bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of Biktarvy in HIV-1 infection: A scoping review
Authors: Peters Ellen , Iwuji and Collins
Published: February 2023

Background: Biktarvy is approved for use in HIV-1 infection in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced individuals, after a series of successful phase III trials. However, studies on real-world evidence on its efficacy, safety and tolerability are limited. Purpose: The study aims to collate real-world evidence on the use of Biktarvy in clinical practice to identify gaps in knowledge. Research Design: Scoping review was undertaken using PRISMA guidelines and a systematic search strategy. The final search strategy used was (Bictegravir* OR biktarvy) AND (efficac* OR safe* OR effect* OR tolerab* OR ‘side effect*’ OR ‘adverse effect*’). The last search was performed on the 12th of August 2021. Study Sample: Studies were eligible if they reported on the efficacy, effectiveness, safety or tolerability of bictegravir-based ART. Data Collection and/or Analysis: Data were collected from 17 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and summarised using a narrative synthesis. Results: The efficacy of Biktarvy in clinical practice is comparable to phase III trials. However, adverse effects and discontinuation rates were found to be higher in real-world studies. Conclusions: The cohorts in the included real-world studies showed more demographic diversity when compared to the drug approval trials, further prospective studies are required on under-represented groups such as women, pregnant people, ethnic minorities and older adults.
Scoping review of behavioral coding measures used to evaluate parent responsiveness of children with autism or elevated risk of autism
Authors: Uzonyi Thelma E , Grissom Alaina C , Anderson Ranita V , Lee Helen , Towner-Wright Sarah , Crais Elizabeth R , Watson Linda R , Landa Rebecca J
Published: February 2023

Various aspects of parent responsiveness are associated with child outcomes, such as play, language, and social development. However, behavioral coding methods used to measure parent responsiveness vary widely, making comparison of results across studies difficult. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize current behavioral coding methods used in measuring parent responsiveness to children with autism or elevated likelihood of autism, synthesize the reported metrics used, and highlight the strengths and weaknesses in the reporting standards of available literature. A total of 101 articles met criteria for the review and were analyzed for metrics in demographics, coding system development and accessibility, characteristics of measured responsiveness, reliability, and validity. Results revealed variations in observational procedures, forms of measurement, and specific aspects of responsiveness measured. Details necessary for study replication or extension often were missing, such as parent demographics, clear definitions of parent responsiveness, and coder training procedures. The scoping review results reflect the wide variety of behavioral coding systems used and the inconsistent reporting in published literature on this topic. A case for a best practice model for behavioral coding metrics and reporting standards within parent responsiveness is presented in the discussion.

Lay abstract

The topic of how parents react (e.g., how they talk and act) to their child with autism or elevated likelihood of autism, often called parent responsiveness, has been studied by researchers for over 50 years. Many methods for measuring behaviors around parent responsiveness have been created depending on what researchers were interested in discovering. For example, some include only the behaviors that the parent does/says in reacting to something the child does/says. Other systems look at all behaviors in a period of time between child and parent (e.g., who talked/acted first, how much the child or parent said/did). The purpose of this article was to provide a summary of how and what researchers looked at around parent responsiveness, describe the strengths and barriers of these approaches, and suggest a “best practices” method of looking at parent responsiveness. The model suggested could make it more possible to look across studies to compare study methods and results. The model could be used in the future by researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to provide more effective services to children and their families.
Structural design and manufacturing length errors analyses of crossed spoke cable-truss structure
Authors: Lu Jian , Chen Wujun
Published: February 2023

To overcome the weak lateral stiffness and weak anti-collapse ability of traditional spoke cable-truss structures, the crossed spoke cable-truss structure (CSCTS) is proposed. As structural stiffness and bearing ability are generated from prestresses produced by tensioning cable length, it is necessary to study the influences of manufacturing errors on CSCTS. The structural design method is proposed by theoretical derivation and the finite element (FE) model with a span of 100 [Formula: see text] is designed for CSCTS. The influences of manufacturing length errors on the mechanical behaviors of CSCTS are studied under four different conditions based on FE model. The influences of manufacturing length errors on the static behaviors of CSCTS are further studied under full-span and half-span loads. Then the control criteria of cable length errors are obtained by theoretical method under the same and different manufacturing length errors. The results show the structural design method can solve the reasonable shape and self-stress mode of CSCTS. The influences of the elongation or shortening of cables and struts on the sensitivity indexes of CSCTS are equal. The internal force variations are the same under different prestress states when length errors are unchanged. Manufacturing errors have greater influences on cable-truss frame itself than others. The influences of manufacturing errors at different positions on internal forces are similar under full-span and half-span loads, which is more sensitive to half-span loads. When construction method of un-adjustable cable length is used, the reasonable control criteria of cable length errors can be adopted considering calculation amount and project costs. The contents can support some meaningful references for the design and construction of CSCTS.
Overview of recent cases before the European court of human rights (October 2022 – December 2022)
Authors: De Becker Eleni
Published: February 2023

In this reporting period (October 2022 – December 2022) two cases before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) will be presented. 1 They both concern discrimination on grounds of sex. The first case is Beeler v. Switzerland (appl. no. 78630/12), which dealt with the termination of a survivor's pension for widowers when the youngest child reaches adulthood. Such termination does not occur for widows. The ECtHR had to review whether the difference in treatment on the basis of sex violated the prohibition of discrimination in Article 14 ECHR, read in conjunction with the right to family life in Article 8 ECHR. Moraru and Marin v. Romania (appl. no. 53282/18 and 31428/20) is the second case that will be discussed. In this case, the employment agreements of the applicants were terminated automatically once they reached the retirement age for women, which was lower than for men. Also in this case, the Court had to review whether there was a violation of the prohibition of discrimination of sex, albeit on the basis of Article 1 of Protocol no. 12.
Renovation of old communities for public health and resilient environment based on greenery optimization and wind deflectors
Authors: Wang Junqi , Ni Mingsong , Chen Jianping
Published: February 2023

Due to the global urbanization, the stock of older communities has been increasing drastically over time and living conditions have continued to deteriorate. Specifically, narrow building spaces and unreasonable community layouts would easily lead to the accumulation of air pollutants, which is more critical to public health as the recurrence of infectious diseases continues to be a threat to elderly residents. Thus, the need to improve and renovate the outdoor environment of old communities is urgent. This study proposes an environmental renovation strategy which explores the optimization of greenery and the application of wind deflector to improve the global and local wind environment. An old community in Suzhou, a national historical city in China, was selected as the case study. Based on field investigations, data measurement and comprehensive simulations, problematic areas were identified and renovation strategies were designed. As a result, the renovation achieved about 60% reduction of the vortex area and 40% reduction of the wind-free area, while also improving the green space ratio from 24% to 40.2%. The selection of greenery was also discussed regarding the antibacterial effect, carbon sequestration and air purification. A working flow chart has been synthesized for improving the outdoor environment of old communities.
Low-carbon progressive design for sustainable development of buildings
Authors: Liu Jue , Bao Li , Ye Biyun , Wang Junqi
Published: February 2023

With the advance of urbanization, energy consumption of public buildings is increasing rapidly, and it is urgent to achieve sustainable development of buildings. For public buildings, its energy-efficient envelope design is of great importance and necessity, which has been widely adopted to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions without sacrificing indoor thermal comfort. In this study, a progressive design approach of building envelope is proposed for energy-saving and low carbon emission. Then, the proposed method was applied in an archive building in Nanjing, China, with multiple rounds of design modifications of building envelopes through numerical simulations of building performance. The indoor temperature fluctuation, building energy consumption and CO2 emission were evaluated. Compared to the initial design, the optimized design can save 20.00%, 25.66% and 20.97% of building energy consumption in summer, winter and the entire year, respectively. Furthermore, the optimized design can reduce 20% and 25% of carbon emission in summer and winter, respectively. The progressive design method for building envelopes can significantly save energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions. In addition, it provides a reference for future green building design and application, which promotes the sustainable development of green and low-carbon buildings.
Creative Meta-Skills: Construct, Dimensions and Implications for Marketing Professionals
Authors: Das Kallol , Mungra Yogesh , Ambika Anupama , Dhir Amandeep
Published: February 2023

Creative skills are often regarded as a vital asset for marketing professionals. Unprecedented technology-driven shifts have further accentuated the need for creativity in marketing. However, scholars and practitioners’ understanding of the capabilities required to acquire creative skills is lacking, which is a matter of concern given the importance of these capabilities and creativity in marketing. Our study thus aims to address the following research questions: (1) What are creative meta-skills (i.e. capabilities required to acquire creative skills)? and (2) How is this construct related to other relevant constructs? In addressing these questions, we define the construct of creative meta-skills, anchored in flow theory and delineate its dimensions – that is, creative growth mindset, diligence and openness to feedback. Further, using the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model, we relate creative meta-skills to creative performance through creative personal identity (CPI) and creative self-efficacy (CSE) and empirically test this relationship via two studies. Theoretically, this paper contributes to the literature on meta-skills and creativity in marketing (CiM) by refining the construct of creative meta-skills and by providing a conceptual framework. This topic will be a valuable addition to the marketing curriculum. Further, firms can use this study’s insights to enhance their marketing professionals’ creativity quotient. The hiring process for creative industries/roles would benefit by considering creative meta-skills, CPI and CSE in the evaluation criteria. The paper ends with a note on its own limitations and directions for future research.
Living with dementia: Why I am thinking of ‘death’
Authors: Zhang Xiubin , Clarke Charlotte , Ding Rong
Published: February 2023

Background and aims

Dementia is recognized globally as a massive burden on public health and wider society. It is a major cause of disability and mortality amongst older people. China has the largest population of people with dementia worldwide, accounting for approximately 25% of the entire global population of people with dementia. The study investigated the perceived experiences of care giving and care receiving in China, with one area identified in the data concerning the extent to which the participants discussed death. The research also explored the meaning of living with dementia in modern China, where the economy, demography and culture are rapidly changing.

Method

The qualitative approach of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for this study. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection.

Finding

The paper reports on one specific finding concerning death as a way out of the situation that participants found themselves in.

Conclusion

The study described and interpreted one of the specific issues, ‘death’, in the participants’ narratives. This finding reflects how psychological and social factors, such as stress, social support, healthcare cost, caring burden and medical practice have created the participants’ thoughts of ‘wishing to die’ and the reasons why they believe ‘death is a way to reduce burden’. It calls for an understanding, supportive social environment and a reconsideration of a culturally and economically appropriate family-based care system.
A Systematic Review of Lifestyle-Routine Activity Theory in the Context of Direct-Contact Sexual Victimization
Authors: Hayes Brittany E. , Maher Cooper A.
Published: February 2023

Studies have extended and applied lifestyle-routine activity theory (L-RAT) to direct-contact sexual violence (SV). Yet, operationalizations of theoretical concepts—exposure, proximity, target suitability, and guardianship—have not been consistent across studies within this context, and therefore the ultimate conclusions on the robustness of the theory remain an open empirical question. In this systematic review, we compile scholarship on the application of L-RAT to direct-contact SV to identify how core concepts have been operationalized as well as their association with SV. Studies met the inclusion criteria if they were published before February 2022, examined direct-contact sexual victimization, and explicitly categorized measures into one of the aforementioned theoretical concepts. Overall, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Certain factors, such as alcohol and substance use as well as sex behaviors, emerged as consistent operationalizations of exposure, proximity, target suitability, and guardianship across studies. Alcohol and substance use, sexual orientation, relationship status, and behavioral health conditions were common correlates of SV. Nevertheless, there was considerable variability in measurement and significance, clouding how these factors affect risk of SV. In addition, several operationalizations were unique to single studies, reflecting context-specific operationalizations about the population and research question at hand. Conclusions drawn from this work have implications for the generalizability of the body of knowledge related to the application of L-RAT to SV and identify the need for systematic replication efforts. Implications for future research, especially as it relates to replication efforts and claims around generalizability, are discussed.
Endovascular Stent Graft Repair for Mycotic Aorto-Iliac Aneurysm Due to Brucella
Authors: Jiang Jianjun , Shao Wenchong , Shen Shuohao , Li Guangzhen , Liu Yang , Ding Xiangjiu , Su Qingbo
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Brucella aneurysms are very rare but life-threatening, and a standard treatment approach has yet to be established. The current study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment for Brucella aneurysms.

Materials and Methods:

The clinical data of 15 Brucella aortic-iliac aneurysm patients who underwent endovascular repair at 2 hospitals from January 2012 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results:

Fifteen patients (12 men and 3 women) with a mean age of 59.3 years were included. Fourteen patients (93.3%) had a history of exposure to animals (cattle and sheep). All patients had aortic or iliac pseudoaneurysms, 9 abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), 4 iliac aneurysms, and 2 AAA combined with iliac aneurysms. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was performed in all patients without conversion to open surgery. Six cases were treated for emergency surgery due to aneurysm rupture. The immediate technique success rate was 100%, with no postoperative death. Two cases had the iliac artery ruptured again after operation because of lack of antibiotic treatment and was given endovascular treatment again. Once brucellosis is diagnosed, antibiotic treatment with doxycycline and rifampicin was initiated for all the patients until 6 months after operation. All patients survived over a median follow-up period of 45 months. Follow-up computed tomography angiography showed that all stent grafts remained patent, with no endoleak.

Conclusion:

EVAR combined with antibiotics treatment is feasible, safe, and effective for Brucella aneurysms and represents a promising treatment option for these Brucella aneurysms.

Clinical Impact

Brucella aneurysms are very rare but life-threatening, and a standard treatment approach has yet to be established. The traditional operation management strategy is surgical resection and debridement of the infected aneurysm and the surrounding tissues. However, open surgical management in these patients causes severe trauma with high surgical risks and mortality (13.3%–40%). We tried to treat Brucella aneurysms with endovascular therapy, and the technique success and survival rate of the operation reached 100%. EVAR combined with antibiotics treatment is feasible, safe, and effective for Brucella aneurysms and represents a promising treatment option for some mycotic aneurysms.
Cellular Innate Biological Nano Confinements Control Cancer Metastasis Through Materials Seizing and Signaling Regulating
Authors: Zhao Zunqiang , Deng Shu , Lv Zhongwei , Yang Jianshe
Published: February 2023

Cancer is a debilitating disease, causing millions of deaths annually throughout the world. Due to their adaptive ability to meet nutritional demands, cancer cells often utilize more energy than normal cells. In order to develop new strategies to treat cancer, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of energy metabolism, which is yet largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that cellular innate nanodomains are involved in cellular energy metabolism and anabolism and GPCRs signaling regulation, which have a direct effect on cell fate and functions. Therefore, harnessing cellular innate nanodomains may evoke significant therapeutic impact and shift the research focus from exogenous nanomaterials to cellular innate nanodomains, which will have great potential to develop a new treatment modality for cancer. Keeping these points in view, we briefly discuss the impact of cellular innate nanodomains and their potential for advancing cancer therapeutics, and propose the concept of innate biological nano confinements, which include any innate structural and functional nano domains both in extracellular and intracellular with spatial heterogeneity.
Role of autophagy and its regulation by noncoding RNAs in ovarian cancer
Authors: Feng Cong , Yuan Xingxing
Published: February 2023

Autophagy is a self-digestion process by which misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in eukaryotic cells are degraded to maintain cellular homeostasis. This process is involved in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of various tumors such as ovarian cancer (OC). Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have been extensively investigated in cancer research for their roles in the regulation of autophagy. Recent studies have shown that in OC cells, ncRNAs can modulate the formation of autophagosomes, which affect tumor progression and chemoresistance. An understanding of the role of autophagy in OC progression, treatment, and prognosis is important, and the identification of the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in autophagy leads to intervention strategies for OC therapy. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in OC and discusses the role of ncRNA-mediated autophagy in OC, as an understanding of these roles may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic strategies for this disease.
Intraoperative Determination of Bronchus Stump and Anastomosis Perfusion with Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Ellebrecht David B. , Kugler Christian
Published: February 2023

Background

The intraoperative evaluation of bronchus perfusion is limited. Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is a newly established intraoperative imaging technique that enables a non-invasive, real-time perfusion analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the intraoperative perfusion of bronchus stump and anastomosis during pulmonary resections with HSI.

Methods

In this prospective, IDEAL Stage 2a study (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04784884) HSI measurements were carried out before bronchial dissection and after bronchial stump formation or bronchial anastomosis, respectively. Tissue oxygenation (StO2; upper tissue perfusion), organ hemoglobin index (OHI), near-infrared index (NIR; deeper tissue perfusion) and tissue water index (TWI) were calculated.

Results

Bronchus stumps showed a reduced NIR (77.82 ± 10.27 vs 68.01 ± 8.95; P = 0,02158) and OHI (48.60 ± 1.39 vs 38.15 ± 9.74; P = <.0001), although the perfusion of the upper tissue layers was equivalent before and after resection (67.42% ± 12.53 vs 65.91% ± 10.40). In the sleeve resection group, we found both a significant decrease in StO 2 and NIR between central bronchus and anastomosis region (StO2: 65.09% ± 12.57 vs 49.45 ± 9.94; P = .044; NIR: 83.73 ± 10.92 vs 58.62 ± 3.01; P = .0063). Additionally, NIR was decreased in the re-anastomosed bronchus compared to central bronchus region (83.73 ± 10.92 vs 55.15 ± 17.56; P = .0029).

Conclusions

Although both bronchus stumps and anastomosis show an intraoperative reduction of tissue perfusion, there is no difference of tissue hemoglobin level in bronchus anastomosis.
The Inauguration of the First High School Lifestyle Medicine Club
Authors: Dupuis Léonie , Munoz Anabella , Wasserstrom Sharon
Published: February 2023

Montverde Academy is home to our country’s first Lifestyle Medicine Club, a novel approach to Lifestyle Medicine outreach amongst teenagers. A high-school student-driven initiative, the club successfully completed its first year in existence by focusing on growing its membership and teaching high school students about the 6 pillars of Lifestyle Medicine. This article describes the inception of the club, its first events, and its future directions.
Second-order slip flow of a magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid past a bi-directional stretching surface with thermal convective and zero mass flux conditions
Authors: Khan Ishtiaq , Rahman Amin Ur , Dawar Abdullah , Islam Saeed , Zaman Aiman
Published: February 2023

The nanoliquid concept has variety of applications toward biomedicine, heat exchangers, cooling of electrical devices, foods, and transportation. It is important to add various kinds of solid nanoparticles, such as silica, copper, silver, alumina, graphene, gold, and so on to the base fluids to increase the thermal efficiency of common fluids like engine oil, kerosene oil, water, sodium alginate, etc. This research explores the second-order slip flow of a Cu-Fe3O4/H2O past a bi-directional stretching surface. The current research takes into account the conditions of thermal convection, zero mass flux, and velocity slips. It is important to note that the hybrid nanoliquid flow’s wall mass transfer rate is eliminated by the zero mass flux at the wall. Furthermore, a strong magnetic field, thermophoresis, activation energy, exponential heating, chemical reaction, and Brownian motion are also studied. The mathematical framework of this report is presented in the form of PDEs which are then converted into ODEs via appropriate similarity transformations. A semi-analytical method called HAM, is used in order to solve the transformed ODEs. The convergence of HAM is shown with the help of Table. The impacts of physical parameters on the flow distributions are shown with the help of Tables and Figures. The findings of this study demonstrate that the velocity distributions of the hybrid nanofluid flow are decreased as the magnetic constraint is augmented. The ratio parameter has an inverse relationship to the primary velocity and has direct relationship to the secondary velocity. The energy profile has augmented due to the higher thermal Biot number. The present analysis is validated by comparing the new results with reported results.
Research on a boundary regularization geometric reconstruction method of topology optimization structure based on the Freeman code
Authors: Wu Xingchen , Shen Huipeng , Zhang Tianyu , Li Hangyu , Liu Baoguo , Yan Shidang
Published: February 2023

The complex curved boundary of the topology optimization model is not conducive to industrial manufacturing hence the necessity to reconstruct the geometrical model. This study presents a general method for the boundary regularization fitting reconstruction of a topological optimization model based on the Freeman code. This method is performed as follows: the unit vector is defined; the vectorized expression of the Freeman code boundary is established; through the concept of the boundary bending parameter, determination of the bending degree of the Freeman code boundary is established; an elemental structure analysis method is proposed, and the logic of the automatic extraction of the control points of the Freeman code boundary fitting is achieved. This method proposes a series of innovative technical methods, such as unit vector definition, boundary bending matrix, and elemental structure analysis method, and designs a complete set of structural analysis logic for a Freeman code type boundary, which can automatically analyze the structure feature of the 8-connected Freeman code boundary, extract the fitting control points on the boundary, and complete the automatic fitting and reconstruction of the boundary. This method is robust and applicable to all Freeman code boundaries. The entire process is automated.
Do treatment methods for deep vein thrombosis have different effects on post-thrombotic syndrome and the quality of life?
Authors: Donbaloğlu Mehmet Okan , Gürkan Selami , Gür Özcan
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effects of interventional methods and medical therapy in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on the risk of development of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and the quality of life during the follow-up period.

Patients and methods

Clinical statuses of the patients who were treated medical therapy alone or medical therapy and endovascular treatment for acute proximal (iliofemoral-popliteal) DVT between 1st January 2014 and 1st November 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. The study included 128 patients who received interventional treatment (Group I) and 120 patients who received medical therapy alone (Group M). The mean age of the patients was 52.98 ± 12.45 years in Group I and 55.60 ± 16.15 years in Group M. Patients were classified as provoked or unprovoked and by LET scale (lower extremity thrombosis level scale). Patients were followed-up for 1 year using Villalta scores and VEINES-QoL/Sym questionnaire. LET scale was evaluated based on the results of lower extremity venous Doppler ultrasound (DUS).

Results

No early acute phase mortality was observed. LET classification showed that there is higher proximal involvement in Group I ( Table 1 [Table: see text]). Recurrence rate was 6.25% (8 patients) in Group I and 21.66% (26 patients) in Group M ( p < .001). Pulmonary embolism was not observed in either group. At 12-month follow-up, the number of patients with a Villalta score of ≥5 was 8 (6.25%) in Group I and 81 (67.5%) in Group M ( p < .001), while the mean VEINES-QoL/Sym scale score was found to be 72.5 ± 6.35 in Group I and 40.2 ± 9.31 in Group M ( p < .001). The rates of anticoagulant-associated bleeding were 3.12% (4 patients) in Group I and 6.66% (8 patients) in Group M. The mean complete recanalization rates calculated using DUS at year 1 was found to be 63.28% (81 patients) in Group I and 9.16% (11 patients) in Group M ( p < .001).

Conclusion

When deep vein thrombosis is treated using interventional methods, lower Villalta scores are detected after 1 year of follow-up. Development of post-thrombotic syndrome is reduced substantially. According to VEINES-QoL/Sym quality of life (QoL) scale, QoL is higher in patients who underwent interventional procedures. Interventional treatment provides persistent benefit in the short and medium terms especially in DVT with proximal involvement.
Value-modulated attentional capture is augmented by win-related sensory cues
Authors: Pearson Daniel , Piao Meihui , Le Pelley Mike E
Published: February 2023

Attentional prioritisation of stimuli in the environment plays an important role in overt choice. Previous research shows that prioritisation is influenced by the magnitude of paired rewards, in that stimuli signalling high-value rewards are more likely to capture attention than stimuli signalling low-value rewards; and this attentional bias has been proposed to play a role in addictive and compulsive behaviours. A separate line of research has shown that win-related sensory cues can bias overt choices. However, the role that these cues play in attentional selection is yet to be investigated. Participants in this study completed a visual search task in which they responded to a target shape in order to earn reward. The colour of a distractor signalled the magnitude of reward and type of feedback on each trial. Participants were slower to respond to the target when the distractor signalled high reward compared to when the distractor signalled low reward, suggesting that the high-reward distractors had increased attentional priority. Critically, the magnitude of this reward-related attentional bias was further increased for a high-reward distractor with post-trial feedback accompanied by win-related sensory cues. Participants also demonstrated an overt choice preference for the distractor that was associated with win-related sensory cues. These findings demonstrate that stimuli paired with win-related sensory cues are prioritised by the attention system over stimuli with equivalent physical salience and learned value. This attentional prioritisation may have downstream implications for overt choices, especially in gambling contexts where win-related sensory cues are common.
The role of syllables and morphemes in silent reading: An eye-tracking study
Authors: De Simone Elisabetta , Moll Kristina , Feldmann Lisa , Schmalz Xenia , Beyersmann Elisabeth
Published: February 2023

German skilled readers have been found to engage in morphological and syllable-based processing in visual word recognition. However, the relative reliance on syllables and morphemes in reading multi-syllabic complex words is still unresolved. This study aimed to unveil which of these sublexical units are the preferred units of reading by employing eye-tracking technology. Participants silently read sentences while their eye-movements were recorded. Words were visually marked using colour alternation (Experiment 1) or hyphenation (Experiment 2)—at syllable boundary (e.g., Kir-schen), at morpheme boundary (e.g., Kirsch-en), or within the units themselves (e.g., Ki-rschen). A control condition without disruptions was used as a baseline (e.g., Kirschen). The results of Experiment 1 showed that eye-movements were not modulated by colour alternations. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that hyphens disrupting syllables had a larger inhibitory effect on reading times than hyphens disrupting morphemes, suggesting that eye-movements in German skilled readers are more influenced by syllabic than morphological structure.
An updated systematic review of stroke clinical practice guidelines to inform aphasia management
Authors: Burton Bridget , Isaacs Megan , Brogan Emily , Shrubsole Kirstine , Kilkenny Monique F , Power Emma , Godecke Erin , Cadilhac Dominique A , Copland David , Wallace Sarah J
Published: February 2023

Background:

Aphasia is a common consequence of stroke, and people who live with this condition experience poor outcomes. Adherence to clinical practice guidelines can promote high-quality service delivery and optimize patient outcomes. However, there are currently no high-quality guidelines specific to post-stroke aphasia management.

Aims:

To identify and evaluate recommendations from high-quality stroke guidelines that can inform aphasia management.

Summary of review:

We conducted an updated systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify high-quality clinical guidelines published between January 2015 and October 2022. Primary searches were performed using electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Gray literature searches were conducted using Google Scholar, guideline databases, and stroke websites. Clinical practice guidelines were evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines and Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool. Recommendations were extracted from high-quality guidelines (scored > 66.7% on Domain 3: “Rigor of Development”), classified as aphasia-specific or aphasia-related, and categorized into clinical practice areas. Evidence ratings and source citations were assessed, and similar recommendations were grouped. Twenty-three stroke clinical practice guidelines were identified and 9 (39%) met our criteria for rigor of development. From these guidelines, 82 recommendations for aphasia management were extracted: 31 were aphasia-specific, 51 aphasia-related, 67 evidence-based, and 15 consensus-based.

Conclusion:

More than half of stroke clinical practice guidelines identified did not meet our criteria for rigorous development. We identified 9 high-quality guidelines and 82 recommendations to inform aphasia management. Most recommendations were aphasia-related; aphasia-specific recommendation gaps were identified in three clinical practice areas: “accessing community supports,” “return to work, leisure, driving,” and “interprofessional practice.”
Co-TS: Design and Implementation of a 2-UAV Cooperative Transportation System
Authors: Weng Qian Li , Liu Guan Jun , Zhou Pei , Shi Hao Ran , Zhang Kai Wen
Published: February 2023

UAV application research has attracted more and more attention of researchers. However, in the field of UAV transportation, especially in the case of multi-UAV cooperation, there is little research or design on the overall system of multi-UAV cooperative transportation due to the complexity of the task and many factors need to be considered. In this paper, we first introduce a 2-UAV cooperative transportation task scenario and we call it Co-TS. Then according to the scenario, we design a task planning system, which describes the entire process of 2-UAV performing transportation tasks; in order to solve the design complexity of this UAV upper-layer software, we propose a model architecture of 2-UAV transportation application, design the functions of each module and analyze the relationship between modules in the model architecture; in addition, to realize the correct execution of the 2-UAV cooperative transportation task, the task execution is divided into four states which include preparation, rising, forwarding, and landing states, and the corresponding cooperative transportation control flow algorithm is designed for four states. Finally, we develop this system and conduct experiments. The quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Single centre experience: Managing seasonal influenza without a point-of-care test
Authors: Tee Pei Sen
Published: February 2023

Background

The use of point-of-care testing (POCT) for influenza is not routine in many hospitals in the United Kngdom and testing is currently by laboratory-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. This review aims to evaluate patients who were tested positive for influenza in the last winter season and project if future POCT usage at initial point of patient assessment could assist in better utilisation of healthcare resources.

Methods

Retrospective review in a district general hospital without POCT facility for influenza. Medical records of patients who tested positive for influenza during a 4-month period from 1 October 2019 to 31 January 2020 in the paediatric department were reviewed and analysed.

Results

Thirty patients had laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza of which 63% ( n = 19) were admitted to the ward. 56% of patients were not isolated at first instance on admission and 50% ( n = 9) of admitted patients did not require inpatient management which totalled up to 224 h length of stay in ward.

Conclusions

Routine POCT for influenza can potentially improve management of patients presenting with respiratory symptoms and allocation of healthcare resources. We recommend its use to be introduced in diagnostic pathways for acute respiratory illness in the paediatric population in the next winter season in all hospitals.
Defetishizing the asset form
Authors: Ouma Stefan
Published: February 2023

In response to Birch and Ward's paper, this commentary makes a call for a more systematic attempt to politicize contemporary logics of property ownership, and the extractive financial schemes based upon them. Building on earlier critiques of commodity fetishism in geography, I argue that a geographical politics of the asset form can help us defetishize and (re-)politicize the DNA of the ‘global return society’. Innovative visual methodologies play a key role in making new asset geographies public and actionable for social change.
The Flower Garden Banks Siderastrea siderea coral as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
Authors: DeLong Kristine L , Palmer Kylie , Wagner Amy J , Weerabaddana Mudith M , Slowey Niall , Herrmann Achim D , Duprey Nicolas , Martínez-García Alfredo , Jung Jonathan , Hajdas Irka , Rose Neil L , Roberts Sarah L , Roberts Lucy R , Cundy Andrew B , Gaca Pawel , Milton J Andrew , Yang Handong , Turner Simon D , Huang Chun-Yuan , Shen Chuan-Chou , Zinke Jens
Published: February 2023

The proposed Anthropocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidate site of West Flower Garden Bank (27.8762°N, 93.8147°W) is an open ocean location in the Gulf of Mexico with a submerged coral reef and few direct human impacts. Corals contain highly accurate and precise (<±1 year) internal chronologies, similar to tree rings, and their exoskeletons are formed of aragonite and can be preserved in the rock record. Here we present results from a large Siderastrea siderea coral (core 05WFGB3; 1755–2005 CE) sampled with annual and monthly resolutions that show clear markers of global and regional human impacts. Atmospheric nuclear bomb testing by-products (14C, 239+240Pu) have clear increases in this coral starting in 1957 for 14C and the first increase in 1956 for 239+240Pu (potential bases for the Anthropocene GSSP). Coral δ13C declined especially after 1956 consistent with the Suess effect resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. Coral skeletal δ15N starts to increase in 1963 corresponding with the increase in agricultural fertilizers. Coral Hg concentrations (1933–1980) loosely track fluctuations in industrial pollution and coral Ba/Ca increases from 1965–1983 when offshore oil operations expand after 1947. Coral temperature proxies contain the 20th-century global warming trend whereas coral growth declines during this interval.
Google Search and the creation of ignorance: The case of the climate crisis
Authors: Haider Jutta , Rödl Malte
Published: February 2023

The article examines the relationship between commercial search engines, using Google Search as an example, and various forms of ignorance related to climate change. It draws on concepts from the field of agnotology to explore how environmental ignorances, and specifically related to the climate crisis, are shaped at the intersection of the logics of Google Search, everyday life and civil society/politics. Ignorance refers to a multi-facetted understanding of the culturally contingent ways in which something may not be known. Two research questions are addressed: How are environmental ignorances, and in particular related to the climate crisis, shaped at the intersection of the logics of Google Search, everyday life and civil society/politics? In what ways can we conceptualise Google's role as configured into the creation of ignorances? The argument is made through four vignettes, each of which explores and illustrates how Google Search is configured into a different kind of socially produced ignorance: (1) Ignorance through information avoidance: climate anxiety; (2) Ignorance through selective choice: gaming search terms; (3) Ignorance by design: algorithmically embodied emissions; (4) Ignorance through query suggestions: directing people to data voids. The article shows that while Google Search and its underlying algorithmic and commercial logic pre-figure these ignorances, they are also co-created and co-maintained by content producers, users and other human and non-human actors, as Google Search has become integral of social practices and ideas about them. The conclusion draws attention to a new logic of ignorance that is emerging in conjunction with a new knowledge logic.
Barriers and facilitators of intuitive eating in postmenopausal women: A qualitative study
Authors: Vorlet Jeanne , Carrard Isabelle
Published: February 2023

This qualitative descriptive research explored barriers and facilitators of the intuitive eating (IE) implementation process, as experienced by six postmenopausal women classified as ‘overweight’ or ‘obese’. The data was analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis and six themes were identified. IE implementation included developing scepticism about weight loss diets, dealing with hunger and satiety cues, making nutritious food choices for one’s body, struggling with emotional eating, learning to accept one’s body and challenging weight stigma and sociocultural norms of beauty and thinness. IE allowed women to develop a more peaceful relationship with their diet, and was accepted as a welcome alternative to dieting.
Hinting at the Third Path to the Future of Data Rights: An Empirical Study of the Steemit Blockchain
Authors: Park Soyoung
Published: February 2023

Being tired of businesses exploiting user data for financial gain, individual data subjects are increasingly demanding a “fair share” of their data. Although recent policy efforts have addressed such public claims with ideas for a better deal (e.g., data dividends) or a better rule (e.g., data taxation), multiple proposals have catalyzed multiple intricacies than solutions. This article investigates the potential of an incentivized blockchain-powered social media platform as an alternative “third path” to better exercise our data rights. Drawing on Steemit, one of early blockchain social networks that pay its users for generating content, this study conducted topic modeling and content analyses to examine how ordinary users voluntarily and deliberately share aspects of themselves in their user-generated contents (UGCs) and how such “investment” was actually rewarded. Our finding suggests discreet behaviors of users in using personal details despite reward expectations. Users were more likely to share “qualified” aspects about self, such as life vision or philosophy, and personal traits than statistics-driven conventional demographic profiles. They also have implemented various privacy-aware identity strategies, characterized by the clear separation of personal and professional identities in online space. From the value standpoint, our findings reveal that the more one shares about oneself, the higher the reward and thus the realized value. The study discusses implications of this alternative technological solution for understanding data rights and privacy concerns in the context of the emerging economic layer on the platform.
An Identification of Industrial Functional Zones Based on NLP: Evidence From Online Commercial Registration Data
Authors: Ma Yuanting , Sun Yong , Weng Futian , Xu Yan
Published: February 2023

The identification of spatial layout and functional characteristics among industrial clusters is vital to support the development of regional industries. Based on the industrial registration data of more than 330,000 companies in “The First Industrial Clusters in China,” and natural language processing methods (NLP), a set of identification framework for urban industrial functional zones is constructed by introducing commercial registration data and electronic map location data to deal with complex industrial big data, realizing the recognition of industrial spatial layout and functional characteristics of Nanshan. The results show that the industrial coverage of Nanshan is as high as 79.07%, and the wholesale and retail enterprises are its main bodies. Among the nine industrial functional zones, emerging enterprises accounted for the majority and diversified agglomeration areas were more than specialized agglomerations in capital scale and employability. Thus, in future industrial planning, maintaining a diversified industrial agglomeration, while giving more policy favor to functional zones characterized by wholesale and retail, can better stimulate consumption and promote economic development in the region.
A Markov Switching Approach in Assessing Oil Price and Stock Market Nexus in the Last Decade: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Phoong Seuk Wai , Mahi Masnun Al , Phoong Seuk Yen
Published: February 2023

We revisit the oil price and stock market nexus by considering the impact of major economic shocks in the post-global financial crisis (GFC) scenario. Our breakpoint unit root test and Markov switching regression (MRS) analyses using West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price and Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) market index show that among the major economic events, the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is the most significant contributor to market volatilities. Furthermore, our MRS results show that the relationship between oil price and the stock market is regime-dependent; the stock market experiences substantial and positive shocks in a volatile oil price regime. Our results provide valuable insights to investors and policymakers regarding risk management and financial market stability during economic crisis periods, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.