bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients during COVID-19
Authors: Vasigar Prathap , Mahendran Rajalakshmi , Mohan Reenaa
Published: March 2021

Lockdown during COVID-19 have impact in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients requiring medication and routine physical activity. The stress, development of complications of chronic diseases, locked in experience, fear of dying and loneliness in hospital. All these issues suggest that mental health of the diabetes patient is being affected enormously. In this report, we discussed the experience of three patients with diabetes mellitus and among them two acquired COVID-19 admitted to the COVID ward.
El efecto de la doble escolaridad sobre la participación laboral femenina en República Dominicana
Authors: Garganta Santiago , Zentner Joaquín
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se analiza la incidencia de un aumento en las horas escolares de los niños sobre la oferta laboral femenina en República Dominicana. La reciente política de Jornada Escolar Extendida (JEE) duplica las horas escolares en el sistema público dominicano, lo cual podría generar un cambio en las decisiones laborales de los hogares beneficiados. En particular, esta iniciativa relaja las restricciones que enfrentan las mujeres para participar en el mercado de trabajo, teniendo en cuenta que las madres son típicamente las principales encargadas del cuidado de sus hijos. Mediante la aplicación de una metodología no experimental de diferencias en diferencias se compara la evolución en la participación laboral de las madres elegibles (con hijos en escuela pública) y no elegibles (con hijos en escuela privada) por este programa educativo, antes y después del mismo. Los resultados sugieren un aumento significativo en la tasa de actividad femenina, que se focaliza en mujeres cónyuges, de baja educación y pertenecientes a zonas urbanas. Estas estimaciones son robustas frente a diferentes especificaciones que intentan eludir el posible efecto composición (transitorio) entre los grupos de tratamiento y control.
Research Insights: How Much Has Human Mobility Been Reduced by Social Distancing Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean?
Authors: Aromi Daniel , Bonel María Paula , Cristia Julian P. , Llada Martín , Pereira Juan I. , Pulido Xiomara , Santamaria Julieth
Published: March 2021

The lockdowns implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean in March 2020 reduced the share of people who travel more than 1 km (about 0.6 miles) per day by 10 percentage points during the 15 days following its implementation. The effects of the lockdowns declined over time: the effect amounted to 12 percentage points during the first week and to 9 percentage points during the second week of the implementation of the lockdowns. In contrast, school closures reduced mobility by only 5 percentage points, and no effects were found for bar and restaurant closures or the cancellation of public events. The results suggest that lockdowns are a tool that can produce reductions in mobility quickly. This is important given the expectation that reduced mobility slows the spread of COVID-19.
Project Completion Report Analysis: Implications for the Portfolio
Authors: Álvarez Carola , Corral Leonardo , Martínez José , Montiel César
Published: March 2021

This investigation builds on the Alvarez et al. (2021) Project Completion Report (PCR) analysis and its aim is to assess the implications of that study for the current portfolio of projects under execution at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). We use the sample of PCRs which reached operational closure (CO) in 2017 and 2018 to estimate the impact that design and execution performance characteristics of projects played in the likelihood of ending as successful and/or effective. Based on the estimated coefficients, we construct risk curves to isolate the effect specific characteristics have on the likelihood of a project being classified as unsuccessful/ineffective. We then use the estimated coefficients and, using the actual values for the current portfolio of projects in execution, identify the fraction of the portfolio that is at risk of ending as unsuccessful/ineffective projects. According to our analysis, of the 249 projects assessed, 39 have a 50% or less chance of being successful. Thirteen (13) projects have less than a 10% chance. For about 70% of the projects analyzed, given the characteristics they exhibit, the likelihood that they end up successful has already been curtailed. The type of analysis presented here can help IDB Management identify key performance indicators to keep track of during execution to periodically assess the level of risk it is willing to accept in terms of projects ending unsuccessful/ineffective as rated by the current PCR methodology.
Curcumin alleviates LPS-induced retinal inflammation by inhibiting PI3k/Akt signaling pathway
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China, Li Yan , Li Xue ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China, Zhou Shan-Bi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To investigate whether the curcumin reduce retinal inflammation in animal model and human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE)-19 cells.
METHODS: In vivo, male C57/B6 mice received intraperitoneal injections of curcumin for 3d before intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg) to induce retinal inflammation. 24h after LPS application, the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Concanavalin A lectin perfusion-labeling technique evaluated leukocyte adhesion to the retinal vasculature. The protein concentration in the anterior chamber was measured with a protein quantification kit. In vitro, ARPE-19 cells were cultured. The optimum concentration of curcumin was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Before stimulated with 5 μg/mL LPS, ARPE-19 cells were incubated with or without curcumin for 1h. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. PI3K/Akt expression was analyzed by Western blotting.
RESULTS: Curcumin pre-treatment led to significant inhibition of EIU-associated leukocyte adhesion to retinal blood vessels and anterior-chamber protein leakage. The mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines was also significantly reduced with application of curcumin in vivo, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Meanwhile, Curcumin significantly attenuated the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 at both mRNA and protein levels in ARPE-19 cells. Curcumin suppressed PI3K/Akt phosphorylation as well as NF-κB activation in LPS-activated ARPE-19 cells.
CONCLUSION: Curcumin plays a preventive effect on LPS-induced retinal inflammation. The beneficial effect appears associated with inhibiting of the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway.
Comparative study on corneal cross-linking with isotonic and hypotonic riboflavin: can hypotonic riboflavin be applied in thinner corneas?
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE (Amadora-Sintra), Lisbon 2720276, Portugal, Lopes Ana Sofia , Henriques Susana ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE (Amadora-Sintra), Lisbon 2720276, Portugal, Pêgo Peter ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE (Amadora-Sintra), Lisbon 2720276, Portugal, Vendrell Cristina ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE (Amadora-Sintra), Lisbon 2720276, Portugal, Prieto Isabel ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE (Amadora-Sintra), Lisbon 2720276, Portugal
Published: March 2021

AIM: To compare the results of corneal cross-linking (CXL) with isotonic (IR) and hypotonic riboflavin (HR) in patients with keratoconus and to verify the efficacy of keratoconus in thinner corneas.
METHODS: Retrospective study of 29 eyes/keratoconus patients submitted to CXL, 15 eyes with application of IR (IR group) and 14 eyes with application of HR (HR group). The parameters analysed included (1-year follow-up): best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), sphere and cylinder, central and finer pachymetry, mean and maximum keratometry (Km and Kmax respectively), complications and progression.
RESULTS: An increase on the BCVA scale (logMAR, logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) was observed in the two groups: 0.26±0.57 (IR) and 0.47±0.72 (HR) before treatment, and 0.13±0.79 (IR) and 0.29±1.52 (HR) at the 1y. Only at 1y, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.018, group IR with higher BCVA). The central pachymetry (μm) decreased at 1mo in both groups, and increased in the following months: 497±28 μm (IR) and 432±14 μm (HR) before treatment, and 480±31 μm (IR) and 424±15 μm (HR) to the 1y. The thinner pachymetry (μm) presented the same evolution: 487±29 μm (IR) and 410±20 μm (HR) before treatment, and 468±33 μm (IR) and 413±13μm (HR) at 1y. Km and Kmax decreased in both groups (P>0.05). Six eyes from each group presented transitory haze. No eye progressed to the 1y.
CONCLUSION: The use of hypotonic riboflavin seems to be a valid alternative for performing the traditional corneal cross-linking technique in eyes with a central corneal thickness of <400 μm.
Evaluation of cerebral visual functions in low myopic adolescents
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China; Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China, Liu Yun , Yan Li ,   National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China, Chu Hang ,   National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China, Wu Dian-Peng ,   National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
Published: March 2021

AIM: To explore whether low myopia would affect cerebral visual functions by comparing perceptual eye position (PEP), fixation stability and stereoacuity tests between low myopic and normal adolescents.
METHODS: Totally 120 adolescents matched in age and gender participated in our study. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their refractive states. The cerebral visual functions tested in our study included perceptual eye position (PEP), fixation stability and stereoacuity. Stereoacuity tests involved in our study could be categorized into two parts. The first part was classical stereo tests including Titmus and synoptophore stereo test. The second part was 3D random-dot test for zero-order stereoacuity (hereinafter as zero-order test) at different viewing distances (0.8 m and 1.5 m).
RESULTS: The deviation of horizontal PEP was significantly larger in non-anisometropia when compared to control group. Both horizontal and vertical PEP bias pixels were significantly larger in anisometropia group. Both non-anisometropia group and anisometropia group had more trouble in holding their fixation stable. Moreover, anisometropia group had more abnormal results than other two groups. And in zero-order test at 1.5 m, both non-anisometropia and anisometropia had more abnormal results in stereoacuity than control group. The correlation between fixation stability and near stereoacuity (Titmus and zero-order stereoacuity at 0.8 m) was weak and positive.
CONCLUSION: Low myopic adolescents still have certain defects in cerebral visual functions. Examinations used in our study are useful in assessing cerebral visual functions. They could provide better follow-up evaluation and solid ground for further specific treatments in treating defects of cerebral visual functions. So far, local retinal environment has been the focus of the development in myopia. Our results suggested that researchers might pay more attention on visual cortex in studying the mechanisms of myopia in the near future.
Caracterización físicoquímica e hidrobiológica de tres ecosistemas kársticos de la cuenca del río Magdalena (Antioquia, Colombia) durante el ciclo hidrológico 2016-2017
Authors: Jiménez-González Diana María , Murillo-García Kathiana , Ríos-Pulgarín María Isabel
Published: March 2021

Los estudios sobre la fauna acuática de ecosistemas kársticos tropicales son escasos, lo que dificulta entender su dinámica, así como reglamentar su conservación. En este contexto, entre octubre de 2016 y abril de 2017 se desarrolló un estudio para caracterizar las comunidades de peces y macroinvertebrados acuáticos que habitan las corrientes asociadas con ecosistemas kársticos de los municipios de San Luis y Sonsón (Antioquia, Colombia) y su relación con las condiciones ambientales internas y externas mediante métodos estandarizados de recolección y tratamiento de datos biológicos y fisicoquímicos. Además, se determinó la composición y la abundancia de especies de peces y macroinvertebrados, así como los índices ecológicos de diversidad y dominancia, y los de bioindicadores de la calidad de agua (BMWP/Col) con base en macroinvertebrados bentónicos. La variabilidad espacial y temporal, así como la relación entre los parámetros ambientales y biológicos, se estableció mediante análisis de varianza y discriminantes canónicos. Los resultados evidenciaron que los macroinvertebrados más abundantes fueron los efemerópteros de las familias Leptoplebiidae y Baetidae (Thraulodes sp y Camelobaetidius), los coleópteros de la familia Elmidae (Microcylloepus) y los tricópteros de las familias Hydropsychidae (Leptonema) y Philopotamidae (Chimarra). Entre los peces la especie más representativa fue Poecilia caucana. A pesar de que ninguno de estos organismos evidenció una dependencia particular con las variables físicas y químicas del agua, sí mostraron preferencia por el exterior de las cavernas, aunque con movilidad entre los compartimentos del sistema en función del tipo de cobertura vegetal y la oferta de recursos de cada caverna, lo que sugiere una dependencia entre el estado de conservación del bosque, los vertebrados y la vida acuática de las cavernas.
Socio-Spatial Research on Logistics and Its Impact on Urban Environment: A Review
Authors: López-Sánchez José A. , Roca Beltrán
Published: March 2021

This review article attempts to respond to the following research questions: how has evolved socio-spatial analysis on logistics, which are the most studied types of this economic activity, and the major impacts of logistics on urban space. This article draws on a systemized bibliometric analysis to identify the main tendencies in logistics' spatial study. It identifies four clusters of literature that put interest on different subtopics and approaches. The review reveals the current hegemony of applied research that focuses on sustainability, streamlining, and technology, mainly from the USA and China, despite research on globalization and industry. In fact, concerning the urban space, the most vivid academic discussion revolves around the location of warehousing and transport activity within cities. Finally, the article highlights the lack of critical perspectives on logistics and socio-spatial conflicts generated by logistics extension in mainstream academic literature. The analysis concludes that socio-spatial disputes related to logistics remain understudied and, consequently, further research should be conducted on this field.
Vulnerability of Calabar Rainfall to Climatic Variability Events: A Critical Factor in Integrated Water Resources Management in the Tropical Coastal Location in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Solomon O. , Agbor Mfongang E. , Udo Sunday O.
Published: March 2021

In this study, Calabar annual total rainfall was analysed for trend and climatic variability events with focus on drought occurrence. Monthly rainfall data from in situ measurements over a 41 year period (1972-2012) were used for the study. Standard tests were used to evaluate the trends and variability in annual rainfall. Rainfall variability was estimated as standardized rainfall departures and used to identify and delimitate the dry and wet spell sequences of Calabar rainfall. The rainfall series were analysed for Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) using SPSS Version 17 software. The least squares regression plot was executed using Excel 2010 to depict the trend, variability and regression parameters. The average annual rainfall for Calabar is 2984.64 mm with standard deviation of 394.9 mm. 36.59% of the period showed positive SPI while 63.41 % of the period indicated negative SPI values. Wet spell dominated the later part of the period but sandwiched with dry spells whereas dry spell were dominant from 1972 to 1994. The area experienced a non-significant upward trend of 15.21 mm per year over the interval. The SPI values indicate that Calabar experienced distinct inter-annual rainfall cycles that represent mild to extreme droughts and wet spells which are a demonstration of consequential annual rainfall variability. The results underscore the need for effective monitoring of Calabar rainfall for prompt warnings and responses that would guarantee effective risk reduction and management in the run-in to the occurrence of the extreme events. The paper further highlights the need for data-driven approach to policy making in water resources management. This would provide a fascinating insight into the improvement in long-term water resources management in the city and its suburbs.
What’s Next for Green Human Resource Management: Insights and Trends for Sustainable Development
Authors: Khan Muhammad Hamza , Muktar Syaharizatul Noorizwan
Published: March 2021

The theme of green human resource management (GHRM) has got immense attention among researchers and professionals due to its potential to pacify environmental needs and simultaneously allowing firms to have win-win situation, hence achieving sustainable competitive edge over their rivals. In this context, a systematic review of 70 articles from the past 12 years (2008-2020) on green human resource management was conducted based on Scopus database in terms of (1) the reflections of green HRM, (2) execution of green HRM, (3) factors of green HRM, (4), Effects of green HRM. Results demonstrated that Green HRM is still in developing phase and a multidimensional paradigm with green training as an important element along with teamwork, management support, green organizational culture are the pioneer factors in ensuring sustainable development both at firm and individual level. Finally, this paper highlights the past, current and future endeavors in green HRM paradigm, sustainable development and serves as a guide for researchers who are new to this novel concept; it will also intensity their understanding about the productive journals, appropriate methodology, underpinning theories, sustainable development and substantial knowledge gaps.
A New Controller for Voltage and Stability Improvement of Multi Machine Power System Tuned by Wind Turbine
Authors: Griche Issam , Messalti Sabir , Saoudi Kamel , Touafek Mohamed Yaakoub , Zitouni Fares
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a new controller for stability and voltage improvement of power networks equipped by wind turbine which optimize the dynamical response of power systems performances (voltage and transient stability) after fault. The proposed control algorithm based on new Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller to enhance the mechanical power of the synchronous machine into power system. The efficiency of developed control strategy has been tested using IEEE 9 Bus. Simulation results have showed that the proposed method perform better performances over wide range of disturbances for three considered scenarios studied.
Ordinary Differential Equations Models for Observing the Phenomena of Temperature Changes on a Single Rectangular Plate Fin
Authors: Goeritno Arief
Published: March 2021

In this study, the heat and mass transfer of the blood flow, particularly in a capillary tube having a porous lumen and permeable wall in the presence of external magnetic field are considered. The velocity, temperature and concentration of blood flow become unsteady due to the time dependence of the stretching velocity, surface temperature and surface concentration. The thermal and mass buoyancy effect on blood flow, heat transfer and mass transfer are taken into account in the presence of thermal radiation. This analysis is very much useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The equations governing the flow under some assumptions are complex in nature, but capable of presenting the realistic model of blood flow using the theory of boundary layer approximation and similarity transformation. First, the system of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then the solutions are obtained by Runge-Kutta method of 4thorder with shooting technique. The effects of various parameters such as Hartman number, radiation parameter, unsteadiness parameter, permeable parameter, thermal buoyancy parameter, Prandtl number, mass buoyancy parameter, velocity slip parameter, thermal slip parameter, Schmidt number on velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are depicted through graphs. Local Sherwood number enhances because of increase in Schmidt number. Moreover, some of the important results, which are discussed in the present study and have an impact on diseases like hyperthermia, stoke and moyamoya in human body.
Branched polymers of N-isopropylacrylamide: A 2005–2020 review of english literature
Authors:   ACRYPOL Ltd., Bayburdov Telman A. , Shmakov Sergei L. ,   Saratov State University
Published: March 2021

The search and the analysis of English scientific literature from 2005 to 2020 devoted to the methods of obtaining branched polymers and copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide were made in order to obtain novel materials with valuable properties. It was found that modern methods of controlled radical polymerization were mainly used for this purpose, namely, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), polymerization with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and group transfer polymerization (GTP). In most cases the original compounds were the chain transfer agents in RAFT. CuCl was commonly used as a catalyst in ATRP; while in some cases cores of a different chemical nature (β-cyclodextrin, zinc phthalocyanine or zinc porphyrin) were used. In a number of cases, click chemistry reactions were used for synthesis. Depending on the order of the synthesis, a distinction was made between the “corearms” and “arms-core” approaches. The prospects of using branched N-isopropylacrylamide polymers as thermoresponsive materials, membranes for controlled drug release, photocatalysts, and agents of targeted photodynamic therapy and photoelectric storage of information were estimated.
The Circle Game: Poetry and Sustainable Enterprises
Authors: Edgeman Rick , Yogen Sevak Kunal
Published: March 2021

Organisational progress toward sustainable social and natural environments is essential. So too, is financial performance sufficient to support organisational investment in sustainability. Perspectives as to what organisational sustainability is, how it is pursued, and its preferred fruits have evolved in recent years to incorporate both inclusion and circularity. Regardless of the prevalent organisational perspective, the organisation will need to formulate and execute a triple top-line strategy to deliver triple bottom line performance and impacts. Interpretation of inclusion depends on whether organisational focus is internal, or is riveted on people, communities, or societies the organisation serves or hopes to impact. Herein inclusion is principally outward-looking, and hence primarily addresses marginalised individuals or groups, including individuals at the base of the pyramid. Organisations aiming to ‘do well, by doing good’ are called for-benefit organisations and are central to this effort and, often, are inclusive businesses. More than ‘doing good’, such organisations may aid disadvantaged or marginalised individuals or groups through beneficial cultural innovation and transformation. Companion to inclusivity is circularity, where businesses focus on resource recovery and redeployment. New business models aiming to direct organisations toward sustainable excellence, will incorporate inclusivity and circularity.
Synthisophy – Integrating the Wisdoms of History into Present Culture
Authors: Houle Andre
Published: March 2021

The current paper discusses the concept of synthisophy. Synthisophy is defined as the scientific integration of knowledge and wisdom derived from the study of history into the present culture. The paper provides a philosophical view on contemporary sociopolitical issues in the USA and reviews Chapters 1 through Chapter 15 of the original book on synthisophy. The paper’s conclusions contribute to the current state of understanding of sociopolitical affairs exploring various theories such as human evolution, Argumentative Theory, Bloom’s Taxonomy, and brain function.
Dem(oli/uda)ción del lenguaje en la poesía de Mario Martín Gijón. Nueva oleada de la vanguardia en España
Authors: Śmiłek Ewa
Published: March 2021

El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la poética de Mario Martín Gijón (Villanueva de la Serena, 1979) como una lírica de corte vanguardista, situada en la periferia de la poesía de la experiencia, dominante en el panorama poético en España. Tomando como punto de partida las ideas de Jonathan Mayhew, de Antonio Méndez Rubio y de Eduardo Milán acerca de la vanguardia se intenta probar que en el primer poemario de Martín Gijón, Latidos y desplantes (2011), el autor se decanta por la vanguardia y como tal entiende su obra poética.
Pícaros y fantasía, o una posible recepción contemporánea de la secuela lazarillesca de Amberes
Authors: Calzón García José Antonio
Published: March 2021

El artículo pretende realizar una relectura de la continuación del Lazarillo de Tormes publicada en Amberes en 1555 a partir de las codificaciones actuales del género fantástico, reformulando la lectura del texto –y en particular del episodio central de la novela, esto es, la metamorfosis de Lázaro en atún– desde el prisma y los referentes teóricos de la narrativa contemporánea, con vistas a replantear la consideración crítica hacia un texto muy poco estudiado y tradicionalmente ensombrecido por los logros revolucionarios del relato del que se hace deudor.
La novela de mi vida: jugando con la memoria
Authors: Mlčoch Jan
Published: March 2021

La posmodernidad ha permitido borrar las fronteras entre la realidad y la ficción. En estas circunstancias apareció la nueva novela histórica que tenía por objetivo contribuir al debate sobre la memoria colectiva. El arte –en nuestro caso la literatura– ha reemplazado a la historia como fuente del saber histórico. La novela de mi vida (2002), con su peculiar estructura metaficcional, del autor cubano Leonardo Padura nos permite hacer un análisis literario a través del cual comentamos los límites borrosos entre la ficción y la realidad haciendo hincapié en la construcción de la memoria histórica de los cubanos.
En la búsqueda de la verdad y la memoria históricas de las víctimas jóvenes del patronato de protección de la mujer: Ruega por nosotras y Las desterradas hijas de Eva de Consuelo García del Cid Guerra
Authors: Kobiela-Kwaśniewska Marta
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo se enfoca en desvelar la otra cara del Patronato de Protección de la Mujer, fundado originalmente con la finalidad de vigilar y dignificar la moral de la mujer ‘caída’ o ‘en riesgo de caer’ y reeducarla con arreglo al patrón nacionalcatólico del franquismo. No obstante, en los centros de esta institución imperaba la ley de la violencia contra la mujer, hecho desconocido generalmente por la sociedad española y denunciado por Consuelo García del Cid Guerra, una de las ex internas del Patronato y la autora de dos ensayos políti-cos: Ruega por nosotras (2015) y Las desterradas hijas de Eva (2012), libros que nos servirán de referencia y vertebrarán el presente análisis con fin de destapar la otra imagen del Patronato y reclamar la verdad y memoria históricas de las víctimas menores de edad bajo su tutela.
La probable composición del inventario ganadero de la expedición de Gonzalo Pizarro al País de la Canela (Una contribución a la crítica de las fuentes históricas)
Authors: Achmatowicz Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Dentro de nuestros estudios en torno de la temprana exploración de la región amazónica (expedición de Gonzalo Pizarro y Francisco Orellana) han aparecido informaciones, en diferentes fuentes del siglo XVI, sobre grandes números de animales (caballos, perros, llamas y cerdos) que acompañaron al equipo de Pizarro en su salida de Quito (1540/1541). La magnitud de rebaños nos llamó tanta atención que nos propusimos verificar la veracidad de estas informaciones, recurriendo tanto a las fuentes históricas como, por cierto muy escasas, aportaciones contemporáneas. Como resultado salieron hartas dudas en cuanto a las informaciones mencionadas, particularmente a raíz de tratar de dilucidar la cuestión de la introducción de los animales europeos, con el propósito de su crianza, en el Nuevo Mundo.
Genetic Diversity of Natural Morchella spp. from the Southern Gansu Province Based on rDNA-ITS, China
Authors: Wang L. , Zhou Q.P. , Liu J.M. , Shi G.H.
Published: March 2021

Background: China is a mainland country rich in natural Morchella spp. resources. At present, about half of the natural Morchella spp. in the world has been recorded in China. The current study was aimed at the classification and cultivation of Morchella spp. This study provided a more accurate molecular trait for the systematic classification of Morchella spp. in southern Gansu Province, China. Methods: From April to May 2019. Based on the molecular biological analysis of 16 natural Morchella spp. strains collected from the southern Gansu province, China. the ITS fragments between transcripts of the rDNA gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Result: The results of BLAST comparison according to GenBank showed that the 16 tested strains of Morchella spp. were classified into 5 species, which were M.angusticeps, M.esculenta, M.elata, M.crapssipes and M.conica. According to the molecular evolutionary trees constructed by the Maximum-Parsimony method (MP) and the Neighbour-Joining method (NJ), the topological structures of the two molecular evolutionary trees were similar and the Bootstrap verification had a high support rate, indicating that the phylogenetic relationship had high credibility.
Rapid Micropropagation Protocol of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis using Cotyledonary Node Explant: A Cultivated Medicinal Edible Legume
Authors: Madkami Sanjay Kumar , Moharana Arpita , Barik Durga Prasad
Published: March 2021

Background: The presence of L-dopa coupled with rich protein and amino acid marked Mucuna pruriens var. utilis as an important under-utilised legume. Therefore, it is useful to develop a method for large-scale multiplication for commercial production. Method: Tissue culture technology is successfully utilized in propagation of plants with poor and uncertain response to conventional propagation. Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium without any Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) was used for seed germination and with PGRs for shoot and root multiplication. Result: Highest 95% seed germination was found in fresh seeds at 7-8 days of culture. Shoot multiplication percentage was found to be 100% with highest c.a. 21.1 shoots with an average 4.8 cm shoot length on MS + BAP 1.5 mg L-1 per 10 days old cotyledonary node explant. A total c.a. 144 shoots were harvested after 3rd harvest of the mother cotyledonary node with two whole cotyledons at day 70. Rooting was best induced in in vitro derived shoots on MS medium without any PGRs and plantlets were acclimatized in sand and soil (1:1) and established in pot with garden soil.
Identification of Stable and High Yielding Dual Season Genotypes in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: . Sidramappa , Kuchanur P.H. , Shobharani M. , Arunkumar B. , Kulkarni S.A. , Sowmya H.C.
Published: March 2021

Background: The production of pulses recorded a negative growth rate due to stagnation in expansion of pulse growing area and very slow progress in the improvement of productivity of important pulses. Therefore, there is urgent need to increase the area under pulse crops by promoting them into new areas and seasons. Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is third most important pulse crop both in acreage and production in India and hence, identification of high yielding dual season (kharif and summer) stable blackgram genotypes is very crucial for horizontal expansion of crop, which in turn leading to increased production. The present study was thus envisaged to identify stable, high yielding dual season (kharif and summer) genotypes. Methods: Twenty-five blackgram genotypes were evaluated at three different locations during kharif and summer seasons to identify high yielding, stable and suitable for dual season. The data obtained from six environments was subjected to stability analysis as per Eberhart and Russell (1966). Result: Analysis of variance for stability revealed that variance due to genotypes, environment and environment + (genotype × environment) were highly significant for all the characters. The genotypes viz., TRCRU-136, BDU-20, BDU-18, AKU-15 and TRCRU-22 were found early maturing with wider adaptability to unfavourable environments. While, BDU-18 and LBG-465 were found stable in expression with high mean performance across the six environments for 100-seed weight. From the present study, six promising stable genotypes viz., BDU-17, TRCRU-22, BDU-18, TRCRU-339, TRCRU-18 and IC 436778 were identified for cultivation during kharif as well as summer seasons.
Comparative Study of Five Legume Species under Drought Conditions
Authors: Basheer-Salimia R. , Aloweidat M.Y. , Al-Salimiya M.A. , Hamdan Y.A.S. , Sayara T.A.S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Vegetative, reproductive and grain-filling phases are critical developmental stages determined legume’s yield and grain quality. Drought is the key factor affecting legumes ontogeny and production. The main goal of the present study is to compare growth, yield and seed quality of different legume species grown under drought conditions. Methods: Completely randomized design were used in this experiment with five local legume species including faba bean, chickpea, lentil, common vetch and bitter vetch, with five replicates using a net plot size of 20 m2 area (4m*5m) / replicate. Plants were grown at the eastern slopes of Bethlehem governorate (Latitude 31”67, Longitude, 35”24, Altitude of 629 m, with hilly-moderate to steep slope topography) under drought conditions (average rainfall is 260 mm). Growth performance (germination, flowering, fruit set, maturation, harvesting, stem length and branching), yield components (weight of 100-seeds, fresh weight, seed and hay production) and seed quality traits (percentages of dry weight, protein and ash) were evaluated. Result: Significant morphological, yield and grain quality parameters among the evaluated legume genotypes were registered. Positive correlation between branching and total yield was obtained. For economical and sustainable legume grain production, bitter vetch and common vetch could be successfully recommended under drought conditions, whereas faba bean and chickpea cultivation should be excluded from severe drought regions. Significant higher protein content in common vetch, faba bean and lentil was obtained, meanwhile the proximate analysis (dry matter, protein and ash) of the five examined crops found to be slightly high but within the documented international percentage range. Drought seems to be the main factor affecting legumes ontogeny and production, but not the quality parameters.
Evaluación de los riesgos químicos por inhalación de las sustancias utilizadas en una industria gráfica
Authors: Villalobos-González Wendy , Sibaja-Brenes José Pablo , Mora-Barrantes José Carlos , Álvarez-Garay Benjamín
Published: March 2021

En el proceso productivo de una industria gráfica, se utilizan insumos y materias primas para la impresión de documentos. Un insumo son los productos químicos que podrían generar un riesgo químico, si no se controlan de forma adecuada mediante protocolos de uso, almacenamiento y disposición de desechos. Algunas sustancias químicas utilizadas son: tintas, disolventes, diluyentes, pegamentos, gomas protectoras, reveladores de plancha, entre otros. El riesgo químico por inhalación (RQI) es generado en los lugares de trabajo por el uso de sustancias con cantidades de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOCs), que podrían afectar negativamente la salud de los trabajadores, una evaluación de RQI podría contribuir a identificar y evaluar las sustancias químicas y generar medidas para la disminución en el impacto a la salud. Estas evaluaciones involucran medir factores como: la cantidad utilizada de una sustancia química, la exposición que tiene una persona con el contaminante en el medio y la toxicidad del producto químico. En el presente proyecto de investigación se realizó una identificación, valorización y priorización del nivel de riesgo químico por inhalación (NRQI) generados en una industria litográfica tipo “offset” en Costa Rica. La identificación de los riesgos y peligros se efectuó utilizando herramientas como: revisión bibliográfica, lista de chequeo, entrevistas e inspecciones de campo. La valorización y priorización de los NRQI se llevó a cabo mediante la metodología francés del Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Seguridad (INRS). Del total de los 15 productos químicos utilizados por la industria, se obtuvo que el 53,3 % presentan un RQI muy elevado. Los productos que presentan el mayor valor de NRQI son: el thinner y el limpiador de rodillos, los cuales se utilizan para la limpieza de las máquinas con residuos de tinta, con una frecuencia de uso continua en cantidades entre los 0,7 L/mes y los 20,0 L/mes. Por el contrario, se identificaron cinco productos con valores bajos de NRQI, tales como: la tinta en cartucho, el refrigerante, el limpiador 4, el isopropanol y la goma protectora de planchas.
Revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Centeno-Romero Maximiliano , Chacón-Arrieta German , Vega-Aguilar José Alexander , Gonzalez-Torres Antonio , Leitón-Jiménez Jason
Published: March 2021

Las comunicaciones moleculares constituyen un área de investigación dinámica que ha mostrado tener un gran potencial para resolver problemas en disciplinas tan diversas como la ingeniería de las telecomunicaciones, la nanotecnología, la medicina, la biotecnología y la bioquímica. El estudio de este tipo de tecnología es reciente y ha dado origen a un gran número de publicaciones que se encuentran dispersas, por lo que su estudio requiere un esfuerzo para localizarlas, organizarlas y estudiarlas. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre las comunicaciones moleculares, a fin de analizar la forma en que está siendo aplicada en diferentes ámbitos. El estudio efectuado contempla el periodo comprendido entre el 2006 y 2018, y tomó en cuenta 28 artículos, después de haber pasado por varios filtros y criterios de selección. El resultado demuestra que la mayoría de los trabajos de investigación publicados desarrollan aspectos generales, pero un grupo importante aborda la experimentación en campos de la salud y la biomedicina. La discusión de los resultados plantea otros posibles usos de este tipo de comunicaciones y su posible integración con otras tecnologías.
Evaluación de los parámetros físicos y químicos del agua de mar en los alrededores de la Isla Uvita, Limón, Costa Rica
Authors: Alfaro-Sandí Jaime , Piedra-Marín Gilberto , Saravia-Arguedas Ana Y. , Piedra-Castro Lilliana
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo evaluó una serie de parámetros físicos y químicos para determinar la calidad del agua marina en los alrededores de la isla Uvita, Limón, Costa Rica, y determinar la posible influencia de las descargas procedentes del emisario submarino de la ciudad de Limón sobre el entorno marino circundante. Se evaluaron nutrientes (nitritos, nitratos, silicatos, fosfatos y amonio), metales pesados (plomo, cromo, níquel), sólidos (disueltos y sedimentables) y parámetros físicos (pH, temperatura, turbiedad, etc.). La zona de estudio se dividió en segmentos circundantes a la isla y se ubicaron 6 puntos de muestreo alrededor de la misma con el fin de comparar la calidad del agua de las áreas con mayor influencia del emisario con las de menor influencia. Se programaron tres actividades de muestreo: setiembre 2012 (época lluviosa), octubre 2012 (transición lluviosa-seca) y setiembre 2013 (época lluviosa). Los niveles de nutrientes, metales pesados, sólidos y parámetros físicos, se compararon con los reportados en la literatura para el Golfo de México y el Mar Caribe, encontrándose que, en general, eran mayores a los reportados en la literatura. En particular, los datos del último muestreo mostraron un incremento considerable en la concentración de los metales pesados (Pb, Cr y Ni), que podría ser atribuido a factores ajenos a las descargas del emisario como por ejemplo las operaciones portuarias y las actividades antropogénicas industriales, las cuales repercuten en la zona mencionada.
Citrus Canker in Sudan: Etiology and Epidemiology
Authors: Hamid Elshafia Ali
Published: March 2021

Citrus bacterial canker disease (CBCD) caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is one of the most destructive diseases to the citrus plantations worldwide, newly invaded, and threatened citriculture in Sudan. Occurrence and spread of CBCD in Sudan have been surveyed in two states, representing the main citrus producing states in Sudan. Field surveys were conducted during January 2015 in commercial citrus orchards and nurseries at the two locations. Symptomatology, host range study, physiological and biochemical characterization of the isolated pathogen were also carried out to obtain important clues on pathogen identification. In addition, the pathogenicity test was performed on detached leaves of several selected citrus varieties such as grapefruit, orange and lime to establish the identity of the presumptive Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). The disease on lime orchards in northern and southern Sawagi (Kassala State) recorded a disease incidence of 66.6% and 18%, respectively. In nurseries, the disease incidence attained 51.7% and 53.6% in northern Sawagi and southern Sawagi, respectively, while in Khartoum State the disease was unexpectedly detected at a considerably high incidence of 45%, but at only one nursery, no disease detected in Khartoum State` s orchards during these surveys. Lime trees displayed typical symptoms of CBCD, but nearby canker-susceptible citrus species, such as grapefruit (C. paradisi) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) were unaffected. Typical symptoms of CBCD were noticed on leaves, twigs, fruits and branches. The pathogenicity tests of the recovered canker isolates induced typical lesions on local lime only, but produced atypical lesions on other citrus varieties. All the biochemical and physiological characteristics obtained from the re-isolations were also indicative of the presence of Xcc. As important perspectives, it appeared that these citrus canker isolates were distinctive and specific on lime. They were very similar to the pathotype and they attained an epidemic level in Kassala State.
The Development of Fiqh Munākaḥah (Marriage Jurisprudence) Material Course in Madurese Islamic Universities and Its Relation with Gender Equality and Divorce Prevention
Authors: Maimun Maimun , Nawawi Ainul Haq , Syawqi Abdul Haq
Published: March 2021

Explanation of Law 1/1974, number 4 point e, obviously accentuates the principle of complicating divorce. It requires specific reasons beyond the lawsuit and, in line with article 115 of KHI (Kompilasi Hukum Islam; Islamic Compilation Book), obliges the process to take place in the court trial. This implies that divorce needs prevention from the whole parties both persons and institutions, including Islamic universities. Islamic universities have both academic and social responsibilities to prevent divorce due to their strategic duties and function in community development and empowerment, specifically for spreading knowledge. This research aims to identify how far Madurese Islamic universities perform their roles and function by designing fiqh munākaḥah (marriage jurisprudence) materials for students as prospective husbands and wives. It focuses on whether the materials get developed and are compatible with gender equality and divorce prevention efforts. Using a qualitative approach particularly its phenomenological type, this study took place in three Madurese Islamic universities. It revealed that the latest development of fiqh munākaḥah materials are still mostly about the normative perspective from classical fiqh literature with very little relevances to either gender equality spirit or divorce prevention effort.(Penjelasan UU Nomor I Tahun 1974, angka 4, huruf e, jelas menekankan prinsip untuk mempersukar perceraian dengan mewajibkan alasan-alasan tertentu serta, senada dengan KHI Pasal 115, mengharuskan proses perceraian terjadi di depan sidang pengadilan. Ini menunjukkan bahwa tugas mencegah perceraian harus dilakukan siapapun, baik perorangan ataupun instansi, termasuk Perguruan Tinggi Islam. Perguruan Tinggi Islam memiliki tanggung jawab akademik dan sosial karena tugas dan fungsinya yang strategis dalam pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, terutama dalam penyebaran pengetahuan. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Madura menjalankan peran dan fungsinya tersebut, penelitian ini menelusuri kajian fiqh munākaḥah sebagai bahan konsumsi bagi calon-calon suami dan istri, khususnya apakah materi-materi tersebut sudah berkembang dan sesuai dengan wacana kesetaraan gender dan upaya pencegahan perceraian. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berjenis fenomenologis, penelitian ini mengambil setting di 3 Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Madura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan terbaru kajian fiqh munākaḥah masih didominasi kajian normatif dari sumber fiqh klasik sehingga belum relevan dengan semangat kesetaraan gender maupun upaya pencegahan perceraian)
Peranan Agama Dalam Menyikapi Konflik Komunal pada Pilpres 2019
Authors: Candramukti Febrihada Gahas
Published: March 2021

Pelaksanaan Kontestasi pemilihan presiden tahun 2019 diadakan secara serentak memiliki dua perbedaan mendasar dengan pemilu 2009 dan 2014. Pertama, Pemilihan pilpres serentak tersebut mengeluarkan anggran pendapatan belanja Negara lebih banyak yakni 25,59. Ke dua, masing-masing pasangan capres pernah berkontestasi sebelumnya dan menggandeng pasangan cawapres yang sama-sama menggunakan agama sebagai jargon dan kampanye. Namun meningkatnya jumlah anggaran dalam kontestasi pemilihan capres dan cawapres 2019 tidak menjamin terbebas dari konflik. Konflik komunal antara ke dua pasangan dan pendukungnya menyebabkan kekerasan fisik dan korban kematian. Peran agama dalam menyikapi konflik tersebut yakni sebagai pemersatu dan pembawa perdamaian dengan mengedapankan dua cara yakni, pertama pola interaksi positif berlandaskan Akhlakul karimah, kedua adanya rasa saling mengalah, melepaskan sifat agresivitas dari masing-masing kandidat, artinya menerima hasil pemilihan yang diselenggarakan secara demokratis. Kedua cara ini dilakukan secara integral dengan niat baik dan tulus dari pihak-pihak terlibat konflik.