bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Odd Proton States in 165Tm, 167Tm, 169Tm, and 171Tm
Authors: Cheung H. C. , Burke D. G. , Løvhøiden G.
Published: October 2017

Proton states in the odd mass isotopes 165Tm, 167Tm, 169Tm, and 171Tm have been studied using (3He, d) and (α, t) reactions with 24 MeV 3He and 27 MeV 4He beams. The reaction products were analyzed with a magnetic spectrograph and detected with photographic emulsions, giving a resolution (FWHM) of 16–18 keV. The proton transfer l values were determined from (3He, d) angular distributions and from the ratios of (3He, d) and (α, t) cross sections. Nuclear structure factors, extracted using DWBA cross sections, were compared to those predicted by the Nilsson model with pairing corrections and Coriolis coupling included. Most of the previous assignments for low lying proton states have been confirmed, and several new ones were made. It is shown that the energy systematics of the intrinsic proton states cannot be attributed to variations in the quadrupole deformation, ε2, but can be explained by a small monotonic variation in the hexadecapole deformation, ε4.
Self-Induced Transparency in Excitons
Authors: Krishan V. , Krishan S.
Published: October 2017

The interaction of intense coherent light with Frenkel excitons has been studied for investigating the self-induced transparency. Some nonlinear effects neglected before have been included. It is found that the frequency spectrum consistent with the pulse propagation is wider by two orders of magnitude compared with the previous result.
NMR Study of the Molecular Motion of Water in Natrolite
Authors: Thompson R. T. , Knispel R. R. , Petch H. E.
Published: October 2017

The dynamics of water molecules in natrolite (Na2Al2Si3O10∙2H2O) were studied using proton magnetic resonance. At 4.2 K, rigid lattice values were observed for the proton second moment and line width and these quantities changed little up to 400 K. Between 300 and 460 K a narrower component of the proton line appeared, the relative intensity of which depended on the thermal history of the sample. The narrower component grew rapidly at the expense of the broader component as the temperature was increased above 460 K until only a narrow line (δH < 1 G) remained at 545 K. Spin lattice relaxation time measurements were made in the laboratory (T1) and rotating (T1ρ) frames. T1 decreased monotonically from 20 s at 77 K to 0.2 s at 435 K but did not reach a relative minimum. Relative minima in T1ρ were observed at 280 and 377 K for H1 = 4 G and the activation energies for the processes responsible for these minima were determined to be 8.6 ± 0.6 and 13 ± 2 kcal/mole respectively. Spin lattice relaxation rates based on 180° flips and other possible motions of the water molecules are discussed and compared to results obtained in other hydrates and zeolites.
Algebraic Formulas for the Computation of the Ricci Tensor
Authors: Pachner J.
Published: October 2017

Formulas for an easy computation of the Ricci tensor are deduced under the assumption that 7 components of the metric tensor, glk, g44 depend on all four coordinates, g14 = g24 = 0, and g34 = −A(x2, x3)g44. This kind of metric imposes no requirement at all upon the geometrical symmetry in a particular system of comoving coordinates. The formulas can be used without loss of generality also in all other coordinate systems in which the g14 either vanish or depend on the coordinates as expressed above (for instance, in the synchronous reference frame of Landau and Lifshitz).
Sensitized Fluorescence in Cadmium Induced in Collisions with Excited Hg Atoms
Authors: Czajkowski M. , Krause L.
Published: October 2017

The transfer of excitation energy induced in inelastic collisions between excited Hg atoms and ground-state Cd atoms was studied using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Hg atoms in a low-density Hg–Cd vapor mixture were excited with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation to the 63P1 state and interacted with the Cd atoms which became collisionally excited to the 53P1 state and subsequently decayed emitting sensitized fluorescence. Measurements of relative intensities of Hg 2537 Å resonance fluorescence and Cd 3261 Å sensitized fluorescence yielded the cross section Q(63P1 → 53P1) = 4.6 × 10−2 Å2. The efficiency of the excitation transfer was enhanced by the addition of small quantities of N2 to the Hg–Cd system. The cross section for quenching of the Cd 53P1 state by collisions with N2 was found to be 1.7 Å2.
Experimental Study of a Plasma Produced by a Helical Radio-frequency Structure
Authors: Andel H. W. H. Van , Churchland M. T. , Calabrese G.
Published: October 2017

A plasma produced by a helical RF structure of the Lisitano type is investigated. Measurements of electron density, electron temperature, and plasma stability are reported as a function of RF frequency and power, magnetic field strength and geometry, and neutral argon pressure. It is concluded that at moderate power (~20 W), electron cyclotron resonance is important in the power absorption process.
Microwave Double Resonance Study of Collision Induced Population Transfer Between Levels of Interstellar Methanol Lines
Authors: Lees R. M. , Haque S. S.
Published: October 2017

Collision induced transitions between rotational levels of methanol have been investigated by steady state microwave double resonance, in order to study collisional excitation mechanisms for methanol in the interstellar medium. Experiments are described on pure CH3OH and on dilute mixtures of CH3OH with excess He and H2, for various four level systems of astrophysical interest. For pure CH3OH, the results are qualitatively consistent with dipolar selection rules, ΔJ = 0, ± 1 and Δk = 0, ± 1, but certain aspects of the quantitative analysis are unexplained. For collisions of CH3OH with either He or H2, the collisional transition rates decrease relatively slowly with ΔJ. In the collisions with He, parallel Δk = 0 collisional transitions occur about four times more frequently than perpendicular Δk = ± 1 transitions, whereas in collisions with normal H2, Δk = 0 transitions are approximately twice as frequent as Δk = + 1 transitions.
Interference Effects in Neutron and X Ray Scattering
Authors: Glyde H. R.
Published: October 2017

The properties of interference between the one and multiphonon contributions to the dynamic and static scattering functions, S(Q, ω) and S(Q), first considered by Ambegaokar et al., are discussed in detail for b.c.c 3He and 4He for comparison with recent neutron and proposed X ray scattering experiments. Calculations of interference for Na and of the Debye temperature appropriate to the Debye–Waller factor in b.c.c 3He are also presented. In all cases the on shell interference term which alters the one phonon scattering intensity is found to be more important than the off shell term which alters the one phonon line shape. This is characteristic of systems in which anharmonic effects produce a large phonon frequency shift but in which the phonon lifetimes remain long. The difficulty in establishing the one phonon sum rules experimentally in the presence of interference is emphasized. As noted by Horner, existing unusual variations of scattering intensity observed in solid 4He can be satisfactorily explained by taking account of interference and this difficulty without introducing an anomolous Debye–Waller factor. Comparisons with liquid 4He suggest a similar difficulty in establishing the sum rules there.
Vapor Pressure Scale of Oxygen
Authors: Ancsin J.
Published: October 2017

Vapor pressure equations for pure and impure liquid oxygen have been obtained between the normal boiling and freezing points. Comparison of these vapor pressure equations with those obtained by others revealed some numerical disagreement among them. Experiments indicated that a sample may be induced to yield any of a set of vapor pressure values at a given temperature, depending on the experimental circumstances, and therefore great care should be exercised when relating the properties of the used 'pure' samples to those of an ideally pure substance.
Quantitative Spectroscopy of the Aurora. II. The Spectrum of Medium Intensity Aurora Between 4500 and 8900 Å
Authors: Gattinger R. L. , Jones A. Vallance
Published: October 2017

Quantitative spectra of medium intensity aurora in the 4500 to 8900 Å region at a slit width of about 10 Å are presented. By comparison with synthetically generated spectra the relative intensities of the prominent emission features have been determined, and a number of emissions of unknown origin have been identified. The emission features included in the analysis were the N2 first and second positive, Vegard–Kaplan, and infrared afterglow systems, the N2+ first negative and Meinel systems, the O2+ first negative system, the O2 atmospheric system, the OH night airglow system, the atomic line emissions, and a residual emission which was represented by a continuum. Due to the broad spectral coverage it was possible to obtain fairly complete information on the vibrational development of the brighter band systems. A number of new identifications of spectral features has led to the conclusion that in the O2 atmospheric system, bands with ν′ > 2 exist contrary to previous beliefs.
Induced Anisotropy and Light Scattering in Liquids. II.
Authors: Howard-Lock H. E. , Taylor R. S.
Published: October 2017

The spectra of light scattered by molecular liquids have been studied in order to obtain information about motions in the liquid on a time scale of 10−11 to 10−13 s. Integrated intensities and polarization ratios were measured. The spectra were decomposed by least squares curve fitting techniques into two components: a narrow component of Lorentzian form with line width approximately constant for all the liquids, and a broad component of the form [Formula: see text] with a line width parameter 1/ν0 equal to 2πγ−1(μ/kT)1/2. The proportionality constant γ−1 has the value of 0.62 Å for all the liquids studied. This interaction length appears to be common to all liquids.
Note Concerning the Monolayer Capacity
Authors: Mendoza P. , Rodríguez J. M. , Alzamora L.
Published: October 2017

When the derivative of spreading pressure with respect to adsorbed volume is obtained for the adsorption isotherms of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide on ZnO between 75.6 and 208.8 K, a maximum is found for the capacity of the monolayer.
Overtone intensities in neopentane and tetramethylsilane
Authors: Petryk M WP , Henry B R
Published: October 2017

The CH vibrational overtone transitions of vapour phase neopentane-d0, -d6, -d9, and tetramethylsilane (TMS) are investigated via conventional absorbance spectroscopy and intracavity laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (ICL-PAS). The CH stretching overtones of neopentane-d0are observed in the energy range Δ VCH= 39 (8 400 to 22 000 cm1) and in the range Δ VCH= 38 for the remaining neopentanes and TMS. While we have extended the range of previous studies, our main focus in this work has been on overtone intensities. The oscillator strengths of the neopentane-d0overtone transitions are determined directly by conventional absorbance spectroscopy for Δ VCH= 36 and via ICL-PAS with methane as an internal standard for Δ VCH= 47. The correspondence of measured intensities for the two techniques demonstrates the usefulness of the latter for higher overtone ICL-PAS spectra. The experimentally determined Morse parameters ω˜ and ω˜x as well as the harmonically coupled anharmonic oscillator (HCAO) model are used in conjunction with dipole moment functions that are derived from ab initio computations to calculate overtone transition intensities for the neopentanes and TMS. Key words: local mode, overtone transition, absolute intensity, photoacoustic spectroscopy.
N'-tert-Butyl-N'-aroyl-N-(alkoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-aroylhydrazines, a novel nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist: syntheses, insecticidal activity, conformational, and crystal structure analysis
Authors: Cao S , Qian X , Song G
Published: October 2017

Seventeen N'-tert-butyl-N'-aroyl-N-(alkoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-aroylhydrazines were synthesized, and their insecticidal activities against armyworm (Leucania separata (Walker)) were tested. The conformation and structure of compound 1b was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure belongs to the orthorhombic system and the NN bond adopts a gauche conformation, which was assumed to be the active conformation, with a dihedral angle of 69.9°.Key words: N'-tert-butyl-N'-aroyl-N-(alkoxycarbonylmethyl)-N-aroylhydrazine, syntheses, insecticidal activity, conformation, crystal structure.
Réaction compétitive de la substitution homolytique intramoléculaire : décomposition de peroxydes allyliques dans le thioglycolate de méthyle
Authors: Bourgeois Marie-Josèphe , Vialemaringe Marianne , Campagnole Monique , Montaudon Evelyne
Published: October 2017

The decomposition of allylic peroxides in methyl thioglycolate always leads to both epoxide and adduct peroxide. According to the nature of the allylic chain, either epoxide or peroxide is the predominant product, if not the only one. It is the first example where the hydrogen transfer is as fast as the intramolecular homolytic substitution. The influence of different factors upon the competition is studied.Key words: allylic peroxides, epoxides, intramolecular homolytic substitution, transfer.
STUDIES ON THE SUBACUTE AND CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF STILBESTROL IN THE MALE RAT
Authors: Snair D. W. , Jaffray Sybil E. , Grice H. C. , Pugsley L. I.
Published: October 2017

The temporary effects of the administration of stilbestrol upon body weight, weight of the accessory sex organs, and the reproductive capacity of the male white rat have been studied. A linear relationship was obtained when the logarithm of the dose of stilbestrol administered (0.0125 to 5.0 mgm.) was plotted against the percentage decrease in testes weight. This same relationship was also found when the log of the dose was plotted against the percentage decrease in body weight although this line had a much more gradual slope.When the administration of stilbestrol was discontinued, the seminal vesicles coagulating glands, and ventral prostrates regained their weight by the third to fourth week but the weights of the testes remained below the control values until the sixth to ninth week. In a breeding experiment it was shown that a daily dose of 7.5 μgm. of stilbestrol causes sterility in the male. This does also slightly affected the weight of the accessory sex organs and their cellular structure.
TRAUMATIC RENAL FAILURE IN THE RAT
Authors: Morton Kenneth S. , Friedman Sydney M.
Published: October 2017

A systematic study of the variables connected with the production of renal damage following a crushing limb injury in the rat has been made. The state of hydration of the animal immediately prior to and following the crushing injury appears to be the most critical variable. Myoglobin, while it intensifies the renal dysfunction, is not necessary for its production. The area involved in the crush as well as the amount of renal reserve, are important factors. Various steroid hormones were ineffective in altering the course of the disease.
ESTIMATION OF PENTOSE NUCLEIC ACID AND DESOXYPENTOSE NUCLEIC ACID IN THE LIVER AND BRAIN TISSUE OF MICE FOLLOWING THE FEEDING OF THE INSECTICIDE ALDRIN (HEXACHLOROHEXAHYDRODIMETHANONAPHTHALENE)
Authors: Annau E.
Published: October 2017

Aldrin fed to mice in sublethal concentrations induced, after a period of time, increase in DNA content of the liver tissue, while its PNA content remained essentially unaltered. A slight increase in the weight of the brain was noted, which did not affect the DNA or PNA content of the brain tissue.
THE DETERMINATION OF SERUM PROTEIN FRACTIONS ON FILTER PAPER ELECTROPHEROGRAMS BY THE BIURET REACTION, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE SERUM PROTEINS OF THE ESTROGENIZED IMMATURE PULLET
Authors: McKinley W. P. , Maw W. A. , Oliver W. F. , Common R. H.
Published: October 2017

An application of the biuret reaction to the determination of protein fractions on filter paper electropherograms of serum is described. The relative mobilities of the serum protein fractions of the domestic fowl and of man are compared. Values are reported for serum protein fractions as separated by filter paper electrophoresis in a methanolic veronal buffer. Some observations on the serum proteins of the estrogenized immature pullet are reported; and it is tentatively suggested that another fraction as well as serum phosphoprotein appears in the serum of the pullet as a consequence of treatment with estrogen.
STARCH SYNTHESIS IN CHLORELLA VULGARIS
Authors: Bailey J. M. , Neish A. C.
Published: October 2017

Chlorella vulgaris was found to deposit starch, in amounts up to 20% of the dry weight of the cells, when grown in a medium containing glucose. The cells did not contain cellulose or chitin. The starch was difficult to extract, being associated with an alkali-soluble, dextrorotatory, cell-wall polysaccharide. The starch, after extraction by a 26% solution of calcium chloride at 120 °C., had properties quite similar to starches from higher plants. It was composed of amylose (30–40%) and amylopectin. Glucose-1-C14 was incorporated into the starch, by growing cells, without much breakdown and resynthesis. Cell-free extracts, obtained from the alga, contained a phosphorylase and a branching enzyme similar to those of the potato. These brought about the synthesis of an amylopectin–glycogen type polysaccharide from glucose-1-phosphate. It is concluded that the mechanism of starch synthesis in Chlorella vulgaris is essentially the same as in higher plants.
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ABSORPTION IN NORMAL AND IN PATHOLOGICAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUIDS
Authors: Kovacs Ernest
Published: October 2017

Ultraviolet spectrophotometric studies were described in 402 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF's). Normal specimens exhibited a hyperbolic curve with end-absorption but no selective absorption. In CSF's of neurologically normal hospital patients absorption maxima were found, possibly dependent upon moderate increase of proteins (PR). In centrifuged meningitis samples peaks were demonstrated, scattered over the spectral region investigated. Fifteen per cent of the CSF's in this group exhibited absorption curves similar to the normal. In contrast, all but 2% of the poliomyelitis specimens exhibited absorption bands. The distribution of the maxima was compact; none under 2500 Å., and the vast majority in the middle zones from 2600 to 2900 Å., caused in part probably by nucleic acid (NA) and PR, or their derivatives. The samples of neurosyphilis, miscellaneous neurological, and psychotic cases exhibited a variety of absorption bands. In degenerative processes also selective bands suggesting some steroid compounds appeared. Some special features of ultraviolet spectrophotometry of the CSF were discussed. The described technique supplemented by chemical methods and applied critically may be a useful tool in clinical laboratory work.
DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CONTENT AND CELL DENSITY IN BRAIN AND HUMAN BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Heller Irving H. , Elliott K. A. C.
Published: October 2017

The desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content per nucleus and per unit weight of tissue have been determined chemically in normal cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and corpus callosum of man, dog, and cat and in various human brain tumors. Nuclear densities have been calculated from these determinations. Corpus callosum contains approximately the same total number of cells as does cerebral cortex; cerebellar cortex contains several times this number. The nuclear density in tumors is usually higher than in cerebral cortex or corpus callosum. The amount of DNA per nucleus in primary brain tumors is considerably higher than in normal tissue. The average DNA per nucleus in the more primitive and malignant tumors appears to be higher than in the more differentiated tumors. Calculations indicate that the increase in the DNA per nucleus in brain tumors is more likely to be due to polyploidy than to increased mitotic activity.
A METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF GLYCERIDES IN BLOOD
Authors: Stewart R. D.
Published: October 2017

A method has been devised by which neutral glycerides may be determined in 0.1 ml. of whole blood. Lipid is extracted from the blood with alcohol–ether, dissolved in chloroform, and saponified. The liberated glycerol is then oxidized with periodic acid and the resulting formaldehyde distilled into sodium sulphite solution. The distillate is then reacted with chromotropic acid and the resulting color measured with a photoelectric colorimeter. A correction for formaldehyde derived from phospholipid may be applied if the blood lipid phosphorus level is known. The results of some typical analyses of blood from normal and diabetic subjects are given.
THE STABILIZATION OF THE FLUORINE CONCENTRATION OF THE TOTAL ASH OF RATS
Authors: Jackson Sanford H.
Published: October 2017

Rations containing 0.5 and 1.0 mgm. % of added fluorine were fed to growing rats for six months. Representative groups of animals were killed at monthly intervals and analyzed for total fluorine and ash. The fluorine reached a constant concentration in the ash after the rats had been kept two to three months on the 0.5 mgm. % ration and five months on the 1.0 mgm. % ration. Young rats on a low calcium – high fluorine ration stored more fluorine than rats on a similar ration with added calcium. Two groups of young rats consumed the same total amount of fluorine over an eight week period. The first group received the fluorine mixed with the basal ration which was consumed ad libitum. The second group received the basal ration alone and in addition, on one day each week, the amount of fluorine ingested by the first group during the previous week. The fluorine retention was the same in both groups so that irregularity of ingestion had no effect.
THE INHIBITION OF SULPHANILAMIDE ACETYLATION BY AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXAMIDES AND CARBOXHYDRAZIDES
Authors: Johnson Willard J.
Published: October 2017

The acetylation of sulphanilamide by pigeon liver extracts was found to be markedly inhibited by amides of salicylic, 5-bromosalicylic, 5-methylsalicylic, and 6-aminonicotinic acids, and by hydrazides of benzoic, salicylic, 4-aminosalicylic, nicotinic, and isonicotinic acids, as well as by p-aminosalicylic acid. The inhibition by salicylamide and isonicotinylhydrazide (isoniazid) was shown to be competitive in nature.
CARBOHYDRATES IN THYROGLOBULIN AND THE LENS CAPSULE
Authors: Ujejski L. , Glegg R. E.
Published: October 2017

The carbohydrate content of thyroglobulin and the lens capsule was studied. Paper chromatography of hydrolyzates was used for qualitative investigation and the carbazole – sulphuric acid method for quantitative estimations of carbohydrates. Thyroglobulin contains 4.2% carbohydrate made up of galactose, mannose, and fucose, while the lens capsule contains 11.8% carbohydrate made up of galactose, glucose, mannose, and fucose.
QUANTITATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF ENZYMIC TRANSPEPTIDATION REACTIONS
Authors: Connell George E. , Dixon Gordon H. , Hanes Charles S.
Published: October 2017

A colorimetric ninhydrin method has been applied to the quantitative estimation of amino acids and peptides on paper chromatograms. This method is suitable for the analysis of enzymic transpeptidation reactions. A procedure for the purification of filter paper for chromatography has been developed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOSE AND RESPONSE IN POSTHISTAMINIC PLASMA PEPSINOGEN IN DOGS
Authors: Kowalewski K. , Norvell Jr. S. T.
Published: October 2017

The effect of various doses of histamine dihydrochloride on the plasma pepsinogen in dogs was investigated. The animals were studied in acute experiments under sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal) anesthesia. They were protected against the systemic effects of histamine by the antihistaminic drug promethazine HCl (Phenergan). Sodium pentobarbital anesthesia alone or anesthesia and antihistaminic drug together did not result in the rise of plasma pepsinogen. Plasma pepsinogen was increased in the dogs treated with histamine and the degree of elevation of this enzyme varied directly according to the dose of histamine administered.
HOMEOSTATIC ADJUSTMENT IN THE RENAL TUBULAR TRANSPORT OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE IN THE DOG
Authors: Foulks James G.
Published: October 2017

By means of the infusion of small amounts of sodium sulphate it has been possible to elevate the filtered load of inorganic phosphate to the renal tubule in fasted dogs without the administration of exogenous phosphate. Under these circumstances, the reabsorption of phosphate remains virtually complete, even when filtered loads are reached which result in a substantial phosphaturia when phosphate has been administered. By comparing phosphate reabsorption and excretion in fasted animals, and in animals at various intervals after feeding, the existence of homeostatic adjustments in the renal tubular transport of inorganic phosphate has been demonstrated. The available evidence suggests that the intracellular disposition of phosphate itself may be an important factor in determining the rate of renal tubular phosphate transport at filtered loads in the physiological range. The limitations of the determination of the phosphate "Tm" as a device for studying homeostatic processes have been discussed.
SKIN METABOLISM IN RATS EXPOSED TO COLD
Authors: DesMarais André
Published: October 2017

In a study of skin metabolism, it has been found that the activity of the succinic dehydrogenase in this tissue is increased during exposure to cold and that this increase is prevented by administration of sodium ascorbate.
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ABSORPTION IN CRUDE ORGAN EXTRACTS FROM NORMAL MICE AND FROM MICE UNDER THE STRESS OF SOME TOXIC AGENTS
Authors: Annau E.
Published: October 2017

Ultraviolet spectrophotometric studies of brain and liver extracts of normal mice and of mice suffering a progressive aldrin intoxication or an acute cocaine poisoning were described. Using an optical method developed in this Institute and presented in a previous communication, tentative protein spectra characteristic for each individual organ could be obtained. Essential differences could be registered in the absorption spectra from animals poisoned with aldrin or cocaine as compared to the spectra of controls.
EFFECT OF STARVATION ON CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESISIN VITRO
Authors: Migicovsky B. B. , Wood J. D.
Published: October 2017

The components of centrifugal fractionation of liver homogenates from normal and starved rats were examined for cholesterol synthesis and inhibition thereof. Normal liver particulate matter fractions obtained between 700 to 9000 × g and 9000 to 140,000 × g were active with respect to cholesterol synthesis in the presence of clear supernate obtained by centrifugation at 140,000 × g. The particles alone did not synthesize cholesterol. Particles from liver homogenate of starved rats, recombined with clear supernate from starved rats, lacked synthetic activity but clear supernate from liver homogenate of starved rats showed some activity in the presence of normal particles. Degradation of cholesterol occurred with liver particles (700–9000 × g) from both normal and starved rats: the latter preparation also inhibited cholesterol synthesis. Preliminary incubation of clear supernate from normal rats with particles from starved rats, followed by recentrifugation at 140,000 × g, produced a supernate with synthetic activity equal to that obtained with untreated supernate. Preliminary incubation with normal particles gave a supernate with less synthetic activity. This indicated another difference between particulate matter from normal and starved rats.
ON BODY FAT AND BODY WATER IN RATS
Authors: Babineau Louis-Marie , Pagé Edouard
Published: October 2017

Under our experimental conditions, water represented 72% of the fat-free body mass. This constant was found to be completely independent of the magnitude of the fat depots. Consideration of the composition of various samples of adipose tissue suggests that the water to fat-free dry matter ratio is the same as in the body as a whole or that any "excess" water contributed by adipose tissue is so small in absolute amounts as to leave the global ratio essentially undisturbed. Rats exposed to cold had to draw on their fat stores during the first month of exposure but later replenished their energy reserves. The water to fat-free dry matter ratio was not affected.
THE RESPIRATION OF ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES EGGS
Authors: Passey Richard F. , Fairbairn Donald
Published: October 2017

The rate of oxygen consumption of developing ascaris eggs decreased rapidly to a minimum after 1.5 days, and thereafter increased to a maximum at 10 days, when the embryos were vermiform. During the 10–20 day period, when the embryo matures and molts once in the egg, the respiration decreased steadily, and continued to decrease more slowly until at 140 days the rate was scarcely measurable. Nevertheless, the eggs remained viable and hatched readily in the mouse gut. Cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase could not be detected by direct assay or isolation. However, the high sensitivity of the respiration to carbon monoxide (in the dark), to cyanide, and to azide, and the low sensitivity to carbon monoxide (in the light) and to decreasing partial pressures of oxygen, indicated that oxidases such as the flavoproteins, phenolases, and peroxidases were unlikely respiratory catalysts, and that cytochrome oxidase, or a similar and hitherto undescribed enzyme, was the major component of the terminal respiratory enzyme system.
ABSENCE OF INCREASED CORTICOID EXCRETION WITH THE STRESS OF PERCEPTUAL DEPRIVATION
Authors: Murphy C. W. , Kurlents E. , Cleghorn R. A. , Hebb D. O.
Published: October 2017

Null
THE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF SARIN
Authors: Hoskin F. C. G.
Published: October 2017

The hydrolysis of the powerful cholinesterase inhibitor, sarin, by a rat serum enzyme leads almost exclusively to isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, neither methylphosphonic acid nor hydrogen methylphosphonofluoridate being formed. When isopropyl methylphosphonic acid is administered to the intact rat, it is excreted unchanged in the urine. It is inferred, therefore, that the metabolism of sarin by the intact rat would lead almost exclusively to isopropyl methylphosphonic acid.
THE STERIC FACTOR IN THE HYDROLYSIS OF β-1,4′-OLIGOGLUCOSIDES BY MYROTHECIUM CELLULASE
Authors: Whitaker D. R.
Published: October 2017

A comparison of the rate constants and activation energies for the hydrolysis of cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, and cellopentaose by Myrothecium cellulase showed that while the rate constant was increased by a factor of about 450 as the degree of polymerization (D.P.) of the substrate was increased from two to five, the activation energy remained at about 12,000 cal. The results are interpreted, in terms of classical collision theory, as indicating that the increase in rate constant with D.P. is determined by an increase in the steric factor with D.P. Addition of a β-linked sorbityl group to an oligoglucoside increased the rate constant; the increase was less than that from addition of an anhydroglucose unit and, relative to the latter, diminished as the D.P. of the chain undergoing addition was increased. Exposing the enzyme to conditions favoring thermal or surface denaturation caused varying losses in enzymic activity towards the four oligoglucosides; wherever the loss in activity towards one oligoglucoside differed substantially from the loss in activity towards any other oligoglucoside, the greater loss was shown towards the substrate of lower D.P. The results are discussed.
LIPID AND WATER LEVELS IN THE KIDNEYS OF ALBINO RATS BEARING WALKER CARCINOMA 256
Authors: Boyd Eldon M. , Tikkala Arne O.
Published: October 2017

The kidneys of 54 pairs of twin albino rats, one inoculated and one not inoculated with Walker carcinoma 256, were analyzed for water, total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid, calculated as gm. per 100 gm. nonlipid dry weight. Compared with the kidneys of their nontumor-bearing littermates, the kidneys of tumor-bearing rats exhibited no significant change in wet weight and in concentration of total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, and ester cholesterol. There was a significant increase in concentration of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid. The increase was toward concentrations of corresponding elements in Walker carcinoma 256. The changes became evident in animals bearing tumors weighing 20 to 40% or more of host weight.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON NORMAL AND ON POLIOMYELITIS INFECTED TISSUE CULTURES: I. OBSERVATIONS ON SYNTHETIC NUTRIENT MIXTURES INCUBATEDWITH TISSUE CULTURES OF NORMAL KIDNEY
Authors: Kovacs Ernest
Published: October 2017

Illustrative examples are given of change in turbidity values of complete and incomplete media used for in vitro cultivation of rhesus monkey kidney tissue. Pools of routine material were examined. The main interest was focused on enzymes directly or indirectly connected with nucleic acid metabolism. The presence and behavior of acid and alkaline monoesterases, 5-nucleotidase, simple nucleotidases, two different types of ribonuclease, and two desoxyribonucleases are described and activity of other enzymes occasionally demonstrated. As a working hypothesis, the bearing of these findings on cell physiology and on pathology of poliomyelitis virus infection is discussed.
TRANSBUCCAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN THE DOG
Authors: Markowitz J. , Archibald J.
Published: October 2017

The canine pituitary gland is immersed in a vascular lagoon comprising the circular sinus. A practical technique is described for its complete transbuccal extirpation. The operation can be almost bloodless if one uses tamponade with topical thrombinR.
THE ROLE OF KETO ACIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON DIOXIDE ASSIMILATION
Authors: Towers G. H. N. , Mortimer D. C.
Published: October 2017

Of the keto acids identified in leaves of sugar beet and other plants exposed to C14O2, pyruvic acid was found to be the only one labelled in light periods up to 45 sec. α-Ketoglutaric and glyoxylic acids became radioactive after about 45 sec. Radioactive hydroxypyruvate was not identified under these conditions and labelled oxaloacetate was detected only in trace amounts after 60 sec. in Scenedesmus. In contrast glycine and serine were labelled after 10 sec. under comparable conditions and aspartic acid was appreciably labelled after 30 sec. The effect on the radioactivity of the keto acids of an additional period intracer-free air, with and without light, as well as the dark incorporation of C14O2 was studied. These results are discussed in relation to the role of the ketoacids in photosynthesis. It is concluded that the synthesis of amino acids such as glycine, serine, and aspartic acid may be effected by mechanisms other than transamination in green leaves in the light.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHAGOCYTIC STIMULATION ON MICROBIAL DISEASE: V. STIMULATION OF PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY OF MONOCYTES AGAINST TUBERCLE BACILLI, STRAIN BCG
Authors: Gözsy Béla , Kátó László
Published: October 2017

Monocytes were obtained by the washing of the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs with Hanks' solution six days after intraperitoneal administration of a saline solution containing glycogen. Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG strain) was studied after a one hour incubation at 37 °C. under the influence of histamine and 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane, which latter substance had shown a beneficial influence on the outcome of experimental tuberculosis. Histamine increased the phagocytic activity of monocytes, within the limits of 1 μgm. to 10 μgm per ml. This stimulation was inhibited in vitro by a synthetic antihistamine substance. Fifty and 100 μgm. per ml. histamine decreased the phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli (BCG) by the monocytes. Monocytes withdrawn from histamine treated guinea pigs showed no stimulated activity. From 0.5 to 100 μgm. per ml. of 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylbicyclo-decapentane stimulated the phagocytic activity of monocytes against tubercle bacilli (BCG) in vitro and monocytes withdrawn from animals treated with the same substance showed equally a stimulated activity. This increased phagocytosis was equally inhibited in vitro by the antihistamine, but to a lesser degree than the inhibition of the histamine stimulated phagocytosis. The above observations suggest that the stimulating action of the 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-bicyclo-decapentane is a direct action on the monocytes rather than an indirect one caused by activation of latent histamine. Experiments also show the possibility of stimulation of the cellular defense mechanism, by appropriate treatment.
ÉTUDE QUANTITATIVE DE L'ACTIVITÉ CHOLINESTÉRASIQUE DE LA PLAQUE MOTRICE PAR VOIE D'HISTOPHOTOMÉTRIE
Authors: Crevier Par Marc , Bélanger Léonard-F.
Published: October 2017

The cholinesterase activity of the motor end plate has been determined in situ by histophotometry. It has been possible to establish statistically the probable value of the enzymic activity of a single motor end plate morphologically identified. Studying the rate of the enzymic reaction in function of time, temperature, and concentration of substrate, it became evident that the progressive deposition of the precipitate as the reaction proceeds is represented by a proportional and local increase in its concentration and not by its spreading over the fiber. Inhibition experiments with eserine and acetylcholine in excess have proved that with the substrates used, β-naphthylacetate and β-carbonaphthoxycholine, it is possible to identify independently acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase activity at the level of the motor end plate, the former being in proportion of 90%. The acetylcholinesterase inactivation has been observed after intramuscular injections of eserine, indicating that pharmacological problems can be studied at the microscopic level by histophotometry.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE POTASSIUM CONTENT OF INCUBATED BRAIN SLICES
Authors: Pappius Hanna M. , Elliott K. A. C.
Published: October 2017

When rat cerebral cortex slices are incubated in glucose–saline medium in the presence of oxygen, the slices lose half of their potassium almost immediately and then reconcentrate it to some extent. Uptake of potassium proceeds further if glutamate is added to the medium but, since the apparent intracellular space is also increased by glutamate, the intracellular potassium concentration is not increased by glutamate. The difference between the potassium concentrations in the incubated slice and in the medium reaches a maximum when the medium contains about 5 mM potassium. In the absence of oxygen, under ordinary conditions, slices lose potassium rapidly but the final concentration reached remains higher than that of the medium and this difference is marked if the concentration in the medium is high. The greatly depleted potassium content of slices which have been incubated anaerobically can be largely restored by subsequent aerobic incubation. The rate and extent of this restoration decreases with the length of time during which the slices have been deprived of oxygen. If the medium contains pyruvate or if the slices have been subjected to a previous period of aerobiosis, anaerobic glycolysis is stimulated and concomitantly the potassium concentration in the slices increases. The effects of pyruvate and previous aerobiosis are additive. The sum of sodium and potassium in slices incubated under various conditions does not vary greatly but the sum is significantly increased in the presence of glutamate, in phosphate instead of bicarbonate-buffered medium, and, especially, in medium containing a high potassium concentration. The fluid taken up in swelling has approximately the same total cation content as that of the medium.
A METHOD OF ISOLATION OF PROTEINS FROM DILUTE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Webb T. , Sehon A. H. , Rose B.
Published: October 2017

A method has been developed for the concentration of dilute solutions of biocolloids. It consists of the removal of water by pervaporation and the simultaneous removal of salts and other low molecular weight materials by dialysis. A dilute solution of serum (2 ml. of serum per liter of 0.9% sodium chloride solution) of known composition was used to test the efficacy of the method. The electrophoretic patterns of the reconstituted serum protein solutions were compared with those of the untreated sera. The total recovery of biocolloids from such solutions was about 73% and the electrophoretic patterns obtained were similar to those of the untreated sera. The method is reasonably simple, rapid, and compares favorably with other methods used for the concentration of biocolloids. It has also been employed in the concentration of biocolloids of normal human urine.
NEUTRAL FAT OF THE PERIRENAL FAT DEPOTS
Authors: Boyd Eldon M. , Lower Alfred H.
Published: October 2017

The possibility was investigated that perirenal fat depots which have high levels of neutral fat also have high levels of phospholipid and free cholesterol associated with increased ability to actively store fat. Lipid and water levels per unit nonlipid dry weight were measured upon perirenal fat depots in 27 male and 24 female albino rats. Mean levels of water, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly higher in female than in male rats. In perirenal depots containing high levels of neutral fat, (a) weights of the organ were low in females (P = 0.01 to 0.02) but not significantly so in males (P = 0.1 to 0.4), (b) levels of phospholipid were unaffected, and (c) levels of ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and water were high in both males and females (P < 0.001 to 0.05). The results indicate that storage of increased levels of neutral fat in perirenal fat depots of the albino rat is associated with increased levels of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and water per unit nonlipid dry weight.
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PAROTID SECRETION OF THIOCYANATE, IODIDE, AND CHLORIDE
Authors: Ferguson Marion H. , Naimark A. , Hildes J. A.
Published: October 2017

The salivary/serum ratios of both iodide and thiocyanate, which are inversely related to the rate of parotid secretion and which are normally above unity, are depressed by oral administration of perchlorate or thiocyanate but are not influenced by the administration of large doses of iodide. In contrast, parotid chloride concentration is directly related to the rate of secretion, is always lower than the blood concentration, and is not influenced by perchlorate, thiocyanate, or iodide administration.These results indicate that, although thiocyanate, iodide, and possibly perchlorate, but not chloride, may share a common transport mechanism in the parotid gland, this mechanism is easily saturated by thiocyanate and perchlorate but not by iodide.
THE SITE OF ACIDIFICATION OF THE URINE IN THE DOG'S KIDNEY
Authors: Nicholson T. F.
Published: October 2017

Damage to the proximal tubules of one kidney in the dog resulted in a decrease in the acidity of the urine excreted by the damaged kidney. When ferric ammonium citrate and sodium ferrocyanide were injected intravenously into dogs excreting urines of pH 5.0 or less, Prussian blue was formed at the brush borders of the cells of the proximal tubules indicating an acidity of pH 3.5 or less. Injected Töpfer's reagent (range pH 2.9 to 4.0), and tropaeolin 00 (range pH 1.9 to 2.4) were seen in their acid forms at the same site. When a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor was injected into the renal artery of one kidney the above phenomena were not observed. When the urine pH was greater than 6.0 no Prussian blue was formed and the indicators listed were in their alkaline forms. In these animals injected bromothymol blue and bromocresol purple were seen in the lumina of the tubules in shades indicating a pH above 7.0 in the proximal tubules and about 6.0 to 6.5 in the distal tubules. It seems evident that, when dogs are excreting markedly acid urines, hydrogen ions are secreted in high concentration at the brush borders of the proximal convoluted tubules. On the other hand when the acidity of the urine is slight, acidification of the urine appears to take place in the distal tubule.
AN EVALUATION OF TWO METHODS OF ALGESIMETRY IN HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Foulks James G. , Daniel Edwin E.
Published: October 2017

The effect of analgesic drugs and placebos on experimental pain thresholds has been studied in 60 untrained and three trained human subjects. Muscle compression (cuff method) and compression of tissues overlying bone (aesthesiometer method) have been employed as pain-producing stimuli. The two methods manifest a comparable degree of reproducibility. The following coefficients of variation were obtained: (1) subject-to-subject, 80%; (2) day-today, 20%; (3) moment-to-moment, 10%.The threshold elevations produced by analgesics were small and, in most cases, not significantly greater than those obtained with placebos. Responses to various agents with each method of measurement tended to be consistent from one time interval to the next on a given test occasion. There also was a positive correlation between the simultaneous results as measured by the two different procedures in the case of agents producing significant threshold elevations. However, there was no correlation between the responses of the subjects to placebos and to analgesic agents. The majority of subjects were inconsistent in their reactions to placebos. Neither exclusion of placebo reactors nor training of subjects enhanced the accuracy of threshold reproducibility or the ability to discriminate between agents. Neither method of measurement revealed threshold changes to analgesics which were large enough to detect practical differences in the potency of various agents or in the effects of different doses of the same agent.
THE CONVERSION OF FAT TO CARBOHYDRATE DURING EMBRYONATION OF ASCARIS EGGS
Authors: Passey Richard F. , Fairbairn Donald
Published: October 2017

While ascaris eggs developed to the vermiform stage (10 days) both lipids and carbohydrates (glycogen and trehalose) decreased in amount. During the next 15 days, in which the embryo became infective, lipids continued to decrease, but at a greater rate, whereas carbohydrate was completely resynthesized. Examination of the possible sources of the required carbon revealed that protein, non-protein nitrogenous compounds, phosphorus compounds, metabolic acids, glycerol, and volatile acids occurring in the triglycerides were not adequate and that carbon dioxide was not extensively fixed. Direct evidence for the conversion of triglyceride acids to carbohydrate was furnished by the increase in lipid-free dry weight, which corresponded closely with the increase in carbohydrate. Moreover, the amount of lipid carbon which disappeared was equal to the sum of the carbon dioxide and carbohydrate carbon which appeared, and oxygen consumption was insufficient to account for the complete combustion of lipid carbon. It was concluded that the carbon of partially oxidized fragments of fatty acids, possibly acetylcoenzyme A, was incorporated into glycogen and trehalose, and hence that ascaris eggs in this stage of their development were able to bring about a net conversion of fat to carbohydrate.