bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Fibrate use with clinical expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Kim Bongseong , Jung Jin‐Hyung , Rhee Tae‐Min , Lee Hyun Jung , Lee Hee‐Sun , Park Jun‐Bean , Kim Yong‐Jin , Han Kyungdo , Kim Hyung‐Kwan
Published: July 2024

Aims

An association between obesity, metabolic abnormalities and clinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) expression has been reported. We investigated whether managing dyslipidaemia with fibrates could affect the clinical expression of HCM.

Methods

We screened patients who used fibrates between 2010 and 2017 from a nationwide database. After excluding patients with a history of HCM, we identified fibrate‐user group (n = 412 823). We then constructed a 1:1 matched cohort of fibrate‐naïve participants (n = 412 823). After a 1 year lag period, we identified the incident HCM cases for the following 5 years.

Results

During a median follow‐up period of 3.96 years, we identified 454 incident clinical HCM cases. After adjusting for covariates, fibrate use was associated with a lower risk of clinical HCM expression [hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.763 (0.630–0.924)]. In subgroup analyses, fibrate use was associated with a reduced risk of clinical HCM expression in patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and those with abdominal obesity [HR (95% CI): 0.719 (0.553–0.934) and 0.655 (0.492–0.872)], but not in those without obesity. Fibrate use was also associated with lower risks of incident clinical HCM in patients with triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL and those with metabolic syndrome [HR (95% CI): 0.741 (0.591–0.929) and 0.750 (0.609–0.923)], but not in their counterparts. Regarding lifestyle behaviours, fibrate use appeared to provide more prognostic benefits in patients who currently smoked, consumed alcohol or did not engage in regular physical activities.

Conclusion

The use of fibrates is associated with a lower incidence of clinical HCM expression. This association was also more prominent in those with obesity, unhealthy metabolic profiles and poor lifestyle behaviours.
Efficacy and safety of hypertonic saline therapy in ambulatory patients with heart failure: The SALT‐HF trial
Authors: Cobo Marcos Marta , de la Espriella Rafael , Comín‐Colet Josep , Zegrí‐Reiriz Isabel , Rubio Gracia Jorge , Morales‐Rull Jose Luis , Llàcer Pau , Díez‐Villanueva Pablo , Jiménez‐Marrero Santiago , de Juan Bagudá Javier , Ortiz Cortés Carolina , Restrepo‐Córdoba Maria Alejandra , Goirigolzarri‐Artaza Josebe , García‐Pinilla Jose Manuel , Barrios Elvira , del Prado Díaz Susana , Montero Hernández Esther , Sanchez‐Marteles Marta , Núñez Julio
Published: July 2024

Aims

Combination of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) with intravenous loop diuretics has been suggested to improve diuretic response in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). The efficacy and safety of this approach in the ambulatory setting remain unexplored.

Methods and results

In this multicentre, double‐blind, randomized study, we allocated ambulatory patients with worsening heart failure (WHF) to a 1‐h infusion of intravenous furosemide (ivFurosemide)‐HSS versus ivFurosemide. The primary endpoint was the volume of diuresis at 3 h. Secondary endpoints included 3‐h natriuresis and weight variation, 7‐day congestion data, kidney function and electrolytes, and 30‐day clinical events. Overall, 167 participants (median age: 81 years, 30.5% female) were randomized across 13 sites between December 2020 and March 2023. There were no differences in 3‐h diuresis between treatments (ivFurosemide‐HSS: 1099 ml vs. ivFurosemide: 1103 ml, p = 0.963), 3‐h natriuresis (∆ +2.642 mEq/L, p = 0.559), or 3‐h weight (∆ +0.012 kg, p = 0.920). Patients in the ivFurosemide‐HSS arm experienced significant weight decrease at 7 days (Δ −0.586 kg, p = 0.048). There were no between‐treatment differences in clinical congestion score, biomarkers, inferior vena cava diameter, or the presence of lung ultrasound B‐lines. At 30 days, 26.5% of the patients in the ivFurosemide‐HSS group versus 33.3% in the ivFurosemide group experienced WHF (hazard ratio 0.76, p = 0.330). The incidence of death from any cause or HF hospitalization was 6% of patients in the ivFurosemide‐HSS group and 8.3% of patients in the ivFurosemide group (hazard ratio 0.69, p = 0.521). The incidence of worsening kidney function or metabolic derangements was not significantly different in the two arms.

Conclusions

A single infusion of ivFurosemide‐HSS did not improve 3‐h diuresis or congestion parameters in patients with ambulatory WHF. This therapy showed an appropriate safety profile.
Potassium by Thallium Substitution: Symmetry Transformation Through Site Competition in Coordination Compounds
Authors: Chausov Feodor F. , Somov Nikolay V. , Kazantseva Irina S. , Rybin Dmitriy S.
Published: July 2024

The study focused on the nitrilo‐tris‐(methylene phosphonate) [K2ntpH4]2 and [(K1−yTly)2ntpH4]2 complexes, which are a series of isovalent substitutions. The crystals of [K2ntpH4]2 are monoclinic and belong to the space group of symmetry P21/c with Z=4. When thallium substitutes potassium, the molecular structure remains the same, but the symmetry of the crystal packing changes to a triclinic system, space group of symmetry P
, with Z=2. One coordination polyhedra maintains an isometric configuration, while the other undergoes significant distortions. Polarization‐selective coordination is observed, where the thallium(I) ion, which is easily polarizable, populates the highly distorted polyhedron. The low polarizable potassium ion populates the weakly distorted one. The crystal is formed with an average thallium fraction higher than the initial aqueous solution. This suggests that replacing potassium ions in the complex with thallium ions is energetically favourable. It could explain why thallium is toxic to intracellular enzymes and carriers of genetic information. The isovalent substitution of potassium made it possible to observe the step‐by‐step formation of a super‐strong hydrogen bond, a phenomenon that is rarely detected under normal conditions. The O…O interatomic distance in the hydrogen bond decreases gradually from 2.55 Å for [K2ntpH4]2 to 2.474 Å for [Tl2ntpH4]2.
Phase Transition of a Chiral Lead‐Free Hybrid Antimony(III) Halide Crystal
Authors: Qi Jun‐Chao , Xia Zhang‐Tian , Shen Xin , Peng Hang , Chen Hui‐Ping , Bai Yong‐Ju , Liao Wei‐Qiang
Published: July 2024

Chiral organic–inorganic hybrid lead halides have recently attracted great attention due to their unique chirality and diverse functional properties. However, they suffer from highly toxic lead, while lead‐free chiral hybrid metal halides especially those with phase transitions remain sparse. Here, we report a new lead‐free chiral metal halide crystal [R‐3‐fluoropiperidinium]2SbCl5 ([R‐3‐FPP]2SbCl5), which crystalizes in chiral P212121 space group at 293 K and consists of chiral [3‐FPP]+ cations and one‐dimensional [SbCl5]n2− zigzag chains of corner‐sharing SbCl6 octahedrons. Notably, [R‐3‐FPP]2SbCl5 undergoes an above room temperature phase transition at 313 K, which can be attributed to the order‐disorder transition of both the organic [R‐3‐FPP]+ cation and inorganic [SbCl5]2− anions. In addition, [R‐3‐FPP]2SbCl5 also shows a broad band gap of 3.21 eV. This work promotes the exploration of chiral lead‐free hybrid lead halides with phase transitions.
Bimetallic NiCo2S4 Nanorod Cocatalyst Modified the Flower‐Like Zn3In2S6 Microsphere for Visible‐Light‐Driven High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhang Shuo , Yue Feng , Li Cong , Tan Bang , Luo Chenhao , Zamponi Silvia , Zhang Hongzhong
Published: July 2024

Establishing Schottky barriers is a key tactic for enhancing the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and improving photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, a self‐assembled metal cocatalyst, NiCo2S4 nanorod, is loaded onto the flower‐like Zn3In2S6 microsphere via a hydrothermal method. Under visible light irradiation, the NiCo2S4/Zn3In2S6 composite material achieves a peak H2 production rate of 3436.72 μmol g−1 h−1 within 6 h, marking a 5.4 times greater increase compared to pristine Zn3In2S6. This outperforms the maximum H2 production rate of Pt/Zn3In2S6‐1% within the same 6‐hour timeframe, which is 3323.05 μmol g−1 h−1. Additionally, the apparent quantum efficiency reaches 7.86% at 420 nm. The outstanding photocatalytic activity stems from the synergistic effects between the visible‐light‐active Zn3In2S6 and the conductive cocatalyst NiCo2S4, facilitating spatial electrical promotion. In particular, the formation of a Schottky junction at the interface of NiCo2S4/Zn3In2S6 enables prompt electron transfer to NiCo2S4 nanorods, preventing backflow and thereby promoting the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism is proposed, drawing from the electrochemical characterization results. Thus, this research provides a new approach for designing metal‐semiconductor photocatalysts that are efficient in photocatalytic H2 production through water splitting.
Displacement prediction equations for seismic design of single friction pendulum base‐isolated structures
Authors: da Silva Andréia Horta Alvares , Pohl Diego Pizarro , Stojadinović Božidar
Published: July 2024

We propose a set of equations for preliminary risk‐targeted seismic design of structures base‐isolated using single friction pendulum (SFP) bearings. The equations offer statistical estimates of the maximum displacement of the superstructure relative to the base and the maximum displacement of the isolated base response quantities of interest (RQIs), given ground motion intensity measures and the essential dynamic properties of the SFP bearing base‐isolated structure. The set of proposed equations enables preliminary seismic design of SFP base‐isolated structures using the mean annual frequency of exceeding displacement‐defined limit states related to the two RQIs. To develop the design equations, we define and use a two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) surrogate model that features a few essential dynamic parameters of the SFP bearing base‐isolated structure. We first verify that the 2DOF surrogate model is accurate enough to represent the base and superstructure displacements compared to the complete multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom model of the prototype SFP bearing base‐isolated structure. Next, we perform more than 5 million non‐linear dynamical analyses of 4900 distinct 2DOF surrogates subjected to 210 different recorded ground motions scaled five times. We fit the response data of each 2DOF surrogate to a linear model and use two different modeling techniques to derive the design equations. One model is based on Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), and the other model is based on Linear Regression (LR). The PCE model is more accurate than the LR model, with the trade‐off regarding its simplicity. Nevertheless, both the PCE and the LR models are accurate enough to estimate the design quantities of interest of the SFP bearing base‐isolated structure for preliminary design purposes. Lastly, we exemplify the use of the proposed design equations and we show that the estimate of base displacement is conservative in the cases when the superstructure of the SPF bearing base‐isolated structure yields.
Effects of biochar addition or grass planting on infiltrations into a sandy soil in the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Wu Lei , Xu Liujia , Yang Hang , Ma Xiaoyi
Published: July 2024

Changing the soil and underlying surface conditions is a key practice for realizing irrigation on‐site storage and infiltration. However, biochar addition and grass planting effects on soil infiltration and water retention capacity remain unclear. The effects of 0% biochar (C1), 1% biochar (C3), 2% biochar (C4), 3% biochar (C5) under ryegrass and 0% biochar (C2), 1% biochar (C6), 2% biochar (C7) and 3% biochar (C8) under Festuca arundinacea on infiltration behaviours were modelled by using sandy loessial soil columns with ‘bare soil + 0% biochar’ as the control (CK). (i) There is a linear relationship between cumulative infiltration and CK–C8 treatment wetting fronts (R2 ≥ 0.982), which showed an initial rising trend and then tended to gradual, and the influence of different treatments was primarily reflected in the middle and late infiltration stages. (ii) Both biochar and grass planting decreased the soil infiltration capacity compared with that of the CK treatment. A high biochar addition rate was beneficial for inhibiting soil water infiltration and improving water retention ability in sandy loessial soil, however, ryegrass soil infiltrabilities under 1%, 2% and 3% biochar were all stronger than that of F. arundinacea. (iii) The cumulative infiltration fitting effects in different treatments with the Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, Philip, USDA–NRCS, Horton and Green–Ampt equations were all good, although there were some differences in the infiltration rate curves under the six different fitting equations. This study is helpful in understanding effective sandy loessial soil storage ability for irrigation and efficient water resource usage.
Characteristics of thermo‐hydraulic flow inside corrugated channels: Comprehensive and comparative review
Authors: AL‐Daamee Fatimah Q. , Hamza Naseer H.
Published: July 2024

Previous works that investigated the characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow in channels with corrugated walls have been extensively reviewed in this study. In accordance with the fast increase in power consumption requirements, many researchers have investigated a new approach for cooling techniques that can enhance the cooling performance of devices without consuming more power. To improve the efficiency of energy systems, many investigators and engineers implement promising techniques such as surface optimization and additives as passive methods to augment the rates of heat transfer. Researchers investigated different corrugation profiles along with various working fluids as well as external power devices to further improve the heat exchange process of thermal systems. The aim of this article is to give a clear preview of the effects of different parameters such as wave parameters, Reynolds number, type of working fluid, and pulsating flow condition on the average and local Nusselt number, the pressure drop, the performance factors, and irreversibility. The main findings are listed in tables and depicted in figures, the matter that helps engineers and researchers to choose a suitable channel shape for their applications.
In situ evaluation and manipulation of lithium plating morphology enabling safe and long‐life lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Mao Shuoyuan , Wang Yu , Lu Yao , Han Xuebing , Zheng Yuejiu , Feng Xuning , Ren Xinqi , Lu Languang , Ouyang Minggao
Published: July 2024

The morphology of plated lithium (MPL) metal on graphite anodes, traditionally described as “moss‐like” and “dendrite‐like”, exert a substantial negative influence on the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) by modulating the metal‐electrolyte interface and side reaction rates. However, a systematic and quantitative analysis of MPL is lacking, impeding effective evaluation and manipulation of this detrimental issue. In this study, we transition from a qualitative analysis to a quantitative one by conducting a detailed examination of the MPL. Our findings reveal that slender lithium dendrites reduces the lifespan and safety of LIB by increasing the side reaction rates and promoting the formation of dead lithium. To further evaluate the extent of the detrimental effect of MPL, we propose the specific surface area (SSA) as a critical metric, and develop an in situ method integrating expansion force and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to estimate SSA. Finally, we introduce a pulse current protocol to manipulate hazardous MLP. Phase field model simulations and experiments demonstrate that this protocol significantly enhances the reversibility of plated lithium. This research offers a novel morphological perspective on lithium plating, providing a more detailed fundamental understanding that facilitates effective evaluation and manipulation of plated lithium, thereby enhancing the safety and extending the cycle life of LIBs.

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Pig manure degradation and carbon emission: Measuring and modeling combined aerobic–anaerobic transformations
Authors: Dalby Frederik R. , Hafner Sasha D. , Ambrose Herald W. , Adamsen Anders Peter S.
Published: July 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions from liquid livestock manure storage significantly contribute to global warming. Accurate farm‐scale models are essential for predicting these emissions and evaluating manure management strategies, but they rely on multiple parameters describing carbon loss dynamics. Surface respiration may significantly influence carbon loss and methane emission, yet it is not explicitly included in current models. We conducted experiments to measure pig manure surface respiration rate and its effect on organic matter degradation and methane and carbon dioxide emissions. Manure was incubated for 283 days at 10°C or 20°C under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, while measuring methane and carbon dioxide emission. This was followed by anaerobic digestion at 38°C. Surface respiration reduced the organic matter content, and the effect was temperature dependent. Methane emission was not affected by surface respiration, suggesting that substrate availability was not rate‐limiting for methanogenesis. Surface respiration rates were 18.1 ± 3.5 g CO2 m−2 day−1 at 10°C and 37.1 ± 13.1 g CO2 m−2 day−1 at 20°C (mean ± standard deviation) and were consistent with microsensor measurements of oxygen consumption in different manure surfaces. Based on these results, temperature‐ and surface area‐dependent respiration was incorporated in the existing anaerobic biodegradation model (ABM). Simulations showed that surface respiration accounts for 29% of carbon losses in a typical pig house and 8% for outdoor storage. Developing and refining algorithms for diverse carbon transformations, such as surface respiration, is crucial for evaluating the potential for methane emission and identification of variables that control emissions at the farm scale.
Counting triangles in regular graphs
Authors: He Jialin , Hou Xinmin , Ma Jie , Xie Tianying
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we investigate the minimum number of triangles, denoted by , in ‐vertex ‐regular graphs, where is an odd integer and is an even integer. The well‐known Andrásfai–Erdős–Sós Theorem has established that if . In a striking work, Lo has provided the exact value of for sufficiently large , given that . Here, we bridge the gap between the aforementioned results by determining the precise value of in the entire range . This confirms a conjecture of Cambie, de Joannis de Verclos, and Kang for sufficiently large .
Response to discussant comments on “NMA, the first 20 years”
Authors: Ades A. E. , Welton Nicky J. , Dias Sofia , Caldwell Deborah M. , Phillippo David M.
Published: July 2024

We respond to discussant comments on our paper “Twenty years of network meta‐analysis: Continuing controversies and recent developments” (https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1700) and raise some additional points for consideration, including: the way in which methodological guidance is generated; integration of the estimand framework with evidence synthesis; and implications of the European Joint Clinical Assessment. We ask: what properties are required of population adjustment methods to enable transparent and consistent decision‐making? We also ask why individual patient data is not routinely made available to re‐imbursement authorities and clinical guideline developers.
Check‐in significance: Differentiating loyalty reward members and non‐members
Authors: Hwang Jiyoung , Lee Solbi , Busser James A. , Shulga Lenna V.
Published: July 2024

Interactions between service employees and customers at check‐in shape customers' first impressions and lead to their future behavioral intentions. Even though customer relationship management (CRM) relies heavily on the hospitality check‐in experience, research is scarce on its impacts and the moderating effect of loyalty membership programs. Based on the broaden‐and‐build theory, the current study examined customer check‐in significance associated with their outcomes and compared two groups to determine if loyalty programs have a meaningful impact. The findings confirmed the importance of the check‐in experience and the moderating effect of loyalty membership was significantly related to customers' perceptions.
Barriers to adoption of slow tourism: An innovation resistance theory perspective
Authors: Chauhan Vishakha
Published: July 2024

Slow tourism is a recent concept in the travel and tourism industry. It offers rejuvenation and immersion in local culture to travelers along with environmental and economic benefits. While slow tourist destinations are picking up the pace and interest of consumers, they also face a lot of resistance from consumers. However, existing literature on slow tourism has essentially focused on travelers' adoption intentions and motivations toward slow tourism, scarcely investigating the sources of such resistance. Addressing this pertinent gap, this study applies the innovation resistance theory (IRT) to examine the barriers to consumer adoption intention toward slow tourism. A mixed‐method research approach with in‐depth discussions with slow travelers and a large‐scale cross‐sectional survey of 350 travelers from India is used to test the proposed model. Findings advocate that the usage and image barriers are the prime inhibitors of slow tourism adoption. As a moderator, consumers' environmental concern and an individualistic culture dampens the strength of the association between the barriers and slow tourism adoption intentions. Results present important ramifications for slow tourism marketers and researchers.
Herders' risk preference and grassland transfer strategy: Evidence from a field experiment in pastoral areas of China
Authors: Guan Shiqi , Tang Zeng , Zhao Menglin , Li Yiwen
Published: July 2024

Encouraging and guiding herders to participate in grassland transfer promotes the high‐quality development of grassland animal husbandry. We conducted a survey among 356 herders from Qinghai and Gansu provinces in China, to explore the impact of herders' risk preference and perceptions on their grassland transfer strategies. We used experimental economics methods to measure the risk preferences of herders. Our results indicate that the majority of herders exhibit risk‐averse attitudes. A theoretical model was used to establish hypotheses on the relationship between risk preference and grassland transfer decision‐making. The double‐hurdle model and moderating effect model were used to test these hypotheses. Our analysis shows that herders' risk preferences have a significant negative effect on their decisions to engage in grassland transfer. Both risk preferences and risk perception have a significant impact on grassland transfer‐in decisions, but no significant impact on grassland transfer‐out. A heterogeneity analysis revealed that the impact of risk preferences on grassland transfer participation is more pronounced among herders in Qinghai compared to those in Gansu. Moreover, we found that risk perception plays a moderating role on the influence of risk preferences on decisions regarding grassland transfer. These findings are crucial to formulate strategies for the sustainable management of the grassland transfer market.
Coalition broadens mental health training for criminal justice professionals
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2024

An effort modeled after the Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) that law enforcement officers receive is equipping other criminal justice system professionals in Collier County, Florida, with knowledge to improve their interactions with individuals who have serious mental illness and/or substance use disorders.
Retrospective study evaluating safety, clinical effect, and dosing of dalteparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in term neonates
Authors: Sherman Nancy , Younus Muhammad , Wolter Kevin , Victor Suresh , Kairamkonda Venkatesh , Adams Eleri , Brotherton Helen , Boyle Elaine M.
Published: July 2024

Background

There is an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among neonates due to their unique hemostatic system. However, there is lack of approved treatment options for VTE in neonatal population. Importantly, dalteparin, a low molecular weight heparin approved for pediatric VTE in children ≥1 month of age, has also been used for the treatment of neonatal VTE. Based on the request from the Food and Drug Administration, this retrospective study aimed to characterize the safety, clinical effects, and dosing of dalteparin for treatment of VTE among neonates.

Procedure

Data from electronic medical records for neonates (born ≥35 weeks of gestation) treated with dalteparin for VTE between January 2010 and December 2021 were collected. The data assessed included bleeding and deterioration in hematological biomarkers among other adverse events, changes in relevant factor antifactor Xa (anti‐Xa) levels and VTE status, and dosing of dalteparin and corresponding anti‐Xa assay levels.

Results

Sixteen neonates from five participating sites in the United Kingdom were included. There were no bleeding events or deaths. Only one serious adverse event of hypoglycemic brain injury (unrelated to dalteparin) was documented in a patient with a history of hyperinsulinism. Median (range) daily dose of dalteparin at initiation was 309 (297–314) IU/kg. Eight of 16 neonates achieved therapeutic anti‐Xa level, including two patients who did so after the first dose.

Conclusions

Dalteparin treatment in neonates raised no major safety concerns. Larger cohort studies may help provide further insights on clinical effects of dalteparin for neonatal VTE.
Standardizing the evaluation and management of iron deficiency anemia secondary to heavy menstrual bleeding in the emergency department
Authors: Fernandez Sanchez Josaura , Sánchez Luisanna M. , Kappa Sarah S. , Karsenty Cecile L. , O'Keefe Madeleine , Shekar Meghan , Timothy Leander D. , Vrana Chelsea B. , Airewele Gladstone , Lee‐Kim YoungNa , Okcu M. Fatih , Cohen Clay T. , Powers Jacquelyn M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Comprehensive guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) presenting to the emergency department (ED) are lacking, leading to variability in care. We aimed to standardize the evaluation and management of these patients through the development and implementation of an evidence‐based algorithm using quality improvement methodology.

Methods

Baseline data of the target population identified variability across four key measures of clinical management: therapy choice and administration, laboratory evaluation, hematology service consultation, and patient disposition. Literature review and consensus from pediatric hematology and gynecology providers informed a draft algorithm that was refined in an iterative multidisciplinary process. From December 2022 to July 2023, we aimed to achieve a 25% relative increase in patients to receive optimal management per the algorithm, while using sequential Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) cycles. Process measures focusing on provider documentation and balancing measures, such as ED length of stay, were assessed concurrently.

Results

Forty‐nine patients were evaluated during four PDSA cycles. Improvement of ≥40% above baseline regarding recommended therapy administration was achieved across four PDSA cycles. Adherence to recommended therapy choice improved from 57% (baseline) to 100%, minimal laboratory evaluation from 14% to 83%, hematology consultation from 36% to 100%, and appropriate disposition from 71% to 100%. ED length of stay remained stable.

Conclusion

Implementation of a standardized algorithm for management of IDA secondary to HMB in adolescents in the ED increased adherence to evidence‐based patient care.
Effects of carbon nanomaterials on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite
Authors: Yu Mingming , Ding Junran , Xiao Rongbin , Xie Wang , Shan Changchun , Liu Zhichong , Ren Musu , Sun Jinliang
Published: July 2024

The surface of carbon fiber is treated with sizing agent containing hydroxylated carbon nanotubes, fullerenols, and graphene oxide, respectively. The effects of carbon nanomaterials and their structures on the surface properties of carbon fiber, the interfacial properties and the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites are investigated. All three types of carbon nanomaterial can improve the interfacial bonding strength and modulus, thereby enhancing the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites. Moreover, the ILSS increases with the increase of interfacial bonding strength, due to the roughness and the number of active groups. Compared with the composite without carbon nanomaterials, the interfacial bonding strength of the three nanoparticle‐modified composites increased by 14%, 5% and 4%, the modulus increased by 10%, 26%, and 9%, and the ILSS increased by 14%, 8%, and 7%, respectively. The interfacial bonding strength has a more significant impact on the ILSS than the interfacial modulus.

Highlights

CNTs, graphene oxide and fullerenols regulate the surface characteristics of carbon fibers.

The influence of carbon nanomaterials on the interfacial properties of composites.

The relationship between the fiber surface, the interface and the composites.
Amphiphilic ligand‐doped liquid crystal‐based detection of Hg2+ ions on polyimide surface with alkyl pendent groups
Authors: Majeed Nasir , Siddiqi Humaira Masood , Urooj Iqra , Liaqat Faroha
Published: July 2024

In this study, amphiphilic thiosemicarbazone was used to align liquid crystal (4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl) in a homeotropic way on polyimide containing alkyl pendent groups (AHDPI), which was coated on a glass slide. The amphiphilic ligands 2‐(4‐(dodecyloxy)benzylid‐ene)hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide (DT) and 2‐(1‐dodecyl‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide (IT) were doped with liquid crystal (LC) to develop LC‐based sensors to detect Hg2+ ions in water. The selective interaction of carbothioamide with Hg2+ ions triggered the orientation transition of LC from homeotropic to parallel alignment and gave dark to bright optical signal at the LC/aqueous interphase. Self‐immobilization of thiosemicarbazone‐based ligands on AHDPI‐coated glass slide can be used to detect Hg2+ ions with high sensitivity. The limit of detection with DT and IT was found to be 0.5 and 0.25 μmol L−1, respectively. Density functional studies were carried out to study the interaction of the thiosemicarbazone ligands with mercuric ions, resulting in highly negative binding energies of −1.55 and −2.06 eV for DT and IT with Hg2+ ions, respectively. The chemical and thermal stability (up to 268 °C) of the AHDPI coated on glass slide made it reusable at least twice for sensor fabrication. This provides a quicker and cheaper alternative to traditional methods of sensor fabrication. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of Doping Engineering in 1 μm Drift Layer Quasi‐Vertical Fin Field‐Effect Transistor for Achieving >139 V Breakdown Voltage
Authors: Michel Ancy , I. V. Binola K. Jebalin , Franklin S. Angen , Juliet Rani Sylvia , A. Angelin Delighta , Nirmal D.
Published: July 2024

A quasi‐vertical gallium nitride (GaN) fin field effect transistor (FinFET) is designed and analyzed to assess the performance of electrical parameters. The device is deployed on a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate and analyzed using technology computer‐aided design (TCAD). The donor concentration in the critical regions is identified as a significant limiting factor for FinFET electrical properties. Hence, the influence of channel and drift layer doping concentrations (Nd) on performance characteristics is investigated in this work. The electrical characteristics such as threshold voltage, ION/IOFF ratio, subthreshold swing (SS), specific ON‐resistance, and breakdown voltage (VBV) are evaluated for various doping profiles. The doping profile with channel and drift layer concentration of 4 × 1015 cm−3 for a 300 nm fin width and 1 μm thick drift layer exhibits normally OFF behavior with a threshold voltage (Vt) of 1.5 V. It also demonstrates a VBV of 139 V. The corresponding doping profile reveals a low SS of 61 mV dec−1, which is comparable to other similar power devices.   This demonstrates the significant potential of the device for medium‐power switching applications.
Tangeretin alleviates inflammation and oxidative response induced by spinal cord injury by activating the Sesn2/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Peng Birong , Hu Jinwei , Sun Yuanfang , Huang Yating , Peng Qingshan , Zhao Weiwen , Xu Wenning , Zhu Lixin
Published: July 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disabling disease that is characterized by inflammation and oxidative reactions. Tangeretin has been shown to possess significant antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, downstream of the Sesn2 gene, is involved in regulating the inflammation and oxidative response. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tangeretin on SCI and its possible mechanism through cell and animal models. A T9 clamp injury was used for the mouse model and the LPS‐induced stimulation of BV‐2 cells was used for the cell model. The improvement of motor function after SCI was assessed by open field, swimming, and footprint experiments. The morphological characteristics of mouse spinal cord tissue and the levels of INOS, Sesn2, TNF‐α, Keap1, Nrf2, IL‐10, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo and in vitro were measured by several methods including western blotting, qPCR, immunofluorescence, HE, and Nissl staining. In vivo data showed that tangeretin can improve motor function recovery and reduce neuron loss and injury size in mice with SCI. Simultaneously, the in vitro findings suggested that treatment of BV‐2 cells with tangeretin after LPS stimulation reduced the production of inflammatory factors and ROS, and could convert BV‐2 cells from the M1 to the M2 type. Furthermore, Sesn2 knockout suppressed Keap1/Nrf2, inflammatory factors, ROS levels, and the M1 to M2 transition. Tangeretin can alleviate the inflammation and oxidative response induced by SCI by activating the Sesn2/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
Active Biopackaging Films Enriched With Andız (Juniperus drupacea L.) Shell Extract for Fresh Meat Packaging
Authors: Konuk Takma Dilara , Çin Semiha , Şahin Nadeem Hilal
Published: July 2024

Andız (Juniperus drupacea L.) shell, a valuable waste produced during the production of andız molasses, was used as a natural source of bioactive compounds. The functional properties of andız shell's extract were determined under various extraction conditions including temperature, time, solid ratio and solvent type. Alginate and gelatin were selected as carbohydrate and protein‐based sources for the development of biodegradable packaging. The optimum film formulation was determined by evaluating physical properties such as thickness, tensile strength, elongation, water vapour permeability, water activity, water solubility and optical properties. In addition to the physical properties, the functional properties such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of biocomposite films incorporating extracts in different proportions were also evaluated. Furthermore, the potential usage of this packaging to maintain the quality of fresh meat was investigated during a 12‐day refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Periodic analyses were conducted on the samples for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count, psychrotrophic bacteria counts, pH, colour and texture properties. The results demonstrated that the meat packaged with active films exhibited a reduction in microbial growth and maintained the quality of meat samples during storage. Therefore, the developed biodegradable active packaging material shows promising functionality for preserving fresh meat and meat products.
Modern approaches for evaluating treatment effect heterogeneity from clinical trials and observational data
Authors: Lipkovich Ilya , Svensson David , Ratitch Bohdana , Dmitrienko Alex
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we review recent advances in statistical methods for the evaluation of the heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE), including subgroup identification and estimation of individualized treatment regimens, from randomized clinical trials and observational studies. We identify several types of approaches using the features introduced in Lipkovich et al (Stat Med 2017;36: 136‐196) that distinguish the recommended principled methods from basic methods for HTE evaluation that typically rely on rules of thumb and general guidelines (the methods are often referred to as common practices). We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various principled methods as well as common measures for evaluating their performance. We use simulated data and a case study based on a historical clinical trial to illustrate several new approaches to HTE evaluation.
Angry Back
Authors: Ottevanger Rosanne , Genders Roel E.
Published: July 2024

A healthy 16-year-old boy presented with a rash and painful back. This occurred minutes after an acrobatic act in the swimming pool where he landed flat on his back. The lesions were painful. He was diagnosed with pressure urticaria.
Development of Chitosan/Mg−Zn−HAP/ZrO2 Bilayer Coating on Ti Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Suganthi Sanjeevamuthu , Avula Balakrishna , R Vinaykumar , Rai Rajakumar S. , Gunamalai Lavanya , Hasan Imran , Kumaravel Sakthivel , Durai Mathivanan , Oh Tae Hwan , Surya Chinnasamy
Published: July 2024

Titanium alloys (Ti−6Al−4V) are being used in many biomedical applications due to their unique properties of bioactivity, excellent mechanical properties, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and long‐term implant application for their satisfactory corrosion resistance. We have developed a new two‐step fabrication process of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and Chitosan/Mg−Zn−HAP (Chitosan/M−HAP) bilayer layer coating on Ti alloy for biomedical applications. Flower‐structured bilayers were coated by the electrochemical deposition method. Electrochemically deposited bilayer‐coated Ti alloy specimens were characterized by various analytical techniques like field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and EDS mapping analysis. Furthermore, the developed bilayer (Chitosan/Mg−Zn−HAP/ZrO2) coated Ti alloy samples improved mechanical properties such as adhesion strength (20.1±0.4 MPa) and hardness (446±4 Hv), compared to other coatings. An investigation of polarization curves showed a positive shift in the polarization values (Ecorr, and Icorr) of the Chitosan/M−HAP/ZrO2 bilayer coatings on Ti alloy. Bilayer‐modified Ti alloy samples show good antimicrobial response toward Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Meanwhile, the cell viability and proliferation of the bilayer‐coated samples were evaluated and the exhibited result improved cell proliferation, and bioactivity compared to other coated materials. From the results, it can be evident that the developed Chitosan/Mg−Zn−HAP/ZrO2 bilayer‐coated Ti alloy could be a good potential candidate for biomedical applications.
Highly Recyclable and Versatile La0.5Nd0.2Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.5Nd0.2Ca0.25K0.05MnO3 Perovskite Catalysts for Effective Removal of Organic Contaminants
Authors: Singh Sumit , Sharma Narayan Dutt , Verma Mukesh Kumar , Singh Rajinder , Singh Devinder
Published: July 2024

Wastewater contamination, particularly from dye effluents containing organic colorants originating from industrial sources, represents a significant environmental and public health hazard. This study is dedicated to removal of these abundant coloured effluents in wastewater, addressing the imperative need for effective remediation strategies to safeguard ecosystems and human well‐being. In this regard, bare and K‐doped perovskite manganites La0.5Nd0.2Ca0.3MnO3 (LCM) and La0.5Nd0.2Ca0.25K0.05MnO3 (LCKM) nanoparticles respectively were synthesized in order to study their catalytic behaviour for degradation of coloured effluents. The Rietveld analysis applied to the X‐ray diffraction data provides confirmation of orthorhombic symmetry. For exploring the catalytic properties, rhodamine‐B (RhB) dye was chosen as model dye pollutant. The achieved degradation efficiency is substantial, reaching 99 % within a brief period of 10–12 min. Following these results, we have also carried out the degradation of some other dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). It was observed that MO dye was more efficiently degraded in quick time as compared to all the other dyes due to its anionic nature. Furthermore, the comparative catalytic efficiencies of LCM and LCKM catalysts were explained on the basis of Mn3+/Mn4+ redox pairs and it was observed that LCKM had shown better degradation efficiency than LCM.
Mononuclear Aluminum Complexes as Precursors for Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Ajitrao Kisan Devadkar , Sharma Jyoti , Paul Ishita , Karmakar Himadri , Jain Archana , Panda Tarun K.
Published: July 2024

The synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic application of two novel aluminum complexes, [κ3ENSe−{Ph2P(E)N−C6H4−SePh}AlMe2] [E=S (1) and Se (2)] supported by new pincer‐type phenylselenium‐phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands are described. The molecular structures of both complexes in their solid states reveal a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the Al(III) ion, involving monoanionic ligand {Ph2P(E)N−C6H4−SePh}− bonded to the AlMe2‐motif in a tridentate manner. Complex 1 was found to be an effective pre‐catalyst for the cyanosilyation of aldehydes and ketones with TMSCN under solvent‐free conditions. The reaction protocol is simple, efficient, and has a diverse substrate scope of aldehydes and ketones, showing superior functional group tolerance. The kinetic study revealed that ketone reduction proceeded with first‐order dependence on ketone concentrations, TMSCN, and catalyst 1.
Enhanced Sensitivity in Photovoltaic 2D MoS2/Te Heterojunction VOC Sensors
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Hasani Amirhossein , Hussain Tanveer , Ghanbari Hamidreza , Fawzy Mirette , Abnavi Amin , Ahmadi Ribwar , Kabir Fahmid , De Silva Thushani , Rajapakse R. K. N. D. , Adachi Michael M.
Published: July 2024

Volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors have a broad range of applications including healthcare monitoring, product quality control, and air quality management. However, many such applications are demanding, requiring sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. 2D materials are extensively used in many VOC sensing devices due to their large surface‐to‐volume ratio and fascinating electronic properties. These properties, along with their exceptional flexibility, low power consumption, room‐temperature operation, chemical functionalization potential, and defect engineering capabilities, make 2D materials ideal for high‐performance VOC sensing. Here, a 2D MoS2/Te heterojunction is reported that significantly improves the VOC detection compared to MoS2 and Te sensors on their own. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis shows that the MoS2/Te heterojunction significantly enhances the adsorption energy and therefore sensing sensitivity of the sensor. The sensor response, which denotes the percentage change in the sensor's conductance upon VOC exposure, is further enhanced under photo‐illumination and zero‐bias conditions to values up to ≈7000% when exposed to butanone. The MoS2/Te heterojunction is therefore a promising device architecture for portable and wearable sensing applications.
A Multimodal Perception‐Enabled Flexible Memristor with Combined Sensing‐Storage‐Memory Functions for Enhanced Artificial Injury Recognition
Authors: Yang Chuan , Wang Hongyan , Zhou Guangdong , Zhao Hongbin , Hou Wentao , Zhu Shouhui , Zhao Yong , Sun Bai
Published: July 2024

With the continuous advancement of wearable technology and advanced medical monitoring, there is an increasing demand for electronic devices that can adapt to complex environments and have high perceptual sensitivity. Here, a novel artificial injury perception device based on an Ag/HfOx/ITO/PET flexible memristor is designed to address the limitations of current technologies in multimodal perception and environmental adaptability. The memristor exhibits excellent resistive switching (RS) performance and mechanical flexibility under different bending angles (BAs), temperatures, humid environment, and repetitive folding conditions. Further, the device demonstrates the multimodal perception and conversion capabilities toward voltage, mechanical, and thermal stimuli through current response tests under different conditions, enabling not only the simulation of artificial injury perception but also holds promise for monitoring and controlling the movement of robotic arms. Moreover, the logical operation capability of the memristor‐based reconfigurable logic (MRL) gates is also demonstrated, proving the device has great potential applications with sensing, storage, and memory functions. Overall, this study not only provides a direction for the development of the next‐generation flexible multimodal sensors, but also has significant implications for technological advancements in many fields such as robotic arms, electronic skin (e‐skin), and medical monitoring.
Optimization Design of Dual‐Parallel Rotor Permanent Magnet Motor Based on Dynamic Kriging Surrogate Model
Authors: Chen Yang , Tao Dajun , Li Shoupeng , Ge Baojun
Published: July 2024

In order to reduce the torque ripple and the unbalanced electromagnetic force on the rotor of the dual‐parallel rotor permanent magnet motor, a dynamic Kriging surrogate model is proposed to optimize its structural parameters. In the process of constructing the dynamic Kriging surrogate model, the concept of key sampling space is introduced, which solves the problems of low optimization efficiency and poor model accuracy of the traditional static surrogate model based on ‘one‐time’ sampling. The topological structure of the dual‐parallel rotor permanent magnet motor is introduced, and a prototype is used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. The optimization parameters are determined, and the initial sampling space of each optimization parameter is determined according to the influence law of a single parameter on the optimization objectives. The initial sample database of the Kriging surrogate model is established, and a dynamic criterion for adding sample points is proposed. Combined with the NSGA‐II algorithm, the surrogate model is constructed and solved. The optimal solution is substituted into the numerical model, which verifies the feasibility and correctness of the proposed optimization design method. The accuracy of the dynamic Kriging surrogate model is discussed and compared with the traditional static surrogate model. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Breaking silence: A critical duoethnography on examining epistemic violence in negotiating the journey as international graduate students in U.S. higher education
Authors: Mohebali Milad , Jangjou Elmira
Published: July 2024

This critical duoethnography takes silence in classroom discussions as a sociocultural artifact that reveals the norms of the society that upholds it. In this research, we made visible and explored the content of silence we experienced as international graduate students. We found that repeated patterns of silence in classroom discussions acted to silence us as knowers. Moreover, this silencing power of classroom silences was entangled with various factors like immigration status and financial constraints. Finally, by elaborating on ways that we navigated these challenges, we offer implications for research, practice, and policy for improving the experiences of international graduate students in the United States.