bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Del trastorno del diálogo tónico a la inestabilidad psicomotriz: Taxonomía diagnóstica
Authors: Boscaini Franco , Cachón Zagalaz Javier , Díaz Suárez Arturo
Published: January 2022

The goal of this work is to deepen the relationship between hyperactivity and tonic dialogue, by considering the body as a common element of communication even if their psychomotor manifestations and meanings are different during development. While tonic dialogue is vital for the child in the constitution of the attachment bond, psychomotor instability is the expression of a difficulty in relating to reality. In the clinic it is difficult to place instability in international diagnostic classifications, due to the multi-problematic nature and variability of expressions of it. Research confirms the consequences of a disorder of tonic dialogue, constituting a model on which future behaviors will be organized. The authors hypothesize that each stage of the body communication, if lived with difficulty, constitutes a matrix on which diversified expressions of instability will be structured. The intent, therefore, is to collect theoretical-clinical material in order to subsequently make a diagnostic classification of psychomotor instability.

El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en la relación entre hiperactividad y diálogo tónico al considerar el cuerpo como elemento común de comunicación, aunque sus manifestaciones psicomotoras y significados sean diferentes durante el desarrollo. Mientras que el diálogo tónico es vital para que el niño establezca el vínculo de apego, la inestabilidad psicomotora es la expresión de una dificultad para relacionarse con la realidad. La complejidad y variabilidad de los cuadros clínicos dificulta su ubicación en las clasificaciones diagnósticas internacionales. La investigación luego confirma las consecuencias del trastorno del diálogo tónico, constituyendo un modelo sobre el que se organizarán los comportamientos futuros. Los autores plantean la hipótesis de que cada etapa del diálogo tónico, si se vive con dificultad, constituye una matriz sobre la que se estructurarán diversas expresiones de inestabilidad. La intención es recopilar material teórico-clínico para posteriormente realizar una clasificación diagnóstica de la inestabilidad psicomotora.
EFFECT OF RISK-SENSITIVE STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL CONTROL WITH TRACKING IN AN EVAPORATOR
Authors: Alcorta García María Aracelia , MENDEZ DIAZ SANTOS , SAENZ  ESQUEDA JOSE ARMANDO , MENDEZ DIAZ GERARDO MAXIMILIANO , ELIZONDO VILLAREAL NORA , MARTINEZ FLORES MIRNA MARICELA
Published: January 2022

This work presents an application of the Risk-Sensitive (R-S) control with tracking applied to a stochastic nonlinear system which models the operation of an electronic expansion valve (EEV) in a conventional evaporator. A novel dynamical stochastic equation represents the mathematical model of the evaporator system. The R-S stochastic optimal problem consists of the design of an optimal control u(t) such that the state reaches setpoint values (SP) and minimizes the exponential quadratic cost function. The presence of disturbances and errors in the sensor measurements is represented by Gauss white noise in the state equation, with the coefficient v(e/(2?^2 )) . One novel characteristic in this proposal is that the coefficient of the control into the state equation contains the state term. The error and exponential quadratic cost function show that the R-S control has a better performance versus the classical PID (Proportional, Integral Derivative) control.
Key Words: Optimal Risk-Sensitive control with tracking, modelling of the evaporator.
Fluorescence activation mechanism and imaging of drug permeation with new sensors for smoking-cessation ligands
Authors: Nichols Aaron L , Blumenfeld Zack , Fan Chengcheng , Luebbert Laura , Blom Annet EM , Cohen Bruce N , Marvin Jonathan S , Borden Philip M , Kim Charlene H , Muthusamy Anand K , Shivange Amol V , Knox Hailey J , Campello Hugo Rego , Wang Jonathan H , Dougherty Dennis A , Looger Loren L , Gallagher Timothy , Rees Douglas C , Lester Henry A
Published: January 2022

Nicotinic partial agonists provide an accepted aid for smoking cessation and thus contribute to decreasing tobacco-related disease. Improved drugs constitute a continued area of study. However, there remains no reductionist method to examine the cellular and subcellular pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds in living cells. Here, we developed new intensity-based drug-sensing fluorescent reporters (iDrugSnFRs) for the nicotinic partial agonists dianicline, cytisine, and two cytisine derivatives – 10-fluorocytisine and 9-bromo-10-ethylcytisine. We report the first atomic-scale structures of liganded periplasmic binding protein-based biosensors, accelerating development of iDrugSnFRs and also explaining the activation mechanism. The nicotinic iDrugSnFRs detect their drug partners in solution, as well as at the plasma membrane (PM) and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cell lines and mouse hippocampal neurons. At the PM, the speed of solution changes limits the growth and decay rates of the fluorescence response in almost all cases. In contrast, we found that rates of membrane crossing differ among these nicotinic drugs by >30-fold. The new nicotinic iDrugSnFRs provide insight into the real-time pharmacokinetic properties of nicotinic agonists and provide a methodology whereby iDrugSnFRs can inform both pharmaceutical neuroscience and addiction neuroscience.
Chlamydomonas ARMC2/PF27 is an obligate cargo adapter for intraflagellar transport of radial spokes
Authors: Lechtreck Karl F , Liu Yi , Dai Jin , Alkhofash Rama A , Butler Jack , Alford Lea , Yang Pinfen
Published: January 2022

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries proteins into flagella but how IFT trains interact with the large number of diverse proteins required to assemble flagella remains largely unknown. Here, we show that IFT of radial spokes in Chlamydomonas requires ARMC2/PF27, a conserved armadillo repeat protein associated with male infertility and reduced lung function. Chlamydomonas ARMC2 was highly enriched in growing flagella and tagged ARMC2 and the spoke protein RSP3 co-migrated on anterograde trains. In contrast, a cargo and an adapter of inner and outer dynein arms moved independently of ARMC2, indicating that unrelated cargoes distribute stochastically onto the IFT trains. After concomitant unloading at the flagellar tip, RSP3 attached to the axoneme whereas ARMC2 diffused back to the cell body. In armc2/pf27 mutants, IFT of radial spokes was abolished and the presence of radial spokes was limited to the proximal region of flagella. We conclude that ARMC2 is a cargo adapter required for IFT of radial spokes to ensure their assembly along flagella. ARMC2 belongs to a growing class of cargo-specific adapters that enable flagellar transport of preassembled axonemal substructures by IFT.
Assessing English language sentences readability using machine learning models
Authors: Maqsood Shazia , Shahid Abdul , Tanvir Afzal Muhammad , Roman Muhammad , Khan Zahid , Nawaz Zubair , Aziz Muhammad Haris
Published: January 2022

Readability is an active field of research in the late nineteenth century and vigorously persuaded to date. The recent boom in data-driven machine learning has created a viable path forward for readability classification and ranking. The evaluation of text readability is a time-honoured issue with even more relevance in today’s information-rich world. This paper addresses the task of readability assessment for the English language. Given the input sentences, the objective is to predict its level of readability, which corresponds to the level of literacy anticipated from the target readers. This readability aspect plays a crucial role in drafting and comprehending processes of English language learning. Selecting and presenting a suitable collection of sentences for English Language Learners may play a vital role in enhancing their learning curve. In this research, we have used 30,000 English sentences for experimentation. Additionally, they have been annotated into seven different readability levels using Flesch Kincaid. Later, various experiments were conducted using five Machine Learning algorithms, i.e., KNN, SVM, LR, NB, and ANN. The classification models render excellent and stable results. The ANN model obtained an F-score of 0.95% on the test set. The developed model may be used in education setup for tasks such as language learning, assessing the reading and writing abilities of a learner.
Pecan agroforestry systems improve soil quality by stimulating enzyme activity
Authors: Wang Zhaocheng , Zhou Mengyu , Liu Hua , Huang Cheng , Ma Yuhua , Ge Hao xin , Ge Xiang , Fu Songling
Published: January 2022

Background

Forest and plantation intercropping are efficient agroforestry systems that optimize land use and promote agroforestry around the world. However, diverse agroforestry systems on the same upper-plantation differently affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

Methods

The treatments for this study included a single cultivation (CK) pecan control and three agroforestry systems (pecan + Paeonia suffruticosa + Hemerocallis citrina, pecan + Paeonia suffruticosa, and pecan + Paeonia lactiflora). Soil samples were categorized according to the sampling depth (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm).

Results

The results demonstrated that the bulk density (BD) of soil under the pecan agroforestry system (PPH and PPL) was reduced by 16.13% and 7.10%, respectively, and the soil moisture content (MC) and total soil porosity (TPO) increased. Improvements in the physical properties of the soil under the PPS agroforestry system were not obvious when compared with the pecan monoculture. The soil total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), and total carbon (TC) increased significantly, while the soil urease (S-UE), alkaline phosphatase (S-AKP), and 1,4-β-N-acetylglucosamines (S-NAG) enzyme activity also increased significantly, following agroforestry. Overall, the pecan agroforestry system significantly improved the physical properties of the pecan plantation soil, enriched the soil nutrients, and increased the activity of soil enzymes related to TC, TN, and TP cycles.
Human-wildlife conflicts with crocodilians, cetaceans and otters in the tropics and subtropics
Authors: Cook Patrick , Hawes Joseph E. , Campos-Silva João Vitor , Peres Carlos A.
Published: January 2022

Conservation of freshwater biodiversity and management of human-wildlife conflicts are major conservation challenges globally. Human-wildlife conflict occurs due to attacks on people, depredation of fisheries, damage to fishing equipment and entanglement in nets. Here we review the current literature on conflicts with tropical and subtropical crocodilians, cetaceans and otters in freshwater and brackish habitats. We also present a new multispecies case study of conflicts with four freshwater predators in the Western Amazon: black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), boto (Inia geoffrensis) and tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis). Documented conflicts occur with 34 crocodilian, cetacean and otter species. Of the species reviewed in this study, 37.5% had conflicts frequently documented in the literature, with the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) the most studied species. We found conflict severity had a positive relationship with species body mass, and a negative relationship with IUCN Red List status. In the Amazonian case study, we found that the black caiman was ranked as the greatest ‘problem’ followed by the boto, giant otter and tucuxi. There was a significant difference between the responses of local fishers when each of the four species were found entangled in nets. We make recommendations for future research, based on the findings of the review and Amazon case study, including the need to standardise data collection.
Grupo de apoyo para familiares de pacientes oncológicos: una experiencia hospitalaria
Authors: Díaz-Soto Edalí , Martinez-Cordero Claudia ,   HRAEB
Published: January 2022

Los familiares de pacientes oncológicos necesitan acompañamiento dentro de una institución hospitalaria. El objetivo del estudio fue crear un grupo de apoyo para familiares de pacientes del servicio de quimio-radioterapia HRAEB. Una gerente social, responsable técnica del proyecto, coordinó las reuniones semanales durante un periodo de ocho meses. La dinámica grupal ayudó a los familiares a comprender mejor la enfermedad de su paciente y cambios en la dinámica familiar que se generan ante la carencia de salud física. Las reflexiones grupales influyeron en los familiares para ser mejores cuidadores del paciente y, por lo tanto, agentes de recuperación y rehabilitación.
Un estudio piloto sobre la fatiga por compasión y los peligros entre los profesionales en los sistemas públicos de bienestar infantil y justicia juvenil en Chile y los Estados Unidos
Authors:   School of Social Work, Ruffolo Mary Carmel , Chang Shih-Ya ,   School of Social Work, Reyes-Quilodrán Claudia
Published: January 2022

The pilot study measures compassion fatigue experienced by social workers in the United States and Chile who work in public child welfare and juvenile justice systems. While public child welfare systems differ in legislative and organizational structures in these two countries, the study uncovers what types of compassion fatigue participants experienced and what they saw as supports and organizational practices that increase or decrease levels of compassion fatigue. Qualtrics survey tools were used to deliver an online survey to potential participants in both countries with two instruments: the Professional Quality of Life Scale V version and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. The survey also asked open-ended questions for participants to identify supports received from their work sites that address compassion fatigue and challenges in their work environments. Workers in both countries have similar challenges and needs related to addressing compassion fatigue and hazards. The overall compassion fatigue reported by participants in both countries was relatively high and not directly linked to the perceived level of organizational supports in their work settings. One area of difference is that participants in the U.S. experienced significantly more compassion satisfaction than did the participants from Chile. There also was a significant difference in the responses from participants in Chile related to experiencing more secondary traumatic stress than U.S. participants. This study is the first step in working to determine best practices when addressing compassion fatigue and the hazards of working in high demand public child-serving systems. Further research is necessary to further study compassion fatigue among social workers in child welfare systems in both countries.
Delayed Fixation of Hip Fractures and Short- term Outcome in Coronavirus Positive Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dar Ghulam Nabi , Wani Mohd Iqbal , Mumtaz Mohd Umar , Kawoosa Altaf Ahmad , Ali Nadeem
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) affected the healthcare system worldwide. The golden rules of fracture fixation and early mobilisation of patients was not strictly followed, because of fear of spread of the disease among the patients and healthcare workers. Early surgery and prompt postoperative ambulation improves outcomes for patients with hip fractures, but the morbidity and mortality were high in the patients who were operated upon, when having an active infection of COVID-19 virus. Aim: To study the short-term outcome of delayed fixation of hip fractures in coronavirus positive patient in terms of postoperative infection, union at the fracture, deep vein thrombosis and mortality. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study carried out in Government Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir, India from April 2020 to September 2020. Delayed surgery using different methods of fixation was performed in patients with hip fractures who had active COVID-19 infection. The patients were followed for a period of six months. Short-term mortality and complications if any were recorded. Results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages and analysed by Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: Among the 24 operated patients, males were 9 (37.5%) and females were 15 (62.5%). Of the total, 14 (58.33%) were intertrochanteric fractures, 6 (25%) were femoral neck fractures and 4 (16.67%) were subtrochanteric fractures. Dynamic hip screw was used to treat 15 (62.5%) patients. Age ranged from 39 to 82 years mean age was 51.04 years. Majority of patients, 16 (66.67%) sustained hip fractures after a low velocity fall from standing height. Delay in surgery was 15 to 21 days (Average-18.25 days). Two elderly patients died after 14 weeks of follow-up due to causes else than respiratory failure. Three patients developed superficial infection which settled with oral antibiotics. No case of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary thrombo embolism was observed in the present study. Conclusion: Despite the delay, the mortality rate in the early postoperative period was less. The present study findings suggest that hip fracture patients who present with COVID-19 infection can safely undergo delayed surgical intervention after appropriate medical optimisation.
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Mimicking Cerebral Palsy-Heterozygous Mutation in ALDH18A1
Authors: Vatkar Amit S , Dolas Nisha , Deshpande Vedashree , Wadhawan Pallavi , Sharif Mumtaz
Published: January 2022

Spastic paraplegias are characterised by progressive rigidity and weakness of the lower limbs. Spastic paraplegia is a standard differential diagnosis for spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) are genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders causing paraplegias. Eighty forms of HSP have been noted and 64 genes have been identified. The Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 18 family member A1 (ALDH18A1) gene is located at 10q24.1 and it encodes delta-1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Synthetase (P5CS), a mitochondrial bifunctional enzyme which is used for catalysing various amino acids. Mutations in this gene causes P5CS deficiency, which is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. One should suspect neurometabolic conditions when no definite history of birth asphyxia is present in a case of cerebral palsy. Hereby, the authors report a case of a one-year-old male child with heterozygous mutation in ALDH18A1 gene resulting in spastic diplegia.
Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Erector Spinae and Oblique Subcostal Transverse Abdominis Plane Block in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Sahu Lingaraj , Behera Sanjaya Kumar , Satapathy Ganesh Chandra , Saxena Shlok , Priyadarshini Subhadra , Sahoo Rajendra Kumar
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The pain after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) which has both somatic and visceral component. Interfascial plane blocks play a major role in Multimodal Analgesia (MMA). Previous studies have found good analgesic benefits with Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) and Oblique Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane (OSTAP) blocks. However, till date no study exists which compares the above blocks with addition of dexamethasone. Aim: To compare ESP with OSTAP block using low concentration of Local Anaesthetic (LA) and dexamethasone as part of MMA in elective LC. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients were included in this study and finally, 60 patients were analysed. They were randomised to receive either bilateral ESP at T7 level or bilateral OSTAP with 20 mL 0.2% ropivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone before starting anaesthesia. Primary outcome measures were total opioid consumption and mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in the first 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures were intraoperative opioid consumption, opioids or block related complication, and patients’ feedback for procedural satisfaction and postoperative pain control. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. Continuous and categorical data were analysed using appropriate statistical analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both the blocks provided excellent pain relief. The mean (24 hours) opioid consumption in ESP group was 29.83±54.74 mg and in OSTAP group was 73.17±94.04 mg; p=0.034. The mean VAS was significantly lower in the ESP block at all point of time during first 24 hours in ESP group was 0.58 and in OSTAP group was 1.72 (p<0.001). The mean intraoperative opioid requirement in ESP and OSTAP group were 6.9±1.8 mg and 7.6±2.3 mg of nalbuphine, respectively. No complications were noted in any patients. Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone in ESP block provides significant analgesia and less opioid consumption in patients undergoing LC. Hence, ESP block can be considered as part of MMA in LC surgery.
Impact of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention on Weight Reduction in Overweight and Obese Adolescents- A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kaliyan Arivoli , Kumaran Venkatesh Singa , Prasanna Sudhakar , Ethirajan Narayanan , Manjunath Reji , Jeganathan Sathya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a multifactorial pathology that increases the risk of diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease in adolescent period. Initiation of lifestyle modification at younger age plays a major role in preventing morbidity and mortality at a younger age. Aim: To examine the effect of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention program executed with the support of parents and teachers to treat overweight/obese in school going adolescents. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out for a period of 12 months on a population of 193 children of age group between 10-17 years. Initially adolescents were classified into overweight/obese based on Body Mass Index (BMI). Individual adolescents were counseled regarding diet, lifestyle changes, physical activity and school based activity; while they were suggested to maintain a diary. Once in two months, they were assessed by reviewing their diaries. Once in four months parents along with students was assessed regarding diet, life style changes, physical activity and school based activity. BMI of the adolescents was measured before and after intervention. Paired t-test was used to analyse the significance of the outcome based on BMI of the children measured before and after the intervention. Results: Mean age of the population was 13.7±4.3 years. Males were predominant 109 (56.5%) compared to females 84 (43.5%). In females, BMI reduced from 26.104 to 25.235 (p=0.0001) while in males BMI reduced from 25.677 to 24.904 (p=0.0002). BMI in the whole population marginally reduced from 25.863±3.644 to 25.048±3.50 after intervention. The overall reduction of BMI in males (0.77) and females (0.87) was statistically significant (p=0.0004) with greater difference in females. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary intervention approach with family members and school teachers is effective to manage weight reduction by maintaining a healthy nutritional status with beneficial physical activity in obese and overweight school going adolescents.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Different Crops at Charlands in Bangladesh
Authors: Afrad Md. Safiul Islam , Mustafizur Rahman G. K. M. , Saiful Alam Mohammad , Ali Md. Zulfiker , Barau Aliyu Akilu
Published: January 2022

The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s fields of three Charlands in Bangladesh during November 2019 to July 2020 for establishing new technologies for enhancement of productivity through innovative soil management practices. The experiments were established in a randomized complete block design using six treatments and three replications. Treatments of the experiments were T1 = FP (Farmers’ Practice) (Control), T2 = RF (Recommended Fertilizer) + Vermicompost (3t/ha), T3 = RF (Recommended Fertilizer) + Quick Compost (3t/ha), T4 = RF (Recommended Fertilizer) + Standard Organic Fertilizers (3t/ha), T5 = RF (Recommended Fertilizer) + Poultry Manure (3t/ha) and T6 = RF (Recommended Fertilizer) + Biochar (3t/ha). The soil status in all selected Charlands were very low to optimum. Results of the experiment showed that application of organic fertilizers along with inorganic fertilizers produced significant (p<0.05) variation in growth and yield parameters of the crops. The findings from the study showed that different organic fertilizers showed better performance compared to Farmer’s practice. The statistically maximum fruit yield (41.35t/ha) of pumpkin, grain yield (3.24t/ha) of millet and tuber yield (43.69t/ha) of sweet potato was recorded in biochar treated T6 treatment compared to other treatments. Besides, the statistically highest fresh fruit yield (29.50t/ha) of snake gourd, fresh fruit yield (20.80t/ha) of okra and yield (74.16t/ha) of Indian spinach were recorded in poultry manure treated T5 treatment compared to other treatments. Comparatively higher growth and yield of different crops were obtained from poultry manure along with inorganic fertilizers which was followed by biochar and quick compost application. It is recommended to the farmers to use organic fertilizers along with inorganic fertilizers.
Knowledge, Practices and Attitude of Health Care Support Personnel on COVID-19: A Comparative Study Bhutan and Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasekera Priyamali , Dolkar Diki , Dissanayake Tharindu
Published: January 2022

Background: Health care support personnel are more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to the nature of their work. Their comparatively lower education qualifications, the important service they provide and associated risks of infection to themselves and others are high.  This study attempts to explore and compare the knowledge, practices, and attitude of health care support personnel in Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using a purposive stratified sampling method with a questionnaire administered on knowledge, practices, and attitude was conducted from September 2020 to June 2021. The analysis was run using SPSS 21.

Results: There were 775 (383 Sri Lankans, 392 Bhutanese) respondents. They consist of attendants (204), health care assistants (labourers) (355), cleaners (140), ambulance drivers (35) and security guards (41). Their levels of education were Grade 12 (24.5%), Grade 10 (41.2%), Grade 8-5(22.2%), and no formal education (12.1%).  The majority (66.3%) had a ‘good’ knowledge level of COVID-19. Sri Lankan and Bhutanese mean knowledge score is 7.55 and 7.44 respectively (p<0.05). Overall, not much difference is observed in Practice related to COIVD-19 in both countries. Sri Lankans reported less fear of contact with COVID patients than Bhutanese (p<0.05), but more Bhutanese feel safe at work than Sri Lankans (p<0.05). More Bhutanese (90.8%) report satisfaction with measures taken by their hospital compared to Sri Lankans (49.3%).

Conclusion: Sri Lanka reports slightly higher knowledge test means compared to Bhutan. While more Bhutanese report fear of contact with COVID-19 patients, more Bhutanese report satisfaction with measures taken by their hospitals for their safety, comparatively. It is important to explore the low levels of appreciation perceived, fears reported, and study ways to improve the psychological well-being of healthcare support staff.
Unguarded Tricuspid Orifice with Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries and Aortic Atresia- A Highly Unusual Case
Authors: Puegge Carolin , Altmann Isabell , Weidenbach Michael
Published: January 2022

Unguarded tricuspid orifice is a very rare anomaly. It is characterised by the absence of one or more of the tricuspid valve leaflets resulting in severe tricuspid regurgitation and right heart failure. It is rarely an isolated anomaly but more often associated with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. When the ventricles are inverted however, the result of outflow tract obliteration is not pulmonary atresia, but aortic atresia. This anomaly has been described in the literature in only 2 cases so far. We present a case of a neonate with unguarded tricuspid orifice with absence of all tricuspid leaflets, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and aortic atresia. The severe tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular enlargement would have required a Norwood-like procedure combined with a right ventricular plication. Due to the complexity of this lesion no surgical therapy was attempted in consent with the parents.
Metronidazole-induced Metallic Taste: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Karrar Hani Raka , Nouh Mahmoud Ismail , Alhendi Rehab Salah Aldin , Nouh Yousef Ismail , Nooh Mawadah Ismaeel , Almansour Ramlah Abdulfattah , Alayafi Yahya Hasan , Alharthy Baidaa Talal , Albarrak Sarah Khalid , Alshame Hanin Ali
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate of metallic taste side effects in a patient who received metronidazole versus tinidazole and link it to the safety profile for metronidazole.

Study Design: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: This study where written and revised in the pharmaceutical care department at general network for healthcare providers Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. between Mar 2021 and Dec 2021.

Methodology: Literature searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.4 software.

Results: Our meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials studies confirm that there is a slight increase in the rate of metallic taste adverse effects. Around one-fifth of patients who were treated with tinidazole had developed an incidence rate (5.1%) higher than the patient who treated with metronidazole. Our data shows that the incidence rate of metallic taste adverse effects in patients who received metronidazole was 15.5% (58/373) while the incidence rate in patients who received tinidazole was 20.6% (104/505). But the overall rate of metallic taste adverse effects was not statistically significantly different (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.45 to 2.55; P = 0.87). also, there was statistical heterogeneity in the included studies (I2 = 75%).

Conclusion: In our meta-analysis, the incidence rate of metronidazole-associated metallic taste adverse effects was slightly lower than the incidence rate of tinidazole-associated metallic taste adverse effects. It is not statistically significant as the result shows but still shifting the patient to metronidazole instead of tinidazole may decrease the incidence rate of metallic taste by (5.1%) and give good coverage for the microbial than tinidazole.
A Review of Lactoferrin Inflammatory Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Neutrophil Dysfunction
Authors: Alhalwani Amani Y.
Published: January 2022

Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein that plays important roles in many diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is one of the most challenging health concerns of the 21st century. At least 30% of the diabetic population is undiagnosed at any one time, so effective and early diagnosis is of critical concern. Several of the body’s chemicals, such as enzymes, electrolytes, and proteins, have been used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of diabetic diseases. Detection of LF is considered an important sign of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), due to its activity as an anti-inflammatory agent and in the down-regulation of pro-inflammation. LF is produced by glandular epithelial cells and neutrophils, and a decrease in its concentration is linked with the dysfunction of neutrophils in many diseases. Neutrophils are the first line of defence against pathogens that invade the human body during inflammation. Therefore, the health of neutrophils can be employed as a biomarker in the diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes. A decrease in LF concentrations in T2DM could result in increased levels of inflammatory markers that are associated with the inflammation activity. Increased understanding of the link between LF concentration and development of T2DM should improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

LF is identified through use of various techniques such as immunoassay, proteomics, and spectrometry. The aim of this review is to summarise each pathway and some of the most relevant LF biomarkers that may be used to monitor the development or progression of diabetes and its complications, and the link between levels of LF and neutrophil dysfunction in T2DM. Moreover, the objective of this review is to show the most common LF analysis that may be useful in the clinical diagnosis of T2DM and discuss to what extent this analysis method can be a tool for prognostic and diagnostic work.
Violence exposure across multiple contexts as predictors of reactive and proactive aggression in Chinese preadolescents
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Wang Yue , Li Jiamei , Tang Jiayu , Zhang Jiaying , Wang Mingzhu , Jiang Suo
Published: January 2022

Based on different functions of aggression, the conceptual distinction of reactive and proactive aggression has been proposed. It is widely acknowledged that adolescents' violence exposure contributes to later perpetration of aggressive behaviors. However, few studies have compared the effects of violence exposure on reactive/proactive aggression based on the forms (i.e., witnessing and being victimized) and the contexts (i.e., family, community, and school), especially in preadolescents. Thus, the relationship between two forms of violence exposure (witnessing and victimization) and later perpetrating reactive and proactive aggression were compared within and across three social contexts in a sample of Chinese preadolescents. Participants were 609 preadolescents 51.9% boys) recruited from five primary schools in China. Information on two forms of violence exposure across multiple contexts and demography were collected at Time 1 (Mage = 10.65), and aggression data (i.e., reactive and proactive aggression) were collected a year later at Time 2. Results evidenced witnessing and being victimized by violence in the home were more consistently related to later perpetration of reactive and proactive aggression. Witnessing family violence was significantly associated with later perpetration of reactive aggression than witnessing violence in the community. Being victimized by violence in the community and the home were significantly associated with later perpetration of proactive aggression than school victimization. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the roles of both types of violence exposure across contexts in later perpetration of aggression during early adolescence.
An adaptive refined grid search strategy for assessing operational flexibility and application on refrigerant selection
Authors: Wang Jiayuan , Smith Robin , Zhu Lingyu
Published: January 2022

A novel adaptive refined grid search strategy is developed for representative characterization of process feasible region boundaries and accurate estimation of its hypervolume. In particular, a linked list data structure adopted from the field of computer science is used to maintain the grid connectivity information. A uniform perturbation scheme is used to refine the search only near the boundaries. The volumetric flexibility index (FIV) is calculated directly from a summation of feasible hypercubes in the grid, without the need to apply shape reconstruction techniques. The proposed adaptive grid search strategy can capture complex region shapes with reduced sampling costs and without randomness, increasing reproducibility. Operational flexibility is optimized traditionally at a process scale. A case study on refrigerant selection is presented to demonstrate that the developed strategy can be combined within a computer‐aided molecular design framework for operational flexibility optimization at the molecular scale.
Iterative Synthesis of Stereo‐ and Sequence‐Defined Polymers via Acid‐Orthogonal Deprotection Chemistry
Authors: He Wenjing , Wang Shixue , Li Maosheng , Wang Xianhong , Tao Youhua
Published: January 2022

Absolute control over polymer stereo‐ and sequence structure is highly challenging in polymer chemistry. Here, an acid‐orthogonal deprotection strategy is proposed for the iterative synthesis of a family of unimolecular polymers starting with enantiopure serines, featuring precise sequence, stereoconfiguration and side‐chain functionalities that cannot be achieved using traditional polymerization techniques. Acid‐orthogonal deprotections proceed independently of one another by the selection of protecting groups that feature the respective acid‐lability. Under p‐toluenesulfonic acid, acidolysis of tert‐butyloxycarbonyl can proceed exclusively, while low‐dosage trifluoroacetic acid and low temperature only trigger the selective and quantitative cleavage of trityl. The pioneering use of this acid‐orthogonal deprotection chemistry increases the compatibility with otherwise sensitive groups and opens up pathways to facilely introduce structural and functional diversity into stereo‐ and sequence‐defined polymers, thus imparting their unique properties beyond natural biopolymers.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Aqueous Uranyl Based on Uranyl‐Triggered Protein Photocleavage
Authors: Feng Tiantian , Yuan Yihui , Zhao Shilei , Feng Lijuan , Yan Bingjie , Cao Meng , Zhang Jiacheng , Sun Wenyan , Lin Ke , Wang Ning
Published: January 2022

The detection of environmental uranyl is attracting increasing attention. However, the available detection strategies mainly depend on the selective recognition of uranyl, which is subject to severe interference by coexisting metal ions. Herein, based on the unique uranyl‐triggered photocleavage property, the protein BSA is labelled with fluorescent molecules that exhibit an aggregation‐induced emission effect for uranyl detection. Uranyl‐triggered photocleavage causes the separation of the fluorescent‐molecule‐labelled protein fragments, leading to attenuation of the emission fluorescence, which is used as a signal for uranyl detection. This detection strategy shows high selectivity for uranyl and an ultralow detection limit of 24 pM with a broad detection range covering five orders of magnitude. The detection method also shows high reliability and stability, making it a promising technique for practical applications in diverse environments.
Lessons from an Array: Using an Electrode Surface to Control the Selectivity of a Solution‐Phase Chemical Reaction
Authors: Feng Enqi , Jing Qiwei , Moeller Kevin D.
Published: January 2022

Electrochemistry offers a variety of novel means by which selectivity can be introduced into synthetic organic transformations. In the work reported, it is shown how methods used to confine chemical reactions to specific sites on a microelectrode array can also be used to confine a preparative reaction to the surface of an electrode inserted into a bulk reaction solution. In so doing, the surface of a modified electrode can be used to introduce new selectivity into a preparative reaction that is not observed in the absence of either the modified electrode surface or the effort to confine the reaction to that surface. The observed selectivity can be optimized in the same way that confinement is optimized on an array and is dependent on the nature of the functionalized surface.
New nickel (II), cobalt (III), and iron (III) complexes with N′‐[(2‐aminochromon‐3‐yl)methylidene]benzohydrazide: Synthesis, characterization, solvatochromic shift, dipole moment, and DFT calculations
Authors: Adly Omima M. I. , Taha Ali , Ibrahim Magdy A.
Published: January 2022

New Ni (II), Co (III), and Fe (III) complexes of hydrazone (HL) derived from 2‐aminochromone‐3‐carboxaldehyde with benzoyl hydrazine were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (UV–Vis, IR, Mass, 1H, and 13C‐NMR) data, as well as magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity measurements, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The ligand behaves as monobasic with ONO donor sites, forming square planar geometry with Ni (II) and octahedral geometries with both Co (III) and Fe (III) complexes. Solvent effects on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the prepared complexes were investigated in 11 different solvents with diverse polarities. Lippert–Mataga, Bakhshiev, Kawski–Chamma–Viallet, and Reichardt‐solvatochromic methods were applied to estimate the dipole moments of the ground and excited state (μg and μe). Multiple linear regression analysis was useful to specify the extent of specific and nonspecific solute–solvent interactions using Kamlet–Taft and Catalan solvatochromic models. The Stoke's shifts of complexes were mainly controlled by the polarity/polarizability parameter of the solvent. Density function theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level engaged in the Gaussian 09 program was carried out to optimize the structures of the ligand and its complexes. Structural parameters data are correlated with the experimental data. Also, using Coats–Redfern techniques, the kinetic parameters were calculated for each thermal degradation stage of metal complexes. Finally, in vitro bioassays of the ligand and its complexes against Gram‐negative, Gram‐positive bacteria and the fungus strain were tested for these compounds with good results.
Ru(II)–NNO pincer‐type complexes catalysed E‐olefination of alkyl‐substituted quinolines/pyrazines utilizing primary alcohols
Authors: Tamilthendral Veerappan , Balamurugan Gunasekaran , Ramesh Rengan , Malecki Jan Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

An efficient and selective E‐olefination of alkyl‐substituted quinolines and pyrazines through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols catalysed by Ru(II)–N^N^O pincer‐type complexes encompassing carbonyl and triphenylarsines as co‐ligands is demonstrated. An array of Ru(II) catalysts has been synthesized and evaluated by analytical and spectral methodologies. The solid‐state molecular structure of the synthesized complex (2) has been substantiated by x‐ray crystallography. The catalytic protocol produces a diverse range of olefinated products up to 90% by employing readily available primary alcohols. The present synthetic strategy is operationally simple and scalable and tolerates various functional groups under mild reaction conditions. Notably, an aldehyde and aryl‐2‐quinoline‐2‐yl‐ethanol intermediate are involved in the catalytic reaction mechanism. The utility of the present procedure is demonstrated through a facile synthesis of the antifungal drug (E)‐2‐(2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)vinyl)quinoline.
Nano‐LC: An updated review
Authors: Shan Lian , Jones Barry R.
Published: January 2022

Low‐flow chromatography has a rich history of innovation but has yet to reach widespread implementation in bioanalytical applications. Improvements in pump technology, microfluidic connections, and nano‐electrospray sources for MS have laid the groundwork for broader application, and innovation in this space has accelerated in recent years. This article reviews the instrumentation used for nano‐flow LC, the types of columns employed, and strategies for multidimensionality of separations, which are key to the future state of the technique to the high‐throughput needs of modern bioanalysis. An update of the current applications where nano‐LC is widely used, such as proteomics and metabolomics, is discussed. But the trend toward biopharmaceutical development of increasingly complex, targeted, and potent therapeutics for the safe treatment of disease drives the need for ultimate selectivity and sensitivity of our analytical platforms for targeted quantitation in a regulated space. The selectivity needs are best addressed by mass spectrometric detection, especially at high resolutions, and exquisite sensitivity is provided by nano‐electrospray ionization as the technology continues to evolve into an accessible, robust, and easy‐to‐use platform.
The In‐situ Growth of Ru Modified CoP Nanoflakes on Carbon Clothes as Efficient Electrocatalysts for HER**
Authors: Cui Hao , Jiang Min , Tan Gang , Xie Jianping , Tan Pengfei , Pan Jun
Published: January 2022

Exploring highly efficient, durable and low‐cost catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial to promoting the development of electrochemical water splitting systems but remains challenging. In this work, the Ru‐modified CoP nanoflakes on carbon clothes (Ru‐CoP/CC) are fabricated via an in‐situ hydrothermal method, followed by low‐temperature phosphatized treatments. According to X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, the Ru doping induces the electron deviation from Ru to Co−P, and makes Co ions be an electron‐rich state. It is revealed that the introduction of Ru can effectually reconstruct the electron coordination environment of Co−P. The resultant Ru‐CoP/CC catalyst shows outstanding HER performance with an ultralow overpotential of 45 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the obtained catalyst exhibits long‐term durability at 20 mA cm−2 for 20 h in the alkaline solution. This work opens a new avenue to lower the usage of noble metal in electrocatalyst and helps to developing a high‐performance electrocatalyst for HER.
Linked Rotaxane Structure Restricts Local Molecular Motions in Solution to Enhance Fluorescence Properties of Tetraphenylethylene
Authors: Miyagishi Hiromichi V. , Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun
Published: January 2022

The restriction of local molecular motions is critical for improving the fluorescence quantum yields (FQYs) and the photostability of fluorescent dyes. Herein, we report a supramolecular approach to enhance the performance of fluorescent dyes by incorporating a linked rotaxane structure with permethylated α‐cyclodextrins. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives generally exhibit low FQYs in solution due to the molecular motions in the excited state. We show that TPE with linked rotaxane structures on two sides displays up to 15‐fold higher FQYs. Detailed investigations with variable temperature 1H NMR, UV‐Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the linked rotaxane structure rigidifies the TPE moiety and thus suppresses the local molecular motions and non‐radiative decay. Moreover, the linked rotaxane structure enhances the FQY of the dye in various solvents, including aqueous solutions, and improves the photostability through the inhibition of local molecular motions in the excited TPE.
Abnormal Association between Metal−Organic Cages and Counterions Regulated by the Hydration Shells
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Raee Ehsan , Liu Tianbo
Published: January 2022

A unique trend in the binding affinity between cationic metal−organic cages (MOCs) and external counteranions in aqueous media was observed. Similar to many macroions, two MOCs, sharing similar structures but carrying different number of charges, self‐assembled into hollow spherical single‐layered blackberry‐type structures through counterion‐mediated attraction. Dynamic and static light scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements confirm the stronger interactions among less charged MOCs and counteranions than that of highly charged MOCs, leading to larger assembly sizes. DOSY NMR measurements suggest the significance of thick hydration shells of highly charged MOCs, inhibiting the MOC‐counterion binding and weakening the interaction between them. This study demonstrates that the greater role played by hydration shell on ion‐pair formation comparing with charge density of MOCs.