bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLICATIONS OF ANTIBIOTHERAPY IN CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION TO HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN DOLJ COUNTY (ROMANIA)
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania, Dragonu Livia ,   Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology “Victor Babes”, Craiova, Romania, Cupsa Augustin ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania,   Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology “Victor Babes”, Craiova, Romania, Niculescu Irina ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania,   Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology “Victor Babes”, Craiova, Romania, Giubelan Lucian ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania,   Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology “Victor Babes”, Craiova, Romania, Dumitrescu Florentina ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania,   Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology “Victor Babes”, Craiova, Romania, Stoian Andreea Cristina ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania, Diaconescu Iulian Gheorghe ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania,   Clinic Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology “Victor Babes”, Craiova, Romania
Published: August 2021

Objectives. The paper presents the role of the antibiotic treatment and of the favoring factors independent on the antibiotherapy, identified in the occurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in hospitalized cases in Dolj County. Material and method. Two groups of patients were analyzed: the CDI AB group (178 cases of CDI that received antibiotic treatment) and the CDI non AB group (36 CDI cases which did not receive antibiotic treatment) recorded between July 2014 and December 2016). Results. The antibiotherapy was a significant risk factor, registered at 83.2% of the cases. The classes of antibiotics associated with the onset of CDI were cephalosporins (73.5% of cases), quinolones (24.2%), penicillins (13.4%), tuberculostatics (6.1%), carbapenems (5.6%). The cases came from the general surgery sections (25.2%), pneumophtiziology (16.8%), intensive care (13.5%), neurology (12.1%), nephrology (6.1%), orthopedics (6.1%), cardiology (4.2%), plastic surgery (4.2%), urology (3.7%). CDI non AB recorded a higher percentage compared to CDI AB in the Intensive care sections (30.6% versus10.1%). The comparative analysis of the characteristics of the patients with CDI AB and CDI non AB did not reveal significant differences linked to the age, sex, interval between admission and onset of the symptoms, recent gastrointestinal surgery or taking antacids. Conclusions. The antibiotherapy is an important risk factor for CDI, cephalosporins and quinolones being frequently-involved. Being admitted to the intensive care unit and the severity of the underlying conditions had a significant role in the appearance of CDI in patients without exposure to antibiotics.
LEFT TRANSVERSE VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS ASSOCIATED TO PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN – INTUITIVE VS. COGNITIVE DIAGNOSIS
Authors:   “Sfanta Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital Iasi, Romania, Obreja Maria , Vlad Liliana ,   “Sfanta Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital Iasi, Romania, Miftode Radu ,   “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Ceasovschih Alexandr ,   Department of Internal Medicine, ”Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Miftode Egidia ,   “Sfanta Parascheva” Infectious Diseases Hospital Iasi, Romania,   “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cerebrovascular condition involving multiple etiologies. Diagnosis of CVT is usually overlooked or delayed due to highly varied symptomatology, modes of onset and neuroimaging signs; furthermore, the same cause cannot be found in more than 15% of the cases, individual result being hard to predict, while the disease can complicate despite anticoagulant treatment. Material and methods. We present a typical case of meningitis that in day 10 of illness associated an uncommon symptomatology suggesting cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Results. It should be noted that imaging examination can neither confirm nor exclude a thrombosis. A case whose development worsens progressively and for which there is no imaging exam to support a particular therapeutic conduct hampers the decision-making process for the physician. Discussion. The issue raised focuses on the assumption that anticoagulant medication may be beneficial to the patient or, on the contrary, it may be in the detriment of the physician who is uncertain about the diagnosis, due to subsequent unfavorable development of patient clinical status. Conclusions. That human rational thinking, exercised in years of experience, cannot yet be technologized, let alone replaced by a robot, and the existence of sets of rules for treatment incapable to ever cover the variety of features encountered in practice must always be doubted.
BOLI EMERGENTE ŞI RE-EMERGENTE – AMENINŢAREA CONTINUĂ
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, Vâţă Andrei , Dorobăţ Carmen ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, Vâţă Luminiţa Gina ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, Luca Cătălina Mihaela ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi
Published: August 2021

Bolile infecţioase au urmărit dezvoltarea omului încă din cele mai fragede timpuri, deseori influenţând-o în mod esenţial. Considerate ca o „specie“ pe cale de dispariţie în a doua jumătate a secolului al XX-lea, acestea continuă să constituie o ameninţare considerabilă asupra sănătăţii individuale sau a celei publice. Perfecţionarea tehnicilor de diagnostic, schimbările climatice, creşterea mobilităţii populaţiei, scăderea acoperii vaccinale sunt doar câţiva factori care au contribuit în ultimii ani la apariţia şi răspândirea rapidă unor noi agenţi patogeni sau a reapariţiei unor boli considerate de acum istorice. Majoritatea acestor agenţi infecţioşi (Zika, Ebola, Chikungunya, MERS, SARS, noile virusuri gripale), pentru care există puţine resurse terapeutice, au stat la baza unor izbucniri epidemice cu caracter regional sau global, ce au generat îngrijorarea comunităţii medicale, deseori panică la nivelul populaţiei şi pierderi economice semnificative. Comunitatea internaţională şi medicală s-a mobilizat şi implicat din punct de vedere financiar, logistic, uneori cu sacrificiul propriei vieţi în combaterea acestor noi ameninţări. Înţelegerea rapidă a procesului epidemiologic, a patogeniei, dezvoltarea metodelor de diagnostic şi prevenţie au contribuit în multe cazuri la limitarea răspândirii bolilor emergente şi constituie baza pentru combaterea lor în viitor.
PERICARDITA TUBERCULOASĂ, O PATOLOGIE ACTUALĂ ÎN PEDIATRIE – PREZENTARE DE CAZ ŞI DATE DIN LITERATURĂ
Authors:   Clinica Pediatrie I, Târgu-Mureş, Meliţ Lorena Elena , Mărginean Cristina Oana ,   Clinica Pediatrie I, Târgu-Mureş, Rolea George ,   Clinica Obstetrică şi Ginecologie I, Târgu-Mureş, Săsăran Vlăduţ Ştefan ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie, Târgu-Mureş, Mărginean Cristian Dan ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie, Târgu-Mureş
Published: August 2021

Tuberculoza este una din cele mai frecvente patologii infecţioase, reprezentând o problemă majoră de sănătate publică globală, cu incidenţă crescută la vârsta pediatrică. Prezentăm cazul unui pacient în vârstă de 15 ani, care a fost internat în clinica noastră pentru febră, stare de rău, vărsături, tuse productivă, ameţeli şi dureri toracice. Antecedentele personale patologice au subliniat faptul că pacientul a mai prezentat dureri toracice în urmă cu aproximativ 6 luni, care au fost interpretate ca nevralgie intercostală. Analizele de laborator au evidenţiat: leucocitoză, neutrofilie, monocitoză, probe inflamatorii crescute şi hiponatremie. Ecocardiografia a evidenţiat pericardită lichidiană. În ciuda tratamentului antibiotic cu spectru larg, cantitatea de lichid pericardic a crescut, astfel că s-a efectuat puncţie pericardică. Datorită evoluţiei lent favorabile şi a rezultatelor testelor uzuale negative din lichidul de puncţie, am efectuat de asemenea teste bazate pe reacţia în lanţ a polimerazei, care au identificat ADN-ul bacterian în lichid stabilind astfel diagnosticul de pericardită tuberculoasă. Particularitatea cazului constă în diagnosticarea unei pericardite TBC la un adolescent de sex masculin, în vârstă de 15 ani, care a mai prezentat dureri toracice în antecedentele personale recente, doar pe baza identificării ADN-ului M. tuberculosis din lichidul pericardic, în lipsa altor teste pozitive pentru această infecţie.
TROMBOZA DE SINUS VENOS TRANSVERS STÂNG ASOCIATĂ MENINGITEI PNEUMOCOCICE LA COPIL – DIAGNOSTIC INTUITIV VS. COGNITIV
Authors:   Spitalul de Boli Infecţioase „Sfânta Parascheva“, Iaşi, România, Obreja Maria , Vlad Liliana ,   Spitalul de Boli Infecţioase „Sfânta Parascheva“, Iaşi, România, Miftode Radu ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Ceasovschih Alexandr ,   Clinica a II-a de Medicină Internă, Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă „Sf. Spiridon“, Iaşi, România, Miftode Egidia ,   Spitalul de Boli Infecţioase „Sfânta Parascheva“, Iaşi, România,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, România
Published: August 2021

Introducere. Tromboza venoasă cerebrală (TVC) este o afecţiune cerebrovasculară rară cu multiple etiologii. Diagnosticul de TVC este în general obişnuit trecut cu vederea sau întârziat din cauza simptomatologiei extrem de variate, modalităţilor de debut şi semnelor neuroimagistice; mai mult, în peste 15% din cazuri, nu poate fi decelată o cauză, rezultatul individual poate fi greu de prezis, iar boala se poate complica în pofida tratamentului anticoagulant. Material şi metode. Prezentăm un caz tipic de meningită care în ziua 10 de boală asociază o simptomatologie nu foarte tipică ce pledează spre TVC. Rezultate. Examenele imagistice nu pot nici infirma, nici confirma prezenţa trombului. Un caz a cărui evoluţie se agravează progresiv şi pentru care nu există susţinerea imagistică de a aborda o anumită conduită terapeutică îngreunează decizia terapeutică a medicului. Discuţii. Problematica ridicată se concentrează pe ipoteza conform căreia dacă medicaţia anticoagulantăpoate aduce un beneficiu pacientului sau, dimpotrivă, un prejudiciu medicului curant aflat în improbabilitate diagnostică, printr-o evoluţie ulterioară nefavorabilă a stării clinice a pacientului. Concluzii. Raţionamentul creierului uman format în ani de experienţă nu poate fi încă tehnologizat, cu atât mai puţin înlocuit de vreun robot, iar existenţa unor seturi de reguli de tratament, care nu pot acoperi niciodată varietatea de particularităţi ce se poate întâlni în practică, trebuie pusă întotdeauna la îndoială.
INDIVIDUAL POST-STROKE HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES AND HEART RATE REGULATION
Authors:   Bakulev Scientific Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mamalyga Maxim , Mamalyga Leonid ,   Department of Anatomy and Human and Animal Physiology of Institute Biology and Chemistry of  Moscow State university of education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective. Ischemic stroke increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Our study aimed to identify individual hemodynamic changes and the regulation of heart rate after ischemic stroke in animals with different functionalities heart. Methods. The work was carried out on male Wistar rats, weighing 280–320 g. The following methods were used to study: photoinduced local IS, functional tests, telemetry monitoring ECG, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging. Results. In the subacute period of IS, animals with low and high heart functional capacity (HFC) show hemodynamic compromises of various severity. During the recovery period, the suppressed activity of the majority of heart rate variability, which took place in the acute and subacute periods, persisted in the animals with low HFC. In animals with high HFC, nature of the autonomic heart regulation did not differ from the controls. Conclusion. Risk of cardiovascular complications and prospect of recovery after stroke are not only associated with character of cerebral lesions, but also with individual heart functional capacities.
STROKE AND ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS – DECISION MAKING AT THE TURNING OF AGES
Authors:   Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bucharest, Tiu Vlad Eugen , Ribigan Athena ,   Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bucharest, Badea Raluca ,   Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bucharest, Bajenaru Ovidiu ,   Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bucharest,   Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
Published: August 2021

CLOSE and Gore-REDUCE trials have recently changed the way we approach patients with stroke and patent foramen ovale. We present the case of a young patient with an Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) and an atrial septal defect causing a large right-to-left shunt, with an ample discussion on evidence-based decision making.
COGNITIVE DECLINE IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Pirscoveanu Denisa Floriana Vasilica , Tudorica Valerica ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Zaharia Cornelia ,   Department of Neurology, Hospital Of Neuropsychiatry, Craiova, Albu Carmen Valeria ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Bondari Simona ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Stovicek Puiu Olivian ,   Titu Maiorescu University, Tg. Jiu, Pirscoveanu Mircea ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova
Published: August 2021

The goal of our study was to assess the cognitive state in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD). We studied 62 patients (30 men and 32 women, mean age 71.1± 4.5 years and mean educational level 11.5 ± 1 years). They were admitted to the Clinic of Neurology from Craiova between January 2015 – January 2016 for Parkinson’s disease. All the patients met the diagnostic criteria for Parkinson′s disease. In this study we included only patients in stage I and II on Hoehn and Yahr scale. 35 patients were in stage I and 27 patients in stage II. The patients were treated with levo-dopa monotherapy or dopaminergic agonists monotherapy. We have also included in our study a control group composed of 70 control subjects with the same range of educational level and age. To assess the cognitive state we tested the patients using Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) and the revised version of the Addenbrooke′s Cognitive Examination (ACE-R) at baseline, after 6 months and one year later. For the statistical analyse, we used Student test (p<0.05 statistically considerable). At baseline the patient group showed a mean CAMCOG score 92.5 and a mean ACE-R score 89.6. The control subjects showed a mean CAMCOG score 94.3 and a mean ACE-R score 90.2. One year later the patient group showed a mean CAMCOG score 83.5 and 84.3 mean ACE-R score. The control group showed a mean CAMCOG score 90.2 and mean ACE-R score 88.3. The patients with PD showed a greater cognitive impairment than the control subjects. We observed that the patients in stage II Hoehn and Yahr had a greater cognitive impairment than patients in stage I. We have also seen in patient group a cognitive decline across every ACE-R and CAMCOG cognitive domaine.
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL ON EFFECT OF TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY ON HEADACHE RELATED DISABILITY AND IMPACT OF HEADACHE ON LIFE OF MIGRAINEURS
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Malik Manoj , Singh Shailendra Kumar ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India, Arumugam Narkeesh ,   Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University, Patiala
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Migraine is a public health problem of great impact on patients as well as society. Migraine prophylaxis requires daily administration of anti-migraine compounds whether or not migraine attack is occurring. All the drugs used for migraine prevention have potential and often relevant adverse effect or contraindications. The purpose of present study was to evaluate efficacy of non-pharmacological management techniques like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) on headache related disability and impact of headaches on life of patients suffering from migraine. Methodology. Sixty six subjects fulfilling the selection criteria were recruited for the study. They were randomly allocated into three groups. Group one received TDCS, Group 2 received CBT, and Group 3 (Control group) did not receive any treatment. Participants were asked to fi ll HDI and HIT 6 prior to start of intervention, post intervention and at follow up. Collected data was analyzed for statistical significance. Results. We found a significant decrease in HDI and HIT 6 scores in TDCS and CBT Group as compared to Control Group. This improvement was maintained during follow up period. Conclusion. TDCS and CBT can be effective in decreasing headache related disability and impact of headache on daily life in patients suffering from Migraine.
SEQUENTIAL HEMORRHAGE IN TWO LESIONS OF MULTIPLE CEREBRAL CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Buzoianu Dan-Sorin , Munteanu Maria-Irina ,   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Frasineanu Armand ,   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Mihailescu Radu-Dan ,   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Marin Georgiana ,   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Ciuciulete Alina-Lucia ,   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Cocianga Iuliana ,   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Popescu Bogdan Ovidiu ,   Department of Neurology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
Published: August 2021

We present the case of a 64-year old female, with a 5 year history of symptomatic multiple cerebral cavernomas, who developed paresthesia in the right leg and arm, followed by vertigo, slurred speech and forward gaze diplopia. Brain investigation revealed two lesions with supra- and infratentorial localization with signs of recent hemorrhage of different ages. The localization of the lesions in the midpons and the basal ganglia imposed a conservative approach.
SEVEN STEPS TO DIAGNOSE DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID DEFICIENCY PORPHYRIA
Authors:   Department of Neurology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Grigore Adriana , Tiu Vlad ,   Department of Neurology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Terecoasa Elena ,   Department of Neurology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Tatu Lavinia ,   Department of Neurology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Cobzaru Ana ,   Department of Neurology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Tiu Cristina ,   Department of Neurology, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest
Published: August 2021

Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase porphyria (ADP) is a rare cause of acute polyneuropathy. It should be part of the differential diagnosis in every patient presenting with polyneuropathy and elevated liver enzymes. Genetic, acquired and environmental factors can play a role in the clinical manifestations and there are several steps in reaching the diagnosis. We present the case of a male patient with at least two possible causes for his symptoms, the diagnostic process and the outcome.
Upah Minimum, Skala Upah dan Produktifitas Kerja
Authors: Tuwinanto Tuwinanto , Rahadi Dedi Rianto
Published: August 2021

The minimum wage in Indonesia is one that is often discussed in the industrial world, this is because there are still some companies that implement a wage system that does not include a wage scale instrument, one of which is the period of work. So that it causes disharmony between old workers and new workers and can make internal communication not run smoothly.
Gaya Kepemimpinan, Iklim Organisasi, Kompensasi dan Kedisiplinan Guru
Authors: Al'asqolaini Muchsin Zuhad
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the Impact of Leadership Style, Organizational Climate, and Compensation on the Discipline of Teachers in Mamba'ul Ihsan Ujungpangkah Gresik while partially and also simultaneously. Quantitative methods is used in this research with a 38 total population and also as sample. Saturated sampling techniques is used for method. The analysis in this research includes: validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination analysis (R²), t test and F test. The results of multiple linear regression analysis obtained by the regression equation Y = 1.140 + 0.202X1 + 0.641X2 + 0.269X3 + e. To find out the strength of the relationship between variable X and Y, a statistical calculation using the correlation coefficient formula is obtained R Square = 0.627. This shows that all variable are have a strong relationship. The statistical test found that partially the influence of leadership style on teacher discipline obtained a figure of 2,078. and than organizational climate on the discipline of teachers obtained a figure of 5,191. The effect of compensation on the discipline of teachers obtained a figure of 2,857. the leadership style, organizational climate, and compensation simultaneously had a significant impact on discipline, this can be seen from the calculated F value of 19.072.
Two Steps Forward and One Step Sideways: The Propagation of Relativistic Jets in Realistic Binary Neutron Star Merger Ejecta
Authors: Lazzati Davide , Perna Rosalba , Ciolfi Riccardo , Giacomazzo Bruno , López-Cámara Diego , Morsony Brian
Published: August 2021

The association of GRB170817A with GW170817 has confirmed the long-standing hypothesis that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are the progenitors of at least some short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). This connection has ushered in an era in which broadband observations of SGRBs, together with measurements of the time delay between the gravitational waves and the electromagnetic radiation, allow for probing the properties of the emitting outflow and its engine to an unprecedented detail. Because the structure of the radiating outflow is molded by the interaction of a relativistic jet with the binary ejecta, it is of paramount importance to study the system in a realistic setting. Here we present a three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of a relativistic jet propagating in the ejecta of a BNS merger, which were computed with a general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation. We find that the jet’s centroid oscillates around the axis of the system, due to inhomogeneities encountered in the propagation. These oscillations allow the jet to find the path of least resistance and travel faster than an identical jet in smooth ejecta. In our setup the breakout time is ∼0.6 s, which is comparable to the expected central engine duration in SGRBs and possibly a non-negligible fraction of the total delay between the gravitational and gamma-ray signals. Our simulation also shows that energy is carried in roughly equal amounts by the jet and by the cocoon, and that about 20% of the injected energy is transferred to the ejecta via mechanical work.
Core Mass Function of a Single Giant Molecular Cloud Complex with ∼10,000 Cores
Authors: Cao Yue , Qiu Keping , Zhang Qizhou , Wang Yuwei , Xiao Yuanming
Published: August 2021

Similarity in shape between the initial mass function (IMF) and the core mass functions (CMFs) in star-forming regions prompts the idea that the IMF originates from the CMF through a self-similar core-to-star mass mapping process. To accurately determine the shape of the CMF, we create a sample of 8431 cores with the dust continuum maps of the Cygnus X giant molecular cloud complex, and design a procedure for deriving the CMF considering the mass uncertainty, binning uncertainty, sample incompleteness, and the statistical errors. The resultant CMF coincides well with the IMF for core masses from a few M
⊙ to the highest masses of 1300 M
⊙ with a power-law of

dN

/

dM
∝

M

−
2.30
±
0.04

, but does not present an obvious flattened turnover in the low-mass range as the IMF does. More detailed inspection reveals that the slope of the CMF steepens with increasing mass. Given the numerous high-mass star-forming activities of Cygnus X, this is in stark contrast with the existing top-heavy CMFs found in high-mass star-forming clumps. We also find that the similarity between the IMF and the mass function of cloud structures is not unique at core scales, but can be seen for cloud structures of up to several parsec scales. Finally, our SMA observations toward a subset of the cores do not present evidence for the self-similar mapping. The latter two results indicate that the shape of the IMF may not be directly inherited from the CMF.
The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART): Planetary Defense Investigations and Requirements
Authors: Rivkin Andrew S. , Chabot Nancy L. , Stickle Angela M. , Thomas Cristina A. , Richardson Derek C. , Barnouin Olivier , Fahnestock Eugene G. , Ernst Carolyn M. , Cheng Andrew F. , Chesley Steven , Naidu Shantanu , Statler Thomas S. , Barbee Brent , Agrusa Harrison , Moskovitz Nicholas , Terik Daly R. , Pravec Petr , Scheirich Petr , Dotto Elisabetta , Della Corte Vincenzo , Michel Patrick , Küppers Michael , Atchison Justin , Hirabayashi Masatoshi
Published: August 2021

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is a Planetary Defense mission, designed to demonstrate the kinetic impactor technique on (65803) Didymos I Dimorphos, the secondary of the (65803) Didymos system. DART has four level 1 requirements to meet in order to declare mission success: (1) impact Dimorphos between 2022 September 25 and October 2, (2) cause at least a 73 s change in its binary orbit period via the impact, (3) measure the change in binary period to an uncertainty of 7.3 s or less, and (4) measure the momentum transfer efficiency (β) of the impact and characterize the resulting effects of the impact. The data necessary to achieve these requirements will be obtained and analyzed by the DART Investigation Team. We discuss the rationales for the data to be gathered, the analyses to be undertaken, and how mission success will be achieved.
Studies on the Stenothemus harmandi species-group (Coleoptera, Cantharidae), with descriptions of two new species from China
Authors: Ge Shujuan , Yang Xingke , Liu Haoyu , Yang Yuxia
Published: August 2021

The Stenothemus harmandi species-group has 10 species at present. They are S. harmandi (Bourgeois, 1902) (located in N. India, Nepal); S. holosericus Švihla, 2005, S. orbiculatus Švihla, 2005 and S. subnitidus Švihla, 2005 (N. India); S. distortirudis Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014, S. laticollis Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014, S. parallelus Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 and S. septimus Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 (China: Xizang); S. fugongensis Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 (China: Yunnan) and S. leishanensis Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 (China: Guizhou). In the present study, two previously-known species are classified into this species-group, S. dentatus Wittmer, 1974 and S. alexandrae Švihla, 2004, of which the latter as a subspecies of the former is upgraded to the specific level and another two new species are discovered and described.

Two new species of the Stenothemus harmandi species-group are described, S. acuticollis sp. n. (China: Yunnan) and S. nigricolor sp. n. (China: Xizang), which are illustrated with habitus photos and aedeagi of males, abdominal sternites VIII and internal genitalia of females. S. alexandrae Švihla, 2004 stat. n. is upgraded from a subspecies of S. dentatus Wittmer, 1974 and the two species are classified into this species-group. Characters of the female reproductive system are described for the first time for the following species: S. distortirudis Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014; S. laticollis Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014; S. leishanensis Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014; S. orbiculatus Švihla, 2005; S. septimus Y. Yang & X. Yang, 2014 and S. subnitidus Švihla, 2005. Meanwhile, some additional distribution information is added for previously-described species. A key for the identification of all species is updated.
A new species of wood lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from the Río Huallaga Basin in Central Peru
Authors: Venegas Pablo J. , Chávez Germán , García-Ayachi Luis A. , Duran Vilma , Torres-Carvajal Omar
Published: August 2021

We report the discovery of a new species of Enyalioides from the premontane forest of the Río Huallaga basin in central Peru. The most similar and phylogenetically related species are E. binzayedi and E. rudolfarndti. However, the new species differs from E. binzayedi (state of character in parentheses) by having dorsal scales strongly keeled on paravertebral region and feebly keeled or smooth elsewhere (prominent medial keel on each dorsal scale), more dorsals in transverse row between dorsolateral crests at midbody 26–39, x̄ = 30.44 (22–31, x̄ = 27.57), and a conspicuous posteromedial black patch in the gular region of males (absent). Contrarily, adult males of the new species and E. rudolfarndti are readily distinguished by having a conspicuous posteromedial black patch in the gular region, absent in E. rudolfarndti, and by lacking a conspicuous orange blotch (faint if present) on the antehumeral region, as in E. rudolfarndti. We also present an updated molecular phylogenetic tree of hoplocercines, which strongly supports both referral of the newly discovered species to Enyalioides and its status as distinct from those recognized previously.
How can integrated morphotaxonomy- and metabarcoding-based diatom assemblage analyses best contribute to the ecological assessment of streams?
Authors: Pissaridou Panayiota , Cantonati Marco , Bouchez Agnes , Tziortzis Iakovos , Dörflinger Gerald , Vasquez Marlen I.
Published: August 2021

Environmental conditions, such as nutrient concentrations, salinity, elevation etc., shape diatom assemblages of periphytic biofilms. These assemblages respond rapidly to environmental changes, a fact which makes diatoms valuable bioindicators. Hence, freshwater biomonitoring programmes currently use diatom indices (e.g. EU Water Framework Directive - WFD). To date, microscopy-based assessments require high taxonomic expertise for diatom identification at the species level. High-throughput technologies now provide cost-effective identification approaches that are promising, complementary or alternative tools for bioassessment. The suitability of the metabarcoding method is evaluated for the first time in the Cyprus streams WFD monitoring network, an eastern Mediterranean country with many endemic species and results are compared to the results acquired from the morphotaxonomic analysis. Morphotaxonomic identification was conducted microscopically, using the most updated taxonomic concepts, literature and online resources. At the same time, DNA metabarcoding involved the use of the rbcL 312 bp barcode, high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The ecological status was calculated using the IPS Index. Results show a positive correlation between morpho-taxonomic and molecular IPS scores. Discrepancies between the two methodologies are related to the limitations of both techniques. This study confirmed that Fistulifera saprophila can have a crucial role in key differences observed, as it negatively influences IPS scores and microscopy methods frequently overlook it. Importantly, gaps in the DNA barcoding reference databases lead to a positive overestimation in IPS scores. Overall, we conclude that DNA metabarcoding offsets the morphotaxonomic methodology for the ecological quality assessment of freshwaters.
L’inexorable dérive du système financier
Authors: Levy-Garboua Vivien , Maarek Gérard
Published: August 2021

Le système monétaire et financier des pays développés est en évolution constante, reflétant les changements majeurs de leur environnement technologique, politique et social. Après le « capitalisme national administré » de l’après-guerre et le « capitalisme libéral mondialisé » des années 1980-2010, nous entrons dans une ère nouvelle, où les crises systémiques s’enchaînent, mettant un coup d’arrêt à la mondialisation et au multilatéralisme. On assiste dès lors à une remise en cause des principes de gestion qui prévalaient naguère et à la tutelle croissante des États. Nous caractérisons sept évolutions qui résultent de la lente dérive du cadre financier, qui vont bouleverser la politique monétaire et le rôle des banques centrales dans la décennie à venir. Cette dérive inexorable entraîne le système financier vers les eaux dangereuses de l’inflation et de la « répression financière ». Classification JEL : B26, E50, E51, E52, E58, G01, G21, G23, G28
Le shadow banking : forme structurelle du capitalisme bancaire financiarisé
Authors: Tadjeddine Yamina
Published: August 2021

La crise de 2008 avait stigmatisé le système bancaire parallèle ou banque de l’ombre comme un travers du système bancaire traditionnel, résultat de comportements opportunistes cherchant à profiter des trous de la réglementation. Certains avaient réclamé sa disparition. Loin d’avoir disparu, le shadow banking a poursuivi son essor. Il ne peut plus être abordé comme un phénomène marginal, mais doit désormais être analysé comme une « forme structurelle » du système financier et bancaire contemporain : il façonne le rôle et les fonctions des acteurs majeurs du système économique (État, banque centrale), en assure la viabilité, mais aussi est au cœur de sa fragilité. Cet article souligne le rôle essentiel du shadow banking dans la transformation de la hiérarchie de la liquidité monétaire (1 ère  partie) et dans le maintien des activités bancaires et financières malgré un contexte économique dégradé (2 e  partie). Classification JEL : G23, G28
Analyse comparée de l’intermédiation financière dans la zone euro et aux États-Unis
Authors: Choulet Céline , Quignon Laurent
Published: August 2021

Au lendemain de la crise financière de 2008, la zone euro a connu une profonde reconfiguration de son système financier. À défaut de bénéficier des facteurs clés qui ont soutenu le développement de la finance de marché aux États-Unis, le mode de financement de l’économie européenne ne s’en est pas pour autant trouvé radicalement transformé. Si les modalités d’intervention des banques centrales étaient, de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, adaptées aux physionomies respectives des systèmes financiers, les crises récentes ont contribué à réduire leur polarisation. Il apparaît, enfin, que les structures de financement des économies n’ont pas tant d’effet sur la nature des contreparties de la masse monétaire que sur la taille de cette dernière en proportion de la richesse nationale. Deux singularités américaines (la relative concomitance des entrées et des sorties de capitaux et la titrisation de créances) contribuent à expliquer ce phénomène. Classification JEL : G2, G15, N20
Vers un investissement vraiment responsable ?
Authors: Vuillemey Guillaume
Published: August 2021

La « responsabilité sociale » des investisseurs est au cœur de nombreux débats actuels. Cet article interroge le passé et le futur de ce concept. Tout d’abord, il montre que l’« investissement socialement responsable » est historiquement une contradiction dans les termes : la figure de l’investisseur– un apporteur de capitaux qui ne s’implique pas dans la gestion d’une entreprise – n’a pu apparaître que le jour où la responsabilité des actionnaires a été limitée. Comprendre la révolution qu’a été la généralisation de la responsabilité limitée permet ensuite d’éclairer nombre de débats contemporains sur l’investissement « socialement responsable » et de mettre en évidence ses limites. Enfin, cet article plaide en faveur de formes alternatives, plus fortes, de responsabilité des investisseurs qui, si elles étaient introduites, bouleverseraient en profondeur l’intermédiation financière. Classification JEL : G10, G32
L’intermédiation bancaire : la grande transformation
Authors: Plihon Dominique
Published: August 2021

L’intermédiation bancaire a constamment évolué au cours des dernières décennies pour s’adapter aux mutations de l’environnement économique et réglementaire. Cet article retrace les principales étapes de cette transformation, qui va de la banque « ennuyeuse » de la période des Trente Glorieuses jusqu’au stade actuel du shadow banking , au cœur de la grande crise financière de 2008. Une typologie comparée des principales formes d’intermédiation est présentée. Les développements récents et à venir de l’intermédiation bancaire dans le contexte de la révolution numérique sont également analysés. Classification JEL : G21, G23, G24, G28, G42, N24
Un débat récurrent : séparer le crédit et la monnaie
Authors: Meunier François
Published: August 2021

Jusqu’où doit-on aller dans la séparation du métier de crédit et du métier de gestion des dépôts (et donc de la monnaie) au sein du système bancaire ? Voici un débat qui prend une vigueur nouvelle aujourd’hui que l’article se propose de reprendre à la lumière de l’histoire monétaire. Les arguments échangés au cours de deux derniers siècles gardent en effet toute leur actualité. On s’attache particulièrement aux épisodes majeurs qu’ont été la mise en place de deux réformes monétaires : celle de 1844 au Royaume-Uni et celle de 1935 aux États-Unis. Ce débat est relancé aujourd’hui à la suite de la rupture technologique majeure advenue depuis une décennie dans les moyens de paiement. Ce qui était souhaité par les tenants de la séparation des deux métiers ne va-t-il pas devenir incontournable en raison de la montée en régime des monnaies numériques, notamment et surtout celles émises par les banques centrales ? Classification JEL : B26, E50, E51, G01, G21, G23, G28
La concentration du secteur bancaire européen : un problème dont la mesure reste à prendre
Authors: Couppey-Soubeyran Jézabel , Nicolas Théo
Published: August 2021

La concentration du secteur bancaire européen pourrait à nouveau augmenter avec la crise sanitaire. Son impact sur la solidité du secteur et la disponibilité des financements est souvent discuté, sa mesure beaucoup moins. Or nous attirons l’attention dans cet article sur un aspect problématique des mesures de concentration ou de pouvoir de marché. Celles-ci sont généralement réalisées à partir de données non consolidées, ce qui revient à ignorer le pouvoir de marché national des groupes. Il en résulte une sous-estimation que nous proposons de corriger. Notre correction, réalisée à partir des données SURFI de la Banque de France, rehausse d’environ 30 points de pourcentage la part de l’actif des cinq plus grandes banques résidentes dans l’actif total du secteur bancaire français. Cette sous-estimation n’est pas neutre du point de vue des politiques prudentielles : la concentration ne constitue pas le même problème à l’évidence selon qu’on l’évalue à 50 % ou à 80 %. Classification JEL : D4, G21, G28
Quête de rendements et crise de la Covid-19 : la crise systémique fantôme
Authors: Boucher Christophe , Kouontchou Patrick
Published: August 2021

La faiblesse persistante et structurelle des taux d’intérêt s’est accompagnée d’une prise de risque accrue de la part des investisseurs sur les marchés financiers faisant craindre une plus grande fragilité financière et une crise d’ampleur systémique émanant du shadow banking . Cette augmentation de la prise de risque s’observe chez différents types d’investisseurs (de l’investisseur individuel à l’investisseur institutionnel) et à travers différents mécanismes (comportementaux et incitatifs). Le choc sanitaire et économique de la pandémie de Covid-19 ne s’est pourtant pas transformé (à ce jour) en une crise systémique parce qu’il a touché principalement des secteurs peu représentés sur les marchés financiers et surtout en raison d’un policy mix inédit de par son ampleur et sa rapidité. Ce faisant, la politique monétaire a encore accru la faiblesse des taux d’intérêt et des rendements obligataires. Classification JEL : E43, E58, G01, G11, G23
Éthique et spiritualité en entreprise : quand droit et religion se déformalisent
Authors: Christians Louis-Léon
Published: August 2021

Le retour de référents spirituels en management est interrogé au regard du statut juridique du religieux et de l’éthique en entreprise. Deux moments de déformalisation sont liés à ce référent qui brouille les frontières avec les perceptions classiques du religieux, et déstabilise le rapport à toute normativité religieuse et juridique. S’y joue la réaffirmation d’une spontanéité personnelle tant envers le religieux (ou le philosophique) qu’envers la pratique de toute vie collective. Ce double mouvement de déformalisation et de relégitimation porte toutefois le double enjeu d’un rapport nouveau à la diversité des repères normatifs, et à leur interaction dans une communauté éthique réflexive.
Éthique-spiritualité, théologie analogique et cultures
Authors: Kabeya François
Published: August 2021

La technoscience, l’individualisme et la sécularisation, loin d’apporter des réponses à toutes les questions du sens que l’homme peut se poser, créent parfois un vide qu’ils ne peuvent combler. C’est, dirions-nous, pour habiter ce vide que l’éthique et la spiritualité peuvent s’articuler pour approcher le mouvement de vie qui pose le sujet dans l’existence. Il y a de l’ouverture par la spiritualité qui élargit des horizons de la quête de sens jusqu’à faire place à la théologie. Mais quelle présence théologique serait à même de rendre compte de sa pertinence de manière audible ? La théologie analogique pourrait non seulement prendre place dans les débats contemporains mais aussi traverser les cultures les reliant par l’identification et la reconnaissance du partageable qui remonte sur le fond des particularités socioculturelles.
Spiritualité et santé : un laboratoire pour faire dialoguer les traditions religieuses et l’éthique biomédicale ?
Authors: Fino Catherine
Published: August 2021

Cet article vise à surmonter les tensions récurrentes entre les différentes disciplines du soin et les traditions religieuses qui avaient jusque-là l’exclusivité de l’accompagnement spirituel, ainsi qu’entre l’éthique biomédicale et la théologie, qui s’accusent réciproquement d’imposer une approche réductrice et particulière. Pour motiver le dialogue, il faut dépasser une analyse historique purement structurale qui oppose tradition et modernité et analyser par exemple comment une tradition de charité hospitalière a su réguler et conférer du sens à des gestes de soin pour favoriser le respect de la liberté et de l’intimité des personnes, ou proposer d’apprendre à vivre avec un corps malade de manière suffisamment heureuse. La redécouverte des vertus du support réciproque entre les différents acteurs du soin peut permettre encore aujourd’hui de favoriser l’interdisciplinarité.
Why Criteria for Successful Completion Matter
Authors: Graebe Jennifer , Dickerson Pamela S.
Published: August 2021

American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) educational design requirements include determination of the criteria learners need to meet in order to earn contact hours for participation in an activity. This column explores the purpose for that requirement, how the determination is made, how information is shared with learners, and how the plan is implemented in the context of the educational activity.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(9):400–401.]
Getting Better Together: The Two-Team Training Approach in Simulation-Based Education
Authors: Clapper Timothy C.
Published: August 2021

Most clinical cases involve more than one nurse and one profession in the patient care plan, and so it can be stated that health care is very often a team event. In this article, I describe a two-team training approach that is very effective for maximizing learning and preparing high-performing teams in several team-based courses. This strategy exemplifies the power of vicarious learning and learning through imitation. Benefits of the two-team training approach in simulation-based education may include: (1) improved use of training time; (2) increased training volume; (3) recognition, correction, and immediate application of desired behaviors; (4) an improved simulation do-over process; (5) improvement in self-efficacy; and (6) applicable use of research and evidence-based educational practices. The two-team approach is an educational strategy that is supported by research and sound educational learning theories and should be considered for inclusion in organizational continuing education training plans.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(9):417–422.]
An Educational Intervention for Mental Health Staff to Assess Clients' Diabetic Self-Care Skills for Self-Management and Safe Transition into the Community
Authors: Crang Mary C. , Savage Teresa A. , Schraeder Cheryl
Published: August 2021

The current project's objective was to increase mental health assessor's knowledge about type 2 diabetes after attending a nurse practitioner's presentation. Mental health assessors, primarily social workers, help transition individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and comorbidities from inpatient nursing homes back into the community. The assessor's knowledge about individual comorbidities, such as diabetes, is crucial for a successful long-term community transition. Mental health assessors were given the Diabetes Knowledge Test 2 pre- and post-educational intervention. The post-test intervention revealed assessors' knowledge increased by 25% in knowledge about diabetes and 225% in ability to use a glucometer. Mental health assessors also maintained their increased knowledge 3 months post-intervention. Emboldened with this knowledge, mental health assessors are better prepared to facilitate safe transfer of individuals with diabetes and SMI back into the community. Mental health assessors may also help prevent unnecessary emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60
(2), 27–32.]
Health Literacy Does Not Protect Against Underage Alcohol Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Parizek Rebecca A.
Published: August 2021

Limited health literacy (HL) and alcohol use increase teens' risk for preventable disease burden and adverse outcomes. In the current study, relationships between HL and alcohol use were explored in 39 secondary school students sheltering-at-home during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. HL was assessed using the Newest Vital Sign. Alcohol use was assessed with questions from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Most students (76.9%) had adequate HL. Males had higher HL than females. Many teens (42.9%) reported drinking and recent alcohol use (18.2%). Drunk driving and riding with someone under the influence were comparable to the YRBS. Lifetime and recent alcohol use and positive alcohol expectancies were comparable among teens with adequate and limited HL. More teens with adequate HL had negative expectancies. Only teens with adequate HL reported recent binge drinking (10.3%), drunk driving (10.5%), or riding with someone under the influence (17.9%). Adequate HL does not protect teens from alcohol use and misuse. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(12), 13–21.]