bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the European Union countries digitalization in the conditions of globalization
Authors: Samoilenko Alla
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Developed countries began to digitize their national economies resulting in transformation of human capital with digital and information technologies by making new demands on education. Transformational changes in the conditions of the world society development in the context of globalization put forward the need to reform the system of training, retraining and advanced training, as well as to promote the development of human capital creative abilities in accordance with the needs of the digital economy.The purpose of the study is to provide a scientific bases for the definition of the «digital economy» concept and to distinguish its key components, to outline the digitalization features and identify «digital gaps» in the EU countries using the Index of Digital Economy and Society (DESI).Methods. According to the purpose of the study, modern scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular: general scientific research methods (logical analysis, theoretical grounding, ascent from abstract to concrete, formalization and generalization), as well as the method of statistical observation.Results. The article presents the author’s views on the interpretation of the “digital economy” concept which allowed detailing the individual properties and structural elements of the digital economy. Based on the research by the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), three main components of the digital economy are presented. The infrastructure of the digital economy is identified with market and planning approaches. Using the DESI Index on the example of EU countries, an analysis of five key components was performed, including communications, human capital, the Internet use, integration of digital technologies and digital public services. The current state of digital economy in the EU countries was also presented. The author emphasizes the importance of governments role and their prudent policy to motivate the population to use digital and information technologies, to increase awareness in this area and the overall level of country digitalization.Discussion. The success of the country in the digital economy development will further depend on the national digital and information capabilities, the development of internal infrastructure, the readiness of society for transformational changes, dictated by globalization. The necessary legal framework of the digital economy, balanced state strategies for IT development, formation of the potential for professional skills development and basic ICT literacy, as well as professional career in the information field will result in positive changes in national economies under context of digitalization.Perspectives. Prospects for further research include the need for statistical analysis of the digital economy key components in the regional context of the world countries, actions ranking and sequencing in the theoretical and methodological support of measures to enhance the use of digital and information products by countries.
ВМІСТ МІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ТА ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ В ҐРУНТІ І РОСЛИНАХ РІПАКУ ОЗИМОГО (BRASSIKA CAMPESTRIS VAR. OLEIFERA)
Authors: Капустіна Г. , Тесля Ю. , Кривенко А. , Бурикіна С.
Published: June 2021

Стоки природних чи інших вод є джерелом локального забруднення сільськогосподарських угідь та довкілля. Окремі культурні рослини мають підвищену здатність до акумуляції металів і можуть використовуватися в технологіях фіторемедіації. Тому дослідження рівнів забруднення ґрунтів як об'єктів довкілля що мають на своїх площах будь-які джерела надходження токсичних металів є актуальним. Не менш важливим є і встановлення особливостей накопичення мікроелементів і важких металів культурними рослинами. Встановлено розподіл і накопичення металів різних груп токсичності в орному шарі моніторингових ділянок на чорноземі південному та в рослинах ріпаку озимого с. Рескатор в залежності від мікрорельєфу поля обумовленого наявністю природного стоку вод.
ЗДОБУТКИ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ У ХАРЧОВІЙ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Сімахіна Галина , Науменко Наталія
Published: June 2021

У сучасних умовах інноваційний шлях розвитку України є єдино доцільним, економічно обґрунтованим, підтвердженим багаторічною діяльністю індустріально розвинених країн світу. Це однаково стосується усіх галузей суспільного життя. Особливого значення набирає інноваційний розвиток у харчових технологіях, де цілеспрямований пошук, формування і реалізація інновацій дають можливість отримати нове покоління харчових продуктів, яке відповідає принципам здорового харчування і формулі харчування ХХІ століття – якість, ефективність та абсолютна безпека для споживача. Інновації у харчових виробництвах на нинішньому етапі мають посилено впроваджуватись передусім у виробництві оздоровчих харчових продуктів, частка яких на світовому ринку постійно зростає, а в Україні не перевищує 2…3 % від загального обсягу харчової продукції. Це є особливо актуальним у зв’язку зі вступом України до Світової організації торгівлі і широкими можливостями виробництва та реалізації експортно-орієнтованої продукції.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КРИТИЧНОЇ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ ТЕРМІЧНО НЕСТАБІЛЬНИХ АЛКАНІВ ЗА НИЗЬКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНИМИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИМИ ДАНИМИ
Authors: Заїка Світлана , Лобурець Анатолій
Published: June 2021

Запропоновано метод оцінки критичних параметрів важких алканів шляхом екстраполяції експериментальних даних, що відображають залежність густина-температура в області між температурами плавлення і кипіння до критичної температури включно. Одержано аналітичний вираз для апроксимації рідинної вітки бінодалі. Знайдено значення критичних параметрів С13Н28, С15Н30, С18Н38, С20Н42, С24Н50, С25Н52, С30Н62, С32Н66, С36Н74 та проведено аналіз і порівняння зі значеннями, взятими з літературних джерел. На прикладі взятих з літератури результатів прецизійних досліджень пропану виконана оцінка можливих погрішностей.
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЇ ДИНАМІЧНИХ НАПРУЖЕНЬ В ОКОЛІ ПАЯНОГО ШВУ В УМОВАХ РЕЗОНАНСУ
Authors: Лупаренко Олена
Published: June 2021

Представлено уточнений розрахунок спектру резонансних частот паяногоз’єднання; проведено підбір найбільш економічного варіанта поєднання пар основнихматеріалів і припоїв стикових паяних з’єднань за для мінімізації впливу динамічнихефектів; проведено чисельно-аналітичне дослідження коефіцієнтів концентраціїнапружень в проблемних зонах кусочно-однорідного прямокутного перерізупризматичної паяної деталі.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНОЇ НАДІЙНОСТІ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РОБОТИ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ МЕРЕЖ ТА ЕЛЕКТРОУСТАКОВАННЯ
Authors: Зайцев Є. , Кучанський В. , Гунько І.
Published: June 2021

Дедалі частіше в літературі зустрічаються поняття локальних електричних мереж або microgrid. Сучасні локальні електричні системи (ЛЕС) України є складовою частиною розподільних електричних мереж енергопостачальних компаній. Локальна електрична мережа являться розподільною електричною мережею або її частиною, в якій в якості джерел енергії використовуються джерела розосередженого генерування, що використовують нетрадиційні та відновлювальні джерела енергії. Дослідженням показників якості електричної енергії в ЛЕС присвячені роботи як багатьох вітчизняних, так і іноземних вчених. Всі вони акцентують увагу на тому, що напруга у вузлах мережі з ВДЕ під час експлуатації може бути меншою або більшою граничних допустимих значень. Так само гармонійні складові струмів і напруг – можуть мати понаднормовані відхилення. Відомо, що в електричних мережах 3–35 кВ з ізольованою нейтраллю відбуваються процеси, які негативно позначаються на роботі електромагнітних пристроїв. Наприклад, середній термін служби трансформаторів напруги (ТН) часто не перевищує 3–5 років. До причин, які викликають пошкодження електрообладнання, можна віднести ферорезонансні перенапруги, комутаційні перенапруги, перехідні процеси, зміщення нейтралі, наявність постійної складової магнітного потоку в ТН при автоколивальних процесах в мережі. Значна кількість пошкоджень обладнання в мережах з ізольованою нейтраллю викликана ферорезонансом. Це явище викликає перенапруги або надструми, на вплив яких обладнання не розраховане і від яких воно не захищене. Крім того, ферорезонанс виникає частіше, ніж інші види впливів. Він особливо небезпечний тим, що може тривати довго. Показано, що підвищення надійності енергетичного обладнання є засобом підвищення надійності електропостачання споживачів. Це потребує розбудову та розвиток гібридних мереж з одночасним забезпеченням реконструкції і модернізації вже існуючого електроенергетичного устаткування ОЕС України та використання в його структурі відповідних засобів контролю основних контрольно-діагностичних параметрів.
НЕЧІТКЕ І НЕЙРОМЕРЕЖЕВЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ В СИСТЕМАХ УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: Дранишников Леонід
Published: June 2021

Сформульовано методику синтезу системи управління на основі теорії нечітких множин. Наведено результати імітаційного моделювання системи з нечітким логічним контролером і нейроконтролером. При побудові моделей і бази правил були застосовані засоби MATLAB - Simulink, Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. Запропоновано метод нечіткої адаптації параметрів настройки регулятора. Результати моделювання показали, що при незмінних параметрах об'єкта регулювання системи з нечіткими регуляторами і нейроконтролером мають кращі динамічні показники в порівнянні з класичними системами. Виконано аналіз роботи нечіткого регулятора. Розглянуто основні процеси, що відбуваються в нечіткому висновку у нечітких системах управління.
АКТИВАЦІЯ УЩІЛЬНЕННЯ СИПУЧИХ РЕЧОВИН
Authors: Іванко Володимир , Сухомлин Владислав , Саєнко Олег , Кузьменко Григорій
Published: June 2021

У статті розглядаються деякі аспекти отримання виробів з високодисперсних сипучих матеріалів. Порошки отримують за різних умов проведення реакцій. Можливе отримання тіл з високою густиною і прозорістю, які знаходять широке використання у різноманітних фізичних приладах та технічних пристроях.
ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF CHRONIC PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH GUNSHOT WOUNDS TO THE NERVES OF THE EXTREMITIES
Authors: Borodai Olena , Litovchenko Tetyana
Published: June 2021

The articles consider aspects of the formation of chronic pain in patients with gunshot wounds to the nerves of the extremities, features of their clinical and neurological manifestations, the need for timely diagnosis and treatment.
БАЗИСНА ТЕРАПІЯ У ХВОРИХ НА БРОНХІАЛЬНУ АСТМУ ПРИ COVID-19
Authors: Сухан Вікторія
Published: June 2021

Було обстежено 30 хворих на бронхіальну астму інфікованих коронавірусом SARS-CoV-2, що лікувались амулаторно , віком від 22 до 65 років. Діагноз COVID-19 , був підтверджений ПЛР-тестом. Всім хворим було проведено лабораторне обстеження: загальний аналіз крові, коагулограма, феритин, С-реактивний білок, Д-димер, прокальцитонін та діагностичне обстеження: комп’ютерну томографію. Хворі були поділені на дві групи. В першій групі (12) хворих не змінювалось дозування базисної терапії бронхіальної астми, а в другій (18)– доза інгаляційних кортикостероїдів збільшилась у 2 рази. При комп’ютерно-томографічному обстеженні в ІІ-групі у 72,7% пацієнтів не було виявлено ознак «ковідної» пневмонії порівняно з 66,7% в І-групі хворих.
Análisis, evaluación y pronóstico de la inflación en México, mediante un modelo univariado de series de tiempo
Authors: Guerrero Víctor M.
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento que ha mostrado la inflación al paso del tiempo, en particular se enfatiza el análisis del año 1984.
Las transacciones fronterizas en el norte de México
Authors: Vargas Aguayo Alberto
Published: June 2021

Descripción: Distantes de los principales núcleos de actividad nacional, las localidades fronterizas del país mantienen una estrecha relación con sus semejantes situadas en el exterior, que se manifiesta en múltiples y diversos grados, conforme a las características propias de la zona. Esto se traduce -en relación a la balanza de pagos- en transacciones económicas de las que se derivan egresos e ingresos de divisas por compra-venta de mercancías, actividades turísticas, transferencias, remuneraciones al factor trabajo, etc.
Las transacciones fronterizas en el primer semestre de 1984
Authors: Gabriel Vera y Ferrer
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este documento, es el de proporcionar una síntesis de los primeros resultados de la encuesta de transacciones fronterizas, correspondientes al semestre enero-junio de 1984
La comunicación humana entre profesionales de la salud del primer nivel de atención de salud pública y cuidadoras principales de niñas y niños menores de dos años y su repercusión en las prácticas de alimentación infantil
Authors: Alvarado-Casas Rocío
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Identificar, en los estudios más recientes, los comportamientos durante la consulta en el primer nivel de atención de salud pública a través de la comunicación interpersonal entre profesionales de la salud (PS) y cuidadoras principales (CP) sobre la difusión de las prácticas de alimentación de niñas y niños menores de dos años. Metodología: El estado del arte corresponde a 13 artículos científicos entre los años de 2016 a 2020 sobre comunicación interpersonal médico-paciente, comunicación organizacional, nivel sociodemográfico, calidad de la comunicación y alimentación infantil y el pilotaje de cuestionarios y entrevistas a profundidad en unidades del primer nivel de atención de salud pública. Se incluyeron a PS y CP de un niño menor de dos años. Resultados: El grado de conformidad de la comunicación interpersonal durante la consulta se ve afectado por la calidad de la atención, la información brindada y la consideración de los determinantes sociales de las CP. Conclusión: El flujo de la comunicación entre PS y CP tiene interferencias que no permiten un alto nivel del contenido de la información que se brinda sobre alimentación infantil.
Comunicación y multiculturalidad en empresas manufactureras: el caso de Rockwell Collins-EEMSA en México y Genesem Inc. en Corea del Sur
Authors: Gallegos Arredondo Ambar Eugenia
Published: June 2021

En un mundo en donde la tecnología cambia de manera inmediata, en el que las empresas en la actualidad no solamente se encuentran instaladas en una ciudad o país, sino que se van globalizando y se van instalado en distintos países en el mundo, lo que lleva a que al interior de ellas se tenga un ambiente en el que se da la multiculturalidad, puede surgir un cuestionamiento sobre ¿cómo es la comunicación al interior de estas organizaciones?, ¿cómo se dan las relaciones entre los empleados con compañeros de otras nacionalidades? Por ello, se realizó un estudio a partir de un análisis metodológico visual en el que además de poder realizar una observación, se pudieron utilizar diversas técnicas de investigación con la finalidad de adquirir datos sobre el tema. Los resultados muestran que hay oportunidades de mejora al interior de las organizaciones.
DGNSS Cooperative Positioning in Mobile Smart Devices: a Proof of Concept
Authors: Minetto Alex , Bello Maria Chiara , Dovis Fabio
Published: June 2021

In recent years positioning and navigation capabilities in mobile devices have become essential to the evergrowing number of position-related smart applications. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constitutes the provider for geo-localization, therefore consumer-grade, embedded GNSS receivers have become ubiquitous in mobile smart devices. Among these, smartphones play a dominant role in enabling such modern services based on position information. However, GNSS positioning shows several weaknesses in urban contexts where mobile smart devices are massively diffused. Indeed, the limited sky visibility and multipath scattering induced by buildings severely threat the quality of the final solution. Two main ingredients can enable innovative collaborative strategies capable to increase the robustness of GNSS navigation: The availability of raw GNSS measurements which have been recently disclosed in ultra-low cost smartphone chipsets and the ubiquitous connectivity provided by modern low-latency, network infrastructures allowing for near-real-time exchange of data. This work presents the architecture of a Proof Of Concept designed to demonstrate the feasibility of a GNSS-only Cooperative Positioning among networked smartphones equipped with GNSS receivers. The test campaign presented in this work assessed the feasibility of the approach over 4G/LTE network connectivity and an average accuracy improvement over the 40%.
SPF ICE: A Novel Approach to Model the Amount And Effectiveness of Silica to Preserve Glaciers Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Prabu Aadhav
Published: June 2021

Glaciers cover nearly 10 percent of the earth’s surface but are melting at an inexorable rate. According to the Pacific Standard magazine, the Arctic Sea ice has lost 80 percent of its volume since 1979. Antarctica’s ’Doomsday Glacier’ is melting faster and could raise global sea levels by two feet. As three-quarters of the earth’s fresh water is stored in glaciers, its melting depletes freshwater resources for millions of people. Glaciers also play a huge role in the climate crisis. Silica microspheres are promising materials to prevent glacier melting as it reflects most of the sun’s radiation. When spread in layers over the glacier, it can slow the rate of melt and aid in new ice formation. However, it is necessary to determine the ideal amount of silica to achieve the desired result with minimum environmental impact. This paper introduces a novel method SPF ICE to determine the optimal amount of silica based on glacier’s properties using reinforcement learning agents and a custom OpenAI Gym environment. The environment simulates a real-world model of a glacial setting using specific data, such as the glacier’s mass balance, temperature, and average accumulation and ablation. After testing the agents, the proposed solution reduced glacial melting by an average of 60.40% using the optimal amount of silica. The results indicate SPF ICE is a promising and cost-effective solution to curb glacier melting.
A Convex Optimization Approach for the Design of Supergain Electrically Small Antenna and Rectenna Arrays Comprising Parasitic Reactively Loaded Elements
Authors: Georgiadis Apostolos , Carvalho Nuno Borges
Published: June 2021

A convex optimization formulation is provided for antenna arrays comprising reactively loaded parasitic elements. The objective function consists of maximizing the array gain, while constraints on the admittance are provided in order to properly account for reactive loads. Topologies with two and three electrically small dipole arrays comprising one fed element and one or two parasitic elements respectively are considered and the conditions for obtaining supergain are investigated. The admittance constraints are formulated as linear constraints for specific cases as well as more general, quadratic constraints, which lead to the solution of an equivalent convex relaxation formulation. A design example for an electrically small superdirective rectenna is provided where an upper bound for the rectifier efficiency is simulated.
Double Synchronous Unified Virtual Oscillator Control for Asymmetrical Fault Ride-Through in Grid-Forming Voltage Source Converters
Authors: Awal M A , Rachi Md Rifat Kaisar , Yu Hui , Husain Iqbal , Lukic Srdjan
Published: June 2021

A double synchronous unified virtual oscillator controller (dsUVOC) is proposed for grid-forming voltage source converters to achieve synchronization to the fundamental frequency positive- and negative-sequence components of unbalanced or distorted grids. The proposed controller leverages a positive- and a negative-sequence virtual oscillator, a double-sequence current reference generator, and a double-sequence vector limiter. Under fault conditions, the controller enables to clamp the converter output current below the maximum value limited by the converter hardware while retaining synchronization without a phase-locked-loop (PLL) regardless of the balanced or unbalanced nature of grid faults. Consequently, balanced and unbalanced fault ride-through can be achieved without the need for switching to a back-up controller. The paper presents the systematic development of the double-synchronous structure along with detail design and implementation guidelines. Validation of the proposed controller is provided through extensive control-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) experiments.
Novel Multipath TCP Scheduling Design for Future IoT Applications
Authors: Asiri Mohammed Yahya
Published: June 2021

Today, mobile devices like smartphones are supported with various wireless radio interfaces including cellular (3G/4G/LTE) and Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) [46]. The legacy devices can only communicate with only one interface. The Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP, has a limitation inability to change connection settings without breaking the connection. Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) protocol has been proposed to solve TCP single-interface limitation and provides a huge improvement on application performance by using multiple paths transparently (auto path changing). The last mile is the final networking segment which carried all network traffic. The available bandwidth in last-mile link can effectively harm the network throughput as it limits the amount of transmitted data. The quality of the last mile networks significantly determines the reliability and quality of the carrying network. MPTCP can provide a convenient solution for the last mile problem. An MPTCP scheduler needs to provide significant packet routing schedules based on the current status of paths (sub-flows) in terms of loss rate, bandwidth and jitter, in a way, maximizing the network goodput. MPTCP extends the TCP by enabling a single byte stream split into multiple byte streams and transfer them over multiple disjoint network paths or subflows. An MPTCP connection combines a set of different subflows where each subflow performance depends on the condition of its path (including packet loss rate, queue delay, and throughput capacity). Unreliable packet scheduling may lead to critical networking issues such as the head-of-line (HoL) blocking where the packets scheduled on the low-latency path must wait for the packets on the high-latency path to ensure in-order delivery and the out-of-order (OFO) packets, the receiver must maintain a large queue to reorganize the received packets. In this project, we aim to study and experiment MPTCP scheduling on dynamic networks (like a cellular network) and try to propose an MPTCP schema which can be effective to overcome limitations of dynamic networks performance.
FROM BRAZIL: A TRIBUTE TO CLAUDINE SHERRILL
Authors: Mauerberg-deCastro Eliane
Published: June 2021

It was learned only last week in Brazil that the “Mother of Adapted Physical Activity (APA),” Claudine Sherrill, died on May 8, 2020. As her colleague and friend, I wrote a tribute to Claudine. I wanted to familiarize my young Brazilian colleagues with her contributions to the field of APA in Brazil. I also wanted to touch upon her personality and how it left fond memories in the minds of many Brazilian colleagues. And I wanted to remind all of us -- who knew her personally and who knew of her -- about the woman that she was: kind, generous, creative, passionate, fearless, and fun. 
Received on: 2021/06/04
Accepted: 2021/06/07
The Use of Growth Mattress and Stunting Early Detection in Toddlers Aged 3-24 Month
Authors: Iswati Retno setyo , Tri Mardiyanti  , Asworoningrum Yulindahwati
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is the third Southeast Asia country that has the highest prevalence of stunting toddler. Stunting is a chronic malnutrition condition that can start within the first thousand days of life and detectable up to two years of age by height. However, the measurement of the toddler's height can be influenced by the skills of Posyandu cadres using existing tools, so that the growth mattress is launched which is easier and faster to use detect stunting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using growth mattress for stunting early detection in toddlers aged 3-24 months. This research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach which is carried out at Posyandu of Siwalankerto Community Health Center working area. Respondents involved in this study were 42 toddlers aged 3-24 months and 54.8% of them were male.  Data were obtained through questionnaires and observation sheets which were filled in by Posyandu cadres independently. The results showed that the effectiveness of using growth mattress was in the range of 80.9% and could detect the presence of stunting by 7.2%. The conclusion of this study is that the use of growth mattress as a medium for early detection of stunting is mostly effective
UNION AND INTERSECTION OF CHAOTIC GRAPHS WITH DENSITY VARIATION
Authors: ميلاد العقاب فتحية , ميـــلاد العـقـــــاب ابتـســـام
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study is to discuss the union and intersection operations on chaotic graphs with density variation; the adjacency and incidence matrices representing the chaotic graphs induced from these operations will be introduced when physical characters of chaotic graphs have the same properties.
There are several applications that have been utilized on chaotic graphs with density variation. The most practical applications of these kinds of operations on chaotic graphs with density variation are the internet signal speeds and the variation of green color for different parts of the plant. For example, in botany, in some cases, several plants suffer from a lack of chlorophyll in the damaged parts of the plant. In this case, the plant is represented by a chaotic graph, and the proportion of chlorophyll is represented by the density property, then the appropriate process is applied to increase the chlorophyll percentage in the appropriate place, so these operations help us to choose the suitable operator that satisfies our desires and requests.
Keywords: adjacency matrix, incidence matrix, chaotic graph, density, union, intersection.
Evaluation of the Crack Model of V Type Longitudinal Ribs on Orthotropic Deck Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: علم دار فاتح
Published: June 2021

The long span orthotropic bridge decks applied around the world are used with open or closed cross-sectional longitudinal ribs placed below the steel deck to increase the strength of the deck. Fatigue cracks are developed in the longitudinal ribs due to traffic loadings. In this study, v type of longitudinal rib cross-sections are modelled and the stresses for the rib are evaluated under tire load loading using finite element analysis. Longitudinal ribs are used for long span steel bridges. The aim of this study is to compare the fatigue crack path of the longitudinal rib on a real bridge with the stress pattern in the finite element model.
Requirements for controlling the accident’s cost problems for construction projects
Authors: نافع العاني زهير
Published: June 2021

The construction sector is one of the most accident-prone sectors during onsite work. Therefore, it increases the costs of the projects and add more amount to the budget i.e., the workers' hospitalization charges on injuries, and casualties led to it. The current study reviews the site cost issues due to the accidents caused during the construction projects with their suggested solutions. This research has reviewed thirty Sudanese Construction sector projects and analyses their results in detail to obtain the possible solutions as a part of an integrated site management system for accident cost problem (diagnosing and solving). It also used to reduce accidents, and to prevent any extra costs which might occur due to it.
Resident-as-teacher to provide multidisciplinary online medical education on Instagram
Authors: Liu Chaocheng , Sharma Sanjay
Published: June 2021

Implication Statement

Instagram is an easy-to-use smartphone-based program and an increasingly popular platform for medical education. A total of 17 weekly structured resident-led education sessions that cover 15 different medical specialities were hosted on an Instagram account (@medskldotcom) to publish clinical “pearls” – short pieces of free standing, evidence-based, clinically relevant information designed specifically for medical students. With the cancellations of out-of-province clerkship electives during COVID-19 pandemic, the number of resident-led Instagram accounts to promote residency programs have increased. Our initiative can be easily adapted by residents or even clinicians to provide medical education to medical students, showcase residents, and attract followers on Instagram.
Evaluation of planting spacing and effects on the yield for Malaysia grain corn production
Authors: Khadzir Mohd Khusairy , Shari Erwan Shah , Ahmad Mohd Haniff , Abdul Rani Rohazrin , Ahmad Sayuti Adli Fikri
Published: June 2021

Currently, the average grain corn yield in farmer field is 3-4 t/ha and sometimes as low as 1 to 2 t/ha. Whereas large scale planting in research station, the harvested average yield can reach up to 5 to 6 t/ha and CCT yield of 8-9 t/ha and the operation cost is more than RM5,000.00/ha. Planting spacing study is one of the mechanisms for lowering the cost of grain corn cultivation. It’s also plays an important role in the growth of corn crops. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of planting spacing on the yield of grain corn. The evaluation has been conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang. A 90hp tractor attached with pneumatic row planting machine used for the cultivation operation. Five planting spacing (13, 16, 19, 22, and 25 cm) was evaluated. Study showed no significant differences on growth performance and cob corn. For the yield, the results showed significant differences at p <0.05. The highest yield at planting spacing at 13 cm is 10.78 tan/ha
Identifying volunteers’ motivation: A factor analysis study
Authors: Zainuddin Norzairiah , Md Yusof Zahayu , Zaini Bahtiar Jamili , Mansor Rosnalini
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on the motivational factors that influence the volunteering acts of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) students from the Foundation Management course by using factor analysis. The volunteering programme at the university are vastly expanded in the form of charity works, funding, sports activities, events, and other aspects by which the main and primary volunteers are students. This study was conducted to identify students’ volunteer motivation that complement the programme organiser goal and objectives. This is a quantitative research by using factor analysis method and questionnaire survey is conducted on the UUM students (n=204). In this study, only variables with factor loading of greater than 0.4 is included in the analysis. From extraction sums of squared loading, 5 factors with eigenvalues higher than one were extracted. The volunteer’s motivation of UUM students may be summarized in 5 factors which represents 61.49% of total variance explained. Research findings reveal only four main reasons that influenced students’ volunteer motivation. The main factor that influenced students’ volunteer motivations was self-enhancement. The other factors that follows were expression of values, career orientation, and interpersonal contacts. In the future, any volunteering programme that is planned needs to consider the students interests in order to fully maximize the students’ participation which concurrently would help the organiser to achieve the desired objective and outcome of the programme itself.
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS/MS) Analysis of Extracts from Four Cassia Species
Authors: Jibril Saidu , Mohd Sirat Hasnah , Idris Maikudi Musa , Mohammad Aminu , Muhammad Kamal Ja’afar
Published: June 2021

Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) process increases the rate of extraction, the yield of extracted components and reduces extraction time. The high sensitivity of GC-MS/MS provides reliable identification of phytoconstituents present in a plant extract. This research is to develop an easy and effective method for the extraction and analysis of phytochemicals in C. singueana, C. sieberiana, C. tora and C. occidentalis using UAE and GC-MS/MS techniques. The crude extracts obtained from the four Cassia species under UAE conditions of 50 mins extraction time, 50 oC extraction temperature and 20 mL/g solvent to sample ratio were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. Thirty-four compounds were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology library, requiring at least 80% similarity. These compounds comprise fatty acids, fatty alcohol, carboxylic acid, long-chain alkanes, diterpenes, triterpenes, sterols and anthraquinones. n-Hexadecanoic acid and phytol were identified in all the Cassia species while anthraquinone was detected only from the methanol extracts of C. tora and C. occidentalis. The bioactivities reported in the literature for these compounds corroborate with the phytoconstituents identified in these plants and support the ethnomedicinal uses of these Cassia species.
Perlakuan Metakognitif Pelajar Tingkatan Empat di Sekolah Hulu Selangor dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematik
Authors: Mohd Khalid Farhana Aida , Rozaimi Nik Nur Ainaa Athirah , Taha Hafsah
Published: June 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti perlakuan metakognitif murid Tingkatan Empat dalam menyelesaikan masalah Matematik. Secara spesifiknya kajian ini mengenal pasti perbezaan tahap perlakuan metakognitif murid dalam menyelesaikan masalah Matematik berdasarkan jantina dan tahap pencapaian Matematik mereka. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk kaedah tinjauan. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah borang soal selidik metakognitif yang merangkumi konstruk kesedaran, strategi kognitif, perancangan dan pengesanan kendiri serta menggunakan instrumen ujian. Dapatan menunjukkan tahap perlakuan metakognitif murid Tingkatan Empat dalam menyelesaikan masalah bagi konstruk kesedaran, strategi kognitif, perancangan dan pengesanan kendiri adalah tinggi. Hasil analisis ujian-t menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan signifikan antara tahap perlakuan metakognitif murid berdasarkan jantina. Kajian juga menunjukkanidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara tahap perlakuan metakognitif murid dalam menyelesaikan masalah Matematik berdasarkan tahap pencapaian mata pelajaran tersebut.
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Potentiation of the Antimicrobial Activity of 4-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-allylideneamino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one by Metal Chelation
Authors: Aguzue Onyinye Chinelo , Adedayo Adebiyi , Phillip Oviawe Amowie
Published: June 2021

A Schiff base ligand, 4-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-allylideneamino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one has been synthesized by the condensation of Methoxycinnamaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine. Its divalent metal complexes of Co, Ni, and Cu were also synthesized using the mechanochemical solvent-free method. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV/visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC-MS. The ligand behaved as a bidentate donor by using its carbonyl and azomethine N as binding sites for the metals. The ligand showed low activity against some microbes but the complexes were remarkably active against the fungi species.
Normality for Non-normal Distributions
Authors: Koh Khong Liang , Ahad Nor Aishah
Published: June 2021

It has been usually assumed that a sample data is normally distributed when the sample size is at least 30. This is the general rule in using central limit theorem based on the sample size being greater or equal to 30. Many literary works also assumed normality when sample size is at least 30. This study aims to determine the least required sample size that satisfy normality assumption from three non-normal distributions, Poisson, Gamma and Exponential distributions. Computer simulations are carried out to study the least required sample size for the three distributions. Through the study, it is found that sample data from Poisson and Gamma distributions need sample size less than 30, while Exponential needs more than 30 to achieve normality.
Features of coordination of parameters of technical equipment with characteristics of production plans of machine-technological systems of farming
Authors: Veremeychik N. V. , Gritsyshyn M. I. , Dnes V. I. , Kudrynetskyi R. B. , Skibchyk V. I.
Published: June 2021

Annotation
Purpose. Improving the efficiency of growing agricultural products by harmonizing the parameters of technical equipment with the characteristics of production plans.
Methods. Statistical analysis, system analysis and synthesis, monographic, economic and mathematical.
Results. Scientific and methodological bases of coordination of parameters of technical equipment with characteristics of production plans of machine-technological systems of tillage, fertilizers and sowing of agricultural crops are developed.
Conclusions
1. It is established that the process of coordination of parameters of technical equipment with the characteristics of production plans of machine-technological systems of tillage, fertilization and sowing of winter and spring crops should be considered at strategic (prospective), tactical, operational (current) levels, which increases efficiency technical resources in crop production.
2. The possibility of mathematical description of events in the models of strategic, tactical and operational planning is the basis for the development of an appropriate information and analytical system to improve the management of field harvesting projects.
3. The harmonization of the parameters of technical equipment with the characteristics of production plans will help increase the efficiency of agricultural production.
Keywords: farming, system analysis, technical means, equipment, machine-technological systems, production plans, machine operations.
Development of means of mechanization of fodder production
Authors: Kuzmenko V. F. , Maximenko V. V. , Kholodiuk O. V.
Published: June 2021

Annotation
Purpose.Establishing the main directions of development of technical means for the preparation of feed for the current state of development of technology in Ukraine and the world.
Methods.Monographic, analytical, systematic analysis of the transformation of technical objects and technological processes of harvesting and storage of stem feeds and prospects for their development.
Results. Prospects for the development of dairy farming in Ukraine are identified, the main machines for stem fodder harvesting are identified, the characteristics of domestic and foreign production machines are analyzed, their differences are determined, examples of innovative developments in some types of technical means for fodder harvesting are given.
Conclusions. Feed harvesting machines produced by Ukrainian producers do not meet the needs of milk producers with more than 120–150 cows, are produced irregularly, in separate batches. Domestic manufacturers of machines for forage harvesting do not produce the entire list of necessary machines. Only the simplest machines of low productivity are issued, use of means of automation of the executed processes is absent. Based on the research of NSC “IAEE”, some samples of innovative forage harvesters and their promising working bodies have been developed and tested. In most types of machines there are noticeable signs of modularity, unification. To provide livestock producers with feed preparation machines, it is necessary to organize (program) the production of standard-sized rows of modular machines agreed with each other on productivity (working speed, width of capture) in accordance with the available energy resources.
Keywords: dairy cattle breeding, fodder stem, mower, mower-shredder, stirrer, rake, press-sorter, forage harvester, standard-size range, modular structure.
Constraints and Drivers of Community Participation and Empowerment in Tourism Planning and Development in Nigeria
Authors: Adebayo Adenike D. , Butcher Jim
Published: June 2021

It has been argued in the contemporary academic discourse on tourism planning that community participation in the planning process creates a mechanism to mitigate negative impacts and to satisfy at least some of the needs of the community. In this context, this article analyzes the
underlying factors that constrain community participation and empowerment in decision-making in South West Nigeria. It also seeks to identify factors that can drive such processes in tourism development. The research adopts a qualitative approach to gather data from stakeholders in the Nigerian
tourism sector. Findings from the research show that three factors constrained local community participation and empowerment. These factors are mainly intangible and relate to the political culture in Nigeria. They include community awareness and education, issues of trust, transparency, and
accountability, hence making the community members feel a sense of alienation from the process. It is thus recommended that the Local Government Tourism Committees should be given the capacity to function in order to aid participation and empowerment at the local community level.
Modernização, mercantilização e olericultura
Authors: Romanini Netto Emilio , Denardin Valdir Frigo , Schaffrath Valter Roberto
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o trabalho familiar ao longo das respostas diferenciais aos processos de modernização e mercantilização da olericultura na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. A  pesquisa parte de estudos sobre a questão agrária e a sociologia rural, com foco na perspectiva de agência dos atores sociais. As ferramentas metodológicas centram-se em dados primários, secundários e em referencial bibliográfico sobre o tema. Os resultados apontam para a reflexão de que o trabalho familiar é o mediador da produção de múltiplos valores além do monetário, constituindo uma dimensão central em direção a práticas mais autônomas e sustentáveis de desenvolvimento rural.
The Role of Aloe vera and Centella asiatica to the Improvement of Skin Barrier Function in Indonesian Batik Workers
Authors: Damayanti  , Menul Ayu Umborowati  , Sylvia Anggraeni2  , Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
Published: June 2021

Background: The batik industry uses dyes and candles, that can disrupt the skin barrier function and may precipitate skin disease. Objective: To determine the role of Aloe vera and Centella asiatica to the improvement of the skin barrier function in Indonesian batik workersMethods: This was a double blind clinical trial of 30 Indonesian batik workers were divided into 2 group and given Aloe vera or Centella asiatica topical randomly was applied twice a day. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) level, stratum corneum hydration level, and pH level, were examined using Cutometer dual MP-580. Result: Sensitivity (Sn) of new local compared with imported allergen extracts in this study was between 15.38%-84.61%, the highest point was house dust mite extract. Specificity (Sp) was ranged from 81.48%-93.75%, the highest rank was shrimp extract. Compared with IgE results, the Sn of new local and imported house dust mite extracts was good (85.7%; 92.9%). The Sp was good for egg white and cow’s milk new local extracts (86.4%; 84.4%). Conclusion: Aloe vera topical gave significant improvement on palm area of TEWL level (P=0.033; CI 95%), stratum corneum hydration (P=0.000; CI 95%), and pH level (P=0.004; CI 95%); while on dorsal hand area of stratum corneum hydration (P=0.002; CI 95%). Centella asiatica topical gave significant improvement on palm area of stratum corneum hydration (P=0.007; CI 95%); while on dorsal hand area of stratum corneum hydration (P=0.001; CI 95%) and pH level (P=0.17; CI 95%). No significant differences of Aloe vera compared to Centella asiatica in the improvement of skin barrier function.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Prevention of Selected Life Style Diseases in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude among Male Adults at Selected PHC of Kheda District
Authors: Darshana B. Suthar  , Kailash Nagar
Published: June 2021

Background of Study: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that life style diseases (with mostly preventable risk factors) are biggest killer across the world. Globally, 60% people die each year from life style diseases. 70% deaths are preventable from all non-communicable diseases by modifying life style. Lifestyle diseases are diseases linked with the way people live their life1. These are non-communicable diseases. This is commonly caused by lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating, alcohol, drugs and smoking2.Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge and Attitude of male adults before and after administration of a planned teaching programme regarding prevention of selected life style disease. 2. To compare the knowledge and attitude score before and after teaching program. 3. To find out the association of post test attitude score regarding prevention of selected life style diseases with their selected demographic variables.Methodology: The research design adopted for the study was one group pretest posttest, quasi experimental research design3. 50 male adults were selected from selected PHC of kheda district by convenient non probability sampling technique and structured knowledge questionnaire and Likert’s attitude rating scale were prepared to assess the knowledge and the attitude of samples. Reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire and likert’s attitude rating scale were ascertained by using test retest method.Results: The study was conducted at Salun PHC. pre-test knowledge range was 7.27, mean was 14.74, standard deviation was 4.28, median was 14.00 and mode was 12.00 and post-test knowledge range was 21.30, mean was 26.12, standard deviation was 2.20, median was 27 and mode was 27.while pre-test attitude range was 43.55, mean was 50.04, standard deviation was 2.83 and median was 51.and post-test level of attitude, 49(98%) had favourable attitude, 1 (2%) had moderately favourable attitude and none of them had unfavourable. The maximum score was 30, mean was 11.38, standard deviation was 2.47 and paired t-test value was 32.53 that hence there exists a significance effectiveness on level of knowledge before and after administration of planned teaching programme among male adults. The maximum score was 60, mean was 3.40, standard deviation was 3.03, mean percentage was and paired t-test value was 07.93 that hence there exists a significance effectiveness on level of attitude before and after administration of planned teaching programme among male adults
Physical Burden among Caregiver of Child with Nephrotic Syndrome in Najaf City in Iraq
Authors: Entesar Abdulameer Fajr
Published: June 2021

Caregiver of children with Nephrotic syndrome report negative impact on their physical and psychological health. The descriptive (cross-sectional) research is an investigation done to determine the physical burden among caregivers of children with Nephrotic syndrome. During the time from September 23, 2018 to September 1, 2019, an intended (non-random) samples (115) are select from Al-Sadr Medical City in Najaf city. The tool is present to (21) professionals from different academies to be effective, and the reliable of the tool is determine complete by coefficient alpha implicit, and the consistency of this tool is (r = 0.81). Nephrotic syndrome is the greatest cause of burden for patients and caregiver. This may be related to patients, needs that include physical, psychological, and emotional support. This requires much knowledge and more skills from caregivers and developed responsibilities for them. These responsibilities may lead to much burden that includes social and economic burdens. It can be concluded that more than half of the caregiver of child with Nephrotic Syndrome were affect by physical burden at moderate to severe degree.