bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About the Problem of Exposure of Author’s Coding Methods in Works of V. M. Shukshin
Authors: Vasiliev V. K.
Published: August 2021

The unicity of Shukshin’s oeuvre is that from the middle of 1960s when he is consciously seeking for and invents coding tools of his creations. The author himself has pointed out some methods of «code» creation. He pays attention to the “change of emphasis”, “hints”, “nuances”, things which are said at a glance, cursorily, on parts of text which appear to be secondary. The actual problems, questions, node of the conflict and the conflict itself can be described by Shukshin in one creation, but the extension, comments, answers or the variant of the pay-off are described in another one, which is published many years after. That is why there are a lot of double characters, double episodes, story- lines, which stand in the inter decoding position. So everything that is about author’s code should be considered as the main thing as the author directed to us. The aim of such art strategy is to tell the truth about the time, to state the hate and revolt. This article is about the methods, which Shukshin used, while coding the novels “Director”, “Rhetorical device” and “Order”, and also about clearing up the point of this code.
Metacriticism in Yu. S. Stepanov’s Language Philosophy
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University Moscow, Russian Federation, Radchenko O.A.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the metacritical component in the scientific heritage of Yu. S. Stepanov (1930–2012) and its significant presence in modern scientific research. Metacriticism is understood as a method of an analytical revision of established linguistic concepts, opinions, and assessments related to iconic personalities and their views. This method is included in the tools of narrative linguistic historiography, along with the study of the full linguistic heritage corpus created by specific authors in a strictly chronological order, identifying a broad scientific context, exploring the intellectual discourse of the era, a detailed acquaintance with the linguistic journals and collections of the period of interest, restoring the scientist’s library according to his / her writings, reconstructing his / her conceptual chronology, interviewing eyewitnesses of scientific events, students and opponents of key figures in the specific scientific school, etc. In this sense, metacriticism significantly expands its original boundaries as defined in the middle of the 19th century in the course of revising I. Kant’s critical ideas, and is represented in the works by Yu. S. Stepanov with his arguments about the accuracy of interpretations of classical concepts, terms and categories related to the philosophy of language in Russian and foreign scientific publications.
Signifier as Signified: Predictive Concept of Semiosis of the Phonetic Plan of Speech
Authors: Shpilnaya N. N.
Published: August 2021

The subject of the article is the prognostic concept of semiosis of the phonetic plan of speech. Interpretation of a signifier is considered as an act of its predictive recoding, the result of which is the phonetic appearance of the word perceived by the addressee. Based on the position that language and speech are two sides of speech activity, the relationship between which can be described by relations of predictive interpretation, the article formulates the idea of the presence of interpretative – predictive algorithms for encoding the signifier in the language. Reduction and assimilation are con-sidered as such algorithms. The interpretation of these processes in modern linguistics is reduced to the statement of positional changes in phonemes in the speech flow. The positional principle in this approach becomes a sound law. Howevr, the law is a statement of regularity, but not an explanation of why this happens. The paper substantiates that these processes are the result of a substantial interpretation inherent in language as a means of communication.
Our Own Personal Jesus, or Phenomenon of “Walks on Water” by I. Kormiltsev
Authors: Drobinin G. D.
Published: August 2021

The research is based on the analysis of the poem “Walks on water” by I. Kormiltsev and consideration of this text as a song of the group “Nautilus Pompilius”. The interpretation of the text is based on comparison of the plot with the text of the New Testament, on analysis of the opposition of the two heroes, on consideration of separate images of the poem within the poetics of the whole creativity of the poet. The anthropological concept of “meme” as a unit of cultural evolution was involved to analyze the reasons for the popularity of this composition. When people listen to the song, they don’t perceive the meaning of the original statement, but only memes are perceived.
Yorinda and Yoringel by Bodo Fürneisen: Type of the Hero and Trial in Screen-Presented Fairy Tale
Authors: Markov A. V. , Fedunina O. V.
Published: August 2021

The film Yorinda and Yoringel by Bodo Fürneisen, created on the basis of the recordings of a folktale by the Grimm brothers, shows an affinity for both a literary fairy tale and romance traditions, including a post-modern novel with a hero’s free choice of identity as the basis of the plot movement. To analyze the film, we relied on the methodology of psychoanalytic cinema science by Slavoj Žižek, supplementing it with the achievements of fundamental plotology from Freidenberg and Propp to the present day. At the same time, the nature of the film as a screen medium showed how the need for a more flexible plot development scheme, including compliance with changes in the character of the hero or his specific phenomenon on the screen, is not just one option for the development of actions, but a whole fan of the possibilities of such development.

It is proved that the screen medium, which requires to monitor not only the correspondence of the hero’s adventures to expectations, but also the unexpected phenomena of the hero, demanded to modify the plot, which acquired not only the features of a psychological and adventurous novel, but also a computer game. At the same time, Fürneisen’s experience requires adjusting the psychoanalysis of cinema, supplementing the study of the effect of reality with the opposite effect of thought. The cinema allows you to demonstrate how not only the hero’s intentions change, but also the content of thoughts that are relatively autonomous from intentions that belong to the hero’s existence. At the same time, the existence is realized unexpectedly, so that the magical item is modified into a McGuffin, and the hero himself can repeatedly pass the fabulous test, while such a repetition will not be a way to correlate imagination and reality, as in a book narrative, but a way to once again appreciate the wonderful character of the hero.

In the course of the study, it was possible to establish that the literary (Hans Christian Andersen), stage (Richard Wagner) and cinematic (Fürneisen) variations of the fairy tale plot do not simply subordinate it to some rules of the novel, in accordance with the prevailing tastes in society. Most of the changes are secondary to the change in the general concept of the hero, when the scenarios of existential choice are put in place of the test scenario and their uniqueness is defended. The structure of the on-screen memory and on-screen attention accelerates this design of the hero, although it does not completely determine it. Then the function of all the fabulous elements changes, moreover, the plot itself turns out to contain variability. In place of the usual separation between the world of sleep and the world of reality comes the existential test of both worlds. Thus, such processing of fairy tales is productive for the development of virtuality in art and for dialogue not only between different arts, but also art and various social practices related to information technology, from computer games to blogging.
Differential Object Marking in Tuvan language: dependence on the function and nature of the definition
Authors: Ondar Ch. G.
Published: August 2021

For the Tuvan language, factors influencing Differential Object Marking remain uncovered despite extensive studies on the topic. This is due to the numerous cases of forms of the primary and accusative cases of the direct object replacing each other without noticeably changing the meaning of the sentence. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate all the causes of variation and establish their interactions. The current study focuses on the dependence of the direct object labeling on the function and the nature of the definition in the Tuvan language. The paper highlights the interaction of semantic, syntactic, communicative, and pragmatic factors influencing the choice of labeling. The analysis revealed that the direct object with the definition as a whole does not require a case. Firstly, the semantics of definition occupies a decisive place, as in the case of indexical pronouns (as a means of expressing anaphoric and deictic meanings). Secondly, the communicative role of the defined object in the utterance is of significance. The definition acts as a link between the object defined and the previous reference to that object, indicating information about the object that is already familiar to the addressee. Thirdly, discursive factors are distinct and important, including the speaker’s intention to clarify the referent or generalize by different means the meaning of the referent in the discourse depending on his or her goal. Thus, the referential properties of definitions alone do not allow unambiguously predicting the labeling of the nominal group.
Deciphering etymologically unknown names of musical instruments of Siberia and Russian Far East
Authors: Shimomura Isao
Published: August 2021

This study presents etymological deciphering using ancient Japanese ways of reading ancient Chinese scripts of the names for the five types of stringed instruments, known as komuz, tatonpa, sugut, tambur, and tonkori. Based on the phonetic variants of the term komuz written in Roman and Russian alphabets and Chinese scripts, two hypothetical forms *qonbulrsukie and *qonbulrsir were reconstructed: qon ‘sheep’, bulr ‘tendon’, sukie ‘string’, sir ‘string’. As to the form tatonpa, the ancient form *siudonbule {siu ‘boar’ + don ‘gut’ + bule ‘tendon-fiber’} was revealed. The hypothetical form *siugudi {siu ‘boar’ + gudi ‘gut’} was reconstructed from the phonetic variants of the name sugut, written in Chinese scripts. The hypothetical form *donbule {don ‘gut’ + bule ‘tendon-fiber’} was reconstructed from the phonetic variants of the name tambur written in Chinese scripts. An Ainu word tonkori consists of Altaic root-forms don ‘gut’ and kur ‘string-instrument’, followed by an Ainu suffix {i} ‘that’. We have proved that, except for the Ainu suffix {i}, all the root forms linguistically belong to Altaic lan- guages. Not a few ethnographers dealt with the etymological analysis of instrument names encountered in Siberia and the Russian Far East, mainly taking into account the context of shamanism. It is known that shamans used the instruments as tools in healing rituals. However, contrary to our expectations, the reconstructed root forms of the names revealed practical aspects of daily life.
Fratura de fêmur em idosos no Piauí: um estudo retrospectivo de 2009 a 2019
Authors: Júnior Gideon Batista Viana , Ferreira Ivan Bruno da Silva , Silva Allan Dellon da , Câmara Álvaro Francisco Corrêa Lima , Mesquita Isanio Vasconcelos , Pinto Lucielma Salmito Soares , Martins Liline Maria Soares , Nogueira Luciana Tolstenko
Published: August 2021

Objetivos: Descrever a evolução temporal da taxa de incidência de fraturas de fêmur em idosos e caracterizar o perfil dessas internações hospitalares e dos óbitos no Estado do Piauí. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com abordagem quantitativa sobre os dados das internações hospitalares e óbitos em idosos com mais de 60 anos diagnosticados com fratura de fêmur, no Estado do Piauí, no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2019. A população de estudo refere-se às internações por fratura de fêmur contidas no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares - SIH/SUS. Resultados: O presente estudo evidenciou um total de 7023 internações por fratura de fêmur em idosos no Estado do Piauí. Desse total de internações, 2229 eram pessoas do sexo masculino e 4794 do sexo feminino, sendo que o maior número de internações ocorreu na faixa etária de 80 anos ou mais, totalizando 3389. No tocante ao número de óbitos, o Estado totalizou 281 mortes nessa população. Conclusão: Verificou-se números cada vez maiores de episódios de fratura de fêmur em idosos no Piauí.
Aspectos moleculares e citotóxicos do paracetamol: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Farias Manoel Thomáz de , Cavalcanti Carlos Humbertto Marques , Albuquerque José Rodrigo Alves , Filho Álvaro Sérgio Soares Falcão , Araújo Paola Xavier , Melo Alanna Barbosa Mendonça , Jesus Robson de
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos moleculares relacionados ao paracetamol e o mecanismo hepatotóxico desencadeado por doses elevadas. Revisão bibliográfica: A pesquisa realizada incluiu a absorção e a fase I da biotransformação do paracetamol, que resulta na formação do metabólito tóxico N-​acetil-p-benzoquinonaimina (NAPQI). A sobredose de paracetamol expõe o usuário à intoxicação aguda. Nesses casos de intoxicação, ocorre a depleção da glutationa, uma substância que participa do metabolismo do paracetamol convertendo o NAPQI em ácido mercaptúrico para posterior eliminação renal. Consequentemente, o metabólito tóxico acumula-se no organismo, provocando danos às mitocôndrias, deterioração de proteínas estruturais, podendo resultar na hepatotoxicidade. Nas situações de intoxicação, a substância N-acetilcisteína apresenta grande relevância clínica por contribuir para elevação da concentração da glutationa e redução da concentração da NAPQI acumulada. Considerações finais: Entende-se que o uso indiscriminado do paracetamol traz riscos consideráveis à saúde, incluindo desfechos fatais devido ao seu mecanismo hepatotóxico, sendo importante a instrução da população pelos profissionais de saúde acerca dessa problemática. Além disso, é fundamental reconhecer a importância do uso da N-acetilcisteína como antídoto em casos de intoxicação.
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: A multidisciplinary approach for early diagnosis
Authors: Kumari Neha , Rustagi Ashish , Khanna Geetika , Singh Dharmendra Kumar
Published: August 2021

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic disorder of bile acid metabolism which manifests in the form of variable neurological and non-neurological symptoms. Early recognition of the disease leads to a timely implementation of treatment and hence better prognosis. The early diagnosis of CTX depends on a multidisciplinary approach in which radiological imaging plays a pivotal role.
Amelioration of oestradiol valerate-induced endometrial hyperplasia in female rats by methanol fraction ofMangifera indicaLinn. through modulation of oestrogen receptor signalling pathway
Authors: Olowofolahan Adeola Oluwakemi , Tobih Shalom Essieoghene , Olorunsogo Olufunso Olabode
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

Mangifera indicais a medicinal plant that is folklorically used in the treatment of certain disorders connected with women reproductive organs, especially, uterine fibroids. This study investigated the effect of methanol fraction ofM. indica(MFMI) extract on oestradiol valerate (OV)-induced endometrial hyperplasia (EH).

Materials and Methods:

The animals were randomly divided into four groups of seven rats each. These include a control group, an MFMI-alone group, a model (OV-alone) group and MFMI treatment (OV+MFMI) group. The EH was induced by intraperitoneal injection of OV. The levels of oestrogen (E2), progesterone (PG) and total cholesterol (TC) were determined using ELISA technique. The uterine histological and immunohistochemical assessments of oestrogen receptor, β-catenin and Ki-67 were carried out. Fibroblast cell count/μm2using histomorphometry as well as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of MFMI was carried out.

Results:

Severe EH was induced on oestradiol valerate administration. The MFMI was able to improve the pathological features of the animal model. Furthermore, the levels of oestrogen, PG and TC were reduced by MFMI. The immune reactive expression of oestrogen receptor alpha, β-catenin and Ki-67 was downregulated by MFMI coadministration. The histomorphometric analysis of the fibroblast cell count/μm2showed increased cell count density in the OV-treated group which was significantly ameliorated by MFMI coadministration. The GC– MS analysis revealed the presence of some pharmacologically relevant phytochemicals.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that MFMI contains phytochemicals that can ameliorate OV-induced EH in female Wistar and the possible mechanism of action involves modulation of oestrogen signalling pathway.
Virtual classes conducted during COVID-19 pandemic – Medical students’ perspective
Authors: Karanth Monica , Basti Anahita R. Shenoy , Jayamala A. K.
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in shifting of medical education onto a virtual platform. This has provided us with an opportunity to assess and analyse the students perception of these virtual classes which otherwise did not form a significant part of the traditional medical education. The objective of the study was to assess medical students’ perception on virtual classes conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was administered to students studying in all phases of MBBS in our college using Google Forms. A response rate of 73% was achieved.

Results:

The response of the students when analysed showed limited perceived benefits of virtual classes, these included accessibility to recorded lectures and convenience of attending classes in the time of pandemic. Drawbacks include decreased levels of social interaction, internet connectivity issues and absence of practical’s/ clinicals to better correlate with theory topics. Low motivational levels to attend classes, decreased engagement in classes and decreased perceived knowledge gained were also significant limitations.

Conclusion:

Better internet connectivity along with accessibility to recorded classes and increased student-teacher interaction could enhance the learning experience of the students in the virtual platform.
Blood Cell Count and the Presence or Absence of Infection in Venous Ulcers Treated With Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: de Oliveira Beatriz , de Abreu Castro Joyce , Pires Bruna , de Assunção Ferreira Márcia , Pinto Jane , Teixeira Lenise
Published: August 2021

Introduction. In general, chronic wounds are colonized by bacteria; however, when microorganisms start to multiply at higher levels, wounds can become infected, causing prolongation of the inflammatory phase and retardation of collagen synthesis and epithelialization. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of infection in venous ulcers after 12 weeks of treatment with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and determine global white blood cell counts. Materials and Methods. This case series study involved a sequential sample of 17 patients with venous ulcers treated with PRP for 12 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test and χ² test. Results. At baseline, 10 patients (58.8%) had wound infection. During the sixth week of treatment with PRP, only 3 patients (17.6%) continued to exhibit wound infection. After 12 weeks of PRP treatment, only 1 patient (5.9%) continued to exhibit wound infection. McNemar and χ² tests used to assess the presence of infection in the intervention group produced a P value of .0039 for a comparison of baseline and week 6 and a P value of .0078 for a comparison of baseline and week 12. These results demonstrated significant differences from baseline at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment, with greater significance at 12 weeks. There was no relationship between global white blood cell count and the presence of infection. Conclusion. After intervention with PRP, 94% of patients experienced improvement concerning the infection of ulcers.
A Data Analysis of D-Dimer & Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Test for Covid Patient
Authors:   Microbiologist, Serum Analysis Centre Pvt. Ltd, Howrah, West Bengal, India, B Batabyal , P Roy ,   Department of Microbiology, Serum Analysis Centre Pvt. Ltd, Howrah, West Bengal, India, A Das ,   Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, West Bengal, India
Published: August 2021

Various biomarkers, especially inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, fibrinogen, D-dimer and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) are associated with Covid-19 progression. Thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin has shown beneficial results in preventing coagulopathy a reducing risk of mortality due to thrombotic events. The COVID-19 patients highlighting the role of D-dimer, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). During plasma coagulation soluble fibrin is generated by the influence of thrombin on fibrinogen. The soluble fibrin is crosslinked to the vessel walls by factor XIIIa. When splitting this cross linked fibrin, characteristic products called D-dimers are released. Increased D-dimer concentrations are found in thrombotic diseases and microthrombotic events (e.g. in case of disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC). D-dimer determination is mainly used to exclude deep vein thrombosis of the leg and pulmonary embolism. D-Dimer levels rise during pregnancy and high levels are associated with complications. D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product that is often used to measure and assess clot formation. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, elevated D-dimer levels have been associated with disease severity and mortality trends. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation. IL-6 is also secreted by macrophages in response to specific microbial molecules, referred to as Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), which trigger the innate immune response and initiate inflammatory cytokine production. IL-6 is one of the most important mediators of fever and of the acute phase response. IL-6 is also called a “myokine”, a cytokine produced from muscle that increases in response to muscle contraction. Additionally, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. The detection and control of pro-inflammatory response is crucial in the early stages of viral infection. COVID-19 is an emerging viral disease of global concern and optimal treatment has yet to be determined. Unknown response of treatment of COVID-19 is important during patient monitoring. IL-6 is one of the key cytokines after activated macrophages. Here we will present a laboratory data analysis of COVID-19 patients in different age group highlighting the role of positivity D-dimer and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Combined Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Patient with Severe Post-Radiation Damage
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, O Yagel , R Eliaz ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, D Planer ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, A Lipey ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, E Rudis ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, H Nassar ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, D Leibowitz ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Y Elitzur ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, R Alcalai ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, G Elbaz-Greener ,   Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Published: August 2021

Chest radiotherapy is a common treatment for mediastinal malignancy. The long-term effect of radiation can harm several of cardiovascular structures including pericardium, myocardium, valvular system, conduction system, and coronary arteries. Cardiovascular disease is the most common non-malignancy cause of death in radiation-treated patient, most often occurs many years after treatment. Valvular heart disease secondary to mediastinal radiation mainly affect the aortic and mitral valves. We present a unique case of 58 years old women with history of past mediastinal radiotherapy who presented with few episodes of true syncope, complete AV block, severe aortic stenosis and significant ostial left main and ostial right coronary artery disease.
A Comparison between Independently Living Elderly Individuals and Residents in 25 German Nursing Homes Following the Group-Living Principle
Authors:   School of Health Sciences & Management, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University, Stuttgart, Germany, A Simon
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyses the subjective Quality of Life (QoL) perceived by older people in German nursing homes following the group-living principle. Methods: The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), a health-related QoL measuring instrument, was employed in 25 nursing homes (n=404 participants). A comparison with a national German representative subsample of independently living elderly individuals (age group over 75) was conducted. Psychometric properties and appropriateness were analyzed. Results: Our findings indicate an acceptable perception of residents’ QoL. The mean NHP scale scores show that except for the NHP subscale physical ability, the perceived QoL of residents in group-living nursing homes reached nearly the same level as that of independently living elderly individuals (national German reference values, age group over 75 years). QoL-related results on life satisfaction and feeling of happiness confirm the NHP findings. The protocol from a preliminary pilot study could be replicated according to good scientific practice. Conclusions and Implications: The report presents the first major investigation in the field of subjective quality of life in group-living nursing homes. The study focused on people over 75 years of age with age-specific reduced physical and mental abilities. The NHP should also be considered a reliable, valid and appropriate instrument for older people. Due to the lack of research on residents’ perspectives, further studies should establish age-specific and care setting specific reference data for nursing home residents. In particular, more research is needed to answer the question of which care setting best meets people’s essential needs in older age.
Molecular Investigation of Iranian Patients Suspected to Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors:   Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, Z Shahab-Movahed , A Majd ,   Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, ES Torbati ,   Department of Genetic, Faculty of Science, North Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, S Zeinali ,   Department of Medical Molecular, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Hereditary spherocytosis is a heterogeneous disorder with mild to moderate anemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inherited spherocytosis gene mutations in patients with RBC cytoplasmic disorders in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: In this study, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed for patients suspected to hereditary spherocytosis and their relatives. Results: Sequence analysis of the probands and their parents identified variations in ANK1 gene (NM_001142446.1:c.127-2A>G), SPTB (c. 14delC, p.Thr5LysfsTer41), SPTA1 (c.466C>T), SLC4A1 (c.2494C>T) and SLC25A38 gene (c.683G>T, NP_060345.2:p.Gly228Val that could be related to the patients clinical manifestation. Conclusion: Findings are in line with the appropriate diagnostic yield of WES in determining the causative variant especially in those disorders that many genes are involved like anemia. This is the first report of a cohort of Iranian patients with anemia suspected to that were investigated using WES technology. Further studies are needed to investigate the distribution of gene mutations in patients with RBC membrane disorders in Iran
Evaluating CRISPR-based prime editing for cancer modeling and CFTR repair in organoids
Authors: Geurts Maarten H , de Poel Eyleen , Pleguezuelos-Manzano Cayetano , Oka Rurika , Carrillo Léo , Andersson-Rolf Amanda , Boretto Matteo , Brunsveld Jesse E , van Boxtel Ruben , Beekman Jeffrey M , Clevers Hans
Published: August 2021

Prime editing is a recently reported genome editing tool using a nickase-cas9 fused to a reverse transcriptase that directly synthesizes the desired edit at the target site. Here, we explore the use of prime editing in human organoids. Common TP53 mutations can be correctly modeled in human adult stem cell–derived colonic organoids with efficiencies up to 25% and up to 97% in hepatocyte organoids. Next, we functionally repaired the cystic fibrosis CFTR-F508del mutation and compared prime editing to CRISPR/Cas9–mediated homology-directed repair and adenine base editing on the CFTR-R785* mutation. Whole-genome sequencing of prime editing–repaired organoids revealed no detectable off-target effects. Despite encountering varying editing efficiencies and undesired mutations at the target site, these results underline the broad applicability of prime editing for modeling oncogenic mutations and showcase the potential clinical application of this technique, pending further optimization.
Growing Birrul Walidainii Character in SMK Muhammadiyah Kramats as An Effort to Overcome Youth Distinctions
Authors: Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan , Syaifuddin Mohammad , Mubtadi Novendi Arkham
Published: August 2021

The character building activity of “birrul walidainii” in students of SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat as an effort to overcome juvenile delinquency today is very much needed by society and teenagers today. Community service was carried out at SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat, Jl. Garuda No. 09, Kemantran, Kramat District, Tegal Regency, Central Java. The activity was carried out on Saturday, February 20, 2021. The target of this community service is Muhammadiyah Kramat Vocational High School Students, totaling 90 students. This community service partner is SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat. This community service activity method is carried out using the method of awareness / increasing understanding of the character “birrul walidainii” in SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat students as an effort to overcome juvenile delinquency. The implementation of a community service program which consists of several activities, namely awareness / increasing the importance of respect and obedience to parents, education on the urgency of the role of parents, and awareness / increasing the importance of respect and obedience to teachers. The factors that most play a role in causing delinquency in SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat students are family factors and environmental factors. Through awareness / increasing understanding of the character “birrul walidainii” in SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat students as an effort to overcome juvenile delinquency, parents and teachers of SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat have an important role in educating students of SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat. One way is to keep their children busy with general education and religious education, with the hope of fortifying students of SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat to avoid the influence of juvenile delinquency and so that parents, teachers, and students of SMK Muhammadiyah Kramat are able to establish two-way communication where Parents can immediately understand their role in educating children and children as well as students understand the meaning of “birrul walidaini”.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA PADA MATERI SPLTV KELAS X MIPA
Authors: Asih Sari , Nirawati Resy , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada materi SPLTV. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian Quasi Eksperimen dan desain penelitian Posttest-Only Control Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X yang terdiri dari 4 kelas dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 125 orang. Sampel diambil menggunakan purposive sampling dan terpilih kelas XMIPA 2 yang berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X MIPA 4 yang berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen tes kemampuan komunikasi  matematis, lembar observasi aktivitas belajar siswa dan angket kemandirian belajar siswa. Tes layak digunakan karena telah melalui pengujian validitas, reliabilitas sebesar r11 = 0,57 , daya pembeda dan indeks kesukaran. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kemampuan komunikasi matematis setelah diberikan model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining dengan diperoleh t hitung t tabel(5,69 1,671). Aktivitas belajar siswa setelah diberikan model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining memperoleh hasil rata-rata persentase seluruh pertemuan sebesar 81,25% termasuk dalam kriteria. Hasil rata – rata kemandirian belajar siswa dengan model pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining sebesar 44,73 dengan kategori baik.
Resolución de problemas en el aprendizaje y enseñanza de las matemáticas
Authors: Barrera Mora Fernando , Reyes Rodríguez Aarón , Campos Nava Marcos , Rodríguez Álvarez Cutberto
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se caracteriza una perspectiva de la resolución de problemas como aproximación didáctica. Particularmente se identifican aquellos aspectos de una comunidad de aprendizaje que favorecen el desarrollo de un aprendizaje con entendimiento, a partir de las contribuciones de diversos matemáticos y educadores matemáticos, entre los que se encuentran George Polya, Paul Halmos, Jaques Hadamard, Alan Schoenfeld, James Hiebert y Richard Lesh.
Maqueta interactiva I4.0 como medio para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del uso de sistemas ciber-físicos para la Industria 4.0
Authors: Cuaya-Simbro German , Martínez-Rodríguez Jacobo , Covarrubias-Cruz Uri Yael , Zaragoza-Ramírez Jaime Alberto , Ruiz Hernandez Elías , Gutierrez Fragoso Karina
Published: August 2021

La Industria 4.0 está cambiando la producción global, y esto demanda que los futuros profesionistas conozcan y dominen las tecnologías habilitadoras de ésta. Es por ello que las universidades necesitan generar los mecanismos de enseñanza-aprendizaje para que los estudiantes adquieran habilidades que demandarán los nuevos puestos de trabajo y que les permitan ser competitivos. Los sistemas ciber-físicos son los grandes protagonistas de la Industria 4.0, éstos conjuntan muchas tecnologías, y cuentan con una infraestructura física que funciona al combinarse con una parte digital. En este trabajo se muestra el desarrollo de un sistema ciber-físico como medio de enseñanza-aprendizaje para propiciar que los estudiantes generen las capacidades requeridas por la Industria 4.0. La maqueta I4.0, mejora el proceso de ubicación e identificación de lugares en una institución, pero, por otra parte, permite al estudiante experimentar con tecnologías como computación en la nube, internet de las cosas y recorridos virtuales, de una manera práctica, modificando o agregando nueva funcionalidad a la maqueta. Finalmente, se describen un conjunto de prácticas, como una propuesta a utilizarse en el proceso de enseñanza por parte de los docentes, las cuales pueden permitir a los estudiantes asimilar los conceptos y tecnologías de Industria 4.0, a través del desarrollo de las mismas.
Guía de observación para la exploración de las inteligencias múltiples en los niños de cinco a seis años de edad
Authors: Alfonso-Amaro Yennis , Carreño-Ortega Damarys , Massani-Enríquez Jorge Félix
Published: August 2021

Este informe presenta los resultados obtenidos a partir del estudio del protocolo Terré y Serrani para la evaluación de las potencialidades de las inteligencias múltiples en el neurodesarrollo infantil. Parte del resultado de investigación del proyecto “Estimulación del neurodesarrollo en los niños de la Primera infancia” específicamente en la línea: Aplicación del método Neuropoint que se lleva a cabo en la Universidad de Cienfuegos. Sobre la base de ello se sugieren indicadores que se contextualizan en la educación de los niños de cinco a seis años en Cuba. Se ofrece a su vez con cada indicador un instructivo con los estándares y explicaciones necesarias para su aplicación por parte de los educadores en ejercicio.
Educación a distancia: de la prehistoria a las pandemias modernas, una revisión breve y un caso de estudio
Authors: Arellano-Calderón Fernando , Cano-Rosas José Luis , González-Baldovinos Diana L. , Mendiola-Medellín Maria E.
Published: August 2021

A lo largo del tiempo, desde la prehistoria hasta la actual posmodernidad incluyendo la pandemia vigente, el ser humano tiene necesidad de expresar y transmitir ideas, interrogantes, pensamientos, hallazgos, sentimientos, emociones, experiencias y vivencias, y comunicarlas en su entorno. Esto es necesario para la progresión del origen de la educación y del ingenio humano para crear, inventar e innovar todo tipo de recursos para resolver problemas, dilemas y retos que han permitido generar nuevos conocimientos y avanzar en la ciencia y la tecnología de la cultura universal; esto generó la necesidad de educar y no solo de manera presencial, sino también educar a distancia. Esto motivó el desarrollo del presente trabajo, que tiene el propósito de conformar una síntesis sobre los inicios de la educación a distancia y su evolución tecnológica, abordando diferentes formas de modalidad no escolarizada y su impacto en el aprendizaje de los alumnos de todos los niveles educativos y particularmente durante el escenario provocado por el COVID-19.
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION OF SANDING HORIZONTAL WELLS USING A DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING (DAS) SAND MONITORING SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY FROM THE ACG FIELD IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   BP, Hasanov Zahid , Allahverdiyev Parviz ,   BP, Ibrahimov Fuad ,   BP, Mendoza Alberto ,   LYTT Limited, Thiruvenkatanathan Pradyumna ,   LYTT Limited, Noble Lilia ,   LYTT Limited, Stapley Jonathan ,   LYTT Limited
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses results from the first successful de­ ployment of a predictive modelling technology that in­ forms pressure optimization procedures to help minimize sand production and increase hydrocarbon production ef­ ficiency in sand prone oil wells. The technique takes variabilities in sand production ob­ served through time across the reservoir section, inferred from downhole sand entry logs, alongside real-time sand transportation logs that monitor sand deposition in pipe as key inputs (both of which computed using a fiber op­ tic Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS) based Downhole sand monitoring system). This data is then combined with other time series sensor inputs, like choke position, Down Hole Pressure (DHP) and surface flowline acous­tic measurement (sand detector) to predict drawdown pressure envelopes to improve production efficiency. This paper details observations and initial field results from the first deployment of the capability in a highly deviated sand prone oil well completed with an open hole gravel pack (OHGP) completion in the BP-operated Azeri- Chirag- Gunashli (ACG) field located in the Azer­ baijan sector of the Caspian Sea. The paper will detail observations and procedures used to increase oil produc­tion by over 25% and eliminate sanding risks using the technology. The proposed workflow is part of a compre­hensive suite of downhole sand surveillance and manage­ment tools fueled by streaming analytics capabilities run on DAS data that have played a key role in managing sand production challenges in the ACG field. The technology has been applied numerous times for base protection, drawdown optimization and targeted re­ mediation. In this instance, we discuss the use of the technology to (1) identify and inform the source of sand detected at surface e.g., formation or completion accu-mulation, (2) identify formation intervals at risk of sand­ing, and (3) design advisory operational procedures for production optimization.
ADDRESSING RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY BY INTEGRATION OF GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROPHYSICAL LOGS IN CARBONATE PROSPECTS
Authors:   Geolog International, Hekimoglu Kemal C. , Casali Filippo ,   Geolog International, Bonetti Antonio ,   Geolog International
Published: August 2021

Formation evaluation challenges in highly fractured, stacked reservoirs with multiple source rocks and structural complexities that have complicated charging histories are common in the Middle East. Finding additional pay zones, understanding the contribution of individual oils to the overall production, or evaluating the compartmentalization within the reservoir by resolving the heterogeneity of the reservoir rocks are to name but a few. This work tries to understand the challenges posed by the subsurface complexities and attempts to find answers through physical evidence, using both onsite data acquired during drilling and data gathered through organic and inorganic laboratory measurements. Formation evaluation challenges are mostly attributed to formation heterogeneity, which we have aimed to address through the integration of petrophysical and geochemical data within this work. This project encompasses the integration of petrophysical and geochemical analyses of the reservoir rocks. Geochemical data have provided the ability to make maturity, richness, and other character interpretations and will be combined with important petrophysical properties of the carbonate intervals to predict reservoir heterogeneities. These interpretations could support perforation interval selection on subsequent wells in the field through the understanding of the mobility of the oils and, ultimately, production allocation. Best practices for thermally extracting hydrocarbons from drill cuttings, quality-controlling advanced mud gas data, and interpretive processes together with the entire workflow followed will also be elaborated. The analysis has the objectives of establishing results to support completion decisions through understanding reservoir quality, reservoir fluid communication, and compartmentalization specific to the basin studied. The petrophysical reservoir properties such as hydrocarbons in place, mobility of the oils, porosity, permeability, fracture intensity, geomechanical properties (brittle vs. ductile), and production allocation will be tied in to geochemical analyses to this extent. The focal point of the work is ascertaining and characterizing both the reservoir properties using a number of integrated analytical techniques on DST oil samples of 12 offset wells and rock cuttings, as well as petrophysical logs and advanced mud gas data. The concepts, tools, and methods that have been demonstrated for evaluating crude oils, natural gases, and petrophysical characteristics of the rocks are applicable to many problems in petroleum production and field development as well as exploration efforts.
WELLBORE IMAGES DIGITAL FUSION: BEYOND SINGLE-SENSOR PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS
Authors:   Schlumberger, Di Santo Simone , Bize-Forest Nadege ,   Schlumberger, Le Nir Isabelle ,   Schlumberger, Maeso Carlos ,   Retired
Published: August 2021

In the modern oilfield, borehole images can be considered as the minimally representative element of any well-planned geological model/interpretation. In the same borehole it is common to acquire multiple images using different physics and/or resolutions. The challenge for any petro-technical expert is to extract detailed information from several images simultaneously without losing the petrophysical information of the formation. This work shows an innovative approach to combine several borehole images into one new multi-dimensional fused and high-resolution image that allows, at a glance, a petrophysical and geological qualitative interpretation while maintaining quantitative measurement properties. The new image is created by applying color mathematics and advanced image fusion techniques: At the first stage low resolution LWD nuclear images are merged into one multichannel or multiphysics image that integrates all petrophysical measurement’s information of each single input image. A specific transfer function was developed, it normalizes the input measurements into color intensity that, combined into an RGB (red-green-blue) color space, is visualized as a full-color image. The strong and bilateral connection between measurements and colors enables processing that can be used to produce ad-hoc secondary images. In a second stage the multiphysics image resolution is increased by applying a specific type of image fusion: Pansharpening. The goal is to inject details and texture present in a high-resolution image into the low resolution multiphysics image without compromising the petrophysical measurements. The pansharpening algorithm was especially developed for the borehole images application and compared with other established sharpening methods. The resulting high-resolution multiphysics image integrates all input measurements in the form of RGB colors and the texture from the high-resolution image. The image fusion workflow has been tested using LWD GR, density, photo-electric factor images and a high-resolution resistivity image. Image fusion is an innovative method that extends beyond physical constraints of single sensors: the result is a unique image dataset that contains simultaneously geological and petrophysical information at the highest resolution. This work will also give examples of applications of the new fused image.
NANOTAGS FOR IMPROVED CUTTING DEPTH CORRELATION
Authors:   Aramco Research Center, Poitzsch Martin E. , Zhu S. Sherry ,   Aramco Research Center, Antoniv Marta ,   Aramco Research Center, Aljabri Nouf M. ,   Saudi Aramco, EXPEC ARC, Marsala Alberto F. ,   Saudi Aramco, EXPEC ARC
Published: August 2021

During a drilling operation, rock cuttings are often sampled off a shale shaker for lithology and petrophysical characterization. These analyses play an important role in describing the subsurface; and it is important that the depth origin of the cuttings be accurately determined. Traditionally, mud-loggers determine the depth origin of the sampled cuttings by calculating the lag time required for the cuttings to travel from the bit to the surface. These calculations, however, can contain inaccuracies in the depth correlation due to the shuffling and settling of cuttings as they travel with drilling fluid to the surface, due to unplanned conditions like drilling an overgauge hole, and due to other unforeseen drilling events, especially critical in horizontal sections. We therefore aimed to remedy these inaccuracies by developing a series of styrene-based nanoparticles that tagged the cuttings as they were generated at the drillbit. These “NanoTags” were tested while drilling in Q4, 2019; and the results indicated that the NanoTags did in fact have the potential to identify some systematic errors compared with traditional mud logging calculations.