bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-state quantum simulations via model-space quantum imaginary time evolution
Authors: Tsuchimochi Takashi , Ryo Yoohee , Tsang Siu Chung , Ten-no Seiichiro L.
Published: November 2023

We introduce the framework of model space into quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) to enable stable estimation of ground and excited states using a quantum computer. Model-space QITE (MSQITE) propagates a model space to the exact one by retaining its orthogonality, and hence is able to describe multiple states simultaneously. The quantum Lanczos (QLanczos) algorithm is extended to MSQITE to accelerate the convergence. The present scheme is found to outperform both the standard QLanczos and the recently proposed folded-spectrum QITE in simulating excited states. Moreover, we demonstrate that spin contamination can be effectively removed by shifting the imaginary time propagator, and thus excited states with a particular spin quantum number are efficiently captured without falling into the different spin states that have lower energies. We also investigate how different levels of the unitary approximation employed in MSQITE can affect the results. The effectiveness of the algorithm over QITE is demonstrated by noise simulations for the H4model system.
DeepPatent2: A Large-Scale Benchmarking Corpus for Technical Drawing Understanding
Authors: Ajayi Kehinde , Wei Xin , Gryder Martin , Shields Winston , Wu Jian , Jones Shawn M. , Kucer Michal , Oyen Diane
Published: November 2023

Recent advances in computer vision (CV) and natural language processing have been driven by exploiting big data on practical applications. However, these research fields are still limited by the sheer volume, versatility, and diversity of the available datasets. CV tasks, such as image captioning, which has primarily been carried out on natural images, still struggle to produce accurate and meaningful captions on sketched images often included in scientific and technical documents. The advancement of other tasks such as 3D reconstruction from 2D images requires larger datasets with multiple viewpoints. We introduce DeepPatent2, a large-scale dataset, providing more than 2.7 million technical drawings with 132,890 object names and 22,394 viewpoints extracted from 14 years of US design patent documents. We demonstrate the usefulness of DeepPatent2 with conceptual captioning. We further provide the potential usefulness of our dataset to facilitate other research areas such as 3D image reconstruction and image retrieval.
A novel model for predicting the prognosis of postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Lv Yinghao , Liu Hu , He Penghui , Xie Sinan , Yin Xiuchun , Cai Yunshi , Wu Hong
Published: November 2023

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for 20% of liver malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of 35% at best with limited prognostic predictors. Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is a novel prognostic factor in pulmonary cancers. In this study, we developed a modified prognostic model from LIPI called intrahepatic immune prognostic index (IIPI) for ICC. A retrospectively study was conducted at Liver Transplant Center of West China Hospital between January 2015 and January 2023. Hematological factors and clinical features of ICC patients were collected and analyzed. The area under curve (AUC) and optimal cuff-off of each single hematological factor was calculated. In this study, derived neurtrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), arbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have higher AUC values. LIPI was composed of dNLR and was further modified by combing CA199 and CEA, forming the IIPI. The IIPI consists of four grades which are None, Light, Moderate and Severe. Compared to other prognostic factors, IIPI exhibited better ability to predict overall survival. The multivariate analysis indicated that cirrhosis, differentiation, hilar invasion and IIPI were independent prognostic factors for ICC patients. An IIPI-based nomogram was also established and could predict the overall survival. In addition, the subgroup analyses based on clinical prognostic factors showed that the IIPI exhibited excellent prognostic influence. IIPI model is suitable for predicting the prognosis of postoperative ICC patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between postoperative recurrence and metastasis of ICC patients and IIPI.
Ni/Mn metal–organic framework decorated bacterial cellulose (Ni/Mn-MOF@BC) and nickel foam (Ni/Mn-MOF@NF) as a visible-light photocatalyst and supercapacitive electrode
Authors: Ebrahimi-Koodehi Soheila , Ghodsi Farhad Esmaeili , Mazloom Jamal
Published: November 2023

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and hybrids with biomaterial are broadly investigated for a variety of applications. In this work, a novel dual-phase MOF has been grown on bacterial cellulose (BC) as a biopolymer nano-fibrous film (Ni/Mn-MOF@BC), and nickel foam (Ni/Mn-MOF@NF) using a simple reflux method to explore their potential for photocatalyst and energy storage applications. The studies showed that the prepared Mn and Ni/Mn-MOFs display different structures. Besides, the growth of MOFs on BC substantially changed the morphology of the samples by reducing their micro sized scales to nanoparticles. The nanosized MOF particles grown on BC served as a visible-light photocatalytic material. Regarding the high surface area of BC and the synergistic effect of two metal ions, Ni/Mn-MOF@BC with a lower band gap demonstrates remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency (ca. 84% within 3 h) against methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light, and the catalyst retained 65% of its initial pollutant removal properties after four cycles of irradiation. Besides, MOF powders deposited on nickel foam have been utilized as highly capacitive electrochemical electrodes. There, Ni/Mn-MOF@NF electrode also possesses outstanding electrochemical properties, showing a specific capacitance of 2769 Fg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1, and capacity retention of 94% after 1000 cycles at 10 Ag−1.
Development and validation of a prognostic model of survival for classic heatstroke patients: a multicenter study
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Donglin , Wu Zongqian , Zhong Chuan , Tang Shengjie , Hu Haiyang , Lin Pei , Yang Xianqing , Liu Jiangming , He Xinyi , Zhou Haining , Liu Fake
Published: November 2023

Classic heatstroke (CHS) is a life-threatening illness characterized by extreme hyperthermia, dysfunction of the central nervous system and multiorgan failure. Accurate predictive models are useful in the treatment decision-making process and risk stratification. This study was to develop and externally validate a prediction model of survival for hospitalized patients with CHS. In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients with CHS who were hospitalized from June 2022 to September 2022 at 3 hospitals in Southwest Sichuan (training cohort) and 1 hospital in Central Sichuan (external validation cohort). Prognostic factors were identified utilizing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis in the training cohort. A predictive model was developed based on identified prognostic factors, and a nomogram was built for visualization. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) and the calibration curve were utilized to assess the prognostic performance of the model in both the training and external validation cohorts. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used to calculate survival rates. A total of 225 patients (median age, 74 [68–80] years) were included. Social isolation, self-care ability, comorbidities, body temperature, heart rate, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), procalcitonin (PCT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and diarrhea were found to have a significant or near-significant association with worse prognosis among hospitalized CHS patients. The AUCs of the model in the training and validation cohorts were 0.994 (95% [CI], 0.975–0.999) and 0.901 (95% [CI], 0.769–0.968), respectively. The model's prediction and actual observation demonstrated strong concordance on the calibration curve regarding 7-day survival probability. According to K‒M survival plots, there were significant differences in survival between the low-risk and high-risk groups in the training and external validation cohorts. We designed and externally validated a prognostic prediction model for CHS. This model has promising predictive performance and could be applied in clinical practice for managing patients with CHS.
Investigation of N-polar InGaN growth on misoriented ScAlMgO4 substrates
Authors: Najmi Mohammed A. , Kirilenko Pavel , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro
Published: November 2023

We report the growth of N-polar InGaN layers on misoriented ScAlMgO4 (SAM) substrates with offset of 0.3 to 5.8° toward the m-plane. The surface of N-polar InGaN with small-offset substrates exhibited hexagonal hillocks similar to those commonly observed in N-polar GaN layers. Larger misorientation angles resulted in smoother surfaces of the InGaN layers. In contrast, the crystalline quality of InGaN indicated an opposite trend with significantly improved quality observed at smaller misorientation angles. We obtained an unprecedented crystalline quality of N-polar InGaN using SAM substrates with a 0.5° offset, which exhibited a $${000}\overline{2}$$

000

2
¯

X-ray rocking curve full width at half maximum value of 223 arcsec. The crystalline quality and surface morphology of InGaN were significantly influenced by the step surface of substrates according to atomic force microscopy observations.
Structure and stability of different triplets involving artificial nucleobases: clues for the formation of semisynthetic triple helical DNA
Authors: Jena N. R. , Shukla P. K.
Published: November 2023

A triple helical DNA can control gene expression, help in homologous recombination, induce mutations to facilitate DNA repair mechanisms, suppress oncogene formations, etc. However, the structure and function of semisynthetic triple helical DNA are not known. To understand this, various triplets formed between eight artificial nucleobases (P, Z, J, V, B, S, X, and K) and four natural DNA bases (G, C, A, and T) are studied herein by employing a reliable density functional theoretic (DFT) method. Initially, the triple helix-forming artificial nucleobases interacted with the duplex DNA containing GC and AT base pairs, and subsequently, triple helix-forming natural bases (G and C) interacted with artificial duplex DNA containing PZ, JV, BS, and XK base pairs. Among the different triplets formed in the first category, the C-JV triplet is found to be the most stable with a binding energy of about − 31 kcal/mol. Similarly, among the second category of triplets, the Z-GC and V-GC triplets are the most stable. Interestingly, Z-GC and V-GC are found to be isoenergetic with a binding energy of about − 30 kcal/mol. The C-JV, and Z-GC or V-GC triplets are about 12–14 kcal/mol more stable than the JV and GC base pairs respectively. Microsolvation of these triplets in 5 explicit water molecules further enhanced their stability by 16–21 kcal/mol. These results along with the consecutive stacking of the C-JV triplet (C-JV/C-JV) data indicate that the synthetic nucleobases can form stable semisynthetic triple helical DNA. However, consideration of a full-length DNA containing one or more semisynthetic bases or base pairs is necessary to understand the formation of semisynthetic DNA in living cells.
A Drosophila model relevant to chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment
Authors: Torre Matthew , Bukhari Hassan , Nithianandam Vanitha , Zanella Camila A. , Mata Douglas A. , Feany Mel B.
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common adverse effect of treatment and is characterized by deficits involving multiple cognitive domains including memory. Despite the significant morbidity of CRCI and the expected increase in cancer survivors over the coming decades, the pathophysiology of CRCI remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for new model systems to study CRCI. Given the powerful array of genetic approaches and facile high throughput screening ability inDrosophila, our goal was to validate aDrosophilamodel relevant to CRCI. We administered the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin to adultDrosophila. Neurologic deficits were observed with all tested chemotherapies, with doxorubicin and in particular cisplatin also resulting in memory deficits. We then performed histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of cisplatin-treatedDrosophilatissue, demonstrating neuropathologic evidence of increased neurodegeneration, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Thus, ourDrosophilamodel relevant to CRCI recapitulates clinical, radiologic, and histologic alterations reported in chemotherapy patients. Our newDrosophilamodel can be used for mechanistic dissection of pathways contributing to CRCI (and chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity more generally) and pharmacologic screens to identify disease-modifying therapies.
Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma and autologous-serum eye drops for dry eye in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a randomized trial
Authors: Kang Min-Ji , Lee Jee Hye , Hwang Jehyung , Chung So-Hyang
Published: November 2023

We compared the efficacy and safety of autologous-serum (AS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drops for dry eye (DE) treatment in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). This prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study included patients diagnosed with primary SS DE. Thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to the AS or PRP groups. Corneal and conjunctival staining scores, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks. Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) metaplasia grade and goblet cell density grade at 12 weeks were compared with those at baseline. Corneal and conjunctival staining scores and TBUT significantly improved at 4 and 12 weeks in both groups (all p < 0.005). No significant difference between the AS and PRP groups was observed at 4 and 12 weeks. The Schirmer I values, OSDI scores, CIC metaplasia grade, and goblet cell density grade did not significantly change at 4 and 12 weeks in either group. Both AS and PRP eye drops are effective for primary SS DE without a significant difference. Considering that the preparation time of PRP is shorter than that of AS, PRP can be a good alternative treatment for primary SS DE.
A comprehensive analysis of multi-circulatory disorders in early pressure injury and their diagnostic significance in rat models
Authors: Chen Lu , Takashi En , Kamijo Akio , Miura Daiji , Lu Jian , Zhang Lan , Ten Hirotomo , Fan Jianglin
Published: November 2023

Early pressure injury (PI) progression is associated with multi-circulatory disorders and they interplay with each other, resulting in a lack of a satisfactory diagnostic method. We generated early PI and blanchable erythema hairless rat models. Transparent disc method and capillary refilling time test (CRTT) results were recorded with ultraviolet camera to capture the dynamics changes, and the blanching index and refilling index were set for comprehensive analysis. The deteriorated areas of early PI showed non-blanchable erythema (NBE) and an increase in erythema at 0.5 and 6 h with the transparent disc method. CRTT showed a marked refilling delay at 12 h. The comprehensive analysis of blanching index and refilling index showed a significant change in erythema from NBE at 0.5 h and ischemia progressing to hemorrhage at 18 h. There was also a marked difference in the deteriorating and improving areas within the same erythema. Pathological analysis showed inflammatory cell infiltration, with marked edema accompanied by increased hemorrhage and tissue necrosis. Furthermore, small arteries and veins with thrombosis and microthrombi were observed. Consistent ischemia after decompression and subsequent hemorrhage are important indicators, and comprehensive analysis can help increase the positive diagnosis rate over that for other circulatory disorders alone.
Transcriptomics profile of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ambient fine particles and influenza virus (H3N2)
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Yinbiao , Zhang Rui , Wang Shaolan , Li Juan , An Zhen , Song Jie , Wu Weidong
Published: November 2023

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution remains a major threat to public health. As the physical barrier against inhaled air pollutants, airway epithelium is a primary target for PM2.5 and influenza viruses, two major environmental insults. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 and influenza viruses may interact to aggravate airway inflammation, an essential event in the pathogenesis of diverse pulmonary diseases. Airway epithelium plays a critical role in lung health and disorders. Thus far, the mechanisms for the interactive effect of PM2.5 and the influenza virus on gene transcription of airway epithelial cells have not been fully uncovered. In this present pilot study, the transcriptome sequencing approach was introduced to identify responsive genes following individual and co-exposure to PM2.5 and influenza A (H3N2) viruses in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Enrichment analysis revealed the function of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Specifically, the DEGs enriched in the xenobiotic metabolism by the cytochrome P450 pathway were linked to PM2.5 exposure. In contrast, the DEGs enriched in environmental information processing and human diseases, such as viral protein interaction with cytokines and cytokine receptors and epithelial cell signaling in bacterial infection, were significantly related to H3N2 exposure. Meanwhile, co-exposure to PM2.5 and H3N2 affected G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface. Thus, the results from this study provides insights into PM2.5- and influenza virus-induced airway inflammation and potential mechanisms.
Spinning magnetic field patterns that cause oncolysis by oxidative stress in glioma cells
Authors: Hambarde Shashank , Manalo Jeanne M. , Baskin David S. , Sharpe Martyn A. , Helekar Santosh A.
Published: November 2023

Raising reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cancer cells to cause macromolecular damage and cell death is a promising anticancer treatment strategy. Observations that electromagnetic fields (EMF) elevate intracellular ROS and cause cancer cell death, have led us to develop a new portable wearable EMF device that generates spinning oscillating magnetic fields (sOMF) to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells in vitro and to shrink GBM tumors in vivo through a novel mechanism. Here, we characterized the precise configurations and timings of sOMF stimulation that produce cytotoxicity due to a critical rise in superoxide in two types of human glioma cells. We also found that the antioxidant Trolox reverses the cytotoxic effect of sOMF on glioma cells indicating that ROS play a causal role in producing the effect. Our findings clarify the link between the physics of magnetic stimulation and its mechanism of anticancer action, facilitating the development of a potential new safe noninvasive device-based treatment for GBM and other gliomas.
Exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the psoriasis and T2D by using microarray data analysis
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Lei , Du Qingfang , Gong Xiaoyu , Tian Jun
Published: November 2023

Although a large number of evidence has identified that psoriasis is significantly correlated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the common molecular mechanism of its occurrence remains unclear. Our study aims to further elucidate the mechanism of the occurrence of this complication. We obtained the gene expression data of psoriasis (GSE30999) and T2D (GSE28829) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Then the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of T2D and psoriasis were identified. After that, we performed three types of analyses about these DEGs, including functional enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and module manufacture, hub genes identification and co-expression analysis. 132 common DEGs (14 upregulated genes and 118 downregulated genes) were identified for subsequent a series of analyses. Function enrichment analysis demonstrated that Rap1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway may play a significant role in pathogenesis of psoriasis and T2D. Finally, 3 important hub genes were selected by utilizing cytoHubba, including SNRPN, GNAS, IGF2. Our work reveals the potential common signaling pathways of psoriasis and T2D. These Hub genes and common signaling pathways provide insights for further investigation of molecular mechanism about psoriasis and T2D.
Design and performance of pH-responsive cyano-Raman label SERS probes based on single urchin Au nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yu Zejie , Zhou Qirong , Chen Jiachang , Cai Miaomiao , Wang Yi , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2023

Preparation of pH SERS nanoprobes by 6- MPN (6-mercaptonicotinonitrile) modified urchin AuNPs.
Constructing a 3D interconnected network of Ag nanostructures for high-performance SERS detection of food coloring agents
Authors: Zeng Pei , Zhang Huan , Guan Qi , Zhang Qianqian , Yan Xianzai , Yu Lili , Duan Luying , Wang Chunrong
Published: November 2023

An organic contaminant-free SERS substrate with 3D interconnected network of Ag nanostructures was prepared with the lowest detection of amaranth at 3 μg L−1 and sunset yellow at 0.1 μg L−1 in orange juice, respectively. This substrate shows great potential in food and environmental detection.
Ultrasmall SnFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on N-doped carbon nanofibers for ultralight and high-performance microwave absorption
Authors: Guan Guangguang , Li Xiaoqiang , Li Yao , Tong Siyi , Xiang Jun , Zhang Kaiyin
Published: November 2023

3D SFO/N-CNFs have superior microwave absorption properties. The optimal reflection loss reaches −46.5 dB at 10.7 GHz with only 5 wt% filler loading in the silicone rubber matrix.
Highly porous BiOBr@NU-1000 Z-scheme heterojunctions for synergistic efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Zhang Bin , Meng Qing , Lei Ying , Wu Gaigai , Xu Jinghan , Meng Xiangru , Wu Jie , Hou Hongwei
Published: November 2023

A series of BiOBr@NU-1000 (BNU-X) were constructed to form efficient Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts that enhance light capture, promote photogenerated electron–hole separation for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of TC.
Nuciferine prevents obesity by activating brown adipose tissue
Authors: Yan Chunlong , Zhan Yang , Yuan Shouli , Cao Yujing , Chen Yi , Dong Meng , Zhang Hanlin , Chen Li , Jiang Rui , Liu Wenjun , Jin Wanzhu , Huang Yuanyuan
Published: November 2023

Increasing evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in obesity and related diseases.
Small extracellular vesicles administered directly in the brain promote neuroprotection and decreased microglia reactivity in a stroke mouse model
Authors: Lino Miguel M. , Rondão Tiago , Banerjee Arnab , Aires Inês , Rodrigues Magda , Reis Tiago , Santinha António , Fernandes Dominique , Serrenho Débora , Sobrino Tomás , Sargento-Freitas João , Pereira Frederico C. , Carvalho Ana Luísa , Ferreira Lino
Published: November 2023

Herein, we investigate the bioactivity of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), focusing on their local effect in the brain.
Synthesis of 13C-methyl-labeled amino acids and their incorporation into proteins in mammalian cells
Authors: Borgini Matteo , Wieteska Łukasz , Hinck Cynthia S. , Krzysiak Troy , Hinck Andrew P. , Wipf Peter
Published: November 2023

13C Methyl-labeled amino acids are prepared by a Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)–H functionalization and can be incorporated into human receptor extracellular domains with multiple disulfides using mammalian suspension-cultured HEK293 cells.
Improving energy storage properties of PbHfO3-based antiferroelectric ceramics with lower phase transition fields
Authors: Li Yan , Yang Tongqing , Liu Xiaohui
Published: November 2023

A design strategy for a PbHfO3-based antiferroelectric ceramic with a lower antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase transition electric field and which can exhibit a high recoverable energy density is reported.
N-Sulfenyl phthalimide enabled Markovnikov hydrothiolation of unactivated alkenes via ligand promoted cobalt catalysis
Authors: Li Xiang-Rui , Zhang Rong-Jin , Xiao Yonghong , Tong Qing-Xiao , Zhong Jian-Ji
Published: November 2023

N-Sulfenyl phthalimides as efficient radicalophile reagents is herein reported to enable the Markovnikov hydrothiolation of unactivated alkenes by cobalt catalysis with exclusive regio-selectivity and wide functional group tolerance.
Unveiling the potency of a phenalenyl-based photocatalyst for intramolecular dehydrogenative lactonization
Authors: Sen Partha Pratim , Pathania Vishali , Raha Roy Sudipta
Published: November 2023

Here, an intramolecular dehydrogenative lactonization reaction has been accomplished using a phenalenyl-based organic photocatalyst.
Isoxerophilins A and B, two diterpene heterodimers from Isodon xerophilus: structural elucidation and semisynthesis of isoxerophilin analogues
Authors: Dai Jia-Meng , Yan Bing-Chao , Kong Ling-Mei , Hu Kun , Li Xing-Ren , Li Xiao-Nian , Sun Han-Dong , Li Yan , Puno Pema-Tenzin
Published: November 2023

Two unprecedented diterpene heterodimers, isoxerophilins A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from Isodon xerophilus. A bioinspired semisynthesis of ten isoxerophilin analogues was accomplished. Compound 12 exhibited obvious latent tumor immunotherapy activity.
Application of biodegradable cholinium ionic liquids for the extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from honey
Authors: Marić Aleksandar , Jovanov Pavle , Gadžurić Slobodan , Trtić-Petrović Tatjana , Sakač Marijana , Tot Aleksandar , Bertić Marko , Vraneš Milan
Published: November 2023

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a Maillard reaction product, can be formed when honey is subjected to heat treatment or a long storage time, becoming volatile and toxic depending on its concentration.
The decisive role of electrostatic interactions in transport mode and phase segregation of lithium ions in LiFePO4
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Huang Jun , Liu Yuwen , Chen Shengli
Published: November 2023

The Hamiltonian model reveals that ion–electron coupled transfer is the optimal reaction pathway with the lowest activation barrier, compared with separate electron tunneling or ion transport.
Enhancement of the mechanical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid elastomers by introducing movable and reversible crosslinks
Authors: Yamashita Naoki , Yamaoka Kenji , Ikura Ryohei , Yoshida Daichi , Park Junsu , Kato Nobu , Kamei Masanao , Ogura Kentaro , Igarashi Minoru , Nakagawa Hideo , Takashima Yoshinori
Published: November 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid elastomers were fabricated with movable and reversible crosslinks between poly(dimethyl siloxane) and acrylate copolymers. The synergy between the movable and reversible crosslinks improved the mechanical properties.
Hydrophobically modified complex coacervates for designing aqueous pressure-sensitive adhesives
Authors: van Westerveld Larissa , Es Sayed Julien , de Graaf Marijn , Hofman Anton H. , Kamperman Marleen , Parisi Daniele
Published: November 2023

The rheology of complex coacervates can be elegantly tuned via the design and control of specific non-covalent hydrophobic interactions between the complexed polymer chains.
On the rebound of soapy drops
Authors: Jha Aditya , Despointes Auriane Huyghues , Clanet Christophe , Quéré David
Published: November 2023

A water–alcohol mixture with low surface tension (first row) does not bounce on a water-repellent material, while soapy water with even lower surface tension can (second row), due to the slow adsorption of surfactants at the interface.
Interspecies control of development during mammalian gastrulation
Authors: Simpson Luke , Alberio Ramiro
Published: November 2023

Gastrulation represents a pivotal phase of development and aberrations during this period can have major consequences, from minor anatomical deviations to severe congenital defects. Animal models are used to study gastrulation, however, there is considerable morphological and molecular diversity of gastrula across mammalian species. Here, we provide an overview of the latest research on interspecies developmental control across mammals. This includes single-cell atlases of several mammalian gastrula which have enabled comparisons of the temporal and molecular dynamics of differentiation. These studies highlight conserved cell differentiation regulators and both absolute and relative differences in differentiation dynamics between species. Recent advances in in vitro culture techniques have facilitated the derivation, maintenance and differentiation of cell lines from a range of species and the creation of multi-species models of gastrulation. Gastruloids are three-dimensional aggregates capable of self-organising and recapitulating aspects of gastrulation. Such models enable species comparisons outside the confines of the embryo. We highlight recent in vitro evidence that differentiation processes such as somitogenesis and neuronal maturation scale with known in vivo differences in developmental tempo across species. This scaling is likely due to intrinsic differences in cell biochemistry. We also highlight several studies which provide examples of cell differentiation dynamics being influenced by extrinsic factors, including culture conditions, chimeric co-culture, and xenotransplantation. These collective studies underscore the complexity of gastrulation across species, highlighting the necessity of additional datasets and studies to decipher the intricate balance between intrinsic cellular programs and extrinsic signals in shaping embryogenesis.
Generic Construction of Fully Anonymous Broadcast Authenticated Encryption with Keyword Search with Adaptive Corruptions
Authors: Emura Keita
Published: November 2023

As a multireceiver variant of public key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS), broadcast authenticated encryption with keyword search (BAEKS) was proposed by Liu et al. (ACISP 2021). BAEKS focuses on receiver anonymity, where no information about the receiver is leaked from ciphertexts, which is reminiscent of the anonymous broadcast encryption. Here, there are rooms for improving their security definitions, e.g., two challenge sets of receivers are selected before the setup phase, and an adversary is not allowed to corrupt any receiver. In this paper, we propose a generic construction of BAEKS derived from PAEKS that provides ciphertext anonymity and consistency in a multireceiver setting. The proposed construction is an extension of the generic construction proposed by Libert et al. (PKC 2012) for the fully anonymous broadcast encryption and provides adaptive corruptions. We also demonstrate that the Qin et al. PAEKS scheme (ProvSec 2021) provides ciphertext anonymity and consistency in a multireceiver setting and can be employed as a building block of the proposed generic construction.
Improving neural ordinary differential equations via knowledge distillation
Authors: Chu Haoyu , Wei Shikui , Lu Qiming , Zhao Yao
Published: November 2023

Neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) (Neural ODEs) construct the continuous dynamics of hidden units using ODEs specified by a neural network, demonstrating promising results on many tasks. However, Neural ODEs still do not perform well on image recognition tasks. The possible reason is that the one‐hot encoding vector commonly used in Neural ODEs can not provide enough supervised information. A new training based on knowledge distillation is proposed to construct more powerful and robust Neural ODEs fitting image recognition tasks. Specially, the training of Neural ODEs is modelled into a teacher‐student learning process, in which ResNets are proposed as the teacher model to provide richer supervised information. The experimental results show that the new training manner can improve the classification accuracy of Neural ODEs by 5.17%, 24.75%, 7.20%, and 8.99%, on Street View House Numbers, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and Food‐101, respectively. In addition, the effect of knowledge distillation is also evaluated in Neural ODEs on robustness against adversarial examples. The authors discover that incorporating knowledge distillation, coupled with the increase of the time horizon, can significantly enhance the robustness of Neural ODEs. The performance improvement is analysed from the perspective of the underlying dynamical system.
JCCM: Joint conformer and CNN model for overlapping radio signals recognition
Authors: Liang Junbin , Li Xiaofan , Liang Chao , Tong Hao , Mai Xiaoyan , Kong Rui
Published: November 2023

Overlapping radio signals recognition is attracting more attention as the development and ubiquitous application of radio technologies. The traditional blind signal separation (BSS) method is mostly not effective when both radio propagation effects and low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) scenarios are taken into consideration. In this letter, joint conformer and CNN model (JCCM) is proposed to separate and recognize the overlapping radio signals which are also unknown by the monitor node. JCCM utilizes the attention mechanism of conformer to encode signal spectrum into feature maps and decodes the feature maps into signal component proportions by perceiving the global and local features through convolutional neural networks (CNN). In addition, a signal preprocessing module is designed including MinPool and AvgPool layers for signal denoising. JCCM is evaluated in terms of signal separation, scaling preservation and principal signal classification experiments. The results show that JCCM has better performance especially in low SNR conditions.
Transient RFI environment of LOFAR-LBA at 72–75 MHz
Authors: Gehlot B. K. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Brackenhoff S. A. , Ceccotti E. , Ghosh S. , Höfer C. , Mertens F. G. , Mevius M. , Munshi S. , Offringa A. R. , Pandey V. N. , Rowlinson A. , Shulevski A. , Wijers R. A. M. J. , Yatawatta S. , Zaroubi S.
Published: November 2023

Context.Measurement of the highly redshifted and faint 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionisation promises to unveil a wealth of information about the astrophysical processes that governed the structure formation and evolution of the universe during the first billion years of its evolution.

Aims.The AARTFAAC Cosmic Explorer (ACE) program utilises the AARTFAAC wide-field imager of LOFAR to measure the power spectrum of the intensity fluctuations of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn atz ∼ 18 corresponding to the global 21-cm absorption feature reported by the EDGES experiment. Radio frequency interference (RFI) from various sources, such as aeroplane communication, contaminates the observed data and it is crucial to exclude the RFI-affected data in the analysis for any reliable detection. In this work, we solely focus on investigating the impact of non-ground-based transient RFI on the analysis of ACE observations.

Methods.We use cross-power spectra and cross-coherence metrics to assess the correlation of RFI over time and investigate the level of impact of transient RFI on the 21-cm signal power spectrum estimation.

Results.We detected moving sky-based transient RFI sources that cross the field of view within a few minutes and appear to be mainly from aeroplane communication beacons at the location of the LOFAR core in the 72−75 MHz band (a part of the EDGES absorption trough), by inspecting filtered images. We find that this transient RFI is mostly uncorrelated over time and is only expected to dominate over the thermal noise for an extremely deep integration time of 3000 h or more with a hypothetical instrument that is sky temperature dominated at 75 MHz. We find no visible correlation over differentk-modes in Fourier space in the presence of noise for realistic thermal noise scenarios.

Conclusions.We conclude that the sky-based transient RFI from aeroplanes, satellites and meteorites at present does not pose a significant concern for the ACE analyses at the current level of sensitivity and after integrating over the available ∼500 h of observed data. However, it is crucial to mitigate or filter such transient RFI for more sensitive experiments aiming for significantly deeper integration.
Characterisation of chaos and mean-motion resonances in meteoroid streams
Authors: Courtot Ariane , Saillenfest Melaine , Vaubaillon Jérémie , Fouchard Marc
Published: November 2023

Context. Dynamically linking a meteor shower with its parent body is challenging, and chaos in the dynamics of meteoroid streams may contribute to this challenge. For a robust identification of parent bodies, it is therefore necessary to quantify the amount of chaos involved in the evolution of meteoroid streams.

Aims. Characterising chaos in meteoroid streams through the aid of chaos maps is still a new field of study. Thus, we examine two very different meteoroid streams, the Draconids and the Leonids, in order to obtain a general view of this topic.

Methods. We used the method developed in a previous paper dedicated to Geminids, drawing chaos maps with the orthogonal fast Lyapunov indicator. We chose four particle size ranges to investigate the effect of non-gravitational forces. As the dynamics are structured by mean-motion resonances with planets, we computed the locations and widths of the resonances at play. We used semi-analytical formulas valid for any eccentricity and inclination and an arbitrary number of planets.

Results. We pinpoint which mean-motion resonances with Jupiter play a major role in the dynamics of each meteoroid stream. We show how those resonances tend to trap mostly large particles, preventing them from meeting with Jupiter. We also study particles that manage to escape those resonances, for example, due to the gravitational perturbation of Saturn. Finally, we explain why non-gravitational forces do not disturb the dynamics much, contrary to what is observed for the Geminids.
JADES: Detecting [OIII]λ4363 emitters and testing strong line calibrations in the high-z Universe with ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy up to z ∼ 9.5
Authors: Laseter Isaac H. , Maseda Michael V. , Curti Mirko , Maiolino Roberto , D’Eugenio Francesco , Cameron Alex J. , Looser Tobias J. , Arribas Santiago , Baker William M. , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J. , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Chevallard Jacopo , Curtis-lake Emma , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Hainline Kevin , Hausen Ryan , Ji Zhiyuan , Kumari Nimisha , Perna Michele , Rawle Tim , Rix Hans-Walter , Robertson Brant , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Sandles Lester , Scholtz Jan , Smit Renske , Tacchella Sandro , Übler Hannah , Williams Christina C. , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris
Published: November 2023

We present ten novel [OIII]λ4363 auroral line detections up to z ∼ 9.5 measured from ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec MSA spectroscopy from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). We leverage the deepest spectroscopic observations taken thus far with NIRSpec to determine electron temperatures and oxygen abundances using the direct Te method. We directly compare these results against a suite of locally calibrated strong-line diagnostics and recent high-z calibrations. We find the calibrations fail to simultaneously match our JADES sample, thus warranting a self-consistent revision of these calibrations for the high-z Universe. We find a weak dependence between R2 and O3O2 with metallicity, thus suggesting these line ratios are inefficient in the high-z Universe as metallicity diagnostics and degeneracy breakers. We find R3 and R23 are still correlated with metallicity, but we find a tentative flattening of these diagnostics, thus suggesting future difficulties when applying these strong line ratios as metallicity indicators in the high-z Universe. We also propose and test an alternative diagnostic based on a different combination of R3 and R2 with a higher dynamic range. We find a reasonably good agreement (median offset of 0.002 dex, median absolute offset of 0.13 dex) with the JWST sample at low metallicity, but future investigations are required on larger samples to probe past the turnover point. At a given metallicity, our sample demonstrates higher ionization and excitation ratios than local galaxies with rest-frame EWs(Hβ) ≈200 − 300 Å. However, we find the median rest-frame EWs(Hβ) of our sample to be ∼2× less than the galaxies used for the local calibrations. This EW discrepancy combined with the high ionization of our galaxies does not offer a clear description of [OIII]λ4363 production in the high-z Universe, thus warranting a much deeper examination into the factors influencing these processes.
The use of flour from germinated buckwheat in bread recipes
Authors: Badamshina E.V. , Leonova S.A. , Gareeva I.T. , Nikulina N.Sh. , Koschina E.I.
Published: November 2023

The results of the study of technological properties, chemical composition of buckwheat varieties of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the effect of flour from sprouted buckwheat grain on the quality of wheat bread are presented. According to the nutritional value, in order to obtain buckwheat flour in order to include it in the bread recipe, the Inzer buckwheat variety was selected. The parameters of soaking and germination of buckwheat grain of this variety are optimized and it is shown that due to germination, the physico-chemical parameters of flour and its antioxidant activity are improved. Thus, the expediency of introducing flour from sprouted buckwheat grain into the recipe of wheat bread is proved. The optimal content of flour from sprouted buckwheat grain in the composition of a composite mixture with wheat flour of grade I, which amounted to 10%, providing an improvement in the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of bread, was established.
The use of digital technologies in agriculture in Russia
Authors: Beksultanova A.I. , Dzhankhotova P.M. , Nosyreva A.N.
Published: November 2023

Production in agriculture is developing towards unmanned vehicle driving and the implementation of many other operations using digital technologies that is changing the structure of labor in the agro-industrial complex, increasing the demand for operators of certain production processes. The article presents quantitative results of the collection of agricultural products based on statistical observation data, taking into account the use of digital technologies in agriculture. The dynamics of agricultural production is shown, as well as the most promising agrotechnological solutions in the current conditions are given.
Technological development in maize cultivation
Authors: Sergeyeva Natalya , Evgrafova Lyudmila , Vasilchenko Tatyana , Chukhacheva Ekaterina , Fandina Natalja
Published: November 2023

With limited financial, material and labour resources, agricultural production has to optimize technology solutions for important crop cultivation. “Green” economy current trends recommend using soil treatment and crop tending technologies that are able to minimize doses of organic and mineral fertilizers applied, to reduce the degree to which plants have been treated with chemicals. This will generally improve the environmental safety of farming. Maize is one of the most important raw materials for animal feed, in varying degrees of cob ripeness it is used as green feed, harvested as silage or as mature grain. An affordable way of livestock product cost reduction is to save on direct production costs. It has been proposed to improve the maize cultivation technology under the specific farm conditions in the Nonchernozem belt of Russia, through replacing mechanic means, combining several operations in one run and substituting fertilizers in a rational way. It has been proposed to replace tractors MTZ-82.1 and K744R1 with more productive and economical New Holland T8.390 and New Holland T4 F. Ploughing can be performed with simultaneous application of complex fertilizers (diasophoska) and disс ploughing. The Vaderstad TopDown 900 is offered as a seedbed maker. The Challenger CH9824 seed planter has been replaced with the John Deere DB37, which provides simultaneous fertilizer application. The picker Acros 595 has been replaced with the more efficient and economical John Deere X9. Original pesticides have also been replaced with cheaper counterparts. As a result of the technological development, direct costs were reduced by 9.6%.
Determination of the main parameters of the mole irrigation network in the Lower Volga region
Authors: Yevgeniy Khodiakov , Nikolay Petrov , Sergey Milovanov , Kirill Bondarenko
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of studies to determine the main parameters of the irrigation network for the mole irrigation system on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region, a typical region of the Lower Volga region. This method of irrigating crops will be used for the first time in this region. For this, 3 variants of the depth (0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 m) of the location of mole sprinklers - soil pipes with a diameter of 58 ... 63 mm for supplying water to plants were studied. Based on the study of moisture contours, it was found that the most effective was the location of molehills at a depth of 0.3 ... 0.4 m, since 99.3 ... 95.1% of the moisture in the zone of normal moistening (90…110% SMC the next day after watering) was within the active soil layer of 0.0-0.8 m in the absence of deep filtration into the underlying layers. Further study of the moisture contours showed that at a mole irrigation depth of 0.3…0.5 m, the zone of normal moisture (90…110% SMC) extended 40…51 cm to the left and 42…45 cm to the right, and the zone of low moisture (75 ...90% SMC) - 69...91 cm to the left and 63...68 cm to the right of the molehill axis, which allows soil sprinklers to be located at a distance of 1.0...1.5 m from each other if it is necessary to uniformly moisten the active soil layer throughout the irrigation area. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation and the Administration of the Volgograd Region under project No. 22-26-20070, https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-20070.
Methods for forming an irrigation network for a mole subsurface irrigation system
Authors: Yevgeniy Khodiakov , Nikolay Petrov , Sergey Milovanov , Kirill Bondarenko
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of field studies carried out in 2022 on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region, which were aimed at studying the methods of forming soil pipes for the mole irrigation system using various designs of the mole tine (a special working body for cutting molehills) and the speed of the tractor during the formation of the irrigation network. The considered method of irrigation in the soil and climatic conditions of this region has not been previously studied. As a result, it was found that the use of a trapezoidal stand with a “knife” (a front cutting edge 30 mm wide along the entire height of the stand) and a “chisel” (a rectangular cutting surface of the drainer) was the most effective for arranging an irrigation network of mole irrigators (molehills), since here, regardless of the shape and size of the expanders, the degree of their shedding was 5–38% lower than in the variants with a rectangular post with an ellipsoid shape of the cutting surface of the drainer. Also, our studies showed that when the tractor was moving at 0.9 ... 2.6 km / h, the degree of destruction of molehills was 42 ... 87%, and at 3.4 ... 4.3 km / h this figure decreased to 13 ... 18%, therefore, this speed allowed more efficient formation of soil pipes for the creation of mole subsoil irrigation systems. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation and the Administration of the Volgograd Region under project No. 22-26-20070, https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-20070.