bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La relecture collaborative comme levier de réécriture et de soutien aux corrections des textes
Authors: Colognesi Stéphane , Deschepper Catherine
Published: January 2019

La visée de cette contribution est de présenter une analyse des effets de la « relecture collaborative », identifiée comme un temps où les élèves, en sous-groupes, sont amenés à discuter et commenter les productions écrites des élèves d’un autre sous-groupe. Plus précisément, l’étude cherche à montrer ce que font les élèves, tant des conseils qu’ils reçoivent, que de ce dont ils discutent avec leurs pairs dans les réécritures suivants le temps de feedback. Pour répondre à cette question, l’analyse des données recueillies dans une classe d’élèves de 11-12 ans, qui ont écrit une critique de bande dessinée, permet de suivre spécifiquement le cas d’un sous-groupe. L’article passe en revue les cadres théoriques (évaluation formative, évaluation par les pairs des productions écrites), la méthodologie et les principaux résultats où sont montrés, d’une part, les traces que laissent un groupe d’élèves et, d’autres part, l’impact engendré dans la version suivante du destinataire du feedback, mais aussi les effets dans les réécritures des évaluateurs.
Du lire dans l’écrire : ce que les enseignants repèrent et évaluent dans les écrits des élèves
Authors: Similowski Kathy
Published: January 2019

À l’école, les conceptions qu’ont les enseignants de la relation entre lecture et écriture influent sur les dispositifs didactiques mis en œuvre et l’évaluation. Pour mettre au jour la manière dont ils repèrent et interprètent les relations entre textes produits et ressources du scripteur, il a été demandé à vingt-et-un enseignants d’annoter deux versions d’un récit écrit par un élève de CM2 – la seconde version ayant été rédigée avec l’aide de textes littéraires. L’analyse des données s’est intéressée à la façon dont les enseignants décèlent et évaluent les changements opérés entre les deux versions et repèrent les matériaux récupérés par le scripteur à partir des textes mis à sa disposition, puis définissent ces matériaux et caractérisent le type de transformation subi. La cartographie des critères retenus par les enseignants pour comparer les versions entre elles, et avec le corpus, montre des divergences sur l’effet des emprunts opérés par le scripteur, mais aussi des focalisations convergentes portant sur la structuration de la narration, sur la manière dont le lexique contribue à la création d’un univers fictionnel, sur la vraisemblance et la cohérence. Les enseignants sont conduits à émettre des commentaires et des hypothèses sur le déjà-là culturel de l’élève et sa capacité à emprunter aux textes littéraires. Cette étude montre encore les représentations des enseignants amenés à évaluer la place attribuée à l’invention et à l’influence intertextuelle, lorsque se dessine une tentation du littéraire chez le scripteur apprenant.
Viv®e l’orthographe pour accompagner les élèves vers la révision orthographique autonome des textes personnels
Authors: Wyns Marielle
Published: January 2019

Cette contribution s’interroge sur les moyens didactiques susceptibles de favoriser, chez les élèves, la révision orthographique autonome de textes personnels. Elle présente l’instrument didactique Viv®e l’orthographe ! , fruit d’une recherche collaborative, visant à développer la conscience métalinguistique, la métacognition et des stratégies de relecture efficaces. L’analyse des vidéos de deux activités fondées sur la négociation graphique (la « phrase de la semaine » et « l’atelier de relecture dirigé ») permet de mettre en lumière les gestes professionnels spécifiques mis en œuvre par les enseignantes pour créer un climat propice au partage de stratégies (gestes d’atmosphère), étayer l’identification des erreurs et le développement du métalangage (gestes d’étayage), ritualiser les démarches de révision et autonomiser ainsi progressivement les élèves dans leur mise en œuvre (gestes de tissage).
Outils numériques et didactique de l’écriture : travailler les textes sans fin ?
Authors: Delbrassine Daniel
Published: January 2019

Dans le prolongement d’une étude consacrée à une expérience d’écriture au traitement de texte en lycée technique, le présent article présente les pistes offertes par certains outils numériques pour inscrire l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’écriture dans une nouvelle dynamique, celle du temps long. À travers plusieurs activités expérimentées en classe, il montre comment la combinaison entre traitement de texte et outils de projection permet de rencontrer concrètement plusieurs des attentes formulées depuis longtemps par les didacticiens de l’écriture. On voit ainsi que, tant au stade de l’écriture proprement dite que lors du retour réflexif sur les textes produits, ces outils numériques offrent aux enseignants et à leurs élèves la perspective de sortir d’une centration sur le produit fini et de mettre l’accent sur le processus d’écriture en lui-même.
Santé au travail et fait religieux
Authors: Froment Myriam , Garcia Frédéric , Ferret-Bosch Célye
Published: January 2019

La laïcité est inscrite dans la Constitution et régit nos conduites publiques et sociales. Il en est tout autre de convictions intimes intriquées à la dimension psychique, dans une société où règne la téléréalité édifiée en déité. Cette dimension convoque l’expression de notre spiritualité parfois offerte sur l’autel de la scène publique. En rendant visible l’invisible, les nouveaux comportements mettent à mal les règles, les institutions, les dispositifs, les professionnels au service des citoyens, désagrègent le vivre ensemble. L’intégration du fait religieux dans l’accompagnement clinique en santé au travail dans la fonction publique questionne les collusions ou antagonismes et la préemption entre les valeurs issues du service public, du métier et du fait religieux.
La part des représentations religieuses dans l’espace clinique
Authors: Bennabi-Bensekhar Malika
Published: January 2019

La fonction première des religions est une spiritualité qui permet à l’homme de penser le monde et de se penser dans l’univers. En prétendant indiquer la voie du « salut », certaines prédications sont à même de poser une exigence d’exclusivité ou d’être idéologisées jusqu’à alimenter ou justifier la violence. L’omniprésence du fait religieux, dans un monde censé être conduit par la raison et la nécessité de promouvoir une clinique transculturelle respectueuse des singularités de chacun, impose une réflexion sur l’origine du fait religieux. La discussion de deux cas cliniques, dont l’un est lié à l’islam et l’autre à l’évangélisme, nous permettra d’expliquer en quoi il est utile de ne pas fermer l’espace clinique aux représentations religieuses s’il faut agir dans le sens d’un « retour à soi » pour pouvoir « aller vers l’autre » et s’il faut déconstruire les croyances qui restreignent l’intégration des sujets ou exposent à un risque de captation par une idéologie mortifère.
Le rapport à l’esprit : la posture de l’intervenant social. Approche anthropologique du contexte guyanais francophone
Authors: Cécile Christian
Published: January 2019

La Guyane française est un territoire amazonien dans lequel résident des populations encore fortement ancrées dans un lien au sacré. Les organisations sociales et familiales que l’on observe au sein des différentes communautés peuplant ce département ultramarin sont nourries par des cultes animistes et magico-religieux. On en observe notamment les expressions syncrétiques dans les cultures amérindiennes, busi konde sama (ou noires marronnes) et créoles. Dans une perspective anthropologique, le présent article cherche à comprendre comment le champ de l’intervention sociale compose avec cette religiosité. Dans le milieu professionnel, on observe une attitude ambivalente des acteurs. De par leur formation et leur appartenance à des institutions laïques, ils sont mus par un devoir d’objectivité, mais demeurent néanmoins fréquemment habités par les croyances propres à leur culture. Ainsi, des conflits intérieurs se font fréquemment jour : ce qui est énoncé comme étant de l’ordre de la superstition par le professionnel est appréhendé comme une réalité par la personne privée. Dans ce contexte, comment l’intervenant social se détache-t-il des attitudes ambivalentes et parvient-il à maintenir un regard distancié sans dévaloriser les mentalités des publics qu’il accompagne ? Leurs croyances sont-elles un frein ou, au contraire, un levier ? L’approche interculturelle est présentée ici comme une voie opportune, permettant à l’animateur social et socioculturel, en particulier, d’y puiser du sens quant à sa fonction de médiateur.
Un collectif bâtisseur d’espaces intermédiaires, pour réinvestir la citoyenneté
Authors: Guillaume Nathalie , Aoummis Hassan
Published: January 2019

La France a connu les attentats, des moments traumatisants. De cette expérience est né le collectif citoyen « Ne touche pas à ma République ». Ce mouvement est construit dans une approche psychosociologique en s’appuyant sur des services publics existants pour accompagner des citoyens à réinvestir l’espace public. Dans une situation de déliaison mortifère, le collectif invente des espaces psychiques de travail permettant d’échapper aux effets de déliaison mortifère. La démarche du collectif propose aux acteurs des institutions de repenser dans un temps spécifique leur intervention, sur un thème qui leur sert d’étayage et de prétexte à un changement de place. Aujourd’hui le collectif citoyen, avec le fait de retrouver les valeurs instituantes, permet de penser à un processus de réinstitutionnalisation et favorise la participation à la démocratie.
Spécificités des stratégies de défense de travailleurs pauvres au Brésil
Authors: Ganem Valérie
Published: January 2019

Ce texte présente trois enquêtes réalisées auprès de travailleurs pauvres au Brésil à partir des concepts et de la méthode de la psychodynamique du travail (pdt). Elles ont permis d’émettre l’hypothèse de l’existence d’un rapport subjectif au travail propre à la stratégie de défense de la lutte pour la survie. Celle-ci modifierait le rapport subjectif au travail en provoquant notamment un désengagement vis-à-vis de son contenu. Ce désengagement expliquerait le turnover massif observé au Brésil dans les milieux de travail pauvres et non qualifiés en particulier. Ces enquêtes ont également permis de poser une autre hypothèse quant aux causes de la perception particulièrement péjorative qu’ont les employeurs des employés pauvres et non qualifiés au Brésil.
Characteristics of Glucose Metabolism in the Visual Cortex of Amblyopes Using Positron-Emission Tomography and Statistical Parametric Mapping
Authors: Choi Mi Young , Lee Dong Soo , Hwang Jeong-Min , Choi Dong Gyu , Lee Kyoung-Min , Park Ki Ho , Yu Young Suk
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: The effects of amblyopia on the glucose metabolism in the visual cortex in the resting state are evaluated, the asymmetry of glucose metabolism in the ipsilateral and the contralateral occipital lobes was examined by comparing the number of hypometabolic pixels in both occipital lobes, and the correlation between this asymmetry and the results of the ophthalmologic tests was evaluated.

Methods: Eleven amblyopes (7 anisometropic and 4 strabismic) and 12 normal subjects were studied with their eyes open, but without any further visual stimulus using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping. Ophthalmologic tests including stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity function, monocular optokinetic nystagmus, and visual evoked potential (VEP) were measured.

Results: Compared to normal subjects, glucose metabolism decreased in Brodmann area (BA) 17, BAs 18/19, both inferior temporal lobes (BAs 37 and 20), and the superior parietal lobe (BA 7) in amblyopic patients, regardless of strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. The laterality index of the hypometabolic pixels in the occipital lobe closely correlated with the asymmetry in the latency time of VEP (r = 0.82, P <0.05).

Conclusion: These results suggest that PET imaging of glucose metabolism can provide a functional mapping of the visual cortex in human amblyopia.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:11-19.
Optic Neuritis in Asian Children
Authors: Hwang Jeong-Min , Lee Yong Jae , Kim Mee Kum
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose: To study the clinical spectrum of pediatric optic neuritis in Korean children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 23 patients with onset of the disease before the age of 1 6 years from 1 995 to 2000. The degree of initial visual loss, subsequent visual recovery, magnetic resonance images, and associated diseases was reviewed.

Results: There was no female predilection in the study group (43%) with a mean age of 8.9 years at presentation. Involvement was bilateral in 87% of patients. A preceding febrile illness within 2 weeks of visual symptoms was reported in 39% of patients. Of the 43 involved eyes of 23 patients, disc swelling was present in 51%, and centra l/cecocentra I scotoma in 58% of the involved eyes. With a mean follow-up of 14 months, 79% of the patients had final vision of 2*20/40. Twenty-four (96%) of 25 eyes with intravenous steroid treatment and 1 0 (56%) of 1 8 eyes without intravenous steroids showed final visual acuity 5=20/40. Only 1 patient (4%) with multifocal signal abnormalities around the periventricular white matter developed multiple sclerosis.

Conclusion: Korean children with optic neuritis showed bilateral involvement with papillitis. The visual prognosis was relatively good and especially better in the patients receiving intravenous steroid treatment than in those without any treatment; however, this study is not controlled. Although a longer follow-up period is required, the development of multiple sclerosis is rare in Korean children with optic neuritis.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002; 39:26-32.
Tendon Surgery in Browns Syndrome
Authors: Maggi R , Maggi C
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose: Longitudinal tenectomy of the reflected tendon of the superior oblique muscle resulted in full recovery in a series of cases of Brown's syndrome after surgery by one of the authors.

Methods: A survey of the records of cases of Brown's syndrome was done to assess the criteria for patients requiring surgery and to evaluate the methods used. Included in the study were 9 eyes of 7 patients who underwent surgery over the course of 1 year. Criteria identified in cases in this study include: preoperative compulsory head tilt in primary position of gaze, severe restriction of Hess chart in the affected eye, and an enlarged field in the healthy eye; intraoperative thickening of the tendon preventing free slippage through the trochlea in the forced duction test. The surgical method consisted of trimming a swelling that was consistently found on the reflected tendon of the superior oblique muscle in all patients undergoing surgery. Enough of the swelling was removed to allow free slippage of the tendon through the trochlea, as judged by the forced duction test. Sulphamide powder soaked in delayed action steroid compound (methy !prednisolone acetate) was applied to prevent postoperative adhesions.

Results: A normal head posture and a satisfactory upward vergence were achieved in all patients from the first days after surgery, and were maintained throughout the follow up, as shown in the pre- and postoperative photographs and Hess charts.

Conclusions: A preliminary exploration of the reflected tendon of the superior oblique muscle is warranted in cases of Brown's syndrome; when a thickening of the tendon is found, its surgical trimming is advised. Our findings suggest that delayed development of the trochlea may be a possible cause of Brown's syndrome.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:33-38.
Comparative Evaluation of Diclofenac and Dexamethasone Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Dadeya Subhash , Kamlesh
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To compare efficacy of topical diclofenac sodium 0.1 % with dexamethasone 0.1% following strabismus surgery.

Methods: In this study, 58 patients undergoing strabismus surgery were evaluated. They were randomized into two groups: 29 patients received topical 0.1% diclofenac (Croup A), and 29 patients received 0.1% dexamethasone (Group B) for 4 weeks. The baseline parameters were similar in both groups. At each visit comprehensive ocular examination was performed to record patient discomfort, conjunctival inflammation, gap, and intraocular pressure. Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, postoperatively.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of resolution of the inflammation, conjunctival healing, and intraocular pressure except rise of intraocular pressure at the fourth postoperative week in group B (P value <0.001).

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that diciofenac may be used as an alternative to dexamethasone after strabismus surgery.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:166-168.
Sutureless Vitreoretinal Surgery Using a New 25-Gauge Transconjunctival System
Authors: Yoon Young H , Kim Deok-Soo , Kim June-gone , Hwang Jong-uk
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of vitreoretinal surgery using a new 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one eyes of 41 consecutive patients were treated from July 2003 to October 2003. Diagnoses included diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (n = 19), diabetic tractional retinal detachment (n = 4), diabetic macular edema (n = 2), macular hole (n = 3), epiretinal membrane (n = 2), branch retinal vein occlusion (n = 3), central retinal vein occlusion (n = 1), vitreous opacity (n = 4), retinal detachment (n = 1), capsular block syndrome (n = 1), and submacular hemorrhage (n = 1). The procedure was combined with phacoemulsification in 14 eyes.

* RESULTS: All except 3 patients were operated on under retrobulbar anesthesia only. Four cases required the superior sclerotomy to be converted to a 20-gauge procedure. The mean operation time was 33 minutes and the mean balanced salt solution used was 59 cc. The mean visual acuity improved rapidly during 3 to 4 weeks following 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy from 20/275 to 20/125, and then to 20/100 during the subsequent 5 months. Transient hypotony occurred in only 1 eye. Neither wound leakage nor infection was identified.

* CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations in surgical indications, 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy appeared to increase the efficiency of vitrectomy and to facilitate postoperative visual recovery in various vitreoretinal diseases.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:12-19.]
Posterior Capsule Opacity and Choroidal Neovascularization in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Rumelt Shimon , Pollack Ayala
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To present a series of 3 patients with the dry form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in whom choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was observed following neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three consecutive patients aged 80 to 87 years (average = 83.7 years) with hard drusen or retinal pigment epithelial changes underwent uneventful cataract extraction between 6 months and 20 years before undergoing Nd:YAG capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacity. The patients were examined for retinal changes before laser treatment and at regular intervals after treatment.

* RESULTS: All patients developed CNV between 12 days and 1 month after capsulotomy that caused a decrease in the visual acuity from 20/20-20/40 to 20/200-counting fingers at 4 feet. The fellow eye did not show a substantial change in AMD over a year of follow-up. Two of the fellow eyes had disciform scar due to CNV before the cataract surgery, and these patients remained legally blind.

* CONCLUSIONS: The development of CNV after Nd:YAG capsulotomy suggests a temporal association between the two and calls for further study. Because posterior capsule opacity may mask CNV, patients with dry AMD and posterior capsule opacity who experience decreased visual acuity or glare may undergo indocyanine green angiography before it is decided to perform Nd:YAG capsulotomy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:20-24.]
Results of Trabeculectomy With Adjunctive Intraoperative Mitomycin C in Chinese Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Tham Clement C Y , Lai Jimmy S M , Poon Agnes S Y , Lai Timothy Y Y , Lam Dennis S C
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the results of trabeculectomy with adjunctive intraoperative mitomycin C in Chinese patients with glaucoma.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of Chinese patients who received trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin C from 1992 to 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. A "successful" trabeculectomy was defined as one after which the intraocular pressure (IOP) could be controlled to between 5 and 21 mm Hg, inclusive, with no more than 3 glaucoma medications.

* RESULTS: One hundred fourteen trabeculectomies in 105 eyes of 90 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age ± standard deviation was 48.1 ± 21.9 years. Primary open-angle glaucoma (43.0%) and angle-closure glaucoma (27.2%) were the most common diagnoses leading to trabeculectomy. The mean follow-up ± standard deviation was 29.6 ± 18.6 months (range, 6 to 92 months). The overall success rate at the last followup was 73.7% (84 of 114 trabeculectomies).

* CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C is a safe and effective procedure for the control of IOP in Chinese patients with glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:33-41.]
Effects of Inadequate Anterior Segment Compensation on Measurements With Scanning Laser Polarimetry
Authors: Reus Nicolaas J , van Koolwijk Leonieke M E , Lemij Hans G
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The effects of poor anterior segment compensation on scanning laser polarimetry measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were systematically explored. A prototype scanning laser polarimeter with an adjustable compensator to neutralize anterior segment birefringence was used. By systematically varying the magnitude and axis of anterior segment compensation in a healthy and a glaucomatous eye, marked changes were observed in RNFL appearance: the healthy eye could appear to have glaucomatous damage, whereas the glaucomatous eye could appear to have a thicker and healthier RNFL. Even small amounts of uncompensated corneal birefringence, which may occur in routine clinical use, resulted in apparent changes in RNFL morphology. Knowledge of this effect is important for clinicians when using scanning laser polarimetry in clinical practice. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:54-57.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Study of Optic Disc Melanocytoma
Authors: Chaudhary Rajat , Arora Ritu , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Singh Manisha
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Optic disc melanocytoma is a well-known clinical entity occurring as a deeply pigmented lesion on the optic nerve head. A 40-year-old man with a pigmented lesion overlying the left optic disc was evaluated with optical coherence tomography. The single high reflectance band from the anterior edge of the disc lesion with optical back shadowing behind on optical coherence tomography helped to pinpoint the diagnosis of the lesion as optic disc melanocytoma. Quantitative assessment of the mass with optical coherence tomography for its growth did not show any increase in size horizontally or vertically after 6 months. Optical coherence tomography is useful for obtaining the exact measurements of the mass lesion and may be used as a tool to follow the progress and growth pattern of the lesion. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:58-61.]
Resolution of Macular Scotoma After Radial Optic Neurotomy in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Chalam Kakarla V , Shah Vinay A
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Radial optic neurotomy was performed on a hypertensive 65-year-old man with decreased vision in the right eye secondary to ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Three months later, his visual acuity improved to 20/50. There was improvement in disc and macular edema, and reduction in retinal hemorrhages clinically and angiographically. Liquid crystal display microperimetry revealed improvement in fixation stability and macular sensitivity. Radial optic neurotomy appears to be an effective treatment alternative for selected patients with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, and results in rapid improvement in visual acuity, central fixation, and macular scotoma as measured by a liquid crystal display microperimeter. Liquid crystal display microperimetry is a good and reliable alternative to the scanning laser ophthalmoscope for macular perimetry. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:72-75.]
Persistent Choroidal Thickening Despite Photodynamic Therapy for Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma
Authors: Hussain Nazimul , Das Taraprasad , Ram L S Mohan , Sumasri Kallukuri
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 19-year-old man presented with blurred vision in the right eye, which was diagnosed as a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. The choroidal thickening on B-scan ultrasonography persisted after receiving repeat photodynamic therapy with verteporfin, although there was regression of the tumor. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:76-78.]
Laser Ablation of an Enlarging Small Melanocytic Choroidal Tumor: 16-Year Follow-up and Rationale for Treatment
Authors: Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L , Peairs Randall , Racciato Peter
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Results of laser photocoagulation of a growing pigmented choroidal lesion for which the differential diagnosis included enlarging nevus and small melanoma and the rationale for such treatment are described. A 37-year-old woman underwent ablative laser photocoagulation for a small juxtapapillary pigmented choroidal lesion that was documented photographically to enlarge in diameter from 300 to 1,750 microns after 8 years. Sixteen years after laser photocoagulation, the visual acuity remains 20/20 with no further growth or recurrence of the lesion. Local treatment may be justified for a small pigmented choroidal lesion that is documented to grow. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:79-81.]
Minimally Invasive Method for Repair of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Following Treatment for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Buerk Bruce M , Lai Wico W , Sharma Mithlesh C , Shapiro Michael J
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A minimally invasive method for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following treatment of retinoblastoma is described. Two children with retinoblastoma developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachments following treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and cryotherapy. Each eye underwent a non-drainage scleral buckling procedure without retinopexy of the retinal break. Postoperatively, the retinas reattached and retinopexy with indirect laser photocoagulation was performed during subsequent examinations under anesthesia. The retinas have remained attached with 2 to 5 years of follow-up. The tumor recurred in case 2, was treated with additional chemotherapy, and has undergone type 1 regression. Non-drainage scleral buckling without retinopexy is a useful technique for repairing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in eyes with retinoblastoma. The retinal break can be treated postoperatively with indirect laser photocoagulation to minimize the chance of viable tumor cell dissemination. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:82-85.]
Optical Coherence Tomography of Idiopathic Juxtafoveolar Telangiectasia
Authors: Albini Thomas A , Benz Matthew S , Coffee Robert E , Westfall Andrew C , Lakhanpal Rohit R , McPherson Alice R , Holz Eric R
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To document optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a series of eyes with group 2A idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of patient charts, OCT, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography involving 23 eyes (12 patients). Mean retinal thickness in 9 macular areas was calculated and compared to previously published measurements from normal eyes.

* RESULTS: OCT in 8 of 13 stage 3 eyes revealed foveal cysts without evidence of cystoid macular edema on fluorescein angiography or biomicroscopy, and 1 lamellar hole. In stage 3 eyes, mild retinal thickening was found in 7 of 9 macular areas (P < .05).

* CONCLUSIONS: OCT commonly reveals foveal cysts in stage 3 idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia. Consistent findings of associated mild macular thickening and lack of late petaloid hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography suggest that these cysts differ in pathophysiology from cystoid macular edema.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:120128.]
Expression of Four Growth Factors in Recessed Extraocular Muscles of Rabbits
Authors: Shin Sun Young , Paik Doo Jin
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine the temporal expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, basic fibroblast factor 2 (bFGF-2), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in recessed extraocular muscles.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen eyes of eight rabbits were subjected to conventional 4mm recession of superior rectus muscles. Two rabbits were untreated as control. The rabbits were killed and their eyes were enucleated at 3 (group 3), 6 (group 6), 24 (group 24), and 72 (group 72) hours after the operation (two rabbits per group), and the expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-β1 was immunohistochemically examined.

* RESULTS: The peak levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and TGF-β1 expression were observed in groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. However, bFGF-2 was less expressed than the other growth factors in all groups.

* CONCLUSIONS: IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-β1 in regenerating muscle cells were expressed by different kinetics, suggesting a distinct role of each growth factor during wound healing after recession of extraocular muscles.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:129-137.]
Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography of Canthaxanthine Retinal Crystals
Authors: Chan Annie , Ko Tony H , Duker Jay S
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A case of crystalline retinopathy caused by prolonged ingestion of an oral tanning agent containing canthaxanthine is described. Color fundus photography and ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography were performed. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:138-139.]
Application of Transpupillary Thermotherapy in a Patient With Asteroid Hyalosis and Premacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Lin Jack Yu-Shih , Lin Shun-Ling , Tseng Shih-Yu , Lee Hsin-Jui , Chen Yin-Shan
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A 70-year-old woman with long-term poor vision was found to have unilateral massive premacular hemorrhage and asteroid hyalosis. Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) was applied sequentially to the vitreous in four separate spots, covering the area of the asteroid hyalosis and hemorrhage. Outcome measures included visual acuity, biomicroscopic appearance, ultrasonography, and fluorescein angiography. Significant resolution of the hemorrhage was observed 3 months after TTT, with visual acuity improvement from counting fingers at 25 cm to 20/60. There were no complications noted during the procedure or during follow-up. The long-term safety measures and visual prognosis following TTT for resolution of the vitreous impurities remain to be evaluated, but the procedure may be effective for treating premacular hemorrhage and asteroid hyalosis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:140-143.]
Intravitreal Bevacizumab in a Patient With Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Kahook Malik Y , Schuman Joel S , Noecker Robert J
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The utility of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in a patient with neovascular glaucoma following central retinal vein occlusion is explored. Bevacizumab (1 mg in 0.04 mL) was used after failed intraocular pressure (IOP) control with transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and panretinal photocoagulation. IOP improved within 2 days and the patient experienced marked improvement in comfort. Bevacizumab may be an effective medication for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:144-146.]
Peribulbar Oncocytoma: High-Frequency Ultrasound With Histopathologic Correlation
Authors: Kurli Madhavi , Finger Paul T , Garcia Julian P S , Schneider Susan
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The clinical, ultrasonographic, and histopathologic characteristics of an oncocytoma of the conjunctiva are described. A 49-year-old woman presented with a red-orange lesion adjacent to the caruncle in her left eye. A clinical examination including high-frequency ultrasound was performed prior to excisional biopsy of her tumor. High-frequency ultrasound demonstrated an epibulbar tumor with low internal reflectivity and a cystic component. There was no involvement of the underlying sclera. Multiple hypoechoic components of the tumor stroma were correlated to multiple cystic glandular structures on histopathologic evaluation. The excised tumor was diagnosed to be an oncocytoma. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:154-156.]
Removal of Benzyl Alcohol From a Commercially Available Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspension for Intravitreal Use
Authors: Hernaez-Ortega Maria C , Soto-Pedre Enrique
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Purification of commercially available formulations of triamcinolone acetonide is important to avoid potential toxic effects of the vehicle for intravitreal use. In 2004, a simple and rapid method to remove most of the vehicle with a centrifuge was reported. The aim of this article is to study the degree to which benzyl alcohol can be eliminated with this method. By means of a gas chromatographic procedure, it has been proven that centrifugation is suitable for removing most benzyl alcohol (ie, up to 95.5% at 10,000 rpm, 5 minutes), and it is better at modifying the concentration of the drug than other proposed methods (ie, décantation, filtering methods, or both). [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:162-1 64.]
Development of a Highly Detailed Virtual Model Eye
Authors: Reeves Graham M B , Lambert Stephen , Wells Anthony P
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Using a three-dimensional modeling computer program, the authors created a three-dimensional, highly detailed computer-generated model of a normal eye to enhance the teaching of basic ophthalmic anatomy. The resulting model is a uniquely detailed virtual eye that can illustrate ocular anatomy clearly but realistically at many levels of magnification. Eye anatomy can be demonstrated from any viewpoint, with a choice of which structures are visible. The generation of video animations is also possible. The potential of this model for illustration of ocular disease will be the objective of further testing with medical students. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:165-168.]
A New High-Power Biconcave Contact Lens for Observation and Coagulation of the Posterior Segment
Authors: Rol Pascal
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A wide-angle, high-power negative contact lens was designed for observation and coagulation of the retina and choroid. The new contact lens has a lateral magnification of 0.44 and a field of view of 64°. Due to the prismatic of its biconcave structure, the field of view may be shifted by tilting the lens, induced eye movements beyond the equator of the retina, or both. Because only a negative refractive surface is required, optical aberrations are significantly reduced. Safety during laser irradiation tasks is increased compared with the use of positive wide-angle contact lenses because the irradiance of the crystalline lens is significantly reduced. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:169-174.]
Plant Classification Using Weighted k-NN Variants
Authors: Britto Larissa F. S. , Pacifico Luciano D. S.
Published: January 2019

A identifição automática de espécies de plantas é um grande desafio na taxonomia botânica. Vários trabalhos têm sido propostos visando o desenvolvimento de sistemas automáticos de reconhecimento de plantas através da aprendizagem de máquina. Um dos algoritmos mais populares na classificação de plantas é o dos k-Vizinhos mais Próximos (k-NN), dada sua simplicidade e robustez. Neste trabalho, a performance de duas variações ponderadas do k-NN é avaliada no cenário de classificação de plantas. A avaliação experimental inclui três bases de dados reais obtidas por diferentes técnicas de processamento de imagens e extração de características. Uma avaliação geral é executada através do uso de testes estatísticos.
Automatic Generation of a Type-2 Fuzzy System for Time Series Forecast based on Genetic Programming
Authors: Ferreira Marco Antônio da Cunha , Tanscheit Ricardo , Vellasco Marley
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho descreve um Sistema Fuzzy do tipo 2 desenvolvido automaticamente com o auxílio da Programação Genética para aplicação em previsão de séries temporais. O modelo resultante, denominado GPFIS-Forecast+, é baseado no GPFIS-Forecast desenvolvido anteriormente, que fez uso da Programação Genética Multigênica com bons resultados. Os resultados demonstram que, conforme o esperado, o sistema com conjuntos fuzzy do tipo 2 melhora o desempenho, principalmente na presença de dados ruidosos.
Eye Localization Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Gradients
Authors: De Araujo Werton P. , De Araujo Thelmo P. , De Campos Gustavo A. L.
Published: January 2019

Eye detection is a preprocessing step in many methods using facial images. Some algorithms to detect eyes are based on the characteristics of the gradient flow in the iris-sclera boundary. These algorithms are usually applied to the whole face and a posterior heuristic is used to remove false positives. In this paper, we reverse that approach by using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to solve a regression problem and give a coarse estimate of the eye regions, and only then do we apply the gradient-based algorithms. The CNN was combined with two gradient-based algorithms and the results were evaluated regarding their accuracy and processing time, showing the applicability of both methods for eye localization.
Polarity Classification of Traffic Related Tweets
Authors: Xavier Clarissa Castellã
Published: January 2019

In this paper we present a study about polarity classification of tweets in the traffic domain. Specifically, we use the data in Portuguese language from an account maintained by a traffic management agency. We evaluate the performance of three learning methods: SVM (Support Vector Machine), Naive Bayes and Maximum Entropy. We also explore how the use of balanced vs. unbalanced corpus affects the models behavior. The results show that, in this context, a ML classifier obtains better results than the reported in the literature. In our experiments, SVM trained with a balanced corpus outperforms all tested models, achieving 99% of Accuracy, Average Recall and Average Precision.
Batch Reinforcement Learning of Feasible Trajectories in a Ship Maneuvering Simulator
Authors: Amendola José , Tannuri Eduardo A. , Cozman Fabio G. , Reali Anna H.
Published: January 2019

Ship control in port channels is a challenging problem that has resisted automated solutions. In this paper we focus on reinforcement learning of control signals so as to steer ships in their maneuvers. The learning process uses fitted Q iteration together with a Ship Maneuvering Simulator. Domain knowledge is used to develop a compact state-space model; we show how this model and the learning process lead to ship maneuvering under difficult conditions.
Analysis of the Risk Sensitive Value Iteration Algorithm
Authors: Borges Igor Oliveira , Delgado Karina Valdivia , Freire Valdinei
Published: January 2019

This paper shows an empirical study of Value Iteration Risk Sensitive algorithm proposed by Mihatsch and Neuneier (2002). This approach makes use of a risk factor that allows dealing with different types of risk attitude (prone, neutral or averse) by using a discount factor. We show experiments with the domain of Crossing the River in two different scenarios and we analyze the influence of discount factor and risk factor under two aspects: optimal policy and processing time to convergence. We observed that: (i) the processing cost in extreme risk policies is high with both risk-averse and risk-prone attitude; (ii) a high discount increases time to convergence and reinforces the chosen risk attitude; and (iii) policies with intermediate risk factor values have a low computational cost and show a certain sensitivity to risk based on the discount factor.
Influence of Location and Number of Landmarks on the Monte Carlo Localization Problem
Authors: Ferreira Júnior Henrique José dos S. , Figueiredo Daniel Ratton
Published: January 2019

An important problem in robotics is to determine and maintain the position of a robot that moves through a previously known environment with reference points that are indistinguishable, which is made difficult due to the inherent noise in robot movement and identification of reference pints. Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) is a frequently used technique to solve this problem and its performance intuitively depends on reference points. In this paper we evaluate the performance of MCL as a function of the number of reference points and their positioning in the environment. In particular, we show that performance is not monotonic in the number of reference points and that a random positioning of the reference points is close to optimal.
Performance Evaluation of Feature Selection Algorithms Applied to Online Learning in Concept Drift Environments
Authors: De Moraes Matheus B. , Gradvohl André L. S.
Published: January 2019

Data streams are transmitted at high speeds with huge volume and may contain critical information need processing in real-time. Hence, to reduce computational cost and time, the system may apply a feature selection algorithm. However, this is not a trivial task due to the concept drift. In this work, we show that two feature selection algorithms, Information Gain and Online Feature Selection, present lower performance when compared to classification tasks without feature selection. Both algorithms presented more relevant results in one distinct scenario each, showing final accuracies up to 14% higher. The experiments using both real and artificial datasets present a potential for using these methods due to their better adaptability in some concept drift situations.
Analysis of the Threshold Variation of the FlexCon-C Algorithm for Semi-supervised Learning
Authors: Gorgônio Arthur C. , Alves Cainan T. , Lucena Amarildo J. F. , Gorgônio Flavius L. , Vale Karliane M. O. , Canuto Anne M. P.
Published: January 2019

Semi-supervised learning algorithms are able to train classifiers from a small portion of initially labeled objects. The reliability of the classification process depends on several factors that include the type of classifier used and a set of parameters that customize them. One of the most important factors is a threshold that determines which instances are included per iteration, allowing to label only instances with high confidence values. This article analyzes different values for the variation factor of the FlexCon-C algorithm and measures the impact of this change on its accuracy. The results consider thirty different databases, four classifiers and five different percentages of pre-labeled data.
NELL’s subcategories from a question answering environment
Authors: Souza Wesley W. O. , Brognara Diorge , Leite João A. , Hruschka Jr. Estevam R.
Published: January 2019

With advances in machine learning, natural language processing, processing speed, and amount of data storage, conversational agents are being used in applications that were not possible to perform within a few years. NELL, a machine learning agent who learns to read the web, today has a considerably large ontology and while it can be used for multiple fact queries, it is also possible to expand it further and specialize its knowledge. One of the first steps to succeed is to refine existing knowledge in NELL’s knowledge base so that future communication between it and humans is as natural as possible. This work describes the results of an experiment where we investigate which machine learning algorithm performs best in the task of classifying candidate words to subcategories in the NELL knowledge base.
On the Use of Synopsis-based Features for Film Genre Classification
Authors: Portolese Giuseppe , Feltrin Valéria Delisandra
Published: January 2019

Technological advancements and the interest of companies that operate in digital environments have made the categorization of mediatic products increasingly popular. This is often a multi-label scenario, where an item may be labeled with many categories. Most of the literature approach film genre classification as a mono-label task, usually relying on audio-visual features. In this paper we explore the use of text-based features extracted from film synopses for multi-label film genre classification. We experimented with 19 feature extraction approaches combined with 4 multi-label classifiers. Our experimental results show f1-scores of up to 54.8%, which are significantly higher than other similar studies presented in the literature.
Luppar: An Information Retrieval System for Closed Document Collections
Authors: Da Silva Fabiano Tavares , Maia José Everardo Bessa
Published: January 2019

This article presents Luppar, an Information Retrieval tool for closed collections of documents which uses a local distributional semantic model associated to each corpus. The system performs automatic query expansion using a combination of distributional semantic model and local context analysis and supports relevancy feedback. The performance of the system was evaluated in databases of different domains and presented results equal to or higher than those published in the literature.
Skill ranking of researchers via hypergraph
Authors: Kong Xiangjie , Liu Lei , Yu Shuo , Yang Andong , Bai Xiaomei , Xu Bo
Published: January 2019

Researchers use various skills in their work, such as writing, data analyzing and experiments design. These research skills have greatly influenced quality of their research outputs, as well as their scientific impact. Although there are many indicators having been proposed to quantify the impact of researchers, studies of evaluating their scientific research skills are very rare. In this paper, we analyze the factors affecting researchers' skill ranking and propose a new model based on hypergraph theory to evaluate the scientific research skills. To validate our skill ranking model, we perform experiments on PLoS One dataset and compare the rank of researchers' skills with their papers citation counts and h-index. Finally, we analyze the patterns about how researchers' skill ranking increased over time. Our studies also show the change patterns of researchers between different skills.
Postcolonialism and the Soviet Union. Epp Annus, Soviet Postcolonial Studies: A View from the Western Borderlands (London and New York: Routledge, 2018)
Authors: Piirimäe Kaarel
Published: January 2019

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Postcolonial cosmology or postcolonial critique? A response to Kaarel Piirimäe
Authors: Annus Epp
Published: January 2019

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