bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Paschenβabsorption in the atmosphere of KELT-9 b
Authors: Sánchez-López A. , Lin L. , Snellen I. A. G. , Casasayas-Barris N. , García Muñoz A. , Lampón M. , López-Puertas M.
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen and helium transmission signals trace the upper atmospheres of hot gas-giant exoplanets, where the incoming stellar extreme ultraviolet and X-ray fluxes are deposited. Further, for the hottest stars, the near-ultraviolet excitation of hydrogen in the Balmer continuum may play a dominant role in controlling the atmospheric temperature and driving photoevaporation. KELT-9 b is the archetypal example of such an environment as it is the hottest gas-giant exoplanet known to date (Teq ∼ 4500 K) and orbits an A0V-type star. Studies of the upper atmosphere and escaping gas of this ultra-hot Jupiter have targeted the absorption in the Balmer series of hydrogen (n1= 2 →n2> 2). Unfortunately, the lowermost metastable helium state that causes the triplet absorption at 1083 Å is not sufficiently populated for detection. This is due to the low extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray fluxes from the host star, and to its high near-ultraviolet flux, which depopulates this metastable state. Here, we present evidence of hydrogen absorption in the Paschen series in the transmission spectrum of KELT-9 b observed with the high-resolution spectrograph CARMENES. Specifically, we focus on the strongest line covered by its near-infrared channel, Paβat 12 821.6 Å (n1= 3 →n2= 5). The observed absorption shows a contrast of (0.53−0.13+0.12)%, a blueshift of −14.8−3.2+3.5km s−1, and a full width at half maximum of 31.9−8.3+11.8km s−1. The observed blueshift in the absorption feature could be explained by day-to-night circulation within the gravitationally bound atmosphere or, alternatively, by Paβabsorption originating in a tail of escaping gas moving toward the observer as a result of extreme atmospheric evaporation. This detection opens a new window for investigating the atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters, providing additional constraints of their temperature structure, mass-loss rates, and dynamics for future modeling of their scorching atmospheres.
Structure and evolution of ultra-massive white dwarfs in general relativity
Authors: Althaus Leandro G. , Camisassa María E. , Torres Santiago , Battich Tiara , Córsico Alejandro H. , Rebassa-Mansergas Alberto , Raddi Roberto
Published: September 2022

Context. Ultra-massive white dwarfs (M⋆ ≳ 1.05 M⊙) are of utmost importance in view of the role they play in type Ia supernovae explosions, merger events, the existence of high-magnetic -field white dwarfs, and the physical processes in the super asymptotic giant branch phase.

Aims. We aim to present the first set of constant rest-mass ultra-massive oxygen-neon white dwarf cooling tracks with masses of M⋆ >  1.29 M⊙ which fully take into account the effects of general relativity on their structural and evolutionary properties.

Methods. We computed the full evolution sequences of 1.29, 1.31, 1.33, 1.35, and 1.369 M⊙ white dwarfs with the La Plata stellar evolution code, LPCODE. For this work, the standard equations of stellar structure and evolution have been modified to include the effects of general relativity. Specifically, the fully general relativistic partial differential equations governing the evolution of a spherically symmetric star are solved in a way so that they resemble the standard Newtonian equations of stellar structure. For comparison purposes, the same sequences have been computed for the Newtonian case.

Results. According to our calculations, the evolutionary properties of the most massive white dwarfs are strongly modified by general relativity effects. In particular, the resulting stellar radius is markedly smaller in the general relativistic case, being up to 25% smaller than predicted by the Newtonian treatment for the more massive ones. We find that oxygen-neon white dwarfs more massive than 1.369 M⊙ become gravitationally unstable with respect to general relativity effects. When core chemical distribution due to phase separation on crystallization is considered, such instability occurs at somewhat lower stellar masses, ≳1.36 M⊙. In addition, cooling times for the most massive white dwarf sequences are about a factor of two smaller than in the Newtonian case at advanced stages of evolution. Finally, a sample of white dwarfs have been identified as ideal candidates to test these general relativistic effects.

Conclusions. We conclude that the general relativity effects should be taken into account for an accurate assessment of the structural and evolutionary properties of the most massive white dwarfs. These new ultra-massive white dwarf models constitute a considerable improvement over those computed in the framework of the standard Newtonian theory of stellar interiors.
Postpartale Depressionen bei Frauen mit
Einwanderungsgeschichte
Authors: Khan Mariam , Burckhardt Marion
Published: September 2022

Postnatale Depressionen sind eine starke Belastung für die betroffenen
Frauen. Bei Frauen, die etwa aus ihrem Herkunftsland geflüchtet sind,
kommen oft erschwerende Faktoren wie erlebte traumatische Erfahrungen oder
Sprachbarrieren hinzu. Diese systematische Übersichtsarbeit stellt die
gegenwärtige Studienlage zu diesem Thema dar, zeigt, wie Frauen mit
Einwanderungsgeschichte postpartale Depressionen erleben, und leitet daraus
Handlungsempfehlungen für Unterstützungsangebote ab.
Rectovaginal Fistula Management in Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Lussiez Alisha , Nardos Rahel , Lowry Ann
Published: September 2022

Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is an abnormal connection between the rectum and vagina that affects women globally. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), RVF is most commonly due to obstetric complications such as prolonged labor or perineal tears, female genital mutilation and trauma such as sexual violence or iatrogenic surgical injuries. Women affected by this condition suffer from debilitating physical symptoms, social isolation, economic disempowerment, psychological trauma, low self-esteem, and loss of role fulfillment. Lack of accessible, high-quality, and effective healthcare is a major barrier to timely and safe obstetric care and to care for subsequent complications such as RVF. Additionally, social, cultural, financial, and systemic barriers put women at risk of acquiring fistula and contribute to delays in seeking and receiving care. Literature evaluating RVF repair in those able to access care offers limited information about management and outcomes. It is difficult to ascertain which surgical techniques are used. To reduce the burden of this often-preventable disease, appropriate investment in healthcare infrastructure to strengthen maternal care in LMICs is paramount. Furthermore, more standardized reporting of severity and treatment approach along with outcome data are critical to improving the quality of care for patients impacted by RVF.
Successful Resolution of Refractory Post-tubercular Ileocecal Stricture by Lumen Apposing Metal Stent
Authors: Rana Surinder S. , Gupta Rajesh
Published: September 2022

Tuberculosis is one of the common causes of benign small bowel obstruction and endoscopic management mainly relies on serial balloon dilatation. In this report, we describe a 35 year male with refractory post-tubercular ileal stricture that was successfully treated with a lumen apposing metal stent
A Simulation Study to Investigate the Usefulness of a Novel Stricture Tool for Training Wire Guided Balloon Dilation
Authors: Bhat Balekuduru Avinash , Sahu Manoj K.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims The training in esophageal stricture dilation is difficult to obtain and have few simulation models. The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel stricture simulation for training a wire-guided, controlled radial expansile (CRE) balloon dilation.

Methods The study was a pretest–posttest design without a control group involving a novel simulation device for esophageal stricture. The training session involved 12 final year gastroenterology fellows from five different centers. The trainees received 2 hours of education sessions featuring didactic content, a live demonstration of step-by-step demonstration of wire-guided CRE balloon dilation and a study material on the procedure. The simulation device used was a single-use hose pipe along with a red color nonhardening modeling clay with a 5.0-to-8.0-mm hole in the center.

Results All the trainees and instructor uniformly rated the model as excellent or good with simulation device being mild stiffer in haptics than of the real tissue. The mean (%) pretest scores of 39 (21.6%) improved significantly to 160 (88.8%) in mean (%) posttest questionnaire (p < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in the questionnaire of the dilation procedure after the simulation training episode.

Conclusion The novel stricture simulation model had good performance evaluation and can be used to train CRE balloon dilation procedure.
Benign Anorectal Disorder Management in Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Oliveira Lucia , Galindo Gonzalo Federico Hagerman Ruiz , Silva-Velazco Jorge Daniel
Published: September 2022

There are many benign anorectal disorders, which can make patients seek care. In low-resource settings, the incidence of those pathologies is not different from the industrialized and western world. However, an interesting difference colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists can face is the fact that many patients do not seek help or are not aware and have little opportunities to be helped. Latin America population is estimated to be around 8% of the world population, with Brazil having the largest percentage. Infectious diseases, which were previously under control or were steadily declining, have emerged. For example, we have seen resurgence of dengue, malaria, and syphilis in pregnancy, as well as other sexually transmitted diseases that can affect the anorectal region. In this article, we will address the most common benign anorectal disorders.
Logistik in der Pandemie: Berücksichtigung von Pandemiegeschehen in der Krankenhausbauplanung
Authors: Raida Andrea , Kaczmarek Sylvia
Published: September 2022

In Zeiten einer Pandemie werden von der Krankenhauslogistik Höchstleistungen gefordert. Die Sicherstellung einer pandemiegerechten Patienten- und Materialflussplanung, der Planung von Zusatzkapazitäten oder die Sicherstellung der Warenlieferungen sind dann von besonderer Bedeutung. Wie können diese Punkte perspektivisch in einen Neubau eingeplant werden?
Analyse und Dialog: Benchmark-Studie Krankenhauslogistik 2021
Authors: Otten Hubert , Tetz Lukas
Published: September 2022

Zum vierten Mal wurde im Institut für Health Care Management eine Benchmark-Studie Krankenhauslogistik durchgeführt. In diesem Kontext wurden jeweils Struktur- und Transportmassendaten erhoben und Kennzahlenwerte zu Produktivität, Servicequalität, Auftragsstabilität und Kosten berechnet.
Vergabe: Spieltheorie in Lieferantenverhandlungen
Authors: Drozak Jacek , Oberländer Erik
Published: September 2022

Materialknappheit, steigende Inflation, explodierende Energiepreise und eine instabile geopolitische Lage stellen die Beschaffung vor Herausforderungen wie nie zuvor. Die richtige Verhandlungsstrategie ist für Unternehmen nicht nur maßgeblich, um Kosteneinsparungen zu erzielen, sondern überlebensnotwendig.
Impfnachweispflicht: Die „einrichtungsbezogene Impfpflicht“ nach Paragraf 20a IfSG
Authors: Wiencke Christopher
Published: September 2022

Im Zuge der Coronapandemie wurde mit der Regelung des Paragrafen 20a Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) die „einrichtungsbezogene Impf(nachweis)pflicht“ eingeführt. Sie betrifft ca. 5,75 Millionen Beschäftigte (Stat. Bundesamt, Stand 2019). In diesem Beitrag werden der Anwendungsbereich, der Inhalt sowie die arbeitsrechtlichen Konsequenzen dieser Vorschrift insbesondere für Kliniken näher beleuchtet.
Hygiene: Einkauf chemischer Händedesinfektionsmittel – was man bei der Beschaffung beachten muss
Authors: Meissner Aleksandra , Gertler Susann
Published: September 2022

Die Hygiene der Hände ist ein bedeutender Bestandteil der Krankenhaushygiene. Die Anforderungen an die Produktauswahl sind komplex, daher lohnt es sich auch vonseiten des Klinikeinkaufs, sich mit dem Thema zu befassen.
Tarifvertrag „Entlastung“ in NRW: Happy End nach Streikwoche 11
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: September 2022

Nach schier endlosen Streikwochen haben sich die sechs Universitätskliniken in Nordrhein-Westfalen und die Gewerkschaft Verdi auf einen Tarifvertrag „Entlastung“ geeinigt. Allerdings fürchten die anderen Krankenhäuser jetzt, dass sie im Kampf um das Personal noch schlechtere Karten haben.
Klinikunternehmen: Auf-/ Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: September 2022

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse ausgewählter Kliniken
Nachhaltiger Fortschritt: Auf die Technik kommt es an
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: September 2022

Enorm gestiegene Energiepreise und hoch gesteckte Klimaziele verleihen Investitionen in innovative Technologien neue Bedeutung für die Zukunftssicherung von Gesundheitsunternehmen. Auch der Fachkräftemangel verlangt kluge technische Antworten, neue Risiken erfordern eine resiliente Infrastruktur.
IT-Outsourcing: „Transparenz der eigenen IT-Leistung“
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: September 2022

Das Auslagern von IT-Bereichen wird allein schon wegen des akuten Fachkräftemangels zunehmen. Jörg Redmann, Partner im Beratungsunternehmen Curacon, erläutert im Interview, welche Bereiche sich für das IT-Outsourcing eignen und worauf Kliniken beim Auslagern achten sollen.
Protocol for Structure Determination of Unknowns by EI Mass Spectrometry. I. Diagnostic Ions for Acyclic Compounds with up to One Functional Group
Authors: Mikaia Anzor
Published: September 2022

This Review covers wide-ranging electron ionization (EI) dissociation reactions for various acyclic compounds and their derivatives, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, halides, thiols, thiones, esters, thioesters, amides, and more. Common derivatives of monofunctional compounds, such as trialkylsilyl, acyl, perfluoroacyl, oxazoline, and nicotinyl derivatives, are also discussed. The behavior of these under mass spectrometry (MS) conditions is determined, structures and stabilities of product ions are considered, and the ions of diagnostic power in their EI spectra are highlighted. Characteristic dissociation pathways for specific structural elements and their application for spectra/structure correlations are presented. Fundamental approaches for identifying unknowns are given. The advantages and limitations of EI-MS are emphasized. This knowledge is the key for successful applications of the exceptional capabilities of EI-MS for initial structure elucidation and then reliable structure determination of unknowns.
The envelope soliton for the nonlinear interaction of Langmuir waves with electron acoustic waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhou Jiang
Published: September 2022

The nonlinear coupling of Langmuir waves with electron-acoustic waves is investigated using the kinetic theory, where the hot electron component is modeled by the kappa distribution with an exponential cutoff at high energy tail, i.e., the cutoff kappa distribution. The one dimensional structure of envelope Langmuir solitons is analyzed by the numerical calculation with parameters typical of the Earth's inner magnetosphere. In the case of hot electrons with a cutoff kappa distribution, envelope Langmuir solitons have larger width and slower speed than that in the case of hot electrons with a Maxwellian distribution. The envelop Langmuir soliton with density depletion obtained in the Earth's inner magnetosphere propagates at a speed lower than the electron-acoustic velocity. At a given amplitude of electrostatic field, the envelope Langmuir soltions have a speed comparable with the ones of electron-acoustic wave solitons, but a wider scale in the case of hot electrons with a cutoff kappa distribution.
Simulation of the CO2 hydrate–water interfacial energy: The mold integration–guest methodology
Authors: Zerón Iván M. , Míguez José Manuel , Mendiboure Bruno , Algaba Jesús , Blas Felipe J.
Published: September 2022

The growth pattern and nucleation rate of carbon dioxide hydrate critically depend on the precise value of the hydrate–water interfacial free energy. There exist in the literature only two independent experimental measurements of this thermodynamic magnitude: one obtained by Uchida et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 8202 (2002)], 28(6) mJ/m2, and the other by Anderson and co-workers [J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 3507 (2003)], 30(3) mJ/m2. Recently, Algaba et al. [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 623, 354 (2022)] have extended the mold integration method proposed by Espinosa and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 141, 134709 (2014)] to deal with the CO2 hydrate–water interfacial free energy (mold integration–guest or MI-H). Computer simulations predict a value of 29(2) mJ/m2, in excellent agreement with experimental data. The method is based on the use of a mold of attractive wells located at the crystallographic positions of the oxygen atoms of water molecules in equilibrium hydrate structures to induce the formation of a thin hydrate slab in the liquid phase at coexistence conditions. We propose here a new implementation of the mold integration technique using a mold of attractive wells located now at the crystallographic positions of the carbon atoms of the CO2 molecules in the equilibrium hydrate structure. We find that the new mold integration–guest methodology, which does not introduce positional or orientational information of the water molecules in the hydrate phase, is able to induce the formation of CO2 hydrates in an efficient way. More importantly, this new version of the method predicts a CO2 hydrate–water interfacial energy value of 30(2) mJ/m2, in excellent agreement with experimental data, which is also fully consistent with the results obtained using the previous methodology.
A survey of two analytical wake models for crosswind kite power systems
Authors: Karakouzian Mher M. , Kheiri Mojtaba , Bourgault Frédéric
Published: September 2022

This paper presents two novel analytical wake models for crosswind kite power systems. One is developed based on the continuity equation, and the other is based on both the continuity and momentum equations. For each model, equations for the wake flow speed and the wake shape are obtained through a rigorous theoretical approach. Wake models for crosswind kites provide a first step in the understanding of the effects of kite-to-kite aerodynamic interactions on prospective wind energy kite farms. Despite a fair number of computational studies on these wakes, few studies have attempted to provide a concrete analytical solution. The primary motivation of this study comes from the fact that analytical models are simple in form and require very little computational power when being solved. The results from the two analytical models are compared with each other and are verified against computational results. Bearing several assumptions, these models are meant to simply offer a preliminary insight that will hopefully see many improvements with added complexity in the near future.
Lock-exchange problem for Boussinesq fluids revisited: Exact shallow-water solution
Authors: Politis Gerasimos , Priede Jānis
Published: September 2022

An exact solution to the lock-exchange problem, which is a two-layer analogue of the classical dam-break problem, is obtained in the shallow-water (SW) approximation for two immiscible fluids with slightly different densities. The problem is solved by the method of characteristics using analytic expressions for the Riemann invariants. The obtained solution, which represents an inviscid approximation to the high-Reynolds-number limit, is, in general, discontinuous containing up to three hydraulic jumps which are due to either multivaluedness or instability of the continuous SW solution. Hydraulic jumps are resolved by applying the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for the SW mass and generalized momentum conservation equations. The latter contains a free parameter α which defines the relative contribution of each layer to the interfacial pressure gradient. We consider a solution for α=0, which corresponds to both layers affecting the interfacial pressure gradient with equal weight coefficients. This solution is compared with the solutions resulting from the application of the classical Benjamin's front condition as well as the circulation conservation condition, which correspond to α=−1 and α→∞, respectively. The SW solution reproduces all principal features of 2D numerical solution for viscous fluids. The gravity current speed is found to agree well with experimental and numerical results when the front acquires the largest stable height which occurs at α=5−2. We show that two-layer SW equations for the mass and generalized momentum conservation can describe interfacial waves containing hydraulic jumps in a self-contained way without external closure conditions.
Enhancement of 2D topological semimetal transport properties by current annealing
Authors: Fereidouni A. , Doha M. H. , Pandey K. , Basnet R. , Hu J. , Churchill H. O. H.
Published: September 2022

Observation of intrinsic quantum transport properties of two-dimensional (2D) topological semimetals can be challenging due to suppression of high mobility caused by extrinsic factors introduced during fabrication. We demonstrate current annealing as a method to substantially improve electronic transport properties of 2D topological semimetal flakes. Contact resistance and resistivity were improved by factors up to 2×106 and 2×104, respectively, in devices based on exfoliated flakes of two topological semimetals, ZrSiSe and BaMnSb2. Using this method, carrier mobility in ZrSiSe was improved by a factor of 3800, resulting in observation of record-high mobility for exfoliated ZrSiSe. Quantum oscillations in annealed ZrSiSe appeared at magnetic fields as low as 5 T, and magnetoresistance increased by a factor of 104. We argue that a thermal process underlies this improvement. Finally, Raman spectroscopy and analysis of quantum oscillations in ZrSiSe indicate that the phonon modes and Fermi surface area are unchanged by current annealing.
Magnetic and magneto-transport studies in van der Waals Fe5−xGeTe2 flakes
Authors: Liu Ping , Zhu Hanpeng , Xiang Yuyue , Niu Wei , Lu Yalin , Pu Yong
Published: September 2022

The layered van der Waals metallic material Fe5−xGeTe2, which has near room-temperature itinerant ferromagnetism, offers unprecedented opportunities to explore exotic phenomena and functionalities as well as prospective uses in spintronic or quantum devices. However, the intriguing magnetic ground state of Fe5−xGeTe2 is quite complicated and remains controversial. In this work, we investigate the magnetic ordering transitions in Fe5−xGeTe2 nanoflakes through magneto-transport measurements. The anomalous Hall resistance increases with rising temperature, reaching its maximum at 100 K. Meanwhile, a clear butterfly-shaped magnetoresistance hysteresis was observed with opposite dependence on the switching field around this critical temperature. All experimental results point to the scenario that Fe5−xGeTe2 transitions from the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state at 265 K and then evolves to a ferrimagnetic state at 100 K. Our work promotes the understanding of magnetism in Fe5−xGeTe2 and motivates further efforts to develop room-temperature spintronic devices based on Fe5−xGeTe2.
Effects of species vigilance on coexistence in evolutionary dynamics of spatial rock–paper–scissors game
Authors: Lu Yikang , Wang Xiaoyue , Wu Mengjie , Shi Lei , Park Junpyo
Published: September 2022

Recognizing surrounding situations, such as enemy attacks, which can be realized by predator–prey relationships, is one of the common behaviors of the population in ecosystems. In this paper, we explore the relationship between such species’ behavior and biodiversity in the spatial rock–paper–scissors game by employing the ecological concept “vigilance.” In order to describe the vigilance process, we adopt a multiplex structure where two distinct layers describe virtual and physical interactions. By investigating the process of evolution in species, we also found that species with different vigilance go together. In addition, by utilizing the dynamic time warping method, we found that species with the same vigilance have consistent behavior, but species with different vigilance have diverse behavior. Our findings may lead to broader interpretations of mechanisms promoting biodiversity via vigilance in species ecosystems.
Viscoelastic and thixotropic characterization of paraffin/photopolymer composites for extrusion-based printing
Authors: Cipriani Ciera E. , Shu Yalan , Pentzer Emily B. , Benjamin Chandler C.
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) of functional materials is increasingly important for advanced applications requiring objects with complex or custom geometries or prints with gradients or zones with different properties. A common 3DP technique is direct ink writing (DIW), in which printable inks are comprised of a fluid matrix filled with solid particles, the latter of which can serve a dual purpose of rheology modifiers to enable extrusion and functional fillers for performance-related properties. Although the relationship between filler loading and viscosity has been described for many polymeric systems, a thorough description of the rheological properties of three-dimensional (3D) printable composites is needed to expedite the creation of new materials. In this manuscript, the relationship between filler loading and printability is studied using model paraffin/photopolymer composite inks containing between 0 and 73 vol. % paraffin microbeads. The liquid photopolymer resin is a Newtonian fluid, and incorporating paraffin microbeads increases the ink viscosity and imparts shear-thinning behavior, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy, as established by parallel plate rheometry experiments. Using Einstein and Batchelor's work on colloidal suspension rheology, models were developed to describe the thixotropic behavior of inks, having good agreement with experimental results. Each of these properties contributes to the printability of highly filled (≥43 vol. % paraffin) paraffin/photopolymer composite inks. Through this work, the ability to quantify the ideal rheological properties of a DIW ink and to selectively control and predict its rheological performance will facilitate the development of 3D printed materials with tunable functionalities, thus, advancing 3DP technology beyond current capabilities.
Regulating evaporation of a water nanofilm by applying a terahertz alternating electric field
Authors: Zhu Jianzhuo , Li Haosong , Li Xingyuan , Li Jingyuan
Published: September 2022

The evaporation of water nanofilms on a solid surface is a widespread and important process in many fields. Herein, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that the evaporation of a water nanofilm is regulated by applying an alternating electric field (AEF). An AEF at a specific frequency can be resonantly absorbed by the water film. Consequently, the AEF with sufficient strength significantly increases the evaporation rate of the water film (R). In contrast, an AEF of a different frequency and polarization direction decreases R sharply, which is closely related to the strengthened hydrogen bond network and the reduced kinetic energy of the outermost water of the water film. When the maximum amplitude of the AEFs is 0.9 V/nm, which is achievable in a laboratory setting, R spans six orders of magnitude. The effects of applying the AEFs are quite distinct from those of changing the temperature. Notably, the polarization direction of the AEF plays an important role in the water evaporation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on regulating the evaporation rate of a water film, showing that it is possible to use AEFs to tune the properties of nanoscaled water, such as the wettability.
Steplike anomalous Hall behaviors in mixed-phase BiFeO3-based heterostructure
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Liu Qi , Xu Zedong , Wu Shizhe , Wang Kaiyou
Published: September 2022

The heterostructures based on multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) have received much attention for the great potential in magnetoelectric coupling and spintronic applications. Therefore, the BFO films combined with rhombohedral (R) phase and tetragonal (T) phase can bring in various functionalities. Here, we demonstrate that the Ta/Pt/Co/Pt multilayers grown on R-, T-, and mixed-phase BFO exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We find that the magnetic switching behavior of the multilayer is sensitive to the phase of the BFO layer. The Ta/Pt/Co/Pt layers grown on top of the pure R- or T-phase BFO show one-step anomalous Hall effect (AHE) switching. However, the layers grown on the mixed-phase BFO show steplike AHE switching. We attribute that the steplike switching behavior originates from the two different interfacial situations between mixed-phase BFO and above layers. Our results bring a potential avenue for realizing spintronic devices based on mixed-phased BFO.
Crucial role of
Authors: Rao Xiaolan , Cheng Ninghui , Mathew Iny E. , Hirschi Kendal D. , Nakata Paul A.
Published: September 2022

Heat stress can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which the plant is able to perceive changes in ambient temperature, transmit this information, and initiate a temperature-induced response are not fully understood. Previously, we showed that heterologous expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana L. monothiol glutaredoxin AtGRXS17 enhances thermotolerance in various crops, while disruption of AtGRXS17 expression caused hypersensitivity to permissive temperature. In this study, we extend our investigation into the effect of AtGRXS17 and heat stress on plant growth and development. Although atgrxs17 plants were found to exhibit a slight decrease in hypocotyl elongation, shoot meristem development, and root growth compared to wild-type when grown at 22°C, these growth phenotypic differences became more pronounced when growth temperatures were raised to 28°C. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in genome-wide gene expression in atgrxs17 plants compared to wild-type under conditions of heat stress. The expression of genes related to heat stress factors, auxin response, cellular communication, and abiotic stress were altered in atgrxs17 plants in response to heat stress. Overall, our findings indicate that AtGRXS17 plays a critical role in controlling the transcriptional regulation of plant heat stress response pathways.
Texto escolar y comprensión
Authors: Ibáñez Romualdo , Moncada Fernando , Cárcamo Benjamín
Published: September 2022

El presente estudio tuvo dos objetivos. El primero fue determinar el efecto de la subjetividad y de la explicitud de las relaciones de coherencia causal en el procesamiento y en la comprensión de estudiantes chilenos de educación básica. El segundo fue determinar si tal efecto varía dependiendo del nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Para ello, se implementó un experimento de lectura autocontrolada con ventana cumulativa en el que participaron estudiantes de educación básica provenientes de colegios públicos (NSE bajo) y privados (NSE alto) chilenos. Los datos revelaron un bajo nivel general en comprensión, el que incluso es más bajo en estudiantes con NSE bajo. También se observó que el efecto de la subjetividad de la relación es mayor que el de su explicitud. En cuanto a la diferencia entre colegios, se observó que los estudiantes con NSE alto presentan mejores resultados al procesar y comprender las relaciones subjetivas en comparación con relaciones objetivas.
Universal quantifiers, focus, and grammatical relations in Besemah
Authors: McDonnell Bradley
Published: September 2022

This article describes adverbial universal quantification in Besemah, a little-described Malayic language of
southwest Sumatra, and how the syntactic position of the quantifier relates to grammatical relations and information structure.
Given previous descriptions of the relationship between quantifiers and grammatical relations, especially in western Austronesian
languages (e.g., Kroeger 1993; Musgrave
2001), Besemah presents a unique system of universal quantification wherein adverbial universal quantifiers place severe
restrictions on which arguments can be quantified. I argue that these restrictions are fundamentally different than those
described as ‘quantifier float’ in other languages, but they are not incidental. Instead, these restrictions can be explained by
the fact that the adverbial universal quantifier also marks focus in Besemah.
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and maternal drug ingestion
Authors: Costa Joana Raquel , Coutinho Miguel Bebiano , Soares Teresa , Meireles Luís
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is aetiologically/pathogenetically a heterogeneous disorder. This study focuses on investigating of maternal drug intake during pregnancy in OAVS cases.

Materials and methods

Our sample was composed of 114 paediatric cases of OAVS. For each patient, an evaluation form seeking identity, medical history, pregnancy and family data, physical/dysmorphological findings and results from complementary tests was applied. Through the analysis of all the forms applied, the history of drug exposure/maternal diseases were retrospectively studied.

Results

The age of the population studied ranged between 1 month and 18 years, the majority being male. Regarding otological features, most had pinna involvement: microtia (86.6%); preauricular appendices (41.6%) and preauricular sinus (15.7%). External auditory canal atresia/stenosis was observed in 61.0% of the cases. Most had conductive hearing loss (75.5%) and imaging study revealed middle/inner ear malformations in 21.1% of the cases. Regarding nonotological characteristics, ophthalmological, osteoarticular and cardiac involvement were the 3 most frequently observed. Most cases had no evident cause for the development of anomalies (68.4%). However, in 16.7% a positive family history was identified. A history of drug intake has been elicited in 14.9% of the participants. The drugs intake during pregnancy found in our study were: isotretinoin, fluoxetine, oral contraceptives, levothyroxine, domperidone, enalapril, acyclovir and pseudoephedrine/triprolidine and gestational diabetes in need of treatment.

Conclusion

Some drugs are unquestionably associated with the development of malformation, such as isotretinoin, however, the other drugs cannot be underestimated, since their synergistic effect with other environmental agents and genetic background may be in the origin of OAVS.
Investigation of two-dimensional HfS2/PtSSe heterostructure with strong visible light adsorption and strain tunable bandgap
Authors: Cao Yong , Zhu Xue Ting , Zou Dai Feng , Sheng Wei , Xu Ying
Published: September 2022

Based on the first-principles calculation, the electronic structure of HfS2/PtSSe heterojunction is systematically studied. The HfS2/PtSSe heterostructure has an intrinsic type-II band alignment, with holes and electrons located at HfS2 and PtSSe, respectively. The charge distribution is well separated, which can effectively prevent carrier recombination. Compared to the isolated PtSSe and HfS2 monolayers, the light absorption of the HfS2/PtSSe heterojunction in both visible and ultraviolet regions is significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the bandgap of the heterojunction can be tuned linearly by the bi-axial strain. Especially, the heterojunction can switch from type-II to type-III band alignment at compress strain strength of −9%. The variation of the bandgap of the heterojunction is related to the increased hybridization of Hf-5d and Se-4p states under compressed strain. The adjustable bandgap indicates that the HfS2/PtSSe heterojunction is a promising high-performance adjustable optoelectronic nanodevice candidate.
A bipolar charge transport model to simulate the impact of nanometric scale processes on the space charge behaviour in polyethylene
Authors: Le Roy S , Hoang M Q
Published: September 2022

Predicting the electric field distribution in polymers used as electrical insulating materials remains the Holy Grail, as the presence of charges disturbs the Laplacian electric field. Charges arising from the electrodes are one of the dominant mechanisms of charge generation, particularly in polyethylene-based materials. Hence, the nanometric scale processes at play at the interface exert a non-negligible impact on charge injection. In this study, a bipolar charge transport model developed in 2D is used to simulate the effects of several nanometric scale processes, such as the variation of the barrier height linked to the chemical structure of the material at the interface and surface roughness. Simulation results with regard to the net charge density. current and the recombination rate will be compared to the case where no specific supplementary hypothesis is set at the electrodes. Finally, simulations are performed for a combination of roughness and barrier height variations along the electrodes.
Thermally driven single-electron stochastic resonance
Authors: Kasai Seiya
Published: September 2022

Stochastic resonance (SR) in a single-electron system is expected to allow information to be correctly carried and processed by single electrons in the presence of thermal fluctuations. Here, we comprehensively study thermally driven single-electron SR. The response of the system to a weak voltage signal is formulated by considering the single-electron tunneling rate, instead of the Kramers’ rate generally used in conventional SR models. The model indicates that the response of the system is maximized at finite temperature and that the peak position is determined by the charging energy. This model quantitatively reproduces the results of a single-electron device simulator. Single-electron SR is also demonstrated using a GaAs-based single-electron system that integrates a quantum dot and a high-sensitivity charge detector. The developed model will contribute to our understanding of single-electron SR and will facilitate accurate prediction, design, and control of single-electron systems.
The Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model of clonogenic survival: formalism and first benchmark against in vitro and in silico data
Authors: Parisi Alessio , Beltran Chris J. , Furutani Keith M.
Published: September 2022

Objective. To develop a new model (Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model, MCF MKM) capable of accurately describing the in vitro clonogenic survival at low and high linear energy transfer (LET) using single-event microdosimetric spectra in a single target. Methodology. The MCF MKM is based on the ‘post-processing average’ implementation of the non-Poisson microdosimetric kinetic model and includes a novel expression to compute the particle-specific quadratic-dependence of the cell survival with respect to dose (β of the linear-quadratic model). A new methodology to a priori calculate the mean radius of the MCF MKM subnuclear domains is also introduced. Lineal energy spectra were simulated with the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) for 1H, 4He, 12C, 20Ne, 40Ar, 56Fe, and 132Xe ions and used in combination with the MCF MKM to calculate the ion-specific LET-dependence of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cell line) and human salivary gland tumor cells (HSG cell line). The results were compared with in vitro data from the Particle Irradiation Data Ensemble (PIDE) and in silico results of different models. The possibility of performing experiment-specific predictions to explain the scatter in the in vitro RBE data was also investigated. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the model parameters is also included. Main results. The RBE values predicted with the MCF MKM were found to be in good agreement with the in vitro data for all tested conditions. Though all MCF MKM model parameters were determined a priori, the accuracy of the MCF MKM was found to be comparable or superior to that of other models. The model parameters determined a priori were in good agreement with the ones obtained by fitting all available in vitro data. Significance. The MCF MKM will be considered for implementation in cancer radiotherapy treatment planning with accelerated ions.
Inter-correlation between Sunspot Oscillations and Their Internal Structures
Authors: Fu Libo , Zhu Zizhan , Yuan Ding , Wang Jiaoyang , Feng Song , Anfinogentov Sergey
Published: September 2022

Three- and five-minute oscillations are commonly observed in any sunspot. Because they are modulated by the internal thermal and magnetic structures of a sunspot, they could be used as an effective tool for researching sunspot seismology. In this paper, we investigate the properties of oscillations in sunspot groups with varying sizes and magnetic fields, and aim to establish the relationships between sunspot oscillations and its internal structure comparatively. We selected three groups of the unipolar sunspot with approximately axial-symmetric magnetic field and calculated their Fourier spectra based on the ultraviolet/extreme ultraviolet emission intensity variations recorded by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. We found that the distribution of three-minute oscillation is defined by the joint effect of diverging magnetic field and the stratification of the sunspot atmosphere. Its distribution could be modified by any invading magnetic structures in the umbra. In contrast, the five-minute oscillations are more prominent in small spots, implying that five-minute oscillation is very closely connected with umbral dynamics.
Tracklet-to-object Matching for Climbing Starlink Satellites through Recursive Orbit Determination and Prediction
Authors: Li Bin , Liu Lei , Sang Ji-Zhang
Published: September 2022

Concerns for the collision risk involving Starlink satellites have motivated the interest in obtaining their accurate orbit knowledge. However, accurate orbit determination (OD) and prediction (OP) of Starlink satellites confront two main challenges: mismatching or missed matching of sparse tracklets to maneuvering satellites, and unknown or unmodeled orbit maneuvers. How to exactly associate a tracklet to the right satellite is the primary issue, since a maneuvering satellite does not follow the naturally evolving orbit during the maneuvering, while more tracklets are needed for developing an accurate orbit maneuver model. If these two challenges are not well addressed, it may lead to catalog maintenance failure or even loss of objects. This paper proposes a method to correctly match tracklets to the climbing Starlink satellites. It is based on the recursive OD and OP, in which the orbit maneuver is modeled and the thrust is estimated, such that the subsequent OP accuracy guarantees the correct match of tracklets shortly after the OD time. Experiments with climbing Starlink satellites demonstrate that the tracklets within three days of the last TLE (two-line element) are all correctly matched to the right satellites. With the matched tracklets, the thrust accelerations of climbing Starlink satellites can be precisely estimated through an orbit control approach, and the position prediction accuracy over 48 hours is at the level of a few kilometers, providing accurate orbit knowledge for reliable collision warning involving Starlink satellites.
Analysis And Evaluation Of Consumers’ Cognitive Responses To Visual And Gustatory Stimuli For Neuromarketing Application
Authors: Sameeha M , Subhiksha M , Arivudaiyanambi Janani
Published: September 2022

Neuromarketing merges viewpoints of marketing, neuroscience, economics, choice hypothesis that are required to analyze the psychology of consumers’ preference to product development. The traditional methods involve product ratings, conducting questionnaire surveys that stumble upon verbal declarations provided by the vendees. Consumer Neuroscience describes the emotional, cognitive aspects that form the base of human decision making. Our study aims to utilize the neuroscientific information that distinguishes contrasts between healthy subjects’ EEG signals for examining the brain activity during visual and gustatory stimuli of different flavours of a beverage brand. The EEG montage assigned according to brain-region-specific localization draws out the subjects’ true elicited subconscious response regardless of whether the subject attempts to control his/her affective state. The results showed the activation of theta and delta bands of EEG signals during the given stimuli. These elicited signal variations can be used to identify the best favoured item for successful product dispatch and reduction in loss. Another major application is directed towards the customization of liquid food intake of locked-in, comatose, vegetative state patients by observing their brain response to the various fluid intake and determining the best response among them. This aids physicians to put the patients on a path to recovery.
Design and Development of Electrogastrograph Wireless Electrode Module
Authors: Gokul M , Geetha Anandhi C , Monisha R , Nithyaa AN , Harishma S , Murugeshan Pradeep , Mohana M
Published: September 2022

Electrogastrography is a pain free diagnosing method for evaluating stomach myoelectric activity. People are drawn to EGG because it is painless diagnostic procedure. However, given to its non-invasive characteristics, there has been significant debate about the validity and applicability of EGG. The major goal of this project is to decouple the electrode-equipment probe connection. This enhances the patient’s mobility (infant, athlete, handicapped) while lowering probe-to-electrode misconnection. This portable electrode system allows physicians and nurses to examine data of a patient from a distance, decreasing the need for them to be physically present behind the subject for examination. The signal capture, data acquisition unit and communication interface with the Wireless Fidelity module are utilized to quantify stomach activity. Arduino is used to take an analogue signal and convert it to a digital value. The Arduino programming language is used to build the programmers, which are subsequently embedded in the board. As a consequence, the value retrieved from the Electrogastrograph module is transferred over Wireless Fidelity module to the thing speak online platform. Arduino accepts an analogue signal and transforms it to a digital value. The Arduino programming language is used to build the applications, which are subsequently incorporated into the board. As a result, the value retrieved from the EGG module is transferred through Wireless Fidelity module to thing speak online platform.
Signal Processing for Hybrid BCI Signals
Authors: Shelishiyah R , Bharani Dharan M , Kishore Kumar T , Musaraf R , Beeta Thiyam Deepa
Published: September 2022

The brain signals can be converted to a command to control some external device using a brain-computer interface system. The unimodal BCI system has limitations like the compensation of the accuracy with the increase in the number of classes. In addition to this many of the acquisition systems are not robust for real-time application because of poor spatial or temporal resolution. To overcome this, a hybrid BCI technology that combines two acquisition systems has been introduced. In this work, we have discussed a preprocessing pipeline for enhancing brain signals acquired from fNIRS (functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy) and EEG (Electroencephalography). The data consists of brain signals for four tasks – Right/Left hand gripping and Right/Left arm raising. The EEG (brain activity) data were filtered using a bandpass filter to obtain the activity of mu (7-13 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) rhythm. The Oxy-haemoglobin and Deoxy-haemoglobin (HbO and HbR) concentration of the fNIRS signal was obtained with Modified Beer Lambert Law (MBLL). Both signals were filtered using a fifth-order Butterworth band pass filter and the performance of the filter is compared theoretically with the estimated signal-to-noise ratio. These results can be used further to improve feature extraction and classification accuracy of the signal.