Nursing assistance aimed at the health of woman in front of complicable conditions of puerperia: an integrative review
Authors: Andrade Veronica de Santana , Santos Ana Emilia Alves dos , Costa Dalmo de Moura , Carregosa Fernando josé Santana , Carvalho Fabio Luiz Oliveira de , Rezende Allan Andrade 
Published: January 2024

The puerperal period is understood as the immediate puerperium which corresponds to the time that follows the dehiscence of the placenta extending to the 10th day after delivery, the late period corresponds to the 11th to the 45th day and the remote period is from the 45th day after delivery. During this phase the woman goes through several physiological changes, but which have the capacity to reflect on an exposure to risks for the development of pathologies characteristic of the puerperal period. It is then up to the professional nurse to offer individualized assistance depending on the needs of the puerperal woman, promoting integral and qualified care. The research has as a general objective to understand the nursing care to women's health facing the complications in the puerperium and as specific objectives to understand the factors that interfere with the comprehensive care to women in the midst of the puerperal period; discuss the biopsychosocial changes that affect women during pregnancy and postpartum; discuss the main complications of the puerperal phase; identify the roles of nursing professionals in promoting care for women in the puerperium period. This work corresponds to an integrative literature review, which used the following descriptors: "Nursing Care" "Comprehensive Health Care", "Puerperal Disorders", "Postpartum Period". Studies published from 2017 to the present day were used, in databases such as MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, IBECS, CUMED, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, CVSP - Brazil and Sec. Munic. Saúde SP. In sequence, the gestational period is responsible for provoking several transformations in the woman, which are considered physiological and are directed to the physical and psychological conditions and the modifications continue happening during the puerperium in which there is the return to the pre-pregnancy state, thus the woman is exposed to conditions of vulnerability due to this whole process. When a disorder occurs in the transformations puerperal pathologies show up and are then evidenced as the main complications the infections, hemorrhage, and problems associated with the breasts, as well as the occurrence of psychological changes that can be seen in the midst of the puerperium. Thus, the nurse must act providing guidance about all the changes that the female body undergoes during this phase even though they are considered physiological, highlighting signs that are warning signs of complications and perform nursingconsultation with a focus on humanization keeping a holistic view to evaluate the biopsychosocial aspects and thus be able to identify the needs and possible complications that the puerpera presents, to offer assistance in a systematized way. Therefore, nurses should act to prevent changes that can affect the health of women in the gravidic puerperal period and to promote health, ensuring that pathologies are seen early to avoid further aggravation.