bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico de Simulación de Disfunción Neurocognitiva en sujetos que presentan accidentes laborales
Authors: Puerta Lopera Isabel C , Arango Tobon Eduardo , Betancur Arias Juan Diego , Sanchez Duque Jose Wilmar
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Establecer la utilidad del Test de Simulación de la Memoria (TOMM) y las características psicométricas para determinar la Simulación de Disfunción Neurocognitiva (SND) en trabajadores que han sufrido Traumatismo Cráneo-Encefálico (TEC).  Materiales y métodos: Los participantes de esta investigación fueron por conveniencia. Se conformaron tres grupos no pareados, mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos.  El primer grupo se conformó con un total de 32 participantes que estuvieron activamente laborales antes de sufrir el TEC, mínimamente 6 meses antes de la evaluación. El segundo grupo estuvo conformado por 30 personas que ya se encontraban pensionados laboralmente y no poseían necesidades de SDN. El último grupo eran 31 participantes cognitivamente sanos, que voluntariamente desearon participar en el estudio.  Resultados: El TOMM es capaz de diferenciar entre aquellas personas probables de tener SDN y de las que no lo tienen. Aplicando el punto de corte de 45 para el ensayo 2, el 92.04% de los participantes controles (81/88 participantes) y 5 de los 5 simuladores (100%) fueron correctamente identificados, lo que corresponde a una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 92%, es decir la probabilidad de clasificar correctamente a un individuo como simulador, siendo éste un real simulador es del 100%, sin embargo la probabilidad de clasificar a un individuo como simulador, sin realmente serlo, es del 8%. Conclusiones: El TOMM es una herramienta clínica de exploración que permite distinguir entre los sujetos que posiblemente presenten necesidad de obtención de ganancias secundarias a un accidente laboral.
Bases moleculares de la memoria y su relación con el aprendizaje
Authors: Orrego Cardozo Mary , Tamayo Alzate Oscar Eugenio
Published: May 2019

El aprendizaje y la memoria son funciones cognitivas estudiadas históricamente desde diferentes campos del saber, de las cuales, podemos mencionar la filosofía, la psicología y las neurociencias. Aportes más recientes provienen de los desarrollos de las ciencias cognitivas y, de manera particular, de la antropología, la lingüística, la semiótica y la inteligencia artificial. En su conjunto, los aportes provenientes de estos diversos campos del conocimiento tienen incidencia importante en la educación. El aprendizaje se refiere al cambio permanente o no del comportamiento, de las ideas, los conceptos, los modelos mentales, los sentimientos, intereses, motivaciones derivados de la experiencia de los sujetos; por su parte, la memoria se refiere al proceso, por el cual ese conocimiento es codificado, almacenado y recordado. El aprendizaje y la memoria son esenciales para el funcionamiento adecuado, adaptación y supervivencia independiente de las diferentes especies animales. En esta revisión, en primer lugar, se presenta una breve reseña de los estudios más sobresalientes sobre aprendizaje y memoria, en términos generales se describen los tipos de aprendizaje y de memoria con relación a la naturaleza de la información y al tiempo de almacenamiento. En segundo lugar, se describen los procesos moleculares que explican el aprendizaje y la memoria implícita y finalmente se presentan algunas reflexiones generales desde el campo conceptual de la educación en relación con los desarrollos presentados en cuanto a la memoria y al aprendizaje.
Impacto clínico de la contaminación aérea
Authors: Restrepo Arango Marcos , Vélez Peláez María Camila , Vallejo Agudelo Esteban Onésimo , Martínez Sánchez Lina Maria
Published: May 2019

La contaminación del aire se considera actualmente un problema global tanto en países en desarrollo como en los desarrollados. Sustancias que invaden nuestros espacios son componentes de la contaminación aérea que causan un fuerte impacto negativo en la salud para quienes se encuentren expuestos, no solo en los sistemas cardiovascular y respiratorio, sino que están siendo relacionados con la etiología de patologías en todo el organismo, con disminución en la esperanza de vida e incluso, aumento de la mortalidad y alteraciones del material genético. Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como fin recopilar por medio de una búsqueda las implicaciones que tienen los componentes de la contaminación atmosférica en la salud de quienes están expuestos, desde el punto de vista clínico y molecular. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron los descriptores DeCS creado por BIREME: contaminación del aire, sistema cardiovascular, enfermedades respiratorias. Fueron consultadas las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDirect y Scopus. Dentro de los criterios de búsqueda se tuvo en cuenta el año de publicación y que el idioma original fuera inglés o español. Se concluyó que el estudio de las diferentes partículas y las consecuencias que conlleva la exposición a estas, es de vital importancia para el desarrollo de mecanismos de control, prevención y tratamiento; ya que estas mismas tiene la capacidad de generar patologías que van desde algo tan tangible como las afecciones pulmonares y la enfermedad cardiaca oclusiva, hasta cambios epigenéticos que afectan la salud.
Síndrome Metabólico y colecistitis complicada en mujeres adultas
Authors: Díaz-Rosales Juan de Dios , Alcocer-Moreno Juan Antonio , Enríquez-Domíguez Lenin
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: medir la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en una muestra de pacientes con colecistitis y analizar su relación con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en pacientes femeninos con colecistitis aguda. Se dividieron en dos; grupo I con pacientes con colecistitis aguda sin otra complicación y grupo II con pacientes con colecistitis aguda con complicaciones como: mucocele, empiema, coledocolitiasis, colangitis, pancreatitis biliar, necrosis y perforación. Se compararon las variables: peso, índice de masa corporal, cintura, presión arterial, niveles de glucosa y lípidos sanguíneos, proporción de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia y síndrome metabólico. Resultados: se estudiaron 204 pacientes, se encontraron 80 (39,2%) pacientes con complicaciones. Se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las siguientes variables: circunferencia de cintura (98,9 cm vs 103,4 cm; p=0,04), proporción de pacientes con triglicéridos de riesgo (≥150 mg/dL) (41,9% vs 75%; p=0,001), y presencia de síndrome metabólico (46,8% vs 67,5%; p=0,004). Sin embargo, al realizar la regresión logística ajustada solo se encontró que los niveles de triglicéridos (≥150 mg/dL) fungían como factor de riesgo (OR 4,058, IC 95% 1,870-8,807; p=0,000) de padecer complicaciones en colecistitis aguda. Conclusiones: el síndrome metabólico no es considerado un factor de riesgo para complicaciones en colecistitis aguda, sin embargo, si los niveles de triglicéridos son ≥150 mg/dL, el riesgo de padecer complicaciones durante un cuadro agudo de colecistitis litiasica si se aumenta de manera significativa.
Terapia de restricción del lado sano como opción de manejo de personas con secuelas de enfermedad cerebrovascular.
Authors: Ordoñez Mora Leidy Tatiana , Delgado Serna Lizeth Johana , Gutiérrez Muñoz Yuli Esmeralda , Pinzón Bernal Mónica Yamile , Castellanos Ruiz Julialba
Published: May 2019

La terapia de restricción del lado sano se considera una de las alternativas actuales en neurorehabilitación, en esta se realiza un bloqueo del lado no afectado, propiciando así el desarrollo de habilidades en el lado hemipléjico, a partir de la práctica de actividades sucesivas y tareas adaptadas. Objetivo: los efectos a nivel de función de la mano espástica en adultos con hemiplejia a partir de un proceso de revisión de literatura contenida en diferentes bases de datos. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de literatura en diferentes bases de datos como Pubmed, PeDro, OtSeeker, Scient Direct, usando como término de búsqueda “stroke” and “constraint induced movement therapy; se recopiló la información que tratara acerca de la técnica y su aplicación en personas hemipléjicas adultas. Conclusiones: La literatura revisada muestra que la terapia de restricción del lado sano genera múltiples beneficios en cuanto a función del brazo y de mano específicamente, para la función motora de miembro superior (agarres, alcances) y por ende en independencia funcional. Se recomienda la aplicación de los protocolos más difundidos en población latinoamericana al igual que establecer costo efectividad y la adopción de esta estrategia en planes de intervención clínicos.
Adherencia a los antidepresivos: reto terapéutico para mejores desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con depresión.
Authors: Urrego Vásquez Andrea , Gaviria García Juan Ricardo , Martínez Dominguez Gloria Inés , Martínez Sánchez Lina María , Ospina Sánchez Juan Pablo
Published: May 2019

La depresión es una enfermedad psiquiátrica que se manifiesta a través de un estado de ánimo bajo y síntomas somáticos como debilidad, trastornos del sueño, entre otros. Se presenta en edades tempranas principalmente, sin embargo se ha descrito en cualquier grupo etario; esta enfermedad genera alto impacto en el entorno familiar, social y laboral de la persona. La terapia antidepresiva comprende tanto el tratamiento farmacológico como las psicoterapias, siendo ambas el pilar fundamental para la remisión de esta patología. Por lo tanto, la adherencia terapéutica, definida como el cumplimiento de las dosis y tiempos indicados del medicamento prescrito y  la aceptación de los cambios en el estilo de vida, se considera un reto clínico que a pesar de ser poco estudiado, se ha visto que mejora considerablemente el control de los síntomas depresivos y evitando consecuencias como la discapacidad.
Consumo de anfetaminas, para mejorar rendimiento académico, en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales, 2008
Authors: Acevedo Urrego Marcela , Arango Orozco Lisa , Blandón Montoya Liliana , Buelvas Soto Liz , Carmona Velasquez Daybeth Vanesa , Castaño Castrillón Jose Jaime , Castro Rocha Betsy Carolina , Serna Juan Camilo , Trujillo Sandoval Karol Susana , Arango César
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia del uso no medicado de anfetaminas y otras sustancias,para mejorar rendimiento académico, en estudiantes de la Universidad deManizales (Manizales, Caldas, Colombia).Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. La población fue de3616 estudiantes de todas las facultades de la Universidad de Manizales, con una muestrarepresentativa de 309 estudiantes. Se empleó una encuesta anónima, que permitió identificarel consumo de anfetaminas, otras sustancias relacionadas y factores asociados.Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 20,46 años, estrato medio. La muestra másnumerosa fue de las facultades de Medicina (17,5%) y Derecho (16,8%). 32,8% informóel consumo de drogas como marihuana (68,9%), popper (26,9%), éxtasis (22,6%).14,6% manifiestó consumir anfetaminas para mejorar rendimiento académico, otrassustancias son marihuana y cocaína, consumos asociados a época de parciales; esteconsumo resultó ser dependiente de la Facultad (Medicina 42,3%, Economía 16,7%)y semestre cursado (9° semestre 44%, 5° semestre 24,1%); 71% que consumió metilfenidatomanifestó obtener resultados favorables. Como factores asociados a esteconsumo se encuentró el consumo de alcohol y el consumo de drogas en general.Conclusiones: El consumo de anfetaminas en esta universidad es alarmante, particularmenteen las facultades de Medicina (42,3%) y Economía 16,7%. Para prevenir el abuso yconsumo de sustancias para mejorar rendimiento académico, es necesaria una intervenciónintegral, que contemple tanto aspectos personales del estudiante como de la institución.
Relación entre comportamientos sexuales, y uso de drogas y alcohol en es tudiantes de algunos colegios públicos de Manizales , Colombia 2008
Authors: Arias Iris Amelia , Cañón Sandra , Castaño Castrillón José Jaime , Giraldo Melissa , León Erik Hans , Herrera Mónica , Jiménez Angélica , López Carlos
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Este estudio pretende conocer los comportamientos sexuales y la frecuencia del consumo de drogas y alcohol, y su relación en adolescentes de secundaria de cuatro instituciones públicas de la ciudad de Manizales, Caldas, Colombia de 9° a 11° grado.Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. Participaron 334 estudiantes, seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico estratificado por colegio de una población de 3423 estudiantes. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante una encuesta que incluyó aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamientos sexuales, consumo de alcohol y drogas.Resultados: El inicio de relaciones sexuales en promedio para hombres fue de 13.64 años y para mujeres de 14.83 años, la mayoría de participantes de género femenino 64.4% ha tenido una pareja sexual en contraste con el género masculino 21%; también se encontró un índice de consumo de alcohol de 94.9%, siendo la cerveza la más consumida en hombres; el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas fue de 45.2% siendo el popper el de mayor consumo (38.9%), estos porcentajes incluyen los bajos consumos. Se encontraron claras relaciones entre las variables de comportamiento sexual y de consumo de alcohol y drogas, en particular resalta la relación entre número de parejas sexuales y consumo de drogas.Conclusiones: Se puede concluir que el inicio de relaciones sexuales en esta población es temprano, con un amplio uso del preservativo como método de planificación (88.8%) y que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es frecuente. Se debe reforzar la promoción y prevención de la salud.
Sobreanticoagulación con Warfarina
Authors: Pineda Ruiz Juan Carlos
Published: May 2019

El uso de la warfarina está asociado con la aparición de Reacciones Adversas Medicamentosas como la sobreanticoagulación, esto genera más morbilidad, hospitalizaciones y mayor riesgo de sangrado en los ancianos a través de asociaciones con otras enfermedades e interacciones con medicamentos y alimentos. Este anticoagulante es un cumarínico que actúa a través de la inhibición de los factores de la vía extrínseca de la coagulación, por medio de su efecto en ciclo de la Vitamina K, y se vigila con el International Normalized Ratio (INR) hallándose más probabilidad de hemorragia con valores por encima de 4. El enfoque y manejo de los INR elevados debe estar basado en las características del paciente y la categoría de sangrado para decidir la necesidad del uso de Vitamina K, Plasma Fresco Congelado o Concentrado de Complejos de Protrombina permitiendo así un retorno seguro a niveles terapéuticos de anticoagulación.
La figura del indígena en Dios trajo la sombra
Authors: Gómez Soriano Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2019

Dios trajo la sombra, the third of the collection of poems Los cuadernos de la tierra, by Jorge Enrique Adoum, poetises the Conquest of the Inca Empire. The arrival of Francisco Pizarro and his men and their actions until the capture and death of Atahualpa are the anecdote behind a review of the process of Discovery and Conquest of America. Jorge Enrique Adoum questions, in his verses, the official historical discourse, established by the same Chronicle of the Indies. His main interest is to show the process of the discovery of the other, both for the indigenous people and for the conquerors, in that profound collision of cultures. Retaking and subverting secular topics, this historical poem reconstructs the figure of the indigenous and gives back its own voice, in a clear vindication of the vision of the vanquished.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЕРЖАВНИМИ ФІНАНСАМИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Хомутенко Алла Віталіївна
Published: May 2019

The paper seeks to explore the nature of ensuring information support to public financial management. A range of subjects authorized to create and maintain government information systems has been identified. An overview of the systems that contribute to providing management information support to the state budget financial inflows, in particular: “Tax Block”, “Inspector”, “Electronic Check” (e-Receipt) and “ProZorro. Sales” is presented. Special focus is paid to the systems that entail information on the transactions of the State Treasury Service of Ukraine, state budget funds utilization data as well as to the transactions of state-owned business entities, such as "ProZorro public e-procurement system", "SPENDING" and "Transparent budget". The findings revealed that application of the "Automated System for computer-based pension documents processing" and the "Our Family" information system had enhanced the accuracy and transparency of cash outflows from extrabudgetary funds and facilitated the reduction of labor and working time costs of authorized managing officers. A critical review on the information systems capabilities has demonstrated the shortcomings of particular government information systems and their organizational frameworks that hamper the management performance effectiveness. The method of logical generalization was employed to provide a rationale and suggest pathways for improving information support for public financial management in Ukraine. Among the key priorities is the creation of an Electronic Government, a single information portal which will integrate the existing information systems and help to eliminate data duplication across different information systems; ensure public financial management, budget and extrabudgetary funds standardization; enhance the efficiency of financial control including the sectoral one; increase the availability of public goods and services; strengthen the responsibility of each of the authorized managing and executive officers and officials.
STRATEGY OF INFUSION-TRANSFUSION THERAPY IN OPERATIONS WITH MASSIVE BLOODWORK IN CHILDREN WITH TUMOR ABOMALOMAL LOCALIZATION TUMORS
Authors: Belousova E. I. , Matinyan N. V. , Martynov L. А.
Published: May 2019

Surgeries for thoracoabdominal tumors in children predispose to water and electrolyte imbalance, imbalance in the coagulation system, etc. In spite of abundance of recommendations for children, the volume of basic infusion therapy is uncertain.

Study purpose. To estimate the clinical effectiveness of the conducted infusion therapy with isotonic balanced electrolyte solution in children who underwent thoracoabdominal surgeries accompanied with massive blood loss and a complex estimation of the conducted infusion and transfusion therapy.

Materials and methods. The intraoperative and early postoperative (days 1–5) periods were analyzed in 22 patients (ASA II–III) who underwent an operation for thoracoabdominal malignant tumors with massive perioperative blood loss in 2016–2017. Group I included 11 patients who had infusion with balanced crystalloid solutions of 5 to 10 ml/kg/hour under combined anesthesia. Group II includes 11 patients who had infusion with balanced crystalloid solutions of 11 to 20 ml/kg/hour under combined anesthesia.

Results. According to the conducted study, a higher hemodynamic stability was observed in patients from the group of basic infusion therapy with balanced crystalloid solutions of 11–20 ml/kg/hour. It was expressed as the decrease of the mean dose of the used vasopressors and volume of the infusion of colloidal solutions. The patients also had a less intense response to stress.
THORACOSCOPIC TREATMENT IN NEWBORN WITH EXTENDED TUBULAR ESOPHAGEAL DUPLICATION
Authors: Khvorostov I. N. , Andreev D. A. , Damirov O. N.
Published: May 2019

We present a case of complete extended tubular esophageal duplication in a newborn without concomitant abnormal development. Esophageal duplication is diagnosed based on the clinical picture, direct laryngoscopy, esophagography and contrastenhanced computed tomography. The esophageal duplication was removed by thoracoscopy, isolation from the pharynx was performed via a separate dissection on the neck.
CONGENITAL NON-PARASITIC LIVER CYSTS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Kozlov Yu. A. , Rasputin A. A. , Baradieva P. J. , Ochirov C. B. , Rasputina N. V. , Us G. P. , Kuznetsova N. N. , Kononenko M. I.
Published: May 2019

The study presents a discussion of the literature on congenital non-parasitic cysts of the liver known to date. Congenital non-parasitic cysts of the liver in children are rare. In children, the cysts are believed to be the unique reason for abdominal tumors. Although the majority of liver cysts in children are asymptomatic, some infants can have the symptoms in the prime of life frequently requiring urgent surgery. All the patients need a surgery to prevent complications and malignization of the cyst. The purpose of the surgery is to enucleate the cyst preventing a cancer recurrence. Minimally invasive surgery is used to treat hepatic cysts in children with ever-increasing frequency.
INTERREGIONAL CENTERS OF HIGH-TECH CHILDREN’S SURGERY – MORTGAGE OF ACCESSIBILITY AND QUALITY OF MEDICAL CARE FOR RUSSIAN CHILDREN
Authors: Rozinov V. M. , Morozov D. A. , Rumyantsev S. A. , Vaganov N. N. , Azovskiy D. R. , Afaunov N. V.
Published: May 2019

The article starts with a summary of the international experience in making medical care both accessible and high quality for children with surgical conditions and trauma by concentrating patients in specialized trans-regional centers. The authors give results of the retrospective analysis of the reasons for failure when implementing the concept of trans-regional specialized medical care in the Russian healthcare system. The paper lists problems with legislative control over these aspects: supplying the centers with resources, medical evacuation processes, distribution of responsibility by areas, and the information exchange with local medical institutions (hospitals, clinics, etc). The article also illustrates similarities and differences on how the trans-regional centers for pediatric surgical care function inRussiaand in other countries. The authors outline high priority measures for creating trans-regional centers for specialized medical assistance for children inRussia. The systematic review includes 16 domestic and 28 foreign literature sources, 8 references to Russian laws and regulations.
THORACOSCOPIC POSTERIOR TRACHEOPEXIE IN A NEWBORN WITH TRACHEOMALACIA AND ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
Authors: Kozlov Yu. A. , Rasputin A. A. , Kovalkov K. A. , Baradieva P. J. , Ochirov Ch. B.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Esophageal atresia is often accompanied by some form of tracheomalacia. Soon after birth, tracheal collapse can result in respiratory disturbances of various degrees – from mild to severe – requiring artifcial pulmonary ventilation. In this study, we describe the use of a new treatment method of tracheomalacia with posterior tracheopexie.

Material and methods. A patient with tracheomalacia that developed against the background of esophageal atresia was presented in the study. A newborn boy of 2,720 g had a prenatally established diagnosis of esophageal atresia. The infant was born with the signs of respiratory disturbances. Following tracheoscopy, severe tracheomalacia was established with complete collapse of tracheal lumen. During the next thoracoscopic procedure, the trachea was fxed to the anterior longitudinal spinal ligament with several sutures.

Results. Thoracoscopic posterior tracheopexie was performed prior to esophageal anastomosis. Overall duration of surgery was 85 minutes. Spontaneous breathing was restored at day 3 after the surgery. Tracheoscopy performed at day 10 after the surgery demonstrated a complete opening of the tracheal lumen.

Conclusion. Promising results of the surgery prove that the procedure is eﬀective for the treatment of tracheomalacia. Moreover, more complex (aortopexy) recurrent surgeries can be prevented using this approach as posterior tracheopexie can be performed during the primary thoracoscopic correction of esophageal atresia.
THE ARTHUS – SHWARTZMAN REACTION COMPLICATED WITH AN EXTENSIVE NECROTIC PHLEGMON IN A NEWBORN WITH DIODENAL COMPRESSION
Authors: Katsupeev V. B. , Rozin B. G. , Astakhov R. E. , Lysenko A. P. , Karagezyan R. L. , Dmitriev S. G. , Chepurnoy M. G. , Matveev O. L. , Volovik K. G.
Published: May 2019

Occurrence of the Arthus and Shwartzman reaction leading to an extensive necrotizing phlegmon of the body after constant intravenous infusions of protein preparations used to correct metabolic disturbances in a newborn with partial congenital duodenal compression. The outcome was successful due to a complex therapy, including multiple skin insections with necrectomy, autografting and hemofltration, laparotomy with duodenojejunostomy for duodenal membrane.
INTERREGIONAL CENTERS FOR SPECIALIZED PEDIATRIC SURGICAL AID IN RUSSIA – PROFILE AND DISLOCATION
Authors: Rozinov V. M. , Morozov D. A. , Rumyantsev S. A. , Vaganov N. N. , Fedorov A. K. , Gorbachev O. S.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Russia needs to reform the stepwise model for delivering medical aid to children with surgical diseases and traumas mobilizing patients and those injured at specialized Interregional Centers (IRC). Purpose. To substantiate profiles and dislocation of IRC providing surgical aid to children in Russia. Material and methods. 103 specialists from 85 territorial entities of the Russian Federation presented their expert reviews concerning profiles and dislocation of IRC that provide surgical aid to children in accordance with the nomenclature of professions and administrative structure of the country. The expert reviews were analyzed using the methods of descriptive statistics to rate IRC profiles, their territorial dislocation, and focus on interaction of those surveyed with certain medical organizations. Consistency of expert opinions was estimated using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Results. Experts indicated 14 activity profiles of IRC providing surgical aid to children. According to rating results, more than a half of positive estimates belonged to five priority profiles including surgery of neonates, neurosurgery, oncology, thoracic surgery and combustiolgy. As far as IRC dislocation is concerned, experts mainly considered medical organizations within a federal district of territorial entities of the Russian Federation. Total number (287) of references (by priority profiles) to hospitals within territorial entities of Russia was 4 times more than the respective estimate (66) for federally governed healthcare providers. Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology that served as a base for potential IRC (oncology) was the most in-demand (19 requests) federal structure. Conclusion. Community of professionals has come to a consolidated opinion according to which buildup of IRC providing care in neonatal surgery, neurosurgery, oncology, thoracic surgery, and combustiology at children’s hospitals in territorial entities of the Russian Federation and 13 federally governed clinical research centers is a significant factor of providing affordable and qualitative medical aid.
SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A NEWBORN WITH CHYLOPERITONEUM
Authors: Kucherov Yu. I. , Kholodnova N. V. , Adleiba S. R. , Belaya A. L. , Makarova L. M. , Ovsiannikova M. A. , Zhirkova Yu. V.
Published: May 2019

The article describes clinical observation of treatment of a premature infant with chyloperitoneum. Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity was diagnosed prenatally at 31–32 weeks of gestation. Premature surgical delivery was performed at 34– 35 weeks due to the high risk of antenatal fetal death. Paracentesis with fluid analysis was done; chylous exudate was confirmed. Total parenteral nutrition, octreotide and drainage of the abdominal cavity were used during conservative treatment. It was decided to perform a surgery as the therapy was ineffective. At the age of 2 months and 7 days laparotomy was conducted, abdominal organs were revised, lymph ducts were ligated, and abdominal cavity was drained producing a positive effect. The fluid outflow was terminated and the child was discharged in a satisfactory condition.
Indian Household Balance Sheet: Accounting issues and wealth estimation
Authors: Malhotra Akash
Published: May 2019

This paper presents a novel estimate of Indian household balance sheet (HBS) starting from 1970-71 to 2017-18 and studies the evolution of Indian household finance in an international context.
VALUES AND ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN CITIZENS AT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS (2012, 2018): CONSTANCY AND VARIABILITY
Authors: Sushko Valentina , Averin Yury
Published: May 2019

Based on the empirical data of two sociological
studies conducted in accordance with the uniform methodology using the personal
questionnaire method in April 2012 and May 2018 (almost immediately after the
election of the President of the Russian Federation), the article analyzes the
structure of values of Russian urban voters, influencing their attitude to
participation in the presidential elections and to the competing candidates, as
well as the nature of the changes that took place in the structure during 6
years. The socio-economic and socio-political conditions in Russia in 2012 and
in 2018 and their influence on the structure of values of urban voters are
considered in the article. The article reveals the reasons why the fewer urban
voters participated in the elections and a much larger number of them voted for
Vladimir Putin when the economic situation of voters deteriorated in 2012
compared to 2018.

It is revealed
that within the framework of the “materialistic” value structure of urban
voters, the value of material wealth does not play a significant role when
voters choose the future development of Russia. The value of unselfish
patriotism and family is in the first place. The difficult political conditions
in Russia in 2018 gave the voters patriotism a militant character that was
absent in 2012.
Gecekonduyu Wacquant’la Düşünmek: Umut Mekânlarında Toplumsal ve Mekânsal Dönüşüm
Authors: ARIK Ferhat
Published: May 2019

Özellikle ikinci
dünya savaşı sonrasında neredeyse bütün dünyada yapısal, ekonomik ve politik değişimler
neticesinde adı ve niteliği ülkeden ülkeye değişen, kentsel mekânın en alt
hiyerarşisinde kalan mahalleler ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye’de gecekondular; bir
dizi yapısal dönüşüm neticesinde sürecin zorunlu bir sonucu olarak kentlerdeki
önlenemez yükselişini günümüze kadar taşımıştır. Bu çalışma, Loic Wacquant’ın araştırmalarıyla
bağlantılı olarak “Gecekonduların” bir konumlandırmasını içermektedir.
Çalışmanın amacı; kent yoksulluğunun oluşum süreçlerini ve temel dinamiklerini
politik ve ekonomik dönüşümler ışığında anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu doğrultuda
yapılan araştırma ile; göçmenlerin kırdan kente göç süreci, umut mekânı olarak
gecekonduların inşası, sınıfsal pozisyonları, göçmenlerin toplumsal, mekânsal
ve kültürel dönüşümleri gecekondulular gözünden ele alınmıştır. Nitel araştırma
tekniğinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, 30 kişi ile derinlemesine görüşmeler
yapılmıştır. Veriler MAXQDA 11 programı aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde
edilen sonuçlara göre; tarihsel, toplumsal ve politik şartlara bağlı olarak
kentin “marjinalleri” yoksulluk ortak paydasında buluşsa da ülkeden ülkeye
önemli farklar göstermektedir. Türkiye’de gecekondular göçmen açısından kente
tutunmanın mekânsal tezahürü olmuştur. Dayanışma ağları ve hemşerilik kente
tutunmanın ilk adımı olan gecekonduların inşasında ve kentte var olabilmelerini
sağlayan ekonomik girişimlerde en önemli etken olmuştur. Gecekondulular için
apartmanlarda yaşama en önemli hedeftir. Kentsel dönüşüm süreçleri neticesinde
hedeflerine ulaşan gecekondulular bir yandan kentin orta sınıfları haline
gelirken bir yandan beklemedikleri ve arzu etmedikleri kültürel ve toplumsal
sonuçlarla yüzleşmek durumunda kalmışlardır.
Türkiye`de Neoliberal Devletin İnşa ve Muhafazasında Çanakkale Savaşı Söyleminin Ro-lü Üzerine Bir Tartışma
Authors: GEZGİN Elif
Published: May 2019

Bu metinde Çanakkale
Savaşı’yla ilgili tarihsel anlatıdaki değişim ve yoğunlaşma, konunun Türkiye’de
neoliberal devletin inşa ediliş süreciyle olan ilişkisi çerçevesinde
incelenmektedir. Konuyla ilgili tartışma Wacquant`in sentor devlet (centaur
state) kavramsallaştırması üzerinden yürütülmekte ve Çanakkale Savaşı
vurgusunun günümüz Türkiye’sinin neoliberal ihtiyaçlarına nasıl hizmet ediyor
olabileceği sorgulanmaktadır. Bu arka plan çerçevesinde metinde güncel
Çanakkale Savaşı anlatısının; Batı karşıtı ideolojileri destekleme, düşman
yaratma ve hakim rejime destek toplayıcı bir araç olarak kullanılma işlevleri
ele alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, söz konusu eğilimin, savaşın yer aldığı kente,
yani Çanakkale’ye olan toplumsal ve mekânsal etkilerine değinilmiştir.
Çalışmada, Wacquant’ın kapatma (incarceration) vurgusundan hareketle,
‘ideolojik kapatma’ olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bir kontrol biçiminden daha söz
edebileceğimiz öne sürülmekte ve Türkiye örneği üzerinden ele alınan bu tür bir
ideolojik kapatmanın, tarihsel referansların ele alınma ve kitlelere yansıtılma
biçimiyle olan olası ilişkisine dikkat çekilmektedir. Metnin genel amacı,
tarihin kitlelere yansıtılışı ile iktidar ilişkileri arasındaki etkileşimleri
yerel bir örnek üzerinden ve neoliberalizm tartışmaları çerçevesinde
sorgulamaktır.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA ANAK DALAM MEMAHAMI ISI BACAAN
Authors: Saraswati Candra Dewi
Published: May 2019

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA ANAK DALAM MEMAHAMI ISI BACAANDi dalam dunia pendidikan, seringkali guru maupun orang tua mengalami kesulitan menarik minat anak untuk membaca. Terlebih dengan adanya perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang begitu pesat, saat ini banyak referensi akademik yang hanya berupa tulisan tanpa disertai gambar. Sehingga anak dituntut memiliki kemampuan membaca yang baik agar dapat memahami materi-materi yang diberikan. Padahal, hanya dengan mengetahui kata-kata dalam tulisan tanpa memahami isi dari tulisan tersebut akan membuat anak mengalami kesulitan dalam menguasai materi pelajaran. Disinilah peran pengembangan minat terhadap kegiatan membaca diperlukan agar keterampilan membaca anak semakin terasah dan pemahamannya meningkat. Salah satu cara sederhana yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang sesuai, yaitu gambar. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, media gambar memberikan efek psikologis pada anak yang kemudian dapat mempengaruhi motivasi dan minat dalam memahami suatu bacaan. Selain itu, anak juga lebih mudah me-recall isi bacaan yang sudah mereka pahami sebelumnya dengan bantuan media gambar. Dengan demikian, media gambar sudah terbukti dapat mempengaruhi keterampilan anak dalam memahami bacaan. Kata kunci: keterampilan berbahasa Indonesia, keterampilan membaca, membaca pemahaman, media pemebelajaran, media gambar
Manajemen Administrasi Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Yusri Hilman
Published: May 2019

Indonesia's human resources need to be improved through education. Current Indonesian education is still a concern. The cause of weak education in Indonesia can be observed in educational output with effectiveness and efficiency that has not been maximized. Government efforts in overcoming this must be taken seriously. To realize the effectiveness and efficiency of education in achieving the goals as desired, it is necessary to organize and compile the process of education with school administration management that will help and support education so as to facilitate in improving the quality of education in Indonesia.
supervisi pendidikan
Authors: lona Arvi
Published: May 2019

Pelaksaanaan supervisi akademik pengawas sekolah merupakan kegiatan pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh pengawas dalam satuan pendidikan terhadap guru saat melaksanakan tugasnya, agar menjadi lebih baik. Dengan menyadari bahwa penting untuk menjaga sumber daya manusia agar tetap baik dan bisa berguna dimasa depan maka keprofesionalan guru dalam mendidik menjadi faktor penting yang harus selalu diawasi oleh pengawas sekolah.
TUGAS AKHIR ANNISA SYAFITRI 17002116
Authors: Syafitri Annisa , sabandi ahmad
Published: May 2019

Supervisi pendidikan adalah upaya yang dilakukan untuk membina dan memperbaiki kualitas pendidik dan tenaga pendidik lainnya yang ada disekolah sehingga tujuan pendidikan dapat tercapai dengan efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh supervisi pendidikan terhadap kualitas kinerja guru, mengetahui bagaimana kepala sekolah dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai supervisor dan mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan supervisi pendidikan yang ada disekolah-sekolah pada umumnya. Hasil dari penulisan ini adalah menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan supervisi pendidikan yang disekolah masih banyak yang belum baik, menunjukkan bagaimana pelaksanaan tugas kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor disekolah dan menunjukkan bagaimana pengaruh supervisi terhadap kinerja guru disekolah.
supervisi pendidikan
Authors: Permatasari Diah Nanda
Published: May 2019

Dalam era teknologi dan globalisasi yang semakin berkembang saat ini, peranan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan melalui supervisi sangat berperan penting. Kepala sekolah merupakan faktor penggerak bagi sumber daya sekolah terutama guru dan peserta didik. Salah satu tindakan yang harus dilakukan adalah membimbing dan membina guru dalam kegiatan supervisi akademik, yang merupakan bantuan profesional kepada guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan profesional guru dalam proses pembelajaran. Supervisi akademik yang paling mudahdan sering dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah adalah supervisi akademik dengan teknik kunjungan kelas, yaitu Kepala Sekolah sebagai supervisor mengadakan kunjungan kelas pada saat guru mengajar di kelas. Melalui teknik supervisi yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dengan melakukan kunjungan langsung terhadap guru dan peserta didik ini diharapkan mampu berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan mutu dan kualitas pemebalajarn yang dilakukan oleh guru maupun peserta didik dalam pendidikan sehingga menghasilkan lulusan terbaik dan mampu bersaing dengan dunia terlebih dengan era teknologi dan globalisasi seperti sekarang ini. Peningkatan mutu melalui supervisi ini akan dibahas pada artikel “Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Melalui Supervisi Akademik dengan Teknik Kunjungan Kelas”.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar PKn Siswa Kelas SMP Negeri 21 Makassar
Authors: Muhajir
Published: May 2019

This type of research is experimental research that include one class as a class experiment with the aim to determine the effect of Contextual Teaching and Learning Approaches toward Learning Outcomes Civics in Seventh Grade Students of SMPN 21 Makassar. The study design used is the One-group pretest-posttest design, sample in this study is a class VII SMP Negeri 21 Makassar number of students as many as 29 students consisting of 10 male students and 19 female students. Data collection techniques used were conducted preliminary tests (pretest), applying the learning model Contextual Teaching and Learning, then the next action is to do a final test (posttest) to determine the effect of learning model Contextual Teaching and Learning on student learning outcomes. The results showed that the average score achievement test Civics on the pretest was 66.55 and the students who completed as many as 19 students or 65.51%, while the average score of posttest learning outcomes increased to 79.48 and students who pass as many as 29 people or 100%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of learning models Contextual Teaching and Learning positive effect on learning outcomes Civics in Class VII SMP Negeri 21 Makassar
SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: UTAMI DINDA SRI
Published: May 2019

Pengambangan profesionalisme guru diarahkan untuk melakukan peningkatan kinerja guru dilingkungan sekolah, penilai kinerja guru yang dilakukan secara objektif, transparan dan akuntabilitas, serta mendorong untuk meningkatkan prestasi dari guru tersebut.
Supervisi pendidikan
Authors: RAHMATUNNISA RIFQA
Published: May 2019

Supervisi adalah pengawasan yang dilakukan secara profesional digunakan sebagai usaha untuk memberikan layanan yang dilakukan secara profesional. Dalam meraih mutu pendidikan yang baik dipengaruhi oleh kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Secara umum mutu pendidikan menjadi tolok ukur keberhasilan pendidikan.
Diagnostic role of bronchoalveolar lavage: A cytohistopathological correlation
Authors: Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Nepal Niraj , Mainali Nirajan , Ghimire Ram Hari
Published: May 2019

Background: Tumors of lung are common in Nepal. The risk of malignancy has to be judged prior to surgery for which bronchoscopy is often done. Brocho-alveolar lavage and bronchial biopsy are routine procedure done for diagnosis of lung cancer during bronchoscopy. This study was done to correlate the cytology of broncho-alveolar lavage specimen with histopathology in malignant tumors of the lug in our setup.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted at department of pathology, Nobel Medical College from August 2017 to December 2018. Histopathology reports with malignancy were compared to their cytological diagnosis.

Results: A total of 141 cases were included in the study. Among the study population,  Bronchogenic carcinoma was found more prevalent in female. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of broncho-alveolar lavage in the diagnosis of lung cancer were 88.1%, 97.98%, 94.7%, 95.1% and 95.03% respectively.

Conclusions: Brochoalveolar lavage cytology has a greater accuracy for the diagnosis of lung cancer; however, benign cases need regular follow up as there are false negative cases.
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in culture positive typhoid fever cases isolated at Patan hospital
Authors: Shrestha Sanjay Kumar , Basnet Shova
Published: May 2019

Background: Enteric fever is one of the most common systemic infections of developing countries like Nepal. The changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility and increasing rate of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics has been of great concern in the proper treatment and prevention of this disease. This study aims to investigate the current antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A and B.

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at Patan hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal from ____ to -------. Blood culture sample were collected from suspected patients presenting to different departments of the hospital and tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method and results were interpreted by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory (NCCLS) guidelines.

Results: Out of the total sample of 212, 40(18.8%) cases were isolated as Salmonella species. Out of these, 29(72.5%) cases were S typhi and 11(27.5%) were S paratyphi. Isolates were mainly from adult age group. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the sensitivity to chloramphenicol was 95% and to cotrimoxazole 97% whereas the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was 52.5% and 27.5% for Ofloxacin. Nalidixic Acid Resistance Salmonella typhi strain was 60.0 percent. Sensitivity to ceftriaxone, meropenem and colistin was found to be 100 percent.

Conclusions: A high degree of variability is seen in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern with very high degree of sensitivity to the historically used antibiotics like chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Unfortunately, sensitivity to quinolones was seen to be very low, which were used widely in the last two decades.
Pattern of hematological malignancy in a tertiary level hospital in Kathmandu
Authors: Shrestha Amar Narayan , Singh Sunil Kumar , Deo Rajiv Kumar , Joshi Rinku , Poudel Ayusha , Aryal Barun Babu , Adhikari Anurag
Published: May 2019

Background: Hematological malignancies involve the blood elements, marrow, lymph and lymphatic elements and are among the common malignancies afflicting the human race. They tend to involve the extremes of the ages- the young and the elderly.

Materials and Methods: A hospital register based retrospective study was conducted including the data of five years duration. The confirmation of diagnosis was done with blood smear examination, bone marrow examination and flow-cytometry. The epidemiological parameters were then calculated using Microsoft Excel and SPSS.

Results: Among the total number of cases, 60.7% were males and 39.3% were females. Age group of 50 to 59 years was most commonly involved. Lymphoma (including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s) was the most common hematological malignancy.

Conclusions: Males are more afflicted by hematological malignancies and lymphoma was the commonest hematological malignancy.
Evaluation of Prostate specific antigen levels and its correlation with histopathological findings
Authors: Pudasaini Sujata , Subedi Neeraj , Shrestha Nagesh Mani
Published: May 2019

Background: Prostate specific antigen is a tumor marker though is expressed by both normal and neoplastic prostate tissue. The absolute value of Prostate specific antigen is useful for determining the extent of prostate cancer and its treatment. Prostate specific antigen also increases in cases like Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and prostatitis. The availability of Prostate specific antigen as a marker has encouraged its use to diagnose both cancer and cancer recurrences.

Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital over a period of two years. Cases of prostatic disease undergoing surgery during the study period were taken. Prostate specific antigen level of all these cases were correlated with clinical and histopathological findings. 

Results:  A total of 51 cases of prostatic disease underwent surgery during the study period with the mean age of 66.57 ± 10.68 years. On histopathological examination, 70.6% had benign prostatic hyperplasia and 17.6% had prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostate specific antigen level was <4 ng/ml in 45.1% cases and >20.1ng/ml in 15.7%. In case of carcinoma prostate, 88.9% had prostate specific antigen level > 20.1ng/ml and 11.1% had prostate specific antigen level in a range of 10.1- 20 ng/ml. In case of chronic prostatitis, 66.7% had prostate specific antigen level in a range of 4.1-10 ng/ml. However, in case of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), 66.7% had PSA level <4 ng/ml.

Conclusions: Strong correlation of prostate specific antigen levels of > 20.1 ng/ml with carcinoma prostate was seen.
Histopathology of important fungal infections – A summary
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Gharti Magar Dilasma , Thapa Sushma , Nayak Niranjan , Talwar Om Prakash
Published: May 2019

Fungal infections due to pathogenic or opportunistic fungi may be superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic. With the upsurge of at risk population systemic fungal infections are increasingly common. Diagnosis of fungal infections may include several modalities including histopathology of affected tissue which reveal the morphology of fungi and tissue reaction.  Fungi can be in yeast and / or hyphae forms and tissue reactions may range from minimal to acute or chronic granulomatous inflammation. Different fungi should be differentiated from each other as well as bacteria on the basis of morphology and also clinical correlation. Special stains like GMS and PAS are helpful to identify fungi in tissue sections.
Adrenal involvement in Histoplasmosis
Authors: Sharma Nisha , Adhikari Ram Chandra
Published: May 2019

Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by a dimorphic, saprophytic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum with primary predilection for the lungs and disseminated infections occurring rarely. Our case illustrates the case of disseminated adrenal histoplasmosis in an immunocompromised 42-year-old diabetic man. Radiological diagnosis suggested bilateral malignant adrenal mass, most likely metastasis. FNAC yielded blood only. Excisional biopsy from left adrenal gland, Hematoxylin & Eosin staining along with special stains as Periodic Acid Schiff and Grocott’s Methenamine Silver were performed to yield the concluding diagnosis of histoplasmosis.