bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects Of Non-periodized And Linear Periodized Combined Exercise Training On Insulin Resistance Indicators In Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Streb Anne Ribeiro , Leonel Larissa dos Santos , Delevetti Rodrigo Sudatti , Cavaglieri Claúdia Regina , Duca Giovani Firpo Del
Published: April 2020

Background
The aim was to verify the effect of non-periodized and linear periodized combined (aerobic more resistance) exercise training on insulin resistance markers in adults with obesity.
Methods
Was conducted a blinded randomized controlled trial with three groups of individuals with obesity (BMI, 30–39.9 kg/m²): control group (CG, n = 23), non-periodized group (NG, n = 23), and periodized group (PG, n = 23). The NG and PG performed aerobic and resistance exercises in the same session in aerobic-resistance order for 16 weeks. Both intervention groups trained three sessions weekly, with total duration of 60 minutes each. The aerobic training of the NG had duration of 30 min always between 50–59% of the reserve heart rate (HRres), while resistance part was compost of 6 exercise, performed always in 2 × 10–12 maximum repetitions (RM). The PG progressed the aerobic and resistance training from 40–49% to 60–69% (HRres) and from 2 × 12–14 to 2 × 8–10 RM, respectively, along intervention period. The evaluated indicators of insulin resistance included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) collected pre and post intervention. The analyses to verify the exercise training effect were performed using generalized estimating equations.
Results
After 16 weeks of training, per protocol analysis (n = 39) showed significant reductions in HOMA-IR only in the training groups (NG: ∆=-1.6, PG: ∆=-0.6; p = 0.094). Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated significant reductions in fasting insulin levels (NG: ∆=-1.4, PG: ∆=-1.0; p = 0.004) and HOMA-IR (NG: ∆=-5.5, PG: ∆=-3.8; p = 0.002).
Conclusion
Periodized and non-periodized combined exercise training reduces similarly insulin resistance markers in adults with obesity.
Homologous Overexpression of Genes in Cordyceps militaris Improves the Production of Polysaccharide
Authors: Yang Xi , Wang Yifeng , Chen Ping , Fan Linglu , Yang Shengli , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2020

Background Cordyceps polysaccharides have been used around the globe for its bioactivity for millennia. However, the study and medicinal of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides has been hampered by the low in natural abundances. Recently, the genetic engineered C. militaris developed for production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) had received extensive attention.Results In this study, based on the biosynthetic pathway and metabolization mechanism of exopolysaccharides, the crucial biosynthetic genes of Cordyceps polysaccharides were introduced by Agrobacterium transformation to provide a high flux of EPS. 21 mutants of C. militaris were identified through antibiotic screening and DNA sequencing. The maximum yield of EPS produced by mutant CM-pgm-H was 4.63 ± 0.23 g/L, while the yield of wild-type strain was 3.43 ± 0.26 g/L. And the data obtained in the present study indicated that the yield of EPS produced by the engineered strain treated with co-overexpression of phosphoglucomutase and UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase genes achieved 6.11 ± 0.21 g/L, which was increased by 78.13% compared with the wild-type strain.Conclusions CM-pgm-H obtained the highest EPS content than that of mutants glucokinase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase. It indicated that the content of protein phosphoglucomutase was the most critical influencing factor on the CP production in C.militaris. Furthermore, the EPS production of CM-ugdh-pgm-M was significantly improved 1.78-fold by co-overexpression. It anticipated that our engineering strategies will play an important role in the development of C. militaris for sustainable production of Cordyceps polysaccharides.
Effectiveness of Community-Based Interventions for Patients with Schizophrenia: A Study Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Soo-yeon , Kim Ah Rim
Published: April 2020

Background Schizophrenia requires a community-based intervention approach combined with standard treatment to prevent relapses. A literature review is required to understand the effectiveness of community-based interventions and to enhance quality in countries where they have not been fully established. This is a protocol for a systematic review of the effectiveness of community-based interventions for patients with schizophrenia. Methods Only randomized and non-randomized controlled trials and cohort studies will be considered. Studies from September 2009 to September 2019 will be searched on five databases, with the primary words: “schizophrenia” and “community mental health services.” Studies on community-based interventions for patients with schizophrenia that originated from governmental programs will be considered. To assess bias, randomized and non-randomized trials will be analyzed via the Cochrane RoB 2.0 and the ROBINS-I, respectively. Results will be descriptively synthesized and statistically analyzed, and will be structured according to patients’ characteristics, intervention type and exposure, and outcome type. Discrete variables will be calculated via odds ratio, and continuous variables will be calculated via standardized mean difference using RevMan 5.3 software. Discussion We will provide a summary of the available evidence on the effectiveness of community-based interventions and specific guidelines to improve their outcomes. Systematic review registration CRD42019145660
Ethnobotanical study on medicinal dietary plants used by the Yi people in southeastern Yunnan, China
Authors: Sun Jingxian , Xiong Yong , Li Yanhong , Yang Qingsong , Chen Yijian , Jiang Mengyuan , Li Yukui , Li Hongrui , Bi Zizhen , Huang Xiangzhong , Lu Shugang
Published: April 2020

Background
With a population of more than 5 million, Yi is the largest of the 25 ethnic groups in Yunnan Province, China. Yi people tend to live in mountainous areas, and their culture includes a unique dietary system for treating illnesses and protecting people against them. Medicinal plants occupy an essential place in the Yi diet because they play a key role in health and the prevention and treatment of diseases. The objectives of this paper were to document the medicinal dietary plants and the traditional knowledge associated with them and describes this paper adequately.
Methods
Field investigations were carried out in six villages in Mile County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, from July 2017 to May 2018. Information was collected using participatory rural appraisal (PRA), direct observation, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, individual discussions, focus group discussions, and questionnaires.
Results
The study documented 124 species belonging to 62 families and 102 genera. These included: angiosperms (117 spp.), gymnosperms (3), pteridophytes (2), lichens (1), and fungi (1). The most commonly used plant parts were fruits and roots. The most frequently used edible parts were fruits, and the most frequently used medicinal parts were roots. The medicinal parts were used to treat conditions such as cough, catarrh, rheumatism, swelling, kidney deficiency, spleen deficiency, gastric disease, and others. Some of the plants required special preparation. Several had good economic potential due to their significant effects. In addition, a number of these plants are scarce and require conservation. The use-value (UV) and frequency of utilization index (FUI) of medicinal dietary plant species were analyzed. The 20 species with the highest UV were noted as particularly important to the Yi people’s daily life in Mile county.
Conclusion
A wide variety of medicinal dietary plants is used by Yi people in Mile. These plants occupy an essential position in the Yi diet and medicine. These plants are not only nutritious but also have medicinal value and, by consuming them, the Yi people maintain health and treat diseases through their daily diet. Ethnobotanical surveys of medicinal dietary plants provide a theoretical reference for the conservation and sustainable use of these plant resources and can contribute to the protection of the Yi food culture and traditional medicine in Mile. In addition, this information provides a basis for the development and utilization of Yi ethnic medicine and health products.
m6A RNA methylation regulators were associated with the malignancy and prognosis of ovarian cancer
Authors: jinhui Liu , siyue Li , sipei Nie , yujie Shen , huangyang Meng , rui Sun , jing Yang , Cheng Wenjun
Published: April 2020

M6A is a process of RNA methylation. Ovarian cancer poses a great threat to women's life. Abnormal modification of RNA may play a regulatory role in tumor development. RNA and clinical information come from GTEx and TCGA. “limma” was used for pre-analysis. “ConsensusClusterPlus” was used to group samples. Enrich Database was introduced for functional analysis. PPI complex was generated in STRING. GSEA was conducted to explore associated pathways. Regression model was constructed to screen hub genes. cBioPortal tool was used to compare the genetic alterations. TIMER database was used to analyze the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. “rms” package was used for nomogram and calibrate curve. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was conducted to compare the survival time. ROC curve analysis was performed to estimate the predictive value of related genes. We analyzed the association between each m6A RNA methylation regulator and the clinical features of OC. Survival analysis showed that ALKBH5, METTLE14, METTLE16, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3 and ZC3H13 were significantly associated. We further found that METTLE3 was central gene in the network of m6A RNA methylation regulators. Its interactions or co-expressions with KIAA1429, METTLE14, WTAP, YTHDF1, YTHDF3, YTHDF2 and YTHDC1 were confirmed in the String database. METTLE3 was also significantly correlated with YTHDC2 and YTHDF3. The expression profiles of METTLE3, YTHDC2 and YTHDF3 were all related to the clinicopathological features in OC. GSEA identified pathways involved in graft versus host disease and oxidative phosphorylation. Regression models identified prognosis-associated HNRNPA2B1, KIAA1429 and WTAP. Dendritic fraction, macrophage fraction and neutrophil fraction were associated with three m6A regulators. YTHDF1, WTAP and ZC3H13 showed the most diverse alterations. Our study analyzed the association between m6A regulators and clinical features of OC. HNRNPA2B1, KIAA1429 and WTAP showed high prognostic value and they participate in OC through regulating the dendritic fraction, macrophage fraction and neutrophil fraction of immune cells. This research provides a new direction for the future research on OC.
Does implementation of the PECARN rules for minor head trauma improve patient-centered outcomes in a lower resource emergency department: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sawaya Rasha , Wakil Cynthia , Wazir Adonis , Shayya Sami , Berbari Iskandar , Safa Rawan , Makki Maha , Hamade Mahdi , Tamim Hani
Published: April 2020

Background
Managing children with minor head trauma remains challenging for physicians who evaluate for the need for computed tomography (CT) imaging for clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) identification. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) prediction rules were adopted in our pediatric emergency department (PED) in December 2013 to identify children at low risk for ciTBI. This study aimed to evaluate this implementation’s impact on CT rates and clinical outcomes.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study on pediatric patients with head trauma presenting to the PED of the American University of Beirut Medical Center in Lebanon. Participants were divided into pre- (December 2012 to 2013) and post-PECARN (January 2014 to December 2016) groups. Patients were further divided into <2 and ≥2 years and stratified into groups of low, intermediate and high risk for ciTBI. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine differences between both groups.
Results
We included 1362 children of which 425 (31.2%) presented pre- and 937 (68.8%) presented post-PECARN rules implementation with 1090 (80.0%) of low, 214 (15.7%) of intermediate and 58 (4.3%) of high risk for ciTBI. CTs were ordered on 92 (21.6%) pre- versus 174 (18.6%) patients post-PECARN (p=0.18). Among patients <2 years, CT rates significantly decreased from 25.2% to 16.5% post-PECARN (p=0.03), and dropped in all risk groups but only significantly for low risk patients from 20.7% to 11.4% (p=0.02). There was no significant decrease in CT rates in patients ≥2 years. There was no increase in bounce-backs numbers, nor in admission rates or positive CT findings among bounce-backs.
Conclusions
PECARN rules implementation reduced CT rates, most significantly among patients <2 years at low risk for ciTBI. The implementation did not increase the number of missed ciTBI.
Shikonin inhibits migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via miR-17-5p/PTEN/Akt pathway
Authors: Bao Chang , Liu Tao , Qian Lingbo , Xiao Chi , Zhou Xinru , Ai Heng , Wang Jue , Fan Weimin , Pan Jie
Published: April 2020

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) is a great threat to global women’s health due to its high metastatic potential. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as a key event in the process of metastasis. So the pharmacological targeting of EMT might be a promising strategy in improving the therapeutic efficacy of TNBC. Here, we investigated the effect of shikonin exerting on EMT and consequently the metastasis of TNBC cells and its underlying mechanism.Methods: The invasive and migratory capacities of MDA-MB-231 cells were tested using transwell invasion and wound healing assay. MiR-17-5p expression was examined by qRT-PCR. MiR-17-5p targeted genes were predicted with different bioinformatic algorithms from four databases (TargetScan, miRanda, PITA and picTar) and further screened by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The differential expressions of predicted genes and their correlations with miR-17-5p were identifed in breast cancer patients based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The interaction between PTEN and miR-17-5p was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. The overexpression vector and small interfering RNA were constructed to investigate the role PTEN played in matastasis and EMT regulation. The expressions of EMT markers, Akt and p-Akt were evaluated by western blot.Results: Shikonin inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing EMT. Shikonin suppressed the expression of miR-17-5p, which was upregulated in breast cancer and promoted cancer cell migration, invasion and EMT. The 3’-untranslated region of PTEN was found to be direct binding target of miR-17-5p. PTEN expression increased or decreased in breast cancer cells transfected with miR-17-5p inhibitors or mimics respectively. PTEN functioned as a suppressor both in the metastasis and EMT of TNBC cells. Overexpression or knockdown of PTEN reduced or increased the Akt and p-Akt expression respectively.Conclusions: Shikonin inhibits migration and invasion of TNBC cells by suppressing EMT via miR-17-5p/PTEN/Akt pathway. This suggests shikonin as a promising therapeutic agent to counteract metastasis in the TNBC patients.
Population structure and geographic segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in cattle in China
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Hu Suhui , Zhao Wentao , Guo Yaqiong , Li Na , Zheng Zezhong , Zhang Longxian , Kvac Martin , Xiao Lihua , Feng Yaoyu
Published: April 2020

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic pathogen worldwide. Extensive genetic diversity and complex population structures exist in C. parvum in different geographic regions and hosts. Unlike the IIa subtype family, which is responsible for most zoonotic C. parvum infections in industrialized countries, IId is identified as the dominant subtype family in farm animals, rodents, and humans in China. Thus far, the population genetic characteristics of IId subtypes in calves in China are not clear.Methods: In the present study, 46 C. parvum isolates from cattle in China were characterized using multilocus sequenceanalysis of eight genetic loci. They belonged to three IId subtypes in the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene, including IIdA20G1 (n = 17), IIdA19G1 (n = 24) and IIdA15G1 (n = 5). The data generated were analyzed for population genetic structures of C. parvum using various tools.Results: Seventeen multilocus genotypes were identified. The results of linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated the presence of an epidemic genetic structure in the C. parvum IId population. When isolates of various geographical areas were treated as individual subpopulations, maximum likelihood inference of phylogeny, pairwise genetic distance analysis, sub-structure analysis, principal component analysis and network analysis all provided evidence for geographic segregation of subpopulations in Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Xinjiang. In contrast, isolates from Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu were genetically similar to each other.Conclusions: Data from the multilocus analysis have revealed a much higher genetic diversity of C. parvum than gp60 sequence analysis. Despite an epidemic population structure, there is apparent geographic segregation in C. parvum subpopulations within China.
Immunohistochemical Basigin Expression Level in Thyroid Cancer Tissues
Authors: Guo Wan-Ping , Tang Deng , Pang Yu-Yan , Li Xiao-Jiao , Chen Gang , Huang Zhi-Guang , Tang Xiao-Zhun , Lai Qin-Qiao , Gan Jin-Yan , Huang Xiao-Li , Liu Xiao-Fan , Wei Zhi-Xiao , Ma Wei
Published: April 2020

Background
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, Basigin (also known as BSG) plays a crucial role in tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This study was designed to identify the change of BSG expression in TC and its possible potential mechanism.
Methods
The BSG expression levels in TC were demonstrated using data collected from in-house immunohistochemical (IHC), RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), microarrays and literatures. Integrated analysis was performed to determined BSG expression levels in TC comprehensively. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed with the integration of BSG co-expressed genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TC tissues to explore the potential mechanisms of BSG in TC.
Results
The protein expression level of BSG was significantly higher in TC cases based on the IHC experiments. In addition, the combined SMD for BSG expression was 0.39 (p < 0.0001), the diagnostic odds ratio was 3.69, and the AUC of the sROC curve was 0.6986 using 1182 TC cases and 437 non-cancerous cases from 17 independent datasets. Furthermore, BSG co-expressed genes tended to be enriched in gene terms of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, and cell-cell interactions. The expression levels of nine hub BSG co-expressed genes were markedly up-regulated in TC cases.
Conclusion
BSG expression levels were closely correlated with the progression of TC and may affect the signals of the ECM, cell adhesion, and cell-cell interactions.
Association of aortic valve calcification with carotid artery lesions and peripheral artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Arita Yui , Nakayama Masaru , Matsukuma Yuta , Yoshitomi Ryota , Seki Makiko , Fukui Akiko , Tsuda Susumu , Sonoda Yuri , Imazu Rina , Arakawa Kimika , Tominaga Mitsuhiro , Nakano Toshiaki , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kitazono Takanari
Published: April 2020

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) reportedly have a high prevalence of aortic valve calcification (AVC). In population-based studies, AVC is considered a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis. The association of AVC with atherosclerotic lesions has not been fully investigated in predialysis patients. The present study was performed to determine whether carotid artery lesions and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are associated with AVC in patients with CKD not on dialysis. Methods: In total, 749 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. AVC was evaluated using echocardiography. Carotid artery lesions including carotid artery plaque (CAP) and PAD were simultaneously examined in each patient. A logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors associated with AVC. Results: AVC, CAP, and PAD were found in 201, 583, and 123 patients, respectively. In the multivariable analyses adjusted for covariates including the estimated glomerular filtration rate and makers of mineral metabolism (serum calcium, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23), AVC was significantly associated with the presence of CAP [odds ratio (OR), 3.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–7.95], the presence of PAD (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.10–2.81), the CAP score (per 1.0-point increase) (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11), and the ankle-brachial blood pressure index (per 0.1-point increase) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.95). Conclusions: AVC was associated with atherosclerotic lesions independent of kidney function and mineral metabolism. We consider that this association between AVC and atherosclerosis might reflect the burden of shared atherosclerotic risk factors.
Predicting the Treatment Response of Certolizumab for Individual Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Protocol for An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Yan , Chalkou Konstantina , Yamada Ryo , Funada Satoshi , Salanti Georgia , Furukawa Toshi A.
Published: April 2020

Background: A model that can predict treatment response for a patient with specific baseline characteristics would help decision-making in personalized medicine. The aim of the study is to develop such a model in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who receive certolizumab (CTZ) plus methotrexate (MTX) therapy, using individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA).Methods: We will search Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, and Scopus as well as clinical trial registries, drug regulatory agency reports, and the pharmaceutical company websites to obtain randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CTZ plus MTX compared with MTX alone in treating RA. We will request the individual-level data of these trials from an independent platform (http://vivli.org). The primary outcome is efficacy defined as achieving either remission (based on ACR-EULAR Boolean or index-based remission definition) or low disease activity (based on either of the validated composite disease activity measures). The secondary outcomes include ACR50 (50% improvement based on ACR core set variables) and adverse events. We will use a two-stage approach to develop the prediction model. First, we will construct a risk model for the outcomes via logistic regression to estimate the baseline risk scores. We will include baseline demographic, clinical and biochemical features as covariates for this model. Next, we will develop a meta-regression model for treatment effects, in which the stage-one risk score will be used both as a prognostic factor and as an effect modifier. We will calculate the probability of having the outcome for a new patient based on the model, which will allow estimation of the absolute and relative treatment effect. We will use R for our analyses, except for the second stage which will be performed in a Bayesian setting using R2Jags.Discussion: This is a study protocol for developing a model to predict treatment response for RA patients receiving CTZ plus MTX in comparison with MTX alone, using a two-stage approach based on IPD-MA. The study will use a new modeling approach, which aims at retaining the statistical power. The model may help clinicians individualize treatment for particular patients.Systematic review registration: PROPSPERO: ID#157595 (Pending).
Identifying incident cancer cases in routinely collected hospital data: A retrospective validation study
Authors: Goldsbury David , Weber Marianne F , Canfell Karen , O’Connell Dianne L
Published: April 2020

Objective Population-level cancer incidence data are critical for epidemiological cancer research, however provision of cancer registry data can be delayed. We previously reported that in a large population-based Australian cohort, registry-based incidence data were well matched by routinely collected hospital diagnosis data (sensitivities and positive predictive values (PPVs) >80%) for six of the 12 most common cancer types: breast, colorectum, kidney, lung, pancreas and uterus. The available hospital data covered more recent time periods. We have since obtained more recent cancer registry data, allowing us to further test the validity of hospital diagnosis records in identifying incident cases. Results The more recent hospital diagnosis data were valid for identifying incident cases for the six cancer types, with sensitivities 81%-94% and PPVs 86%-96%. However, 2%-10% of cases were identified >3 months after the registry’s diagnosis date and detailed clinical cancer information was unavailable. The level of identification was generally higher for cases aged <80 years, those with known disease stage and cases living in higher socioeconomic areas. The inclusion of death records increased sensitivity for some cancer types, but requires caution due to potential false-positive cases. This study validates the use of hospital diagnosis records for identifying incident cancer cases.
Impact of prematurity and the CTG repeat length on outcomes in congenital myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Saito Yu , Matsumura Kenta , Kageyama Misao , Kato Yuichi , Ohta Eiji , Sumi Kiyoaki , Futatani Takeshi , Yoshida Taketoshi
Published: April 2020

Objective: Approximately half of patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) are born preterm. Although the CDM severity depends on the CTG repeat length, prematurity may also affect the prognosis in patients with CDM. Given that preterm birth is expected to increase the risk of CDM in newborns, we investigated the outcomes of newborns with CDM according to gestational age to assess prematurity and the CTG repeat length for predicting prognosis. Results: We assessed the outcomes of 54 infants with CDM using data collected from our hospitals and previously published studies. The patients were divided into mild and severe groups based on clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for CDM prognosis according to gestational age and the CTG repeat length and to construct a predictive model. Logistic regression analysis showed both the CTG repeat and gestational age were significantly associated with severe outcomes in patients with CDM (OR: 45.17, 95% CI: 3.22–633.24; p = .0047 and OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59–0.91; p = .0043, respectively). This predictive model for CDM prognosis exhibited good sensitivity (67%) and specificity (86%). Both prematurity and the CTG repeat length were significantly associated with the CDM severity.
Parkinson's disease: Current assessment methods and wearable devices for evaluation of movement disorder motor symptoms - A patient and healthcare professional perspective
Authors: AlMahadin Ghayth , Lotfi Ahmad , Zysk Eva , Siena Francesco Luke , Carthy Marie Mc , Breedon Philip
Published: April 2020

Background Parkinson's disease is the second most common long-term chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease, affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. There has been a rising interest in wearable devices for evaluation of movement disorder diseases such as Parkinson's disease due to the limitations in current clinic assessment methods such as Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. However, there are only a few commercial wearable devices available, which, in addition, have had very limited adoption and implementation. This inconsistency may be due to a lack of users’ perspectives in terms of device design and implementation.Objectives This study aims to identify the perspectives of healthcare professionals and patients linked to current assessment methods and to identify preferences, needs, and requirements of wearable devices.Materials and Methods This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews followed by focus groups. Transcripts from sessions were analysed using a thematic approach.Results It was noted that the well-known assessment and monitoring process such as Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale was not used routinely in clinics since it is time consuming, subjective, inaccurate, infrequent and dependent on patients’ memories. Participants suggested that objective diagnosis and assessment methods are needed to increase the chance of effective treatment. The participants’ perspectives were positive toward using wearable devices, particularly if they were involved in early design stages. Patients emphasized that the devices should be comfortable, but they did not have any concerns regarding device visibility or data privacy transmitted over the internet when it comes to their health. In terms of wearing a monitor, the preferable part of the body for all participants was the wrist. Healthcare professionals stated a need for an economical solution that is easy to interpret. Some design aspects identified by patients included clasps, material choice, and form factor.Conclusion The study concluded that current diagnosis and assessment methods are limited. Patients’ and healthcare professionals’ involvement in wearable devices design process has a pivotal role in terms of ultimate user acceptance. This includes the provision of additional functions to the wearable device, such as fall detection and medication reminders, which could be attractive features for patients.
A Dynamical Behavior of COVID-19 Virus Model with Carrier Effect to Outbreak Epidemic
Authors: AL-Husseiny Hassan Fadhil , Mohsen Ahmed A. , Zhou Xueyong
Published: April 2020

In this paper, COVID-19 virus model with effect the carrier to outbreak of epidemic is investigated. The outbreak of Covid-19 virus, is described by a mathematical model divided the population into four classes. The first class describes the susceptible unaware to disease, the second class the susceptible with has aware to disease by media coverage, the third class the carrier individuals and the last class is infected individuals. The existence, uniqueness and bounded-ness of the solutions of the model are discussed. All possible equilibrium points are determined. The locally asymptotically stable of the model is studied. Suitable Lyapunov functions are used to investigate the globally asymptotical stability of the model. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out to confirm the analytical results and understand the effect of varying the parameters on spread of disease.
Viktor V. Zheltov, the Most Prominent Political Scientist in Siberia
Authors: Biryukov Sergey , Kislyakov Mikhail , Chirun Sergey
Published: April 2020

The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Viktor Vasilievich Zheltov, the first Dean of the Department of Political Sciences and Sociology of Kemerovo State University, the Head of the Department of Political Sciences (2003–2016), and the Head of the Dissertation Council on political and sociological sciences (1994–2007). Today V. V. Zheltov is a recognized expert in all areas of modern political science and sociology. The article contains information on his main achievements as a scientist and a leader. The authors used historical and biographical methods, document analysis, indepth interviews, and event analysis. The paper pays a tribute to V. V. Zheltov’s contribution to the development of Kemerovo State University.
Youth Migration Control in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan)
Authors: Toleuov Zhasulan
Published: April 2020

Young people make up a significant share of migrants in the modern world. The research featured the problems of migration control regarding the young population of Central Asia. The paper focuses on the causes and effects of this type of migration, as well as the means used by the authorities of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to control it. External migration has become a significant problem for both host countries and sending states. Therefore, new effective regulation methods have to be developed. The research objective was to assess the youth migration control in Central Asia, as well as to identify the motives behind this process, including the phenomenon of one-way migration. The problem of migration in the countries of Central Asia proved to be a highly-researched issue. The author used the methods of quantitative and theoretical research, as well as legal methods (formally logical) and sociological methods (statistical data and expert opinions). The work is based on a comparative analysis of regulatory documents in the field of migration and youth policy, as well as the methods and institutions that control migration processes in Central Asia. The article describes the growth rate of migration, the positive and negative consequences of youth migration, and the impact of youth migration on the socio-demographic, economic, and political development of Central Asia, as well as on the human resources in the related countries. This research contributes to the development of a more effective conceptual and doctrinal framework of migration control and youth policy in Central Asia as it helps to identify the shortcomings of the existing legal system.
La frontera historiográfica: México y Estados Unidos, 1968-1988
Authors: R. Maciel David , González de la Vara Martín
Published: April 2020

La región fronteriza entre México y Estados Unidos ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios y publicaciones desde la perspectiva de las ciencias sociales, las humanidades y la historia. Este ensayo hace una revisión de las tendencias, interpretaciones y perspectivas de los estudios fronterizos desde finales de los sesenta hasta el presente. Las obras históricas son objeto de particular atención, aunque también se analizan otras. El ensayo concluye con algunas observaciones generales sobre el estatus actual de los estudios sobre la frontera México-Estados Unidos y ofrece sugerencias sobre áreas que requieren de futuras investigaciones.
Una interpretación del impacto de las maquiladoras en el bienestar familiar y en el desarrollo regional
Authors: Carrillo Huerta Mario M.
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una evaluación de los impactos de las maquiladoras en las condiciones de vida de la comunidad. Las apreciaciones referentes al impacto de la maquila en el bienestar familiar se basan en una muestra aplicada a 1,200 trabajadores en 4 ciudades. Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar que, en términos generales y en relación con algunas variables de bienestar, la situación de los trabajadores ha mejorado como consecuencia de su empleo en la maquiladora. No obstante, existen diferencias entre las variables consideradas, pues mientras los puntajes más altos corresponden a alimentación y vestido, los más bajos se encontraron en vivienda, transporte y servicios de salud.
Asertividad y ansiedad en universitarios mexicanos y norteamericanos. Un estudio piloto
Authors: Ramírez Peredo Ángel Manuel , Mange Cabrillas Teresa
Published: April 2020

A través de una encuesta aplicada a tres grupos de estudiantes universitarios de ambos lados de la frontera México-Estados Unidos (mexicanos, chicanos y norteaméricanos), en este trabajo se trata de medir la asertividad, que es una respuesta ante situaciones que provocan ansiedad y consiste en la defensa de los derechos personales pero manteniendo una actitud de respecto ante el derecho de los demás.Los resultados indican un elevado nivel de ansiedad y un notable decremento en asertividad en el grupo de los chicanos; además, para los tres grupos en el sexo femenino se presentan mayores niveles de ansiedad, acentúandose entre los mexico-norteamericanos. Los autores finalizan indicando la necesidad de efectuar más estudios sobre el tema.
Current Translational and Clinical Challenges in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Frizziero Melissa , McNamara Mairéad G. , Lamarca Angela , Pihlak Rille , Kurup Roopa , Hubner Richard A.
Published: April 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and increasing cause of cancerrelated
deaths worldwide. Reversing this trend is complicated by the varied aetiological factors
leading to liver cirrhosis resulting in molecular genetic and clinical heterogeneity, combined
with frequent presentation at advanced stage. Large-scale genomic studies have identified
alterations in key signalling pathways for HCC development and progression, but these
findings have not yet directly influenced patient management in the clinical setting. Despite
these translational challenges, a small number of anti-angiogenic systemic therapy agents
have succeeded in recent randomized trials enriching the repertoire of available treatments for
advanced HCC. In addition, the early promise of immune checkpoint inhibition is now on the
cusp of delivering changes to standard systemic therapy algorithms. This review focuses on
recent translational and clinical developments that have advanced current practice and explores
the challenges encountered in attempting to improve the outcomes and experience of
patients diagnosed with advanced HCC.
Effect of Various Bulk Sweeteners on the Survivability of Lactobacillus casei 431 in Milk Chocolate: Rheological and Sensory Properties Analysis
Authors: Rad Aziz H. , Pirouzian Haniyeh R. , Toker Omer S. , Konar Nevzat
Published: April 2020

Background:

Probiotics are the most widely consumed functional food. Consumers demand
the production of foods also in low-calorie forms.

Objective:

In this study, Lactobacillus casei 431 and various sweeteners were used in milk chocolate
as probiotic and bulking agents, respectively.

Methods:

Samples were prepared by using sucrose or optimum polyols combination. Chocolate samples
were stored at two temperatures (4°C and 20°C) for 180 days and the viability of probiotic cells
was controlled with the purpose of specifying the presented storage temperature.

Results:

The highest probiotic viability was determined in the samples produced with sucrose and
stored at 4°C. The cell counts were retained at the functional amount after maintenance for 6 months.
Probiotic sucrose-free chocolate was more viscous than control chocolate, although displayed satisfactory
sensory attributes.

Conclusion:

As a result, the sugared and sugar-free probiotic milk chocolates could be stored at room
temperature. Due to the acceptable number of probiotic cells, the sucrose-free chocolates containing
probiotics were considered as functional foods.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for Drug Delivery: Role of Liquid Lipid (Oil)
Authors: D’Souza Anisha , Shegokar Ranjita
Published: April 2020

In recent years, SLNs and NLCs are among the popular drug delivery systems studied for the
delivery of lipophilic drugs. Both systems have demonstrated several beneficial properties as an ideal
drug-carrier, optimal drug-loading, and good long-term stability. NLCs are getting popular due to their
stability advantages and the possibility to load various oil components either as an active or as a matrix.
This review screens types of oils used till date in combination with solid lipids to form NLCs. These
oils are broadly classified into two categories: Natural oils and Essential oils. NLCs offer range of advantages
in drug delivery due to the formation of an imperfect matrix owing to the presence of oil. The
type and percentage of oil used, determine optimal drug loading and stability. Literature shows that a
variety of oils is/are used in NLCs mainly as the matrix, which is from natural origin, triglycerides
class. On the other hand, essential oils not only serve as a matrix but also as an active moiety. In short,
oil is the key ingredient in the formation of NLCs, hence it needs to be selected wisely as per the performance
criteria expected. The aim of this article is to discuss shortly the role of liquid lipids and highlight
the use of variety of oils in NLCs preparation.
Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Prendecki Michal , Kowalska Marta , Toton Ewa , Kozubski Wojciech
Published: April 2020

:

Dementia is an important issue in western societies, and in the following years, this problem will also rise in the developing regions, such as Africa and Asia. The most common types of dementia in adults are Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD), of which, AD accounts for more than half of the cases.

:

The most prominent symptom of AD is cognitive impairment, currently treated with four drugs: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, enhancing cholinergic transmission; as well as memantine, protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Despite ongoing efforts, no new drugs in the treatment of AD have been registered for the last ten years, thus multiple studies have been conducted on genetic factors affecting the efficacy of antidementia pharmacotherapy. The researchers investigate the effects of variants in multiple genes, such as ABCB1, ACE, CHAT, CHRNA7, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, NR1I2, NR1I3, POR, PPAR, RXR, SLC22A1/2/5, SLC47A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, associated with numerous pathways: the development of pathological proteins, formation and metabolism of acetylcholine, transport, metabolism and excretion of antidementia drugs and transcription factors regulating the expression of genes responsible for metabolism and transport of drugs. The most promising results have been demonstrated for APOE E4, dementia risk variant, BCHE-K, reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity variant, and CYP2D6 UM, ultrarapid hepatic metabolism. Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment.

:

In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.
L1CAM Beneficially Inhibits Histone Deacetylase 2 Expression under Conditions of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hu Chengliang , Hu Junkai , Meng Xianghe , Zhang Hongli , Shen Huifan , Huang Peizhi , Schachner Melitta , Zhao Weijiang
Published: April 2020

Background:

Cognitive capacities in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are impaired by an epigenetic
blockade mediated by histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), which prevents the transcription of genes
that are important for synaptic plasticity.

Objective:

Investigation of the functional relationship between cell adhesion molecule L1 and HDAC2
in AD.

Methods:

Cultures of dissociated cortical and hippocampal neurons from wild-type or L1-deficient mice
were treated with Aβ1-42 for 24 h. After removal of Aβ1-42 cells were treated with the recombinant L1
extracellular domain (rL1) for 24 h followed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and reverse
transcription PCR to evaluate the interaction between L1 and HDAC2.

Results:

Aβ and HDAC2 protein levels were increased in APPSWE/L1+/- mutant brains compared to
APPSWE mutant brains. Administration of the recombinant extracellular domain of L1 to cultured cortical
and hippocampal neurons reduced HDAC2 mRNA and protein levels. In parallel, reduced phosphorylation
levels of glucocorticoid receptor 1 (GR1), which is implicated in regulating HDAC2 levels,
was observed in response to L1 administration. Application of a glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor reduced
Aβ-induced GR1 phosphorylation and prevented the increase in HDAC2 levels. HDAC2 protein
levels were increased in cultured cortical neurons from L1-deficient mice. This change could be reversed
by the administration of the recombinant extracellular domain of L1.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that some functionally interdependent activities of L1 and HDAC2 contribute
to ameliorating the phenotype of AD by GR1 dephosphorylation, which leads to reduced HDAC2
expression. The combined findings encourage further investigations on the beneficial effects of L1 in the
treatment of AD.
Selenium Role in Reproduction, Pregnant/Postpartum Women and Neonates: A Current Study
Authors: Sattar Tabinda
Published: April 2020

Background:

Selenium is a micronutrient, although required in low amounts, its importance
in male and female reproduction is well known.

Objectives:

The core purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of selenium in human reproduction,
during pregnancy/ lactation in women and newborns. The review explains side by side the sources of
selenium, required amounts of selenium in humans and during pregnancy or lactation.

Methods:

Selenium deficiency is a major cause of male infertility. Similarly, selenium deficiency,
both in pregnant and postpartum women, would greatly affect the health of the newborn baby in all
respects. The effect of maternal selenium upon the fetus and the neonates even one year after birth
has been explained with some recent examples.

Results:

The study elaborates the fact that the selenium deficiency in pregnancy and lactation is
common due to fetal/infant development, so selenium supplements must be provided in order to
overcome these deficiency symptoms.

Conclusions:

The better reproductive health in humans is possible due to the sufficient amounts of selenium
present both in males and females as well.
An Optimized Approach for Breast Cancer Classification for Histopathological Images Based on Hybrid Feature Set
Authors: Nasir Inzamam Mashood , Rashid Muhammad , Shah Jamal Hussain , Sharif Muhammad , Awan Muhammad Yahiya Haider , Alkinani Monagi H.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Breast cancer is considered as one of the most perilous sickness among females
worldwide and the ratio of new cases is increasing yearly. Many researchers have proposed
efficient algorithms to diagnose breast cancer at early stages, which have increased the efficiency
and performance by utilizing the learned features of gold standard histopathological images.

Objective:

Most of these systems have either used traditional handcrafted or deep features, which
had a lot of noise and redundancy, and ultimately decrease the performance of the system.

Methods:

A hybrid approach is proposed by fusing and optimizing the properties of handcrafted
and deep features to classify the breast cancer images. HOG and LBP features are serially fused
with pre-trained models VGG19 and InceptionV3. PCR and ICR are used to evaluate the classification
performance of the proposed method.

Results:

The method concentrates on histopathological images to classify the breast cancer. The
performance is compared with the state-of-the-art techniques, where an overall patient-level accuracy
of 97.2% and image-level accuracy of 96.7% is recorded.

Conclusion:

The proposed hybrid method achieves the best performance as compared to previous
methods and it can be used for the intelligent healthcare systems and early breast cancer detection.