bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DELINQUÊNCIA JUVENIL: RELAÇÕES ENTRE DESENVOLVIMENTO, FUNÇÕES EXECUTIVAS E COMPORTAMENTO SOCIAL NA ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: Komatsu André Vilela , Costa Rafaelle CS , Bazon Marina Rezende
Published: September 2018

Funções Executivas (FEs) são processos mentais de ordem superior, necessários para o controle emocional, cognitivo e comportamental. A adolescência é uma etapa crucial para o desenvolvimento das FEs. Defasagens/Déficits nas funções dificultam/impossibilitam comportamentos sociais adequados e aumentam o risco para problemas de comportamento (dentre os quais a prática de delitos). O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma revisão integrativa do conhecimento científico produzido em torno das relações entre FEs e comportamento delituoso na adolescência e discutir as implicações disso para programas de prevenção e tratamento/acompanhamento socioeducativo. A literatura aponta que as FEs podem se relacionar com o comportamento delituoso de forma indireta e direta. Indiretamente, disfunções executivas contribuem para a existência de dificuldades de ajustamento ao meio acadêmico e laboral, aumentando as chances de o adolescente se afastar dessas instituições sociais, de regulação da conduta, e se envolver com práticas divergentes. Diretamente, disfunções executivas, especialmente no plano do controle de impulsos, contribuem para a emissão de delitos específicos e para a violência. A literatura indica que as FEs podem ser estimuladas e desenvolvidas. Ações preventivas podem ser implementadas desde os primeiros meses de vida até à adolescência, no âmbito da família e da escola. Ações de tratamento devem focalizar as FEs mais diretamente relacionadas aos problemas manifestos e levar em consideração fatores contraproducentes ao desenvolvimento das FEs, como o estresse, o isolamento social/emocional e a saúde como um todo. Salienta-se que é necessário integrar esses conhecimentos às legislações e políticas públicas brasileiras.
DAS 11 ILHAS AO CENTRO DO ARQUIPÉLAGO: OS SUPERPODERES DO PRESIDENTE DO STF DURANTE O RECESSO JUDICIAL E FÉRIAS
Authors: Gomes Neto José Mário Wanderley , Lima Flávia Danielle Santiago
Published: September 2018

Compete ao Ministro Presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal a apreciação de “questões urgentes” (art. 13, VIII, RISTF), nos períodos de recesso e nas férias coletivas dos ministros (janeiro e julho). Durante este breve momento, as normas acima referidas ampliam a competência decisória da Presidência do Tribunal, permitindo-lhe conhecer e decidir as mais diversas questões, bem como concentram todas as resoluções na pessoa de quem esteja no exercício da função neste período excepcional (Presidente ou Vice-Presidente). Mas como descrever o comportamento deste relevante ator jurídico-político durante este período, diante dos diversos modelos explicativos da denominada Política Judicial (Judicial Politics)? Para responder a esta pergunta, emprega-se uma metodologia exploratória e descritiva, com exposição das normas que regulam o papel do Presidente do Tribunal e suas atividades durante o recesso (modelo legal-institucional), com discussão – a partir de decisões tomadas (casos) – das suas possibilidades de interação com os demais atores políticos (modelo estratégico). Trata-se de análise de caso qualitativa, que aborda decisões tomadas durante os recessos de 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 e 2018, abrangendo a Presidência de quatro Ministros do STF. Referida análise justifica-se pelo objetivo de compreender como é construída a concepção de urgência, para efeitos de atuação do Ministro Presidente durante o período excepcional. Conclui-se que, no puzzle da formação da agenda decisória judicial, o desenho normativo do Tribunal assegura ao Presidente instrumentos processuais que viabilizam uma ampla gama de possibilidades decisórias, explicativas da inserção deste ator específico no concerto entre os poderes da República e suas relações com a sociedade.
ENSAIO JURÍDICO SOBRE A RACIONALIDADE HUMANA: MAIORES, CAPAZES E IRRACIONAIS
Authors: Perin Schmidt Neto André , Facchini Neto Eugênio
Published: September 2018

O artigo discute o acerto da pressuposição de que pessoas maiores e capazes sempre agem livremente e realizam escolhas racionais, sendo, portanto, juridicamente responsáveis pelos seus comportamentos. O tema da racionalidade humana é revisitado a partir das noções científicas provenientes da psicologia comportamental e da economia comportamental. Insights oriundos dessas áreas demonstram como os processos psicológicos de tomada de decisão são complexos e nem sempre racionais. Processos mentais denominados de ajustamento, ancoragem, disponibilidade e representatividade são inconscientemente utilizados quando tomamos decisões. Características humanas como o superotimismo e a aversão a perdas também estão presentes. O resultado da conjunção desses fatores é que tomamos decisões que nem sempre passam pelo teste da racionalidade. Seres humanos são influenciáveis e sugestionáveis. Dominando determinadas técnicas, agentes econômicos induzem consumidores e outras pessoas vulneráveis a tomarem decisões que nem sempre consultam seus próprios interesses. Embora a ciência jurídica não possa prescindir do pressuposto da liberdade com responsabilidade, ligando consequências jurídicas a condutas aparentemente livres e desejadas, não pode o Direito desconhecer a fragilidade da base sobre a qual se assentam alguns institutos jurídicos, especialmente no campo da responsabilidade contratual e extracontratual. O artigo conclui apontando alguns efeitos jurídicos possíveis do reconhecimento desse déficit de racionalidade humana. A originalidade do artigo consiste em chamar a atenção dos juristas para os potenciais efeitos jurídicos da irracionalidade do agir humano, visando ampliar a proteção jurídica da pessoa humana. Utilizou-se o método dialético, lançando-se mão de pesquisa bibliográfica básica, visando sua aplicação, com abordagem qualitativa.
ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA ORIENTAÇÃO DE CIDADÃOS COMO MÉTODO PARA OTIMIZAR DECISÕES PÚBLICAS POR MEIO DA TÉCNICA NUDGE
Authors: Souza Luciana Cristina , Ramos Karen Tobias França , Perdigão Sônia Carolina Romão Viana
Published: September 2018

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a viabilidade de aplicação da Teoria Nudge de Thaler e Sunstein em processos decisórios públicos envolvendo Estado e cidadãos. A formulação de agenda e outras etapas das políticas públicas devem ser abertas à participação popular de acordo com a Constituição da República de 1988, que agora completa 30 anos de vigência. Este é o modelo democrático assumido pelo Estado brasileiro quando de sua redemocratização após longo período de ditadura militar. No entanto, como outrora alertou Tocqueville, democracias diretas em países com grandes populações são muito complexas. Considerando este desafio, é preciso refletir sobre metodologias de participação política que permitam organizar e otimizar as decisões públicas envolvendo cidadãos, motivo pelo qual se analisa a efetivação desta atuação da Sociedade civil por meio da aplicação da Teoria Nudge. Por meio da metodologia jurídico-compreensiva, aliada à perspectiva sociopolítica e constitucional da democracia brasileira, descreveu-se como o nudge poderia ser potencialmente aplicado, in casu, em audiências públicas.
A FALIBILIDADE DA MEMÓRIA NOS RELATOS TESTEMUNHAIS: AS IMPLICAÇÕES DAS FALSAS MEMÓRIAS NO CONTEXTO DOS CRIMES CONTRA A DIGNIDADE SEXUAL
Authors: Viana Caroline Navas
Published: September 2018

Este artigo busca desvendar, pela perspectiva dos estudos sobre Falsas Memórias, a falibilidade dos relatos testemunhais no Processo Penal, em especial nos casos em que a prova oral é aceita como exclusivo meio probatório para a resolução do litígio. Sob o entendimento que a memória humana é falha, estando sujeita ao esquecimento e contaminações, percebeu-se que o relato testemunhal, bem como o reconhecimento de pessoas pela vítima, nem sempre será preciso e fidedigno, estando estes processos sujeitos a erros que podem culminar em desastrosas consequências no Processo; em especial quando estuda-se os crimes contra a dignidade sexual, os quais dependem em grande medida da prova testemunhal para sua solução. O estudo das Falsas Memórias no Direito se faz indispensável, na medida que ao entender o melhor funcionamento do fenômeno, podem ser tomadas atitudes que facilitam a identificação da problemática, bem como medidas que visem a redução dos danos, tornando a prova testemunhal um meio probatório mais seguro. Por esta razão neste trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa do tema, é realizado um estudo sobre a prova testemunhal, sobre o funcionamento da memória humana e sobre os diversos aspectos que circundam o fenômeno das Falsas Memórias. Tendo constatado a fragilidade do testemunho, sob a ótica da falibilidade da memória, este trabalho se mostra valoroso, sobretudo, enquanto aponta o quão defasado está o tratamento dado a prova testemunhal e quão grave são suas consequências.
REDUZINDO A TRIBUTAÇÃO COGNITIVA: LIÇÕES COMPORTAMENTAIS PARA A DIMINUIÇÃO DOS EFEITOS PSICOLÓGICOS ADVERSOS DA POBREZA
Authors: Silva Leandro Novais e , Teixeira Luiz Felipe Drummond , Soares Gabriel Salgueiro , Santos Otávio Augusto Andrade
Published: September 2018

A finalidade deste artigo é demonstrar que a pobreza impõe maiores custos cognitivos para a tomada de decisões. Utilizou-se o método de revisão bibliográfica, mediante a extensa análise de pesquisas empíricas das ciências comportamentais. Inicialmente, apresentam-se os pressupostos teóricos da Economia Comportamental, bem como a Teoria dos Prospectos, os Descontos Intertemporais Hiperbólicos e o Esgotamento do Ego. Posteriormente, discute-se como a pobreza potencializa vieses cognitivos, utilizando-se, como exemplo, uma maior aversão ao risco e maiores descontos intertemporais. Cria-se, então, uma verdadeira tributação cognitiva, visto que as decisões econômicas na pobreza são mais custosas cognitivamente. Contribuem para esse cenário, principalmente, um esgotamento do ego mais intenso, cumulado com a diminuição das funções cognitivas, maiores índices de stress e o foco atencional voltado para a escassez. Por fim, discute-se como as agendas de políticas públicas poderiam se pautar na utilização, sobretudo, de nudges como mecanismo de combate aos efeitos da tributação cognitiva. Para isso, serão analisados três exemplos de políticas públicas: duas que funcionam considerando aspectos comportamentais e o PRONATEC, que, por desconsiderá-los, tem conseguido menos êxito do que poderia. Conclui-se, em suma, que a pobreza - por si só - impõe severos custos cognitivos para o processo decisório. A agenda de políticas públicas poderia, nesse contexto, ser aprimorada por meio das teorias econômico-comportamentais, para facilitar a decisão em condição de pobreza. Finalmente, o trabalho destaca a importância dessa agenda de pesquisa, ressaltando a necessidade de dados para contribuições mais efetivas.
HÉRCULES, HERMES E A PEQUENA SEREIA: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE ESTEREÓTIPOS DE GÊNERO, SUBPRESENTAÇÃO DAS MULHERES NOS TRIBUNAIS E A (I)LEGITIMIDADE DEMOCRÁTICA DO PODER JUDICIÁRIO
Authors: Reis Jane , De Oliveira Renan Medeiros
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo explorar as correlações entre os estereótipos de gênero, déficits de representatividade feminina nas cúpulas do poder judiciário e o debate sobre a (i)legitimidade democrática deste ramo de poder. Em primeiro lugar, apresentamos a divisão público-privado na teoria feminista e analisamos os arquétipos do juiz ideal na teoria jurídica. Para isso, recorremos à metodologia da revisão bibliográfica. Em sequência, fazemos um levantamento de dados sobre a composição dos órgãos de cúpula do poder judiciário, com foco nos tribunais superiores e na justiça federal, que demonstram baixa representatividade de gênero e indicam uma tendência à estratificação na composição desses setores. Por fim, com base na análise dos dados, desenvolvemos a tese prescritiva de que o incremento da diversidade na composição da magistratura é um requisito para a afirmação da sua legitimidade democrática. Em conclusão, formulamos uma defesa não essencialista do equilíbrio de gênero na composição dos órgãos do judiciário, escorada na premissa de que a diversidade nos órgãos estatais é uma exigência do princípio democrático. A conexão entre representatividade como pressuposto da legitimidade democrática do judiciário é um tópico ainda pouco explorado, que ganha relevância no contexto em que se dissemina a ideia de que as cortes constitucionais têm papel representativo.
SAR-SHARPENING IN THE KENNAUGH FRAMEWORK APPLIED TO THE FUSION OF MULTI-MODAL SAR AND OPTICAL IMAGES
Authors: Schmitt A. , Wendleder A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Kennaugh framework turned out to be a powerful tool for the preparation of multi-sensor SAR data during the last years. Using intensity-based (an-) isotropic diffusion algorithms like the Multi-scale Multi-looking or the Schmittlets, even robust pre-classification change detection from multi-polarized images is enabled. The only missing point so far, namely the integration of multi-mode SAR data in one image, is accomplished in this article. Furthermore, the Kennaugh decomposition is extended to multi-spectral data as well. Hence, arbitrary Kennaugh elements, be it from SAR or optical images, can be fused. The mathematical description of the most general image fusion is derived and applied to four scenarios. The validation section considers the distribution of mean and gradient in the original and the fused images by the help of scatter plots. The results prove that the fused images adopt the spatial gradient of the input image with a higher geometric resolution and preserve the local mean of the input image with a higher polarimetric and thus also radiometric resolution. Regarding the distribution of the entropy and alpha angle, the fused images are always characterized by a higher variance in the entropy-alpha-plane and therewith, a higher resolution in the polarimetric domain. The proposed algorithm guarantees optimal information integration while ensuring the separation of intensity and polarimetric/spectral information. The Kennaugh framework is ready now to be used for the sharpening of multi-sensor image data in the spatial, radiometric, polarimetric, and even spectral domain.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF AERIAL IMAGERY VIA MULTI-SCALE SHUFFLING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS WITH DEEP SUPERVISION
Authors: Chen K. , Weinmann M. , Sun X. , Yan M. , Hinz S. , Jutzi B. , Weinmann M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we address the semantic segmentation of aerial imagery based on the use of multi-modal data given in the form of true orthophotos and the corresponding Digital Surface Models (DSMs). We present the Deeply-supervised Shuffling Convolutional Neural Network (DSCNN) representing a multi-scale extension of the Shuffling Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) with deep supervision. Thereby, we take the advantage of the SCNN involving the shuffling operator to effectively upsample feature maps and then fuse multiscale features derived from the intermediate layers of the SCNN, which results in the Multi-scale Shuffling Convolutional Neural Network (MSCNN). Based on the MSCNN, we derive the DSCNN by introducing additional losses into the intermediate layers of the MSCNN. In addition, we investigate the impact of using different sets of hand-crafted radiometric and geometric features derived from the true orthophotos and the DSMs on the semantic segmentation task. For performance evaluation, we use a commonly used benchmark dataset. The achieved results reveal that both multi-scale fusion and deep supervision contribute to an improvement in performance. Furthermore, the use of a diversity of hand-crafted radiometric and geometric features as input for the DSCNN does not provide the best numerical results, but smoother and improved detections for several objects.
INFRARED MEASUREMENTS AND ESTIMATION OF TEMPERATURE IN THE RESTRICTIVE SCOPE OF AN INDUSTRIAL CEMENT PLANT
Authors: Gabriel R. , Keller S. , Matthes J. , Waibel P. , Keller H. B. , Hinz S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the process of estimating reflectance corrected temperatures based on infrared measurements in the scope of an industrial cement production plant. We overview the underlying cement production phases, as well as the resulting challenges for infrared-based monitoring in such an industrial environment. Our studies are focused particularly on the use of infrared sensors in the clinker cooling process. Using a highly specialized infrared camera (10.6 μm), a dataset is obtained capturing the radiation emissions of cement clinker during the clinker cooling process at a cement plant. We briefly turn on the necessity of image preprocessing and then focus on calculating reflectance corrected thermal images for temperature estimation without the use of reference markers or additional instrumentation. This study represents the first usage of infrared camera-based measurements in the clinker cooling process. The main contributions, a recorded dataset and two proposed estimation models including a linear model and a machine learning model with their respective temperature estimations, will provide the basis for the extraction of further process characteristics. Therefore, our contributions will enable scientists as well as process operators to gain new insights about the cement clinker cooling process and to optimize the cement cooling and production process automatically.
ULTRASONIC BASED HEADING ESTIMATION FOR AIDING LAND VEHICLE NAVIGATION IN GNSS DENIED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Moussa M. , Moussa A. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper introduces a novel approach for land vehicles navigation in GNSS denied environment by aiding the Inertial Navigation System (INS) with a very low-cost ultrasonic sensor using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to bound its drift during GNSS blockage through a heading change update to enhance the navigation estimation.The ultrasonic sensor is mounted on the body of the car facing the direction of the car motion and behind the front right wheel, a wooden surface is mounted on the car body on the other side of this wheel with a constant distance between the sensor and this surface. The ultrasonic sensor measures this range as long as the car moving straight. When orientation changes, the ultrasonic sensor senses the range to the front right wheel. The relation between the range and the estimated GNSS/INS change of heading during GNSS availability is estimated through a linear regression model. During GNSS signal outage, the ultrasonic sensor provides heading change update to the INS standalone navigation solution.Experimental road tests were performed, and the results show that the navigation states estimation using the proposed aiding is improved compared with INS standalone navigation solution during GNSS signal outage. For multiple GNSS outages of 60 seconds, the inclusion of the proposed update reduced the position RMSE to around 80 % of its value when using the non-holonomic constraints and velocity update only.
APPLICATION OF SIMPLIFIED SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE INDEX (S-SEBI) FOR CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING LANDSAT 8
Authors: Basit A. , Khalil R. Z. , Haque S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Assessment and monitoring of crop water requirement (CWR) or crop evapotranspiration (ETc) over a large spatial scale is the critical component for irrigation and drought management. Due to growing competition and increasing shortage of water, careful utilization of water in irrigation is essential. The usage of water for irrigation/agriculture is a top priority for countries like Pakistan, where the GDP mostly based on agriculture, and its scarcity may affect the crop production. Remote sensing techniques can be used to estimate crop water requirement or crop evapotranspiration which can help in efficient irrigation. Simplified-surface energy balance index (SSEBI) model is used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) of wheat during 2015–16 growing period in Tando Adam, Sindh. Landsat-8 satellite data for the corresponding years were used. With the help of National Agromet Centre report chart of Crop coefficient (Kc) the CWR, ETc of all phonological stages were estimated. Results indicated that maximum ET and maximum CWR were found in the third leaf to tillering stage with a value of 0.75 and 0.89 respectively. This study will help in managing and monitoring of ET spatial distribution over irrigated crops which results in better irrigation scheduling and water consumption.
COMPARISON OF METHODS TO MAP SELECTED TRAFFIC MARKINGS ON FIRST CLASS ROADS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Šafář V. , Karas J. , Černota P. , Pospíšil J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The article presents conclusions of a comprehensive analysis of pilot data collection using four mapping methods. To validate mapping methods and procedures, we selected three ten-kilometer sections of the first class roads with different geomorphological, vegetative and transportation properties. All sections were measured by aerial photogrammetry using GSD = 4 cm, mobile laser scanning equipment linked with cameras, by geodetic surveying methods, and one section was also measured by UAV. The tested methods mapped selected features of vertical and horizontal traffic markings on the first class roads. The traffic marking measuring sets were analyzed from the perspectives of personnel, time, data, costs, and technological and organizational aspects. All the mapping methods were verified as mentioned above starting from work preparation phase, its terrain realization, captured data processing and detailed analysis, concluding with stating the advantages and disadvantages for each mapping method. One of the analysis outputs was proposals to change and refine road administrator’s regulations. The mapping methods were compared with geodetic measurements. Analyses were also carried out in the context of creating digital data in 3D for the realization of BIM (Building Information Modeling) digital data in connection with the concept of the European Parliament and Council Directive 2014/24 / EU on Public Procurement, and Czech Government Decree 682 on the Concept of Implementation of the BIM Method in the Czech Republic of 25 September 2017 and Decree 958 of the Government of the Czech Republic of 2 November 2016 on the importance of BIM for the construction engineering and proposal of further steps to introduce it in the Czech Republic.
LIGHT FIELD CAMERA AS TOOL FOR FORENSIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Sieberth T. , Wackrow R. , Hofer V. , Barrera V.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Light field cameras record both the light intensity received by the sensor and the direction in which the light rays are travelling through space. Recording the additional information of the direction of Light rays provides the opportunity to refocus an image after acquisition. Furthermore, a depth image can be created, providing 3D information for each image pixel. Both, focused images and 3D information are relevant for forensic investigations. Basic overview images are often acquired by photographic novices and under difficult conditions, which make refocusing of images a useful feature to enhance information for documentation purposes. Besides focused images, it can also be useful to have 3D data of an incident scene. Capital crime scenes such as homicide are usually documented in 3D using laser scanning. However, not every crime scene can be identified as capital crime scene straight away but only in the course of the investigation, making 3D data acquisition of the discovery situation impossible. If this is the case, light field images taken during the discovery of the scene can provide substantial 3D data. We will present how light field images are refocused and used to perform photogrammetric reconstruction of a scene and compare the generated 3D model to standard photogrammetry and laser scanning data. The results show that refocused light field images used for photogrammetry can improve the photogrammetry result and aid photogrammetric processing.
COMBINING AIRBORNE OBLIQUE CAMERA AND LIDAR SENSORS: INVESTIGATION AND NEW PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Toschi I. , Remondino F. , Rothe R. , Klimek K.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Hybrid sensor solutions, that feature active laser and passive image sensors on the same platform, are rapidly entering the airborne market of topographic and urban mapping, offering new opportunities for an improved quality of geo-spatial products. In this perspective, a concurrent acquisition of LiDAR data and oblique imagery, seems to have all the potential to lead the airborne (urban) mapping sector a step forward. This contribution focuses on the first commercial example of such an integrated, all-in-one mapping solution, namely the Leica CityMapper hybrid sensor. By analysing two CityMapper datasets acquired over the city of Heilbronn (Germany) and Bordeaux (France), the paper investigates potential and challenges, w.r.t. (i) number and distribution of tie points between nadir and oblique images, (ii) strategy for image aerial triangulation (AT) and accuracy achievable w.r.t ground truth data, (iii) local noise level and completeness of dense image matching (DIM) point clouds w.r.t LiDAR data. Solutions for an integrated processing of the concurrently acquired ranging and imaging data are proposed, that open new opportunities for exploiting the real potential of both data sources.
URBAN SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS ASSESSMENT THROUGH AIRBORNE EARTH OBSERVATION: LESSONS LEARNED
Authors: Alamús R. , Pérez F. , Pipia L. , Corbera J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Europe’s big cities and metropolitan areas constitute an ecosystem where climate trends are having, and will continue to have, a big impact on the population in the short, medium, and long term. Therefore, the task of generating a mapping approach over urban ecosystems to provide indicators assessing their sustainability and facilitating the design and implementation of policies and derived actions has become a priority for the Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC) as a mapping agency.The ICGC has been using its own assets and competences in airborne Earth Observation for data capture and processing as well as inclusion of additional data such as cadastral databases and digital surface models to generate a set of urban sustainability indicators. ICGC has designed flight campaigns at a very high spatial and spectral resolution in visible, near infrared and long wave infrared regions, processed geospatial data and finally transformed geoinformation into demanded ICGC products over urban ecosystems such as urban green, solar potential, light pollution, energy leaks or urban heat island effect. This approach has been applied in coordination with urban planning stakeholders in different cities and is planned to be extended to the majority of urban ecosystems in Catalonia.This paper presents a critical summary of the main advantages, disadvantages, constrains and lessons learned in the search for feasible, available and desirable responses from the earth-observation airborne-sensor point of view to the main urban ecosystem challenges.
REGISTRATION OF UAV DATA AND ALS DATA USING POINT TO DEM DISTANCES FOR BATHYMETRIC CHANGE DETECTION
Authors: Boerner R. , Xu Y. , Hoegner L. , Stilla U.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper shows a method to register point clouds from images of UAV-mounted airborne cameras as well as airborne laser scanner data. The focus is a general technique which does rely neither on linear or planar structures nor on the point cloud density. Therefore, the proposed approach is also suitable for rural areas and water bodies captured via different sensor configurations. This approach is based on a regular 2.5D grid generated from the segmented ground points of the 3D point cloud. It is assumed that initial values for the registration are already estimated, e.g. by measured exterior orientation parameters with the UAV mounted GNSS and IMU. These initial parameters are finely tuned by minimizing the distances between the 3D points of a target point cloud to the generated grid of the source point cloud in an iteration process. To eliminate outliers (e.g., vegetation points) a threshold for the distances is defined dynamically at each iteration step, which filters ground points during the registration. The achieved accuracy of the registration is up to 0.4 m in translation and up to 0.3 degrees in rotation, by using a raster size of the DEM of 2 m. Considering the ground sampling distance of the airborne data which is up to 0.4 m between the scan lines, this result is comparable to the result achieved by an ICP algorithm, but the proposed approach does not rely on point densities and is therefore able to solve registrations where the ICP have difficulties.
Comment on Marques et al. (2018), Channel flow, tectonic overpressure, and exhumation of high-pressure rocks in the Greater Himalayas
Authors: Platt John P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The upward-tapering channel model proposed by Marques et al (2018) has a “base” that forms part of the subducting footwall, and will therefore not close the channel. As a result there will be no return flow, and excess pressure will not develop in the channel. The excess (dynamic) pressures calculated from their model, which exceed lithostatic pressure by as much as 1.5 GPa, will cause elastic flexure of the upper plate, which will relieve the excess pressure. If the excess pressure is maintained by continued corner flow, flexure of the upper plate will lead to geologically unrealistic topographic and gravity anomalies.
Challenges of soil carbon sequestration in the NENA region
Authors: Darwish Talal , Atallah Thérèse , Fadel Ali
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Near East North Africa (NENA) region spans over 14 % of the
total surface of the Earth and hosts 10 % of its population. Soils of the
NENA region are mostly highly vulnerable to degradation, and future food security
will much depend on sustainable agricultural measures. Weather variability,
drought and depleting vegetation are dominant causes of the decline in soil
organic carbon (SOC). In this work the status of SOC was studied, using a
land capability model and soil mapping. The land capability model showed that
most NENA countries and territories (17 out of 20) suffer from low productive lands
(> 80 %). Stocks of SOC were mapped (1:5 000 000) in
topsoils (0–0.30 m) and subsoils (0.30–1 m). The maps showed that
69 % of soil resources are shown to have a stock of SOC below the threshold of
30 tons ha−1. The stocks varied between ≈10 tons ha−1
in shrublands and 60 tons ha−1 for evergreen forests. Highest stocks
were found in forests, irrigated crops, mixed orchards and saline flooded
vegetation. The stocks of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) were higher than those
of SOC. In subsoils, the SIC ranged between 25 and 450 tons ha−1,
against 20 to 45 tons ha−1 for SOC. Results highlight the contribution
of the NENA region to global SOC stock in the topsoil (4.1 %). The paper also
discusses agricultural practices that are favorable to carbon sequestration
such as organic amendment, no till or minimum tillage, crop rotation and
mulching and the constraints caused by geomorphological and climatic
conditions. The effects of crop rotations on SOC are related to the amounts
of above and belowground biomass produced and retained in the system. Some
knowledge gaps exist, especially in aspects related to the impact of climate
change and effect of irrigation on SOC, and on SIC at the level of the soil
profile and soil landscape. Still, major constraints facing soil carbon
sequestration are policy-relevant and socioeconomic in nature, rather than
scientific.
Modeling the effect of Ross Ice Shelf melting on the Southern Ocean in quasi-equilibrium
Authors: Liu Xiying
Published: September 2018

Abstract. To study the influence of basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf (BMRIS) on the
Southern Ocean (ocean southward of 35∘ S) in quasi-equilibrium,
numerical experiments with and without the BMRIS effect were performed using
a global ocean–sea ice–ice shelf coupled model. In both experiments, the
model started from a state of quasi-equilibrium ocean and was integrated for
500 years forced by CORE (Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment)
normal-year atmospheric fields. The simulation results of the last 100 years
were analyzed. The melt rate averaged over the entire Ross Ice Shelf is
0.25 m a−1, which is associated with a freshwater flux of 3.15 mSv
(1 mSv = 103 m3 s−1). The extra freshwater flux
decreases the salinity in the region from 1500 m depth to the sea floor in
the southern Pacific and Indian oceans, with a maximum difference of nearly
0.005 PSU in the Pacific Ocean. Conversely, the effect of concurrent heat
flux is mainly confined to the middle depth layer (approximately 1500 to
3000 m). The decreased density due to the BMRIS effect, together with the
influence of ocean topography, creates local differences in circulation in
the Ross Sea and nearby waters. Through advection by the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current, the flux difference from BMRIS gives rise to an increase
of sea ice thickness and sea ice concentration in the Ross Sea adjacent to
the coast and ocean water to the east. Warm advection and accumulation of
warm water associated with differences in local circulation decrease sea ice
concentration on the margins of sea ice cover adjacent to open water in the
Ross Sea in September. The decreased water density weakens the subpolar cell
as well as the lower cell in the global residual meridional overturning
circulation (MOC). Moreover, we observe accompanying reduced southward
meridional heat transport at most latitudes of the Southern Ocean.
Resolving the influence of temperature forcing through heat
conduction on rockglacier dynamics: a numerical modelling
approach
Authors: Cicoira Alessandro , Beutel Jan , Faillettaz Jerome , Gärtner-Roer Isabelle , Vieli Andreas
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In recent years, observations have highlighted seasonal and inter-annual variability in rockglacier flow. Temperature forcing, through heat conduction, has been proposed as one of the key processes to explain these variations in kinematics. However, this mechanism has not yet been quantitatively assessed against real-world data. We present a 1-D numerical modelling approach that couples heat conduction to an empirically derived creep model for ice-rich frozen soils. We use this model to investigate the effect of thermal heat conduction on seasonal and inter-annual variability in rockglacier flow. We compare the model results with borehole temperature data and surface velocity measurements from the PERMOS and PermaSense monitoring network in the Swiss Alps. We further conduct a model sensitivity analysis in order to resolve the importance of the different model parameters. Using the prescribed empirically derived rheology and observed near-surface temperatures, we are able to model the right order of magnitude of creep flow. However, both inter-annual and seasonal variability are underestimated by an order of magnitude, implying that heat conduction alone can not explain the observed variations. Therefore, non-conductive processes, likely linked to water availability, dominate the short-term velocity signal.
Before and After the Deluge: A New Assessment of Clinton's Dam, 1779
Authors: Starna William A. , Hasbargen Leslie
Published: September 2018

On the evening of August 8, 1779, soldiers knocked open the sluices of a temporary dam holding back Otsego Lake, the headwaters of the Susquehanna River. At nine o'clock the next morning they paddled and poled over 200 batteaux, heavily laden with provisions, baggage, and munitions, on the now quickened and deeper current of a river that a few days before had lain quiet. The destination of the flotilla and its accompanying foot soldiers was Tioga (Athens, PA) in preparation for a raid into Indian Country. Beyond the building of the dam and the military campaign, examined here is the dam's design, the extent to which the lake's waters were impounded, and, once opened, how effective the discharge was in carrying the batteaux downriver. Was the flood sufficient to float Clinton's batteaux, and can the contemporary reports on downstream effects, some as far away as Athens, be validated?
The East-West Divide and Frontier Efforts of the Reverend Dr. Joseph Doddridge
Authors: Richards Samuel J.
Published: September 2018

Pennsylvania historians today rarely mention the Rev. Dr. Joseph Doddridge (1769–1826) despite his contributions as a historian, horticulturalist, author, physician, and clergyman probably best known for his first-hand account entitled Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of the western parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1763–1783. Following his formative years at his family fort in Washington County, Doddridge contributed to development on the trans-Allegheny frontier. Despite his numerous contributions to documenting regional history, founding churches, nearly becoming first Episcopal bishop of Ohio, and cultivating civic life along the headwaters of the Ohio, Doddridge has largely vanished from accounts of Episcopalian church history. His absence reflects bias in favor of bishops and East Coast viewpoints. By starting one generation too late, Episcopalian historians favored eastern regional narratives of American history by ignoring Doddridge and championing the Philadelphia-based Rev. Jackson Kemper and the Rev. Philander Chase of Hartford, Connecticut.
O REALISMO FORMAL NA AULA DE LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Silva Letícia Pilger da
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende realizar uma análise teórico-prática da verossimilhança do ensino-aprendizado de língua estrangeira na relação professor-aluno e aluno-livro didático, na concepção de língua e cultura, e na construção dos personagens de materiais didáticos a partir da aproximação da aula de língua estrangeira com o gênero literário “romance – considerando os componentes “realismo formal” e “personagens”. Para tal, serão utilizados textos sobre realismo formal no romance (WATT, 1990), gênese de personagens literários (CANDIDO, 1976), análise de material didático de língua estrangeira (JANZEN, 2008; 2010; 2012), e os pressupostos bakhtinianos de dialogismo, polifonia e exotopia (BAKHTIN, 1997, 2006, 2010).
O ELO DA INTERAÇÃO: INTERACTION AND SECOND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT: A VYGOTSKIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Zaccaron Rafael
Published: September 2018

Esta resenha aborda o livro de Rémi A. van Compernolle intitulado Interaction and Second Language Development: A Vygostkian Perspective cujo objetivo, segundo o autor, é estabelecer um elo entre dois nichos existentes na área de aquisição de segunda língua (L2) que tratam da interação, sendo eles: a abordagem cognitivo-interacionista (LONG, 1996; SWAIN, 1985) e a teoria sociocultural baseada nos pressupostos de Vygotsky (1978). Nesse contexto, a discussão proposta por van Compernolle tem como ponto de partida seu anseio em compreender os multifacetados processos envolvidos no aprendizado de L2 que ocorrem através da interação comunicativa.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM UMA COMUNIDADE DE PRÁTICA: O CASO DO NUCLI INGLÊS SEM FRONTEIRAS NA UFPR
Authors: Walesko Angela Maria , Felix Fernanda
Published: September 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever as práticas de um grupo de alunos-professores do Núcleo de Língua Inglesa (NucLi Inglês) do Programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras da Universidade Federal do Paraná (IsF – UFPR), refletindo sobre como os membros desse grupo apresentam, em suas práticas, engajamento mútuo, empreendimento conjunto e um repertório compartilhado, caracterizando-o como uma Comunidade de Prática (CP), e como as interações e participação dos membros na comunidade promovem a aprendizagem e a trans/formação constante de suas identidades. Para isso, as reflexões têm por base principal textos de Lave (1988), Lave; Wenger (1991), Wenger (1998a, 1998b, 2000, 2002, 2010), de Wenger; Mc Dermott; Snyder (2002), de Kimble; Hildreth (2008), de Halu (2010), de Calvo et al (2014) e de Fogaça; Halu (2017). A caracterização do NucLi Inglês-IsF da UFPR como uma CP permite concebê-lo como um espaço de formação inicial que, por meio de interações e de práticas de estudo e de trabalho colaborativas, incentiva no aluno-professor o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico-reflexivo e a capacidade de aplicar teorias à suas práticas, bem como de teorizar suas práticas e produzir conhecimento informado.
CRENÇAS DE PROFESSORES BRASILEIROS DE EMI SOBRE PRONÚNCIA
Authors: Haus Camila
Published: September 2018

No ensino superior, uma das consequências do inglês como idioma de comunicação global é o EMI (English as a Medium of Instruction), ou seja, o ensino de disciplinas acadêmicas em inglês em países onde a língua materna não é a inglesa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar crenças de professores brasileiros que trabalham com EMI a respeito de pronúncia, a partir de um referencial teórico relacionado ao Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF). Cinco professores de uma universidade pública do sul do país que têm treinamento com EMI foram entrevistados. A análise dos dados aponta para a coexistência de dois discursos conflitantes: um com foco na inteligibilidade e outro que enfatiza o “uso correto” da língua. Tais conclusões mostram a importância de uma perspectiva de ILF para a formação de professores de EMI no contexto brasileiro.
A EXPANSÃO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA E SEU IMPACTO NOS PROFESSORES UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE INGLÊS EM CURSOS DE LETRAS: UM DIÁLOGO REFLEXIVO
Authors: Halu Regina Célia , Fogaça Francisco Carlos
Published: September 2018

Este diálogo reflexivo que apresentamos a seguir começou como uma entrevista piloto com o professor Francisco Fogaça para a pesquisa desenvolvida por Regina Halu durante seu estágio de pós-doutorado. A pesquisa buscava investigar os impactos do fenômeno da expansão da língua inglesa no mundo nas atitudes e práticas pedagógicas de professoras e professores de língua inglesa atuando em cursos de Letras. Nós vínhamos pesquisando juntos sobre formação de professores de línguas em nosso grupo de pesquisa, e já vínhamos refletindo sobre as mudanças na formação de professores e no ensino de inglês a partir do questionamento do status da língua inglesa. A entrevista foi se alongando no tempo e tomando corpo como um diálogo que veio a refletir não apenas sobre nossas atitudes e práticas como professores de Letras em tempos de inglês em expansão, mas também em temas como crenças de aprender e ensinar línguas, formação inicial e continuada de professores de inglês, soluções locais em um mundo globalizado,  multilinguismo, linguicismo e inglês como meio de instrução.
The effect of infrared lamp therapy on episiotomy wound restorative besides pain relief among post-partum women
Authors: El-Lassy Reem Bassiouny Mahmoud , Madian Abeer Abd El-Aziz Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Pregnancy and labor are exceptional occasions in women’s lives. Post-delivery is a very decisive period for compassionate woman who had under gone episiotomy which is a throbbing and disquiet procedure during this time. So, the aim of this study was to appraise the effect of infrared lamp therapy on episiotomy wound restorative besides pain relief among post-partum women. Post-partum women who apply infrared lamp therapy on episiotomy display faster wound restorative besides pain relief than those who do not. A non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 post-partum mothers having normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy who were admitted in Maternity ward at the National Medical Institute of Damanhour City. Women were randomly allocated in two groups. Where, every odd number was assigned to control group (receiving only normal routine care) and every even number was assigned to study group (applying infrared lamp therapy and normal routine care). Data were collected through a structured interview schedule, observational checklist for REEDA Scale and self-reported Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Restorative takes place within 4 days and the REEDA total Score was statistically significant. So, the study concluded that, infrared lamp therapy is an appropriate way of management episiotomy wound among women at puerperium. The study recommended that joining infrared therapy as a main part of post-partum instructions for the women for its imperative role in improving quality of life during post-partum period.
Tendon Transfer Options for Trapezius Paralysis: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Werthel Jean-David , Wagner Eric R. , Sperling John W. , Elhassan Bassem
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness regarding scapulothoracic (ST) upward rotation of two different tendon transfer procedures involving the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor to restore the function of the paralyzed trapezius.

Methods:

Six fresh frozen hemithoraces were mounted on a custom-built apparatus. A three-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system was used to record ST upward/downward rotation of the (1) normal trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major; (2) Eden-Lange (EL) transferl and (3) a modified EL transfer (triple transfer).

Results:

The normal trapezius was found to be an upward rotator of the scapula and led to a mean ST rotation angle of 26.98°. Similarly, the modified triple transfer led to an upward rotation of the scapula, with a mean ST rotation angle of 22.23°, whereas the EL led to an initial downward rotation of the scapula to −6.69°, with a mean scapulothoracic displacement angle of 1.13°.

Discussion:

The upward rotation of the scapula from the modified transfer mimicked the function of the normal trapezius better than did the traditional EL transfer.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, biomechanical study
Outpatient Total Hip Arthroplasty in the United States: A Population-based Comparative Analysis of Complication Rates
Authors: Arshi Armin , Leong Natalie L. , Wang Christopher , Buser Zorica , Wang Jeffrey C. , SooHoo Nelson F.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

With healthcare expenditure in the national forefront, outpatient arthroplasty is an appealing option in select patient populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the complication rates associated with outpatient total hip arthroplasty (THA) in comparison to standard inpatient THA.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of the Humana subset of the PearlDiver insurance records database to identify patients undergoing THA (Current Procedural Terminology-27130 and Current Procedural Terminology-27132) as either outpatients or inpatients from 2007 to 2016. Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were used to calculate odds ratios of complications among outpatients undergoing THA relative to inpatients undergoing THA.

Results:

The query identified 2,184 patients who underwent outpatient THA and 73,596 patients who underwent inpatient THA. The median age was in the 65 to 69 age group and in the 70 to 74 age group for the outpatient and inpatient cohorts, respectively (P < 0.001). Outpatients undergoing THA had a significantly lower incidence of comorbid hypertension (P < 0.001), cerebrovascular disease (P = 0.001), obesity (P = 0.017), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (P = 0.045), and chronic kidney disease (P = 0.049). The incidence of both outpatient THA (P = 0.001) and inpatient THA (P < 0.001) increased over the study period. After adjusting for age, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index, patients undergoing outpatient THA had comparable rates of all queried surgical complications, including component revision, irrigation and debridement, and hip dislocation at 1 year. Rates of postoperative medical complications were also comparable between the two cohorts.

Conclusion:

Outpatient THA is increasing in frequency nationwide and has comparable postoperative complication rates. With its potential to minimize arthroplasty care costs, outpatient THA is a safe and effective option among appropriately selected patients.