bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental innovation and corporate sustainability: evidence-based systematic literature review
Authors: Araújo Risolene Alves de Macena , Kaczam Fabíola , Lopes Lucena Wenner Glaucio , Silva Wesley Vieira da , Veiga Claudimar Pereira da
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Sustainability at the corporate level is interpreted as the approach capable of creating prosperity over long-term horizons through targeted strategic integration, sustainable business system and societal transitions, beyond economic growth, along with environmental quality and social equity. In this context, this article aims to explore the interplay of the relationship between environmental innovation and corporate sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases for the last six decades to explore the proposed relationship. Data were selected on August 2, 2020, and the analysis period lasted until July 20, 2021. A research protocol consistent with the methodological rigor required in conducting an SLR was prepared for the mapping and analysis of relevant research.

Findings

In the last five years, there has been an evolution in research related to green innovation in supply chain management. Based on this evolution, there is a growing concern with the development of sustainable business models, taking into account the motivation to adopt green innovation practices aimed at corporate image. The purpose lies in verifying the organizational capabilities in achieving corporate sustainability practices and economic performance. The results show a greater concentration of studies exploring (1) sustainable business models, (2) the complexity of the sustainability tripod balance, in addition to (3) organizational strategies based on green and competitive practices.

Originality/value

Few works explored the context of small and medium-sized companies, especially those located in emerging and underdeveloped countries. This opens up a promising field of research. The main contributions of this article are related to (1) the presentation of a portfolio of theoretical and methodological approaches on the subject, which allows the exploration of the possibilities of empirical studies; and (2) showing the current status of research on environmental innovation and its impact on corporate sustainability. This article explores the interplay of the relationship between environmental innovation and corporate sustainability and brings state-of-the-art research about the theme.
Price or quality? Consumers' preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for online food delivery services in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Singh Satender Pal , Dash Bishnu Prasad , Sachan Amit , Adhikari Arnab
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumer preference for the attributes of online food delivery (OFD) services in India. It also shows how the order size influences the consumer's willingness to pay (WTP) for the attributes of OFD services.

Design/methodology/approach

This work incorporates a conjoint analysis-based approach to determine the consumer preference for the attributes of OFDs such as price, delivery time, restaurant rating and packing quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The fractional factorial design is applied for the data collection. The relative importance of the attributes and the part-worth utility of the attributes' levels have been determined. Further, the utility associated with the attributes' levels is used to find the consumer's WTP for different attributes.

Findings

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer preference from price to food and packing quality in India. When the order is small, consumers exhibit a higher preference to the delivery time than packing quality. In contrast, consumers show a higher preference to packing quality than delivery time with the increase in order size. The consumer's WTP attains the highest level in case of food quality, followed by convenience and packing quality. The WTP for the attributes rises with the increase in order size.

Practical implications

The insights highlight the need for the online food delivery industry to redesign the business framework in the post-pandemic era. The hygiene and safety measures maintained by the consumers during the pandemic have significantly changed their purchasing behaviour, raising their preference for service quality (food and packing quality) of the OFD services apart from price.

Originality/value

This work determines the consumers' utility for each attribute level of OFDs, along with their relative importance. Moreover, this study contributes to the existing literature by exhibiting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumer preference and order size on consumer's WTP for the attributes.
Management strategies can buffer the effect of mass mortality in early life stages of fish
Authors: Buttay Lucie , Ohlberger Jan , Langangen Øystein
Published: August 2023

Mass mortality (MM) events affecting early life stages of fish can have strong and long‐term consequences for population abundance and demography as well as the economic activity supported by exploited stocks. Adaptive fishery management may help mitigate economic impacts and ensure sustainable resource use following a MM event.

Using a state‐space life cycle model, we simulated ‘what‐if’ scenarios of MM on Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs and larvae. We compared the expected catches, total stock biomass (TSB), and interannual variability in catches over a period of 10 years after the simulated disturbance. We further evaluated a range of management mitigation strategies, namely reductions in fishing mortality of varying duration (1–10 years) and intensity (no fishing reduction to full ban).

A large range of reductions in fishing led to an increase in expected catches over 10 years compared to no reductions, especially when applied immediately after the perturbation and when the cod population was characterized by a high mean age and high TSB. Severe fishing reductions can increase catches substantially but are associated with high interannual variability. Fishing reductions of moderate intensity applied between 1 and 4 years would allow to increase catches with only a slight increase in interannual variability.

Our findings demonstrate the potential benefits of an adaptive approach to fisheries management and highlight that mitigation actions may ensure the sustainable exploitation of fish stocks in the wake of unexpected disturbances.

Synthesis and application. Mass mortality events during early life stages of fish can potentially have substantial and long‐term effects on the population. Mitigation is more efficient when the affected population has a diverse age structure and when the mitigation strategy is applied immediately after the perturbation. Severe reduction in fishing mortality is an efficient measure to increase the expected average catch but is associated with high interannual variability. Fishing reduction of moderate intensity applied during 1–4 years after the event also increases the expected average catch with only slightly higher interannual variability in catches.
Impact of natural resources, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in oil‐exporting countries: A panel autoregressive distributed lag analysis
Authors: Ghazouani Tarek , Maktouf Samir
Published: August 2023

This study explores the impact of natural resource exploitation, trade openness, and economic growth on carbon emissions in a sample of oil‐exporting nations for the period 1971–2014. To examine this relationship, we used the panel autoregressive distributed lag model and a set of econometric techniques accounting for cross‐sectional dependence. Our results indicate that the exploitation of natural resources and trade openness have a long‐term negative impact on environmental quality. Furthermore, our analysis confirms the validity of the Kuznets Environmental Curve for oil‐exporting countries. An assessment of causality reveals a bidirectional link between natural resources, economic growth, and CO2 emissions, as well as a unidirectional link between trade openness and CO2 emissions. In the light of our findings, appropriate policies could include the imposition of more stringent regulations on the exploitation of natural resources, the application of taxes on carbon emissions, and the promotion of clean and renewable technologies. Greater international cooperation is also needed to address these environmental issues on a global scale.
Conceptualising the nexus between macro‐level ‘turbulence’ and the worker experience
Authors: Prouska Rea , Chatrakul Na Ayudhya Uracha , Beauregard Alexandra , Psychogios Alexandros , Nyfoudi Margarita
Published: August 2023

In this article, we introduce the special issue on conceptualising the nexus between macro‐level ‘turbulence’ and the worker experience. We discuss ‘turbulence’ as economic, political, social, technological, and environmental crises occurring in the macro‐environment and affecting the world of work. We argue that human resource management plays a critical role in supporting not only the organisation, but also workers, to navigate through macro‐level events. Based on the contributions included in this Special Issue, we suggest a novel framework that situates and expands the role of the Human Resources (HR) function in contemporary organisations by proposing a new role, the Proactive Carer. We argue that the debates around the role of HR and HR professionals have so far been too narrow and internally focused. It is time to expand this role to be externally facing, proactively monitoring the macro‐environment for significant events, anticipating any significant changes for workers, and designing interventions to minimise any negative impact. We conclude by highlighting avenues for future research.
Advances in surgical treatment for atlantoaxial instability focusing on rheumatoid arthritis: Analysis of a series of 67 patients
Authors: Lin Mao‐Shih , Huang Chih‐Wei , Tsou Hsi‐Kai , Tzeng Chung‐Yuh , Kao Ting‐Hsien , Lin Ruei‐Hong , Chen Tse‐Yu , Li Chi‐Ruei , Lee Cheng‐Ying
Published: August 2023

Aim

An estimated 88% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients experience various degrees of cervical spine involvement. The excessive movement of the atlantoaxial joint, which connects the occiput to the upper cervical spine, results in atlantoaxial instability (AAI). AAI stabilization is usually achieved by C1 lateral mass‐to‐C2 pedicle screw‐rod fixation (LC1–PC2 fixation), which is technically challenging in RA patients who often show destructive changes in anatomical structures. This study aimed to analyze the clinical results and operative experiences of C1–C2 surgery, with emphasis on the advancement of image‐guided surgery and augmented reality (AR) assisted navigation.

Methods

We presented our two decades of experience in the surgical management of AAI from April 2004 to November 2022.

Results

We have performed surgery on 67 patients with AAI, including 21 traumatic odontoid fractures, 20 degenerative osteoarthritis, 11 inflammatory diseases of RA, 5 congenital anomalies of the os odontoideum, 2 unknown etiologies, 2 movement disorders, 2 previous implant failures, 2 osteomyelitis, 1 ankylosing spondylitis, and 1 tumor. Beginning in 2007, we performed LC1–PC2 fixation under C‐arm fluoroscopy. As part of the progress in spinal surgery, since 2011 we used surgical navigation from presurgical planning to intraoperative navigation, using the preoperative computed tomography (CT) ‐based image‐guided BrainLab navigation system. In 2021, we began using intraoperative CT scan and microscope‐based AR navigation.

Conclusion

The technical complexities of C1–C2 surgery can be mitigated by CT‐based image‐guided surgery and microscope‐based AR navigation, to improve accuracy in screw placement and overall clinical outcomes, particularly in RA patients with AAI.
Fair and inclusive markets: Why dynamism matters
Authors: Cherif Reda , Hasanov Fuad , Aghion Philippe
Published: August 2023

We argue that the economies that achieved inclusive growth, or high sustained and broad‐based growth while keeping a lid on the increase in market income inequality, are characterised by dynamism—a drive towards the acquisition of new capabilities in sophisticated products and processes. What a country produces and how much it competes domestically and internationally are important for achieving fair and inclusive markets. We show empirical evidence that dynamism, as measured by export sophistication, reduces market income inequality and poverty while increasing a broad concept of welfare. We explore policy options to steer industrial and market structures towards raising dynamism, thus providing growth opportunities for both workers and firms.
Decoding the star system: Twitter and its impact on journalism in the global South
Authors: Khan Aasim , Fatimah Midhat , Dureja Kabir , Jumle Vedant
Published: August 2023

Changes brought about by the digitalisation of journalism in the global South have implications for the role that the press plays in politics and governance, particularly in terms of giving a voice to those on the margins. This paper presents original evidence from India to consider how Twitter is reshaping the hierarchies within journalism and how it contributes to a ‘star system’ in Indian media institutions whereby national journalists as well as celebrities have gained more influence over journalists working in the regional press. Drawing on public profiles of over 50 journalists, while anonymizing individual identities, we computationally map their follower‐following networks on Twitter and analyse the resulting structures to show how they intensify the historical divide between the Delhi‐based legacy institutions and the vernacular language media. Besides using network graphs, we develop topic models of the biographies of journalists from different social cohorts and find a divergence in the way celebrity‐seeking journalists use Twitter more effectively than those working in the regional press, with the latter not able to match the strategic use of the network for personal branding by the former cohort. We conclude that this divergence can also be contributing towards a star system like structure of journalism online with readership and influence flowing to those at the centre. We conclude with recommendations for editors, journalists as well as technology developers on how to avoid such outcomes.
Alcohol use in multiracial American youth compared with monoracial youth: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dobani Fatima , Zaso Michelle , Desalu Jessica M. , Park Aesoon
Published: August 2023

Background and aims

Although multiracial people comprise the fastest growing population in the United States, multiracial youth are nearly invisible in alcohol research. This meta‐analysis synthesized the youth alcohol literature to estimate the magnitude of difference in alcohol use as a function of multiracial status.

Design and Measurements

Empirical studies reporting multiracial and monoracial comparisons in youth (aged 10–24 years) alcohol use were identified through a systematic literature search. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted using 85 effect sizes extracted from 16 studies assessing life‐time, past‐year, past‐month and binge alcohol use.

Setting and Participants

A total of n=1 555 635 youth were assessed in the United States.

Findings

Multiracial youth are suggested to be more likely to endorse life‐time alcohol use than Asian youth [number of studies (k) = 3; odds ratio (OR) = 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 3.24; p = 0.04], with significant between‐study heterogeneity (Q = 8.42; p < 0.001; I2 = 76%) in effect size comparisons. Multiracial youth are suggested to be more likely to endorse past‐month alcohol use than Black (k = 6; OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.38, 1.71; p < 0.001) and Asian (k = 4; OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.52, 2.88; p < 0.001) youth, but less likely than White (k = 6; OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.84, 0.91; p < 0.001) youth, with significant between‐study heterogeneity for Black youth (Q = 11.94; p = 0.03; I2 = 58%) in effect size comparisons. Lastly, multiracial youth are suggested to be more likely to endorse binge alcohol use than Black (k = 4; OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.62, 2.44; p < 0.001) and Asian (k = 4; OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.28, 3.48; p < 0.001) youth, but less likely than White (k = 5; OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.70, 0.81; p < 0.001) and American Indian/Alaska Native (k = 3; OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.85; p < 0.001) youth, with significant between‐study heterogeneity among Black (Q = 23.99; p < 0.001; I2 = 87%) and Asian (Q = 17.76; p < 0.001; I2 = 83%) youth in effect size comparisons.

Conclusions

In the United States, multiracial youth report distinct alcohol use patterns compared with monoracial youth and may be at elevated alcohol use risk compared with Black and Asian youth.
Floral strips adjacent to Manitoba crop fields attract beneficial insects shortly after establishment regardless of management type or landscape context
Authors: Killewald Michael F. , Costamagna A. C. , Lawley Y. , Gulden R. H. , Gibbs J.
Published: August 2023

Insects provide valuable ecosystem services to agriculture, but their populations are often lower in these areas.

We established floral strips on the edges of eight organic and seven conventional crop fields in southern Manitoba. We then compared the capture rates of ground beetles, syrphid flies and bees in floral strips; control (unmodified) field edges; nearby semi‐natural sites; and within the strip and control fields at six distances away from field borders (5–150 m). The effects of farm management and landscape context on insect abundance, diversity and associated species traits were investigated.

Capture rates of bees and beetles were significantly higher within the floral strips than the control treatment. However, capture rates of syrphids were significantly higher in the control. Beetles and bees responded positively to blooming forb cover and edge density (0.5 km), whereas syrphids responded positively to non‐rewarding agriculture and negatively to the semi‐natural areas (1 km). We found no significant difference in insect abundance or diversity between organic and conventional management types, and no differences in insect abundances within the fields were detected. No significant associations between insect traits and landscape variables were identified.

These results show that floral strips are effective at attracting ground beetles and bees shortly after establishment, but these communities are functionally similar to those present in control fields. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether populations continue to increase over time and become more functionally diverse in fields with floral strips.
Novel GALT variations and genetic spectrum in Turkish population with the correlation of genotype and phenotype
Authors: Kalay Irem , Gulec Cagri , Balcı Mehmet Cihan , Toksoy Guven , Gokcay Gulden , Basaran Seher , Demirkol Mubeccel , Uyguner Zehra Oya
Published: August 2023

Classic galactosemia (OMIM#230400) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a deficiency of the galactose‐1‐phosphate‐uridyl‐transferase enzyme encoded by the GALT gene. Even though a galactose‐restricted diet efficiently resolves the acute complications, it is insufficient to prevent long‐term complications regarding speech defects, intellectual functioning, premature ovarian failure, cataract, hepatomegaly, dysarthria, ataxia, and tremor. Seventy‐seven patients who were genetically diagnosed with classic galactosemia were included in this cohort. Identified novel variants were classified based on their predicted effect on the GALT function. Further, potential genotype–phenotype correlations were investigated via statistical analysis. In total, 18 different sequence variants were identified, including four novels (c.200delG/p.(Arg67Profs*19), c.533T>G/ p.(Met178Arg), c.708_709delGT/p.(Ser236Argfs*30), c.467C>A/p.(Ser156*)). Jaundice was the most common short‐term finding with 80% (61/77). Even with early diagnosis, intellectual disability is encountered with 36% (27/74) of the long‐term complications. Patients with biallelic missense variants have a significantly higher prevalence of cataracts (OR: 17.9). Longitudinal observations showed attenuation of cataracts and hepatomegaly. This study has shown the GALT variation spectrum of the Turkish population with a 30‐year retrospective cohort, submitting a significant contribution to the genotype/phenotype correlation in galactosemia. This study also highlights the cost‐effective importance of Sanger sequencing in the diagnosis of single‐gene metabolic diseases.
Association of chemotherapy dose intensity and age with outcomes in patients with Ewing's family sarcoma
Authors: Klingberg Danielle , Bae Susie , Zhou Deborah Di‐Xin , Sim Hao‐Wen , Cai Ruilin , Anazodo Antoinette , Grimison Peter , Lewis Craig , Lee Yeh Chen
Published: August 2023

Background

Ewing's family sarcoma (EFS) is an aggressive malignancy with a peak incidence in adolescents. Multimodal treatment involves surgery and/or radiotherapy, and chemotherapy typically with VDC/IE (vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide). There is a paucity of data for the treatment of adults, with protocols extrapolated from the pediatric setting. This study aimed to assess patterns of care, chemotherapy tolerability across age groups, and outcomes from four Australian sarcoma centers.

Methods

ANZSA ACCORD sarcoma database and medical records were used to identify and collect data of patients aged ≥ 10 years with EFS who received VDC/IE between 2010 and 2020. Survival outcomes were analyzed based on chemotherapy received dose intensity (RDI). Clinical predictors of RDI were explored using logistic regression.

Results

Of 146 patients with EFS, 76 received VDC/IE. The majority had localized disease (65%). Seventy‐one percent completed scheduled chemotherapy, with some requiring dose reduction (29%), delay > 7 days (65%), or cycle omission (4%). Hematological toxicity was the main reason for dose reduction/delay. Fifty‐seven percent patients achieved an acceptable RDI ≥85%. Compared to those aged 10–19, the odds ratio for acceptable RDI aged 40–59 was 0.20 (95% CI 0.04−0.86, p = 0.04). RDI was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, after accounting for age, gender, Ewing's type, primary site, and stage (adjusted HR 0.25 [95% CI 0.10−0.63], p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Survival outcomes in EFS were associated with chemotherapy RDI. Older adults more commonly required dose reduction or early cessation of treatment due to toxicity. VDC/IE chemotherapy should be carefully tailored in adults > 40 years.
Fetal electrocardiography and artificial intelligence for prenatal detection of congenital heart disease
Authors: de Vries Ivar R. , van Laar Judith O. E. H. , van der Hout‐van der Jagt Marieke B. , Clur Sally‐Ann B. , Vullings Rik
Published: August 2023

Introduction

This study aims to investigate non‐invasive electrocardiography as a method for the detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) with the help of artificial intelligence.

Material and methods

An artificial neural network was trained for the identification of CHD using non‐invasively obtained fetal electrocardiograms. With the help of a Bayesian updating rule, multiple electrocardiographs were used to increase the algorithm's performance.

Results

Using 122 measurements containing 65 healthy and 57 CHD cases, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were found to be 71%, 63%, and 77%, respectively. The sensitivity was however 75% and 69% for CHD cases requiring an intervention in the neonatal period and first year of life, respectively. Furthermore, a positive effect of measurement length on the detection performance was observed, reaching optimal performance when using 14 electrocardiography segments (37.5 min) or more. A small negative trend between gestational age and accuracy was found.

Conclusions

The proposed method combining recent advances in obtaining non‐invasive fetal electrocardiography with artificial intelligence for the automatic detection of CHD achieved a detection rate of 63% for all CHD and 75% for critical CHD. This feasibility study shows that detection rates of CHD might improve by using electrocardiography‐based screening complementary to the standard ultrasound‐based screening. More research is required to improve performance and determine the benefits to clinical practice.
Advancing research on cyberloafing: Response to commentaries on “Cyberloafing: A review and research agenda”
Authors: Lim Vivien K. G. , Teo Thompson S. H.
Published: August 2023

Three distinguished scholars have provided insights on our article “Cyberloafing: A review and research agenda”. We thank them for their thoughtful comments and suggestions on how research on cyberloafing can move forward. We reflected on their insights and provided our responses to their commentaries.
Loneliness in older Chinese adults amid the COVID‐19 pandemic: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Ruan Juan , Xu Yan‐Min , Zhong Bao‐Liang
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Data on loneliness among older adults in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic are still scarce. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of loneliness and identify its associated factors among older Chinese adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, 1268 older Chinese adults (aged 50+ years) were recruited through snowball sampling. The Chinese version of the validated six‐item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was used to assess participants' recent feelings of loneliness, and a cut‐off score of two or more was used to indicate the presence of loneliness.

Results

Loneliness was experienced by 37.9% of the participants in recent days. Factors significantly associated with loneliness included male sex (vs. female, OR: 1.62, p < .001), an education level of middle school and below (vs. college and above, OR: 1.50, p = .007), residing in the COVID‐19 epicenter (vs. other provinces, OR: 1.48, p = .004), concern about contracting COVID‐19 (OR: 1.68, p = .001), poor knowledge of COVID‐19 (OR: 2.39, p = .012), and physical health problems (OR: 1.65, p < .001).

Discussion

Loneliness is common among older Chinese adults amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Targeted intervention programs may be more effective in reducing loneliness among older adults who are worried about contracting COVID‐19, have poor COVID‐19 knowledge, and experience physical health problems.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of the dual orexin receptor antagonist vornorexant/TS‐142 in healthy Japanese participants following single/multiple dosing: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase‐1 studies
Authors: Kambe Daiji , Hasegawa Sayaka , Imadera Yumiko , Mano Yoko , Matsushita Isao , Konno Yoshihiro , Ogo Hiroki , Uchimura Naohisa , Uchiyama Makoto
Published: August 2023

The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of vornorexant were investigated in healthy Japanese participants in three double‐blind studies: a single ascending dose of 1–30 mg (Study 101; n = 6) and multiple ascending doses of 10–30 mg (Study 102; n = 6). Study 202 consisted of two steps: an open‐label, 20 mg repeated‐dose in non‐elderly individuals (Step 1; n = 12) and a double‐blind, 20 mg repeated‐dose in elderly individuals (Step 2; n = 8/3 for vornorexant/placebo). Vornorexant was rapidly absorbed and eliminated under fasting conditions, with a time to maximum plasma concentration of 0.500–3.00 h (range) and elimination half‐life of 1.32–3.25 h. The area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) of vornorexant increased proportionally with dose increments. Sleepiness‐related pharmacodynamic outcome changes (Karolinska sleepiness scale, digit symbol substitution test and psychomotor vigilance task) were generally increased with dose increments at 1 and 4 h post‐dose, whereas no consistent dose‐related changes were detected the next morning. Food intake did not affect the maximum observed plasma concentration of vornorexant but increased the AUC0–inf. Exposure in elderly individuals was generally comparable to that in non‐elderly individuals. Altogether, vornorexant may have a favourable profile for insomnia treatment, including rapid onset of action and minimal next‐day residual effects.
What the Butler Never Said: Psychoanalysis and Knowledge in Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains of the Day
Authors: Rizq Rosemary
Published: August 2023

What can psychoanalysis learn from literary fiction? In this paper, I suggest that Kazuo Ishiguro's novel The Remains of the Day sheds light on what Freud (1900), in The Interpretation of Dreams, calls the ‘day‐residues’; those unnoticed memories and fragments of experience that in the dream come to be imbued with psychic significance. Ishiguro's unreliable narrator is the butler Stevens, whose desire for ‘dignity’ and ‘greatness’ ensures he has carefully erased any trace of feeling from the account he offers of his life and relationship with Miss Kenton, the housekeeper with whom he once worked. But what readers eventually come to know of Stevens, and what Stevens comes to know about himself, is gleaned less from what he says than from what he does not say. Drawing on Freud, Laplanche, Bollas and Barthes as well as a brief clinical example, I explore parallels between the inarticulate nature of the knowledge embodied in Ishiguro's novel and the tacit kind of knowing exemplified within the psychoanalytic transference. I conclude that literary fiction has the capacity to illuminate how psychoanalysis can accommodate and expand the borders of knowledge that is unspoken or inaccessible.
A novel alpha‐amylase inhibitor‐based spirooxindole‐pyrrolidine‐clubbed thiochromene‐pyrzaole pharmacophores: Unveiling the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction by molecular electron density theory
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Al‐Majid Abdullah Mohammed , Haukka Matti , Parveen Zahida , Ravaiz Nabeela , Wadood Abdul , Rehman Ashfaq Ur , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Domingo Luis R. , Barakat Assem
Published: August 2023

A novel spirooxindole‐pyrrolidine clubbed thiochromene and pyrazole motifs were synthesized by [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions in one step process starting from the ethylene‐based thiochromene and pyrazole scaffolds with the secondary amino‐acids and substituted isatins in high yield. The 32CA reaction of AY 10 with ethylene derivative 6 has also been studied with Molecular Electron Density Theory. The high nucleophilic character of AY 10, N = 4.39 eV, allows explaining that the most favorable TS‐on is 13.9 kcal mol−1 below the separated reagent. This 32CA, which takes place through a non‐concerted one‐step mechanism, presents a total ortho regio‐ and endo stereoselectivity, which is controlled by the formation of two intramolecular H…O hydrogen bonds. The design of spirooxindole‐pyrrolidines engrafted thiochromene and pyrazole was tested for alpha‐amylase inhibition and show a high efficacy in nanoscale range of reactivity. The key interaction between the most active hybrids and the receptor was studied by molecular docking. The physiochemical properties of the designed spirooxindole‐pyrrolidines were carried out by in silico ADMET prediction. The newly synthesized most potent hybrid could be considered as a lead compound for drug discovery development for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Distressing testing: A propensity score analysis of high‐stakes exam failure and mental health
Authors: Beck Kathryn Christine , Røhr Helene Lie , Reme Bjørn‐Atle , Flatø Martin
Published: August 2023

This study used rich individual‐level registry data covering the entire Norwegian population to identify students aged 17–21 who either failed a high‐stakes exit exam or who received the lowest passing grade from 2006 to 2018. Propensity score matching on high‐quality observed characteristics was utilized to allow meaningful comparisons (N = 18,052, 64% boys). Results showed a 21% increase in odds of receiving a psychological diagnosis among students who failed the exam. Adolescents were at 57% reduced odds of graduating and 44% reduction in odds of enrolling in tertiary education 5 years following the exam. Results suggest that failing a high‐stakes exam is associated with mental health issues and therefore may impact adolescents more broadly than captured in educational outcomes.
A variant in the LDL receptor‐related protein encoding gene LRP4 underlying polydactyly and phalangeal synostosis in a family of Pakistani origin
Authors: Khan Hammal , Ullah Kifayat , Jan Abid , Ali Hamid , Ullah Imran , Ahmad Wasim
Published: August 2023

A family of Pakistani origin, segregating polydactyly, and phalangeal synostosis in an autosomal dominant manner, has been investigated and presented in the present report. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES), followed by segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing, revealed a heterozygous missense variant [c.G1696A, p.(Gly566Ser)] in the LRP4 gene located on human chromosome 11p11.2. Homology protein modeling revealed the mutant Ser566 generated new interactions with at least four other amino acids and disrupted protein folding and function. Our findings demonstrated the first direct evidence of involvement of LRP4 in causing polydactyly and phalangeal synostosis in the same family. This study highlighted the importance of inclusion of LRP4 gene in screening individuals presenting polydactyly in hands and feet, and phalangeal synostosis in the same family.
Quadratic‐Attraction Subdivision
Authors: Karčiauskas K. , Peters J.
Published: August 2023

The idea of improving multi‐sided piecewise polynomial surfaces, by explicitly prescribing their behavior at a central surface point, allows for decoupling shape finding from enforcing local smoothness constraints. Quadratic‐Attraction Subdivision determines the completion of a quadratic expansion at the central point to attract a differentiable subdivision surface towards bounded curvature, with good shape also in‐the‐large.
A Shape Modulus for Fractal Geometry Generation
Authors: Schor A.L. , Kim Theodore
Published: August 2023

We present an efficient new method for computing Mandelbrot‐like fractals (Julia sets) that approximate a user‐defined shape. Our algorithm is orders of magnitude faster than previous methods, as it entirely sidesteps the need for a time‐consuming numerical optimization. It is also more robust, succeeding on shapes where previous approaches failed. The key to our approach is a versor‐modulus analysis of fractals that allows us to formulate a novel shape modulus function that directly controls the broad shape of a Julia set, while keeping fine‐grained fractal details intact. Our formulation contains flexible artistic controls that allow users to seamlessly add fractal detail to desired spatial regions, while transitioning back to the original shape in others. No previous approach allows Mandelbrot‐like details to be “painted” onto meshes.
Poisson Manifold Reconstruction — Beyond Co‐dimension One
Authors: Kohlbrenner M. , Lee S. , Alexa M. , Kazhdan M.
Published: August 2023

Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction creates 2D surfaces from sets of oriented points in 3D (and can be extended to co‐dimension one surfaces in arbitrary dimensions). In this work we generalize the technique to manifolds of co‐dimension larger than one. The reconstruction problem consists of finding a vector‐valued function whose zero set approximates the input points. We argue that the right extension of screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction is based on exterior products: the orientation of the point samples is encoded as the exterior product of the local normal frame. The goal is to find a set of scalar functions such that the exterior product of their gradients matches the exterior products prescribed by the input points. We show that this setup reduces to the standard formulation for co‐dimension 1, and leads to more challenging multi‐quadratic optimization problems in higher co‐dimension. We explicitly treat the case of co‐dimension 2, i.e., curves in 3D and 2D surfaces in 4D. We show that the resulting bi‐quadratic problem can be relaxed to a set of quadratic problems in two variables and that the solution can be made effective and efficient by leveraging a hierarchical approach.
Cross‐Shape Attention for Part Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Loizou Marios , Garg Siddhant , Petrov Dmitry , Averkiou Melinos , Kalogerakis Evangelos
Published: August 2023

We present a deep learning method that propagates point‐wise feature representations across shapes within a collection for the purpose of 3D shape segmentation. We propose a cross‐shape attention mechanism to enable interactions between a shape's point‐wise features and those of other shapes. The mechanism assesses both the degree of interaction between points and also mediates feature propagation across shapes, improving the accuracy and consistency of the resulting point‐wise feature representations for shape segmentation. Our method also proposes a shape retrieval measure to select suitable shapes for cross‐shape attention operations for each test shape. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach yields state‐of‐the‐art results in the popular PartNet dataset.
Factored Neural Representation for Scene Understanding
Authors: Wong Yu‐Shiang , Mitra Niloy J.
Published: August 2023

A long‐standing goal in scene understanding is to obtain interpretable and editable representations that can be directly constructed from a raw monocular RGB‐D video, without requiring specialized hardware setup or priors. The problem is significantly more challenging in the presence of multiple moving and/or deforming objects. Traditional methods have approached the setup with a mix of simplifications, scene priors, pretrained templates, or known deformation models. The advent of neural representations, especially neural implicit representations and radiance fields, opens the possibility of end‐to‐end optimization to collectively capture geometry, appearance, and object motion. However, current approaches produce global scene encoding, assume multiview capture with limited or no motion in the scenes, and do not facilitate easy manipulation beyond novel view synthesis. In this work, we introduce a factored neural scene representation that can directly be learned from a monocular RGB‐D video to produce object‐level neural presentations with an explicit encoding of object movement(e.g., rigid trajectory)and/or deformations(e.g., nonrigid movement). We evaluate ours against a set of neural approaches on both synthetic and real data to demonstrate that the representation is efficient, interpretable, and editable(e.g., change object trajectory).Code and data are available at:http://geometry.cs.ucl.ac.uk/projects/2023/factorednerf/.
3D Keypoint Estimation Using Implicit Representation Learning
Authors: Zhu Xiangyu , Du Dong , Huang Haibin , Ma Chongyang , Han Xiaoguang
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we tackle the challenging problem of 3D keypoint estimation of general objects using a novel implicit representation. Previous works have demonstrated promising results for keypoint prediction through direct coordinate regression or heatmap‐based inference. However, these methods are commonly studied for specific subjects, such as human bodies and faces, which possess fixed keypoint structures. They also suffer in several practical scenarios where explicit or complete geometry is not given, including images and partial point clouds. Inspired by the recent success of advanced implicit representation in reconstruction tasks, we explore the idea of using an implicit field to represent keypoints. Specifically, our key idea is employing spheres to represent 3D keypoints, thereby enabling the learnability of the corresponding signed distance field. Explicit key‐points can be extracted subsequently by our algorithm based on the Hough transform. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations also show the superiority of our representation in terms of prediction accuracy.
MAP2K1‐mutated melanocytic tumors have reproducible histopathologic features and share similarities with melanocytic tumors with BRAFV600E mutations
Authors: Alomari Ahmed K. , Harms Paul W. , Andea Aleodor A. , Warren Simon J.
Published: August 2023

Background

Melanocytic tumors driven by MAP2K1 in‐frame deletions are among the most recently described class of melanocytic neoplasms. The reported range of diagnoses and associated genomic aberrations in these neoplasms is wide and includes melanomas, deep penetrating melanocytomas, and pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. However, little is known about the characteristics of these tumors, especially in the absence of well‐known second molecular “hits.” Moreover, despite their frequent spitzoid cytomorphology, their potential categorization among the Spitz tumors is debatable.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective search through our molecular archives to identify sequenced melanocytic tumors with MAP2K1 in‐frame deletions. We reviewed the clinical and histomorphological features of these tumors and compared them to similar neoplasms reported to date. In addition, we performed single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array testing to identify structural chromosomal aberrations.

Results

Of 27 sequenced tumors, 6 (22%) showed a pathogenic MAP2K1 in‐frame deletion (with or without insertion) and were included in this series. Five (83%) were females with lesions involving the upper limb. Histopathologically, all neoplasms were compounded with plaque‐like or wedge‐shaped silhouettes, spitzoid cytomorphology, and impaired cytologic maturation. All cases showed background actinic damage with sclerotic stroma replacing solar elastosis, variable pagetoid scatter, and occasional dermal mitotic figures (range 1–2/mm2). Five cases (83%) had a small component of nevic‐looking melanocytes. Biologically, these tumors likely fall within the spectrum of unusual nevi. Five cases (83%) had a relatively high mutational burden and four (67%) showed an ultraviolet radiation signature. Four cases (67%) showed in‐frame deletion involving the p.I103_K104del locus while two cases (33%) showed in‐frame deletion involving the p.Q58_E62del locus. SNP array testing showed structural abnormalities ranging from 1 to 5 per case. Five of these cases showed a gain of chromosome 15 spanning the MAP2K1 gene locus.

Discussion and Conclusion

Melanocytic tumors with MAP2K1 in‐frame deletion could represent another spectrum of melanocytic tumors with close genotypic–phenotypic correlation. They are largely characterized by a spectrum that encompasses desmoplastic Spitz nevus as shown in our series and Spitz and Clark nevus as shown by others. Evolutionary, they share many similarities with tumors with BRAF V600E mutations, suggesting they are better classified along the conventional pathway rather than the Spitz pathway despite the frequent spitzoid morphology.
Publications on the diagnostic accuracy of dermatopathology tests: A cross‐sectional quality analysis
Authors: Knez Nora , Kroflin Karla , Fraga Garth R.
Published: August 2023

Background

Ancillary diagnostic tests are frequent in dermatopathology practice. Publications on their accuracy influence their utilization. The transparency and completeness of these publications are unknown.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study on diagnostic accuracy studies in dermatopathology published between 2020 and 2022 for compliance with Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS‐2).

Results

14.67 ± 3.02 STARD items were reported in 62 publications (range, 9.5–23.5 out of the recommended total of 30). More items were reported in high‐impact factor journals (16.01 vs. 13.32, p = 0.0002) and journals that endorsed STARD in their author instructions (17.22 vs. 14.11, p = 0.0039). Less than 10% of publications reported quantifiable hypotheses, sample size calculations, flow diagrams, or study registrations. The risk of bias by our analysis of QUADAS‐2 criteria was high or uncertain for index test interpretation (36/62, 58%) and patient selection (44/62, 71%).

Conclusions

Publications on dermatopathology tests are exploratory studies without prespecified hypotheses or study designs. They do not meet the criteria for transparent reporting. We suggest that medical journal leadership should consider updating their instructions with more explicit guidance on recommended manuscript elements.
Nodular amyloidosis presenting like a primary scarring alopecia
Authors: Gulotta Anthony P. , Collins Joshua M. , England Janessa R. , Lew Jeffrey L. , Lee Christine M.
Published: August 2023

Nodular amyloidosis (NA) is a rare type of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis in which light chain amyloid deposits in the skin without concurrent systemic involvement. We report a challenging case of NA on the scalp, mimicking primary scarring alopecia, in a relatively young and healthy 36‐year‐old man. In addition to a nonspecific clinical appearance with a broad differential, NA can be a difficult diagnosis because it may require ancillary testing, such as liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to type the amyloid protein, and hematology–oncology workup to exclude systemic disease. Pathologists can highlight the importance of systemic evaluation in their reports to ensure patients receive appropriate management.
Post‐initiation predictors of discontinuation of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors: A comparative cohort study from the United Kingdom
Authors: Alkabbani Wajd , Shah Baiju R. , Zongo Arsène , Eurich Dean T. , Alsabbagh Mhd Wasem , Gamble John‐Michael
Published: August 2023

Aims

To assess post‐initiation predictors of discontinuation of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors compared to dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors in the United Kingdom.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a comparative population‐based retrospective cohort study using primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) with linked data to hospital and death records. We included new metformin users who initiated either SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP‐4 inhibitors between January 2013 and October 2019. The main outcome was treatment discontinuation, defined as the first 90‐day gap after the estimated treatment end date. We used a series of extended Cox models to assess which time‐dependent predictors were associated with treatment discontinuation. To test if the hazard ratio of discontinuation for each predictor was statistically different between SGLT2 and DPP‐4 inhibitors, an exposure‐predictor interaction term was added to each model.

Results

There were 2550 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and 8195 new users of DPP‐4 inhibitors. Approximately 69% of SGLT2 inhibitor and 74% of DPP‐4 inhibitor users had discontinued treatment by the end of follow‐up. Occurrence of fractures after treatment initiation was a significant predictor of discontinuation of SGLT2 inhibitors (hazard ratio [HR] 4.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12‐8.06) but not DPP‐4 inhibitors (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79‐1.11). The rate of treatment discontinuation was significantly higher for those with low estimated glomerular filtration rate and minimal contact with the healthcare system. Efficacy endpoints, such as heart failure and glycated haemoglobin level, were not associated with treatment discontinuation.

Conclusions

Our findings reflect some discrepancy between the available evidence and prescribing behaviour for SGLT2 inhibitors.