bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN HUTAN SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU UNIT USAHA JAMU DAN PENGOLAHAN BAHAN ALAM DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Pitri Rina Muhayah Noor
Published: January 2019

The existence of forest plants have been the source of traditional medicine for local communities. The use of natural materials by local communitiies as part of the medicinal treatment is done for subsistence. Not many identifiable utilization of the forest plants to meet the needs of business units herbal raw materials and processing of natural materials. This study seeks to identify the utilization of forest plants as raw material for herbal medicine business unit and the processing of natural materials in South Kalimantan. Mapping the distribution of the manufacturing herbal and natural ingredients also conducted and analyzed its association with the presence of the plant and within the forest. Data is collected using semi-structured interview to further analyzed descriptively. The collection of layers that constitute thematic information for the analysis of Geographic Information Systems. GIS analysis using ArcView 3.3 software. The results showed that the mixture dipterocarp forest is a forest type that is the source material for herbal medicine business unit and the processing of natural materials in South Kalimantan. The business unit is the most widely used natural materials from the forest is the micro and small (≤ 50%) or medium sized business units are relatively few industries using natural materials from the forest (± 10%). The distribution of herbal medicine business unit and the processing of natural materials in South Kalimantan uneven. Herbal medicine business unit and the processing of natural materials is also limited to the city of Banjarmasin, Martapura, Banjarbaru, Amuntai, Barabai. Distance to the forest as a source of raw materials and distribution of herbal industry/processing of natural materials not correlate significantly. The rapid development of urban economy and cultural factors related to the presence of viscous processing units herbal and natural ingredients.
KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES LAMUN DI KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Rosalina Dwi , Herawati Endang Yuli , Risjani Yenny , Musa Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Marine area which is planted by seagrass called as seagrass beds. Seagrass is one of the typical ecosystems in marine waters. Bangka Belitung Province is one of the areas in Indonesia that has seagrass ecosystem. This study aims to determine the diversity, density, and coverage area of seagrass beds in the waters of South Bangka Regency. The research was conducted in Tukak, Tanjung Kerasak, and Tanjung Kemirai. The data is collected using quadratic transect method and also data of physics-chemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, depth, velocity and water substrate. The results of the research showed that 7 species of seagrasses in South Bangka Regency are Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium and Halophila minor. Seagrass in Lempeng waters which has the highest density is Cymodocea serrulata, about 58 ind/m2. The highest frequency of seagrass species in Tukak is Thalassia hemprichii about 1%. Seagrass species of Cymodocea serrulata has the highest cover percentage in Lempeng waters about 29.56%.
PENETAPAN KONSENTRASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR UNITAS SUPER YANG TEPAT PADA TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT LOKAL (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Jamilah Jamilah , Nusri Hamdani , Zahanis Zahanis , Ernita Milda
Published: January 2019

The objective of the study was to obtain the proper concentration of POC Unitas Super on the optimal growth and yield of local cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The experiment was conducted at Kanagarian Toboh Gadang, Padang Pariaman, from July to October 2017. The location is at 20 m asl, and is 10 km from the district capital, in the dry land of latosol soil type. The tools used are the hoe, stand, rope, bucket, analytical scale, meter, rake, and stationery. Materials needed include; local cayenne pepper seedlings result from propagation of local cayenne pepper seeds, POC Unitas Super (US) obtained from Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Tamansiswa Padang. NPK Compound Fertilizers (15-15-15) are given 50% recommendation, and manure as much as 5 ton ha-1. The experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design, with 5 treatment of POC concentration ie; P0 (0 ml L-1); P1 (25 ml L-1); P2 (50 ml L-1) and P3 (75 ml L-1), replicate 4 times, so there were 20 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by using F (ANOVA) test of 5% real level if the treatment had the significant effect on BNT further test (smallest real difference) at 5% level. The parameters observed were; plant height, number of branches, the diameter of plant canopy, the age of flowering, the yield of cayenne pepper. The giving of 50 ml of L-1 POC Unitas Super every 2 weeks is the optimum concentration to increase the growth and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The production of cayenne pepper produced reached 5.55 kg plot-1 or equal to 55.50 tons ha-1.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT UNTUK KEBERADAAN EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI TELUK YOUTEFA, JAYAPURA (PENDEKATAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY)
Authors: Hamuna Baigo , Rumahorbo Basa T. , Keiluhu Henderina J.
Published: January 2019

Seagrass ecosystem in Youtefa Bay is very important and useful for the local people’s lives in around the Youtefa Bay. Willingness to Pay (WTP) of the locals toward the seagrass ecosystem is their appreciation for the existing value of seagrass ecosystem. This research explored how much the WTP was given by the local people toward the existences of seagrass ecosystem in Youtefa Bay. The data collection was conducted in March to April 2018 located in three villages around the Youtefa Bay, namely Tobati, Enggros and Nafri Villages as many as 228 respondents. Data analysis of this research was quantitative analysis to find out the mean WTP, aggregate and attribute WTP that influenced WTP value. The result of this research showed that there were 202 respondents were willing to contribute or pay and 26 respondents were not. The obtained WTP value of respondents ranged between IDR 0 to IDR 200,000.00 with mean WTP of respondent was Rp 53,464.91/year meanwhile aggregate WTP was Rp 27,480,964.91/year. Variables which had significant influence toward WTP value were participation at seminaries/trainings regarding coastal ecosystem. Meanwhile gender, age, education level, income, and profession or job variables didn’t make any significant influence toward the given WTP value amount.
DOES AN ENERGY INDEPENDENT VILLAGE BE FORMED IN NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE? CASE STUDY: BULUH AWAR VILLAGE, SIBOLANGIT SUB-DISTRICT, DELI SERDANG DISTRICT
Authors: Husni Nobrya
Published: January 2019

The potential of renewable energy in the province of North Sumatra has not given confidence to the provincial government to establish Energy Independent Village (EIV). This paper aims to describe the utilization of renewable energy in the village Buluh Awar who have had success using a water-based renewable energy as a source of electrical energy for 25 (twenty-five) years. The approach in this study is qualitative and uses data collection techniques such as observation and interview. The study was conducted in May 2016 and took place in the Buluh Awar village, Sibolangit sub-district, Deli Serdang District. The village was chosen because it has been using the power source coming from renewables for 25 (twenty-five) years, but has not been designated as EIV. The informants were: the user community; plant manager; headman; Department of Mines and Energy (Distamben) North Sumatra Province; and, Distamben Deli Serdang. Analysis of the factors that play a role in the utilization of renewable energy shows that the North Sumatra Province has the ability to form the EIV. Based on the analysis of the factors that play a role in the utilization of renewable energy, it can be concluded that the village Buluh Awar has the ability to set as DME, if followed by the intervention of the local government by providing technical assistance to improve generating capacity so that it can generate more electric power so that society can do creative activity that can push economic growth at Buluh Awar village.
STATUS MUTU KUALITAS AIR WADUK TAKISUNG DESA BANUA TENGAH KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Nurhayati Sri , Mahdiah Mahdah , Hidayat M. Ryan
Published: January 2019

The results of this research aim to determine the status of water quality using the Storet method. From the results of the study, the results of the measurement of the quality of water in the Takisung 1 Reservoir for DO parameters were 7.0 Mg/l, a temperature of 31.9oC, a pH of 5.0, phosphate of 0.27 Mg/l, and Nitrate of 0.2 Mg/l. Measurement of the quality of water in Takisung 2 Reservoir for DO parameters 7.7 Mg/l. The temperature is 30.8 oC, pH is 5.5, Phosphate is 0.04 Mg/l and Nitrate is 0.4 Mg/l. Based on the calculation of the status of the water quality of the Storet method, the Takisung 1 and 2 reservoirs are classified as lightly polluted. Based on the carrying capacity analysis of biota using the calculation of the analysis of phytoplankton and zooplankton, the abundance of phytoplankton in the Takisung 1 reservoir was 520 cells/liter, included in the medium fertility category. Diversity index is equal to 0.3010 (unstable and is in a heavily polluted condition). In the Takisung 2 Reservoir, the abundance value of 250 cells / l was obtained (medium fertility category). Diversity index of 0.6005 (category is not stable and is in a heavily polluted condition). The abundance of zooplankton in the Takisung 1 reservoir is 530 individuals / l, included in the medium fertility category. The diversity index is 0.5997 (the category is unstable and is in a heavily polluted condition). The abundance of zooplankton in the Takisung 2 reservoir is 560 individuals / including in the medium fertility category. The diversity index of 0.2089 is included in the category of being unstable and in a heavily polluted condition.
EKOLOGI TEMPAT TUMBUH SARANG SEMUT PADA TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG MEJA MANOKWARI
Authors: Sada Endria , Siburian Rima Herlina S. , Panambe Novita
Published: January 2019

The ant-plant Sarang Semut is one of the medicinal antimicrobial plants that is very beneficial to human health. As such the plant has widely been exploited in their natural habitat. The silviculture of this plant is not available due to limited knowledge about the existence in nature. Therefore, it is imperative to undertake the ecological study on the growth site of this plant in nature to collect the basic information for the culture and cultivation of this plant. The method used in this research was the descriptive method with the survey technique in Gunung Meja Nature Tourism Park, Manokwari.  The research showed that one species of ant-plant was found namely Myrmecodia cf. schlechteri Valeton. The plant is epifit to selective host plants such as  Garcinia picrorrhiza, Sterculia macrophylla, Intsia bijuga, Pometia coreacea, and Antiaris toxicaria. The ideal growth zone of this plant is in Zone 2 and 3.
POTENSI SAYUR ORGANIK LOKAL DAERAH RAWA DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH: “MANFAAT DAN TINGKAT KESUKAAN”
Authors: Nion Yanetri Asi , Jemi Renhart , Jagau Yusurum , Anggreini Trisna , Anjalani Ria , Damanik Zafrullah , Torang Inga , Yuprin Yuprin
Published: January 2019

Dayak tribe in  Central Kalimantan Province has long time ago applied the local wisdom of healthy life and environmental friendly by consuming more local vegetables that grow wild. The research was conducted from July to September 2018, by conducting survey observations and interviewing respondents in Kapuas district, Pulang Pisau district, Katingan district, Gunung Mas district, and Palangka Raya city. There are a total of 14 species found from swamp areas, namely Singkah enyuh (Cocos nucifera), Singkah undus (Elaeis guineensis), Singkah hambie (Metroxylon sagu), singkah uwei (Calamus sp), Taya (Nauclea sp), Ujau (Bambusa sp), Bajei (Diplazium esculentum), Bakung (Crinum asiaticum), Kalakai (Stenochlaena palustris), Kujang (Colocasia esculenta), Uru mahamen (Neptunia olearecea), Pucuk teratai (Nymphae sp), Genjer (Limnocharis flava), dan Kangkung danum (Ipomoea aquatica). The benefits of local vegetables aside from being a food source that has the potential as a drug, pesticides, bioethanol and various other industrial materials. The majority of respondents aged over 40 years prefer vegetables (local) and food types were soup, while middle age (16-40 years) and young (under 16 years) can adapt to vegetables from outside and a new menu from outside Kalimantan. Factors for choosing the types of vegetables to be consumed are more influenced by taste reasons (54-86%), followed by habits (32-47%) and benefits for health (39-40%).
PENGGUNAAN ASAP CAIR TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA PERUSAK DAUN TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Sari Yulia P. , Samharinto Samharnto , Langai Bambang F.
Published: January 2019

The aims of this research are to identify the dominant type of pest that attack mustard plants, to identify the component of liquid smoke of oil palm empty fruit bunches, to examine the effects of interaction between concentration level and frequency of application of liquid smoke spraying to the intensity of leaf damaging pests attack on mustard plants, to examine the effects of some concentration level and frequency of application of liquid smoke spraying severally to the intensity of leaf damaging pests attack on mustard plants, and to determine effective concentration and frequency of application of liquid smoke spraying to decrease the intensity of leaf damaging pests attack mustard plants. The research results showed that leaf damaging pests found have attacked mustard plants during the research period are Plutella xylostella L., Spodoptera litura, long caterpillar (Plusia spp.), and Crocidolomia binotalis. The test result for chemical content showed that liquid smoke of oil palm empty fruit bunches contained 20 types of chemical compounds.  The compounds with the most content found are Ethylene glycol, Acetic Acid, Phenol/Benzenol & Benzene sulfonic acid/Carbamic acid, Acetone, and Butyrolactone with each successive concentration, i.e. 52,06 %, 22,67 %, 7,76 %, 4,67 %, and 2,77 %, where it is known that phenol and acetic acid are compounds that can play a role as insecticides for pests. The effect of treatments (liquid smoke concentration, spraying frequency, and their interaction) is very real different compared to without treatment spraying liquid smoke solution (control), while the effect of concentrations (2,5ml/l;5ml/l;7,5ml/l;10ml/l) of liquid smoke and spraying frequency (once, twice, and three times a week) and their interaction severally has no real effect, giving treatments (concentration and spraying frequency of liquid smoke) decrease the intensity of pests attack for 24,83%, increase the number of leaves for 8,36%, fresh weight of plants for 127,39%, and shoot-root ratio (SRR) for 44,62%.
Mathematical Analysis of Transfusion—Transmitted Malaria Model with Optimal Control
Authors: Adeniyi Michael Olaniyi , Aderele Oluwaseun Raphael
Published: January 2019

An SIRS (Susceptible–Infected–Removed-Susceptible) mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of the Transfusion–Transmitted Malaria (TTM) model with optimal control pair u1(t) and u2(t) was developed and studied in this research work. The model Transfusion–Transmitted Malaria disease–free equilibrium and endemic equilibriums points were determined. The model exhibited two equilibriums; disease-free and endemic equilibrium. It is shown that the disease–free equilibrium was locally asymptotically stable if the associated basic reproduction numbers R0 is less than unity while the disease persists if R0 is greater than unity. The global stability of the Transfusion–Transmitted Malaria model at the disease-free equilibrium was established using the comparison method. The optimality system was derived and an optimal control model of blood screening and drug treatment for the Transfusion–Transmitted Malaria model was investigated. Conditions for the optimal control were considered using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle and solved numerically using the Forward and Backward Finite Difference Method (FBDM). Numerical results obtained are in perfect agreement with our analytical results.
On Sets ${\mathcal X} \subseteq$ $\mathbb N$ for Which We Know an Algorithm That Computes a Threshold Number $t({\mathcal X}) \in$ $\mathbb N$ Such That ${\mathcal X}$ Is Infinite If and Only If ${\mathcal X}$ Contains an eLement Greater Than $t({\mathcal X})$
Authors: Tyszka Apoloniusz
Published: January 2019

Let $\Gamma_{\fbox{n}}(k)$ denote $(k-1)!$, where $n \in \{3,\ldots,14\}$ and $k \in \{2\} \cup \left\{2^{\textstyle 2^{n-3}}+1, 2^{\textstyle 2^{n-3}}+2, 2^{\textstyle 2^{n-3}}+3, \ldots\right\}$. For an integer $n \in \{3,\ldots,14\}$, let $\Sigma_n$ denote the following statement: if a system of equations ${\mathcal S} \subseteq \{\Gamma_{\fbox{n}}(x_i)=x_k:~i,k \in \{1,\ldots,n\}\} \cup \{x_i \cdot x_j=x_k:~i,j,k \in \{1,\ldots,n\}\}$ has only finitely many solutions in positive integers $x_1,\ldots,x_n$, then each such solution $(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ satisfies $x_1,\ldots,x_n \leqslant 2^{\textstyle 2^{n-2}}$. The statement $\Sigma_6$ proves the following implication: if the equation $x(x+1)=y!$ has only finitely many solutions in positive integers $x$ and $y$, then each such solution $(x,y)$ belongs to the set $\{(1,2),(2,3)\}$. The statement $\Sigma_6$ proves the following implication: if the equation $x!+1=y^2$ has only finitely many solutions in positive integers $x$ and $y$, then each such solution $(x,y)$ belongs to the set $\{(4,5),(5,11),(7,71)\}$. The statement $\Sigma_9$ implies the infinitude of primes of the form $n^2+1$. The statement $\Sigma_9$ implies that any prime of the form $n!+1$ with $n \geqslant 2^{\textstyle 2^{9-3}}$ proves the infinitude of primes of the form $n!+1$. The statement $\Sigma_{14}$ implies the infinitude of twin primes. The statement $\Sigma_{16}$ implies the infinitude of Sophie Germain primes. A modified statement $\Sigma_7$ implies the infinitude of Wilson primes.
Monitoring and Forecasting the Impact of the 2018 Summer Heatwave on Vegetation
Authors: Albergel Clément , Dutra Emanuel , Bonan Bertrand , Zheng Yongjun , Munier Simon , Balsamo Gianpaolo , de Rosnay Patricia , Munoz-Sabater Joaquin , Calvet Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2019

This study aims to assess the potential of the LDAS-Monde a land data assimilation system developed by Météo-France to monitor the impact of the 2018 summer heatwave over western Europe vegetation state. The LDAS-Monde is forced by the ECMWF’s (i) ERA5 reanalysis, and (ii) the Integrated Forecasting System High Resolution operational analysis (IFS-HRES), used in conjunction with the assimilation of Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) satellite derived products, namely the Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) and the Leaf Area Index (LAI). Analysis of long time series of satellite derived CGLS LAI (2000-2018) and SSM (2008-2018) highlights marked negative anomalies for July 2018 affecting large areas of North Western Europe and reflects the impact of the heatwave. Such large anomalies spreading over a large part of the considered domain have never been observed in the LAI product over this 18-yr period. The LDAS-Monde land surface reanalyses were produced at spatial resolutions of 0.25°x0.25° (January 2008 to October 2018) and 0.10°x0.10° (April 2016 to December 2018). Both configuration of the LDAS-Monde forced by either ERA5 or HRES capture well the vegetation state in general and for this specific event, with HRES configuration exhibiting better monitoring skills than ERA5 configuration. The consistency of ERA5 and IFS HRES driven simulations over the common period (April 2016 to October 2018) allowed to disentangle and appreciate the origin of improvements observed between the ERA5 and HRES. Another experiment, down-scaling ERA5 to HRES spatial resolutions, was performed. Results suggest that land surface spatial resolution is key (e.g. associated to a better representation of the land cover, topography) and using HRES forcing still enhance the skill. While there are advantages in using HRES, there is added value in down-scaling ERA5, which can provide consistent, long term, high resolution land reanalysis. If the improvement from LDAS-Monde analysis on control variables (soil moisture from layers 2 to 8 of the model representing the first meter of soil and LAI) from the assimilation of SSM and LAI was expected, other model variables benefit from the assimilation through biophysical processes and feedbacks in the model. Finally, we also found added value of initializing 8-day land surface HRES driven forecasts from LDAS-Monde analysis when compared with model only initial conditions.
Cavity Closure of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Kerdpol Khanittha , Kicuntod Jintawee , Wolschann Peter , Mori Seiji , Rungnim Chompoonut , Kunaseth Manaschai , Okumura Hisashi , Kungwan Nawee , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada
Published: January 2019

2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has unique properties to enhance the stability and the solubility of low water-soluble compounds by inclusion complexation. Understanding of the structural properties of HPβCD and its derivatives based on the number of 2-hydroxypropyl (HP) substituents at the a-D-glucopyranose subunits is rather important. In this work, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the conformational changes of single- and double-sided HP-substitution called as 6-HPβCDs and 2,6-HPβCDs, respectively. The results show that glucose subunits in both 6-HPβCDs and 2,6-HPβCDs have lower chance to flip than in βCD. Also, HP groups are occasionally blocking the hydrophobic cavity of HPβCDs, thus hindering the drug inclusion. We found that HPβCDs with high number of HP-substitutions are more likely to be blocked, while HPβCDs with double-sided HP-substitution are even more probable to be blocked. Overall, 6-HPβCDs with three and four HP-substitutions are highlighted as the most suitable structures for guest encapsulation based on our conformational analyses such as structural distortion, radius of gyration, circularity and cavity self-closure of the HPβCDs.
Pilot Feedback Electronic Imaging at Elevated Temperatures and its Potential for In-Process Electron Beam Melting Monitoring
Authors: Wong Hay , Neary Derek , Jones Eric , Fox Peter , Sutcliffe Chris
Published: January 2019

Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is an increasingly used Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique employed by many industrial sectors, including the medical device and aerospace industries. The application of this technology is, however, challenged by the lack of process monitoring and control system that underpins process repeatability and part quality reproducibility. An electronic imaging system prototype has been developed to serve as an EBM monitoring technique, the capabilities of which have been verified at room temperature and at 320+10°C. Nevertheless, in order to fully assess the applicability of this technique, the image quality needs to be investigated at a range of elevated temperatures to fully understand the influence of thermal noise due to heat. In this paper, electronic imaging pilot trials at elevated temperatures, ranging from room temperature to , were carried out. Image quality measure Q of the digital electron images was evaluated, and the influence of temperature was investigated. In this study, raw electronic images generated at higher temperatures had greater Q values, i.e. better global image quality. It has been demonstrated that, for temperatures between , the influence of temperature on electronic image quality was not adversely affecting the visual clarity of image features. It is envisaged that the prototype has significant potential to contribute to in-process EBM monitoring in many manufacturing sectors. 
Dampak Penggunaan Alat Mesin Panen terhadap Kelembagaan Usaha Tani Padi
Authors: Purwantini Tri Bastuti , Susilowati Sri Hery
Published: January 2019

Mechanization is a solution for agricultural workforce scarcity, especially in rice farming. This paper aims to study performances and impacts of harvesting and threshing machines on labor institution of rice farming. This research employed survey data of National Farmer’s Panel study conducted by ICASEPS in 2010 and 2015 in wetland agro-ecosystems in Sidrap, Karawang, and Subang Regencies. Data were analyzed descriptively. Mechanization technologies were more efficient in terms of number and time of labor use compared to that of traditional. Negative impact of the machines was share croppers elimination because the land owner tended to cultivate their own farm land. Some labor lose their job opportunity, some got less income from local income share system. Farmers were unprepared to manage agricultural machinery. It is necessary to provide alternative employment for the affected workers. Agricultural mechanization needs to deal with existing traditional labor institutions to having mutual benefit.

 

Abstrak

Mekanisasi merupakan solusi dari semakin langkanya keberadaan tenaga kerja pertanian, terutama dalam usaha tani padi. Konsekuensi dari adopsi teknologi berdampak pada kinerja ketenagakerjaan dan kelembagaan pertanian setempat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi arah perubahan penggunaan alat mesin panen dan perontokan padi serta dampaknya terhadap kelembagaan usaha pertanian padi sawah.   Data yang digunakan adalah data base Panel Petani Nasional yang dilakukan oleh PSEKP tahun 2010, 2015 dan 2016. Kajian ini mengambil kasus pada lokasi penelitian agroekosistem lahan sawah di Desa Simpar (Subang).  Sindangsari (Karawang) dan Desa Carawali (Kabupaten Sidrap), Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa adopsi teknologi mekanisasi dalam kegiatan panen lebih efisien baik dari sisi tenaga kerja, biaya maupun waktu. Selain itu juga mengurangi kehilangan hasil. Dampak negatifnya menggeser pola kelembagaan penggarapan lahan dari pola sakap menyakap ke arah menggarap lahannya sendiri. Sebagian buruh tani kehilangan kesempatan kerja, berkurangnya bagian (upah) buruh tani dalam sistem bawon yang berlaku setempat. Beberapa masalah lain yang timbul adalah kurangnya kesiapan petani dalam pengelolaan alsintan. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif berkurangnya kesempatan kerja bagi pembawon serta penyakap, maka diperlukan fasilitasi untuk tumbuhnya alternatif kesempatan kerja bagi buruh yang terdampak oleh penggunaan alsintan tersebut. Selain itu, perubahan usahatani ke arah mekanisasi pertanian tersebut juga harus mempertimbangkan tatanan kelembagaan dan ketenagakerjaan setempat agar dapat tetap berjalan dengan saling menguntungkan.
Sedative use of Dexmedetomidine vs. Propofol after Cardiac Surgery: A critical review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Abowali Hesham , Paganini Matteo , Elbadawi Ayman , Camporesi Enrico
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in sedation for postoperative cardiac surgeries is controversial when compared to propofol.
METHODS: A computerized search of Medline, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases was performed through August 2018. Studies evaluating the efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in the sedation of postoperative cardiac surgery patients were searched. The main study outcomes were divided into time dependent (mechanical ventilation time; time to extubation; length of stay in the intensive care unit and in the hospital) and non-time dependent (delirium, bradycardia, and hypotension).
RESULTS: The final analysis included 15 trials with a total of 2488 patients. Time to extubation was significantly reduced in the dexmedetomidine group (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.54, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.89 to -0.18, p=0.003), as well as mechanical ventilation time (SMD= -0.71, 95% CI: -1.19 to -0.23, p=0.004). Moreover, the dexmedetomidine group showed a significant reduction in Intensive Care Unit length of stay (SMD= -0.38, 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.16, p=0.001) and hospital length of stay (SMD= -0.39, 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.19, p<0.001). However, these time dependent outcomes could have been affected by several confounding factors, thus limiting the value of these results. Incidence of delirium was reduced in the dexmedetomidine group (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.76, p=0.002), while this group of patients had higher rates of bradycardia (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.15 to 5.55, p=0.021). There was no significant difference in rates of hypotension between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Despite the apparent time advantages afforded by dexmedetomidine over propofol, the former does not show particular overall improvements in postoperative care of cardiac surgery patients. Since time dependent outcomes seems to be affected by several confounding factors, more efforts are needed to analyze factors that could affect sedation in post-cardiac surgery patients and choose unbiased outcomes.
KEYWORDS: Dexmedetomidine; propofol; cardiac surgery; postoperative sedation.
KİTLELERİN ÇEVRİM İÇİ ORTAMLARDA SANAT ÜRETİMİNE KATILIMI VE KİTLE KAYNAK UYGULAMALARI: “TRANSFORMERS PREMAKE”
Authors: AKTAŞ Seda
Published: January 2019

Yeni iletişim teknolojileri ve
telekomünikasyonun gelişmesi ile dünyanın politik, iktisadi ve kültürel olarak
farklı biçimde şekillenmesi söz konusudur. Özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci
yarısından sonra gerçekleşen toplumsal, kültürel, ekonomik değişimlerin
bireyleri biçimlendirdiği ve yeni bir toplum modeli oluştuğu iddia
edilmektedir. Etkileşim, paylaşım, bilgiye erişimde kolaylık, bağımsız ve
kolektif içerik üretimi gibi kavramların önem kazanması ile bireylerin yaşam
pratiklerinde var olan değişim, sanat alanına da yansımaktadır. Günümüzde
sanatçılar, işbirliği içerisinde üretilen sanat eserlerine ağırlık vermeye
başlamış ve sanat oluşumları, potansiyel katılımcı olarak daha geniş kitlelere
ulaşım için uygun ortamı bulmuşlardır. Çevrim içi ortamlarda mekânsal ve
zamansal olarak bir aradalık gerektirmeksizin ortak üretim sağlaması nedeni ile
“kitle kaynak” uygulamaları sanat ürünlerinin üretiminde
sanatçıların/amatörlerin kullandığı bir yöntem olarak yaygınlaşmaktadır. Yeni
mecranın gerektirdiği bu değişim ile sanatsal üretimde demokratikleşme
iddiaları söz konusu olduğu gibi, üretime katılan üre-tüketicilerden bahsetmek
olasıdır. Çalışma kitle kaynak kavramına ve uygulanışına dair temel bilgilerin
sunulması sonrasında seçilen çalışma “Transformers Premake” adlı belgesel
üzerinden kitle kaynak uygulamalarını örneklendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
3D Printing Technology in Design of Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Ameeduzzafar  , Alruwaili Nabil K. , Rizwanullah Md. , Abbas Bukhari Syed Nasir , Amir Mohd , Ahmed Muhammad Masood , Fazil Mohammad
Published: January 2019

Background:

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a novel technology for fabrication of personalized
medicine. As of late, FDA affirmed 3D printed tranquilize item in August 2015, which is characteristic of another
section of Pharmaceutical assembling. 3DP incorporates a wide range of assembling procedures, which are altogether
founded on computer-aided design (CAD), and controlled deposition of materials (layer-by-layer) to make
freestyle geometries. Conventionally, many pharmaceutical processes like compressed tablet have been used from
many years for the development of tablet with established regulatory pathways. But this simple process is outdated
in terms of process competence and manufacturing flexibility (design space). 3DP is a new technology for the creation
of plan, proving to be superior for complex products, customized items and items made on-request. It creates
new opportunities for improving efficacy, safety, and convenience of medicines.

Method:

There are many of the 3D printing technology used for the development of personalized medicine on demand
for better treatment like 3D powder direct printing technology, fused-filament 3D printing, 3D extrusion
printer, piezoelectric inkjet printer, fused deposition 3D printing, 3D printer, ink-jet printer, micro-drop inkjet 3DP,
thermal inkjet printer, multi-nozzle 3D printer, stereolithographic 3D printer.

Result:

This review highlights features how item and process comprehension can encourage the improvement of a
control technique for various 3D printing strategies.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the 3D printing technology is a novel potential for manufacturing of personalized
dose medicines, due to better patient compliance which can be prepared when needed.
Effects of Nutrients and Exercises to Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Neves Mario F. , Cunha Michelle R. , de Paula Tainah
Published: January 2019

Background:

In recent years, it has become more evident that oxidative stress is involved in the development
of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, reactive oxygen species seems to be the common mechanism for endothelial
dysfunction, vascular inflammation and arterial stiffness, resulting in a blood pressure increase and early
vascular aging.

Methods:

This review presents the potential role of antioxidant nutrients and exercise for cardiovascular protection.

Results:

Flavonoids, vitamins and minerals present in some fruits and foliage are considered natural antioxidants.
In fact, fruits and vegetables contain large amounts of antioxidants. Several clinical trials have extensively studied
vitamin E, beta-carotene, vitamin C, polyphenols, plus selenium and zinc. In addition, many authors have been
carried out clinical trials to evaluate the mechanisms of oxidative stress attenuation after exercise. Exercise responses
may vary according to the Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type (FITT) principle, making it difficult to
obtain a consensus concerning the exercise properties and redox status. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has
been reported as an efficient option for metabolic adaptations in a short time. Aerobic exercises must be performed
at least three times a week, for two months or more, using moderate to vigorous intensity to promote a
positive effect on oxidative stress and vascular function.

Conclusion:

The recognition of appropriate nutrients and exercise with antioxidant properties may be an important
supportive approach to impair early vascular aging and to prevent cardiovascular disease.
A Study on the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease Images Based on Multiple Dimensional Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Liu Yuejun , Xu Yifei , Meng Xiangzheng , Wang Xuguang , Bai Tianxu
Published: January 2019

Background:

Medical imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases.
In the field of machine learning, multiple dimensional deep learning algorithms are widely
used in image classification and recognition, and have achieved great success.

Objective:

The method based on multiple dimensional deep learning is employed for the auxiliary
diagnosis of thyroid diseases based on SPECT images. The performances of different deep learning
models are evaluated and compared.

Methods:

Thyroid SPECT images are collected with three types, they are hyperthyroidism, normal
and hypothyroidism. In the pre-processing, the region of interest of thyroid is segmented and the
amount of data sample is expanded. Four CNN models, including CNN, Inception, VGG16 and
RNN, are used to evaluate deep learning methods.

Results:

Deep learning based methods have good classification performance, the accuracy is
92.9%-96.2%, AUC is 97.8%-99.6%. VGG16 model has the best performance, the accuracy is
96.2% and AUC is 99.6%. Especially, the VGG16 model with a changing learning rate works best.

Conclusion:

The standard CNN, Inception, VGG16, and RNN four deep learning models are efficient
for the classification of thyroid diseases with SPECT images. The accuracy of the assisted diagnostic
method based on deep learning is higher than that of other methods reported in the literature.
Green Supramolecular Solvent-Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction Method for Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminum in Food, Water, Hair and Urine Samples
Authors: Gouda Ayman A. , Subaihi Abdu , El Hay Soad S. Abd
Published: January 2019

Background:

Aluminum Al(III) is the most significant metal in the earth's crust to which
humans are frequently exposed and has several industrial applications. On the other hand, Al (III) has
high potential toxic impacts on some human pathologies like Parkinson and Alzheimer's disease. So,
it is very important to monitor and determine the trace level of Al (III) in various environmental and
biological samples.

Objective:

In the present work, a novel green supramolecular Solvent-Based Liquid-Phase
Microextraction (SS-LPME) procedure has been developed to preconcentrate and determine
aluminum (III) in various real samples.

Methods:

The proposed procedure was based on the application of 1-decanol/THF as a
Supramolecular Solvent (SS) system and quinalizarin as a chelating agent. Al(III)-quinalizarin
hydrophobic complex was obtained at pH 7.0, extracted into supramolecular solvent phase (1-
decanol/THF), centrifuged and then measured spectrophotometrically at 580 nm. The impact of
different analytical parameters on the microextraction efficiency was studied and optimized. The
validation of the proposed preconcentration procedure was checked using certified reference
materials.

Results:

The calibration curve was linear in the range of 2.0-150 μg L-1. The developed method has
preconcentration factor of 40 and detection limit (LOD) was 0.20 μg L-1. The precision of the method
was confirmed with low relative standard deviation (RSD ≤ 1.0%).

Conclusion:

This study explores the effectiveness of quinalizarin for the first time together with SS
to develop green SS-LPME method to preconcentrate and separate trace quantities of Al (III) in real
water, fruit juice, food, hair, and urine samples collected from Saudi Arabia.
Synthesis of Oridonin Derivatives via Mizoroki-Heck Reaction and Click Chemistry for Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Hou Wei , Fan Qiuju , Su Lin , Xu Hongtao
Published: January 2019

Background:

Natural products (NPs) are evolutionarily chosen “privileged structures” that have a profound impact upon the anticancer drug discovery and development progress. However, the search for new drugs based on structure modification of NPs has often been hindered due to the tedious and complicated synthetic pathways. Fortunately, Mizoroki-Heck reaction and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) could provide perfect strategies for selective modification on NPs even in the presence of liable functionalities.

Objective:

Here, we used oridonin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid that showed a wide range of biological activities, as a parent molecule for the generation of analogues with anticancer activity.

Methods:

Derivatives of oridonin were generated based on the structure-activity relationship study of oridonin and synthesized via Mizoroki-Heck reaction and CuAAC. The cytotoxicity of new oridonin derivatives were evaluated on both cancer cells and normal cells. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect and cell cycle arrest effect of the selected potent analogue were evaluated by flow cytometry and western blotting analysis.

Results:

Two series of novel C-14 and C-17 modified derivatives of oridonin were obtained via Heck reaction and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), respectively. In vitro antiproliferative activities showed that the introduction of C-14 (2-triazole)acetoxyl- moiety could retain or enhance cytotoxicity, whereas the introduction of C-17 phenyl ring might exert negative effect. Further studies demonstrated that derivative 23 exhibited broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity, effectively overcame drug-resistance and showed weak cytotoxicity on non-cancer cells. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that 23 might cause G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells.

Conclusion:

Mizoroki-Heck reaction and CuAAC are perfect strategies for structure modification of complex natural products. The introduction of C-14 (2-triazole)acetoxyl- moiety could retain or enhance the cytotoxicity of oridonin, the introduction of C-17 phenyl group might exert negative effect on its cytotoxicity.
Targeting Wnt Signaling through Small molecules in Governing Stem Cell Fate and Diseases
Authors: Banerjee Antara , Jothimani Ganesan , Prasad Suhanya Veronica , Marotta Francesco , Pathak Surajit
Published: January 2019

Background:

The conserved Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is responsible for multiple functions including regulation of stem cell pluripotency, cell migration, self-renewability and cell fate determination. This signaling pathway is of utmost importance, owing to its ability to fuel tissue repair and regeneration of stem cell activity in diverse organs. The human adult stem cells including hematopoietic cells, intestinal cells, mammary and mesenchymal cells rely on the manifold effects of Wnt pathway. The consequences of any dysfunction or manipulation in the Wnt genes or Wnt pathway components result in specific developmental defects and may even lead to cancer, as it is often implicated in stem cell control. It is absolutely essential to possess a comprehensive understanding of the inhibition and/ or stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway which in turn is implicated in determining the fate of the stem cells.

Results:

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the studies associated with the implementation of small molecule compounds in key areas of stem cell biology including regeneration differentiation, proliferation. In support of this statement, small molecules have unfolded as imperative tools to selectively activate and inhibit specific developmental signaling pathways involving the less complex mechanism of action. These compounds have been reported to modulate the core molecular mechanisms by which the stem cells regenerate and differentiate.

Conclusion:

This review aims to provide an overview of the prevalent trends in the small molecules based regulation of stem cell fate via targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
Wear Performance of GCr15 Friction Pairs with Effect of Initial Radial Micro-Grooves
Authors: Yuan Wei , Mei Shengkai , Li Song , Wang Zhiwen , Yu Jie , Guo Qianjian
Published: January 2019

Background:

Grooves may inevitably occur on the surface of the friction pair caused by
severe wear or residual stress, which will play an important role on the reliability of machine parts
during operation.

Objective:

The effect of the micro-grooves perpendicular to sliding direction on the wear performance
of the friction pairs should be studied.

Method:

Micro-grooves can be machined on discs of friction pairs using electrical discharge machining.
On-line visual ferrograph method was used to monitor the wear process to research the wear rate changing
characteristic. Profilemeter and metallurgical microscope were used to observe the wear scars.

Results:

Comparing to the non-groove test, i) in one-groove test, wear volume and rate were approximate
the same, and the wear scar was smooth, ii) when the grooves more than 4, the test running-in
stage will be obviously prolonged, particularly for the test with 8 grooves on the disc, the duration of
running-in stage is 4 times than that without grooves on specimen, and the wear rate and volume increase
significantly, and then decrease with fluctuation, iii) the abrasive wear can be avoid with the
debris stagnating in the groove, however, fatigue wear will significantly emerge.

Conclusion:

Abrasive wear can be avoided and smooth running-in surfaces can be obtained with
proper amount of initial radial micro-grooves.
Therapeutic Role of Methanolic Extract of Ocimum basilicum L. Seeds and its Isolated Compound as Potent Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Agents
Authors: Parikh Nisha H. , Kothari Charmy
Published: January 2019

Background:

Ocimum basilicum seed, commonly also known as Takhmaria in Gujarat.
The seed of O. basilicum traditionally used to treat diabetes. This activity is related to the presence
of flavonoids, the major compounds of the crude extract.

Objective:

The present study was planned to examine the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential
of Ocimum basilicum Linn seed, used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

The methanolic extracts of O. basilicum seed (40 mg/kg) and isolated compound apigenin
(10 mg/kg) were administered orally for 15 days to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Anti
diabetic activity, oral glucose tolerance test, change in body weight and lipid profile of diabetics rat
treated with methanolic extracts of O. basilicum seed and isolated apigenin were assessed and which
was further compared with normal, diabetic control and standard drug-treated rat. Histological examination
was carried out on 15 days of treatment.

Results:

Methanolic extract of O. basilicum seed (40 mg/kg) and apigenin (10 mg/kg) produced a
significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level (p<0.01) and (p<0.001) respectively in the
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Significant differences were observed in oral glucose tolerance
test, serum lipid parameters and body weight for methanolic extract of O. basilicum and apigenintreated
diabetic rat as compared to diabetic, normal and standard drug-treated rat. The outcome of
the histological examinations of the pancreas treated with a methanolic extract of O. basilicum and
apigenin showed comparable regeneration of the cells, which were earlier necrosed by streptozotocin.
Methanolic extract of O. basilicum and isolated compound apigenin exhibit significant antihyperglycemic
and antihyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.

Conclusion:

From above findings, it can be concluded that the O. basilicum seed and isolated compound
apigenin must be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of diabetes and lipidlowering
activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel 1-(3-(4-Chlorophenylimino)-3,4- dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)-3-substituted phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
Authors: Visagaperumal Dhanapal , Chandy Vineeth
Published: January 2019

Background:

In this study, synthesis of some novel 1-(3-(4-chlorophenylimino)-3,4-
dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)-3-substituted phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde were done by cyclization
of dehydrated hemiketal using VilsmeierHaack reaction. The structures of synthesized compounds
were in accordance of the basis of IR, 1HNMR, Mass spectral data and elemental analyses.
The synthesized compounds had given good yields and high purity.

Methods:

The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was preliminarily screened by
paper disc diffusion technique. The determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of
the synthesized compounds were done by using tube dilution method.

Results and Conclusion:

All the screened compounds showed antibacterial and antifungal activity
against selected strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and two strains of fungus, respectively
but exhibited considerably less activity when compared to the reference drug ciprofloxacin
and Fluconazole for antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. Among the synthesized
compounds VV5 exhibited significant activity.