bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growing Kratky Basil in Trombe Wall Cavity: Energy Performance
Authors: Borys Bohoshevych Iryna , Fukuda Hiroatsu
Published: December 2024

This year-long experimental study, conducted in Kitakyushu, Japan, evaluates the performance of a retrofitted Trombe wall designed to cultivate hydroponically grown basil plants, aiming to enhance its year-round usability. The results show that the addition of plants reduced overheating and moderated temperature fluctuations, but also led to a 30.2% decrease in absorption and a 49.4% decrease in dissipation efficiency compared to a traditional Trombe wall. Seasonal variations influenced the suitability of the space for cultivation, with optimal conditions occurring in spring and summer, while autumn and winter posed challenges due to extreme temperature fluctuations. The daily energy balance was largely unaffected by factors such as leaf transpiration, spontaneous evaporation, additional ventilation, or increased appliance use, as these were overshadowed by the primary thermal processes: solar gains and conductive losses. Although the modified TW still provided passive heating, its energy output was reduced to approximately 10,000 MJ annually, compared to the baseline 14,000 MJ. The study suggests that alternative designs, including increased thermal mass, improved ventilation and better plant selection and could improve both cultivation and energy efficiency. Ultimately, while the green TW is best suited for seasonal use, it offers ecological and social benefits, such as local food production and CO2 fixation, highlighting its potential for integration into sustainable architectural practices.
Game Theory-Based Comparison of Disaster Risk Assessment for Two Landfall Typhoons: A Case Study of Jilin Province’s Impact
Authors: Dong Zhennan , Zhu Dan , Zhang Yichen , Zhang Jiquan , Yang Xiufeng , Huang Fanfan
Published: December 2024

Utilizing the best typhoon track data, district and county scale disaster data in Jilin Province, meteorological data, and geographical data, the combined weighting method of AHP-EWM (Analytic Hierarchy Process–Entropy Weight Method) and game theory is employed to conduct a comprehensive risk analysis and comparison of the disaster risk caused by two typhoons, Maysak and Haishen, in Jilin Province. Game theory enhances precision in evaluation beyond conventional approaches, effectively addressing the shortcomings of both subjective and objective weighting methods. Typhoon Maysak and Typhoon Haishen exhibit analogous tracks. They have successively exerted an impact on Jilin Province, and the phenomenon of overlapping rain areas is a crucial factor in triggering disasters. Typhoon Maysak features stronger wind force and greater hourly rainfall intensity, while Typhoon Haishen has a longer duration of rainfall. Additionally, Typhoon Maysak causes more severe disasters in Jilin Province. With regard to the four dimensions of disaster risk, the analysis of hazards reveals that the areas categorized as high risk and above in relation to the two typhoons are mainly located in the central-southern and eastern regions of Jilin Province. Typhoon Maysak has a slightly higher hazard level. During the exposure assessment, it was determined that the high-risk areas occupied 16% of the gross area of Jilin Province. It is mainly concentrated in three economically developed cities, as well as some large agricultural counties. In the context of vulnerability analysis, regions classified as high risk and above constitute 54% of the overall area. The areas classified as having high vulnerability are predominantly located in Yushu, Nong’an, and Songyuan. From the analysis of emergency response and recovery ability, Changchun has strong typhoon disaster prevention and reduction ability. This is proportional to the local level of economic development. The mountainous areas in the east and the regions to the west are comparatively weak. Finally, the comprehensive typhoon disaster risk zoning indicates that the zoning of the two typhoons is relatively comparable. When it comes to high-risk and above areas, Typhoon Maysak accounts for 38% of the total area, while Typhoon Haishen occupies 47%. The regions with low risk are predominantly found in Changchun, across the majority of Baicheng, and at the intersection of Baishan and Jilin. Upon comparing the disasters induced by two typhoons in Jilin Province, it was observed that the disasters caused by Typhoon Maysak were considerably more severe than those caused by Typhoon Haishen. This finding aligns with the intense wind and heavy rainfall brought by Typhoon Maysak.
Curcumin Protects Against PM2.5−Induced Pulmonary Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses by Blocking VEGFA and Renin−Angiotensin System (RAS) Components Expression
Authors: Xu Huan , Wang Haoyang , Zhang Chongchong , Liu Zhihui , Wen Qing , Song Lun
Published: December 2024

Fine particulate matter (PM) 2.5 is the main component of air pollution causing pathological responses primarily in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Therefore, it is urgent to explore valid strategies to inhibit the adverse reactions induced by PM2.5. In our previous studies, we have revealed that intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 evoked airway remodeling, pulmonary inflammatory, and oxidative stress responses in rat lungs by upregulating VEGFA levels in bronchial epithelial cells and by activating ANGII/AT1R axis activation in vascular endothelial cells. The same results were obtained when human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas−2B) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cells were exposed to PM2.5 in vitro. Curcumin is a dietary polyphenol with protective properties, including anti−inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aims to determine the potential role of curcumin in protecting against PM2.5−induced adverse responses in the bronchial epithelium and vascular endothelium and the mechanism involved. To this end, we pretreated cells with curcumin (diluted 1000 times in sterile saline) for 2 h and then exposed them to PM2.5. Our results from RT−PCR, a luciferase reporter assay, and ELISA indicated that curcumin pretreatment effectively inhibited PM2.5−induced VEGFA elevation in Beas−2B cells by over 60% via blocking HIF1α accumulation and HIF1 transactivity, Moreover, curcumin also exerted a protective role in suppressing PM2.5−induced ANGII/AT1R axis components expression in HUVEC by over 90% via targeting the transcriptional factors, AP−1 and HIF1. Under the same conditions, curcumin pretreatment also blocked the downstream signaling events following ANGII/AT1R pathway activation, the increase in chemokines and cell adhesion molecules (sICAM−1, VCAM−1, E−Selectin, P−Selectin, IL−8, MCP−1) that drive monocyte−endothelial cell adhesion, as well as the elevated production of oxidative stress mediators (ROS and MDA) in HUVECs according to the data from immunofluorescence and flow cytometric assays. Most importantly, administration of curcumin resulted in an 80% reduction of the HIF1− and AP−1−dependent upregulation of VEGFA and AGT/AT1R axis components and impeding the resultant pro−inflammatory and oxidative responses in the lung of the rats exposed to PM2.5. Taking these data together, we disclosed the important role and mechanism of curcumin in protecting against PM2.5−induced adverse reactions in the bronchial epithelium and vascular endothelium. Curcumin might be used as a feasible and safe dietary agent to reduce the health risk of PM2.5.
Effects of the Species Number of Hydrometeors on the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015)
Authors: Pang Simin , Li Jiangnan , Guo Tianyun , Chen Jianfei
Published: December 2024

Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) was simulated using the WRF-ARW model version 4.1 with the WSM3, WSM5, WSM6, and WSM7 microphysics schemes, which include 3, 5, 6, and 7 hydrometeor classes, respectively. This study investigated the species number of hydrometeors (SNHs) from simple to complex on the rapid intensification (RI) of a tropical cyclone (TC). SNHs significantly affected the distribution of hydrometeors, microphysical conversion processes (MCPs), latent heat budget, and the interaction between thermal and dynamic processes, thereby influencing the RI. Different SNHs resulted in varied MCPs and a latent heat budget. The WSM3 and WSM5 schemes share the same top three dominating MCPs: condensation of cloud water (COND), accretion of cloud water by rain (RACW), and evaporation of rain (REVP). COND, accretion of cloud water by graupel (GACR), and RACW contributed to the WSM6 scheme. The WSM7 scheme included hail, with contributions from the instantaneous melting of snow, graupel, and COND, respectively. The dominating latent cooling processes were identical, while in different orders, which were evaporation of rain (REVP), sublimation of snow (SSUB), and evaporation of cloud water (CEVP) in the WSM3 and WSM5 schemes; while CEVP, REVP, and SSUB were in the WSM6 and WSM7. The interaction between thermal and dynamic processes was ultimately responsible for the RI. The WSM6 scheme presented an excellent latent heating rate, warm-core structure, and secondary circulation, which enhanced convection and absolute angular momentum transportation, and further indicating RI. The results highlighted the importance of an adequate complexity microphysics scheme to better reproduce the RI.
Air PM10,2.5 Removal by Urban Green Space Under Urban Realistic Stressors
Authors: Sun Yimei , Guan Yilei , Zhang Bingjie , Zhou Yi , Du Linghan , Zhu Chunyang
Published: December 2024

Urbanization has significantly altered the ecological resources, functions, and services, thereby imposing specific constraints on particulate matter (PM) mitigation through green spaces. To investigate the effect of green spaces on mitigating PM10,2.5 under multiple urban stressors, this study employed combined remote sensing imagery and small-scale quantitative measurements to identify the PM within green space and street tree, and their PM differences with the square underlying surface according to a continuous scale of 60~3000 m. The results indicated that urban stressors significantly influenced air PM10 and PM2.5 mitigation, with stressors LST (land surface temperature) and RD (traffic road density) as key stressors on air PM10, while LST, ISA (impervious surface area), BH (building height), NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), GA (green space area), and WA (water body area) were key stressors on air PM2.5. Furthermore, stressors exhibited a significant scale effect on air PM10,2.5 mitigation; for air PM2.5, stressors ISA, RD, BH and BD (building density) had a notable impact on air PM2.5 mitigation at 1500~3000 m scales, while NDVI, GA, and WA showed a significant impact at 450~600 m. For air PM10, stressors ISA, BH, NDVI, and GA revealed a continuous scale effect, with the key scales occurring at 450 m and 3000 m. In summary, urbanization stressors can combine to affect air PM10 and PM2.5 mitigation by green spaces, especially at different spatial scales, to provide practical guidance for urban planning.
Semi-Open Set Object Detection Algorithm Leveraged by Multi-Modal Large Language Models
Authors: Wu Kewei , Wang Yiran , He Xiaogang , Yan Jinyu , Guo Yang , Jiang Zhuqing , Zhang Xing , Wang Wei , Xiong Yongping , Men Aidong , Xiao Li
Published: December 2024

Currently, closed-set object detection models represented by YOLO are widely deployed in the industrial field. However, such closed-set models lack sufficient tuning ability for easily confused objects in complex detection scenarios. Open-set object detection models such as GroundingDINO expand the detection range to a certain extent, but they still have a gap in detection accuracy compared with closed-set detection models and cannot meet the requirements for high-precision detection in practical applications. In addition, existing detection technologies are also insufficient in interpretability, making it difficult to clearly show users the basis and process of judgment of detection results, causing users to have doubts about the trust and application of detection results. Based on the above deficiencies, we propose a new object detection algorithm based on multi-modal large language models that significantly improves the detection effect of closed-set object detection models for more difficult boundary tasks while ensuring detection accuracy, thereby achieving a semi-open set object detection algorithm. It has significant improvements in accuracy and interpretability under the verification of seven common traffic and safety production scenarios.
PSR-LeafNet: A Deep Learning Framework for Identifying Medicinal Plant Leaves Using Support Vector Machines
Authors: Sekharamantry Praveen Kumar , Rao Marada Srinivasa , Srinivas Yarramalle , Uriti Archana
Published: December 2024

In computer vision, recognizing plant pictures has emerged as a multidisciplinary area of interest. In the last several years, much research has been conducted to determine the type of plant in each image automatically. The challenges in identifying the medicinal plants are due to the changes in the effects of image light, stance, and orientation. Further, it is difficult to identify the medicinal plants due to factors like variations in leaf shape with age and changing leaf color in response to varying weather conditions. The proposed work uses machine learning techniques and deep neural networks to choose appropriate leaf features to determine if the leaf is a medicinal or non-medicinal plant. This study presents a neural network design based on PSR-LeafNet (PSR-LN). PSR-LeafNet is a single network that combines the P-Net, S-Net, and R-Net, all intended for leaf feature extraction using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) approach. The PSR-LN helps obtain the shape features, color features, venation of the leaf, and textural features. A support vector machine (SVM) is applied to the output achieved from the PSR network, which helps classify the name of the plant. The model design is named PSR-LN-SVM. The advantage of the designed model is that it suits more considerable dataset processing and provides better results than traditional neural network models. The methodology utilized in the work achieves an accuracy of 97.12% for the MalayaKew dataset, 98.10% for the IMP dataset, and 95.88% for the Flavia dataset. The proposed models surpass all the existing models, having an improvement in accuracy. These outcomes demonstrate that the suggested method is successful in accurately recognizing the leaves of medicinal plants, paving the way for more advanced uses in plant taxonomy and medicine.
Leveraging Shapley Additive Explanations for Feature Selection in Ensemble Models for Diabetes Prediction
Authors: Mohanty Prasant Kumar , Francis Sharmila Anand John , Barik Rabindra Kumar , Roy Diptendu Sinha , Saikia Manob Jyoti
Published: December 2024

Diabetes, a significant global health crisis, is primarily driven in India by unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles, with rapid urbanization amplifying these effects through convenience-oriented living and limited physical activity opportunities, underscoring the need for advanced preventative strategies and technology for effective management. This study integrates Shapley Additive explanations (SHAPs) into ensemble machine learning models to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diabetes predictions. By identifying the most influential features using SHAP, this study examined their role in maintaining high predictive performance while minimizing computational demands. The impact of feature selection on model accuracy was assessed across ten models using three feature sets: all features, the top three influential features, and all except these top three. Models focusing on the top three features achieved superior performance, with the ensemble model attaining a better performance in most of the metrics, outperforming comparable approaches. Notably, excluding these features led to a significant decline in performance, reinforcing their critical influence. These findings validate the effectiveness of targeted feature selection for efficient and robust clinical applications.
The Historical Evolution and Significance of Multiple Sequence Alignment in Molecular Structure and Function Prediction
Authors: Zhang Chenyue , Wang Qinxin , Li Yiyang , Teng Anqi , Hu Gang , Wuyun Qiqige , Zheng Wei
Published: December 2024

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) has evolved into a fundamental tool in the biological sciences, playing a pivotal role in predicting molecular structures and functions. With broad applications in protein and nucleic acid modeling, MSAs continue to underpin advancements across a range of disciplines. MSAs are not only foundational for traditional sequence comparison techniques but also increasingly important in the context of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven advancements. Recent breakthroughs in AI, particularly in protein and nucleic acid structure prediction, rely heavily on the accuracy and efficiency of MSAs to enhance remote homology detection and guide spatial restraints. This review traces the historical evolution of MSA, highlighting its significance in molecular structure and function prediction. We cover the methodologies used for protein monomers, protein complexes, and RNA, while also exploring emerging AI-based alternatives, such as protein language models, as complementary or replacement approaches to traditional MSAs in application tasks. By discussing the strengths, limitations, and applications of these methods, this review aims to provide researchers with valuable insights into MSA’s evolving role, equipping them to make informed decisions in structural prediction research.
PTGS2/GRP78 Activation Triggers Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Leading to Lipid Metabolism Disruption and Cell Apoptosis, Exacerbating Damage in Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Chen Yan , Fang Bo , Liu Xian , Bai Wenkai , Liu Peiwen , Duan Zhiwei , Lu Ting , Zhang Quanwei , Dong Weitao , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2024

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), an organic acid of Gram-positive bacteria, is closely related to mastitis in dairy cows. This study evaluates the effect of LTA-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in vitro using MAC-T (mammary epithelial cells) and in dairy cows with mastitis. LTA stimulation significantly increases ER stress and apoptosis-related factors in MAC-T. Further analysis suggests that the increase in ER stress may be associated with interactions involving PTGS2 and GRP78. Protein structural studies indicate a strong interaction between PTGS2 and GRP78. Lipidomics results further demonstrate that LTA disrupts lipid balance in MAC-T cells, affecting lipid metabolism in the endoplasmic reticulum, including PC, PE, TAG, and DAG, thereby exacerbating inflammation and ER stress. In dairy cows with mastitis caused by Gram-positive bacterial infection, damaged epithelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptotic vesicles are observed in affected tissues. In contrast, tissues from healthy cows exhibit regular epithelial cells without inflammatory cells or apoptotic vesicles. Furthermore, a significant ER stress and apoptosis increase is observed in mastitis tissues. This study demonstrates the close association between LTA-induced cell damage and ER stress, contributing to understanding the mechanisms underlying LTA-induced damage and supporting strategies for mastitis prevention and control in dairy cows.
Proteomics: An Essential Tool to Study Plant-Specialized Metabolism
Authors: Martínez-Esteso María José , Morante-Carriel Jaime , Samper-Herrero Antonio , Martínez-Márquez Ascensión , Sellés-Marchart Susana , Nájera Hugo , Bru-Martínez Roque
Published: December 2024

Plants are a valuable source of specialized metabolites that provide a plethora of therapeutic applications. They are natural defenses that plants use to adapt and respond to their changing environment. Decoding their biosynthetic pathways and understanding how specialized plant metabolites (SPMs) respond to biotic or abiotic stress will provide vital knowledge for plant biology research and its application for the future sustainable production of many SPMs of interest. Here, we focus on the proteomic approaches and strategies that help with the study of plant-specialized metabolism, including the: (i) discovery of key enzymes and the clarification of their biosynthetic pathways; (ii) study of the interconnection of both primary (providers of carbon and energy for SPM production) and specialized (secondary) metabolism; (iii) study of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress; (iv) study of the regulatory mechanisms that direct their biosynthetic pathways. Proteomics, as exemplified in this review by the many studies performed to date, is a powerful tool that forms part of omics-driven research. The proteomes analysis provides an additional unique level of information, which is absent from any other omics studies. Thus, an integrative analysis, considered versus a single omics analysis, moves us more closely toward a closer interpretation of real cellular processes. Finally, this work highlights advanced proteomic technologies with immediate applications in the field.
Study on the Effect of Phillyrin on Streptococcus suis In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Yuan Fangyan , Zheng Lihan , Wang Mengzhe , Liu Wei , Li Xiaoyue , Gao Ting , Guo Rui , Liu Zewen , Yang Keli , Li Chang , Wu Qiong , Zhu Jiajia , Tian Yongxiang , Zhou Danna
Published: December 2024

As a zoonotic pathogen, S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) can cause severe diseases in both pigs and humans, and develop resistance to antibiotics. Plant natural compounds are regarded as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Phillyrin is the major bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine Forsythia suspensa. In this study, we explored the activity and action mechanism of phillyrin against SS2. The results showed that phillyrin could disrupt membrane integrity, destroy intracellular structures, and increase the exosmosis of DNA. Results of PCR revealed that phillyrin affected bacterial-virulence-related genes’ expression levels. Meanwhile, phillyrin significantly decreased the adhesion activity, inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion, and reduced biofilm formation of SS2 in Newborn pig trachea epithelial (NPTr) cells. Furthermore, phillyrin protected tight junction protein of NPTr cells from SS2. We reported that phillyrin (0.1 mg/kg) treatment after bacterial challenge significantly improved the survival rate, ameliorated pulmonary inflammation, and inhibited the accumulation of multiple cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). Molecular docking showed that phillyrin had a good binding activity with the Ala88 and Asp111 of suilysin (SLY), one of the most important virulence factors of SS2. Collectively, phillyrin possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, and is a promising candidate for preventing SS2 infection.
Recent Advances in Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity Studies of 1,3-Selenazoles
Authors: Makhaeva Nataliya A. , Amosova Svetlana V. , Filippov Andrey S. , Potapov Vladimir A. , Musalov Maxim V.
Published: December 2024

The review examines recent advances in the design and synthesis of 1,3-selenazole derivatives since 2000. Various synthetic approaches to 1,3-selenazoles and reaction conditions are discussed. The beneficial properties of 1,3-selenazoles, especially their biological activity, are emphasized. Compounds with antitumor, antiviral (HIV-1 and HIV-2), antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative, anticonvulsant, and antioxidant activity are highlighted.
Neuroplasticity and Mechanisms of Action of Acute and Chronic Treatment with Antidepressants in Preclinical Studies
Authors: Rosas-Sánchez Gilberto Uriel , Germán-Ponciano León Jesús , Guillen-Ruiz Gabriel , Cueto-Escobedo Jonathan , Limón-Vázquez Ana Karen , Rodríguez-Landa Juan Francisco , Soria-Fregozo César
Published: December 2024

Pharmacotherapy for depression includes drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (NaSSAs), and atypical antidepressants; these drugs exert differentially beneficial effects on symptoms of depression after acute and chronic treatment in animal models. Said effects are established through neuroplastic mechanisms involving changes in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis as result of the activation of intracellular signaling pathways associated with neurochemical and behavioral changes. Antidepressants increase the synaptic availability of monoamines (monoaminergic hypothesis) such as 5-HT, NA, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by inhibiting their reuptake or degradation and activating intracellular signaling pathways such as the responsive element binding protein (cAMP-CREB) cascade, which regulates the expression of genes related to neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in various brain structures implicated in depression. The aim of this review is to analyze the mechanisms of action of different antidepressants and to compare the effects of acute and chronic treatment on neuroplasticity in animal models of depression. A thorough search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on studies since 1996 with keywords like antidepressants, acute and chronic treatment, neuroplasticity, and experimental depression. Studies included had to investigate antidepressant effects experimentally, with full-text access, while excluding those that did not. Data extraction focused on study design, findings, and relevance to understanding treatment differences. Only high-quality, peer-reviewed studies were considered to ensure a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge.
Methodology and Experimental Protocol for Fatigue Analysis in Suggestopedia Teachers
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kostova Borislava , Tsvetkova Paulina , Lekova Anna
Published: December 2024

Background: Among all professions, teaching is significantly affected by psycho-social risks with approximately 33.33% of educators reporting work-related fatigue. Suggestopedia, an effective pedagogical approach developed in Bulgaria, claims to induce positive psychological and cognitive benefits in both teachers and students. In order to gather scientific evidence, given the above statement, we designed a methodology to detect fatigue in Suggestopedia teachers based on neurocognitive analysis and psychological assessment. Methods: An increase in the EEG theta and alpha band powers is considered among the most reliable markers of fatigue. The proposed methodology introduces a robust framework for fatigue analysis. Initially, the changes in EEG band powers using the resting state EEG activity before and after teaching are measured. Subsequently, validated psychological questionnaires are used to gain subjective feedback on fatigue. The study participants include a control group (traditional teachers) and the test group (suggestopedia teachers) to assess whether suggestopedia practice mitigates fatigue among teachers. Observations: In a pilot study, the EEG data was analyzed by evaluating the interrelations between EEG bands and the alpha–beta ratio. The results of the proposed study are expected to provide comprehensive analysis for the fatigue levels of teachers. In future research, our goal is to position the described methodology as a robust approach for evaluating cognitive and emotional states.
Understanding Reactions to Informative Process Model Interventions: Ambivalence as a Mechanism of Change
Authors: Rosler Nimrod , Wiener-Blotner Ori , Heskiau Micheles Orel , Sharvit Keren
Published: December 2024

Transforming the course of protracted and bloody conflicts requires changing the behaviors and minds of society members who take part in these conflicts. While studies examining the psychology of such societies point to the barriers that conflict-supporting narratives create for changing minds and behavior, a novel psychological intervention offers a new direction to facilitate openness for attitude change based on the Information Process Model (IPM). Previous studies indicated the effectiveness of this intervention in creating an unfreezing of conflict attitudes and increasing support for peace negotiation in different conflict areas. However, since the psychological process underlying its effectiveness remains underexplored, the aim of the current research is to examine the experiences of participants exposed to IPM-based messages and the role of cognitive and emotional ambivalence in facilitating the unfreezing of conflict-supporting narrative and contemplating alternative beliefs. The first study (n = 234) examines how IPM (vs. control) videos increase engagement with and ambivalence towards conflict-supporting narratives using quantitative and qualitative analysis of written Decisional Balance responses. The second study (n = 24) delves into the expressions of cognitive and emotional ambivalence following exposure to different segments of an IPM video using semi-structured interviews, and further assesses their potential influence on facilitating contemplation with newly provided information.
Vulnerability Evolution Mechanism of High-Speed Railway Construction System in the Goaf Site of Qinshui Coalfield
Authors: Wang Hui , Li You
Published: December 2024

The main reason for serious consequences caused by disasters is “insufficient emergency preparedness and obvious system vulnerability”. To ensure the safe operation and maintenance of the high-speed railway in goaf sites and achieve effective hierarchical management, the vulnerability theory was introduced, based on the system approach, to explore the characteristics of hierarchical evolution. Firstly, based on the analysis of the internal and external disturbances of the high-speed railway construction system with underlying goaf areas, the vulnerability characteristic elements were defined, and a conceptual vulnerability model was proposed. Secondly, based on the literature research, accident cases, and standards and specifications, 25 factors affecting vulnerability were identified and a two-dimensional cross matrix was used to establish a vulnerability evaluation index system. Then, ISM was used to build hierarchical relationships among indicators, analyze the vulnerability characteristics of direct factors, indirect factors and essential factors, and a vulnerability evolution analysis framework was proposed. Finally, the Taiyuan–Jiaozuo high-speed railway project was selected for hierarchical and progressive vulnerability management. The study analyzed the coupling effect and evolution mechanism of various elements of the safety management system under external disturbances, identified the weak links of the high-speed railway system in the goaf site, and provided a decision-making basis for continuous dynamic optimization and emergency response technology, which complied with the strategic policy of sustainable development.
Research on the Safety and Stability Evaluation for a New Type of Prefabricated Aqueduct in the Construction Stage
Authors: Li Yamin , Zhou Lingyu , Huang Wei , Li Jinheng , Liao Manjun , Wei Hongyuan , Fang Jiaopeng
Published: December 2024

To address the issue of regional water resource scarcity, water diversion projects have been constructed worldwide. As an essential lifeline project, the prefabricated aqueduct is prevalently utilized in cross-regional water transfer and diversion projects. This paper was based on the prefabricated aqueduct project, which adopted fabricated technologies including the connection technology among the gravity pier, the prefabricated arch ribs, and the prefabricated bent frame columns. The PHC piles, bearing platforms, bent frame columns, arch ribs, and groove bodies were all prefabricated components that were transported to the site for installation. The connections of the prefabricated aqueduct employed to link different components were of such crucial significance that their safety and stability determined whether the overall structure would be compromised. Therefore, the main objective of this paper was to examine the stress and deformation of this prefabricated aqueduct to prevent the occurrence of security risks throughout the entire construction stage. The finite element model was established in Midas Civil, and the entire construction stage was simulated and analyzed. Coupled with on-site monitoring, the stress and deformation of the prefabricated aqueduct were evaluated. The results indicated that the tensile stress, the compressive stress, the vertical displacement, and the lateral displacement of each part of the prefabricated aqueduct met the requirements of the standard, suggesting that the overall structure with the applied connection technology was in a safe and stable state throughout the entire construction stage.
A Comparison of the Targeted and Analytic Performance of a Post-Tensioned Frame Structure Through Fragility Analysis
Authors: Kirçil Murat Serdar , Kirici Zeynep
Published: December 2024

Buildings designed in accordance with Earthquake Codes are expected to survive slight earthquakes without damage, moderate earthquakes with limited and repairable damage, and severe earthquakes without collapse and loss of life. These definitions can be considered as target performance levels; however, whether the performance targets have been achieved is not verified using an engineering parameter. It is assumed that a structure designed in accordance with the code regulations will meet the prescribed controlled damage behavior and that the risk to life safety is minimum. However, studies examining the accuracy of this assumption in terms of the probability of exceeding the targeted performance levels are not widely available in the literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent this assumption is realistic. The targeted and analytically determined performance of the examined post-tensioned reinforced concrete frame building was compared through the generated fragility curves. The results show that the analytical performance of the examined building does not completely comply with the targeted performance defined by the Turkish Seismic Design Code; therefore, the assumption that a structure designed in accordance with the code will exhibit the targeted performance is not always realistic for each type of building.
Internal Curing Effects of Slag on Properties and Microstructure of Ambient-Cured Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Xiao Li , Zhang Chao , Zhang Hongen , Jiang Zhengwu
Published: December 2024

The preparation of ambient-cured fly ash-based geopolymer mortar (FAGM) with high strength by utilizing the high chemical reactivity of slag is key to realizing the sustainable and efficient application of solid waste resources. This paper investigates the influence of different type S95 slag contents (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) on the fluidity, setting time, and mechanical properties of FAGM at ambient temperature. The direct method is first adapted to monitor the influence of slag on geopolymerization. The results indicate that slag has a minimal effect on the fluidity of the mortar, while the setting time decreases and compressive strength increases with higher slag content. For FAGM with 30% slag content, the setting time is reduced from 3160 min to 140 min, with a decrease of 95.6%, and a 3-day and 28-day compressive strength increase from 1.5 MPa and 34.7 MPa to 33.5 MPa and 73.4 MPa, with enhancements of 2170.2% and 110.3%, respectively. Slag also exerts an internal curing effect, raising the internal curing temperature and accelerating the geopolymerization process of fly ash, thereby improving the compactness of FAGM and reducing its porosity. This approach successfully enables the production of high-strength, ambient-cured FAGM.
An Experimental Investigation on the Degradation of Material Properties of Naturally Corroded Bailey Truss
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Liu Changyong , Hu Qing , Zhang Xiuhua , Yin Hang
Published: December 2024

In its duration of service, Bailey truss is commonly exposed to corrosion threats due to the failure of anti-corrosion coatings, resulting in corrosion damage to its steel members and degradation of its structural performance. There is a lack of research on the degradation of the material properties of Bailey truss due to natural corrosion. This paper investigated the degradation of a Bailey truss that had been in service for eight years, in northeast China. Tensile tests were carried out on corroded specimens from three truss members (the chords, diagonals, and verticals), to establish regression equations for the minimum residual cross-sectional rate and several material properties of four parts (chord flange, chord web, diagonal web, and vertical web). The equations were compared with the degradation of steel properties with different yield strengths, cross-sectional shapes, and corrosion types. Fitting formulas for the true constitutive models of the four parts of non-corroded and corroded specimens were developed. It was found that the diagonal truss member was the most severely affected by corrosion, while the chord web was the least impacted. The degradation trend of 80% in regard to natural corrosion specimens is lower than that of the Bailey truss diagonal web and the degradation trend in terms of the yield strength and ultimate strength in the same part is less than 5%. According to the Ramberg–Osgood model, the multi-curve constitutive model fitting formulas are suitable for four parts of naturally corroded Bailey truss.
Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds in Prefabricated Timber Buildings—Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability
Authors: Goodman Nigel , Rajagopalan Priyadarsini , Francis Matthew , Nematollahi Neda , Vardoulakis Sotiris , Steinemann Anne
Published: December 2024

Prefabricated timber buildings offer a low-carbon approach that can help reduce the environmental impact of the building and construction sectors. However, construction materials such as manufactured timber products can emit a range volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are potentially hazardous to human health. We evaluated 24 years (2000–2024) of peer-reviewed publications of VOCs within prefabricated timber buildings. Studies detected hazardous air pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, and acetaldehyde (indoor concentration ranges of 3.4–94.9 µg/m3, 1.2–19 µg/m3, 0.97–28 µg/m3, and 0.75–352 µg/m3, respectively), with benzene concentrations potentially exceeding World Health Organization indoor air quality guidelines for long/short term exposure. Most studies also detected terpenes (range of 1.8–232 µg/m3). The highest concentrations of formaldehyde and terpenes were in a prefabricated house, and the highest of benzene and toluene were in a prefabricated office building. Paradoxically, the features of prefabricated buildings that make them attractive for sustainability, such as incorporation of manufactured timber products, increased building air tightness, and rapid construction times, make them more prone to indoor air quality problems. Source reduction strategies, such as the use of low-VOC materials and emission barriers, were found to substantially reduce levels of certain indoor pollutants, including formaldehyde. Increasing building ventilation rate during occupancy is also an effective strategy for reducing indoor VOC concentrations, although with the repercussion of increased energy use. Overall, the review revealed a wide range of indoor VOC concentrations, with formaldehyde levels approaching and benzene concentrations potentially exceeding WHO indoor air quality guidelines. The paucity of evidence on indoor air quality in prefabricated timber buildings is notable given the growth in the sector, and points to the need for further evaluation to assess potential health impacts.
Mitigating Temperature Effects in Curved Continuous Steel Box Girders: A Parametric Thermodynamic Analysis and Design Recommendations
Authors: Wang Shichao , Zhang Gang , Liu Haoting , Zhang Boxing , Hou Xu , Yuan Zhuoya
Published: December 2024

Curved continuous steel box girders are extensively utilized in bridge construction due to their efficiency and environmental benefits. However, in regions with significant temperature fluctuations, temperature effects can result in cumulative deformation and stress concentration, which may severely impact structural safety and durability. This study examines the structural response of curved continuous steel box girders with five spans under diverse temperature conditions and also develops a comprehensive parameterized thermodynamic numerical model. The model assesses the influence of cross-sectional shape parameters, including the number of cross-sectional box chambers, diaphragm thickness, and height-to-width ratio, as well as longitudinal structural parameters such as planar configurations, width-to-span ratio, and support arrangements, along with the arrangement of stiffening ribs on the temperature-induced effects in the girders. The results indicate that optimizing the width and eccentricity of support stiffeners to 30% and 25%, respectively, in support plate size can significantly alleviate local temperature-induced stresses. Additionally, variations in longitudinal and transverse stiffeners manifest minimal impact on thermal performance. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for improved design and construction practices, offering practical design recommendations to mitigate temperature effects and enhance the longevity and safety of such structures.
Fracture Process of Rock Containing a Hole Before and After Reinforcement: Experimental Test and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zeng Linhai , Zhang Futian , Zhang Daobing , Zhang Jiahua , Yin Huadong
Published: December 2024

A deeper understanding of the fracture evolution of hole-containing rocks is helpful for predicting the fracture of engineering rock mass. Based on this, uniaxial compression tests and two-dimensional numerical tests were conducted on red sandstone containing three different shapes of holes before and after reinforcement. The mechanical properties, stress field evolution, and AE energy and AE events during the sample fracture process were studied. The conclusions are that: (1) The reinforced specimens exhibited a significant increase in Young’s modulus and strength compared to the unreinforced specimens (containing a semicircular arch hole). (2) The sample always cracks from the loaded axial direction of the hole, presenting as tensile cracks. Subsequently, stress concentration at the corners of the hole results in shear cracks. Finally, the cracks gradually expand and merge with the holes; there are obvious macroscopic cracks and fracture surfaces on the sample surface, which proves that the sample has been fractured. (3) The reinforcement of the hole-containing sandstone can effectively inhibit the expansion of cracks in the rock. (4) When the stress on the specimen is less than its peak stress, the accumulation of the AE energy and AE events in the reinforced sample are greater than those in the unreinforced sample. The specimen experiences more intense compression-induced fracturing and has a stronger load-bearing capacity.
Liquid-Water Transfer Coefficients of Porous Building Materials Under High-Humidity Conditions
Authors: Li Yunxi , Luo Daiwei
Published: December 2024

The moisture transfer coefficient is a key parameter for analyzing the moisture-based physical properties of materials and studying the heat–moisture coupling process within building envelopes. The liquid-water transfer coefficient, as an important aspect of this process, plays a significant role, especially under high-humidity conditions. However, the global research on liquid-water transfer coefficients is still far from complete. To further enhance the research on liquid-water transfer coefficients, this study conducted capillary water absorption experiments on seven traditional and new porous building materials, focusing on testing the moisture transfer coefficients, primarily the liquid-water transfer coefficient. A novel analysis regarding the impact of sealing materials was proposed, based on the experimental results. Based on the experimental data, the concept of a critical value related to the variation in the capillary moisture content and the liquid-water diffusion coefficient was raised, and, building upon traditional empirical models, a completely new computational model was proposed. Data processing was carried out using methods such as variability analysis, correlation analysis, and nonlinear regression for model fitting. The research findings indicate the following: (1) The capillary water absorption rate and capacity of a material are influenced by its density and porosity. (2) In terms of sealing materials, self-adhesive films performed better than non-adhesive films. (3) The concept of critical capillary moisture content was proposed, based on the rate of change in the liquid-water diffusion coefficient. For the threshold of w ≤ 80%, a new calculation model with a higher correlation coefficient was proposed which can meet the calculation requirements of the diffusion coefficient under the vast majority of relative-humidity conditions.
Bibliometric Analysis on Earthen Building: Approaches from the Scientific Literature and Future Trends
Authors: Sánchez-Calvillo Adrià , Rincón Lídia , Hamard Erwan , Faria Paulina
Published: December 2024

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the earthen architecture and construction scientific literature production at present, analysing the historical evolution, research patterns and trends and the investigation of the different existing earthen building technologies. Utilising the SCOPUS database, this study analysed 3804 documents published between 1968 and 2023, with an annual growth of 16.92% since the year 2001. Key findings include the identification of top authors, institutions and collaborative networks, the co-citation analysis and the main keyword analysis and classification into different clusters. Regarding the building technologies, the results indicate a prevalence of research on vernacular earthen building techniques, mainly rammed earth and adobe masonry. Nevertheless, a growing interest in innovative methods using earth-based materials can be spotted. The bibliometric analysis identifies the development of the academic interest and emphasises the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the need for international recognition of earthen buildings. Future research should continue to explore the environmental benefits of using earthen materials, the development of earthen building techniques and systems in modern industry and the preservation of the architectural heritage and vernacular knowledge of contemporary technology.