bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POTENSI EKSTRAK GAMBIR, SIRIH-SIRIHAN DAN SAMBILOTO SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA NABATI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Aphis schneideri PADA TANAMAN Clausena anisata
Authors: Idris Herwita , Nurmansyah NFN
Published: January 2017

Pestisida yang berasal dari tanaman relatif aman terhadap organisme bukan sasaran dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan pestisida berbahan aktif kimia sintetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi ekstrak tanaman gambir, sirih-sirihan, dan sambiloto terhadap serangga hama Aphis schneideri yang merupakan salah satu hama utama tanaman Clausena anisata. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari ekstrak gambir, sambiloto, dan sirih-sirihan, masing-masing dengan tingkat konsentrasi yang berbeda (8, 12, dan 16 ml l-l) serta kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman gambir, sirih-sirihan, dan sambiloto bersifat insektisidal terhadap serangga hama A. schneideri. Ekstrak gambir pada konsentrasi 16 ml l-l mampu mengendalikan nimfa dan imago A. schneideri 100% pada 6 jam setelah aplikasi, sedangkan ekstrak sambiloto pada tingkat konsentrasi yang sama dengan gambir memerlukan waktu 36 jam setelah aplikasi untuk mencapai mortalitas 100%. Ekstrak sirih-sirihan memiliki efikasi terendah dibanding gambir dan sambiloto dengan tingkat mortalitas hanya mencapai 63,83% (nimfa) dan 65,44% (imago) pada 36 jam setelah aplikasi.
Improving Hydraulic Fracture Design; a Key to Achieving a Higher Level of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Well Performance
Authors: Shelley Robert , Shah Koras , Davidson Brian , Sheludko Stan , Nejad Amir
Published: January 2017

Drilling horizontally and hydraulic fracturing is proving to be the well type of choice for low and ultra- low permeability shale. However, due to the extreme complexities encountered, determining the specifics of a completion and hydraulic fracture design that will result in the highest economic return on investment is problematic. The subject of this paper are results from detailed evaluations performed by experienced engineers with reservoir knowledge for the purpose of evaluating completion effectiveness and improving economics for shale and other low permeability formations.

Detailed engineering evaluations were performed to estimate reservoir and frac characteristics for a multi-well Utica pad. These evaluations consisted of (1) performing production history matching on all production phases with a numeric reservoir simulator, (2) estimating conditions within the fracture over time as the wells are produced and (3) calibration of a 3-D frac model by frac pressure matching. The methods used to perform these evaluations are not new, however they currently are underutilized by the industry today

The evaluations performed indicate that completion, frac design, operational and production issues can all significantly influence multi-fractured horizontal well production and economics. In addition the findings show that in many cases the hydraulic fractures are not very effective1-9. This ineffectiveness is due to the stranding of large portions of the propped fracture area which consequently do not contribute to well performance. This condition results in loss of productivity, recovery and return on investment. Experience shows that improvements to the frac treatment design can mitigate some of this inefficiency and improve the economics of multi-fractured horizontal completions.
Shale Analytics: Making Production and Operational Decisions Based on Facts: A Case Study in Marcellus Shale
Authors: Mohaghegh S. D. , Gaskari R. , Maysami M.
Published: January 2017

Managers, geologists, reservoir and completion engineers are faced with important challenges and questions when it comes to producing from and operating shale assets. Some of the important questions that need to be answered are: What should be the distance between wells (well spacing)? How many clusters need to be included in each stage? What is the optimum stage length? At what point we need to stop adding stages in our wells (what is the point of diminishing returns)? At what rate and at what pressure do we need to pump the fluid and the proppant? What is the best proppant concentration? Should our completion strategy be modified when the quality of the shale (reservoir characteristics) and the producing hydrocarbon (dry gas, vs. condensate rich, vs. oil) changes in different parts of the field? What is the impact of soak time (starting production right after the completion versus delaying it) on production?

Shale Analytics is the collection of the state of the art data driven techniques including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data mining that addresses the above questions based on facts (field measurements) rather than human biases. Shale Analytics is the fusion of domain expertise (years of geology, reservoir, and production engineering knowledge) with data driven analytics. Shale Analytics is the application of Big Data Analytics, Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to any and all Shale related issues. Lessons learned from the application of Shale Analytics to more than 3,000 wells in Marcellus, Utica, Niobrara, and Eagle Ford is presented in this paper along with a detail case study in Marcellus Shale.

The case study details the application of Shale Analytics to understand the impact of different reservoir and completion parameters on production, and the quality of predictions made by artificial intelligence technologies regarding the production of blind wells. Furthermore, generating type curves, performing "Look-Back" analysis and identifying best completion practices are presented in this paper. Using Shale Analytics for re-frac candidate selection and design was presented in a previous paper [1].
Sequenced Fracturing Technique Improves Production from an Underperforming Lateral: An Interpretation Based on High Frequency Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Klem Richard A. , Rutzinger Gunther , Shulman Mark , Pedam Sandeep , Keilers Adam , Bogdan Andrey , Oussoltsev Dmitri
Published: January 2017

Well "A" was drilled as a horizontal unstimulated producer in the Kuparuk oil reservoir. Though fracturing was considered during the design phase, the operator wanted to evaluate the well's performance without stimulation. The well was completed with a liner with 10 perforated pups spaced evenly along the wellbore without annular isolation. When production from the well fell short of expectations, hydraulic fracturing was considered, but the completion limited the options to effectively stimulate the lateral.

The chosen fracturing treatment was designed to balance maximum reservoir contact with economic considerations. In an attempt to place more than a single fracture at the weakest point of the 3,242 ft. lateral, it was decided to attempt eight fracturing stages separated by diversion pills. High-frequency (200 Hz) pressure transducers were used on the treating line. The data obtained from water hammers at the end of each stage allowed the estimation of diversion performance between fractures for each stage.

The stimulation treatment was pumped in the middle of the arctic winter, placing 580,000 lbm of 16/20 mesh ceramic proppant. The amount and placement of sequenced fracturing diversion material, consisting of a composite fluid with multimodal degradable particles and fibers, was adjusted based upon the surface pressure responses throughout the treatment. High-frequency pressure monitoring data revealed a shift in the fracture initiation along the lateral, and post-fracturing production exceeded expectations at 1,500 BOPD and stabilized near 300 BOPD, which is on par with project expectations.

High-frequency pressure monitoring applied to the evaluation of fracturing operations is still in its infancy, and there are limitations of this technique for wells with open hole completions. Combining high frequency pressure monitoring, ISIP data and post frac production data, it appears that sequencing fracturing diversion material can help to initiate more than one unique fracture.
An Investigation into Proppant Dynamics in Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Ray Baidurja , Lewis Chris , Martysevich Vladimir , Shetty Dinesh A. , Walters Harold G. , Bai Jie , Ma Jianfu
Published: January 2017

Effective proppant placement during hydraulic fracturing is essential to obtain maximum stimulation effectiveness. Understanding proppant placement requires the understanding of the time and space dependent dynamics of proppant motion in fluids, which include the phenomena of proppant transport, bridging, settling, and resuspension. This paper proposes a laboratory test method that can be used to investigate any aspect of proppant dynamics in a variety of channel configurations and fracturing fluids. 3D printing technology is used to rapidly manufacture channel flow devices of various dimensions. After a 3D printer is available, such manufacturing is extremely inexpensive with rapid turn-around times. These channels, in conjunction with laboratory scale pumps and blenders, are used to investigate proppant transport and bridging, settling, and resuspension in various fracturing fluids. Several different channel configurations, ranging from uniform width to uniform tapered, are used to investigate the dynamics of small and large diameter proppants with fluids ranging from water to linear gels. The results from these experiments are compared with numerical models for validation, and in some cases, calibration of model inputs, that can ultimately lead to improved fracturing treatment design and understanding. In addition, the paper provides a comparison to existing data (Patankar et al. 2002) to validate settling and resuspension models.
Experimental Study of Proppant Transport in Horizontal Wellbore Using Fresh Water
Authors: Ngameni Kamga L. , Miskimins Jennifer L. , Abass Hazim H. , Cherrian Bilu
Published: January 2017

Proppant transport in hydraulic fractures has been studied by numerous authors in the oil and gas industry, however, very little research has been conducted to evaluate proppant transport in horizontal wellbores and through perforation clusters prior to fracture entrance. With the extensive use of water and slickwater systems in the stimulation of unconventional reservoirs, an understanding of how proppant behaves as it is being transported by these fluids in horizontal wellbores and between perforation clusters would be beneficial.

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of proppant distribution among perforation clusters in a horizontal wellbore. The work considers the settling nature of proppants in the wellbore and the amount of proppant exiting a given set of perforations. The experiments show that proppant distribution between perforation clusters is not even, and the main causes of the uneven distribution are variable flow velocity and the associated proppant type and size. The results also indicate that in most commonly used sand proppant systems (100 mesh, 40/70 mesh, and 20/40 mesh), significant amounts of sand are left in the wellbore even above calculated critical velocity values.
Current Regulatory Issues Regarding Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Gray Michael , Deutsch Nicholas , Marrero Melissa
Published: January 2017

This paper provides an assessment of federal, state, and local regulations and legal activity regarding hydraulic fracturing as of late 2016. It includes a post-election assessment of how some results are likely to further impact hydraulic fracturing. The analysis includes a review of recent court cases, pending legal challenges and appeals, relevant statutes, and recent environmental studies affecting hydraulic fracturing. The paper also discusses possible future regulatory trends, recommendations for practicing engineers, and suggestions for corporate policy decision makers.
New Age Fracture Mapping Diagnostic Tools-A STACK Case Study
Authors: Haustveit K. , Dahlgren K. , Greenwood H. , Peryam T. , Kennedy B. , Dawson M.
Published: January 2017

The application of learnings from an underground laboratory has led to significant completion changes in a world-class North American unconventional asset. Understanding the stimulated fracture geometry in unconventional reservoirs allows for optimal development of the asset. In this paper, we will review a case study comparing both new and commonly accepted technologies to quantify stimulated fracture geometry.

The technologies applied to improve the understanding of fracture geometry in this case study include fiber optic monitoring (Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Distributed Temperature Sensing), borehole microseismic, electromagnetic imaging, offset well pressure monitoring with IMAGE Frac technology, water hammer analysis, and fracture modeling. The validation tools used include a production interference test, Rate Transient Analysis (RTA), Oil Soluble Tracers (OST), and Fracture Fluid Identifiers (FFI).

Fiber optic monitoring was used to assess cluster efficiency, fluid and sand distribution per cluster and diverter effectiveness. Hydraulic half-lengths, heights, and fracture azimuth were estimated using a borehole microseismic system consisting of three vertical arrays and two horizontal arrays. Electromagnetic imaging provided insight on hydraulic half-length for 12 stages. Offset pressure monitoring provided hydraulic and propped half-lengths, heights, and fracture azimuth. The fracture model was calibrated using a diagnostic fracture injection test and vertical logs from the section of interest. Results from the technologies suggest an increase in well density is required to maximize the project net present value.

The offset well pressure data coupled with fiber optic monitoring led to optimization of diverter applications. A variety of completion variables were tested, including fluid design, proppant size, perforation designs and diverter types, results have been integrated into an improved completion design.
Analyzing ISIP Stage-by-Stage Escalation to Determine Fracture Height and Horizontal-Stress Anisotropy
Authors: Roussel Nicolas P.
Published: January 2017

ISIP Analysis is a novel analytical method that calculates the hydraulic height of induced fractures and the in-situ horizontal stress anisotropy from the evolution of instantaneous shut-in pressures during a multi-stage horizontal completion. The fracture height calculated will be smaller than what is measured through microseismic measurement, but larger than the propped and effective fracture height.

Because every frac stage contributes to increase minimum horizontal stress and reduce the formation's horizontal stress anisotropy, ISIP Analysis may be a useful tool to guide the spacing design of perforation clusters. Increased characterization of hydraulic fracture dimensions from ISIP Analysis also makes it a useful addition to any workflow looking to optimize well spacing and stacking in unconventional plays. Multiple formulations of the stress escalation equation were derived, as well as type-curves that relate hydraulic-fracture height to the parameters of the equation. ISIP Analysis consists in finding the unique combination of parameters of the stress escalation equation that best matches field ISIP data. Application of ISIP Analysis is illustrated in the paper using field data taken from wells in various shale formations across North America. It addresses key uncertainties in the design of unconventional field development and is being proposed as an inexpensive alternative to other stress/fracture diagnostic techniques. In addition, the method has been successfully used to design the number of perforation clusters and their spacing to reach a desired magnitude of stress interference during horizontal-well stimulation.

While other techniques such as microseismic monitoring, tracers, downhole tiltmeters, pressure gauges, may be utilized to characterize fracture dimensions, the main advantage of ISIP Analysis is the ability to be applied to a vast majority of wells, without additional hardware, operational delay, or any modification to the well or completion design. As a result of its simplicity, ISIP Analysis takes a trained completion engineer only a few minutes to complete.
Effect of Small Scale Heterogeneity on the Growth of Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Ouchi Hisanao , Agrawal Shivam , Foster John T. , Sharma Mukul M.
Published: January 2017

Most hydraulic fracturing models assume that the rock is homogeneous at a pore scale. However, reservoirs are highly heterogeneous at all length scales. Pore scale heterogeneity is evident from thin sections and scanning electron microscopic images (SEM). Heterogeneity at larger length scales is evident from logs and cores. In this paper, the effect of micro-scale (pore and core scale) heterogeneities caused by varying mineral composition and the presence of pores and microfractures, on fracture propagation has been investigated.

A model that solves the solid displacements and fluid pressures both inside and outside the fracture and allows for the creation and propagation of multiple fractures is presented. This peridynamics-based hydraulic fracturing model is used to model the growth of multiple, complex fractures in a heterogeneous rock. Thin section and SEM images of rocks are used to represent the geometry of the rock grains and the pores in several rock samples. Far-field stresses are then applied and a fluid induced fracture is propagated in the rock matrix.

The results of the model reveal that the stress distribution and the fracture geometry can be quite complex at the micro-scale. Fracture branching and turning is induced by variations in elastic moduli and stress concentration at the grain scale. The microstructure of the fracture is, therefore, determined by the geometry and distribution of mineral grains, their mechanical properties, and the initial stress anisotropy due to the co-existence of different mineral grains. A similar effect is observed at the core scale where differences in the microstructure of the rock can result in stress concentration at layer boundaries. For example, we show that the presence of a brittle mineral like calcite in the rock matrix causes fractures to branch at the mineral interface. Multiple fractures are shown to open, some that may not be in hydraulic contact with each other. As the fracture propagation continues, only the least tortuous path remains open. All other branches are bypassed hydraulically and are eventually closed. This fracture complexity occurs despite macroscopic stress anisotropy. Several examples of fracture propagation in rocks that are heterogeneous at a pore scale are provided to show that such fracture complexity should be expected in most lithologies.

These results clearly show that while we have traditionally represented fractures as planes perpendicular to the minimum horizontal stress, the fracture surfaces may indeed be much more complex due to existence of different minerals grains with widely different mechanical properties. Cracks can form away from the crack tip along planes of weakness. These damage zones resulting from strains induced by fracture propagation may explain the creation of the stimulated reservoir volume (regions of enhanced permeability) around fractures in shale reservoirs.
A Comparative Analysis of Rock Properties and Fracture Conductivity in Shale Plays
Authors: Kainer Cody , Guerra Dante , Zhu D. , Hill A. D.
Published: January 2017

To gain understanding of the mechanisms and rock properties which dominate fracture conductivity generation and decline, fracture conductivity behavior was investigated in several shale reservoirs in the laboratory to identify the main parameters that control the fracture conductivity. The comprehensive study investigated the conductivity behaviors of four shale plays, the Barnett, Fayetteville, Marcellus and Eagle Ford, by testing fracture conductivity as a function of closure stress using collected outcrop rock samples. Conductivity of fractured rock samples are measured using a modified API RP 61 procedure. In addition to conductivity, a plethora of rock properties such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, Brinell hardness, rock brittleness, and mineralogy are measured corresponding to each conductivity test sample. Other parameters considered in this study include proppant mesh size, proppant concentration, and fracture topography to see the resulting impact on conductivity. With all measurements, a multivariate analysis is carried out with the goal of seeking a correlation between fracture conductivity and the influential rock properties and treatment parameters. All results are cross-compared to identify similarities and differences between formations as well as the most important parameters influencing fracture conductivity relative to each formation.

The results indicate a positive trend between both Brinell hardness and Young's Modulus with fracture conductivity. Increased fracture face surface roughness is also found to have an overall decrease in conductivity in propped fractures. The influential parameters are different for different shale plays. Some parameters are more important in one formation but less influential in others. The observations are integrated into a preliminary simple correlation for conductivity behavior. The observations and results from this study clarify the similarity and differences in varying shale plays.
Improved Hydraulic Fracturing Perforation Efficiency Observed With Constant Entry Hole and Constant Penetration Perforating System
Authors: Cuthill David , Yang Wenbo , Hardesty John
Published: January 2017

Conventional perforating systems exhibit a distribution of perforation entry hole diameters around the circumference of the casing, when the system is decentralized within the wellbore. In the case of horizontal, limited entry, cluster style perforating operations the perforating system normally lies along the bottom of the casing. When hydraulically fracturing these intervals, perforation efficiency is difficult to predict since the entry hole diameters and perforation penetrations are not definitive.

A perforating system has been developed which provides a consistent entrance hole diameter and formation penetration independent of the clearance between the perforating carrier and casing. The system has been engineered to provide optimal perforation placement and to ensure that every perforation is the same regardless of circumferential position. The system provides a somewhat shallower penetration depth than conventional charges but some data suggests that depth of penetration may not significantly impact unconventional fracturing operations.

The system has been field tested in well over 5000 stages in a variety of unconventional resource field applications. Direct comparisons with conventional perforating systems show improved perforation efficiency as observed through step rate test analysis conducted during hydraulic fracturing operations.

Case studies are presented which illustrate the impact of having all perforations with a consistent penetration and constant entry hole diameter. With each individual perforation configured identically, no one perforation can dominate during hydraulic fracturing operations, and as a result more perforations may contribute to fracture development.
Change of paradigm in the aortic arch reconstruction – “warm head – cool body”
Authors: Rosseykin E. , Evdokimov M. , Bazylev V. , Batrakov P. , Kobzev E. , Gebgart T.
Published: January 2017

Aim. The article focuses on the immediate outcomes of a new technology implemented in total reconstruction of the aortic arch and its branches. Methods. From January 2014 to July 2016 56 patients underwent aortic arch reconstruction by the proposed new technology. The age was from 23 till 73 years (median 57,5). Indications for aortic arch reconstruction were an aneurysm of the aortic arch (32 patients, 57 %), acute (8 patients, 14 %) and DeBakey Types 1 and 2 chronic dissection (16 patients, 29 %). The proposed technology of aortic arch reconstruction included four interrelated components: 1) total individual antegrade cerebral perfusion in the normothermic mode; 2) a system of two independent circuits of perfusion; 3) original method of prosthetic aortic arch branches in reverse order (“Opposite Branch First Technique”); 4) Penza aortic cannulation technique (“Penza Cannulation”).Results. No in-hospital mortality was observed. There were two cases of neurological deficit in the immediate postoperative period, associated with atrial fibrillation. CPB time was 177.5 (92-312) minutes. The time of ASCP was 145 (78-220) min. Intraoperative blood loss was 626.5 (300-3200) ml. Patients were extubated 8.9 (3.6-106.8) hours after surgery and held 3 (2-23) days in ICU.Conclusion. The proposed technology of aortic arch reconstruction is a radical, universal and individual method. It shows good clinical results without in-hospital mortality. This method allows for using the technique of “open distal anastomosis” simultaneously with normothermic cerebral perfusion.Received 26 October 2016. Accepted 14 December 2016.Funding: The study had no sponsorship.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsConceptualization and study design: Rosseykin E.V., Evdokimov M.E., Bazylev V.V.Material acquisition and analysis: Evdokimov M.E., Batrakov P.A., Gebgart T.V.Statistical data processing: Evdokimov M.E., Batrakov P.A., Kobzev E.E.Article writing: Evdokimov M.E., Batrakov P.A. Review & editing: Evdokimov M.E., Rosseykin E.V., Bazylev V.V.
Cerebral and visceral organ protection during aortic arch surgery. Intraoperative tactics and monitoring details
Authors: Belov Yu. , Charchyan E. , Akselyrod B. , Gusykov D. , Fedulova S. , Eremenko A. , Skvorcov  A. , Hachatryan Z. , Medvedeva L. , Oystrah A.
Published: January 2017

Aim. The study is aimed at presenting the protocol of intraoperative organ protection, analyzing its effectiveness during aortic arch surgery and evaluating the rate of postoperative complications in this group of patients. Methods. The study included 141 patients. In the first group (n=70) patients underwent aortic arch surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest (target core temperature 26 °C) and antegrade cerebral perfusion. Patients of the second group (n=71) underwent ascending aortic replacement using cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia (target core temperature 32 °C). Cerebral and tissue oxygenation monitoring was performed in all the cases. In the first group transcranial Doppler monitoring was also performed. 33 patients in the first group and 34 patients in the second group underwent testing before and after surgery in order to evaluate cognitive function. Patients’ condition was evaluated during the in-hospital period that was about 15.97±20.54 days. Results. In-hospital mortality rate was 4,2 % in the first group and 0% in the second one (p=0.12). Stroke was observed in 1.4 and 0 % of cases respectively. The rate of encephalopathy (as the leading symptom) was 7.1 and 5.6 % in 1st and 2nd groups respectively. Multimodal monitoring enabled to dynamically adjust the flow rate of antegrade cerebral perfusion. As a result, cerebral SctO2 and linear velocity were maintained within the acceptable range.Conclusion. The presented protocol proved to be effective, it allows to perform aortic arch surgery with the same postoperative neurological complications’ rate as after ascending aortic replacement. We recommend performing reconstructive aortic arch surgery by using moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (26-28 °С) and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. In this modality, it is important to perform the distal anastomosis quickly and start patient’s rewarming (this will significantly shorten the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and, as a result, decrease the rate of postoperative complications) and to carry out both precise intraoperative monitoring of the brain condition (by using cerebral oxymetry and transcranial Doppler) and central core temperature.Received 21 June 2016. Accepted 21 October 2016.Funding: The study had no sponsorship.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsConceptualization and study design: Belov Yu.V., Charchyan E.R., Akselrod B.A.Material acquisition and analysis: Khachatryan Z.R., Oystrakh A.S., Medvedeva L.A., Guskov D.A., Fedulova S.V.Statistical data processing: Khachatryan Z.R., Guskov D.A., Skvortsov A.A.Article writing: Akselrod B.A., Khachatryan Z.R., Skvortsov A.A. Review & editing: Charchyan E.R., Akselrod B.A., Eremenko A.A., Belov Yu.V.
Investigation of cardiotoxic effect of A-1 apo + D actinomycin complex on isolated rat heart
Authors: Knyazev R. , Trifonova N. , Kolpakov A. , Polyakov L.
Published: January 2017

Aim. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treating malformations. However, this technique causes a great deal of side effects, among which are complications related to cardiac toxicity. Development of new anticancer drugs is directly related to a decrease in the general toxic effect on the organism and the cardiovascular system in particular. The aim of the study was to investigate the capability of apolipoprotein A-1 together with an anticancer drug, actinomycin D, to induce functional disturbances in the performance of an isolated rat heart and to compare the effect with that of pure actinomycin D. Methods. For experiments use was made of Wistar male rats weighing 220-250 g. A modified Krebbs-Henseleit buffer saturated with carbogene (95 % O2 and 5 % CO2, solution temperature 37.5 °C) was used as perfusate. Experiments were conducted on isolated rat hearts. The isolated rat hearts were perfused retrogradely by a standard procedure, with isovolumic pressure registered in the left ventricle. Apolipoprotein A-I was isolated of human high-density lipoprotein by delipidating followed by separation of the proteins mix by means of column chromatography. In the experiment, apolipoprotein A-I- was mixed with actinomycin D, with concentration of the anticancer drug in the complex being 0.1 µg/ml.Results. Actinomycin D with concentration 1 µg/ml aggravates the functional indicators of the heart and enhances energy load on the myocardium. Decreasing the concentration of cytostatic down to 0.1 µg/ml of perfusate brings the indicators to the baseline values. Apolipoprotein A-I combined with actinomycin D offsets the changes introduced by the cytostatic without a carrier. The complex improves hemodynamics, which can be interpreted by the presence of a protein component.Conclusion. An isolated rat heart model shows that apolipoprotein A-I in combination with 0.1 µg/ml actinomycin D does not cause cardio toxicity. The complex improves myocardial efficiency through the use of the protein component as a carrier of the anticancer drug.Received 15 November 2016. Accepted 30 November 2016.Funding: The research was supported by the federal budget project implemented by Research Institute of Biochemistry, Reg. R-085.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsConceptualization and study design: Kolpakov AR. Сбор и обработка материала: Knyazev R.A., Trifonova N.V.Statistical data processing: Knyazev R.A.Article writing: Knyazev R.A.Review & editing: Polyakov L.M.
Identification of the Mechanical Properties of Tires for Wheelchair Simulation
Authors: Doria Alberto , Taraborrelli Luca , Jomaa Tarek , Peijs Tom , Potter Mario , Advani Sunjoo , Crichlow Larry
Published: January 2017

The development of high performance wheelchairs and wheelchair simulators requires dynamic models taking into account the properties of tires. In this paper the properties of two wheelchair tires are measured by means of a rotating disc testing machine and are compared with the properties of bicycle tires, which have similar dimensions and structure. Tests are carried out considering variations in speed, inflation pressure and load. The possibility of fitting experimental results with the Magic Formula, the Dugoff formula and a linear model is discussed. A dynamic model of a wheelchair is developed, which includes a linear tire model derived from experimental results. Steady turning and slalom manoeuvres are simulated. Numerical results show the effect of tire properties on the handling characteristics of the wheelchair.
DUAL MOBILITY ACETABULAR COMPONENT AS A WAY TO PREVENT HEAD DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
Authors: Shilnikov V. A. , Baiborodov A. B. , Denisov A. O. , Efimov N. N.
Published: January 2017

Prevention of femoral head dislocation is becoming one of the most important tasks in view of increased number of total hip replacement procedures throughout the world. The purpose of the present work is to acquaint the surgeons with possibilities and the first experience of dual mobility acetabular component application as the most up-to-date solution to prevent dislocation of the femoral head in primary or revision arthroplasties. The paper is based on the literature data and presents a critical analysis of the causes of femoral head dislocation during hip replacement. The authors considered historical aspects and the first outcomes of dual mobility use in the European and Western countries, as well as own positive clinical experience with dual mobility system during a study of 36 patients with an increased risk of femoral head dislocation.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FAILED TENDON AUTO- AND ALLOGRAFTS AFTER ACL RECONSTRUCTION IN EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors: Rybin A. V. , Kuznetsov I. A. , Rumakin V. P. , Netylko G. I. , Lomaya M. P.
Published: January 2017

Purpose of the study – search for morphological cause of failure for free tendon auto and allografts after ACL reconstruction of the knee joint in early postoperative period during in vivo experiment. Materials and methods. Experiment included two groups of rabbits, each group consisting of 9 animals. In the first group the authors performed ACL autografting by semitendinous tendon harvested from operated limb. In the second group, ACL allografting was made by foot flexor tendon harvested earlier in rabbits excluded from present or other experiments after pretreatment and sterilization in modified Belyakov’s medium. Results. The major cause for failure of ACL tendon grafts after reconstruction in early postoperative period is the necrosis of intraarticular portion of auto or allograft on the 15th day after the procedure. In case of overexposure of the graft in early period the authors observed rupture along intraarticular portion or - more probable - along the demarcation area (serrated line) rather than graft slipping from bone tunnel with slackening. Intra-tunnel graft portion during first several days after the procedure became surrounded by granulated tissue in contrast to intraarticular portion that remained bare of such support. Conclusion. Comparative experimental and morphological study of two options of ACL reconstruction demonstrated a uniformity of alterations in dynamics with a certain delay in development of compensatory and adaptive processes after allografting. Necrosis (or homogenization) of intraarticular portion of auto or allograft is the cause for potential failure of ACL reconstruction in case of an extremely early and unjustified active rehabilitation.
Presentación
Authors: Reyes-Castillo Pedro
Published: January 2017

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Una nueva especie de Malaxis (Orchidaceae) de flores grandes del norte de Chiapas
Authors: Salazar Chavez Gerardo A. , Soto Arenas Miguel A.
Published: January 2017

Se describe la nueva especie Malaxis greenwoodiana Salazar y Soto Arenas, notable por presentar flores desusadamente grandes para el género. Es similar a M. lepanthiflora (Schltr.) Ames, del sur de Chiapas, Guatemala y El Salvador, pero se distingue de ella por la forma de los lóbulos basales del labelo y de los pétalos. Hasta ahora sólo ha sido colectada en una zona del norte de Chiapas conocida como la Selva Negra.
La familia Asteraceae en la Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes
Authors: Villaseñor José Luis , Ortiz Enrique
Published: January 2017

Con base en ejemplares de herbario recolectados, identificados y georreferenciados provenientes del territorio considerado por el proyecto Flora del Bajío y de regiones adyacentes, se analiza la riqueza de Asteraceae conocida en dicha región. Utilizando una división de la región en cuadros de 0.5° x 0.5°, el objetivo fue identificar los sitios de alta diversidad para la familia. La región tiene documentadas, con los ejemplares de herbario revisados, 681 especies de Asteraceae, distribuidas en 182 géneros; aquellos con mayor número de especies sonAgeratina (39), Stevia (31), Verbesina (29) y Acourtia (27), mientras que 82 registran una sola. En promedio se encontró una proporción de 3.7 especies por género. Querétaro es la entidad federativa que más especies registró (504), seguida de Michoacán (490) y Guanajuato (389). Análisis estadísticos proyectan la existencia de 773 especies para la región de estudio, de las cuales se han registrado 681 (88% de las especies esperadas; de ese porcentaje faltante, al menos 66 (67%) han sido reportadas de alguna parte del Bajío y regiones adyacentes, pero hasta la fecha no se han observado ejemplares de herbario que respalden su presencia. Se evalúa la riqueza por cuadro y se proponen algunos considerados importantes para llevar a cabo futuras estrategias de conservación con base en los patrones de riqueza encontrados.
Pisonia calafia (Nyctaginaceae) especie nueva de la Península de Baja California, México
Authors: León de la Luz José Luis , Levin Rachel A.
Published: January 2017

El género Pisonia es primordialmente americano, se distribuye principalmente en regiones subtropicales y tropicales. En este trabajo se describe y documenta la nueva especie Pisonia calafia. Este taxon consiste de una relativamente pequeña población en la costa de la región de Los Cabos en la península de Baja California. La principal característica que diferencia a P. calafia del resto de las especies de este género es la carencia de sulcos y glándulas en el fruto. En adición a la descripción morfológica, se documenta la afinidad evolutiva del nuevo taxon con base en el análisis filogenético de la secuencia de nrITS. Las poblaciones conocidas consisten de unas pocas docenas de individuos, seriamente amenazados por el desarrollo de proyectos turísticos en la zona.
Sinopsis de Digitaria (Paniceae, Panicoideae, Poaceae) en Mexico, incluyendo la nueva especie Digitaria michoacanensis
Authors: Sánchez-Ken J. Gabriel
Published: January 2017

Se describe Digitaria michoacanensis una nueva especie del norte de Michoacán y áreas adyacentes del estado de México, en la región centro-oeste de México. En espera de una clasificación filogenética infragenérica actualizada, la nueva especie puede ser clasificada en el grupo Ternata con espiguillas en grupos de tres o más. Se provee una sinopsis y una clave para las especies mexicanas del género Digitaria.
Dos especies nuevas de Compositae, Eupatorieae de México
Authors: Rzedowski Jerzy , Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela
Published: January 2017

Se describen como nuevas e ilustran dos especies mexicanas de Compositae-Eupatorieae.Brickellia leonis, de Michoacán, pertenece al grupo anteriormente separado como géneroKuhnia en virtud de sus cerdas plumosas del vilano y parece estar relacionada con B. adenolepis (B. L. Rob.) Shinners. Oxylobus juarezensis, conocido de una sola colecta de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca, se vincula más cercanamente con O. oaxacanus Blake.
Micromorfología foliar del género Quercus (Fagaceae) en México
Authors: Scareli-Santos Claudia , L. María , González-Rodríguez Antonio , Oyama Ken
Published: January 2017

México es el principal centro de diversidad del género Quercus en el Hemisferio Occidental. A pesar de los avances recientes en el conocimiento de los encinos mexicanos, aún existe cierto grado de confusión taxonómica, particularmente dentro de algunos complejos de especies. En este estudio se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido para describir las estructuras micromorfológicas foliares (tricomas, ceras epicuticulares y estomas) de ambas superficies foliares (haz y envés) en representantes seleccionados de encinos mexicanos, con el objetivo de evaluar la utilidad taxonómica de estos caracteres. En total se examinaron 27 especies, pertenecientes a las secciones Quercus (encinos blancos) y Lobatae (encinos rojos y negros), incluyendo varios grupos de plantas cercanamente relacionadas con problemas de delimitación taxonómica, así como especies que presentan hibridación. Se encontraron varios tipos de tricomas, tanto los de tipo glandular (simples y bulbosos) como los no glandulares (solitarios, multirradiados, estrellados, estrellados fusionados y fasciculado estipitados). Las ceras epicuticulares se observaron en forma de capas, capas fisuradas, costras, gránulos, placas y placas en rosetas. Los estomas fueron elípticos y se encontraron elevados con respecto a la superficie foliar o al mismo nivel que ésta. Entre los tres tipos de estructuras examinadas, los tricomas fueron los más útiles para propósitos taxonómicos, seguidos por las ceras epicuticulares. Todas las especies tuvieron diferentes combinaciones de estados de carácter para estas estructuras micromorfológicas, lo que permitió la elaboración de claves para identificar a las especies dentro de los grupos problemáticos.
Los fenoles del polen del género Zea
Authors: Almaraz-Abarca Norma , Rivera-Rodríguez Diana María , Arráez-Román David , Segura-Carretero Antonio , Sánchez-González José de Jesús , Delgado-Alvarado Amanda , Ávila-Reyes José Antonio
Published: January 2017

Se analizó la variabilidad de la composición fenólica del polen de 32 poblaciones de Zea mays subsp. mexicana, Zea mays subsp. parviglumis, Zea mays subsp. mays, Zea diploperennis, Zea perennis yZea luxurians de México y Guatemala. Los perfiles se obtuvieron por cromatografía líquida de alta presión con detector de arreglo de diodos (HPLC-DAD) y cromatografía líquida de ultra resolución acoplada a espectrómetro de masas de tiempo de vuelo (UPLC-TOF-MS). Se encontró un total de 23 compuestos fenólicos (cuatro ácidos fenólicos, 16 flavonoles y tres dihidroflavonoides). Los derivados glicósidos de quercetina (siete derivados, además de la quercetina aglicona misma) fueron las substancias predominantes en todos los analisis realizados. El compuesto principal, el más abundante y presente en la totalidad de las muestras, incluido el maíz, se identificó como quercetina-3,3’-O-diglucósido. El polen de todas las especies y subespecies de Zea analizadas mostraron patrones muy similares de fenoles acumulados; sin embargo, diferencias en los compuestos menores (ácidos fenólicos y dihidroflavonoides) permitieron discernir variaciones inter e intraespecíficas, aunque la división del género en las dos secciones Luxuriantes y Zea no fue claramente sustentada. La baja variación de los perfiles fenólicos del polen dentro del género Zea apoya la propuesta de que el maíz y algunos teocintles son grupos conespecíficos, e indica que la composición fenólica del polen fue altamente conservada en los diferentes taxa de Zea a lo largo del tiempo.
Nota sobre nuevas localidades de poblaciones silvestres del Zapote prieto (Diospyros xolocotzii, Ebenaceae), especie amenazada del occidente de México
Authors: Torres Ignacio , Arizaga Santiago
Published: January 2017

Se documentan tres nuevas localidades del zapote prieto o aguacatillo (Diospyros xolocotzii Madrigal & Rzedowski), una especie críticamente amenazada, así como su estructura poblacional y su hábitat. Dos de ellas son restos de poblaciones silvestres del zapote prieto en el estado de Michoacán. Una está representada por un solo individuo ubicado en el traspatio de una propiedad en Santa María de Guido. La otra está conformada por cinco árboles en una parcela agrícola de Santiago Undameo. Ambas localidades pertenecen al municipio de Morelia. Por el contrario, la tercera corresponde a la población silvestre más conservada hasta ahora conocida en el país de D. xolocotzii, la cual cuenta con alrededor de 1500 individuos. Se ubica hacia el norte de la cuenca del lago de Cuitzeo, dentro de una barranca en la localidad de San José de Las Pilas, municipio de Acámbaro, Guanajuato.
Siete nuevas especies de Malpighiaceae neotropicales
Authors: Anderson William R.
Published: January 2017

Se describen como nuevas siete especies de Malpighiaceae neotropicales: Aspicarpa steinmannii, Bunchosia breedlovei y Bunchosia cruciana de México; Bunchosia soejartoi, Lophanthera marcelae y Mascagnia corymbosa de Colombia; y Heteropterys tiinae de Perú.
Nota complementaria al trabajo "Seis novedades de Leguminosae-Papilionoideae de México"
Authors: Rzedowski Jerzy
Published: January 2017

En el número 110 de Acta Botanica Mexicana (pp. 1-19) se publicó el artículo intitulado “Seis novedades de Leguminosae-Papilionoideae de México”, pero en su texto quedó incompleta la parte correspondiente a la descripción de la especie nueva Dalea estoraxana Rzed. & Calderón, por lo que ésta no está cumpliendo con los requisitos del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botánica.
Nuevo registro y datos de Rhodocollybia popayanica (Agaricales: Omphalotaceae) de México
Authors: Villarruel-Ordaz José Luis , Cifuentes Joaquín
Published: January 2017

Se describe a Rhodocollybia popayanica como nuevo registro de la micobiota mexicana en los estados de Chiapas, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán y Nayarit. Los especímenes estudiados concuerdan con las descripciones de Colombia y Costa Rica. Con este registro México llega a ser el límite septentrional de la distribución neotropical de esta especie.
Estructura y diversidad del matorral submontano contiguo al área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
Authors: Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Jiménez-Pérez Javier , Mora-Olivo Arturo , Martínez-Ávalos José Guadalupe , Mata-Balderas José Manuel , Chávez-Costa Alejandro Collantes , Rubio-Camacho Ernesto A.
Published: January 2017

En este estudio se evaluaron la estructura y la diversidad del matorral submontano limítrofe con la porción occidental del área metropolitana de Monterrey, México. Se determinó la composición y la diversidad de la vegetación mediante el establecimiento de 41 parcelas de 100 m2 cada una. Se censaron todos los árboles y arbustos con un diámetro basal (d0.10) ≥0.5 cm, incluyendo a las plantas suculentas; además, se midió el diámetro de copa (dcopa), para cada especie. Se calcularon los índices de Margalef (DMg) y de Shannon (H´) para determinar la riqueza y la diversidad de especies, respectivamente. Se registraron 45 especies, 39 géneros y 18 familias. La familia Fabaceae fue la que presentó más taxones (12), seguida de Cactaceae (5), Euphorbiacae, Rhamnaceae, Rutaceae y Verbenaceae (3), las cuales constituyen en conjunto 64.44% de la flora registrada para la zona de estudio. En cuanto a la dominancia (Dr); las Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae y Verbenaceae sumaron 64.08% de los valores del Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) en la comunidad. Este matorral presenta una densidad de 3629 ind./ha-1 y una cobertura de copas de 6629 m2/ha-1. Acacia amentacea y Zanthoxylum fagara fueron las más importantes al acumular entre ellas 25.87% de los valores del IVI en la localidad. La curva de rango/abundancia de especies se ajustó a una función log-normal, característica de la vegetación madura. La comunidad estudiada presenta una alta diversidad y riqueza de especies en comparación con otras asociaciones vegetales de climas áridos y semiáridos del noreste de México. Los atributos de estructura y diversidad documentados en este estudio indican que el matorral submontano contiguo a la ciudad de Monterrey está bien conservado y en una fase de sucesión madura, por lo que es urgente proponer estrategias para su conservación.
Nota sobre el redescubrimiento de Tigridia hintonii (Tigridieae: Iridaceae) en el estado de Guerrero, México
Authors: Munguía-Lino Guadalupe , Castro-Castro Arturo , Rodríguez Aarón
Published: January 2017

Se documenta un registro nuevo de Tigridia hintonii (Iridaceae) en el estado de Guerrero, México. George B. Hinton la recolectó por primera y única vez en octubre de 1936 en Fresnos, Distrito de Mina, Zirándaro, Guerrero. Desde entonces no se habían encontrado otros ejemplares del taxon hasta el año 2012. Se incluye una descripción morfológica completa e imágenes. Además, se ofrecen datos sobre su distribución, hábitat, estado de conservación y fenología.