bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethno-zootechnics from the perspective of dairy farmers in the brazilian cerrado
Authors: Bráulio Roberta de Castro , Redin Ezequiel , Pereira Anderson Alvarenga , Mota Diego Azevedo , Melo Thiago Vasconcelos
Published: April 2023

Considering the valuable environmental and cultural heritage existing in the world in the context of agribusiness, it is possible to highlight the role of ethno-zootechnics as an important new tool for understanding these values, the rescue and generational transmission of livestock knowledge are relevant. Given this, the objective was to understand the perception of milk producers from the Ethno-zootechnical perspective. Through a semi-structured script, questionnaires were carried out with 41 interviewees and representatives of dairy farms to register the relevance of basic cultural knowledge associating them with social, economic and social environmental development. Cluster analysis was carried out using the hierarchical method. It was concluded that part of the dairy farmers located in the Northwest region of Minas Gerais state, the man/animal relationship is important, with traits of affection and utility. The transmission of traditional knowledge of the dairy activity is important, and that they believe that scientific and traditional knowledge can be beneficial in rural activity.
Didactic biomodels in animal physiology learning: implementation in undergraduate veterinary medicine
Authors: Quinche David Fernando Balaguera , Balaguera Quinche Paula Andrea , Vesga Castillejo Javier Arturo
Published: April 2023

Didactic biomodels have been used as a learning tool for physiology teaching, they are three-dimensional functional - artificial models that seek an approximation to the organisms function, and also to help its understanding. The objective of this study was to explore the student`s learning experience through the implementation of didactic biomodels in two universities located in Bogotá city, the subject was physiology in an undergraduate population of veterinary medicine for a whole academic year. This method consisted in using different tools such as structured surveys, Metacognition formats, teamwork and characterization of the models according to the biological system. Results in general were positive and indicated the value of didactic biomodels as a learning method and to knowledge acquisition, the students valued high marks in teamwork as a complement in solving problems, likewise, the models that aroused more interest were those carried out in unconventional species and the nervous system.
A low-frequency acoustic sensing scheme based on cladding mode of large-angle tilted fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Zuo Yi-Wu , Tian Jing , Yang Qing , Hu Xiao , Jiang Yang ,   College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Published: April 2023

A novel low frequency acoustic sensor based on the cladding mode of large-angle tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is proposed and verified in this work. It mainly uses the characteristic that the coupling mode of the core and cladding mode in TFBG is easy to change when the TFBG experiences micro-bend, which will finally causes a dramatic drift in the spectrum. By combining a large-angle TFBG with the designed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transducer diaphragm and cavity structure, an effective low-frequency acoustic sensing system is obtained in this work. Under the action of applied acoustic wave, the transducer membrane will have periodic vibrations, which will makes the fixed TFBG dynamically bend, directly leading to a wavelength shift of the cladding mode spectrum. The experimental results show that the sensing system can achieve high-sensitivity acoustic detection in a frequency range of 45–220 Hz, and a maximum acoustic pressure sensitivity of 115.88 mV/Pa at 54 Hz. Moreover, the minimum detection sound pressure can achieve 539.2 μPa/Hz1/2@54 Hz. Therefore, the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good repeatability, simple structure, easy processing, etc. It has a great development prospect in the low-frequency acoustic detection related application fields.
Introduction
Authors: Panieri Giuliana , Stiller-Reeve Mathew
Published: April 2023

An introduction to the 16 interdisciplinary lesson plans and ideas about the ocean and connecting to it via the senses that make up this booklet. The booklet was developed as part of the Advancing Knowledge about Methane in the Arctic (AKMA) Project, which is also briefly presented here.
Enhancing Livelihood: A Case of Cycle-Rickshaw Pullers in Amritsar city.
Authors: Arora Nishant , Utkarsh Kumar
Published: April 2023

In India, the livelihood of rickshaw pullers is in a worse state where they have to face severe climatic conditions, poverty, and social values as well as the economic values of the society. This research paper will try to identify the effective socio-financial reasons for rickshaw pulling. The detrimental consequences of their fitness of pullers and the issues confronted with the socio-economic and personal measures both had been additionally taken into consideration. This study article is based mostly on the statistical data which were collected from the primary survey and the personal interview in the form of the direct questionnaire sent to respondents in Amritsar city. This survey was executed at some key junctions or major intervals in February and March 2019. The studies concluded that although rickshaw drivers are counted as the salient members of the underprivileged community, they hold important positions in the intercity public transport system. The running surroundings are neither regulated nor are their social protection problems forwarded. They are generally uninformed approximately of the government schemes neither release relief for their poverty nor do their availability of fundamental services likewise their poor centralinfrastructures.
Single Root with C-shaped Canal Configuration in all the Posterior Teeth of a Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ali Afzal , Ariciog?lu Banu , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly , Zoya Asma , Arslan Hakan
Published: April 2023

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) allows three-dimensional evaluation of external root morphology and internal canal configuration of teeth thus allowing accurate diagnosis of rare complexities in the root canal system. This case study presented root canal re-treatment of a maxillary first molar #16 of a 29 years old female patient, wherein, thorough radiographic examination revealed single root morphology in all the teeth. CBCT analysis confirmed the root form and root canal configuration. Endodontic retreatment of the #16 was performed. The maxillary first molars had single fused roots with C-shaped canal configuration while maxillary second and third molars had O-shaped canals with single fused roots bilaterally. The mandibular first molars had two completely fused roots hence with C-shape canal configuration. While the mandibular second and third molars also had C-shaped canal configuration with single fused roots. The canal configuration of maxillary and mandibular molars was classified according to Martin’s and Fan’s classification respectively. This unique finding of single root with C-shaped canal configuration in all the posterior teeth of a single patient has not been reported in literature.
Role of Cross-sectional Imaging in Evaluation of Parotid Gland Tumours: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Govisetty Ashwini , Ramakrishnan Karthikkrishna , Gunasekaran Veeraraghavan , Jonnalagadda Komali , Chander R Vimal , Natarajan Paarthipan
Published: April 2023

Radiological evaluation of the parotid gland neoplasms is a major challenge for radiologists, due to the wide variety of imaging features and differential diagnosis. Though Ultrasonography (USG) combined with guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the primary diagnostic modality, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) play an important role in the evaluation of patients presenting with suspected neoplastic lesions of the parotid gland. Cross-sectional imaging data of seven patients were selected and reviewed in detail. CT and MRI imaging had been done on patients referred to Radiology Department for clinically suspected parotid tumours. All of them underwent surgical excision and histopathological examination postimaging. Benign tumours usually arise from superficial lobe and exhibit strong signal intensity on T2 weighted images with well-defined margins. Lobulated margins with T2 dark rim are characteristic of pleomorphic adenoma. Hyperdense lesion with cystic changes with occasional bilateralism favour Warthin’s tumour. Most of the malignant parotid tumours involve deep lobe and appear as low signal lesion on T2 weighted imaging with ill-defined margins. Locally aggressive features like subcutaneous/deep infiltration strongly suggests malignancy. Cross-sectional imaging feature of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is variable from focally aggressive to totally aggressive tumourigenesis. Few malignant tumours like high-grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (AdCC) can show tendency towards perineural spread. Although histopathological examination is required for definitive diagnosis, few pathology-specific imaging findings on cross-sectional imaging can help in localising and characterising the parotid lesions and categorising innocuous benign from sinister malignant lesions and thus narrow down the differential diagnosis.
The impact of plant diseases on wildlife in Australia
Authors: Summerell Brett A.
Published: April 2023

The majority of Australia's unique flora has evolved in isolation separated from many of the world's major plant pathogens. As these pathogens have made their way into Australia the impact on plant species, ecological communities and the fauna that depends on them has been dramatic. Two plant diseases, Phytophthora root rot and Myrtle Rust, are used as examples to illustrate the impact diseases can have on fauna. As animals are either explicitly or implicitly dependent on plants for their survival the deleterious impacts of plant diseases on flora inevitably flows onto animals either limiting food resources, habitat or shelter for reproduction. The consequences, particularly for fauna already under threat, are that plant diseases will not only push plants towards extinction, but also those animals dependent on them.
Client’s Satisfaction with Child Health Care Delivery in Tamale Teaching Hospital
Authors: Persues Afoko , Chirawurah Dennis , Nyarko Simon , Abdul-Wadudu Faridu , Baniakette Aaron Kamboe Bornette
Published: April 2023

Background: Studies conducted in public hospitals in Ghana have provided empirical evidence of an inadequate level of quality of health care services, both in terms of objective measures of client opinions and those of health care providers.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess client satisfaction with the quality of healthcare delivery at the Child Health Department of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH).

Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study design using purposeful and convenience sampling techniques were used to obtain 385 parents or caregivers and 6 health professionals at the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) from July, 2021 to April, 2022. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, and a semi-structured interview guide was used to collect qualitative data.

Results: Most (90.9%) of the respondents are of the view that their children’s health needs were catered for in the facility while only 0.2% of respondents strongly disagreed that their child’s health needs were catered for in the facility. The study indicates that the 1st most ranked important satisfactory factor to the client’s healthcare service quality is tangibility with an RII of 1.20 and the least ranked was priority and responsiveness of RII of 0.40 respectively.

Conclusions: Child healthcare service patronage in TTH is generally high. Although the needs of the people are met, we recommend that the management of the hospital should prioritize medical and surgical conditions in the hospital by providing equipment and logistics.
Dynamic use of Cow Pat Pit, Biodynamic Preparations and Peppering in Organic Farming
Authors: Ningombi Devashree , Dafouti Aashi , Nagpal Pranjal , Nanda Haris Bashir , Banerjee Shubhanjali , Kaushal Shilpa
Published: April 2023

Working with the energies that produce and maintain life is referred to as biodynamic farming. It is a type of organic farming using farming inputs made from herbs, minerals, and raw materials processed in complex ways, and then applied to the soil and crops in minute doses. However, what distinguishes biodynamic farming from organic farming is that biodynamic farming makes use of an astrological calendar to determine the most auspicious times for planting, cultivating, and harvesting. It collaborates with the energy of the Sun, Moon, constellations, and planets to produce and sustain life. The ideas of biodynamic agriculture include substance and energy, soil, organic matter, humus, cow manure, cosmic forces, biodynamic preparations, crop rotation, peppering, farm organisms, and the control of weeds, pests, and disease. The main objective of this paper is to review and briefly highlight biodynamic cow pat pit (CPP), different types of biodynamic preparations, biodynamic peppering, and how they are related to the cosmic cycles. Biodynamic Cow Pat Pit (CPP) is a biodynamic preparation that uses cow manure to boost the humus-forming processes of the soil and encourage soil activity. On the other hand, biodynamic preparations are numbered from 500 to 508 and are straightforward, all-natural homeopathic remedies prepared from yarrow, chamomile, horn silica, and other plants. And lastly, biodynamic peppering deals with an unbalanced insect problem, animal pests, or weed problem. So, overall biodynamic agriculture uses the natural resources and energy available upon itself to create and maintain life. It somehow increases the nutritional quality of the food, improves seed vitality, fewer weeds, pests, and disease infestation, and produces living soil and healthy plants for sustainable agriculture.
Evaluation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Agro-climatic Zone of Prayagraj, India
Authors: Nachiketa  , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Naini Agriculture Institute, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Kharif, 2022 on sandy loamy soil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice, consisting of ten hybrids i.e., R-205, R-210, R-212, R-218, R-242, R-248, R-256, R-300, R-305, R-311. The field experiment result revealed that R-305 has significantly increased the growth parameters viz., Plant height (125.87 cm), Number of tillers (16.30), Plant dry weight (47.60 g/plant), Tillers/m2 (388.10), Panicle length (29.34 cm), Grain yield (6.95 t/ha) and Straw yield (12.80 t/ha). Maximum gross return (INR 200625/ha), net return (INR151579/ha), and highest B:C ratio (3.09) was also in recorded R-305.
On Representations of the Lorentz Group
Authors: Gerber Paul R.
Published: April 2023

The Lorentz group is a non-compact group. Consequently, it's representations cannot be expected to be equivalent to representations of a unitary group. Actually, they act on a large-component space and a separated small-component space, in some sense analogous to 4-vectors. In contrast to representations of compact groups state vectors carry the actual value of the non-compact variables, the boost-vector. In the non-boosted state the small components vanish and the large components transform according to a representation of the rotation subgroup. Application of a boost then generates small components, a process that preserves norms. However, the norm now has a growing positive contribution from the large-components and a negative contribution from the small-components, growing absolutely to keep the total unchanged. General transformations are described in detail. The freedom to assign boost directions to the phases of small components leads to a topological symmetry with avor-generating representations for two sheeted representations.
Analisa Gerakan Rolling, Pitching, dan Vertikal Truk 3 Axle dengan Penggerak Motor Listrik IWM pada Saat Melewati Polisi Tidur
Authors: Hernando Ivan Christian
Published: April 2023

Paper ini menginvestigasi bagaimana gerakan rolling, pitching, dan gerakan vertikal dari sebuah truk dengan tiga axle. Analisa ini diselesaikan dengan melakukan pemodelan dinamis terlebih dahulu pada truk kemudian setelah model dinamik didapatkan selanjutnya dilakukan pembuatan model Simulink pada software Matlab. Analisa dilakukan dengan membuat asumsi kendaraan melewati sebuah polisi tidur. Kendaraan melewati polisi tidur dengan kecepatan yang disesuaikan dengan kecepatan roda berputar dimana roda digerakkan oleh sebuah motor yang tertanam pada velg atau disebut dengan in wheel motor. Hasil pergerakan dari masing-masing bagian dari truk yang dipertimbangkan ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik. Dari hasil tersebut dapat terlihat bahwa truk membutuhkan sebuah alat untuk meredam getaran dari rolling. Hal ini mengakibatkan tinggi perpindahan maksimum dari tempat duduk adalah 11.2 cm yang dimana hampir sama dengan tinggi maksimum polisi tidur yang tentu akan mengurangi kenyamanan pengemudi.
Towards individuation
Authors: Milton Chris
Published: April 2023

Jungian theory and practice, more properly called analytical psychology, like psycho-analysis (Ogden, 1994, 1996, 1997), has dethroned the notion of a central conscious subject and replaced it with the notion of the centrality of a dialectic between consciousness and the unconscious. This shift away from the notion of a central conscious subject is scribed in the idea of individuation. Indeed analytical psychology is itself centred on the notion of individuation and, as Brooke (1991a, p. 88) has so forthrightly put it: 'Individuation is not "individualism'". How then does this challenge to individualism find expression in analytical psychology and what are the implications for analytic practice?
Nanoconfined Molecular Catalysts in Integrated Gas Diffusion Electrodes for High‐Current‐Density CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Lv Xiangzhou , Liu Qian , Yang Hao , Wang Jianghao , Wu Xiuju , Li Xiaotong , Qi Zhifu , Yan Jianhua , Wu Angjian , Cheng Tao , Wu Hao Bin
Published: April 2023

Molecular catalysts are promising catalysts to electrochemically convert CO2 into CO with high selectivity. However, achieving industrial‐level current density remains challenging due to the limitation of charge‐ and mass‐transport in gas diffusion electrode. Herein, a novel gas diffusion electrode architecture by confining highly dispersed cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules into ‐graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (denoted as CoPc@GO) is designed. Benefiting from the accelerated CO2 diffusion and charge transport in the nanoconfined structure, the designed electrode achieves a high CO partial current density of 481.65 ± 12.50 mA cm−2 and a cathode energy efficiency over 64% for CO. The experimentally measured CO2 transport dynamics and molecular dynamics simulation confirm the accelerated CO2 diffusion, while theoretical calculations reveal the decreased energy barrier of the CO2 activation in the confined space. This study paves a new way for electrode architecture design that would accelerate the implementation of CO2 electrolysis technology.
SACs on Non‐Carbon Substrates: Can They Outperform for Water Splitting?
Authors: Sun Tao , Zang Wenjie , Sun Jianguo , Li Chenguang , Fan Jun , Liu Enzhou , Wang John
Published: April 2023

Non‐carbon‐supported single‐atom electrocatalysts (SACs) have attracted tremendous research interest for water splitting, owning to their remarkable differences in bond and coordination, and better and tunable catalytic performance, compared with those carbon‐supported SACs and commercial catalysts. The electrocatalytic performance of these non‐carbon‐supported SACs is intimately related to the structure, surficial chemical groups, and vacancy defects of non‐carbon host materials, as well as the physico‐chemical properties and population of single atoms. The much widened range of host materials and types of single atoms create virtually limitless opportunities in the design of SACs with tunable structures and electrocatalysis behaviors. In this review, the recent progress of non‐carbon‐supported SACs for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is visited, where the unique local structures, electrocatalytic performance, catalytic centers and key preparation processes are presented. The characterizations down to atomic scales that can reveal the key local structures and catalytic mechanism are also investigated. New insights into the correlations between the structural evolution of these SACs during electrocatalytic reactions and their catalytic performance are examined. Finally, the major challenges faced by these new SACs are summarized, together with future perspectives on the rational design of superior non‐carbon‐supported SACs.
Programmable Water/Light Dual‐Responsive Hollow Hydrogel Fiber Actuator for Efficient Desalination with Anti‐Salt Accumulation
Authors: Liu Hui , Luo Huan , Huang Jianying , Chen Zhong , Yu Zhihua , Lai Yuekun
Published: April 2023

An intelligent fiber actuator that can sense, adapt, and interact with environmental stimuli is highly desirable for numerous applications. However, conventional fiber sensors have difficulty in responding to complex environments with fast sensing and actuation. Herein, water/light dual‐responsive double‐twisted RGO@HHF (hollow hydrogel fiber loaded with reduced graphene oxide) actuators are successfully developed based on dynamic self‐contraction/elongation via twisting, folding, plying, and re‐plying process. Under stimuli by water and light, the twisted RGO@HHF provides a forward and reverse torsional stroke of 3168 and 60° cm−1, respectively. The excellent swelling properties endow the fiber with highly effective water‐responsive ability, and the hollow structure can reduce the water required for fiber to swell. Meanwhile, the RGO loading further accelerates water evaporation and enhances the light response rate of the fiber. After twisting and re‐plying, the double‐twisted RGO@HHF exhibits highly increased elongation and contraction under light/water stimulation. On this basis, a new strategy is proposed for efficient desalination and anti‐salt accumulation. The double‐twisted RGO@HHF can elongate to absorb water and contract to evaporate seawater under sunlight/water stimulation, respectively. The accumulated salt can be dissolved in the seawater during the dynamic process. This study provides a promising approach for realizing sustainable seawater desalination.
Planar Sodium‐Nickel Chloride Batteries with High Areal Capacity for Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Lan Tu , Graeber Gustav , Sieuw Louis , Svaluto‐Ferro Enea , Vagliani Fabrizio , Basso Diego , Turconi Alberto , Battaglia Corsin , Heinz Meike V. F.
Published: April 2023

High‐temperature sodium‐nickel chloride (Na‐NiCl2) batteries are a promising solution for stationary energy storage, but the complex tubular geometry of the solid electrolyte represents a challenge for manufacturing. A planar electrolyte and cell design is more compatible with automated mass production. However, the planar cell design also faces a series of challenges, such as the management of molten phases during cycling. As a result, cycling of planar high‐temperature cells until now focused on moderate areal capacities and current densities. In this work, planar cells capable of integrating cost‐efficient nickel/iron electrodes at a substantially enhanced areal capacity of 150 mAh cm−2 is presented. Due to a low cell resistance during operation at 300 °C, these cells deliver a specific discharge energy of 300 Wh kg−1 at high discharge current densities of 80 mA cm−2 (C/2, 10%–100% state‐of‐charge). This results represent the first demonstration of planar Na‐NiCl2 cells at a commercially relevant combination of areal capacity, cycling rate, and energy efficiency. It is further identified the secondary molten NaAlCl4 electrolyte to contribute to the cell capacity during cycling. Mitigating electrochemical decomposition of NaAlCl4 will play an important role in further enhancing both cycling rates and cycle life of high temperature Na‐NiCl2 batteries.
Unravelling the Solvation Structure and Interfacial Mechanism of Fluorinated Localized High Concentration Electrolytes in K‐ion Batteries
Authors: Nie Ping , Liu Meiqi , Qu Wenhui , Hou Meiqi , Chang Limin , Wu Zhuomei , Wang Hairui , Jiang Jiangmin
Published: April 2023

Electrolyte is critical for the electrochemical properties of potassium‐ion batteries. The high‐concentration electrolyte has achieved significant effects in inhibiting the growth of dendrites and improving the cycle life of potassium ion batteries. However, the application remains challenging owing to the issues of high viscosity, low conductivity and poor electrode wettability. Herein, a fluorinated localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) based on potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide/dimethoxyethane is designed for use in K‐ion batteries. The electrolyte structure, interfacial mechanism and diffusion kinetics are analyzed systematically through physical/electrochemical characterization and molecular dynamics simulations. The LHCE is proven to have excellent oxidation stability, low flammability, and excellent electrode wettability. Furthermore, the LHCE is investigated in a half‐cell assembled by using polyimide‐derived nitrogen doped carbon material as an anode, which exhibits a reversible capacity of 169 mAh g−1 and high‐capacity retention upon 200 cycles at a current rate of 100 mA g−1. Fundamental mechanism on enhanced cycling stability of the carbon anodes using optimized LHCE is also investigated. This work demonstrates an example of developing new electrolytes for high performance potassium ion batteries, and also provides theoretical guidance and significant reference for electrode interphase design and engineering.
Ultraviolet Emission from Cerium‐Based Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Halides and Their Abnormal Anti‐Thermal Quenching Behavior
Authors: Wang Qiujie , Bai Tianxin , Ji Sujun , Zhao Hongyuan , Meng Xuan , Zhang Ruiling , Jiang Junke , Liu Feng
Published: April 2023

Rare earth elements are widely employed and investigated as dopants in luminescent materials because of their ability to modulate hosts’ specific physical and chemical properties. However, stable phosphors crystallized with pure rare earth elements are few and hence their potential for wider utilization is largely limited. Herein, two examples of cerium (Ce)‐based organic–inorganic hybrid halides, (DFPD)4CeX7 (DFPD+ = 4,4‐difluoropiperidinium; X− = Cl− and Br−) and (DFPD)CeCl4·2MeOH are demonstrated. The Cl compositions of both examples are capable of emitting the fascinating ultraviolet (UV) light (350–375 nm), which represents the shortest emission wavelength ever reported in existing metal halide perovskites. Moreover, the resulting crystals are of high quality, which have intrinsic photoluminescence quantum yields of 95%–100%. Besides, in contrast to their all‐inorganic counterparts like Ce3CeBr6, the proposed two forms of Ce3+‐based halides show abnormal anti‐thermal quenching behavior (≈128% of emission intensity at 420 K relative to 80 K), being particularly applicable for practical use in a heated environment. A phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode fabricated with (DFPD)4CeCl7 demonstrates stable UV emission (840 min) and has a high external quantum efficiency of 1%. This study opens up the way to a possible design of robust UV‐emitting structures based on rare earth hybrid metal halides.
Boosting Piezo‐Catalytic Activity of KNN‐Based Materials with Phase Boundary and Defect Engineering
Authors: Liao Jiayang , Lv Xiang , Sun Xi‐xi , Li Junhua , Wang Haomin , Chen Qiang , Lu Hanpeng , Wang Duan , Bi Jian , Wu Jiagang
Published: April 2023

Although the piezo‐catalysis is promising for the environmental remediation and biomedicine, the piezo‐catalytic properties of various piezoelectric materials are limited by low carrier concentrations and mobility, and rapid electron‐hole pair recombination, and reported regulating strategies are quite complex and difficult. Herein, a new and simple strategy, integrating phase boundary engineering and defect engineering, to boost the piezo‐catalytic activity of potassium sodium niobate ((K, Na)NbO3, KNN) based materials is innovatively proposed. Tur strategy is validated by exampling 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)Nb0.955Sb0.045O3‐0.04(BixNa4‐3x)0.5ZrO3‐0.3%Fe2O3 material having phase boundary engineering and conducted the defect engineering via the high‐energy sand‐grinding. A high reaction rate constant k of 92.49 × 10−3 min−1 in the sand‐grinding sample is obtained, which is 2.40 times than that of non‐sand‐grinding one and superior to those of other representative lead‐free perovskite piezoelectric materials. Meanwhile, the sand‐grinding sample has remarkable bactericidal properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Superior piezo‐catalytic activities originate from the enhanced electron‐hole pair separation and the increased carrier concentration. This study provides a novel method for improving the piezo‐catalytic activities of lead‐free piezoelectric materials and holds great promise for harnessing natural energy and disease treatment.
Multifunctional Double‐Layer and Dual Drug‐Loaded Microneedle Patch Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhai Xingxing , Zhao Xue , Cai Yongjie , Zhang Xinmei , Xu Kai , Weng Jie , Li Jianshu , Chen Xingyu
Published: April 2023

Chronic nonhealing diabetic wounds are a serious complication of diabetes, with a high morbidity rate that can cause disability or death. The long period of inflammation and dysfunctional angiogenesis are the main reasons for wound‐healing difficulty in diabetes. In this study, a multifunctional double‐layer microneedle (DMN) is constructed to control infection and promote angiogenesis, meeting the multiple demands of the healing process of a diabetic wound. The double‐layer microneedle is consisted in a hyaluronic acid substrate and a mixture of carboxymethyl chitosan and gelatin as the tip. The antibacterial drug tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) is loaded into the substrate of the microneedle to achieve rapid sterilization and promote resistance to external bacterial infections. The microneedle tip loaded with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rh‐EGF) is inserted into the skin, in response to gelatinase produced by resident microbe and disassociate to achieve the enzymatic response release. The double‐layer drug‐loaded microneedles (DMN@TH/rh‐EGF) have antibacterial and antioxidant effects, and promote cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro. In an in vivo diabetic wound model, using rats, the DMN@TH/rh‐EGF patch is able to inhibit inflammation, promote angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and tissue regeneration during the wound healing process, promoting its healing.
Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel, from Standardization, Performance, to Biomedical Application
Authors: He Jing , Sun Yuan , Gao Qing , He Chanfan , Yao Ke , Wang Tongyao , Xie Mingjun , Yu Kang , Nie Jing , Chen Yuewei , He Yong
Published: April 2023

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a photocurable hydrogel, is widely used in 3D culture, particularly in 3D bioprinting, due to its high biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and excellent formability. However, as the properties and performances of GelMA vary under different synthetic conditions, there is a lack of standardization, leading to conflicting results. In this study, a uniform standard is established to understand and enhance GelMA applications. First, the basic concept of GelMA and the density of the molecular network (DMN) are defined. Second, two properties, degrees of substitution and ratio of solid content, as the main measurable parameters determining the DMN are used. Third, the mechanisms and relationships between DMN and its performance in various applications in terms of porosity, viscosity, formability, mechanical strength, swelling, biodegradation, and cytocompatibility are theoretically explained. The main questions that are answered: what does performance mean, why is it important, how to optimize the basic parameters to improve the performance, and how to characterize it reasonably and accurately? Finally, it is hoped that this knowledge will eliminate the need for researchers to conduct tedious and repetitive pre‐experiments, enable easy communication for achievements between groups under the same standard, and fully explore the potential of the GelMA hydrogel.
Pancreatic Tumor‐Targeting Stemsome Therapeutics
Authors: Park Jun‐Young , Park Jun Young , Jeong Yong‐Gyu , Park Joo‐Hwan , Park Yeon Ho , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Khang Dongwoo
Published: April 2023

Owing to the intrinsic ability of stem cells to target the tumor environment, stem‐cell‐membrane‐functionalized nanocarriers can target and load active anticancer drugs. In this work, a strategy that focuses on stem cells that self‐target pancreatic cancer cells is developed. In particular, malignant deep tumors such as pancreatic cancer cells, one of the intractable tumors that currently have no successful clinical strategy, are available for targeting and destruction. By gaining the targeting ability of stem cells against pancreatic tumor cells, stem cell membranes can encapsulate nano‐polylactide‐co‐glycolide loaded with doxorubicin to target and reduce deep pancreatic tumor tissues. Considering the lack of known target proteins on pancreatic tumor cells, the suggested platform technology can be utilized for targeting any malignant tumors in which surface target receptors are unavailable.
Efficient, Ambient‐Stable, All‐Polymer Organic Photodetector for Machine Learning‐Promoted Intelligent Monitoring of Indoor Plant Growth
Authors: Jiang Bing‐Huang , Lin Di‐Wen , Shiu Ming‐Neng , Su Yu‐Wei , Tsai Tsung‐Han , Tsai Pei‐Hsun , Shieh Tien‐Shou , Chan Choon Kit , Lu Jong‐Hong , Chen Chih‐Ping
Published: April 2023

The blend ratio and thickness of the PM6:PY‐IT active layer are optimized to realize highly efficient all‐polymer organic photodetectors (OPDs). Ultralow dark current densities of less than 5.92 × 10−10A cm−2(at −1 V) appear when the PM6:PY‐IT active layers have thicknesses in the range of 250–400 nm and blend ratios between 1:1 and 1:1.4, suggesting a wide fabrication window. Fast rise/fall times of 560/250 ns are measured with a cut‐off frequency of 530 kHz for the OPD incorporating a 250‐nm‐thick 1:1 blend. This OPD provides superior performance, with a high detectivity of 2.98 × 1013Jones and a wide linear dynamic range of 138 dB (at 530 nm (−1 V)). In addition, the ultralow dark current of the OPD retains excellent long‐term stability over 500 h of aging testing (thermal stress, ambient conditions, and continuous illumination). With the integration of specific light filters, a system is realized for the efficient detection of indoor plant‐growth lighting, allowing the rapid and accurate detection (>97%) of photosynthetic photon flux at various wavelengths of light that directly determine the photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis of indoor plants, supervised by machine learning. The artificial intelligence‐trained OPD effectively improves detection accuracy.
Photonic Bandgap and Excitation Wavelength Modulated Multicolor Upconverted Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Liquid Crystal Microcapsule
Authors: Jiang Chengyu , Shi Yonghong , Yang Xuefeng , Zhao Tonghan , Zhou Jin , Jin Xue , Zhang Yi , Duan Pengfei
Published: April 2023

Upconverted circularly polarized luminescence (UC‐CPL) which is coined by integrating two concepts of photon upconversion and circularly polarized luminescence, has aroused enormous attention from scientists owing to the great performance and potential applications in various fields. To date, although various types of UC‐CPL systems are reported, constructing a UC‐CPL system with multicolor emission remains a big challenge. In this work, by incorporating lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) into chiral nematic liquid crystal (N*LC), multicolor UC‐CPL emission can be realized upon two kinds of modulations: the regulation of photonic bandgap (PBG) and adjustment of excitation wavelength of the doped UCNPs. More importantly, this kind of multicolor UC‐CPL system can be used as internal materials for constructing polymer‐shell microcapsules. The PBG effect can still be well preserved in the microcapsules, providing a kind of easy processable luminescent material with multicolor UC‐CPL properties, which can be used as an advanced anti‐counterfeiting material.
Visible Light‐Assisted Direct C−H Acyloxylation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Carboxylic Acids
Authors: K. Jha Dhiraj , Sakkani Nagaraju , Zhao John C.‐G.
Published: April 2023

The direct C−H acyloxylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with carboxylic acids as the acyloxylating agents was achieved via the electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes between PAHs and N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS). This visible light‐assisted metal‐free C−H acyloxylation reaction provides an easy access to the desired aryl carboxylates from readily available PAHs and aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions.

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Bioinspired Soft Elastic Metamaterials for Reconstruction of Natural Hearing
Authors: Tang Hanchuan , Zhang Shujie , Tian Ye , Kang Tianyu , Zhou Cheng , Yang Shuaikang , Liu Ying , Liu Xurui , Chen Qicai , Xiao Hongjun , Chen Wei , Zang Jianfeng
Published: April 2023

Natural hearing which means hearing naturally like normal people is critical for patients with hearing loss to participate in life. Cochlear implants have enabled numerous severe hearing loss patients to hear voice functionally, while cochlear implant users can hardly distinguish different tones or appreciate music subject to the absence of rate coding and insufficient frequency channels. Here a bioinspired soft elastic metamaterial that reproduces the shape and key functions of the human cochlea is reported. Inspired by human cochlea, the metamaterials are designed to possess graded microstructures with high effective refractive index distributed on a spiral shape to implement position‐related frequency demultiplexing, passive sound enhancements of 10 times, and high‐speed parallel processing of 168‐channel sound/piezoelectric signals. Besides, it is demonstrated that natural hearing artificial cochlea has fine frequency resolution up to 30 Hz, a wide audible range from 150–12 000 Hz, and a considerable output voltage that can activate the auditory pathway in mice. This work blazes a promising trail for reconstruction of natural hearing in patients with severe hearing loss.
Giant Superlinear Power Dependence of Photocurrent Based on Layered Ta2NiS5 Photodetector
Authors: Meng Xianghao , Du Yuhan , Wu Wenbin , Joseph Nesta Benno , Deng Xing , Wang Jinjin , Ma Jianwen , Shi Zeping , Liu Binglin , Ma Yuanji , Yue Fangyu , Zhong Ni , Xiang Ping‐Hua , Zhang Cheng , Duan Chun‐Gang , Narayan Awadhesh , Sun Zhenrong , Chu Junhao , Yuan Xiang
Published: April 2023

Photodetector based on two‐dimensional (2D) materials is an ongoing quest in optoelectronics. 2D photodetectors are generally efficient at low illuminating power but suffer severe recombination processes at high power, which results in the sublinear power‐dependent photoresponse and lower optoelectronic efficiency. The desirable superlinear photocurrent is mostly achieved by sophisticated 2D heterostructures or device arrays, while 2D materials rarely show intrinsic superlinear photoresponse. This work reports the giant superlinear power dependence of photocurrent based on multilayer Ta2NiS5. While the fabricated photodetector exhibits good sensitivity (3.1 mS W−1per □) and fast photoresponse (31 µs), the bias‐, polarization‐, and spatial‐resolved measurements point to an intrinsic photoconductive mechanism. By increasing the incident power density from 1.5 to 200 µW µm−2, the photocurrent power dependence varies from sublinear to superlinear. At higher illuminating conditions, prominent superlinearity is observed with a giant power exponent of γ = 1.5. The unusual photoresponse can be explained by a two‐recombination‐center model where density of states of the recombination centers (RC) effectively closes all recombination channels. The photodetector is integrated into camera for taking photos with enhanced contrast due to superlinearity. This work provides an effective route to enable higher optoelectronic efficiency at extreme conditions.
Efficient Generation of Paired Single‐Cell Multiomics Profiles by Deep Learning
Authors: Lan Meng , Zhang Shixiong , Gao Lin
Published: April 2023

Recent advances in single‐cell sequencing technology have made it possible to measure multiple paired omics simultaneously in a single cell such as cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE‐seq) and single‐nucleus chromatin accessibility and mRNA expression sequencing (SNARE‐seq). However, the widespread application of these single‐cell multiomics profiling technologies has been limited by their experimental complexity, noise in nature, and high cost. In addition, single‐omics sequencing technologies have generated tremendous and high‐quality single‐cell datasets but have yet to be fully utilized. Here, single‐cell multiomics generation (scMOG), a deep learning‐based framework to generate single‐cell assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin (ATAC) data in silico is developed from experimentally available single‐cell RNA‐seq measurements and vice versa. The results demonstrate that scMOG can accurately perform cross‐omics generation between RNA and ATAC, and generate paired multiomics data with biological meanings when one omics is experimentally unavailable and out of training datasets. The generated ATAC, either alone or in combination with measured RNA, exhibits equivalent or superior performance to that of the experimentally measured counterparts throughout multiple downstream analyses. scMOG is also applied to human lymphoma data, which proves to be more effective in identifying tumor samples than the experimentally measured ATAC data. Finally, the performance of scMOG is investigated in other omics such as proteomics and it still shows robust performance on surface protein generation.
THQ–Xanthene: An Emerging Strategy to Create Next‐Generation NIR‐I/II Fluorophores
Authors: Mao Zhiqiang , Rha Hyeonji , Kim Jungryun , You Xinru , Zhang Fan , Tao Wei , Kim Jong Seung
Published: April 2023

Near‐infrared fluorescence imaging is vital for exploring the biological world. The short emissions (<650 nm) and small Stokes shifts (<30 nm) of current xanthene dyes obstruct their biological applications since a long time. Recently, a potent and universal THQ structural modification technique that shifts emission to the NIR‐I/II range and enables a substantial Stokes shift (>100 nm) for THQ‐modified xanthene dyes is established. Thus, a timely discussion of THQ–xanthene and its applications is extensive. Hence, the advent, working principles, development trajectory, and biological applications of THQ–xanthene dyes, especially in the fields of fluorescence probe‐based sensing and imaging, cancer theranostics, and super‐resolution imaging, are introduced. It is envisioned that the THQ modification tactic is a simple yet exceptional approach to upgrade the performance of conventional xanthene dyes. THQ–xanthene will advance the strides of xanthene‐based potentials in early fluorescent diagnosis of diseases, cancer theranostics, and imaging‐guided surgery.
Giant Resistive Switching and Lattice Modulation at Full Temperature Range in a Sr‐Doped Nickelate Oxide Transistor
Authors: Gao Xiaofei , Liu Junhua , Ji Yaoyao , Wei Long , Xiao Wen , Hu Shilin , Li Lin , Chen Kai , Liao Zhaoliang
Published: April 2023

How to promote the resistance switching ratio, enlarge the operating temperature range and accelerate the switching speed is at the forefront of ionic gating electronics. Usually, most attention has been paid to materials with metal‐to‐insulator transition (MIT), e.g., VO2 and SmNiO3. Here, Sr‐doped nickelate (Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3) films which do not exhibit MIT are used for electric field control of H‐doping and to detect the variation of resistance, lattice, and electronic structures. The experimental results directly show a giant resistive switching by more than 105 at the full temperature range (2 K–300 K) and lattice modulation by 3.4%. More importantly, much faster switching speeds can be achieved in Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 devices than in nondoped NdNiO3 ones. Such high switching performance is demonstrated to arise from strongly suppressed Ni–O hybridization after H doping. The results of this study provide a new material paradigm for developing energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing. Further, the doping effect on device performance also suggests a novel approach to develop correlated perovskite oxide transistors in order to fulfill practical applications.
Organic near‐infrared photodetectors with photoconductivity‐enhanced performance
Authors: Zhang Siwei , Li Zhenlong , Li Jingzhou , Wang Bingzhe , Chen Fang , Li Xubiao , Liu Shunjie , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Xing Guichuan , Li Jiangyu , Zhao Zheng , Kang Feiyu , Wei Guodan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2023

Organic near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors with essential applications in medical diagnostics, night vision, remote sensing, and optical communications have attracted intensive research interest. Compared with most conventional inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors usually have higher absorption coefficients, and their thin active layer could be sufficient to absorb most incident light for effective photogeneration. However, due to the relatively poor charge mobility of organic materials, it remains challenging to inhibit the photogenerated exciton recombination and effectively extract carriers to their respective electrodes. Herein, this challenge was addressed by increasing matrix conductivities of a ternary active layer (D–A–D structure NIR absorber [2TT‐oC6B]:poly(N,N′‐bis‐4‐butylphenyl‐N,N′‐bisphenyl)benzidin [PolyTPD]:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester [PCBM] = 1:1:1) upon in situ incident light illumination, significantly accelerating charge transport through percolated interpenetrating paths. The greatly enhanced photoconductivity under illumination is intrinsically related to the unique donor–acceptor molecular structures of PolyTPD and 2TT‐oC6B, whereas stable intermolecular interaction has been verified by systematic molecular dynamics simulation. In addition, an ultrafast charge transfer time of 0.56 ps from the NIR aggregation‐induced luminogens of 2TT‐oC6B absorber to PolyTPD and PCBM measured by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is beneficial for effective exciton dissociation. The solution‐processed organic NIR photodetector exhibits a fast response time of 83 μs and a linear dynamic range value of 111 dB under illumination of 830 nm. Therefore, our work has opened up a pioneering window to enhance photoconductivity through in situ photoirradiation and benefit NIR photodetectors as well as other optoelectronic devices.