bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desain Pengembangan Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Permainan Edukatif untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis
Authors: Mathoriyah Lailatul , Aisa Aufia , Nabilla Bela Rachmadania
Published: April 2024

This research is motivated by the lack of MA Balongrejo Sumobito students in mastering Arabic writing skills so that it affects the low interest and learning achievement. This is because conventionally which ultimately causes students to tend to be passive and get bored quickly in learning Arabic. Therefore, this study aims to develop a textbook based on Arabic language skills educational games as a solution to overcome the lack of proficiency in writing Arabic for students. The method used in this research is R&D by adopting the ADDIE model. The subjects in this study were students of class X MA Balongrejo Sumobito, totaling 27 children. Data collection instruments used in the form of interviews, questionnaires and tests. The types of data analyzed produce qualitative and quantitative data including: 1) teaching materials have been developed in the form of Arabic textbooks based on Arabic vocabulary and sentence educational games. 2) based on the validity test, the textbook developed reached a very valid feasibility level with an average of 93.33% from material experts and 83.57% from media experts. 3) the level of effectiveness of the textbooks is very effective, seen from the comparison of the pre-test scores reaching an average of 40.74% and the post-test reaching an average of 77.77%.
Analisis Latihan Soal Bahasa Arab pada Buku Ajar Mahir fi Lughoh Arabiyah Perspektif Taksonomi Bloom
Authors: Maghfiroh Rodiatul , Amrullah Abdul Malik Karim , Wahidmurni Wahidmurni , Anwar Mohammad Shohibul
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze the practice questions contained in the textbook "Mahir fi Lughoh Arabiyah" using Bloom's taxonomic approach. This approach is used to evaluate the level of thinking and understanding of students tested through practice questions. The analysis method is carried out by categorizing the problems in the textbook into six levels of Bloom's taxonomy, namely knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The results of the analysis show that the textbook "Mahir fi Lughoh Arabiyah" has successfully implemented Bloom's taxonomic approach well. The practice questions in the textbook cover different levels of taxonomy, from basic knowledge of Arabic vocabulary and grammar to students' ability to apply and analyze authentic Arabic texts. The study concluded that the textbook "Mahir fi Lughoh Arabiyah" had adopted Bloom's taxonomic approach well in designing practice problems. By covering various levels of taxonomy, this textbook is able to encourage students' thinking and understanding in learning Arabic. The recommendation of this study is the importance of using Bloom's taxonomy in designing practice problems to improve the effectiveness of Arabic learning in higher education.
Inovasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dengan Buku Digital Silsilah Allisan untuk Penutur Non-Arab
Authors: Faiqoh Putri Kholida , Baity Anggi Nurul
Published: April 2024

Within the realm of Arabic language education, there are ongoing explorations of various challenges related to pedagogical methods and initiatives focused on developing effective solutions. One notable effort is the creation of a digital book on the Allisan Silsilah by Markaz Lisanul Umm. This study aims to examine and outline the process of learning Arabic among non-Arabic-speaking individuals in Indonesia using the Silsilah Allisan digital book. The study utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, with the primary data sources being the educators and learners of Silsilah Allisan. Secondary data includes relevant articles and literature. The findings of this investigation indicate that Silsilah Allisan serves as an excellent representation of Arabic language learning. That includes practical and representative audio resources, exercises and kalam, qira'ah, and interactive kitabah facilitated through WhatsApp and Zoom groups. Additionally, proficient instructors in their respective disciplines are available to guide and assist.
Зарубіжна література : навч.-метод. посіб. [Електронне видання]
Authors:   Національний університет ", Кісельова Анастасія Андріївна ,   Одеська юридична академія", Завальська Любов Володимирівна
Published: April 2024

Пропонований посібник розрозблено згідно з вимогами програми курсу «Зарубіжна література» відповідно до освітньо-професійної програми з підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти ступеня бакалавра з галузі знань 035 «Філологія» першого-третього курсів. Складається із загальних положень, короткого змісту лекцій, планів практичних занять, критерій оцінювання під час поточного контролю, методичних рекомендацій для викладачів, які проводять практичні заняття, завдань для самостійної роботи, питань, завдань та кейсів для підсумкового контролю знань і вмінь студентів, а також списку літератури, необхідної для прочитання.
Бориченко К. В. Соціальне право : навч.-метод. посіб. для здобувачів 2 курсу першого (бакалавр.) рівня вищої освіти ф-ту адвокатури та антикорупційної діяльності ОП «Адвокатура та адвокатська діяльність» галузі знань 08-Право [Електронне видання]
Authors:   Нац. ун-т «Одес. юрид. академія», Бориченко К. В. , Панченко А. О.
Published: April 2024

Навчально-методичний посібник призначений для забезпечення навчальної, методичної та організаційної діяльності учасників освітнього процесу під час проведення аудиторної, самостійної та індивідуальної роботи здобувачів вищої освіти, підготовки їх до складання заліку.
Різноманіття, таксономічний склад та екологія базидіоміцетів Губинського району Азербайджану
Authors: Алімаммадова-Хусуєва А.А. , Агаєва Д.Н.
Published: April 2024

У статті представлено дослідження різноманітності лісових екосистем Губинського району на основі зразків грибів, зібраних у 2017–2022 роках. Всього до дослідження залучено 144 зразки, включно з тими, що зберігаються в мікологічному гербарії. Метою роботи є визначення видового різноманіття, таксономічного складу та віднесення до екологічних груп базидіальних грибів Губинського району з урахуванням сучасних таксономічних та номенклатурних новинок. У результаті дослідження зареєстро-вано 91 таксон (90 видів і один внутрішньовидовий таксон), які належать до 63 родів, 35 родин і 7 поряд-ків (Agaricales, Boletales, Cantharellales, Geastrales, Hymenochaetales, Russulales, Polyporales). Coprinellus domesticus і Russula flavisiccans вперше наведено для Азербайджану. Досліджено екологічні групи грибів, зокрема виділено екологічні групи сапробіонтів, симбіонтів, ксилотрофів і паразитів. Екологічна роль Cuphophyllus pratensis і Gliophorus psittacinusis неясна, оскільки вони трапляються серед мохів, і було припущено, що вони можуть утворювати симбіоз. Досліджено також поширення цих видів залежно від висоти; види грибів в основному відзначалися в низькогірній зоні (51) і відносно менше в середньогірній (37). В обох зонах зареєстровано три види (Bolbitius titubans, Mycena pura, Hymenopellis radicata). Деякі з них ростуть уздовж гірських схилів (Macrolepiota procera, Parasola plicatilis), а також трапляються на луках. Рідкісні та зникаючі види грибів були ідентифіковані на основі категорій МСОП.
Знахідки Spinulum annotinum (L.) A. Haines на лівобережжі Середнього Дніпра (Україна) та можливості їх збереження й охорони
Authors: Шевчик В.Л. , Соломаха І.В. , Безсмертна O.O. , Соломаха В.А. , Бондаренко Г.М.
Published: April 2024

У ході маршрутно-флористичних обстежень ділянок борової тераси на лівобережжі Середнього Дніпра виявлені нові п’ять місць зростаня рідкісного, охоронюваного в Україні виду Червоної книги України – Spinulum annotinum L. та відображено екологічні та ценотичні особливості його зростання на південній межі поширення. У всіх виявлених місцезростаннях виду переважали вегетативні, але повсюдно були присутні і спороносні пагони, що вказує на наявність репродуктивної спроможності в існуючих популя-ціях спорофітів. Вид зростає виключно по зниженнях із свіжими та вологими дерново-підзолистими ґрунтами. Особливу загрозу існуванню популяціям спорофітів становить такий лісогосподарський вплив на лісові біотопи, як суцільні рубки та загальна інтенсифікація господарської діяльності. Наявність життєздатних популяцій спорофітів у Середньо-Придніпровських лісах Spinulum annotinum ставить ряд конкретних завдань щодо організації їх охорони та забезпечення можливостей їх відтворення і поширення. У цьому зв’язку актуальними будуть заходи щодо обстежень лісів Середньопри-дніпровського регіону, відведених у рубки головного користування із типами лісорослинних умов (за шкалою Погребняка) А2-3, та їх заборона на ділянках із зростанням цього виду. Також важливо застосовувати механічне видалення чагарників і трав чужинного походження як конкурентно небезпечних для цих біотопів. Важливими та актуальними є збір нових даних про поширеність його популяцій та постійний моніторинг їх стану саме в лісостеповій зоні України. Тому саме наявність популяцій цього виду на ділянках абсолютно заповідної зони Національного природного парку «Білоозерський» є важливим для наступних досліджень процесів динаміки рослинності.
Innovative Work Order Planning with Process Optimization Using Computer Simulation in the Automotive Industry, in the Case of Repair Workshops
Authors: Krynke Marek , Mazur Magdalena
Published: April 2024

This article introduces a novel approach to enhance the efficiency of work schedule management in automotive repair shops during the planning phase, leveraging computer simulation techniques. The primary focus of this study is the optimization of the scheduling process, specifically the sequencing of car repairs, aimed at minimizing the average repair time. The proposed simulation model harnesses the power of the FlexSim simulation environment, incorporating an embedded optimization module. The article outlines the fundamental stages involved in constructing the simulation model, encompassing essential input data and information. Furthermore, the article presents empirical results demonstrating the significant impact of various simulation scenarios on resource utilization, production costs, and process duration.
Üniversite Öğrencileri Yoksulluk Algısı Ölçeği Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: Uru Mustafa Koray , Dirimeşe Erdem
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin yoksulluğu nasıl algıladıklarını ölçebilmek amacıyla “Üniversite Öğrencileri Yoksulluk Algısı (ÜÖYA)” ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ölçek 11 madde ve iki boyuttan meydana gelmektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 222 kadın, 228 erkek olmak üzere toplam 450 üniversite öğrencisi katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde bulunan bir devlet üniversitesinde toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerliliği açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle test edilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde ölçeğin iki faktörlü yapısının toplam varyansın %46,859’unu açıkladığı görülmüştür. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde kikare değeri anlamlı bulunmuştur. Uyum indeksleri [RMSEA = 0.064], [GFI = 0.957], [CFI = 0.937], [NFI = 0.907], [AGFI = 0.930], [IFI = 0.938], [TLI = 0.914], [RMR = 0.050] olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini sağladığını düşündürmektedir. ÜÖYA ölçeğinin tüm maddeler için Cronbach’s Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı 0.809 olarak bulunmuştur. 100 Örnekleme uygulanan Test-Tekrar Test güvenirliği için hesaplanan Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı 0.722 olarak elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçeğin, öğrenci yoksulluğu ile ilgili araştırmalara ve öğrenci yoksulluğuyla yapılan mücadelelere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
FORECASTING GAMIS DEMAND IN FASHION GALLERY USING WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE
Authors: Chan Zulvira Elisa , Kurniawan Edi , Sena Maulana Dwi
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This research will discuss predictions of demand for robes at the Fashion Gallery. The problem that occurs is that there is often a buildup in the number of robes provided in shops, thereby increasing additional expenses, such as storage costs and demand costs. On the other hand, if there is too little stock of robes, it will result in losses because potential buyers do not get the items they need. In this case, the forecasting system will be used as a tool to solve the problem of robe accumulation. The WMA method prioritizes the most recent data points while smoothing out fluctuations. The advantage of this method is increased responsiveness to recent changes in demand patterns, contributing to more accurate forecasts by considering current information more prominently than historical data. By implementing the WMA method, it is hoped that the accumulation of robes can be avoided. From the results of prediction calculations in January 2024, it is predicted that there will be 143 adult robes, with a MAD of 7.685185, MSE 74.79938 and MAPE 5%. For small children's robes, it is predicted that there will be 56 shirts, with MAD of 8.388889, MSE of 91.16358 and MAPE of 12%. It can be concluded that the WMA method can make it easier for Fashion Gallery to predict demand for adult and children's robes in the following month.Keywords: forecasting; robe request; weighted moving average Abstrak: Dalam penelitian ini akan membahas prediksi permintaan baju gamis pada Fashion Gallery. Permasalahan yang terjadi sering terjadinya penumpukan pada jumlah baju gamis yang disediakan pada toko, sehingga meningkatkan beban tambahan, seperti biaya penyimpanan dan biaya permintaan. Sebaliknya, apabila stok gamis yang terlalu sedikit, mengakibatkan kerugian yang disebabkan karena calon pembeli tidak mendapatkan barang yang dibutuhkan. Dalam hal ini sistem forecasting akan digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan penumpukan baju gamis. Metode WMA, lebih mementingkan titik data terkini sambil memperlancar fluktuasi. Kelebihan metode ini meningkatkan daya tanggap terhadap perubahan pola permintaan terkini, berkontribusi pada perkiraan yang lebih akurat dengan mempertimbangkan informasi terkini secara lebih menonjol dibandingkan data historis. Dengan diterapkannya metode WMA, diharapkan dapat menghindari terjadinya penumpukan baju gamis. Dari hasil perhitungan prediksi pada bulan Januari 2024, untuk baju gamis dewasa diprediksi sebanyak 143 baju, dengan MAD sebesar 7.685185, MSE 74.79938 dan MAPE 5%. Untuk baju gamis anak kecil diprediksi sebanyak 56 baju, dengan MAD sebesar 8.388889, MSE 91.16358 dan MAPE sebesar 12%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode WMA dapat memudahkan Fashion Gallery dalam meramalkan permintaan baju gamis dewasa dan anak-anak pada bulan berikutnya.Kata Kunci: forecasting; permintaan baju gamis; weighted moving average
STUDI RESILIENSI REMAJA KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI PESANTREN X: EFEKTIVITAS INTERVENSI COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL (CB)
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Faroh Najdah , Hidayat Fikri Nur , Afridah Mumtaz
Published: April 2024

Kekerasan seksual merujuk pada penggunaan kekuatan fisik, ancaman, atau tindakan lain yang mengakibatkan dampak negatif terhadap seseorang atau sekelompok orang, khususnya dalam konteks seksual. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Kasus melibatkan pendekatan kualitatif dan Teknik pengumpulan data seperti Observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Penelitian ini dapat menggunakan pendekatan kualitati yang bersifat deskriptif, interpretative dan naturalistik Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor resiliensi meningkat setelah intervensi CB. Sehingga model CB dapat diadopsi oleh pesantren untuk meningkatkan resiliensi remaja korban kekerasan seksual. Korban mengalami dampak psikologis seperti membenci diri sendiri, trauma, dan ingin melarikan diri. Namun mereka tetap bertahan karena tekanan ekonomi keluarga. Kedua korban mendapat dukungan sosial dari pengurus pesantren sehingga membantu meningkatkan resiliensi mereka.  Intervensi Cognitive-Behavioral (CB) terbukti efektif meningkatkan resiliensi remaja korban kekerasan seksual di Pesantren X. Intervensi CB membantu mengubah pola pikir negatif, mengelola emosi, dan meningkatkan keterampilan mengatasi masalah
MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK MELALUI PERMAIANAN KONSTRUKTIF PADA AKAN KELOMPOK A
Authors: Irfan Ahmad Zainul
Published: April 2024

Potensi kreatif anak hanya dapat dikembangkan melalui proses kreatif yang disebabkan oleh  kesempatan bermain yang mendorong tanda-tanda kreativitas pada anak usia dini.” (Yulian.N, 2020, p. 41). Berlandaskan latar belakang di  atas, rumusan masalah pada riset ini  yakni bagaimana  permainan konstruktif mampu meningkatkan kreativitas anak kelompok  A di  TK AL-Barokah Lombok Timur.  Berlandaskan  rumusan masalah, maka tujuan riset ini  yakni meningkatkan kreativitas melalui permainan konstruktif di kelompok  A TK AL-Barokah Lombok Timur. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 3-4 tahun TK AL-Barokah Ajaran tahun ajaran 2023/2024 yang berjumlah 10 anak, 5 perempuan dan 5  laki-laki. Penelitian ini  merupakan  Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK),  yang merupakan   bagian  dari   penelitian   tindakan   kelompok.  Hasil   penelitian   ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan konstruktif berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kreativitas anak Kelompok  A TK AL-Barokah. Bermain konstruktif memberikan pengalaman belajar yang menyenangkan, memungkinkan anak berpikir kreatif dan mengembangkan beberapa keterampilan penting seperti keterampilan motorik halus, kerja sama, dan berbagi ide. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permainan konstruktif berpengaruh positif terhadap pemikiran kreatif, motorik halus dan interaksi sosial anak
An Examination of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DEIB) Initiatives in Large U.S. Public Accounting Firms to Recruit and Retain Women and Minorities in the Workplace
Authors: Miller Rebecca A. , Boyer Davis Stacy , Ammel Nick
Published: April 2024

Public accounting firms are currently facing lower recruitment and retention rates, but the use of effective and authentic diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging initiatives can better the workplace environment. Through different DEIB initiatives, like mentorship programs, anti-bias training, employee resource groups, inclusive leadership, and pay equity, women and minorities can feel represented and comfortable in the workplace. From analyzing Big Four DEI Transparency Reports, a relationship is shown between effective DEIB initiatives and recruitment and retention within the firms. Furthermore, these DEIB initiatives are important aspects of a firm’s business strategy to be able to compete with one another.
La cultura escrita en el mundo atlántico colonial: claves historiográficas, retos y perspectivas
Authors: Rueda Ramírez Pedro
Published: April 2024

En este artículo nos centraremos en el Atlántico y las relaciones en clave cultural (de ida y vuelta) entre América y Europa. Analizaremos los estudios que se han ocu­pado de la cultura escrita, la historiografía sobre la correspondencia, la circulación de los textos y las redes de distribución de li­bros en las relaciones atlánticas, donde la comunicación estaba sujeta a un ritmo pro­pio de contacto y transferencia. La mirada en torno a los fenómenos atlánticos supone romper ciertas barreras, admitir la mezcla y lo diverso, no centrarse únicamente en las interpretaciones institucionales y jurídicas, ya que la norma se fija, pero su transgresión se da de manera habitual en las relaciones atlánticas.
El libro como instrumento de la construcción de un mundo global: los misioneros y la cultura del escrito
Authors: Romano Antonella
Published: April 2024

En los últimos sesenta años, la investi­gación sobre  los procesos de circulación de lo escrito en el Renacimiento, se ha desple­gado en numerosas direcciones a partir de los trabajos consagrados a la Historia del Libro y a la Imprenta. Cuestionar la figu­ra de los actores de la circulación de textos permite, sin embargo, reflexionar mejor so­bre las lógicas de la circulación de lo escrito y de sus espacios, invitándonos a ampliar la investigación, incluyendo nuevas dimen­siones, vinculadas con lo que fueron los mundos del Renacimiento más allá de la cuenca mediterránea, de sus culturas de la escritura y del libro. Entonces, el enfoque de los misioneros, en particular de la Com­pañía de Jesús, se revela como un punto de observación privilegiado para liberar la reflexión de una perspectiva difusionista, examinando el concepto de “textualidad” en el ámbito de los mundos letrados que se construyeron entre el Nuevo Mundo y la Vieja Europa.
Marine cadastre: Ukrainian realities in the context of world experience
Authors:   Department of Land Resources Management, Black Sea National University Petra Mohyly, PEROVYCH L. , BELINSKA S. ,   Department of Land Resources Management, Black Sea National University Petra Mohyly
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to attract the attention and awareness of state authorities and local self-government bodies, specialists and the public to the role of the marine cadastre in the economy of Ukraine and to initiate a discussion on the subject of its creation and functioning. To achieve the goal, an analysis of the current state of the maritime cadastre in a number of foreign countries and in Ukraine was performed.Method. In the process of conducting this research, an analytical method was used. In particular, the structure, management methods and functioning of the marine cadastral systems of the USA, Canada, Australia, Malaysia and a number of European countries have been studied. An analysis of the regulatory and legal acts and the institutional base of Ukraine for the possibility of creating a system of the country’s maritime cadastre was carried out. The object of the study was the sea water areas of the Ukrainian Azov-Black Sea basin and the coastal protective strips of the seas. The research results show that there are legal, institutional and technical prerequisites for the creation of a marine cadastral system in Ukraine. For the full functioning of the marine cadastre system of Ukraine, it is necessary to supplement the existing legislative and regulatory framework, which would allow to regulate in the legal field the issues of institutional and technical support of the cadastre, as well as its administration.When creating a marine cadastre, one should observe an important principle: the land-sea environment is a complete natural-territorial complex. Scientific novelty and practical significance.. The main problems that must be solved in order to build and operate an effective marine cadastre system in Ukraine are defined. Given the fact that coastal territories and the marine environment should be considered as integral natural complexes, in terms of organizational and management, the administrators of the marine cadastre at this stage can be the structural subdivisions of the State Geocadastre and the State Hydrography of Ukraine.
Management of the geospatial data publicity in Ukraine during wartime
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, MARTYN A. , TREVOHO I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, YEVSYUKOV T. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main security risks of geospatial data publicity in Ukraine in wartime conditions. The effectiveness of “cartographic censorship” was evaluated and the existing organizational and legal mechanisms for restricting access to geodata in Ukraine were investigated. Special attention is paid to the importance of unimpeded access to geospatial data in key areas. Methods. A comprehensive approach was used, including the analysis of national legislation and technical regulation of providing access to geospatial data within the framework of the National Infrastructure of Geospatial Data, a comparative analysis with international practices, as well as an assessment of real cases of application of “map censorship”. The evaluation of the regulatory and legal framework of Ukraine regarding the publicity of geospatial data in wartime conditions was analyzed on the basis of official documents published in the “Legislation of Ukraine” database of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the current mechanisms of geospatial data management under martial law conditions is presented. The directions of application of new technologies of access regulation, which take into account both the needs of national security and the need for public access to geoinformation in certain areas, are substantiated. Practical significance. The presented recommendations can be used by government and military authorities to optimize access to geospatial data in wartime, ensuring a balance between security and openness of information.
Hryhorij Skovoroda and natural science
Authors:   Research geodetic, topographical and cartographic institute, DRBAL A. , TREVOHO I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, VOVK A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2024

A brief biography and activity of the famost Ukrainian philosopher, poet and the musician Hryhorij Skovoroda (*1722-†1794) are described. A special attention is dedicated to his interests in natural sciences and travelling.
Random vector functional link networks for function approximation on manifolds
Authors: Needell Deanna , Nelson Aaron A. , Saab Rayan , Salanevich Palina , Schavemaker Olov
Published: April 2024

The learning speed of feed-forward neural networks is notoriously slow and has presented a bottleneck in deep learning applications for several decades. For instance, gradient-based learning algorithms, which are used extensively to train neural networks, tend to work slowly when all of the network parameters must be iteratively tuned. To counter this, both researchers and practitioners have tried introducing randomness to reduce the learning requirement. Based on the original construction of Igelnik and Pao, single layer neural-networks with random input-to-hidden layer weights and biases have seen success in practice, but the necessary theoretical justification is lacking. In this study, we begin to fill this theoretical gap. We then extend this result to the non-asymptotic setting using a concentration inequality for Monte-Carlo integral approximations. We provide a (corrected) rigorous proof that the Igelnik and Pao construction is a universal approximator for continuous functions on compact domains, with approximation error squared decaying asymptotically like O(1/n) for the number n of network nodes. We then extend this result to the non-asymptotic setting, proving that one can achieve any desired approximation error with high probability provided n is sufficiently large. We further adapt this randomized neural network architecture to approximate functions on smooth, compact submanifolds of Euclidean space, providing theoretical guarantees in both the asymptotic and non-asymptotic forms. Finally, we illustrate our results on manifolds with numerical experiments.
The alteration of the structure and macroscopic mechanical response of porcine patellar tendon by elastase digestion
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Deng Yuping , Liang Zeyu , Qiao Dan , Zhang Wentian , Wang Mian , Li Feifei , Liu Jiannan , Wu Yaobing , Chen Guangxin , Liu Yan , Tan Wenchang , Xing Jian , Huang Wenhua , Zhao Dongliang , Li Yanbing
Published: April 2024

Background: The treatment of patellar tendon injury has always been an unsolved problem, and mechanical characterization is very important for its repair and reconstruction. Elastin is a contributor to mechanics, but it is not clear how it affects the elasticity, viscoelastic properties, and structure of patellar tendon.

Methods: The patellar tendons from six fresh adult experimental pigs were used in this study and they were made into 77 samples. The patellar tendon was specifically degraded by elastase, and the regional mechanical response and structural changes were investigated by: (1) Based on the previous study of elastase treatment conditions, the biochemical quantification of collagen, glycosaminoglycan and total protein was carried out; (2) The patellar tendon was divided into the proximal, central, and distal regions, and then the axial tensile test and stress relaxation test were performed before and after phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or elastase treatment; (3) The dynamic constitutive model was established by the obtained mechanical data; (4) The structural relationship between elastin and collagen fibers was analyzed by two-photon microscopy and histology.

Results: There was no statistical difference in mechanics between patellar tendon regions. Compared with those before elastase treatment, the low tensile modulus decreased by 75%–80%, the high tensile modulus decreased by 38%–47%, and the transition strain was prolonged after treatment. For viscoelastic behavior, the stress relaxation increased, the initial slope increased by 55%, the saturation slope increased by 44%, and the transition time increased by 25% after enzyme treatment. Elastin degradation made the collagen fibers of patellar tendon become disordered and looser, and the fiber wavelength increased significantly.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that elastin plays an important role in the mechanical properties and fiber structure stability of patellar tendon, which supplements the structure-function relationship information of patellar tendon. The established constitutive model is of great significance to the prediction, repair and replacement of patellar tendon injury. In addition, human patellar tendon has a higher elastin content, so the results of this study can provide supporting information on the natural properties of tendon elastin degradation and guide the development of artificial patellar tendon biomaterials.
Impact of flooding events on buried infrastructures: a review
Authors: Abegaz Ruth , Xu Jun , Wang Fei , Huang Jie
Published: April 2024

This review delves into the profound implications of flooding events on buried infrastructures, specifically pipelines, tunnels, and culverts. While these buried infrastructures are vital for community resilience, their susceptibility to damage from flooding, storm surges, and hurricanes poses significant challenges. Unlike the obvious impact on above-ground structures, the effects of flooding on buried infrastructures, being out of sight, are not quickly and easily observable. This review aims to 1) review the state-of-the-art research on the flooding effects on buried structures and summarize causes of failures of buried infrastructures induced by flooding; 2) identify the research gaps on this topic to motivate in-depth investigations; and 3) discuss the future research directions. This review sheds light on how factors contributing to the vulnerability of buried infrastructures are multifaceted and can vary based on the specific characteristics of the infrastructure, the local environment, and the nature of the flood event. Despite the availability of many articles on the topic, this review also highlights a lack of methodologies to assess flooding damage and its impact on the serviceability of buried infrastructures. We suggested three future research directions to bridge this research gap including investigating and distinguishing key factors to quantify flooding damage to buried infrastructures, developing advanced modeling techniques, and exploring the integration of smart technologies in health monitoring of buried infrastructures.
Distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) lipids from soils and sediments from the same watershed are distinct regionally (central Chile) but not globally
Authors: O’Beirne Molly D. , Scott Wesley P. , Contreras Sergio , Araneda A. , Tejos E. , Moscoso J. , Werne Josef P.
Published: April 2024

Quantitative reconstructions of past continental climates are vital for understanding contemporary and past climate change. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are unique bacterial lipids that have been proposed as universal paleothermometers due to their correlation with temperature in modern settings. Thus, brGDGTs may serve as a crucial paleotemperature proxy for understanding past climate variations and improving regional climate projections, especially in critical but under constrained regions. That said, complications can arise in their application due to varying source contributions (e.g., soils vs. peats vs. lacustrine). As such, this study investigates brGDGT distributions in Chilean lake surface sediments and corresponding watershed soils to determine the source of brGDGTs to lake sediments. Global datasets of brGDGTs in lake sediments and soils were additionally compiled for comparison. Distinct brGDGT distributions in Chilean lakes and soils indicate minimal bias from soil inputs to the lacustrine sediments as well as in situ lacustrine production of brGDGTs, which supports the use of brGDGTs in lake sediments as reliable paleotemperature proxies in the region. The ΣIIIa/ΣIIa ratio, initially promising as a brGDGT source indicator in marine settings, shows global complexities in lacustrine settings, challenging the establishment of universal thresholds for source apportionment. That said, we show that the ratio can be successfully applied in Chilean lake surface sediments. Direct comparisons with watershed soils and further research are crucial for discerning brGDGT sources in lake sediments and improving paleotemperature reconstructions on regional and global scales moving forward. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into brGDGT variability, essential for accurate paleoreconstructions.
Biotechnology project-based learning encourages learning and mathematics application
Authors: Jiménez-Gaona Yuliana , Vivanco-Galván Oscar
Published: April 2024

Project-based learning (PBL) is a promising approach to enhance mathematics learning concepts in higher education. Here, teachers provide guidance and support to PBL implementation. The objective of this study was to develop PBL-based biotechnological projects as a strategy for mathematics learning. The methodology design was applied to 111 university students from Biochemical, Chemical Engineering and Business Administration careers. Knowledge, skills, perceptions, and engagement were measured through questionnaires, workshops, rubrics, and survey instruments. As a result, the paired comparison between tests, questionnaires and project shows significant differences (p < 0.001) between the experimental group and the control group. It is concluded that the teaching of mathematics should be oriented to the development of competencies, abilities, and skills that allow students to generate real solutions and broaden their vision of the applicability of their knowledge using new learning strategies.
The ion channel TRPV5 regulates B-cell signaling and activation
Authors: Mahtani Trisha , Sheth Hena , Smith L. K. , Benedict Leshawn , Brecier Aurelie , Ghasemlou Nader , Treanor Bebhinn
Published: April 2024

Introduction

B-cell activation triggers the release of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores through the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway resulting in calcium influx by calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels on the plasma membrane. B-cell-specific murine knockouts of SOCE do not impact humoral immunity suggesting that alternative channels may be important.

Methods

We identified a member of the calcium-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family, TRPV5, as a candidate channel expressed in B cells by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) screen. To further investigate the role of TRPV5 in B-cell responses, we generated a murine TRPV5 knockout (KO) by CRISPR–Cas9.

Results

We found TRPV5 polarized to B-cell receptor (BCR) clusters upon stimulation in a PI3K–RhoA-dependent manner. TRPV5 KO mice have normal B-cell development and mature B-cell numbers. Surprisingly, calcium influx upon BCR stimulation in primary TRPV5 KO B cells was not impaired; however, differential expression of other calcium-regulating proteins, such as ORAI1, may contribute to a compensatory mechanism for calcium signaling in these cells. We demonstrate that TRPV5 KO B cells have impaired spreading and contraction in response to membrane-bound antigen. Consistent with this, TRPV5 KO B cells have reduced BCR signaling measured through phospho-tyrosine residues. Lastly, we also found that TRPV5 is important for early T-dependent antigen specific responses post-immunization.

Discussion

Thus, our findings identify a role for TRPV5 in BCR signaling and B-cell activation.
Mapping elasmobranch occurrences and overlap with human activities using local knowledge and non-invasive sampling to identify areas of potential conflict
Authors: Batista Marisa I. , Abril Catarina , Veríssimo Ana , Vasconcelos Rita P. , Pais Miguel P. , Henriques Sofia
Published: April 2024

Over one-third of all elasmobranch species are at risk of extinction worldwide. This study aims to contribute to their conservation worldwide through a case study that combines georeferenced data on species presence and abundance with spatial distribution of human activities, through a Spatial Conflict Risk Index (SCRI). The SCRI pinpoints possible risk areas obtained from the spatial overlap of elasmobranch species abundance and distribution with impacting human activities. Data on species presence and abundance around a Marine Protected Area, the Berlengas Natural Reserve (Portugal) were obtained through four non-invasive methods: Baited Remote Underwater Videos (BRUV), Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), scientific observers onboard longline commercial fishing vessels and citizen science and social media reports. Human activities were mapped based on LEK. Qualitative abundance and distribution data was obtained for 22 species. SCRI highlighted some high-risk areas due to overlap of areas of frequent occurrence of elasmobranchs with potential high impact activities (e.g. longline fishery). This study highlighted the potential of multi-method approaches to estimate the distribution of rare, highly mobile species in data-limited contexts, and assess their exposure to human activities. The SCRI is a useful tool to support the implementation of effective conservation regulations.
Non-invasive prediction of preeclampsia using the maternal plasma cell-free DNA profile and clinical risk factors
Authors: Yu Yan , Xu Wenqiu , Zhang Sufen , Feng Suihua , Feng Feng , Dai Junshang , Zhang Xiao , Tian Peirun , Wang Shunyao , Zhao Zhiguang , Zhao Wenrui , Guan Liping , Qiu Zhixu , Zhang Jianguo , Peng Huanhuan , Lin Jiawei , Zhang Qun , Chen Weiping , Li Huahua , Zhao Qiang , Xiao Gefei , Li Zhongzhe , Zhou Shihao , Peng Can , Xu Zhen , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Rui , He Xiaohong , Li Hua , Li Jia , Ruan Xiaohong , Zhao Lijian , He Jun
Published: April 2024

Background

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication defined by new onset hypertension and proteinuria or other maternal organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation. Although non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been widely used to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy, its performance in combination with maternal risk factors to screen for PE has not been extensively validated. Our aim was to develop and validate classifiers that predict early- or late-onset PE using the maternal plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) profile and clinical risk factors.

Methods

We retrospectively collected and analyzed NIPT data of 2,727 pregnant women aged 24–45 years from four hospitals in China, which had previously been used to screen for fetal aneuploidy at 12 + 0 ~ 22 + 6 weeks of gestation. According to the diagnostic criteria for PE and the time of diagnosis (34 weeks of gestation), a total of 143 early-, 580 late-onset PE samples and 2,004 healthy controls were included. The wilcoxon rank sum test was used to identify the cfDNA profile for PE prediction. The Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables of clinical risk factors between PE samples and healthy controls, respectively. Machine learning methods were performed to develop and validate PE classifiers based on the cfDNA profile and clinical risk factors.

Results

By using NIPT data to analyze cfDNA coverages in promoter regions, we found the cfDNA profile, which was differential cfDNA coverages in gene promoter regions between PE and healthy controls, could be used to predict early- and late-onset PE. Maternal age, body mass index, parity, past medical histories and method of conception were significantly differential between PE and healthy pregnant women. With a false positive rate of 10%, the classifiers based on the combination of the cfDNA profile and clinical risk factors predicted early- and late-onset PE in four datasets with an average accuracy of 89 and 80% and an average sensitivity of 63 and 48%, respectively.

Conclusion

Incorporating cfDNA profiles in classifiers might reduce performance variations in PE models based only on clinical risk factors, potentially expanding the application of NIPT in PE screening in the future.
A Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of circulating cytokines on the risk of vitiligo
Authors: Liu Chengling , Liu Xingchen , Xin Haiming , Li Xin
Published: April 2024

Background

Accumulating evidence reveals an association between circulating cytokine levels and vitiligo. However, the causal association between circulating cytokine levels and vitiligo remains unrevealed.

Methods

We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a genome-wide association study of the 41 cytokines dataset, which was conducted with 3 Finnish cohorts (n = 8,293). Vitiligo data were acquired from strictly defined vitiligo data collected by FinnGenbiobank analysis, which included 207,613 European ancestors (131 vitiligo patients, 207,482 controls). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WME), simple model, weighted model, and MR-Egger were used to determine the changes in vitiligo pathogenic cytokine taxa, followed by sensitivity analysis, including horizontal pleiotropy analysis. The MR Steiger test evaluated the strength of a causal association, and the leave-one-out method was used to assess the reliability of the results. The possibility of reverse causality was also investigated using a reverse MR study.

Results

We observed that rising IL-4 levels generated an enhanced probability of vitiligo in IVW (OR 2.72, 95%CI 1.19–6.22, p = 0.018). According to the results of the MR analysis, there were causal links between IL-4 and vitiligo. Results were steady after sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses.

Conclusion

Our research reveals that a genetically determined increased level of circulating IL-4 may be linked to a higher risk of developing vitiligo. The development of innovative treatment approaches (such as tofacitinib or dupilumab) that focus on blocking IL-4 as a novel way of preventing and treating vitiligo is significantly impacted by our findings.
Population characteristics of pathogenic Escherichia coli in puerperal metritis of dairy cows in Ningxia region of China: a systemic taxa distribution of virulence factors and drug resistance genes
Authors: Wei Shihao , Ding Baolong , Wang Guiqin , Luo Shuangyan , Zhao Hongxi , Dan Xingang
Published: April 2024

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is closely associated with the occurrence of puerperal metritis in dairy cows. E. coli carries some the virulence and multi-drug resistant genes, which pose a serious threat to the health of postpartum cows. In this study, E. coli was isolated and identified from the uterine contents of postpartum cows with puerperal metritis in the Ningxia region of China, and its phylogenetic subgroups were determined. Meanwhile, virulence and drug resistance genes carried by E. coli and drug sensitivity were detected, and the characteristics of virulence and drug resistance genes distribution in E. coli phylogroups were further analyzed. The results showed that the isolation rate of E. coli in puerperal metritis samples was 95.2%. E. coli was mainly divided into phylogroups B2 and D, followed by groups A and B1, and was more connected to O157:H7, O169:H4, and ECC-1470 type strains. The virulence genes were mainly dominated by ompF (100%), traT (100%), fimH (97%), papC (96%), csgA (95%), Ang43 (93.9%), and ompC (93%), and the resistance genes were dominated by TEM (99%), tetA (71.7%), aac(3)II (66.7%), and cmlA (53.5%). Additionally, it was observed that the virulence and resistance gene phenotypes could be divided into two subgroups, with subgroup B2 and D having the highest distributions. Drug sensitivity tests also revealed that the E. coli was most sensitive to the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, followed by macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, peptides and sulfonamides, and least sensitive to lincosamides. These results imply that pathogenic E. coli, which induces puerperal metritis of dairy cows in the Ningxia region of China, primarily belongs to the group B2 and D, contains multiple virulence and drug resistance genes, Moreover, E. coli has evolved resistance to several drugs including penicillin, lincomycin, cotrimoxazole, and streptomycin. It will offer specific guidelines reference for the prevention and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows with E. coli infections in the Ningxia region of China.
Gasdermin B (GSDMB) in psoriatic patients–a preliminary comprehensive study on human serum, urine and skin
Authors: Nowowiejska Julia , Baran Anna , Pryczynicz Anna , Hermanowicz Justyna Magdalena , Sieklucka Beata , Pawlak Dariusz , Flisiak Iwona
Published: April 2024

Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases and a crucial issue to manage in contemporary dermatology. The search for the details of its pathogenesis, markers and treatment is continuously ongoing. Our aim was to investigate the role of gasdermin B (GSDMB) in psoriasis, the second protein from the gasdermin family, involved in cell death and proliferation. GSDMB serum and urinary concentrations have never been studied in psoriatics, neither tissue expression of GSDMB by immunohistochemistry. The study included 60 psoriatic patients and 30 volunteers without dermatoses as controls. The serum and urinary GSDMB were evaluated by ELISA. Tissue expression of GSDMB was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The serum and absolute urine concentrations of GSDMB were significantly higher in psoriatic patients than controls without skin diseases (p = 0.0137, p = 0.039 respectively). Urinary GSDMB/creatinine concentration ratio was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (p = 0.0241). The expression of GSDMB in the dermis and epidermis was significantly more prevalent in psoriatic plaque compared to the non-lesional skin and healthy skin of controls (p = 0.0012, p = 0.017, respectively). Serum GSDMB correlated positively with the age of patients (R = 0.41; p = 0.001). Our study adds to the current state of knowledge about psoriasis concerning the potential involvement of GSDMB. Possibly it could be engaged in keratinocytes migration, which requires further research. Elevated serum GSDMB and decreased urinary GSDMB/creatinine concentration ratio could potentially be investigated as psoriasis biomarkers. GSDMB could be investigated in the future as a potential therapeutic target.