bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cross‐Linked Hyaluronate Scaffold on Cartilage Repair: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Xiao Shi‐peng , Tang Lian‐sheng , Chen Jian‐ying , Li Zhong‐tao , Cheng Guang‐hui , Chen Qian‐qian , Liu Sheng‐hou , Liu Wen‐guang
Published: August 2019

Objective

To determine the safety and effectiveness of a cross‐linked sodium hyaluronate (CHA) scaffold in cartilage repair.

Methods

Physicochemical properties of the scaffold were determined. The safety and effectiveness of the scaffold for cartilage repair were evaluated in a minipig model of a full‐thickness cartilage defect with microfracture surgery. Postoperative observation and hematological examination were used to evaluate the safety of the CHA scaffold implantation. Pathological examination as well as biomechanical testing, including Young's modulus, stress relaxation time, and creep time, were conducted at 6 and 12 months postsurgery to assess the effectiveness of the scaffold for cartilage repair. Furthermore, type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan content were determined to confirm the influence of the scaffold in the damaged cartilage tissue.

Results

The results showed that the routine hematological indexes of the experimental animals were within the normal physiological ranges, which confirmed the safety of CHA scaffold implantation. Based on macroscopic observation, it was evident that repair of the defective cartilage in the animal knee joint began during the 6 months postoperation and was gradually enhanced from the central to the surrounding region. The repair smoothness and color of the 12‐month cartilage samples from the operation area were better than those of the 6‐month samples, and the results for the CHA scaffold implantation group were better than the control group. Greater cell degeneration and degeneration of the adjacent cartilage was found in the implantation group compared with the control group at both 6 and 12 months postoperation, evaluated by O'Driscoll Articular Cartilage Histology Scoring. Implantation with the CHA scaffold matrix promoted cartilage repair and improved its compression capacity. The type II collagen level in the CHA scaffold implantation group tended to be higher than that in the control group at 6 months (2.33 ± 1.50 vs 1.68 ± 0.56) and 12 months postsurgery (3.37 ± 1.70 vs 2.06 ± 0.63). The GAG content in the cartilage of the control group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group (2.17 ± 0.43 vs 3.64 ± 1.17, P = 0.002 at 6 months and 2.27 ± 0.38 vs 4.12 ± 1.02, P = 0.002 at 12 months). Type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan content also demonstrated that CHA was beneficial for the accumulation of both these vital substances in the cartilage tissue.

Conclusions

The CHA scaffold displayed the ability to promote cartilage repair when applied in microfracture surgery, which makes it a promising material for application in the area of cartilage tissue engineering.
Net land gain or loss for two Mississippi River diversions: Caernarvon and Davis Pond
Authors: Turner R. Eugene , Layne Michael , Mo Yu , Swenson Erick M.
Published: August 2019

Coastal wetland restoration can be complex and expensive, so knowing long‐term consequences makes it important to inform decisions about if, when, and where to conduct restoration. We determined temporal changes in land gain and loss in receiving basins and adjacent reference areas for two diversions of the Mississippi River in south Louisiana (Davis Pond and Caernarvon initiated in 1991 and 2002, respectively). Water from both diversions went into receiving basins with vegetated areas as did the adjoining reference areas. The results from two different types of satellite imagery analyses demonstrate a net land loss after diversions began. The results were confirmed for the Caernarvon diversion using a before–after/control–impact analysis of independently collected data over a larger area of the estuary. These results are consistent with an analysis of land gain and loss after a natural levee break on the Mississippi River in 1973. The positive influences of adding new sediments were apparently counter‐balanced by other factors, and consistent with the conclusion from other studies indicating that increased nutrient supply and flooding are, by themselves, negative influences on marsh health. Modeling the ecosystem effects of diversions can be calibrated and tested using landscape‐scale analyses like this to understand the chronic and delayed effects, including the unintended consequences. Basing the legitimacy of river diversion on ecosystem modeling will be premature without successfully reproducing empirical results like these in ecosystem models.
On Choosing Mixture Components via Non-Local Priors
Authors: Fúquene Jairo , Steel Mark , Rossell David
Published: August 2019

Choosing the number of mixture components remains an elusive challenge. Model selection criteria can be either overly liberal or conservative and return poorly separated components of limited practical use. We formalize non-local priors (NLPs) for mixtures and show how they lead to well-separated components with non-negligible weight, interpretable as distinct subpopulations. We also propose an estimator for posterior model probabilities under local priors and NLPs, showing that Bayes factors are ratios of posterior-to-prior empty cluster probabilities. The estimator is widely applicable and helps to set thresholds to drop unoccupied components in overfitted mixtures. We suggest default prior parameters based on multimodality for normal–T-mixtures and minimal informativeness for categorical outcomes. We characterize theoretically the NLP-induced sparsity, derive tractable expressions and algorithms. We fully develop normal, binomial and product binomial mixtures but the theory, computation and principles hold more generally. We observed a serious lack of sensitivity of the Bayesian information criterion, insufficient parsimony of the Akaike information criterion and a local prior, and a mixed behaviour of the singular Bayesian information criterion. We also considered overfitted mixtures; their performance was competitive but depended on tuning parameters. Under our default prior elicitation NLPs offered a good compromise between sparsity and power to detect meaningfully separated components.
Should we video OSCEs for student appeals?
Authors: Hogley Rhianna , Thampy Harish , Fisher Pip
Published: August 2019

Background

Those setting objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs) are likely to encounter candidates who dispute the examiners’ scores and feedback. At our own institution, candidates have requested video recording to aid in later academic appeals. Before ceding to such requests, we wished to be certain that the marking of recorded OSCEs would give comparable results to live marking, and that technical challenges could be met within reasonable cost.

Methods

We adopted a mixed‐methods approach to explore the use of video recording OSCEs. Following an initial literature review, we surveyed and interviewed the assessment leads of UK medical schools and postgraduate institutions setting high stakes OSCEs to explore their views and experience in using recordings as part of summative OSCE assessments.

Results

Results from our literature review reveal inconsistent findings about the comparability of marks awarded from video marking and those awarded by examiner in‐station marking, with suggestions that video marking generates lower scores. The majority of UK medical education institutions were neither videoing OSCEs nor considering doing so. Many logistical and assessor‐related drawbacks to video review were identified, with significant concerns raised about how such a process could be feasibly managed.

Discussion

Although the videoing of OSCEs may superficially appear an easy solution to provide defensibility of the process, the potential use is beset with challenge, going beyond purely logistical and technical difficulties. The use of videoing for the purpose of OSCE appeals is not currently supported by the literature, nor by the majority of UK undergraduate and postgraduate medical education institutions delivering high‐stakes summative OSCEs.
Perceptions and experience of veterinary surgery residents with minimally invasive surgery simulation training
Authors: Balsa Ingrid M. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Culp William T. N. , Mayhew Philipp D.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To determine access to and use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) simulators among American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) small animal residents and to identify barriers to simulator use and perceptions of simulator training.

Study design

Voluntary online survey.

Sample population

One hundred forty‐one ACVS small animal residents.

Methods

American College of Veterinary Surgeons residents were identified by contacting ACVS residency program directors. An emailed online survey was sent to residents along with a reminder email 2 weeks later. All surveys were collected within 1 month. Participation was voluntary but incentivized.

Results

Response rate to the survey was 79 of 141 (56%) residents. Twenty‐eight of 77 (36%) residents have access to a simulator, with box simulators being most common. Lack of time was the most frequent reason for not using the simulator more. Sixty‐eight of 77 (88%) and 65 of 77 (65%) residents agreed or strongly agreed that simulator‐based training improves laparoscopic skills and that simulator skills are transferable to the operating room, respectively. Residents with access to a simulator were more comfortable with basic laparoscopic surgeries at the end of their residency than those without such access (P = .04).

Conclusion

There is substantial room for improved access to and use of MIS simulator training in ACVS residency programs. Despite lack of simulator access, residents believed that simulator training improved their skill and comfort level with basic laparoscopic procedures.

Clinical significance

The results of this study inform us about access to and perceptions of MIS simulator training among residents. This information is important to surgeons responsible for training residents and may help guide the creation of a surgical skills curriculum.
A reappraisal of the phylogeny of Mylodontidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) and the divergence of mylodontine and lestodontine sloths
Authors: Boscaini Alberto , Pujos François , Gaudin Timothy J.
Published: August 2019

The phylogeny of mylodontid sloths has recently been the subject of multiple studies. Contrasting hypotheses have been proposed, especially for the relationships among late Miocene–Pleistocene mylodontines and lestodontines. In this paper, a new and detailed phylogenetic analysis is conducted, after adding new characters and taxa previously unexplored from a phylogenetic point of view. New features derived from postcranial skeletal anatomy are added to previous studies based on craniodental evidence. In this way, the current reappraisal represents the first exhaustive phylogenetic study on the Mylodontidae that incorporates features coded for the entire skeleton. When available, multiple specimens of each bony element are observed for each operational taxonomic unit, in order to take into account intraspecific variation. The taxonomic sample of this study considers Mylodontinae at the specific level. However, many other Mylodontidae are considered, and their phylogenetic relationships tested. The taxonomic sample of this study is enriched with new taxa from central and northern South America, with the aim of compensating for the knowledge bias in favour of austral mylodontids, which have historically been more extensively studied than those from tropical latitudes. Special emphasis is given to the phylogenetic relationships of Mylodontinae, and particularly to the mylodontine and lestodontine sloths, that are recovered in the present study as monophyletic clades, and together form a larger monophyletic group. According to the present results, the Mylodontini–Lestodontini split occurred at the middle–late Miocene transition, giving rise to independent adaptive radiations across South and North America.
TMPRSS2 Is the Major Activating Protease of Influenza A Virus in Primary Human Airway Cells and Influenza B Virus in Human Type II Pneumocytes
Authors: Limburg Hannah , Harbig Anne , Bestle Dorothea , Stein David A. , Moulton Hong M. , Jaeger Julia , Janga Harshavardhan , Hardes Kornelia , Koepke Janine , Schulte Leon , Koczulla Andreas Rembert , Schmeck Bernd , Klenk Hans-Dieter , Böttcher-Friebertshäuser Eva
Published: August 2019

Influenza A viruses (IAV) and influenza B viruses (IBV) cause significant morbidity and mortality during seasonal outbreaks. Cleavage of the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) by host proteases is a prerequisite for membrane fusion and essential for virus infectivity. Inhibition of relevant proteases provides a promising therapeutic approach that may avoid the development of drug resistance. HA of most influenza viruses is cleaved at a monobasic cleavage site, and a number of proteases have been shown to cleave HA
in vitro
. This study demonstrates that the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 is the major HA-activating protease of IAV in primary human bronchial cells and of both IAV and IBV in primary human type II pneumocytes. It further reveals that human and murine airway cells can differ in their HA-cleaving protease repertoires. Our data will help drive the development of potent and selective protease inhibitors as novel drugs for influenza treatment.
The Cross Talk between TbTim50 and PIP39, Two Aspartate-Based Protein Phosphatases, Maintains Cellular Homeostasis in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Tripathi Anuj , Singha Ujjal K. , Paromov Victor , Hill Salisha , Pratap Siddharth , Rose Kristie , Chaudhuri Minu
Published: August 2019

Trypanosoma brucei, the infectious agent of African trypanosomiasis, must adapt to strikingly different host environments during its digenetic life cycle. Developmental regulation of mitochondrial activities is an essential part of these processes. We have shown previously that mitochondrial inner membrane protein translocase 50 inT. brucei(TbTim50) possesses a dually specific phosphatase activity and plays a role in the cellular stress response pathway. Using proteomics analysis, here we have elucidated a novel connection between TbTim50 and a protein phosphatase of the same family, PIP39, which is also a differentiation-related protein localized in glycosomes. We found that these two protein phosphatases cross talk via the AMPK pathway and modulate cellular metabolic activities under stress. Together, our results indicate the importance of a TbTim50 and PIP39 cascade for communication between mitochondria and other cellular parts in regulation of cell homeostasis inT. brucei.
Trypanosoma brucei Homologue of Regulator of Ribosome Synthesis 1 (Rrs1) Has Direct Interactions with Essential Trypanosome-Specific Proteins
Authors: Jaremko Daniel , Ciganda Martin , Williams Noreen
Published: August 2019

Trypanosoma brucei
is a parasite responsible for human and animal African trypanosomiasis. Current treatments for these diseases have numerous problems, and the development of novel chemotherapeutics can be achieved by identifying targets that are parasite specific and part of essential processes. Ribosome biogenesis is the process of generating translation-competent ribosomes and is critical for survival in all organisms. Work from our laboratory has shown that the formation of the 5S RNP, a crucial checkpoint in ribosome biogenesis, requires trypanosome-specific proteins P34/P37 and homologues of Rpf2 and L5 which possess parasite-specific characteristics. In this study, we characterize TbRrs1, an additional member of the
T. brucei
5S RNP, and show that it is essential for parasite survival and has unique interactions with P34/P37 and 5S rRNA. This expands our understanding of the 5S RNP in
T. brucei
and identifies new targets for future drug development.
Research priorities for young people with cancer: a UK priority setting partnership with the James Lind Alliance
Authors: Aldiss Susie , Fern Lorna A , Phillips Robert S , Callaghan Amy , Dyker Karen , Gravestock Helen , Groszmann Michael , Hamrang Leila , Hough Rachael , McGeachy Demi , Morgan Sue , Smith Sam , Upadhyaya Sheela , Veitch Helen , Veitch Lara , Williamson Max , Whelan Jeremy S , Gibson Faith
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To conduct a UK-wide survey of young people who have experienced cancer, carers and professionals, to identify and prioritise research questions to inform decisions of research funders and support the case for research with this unique cancer population.

Design

James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership.

Setting

UK health service and community.

Methods

A steering group oversaw the initiative and partner organisations were recruited. Unanswered questions were collected in an online survey. Evidence searching verified uncertainties. An interim survey was used to rank questions prior to a final prioritisation workshop.

Participants

Young people aged 13–24 years with a current or previous cancer diagnosis, their families, friends, partners and professionals who work with this population.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-two respondents submitted 855 potential questions. Following a refining process and removal of ‘out of scope’ questions, 208 unique questions remained. Systematic evidence checking identified seven answered questions and 16 were the subject of ongoing studies. The interim survey was completed by 174 participants. The top 30 questions were prioritised at a workshop attended by 25 young people, parents and multidisciplinary professionals. The top three priorities are: (1) What psychological support package improves psychological well-being, social functioning and mental health during and after treatment? (2) What interventions, including self-care, can reduce or reverse adverse short-term and long-term effects of cancer treatment? (3) What are the best strategies to improve access to clinical trials? The remaining questions reflect the complete cancer pathway: new therapies, life after cancer, support, education/employment, relapse and end-of-life care.

Conclusions

We have identified shared research priorities for young people with cancer using a rigorous, person-centred approach involving stakeholders typically not involved in setting the research agenda. The breadth of priorities suggest future research should focus on holistic and psychosocial care delivery as well as traditional drug/biology research.
Beyond transparency
Authors: Berscheid Janelle , Roewer-Despres Francois
Published: August 2019

Transparency in decision-making AI systems can only become actionable in practice when all stakeholders share responsibility for validating outcomes. We propose a three-party regulatory framework that incentivizes collaborative development in the AI ecosystem and guarantees fairness and accountability are not merely afterthoughts in high-impact domains.
SIGCSE technical symposium 2020 call for submissions
Authors: Zhang Jian , Sherriff Mark , Heckman Sarah , Cutter Pam , Monge Alvaro
Published: August 2019

After a momentous celebration looking back at fifty years of the SIGCSE Technical Symposium in Minneapolis, we are turning our attention forward for SIGCSE 2020. The theme for next year's technical symposium is "A Vision for the Next 50 Years." What will the next big ideas in computing education be? How will they change the way we teach and learn computing? What can we achieve as a community in the next fifty years?
Member spotlight
Authors: Davis Karen
Published: August 2019

In this feature of the Bulletin, we highlight members of the SIGCSE community. In this issue, Bulletin co-editor Karen Davis interviewed Amber Settle.
SIGCSE mailing lists
Authors: Morrison Briana
Published: August 2019

For me, one of the best SIGCSE membership benefits is having access to the organization's mailing lists. We first began using an electronic listserv or mailing list in 1994 to be able to communicate with each other more easily and discuss issues and concerns beyond the conversations at conferences. The mailing list allowed us to notify members of upcoming events, deadlines, and other important notices. Did you know that in 2010 we actually had seven active mailing lists? Before the days of Google groups, Dropbox, and cloud computing, all active committees and subgroups had a mailing list for member communication. Slowly those were phased out as those groups wrapped up their work.
From Literacy/Literacies to Graphic Pluralism and Inscriptive Practices
Authors: Debenport Erin , Webster Anthony K.
Published: August 2019

This article considers the ongoing importance of studying writing practices within and beyond anthropology. The works included here concentrate on scholarship that has appeared since the productive yet divisive debates that established literacy as a plural phenomenon that is best studied ethnographically. It focuses on research that surveys the multiplicity of graphic forms, the changing notions of literacies, and the ways that literacy is implicated in and constitutive of sites of power. In addition, the cited works engage with the linguistic and semiotic ideologies that inform such literacy practices, the various aesthetic sensibilities that shape writing, and the physicality/materiality of inscriptive practices. Considering the effects of previously theorizing writing as a single, uniform phenomenon and the shift to research that characterizes inscriptive practices as multiple makes possible an argument for moving beyond multiplicity to question what writing is and can be, looking to works on “inscriptive practices” and “graphic pluralism.”
Prosecution and Punishment of Corporate Criminality
Authors: Diamantis Mihailis E. , Laufer William S.
Published: August 2019

This article offers an overview of and commentary on the US approach to corporate prosecution and punishment. Though the United States purports to have a vigorous system of corporate criminal law enforcement, one could reasonably ask whether that system actually takes corporate crime seriously. Corporate prosecutions, convictions, and punishment continue to be rare events. Sanctions leveraged against corporations range from those whose effectiveness remains unproved, to those that are provably ineffective, to those that are conceptually and practically incoherent. One could also reasonably ask to what extent the United States even has a corporate criminal law to enforce. The recent history of corporate criminal law enforcement reflects a discernable shift in discretion from judges to prosecutors. This period is marked by the importance of extralegal prosecutorial guidelines, the absence of controlling case law, large gaps in statutory law, and long-called-for law reforms. One result is a systematic shift from reliance on public enforcement to private self-regulation. Not only are the resulting costs to the private sector substantial and growing, but the problems with relying on corporations to police themselves are plain to see. Amid these challenges, the thirst for private-sector responsibility and accountability should motivate continued debate over the prosecution and punishment of corporations.
Fixed Point Theorems for Cyclic Weakly Contraction Mappings in Dislocated Quasi Extended b-Metric Space
Authors: Nurwahyu Budi
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we establish and prove some theorems about existence and uniqueness of fixed point for cyclic weakly contraction mappings in dislocated quasi extended b-metric space.
Quality of Life before and after Sleeve Gastrectomy in Lebanese Population
Authors: Alkassis Marwan , Haddad Fady Gh , Gharios Joseph , Noun Roger , Chakhtoura Ghassan
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Obesity is increasing worldwide and in Lebanon with a negative impact on the quality of life. The primary objective of this study is to measure the quality of life in obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery, depending on age, sex, and degree of weight loss. A secondary objective is to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on comorbidities associated with obesity. Materials and methods. Patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 between August 2016 and April 2017 were included. Participants completed the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II (MA II) prior to operation and one year after. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS statistics version 20.0. Results. 75 patients participated in the study. The majority were women (75%), and the mean age was 36.3 years. The mean weight loss was 36.57 kg (16–76). Initially, the total MA II score was −0.33 ± 0.93. Postoperatively, it increased to 1.68 ± 0.62 (p≤0.001). All MA II parameters improved after surgery (p≤0.001), but this improvement was independent of age and sex. Improvement in self-esteem, physical activity, work performance, and sexual pleasure was influenced by the degree of weight loss (p≤0.001). All comorbidities associated with obesity regressed significantly after sleeve gastrectomy (p<0.05) with the exception of gastroesophageal reflux and varicose veins of the lower limbs. Conclusion. Sleeve gastrectomy improves quality of life and allows reduction of comorbidities.
A Case Report of Umbilical Vein Varix with Thrombosis: Prenatal Ultrasonographic Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Matsumoto Yuuki , Yanai Akihiro , Kamei Saori , Yamaguchi Ayaka , Nakamine Hirokazu , Fujita Kohei
Published: August 2019

Umbilical vein varix (UVV) is a very rare cord anomaly associated with intrauterine fetal death and fetal anomaly. We describe a case of extra-abdominal UVV with thrombosis. UVV was diagnosed at 23 weeks of gestation for the first time by ultrasonographic screening. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) near the UVV was partially increased up to about 100 cm/s, and blood flow was not detected in one of the umbilical arteries at 28 weeks of gestation. Therefore, the mother was hospitalized to monitor alterations of the PSV of the UVV frequently. Because the PSV of the UVV showed a sudden rapid increase up to about 150 cm/s at 32 weeks of gestation, she underwent emergent cesarean section on the same day to avoid sudden umbilical cord occlusion. The infant’s birth weight was 1,744 g, and the Apgar scores were 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The pathological examination showed UVV with thrombosis and an occlusion in one of the umbilical arteries. The neonatal laboratory data showed no coagulopathy. Based on our experience with this case, frequent ultrasonographic examination should be performed to detect the acute thrombosis in the case of extra-abdominal UVV, especially during the preterm period.
LncRNA CCAT1 Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation by Interacting with DDX5 and MIR-28-5P
Authors: You Zonghao , Liu Chunhui , Wang Can , Ling Zhixin , Wang Yiduo , Wang Yali , Zhang Minghao , Chen Shuqiu , Xu Bin , Guan Han , Chen Ming
Published: August 2019

Accumulated evidence indicates that CCAT1 functions as an oncogene in the progression of a variety of tumors. However, little is known as to how CCAT1 impacts tumorigenesis in human prostate cancer. In this study, we found from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center database that CCAT1 is highly upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared with androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC). Higher level of CCAT1 leads to increased mortality in patients with CRPC. In vitro and in vivo studies show that CCAT1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation as well as the tumor growth of prostate cancer xenografts. Mechanistically, in cytoplasm, CCAT1 sponges MIR-28-5P to prevent the anticancer effect. In nucleus, CCAT1 acts as a scaffold for DDX5 (P68) and AR transcriptional complex to facilitate the expression of AR-regulated genes, thus stimulating CRPC progression. Our findings suggest that CCAT1 is an oncogenic factor in the progression of CRPC with different regulatory mechanisms in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells.
Ein ungewöhnlicher Fall von Sakroiliitis bei einem Patienten mit Gicht und chronischer Psoriasis sowie Arthritis: ein Fallbericht
Authors: Alqatari Safi , Visevic Roberta , Marshall Nina , Ryan John , Murphy Grainne
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund: Entzündliche Rückenschmerzen sind durch eine Entzündung der Sakroiliakalgelenke (SIG) und der unteren Wirbelsäule gekennzeichnet. Sie treten häufig bei Patienten mit Spondyloarthropathien wie ankylosierender Spondylitis, Psoriasis-Arthritis, enteropathischer Arthritis und reaktiver Arthritis auf. Weitere mögliche Ursachen von entzündlichen Rückenschmerzen sind Infektionen und Krankheiten, bei denen es zu einer Ablagerung von Kristallen kommt, wie beispielsweise Gicht. In diesem Fall ist es schwierig, mithilfe der herkömmlichen bildgebenden Verfahren wie Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) oder Ultraschall Gicht als spezifische Ursache nachzuweisen. Fallbericht: Die vorliegende Kasuistik beschreibt den Fall eines jungen Mannes mit schwerer Psoriasis, vermuteter Psoriasis-Spondyloarthropathie und ausgedehnter chronisch-tophöser Gicht, die wegen schlechter Compliance des Patienten bezüglich Medikamenteneinnahme und Lebensstil schwierig zu behandeln war. Der Patient stellte sich mit Schmerzen vom entzündlichen Typ im Bereich des unteren Rückens und des Gesäßes vor. In den MRT-Aufnahmen des unteren Rückens und der SIG fanden sich Zeichen einer aktiven Sakroiliitis. Daraufhin erhielt der Patient einen Tumornekrosefaktor (TNF)-α-Inhibitor zur Behandlung der vermuteten axialen Psoriasis-Arthritis, der allerdings keinen wesentlichen therapeutischen Nutzen brachte. 2 Versuche einer Dual Energy-Computertomografie (DECT) der Lendenwirbelsäule (LWS) wurden nicht korrekt durchgeführt. Die CT-Aufnahmen der LWS und der SIG zeigten überwiegend gichtbedingte Erosionen der Deckplatten L2/3 und im linken SIG. Daher wurde eine Therapie mit Rasburicase eingeleitet. Diese bewirkte einen Größenrückgang der peripheren Tophi bei nur geringfügiger Besserung der Rückenschmerzen. Mit der vorliegenden Fallstudie möchten wir zu Bewusstsein bringen, dass Gicht Rückenschmerzen und in der MRT nachweisbare entzündliche Veränderungen verursachen kann. Darüber hinaus möchten wir die Bedeutung anderer bildgebender Verfahren bei Rückenschmerzen unklarer Genese hervorheben. Schlussfolgerung: Der vorliegende Fall soll auf eine wichtige, jedoch häufig übersehene Ursache von aktiver Sakroiliitis und Rückenschmerzen vom entzündlichen Typ bei Patienten mit Gicht hinweisen und deutlich machen, dass Röntgenübersichtsaufnahmen, MRT- und Ultraschalluntersuchungen keine Unterscheidung zwischen einer durch seronegative Arthritis bedingten entzündlichen Sakroiliitis und einer Gichtarthritis erlauben. CT-Untersuchungen können zusätzliche Informationen liefern, Methode der Wahl zur Differenzierung und Identifizierung einer axialen tophösen Gicht ist jedoch die DECT.
10-Year Trends in Helicobacter pylori Eradication Rates by Sitafloxacin-Based Third-Line Rescue Therapy
Authors: Mori Hideki , Suzuki Hidekazu , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Kanai Takanori
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims: Sitafloxacin (STFX)-containing regimens were shown to be useful options for third-line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. It is reported that resistance to quinolone is also increasing globally. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of the current efficacy of a 10-day ­STFX-containing third-line rescue therapy and the changes of antibiotic resistance to H. pylori compared to 2 historical controls. Methods: Patients in whom eradication treatment using both first- and second-line triple therapies failed were enrolled from 2014 to 2015. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of STFX, clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), metronidazole (MTZ) and the gyrA mutation status of the H. pylori strains were determined before treatment. After that, the patients received a 10-day triple therapy containing esomeprazole (20 mg, b.i.d.), AMX (500 mg, q.i.d.) and STFX (100 mg, b.i.d.; 10-day EAS). The eradication rate and the rate of antibiotic resistance to H. pylori were compared with 2 previous reports about STFX-containing third-line rescue therapies in 2009–2011 and 2012–2013. To explore the association between the eradication rates of regimens containing STFX, AMX and proton pump inhibitors and the location of gyrA mutation or AMX resistance, a meta-analysis was attempted. Results: The overall eradication rates, the eradication rate for gyrA mutation negative- and positive- strains were 81.6% (31/38), 94.7% (18/19) and 68.4% (13/19) respectively. These rates were not significantly different from 2 previous reports. The resistant rates to STFX, CLR, AMX, MTZ and the rate of presence of mutation in gyrA were 50.0, 81.6, 36.8, 78.9 and 50.0%, respectively, which was also not significantly different from 2 previous reports. A meta-analysis showed that the relative risk of the eradication failure is significantly lower in gyrA mutation negative strains compared to gyrA mutation positive strains, and that the relative risk of the eradication failure is significantly lower in gyrA mutation at D91 compared to gyrA mutation at N87 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). Moreover, a meta-analysis showed that the relative risk of the eradication failure is significantly lower in AMX-sensitive strains compared to AMX-resistant ones. Conclusion: Changes in the rate of antibiotic resistance to H. pylori were not observed from 2009 to 2015. The status of gyrA mutation is a superior marker for predicting successful eradication in STFX/AMX-containing triple regimen as a third-line rescue therapy.
Anti-DSF70 zur Differenzierung der Genese von interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen
Authors: Kahn Nicolas
Published: August 2019

Background: Anti-DFS70 antibodies, corresponding to the dense fine speckled antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern in HEp-2 substrates, have been observed in chronic inflammatory conditions, cancer and in healthy individuals but in only a small percentage of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Objectives: The study was aimed to investigate the possible role of anti-DFS70 antibodies to distinguish CTD associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) from idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and to explore potential correlations between anti-DFS70 antibodies and clinical parameters. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 49 healthy controls (HC), 35 scleroderma-ILD (SSc-ILD) patients as negative controls for anti-DFS70 antibody, and 260 patients with the initial diagnosis IIP including 100 nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and 160 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. ANA pattern was identified by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells and anti-DFS70 antibodies were measured in serum by ELISA. Results: Serum anti-DFS70 antibodies were less frequently seen in ILD and SSc-ILD patients compared to HCs. Thirty-seven patients (34 initial idiopathic NSIP and 3 initial IPF patients) developed CTD during 24 months of follow-up, most of them combined with ANA positivity and anti-DFS70 antibody negativity. Anti-DFS70 antibody positivity was not significantly different between CTD-ILD and idiopathic ILD. Conclusions: The frequency of serum anti-DFS70 antibody is markedly decreased in patients with ILDs. Anti-DFS70 antibodies may be useful to predict CTD development in ILD patients.
Acute-Onset Pneumonitis while Administering the First Dose of Durvalumab
Authors: Tonk Erwin H.J. , van Lindert Anne S.R. , Verhoeff Joost J.C. , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P.M.
Published: August 2019

In locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, consolidation therapy with durvalumab (an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody) has proven to significantly increase both progression free and overall survival after chemoradiotherapy. Here, we describe a case of acute pneumonitis during durvalumab administration for locally advanced NSCLC, causing persistent symptomatology and steroid treatment to date. To our knowledge, acute-onset pneumonitis during infusion of a PD-L1 inhibitor has not been described previously. This case illustrates that ICI-induced pneumonitis can occur anytime during treatment, especially after chemoradiation.
Educating Paramedics on the Finger-to-Nose Test Improves Recognition of Posterior Stroke
Authors: Oostema J. Adam , Chassee Todd , Baer William , Edberg Allison , Reeves Mathew J.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Emergency medical services (EMS) stroke recognition facilitates rapid care, however, prehospital stroke screening tools rely on signs that are often absent in posterior circulation strokes. We hypothesized that addition of the finger-to-nose (FTN) test to the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale would improve EMS posterior stroke recognition.

Methods—

In this controlled before and after study of consecutive EMS transported posterior ischemic strokes, paramedics in a single EMS agency received in-person training in the use of the FTN test. Paramedics at 2 other local EMS agencies served as controls. We compared the change in posterior stroke recognition, door-to-CT times, and alteplase delivery between the FTN (intervention) and control agencies.

Results—

Over 21 months, 51 posterior circulation strokes were transported by the FTN agency and 88 in the control agencies. Following training, posterior stroke recognition improved from 46% to 74% (
P
=0.039) in the FTN agency, whereas there was no change in the control agencies (32% before versus 39% after,
P
=0.467). Mean door-to-CT time in the FTN agency also improved following training (62–41 minutes,
P
=0.037) but not in the control agencies (58–61 minutes,
P
=0.771). There was no difference in alteplase delivery.

Conclusions—

Paramedics trained in the FTN test were more likely to identify posterior stroke. If future studies confirm these findings, such training may expedite the care of posterior stroke patients transported by EMS.
Chevaliidae
Authors: MYERS ALAN A.
Published: August 2019

A new species of chevaliid is reported from the Great Barrier Reef. It is compared with Chevalia pacifica Myers from Papua New Guinea, with C. aviculae Walker from Sri Lanka and with material attributed to C. aviculae from Fiji.
Colomastigidae
Authors: LECROY SARA E.
Published: August 2019

The family Colomastigidae is represented on the Great Barrier Reef by a total of six species, all members of the genus Colomastix, three of which are new to science. Ranges of the three known species, C. japonica Bulycheva, 1955, C. lunalilo J.L. Barnard, 1970 and C. plumosa Ledoyer, 1979, are extended to include the Great Barrier Reef. Of the three new species, two are found only on the Reef and the third also occurs near Port Jackson, New South Wales. All six species are fully described and illustrated.
Cyproideidae
Authors: AZMAN B. A. R.
Published: August 2019

Two new species of cyproideid amphipods, Cyproidea cobia, sp. nov. and Narapheonoides lowryi, sp. nov., are described from the Great Barrier Reef. Cyproidea cobia, sp. nov., is characterized by gnathopod 1 having a rectolinear basis and gnathopod 2 ischium posterior process not developed. Narapheonoides lowryi, sp. nov., differs from its congeners in that the basis in both pereopods 6 and 7 has a posterodistal flange and the pereopod 6 basis is broader. With the recently described Gbroidea dingaalana Lowry & Azman, 2008, collected from Lizard Island, this study brings the number of known cyproideid amphipods from the Great Barrier Reef to three species.
Iciliidae
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , HUGHES L. E.
Published: August 2019

One species of iciliid amphipod, Icilius caledoniana Watson, Lowry & Steinberg, 2004, is reported from the northern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, living on the calcareous green alga, Halimeda sp.
Iphimediidae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

The new species Iphimedia schminkei is described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. On pereonite 7 and pleonites 1-3 it has a keel-like elevation, short, paired dorsal processes and fringes of microtrichs on the posterior segmental margins. The maxilla 1 palp is longer than the outer plate and the pereopod 7 basis has 2 pointed processes on the posterior margin and an additional small tooth posteroventrally.
Leucothoidae
Authors: WHITE KRISTINE N. , THOMAS JAMES DARWIN
Published: August 2019

Four genera and 17 species of leucothoids, the majority of these belonging to the genus Leucothoe, are herein reported from the Great Barrier Reef. Fifteen species are new to science and only Anamixis bazimut has been previously reported from the Great Barrier Reef.
Maeridae, the Ceradocus group
Authors: KRAPP-SCHICKEL TRAUDL
Published: August 2019

Eight genera, of which one is new to science and 18 species, of which one is new to science, are reported, primarily living in the crevices of the reef or among algae, but one genus is probably interstitial.
Maeridae, the Elasmopus group
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , HUGHES L. E.
Published: August 2019

In the Elasmopus group of maerid amphipods, seven species of Elasmopus, six species of Mallacoota and two species of Parelasmopus are reported from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Five of the 15 species, Elasmopus slatyeri, Elasmopus varanocephalensis, Mallacoota capricornia, Mallacoota scopulosa and Parelasmopus cymatilis are new to science. The Maeridae is diagnosed against all amphipod families and additional genera are assigned to the family.
Maxillipiidae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

Maxillipius rectitelson Ledoyer, 1973 is redescribed. It was found for the first time in Australia close to Lizard Island. It differs from Maxillipius commensalis Lowry, 1984 by the unproduced anterior margin of coxa 1 and the bulky carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1.
Melitidae, the Melita group
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , SPRINGTHORPE R. T.
Published: August 2019

In the Melita group, new records of Dulichiella pacifica Lowry & Springthorpe are reported from the Great Barrier Reef. The record of Dulichiella australis (Haswell) from the GBR is rejected. The genus Melita (M. myersi G. Karaman and M. sampsonae sp. nov.) is reported from the GBR for the first time. The genus Tegano Barnard & Karaman is amended and reported from Australian (T. atkinsae sp. nov.), New Caledonian (T. levis (Stock & Iliffe)) and Japanese (T. shiodamari (Yamato)) waters for the first time.
Platyischnopidae
Authors: HUGHES L. E.
Published: August 2019

Two genera and two species of Platyischnopidae are recorded from the Great Barrier Reef: Platyischnopus mam Barnard & Drummond and a new species Tomituka eumilli sp. nov.
Pleustidae
Authors: JUST JEAN
Published: August 2019

The austropleustine Tepidopleustes acromatius sp. nov. (Pleustidae) is described from the outer Great Barrier Reef off Lizard Island. The species is similar to two tropical species from Madagascar, Mauritius and Hawaii, but differs in several characters from two species previously reported from Australia.
Sebidae
Authors: YERMAN MICHELLE N. , COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

Three new species of sebid amphipods are reported from the Great Barrier Reef.
Unciolidae
Authors: MYERS ALAN A.
Published: August 2019

One genus and one species of unciolid are reported from the Great Barrier Reef. Unciolids are worldwide in distribution, but only one genus is currently described from Australia.
Uristidae
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , STODDART H. E.
Published: August 2019

Two genera and three species of uristid amphipods are reported from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. All are considered to be scavengers which can be common in areas where they occur.
Urohaustoriidae
Authors: KILGALLEN NIAMH M.
Published: August 2019

The family Urohaustoriidae Barnard & Drummond, from the Great Barrier Reef was examined. Two species in separate genera were recorded. Both species, Tottungus solivagus and Urohaustorius drummondae are new to science.
Ampeliscidae
Authors: KING RACHAEL A.
Published: August 2019

Three species of Ampelisca are described: two are new (Ampelisca dingaal sp. nov. and Ampelisca jiigurru sp. nov.), and the third presents a range extension of Ampelisca dimboola.
Eastern Palaearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): description of a new genus and some new species
Authors: D’ENTRÈVES PIETRO PASSERIN , ROGGERO ANGELA
Published: August 2019

A new genus, Bactrianoscythris gen. nov., and five new species are described from the eastern Palaearctic Region: Bactrianoscythris afghana sp. nov., B. annae sp. nov., B. drepanella sp. nov., B. khinjani sp. nov. and B. ginevrae sp. nov. Scythris satyrella Staudinger, and S. pamirica Passerin d’Entrèves & Roggero are transferred to the new genus, and genitalic features of B. satyrella are re-described. A key to species of the new genus is provided. Scythris farsi sp. nov., of unknown affinities, is described from Iran. New records extending the known geographical distribution of another 9 species of Scythris and one species of Catascythris are also presented.
Morphological redescription of the immature and adult stages of Culex (Culex) acharistus Root (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: LAURITO MAGDALENA , ALMIRÓN WALTER RICARDO , ROSSI GUSTAVO CARLOS
Published: August 2019

Culex (Culex) acharistus Root is redescribed in the adult, pupal and larval stages. The male genitalia, pupa, and fourthinstar larvae are illustrated. The paper includes available information on the distribution, bionomics and taxonomy of the species.
A taxonomic study of Epipristis Meyrick, 1888 from China, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae)
Authors: HAN HONGXIANG , EXPÓSITO HERMOSA ANDRÉS , XUE DAYONG
Published: August 2019

The genus Epipristis Meyrick, 1888 from China is reviewed, and two new species are described: E. roseus sp. nov., from North China and E. pullusa sp. nov., from Central China. The three previously known species from China are redescribed. A key to all species from China is provided. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are presented.
Rediscovery of Pseudopyrochroa uniformis Pic (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae)
Authors: YOUNG DANIEL K.
Published: August 2019

A single, authoritatively determined female of Pseudopyrochroa uniformis Pic, previously listed as incertae sedis and unknown since its description more than 60 years ago, has been discovered. It is redescribed, compared with related southeast Asian members of Pseudopyrochroa, and pertinent structures illustrated. Antennal configuration, general form of the cranium, surface sculpturing of the pronotum, and possibly color, are diagnostic for the species.