bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of different fat depots in NAFLD using inflammation-associated proteome, lipidome and metabolome
Authors: Lovric Alen , Granér Marit , Bjornson Elias , Arif Muhammad , Benfeitas Rui , Nyman Kristofer , Ståhlman Marcus , Pentikäinen Markku O. , Lundbom Jesper , Hakkarainen Antti , Sirén Reijo , Nieminen Markku S. , Lundbom Nina , Lauerma Kirsi , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Mardinoglu Adil , Boren Jan
Published: September 2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, accompanied with excessive fat accumulation in the liver and other vital organs. Ectopic fat accumulation was previously associated with negative effects at the systemic and local level in the human body. Thus, we aimed to identify and assess the predictive capability of novel potential metabolic biomarkers for ectopic fat depots in non-diabetic men with NAFLD, using the inflammation-associated proteome, lipidome and metabolome. Myocardial and hepatic triglycerides were measured with magnetic spectroscopy while function of left ventricle, pericardial and epicardial fat, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Measured ectopic fat depots were profiled and predicted using a Random Forest algorithm, and by estimating the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. We have identified distinct metabolic signatures of fat depots in the liver (TAG50:1, glutamate, diSM18:0 and CE20:3), pericardium (N-palmitoyl-sphinganine, HGF, diSM18:0, glutamate, and TNFSF14), epicardium (sphingomyelin, CE20:3, PC38:3 and TNFSF14), and myocardium (CE20:3, LAPTGF-β1, glutamate and glucose). Our analyses highlighted non-invasive biomarkers that accurately predict ectopic fat depots, and reflect their distinct metabolic signatures in subjects with NAFLD.
The potential HLA Class I-restricted epitopes derived from LeIF and TSA of Leishmania donovani evoke anti-leishmania CD8+ T lymphocyte response
Authors: Dikhit Manas Ranjan , Das Sushmita , Mahantesh Vijaya , Kumar Akhilesh , Singh Ashish Kumar , Dehury Budheswar , Rout Ajaya Kumar , Ali Vahab , Sahoo Ganesh Chandra , Topno Roshan Kamal , Pandey Krishna , Das V. N. R. , Bimal Sanjiva , Das Pradeep
Published: September 2018

To explore new protective measure against visceral leishmaniasis, reverse vaccinology approach was employed to identify key immunogenic regions which can mediate long-term immunity. In-depth computational analysis revealed nine promiscuous epitopes which can possibly be presented by 46 human leukocyte antigen, thereby broadening the worldwide population up to 94.16%. This is of reasonable significance that most of the epitopes shared 100% sequence homology with otherLeishmaniaspecies and could evoke a common pattern of protective immune response. Transporter associated with antigen processing binding affinity, molecular docking approach followed by dynamics simulation and human leukocyte antigen stabilization assay suggested that the best five optimal set of epitopes bind in between α1 and α2 binding groove with sufficient affinity and stability which allows the translocation of intact epitope to the cell surface. Fascinatingly, the human leukocyte antigen stabilization assay exhibited a modest correlation with the positive immunogenicity score predicted by class I pMHC immunogenicity predictor. A support for this notion came from ELISA and FACS analysis where the epitopes as a cocktail induced CD8+ IFN-γ and Granzyme B levels significantly in treated visceral leishmaniasis subject which suggests the immunogenic ability of the selected epitopes.
Genome-wide analysis of polymorphism × sodium interaction effect on blood pressure identifies a novel 3′-BCL11B gene desert locus
Authors: Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Narita Akira , Ohmomo Hideki , Sutoh Yoichi , Komaki Shohei , Tanno Kozo , Satoh Mamoru , Sakata Kiyomi , Hitomi Jiro , Nakamura Motoyuki , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Yamamoto Masayuki , Sasaki Makoto , Hozawa Atsushi , Shimizu Atsushi
Published: September 2018

Excessive sodium intake is a global risk factor for hypertension. Sodium effects on blood pressure vary from person to person; hence, high-risk group targeting based on personal genetic information can play a complementary role to ongoing population preventive approaches to reduce sodium consumption. To identify genetic factors that modulate sodium effects on blood pressure, we conducted a population-based genome-wide interaction analysis in 8,768 Japanese subjects, which was >3 times larger than a similar previous study. We tested 7,135,436 polymorphisms in the discovery cohort, and loci that met suggestive significance were further examined in an independent replication cohort. We found that an interaction between a novel 3′-BCL11B gene desert locus and daily sodium consumption was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure in both discovery and replication cohorts under the recessive model. Further statistical analysis of rs8022678, the sentinel variant of the 3′-BCL11B gene desert locus, showed that differences in mean systolic blood pressure between high and low sodium consumption subgroups were 5.9 mm Hg (P = 8.8 × 10−12) in rs8022678 A carriers and −0.3 mm Hg (P = 0.27) in rs8022678 A non-carriers, suggesting that the rs8022678 genotype can classify persons into sodium-sensitive (A carriers) and sodium-insensitive (A non-carriers) subgroups. Our results implied that rs8022678 A carriers may receive a greater benefit from sodium-lowering interventions than non-carriers.
Author Correction: Computational Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of RamR Mutations Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica
Authors: Liu Yen-Yi , Chen Chih-Chieh
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Validation of the Sleep Regularity Index in Older Adults and Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Lunsford-Avery Jessica R. , Engelhard Matthew M. , Navar Ann Marie , Kollins Scott H.
Published: September 2018

Sleep disturbances, including insufficient sleep duration and circadian misalignment, confer risk for cardiometabolic disease. Less is known about the association between the regularity of sleep/wake schedules and cardiometabolic risk. This study evaluated the external validity of a new metric, the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI), among older adults (n = 1978; mean age 68.7 ± 9.2), as well as relationships between the SRI and cardiometabolic risk using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Results indicated that sleep irregularity was associated with delayed sleep timing, increased daytime sleep and sleepiness, and reduced light exposure, but was independent of sleep duration. Greater sleep irregularity was also correlated with 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and greater obesity, hypertension, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and diabetes status. Finally, greater sleep irregularity was associated with increased perceived stress and depression, psychiatric factors integrally tied to cardiometabolic disease. These results suggest that the SRI is a useful measure of sleep regularity in older adults. Additionally, sleep irregularity may represent a target for early identification and prevention of cardiometabolic disease. Future studies may clarify the causal direction of these effects, mechanisms underlying links between sleep irregularity and cardiometabolic risk, and the utility of sleep interventions in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
Application of a mechanobiological algorithm to investigate mechanical mediation of heterotopic bone in trans-femoral amputees
Authors: Rosenberg Naomi M. , Bull Anthony M. J.
Published: September 2018

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the process of bone formation in tissues that are not usually osseous. It occurs in 60% of those with blast-related amputations. HO can result in reduced range of motion, pain, nerve impingement and can affect prosthesis fitting and is caused by a combination of mechanical, biological, local and systemic factors. As with normal bone formation and remodelling, it is expected that heterotopic bone responds to mechanical stimuli and understanding this relationship can give insight into the pathology. The objective of this research was to investigate whether a physiological 2D computational model that considers both mechanical and biological factors can be used to simulate HO in the residual limb of a trans-femoral amputee. The study found that characteristic morphologies of HO were reproduced by adjusting the loading environment. Significant effects were produced by changing the loading direction on the femur; this is potentially associated with different initial surgical interventions such as muscle myodesis. Also, initial treatment such as negative pressure through a dressing was found to change the shape of heterotopic bone.
Helicobacter pylori infection is not related to increased carotid intima-media thickness in general population
Authors: Feng Yunfei , Zhou Weibin , Luo Luo , Xu Weiwei
Published: September 2018

The aim is to determine whether there is an independent association between Hp infection and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in a cross-section observational study. Among of 14588 routine health check-up participants, 13770 subjects underwent the 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) and ultrasound measurement of CIMT. Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors were also recorded. The ratio of increased CIMT in Hp positive group (28.6%) was not significant difference compared with Hp negative group (29.7%) (p = 0.164). The HP infection rates was no significant difference between increased CIMT (38.4%) and non- increased CIMT (39.7%) patients. However, all the traditional atherosclerotic risk factors including age, gender, BMI, waistline, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acid, homocysteine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and C reactive protein were different between increased CIMT and non- increased CIMT participants. The odds of Hp infection for CIMT risk (OR 0.948; 95% CI 0.879–1.022; P = 0.164) was not higher in binary logistic regression analysis even after adjustment for traditional risk factors (OR 1.118; 95% CI 0.958–1.306; P = 0.157). Our study found no evidence of association between CIMT and HP infection.
Agricultural landscapes and the Loire River influence the genetic structure of the marbled newt in Western France
Authors: Costanzi Jean-Marc , Mège Pascal , Boissinot Alexandre , Isselin-Nondedeu Francis , Guérin Sandra , Lourdais Olivier , Trochet Audrey , Le Petitcorps Quentin , Legrand Agathe , Varenne François , Grillet Pierre , Morin-Pinaud Sophie , Picard Damien
Published: September 2018

Amphibians are particularly sensitive to landscape fragmentation. Potential barriers between breeding sites can negatively influence the dispersal of individuals and increase genetic structure between populations. In this study, we genotyped 10 microsatellites for 334 marbled newts (Triturus marmoratus) at 11 different locations in Western France. Samples were collected in different regions with contrasting agricultural landscapes (low and high proportion of arable land in the north and south, respectively). We found a strong genetic structure between the northern and southern sampling sites. Isolation by distance was recorded after 62 km, but within the northern region, little or no genetic structure was detected over large distances (up to 114 km). Genetic structure at shorter distance (43 km) was found between sites situated in landscapes with larger amounts of arable lands. A significant positive relationship was found between the pairwise genetic distance (Fst) between sites and the amount of arable land together with the distance between sites. Our results suggest that the Loire River might act as a corridor for the marbled newt, while arable land might act as a barrier. Finally, although a large city is located between sampling sites, no effect was detected on population structure.
The Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFy) is Carried on Extracellular Membrane Vesicles to Host Cells
Authors: Monnappa Ajay K. , Bari Wasimul , Seo Jeong Kon , Mitchell Robert J.
Published: September 2018

In this study we show Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain different proteins and virulence factors depending on the strain. Although MVs from Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII and ATCC 29833 had many proteins in common (68.8% of all the proteins identified), those located in the outer membrane fraction differed significantly. For instance, the MVs from Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII harbored numerous Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) while they were absent in the ATCC 29833 MVs. Another virulence factor found solely in the YPIII MVs was the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNFy), a toxin that leads to multinucleation of host cells. The ability of YPIII MVs to transport this toxin and its activity to host cells was verified using HeLa cells, which responded in a dose-dependent manner; nearly 70% of the culture was multinucleated after addition of 5 µg/ml of the purified YPIII MVs. In contrast, less than 10% were multinucleated when the ATCC 29833 MVs were added. Semi-quantification of CNFy within the YPIII MVs found this toxin is present at concentrations of 5 ~ 10 ng per µg of total MV protein, a concentration that accounts for the cellular responses seen.
Heterogeneity of material structure determines the stationary surface topography and friction
Authors: Li Qiang , Voll Lars , Starcevic Jasminka , Popov Valentin L.
Published: September 2018

The character of surface roughness and the force of friction in the stationary state after a sufficiently long run-in process are of key importance for numerous applications, e.g. for friction between road and tire. In the present paper, we study theoretically and experimentally the asymptotic worn state of a bi-phasic material that is arbitrarily heterogeneous in the contact plane, but homogeneous in the direction of the surface normal. Under the assumption of Archard’s wear law in its local formulation, the asymptotic shape is found in the closed integral form. Given the surface profile, the coefficient of friction can be estimated, since the coefficient of friction is known to be strongly correlated with the mean square root value of the surface slope. The limiting surface profiles and the corresponding coefficient of friction are determined as functions of size, relative concentration and wear ratio of the phases. The results of numerical calculations are compared to and validated by experiments carried out on simplified model systems. The main conclusion is that the rms value of the surface slope is not influenced by the characteristic linear size of inclusions and depends solely on the relative concentration of phases, as well as the ratio of their wear coefficients.
Publisher Correction: Lower body mass index and mortality in older adults starting dialysis
Authors: Polinder-Bos Harmke A. , van Diepen Merel , Dekker Friedo W. , Hoogeveen Ellen K. , Franssen Casper F. M. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Gaillard Carlo A. J. M.
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Development of zebrafish paired and median fin musculature: basis for comparative, developmental, and macroevolutionary studies
Authors: Siomava Natalia , Shkil Fedor , Voronezhskaya Elena , Diogo Rui
Published: September 2018

The model organism Dario rerio (zebrafish) is widely used in evo-devo and comparative studies. Nevertheless, little is known about the development and differentiation of the appendicular musculature in this fish. In this study, we examined the development of the muscles of all five zebrafish fin types (pectoral, pelvic, anal, dorsal and caudal). We describe the development of the muscles of these fins, including some muscles that were never mentioned in the literature, such as the interhypurales of the caudal fin. Interestingly, these caudal muscles are present in early stages but absent in adult zebrafishes. We also compare various stages of zebrafish fin muscle development with the configuration found in other extant fishes, including non-teleostean actinopterygians as well as cartilaginous fishes. The present work thus provides a basis for future developmental, comparative, evolutionary and evo-devo studies and emphasizes the importance of developmental works on muscles for a more comprehensive understanding of the origin, development and evolution of the appendicular appendages of vertebrate animals.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus induces the classical ROS-dependent NETosis through PAD-4 and necroptosis pathways activation
Authors: Muraro Stéfanie P. , De Souza Gabriela F. , Gallo Stephanie W. , Da Silva Bruna K. , De Oliveira Sílvia D. , Vinolo Marco Aurélio R. , Saraiva Elvira M. , Porto Bárbara N.
Published: September 2018

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of diseases of the respiratory tract in young children and babies, being mainly associated with bronchiolitis. RSV infection occurs primarily in pulmonary epithelial cells and, once infection is established, an immune response is triggered and neutrophils are recruited. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying NET production induced by RSV. We show that RSV induced the classical ROS-dependent NETosis in human neutrophils and that RSV was trapped in DNA lattices coated with NE and MPO. NETosis induction by RSV was dependent on signaling by PI3K/AKT, ERK and p38 MAPK and required histone citrullination by PAD-4. In addition, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL were essential to RSV-induced NETosis. MLKL was also necessary to neutrophil necrosis triggered by the virus, likely promoting membrane-disrupting pores, leading to neutrophil lysis and NET extrusion. Finally, we found that RSV infection of alveolar epithelial cells or lung fibroblasts triggers NET-DNA release by neutrophils, indicating that neutrophils can identify RSV-infected cells and respond to them by releasing NETs. The identification of the mechanisms responsible to mediate RSV-induced NETosis may prove valuable to the design of new therapeutic approaches to treat the inflammatory consequences of RSV bronchiolitis in young children.
Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by cobalt alloying in hexagonal Fe3Ge1
Authors: McGuire Michael A. , Shanavas K. V. , Kesler Michael S. , Parker David S.
Published: September 2018

We show using both experimental and theoretical methods that cobalt substitution in the hexagonal ferromagnet Fe3Ge suppresses the planar magnetic anisotropy and favors a uniaxial state. Uniaxial ferromagnetism is observed at room temperature for cobalt concentrations of only a few percent, and 10% substitution fully suppresses the planar magnetic structure at least down to 5 K, with only a small effect on the magnetization and Curie temperature. First principles calculations predict strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy and promising permanent magnet properties for higher cobalt concentrations. Although these high Co concentrations were not realized experimentally, this work suggests that the rare-earth-free Fe3Ge structure supports intrinsic magnetic properties that may enable promising permanent magnet performance.
Impaired wound healing in type 1 diabetes is dependent on 5-lipoxygenase products
Authors: Ramalho Theresa , Filgueiras Luciano , Silva-Jr Ildefonso Alves , Pessoa Ana Flavia Marçal , Jancar Sonia
Published: September 2018

Type 1 diabetes is associated with systemic low grade inflammation (LGI). We have previously shown that LGI in diabetic mice depends on systemic circulation of leukotriene (LTB4) which potentiates the toll-like/IL1β receptors response in macrophages. Impaired wound healing is an important co-morbidity in diabetes, and macrophages play a key role in this process. Here, we investigated the role of leukotrienes on monocytes and macrophages phenotype and in the impaired wound healing in diabetic mice. Type 1 diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in 129SvE wild-type (WT) and leukotrienes-deficient 5LO−/− (5-lipoxygenase knockout) mice. In diabetics, the systemic levels of LTB4, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and IFNγ were increased as well as the frequency of pro-inflammatory monocytes (CD11b+Ly6ChighLy6G−) compared to healthy mice. In diabetic 5LO−/− mice, these parameters were similar to those in healthy mice. Resident peritoneal macrophages from diabetic WT mice showed a classically activated M1-like phenotype (high Nos2, Stat and Il12 expression, and nitrite levels). Macrophages from diabetic 5LO−/− mice presented alternatively activated M2-macrophages markers (high Arg1 and Chi3l3 expression and arginase activity) and when stimulated with IL4, enhanced phosphorylated-STAT6. Cutaneous wound healing in diabetic WT mice was impaired, which correlated with the decreased frequency of M2-macrophages (CD45+F4/80+CD206+) in the lesions. In diabetic 5LO−/− mice, the frequency of M2-macrophages in the wound was similar to that in healthy mice, suggesting that the impaired healing of diabetic mice depends on 5LO products. The inhibition of leukotrienes or antagonism of its receptors could be a therapeutic alternative for diabetic patients with impaired healing.
Light sintering of ultra-smooth and robust silver nanowire networks embedded in poly(vinyl-butyral) for flexible OLED
Authors: Lee Dong Jun , Oh Youngsu , Hong Jae-Min , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon
Published: September 2018

A conductive, uniform, and ultra-smooth flexible transparent composite film is produced by embedding silver nanowires (AgNWs) into poly(vinyl-butyral) (PVB) without pressure or high-temperature annealing. The adhesion of AgNWs was greatly improved by embedding them in PVB, and surface roughness and sheet resistance (Rs) improvements were achieved through the use of the intense pulsed light (IPL) method, which welds the interconnections among AgNWs in a short time without heat or pressure treatment. The sheet resistance of PVB/AgNWs with the IPL(PAI) composite film reaches 12.6 ohm/sq with a transmittance of 85.7% (at 550 nm); no clear changes in the sheet resistance are observed after a substrate bending and tape test, suggesting excellent flexibility. In the case of PAI, the change in sheet resistance was only 2.6% after a 2,000-bend test, and the resulting bending radius was less than 1 mm. When IPL was exposed to PVB/AgNWs, the figure of merit was 2.36 times higher than that without exposure. Finally, flexible OLEDs using PAI exhibited comparable or higher electroluminescent characteristics than other devices with well-known flexible electrodes—including indium-zinc-oxide on polymer plastic—which is a promising discovery for flexible optoelectronic applications.
Magnetic Force-driven in Situ Selective Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Wang Ran , Chow Yu Ting , Chen Shuxun , Ma Dongce , Luo Tao , Tan Youhua , Sun Dong
Published: September 2018

Intracellular delivery of functional materials holds great promise in biologic research and therapeutic applications but poses challenges to existing techniques, including the reliance on exogenous vectors and lack of selectivity. To address these problems, we propose a vector-free approach that utilizes millimeter-sized iron rods or spheres driven by magnetic forces to selectively deform targeted cells, which in turn generates transient disruption in cell membranes and enables the delivery of foreign materials into cytosols. A range of functional materials with the size from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers have been successfully delivered into various types of mammalian cells in situ with high efficiency and viability and minimal undesired effects. Mechanistically, material delivery is mediated by force-induced transient membrane disruption and restoration, which depend on actin cytoskeleton and calcium signaling. When used for siRNA delivery, CXCR4 is effectively silenced and cell migration and proliferation are significantly inhibited. Remarkably, cell patterns with various complexities are generated, demonstrating the unique ability of our approach in selectively delivering materials into targeted cells in situ. In summary, we have developed a magnetic force-driven intracellular delivery method with in situ selectivity, which may have tremendous applications in biology and medicine.
Pleistocene climate cycling and host plant association shaped the demographic history of the bark beetle Pityogenes chalcographus
Authors: Schebeck Martin , Dowle Eddy J. , Schuler Hannes , Avtzis Dimitrios N. , Bertheau Coralie , Feder Jeffrey L. , Ragland Gregory J. , Stauffer Christian
Published: September 2018

Historical climatic oscillations and co-evolutionary dependencies were key evolutionary drivers shaping the current population structure of numerous organisms. Here, we present a genome-wide study on the biogeography of the bark beetle Pityogenes chalcographus, a common and widespread insect in Eurasia. Using Restriction Associated DNA Sequencing, we studied the population structure of this beetle across a wide part of its western Palaearctic range with the goal of elucidating the role of Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycling and its close relationship to its main host plant Norway spruce. Genetic distance among geographic sites was generally low, but clustering analysis revealed three genetically distinct groups, that is, southern, central/south-eastern, and north-eastern locations. Thus, three key P. chalcographus glacial refugia were identified: in the Italian-Dinaric region, the Carpathians, and the Russian plain, shared with its main host. The current phylogeographic signal was affected by genetic divergence among geographically isolated refugia during glacial periods and postglacial re-establishment of genetic exchange through secondary contact, reflected by admixture among genetic groups. Additionally, certain life history traits, like the beetle’s dispersal and reproductive behaviour, considerably influenced its demographic history. Our results will help to understand the biogeography of other scolytine beetles, especially species with similar life history traits.
In Vivo Electrocochleography in Hybrid Cochlear Implant Users Implicates TMPRSS3 in Spiral Ganglion Function
Authors: Shearer A. Eliot , Tejani Viral D. , Brown Carolyn J. , Abbas Paul J. , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J. , Smith Richard J. H.
Published: September 2018

Cochlear implantation, a surgical method to bypass cochlear hair cells and directly stimulate the spiral ganglion, is the standard treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss. Changes in cochlear implant electrode array design and surgical approach now allow for preservation of acoustic hearing in the implanted ear. Electrocochleography (ECochG) was performed in eight hearing preservation subjects to assess hair cell and neural function and elucidate underlying genetic hearing loss. Three subjects had pathogenic variants in TMPRSS3 and five had pathogenic variants in genes known to affect the cochlear sensory partition. The mechanism by which variants in TMPRSS3 cause genetic hearing loss is unknown. We used a 500-Hz tone burst to record ECochG responses from an intracochlear electrode. Responses consist of a cochlear microphonic (hair cell) and an auditory nerve neurophonic. Cochlear microphonics did not differ between groups. Auditory nerve neurophonics were smaller, on average, in subjects with TMPRSS3 deafness. Results of this proof-of-concept study provide evidence that pathogenic variants in TMPRSS3 may impact function of the spiral ganglion. While ECochG as a clinical and research tool has been around for decades, this study illustrates a new application of ECochG in the study of genetic hearing and deafness in vivo.
Two-photon microscopy of Paneth cells in the small intestine of live mice
Authors: Jang Won Hyuk , Park Areum , Wang Taejun , Kim Chan Johng , Chang Hoonchul , Yang Bo-Gie , Kim Myoung Joon , Myung Seung-Jae , Im Sin-Hyeog , Jang Myoung Ho , Kim You-Me , Kim Ki Hean
Published: September 2018

Paneth cells are one of the principal epithelial cell types in the small intestine, located at the base of intestinal crypts. Paneth cells play key roles in intestinal host-microbe homeostasis via granule secretion, and their dysfunction is implicated in pathogenesis of several diseases including Crohn’s disease. Despite their physiological importance, study of Paneth cells has been hampered by the limited accessibility and lack of labeling methods. In this study, we developed a simple in vivo imaging method of Paneth cells in the intact mouse small intestine by using moxifloxacin and two-photon microscopy (TPM). Moxifloxacin, an FDA-approved antibiotic, was used for labeling cells and its fluorescence was strongly observed in Paneth cell granules by TPM. Moxifloxacin labeling of Paneth cell granules was confirmed by molecular counterstaining. Comparison of Paneth cells in wild type, genetically obese (ob/ob), and germ-free (GF) mice showed different granule distribution. Furthermore, Paneth cell degranulation was observed in vivo. Our study suggests that TPM with moxifloxacin labeling can serve as a useful tool for studying Paneth cell biology and related diseases.
Responses of Labile Organic Nitrogen Fractions and Enzyme Activities in eroded Mollisols After 8-year Manure Amendment
Authors: Chen Yi-min , Xu Xin , Jiao Xiao-guang , Sui Yue-yu , Liu Xiao-bing , Zhang Jin-yuan , Zhou Ke , Zhang Jiu-ming
Published: September 2018

Soil erosion will cause a degradation in soil nitrogen supplying capacity (SNSC) and manure amendment is an effective way to restored eroded soils. Both labile fractions of soil organic N (SON) and N transformation enzymes are indicators for SNSC, but the effect of manure amendments on labile SON fractions and the relationship between labile SON fractions and enzyme activities remains unclear. In this study, five degrees of erosion were simulated in Mollisols (removal of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm of topsoil) to analyse the changes in labile SON fractions and nitrogen transformation enzyme activities after 8-year manure amendment. We found that soil total N (TN), labile SON fractions and enzyme activities all increased after manure amendments. The largest labile SON fraction was particle organic nitrogen (POM-N) and the second was light fraction organic nitrogen (LFOM-N), which accounted >60% for TN in total. Correlation analysis showed that both urease and protease activities were significantly correlated with POM-N, LFOM-N, microbial biomass N and dissolvable organic N, indicating that both urease and protease activities can be used to predict labile SON pools and enzyme activities worked similarly in indicating SNSC with labile SON fractions. Altogether, 8-year manure amendment could recover SNSC of lightly eroded Mollisols to natural levels, i.e. erosion depths at 5 cm and 10 cm; however, it is not able to recover SNSC in Mollisols suffering severe erosion.
Tick galactosyltransferases are involved in α-Gal synthesis and play a role during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and Ixodes scapularis tick vector development
Authors: Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Espinosa Pedro J. , Alberdi Pilar , Šimo Ladislav , Valdés James J. , Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Contreras Marinela , Rayo Margarita Villar , de la Fuente José
Published: September 2018

The carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) is produced in all mammals except for humans, apes and old world monkeys that lost the ability to synthetize this carbohydrate. Therefore, humans can produce high antibody titers against α-Gal. Anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies have been associated with tick-induced allergy (i.e. α-Gal syndrome) and anti-α-Gal IgG/IgM antibodies may be involved in protection against malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The α-Gal on tick salivary proteins plays an important role in the etiology of the α-Gal syndrome. However, whether ticks are able to produce endogenous α-Gal remains currently unknown. In this study, theIxodes scapularisgenome was searched for galactosyltransferases and three genes were identified as potentially involved in the synthesis of α-Gal. Heterologous gene expression in α-Gal-negative cells and gene knockdown in ticks confirmed that these genes were involved in α-Gal synthesis and are essential for tick feeding. Furthermore, these genes were shown to play an important role in tick-pathogen interactions. Results suggested that tick cells increased α-Gal levels in response toAnaplasma phagocytophiluminfection to control bacterial infection. These results provided the molecular basis of endogenous α-Gal production in ticks and suggested that tick galactosyltransferases are involved in vector development, tick-pathogen interactions and possibly the etiology of α-Gal syndrome in humans.
Identification of substandard and falsified antimalarial pharmaceuticals chloroquine, doxycycline, and primaquine using surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Tackman Emma C. , Trujillo Michael J. , Lockwood Tracy-Lynn E. , Merga Getahun , Lieberman Marya , Camden Jon P.
Published: September 2018

Falsified antimalarial pharmaceuticals are a worldwide problem with negative public health implications.
Magnetic covalent organic framework material: synthesis and application as a sorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Shi Xuexiang , Li Ning , Wu Di , Hu Na , Sun Jing , Zhou Xuxia , Suo Yourui , Li Guoliang , Wu Yongning
Published: September 2018

Synthesis and application of magnetic covalent organic framework material as a sorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Correction: A bodipy based hydroxylamine sensor
Authors: Sedgwick Adam C. , Chapman Robert S. L. , Gardiner Jordan E. , Peacock Lucy R. , Kim Gyoungmi , Yoon Juyoung , Bull Steven D. , James Tony D.
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘A bodipy based hydroxylamine sensor’ by Adam C. Sedgwick et al., Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 10441–10443.
Highly dispersed Co and Ni nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes as efficient catalysts for the reduction of unsaturated oxygen compounds in aqueous phase
Authors: Gong Wanbing , Chen Chun , Zhang Haimin , Wang Guozhong , Zhao Huijun
Published: September 2018

N-Doped carbon nanotube-encapsulated Co and Ni nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic performance for the selective reduction of unsaturated oxygen compounds in aqueous phase.
Efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from mannose with a reusable MCM-41-supported tin catalyst
Authors: Jia Songyan , He Xinjun , Ma Jiao , Wang Kangjun , Xu Zhanwei , Zhang Z. Conrad
Published: September 2018

The Sn/MCM-41 catalyst was demonstrated to be effective for the conversion of mannose into 5-HMF, with comparable performances to those of reported heterogeneous catalysts. The Sn/MCM-41 catalyst was reusable without significant loss of activity after eight consecutive runs.
Bis(pentalene)dititanium chemistry: C–H, C–X and H–H bond activation
Authors: Tsoureas Nikolaos , Green Jennifer C. , Cloke F. Geoffrey N.
Published: September 2018

Formation of an agostic hydrogen by protonation of a “tucked-in” bis(pentalene)ditanium complex.
Effect of positional isomerism on the spectroelectrochemical response of 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-diketopyrrolopyrrolate bridged bis(carbonylhydridoruthenium) compounds
Authors: Hazari Arijit Singha , Ghosh Prabir , Beyer Katharina , Schwederski Brigitte , Kaim Wolfgang , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: September 2018

Small but notable differences accompany the ligand-based oxidation of green and blue isomers1and2.
Three microporous metal–organic frameworks assembled from dodecanuclear {NiII6LnIII6} subunits: synthesis, structure, gas adsorption and magnetism
Authors: Feng Dan-Dan , Dong Hui-Ming , Liu Zheng-Yu , Zhao Xiao-Jun , Yang En-Cui
Published: September 2018

Three microporous MOFs with two different orientated {NiIILnIII}6 subunits exhibit high LnIII-independent gas uptake and absorption selectivity for CO2 as well as LnIII-dominated slow magnetic relaxation and a magnetic cryogenic magnetocaloric effect.
Wheel-type heterometallic ferromagnetic clusters: [Ni7−xMx(HL)6(μ3-OMe)4(μ3-OH)2]Cl2 (M = Zn, Co, Mn; x = 1, 3)
Authors: Kobayashi Fumiya , Ohtani Ryo , Kusumoto Sotaro , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya , Nakamura Masaaki
Published: September 2018

Wheel-type heptanuclear heterometallic clusters display metal ion dependent ferromagnetic properties and express single molecule magnet behavior based on the magnetic anisotropy.
Novel N6 trisbidentate ligand coordinated Ir(iii) complexes and their Ru(ii) analogs
Authors: Wang Li , Cui Peng , Liu Bingqing , Kilina Svetlana , Sun Wenfang
Published: September 2018

N6-Coordinated Ir(iii) complexes showed blue-shifted UV-vis absorption and emission, but dramatically long-lived broad and strong triplet excited-state absorption.
Assessment of a bifendate derivative bearing a 6,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]azepine scaffold as a potential anti-metastatic agent
Authors: Qiu Jingying , Chen Wang , Jiang Yanfei , Chen Jing , Zhang Yinpeng , Gu Xiaoke
Published: September 2018

4i exhibited significant anti-metastatic activity in MDA-MB-231 cells via inhibiting MMP-2/9 activity and expression.
Cadmium exposure during pregnancy and lactation: materno-fetal and newborn repercussions of Cd(ii), and Cd–metallothionein complexes
Authors: Espart Anna , Artime Sebastián , Tort-Nasarre Glòria , Yara-Varón Edinson
Published: September 2018

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-physiological heavy metal that can be harmful at low concentrations. Increasing anthropogenic activities are incrementing the risk of accumulation of this heavy metal in different organs and tissues of the body. In the case of pregnant women, the threat is more serious due to the implications affecting not only their own health but also fetal development as well. Metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich proteins, are involved in zinc (Zn) and copper homeostasis in mammals but can, however, also bind with Cd if present. The accumulation of Cd in maternal tissues (e.g. placenta, maternal blood, and mammary glands) induces the synthesis of MTs, preferably MT2, in an attempt to sequester the metal to avoid toxicity. The formed Cd–MT complexes will avoid the Cd transport from the placenta to the fetus and end up accumulating in the maternal kidneys. At the same time, high concentrations of MTs will increase the formation of Zn–MT complexes, therefore decreasing the amount of Zn ions available to be transported to the fetus by means of Zn transporters such as ZnT2, ZIP14 and DMT1. Although MTs cannot transport Cd from the mother to the fetus, the divalent DMT1 transporter is suggested to carry the metal to the fetus. As a consequence, the low levels of Zn(ii) in the fetus, together with the presence of Cd(ii) coming from the mother either via the placenta and cord blood or via breast milk induce changes in the fetal development including fetal growth retardation, and low weight or height of the newborn. Likewise, the concentrations of Cd(ii) in the newborn can cause alterations such as cognitive disabilities. In summary, the presence of Cd(ii) in the maternal tissues will induce MT synthesis in an attempt to detoxify these tissues and reduce the possible toxicity of Cd in fetal and newborn tissues.
Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials
Authors: Hwang Chi-Young , Kim Gi Heon , Yang Jong-Heon , Hwang Chi-Sun , Cho Seong M. , Lee Won-Jae , Pi Jae-Eun , Choi Ji Hun , Choi Kyunghee , Kim Hee-Ok , Lee Seung-Yeol , Kim Yong-Hae
Published: September 2018

Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms containing phase-change materials are reported.
Molecular structure and multi-body potential of mean force in silica-polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Munaò Gianmarco , Pizzirusso Antonio , Kalogirou Andreas , De Nicola Antonio , Kawakatsu Toshihiro , Müller-Plathe Florian , Milano Giuseppe
Published: September 2018

Phase behavior of silica-polystyrene nanocomposites resulting from two- and three-body potential of mean force.
High performance electronic devices based on nanofibers via a crosslinking welding process
Authors: Cui Youchao , Meng You , Wang Zhen , Wang Chunfeng , Liu Guoxia , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira , Shan Fukai
Published: September 2018

An amine-hardened epoxy resin was selected as adhesion agent to weld nanofiber and improve the adhesion performance, resulting in low contact-resistance nanofiber networks (NFNs). The field-effect transistors based on In2O3 NFNs/SiO2 exhibit high device performance.
Heterogeneous Co(OH)2 nanoplates/Co3O4 nanocubes enriched with oxygen vacancies enable efficient oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis
Authors: Xu Hui , Wei Jingjing , Zhang Min , Liu Chaofan , Shiraishi Yukihide , Wang Caiqin , Du Yukou
Published: September 2018

The heterogeneous Co(OH)2 nanoplate/Co3O4 nanocube hybrids with rich oxygen vacancies display excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability towards the OER, holding great potential for practical water oxidation.
Dielectric constant of flagellin proteins measured by scanning dielectric microscopy
Authors: Lozano Helena , Fabregas Rene , Blanco-Cabra Núria , Millán-Solsona Rubén , Torrents Eduard , Fumagalli Laura , Gomila Gabriel
Published: September 2018

The dielectric constant of flagellin proteins in flagellar bacterial filaments ∼10–20 nm in diameter is measured using scanning dielectric microscopy.
Adsorption on alumina nanopores with conical shape
Authors: Bruschi Lorenzo , Mistura Giampaolo , Negri Fabrizia , Coasne Benoit , Mayamei Yashar , Lee Woo
Published: September 2018

We report the first study of adsorption and evaporation of argon on conical alumina nanopores with different pore closures.
Carving growing nanocrystals: coupling seed-mediated growth with oxidative etching
Authors: Villarreal Esteban , Li Guangfang Grace , Wang Hui
Published: September 2018

The dynamic interplay between nanocrystal growth and oxidative etching dictates the versatile structural evolution of Au nanocrystals during seed-mediated growth.
Recent advances in homogeneous borrowing hydrogen catalysis using earth-abundant first row transition metals
Authors: Reed-Berendt Benjamin G. , Polidano Kurt , Morrill Louis C.
Published: September 2018

The review highlights the recent advances (2013-present) in the use of earth-abundant first row transition metals in homogeneous borrowing hydrogen catalysis.
Choosing the ideal photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations: predictions based on simulations using established data
Authors: Eibel Anna , Fast David E. , Gescheidt Georg
Published: September 2018

A modelling toolbox for classifying and predicting photoinitiator efficiencies is presented, considering absorption properties, dissociation quantum yields, light intensities, irradiation wavelengths, kinetics of monomer addition and side reactions.
Facile preparation of rGO/MFe2O4(M = Cu, Co, Ni) nanohybrids and its catalytic performance during the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Wang Weiran , Zhang Dongxiang
Published: September 2018

The rGO/MFe2O4(M = Cu, Co, Ni) nanohybrids show amazing catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition process of AP.
Flaky nano-crystalline SnSe2 thin films for photoelectrochemical current generation
Authors: Shao Xiuyuan , Li Shisheng , Tang Dai-Ming
Published: September 2018

We report chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and photoelectrochemical properties of large-area thin films of nano-crystalline SnSe2 on conducting FTO glass.
Reduction of Cd accumulation in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) in consecutive growing seasons using mercapto-grafted palygorskite
Authors: He Lizhi , Li Na , Liang Xuefeng , Yin Xiuling , Huang Qingqing , Wang Lin , Sun Yuebing , Xu Yingming
Published: September 2018

MP significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the shoots of pak choi in comparison to the control, in consecutive growing seasons, and the minimum Cd contents were less than the maximum permitted level proposed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
Plumbagin induces ROS-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibits EMT in human cervical carcinoma cells
Authors: Jaiswal Ankita , Sabarwal Akash , Narayan Mishra Jai Prakash , Singh Rana P.
Published: September 2018

Proposed mechanism of action of plumbagin in human cervical carcinoma SiHa and HeLa cells.
Aqueous dispersions of carbon black and its hybrid with carbon nanofibers
Authors: Youssry Mohamed , Kamand Fadi Z. , Magzoub Musaab I. , Nasser Mustafa S.
Published: September 2018

Optimal hybrid dispersion of carbon black (CB) and nanofibers (CNFs) is formed at a critical content of CNFs before its aggregation concentration so that CNFs wire CB aggregates to recover the conductivity loss without increasing of CB rigidity.
Silica coated iron nanoparticles: synthesis, interface control, magnetic and hyperthermia properties
Authors: Glaria A. , Soulé S. , Hallali N. , Ojo W.-S. , Mirjolet M. , Fuks G. , Cornejo A. , Allouche J. , Dupin J. C. , Martinez H. , Carrey J. , Chaudret B. , Delpech F. , Lachaize S. , Nayral C.
Published: September 2018

A novel method has been developed for the silica coating of iron nanoparticles while preserving the magnetic properties.
A facile strategy for modifying boron nitride and enhancing its effect on the thermal conductivity of polypropylene/polystyrene blends
Authors: Jiang Xueliang , Ma Pengfei , You Feng , Yao Chu , Yao Junlong , Liu Fangjun
Published: September 2018

Selective localization of BN in the polystyrene phase byin situpolymerization of styrene can enhance the thermal conductivity of polymer blends.
Simultaneous absorption of NO and SO2 by combined urea and FeIIEDTA reaction systems
Authors: He Feiqiang , Deng Xianhe , Ding Jianhua
Published: September 2018

SO2 and NO emitted from coal-fired power plants have caused serious air pollution in China.
van der Waals forces control ferroelectric–antiferroelectric ordering in CuInP2S6 and CuBiP2Se6 laminar materials
Authors: Reimers Jeffrey R. , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Ford Michael J.
Published: September 2018

We show how van der Waals (vdW) forces outcompete covalent and ionic forces to control ferroelectric ordering in CuInP2S6 nanoflakes as well as in CuInP2S6 and CuBiP2Se6 crystals.
Multicomponent metal–organic framework membranes for advanced functional composites
Authors: Denny Michael S. , Kalaj Mark , Bentz Kyle C. , Cohen Seth M.
Published: September 2018

Several strategies are presented for combining different metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into composite mixed-matrix membranes. Some membranes are shown to be component for multistep organic catalytic transformations.
Two chiral catalysts in action: insights into cooperativity and stereoselectivity in proline and cinchona-thiourea dual organocatalysis
Authors: Bhaskararao Bangaru , Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: September 2018

Increasing use of two chiral catalysts in cooperative asymmetric catalysis in recent years raises some fundamental questions on chiral compatibility between the catalysts, modes of activation, and relative disposition of substrates within the chiral environment of the catalysts for effective asymmetric induction.
Stibine-protected Au13nanoclusters: syntheses, properties and facile conversion to GSH-protected Au25nanocluster
Authors: Li Ying-Zhou , Ganguly Rakesh , Hong Kar Yiu , Li Yongxin , Tessensohn Malcolm Eugene , Webster Richard , Leong Weng Kee
Published: September 2018

Monostibine-protected ionic Au13nanoclusters, namely, [Au13(L)8(Cl)4][Cl] (L = SbPh3,2a·Cl; Sb(p-tolyl)3,2b·Cl) were prepared by the direct reduction of Au(L)Cl with NaBH4in dichloromethane.
Direct introduction of nitrogen and oxygen functionality with spatial control using copper catalysis
Authors: Shaum James B. , Fisher David J. , Sroda Miranda M. , Limon Luis , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: September 2018

Synthetic chemists have spent considerable effort optimizing the synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds through a number of methods; however, direct introduction of N- and O-functionality remains challenging.