bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De los cuerpos torturados a los cuerpos virtuales
Authors: Domínguez Rendón Raúl Alberto
Published: August 2017

Más que hablar del “cuerpo” es preciso hablar de “los cuerpos”, del mismo modo, mejor que hablar del “discurso” del cuerpo es más adecuado hablar de “los discursos” que se hacen cargo de los cuerpos para significarlos, conocerlos y controlarlos. Cada cuerpo es histórico y está sujetado, mediado y usado en el contexto de una sociedad y una cultura determinada. Son muy diversas las instituciones, estrategias y dispositivos que lo apresan: la familia, la escuela, la religión, el estado, la medicina, la tecnología y el mercado. Igualmente, los humanos siempre han estado dispuestos a sufrir o infligir los peores suplicios y tormentos a los cuerpos, propios o ajenos, con tal de poder exhibir las marcas y signos del poder, el prestigio, el status, la distinción, la belleza, el erotismo o la maldición. Acá se hará un recorrido desde los cuerpos torturados hasta los virtuales, pasando por sus diversos momentos e “identidades”: corteses, dóciles, de moda, narcisos y mediáticos.
قكرة التربية الإسلاميّة الحديثة عند الأشقاء الثلاثة
Authors: Alhamuddin Alhamuddin
Published: August 2017

إنّ العصارة فى محال التربية الإسلامية فى اندونيسيا نتيجة طبيعية لظهور حركة تجديد الفكرة الإسلامى فى التربية كما أنّها تستفيد أيضا من نظام التربية الذى طبقه الكييان الاستعمارية الهولندية. أنشئ معهد دار السلام الحديث كونتور سنة 1926 م الموافق بغزو المنهجين التربوية يعنى المنهج التربية الحديثة والتربية الإسلاميّة الجديثة التى يحملها رجال حركة التجديد من ناحية والمجددون المسلمون من ناحية أخرى. وليس هناك أى مجال للإنكار أنّ له اثر كبير فى نشأة المعهد. وهو بنى على اساس القيم المعهدية الجمعيّة والطرق الحديثة. وإنّ فلسفة حياة المعهد وروحه عنصر أساسي لمعهد كونتور الحديث. حيث تم غرسه على سبيل الفعالى والكافى تبعا للمناهج والطرق الحديثة. مما تنتج عن ذلك بعث الاحساس بالحيوية وقوة النقد وقوة الابتكار. على سبيل الاجمال أنّ فكرة التربية الإسلاميّة عند الإشقاء الثلاثة هى التربية الجمعية بتركيز تهذيب نفوس الشباب وغرس الأخلاق الفاضلة وتكوين الشخصية الأصيلة والسحية ومن جوانب الناحيات التربوى الأخرى. ويلح يقترح الباحث على الباحث القادم أن ياتي بالبحث أشمل وأعمق مستفيدا لهذا البحث البسيط.
MATEMATIKA REKREASI MELALUI PERMAINAN KARTU
Authors: Yong Benny
Published: August 2017

Pembelajaran Matematika dapat dibuat lebih menarik melalui sebuah permainan, salah satunya melalui permainan kartu. Pada makalah ini, akan disajikan mengenai sebuah permainan kartu yang dimainkan oleh dua orang dengan aturan tertentu. Hal yang menantang dalam suatu permainan adalah ketika kita dapat memastikan bahwa seseorang dapat memenangkan permainan itu. Secara matematis dengan menggunakan konsep teori bilangan, dapat dipastikan pemenang dari permainan kartu ini.
Julio Ortega (ed), Número especial dedicado a José María Arguedas. RevIb, 49 (1983), núm. 122; 241 pp.
Authors: Díaz Ruiz Ignacio
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó: Número especial dedicado a José María Arguedas.
Antonio Sánchez Romeralo, Samuel G. Armistead y Suzanne H. Petersen. Bibliografía del romancero oral, 1. Gredos, Madrid, 1980; xxv + 280 pp. (Romancero y poesía oral, 5).
Authors: González Aurelio
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Bibliografía del romancero oral, 1.
Suzanne Fleischman, The future in thought and language. Diachronic evidence from Romance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982; xii + 218 pp.
Authors: Company Company Concepción
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: The future in thought and language. Diachronic evidence from Romance.
Francisco López de Úbeda, La picara Justina. Edición de Bruno M. Damiani. J. Porrúa Turanzas, Madrid, 1982; 498 pp. (Serie Studia humanitatis).
Authors: Pardo Aristóbulo
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: La picara Justina. Edición de Bruno M. Damiani. J.
El decoro de los reyes con los bueyes en el teatro de Lope de Vega
Authors: Forastieri Braschi Eduardo
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Introducción. Viaje a la cara oculta del setecientos
Authors: Zavala Iris M.
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Notas sobre la libertad de pensamiento en España durante el siglo de la Ilustración
Authors: Maravall José Antonio
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Cienfuegos: un emblema de luz y oscuridad
Authors: Gies David Thatcher
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
TEACHING MEDIA DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATIC IN THE MATERIALS TRIGONOMETRY SUM AND TWO ANGLES DIFFERENCE BY USING GUI MATLAB
Authors: Mulyawati Cut , Salmawati Salmawaty , Subianto Muhammad , Wafdan Reza
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The aim of this research is to develop teaching media for mathematics specifically for materials on trigonometry using GUI Matlab. This media can be used as teaching and learning aid for students at senior high school, grade XI in the first semester. This learning media consists of instructions on how to use the media, learning materials, exercises and profile. The trigonometry materials which are discussed in this learning media consist of the sum and difference of two angles. The limitation on the angles that can be used are special angles in the interval -360o £ a,b £ 360o. The special angles are 0o, ±30o, ±45o, ±60o, ±90o, ±120o, ±135o, ±150o, ±180o, ±210o, ±225o, ±240o, ±270o, ±300o, ±315o, ±330o, and ±360o. The trigonometry functions such as sinus, cosine and as well as the operation addition (+) and subtraction (-) can be selected by hitting the appropriate button. Within each step, there is a check button and a next button to check the input true or false. If the value that entered incorrectly then the next step will not displayed and warning box will appear to report the location of error. Users have to fix the error in order to continue to the next step.  Keywords: teaching learning media, trigonometry, GUI Matlab
DESIGNING APPLICATION OF ANT COLONY SYSTEM ALGORITHM FOR THE SHORTEST ROUTE OF BANDA ACEH CITY AND ACEH BESAR REGENCY TOURISM BY USING GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE MATLAB
Authors: Durisman Durisman , Ramli Marwan , Rusdiana Siti
Published: August 2017

Banda Aceh city and Aceh Besar Regency are two of the leading tourism areas located in the province of Aceh. For travelling, there are some important things to be considered, such as determining schedule and distance of tourism. Every tourist certainly chooses the shortest route to reach the destination since it can save time, energy, and money. The purpose of this reserach is to develop a method that can be used in calculating the shortest route and applied to the tourism of Banda Aceh city and Aceh Besar regency. In this reserach, Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is used to determine the shortest route to tourism of Banda Aceh city and Aceh Besar regency. From the analysis made by using both manual calculation and  GUI MATLAB program application test, the shortest route can be obtained with a minimum distance of 120.85 km in one travel. Based on the test result, the application for tourism (in Banda Aceh city and Aceh Besar regency) shortest route searching built by utilizing the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm can find optimal route. Keyword: tourism, the shortest route, Ant Colony Optimization
KARAKTERISTIK ASAM AMINO PADA GELATIN KULIT KAKI TERNAK DAN KAJIAN POTENSI ANTIBAKTERINYA
Authors: I N. S. Miwada , Sukada I K.
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi karakter asam amino pada kulit kaki ternak jenis ayam broiler (G1),sapi (G2) dan kambing (G3) yang telah dihidrolisis menjadi gelatin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baikpada gelatin (G1); (G2) dan (G3) didominasi oleh asam amino esensial jenis histidin dan arginin. Jenis asam aminonon esensial didominasi oleh glutamat dan serin. Analisis morfologi permukaan gelatin dengan pendekatan SEMbahwa permukaan struktur molekul gelatin dari ekstraksi kulit kaki ayam lebih halus dan rata. Sementara padahasil ekstraksi kulit kaki sapi dan kambing masih banyak terdeteksi bundelan ikatan protein kolagen yang tidakterekstrak sempurna. Potensi gelatin dari aneka kulit kaki ternak ini dilakukan pengujian terhadap potensi antibakterinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gelatin (G1), (G2) dan (G3) tidak memiliki kemampuan sebagaiantibakteri patogen baik terhadap jenis Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli, dan staphylococcus aureus. Kesimpulanpenelitian bahwa profil asam amino gelatin dominan yang terdeteksi yakni asam amino esensial jenis histidin danarginin serta asam amino non esensial jenis glutamat dan serin. Analisis morfologi gelatin dengan pendekatan SEMadalah terjadi permukaan yang halus pada G1. Sedangkan gelatin dari G2 terlihat belum terekstrak sempurna danbahkan G3 lebih padat. Hasil uji gelatin terhadap kemampuan penghambatan bakteri patogen menunjukkan hasilyang negative.

Kata kunci: kulit kaki ternak, gelatin, asam amino, SEM
FAKTOR - FAKTOR PENENTU PROFITABILITAS BANK UMUM YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)
Authors: Hendrawan Yudha Pratama , Lestari Henny Setyo
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh size, liquidity, capital dan management efficiency terhadap profitabilitas bank umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2009-2013 yang berjumlah 28 bank. Dalam penelitian ini variabel independen yang digunakan adalah size, liquidity, capital dan management efficiency dan variabel dependen yang digunakan adalah return on asset (ROA) dan earning yield (EY). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa size, capital, dan management efficiency memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap return on asset (ROA). Sedangkan liquidity tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap return on asset (ROA) dan size dan capital memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap earning yield (EY). Sedangkan liquidity dan management efficiency tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap earning yield (EY). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa ukuran sebuah perusahaan dapat mempengaruhi profitabilitas. Begitu juga dengan tingginya tingkat capital dan management efficiency yang dimiliki perusahaan menjadikan kinerja keuangan perusahaan lebih baik.  Kata kunci: Earning Yield (EY), Profitabitas Bank Umum, Return on Asset (ROA).
Educational Selectivity of Out-migration in Canada: 1976-1981 to 1996-2001
Authors: Ram Bali , Shin Y. E.
Published: August 2017

The major objective of this paper is to show that migrants are positively selected whether they are driven by economic factors or by non-economic factors, and whether they are motivated by pull factors or push factors. Using “five-year migration data” from the 1981 to 2001 censuses of Canada, we find that the education gradient of out-migration is apparent in every region, with the highly educated being more mobile than the less educated. However, the pattern is most pronounced in the Atlantic region, Quebec, and Manitoba/Saskatchewan, the regions experiencing poorer economic conditions and persistent net losses through migration. The three high-income provinces, Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia not only experience lower overall net losses, but are also less likely to lose their better educated persons—even during bad economic times. Quebec emerges as a special case where economic as well as linguistic-political factors play an important role in governing the out-migration patterns of the better educated, particularly those belonging to the non-Francophone group.
Changes in Economic Status and Timing of Marriage of Young Canadians
Authors: Ravanera Zenaida R. , Rajulton Fernando
Published: August 2017

Using the longitudinal panel data collected through the Canadian Surveys of
Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) from 1993 to1998, we examined the
hypotheses that (a) higher education delays marriage; (b) labour force
participation and earnings of women, like those of men, increase the likelihood of marriage; and, (c) the magnitude of the effects of education and income varies by life course stages of the youth. Analyses were done for men aged 17-19, 20-22, and 23-25 and for women aged 15-17, 18-20, and 21-23 at the start of the panel surveys. Our findings confirm our hypotheses, namely, a longer stay in school lowers the risk of marrying while greater economic well-being increases the risk. The results also show that the effects of wages and salaries are strongest among the middle cohorts of men (20-22) and women (18-20) who are at the stage of forming their own independent lives.
Maternal Mortality in Nepal: Unraveling the Complexity
Authors: Suwal Juhee V.
Published: August 2017

Maternal mortality has been recognised as a public health problem in the developing countries. The situation concerning maternal mortality in Nepal remained unexplored and vague until the early 1990s. By using 1996 Nepal Family Health Survey, this study discusses the maternal mortality situation in Nepal and analyses the differentials in maternal mortality by place of residence, region, ethnic and religious groups, age at death, and parity. Almost 28 percent of deaths of women in reproductive age was accountable to maternal causes. Logistic regression analysis shows ‘ethnicity,’ ‘age of women,’ and ‘number of births’ as strong predictors of maternal mortality. A number of policy recommendations are suggested to help lower maternal mortality.
Reproductive Choices in Gibraltar: A Case Study of a Community In Transition, 1960-1996
Authors: Burke Stacie D. A. , Sawchuk Lawrence A.
Published: August 2017

Times of social disruption and change unsettle community equilibrium and represent important transition points. This research examines the 15-year border closure between Spain and Gibraltar and its subsequent reopening in 1985 in reshaping the community opportunity structure, particularly women’s employment, education, and housing. The study examines 3284 births which occurred in the community between 1960 and 1996, noting a general rise in premarital conceptions in the community. This research compares life course decisions among marital and premarital conceivers over time, stressing important changes in the community’s ecological setting and the powerful role of political disturbances in structuring those changes.
Graphene as a Prototypical Model for Two-Dimensional Continuous Mechanics
Authors: Lambin Philippe
Published: August 2017

This paper reviews a few problems where continuous-medium theory specialized to two-dimensional media provides a qualitatively correct picture of the mechanical behavior of graphene. A critical analysis of the parameters involved is given. Among other results, a simple mathematical description of a folded graphene sheet is proposed. It is also shown how the graphene–graphene adhesion interaction is related to the cleavage energy of graphite and its C 33 bulk elastic constant.
Bioactive Peptides in Milk: From Encrypted Sequences to Nutraceutical Aspects
Authors: Lucarini Massimo
Published: August 2017

Milk provides a wide range of biologically active compounds that protect humans against diseases and pathogens. The purpose of this work is to describe the main aspects and research lines concerning bioactive peptides: from their chemistry, bioavailability, and biochemical properties to their applications in the healthcare sector. In this context, the uses of bioactive peptides in nutraceutical and functional foods have been highlighted, also taking into account the perspective of innovative applications in the field of circular bioeconomy.
Insulin Resistance and NAFLD: A Dangerous Liaison beyond the Genetics
Authors: Manco Melania
Published: August 2017

Over the last decade, the understanding of the association between insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically evolved. There is clear understanding that carriers of some common genetic variants, i.e., the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) or the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) are at risk of developing severe forms of NAFLD even in the presence of reduced or absent IR. In contrast, there are obese patients with “metabolic” (non-genetically driven) NAFLD who present severe IR. Owing to the epidemic obesity and the high prevalence of these genetic variants in the general population, the number of pediatric cases with combination of genetic and metabolic NAFLD is expected to be very high. Gut dysbiosis, excessive dietary intake of saturated fats/fructose-enriched foods and exposure to some chemicals contribute all to both IR and NAFLD, adding further complexity to the understanding of their relationship. Once NAFLD is established, IR can accelerate the progression to the more severe form of liver derangement that is the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Development of Sustainable Cold Spray Coatings and 3D Additive Manufacturing Components for Repair/Manufacturing Applications: A Critical Review
Authors: Pathak Sunil , Saha Gobinda
Published: August 2017

This review article presents the findings of a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review of the scientific and technological progress of the cold spray process in the field of repair/remanufacturing using the concept of additive manufacturing. A thorough study was conducted on the potential of this technology to form (a) both thin and thick coatings; (b) the ability to fabricate 3D freeform components in a single process, while benefiting from reduced residual stress level compared to conventional thermal spray coatings processes such as high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) or plasma spraying. A systematic overview of the process technology, particularly focusing on the suitability of ceramic-metallic (cermet) composite particles used as feedstock in the deposition was conducted; further elaboration was made pertinent to particle impact and bonding mechanisms during the deposition.
A New Method for Evaluating Moisture Content and Aging Degree of Transformer Oil-Paper Insulation Based on Frequency Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Xia Guoqiang , Wu Guangning , Gao Bo , Yin Haojie , Yang Feibao
Published: August 2017

The condition of oil-paper insulation is closely related to the life expectancy of a transformer. The accurate results of oil-paper have not been obtained due to the impact of influencing factors. Therefore, in order to improve the evaluation accuracy of oil-paper insulation, in this paper, oil-paper samples which were prepared with different aging and moisture content were analyzed by frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS). Results show that when the moisture content is less than 2%, the range of 101~103 Hz is mainly affected by moisture and aging has little effect. However, with the increase of moisture content, the effect of aging degree on this band became increasingly prominent. Sm, which represents the integral value from 10−1 to 10−3 Hz, and SDP, which represents the integral value from 101 to 103 Hz, were extracted as characteristic parameters of moisture content and aging degree respectively. Compensation factors γ which represents the influence ratio of moisture on SDP and φ which represents the influence ratio of aging on Sm were introduced to compensate for the influence of moisture content and aging degree on characteristics respectively. Then, a new method was proposed to evaluate the condition of oil-paper based on compensation factors. Through this method, the influence in characteristics can be eliminated by the obtained actual compensation factors, thus distinguishing the internal influence between moisture content and aging degree on FDS. Finally, this method was verified by field test.
Icing Forecasting of Transmission Lines with a Modified Back Propagation Neural Network-Support Vector Machine-Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel (BPNN-SVM-KELM) Based on the Variance-Covariance Weight Determination Method
Authors: Niu Dongxiao , Liang Yi , Wang Haichao , Wang Meng , Hong Wei-Chiang
Published: August 2017

Stable and accurate forecasting of icing thickness is of great significance for the safe operation of the power grid. In order to improve the robustness and accuracy of such forecasting, this paper proposes an innovative combination forecasting model using a modified Back Propagation Neural Network-Support Vector Machine-Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel (BPNN-SVM-KELM) based on the variance-covariance (VC) weight determination method. Firstly, the initial weights and thresholds of BPNN are optimized by mind evolutionary computation (MEC) to prevent the BPNN from falling into local optima and speed up its convergence. Secondly, a bat algorithm (BA) is utilized to optimize the key parameters of SVM. Thirdly, the kernel function is introduced into an extreme learning machine (ELM) to improve the regression prediction accuracy of the model. Lastly, after adopting the above three modified models to predict, the variance-covariance weight determination method is applied to combine the forecasting results. Through performance verification of the model by real-world examples, the results show that the forecasting accuracy of the three individual modified models proposed in this paper has been improved, but the stability is poor, whereas the combination forecasting method proposed in this paper is not only accurate, but also stable. As a result, it can provide technical reference for the safety management of power grid.
The Climate-Independent Need for Renewable Energy in the 21st Century
Authors: Warner Kevin , Jones Glenn
Published: August 2017

In December 2015 the nations of the world agreed, in principle, to limit global warming to no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve this goal, recent publications have shown that (1) more than 50% of known fossil fuel reserves need to remain unused, and (2) the timing of the transition away from fossil fuels needs to achieve 50% renewable energy by 2028, an expansion of renewable sources of 37-fold in the next 12 years. This rate of expansion is unprecedented and unlikely to be achieved. Even utilizing the 50% of fossil fuels untapped in a <2 °C scenario results in significant expansion of renewable energy sources by 2100. Here we examine three fossil fuel reserve estimates and two per capita energy consumption tracks to understand how dominant renewable energy sources need to be during the second half of the 21st century. We find that per capita energy consumption rates are a more significant factor in the demand for renewable energy infrastructure, as wide ranging estimates of fossil fuel reserves still result in peak production by mid-century. At either of the consumption rates, attempting to uphold the 2 °C global warming goal would demand more energy from renewable sources than was produced from all sources in 2014. In total, the world will likely require between 600 and 2000 exajoules of renewable energy by the year 2100, a significant expansion from the 13 produced in 2014. Despite meaningful gains in renewable energy sources, the transition away from fossil fuels is not keeping pace with rising global population, and expansion of global per capita consumption. Even in the absence of global warming concerns, renewable energy infrastructure needs to immediately begin significant expansion.
Efficiency Evaluation and Policy Analysis of Industrial Wastewater Control in China
Authors: Yang Weixin , Li Lingguang
Published: August 2017

With increasing emissions of industrial wastewater and poor control measures, environmental pollution has become a serious issue haunting China’s economic development. Meanwhile, the current pollution management policy system in China is mainly under the supervision of the central government and executed by local governments. Under the current economic growth model of China, the industrial sector remains the dominant segment of our economy, which makes the Total Factor Efficiency (TFE) evaluation and policy analysis of industrial wastewater control decisive factors concerning China’s future economic growth and sustainable development. Based on existing studies of China and abroad, and with the help of a Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) model, this paper used 39 industrial sectors and their input-output data from 2003 to 2014 of China as Decision Making Units to calculate the TFE of wastewater control in different industrial sectors of China. Moreover, we have designed and adopted our own MATLAB programming for optimization solutions of multi-variable constrained nonlinear functions in order to obtain a more accurate estimation of the TFE of wastewater control. Based on our calculation results, this paper further explained the difference in TFE and policy implications across typical industries in China, and offered policy recommendations accordingly.
Development of an Integrated, Personalized Comfort Methodology for Office Buildings
Authors: Antoniadou Panagiota , Papadopoulos Agis
Published: August 2017

Despite the significant progress observed over the last decades, the European building stock still consumes significant amounts of energy (39% of the total final energy), whilst it does not always provide the conditions required for occupants’ well-being and thermal comfort sensation. In order to achieve the goal of nearly or even zero energy buildings, a deep refurbishment of the building stock is imperative. As the literature indicates, a firm evaluation of indoor conditions is essential, while having at the epicenter the occupants’ comfort perception, with emphasis on their individual characteristics. In this respect, a methodological framework is developed and a preliminary implementation is performed. The main goal of the methodological approach is the consideration of both the classical comfort parameters along with the occupants’ socioeconomic and personalized characteristics that affect their perception and can differentiate their needs even under the same conditions. Among other important findings this preliminary implementation achieved some very promising results, highlighting that occupants’ individual characteristics such as recycling and exercising can affect the occupants’ comfort perception.
DG Placement in Loop Distribution Network with New Voltage Stability Index and Loss Minimization Condition Based Planning Approach under Load Growth
Authors: Kazmi Syed , Shin Dong
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a new planning approach based on voltage stability index (VSI) together with improved loss minimization (LM) formulations. The method has employed for application of distributed generation (DG) unit placement (location and size) in a loop (configured) test distribution network (LDN). Initially, VSI relationship for equivalent loop model has employed to find out potential locations for DG placement in LDN. Later, loss minimization formulations and loss minimization conditions (LMC) have been derived on the basis of an equivalent electrical model of LDN, for single and two DGs operating at various power factors, respectively. The proposed approach is comprised of two variants and has demonstrated on the 69-bus test distribution network. The first planning variant as a single case has applied for DG allocation (location, size, number) in LDN under normal load. Similarly, the second planning variant has demonstrated with three cases (six scenarios per case), evaluated under normal load and impact of load growth (across five years), respectively. The proposed approach has analyzed in terms of various performance indicators and results obtained have compared and found in close agreement with existed works in literature. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed planning approach and establish that LDN performs better than radial distribution network from the perspective of load growth.
A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Corrective Switching of Transmission Systems in Emergency Scenarios
Authors: Xu Xin , Cao Yongji , Zhang Hengxu , Ma Shiying , Song Yunting , Chen Dezhi
Published: August 2017

The large capacity transmission of power over long distance and the rapid development of renewable energy increase the probability of unexpected emergencies such as overload and under-voltage. To tackle these emergencies and defend future disturbances, the corrective switching is implemented as an online control and a multi-objective scheme-making approach is proposed. A multi-objective 0-1 integer optimization model is established to cover a set of contradictory objectives from the aspects of economics, security and reliability. A two-phase optimization approach is proposed to ensure computation efficiency and coordinate the trade-off between these objectives: in the first phase, a feasible set silting method is utilized to quickly search for a set of candidate corrective switching schemes; in the second phase, the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is applied to the candidate set to coordinate the contradictory objectives and determine the ultimate engineering scheme. Two case studies are conducted to verify the proposed approach in overload and under-voltage scenarios. The results are discussed to show the strengths when the performance indices of economics, security and reliability are considered.
Physical and Compression Properties of Pellets Manufactured with the Biomass of Five Woody Tropical Species of Costa Rica Torrefied at Different Temperatures and Times
Authors: Gaitán-Alvarez Johanna , Moya Roger , Puente-Urbina Allen , Rodriguez-Zuñiga Ana
Published: August 2017

The purpose of the biomass torrefaction and pelletizing processes is to increase its energy properties, be environmentally friendly, decrease shipping costs, and make handling easier. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the density, internal density variation by X-ray densitometry, moisture content, water absorption, and compression force of torrefied biomass pellets of five wood species (Cupressus lusitanica, Dipterix panamensis, Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, and Vochysia ferruginea) under three torrefaction temperature conditions (light, middle, and severe) and three torrefaction times (8, 10, and 12 min). The results showed that the bulk density of the pellets was 0.90–1.30 g/cm3. The density variation of the pellets was higher with torrefaction at 250 °C. The moisture content decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature from 3% to 1%. Water absorption was lower in the pellets torrefied at 250 °C. The compression force was lower in the pellets torrefied at 250 °C with approximate loads of 700 N. Based on the above results, it was concluded that pellets made with biomass torrefied at 200 °C have better energy properties and evaluated properties. According to these results, pellets fabricated with the torrefied biomass of tropical species can be used in stove, gas, and hydrogen production because the pellet presents adequate characteristics.
Study on the Status of Health Service Utilization among Caregivers of Left-Behind Children in Poor Rural Areas of Hunan Province: A Baseline Survey
Authors: Ji Meimei , Zhang Yefu , Zou Jiaojiao , Yuan Tong , Tang Amber , Deng Jing , Yang Lina , Li Mingzhi , Chen Jihua , Qin Hong , Lin Qian
Published: August 2017

Background: The caregivers of left-behind children (CLBC) in China’s poor, rural areas are mostly elderly and women. Their health status and access to health services have not been previously characterized. This study aims to explore the status of CLBC in terms of their health service utilization and to provide a scientific basis for guiding effective implementation of health policy in rural Hunan. Methods: Random cluster sampling was used to survey CLBC in two rural counties. Face-to-face interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data, including socioeconomic status and health service utilization. The two-week prevalence rate was used to reflect health service needs, while the two-week visiting rate, annual hospitalization rate and participation in basic public health services were used to evaluate health service utilization. Results: Of the 518 respondents in the study, 95.9% were farmers and 88.4% were over 40 years old. The two-week prevalence rate was 36.1%. Furthermore, 40.1% of ill caregivers’ activities were partly restricted by illness and 3.7% needed to be on bed rest. The two-week visiting rate was 21.0%. The main reasons for not seeing a doctor were “self-medication” (39.1%) or “financial difficulties” (32.6%). The annual hospitalization rate of the CLBC was 22.6% and the non-hospitalization rate of those who needed hospitalization was 41.5%. “Lack of time” (22.3%) and “financial difficulties” (50.5%) were the major factors affecting the utilization of hospitalization services. In terms of participation in basic public health services, only 35.1% CLBC clearly knew that township hospitals have established health records for them. Only 50.6% of caregivers received free health examinations in village clinics or township hospitals and 81.3% of the caregivers did not participate in health education or lectures organized by local health institutions in 2014. Conclusions: The utilization rate of health services was extremely low, which may affect the quality of care for left-behind children. Better public health education through multi-sector cooperation is urgently needed to improve health cognition among CLBC in rural China.
Health Risks Awareness of Electronic Waste Workers in the Informal Sector in Nigeria
Authors: Ohajinwa Chimere , Van Bodegom Peter , Vijver Martina , Peijnenburg Willie
Published: August 2017

Insight into the health risk awareness levels of e-waste workers is important as it may offer opportunities for better e-waste recycling management strategies to reduce the health effects of informal e-waste recycling. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices associated with occupational health risk awareness of e-waste workers compared with a control group (butchers) in the informal sector in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was used to assess health risk awareness of 279 e-waste workers (repairers and dismantlers) and 221 butchers from the informal sector in three locations in Nigeria in 2015. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic backgrounds, occupational history, knowledge, attitude, and work practices. The data was analysed using Analysis of Variance. The three job designations had significantly different knowledge, attitude, and practice mean scores (p = 0.000), with butchers consistently having the highest mean scores. Only 43% of e-waste workers could mention one or more Personal Protective Equipment needed for their job compared with 70% of the butchers. The health risk awareness level of the e-waste workers was significantly lower compared with their counterparts in the same informal sector. A positive correlation existed between the workers’ knowledge and their attitude and practice. Therefore, increasing the workers’ knowledge may decrease risky practices.
Factors Affecting Depressive Symptoms among North Korean Adolescent Refugees Residing in South Korea
Authors: Park Subin , Lee Minji , Jeon Jin
Published: August 2017

We examined factors affecting the depressive symptoms and the relationship between depression and quality of life among 131 North Korean adolescent refugees aged 12–24 years. We compared sociodemographic, social, and individual characteristics and perceived the quality of life between participants with and without depression. Thirty-seven refugees (28.2%) had clinically significant depressive symptoms. The refugees with depression were younger (t = 2.67; p = 0.009), more likely to be male (χ2 = 6.98; p = 0.009), and more likely to have a Chinese father (χ2 = 9.05; p = 0.003) than those without depression. The refugees with depression had lower levels of psychological social support (t = 2.96; p = 0.004) and resilience (t = 4.24; p < 0.001) and higher levels of alcohol problems (t = −2.08; p = 0.043), aggression (t = −3.15; p = 0.003), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; t = −2.89; p = 0.004). They also reported lower levels of life satisfaction (t = 3.31; p = 0.001) and had a more negative view of their future (t = 2.68; p = 0.010). Interventions to increase resilience, to decrease the impact of traumatic events, and to provide psychological support may be helpful for North Korean adolescent refugees at risk of depression.
Effects of Short-Term Set-Aside Management Practices on Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activity in China
Authors: Li Guangyu , Wu Cifang
Published: August 2017

Set-aside farmland can effectively improve the self-rehabilitation of arable soil. Long-term set-asides however cannot satisfy provisionment, therefore the use of short-term set-asides to restore cultivated soil is a better option. Few studies have compared short-term set-aside patterns, and the effects of set-asides on soil microbial community and enzyme enzymes. We analyzed the bacterial structure, microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen and enzyme activity of farmland soil under different set-aside regimes in the Yellow River Delta of China. Bacterial alpha diversity was relatively lower under only irrigation, and farmyard manure applications showed clear advantages. Set-asides should consider their influence on soil organic carbon and nitrogen, which were correlated with microbial community structure. Nitrospira (0.47–1.67%), Acidobacteria Gp6 (8.26–15.91%) and unclassified Burkholderiales (1.50–2.81%) were significantly altered (p < 0.01). Based on functions of these genera, some set-aside patterns led to a relative balance in nitrogen and carbon turnover. Partial treatments showed a deficiency in organic matter. In addition, farmyard manure may lead to the increased consumption of organic matter, with the exception of native plants set-asides. Conventional farming (control group) displayed a significant enzyme activity advantage. Set-aside management practices guided soil microbial communities to different states. Integrated soil microbiota and the content of carbon and nitrogen, native plants with farmyard manure showed an equilibrium state relatively, which would be helpful to improve land quality in the short-term.
GIS-Based Visibility Network and Defensibility Model to Reconstruct Defensive System of the Han Dynasty in Central Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhu Jianfeng , Nie Yueping , Gao Huaguang , Liu Fang , Yu Lijun
Published: August 2017

The Silk Road opened during the Han Dynasty, and is significant in global cultural communication. Along this route in the central part of Xinjiang, the archaeological sites with defensive characteristics once provided a safeguard for this area. Reconstructing the defensive system is an important way to explore the ancient culture’s propagation and the organizational structure of these sites. In this research, the compound visibility network with complex network analysis (CNA) and the least-cost paths based on the defensibility models from linear and logistic regression methods constitute the principle defensive structure. As possible transportation corridors, these paths are considered to be mostly fitted to each other in general, and are different from normal slope-based paths. The sites Kuhne Shahr and Agra play important roles for information control according to the CNA measures, while the sites Kuhne Shahr and Kuyux Shahr are considered to be crucial cities due to their positions and structural shapes. Some other sites, including Uzgen Bulak, Shah Kalandar, Chuck Castle, Caladar, and Qiuci, as well as some beacons, have important effects on defending the transportation corridors. This method is proven efficient for the study of the historical role of archaeological sites with defensive characteristics.
Evaluating the Impact of Meteorological Factors on Water Demand in the Las Vegas Valley Using Time-Series Analysis: 1990–2014
Authors: Huntra Patcha , Keener Tim
Published: August 2017

Many factors impact a city’s water consumption, including population distribution, average household income, water prices, water conservation programs, and climate. Of these, however, meteorological effects are considered to be the primary determinants of water consumption. In this study, the effects of climate on residential water consumption in Las Vegas, Nevada, were examined during the period from 1990 to 2014. The investigations found that climatic variables, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, precipitation, diurnal temperature, dew point depression, wind speed, wind direction, and percent of calm wind influenced water use. The multivariate autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMAX) model found that the historical data of water consumption and dew point depression explain the highest percentage of variance (98.88%) in water use when dew point depression is used as an explanatory variable. Our results indicate that the ARIMAX model with dew point depression input, and average temperature, play a significant role in predicting long-term water consumption rates in Las Vegas. The sensitivity analysis results also show that the changes in average temperature impacted water demand three times more than dew point depression. The accuracy performance, specifically the mean average percentage error (MAPE), of the model’s forecasting is found to be about 2–3% from five years out. This study can be adapted and utilized for the long-term forecasting of water demand in other regions. By using one significant climate factor and historical water demand for the forecasting, the ARIMAX model gives a forecast with high accuracy and provides an effective technique for monitoring the effects of climate change on water demand in the area.
Progenitor Cells from Cartilage: Grade Specific Differences in Stem Cell Marker Expression
Authors: Mazor Marija , Cesaro Annabelle , Ali Mazen , Best Thomas , Lespessaille Eric , Toumi Hechmi
Published: August 2017

Recent research has confirmed the presence of Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like progenitors (MPC) in both normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. However, there is only limited information concerning how MPC markers are expressed with osteoarthritis (OA) progression. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of various MPC markers in different OA grades. Human osteoarthritic tibial plateaus were obtained from ten patients undergoing total knee replacement. Each sample had been classified into a mild or severe group according to OARSI scoring. Tissue was taken from each specimen and mRNA expression levels of CD105, CD166, Notch 1, Sox9, Acan and Col II A1 were measured at day 0 and day 14 (2 weeks in vitro). Furthermore, MSC markers: Nucleostemin, CD90, CD73, CD166, CD105 and Notch 1 were studied by immunofluorescence. mRNA levels of MSC markers did not differ between mild and severe OA at day 0. At day 14, protein analysis showed that proliferated cells from both sources expressed all 6 MSC markers. Only cells from the mild OA subjects resulted in a significant increase of mRNA CD105 and CD166 after in vitro expansion. Moreover, cells from the mild OA subjects showed significantly higher levels of CD105, Sox9 and Acan compared with those from severe OA specimens. Results confirmed the presence of MSC markers in mild and severe OA tissue at both mRNA and protein levels. We found significant differences between cells obtained from mild compared to severe OA specimens suggests that mild OA derived cells may have a greater MSC potential.
Analysis of the Pathogenic Factors and Management of Dry Eye in Ocular Surface Disorders
Authors: Nebbioso Marcella , Del Regno Paola , Gharbiya Magda , Sacchetti Marta , Plateroti Rocco , Lambiase Alessandro
Published: August 2017

The tear film represents the interface between the eye and the environment. The alteration of the delicate balance that regulates the secretion and distribution of the tear film determines the dry eye (DE) syndrome. Despite having a multifactorial origin, the main risk factors are female gender and advanced age. Likewise, morphological changes in several glands and in the chemical composition of their secretions, such as proteins, mucins, lipidics, aqueous tears, and salinity, are highly relevant factors that maintain a steady ocular surface. Another key factor of recurrence and onset of the disease is the presence of local and/or systemic inflammation that involves the ocular surface. DE syndrome is one of the most commonly encountered diseases in clinical practice, and many other causes related to daily life and the increase in average life expectancy will contribute to its onset. This review will consider the disorders of the ocular surface that give rise to such a widespread pathology. At the end, the most recent therapeutic options for the management of DE will be briefly discussed according to the specific underlying pathology.
Identification and Analysis of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Cascades in Fragaria vesca
Authors: Zhou Heying , Ren Suyue , Han Yuanfang , Zhang Qing , Qin Ling , Xing Yu
Published: August 2017

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules in eukaryotes, including yeasts, plants and animals. MAPK cascades are responsible for protein phosphorylation during signal transduction events, and typically consist of three protein kinases: MAPK, MAPK kinase, and MAPK kinase kinase. In this current study, we identified a total of 12 FvMAPK, 7 FvMAPKK, 73 FvMAPKKK, and one FvMAPKKKK genes in the recently published Fragaria vesca genome sequence. This work reported the classification, annotation and phylogenetic evaluation of these genes and an assessment of conserved motifs and the expression profiling of members of the gene family were also analyzed here. The expression profiles of the MAPK and MAPKK genes in different organs and fruit developmental stages were further investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, the MAPK and MAPKK expression patterns in response to hormone and abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and high and low temperature) were investigated in fruit and leaves of F. vesca. The results provide a platform for further characterization of the physiological and biochemical functions of MAPK cascades in strawberry.
Leaf Physiological and Proteomic Analysis to Elucidate Silicon Induced Adaptive Response under Salt Stress in Rosa hybrida ‘Rock Fire’
Authors: Soundararajan Prabhakaran , Manivannan Abinaya , Ko Chung Ho , Muneer Sowbiya , Jeong Byoung Ryong
Published: August 2017

Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) on growth and development have been witnessed in several plants. Nevertheless, studies on roses are merely reported. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to illustrate the impact of Si on photosynthesis, antioxidant defense and leaf proteome of rose under salinity stress. In vitro-grown, acclimatized Rosa hybrida ‘Rock Fire’ were hydroponically treated with four treatments, such as control, Si (1.8 mM), NaCl (50 mM), and Si+NaCl. After 15 days, the consequences of salinity stress and the response of Si addition were analyzed. Scorching of leaf edges and stomatal damages occurred due to salt stress was ameliorated under Si supplementation. Similarly, reduction of gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, higher lipid peroxidation rate, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species under salinity stress were mitigated in Si treatment. Lesser oxidative stress observed was correlated with the enhanced activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in Si+NaCl treatment. Importantly, sodium transportation was synergistically restricted with the stimulated counter-uptake of potassium in Si+NaCl treatment. Furthermore, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) results showed that out of 40 identified proteins, on comparison with control 34 proteins were down-accumulated and six proteins were up-accumulated due to salinity stress. Meanwhile, addition of Si with NaCl treatment enhanced the abundance of 30 proteins and downregulated five proteins. Differentially-expressed proteins were functionally classified into six groups, such as photosynthesis (22%), carbohydrate/energy metabolism (20%), transcription/translation (20%), stress/redox homeostasis (12%), ion binding (13%), and ubiquitination (8%). Hence, the findings reported in this work could facilitate a deeper understanding on potential mechanism(s) adapted by rose due to the exogenous Si supplementation during the salinity stress.