bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random matrix approach to three-dimensional QCD with a Chern-Simons term
Authors: Kanazawa Takuya , Kieburg Mario , Verbaarschot Jacobus J. M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We propose a random matrix theory for QCD in three dimensions with a Chern-Simons term at level k which spontaneously breaks the flavor symmetry according to U(2N
f) → U(N
f + k)×U(N
f
− k). This random matrix model is obtained by adding a complex part to the action for the k = 0 random matrix model. We derive the pattern of spontaneous symmetry breaking from the analytical solution of the model. Additionally, we obtain explicit analytical results for the spectral density and the spectral correlation func- tions for the Dirac operator at finite matrix dimension, that become complex. In the micro- scopic domain where the matrix size tends to infinity, they are expected to be universal, and give an exact analytical prediction to the spectral properties of the Dirac operator in the presence of a Chern-Simons term. Here, we calculate the microscopic spectral density. It shows exponentially large (complex) oscillations which cancel the phase of the k = 0 theory.
Spinors in supersymmetric dS/CFT
Authors: Hertog Thomas , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele , Venken Gerben
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study fermionic bulk fields in the dS/CFT dualities relating

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 su- persymmetric Euclidean vector models with reversed spin-statistics in three dimensions to supersymmetric Vasiliev theories in four-dimensional de Sitter space. These dualities specify the Hartle-Hawking wave function in terms of the partition function of deforma- tions of the vector models. We evaluate this wave function in homogeneous minisuperspace models consisting of supersymmetry-breaking combinations of a half-integer spin field with either a scalar, a pseudoscalar or a metric squashing. The wave function appears to be well-behaved and globally peaked at or near the supersymmetric de Sitter vacuum, with a low amplitude for large deformations. Its behavior in the semiclassical limit qualitatively agrees with earlier bulk computations both for massless and massive fermionic fields.
On a Sparse Approximation of Compressible Signals
Authors: Dziwoki Grzegorz , Kucharczyk Marcin
Published: October 2019

Many physical phenomena can be modeled by compressible signals, i.e., the signals with rapidly declining sample amplitudes. Although all the samples are usually nonzero, due to practical reasons such signals are attempted to be approximated as sparse ones. Because sparsity of compressible signals cannot be unambiguously determined, a decision about a particular sparse representation is often a result of comparison between a residual error energy of a reconstruction algorithm and some quality measure. The paper explores a relation between mean square error (MSE) of the recovered signal and the residual error. A novel, practical solution that controls the sparse approximation quality using a target MSE value is the result of these considerations. The solution was tested in numerical experiments using orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm as the signal reconstruction procedure. The obtained results show that the proposed quality metric provides fine control over the approximation process of the compressible signals in the mean sense even though it has not been directly designed for use in compressed sensing methods such as OMP.
Communication behavior of cognitively impaired older inpatients
Authors: Schnabel Eva-Luisa , Wahl Hans-Werner , Penger Susanne , Haberstroh Julia
Published: October 2019

Background and objective

Acutely ill older patients with cognitive impairment represent a major subgroup in acute care hospitals. In this context, communication plays a crucial role for patients’ well-being, healthcare decisions, and medical outcomes. As validated measures are lacking, we tested the psychometric properties of an observational instrument to assessCommunication Behavior inDementia (CODEM) in the acute care hospital setting. As a novel feature, we were also able to incorporate linguistic and social-contextual measures.

Material and methods

Data were drawn from a cross-sectional mixed methods study that focused on the occurrence of elderspeak during care interactions in two German acute care hospitals. A total of 43 acutely ill older patients with severe cognitive impairment (CI group, Mage ± SD = 83.6 ± 5.7 years) and 50 without cognitive impairment (CU group, Mage ± SD = 82.1 ± 6.3 years) were observed by trained research assistants during a standardized interview situation and rated afterwards by use of CODEM.

Results

Factor analysis supported the expected two-factor solution for the CI group, i.e., a verbal content and a nonverbal relationship aspect. Findings of the current study indicated sound psychometric properties of the CODEM instrument including internal consistency, convergent, divergent, and criterion validity.

Conclusion

CODEM represents a reliable and valid tool to examine the communication behavior of older patients with CI in the acute care hospital setting. Thus, CODEM might serve as an important instrument for researcher and healthcare professionals to describe and improve communication patterns in this environment.
A Black–Scholes inequality: applications and generalisations
Authors: Tehranchi Michael R.
Published: October 2019

The space of call price curves has a natural noncommutative semigroup structure with an involution. A basic example is the Black–Scholes call price surface, from which an interesting inequality for Black–Scholes implied volatility is derived. The binary operation is compatible with the convex order, and therefore a one-parameter sub-semigroup gives rise to an arbitrage-free market model. It is shown that each such one-parameter semigroup corresponds to a unique log-concave probability density, providing a family of tractable call price surface parametrisations in the spirit of the Gatheral–Jacquier SVI surface. An explicit example is given to illustrate the idea. The key observation is an isomorphism linking an initial call price curve to the lift zonoid of the terminal price of the underlying asset.
Correction to: An update and reassessment of fern and lycophyte diversity data in the Japanese Archipelago
Authors: Ebihara Atsushi , Nitta Joel H.
Published: October 2019

In the original publication of this article, the affiliation of one of the authors was listed incorrectly as “Smithsonian Institute”.
Sustainable Pedagogical Leadership in Finnish Early Childhood Education (ECE): An Evaluation by ECE Professionals
Authors: Fonsén Elina , Soukainen Ulla
Published: October 2019

According to previous research, the leadership in early childhood education (ECE) needs to be strengthened and improved by building sustainable structures. The aim of the current research was to investigate how ECE professionals evaluate its leadership. The context of the study was a development project called Sustainable leadership in ECE conducted in two municipalities in Finland. The purpose of the project was to investigate and create a sustainable structure for ECE leadership with the aim of strengthening pedagogical leadership. The participants were 110 ECE professionals, comprising experts, directors, teachers, and nurses. The research was based on responses to an electronic questionnaire about the quality of ECE leadership built around six themes: leadership of the organisation, Human resource management, Structure of the organisation, Pedagogical leadership, Knowledge management and work well-being, and Leadership of self. The results indicate that only in the pedagogical leadership theme were there statistically significant differences between the groups of professionals. Having high professional status and being highly qualified seem to enhance the ability of professionals to reflect critically on pedagogical leadership and to have more demanding attitudes about the quality of pedagogical leadership.
Impact of D2O on peptidization of l-proline
Authors: Fulczyk Agnieszka , Łata Eliza , Talik Ewa , Kowalska Teresa , Sajewicz Mieczysław
Published: October 2019

This is our follow-up study carried out in an order to collect experimental evidence regarding the impact of heavy water (D2O) on the spontaneous oscillatory peptidization of l-proline (l-Pro). Our earlier studies have been focused on the two sulfur-containing proteinogenic α-amino acids, i.e., l-cysteine (l-Cys) and l-methionine (l-Met), and it seemed interesting to assess the effect induced by D2O on one more proteinogenic α-amino acid, i.e., l-Pro. It needs to be added that unlike l-Met, but similar to l-Cys, the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro dissolved in the organic-aqueous solvent characterizes with the circadian rhythm. As analytical techniques, we used high-performance liquid chromatography with the evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), mass spectrometry (MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and turbidimetry. The obtained results can in certain sense be viewed as analogous to those earlier reported for l-Cys and l-Met by demonstrating that heavy water considerably hampers the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro. However, an unexpected observation was also made than unlike the cases with l-Cys and l-Met, the observed hampering effect of D2O on the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro is not monotonously dependent on the concentration of D2O in the system, but it is the strongest pronounced for 10% (v/v) D2O in the employed binary methanol–water solvent (with the investigated proportions of D2O in this solvent changing from 0 to 30%). Although we have no rational explanation for this striking effect, we believe that it should not pass unnoticed and therefore it is emphasized in this study. Maybe this firm quantitative result will prove an inspiration for future researchers interested in getting a deeper insight into the role of D2O in life processes, and more specifically in the kinetic and the mechanistic aspects thereof.
Use of Topical Tranexamic Acid Reduces Direct and Indirect Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Huerfano Elina , Huerfano Manuel , Shanaghan Kate , Barlow Maureen , Memtsoudis Stavros , Gonzalez Della Valle Alejandro
Published: October 2019

Background

In primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), evidence supports the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) as an effective strategy for reducing blood loss, but scant evidence supports its use in revision THA.

Questions/Purposes

We aimed to evaluate whether the use of topical TXA in revision THA is associated with less blood loss and lower transfusion rates and to assess its safety, specifically as it relates to thromboembolic complications.

Methods

In this retrospective comparative study, two groups who underwent revision THA between 2005 and 2017 were defined: 98 patients who received 3 g of topical TXA (study group) and 475 patients who did not receive TXA (control group). Subjects were divided into subgroups according to the type of revision. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, blood loss, and transfusions were recorded. The follow-up period was 6 weeks.

Results

Median estimated blood loss, hidden blood loss, hemoglobin drop, and transfusion rates were significantly lower in the study group. The rates of post-operative thromboembolism were similar in the two groups. According to subgroup analysis, patients with revision of the femoral component, both components, and staged exchange revisions showed significantly lower rates of transfusion.

Conclusion

Topical TXA administration during revision THA effectively reduced direct and indirect blood loss, including hidden losses, without increasing the rates of thromboembolic events. This effect appeared to be enhanced when the femoral component was revised.
Effectiveness of Echinochrome on HFD-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats
Authors: Fahmy Sohair R. , Zaki Nashwah Ismail , Eid Shaimaa Zakaria , Mohamed Ayman Saber , Hassanein Sarah S.
Published: October 2019

Obesity has been identified with an expanded danger of a progression of illnesses that include different organ-frameworks of the body. In the present examination, we evaluated the hypolipidemic properties of Echinochrome (Ech) pigment in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia in rats. After the hyperlipidemic model was set up, rats were haphazardly separated into five groups as follows: normal control group, HFD group, Atorvastatin (ATOR) group (80 mg/kg), Ech group (1 mg/kg) and combined group ATOR + Ech. The outcomes demonstrated that Ech improves lipid profile, liver functions, kidney functions and antioxidant markers of obese rats. The findings of the present investigation indicated that the Ech possesses hypolipidemic potential in obese rats.
Efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia in the treatment of diversion colitis in rats
Authors: Lima Arthur Medeiros , Nascimento Carlos Eduardo Costa , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Siqueira Gabriel Elias Cardoso , Rigo Giovana Maria , Bernardi Lauren Umpierre , Leonel Paulo Otávio Souza , Matias Rosemary , Ferreira Vitor Caldas , de Souza Vitor Cruz Rosa Pires
Published: October 2019

Rationale Disuse colitis is frequent in our country and the most effective treatment is high cost and there is a need for effective and low cost therapy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia (field rosemary) in the treatment of exclusion colitis in rats.

Method Eighteen Wistar rats were anesthetized and submitted to colostomy; they were then distributed into two groups: Control Group, receiving intrarectal saline infusion (n = 8) and Group BD receiving intrarectal infusion ofBaccharis dracunculifolia extract (n = 10); after 21 days of treatment they were euthanized, the intestinal segment excluded from intestinal transit was resected and submitted to histopathological study, classifying the degree of inflammation and degree of vascular congestion from 0 to 3.

Results Mean inflammation was 2.7 in Control Group versus 2.1 in BD Group (p = 0.049), while mean vascular congestion was 2.3 and 2, respectively, in Control and BD groups (p = 0.1642).

Conclusion Intra-rectal infusion ofBaccharis dracunculifolia extract significantly minimized the inflammatory process in the exclusion colitis of rats submitted to colostomy, without altering the degree of vascular congestion.
Effectiveness of the Aloe Vera extract in the treatment of fistula-in-ano
Authors: Cavasana Antonio Luis , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Guimarães Felipe dos Santos , Barros Fernanda Helene Reis , de Campos Gattass Carneiro Orro , Leme Guilherme Apolinário Laureano , Silva Lucas Dutra Madrid da , Wahl Lucas Marques , Gutterres Nathália Barreto de Almeida , Matias Rosemary , Câmara Sara Jéssica Falcão , Santos Sandro Endrick de Oliveira
Published: October 2019

Rationale Considering that anal fistulae are still challenging regarding their treatment due to the risk of fecal incontinence in the most complex cases and the increasing use of phytotherapeutic drugs such as Aloe Vera in medicine, even with proven healing effectiveness, there is interest in researching this drug in the treatment of anal fistulae.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy ofAloe Vera extract in the treatment of anal fistulae in rats.

Method Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g were submitted to anal fistula and after 30 days were divided into three groups: Control Group (GCo) (n = 5), Carbopol Group (GCa) (n = 5), and Aloe Vera Group (GAV) (n = 10). In the GCo no treatment was performed, while in the others a daily infusion of 0.3 mL of solution (Carbopol only in GCa and Carbopol plus Aloe Vera extract in the GAV) was performed through the external orifice of the fistula for 30 days. Afterwards, euthanasia was performed and specimens were removed for histological study. It was evaluated the closure of the fistulous tract, the area of the remaining tract, the inflammatory infiltrate and the degree of vascular congestion. The results were submitted to statistical treatment by Kruskall–Wallis test, considering p < 0.05.

Results There was no complete closure of the fistulous tract in any of the animals. The mean area of the remaining tract was 847.2 μm in the GCo, 565.6 μm in the GCa and 377.8 μm in the GAV (p < 0.05). The mean of the inflammatory infiltrate score was 2.4 in the GCo, 2.4 in the GCa and 2.3 in the GAV (p > 0.05), while in the evaluation of vascular congestion, we observed a mean of 1.6 in the GCo, 1.4 in GCa and 1.1 in GAV (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The extract of Aloe vera was able to reduce the lumen of the fistulous tract and reduce the degree of vascular congestion; however, it did not allow the complete closure of the fistulous tract nor diminished the inflammatory process.
Management of pediatric peritonsillar and deep neck infections‐ cross‐ sectional retrospective analysis
Authors: Sousa Menezes Ana , Ribeiro Daniela Correia , Guimarães Joana Rocha , Lima António Fontes , Dias Luís
Published: October 2019

Objective

Deep neck infections (DNI) are responsible for significant morbidity in children and healthcare expenditures. Few studies exist specifically addressing the clinical and epidemiologic characterization and management of DNI's in the pediatric population. Our goal was to analyse the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of peritonsillar and DNI in pediatric patients.

Methods

The medical records of patients, aged up to 18 years, admitted for peritonsillar and DNI at our department, from 2011 to 2016, were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the literature available. Ninety‐eight patients were enrolled.

Results

The mean age was higher in patients with peritonsillar abscess and lower in patients with retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal infections. Admissions have significantly increased from 2011. There was a seasonal variation for DNI incidence, with a peak incidence in Summer and Spring. All patients included were treated as inpatient and received empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy and steroids regardless of drainage procedures. Incision and drainage was performed in 72 patients. The hospital length of stay was higher among patients with retropharyngeal abscess and in the group with complications. Only 2 patients developed complications during hospital stay. The most common microbiological pattern was monomicrobial and the most commonly isolated pathogens were Streptococcus Pyogenes, Streptococcus Mitis and anaerobic bacteria.

Conclusions

Surgical incision and drainage followed by intravenous antibiotic and steroids proved to be successfull with low morbidity related to surgical approach. However, in selected cases, medical therapy may be an alternative to surgical management in uncomplicated infections.
Jam v. International Finance Corp.
Authors: Keitner Chimène I. , Dodson Scott
Published: October 2019

In Jam v. International Finance Corp., the U.S. Supreme Court held that the International Organizations Immunities Act of 1945 (IOIA) affords international organizations (IOs) the same immunity from suit in U.S. courts that foreign governments currently enjoy under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA), which codifies the restrictive theory of foreign sovereign immunity. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) had argued that the IOIA, which grants international organizations the “‘same immunity’ from suit … ‘as is enjoyed by foreign governments’” (p. 15), should be understood to provide international organizations with absolute immunity, which it argued foreign governments enjoyed prior to the United States’ explicit adoption of the restrictive theory in 1952. Under the restrictive theory, a foreign state is immune from suit for its sovereign acts (acta jure imperii), but not for its commercial acts (acta jure gestionis). By interpreting language in the IOIA as granting the “same immunity” to international organizations as foreign governments enjoy at the time the suit is filed, the Supreme Court aligned the regime for IO immunity with that of foreign state immunity, except in cases where the IO's founding charter provides a different rule or where the executive branch has explicitly limited immunity. It remains to be seen what IO activities are deemed “commercial” under this regime and what types of transactions are found to have a sufficient nexus to the United States to fall within the FSIA's commercial-activity exception.
Wightman et al. v. Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union
Authors: Azaria Danae
Published: October 2019

The CJEU held that the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is allowed to unilaterally revoke the notification of its intention to withdraw from the European Union (EU) as long as the revocation is submitted in writing to the European Council before the UK's withdrawal takes effect, and as long as the revocation is “unequivocal and unconditional, that is to say that the purpose of that revocation is to confirm the EU membership of the member state concerned under terms that are unchanged as regards its status as a member state, and that revocation brings the withdrawal procedure to an end” (para. 74).
Vodou's role in Haitian mental health
Authors: Auguste E. , Rasmussen A.
Published: October 2019

This paper gives an overview of Vodou's history in Haiti and how Vodou informs Haitian mental health interventions.
Nodding syndrome research, lessons learned from the NSETHIO project
Authors: Geelhand de Merxem D. , Siewe Fodjo J. N. , Menon S. , Hotterbeekx A. , Colebunders R.
Published: October 2019

Background.

Until recently, nodding syndrome (NS) was considered as a mysterious disease of unknown etiology. A link between onchocerciasis and epilepsy was suspected for a long time. However, onchocerciasis was not considered as the cause of NS because NS was believed to occur only in onchocerciasis-endemic regions in Uganda, South Sudan, and Tanzania. In October 2015, with funding from the European Research Council, the NSETHIO group launched a trans-disciplinary, multi-country research project to identify the cause of NS and to study the link between onchocerciasis and epilepsy.

Methods.

We reviewed NSETHIO activities as well as all published papers, and compared project findings with results of previous research on NS.

Results

Findings from the NSETHIO project showed that NS is only one of the clinical manifestations in the wide spectrum of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) that could be prevented by strengthening onchocerciasis elimination programs. NSETHIO demonstrated that OAE is an important neglected public health problem in onchocerciasis-endemic areas with no or a sub-optimally functioning onchocerciasis control strategies.

Conclusions.

Today there is overwhelming evidence that NS together with the Nakalanga syndrome is clinical presentations of OAE, a condition that could be prevented by strengthening onchocerciasis elimination programs. While research needs to continue to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms causing NS, new strategies to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination coupled with community-based surveillance and treatment programs for epilepsy are urgently needed in areas of high Onchocerca volvulus transmission.
University Blues: Role of Attachment and Distress on Students’ Evaluations of Instructors’ Teaching Performance
Authors: Reid Jessica , Scharfe Elaine
Published: October 2019

Despite concerns about bias, student evaluations of teaching continue to be significant to faculty career advancement in academia. In a recent study, attachment representations were shown to be associated with students’ perceptions of instructors (Henson & Scharfe, 2011); students with insecure-anxious representations were more likely to rate their professors negatively. These data, however, were cross-sectional, and the role of distress in this association was not examined. To examine the influence of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the association between attachment representations and evaluations of instructors’ teaching performance, 102 undergraduate students (91% female, 17–38 years old) completed questionnaires at two time points during the semester. Interestingly, both attachment anxiety and avoidance measured at the beginning of the semester were negatively associated with teaching evaluations at the end of the semester, and this effect was stronger for participants who reported high anxiety and depressive symptoms. The findings are consistent with previous work exploring the perception of others of depressed and non-depressed individuals, and provides some support for Bowlby's original proposals concerning the importance of distress in understanding the effects of attachment. Strategies to support students’ transition to post-secondary education and to promote positive teaching evaluations are discussed.
An Anatomy of Bengaluru's ICT Cluster: A Community Detection Approach
Authors: Turkina Ekaterina , Van Assche Ari
Published: October 2019

We use community detection analysis to investigate the structure of Bengaluru's ICT cluster's inter-organizational network during the period 2015–2017. Building on the knowledge sourcing literature, we conjecture that cluster firms primarily build knowledge-seeking horizontal linkages with technologically similar companies, and that this splits the network into multiple technological communities within which firms are tightly connected, but between which linkages are scarce. We further propose that community-spanning firms which build horizontal linkages that bridge technological communities are more likely to conduct radical innovation than their peers. We finally argue that no relation exists between technological proximity and community formation in the network of vertical buyer-supplier relations. Using a voltage-based algorithm for community discovery, we draw empirical support for these predictions. We discuss the implications of our findings for Bengaluru's upgrading potential.
UNTYING THE GORGIANIC ‘NOT’: ARGUMENTATIVE STRUCTURE IN ON NOT-BEING
Authors: Rodriguez Evan
Published: October 2019

Gorgias’ On Not-Being survives only in two divergent summaries. Diels–Kranz's classic edition prints the better-preserved version that appears in Sextus’ Aduersus Mathematicos. Yet, in recent years there has been rising interest in a second summary that survives as part of the anonymous De Melisso, Xenophane, Gorgia (= MXG). The text of MXG is more difficult; it contains substantial lacunae that often make it much harder to make grammatical let alone philosophical sense of. As Alexander Mourelatos reports, one manuscript has a scribal note that reads: ‘The original contains many errors; no one should blame me; I just copy what I see.’2 The treatise's state of preservation has aptly prompted Michael Gagarin to liken it to a black hole: ‘something we cannot see directly but know must exist because of certain effects it has on other objects.’3
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on metaphor comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Do task properties matter?
Authors: Kalandadze Tamar , Bambini Valentina , Næss Kari-Anne B.
Published: October 2019

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in comprehending metaphors compared to individuals with typical development (TD). However, there is a large variation in the results across studies, possibly related to the properties of the metaphor tasks. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (a) explored the properties of the metaphor tasks used in ASD research, and (b) investigated the group difference between individuals with ASD and TD on metaphor comprehension, as well as the relationship between the task properties and any between-study variation. A systematic search was undertaken in seven relevant databases. Fourteen studies fulfilled our predetermined inclusion criteria. Across tasks, we detected four types of response format and a great variety of metaphors in terms of familiarity, syntactic structure, and linguistic context. Individuals with TD outperformed individuals with ASD on metaphor comprehension (Hedges’ g = −0.63). Verbal explanation response format was utilized in the study showing the largest effect size in the group comparison. However, due to the sparse experimental manipulations, the role of task properties could not be established. Future studies should consider and report task properties to determine their role in metaphor comprehension, and to inform experimental paradigms as well as educational assessment.
Semantic integration declines independently of working memory in aging
Authors: Zhu Zude , Wang Suiping , Xu Nannan , Li Mengya , Yang Yiming
Published: October 2019

Semantic integration and working memory both decline with age. However, it remains unclear whether the semantic integration decline is independent of working memory decline or whether it can be solely explained by the latter factor. In this event-related potentials experiment, 43 younger adults and 43 cognitively healthy older adults read semantically congruent and incongruent sentences. After controlling for working memory, behavioral accuracy was significantly lower in the older adults than in the younger adults. In addition, the semantic integration related N400 effect (incongruent vs. congruent) for correct trials was apparent in the whole brain in the younger adults but restricted to the posterior region in the older adults. The results clarify the relationship between working memory and semantic integration, and clearly demonstrate that semantic integration decline is independent of working memory decline during aging.
JUDAEO-CONVERSOMERCHANTS IN THE PRIVATE TRADE BETWEEN MACAO AND MANILA IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
Authors: de Sousa Lúcio
Published: October 2019

The present paper intends to contribute with new information to a reconstruction of the Sephardic presence in the Macao–Manila commercial network. For this purpose, in the first place, we intend to trace the profile of theJudaeo-conversomerchants arriving in China and the Philippines and to reconstruct the commercial networks to which they belonged during the 16thand early 17thcenturies.
Cost effectiveness of dengue vaccination following pre-vaccination serological screening in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera Sathira , John Denny , Senanayaka Buddhika
Published: October 2019

Objective

This study sets an example of an economic evaluation of a model dengue vaccination strategy for Sri Lanka, following a mandatory pre-vaccination screening strategy.

Methods

A decision analytic Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a predicted dengue vaccination strategy over a time horizon of 10 years. The cost effectiveness of dengue vaccination strategy for seropositive individuals was estimated in terms of incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) (cost per additional quality adjusted life-year [QALY]). District-specific ICER values and the budget impact for dengue vaccine were estimated with appropriate sensitivity analyses, also taking the variability of the pre-vaccination screening test performance into consideration.

Results

The ICER for the predicted vaccination strategy following pre-vaccination screening was 4,382 USD/QALY for Sri Lanka. There was a significant regional variation in vaccine cost effectiveness. The disaggregated regional incidence of dengue and the need to perform pre-vaccination screening affects the cost effectiveness estimates significantly, where a safer version of the vaccine has the potential to become cost saving in high incidence districts.

Conclusions

The cost effectiveness of the predicted dengue vaccination strategy following pre-vaccination screening showed a significant regional variation across the districts of Sri Lanka. District-wise disease incidence and the need for pre-vaccination screening was found to be the most significant factors affecting the cost effectiveness of the vaccine.
ORDERING RESULTS ON EXTREMES OF EXPONENTIATED LOCATION-SCALE MODELS
Authors: Das Sangita , Kayal Suchandan , Choudhuri Debajyoti
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we consider exponentiated location-scale model and obtain several ordering results between extreme order statistics in various senses. Under majorization type partial order-based conditions, the comparisons are established according to the usual stochastic order, hazard rate order and reversed hazard rate order. Multiple-outlier models are considered. When the number of components are equal, the results are obtained based on the ageing faster order in terms of the hazard rate and likelihood ratio orders. For unequal number of components, we develop comparisons according to the usual stochastic order, hazard rate order, and likelihood ratio order. Numerical examples are considered to illustrate the results.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Disaster on the Mental Health of Medical Responders
Authors: Naushad Vamanjore Aboobaker , Bierens Joost JLM , Nishan Kunnummel Purayil , Firjeeth Chirakkal Paramba , Mohammad Osama Hashim , Maliyakkal Abdul Majeed , ChaliHadan Sajid , Schreiber Merritt D.
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Medical responders are at-risk of experiencing a wide range of negative psychological health conditions following a disaster.

Aim:

Published literature was reviewed on the adverse psychological health outcomes in medical responders to various disasters and mass casualties in order to: (1) assess the psychological impact of disasters on medical responders; and (2) identify the possible risk factors associated with psychological impacts on medical responders.

Methods:

A literature search of PubMed, Discovery Service, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies on the prevalence/risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental disorders in medical responders of disasters and mass casualties was carried out using pre-determined keywords. Two reviewers screened the 3,545 abstracts and 28 full-length articles which were included for final review.

Results:

Depression and PTSD were the most studied outcomes in medical responders. Nurses reported higher levels of adverse outcomes than physicians. Lack of social support and communication, maladaptive coping, and lack of training were important risk factors for developing negative psychological outcomes across all types of disasters.

Conclusions:

Disasters have significant adverse effects on the mental well-being of medical responders. The prevalence rates and presumptive risk factors varied among three different types of disasters. There are certain high-risk, vulnerable groups among medical responders, as well as certain risk factors for adverse psychological outcomes. Adapting preventive measures and mitigation strategies aimed at high-risk groups would be beneficial in decreasing negative outcomes.
Fading local effects: boom and bust evidence from a Peruvian gold mine
Authors: Orihuela José Carlos , Gamarra-Echenique Victor
Published: October 2019

The local effects of mining might simply come and go with mine production. In this paper we revisit Aragón and Rud's (2013) study of the Yanacocha mine, frequently cited to account for local economic effects and backward linkages, but we offer a more nuanced interpretation: first, effects fade with the mine exhaustion; and second, impacts are the result of consumption boom-and-bust dynamics. While we find it more conceptually accurate to reserve the concept of backward linkages for effects of a productive nature, our evidence reveals that unskilled services is the one sector that benefits, in contrast to manufactures and skilled services. We stress that impact evaluations of mines are contingent to time and place, and contend that exploring the extent to which multipliers generate spillovers is central. The short-run effects of a mine might in fact give little indication of how to tell or make a blessing from a curse.
Carl Schmitt and the evolution of Chinese constitutional theory: Conceptual transfer and the unexpected paths of legal globalisation
Authors: BRANG LUCAS
Published: October 2019

The intense reception of Carl Schmitt’s writings among Chinese constitutional theorists is one of the more striking phenomena within the globalisation of constitutional thought in recent decades. This article approaches it from two angles. First, the reception of Schmitt and the subsequent debates about his oeuvre and persona are interpreted as performative practices in which Schmitt soon emerged as both the bête noire of a liberal-leaning constitutional scholarship and an object of romantic projection for avant-garde theoretical endeavours. Engagement with Schmitt thus crucially contributed to the emergence of both a neo-conservative and a critical-liberal sensibility among Chinese legal scholars. Second, with the rise of what is known in China as Political Constitutionalism in the mid-2000s, Schmitt also began to exert a more substantive terminological and conceptual influence on Chinese constitutional theory more generally, leaving his imprint on some of its fundamental theoretical binaries. Looking at the Chinese debate on Schmitt, therefore, not only grants us a unique glimpse into how constitutional debates are structured and evolving in contemporary China, it also demonstrates the often-unexpected trajectories of conceptual migration in the global age.
Variables Related to Victimization and Perpetration of Dating Violence in Adolescents in Residential Care Settings
Authors: Dosil María , Jaureguizar Joana , Bermaras Elena
Published: October 2019

Violence in dating relationships constitutes a serious problem, thus, the study of related factors could help to better understand this violence and intervene in it. This study had three goals: (1) To analyze the prevalence of dating violence in adolescents under residential care settings according to sex and age; (2) to explore the relationships between victimization and perpetration in adolescents’ dating violence, sexist attitudes and clinical variables; and (3) to identify variables associated to adolescents’ dating violence (victimization and perpetration). The sample comprised 271 adolescents (54.6% boys and 45.4% girls), aged between 12 and 17 years (M= 15.23,SD= 1.60). The victimization (R2= .17,p<.001) and perpetration(R2= .20.p< .001) results showed prevalence rates higher than those of previous studies. Sex was not a differentiating factor for perpetration of dating violence, but age was: the older they were, the higher the perpetration rate. In the case of victimization, an interaction between sex and age was found. Results showed that age, sex, hostile sexism and depression were variables associated to victimization whereas age, hostile sexism and depression were associated to perpetration of dating violence.
Simplifying Age Progressions within the Cook‐Austral Islands using ARGUS‐VI High‐Resolution 40Ar/39Ar Incremental Heating Ages
Authors: Rose Joanna , Koppers Anthony A.P.
Published: October 2019

The Cook‐Austral islands do not exhibit a simple linear age progression from a single point of active volcanism, in contrast to other Pacific island chains. Explaining this anomaly, however, has been difficult due to the low reliability of the existing K/Ar ages for these islands. Here we present 56 new incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar age determinations for eight of the Cook‐Austral islands. We show that these 40Ar/39Ar ages are on average 10–40% different and generally older than the K/Ar ages for the same samples, are more reproducible within single lava flows, exhibit less scatter among data from a single island, and are more reliable than published K/Ar age determinations. Our new data result in two clearly defined and matching age‐progressive trends, with origins at the Macdonald and Arago seamounts. This supports the hypothesis that the Macdonald and Rurutu tracks formed by two contemporaneous hotspots aligned in the direction of plate motion. Compared to other volcanic chains on the Pacific plate, the Cook‐Austral hotspot tracks record angular rotational plate velocities (0.96 ± 0.05 to 1.09 ± 0.04°/Ma) similar to Hawaii (1.15°/Ma) but faster than Samoa (0.63°/Ma). This may imply that hot spot location relative to tectonic boundaries may have an effect on the age progressions recorded by volcanic chains. Specifically, the Cook‐Austral and Hawaii hot spots have over the last 30 Myr been located truly intraplate and thus far away from any tectonic boundary, while Samoa has been proximal to the active Tonga‐Kermedec subduction zone.
Constraints on Emplacement Rates of Intrusions in the Shallow Crust Based on Paleomagnetic Secular Variation
Authors: Giorgis Scott , Horsman Eric , Burmeister Kurtis C. , Rost Rebecca , Herbert Lauren A. , Pivarunas Anthony , Braunagel Michael
Published: October 2019

In small‐volume igneous intrusions, the duration of magmatism can be difficult to determine because assembly of an intrusion from component magma pulses may occur within geochronologic uncertainties. We demonstrate that the paleomagnetic record of short‐term movement of the geomagnetic pole (secular variation) can place constraints on the duration of intrusion assembly over shorter time periods. An analysis of 14C data paired with paleomagnetic data from lava flows illustrates this approach. The flows record paleosecular variation that, when combined with the maximum rate of secular variation from the Holocene, returns a minimum time elapsed between any two flows. Data from an Oligocene laccolith indicate that this system records a minimum of 49° of secular variation and therefore took at least 750 years to be emplaced. High‐precision radiometric geochronology would be unable to resolve this assembly, suggesting that the paleosecular variation record in shallow igneous rocks contains valuable temporal constraints on upper crustal magmatism.
Understanding the Signal‐to‐Noise Paradox with a Simple Markov Model
Authors: Zhang Wei , Kirtman Ben
Published: October 2019

There is a growing list of examples for the existence of the signal‐to‐noise paradox, where in the ensemble‐based climate prediction, the model ensemble mean forecast generally shows higher correlations with observations than with individual ensemble members. This seems to lead to a paradox that the model makes better predictions for the real world than predicting itself. Here we introduce a Markov model to represent the ensemble forecasts and reproduce the signal‐to‐noise paradox, which we argue is primarily dependent on the magnitude of the persistence and noise variance between the models and the corresponding observations. The monthly North Atlantic Oscillation indices based on uninitialized historical simulations of 40 CMIP5 models have been analyzed, suggesting that the signal‐to‐noise paradox is common in currently available coupled models, and the paradox is not due to problems with initialization processes used in the seasonal‐to‐decadal predictions in previous studies and is instead a general model problem.
Responses of Multiday Oscillations in the Nighttime Thermospheric Temperature to Solar and Geomagnetic Activities Measured by Fabry‐Perot Interferometer in China
Authors: Liu Yangkun , Xu Jiyao , Liu Xiao , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Yuan Wei , Liu Weijun , Wu Kun , Wang Chi
Published: October 2019

The nighttime thermospheric temperature (~250 km) measured by FPI (Fabry‐Perot interferometer) at Xinglong (40.2°N, 117.4°E) station from 2010 to 2018 is used to investigate the responses of the multiday oscillations (periods of 27, 13.5, 9, and 7 days) in thermospheric temperature to oscillations in F10.7 and Ap index. The results show that (1) the 27‐, 13.5‐, 9‐, and 7‐day oscillations in the thermospheric temperature depend on solar phases. The 27‐day oscillations are predominant during solar maximum, while the 13.5‐, 9‐, and 7‐day oscillations are significant during solar ascending phase, and (2) the 27‐day oscillations in the thermospheric temperature are highly correlated (correlation coefficient >0.8) with the F10.7 and Ap index. Especially during solar maximum phase, the high‐correlation occurrence rate between the thermospheric temperature and F10.7 (Ap index) is up to 278.5 (191.0) days per year; (3) the 13.5‐, 9‐, and 7‐day oscillations are highly correlated with Ap index during the solar descending phase; and (4) the phase lags corresponding to the largest high‐correlation occurrence rates are mostly about 0.1π during specific solar phase.
Modeling Frequency‐Independent Q Viscoacoustic Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous Media
Authors: Xing Guangchi , Zhu Tieyuan
Published: October 2019

Quantifying the attenuation of seismic waves propagating in the Earth interior is critical to study the subsurface structure. Previous studies have proposed fractional anelastic wave equations to model the frequency‐independent Q seismic wave propagation. Such wave equations involve fractional derivatives that pose computational challenges for the numerical schemes in terms of accuracy and efficiency when dealing with heterogeneous Earth media. To tackle these challenges, here we derive a new viscoacoustic wave equation, where the power terms of the fractional Laplacian operators are spatially independent, thus accurate and efficient methods (e.g., the Fourier pseudospectral method) can be adopted. Our derivation enables the resultant equation to capture both amplitude and phase signatures of the anelastic wave propagation by matching the complex wave numbers for all the frequencies of interest. We verify the derivation by comparing the dispersion curves of both the attenuation factor and the phase velocity produced by the new wave equation with their theoretical values as well as the Pierre Shale in situ measurements. Following that, we use a synthetic attenuating gas chimney model to demonstrate the attenuation effects on seismic waveforms and then construct the Q‐compensated reverse time migration to undo these effects for seismic image enhancement. Finally, we find that our forward modeling results can characterize the spatiotemporal attenuation effects revealed in the Frio‐II CO2 injection time‐lapse seismic monitoring data. We expect this proposed equation to be useful to quantify the attenuation in seismic data to push the resolution limits of seismic imaging and inversion.
Inferring Air‐Sea Carbon Dioxide Transfer Velocities From Sea Surface Scatterometer Measurements
Authors: Ghobadian M. , Stammer D.
Published: October 2019

C‐band microwave sea surface radar backscatter observations from the FINO‐2 tower in the western Baltic are analyzed with respect to their relevance for air‐sea CO2 transfer velocity parameterizations. The scatterometer measurements observed from a height of 25 m above the sea surface using a multifrequency scatterometer instrument of the University of Hamburg were obtained quasi‐simultaneously with eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements. Both data sets are merged here to derive a gas transfer velocity parameterization based on radar backscatter measurements. At the location of the FINO‐2 tower, the resulting time‐averaged gas transfer velocity amounts to 26.95 cm/hr. In combination with
measurements available from the vicinity of the FINO‐2 platform, a time‐mean CO2 flux of 0.23 μmol·m−2·s−1 into the Baltic was estimated. Applied to monthly mean satellite‐based C‐band ASCAT scatterometer data, the newly derived gas transfer velocity parameterization provides estimates of seasonal and annual mean global maps of air‐sea transfer velocities. The new results agree in their general pattern with previous estimates using wind speed parameterization. However, the backscatter‐based transfer velocities appear smaller at higher latitudes. Globally averaged air‐sea CO2 fluxes would thereby be reduced by 20%. To what extent this is a robust result, or if it depends on the fact that the training data set did not represent conditions, has to be investigated in the future.