bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method for the sum-edge characteristic polynomials of graphs
Authors: OZ Mert Sinan , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the determinant of the sum-edge adjacency matrix of any given graph without loops is calculated by means of an algebraic method using spanning elementary subgraphs and also the coefficients of the corresponding sum-edge characteristic polynomial are determined by means of the elementary subgraphs. Also we gave a formula for the number of smallest odd-sized cycles in a given regular graph.
Análise da puericultura de crianças notificadas com sífilis congênita na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Oliveira Fábio Alves , Araújo Maria Alix Leite , Barros Valéria Lima de , Guanabara Marilene Alves Oliveira , Sena Maria Vilani de Matos , Vasconcelos Léa Dias Pimentel Gomes
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A sífilis congênita é resultado da transmissão do Treponema pallidum da gestante infectada com sífilis para o bebê, causando consequências graves para os recém nascidos. Objetivo: Analisar a puericultura de crianças notificadas com sífilis congênita na atenção primária em saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo realizado no município de Fortaleza, Ceará, que incluiu crianças notificadas com sífilis congênita nos anos de 2017 e 2018, em que havia registro de atendimento em unidades primárias de saúde. As variáveis analisadas foram: número de consultas, adequação do período da consulta para a idade, realização e resultado do teste não treponêmico de sangue periférico e no líquor, titulação, alteração liquórica, diagnóstico radiológico de ossos longos, realização de triagem auditiva e oftalmológica. Utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 20.0, e os resultados foram apresentados por meio de tabelas com medidas de tendência central. Resultados: Foram notificados, no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, 1.611 casos de sífilis congênita e analisados 715 por corresponderem às crianças que apresentaram registro de pelo menos uma consulta de puericultura na unidade primária de saúde. Compareceram à unidade com um, dois, quatro, seis, nove e 12 meses, 68,7%, 36,3%, 19,6%, 9,9%, 3,0% e 0,1% crianças, respectivamente. Não houve registro de atendimento com 18 a 24 meses. Setecentos e treze (99,6%) receberam menos de oito consultas, 92,8% duas consultas, 73% três consultas, 55,5% quatro consultas, 27,9% cinco, 14,1% seis, 5,3% sete e 1,8% oito consultas. Encontraram-se informações de tratamento para sífilis em 7,2% prontuários, de realização de radiografia de ossos longos em 3,5%, de avaliação oftalmológica em 1,9%, de exame de Estudo Laboratorial de Doenças Venéreas em 1,3% e avaliação liquórica em 0,1%. O FTABs (sigla inglesa para fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test) foi realizado aos 18 meses em 52%. Conclusão: A puericultura de crianças com sífilis congênita em Fortaleza não atende às diretrizes recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde.
Perfil epidemiológico das hepatites B e C no município de Niterói (RJ) de 2011 a 2021
Authors: Silva Clarissa Gonçalves da , Silva Marcia Santana da , Souza Fábia Lisboa de , Pantoja Lídia de Nazaré , Eppinghaus Ana Lúcia Fontes
Published: February 2022

Introdução: No Brasil, as hepatites B e C estão entre as mais comuns. Frequentemente se tornam crônicas e acarretam mais de 1,4 milhões de óbitos anualmente no mundo, seja por infecção aguda, seja por câncer hepático ou cirrose associada à hepatite. São doenças de notificação compulsória, portanto todos os casos confirmados devem ser registrados. Objetivo: Analisar os casos de hepatites B e C em residentes de Niterói (RJ) de 2011 a 2020. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, quantitativo, de casos ocorridos em residentes de Niterói, extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, sendo demonstrados em frequências relativas e absolutas. Resultados: Foram notificados 481 casos de hepatite B e 691 casos de hepatite C. Observou-se que, nos casos de hepatite B, a taxa de detecção variou entre 28,6 e 5,7 casos/100.000 habitantes, predominância de sexo masculino, faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos, autodeclarados brancos e com ensino médio completo, com forma clínica crônica e por meio do mecanismo de infecção sexual. Já os casos de hepatite C, apresentaram uma taxa de detecção com variação entre 59,0 e 9,9 por 100 mil habitantes, predominância de sexo feminino, faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos, cor branca e com ensino médio completo, com forma clínica crônica e mecanismo de infecção transfusional. Conclusão: As taxas de detecção para hepatite B apresentam tendência de queda e as de hepatite C de aumento, o que pode se referir à redução da subnotificação por conta das estratégias de busca ativa e do aumento da oferta de testagem rápida. Para ambas as infecções a razão de sexo não é relevante. A análise revelou necessidade de melhorar a qualificação dos dados em razão do grande número de incompletudes.
Fatores que aumentam a vulnerabilidade de idosos ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Siqueira Cleiton Mateus , Paixão Dayanne Cristina da , Sandes Flávia Luryane , Mendonça Amanda , Leite Anne Hellen , Lima Lorena , Carvalho Maria de Lara de , Jesus Maria Rafaella de , Andrade Paula Rosane , Silva Brenda Evelin da
Published: February 2022

Introdução: O número de casos pela infecção do vírus da imunodeficiência humana vem aumentando substancialmente entre idosos no Brasil. Entre outros fatores, a cultura de invisibilidade da vida sexual dessa população pode minimizar sua inclusão em estratégias de prevenção às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Objetivo: Identificar fatores que aumentam a vulnerabilidade de idosos à infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de estudos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF-Enfermagem e PubMed, utilizando os descritores “HIV”, “aids”, “idosos”, “vulnerabilidade sexual” e termos relacionados. Foram considerados artigos em português, publicados entre 2016 e 2021. Esse período foi definido com o propósito de agrupar evidências científicas mais recentes. Resultados: Foram encontrados 399 artigos, entre os quais 9 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Identificaram-se diversos fatores socioculturais que aumentaram a vulnerabilidade ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana em idosos. Entre eles, a deficiência no conhecimento das formas de transmissão do vírus da imunodeficiência humana, bem como a resistência ao uso de preservativo durante as relações sexuais. É notória a negação dos idosos em relação à vulnerabilidade à infecção e ao desconhecimento sobre estratégias de educação sexual e prevenção voltadas para essa população. Além disso, o estigma em relação à infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana, a qual, muitas vezes, é considerada pelos idosos como restrita a determinados grupos, como homens que fazem sexo com homens ou usuários de drogas, e a crença de que uma relação heterossexual estável e duradoura é imune à infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana aumentam ainda mais a vulnerabilidade e dificultam a aceitação de métodos de prevenção, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento oportuno. Conclusão: Diversos aspectos socioculturais, como desconhecimento, resistência a métodos preventivos e o estigma ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana, aumentam a vulnerabilidade dos idosos à infecção. Assim, as informações obtidas demonstram a importância do fortalecimento de estratégias de educação sexual e preventiva direcionadas a idosos no Brasil.
Notificação de sífilis em gestantes nos últimos cinco anos em uma maternidade pública do município de Fortaleza
Authors: Queiroz Maisa Leitão de , Brito Lívia Karoline Torres , Souza Francisco Jefferson , Aguiar Edglesy Carneiro , Santos Juliana Sampaio , Cunha Morgana Boaventura , Cavalcante Luana Duarte Wanderley , Brasil Raquel Ferreira Gomes , Pereira Livia de Paulo , Santos Vanessa da Frota
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A sífilis congênita é uma doença prevenível, desde que a gestante infectada seja diagnosticada e prontamente tratada, assim como seu parceiro sexual. No mundo, cerca de 2 milhões de gestantes são infectadas pela sífilis a cada ano. A maioria das gestantes não realiza o teste para sífilis, e as que o fazem não são tratadas adequadamente ou sequer recebem tratamento. Objetivo: Evidenciar os casos de sífilis em gestantes nos últimos cinco anos em uma maternidade pública do município de Fortaleza (CE). Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado em uma maternidade do município de Fortaleza. Os dados foram coletados por meio de consulta aos registros dos sistemas de informação do serviço durante o mês de maio de 2021. Como critério de inclusão adotaram-se os casos confirmados no ano de 2016 até dezembro de 2020. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, conforme o parecer n. 1.899.089. Resultados: Foram identificados 703 casos de sífilis em gestantes nos últimos cinco anos na referida maternidade, sendo esses distribuídos da seguinte forma: no ano de 2016, foram notificados 43 casos, correspondendo a 6,1% do total do período; em 2017, foram registrados 67 casos (9,5%); no ano de 2018, houve 253 casos (36%); no ano de 2019, ocorreram 165 casos (23,4%); em 2020, foram notificados 175 casos (25%). Observou-se um aumento exponencial no número de notificações no ano de 2018 quando comparado aos demais anos, podendo ser justificado pela oferta do teste rápido para essa população. Conclusão: Portanto, percebe-se um aumento de casos em 2018, o que pode ser atribuído em parte pelo aumento da cobertura de testagem, com a ampliação do uso de testes rápidos nas unidades saúde e em razão de esquema terapêutico incompleto.
Antibacterial and phytochemicals status of Detarium microcarpum (guill and perr) stem bark
Authors: Dahiru Musa , Saheed Kolawole , Adamu Tukur
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to provide confirmatory status on traditional usage of Detarium microcapum against urinary and intestinal infections and serve as an alternative in fighting against multi-drug resistance. Hence, the determination of chemical constituents of stem bark using GC-MS because of its sensitivity and high resolving power in identifying compounds, and test the antibacterial potential of methanol crude extract on some bacteria associated with the diseases claimed to be treated by traditional healers. Bacterial isolates were collected, and zone of inhibition diameter (ZID), minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum bacteriostatic concentration (MBS) were conducted to determine antibacterial activity. At the same time, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the phytoconstituents. The mean ZID (mm) ranged from 17.3±21 to 20.0±35 mm and showed a statistical significance difference at P< 0.05 for S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumonia. The MIC ranged from 11.67±7.6 to 4.17±1.4 mg/L, MBS 16.67±5.8 to 5.00±00, MBC 20.0±00 to 5.0±00, in order of increasing concentrations. Inspection of the MBC/MIC ratio indicated a bactericidal effect across isolates. From the GC-MS analysis, twenty-six phytochemical constituents were identified, primarily fatty acids or their esters. Chemical constituents' from D. microcapum methanol crude extract were identified. The antibacterial activity of some compounds directly correlates with the bioactivity of the same isolated and tested elsewhere, from a different source, thus its potential and therefore supporting the claim for its traditional usage. The research recommends in-depth research toward identifying specific active compounds for public health solutions.
The Positivity of Peace Intra-and Inter-State: Strategizing the Balance of Peace-State in Multi-Level Conflict Management Approach
Authors: ARİBA Mariam
Published: February 2022

This study develops two hypergame-models of intra-and inter-state conflicts within one coherent conflict management approach, modeling conflicts while considering the complexity of real-world circumstances. The aim is to apply theories of IR and media fields, composing a merged diplomatic-strategic approach for achieving peace rather than war within and inter-nations. Using the hypergame theory as a theoretical-methodological basis for modeling, we stand firmly at some equilibria positions, specifying the modality of achieving positive peace as a “win-win” formula nationally, regionally, and globally, thence strategizing a balance of peace-state of intra-and-inter-state conflicts. It can be argued that this study’s (Positivity of Peace Hypergame Model)’s fundamental equilibrium is equivalently equal to the dual formula of (Global Hegemony of Peace Versus Realist Hegemony of War’s Inevitability) as proved strategically, applicably through our provided equations. Also, a (Balance of Peace-State Hypergame Model)’s equilibria of intra-state conflicts occur at the (Mini-Maximum Equilibrium) and (Nash Equilibrium) positions. Simultaneously, this model’s solution points of the inter-state conflicts are achieved parallelly with the occurrence of three Nash equilibria, where the success of a peace process might be “limited, normal, or multiplied” as given within its relevant equations.
Shadow Hand
Authors: Sharma Dhruv , Tokas Kirti , Puri Aviral , Sharda Krishna
Published: February 2022

The shadow hand is an advanced humanoid hand that uses hand movements and trajectory tracking to control the motion of shadow hand. The shadow hand will be integrated with 40 Air Muscles or 20 DC motors with the help of which it will move. The muscles will be in accordance allowing the hand to be used around soft or fragile objects. The hand will be shaped with touch sensors on finger tips to offer high sensitivity. This shadow hand robot has its various applications in household work, telepresence operations, bomb disarmament, military and medical purposes. Through this shadow hand bot we would also be able the problems faced by handicapped people.
Corrosion Inhibition Properties of Telfaira Occidentalis Leaf Extract on Aluminium in 1.5M HCl Medium
Authors: F. A. Dawodu , E. F. Sodiya
Published: February 2022

Corrosion inhibition of aluminium by leaf extract Telfaira occidentalis in 1.5 M HCl was investigated using the gasometric technique at 28oC. Results obtained showed that the extract displayed high inhibition efficiency against corrosion of aluminium in 1.5 M HCl solution. The extract displayed nearly the inhibition efficiencies at concentration range 10 – 50% dilution of the extract. The corrosion inhibition mechanism followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm at the studied temperature. This suggests the extract constituent chemisorbed on the aluminium surface forming a protective film minimising direct contact with the corrodent.
Shaded Apertures and Bartlet Apertures for Two Line Resolutions on Aperture Shaping
Authors: Kumar T. Kiran , Narsaiah A. , Kumar K. Vinod , Sagar D. Karuna
Published: February 2022

Several criteria of resolution, e.g. Rayleigh Criterion, Sparrow Criterion etc. are used for assessment of two line resolution of unobscured imaging systems. The choice of particular criterion is usually dictated by the threshold contrast sensitivity of the detector used for the purpose. Annular apertures and Shrink apertures have a narrower central lobe in the Line spread function and therefore they are expected to provide improved two line resolution characteristics compared to their unobscured counterparts. The interrelationship between the dip in central intensity, degree of  central obscuration and the least resolvable distance are studied in this paper
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Gel Containing Kigelia africana(lam.) Benth., Fruits Extract
Authors: Bhramaramba R. , Vardahan Chowdary M. Harsha , Lova K. Bharath , Nagarjuna A.
Published: February 2022

Herbal medicine has become an item of global importance both medicinal and economical. Although usage of these herbal medicines has increased, their quality, safety and efficiency are serious concerns in industrialized and developing countries. The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Kigelia africana(Lam.) Benth., fruits extract. The gel formulation was designed by using Carbapol 940, Kigelia africana(Lam.) Benth., fruits extract, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. The skin pH (6.8-7.1) was maintained by drop wise addition of Triethanolamine. The physicochemical Parameters of formulations (pH, Spreadibility, Stability etc.) were determined. Stability studies have carried out as per ICH guidelines for 3 months at different temperatures and humidity. The results showed that formulation  ontaining Kigelia africana(Lam.) Benth., fruits extract Show better stability. Further formulations have studied for skin irritation on animal model (Rat) and result showedthat there was no skin irritation to animals.
Nutritional and Physico-Chemical Evaluations of Moringa oleifera Seedlings and Oil
Authors: T.O. Siyanbola , A. Edobor Osoh , C.O. Ajanaku , A.A. Akinsiku , E.A. Adedapo , O. Aladesuyi , I.O. Olanrewaju , O.A. Jokotagba
Published: February 2022

This work was intended to respectively examine the proximate analysis; mineral compositions and physicochemical parameters of Moringa oleifera seeds and its extracted seed oil. Harvested seedlings of Moringa oleifera plant obtained from Chukwun community in Kaduna State of Nigeria presented an oil yield of 42.51%. Percentage values of 3.47, 6.84, 3.99, 26.48, 48.29 and 12.44 respectively represents the moisture content, crude fibre content, total ash, protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content of the seeds. The mineral elemental concentration carried out showed potassium having the highest concentration of 368.95 mg/kg while zinc concentration was the lowest (6.82). Physico-chemical examinations of its seed oil reveal 194.75 mg KOH/g sample, 68.41 gICl/100g sample, and 5.6 mg KOH/g sample respective values for saponification, iodine and acid values. The findings from this investigation show that Moringa oleifera seed and oil extracted from it could be consumed and its oil could be used as base materials for several industrial processes.
Seasonal Studies of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Water Quality Assesment of River Dhamola Using Water Quality Index
Authors: Malik Dinkar
Published: February 2022

River Dhamola, an important river of Saharanpur flowing through the districts of Western Uttar Pradesh, is subjected to varying degree of pollution caused by numerous untreated and/or partially treated waste inputs of municipal and industrial effluents. The present study has been carried out with the objective to examine variation in water quality characteristics within the river system, and to establish water quality-quantity relationships to provide a proper basis for establishing water quality objectives by collecting water sample from three different locations of the river and their WQI was determined from various physico-chemical parameters during rainy, winter and summer seasons. It is found that this water body is not suitable for drinking and irrigation purpose, so possible remedial methods should be adopted for this water resource for improving its quality. In this study Water quality Index was determined on the basis of various physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, turbidity, color, TDS, calcium hardness, total hardness, alkalinity, total suspended solid, magnesium hardness, chloride, DO and BOD.
Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Penang Island, Malaysia
Authors: Hanapiah Nur Aili Hanim
Published: February 2022

Urban heat island is a serious phenomenon affecting human discomfort, health problem and increased pollution. A lot of initiative was taken to decrease its impact. However, as urban area is developed tremendously, this scenario is still a serious issue. This study attempted to identify occurring of urban heat island in Penang Island, MBPP area by using a method of temperature field observation. All the data obtained were analysed to get the temperature contour image by using ArcGIS 10.1 software through SPLINE techniques and CLIP. The results showed that showed the existence of the urban heat island at the MBPP area occurred between 7 a.m to 10 p.m. This phenomenon occured in congested area and during peak hour. The study concluded that heat island has increased yearly due to various factors such as increased of population and motor vehicles because of development, industrialization and urbanization.
Urban Sprawl and Changes in Community Lifestyle in Johor Bahru City
Authors: Siva Kumar T. Renu  , Syed Hussain Tuan Pah Rokiah
Published: February 2022

Previous studies are less clear discussing about the impact of urban sprawl on the lifestyle of the community. The objective of this study is to determine the differences in the lifestyle of the community in Johor Bahru City as a result of the urban sprawl. A total of 500 heads of households are involved in the survey with a 45-year-old minimum age group in the city. This study uses t-test analysis and the findings show that the overall lifestyle aspect of the community in Johor Bahru City shows a significant difference between the present and the previous as a result of the urban sprawl of all the lifestyle constructs and the overall lifestyle aspect itself.
Moving Beyond the Green Wall – Overcoming Environmental Pressures
Authors: Subramanian K. R.
Published: February 2022

In response to business environment several organizations in the last few decades added a department having responsibility to deal with environmental related issues. Mostly the activities were dominated by legal and regulatory action and the end-of-the-pipe, technically based solutions to these issues. Their position and authority rarely offered the potential for lending value to the firm; more often, they were viewed as a cost center by top management. When businesses’ responses to environmentalism have been tied to core business decisions, however, a great deal of organizational change has been required— including overcoming the “Green Wall” between early treatment of environmental issues and the language, tools, and culture of business. Corporate leaders have been driven to evolve over time from early focus on industrial, regulatory, and social responsibility toward a mindset of the natural environment as strategic in nature. This recognition is increasingly important, especially with the rise of broader sustainable development and corporate social responsibility concerns. This recognition is increasingly important, especially with the rise of broader sustainable development and corporate social responsibility concerns. Clearly, environmental management and strategy has reached the executive level in many larger businesses, yet often the Green Wall remains a deeply rooted cultural obstacle in organizations.
Relationship Marketing Dimensions on Customer satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: A Review
Authors: C.M. Veena Kumari
Published: February 2022

Relationship marketing is frequently employed by firms to improve their dealings with customers. A key challenge for researchers is to identify and understand how different variables influence important relationship outcomes such as customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. This study aims at analyzing the existing dimensions and also in finding out those variables which are considered to be more effective in creating customer loyalty and customer satisfaction.
Exploring the Use of Digital Materials in Teaching Graduate Accounting
Authors: James Kyle Page
Published: February 2022

The use of digital materials in higher education is an integral part of graduate student learning to enhance twenty-first-century skills. Higher education institutions have witnessed an influx of graduate students who prefer the use of digital materials. Digital materials include online assignments, quizzes, and tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the traditional approach to teaching graduate accounting with textbook only in comparison to teaching with the use of digital materials. The aim was to introduce students to the use of digital materials and how it could be used to enhance their twenty-first-century skills. The primary goal of the study was to determine whether the treatment group learned more than the control group taught in the previous semester the non-traditional approach. The null hypothesis for this study states that there was no difference in student learning outcomes between the group of students who learned using digital materials and students who learned the same course using traditional methods. The mixed-methods study design shed light on the research through the quantitative (cross-sectional) that supported the null hypothesis on the assignment grade section. The results indicate that while there were significant improvements in the overall final grades in the treatment group, the overall final grades of the control group were significantly lower. In conclusion, the use of digital materials alone is not enough to result in enhancing twenty-first-century skills. The study indicated that teaching graduate accounting should include every effective resource at the disposal of the instructor.
Expanding Your Traditional Quick Books Course with Labyrinth Learning Digital Tools in an Online Environment
Authors: James Kyle Page
Published: February 2022

This Study focuses on processes and outcomes associated with an accounting faculty initiative to reform teaching and learning in the undergraduate accounting curriculum at a private university.  The purpose of this study is fourfold. First, the study examines the preparation for students in the workplace.  Second, retention and completion of students. Third, the study examines learning outcomes to improve undergraduate teaching. Lastly, the study aims to develop an understanding of how outcomes of digital tools technology-enhanced reform can serve to alleviate time constraints on accounting faculty and address challenges of faculty in an online environment.
The Decibel Levels of TV and the Elusive Social Will
Authors: Subramanian K R
Published: February 2022

There is no dearth of media TV channels for the news of happenings around us. Through the din and noise of the TV commercials and the intermittent serials, we get news trickling down, often not any events or historic moments but the political cog mire of parliamentary or legislative arguments and the media interviews trying to brow beat any politician. Or the so called discussion in which the decibel levels of shouting matches take place! ; The media has a pet phrase ‘the public wants to know’, but often it may the least of interest for common people to know. The people at large would like to know if there is a fall in vegetable or grocery prices or improvement in industrial production or employment. But people often have to content with the Political or Advertisement Commercial noise! What people want to know is when this will stop and there will be realistic report of news. It is a nightmare experience for the TV and media viewers to contend with rising noise level often leading to switching off. Social will is absolutely necessary. This article is to find out if there is any solution for this problem!
Microfinance and the Fight Against Poverty in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kibatshi Marcel Kamba
Published: February 2022

Studying both the Congolese and Cameroonian cases, this article shows that beyond some normalisation, microfinance prompts some very distinctive ways of appropriation. The authors wonder about the role of states as “ferrymen” of the word “microfinance”. They question the ability and the freedom of organisations and local authorities to put in place microfinance schemes. In a first section, the paper underlines the normative conception going with the term “microfinance”. In a second and third sections it discusses the circulation of the term and the manufacture of practices in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon. It comes to the conclusion that despite the eventual enforcement of practices and social norms, microfinance has to acclimatize itself to divergent social, political and even religious practices.
Application of Data and Management in Engineering Sector
Authors: Subedi Chet Narayan
Published: February 2022

In this 21st century, the engineering complexity has increased drastically. Almost all the engineering problems are interdisciplinary, that means, the experts from different backgrounds (for instance, engineering, management, data analytics, etc.) are essential to solve any real time problems. The history is very affluent with many examples of project failures due to poor or inappropriate perspective. The project failures might be construction failure, start-up failure, business failure, management failure, etc. However, on the other side, there are many successful case examples which are implemented with effective management skills. Some examples include banishing darkness from Himalayan nation ‘Nepal’, travel management among millions of sports enthusiasts in 2012 London Olympics, fund raising in 2008 presidential campaign in United States of America, etc. This paper focuses on real time problems faced by most of the African countries with their isolation in online global business trend due to poor management skills. Some case examples of good management skills are presented at the end of this paper.
TEMA: Interneti Dhe Teknologjia Në Mësimdhënie
Authors: Hajdari Besnik
Published: February 2022

Gjëja më e rëndësishme në jetën humane është komunikimi. Në prehistori, njeriu në vend të ligjëratës përdorte mimikën, lëvizjet e trupit. Nevoja e njeriut për një komunikim më të mirë, bënë që të zhvillohet ligjërata. Ky ishte një hap i madh dhe i rëndësishëm në evolimin human. Më vonë kur njeriu filloi të mësojë të shkruajë, ai mundi të dërgojë mesazhe larg banesës së tij. Me zbulimin e elektricitetit, si telefoni dhe më vonë kompjuteri, sot teknologjia e komunikimit ka arritur një nivel që përveç transferimit të mesazheve, por edhe pikturave me ane të videotelefonave. Makina e shekullit XXI, kompjuteri, është gati në çdo shtëpi dhe po bëhët një mjet i nevojshëm. Posta e re elektronike, e-mail, në të cilën mund të dërgojmë edhe piktura të lëvizshme, tashmë ka zhvlehtësuar postën e letrave. Me ndihmën e sateliteve të shumtë, ne mund të realizojmë lidhje telefonike dhe video në çdo pjesë të botës. Por, teknologjia e komunikimit nuk mbaron këtu. Çdo ditë zbulohen gjëra të reja që e bëjnë komunikimin më të lehtë.
Online Marketing and Consumer Buying Behaviour of Electronic Products in the North Central Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Tyopine Hanmaikyur
Published: February 2022

This study examined effects of online marketing and consumer buying behaviour of electronic products in the north central zone of Nigeria. The population of this study comprised online marketers and online consumers in the seven states in north central zone of Nigeria. Because the population is infinite, a sample of 385 respondents were taken from marketers and the online consumers. Information was obtained from the respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, simple percentage and the relationship between the variables of the model was tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the regression analysis indicates that a negative relationship exist between perceived risk on consumer (PRK) and consumer buying behavior of electronic products in the north central zone of Nigeria (CBHV) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). A positive relationship exist between perceived enjoyment (PEN) and consumer buying behavior of electronic products in the north central zone of Nigeria (CBHV) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Perceived ease of use (PEU) was positively related to consumer buying behavior of electronic products in the north central zone of Nigeria (CBHV) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Perceived usefulness (PUF) was negatively related to consumer buying behavior of electronic products in the north central zone of Nigeria (CBHV) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). A positive relationship exist between perceived convenience (PCN) and consumer buying behavior of electronic products in the north central zone of Nigeria (CBHV) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that majority of the respondents whopatronize online shopping adopt that because of the convenience and time saving factor they obtain from it. It was recommended among others that owners of online marketing platform should ensure that they make their website dynamic and user friendly so as to attract customerswho will derive comfort and satisfaction transacting from the comfort of their homes.
The Impact of Using Artificial Intelligence on the Accounting and Auditing Profession in Light of the Corona Pandemic
Authors: Rashwan Abdul Rahman M. S. , Alhelou Eitedal M. S.
Published: February 2022

The study aims to identify the impact of the use of artificial intelligence on the accounting and auditing profession in light of the Corona pandemic. The descriptive and analytical approach was used to define the problem of the study and define the theoretical framework for the study. The statistical program (SPSS) was also used to answer research questions and test hypotheses. The two researchers used the questionnaire as a tool for the field study, as it was distributed to the study sample consisting of accountants and auditors from the owners of accounting and auditing offices in Gaza Strip, their number (170) questionnaires, and (155) questionnaires were retrieved. The results of the study concluded that there is a significant impact of the use of artificial intelligence on improving and developing the quality of professional performance of accountants and auditors, increasing the ability to complete complex accounting and auditing work, improving and developing the efficiency of accounting and auditing cadres, and developing accounting and auditing systems in light of the Corona pandemic. The study recommended the necessity for accounting and auditing offices in Gaza Strip to use artificial intelligence for the great cycle that it will undertake in improving the efficiency of the accounting and auditing process by providing the required results in a timely manner, especially in light of the Corona pandemic.
Rural Infrastructure and its Implication to Labor Market Participation in Jimma Zone, South-West Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Minyahil Alemu , Amsalu Dachito Chigeto
Published: February 2022

Rural economy remain the back bone of Ethiopian economy absorbing tremendous labour share while how these labour market behave in rural economy of Ethiopia is yet uncovered. Besides the appreciated role of rural access to basic infrastructure with reference to rural labor supply decision, the topic is not bold in domestic literature. Considering this inadequate attention to the topic, we tried to examine the impact of rural infrastructure provision on individual labour supply, and assess the implication with each component of rural services to household participation decision in the labor market, using household survey from Jimma zone. Our multinomial logit regression indicated that rural services like education, health, credit, market information and access to all-weather-road are important considerations with regard to individual labor supply decision in farm and off-farm activities. It would be better to enhance rural access to efficient agricultural extension as well as other basic services towards empowering rural livelihood, and ensuring economic transformation at large.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTERPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF FAMILY OWNED ENTERPRIES IN NAIROBI COUNTY.
Authors: Mburu Racneal Mugure , Robert Gichira  , Kyalo Teresiah
Published: February 2022

Small and Medium Family Owned Enterprises (SMFEs) are the engines of economic development through job creation and poverty reduction in any nation. Currently, the SMFEs sector in Kenya contributes over 70% of the country’s GDP. This is in spite of the challenges surrounding this vital sector including low performance as compared to non family enterprises, high mortality rate especially after the founder exits, lack of finances among others. The study seeks to establish the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and small and medium family owned enterprises performance in Kenya. The specific objectives are to find out the role of innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness in the performance of family owned enterprises in Kenya. Parker’s Theory of Proactiveness and Schumpeter’s theory of innovation were the theoretical framework for this study. Cross sectional survey design was adopted. The study population was the manufacturing family owned enterprises registered by Kenya Association of Manufacturers based in Nairobi City County. The respondents were the Founders, C.E.Os, Directors and Managers of the firms. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the quantitative data was analyzed by calculating the response rate with descriptive statistics such as mean, statistical deviation and proportion using Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 21 and Microsoft Excel. Inferential data analysis was carried out by the use of factor correlation analysis to determine the strength and the direction of the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. A regression model was fitted and hypothesis testing carried out using multiple regression analysis. Results of the study revealed a positive and significant relationship between innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness on firm performance.
Project Planning and Implementation in Rwanda National Union of Deaf Project Kicukiro District
Authors: Alpha Kadiho , Onsoti Nyabera , Kituyi Alice
Published: February 2022

A number of donor funded project fail during implementation stage due to poor planning. This study objective was to assess the impact of project planning on implementation in Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project. Specific objectives of the study included: to determine ways in which project planning impacts on successful implementation of Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District; to establish how project implementation processes are accomplished in the Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District; and to determine the impact of project planning on project implementation of Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District. The researcher used descriptive research design for data analysis. The researcher used a simple random sampling to select 112 respondents including 16 respondents who included project donors and employees, who were given questionnaires to provide quantitative data. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis models with help of SPSS version 21.0 were used to analyse the collected data from the field. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between project planning and implementation of Rwanda National Union of Deaf (RNUD) Project in Kicukiro District, Rwanda. For instance, the positive and significant relationship between project scope planning and team development (r=.821 and p=.000), between project scope planning and task assignment (r=.787 and p=.000), between project scope planning and plan execution (r=.848 and p=.000) between project resource planning and team development (r=.834 and p=.000) between project resource planning and task assignment (r=.772 and p=.000) between project resource planning and plan execution (r=.858 and p=.000) For the findings, the study recommend project employees should be equipped with more planning skills to enhance the process of project planning by including the project beneficiaries, The researcher would also like to recommend to project beneficiaries to be part and parcel of project planning and implementation process of RNUD Project to enhance its performance and ensure full participation of stakeholder to enhance productive implementation process of project and beneficiary satisfaction.
Fund Allocation Strategies and Project Sustainability: A Case of Vision City Project in Kigali City
Authors: Sebijumba Kagiraneza , Rusibana Claude
Published: February 2022

The intention of this research is to examine the contribution of fund allocation strategies and sustainability of Vision City Project in Kigali. This research project is guided by three specific objectives such as to determine the impact of participatory planning on the sustainability of the Vision City Project in Kigali, to analyze the role of rate of return on the sustainability of the Vision City Project in Kigali, to establish the relationship between fund allocation strategies and sustainability of the Vision City Project in Kigali. This study is significant to policy makers in terms of formulating policies that favor sustainability of the project. The study is also significant to the future researchers in terms of using it as point of reference in regard to fund allocation strategies and project sustainability. The descriptive research design was applied in this study with a target population of 120 employees of the project, the same number were considered for sample size because it is reasonable and the sampling technique applied here is census sampling techniques, questionnaire and interview guides helped to gatherer the collected data which was coded, analyzed, interpreted in relation to the study objectives. The results have indicate a significant positive correlation between participatory planning and rate of returns (p=.646 and sig=.003), between project ownership and stakeholder satisfaction (p=742 and sig=.000), and rate of returns and stakeholder satisfaction (p=.536 and sig=.000). Hence, the results confirm a significant positive relationship between project sustainability of vision city in Rwanda. The results have also revealed that R coefficient .815 shows fund allocation strategies has a positive relationship with project ownership. The coefficient of determination .665 R square also shows that fund allocation strategies explains 66.5% of the variability in project ownership. Hence, this implies that the predictors such as constant, consultative project design, participatory planning and rate of returns affect the progress of project ownership by 66.5% in Vision City Project. In conclusion, since the results of the study have proved that there is a positive significant relationship between fund allocation strategies and project sustainability. Thus, the researcher also recommends to the government to continue encourage the private sector, investors and big business owners to allocate their fund in promoting project which can be sustainable and benefit the general public. The researcher cannot forget to recommend seminars, study tours and workshops to private sector federation to promote skills and knowledge on the allocation of funds to make sure sustainability of both private sector and government.
Types of Assessment Tests Used in the Teaching and Learning of English Language in Awendo Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Odundo Otiep Augustine , Odera Florence Y. , Oyiengo Karen A.
Published: February 2022

Continuous Assessment is a very important process in any educational program and it is also one of the key steps in curriculum implementation in primary schools in Kenya. The government of Kenya adopted continuous assessment to help in gauging learners’ performance with a view of making necessary adjustments to help improve teaching and learning process. The instructional methodologies used in the teaching and learning process are meant to provide attainment of certain goals in education, however, it can be said that continuous assessment has not been given the attention it requires because learning outcome has continued to be poor, especially in English language in class seven which is a pre-candidate class for national examination. The data on performance of learners in English language as a subject is available in Awendo Sub-County. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of assessment used in teaching and learning of English language in class seven in public primary schools in Awendo Sub-County. Descriptive survey research was used in conducting this study. The study was conducted in Awendo sub-county, Migori County. The study targeted 71 head teachers, 71 class seven teachers of English, 5 Curriculum Support Officers and 2354 pupils, giving a total population of 2501. Saturated sampling was used to sample head teachers, teachers of English and Curriculum Support Officers. However, on the side of the pupils, the researcher used simple random sampling to get the sample size of 235 which is 10% of pupils’ population. Therefore, the total sample size was 382. To establish the validity and reliability of research instruments, piloting was done in two schools that would not be included in the study. Data collection was done using questionnaires for class seven teachers of English and class seven pupils and interview schedules for head teachers and C.S.Os. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and results presented in the form of tables, graphs and descriptive form. The findings of this study may be useful to the Ministry of Education officials who are the policy makers, the Teachers Service Commission and other researchers. It may be useful for them to help in undertaking further research in the teaching and assessment of English language in the country. The research findings were as follows: the study revealed that formative assessment was commonly used. The study recommended that the government should employ more teachers to reduce teacher shortages in schools, teachers should use a variety of instructional methods and different types of continuous assessment tests in the teaching and learning. The study also recommended that further research should be done in other counties.
UNLOCKING THE FACTS BEHIND NURSING STUDENT CLINICAL PRACTICES: CHALLENGES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Kusumawaty Ira , Yunike  , Devi Mediarti  , Yeni Elviani
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic increases the complexity of implementing nursing clinic practices fluctuating.   Clinical-stage learning outcomes are strongly influenced by online learning methods at the academic stage which preparing  students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes before treating patients positively.  In fact, preparation in academic stage is feared, because it can affect the formation of student professionalism.  Many studies have revealed students' problems during clinical education, but information relating to student experience during clinical nursing practice is still very limited. This research aims to identify and explore the experience of nursing students in caring for Covid-19 patients during the nursing clinic. Qualitative research with phenomenological approaches and data collection using in-depth interviews have been implemented in this study.  Participants are nursing students who have participated in nursing clinic practices during the Covid-19 pandemic, numbering 14 participants. Participants ‘exposure was done with purposive sampling techniques.   Researchers are research instruments using in-depth interview guidelines and voice recording devices.   Trustworthiness efforts are made by conducting peer debriefing and member checking. The data were analyzed with Colaizzi's method and resulted in three main themes: gaining valuable experience during treatment, as a role model, and empathy for patients.