bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les formes élémentaires d’agir performatif. Un essai de typologie sociologique
Authors: Binder Werner , Schinko Sophie , Binder Werner , Le Maître Francis
Published: April 2013

L’article étudie l’emploi du concept de performance au sein de la théorie sociologique contemporaine et développe pour lui-même une typologie de l’action performative en trois parties. Primo, les performances ritualisées se concentrent sur la manière dont ses participants s’y conforment. Secundo, les performances théâtralisées sont caractérisées par la fictionalité et introduisent ainsi une distinction entre acteurs et auditoires. Tertio, les performances sociales sont aussi distinctes des auditoires, mais ont ceci de particulier qu’elles doivent apparaître authentiques si elles veulent avoir un certain succès. Ces trois formes élémentaires constituent chacune un ensemble complexe ayant des règles propres. Ceci dit, des confluences et des interactions existent, telles les fois où les drames théâtraux empruntent aux événement historiques ou lorsque les acteurs sociaux s’inspirent de performances fictionnelles afin de recréer de la ritualité, et donc une certaine adhésion de la part des auditoires. À terme, il doit devenir clair que toutes ces formes de performance sont fortement entrelacées dans les faits, c’est-à-dire qu’elles puisent à ce même réservoir qu’est l’imaginaire social.
De l’essor de la performativité dans la politique-spectacle des démocraties de masse
Authors: Mast Jason L. , Gauthier Antoine , Roberge Jonathan
Published: April 2013

Cet article traite de la montée de la performativité au sein de la politique-spectacle contemporaine. Il soutient qu’à mesure que les conditions sociales sont devenues fragmentées, les acteurs politiques ont été amenés à travailler de façon plus consciemment symbolique dans leur manière de communiquer et de convaincre leur public. Le concept de fragmentation (defusion) sera ici proposé. Celui-ci suggère que les acteurs politiques doivent désormais travailler de façon plus théâtrale pour incarner l’autorité dévolue à leurs charges. En examinant à la fois les changements dans les stratégies américaines présidentielles, la compréhension populaire de la citoyenneté, la production de nouvelles ainsi que les technologies médiatiques tout au cours du vingtième siècle, l’article explique comment la sphère polymorphe que l’on appelle politique s’est organisée de manière de plus en plus théâtrale.
Comprensión de lectura en español por aprendices brasileños
Authors: Specht Luisa Bárbara , Kirchner Guimarães Sandra Regina
Published: April 2013

Este estudio analizó la comprensión de lectura en español (lengua extranjera) por aprendientes brasileños. Participaron de la investigación 67 alumnos de 8º y 9º años de la Enseñanza Fundamental de una escuela pública de Curitiba, Paraná. Se aplicaron diferentes instrumentos de recolección de datos para evaluar habilidades lingüísticas y metalingüísticas que interfieren en la capacidad de la comprensión de textos y también para analizar posibles relaciones entre el desempeño en la comprensión de textos en portugués y en español. Los resultados mostraron expresiva relación entre la prueba sintáctica de corrección gramatical y la comprensión de textos en español. Se verificó también entre los participantes que la comprensión de textos leídos en español les proporcionó pistas para inferir el significado de palabras desconocidas encontradas en el transcurso de la lectura. También se identificó una relación significativa entre el desempeño en la comprensión de textos en portugués y el desempeño en la comprensión de textos en español. Sin embargo, no se verificó relación significativa entre el dominio del vocabulario receptivo y la comprensión de textos en español. Se recomienda que en el proceso de enseñanza de español – lengua extranjera – los profesores utilicen el texto como base del trabajo pedagógico, orientando a los alumnos a utilizar el contexto (sentido del texto) tanto para identificar las palabras desconocidas como para aprender las diferentes estructuras de la lengua (de las más sencillas a las más complejas) de manera que puedan adquirir progresivamente las habilidades lingüísticas y metalingüísticas que favorecen un mayor dominio del español.
La educación virtual como la modalidad educativa para las personas con necesidades especiales: solo en la red no hay personas con discapacidad
Authors: Rama Claudio
Published: April 2013

La problemática del acceso a la educación para las personas con discapacidad, tradicionalmente ha sido vista desde el enfoque de la “Educación Especial”, el cual nunca se incorporó a la Educación Superior, la cual que siempre atendió igual a todos los estudiantes. Fue recién en los años 90 cuando tal paradigma cambió para centrarse en la accesibilidad, a través de políticas y estrategias centradas en superar las barreras físicas y educativas, e impulsar políticas de compensación. Tales políticas aunque permitieron aumentar el acceso para algunas personas, no cubrieron el acceso de todos, y se expresaron en altas tasas de deserción y baja eficiencia de titulación para las personas con discapacidades. El presente ensayo analiza esa fase y los sus resultados en bajos niveles de accesibilidad en la región, y se centra en cómo la actual virtualización está cambiando dicho paradigma al superar la problemática de la accesibilidad y centrarse en el acceso digital. En tal sentido, se sostiene que el aprendizaje colaborativo en red y el hogar como aula digital, se constituyen en la única modalidad que efectivamente permite la total accesibilidad para todas las personas con discapacidad, más allá de la diversidad de situaciones y patologías, y analizar como bajo el mundo digital no hay personas con discapacidades en tanto los soft y los hardware se constituyen en los interfaces de la accesibilidad a la educación
Virtual environment and teaching methodology in Higher Education in on-site modality
Authors: Guérios Ettiene , Sausen Sandra
Published: April 2013

This paper discusses the use of virtual environments in Higher Education in the presential modality. It comes from reflection on the results of qualitative research on exploratory-interpretative processes of interaction and mobilization of knowledge identified in students from a classroom course in Mathematics using resources from virtual learning environments. The theoretical framework is based on Thompson (2004), Primo (2008), Silva (2010), Scherer (2005), Charlot (2000), among others, with regard to the processes of interaction and mobilization of knowledge; in Guérios (2002) and Doll Jr. (1997) regarding the methodology of teaching in teacher education. The methodology of teaching is considered in an epistemological perspective that considers the relationship between subject and knowledge in the light of the curriculum learning. We observed that knowledge was mobilized in the interactive process and that there was conceptual learning of theoretical foundations of the Methodology of Teaching Mathematics subject. We discuss these results in view of the methodology of teaching in initial teacher training. We conclude pointing to the possibility of building a teaching methodology for higher education in the classroom mode, in which the spaces and virtual classroom environments are used as articulated environments, in the context of pedagogical practices that favor the existence of a reflexive learning movement.
Rapid localized spread and immunologic containment define Herpes simplex virus-2 reactivation in the human genital tract
Authors: Schiffer Joshua T , Swan David , Al Sallaq Ramzi , Magaret Amalia , Johnston Christine , Mark Karen E , Selke Stacy , Ocbamichael Negusse , Kuntz Steve , Zhu Jia , Robinson Barry , Huang Meei-Li , Jerome Keith R , Wald Anna , Corey Lawrence
Published: April 2013

Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) is shed episodically, leading to occasional genital ulcers and efficient transmission. The biology explaining highly variable shedding patterns, in an infected person over time, is poorly understood. We sampled the genital tract for HSV DNA at several time intervals and concurrently at multiple sites, and derived a spatial mathematical model to characterize dynamics of HSV-2 reactivation. The model reproduced heterogeneity in shedding episode duration and viral production, and predicted rapid early viral expansion, rapid late decay, and wide spatial dispersion of HSV replication during episodes. In simulations, HSV-2 spread locally within single ulcers to thousands of epithelial cells in <12 hr, but host immune responses eliminated infected cells in <24 hr; secondary ulcers formed following spatial propagation of cell-free HSV-2, allowing for episode prolongation. We conclude that HSV-2 infection is characterized by extremely rapid virological growth and containment at multiple contemporaneous sites within genital epithelium.
Acute stress enhances adult rat hippocampal neurogenesis and activation of newborn neurons via secreted astrocytic FGF2
Authors: Kirby Elizabeth D , Muroy Sandra E , Sun Wayne G , Covarrubias David , Leong Megan J , Barchas Laurel A , Kaufer Daniela
Published: April 2013

Stress is a potent modulator of the mammalian brain. The highly conserved stress hormone response influences many brain regions, particularly the hippocampus, a region important for memory function. The effect of acute stress on the unique population of adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) that resides in the adult hippocampus is unclear. We found that acute stress increased hippocampal cell proliferation and astrocytic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression. The effect of acute stress occurred independent of basolateral amygdala neural input and was mimicked by treating isolated NPCs with conditioned media from corticosterone-treated primary astrocytes. Neutralization of FGF2 revealed that astrocyte-secreted FGF2 mediated stress-hormone-induced NPC proliferation. 2 weeks, but not 2 days, after acute stress, rats also showed enhanced fear extinction memory coincident with enhanced activation of newborn neurons. Our findings suggest a beneficial role for brief stress on the hippocampus and improve understanding of the adaptive capacity of the brain.
Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs
Authors: Song Se Jin , Lauber Christian , Costello Elizabeth K , Lozupone Catherine A , Humphrey Gregory , Berg-Lyons Donna , Caporaso J Gregory , Knights Dan , Clemente Jose C , Nakielny Sara , Gordon Jeffrey I , Fierer Noah , Knight Rob
Published: April 2013

Human-associated microbial communities vary across individuals: possible contributing factors include (genetic) relatedness, diet, and age. However, our surroundings, including individuals with whom we interact, also likely shape our microbial communities. To quantify this microbial exchange, we surveyed fecal, oral, and skin microbiota from 60 families (spousal units with children, dogs, both, or neither). Household members, particularly couples, shared more of their microbiota than individuals from different households, with stronger effects of co-habitation on skin than oral or fecal microbiota. Dog ownership significantly increased the shared skin microbiota in cohabiting adults, and dog-owning adults shared more ‘skin’ microbiota with their own dogs than with other dogs. Although the degree to which these shared microbes have a true niche on the human body, vs transient detection after direct contact, is unknown, these results suggest that direct and frequent contact with our cohabitants may significantly shape the composition of our microbial communities.
The ART-Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase network comprises a plasma membrane quality control system that protects yeast cells from proteotoxic stress
Authors: Zhao Yingying , MacGurn Jason A , Liu Max , Emr Scott
Published: April 2013

Secretory cargo that cannot fold properly in the ER are selectively targeted for removal by a well-studied ER-associated degradation pathway, or ERAD. In contrast, very little is known about post-ER quality control mechanisms for damaged or misfolded integral membrane proteins. Here we describe a quality control function of the Rsp5-ART ubiquitin ligase adaptor network that functions to protect plasma membrane (PM) integrity. Failure to mediate this protective response during heat stress leads to toxic accumulation of misfolded integral membrane proteins at the cell surface, which causes loss of PM integrity and cell death. Thus, the Rsp5-ART network comprises a PM quality control system that works together with sequential quality control pathways in the ER and Golgi to (i) target the degradation of proteins that have exceeded their functional lifetime due to damage and/or misfolding and (ii) limit the toxic accumulation of specific proteins at the cell surface during proteotoxic stress.
Highly Emissive Chiral Indium‐Based Perovskite Single Crystals for Efficient Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: He Qingqing , Feng Jie , Du Liping , Shen Yueqi , Chen Haoyu , Yan Chi , Kang Shuilong , Wang Hengguang , Yin Yao , Wan Li , Li Youyong , Wang Yong , Fang Yuan , Ning Weihua
Published: July 2024

Chiral lead halide perovskites have captivated considerable attentions due to their distinctive attributes, such as ferroelectricity, spin‐dependent transport, and chiroptical activity. However, lead toxicity and weak circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have cast a pall over their practical applications. Here, a series of 0D lead‐free chiral enantiomorphic hybrids, such as (R‐/S‐MBA)3In1‐xSbxCl6 (x = 0–1) is successfully developed. By optimizing the Sb3+ doping concentration to 0.55%, the resultant (R‐/S‐MBA)3In99.45%Sb0.55%Cl6 not only shows a near‐unity quantum yield but also emanates potent CPL, boasting a dissymmetry factor (glum) of 6.3 × 10–3. These efficient CPL activities are intricately tied to the presence of a twisted luminescent cluster [SbCl6]3– induced by structural chirality. The comprehensive results reveal that the emission of the chiral perovskite originated from self‐trapped excitons (STEs) of 5s2 Sb3+ ions. Moreover, (MBA)3In99.45%Sb0.55%Cl6 single crystals also exhibit bright orange emission and UV detector signals. These findings will pave the way for the further investigation in efficient CPL and detectors based on lead‐free chiral optoelectronic materials.
Should AI be used in medicine? Not in MI, SUDs, CPDD panelists suggest
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2024

While artificial intelligence (AI) may have utility in some medical practices such as reading X‐rays, it is not going to be useful in diagnosing or treating conditions with nuances — notably, substance use disorders (SUDs) or mental illness — experts suggested in a panel on the topic at the June College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) annual conference in Montreal.
Access to clinical genetic services: An evaluation of patient referral characteristics and identifying barriers in Michigan
Authors: Lemke Lacey N. , Bupp Caleb P. , Niemchick Karen L.
Published: July 2024

The utilization of genetics in medical care has enhanced the utility of precision medicine and hence increased the need for clinical genetic services. These services have reduced the costs and expanded the availability of genetic testing, but their use is limited in certain populations. This study explores the access to clinical genetic services for Michigan patients referred to a genetics clinic on the western side of the state. Factors included the travel distance (miles), wait time for appointment (days from the referral date to the date of first appointment), population demographics, and cultural characteristics. A retrospective record review of all aged patients (n = 568) referred to a genetics clinic in 2018 demonstrated that all patients were insured (100%), of which majority were white‐non‐Hispanic (90.7%), more than half were < 10 years of age at referral (53.3%), and most of them kept their first appointment (93.5%). Our analysis showed that the wait time was associated with referral non‐compliance, p < 0.01. Adjusting for all variables, for each additional day in wait time, patients had 1% increased risk of not seeking clinical genetic services (OR = 1.01, 90% CI [1.01, 1.02]). Policies to encourage genetic service utilization and improve equitable access to precision health are needed. An opportunity exists for strategies that broaden and add diverse populations to those receiving genetic services.
Clustering‐Triggered Emission Mechanism of Sulfur Ester‐Polyacrylamide Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lei Xiaoping , Zhang Yuanchao , Wu Qingfeng , Zhang Xiangxi , Zhou Qing , Li Qi , Yi Lingmin
Published: July 2024

Most nonconventional luminogens enjoy good water solubility and biocompatibility, showing unique application prospects in fields like biological imaging. Although clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) mechanisms have been proposed to explain such emissions, it has not been thoroughly elucidated, which limits their development and application. Herein, the photoluminescence properties of polyacrylamide prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization aqueous solution are utilized to further investigate the effects of changes in concentration, in order to elucidate the emission mechanism through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and theoretical calculation. The results showed that the size distribution, morphology, and distance between the polymer clusters formed in the water solution are successfully correlated with the cluster emission centers. The emission mechanism of nonconventional luminogens solutions is more clearly and intuitively elucidated, which has a promoting effect on the emission and application of this field. It provides a strategy a strategy to clarify the CTE mechanism of nonconventional luminogens solution more clearly.
α‐Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source
Authors: Nishikata Takashi
Published: July 2024

This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α‐bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α‐bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo‐radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α‐bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α‐bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α‐bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α‐bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α‐bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi‐component reactions, cross‐coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α‐Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α‐bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
Minimally invasive and robotic‐assisted approaches applied to pediatric surgical oncology
Authors: Pachl Max , Lautz Timothy B. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Abdelhafeez Hafeez , Irtan Sabine
Published: July 2024

The management of pediatric tumors is complex, with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy being cornerstones in their treatment. Tumor removal is increasingly performed by a minimally invasive approach, which allows for quicker postoperative recovery and less postoperative pain. The goal of this report is to give an overview of minimally invasive surgical approaches for common pediatric tumors, with a focus on technical considerations and postoperative outcomes.
Der unwahrscheinliche Sprung eines Protons
Authors: Wild Robert , Wester Roland
Published: July 2024

Quantenmechanisches Tunneln ist ein Effekt, durch den ein Teilchen eine Energiebarriere durchdringen kann, obwohl es nicht genügend Energie besitzt, um diese zu überwinden. So können auch chemische Reaktionen stattfinden oder beschleunigt werden, selbst wenn die in der Reaktion verfügbare Energie nicht ausreichen würde. Auch in kalten interstellaren Wolken gibt es Reaktionen, die erst durch Tunneln ablaufen können. Allerdings ist das Berechnen einer solchen Reaktionsrate generell schwierig und nur bei den einfachsten Reaktionen möglich. In Experimenten bei niedrigen Temperaturen in Ionenfallen wurde die Tunnelreaktion zwischen D– und H2 gemessen. Für diese Protonentransfer‐Reaktion gibt es genaue quantenmechanische Berechnungen. Die Ergebnisse bei hohen H2‐Dichten zeigten einen zuvor unbekannten Effekt der Dynamik in Ionenfallen auf, der für stark erhöhte Reaktionsraten sorgte und mit Simulationen bestätigt wurde. Bei niedrigen H2‐Dichten wurde eine Reaktionskonstante gemessen, die mit den Berechnungen auf Basis der Quantenmechanik übereinstimmt. Sie entspricht einer Reaktionswahrscheinlichkeit von etwa einmal pro 100 Milliarden Kollisionen.
Impact of Free Core Nutation Modeling on the Estimation of Earth Rotation Parameters from Different VLBI Session Types
Authors: Laha Arnab , Böhm Johannes , Böhm Sigrid , Krásná Hana , Balasubramanian Nagarajan , Dikshit Onkar
Published: July 2024

Free Core Nutation (FCN) arises from complex geophysical processes causing misalignment between the mantle and the liquid core, and exhibits a retrograde motion with a period of about 431 days as observed by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) as part of the celestial pole offsets (CPO). This study assesses the influence of using an empirical model of FCN on estimating Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP) from different types of VLBI sessions, i.e., 24-hour S/X sessions (2001–2022), 24-hour VGOS sessions (2019–2022), and Intensive sessions (2001–2022). To evaluate the impact, a priori values of CPO from the IERS Bulletin A series and the FCN model by Belda et al. (2016) are used, and the estimated polar motion and UT1-UTC values are compared against the IERS 20 C04 EOP solution. The results indicate that the sole application of the empirical FCN model does not degrade the WRMS values but introduces time-dependent systematic differences in ERP. The comparison of S/X and VGOS sessions indicates that ERP estimated using the Belda model in VGOS sessions demonstrate slightly lower WRMS values.
The Danish Municipal CEO: Managing the Local Welfare State
Authors: Hansen Morten Balle
Published: July 2024

This chapter revisits research from the 1980s and 1990s and analyses the collective profile of the Danish municipal CEO (MCEOs) and its evolution since the 1980s. The analysis shows the embeddedness of the MCEO position in (a) the formal structure of local liberal democracy, (b) the long-term historical trends of public sector expansion, which in the Danish (Nordic) context primarily took place at the local government level, and (c) its associated large, expanding multi-task municipal organizations influenced by (d) national policy priorities and (e) globally diffusing models of governance, such as the new public management (NPM) reform wave of the 1980s. The analysis provides a unique portrait of the changing profile of the MCEOs managing these organizations, which currently employ around 18% of the Danish workforce and 56% of public employees, spend more than 60% of public consumption, and deliver most of the core services of the Danish welfare state. Building on primary and secondary data and previous as well as the most recent research, the chapter provides crucial new knowledge of management and leadership in Danish local government.
The Finnish Municipal CEO: A Strong Professional Leader in a Changing Political Environment
Authors: Sandberg Siv
Published: July 2024

The early institutionalization of the municipal chief executive officer (MCEO) in Finnish towns in 1927 has had long-standing repercussions for the power balance between politics and administration in Finnish local government. The tension between a strong appointed MCEO and a weaker political leadership has been a recurring theme in the Finnish debate. One key objective of the 1995 and 2015 reforms of the Local Government Act was to strengthen the role of political leadership vis-à-vis the MCEO. This chapter demonstrates that the position of the MCEO in the local politico–administrative system remains strong, despite the reform efforts and changes in the power relations between the MCEO and politicians.
The Contemporary Norwegian Municipal CEO
Authors: Torjesen Dag Olaf , Torsteinsen Harald , Saxi Hans Petter , Kiland Charlotte , Karlsen Tor-Ivar
Published: July 2024

This chapter describes the evolution of the Norwegian municipal chief executive officer (MCEO) from 1980 to 1992 and 2018, when the position was weakened politically but strengthened administratively. Today, the Norwegian MCEO corresponds to Mouritzen and Svara’s council–manager model, making it one of the most powerful in the Nordic region, second only to the Finish MCEO. Despite multiple significant contextual changes in the last two to three decades, the essential role of the Norwegian MCEO has remained remarkably stable, demonstrated in survey data from 1997 to 2017. Nevertheless, the data also show that the biographical characteristics of the MCEO have undergone considerable change during this period, most notably the increase in the proportion of female MCEOs from 7% to 30%. Further, today’s MCEOs are older and more highly educated, especially in disciplines such as economics, administration, and public management, reflecting the strong emphasis on economic management and performance in Norwegian municipalities. Finally, MCEOs are met with increasing expectations to combine innovation and management, cooperate internally and externally, and govern municipal affairs through complex, hybrid networks.
Human–Machine Interface and Configuration Software
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming
Published: July 2024

Human–machine interface (HMI, MMI) is generally used to communicate with PLC (frequency converter, PID) and other controllers.
Anti-interference and Fault Analysis of Control System
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming
Published: July 2024

There are various reasons for interference. The most important principle is that the wiring of strong current and weak point should be separated. There are many other requirements. It is impossible for us to list them here. Here are some common anti-interference methods.
Energy Efficiency Optimization of Heating and Cooling Systems
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming
Published: July 2024

In a heat source plant, there are many boilers. In the cooling system, there are many chillers. Whether it is a cooling system or a heating system, they are all thermal energy supply systems. There is a minimum energy consumption to provide constant thermal energy.
Most Commonly Used Actuator–Motor
Authors: Yao Fulai , Yao Yaming
Published: July 2024

In energy-saving control, a large number of electric motors are used for load distribution and devices switching. A lot of rotary motions, linear motion or other forms of mechanical motion are mostly driven by motors. It can be said that motors are the most commonly used actuators in the field of electrical engineering and automation. After being connected to a suitable power supply, the motor generates rotary motion, and the linear motor produce linear motion.
Car energy efficiency and emissions in the built environment
Authors: ten Dam Chris Djie , Bahamonde-Birke Francisco J. , Ettema Dick , Kramer Gert Jan , Koning Vinzenz
Published: July 2024

To mitigate climate change and safeguard energy security, it is necessary to limit car dependence, reduce car weights, and shift to alternative car powertrains. This study therefore looked into the real-world specific energy consumption and $$\hbox {CO}_{{2}}$$

CO
2

emissions of cars in the Netherlands. Next, it analyzed how sociodemographic and built environment variables influence energy-relevant car type choices with a multilevel discrete choice modeling framework. At a first stage, this framework considered the number of cars owned. Conditional on that decision, it simultaneously considered choices between different car fuel types and weight categories. The results showed that small, lower-income households with few male or older members in non-green (urban) environments were more likely to own light (efficient) vehicles. Remote households had a preference for light and diesel vehicles. In contrast, households with private parking tended to own heavy and electric vehicles. Finally, owning multiple cars was correlated with both non-urban living and heavy car preferences. The combined effect was a mild preference for energy efficient vehicles in urban areas. Previous studies that omitted vehicle energy efficiency thus slightly underestimated urban planning’s environmental impact. However, our results indicate that the built environment has a greater effect on travel energy use through the number of cars owned than through car specific energy consumption. The bias in the official vehicle energy data was also much larger than the total influence of the built environment on car specific energy consumption.
Temporal analysis of computational economics: a topic modeling approach
Authors: Mishra Malvika , Vishwakarma Santosh Kumar , Malviya Lokesh , Anjana S.
Published: July 2024

This study offers a comprehensive investigation into the thematic evolution within computational economics over the past two decades, leveraging advanced topic modeling techniques. Utilizing latent semantic analysis, latent dirichlet allocation (LDA), and BERTopic models, we discerned the distinctiveness, relevance, and coherence of topics generated. BERTopic emerged superior, capturing more distinct and relevant themes in the field. It is noteworthy that our work offers a broader analysis than previous studies which examined a smaller subset of research with only the LDA algorithm. Through this methodology, we identified and labeled 14 key research themes and visualized their interrelationships and prevalence over time. Notably, general domains like market analysis, equilibrium analysis, and financial modeling maintained substantial representation, while specific areas such as game theory and allocation mechanisms observed increased attention. In contrast, domains like asset pricing and fair division saw a decline in interest. This study provides a systematic organization of the literature, captures shifts in trends, and offers recommendations for future research in computational economics.
Securing a sustainable future: the climate change threat to agriculture, food security, and sustainable development goals
Authors: Saleem Anam , Anwar Sobia , Nawaz Taufiq , Fahad Shah , Saud Shah , Ur Rahman Tanzeel , Khan Muhammad Nasir Rasheed , Nawaz Touqir
Published: July 2024

Climate alteration poses a consistent threat to food security and agriculture production system. Agriculture sector encounters severe challenges in achieving the sustainable development goals due to direct and indirect effects inflicted by ongoing climate change. Although many industries are confronting the challenge of climate change, the impact on agricultural industry is huge. Irrational weather changes have raised imminent public concerns, as adequate output and food supplies are under a continuous threat. Food production system is negatively threatened by changing climatic patterns thereby increasing the risk of food poverty. It has led to a concerning state of affairs regarding global eating patterns, particularly in countries where agriculture plays a significant role in their economies and productivity levels. The focus of this review is on deteriorating consequences of climate alteration with the prime emphasis on agriculture sector and how the altering climatic patterns affect food security either directly or indirectly. Climate shifts and the resultant alteration in the temperature ranges have put the survival and validity of many species at risk, which has exaggerated biodiversity loss by progressively fluctuating the ecological structures. The indirect influence of climate variation results in poor quality and higher food costs as well as insufficient systems of food distribution. The concluding segment of the review underscores the emphasis on policy implementation aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change, both on a regional and global scale. The data of this study has been gathered from various research organizations, newspapers, policy papers, and other sources to aid readers in understanding the issue. The policy execution has also been analyzed which depicted that government engrossment is indispensable for the long-term progress of nation, because it will guarantee stringent accountability for the tools and regulations previously implemented to create state-of-the-art climate policy. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce or adapt to the effects of climate change because, in order to ensure global survival, addressing this worldwide peril necessitates a collective global commitment to mitigate its dire consequences.
A multitrophic culture system for the production of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Deguara André , Deguara Simeon , Buhagiar Joseph A.
Published: July 2024

Goals number 2, 11 and 12 of the 17 sustainable development goals, enacted by the United Nations as part of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, aim to end hunger as a priority, create sustainable cities and above all encourage responsible consumption and production. With increasing world population and higher demand for food, we need to find ways of producing cheap sources of protein and lipid that may in turn be used as animal or aquaculture feed. A multitrophic system involving mealworm larvae (MWL, Tenebrio molitor) and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) was developed to transform fruit and vegetable kitchen waste into usable biomass. MWL, fed mainly on kitchen waste, reached an average prepupal length of 2.4 cm, fresh weight of 0.12 g and dry matter protein and lipid contents of 44.2% and 16.5% respectively, with an average specific growth rate (SGR) of 2.2%/day and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 7.9. Conversely, BSFL fed on a variety of feeds, including MWL frass, kitchen waste and oats, had an average prepupal length of 1.3 cm, fresh weight of 0.16 g and dry matter protein and lipid contents of 41.4% and 26.3% respectively, with an average SGR and FCR of 4.3%/day and 8.9 respectively. The BSFL fed MWL frass obtained some of highest SGR and lowest FCR values, with one group achieving 7.5%/day and 2.9 respectively. This investigation has demonstrated the feasibility of a multi-trophic production system using kitchen waste to feed MWL whose frass was in turn used to feed BSFL thereby producing protein- and lipid-rich biomass that can serve as animal or aquaculture feed.
The role of graft cross-linking during keratoplasty in patients with corneal melting
Authors: Kilian Raphael , Schmidinger Gerald , Lammer Jan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of corneal crosslinking (CXL) of grafts during keratoplasty (KP) in patients with refractory corneal melting (CM). This is a retrospective case series reporting the clinical outcomes of patients who received a crosslinked corneal graft during penetrating or deep anterior lamellar KP for refractory infectious or sterile CMs. Outcome measures were the recurrence of CM, the time required for epithelial healing following KP, incidence of complications, and necessity for re-transplantation. Twenty eyes of 18 patients with a follow-up of 29.2 ± 15.8 months were included in this study. All but two eyes had undergone previous KPs during the course of their disease (mean 1.9 ± 1.6). After CXL-enhanced KP, three eyes (15%) experienced recurrence of CM, three eyes developed an infectious keratitis and six eyes (30%) required a re-transplantation (three of them within 12 months). The mean time to epithelium closure after CXL-enhanced KP was 63 ± 90 days. The number of postoperative re-transplantations was significantly lower than the number of KPs performed before the CXL-enhanced transplantation (before CXL 1.9 ± 1.6 vs after CXL: 0.3 ± 0.57, p = 0.002). To conclude, CXL of the graft at the time of keratoplasty decreased the need for re-transplantations. However, further studies are needed in order to establish its role in the management of severe CM necessitating therapeutic corneal transplantation.
Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis for harvest date in sugar beet cultivars
Authors: Hemayati Saeed Sadeghzadeh , Hamdi Farahnaz , Saremirad Ali , Hamze Hamze
Published: July 2024

This research assessed the quantitative and qualitative reactions of commercially grown sugar beets to four different harvest dates and their yield stability. The study followed a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design over 3 years. The main plot involved 10 sugar beet cultivars, while the subplot involved four harvest dates: August 13 (HD1), September 7 (HD2), October 3 (HD3), and November 12 (HD4). The study found that environmental conditions, genotypes, and harvest dates significantly affected various traits of sugar beet. Yearly environmental variations and their interactions with genotypes and harvest dates had substantial impacts on all measured traits at the 1% probability level. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis based on white sugar yield indicated that genotype and environment's additive effects, as well as the genotype–environment interaction, were significant at 1% probability level. Shokoufa and Arya, which exhibit high white sugar yield (WSY) and low first interaction principal component (IPC1) values, are identified as desirable due to their stability across different environments. Among the harvest dates in different years, the fourth and third dates showed a higher yield than the total average. Perfekta and Ekbatan exhibited high specific adaptability. According to the multi-trait stability index, Arta, Arya and Sina were recognized as stable and superior across all measured traits.
Leveraging digital tools for enhanced green building cost analysis: A sustainable approach to construction economics
Authors: Hui Shijia
Published: July 2024

This research has focused on the implication of digital systems in the computation of green building pros and cons of green building construction, leaving the weightier issue of technology and sustainability in the building construction practices. The subject of the research will be the implementation and application of Building Information Modeling (BIM), lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) software, and energy simulation tools in construction economics. It focuses on finding the right balance between economic gains and the sustainability of the environment during construction in the field of economics. The ecumenical research methodology comprises of case studies, and quantitative data analysis, in a bid to measure the correctness, efficiency, and comprehensive green audit enhancement mechanism that is digitized. Concluding remarks suggest that digital instruments greatly improve the precision and effectiveness of cost estimation besides giving outstanding results in studying the environmental impact of a construction project. Furthermore, it offers solutions to difficulties of digital tool adoption by SMEs. This research project fits the bill by giving a clear model of integrating digital technology into the existing green building cost allocation system and substance to the construction industry that is environmentally friendly and economically sustainable.
3D printing building technology – the game changing future technology
Authors: Varghese Febi , Jayan R.
Published: July 2024

3D printing is basically, constructing an object or structure based on a computer aided design, depositing the material layer by layer using a Robotic Printer. The major advantages of 3D Printing are: Time saving, Design flexibilit, Environment friendly and it is suitable for constructions in hazardous & dangerous areas,where human force can not be deployed. 3D Printing technology makes the construction quicker and the buildings can be designed with intricate architectural details, and the technology allows for greater flexibility in customizing the design to meet specific needs, as the 3D Printer can execute whatever design it is fed continuously, and it also avoids waste of materials that happens during construction in a conventional way. Having multifarious advantages, 3D Printing is going to be the game changing technology and no doubt, this will be the future technology in construction sector across the globe towards a sustainable development.
Linking emotion to risk-taking behaviours of construction workers: Appraisal-tendency framework
Authors: He Tiantian , Luo Siyu , Ye Gui
Published: July 2024

The reduction of construction accidents contributes to the sustainable development of the construction industry. Risk-taking behaviour of construction workers is an important cause of accidents. Also, discrete negative emotional states, as important psychological factors influencing the risk-taking behaviour, are determinants for controlling accident rate in the construction practice. But there are limited studies on construction safety risk from the appraisal tendencies of emotions. Therefore, this study conducted the classic Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in two behavioural experiments to explore the correlation between emotions and risk behaviours of construction workers. The behavioural results suggested that construction workers in the positive emotion were more prone to take risks than those in the negative emotions, which was in accord with affective generalization hypothesis. Specially in the negative emotions, construction workers with anger and sadness were prone to take risks while workers with disgust and fear to risk aversion. This study made an in-depth analysis of the correlation between different emotions valence (positive and negative) and risk-taking behaviours, with a particular focus on the relationship between the discrete negative emotions (i.e., anger, disgust, fear and sadness) and risk-taking behaviours. Therefore, such findings give insights into appraisal-tendency framework (ATF) in the construction industry.
An optimization of thermal, visual and energy indicators for retrofit with photobioreactors in the mediterranean climate
Authors: Yaman Yonca , Tokuç Ayça
Published: July 2024

There is a need for innovative products that cause fewer carbon emissions in the construction industry. Photobioreactor (PBR) façade elements can produce microalgae for biomass, food, or raw materials for various industries. The harvested algae also catch carbon during growth. Its use as a façade element affects the thermal and visual comfort of occupants and the energy consumption of the integrated building. However, very few built examples and physical model development are in progress. This paper deals with integrating PBR to retrofit the south façade for an office building in the Mediterranean climate. It uses multi-criteria optimization simulations to increase occupants’ thermal comfort while decreasing total energy consumption and increasing visual comfort. Pareto-optimal results show the effects of various design variables, including PBR properties, heating and cooling setpoints, wall and insulation material and thickness, and window-to-wall ratio (WWR). The results show that alternative retrofit options are better than the existing building for all optimization targets. The heating and cooling setpoints are the most effective design parameters in determining energy consumption, while PBR properties affected the thermal and visual comfort the most. In conclusion, more research is necessary to realize PBR retrofits now, but preliminary results show promise.
Modeling and control strategies for solid-state hydrogen storage system in fuel cell
Authors: Chen Baihui , Zhou Su , Chen Fengxiang
Published: July 2024

Given the disadvantageous factors of the currently prevalent high-pressure hydrogen cylinder storage technology for providing hydrogen to proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), such as bulky systems, significant energy losses, and high costs, this study adopts a novel and efficient solid-state hydrogen storage technology as the hydrogen supply method for PEMFC. Through the design of the topological structure of the metal hydride hydrogen storage system, a simulation model of the metal hydride hydrogen storage system is built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform based on this structure. The research focuses on designing corresponding control methods for the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage device. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed controller achieves rapid response within 15 seconds, exhibiting excellent dynamic performance, and effectively realizes the objective of supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell system rapidly and stably.
UPQC-Based Power Quality Improvement in Grid-linked PV, Battery & Wind Systems
Authors: Shravani Chapala , R L Narasimham , G Tulasi Ram Das
Published: July 2024

This paper portrays an examination into the enhancement of power quality in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV), battery, and wind systems using Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The incorporation of non-conventional energy resources such as PV, wind, and battery storage into the grid introduces challenges related to power fluctuations, voltage sags, harmonics, and power factor variations. To address these confronts, the UPQC approach is employed to improve power quality parameters and ensure grid stability. In this study, Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are utilized for both PV and wind energy systems to optimize power extraction from these sources. Additionally, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) control is applied to the shunt and series inverters to regulate voltage levels, mitigate harmonics, and improve overall system efficiency. The ANFIS-based control strategy enhances the performance of the inverters by dynamically adjusting their parameters based on system operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed UPQC-based approach in mitigating power quality issues, reducing voltage fluctuations, improving power factor, and enhancing system stability during varying load conditions. The integration of P&O MPPT for PV and wind systems along with ANFIS control for inverters significantly contributes to the overall power quality enhancement in grid-linked non-conventional energy structures.
Real Time Monitoring and Analysis of String Faults in Solar Plant Using IoT
Authors: Sai Thrinath B.V. , Lakshmi Prasanna B. , Powl S John , Sreeramula Reddy N. , K Nagalingachary , Ponmurugan P.
Published: July 2024

Monitoring solar power facilities closely is crucial for maximizing power output. This involves vigilant oversight to detect issues such as faulty connections, malfunctioning solar panels, and dust accumulation that hampers efficiency. To facilitate seamless integration with photovoltaic (PV) systems and pinpoint faults, this project unveils the hardware architecture of a smart grid home gateway. The proposed solution is an automated Internet of Things (IoT) based solar power monitoring system, allowing remote monitoring of solar power performance via the internet. Utilizing an Arduino-based system integrated with CT and Voltage sensors, the project measures and monitors various solar panel properties. Faults are identified by comparing the recorded voltage of the panels with the data from the Voltage sensor. The solution efficiently communicates power output to the IoT system over the internet, ensuring continuous monitoring of solar panel performance.