bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte Cell Ratios and Mortality among Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Catabay Christina , Obi Yoshitsugu , Streja Elani , Soohoo Melissa , Park Christina , Rhee Connie M. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Hamano Takayuki , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar
Published: November 2017

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been previously suggested as oncologic prognostication markers. These are associated with malnutrition and inflammation, and hence, may provide benefit in predicting mortality among hemodialysis patients. Methods: Among 108,548 incident hemodialysis patients in a large U.S. dialysis organization (2007–2011), we compared the mortality predictability of NLR and PLR with baseline and time-varying covariate Cox models using the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), net reclassification index (NRI), and adjusted R2. Results: During the median follow-up period of 1.4 years, 28,618 patients died. Median (IQR) NLR and PLR at baseline were 3.64 (2.68–5.00) and 179 (136–248) respectively. NLR was associated with higher mortality, which appeared stronger in the time-varying versus baseline model. PLR exhibited a J-shaped association with mortality in both models. NLR provided better mortality prediction in addition to demographics, comorbidities, and serum albumin; ΔAUROC and NRI for 1-year mortality (95% CI) were 0.010 (0.009–0.012) and 6.4% (5.5–7.3%) respectively. Additionally, adjusted R2 (95% CI) for the Cox model increased from 0.269 (0.262–0.276) to 0.283 (0.276–0.290) in the non-time-varying model and from 0.467 (0.461–0.472) to 0.505 (0.500–0.512) in the time-varying model. There was little to no benefit of adding PLR to predict mortality. Conclusions: High NLR in incident hemodialysis patients predicted mortality, especially in the short-term period. NLR, but not PLR, added modest benefit in predicting mortality along with demographics, comorbidities, and serum albumin, and should be included in prognostication approaches.
Circulating LncRNAs Serve as Diagnostic Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Weidong , Sun Yong , Liu Ling , Zhou Bing , Wang Shuming , Gu Dianhua
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Circulating (serous or plasmic) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as biomarkers for predicting the diagnosis or prognosis of human disease have been well documented. Due to the sensibility or specificity limitation of Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), a cluster lncRNAs were revealed as fingerprints for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we enrolled all the reported circulating lncRNAs in HCC as candidate targets and examined in an independent cohort. Methods: The candidate lncRNAs were determined by qRT-PCR divided into training and validation sets. The risk score analysis was employed to evaluate the potential diagnosis ability of the lncRNAs independently or combining with AFP value. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied for presentation of sensibility or specificity. Results: Among the ten candidate circulating lncRNA, LINC00152, RP11-160H22.5, XLOC014172 and LOC149086 were screened with significant difference in training set. Further investigation in validation set indicated LINC00152, RP11-160H22.5 and XLOC014172 might be the fingerprints for HCC comparing with chronic hepatitis (CH) patients or healthy controls. The risk score analysis revealed the combination of three lncRNAs with AFP could distinguish the HCC from either CH or healthy control with the area under curve value (AUC) of 0.986 and 0.985, respectively. Conclusion: The three lncRNAs may act as novel biomarkers for acting as fingerprint in HCC combining with AFP.
O carnaval da turba futurista
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula Freitas de
Published: November 2017

O artigo trata da repercussão do futurismo italiano no Brasil, a partir da análise de crônicas de Menotti Del Picchia publicadas no Correio Paulistano, entre 1920 e 1922. Nessa época o escritor participou da polêmica sobre a vanguarda italiana veiculada na imprensa paulistana, publicando uma série de crônicas que, ao promover ideias futuristas e criticar a literatura passadista, estabelecem a formulação de um futurismo compósito, adaptado à realidade brasileira; e esboçam as principais teses do movimento modernista.
"Procurar sangue até num nabo": sulle traduzioni brasiliane delle Lettere dal Carcere di Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Maffia Gesualdo
Published: November 2017

L’articolo ricostruisce i contesti e le scelte editoriali delle due edizioni brasiliane delle Lettere dal carcere di Antonio Gramsci, rispettivamente del 1966 e del 2005. I due traduttori, svolgendo il proprio lavoro in situazioni storico-sociali molto differenti (Noênio Spínola durante la dittatura, Luiz Sérgio Henriques nel Brasile democratico), offrono al lettore traduzioni che si distanziano tra loro più che nelle scelte teoriche, nella resa empirica dell’epistolario gramsciano in lingua portoghese. Il testo si conclude analizzando alcune scelte di traduzione di modi di dire e proverbi italiani presenti in entrambe le edizioni brasiliane.
Genealogia e historicismo crítico: dois modelos de Esclarecimento nos escritos de Horkheimer e Adorno
Authors: Abromeit John
Published: November 2017

Este artigo sustenta que dois conceitos distintos de Esclarecimento coexistem em tensão na Dialética do esclarecimento de Horkheimer e  Adorno. De acordo com o primeiro conceito, genealógico, o Esclarecimento é uma forma confusa de autopreservação que existiu desde a aurora da civilização ocidental. O segundo conceito, historicista crítico, concebe como Esclarecimento os ideais críticos e antiautoritários articulados – mais radicalmente na França do século XVIII – durante o irregular desenvolvimento da sociedade burguesa moderna. Depois de examinar as origens destes dois conceitos nos primeiros escritos de Adorno e Horkheimer, este artigo demonstra porque o primeiro conceito se tornou dominante na Dialética do esclarecimento, ao mesmo tempo apontando traços significativos do segundo conceito que ali permaneceram. Argumenta-se que uma reconsideração do conceito historicista crítico revela um modelo de Teoria Crítica inicial que ainda pode fornecer uma alternativa convincente não apenas para a Dialética do esclarecimento, mas também para as tentativas mais recentes de situar a Teoria Crítica em fundamentos normativos.
“Para além do Princípio de Gênero”: Horkheimer e Adorno sobre o Problema de Gênero e Identificação
Authors: Stoegner Karin
Published: November 2017

Este artigo investiga o papel do gênero na Teoria Crítica e demonstra como Horkheimer e Adorno se referem de maneira central às relações de gênero quando lidam com o problema da subjetivação, identificação e dominação da natureza. A interpretação de Horkheimer sobre a identificação na primeira infância baseia-se em uma teoria dialética da dominação que envolve uma crítica minuciosa à conceptualização de Freud sobre o complexo de Édipo. Partindo desta interpretação, procuro avaliar uma noção particular de feminilidade enquanto uma construção social que revela o antagonismo social e, simultaneamente, serve como prisma para uma utopia negativa.
A presença de Nietzsche no percurso intelectual de Horkheimer
Authors: Brandão Eduardo
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo busca indicar as transformações na abordagem da filosofia de Nietzsche ao longo da produção intelectual de Horkheimer até o início da década de 1940. Nesse percurso, é possível perceber que o teor das análises de Nietzsche altera-se também na medida em que sua filosofia é contraposta ao marxismo, que nesse movimento surge com perda significativa de sua capacidade explicativa da realidade.
2017 American Heart Association Focused Update on Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Kleinman Monica E. , Goldberger Zachary D. , Rea Thomas , Swor Robert A. , Bobrow Bentley J. , Brennan Erin E. , Terry Mark , Hemphill Robin , Gazmuri Raúl J. , Hazinski Mary Fran , Travers Andrew H.
Published: November 2017

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a lifesaving technique for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. Despite advances in resuscitation science, basic life support remains a critical factor in determining outcomes. The American Heart Association recommendations for adult basic life support incorporate the most recently published evidence and serve as the basis for education and training for laypeople and healthcare providers who perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
The Global Productivity Slump:  Common and Country-Specific Factors
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Park Donghyun , Shin Kwanho
Published: November 2017

Productivity growth is slowing around the world. In 2015, the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) hovered around zero for the fourth straight year, down from 1 percent in 1996–2006 and 0.5 percent in 2007–12. In this paper we identify previous episodes of sharp and sustained decelerations in TFP growth using data for a large sample of countries and years. TFP slumps are ubiquitous:  We find as many as 77 such episodes, depending on definition, in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Low levels of educational attainment and unusually high investment rates are among the significant country-specific correlates of TFP slumps, and energy-price shocks are among the significant global factors.
A reappraisal of the genera Nannopus Brady, 1880 and Ilyophilus Lilljeborg, 1902 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Nannopodidae) with a description of N. parvipilis sp. nov. from South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong Guk , Choi Hyun Ki , Yoon Seong Myeong
Published: November 2017

The genera Nannopus Brady, 1880 and Ilyophilus Lilljeborg, 1902 are reappraised based on the characteristic features of a new species, Nannopus parvipilis sp. nov., collected from the brackish mud flat on Jindo Island, South Korea. Nannopus species have long been known as having a two-segmented P3 endopod. However, we discovered N. parvipilis sp. nov. having a one-segmented P3 endopod in accordance with the description of the genus by Brady. It implies that Brady’s generic diagnosis was appropriate and tentatively correct, and such species having a two-segmented P3 endopod but still being placed in Nannopus should be excluded from the genus. The genus Ilyophilus Lilljeborg, 1902, which has been regarded as a junior synonym of Nannopus, is revived to accommodate these Nannopus species. Thus, Nannopus is now composed of only two species, N. palustris and N. parvipilis sp. nov. and Ilyophilus comprises eight species: I. flexibilis Lilljeborg, 1902, I. perplexus Sars, 1909b comb. nov., I. unisegmentatus (Shen & Tai, 1964) comb. nov., I. didelphis (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., I. hirsutus (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., I. procerus (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., I. scaldicola (Fiers & Kotwicki, 2013) comb. nov., and I. ganghwaensis (Vakita, Kihara & Lee, 2016). In addition, N. palustris sensu Canu, 1892, which was commonly considered as representing the criterion of N. palustris, is established as a new species, I. canui sp. nov., based on the characteristic feature of the P3. A detailed description and illustrations of N. parvipilis sp. nov. are provided.
Two new records of the leucosioid genus Pariphiculus Alcock, 1896 from Taiwan (Decapoda, Brachyura, Iphiculidae)
Authors: Shih Yi-Jia , Ho Ping-Ho , Jeng Ming-Shiou
Published: November 2017

Two species of brachyurans, Pariphiculus coronatus (Alcock & Anderson, 1894) and Pariphiculus agariciferus Ihle, 1918, family Iphiculidae, are reported from Taiwan for the first time. A key to the known species of the genus is presented.
A new species of Niphargus (Amphipoda, Niphargidae) from Crete (Greece)
Authors: Zettler Michael L. , Zettler Anja
Published: November 2017

A new species of the family Niphargidae, Niphargus zarosiensis sp. nov., is described from samples collected in 2016 from a spring draining into Lake Zaros on Crete Island, Greece. This is the first record of the genus Niphargus from a spring on Crete south of the Ida Mountains. Two other Niphargus-species on Crete are known: Niphargus impexus Karaman, 2016 and Niphargus lakusici Karaman, 2017. N. zarosiensis sp. nov. is closely related to N. impexus described from northern Crete. The differences to N. lakusici are more obvious.
Morphology of the first zoeal stage of Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Malacostraca, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) hatched in the laboratory
Authors: Vieira Rony R. R. , Santos Cleverson R. M. , Anker Arthur
Published: November 2017

The first zoeal stage of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 is described and illustrated based on hatchlings from an ovigerous female, collected in Rio Campupema, Abaetetuba, in the northern Brazilian state of Pará, and compared with the first zoeae of several other species of the genus occurring in Brazil. Although the first zoeae of the different species of Macrobrachium are morphologically very similar, they can still be separated by a combination of morphological characters but only M. surinamicum has one smooth seta on the maxillular endopod. Although a complete larval series of M. surinamicum presently remains unknown, as pereiopods 3-5 and pleopods are absent, the outcome of this study suggests that the larval development of this species is extended and includes at least seven larval stages.
Effect of different substrates on survival and growth of juveniles of the freshwater narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Decapoda, Astacidae)
Authors: Mazlum Yavuz , Guner Gurlek Ozlem , Sirin Sinem
Published: November 2017

Substrate is a key factor for successful crayfish culture, and it can be used to increase the survival rate. The effects of substrate on the survival and growth of Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 were evaluated in flow-through compartments, divided into three sections and with two different substrates, over a period of 90 days. The three treatments used in the study were: artificial ropes, small stones, and a control group that received no substrate. The survival rate was highest in the small-stones treatment group (77.3%) and was lowest in the without-substrate treatment group (41.3%), while the artificial-ropes group showed an intermediate value (65.3%). Total yield was lower in the control group, 22.46% (25.0 g) as compared to the small-stones treatment group, with 42.3% (51.3 g) and the artificial-ropes treatment with 35.51% (55.8 g). In addition, cheliped injuries were found in higher proportion in the group without cover, and the artificial ropes yielded better results compared to the small-stones and no-substrate group in regard of the growth-increase rate.
Seasonal variations of amphipod assemblages in a Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile, 1813 meadow from the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy)
Authors: Camisa Federica , Abbattista Chiara , Bellisario Bruno , Angeletti Dario , Lattanzi Loretta , Cimmaruta Roberta
Published: November 2017

Temporal variability in species composition and abundance may enhance coexistence in ecological communities, especially when subjected to strong seasonal patterns. Species distribution through time may be related to many factors, such as changes in the structure and functioning of preferred habitats, variations in ecological interactions or asynchronous patterns in species life cycles. Here, data from a one-year survey of amphipod assemblages from a nearly undisturbed Posidonia oceanica meadow are used to investigate the seasonal patterns in species abundance and identity. Our results highlight the presence of a core group of species inhabiting the meadow throughout the year, although an in depth analysis reveals three differentiated seasonal assemblages corresponding to autumn, winter, and a warm season clustering of both spring and summer. The observed patterns suggest the interplay between different mechanisms drives the coexistence of amphipods over the whole year, including niche partitioning, predation pressure, and variations in life history traits.
Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese
Authors: Robbeets Martine
Published: November 2017

In this paper, I propose a hypothesis reconciling Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in the Japanese language, explaining the spread of the Japanic languages through farming dispersal. To this end, I identify the original speech community of the Transeurasian language family as the Neolithic Xinglongwa culture situated in the West Liao River Basin in the sixth millennium BC. I argue that the separation of the Japanic branch from the other Transeurasian languages and its spread to the Japanese Islands can be understood as occurring in connection with the dispersal of millet agriculture and its subsequent integration with rice agriculture. I further suggest that a prehistorical layer of borrowings related to rice agriculture entered Japanic from a sister language of proto-Austronesian, at a time when both language families were still situated in the Shandong-Liaodong interaction sphere.
Dialogue through the Image
Authors: Clammer John Robert
Published: November 2017

This paper examines the relationship between the transmission of religion (specifically Christianity) and not texts but visual images, in this instance as embodied in Christian art. The paper is not an exercise in art history as such but an attempt to build a model of the multiple effects of the reception of a new visual culture on a range of cultural dimensions, and in particular the ways in which the new visual discourse transforms ideas about the self, the body, nature, and a wide range of other significant elements of culture. The paper explores the ways in which Christian art transformed subjectivities across wide areas of Asia and contributed in a major way to the establishment of what has become known as modernity. It argues that processes of religious conversion are not only cognitive but also involve the internalization of new forms of representation, ritual, clothing, and other forms of material culture. Studies of the transmission of Buddhism in Asia have suggested that this artistic and material dimension is critical, and the paper raises the question as to what extent the same can be said about the transmission and reception of Christianity. The paper also makes methodological suggestions about fresh ways of linking art history to the analysis of cultural change, especially as it relates to questions of religious transformation.
REVISITING THE TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF GUIBOURTIA IN THE NEOTROPICS (LEGUMINOSAE, DETARIOIDEAE)
Authors: PINTO RAFAEL BARBOSA , MANSANO VIDAL DE FREITAS , SARTORI ÂNGELA LÚCIA BAGNATORI , TOZZI ANA MARIA GOULART DE AZEVEDO
Published: November 2017

Guibourtia is a genus of Leguminosae comprising ca. 15 mostly African species, but it is also represented in the Neotropics, with populations in Cuba and South America. The Neotropical populations have been treated as comprising one to several species and/or infraspecific taxa. To access the distinctiveness of these putative taxa in the Neotropics, we analyzed morphological variation in herbarium specimens. Morphological discontinuities in leaflet shape, texture, and venation, and ovary pubescence support the recognition of two geographically disjunct species: G. hymenaeifolia in Cuba and G. chodatiana in South America. Another taxon, Guibourtia confertiflora is known from only a single specimen from northeastern Brazil. It possess characteristics of both Guibourtia and the related genus Peltogyne, and in most respects, it resembles the sympatric species Peltogyne pauciflora. We tentatively exclude it from our analysis pending further study. We provide an identification key, descriptions and illustrations of all treated taxa, taxonomic comments and formalization of synonyms and lectotypifications.
The identification of Garcinia anomala (Clusiaceae)
Authors: WANG LEI , XIE YIFEI , ZHANG ZHIXIANG
Published: November 2017

The taxonomic status of Garcinia bracteata (Clusiaceae), a species endemic to China, has been questionable because its taxonomic traits are indistinct from Garcinia anomala and Garcinia propinqua. According to field investigations, careful examination of herbarium specimens, and statistical analysis, we assert that the traits previously used for distinguishing between G. bracteata, G. anomala and G. propinqua are unreliable for distinguishing these species. Therefore, G. bracteata and G. propinqua are being treated as synonyms of G. anomala. G. anomala is the earliest named species and thus has nomenclatural priority.
Calanthe taibaishanensis, A New Orchid Species from China: Evidence from Morphological and Molecular Analyses
Authors: GUO MING , ZHAI JUN-WEN , WU XIN-YI , LI SHUANG-XI , WANG MENG , LI ZHI-JUN , CHEN LI-JUN
Published: November 2017

Calanthe Brown (1821: t. 573) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia to the Pacific islands and Africa, with only one species distributed in northern South America. Infrageneric relationships of Calanthe and its close related genera, such as Phaius Lour. (1790: t2: 527, 529), Cephalantheropsis Guill. (1960: 188–189) and Gastrorchis Thouars (Gastorkis, 1809: 317) has long been a controversial issue (Xiang et al. 2014; Zhai et al. 2014). A recent treatment suggested was accepted by most orchidologists that both of previously used as subgenus Preptanthe (1853: 245) and section Styloglossum (1829: [11] may well be elevated to the rank of genus (Zhai et al. 2014, Tomohisa Y. & Phillip C. 2014). According to this treatment, the revised Calanthe has about 150 species all over the world, and approximately 40 species in China (Chen et al., 2009; Clayton & Cribb 2013).
The black coral fauna (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) of Bermuda with new records
Authors: WAGNER DANIEL , SHULER ANDREW
Published: November 2017

The black coral fauna of Bermudan waters is poorly known, in large part due to the logistical challenges of surveying deep-water (>50 m) environments where most species occur. In 2016, the Nekton Expedition sought to survey the deep-water biodiversity around Bermuda using manned submersibles and mixed-gas technical SCUBA. A total of 28 black coral specimens were collected, and these were examined based on skeletal spine morphology, polyp morphology, colony branching pattern and in situ photographs. The specimens were assigned to seven species in three families and four genera, including (1) Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857, (2) Antipathes furcata Gray, 1857, (3) Stichopathes pourtalesi Brook, 1889, (4) Stichopathes sp., (5) Distichopathes filix (Pourtales, 1867), (6) Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857), and (7) Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Pourtales, 1867). Of these, three species (Stichopathes sp., S. pourtalesi, and D. filix), one genus (Distichopathes) and one family (Aphanipathidae) are reported from Bermudan waters for the first time, thereby increasing the known black coral diversity of Bermuda to twelve species, five genera and four families. The diagnostic characters of the taxa identified as part of this study are illustrated and described.
New species of Selasia Laporte, 1838 (Elateridae: Agrypninae: Drilini) from Nepal and Pakistan
Authors: KUNDRATA ROBIN
Published: November 2017

The neotenic click-beetle genus Selasia Laporte, 1838 is distributed mainly in the tropical Africa, and only a few species are known from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. Herein, I describe and figure two new Palaearctic species: Selasia nigrobrunnea sp. nov. from the western Nepal, and Selasia sabatinellii sp. nov. from Pakistan. Both species are compared with their Palaearctic congeners, and an updated identification key to Selasia species from the Palaearctic region is provided.
A new species of Laccobius Erichson and additional faunistic records of the genus from China, with a key to subgenus Glyptolaccobius Gentili (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Authors: ZHANG RUIJUAN , JIA FENGLONG
Published: November 2017

A new species of water scavenger beetle, Laccobius (Glyptolaccobius) yinziweii sp. nov. is described from Yunnan, China. Diagnostic characters are illustrated. Laccobius (Cyclolaccobius) nitidus Gentili, 1984 is reported from Guizhou, Laccobius (Microlaccobius) hammondi Gentili, 1984 from Hubei, and Laccobius (s. str.) inopinus Gentili, 1980 from Guizhou for the first time. Additionally, an identification key to Laccobius (Glyptolaccobius) of the world is updated.
Scolionema sanshin sp. n., a new species (Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae, Olindiidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan
Authors: TOSHINO SHO
Published: November 2017

A new species of hydrozoan jellyfish belonging to the order Limnomedusae is reported from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Southern Japan. The species belongs to the genus Scolionema, which prior to this study includes just a single valid species, S. suvaense. This name, however, has several junior synonyms and considerable diversity has been reported for different populations from Mediterranean, Indian ocean and Pacific ocean localities, including Central Japan. The species described in this paper, Scolionema sanshin sp. n., can be differentiated from all other described populations of Scolionema based on shape of gonad, number of tentacles of its medusa stage, and/or genetic sequences. A discussion of the diversity presently united under the name S. suvaense suggests that additional work is necessary to clarify the true number of Scolionema species.
Updated information on genus Gomphidictinus (Odonata: Gomphidae) in China with description of Gomphidictinus tongi sp. nov.
Authors: ZHANG HAO-MIAO , GUAN ZHAO-YING , WANG WEN-ZHI
Published: November 2017

A new gomphid species, named as Gomphidictinus tongi sp. nov. (Holotype male, Mt. Diaoluoshan, altitude 930m a.s.l., Lingshui County, Hainan Province, China) is described here. It is regarded as the third species of Gomphidictinus based on the presence of the basal spine on median segment of the penis organ. Gomphidia interruptistria Zha, Zhang & Zheng, 2005 is regarded as a junior synonym of Gomphidictinus perakensis (Laidlaw, 1902), which is recorded from Yunnan, China.
Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Isohypsibiidae) a new tardigrade species discovered in an unusual habitat of urban areas of Mexico
Authors: PÉREZ-PECH WILBERT ANDRÉS , ANGUAS-ESCALANTE ABRIL , CUTZ-POOL LEOPOLDO QUERUBIN , GUIDETTI ROBERTO
Published: November 2017

A new species, Doryphoribius chetumalensis, is described from specimens collected in the city of Chetumal (Quintana Roo state, Mexico). The species was found in a new and unusual habitat for urban tardigrades, i.e. the soil sediment accumulated on the border of streets. This discovery shows that tardigrades can live in this habitat, demonstrating once again the wide capacity of this taxon to tolerate adverse habitats, and to survive in environments with high anthropogenic impact. Doryphoribius chetumalensis sp. nov. differs from all the other species of the genus in having enlarged and wide bulbous base of the claws. Within Doryphoribius, it belongs to the zappalai group, and differs from the species in this group, not only in the claw shape, but also by the orange body colour, the smooth cuticle, the absence of a tooth in the wall of the buccal ring, and the absence of lunules under the claws. This is the first record of tardigrades, identified to species level, in Quintana Roo state. A taxonomic key of the Doryphoribius genus is also presented.
Evaluation of Operational and Experimental Precipitation Algorithms and Microphysical Insights during IPHEx
Authors: Erlingis Jessica M. , Gourley Jonathan J. , Kirstetter Pierre-Emmanuel , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. , Kalogiros John , Anagnostou Marios N. , Petersen Walt
Published: November 2017

During May and June 2014, NOAA X-Pol (NOXP), the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s dual-polarized X-band mobile radar, was deployed to the Pigeon River basin in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina as part of the NASA Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment. Rain gauges and disdrometers were positioned within the basin to verify precipitation estimates from various radar and satellite precipitation algorithms. First, the performance of the Self-Consistent Optimal Parameterization–Microphysics Estimation (SCOP-ME) algorithm for NOXP was examined using ground instrumentation as validation and was found to perform similarly to or slightly outperform other precipitation algorithms over the course of the intensive observation period (IOP). Radar data were also used to examine ridge–valley differences in radar and microphysical parameters for a case of stratiform precipitation passing over the mountains. Inferred coalescence microphysical processes were found to dominate within the upslope region, while a combination of processes were present as the system propagated over the valley. This suggests that enhanced updrafts aided by orographic lift sustain convection over the upslope regions, leading to larger median drop diameters.
The KLIWAS North Sea Climatology. Part I: Processing of the Atmospheric Data
Authors: Sadikni Remon , Schade Nils H. , Andersson Axel , Jahnke-Bornemann Annika , Hinrichs Iris , Gates Lydia , Tinz Birger , Stammer Detlef
Published: November 2017

Climatological reference data serve as validation of regional climate models, as the boundary condition for the model runs, and as input for assimilation systems used by reanalyses. Within the framework of the interdisciplinary research program Climate Water Navigation (KLIWAS): Impacts of Climate Change on Waterways and Navigation of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, a new climatology of the North Sea and adjacent regions was developed in an joint effort by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, the German Weather Service [Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)], and the Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC) of the University of Hamburg. Long-term records of monthly and annual mean 2-m air temperature, dewpoint temperature, and sea level pressure data from 1950 to 2010 were calculated on a horizontal 1° × 1° grid. All products were based on quality-controlled data from DWD’s Marine Data Centre. Correction methods were implemented for each parameter to reduce the sampling error resulting from the sparse coverage of observations in certain regions. Comparisons between sampling error estimates based on ERA-40 and the climatology products show that the sampling error was reduced effectively. The climatologies are available for download on the ICDC’s website and will be updated regularly regarding new observations and additional parameters. An extension to the Baltic Sea is in progress.
Idealized Simulations of a Squall Line from the MC3E Field Campaign Applying Three Bin Microphysics Schemes: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Structure
Authors: Xue Lulin , Fan Jiwen , Lebo Zachary J. , Wu Wei , Morrison Hugh , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Chu Xia , Geresdi István , North Kirk , Stenz Ronald , Gao Yang , Lou Xiaofeng , Bansemer Aaron , Heymsfield Andrew J. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rasmussen Roy M.
Published: November 2017

The squall-line event on 20 May 2011, during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds (MC3E) field campaign has been simulated by three bin (spectral) microphysics schemes coupled into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Semi-idealized three-dimensional simulations driven by temperature and moisture profiles acquired by a radiosonde released in the preconvection environment at 1200 UTC in Morris, Oklahoma, show that each scheme produced a squall line with features broadly consistent with the observed storm characteristics. However, substantial differences in the details of the simulated dynamic and thermodynamic structure are evident. These differences are attributed to different algorithms and numerical representations of microphysical processes, assumptions of the hydrometeor processes and properties, especially ice particle mass, density, and terminal velocity relationships with size, and the resulting interactions between the microphysics, cold pool, and dynamics. This study shows that different bin microphysics schemes, designed to be conceptually more realistic and thus arguably more accurate than bulk microphysics schemes, still simulate a wide spread of microphysical, thermodynamic, and dynamic characteristics of a squall line, qualitatively similar to the spread of squall-line characteristics using various bulk schemes. Future work may focus on improving the representation of ice particle properties in bin schemes to reduce this uncertainty and using the similar assumptions for all schemes to isolate the impact of physics from numerics.
An Adjoint-Based Forecast Impact from Assimilating MISR Winds into the GEOS-5 Data Assimilation and Forecasting System
Authors: Mueller Kevin J. , Liu Junjie , McCarty Will , Gelaro Ron
Published: November 2017

This study examines the benefit of assimilating cloud motion vector (CMV) wind observations obtained from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) within a Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), configuration of the Goddard Earth Observing System-5 (GEOS-5) model data assimilation system (DAS). Available in near–real time (NRT) and with a record dating back to 1999, MISR CMVs boast pole-to-pole coverage and geometric height assignment that is complementary to the suite of atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) included in the MERRA-2 standard. Experiments spanning September–November of 2014 and March–May of 2015 estimated relative MISR CMV impact on the 24-h forecast error reduction with an adjoint-based forecast sensitivity method. MISR CMV were more consistently beneficial and provided twice as large a mean forecast benefit when larger uncertainties were assigned to the less accurate component of the CMV oriented along the MISR satellite ground track, as opposed to when equal uncertainties were assigned to the eastward and northward components as in previous studies. Assimilating only the cross-track component provided 60% of the benefit of both components. When optimally assimilated, MISR CMV proved broadly beneficial throughout the Earth, with the greatest benefit evident at high latitudes where there is a confluence of more frequent CMV coverage and gaps in coverage from other MERRA-2 wind observations. Globally, MISR represented 1.6% of the total forecast benefit, whereas regionally that percentage was as large as 3.7%.
Processing Intonationally Implicated Contrast versus Negation in American English
Authors: Dennison Heeyeon , Schafer Amy J.
Published: November 2017

Certain English intonational contours facilitate a conversational implicature that a relevant alternative to the stated proposition does not hold true. We evaluated how frequently and how quickly naïve participants achieved such pragmatically enriched meanings when their attention had not already been drawn to a set of alternatives. Sentences with L+H* L-H% intonational contours, along with broad focus affirmative and negative counterparts, were tested in a pair of experiments. Experiment 1 revealed that most interpretations of the L+H* L-H% sentences evidenced the expected implicature, but a substantial number did not. Experiment 2 mapped the activation levels across time for the asserted state and a contradictory/implicated alternative for the same three sentence types, using a picture-naming paradigm. The results revealed that lexical negation produced a contrast in activation levels between the two alternatives at an earlier time point than the L+H* L-H% contour, and that the relative activation of the two states shifted over time for L+H* L-H% sentences, such that an intonationally implicated alternative was highly activated at a time point when the activation for the asserted meaning had declined. These results further our understanding of the pragmatic processes involved in the interpretation of negation and intonation.
Intonation and Pragmatic Enrichment: How Intonation Constrains Ad Hoc Scalar Inferences
Authors: Tomlinson John M. , Gotzner Nicole , Bott Lewis
Published: November 2017

Pragmatic inferences require listeners to use alternatives to arrive at the speaker’s intended meaning. Previous research has shown that intonation interacts with alternatives but not how it does so. We present two mouse tracking experiments that test how pitch accents affect the processing of ad hoc scalar implicatures in English. The first shows that L+H* accents facilitate implicatures relative to H* accents. The second replicates this finding and demonstrates that the facilitation is caused by early derivation of the implicature in the L+H* condition. We attribute the effect to a link between L+H* and pragmatic considerations, such as speaker knowledge effects, or the saliency of alternatives relevant to the computation of implicatures. More generally our findings illustrate how intonation interacts at a cognitive level with pragmatic inference.
Using an Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System to Evaluate Reporting of Potential Rabies Exposures, Illinois, 2013-2015
Authors: Bemis Kelley , Frias Mabel , Patel Megan Toth , Christiansen Demian
Published: November 2017

Objectives:

Mandatory reporting of potential rabies exposures and initiation of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) allow local health authorities to monitor PEP administration for errors. Our objectives were to use an emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance system to (1) estimate reporting compliance for exposure to rabies in suburban Cook County, Illinois, and (2) initiate interventions to improve reporting and reassess compliance.

Methods:

We queried ED records from 45 acute care hospitals in Cook County and surrounding areas from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2015, for chief complaints or discharge diagnoses pertaining to rabies, PEP, or contact with a wild mammal (eg, bat, raccoon, skunk, fox, or coyote). We matched patients with ≥1 ED visit for potential rabies exposure to people with potential rabies exposure reported to the Cook County Department of Public Health. We considered nonmatches to have unreported exposures. We then initiated active surveillance in July 2015, disseminated education on reporting requirements in August and September 2015, and reassessed reporting completeness from July 2015 through February 2016.

Results:

Of 248 patients with rabies-related ED visits from January 2013 through June 2015, 63 (25.4%) were reported. After interventions were implemented to increase reporting compliance, 53 of 98 (54.1%) patients with rabies-related ED visits from July 2015 through February 2016 were reported. Patients with ED visits for potential rabies exposure were twice as likely to be reported postintervention than preintervention (risk ratio = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.8). The volume of potential rabies exposure cases reported to the health department from July 2015 through February 2016 increased by 252% versus the previous year.

Conclusions:

Potential rabies exposures and PEP initiation are underreported in suburban Cook County. ED syndromic surveillance records can be used to estimate reporting compliance and conduct active surveillance.
Enhanced Influenza Surveillance Using Telephone Triage and Electronic Syndromic Surveillance in the Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011-2015
Authors: Lucero-Obusan Cynthia , Winston Carla A. , Schirmer Patricia L. , Oda Gina , Holodniy Mark
Published: November 2017

Telephone triage (TT) is a method whereby medical professionals speak by telephone to patients to assess their symptoms or health concerns and offer advice. These services are often administered through an electronic TT system, which guides TT professionals during the encounter through the use of structured protocols and algorithms to help determine the severity of the patients’ health issue and refer them to appropriate care. TT is also an emerging data source for public health surveillance of infectious and noninfectious diseases, including influenza. We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients to compare the weekly number of US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) TT calls with other conventional influenza measures for the 2011-2012 through 2014-2015 influenza seasons, for which there were a total of 35 666 influenza-coded TT encounters. Influenza-coded calls were strongly correlated with weekly VA influenza-coded hospitalizations (0.85), emergency department visits (0.90), influenza-like illness outpatient visits (0.92), influenza tests performed (0.86), positive influenza tests (0.82), and influenza antiviral prescriptions (0.89). The correlation between VA-TT and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) national data for weekly influenza hospitalizations, influenza tests performed, and positive influenza tests was also strong. TT correlates well with VA health care use and CDC data and is a timely data source for monitoring influenza activity.
Reservation-An affirmative action of social justice?
Authors: Gill Manmohan S.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, efforts are made to understand the attitude of various caste-groups towards the reservation policy.
Civil society: Conceptual moorings and the Indian context
Authors: Bhakhry Savita
Published: November 2017

History bears testimony to the fact that the concept of civil society has come to mean different things to different people at different points of time. In fact, there is a great divergence of opinion on the subject among social scientists in the West as well as in India. This paper takes a look at the conceptual moorings of civil society in prominent ideas and interpretations put forward by classical thinkers of the Western countries. It also focuses on what civil society has meant in the Indian context in terms of concept, nature of activities undertaken, and above all, relationship with the State.
Impact of changing conditions and scenario on health and social life of elderly women of urban Punjab
Authors: Sandhu P. , Bakhshi R. , Dhillon M. K.
Published: November 2017

The paper reports on the impact of changing conditions and scenario on health and social life of elderly women as viewed by 120 elderly female respondents from 6 cities of urban Punjab, taking into account both positive and negative side of these changes on their health and social life. Results of the study revealed on balance, a positive impact according to the women surveyed. A positive impact of changing times on their health was evident from the views expressed by respondents and strongest feeling was that there is an increase in life expectancy due to immunization, life saving drugs and better medical facilities. There was positive impact on social life of elderly with changing times, as felt by interviewed elderly women and the leading factors suggested by respondents were better communication system and transportation facilities.
Religion and social psychology perspectives: A study of an old age group in the South Indian town of Tirupati
Authors: Akundy Anand
Published: November 2017

While examining the socio-psychological problems of the retirees, the paper not only specifies the problems but also shows the approaches of the retirees to those problems. The discussion centers round the problems of social isolation and loneliness, perception on special position given to the retirees as aged persons, lack of companionship due to demise of spouse / friend / child / grand-child, ambitions of the retirees in terms of children's’ welfare, religious interest, physical and mental well being, creative and intellectual activities, economic matters, perception on urbanisation, type of the family, relations with kith and kin, generation gap, and management of the family.
Participation of marginalised sections in Gram Sabha: Rhetoric and reality
Authors: Chandra K- Suman , Annamalai V.
Published: November 2017

The devolution process of democracy to people in the real sense should mean that the ‘Panchayat’ functions as the executive body to give concrete shape to the wishes and aspirations of the village community as represented by the Gram Sabha. The objective of the Panchayati Raj, thus, is to establish a participatory democracy so that at the village level, the Gram Sabha, consisting of all adult residents of the village, should not only deliberate, but also participate in the Gram Panchayat in planning and implementing various programmes for economic development and social justice. On the basis of the experiences derived from the functioning of the Panchayati Raj system over the years it was felt that it needs constitutional backing with main thrust on reservation to marginalized sections and participation of people through Gram Sabha and hence resulted in 73rd Amendment. But inspite of 73rd Amendment there are a number of social hurdles in terms of political space for everyone to participate equally.

A ripple has been created by the spirit of 73rd Constitutional Amendment in terms of reservation of seats and ensuring of regular conduct of Gram Sabha and attendance. This has created counter waves against existing dominant forces in rural areas. A new “social dynamism” is likely to surface if the people actively participate in Gram Sabhas. Reservations for weaker sections at the grass root level built into the system will operationalise only when there is a congenial atmosphere and cooperation among the people. Inspite of the limitations this will help the marginalized sections to move up the ladder in governing their own affairs in the rural areas. Keeping in view of the above facts few recommendations/ suggestions are made in this paper, which will help, in better ensuring of participation of weaker sections in gram sabha. The difficulties of implementation of the provisions of 73rd Amendment should not deter us from finding solutions to make sure that marginalised sections will have their due say in the process of direct democracy.
Land development in India and China: Imperatives for institutional change
Authors: Shah Amita
Published: November 2017

Development of land and water resources through FLCs (Farmland Capital Constructions) has played an important role in raising and sustaining farm productivity, right from the early phase of development in the People's Republic of China. The major driving force for promoting FLCs was utilisation of surplus labour, which formed a major source of capital formation in the rural economy. Compared to this, Soil Water Conservation (SWC) programmes in India had received little importance till the mid-eighties, when the Integrated Watershed Development Programmes (WDPs) were recognised as a critical policy intervention, especially for dry land regions. For long, the SWC programmes were undertaken mainly as relief work or employment generation activities, with little concern for improving farm productivity in a given time frame. While China's collective system, in the post reforms period, has undergone substantial changes, seeking more of private control and incentives to sustain the investment on land, private ownership of land and water resources in India has led to over exploitation, especially of ground water, leading to neglect of some of the important measures for SWC. China is now trying to ‘decollectivise’ the use of land whereas India is striving for a participatory mechanism.