bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELIABILITY OF SELF-REGULATION AS A RESOURCE FOR GOAL ACHIEVEMENT IN HIGH-RISK OCCUPATIONS
Authors: Morosanovа Varvara I. , Kondratyuk Nailya.G. , Gaidamashko Igor V.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. In occupations with high demands for resistance to stress, the reliability of conscious self-regulation is considered an important factor ensuring personnel reliability. This interdisciplinary study takes place at the intersection of general psychology, psychology of self-regulation, labor psychology, professional psychology, and extreme psychology. Objective. To study the reliability of self-regulation as a universal and special resource for achieving goals under stressful conditions in high-risk occupations. Methodology. Representatives of high-risk occupations — sailors (N = 139), pilots (N = 33), rescuers (N = 123) — and low-risk professions (teachers, N = 154) took part in the study. Individual differences in self-regulation and its reliability under stress were assessed by means of the Self-Regulation Profile Questionnaire (V.I. Morosanova & N.G. Kondratyuk, 2011). Results. Self-regulation and its reliability in stressful conditions were found to be significantly greater among the high-risk professions than the low-risk ones. There were no significant differences in self-regulation reliability between the different groups of high-risk professionals. Using one-way ANOVA and Cohen’s effect size measures, differences in self-regulation variables were found between experts and novices for different professional groups. Among sailors and pilots, significant differences were found between experts and novices only for one variable: reliability of self-regulation. Quite the opposite result was obtained for the teachers: Experts differ significantly from novices in all self-regulation parameters except for reliability of self-regulation. Conclusion. The study substantiated the view that reliability of self-regulation is a universal and special regulatory resource for professional goal achievement. The research results allow us to conclude that in high-risk occupations, reliability of self-regulation may serve as a professional resource ensuring efficiency, faultless operation, and safety.
CONCEPTUALIZATION ISSUES OF SOCIAL EMOTIONS AND COLLECTIVE EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE (PEREZHIVANIE) IN MODERN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: COMMEMORATION TO THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF T.G.STEFANENKO
Authors: Lipatov S.A.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. It is traditional for socio-psychological research to study a large social group as a subject of social representations, rather than experiences — in other words, in existing studies, attention is paid mainly to the cognitive component of the “group response” to certain social events. T.G. Stefanenko argued that the socio-psychological approach to the study of changes in society should include an analysis of not only the processes of social cognition regarding newly emerged or transformed social objects, but also emotional reactions, unconscious expectations, and fears caused by changes, general feelings and experiences. This position involves the inclusion of new categories in the conceptual apparatus of psychological knowledge, as well as clarifying the content of existing categories. In this case, we are talking about such a category as collective experiences. Objective. Description of the theoretical and empirical problems that T.G. Stefanenko was directly involved with in the research project “Perezhivanie (experiencing) Social Problems with Representatives of Various Social Groups of Modern Russian Society” (Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, 2012-2014). Methods. Review and analysis of research on the study of perezhivanie, collective perezhivanie, and social emotions. Results. The basic approaches to the study of perezhivanie, collective perezhivanie, and social emotions in Russian and Western psychological literature are considered. The concept of “collective perezhivanie” is compared with the category of “perezhivanie” developed in Russian general psychology, as well as the construct “collective (social) emotions” developed in Western social psychology. The results of an international cross-cultural study of social emotions (guilt, shame, regret, embarrassment, etc.) in which T.G. Stefanenko took part are briefly described. Conclusion. Despite methodological difficulties and the lack of unity in the conceptualization of collective perezhivanie, the study of social perezhivanie and emotions seems to be a fruitful approach to empirical socio-psychological studies of the characteristics of perception and interpretation of various social processes at the level of everyday consciousness.
FACTORS RELATED TO DISRESPECTFUL ATTITUDE TO PARENTS IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Konovalova Alexandra M.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The article is devoted to the study of adolescents who do not have evaluative and/or prescribed respect for their parents as well as presents factors associated with disrespectful attitude to their parents: gender, family composition, financial security of the family, social status of the parent, features of upbringing and child-parent relationships. The disrespect for parents has not yet been studied in detail Objective. Identification of factors contributing to disrespectful attitude of adolescents towards their parents. Sample. In total, 294 people participated in the study: 218 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years; 76 parents of these adolescents aged 33 to 48 years. Methods. Adolescents were offered the author’s questionnaire “Respect for Parents”, the ADOR method — “Adolescents about Parents”, Parents answered questions from “Analysis of Family Relationships” (AFR). Results. Four groups of adolescents were identified based on cluster analysis of “Respect for parents” method: respectful, disrespectful, evaluatively respectful, and prescriptively respectful. It was found that boys do not respect their parents more often than girls. Adolescents from single-parent families are also more likely to disrespect their parents. The gender of the parent is not related to respect indicators. The social success of the parent and the financial security of the family are important factors associated with the respect of adolescents for their parents. The relationship of a large number of features of parenting and child-parent relations (both in the perception of adolescents — ADOR method and their parents — AFR method) with indicators of respect for parents among adolescents was analyzed. Conclusion. Adolescents may not have evaluative respect (conscious deference, the result of evaluating a person) or prescribed respect (the result of assimilating social norms of honoring elders) for their parents, or they may not fully respect them. Adolescents do not respect parents who lack psychological acceptance of children, lack parental feelings, and are hostile to them. Also, adolescents do not respect parents who show dominant hyperprotection
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORECASTING AND IDENTIFICATION OF MENTAL STATES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING AND COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH HEARING DISORDERS
Authors: Akhmetzyanova Anna I. , Artemieva T.V. , Artischiva L.V.
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The ability of children with hearing impairments to recognize and determine their own conditions and those around them, to build adequate forecasts determines the success in socializing, in their interaction with others, both adults and peers, and in establishing relationships with them, which determines the relevance of the study. The objective of the study is to determine the specifics of the relationship between the processes of identifying mental states, predicting and criteria for the success of interaction between children and other people measured by communication skills and emotional well-being / distress. The following methods were used: “Emotional faces” (N.Y. Semago), “Ugadayka” (L.I. Peresleni and V.L. Podobed), “Methodology for determining the level of development of the communicative abilities of preschool children” (N.E. Veraksa), “Scale of emotional distress and atypical behavior” (A.M. Kazmin, N.A. Konovko, O.G. Salnikova, E.K. Tupitsina, E.V. Fedina). Sample. The study involved 15 preschoolers with hearing impairment , 100 preschoolers without hearing impairment, 16 children of primary school age with hearing impairment, and 40 - without hearing impairment. Results. It was found that the processes of predicting and identifying mental states are interrelated; the relationship is mediated by other variables (emotional well-being, communication skills), the structure of the relationship is deteriorating with age in children with and without hearing impairments. The following conclusions were drawn: the structure of prognosis for children with normotypical development and hearing impairment has a general tendency in dynamics ( secondary variables fallout) and specific signs, manifested in the level of complexity and completeness of the structure; having a common foundation (subjective experience) identification and forecasting processes are interconnected only in preschool age; with time their relationship is mediated by additional variables (emotional well-being and communication skills); children with hearing impairments have a less complex structure of the relationship between predicting and identifying mental states against emotional well-being and communication skills.
Refashioning the EU Visa Policy: A New Turn of the Screw to Cooperation on Readmission and to Discrimination?
Authors: Nicolosi Salvatore Fabio
Published: December 2020

Since the establishment of the Schengen area, border management has been having momentum within the European Union (EU) and, one of its major building blocks is the common policy on visas. This allows to control who can have access to the Schengen area for short stays that do not exceed three months over any six-month period.

This article investigates how the EU visa policy has been influenced by the ever-evolving migratory dynamics towards the EU. Focusing on the latest reform of the Common Code on Visa, which has entered into force in 2020, this article argues that the new approach to conditionality in EU migration law has consolidated the intertwining between the EU visa policy and cooperation on readmission. Over the years, the latter has constituted an incentive for the EU in order to offer visa facilitation regimes or specific visa waivers to nationals of third countries. However, this article criticizes the new mechanism, introduced by the recent reform, and providing the European Commission with the mandate to propose specific restrictive measures related to visa processing and visa fee in case of a lack of cooperation especially on readmission. In an attempt to shed light on the legal concerns raised by this mechanism, the paper concludes that it even emphasises the discriminatory effects of the EU visa policy and, more generally, it impacts on the cooperation with third countries within the EU General Approach to Migration and Mobility.
Neither Holy nor Well: Persistent Sadness in American Catholic Advice Literature
Authors: Sain Barbara
Published: December 2020

Statements about sadness in American Catholic advice literature in the 1930s–1950s reveal a mix of emotional experiences, ideals, and strategies. While sadness and grief are recognised as part of ordinary life, deep and persistent sadness is described as incompatible with the hope and cheerfulness expected of a Christian. The recommendations offered show the influence of traditional Catholic anthropology, current medical practice, psychology and a broader cultural emphasis on willpower. The ideas in these texts would have shaped how some readers experienced sadness. For those whose feelings did not match the norm or yield to recommended strategies, the messages may have intensified their interior emotional conflict and complicated their relationships with others. Examining messages about sadness in Catholic advice literature against the backdrop of broader cultural ideas about emotions allows for insight into the emotional experience of early- to mid-twentieth-century American Catholics.
Making Halal Business in Southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Pak Yana
Published: December 2020

Through the transformation of solidarity groups in Kazakhstan, and their confessionalization, we will try to see whether ‘Islamic economy’ offers a new framework of socio-economic organization and redistribution of wealth through the mobilization and valuation of private initiative and solidarity. Based on fieldwork in Southern Kazakhstan in 2014–16, this article uses qualitative interviews with Sufi entrepreneurs; it shows them driven not only by market demands and economic opportunities, but also by religious thinking and contest, which lead to the gradual emergence of new forms of socio-economic organization nourished by a specific admixture of Islamic values and Soviet-made norms of morality.
From Alchemy to Science
Authors: Pettit Jonathan
Published: December 2020

In premodern China, Daoist priests cultivated and traded herbal drugs. Many priests served as doctors for royal and aristocratic families. Given this long history, it is not surprising that Daoist institutions in present-day China have tapped into a demand for traditional healing. Many temples offer clinics for walk-in patients, and some have established research centers devoted to studying traditional medicine. This paper begins with a vignette from a contemporary temple on Mount Yaowang 藥王山 (Mount Pharma-king), where leaders are currently redeveloping an ancient temple into a research center. On the surface, Mount Yaowang merely carries on the traditions of the past. Throughout the multi-acre compound, visitors are greeted with numerous placards, brochures, and exhibitions emphasizing how the knowledge of Mount Yaowang’s past Daoist doctors still lives on today. Beneath this veneer of antiquity, however, a new and different form of Daoist healthcare is emerging. To recognize the new forms of Daoist healing, this paper builds toward a long-range understanding of Daoist healthcare in traditional and twentieth-century China. The author concludes that despite the apparent conservatism of Daoist leaders’ incorporation of the past, it is actually a radical departure.
Why Questionable Assessment Practices Remain Popular in School Psychology: Instructional Materials as Pedagogic Vehicles
Authors: Farmer Ryan L. , McGill Ryan J. , Dombrowski Stefan C. , Canivez Gary L.
Published: December 2020

Surveys reveal that many school psychologists continue to employ cognitive profile analysis despite the long-standing history of negative research results from this class of practice. This begets the question: why do questionable assessment practices persist in school psychology? To provide insight on this dilemma, this article presents the results of a content analyses of available interpretive resources in the clinical assessment literature that may shed insight on this issue. Although previous reviews have evaluated the content of individual assessment courses, this is the first systematic review of pedagogical resources frequently adopted in reading lists by course instructors. The interpretive guidance offered across tests within these texts was largely homogenous emphasizing the primary interpretation of subscale scores, de-emphasizing interpretation of global composites (i.e., FSIQ), and advocating for the use of some variant of profile analysis to interpret scores and score profiles. Implications for advancing evidence-based assessment in school psychology training and guarding against unwarranted unsupported claims in clinical assessment is discussed.
The cardiac arrest centre for the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest due to presumed cardiac cause – aims, function and structure: Position paper of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care of the European Society of Cardiology (AVCV), European Association of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (EAPCI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Resuscitation Council (ERC), European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)
Authors: Sinning Christoph , Ahrens Ingo , Cariou Alain , Beygui Farzin , Lamhaut Lionel , Halvorsen Sigrun , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Nolan Jerry P , Price Susanna , Monsieurs Koenraad , Behringer Wilhelm , Cecconi Maurizio , Van Belle Eric , Jouven Xavier , Hassager Christian
Published: December 2020

Approximately 10% of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive to hospital discharge. Improved management to improve outcomes is required, and it is proposed that such patients should be preferentially treated in cardiac arrest centres. The minimum requirements of therapy modalities for the cardiac arrest centre are 24/7 availability of an on-site coronary angiography laboratory, an emergency department, an intensive care unit, imaging facilities such as echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and a protocol outlining transfer of selected patients to cardiac arrest centres with additional resources (out-of-hospital cardiac arrest hub hospitals). These hub hospitals are regularly treating a high volume of patients and offer further treatment modalities. This consensus document describes the aims, the minimal requirements for therapeutic modalities and expertise, and the structure, of a cardiac arrest centre. It represents a consensus among the major European medical associations and societies involved in the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.
Long noncoding RNA MIR31HG and its splice variants regulate proliferation and migration: prognostic implications for muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Wu Sheng , Nitschke Katja , Worst Thomas Stefan , Fierek Alexander , Weis Cleo-Aron , Eckstein Markus , Porubsky Stefan , Kriegmair Maximilian , Erben Philipp
Published: December 2020

Background

Growing evidence supports the pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of cancer development and progression. Their expression patterns and biological function in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remain elusive.

Methods

Transcript levels of lncRNA miR-31 host gene (MIR31HG) and its splice variants were measured in our MIBC cohort (n = 102) by qRT-PCR, and validated in silico by the TCGA cohort (n = 370). Kaplan-Meier and multiple Cox regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the survival significance of MIR31HG and its splice variants. Functional experiments were performed to examine the proliferation and migration abilities of MIR31HG and its splice variants by knockdown approaches.

Results

In this study, a decreased expression of MIR31HG was found in bladder cancer cells and tissues, except in the basal subtype. Survival analysis showed that high expression of MIR31HG was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with MIBC of basal subtype. Two splice variants of MIR31HG lacking exon 1 (MIR31HGΔE1) and exon 3 (MIR31HGΔE3) were identified to have specific expression patterns in different molecular subtypes of our MIBC cohort. MIR31HGΔE3 was highly expressed in basal subtype tumors. A high expression of MIR31HGΔE1 and MIR31HGΔE3 was associated with worse OS and DFS in our cohort. In vitro experiments revealed that knockdown of MIR31HG inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in bladder cancer. Cell proliferation and migration assays after knockdown of splice variants of MIR31HG showed corresponding roles for the full-length transcript.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that MIR31HG and its splice variants could serve as biomarkers for the classification and prognosis prediction of patients with MIBC.
Correction to: Definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells through serum/feeder-free organoid-induced differentiation
Authors: Demirci Selami , Haro-Mora Juan J. , Leonard Alexis , Drysdale Claire , Malide Daniela , Keyvanfar Keyvan , Essawi Khaled , Vizcardo Raul , Tamaoki Naritaka , Restifo Nicholas P. , Tisdale John F. , Uchida Naoya
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Alpha-beta transition induced by C18-conjugation of polyalanine and its implication in aqueous solution behavior of poly(ethylene glycol)-polyalanine block copolymers
Authors: Park Min Hee , Park Jinkyung , Lee Hyun Jung , Jeong Byeongmoon
Published: December 2020

Background

The aqueous solution behavior of thermosensitive PEG-PA block copolymers as well as secondary structure of PA is expected to significantly change through modification of the hydrophobic PA by long chain alkyl (C18) groups with different configurations.

Method

Oleoyl and stearoyl (C18) groups were conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-alanine) (PEG-PA; EG45A16) diblock copolymers to compare their conjugation effect on nano-assemblies and corresponding aqueous solution behavior of the polymers.

Results

Due to the nature of a hydrophilic PEG block and a hydrophobic PA or C18-modified PA, PEG-PA, oleoyl group-conjugated PEG-PA (PEG-PAO), and stearoyl group-conjugated PEG-PA (PEG-PAS) block copolymers form micelles in water. Compared with PEG-PA, the micelle size of PEG-PAO and PEG-PAS increased. Circular dichroism and FTIR spectra of aqueous polymer solutions showed that β sheet content increased, whereas α helix content decreased by C18 modification of PEG-PA. PEG-PAS showed better performance in ice crystallization inhibition than PEG-PAO. The sol-to-gel transition temperatures of aqueous PEG-PAO solutions were 25–37 °C higher than those of aqueous PEG-PA solutions, whereas aqueous PEG-PAS solutions remained as gels in the temperature range of 0–80 °C. 1H-NMR spectra indicated that the oleoyl groups increased core mobility, whereas stearoyl groups decreased the core mobility of the micelles in water. The difference in micromobility between PAO and PAS interfered or promoted gelation of the aqueous polymer solutions, respectively.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a hydrophobic C18-modification of polypeptide induces α helix-to-β sheet transition of the polypeptide; however, aqueous solution behaviors including ice recrystallization inhibition and gelation are significantly affected by the nature of the hydrophobic molecule.

Graphical abstract
Mammary and extramammary myofibroblastoma: multimodality imaging features with clinicopathologic correlation, management and outcomes in a series of 23 patients
Authors: Wickre Mark , Valencia Elizabeth , Solanki Malvika , Glazebrook Katrina
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging appearance, diagnosis, and management of mammary and extramammary myofibroblastoma (MFB) in a series of 23 patients.

Methods and materials:

Following institutional review board approval, cases were identified by searching for “myofibroblastoma” in radiology reports. Multimodality imaging and pathological features were assessed.

Results:

23 cases of myofibroblastoma were identified in 15 males and 8 females. Most cases were in the breast (20/23, 87%), presenting as a palpable mass or discovered incidentally on mammography in females or chest CT in males. Extramammary MFB lesions (3/23, 13%) presented with symptoms related to mass effect. At imaging, MFB most often demonstrated an oval or irregular mass that was hypoechoic or heterogeneously echogenic with variable margins. MRI showed T2 hyperintensity, diffusion restriction, and plateau kinetics. Extramammary MFB appeared as an enhancing mass with variable fat content and T2 intensity.

Conclusion:

Here we describe imaging and clinicopathological features of mammary and extramammary myofibroblastoma.

Advances in knowledge:

Imaging description of this rare tumor is limited in the literature, and to date this is the largest case series describing the imaging findings.
Why is bank credit in Brazil the most expensive in the world?
Authors: Zeidan Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

The article reviews the scientific literature about the determinants of credit spreads in Brazil. Econometric evidence shows that market concentration, a proxy for (un)competitive behavior, is statistically significant for all studies surveyed. We posit that that higher concentration is part of a well-defined strategy by the Brazilian Central Bank that favors prudence over efficiency. Other variables that help explain why spread in Brazil is among the highest in the world include market microstructure, operating costs, credit risk, opportunity costs, managerial quality, nominal interest rates (SELIC), market concentration, interest rate volatility, earmarked credit, and GDP.
MI-28N OPTICAL DETECTION AND GUIDANCE SYSTEMS
Authors: Sologub Dmitry , Babaev Emil , Batdalov Batdal
Published: December 2020

Книга предназначена для студентов (курсантов), а также технического персонала обслуживающего данное оборудование для ознакомления и подготовки к эксплуатации оптических систем вертолета МИ-28Н, а также его анализа с подобными ему иностранными техниками.
Presentation and script for the student mathematical KVN "Relaxing with mathematics"
Authors: Babicheva Irina
Published: December 2020

Презентация и сценарий для студенческого математического КВН «Отдыхаем с математикой» демонстрируют один из возможных вариантов проведения данного мероприятия. Материалы разработаны для оказания методической поддержки организаторам предметных КВН. В математическом КВН могут участвовать две и более команд по 5-7 человек в каждой. КВН составлен из 10 конкурсов: «Визитная карточка», «Биатлон», «Математики шутят», «Ба! Знакомые все лица!», «Шифровальщики», «Эрудицион», «Математика танцует», «Черный ящик», «Перевертыши» и домашнее задание на тему «Как я люблю математику». Все конкурсы сопровождаются музыкой, встроенной в слайды презентации. Условия проведения конкурсов , содержание, критерии оценивания вынесены на слайды и прописаны в сценарии. Ответы к конкурсам имеются в сценарии КВН. Положение о проведении мероприятия также представлено в сценарии. Продолжительность игры – 2 часа. Для работы жюри разработана судейская таблица. Предлагаемые конкурсы легко адаптировать для проведения КВН по другим дисциплинам, на их базе придумывать новые. Все зависит от задумки и творчества организаторов этой игры.
Corpos violados, corpos esquecidos
Authors: Mendonça Yara De Pina
Published: December 2020

Nos últimos anos, tenho explorado os repertórios da destruição e violência investigando suas marcas e vestígios através de diferentes contextos sociais e históricos, incluindo o momento atual e incerto da democracia. Me refiro, portanto, não apenas aos regimes autoritários de um passado sombrio, mas também ao seu legado de opressão que ainda deixa marcas sobre os corpos e, consequentemente, ao recalcamento das mortes das vítimas com o propósito de destruir a memória de seus nomes. Se, por um lado, essas obras investigam quais marcas e rastros nossas democracias deixam ao repetir a tradição da violência, por outro, elas questionam quem tem direito ao luto e à memória numa sociedade que adota o apagamento de sua história como política de estado
Abordagens lúdicas e o enfrentamento do tratamento oncológico na infância
Authors: Lopes Nadja Carolina Bezerril , Viana Ana Cláudia Gomes , Félix Zirleide Carlos , Santana Jancelice Dos Santos , Lima Patrícia Tavares de , Cabral Ana Lúcia Medeiros
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: demonstrar como, na percepção da criança acometida por câncer, as abordagens lúdicas contribuem para que ela enfrente o tratamento oncológico. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Procedeu-se à entrevista semiestruturada com dez crianças com idades entre 6 e 12 anos acolhidas em uma casa de apoio. Para analisar as informações, optou-se pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: o significado de brincar na compreensão da criança em tratamento oncológico; os sentimentos revelados a partir do brincar durante o tratamento oncológico. As crianças disseram que acham importante brincar durante o tratamento e reconhecem que, ao brincar, vivenciam uma variedade de sentimentos, como felicidade e bem-estar, mas também raiva por sentir dor devido à condição de estar doente. Conclusão: as abordagens lúdicas são ferramentas essenciais para auxiliar a criança a vivenciar as diferentes situações na doença e no tratamento.
Palliative care nurses' experiences of clinical supervision: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Keane Sinéad , Ryan Aoife , Adams Niamh , Dowling Maura
Published: December 2020

Background:

Clinical supervision provides support and facilitates professional and personal development.

Aim:

To identify and synthesise all available qualitative research on palliative care nurses' experiences of clinical supervision.

Methods:

Guided by the ‘enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research’ (ENTREQ) statement, eight databases were searched using a systematic search strategy (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences). The findings of all included studies were analysed guided by Thomas and Harden's approach. Confidence in the review findings was determined guided by Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual).

Findings:

Nine qualitative studies were included in this synthesis and four analytic themes were identified: negative experiences and misunderstandings of clinical supervision; clinical supervision needs structure and clarity; supervisor needs to be a conductor and a producer; finding your ‘inner supervisor’.

Conclusion:

The review illuminates the benefits of clinical supervision as a renewal process for palliative care (PC) nurses, but also highlights the challenges in its provision. Organisations should provide designated time and opportunities for PC nurses to attend clinical supervision sessions during working hours.
Research Roundup
Authors: Heggs Karen
Published: December 2020

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Body Size Distribution and Ovarian Histology of Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton, 1822) (Anguillifomes: Ophichthidae) from Pranburi River Estuary, Thailand
Authors:   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Na Lampang Phakorn , Palasai Amphornphan ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand, Senarat Sinlapachai ,   Department of Marine Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Fisheries Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang 92150, Thailand, Jiraungkoorskul Wannee ,   Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Kaneko Gen ,   School of Arts and Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, Texas 77901, USA, Kettratad Jes ,   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,   Marine Ecology and Marine Resources Utilization Research Unit, Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Published: December 2020

Reproductive characteristics on the snake eel Pisodonophis boro, a commercially important and high-value food source species in Thailand, have never been reported. We determined the body size distribution and gonadal structure of P. boro during the reproductive cycle. Healthy specimens were collected by local Pranburi River stuarine fishermen during March 2015 to March 2016. The total length of P. boro ranged from 24 cm to 97 cm with mean value of 66.28 ± 2.59 cm (N = 105, mean ± SD). Subsequent macroscopic observation demonstrated that the gonad of P. boro is a paired and elongated organ located parallel to the digestive tract. Surprisingly, the 105 specimens were all female, suggesting the protogynous sex reversal or spatial displacement of sexes in this species. Furthermore, only early and late perinucleolar stage oocytes were histologically identified throughout this study (synchronous developing type), which is often observed in semelparous fish species. These unique reproductive features of this eel in Thailand warrants further investigations on the male-female distribution and precise reproductive mode.
Postharvest Quality of ‘Carabao’ Mango as Affected by Spun-Bound Bagging Materials
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao del Sur, Philippines, Secretaria Leizel , Bayogan Emma Ruth ,   Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao del Sur, Philippines, Lubaton Christine Diana ,   Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao del Sur, Philippines, Nortate Anastacia ,   College of Agriculture and Related Sciences (CARS) – Tagum-Mabini Campus, University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao del Norte, Philippines, Ekman Jennifer ,   Applied Horticultural Research, Biomedical Building, Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia
Published: December 2020

A safe option to address some production problems such as insect damage, diseases, and blemishes in mango is fruit bagging. ‘Carabao’ mango fruit at 55 days after flower induction (DAFI) were bagged with three bagging materials: old newspaper (control), spun-bound high density polyethylene (SHDPE, DuPont™ Tyvek® Homewrap, 0.15 mm thick) and non-woven spunbound polypropylene (NSPP, 0.03mm thick). Bagged mango fruit were harvested at 118 DAFI. At harvest, NSPP bagging material resulted in better quality of fruit compared to newspaper and SHDPE. Advanced color change was observed both in newspaper and SHDPE at 4 and 8 days after harvest (DAH). Compared to newspaper and SHDPE, slower color change was observed in fruit bagged with NSPP up to 8 DAH. The degree of anthracnose infection did not differ among bagging materials. Higher degree of stem end rot (SER) infection was noted in newspaper at table ripe stage (TRS). Onset of SER was delayed by about a day in NSPP and SHDPE. At 8 DAH, lowest weight loss was observed in mango bagged with newspaper. Slightly longer shelf life of about a day (0.72 d) was noted in NSPP-bagged fruit. Shelf life was reduced in newspaper which may be attributed to fruit reaching TRS faster by a day and earlier onset of SER. Total soluble solids in fruit bagged with SHDPE was lower upon harvest and during storage at 8 days while firmness did not vary among bagging materials. NSPP showed potential as bagging material that can maintain better quality of ‘Carabao’ mango fruit.
Predictive Model for the Total Daily COVID-19 Cases with Herd Immunity Policy
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Technology, Pathumwan Institute of Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Sunthornwat Rapin , Areepong Yupaporn ,   Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
Published: December 2020

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic, and policies for fighting COVID-19 have been enacted by the governments of most countries. The herd immunity policy is the policy that Sweden is using to fight COVID-19. The purpose of this research is to estimate the number of total COVID-19 cases in Sweden in which herd immunity is being encouraged. A logistic model was selected as the predictive model for estimating the number of COVID-19 cases in Sweden and the other Nordic countries in which the strict lockdown policy has been instigated, and a comparative study between them was conducted and validation of the predictive models was confirmed. The findings show that the herd immunity policy is applicable and acceptable but flattening the predictive curve by applying the herd immunity policy is slightly slower than when applying the strict lockdown policy.
Insight on the In Silico Study and Biological Activity Assay of Chalcone-Based 1, 5-Benzothiazepines as Potential Inhibitor for Breast Cancer MCF7
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR) Riau, Jalan Kamboja, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia, Frimayanti Neni , Yaeghoobi Marzieh ,   School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran, Ikhtiarudin Ihsan ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR) Riau, Jalan Kamboja, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia, Putri Dhea Rizki Wannisyah ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi (STIFAR) Riau, Jalan Kamboja, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia, Namavar Hamid ,   School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran, Bitaraf Fatemeh S. ,   Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
Published: December 2020

In silico study was performed to twelve 1,5-benzothiazepine chalcone derivatives with the protein target from the crystallographic structure modeling of the enzyme tyrosine kinase. The objective of this study is to execute and to estimate the biological activity of chalcone-based 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives as potential inhibitors for breast cancer MCF7. To get insight into potential anticancer activities, molecular docking, molecular dynamic and ADME prediction were performed. Docking results reported that compound MA9 with binding free energy of -11.2 kcal / mol can interact through hydrogen bonds with amino acids Cys788 on 1T46 protein active site. In addition, the lowest binding free energy conformation indicated its stability during molecular dynamic simulation. MA9 is also shown to have drug likeness properties based on ADME prediction. In order to evaluate the modeling outcomes, MTT assay were performed for some of the most and least promising benzologs (i.e., MA1, MA6, MA8 and MA9). As expected, compound MA9 with the best calculated anticancer properties revealed the best inhibition against MCF7cell line in vitro. Thus, this compound was chosen as the reference for the next stage in the drug design.
3D reconstruction of syn-tectonic strata in a salt-related orogen: learnings from the Llert syncline (South-central Pyrenees)
Authors: Ramos Adrià , Lopez-Mir Berta , P. Wilson Elisabeth , Granado Pablo , Muñoz Josep Anton
Published: December 2020

The Llert syncline is located in the South-central Pyrenees, between the eastern termination of the EW-trending Cotiella Basin and the north-western limb of the NS-trending Turbón-Serrado fold system. The Cotiella Basin is an inverted upper Coniacian-lower Santonian salt-floored post-rift extensional basin developed along the northern Iberian rift system. The Turbón-Serrado fold system consists of upper Santonian – Maastrichtian contractional salt-cored anticlines developed along an inverted transfer zone of the Pyrenean rift system. Based on field research, this paper presents a 3D reconstruction of the Llert syncline in order to further constrain the transition between these oblique salt-related structures. Our results suggest that the evolution of the Llert syncline was mainly controlled by tectonic shortening related to the tectonic inversion of the Cotiella Basin synchronously to the growth of the Turbón-Serrado detachment anticline, and by the pre-compressional structural framework of the Pyrenean rift system. Our contribution provides new insight into the geometric and kinematic relationships of structures developed during the inversion of passive margins involving salt.
Nationwide germline whole genome sequencing of 198 consecutive pediatric cancer patients reveals a high incidence of cancer prone syndromes
Authors: Byrjalsen Anna , Hansen Thomas V. O. , Stoltze Ulrik K. , Mehrjouy Mana M. , Barnkob Nanna Moeller , Hjalgrim Lisa L. , Mathiasen René , Lautrup Charlotte K. , Gregersen Pernille A. , Hasle Henrik , Wehner Peder S. , Tuckuviene Ruta , Sackett Peter Wad , Laspiur Adrian O. , Rossing Maria , Marvig Rasmus L. , Tommerup Niels , Olsen Tina Elisabeth , Scheie David , Gupta Ramneek , Gerdes Anne–Marie , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Wadt Karin
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE: Historically, cancer predisposition syndromes (CPSs) were rarely established for children with cancer. This nationwide, population-based study investigated how frequently children with cancer had or were likely to have a CPS. METHODS: Children (0–17 years) in Denmark with newly diagnosed cancer were invited to participate in whole-genome sequencing of germline DNA. Suspicion of CPS was assessed according to Jongmans’/McGill Interactive Pediatric OncoGenetic Guidelines (MIPOGG) criteria and familial cancer diagnoses were verified using population-based registries. RESULTS: 198 of 235 (84.3%) eligible patients participated, of whom 94/198 (47.5%) carried pathogenic variants (PVs) in a CPS gene or had clinical features indicating CPS. Twenty-nine of 198 (14.6%) patients harbored a CPS, of whom 21/198 (10.6%) harbored a childhood-onset and 9/198 (4.5%) an adult-onset CPS. In addition, 23/198 (11.6%) patients carried a PV associated with biallelic CPS. Seven of the 54 (12.9%) patients carried two or more variants in different CPS genes. Seventy of 198 (35.4%) patients fulfilled the Jongmans’ and/or MIPOGG criteria indicating an underlying CPS, including two of the 9 (22.2%) patients with an adult-onset CPS versus 18 of the 21 (85.7%) patients with a childhood-onset CPS (p = 0.0022), eight of the additional 23 (34.8%) patients with a heterozygous PV associated with biallelic CPS, and 42 patients without PVs. Children with a central nervous system (CNS) tumor had family members with CNS tumors more frequently than patients with other cancers (11/44, p = 0.04), but 42 of 44 (95.5%) cases did not have a PV in a CPS gene. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the value of systematically screening pediatric cancer patients for CPSs and indicate that a higher proportion of childhood cancers may be linked to predisposing germline variants than previously supposed.
Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: A nationwide online survey in China
Authors: Lin Yulan , Hu Zhijian , Zhao Qinjian , Alias Haridah , Danaee Mahmoud , Wong Li Ping
Published: December 2020

Background

This study attempts to understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine demand and hesitancy by assessing the public’s vaccination intention and willingness-to-pay (WTP). Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines produced in China and preference for domestically-made or foreign-made vaccines was also investigated.

Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted on 1–19 May 2020. The health belief model (HBM) was used as a theoretical framework for understanding COVID-19 vaccination intent and WTP.

Results

A total of 3,541 complete responses were received. The majority reported a probably yes intent (54.6%), followed by a definite yes intent (28.7%). The perception that vaccination decreases the chances of getting COVID-19 under the perceived benefit construct (OR = 3.14, 95% CI 2.05–4.83) and not being concerned about the efficacy of new COVID-19 vaccines under the perceived barriers construct (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.31–2.09) were found to have the highest significant odds of a definite intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of WTP for COVID-19 vaccine was CNY¥200/US$28 (IQR CNY¥100–500/USD$14–72). The highest marginal WTP for the vaccine was influenced by socio-economic factors. The majority were confident (48.7%) and completely confident (46.1%) in domestically-made COVID-19 vaccine. 64.2% reported a preference for a domestically-made over foreign-made COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate the utility of HBM constructs in understanding COVID-19 vaccination intent and WTP. It is important to improve health promotion and reduce the barriers to COVID-19 vaccination.
Noise-induced scaling in skull suture interdigitation
Authors: Naroda Yuto , Endo Yoshie , Yoshimura Kenji , Ishii Hiroshi , Ei Shin-Ichiro , Miura Takashi
Published: December 2020

Sutures, the thin, soft tissue between skull bones, serve as the major craniofacial growth centers during postnatal development. In a newborn skull, the sutures are straight; however, as the skull develops, the sutures wind dynamically to form an interdigitation pattern. Moreover, the final winding pattern had been shown to have fractal characteristics. Although various molecules involved in suture development have been identified, the mechanism underlying the pattern formation remains unknown. In a previous study, we reproduced the formation of the interdigitation pattern in a mathematical model combining an interface equation and a convolution kernel. However, the generated pattern had a specific characteristic length, and the model was unable to produce a fractal structure with the model. In the present study, we focused on the anterior part of the sagittal suture and formulated a new mathematical model with time–space-dependent noise that was able to generate the fractal structure. We reduced our previous model to represent the linear dynamics of the centerline of the suture tissue and included a time–space-dependent noise term. We showed theoretically that the final pattern from the model follows a scaling law due to the scaling of the dispersion relation in the full model, which we confirmed numerically. Furthermore, we observed experimentally that stochastic fluctuation of the osteogenic signal exists in the developing skull, and found that actual suture patterns followed a scaling law similar to that of the theoretical prediction.
Alcohol use and tuberculosis clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kan Carolyn K. , Ragan Elizabeth J. , Sarkar Sonali , Knudsen Selby , Forsyth Megan , Muthuraj Muthaiah , Vinod Kumar , Jenkins Helen E. , Horsburgh C. Robert , Salgame Padmini , Roy Gautam , Ellner Jerrold J. , Jacobson Karen R. , Sahu Swaroop , Hochberg Natasha S.
Published: December 2020

Setting

Alcohol use increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease and is associated with worse outcomes.

Objective

To determine whether alcohol use affects TB severity at diagnosis in a high-burden setting.

Design

Participants were smear-positive people living with TB (PLWTB) in India. Disease severity was assessed as 1) high versus low smear grade, 2) time to positivity (TTP) on liquid culture, 3) chest radiograph cavitation, and 4) percent lung affected. Alcohol use and being at-risk for alcohol use disorders (AUD) were assessed using the AUDIT-C. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted.

Results

Of 1166 PLWTB, 691 (59.3%) were drinkers; of those, 518/691 (75.0%) were at-risk for AUD. Drinkers had more lung affected than non-drinkers (adjusted mean difference 10.8%, p<0.0001); this was not significant for those at-risk for AUD (adjusted mean difference 3.7%, p = 0.11). High smear grade (aOR 1.0, 95%CI: 0.7–1.4), cavitation (aOR 0.8, 95%CI 0.4–1.8), and TTP (mean difference 5.2 hours, p = 0.51) did not differ between drinkers and non-drinkers, nor between those at-risk and not at-risk for AUD.

Conclusions

A large proportion of PLWTB were drinkers and were at-risk for AUD. Alcohol drinkers had more lung affected than non-drinkers. Studies are needed to explore mechanisms of this association.