bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Sinkhole Formation with Human Influence: A Case Study from Wink Sink in Winkler County, Texas
Authors: English Shannon , Heo Joonghyeok , Won Jaewoong
Published: April 2020

The formation of sinkholes in Winkler County, Texas is concerning due to the amount of oil and gas infrastructure and the potential for catastrophic losses. Evidences of new and potential sinkholes have been documented, and determining the cause of these sinkholes is paramount to mitigate the devastating consequences thereof. Studies have shown that the Wink sinkholes result from both natural and anthropogenic influences. Data depicting land-cover changes, alterations in the hydrologic systems, climate changes, and oil and gas activity were analyzed in an effort to better understand the link between these processes and sinkhole formation. Results indicate that the combination of these processes lead to the current state. Land cover changes were highest in shrub versus grasses, undeveloped to developed and croplands. Rises in temperature and a decrease in precipitation indicate a shift towards a more arid climate. Changes to the hydraulic system are a direct result of these land cover changes while the groundwater quality depicts an environment prone to dissolution. Historical oil and gas activities have created pathways of meteoric water infiltration to the underlying limestone and evaporite formation. The combination of these processes create an environment that accelerates sinkhole formations. Understanding these processes allows for the development and implementation of better land practices, better groundwater protections, and the need for monitoring and maintaining aging oil and gas infrastructure.
Multi-Technical Flexibility Retrofit Planning of Thermal Power Units Considering High Penetration Variable Renewable Energy: The Case of China
Authors: Liu Jiaomin , Guo Tong , Wang Yue , Li Yonggang , Xu Shanshan
Published: April 2020

High penetration variable renewable energy introduces flexibility issues to the power system. For countries with coal as their main energy source, retrofitting existing thermal power units is one of the most realistic and feasible measures to improve power system flexibility. Multiple retrofit options will almost certainly be available for each individual power plant—all with distinct investment costs and performance implications. Therefore, this paper develops a multi-technical flexibility retrofit planning model to inform investment decisions of thermal power units in the short term. The model is formulated as a mix linear programming, with the goal of minimizing the systems overall investment and operational costs. In particular, a linear formulation is proposed to solve the coupling problem of retrofitting and operating, and take account of the changes in various units’ operational parameters after retrofit. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed models are verified by a case study through a modified IEEE-30 bus system. The results demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the complementariness of multiple technologies between units. Besides, the proposed model could minimize the overall system investment and operational costs, and provide advice to planners and power generation companies.
Welfare Mentality as a Challenge to European Sustainable Development. What Role for Youth Inclusion and Institutions?
Authors: Iacobuță Andreea-Oana , Ifrim Mihaela
Published: April 2020

This paper takes a free-market approach to the idea of welfare. That is, the analysis does not reject the role of the welfare state to fight against poverty and inequality but underlines the perils of the welfare mentality’s proliferation. Sustainable development requires more individual responsibility and less dependence on the state and its redistribution function. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it aims at showing that welfare mentality imposes challenges on sustainable development. The second aim is to identify the factors associated with welfare mentality. We use data from several international databases and apply correlation, principal components, and multiple regression analyses on a sample of 28 European countries. The results of our study show that welfare mentality negatively influences sustainable development by being positively correlated with the risk of poverty and the percentage of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEET). At the same time, countries such as Sweden, Denmark, and Luxembourg, widely acknowledged as welfare policy heavens, register low values in terms of preference for redistribution. The main determinants of welfare mentality are found to be a high level of NEET and a low level of economic freedom. This result points to the role of youth inclusion and free-market institutions in diminishing people’s welfare expectations and encouraging them to take better control of their own lives to reach prosperity and not depending on state support.
Effects of Meteorological Factors and Anthropogenic Precursors on PM2.5 Concentrations in Cities in China
Authors: Jing Ziyun , Liu Pengfei , Wang Tuanhui , Song Hongquan , Lee Jay , Xu Tao , Xing Yu
Published: April 2020

Fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in size can significantly affect human health, atmospheric visibility, climate, and ecosystems. PM2.5 has become the major air pollutant in most cities of China. However, influencing factors and their interactive effects on PM2.5 concentrations remain unclear. This study used a geographic detector method to quantify the effects of anthropogenic precursors (AP) and meteorological factors on PM2.5 concentrations in cities of China. Results showed that impacts of meteorological conditions and AP on PM2.5 have significant spatio-temporal disparities. Temperature was the main influencing factor throughout the whole year, which can explain 27% of PM2.5 concentrations. Precipitation and temperature were primary impacting factors in southern and northern China, respectively, at the annual time scale. In winter, AP had stronger impacts on PM2.5 in northern China than in other seasons. Ammonia had stronger impacts on PM2.5 than other anthropogenic precursors in winter. The interaction between all factors enhanced the formation of PM2.5 concentrations. The interaction between ammonia and temperature had strongest impacts at the national scale, explaining 46% (q = 0.46) of PM2.5 concentrations. The findings comprehensively elucidated the relative importance of driving factors in PM2.5 formation, which can provide basic foundations for understanding the meteorological and anthropogenic influences on the concentration patterns of PM2.5.
A Maturity Level-Based Assessment Tool to Enhance the Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Rauch Erwin , Unterhofer Marco , Rojas Rafael A. , Gualtieri Luca , Woschank Manuel , Matt Dominik T.
Published: April 2020

Industry 4.0 has attracted the attention of manufacturing companies over the past ten years. Despite efforts in research and knowledge transfer from research to practice, the introduction of Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies is still a major challenge for many companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Many of these SMEs have no overview of existing Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies, how they are implemented in their own companies, and which concepts and technologies should primarily be focused on future Industry 4.0 implementation measures. The aim of this research was to develop an assessment model for SMEs that is easy to apply, provides a clear overview of existing Industry 4.0 concepts, and supports SMEs in defining their individual strategy to introduce Industry 4.0 in their firm. The maturity level-based assessment tool presented in this work includes a catalog of 42 Industry 4.0 concepts and a norm strategy based on the results of the assessment to support SMEs in introducing the most promising concepts. For testing and validation purposes, the assessment model has been applied in a field study with 17 industrial companies.
Evaluation of Groundwater Overdraft Governance Measures in Hengshui City, China
Authors: Zhao Yong , Wang Lizhen , Li Haihong , Zhu Yongnan , Wang Qingming , Jiang Shan , Zhai Jiaqi , Hu Peng
Published: April 2020

Groundwater overdraft is a worldwide phenomenon, resulting in environmental issues, such as water contamination, land subsidence, seawater intrusion, streamflow reduction, and deterioration of the ecological environment. Located in the central North China Plain, Hengshui City has experienced a regional groundwater depression cone due to excessive pumping of groundwater, resulting in the largest overdraft area in the North China Plain. Since 2014, Hebei Province has adopted measures to realize the comprehensive governance of groundwater overdraft in partial areas of Hengshui City, including adjusting planting structures, promoting agronomic water-saving techniques, strengthening hydraulic engineering construction, and innovative management systems. These measures have been in effect for two years, such that their effectiveness must be assessed for the beneficial recovery of groundwater levels to determine the means for their continuation and extension. However, the change in regional groundwater levels is not gradual, but reflects a process of sudden increase due to the intervention of government behavior, and many existing groundwater recharge models are difficult to apply. Therefore, establishing a reasonable, scientific evaluation system of the measures is a key problem that requires a solution. Using field surveys and experiments, this study establishes a quantitative analysis evaluation method to assess the performance of governance measures adopted by Hengshui City in 2015, with full consideration of the crop water demand process and rainfall frequency. The results show that governance measures had a significant positive outcome on reducing groundwater overdraft in pilot areas. Approximately 98.4% of the agricultural governance target was achieved, with confined groundwater rebounding by approximately 4.92 m as compared to 2015. According to the analysis, the three most efficient measures (the top three largest amounts of groundwater-saved per mu) adopted by the government were (1) non-agricultural crops replacement (forestry), (2) planting pattern adjustments, and (3) integration of water and fertilizer-vegetable, which can be promoted in future measures. However, considering the size of the implementation area and total governance capacity, water-saving during spring irrigation of wheat and replacement by surface water are the two most important conservation measures, which are required to further strengthen the management and implementation effect.
Intelligent System for Interactive Teaching through Videogames
Authors: Robles Diego , Quintero M. Christian G.
Published: April 2020

Education, videogames, and intelligent systems are all relevant topics for researchers. Determining means of improving academic performance using a range of techniques and tools is an important challenge. However, while there are currently websites and multimedia resources that help students to improve their knowledge on specific topics, these lack in not having intelligent agents that can evaluate students and recommend materials to suit the difficulty that a user is having in a given subject. In this sense, this paper aims at developing an intelligent system that allows interactive teaching in basic education using videogames. In particular, high school students’ skills in basic mathematical operations with fractions were used for testing experimentally the approach. An intelligent system was developed using computational techniques such as fuzzy logic and case-based reasoning to evaluate user performance and recommend additional study material according to the specific challenges from the given educational game. The use of the games was supported by ICT (information and communication technologies) tools on a web platform. Such a developed platform was tested by 206 high school students, who played 5400 games in total. The students showed an improvement of around 14% in the topics covered. The results indicate that the implementation jointly of videogames and intelligent systems allows users to improve their performance in the given topics.
Social Vulnerability, Gender and Disasters. The Case of Haiti in 2010
Authors: Llorente-Marrón Mar , Díaz-Fernández Montserrat , Méndez-Rodríguez Paz , González Arias Rosario
Published: April 2020

The study of vulnerability constitutes a central axis in research work on sustainability. Social vulnerability (SV) analyzes differences in human capacity to prepare, respond and recover from the impact of a natural hazard. Although disasters threaten all the people who suffer from them, they do not affect all members of society in the same way. Social and economic inequalities make certain groups more vulnerable. Factors such as age, sex, social class and ethnic identity increase vulnerability to a natural disaster. Ten years after the earthquake in Haiti in 2010, this work deepens the relationship between natural disasters, SV and gender, exploring the unequal distribution of the SV in the face of a seismic risk. The source of statistical information has been obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Multicriteria decision techniques (TOPSIS) and the differences in differences (DID) technique are used to analyze variations in gender inequality in SV as a result of the catastrophic event. The results obtained reinforce the idea of the negative impact of the disaster on the SV. Additionally, an intensification of the negative effects is observed when the household is headed by a woman, increasing the gap in SV between households headed by women and the rest of the households. The conclusions obtained show additional evidence of the negative effects caused by natural disasters on women, and important implications for disaster risk management are derived that should not be ignored.
Probing Influence Factors of Implementation Patterns for Sustainable Land Consolidation: Insights from Seventeen Years of Practice in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Ge Xiaoping , Zhu Feng , Yang Yongjun , Liu Gangjun , Chen Fu
Published: April 2020

Land consolidation is a key measure in the implementation of agricultural sustainability and has a strategic importance in farmland fragmentation reduction and rural revitalization. In order to understand spatiotemporal patterns of land consolidation implementation and their influences at a large scale, a comprehensive evaluation of 1046 land consolidation projects was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. The results of this study showed that the construction scale (CS) and investment amount (IA) rose in waves in Jiangsu province during the period 2001–2017, while the newly increased farmland rate (NIFR) continued to decline. Spatial patterns of land consolidation aggregated, whereas the scale and the kernel density of the newly increased farmland area (NIFA) was differentiated in different time periods. In addition, the regional differentiation was significant. The gravity center of CS, IA, and NIFA moved with an overall trend from South Jiangsu to North Jiangsu, and finally stopped at the Li-Xia River plain area in North Jiangsu. The key factors that promoted land consolidation included natural farmland quality and the proportion of the primary industry production in GDP. The potential of NIFA, the farmland production amount, and the income of the financial transferring payment were also important factors. Spatial patterns were initially influenced by natural conditions and were later influenced more significantly by economic and policy conditions. In the future, differentiated land consolidation policy oriented by public involvement should be formulated to improve new frameworks of system implementation, as well as to provide evidence for spatial configuration, district cooperation, policy adjustment, and the systematic improvement of sustainable land consolidation.
Forecast Error Sensitivity Analysis for Bidding in Electricity Markets with a Hybrid Renewable Plant Using a Battery Energy Storage System
Authors: Martinez-Rico Jon , Zulueta Ekaitz , Fernandez-Gamiz Unai , Ruiz de Argandoña Ismael , Armendia Mikel
Published: April 2020

Deep integration of renewable energies into the electricity grid is restricted by the problems related to their intermittent and uncertain nature. These problems affect both system operators and renewable power plant owners since, due to the electricity market rules, plants need to report their production some hours in advance and are, hence, exposed to possible penalties associated with unfulfillment of energy production. In this context, energy storage systems appear as a promising solution to reduce the stochastic nature of renewable sources. Furthermore, batteries can also be used for performing energy arbitrage, which consists in shifting energy and selling it at higher price hours. In this paper, a bidding optimization algorithm is used for enhancing profitability and minimizing the battery loss of value. The algorithm considers the participation in both day-ahead and intraday markets, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the profitability variation related to prediction uncertainty. The obtained results highlight the importance of bidding in intraday markets to compensate the prediction errors and show that, for the Iberian Electricity Market, the uncertainty does not significantly affect the final benefits.
Ecological and Economic Sustainability of Non-Timber Forest Products in Post-Conflict Recovery: A Case Study of the Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) Resin Harvesting in Somaliland (Somalia)
Authors: DeCarlo Anjanette , Ali Saleem , Ceroni Marta
Published: April 2020

Non-timber forest products have often been held out as potential tools for conservation and sustainable development, but sustainability assessments are frequently difficult and time-consuming, especially in conflict areas. Thus, rapid assessments can be useful in providing a broad overview of the harvesting system in order to generate meaningful conservation or development recommendations. Here, we use rapid assessment methodology, including semi-structured interviews and direct observations, to examine the frankincense harvesting system in Somaliland in 2010 and again in 2016 and 2017. We identified significant levels of overharvesting, driven by a breakdown of the traditional management system. Demand for resin and resin prices increased dramatically from 2010 to 2017, at the same time as the tree populations were declining, resource tenure security was weakening, drug use was increasing, and the supply chain was becoming more complex. These factors combine to incentivize short-term unsustainable practices, and the lack of traceability and transparency prevents international buyers from meaningfully engaging with the system. However, new technologies and approaches being employed mean that buyers will soon be able to clearly direct their purchasing in order to incentivize sustainable practices and purchase resin in an ethical manner.
A Dashboard for Supporting Slow Tourism in Green Infrastructures. A Methodological Proposal in Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Balletto Ginevra , Milesi Alessandra , Ladu Mara , Borruso Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Spatial planning and territorial promotion can benefit largely from the application of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) at different scales. From knowledge acquisition to management and planning, their role in building an image of the territory, and constantly updating it to the benefit of users and planners, is of paramount importance. Institutional channels, together with social networks, are the means by which both a local community and a wider community of users share experiences and perceptions. ICTs are therefore strategic in supporting and promoting a sustainable tourism development of territories. Data and information aggregators as dashboards represent examples of decision support systems where digital data are organized and processed to produce an information output. The present paper is part of a wider research, related to the valorization of a former mining area in the Sulcis-Iglesiente area (Sardinia, Italy), where the extraction activity has left the place to abandonment, and only recently to tourism, stressing the concept of slow tourism. Such new opportunity has been launched with the Santa Barbara Walk (SBW), an ancient mining route currently trying to consolidate as a tourism attraction area. Such a territory is in constant transition with unique characters of anthropic and naturalistic characterization, setting itself as a green infrastructure, capable also of attracting a wide community of regional and extra-regional users. However, its digital network—consisting of intangible infrastructure and flows—is fragmented in terms of policies and contents. Additionally, a state of disorganization in slow tourism promotion activities can be observed. To implement the SBW capabilities, the present paper aims to develop a proposal for the framework of a circular dashboard applied to the SBW. In particular, we implement a set of indicators of performance of the SBW for the organization of information on the walk’s main characters, to facilitate a shared governance and an effective tourism promotion. The SBW is recognized as a network connecting the main points of interest preferred by the slow tourism (This paper is based on the Research project TSULKI—Tourism and Sustainability in the Sulcis (Sardinia-Italy)—and on the agreement protocol between DICAAR Department of Cagliari University and Foundation of the Santa Barbara Walk, signed in December 2018).
Ecological Sanitation and Sustainable Nutrient Recovery Education: Considering the Three Fixes for Environmental Problem-Solving
Authors: Junghanns Julian , Beery Thomas
Published: April 2020

In the context of phosphorus as a finite resource and the unsustainable character of current sanitation in Europe, this paper examined social factors in a technological transition towards sustainable sanitation. The evaluation is based on the idea of cognitive, structural, and technological fixes to achieve environmental protection. The cognitive fix has been evaluated through literature and a European-wide survey with universities that offer civil and environmental engineering programs. Contrary to an initial hypothesis, ecological sanitation and nutrient recycling are taught by the majority (66%) of responding programs. There are, however, local differences in terms of context and detail of the education. The main impediments for teaching were identified as academic resources (especially in Belgium, Germany and Denmark) and the technological status quo (Ireland, Italy, Spain and some programs of the United Kingdom). Instructors’ personal commitment and experience was evaluated to be a key factor for an extensive coverage of sustainable sanitation in higher education programs. The role of higher education has a critical role to play in changing sanitation practices, given the unique professional developmental stage of students and the potential for a cognitive fix to contribute to meaningful change.
TOLERANCE AND COEXISTENCE OF SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE WORKS OF REINHOLD NIEBUHR
Authors: Brynov Vitalii
Published: April 2020

The article shows the nature of conflicts between social groups in society according to the position of Reinhold Niebuhr’s Christian realism. The nature of conflicts between religious groups, ethnic groups and economic classes is described. Religious-authoritarian, religious-tolerant and secular approaches to religious conflicts are considered.
Los factores no financieros y su importancia para la aprobación de un crédito a la PYME en México: Evidencia empírica
Authors: Gómez Martínez Alicia , García Pérez de Lema Domingo
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los parámetros no financieros, que valoran las entidades financieras en México a la hora de aprobar un crédito a la PYME industrial. Con este fin se realiza un estudio empírico con 25 entidades financieras. Los hallazgos muestran que los factores no financieros más relevantes del perfil del empresario son: la honestidad e integridad, seguido del conocimiento del sector. Respecto a la empresa, se señala la importancia de contar con una buena cartera de clientes y un producto aceptado en el mercado. Acerca de la estrategia y organización de la empresa se destaca la ubicación del negocio y tener personal capacitado.
Los efectos de la innovación en el rendimiento de las MIPYMES de Aguascalientes: Una evidencia empírica
Authors: Maldonado Guzmán Gonzalo , Madrid Guijarro Antonia , Martínez Serna María del Carmen , Aguilera Enríquez Luis
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo analiza los efectos que distintos tipos de innovación ejercen en el rendimiento de las Pymes de Aguascalientes. Este tipo de análisis son esenciales, ya que la innovación permite a las organizaciones competir con éxito en un mercado globalizado y competitivo como el actual. En este trabajo se consideran distintos tipos de innovación y diferentes dimensiones del rendimiento de las empresas. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo de la innovación en el rendimiento de las Pymes, siendo la innovación en productos la que afecta positivamente a un mayor número de dimensiones del rendimiento.
Residue Number Systems
Authors: P. V. Ananda Mohan
Published: April 2020

Residue Number systems have been extensively studied in past four decades in view of their advantages in some applications in Digital Signal Processing and Cryptography. In this tutorial paper, we introduce the basic concepts highlighting the advantages and
disadvantages over other number systems.
Experiential Learning of Networking Technologies
Authors: Rustagi Ram P. , Kumar Viraj
Published: April 2020

HTTP is the most widely used protocol today, and is supported by almost every device that connects to a network. As web pages continue to grow in size and complexity, web browsers and the HTTP protocol itself have evolved to ensure that end users can meaningfully engage with this rich content. This article describes how HTTP has evolved from a simple request-response paradigm to include mechanisms for high performance applications.
Experiential Learning of Networking Technologies: Understanding Network Delays
Authors: Rustagi Ram P. , Kumar Viraj
Published: April 2020

We have all experienced a degree of frustration when a web page takes longer than expected to load. The delay between the moment when the user enters a URL (or clicks a link) and when the page contents are finally displayed has two causes: the time needed to fetch the page contents from one or more web servers (known as the end to end network delay) and the time needed to render the content in the browser window (known as the page load time). In this article, we will explore the components of the former delay via a simple set of experiments.
The Essence of Quantum Computing
Authors: Bera Rajendra K.
Published: April 2020

In Part I we laid the foundation on which quantum algorithms are built. In part II we harnessed such exotic aspects of quantum mechanics as superposition, entanglement and collapse of quantum states to show how powerful quantum algorithms can be constructed for efficient computation. In Part III (the concluding part) we discuss two aspects of quantum computation: (1) the problem of correcting errors that inevitably plague physical quantum computers during computations, by algorithmic means; and (2) a possible underlying mechanism for the collapse of the wave function during measurement.
EU GDPR: Privacy matters
Authors: V Sridhar
Published: April 2020

With the enactment of European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) made effective from 25 May 2018, “privacy” has become a very important issue for all firms engaged in collecting, processing and disseminating personal information of their customers and employees alike.
EV – Challenges In Going Electric
Authors: L Umanand
Published: April 2020

This article presents a frank and open opinion on the challenges that will be faced in moving towards an electric mass transport ecosystem. World over there is considerable research activity on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. There seems to be a global effort to move from an ICE driven ecosystem to electric vehicle ecosystem. There is no simple means to make this transition. This road is filled with hurdles and challenges. This paper poses and discusses these challenges and possible solutions for enabling EVs.
Implementation of Residue Number System Based Digital Filters
Authors: P. V. Ananda Mohan
Published: April 2020

In the case of FIR filters (see Figure 1), we need to perform several multiplications of present sample and previous input samples x(n) with fixed coefficients h(n) defining the impulse response of the filter and accumulate the results of these multiplications to obtain y(n):
AI, Machine Learning! What next? Cognitive Computing
Authors: Kumar Jailendra
Published: April 2020

Continuing with its track record of showcasing the latest technological trends, Advanced Computing and Communications Society (ACCS) dedicated its 24th edition of International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications (ADCOM 2018) to assimilate the advances in Cognitive Computing and Applications. ADCOM 2018 was organized at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore (IIIT-B) from 21st September to 23rd September of 2018. The three-day conference saw delegates from industry, academia, government R&D and student community coming together on this common platform to share their knowledge and learn from each other about the research outcomes and potential applications of this new technology area.
AI Powered Society
Authors: Bera Rajendra K.
Published: April 2020

To understand the post-industrial world of the millennials and the challenges and opportunities it presents is yet another chapter in the evolution of Homo sapiens. It will force humanity to reassess the meaning of life, its place and significance in the Universe, and above all its ability to survive in a world that includes its own creative creation – the super-intelligent, human-machine hybrid – the humanoid. The role of natural humans and humanity’s faith in spirituality if humanoids take charge will undergo a sea-change. The millennials’ ability to adapt to the new world by competing against the humanoids will face severe limitations and may even lead to Homo sapiens becoming an endangered species within a century. A biological evolution of intelligent life is waiting to happen, triggered by the Homo sapiens’ curiosity-driven quest to understand the Universe within a rational, axiomatized framework.
COVID-19 İmmünopatogenezi ve Sitokin Fırtınası
Authors: AYHANCI Tuğba , ALTINDİŞ Mustafa
Published: April 2020

Koronavirüs pandemisi, ciddi akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2 (SARS-CoV-2)’nin neden olduğu COVID-19 nedeniyle devam eden küresel bir sağlık krizidir. Virüsten etkilenen hastaların çoğunda hafif, grip benzeri semptomlar görülse de bazı hastalarda pnömoni, akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu ile hiperenflamasyon ve sitokin fırtınası sendromu kaynaklı organ yetmezliği gibi ciddi komplikasyonlar görülmektedir. Hastalığının patobiyolojisi ile ilgili bilgiler ise henüz sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu derlemede, mevcut veriler altında COVID-19 patogenezi irdelenmektedir.
Atomistic Insights into the Tunable Transition from Cavitation to Crazing in Diamond Nanothread-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Zhang Lu-Wen , Ji Wei-Ming , Hu Yue , Liew Kim Meow
Published: April 2020

Cavitation and crazing in thermosetting polymers can be sophisticatedly designed for valuable applications in optics, electronics, and biotechnology. It is a great challenge for numerical study to describe the formations of cavity and fibrils in polymer composite due to the complicated interfacial interaction. To explore this challenging task, we exploit a two-phase coarse-grained framework which serves as an efficient atomistic level-consistent approach to expose and predict the transition between cavitation and crazing in a polymeric system. The coarse-grained framework is utilized to transmit the information between single phase and interface in polymer composite, and the learning tasks of force field are fulfilled through parameterization of mechanical performances and structural characterizations. We elaborate on the intrinsic characteristics of the cavitation-crazing transition in diamond nanothread- (DNT-) reinforced polymethyl methacrylate composites, in which DNT plays a specific role of nanomodulator to tune the cavity volume ratio. The transition from cavitation to crazing can be induced through a novel dissipative mechanism of opening an interlocked network, in which case the DNT is stretched to the aligned fibrils and links crazing tightly by interfacial adhesion. The designed computational framework can broaden the scope of theoretical tools for providing better insights into the microstructure design of polymer composites.
An integrative and quantitative assessment of the gold potential of the Nuuk region, West Greenland
Authors: Møller Stensgaard Bo , Rasmussen Thorkild M. , Steenfelt Agnete
Published: April 2020

Visual inspection and comparison of lithological, topographical, geochemical and geophysical maps is a necessary (and often successful) way of interpreting geological features across poorly exposed or poorly explored areas. In mineral exploration, geochemical and geophysical maps are used to visually identify anomalies believed to reflect mineral occurrences. Outcropping mineral occurrences of a certain size can produce elevated concentrations of elements in stream sediment samples, or create magnetic or radioactive signals retrievable by airborne surveys. However, if the regional data are widely spaced, and if the occurrences are small or poorly exposed, the anomalies created may be too subtle to be recognised visually. In such cases, statistical data analyses may help identify deviations from background variations and trends in the data. Furthermore, visually based correlation between distribution patterns on maps is often limited to a few parameters, and multi-variable relationships are easily overlooked or not possible to deduce. Gold occurrences in Greenland occur in specific host rocks as a result of mineralising processes, e.g. hydrothermal activity, that have affected a larger area. Thus, the favourable environment for a gold occurrence may be reflected in regional scale survey data as subtle changes in certain geochemical and geophysical properties. If such changes, i.e. a multi-parameter signature for gold mineralisation, can be identified, the regional data can be searched for areas that might hold the same signature. This paper presents results gained in the application of a statistical spatial analysis method to investigate how known gold showings are expressed in a range of regional datasets from the Nuuk region, southern West Greenland. The main objective is to identify new areas with gold potential, and to quantify the signatures of the showings. The first tests based on this approach were reported in Nielsen et al. (2004) and Steensgaard et al. (2006).
Archetypal kimberlite from the Maniitsoq region, southern West Greenland and analogy to South Africa
Authors: Nielsen Troels F.D. , Jebens Martin , Jensen Sven M. , Secher Karsten
Published: April 2020

Ultramafic dyke rocks with kimberlitic megacrysts and mantle nodules have been known for decades from the northern part of the Archaean block and adjacent Proterozoic terranes in southern West Greenland (Fig. 1; Escher & Watterson 1973; Goff 1973; Scott 1981; Larsen & Rex 1992; Mitchell et al. 1999). Some of the dykes have proved to be diamondiferous (see Jensen et al. 2004a, b, for exploration results, diamond contents, and references). The c. 600 Ma old dykes werecalled ‘kimberlitic’ by Larsen & Rex (1992), but Mitchell et al. (1999) concluded that they were best referred to a ‘carbonatiteultramafic lamprophyre’ suite (aillikites or melnoites). Mitchell et al. (1999) further suggested that the West Greenland province represents “one of the few bona fide examples of ultramafic lamprophyre which contain diamonds”. Reports on indicator mineral assemblages (Jensen et al. 2004b) and diamond contents (e.g. Hudson Resources Inc. 2005) have re-opened the discussion on the classification of the dykes. The results of an investigation of the Majuagaa dyke (Nielsen & Jensen 2005) are summarised below, together with the preliminary results of a regional investigation of the groundmass minerals of the dykes. It is concluded that dykes in the Maniitsoq region are similar to archetypal, South African, on-craton, Type 1 kimberlites, and that all regions of the West Greenland province of ultramafic magmatism are favourable for diamond exploration.
Earthquake seismology in Greenland – improved data with multiple applications
Authors: Larsen Tine B. , Dahl-Jensen Trine , Voss Peter , Møller Jørgensen Thomas , Gregersen Søren , Rasmussen Hans Peter
Published: April 2020

Earthquake seismology is a rapidly evolving field that has provided a wealth of new information about deep geological structures on a regional scale over the last decade as well as information about dynamic processes in the Earth. A major leap forward was the development of portable digital broad band (BB) seismographs around 1990. Without any changes in configuration, these are able to record the signals from large distant earthquakes, as well as the signals from weak local events. BB seismographs typically cover a frequency range from 0.0083 Hz to 50 Hz, making them useful for studies ranging from the high frequency signals from explosions to the very low frequency oscillations following major earthquakes. The first seismological observatory in Greenland was established in 1907 in Qeqertarsuaq (GDH) and was in service for about five years (Hjelme 1996). Later, seismographs were established in Ivittut (1927) and Illoqqortoormiut (1928; SCO), and the network has been regularly upgraded and expanded ever since (Fig. 1). Prior to the development of BB seismographs, each station was equipped with a set of seismographs with different frequency sensitivities in an attempt to cover both distant and local earthquakes. Now just one small instrument is needed at each location. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) operates four permanent BB seismographs in Greenland (Fig. 1), two of them in collaboration with foreign institutions. In addition to the permanent network, there are currently 13 temporary BB seismographs active in Greenland, of which eight are operated by GEUS. Three of the temporary seismograph stations were established as part of the Danish Continental Shelf Project (Marcussen et al. 2004), and the remainder in connection with research projects. Three temporary seismographs were deployed during 2005 as part of a research project aiming to resolve very deep regional structures in North Greenland: the Citronen Fjord station (CFJ, Continental Shelf Project), and the stations in Kullorsuaq (KUL) and Daneborg (DBG).
Colophon, contents, preface
Authors: Garde Adam A. , Kalsbeek Feiko
Published: April 2020

The present volume marks the completion of a large research project by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), focused on the northern part of the Palaeoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian orogen of central West Greenland, and carried out by a team of Danish and international participants. The project comprised geological mapping as well as structural, geochronological, geochemical and economic geological studies. This volume contains reports on both Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic geology as well as a study of neotectonic brittle structures. The field work was carried out in 2000-2003 in the region between Nordre Strømfjord and Jakobshavn Isfjord (see e.g. van Gool & Piazolo 2006, this volume, fig. 1). The project had two immediate purposes, namely to establish an overview of the mineral resource potential of supracrustal rocks in the region between 66° and 70°15'N, and produce four new geological sheets in the Survey's 1:100 000 map series.
Geochemistry of the Maastrichtian Rørdal Member, Jylland, Denmark: Ce anomaly as a palaeo-redox proxy
Authors: Knudsen Christian , Lauridsen Bodil W.
Published: April 2020

The chemical composition of chalk and marl reflects the mixture of carbonate particles and clastic input deposited on the seabed together with growth of authigenic minerals and diagenesis. The Rørdal quarry in Jylland (Fig. 1) is known for its alternating chalk–marl succession (Surlyk et al. 2010) and the aim of this article is to investigate how this cyclicity is reflected in the geochemical signature of the sequence and test if this has implications for the interpretation of the depositional environment as well as the chemostratigraphy in the chalk.
SPECIFICS OF THERMO-DIFFUSION ZINC COATING OF ITEMS MADE FROM ALUMINUM WROUGHT ALLOYS
Authors: Kidalov N. A. , Guriev V. A. , Tomov V. N. , Grebnev Yu. V. , Fomina E. V.
Published: April 2020

The composition of saturating powder blend meant for thermo-diffusion zinc coating of items made from aluminum wrought alloys has been developed. The present composition of saturating powder blend allows for boosting the formation process of protective coatings with high corrosion-resistant properties.
FORMATION OF THE INTERACTION ZONE AT THE INTERLAYER BOUNDARY OF THE EXPLOSION-BOILED COMPOSITE VT1-0 + MH45 IN CONTACT MELTING
Authors: Shmorgun V. G. , Serov A. G. , Slautin O. V. , Kuznetsov S. A. , Malykh A. V.
Published: April 2020

It is shown that the replacement of the MH19 alloy with the MH45 alloy in the explosion-welded layered titanium-copper-nickel composite leads to a decrease in the temperature at which the liquid (metal melted by contact melting) is in equilibrium with the solid phases from 930 ° C (L↔TiCuNi + NiTi + CuTi) up to 860 ° C (L↔ TiCu+NiTi+TiNi); to a change in the mechanism of contact melting from diffusion to diffusion; to increase the proportion of titanium in the interaction zone from ~ 50 at.% to ~ 66 at.%. The development of the contact melting process at the interlayer boundary of the VT1-0 + MH45 layered composite after the solid solution is transformed into a liquid phase film leads to the formation of an interaction zone with the phase composition TiCuNi, TiNi (Cu), TiCu (Ni), TiNi (Cu) TiCu (Ni) . On the side of the MH45 alloy, a continuous layer of the ternary intermetallic TiCuNi adjoins it, and on the titanium side, αTi + TiNi (Cu).
Aktivitas Larvasidal Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) dan Daun Mindi (Mella Azedarach)
Authors: Saputra Agus , Djungu Dewi Fesbayati Lestari , Gelalan Emerlinda P.
Published: April 2020

Helminthiasis is an adverse disease. This disease is caused by parasites such as trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. The search for bioactive compounds from various plants that have anthelmintic activity is carried out by various researchers. Papaya seeds and mindi leaf have been known as a good plants for health. Various studies shown that extracts water, ethanol and chloroform have activity for antimicrobial, antilipidemia, antidiabetic and antiparasitic. In this study the extraction of secondary metabolites from mindi leaf and papaya seeds was carried out for larvicidal activity. From the results of extraction with ethanol, the yields of mindi leaf and papaya seeds were obtained 19.97% and 12.97% respectively. Phytochemical analysis shows that both extracts have the same class of compounds tannins, saponins, phenolhydroquinones, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The difference is in the concentration of tannin and saponin mindi leaf higher than papaya seeds. In testing larvicidal activity, the extract of mindi leaf had a stronger activity compared to papaya seeds. Extract mindi leaf 15% has the strongest activity of killing larvae at ± 25 minutes. This activity is stronger than extract papaya seed 15% which is ± 125 minutes or with albendazole 0.03%, ± 46 minutes
STUDI PEMETAAN MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT (MDR) ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA PETERNAKAN BABI DI KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Kallau Novallino , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Lukman Denny Widaya , Sudarwanto Mirnawati Baharudin
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of the spread of antibiotic-resistant E. coli on pig farms in Kupang City by using mapping analysis. Data on E. coli resistance comes from the results of laboratory analysis and as secondary data for spatial analysis. Spatial analysis uses the nearest neighbour index, convex hull and elementary analysis of disease methods. The results of this study have shown a high prevalence of E. coli (85.4%) with clustered distribution patterns and have a wide spread (10920 ha) in the area in Kupang City. MDR E. coli had a moderate prevalence (57.31%) by forming a group spread pattern and a wide spread (7778 Ha) on pig farms in Kupang City. This result encourages prevention and control efforts by all interested parties so that the rate of spread of resistant E. coli can be reduced.
KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAN DISTRIBUSI KARBOHIDRAT NETRAL PADA UTERUS KELELAWAR BUAH (Pteropus vampyrus) ASAL PULAU TIMOR
Authors: Selan Yulfia , Amalo Filphin A. , Maha Inggrid Trinidad , Widi Antin Y. N. , Gaina Cynthia D. , Barut Beatrix
Published: April 2020

Timorese fruit bat(Pteropusvampyrus)is the only fly mammalian with its unique behavior which hanging upside down inspite of its pregnancy. This research is aimed to reveal the morphology of the Timorese fruit bats and the distribution of neutral carbohydrate within this organ. Three uterus samples derived from three different Timorese fruit bats were used in the research.Both macroscopical and microscopical examinations using H&E and PAS methods were applied. Macroscopically, Timorese fruit bats showedsoft reddish white duplex uterus. Meanwhile microscopically, endometrium consisted of epithelial layer and lamina propria and was the place where simple tubular glands located. The epithelial layer comprised of simple cylindric secretory cells and ciliated cells. Neutral carbohydrate distribution was seen within this epithelial layer. Myometrium was a thick circular smooth muscle layer which consisted of smooth muscle separated by collagen and elastic fibre. Perimetrium was a visceral layer and consisted of mesothelial cells.
KERAGAMAN ENDOPARASIT GASTROINTESTINAL DAN PROFIL DARAH PADA AYAM KAMPUNG (GALLUS DOMESTICUS)
Authors: Moenek Devi , Oematan Aven B. , Toelle Novianti N.
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman jenis endoparasit gastrointestinal dan pengaruhnya terhadap profil darah ayam kampung yang meliputi jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, Packed cell volume, dan jumlah total leukosit. Pengambilan sampel feses dan darah ayam kampung dilapangan sedangkan pemeriksaan dan identifkasi endoparasit pada feses ayam kampung serta pemeriksaan darah di laboratorium Kesehatan Hewan Program Studi Kesehatan Hewan Politani Kupang. Peubah yang diamati adalah morfologi atau ciri-ciri endoparasit dan gambaran darah terutama jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, Packed cell volume, dan jumlah total leukosit Seluruh sampel yang terkumpul diidentifikasi menggunakan mikroskop dibantu dengan panduan kunci identifikasi dan didokumentasikan menggunakan kamera digital, dan data gambaran darah yang diperoleh akan disesuakan dengan gambaran darah normal kemudian semua data yang diperoleh, diolah secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan didaerah Kecamatan Amarasi Kabupaten Kupang. Dari pemeriksaan ditemukan telur cacing Ascaridia galli untuk semua sampel feses dan pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan bahwa jumlah eritrosit 3.782 X 10^6/µL, kadar hemoglobin 12.16  g/L, PCV 43.18%, dan jumlah total leukosit 112.5 X 10^3/µL.
midle test ilmu sejarah dan pendidikan ips selvi
Authors: Selvi
Published: April 2020

There is also my goal, which is to send assignments for history and IPS courses