomenological aspects of OCD, which could lead to different interpretations and treatment choices; 2) review extrinsic phenomenological aspects of OCD, especially family accommodation, which may be a risk factor for non-response; 3) consider non-conventional pharmacological approaches; 4) consider non-conventional psychotherapeutic approaches; and 5) consider neurobiological approaches.
Treatment of female and male inpatient crack users: a qualitative study
Authors: Pedroso Rosemeri Siqueira , Kessler Félix , Pechansky Flavio
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To map treatment trajectories in a sample of male and female crack users through their narratives about the course of treatment seeking and their attempts to access health care services in Brazil. METHODS: Qualitative study of a purposive sample (five female and nine male hospitalized crack users) using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and data explored using content analysis. RESULTS: Respondents reported difficulties getting access to hospitalization, relapse after discharge, and abandonment of treatment. There seems to be a peculiar model of behavior for women and men while dealing with craving for crack: while women got involved with prostitution and consequently became infected with HIV, every men of the sample reported criminal involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between relapse and a social environment conducive to consumption, associated with belief or disbelief in spiritual support, prostitution, and the legal complications arising from the use of crack, are relevant issues and should be taken into consideration in the development of preventive actions aimed at this specific population.
Association between childhood trauma and loss of functionality in adult women with fibromyalgia
Authors: Filippon Ana Paula Mezacaza , Bassani Diego Garcia , Aguiar Rogério Wolf de , Ceitlin Lúcia Helena Freitas
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether history of childhood trauma is associated with loss of functionality in adult women with fibromyalgia (FM). A secondary objective was to assess the presence of differences between depressed and non-depressed adult women with FM in a regression model for functionality. METHODS: A total of 114 adult women with FM according to the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria answered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire. All subjects were interviewed by trained psychiatrists and evaluated for depression using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) - Brazilian version 5.0.0. Correlation and regression models were used to investigate associations between childhood trauma and loss of functionality among patients with FM. The sample was stratified by presence and absence of clinical depression. RESULTS: Overall, childhood trauma was associated with of loss of functionality in adult women with FM. When stratified by depression, the regression model significantly increased the association among non-depressed patients, even after adjustment for age and use of psychotropic medications. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma showed a clinically important association with loss of functionality among adult women with FM. The associations were more pronounced among subjects without comorbid depression.
Sexual dysfunction, depression, and anxiety in young women according to relationship status: an online survey
Authors: Pereira Valeska Martinho , Nardi Antonio Egidio , Silva Adriana Cardoso
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunction is a common, still poorly understood problem among women. Being or not in a relationship seems to be a risk factor for sexual dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presence of sexual problems, anxiety, and depression in young women and to correlate findings with current relationship status (single, in a committed relationship, or married). METHODS: Data were collected trough an online survey from a total of 155 women aged between 20 and 29 years. Sociodemographic data were collected, and both the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and the Female Sexual Function Index were applied. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and groups were compared in 2 x 2 matrices using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Single women showed a significantly higher prevalence of problems in the lubrication (45.3%), orgasm (53.1%), satisfaction (67.2%), and pain (50%) domains and also in total Female Sexual Function Index scores (60.9%) in comparison with the other groups. Additionally, significantly higher depression scores were found among single women (5.89±3.3) in comparison to those in a committed relationship (4.05±2.83). Anxiety scores were similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that single women have a poorer sexual function and are more likely to have mood disorders in comparison to their peers involved in stable relationships.
Translation and adaptation of the Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale-Retrospective: Patient Version to Brazilian portuguese
Authors: Pan Pedro Mario , Jesus Danilo Rocha de , Gadelha Ary , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Correll Christoph U. , Mansur Rodrigo Barbachan , Zugman André , Noto Cristiano , Asevedo Elson de Miranda , Brietzke Elisa
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and often severe mental disease, associated with a significant burden in affected individuals. The characterization of a premorbid (prodromal) period and possible development of preventive interventions are recent advances in this field. Attempts to characterize high-risk stages in BD, identifying symptoms prior to the emergence of a first manic/hypomanic episode, have been limited by a lack of standardized criteria and instruments for assessment. The Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale-Retrospective (BPSS-R), developed by Correll and collaborators, retrospectively evaluates symptoms that occur prior to a first full mood episode in individuals with BD. OBJECTIVE: To describe the translation and adaptation process of the BPSS-R to Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: Translation was conducted as follows: 1) translation of the scale from English to Brazilian Portuguese by authors who have Portuguese as their first language; 2) merging of the two versions by a committee of specialists; 3) back-translation to English by a translator who is an English native speaker; 4) correction of the new version in English by the author of the original scale; 5) finalization of the new version in Brazilian Portuguese. RESULTS: All the steps of the translation process were successfully accomplished, resulting in a final version of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the BPSS-R is a potentially useful instrument to investigate prodromal period of BD in Brazil.
Fatty acid and phospholipase A2 plasma levels in children with autism
Authors: Tostes Márcia Helena Fávero de Souza , Polonini Hudson Caetano , Mendes Rosemeri , Brandão Marcos Antônio Fernandes , Gattaz Wagner Farid , Raposo Nádia Rezende Barbosa
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fatty acid plasma levels, phospholipase A2 activity, and the developmental profiles of children with autism vs. control subjects. METHODS: Twenty four children with autism underwent laboratory analysis for fatty acid quantification using gas chromatography and PLA2 activity determination by fluorometric assay. RESULTS: No correlation was observed between the developmental quotient and fatty acid plasma levels. Phospholipase A2 activity was significantly higher among autistic children compared with controls. CONCLUSION: The study did not show a correlation between fatty acid and phospholipase A2 plasma levels and the developmental profile of children with autism.
The NOMS Framework: Approach to the Treatment of Spinal Metastatic Tumors
Authors: Laufer Ilya , Rubin David G. , Lis Eric , Cox Brett W. , Stubblefield Michael D. , Yamada Yoshiya , Bilsky Mark H.
Published: May 2013

Background.

Spinal metastases frequently arise in patients with cancer. Modern oncology provides numerous treatment options that include effective systemic, radiation, and surgical options. We delineate and provide the evidence for the neurologic, oncologic, mechanical, and systemic (NOMS) decision framework, which is used at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to determine the optimal therapy for patients with spine metastases.

Methods.

We provide a literature review of the integral publications that serve as the basis for the NOMS framework and report the results of systematic implementation of the NOMS-guided treatment.

Results.

The NOMS decision framework consists of the neurologic, oncologic, mechanical, and systemic considerations and incorporates the use of conventional external beam radiation, spinal stereotactic radiosurgery, and minimally invasive and open surgical interventions. Review of radiation oncology and surgical literature that examine the outcomes of treatment of spinal metastatic tumors provides support for the NOMS decision framework. Application of the NOMS paradigm integrates multimodality therapy to optimize local tumor control, pain relief, and restoration or preservation of neurologic function and minimizes morbidity in this often systemically ill patient population.

Conclusion.

NOMS paradigm provides a decision framework that incorporates sentinel decision points in the treatment of spinal metastases. Consideration of the tumor sensitivity to radiation in conjunction with the extent of epidural extension allows determination of the optimal radiation treatment and the need for surgical decompression. Mechanical stability of the spine and the systemic disease considerations further help determine the need and the feasibility of surgical intervention.
Ipilimumab, Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, and Trametinib: Synergistic Competitors in the Clinical Management of BRAF Mutant Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Luke Jason J. , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: May 2013

There have been significant advances in the treatment of malignant melanoma with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of two drugs in 2011, the first drugs approved in 13 years. The developments of immune checkpoint modulation via cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade, with ipilimumab, and targeting of BRAFV600, with vemurafenib or dabrafenib, as well as MEK, with trametinib, have been paradigm changing both for melanoma clinical practice and for oncology therapeutic development. These advancements, however, reveal new clinical questions regarding combinations and optimal sequencing of these agents in patients with BRAF mutant disease. We review the development of these agents, putative biomarkers, and resistance mechanisms relevant to their use, and possibilities for sequencing and combining these agents.
Efficacy and Economic Value of Adjuvant Imatinib for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Rutkowski Piotr , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: May 2013

Objective.

This article presents the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the use of adjuvant imatinib mesylate for treating patients with localized primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and discusses the impact of prolonged treatment with adjuvant imatinib on health care costs.

Methods.

A systematic review of the medical literature was conducted to explore recently reported clinical trials demonstrating the clinical benefit of adjuvant imatinib in GISTs, along with analyses discussing the economic impact of adjuvant imatinib.

Results.

Two phase III trials have demonstrated a significant clinical benefit of adjuvant imatinib treatment in GIST patients at risk of recurrence after tumor resection. Guidelines now suggest adjuvant treatment for at least 3 years in patients at high risk of recurrence. Despite this clinical effectiveness, prolonged use of adjuvant imatinib can lead to an increase in the risk for adverse events and to increased costs for both patients and health care systems. However, the increased cost is partially offset by cost reductions associated with delayed or avoided GIST recurrences. Three years of adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients was concluded to be cost-effective. Therefore, the careful selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment can lead to improved clinical outcomes and significant cost savings.

Conclusion.

Although introducing adjuvant imatinib has an economic impact on health plans, this effect seems to be limited. Several analyses have demonstrated that adjuvant imatinib is more cost-effective for treating localized primary GISTs than surgery alone. In addition, 3 years of adjuvant imatinib is more cost-effective than 1 year of adjuvant therapy.
Computing flood risk in areas protected by flood defences
Authors: Harvey Hamish , Hall Jim , Manning Lucy
Published: May 2013

Risk analysis of areas protected by flood defence systems involves probabilistic analysis of a large number of scenarios in which one or more of the defence sections that make up the system has failed. In systems with large numbers of defence sections, the computational expense of this calculation can be prohibitive. When the probability of failure of each defence section is not negligibly small, sampling approaches that are now in widespread use may not converge on a stable risk estimate in reasonable computational time. To overcome this worrying limitation, this paper reformulates the flood risk calculation in terms of the cumulative distribution function of the volume of floodwater entering a floodplain. An algorithm is presented whose computational expense scales linearly with the number of sections in the flood defence system. The approach is applied to flood risk analysis in areas protected by extensive systems of flood defences in the Thames estuary, revealing how flood risk varies depending on the characteristics of the flood defence system and floodplain topography. It opens up the possibility of more exhaustive risk-based appraisal and uncertainty analysis of flood risk management options than have hitherto been feasible.
A Complete Petrophysical-Evaluation Method for Tight Formations From Drill Cuttings Only in the Absence of Well Logs
Authors: Ortega Camilo , Aguilera Roberto
Published: May 2013

The amount of tight-formation petrophysical work conducted at present in horizontal wells and the examples available in the literature are limited to only those wells that have complete data sets. This is very important. But the reality is that in the vast majority of horizontal wells, the data required for detailed analyses are quite scarce. Petrophysical evaluation in the absence of well logs and cores can now be considered owing to the possibility of measuring both the permeability and porosity of drill cuttings. This is essential because the application of the successive correlations used throughout the paper is based on porosity and permeability data.

To try to alleviate the data-scarcity problem, a new method is presented for complete petrophysical evaluation derived from information that can be extracted from drill cuttings in the absence of well logs. The cuttings data include porosity and permeability. The gamma ray and any other logs, if available, can help support the interpretation. However, the methodology is built strictly on data extracted from cuttings and can be used for horizontal, slanted, and vertical wells. The method is illustrated with the use of a tight gas formation in the Deep basin of the western Canada sedimentary basin (WCSB). However, it also has direct application in the case of liquids.

The method is shown to be a powerful petrophysical tool because it allows quantitative evaluation of water saturation, pore-throat aperture, capillary pressure, flow units, porosity (or cementation) exponent m, true-formation resistivity, and distance to a water table (if present). Also, the method allows one to distinguish the contributions from viscous and diffusion-like flow in tight gas formations. The method further allows the construction of Pickett plots without previous availability of well logs, and it assumes the existence of intervals at irreducible water saturation, which is the case of many tight formations currently under exploitation.

It is concluded that drill cuttings are a powerful direct source of information that allows complete and practical evaluation of tight reservoirs in which well logs are scarce. The uniqueness and practicality of this quantitative procedure originate from the fact that it starts only from the laboratory analysis of drill cuttings—something that has not been performed in the past.
An Estimate of the Near-Term Electricity-Generation Potential of Coproduced Water From Active Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Augustine Chad , Falkenstern David
Published: May 2013

This study estimates the near-term market electricity-generation potential of water produced as a byproduct from active oil and gas operations. A geographic information system (GIS) was developed to combine oil- and gas-well location, depth, and water-production information from 2.5 million wells (half a million of which were identified as active, producing wells) with geothermal-resource maps and to estimate the power-generation potential of the coproduction resource. The study found that the near-term market potential for the coproduction resource from active oil and gas wells is approximately 300 MW of electrical output (MWe), which is less than suggested in previous studies.
Operational Control and Managing Change: The Integration of Nontechnical Skills With Workplace Procedures
Authors: Thorogood J.L.. L. , Crichton M.T.. T.
Published: May 2013

Some of the common pitfalls and problems associated with managing operations are discussed, with suggestions about how these can be addressed. Existing literature on human error, operational decision making, and industrial psychology is combined with the authors' experiences in researching these problems and working with operations teams. The nontechnical skills required to manage operations effectively are described together with the organizational structures and work processes that best support operations. Techniques for training teams and helping them to develop the competencies to manage operations safely and to deal with uncertainty are explained.

Mindful that “proper planning prevents poor performance,” engineers go to considerable lengths to create quality plans. A structured well-delivery process is followed, complete with peer reviews, risk assessments, and technical sign-offs. Deliverables include statements of requirements, basis-of-design documents, hazard identification (HAZID) sessions, drill-the-well-on-paper meetings, and a drilling program.

Despite these preparations, teams make decisions during operations with sometimes costly consequences, especially when surprised by an unexpected event or when facing high levels of uncertainty. This problem is not unusual and typically occurs when a project team fails to prepare and actively manage its transition from planning to operations, and to anticipate the necessary change in the functions of the team. Planning and operations require completely different mindsets. The lack of preparation for this transition stems from a common assumption that the team that has performed the planning is more than capable of managing a dynamic operation effectively. Research has identified that two different modes are required—during the planning phase, teams produce a plan designed to solve a problem, whereas during operations the team has to manage a task requiring the ability to adapt dynamically to shifting demands of the situation.

Effective operations management requires both a high degree of operational discipline and teams that are skilled in dealing with the unexpected and making decisions in time-constrained situations. These skills are not intuitive and must be taught, trained, practiced, and assessed. The protocols and decision rights must be clear, and the team must be trained so that it executes these functions in a fluent and competent manner.

The oil industry lacks an international regulatory framework enjoyed by aviation. It lacks even basic standardization about how rigs are operated, wells are drilled, and operations are monitored. These are essential prerequisites for an environment within which a standardized operational discipline can be developed and implemented. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to propose a framework for operational governance within which the development of nontechnical-skills training can be built.
Hospital Chaplains and Embodied Listening: Engaging with Stories and the Body in Healthcare Environments
Authors: Mundle Robert G. , Smith Brett
Published: May 2013

This article illuminates how a largely overlooked group of healthcare professionals—hospital chaplains—engage in listening, along with what they perceive it means to listen well. The analysis of data generated reveals that engaging in listening, and doing this well, is for chaplains about inhabiting a relational body that includes: (a) being at eye level in relation to the other person; (b) making eye contact with the other; (c) understanding emotions as embodied narrative plots; (d) being still; and (e) distancing themselves from religion. The article closes with some critical reflections on listening and preparing our bodies to listen well.
Vigils for the Dying: Origin and Functions of a Persistent Tradition
Authors: Kellehear Allan
Published: May 2013

This article argues that vigils for the dying owe their origins to traditional wake behavior. By viewing vigils for the dying as wake behavior, the different social conduct observed around vigils for the dying can be viewed more systematically and predictably. Vigils represent so much more than ways to manage loss and grief or to shore up support at a difficult time for the dying and their families. Vigils help establish the reality of death, protect and advocate for the dying person, and can express dissent and re-exert control over the circumstances of dying and death. The implications of these various social functions are discussed in relation to their conceptual limitations and implications for further empirical research.
Bereaved Mothers Navigating the Impact of Their Loss
Authors: Tan P. Philip , Ketola Jarline
Published: May 2013

Nineteen mothers whose children had died were interviewed to examine their bereavement and how they were coping with the loss of their children. The data collected revealed that the mothers were traumatized by the deaths of their children. Each bereaved mother reported that her world was not the same again. In the beginning they felt totally crushed. Some of the mothers had suicidal ideation. With the passing of time, their grief—which had once seemed unbearable—turned to manageable sorrow. The mothers, however, thought that any closure regarding their bereavement was impossible. They continued to feel close to their deceased children as they treasured the memories of their children. These mothers also reported to envisage connection to their children through various means.
Linear No-Threshold Model vs. Radiation Hormesis
Authors: Doss Mohan
Published: May 2013

The atomic bomb survivor cancer mortality data have been used in the past to justify the use of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model for estimating the carcinogenic effects of low dose radiation. An analysis of the recently updated atomic bomb survivor cancer mortality dose-response data shows that the data no longer support the LNT model but are consistent with a radiation hormesis model when a correction is applied for a likely bias in the baseline cancer mortality rate. If the validity of the phenomenon of radiation hormesis is confirmed in prospective human pilot studies, and is applied to the wider population, it could result in a considerable reduction in cancers. The idea of using radiation hormesis to prevent cancers was proposed more than three decades ago, but was never investigated in humans to determine its validity because of the dominance of the LNT model and the consequent carcinogenic concerns regarding low dose radiation. Since cancer continues to be a major health problem and the age-adjusted cancer mortality rates have declined by only ∼10% in the past 45 years, it may be prudent to investigate radiation hormesis as an alternative approach to reduce cancers. Prompt action is urged.
Spring and summer patterns in flowering onset, duration, and constancy across a water‐limited gradient
Authors: Crimmins Theresa M. , Crimmins Michael A. , Bertelsen C. David
Published: May 2013

• Premise of the study: Community‐level flowering patterns can be characterized by onset, duration, and end as well as constancy, the degree to which species commence, cease, and reinitiate flowering within a season. In the mountainous Sky Islands region of the southwestern United States, flowering onset is clearly influenced by elevation in the spring, but much less so in the summer season. We evaluated whether these flowering metrics reflect these dissimilar patterns between distinct spring and summer seasons regarding the influence of the elevation and moisture gradient.

• Methods: We characterized flowering onset, end, duration, and constancy by plant functional type and their relationships to climate variables in spring and summer. We also evaluated the influence of climate on seasonal flowering patterns.

• Key results: Gaps in seasonal flowering occur frequently in this system in both seasons and among all plant functional types. In both seasons, annual plants exhibit the shortest flowering durations and highest constancies, and plants at low elevations, inhabiting environments with variable moisture conditions, show a greater tendency for longer flowering durations and lower constancy than high‐elevation plants. Spring flowering characteristics are most influenced by the total amount of October–March precipitation as well as temperatures in these months, whereas summer flowering characteristics are influenced by the timing of summer‐season precipitation, and next by the total amount of summer precipitation.

• Conclusions: Flowering metrics, especially constancy and duration, show similar patterns in spring and summer and vary across elevation and moisture gradients. These patterns have substantial implications for plant and animal communities.
The phylogeny of the European high mountain genus Adenostyles (Asteraceae‐Senecioneae) reveals that edaphic shifts coincide with dispersal events
Authors: Dillenberger Markus S. , Kadereit Joachim W.
Published: May 2013

• Premise of the study: Heterogeneity of edaphic conditions plays a large role in driving the diversification of many plant groups. In the Alps and other European high mountains, many closely related calcicole and calcifuge plant taxa exist. To better understand patterns and processes of edaphic differentiation, the phylogeny of the edaphically variable genus Adenostyles was studied. The genus contains three species, of which A. alpina has five subspecies. Each species and subspecies is largely confined to either calcareous or noncalcareous substrates.

• Methods: We analyzed the phylogeny of Adenostyles using DNA sequences of nrITS, nrETS, nuclear chalcone synthase, and three plastid markers (rpl32‐trnL, psbA‐trnH, and ndhF‐rpl32) from 45 in‐group and five out‐group samples. The phylogeny was used to reconstruct ancestral edaphic associations and distribution areas.

• Key results: Within Adenostyles alpina, the shifts of edaphic association from calcicole to calcifuge in subsp. briquetii (Corsica) and in a clade of subsp. macrocephala (southernmost Italy) plus subsp. pyrenaica (Pyrenees) coincide with dispersal events.

• Conclusions: We conclude that colonization of areas with novel edaphic conditions via dispersal can trigger shifts of edaphic association. Accordingly, edaphic niche shifts can result from chance events.
Le « scandale d'une véritable christologie » (Karl Barth). ( Das Ärgernis einer wirklichen Christologie ). Penser Dieu révélé en Jésus
Authors: Holzer Vincent
Published: May 2013

Il est assez rare que la christologie soit intégrée à la compréhension et à la résolution du rapport entre philosophie et théologie. En effet, l’intégration de la christologie à la « résolution » d’un problème d’ordre philosophique pose en soi difficulté, car il porte les germes inévitables et équivoques d’un « philosophisme » christologique dont ne saurait se satisfaire la doctrine de foi. Une christologie a priori (Idée du Christ) est toujours tentante. Elle encourt le risque de n’être qu’un chiffre de l’anthropologie qui se transcende. Or, la dimension sotériologique est indissociable de la christologie chrétienne. Elle l’est d’autant plus qu’elle plonge ses racines dans des sources vétérotestamentaires, pour s’épanouir dans les christologies néotestamentaires qu’unifie la confession de foi dans la Seigneurie du Christ glorifié. Aucune possibilité d’échappatoire ne saurait s’offrir à une christologie qui veut rester chrétienne, c’est-à-dire enracinée dans l’Écriture de la promesse. La question est plutôt de savoir ce que la confession de foi dans la Seigneurie du Christ éclaire et fonde quant à notre intelligence de la réalité comme telle, surtout si l’on admet, en reprenant une proposition inattendue de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, que « l’Incarnation change tout » ( Sens et non-sens , Paris, Nagel, 1948 ; repris par Gallimard, 1997, « foi et bonne foi », p. 310-311 ; 212-213). La prise en charge philosophique de l’Incarnation ne signifie pas nécessairement une conceptualisation de l’Incarnation, mais une interprétation philosophique du phénomène de l’Incarnation. Merleau-Ponty ne vide pas l’Incarnation de sa dimension phénoménale. Elle est intégrée comme une composante intelligible de l’« entrelacs » ou du « chiasme » qui caractérise la raison perceptive, autrement dit une raison qui ne s’absolutise pas et qui demeure ouverte au « sens primitif de l’Être ». Cette « ouverture à l’être » est identique à ce que Merleau-Ponty appelle, dans le Visible et l’invisible , la « foi perceptive ». Dans cette étude, je me propose d’apporter un éclairage christologique à la question du rapport entre philosophie et théologie en mettant cette question à l’épreuve d’une célèbre proposition de Karl Barth selon laquelle Schleiermacher ne serait pas parvenu, dans sa conception des rapports de l’homme à Dieu, à honorer le « scandale d’une véritable christologie ».
Malheurs et défis de la raison théologique : Ratio et idée de la foi chez Pierangelo Sequeri
Authors: Sèbe Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2013

L’article se propose d’examiner les effets de l’appel de Benoît XVI à « élargir les espaces de rationalité sous le signe d’une foi amie de l’intelligence » en lisant l’œuvre du théologien milanais P. Sequeri. Ce théologien traverse la tradition chrétienne en constatant que les relations entre foi et raison ne sont jamais parvenues à établir clairement un discours satisfaisant sur un fondement anthropologique du croire. Raison et foi ont laissé beaucoup d’énergie à délimiter leur influence. Sequeri plaide pour une réhabilitation anthropologique du croire comme lieu convergent des efforts mutuels de la foi et de la raison.
Éloge de la métaphysique en christianisme
Authors: Capelle Philippe
Published: May 2013

Comment et pourquoi le christianisme a-t-il fait surgir en son sein une lignée « métaphysique » ? L’article s’efforce sous le mode de l’éloge, de montrer comment toute tentative de clarifier ce qu’il faut bien appeler la tradition chrétienne de la métaphysique doit passer par une réflexion renouvelée sur la question du « principe », ainsi que S. Breton s’y était engagé, mais aussi sur le statut de l’antique et moderne «  philosophia christiana  ». Il s’achève par la reprise de la notion de création, faisant valoir ses implications au bénéfice d’une pensée philosophique de l’alliance.
Dieu et l'ambivalence de l'être
Authors: Marion Jean-Luc
Published: May 2013

Faut-il aborder la nomination de Dieu à partir de l’être ou en s’exceptant de cet horizon ? Avant de choisir entre Dieu sans l’être et Dieu avec l’être , il faut au moins préciser ce qu’on pourrait entendre sous le titre d’être. Depuis les analyses de Heidegger, il apparaît plus clairement qu’être peut se penser soit selon la subsistance dans le présent, soit en vue de l’advenue du présent par l’avenir. Si la première manière conduit à restreindre le Dieu de la Révélation à son idole métaphysique, doit-on penser qu’en retour la deuxième manière permettrait d’accepter l’advenue du Dieu révélé en Jésus-Christ ? Pareille hypothèse impliquerait-elle à son tour quelque chose comme une approche chrétienne de l’advenue du présent ?
An Essential Role for C5aR Signaling in the Optimal Induction of a Malaria-Specific CD4+ T Cell Response by a Whole-Killed Blood-Stage Vaccine
Authors: Liu Taiping , Xu Guilian , Guo Bo , Fu Yong , Qiu Yuan , Ding Yan , Zheng Hong , Fu Xiaolan , Wu Yuzhang , Xu Wenyue
Published: May 2013

The protective immunity induced by the whole-killed parasite vaccine against malarial blood-stage infection is dependent on the CD4+ T cell response. However, the mechanism underlying this robust CD4+ T cell response elicited by the whole-killed parasite vaccine is still largely unknown. In this study, we observe that immunization with Plasmodium yoelii–parasitized RBC lysate activates complement C5 and generates C5a. However, the protective efficacy against P. yoelii 17XL challenge is considerably reduced, and the malaria-specific CD4+ T cell activation and memory T cell differentiation are largely suppressed in the C5aR-deficient (C5aR−/−) mice. An adoptive transfer assay demonstrates that the reduced protection of C5aR−/− mice is closely associated with the severely impaired CD4+ T cell response. This is further confirmed by the fact that administration of C5aR antagonist significantly reduces the protective efficacy of the immunized B cell–deficient mice. Further study indicates that the defective CD4+ T cell response in C5aR−/− mice is unlikely involved in the expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, but strongly linked to a defect in dendritic cell (DC) maturation and the ability to allostimulate CD4+ T cells. These results demonstrate that C5aR signaling is essential for the optimal induction of the malaria-specific CD4+ T cell response by the whole-killed parasite vaccine through modulation of DCs function, which provides us with new clues to design an effective blood-stage subunit vaccine and helps us to understand the mechanism by which the T cell response is regulated by the complement system.
Thymic Damage, Impaired Negative Selection, and Development of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Caused by Donor CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Wu Tao , Young James S. , Johnston Heather , Ni Xiong , Deng Ruishu , Racine Jeremy , Wang Miao , Wang Audrey , Todorov Ivan , Wang Jianmin , Zeng Defu
Published: May 2013

Prevention of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major challenge in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) owing to limited understanding of cGVHD pathogenesis and lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, we report that, in classical acute GVHD models with C57BL/6 donors and MHC-mismatched BALB/c recipients and with C3H.SW donors and MHC-matched C57BL/6 recipients, GVHD recipients surviving for >60 d after HCT developed cGVHD characterized by cutaneous fibrosis, tissue damage in the salivary gland, and the presence of serum autoantibodies. Donor CD8+ T cells were more potent than CD4+ T cells for inducing cGVHD. The recipient thymus and de novo–generated, donor-derived CD4+ T cells were required for induction of cGVHD by donor CD8+ T cells but not by donor CD4+ T cells. Donor CD8+ T cells preferentially damaged recipient medullary thymic epithelial cells and impaired negative selection, resulting in production of autoreactive CD4+ T cells that perpetuated damage to the thymus and augmented the development of cGVHD. Short-term anti-CD4 mAb treatment early after HCT enabled recovery from thymic damage and prevented cGVHD. These results demonstrate that donor CD8+ T cells cause cGVHD solely through thymic-dependent mechanisms, whereas CD4+ T cells can cause cGVHD through either thymic-dependent or independent mechanisms.
Advanced 3D Food Printing with Simultaneous Cooking and Generative AI Design
Authors: Lee Connie Kong Wai , Xu Yang , Yuan Qiaoyaxiao , Chan Yee Him , Poon Wing Yan , Zhong Haosong , Chen Siyu , Li Mitch Guijun
Published: February 2025

3D food printing is an indispensable technology for emerging food technologies. However, conventional nonconcurrent postprocessing methods limit the final food quality, including the unappealing nature of food ink modification, imperfections in retaining the desired food shape, and the risk of microbial contamination. Here, an artificial intelligence (AI)‐enhanced solution is developed to achieve extrusion‐based printing with simultaneous infrared heating, enabling in‐line and rapid cooking of complex starch‐based food. Noncontact graphene heaters as cooking sources present outstanding food quality control with microbial studies, microstructure analysis, and heat transfer simulation models. This integrative 3D food printing method with AI‐enhanced food pattern generation and in‐situ cooking significantly expands the applications for customized food creation. It paves the way for the broader adoption of heating‐based 3D printing of functional materials.
Asymmetric Triple‐Atom Sites Combined with Oxygen Vacancy for Selective Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Propionic Acid
Authors: Su Haiwei , Yin Haibo , Orbell William , Li Yuqing , Wang Guoliang , Wang Yunlong , Mori Kohsuke , Chen Zhen , Li Hexing , Yamashita Hiromi , Li Junhua
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon products is an emerging approach for achieving carbon neutrality; however, the design of active sites that effectively promote multistep C‐C coupling remains a challenge. Here, we propose a straightforward defect engineering approach to construct asymmetric triple‐atom sites (Cu‐Cuδ+‐Wδ+) on CuWO4 with oxygen vacancies (OVs) (named CWO‐OVs). The optimized CWO‐OVs achieve a photochemical synthesis rate of propionic acid (C3H6O2, PA) of 86.46 ± 2.92 μmol g−1 h−1, with an electron‐based selectivity of 89.27%, which exhibits a remarkable advantage in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2+ products. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations corroborate the prominent role of OVs in inducing the triple‐atom sites: (1) the asymmetric Cu‐Cuδ+ triggers the first step of C1‐C1 coupling to form *CH2CH3; (2) Cuδ+‐Wδ+ facilitates subsequent C2‐C1 bonding, ultimately leading to PA production. This charge‐asymmetric cascade reaction system offers new insights into the design of efficient photocatalysts for the synthesis of multi‐carbon products.