bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FGF13 Is Required for Histamine-Induced Itch Sensation by Interaction with NaV1.7
Authors: Dong Fei , Shi Haixiang , Yang Liu , Xue Huaqing , Wei Manyi , Zhong Yan-Qing , Bao Lan , Zhang Xu
Published: November 2020

Itch can be induced by activation of small-diameter DRG neurons, which express abundant intracellular fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13). Although FGF13 is revealed to be essential for heat nociception, its role in mediating itch remains to be investigated. Here, we reported that loss of FGF13 in mouse DRG neurons impaired the histamine-induced scratching behavior. Calcium imaging showed that the percentage of histamine-responsive DRG neurons was largely decreased in FGF13-deficient mice; and consistently, electrophysiological recording exhibited that histamine failed to evoke action potential firing in most DRG neurons from these mice. Given that the reduced histamine-evoked neuronal response was caused by knockdown of FGF13 but not by FGF13A deficiency, FGF13B was supposed to mediate this process. Furthermore, overexpression of histamine Type 1 receptor H1R, but not H2R, H3R, nor H4R, increased the percentage of histamine-responsive DRG neurons, and the scratching behavior in FGF13-deficient mice was highly reduced by selective activation of H1R, suggesting that H1R is mainly required for FGF13-mediated neuronal response and scratching behavior induced by histamine. However, overexpression of H1R failed to rescue the histamine-evoked neuronal response in FGF13-deficient mice. Histamine enhanced the FGF13 interaction with NaV1.7. Disruption of this interaction by a membrane-permeable competitive peptide, GST-Flag-NaV1.7CT-TAT, reduced the percentage of histamine-responsive DRG neurons, and impaired the histamine-induced scratching, indicating that the FGF13/NaV1.7 interaction is a key molecular determinant in the histamine-induced itch sensation. Therefore, our study reveals a novel role of FGF13 in mediating itch sensation via the interaction of NaV1.7 in the peripheral nervous system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTScratching induced by itch brings serious tissue damage in chronic itchy diseases, and targeting itch-sensing molecules is crucial for its therapeutic intervention. Here, we reveal that FGF13 is required for the neuronal excitation and scratching behavior induced by histamine. We further provide the evidence that the histamine-evoked neuronal response is mainly mediated by histamine Type 1 receptor H1R, and is largely attenuated in FGF13-deficent mice. Importantly, we identify that histamine enhances the FGF13/NaV1.7 interaction, and disruption of this interaction reduces histamine-evoked neuronal excitation and highly impairs histamine-induced scratching behavior. Additionally, we also find that FGF13 is involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced scratching behavior and hapten 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-induced chronic itch.
Dopamine Signaling in Wake-Promoting Clock Neurons Is Not Required for the Normal Regulation of Sleep inDrosophila
Authors: Fernandez-Chiappe Florencia , Hermann-Luibl Christiane , Peteranderl Alina , Reinhard Nils , Senthilan Pingkalai R. , Hieke Marie , Selcho Mareike , Yoshii Taishi , Shafer Orie T. , Muraro Nara I. , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte
Published: November 2020

Dopamine is a wake-promoting neuromodulator in mammals and fruit flies. InDrosophila melanogaster, the network of clock neurons that drives sleep/activity cycles comprises both wake-promoting and sleep-promoting cell types. The large ventrolateral neurons (l-LNvs) and small ventrolateral neurons (s-LNvs) have been identified as wake-promoting neurons within the clock neuron network. The l-LNvs are innervated by dopaminergic neurons, and earlier work proposed that dopamine signaling raises cAMP levels in the l-LNvs and thus induces excitatory electrical activity (action potential firing), which results in wakefulness and inhibits sleep. Here, we test this hypothesis by combining cAMP imaging and patch-clamp recordings in isolated brains. We find that dopamine application indeed increases cAMP levels and depolarizes the l-LNvs, but, surprisingly, it does not result in increased firing rates. Downregulation of the excitatory D1-like dopamine receptor (Dop1R1) in the l-LNvs and s-LNvs, but not of Dop1R2, abolished the depolarization of l-LNvs in response to dopamine. This indicates that dopamine signals via Dop1R1 to the l-LNvs. Downregulation of Dop1R1 or Dop1R2 in the l-LNvs and s-LNvs does not affect sleep in males. Unexpectedly, we find a moderate decrease of daytime sleep with downregulation of Dop1R1 and of nighttime sleep with downregulation of Dop1R2. Since the l-LNvs do not use Dop1R2 receptors and the s-LNvs also respond to dopamine, we conclude that the s-LNvs are responsible for the observed decrease in nighttime sleep. In summary, dopamine signaling in the wake-promoting LNvs is not required for daytime arousal, but likely promotes nighttime sleep via the s-LNvs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn insect and mammalian brains, sleep-promoting networks are intimately linked to the circadian clock, and the mechanisms underlying sleep and circadian timekeeping are evolutionarily ancient and highly conserved. Here we show that dopamine, one important sleep modulator in flies and mammals, plays surprisingly complex roles in the regulation of sleep by clock-containing neurons. Dopamine inhibits neurons in a central brain sleep center to promote sleep and excites wake-promoting circadian clock neurons. It is therefore predicted to promote wakefulness through both of these networks. Nevertheless, our results reveal that dopamine acting on wake-promoting clock neurons promotes sleep, revealing a previously unappreciated complexity in the dopaminergic control of sleep.
Developmental and molecular response of bovine embryos to reduced nutrients in vitro
Authors: Herrick Jason R , Rajput Sandeep , Pasquariello Rolando , Ermisch Alison , Santiquet Nicolas , Schoolcraft William B , Krisher Rebecca L
Published: November 2020

Recent studies in our laboratory have indicated that bovine embryos only use a small amount of the nutrients available to them in culture. Our objective was to evaluate the developmental and molecular response of bovine embryos when nutrient concentrations in the culture medium were significantly reduced. Following IVM and IVF, embryos were cultured in media containing 75, 50, and 25% (experiment 1) or 25, 12.5, and 6.25% (experiment 2) of the concentrations of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids, and vitamins) present in our control medium (100%). Blastocyst formation, hatching, and allocation of cells to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) were evaluated on day 7. Although the number of TE cells was decreased (P < 0.05) when nutrient concentrations were ≤25% (73.8–124.1 cells), it was not until nutrient concentrations were reduced to 6.25% that blastocyst formation (18.3 ± 3.0%) and hatching (3.0 ± 1.3%) were inhibited (P < 0.05) compared to embryos cultured in the control medium (156.1 ± 14.1 cells, 40.0 ± 3.8%, 20.0 ± 3.1%, respectively). Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation (etomoxir) reduced (P < 0.05) blastocyst development, with more pronounced effects at lower nutrient concentrations (≤12.5%). Reducing nutrient concentrations was associated with increased activity of AMPK, decreased activity of mTOR, and altered abundance of transcripts for hexokinase 1 (HK1), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), consistent with an increase in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Reduced nutrient conditions provide a unique perspective on embryo metabolism that may facilitate the optimization of culture media.

Lay summary

To support early embryo development in the first week after fertilisation, an appropriate mixture of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids, and vitamins) is needed in the culturing solution. However, refining these solutions to support optimal embryo health remains challenging. In this study, bovine (cow) embryos derived from abattoir material were used as a model for the development of other mammalian embryos, including humans. These embryos were cultured in the presence of 75, 50, 25, 12.5, or 6.25% of the nutrients present in control conditions (100%), which are similar to those reported for the fluids of the fallopian tubes and uterus. Embryo development was largely unaffected in the 75, 50, and 25% treatments, with some embryos developing in the presence of only 6.25% nutrients. Cow embryos are remarkably resilient to reduced concentrations of nutrients in their environment because they can utilize internal stores of fat as a source of energy.
Production of levulinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass with a recyclable aromatic acid and its kinetic study
Authors: Ji Hairui , Dong Cuihua , Yang Guihua , Pang Zhiqiang
Published: November 2020

Levulinic acid (LA), a renewable and valuable platform chemical from lignocellulosic biomass, has exhibited major potential in the production of biomaterials and biofuels. This study reports the production of LA from lignocellulose using a recyclable aromatic acid, toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH), and its reaction kinetics were investigated. The adoption of p-TsOH, which has a special hydrophobic and hydrophilic structure, dramatically improved the yield of LA to a competitive level (57.9±4.1%) at the optimum conditions (reaction temperature = 162 °C, catalyst concentration = 0.95 mol/L, and reaction time = 64 min). Meanwhile, the kinetics involving the simultaneous conversion of both glucan (the cellulose component) and mannan (the hemicellulose component) to LA were examined. The results indicated that the activation energy values in the reaction kinetics were lower than those in previous studies that used H2SO4 as a catalyst. Consequently, the maximum yield of LA was easily obtained at a lower temperature (170 °C). The results of this study are important for process modelling applications and the production of LA from lignocellulosic materials.
Preparation of a lignin/polyaniline composite and its application in Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Seo Jin Ho , Choi Cheol Soon , Bae Jin Ho , Jeong Hanseob , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Yong Sik
Published: November 2020

Lignin/polyaniline composites were prepared by adding kraft lignin for the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI), a typical conductive polymer. The composites were utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). When lignin alone was used as an adsorbent, the removal efficiency of Cr was low. However, when the lignin/PANI composite was used, lignin and PANI adsorbed Cr(III) together. The PANI reduced Cr(VI), which resulted in the efficient removal of Cr. In addition, as the dosage of the lignin/PANI composite decreased as an adsorbent, the Cr removal efficiency of the composite decreased considerably compared with pure PANI. However, the composite with a lignin-to-PANI ratio of 1:1 showed a Cr removal efficiency similar to that of pure PANI. The morphology of the lignin/PANI composite was observed to synthesize PANI around the lignin surface. Both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that an interaction between the carbonyl groups of lignin and the amine groups of PANI occurred. This study is expected to provide an opportunity to increase the utilization of lignin in the field of environmental science and provide several benefits.
Development and analysis of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) fiber-reinforced cement composites
Authors: Querido Victor A. , d’Almeida José Roberto M. , Silva Flávio A.
Published: November 2020

Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) fiber-reinforced cement composites were developed and analyzed. Dried sponge gourd fruit’s fibrous vascular system forms a natural 3D network that can reinforce matrices in composite materials, diverting cracks along the complex array of 3D interfaces between the fibers and the cementitious matrix. To avoid fiber deterioration, the cement paste was modified by incorporating pozzolanic materials. The fibers were mechanically characterized by tensile testing of strips of the 3D natural fiber array and of single fibers extracted from the array. The fibers had an average tensile strength of 140 MPa and an average Young’s modulus up to 28 GPa. Image analysis showed that the fiber spatial distribution inside the 3D network was random. The modified cement paste was characterized by its workability (flow table test) and mechanical behavior (compression and three-point bending tests), with average results of 430 mm, 62.7 MPa, and 6.2 MPa, respectively. Under bending, the cement matrix collapsed after the first crack. The sponge gourd-cement composite manufactured with 1 wt% of fibers showed an average flexural strength of 9.2 MPa (approximately 50% greater than the unreinforced matrix). Importantly, the composite also presented a limited deflection-hardening behavior. These results support sponge gourd’s possible use as reinforcement in cement matrix composites.
Effects of various processing parameters on the mechanical properties of sisal fiber/PES composites produced via selective laser sintering
Authors: Idriss Aboubaker I. B. , Li Jian , Wang Yangwei , Guo Yanling , Elfaki Elkhawad A.
Published: November 2020

A new type of sustainable material, i.e., a sisal fiber/poly-ether sulfone composite (SFPC), which is energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and has a low cost, was developed for laser sintering additive manufacturing. This study was performed to explore the effects of the processing parameters on the SFPC composite parts produced via selective laser sintering (SLS). The effects of the laser sintering processing parameters, i.e., the preheating temperature, laser power, and scan speed, were studied. Bending and tensile testing of the SFPC specimens was successfully performed via SLS. The effect of the processing parameters on the SLS in terms of the mechanical strength of the laser-sintered parts was investigated. The results determined that the processing parameters had a significant effect on the mechanical strength of the sintered SFPC parts. When the preheating temperature and laser power were increased in the processing SLS system, the mechanical strength of the sintered SFPC parts was significantly increased. However, the scanning speed had an inverse proportional relationship to the mechanical strength of the SFPC SLS parts.
Decay resistance, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of a bagasse fiber/plastic composite
Authors: Hosseinihashemi Seyyed Khalil , Modirzare Mahdi , Safdari Vahidreza , Kord Behzad
Published: November 2020

The decay resistance, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of a bagasse fiber/polypropylene composite were evaluated. Brown- (Coniophora puteana) and white-rot (Trametes versicolor) fungal treatments were applied for 8, 12, and 16 weeks according to BS 838:1961 with the kolle-flask method. The brown- and white-rotted, and control composite samples were immersed in distilled water at 2 h and 24 h to measure the water absorption and thickness swelling of samples according to the ASTM D 570-98 requirements. Results indicated that the both lowest (3.2%) and the highest (7.2%) weight loss were observed in the white-rotted composite samples for 8 and 16 weeks fungal exposure times, respectively. The highest hardness (77.6 Shore D) was noted in the control composite samples, and the lowest hardness (65.5 Shore D) was recorded in the white-rotted composite samples. The highest water absorption (10.5%) was observed in the brown-rotted composite samples for 8 weeks fungal exposure time and after 24 h immersion in distilled water, and the lowest (3.8%) was noted in the control composite samples after 2 h immersion in distilled water. The highest thickness swelling (6.3%) was observed in the control composite samples after 24 h immersion in distilled water, and the lowest thickness swelling (1.9%) was found in the white-rotted composite samples for 16 weeks fungal exposure time and after 2 h immersion in distilled water.
Features of lipid synthesis from [2-14C] acetate in liver and intestinal mucosa of piglets
Authors:   Separated Subdivision of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Berezhany Agrotechnical Institute”, 20 Akademichna str., Berezhany, Ternopil region, 47501, Ukraine, Zakhariv O. Ya. , Vudmaska I. V. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Petruk A. P. ,   Stepan Gzhytskyj National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, 50 Pekarska str., Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Requirement of suckling piglets in lipids are supplied in two ways: with sow milk and by de novo synthesis. Despite the high fat content of milk and increased lipogenesis, lipid content in piglets’ body during the first month of life increases very slightly what is associated with extremely rapid growth at this period and, consequently, significant expenditure of energy and structural lipids for tissues formation. Therefore, it is important to study the intensity of lipid synthesis in suckling piglets. The purpose of our studies was to investigate the age-related dynamics of lipogenesis. Twelve sows of large white breed were selected. From each sow, three piglets were taken at 1-, 10- and 30-day-old age. The piglets were intramuscularly injected with an aqueous solution of [2-14C] sodium acetate at a dose of 100 μCi. After 2 hours, the piglets were killed and samples of the liver, small and large intestine mucosa were obtained. The tissues were homogenized; lipids were extracted and divided into classes by thin layer chromatography. The radioactivity of each fraction was determined by a scintillation counter. The results show that the intensity of lipid synthesis from [2-14C] acetate in liver of 1 day-age piglets was 2.5 times higher than at 10 and 30 days. In the mucous membrane of the small and large intestine of piglets at 1- and 10 days of age, lipid synthesis occurs at almost the same intensity. At 30 days of age it increases significantly in the small intestinal mucosa and decreases in the large intestinal mucosa. Significant differences in the degree of use of [2-14C] acetate in the synthesis of individual lipid classes in the small intestinal mucosa of piglets at all stages of the study compared with the liver were revealed. The same features are observed for the synthesis of individual classes of lipids in the mucosa of the large intestine of piglets at 10 and 30 days of age. The obtained results indicate significant differences in lipid synthesis in the mucosa of the small and large intestine and in the liver of suckling piglets. Acetate is very intensively used for lipid synthesis during the first 30 days of piglets’ life. On the first day of life, lipogenesis is most active in the liver, but with age the lipid synthesis gradually activated in the intestinal mucosa.
Features of the cultivation of the eastern subtropic freshwater shrimp Macrobranchium nipponense (De HAAN 1849) of the lower Dnister in the conditions of circulatory water use systems
Authors:   Odesa State Ecological University, 15 Lvivska str., Odesa, 65016, Ukraine, Astafurov Yu.
Published: November 2020

The data on the peculiarities of M. nipponense shrimp cultivation of the Dnister population in circulatory water use systems for growing crustaceans are presented. One of the most important areas of crustacean farming is the development of principles and the creation of artificial ecosystems for the successful cultivation of aquaculture facilities, which are a valuable source of protein food. Shrimp M. nipponense is a group of aquatic organisms, its production technology in artificial conditions is currently being developed. For the conditions of Ukraine, we can identify four possible areas of shrimp M. nipponense: 1) in the natural conditions of the Dnister river basin; 2) in the ponds of the southern regions of Ukraine in natural climatic conditions (summer period); 3) in the ponds, cages and pools on the warm waters of energy facilities in the summer; 4) in installations with circulatory water use — all year round. At the same time, the four listed options are related to the use of circulatory water use systems for keeping producers in winter, spawning, incubation and rearing of young. Therefore, the study of fishery and biological features, the development of basic biotechnical principles and the creation of technology for reproduction of shrimp M. nipponense in artificial conditions using circulating plants is relevant. For research on M. nipponense we used fishery and biological methods: hydrochemical, biotechnical. Three circulation systems with aquariums with a volume of 0.3–05 m3 with an independent system of thermoregulation, mechanical and biological water purification were used directly for the experiments. Growing shrimp M. nipponense in circulatory water use systems includes two main stages: 1) obtaining planting material; 2) commercial cultivation. Optimization of abiotic factors of shrimp habitat in closed systems allows to reduce by 4–5 times the time of their cultivation, maturation of producers and the formation of uterine herds, which allows year-round to obtain viable young and large planting material to launch M. nipponense in artificial and natural reservoirs.
Behavior Problems During Early Childhood in Children With Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure
Authors: Chu Elaine K. , Smith Lynne M. , Derauf Chris , Newman Elana , Neal Charles R. , Arria Amelia M. , Huestis Marilyn A. , DellaGrotta Sheri A. , Roberts Mary B. , Dansereau Lynne M. , Lester Barry M.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The effects of in utero methamphetamine exposure on behavioral problems in school-aged children are unclear. Our objective for this study was to evaluate behavior problems in children at aged 3, 5, and 7.5 years who were prenatally exposed to methamphetamine.

METHODS:

Subjects were enrolled in the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle study, a longitudinal prospective study of prenatal methamphetamine exposure and child outcomes. Exposed and comparison groups were matched on birth weight, race, education, and health insurance.  At ages 3, 5, and 7.5 years, 339 children (171 exposed) were assessed for behavior problems by using the Child Behavior Checklist. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure, age, and the interaction of exposure and age on behavior problems. Caregiver psychological symptoms were assessed by using the Brief Symptom Inventory.

RESULTS:

Analyses adjusted for covariates revealed that relative to age 3, children at 5 years had less externalizing and aggressive behavior and more internalizing behavior, somatic complaints, and withdrawn behavior.  By age 7.5, aggressive behavior continued to decrease, attention problems increased and withdrawn behavior decreased. There were no main effects for methamphetamine exposure and no interactions of exposure and age.  Caregiver psychological symptoms predicted all behavior problems and the quality of the home predicted externalizing problems and externalizing syndrome scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Behavioral effects longitudinally from ages 3 to 7.5 years were not associated with prenatal methamphetamine exposure, whereas caregiver psychological symptoms and the quality of the home were predictors of behavior problems.
Social processes at the beginning of the 20th сentury in understanding of the Dnipro Ukraine’s intellectuals
Authors: Platmir Yaroslav
Published: November 2020

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries Ukraine did not have a national state, was divided into two large regions, which were part of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. Therefore, Ukrainian intellectuals had to live and work in difficult political conditions, often going to very substantial compromises with imperial forces, represented by both Russian officials and comparatively more numerous Russian intellectual circles. This had a significant impact on the nature and tasks of the Ukrainian movement, substantially corrected both tactical steps and a general strategic course towards its own autonomy and statehood. It is important to note that the evolution of Ukrainian national ideology took place under the influence of European ideas. They, however, captured the thoughts of very narrow circles of humanitarians, most of whom engaged in the study of ethnographic and folklore spheres of peasant life, and therefore, were concerned about a relatively limited range of issues. At the same time, the comprehension of the past and present problems took place against the background of the involvement of a new generation of public figures in the movement. In the territory of Naddniprianshchyna, it was formed in conditions of rapid modernization, while maintaining the imperial (autocratic) system of power. After analyzing all the key aspects of the proposed problem, the author came to the conclusion that in relation to social processes (realities) at the beginning of the 20th century in the Naddniprianshchyna, the Ukrainian intelligentsia focused on socio-cultural, national, regional, and, to a lesser extent, economic and social life. The choice between "culture and politics" was too limited. In a situation, where many forces needed to solve internal (party, interpersonal, etc.) problems, such a local orientation significantly weakened the influence of intellectual circles on society, particularly the peasantry. At that time, when the Ukrainian intelligentsia claimed to be the main driving force of national affirmation, the establishment of ties between the Western (sub-Austrian) and the Eastern (sub-Russian) communities, it did little to its influence among the general population, the common people, that was a gross mistake in the new historical conditions.
Traditional Culture of the Pereyaslav Region (the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries) by the Materials of Field Studies
Authors: Teteria Svetlana , Kostyuk Nataliya
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the issue of the state of kobzarstvo and bandurization in Pereyaslav region in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The path and preconditions for the creation of the first bandurist ensembles are traced. The article analyzes the question of the existence of museums in the Pereyaslav region for the production of musical instruments, as well as the current state of the existence of the national and academic bandura.
History of Ukrainian Peasantry of the Dnipro Ukraine in the Research Perspectives of Postgumnism
Authors: Prysyazhnyuk Yurii
Published: November 2020

Modern Ukrainian historiography of the peasantry is in a position where both modern and postmodern researches are recognized as the scientifically capable ones for proper methodological substantiation and presentation. And while science, as it is known, seeks to focus on innovations that are characterized by greater productivity, convincing argumentation, all of them can still rely on an interested reader. Given this and some other circumstances, the proposed intelligence is a kind of attempt to show how against the backdrop of little apparent crisis phenomena in the methodology of history seem to be efforts aimed at the research prospects of post-human studies. The historiographic feature of intelligence is the author's appeal to a rather wide range of studies of European (more general – Western) scholars, who in the article presented primarily a collection of well – known Polish historians Eve Domanska and Tomas Vyslich. Post-humanism is presented as a complex of institutionalized tendencies and research areas, thoughtfully, intellectually and ethically connected with it. She claims a wide range of "reformal changes" in the methodology of creating historical knowledge, but has not yet been confirmed as a dominant (or even recognized) paradigm. Accordingly, the author tries to find out how scientifically substantiated abandonment of the principles of modernism opens the prospect of a more reliable understanding of the modern world. Critics are subjected to the principles established in modern Ukrainian historiography as anthropocentrism and secularization. They are known to have caused a lot of interpretative inconvenience to researchers in the agrarian society. Qualitative thinking also requires the usual term "Ukrainian peasantry". It loses its widespread significance, because artificially, and therefore, from a scientific point of view it is not justified to "modernize" the peasant traditional world. Post Humanism recognizes the expediency of post-colonial studies. From the point of view of the needs of Ukrainian peasant studies, this is understandable, if we consider that the modernist professed Eurocentrism, it does not refuse from its prevalence, even though it includes both post-European and post-colonial initiatives. In the end, historians (historiographers) will love to "emphasize" under the next flash of activization of peasant studies. Such statements also provoke the logic of creating mega-narratives, since each block of such intellectual products claims to be some kind of (or desired) completeness. The author argues that post humanism destroys this tradition, opens up new horizons for interpreting the past of an "awkward class".
Holocaust in Countryside of Dnipropetrovska Oblast (by Testimony in the Yahad-In Unum Archive)
Authors: Shliakhtych Roman
Published: November 2020

The aim – an analysis of video evidence from the Yahad-In Unum archive, to reveal the features of the Holocaust in the countryside of the Dnipropetrovsk region.Methods: oral-historical, comparative.Main results. The population of the General district was predominantly Ukrainian but the places of residence of the Jewish population were allocated. One such place was The Stalindorf Jewish district. It was founded in 1930 and originally the center of the Jewish colony was the village Izluchyste. In 1931, the district was enlarged and the new district center became the settlement of Stalindorf. The composition of the consolidation area includes 23 of the village Council, 16 of whom were Jewish. In General, only on the territory of Dnipropetrovsk region according to the census of 1939 lived 129 439 Jews. Until mid-October 1941 this area were occupied by German troops. Initially, power in the region belonged to the German military administration, but later it was passed into the hands of civil administration. However, on the ground, the power remained in the hands of local residents, who were controlled by the Germans. The most sinister of all the power structures that were created by the Germans in the occupied territories were the SS, SD and local formations of German police. The witnesses interviewed by the Yahad-In Unum team talk about the "Holocaust mechanism" in their villages, the perpetrators of this crime, the lives of ghetto Jews and labor camps.Сoncise conclusions: after the occupation of the villages by the Nazis, local Jews or executed immediately, or concentration in a certain home and then shot, sometimes in villages created a ghetto. Exactly in this time, the extermination of the Jews began in the region. The Local Police were also involved in these actions. However, it should be noted that not all people who joined the Police of the region were related to the genocide of Jews. The most of people who were involved in the Holocaust held some command positions in the local Police. As a rule, these people only «organized» mass killings of the Jews, although sometimes they participated directly in the Holocaust. The direct executors, together with the Germans, were ordinary Police officers, who were mainly engaged in the gathering and guard of the Jews before the execution, the escorting of the Jews to the sites of execution, protection these sited, and sometimes personally murdered the Jews.Practical meaning. It is recommended for use by authors of articles in magazines, as well as for teaching relevant courses on the history of Ukraine during the Second World War.Originality: used evidence of Holocaust witnesses stored in the Yahad-In Unum archive.Scientific novelty: for the first time on the basis of video evidence from the Yahad-In Unum archive, features of the Holocaust in the countryside of Dnipropetrovsk region were revealed.Type of article: descriptive.
Estudo de teses e dissertações nacionais sobre feiras de Ciências: mapeamento dos elementos que envolvem uma feira de ciências e suas interligações
Authors: Scaglioni Cicero Gularte , Pereira Bruna Andrieli Ilha , Rodrigues Tobias de Medeiros , Leite Filho Ivo , Dorneles Pedro
Published: November 2020

Atualmente ocorrem dezenas de Feiras de Ciências em nosso país. Diante disso, buscamos realizar um levantamento para catalogarmos, em uma planilha eletrônica, os trabalhos de pós-graduação em stricto sensu desenvolvidos no Brasil sobre Feiras de Ciências. Foram localizadas 111 dissertações e 13 teses, tendo como trabalho pioneiro a dissertação de Ronaldo Mancuso de 1993. Tal levantamento demonstrou uma tendência de crescimento no número de trabalhos ao longo dos últimos anos, pois das 124 produções analisadas 109 são do período de 2010 a 2019. Destacamos como possível indício o fomento das chamadas anuais do CNPq de apoio a Feiras e Mostras Científicas. Em relação ao processo de categorização final, encontramos uma dispersão no foco dos trabalhos, pois muitos, apesar de citarem Feira de Ciências, não a tiveram como tema central de pesquisa. Foi identificado que o termo “Feira de Ciências” muitas vezes é usado sem definição consensual. Assim, realizamos uma síntese sobre as definições de Feiras de Ciências apresentadas em publicações de autores renomados no tema. Essa síntese propiciou uma construção de 10 objetivos e a elaboração do mapa de elementos que envolvem uma Feira de Ciências e suas interligações.
Institution versus Charism? The Emmanuel Community, the Catholic Church and John Paul II’s World Youth Days
Authors: Mercier Charles
Published: November 2020

This archive-based study aims to enlighten the way the Emmanuel Community, which is one of the most important Catholic charismatic international community, founded in France in 1973, participated in World Youth Days, the global mega gatherings of young Catholics initiated by Pope John Paul II in 1984. In doing so, it questions the complicated coexistence within Catholicism between geographical structures, including parishes, dioceses and national conferences of bishops, and transnational charismatic movements, which aggregate the faithful on the basis of spiritual affinities (and not according to the place they live in). It is argued that, despite initial failures and tensions, World Youth Days were an opportunity for the Emmanuel Community to be more included within traditional Catholic institutions, first in Rome and then in France.
Charismatic Catholicism, Pentecostal Prophetism and the Question of Influence in Nigeria
Authors: Duniya Reuben E , Duwai Joel Kambai
Published: November 2020

There are notable operational and theological similarities between Pentecostalism and the Charismatic movements in Nigeria. This has led to many studies about the influence between the two. With regard to similarities between Pentecostals and Charismatic Catholics in Nigeria, such studies often assume the former as influencing the latter. In this paper, however, we demonstrate that the similarities and difference between the two movements in Nigeria have more complex origins than just one copying from the other. The cultural environment and a shared New Testament Canon in spite of the varied hermeneutics between Catholics and Pentecostals explain a good deal of the similarities. The doctrinal and liturgical frameworks of Catholicism and Pentecostalism explain the difference especially with respect to the understanding and function of prophecy among these Christian groups. Despite the complexity in the explanation of influence between the two movements, we note that an undeniable influence of Pentecostalism on the Catholic Charismatic movement, theologically and operationally represented by Ejike Mbaka, is the use of the charism of prophecy to influence political affairs.
MACCHIA, Frank D. The Spirit-Baptized Church: A Dogmatic Inquiry
Authors: Lord Andy
Published: November 2020

MACCHIA, Frank D. The Spirit-Baptized Church: A Dogmatic Inquiry. London: T&T Clark, 2020. 252pp. Hbk. ISBN 9780567680686. £85.
METODA OBLICZEŃ AERODYNAMICZNYCH SAMOLOTU PASAŻERSKIEGO PODCZAS LOTU W FORMACJI
Authors: Antczak Adam , Sibilski Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

W artykule wyznaczono obciążenia aerodynamiczne metodą pasową dla samolotu skrzydłowego lecącego w formacji V. We wstępie przedstawiona została potrzeba linii lotniczych na oszczędności paliwowe wraz z przykładowymi ich metodami. Kolejno przedstawiona została analiza możliwości wykorzystania lotu w formacji w samolotach pasażerskich. Następnie pokazany został model matematyczny wyznaczania prędkości indukowanej wygenerowanej przez samolot lidera skrzydłowego oraz opisana została metoda pasowa do wyznaczenia obciążeń aerodynamicznych. Na końcu przedstawione zostały założenia obliczeniowe oraz wyniki dokonanych obliczeń.
Експериментальне дослідження середньої молярної маси компресорних мастил та розчинності холодоагента R290 у них
Authors: Корнієвич С.Г. , Нестеров П.С. , Дмитрієв Е.Д. , Хлієва О.Я. , Желєзний В.П.
Published: November 2020

Останні роки спостерігається підвищений інтерес до застосування вуглеводневих холодоагентів у парокомпресійному холодильному обладнанні. Але в літературі практично відсутні данні з кривої розшарування розчинів холодоагенту R290 в синтетичних компресорних мастилах та данні з молярної маси цих мастил. Ця інформація потрібна для моделювання теплофізичних властивостей розчинів холодоагент/мастило. У статті наведено результати дослідження середньої моляр­ної маси поліефірного компресорного мастила ProEco® RF 22S і алкілбензольного компресорного мастила RENISO SP46, які рекомендоване для використання у холодильному обладнанні з холодоагентом R290. Розглянуто методичні проблеми, пов’язані з експериментальним вивченням молярної маси компресорних мастил. Визначення молярної маси виконано ебуліоскопічним методом. Наведено опис експериментальної установки, що реалізує ебуліоскопічний метод, методика проведення дослідження та результати проведених тарувальних експериментів. Розширена невизначеність отриманих даних не перевищує 5%. Наведено опис експериментальної установки для дослідження  параметрів фазової рівноваги розчинів холодоагенту у компресорному мастилі. Наведено результати експериментального дослідження розчинності холодоагенту R290 в компресорних мастилах ProEco® RF 22S і RENISO SP46 в інтервалі температур від мінус 58 до 62 °С і широкому інтервалі концентрацій холодоагенту. Показано, що холодоагент R290 розчиняється в компресорних мастилах ProEco® RF 22S і RENISO SP46 у всьому інтервалі параметрів стану характерних для роботи холодильного обладнання, в якому застосовується холодоагент R290. З урахуванням отриманих даних компресорні мастила ProEco® RF 22S і RENISO SP46 рекомендовані для застосування в холодильному обладнанні при температурах кипіння вище мінус 30 °С
Аналіз термоакустичних коливань тиску в каналах при кипінні недогрітої рідини
Authors: Бошкова І.Л. , Волгушева Н.В. , Тітлов О.С. , Георгієш К.В. , Іванова Л.В.
Published: November 2020

Важливою особливістю роботи теплообмінників з киплячою рідиною є можливість виникнення в каналах охолодження високочастотних пульсацій тиску (термоакустичні явища). В роботі аналізуються умови виникнення термоакустичних явищ в каналах системи охолодження теплонавантажених пристроїв. Стверджується, що у порівнянні з кипінням з насиченим потоком, кипіння з переохолодженням має більш високу ефективність теплопередачі і кращі характеристики тепловіддавання. Внаслідок високих теплових потоків на поверхні охолодження та при великих недогрівах ядра потоку рідини до температури насичення виникає поверхневе кипіння теплоносія. Визначено, що в таких умовах можливо виникнення високочастотних пульсацій акустичного тиску. Встановлено, що виникнення термоакустичних коливань здатне привести до утворення стоячої хвилі в каналі. Бульбашки киплячої рідини, які розподілені по поверхні труби, можна розглядати в якості гармонійних осциляторів. Представлено математичну модель, що описує генерацію термоакустичних коливань в каналі охолодження. Припущеннями математичної моделі є одномірний рух теплоносія і синусоїдальний закон зміни об’єму парових бульбашок. Вважається, що коливання з високою амплітудою виникають внаслідок резонансу, що спостерігається при збігу частоти вимушених коливань парових бульбашок з власною частотою коливань парорідинного стовпа або їх гармоніками. Розроблена методика розрахунку амплітуди термоакустичних коливань тиску в залежності від щільності теплового потоку. Проведення обчислювального експерименту показало, що без урахування дисипативних явищ визначити значення амплітуди коливань в резонансній області неможливо. Представлена методика пропонується до використання при проектуванні систем рідинного охолодження теплонавантажених приладів, для яких режими охолодження припускають істотний недогрів теплоносія до температури насичення та за умов виникнення поверхневого кипіння
To the Etymology of the Name Vladimir
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Tolstaya Svetlana M.
Published: November 2020

Amongst other ancient Slavic pre-Christian two-part anthroponyms, the name Vladimir (*Voldimirъ) has been a recurrent subject of etymological analysis. However, some aspects of its etymology remain unclear. The article discusses four main issues: 1) the morphology of the first member of the name (is it a noun or a verb stem?); 2) the meaning of the second element of the name (-mirъ as ‘pax’ or ‘mundus’?); 3) the correlation between Old Russian names Volodimirъ and Volodimѣръ; 4) the overall meaning of the compound. The author concludes that the verbal nature of the first component of the name is suggested by the structure of the whole corpus of names ended in -mirъ, generally preceded by a verbal form, either in the imperative or the pure stem variant. Contrary to many researchers, the author believes that -mirъ, as part of personal names, should mean ‘pax’. This is evidenced by the meanings of the verbs preceding this element (‘to want,’ ‘to guard,’ ‘to protect,’ ‘to make,’ ‘to destroy / break / crush,’ etc.), the co-occurrence of the words found in name variants (cf., ‘peace’ and ‘silence’ in *Tixomirъ) and phraseology (cf. ‘to reach peace’ in *Stanimirъ, ‘to conquer peace’ in *Ratimirъ, ‘to break peace’ in *Lomimirъ, *Krušimirъ, *Rъvimirъ). Yet, it is the issue between the final elements -mirъ and -měrъ that remains the most controversial. The majority of scholars agree upon Germanic origins of the element -měrъ or the whole name *Voldiměrъ, however, some opinions about the possible Slavic origin of the ending formant (at least for some names in -měrъ) also persist. The etymology of the name Vladimir and similar two-component names should account for the systemic connections of each component with other lexical units having the same position in the structure of the compound name, the morphology and morphonology of these compounds, the internal syntax of the name, the meaning of each component and of the whole name.
Street Names of Shanghai and Ekaterinburg: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Li Mo , Ryabtseva Ekaterina S. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the findings of a comparative study of street names (hodonyms) in Shanghai and Ekaterinburg in terms of their motivation and historical background. It gives a picture of the main milestones in the history of Shanghai to reveal the general principles of assigning street names: the ancient period associates with natural naming, a particular style of names that modern native speakers regard as classical or “ancient”; the Сoncession Period was marked by a strong European influence in the naming of linear objects; the period after the Xinhai revolution and the period after the formation of the Republic of China are notable by the use of ideological concepts that underlie the naming of city facilities. Based on the semantic classification of hodonyms developed by Yulia A. Kachalkova, the authors distinguish three main groups of street names (memorial, descriptive, and conditionally symbolic), describing features of a specific cultural background behind the formally similar types of names. For instance, the names of mountains inherent in street names in the Chinese culture, besides referring to physical objects, are also symbolic. This brings the authors to identify the street naming patterns that are unique for Russian and Chinese tradition. The hodonymy of Shanghai is peculiar for its appeal to culturally significant texts, the use of fundamental concepts written down in the “old style,” images of mythological animals, whereas in Ekaterinburg a street name typically refers to everyday life and technology. Some examples of structural and semantic differences in the formation of street names are given (namely, the use of syntactically incoherent ideological references in street names of Shanghai at a certain historical stage). It is suggested that some practices of street naming in Shanghai, namely the correlation between the street location and the geographical location of the object it was named by, could be adopted into Russian context.
Researching Internet Nicknames: On the Methodology of Material Selection (Based on German-Language Internet Communication)
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Kaziaba Viktoria V.
Published: November 2020

The paper aims to explore the Internet nickname as a main anthroponymic unit of Internet communication, an integral part of a virtual personality, and an outcome of complex psycholinguistic processes of self-naming. An overview of key studies of this phenomenon leads the author to conclude that it still lacks proper theoretical grounding, which is largely due to its specific properties that impede research. The article focuses on the issues that arise at the stage of material selection. The main points for discussion were suggested both by the analysis of existing research on the topic, as well as empirical data collected during almost ten years of anthroponymic studies of German-language virtual communication. The first issue relates to the necessity of using external sources (users’ personal data, their social media imprint) for reliable analysis and interpretation of nicknames. Thereby, the paper argues the relevance of content and discourse analysis for studying virtual personality, as well as interviewing the users to obtain a comprehensive research file. Since random sampling remains the key method for selecting factual material, the question persists about the sufficient amount of the data. The article highlights the solutions proposed by different researchers and gives sociolinguistic groundings to the minimal number of data that ensures a representative sample of aliases. Finally, the question of the choice of sources is raised. The author concludes that an unconditional trend in anthroponymic research of nicknames is the study of units within one specific Internet service.