bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Propagation of Flame Fronts through Inhomogeneously Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Remming Ian S.
Published: October 2019

The effects of inhomogeneous magnetic fields on the propagation of magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) laminar flame fronts are investigated. This investigation is motivated by the occurrence of magnetized thermonuclear combustion in astrophysical systems. Magnetized thermonuclear burning occurs on the surfaces of neutron stars during Type I X-ray bursts, within the interiors of white dwarfs during SNe Ia, and during classical novae. Thermonuclear flames that propagate in these systems are expected to travel through inhomogeneous magnetic fields. We present the results of a series of 1.5-dimensional numerical simulations of magnetized flame propagation. A simplified flame model is used with one-step Arrhenius kinetics, an ideal gas equation of state, and constant thermal conductivity coefficients. Although idealized, the model allows for the opportunity to study the physics of the problem without the complexities of the nuclear kinetics of thermonuclear burning. We simulate the propagation of laminar flames through inhomogeneous magnetic media. A changing magnetic medium significantly alters the structure of the flame through the generation of an electric current. The electric current rotates the direction of the magnetic field within the flame and produces strong shear flows. Furthermore, for flames that conduct heat anisotropically and that propagate at an angle 0 < ψ ≲ π/2 to the magnetic field, the flame speed increases due to the nonuniform magnetic field. Naturally occurring flames in astrophysical systems may experience similar changes to their structure and speed that would influence the observational properties of these systems.
Chemical Evolution along the Circumnuclear Ring of M83
Authors: Harada Nanase , Sakamoto Kazushi , Martín Sergio , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Aladro Rebeca , Riquelme Denise , Hirota Akihiko
Published: October 2019

We report an astrochemical study on the evolution of interstellar molecular clouds and consequent star formation in the center of the barred spiral galaxy M83. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to image molecular species indicative of shocks (SiO and CH3OH), dense cores (N2H+), and photodissociation regions (CN and CCH), as well as a radio recombination line (H41α) tracing active star-forming regions. M83 has a circumnuclear gas ring that is joined at two intersections by gas streams from the leading-edge gas lanes on the bar. We found elevated abundances of the shock and dense-core tracers in one of the orbit-intersecting areas, and found peaks of CN and H41α downstream. In the other orbit-intersection area, we found a similar enhancement of the shock tracers, but less variation of other tracers, and no sign of active star formation in the stream. We propose that the observed chemical variation or lack of it is due to the presence or absence of collision-induced evolution of molecular clouds and induced star formation. This work presents the clearest case of the chemical evolution in the circumnuclear rings of barred galaxies thanks to the ALMA resolution and sensitivity.
Flare Activity and Magnetic Feature Analysis of the Flare Stars
Authors: Goodarzi Hadis , Mehrabi Ahmad , Khosroshahi Habib G. , He Han
Published: October 2019

We analyze the light curve of 1740 flare stars to study the relationship between the magnetic feature characteristics and the identified flare activity. Coverage and stability of magnetic features are inspired by rotational modulation of light-curve variations and flare activity of stars are obtained using our automated flare detection algorithm. The results show that: (i) the flare time occupation ratio (or flare frequency) and the total power of flares increase by increasing relative magnetic feature coverage and contrast in F–M-type stars; (ii) magnetic feature stability is highly correlated with the coverage and the contrast of the magnetic structures, as this is the case for the Sun; and (iii) stability, coverage, and contrast of the magnetic features, time occupation ratio, and total power of flares increases for G-, K-, and M-type stars by decreasing the Rossby number due to the excess of the produced magnetic field from dynamo procedure until reaching to the saturation level.
High seroprevalence of pathogenic Yersinia spp. in sheep and goats across nine government farms in the Pakistani Punjab
Authors: Ullah Qudrat , Jamil Tariq , Hussain Muhammad H , Jamil Huma , Saqib Muhammad , Tahir Usman , Neubauer Heinrich , Sprague Lisa D
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Seroprevalence of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis infections in animals and humans is not established in Pakistan. There are only a few reports on the prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia spp. and infections in small ruminants, however, the role of sheep and goats in the transmission of pathogenic Yersinia remains unclear.

Methodology: A primary survey investigated the presence of anti-Yersinia antibodies among a small population of ruminants detected by recombinant antigen targets in nine government farms dispersed throughout the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Results: Antibodies specific for Y. enterocolitica were detected in 7/9 sheep flocks and in 4/4 goat flocks. Antibodies specific for Y. pseudotuberculosis were detected in 4/9 sheep flocks. Two sheep flocks revealed the presence of both Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis specific antibodies.

Conclusion: Due to the high number of the population involved in raising small ruminants the risk to veterinary and public health must be rapidly determined.
Nocardia farcinica meningitis in a patient with high-grade astrocytoma
Authors: Nasri Elahe , Fakhim Hamed , Barac Aleksandra , Yousefi Saber , Aghazade Kouros , Boljevic Darko , Mardani Massoud
Published: October 2019

We describe a case of 91-year-old male with astrocytoma who developed meningitis caused by Nocardia farcinica. He had a past medical history of anaplastic astrocytoma grade III. Endocranial computed tomography (CT) scan revealed mass lesion in the left occipital region associated with perilesional edema, without evidence of midline shift issue. The analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed neutrophilic pleocytosis, hyperproteinorrachia and hypoglycorrhachia. Combined antimicrobial therapy was initiated (vancomycin, meropenem, acyclovir). CSF culture revealed Nocardia farcinica. Susceptibility testing revealed intermediate sensitivity to meropenem and antibiotic treatment was switched to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and imipenem. After 7 days of treatment the patient developed progressive dyspnea. The chest CT scan revealed bilateral pleural effusion and alveolar infiltrate mostly in the right lobe. Ceftriaxone was added to the therapy, but the outcome was lethal. Nocardia spp. should be considered as differential diagnosis in the patients with brain tumor or meningitis in the setting of immune suppression and corticosteroid use. CSF cultures should be incubated longer with aim to allow fastidious organisms to grow, such as Nocardia spp.
Additions to the knowledge of Ganoderma in Thailand: Ganoderma casuarinicola, a new record; and Ganoderma thailandicum sp. nov.
Authors: Luangharn Thatsanee , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Mortimer Peter E. , Hyde Kevin D. , Xu Jianchu
Published: October 2019

Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus of mushrooms, which can cause root and butt rot diseases on many tree species. Members of this genus are particularly diverse in tropical regions. Some Ganoderma spp. are medicinally active and therefore are used to treat human diseases or as a dietary supplement. In this study, three Ganoderma strains were collected in tropical southern Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, TEF1α and RPB2 sequence data indicated that the three strains grouped in a distinct lineage within laccate Ganoderma. One strain was collected from Surat Thani Province clustered in the G. casuarinicola clade with high statistical support (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 98% / PP = 0.96), while the other two strains of Ganoderma, collected from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, formed a distinct well-supported clade (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 100% / PP = 1.00) and are described here as a new species. Ganoderma casuarinicola is reported here as a new record to Thailand. Morphological differences of the two taxa and their closely related taxa are discussed. Colour photographs of macro and micro morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new record and new species are provided.
Reinstatement of the Chinese endemic species Styrax zhejiangensis
Authors: Ruan Yu-Qing , Yu Yu-Long , Yu Fen , Deng Guo-Xing , Liu Yu-Lin , Wu Xue-Hui , Tang Ming
Published: October 2019

Styrax zhejiangensis has been treated as a synonym of S. macrocarpus. Examination of herbarium specimens and observation of wild living plants demonstrates that S. zhejiangensis is a distinct species and is clearly distinguishable from S. macrocarpus through its flowering phenology in which leaves and flowers open simultaneously, its smaller corolla lobes and filaments, and its white-stellate-pubescent seeds. On this basis, we reinstate S. zhejiangensis as an accepted species. Photographic images and a distribution map of the two species are provided. A lectotype of S. zhejiangensis is also designated.
Insufficient Use of Corticosteroids without Immunosuppressants Results in Higher Relapse Rates in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Mutoh Tomoyuki , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Fujii Hiroshi , Ishii Tomonori , Harigae Hideo
Published: October 2019

Objective.

Although prednisolone (PSL) and immunosuppressants are key drugs for Takayasu arteritis (TA) treatment, there is limited evidence on the optimal PSL dose. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the initial PSL dose and relapse in TA.

Methods.

We enrolled 105 patients with TA who satisfied the criteria of the Japanese Circulation Society and American College of Rheumatology from 1990 to 2015. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with TA were retrospectively evaluated. The relapse-free period was assessed according to the difference in initial treatments.

Results.

Relapse was observed in 57 (59.4%) of 96 patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy at diagnosis during a median followup of 56 months. Male sex and younger age of onset were significantly associated with relapse. Although ≤ 30 mg/day PSL monotherapy was preferably prescribed for patients with lower inflammatory markers, compared with > 30 mg/day (87.2% vs 52.6%), a significantly higher relapse rate was observed in the ≤ 30 mg/day group (HR 1.78; p = 0.047). Further, the relapse-free period was longer in patients treated with ≥ 50 mg/day PSL compared with those treated with ≤ 40 mg/day PSL. Combination therapy improved the relapse-free period compared with PSL monotherapy in the short term. The initial PSL dose was not associated with adverse events.

Conclusion.

A higher dose of PSL was associated with a significant decrease in the relapse rate. The effect of combination therapy on relapse needs to be further investigated. Lower-dose PSL monotherapy is an undesirable strategy for remission induction in TA, despite low disease activity.
Copy Number Variation of Multiple Genes in SAPHO Syndrome
Authors: Guo Changlong , Tian Xin , Han Feifei , Liu Lihong , Gao Jianen , Ma Xu
Published: October 2019

Objective.

SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) syndrome is a type of rare chronic aseptic inflammation of unknown etiology. To date, no research to our knowledge has reported copy number variation (CNV) of genes that could affect predisposition to SAPHO syndrome. We investigated the association between CNV profile and SAPHO syndrome.

Methods.

We used array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to screen for CNV in a nuclear family including 2 patients and a healthy control. We then validated the copy numbers of candidate genes found in the array CGH assay and other candidate genes by TaqMan real-time PCR in 360 case and control samples.

Results.

Ten regions from 8 chromosomes were found to have abnormal gene copies in the nuclear family, so the CNV of candidate genes (ADAM5, CSF2RA, IL3RA, and 9 other genes) were tested by TaqMan PCR. Significant copy number loss of CSF2RA (p = 0.000) and NOD2 (p = 0.005), and significant copy number gain of MEGF6 (p = 0.002) and ADAM5 (p = 0.000) were seen in patients with SAPHO compared with controls at the a = 0.05 level. There were no differences in the other 8 candidate genes between patient and control samples (p > 0.05).

Conclusion.

Our study established the first association between CNV in CSF2RA, NOD2, MEGF6, and ADAM5 and SAPHO syndrome. These findings may offer insight into the pathogenesis of SAPHO and provide the basis for improved diagnosis and treatment.
Opioid Use among Patients with Early Inflammatory Arthritides Compared to the General Population
Authors: Muilu Paula , Rantalaiho Vappu , Kautiainen Hannu , Virta Lauri Juhani , Puolakka Kari
Published: October 2019

Objective.

To assess to what extent the worldwide opioid epidemic affects Finnish patients with early inflammatory arthritis (IA).

Methods.

From the nationwide register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, we collected all incident adult patients with newly onset seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA+ and RA–) and undifferentiated arthritis (UA) between 2010 and 2014. For each case, 3 general population (GP) controls were matched according to age, sex, and place of residence. Drug purchases between 2009 and 2015 were evaluated 1 year before and after the index date (date of IA diagnosis), further dividing this time into 3-month periods.

Results.

A total of 12,115 patients (66% women) were identified. At least 1 opioid purchase was done by 23–27% of the patients 1 year before and 15–20% one year after the index date. Relative risk (RR) of opioid purchases compared to GP was highest during the last 3-month time period before the index date [RR 2.81 (95% CI 2.55–3.09), 3.06 (2.68-3.49), and 4.04 (3.51–4.65) for RA+, RA–, and UA, respectively] but decreased after the index date [RR 1.38 (1.23–1.58), 1.91 (1.63–2.24), and 2.51 (2.15–2.93)]. Up to 4% of the patients were longterm users both before and after the diagnosis.

Conclusion.

During 2009–15 in Finland, opioid use peaked just before the diagnosis of IA but decreased rapidly after that, suggesting effective disease control, especially in seropositive RA. Further, opioids were used to treat arthritis pain of patients with incident RA and UA less often than previously reported from other countries.
Effect of Secukinumab on the Different GRAPPA-OMERACT Core Domains in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Pooled Analysis of 2049 Patients
Authors: Orbai Ana-Maria , McInnes Iain B. , Coates Laura C. , Husni M. Elaine , Gladman Dafna D. , Gossec Laure , Pricop Luminita , Chambenoit Olivier , Meng Xiangyi , Mease Philip J.
Published: October 2019

Objective.

To compare the efficacy of secukinumab with that of placebo across the updated Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (GRAPPA-OMERACT) individual psoriatic arthritis (PsA) core domains using pooled data from 4 phase III PsA studies and 1 phase III ankylosing spondylitis (AS) study.

Methods.

Data were pooled from 2049 patients with PsA participating in 4 on-label phase III PsA studies (FUTURE 2–5), and the efficacy of each GRAPPA-OMERACT PsA core domain (musculoskeletal disease activity, skin disease activity, pain, patient’s global assessment, physical function, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and systemic inflammation) was assessed using multiple measures and definitions specific to each domain. The MEASURE 2 study, a phase III clinical trial in patients with AS, was used to assess improvement in spine symptoms at Week 16.

Results.

Treatment with secukinumab demonstrated robust and consistent efficacy across all GRAPPA-OMERACT PsA core domains, with secukinumab 300 mg showing the greatest response rates across most PsA core domains compared with placebo at Week 16. Notably, among patients treated with secukinumab 300 mg, 34.3% and 19.5% achieved complete resolution of swollen and tender joint counts, respectively; 53.2% and 61.5% achieved complete resolution of enthesitis and dactylitis, respectively; and 33.2% achieved 100% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (all p < 0.05 vs placebo); similar improvements were shown for all other core domains.

Conclusion.

This analysis suggests that secukinumab can benefit people with PsA across the clinical phenotypic spectrum commonly encountered in this disease.
How Systemic Sclerosis Affects Healthcare Use and Complication Rates after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Cleveland John D.
Published: October 2019

Objective.

To assess whether outcomes after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) differ in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods.

We used the 1998–2014 US National Inpatient Sample. THA and SSc were identified using procedure and diagnostic codes, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses assessed the association of SSc with in-hospital complications (implant infection, revision, transfusion, mortality) post-THA and associated healthcare use (hospital charges, hospital stay, discharge to non-home setting), adjusting for age, sex, race, Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index, primary diagnosis for THA, household income, and insurance payer.

Results.

Of the 4,116,485 primary THA performed in the United States in 1998–2014, SSc patients made up 0.06% (n = 2672). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared to people without SSc, people with SSc had higher adjusted OR (95% CI) of the following post-primary THA: (1) non-home discharge, 1.25 (95% CI 1.03–1.50); (2) hospital stay > 3 days, 1.61 (95% CI 1.35–1.92); (3) transfusion, 1.54 (95% CI 1.28–1.84); and (4) in-hospital revision, 9.53 (95% CI 6.75–13.46). Differences in in-hospital mortality had a nonsignificant trend [2.19 (95% CI 0.99–4.86)]. There were no differences in total hospital charges or implant infection rates.

Conclusion.

SSc was associated with a higher rate of in-hospital complications and healthcare use after primary THA. Future studies should examine whether pre- or postoperative interventions can reduce the risk of post-THA complications in people with SSc.
Mirroring learning ecologies of outstanding teachers to integrate ICTs in the classroom
Authors: Romeu-Fontanillas Teresa , Guitert-Catasús Montse , Raffaghelli Juliana-E. , Sangrà Albert
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an exploratory study to examine the practices of outstanding primary school teachers in their professional development for ICT integration in teaching and learning, as a means of understanding how their learning ecologies develop and function. Outstanding teachers in the context of this study are teachers who innovate pedagogically and who are influential in the community, having successfully developed their learning ecology. Using a qualitative approach, we explore the concept of learning ecologies as a driver for innovation in the professional development of teachers, using a carefully selected sample of nine outstanding teachers. Drawing from in-depth interviews, specific coding and NVIVO analysis, our results show that these teachers develop organized systems for activities, relationships and resource usage and production, which can be characterized as the components of their professional learning ecology, to continuously keep up to date. We also identified some characteristics of teachers that perform outstandingly and factors that potentially facilitate or hinder their learning ecology development. Further research in the field will enable an improved understanding of the professional learning ecologies of school teachers and support future interventions and recommendations for professional development through the cultivation of emerging professional learning ecologies.

Este artículo presenta un estudio exploratorio que examina prácticas de docentes referentes de Educación Primaria en su desarrollo profesional para la integración de las TIC en la docencia y el aprendizaje como medio de comprensión operacional de las ecologías de aprendizaje. Un docente referente en el contexto de este estudio es aquel que innova pedagógicamente y que influye en la comunidad, habiendo desarrollado con éxito su ecología de aprendizaje. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo, se explora el concepto de ecologías de aprendizaje como motor de la innovación en el desarrollo profesional de los docentes, utilizando una muestra cuidadosamente seleccionada de nueve profesores de Educación Primaria. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad, codificación específica y análisis con NVivo, los resultados muestran que estos docentes despliegan sistemas organizados de actividades, relaciones y recursos, que pueden ser caracterizados como componentes de sus ecologías de aprendizaje para mantenerse permanentemente actualizados. Se identifican algunas de las características y factores que potencialmente facilitan u obstaculizan el desarrollo de su ecología de aprendizaje. Futuras investigaciones en esta línea permitirán mejorar la comprensión de las ecologías de aprendizaje profesional de los docentes, apoyando nuevas intervenciones y recomendaciones para el desarrollo profesional.
Self-perception about emerging digital skills in Higher Education students
Authors: León-Pérez Francisco , Bas María-Carmen , Escudero-Nahón Alexandro
Published: October 2019

The current labor market demands new qualities and knowledge from the recent graduates of universities. This has been called ‘21st century digital skills’ and there is not enough research on the self-perception of students in this regard. The objective of this research was to measure student self-perception about their own 21st century digital skills related to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Higher Education. A questionnaire was generated and applied to 356 students with the stratified random sampling technique. A principal component analysis was carried out, supported by adequate values of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient and the Bartlett sphericity test. The data indicate that the students use digital technology in academic projects, primarily; they have a lot of skill when using ICT for information management, to develop critical thinking and to solve problems, as well as to manage mobile devices. However, their self-perception in the use of ICT in teaching classes is low. The results suggest that the students do not believe that the use of ICT in the classroom is useful to develop this kind of emerging digital skills. Instead, they think that carrying out academic projects does strengthen the acquisition and development of such skills in relation to the use of ICT.

El mercado laboral actual exige nuevas cualidades y conocimientos a los recién egresados de las universidades, incluidas las habilidades digitales, no existiendo suficientes investigaciones sobre la autopercepción del estudiantado al respecto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir la percepción que el estudiantado tiene sobre sus propias habilidades digitales del siglo XXI, en relación con el uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación (TIC) en la Educación Superior. Se generó y aplicó un cuestionario a 356 estudiantes con la técnica de muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales avalado por valores adecuados del coeficiente Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y de la prueba de esfericidad de Barlett. Los datos indican que el estudiantado usa la tecnología digital en proyectos académicos primordialmente, y posee alta habilidad al usar las TIC para la gestión de información, para desarrollar pensamiento crítico y para resolver problemas, así como para manejar dispositivos móviles. Sin embargo, su autopercepción es baja respecto al uso de las TIC en la impartición de clases. Los resultados sugieren que el estudiantado no cree que el uso de las TIC en el aula sea útil para desarrollar este tipo de habilidades digitales emergentes. En cambio, indican que la realización de proyectos académicos sí fortalece la adquisición y desarrollo de tales habilidades en relación con el uso de las TIC.
Jeunes enfants et tablettes tactiles. Appareils pour apprendre ou appareils à apprendre ?
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Audran Jacques , Oget David
Published: October 2019

Cet article étudie l’utilisation de tablettes tactiles par de très jeunes enfants de 3 à 6 ans. Les recherches concernant les usages éducatifs des tablettes étant la plupart du temps réalisées dans le contexte de la classe, notre étude est au contraire centrée spécifiquement sur l’observation assistée par informatique des obstacles sensorimoteurs et cognitifs rencontrés par ces très jeunes enfants. Cet article distingue les obstacles dus à la technologie des tablettes de ceux propres aux applications utilisées. Les données sont recueillies grâce à l’enregistrement vidéo et un système intégré à l’application, développé par une société partenaire. Notre étude a été menée auprès de 25 très jeunes enfants durant 8 semaines. Nous avons constaté que l’assimilation de certaines fonctionnalités propres à la tablette tactile ne va pas de soi et pose des difficultés sensorimotrices et cognitives à cet âge pour la plupart des enfants observés.
First steps to establishing an equestrian morphology: can Vitruvian ratios help?
Authors: Randle H. , Loy J.
Published: October 2019

Within equestrianism there is increasing focus on rider position and posture, not only in terms of aesthetics and the overall harmonious picture it may portray of the horse-rider combination, but more importantly on the rider’s physical ability to deliver clear, well-timed signals to the horse during training and competitive performance. Anthropometry has been successfully used in a wide range of non-equestrian sports to identify morphologies that are more likely to be successful than others in completing the tasks required by the particular sport or discipline. As physical data have become more readily accessible questions have arisen regarding the rider’s physical ability to achieve and maintain ‘ideal’ and symmetrical riding positions allowing them to transfer their weight and manage their limbs and consequently deliver distinguishable signals to the horse. Clearly identified ideal morphologies exist for a wide range of sports, but there is nothing for equestrianism. Da Vinci’s Vitruvian ‘man’ possesses ideal geometric proportions that depict perfect symmetry and proportion. Within equestrian it is common belief that riders (and horses) should be symmetrical. This study explored how the dimensions of a population of 51 female riders (24.8±8.29 years) aligned with Vitruvian ideals. Ten relative body proportions, selected as potentially the most relevant to horse riding, were obtained for each subject and ratios with total height derived. Only arm span, shoulder width and upper chest to the top of the head in relation to total height aligned with Vitruvian ratios (all P>0.05). Two primary principal components were identified – total height and arm span that could be of potential use for development of an equestrian morphology. Although horse riders’ physical dimensions failed to align well with Vitruvian measures, total height and arm length may have the potential to explain differences in riders’ ability to physically interact with horses and consequently impact their welfare.
Teaching in the Affective Domain
Authors: Schoenly Lorry
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Elements of the affective domain encompass receiving, responding, valuing, organization, and characterization by a value or value complex. Nurse educators are taking a renewed look at affective education in light of a desire to prepare humanistic nurses who practice the art of caring. The teaching-learning climate necessary for effective implementation of affective instruction is addressed. Instructional methods including role play, case study, questioning, simulation gaming, values inquiry and values clarification are discussed as they relate to affective education.
Determining Educational Needs of Staff Nurses: An Assessment Tool for Nurse Educators
Authors: Courtemanche Brenda M
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Nurse educators often require a framework to perform learning needs assessments in the hospital setting. This article presents a tool that can be used by nurse educators to collect data in a setting new to them. The tool, based on principles of adult learning, consists of three sections to reflect the perspectives of the three major stakeholders: nurse manager, staff nurse, and nurse educator. It examines nursing practice issues, orientation, continuing education, certification, and relationships with the multidisciplinary team and community groups.
Numerical Prediction of Vertical Ship Motions and Added Resistance
Authors: Cakici F , Kahramanoglu E , Alkan A D
Published: October 2019

Along with the development of computer technology, the capability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to conduct ‘virtual computer experiments’ has increased. CFD tools have become the most important tools for researchers to deal with several complex problems. In this study, the viscous approach called URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) which has a fully non-linear base has been used to solve the vertical ship motions and added resistance problems in head waves. In the solution strategy, the FVM (Finite Volume Method) is used that enables numerical discretization. The ship model DTMB 5512 has been chosen for a series of computational studies at Fn=0.41 representing a high speed case. Firstly, by using CFD tools the TF (Transfer Function) graphs for the coupled heave-pitch motions in deep water have been generated and then comparisons have been made with IIHR (Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research) experimental results and ordinary strip theory outputs. In the latter step, TF graphs of added resistance for deep water have been generated by using CFD and comparisons have been made only with strip theory.
EXPERIMENTS WITH STEPPED PLANING HULLS FOR SPECIAL OPERATIONS CRAFT
Authors: Morabito M G , Pavkov M E
Published: October 2019

Many of today’s special operations craft and high-speed patrol boats can operate at volume Froude numbers high enough to justify the use of a stepped planing hull; however most of these boats are un-stepped. This paper describes experiments to determine the effect of adding a single step into the bottom of a planing hull with loading parameters consistent with modern special operations craft. In contrast to multi-step pleasure craft, which can operate at volumetric Froude numbers of 10, special operations craft often operate at volumetric Froude numbers of around 5, owing to the increased payload and decreased speed. Previous towing tests on a variety of stepped hull configurations indicated that a promising configuration for special operations craft may be a single step located near the transom (alternatively known as a hydrodynamic transom forward of the stern). The present experiments investigate this configuration further, by testing a single-step hull, with step located at 25% of the length forward of the transom. The step height is systematically varied to observe the effect on resistance, trim, wetted surface area and porpoising stability over a wide range of speeds. Of the configurations tested, the best reduced model
resistance by 25% at the highest speeds tested, while increasing resistance by 10% in the hump speed regime. The stepped hulls tested had porpoising limits similar to conventional planing monohulls. A short method is provided to illustrate when a stepped hull may be advantageous for a given design.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED BAMBOO SLATS (BAMBUSA ARUNDINACEA) FOR CONSTRUCTING A SMALL FISHING BOAT SHELLS
Authors: Supomo H , Manfaat D , Zubaydi A
Published: October 2019

Because of the advantages of bamboo and the decreasing supply of teak, as a material for the construction of small Indonesian fishing boats, bamboo becomes an alternative substitute for teak as a common material to construct this type of boat. There are many bamboo species and populations in Indonesia which form the basis for selecting an advanced alternative material to construct fishing boats. This study discusses the mechanical properties of laminated bamboo slats, with a polyamide epoxy adhesive made by employing a manual cold press method. The type of bamboo used was the Bambusa Arundinacea variety that was greater than 3 years old. The bamboo laminate flexural strength was tested using the ASTM D 3043 Standard. The results of these tests revealed that the flexural strength of the laminated bamboo slats provided bending strengths of MOR and MOE values of 84.12 MPa and 18.04 GPa respectively. By using MOR and MOE values, and based on Bureau Classification of Indonesia (BKI), the shell thickness of 30 GT a fishing boat was calculated to be 25 -28 mm (bottom shell) and 19 -21 mm (side shell). These dimensions showed that the shell thickness can be reduced up to 33.3% when compared with teak (Tectona Grandis ) and the total volume of shell material to build a 30 GT of fishing boat, can be reduced by approximately 30%. The flexural strength of the bamboo slat laminate was shown to be 20% higher than 2nd class solid teak.
RE-ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM FROUDE’S STUDIES OF PLANING CRAFT
Authors: Morabito M G
Published: October 2019

One of William Froude’s lesser-known contributions to the field of Naval Architecture was in conducting some of the earliest studies on planing craft. Froude’s research was prompted by the idea of an inventor, Reverend C.M. Ramus who in 1872 proposed a high-speed ship concept using a flat-bottomed, stepped planing hull. Ramus later suggested the use of this hullform for rocket-propelled rams. Froude conducted towing tests on a model of the Ramus hull, as well as on a model three-point hydroplane concept of his own design. He also derived a solution for the optimum trim angle and minimum resistance of planing craft, using his recently developed formulae for estimating frictional resistance on flat plates and lift forces on submerged plates. Froude’s study demonstrated that Ramus’s ideas were not feasible at the time and the study received very little attention. It was not until the advent of lightweight internal combustion engines, thirty years later, that planing hulls became a reality. In the current paper, the Ramus tests are re-analysed and the data are put into a modern format. Comparisons are provided between the Ramus hull, Series 62 and a planing flat plate. The Ramus concept is shown to have had significantly more drag than would be expected from a planing hull. New model tests explore the effects of the rounded stern of the Ramus hull, and show that this feature significantly increases the resistance. Froude’s derivation of the minimum resistance of planing craft is discussed and contrasted with modern methods for prismatic planing hull resistance prediction.
SMALL CATAMARANS: DESIGN APPROACHES AND CASE STUDIES
Authors: Nazarov A
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the review of design experience and applied research of catamaran craft, up to 30m in length, of total over 30 catamaran designs, developed by ‘Albatross Marine Design’ and launched during recent years. Architecture of catamarans is discussed; typical catamaran hull shapes are reviewed and their suitability for different applications and desired speeds are studied. Recommendations are given for hull shape particulars selection. Performance issues are studied using available theoretical methods and sea-trials data of number catamarans. Components of resistance of catamarans and methods of their prediction are reviewed. Comparison of methods is presented and samples of their applications for hull shape selection are shown. Seakeeping performance is discussed in terms of vertical accelerations. Results of full-scale measurements of vertical accelerations on number of craft are presented. Controllability discussion is based on turning track measurements for power catamarans of different configurations at different speeds. Structural design issues are reviewed with special interest in composite craft and their improvements. Perspective applications of catamaran concept for different types of craft are indicated. Presented are samples of catamaran designs for special, small commercial and pleasure catamarans.
OPEN SOURCE COMPUTATIONS OF PLANING HULL RESISTANCE
Authors: Ferrando M , Gaggero S , Villa D
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods experienced an exponential growth: the increase of the computational performances and the generalization of the Navier-Stokes equation to more complex physical problems made possible the solution of complex problems like free surfaces flows. The physical complexity of planing hulls flows poses some issues in the ability to numerically predict the global hydrodynamic parameters (hull resistance, dynamic attitude) of these configurations and on the expected confidence on the numerical results. In the last decade, commercial RANS software have been successfully applied for the prediction of the planing hull characteristics with reasonable correlation to the available experimental measurements. Recently, moreover, the interest in Open Source
approaches, also for the solution of engineering problems, has rapidly grow. In this work, a set of calculations on a systematic series standard hull shape has been carried out, adopting from pre- to post- processing only Open Source tools. The comparison and the validation, through the available experimental measurements, of the computed results will define an optimal simulation strategy to include this kind of tools in the usual design loop.
A NUMERICAL DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE BREADTH OF GRP STIFFENED PLATES
Authors: Boote D , Vergassola G , Strano L
Published: October 2019

Stiffened plates are the most common structural components used in many engineering branches such as aircraft, trains, ships, offshore structures, and buildings of every kind and dimension. In the marine field, in particular, merchant and naval ship hulls can be considered to be an assembling of simple modules such as bottoms, sides, decks and bulkheads, all formed by stiffened plates. This very simple structural model has the advantage of offering a good compromise between strength, construction cost and weight. At the same time, the scantling of a stiffened plate can easily be obtained by hand calculations or by more refined tools, such as FEM codes, if a more reliable optimization is required. If the first approach is used, the first action to be performed is the calculation of the plate width acting with the stiffeners, usually referred to as “effective breadth”. This aspect, widely assessed in the steel structural field since the 50s, still needs further investigations in the field of composite materials, commonly used for building motor and sailing yachts. Given the present financially critical situation affecting yachts, especially in the range of small and medium size vessels, many shipyards, with a long experience in the GRP construction, devote more attention, on one hand, to significantly reduce the weight and cost of the hull structure and, on the other hand, to increase the vessel dimensions to improve their market potential. In both cases, a more detailed structure scantling is required and, in the case of a “by hand” calculation, this mainly implies a deeper knowledge of the “effective breadth” concept for composites. In this paper, a numerical procedure for the calculation of the effective breadth of GRP, single skin and sandwich stiffened plates is presented, using a numerical approach based on the finite element method. This study is focused on plates stiffened by GRP box beams for single skin panels and by GRP girder beams for sandwich ones. All the geometric characteristics of the model have been varied parametrically, in order to obtain a very wide data series that has been statistically processed.
AERODYNAMIC FORCE DEDUCTION ON YACHT SAILS USING PRESSURE AND SHAPE MEASUREMENTS IN REAL TIME
Authors: Pelley D Le , Morris D , Richards P , Motta D
Published: October 2019

Discussion Paper.
DYNAMIC STABILITY OF FOILBORNE HYDROFOIL/SWATH WITH ANHEDRAL FOIL CONFIGURATION
Authors: Williams S , Brizzolara S
Published: October 2019

The hybrid hydrofoil/SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) designed and patented by Stefano Brizzolara, is a novel vehicle that is optimized to operate in both a high-speed foilborne mode and a displacement mode. The deployable hydrofoils on the vehicle take on a unique four surface piercing anhedral foil configuration. This foilborne design had previously undergone only preliminary assessment of stability characteristics. A six degree of freedom model of the foilborne vehicle dynamics is introduced as a framework to study vehicle stability and maneuvering. Stability criteria derived from multiple linearized models of the vehicle dynamics are compared to the six degree of freedom results in both the vertical and horizontal planes. Foil configuration design criteria are developed for pitch equilibrium, pitch stability, and directional stability.
CONCEPT OF DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PILGRIM SHIPS IN INDIA
Authors: R. Kamath Yashwant , Sivaprasad Dr. K.
Published: October 2019

Being the land of Spirituality and Mythology, India has thousands of pilgrimage centres across its breadth and length. River Ganges, which originated from Great Himalaya and flows through number of states and finally merges at Kolkata with Bay of Bengal, is worshipped as goddess of prosperity by the masses in India. The goddess river Ganga has many pilgrimage centres spread along her shores right from the origin to the river mouth. The concept of Pilgrim Ships started in the year 1602, between Falmouth, England and Plymouth. From there has been more than 250 pilgrim ships plying mainly in Europe and America in the mid-17th Century. India, Specifically, the City of Bombay and parts of Gujrat became a part of global pilgrim ship route in the early 19th Century. There are also records of Pilgrim Ships built in India, during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar. All these has set forth a set of rules in the Indian Merchant Shipping act which gives specific rules for design of type vessel for pilgrimage. The proposed paper brings out design of a Pilgrimage Cum Cruise Vessel for Ganges, National Waterway No.1, with reference to the unique and specific design guidelines provided in the Indian Merchant Shipping Rules. The paper will discuss specific design issues related to requirements of pilgrims and general solutions to the requirements with a naval architectural touch. Potential for developing similar designs for other inland water-based routes in India will also be discussed as part of exploring a business proposal in this sector.
DESIGN FEATURES OF RIVER-SEA CRUISE PASSENGER VESSELS FOR RUSSIAN INLAND WATERWAYS AND ADJACENT SEAS
Authors: Egorov A G , Egorov G V , Ilnitskiy I A
Published: October 2019

New concepts of river-sea cruise passenger vessels are not only new vessels, but also new tourist product. In market of sea and river cruises there are practically no offers on earlier popular cruises between ports of Black, Mediterranean and Baltic, and Caspian seas. Thus, absence of offers is connected, first, with lack of river-sea cruise vessels. For the solution of problem of connection of sea and river routes modern cruise vessels of PV09, PV300 and PV300VD projects developed by Marine Engineering Bureau are offered.
Researches have shown that generally for native conditions traditional single hull type passenger vessel can be recommended. CFD-modelling tests were executed to optimize hull form. Module principles of creating inner living space were used widely. Standard module cabins usage let alternate passenger capacity by using passenger cabin modules with different area in accordance with required comfort level.
BUILDING TO THE REG YACHT CODES
Authors: Smith J C , Vinelli C
Published: October 2019

The Red Ensign Group (REG) has recently completed the development of an updated regulatory framework for Yachts, entitled the ‘REG Yacht Code’, which entered into force on the 1st of January 2019.

The Code’s aim is to further develop the well-established industry standards of the Large Commercial Yacht Code (LY3), combining the lessons learned from almost 20 years of regulating the Large Yacht sector since the first version of the Code was published in 1997 & Passenger Yacht Code (PYC) since the 1st edition was published in 2010. The revised text makes larger use of industry best practice, international standards and the IMO’s overarching remit for the provision of increased ‘Goal Based Standards’ with the intention of allowing room for more flexibility and innovation in the design and construction of Large Yachts.

Here, the principle changes to the Code are presented in addition to the benefits and challenges that are associated with achieving compliance. Finally, the key technical considerations during the design and construction process when building to Parts A and B are discussed.
HYDROFOIL CONFIGURATIONS FOR SAILING SUPERYACHTS: HYDRODYNAMICS, STABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: Souppez J-B R G
Published: October 2019

Hydrofoil-assisted racing monohulls have undergone significant development phases in the past decade, yet very little scientific data has reached the public domain: an increasingly critical issue as the superyacht industry is now looking at the implementation of foils onto leisure vessels. Consequently, three contemporary configurations, namely a Dynamic Stability System, a Dali-Moustache and a Chistera have been towing tank tested to present the first complete characterisation of the hydrodynamic efficiency, quantification of the added dynamic stability and eventually the resulting impact on sailing performance. Furthermore, the considerations inherent to the design and installation of hydrofoils onto superyachts will be detailed. Building on extensive experimental work, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment of current design options with both technical and practical guidelines and recommendations to improve performance.
DEVELOPING THE CONSTELLATION UNMANNED SURFACE VEHICLE PROTOTYPE
Authors: Shaw R G
Published: October 2019

Vessel navigation through the use of reliable nautical charts is vital to ensure safe passage. Having the ability to complement this with the ability to see accurately both what lies beneath the water and ahead of a vessel in real time provides an added dimension of safety and certainty. Combining the high value and deep draft of modern super and mega yachts with a penchant for exploration creates a tension which can test the availability and accuracy of navigation charts.

The development of a 2 metre remote-operated and autonomous-capable surface vehicle with ultra-high-resolution echo-sounder capability provides a unique solution which can open up considerable exploration capability. The ability to produce ultra-high-resolution images and relay these back to the mother vessel in real time enables precise seabed mapping, providing safer navigation. Additionally, it has the capability to deploy personal water-safety devices in situations such as a man-overboard incident.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS TO CONTROL WELDING DEFORMATION IN THIN PLATE
Authors: Ali M T
Published: October 2019

Shipbuilding industries facing the problem of welding deformation for seven decades and trying to control this problem but the thin plates bring non-linear problems in the ship structure. Especially in the bulkhead of the ship structure that leads to welding deformation due to small members of the profiles. Mostly, the problem occurs in the construction of yachts building because clients need good outlook of the ship. Therefore, the development of a new effective method to reduce the welding deformation in the thin plate by optimization of welding sequences and plating method at the time welding process and this method is help to reduce the deformation and also help to increase the productivity of the shipbuilding process.