bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Social Organization of Merchants’ Activities. An Interactionist Study of Urban Marketplaces
Authors: Marciniak Lukasz
Published: November 2020

The article briefly presents the empirical results of a large research project focused on Polish urban marketplaces, commonly known as bazaars, and their interactional order. Due to the spatial separation and legal regulations concerning bazaar trade, a relatively constant community of market vendors is created in the area of the particular marketplace. The primary activity of each merchant is to offer and sell goods; however, the specificity of marketplace trade results in the necessity to maintain relationships with other vendors to keep this primary activity going. Thus, the activities of merchants are carried out in the same direction for both economic results and performance (sales and profit) and social action, that is, building and managing relations with vendors operating in the same marketplace. A wide range of activities and interaction strategies is developed that create an order of interactions between vendors, both in terms of perceiving and assigning meanings, interpreting, and taking actions. The consequences of such an interactional foundation affect the economic layer of the market, embedding, on the one hand, economic phenomena in social phenomena, and, on the other hand, generating paradoxes of prices and competition—the two economic concepts that cannot be analyzed without their social contexts.
El debate sobre la reforma del arbitraje como método de solución de controversias entre Estados e inversionistas extranjeros y las alternativas de un mecanismo de apelaciones y una corte multilateral de inversiones
Authors: Urioste Ricardo de
Published: November 2020

Analiza el debate actual respecto a la necesidad de la reforma del arbitraje como el método preferido para resolver disputas entre Estados e inversionistas privados, específicamente en lo concerniente a las propuestas respecto a un mecanismo de apelaciones y una corte multilateral de inversiones. Presenta la novedad de traer a la discusión la teoría sobre regímenes internacionales a fin de subrayar la idea que el balance político subyacente se ha movido hacia unnivel sustancialmente menor de tolerancia del arbitraje ad hoc como un mecanismo eficiente de resolución de disputas inversionista-Estado. Pasa revista a los principales argumentos a favor y en contra de un mecanismo de apelaciones y concluye sugiriendo cómo es que las consideraciones precedentes resultan necesarias a fin de alcanzar una legítima definición de la posición del Perú respecto a esta cuestión en el debate internacional actual.
Nulidad de actos administrativos contrarios a las sentencias en el Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley peruana del Proceso Contencioso-Administrativo
Authors: Rebollo Puig Manuel
Published: November 2020

El artículo 48 del Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley que regula el Proceso Contencioso-Administrativo (aprobado mediante el Decreto Supremo 011-2019-JUS) establece como causa de nulidad de actos y reglamentos su contradicción con sentencias dictadas con el fin de eludir su cumplimiento. Se analizan en el trabajo todos los elementos y requisitos para que concurra esa causa de nulidad. Y se sostiene que tal causa de nulidad se puede alegar y estimar en trámite de ejecución de sentencia y en procesos autónomos.
La fiscalización administrativa en el ordenamiento peruano: de la heterogeneidad a la regulación común
Authors: Sánchez Povis Lucio Andrés
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo aborda el marco conceptual general de la fiscalización administrativa y el desarrollo heterogéneo que tuvo a nivel normativo en el ordenamiento peruano hasta el año 2016. Para abordar dicha heterogeneidad, este estudio realiza un recuento de la atención jurídica que recibió esta actividad, por un lado, bajo la Constitución de 1979, de acuerdo a la cual la fiscalización tuvo que ajustarse al modelo de Estado empresario imperante en dicho periodo; y, por el otro, a partir de la Constitución de 1993 hasta la actualidad, donde la fiscalización no solo ha debido fortalecerse y especializarse, sino que ha demandado una transformación organizacional en el Estado peruano, al punto de recogerse disposiciones comunes para el ejercicio de la misma en la Ley No 27444.
De héroe mártir a héroe victorioso: intelectuales peruanos frente al monumento de Francisco Bolognesi y la tesis de un proyecto primitivo para el monumento
Authors: Dias Scarelli Rafael
Published: November 2020

Se presentan los posicionamientos de intelectuales y artistas peruanos frente al monumento del coronel Francisco Bolognesi en dos contextos separados por casi medio siglo: la inauguración (1905) y el reemplazo de la estatua del héroe (1954). Se busca comprender cómo se desarrolló el cambio de sensibilidad de mártir a héroe victorioso respecto al coronel de Arica, lo que legitimó la sustitución de la obra escultórica. Se propone que la imagen de héroe-mártir plasmada en la primera escultura ya era indeseada en la mitad del siglo pasado, frente a la definición de las provincias “cautivas” de Tacna y Arica, el suceso militar peruano en la campaña contra Ecuador (1941) y la promoción de Bolognesi a patrono del Ejército. Además, se refuta la difundida tesis de que hubo un “proyecto primitivo” para el monumento del escultor catalán Agustín Querol, que no se concretizó por intervención de la comisión organizadora del concurso. Se busca interpretar su surgimiento y difusión a luz del contexto de los años 50, cuando se intentaba descalificar la escultura hecha por Querol.
La actualidad de Santo Tomás de Aquino. Los aportes de Tomás de Aquino a la epistemología moderna: el conceptualismo
Authors: D’Onofrio Sandro R.
Published: November 2020

Santo Tomas de Aquino no puede ser considerado como un simple pensador anclado en la Edad Media, cuya filosofía premoderna no conlleva a repercusiones en el pensamiento filosófico actual. Todo lo contrario, un análisis de su postura conceptualista realista representativa nos revela que su doctrina aún puede y debe fortalecer nuestras disquisiciones epistemológicas presentes
GÜLŞEN-İ ŞU’ARÂ’DA İSTİTRÂDLI ANLATIMA DAİR BAZI DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: KARGA GÖLLÜ Bilge
Published: November 2020

XVI. yüzyılın şair ve tezkirecilerinden Ahdî’nin (ö.1002/1593-1594) Gülşen-i Şu’arâ’sı birçok şairi ve eseri Türk edebiyatına tanıtmıştır. Ahdî, tezkiresinde istitrâd (ara söz) üslûbuna da yer vermiştir. Bu sebeple, Gülşen-i Şu’arâ XVI-XVII. yüzyıl tezkirelerindeki istitrâd/anekdot vb. araştırmalara dâhil edilmiştir. Ancak incelemelerimiz sırasında, daha önce işaret edilen istitrâdlı anlatımlardan daha fazlasının eserde olduğu fark edilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Ahdî’nin tezkiresindeki istitrâdlar Övgüde İstitrâdlı Anlatım, Yergide İstitrâdlı Anlatım, Bilgi Vermede İstitrâdlı Anlatım başlıklarında değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ahdî’nin istitrâda geçiş kelimeleri ile bu üslubu kullanma nedenleri de ele alınarak, daha önceki araştırmalara katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Gülşen-i Şu’arâ’daki istitrâdlar, daha önce üzerinde müstakil olarak durulan Sehî Bey, Latîfî ve Gelibolulu Âlî’nin tezkireleriyle de kıyaslanmıştır.
SEYAHATNAME’YE GÖRE 17. YÜZYIL OSMANLI COĞRAFYASINDA TÜTÜN ÜRETİMİ, ALIM SATIMI VE KULLANIMI
Authors: YILDIRIM Ali
Published: November 2020

Seyahatnâmeler, yazıldığı dönem toplumlarının hayatını, gelenek ve göreneklerini, giyim ve kuşamlarını, yeme ve içme kültürlerini, inanç sistemlerini, siyasi ve sosyal yönlerini kayıt altına alan önemli belgelerdir. Dolayısıyla geleceğe yön verirken geçmişin gerçeklerini bilmenin önemli katkılar sağladığı bilimsel gereklerdendir. Bu itibarla yazılmış pek çok seyahatnâmenin varlığı bilinmektedir. Türk kültür tarihinin en önemli seyahatnâmelerinden birisi de on yedinci yüzyılda Evliya Çelebi tarafından on cilt olarak yazılandır. Bütün Osmanlı coğrafyası ile İran, Kafkasya, Kırım’ın yanı sıra Baltık Denizine kadar hemen bütün Avrupa’yı içine alan çok geniş bir alanı gezerek, intibalarını kayıt altına almıştır.Evliya Çelebi, gezip gördüğü coğrafyadaki toplumların soyut-somut pek çok kültürel ögesini tespit etmiştir. Bunlardan birisi de Osmanlı coğrafyasında ilk kullanım izlerini on altıncı yüzyılda gözlemlediğimiz tütündür. Tütünün ilk olarak Kristof Kolomb tarafından Amerikan yerlilerinden öğrenilerek Avrupa’ya getirildiği, oradan da Osmanlı coğrafyasına geçtiği kabul edilmektedir. Gerçi Çelebi, Ayasofya’daki bir kalıntıdan Hz. Peygamber’den önceye giden bir tarihinin varlığından bahsetse de bu bir hakikati ifade etmemektedir. Çelebi, Osmanlı coğrafyasının değişik yerlerindeki üretimi, alım satımı, kullanımı, yasaklanması gibi konularla ilgili olarak Seyahatnâme’nin hemen her cildinde onlarca anektod anlatmakta ve bilgi vermektedir.
The Effect of E-Performance Appraisal System and Additional Income of Civil Servant on Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable in the Regional Secretarial of Mojokerto City
Authors: Windasari Widya
Published: November 2020

Since 2019 the Government of Mojokerto City has made efforts to convert the performance appraisal system  manually  into  an  online  system.  This  effort  was  made  to  realize  effective  and  efficient governance  based  on  technology.  E-Performance  is  a  website-based  application  used  by  the Government  of  Mojokerto  City  to  manage  and  assess  employee  performance.  E-Performance  is  a staffing  system  that  can  determine  oversight  to  the  activities  of  civil  servants,  who  can  then  directly determine the amount of the additional income of civil servant. The purpose of this study is to analyze and  prove  the  effect  of  e-performance  appraisal  system  and  additional  income  of  civil  servant  on performance  in  the  Regional  Secretariat  of  Mojokerto  City  with  job  satisfaction  as  an  intervening variable.  This  research  uses  a  quantitative  approach  combined  with  an  explanatory  method.  The results  of  this  study  conclude  several  things,  including:  1.)  E-Performance  appraisal  system  has significant positive effect on performance; 2.) Additional income of civil servant has significant positive effect  on  performance;  3.)  E-Performance  appraisal  system  has  significant  positive  effect  on  job satisfaction; 4.) Additional income of civil servant has significant positive effect on job satisfaction; 5.) Job  satisfaction  has  significant  positive  effect  on  performance;  6.)  E-Performance  appraisal  system and  additional  income  of  civil  servant  have  significant  positive  effect  on  performance  through  job satisfaction.
REVITALISASI METODE BUDIDAYA LELE MENJADI BIOGREEN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI LELE DAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DI DUSUN SOSO KECAMATAN PACET KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Kusnanto Kusnanto , Nursalam Nursalam , Wahyuni Erna Dwi , Zulkarnain Hakim
Published: November 2020

Pendahuluan: Desa Soso Dusun Cepokolimo Kecamatan Pacet merupakan daerah binaan dari salah satu Tim Fakultas Keperawatan UNAIR yang telah berlangsung selama 1 tahun. Masyarakat dusun Soso sangat religius sebab di dukung oleh adanya pondok pesantren Nurul Hikmah. Seluruh lapisan masyarakat menjalankan aktivitas keagamaannya di pondok tersebut. Warga dusun Soso awalnya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani baik sawah dan kebun. Sejak tahun 2005 dimana terjadi pembelian tanah besar-besaran milik warga dusun soso dan beralih fungsi menjadi vila. Hal ini mengakibatkan sebagian warga dusun Soso kehilangan mata pencahariaannya.Tim Fakultas Keperawatan memberikan binaan kepada masyarakat mitra untuk revitalisasi budidaya lele dengan metode biogreen sebagai upaya meningkatakan produksi lele dan kesehatan lingkungan serta sebagai alternatif pekerjaan masyarakat. Dimana lingkungan dusun Soso sangat mendukung. Selama satu tahun berjalan ada kendala yang di alami warga yaitu yang pertama kesulitan warga memenuhi pesanan lele pada kelurahan sekitar dusun Soso dan kurangnya kemampuan untuk melebarkan pasar penjualan, serta kurang maksimalnya perkembangan lele akibat suhu relative rendah.Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengmas adalah ceramah, diskusi, simulasi/ demonstrasi oleh fasilitator serta redemonstrasi oleh peserta/audience. Masyaakat mitra diberikan materi melalui ceramah dan diskusi dilanjutkan dengan simulasi/ demonstrasi terkait cara pembuatan media biogreen secara sederhana. Selanjutnya kelompok mitra diberikan perlengkapan untuk pembuatan media biogreen secara mandiri.Hasil: Pembelajaran dengan ceramah dan diskusi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mitra dalam melakukan revitalisasi budidaya lele dengan metode biogreen. Sedangkan simulasi dan demontrasi dapat memudahkan mitra memahami metode pembuatan biogreen sebagai media budidaya lele yang dapt meningkatkan produksi lele dan meminimalkan pencemaran lingkungan terutama bau dari kolam lele. Hasil kegiatan masyarakat dapat membuat 6 bak penampungan lele metode biogreen dan masing-masing bak berisi 500-600 bibit lele. Setelah 2.5 bulan lele sudah dapat dipanen dan dijual pada konsumen yang ada dipasar dan penjual makanan penyetan yang ada diwilayah Pacet Mojokerto.Kesimpulan: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat menghasilkan perubahan yang sesuai dengan target luaran yang telah ditetapkan yaitu meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat mitra dalam revitalisasi budidaya lele melalui metode biogreen, meningkatkan produksi lele, meningkatkan pendapatan warga mitra dari hasil penjualan lele dan tetap dapat mempertahankan lingungan wilayah Soso yang nyaman bebas dari polusi bau kolam lele.
KÜÇÜK VE ORTA ÖLÇEKTEKİ İŞLETMELERİN SORUNLARI ÜZERİNE ANKARA 1. ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÇETİN Ali Cüneyt , ÇELTİKÇİ Songül
Published: November 2020

Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeler (KOBİ), ekonomik ve bölgesel kalkınmanın dengeli bir şekilde sürdürülmesinde büyük rol oynamaktadır. Ancak, birçok ülkede olduğu gibi, KOBİ'lerin ülkemizde de birçok sorunu vardır. Bu sorunları azaltmak için, KOBİ'ler birçok kuruluş tarafından desteklenmektedir. KOBİ'ler desteklense de hedeflerine istendiği gibi ulaşamamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada Ankara 1. Organize Sanayi Bölgesi'nde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ'lerin sorunlarını tespit etmek ve çözüm üretmek amacıyla bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda KOBİ'lerin karşılaştığı sorunların sırasıyla üretim maliyetleri, finans, ihracat, teknoloji, Ar-Ge, üretim, pazarlama, organizasyon ve yönetim alanında olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sorunların çözümü için öneriler getirilmiş ve özellikle maliyetleri düşürecek bir uygulama olarak takas faaliyetlerine katılmanın önemi, toplam kalite yönetimi ve ISO9000 kalite standardının uygulanması ve bilgisayar destekli üretimin teşvik edilmesi üzerinde durulmuştur.
TURKEY-EU RELATIONS IN CONTEXT OF SYRIAN CRISIS: READMISSION AGREEMENT AND VISA LIBERALIZATION
Authors: KARAKOÇ DORA Zuhal
Published: November 2020

Internal disorder in Syria, started in 2011, led to mass population movements. Turkey, soon, became both a host and a transit country for migrants. 2015, when transitions to Europe heavily intensified, was the year of revival in terms of Turkey-EU relations. With Readmission Agreement, signed on March 18, 2016, both sides became solution partners of the migration crisis. But by virtue of the increasing number of the Syrians and the prolonging war, conditions and the perspectives started to change in years and aroused divergence both within Europe and Turkey. Despite Turkey committed its obligations in full, EU still unrealized its commitment of visa liberalization and there happened many problems in allocating promised financial support in time and properly. Combined with these; handling a humanitarian issue in a financial and political approach, has led to a shift in cooperation paradigm which had normally been supposed to be permanent and burden-sharing centered.
A Critical Analysis of the Political Discourse of Exceptionalism in the American Sniper Movie
Authors: Akvani Hamdallah , Zarifi Abdolvahed , Fakhraei Hossein
Published: November 2020

Political discourse usually tends to diffuse itself in other discursive fields. One of the areas through which the political field can be reproduced is the field of popular culture, especially films. Moreover, language serves as the intermediate variable in which political discourses in the media offer themselves more or less ideologically. In this paper, the language of the film American Sniper and its relation to the exceptionalism discourse in the politics of the United States is reviewed. It addresses the major question of how the discourse of American Sniper is related to the three layers of exceptionalism discourse. The analysis of the three discursive levels of description, interpretation and explanation of the film based on Fairclough’s model reveals that, by following Hollywood’s dominant framework of discourse towards Islam and the Middle East, i.e., the ‘Islamophobia’ discourse, the film depicts Islam as ‘Other’. The discourse of the film ultimately resides in a wider social action that is congruous with the concept of the political language of exceptionalism.
Što donosi moderna monetarna teorija?
Authors: Grdešić Marko
Published: November 2020

Ovaj rad daje kritički pregled Moderne monetarne teorije (MMT). Riječ je o pristupu ekonomskoj politici koji naglasak stavlja na autonomnu ulogu države, na njen monopolni položaj u sferi izdavanja novca te na mogućnost države da osigura punu zaposlenost kroz program zajamčenog zaposlenja. Rad iznosi glavne teorijske i policy elemente MMT-a, a zatim prikazuje glavne kritike koje se upućuju MMT-u iz liberalne, kejnzijanske i marksističke perspektive. Osim toga, ovaj rad raspravlja i mogućnost da periferne zemlje, poput Hrvatske, primijene ekonomske alate koje preporuča MMT. S obzirom na to da je MMT prešao s terena relativno marginalnih akademskih debata na teren šire političke javnosti, može se očekivati da će utjecati na ekonomsku agendu u narednim godinama.
Meaningful Clinical Applications of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopaedics
Authors: Makhni Eric C.
Published: November 2020

➤ Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) comprise valuable data, when combined with traditional clinical information, for patient-centered health outcome assessment.

➤ While PROMs form the foundation of orthopaedic clinical research, they are invaluable tools for clinical care.

➤ PROMs play a critical role in shared decision-making with patients, as they are quantitative measures of patient health (function, pain, and satisfaction).

➤ PROMs should be incorporated into routine postoperative care for effective clinical monitoring and understanding of the response to surgery.

➤ PROMs can be additionally utilized for meaningful clinical research, predictive analytics, and value-based care delivery pathways.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in nasal mid-turbinate swabs
Authors: Dioni Laura , Albetti Benedetta , Rota Federica , Bollati Valentina
Published: November 2020

In this protocol, we describe a method to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasal swabs, using a commercially available high-throughput Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay (TaqPath™ Covid-19 kit, ThermoFisher Scientific) in a 384-Well Plate. After Viral RNA extraction with QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit, reverse transcription and cDNA amplification, all samples are assessed for the presence of three specific SARS-CoV-2 viral genomic regions and an internal positive control (IPC), in one Multiplex RT-PCR reaction.
Comparative Evolution and Transcription Activity of Transposable Elements in Indica and Japonica Rice
Authors: Wu Zhiguo , Wu Yanhua , Wang Xi , Zheng Yongqiang , Zou Jie , Guan Yongzhuo , Li Yang , Yang Yan , Huang Gai
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTransposable elements (TEs) are able to diversify plant gene expression and function, sequentially promote plant variety and evolution. However, there is lack of efficient approach to investigate the evolution behavior and transcription activity of TEs in plants. Here we developed a pipeline Matrix-TE to comprehensively evaluate the super-families, differentiation and transcription activity of LTR/TEs in Indica and Japonica rice, the two considerable important and closely related monocots.ResultsSix LTR/TE super-families were identified by Matrix-TE in both Indica and Japonica rice genomes, in which the OS-type1 and OS-type2 super-families were unclassified. Indica rice specific TE peak P-Gypsy and Japonica rice specific TE peak P-Copia were observed separately. Then the two peaks were analyzed by Gaussian Probability Density Function (GPDF) fit. Significant TE transcription activities were observed in Indica and Japonica rice plants after stress treatments. Particularly, hot, cold and salt stresses induced the high expression level of LTR/TEs in rice plants.ConclusionsWe developed the approach Matrix-TE on the basis of BLASTN and GPDF algorithms, and applied it to comprehensively and quantitatively investigate LTR/TE types and contents in the close subspecies Indica and Japonica rice genomes. The individual TE burst events P-Copia and P-Gypsy were observed in Japonica and Indica rice, separately. RNA-seq and RT-PCR methods indicated that LTR/TE transcripts were induced by hot, cold and high salt stress conditions. The optimized Matrix-TE approach and procedures probably could be used in other plant species with big genomes like wheat and maize.
Attitude of Primiparous Mothers Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding: Application of Indirect Measurement
Authors: Tajedini Fatemeh , GHaffari mohtasham , dorosteh Ameneh pooresmaeil , Rakhshanderou Sakineh
Published: November 2020

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is a very important principle in ensuring the health of infants. Its benefits for the infant, mother, family, and community are emphasized by all experts. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of mothers toward exclusive breastfeeding and its related factors.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study performed on 420 women referred to comprehensive health services centers in Tehran. The samples were selected through multistage sampling. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of two sections: behavioral beliefs and evaluation of behavioral outcomes and were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA using SPSS 16.Results: There was a significant relationship between attitude, behavioral beliefs, and evaluation of behavioral outcomes in mothers with their age, job, place of delivery and hospitalization of infants. There was also a significant relationship between mothers’ attitudes and behavioral beliefs with their husband’s education and the status of infants (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship between attitude, behavioral beliefs, and evaluation of behavioral outcomes with other variables (P > 0.05). Findings showed that most mothers' beliefs about the outcomes of exclusive nutrition (increased emotional bond between the mother and the infant, growth and strength of infant's bones and teeth, and infant's immunity to diseases such as diarrhea) were significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: When designing interventions, efforts should be made to create and maintain a positive attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding through the promotion of behavioral beliefs and evaluation of behavioral outcomes.
International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) Grade Grouping in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Its Prognostic Implications
Authors: Hashmi Atif Ali , Haider Rimsha , Munawer Shahzeb , Haider Raviha , Ali Javaria , Irfan Muhammad , Hashmi Shumaila Kanwal , Khan Amir , Edhi Muhammad M.
Published: November 2020

Objectives: International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) grade grouping of prostatic adenocarcinoma was introduced to simplify gleason score-related categories of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prognostic reproducibility of ISUP/WHO grade grouping was not well studied in our population, therefore in this study, our aim was to evaluate the association of ISUP/WHO grade groups with various pathological prognostic parameters.Results: This retrospective cross-sectional study was done in Liaquat National Hospital, Department of Histopathology from February 2011 to January 2018, over a period of seven years. A total of 172 patients were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 66.97±10.51 years. In this study we noted, 27 (15.7%) cases of grade group 1, 22 (12.8%) of grade group 2, 30 (17.4%) of grade group 3, 40 (23.3%) of grade group 4 and 53 (30.8%) of grade group 5. A significant association of tumor grade with perineural invasion (p=0.005) and tumor volume (tumor quantification was noted. In this study, we found a high frequency of grade group 4 and 5 in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, a significant association of grade groups was noted with perineural invasion and tumor volume, signifying prognostic significance of grade grouping in prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Gender Difference in Predisposing Factors of Overdose
Authors: Tan Sheng-Teck , Lo Chih-Hung , Liao Chen-Hao , Su Yu-Jang
Published: November 2020

Background Drug overdose is a one of common situations in emergency department (ED). We investigate gender difference and predisposing factors of overdose in emergency department (ED).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed overdose reports from January 2018 to August 2019. We selected study cases by the ICD-10 coding system which include T36 to T50. A total of 299 overdose reports were collected during this period. Data were collected including Glasgow coma scale and vital signs on arrival (including body temperature, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, gender, age, marital status, arrival time, season on admission, previous suicide attempts, psychiatric history, related comorbidities, recent argues, categories of overdose with or without concurrent ethanol use, length of hospital stay and survival to discharge were analyzed. ResultsThe 196 enrolled patients ranged in age from 14 to 92 years (mean ± standard deviation (S.D.): 39.2 ± 18.3). Of them, male intentional overdose patients were 8.1 years older than female ones (45.3 ± 19.5 vs. 37.2 ± 17.5, respectively; p<0.05) Most intentional overdose cases occurred during the Spring season (n=63, 32.1%), especially in male patients (n=28, 57.1%; p<0.001). About 11.2% (22/196) and 2% (4/196) of total patients hospitalized to ward and intensive care units, respectively. Length of hospital stay is 2 ± 4.1 days.ConclusionThe most top three kinds of substance overdose are benzodiazepine (42.9%), mixed medications (32.1%) and acetaminophen (6.1%). Physicians should notify the centers of suicide prevention to pay concern about who are middle-aged male, facing conflicts, especially in the spring.
Psychological and Social Impact of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Need for Gender Responsive Policies
Authors: RABBANI FAUZIAH , Khan Hyder Ali , Piryani Suneel , Khan Areeba Raza , Abid Fahad
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUNDCOVID-19 has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people throughout the world. Women may be especially vulnerable to depression and anxiety due to the pandemic, AIMSThis study attempted to assess how gender impacts risk perceptions, anxiety levels behavioral responses to the COVID 19 pandemic in Pakistan in order to recommend gender responsive health policies METHODSA cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and questions on their risk perceptions, preventive behavior and information exposure. Regression analysis was used to assess effects of factors such as age, gender and household income on anxiety levels.RESULTSOf the 1390 respondents, 478 were women, and 913 were men. Women considered their chances of survival to be relatively lower than men ( 59 % women vs 73% men). They were also more anxious (62% women vs 50% men), and more likely to adopt precautionary behavior, such as avoiding going to the hospital (78% women vs. 71% men), not going to work (72% women and 57% men), and using disinfectants (93% women and 86% men). Men were more likely to trust friends, family and social media as reliable sources of COVID-19 information, while women were more likely to trust doctors.CONCLUSIONWomen experience a disproportion burden of the psychological and social impact of the pandemic compared to men. Involving doctors in healthcare communication targeting women, might prove effective. Social media and radio programs may be effective in disseminating information related to COVID among men.
Clinical Results of A Novel Arthroscopic Microfracture Technique For Chondral Lesions of The Lunate
Authors: Ozcelik Bulent , Yildirim Tugrul
Published: November 2020

PurposeChondral lesions of the lunate are one of the causes of ulnar-sided pain, but there has been little interest to date in treating them. In this paper, we describe a modification of the subchondral drilling technique in which an 18-gauge (G) needle was used as a sleeve to guide a K-wire to the lunate chondral defect.MethodsEleven patients (nine women, two men) who had undergone a simultaneous arthroscopic wafer procedure and lunate microfracture between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. After completion of the arthroscopic wafer procedure, an 18G needle was placed into the joint via the 6R portal and the needle tip was inserted into the subchondral bone. A 0.8-mm K-wire was then advanced through the needle and the lunate was drilled to a 2–3-mm depth. It is possible to safely drill remaining areas by only changing the direction of the needle. ResultsEight patients met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative wrist range of motion (p>0.05). Grip strength was significantly improved postoperatively (p<0.05). According to the Mayo wrist scoring system, six and one patients had excellent and good results, respectively.ConclusionArthroscopic lunate microfracture is an effective treatment for chondral defects of the lunate in the setting of ulnar impaction syndrome, and using a needle as a sleeve can ease manipulation and increase accuracy. Level of Evidence: IV
Shear sensor mechano-signaling determines tendon stiffness and human jumping performance
Authors: Passini Fabian S. , Jaeger Patrick K. , Saab Aiman S. , Hanlon Shawn , Arlt Matthias , Ferrari Kim David , Chittim Nicole , Haenni Dominik , Caprara Sebastiano , Bollhalder Maja , Horvath Aron , Goetschi Tobias , Ma Shang , Passini-Tall Bettina , Fucentese Sandro , Blache Ulrich , Silvan Unai , Weber Bruno , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Snedeker Jess G.
Published: November 2020

Tendons enable movement by transferring muscle forces to the skeleton, and athletic performances critically rely on mechanically-optimized tendons. How load-bearing structures of tendon sense and adapt to physical demands is an open question of central importance to musculoskeletal medicine and human sports performance. Here, with calcium imaging in tendon explants and primary tendon cells we characterized how tenocytes detect mechanical forces and determined collagen fiber-sliding-induced shear stress as a key stimulus. CRISPR/Cas9 screening in human and rat tenocytes identified PIEZO1 as the crucial shear sensor. In rodents, elevated mechano-signaling increased tendon stiffness and strength both in vitro by pharmacological channel activation and in vivo by a Piezo1 gain-of-function mutation. Strikingly, humans carrying the PIEZO1 gain-of-function E756del mutation revealed a 16% average increase in normalized jumping height, with more effective storage of potential energy released during dynamic jumping maneuvers. We propose that PIEZO1-mediated mechano-signaling regulates tendon stiffness and impacts human athletic performance.
COVID-19-like symptoms and their relation to SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in children and adults of an Italian birth cohort
Authors: Popovic Maja , Moccia Chiara , Isaevska Elena , Moirano Giovenale , Pizzi Costanza , Zugna Daniela , Rusconi Franca , Merletti Franco , Maule Milena , Richiardi Lorenzo
Published: November 2020

Background A number of cases positive for SARS-CoV-2 escape surveillance systems, especially in the first epidemic waves and/or when the number of cases becomes too large to allow complete diagnostic coverage. Methods During the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave hitting Italy in the spring 2020, mothers participating in an Italian NINFEA birth cohort were invited to complete an online questionnaire on COVID-19-like symptoms in the household. We estimated the population prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in children and adults, assessed their geographical correlation with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases by province, analysed their clustering within families, and estimated their sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for COVID-19 diagnosis in individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2.Results Information was collected on 3184 households, 6133 adults, and 5751 children. In the period March-April 2020, 55.4% of the NINFEA families had at least one member with at least one COVID-19-like symptom. There was a strong geographical correlation between the population cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and the prevalence of muscle pain, fatigue, low-grade fever, and breathing difficulties in adults (Spearman’s rho ≥0.70). Having at least one family member with a COVID-19 diagnosis, compared with none tested for SARS-CoV-2, was associated with an increased prevalence ratio (PR) of almost all COVID-19-like symptoms in adults, and only of low-grade fever (37-37.5°C; PR 5.27; 95% confidence intervals: 2.37 to 11.74) and anosmia/dysgeusia in children. Among adults with COVID-19 diagnosis, fatigue, muscle pain, and fever had a sensitivity ≥70%. In individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, with a 16.6% prevalence of COVID-19, breathing difficulties and nausea/vomiting had the highest PPVs, with point estimates close to 60%, and with NPVs close to 90%.Conclusions The geographical prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms in adults may inform on local disease clusters, while certain symptoms in family members of confirmed COVID-19 cases could help identify the intra-familial spread of the virus and its further propagation in the community. Low-grade fever is frequent in children with at least one household member with COVID-19 and possibly indicates child infection.
Prognostic factors of time to first abortion after sexual debut among fragile State Congolese women: a survival analysis
Authors: Ekholuenetale Michael , Ekholuenetale Charity Ehimwenma , Barrow Amadou
Published: November 2020

Background: Despite the common restrictive abortion laws, abortion remains widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Women still utilize abortion services and put their lives and health at risk because abortion can only be procured illegally in private facilities such as mid-level or small patent medicine store that may be manned by unskilled providers or through a non-medicated approach. The objective of this study was to determine median years and factors of time to first abortion after sexual debut among Congolese women.Methods: We used data from the most recent Republic of Congo Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). A total sample of 3,622 women aged 15-49 years was analyzed. We estimated the overall prevalence of abortion and median years to first abortion. Furthermore, we examined the factors of time to first abortion after sexual debut using multivariable Cox regression and reported the estimates using adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of abortion was 60.0% and median years of time to first abortion after sexual debut was 9.0. The prominent reasons for abortion were due to too short birth interval (23.8%), lack of money (21.0%) and that husband/partner did not need a child at that time (14.0%). Women’s age and region were notable factors in timing to first abortion. Furthermore, women from poorer, middle, richer and richest households had 34%, 67%, 86% and 94% higher risk of abortion respectively, when compared with women from poorest households (aHR estimates). Women currently in union/living with a man and formerly in union had 41% and 29% reduction in the risk of abortion respectively, when compared with those never in union (aHR estimates). In addition, women with primary and secondary+ education had 42% and 76% higher risk of abortion respectively, when compared with women with no formal education (aHR estimates).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of abortion with short years at first abortion. Abortion was associated with women’s characteristics. There is need for unwanted pregnancy prevention intervention and the improvement in pregnancy care to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among women.
Effective Parameters on Cladded Plate Delamination During Pressure Vessels Head Manufacturing by FEM and DOE
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud , Arezodar Alireza Fallahi , Sattarifar Iraj
Published: November 2020

Roll-bond cladded plates Have found extensive industrial applications. Stainless steels, Ni, Cu, and Ti have been usually employed as clad. In multi-piece head manufacturing, delamination may occur during pressing these plates into petals. In this paper, the effective parameters on delamination were investigated. SA 516 GR 70 and SS 316L were respectively selected as the base plate and clad due to their higher applications. First, the strain energy release rate (SERR) was assessed as the main criterion for the definition of delamination and the explanatory parameter using the finite element technique and virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) method. The interface was modeled as a cohesive zone with the tied mesh technique and validated by the experimental results. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed as a design of experiment method to evaluate the effect of input parameters on the outputs (SERR). The results indicated the greater influence of the head radius on G followed by the thickness of the plate, pressing force, the number of pressing steps, shear strength, and friction coefficient. By enhancing the radius of the head and shear strength, SERR was decreased. The impact of the head radius was much greater than that of shear strength. Finally, some strategies have been proposed to prevent delamination.
The fluids as starting infusion therapy in the early postoperative period in children: solution with succinate or malate. A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Sulaimanova Zhanara D. , Lazarev V. V. , Tsypin L. E. , Bryusov G. P. , Samokhina N. V. , Bystrova A. A.
Published: November 2020

The problem of choosing an infusion solution, especially in starting therapy, for various critical conditions, remains debatable, especially in children with specifics of water-electrolyte metabolism, which determines their tendency to imbalance of water and electrolytes.
Objectives. Comparative evaluation of the succinate-containing solution and the malate-containing solution as a starting infusion therapy in the early postoperative period in children.
Materials and methods. A randomized prospective study in 40 patients with an ASA II–III score who underwent an operation. In the first group “R” 20 children receive succinate-containing solution and in the second group “S” 20 children receive malate-containing solution. At the study stages inter- and intra- group differences were estimated by the dynamics of the water-electrolyte and acid-base conditions, phase angle values — the calculated integral indicator of the state of the membranes of cell structures, and basal metabolism.
Results. No significant differences between groups at all stages of the study were obtained. However, in group “S” there was a dynamic, statistically significant by 180 minutes after the start of fluid administration, a decrease in the phase angle by 4.1 %, despite the fact that in group “R” the deviations were not significant.
Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences between the solutions used as starting infusion therapy drugs in the early postoperative period in the indicated modes, and they can be used equally well. However, the noted statistically significant changes in the phase angle in the group with malate-containing solution indicated a tendency to it is negative effect on the state of cell structures, which, apparently, should be taken into account with more significant volumes and duration of fluid administration.
Comment on the article of A.Yu. Lubnin et al. “Acute brain edema after two-sided uncomplicated cranioplasty. Case report and literature review”
Authors: Belkin Andrey A.
Published: November 2020

Comment on the article of A.Yu. Lubnin et al. “Acute brain edema after two-sided uncomplicated cranioplasty. Case report and literature review”
Pyroptosis as Inflammatory Cell Death
Authors: Vartanyan Amaliya Artashevna , Kosorukov V.S.
Published: November 2020

Pyroptosis, caspase-1-dependent inflammatory cell death, is induced by intracellular pathogens or tissue lesions. Pro-caspase-1 activation, which is essential for the processing of proinflammatory cytokines pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, occurs in macromolecular protein complexes, also referred to as inflammasomes. In the gram-negative bacilli-induced infections inflammasome assembly incorporates caspase-4 and caspase-5. Originally identified as a protective mechanism of innate immunity, at present pyroptosis is not limited to the inhibition of intracellular pathogen multiplication. The current review discusses molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis-like cell death and possible pyroptosis involvement in tumor cell death.
Development and Validation Results of the Russian MPN10 Form for Symptom Assessment in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Compliance with International Recommendations
Authors: Ionova T.I. , Vinogradova O.Yu. , Efremova E.V. , Kersilova A.E. , Nikitina Tatiana Pavlovna , Pankrashkina M.M. , Pofirieva N.M. , Poshivai A.-P.A. , Fominykh M.S. , Shikhbabaeva D.I. , Shuvaev V.A.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To develop a Russian version of MPN10 form for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) compliant with international recommendations. Materials & Methods. The study included 57 patients treated in 2019 at the Hematology Center of Botkin Hospital (n = 30) and the Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology (n = 27). Among them there were 36 myelofibrosis, 9 polycythemia vera, and 12 essential thrombocythemia patients. Mean age of the patients was 54.6 years (standard deviation 15.9 years; age range 20-79 years). The male/female ratio was 23/34 (40.4 %/59.6 %). Underlying disease duration was from 1 month to 33 years (mean duration 7 years; standard deviation 8.6 years). Results. A stable structure and a high internal consistency of the form as well as its reproducibility as a tool were demonstrated. The study also confirmed its convergent and discriminant validity and satisfactory sensitivity to changes in a patient's status. Conclusion. The Russian MPN10 version can be used for symptom assessment in MPN patients in clinical practice and scientific research.
Indirect searches for dark matter bound state formation and level transitions
Authors: Baldes Iason , Calore Francesca , Petraki Kalliopi , Poireau Vincent , Rodd Nicholas L.
Published: November 2020

Indirect searches for dark matter (DM) have conventionally been applied to the products of DM annihilation or decay. If DM couples to light force carriers, however, it can be captured into bound states via dissipation of energy that may yield detectable signals. We extend the indirect searches to DM bound state formation and transitions between bound levels, and constrain the emission of unstable dark photons. Our results significantly refine the predicted signal flux that could be observed in experiments. As a concrete example, we use Fermi-LAT dwarf spheroidal observations to obtain constraints in terms of the dark photon mass and energy which we use to search for the formation of stable or unstable bound states.
La representación de atrocidades y las dimensiones liminales del derecho a la verdad en la justicia transicional colombiana
Authors: Morón Campos Miguel Antonio , Arroyo Valeta Melisa Andrea
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las implicaciones metodológicas para el registro de crímenes atroces en tanto materialización del derecho a la verdad en contextos de transición a la paz. Desde la experiencia colombiana, se identificarán sus dimensiones liminales en el Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justica, Reparación y No repetición. La tensión entre los hechos, el relato y los escenarios judiciales/extrajudiciales donde se gestionan, implica tomar distancia a quien se atreve a registrar atrocidades, ubicarse en un espacio de pensamiento que le permita preguntarse “cómo sucedieron estas cosas”. De esta manera se describirán los dilemas que el campo produce en torno al esclarecimiento de los hechos y el conocimiento de la verdad bajo el imperativo de acceder a herramientas que permitan entender, registrar y dar a conocer las narrativas con las que se ha hecho la guerra en Colombia.
Naphthoquinones and Derivatives for Chemotherapy: Perspectives and Limitations of their Anti-trypanosomatids Activities
Authors: Dantas-Pereira Luíza , Cunha-Junior Edézio F. , Andrade-Neto Valter V. , Bower John F. , Jardim Guilherme A.M. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Torres-Santos Eduardo C. , Menna-Barreto Rubem F.S.
Published: November 2020

Chagas disease, Sleeping sickness and Leishmaniasis, caused by trypanosomatids Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp., respectively, are considered neglected tropical diseases, and they especially affect impoverished populations in the developing world. The available chemotherapies are very limited, and a search for alternatives is still necessary. In folk medicine, natural naphthoquinones have been employed for the treatment of a great variety of illnesses, including parasitic infections. This review is focused on the anti-trypanosomatid activity and mechanistic analysis of naphthoquinones and derivatives. Among all the series of derivatives tested in vitro, naphthoquinone-derived 1,2,3-triazoles were very active on T. cruzi infective forms in blood bank conditions, as well as in amastigotes of Leishmania spp. naphthoquinones containing a CF3 on a phenyl amine ring inhibited T. brucei proliferation in the nanomolar range, and naphthopterocarpanquinones stood out for their activity on a range of Leishmania species. Some of these compounds showed a promising selectivity index (SI) (30 to 1900), supporting further analysis in animal models. Indeed, high toxicity to the host and inactivation by blood components are crucial obstacles to be overcome to use naphthoquinones and/or their derivatives for chemotherapy. Multidisciplinary initiatives embracing medicinal chemistry, bioinformatics, biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology need to be encouraged to allow the optimization of these compounds. Large scale automated tests are pivotal for the efficiency of the screening step, and subsequent evaluation of both the mechanism of action in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo is essential for the development of a novel, specific and safe derivative, minimizing adverse effects.