bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring biodiversity: Taxonomic relatedness for conservation priorities
Authors: Williams PH , Humphries CJ , Vane-Wright RI
Published: April 2005

A definition of biodiversity is adopted that takes account not only of numbers of species, but also of the degrees of difference among them. The most appropriate measure of species differences is likely to be made in terms of genealogical relationships, as embodied in taxonomic classifications. Five new measures of taxonomic diversity are compared with existing measures of species richness and taxonomic root weighting for prioritising areas for the conservation of biodiversity, using as an example some data for 43 bumble bee species of the sibiricus-group. Although certain of the new measures can be shown to perform better than any existing methods, more extensive trials are needed, and further refinements can be anticipated. We conclude that combining species richness with taxonomic diversity to give a single measure inevitably involves compromise, as either component could be maximised in its own right. Nonetheless, the new prioritisation methods are already capable of giving practical results.
A taxonomic revision of Heterostemma Wight & Arn (Asclepiadaceae: Stapelieae) in Australia and the Western Pacific
Authors: Forster PI
Published: April 2005

The genus Heterostemma Wight & Arn. is recorded and revised for Australia and the western Pacific island groups of Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and New Caledonia. Heterostemma is represented by three species, H. magnificum P. Forster, sp. nov., H. acuminatum Decne. and H. samoense (A. Gray) P. Forster, comb. nov.
Chemical and morphological variation within a population of Eucalyptus radiata (Myrtaceae) exhibiting leaf volatile oil chemical forms
Authors: Whiffin T , Bouchier A
Published: April 2005

Fifty trees were collected from a population of Eucalyptus radiata subsp. radiata known to contain leaf volatile oil chemical forms. These were studied for leaf volatile oil composition, flavonoid composition, and leaf and fruit morphology. Three distinct groups were detected on the basis of leaf volatile oil composition, representing low, medium and high percentages of piperitone, with 43, 3 and 4 plants in each respectively. The low piperitone group contained two subgroups differing in the inversely varying amounts of α-phellandrene and p-cymene. While there was variation in leaf and fruit morphological characters and in flavonoid composition, there was no correlation between any of these characters and the leaf volatile oil chemical groups. Groups could also be distinguished on the basis of morphological characters, especially fruit characters, but these morphological groups were not as distinct as those based on volatile oil characters. There was no association between the morphological groups and the chemical groups on the basis of group membership. The nature and importance of this variation within a Eucalyptus population are discussed.
Tropical Australian freshwater fungi. II.* Annulatascus velatispora gen. et sp. nov., A. bipolaris sp. nov. and Nais aquatica sp.nov. (Ascomycetes)
Authors: Hyde KD
Published: April 2005

Submerged wood was collected from Millaa Millaa Falls and the Clohesy River in north Queensland, and examined for higher fungi. In this paper Nais aquatica sp. nov., Annulatascus velatispora gen. et sp. nov. and A. bipolaris sp. nov. are described.* Part I, Aust. Syst. Bot., 5, 109–16.
Australasian truffle-like Fungi. III.* Royoungia gen. nov. and Mycoamaranthus gen. nov. (Basidiomycotina)
Authors: Castellano MA , Trappe JM , Malajczuk N
Published: April 2005

This paper describes two new genera of gastroid (truffle-like) Basidiomycotina. Royoungia boletoides is described from Cooloola, Queensland, and is tentatively assigned to the Boletales on the basis of sporocarp and spore morphology. Mycoamaranthus auriorbis is described from a number of collections from northern Queensland and is not placed in any currently described family.* Part II, Aust. Syst. Bot., 1992, 5, 597–611.
Macadamia jansenii (Proteaceae), a new species from central Queensland
Authors: Gross CL , Weston PH
Published: April 2005

A new species of Macadamia F.Muell., M. jansenii, from central Queensland, is described and illustrated.
Eucalyptus saligna Smith Subsp. botryoides (Smith) Passioura & Ash, Comb. Nov.: a re-assessment of the Eucalyptus saligna – E. Botryoides complex
Authors: Passioura JA , Ash JE
Published: April 2005

Analysis of variation in adult morphology within the E. saligna – E. botryoides complex indicates continuous variation between the taxa across a broad geographic range, while analysis of allozyme data indicates little genetic differentiation. Hence, we propose that the taxa currently recognised as E. saligna Sm. and E. botryoides Sm. should be combined as a single species, E. saligna, and that coastal populations currently described as E. botryoides be recognised as E. saligna subsp. botryoides.
The Synflorescence of Paspalidium rarum (Poaceae) and an Alternative Hypothesis about the Evolution of some Poaceous Inflorescences
Authors: Rua GH
Published: April 2005

Synflorescences of the Australian species Paspalidium rarum (R. Br.) Hughes are described. Their structure in relation to other species of Paspalidium is discussed and their significance as an intermediate step in the evolution of inflorescences of Poaceae is considered. Such inflorescences comprise raceme-like structures which are derived from the typical inflorescences of Paspalidium by strong apical reduction of lateral axes. They possess two successive distal homogenised zones, the upper one bearing first-level short paracladia and the lower bearing truncate second-level short paracladia, and a proximal non-homogenised zone bearing more or less apically reduced long paracladia. The presence of such structures suggests a possible evolutionary pathway by which inflorescences such as those of Chloris, Cynodon, etc. could have evolved.
Rediscovery of Euphorbia carissoides (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Forster PI
Published: April 2005

This paper documents the rediscovery of Euphorbia carissoides F.M. Bailey from four localities in north-east Queensland. E. carissoides was previously known from two collections made in 1905 and 1908 and listed as Presumed Extinct in Rare or Threatened Plant listings. The species is described in detail, illustrated, its distribution and habitat described and conservation status revised to 3V.
The Red Algae Genus Callophyllis Kützing (Kallymeniaceae, Gigartinales) from Eastern Mainland Australia, with Notes on the Genus Ectophora J. Agardh
Authors: Millar AJK
Published: April 2005

Two species attributable to Callophyllis, a genus only recently recorded from eastern mainland Australia, are described from subtidal habitats in New South Wales. One of the species closely conforms to the New Zealand endemic Callophyllis ilepressa (J. Agardh) Laing, formerly the type species of the genus Ectophora J. Agardh. Although full reproductive details of this species are lacking, evidence in this survey strongly suggests that the genus was and is correctly placed in synonymy with Callophyllis. Thalli of C. depressa consist of prostrale, spreading, imbricate blades firmly anchored to rocky substrata by numerous haptera arising from the under surfaces. Upper frond surfaces are iridescent in localised patches corresponding to nests of refractive subcortical cells. The outer cortex in cross section comprises three to six layers and is composed of anticlinal filaments lacking secondary pit connections. The medulla consists of large, subisodiametric cells interspersed with narrow filaments. Plants appear to be procarpic, the supporting cells bearing a single three-celled carpogonial branch and several elaborately lobed, elongated, sterile cells. The second species is named Callophyllis nana sp. nov. for its diminutive (1.5 to 3 cm in length) fronds. Blades overlap, anastornose, and attach to rocky or bryozoan substrata by a single basal holdfast. The cortex is single-layered, the medulla being one to several layers of large subisodiametric cells interspersed with narrow filaments. Plants appear to be procarpic, the supporting cells bearing a single three-celled carpogonial branch and several relatively unlobed, short, bulbous sterile cells. Because of the inclusion of Ectophora into Callophyllis, the new name Callophyllis laingiaiia is proposed to replace Callophyllis dichotoma (J. Agardh) Laing [non C. dichotoma (Hooker et Harvey in Hooker) Kützing].
Two New Species of Macadamia (Proteaceae) from North Queensland
Authors: Gross CL , Hyland BPM
Published: April 2005

Two new species of Macadamia F.Muell, M. claudiensis and M. grandis from North Queensland, are described and illustrated.
The 'Senecio aff. lautus' Complex (Asteraceae) in Australia. I. Criteria for Exclusion of Lautusoid Senecio of Australia from S. lautus sensu stricto of New Zealand
Authors: Belcher RO
Published: April 2005

Criteria for reliably separating, at the species level, specimens of the lautusoid complex of Australian Senecio from the superficially similar Senecio Iautus G. Forst. ex Willd. of New Zealand are presented. This separation is based primarily on differences in the calycular bracteoles and phyllaries. S. lautus has numerous broadly lanceolate calycular bracteoles inserted on the dilated receptacle and which are tightly imbricate, with flat phyllaries lacking prominent raised ribs. Australian lautusoid specimens have fewer and narrower lanceolate bracteoles which are not imbricate, arising in a tight spiral below the dilated receptacle, with prominently bi-ribbed phyllaries. The name S. pirmatifolius A. Rich. is perhaps best applied to Australian members of this complex.
Glycine pindanica (Fabaceae, Phaseolae), a New Species from West Kimberley, Western Australia
Authors: Tindale MD , Craven LA
Published: April 2005

A new species, Glycine pindanica, is described from the western side of Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia. Its distribution is mapped. A key is provided to the species of Glycine in north-western Australia. G. pindanica and the closely allied G. hirticaulis Tindale & Craven form a small group of non-rhizomatous, non-stoloniferous species with digitately trifoliate leaves, linear leaflets and hairs having persistent, slightly enlarged bases. Opportunist amphicarpy occurs in both species. An illustration of G. pindanica is provided.
Composition and Classification of Nothofagus moorei Communities in Northern New South Wales
Authors: Bale CL , Williams JB
Published: April 2005

Nothofagus moorei (F. Muell.) Krasser occurs disjunctly in northern New South Wales from the Barrington Tops area to just beyond the New South Wales–Queensland Border. The main centres of occurrence are areas within the Barrington Tops–Gloucester Tops, the Upper Hastings, the escarpment of the Ebor–Dorrigo Plateau, and the Border Ranges–Lamington Plateau (McPherson Range). Minor but significant stands of N. moorei occur on the Comboyne Plateau, the East Dorrigo area, and in the western McPherson Range. Throughout this range, site characteristics vary considerably, both in landscape morphology and in parent material type. The altitudinal range of N. moorei is 1000 m. Such site variability makes the disjunctness of N. moorei more problematic. The floristic composition of these communities was investigated at 60 sites scattered throughout the geographic range. More than 400 species of vascular plants were found to occur with N. moorei, including at least 50 species of climbers and more than 40 species of epiphytes and lithophytes. Around half of this floristic richness may be attributable to mixed assemblages of cool temperate and cool subtropical species, particularly at low altitude sites and rather fertile mid altitude sites. Nevertheless, it is clear there is a distinctive temperate floristic group which characterises the principal domains of N. moorei. Floristic analyses based on ordination techniques produced site clusters which at a coarse level matched the disjunct geographic domains of N. moorei. Locally, topographic gradients, geological factors, and site histories contribute to floristic dissimilarities. There is little evidence of widespread species assemblages of high fidelity. Nevertheless, some species co-occur commonly enough to offer some support to intuitive floristic classifications.
Dispersal of Fleshy Diaspores in the Seed Floras of the South Island (New Zealand) and Tasmania
Authors: Clifford HT
Published: April 2005

The native seed-plant floras of South Island (New Zealand) and Tasmania are similar in size but the former is about twice as rich in species with fleshy diaspores than is the latter. In contrast, South Island has far fewer species with arillate or camnculate seeds than Tasmania. These differences in proportions may be attributed to the differential extinction of bird and ant species on the two islands during the Pleistocene Ice ages. Whereas South Island was relatively isolated at the time, Tasmania was closely connected to the Australian mainland providing refuges not available to South Island species. It is postulated that on both islands plants were less affected by glaciation than were animals. The types, sizes and colours of diaspores are similar in the floras of South Island and Tasmania, indicating that the lack of land mammals on the former island is not reflected in the dispersal biology of fleshy diaspores.
Dendrochronological Investigation of Halocarpus biformis (Pink Pine) from a Site at the West Arm of Lake Manapouri in New Zealand
Authors: Murphy JO
Published: April 2005

A dendrochronological study has been made of a Halocarpus biformis (pink pine (= yellow pine)) chronology (La Marche et al. 1979) obtained from a site at the west arm of Lake Manapouri, New Zealand. The 410 year chronology has considerable low frequency variance, a low mean sensitivity value and no significant periodicities in the power spectrum of less than 13 years. A significant relationship (P < 0.01) exists between ENSO events in the previous spring and growth in the following year. The two other New Zealand Halocarpus species would also appear to have dendrochronological potential.
Catalogue of marine brown algae (Phaeophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, south-western Pacific
Authors: Millar AJK , Kraft GT
Published: April 2005

This catalogue lists 139 species (in 12 orders, 26 families and 63 genera) of brown algae from New South Wales and Lord Howe Island. More than half (71) are endemic to Australia, with the remainder being very widely distributed (e.g. Europe, the Americas and Asia); 28 species have New South Wales type localities (14 from the mainland and 14 from Lord Howe Island). As a result of extensive searching of archival records, the exact locality of many 'Nov. Holl.' types is deduced to be the Sydney region of New South Wales. Four genera (Austronereia, Nemacystis, Nereia and Tomaculopsis) and 10 species are newly recorded, six species being new to the Australian continent. The largest genus represented is Sargassum, for which 37 species have been recorded, including 10 based on local types. Eleven of these Sargassum records are eliminated, the remaining 26 are in urgent need of regional monographic treatment. Eclipsed only by the Fucales (39 species in 9 genera), the order Dictyotales with 36 species in 13 genera, is the dominant group in terms of cover and possibly biomass along the mainland and at Lord Howe Island from low intertidal habitats to to depths of at least 35 m. In many areas of the seabed, brown algae and the cmstose corallines seem to be especially resilient to grazing by the sea-urchin Centrostephanis rodgersii which is presently besieging this coast.
Cladistic biogeography of waratahs (Proteaceae, Embothrieae) and their allies across the pacific
Authors: Weston PH , Crisp MD
Published: April 2005

The Proteaceae are often said to be a 'relict Gondwanan group' because they are disjunctly distributed over several southern continental blocks. Such distributions are shown by 12 different taxa above species-level in the family, which is thus potentially useful in cladistic studies of Southern Hemisphere biogeography. We have produced well-corroborated cladograms for the subtribe Embothriinae and its sister-taxon, Lomatia. These taxa have almost identical distributions within eastern Australia and western South America. Distributions of most species of Embothriinae are relatively narrow and we have used them to define areas of endemism for analysis. We analysed the biogeographic relationships of these areas under Assumptions 1 and 2 of Nelson and Platnick and Assumption 0 of Zandee and Roos, using R.D.M. Page's program COMPONENT. When analysed separately, Embothriinae and Lomatia share no area-cladograms under any assumption. The similarity between the two suites of area-cladograms, obtained in turn under each assumption, was assessed in terms of the symmetric difference of triplets. Under Assumptions 0 and 2 at least, the similarity between area-cladograms of Lomatia and Ernbothriinae appeared higher than would be expected due to chance. We took this as a fair indication that the two groups share congruent area-patterns, which justified analysing them as a single group. When analysed as a whole, the {Lomatia + Ernbothriinae} clade yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram under the 'items of error' parsimony criterion (Assumption 1) and the same cladogram plus several others under the 'Wagner' parsimony criterion (Assumption 0). The single cladogram on which these analyses agree seems to be consistent with conventional geological theories, assuming a history of vicariance events caused by continental break-up and climatic change.
Variation in Leptospermum trinervium (Myrtaceae): a problem species and the species problem
Authors: Krauss SL
Published: April 2005

Leptospermum trinervium is a variable species that has proved to be taxonomically puzzling because of interpopulation heterogeneity and sympatry of extreme forms. Variation within the species was initially investigated by phenetic analysis of adult morphology from herbarium specimens. Clustering analysis first suggested the existence of two major phenetic groups. Group definition was refined using discriminant function analysis by defining the most phenetically distinct groups. Ordination procedures (canonical variate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling) confirmed the absolute distinctness of these two phenetic groups. Seven locations were then studied in detail. Three of these locations contained sympatric populations of the two phenetic forms. Phenetic analysis of adult morphology using discriminant function analysis and univariate analyses supported the recognition of the two phenetic groups but also indicated a high degree of distinctness among all populations, and particularly between sympatric populations where no intermediates were found. Diagnostic differences were retained even when seeds from these populations were cultivated under standardised conditions, indicating a genetic basis to the morphological heterogeneity. Preliminary data on genetic structure from allozymes indicated that the sympatric populations were less similar to each other than they were to other phenetically similar populations elsewhere, suggesting a barrier to gene flow between these sympatric populations. These results suggest that the two phenetic groups should be recognised as distinct, but variable, species.
Taxonomic studies of the genus Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Australia
Authors: Witherell AF , Millar AJK , Kraft GT
Published: April 2005

The taxonomic history of the genus Gracilaria in Australia is reviewed, and nine species are described and illustrated in detail. Two (G. comosa and G. stipitata) are newly described, and the new name G. cliftonii is proposed for the species previously known as G. furcellata Harvey [non G. furcellata (Montagne) Zanardini = Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin]. New records and observations are given for four species [G. harveyana J.Agardh, G. preissiana (Sonder) Womersley, G. salicornia (C.Agardh) Dawson, and G. urvillei (Montagne) Abbott in Abbott, Zhang & Xia], and two species [G. blodgettii Harvey and G. cf. vieillardii Silva in Silva, Menez & Moe] are added to the Australian flora. An additional seven or eight species that are incompletely known also occur on the continent and are briefly discussed but not illustrated. For nomenclatural and anatomical reasons we propose that G. spinulosa (Okamura) Chang & Xia forma srilankia Chang & Xia, based on G. purpurascens Harvey ex J. Agardh [non G. purpurascens (Hudson) Greville = Cystoclonium purpurascens (Hudson) Kutzing] and not yet recorded from Australia, be elevated to species status as G. srilankia (Chang & Xia) comb. nov. We propose that Gracilaria harveyana J. Agardh 1885 be conserved against Polyides flagelliformis Sonder 1845, which Professor H.B.S. Womersley has determined is an obscure but earlier name for this well-known Western Australian species.
Taxonomy and biogeography of Australian Rozites species mycorrhizal with Nothofagus and Myrtaceae
Authors: Bougher NL , Fuhrer BA , Horak E
Published: April 2005

Seven species of the putatively obligately ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Rozites are described from Australian Nothofagus and myrtaceaeous forests. Rozites metallica, R. armeniacovelata, R. foetens, and R. occulta are new species associated with Nothofagus in south eastern Australia. Rozites fusipes, previously known only from New Zealand, is reported from Tasmanian Nothofagus forests. Rozites roseolilacina and R. symea are new species associated with Eucalyptus in south eastern and south western Australia respectively. The significance of these Rozites species to mycorrhizal and biogeographical theories, such as the origin of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with myrtaceous plants in Australia are discussed. The diversity of Rozites species in Australia, which equals or exceeds that of other southern regions, furthers the notion that many species of the genus co-evolved with Nothofagus in the Southern Hemisphere. Rozites symea in Western Australia occurs well outside the current geographic range of Nothofagus. It is considered to be a relict species that has survived the shift in dominant ectomycorrhizal forest tree type from Nothofagus to Myrtaceae (local extinction of Nothofagus 4–5 million years ago), and is most likely now confined to the high rainfall zone in the south west. Data on Rozites in Australia support the concept that at least some of the present set of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Myrtaceae in Australia are those which successfully completed a host change from Nothofagus, and adapted to changing climate, vegetation and soil conditions during and since the Tertiary. We suggest that the ancient stock of Rozites arose somewhere within the geographical range of a Cretaceous fagalean complex of plant taxa. By the end of the Cretaceous, Rozites and the fagalean complex may have spanned the Asian–Australian region including perhaps many Southern Hemisphere regions. A northern portion of the ancestral Rozites stock gave rise to extant Northern Hemisphere Rozites species and a southern portion speciated as Nothofagus itself speciated.
Banksieaephyllum taylorii ( Proteaceae) from the late paleocene of New South Wales and its relevance to the origin of Australia's scleromorphic flora
Authors: Carpenter RJ , Jordan GJ , Hill RS
Published: April 2005

Leaf specimens from Late Paleocene sediments in New South Wales are assigned to a new species of Banksieaephyllum, B. taylorii. In gross morphology the leaves are indistinguishable from those of extant Dryandra formosa, and similar to a few other species of Dryandra and Banksia. These species have pinnately lobed leaves and are now confined to south-western Australia. In cuticular morphology, B. taylorii is most similar to Banksia species from subgenus Banksia, section Oncostylis. One species in this section, B. dryandroides, also has pinnately lobed leaves. The fossil specimens demonstrate that subtribe Banksiinae had differentiated by the Late Paleocene and represent the earliest record of angiosperm scleromorphy in Australia to date. The superficial placement of the stomates compared with most modem Banksiinae supports the hypothesis that xeromorphy in this group generally increased in response to the development of less mesic climates in the Late Tertiary.
The Banksia integrifolia L.f. species complex (Proteaceae)
Authors: Thiele K , Ladiges PY
Published: April 2005

The Banksia integrifolia (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae) species complex currently comprises three varieties: var. aquilonia from northern Queensland; var. integrifolia from coastal Victoria and New South Wales; and var. compar, which is polymorphic and comprises two forms, a coastal form from southern Queensland and a montane form from north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. Ordination analysis of morphological characters of adults and seedlings indicates that the montane populations of var. compar comprise a separate taxon, which is phenetically closer to var. integrifolia than it is to typical var. compar. Banksia integrifolia var. aquilonia is phenetically quite distinct from the remaining taxa. The new names and combinations Banksia integrifolia subsp. monticola K.R. Thiele, B. integrifolia subsp. aquilonia (A.S. George) K.R. Thiele and B. integrifolia subsp. compar (R.Br.) K.R. Thiele are published.
Type collections of Asclepiadaceae at Herbarium Bogoriense (BO)
Authors: Forster PI , Liddle DJ
Published: April 2005

Seventy seven type collections of Asclepiadaceae at Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) are documented. These type collections are predominantly from the Malesian region; however, one from Africa is also present. Toxocarpus orientalis Schltr. is reduced to synonymy under T. lineata Blume. Hoya apiculata Scheff is reduced to synonymy under Hoya australis subsp. tenuipes (K.D.Hil1) P.I.Forst. & Liddle. Hoya panchoi Kloppenburg ex Burton & D.H.Kent is reduced to synonymy under Hoya diversifolia Blume. Lectotypes are selected for the names Ceropegia papuana Schltr., Dischidia hahliana Volkens, Heterostemma herbertii Elmer, H. papuanum Schltr., Leptostemma hirsuta Blume, Marsdenia brachystephana Schltr., Sarcolobus retusus K.Schum., Spathidolepis torricellensis Schltr., Toxocarpus orientalis Schltr., Tylophora polyantha Volkens and T. sulphureus Volkens.
Tapheocarpa (Commelinaceae) a new Australian genus with hypogeous fruits
Authors: Conran JG
Published: April 2005

The new genus Tapheocarpa (Cornmelinaceae) is described from Australia, and the new combination T. calandrinioides (F.Muell.) Conran is made for the taxon previously known as Aneilema calandrinioides F. Muell. The genus shows some affinities with both Aneilema R.Br. and Commelina L., but differs from other Commelinaceae in the possession of solitary, ebracteate, terminal flowers and indehiscent, hypogeous fruits.
Appressoria in Mycoleptodiscus species
Authors: Alcorn JL
Published: April 2005

Appressoria formed by germinating conidia of Mycoleptodiscus species in vitro were examined as a possible source of taxonomic information. There were large differences in morphology between appressoria formed by the 12 taxa examined, and it is suggested that characteristics of the appressorium, such as size, shape, curvature, septation and germ pore size, provide additional differentiating criteria which are of use in the taxonomy of the genus. Three new species of Mycoleptodiscus are described, M. coloratus, M. geniculatus, and M. variabilis.
A revision of Millotia (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae)
Authors: Short PS
Published: April 2005

The endemic Australian genus Millotia Cass. is revised. Sixteen species are recognised. Six species, M. dimorpha, M. eichleri, M. falcata, M. jacksonii, M. newbeyi and M. pilosa, and a new variety, M. tenuifolia var. laevis, are described for the first time. Millotia depauperata Stapf is reinstated, being an earlier name for M. inopinata Schodde. Millotia greevesii F.Muell. is considered to contain three subspecies, i.e. subsp. greevesii, subsp. glandulosa (Schodde) P.S.Short and subsp. helmsii (F.Muell. & Tate) P.S.Short.
Cladistic analysis of Millotia (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae)
Authors: Short PS , Anderberg AA
Published: April 2005

A cladistic analysis of Millotia Cass. has been undertaken and includes the taxa formerly placed in Toxanthes Turcz. and Scyphocoronis A. Gray. Ixiolaena leptolepis Sond. & F. Muell. and Podotheca gnaphalioides Graham were used as outgroup taxa to assess character polarity and to root the cladogram. Two congruent, equally parsimonious cladograms were obtained, showing that both Toxanthes and Scyphocoronis are small monophyletic ingroups in Millotia. Millotia would be paraphyletic if Scyphocoronis and Toxanthes were treated as separate taxa. A discussion of character evolution in the genus is presented and it is concluded that inbreeding taxa have independently evolved three times.
Mycena in Australia: Mycena nargan sp. nov. and section Nargan sect. nov.
Authors: Grgurinovic C
Published: April 2005

A new species of Mycena bearing scales, Mycena nargan, is described as well as a new section, section Nargan, to accommodate it.
Taxonomic revision of Logania section Logania (Loganiaceae)
Authors: Conn BJ
Published: April 2005

A systematic study of Logania R.Br, section Logania (Loganiaceae) is presented. This section consists of 21 species in Australia, occurring from Western Australia (as far north as North Cape, but mostly in the south-western regions of the State), southern-central and south-eastem South Australia, and eastern mainland Australia (from southern Queensland, throughout New South Wales and Victoria). Logania depressa, an imperfectly known and possibly extinct species from New Zealand, also appears to belong in this section. Logania archeri, L. litoralis, L. nanophylla, L. perryana, L. saxatilis and L. scabrella are described as new. A taxon within Logania albiflora s. lat. is here informally described as Logania sp. aff. albiflora because its taxonomic status is uncertain. Logania crassifolia R.Br. var. minor J. Black is here raised to specific status as Logania minor (J. Black) B. J. Conn. The status and taxonomic position of Logania imbricata, endemic to New Caledonia, are briefly discussed. Keys, descriptions, synonymy, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for all taxa in this section.
Phytolith analysis in leaves of extant and fossil populations of Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia
Authors: Whang SS , Hill RS
Published: April 2005

The phytolith morphology of leaves of all six extant species, one fossil species and a fossil population of an extant species of Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia was examined to determine the utility of phytolith morphology for phylogenetic studies. One extant species of subgenus Fuscospora (N. gunnii (Hook.f.) Oerst.) was included to allow a comparison between subgenera. Phytolith morphology and frequency in subgenus Lophozonia is quite similar among the extant evergreen species, and clearly distinguishes the evergreen from the deciduous species rather than reflecting subgeneric differences. However, the deciduous species are not particularly similar to one another, which may be due to their phylogenetic distance by comparison to the closely related evergreen species. The Early-Middle Pleistocene population of Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.f.) Oerst. had well preserved phytoliths, which in morphology and relative abundance were consistent with the extant species. However, the leaves of the Oligocene population of N. tasmanica R.S. Hill had poorly preserved phytoliths, which were relatively sparse and lacking in diversity. This is probably at least partly a result of taphonomic processes, but may also reflect phylogenetic differences.
Contributions towards a revision of Daviesia (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae). III.* A synopsis of the genus
Authors: Crisp MD
Published: April 2005

A taxonomic census and key are presented for the 135 known species and subspecies in Daviesia Smith. This includes 31 species and six additional subspecies which are formally described and illustrated here for the first time. The census includes a list of recognised taxa with full synonymy; literature references for original and selected later publications; typification, including selection of lectotypes and neotypes where necessary; distribution by botanical districts; and taxonomic and nomenclatural notes. New taxa described herein are: D. apiculata, D. argillacea, D. articulata, D. audax, D. bursarioides, D. campephylla, D. chapmanii, D. crassa, D. dilatata, D. elongata subsp. implexa, D. glossosema, D. grossa, D. hamata, D. incrassata subsp. teres, D. intricata subsp. intricata, D. intricata subsp. xiphophylla, D. lineata, D. megacalyx, D. microcarpa, D. nudiflora subsp. amplectens, D. nudiflora subsp. hirtella, D. oxyclada, D. oxylobium, D. pleurophylla, D. pseudaphylla, D. pteroclada, D. ramosissima, D. retrorsa, D. rhizomata, D. rubiginosa, D. sarissa subsp. sarissa, D. sarissa subsp. redacta, D. scoparia, D. smithiorum, D. speciosa, D. tortuosa, D. uncinata. In addition, the following new combinations are made: D. benthamii subsp. acanthoclona, D. decipiens, D. emarginata, D. incrassata subsp. reversijolia, D. major and D. nudijlora subsp. drummondii.* Part II, Australian Systematic Botany, 1991,4,229–298.
A biogeographical analysis of the freshwater plants of Australasia
Authors: Jacobs SWL , Wilson KL
Published: April 2005

Patterns in the distribution of Australasian species of freshwater aquatic plants were sought, to determine whether vicariance, distance dispersal, local speciation, or a mixture of these could best explain the distribution. The distribution was recorded from 10 regions of Australasia that include sizeable areas of wetland: Papua New Guinea, Cape York Peninsula, south-east Queensland, eastern New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, New Zealand, northern Northern Territory, the Kimberley, and south-west Western Australia. Matrices of 553 species by 10 regions, 139 genera by 10 regions, and 56 families by 10 regions were analysed using hierarchical fusion, nearest neighbour and ordination techniques. The results indicate that there are two distinct elements in the aquatic flora, tropical and temperate. The diffuse boundary between these two climatic zones could be interpreted as a barrier in the sense used in definitions of vicariance. There is little effective spread between tropical and temperate areas but, within each of these climatic zones, the species are mobile and many spread reasonably readily between regions, provided suitable habitats and dispersal opportunities are available. Where geographic barriers to distance dispersal have been great then these may become as important as the climatic barrier. This is demonstrated, at least in part, by the differences between some of the generic and species dendrograms. Local speciation (not shown by our PATN analyses because of the endemic species being ignored in them) has been important where some primarily aquatic genera have proliferated when conditions have been suitable. Local speciation has occurred in cosmopolitan aquatic genera that have presumably arrived in regions via long distance dispersal. The significance of bird migration and dispersal patterns are discussed. The aquatic flora of the monsoon tropics has evolved mainly from long distance dispersal but with significant local speciation in some genera such as Nymphoides, Utricularia, Nymphaea and Vallisneria. The pattern of distribution was compared with those recorded from other ecologically defined groups such as the Australian arid and alpine floras.
Biogeography of the subfamily Bryoideae (Bryaceae, Musci) in north-eastern Queensland
Authors: Spence JR , Ramsey HP
Published: April 2005

The biogeography of Bryum and its relatives in the tropical and subtropical regions of north-eastern Queensland is analysed. The flora is small compared to other tropical areas, with six genera and 30 species. This low diversity results from the lack of high mountains in the study area. The principal floristic affinities are widespread – cosmopolitan (20%), pantropical (20%), and Australian endemic (17%). The strongest floristic affinities are with Indonesia-Malaya and New Guinea among tropical regions. Tropical-subtropical elements make up 50% of the flora, with Paleotropical and Indo-Malesian groups represented as well as the pantropical element. The southern temperate element only makes up 13% of the flora. Speciation from ancestral taxa has occurred primarily in monsoonal subtropical, montane, and adjacent temperate regions rather than in the more humid and less seasonal coastal rainforest refugia. Most endemic species are widespread in Australia. This element has diverse origins, including ancient Gondwanan as well as cosmopolitan and pantropical. The genus Rosulabryum (based on Bryum sect. Rosulata) is very diverse in the study area, and Australia is a major centre of speciation for this genus.
Lifeform distributions of woodland plant species along a moisture availability gradient in Australia's monsoonal tropics
Authors: Egan JL , Williams RJ
Published: April 2005

A series of vegetation sites was established in Australia's Northern Territory between Darwin and Tennant Creek, a distance of approximately 1000 km and 7° latitude (12°30'–19°30'S). This region encompasses a strong environmental gradient in mean annual moisture availability (450–1600 mm) whilst remaining within a predominantly summer monsoonal rainfall regime. All sites are within eucalypt-savanna habitats on lighter textured soils (sands–loams). Major changes in family and species representation occur at approximately 16–17° latitude, supporting findings of other workers. Within these eucalypt-savanna communities, the percentage of annual species is consistently around 30% regardless of latitude. However, the distribution of resource allocation strategies used by perennial plants exhibits distinct latitudinal trends. The proportion of deciduous and seasonally perennial species declines with latitude whilst suffrutescent shrub species become increasingly abundant. Species possessing root structures adapted for storage purposes appear to be limited to latitudes north of 15°S.
Relationships within Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) using PCR-amplification and southern hybridisation of chloroplast DNA
Authors: Sale MM , Potts BM , West AK , Reid JB
Published: April 2005

Chloroplast DNA based phylogenetic studies using PCR-amplification and digestion (40 species) combined with Southern blotting (23 species) suggest that Angophora and some representatives of the Eucalyptus subgenera Corymbia and Blakella form a monophyletic group. The subgenera Eudesmia, Monocalyptus, Gaubaea, Idiogenes, Symphyoinyrtus and Telocalyptus appear to form a well defined monophyletic group encompassing most of Eucalyptus, but the exact sister taxon to this group remains unresolved. The results suggest that subgenera Corymbia and Blakella are paraphyletic and that Telocalyptus should be submerged within the subgenus Symnphyoinyrtus.
A contribution to Australian Sematophyllaceae (Bryopsida)
Authors: Tan BC , Ramsey HP , Schofield WB
Published: April 2005

The family Sematophyllaceae in Australia is narrowly defined to consist of 13 genera and about 36 species. Genera such as Taxithelium, Pseudohypnella and Glossadelphus are excluded. An identification key to the accepted Australian genera of Sematophyllaceae is provided. New additions to the Flora of Australia include Acroporium lamprophyllum var. percaudatum comb. & stat. nov., Clastobryurn epiphyllum, C. conspicuum, Papillidiopsis ramulina, Trichosteleum boschii and T. ruficaule. Trichosteleum elegantulunz is a new synonym of T. ruficaule. Taxa excluded from Sematophyllaceae are Acroporiunz scalarirete (= Eucamptodon scalarirete comb. nov.) and Trichosteleum inuscicolum (= Taxithelium muscicola comb. nov.). Taxithelium wattsii is transferred to Isocladiella as Isocladiella wattsii comb. nov. and Fallaciella gracilis is returned to family Lembophyllaceae.
The Australian zygomycetous mycorrhizal fungi: the genus Densospora gen. Nov
Authors: McGee PA
Published: April 2005

The genus Densospora, based on Glomus tubaeforme, and three new species, D. nuda, D. nanospora, D. solicarpa, are described. Densospora is characterised by the presence of small sporocarpic blastospores with single laminate walls that infrequently thicken, filling the lumen of the spore. In culture, G. tubaeforrne has swellings on hyphae. The fungi may form ectomycorrhizae.
A preliminary floristic survey of the benthic marine algae of Rotuma Island
Authors: N'Yeurt A De R
Published: April 2005

A preliminary study of the intertidal benthic macroalgal flora of the island of Rotuma (12°30'S 177°05'E; politically attached to the Fiji Island group) has revealed a total of 88 taxa, including 41 Rhodophyceae, 11 Phaeophyceae and 36 Chlorophyceae, representing the first published records of marine algae for this island. Of these, 30 represent new records for the Fijian flora. The Rotuman flora is distinct from that of Fiji, a probable consequence of habitat limitations and high exposure regimes on Rotuman reefs that have led to a predominance of low-profile, robust algal species. A distinct north-south distribution pattern was found, brought about by variations in exposure regimes. Biogeographic considerations further dissociated the Rotuman and Fijian floras, the former being more equatorial and in the path of oceanic currents dispersing algal species from donor areas in the central and western Pacific.
Australasian truffle-like fungi. VII. Mesophellia (Basidiomycotina, Mesophelliaceae)
Authors: Trappe JM , Castellano MA , Malajczuk N
Published: April 2005

The genus Mesophellia, type of the family Mesophelliaceae, has been restudied in light of extensive recent collections. Most past species identifications in the genus have been erroneous, because past workers did not comprehensively study holotypes or fresh material. In this paper, the genus is divided into two subgenera: Mesophellia and Loculatae. Subgenus Mesophellia comprises 12 species, of which 8 are newly described here: M. angustispora, M. brevispora, M. clelandii, M. oleifera, M. pallidospora, M. pawa, M. rava and M. trabalis. Subgenus Loculatae comprises two species, both of which are newly described here: M. labyrinthina and M. westresii.
Banksia Sect. Coccinea (Proteaceae), a new section
Authors: Maguire TL , Sedgley M , Conran JG
Published: April 2005

A new section of Banksia, sect. Coccinea (A.S.George) T.L.Maguire, M.Sedgley & J.G.Conran, is described to include the single, but phylogenetically isolated species, Banksia coccinea R.Br. Sectional classification is based on the distinct morphological features of B. coccinea and its pollen–pistil compatibility to other species of Banksia. Interspecific pollination shows lower style compatibility with species of sect. Oncostylis, rather than sect. Banksia, where B. coccinea is currently placed. Due to the lack of lower style compatibility with sect. Banksia and B. coccinea's distinctive morphology, it is proposed to erect a new monotypic section as sister to sect. Oncostylis.
Phylogenetic position of hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii)
Authors: Graham GC , Henry RJ , Godwin ID , Nikles DG
Published: April 2005

A variety of gymnosperms (13 species of conifer from 5 families and 2 species of non-conifer) were collected and the small ribosomal subunit (18s rRNA) was sequenced by direct sequencing. Fifteen species were examined in the study, which included widely separated provenances of Araucaria cunninghamii, to determine the phylogenetic relationship of these gymnosperms. Two of the four conifer families found in Australia that were included in the study (Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae) separated as expected with further separation of genera and species within these families. Homologies between the gymnosperms varied from 89% to 98%. Four geographically distinct groups within A. cunninghamii were separated phylogenetically. This study suggests that A. cunninghamii was the most recent Araucaria species to evolve, with the Papua New Guinean provenances undergoing the fastest evolutionary changes. This type of analysis has provided molecular evidence to support the taxonomy of the Coniferales. It has shown, contrary to an established understanding in angiosperms, that sequence information of the 18S rRNA genes provides a useful means of studying phylogeny in the gymnosperms at the species and within-species levels.
Diversity in the grass pistil and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Theile HL , Clifford HT , Rogers RW
Published: April 2005

Grass pistils show a great deal of diversity. Variations occur in the number of stigmatic branches, the point at which the styles diverge, the extent of development of hairs on the stigma and ovary, style colour and exsertion from the floret. ANOVA, contigency analysis and regression analysis showed that in the grasses of south-eastern Queensland, these attributes are related at various levels to the taxonomy of the grasses, and are, therefore, potentially useful in grass systematics. A system of 11 categories of pistils is proposed and illustrated.
Gene expression profiling reveals molecularly and clinically distinct subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Liang Yu , Diehn Maximilian , Watson Nathan , Bollen Andrew W. , Aldape Ken D. , Nicholas M. Kelly , Lamborn Kathleen R. , Berger Mitchel S. , Botstein David , Brown Patrick O. , Israel Mark A.
Published: April 2005

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma, characterized by genetic instability, intratumoral histopathological variability, and unpredictable clinical behavior. We investigated global gene expression in surgical samples of brain tumors. Gene expression profiling revealed large differences between normal brain samples and tumor tissues and between GBMs and lower-grade oligodendroglial tumors. Extensive differences in gene expression were found among GBMs, particularly in genes involved in angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We found that the gene expression patterns in paired specimens from the same GBM invariably were more closely related to each other than to any other tumor, even when the paired specimens had strikingly divergent histologies. Survival analyses revealed a set of ≈70 genes more highly expressed in rapidly progressing tumors that stratified GBMs into two groups that differed by >4-fold in median duration of survival. We further investigated one gene from the group,FABP7, and confirmed its association with survival in two unrelated cohorts totaling 105 patients. Expression of FABP7 enhanced the motility of glioma-derived cellsin vitro. Our analyses thus identify and validate a prognostic marker of both biologic and clinical significance and provide a series of putative markers for additional evaluation.