bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLP1R Rs3765467 Polymorphism Is Associated With The Risk Of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fang Yunyun , Zhang Jingjing , Ji Linlin , Zhu Chaoyu , Xiao Yuanyuan , Gao Qingge , Song Wenjing , Wei Li
Published: January 2022

Objective: To investigate the relationship between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD).Methods: Samples from 316 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with EOD (n = 137) and late-onset T2DM (n = 179) and 145 non-diabetic individuals were analyzed. Multiplex PCR combined with resequencing HI-Reseq technology was used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GLP1R gene, and the allele frequency, genotype distribution, and clinical parameters were analyzed between each diabetes subgroup and the control group.Results: Sixteen SNPs were identified in the exonic region of the GLP1R gene according to the minor allele frequency (MAF > 0.05) in the participants. Among these, the GLP1R rs3765467 (G→A) mutation was statistically associated with EOD. Compared with that of the GG carriers, carriers of genotype AA at rs3765467 had a decreased risk of EOD after adjusting for sex and body mass index. In the dominant model, the frequencies of the rs3765467 AA+GA genotype were significantly decreased in the EOD group, and carriers of genotype AA+GA at rs3765467 had a decreased risk of EOD after adjusting for sex and body mass index. Moreover, fasting c peptide levels were significantly higher in GA+AA genotype carriers than that in GG genotype carriers.Conclusion: The GLP1R rs3765467 polymorphism was significantly associated with the age at T2DM diagnosis, and thus may be used as a marker to screen and detect individuals at risk of developing EOD.The name of the clinical trials registry: Exploration of early warning indicators for diabetic chronic complications. The approval number is 2016-004.The approval date is June 12, 2016.
Dignity and the Provision of Care and Support in ‘Old Age Homes’ in Tamil Nadu, India: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Burholt Vanessa , Shoemark E. Zoe , Maruthakutti R , Chaudhary Aabha , Maddock Carol Ann
Published: January 2022

Background: In 2016, Tamil Nadu was the first state in India to develop a set of Minimum Standards for old age homes. The Minimum Standards stipulate that that residents’ dignity and privacy should be respected. However, the concept of dignity is undefined in the Minimum Standards. To date, there has been very little research within aged care facilities exploring the dignity of residents. This study draws on the concepts of (i) status dignity and (ii) central human functional capabilities, to explore whether long term care facilities uphold the dignity of residents. Objectives: The study was designed to obtain insights into human rights issues and experiences of residents, and the article addresses the research question, “to what extent do old age homes in Tamil Nadu support the central human functional capabilities of life, bodily health, bodily integrity and play, and secure dignity for older residents?”Method: A cross-sectional qualitative exploratory study design was utilised. Between January and May 2018 face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured topic guide with 30 older residents and 11 staff from ten care homes located three southern districts in Tamil Nadu, India. Framework analysis of data was structured around four central human functional capabilities. Results. There was considerable variation in the extent to which the four central human functional capabilities life, bodily integrity, bodily health and play were met,. There was evidence that Articles 3, 13, 25 and 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights were contravened in both registered and unregistered facilities. Juxtaposing violations of human rights with good practice demonstrated that old age homes have the potential to protect the dignity of residents.Conclusion: The Government of India needs to strengthen care home policies to protect older residents. A new legislative framework is required to ensure that all old age homes are accountable to the State. Minimum Standards should include expectations for quality of care and dignity in care that meet the basic needs of residents and provide health care, personal support, and opportunities for leisure, and socializing. Standards should include staff-to-resident ratios and staff training requirements.
Incidental Findings of Brugada Syndrome Type-1 and Epsilon-Like Pattern in Otherwise Healthy Man: a Case Report
Authors: Mendel Brian , Dirjayanto Valerie , Prakoso Radityo , Siagian Sisca
Published: January 2022

Background: Brugada Syndrome (BrS) and arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplasia (ARVD) are rare cardiomyopathies predisposing to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Comprehending the electrocardiographic features of these cardiomyopathies are crucial especially in emergency settings.Case presentation: A 25-year old medical student presented with no complaints, but had episodes of syncope, chest pain, and palpitations of unknown origin 10 years ago. The initial assessment showed stable hemodynamics. During examination, the ECG demonstrated incomplete right bundle branch block, Brugada-type 1 pattern, with signs of Epsilon wave. The following year, assessment of the ECG was repeated and findings were found suggestive of Brugada syndrome, although his echocardiography showed no structural abnormality. According to ESC guidelines, asymptomatic Brugada patients should undergo electrophysiology study.Conclusion: Careful follow-up with electrophysiology study is recommended for this patient in order to identify the likelihood of true Brugada and suitability for radiofrequency ablation or implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).
A Study on the Compliance, Risk Perception and Attitude of University of Khartoum Medical Students to Safety Measures against COVID-19 during the Period of Lockdown, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ali Mustafa Mohamed Ibrahim , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Manhal Gaffar Alemam A.
Published: January 2022

Background

COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease. Preventive measures against COVID-19 include facemask use, physical distancing and good sanitation and hygiene practices. Risk perception of COVID-19 is important in prevention. Lockdown was imposed in Sudan in early 2020.
The study aim to:

study the compliance, risk perception and attitude of University of Khartoum Medical Students to safety measures during the period of COVID-19 lockdown.
Methodology:

A University-based cross sectional study was conducted at the University of Khartoum, Faculty of Medicine in 435 students selected via proportionate stratified random sampling through a self-administered semi- structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Pearson and Mann Whitney U test were used to measure associations.
Result

Out of 435 participants, a mean adherence of 57.7%, mean risk perception of 73.6% was elicited. And 80.3% had a positive attitude towards lockdown. Adherence had significant association with gender and risk perception. Risk perception had no significant relation with gender.
Conclusion

In conclusion, adherence to preventive measures among medical students of the University of Khartoum was poor. Risk Perception was high. Attitude towards lockdown was positive.
The Double Gut Point: A Novel Sonographic Sign of Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Chen Yale Tung , Villegas Tomas Villén , Pereira Elmo
Published: January 2022

Pneumoperitoneum is a life-threatening condition, caused by hollow organ perforation. The diagnosis is often difficult, and Point-of-care ultrasound can be useful to distinguish from different conditions, and early set the indication of urgent surgery. We report a critically ill patient presented to the Emergency Department with sudden increase in upper abdominal pain and distension with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction on ultrasound using a curvilinear probe. After repeating the ultrasound using a linear probe, two dynamic points at mesogastrium very similar to the “double lung point” seen in thoracic ultrasound was detected. This “double gut point” due to bowel ischemia and perforation was confirmed on a computed tomography scan. In this case, the finding of an abdominal “double gut point” allowed us to diagnose pneumoperitoneum, being a novel sign not previously described, that could aid to diagnose small amounts of free air in the peritoneal cavity.
Epigenetic Signatures in Antidepressant Treatment Response: a Methylome-wide Association Study in the EMC Trial
Authors: Engelmann Jan , Zillich Lea , Frank Josef , Wagner Stefanie , Cetin Metin , Herzog David , Müller Marianne , Tadic André , Foo Jerome , Sirignano Lea , Braus Dieter , Dahmen Norbert , Sordon Sabrina , Riemenschneider Matthias , Spaniol Christian , Gasparoni Gilles , Rietschel Marcella , Witt Stephanie , Lieb Klaus , Streit Fabian
Published: January 2022

Although the currently available antidepressants are well established in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), there is strong variability in the response of individual patients. Reliable predictors to guide treatment decisions before or in an early stage of treatment are needed. DNA-methylation has been proven a useful biomarker in different clinical conditions, but its importance for mechanisms of antidepressant response has not yet been determined. 80 MDD patients were selected out of >500 participants from the Early Medication Change (EMC) cohort with available genetic material based on their antidepressant response after four weeks and stratified into clear responders and age- and sex-matched non-responders (N=40, each). Early improvement after two weeks was analyzed as a secondary outcome. DNA-methylation was determined using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip. Epigenome-wide association studies were performed and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified using the comb-p algorithm. Enrichment was tested for hallmark gene-sets and in genome-wide association studies of depression and antidepressant response. No epigenome-wide significant differentially methylated positions were found for treatment response or early improvement. Twenty DMRs were associated with response; the strongest in an enhancer region in SORBS2, which has been related to cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Another DMR was located in CYP2C18, a gene previously linked to antidepressant response. Results pointed towards differential methylation in genes associated with cardiac function, neuroticism, and depression. Linking differential methylation to antidepressant treatment response is an emerging topic and represents a step towards personalized medicine, potentially facilitating the prediction of patients’ response before treatment.
Behavior analytic based virtual reality interventions to teach adaptive and functional skills for individuals diagnosed with autism: A systematic review
Authors: Carnett Amarie , Neely Leslie , Gardiner Siobhan , Kirpatrick Marie , Quarles John , Christopher Kameron
Published: January 2022

Virtual reality technologies hold promise for the therapy based on the science of applied behavior analysis as they can replicate real life environments and allow the user to role-play in a simulated environments. This literature review synthesizes the research base evaluating the effects of behavior analytic interventions delivered via virtual reality (VR) technology to teach adaptive and functional skills for individuals with autism. Method: We conducted a systematic search in four databases followed by a reference search for those articles by the systematic database search. We also conducted a quality review using the Evaluative Method for Evaluating and Determining Evidence-Based Practices in Autism (Reichow, 2008). Results: We identified 24 studies with a majority of the studies (n = 18; 75%) utilizing group experimental or quasi-experiment research design, and the remaining (n = 6; 25%) utilizing single-case research design. Of those studies, ten targeted vocational related skills, seven targeted functional behaviors (e.g., problem behavior treatment, hypersensitivity, phobias), four targeted safety skills (e.g., driving, airplane travel, pedestrian safety), two studies targeted general functional skills, and one targeted exercise engagement. Of the 24 studies, 12 met the quality criteria to be classified as “strong” or “adequate” and can offer evidence on the integration of VR technology into the practice of behavior analysis for teaching adaptive or functional skills. Discussion: Taken as a whole, the three studies (Cox et al., 2017; Hu & Han, 2019; Wade et al., 2013) identified as “strong” quality studies were conducted by three different research teams, at three different locations, with 74 different participants and meet the qualifications to be considered a promising practice.
Inactivating NHLH2 Variants Cause Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Obesity in Humans
Authors: Topaloglu A. Kemal , Simsek Enver , Kocher Matthew A. , Mammadova Jamala , Bober Ece , Kotan Leman Damla , Turan Ihsan , Celiloglu Can , Gurbuz Fatih , Yuksel Bilgin , Good Deborah J.
Published: January 2022

Metabolism has a role in determining the time of pubertal development and fertility. Nonetheless, molecular/cellular pathways linking metabolism/body weight to puberty/reproduction are unknown. The KNDy (Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin) neurons in the arcuate (ARC) nucleus of the hypothalamus constitute the GnRH (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) pulse generator. We previously created a mouse model with a whole-body targeted deletion of nescient helix-loop-helix 2 (Nhlh2; N2KO), a class II member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. As this mouse model features pubertal failure and late-onset obesity, we wanted to study whether NHLH2 represents a candidate molecule to link metabolism and puberty in the hypothalamus. Exome sequencing of a large Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH) cohort revealed obese patients with rare sequence variants in NHLH2, which were characterized by in silico protein analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. In vitro heterologous expression studies demonstrated that the variant p.R79C impairs Nhlh2 binding to the Mc4r promoter. Furthermore, p.R79C and other variants show impaired transactivation of the human KISS1 promoter. These are the first inactivating human variants that support NHLH2’s critical role in human puberty and body weight control. Failure to carry out this function results in the absence of pubertal development and late-onset obesity in humans.
Preliminary study on the role and mechanism of KIRREL3 in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)
Authors: Yang Bingbing , Zhang Xiane , Zhou Hao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Wanjing , Lu Jing , Guo Zhiyu , Dong Ziming , Wu Qinghua , Tian Fang
Published: January 2022

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, which is very harmful to human health. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a recognized carcinogenic pathway that plays a role in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of a variety of cancer cells. Some studies have shown that the activation status of STAT3 affects the expression of KIRREL3. However, the expression of KIRREL3 in ESCC and its relationship with KIRREL3 or the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is still unclear.Methods: In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and western blotting to analyze the protein expression levels of KIRREL3 in tumor tissues and ESCC cell lines. We applied proliferation assays, plate clone formation assays, Transwell assays, flow cytometry analysis, and CDX animal models to examine the role of KIRREL3 in ESCC.Results: The results indicate that KIRREL3 is highly expressed to varying degrees in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Knocking down KIRREL3 expression in ESCC cells could correspondingly inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration, and had some effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In addition, overexpressing KIRREL3 in these cells had opposite effects. Tumor formation in nude mice experiments also confirmed that KIRREL3 is involved in the growth of ESCC cells in vivo.Conclusions: These data suggest that KIRREL3 plays a key role in the development of ESCC, and KIRREL3 is a potential new target for the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of this disease.
Eltern in die frühkindliche Medienerziehung einbeziehen – aber wie?
Authors: Lienau Theresa , Van Roessel Lies
Published: January 2022

Wer in frühpädagogischen Einrichtungen die Qualität der Medienerziehung verbessern möchte, sollte auch die Eltern bzw. Erziehungsberechtigten der betreuten Kinder einbeziehen – das ist inzwischen eine weithin anerkannte Ansicht. Bislang gibt es jedoch kaum zusammengeführte Erkenntnisse darüber, wie der medienerzieherische Dialog zwischen Kita und Familie gestaltet und ausformuliert sein sollte. Um sich dieser Frage zu nähern, wurde eine Literaturanalyse durchgeführt und durch Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten aus der Praxis ergänzt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die grossen Unterschiede in den medienbezogenen Haltungen und Praktiken der Eltern, die im Sinne eines gelingenden Dialogs zwischen Kita und Familie berücksichtigt werden sollten. Daneben werden sowohl die Herausforderungen als auch die förderlichen Faktoren für eine Bildungs- und Erziehungspartnerschaft dargestellt, vor allem mit Blick auf die Besonderheiten des medienerzieherischen Dialogs. Kritische oder skeptische Haltungen auf Seiten der Eltern oder auch der pädagogischen Fachkräfte können dazu führen, dass die kindliche Mediennutzung zum Reizthema in der ohnehin herausfordernden Kommunikation zwischen Kita und Familie wird. Die Erkenntnisse aus den Interviews zeigen, dass sich in der Praxis zur «Entschärfung» eher informelle und interaktive Austauschformate bewährt haben. Solche Formate können dabei helfen, den Sorgen und Ängsten der Eltern zu begegnen, den Dialog zu fördern und das Verständnis der Kita von Medienerziehung besser zu vermitteln. Die Ergebnisse bedürfen jedoch einer stärkeren Ausdifferenzierung, insbesondere dahingehend, wie auch schwer erreichbare Eltern für das Thema sensibilisiert werden können und wie Eltern in der häuslichen Medienerziehung unterstützt werden können.
Die Mischung macht's
Authors: Riesmeyer Claudia , Wilhelm Claudia , Reifegerste Doreen
Published: January 2022

Der Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie stellte Eltern und Kinder weltweit vor Herausforderungen und löste Unsicherheiten aus. Eltern mussten neben dem Alltag Homeoffice, Betreuungsaufgaben und die Begleitung des Homeschoolings ihrer Kinder bewältigen. Insbesondere die Schliessung der Kindestagesstätten und Schulen sowie Ausgangsbeschränkungen veränderten die familiären Tagesabläufe, was mit einer erhöhten Mediennutzung von Heranwachsenden und Erwachsenen einherging. Der Aufsatz untersucht auf Basis der Parental-Mediation-Theorie, welche Mediationsstrategien der kindlichen Mediennutzung Eltern während des ersten Lockdowns generell und bezogen auf Informationen über das Corona-Virus einsetzten, inwiefern sie diese Strategien pandemiebedingt anpassten und welche Faktoren bestimmten, für welche Form der Medienregulation sich Eltern entschieden. Er basiert auf Leitfadeninterviews (n = 55) sowie einer Onlinebefragung von Eltern mit Kindern im Alter von drei bis 18 Jahren (n = 146). Die Befunde zeigen, dass Eltern erstens verschiedene Mediationsstrategien miteinander kombinierten, diese zweitens in der Pandemie situativ den kindlichen Bedürfnisse anpassten und drittens Kind-, Eltern- und Kontextfaktoren die Wahl der Mediationsstrategie bestimmten.
Near-infrared Reflective Diffusion Coating Is Beneficial for Asparagus Summer Production in a Simple Plastic Greenhouse
Authors: Chen Wei-Ling , Shen Chun-Jung
Published: January 2022

Asparagus is a potential greenhouse crop, and its production is considerably affected by temperature and light, especially in the summer season. This study investigated the effects of the application of near-infrared (NIR)-reflective diffusion coating on a simple plastic greenhouse on microclimatic conditions, plant response, spear yield, and quality of the asparagus plant in central Taiwan. The results showed that NIR-reflective diffusion coating reduced the mean air temperature inside the greenhouse by 0.3 to 0.9 °C and leaf temperature by 2.3, 2.4, and 2.4 °C at a canopy height of 50, 100, and 50 cm, respectively. Although the accumulated daily light integral (DLI) transmitted in the coated greenhouse exhibited an 18.9% reduction compared with a 16.8% reduction in the noncoated greenhouse, a more uniform spatial light distribution was noted. Therefore, photosynthesis improved in the middle and bottom canopy, and plants could maintain a higher transpiration rate, thus resulting in atmospheric cooling. The average spear yield increased by 31.4% in summer and by 10.1% during the following harvest with a lower crude fiber (CF) content and higher Ca as well as Mg contents. In addition, the number of newly emerged shoots increased by 48.8% after the removal of the mother stalk under coating. NIR-reflective diffusion coating can be used as an energy-saving method for enhancing cooling and improving light use efficiency, thus increasing asparagus production in a greenhouse in summer.
Teachers’ Strategies in Teaching Speaking at English Courses as a Foreign Language in Kampung Inggris
Authors: Ahmad Latif Mahruf  , Sari Diniyati Kesuma
Published: January 2022

A successful learning process is determined by teaching strategies that are used by teachers. The strategies will affect the learning output of students. Many graduated students claim that they need more experience to study English. One alternative way to improve their ability is to join an English Course in Pare East Java-“Kampung Inggris”. The aim is to investigate how teaching speaking is done and what the strategies used to make and help students to speak in fun way. The focus of this research is to expose the uniqueness of those strategies. It belongs to ethnography research using observation, interview, and documentary. The populations are from four English courses that were elected by purposive sampling. The result shows that the most often teaching speaking strategies are pronunciation class, grammar for speaking, academic speaking, impromptu and public speaking.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ISSUES OF THE STATUS OF A PRIEST AS A PARTICIPANT IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: BOLOTIN Sergey V. , SIDOROVA Natalia V.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to one of the undefined terms used in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation — “priest”. The relevance and novelty of this study is due to the fact that, in practice, this issue is terra incognita not only in the science of criminal procedure, but also in related scientific disciplines. The purpose of the current work is to try to identify approaches to defining the content and essential features of this concept. The article presents historical and factual moments that reveal the essence of the main carriers of religious functions on the example of four confessions operating in Russia.
On the basis of comparative, etymological, logical methods of analysis of the powers and appointment of various representatives of the main religions in Russia, the authors make such conclusion that it is impossible to use the term “priest” in an equal sense for all the studied confessions. The authors of this article also propose a definition of the investigated term in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, as well as determine the corresponding body of the Government of Russia, which could be entrusted with the responsibility of officially interpreting the terminology on this issue.
STATIC AND DYNAMIC COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS
Authors: KRYUKOV Sergey V. , BEREZOVSKAYA Elena A.
Published: January 2022

The results of an adequate assessment of the socio-economic state and directions of development of any region are necessary for both regional and federal authorities. The choice of a right strategy for improving the quality and standard of living of the population of a given region depends on this assessment. The authors propose a new approach to obtaining a static and dynamic picture of the results of the implementation of socio-economic policy in a region, which directly affects the quality and standard of living of its population. Widely used approaches based on the calculation of one integral indicator or on the comparison of particular indicators of the quality and standard of living of region’s population do not allow us to obtain a consistent and objective picture of the socio-economic development. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of the trajectory of “movement” of a region in space of two coordinates that objectively reflect the quality and standard of living of population. An indicator “average per capita income of the population” is selected to assess the standard of living, and an indicator “life expectancy at birth” is selected to assess the quality of life. Static assessment allows to get a picture of a location of regions in the space of these two selected coordinates and to get a basis for conducting an interregional comparison, as well as to assess the quality and standard of living of the population of a region in comparison with average Russian values. Dynamic assessment allows to obtain information about changes in the level and quality of life of the population of a region over a selected time period, analyze positive and negative trends in certain areas of the constructed trajectory, assess the consequences of decisions taken by the authorities of this region in the implementation of tasks for condition improvement. The proposed approach allows us to obtain consistent results that enable us to assess the achieved level of implementation of the socio-economic policy in a region in comparison to other regions, as well as during a selected time interval.
DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN BROKERAGE ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN RUSSIA
Authors: BABURINA Natalia A. , KUTSEV Alexey G. , RAZMASHKINA Tatiana A.
Published: January 2022

The present work contributes to the study of the effectiveness of brokerage activities of commercial banks in Russia. To date, not enough attention has been paid to the specific features peculiar to credit institutions in the securities market and the development of factors affecting the effectiveness of their work. In this regard, this study seems relevant and significant.
In modern conditions, with regular changes in interest rates and high lending risks, banks are trying to diversify their interest income. One of the ways to increase the share of non-interest income is the introduction of a line of brokerage services. In the future, brokerage activities may become a way to reduce risks when there is a decrease in demand for lending by obtaining a wide range of commission income.
The purpose of the study is to assess the development of brokerage activities of commercial banks in Russia at the present stage and identify its determining factors. The research methodology is based on the use of structural and dynamic statistical analysis, as well as correlation and regression analysis.
The assessment of trends demonstrated the overall positive development of brokerage activities of the Russian credit institutions. In particular, there is an increase in the number of unique brokerage accounts opened in the commercial banks. Nevertheless, there was a slowdown in the growth rate of new accounts and a decrease in the activity of customers of the credit institutions, which signals the lack of efficiency of the brokerage activities of a commercial bank. Also, the current situation on the stock market is characterized by a decrease in interest in individual investment accounts and a high proportion of empty brokerage accounts of individuals. The authors have constructed a model of multiple linear regression, which made it possible to discover the main determinants of changes in the share of empty accounts of individuals from all open brokerage accounts in the regions of Russia. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that the level of empty brokerage accounts of individuals is influenced by such factors as average per capita income, unemployment rate, the proportion of people of working age and the percentage of the urban population.
Application of Multi-component Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic [3.3.3]
Propellane Derivatives
Authors: Kheilkordi Zohreh , Ziarani Ghodsi Mahammadi , Mohajer Fatemeh
Published: January 2022

Propellanes and derivatives have attractive properties due to their unique structure.
Therefore, [3.3.3] propellanes, containing tricyclic structures with one of the carbon-carbon
bonds common in three rings, were used in natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and
heterocyclic compounds, which were biologically important. The various multi-component
reactions were applied in the synthesis of propellanes, which are highlighted throughout this
review.
Contribution of Transcriptome to Elucidate the Biology of Plasmodium
spp
Authors: Parreira Kleber Simônio , Scarpelli Pedro , Rezende Lima Wânia , Garcia Celia R.S.
Published: January 2022

In the present review, we discuss some of the new technologies that have been applied to elucidate how Plasmodium spp escape from the immune system and subvert the host physiology to orchestrate the regulation of its biological pathways. Our manuscript describes how techniques such as microarray approaches, RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA sequencing have contributed to the discovery of transcripts and changed the concept of gene expression regulation in closely related malaria parasite species. Moreover, the text highlights the contributions of high-throughput RNA sequencing for the current knowledge of malaria parasite biology, physiology, vaccine target and the revelation of new players in parasite signaling.
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: An Updated Review on KAS Inhibitors
Authors: Suvarna Vasanti , Shinde Rani
Published: January 2022

Since the early twentieth century, with the isolation of penicillin and streptomycin in the
1940s, the modern era of anti-infective drug development has gained momentum. Due to the enormous
success of early drug discovery, many infectious diseases were successfully prevented and
eradicated. However, this initial hope was wrongheaded, and pathogens evolved as a significant
threat to human health. Drug resistance develops as a result of natural selection’s relentless pressure,
necessitating the identification of new drug targets and the creation of chemotherapeutics that
bypass existing drug resistance mechanisms. Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) is a crucial metabolic
mechanism for bacteria during their growth and development. Several crucial enzymes involved in
this biosynthetic pathway have been identified as potential targets for new antibacterial agents. In
Escherichia coli (E. coli), this pathway has been extensively investigated. The present review focuses
on progress in the development of Kas A, Kas B, and Fab H inhibitors as mono-therapeutic
antibiotics.
Magnetically Recyclable Silica-Coated Magnetite-Molybdate Nanocatalyst
and its Applications in N-Formylation Reactions Under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Tandon Runjhun , Patil Shripad , Tandon Nitin , Kumar Pushpendra
Published: January 2022

A novel magnetite silica-coated nanoparticle-supported molybdate nanocatalyst has been
prepared successfully by a simple co-precipitation method. Prepared nanocatalyst has been characterized
by different techniques like Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive
X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Further, the catalytic activity of the nanocatalyst was explored for
N-formylation reactions under solvent-free conditions. Interestingly, the catalyst could be reused
for 10 cycles, and only 2 mol % of the catalyst was sufficient to catalyze the N-formylation reaction
at 700C under solvent-free conditions.
A Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Kumari Sunita , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Saxena Shivani , Sharma Divya , Joshi Sagar
Published: January 2022

Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to perform an extensive range of pharmacological actions. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed towards the construction of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to a known pharmaceutical or a potential pharmacophore. This paper highlights recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to present several ways for synthesizing oxadiazole. These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse conditions. A high priority is given to these heterocyclics in literature investigations due to their pharmacological significance, such as their anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic activities, etc.
Transdermal Nutraceuticals Delivery System for CNS Disease
Authors: Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Mirza Mohd. Aamir , Jahangir Mohammed Asadullah , Jain Pooja , Verma Rishabh , Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Chettupalli Ananda Kumar , Muheem Abdul
Published: January 2022

Herbal medicines are being used by humans since the oldest civilizations and have been
an integral part of traditional and alternative medicines. In recent times, pharmaceutical and
biomedical scientists are taking interest in developing nutraceutical-based medicines to overcome
the side effects and adverse drug reactions caused by allopathic medicines. Nutraceuticals have
started occupying the global market. Nutraceuticals have gained widespread acceptance due to
their efficacy in treating difficult to treat diseases, low toxicity, low cost, easy accessibility, etc.
Safety and efficacy are other important factors in the commercialization process of nutraceuticals.
Different novel advanced drug delivery systems have been constantly studied to improve the efficacy
and bioavailability of medicines obtained from herbal sources. The transdermal drug delivery
system provides a potent alternative to the conventional method of using nutraceuticals. The development
of transdermal system-based nutraceuticals could provide the advantage of enhanced bioavailability,
improved solubility, bypass of the first-pass metabolism, and targeted delivery of drugs
in brain-related disorders. It additionally provides the advantage of being non-invasive.
This article reviews the potential effects of various nutraceuticals in brain-related disorders as well
as trends in transdermal nano-systems to deliver such nutraceuticals. We have also focused on advantages,
applications as well as recent United States-based patents which emphasize emerging interest
towards transdermal nutraceuticals in brain disorders.
Withdrawal Notice: MgAl2O4 Spinel-type as Highly Efficient Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of 4H-pyrans
Authors: Dib Mustapha , Kacem Marieme , Talbi Soumaya , Ouchetto Hajiba , Ouchetto Khadija , Essoumhi Abdellatif , Hafid Abderrafia , Khouili Mostafa
Published: January 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Chemical Biology due to incoherent content.

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The Method of Predicting the Maintenance Time of Mechanical Products
Based on Virtual Prototype
Authors: Li Jin , Jiang Xinsheng , Wang Zituo , Wang Chunhui , Cai Yunxiong
Published: January 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to predict the mechanical product maintenance time in the absence of
a physical prototype or similar product statistics throughout the design stage.

Method:

According to the theory of time accumulative estimation method, a product maintenance time
prediction method framework based on a virtual prototype was constructed, which described the prediction
process. The virtual maintenance environment containing virtual prototype, virtual human, and
maintenance tools was developed. The virtual human’s position and posture information during the
maintenance process was obtained by implementing VBScript language.

Result:

Basic maintenance motions that constitute the whole maintenance process were classified into
4 categories: body movement, upper limb movement, grasp/replace, and operation. Based on
MODAPTS (modular arrangement of predetermined time standard) method and virtual maintenance
simulation, corresponding time prediction methods for each categories were proposed.

Discussion:

Taking a maintenance dissassembly and assembly task of engine as an example, through
the comparison between the measured actual maintenance time and predicted time of several methods,
feasibility and effectiveness of proposed method are verified.
Structure analysis of building functions transition on the earthquake area five reviewed from costs and time schedule
Authors: Suasira I Wayan , Intara I Wayan , Sutapa I Ketut , Santiana I Made Anom , Wibawa I Gede Sastra , Yasa I Made Tapa
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the dimensions and reinforcement of structure, cost, and schedule due to the transition structure of the building function. The structural transition of building functions is carried out in the earthquake area five with the classification of soft and hard soils. The building used as a research model is a 3-story residence on Nuansa Utama Selatan Street number 3, Jimbaran, Bali. The planning of this building will be converted into office buildings and shophouse on the 2nd and 3rd floors functioning as a warehouse in the earthquake area five in Bali with the classification of soft and hard soil that will be analyzed using SAP 2000 program so that the structural dimensions are used as a reference in the creation of costs, and schedule obtained using Microsoft Project program. The analysis of structure shows that the structure of a residential house on hard soil has the dimensions and reinforcement of the smallest structure. The ratio of structural reinforcement in the transition of structure functions from residential house to office on hard soil by 1.32% with the lowest structure cost ratio by 1.80% and schedule of the structure by 3.80%.
Sustainability business practices based on tri hita karana and its accountability
Authors: Sumantri I Ketut , Sudana I Putu , Dwirandra A. A. N. Bagus , Wirajaya I Gde Ary
Published: January 2022

Purpose of the study is to gain an understanding of how Village Credit Institution (VCI) apply the concept of sustainability business practices (SBP) based on the existence of VCIs inspired by Tri Hita Karana (THK) and their accountability. This study adopts an ethnomethodological approach, aiming to obtain a portrait of VCI business practices in daily life settings. The results of this study found that sustainable business practices and VCI accountability in the economic dimension are seen in the economic implications for their stakeholders, in line with the concept of “pang pade payu”, in the social dimension, it is seen in social care and various community empowerment programs in line with the concept of “segalak segilik selunglung sebayantaka, paras paros sarpanaya". In the ecological dimension, the involvement of VCI in an effort to preserve the environment, both physical and non-physical, is in line with the Hindu belief, namely "skala-niskala". In the spiritual dimension, it is reflected in the ritual activities of the “panca yadnya” as offerings to God as the highest entity. Business units must view all aspects of life as integral and interrelated with one another. SBP based on THK results in holistic accountability for sustainability.
Commodification of media in helping public relations performance in the regional development sector in Indonesia
Authors: Larisu Zulfiah , Mona Leila
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is referred to as a multicultural country, so the context of the multicultural country that is built is based on ethnicity, race, religion, groups and not customary groups where the placement of customs is part of the process of formulating public policies. This means that the context of life in the Indonesian state is multikulepresion or a country consisting of various kinds of differences. Therefore, to build good relations, it is necessary to build multicultural communication, especially in any media in supporting development in various regional sectors in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to describe commodification of media in helping public relations performance in the regional development sector in Indonesia: multicultural communication humanization. This research is descriptive qualitative research with ethnographic communication approach. Processing of data through the process of collecting, collecting, selecting, and presenting. The analysis technique uses communication interpretation. The results of the study indicate that development communication includes; (1) multicultural as the main character of the Indonesian nation; (2) dimensions of development through media; (3) humanization and societies in the regional development sector in Indonesia.
Moderation religion in the era society 5.0 and multicultural society
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman , Imran Ali , Hidayat Bachtari Alam , Mashuri Saepudin , Reslawati Reslawati , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi
Published: January 2022

The government is mainstreaming the strengthening of religious moderation (MB), which is one of the national priority programs. Religious moderation is a perspective, attitude, and practice of religion in common life, by embodying the essence of religious teachings that protect human dignity and build the common good, based on the principles of fairness, balance, and obeying the constitution as a national agreement. People need to know that religious moderation is a way together, religious people, to protect Indonesia. Of course, they do not want to suffer the fate of their brothers and sisters in a country where people's lives are chaotic, and even their country is threatened with disbandment, due to socio-political conflicts with different religious interpretations. Therefore, multicultural society must learn from existing experiences. The purpose of this study is to describe moderation in religion in the era of society 5.0 and multicultural society: studies based on legal, religious, and social reviews. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The approach used is a phenomenal approach, while the data collection technique uses observation, interviews, and distribution of questionnaires. Data is collected by collection and selection. The processed data is interpreted based on socio-multicultural techniques.
Исследование структуры бивня мамонта методом ИК спектроскопии
Authors: Павлова В.В. , Петухова Е.С. , Исакова Т.А. , Колесова Е.С. , Чириков А.А. , Протопопов Ф.Ф.
Published: January 2022

The structure of mammoth tusk was investigated by infrared spectroscopy, including after heat treatment. The whole complex of functional groups of the tusk components - hydroxyapatite, collagen and water - was revealed. It was found that collagen in the IR spectrum is represented mainly by characteristic absorption bands of amide and aliphatic groups. After heat treatment at 600 °C, the organic part is completely removed from the sample. It was found that hydroxyapatite in mammoth tusk is presented in a carbonate-substituted form, however, heat treatment at 900 °C leads to the removal of carbonate anion and water from the sample, which is accompanied by the transition of hydroxyapatite from the nonstoichiometric state to the stoichiometric state.
Зависимость фотолюминесценции от температуры отжига поликристаллических слоев ZnO : Te/Si(111)
Authors: Омаев А.К. , Багамадова, А.М. , Зобов М.Е.
Published: January 2022

Поликристаллические пленки ZnO : Te/Si(111) получены методом газофазной эпитаксии в водороде в проточном реакторе пониженного давления. Свойства пленок ZnO : Te/Si(111) исследованы с помощью фотолюминесценции, рентгеновской дифракции и атомной силовой микроскопии. Фотолюминесцентные измерения показали, что в спектре излучения пленок ZnO : Te/Si(111) наблюдается весь диапазон видимой части спектра. Изучение спектра пленок ZnO : Te/Si(111) при 77 K показывает, что люминесценция смещается в красную область. Отжиг пленок при различных температурах (300-500oC) приводит к общему уменьшению интенсивности и к смещению излучения в длинноволновую область спектра. Ключевые слова: оксид цинка, люминесценция, структура, морфология.
Эффекты переключения в плазмонных схемах на основе тонких металлических пленок и наноструктур с повышенной фотопроводимостью
Authors: Губин М.Ю. , Дзедолик И.В. , Прохорова Т.В. , Перескоков В.С. , Лексин А.Ю.
Published: January 2022

Рассмотрены особенности оптического управления распространением поверхностных плазмон-поляритонов в плазмонных схемах на основе тонких металлических волноводов и полупроводниковых наноструктур. Предложена модель плазмонного резонатора с дополнительными элементами на основе полупроводниковых материалов, проявляющих сильную фотопроводимость. С помощью численного моделирования показана возможность переключения потока поверхностных плазмон-поляритонов в плазмонной схеме посредством включения/выключения внешнего оптического поля накачки, изменяющего вклад светоиндуцированной проводимости управляющих элементов. Ключевые слова: поверхностные плазмон-поляритоны, металлический плазмонный волновод, фотопроводимость, плазмонный резонатор.
Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Influenza A Virus (H1N1) in Sulaimani Governorate-Iraq
Authors: Kaka alla Kaziwa Ahmad , Hama Salih Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Influenza A (H1N1) virus is now rapidly scattering across the world. Early detection is one of the most effective measures to stop the further spread of the virus. The current study was aimed to detect influenza A (H1N1) serologically and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. From September 2020 to June 2021, three hundred nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were collected from Hiwa and Shahid Tahir Hospitals in Sulaimani city. Obtained results revealed that 23.3% of the tested patients were seropositive anti-IgG for Influenza A, while 13.3% showed anti-IgM seropositive results although 10% of the tested cases were with both anti-IgG and anti-IgM seropositive results. Gender, residency, and flu symptoms showed no significant relations with seropositive results (p<0.05) whereas valuable relations were found between seropositive observations and smoking, the previous history of chronic diseases as well as employment status (p<0.05). It was concluded that hematologic investigations (CBC) were not dependable if H1N1 diagnosis and detection. Only 1% of the tested samples showed positive results for influenza A (H1N1) RNA using reverse transcription-PCR.