bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of bladeless expander with an incompressible fluid
Authors: Renuke Avinash , Reggio Federico , Pascenti Matteo , Traverso Alberto
Published: December 2022

For small-medium heat pumps and small-scale energy storage (e.g., hydro) and other small-scale applications (up to 10kWe), an economical, reliable, durable, robust, and acceptable performing bladeless expander is an attractive technology. In this article, experiments are performed on a bladeless expander of 1kW design power with water as a working fluid. The complete expansion is in the subcooled liquid phase with an overall pressure drop across the expander in the 2-14 bar range. The water expander is designed as a similitude case study for a butane heat pump, where such a bladeless expander could replace the expansion valve recovering untapped energy from isenthalpic to isentropic expansion. Unlike conventional bladed expanders, the present bladeless expander consists of several co-rotating compact disks, closely spaced and parallelly mounted on the shaft which transmits torque using wall shear forces. The present expander design is an improved version resulting from the detailed loss characterisation done on earlier air expanders.

The article begins with the definition of design conditions for water expander starting from the expected butane expansion in the heat pump, fully inside the liquid region. The rotor design of a bladeless expander is outlined using dimensionless parameters that dictate the performance features. The turbine is designed for 1kW of power output and 2kg/s mass flow with an overall pressure drop of 14 bar with a rotational speed of 8000 rpm. The resulting turbine rotor consists of an 80mm disk outer diameter, 120 disks and a 0.1mm gap between them. An experimental test rig employing water as a working fluid is described. Experiments are conducted for overall pressure drop ranging in the 2-14 bar interval, with a maximum rotational speed of 6500 rpm. The performance is recorded with two different stator configurations, having two different throat dimensions for varying mass flow at maximum inlet pressure. Peak total to static efficiency of 30% is obtained with a net power of 670 W at ∼3000 rpm. An experimental ventilation loss (end wall viscous disk friction) is performed with both water and air as working fluids to estimate the power loss. It is found that ventilation loss is the major source of loss in the present turbine prototype with a power loss of 250W@3000 and 1100W@8000 rpm, varying quadratically with rotational speed. It is finally concluded that the expander performance is promising because ventilation losses can be potentially reduced with established strategies used in conventional expanders.
Optimization of Solar District Heating & Cooling Systems
Authors: Brumana G. , Franchini G. , Ghirardi E. , Ravelli S.
Published: December 2022

The present work proposes a comparison between three solar-powered district heating and cooling systems, namely: 1) centralized district heating & cooling (DHC) system; 2) 5th-generation district heating & cooling (5GDHC) system and 3) individual AC plants (HHC, Home Heating and Cooling), in different climate conditions. Thermal loads are evaluated by transient simulations of a residential compound featuring 56 detached houses for three different Italian climates: (1) a Mediterranean region on the seaside (Palermo, I), (2) a temperate climate in Central Italy (Roma, I), and (3) a cold-temperate climate in Northern Italy (Bolzano, I). The DHC system shows the highest efficiency in terms of energy-savings, whatever the location. The 5GDHC system reaches a compromise between installation and operational costs.
Development of a Test Bench for Biogas-fueled Internal Combustion Engines Working in Cogeneration Mode for Residential Applications
Authors: Ancona M. A. , Branchini L. , Catena F. , De Pascale A. , Melino F. , Ottaviano S.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is the presentation of a test bench developed and installed at the Laboratory of the University of Bologna: the test bench has been developed for internal combustion engines, working as cogeneration units and fueled with biogas. In this perspective, the test bench purpose is to experimentally test and optimize the operation of cogenerative internal combustion engines on varying the boundary conditions, in terms of both biogas composition and electric and thermal load. Other main components are the anaerobic digester, a multi-fuel internal combustion engine, the electric load and a heat exchanger for the heat recovery from the exhaust gases and connected to a water circuit representing the thermal user. The test bench has been equipped with the opportune measurement devices, as well as with a specifically developed data acquisition system. First experimental tests, carried out on varying the methane content within the CH4-CO2 blend and the electric load allowed to optimize the test bench in terms of heat recovery section and air supply to the engine.
Model and transient Control strategy design of an Organic Rankine Cycle Plant for waste heat recovery of an Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Giovanni Giardiello , Francesco de Nola , Giuliana Ghezzi , Alfredo Gimelli , Raffaele Iossa , Giuseppe Langella , Bernardo Sessa
Published: December 2022

The multi-sources hybrid polygeneration energy systems are of great interest and topicality as they are one of the most promising technologies in the European’s Green Deal panorama, with the aim of serving users with electrical and thermal energy using a single plant powered by one or more energy sources. In the waste heat recovery field Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants are becoming increasingly popular, especially for exploiting medium and low temperature heat sources as a micro-small scale power plant. However, the development and diffusion of this technology is still limited due to the high costs and consequently prototype development and experimental assessment of performance is very poor, especially for non-stationary systems. In this work the modelling and validation of a micro-scale waste heat recovery (WHR) plant coupled with a control system is presented. An ORC plant has been modelled through a map-based model approach for the piston pump and the scroll expander while the pipes and the heat exchangers through a 1D thermo-fluid dynamic approach. A preliminary comparison was made between some numerical quantities of the modelled plant and the same experimental quantities in 61 different operating conditions, showing an average error of 50.1%. The model has been calibrated using a vector optimization technique: two calibration parameters of the heat exchangers were calibrated with a genetic algorithm (MOGA II) by reducing the error of 5 quantities obtained from the model with the respective experimental quantities in 15 different operating conditions. The remaining 46 operating conditions were used to evaluate the calibrated model, showing an average error of 3%. Furthermore, in order to provide for the use of the system coupled to highly variable heat sources, such as the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, a control strategy has been designed to perform two tasks: leading the ORC performance where the efficiency is higher, acting on the pump speed through a map-based control, implemented by a look-up table control, and protecting the organic fluid from damage caused by high working temperatures through a bypass control system with a PI control, depending on the proportional and integral gains. In order to verify the control strategy behaviour at different thermal transient inputs, a set of simulations has been run, showing a robust and stable manner preserving the organic fluid properties and limiting the superheated steam at expander inlet.
Design Loads in Small Wind Turbines: a Detailed Comparison Between Pitch and Stall Regulation
Authors: Papi F , Pagamonci L , Bianchini A
Published: December 2022

Small wind turbines (SWTs) have known alternate fortune but can now play a key role in distributed production to foster energy transition. Among the typical features of small machines, the use of stall regulation is a distinctive one, since the ubiquitous variable speed pitch regulation used in utility-scale rotors is hampered by space constraints in small nacelles. This reduced the cost and boosts overall reliability; on the other hand, compromises in the aerodynamic design of the blades must be adopted to ensure smooth power regulation above rated windspeed. This has implications not only on the final Annual Energy Production (AEP) of the rotors, but also on loads. The current study aims at investigating the differences in peak loads between a stall and a pitch regulated SWT. The UNIFI 50kW SRWT, a reference turbine designed by Università degli Studi di Firenze, is used as a case study thanks to the fact that is available both with stall and pitch control options. Differently from most of the studies to date, simulations are carried out for a variety of power production and parked load cases, significant for extreme loading of the rotor and tower of the wind turbine, thus strongly impacting on the design. Results demonstrate how a pitch-regulated machine can ensure a significant reduction of the main maximum loads, thus paving the way for more optimized and cost-effective designs of future SWTs.
Effects of low-grade gas composition on the energy/exergy performance of a polygeneration system (CH
2
HP) based on biomass gasification and ICE
Authors: Caricato A , Carlucci A P , Ficarella A , Previtero F , Strafella L , Prestipino M , Galvagno A , Brusca S
Published: December 2022

Bio-hydrogen from sustainable biomass (i.e. agro-industrial residues) gasification can play a relevant role in the hydrogen economy, providing constant hydrogen from renewable sources. Nowadays, most hydrogen production systems integrate one or more water-gas shift (WGS) units to maximize the hydrogen yield that, however, needs additional syngas treatments, investment and operational costs. Besides, different electricity inputs are needed along the process to power the compression of raw syngas, shifted syngas, and pure hydrogen to the desired pressure. This common process integration with WGS generates a kind of off-gas from the hydrogen separation unit whose composition may or may not be suitable for power production, depending on the operating conditions of the gasification unit. In this regard, this work proposes a different approach in which no WGS reactors are involved and the off-gas is used to generate heat and power to provide the energy input needed by the system. In particular, the authors tested the bio-syngas and the corresponding off-gas in a 4-cylinders, spark ignition natural gas internal combustion engine operated in cogeneration mode with the aim to analyse the effect of removing the hydrogen from the original bio-syngas on mechanical/electric and thermal power, on fuel efficiency and CO2 specific emission.
Pressurised Chemical Looping Combustion (PCLC): Air Reactor design
Authors: Bartocci Pietro , Bidini Gianni , Abad Alberto , Bischi Aldo , Cabello Arturo , Loscertales Margarita de Las Obras , Zampilli Mauro , Massoli Sara , Garlatti Silvia , Fantozzi Francesco
Published: December 2022

Bioenergy combustion with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is a key technology to achieve carbon negative emissions power generation. This can be achieved by coupling the biofuels combustion with CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The lowest cost for CCS corresponds at the moment to the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) process. This can use biofuels which can be gaseous (biomethane, biogas or syngas etc.), liquid (biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol and pyrolysis oils etc.) or solids (wood dust, charcoal dust, wood chips, wood pellets etc.) While plant design with gaseous and liquid biofuels would be simpler, plants using solid biofuels and based on two couple fluidisd beds would need the use of a third reactor named carbon stripper. In the specific case if we plan to couple a CLC plant with a turbo expander (to achieve the high efficiencies of a combined cycle power plant) we have to work with pressurized reactors. However, there are some technical barriers to the coupling of a chemical looping combustor with a turbo expander, such as: the operation of the combustor in pressurised conditions; the inventory balance among reactors; elutriated particles reaching the turbo expander. This explaind why there is no commercial plant at the moment capable to do this. The aim of this paper is to present a model for the dimensioning of an air reactor to be coupled to a turbo expander of the power of about 12 MWe. Based on this, the air mass flow can be obtained and the geometric parameters can be calculated, to have an air velocity which is needed to achieve the fast fluidization regime and to ensure a high conversion rate as well as particles and heat exchage among air and fuel reactor.
Vortex Artificial Potential Field for Mobile Robot Path Planning
Authors: Nasuha A , Priambodo A S , Pratama G N P
Published: December 2022

Artificial Potential Field (APF) is one of path planning strategies which offers a relatively low cost on computational. It has been implemented in many real-time applications. Unfortunately, it is quite susceptible to local minima problems. In this paper, we offer a scheme for escaping local minima by using vortex field. Based on the results and simulation, it can be verified that the vortex field prevails to navigate the path while escaping local minima.
FDM Based Custom 3D Printer Development in Robotic Arm Mechanical Prototype Printing
Authors: Prianto E , Herianto  , Herliansyah M K , Pramono H S , Husna A F , Adam R , Raditya A E
Published: December 2022

3D printing is one of the most important tools of Industry 4.0. 3D printing technology has an advantage over traditional manufacturing processes, as it has the ability to convert 3D designs/models into ready-to-use products. The world of education needs to continue to adapt to technological developments. Making a mechanical prototype of a robotic arm is one of the main things to do to develop learning media in an educational environment. The mechanical prototype of the robotic arm can be made using 3D printing, so it will provide real implementation for education. The purpose of this study is to develop a custom 3D Printer learning media which is expected to facilitate the installation process and development of a mechanical prototype of a robotic arm as a form of implementation in the Mechatronics Engineering Education Study Program, FT UNY. This research was carried out based on the ADDIE model, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The results of this study are a custom 3D printer based on FDM, both Cartesian and CoreXY types that can be used in learning in the Mechatronic Engineering Education Study Program. The test results show the average value of the measurement error of printing results is less than 2% so that it can be used in the learning process and supports the selected learning content. 3D printers can print robotic arm mechanical components with good results and low tolerances for printing precision.
Development and Evaluation of Portable Microcontroller Training System
Authors: Nahrowi D , Hariyanto D
Published: December 2022

This research aimed to develop a high-portability and multipurpose Microcontroller Trainer by employing Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE (Analysis, Des ign, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model. It focuses on the development s tage (the design aspect) and the testing stage of the trainer’s performance. The results of this study indicate that the developed product of microcontroller trainer can be categorized as “very feasible” to use with a final score of 72. Meanwhile, for the aspect of trainer performance, it is also declared that the developed product is “very feasible” in terms of function and usefulness that can be used as a multipurpose media.
Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool Based on Internet of Things (IoT) With PiOBD-II Using Raspberry on Honda Jazz VTEC
Authors: Setiyawan A
Published: December 2022

The rate of transportation accidents is still a major challenge in many countries. Many factors can cause transportation accidents, especially problems with the vehicle’s internal system. Fuel Injection-based vehicles have a centralized electronic system through the ECU as control. The outstanding Engine Diagnostic Tool has several weaknesses, including high price, not plug and play, has limited system support. It is necessary to develop a Prototype Engine diagnostic tool that is easy to use, has an overall carrying capacity, and can be easily applied by middle-class vehicle repair shops. So, the researchers researched the Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool prototype using a Raspberry Pi. This study aims to (1) produce a Prototype of the Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Using Raspberry Pi and test the functionality of the Prototype Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool with Raspberry Pi Technology. The research method used is the Research and Development method. The research aims to produce specific products. The product produced and tested for functionality in this research is a Wireless Engine Diagnostic Tool Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Using Raspberry Pi. The results show that the function runs 100% on the ECT, IAT, TPS, RPM meter, Oxygen Sensor, and Vehicle Speed Sensor tests.
Service Oriented Profile Reliability Assessment of an Aviation Mechatronic Servo Actuation System
Authors: Xu Haobang , Wang Danyang , Niu Guangran , Wang Xiaolu , Liu Ruijun , Hu Baobin
Published: December 2022

Due to its complexity and importance, the reliability problems of the mechatronic servo system have become more and more attention. The reliability design method is applied in the design of mechatronic products, which can ensure the high reliability of mechatronic systems. This paper first introduces the application of a mechatronic servo product on the cargo door of a civil aircraft and describes its structure composition, characteristics, service profile, and multi-type life characteristics of components. In this paper, the reliability design compliance of the product is designed and verified from the aspects of reliability modeling, reliability mission profile, reliability prediction, dispatch reliability prediction, and reliability verification, and the data support for operation and maintenance characteristics is provided.
Research on Air Suspension System Based on Trackless Train
Authors: Zhang Shixi , Zhao Li , Zhao GuoRui , Chen RuiKun , Zhang Lihao , Li QingXuan
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the comfort of passengers when riding on trackless trains, it is necessary to set up an air suspension system for the train. In this research, the air suspension system is composed of sensors, height valves, ECAS solenoid valves, control ECU, and other mechanisms on the vehicle, so as to realize the adjustment of the height, softness, and vibration isolation rate of the suspension of the vehicle.
Research on control method of tapping depth of five-degree-of-freedom hybrid robot
Authors: Wu Taiyu , Gu Jin , Wang Shun , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yawei
Published: December 2022

In the rubber tapping industry, the control of tapping depth affects not only the latex output of a single tapping but also the economic life of the rubber. It is the key technology to realize automatic tapping. A cooperative control method of end sensor one coordinate axis direction closed-loop control and trajectory planning is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the trajectory planning of the robot is taken to realize the spiral pose interpolation in the Cartesian space. Then, according to the attitude in the trajectory planning, the measured distances to the paper tube surface are decomposed into the axes of the Cartesian coordinate system to realize the spatial closed-loop control. The joint motion position control is completed through the real-time feedback of the photoelectric sensors on each joint simultaneously. Finally, the control method is tested. The test results show that the robot end tool axis is kept moving in the planned posture by this closed-loop control method. The theoretical distance from the laser sensor to the paper tube surface is 45mm. When the movement speed is 10mm/s, the actual average distance from the sensor to the paper tube surface is 44.99 mm, and the maximum deviation is 0.74mm, which meets the accuracy requirements of the actual tapping depth. It has been proved that the method can effectively control the depth precision of rubber tapping and provides important technical support for the realization of automatic rubber tapping.
A Multi-objective Flexible Planning Method for Distribution Network Considering Total System Cost
Authors: Li Yizheng , Peng Dong , Wang Xueying , Zhao Lang , Xue Yawei
Published: December 2022

In the flexible planning for distribution networks considering distributed generations, a reasonable planning scheme can improve the flexibility of the distribution network concerning the integration of new energy and keep the system running in a stable and reasonable interval. A multi-objective flexible constrained planning method for distribution networks is proposed. Firstly, a multi-objective flexible constrained programming model considering the expectation of cost regret, the expectation of outage loss, and the load balance of the source network is established. Then, the uncertainty of wind turbine output, photovoltaic output, and load is quantified by the scene method and solved by the improved multi-objective discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the distribution network frame is designed for a certain area, and the optimal scheme is obtained by comparing the results of single-objective and multi-objective planning methods. The results prove the superiority of this method, which can improve the overall operation and management level of the distribution network.
Protection scheme against turn-to-turn fault for novel magnetic valve controllable reactor
Authors: Yang Jianyou
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on the inter-turn protection scheme of a new type of reactive power compensation device-magnetic valve reactor. Aiming at the problem that the existing inter-turn protection scheme has insufficient sensitivity and causes the protection to refuse to act, this paper first introduces the topology of the new type of magnetic valve reactor in detail and analyzes the working state of the positive half cycle of its power supply and establishes mathematical model and physical model of valve reactor. Based on this model, the excitation winding of the magnetic valve reactor is analyzed, and the differential mode current component of the excitation winding is introduced to characterize the fault characteristics. According to the change of electric quantity before and after the fault, a new inter-turn protection scheme of magnetic valve reactor based on the fundamental frequency component of the differential mode current of the excitation winding group is constructed. After a large number of simulation experiments, the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme are verified.
A Research on Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine CMS Based on Bayesian-GAN-LSTM Neural Network
Authors: Chen Bingran
Published: December 2022

Fault diagnosis of large components of wind turbines is of great significance in improving the reliability of wind turbines. In the actual fault diagnosis project, insufficient data labels and low recognition accuracy are two major problems. In order to make up for these two deficiencies, this paper proposes to combine the generative adversarial neural (GAN) network and the LSTM model and uses the Bayesian distribution to optimize the GAN and LSTM, respectively. GAN uses the generator to solve the problem of insufficient data labels, and the Bayesian optimized LSTM prediction accuracy is better. This paper uses the actual wind turbine bearing data to test the algorithm, and the accuracy of the test results reaches 97.6%, which shows the algorithm is accurate and robust, and the upgraded algorithm can be applied to the actual fault diagnosis of large components of wind turbines.
Sliding Mode Control for Trajectory Tracking of AGV Based on Improved Fast Stationary Power Approach Law
Authors: Zhou Xiaorong , He Lin
Published: December 2022

To eliminate the position deviation and direction error of trajectory tracking for the automated guided vehicle (AGV) wheeled parking robots in underground garages, a sliding mode controller is designed with a Lyapunov direct method and an improved fast stationary power approach law. Firstly, a kinematic model of the AGV wheeled parking robot in the global coordinate system is established. In order to make the AGV wheeled parking robots transfer from the deviation state to the sliding mode switching surface quickly and track the given reference trajectory stably, a novel fast stationary power approach law is proposed. Then, the Lyapunov direct method and the fast stationary power approach law are used to design the sliding mode controller. Finally, MATLAB software is employed to conduct the simulation tests of trajectory tracking. The simulation results obtained by adopting the fast stationary power approach law and traditional power approach law are compared. The compared results show that the former performs better in tracking the desired trajectories. The effectiveness of the designed controller is verified through simulation tests.
Bush spherical center detection algorithm based on depth camera 3D point cloud
Authors: Jin Gu , Xiao Su , Hanrong Lai , Bin Zhang , Yawei Zhang
Published: December 2022

Automated pruning is an inevitable trend in the improvement of modern gardens. In order to provide necessary information for automatic garden robots and satisfy the requirement of target detection and positioning during pruning, this paper proposed a bush spherical center detection algorithm based on a 3D depth camera point cloud. Firstly, the depth camera collected the bush image, and the results were aligned to the depth image to obtain the 3D point cloud of bush. Then the ROI was extracted by preprocessing, and the 3D point clouds of bush was obtained after filtering and coordinate transformation. Finally, the spherical center coordinates of the bush were extracted by the minimum bounding box method. Four groups of tests on the bush spherical coordinates detection were carried out outdoors. The maximum location error and the minimum location error of the spherical bush center were 10.23mm and 8.65 mm, respectively, and the average location error was 9.51mm. The bush spherical center detection algorithm based on depth camera 3D point clouds proposed in this paper provides a technical reference for the information acquisition of automatic pruning robot.
Defects recognition of strain clamps based on attentional enhancement mechanism
Authors: Feng Chao , Jiang Peng , Cao Xianhui , He Shuyun , Hu Yujing , Liu Weike , Ouyang Kejian , Jun Wang
Published: December 2022

The crimping quality of tension clamp in overhead transmission line is directly related to the safe and stable operation of transmission line. existing detection methods are low efficiency or availability and developing a timely and effective defect detecting method for strain clamp is a top priority. An X-ray image classification algorithm based on the attentional enhancement mechanism is proposed to identify the defects of different types of strain clamps. DenseNet structure is used as the backbone network to multiplex the X-ray image features, SENet channel is used to enhance the attention to the defect site, and PSANet is used to replace the 3×3 convolution layer in DenseBlock in DenseNet to highlight the features of defects at different scales. Research shows that the average recognition accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 88.1%, which is better than the existing methods.
Heterogeneous pHPMA hydrogel promotes neuronal differentiation of bone marrow derived stromal cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Rybachuk Oksana , Savytska Natalia , Pinet Éric , Yaminsky Yurii , Medvediev Volodymyr
Published: December 2022

Synthetic hydrogels composed of polymer pore frames are commonly used in medicine, from pharmacologically targeted drug delivery to the creation of bioengineering constructions used in implantation surgery. Among various possible materials, the most common are poly-[N(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (pHPMA) derivatives. One of the pHPMA derivatives is biocompatible hydrogel, NeuroGel. Upon contact with nervous tissue, the NeuroGel’s structure can support the chemical and physiological conditions of the tissue necessary for the growth of native cells. Owing to the different pore diameters in the hydrogel, not only macromolecules, but also cells can migrate. This study evaluated the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into neurons, as well as the effectiveness of using this biofabricated system in spinal cord injury in vivo. The hydrogel was populated with BMSCs by injection or rehydration. After cultivation, these fragments (hydrogel + BMSCs) were implanted into the injured rat spinal cord. Fragments were immunostained before implantation and seven months after implantation. During cultivation with the hydrogel, both variants (injection/rehydration) of the BMSCs culture retained their viability and demonstrated a significant number of Ki-67-positive cells, indicating the preservation of their proliferative activity. In hydrogel fragments, BMSCs also maintained their viability during the period of cocultivation and were Ki-67-positive, but in significantly fewer numbers than in the cell culture. In addition, in fragments of hydrogel with grafted BMSCs, both by the injection or rehydration versions, we observed a significant number up to 57%–63.5% of NeuN-positive cells. These results suggest that the heterogeneous pHPMA hydrogel promotes neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Furthermore, these data demonstrate the possible use of NeuroGel implants with grafted BMSCs for implantation into damaged areas of the spinal cord, with subsequent nerve fiber germination, nerve cell regeneration, and damaged segment restoration.
Phasing out coal for 2 °C target requires worldwide replication of most ambitious national plans despite security and fairness concerns
Authors: Vinichenko Vadim , Vetier Marta , Jewell Jessica , Nacke Lola , Cherp Aleh
Published: December 2022

Ending the use of unabated coal power is a key climate change mitigation measure. However, we do not know how fast it is feasible to phase-out coal on the global scale. Historical experience of individual countries indicates feasible coal phase-out rates, but can these be upscaled to the global level and accelerated by deliberate action? To answer this question, we analyse 72 national coal power phase-out pledges and show that these pledges have diffused to more challenging socio-economic contexts and now cover 17% of the global coal power fleet, but their impact on emissions (up to 4.8 Gt CO2 avoided by 2050) remains small compared to what is needed for achieving Paris climate targets. We also show that the ambition of pledges is similar across countries and broadly in line with historical precedents of coal power decline. While some pledges strengthen over time, up to 10% have been weakened by the energy crisis caused by the Russo-Ukrainian war. We construct scenarios of coal power decline based on empirically-grounded assumptions about future diffusion and ambition of coal phase-out policies. We show that under these assumptions unabated coal power generation in 2022–2050 would be between the median generation in 2 °C-consistent IPCC AR6 pathways and the third quartile in 2.5 °C-consistent pathways. More ambitious coal phase-out scenarios require much stronger effort in Asia than in OECD countries, which raises fairness and equity concerns. The majority of the 1.5 °C- and 2 °C-consistent IPCC pathways envision even more unequal distribution of effort and faster coal power decline in India and China than has ever been historically observed in individual countries or pledged by climate leaders.
Environmental Challenges of The Green Economy: Case of Ukraine
Authors: Yermakov Oleksandr , Kostetska Iryna
Published: December 2022

The article analyses the essence of the “green economy.” The historical context of the formation of the concept is considered. The postulates of the theory of “green economy” are studied; the essential postulate appears to be the impossibility of satisfying infinitely growing needs in limited resources. The directions of the “green economy” system are considered. Today, the known characteristics, features, and principles of the “green economy” and its multiplicative and anti-crisis potential are highlighted. The purpose of the study is to prepare proposals for a “green economy” model in Ukraine in the post-war period. An understanding of the essence and description of the goals of “green” technologies is proposed, which involves working not with the consequences but with the causes of environmental problems. The European aspect of the “green economy,” ways of Poland’s transformation, and the state of its implementation in Ukraine are analyzed. As well, normative-legal documents regulating the implementation of changes are given. Poland’s experience in introducing the “green economy” is analyzed. An example of a “green” energy cluster in Konin (Poland) is given. Proposals for implementation have been formed, and the role and prospects of Ukraine’s participation in the strategic development of the “green economy” have been determined.
A Study the Relationship of Soil Quality with Land Suitability for Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Development in Kebonagung Sub-district, Pacitan District
Authors: Irawan Suko , Antriyandarti Ernoiz , Laia Dea Hagania
Published: December 2022

This study aims to assess the soil quality index (SQI) under the shade of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and its relationship to land suitability to provide recommendations for improvement to increase coconut productivity. This research conducted in Kebonagung District, Pacitan District using descriptive survey method. Land Map Units (LMU) are determined by overlaying soil type, land use, slope, and rainfall maps. Determination of survey using purposive sampling with 10 sample and three replications. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory with analysis method Bulk Density (Pycnometer), Porosity (Sample ring), Textures (Pipet), pH (Electrometric), Available P (Olsen method), Available K (NH4Oac 1 N extraction), Kjeldahl (Total N), Base saturation (Ammonium acetate extraction), SOC (Walkey and Black), CEC (Ammonium acetate method). Soil quality assessment was carried out using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to obtain Minimum Data Sets (MDS). Land suitability was evaluated through the matching method with the conditions for growing coconut plants. The analysis showed that the soil quality index had a significant positive correlation with land suitability (r=0.768, p=0.004). The limiting indicators based on the correlation test were BV, pH, available P, organic C, and CEC. Suggested improvement recommendations include applying land cover crops, dolomite, manure, and balanced P fertilization.
What Should We Do with the Oil Palm Solid Waste?
Authors: Budianta Illyin Abdi , Gozan Misri
Published: December 2022

The valorisation of oil palm solid wastes is always a fascinating subject. The palm oil industries produce millions of tons of these high lignocellulose materials in empty fruit bunch, palm kernel shells, fronds, and others. The technological considerations are always based on selecting the best pretreatment methods, fermentation, and chemical processing technologies. Nevertheless, the selected method faces multiple concerns, such as practical, environmental, and economic ones. For example, can we get highly value-added products from these resistant materials without compromising the environment? This mini-review paper discusses various alternatives for solid waste treatment of solid waste to produce high-added-value materials by collecting the previous study from other publications. The development of oil palm biomass biorefinery is expected to increase the sustainability and profitability of the palm oil industry. Further research related to combined technology, economic assessment, and life cycle analysis is required to show the feasibility of the available technology.
Review of Environmental Management System Implementation in The Oil and Gas Company in Indonesia
Authors: Muzanni Adonis , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Martono Dwi Nowo , Hamzah Udi Syahnoedi , Berkademi Wezia , Febraldo David
Published: December 2022

Managing the environment is vital in guaranteeing beneficial effects to environmental action for oil and gas companies. This study aimed to analyze the programs and efforts to prevent environmental pollution by applying the Environmental Management System (EMS) in the oil and gas industry. The most popular, frequently applied EMS is the ISO 14001 and Amdal. This study used a literature review method from 26 literature and three databases: Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria in this study are articles related to the environmental management system in Indonesia’s oil and gas company. This study looked forward to giving insights to the actors in this industry in using the opportunity to invest while implementing efforts to prevent environmental damages and their impacts. Six underlying parts of the choice cycle have been created and utilized in using EMS: strategy/arranging, project appraisal, execution, technical thoroughness, interview, and institutional trustworthiness.
Projection of The Effect of Climate Change on Crop Water Requirements for Rice Plants in Majalengka Regency
Authors: Aji Adam Hastara , Wibowo Adi , Tambunan Mangapul Parlindungan , Putro Dennish Ari
Published: December 2022

Climate change significantly impacted climate conditions and crop water requirements in the Majalengka Regency, a super-priority location related to climate resilience in the agricultural sector. In dealing with the impacts of climate change, the relationship between crop water requirements to climate change could be projected using the General Circulations Model with scenarios of RCP 4.5 (medium-light change) combined with the CROPWAT 8.0 model. This study aimed to determine the effect of climate change and the crop water requirements for rice plants in the three districts with the broadest rice fields in the Majalengka Regency from 2021-2025. This research found that climatic conditions in Majalengka Regency between the year 2021-2025 experienced changes in the average temperature, where the average temperature decreased in 2022 but continued to increase in 2023-2025 with an increase of 0.1°C- 0.24°C. Then from 2023-2025, the average maximum temperature increases by 0.39°C-0.47°C. On the contrary, the total rainfall each year decreased compared to 2021. Based on the calculations, the crop water requirement was always higher than adequate rainfall, so irrigation water was needed. The highest irrigation water requirement had a discharge value of 10.45 l/sec/ha.
Rice Plant Health Spatial Study with Sentinel and SPOT Imagery in Parakansalak District
Authors: Octavia Muthia Tri , Supriatna S.
Published: December 2022

The Rice plant is a food plant cultivated through lowland, one of the world community’s basic needs and source of livelihood for most Indonesian people. However, the amount of rice production in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to the consumption rate of the people, so it needs to get more attention in supporting the realization of food self-sufficiency. One of the efforts to achieve this is made by monitoring, such as health conditions. The purpose of this research is to identify the health condition of rice plants in Parakansalak District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, by applying high-resolution satellite imagery, Sentinel-2 and SPOT-6 processed with NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) algorithm to the monitoring plants health. The result concluded that rice plants have good health with an area of 197 hectares or 52 % of the existing paddy field area by Sentinel-2, and the distribution of NDVI values in higher resolution images SPOT-6 has a similar spatial pattern. This percentage shows that the distribution of NDVI values is relatively high and indicates that the plants have a high density.
Spatial Study of Land Cover Changes and Land Surface Temperature in Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Asi Ariella Novita Hot , Supriatna S. , Zulkarnain Faris
Published: December 2022

The increase in the built-up area in the Jakarta and its surrounding area influences the surrounding area so that there is the propagation of the built-up area and an increase in ground surface temperature. This study aims to analyze the pattern of land cover and land surface temperature in 2004, 2012, and 2020, identify the relationship between NDBI, NDVI, and land surface temperature, and predict land cover and land surface temperature in 2028 in Bekasi Regency. The method used is statistical analysis and prediction analysis with MLP-MC. The results are that the ground surface temperature increase occurred in Bekasi Regency from 2004 – 2020. The increase occurred in the types of built-up land cover such as settlements, industry, and roads. The biggest land cover change occurred in rice fields into settlements. From the statistical results, the mean land surface temperature, settlement land cover, industry, and roads also experienced an increase in temperature. NDBI can be positively correlated with land surface temperature, while NDVI is negatively correlated. In 2028, there will be an increase in the settlement area, which also results in a decrease in the areas of rice fields. This also has an impact on increasing the temperature of the land surface in the area that is experiencing changes.
Identification of Potential Groundwater Recharge Zone Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Upstream Cibeet Sub-watershed, Bogor, West Java
Authors: Ivana Jessica , Supriatna L. , Astuti Tri Rani Puji
Published: December 2022

The Upstream Cibeet sub-watershed is part of the Citarum watershed and Cibeet sub-watershed with an area of 69.35 km2. Hydrologically, the upstream part of the watershed usually functions as a recharge area, and its development should be geared towards land conservation and erosion mitigation. Parameters of rainfall, soil type and texture, geology, lineament density, drainage density, geomorphology, and land cover are used in predicting the most potential catchment area. Thematic maps were made for each parameter. Weighting is carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the following results: rainfall 0 %, soil type and texture 34.62 %, geology 24.98 %, lineament density 17.66 %, drainage density 8.57 %, geomorphology 9.34 %, and land cover 4.83 %. The integration of each thematic map resulted in a map with four zonations, namely zone of poor (4.93 %), fair (32.67 %), good (60.58 %), and very good (1.81 %) recharge potential. Based on the groundwater table contour, groundwater mimics the surface topography and flows from the south to the north and northeast part of the study area. Geological structures in the study area possess a NE-SW and NW-SE trend with a normal oblique regime. Structural damage zones are predicted to function as conduits for water movement, especially in volcanic and intrusion lithology.
Study the Relationship of Soil Fertility with Land Suitability For Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Development in Bandar Sub-district, Pacitan District
Authors: Irawan Suko , Antriyandarti Ernoiz , Suprihatin Dewi Nawang , Pangesti Anggityas Werdining
Published: December 2022

This study aims to assess the soil fertility index (SFI) under the shade of coffee and its relationship with land suitability to provide recommendations for improving arabica coffee productivity. This research was conducted in Bandar Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, using an exploratory, descriptive survey method. Land Map Units (LMU) are determined by overlaying soil type, land use, slope, and rainfall maps. Determination of survey points using purposive sampling with 10 sample points and three replications. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Soil quality assessment was carried out using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to obtain Minimum Data Sets (MDS). Land suitability was evaluated through the matching method with the conditions for growing arabica coffee. The analysis showed that the soil fetility index had a significant positive correlation with land suitability (r=0.806, p=0.002). The limiting indicators based on the correlation test were SOC, pH, available P, and Base Saturation. Suggested improvement recommendations include applying land cover crops and balanced P fertilization.
The Usage of Public Open Spaces in Candi Baru, Semarang
Authors: Kiswari Maria Damiana Nestri , Yuliastuti Nany , Sudarwanto Budi
Published: December 2022

Public open space has a role in making settlements more comfortable and liveable. However, they were generally found deserted, unmaintained, and dull. Candi Baru (New Candi) was a residential area in Semarang located in the southern area, which is a highland. The residential area was designed by Thomas Karsten, a Dutch architect and urban planner during the colonial administration. The concept design of Candi Baru implemented by Thomas Karsten was similar to Garden City’s concept. From the previous discussions about the Candi Baru area, there was a gap in the use of public open spaces based on the spatial justice aspect. So, this paper aims to identify the use of public open spaces based on spatial justice for three parks in Candi Baru: the Sudirman, Merapi, and Diponegoro parks. For the identification, a qualitative method was implemented to describe spatial justice in the current usage of the three public open spaces. Therefore, the result of the paper will equip the understanding of the existence of public open spaces in the colonial urban area, which was inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
Monitoring 20 Years of Land Cover Change Dynamics in The Satellite Cities of Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rachma Tia Rizka Nuzula , Silalahi Florence Elfriede Sinthauli , Oktaviani Nadya
Published: December 2022

As the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta has eight satellite cities as the supporting areas, namely Bogor Regency, Bogor City, Depok City, Tangerang City, Tangerang Regency, South Tangerang City, Bekasi City, and Bekasi Regency. The rapid urbanization in Jakarta is driving the growth of these areas. One of the impacts of urban growth is the land cover change that can be observed through multitemporal satellite imagery. This study analyses the land cover change within 20 years in urban and non-urban areas. The data used are Landsat satellite imagery and Indonesian base maps validated by ESRI World Imagery. In this study, satellite imagery is processed into predetermined classes. The analysis process by comparing land cover classes between 2001 and 2021 and calculating the area of each class in each regency/city. The results show that dense and evenly distributed urban growth occurs throughout the “City” area. Attention must be given to the government of Bekasi City, Tangerang City, South Tangerang City, and Depok City because the built area already exceeds 70% of the city area.