bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matrix stiffening promotes a tumor vasculature phenotype
Authors: Bordeleau Francois , Mason Brooke N. , Lollis Emmanuel Macklin , Mazzola Michael , Zanotelli Matthew R. , Somasegar Sahana , Califano Joseph P. , Montague Christine , LaValley Danielle J. , Huynh John , Mencia-Trinchant Nuria , Negrón Abril Yashira L. , Hassane Duane C. , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Butcher Jonathan T. , Weiss Robert S. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A.
Published: December 2016

Significance

Dysregulation of both vascular architecture and function is a hallmark of numerous diseases, including cancer. This dysregulation is currently largely attributed to up-regulated proangiogenic growth factors. Here, we show that the stiffness of the underlying extracellular matrix also plays a central role in promoting angiogenesis and a characteristic tumor-like vasculature both in vitro and in vivo. The matrix stiffness-mediated angiogenesis is dependent on increased matrix metalloprotease activity. In addition, increased matrix cross-linking disrupts endothelial cell–cell junctional integrity and results in leakier vasculature. These results suggest that altered tissue mechanics, which are characteristic of solid tumors, directly influence vascular phenotype and, subsequently, may impair therapeutic delivery and efficacy.
Argument structure and implicational constructions at the crossroads
Authors: Peña Cervel María Sandra
Published: December 2016

On the basis of corpus data and in consonance with cognitively-oriented constructionist approaches to language, mainly the work by Goldberg (1995, 2006) and the developments in Ruiz de Mendoza and Mairal (2008, 2011), we offer a fine-grained analysis of some specific instantiations of the resultative pattern based on the prepositional phrase to death. The analysis starts off from the classification of verb classes made by Levin (1993). The verbs in some of these classes are readily available for fusion into the resultative configuration. Others call for reconstrual in terms of high-level metaphor and/or metonymy before they can conform to the requirements of the pattern mentioned above. Thus, we focus on the way in which the resultative pattern overwrites the properties of some lexical groups of verbs through the licensing activity of such cognitive mechanisms as high-level metaphor and metonymy. Additionally, the prepositional phrase to death is shown to perform two key communicative functions from among those put forward by Boas (2003): placing emphasis on an end point or rendering a vague point clear. Finally, the paper examines the hyperbolic load of the PP to death in some contexts where this PP is seen as converting an argument-structure construction into an implicational one conveying the speaker’s (usually negative) reaction to a given state of affairs.
Universal bound on the efficiency of molecular motors
Authors: Pietzonka Patrick , Barato Andre C , Seifert Udo
Published: December 2016

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides an inequality relating any mean current, the associated dispersion and the entropy production rate for arbitrary non-equilibrium steady states. Applying it here to a general model of a molecular motor running against an external force or torque, we show that the thermodynamic efficiency of such motors is universally bounded by an expression involving only experimentally accessible quantities. For motors pulling cargo through a viscous fluid, a universal bound for the corresponding Stokes efficiency follows as a variant. A similar result holds if mechanical force is used to synthesize molecules of high chemical potential. Crucially, no knowledge of the detailed underlying mechano-chemical mechanism is required for applying these bounds.
The Bessel difference equation
Authors: Bohner Martin , Cuchta Tom
Published: December 2016

We define a new difference equation analogue of the Bessel differential equation and investigate the properties of its solution, which we express using a

2

F
1

{}_2F_1

hypergeometric function. We find analogous formulas for Bessel function recurrence relations, a summation transformation which is identical to the Laplace transform of classical Bessel functions, and oscillation.
Developing strategies for predicting hyperkalemia in potassium-increasing drug-drug interactions
Authors: Eschmann Emmanuel , Beeler Patrick Emanuel , Schneemann Markus , Blaser Jürg
Published: December 2016

Objective: To compare different strategies predicting hyperkalemia (serum potassium level ≥5.5 mEq/l) in hospitalized patients for whom medications triggering potassium-increasing drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were ordered.

Materials and Methods: We investigated 5 strategies that combined prediction triggered at onset of DDI versus continuous monitoring and taking into account an increasing number of patient parameters. The considered patient parameters were identified using generalized additive models, and the thresholds of the prediction strategies were calculated by applying Youden’s J statistic to receiver operation characteristic curves. Half of the data served as the calibration set, half as the validation set.

Results: We identified 132 incidences of hyperkalemia induced by 8413 potentially severe potassium-increasing DDIs among 76 467 patients. The positive predictive value (PPV) of those strategies predicting hyperkalemia at the onset of DDI ranged from 1.79% (undifferentiated anticipation of hyperkalemia due to the DDI) to 3.02% (additionally considering the baseline serum potassium) and 3.10% (including further patient parameters). Continuous monitoring significantly increased the PPV to 8.25% (considering the current serum potassium) and 9.34% (additional patient parameters).

Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of the risk for hyperkalemia based on current potassium level shows a better predictive power than predictions triggered at the onset of DDI. This contrasts with efforts to improve DDI alerts by taking into account more patient parameters at the time of ordering.
High-Performing Windowfarm Hydroponic System: Transcriptomes of Fresh Produce and Microbial Communities in Response to Beneficial Bacterial Treatment
Authors: Lee Seungjun , An Ruisheng , Grewal Parwinder , Yu Zhongtang , Borherova Zuzana , Lee Jiyoung
Published: December 2016

Beneficial microorganisms play an important role in enhancing plant health, especially by promoting resistance to plant pathogen infection. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of such protection by i) examining the responses of fresh produce (lettuce) to beneficial treatments in their transcriptomes, ii) comparing biological (bacteria, fungi, and oomycete) communities and their diversity when treated with Pseudomonas chlororaphis (beneficial bacterium) in windowfarm hydroponic systems, and iii) identifying the microorganisms in root areas and water. P. chlororaphis treatment was for increasing plant growth and fighting for Pythium ultimum infection. In addition, two more treatments were conducted: i) adding supporting media for increasing bacterial colonizing areas around roots and ii) UV irradiation in water for controlling nuisance biofilm buildup. Changes in gene regulation and expression in lettuce in response to these treatments were investigated. Comparisons of microbial profiles among the treatments and microbial identification were conducted using samples of supporting media (around roots) and water. The results demonstrated that i) P. chlororaphis enhanced lettuce growth, ii) P. chlororaphis–treated lettuce showed dominantly expressed genes for membrane, catalytic activity, cellular process, and metabolic process categories, iii) P. chlororaphis treatment induced genes related to growth promotion and defense pathways, and iv) the microbial community of the root area was affected significantly by P. chlororaphis treatment and microbial diversity in water was significantly changed by UV irradiation. This study provided insight into how beneficial treatments affects the fresh produce growth in root areas and water in a vertical hydroponic system.
The importance of nutrition in critically ill patients
Authors: Maday Kristopher R.
Published: December 2016

Metabolic and physiologic changes during critical illness can be protective mechanisms for hospitalized patients but increases their risk for malnutrition. Clinicians must assess patients' nutritional status during acute illness and determine their need for nutritional support. By understanding the physiologic changes and patients' metabolic adaptations to stress, clinicians can choose the appropriate assessment tool and type of nutritional support needed to improve outcomes in critically ill patients.
A woman with a midurethral sling and bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Nelson Jessica , Zimmern Phillipe
Published: December 2016

A midurethral sling is a common procedure for stress urinary incontinence in women. Tensioning of the tape used for the sling is an art, and overtensioning during surgery can lead to obstructive symptoms. A patient with new onset of lower urinary tract symptoms after sling surgery should be evaluated for possible voiding dysfunction. Sling incision does not always correct the obstruction and excision may be needed.
Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1-dependent Nuclear Factor-E2–related Factor 2 Activation in Relation to Antioxidation Induced by Sevoflurane Preconditioning
Authors: Cai Min , Tong Li , Dong Beibei , Hou Wugang , Shi Likai , Dong Hailong
Published: December 2016

Background

The authors have reported that antioxidative effects play a crucial role in the volatile anesthetic-induced neuroprotection. Accumulated evidence shows that endogenous antioxidation could be up-regulated by nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 through multiple pathways. However, whether nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 activation is modulated by sevoflurane preconditioning and, if so, what is the signaling cascade underlying upstream of this activation are still unknown.

Methods

Sevoflurane preconditioning in mice was performed with sevoflurane (2.5%) 1 h per day for five consecutive days. Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Expression of nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, manganese superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin-1, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinolone oxidoreductase-1 was detected (n = 6). The antioxidant activities and oxidative product expression were also examined. To determine the role of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 inhibition-dependent nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 activation in sevoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection, the kelch-like ECH–associated protein 1-nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 signal was modulated by nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 knockout, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 overexpression lentivirus, and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 deficiency small interfering RNA (n = 8). The infarct volume, neurologic scores, and cellular apoptosis were assessed.

Results

Sevoflurane preconditioning elicited neuroprotection and increased nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 nuclear translocation, which in turn up-regulated endogenous antioxidation and reduced oxidative injury. Sevoflurane preconditioning reduced kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression. Nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 ablation abolished neuroprotection and reversed sevoflurane preconditioning by mediating the up-regulation of antioxidants. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 overexpression reversed nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 up-regulation and abolished the neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane preconditioning. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 small interfering RNA administration improved nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 expression and the outcome of mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Conclusions

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 down-regulation–dependent nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 activation underlies the ability of sevoflurane preconditioning to activate the endogenous antioxidant response, which elicits its neuroprotection.
NICU Nurses and Lactation-Based Support and Care
Authors: Froh Elizabeth , Dahlmeier Katherine , Spatz Diane L.
Published: December 2016

Background:

The provision of human milk and breastfeeding is essential in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population. However, recent national research has demonstrated very low percentages of NICU nurses providing lactation-based support and care to patients and families, and less than half of all NICUs have an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) on staff.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe how NICU bedside nurses are providing lactation-based support and care during their shifts and the frequency of that support. The secondary aim was to gain an understanding of the NICU nurses' attitudes toward human milk and breastfeeding.

Methods:

Through a prospective descriptive cohort design, the authors of this study created and disseminated a web-based survey (SurveyMonkey) of 21 questions including the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) to a Northeastern urban hospital staff of bedside nurses.

Results:

A total of 140 of the 389 eligible NICU bedside nurses responded to the survey. Between 50.7% and 72.9% of nurses reported to providing lactation-based support and care during the previous shift worked and during the previous week worked, respectively. The participants' responses to the IIFAS resulted in an overall score of 69.1, indicating an attitude of “positive to breastfeeding.”

Implications for Practice:

The study demonstrates that the majority provide lactation-based support and care on every shift and hold very positive attitudes toward the provision of human milk and breastfeeding. Hospitals should be encouraged to promote educational and training programs in their respective institutions.

Implications for Research:

Researchers should examine NICU nurses' attitudes and beliefs about human milk and breastfeeding on a national scale.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors During Pregnancy: An Observational Study
Authors: Pogliani Laura , Falvella Felicia S. , Cattaneo Dario , Pileri Paola , Moscatiello Anna F. , Cheli Stefania , Baldelli Sara , Fabiano Valentina , Cetin Irene , Clementi Emilio , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
Published: December 2016

Background:

An involvement of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in increasing the risk of malformations, neonatal withdrawal syndrome, has been suggested recently. Here, we aimed to investigate the contribution of individual pharmacogenetics of SSRI on infants' outcome. We also estimated the umbilical/maternal plasma SSRI concentration ratio in the pregnant women still on SSRI therapy at the time of delivery.

Methods:

Thirty-four pregnant women, referred to our hospital from January 2011 to July 2015, who were given SSRIs in the third trimester, and related children, were considered. The umbilical/maternal plasma SSRI concentration ratio was estimated in 15 mothers still on SSRI therapy at the time of delivery. For patients with pharmacokinetic analyses, blood samples were collected for pharmacogenetic analyses.

Results:

Nineteen newborns presented clinical signs possibly related to drug toxicity. A high umbilical/maternal plasma ratio of SSRI was observed in 10 of the 15 evaluated newborns. Five mothers were intermediate metabolizers and 1 a poor metabolizer for the major CYP enzyme involved in pharmacokinetic pathway.

Conclusions:

Individualized psychopharmacologic treatment that takes into account the mother's exposure to SSRI concentrations and eventually her genetic background may become the standard of care to maximize drug benefit and minimize risks to the newborn.
Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces for the Treatment of Postamputation Neuroma Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Woo Shoshana L. , Kung Theodore A. , Brown David L. , Leonard James A. , Kelly Brian M. , Cederna Paul S.
Published: December 2016

Background:

Originally designed for prosthetic control, regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) prevent neuroma formation by providing free muscle grafts as physiological targets for peripheral nerve ingrowth. We report the first series of patients undergoing RPNI implantation for treatment of symptomatic postamputation neuromas.

Methods:

A retrospective case series of all amputees undergoing RPNI implantation for treatment of symptomatic neuromas between November 2013 and June 2015 is presented. Data were obtained via chart review and phone interviews using questions derived from the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System instruments. Statistical analyses were performed using dependent sample t tests with a significance threshold of P < 0.01.

Results:

Forty-six RPNIs were implanted into 16 amputees for neuroma relief (3 upper extremities and 14 lower extremities). Mean age was 53.5 years (6 females and 10 males). All patients participated in postoperative phone interviews at 7.5 ± 3.4 (range: 3–15) months. Patients reported a 71% reduction in neuroma pain and a 53% reduction in phantom pain. Most patients felt satisfied or highly satisfied with RPNI surgery (75%), reporting decreased (56%) or stable (44%) levels of analgesic use. Most patients would strongly recommend RPNI surgery to a friend (88%) and would do it again if given the option (94%). Complications included delayed wound healing (n = 4) and neuroma pain at a different site (n = 2).

Conclusions:

RPNI implantation carries a reasonable complication profile while offering a simple, effective treatment for symptomatic neuromas. Most patients report a significant reduction in neuroma and phantom pain with a high level of satisfaction. The physiological basis for preventing neuroma recurrence is an intriguing benefit to this approach.
BILATERAL CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONS IN A YOUNG PATIENT WITH A HISTORY OF EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA AND THALAMIC STROKE
Authors: Yu Gina , Sun Peng , van Zyl Tavé , Tandias Rachel , Arroyo Jorge G.
Published: December 2016

Purpose:

To describe a case of a central retinal vein occlusion in a young patient with a history of eosinophilic pneumonia.

Methods:

A retrospective case report of a 45-year-old woman with acute painless vision loss for 9 days after multiple episodes of eosinophilic pneumonia and thalamic stroke. Fluorescein angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and clinical examination were performed. She was then treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and pan-retinal photocoagulations.

Results:

Retinal examination revealed tortuosity and dilatation of all branches of the central retinal vein and flame-shaped hemorrhages in all four quadrants of the right eye associated with cystoid macular edema, optic disc edema, and cotton wool spots. The left eye had mild venous dilatation and tortuosity with a few dot retinal hemorrhages in the far temporal periphery. The cystoid macular edema resolved after one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and remained resolved at the most recent follow-up. Fluorescein angiography at the most recent follow-up revealed vasculitis in the far periphery of the nontreated eye.

Conclusion:

Central retinal vein occlusion in young patients is a rare condition often presenting as a manifestation of an underlying inflammatory or hematological disorder. Combined anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and pan-retinal photocoagulation may have resolved the associated cystoid macular edema in this case, although continued observation is necessary.
Revision Posterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery
Authors: Fanelli Gregory C. , Fanelli Matthew G. , Fanelli David G.
Published: December 2016

Successful posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction surgery results from identification and treatment of associated pathology such as posterolateral instability, posteromedial instability, and lower extremity malalignment. The use of strong graft material, properly placed tunnels to as closely as possible approximate the PCL insertion sites, and minimization of graft bending also enhance the probability of PCL reconstruction success. In addition, mechanical graft tensioning, primary and back-up PCL graft fixation, and the appropriate postoperative rehabilitation program are also necessary ingredients for PCL reconstruction success. Both single-bundle and double-bundle PCL reconstruction surgical techniques are successful when evaluated with stress radiography, KT 1000 arthrometer measurements, and knee ligament rating scales. PCL reconstruction failure may result when any or all of these surgical principles are violated. The purpose of this manuscript was to discuss revision PCL surgery. This presentation will include causes of unsuccessful PCL reconstruction, surgical indications and goals, patient evaluation, surgical decision making, graft selection, surgical technique, associated surgical procedures, postoperative rehabilitation, and revision PCL reconstruction results.
Failure of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Andriolo Luca , Merli Giulia , Filardo Giuseppe , Marcacci Maurilio , Kon Elizaveta
Published: December 2016

Long-term results of autologous chondrocyte implantation and matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation in the knee are satisfying, but not enough attention has been paid to the evaluation of failures. Thus, a systematic review of the literature was performed, underlining a failure rate in the 58 included articles of 14.9% among 4294 patients, most of them occurring in the first 5 years after surgery, and with no difference between autologous chondrocyte implantation and matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Failures are very heterogenously defined in the current literature. A widely accepted definition is needed, and a comprehensive definition taking into consideration the patient’s perception of the outcome, not just the surgeon’s or researcher’s point of view, would be advisable. Finally, there is no agreement on the most appropriate treatment of failures, and further studies are needed to give better indications to properly manage patients failed after cartilage procedures.

Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Preoperative Planning for ACL Revision Surgery
Authors: Osti Leonardo , Buda Matteo , Osti Raffaella , Massari Leo , Maffulli Nicola
Published: December 2016

The number of patients undergoing revision surgery following failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has increased over the recent past, following the overall increased number of primary ACL reconstruction performed. Failure of primary ACL reconstruction can be attributed to technical errors, biological failures, or new traumatic injuries. Technical errors include femoral and/or tibial tunnels malposition, untreated associated ligaments insufficiencies, uncorrected lower limb malalignment, and graft fixation failures. Candidates for revision surgery should be carefully selected, and the success of ACL revision requires precise preoperative planning to obtain successful results. Preoperative planning begins with the analysis of the mechanisms of ACL reconstruction failure, and information regarding previous surgery, such as the type of graft implanted, and the position of existing hardware. Appropriate imaging is necessary to evaluate the position of the femoral and tibial tunnels, and abnormal tunnel widening. On the basis of clinical examination and imaging, surgeon can perform an ACL revision procedure in 1 or 2 stages.
Effects of aerobic exercise on pain sensitivity, heart rate recovery, and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Öte Karaca Şeyda , Demirsoy Nesrin , Günendi Zafer
Published: December 2016

We aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on pain perception, sensitivity, and health-related quality of life; to assess its effect on parasympathetic tonus by analysis of heart rate recovery; and to examine the effects of parasympathetic tone on pain sensitivity in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Fifty patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain were randomized into two groups: control group (C group) and aerobic exercise group (AE group). Both groups received conventional physical therapy for 2 weeks; the AE group performed submaximal aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 30 min additionally. Exercise test, pressure-pain threshold measurement, short form-36, and visual analog scale were administered initially and finally for evaluation. Visual analog scale scores in both groups decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.001). Pressure-pain threshold sum increased significantly in the AE group, remaining unchanged in the C group. Increase in exercise test duration was significant in the AE group compared with the C group (P=0.0002). Heart rate recovery did not change with therapy in the groups. For short form-36, the AE group showed alterations in role limitations because of physical problems and general health perceptions; both groups showed a significant improvement in the physical function and bodily pain subscales, but mental health significantly improved only in C group. Short-term aerobic exercise along with conventional physical therapy decreased pain sensitivity and increased aerobic capacity, with significant improvements in health-related quality of life.
Manner of Death Determination in Fire Fatalities
Authors: Esen Melez İpek , Arslan Murat Nihat , Melez Deniz Oguzhan , Gürler Ahmet Selçuk , Büyük Yalçin
Published: December 2016

Death resulting from burns is an important social problem and a frequent accident. However, because approximately 10% of cases are estimated to result from a fire that was deliberately started, all fire-related deaths should be treated as suspicious, and the cause of a fire should be investigated. For the bodies recovered from the scene of a fire, the manner of death could also be suicide or homicide. The objective of this study was to contribute to the clarification of controversial data present in the literature on the manner of death determination of fire-related deaths, through evaluation of autopsy findings of bodies recovered from fires. We reviewed 20,135 autopsies performed in a 5-year period, in Istanbul, as the whole autopsy data of the city and found 133 fire-related deaths. The death scene investigation reports and other judicial documents, autopsy findings, and toxicological analysis results were evaluated to determine the parameters of age, sex, level of the burn, vital signs [red flare; soot in the lower respiratory tract, esophagus, and/or stomach; and screening of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood], toxicological substances, presence of accelerants, cause of death, and manner of death. The manner of death was determined to be an accident in 98 (73.7%) and homicide in 12 (9%) cases, whereas there was no suicide. In addition, it could not be determined in 23 (17.2%) cases. In accidental deaths, the most frequent cause of death was COHb poisoning with statistically significant blood COHb levels greater than 10%. Further, the presence of soot in the lower respiratory tract, esophagus, and/or stomach and the existence of at least 1 or 2 vital signs together were found to be valid deterministic criteria with statistical significance in terms of identifying the manner of death.
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Management of Minimally Displaced or Nondisplaced Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures in Children
Authors: Haillotte Gregory , Bachy Manon , Delpont Marion , Kabbaj Reda , Ducou le Pointe Hubert , Vialle Raphaël
Published: December 2016

Objectives

Fractures of the lateral humeral condyle are common in children. Nondisplaced fractures are managed with cast immobilization and frequent radiographic follow-up. Possibility of assessing the displacement and stability of such fractures may be helpful in planning the initial treatment and survey. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be a useful tool in determining the stability of lateral condyle in children. We propose to investigate the use of MRI in such indication.

Methods

Fourteen patients presenting with a minimally displaced or nondisplaced fracture were initially treated with a long arm cast and had an MRI within 5 days of injury.

Results

The MRI showed that 10 patients had an incomplete fracture without disruption of the cartilage hinge and 4 patients had a complete fracture with extension of the fracture through the cartilaginous epiphysis into the elbow joint. Three patients with such complete fracture had no evidence of lateral condyle displacement on MRI, and 1 patient had a displacement of the lateral condyle. The patients with incomplete fractures had a conservative treatment. The patient with a complete and displaced fracture had an open reduction and internal fixation. The 3 patients with a complete fracture and no evidence of lateral condyle displacement on MRI had a control MRI, 6 to 10 days after cast application, to detect a secondary displacement of the fracture.

Conclusions

Because it seems difficult in minimally displaced or nondisplaced fractures to detect further displacement with radiographs, MRI was found mandatory to improve complete fracture visualization during the first phase of conservative treatment. In incomplete fractures, initial MRI investigation was consistent with a stable fracture and avoided further early radiographs or clinical survey. In such cases, we recommend a conservative treatment with late radiographs after long arm cast removal. We propose MRI routine use in the early evaluation of minimally displaced or nondisplaced lateral condyle fractures in children.
Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Yamamoto Loren G.
Published: December 2016

Group A streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacterial etiologies of skin and soft tissue infections that range in virulence from very mild to limb/life threatening. Antibiotic coverage recommendations are varying and subject to controversy. Antibiotic resistance patterns are evolving with many different biochemical mechanisms. Rapid bacterial identification using mass spectrometry is on the horizon. Therapeutic considerations should include cost and adherence issues.
Return of Viable Cardiac Function After Sonographic Cardiac Standstill in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Steffen Katherine , Thompson W. Reid , Pustavoitau Aliaksei , Su Erik
Published: December 2016

Sonographic cardiac standstill during adult cardiac arrest is associated with failure to get return to spontaneous circulation. This report documents 3 children whose cardiac function returned after standstill with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation. Sonographic cardiac standstill may not predict cardiac death in children.
Drop the Knife and Pick Up the Transducer
Authors: Subramaniam Sathyaseelan , Tejani Nooruddin , Secko Michael
Published: December 2016

Ultrasound has a diagnostic and procedural role when managing breast abscesses. We present the case of an adolescent girl diagnosed with a breast abscess with point-of-care ultrasound who subsequently underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration as a form of definitive management.
Baseline Vitamin D Deficiency Decreases the Effectiveness of Statins in HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Hileman Corrilynn O. , Tangpricha Vin , Sattar Abdus , McComsey Grace A.
Published: December 2016

Objective:

Vitamin D deficiency is common in HIV. Statins may increase vitamin D, and it is unknown whether vitamin D modifies the effect of statins on cardiovascular disease.

Design:

SATURN-HIV was a 96-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on immune activation and subclinical vascular disease in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy. This analysis focuses on the prespecified secondary endpoint 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.

Methods:

Mixed effects linear modeling and analysis of variance were used to assess the rosuvastatin effect on plasma 25(OH)D concentrations over time and to determine whether baseline vitamin D modifies the rosuvastatin effect on changes in outcomes over the trial.

Results:

Hundred forty-seven adults were randomized (72 to rosuvastatin and 75 to placebo); 78% were men, 68% African American, with a mean age of 45 years. Baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were similar (overall mean 18 ng/mL) with 65% of participants below 20 ng/mL. Changes in 25(OH)D at 96 weeks were small and not significant within- or between-rosuvastatin and placebo groups. There were significant group by vitamin D status interactions for changes in low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, proportion of patrolling monocytes expressing tissue factor (CD14dimCD16+TF+), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and common carotid artery intima media thickness at most time points. For each of these outcomes, the beneficial effects of rosuvastatin were either not apparent or attenuated in participants with 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL.

Conclusions:

Although 25(OH)D did not change with rosuvastatin, baseline vitamin D deficiency decreased the effectiveness of rosuvastatin. Vitamin D supplementation may be warranted for deficient patients initiating statin therapy.
Metagenomic Characteristics of Bacterial Response to Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination in Diverse Environments as Revealed by Functional Taxonomic Strategies
Authors: Mukherjee Arghya , Chettri Bobby , Langpoklakpam James S. , Basak Pijush , Prasad Aravind , Mukherjee Ashis K. , Bhattacharyya Maitree , Singh Arvind K. , Chattopadhyay Dhrubajyoti
Published: December 2016

Microbial remediation of oil polluted habitats remains one of the foremost methods for restoration of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated environments. The development of effective bioremediation strategies however, require an extensive understanding of the resident microbiome of these habitats. Recent developments such as high-throughput sequencing has greatly facilitated the advancement of microbial ecological studies in oil polluted habitats. However, effective interpretation of biological characteristics from these large datasets remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we have implemented recently developed bioinformatic tools for analyzing 65 publicly available 16S rRNA datasets from 12 diverse hydrocarbon polluted habitats to decipher metagenomic characteristics of bacterial communities of the same. We have comprehensively described phylogenetic and functional compositions of these habitats and additionally inferred a multitude of metagenomic features including 255 taxa and 414 functional modules which can be used as biomarkers for effective distinction between the 12 oil polluted sites. We have identified essential metabolic signatures and also showed that significantly over-represented taxa often contribute to either or both, hydrocarbon degradation and additional important functions. Our findings reveal significant differences between hydrocarbon contaminated sites and establishes the importance of endemic factors in addition to petroleum hydrocarbons as driving factors for sculpting hydrocarbon contaminated bacteriomes.
Rab5-mediated Yolk Cell Endocytosis modulates Zebrafish Epiboly Biomechanics and Tissue Movements
Authors: Marsal Maria , Hernández-Vega Amayra , Pouille Philippe-Alexandre , Martin-Blanco Enrique
Published: December 2016

Morphogenetic processes demand the coordinated allocation of cells and tissues to their final destination in a spatio-temporal controlled way. Identifying how these morphogenetic movements are directed and implemented is essential for understanding morphogenesis. Topographical and scalar differences in adhesion and contractility within and between cells are essential, yet, the role that membrane remodeling may play remains less clear. To clarify how surface turnover and dynamics may modulate tissue arrangements we studied epiboly in the zebrafish. During epiboly the blastoderm expands as a result of an asymmetry of mechanical tension along the embryo surface. In this scenario, we found that the membrane removal by macropinocytosis of the external yolk cell syncytial layer (E-YSL) ahead of the blastoderm is key for epiboly progression In early zebrafish embryos, the activity of the GTPase Rab5ab was essential for endocytosis, and interference in its expression exclusively in the yolk cell resulted in the reduction of yolk cell actomyosin contractility, the disruption of cortical and internal yolk flows, a disequilibrium in force balance and as a result epiboly impairment. We conclude that regulated membrane remodeling is crucial for directing cell and tissue mechanics and coordinating morphogenetic movements during epiboly.
Mining and livelihood: a microanalysis in Odisha, India
Authors: Sahoo Minati , Mohapatra Dharmabrata , Sahoo Dukhabandhu
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of mining on the livelihood of the inhabitants of Keonjhar district in Odisha, through creation of physical and financial capital using the sustainable livelihoods framework.

Design/methodology/approach

Principal component analysis technique and discriminant analysis were used to assess the impact of mining on the financial capital. A cross-tabulation analysis with χ2-test has also been carried out to find its impact on physical capital.

Findings

The study reveals that though iron ore mining helps in the augmentation of financial capital of the households, its impact on physical capital is mixed. Households in mining villages enjoy higher average annual and per capita income than those in nonmining villages. There is also a significant difference in the financial capital index of mining and nonmining villages. Even owning of physical assets like TV and motorcycle is significantly higher in mining villages than its nonmining counterparts. But mining has failed to develop the infrastructural facilities and has rendered most of the agricultural land uncultivated.

Originality/value

It is difficult to sustain the benefits arising out of mining over long run due to its finite life span and calls for policy interventions that can lead to sustainable livelihood to the local inhabitants.
Embedding new clinical practices: the role of facilitation in enhancing web-based training for mental health providers
Authors: Kauth Michael R. , Adler Geri , McCandless Stephen J. , Leopolous Wendy S.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

External facilitation has been shown to increase the implementation and aid sustainment of new clinical practices. The purpose of this paper is to describe the addition of facilitation to web-based training on dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills to promote adoption of this intervention among diverse mental health providers at US Veterans Health Administration facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 41 participants completed six web-based modules and met in two groups monthly over nine months by telephone with a facilitator who was also an experienced DBT skills group therapist. All participants agreed to conduct a DBT skills group as part of training. The facilitators employed a variety of engagement strategies to meet the evolving needs of participants during the training period. Participants completed an online evaluation of the modules and their facilitation experience at six weeks post-training and responded to an e-mail query at five months post-training about conducting a DBT group.

Findings

Overall, participants found the training and monthly interprofessional calls with the facilitator useful. Five months post-training, 33 of 41 participants reported conducting a DBT skills group, thus improving access to this intervention. Participants said the biggest barrier to training was finding time during clinic hours to complete the modules, despite assurances of support from local leaders.

Originality/value

This project provides evidence that virtual facilitation enhances training and promotes the adoption of new clinical practices.
Building professional capital within a 21st century learning framework
Authors: Tong Wanda , Razniak Agnes
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze current literature on building professional capital, interpreted through the lens of Alberta educators. Through reflections on their field experiences, the authors aim to provide leaders with realistic strategies for developing professional capital, that rely on effective collaborative leadership, professional development (PD), and adult learning. These strategies can be incorporated in a variety of individualized school contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are interpreted from literature to inform the inquiry into professional capital, focusing on defining effective strategies for attaining professional capital within publicly funded schools in the province of Alberta.

Findings

Insights are provided for school-based leaders in developing strategies to build professional capital as a means of twenty-first century skill attainment, which includes the transformation from a traditional mindset to innovative teaching and learning practices. Three important elements emerged from the literature review for educational leaders to consider in developing effective professional capital: collaborative leadership, PD, and adult learning.

Research limitations/implications

Lack of time and funding are most frequently reported as obstacles to implementing professional capital in schools. A number of effective strategies are presented to assist school-based leaders in tackling these hindrances.

Originality/value

In building professional capital, including human, social, and decisional capital effectively, leaders may embark on incorporating the three focal elements presented in this paper, with an awareness of their staff’s strengths, needs, and pedagogies.
Changing demographics, changing practices: teacher learning in new immigrant destinations
Authors: Lowenhaupt Rebecca , Reeves Todd D.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Changing immigration patterns in the USA have led to a growing number of “new immigrant destinations.” In these contexts, opportunities for teacher learning are crucial for developing the school capacity to serve the academic, linguistic and socio-cultural needs of immigrant students. In response, the purpose of this paper is to examine how schools in Wisconsin provided both formal and informal teacher learning opportunities to develop the instructional capacity to support recent immigrants, specifically Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs).

Design/methodology/approach

Using descriptive analyses of teacher and administrator survey and interview data, this study examined the focus and within-school distribution of formal professional development, as well as teacher collaboration as a mechanism for informal learning.

Findings

Most commonly, professional development focused on concrete strategies teachers might enact in their classrooms, rather than developing broader understandings of the needs of immigrant students. In addition, formal professional development commonly targeted particular groups of teachers, rather than faculty as a whole. Finally, general education-ELL teacher collaboration was most often deployed “as needed” and focused on particular student needs, rather than systematically.

Research limitations/implications

Future work might address the limitations of this study by examining teacher learning opportunities in new immigrant destinations in other locales, the quality and effectiveness of such opportunities, and other mechanisms for the distribution of expertise.

Originality/value

Findings suggest the need for more systematic and integrated approaches to teacher learning in new immigrant destinations, with an emphasis on pushing beyond the short-term need for instructional strategies to develop more holistic, collaborative approaches to integrating ELLs into schools and classrooms.
Autonomy, professionalism, and the role of generation in professional capital
Authors: Stone-Johnson Corrie
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe how teachers’ generational interpretative frameworks influence their career experiences and to demonstrate how these generational differences impact the power of professional capital to improve teaching and learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper utilizes data from a multi-year, mixed methods study of mid-career teachers in Massachusetts. Data in this paper come from semi-structured interviews with 12 Generation X teachers (born 1961-1980).

Findings

Generation X teachers have a unique self-image, self-esteem, task perception, job motivation, and future perspective that form their generational interpretative framework. This framework is different from that of the prior generation.

Originality/value

These generational differences have implications for how Generation X teachers view professionalism and autonomy and how they see their careers over time. Drawing upon Hargreaves and Fullan’s (2012) suggestions for school leaders, three implications are highlighted. First, a model of professional capital that incorporates teachers’ generational differences must be aware of how teachers view their work before engaging in changing it. This implication ties directly into the second, which is that leaders must know their teachers and understand the culture in which they work. Together, these two implications suggest that implementing a model of professional capital is not enough; it must begin with deliberate thought as to who the teachers are who are being asked to change. Finally, to secure leadership stability and sustainability, leaders must respect generational differences that influence teachers’ desires to move, or not move, into formal leadership roles.
Bacterial resistance in sanitary sewage sludge in different treatment systems
Authors: Lopes Thiara Reis , Periotto Fernando , Pletsch Adelmo Lowe
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the occurrence and risk of dispersion in the environment of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms from sanitary sewage sludge produced in two conventional wastewater treatment systems adopted in the West of the State of Paraná, Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach

The sludge samples were collected for three months from two wastewater treatment plants, totaling six sample points, and sent to the laboratory where the physical-chemical and biological determinations were performed.

Findings

This work made possible to find that the sludge produced in the sewage treatment plants presents potential risks related to the spread of microorganisms due to the occurrence of resistant isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. It was also possible to detect that the largest concentrations of metal ions in the sludge favored the occurrence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The occurrence of pathogens, heavy metals and other emerging pollutants in sewage indicates that the sludge requires proper treatment, to provide safe agricultural reuse or disposal.

Practical implications

The techniques applied for monitoring sludge were effective to check the risk of resistant microorganisms input into the environment. Studies concerning sewage treatment plants’ final effluents can bring additional data about the incorporation of such microorganisms into aquatic environments.

Originality/value

The results made possible to observe the need to provide post-treatment for the sludge, especially of the sludge obtained from the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor, since the removal of pathogens, as well as the nutrients, is not satisfactory.