bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Chaotic System with Only Quadratic Nonlinearities: Analysis of Dynamical Properties and Stability
Authors: Almatroud Othman Abdullah , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Pham Viet-Thanh , Grassi Giuseppe
Published: February 2024

In nonlinear dynamics, there is a continuous exploration of introducing systems with evidence of chaotic behavior. The presence of nonlinearity within system equations is crucial, as it allows for the emergence of chaotic dynamics. Given that quadratic terms represent the simplest form of nonlinearity, our study focuses on introducing a novel chaotic system characterized by only quadratic nonlinearities. We conducted an extensive analysis of this system’s dynamical properties, encompassing the examination of equilibrium stability, bifurcation phenomena, Lyapunov analysis, and the system’s basin of attraction. Our investigations revealed the presence of eight unstable equilibria, the coexistence of symmetrical strange repeller(s), and the potential for multistability in the system.
Novel Proportional–Integral–Derivative Control Framework on Continuous-Time Positive Systems Using Linear Programming
Authors: Li Qingbo , Zhou Xiaoyue , Lin Fengyu , Yang Yahao , Zhang Junfeng
Published: February 2024

This paper considers the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control for continuous-time positive systems. A three-stage strategy is introduced to design the PID controller. In the first stage, the proportional and integral components of the PID control are designed. A matrix decomposition approach is used to describe the gain matrices of the proportional and integral components. The positivity and stability of the closed-loop systems without the derivative component of PID control are achieved by the properties of a Metzler and Hurwitz matrix. In the second stage, a non-negative inverse matrix is constructed to maintain the Metzler and Hurwitz properties of the closed-loop system matrix in the first stage. To deal with the inverse of the derivative component of PID control, a matrix decomposition approach is further utilized to design a non-negative inverse matrix. Then, the derivative component is obtained by virtue of the designed inverse matrix. All the presented conditions can be solved by virtue of a linear programming approach. Furthermore, the three-stage PID design is developed for a state observer-based PID controller. Finally, a simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed design.
Poncelet Porisms and Loci of Centers in the Isotropic Plane
Authors: Jurkin Ema
Published: February 2024

Any triangle in an isotropic plane has a circumcircle u and incircle i. It turns out that there are infinitely many triangles with the same circumcircle u and incircle i. This one-parameter family of triangles is called a poristic system of triangles. We study the trace of the centroid, the Feuerbach point, the symmedian point, the Gergonne point, the Steiner point and the Brocard points for such a system of triangles. We also study the traces of some further points associated with the triangles of the poristic family, and we prove that the vertices of the contact triangle, tangential triangle and anticomplementary triangle move on circles while the initial triangle traverses the poristic family.
Integrating Business Analytics in Educational Decision-Making: A Multifaceted Approach to Enhance Learning Outcomes in EFL Contexts
Authors: Cho Minsu , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Juhyeon , Park Kyudong
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a framework that integrates business analytics into educational decision-making to improve learner engagement and performance in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), focusing on learning environments in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). By examining three specific research questions, this paper delineates patterns in learner engagement, evaluates factors that affect these patterns, and examines the relationship between these factors and educational outcomes. The study provides an empirical analysis that elucidates the connection between learner behaviors and learning outcomes by employing machine learning, process mining, and statistical methods such as hierarchical clustering, process discovery, and the Mann–Kendall test. The analysis determines that learning patterns, characterized as single-phase or multi-phase, repetitive or non-repetitive, and sequential or self-regulated, are more closely associated with the nature of the educational content—such as books, series, or reading levels—than learner characteristics. Furthermore, it has been observed that learners exhibiting self-regulated learning patterns tend to achieve superior academic outcomes. The findings advocate for integrating analytics in educational practices, offer strategic insights for educational enhancements, and propose a new perspective on the connection between learner behavior and educational success.
Establishment of a Novel Miniature Double-Lumen Catheter Single-Cannulation Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Model in the Rat
Authors: Fujii Yutaka , Abe Takuya
Published: February 2024

In recent years, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) has been used to support patients with severe lung disease. Active use of VV ECMO was also recommended for severe respiratory failure due to COVID-19. However, VV ECMO is also known to cause various complications due to extracorporeal circulation. Although we conducted ECMO research using rats, we have not been able to establish whether double-lumen single-cannulation VV ECMO models in rats have been described previously. The purpose of this study was to establish a simple, stable, and maintainable miniature double-lumen single-canulation VV ECMO model in rats. A double-lumen catheter used as a plain central venous catheter (SMAC plus Seldinger type; Covidien Japan Co., Tokyo, Japan) was passed through the right external jugular vein and advanced into the right atrium as a conduit for venous uptake. The VV ECMO system comprised a roller pump, miniature membrane oxygenator, and polyvinyl chloride tubing line. During VV ECMO, blood pressure and hemodilution rate were maintained at around 80 mmHg and 30%, respectively. Hemoglobin was kept at >9 g/dL, no serious hemolysis was observed, and VV ECMO was maintained without blood transfusion. Oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood were confirmed and pH was adequately maintained. This miniature VV ECMO model appears very useful for studying the mechanisms of biological reactions during VV ECMO.
The Role of HIV-1-Encoded microRNAs in Viral Replication
Authors: Carmi Ofira , Gotlieb Yosef , Shemer-Avni Yonat , Bentwich Zvi
Published: February 2024

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that play an important role in the life cycle of human viruses. We sought to characterize human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-encoded miRNAs and determine their role in viral replication. Initially, a bioinformatic analysis was used to predict HIV-1-encoded miRNAs. Next, a representative number of these predicted sequences were verified using a miRNA microarray chip, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and the deep sequencing of RNA extracted from HIV-1-infected cells. Eight HIV-1-encoded sncRNA sequences conforming to the criteria that define miRNAs were identified in HIV-1-infected immortalized T cells and human primary CD4+ lymphocytes; five of the eight sequences have not been previously reported. Deep sequencing validated the presence of these virus-encoded miRNA sequences and uncovered large numbers of atypical sncRNA sequences, lacking characteristics of conventional miRNAs. We named these sequences small RNAs (smRNAs). The overexpression of four candidate HIV-1-encoded miRNAs and silencing of two smRNAs significantly increased HIV-1 viral replication. Our study uncovered novel HIV-1-encoded sncRNAs that, upon deregulated expression, alter viral titers in HIV-1-infected cells, suggesting that miRNAs and smRNAs play an important role in regulating viral replication. Future studies may reveal the function of HIV-1-encoded sncRNAs and their possible implications for diagnosis and treatment.
The Characteristics of the Root-Zone Soil’s Biological Properties and Microbial Community Structure in Grafted Star Anise Plantations
Authors: Xiao Jian , Liu Junxian , Wu Siyu , Liang Wenhui , Yang Shangdong
Published: February 2024

Extensive management seriously affects the output, quality, and sustainable development of star anise, and grafting is commonly used to improve its production and quality. Although many studies have explored the effects of grafting on soil microorganisms for other plants, there is a lack of research on aromatic plants, especially on the soil ecosystems of star anise plantations. The effect of grafting star anise on the soil’s biological characteristics and microbial composition remains unclear. The soil’s enzyme activities, soil microbial biomass, and microbial community composition in grafted and non-grafted star anise plantations in Guangxi, China were studied using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus contents in the soils of grafted star anise were significantly lower and the phosphatase activity was significantly higher than in the soils of non-grafted star anise. In comparison with the soils of non-grafted star anise plantations, the proportions of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and WPS-2 decreased and the proportions of Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia increased in the grafted star anise plantations. Meanwhile, Bacteroidetes was a dominant bacterial phylum unique to the soil of the grafted star anise plantations. Moreover, the proportions of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased and the proportions of Mortierellomycota and unclassified_k_Fungi decreased in the soils of the grafted star anise plantations. Furthermore, Basidiomycota and Rozellomycota had significant dominance in the grafted star anise plantations. In general, grafting can improve soil fertility and maintain soil health by promoting soil nutrient cycling and increasing the soil’s microbial diversity.
Cutibacterium avidum: A Potent and Underestimated Pathogen in Prosthetic Hip Joint Infections
Authors: Karlsson Johanna , Kamenska Nina , Matuschek Erika , Brüggemann Holger , Söderquist Bo
Published: February 2024

Cutibacterium avidum has recently been reported as a rare cause of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), contrary to Cutibacterium acnes, which is well established as a cause of PJIs, especially in shoulder arthroplasties. Two specific risk factors for PJI due to C. avidum have been reported: obesity and the skin incision approach. Here, we report four cases of hip PJIs caused by C. avidum admitted over a 30-month period at a single center. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the four C. avidum strains were all individual strains and did not originate from a common source, such as an outbreak. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the isolates were fully susceptible, and none carried known antibiotic resistance genes. In conclusion, the occurrence of four cases of PJI caused by C. avidum over a limited time at a single center may indicate that this pathogen is underestimated and is either emerging or more common than previously recognized. The patients presented overt signs of infection during surgery, indicating that C. avidum is a virulent pathogen. None of the previously reported risk factors for C. avidum PJI applied to these patients as only one was obese and none were operated on using a direct anterior skin incision approach.
Dietary and Metabolic Approaches for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders, Affective Disorders and Cognitive Impairment Comorbid with Epilepsy: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence
Authors: Iyer Shruthi H. , Yeh Mary Y. , Netzel Lauren , Lindsey Molly G. , Wallace McKenzie , Simeone Kristina A. , Simeone Timothy A.
Published: February 2024

Epilepsy often occurs with other neurological disorders, such as autism, affective disorders, and cognitive impairment. Research indicates that many neurological disorders share a common pathophysiology of dysfunctional energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the use of metabolic therapies for these disorders with or without the context of epilepsy. Over one hundred years ago, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was formulated as a treatment for epilepsy. For those who cannot tolerate the KD, other diets have been developed to provide similar seizure control, presumably through similar mechanisms. These include, but are not limited to, the medium-chain triglyceride diet, low glycemic index diet, and calorie restriction. In addition, dietary supplementation with ketone bodies, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or triheptanoin may also be beneficial. The proposed mechanisms through which these diets and supplements work to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability involve normalization of aberrant energy metabolism, dampening of inflammation, promotion of endogenous antioxidants, and reduction of gut dysbiosis. This raises the possibility that these dietary and metabolic therapies may not only exert anti-seizure effects, but also reduce comorbid disorders in people with epilepsy. Here, we explore this possibility and review the clinical and preclinical evidence where available.
Sex Differences under Vitamin D Supplementation in an Animal Model of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Haindl Michaela Tanja , Üçal Muammer , Tafrali Cansu , Wonisch Willibald , Erdogan Cigdem , Nowakowska Marta , Adzemovic Milena Z. , Enzinger Christian , Khalil Michael , Hochmeister Sonja
Published: February 2024

A central role for vitamin D (VD) in immune modulation has recently been recognized linking VD insufficiency to autoimmune disorders that commonly exhibit sex-associated differences. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, there is a higher incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in women, but a poorer prognosis in men, often characterized by a more rapid progression. Although sex hormones are most likely involved, this phenomenon is still poorly understood. Oxidative stress, modulated by VD serum levels as well as sex hormones, may act as a contributing factor to demyelination and axonal damage in both MS and the corresponding preclinical models. In this study, we analyzed sex-associated differences and VD effects utilizing an animal model that recapitulates histopathological features of the progressive MS phase (PMS). In contrast to relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), PMS has been poorly investigated in this context. Male (n = 50) and female (n = 46) Dark Agouti rats received either VD (400 IU per week; VD+) or standard rodent food without extra VD (VD−) from weaning onwards. Myelination, microglial activation, apoptotic cell death and neuronal viability were assessed using immunohistochemical markers in brain tissue. Additionally, we also used two different histological markers against oxidized lipids along with colorimetric methods to measure protective polyphenols (PP) and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) in serum. Neurofilament light chain serum levels (sNfL) were analyzed using single-molecule array (SIMOA) analysis. We found significant differences between female and male animals. Female rats exhibited a better TAC and higher amounts of PP. Additionally, females showed higher myelin preservation, lower microglial activation and better neuronal survival while showing more apoptotic cells than male rats. We even found a delay in reaching the peak of the disease in females. Overall, both sexes benefitted from VD supplementation, represented by significantly less cortical, neuroaxonal and oxidative damage. Unexpectedly, male rats had an even higher overall benefit, most likely due to differences in oxidative capacity and defense systems.
Vitamin D Status, VDR, and TLR Polymorphisms and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Epidemiology in Kazakhstan
Authors: Yerezhepov Dauren , Gabdulkayum Aidana , Akhmetova Ainur , Kozhamkulov Ulan A. , Rakhimova Saule E. , Kairov Ulykbek Y. , Zhunussova Gulnur , Kalendar Ruslan N. , Akilzhanova Ainur
Published: February 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and vitamin D deficiency remain major public health problems in Kazakhstan. Due to the high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the country and based on the importance of vitamin D in the modulation of the immune response and the association of its deficiency with many health conditions, the aim of our research was to study the vitamin D status, VDR and TLR gene polymorphisms, and pulmonary tuberculosis epidemiology in Kazakhstan. Methods: A case-control study included 411 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary TB and 686 controls with no family history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Concentrations of serum vitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The gene polymorphisms were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allelic discrimination assay using TaqMan probes. The association between the risk of pulmonary TB and polymorphisms was evaluated using multimodal logistic regression and assessed with the ORs, corresponding to 95% Cis, and the significance level was determined as p < 0.05. Results: 1097 individuals were recruited from 3 different regions of Kazakhstan. Biochemical data showed vitamin D deficiency (25-(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) was present in both groups, with the case group accounting for almost 95% and 43.7% in controls. Epidemiological data revealed that socioeconomic factors such as BMI < 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.001), employment (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), and vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001) were statistically different between case and control groups. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted by sex, age, BMI, residence, employment, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes, showed that T/T polymorphism of the VDR gene (rs1544410, OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.04–3.72, p = 0.03) and A/A polymorphism of the TLR8 gene (rs3764880, OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.20–4.98, p = 0.01) were associated with a high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent in our study cohort and is associated with TB progression. Socioeconomic determinants such as unemployment, BMI under 25 kg/m2, and diabetes are the main risk factors for the development of pulmonary TB in our study. A/A polymorphism of TLR8 (rs3764880) and T/T polymorphism (BsmI, rs1544410) of VDR genes may act as biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kazakh population.
Weight Categories, Trajectories, Eating Behavior, and Metabolic Consequences during Pregnancy and Postpartum in Women with GDM
Authors: Schenk Sybille , Ravussin Yann , Lacroix Alain , Quansah Dan Yedu , Puder Jardena J.
Published: February 2024

Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated weight trajectories, eating behaviors, and metabolic consequences in women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum according to pre-pregnancy BMI. We prospectively included 464 women with GDM. Intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2 questionnaire), gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 6–8 weeks and 1-year postpartum, and glucose intolerance (prediabetes and diabetes) at 1-year were assessed. Women with obesity (WOB) had lower GWG but gained more weight in the postpartum (p < 0.0001). PPWR at 1-year did not differ across BMI categories (p = 0.63), whereas postpartum weight loss was most pronounced in women with normal weight (p < 0.0001), and within this category, in their lowest tertile (p < 0.05). Intuitive eating was not linked to perinatal weight changes but differed among BMI categories. PPWR predicted a 2.5-fold increased risk of glucose intolerance at 1-year independent of pre-pregnancy BMI (p < 0.001), and the adverse metabolic impact of PPWR was most pronounced in WOB with odds of increased risk of glucose intolerance 8.9 times higher (95% CI 2.956;26.968). These findings suggest an adaptive capacity to relatively rapid weight changes in the perinatal period that is less present with higher BMI.
Hydrophobic Components in Light-Yellow Pulp Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Tubers Suppress LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Cells via Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Matsumoto Yuma , Suto Mari , Umebara Io , Masutomi Hirofumi , Ishihara Katsuyuki
Published: February 2024

Sweet potato is a crop that is widely consumed all over the world and is thought to contribute to health maintenance due to its abundant nutrients and phytochemicals. Previous studies on the functionality of sweet potatoes have focused on varieties that have colored pulp, such as purple and orange, which contain high levels of specific phytochemicals. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of light-yellow-fleshed sweet potatoes, which have received little attention. After freeze-drying sweet potatoes harvested in 2020, extracts were prepared from the leaves, stems, roots, and tubers in 100% ethanol. Mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 cells were cultured with 10 µg/mL of the extracts and induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation. Of the extracts, the tuber extracts showed the highest suppression of LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression and production in RAW264.7, which was attributed to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) oxidative stress response pathway. In addition, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments suggested that hydrophobic components specific to the tuber were the main body of activity. In previous studies, it has been shown that the tubers and leaves of sweet potatoes with colored pulp exhibit anti-inflammatory effects due to their rich phytochemicals, and our results show that the tubers with light-yellow pulp also exhibit the effects. Furthermore, we were able to show a part of the mechanism, which may contribute to the fundamental understanding of the treatment and prevention of inflammation by food-derived components.
Dietary Intake of Athletes at the World Masters Athletics Championships as Assessed by Single 24 h Recall
Authors: Leonhardt Taylor P. M. , Bristol Ainsley , McLaurin Natalie , Forbes Scott C. , Tanaka Hirofumi , Frings-Meuthen Petra , Pesta Dominik , Rittweger Jörn , Chilibeck Philip D.
Published: February 2024

Proper dietary intake is important for masters athletes because of the physiological changes that occur with aging and the unique nutritional needs when competing at high levels. We evaluated the dietary intake of masters athletes competing at the World Masters Athletics Championships (outdoor games, Tampere, Finland, 2022, and indoor games, Torun, Poland, 2023). A total of 43 athletes (16 females and 27 males, mean age 59.2 ± 10.3 y, height 168 ± 8 cm, and body mass 62.3 ± 10.8 kg) participating in endurance (n = 21), sprint (n = 16), jumping (2), multi-component (e.g., decathlon; n = 3), and throwing (n = 1) events provided 24 h dietary recalls while participating in the games. Carbohydrate intake was below the recommended levels for endurance athletes. Protein intake was below the recommended levels for masters athletes, except for female athletes involved in power events (i.e., sprinters and jumpers). Other nutrient intakes that were below the recommended levels included vitamins D and E, calcium, potassium, vitamin A (except for female endurance athletes), folate (except for female power athletes), vitamin C for female endurance athletes, vitamin K and fiber for males, and zinc for endurance athletes. We conclude that while competing at world championships, many athletes are not consuming the recommended levels of carbohydrates, protein, and micronutrients. Athletes attending these games would benefit from increased nutritional support.
Cardiovascular Disease and the Mediterranean Diet: Insights into Sex-Specific Responses
Authors: Pant Anushriya , Chew Derek , Mamas Mamas , Zaman Sarah
Published: February 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and disease burden in women globally. A healthy diet is important for the prevention of CVD. Research has consistently favoured the Mediterranean diet as a cardio-protective diet. Several studies have evaluated associations between the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular outcomes, including traditional risk factors like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. In addition, consistent evidence suggests that the components of the Mediterranean diet have a synergistic effect on cardiovascular risk due to its anti-inflammatory profile and microbiome effects. While the benefits of the Mediterranean diet are well-established, health advice and dietary guidelines have been built on largely male-dominant studies. Few studies have investigated the beneficial associations of the Mediterranean diet in sex-specific populations, including those with non-traditional risk factors that are specific to women, for instance polycystic ovarian syndrome and high-risk pregnancies, or more prevalent in women, such as chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the Mediterranean diet in women in relation to cardiovascular health outcomes.
Advances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Alexandra , Belinchón-deMiguel Pedro , Rubio-Zarapuz Alejandro , Tornero-Aguilera Jose , Martínez-Guardado Ismael , Villanueva-Tobaldo Carlota , Clemente-Suárez Vicente
Published: February 2024

The dietary practices of athletes play a crucial role in shaping their body composition, influencing sports performance, training adaptations, and overall health. However, despite the widely acknowledged significance of dietary intake in athletic success, there exists a gap in our understanding of the intricate relationships between nutrition, body composition, and performance. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that many athletes fail to adopt optimal nutritional practices, which can impede their potential achievements. In response, this Special Issue seeks to gather research papers that delve into athletes’ dietary practices and their potential impacts on body composition and sports performance. Additionally, studies focusing on interventions aimed at optimizing dietary habits are encouraged. This paper outlines the key aspects and points that will be developed in the ensuing articles of this Special Issue.
OptimalMe Program: A Mixed Method Investigation into the Engagement and Acceptability of a Preconception Digital Health Lifestyle Intervention with Individual Coaching for Women’s Health and Behaviour Change
Authors: Brammall Bonnie R. , Garad Rhonda M. , Teede Helena J. , Baker Susanne E. , Harrison Cheryce L.
Published: February 2024

Preconception interventions, specifically addressing general health, lifestyle behaviours and weight management, are limited despite their importance in optimising women’s health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the engagement and acceptability of OptimalMe, a digital preconception intervention. Participants, (n = 298) Australian women aged 18–44 with private health insurance planning to conceive within 12 months, received a standardised intervention, including access to a digital healthy lifestyle platform (educational materials, behaviour change activities, and self-monitoring resources), ongoing text messaging, and remotely delivered health coaching (two appointments) with randomised delivery methods (telephone/videoconference). Engagement and acceptability were assessed through mixed method analyses. The results show that 76.2% attended both coaching sessions, with similar participation rates for telehealth (75.2%) and videoconferencing (77.2%) (p = 0.469). All participants logged into the digital platform, with 90.6% accessing educational materials and 91.3% using behaviour change tools. Digital platform engagement declined over time, suggesting potential benefits from additional health coaching support for ongoing participation. The post-intervention evaluation (n = 217 participants) demonstrated that approximately 90% found the digital module engaging, meeting information needs, would recommend the program, and were satisfied with the support. OptimalMe demonstrated positive acceptability and engagement; however, further research is warranted to explore strategies for sustaining engagement with the digital interventions.
The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review
Authors: Torres Antía , Cameselle Carla , Otero Paz , Simal-Gandara Jesus
Published: February 2024

Vitamin D deficiency is currently a significant public health issue closely linked to numerous diseases, such as breast cancer. This study aims to determine the estimated optimal serum levels of vitamin D to have a protective effect against breast cancer, in addition to exploring the biological mechanisms and risk factors involved. A literature search of articles published in the last 5 years was conducted, and simple statistical analyses using mean and standard deviation were performed to calculate the average concentration of vitamin D from different available studies. It has been observed that serum levels of vitamin D ≥ 40.26 ng/mL ± 14.19 ng/mL could exert a protective effect against breast cancer. Additionally, various biological mechanisms, such as those related to the immune system, and risk factors like diet implicated in this relationship were elucidated. Consequently, it can be concluded that proper serum levels of vitamin D may have a protective effect against breast cancer, and dietary supplementation may be an appropriate procedure to achieve these optimal vitamin D concentrations.
Association of Physical Activity with Phenotypic Age among Populations with Different Breakfast Habits
Authors: Wu Zibo , Li Jing , Xu Yang , Guo Ruirui , Wang Fengdan , Liu Yan , Wang Sizhe , Dong Yibo , Li Bo
Published: February 2024

Background: The global aging situation has reached a serious stage, and healthy lifestyles, like regular physical activity and eating breakfast, could slow the process. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) is regarded as a novel measure of aging. Therefore, our study aimed to quantify the impact of physical activity and eating breakfast on aging via PhenoAge and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). Methods: A total of 3719 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were involved in this study. Physical activity was divided into an active group and an inactive group. According to the number of reported breakfast recalls, eating breakfast was divided into the no recalls group, one recall group, and both recalls group. Sensitivity analysis was performed by stratified analysis. Results: Active physical activity was a protective factor for PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel. Compared to the inactive group, the β values of the active group were −8.36 (−10.09, −6.62) for PhenoAge and −1.67 (−2.21, −1.14) for PhenoAgeAccel. The stratified analysis results showed that in the groups reporting breakfast in both recalls, one recall, and no recalls, the β values of the active group were −8.84 (−10.70, −6.98), −8.17 (−12.34, −4.00), and −3.46 (−7.74, 0.82), respectively, compared to the inactive group. Conclusions: Active physical activity was strongly correlated with lower values of PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel, but the association was no longer statistically significant when combined with not regularly eating breakfast.
Association between Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score and Body Composition, Inflammation and Frailty in Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Authors: Lo Buglio Aurelio , Bellanti Francesco , Carmignano Daniela Francesca Pia , Serviddio Gaetano , Vendemiale Gianluigi
Published: February 2024

The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score has demonstrated its ability to identify patients with poor nutritional status and predict various clinical outcomes. Our objective was to assess the association between the CONUT score, inflammatory status, and body composition, as well as its ability to identify patients at risk of frailty in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: a total of 361 patients were retrospectively recruited and divided into three groups based on the CONUT score. Results: patients with a score ≥5 exhibited significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Neutrophil/Lymphocytes ratio (NLR), main platelet volume (MPV), and ferritin, compared to those with a lower score. Furthermore, these patients showed unfavorable changes in body composition, including a lower percentage of skeletal muscle mass (MM) and fat-free mass (FFM) and a higher percentage of fatty mass (FM). A positive correlation was found between the CONUT score and inflammatory markers, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF), and FM. Conversely, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mini-Mental Status Examination, activity daily living (ADL), instrumental activity daily living (IADL), Barthel index, FFM, and MM showed a negative correlation. Frailty was highly prevalent among patients with a higher CONUT score. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated high accuracy in identifying frail patients (sensitivity). Conclusions: a high CONUT score is associated with a pro-inflammatory status as well as with unfavorable body composition. Additionally, it is a good tool to identify frailty among hospitalized elderly patients.
Impact of Perioperative Immunonutrition on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Matsui Ryota , Sagawa Masano , Inaki Noriyuki , Fukunaga Tetsu , Nunobe Souya
Published: February 2024

There is no consensus on the efficacy of perioperative immunonutrition in patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgery. We clarified the impact of perioperative immunonutrition on postoperative outcomes in patients with upper GI cancers. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Selection, and Emcare from 1981–2022 using search terms related to immunonutrition and upper GI cancer. We included randomized controlled trials. Intervention was defined as immunonutritional therapy, including arginine, n-3 omega fatty acids, or glutamine during the perioperative period. The control was defined as standard nutritional therapy. The primary outcomes were infectious complications, defined as events with a Clavien–Dindo classification grade ≥ II that occurred within 30 days after surgery. After screening, 23 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and in the quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis showed that immunonutrition reduced infectious complications (relative risk ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.92; certainty of evidence: Moderate) compared with standard nutritional therapy. In conclusion, nutritional intervention with perioperative immunonutrition in patients with upper GI cancers significantly reduced infectious complications. The effect of immunonutrition for upper GI cancers in reducing the risk of infectious complications was about 30%.
The Complex Role of Infectious Agents in Human Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Pathogenesis: From Candidate Etiological Factors to Potential Therapeutics
Authors: Angelova Assia , Rommelaere Jean , Ungerechts Guy
Published: February 2024

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a devastating, potentially fatal T-lymphocyte malignancy affecting the skin. Despite all efforts, the etiology of this disease remains unknown. Infectious agents have long been suspected as factors or co-factors in CTCL pathogenesis. This review deals with the panel of bacterial and viral pathogens that have been investigated so far in an attempt to establish a potential link between infection/carriage and CTCL development. A special focus is given to a recently discovered human protoparvovirus, namely the cutavirus (CutaV), which has emerged as a plausible CTCL etiological agent. Available evidence in support of this hypothesis as well as alternative interpretations and uncertainties raised by some conflicting data are discussed. The complexity and multifacetedness of the Parvoviridae family of viruses are illustrated by presenting another protoparvovirus, the rat H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV). H-1PV belongs to the same genus as the CutaV but carries considerable potential for therapeutic applications in cutaneous lymphoma.
Hitting the Target! Challenges and Opportunities for TGF-β Inhibition for the Treatment of Cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Vistnes Maria
Published: February 2024

Developing effective anti-fibrotic therapies for heart diseases holds the potential to address unmet needs in several cardiac conditions, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and cardiotoxicity induced by cancer therapy. The inhibition of the primary fibrotic regulator, transforming growth factor (TGF) β, represents an efficient strategy for mitigating fibrosis in preclinical models. However, translating these findings into clinical benefits faces challenges due to potential adverse effects stemming from TGF-β’s physiological actions in inflammation and tissue homeostasis. Various strategies exist for inhibiting TGF-β, each associated with a distinct risk of adverse effects. Targeting TGF-β directly or through its signaling pathway proves efficient in reducing fibrosis. However, direct TGF-β blockade may lead to uncontrolled inflammation, especially following myocardial infarction, while interference with the signaling pathway may compromise structural integrity, resulting in issues like insufficient wound healing or ventricular dilatation. Influencing TGF-β activity through interacting signaling pathways, for instance by inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system, is insufficiently potent in reducing fibrosis. Targeting activators of latent TGF-β, including ADAMTS enzymes, thrombospondin, and integrins, emerges as a potentially safer strategy to reduce TGF-β-induced fibrosis but it requires the identification of appropriate targets. Encouragement is drawn from promising agents developed for fibrosis in other organs, fueling hope for similar breakthroughs in treating cardiac fibrosis. Such advances depend on overcoming obstacles for the implementation of anti-fibrotic strategies in patients with heart disease, including fibrosis quantification. In this review, insights garnered from interventional and mechanistic studies, obtained through a non-systemic search spanning preclinical and clinical evidence, are summarized to pinpoint the most promising targets for further exploration and development.
Anti-Atopic Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis and Raphanus sativus on Atopic Dermatitis-like Lesions in Mice by Experimental Verification and Compound-Target Prediction
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Seo Yun-Soo , Lee A Yeong , Nam Hyeon-Hwa , Ji Kon-Young , Kim Taesoo , Lee Sanghyun , Hyun Jin Won , Moon Changjong , Cho Yongho , Jung Bokyung , Kim Joong Sun , Chae Sungwook
Published: February 2024

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Raphanus Sativus Linne herbal mixture (SRE) is a Chinese herbal medicine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of SRE as an active ingredient for 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) and to predict the underlying therapeutic mechanisms and involved pathways using network pharmacological analysis. Treatment with SRE accelerated the development of AD-like lesions, improving thickness and edema of the epidermis. Moreover, administering the SRE to AD-like mice suppressed immunoglobulin E and interleukin-4 cytokine and reduced T lymphocyte differentiation. In silico, network analysis was used to predict the exact genes, proteins, and pathways responsible for the therapeutic effect of the SRE against DNCB-induced AD. These results indicated that the SRE exerted protective effects on the DNCB-induced AD-like model by attenuating histopathological changes and suppressing the levels of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, the SRE can potentially be a new remedy for improving AD and other inflammatory diseases and predicting the intracellular signaling pathways and target genes involved. This therapeutic effect of the SRE on AD can be used to treat DNCB-induced AD and its associated symptoms.
Emerging Trends of Nanomedicines in the Management of Prostate Cancer: Perspectives and Potential Applications
Authors: Deshmukh Rohitas , Singh Vaibhav , Harwansh Ranjit K. , Agrawal Rutvi , Garg Akash , Singh Sudarshan , Elossaily Gehan M. , Ansari Mohd Nazam , Ali Nemat , Prajapati Bhupendra G.
Published: February 2024

Prostate cancer is one of the most life-threatening disorders that occur in males. It has now become the third most common disease all over the world, and emerging cases and spiking mortality rates are becoming more challenging day by day. Several approaches have been used to treat prostate cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc. These are painful and invasive ways of treatment. Primarily, chemotherapy has been associated with numerous drawbacks restricting its further application. The majority of prostate cancers have the potential to become castration-resistant. Prostate cancer cells exhibit resistance to chemotherapy, resistance to radiation, ADT (androgen-deprivation therapy) resistance, and immune stiffness as a result of activating tumor-promoting signaling pathways and developing resistance to various treatment modalities. Nanomedicines such as liposomes, nanoparticles, branched dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots are promising disease management techniques in this context. Nanomedicines can target the drugs to the target site and enhance the drug’s action for a prolonged period. They may also increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This review summarizes the current data on nanomedicines for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Thus, nanomedicine is pioneering in disease management.
New Insights into the Bio-Chemical Changes in Wheat Induced by Cd and Drought: What Can We Learn on Cd Stress Using Neutron Imaging?
Authors: Lan Yuzhou , Burca Genoveva , Yong Jean Wan Hong , Johansson Eva , Kuktaite Ramune
Published: February 2024

Cadmium (Cd) and drought stresses are becoming dominant in a changing climate. This study explored the impact of Cd and Cd + drought stress on durum wheat grown in soil and sand at two Cd levels. The physiological parameters were studied using classical methods, while the root architecture was explored using non-invasive neutron computed tomography (NCT) for the first time. Under Cd + drought, all the gas exchange parameters were significantly affected, especially at 120 mg/kg Cd + drought. Elevated Cd was found in the sand-grown roots. We innovatively show the Cd stress impact on the wheat root volume and architecture, and the water distribution in the “root-growing media” was successfully visualized using NCT. Diverse and varying root architectures were observed for soil and sand under the Cd stress compared to the non-stress conditions, as revealed using NCT. The intrinsic structure of the growing medium was responsible for a variation in the water distribution pattern. This study demonstrated a pilot approach to use NCT for quantitative and in situ mapping of Cd stress on wheat roots and visualized the water dynamics in the rhizosphere. The physiological and NCT data provide valuable information to relate further to genetic information for the identification of Cd-resilient wheat varieties in the changing climate.
Rapid Visual Detection of Peronophythora litchii on Lychees Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Assay Based on the Unique Target Gene Pl_101565
Authors: Wang Rongbo , Li Benjin , Shi Mingyue , Zhao Yumei , Lin Jinlong , Chen Qinghe , Liu Peiqing
Published: February 2024

Downy blight, caused by Peronophythora litchii, is a destructive disease that impacts lychee fruit throughout the pre-harvest, post-harvest, and transportation phases. Therefore, the prompt and precise identification of P. litchii is crucial for the effective management of the disease. A novel gene encoding a Rh-type ammonium transporter, Pl_101565, was identified in P. litchii through bioinformatic analysis in this study. Based on this gene, a coupled recombinase polymerase amplification–lateral flow (RPA-LF) assay for the rapid visual detection of P. litchii was developed. The assay has been shown to detect P. litchii accurately, without cross-reactivity to related pathogenic oomycetes or fungi. Moreover, it can be performed effectively within 15 to 25 min at temperatures ranging from 28 to 46 °C. Under optimized conditions, the RPA-LF assay could detect as low as 1 pg of P. litchii genomic DNA in a 25 μL reaction system. Furthermore, the RPA-LF assay successfully detected P. litchii in infected lychee samples within a 30 min timeframe. These attributes establish the RPA-LF assay as a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for diagnosing P. litchii early; it is particularly suitable for applications in resource-limited settings.
Nitrogen Loss and Migration in Rice Fields under Different Water and Fertilizer Modes
Authors: Hao Shurong , Liu Xia , Liu Congyi , Liu Wentan
Published: February 2024

Irrigating aquaculture wastewater in appropriate irrigation and drainage modes in paddy fields could reduce water and fertilizer loss. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the degradation and movement of nitrogen in various water and fertilizer modes are still not fully understood. This study involves conducting a controlled experiment using barrels to examine the effects of various water quality, irrigation and drainage methods, and fertilization levels. The aim is to analyze the patterns of nitrogen degradation, loss, migration, and absorption in surface water, underground drainage, and soil leakage at different depths. The results showed the following: (1) The paddy field has a significant purification effect on aquaculture wastewater after one day of irrigation, reached at 78.55–96.06%. (2) Aquaculture wastewater irrigation increased nitrogen concentration in the plough layer, which helps rice roots absorb nitrogen and boosts plant TN. (3) In special dry years, underground seepage is the predominant method of nitrogen loss, and underground drainage nitrogen concentration peaks 2–6 days after fertilization. (4) Under aquaculture wastewater irrigation, the TN loss load of II decreased by 27.65–42.45% than FSI. Compared with IA-80, the TN degradation rate of IA in surface water increased by 18.51%, TN loss load decreased by 5.48%, TN absorption rate significantly increased by 14.61%, and yield increased by 31.14% significantly. IA is recommended in special dry years, which can improve the TN absorption rate and ensure high yield while significantly reducing the loss load of nitrogen. The findings can provide a basis for the purification of aquaculture wastewater through paddy field ecosystems in response to fertilizer supply levels.