bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructive Solution to Contain Maritime Flood With Minimum Environmental Impact at Ponta Da Praia, In Santos
Authors: Maria Honorio Job Celina , Harari Joseph
Published: October 2023

Significant rises in sea level have caused major disturbances in Santos, on the coast of the State of São Paulo. Initially, this project carried out a survey of storm surges that occurred in Santos, from 1945 to 2013, including the determination of the levels reached. In an initial phase, characteristics of floods were analysed, considering their frequency and intensity. As a solution to the problem of flooding, the purpose of this work was to analyse the feasibility of building a flood containment system, with panels placed in ditches on the line not influenced by geomorphological changes in beach sediments, close to the boardwalk. This panels would be elevated with the activation of pneumatic pistons, in the event of large rises in sea level, having a reduced environmental impact. Numerical simulations were carried out for the years 2016 and 2017, to determine the hydrodynamic behaviour of the coastal region, and thus analyse the major forces acting the containment system. In addition, an outline of the environmental impact analysis for the implementation of the suggested containment system is presented.
Improving Net Energy Metering (NEM) Actual Load Prediction Accuracy using an Adaptive Learning Rate LSTM Model for Residential Use Case
Authors: Kunalan Darushini , Sankar Krishnan Prajindra , Ramasamy Agileswari K. , Permal Navinesshani
Published: October 2023

As an effort to promote renewable energy-based power generation, one of Malaysia’s initiatives is the net-energy metering (NEM) scheme. One of the shortcomings of residential Photovoltaic (PV) systems under the NEM scheme is that it operates with smart meters only whereby the actual load profiles by the residential consumers remain unknown. Accurate load prediction for NEM consumers is crucial for optimizing energy consumption and effectively managing net metering credits. This study proposes a new model that incorporates an adaptive learning rate and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the solar output power that subsequently predicts the actual load used by the NEM residential consumers. The proposed model is trained and tested using historical time series data of projected PV power and weather conditions, considering the GPS location of the PV system. The outcome of the proposed model is then compared with other state-of-the-art models like ARIMA and regression methods. It is shown that the proposed model outperforms the traditional forecasting models with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 0.1942.
Parametric Study and Long-term Prediction of the Production of a Solar Water Heaters Installation
Authors: Gambade Julien , Noël Hervé , Glouannec Patrick , Magueresse Anthony
Published: October 2023

In order to increase the contribution of solar thermal energy in moderately exposed locations, it is necessary to study solar installations and optimise their design. A parametric analysis was carried out on a solar installation in a European climate, consisting of 16 water-in-glass evacuated tube collectors connected to their storage unit. The purpose of the installation is to prepare large quantities of hot water at 85°C twice a day to prepare feed for a calf rearing farm. The arrangement of half of the collectors in series and half in parallel makes this solar installation suitable for this application. The orientation and the inclination were studied for four different European cities to determine their effects on the energy supplied. The results show that location and orientation have a great impact, especially in the cities with higher solar irradiance. Having solar water heaters facing south with a 45° tilt angle allow the solar installation to maximise its production for three locations. Studying the ratio of the energy supply to the energy demand is an interesting way to show the performance of the solar installation. The developed dynamic numerical model will help design the solar energy production in challenging weather conditions where the reduction of fossil energy consumption can be optimised.
Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts of Renewable Energies: What have We Learned by Now?
Authors: Ramalho Edimar , López-Maciel Max , Madaleno Mara , Villar José , Ferreira Dias Marta , Botelho Anabela , Robaina Margarita
Published: October 2023

Renewable energy is an essential driver of the energy transition towards a more sustainable world. However, sustainability requires the coordination of the economic, environmental, and social dimensions, turning it into a complex objective. The aim of this study is to review the state of the art of the articles that analyze economic, environmental, and social metrics that can be used to evaluate the impact of renewable. In addition, this work also classifies metrics into two main approaches: macro-studies, corresponding to those that evaluate based on global and aggregated impacts, and micro-studies, corresponding to those that focus on regional and local impacts. A systematic literature review was used to identify and define these main metrics, based on common research databases. Seven metrics were found and described for the environmental impact, four for the economic impact and five for the social impact. The main finding revealed that micro-studies are more prevalent in comparison to macro-studies. Moreover, the systematic literature review allows achieving the objective and highlighting the proposed sustainability assessment framework as crucial for gauging and evaluating impact metrics across the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The difficulty in isolating and measuring each metric may be attributed to the challenges involved in studying the corresponding impact, whether at the micro or macro level. More targeted studies can help in a more efficient energy transition.
ICONE – Towards a French HiCANS Neutron Source for materials science and industry
Authors: Ott Frédéric , Darpentigny Jacques , Annighöfer Burkhard , Paulin Mariano Andrés , Meuriot Jean-Louis , Menelle Alain , Sellami Nadia , Schwindling Jérôme
Published: October 2023

We present the ICONE project which proposes to build a HiCANS source in France. The aim of the ICONE project is to be able to provide the French neutron user community sufficient instrumental capacity to continue performing neutron scattering experiments for their research programs. The baseline goal is to offer performances equivalent to a medium power research reactor or spallation source (such as Orphée or ISIS). We consider that such a machine would fulfil the needs of at least two-thirds of the users which not require ultimate performances but simply beam-time to perform their experiments. We also describe the experimental work ongoing at Saclay around the various technologies necessary to build a HiCANS.
Thermal moderator-reflector design of the 24 Hz target station for the High Brilliance Neutron Source
Authors: Chen Junyang , Rücker Ulrich , Voigt Jörg , Zakalek Paul , Vezhlev Egor , Li Jingjing , Gutberlet Thomas , Brückel Thomas
Published: October 2023

The High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) project develops a high current accelerator driven neutron source (HiCANS), aiming to substitute existing neutron research reactors, that reach the end of life. This study focuses on the thermal neutron moderator design for a low frequency, long pulse target station of HBS. We investigate the neutronic characteristics of the D2O+H2O mixture moderator material using the Monte Carlo particle transport code PHITS. Our findings show that, compared to D2O with lower neutron absorption, confinement of H2O is the dominant factor in achieving a high neutron flux within the moderator and thus a high neutron brightness. We find that surrounding the central thermal water moderator with a D2O+H2O mixture can achieve a better balance between confinement and absorption. However, because of multiple angles of reflecting neutron, this design will also increase the divergence of the neutron beam.
Polarisation Development at the European Spallation Source
Authors: Lee Wai Tung , Hagman Joel , Martin Rodriguez Damian , Stellhorn Annika , Backs Alex , Arnold Thomas , Blackburn Elizabeth , Deen Pascale , Durniak Celine , Feygenson Mikhail , Holmes Alexander T. , Houston Judith , Jaksch Sebastian , Kirstein Oliver , Mannix Dan , Månsson Martin , Morgano Manuel , Nilsen Gøran , Noferini Daria , Nylander Tommy , Orlov Dmytro , Santoro Valentina , Schmidt Søren , Schulz Michael , Schweika Werner , Strobl Markus , Tartaglione Aureliano , Toft-Petersen Rasmus , Villacorta Félix J. , Willendrup Peter , Wolff Maximillian , Woracek Robin
Published: October 2023

To meet the ever-increasing user demand, eleven of the fifteen European Spallation Source (ESS) instruments under construction aim to offer polarised neutrons for user experiments. They include an imaging instrument, a SANS instruments, two reflectometers, three diffractometers, and four spectrometers. In conjunction with in-kind contributions and instrumentation grants, the ESS Polarisation Project will support the incorporation of polarisation analysis on eight of the eleven instruments. The project aims to deliver polarised neutrons for first-science experiments as instruments enter operation. Different polariser and polarisation analyser techniques will be available to accommodate the specifics of experiments on a given instrument. Polarised 3He neutron spin filter using either Metastable Optical Pumping (MEOP) or Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) techniques will provide shared-use equipment among many instruments, with SEOP’s main application being in situ beam-polarisation. Several instruments will also use polarising-supermirror devices. To provide wide-bandwidth spin-flipping capability to the time-of-flight instruments, Adiabatic Fast Passage (AFP) neutron spin flippers, also known as gradient-field radiofrequency spin flippers will be the main method of choice. Devices based on the same AFP principle will also be used to flip 3He nuclear spins. We are constructing our first 3He polariser setup, including field coils to produce highly uniform magnetic field. Monte Carlo simulations are being done for the supermirror polarisers. To ensure science-focused development, we are working with university partners in doing scientific experiments with polarised neutrons. These are some of the activities developing polarisation analysis for ESS instruments in our project.
Upgrade of JCNS SANS instrument KWS-2 for improved performance and beam-time efficiency
Authors: Radulescu Aurel , Kang Jia-Jhen , Appavou Marie-Sousai , Papagiannopoulos Aristeidis
Published: October 2023

KWS-2 is a classical small angle neutron diffractometer where, following recent upgrades, the pinhole mode with different neutron-wavelengths and detector distances can be combined with focusing mode with MgF2 lenses to reach a wide Q-range between 2x10−4 and 1.0 Å−1. Further upgrades of the detection system and sample positioning system are currently in progress. A wide-angle detection prototype is currently being tested and optimized aiming at measurement conditions over an extended Q-range up to 2.0 Å−1, which will be beneficial for semi-crystalline materials and small biological morphologies. The high neutron flux provided by the FRMII reactor and transported by the optimized neutron guidance system requires an adjustment of the measurement routine for a more rational use of the beam time. A new versatile in-beam sample positioning system, which includes a multi-position carousel with temperature control, robotic elements, and a storage pool for sample cuvettes, has just been installed at the instrument’s sample position. This allows the instrument to be continuously supplied with samples and provides the ability to combine experiments on similar samples or topics into a common long experimental session. Here we report in detail on the expanded Q-range option of the KWS-2 from the perspective of current performance and planned upgrades, as well as the new sample positioning system with robotic elements.
Novel idea of neutron polychromator and application for reflectometry and spectroscopy
Authors: Yamada Norifumi L.
Published: October 2023

Historically, two methods have been used to determine the wavelength of neutrons: (i) a timeof-flight method that separates the velocity of pulsed neutrons by the flight time; and (ii) a method utilizing Bragg reflection by a monochromator, such as a single crystal or multilayer mirror. The former cannot be applied to electromagnetic waves because the light velocity is constant and independent of the wavelength, whereas “polychromators” such as prisms and gratings, which separate wavelengths via chromatic dispersion, are typically used in the infrared to soft X-ray range. Although polychromators require collimated beams to separate wavelengths with sufficient resolution, this aspect does not affect laser and synchrotron light because they are naturally collimated. Herein, we propose a novel idea of a neutron polychromator utilizing an elliptical multilayered mirror that can be applied to a wide beam with a large beam divergence. In addition, examples of reflectometer and spectrometer applications are presented.
Neutron scattering study on the structure-property relationship of radiation-grafted proton exchange membranes
Authors: Zhao Yue , Yoshimura Kimio , Hiroki Akihiro , Radulescu Aurel , Maekawa Yasunari
Published: October 2023

The partial scattering function (PSF) analysis through the contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering technique was used to determine the exact structure of the hydrated radiation-grafted protonexchange membranes, made of poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-grafted poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE-g-PSSA) with a high ion exchange capacity of 2.5 mmol/g. The membrane was treated as a threecomponent system composed of ETFE base polymer, PSSA graft polymer, and absorbed water. The analysis on PSF self-terms gave the exact structure of individual components and that on PSF cross-terms explored the correlation between two components to establish their locations. The characterization was performed in multiple length scales, and the mechanistic insights into membrane conductivity and structure correlations were provided.
Lamellar diffraction from lipid bilayers on MIRA, a triple axis spectrometer at the MLZ
Authors: Garvey Christopher J. , Skoulatos Markos , Georgii Robert
Published: October 2023

Diffraction used in conjunction with molecular deuteration provides a model independent means to examine detailed structural and compositional information of model and real biological membranes in the lamellar phase. The technique provides specific information of localization of molecules and smaller units with respect to the unit cell. Deuteration is used to provide specific labelling and to provide phasing for the crystallographic reconstruction. Typical data sets consist of a series of lamellar diffraction peaks, usually collected under conditions of 3 contrasts of the water gas phase. Accurately integrated the diffraction peaks can be used for a Fourier reconstruction of the composition of the lamellar unit cell in real space. Each diffraction peak which can be integrated for 3 contrasts contributes to an additional Fourier term in the reconstruction and optimization of the number of peaks enhances the spatial resolution of the crystallographic reconstruction. Here we report on the use of the flexibly configurable cold triple-axis spectrometer, MIRA, at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (Garching, Germany) for investigations of different lamellar systems using this approach. The data sets are acquired from lamellar stacks in an sample environment with humidity and temperature control with exceptionally low background. We discuss further enhancements of the instrument and sample environment which will provide information on the composition and equilibration of the sample.
Dynamics of polymer electrolyte with LiTFSI via Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering
Authors: Wang Hui , Osti Naresh C. , Allgaier Jürgen , Berg Marcella Cabrera , Halver Rene , Mamontov Eugene , Sutmann Godehard , Doi Yuya , Bucher Nicolas , Egami Takeshi , Förster Stephan , Ohl Michael
Published: October 2023

Most lithium batteries offer a wide range of applications. However, safety issues are still an unresolved issue for several applications. To solve the safety issue of Li-ion batteries, solid polymer electrolyte is a promising candidate to replace commercial liquid electrolyte. A 4-arm star poly(ethylene oxide) polymer with LiTFSI salt as an electrolyte was studied. The dynamics of this polymer were explored with the Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering technique. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and Li salt concentration on the polymer dynamics was investigated. The dynamics of the polymer ends of the arm show much higher flexibility than the core parts making those types of polymers attractive for further studies in battery research.
Development and first results of a magnetic sample environment for polarized neutron imaging of thin metal sheets
Authors: Backs Alex , Sebold Simon , Busi Matteo , Lee Wai Tung , Strobl Markus , Orlov Dmytro
Published: October 2023

Polarized neutron imaging brings the great advantage of analyzing bulk magnetic properties with good spatial resolution. The technique is based on the interaction of the neutron spin with magnetic samples or free magnetic fields and observing the changes to a spin-polarized neutron beam. The high sensitivity to even small magnetic fields is a benefit in obtaining magnetization information but simultaneously a challenge in instrumentation, since magnetic environments for the polarized neutron beam and for the sample, as well as the fringe field from the magnetic sample itself all affect the measurement and can give rise to unwanted effects. We have used finite element simulations and ray tracing simulations, to design and analyze a magnetic sample environment devised for the measurement of ferromagnetic metal sheets. Here we show an analysis of performance of the experimental setup based on the simulation results and compare them to first experimental results on a grain oriented silicon steel sample.
Deuterated Clathrate Hydrates as a Novel Moderator Material for Very Cold Neutrons. Project Aperçu and First Results
Authors: Czamler Valentin , Hansen Thomas C. , Koza Michael Marek , Wagner Richard , Zimmer Oliver
Published: October 2023

Clathrate hydrates are water-based solids with large crystallographic unit cells that show promise as potential moderators for use in new, more intense sources of very cold neutrons (VCN), which would enhance neutron scattering techniques and increase sensitivity of particle physics experiments. These so-called inclusion compounds seem particularly suitable for this application due to the low-energy modes of guest molecules encaged in nano-voids formed by a crystalline network of hydrogen bonded water molecules. In this article we present first results of an ongoing, extensive experimental campaign with the aim of characterizing the scattering properties of deuterated clathrate hydrates relevant for moderator applications. Experiments include neutron diffraction (carried out at Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) using the instrument D20), as well as measurements of the temperature-dependent dynamical structure factorS(q, ω) in absolute units (carried out on ILL’s Panther and IN5). These measurements will serve as a benchmark for development of new scattering kernels.
Influence of nonmagnetic cation substitution on magnetic order temperature in Y-type hexaferrites: Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2Fe12O22 and Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2Al0.08Fe11.92O22
Authors: Krezhov Kiril , Koutzarova Tatyana , Georgieva Borislava , Kolev Svetoslav , Kovacheva Daniela , Vertruyen Benedicte , Closset Raphael , Tran Lan Maria , Babij Michał , Senyshyn Anatoliy
Published: October 2023

With a view to the proven multiferroic properties of the title representatives of the Y-type hexaferrites as single crystals we present here a comparative study of their microstructure and magnetic properties for powders. The polycrystalline materials of Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2Fe12O22 (S1) and its doped with aluminium derivative Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2Al0.08Fe11.92O22 (S2) were synthesized by two different techniques: citric-acid sol-gel auto-combustion and sonochemical co-precipitation. Their atomic-level structure determination was checked by X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron diffraction and imaging methods, and their physical characterization was carried out by magnetometry. SEM images show that the microstructure strongly depends on the method of synthesis: non-uniform hexagonal grans are formed in case of auto-combustion whereas particles of nearly perfect hexagonal shape are observed in case of sonochemical co-precipitation. With lowering the temperature to 5 K several magnetic phase transitions were observed, more clearly pronounced in S2 powders. Neutron diffraction data in vicinity and above room temperature help in revealing the effect of magnetic dilution on the observed magnetic properties.
Intoxication du chien par le raisin : diagnostic et prise en charge
Authors: Yaich Héla , Malek Atef
Published: October 2023

Le chien est un animal particulièrement friand de raisins, ce qui le prédispose à une intoxication, qu’elle soit spontanée ou accidentelle.

Le raisin est riche en composés phénoliques auxquels le chien s’avère sensible, en développant notamment une néphrotoxicité. L’intoxication se manifeste par des signes digestifs, des signes d’insuffisance rénale aiguë et des dérèglements biologiques.

La prise en charge du chien intoxiqué est éliminatoire et symptomatique.

Le pronostic est fonction de la quantité ingérée et de l’état des principales fonctions de l’animal. ­Toutefois, il est réservé dès l’installation de la forme rénale, en raison des risques accrus d’éventuelles complications.
Les clés de l’interprétation des biopsies hépatiques
Authors: Paquet Marilène
Published: October 2023

Les pathologies hépatiques sont nombreuses en médecine vétérinaire et font partie des difficultés diagnostiques rencontrées chaque semaine en médecine des animaux de compagnie. La biopsie hépatique est un outil diagnostique qui nécessite un travail pluridisciplinaire dans lequel beaucoup d’efforts et de ressources sont déployés. Malheureusement, le rapport de biopsie est habituellement écrit dans une terminologie descriptive et diagnostique qui peut être ardue à comprendre et parfois même décevante pour le vétérinaire en clinique. De plus, les attentes du clinicien en médecine envers le rapport d’histopathologie sont parfois trop élevées ou mal orientées. Cet article vise à fournir quelques outils et lignes directrices afin de faciliter l’interprétation du rapport et permettre une meilleure compréhension de l’histopathologie des biopsies hépatobiliaires.
Pluridisciplinarité et interdisciplinarité au cœur de l’expertise scientifique collective INRAE et Ifremer sur les effets des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques
Authors: Sanchez Wilfried , Mamy Laure , Pesce Stéphane , Leenhardt Sophie
Published: October 2023

Une expertise scientifique collective menée conjointement par INRAE et l’Ifremer dans le cadre du plan Écophyto 2 + a mobilisé, pendant 2 ans, un panel pluridisciplinaire francophone de 46 experts scientifiques. Ce travail, basé sur l’analyse de plus de 4 000 références bibliographiques, a mis en évidence que les produits phytopharmaceutiques contaminent tous les milieux, majoritairement les zones agricoles, qu’ils sont responsables, par des effets directs et indirects, du déclin de certains groupes taxonomiques tels que les invertébrés terrestres et aquatiques et les oiseaux, et que la combinaison de différents leviers peut réduire cette contamination et les effets associés. La robustesse des conclusions de cette étude justifie l’intérêt d’approches combinant des disciplines variées dans le domaine des sciences de l’environnement mais aussi des sciences humaines et sociales.
Prävention von nicht suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten und Suizidalität an Schulen
Authors: Ullrich Janice , Walter Teresa , Fegert Jörg M. , Rassenhofer Miriam
Published: October 2023

Gegenstand und Ziel Der Artikel beinhaltet die Darstellung der Inhalte und erste Evaluationsergebnisse eines Online-Kurses zu den Themenbereichen nicht suizidales selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) und Suizidalität, welcher für Schulpersonal entwickelt wurde.

Material und Methoden Analyse der Evaluation eines Online-Kurses (N = 1177) zur Zufriedenheit mit dem Kurs und zur Umsetzbarkeit der erlernten Inhalte im Berufsalltag. Darüber hinaus erfolgte die Evaluation der ersten in Präsenz angebotenen ergänzenden Vertiefungsschulung (N = 19). Die Auswertung erfolgte mithilfe der Statistik-Software IBM SPSS.

Ergebnisse Bei den Teilnehmenden zeigt sich nach Bearbeitung der Basismodule ein überaus positiver Gesamteindruck des absolvierten Online-Kurses (M = 4,51; SD = 0,56) sowie eine daraus resultierende große Bereitschaft, den Kurs weiterzuempfehlen (M = 4,67; SD = 0,53). Darüber hinaus werden die vermittelten Inhalte als hilfreich und nützlich empfunden (M = 4,43; SD = 0,54). Auch die Evaluation der Vertiefungsveranstaltung ergab einen überaus positiven Gesamteindruck (M = 4,79; SD = 0,42). Beinahe alle Teilnehmenden würden den Workshop an ihre Kollegen weiterempfehlen (M = 4,89; SD = 0,32).

Schlussfolgerungen Auf Basis der Evaluation erweisen sich der entwickelte Online-Kurs und die ergänzend angebotene Vertiefungsschulung in Präsenz als zufriedenstellend und zielführend und somit als wichtige sowie erfolgreiche Instrumente für die Prävention von NSSV und Suizidalität bei Schülern.

Klinische Relevanz Je früher NSSV und suizidales Verhalten erkannt werden, desto erfolgsversprechender wirken sich Maßnahmen zur Verhaltensänderung aus. Die Sensibilisierung und Schulung von Schulpersonal hinsichtlich der Thematik NSSV und Suizidalität sind somit unerlässlich, um eine Früherkennung der Phänomene zu gewährleisten und Hilfsangebote zu installieren. Grundlegendes Wissen über die Themenbereiche kann darüber hinaus eine Reduktion von Stigmatisierung und eine Steigerung von Offenheit bei Schulpersonal erzielen, wodurch betroffenen Schülern eine haltgebende und richtungweisende Unterstützung geboten werden kann.
„Fall Risk Scoring“ in der ambulanten Ganganalyse: Validierung eines neuen Sturzrisikoassessments bei Heimbewohnern
Authors: Unger Eduard Witiko , Pohlemann Tim , Orth Marcel , Rollmann Mika F. R. , Menger Maximilian M. , Herath Steven C. , Histing Tina , Braun Benedikt J.
Published: October 2023

Stürze von älteren Heimbewohnern sind häufig. Individuelle Prävention kann die Wahrscheinlichkeit zu stürzen senken. Um den Präventionsbedarf zu erkennen, bedarf es einer systematischen
Erfassung des individuellen Sturzrisikos. In dieser Studie soll daher untersucht werden, inwiefern ein Sturzrisikoscore, gebildet aus mit einer erhöhten Sturzneigung assoziierten Gangparametern,
zwischen einer hoch sturzgefährdeten Gruppe und einer jungen gesunden Kontrollgruppe unterscheiden kann. Ein bereits publizierter Sturzrisikoscore wurde bei über 75-jährigen, sturzgefährdeten
Heimbewohnern sowie bei einer jungen, gesunden unter 40-jährigen Kontrollgruppe angewendet und ein individueller Score gebildet. Zusätzlich wurden die Sturzereignisse über einen Zeitraum von 12
Monaten erfasst. Nach Prüfung auf Normalverteilung wurde mittels Mittelwertvergleich und ROC-Analyse die Möglichkeit, Teilnehmer mithilfe des Scores zwischen älteren sturzgefährdeten Teilnehmern
und jungen, gesunden Personen zu differenzieren, getestet. Es wurden 18 Heimbewohner und 9 junge, gesunde Teilnehmer in die Analyse einbezogen. Unter den Älteren stürzten 15 mindestens einmal,
wobei insgesamt 37 Stürze innerhalb der 12 Monate erfasst wurden (2,06 ± 2,16; Range: 0–8). Unter den Jüngeren stürzte niemand. Dabei unterschied sich der Sturzrisikoscore der Heimbewohner von
dem der Jüngeren signifikant (9,2 ± 3,2 vs. 5,7 ± 2,2). Ebenso unterschied sich der Score zwischen Gestürzten und nicht Gestürzten signifikant (10,3 ± 1,8 vs. 5,2 ± 2,5). Die Gestürzten und
nicht Gestürzten konnte der Score mit einem Cut-off > 7,5 (AUC: 0,95) und einer Sensitivität von 86,7% differenzieren (Spezifität: 83,3%). Der gebildete Score erlaubt grundsätzlich die
Differenzierung zwischen älterem und jüngerem Studienkollektiv, wie auch zwischen Gestürzten und nicht Gestürzten. Der gebildete Score basiert auf Bewegungsdaten, die außerhalb spezieller
Ganglabore erhoben wurden, kann die Detektion von sturzrisikogefährdeten Heimbewohnern erleichtern und nun in prospektiven Studien weiter etabliert werden.
Arterial and Venous Thromboembolic Complications in 832 Patients with BCR-ABL-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Wille Kai , Deventer Eva , Sadjadian Parvis , Becker Tatjana , Kolatzki Vera , Hünerbein Karlo , Meixner Raphael , Jiménez-Muñoz Marina , Fuchs Christiane , Griesshammer Martin
Published: October 2023

Arterial (ATE) and venous (VTE) thromboembolic complications are common causes of morbidity and mortality in BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, there are few studies that include all MPN subtypes and focus on both MPN-associated ATE and VTE. In our single-center retrospective study of 832 MPN patients, a total of 180 first thromboembolic events occurred during a median follow-up of 6.6 years (range: 0–37.6 years), of which 105 were VTE and 75 were ATE. The probability of a vascular event at the end of the follow-up period was 36.2%, and the incidence rate for all first ATE/VTE was 2.43% patient/year. The most frequent VTE localizations were deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism (incidence rate: 0.59% patient/year), while strokes were the most frequent ATE with an incidence rate of 0.32% patient/year. When comparing the group of patients with ATE/VTE (n = 180) and the group without such an event (n = 652) using multivariate Cox regression analyses, patients with polycythemia vera (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.660; [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.206, 2.286]) had a significantly higher risk of a thromboembolic event than the other MPN subtypes. In contrast, patients with a CALR mutation had a significantly lower risk of thromboembolism compared with JAK2-mutated MPN patients (HR: 0.346; [95% CI: 0.172, 0.699]). In summary, a high incidence of MPN-associated VTE and ATE was observed in our retrospective study. While PV patients or generally JAK2-mutated MPN patients had a significantly increased risk of such vascular events, this risk was reduced in CALR-mutated MPN patients.
Demenzdiagnosen in deutschen Hausarztpraxen – Ein Vergleich
mit der Prävalenzschätzung für das Jahr
2021
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Kostev Karel , Michalowsky Bernhard
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Nach einer aktuellen Prävalenzschätzung aus
2021 leben 1,8 Mio. Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) in Deutschland. Diese
Schätzungen basieren auf Feldstudien und bilden nicht das
Diagnosegeschehen der ärztlichen Versorgung ab. Analyseziel war daher
die Prävalenz sowie die Altersverteilung der MmD in Hausarztpraxen (HA)
mit der Prävalenzschätzung zu vergleichen.

Methode Vergleich der 2021 diagnostizierten MmD in 946 HA-Praxen mit
über 2,8 Mio. Patienten mit der aktuellen
Prävalenzschätzung der Deutschen Alzheimer Gesellschaft
für 83 Mio. Einwohner in Deutschland.

Ergebnisse In HA-Praxen werden im Vergleich zur
Prävalenzschätzung seltener Demenzen dokumentiert (1,88%
vs. 2,16%), insbesondere in den Altersgruppe 80 Jahre und älter
betragen die prozentualen Prävalenzunterschiede mehr als 4%.

Diskussion Es bestehen weiterhin Verbesserungspotentiale bei der
Demenzdiagnostik, insbesondere bei den über 80-jährigen MmD.
Molybdenum-Catalyzed Directed Activation of Aryl Chlorides and Fluorides
Authors: Asako Sobi , Ilies Laurean , Banerjee Somsuvra , Matsushita Naoki , Nakamura Eiichi , Patil Nitin T.
Published: October 2023

A low-valent molybdenum species generated by the reduction of a molybdenum precursor with phenylmagnesium bromide catalytically cleaves a C–Cl or C–F bond in an aromatic ketone under mild conditions, followed by cyclization to produce a hydroxyphthalan (1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-ol) derivative.
What a Neurosurgeon Should Know about the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 1–Anatomy and Physiology
Authors: Vaz Marco Antônio Schlindwein , Monteiro Jander , Braga Francisco Luiz Souza , Lavinsky Joel , Santis Giuseppe Casella , Becker Lia Grub , Rocha Filho Marcelo Assis Moro da , Ribas Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes , Araújo Ricardo Marques Lopes de , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Isolan Gustavo Rassier
Published: October 2023

Objective To describe the microsurgical anatomy and the physiology of the endolymphatic sac (ES) that a neurosurgeon should know.

Methods Review of previous studies from 1927 to 2021, from basic and translational research using human and animal ES tissue or cells, as well as previous reviews about the subject. The present article is divided into three parts. In this first part, we review the microsurgical anatomy and physiology of the ES.

Results The ES is a structure situated in the inner ear, together with the cochlea, the vestibular system, and other structures. Differently from its adjacent structures, the ES does not have a specialized epithelium; instead, it has mitochondria-rich cells and ribosomal-rich cells, which are responsible for ionic transportation and secretory activity. Apart from these functions, the ES is also responsible for homeostasis regulation of the inner ear, endolymphatic fluid volume control, immune response, elimination of inner ear cellular debris and floating otoconia, regulation of membranous labyrinth pressure, acid/basic transport, and secretion of substances. Its anatomy is not very variable, since in most studies no more than 20mm separates the location of the ES in the samples, in any direction.

Conclusion The human ES has vital functions in the inner ear, and its anatomy is rarely variable. Knowing that, and the importance of this area for neurosurgery, the present study elucidates the exact location of the ES and the lost functions that a lesion in this structure must cause.
Who cares? Tinkering with values in geriatric care by first-generation immigrant newcomers and established caregivers in a German residential home
Authors: Ham Anita
Published: October 2023

A German residential home invited recently arrived refugees who were interested in working in geriatric care. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how established caregivers and first-generation immigrant newcomers tinkered with values to enact care for people with dementia. This ethnographic study included 200 h of participant observations, 24 in-depth interviews, two focus-group interviews with six first-generation immigrants and six established staff members. The established caregivers and first-generation immigrant newcomers demonstrated a willingness and ability to tinker in situations when different values came into play. However, when the workload becomes too heavy, staff from both groups may experience feelings of powerless, indifferent and demotivation. Institutional constraints exert a negative influence on the interaction between established caregivers and first-generation immigrant newcomers and impact their enactment of care for geriatric residents with dementia. In such situations, it becomes crucial for staff to have a supportive supervisor who can help them cope with the daily stressors of their practice.
Substantial impact of surface charges on electrochemical reaction kinetics on S vacancies of MoS2 using grand-canonical iteration method
Authors: An Yi , Cao Wei , Ouyang Min , Chen Shiqi , Wang Guangjin , Chen Xiaobo
Published: October 2023

The surface charges of catalysts have intricate influences on the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical reactions. Herein, we develop a grand-canonical iteration method based on density functional theory calculations to explore the effect of surface charges on reaction kinetics beyond the traditional Butler–Volmer picture. Using the hydrogen evolution reaction on S vacancies of MoS2 as an example, we show how to track the change of surface charge in a reaction and to analyze its influence on the kinetics. Protons adsorb on S vacancies in a tough and charge-insensitive water splitting manner, which explains the observed large Tafel slope. Grand-canonical calculations report an unanticipated surface charge-induced change of the desorption pathway from the Heyrovsky route to a Volmer–Tafel route. During an electrochemical reaction, a net electron inflow into the catalyst may bring two effects, i.e., stabilization of the canonical energy and destabilization of the charge-dependent grand-canonical part. On the contrary, a net outflow of electrons from the catalyst can reverse the two effects. This surface charge effect has substantial impacts on the overpotential and the Tafel slope. We suggest that the surface charge effect is universal for all electrochemical reactions and significant for those involving interfacial proton transfers.
Probing nanopore surface chemistry through real-time measurements of nanopore conductance response to pH changes
Authors: Sheetz Brian S. , Dwyer Jason R.
Published: October 2023

We developed a flow cell apparatus and method for streamlined, real-time measurements of nanopore conductance (G) in response to pH changes. By time-resolving the measurements of interfacial kinetics, we were able to probe nanopore surface coating presence and properties more thoroughly than in our previous work. Nanopores have emerged as a prominent tool for single-molecule sensing, characterization, and sequencing of DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. Nanopore surface chemistry affects analyte passage, signal characteristics, and sensor lifetime through a range of electrostatic, electrokinetic, and chemical phenomena, and optimizing nanopore surface chemistry has become increasingly important. Our work makes nanopore surface chemistry characterizations more accessible as a complement to routine single-pH conductance measurements used to infer nanopore size. We detail the design and operation of the apparatus and discuss the trends in G and capacitance. Characteristic G vs pH curves matching those obtained in previous work could be obtained with the addition of time-resolved interfacial kinetic information. We characterized native and chemically functionalized (carboxylated) silicon nitride (SiNx) nanopores, illustrating how the method can inform of thin film compositions, interfacial kinetics, and nanoscale chemical phenomena.
Stability of oscillator Ising machines: Not all solutions are created equal
Authors: Bashar Mohammad Khairul , Lin Zongli , Shukla Nikhil
Published: October 2023

Nonlinear dynamical systems such as coupled oscillators are being actively investigated as Ising machines for solving computationally hard problems in combinatorial optimization. Prior works have established the equivalence between the global minima of the cost function describing the coupled oscillator system and the ground state of the Ising Hamiltonian. However, the properties of the oscillator Ising machine (OIM) from a nonlinear control viewpoint, such as the stability of the OIM solutions, remain unexplored. Therefore, in this work, using nonlinear control-theoretic analysis, we (i) identify the conditions required to ensure the functionality of the coupled oscillators as an Ising machine, (ii) show that all globally optimal phase configurations may not always be stable, resulting in some configurations being more favored over others and, thus, creating a biased OIM, and (iii) elucidate the impact of the stability of locally optimal phase configurations on the quality of the solution computed by the system. Our work, fostered through the unique convergence between nonlinear control theory and analog systems for computing, provides a new toolbox for the design and implementation of dynamical system-based computing platforms.
Low temperature spin relaxation length exceeding 3 μm in highly conductive copper channels
Authors: Shen Xingyu , Ji Yi
Published: October 2023

Despite extensive studies of spin transport in metallic structures, it remains a challenge to achieve spin relaxation length well above 1 μm in metals even at low temperatures. We explore nonlocal spin transport in Cu channels with a cross section of 0.5 × 0.5 μm2, which exhibit superior values of electrical conductivity and residual resistivity ratio (RRR). Based on structures fabricated in a single batch, we found an average spin relaxation length of λCu=3.2±0.7μm and an average spin relaxation time of τs = 120 ± 50 ps at 30 K. Substantial variations of λCu, RRR, and resistivity ρCu are found among the structures and the three quantities correlate well to one another. The most conductive Cu channel in the batch yields λCu=5.3±0.8μm and τs=250±80ps. These superior values exceed expectations for metals and can be attributed to reduced spin relaxation from grain boundaries and surfaces.
Unraveling the variational breakdown of core valence separation calculations: Diagnostic and cure to the over relaxation error of double core hole states
Authors: Ferté Anthony , Giner Emmanuel , Taïeb Richard , Carniato Stéphane
Published: October 2023

The core valence separation (CVS) approximation is the most employed strategy to prevent the variational collapse of standard wave function optimization when attempting to compute electronic states bearing one or more electronic vacancies in core orbitals. Here, we explore the spurious consequences of this approximation on the properties of the computed core hole states. We especially focus on the less studied case of double core hole (DCH) states, whose spectroscopic interest has recently been rapidly growing. We show that the CVS error leads to a systematic underestimation of DCH energies, a property in stark contrast with the case of single core hole states. We highlight that the CVS error can then be interpreted as an over relaxation effect and design a new correction strategy adapted to these specificities.
Visualization of antiferromagnetic domains by nonreciprocal directional dichroism and related optical responses
Authors: Kimura Kenta , Kimura Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2023

Nonreciprocal directional dichroism (NDD) is a phenomenon in which the optical absorption is changed by reversing the direction of light propagation or the sign of the magnetic order parameters. While the NDD has mostly been observed in materials with macroscopic magnetization, recent experiments have shown that the NDD can be induced by a specific antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin structure that breaks both space-inversion and time-reversal symmetries. This opens the possibility of visualizing the spatial distribution of AFM domains via the NDD effect. This article reviews the basic features of the NDD, a brief history of the NDD in AFM materials, and recent achievements in visualizing AFM domains via the NDD and related optical responses, and finally provides a perspective on applications of this method for future AFM spintronics research.
HfSe2: Unraveling the microscopic reason for experimental low mobility
Authors: Keshri Sonu Prasad , Pati Swapan K. , Medhi Amal
Published: October 2023

Monolayer HfSe2, in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), is a potential thermoelectric candidate due to its low thermal conductivity. While its mobility remains low as in other 2D TMDCs is inconceivable for electronic and thermoelectric applications. Earlier theoretical attempts have failed to give justification for the orders of low experimental mobility obtained for monolayer HfSe2. We calculate the carrier mobility in the framework of the density functional perturbation theory in conjunction with the Boltzmann transport equation and correctly ascertain the experimental value. We also calculate the carrier mobility with the previously employed method, the deformation potential (DP) model, to figure out the reason for its failure. We found that it is the strong electron-optical phonon interaction that is causing the low mobility. As the DP model does not account for the optical phonons, it overestimates the relaxation time by an order of two and also underestimates the temperature dependence of mobility. A strong polar type interaction is evidenced as a manifestation of a discontinuity in the first derivative of the optical-phonons at the K and Γ points as well as a dispersive optical phonon at the K point. We also included the spin–orbit coupling which leads to an energy splitting of ∼330 meV and significantly affects mobility and scattering rates.
A survey on the mechanical design for piezo-actuated compliant micro-positioning stages
Authors: Ding Bingxiao , Li Xuan , Li Chenglin , Li Yangmin , Chen Shih-Chi
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive review of mechanical design and synthesis methods for piezo-actuated compliant micro-positioning stages, which play an important role in areas where high precision motion is required, including bio-robotics, precision manufacturing, automation, and aerospace. Unlike conventional rigid-link mechanisms, the motion of compliant mechanisms is realized by using flexible elements, whereby deformation requires no lubrication while achieving high movement accuracy without friction. As compliant mechanisms differ significantly from traditional rigid mechanisms, recent research has focused on investigating various technologies and approaches to address challenges in the flexure-based micro-positioning stage in the aspects of synthesis, analysis, material, fabrication, and actuation. In this paper, we reviewed the main concepts and key advances in the mechanical design of compliant piezo-actuated micro-positioning stages, with a particular focus on flexure design, kineto-static modeling, actuators, material selection, and functional mechanisms including amplification and self-guiding ones. We also identified the key issues and directions for the development trends of compliant micro-positioning stages.
Application of running fringes technique for measurement of photocarriers transport parameters in perovskite films
Authors: Korneev N. , Vega Salgado A. K. , Valencia Yescas R. , Cuatecatl M. , Rodriguez P. , Mansurova S. , Seidenspinner A. , Meerholz K.
Published: October 2023

This study aims to contribute to the development of theoretical and experimental tools for characterizing the transport properties of perovskite semiconductors. In the context of existing transport characterization methods for perovskites, there is a need for techniques that can accurately assess the critical transport parameters, such as diffusion lengths, given the specific challenges posed, such as their inherent instabilities. The novel methodology employed involves the development of a theoretical model to describe the running fringes-induced photo-electromotive force (RF photo-EMF) effect in bipolar photoconductors with a rather general type of photoconductivity relaxation behaviors for both carriers. This model is founded on the theory of photoinduced space charge grating formation in semiconductors. Subsequently, RF photo-EMF experiments were conducted on methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPI) polycrystalline films of varying grain sizes. By utilizing the RF photo-EMF technique, we successfully elucidated crucial transport and recombination characteristics, notably the ambipolar diffusion length and relaxation times of the charge carriers. Significantly, the developed theoretical model exhibited a remarkable agreement with the experimental results, highlighting its ability in explaining and predicting the behavior of charge carriers in perovskite semiconductors. The results of this study make a substantial contribution to the field of perovskite semiconductors by offering a novel theoretical and experimental approach to characterization of perovskites’ transport properties.