bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMATION OF A VALUE PROPOSITION FOR CLIENTS: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND UNDERSTANDING OF REPRESENTATIVES OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES
Authors: Trachuk A. V. , Linder N. V. , Tuaev V. O.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of a value proposition and its understanding by representatives of Russian companies. The existing theoretical approaches to the formation of a value proposition are considered, as well as the main tools used in its formation in practice. To determine the theoretical approaches, more than 50 articles from leading economic journals were analyzed. To analyze the understanding of the value proposition, Russian companies conducted in–depth semi-structured interviews with managers of 84 Russian and foreign companies representing customer service departments, sales departments, innovation activities, strategic management, marketing and brand management departments.

The analysis has shown that for most employees of companies, the concepts of a value approach in management and a value proposition are limited to standard categories, such as price, quality, and direct satisfaction of needs. This is especially true for representatives of Russian companies and firms that conduct their business only within Russia and CIS countries. While representatives of international companies noted the importance of the entire range of value formation tools in one way or another evenly, respondents from Russian companies clearly relied on product components and price in their answers. It should also be noted the leadership of product tools in both cases, and if Russian respondents focused only on the quality of the product in their answers, then representatives of international companies often noted the importance of the assortment and uniqueness of products.

The result of the study was to determine the importance and place in the process of forming a value proposition of such tools as joint value creation with the consumer and the involvement of personnel in joint value creation.

The author's approach to the formation of value proposition by companies is proposed in the article. The proposed matrix model allows you to quickly determine which factors and tools companies need to focus on first.
Improving the organizational structure of the population prevention in the megapolis
Authors: Kalininskaya A. A. , Lazarev A. V. , Allenov A. M. , Merekina M. D.
Published: October 2022

Highlights. A comparative analysis of the morbidity rate in the population in Moscow, the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation for the period from 2012 to 2019 depending on the age groups was carried out; performance of the Center for Prevention and Health Centers in Moscow and in its administrative districts was assessed; suggestions for improving the organizational structure of the population prevention in the megapolis were made.

Aim. To analyze and assess the organizational structure of population prevention in Moscow, and to suggest proposals for its improvement.

Methods. The data of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation on the morbidity rate in the (general) population in Moscow, the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation, by age groups of the population was analyzed. The analysis and assessment of the performance was done for the following entities carrying out preventive programs in Moscow: the Center for Prevention (CP), 58 departments and 224 offices for prevention, 62 Health Centers (HC) and the performance of youth-friendly clinics in the Russian Federation. We used statistical, sociological, analytical research methods for the analysis.

Results. Total morbidity rate in the population of Moscow (2019) was lower than in the Central Federal District and in the Russian Federation, it amounted to 140,743.0 per  100  thousand  of  the  population,  in  the  Central  Federal  District  it  was 149701.0‰оо, and in the Russian Federation it was 164899.4‰оо.At the same time, total morbidity rate in children aged 14 years old in Moscow was higher than in the Russian Federation and in the Central Federal District; it amounted to 222946.1 per 100 thousand of the corresponding population, in the Russian Federation it was 219845.6‰оо, and the Central Federal District it was 211643.2‰оо. The analysis of total morbidity in children in Moscow by classes of diseases is given. The article analyzes the performance of CP and HC in Moscow and output of youth-friendly clinics in Russia. Suggestions for improving the organizational structure of the population prevention in the megapolis were made.

Conclusion. Total morbidity rate in the population in Moscow is lower than in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation, however, the rates in children are higher than in the Russian Federation for a number of diseases. The results obtained should be taken into account in the development of the population-based prevention strategies for children. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Center and departments for prevention in Moscow are subject to reorganization; additional duties and responsibilities should be introduced and existing ones should be adjusted. It is necessary to organize the continuity and coordination in care provided by the CP, HC and primary health care physicians. It is recommended to create more youth-friendly clinics in the Russian Federation, in particular, in Moscow.
Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile proteins as universal markers of vessels of microcirculatory bed
Authors: Bogdanov L. A. , Velikanova E. A. , Kanonykina A. Yu. , Frolov A. V. , Shishkova D. K. , Lazebnaya A. I. , Kutikhin A. G.
Published: October 2022

Highlights. The use of vascular smooth muscle cell markers, e.g. smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) for immunodetection of adventitial and perivascular microvessels (vasa vasorum) is preferrable over endothelial markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin) as it allows to define vascular geometry regardless of sectioning artifacts and provides ideal signal-to-noise ratio.

Aside from elastic laminae which discriminate arterioles from venules and capillaries, we were unable to confirm any specific markers of arterial, venous, and capillary differentiation, although KLF2 and PROX1 transcription factors indicated venous specification and HEY1 suggested capillary identity in rat aortas.

Aim. To develop an optimal approach to detection of microvessels and to evaluate the techniques for the differential immunostaining of arterioles, venules, and capillaries in human saphenous veins and rat aortas.

Methods. Saphenous veins excised during the coronary artery bypass graft surgery were used for the study. Serial cryosections were analyzed by means of haematoxylin and eosin and Russell-Movat’s pentachrome stainings and by immunofluorescent staining for endothelial cell markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin), vascular smooth muscle cell markers (SM-MHC and α-SMA), mechanosensitive transcription factors (KLF2 and KLF4), transcription factors of arterial specification (HES1, HEY1, ERG), transcription factors and markers of venous identity (NR2F2, NRP2), and transcription factors and markers of lymphatic lineage (PROX1, LYVE1, VEGFR3). Samples were visualized by light and confocal microscopy.

Results. In comparison with endothelial cell markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin), vascular smooth muscle cell markers (SM-MHC and α-SMA) permitted objective evaluation of vascular geometry and maximized signal-to-noise ratio irrespective of specific marker, microvessel specification or antibody used. Autofluorescence and specific histological  pattern  of  elastic  membranes  at  Russell-Movat’s  pentachrome staining allowed to discriminate arterioles from venules and capillaries. Albeit immunostaining of rat aortas found specific markers of venous endothelial cells (KLF2 and PROX1) and capillary endothelial cells (HEY1), these findings have not been confirmed in saphenous veins. We were unable to find specific markers of human venules and capillaries among the saphenous vein vasa vasorum despite an extensive screening of multiple markers.

Conclusion. Immunodetection of microvessels (e.g., vasa vasorum) should be performed by using vascular smooth muscle cell markers (SM-MHC and α-SMA) rather than endothelial cell markers (CD31 and VE-cadherin). Lack of specific markers to discern microvessels of different lineages suggests Russell-Movat’s pentachrome staining as an optimal option for the machine learning of neural networks to analyse the microvessels including vasa vasorum.
A clinical case of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (Bland-White-Garland syndrome) in an adult patient
Authors: Povoroznyi A. O. , Zakharyan E. A. , Maksimova P. E. , Keremov J. T. , Kazanceva O. A.
Published: October 2022

Highlights. The paper presents a unique clinical case of patient with congenital heart defect known as Bland-White-Garland syndrome diagnosed in the adulthood. Takeuchi repair (creation an intrapulmonary tunnel) was carried out to treat this defect.

Background. An anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (Bland-White-Garland syndrome) is an uncommon but severe pathology that requires immediate  surgical  treatment.  The  use  of  modern  diagnostic  methods  (both non-invasive and invasive) has resulted in higher prevalence of this syndrome, diagnosed not only in an early childhood, but also in adulthood. Recording each medical case and choosing an optimal treatment strategy will increase knowledge of this pathology and reduce the high risk of mortality. The paper presents a clinical case of this syndrome in an adult patient who had remained undiagnosed for a long time as the syndrome was masked under the clinical features of chronic heart failure. Takeuchi repair (creation an intrapulmonary tunnel) was carried out to treat this extremely rare defect for a patient of this age group.
Risk assessment of remotely fatal cardiovascular events after elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Nalesnik E. O. , Repin A. N.
Published: October 2022

Highlights. The frequency of long-term fatal cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic coronary syndrome subjected to selective (non-emergency) percutaneous coronary interventions was estimated.

Risk stratification model of long-term fatal cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic coronary syndrome subjected to selective percutaneous coronary interventions has been created.

Aim. To determine the frequency of long-term fatal cardiovascular events (CVE) after elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and to develop a model for stratifying the risk of these events.

Methods. 150 patients with chronic coronary syndrome and indications for endovascular myocardial  revascularization  were  included  in  the  research.  After  PCI  the patients were observed on an outpatient basis for year. The frequency of fatal cardiovascular complications was estimated by telephone interview 6 years after the index intervention.

Results. Survival in the study group after 6 years was 86.1%. Fatal CVEs were reported in 10.6% of patients. The following baseline variables were significant predictors of cardiovascular death included in the individual risk assessment model: NYHA functional class of chronic heart failure (odds ratio (OR) 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.003-1.106), lean plasma glucose level (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.12-0.43), atrial fibrillation (OR 43.1, 95% CI 2.01–922.01), as well as the value of creatinine in the blood one year after the intervention (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.0–1.3) and glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI) (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.09–1.81). The area under the curve (AUC) of the developed model was 0.976 [95% CI 0,000–1,000].

Conclusion. The proposed risk stratification model of developing long-term fatal cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic coronary syndrome subjected to selective (non-emergency) PCI allows identifying patients with an unfavorable long-term (six-year) prognosis.
Relationship of coronary calcinosis and local fat deposts in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Brel N. K. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Kokov A. N. , Masenko V. L. , Belik E. V. , Dyleva Yu. A. , Tarasov R. S. , Kuzmina A. A. , Kashtalap V. V. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: October 2022

Highlights. Taking into account the connection between the increase in the volume of myocardial adipose tissue and vessels with massive calcification of the coronary arteries in coronary heart disease, morphometry of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue during routine tomographic examinations can be considered as a non-invasive technique for determining a surrogate marker of severe coronary lesion.

Aim. To evaluate the relationship of coronary artery calcification (CA) and morphometric parameters of local fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods. 125 patients with stable coronary artery disease aged 59±8.9 years were examined. Visualization of local fat depots, abdominal fat depots, and coronary calcification (CC) was performed using multislice computed tomography with subsequent post-processing of images on the Siemens Leonardo workstation (Germany). Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the heart was used to determine the EAT thickness.

Results. Coronary calcification was detected in 95.2% of the examined patients with coronary artery disease (n = 119). There were higher indices of the EAT thickness of the right and left ventricles in case of massive CC, the thickness of the pericardial adipose tissue at the level of the trunk of the left coronary, anterior descending, circumflex arteries, and increased morphometry indices of the abdominal fat depot in comparison with the patients who had moderate and medium CC.

Conclusion. An increase in the volume of adipose tissue of the myocardium and vessels in CAD is associated with massive calcification, which is reflected in the pathogenetic “adipovascular” continuum, characterized by the stimulation of adipogenesis against the background of atherocalcinosis of the coronary arteries. Morphometry of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue during routine tomographic studies is a non-invasive technique for determining a surrogate marker of severe coronary lesions.
Global expansion of tertiary education and the position of young people in the labour market
Authors: Agranovich M. L. , Dreneva A. A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The explosive growth of tertiary education around the world calls attention to how this affects the employment of young graduates.

Aim. The current research paper is aimed to analyse how the growth of young people’s participation in tertiary education is reflected in the change of their employment and economic activity.

Methodology and research methods. The comparative and correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between changes in the education attainment of young people and the dynamics of employment and economic activity indicators by levels of education. The article deals with educational statistics data from OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in OECD educational research.

Results. The results of the analysis presented in the article show that the growth of tertiary education leads to an increase in the unemployment rate among the young population; however, this is true only for the least advanced programmes, while there is an increase in the employment rate for master’s degree graduates. Economic activity among young graduates with a master’s degree grew faster after the 2009 crisis than among graduates of other tertiary education programmes. Master’s degree graduates were in a better position during the crisis of 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Scientific novelty. The authors presented a detailed analysis of the growth in the scale of tertiary education and the changes of status in the labour market indicators of graduates of different tertiary education programmes.

Practical significance of the study lies in the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the field of development of tertiary education based on the goal of increasing youth employment.
Students’ struggles with EMI in Kazakhstani universities
Authors: Tajik M. A. , Akhmetova G. Y. , Fillipova L. N. , Shamatov D. A. , Zhunussova G. D.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Fascination with English medium instruction (EMI) is fast growing in higher education institutions in non-native English-speaking countries, including Kazakhstan. The Kazakhstani government adopted a trilingual education policy in 2007 and the Bologna Process in 2010. Both these initiatives motivated universities to offer academic programmes in the English language. As a result, EMI programmes are offered in over 70 higher education institutions across Kazakhstan. In addition, there are four major Kazakhstani universities which offer academic programmes in English only. Despite the increase in the number of EMI programmes, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the difficulties and challenges faced by students in the EMI programmes.

Aim. The present study aimed to investigate the nature, forms, and levels of challenges graduate students face in academic reading and writing in English and the way they cope with these challenges. The study was conducted with graduate students and faculty in 10 selected Kazakhstani universities, which offer academic programmes in EMI.

Research methodology and methods. The study is based on a mixed-method design, involving an online survey and semi-structured interviews. The closed-ended questions have been analysed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The grounded theory analysis was utilised to scrutinise open-ended questions and interview transcripts.

Results and scientific novelty. The study’s results indicated two major challenges faced by graduate students in academic reading and writing: the personal-psychological challenge and sociological challenge. The first challenge includes students’ previous academic backgrounds, exposure, and learning experiences. The second challenge is related to English academic culture and students’ worldviews, concepts, and values about English as a language and medium of instruction. As a result, graduate students experienced a lack of vocabulary, inadequate academic literacy skills, unfamiliarity with academic writing styles in English, and lack of skills to synthesise reading materials.

Practical significance. Hence, this study recommends systematising English language programmes across secondary and higher education institutions to help students acquire advanced English language proficiency. Also, the study results suggest that local faculty members should be trained according to international standards in terms of their English language skills and innovative teaching methods.
Planificación y manejo de conflictos basado en fast marching square para UAVs en entornos 3D de grandes dimensiones
Authors: López Palomino Blanca , Muñoz Mendi Javier , Moreno Lorente Luis Enrique
Published: October 2022

Los sistemas multi UAV se alzan en la actualidad como una solución potente a la hora de desempeñar y agilizar tareas que pueden resultar peligrosas o tediosas para las personas: tareas de búsqueda y rescate, inspección y vigilancia de instalaciones, entrega de mercancías, tareas de agricultura y conservación de la vida silvestre, etc. En este contexto, este trabajo propone una estrategia rápida de planicación de trayectorias en entornos 3D de grandes dimensiones para UAVs basada en Fast Marching Square y un sencillo y eficiente control de velocidad basado en prioridades como método de resolución de conflictos entre vehículos. El rendimiento del algoritmo se evalúa en base a ciertas medidas estadísticas recogidas convenientemente a lo largo de simulaciones.
Actualización del módulo de sujeción de un robot autónomo subterráneo
Authors: Yagüez Jorge , Martínez de la Casa Santiago , Balaguer Carlos
Published: October 2022

Este artículo presenta las diversas mejoras realizadas en el módulo de sujeción del robot autónomo subterráneo BADGER, que permite la realización de canalizaciones para cables o tuberías sin necesidad de realizar una excavación a cielo abierto. Es importante tener una buena sujeción con el terreno para así poder realizar el empuje del robot y excavar; para ello se utiliza un módulo que ejerce una presión contra el terreno que rodea al robot mediante la expansión de una cámara de aire.
Analysis of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of humeral condyle fractures
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Nosivets D.S. , Vinnik A.A. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: October 2022

Introduction Fractures of the humeral condyle make up 0.5-5.0 % of all fractures and about 30.0 % of adult elbow fractures. Complications develop in 18.0-85.0 % of cases and 29.9 % of the injured have signs of disability, giving these fractures a reputation of injuries with a poor prognosis for functional recovery. Objective To improve the treatment results of the injured with humeral condyle fractures by developing differential treatment tactics taking into account the biomechanical characteristics of the injured anatomical structures. Material and methods The authors analyzed the results of conservative and surgical treatment of 194 patients with fractures of the humeral condyle. The average age of the patients was 50.2 years (range from 19 to 89 years); there were 75 (38.7 %) males and 119 (61.3 %) females. Based on the method of treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups, each group included a control subgroup and the results of treatment were analyzed. The main subgroup of the clinical group 1 (surgical treatment) consisted of 99 patients with an average age of 49.1 years (range from 19 to 85 years). There were 49 (49.5 %) men and 50 (50.5 %) women. The control subgroup of the clinical group 1 (surgical treatment) consisted of 41 patients with an average age of 51.4 years (from 21 to 89 years). There were 17 (41.5 %) men and 24 (58.5 %) women. The main subgroup of the clinical group 2 (conservative treatment) consisted of 29 patients with an average age of 51.2 years (from 21 to 88 years). There were 5 (17.2 %) men and 24 (82.8 %) women. The control subgroup of the clinical group 2 (conservative treatment) consisted of 25 patients with an average age of 52.9 years (from 21 to 87 years). There were 4 (16.0 %) men and 21 (84.5 %) women. The fractures were rated according to the AO classification: type 13A – 15 (7.7 %) individuals, type 13B - 40 (20.7 %) subjects and type 13C – 139 (71.6 %) patients. Results The mean duration of follow-up was 39.0 ± 1.0 months (7 to 48 months from injury). The mean range of motion in the elbow joint was 110.5 ± 1.2º (50º to 140º), the mean score on the Mayo clinic scale was 81.7 ± 0.9 (45 to 100), and on the Score Scale was 62.7 ± 0.7 (38 to 76). Excellent functional results were obtained in 95 (49.0 %) patients (p < 0.001), good – in 41 (21.2 %) (p < 0.001), fair – in 28 (14.4 %) (p < 0.001) and poor – in 30 (15.5 %) patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion Differentiated treatment tactics in humeral condyle fractures permitted to obtain positive results in 92.2 % (p < 0.001) of the patients in comparison with 89.4 % (p < 0.001) of the control group and to decrease the number of complications by 20.2 % (p < 0.001).
Sacralization of the L5 vertebra (Bertolotti syndrome): literature review
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Skryabin E.G.
Published: October 2022

Introduction The resultant cause of pain syndrome in the lumbosacral spine in the contemporary population are dysplasia and anomalies of the development of vertebral segments, among which the sacralization of the L5 vertebra (Bertolotti syndrome) is often diagnosed. In the domestic medical literature, few publications on this pathology have been found. Methods Scientific studies for this literature review were obtained from PubMed, eLIBRARY, CYBERLENINNKA. Eighty scientific articles were used. The search for literature sources was carried out with the following keywords: sacralization of the L5 vertebra, Bertolotti Syndrome. Results and discussion In the course of the analysis, it was established that the rate of diagnosis of sacralization of the L5 vertebra ranges from 4 to 36 % of cases. It is equally detected among males and females. This pathology is frequently found in children and adolescents. Pain in the lumbar spine and sacrum is the leading clinical symptom of the disease. The severity of pain on the visual analogue scale mainly corresponds to 5 points. Scoliosis, spondylolistesis, herniated disks, spina bifida posterior may exacerbate the clinical symptoms of the associated sacralization of the L5 vertebra. During the examination of patients, plain radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used. Cases of sacralization of the L5 vertebra are divided into 7 types, according to the classification of A.E. Castellvi et al. (1984). Treatment of vertebrogenic pain syndrome is carried out both conservatively (drug therapy, therapeutic blockades) and surgically (resection of the L5 transverse process, decompression of the stenotic intervertebral foramina, transpedicular fusion, radiofrequency ablation).
Evolution of optical diagnosis of spinal deformity. Methods and future development (literature review)
Authors:   Yord Tech, Perm, Russian Federation, Shitoev I.D. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation, Muravev S.V. ,   Yord Tech, Perm, Russian Federation, Karakulova Yu.V. ,   E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russian Federation, Pecherskiy V.I. ,   Clinical Sanatorium-dispensary «Rodnik», Perm, Russian Federation, Nikitin V.N. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation,   ScolView, Perm, Russian Federation, Kloyan G.Z. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Introduction Diagnosis of spinal deformities in children and adolescents is important for continuous development of modern traumatology and orthopaedics. Methods of optical diagnosis of scoliosis and postural disorders have been rapidly improving along with optical and digital assessment technologies over the past centuries and required a structural analysis of the accumulated data. The purpose was to explore clinical and technical aspects of optical diagnosis of spinal deformities. Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic eLibrary. The search depth was 10 years. Results The article presents a review of the methods historically developed in optical diagnosis of spinal deformities. Major methods and systems of optical diagnosis presented included moire topography, the ISIS system, modern methods of computer optical topography (raster stereography) photogrammetric methods used in clinical medicine and in trauma and orthopaedics. Characteristics of the methods and systems are described with advantages and disadvantages discussed. The article reports evaluated accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of optical diagnostic methods. The article presents the latest information about the possibilities of introducing technology for assessing spinal deformity using modern personal telecommunication devices. Conclusion The evolution of modern trends in optical diagnosis of spinal deformity is important for medicine to facilitate safety, greater accuracy, ease of operation, digitalization and development of the Internet of Medical Things.
COUNTERA CTION TO CYBERCRIME IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: CRIMINOLOGICAL AND VICTIMOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Симонова С.С.
Published: October 2022

Проанализированы статистические данные по киберпреступлениям. Представлен вывод, согласно которому для профилактики преступлений, совершаемых с помощью информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей, необходим комплексный подход – сочетание правовых, социальных и технических мер. Предложено широкое толкование термина «киберпреступность» для возможности его применения не только в уголовном праве, но и в других отраслях российского права. Рассмотрен мировой, российский и региональный опыт предупреждения и виктимологической профилактики киберпреступлений.

Statistical data on cybercrimes are analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that for the prevention of crimes committed with the help of information and telecommunication networks, an integrated approach is needed: a combination of legal, social and technical measures. A broad interpretation of the term «cybercrime» is proposed for the possibility of its application not only in criminal law, but also in other branches of Russian law. The world, Russian and regional experience of prevention and victimological prevention of cybercrime is considered.
18 Politically relevant solar geoengineering scenarios
Authors: Lockley Andrew , Xu Yangyang , Tilmes Simone , Sugiyama Masahiro , Rothman Dale , Hindes Adrian
Published: October 2022

Solar geoengineering, also known as Solar Radiation Modification (SRM), has been proposed to alter Earth’s radiative balance to reduce the effects of anthropogenic climate change. SRM has been identified as a research priority, as it has been shown to effectively reduce surface temperatures, while substantial uncertainties remain around side effects and impacts. Global modeling studies of SRM have often relied on idealized scenarios to understand the physical processes of interventions and their widespread impacts. These extreme or idealized scenarios are not directly policy-relevant and are often physically implausible (such as imposing global solar reduction to counter the warming of an instantaneous quadrupling of CO2). The climatic and ecological impacts of politically relevant and potentially plausible SRM approaches have rarely been modeled and assessed. Nevertheless, commentators and policymakers often falsely assume that idealized or extreme scenarios are proposed solutions to climate change. This paper proposes 18 scenarios that appear to be broadly plausible from political and Earth System perspectives and encompass futures that could be both warnings or perhaps desirable. We place these scenarios into four groups following broader strategic contexts: (1) Global Management; (2) Regional Emergencies; (3) Coordinated Regional Interventions; and (4) Reactive Global Interventions. For each scenario, relevant model experiments are proposed. Some may be performed with existing setups of global climate models, while others require further specification. Developing and performing these model experiments – and assessing likely resulting impacts on society and ecosystems – would be essential to inform public debate and policymakers on the real-world issues surrounding SRM.
Natural convection between hot and cold cylinders in enclosed space filled with copper-water nanofluid
Authors: LAIDOUDI Houssem , AMEUR Houari
Published: October 2022

The present contribution is a numerical investigation of the natural convection between two circular objects, where the first one is hot and the second is cold. Both cylinders are placed in an enclosed adiabatic cavity filled with copper-water nanofluid. The cylinders are arranged horizontally in the middle of cavity height. The main target of this paper it to examine the effects of geometrical configurations and the thermo-physical characteristics of nanofluid on the fluid motion and heat transfer rates. The study is conducted for various parameters: Rayleigh number (Ra = 103 to 105), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ = 0 to 10%), the diameter of cylinders (d/H = 0.2 to 0.4), and the gap spacing between cylinder (S/H = 0.25 to 0.7). Also, two cavity shapes are studied (square and circular). The average Nusselt number of the cylinders is computed and plotted as function of the studied parameters. It was concluded that the cavity shape and the particle volume fraction have a negligible effect on the heat transfer rate, whereas the distance between cylinders and the cylinder diameter have a remarkable effect on the flow patterns and convective heat transfer.
Evaluation and optimization of single-effect vapour absorption system for the dairy industry using design of experiment approach
Authors: SOLANKI Alka , PAL Yash
Published: October 2022

Several investigations have emphasized process parameters of single-effect v apour absorption system; yet, the influence of process parameters on thermodynamic performance of the absorption system has not been focussed for the best performance conditions. Several process parameters such as absorber, generator, evaporator, and condenser temperatures influence an absorption refrigeration system’s exergetic and energetic performance. In the present study, the design of experiments has been used for the optimization of process parameters. A 1.5 kW cooling capacity of the LiBr-H2O absorption system has been developed and tested under various operating conditions. Performance characteristics such as in COP and heat dissipated by the condenser (Qc) of the ARS system have been studied at different ranges of operating parameters. For the process parameter optimization, a central composite design under Response Surface Methodology has been used. The m aximum COP and Qc have been obtained as 0.827 and 2488.79, respectively at optimum values of generator temperature (Tg) = 95.1 oC, condenser temperature (Tc) = 45.3 oC, absorber temperature (Ta) = 28.4 oC and evaporator temperature (Te) =15 oC. The optimum conditions obtained by the design of experiments have been validated through experiments on the ARS system, and experiments have been conducted at closer conditions of the optimized values of the operating parameters and found the maximum COP and Qc as 0.926 and 2518.01, respectively. The results of this paper have been very useful in designing a better vapour absorption system.
Considerações sobre o Adicional ao Frete para a Renovação da Marinha Mercante - AFRMM, à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Alexandre Tomaschitz Alexandre , Timm do Valle Maurício Dalri , Trevisan Rosaldo
Published: October 2022

O AFRMM (Adicional ao Frete para a Renovação da Marinha Mercante) foi criado com o intuito de promover o desenvolvimento da marinha mercante e da indústria de construção e reparação naval brasileiras e destina-se a atender aos encargos da intervenção da União nas atividades da navegação mercante. Antes da Constituição Federal de 1988, o AFRMM, segundo o Supremo Tribunal Federal, possuía a natureza jurídica de “contribuição parafiscal” e era considerado constitucional, segundo o regime jurídico vigente à época. Com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, cabe indagar com qual natureza jurídico-tributária o AFRMM foi recepcionado pelo novo regime constitucional e se a exação continua constitucional à luz de tal regime.
A distopia nossa de cada dia: a violência contra a mulher refletida na literatura especulativa feminista
Authors: Moreira Nelson Camatta , Bitti Leal Vieira Claudia
Published: October 2022

O artigo visa abordar a literatura distópica feminista como pano de fundo na denúncia da invisibilidade e naturalização da violência contra a mulher na sociedade brasileira atual, sob a ótica da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos. Argumenta-se, com apoio em Žižek e Yebra, que a ideologia patriarcal dessensibiliza a sociedade quanto às manifestações de violência contra a mulher. A literatura pode representar um ponto de partida para a conscientização social. Nesse sentido, são analisadas as obras O conto da aia, de Margaret Atwood, e O poder, de Naomi Alderman. A partir do referencial de David Sánchez Rubio, busca-se expor a aproximação entre os propósitos da literatura distópica e da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos na desnaturalização de desigualdades e rejeição da complacência quanto à distância entre a teoria e prática dos direitos humanos.
Inteligência artificial e o positivismo jurídico: benefícios e obstáculos para efetivação da justiça
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Ribeiro  de Oliveira Wolowski Matheus
Published: October 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise dos benefícios e desvantagens envolvendo a inteligência artificial nos processos decisórios. Parte-se da hipótese de que a inteligência artificial tende a ser positivista em suas decisões, uma vez que os algoritmos são programados para interpretar normas e princípios. Assim, busca-se analisar o contexto do positivismo no direito brasileiro e quais as consequências benéficas e prejudiciais no uso da inteligência artificial. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo, através de premissas de Kelsen e Bobbio e análise crítica de Lênio Streck. Ao final, extraem-se algumas conclusões sobre a complexidade hermenêutica que envolve o processo decisório, apontando-se para cautelas quanto ao uso irrestrito da Inteligência Artificial nos processos decisórios, prevalecendo a supervisão e soberania humana para efetivação da justiça.
Simulation-based Learning Experiences in Stuttering Management Delivered Online: What Do Students, Clinical Educators and Simulated Patients Think?
Authors: Penman Adriana , Waite Monique , Hill Anne E. , Leslie Taliesha-jayne , Whelan Brooke-Mai , Whitehead Andrea
Published: October 2022

Speech pathology students are required to demonstrate competency across a range of practice areas. There are, however, limited opportunities for students to access clinical placements in the area of stuttering. Simulation-based learning (SBL) activities have proven to be effective in increasing students’ clinical experience in this area. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of in-person SBL programs was not feasible, resulting in a shift to online provision. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of students, clinical educators and simulated patients who participated in an online adult stuttering SBL experience. Ten first-year graduate entry Masters program speech pathology students participated in the study alongside four clinical educators and four simulated patients. The experience involved two online SBL sessions and one online tutorial via videoconferencing from separate locations. Each participant group engaged in focus group interviews exploring their perceptions of the online SBL activity. Thematic network analysis of the focus group interview data was conducted. Overall interpretation of the data from the perspectives of students, clinical educators and simulated patients revealed an overarching global theme that online SBL offers a positive, comfortable and comparable experience to enable students to build client-centred, clinical and telepractice skills. The positive outcomes of this study suggest that together with in-person clinical experiences, online SBL has an important role in the education of speech pathology students.
Intra-abdominal cystic lesions after ventriculoperitoneal shunting
Authors: BAŞARAN GÜNDOĞDU Elif , OZCAKİR Esra
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Definitive diagnosis is essential for the medical and surgical management of pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. In patients with a VP shunt, abdominal complications have been well described, among which abdominal pseudo cysts are uncommon. In this report, we present our experience in terms of the multi-disciplinary management of intra-abdominal cystic lesions associated with the VP shunt procedure. Methods: From 2016 to 2021, 245 VP shunt procedures were performed in our institution. Intra-abdominal cystic lesions were recorded as intra-abdominal complications (abdominal pseudocyst, intestinal subserosal bowel cyst, and scrotal cyst) in 3 patients. For these patients we retrospectively collected data on medical history, complaints, diagnosis, treatment procedure, and postoperative results. The study was performed on 2 male and 1 female patients. The average patient age was 11.6 months (5 months to 1.5 years). The most common complaint was that of abdominal distention with ileus symptoms. The average time of admission after the catheterization of VP shunt was 1 month; laparotomy was performed for 2 patients in whom treatment was needed for high ligation. Results: A VP shunt operation is followed by abdominal complications in about 5%-47% of all cases. These complications are manifested as ileus symptoms, such as vomiting, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain with intestinal obstruction. Conclusions: In pediatric patients with VP shunts, a shunt catheter-induced abdominal cystic formation should always be considered a complication. Management of these cystic lesions requires the use of a multi-disciplinary approach with neurosurgery and pediatric surgery for treatment.
On the possibility of using shaped charges with combined liners to obtain aluminum particles with speeds at the 16 km/s level
Authors: Fedorov S.V. , Kolpakov V.I. , Vinogradova E.P. , Bolotina I.A.
Published: October 2022

Explosive gun launchers are used to test rocket and space technology systems for persistence to the effects of meteoroids and fragments of space debris. Based on numerical simulation in the framework of a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem of continuum mechanics, possibilities of obtaining aluminum particles with speeds of up to 16 km/s were considered using shaped charges with a combined shaped charge liners. A high-speed particle is formed as a result of the “cut-off” by the collapsing cylindrical part of the head section combined liner of the jet flow appearing during the collapse of the liner jet-forming part. Simulation was carried out in regard to a shaped charge with the 100 mm diameter using the ANSYS/AUTODYN and ERUDIT computer systems. To achieve the objective set, the liner jet-forming part was of digressive thickness, and its limiting surfaces had the shape of semi-ellipsoid surfaces or revolution semi super ellipsoid. Based on the calculation results, combined liner geometric parameters were selected making it possible to form an aluminum particle with a speed at the 16 km/s level and its mass of tenths of a gram.
Entre réclusion et délivrance : poétique de l’espace dans Le corps de ma mère de Faouzia Zouari
Authors: Herzi Sabrine
Published: October 2022

Étant considérée par les critiques comme un art essentiellement temporel, la littérature se caractérise aussi par une ‘spatialité’, comme le souligne d’ailleurs Genette dans sa Figure II. En effet, le temps, les personnages et l’espace sont des composantes à pied d’égalité. Ceci dit, que l’espace est « une composante essentielle de la machine narrative » (Mitterand, 1980, pp. 211-212), qui détermine les relations entre les personnages et influe, d’une façon ou d’une autre, sur leurs actions. De fait, l’espace n’est pas un simple élément scénique, il établit des liens complexes avec les autres éléments du récit (temps, personnages et péripéties). L’analyse de ces liens et des significations de ces éléments révèle la façon dont le cadre spatial est perçu ou conçu. Dans Le corps de ma mère de Faouzia Zouari, la narratrice évoque la vie des femmes bédouines de Tunisie, et celle de sa mère, en particulier. Elle relate l’influence de l’espace dans laquelle cette dernière évolue, comment celle-ci est parvenue à se libérer d’une longue tradition ancestrale particulièrement contraignante pour les femmes, et décrit les mutations survenues avec la révolution du Jasmin. Le livre se compose de trois parties, et chacune d’elle se caractérise par son cadre spatial spécifique. Celui qui domine la première et la troisième partie, ‘le corps de ma mère’ et ‘l’exil de ma mère’, est Tunis (la capitale) et ses ‘cités de béton’. La romancière nous livre, dans ces deux chapitres, le récit familial extraordinaire de Yamna, sa mère qui a vécu dans un petit village de Tunisie, recluse pendant cinquante ans dans sa maison. Puis, malade, la vieille femme s’est trouvée déracinée à Tunis, où ses enfants insistaient pour qu’elle se fasse soignée. A l’hôpital moderne où elle va mourir, elle est accompagnée par ses filles, pour faire des confessions qui laissent transparaitre une perception de l’espace qui repose sur l’ambivalence entre réclusion et délivrance. La deuxième partie décrit le fossé entre campagne et grande ville en Tunisie, entre cultures traditionnelles, religion, superstition, djinns, coutumes ancestrales, contes et modernisation. L’opposition entre l’espace urbain et l’espace rural, en particulier le réquisitoire dressé contre la capitale, puis le corps féminin comme espace idéologique feront les objets de notre présente étude.
A HyFlex learning measurement model based on students’ cognitive learning styles to create equitable learning
Authors: Daud Mahande Ridwan , Abdal Nurul Mukhlisah
Published: October 2022

This article reports on a study that aims to develop and empirically test a measurement model of several constructs of cognitive learning styles, HyFlex learning modalities, and equitable learning with the assumptions of the indicators that build them. A total of 451 students from state universities and private universities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with previous online study experience, participated in the online survey. To investigate the interaction between cognitive learning style constructs and equitable HyFlex learning modalities, each used a set of indicators/items developed from Kirton's adaptation-innovation theory constructs, Felder-Silverman Learning Style with three HyFlex learning modalities, and equity pedagogy. Analysis of the measurement model was conducted using Smart-PLS software. The results of the measurement model analysis reveal the indicators that build the constructs of cognitive learning styles, HyFlex learning, and equity meet validity and reliability. The results of this study present alternative instruments to explain HyFlex learning constructs and indicators based on cognitive learning styles to create equitable learning in higher education.
Keywords: HyFlex learning, Kirton’s cognitive theory, Felder-Silverman learning styles, equity pedagogy
The effectiveness of online learning platforms in foreign language teaching
Authors: Pichugin Vitaly , Panfilov Alexey , Volkova Elena
Published: October 2022

One way to teach foreign languages remotely is to exploit online learning platforms. The article investigates the effectiveness of online learning platforms in Foreign English language learning. The students from institutions of higher education were divided into two groups according to the online learning platform. The research finds that ATutor and Moodle platforms are effective in teaching English language remotely. The language competences have improved significantly. The study highlights the benefits of distance learning and advises universities on how to use that information to develop effective online learning programs that can later be implemented during crises. The study results can be used to organize the educational process with learning platforms.

 

Keywords: online platform; distance learning; English language; reading and listening; communicative competences