bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification against perturbed analyses and observations
Authors: Bowler N. E. , Cullen M. J. P. , Piccolo C.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. It has long been known that verification of a forecast against the sequence of analyses used to produce those forecasts can under-estimate the magnitude of forecast errors. Here we show that under certain conditions the verification of a short-range forecast against a perturbed analysis coming from an ensemble data assimilation scheme can give the same root-mean-square error as verification against the truth. This means that a perturbed analysis can be used as a reliable proxy for the truth. However, the conditions required for this result to hold are rather restrictive: the analysis must be optimal, the ensemble spread must be equal to the error in the mean, the ensemble size must be large and the forecast being verified must be the background forecast used in the data assimilation. Although these criteria are unlikely to be met exactly it becomes clear that for most cases verification against a perturbed analysis gives better results than verification against an unperturbed analysis. We demonstrate the application of these results in a idealised model framework and a numerical weather prediction context. In deriving this result we recall that an optimal (Kalman) analysis is one for which the analysis increments are uncorrelated with the analysis errors.
Identification of magnetic anomalies based on ground magnetic data analysis using multifractal modeling: a case study in Qoja-Kandi, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Authors: Mansouri E. , Feizi F. , Karbalaei Ramezanali A. A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Ground magnetic anomaly separation using reduction-to-the-pole (RTP) technique and the fractal concentration-area (C-A) method has been applied to the Qoja-Kandi prosepecting area in NW Iran. The geophysical survey that resulted in the ground magnetic data was conducted for magnetic elements exploration. Firstly, RTP technique was applied for recognizing underground magnetic anomalies. RTP anomalies was classified to different populations based on this method. For this reason, drilling points determination with RTP technique was complicated. Next, C-A method was applied on the RTP-Magnetic-Anomalies (RTP-MA) for demonstrating magnetic susceptibility concentration. This identification was appropriate for increasing the resolution of the drilling points determination and decreasing the drilling risk, due to the economic costs of underground prospecting. In this study, the results of C-A Modeling on the RTP-MA are compared with 8 borehole data. The results show there is good correlation between anomalies derived via C-A method and log report of boreholes. Two boreholes were drilled in magnetic susceptibility concentration, based on multifractal modeling data analyses, between 63 533.1 and 66 296 nT. Drilling results show appropriate magnetite thickness with the grades greater than 20 % Fe total. Also, anomalies associated with andesite units host iron mineralization.
On the feasibility of the use of wind SAR to downscale waves on shallow water
Authors: Q. Gutiérrez O. , Filipponi F. , Taramelli A. , Valentini E. , Camus P. , J. Méndez F.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. On the recent years wave reanalysis have become popular as a powerful source of information for wave climate research and engineering applications. These wave reanalysis provide continuous time-series of offshore wave parameters, nevertheless on coastal areas or shallow water waves are poorly described because spatial resolution is not detailed. By means of wave downscaling it is possible to increase spatial resolution in high temporal coverage simulations, using forcing from wind and offshore wave databases. Meanwhile the reanalysis wave databases are enough to describe the wave climate on the limit of simulations, wind reanalysis at an adequate spatial resolution to describe the wind structure near the coast are not frequently available. Remote Sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the ability to detect sea surface signatures and estimate wind field at high resolution (up to 300 m) and high frequency. In this work a wave downscaling is done on the northern Adriatic sea, using an hybrid methodology and Global wave and wind reanalysis as forcing. The wave fields produced were compared to wave fields produced with SAR winds that represent the two dominant wind regimes in the area: the Bora (ENE direction) and Sirocco (SE direction). Results show a good correlation between the waves forced with reanalysis wind and SAR wind. In addition, a validation of reanalysis is shown. This research demonstrates how Earth Observation products, as SAR wind fields, can be successfully up-taken into oceanographic modeling, producing similar downscaled wave field when compared to waves forced with reanalysis wind.
Rhetorical and Real
Authors: Zager Sarah V.
Published: July 2015

This paper argues that Moses Mendelssohn's largely ignored political philosophy is a fertile source for pluralist theories of political judgment. To do this, I argue that his theory of rhetorical publicness offers an important corrective to the theory of political judgment described in Hannah Arendt's Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy. Unlike Arendt's version, Mendelssohn's politics is based on an effort to preserve, and perhaps even celebrate, intersubjective differences. In this way, I suggest that the endemic misinterpretation of Mendelssohn's thought (both by Arendt herself, as well as by contemporary scholars) is more than a historical accident; instead, it provides an instructive historical as well as political theoretical case study.
Sibley and the Limits of Everyday Aesthetics
Authors: Davies David
Published: July 2015

Sherri Irvin has claimed that “our everyday lives have an aesthetic character that is thoroughgoing and available at every moment, should we choose to attend to it.” She defends this claim by appeal to a modified Deweyan conception of the aesthetic. I bring Irvin’s discussion into dialogue with Frank Sibley’s reflections on the limits of the aesthetic in his posthumously published “Tastes, Smells, and Aesthetics.” Sibley uses standing debates on the aesthetic dimensions of tastes and smells as a way of exploring the different conceptions of the “aesthetic” that fund such debates. I use Sibley’s structural analysis of debates about the scope of the aesthetic to call into question the ways in which Irvin uses her modified Deweyan view to extend the notion of the aesthetic to embrace everyday experiences. I argue that, in modifying Dewey’s own account, she effectively eliminates some distinctions that are necessary if the concept of the aesthetic is to play the role accorded to it more generally in sorting our experiences and their objects. I further suggest how we might defend Irvin’s more general claims in terms of a Sibleyan conception of the scope of the aesthetic.
How Do Diaries Begin? The Narrative Rites of Adolescent Diaries in Hungary
Authors: Kunt Gergely
Published: July 2015

This paper examines the narrative tropes of Hungarian adolescent diaries written during and after World War II, primarily focusing on the rhetorical forms of beginning a diary that fall into two categories characteristic of adolescent diary-writing – beginning with an introduction describing the author and their environment, or beginning with a memoir in which the author summarizes the most important events of the period between their birth and the start of the diary. The paper also discusses how adolescents personified their diary books and intended those for their adult selves in the course of diary-writing as dialogue.
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Advancing International Criminal Justice
Authors: Jalloh Charles Chernor
Published: July 2015

The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Advancing International Criminal Justice

This article examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing international criminal justice. I argue that NGOs have had considerable impact by contributing, among other things, to the global struggle against impunity through advocacy for the creation of more robust institutional mechanisms to prosecute those who perpetrate such crimes. This ranges from supporting the processes that led to the creation of several ad hoc international tribunals for Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone, all the way through to their support for the establishment of an independent permanent international penal court based in The Hague. The crux of my claim is that a historically sensitive approach to evaluating the role of NGOs in international governance shows that these entities are not only willing, but also capable of enhancing the protection of human rights and international criminal justice especially but not exclusively in less developed regions of the world.
Avaliação do Nível de Maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos no Setor de Engenharia de Projetos de um Estaleiro de Grande Porte no Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Joao Paulo Nogueira de
Published: July 2015

O presente trabalho visa avaliar o nível de maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos no setor de Engenharia de Projetos de um Estaleiro de grande porte no nordeste brasileiro, a partir da análise das respostas de um questionário desenvolvido por Prado. Para isso os questionários foram distribuídos entre gerentes e coordenadores e os resultados foram analisados através das ferramentas desenvolvidas pelo autor. Esses apontam para um nível de maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos considerado fraco quando comparado com outras empresas de diversos segmentos. Foi constatada a necessidade de planos de melhoria contínua e de processos para o atendimento às boas práticas desenvolvidas pelo PMBOK.
Comprei Meu Carro, o que vem Depois? Análise da Percepção e da Importância Atribuídas por Clientes em Serviços de Pós-Venda
Authors: Comiotto Francisco Dimitrius , Costa Jane Iara Pereira da , Santos Aline Regina , Mondo Tiago Savi
Published: July 2015

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a percepo e a importncia atribuda pelos clientes de concessionrias sobre as aes de ps-venda desempenhadas por tais empresas, na regio de Florianpolis, SC. Tal estudo se originou na curiosidade em desvendar se as prticas de ps-venda so associadas ao produto/servio ou ao consumidor, bem como a avaliao dos clientes sobre tais prticas. Para tanto, empreendeu-se pesquisa exploratria descritiva, de carter quantitativo, mediante levantamento com 400 proprietrios de automveis das marcas JAC, GM, Fiat e Toyota. Os estudos revelam que os clientes associam ps-venda primeiramente aos aspectos de servio (31,4% associam reviso programada) e posteriormente ao relacionamento com o consumidor (9,8% associam a canais de atendimento reclamao). Ainda, algumas aes so percebidas como de alta importncia, mas apresentam baixa satisfao, entre eles esto o rpido atendimento s reclamaes (item de importncia mxima para 66% dos entrevistados, mas pouco satisfatrio para 62%) e a qualidade do atendimento em todos os momentos da experincia de consumo (de mxima importncia para 62%, mas pouco satisfatrio para iguais 62%). Destaca-se que os clientes percebem que o atendimento aps a compra diferente do momento do fechamento da venda. Esta afirmao est baseada na mdia de 2,15, a mais baixa entre as variveis analisadas, com um desvio padro de 0,759 e assimetria negativa de -0,249. A pesquisa suscita o questionamento sobre a importncia do ps-venda na construo de relacionamentos e fidelizao do cliente e instiga um olhar apurado ao tema, tanto no ambiente acadmico como gerencial.
A Satisfação com a Vida Influencia a Intenção de Uso do Facebook?
Authors: De Oliveira Mauro José , Huertas Melby Karina Zuniga
Published: July 2015

Variedade de fatores que influenciam o uso de Redes Sociais (RSs) tem sido foco de pesquisa, mas resultados inconclusivos apresentam um corpo terico em evoluo. Neste estudo, extende-se o modelo proposto por Cheung et al. (2011) para explicar o uso de RSs, adicionando-se Satisfao com a Vida como varivel relacionada. O objetivo foi analisar a relao entre Satisfao com a Vida e Uso de RSs. Um levantamento on-line com brasileiros (n = 1111) revelou influncia de Satisfao com a Vida sobre We-Intention do Uso de RSs Essa relao foi mediada por Norma Subjetiva, Normas de Grupo, Identidade Social, Valor de Entretenimento e Manuteno da Interconectividade Interpessoal. Satisfao com a Vida melhorou o poder explicativo do modelo (R2=0,36) e revelaram-se diferentes arranjos entre os fatores influenciadores do uso de redes sociais pelos brasileiros.
O Efeito do Envelhecimento na Qualidade de Vida e no Comportamento de Consumo
Authors: Paço Arminda
Published: July 2015

O envelhecimento da populao um fenmeno global e uma das mais importantes alteraes demogrficas da histria da humanidade. As previses apontam que em 2050 haver em todo o mundo um maior nmero de pessoas com mais de 60 anos, do que com idade inferior a 15 anos. Estas alteraes demogrficas reforam a importncia do segmento snior para os mercados, pelo que a compreenso dos efeitos do envelhecimento, de como os indivduos se adaptam para manter a sua independncia funcional, da definio de estratgias que propiciem essa mesma independncia e da resposta aos seus desejos, torna-se necessria. O envelhecimento um processo complexo, heterogneo e individual, que provoca alteraes no ser humano na sua componente fsica, psicolgica e social. Estas modificaes influenciam o comportamento de compra e o processo de deciso, sendo motivo de interesse para o Marketing. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a populao idosa, nomeadamente a influncia da idade na qualidade de vida e no Comportamento de Consumo, bem como a relao entre estes dois constructos. A amostra de 150 indivduos, divididos em dois grupos (45-64 anos e 65 anos) foi sujeita a um inqurito por questionrio com duas escalas de anlise: a Escala de Qualidade (WHOQOL-bref) e a Escala de Comportamento de Consumo (EBBT). O estudo revelou a influncia da idade biolgica no domnio fsico da escala de qualidade de vida, no se identificando a influncia da idade biolgica na escala EBBT, nem qualquer tipo de relao estatstica dos resultados obtidos entre as dimenses da escala WHOQOL-bref e as dimenses da escala EBBT.
Construção de Significados Culturais: uma Análise do Mercado de Suco de Uva Orgânico
Authors: Dalmoro Marlon
Published: July 2015

Com um olhar voltado para as redes de significados que envolvem os mercados, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar a construo de significados culturais no mercado de suco de uva orgnico, pelos agentes produtores e consumidores. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de carter interpretativo, por meio de entrevistas junto a 25 consumidores e produtores. A descrio e anlise dos significados culturais considerou o contexto scio-histrico, as interaes entre os agentes (produtores e consumidores) e os significados construdos por cada um dos agentes. Orgnicos so significados como alimento por ambos os agentes, contudo, os demais significados no formam uma rede homognea entre produtores e consumidores. Observa-se que a construo de significados opera em nveis dicotmicos - reflexo do universo cultural de cada agente. Estes resultados contribuem principalmente na compreenso dos padres de produo e consumo que regem o mercado de alimentos, visto que a ausncia de redes de significados consolidadas limita a construo e concretizao de estruturas de mercado de produtos orgnicos.
Um Estudo Sobre o Uso de Ferramentas de Gestão do Marketing de Relacionamento com o Cliente
Authors: Martins Cibele Barsalini , Kniess Claudia Terezinha , Rocha Rudimar Antunes da
Published: July 2015

O artigo destaca a relao entre as ferramentas de gesto do Marketing de Relacionamento com os clientes. As ferramentas auxiliares no processo de Marketing de Relacionamento analisadas foram: o CRM (Customer Relationship Management), os Programas de Fidelizao, o Endomarketing e a Pesquisa de Marketing. O estudo foi do tipo multicasos comparativo em seis empresas, das quais trs delas j implantaram a gesto do Relacionamento com seus clientes, e outras trs empresas que estavam em fase preliminar de implantao destas ferramentas de gesto. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais que atuavam nos trs nveis hierrquicos (estratgico, ttico e operacional) de cada empresa participante, utilizando-se tanto a tcnica de coleta de dados por e-mail quanto entrevista pessoal. A abordagem foi a qualitativa, com anlise fenomenolgica. Constatou-se que a implantao da gesto do Marketing do Relacionamento nas organizaes pesquisadas decorre em um tempo significativo, onde os investimentos ocorreram por presso do ambiente, em especial por perda de mercado, necessidade de fidelizao de clientes, necessidade de melhorar a competitividade, preocupao com o cliente. No ficou evidente que o processo de implantao do Marketing de Relacionamento originou-se do planejamento estratgico e usado de forma proativa.
Quality Function Deployment- QFD Como Ferramenta Estratégica de Marketing
Authors: Santos Rumeninng Abrantes dos , Argoud Ana Rita Tiradentes Terra , Pizzinatto Nadia Kassouf , Antoniolli Pedro Domingos
Published: July 2015

O Quality Function Deployment (QFD) um mtodo estruturado que visa converter as necessidades e desejos dos clientes em caractersticas de qualidade do produto. Desde suas origens, h mais de quarenta anos, tem sido aplicado em diversas organizaes no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos e melhoria dos produtos existentes. Este artigo se prope a demonstrar como o QFD pode ser utilizado como ferramenta estratgica de marketing. O estudo utilizou-se de mtodo de pesquisa qualitativo e de pesquisa bibliogrfica. Os resultados indicam que o uso dos atributos da Casa da Qualidade nas diversas etapas de vendas uma estratgia de diferenciao de mercado e uma grande aplicabilidade do QFD na rea de marketing, que transcende os limites das reas de projeto de produto e de produo.
ИТ БУДУЋНОСТ КОЈА ЈЕ ВЕЋ ПОЧЕЛА
Authors: Novaković Nataša , Mićunović Gordana , Stefanović Goran
Published: July 2015

Са  развојем информационих технологија и њиховим упливом у све области живота и рада човечанство се брзо и неповратно мења. Данас готово да нема послова који  могу да се обаве без коришћења различитих сајтова, програма и апликација. Стручњаци за вештачку интелигенцију у компанији Google, предвиђају да ће до 2029. рачунари бити паметнији од људи, да ће у наредних 15 година постајати све интелигентнији и да ће моћи да разумеју шта говоримо, уче из искуства, шале се, причају приче, па чак и флертују. Медијске организације и новинарство траже начине да се прилагоде новим условима дистрибуције медијског садржаја. Медији, као кључни актери јавне сфере, значајно доприносе квалитету друштвених односа и имају удела у општем, демократском развоју. Њихову улогу су у првој деценији двадесетог века све чешће и све више преузимали експерти организација односа с јавношћу. Најновија искуства великих компанија доносе новине у комуникацији с јавношћу у којима се практично губи улога традиционалних медија. За потребе овог рада спроведено је истраживање медју студентима Учитељског факултета, којима ће, по завршетку школовања, бити поверена нова генерација „дигиталних домородаца“, деце која проводе и по десетак сати дневно за рачунаром.
A Hybrid Approach for Increasing Baffling Factors in Contact Tanks
Authors: Kattnig Justin J. , Venayagamoorthy Subhas K.
Published: July 2015

A novel approach using a hybrid combination of internal baffles and industrial packing material is investigated in order to optimize the hydraulic residence time of a 1,500‐gal rectangular concrete tank. Hydraulic residence time, which is commonly classified using the baffling factor (BF), was determined from residence time distribution curves obtained using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and physical tracer studies. CFD simulations were used to model two scenarios. The first scenario was a base system consisting of an unbaffled concrete tank, and the second scenario was a two‐baffle system. Computational simulation results were experimentally validated via tracer studies on a full‐scale prototype. Modifications to the two scenarios were then experimentally implemented by locally placing random packing material at regions of high velocity and flow separation. Associated results highlight that the hybrid combination of baffling and packing material yielded substantial gains in the BF over systems using only internal baffles or only inlet modification.
Ozone‐Enhanced Biologically Active Filtration for Wastewater Reuse
Authors: Zhu Ivan X. , Wang Jenny , Wieland Arne
Published: July 2015

With climate change, population growth, and water scarcity, there is a growing demand for a sustainable approach to managing water resources. Ozonation followed by biologically active filtration (BAF) recently has drawn interest because of the synergistic effects that enhance performance and reduce operating costs associated with media replacement and ozone dosage. To help guide future process design, a comprehensive pilot study was undertaken to investigate operating parameters of the combined ozonation and BAF process. The study started in January 2014 at Hammarby Sjöstadsverk Wastewater Treatment Plant in Stockholm, Sweden; the process included an ozone contactor and biologically active filters. Anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) produced similar results in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia removal, achieving approximately 50% COD removal and reducing ammonia nitrogen to <0.2 mg/L. Ozone plays an important role in oxidizing micropollutants. GAC demonstrated additional polishing effect for residual micropollutants, whereas anthracite showed additional little removal.
Pop-Quiz Clock for Sale/The Year at a Glance
Authors: Cibes Margaret , Greenwood James
Published: July 2015

The clock shown is a great gift for any mathematician or mathematics teacher. The calculations yield the 12 clock-face values. Let's spend some time checking this unique clock.
Blending Instruction with Khan Academy
Authors: Cargile Lori A.
Published: July 2015

With the proper use of KA, the teacher's role changes from a deliverer of knowledge to a facilitator or an organizer of learning experiences.
Tackling Misconceptions about Linear Associations
Authors: Huey Maryann E. , Baker Deidra L.
Published: July 2015

Algebra students analyze quarterback salaries in a capstone project implementing statistics.
Conceptual Precalculus: Strengthening Students' Quantitative and Covariational Reasoning
Authors: Madison Bernard L. , Carlson Marilyn , Oehrtman Michael , Tallman Michael
Published: July 2015

Sample tasks from two instruments developed by the Mathematical Association of America illustrate specific reasoning abilities that students need to step up to ideas in introductory calculus.
Seasonal shift in timing of vernalization as an adaptation to extreme winter
Authors: Duncan Susan , Holm Svante , Questa Julia , Irwin Judith , Grant Alastair , Dean Caroline
Published: July 2015

The requirement for vernalization, a need for prolonged cold to trigger flowering, aligns reproductive development with favorable spring conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana vernalization depends on the cold-induced epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor locus FLC. Extensive natural variation in vernalization response is associated with A. thaliana accessions collected from different geographical regions. Here, we analyse natural variation for vernalization temperature requirement in accessions, including those from the northern limit of the A. thaliana range. Vernalization required temperatures above 0°C and was still relatively effective at 14°C in all the accessions. The different accessions had characteristic vernalization temperature profiles. One Northern Swedish accession showed maximum vernalization at 8°C, both at the level of flowering time and FLC chromatin silencing. Historical temperature records predicted all accessions would vernalize in autumn in N. Sweden, a prediction we validated in field transplantation experiments. The vernalization response of the different accessions was monitored over three intervals in the field and found to match that when the average field temperature was given as a constant condition. The vernalization temperature range of 0–14°C meant all accessions fully vernalized before snowfall in N. Sweden. These findings have important implications for understanding the molecular basis of adaptation and for predicting the consequences of climate change on flowering time.
Morphine disinhibits glutamatergic input to VTA dopamine neurons and promotes dopamine neuron excitation
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhao Yanfang , Yang Hualan , Luan Wenjie , Song Jiaojiao , Cui Dongyang , Dong Yi , Lai Bin , Ma Lan , Zheng Ping
Published: July 2015

One reported mechanism for morphine activation of dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is the disinhibition model of VTA-DA neurons. Morphine inhibits GABA inhibitory neurons, which shifts the balance between inhibitory and excitatory input to VTA-DA neurons in favor of excitation and then leads to VTA-DA neuron excitation. However, it is not known whether morphine has an additional strengthening effect on excitatory input. Our results suggest that glutamatergic input to VTA-DA neurons is inhibited by GABAergic interneurons via GABAB receptors and that morphine promotes presynaptic glutamate release by removing this inhibition. We also studied the contribution of the morphine-induced disinhibitory effect on the presynaptic glutamate release to the overall excitatory effect of morphine on VTA-DA neurons and related behavior. Our results suggest that the disinhibitory action of morphine on presynaptic glutamate release might be the main mechanism for morphine-induced increase in VTA-DA neuron firing and related behaviors.
Partial Sums of Certain Classes of Meromorphic Functions Related to the Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta Function
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Gaboury S. , Ghanim F.
Published: July 2015

In the present paper, we give sufficient conditions for a function f to be in the subclasses ΣS*a,s(A. B, α, β) and ΣKa,s(A, B, α, β) of the class Σ of meromorphic functions which are analytic in the punctured unit disk U*. We further investigate the ratio of a function related to the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function and its sequence of partial sums.
Metáforas legitimadoras del inmigrante irregular en la prensa norteamericana en lengua española
Authors:   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España), Piñero Piñero Gracia , Moore John ,   University of California San Diego (Estados Unidos)
Published: July 2015

Frente a los estudios del discurso político relacionado con la inmigración, que se han ocupado preferentemente del retrato del inmigrante efectuado por sus detractores, este trabajo descubre la imagen del inmigrante según la dibujan las voces de ideología contraria, que lo defienden y respaldan haciendo uso de un discurso de resistencia, que cuestiona los acontecimientos tal y como los exponen sus adversarios y que presenta su propia interpretación de esos mismos acontecimientos. Para ello, a partir de un corpus constituido por artículos de opinión aparecidos en publicaciones en lengua española específicamente dirigidas a la población hispana residente en el condado estadounidense de San Diego, hemos analizado las metáforas conceptuales y lingüísticas a las que recurren estas voces para reproducir la vida del inmigrante irregular y ciertos aspectos relevantes del universo cognitivo en el que se desenvuelve, tales como el país anfitrión; el permiso de residencia, documento capaz de liberarlo del estigma de ilegal, o la aportación que supone el inmigrante, en opinión de estas voces, para el país receptor. A través de este análisis se comprueba que la metáfora se emplea con la intención de legitimar al inmigrante indocumentado, de convertirlo en miembro competente del orden social establecido; para ello, el usuario aplica una serie de procesos cognitivos, entre los que destaca la elección de dominios fuente, que subrayan insistentemente aquellos aspectos que se pliegan a su ideario y que resultan en un cuerpo conceptual coherente, revelador de la ideología del grupo social que las genera
Ramón de Andrés Díaz: Gramática comparada de las lenguas ibéricas
Authors:   Universidad de Ovied (España), Bleortu Cristina
Published: July 2015

sin resumen
Correlation of Hemorrhage Near Developing Opossum Skull With Pulsed Ultrasound Exposure Parameters
Authors: Kumar Viksit , Bigelow Timothy A. , Mullin Kathleen , Sakaguchi Donald S.
Published: July 2015

Objectives

High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used noninvasively for therapeutic applications. Before HIFU can be used therapeutically on a human fetus, the bioeffects related to HIFU must be studied, and the mechanism causing the bioeffects should be understood. Previous studies have shown that HIFU, when targeted on fetal rat and mice bones. resulted in hemorrhage. However, the mechanism responsible has not been identified. In this study, we looked at ultrasound parameters related to hemorrhage in an effort to better understand the mechanism.

Methods

Brazilian opossum pups (7–8 postnatal days) were exposed to a 1.1‐MHz f/1 spherically focused transducer (6.3 cm focal length). Four treatment groups of n = 14 and a control group of n = 14 were exposed to rarefactional pressures of 3.6 to 6 MPa with spatial‐peak temporal average intensity values of 5.4 to 10.8 W/cm2. The pulse repetition frequency was varied from 500 to 1000 Hz with exposure durations of 1 to 4 minutes.

Results

Four groups with sample sizes of 14 had hemorrhage percentages of 43%, 36%, 29%, and 36%, respectively. Hemorrhage occurrence and size were found to correlate strongly with the nonlinear product of energy density and number of pulses, with correlation values of 0.92 and 0.97, respectively.

Conclusions

The dependence of hemorrhage on energy density and the number of pulses suggests that the hemorrhage may be due to high‐stress, low‐cycle mechanical fatigue damage. Hence, for therapeutic applications, the product of energy density and number of pulses should not exceed a certain predetermined limit.
Design of Albumin‐Coated Microbubbles Loaded With Polylactide Nanoparticles
Authors: Gauthier Marianne , Yin Qian , Cheng Jianjun , O'Brien William D.
Published: July 2015

Objectives

A protocol was designed to produce albumin‐coated microbubbles (MBs) loaded with functionalized polylactide (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) for future drug delivery studies.

Methods

Microbubbles resulted from the sonication of 5% bovine serum albumin and 15% dextrose solution. Functionalized NPs were produced by mixing fluorescent PLA and PLA‐polyethylene glycol‐carboxylate conjugates. Nanoparticle‐loaded MBs resulted from the covalent conjugation of functionalized NPs and MBs. Three NP/MB volume ratios (1/1, 1/10, and 1/100) and unloaded MBs were produced and compared. Statistical evaluations were based on quantitative analysis of 3 parameters at 4 time points (1, 4, 5, and 6 days post MB fabrication): MB diameter using a circle detection routine based on the Hough transform, MB number density using a hemocytometer, and NP‐loading yield based on MB counts from fluorescence and light microscopic images. Loading capacity of the albumin‐coated MBs was evaluated by fluorescence.

Results

Loaded MB sizes were stable over 6 days after production and were not significantly different from that of time‐matched unloaded MBs. Number density evaluation showed that only 1/1 NP/MB volume ratio and unloaded MB number densities were stable over time, and that the 1/1 MB number density evaluated at each time point was not significantly different from that of unloaded MBs. The 1/10 and 1/100 NP/MB volume ratios had unstable number densities that were significantly different from that of unloaded MBs (P < .05). Fluorescence evaluation suggested that 1/1 MBs had a higher NP‐loading yield than 1/10 and 1/100 MBs. Quantitative loading evaluation suggested that the 1/1 MBs had a loading capacity of 3700 NPs/MB.

Conclusions

A protocol was developed to load albumin MBs with functionalized PLA NPs for further drug delivery studies. The 1/1 NP/MB volume ratio appeared to be the most efficient to produce stable loaded MBs with a loading capacity of 3700 NPs/MB.
Transabdominal Sonographic Study of the Cavum Vergae Detection Rate in Healthy Third‐Trimester Fetuses
Authors: Unal Ozlem , Ipek Ali , Keskin H. Levent , Idilman Ilkay , Cay Nurdan , Balaban Mehtap
Published: July 2015

Objectives

We aimed to measure the thickness and volume of the cavum vergae by sonography in fetuses at gestational ages of 25 to 41 weeks to determine the relationship of cavum vergae thickness and volume with gestational age and biparietal diameter and to estimate the rate of cavum vergae closure in relation to gestational age.

Methods

A total of 336 patients in their third trimester of pregnancy had transabdominal sonography. The fetal cavum vergae was scanned in the coronal and axial planes. The thickness of the anteroposterior diameter of the cavum vergae and the largest inner surface were measured after marking the internal borders of the structure, and then longitudinal and vertical sizes were obtained. The values obtained were multiplied by each other and then by 0.52 to obtain the cavum vergae volume.

Results

In 55 of 322 cases, the cavum vergae volume and thickness could not be calculated because the cavum vergae was closed. In the remaining cases, the cavum vergae volume and thickness and biparietal diameter were measured. Although the degree of correlation between cavum vergae thickness and volume increased with increasing gestational age, there was no correlation between cavum vergae thickness and volume at 37 to 41 weeks. There was a positive but weak statistically significant correlation between biparietal diameter and cavum vergae volume (P= .05), but there was no statistically significant correlation between biparietal diameter and cavum vergae thickness. The cavum vergae closure rate increased significantly as gestational age increased (P < .001).

Conclusions

Cavum vergae closure increases as gestational age increases. However, we did not find any relationships between cavum vergae thickness and volume, gestational age, and biparietal diameter.
Head and Neck Ultrasound Education—A Multimodal Educational Approach in the Predoctoral Setting
Authors: Bernard Stewart , Richardson Clare , Hamann Carsten R. , Lee Steve , Dinh Vi Am
Published: July 2015

Objectives

With the increased implementation of ultrasound in medical education, it is important to continually improve instructional methods. In this study, we demonstrate that by augmenting the traditional methods of instructor demonstration and student practice on a healthy volunteer with additional modalities, such as didactic presentation, simulated pathologic cases, and simulated procedures, students gain a more comprehensive understanding of and confidence in ultrasound technique and pathology.

Methods

A multimodal curriculum was developed and applied to head and neck ultrasound sessions of our institution's Ultrasound Symposium. Participants were asked to fill out surveys rating each instructional modality as well as preinstructional and postinstructional confidence. The survey results were divided into a group of first‐ and second‐year medical students who had previous ultrasound training and a group of third‐ and fourth‐year students who were ultrasound “naïve.”

Results

The survey showed that the first‐ and second‐year student group (n = 8) had an average preinstructional confidence of 4.14/10 compared to 1.44/10 in the third‐ and fourth‐year student group (n = 9) (P = .003). Following the instructional sessions, the students' confidence increased respectively to 8.14/10 and 7.78/10 (P= .53), showing a 4.00 (96%) increase in the first‐ and second‐year group and a 6.34 (440%) increase in the third‐ and fourth‐year group. The combined results of all student teaching modality ratings showed that instructor demonstration was rated the highest (9.47) and computerized simulation lowest (8.25).

Conclusions

Overall, our study shows that multimodal ultrasound instruction was beneficial in increasing both ultrasound‐trained and ultrasound‐naïve medical students' confidence in head and neck ultrasound.
Sonographic Features of Superficial‐Type Nodular Fasciitis in the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Lee Kyung Jin , Jin Wook , Kim Gou Young , Rhee Sun Jung , Park So Young , Park Ji Seon , Ryu Kyung Nam
Published: July 2015

Objectives

We evaluated the sonographic features of superficial‐type nodular fasciitis in 9 pathologically proven cases.

Methods

Review of the radiology and pathology databases yielded 14 cases of histologically proven superficial‐type nodular fasciitis, which was defined as nodular fasciitis located in the subcutaneous fat layer or outer muscle fascia between the subcutaneous fat layer and muscle. Sonograms were available in 9 patients. Two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed all cases in consensus. Imaging features evaluated included the fasciitis location in the body, size, relationship with the fascia, echogenicity, vascularity, and location of the center.

Results

There were 4 male and 5 female patients. The mean age was 35 years (range, 8–49 years). The masses ranged in size from 0.8 to 2 cm, with 90% measuring less than 1.8 cm. Five masses developed in the forearm (4 cases) or elbow (1 case). Six masses were located in the subcutaneous fat layer, and 3 masses were in the fascia. Seven masses were in direct contact with the outer muscle fascia, whereas 2 masses were indistinctly in contact with the fascia. These masses showed a hypoechoic background with echogenic foci or peripheral hyperechoic nodules. In all 3 of the masses within the fascia, the findings were similar to those of neurogenic tumors. The vascularity of the masses was variable, but most (7 of 9 cases) showed no substantial vascularity. All masses had centers of less than half the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer.

Conclusions

Superficial‐type nodular fasciitis is often located in the deep subcutaneous fat near the muscle fascia, has a hypoechoic appearance with echogenic foci or peripheral hyperechoic nodules, and quite often does not show internal vascular flow. If a superficial soft tissue mass has the above findings, superficial‐type nodular fasciitis should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography for Monitoring Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Gulati Mittul , Hu James S. , Desai Bhushan , Hwang Darryl H. , Grant Edward G. , Duddalwar Vinay A.
Published: July 2015

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a mainstay in treating soft tissue sarcomas. Soft tissue sarcomas can show an increase in size and central necrosis, with a decrease in the viable tumor, as an initial response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, the maximum tumor diameter may not reliably assess the response to this therapy. Contrast‐enhanced sonography may address this limitation. We evaluated 4 patients with soft tissue sarcomas by contrast‐enhanced sonography, performed concomitantly with conventional imaging (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography). Quantitative analysis was also performed on 1 sarcoma. A viable, enhancing tumor versus tumor necrosis was nearly identical on contrast‐enhanced sonography and conventional imaging. Preliminary results demonstrate potential for contrast‐enhanced sonographic monitoring of soft tissue sarcomas during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Training to Increase Minority Enrollment in Lupus Clinical Trials With Community Engagement: Enhancing Lupus Clinical Trial Recruitment Through Provider and Community Health Worker Engagement
Authors: Sheikh Saira Z. , Englund Tessa , Simkus Andrew , Wanty Nicole , McNeill Annie , Holtz Kristen , Hood Tenesha , Blanks Starla , Allen Maria , Holben Katherine , Anandarajah Allen
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Training to Increase Minority Enrollment in Lupus Clinical Trials with Community Engagement (TIMELY) program on enhancing referrals of underrepresented patients to lupus clinical trials. TIMELY leverages two existing American College of Rheumatology online educational initiatives: Materials to Increase Minority Involvement in Clinical Trials (MIMICT), a continuing medical education activity for health care providers, and the community health worker (CHW) Lupus Clinical Trials Training (LuCTT). TIMELY introduced a unique roundtable meeting format to build on the existing online educational programs and facilitate discussions between local clinical trial sites and provider and CHW participants.

Methods

This study used an online pretest and posttest design to assess changes in theory‐based behavioral predictors of lupus clinical trial referrals and engagement (ie, knowledge, attitudes, self‐efficacy, and intentions) among providers and CHWs. Participants completed MIMICT or LuCTT and then were eligible to participate in roundtable meetings. Paired t‐tests were used to assess changes in composite scores before and after the intervention for each of the outcomes.

Results

The final sample included 40 providers and 18 CHWs. Knowledge scores increased significantly for both providers (P < 0.01) and CHWs (P < 0.001) on completion of MIMICT and LuCTT, respectively. After participating in the TIMELY roundtable, providers’ composite scores for self‐efficacy and intentions significantly increased (P < 0.001). Provider self‐efficacy gains were sustained at three months’ follow‐up (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

These promising findings highlight the potential and opportunities for the TIMELY program to improve behavioral predictors of trial referrals, including CHW knowledge and providers’ knowledge, self‐efficacy, and intentions to refer underrepresented patients to lupus clinical trials.
Metamaterial‐Based Electronic Skin with Conformality and Multisensory Integration
Authors: Li Nan , Liu Liwu , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong
Published: August 2024

Mechanical metamaterials (MMs) receive widespread attention due to their unprecedented mechanical properties. However, in the next‐generation MMs, the cognitive function of information processing can be realized while maintaining superior mechanical properties. Herein, a mechanical metamaterial‐based self‐powered electronic skin (e‐skin) with multimodal fusion perception capability and shape memory reconfigurability is proposed. Benefiting from an MM skeleton and its analytical model, e‐skin realizes biomimetic nonlinear mechanical behavior and mechanical reconfigurability to imitate target biotissues. Its integrated perovskite‐based elastic sensors enable high‐precision collection of physiological movements and auditory, tactile, and precontact distance signals. Further, by imitating the integration and interaction functions in biological multisensory neural networks, the system achieves advanced cognitive functions of acquiring, identifying, and integrating information across modalities. Applications of e‐skin are demonstrated in motion monitoring, speech recognition, and somatosensory game operation. These capabilities can be applied to cross‐modal perception robot systems based on multisensory neural networks.
Electron Rich Guest Regulated Enhanced CO2 Reduction in a Multivariate Porous Coordination Polymer
Authors: Jena Rohan , Rahimi Faruk Ahamed , Karmakar Sanchita , Dey Anupam , Kalita Daizy , Das Tarak Nath , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: August 2024

The need for carbon‐neutralization technologies has prompted significant interest in developing materials for CO2 reduction. Donor–acceptor (D–A) based flexible porous coordination polymers {[Zn(o‐phen)(ndc)].(guest)}n, (guest = anthracene = 1‐Ant, and pyrene = 1‐Pyr) are reported as photocatalysts for CO2RR, yielding higher order CH4 product. Electron‐rich anthracene (Ant) and pyrene (Pyr) guests are confined within nanopores, forming D–A charge transfer (CT) complexes with o‐phen ligand of the host. CT interaction enhances visible light absorption and modulates excitonic properties of the photocatalyst by electronic push‐pull effect (exciton binding energy 87 meV for 1‐Ant and 104 meV for 1‐Pyr). Electron donation capability varies from Pyr to Ant, affecting catalytic properties; 1‐Ant yields 1.24 mmolg−1 of CH4 (0.47 mmolg−1 for 1‐Pyr) with CO as minor product. A mixed‐metal multivariate PCP {[Zn0.55Co0.45(o‐phen)(ndc)].(Ant)}n, (1′‐Ant) prepared based on solid‐solution approach by substituting Zn(II) with redox‐active Co(II) enhances CH4 production (2.79 mmolg−1, ≈94% selectivity). D–A CT complex harvests visible light and channels electrons to Co(II) for CO2RR. In situ DRIFTS and theoretical studies elucidate Co(II) site's role in CO2 binding and stabilizing reaction intermediates. This work underscores guest‐modulated electron transfer in PCPs for tailoring catalytic properties by introducing a redox‐active metal in a multivariate approach.
Convert Polymer Self‐Assembly Nanostructures into Target Functional Materials: An Art of Embattling Molecules
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Zheng Xiaotong , Li Yurong , Yao Xuan , Wang Haibin , Song Xiaoyan
Published: August 2024

Material design based on the assembly of functional units has demonstrated tremendous technical and commercial potential. Among others, polymers are identified to be an ideal building block due to their abundant functional groups, high programmability, and great biocompatibility. In this review, introducing recently developed advanced materials enabled by rationally designed polymer self‐assembly are focussed. The working principle of typical intermolecular interactions to shape nano‐patterns and structural heterogeneity is first explained in detail. Following that, methods to prepare advanced materials and their characteristic properties are discussed. The superior performance of polymer assemblies renders numerous potential applications in ultra‐tough devices, soft robotics, electronics, sensors, and biomedicine. A brief account of representative examples is highlighted and a perspective on this field is provided at the end.
Novel Nano Drug‐Loaded Hydrogel Coatings for the Prevention and Treatment of CAUTI
Authors: Wu Jibin , Yan Jianling , Xu Sijia , Zou Xuan , Xu Yinghua , Jin Xiaobao , Lu Xuemei , Gui Shuiqing
Published: August 2024

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a prevalent type of hospital‐acquired infection, affecting approximately 15% to 25% of patients with urinary catheters. Long‐term use of the catheter can lead to colonization of microorganisms and biofilm formation, and may develop into bacterial CAUTI. However, the frequent replacement of catheters in clinical settings can result in tissue damage, inflammation, ulceration, and additional complications, causing discomfort and pain for patients. In light of these challenges, a novel nanodrug‐supported hydrogel coating called NP‐AM/FK@OMV‐P/H has been developed in this study. Through in vitro experiments, it is confirmed that OMV nano‐loaded liquid gel coating has an effective reaction against E.coli HAase and releases antibacterial drugs. This coating has also demonstrated strong inhibition of E.coli and has shown the ability to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm. These findings highlight the potential of the OMV nanoparticle gel coating in preventing and treating bacterial infections. Notably, NP‐AM/FK@OMV‐P/H has exhibited greater efficacy against multidrug‐resistant E.coli associated with UTIs compared to coatings containing single antimicrobial peptides or antibiotics. Additionally, it has demonstrated good biosecurity. In conclusion, the NP‐AM/FK@OMV‐P/H coating holds great potential in providing benefits to patients with CAUTI.