bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of metamorphic traits in the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans: interactive effects of food quality and zinc pollution
Authors: Yu Tong Lei , Yang Tao , Re Ze Ye , Dong Kai Wen
Published: December 2024

Organisms with complex life cycles, like amphibians, are greatly affected by environmental factors and maternal effects, which in turn influence their morphological variation. The Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans is found throughout East Asia and is not only valued for its economic medicinal properties in China but also considered a potential indicator species for assessing environmental pollution in inland rivers. However, the specific responses of this species to environmental toxicants, including trace metals, are not well comprehended at present. In this study, we experimentally examined the plasticity in larval period, body mass and size, and survival at metamorphosis in tadpoles of B. gargarizans under different combinations of food quality and zinc (Zn). We found that larval period, survival, SVL and mass at metamorphosis were sensitive to food quality, larval period increased significantly with increasing Zn concentration. The interaction between food quality and zinc primarily influenced the larval period. Tadpoles that were fed a high-energy diet, rich in protein and lipids, tended to have a shorter larval period as zinc concentration increased. Conversely, tadpoles fed a low-energy diet had a longer larval period with increasing zinc concentration. Thus, zinc plays a role in determining the extent to which food quality affects development of B. gargarizans. Additionally, larvae that consume a low-energy diet tend to have higher survival rates as zinc concentration increases, suggesting that moderate levels of zinc concentration (below 150 μg/L) are beneficial for normal physiological and biochemical processes in these organisms. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the toxicological responses of this species to trace metals, contributing to a better understanding of their impact.

Keywords: Bufo gargarizans, acute toxic effect, zinc, interaction effects, age and size at metamorphosis, phenotypic plasticity
Anuran altitudinal distribution in an Atlantic Forest hill: band area and Rapoport effect driving it
Authors: Santos-Pereira Manuela , Rocha Carlos Frederico Duarte
Published: December 2024

We evaluated how anuran species richness and composition changed along altitude, whether species distribution was consistent with predictions of the mid-domain effect, Rapoport effect and the possible existence of Rapoport rescue effect. Our study was conducted in the Salto Morato Natural Reserve, southern Brazil, between February 2013 and August 2015. We sampled anurans in sites between 25–918 m a.s.l. using Visual Encounter Surveys method. We ran simple linear regressions to evaluate altitude and band area effects on species richness and the species turnover along altitudinal gradient estimating beta diversity. We used cluster analysis to show those most similar altitudinal bands in species composition. We tested whether Rapoport effect explained species altitudinal variation, by simple linear regression between altitudinal range and the midpoint range of each species. We compared anuran species richness with that expected by the mid-domain effect, by simple linear regression determining whether species richness predicted by this effect was adjusted to empirical richness. We recorded 41 anuran species. Anuran species richness decreased in a linear fashion with increasing altitude and increased as the area of the altitude band increased. Anuran species turnover increased with distance among altitudinal bands. Similarity analysis indicated the existence of two primary groups. There was a significant relationship between species’ altitudinal range and midpoints, as predicted by Rapoport effect. There was no significant relationship between anuran species richness and that predicted by the mid-domain effect. This study contributed for the understanding of the anuran species distribution altitudinal effects in the Atlantic Forest biome and other areas and reinforced the tendency for a reduction in species richness with increasing altitude.

Keywords: amphibian, elevational gradient, mid-domain effect, rainforest, Rapoport rule
Mechanism and Regularity for Luminous Flux Decreasing of Efficient Small Powered LEDs Based on GaN/InGaN Structures at High Current Density
Authors: Manyakhin Feodor I. , Varlamov Dmitry O. , Kuksa Vitaliy V. , Mokretsova Lyudmila O.
Published: December 2024

Measurements of the luminous flux of efficient low-power green light emitting diodes based on In-GaN/GaN hetero-structures at a stable current density (2.5–3.5) times higher than the nominal one have been carried out. On the basis of the ABC model and the mechanism of subthreshold formation of point defects, an analytical dependence of the luminous flux decline in time has been obtained, modelling the behaviour of the corresponding experimental dependences with a high degree of accuracy. It is established that the degradation of LEDs luminous flux at a fixed direct current follows the inverse square law of the operating time. The initial period of rapid degradation, associated with changes in the state of indium micro-inclusions in the Inx-Ga1‑xN solid solution, was revealed
Lighting for Green Walls
Authors: Raynham Peter , Dugar Amardeep M.
Published: December 2024

This study demonstrates the possibility of growing green walls in normal commercial building environments with lighting designed primarily for aesthetic reasons, rather than the promotion of plant growth. Lighting is a key resource required for the growth and maintenance of robust green walls within interior environments. The study evaluated the appearance and growth of green walls with electric lighting used primarily for aesthetic reasons. Three identical green walls with six different plants were illuminated using three different white LED light sources for a period of five months. Plant health was monitored and documented in terms of successful growth patterns. One hundred and six subjects appraised the appearance of the walls using questionnaires. Findings of this study indicate that it is indeed possible to grow and maintain green walls in normal commercial building environments with lighting designed for aesthetic reasons. Further, key species were identified as appropriate for growing on internal green wall setups.
Method for Assessing the Spectral Characteristics of the Surface Reflection of Brick Products by RGB Image
Authors: Kataev Mikhail Yu. , Karpov Roman K.
Published: December 2024

The study of the spectral reflective properties of a surface is one of the most important areas in the study of natural and manufactured objects. In scientific and practical problems, there is a need to evaluate the spectral properties of the surface under study from images obtained by digital RGB cameras. The article discusses the model of a digital camera from the side of image formation, as a spectral device. The mathematical model allows us to evaluate the possibility of using RGB images to estimate the values of the spectral characteristics of the surface reflection of the objects under study. Brick products are studied in this article. Based on the proposed image formation model, a technique is proposed for estimating the spectral reflectance of a brick surface based on RGB images. To do this, it is proposed to obtain an image not only of the brick, but also of the illuminator, which is located next to the image acquisition area. Based on the proposed model and methodology, software was developed and an experimental verification of the assumption made was carried out. The experiment captured images of several bricks and a light source and obtained reliable results on the possibility of estimating the spectral reflectance of the brick surface for each RGB channel. Real images of the manufacturing process of brick products were used for verification. Images of some bricks without defects and with various types of defects (chips and cracks) are shown. It was found that the histograms of brightness distribution for parts of bricks with defects and without defects differ from each other. That makes it possible to build an algorithm for detecting defects. The presented methodology for solving the problem of assessing the quality of brick products makes it possible to speed up and automate the quality control process.
Biological Colorimetry as a New Field of Biophotonics
Authors: Tiras Kharlampy P. , Zelenskaya Nadezhda N. , Valkov Ilya N. , Tiras Nadezhda R.
Published: December 2024

Digitalization of biology transforms its information content. New information resources appear, such as collections of digital images, spectral and colour parameters of living biological objects. The creation of such collections develops classical traditions, supplementing them with new information about the state of a living object, plants or animals. This paper presents information on spectral and colour parameters of plants for future digital collections (new generation herbaria). This information was obtained by direct scanning on flatbed scanners of living plant samples before herbariums creation with further analysis by using graphic editors. Simultaneously, spectral and colour characteristics of the surface of the same plants were obtained using commercial digital spectrophotometer-calibrators, which have not been previously used for such tasks. This work represents one of the first examples of biological colorimetry, when objective quantitative parameters of living biological objects were obtained by different physical methods.
Research into the Influence of Lighting Modes on Human Performance Considering Daylighting: Survey and Experiment
Authors: Zemlyanova Ekaterina I. , Roslyakova Svetlana V. , Bragina Tatyana V. , Klimova Daria A. , Laushkinа Anastasia A. , Gofman Olga O. , Bystryantseva Natalia V.
Published: December 2024

Cities located north of the 60th parallel (Helsinki, Stockholm, Oslo, St. Petersburg etc.) are among those with a low amount of daylighting per year. The study aims to find the relationship between daylighting and electric lighting in terms of its influence on human performance, attention, and general psychophysiological state. The length of daylight hours is significantly reduced in late fall, winter, and early spring. The short length of daylight hours usually affects the well-being of people living in northern cities. The study is provided by parallel methods: an online survey and an experiment to implement a comprehensive approach. The lack of daylighting had a significant impact on the psychophysiological state of respondents in an online survey. The respondents noted a decrease in work performance, apathy, sleepiness, and lethargy in the winter season. In the spring season, the respondents described their condition as satisfied, happy, good, and highly active. The negative aspects of the lack of daylighting were noticed both by the inhabitants of the cities on the 60th parallel to the northern latitude and by the inhabitants of the more southern cities (48th parallel to the northern latitude). In the experimental part, static lighting with increased horizontal illuminance (4000 К, 700 lx) and dynamic lighting (with scheduled changes) were compared. The analysis of the experimental data showed that under static lighting the participants noticed a high concentration of attention during the day. At the end of the workday, they felt tired (headaches, tension, sore eyes). In the dynamic mode with the CCT change, the participants noticed that with the warm CCT they felt more relaxed, while with the cold CCT the concentration of attention increased. The participants rated dynamic lighting higher than static one. Dynamic lighting also has a positive effect on mental performance, selectivity of attention, and anxiety.
Measurement of the LED Lighting Industry Supply Chain Vulnerability and Identification of Key Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Zhong Yilin , Jia Xiaoming , Wei Yongyi
Published: December 2024

The current supply chain vulnerability has become a prominent factor affecting the stable development of the economy in various countries and is a significant issue with overall and long-term significance. This study constructs a network model to measure the vulnerability and identify key influencing factors in the LED lighting industry supply chain based on the entropy-CRITIC–ISM method. By reviewing literature and using expert interviews, an indicator system for measuring the vulnerability of the LED lighting industry supply chain was constructed. The relative weights of each evaluation indicator were determined using the entropy-CRITIC method, identifying the main factors influencing supply chain vulnerability. Based on the ISM model, the structure of the vulnerability of the LED lighting industry supply chain is revealed and presented in a hierarchical-directed topological graph. The results indicate that the ratio of key equipment suppliers from overseas, the spatial aggregation degree of the supply chain, the growth rate of LED lighting industry manufacturers, and the international market share of LED lighting industry products are deep-seated factors influencing the vulnerability of the LED lighting industry supply chain. The conclusions provide a quantitative method for objectively understanding the vulnerability of the LED lighting industry supply chain and offer specific policy references for filling the gaps and strengthening the industrial basic capabilities of the LED lighting industry
Mechanism of Green Lighting Technology Innovation: A Perspective of Evolutionary Game
Authors: Liu Sishi , Wang Fan
Published: December 2024

With the increasing severity of global environmental issues, as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient lighting method, green lighting technology has attracted growing attention in its development and application. However, this technological innovation encounters several challenges due to its uncertainty and complexity. Thus, this paper explores the mechanisms of technological innovation in the green lighting industry from a multidimensional perspective to address this issue. Considering the decision-making of green lighting enterprises in the context of government decision changes, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model based on the innovation decisions of enterprises and governments. The model is simulated to analyse strategy choices under different scenarios. Research results indicate that the choice of whether the government and enterprises adopt proactive innovation strategies depends on the cost-benefit situations under different strategies and the strategy decisions of other relevant entities. Companies will actively engage in technological innovation when the incentive policies enacted by the government align with the development trends of enterprises. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for decision making in technological innovation within the green lighting industry.
The Role of Private Funding and Collaborative Networks in Southern Italy's Socioeconomic Development: Insights from The Fondazione Con Il Sud
Authors: Celardi Elvira
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of private funding and collaborative networks on socio-economic development in Southern Italy, with a specific focus on Fondazione Con il Sud’s (FCS) strategy. The Foundation strongly emphasizes social cohesion and social capital, moving beyond traditional economic indicators such as GDP to drive sustainable development in marginalized regions. The evaluative study examines the effectiveness of FCS's funded projects using a "positive thinking approach" as a framework. It aims to identify the key factors contributing to long-lasting positive changes in local communities, offering hope and optimism for socioeconomic development in Southern Italy. A mixed-methods approach applied to 205 projects funded by the Foundation, covering a wide range of sectors, including social, educational, environmental, and cultural domains. The results indicate that the type of network strategy used during project implementation significantly influences medium—to long-term outcomes. These strategies, including opportunistic collaborations, third-sector networks, and community-based relations, have significant implications for socioeconomic development. Projects that foster stable partnerships and active community involvement tend to create more sustainable and enduring impacts. In contrast, opportunistic collaborations, primarily driven by short-term funding goals, cannot often generate lasting structural change. The findings suggest that long-term success is more likely when projects emphasize inclusive, multi-stakeholder collaborations and prioritize the active engagement of local actors.
Thunder Alone Does Not Defeat an Enemy: An Analysis of Airpower in Vietnam
Authors: Shum Hou Zit
Published: December 2024

Operation Rolling Thunder is among the most well-known aerial operations in the Vietnam War, if not all of military history. However, that recognition originates more from infamy than achievement. The massive employment of ordinances, manpower, capital and military logistics did not yield the results desired by the American top brass, instead, the war in Vietnam only intensified with mounting American casualties and growing anti-war sentiments. To be concise, it was a failure. This paper aims to analyze 1) how Operation Rolling Thunder was executed, 2) why it was conducted that way, and 3) what therein should be blamed for the disastrous results mentioned earlier. The objective of the paper is to provide relevant suggestions for the use of airpower based on the experiences of Operation Rolling Thunder. This paper dissects Operation Rolling Thunder by its context, execution, and efficacy to demonstrate the usefulness air power had in the war. The operation was poorly planned and done in almost all major aspects, and the results were similarly poor. Airpower failed to be an effective political tool in this case as it failed to bring the North Vietnamese government to the negotiating table. The research employs a qualitative historical analysis, drawing from established military doctrines, primary sources such as U.S. governmental documents, and secondary scholarly discussions. Findings indicate that the gradual escalation strategy, political mismanagement, and lack of coordination with ground forces were key factors contributing to the operation's failure. The study concludes by offering recommendations for the effective use of airpower in modern military campaigns, demonstrating that airpower must be deployed in concert with other military assets to achieve political objectives.
Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin “Telafide Ben de Varım” Programına İlişkin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Düzgünce Ahmet , Öztürk Mehmet Ertuğrul
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmada amaç; Covid-19’dan dolayı oluşan öğrenme kayıplarını telafi etmek için uygulamaya konulan “Telafide ben de varım” programı ile ilgili beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini incelemektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yaklaşımı içerisinde bulunan fenomenoloji metoduna göre desenlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ölçüt örneklem seçme yöntemi kullanılarak en az bir defa “Telafide ben de varım programını” uygulayan beden eğitimi öğretmenleri arasından 10 katılımcı seçilmiştir. Araştırmacılar katılımcılarla yüz yüze görüşme gerçekleştirmiştir. Veriler içerik analiz yöntemi ile NVivo paket programı kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır. Buna göre beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin ifadelerinden “Telafide ben de varım” programı uygulaması sonucunda; öğrencilerin okula, sınıfa adaptasyonuna yardımcı olduğu, çoğunlukla sportif etkinliklerin ve okul dışında yapılabilecek etkinliklerin (gezi vb.) seçildiği, akademik yönden eksik konuların kazandırılmasını desteklediği, öğrencilerin arkadaşları ile iletişim kurarak sosyalleşmesine yardımcı olduğu, öğrencilerde pandemi nedeni ile oluşan psikolojik etkileri azalttığı, öğrencilerin mutlu olduğu, eğlendiği, ders sırasında çoğunlukla öğrenci merkezli etkinliklerin seçildiği, öğretmenlerin etkinlikleri öğrencilerle birlikte seçtikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna karşın beden eğitimi öğretmenleri “Telafide ben de varım programı” uygulamasının yapıldığı mevsimin yaz mevsimi olmasından dolayı öğrencilerin sıcaktan rahatsız olduğu, bu nedenle bazı öğrencilerin okula gelmediği ve sayı 12’den aşağı düştüğü için etkinliğin sonlandırıldığı ve diğer öğrencilerin bu duruma üzüldüğü ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ışığında öğrencilerin teknoloji bağımlılığını azaltacak geleneksel çocuk oyunları ile ilgili bir proje başlatılabileceği gibi çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
YAŞLILARDA AKILCI İLAÇ KULLANIMINDA ECZACI SORUMLULUĞU
Authors: Özkaya Yağmur , Özçelikay Gülbin
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’nin de nüfusu, sağlık alanındaki gelişmeler ve doğum oranlarının azalması sonucunda giderek yaşlanmaktadır. Yaşlı bireylerin sayısının toplum içinde giderek artması ile birlikte sağlık alanında farklı sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu araştırma, yaşlı bireylerin reçete edilen ilaçların kullanımı hakkında sahip oldukları bilgi düzeylerini saptamak ve eczacılar tarafından uygulanan ilaç eğitim programının ilaç bilgi düzeylerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın materyalini, Ankara ilinde bulunan, 3 farklı huzurevinde yaşayan sürekli ilaç kullanmakta olan ve ilaçlarını kendisi alan 65 yaş ve üzeri 62 bireye uygulanan anket formları oluşturmaktadır. Demografik bilgiler, hastalık ve ilaç bilgisi, ilaç kullanımında eczacının rolü ile ilgili olmak üzere üç bölümden oluşan anket formu araştırmacılar tarafından uzman görüşü alınarak ve pilot çalışmalar sonucunda geliştirilerek hazırlanmıştır. Anket formu ve ilaç bilgi formu ön test olarak 62 hastaya uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra hastalara, Farmakolog eczacı tarafından akılcı ilaç kullanımı ile ilgili eğitim verilmiştir. Eğitim, teorik bilgi ve bire bir danışmanlık şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Eğitim sonrası yine aynı anket formu uygulanarak son test gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk ve son test sonuçları SPSS ver. 23.0 programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: İlaçlarını kendi kendine alabilen yaşlı hastalara verilen eğitim sonrasında, kullandıkları ilacın adı, ilacın kullanılma amacı, dozu, yan etkileri, saklama koşulları, son kullanma tarihlerinin kontrol edilmesi gerektiği, ilaç-besin etkileşimlerinin neler olduğu gibi konulardaki bilgi düzeyleri arasında ön test ve son test puanları karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; 65 yaş üstü yaşlı bireylerin, ilaçlarını akılcı kullanmaları konusunda eczacı yönetimli ilaç eğitim programlarının uygulanmasının yarar sağladığı görülmüştür.
Arterial hypertension in pregnant women – diagnosis and features of therapy
Authors: Spiryakina Yа. G. , Ilyenko L. I. , Evdokimov F. A. , Goryainova S. V. , Orlova N. V.
Published: December 2024

Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the most common pathology in the structure of extragenital deseases in pregnant women. Cardiovascular diseases, including strokes, account for approximately half of all cases of maternal mortality. In addition, hypertension and its complications are significant cause of fetal and infant mortality. The prevalence of this pathology increase over the past few decades. Hypertension and its complications significantly worsen the prognosis for both the mother and the fetus and newborn. Hypertension in pregnancy also causes the cardiovascular pathology in the future. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy of hypertension at all stages of preparation and the pregnancy can significantly improve the prognosis for the mother and fetus/newborn, as well as prevent possible cardiovascular diseases and complications in women in the future.
Features of the perinatal and thoracic periods in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Bavykina I. A. , Zvyagin A. A. , Ledneva V. S. , Ivannikova A. S. , Yurova I. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Background. Autism spectrum disorders are a pathology that is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the world, regardless of geographic, climatic, socioeconomic or other regional characteristics. Due to the wide spread of this pathology, early detection of disease predictors is of great importance. Competent observation by a local pediatrician in the first year of life is of great importance in the first determination of disease symptoms / identification of risk groups. However, clear predictors indicating the presence of pathology have not been developed due to the lack of an accurate understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis of autism and the diversity of the clinical signs. It is believed that the gastrointestinal tract, microbiota, food intolerance play a certain role in the development and severity of ASD, but further research is needed in this area.

Materials and methods. The study included 138 children with autism spectrum disorders aged 3–15 years (Me 6 [4; 7.5]) and their parents. There were 91 boys and 47 girls. A thorough analysis of the obstetric history, the course of the intranatal and neonatal periods, the nature of feeding, the neuropsychic development of children in the first year of life, and the social and everyday aspects of family life was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics methods.

Results. The perinatal period of children with autism spectrum disorders does not differ significantly from the average data in the population. It was found that the assessment of emotional development is of great importance in monitoring children in the first year of life. Despite the fact that the examined patients did not have a clinically significant delay in neuropsychic development (more than 2 epicrisis periods), it is nevertheless noted that motor development was impaired less often than emotional, play and speech skills.

Conclusions. Perinatal, social factors, the nature of feeding and past diseases do not affect the development of the disease. Among the assessment criteria in infancy, special attention should be paid to neuropsychic development, in particular emotional development and play activities.
Features of management of patients with pah associated with systemic connective tissue diseases in real clinical practice
Authors: Tyupina V. N. , Khidirova L. D.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the problem of diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic connective tissue diseases. PAH is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, which leads to the development of right ventricular heart failure and premature death of patients. The features of the management of patients with PAH associated with systemic connective tissue diseases in real clinical practice are presented. A clinical case is presented. The importance of early diagnosis, careful differential diagnosis and its verification using invasive methods for assessing central hemodynamics is noted. Early initiation of the initial pathogenetic combination therapy based on a comprehensive assessment of the risk of mortality and disease progression can improve not only clinical symptoms, exercise tolerance, indicators of biochemical markers, but also slow down the progression of the disease, is the key to improving the prognosis in patients with PAH. Comprehensive management of patients by a team of cardiologist and rheumatologist allows improving the volume and quality of medical care, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, and applying a personalized approach to therapy.
Clinical case of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by bronchal tuberculosis in a child
Authors: Afanasyev E. I. , Mymrina A. Yu. , Nabiullina Z. R. , Buzanakova T. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis is a localized form of tuberculosis, in some cases preceding more common and prognostically unfavorable forms of tuberculosis. With this disease, there are no absolute specific signs in the clinical and radiological picture, which makes differential diagnosis difficult. Thus, the time to verify the diagnosis is lengthened, which leads to the development of complications. Bronchial tuberculosis is a specific inflammatory lesion of the bronchial wall caused by M. tuberculosis and usually complicating the course of tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes (TIHLN) and lungs [1]. As an independent form, this disease is rare. More often it is complicated by the course of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous bronchoadenitis and primary tuberculosis complex.

Target. To analyze a clinical case of a complicated form of pulmonary tuberculosis in a child.

Materials and methods. The article used an analytical method based on data copied from the medical record of a child who was being treated at the Republican Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital (RKTB MZ UR). Results. Adequately prescribed therapy helped prevent further progression of the disease.

Conclusion. The clinical example presented in the article is one of the confirmations that planned annual diagnostic measures still remain relevant for the timely diagnosis of various diseases.
The Place of Topical Combined Multicomponent Drugs in the Therapy of Complicated Dermatoses (Resolution of the Expert Council)
Authors: Lvov A. N. , Kruglova L. S. , Zagrtdinova R. M. , Kovaleva Yu. S. , Kokhan M. M. , Matushevskaya E. V. , Olisova O. Yu. , Sidorenko O. A. , Silina L. V. , Sokolovsky E. V. , Fomina D. S. , Khaldin A. A. , Shperling N. V.
Published: December 2024

On June 15, 2024, an expert council was held in Moscow on the topic: «The Place of Topical Combined Multicomponent Drugs in the Treatment of Complicated Dermatoses.» The council became the basis for discussing the accumulated clinical and organizational problems in the field of using multicomponent drugs in algorithms for managing patients with dermatoses of combined etiology, with concomitant visceral or cutaneous comorbidity, the influence of exposome factors on the course of steroid-sensitive, potentially complicated skin diseases. The council discussed the feasibility of prescribing multicomponent drugs in patients with altered skin microbiome against the background of dermatoses, taking into account the risk factors for the addition of a secondary infection. The prerequisites for creating a modern algorithm for the use and the place of a three-component drug produced using micronization technology, containing betamethasone, gentamicin and clotrimazole, as part of the complex therapy of chronic inflammatory itchy skin diseases were discussed.
Telogen effluvium (review article)
Authors: Gesheva E. M. , Ereshko A. R.
Published: December 2024

The article presents modern data on the classification, clinical features of diffuse telogen effluvium (TE), its causes and triggers, and also discusses the features of diagnosis and treatment of different forms of TE.
Complex application of СО2 laser and tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma in postmenopausal women (literature review)
Authors: Sharova A. A. , Logacheva N. S.
Published: December 2024

Melasma is a common acquired pigmentation disorder, represented by patches of light brown or brown color localized on areas of the skin exposed to prolonged sunlight. The increased activity of melanocytes, which underlies the pathogenesis of melasma, is due to genetic predisposition, chronic insolation and hormonal imbalance. In postmenopausal women, the increased severity of melasma is associated with a combination of these factors. In addition, pigmentation disorders may be affected by taking certain medications and other environmental factors. There are many methods of treating melasma, including the use of topical remedies, chemical peels, laser therapy and others. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to an integrated approach that combines various treatment methods to achieve the best result. One of the effective methods of treating this pathology is the use of a CO2 laser. However, many patients relapse after laser treatment. In this regard, there has been interest in the combined use of laser therapy using topical agents that reduce the severity of pigmentation. One of these drugs is tranexamic acid, which has the property of reducing the activity of melanocytes.

The purpose of this literature review is to study the latest publications on the treatment of melasma using laser-associated administration of tranexamic acid.

Material and methods. The literature data on search words – melasma, hyperpigmentation, tranexamic acid, CO2 laser, fractional grinding, laser-associated administration, postmenopause in computer databases PubMed, Elibrary, Cochrane Library, Medscape were studied. Web of Science, Scopus. Publications included basic scientific research, randomized controlled trials, comments and reviews. The results of clinical improvement were assessed by the MASI melasma area and severity index, as well as the modified mMASI index.
Bullous pemphigoid. New directions of therapy, prospects for the future (literature review)
Authors: Matushevskaya E. V.
Published: December 2024

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal bullous dermatosis that significantly affects the quality of life of patients due to pronounced subjective symptoms, affecting mainly the elderly. Autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 and BP230 are involved in the pathogenesis of BP, which leads to detachment at the junction of the dermis and epidermis, as well as the formation of blisters. The severity, prevalence of the pathological process and painful itching require the appointment of high doses or constant use of systemic glucocorticoids, which is not always possible due to extensive concomitant pathology and a large list of side effects. The article presents modern methods of bullous pemphigoid therapy using monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, dupilumab, omalizumab). The mechanisms of therapeutic effect of the drugs described in the article are aimed at various pathways of immunopathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid. The new treatment methods described in the article offer alternative ways of helping patients who have contraindications to the appointment of systemic glucocorticosteroids, demonstrating the lack of effect from the use of basic therapy, with a recurrent process. New therapeutic techniques will improve results and reduce high cumulative doses of systemic corticosteroids and their associated toxic effects.
Possibilities of remote monitoring to manage skin toxicity in oncology patients
Authors: Gabrielian G. A. , Sekacheva M. I. , Orlova E. V. , Torchinsky N. V.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. Analysis of the effectiveness of remote monitoring in the management of skin toxicity in oncology patients.

Materials and methods. A comparative study of 2 cohorts of oncology patients with skin toxicity receiving supportive care through remote monitoring using the PSP “Healthy Skin” and outpatient consultations. Nonparametric statistical methods were used with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results. A comparative analysis of 150 patients divided into 2 equal groups showed the effectiveness of using the remote monitoring (group 1) in the form of a reliable decrease in median BSA (%) by 67 %, 5D itching scale by 65 %, DLQI by 70 % compared to 10 %, 22 %, 20 % in group 2, respectively, over 4 weeks of the study. In group 2, deterioration of the skin condition was noted in 13.3 % of patients, 9 % of patients underwent a reduction in the dose of the anticancer therapy, 5 % had a break, while in group 1 such episodes were not noted due to the stability of the condition. Positive dynamics in the form of a decrease in the severity of skin toxicity was noted in 48 % of cases in group 1 and in 10 % of cases in group 2. An assessment of patient satisfaction with the use of the application (B 2C (business-to-consumer) analysis) revealed satisfaction in 91.4 % of respondents.

Conclusion. The availability and effectiveness of the use of the PSP «Healthy Skin» will ensure timely supportive care, significantly reduce the severity of skin toxicity and improve the quality of life in oncology patients.
Psoriasis and oncology: is there a way out?
Authors: Shatokhina E. A. , Kushkin D. N. , Andreeva V. V. , Bobrov M. A. , Komarova A. D. , Bridan-Rostovskaya A. S. , Kruglova L. S.
Published: December 2024

In severe psoriasis, systemic therapy is required, but the number of studies on the use of biologics drugs in patients with existing or history of cancer is limited, which creates difficulties in prescribing this group of drugs. The presented clinical case demonstrates the interdisciplinary interaction between a dermatologist and an oncologic surgeon. A patient diagnosed with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and basal cell carcinoma underwent successful therapy with the IL-23 inhibitor risankizumab, which has demonstrated high safety and efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis, and surgical removal of the basal cell carcinoma by Mohs micrographic surgery. For patients with psoriasis and an existing or history of cancer, multidisciplinary collaboration is required to determine optimal therapeutic tactics.
Topical therapy for psoriasis: algorithms for the use of activated zinc pyrithione
Authors: Kruglova L. S. , Gryazeva N. V. , Uspenskaya P. A.
Published: December 2024

Treatment of any type of psoriasis involves the use of external therapy. Recommended topical preparations include: corticosteroids, calcipotriol in combination with corticosteroids, zinc pyrithione, keratolytics, tar. A special place in the therapy of psoriasis is occupied by a drug containing activated zinc pyrithione (Skin-cap), due to its effectiveness, safety and the availability of various forms (aerosol, cream, shampoo), which allows it to be used in both short-term and long-term therapy at different stages of the disease. Complex treatment, including the use of topical forms containing activated zinc pyrithione, is a highly effective, safe, pathogenetically substantiated method of treating various forms of psoriasis, allowing to achieve rapid regression of rashes, minimize the risk of adverse effects and achieve long-term control over the disease, which significantly improves the quality of life of patients
Institute for Advanced Training of Healthcare Specialists
Authors: Shchetkina M. V.
Published: December 2024

Longitudinal erythronychia presents as a red stripe running along the nail plate, originating from the base of the nail and stretching to its tip. It can vary in appearance and is categorized into different types based on the number and pattern of red stripes: type Ia (single stripe), Ib (split single stripe), IIa (single stripe affecting multiple nails), and IIb (multiple stripes affecting multiple nails). Additional symptoms may include nail brittleness and separation from the nail bed (onycholysis). Erythronychia can stem from various underlying conditions, including tumors, and diagnosis often involves a nail biopsy, especially in older patients, to rule out cancer. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve surgical removal if the condition causes discomfort or severe nail damage. Longitudinal erythronychia is gaining attention among dermatologists and other medical professionals due to its significance in diagnosing nail plate disorders. The appearance of red stripes on the nails can indicate a range of issues, from tumors to systemic diseases and injuries. Recent years have seen an uptick in reported cases, underscoring the need for research into its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Despite increasing interest, many aspects of longitudinal erythronychia remain unclear. This review aims to examine existing clinical studies to better understand its defining features, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review will draw from contemporary literature to provide up-to-date insights into this phenomenon.
Weight control issues: perspectives in aesthetic medicine
Authors: Kruglova L. S. , Tamrazova A. V.
Published: December 2024

Over the past 30 years, the number of people with obesity has almost doubled in the world – a chronic disease accompanied by progressive metabolic disorders and an increased risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc. The rapidly growing number of overweight adults and adolescents, the severity and low efficiency of existing traditional methods of treating obesity, prompt the search for the most effective and safe methods of therapy. Semaglutide is a glucan-like peptide 1 agonist that has demonstrated promising efficacy not only in glycemic control, but also in weight loss by delaying gastric emptying, enhancing and prolonging the feeling of satiety, reducing appetite and energy consumption. The article discusses the main mechanisms of action of semaglutide, and also presents data from STEP studies on the efficacy and safety of semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg per week in patients with obesity or overweight without diabetes mellitus.
Application of IPL therapy and neodymium laser in the treatment of melasma
Authors: Semizidis A. T. , Manturova N. E. , Kruglova L. S.
Published: December 2024

Melasma is a fairly common pathology that refers to acquired melanin hyperpigmentation with clinical symptoms affecting exclusively the skin and manifested in the form of spotty elements with color variations from light to dark brown and typical localization of the pathological process on the skin of the face. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of the developed combined therapy method using dermatocosmetics, IPL therapy and laser therapy with a neodymium laser. The overall therapeutic effectiveness in accordance with the dynamics of the MASI index was 59.6 %, the MSI index – 77 %, and the MELASQoL – 74.2 %.
Use of phototechnologies in the treatment of diffuse alopecia
Authors: Ereshko A. R. , Gesheva E. M.
Published: December 2024

Today, diffuse alopecia is considered a multifactorial dermatosis, in the development of which an important role is played by a genetic determinant with a polygenic inheritance system with a determining effect of provoking factors, through the action of which a predisposition to hair loss is realized. The purpose of this study is the scientific substantiation and development of a combined method including fractional laser therapy, transvenous blood irradiation and minoxidil for the treatment of patients with diffuse telogen effluvium. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the greatest impact on the indicators of the microcirculation efficiency index is exerted by combined therapy with an erbium laser, transcutaneous laser blood irradiation and external use of minoxidil. In second place is an erbium laser and external use of minoxidil, in 3rd place is transcutaneous laser blood irradiation and external use of minoxidil, in 4th place is external use of minoxidil.
Psoriatic erythroderma and the efficacy of the IL-23 inhibitor guselkumab in clinical practice
Authors: Vladimirova I. S. , Kruglova L. S.
Published: December 2024

Psoriatic erythroderma is the most severe and rare form of psoriasis, with damage to at least 90 % of the body surface area. Most often, psoriatic erythroderma develops in patients with uncontrolled psoriasis and without timely treatment becomes a potentially life-threatening condition. Against the background of generalized damage to the skin, there is a high risk of developing systemic disorders, and therefore effective and safe treatment methods are needed. Traditional systemic drugs such as retinoids, cyclosporine and methotrexate are not effective and safe enough for psoriatic erythroderma, and in most cases have contraindications associated with comorbid conditions. Systemic genetically engineered biological drugs, including TNF-a inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, IL-12/23 inhibitors, IL-23 inhibitors show high efficacy and safety in vulgar psoriasis, which makes it possible to use them in psoriatic erythroderma. However, studies and publications regarding the appointment of systemic biological therapy in psoriatic erythroderma are isolated despite the fact that this is a severe, albeit rare form of psoriasis. Data on the use, as well as the efficacy and safety of the IL-23 inhibitor guselkumab in psoriatic erythroderma are limited. In this article we discuss the clinical manifestations of psoriatic erythroderma, the impact on the quality of life of patients and, using clinical cases as an example, the efficacy and safety of genetically engineered biological therapy with an IL-23 inhibitor (guselkumab) for psoriatic erythroderma are shown.
The effect of occupational stress on diseases of the cardiovascular system of teachers
Authors: Orlova N. V. , Glibko K. V. , Goryainova S. V. , Evdokimov F. A. , Milovanova O. A.
Published: December 2024

The teaching profession is accompanied by risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The lifestyle of teachers is characterized by low physical activity, skipping meals, and low dietary diversity. Teachers are affected by chronic emotional stress. Stress can lead to narrowing of the arteries, promote intravascular inflammation, increase blood clotting, and may increase the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death. Research indicates the widespread prevalence of diseases of the cardiovascular system among teachers and, first of all, arterial hypertension. The study showed that teachers in a stressful situation were 3.027 times more at risk of developing hypertension. There is low awareness among teachers about their existing diseases and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Professional stress in the workplace of teachers requires control and regulation. It is necessary to inform teachers about the importance of a healthy lifestyle.
Association of body composition of patients with chronic heart failure with the course of the disease
Authors: Shevtsova V. I. , Pashkova A. A. , Salamatova V. N. , Shevtsov A. N. , Krasnoruckaya O. N.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To identify the relationship between the nutritional status of patients suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF) and their clinical condition.

Materials and methods. The study involved 298 people: 115 men and 183 women (the average age was 61 years). After body composition assessment, the patients were divided into 5 groups: group 1 – reduced weight + sarcopenia (n=45); group 2 – normal weight + sarcopenia (n=79); group 3 – normal weight without sarcopenia (n=49); 4th group – obesity + sarcopenia (n=72); group 5 – obesity without sarcopenia (n=53). The clinical condition of patients in the study groups was assessed with the determination of functional class (FC), ejection fraction (EF), and the analysis of laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal natriuretic propeptide B-type (NT-proBNP) and galectin‑3 was carried out.

Results. The most unfavorable course of CHF was determined in patients with reduced body weight and sarcopenia. Thus, in group 1, FC IV was more common than in others (42.2%), FC II was not determined at all. The EF values were the lowest and amounted to 27–36%. The least severe course of CHF was observed in patients with normal body weight without sarcopenia. FC II was more common in group 3 (67.3%). At the same time, the EF was reduced or intermediate. In the obese groups, the course of the disease was less favorable than in the group with normal body composition. However, it is better than in patients with sarcopenia alone. In groups 4 (47.2%) and 5 (52.8%), FC III was more common, and the values of the EF exceeded 50%.

Conclusion. Changes in the body composition of patients suffering from CHF are definitely associated with the severity of the disease and relate to unfavorable prognostic factors. To choose the most effective treatment tactics for patients, it is necessary to identify the clinical phenotypes of CHF with an assessment of the components of body composition.