bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Penerapan PQ4R Terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013
Authors: Pradana Istiqomah Wahyu , Santosa Slamet , Marjono Marjono
Published: March 2021

- The aim of this research is to know the influence of PQ4R strategy toward biology learning achievement of X degree students at SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban in 2012/ 2013 academic year. This research was quasi experiment research which used posttest only Nonequivalent control group design. This research applyed PQ4R strategy in experimental group and deduktif approach with discussion, classical course and question-answer method in control group. Population’s research is the entire class X at SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban in academic year 2012/2013.  Sampling techniques used cluster sampling. Cluster result has chosen X5 as experiment group and X7 as control group.  Data was collected using  multiple choice test, observation sheet, and document. The data were analyzed by t-test. This research concluded that application of PQ4R strategy has taken good effect toward student’s achievement cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domain in learning biology of SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban.

 

Key Words: PQ4R strategy,  Biology Learning Achievement
Studi Komparasi Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving dengan Group Investigtion disertai Concept Map terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X SMA N 8 Surakarta
Authors: Widyastuti Yayuk , Harlita Harlita , Prayitno Baskoro Adi
Published: March 2021

This research is motivated by teachers who often conveying all course materials so that students become less active because they only served to listen and rarely given the opportunity to ask. A less active role in the learning resulted in student’s understanding of the material tends to show and the student’s achievements at the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor less than optimal. This research is aimed to determine differences of student’s achievements between Problem solving-Concept maps with Group Investigation-Concept map. This research is Quasy Experimental use Post-test Only with Nonequivalent Group Design. All of tenth grade students of SMAN 8 Surakarta are sample population. The sampling technique in this study was cluster sampling with a sample size of 53 students. Data collection using tests and non-test method. Test methods include multiple choice questions while the non-test includes observation and documentation. Based on the t-test, cognitive showed that Sig. (0,755) > 0,05, affective showed that Sig. (0,009) < 0,05, and psychomotor showed that Sig. (0,000) < 0,005. The conclusion of this research is didn’t show any difference in student’s achievements in the cognitive between experimental class 1 and experimental class 2 but showed differences in affective and psychomotor domains.

 

Key Words: Problem Solving Learning Model, Group Investigation Learning Model, Concept Map, Student’s Achievements
Study Komparasi Hasil Belajar Biologi dengan Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) dan Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014
Authors: Nyonita Tyas , Santosa Slamet , Ariyanto Joko
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to find out the difference of Biology learning outcome in the applications of Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) models in the X graders of SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta in the school year of 2013/2014. This study was a quasi experimental research with posttest only with nonequivalent control group design. This study employed Inquiry Based Learning model in the experiment-1 group and Problem Based Learning in the experiment-2 group. The population of research was all of the X MIPA graders of SMA Negeri Surakarta in the school year of 2013/2014. The sampling technique used was cluster sampling one, so that the X MIPA 2 grade was obtained as experiment 1 and X MIPA 5 grade as experiment 2 groups. Techniques of collecting data used were multiple choice test, observation sheet, and school document. The hypothesis testing was conducted using t-test. From the result of research, it could be concluded that there was a difference of biology learning outcome in the applications of Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) models in the X graders of SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta in the school year of 2013/2014.

 

Key Words: Inquiry Based Learning model, Problem Based Learning model, biology learning outcome
Penerapan Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Analitis Siswa Kelas X MIA 6 SMA MTA Surakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014 pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Pramudita Ulya Granit , Probosari Riezky Maya , Widoretno Sri
Published: March 2021

This study was aimed to improve the students’ analytical thinking ability of biology subject in X MIA 6 of SMA  MTA Surakarta academic year 2013/2014 through the implementation of Problem Based Learning.  This research is a class action research which consists of three cycles. Each cycle contains planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The subject of this research is the students in X MIA 6 of SMA  MTA Surakarta academic year 2013/2014. The data colecting techniques of this research are using observation, interview and documentation. The data validation of this research is using triangulation method. The data result of observation, interview and documentation are analyzed by using qualitative analysis which is done in three components, they are: data reduction, data presentation and drawing the conclusion or verification. The research procedure is using spiral method. The results show that students analytical thinking ability is increased in Pre-cycle, Cycle I, Cycle II and Cycle III. The average of students analytical thinking ability increase from 21,45 % to 47,51%. Identifying elements aspect increase from 22, 42% to 53, 33%. Grouping and describing elements in categories aspect increase from 23, 64% to 46, 67%. Describing process aspect increase from 21, 21% to 46, 06%. Interpreting simple series of data aspect increase from 20% to 49,09%. Expressing information in simple tables or graphs aspects increase from 20% to 42,42%.  This research’s conclusion is the implementation of Problem Based Learning can improve analytical thinking ability of the student in X MIA 6 class at SMA SMA  MTA Surakarta.

 

Key Words: problem based learning, analytical thinking
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Logis Siswa Kelas X MIA SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2013/ 2014
Authors: Cahyani Marina Rizki Tri , Dwiastuti Sri , Maridi Maridi
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research was to determine effect of Discovery Learning on student’s logical thinking skills of grade X MIA SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta academic year 2013/2014. The study was a quasi experimental research with a Posttest Only Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population was all students of class X MIA SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta in the school year 2013/2014. The sampling technique was cluster sampling. Data collection techniques using tests and non-test methods. Independent sample t-test was used to test hypothesis. The result of hypothesis testing has a significance of 0.048. The average value of logical thinking test on control class was 4.41 and the experimental class was 5.19. The conclusion was Discovery Learning significant effect on student’s logical thinking skills of grade X MIA SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta academic year 2013/2014.

 

Key Words: Discovery Learning, logical thinking skills, conventional learning
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DIPADU DENGAN MIND MAPPING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS XI MIPA 2 SMA N 6 SURAKARTA SEMESTER 2 TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: Purwati Windy , Santosa Slamet , Rinanto Yudi
Published: March 2021

This research was aimed  to improve cognitive ability of student class  XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta academic year  2014/2015 through the implementation of inquiry learning model that is combined with mind mapping. This research was classroom action  research  that divided  into two cycles. The subject of this research is the student of  XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta academic year  2014/2015. The method of data collection through tes, observation, interviews, and documentation. The data is analyzed with descriptive analytical technique and validated by triangulation  technique.The result show that student cognitive ability is increased  in pre-cycle, cycle I, cycle II. The average of students cognitive ability increase from  pre-cycle  35,01 % to 55,21 %  at cycle I, and 78,02 % at cycle II. Remembering aspect  increase from 40,40 %  to 88,88 %. Understanding aspect increase from 37,87 %  to 82,31 %. Applying aspect increase from 46,46% to 82,82 %. Analyzing aspect increase from 29,29 % to 73,73 %. Evaluating aspect increase from 26,76 % to 71,20 %. Creating aspect increase from 29,29 % to 69,18 %. This research’s conclutions is the implementation of inquiry learning model that combined with mind mapping can improve cognitive ability of the student class XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta.

 

Keywords : Inquiry, Mind Mapping, Cognitive Ability
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RASA INGIN TAHU (CURIOSITY) SISWA KELAS X MIPA 2 SMA NEGERI 6 SURAKARTA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Latiifani Choirunnisa , Rinanto Yudi , Marjono Marjono
Published: March 2021

The research aimed to enhance student curiosity by implementation of guided inquiry learning model at grade X MIPA 2 SMA N 6 Surakarta academic year 2015/2016 amount of 30 student comprise of 18 male and 12 female. This research was a Classroom Action Research that performed within 3 cycles. Each cycle consisted of 4 steps; planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were obtained by observation, test, interview, and documentation. Student’s curiosity assessed by observation and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive technique. The result showed that the student’s curiosity were increased in precycle, cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III. Student who actively ask increased from 15,33 % to 54 %. Student who paid attention to do experiment increased from 40,67 % to 80,67 %. Student who interested to do experiment increased from 24,00 % to 60 %, and student who made a note and summarized increased from 37,33 % to 54 %. Conclusion of the research is that implementation of Guided Inquiry Learning Model can enhance curiosity of student in X MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 6 Surakarta academic year 2015/2016.

 

Keywords: Curiosity, Guided Inquiry Learning
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA MATERI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X MIA 3 SMA NEGERI 2 SUKOHARJO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Noma Luciana Dwi , Prayitno Baskoro Adi , Suwarno Suwarno
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to improve the high-order thinking ability of students by applying PBL model in Environment Pollution Material in10th MIA 3 graders of SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo in the school year of 2015/2016. This study was a classroom, action research use the procedure of research employed Kemmis and Mc.Taggart’s (2005) conducted in 2 cycles, from April to May 2016. Each cycle consisted of 4 stages: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Subject of research was the in10th MIA 3 graders of SMA Negeri 2 Sukoharjo in the school year of 2015/2016 consisting of 31 students (18 female and 13 male students). Data of research was obtained using essay test on the high-order thinking ability, interview, observation sheet on the implementation of PBL syntax, observation sheet on affective and psychomotor aspects of students. Essay test of high-order thinking ability includes indicators: analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6) based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis technique. Data validation was carried out using triangulation technique. The target of research was the improvement of students’ high-order thinking ability in every aspect of ≥ 23% from based line to the end of research cycle. The result of research showed that the application of PBL model in environment pollution material could improve the high-order thinking ability of students including analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6) aspects consistent with the target of research, by ≥23% from based line to the end of research cycle. The increase of percentage gain in each aspect of high-order thinking ability from precycle to cycle II was as follows: 1) the analyzing aspect increased by 25.16%, 2) the evaluating aspect increased by 26.66%, and 3) the creating aspect increased by 23.95%.

 

Keywords : Problem Based Learning, high-order thinking, environment pollution.
PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN BERTANYA MELALUI INKUIRI TERBIMBING SISWA KELAS X MIA 6 SMA NEGERI 1 KARANGANYAR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Kusumawardani Wahyu , Maridi Maridi , Muzzayyinah Muzzayyinah
Published: March 2021

The research aims to apply the guided inquiry model to improve questioning activity in the learning material “Animalia” in class X Science 6 of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in 2015/2016 academic year. The research was a classroom action research which was done in three cycles covering planning, action, observation, and reflection stage. The learning model applied was guided inquiry model including six stages, they are: observe, formulate inquiry question, develop hypothesis, design and conduct investigation, analyze data, and arguing. Subject of the research was 40 students of X Science 6 of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in 2015/2016 academic year. The data of the research was gained by doing observation, interview, and documentation. The writer analyzed the data using descriptive qualitative analyzing technique. The result shows that applying guided inquiry model improve the score of questioning activity in the learning material “Animalia” of X Science 6 students of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in 2015/2016 academic year. The improvement of students’ questioning activity is showed from the improving score of students’ questioning activity score to teacher, to students, and in wrtitten from pre cycle stage until cycle 3. The score of questioning activity from students to teacher improves from 7,5% or 3 students in pre cycle to 40% or 16 students in cycle 1, 50% or 20 students in cycle 2 and 55% or 22 student in cycle 3. The score of questioning activity from students to student improves from 0% or 0 students in pre cycle to 80% or 32 students in cycle 1, 95% or 38 students in cycle 2 and cycle 3.The score of questioning activity from students in written improves from 0% or 0 students in pre cycle to 37,5% or 15 students in cycle 1, 45% or 18 students in cycle 2 and 52,5% or 21 student in cycle 3. Data improvement of each aspect of students’ questioning activity from pre cycle until cycle 3 has reached the research target (≥50%). Based on the result, it can be concluded that guided inquiry model improves questioning activity in learning material “Animalia” of class X Science 6 of SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar in 2015/2016 academic year.

 

Keywords: questioning activity, guided inquiry
Pengembangan Modul IPA Berbasis Creative Problem Solving (CPS) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa
Authors: Swestyani Sondra , Masyuri Mohammad , Prayitno Baskoro Adi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan sumber daya manusia yang mampu berpikir kreatif untuk memecahkan masalah. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasinya adalah mengoptimalkan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif pada siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dan efektifitas modul IPA berbasis Creatif Problem Solving (CPS) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Research and Development. Pengembangan modul menggunakan model four-d mengacu pada model Borg & Gall, meliputi tahap define, design, development,dan disseminate. Modul dikembangkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Creatif Problem Solving (CPS), meliputi tahap objective finding, fact finding, problem finding, idea finding, solution finding, dan acceptance finding. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan soal tes open-ended. Pengujian menggunakan metode eksperimen pretest postest control group design yang melibatkan 30 siswa kelas VII untuk setiap grup. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk menganalisis kelayakan modul dan t-test untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelayakan modul hasil pengembangan adalah sangat baik berdasarkan penilaian ahli, praktisi, dan teman sejawat. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest pada kemampuan berpikir kreatif yaitu 0,000. Hasil n-gain kemampuan berpikir kreatif pada kelas eksperimen adalah 0,368 (sedang), n-gain kemampuan berpikir kreatif pada kelas kontrol adalah 0,150 (rendah). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa modul IPA berbasis Creatif Problem Solving (CPS) memiliki efektifitas tinggi dan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa serta layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran
Memperbaiki Kemampuan Argumentasi Siswa Kelas XI melalui Teknik Bertanya Guru dan Argumentative Assessment
Authors: Kristianti Tirsa Putri
Published: March 2021

Abstrak. Argumentasi merupakan tujuan utama dari pendidikan sains karena dapat melibatkan siswa dalam praktik sains yang kompleks di mana siswa menggagas dan menjustifikasi klaim pengetahuan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kemampuan argumentasi siswa kelas XI setelah penerapan teknik bertanya guru dan argumentative assessment. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga siklus dengan teknik teknik bertanya guru dan argumentative assessment. Subjek penelitian adalah kelas XI MIPA berjumlah 36 siswa yang dipilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Siswa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, Low achievement dan High achievement berdasarkan hasil belajar tengah semester. Data yang dianalisis adalah pertanyaan yang disampaikan guru kepada siswa, respon siswa terhadap pertanyaan guru dan hasil jawaban siswa terhadap argumentative assessment yang diberikan guru. Analisis data menggunakan rubrik penilaian level argumentasi yang dikembangkan oleh Osborne, Erduran, & Simon dan modifikasi peneliti dengan skoring level argumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan dan peningkatan kemampuan argumentasi siswa setalah diterapkan teknik bertanya guru dan argumentative assessment. Perubahan yang ditunjukkan adalah siswa mampu mengemukakan evidence dan reasoning. Siswa yang termasuk dalam Low achievement dan High achievement mengalami perubahan dalam berargumentasi.
Pengaruh penggunaan pupuk daun “Organik” terhadap produktivitas dan kualitas rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum CV. Hawai) sebagai hijauan pakan
Authors: Muwakhid Badat , Ali Usman
Published: March 2021

Objective: Elephant grass is a forage that is commonly used as feed. The growth of elephant grass can be supported by applying appropriate fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate level of "organic" leaf fertilizer to obtain maximum production and quality.

Methods: Field experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 replication was used in this study. The treatments were P0 (control), P1 (5% "organic" leaf fertilizer), P2 (10% "organic" leaf fertilizer), and P3 (15% "organic" leaf fertilizer).

Results: The results of this study indicate that the treatment of different doses of "organic" leaf fertilizer had significant effect (P <0.01) on forage quality (dry matter, organic matter, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract content) and also fresh, dry matter, and organic matter production of elephant grass. The treatment also had a significant effect (P <0.05) on crude protein levels and production of elephant grass.

Conclusions: Based on this study, the dosage of 15% “organic” foliar fertilizer showed the best results on increasing the quantity and quality of Pennisetum purpureum.
Presentación Chihuahua Hoy 2019
Authors: Orozco Víctor
Published: March 2021

Con esta edición llegamos al volumen diecisiete de esta obra colectiva anual. En estas casi dos décadas desde que comenzaron los trabajos del seminario permanente Chihuahua Hoy, Visiones de su Historia, Economía, Política y Cultura, han desfilado ensayos sobre temáticas muy variadas.
Innovación de la educación superior en el estado de Chihuahua
Authors: Almeida Uranga Ricardo
Published: March 2021

Se presenta la implementación del proyecto de investigación titulado Sistematización de Experiencias Educativas en Comunidades de Práctica Innovadoras de la Red de Comunidades para la Renovación de la Enseñanza-Aprendizaje en Educación Superior de la Región Noroeste que se realizó en la clase de Filosofía de la Educación de la Licenciatura en Educación en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez durante dos ciclos escolares en 2018. Se logró modificar el modelo de enseñanza de la clase y se instrumentó en particular una secuencia didáctica para propiciar el desarrollo de las competencias de análisis, crítica y propuesta de una política pública del sector educativo en México a partir de diferentes perspectivas filosóficas.
Irrupción de la lengua y población tarahumara en Chihuahua. Conjeturas interdisciplinares
Authors: Rodriguez Lopez Abel
Published: March 2021

Este artículo intenta responder a la pregunta sobre ¿dónde pudo haberse originado la lengua rarámuri y desde cuándo, los también conocidos como tarahumaras, son pobladores del actual estado de Chihuahua? Para ello, el autor conjunta y explora los datos proporcionados por diferentes disciplinas antropológicas e históricas, así como la etnografía. De este modo, enmarcado teóricamente en el concepto de intuición informada, conjetura y concluye que al menos debemos pensar en 3000 años para hablar de población prototarahumara muy al norte chihuahuense, y cuya lengua debió desarrollarse y permanecer bastante estable hasta al menos a principios del siglo XIX en la sierra que hoy habita la mayoría de ellos.
José Inés Salazar, una vida en la frontera durante la Revolución Mexicana
Authors: Siller Pedro
Published: March 2021

La historia de la revolución mexicana en el norte de México ha estado enfocada, quizá de manera muy acentuada, en unos cuantos nombres como el de Villa, Pascual Orozco, los Flores Magón; y otros, como José Ynés Salazar, han sido poco estudiados. Al hacerlo, se revela un mundo rebelde mucho más complejo, con raíces profundas en la historia fronteriza, que merece atención para comprender el fenómeno de la rebelión y la violencia norteña, incluso en su final.
Elites políticas en el ámbito local: un estudio exploratorio de las regidurías de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 2010-2013
Authors: Álvarez Olivas Iván Roberto , Sarabia Rios Cecilia
Published: March 2021

Este apartado presenta una exploración sobre los regidores de Ciudad Juárez durante el periodo de gobierno del año 2010 al 2013, presenta algunos de los rasgos demográficos y familiares, de su percepción sobre la democracia, del sistema de partidos y de la corrupción. La investigación es de corte empírico descriptivo y se realiza a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario personalizado a una muestra del cuarenta y cuatro por ciento de los actores de la elite política. Los resultados dan cuenta de la existencia de enclaves autoritarios en las esferas locales y del distanciamiento entre el gobierno y la sociedad.
Propuesta feminista para acceder al derecho al nombre en Chihuahua
Authors: Orozco López Gabriela
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se proponen acciones para que la mujer participe en la conformación del nombre familiar, en los actos de registro de nacimiento y el reconocimiento de hijos e hijas, previendo el acuerdo de los progenitores respecto a la prelación de los apellidos que corresponderán al hijo. Se abordan los prejuicios en contra de la mujer y el hijo de la madre soltera, como interferencia para que la mujer acceda al derecho al nombre. La responsabilidad que deriva del acceso al nombre es esencial para fomentar las prácticas de paridad de género.
Edificios de educación en Ciudad Juárez 1940-1950. Respuesta a la Modernización de la infraestructura educativa
Authors: Hernandez Perez Judith Gabriela , Rivero Peña Hector
Published: March 2021

Este escrito está enfocado en entender y reconocer la importancia de la construcción de las edificaciones educativas en Ciudad Juárez, en el periodo de 1940-1950, enmarcadas en la implementación de los programas institucionales y la influencia del movimiento moderno en la arquitectura. En ese preciso momento los ingenieros agrónomos tuvieron mucha relevancia en la construcción física de la ciudad y los primeros arquitectos se establecen en Ciudad Juárez. De esta manera, se analizan dos de las escuelas primarias existentes dentro de Ciudad Juárez edificadas en este periodo de estudio, situándolas contextual e históricamente como parte del proyecto de planeación nacional.
100 DAYS OF COVID-19: RISK FACTORS AND CONFIRMED CASES IN 19 AFRICAN COUNTRIES.
Authors: Shallie Philemon , Haffejee Firoza
Published: March 2021

Background: The trail of the transmission of COVID-19 in Africa needs to be understood and conceptualized. With the limited response time to curb the transmission, the pandemic is already in 52 countries in Africa. There is much anxiety about the devastating potential of this scourge in Africa, justifiably so because of the weak health systems, high levels of poverty, and overcrowded cities. Therefore, this report examined the association between the confirmed cases at 100 days of COVID-19 and some significant risk factors in 19 African countries that had at least 100 confirmed cases as of 09 April 2020. Materials and Methods: We evaluated four major risk factors associated with COVID-19 confirmed cases in 19 African counties with over 100 cases in 100 days after the official declaration of COVID-19 by WHO. Results: Three of the four risk factors (total population in urban areas, population age, and international exposure) correlated positively with the number of COVID-19 cases. In contrast, one (public health system) correlated negatively with the number of confirmed cases in the countries under study. International exposure was initially the main transmitter of the infection, but community transmission now becomes the driver of COVID-19 infections on the continent. Conclusion: Identification of confirmed cases, quick contact tracing with self-isolation, community engagement, and health systems measures are all-necessary to prevent the potentially harmful ramifications of an epidemic on the continent. There is, therefore, the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach between the government and society.
Perú y los indicadores económico-sociales y su relación con la marca país
Authors: Barrientos-Felipa Pedro
Published: March 2021

Rev.esc.adm.neg

La competencia entre países se ha intensificado, motivo por el cual promocionan intensamente la marca país para lograr una mejor posición. A fin de medir su efectividad se consideran indicadores económicos y sociales que permiten conocer los países posicionados, así como aquellos que buscan un lugar preferencial en el comercio internacional. Los indicadores incluyen mediciones del riesgo, la prosperidad y el bienestar de un país, entre otros, que son factores influyentes en el propósito de establecer una marca país. La investigación es de carácter cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo y de diseño no experimental transversal. Se entrevistó con un cuestionario no estructurado a una experta en el tema. Los objetivos del artículo son: a) reconocer la influencia de la marca en la competencia internacional entre países; b) identificar por qué un país debe tener marca y saber administrarla; y c) conocer los factores que permiten generar una marca país. El análisis permite concluir que los países pueden buscar soluciones iniciales si comienzan a preguntarse cómo los países desarrollados, que tienen un posicionamiento internacional, lo lograron; siempre teniendo en cuenta la importancia de emprender cambios estructurales medibles, pues se debe reconocer que este proceso va más allá de la actividad comercial y que tiene como soporte el desarrollo de los sistemas educativo, sanitario y judicial, entre otros, elementos que agregan valor a la imagen del país.
Mafic Archean continental crust prohibited exhumation of orogenic UHP eclogite
Authors: Palin Richard , Moore James , Zhang Zeming , Huang Guangyu
Published: March 2021

The absence of ultrahigh pressure (UHP) orogenic eclogite in the geological record older than c. 0.6 Ga is problematic for evidence of subduction having begun on Earth during the Archean (4.0–2.5 Ga). Many eclogites in Phanerozoic and Proterozoic terranes occur as mafic boudins encased within low-density felsic crust, which provides positive buoyancy during subduction; however, recent geochemical proxy analysis shows that Archean continental crust was more mafic than previously thought. Here, we show via petrological modelling that secular change in the composition of upper continental crust (UCC) would make Archean continental terranes negatively buoyant in the mantle before reaching UHP conditions. Subducted or delaminated Archean continental crust passes a point of no return during metamorphism in the mantle prior to the stabilization of coesite, while Proterozoic and Phanerozoic terranes remain positively buoyant at these depths. UHP orogenic eclogite may thus readily have formed on the Archean Earth, but could not have been exhumed, weakening arguments for a Neoproterozoic onset of subduction and plate tectonics. Further, isostatic balance calculations for more mafic Archean continents indicate that the early Earth was covered by a global ocean over 1 kilometre deep.
Implementation of Targeted Screening for Poverty in a Large Primary Care Team in Toronto, Canada: a feasibility study
Authors: Wintemute Kimberly , Noor Meh , Bhatt Aashka , Bloch Gary , Arackal Suja , Kalia Sumeet , Aliarzadeh Babak , Tona Sabrina La , Lo Joyce , Pinto Andrew , Greiver Michelle
Published: March 2021

Background Poverty has a significant influence on health. Efforts to optimize income and reduce poverty could make a difference to the lives of patients and their families. Routine screening for poverty in primary care is an important first step but rarely occurs in Canada. We aimed to implement a targeted screening and referral process in a large, distributed primary care team in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Methods This implementation evaluation was conducted with a large community-based primary care team in north Toronto. The primary care team serves relatively wealthy neighborhoods that contain pockets of poverty. Physicians were invited to participate. We implemented targeted screening by combining census information on neighborhood-level deprivation with postal codes in patient records. For physicians agreeing to participate, we added prompts to screen for poverty to the charts of adult patients living in the most deprived areas. Standardized electronic medical record templates recommended a referral to a team case worker for income optimization, for those patients screening positive. We recorded the number and percentages of participants at each stage, from screening to receiving advice on income optimization. Results The primary care team included 86 physicians distributed across 19 clinical locations. Thirty-four physicians (39%) participated. Their practices provided care for 27,290 patients aged 18 or older; 852 patients (3%) were found to be living in the most deprived neighborhoods. 509 (60%) had at least one office visit over the 6 months of follow up, and 128 (25%) of those seen were screened. Only 25 (20%) of these patients screened positive for poverty, and 13 (52%) were referred. Eight patients (62% of those referred) were ultimately seen by a caseworker for income optimization.Discussion & Conclusions We implemented a targeted poverty screening program combined with resources to optimize income for patients in a large, distributed community-based primary care team. However, only a small number of patients were identified and linked to the intervention Further efforts to scale and spread screening and mitigation of poverty are warranted; these should include broadening the targeted population beyond those living in the most deprived areas.
Low Cost Non-İnvasive Portable Monitor Platform for Cardiac Biopotential and Transthoracic Impedance Measurements
Authors: Köksal Oya , Haberal Erdem
Published: March 2021

Purpose Simultaneous monitoring of ECG and thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) is important in evaluating cardiovascular performance. TEB is a non-invasive technique based on measuring the impedance value that changes in the chest area depending on the heartbeat. Within the framework of this study, it can be used in home monitoring and biotelemetry applications to measure thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB), ECG and ICG. Methods Within the scope of this study, a four-electrode TEB measurement system was designed and built using the Raspberry Pi single board computer and its original monitor, ESP32 and EVAL-ADAS1000SDZ evaluation board. With the designed system, ECG and thoracic impedance measurements at 50 kHz current frequency were taken as real-time over a single channel. Delta_Z and ICG signals were created from thoracic impedance values with the developed software.ResultsWhile the thoracic impedance value varies between 15-45 Ω, the 67 thoracic impedance value measured with the designed system is approximately 1000 times the 68 reference value. The impedance change in the thoracic region was measured with the designed 69 system between 0.1-0.2 Ω values, and the compatibility of these values with reference values was 70 determined. While the reference value of the dZ / dt signal is 0.8 - 3.5 Ω / s, this value is between 2.3 - 71 5.3 Ω / s in the measurements taken with the designed system.Conclusion The prototype is achieved in detecting small changes in the thoracic impedance signal. The prototype is cheap, portable, small-sized and medically safe, so it is suitable for home care services and clinics. In addition, the developed system can be adapted to wearable technology. In order to increase the success of the system, the impedances values added to the thoracic impedance value should be determined and a calibration procedure should be established.
Factors associated with maternal overall Quality of Life six months postpartum
Authors: Valla Lisbeth , Helseth Sølvi , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Misvær Nina , Andenæs Randi
Published: March 2021

Background: Having good Quality of Life (QoL) is essential, particularly for women after childbirth. However, little is known about the factors associated with maternal QoL after giving birth. We aimed to investigate the relationship between characteristics of the mother (socio-demographic variables), selected symptoms (depression and joy/anger), health perception (perception of birth) and possible characteristics of the environment (infant temperament, colic, sleep, parental relationship), with mothers’ overall quality of life when the child is six months of age.Methods: This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health from June 1999 to December 2008, which included a total of 86,724 children. Maternal QoL was assessed by the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Joy and anger were measured using the Differential Emotional Scale, mothers’ mental health was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and satisfaction with relationship was measured using the Relationship Satisfaction Scale. Child temperament was measured using the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire and colic, sleep duration and feelings related to childbirth were assessed by mothers’ reports. The associations between life satisfaction and selected variables were analysed using stepwise multiple linear regression models.Results: Maternal feelings of joy of having a baby (B=0.35, CI [0.79 to 0.83]), high relationship satisfaction (B= 0.02, CI [0.28 to 0.60]), as well as having a baby with normal sleep (B=0.32, CI [0.21 to 0.22]), are factors associated with higher maternal overall QoL. Postnatal depression was negatively associated with mothers’ QoL, and infant colic or child’s temperament (fussiness) showed no such association with mothers’ QoL.Conclusions: Health professionals and clinicians should focus on these issues when they develop health interventions or provide counselling to new mothers and their families.
Cognitive Functioning and its Associated Factors among Breast Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abebe Edgeit , Tollesa Tesfaye , Assefa Mathewos , Tilahun Zelalem , Dinku Yohannes , Abebaw Sofonyas , Mamuye Melkalem
Published: March 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in the world. It is the commonest type of cancer in Ethiopia. Cognitive problems are common among breast cancer patients especially if they are treated with chemotherapy. The study aimed to assess cognitive functioning and its associated factors among breast cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia 2020.Methods: Institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. Study subjects were 117 breast cancer patients on chemotherapy and 117 women without breast cancer who volunteered for the study. Data was collected from May - June 2020. The Mini-mental status exam was used to assess cognitive functioning. Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.6.0.2 and analyzed using STATA software version 14. Univariable and multivariable linear regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with cognitive functioning. A two-tailed p-value lower than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Results: Significant difference in the MMSE score was observed among breast cancer patients and controls (19.76 ±5.29, 25.18±4.68 p< 0.0001) respectively. In multivariable linear regression analysis being non-breast cancer (controls) (std.β 3.34, 95% CI [1.92 4.76] p<0.001), hemoglobin gm/dl (std. β 0.34, 95 % CI [0.04 0.63] p=0.02), and primary education (Adj. β 2.98 95 %CI [1.16 4.96] p=0.001) secondary level and more education (std. β 5.47, 95 %CI [3.51 7.28] p<0.001) were significantly associated with MMSE cognitive score. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients had lower mean MMSE scores when compared to non-breast cancer controls. Hemoglobin level, breast cancer status, and educational level are significant predictors of the MMSE cognitive score. Clinicians should incorporate routine screening of cognitive functioning for breast cancer patients and further study is required to evaluate cognitive impairment among breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.
Prosets: making continued use of fossil fuels compatible with a credible transition to net zero
Authors: Mitchell-Larson Eli , Allen Myles
Published: March 2021

Interest in carbon offsetting is resurging among companies and institutions, but existing offerings fail to make continued use of fossil fuels compatible with a credible transition to sustainable net zero emissions. A clear definition of what makes an offset net-zero-compliant is needed. We introduce the ‘proset’, a new form of composite offset in which the fraction of carbon allocated to geological-timescale storage options increases progressively, reaching 100% by the target net zero date, generating predictable demand for effectively permanent CO2 storage while making the most of the near-term opportunities provided by nature-based climate solutions, all at an affordable cost to the offset purchaser.
structural characterization and dielectric properties of the effect of carbon nanotubes and silicon on AA2024 Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Mani Muniyappan , Natesan Iyandurai
Published: March 2021

This research work focuses on the formation of AA2024-carbon nanotubes-silicon hybrid metal matrix composites. Structure morphology, structural characterization, elemental identification and dielectric properties of AA 2024 in the presence of carbon nanotubes, silicon and its combinations at various proportions were evaluated using SEM, XRD, EDX and Hioki 3532-50 LCR Hi-Tester. A two-stage stir casting method was used for the fabrication of AA2024 hybrid metal matrix composites. It was observed that the size of the AA 2024 + 4% CNT + 2% Si composite was found to be 23.6 nm, this shows enhanced results than other composites prepared. Dielectric properties of composites were characterized as a function of composition and frequency. It was found that the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dissipation factor decreases smoothly with an increase of reinforcements and also frequency.
Method for clustering and identification of objects in laser scanning point clouds using dynamic logic
Authors: Milanov Yevgeny , Badenko Vladimir , Yadykin Vladimir , Perlovsky Leonid
Published: March 2021

Today there is a gap between a presence of various new equipment on the market which provides streams of various digital data about the environment, in particular in the form of laser scanning point clouds, and the lack of adequate efficient methods and software for information extraction from such data. A solution to the problem of bridging this gap is proposed on the basis of neural modeling field theory and dynamic logic (DL). We present a DL-based method of extracting and analyzing information from hybrid point clouds, which include not only spatial coordinates and intensity, but also the color of each point, and can be from multiple sources including terrestrial, mobile and airborne laser scanning data. The proposed method is significant for creating a fundamental theoretical basis for new application algorithms and software for many new applications, including building information modeling, “smart city” environment, etc. The proposed method is fairly new to solving various problems related to extracting semantically rich information from a nontraditional type of digital data, especially hybrid point clouds created from laser scanning. This method will allow to significantly expand the existing boundaries of knowledge in the field of extraction and analysis of information from various digital data, because neural modeling field theory and DL can improve the performance of relevant calculations and close the existing gap in analysis of digital images.
Heavy Metals in Liver, Kidney, Brain and Muscle: Health Risk Assessment for Consumption of Edible parts of Birds from the Chahnimeh Reservoirs Sistan (Iran)
Authors: Behrooz Reza Dahmardeh , Burger Joanna
Published: March 2021

The concentrations of four heavy metals zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) were determined in liver, kidney, muscle and brain of nine species of birds from the Chahmimeh Sistan from Iran, to assess metal levels and the potential risk to birds, and to the people who eat them. Significantly higher levels of all metals were found in the brain of waterfowl than in the tissues of other birds. There were no significant gender differences in heavy metals in all tissue. Levels of Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn in the liver and kidney varied as a function of feeding habitats; the median levels were significantly higher in invertebrate predators than fish predators and omnivorous species. Short distance migrating birds had significantly higher median levels of heavy metals in liver and kidney than long distance migrant birds. Ni levels in liver and kidney tissues in 56% of birds were higher than the critical thresholds levels for effects in birds. Our data indicate that environmental exposure to metals were higher in the wintering populations of birds in the Chahnimeh of Sistan from Iran. Concentration Zn, Pb and Cd in a small percentage of birds, and 56% nickel level in liver and 56% kidney concentrations in birds, were above toxicity levels. Determining the exposure frequency and daily intake of birds, the Hazard Quotient for edible tissues (kidney, Liver and muscle) of these birds showed that their consumption provides a health risk to people consuming them.
Signatures of selection and genomic diversity of Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) from two populations in North America.
Authors: Chinchilla-Vargas Josue , Meerbeek Jonathan R. , Rothschild Max F. , Bertolini Francesca
Published: March 2021

Background Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is the largest and most prized game fish for anglers in North America. However, little is known about Muskellunge genetic diversity in Iowa’s propagation program. We used whole genome sequence from 12 brooding individuals from Iowa and publicly available RAD-seq of 625 individuals from Saint-Lawrence river in Canada to study the genetic differences between populations, analyze signatures of selection that might shed light on environmental adaptations, and evaluate the levels of genetic diversity in both populations. Given that there is no reference genome available for Muskellunge, reads were aligned to the genome of Pike (Esox lucius), a closely-related species.Results Variant calling produced 7,886,471 biallelic variants for the Iowa population and 16,867 high-quality SNPs that overlap with the Canadian samples. The Ti/Tv values were 1.09 and 1.29 for samples from Iowa and Canada, respectively. PCA and Admixture analyses showed a large genetic difference between Canadian and Iowan populations. Moreover, PCA showed clustering by sex in the Iowan population although widow-based Fst did not find outlier regions. Window-based pooled heterozygosity found 6 highly heterozygous windows containing 244 genes in the Iowa population and Fst comparing the Iowa and Canadian populations found 14 windows with Fst values larger than 0.9 containing 641 genes. One enriched GO term (sensory perception of pain) was found through pooled heterozygosity analyzes. Although not significant, several enriched GO terms associated to growth and development were found through Fst analyses.Inbreeding calculated as Froh was 0.03 on average for the Iowa population and 0.32 on average for the Canadian samples. The Canadian inbreeding rate appears to be higher, presumably due to isolation of subpopulations, than the inbreeding rate of the Iowa population.Conclusions This study was the first to document that brood stock Muskellunge from Iowa showed marked genetic differences with the Canadian population. Additionally, despite genetic differentiation based on sex has been observed, no major locus has been detected. Inbreeding does not seem to be an immediate concern for Muskellunge in Iowa, but apparent isolation of subpopulations has caused levels of homozygosity to increase in the Canadian Muskellunge population. Finally, these results prove the validity of using genomes of closely related species to perform genomic analyses when no reference genome assembly is available.