bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registration of a Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) Population
Authors: Huynh Bao-Lam , Ehlers Jeffrey D. , Close Timothy J. , Roberts Philip A.
Published: March 2019

The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population (Reg. No. MP‐1, NSL 526803 MAP) consists of 305 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The population was constructed from eight elite parents that are genetically diverse and carry combinations of abiotic and biotic stress resistance traits relevant to cowpea improvement in sub‐Saharan Africa. The eight parents were intermated using structured crosses to ensure the population would have balanced representation from each of the founder parents, followed by seven rounds of single‐seed descent. The resulting F8 RILs each carry a mosaic of genome blocks contributed from all founders as revealed by high‐resolution single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. The RILs are diverse in agronomic traits, including flowering time, growth habit, maturity, yield potential, and seed characteristics across environments. Due to its broad genetic base, this cowpea MAGIC population will simplify and facilitate community‐wide discovery of marker‐trait associations and fine mapping for gene discovery.
Registration of ‘Shelly’ Hard Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Anderson J. A. , Wiersma J. J. , Reynolds S. K. , Caspers R. , Linkert G .L. , Kolmer J. A. , Jin Y. , Rouse M. N. , Dill-Macky R. , Smith M. J. , Dykes L. , Ohm J.-B.
Published: March 2019

Grain yield is generally the most important criterion growers use to select which cultivar to grow. ‘Shelly’ (Reg. No. CV‐1150, PI 681618) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was released by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2016 because it combines very high grain yield with acceptable lodging resistance, grain protein concentration and end‐use quality characteristics, and good resistance to the diseases Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. Shelly is a mid‐late maturity, semidwarf cultivar that is well adapted to the north‐central United States and is among the highest‐yielding cultivars currently available.
Eteplirsen Treatment Attenuates Respiratory Decline in Ambulatory and Non-Ambulatory Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Khan Navid , Eliopoulos Helen , Han Lixin , Kinane T. Bernard , Lowes Linda P. , Mendell Jerry R. , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Henricson Erik K. , McDonald Craig M. ,   on behalf of the Eteplirsen Investigators and the CINRG DNHS Investigators
Published: March 2019

Background:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients experience skeletal muscle degeneration, including respiratory muscles. Respiratory decline in glucocorticoid-treated DMD patients, measured by percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% p), is typically 5% annually in patients aged 10 to 18 years.

Objective:

Evaluate the effects of eteplirsen on FVC% p annual change in 3 trials versus matched Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group Duchenne Natural History Study (CINRG DNHS) controls.

Methods:

Eteplirsen studies 201/202 evaluated eligible ambulatory DMD patients for at least 4 years, study 204 evaluated primarily non-ambulatory DMD patients for 2 years, and ongoing study 301 is evaluating ambulatory DMD patients for 2 years (interim analysis is included). Eteplirsen-treated patients ( n = 74) were amenable to exon 51 skipping and were receiving glucocorticoids. Three CINRG DNHS cohorts included: glucocorticoid-treated patients amenable to exon 51 skipping (Exon 51 CINRG DNHS; n = 20), all glucocorticoid-treated CINRG patients (All CINRG DNHS; n = 172), and all glucocorticoid-treated genotyped CINRG DNHS patients (Genotyped CINRG DNHS; n = 148). FVC% p assessments between ages 10 and <18 years were included for all patients; mixed-model analyses characterized FVC% p annual change.

Results:

FVC% p annual change was greater for CINRG DNHS Exon 51 controls (– 6.00) versus patients in studies 201/202, study 204, and study 301 (– 2.19, P < 0.001; – 3.66, P 0.004; and – 3.79, P 0.017, respectively). FVC% p annual change in all eteplirsen studies suggested treatment benefit compared with the Genotyped CINRG DNHS (– 5.67) and All CINRG DNHS (– 5.56) cohorts ( P < 0.05, all comparisons).

Conclusions:

Significant, clinically meaningful attenuation of FVC%p decline was observed in eteplirsen-treated patients versus CINRG DNHS controls.
E-Black Board System-A step towards Digital Education
Authors: Mishra Priya , Meshram Yogita , Dange Pallavi , Wankhede Amruta , Bawankule Prakashini , Mane Shraddha
Published: March 2019

E-Black Board system provides the easiest and convenient way of learning in Educational systems. This project presents a system which takes a small step digital learning. Android application is provided which takes the speech from the user and work in collaboration with the Bluetooth device. In Listening mode, application converts the spoken words into text and displays them onto the LCD screen. Power supply will supply the system energy needed which can be connected to any digital devices (like PC, Laptops, Mobile, etc).The converted text will be then displayed to the LCD screen with the help of Microcontroller. Along with this the customer would be informed about the on-going offers in the store. In today’s digital environment this system provides easy and fast learning facility.
Komposisi Jenis Lamun (Seagrass) Di Kawasan Pantai Malagoso Desa Dumolodo Kecamatan Gentuma Raya Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Auliyah Nurul
Published: March 2019

This research aims to identificated the composition of the type and seagrass beds density in malagoso beach, Dulomodo Village. The data was undetaken by survei method and transect square method. There are 3 stations where every stations will cut in 3 times. The analysis used and covering identification of the type of seagrass beds, density, coverage of seagrass and the closure of the parameters of the enviroment. The results of identification to research is found 4 types species of seagrass, there is  Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea serurulata, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium. Seagrass beds density ranged from 20 tegakan/m -600 tegakan/m. The parameter of water quality there are temperature 200C, salinity31 ppt, pH 8,2, brightess about 0,2-1 meters, the substrates are muddy and rocky.Keywords : Seagrass density, The seagrass bed, Malagoso beach.
Struktur Komunitas Mangrove Pesisir Pantai Desa Dalapuli Barat, Bolaang Mongondow Utara
Authors: Auliyah Nurul , Blongkod Agus
Published: March 2019

Mangrove is one of vegetation on coastal where very important. The aim of research is to know the structure of community of mangrove forests in Dalapuli Barat Village Pinogaluman Sub-district, Bolaang Mongondow Utara District. The method to take the sample in this research is transek square method. The first sample plot is on the left of the path axis and the second sample plot is on the right of the path axis and then alternates. Sampling growth of 2 m x 2 m for the seedling phase, ie regeneration of trees that begin to increase until the power <1.5 m. Example plots are 5 m x 5 m for the stake, ie high regeneration> 1.5 m up to <10 cm in diameter, and. The sample plot is 10 m x 10m for the tree phase, ie trees having a diameter of more than 10 cm. The results of this study are: 8 species of mangrove species are found in Rhyzopora apiculata, Xylocarpus granatum, Cheriops tag, Sonneratia alba, Nypa fruticans, Lumnitzera littorea, pandanus techtorius, and Acanthus ebracteatus The essential tree index value (INP) is 302, Pancang is 302, (scale 0 - 300 and seedling level includes 313. Index diversity of analysis result is low. Keywords : Mangrove, Community, Dalapuli Village
Inicijalna validacija skraćenog Upitnika psihološkog
kapitala (UPK-12) na hrvatskom uzorku
Authors: Murgić Dubravko , Rijavec Majda , Miljković Dubravka
Published: March 2019

Psihološki kapital
(PsiKap) relativno je novi konstrukt koji se definira kao pozitivno psihološko
stanje razvoja pojedinca, a uključuje četiri pozitivne psihološke komponente: samoefikasnost,
optimizam, nadu i psihološku otpornost. Brojna istraživanja pokazala su njegovu
povezanost s mnogim pozitivnim organizacijskim ishodima. U Hrvatskoj do danas
nije provedeno nijedno istraživanje pouzdanosti i valjanosti postojećih
instrumenta za mjerenje PsiKapa. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio ispitati pouzdanost
i valjanost skraćenog Upitnika PsiKapa s 12 čestica (UPK-12). U istraživanju su
sudjelovala 304 zaposlenika različitog roda, dobi i pozicije u jednoj organizaciji.
Konfirmatornom faktorskom analizom potvrđeno je postojanje jednog zajedničkog
faktora višeg reda koji je nadređen i predstavlja četiri navedene pod-dimenzije.
Unutarnja je pouzdanost skale zadovoljavajuća. Potvrđena je pozitivna
povezanost između PsiKapa i poslovnog i životnog zadovoljstva, a rukovoditelji
su pokazali višu razinu PsiKapa od zaposlenika. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da
skraćena verzija upitnika PsiKapa pokazuje zadovoljavajuću pouzdanost i
valjanost.
The closed head injury with the hematoma formation of stroke: the analysis of the clinical case
Authors: Svyrydova N. K. , Kravchuk N. O. , Ingula N. l. , Lishnevskyi S. O. , Bondarenko A. S. , Ponomarenko Y. V. , Pavliuk N. P. , Popov O. V. , Usovych K. M. , Svystun V. Y. , Manykina K. O.
Published: March 2019

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) annually in the world traumatic brain injury (TBI) are about 10 million people, of whom 1.5 million die (9.0% of all causes of mortality), and another 2.4 million are disabled. The incidence of TBI is 1,8-5,4 per 100 thousand population, according to WHO, every year it increases by 2%. In Ukraine there is a TBI each year almost 100-200 thousand. Victims, about 1 million. Establish disability due to TBI. In 50-90% of patients after brain injury neurological symptoms persist or new emerging neurological syndromes that cause disability in 45% of them. Every year in Ukraine die from TBI 10-11 thousand citizens, in accordance mortality of 2.4 cases per 10 thousand population (USA- 1.8-2.2 per 10,000 per year).
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF SISWA PADA MATERI PERUBAHAN LINGKUNGAN DAN DAUR ULANG LIMBAH KELAS X DI SMA
Authors: Fatiqin Awalul , Amilda Amilda , Sari Helen Monica
Published: March 2019

This study aims to determine the Differences of Cognitive Ability of Students Before and After Application of Guided Inquiry Learning Model on Environmental Change Material and Waste Recycling Class X in SMA 'Aisyiyah 1 Palembang. The research method used in this research is weak experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study consists of one class of 38 students. Sampling in this research using saturated sample technique because the entire population is sampled. Technique of collecting data is done with test question and observation sheet. Based on the results of data using t test at the real level of 5% tcount = 7,607 and ttable = 2.026, then tcount> ttable. This can be seen from the cognitive test of students showed sig thitung 0.000 <0,05, then Ha accepted and H0 rejected. The result of the analysis of the average increase of the students 'cognitive achievement on the pretest reaches 69.34 while the cognitive students in the posttest reach 83.82 means students' cognitive ability is higher after the application of guided inquiry learning model. Then it can be deduced that there is a Difference of Cognitive Ability of Students Before and After Application of Guided Inquiry Learning Model.
Effect of Pollen Grains and Growth Regulator NAA on Some Fruit Characterization of Date Palm Phoenix Dactylifera L Cultivar. Sultani
Authors: Ali Aubied Imad , Abdalkhadhm Hamzah Hader
Published: March 2019

This research was conducted in orchard belong to Al-Mahawel date palm station (Abo Sderah) / Ministry of Agriculture located in governorate of Babylon, during the season 2015-2016. Twenty four uniform date palm Phoenix dactylifera. L. Sultani cultivar were used , to study the effect of the pollinator type(P1: Ghannamiakhder , P2: Ghannamiahmer and P3:khukri ), the concentration of Naphthalene Acetic Acid NAA(0 , 50 and 100 ) mg.L-1 and their interaction on fruits setting up , fruits drop and some of physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of date palm Sultani cultivar .Experiment carried out as factorial experiment(3×3) by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in each treatment , and the means were compared using LSD level of significant test at P ≤ 0·05. The results can be summarized as that Ghannamiahmer (P2)cultivar and 50 mg.L-1 NAA application showed a significant increase in the fruit setting% , while Khukri cultivar(P3) showed significantly increased fruit size and weight as compared with the other cultivars.Furthermore the cultivar(P1) obtained a significant increase in the bunch weight in Rutab stage as compared with the other cultivars. While the cultivar (P2) with 100 mg.L-1 NAA application showed significant increase in bunch weight in Rutab stage as compared with the other interactions. Ghannamiakhder (P1) cultivar had a significant increase in the fruit content of reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, while khukri showed significant increase in fruit content of dry matter% and total sugars as compared with the other cultivars.
Roots of Lucerne Seedlings are More Resilient to a Water Deficit than Leaves or Stems
Authors: Luo Yong-Zhong , Liu Hui , Yan Guijun , Li Guang , Turner Neil C.
Published: March 2019

Drought is one of the most harmful environmental stresses affecting the physiological, biochemical processes and growth of plants. Lucerne or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), one of the most popular pasture species in arid and semi-arid regions, plays a critical role in sustaining agricultural systems in many areas of the world. In order to evaluate the effect of water shortage on water status, biomass distribution and proline content, the relative water content (RWC), biomass and proline concentration in the leaves, stems and roots of lucerne seedlings under three different water regimes were studied in pots under a rainout shelter. The results showed that after water was withheld, the RWC of the different organs decreased significantly; at the same soil water content, the leaf RWC was higher than that of the stem and root. The biomass of the leaves, stems and roots were all reduced by water stress, while the root–shoot ratio increased indicating that the roots were less affected than the leaves and stems. Proline concentration increased with decreasing soil water content with the leaf proline concentration increasing more than that of stems and roots. These results indicate that roots of lucerne seedlings show greater resilience to water deficits than shoots.
Logistic Regression to Evaluate the Marketability of Pepper Cultivars
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Manuel , Carreño-Ortega Ángel , Salinas-Andújar José-Antonio , Callejón-Ferre Ángel-Jesús
Published: March 2019

The goal of this paper is to show that logistic regression is an analytical method of interest to evaluate the marketability of different pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars. Two studies were conducted on “Italian sweet” pepper cultivars. Fruit samples were introduced in storage chambers and kept at 9 °C and 85–95% relative humidity during the study period. The fruits were evaluated individually and periodically by measuring the deterioration of fruit quality (rot, ageing, etc.). In this study, categorical explanatory variables (rot, etc.) and continuous explanatory variables (days of storage) were integrated and combined to determine the probability of marketability of the fruit. The results show that the binary logistic model is a useful statistical tool to analyse together both categorical and continuous variables in the study of the marketability of pepper cultivars.
Using Plant Phenomics to Exploit the Gains of Genomics
Authors: Pratap Aditya , Gupta Sanjeev , Nair Ramakrishnan Madhavan , Gupta S. K. , Schafleitner Roland , Basu P. S. , Singh Chandra Mohan , Prajapati Umashanker , Gupta Ajeet Kumar , Nayyar Harsh , Mishra Awdhesh Kumar , Baek Kwang-Hyun
Published: March 2019

Agricultural scientists face the dual challenge of breeding input-responsive, widely adoptable and climate-resilient varieties of crop plants and developing such varieties at a faster pace. Integrating the gains of genomics with modern-day phenomics will lead to increased breeding efficiency which in turn offers great promise to develop such varieties rapidly. Plant phenotyping techniques have impressively evolved during the last two decades. The low-cost, automated and semi-automated methods for data acquisition, storage and analysis are now available which allow precise quantitative analysis of plant structure and function; and genetic dissection of complex traits. Appropriate plant types can now be quickly developed that respond favorably to low input and resource-limited environments and address the challenges of subsistence agriculture. The present review focuses on the need of systematic, rapid, minimal invasive and low-cost plant phenotyping. It also discusses its evolution to modern day high throughput phenotyping (HTP), traits amenable to HTP, integration of HTP with genomics and the scope of utilizing these tools for crop improvement.
Efficiency of Nanoparticle, Sulfate, and Zinc-Chelate Use on Biomass, Yield, and Nitrogen Assimilation in Green Beans
Authors: Ponce-García Cástor Omar , Soto-Parra Juan Manuel , Sánchez Esteban , Muñoz-Márquez Ezequiel , Piña-Ramírez Francisco Javier , Flores-Córdova María Antonia , Pérez-Leal Ramona , Yáñez Muñoz Rosa María
Published: March 2019

The introduction of nanofertilizers (Nfs) in agriculture has allowed the development of new technologies that enhance the productivity of crops. Within the most studied Nfs we find metal oxides, especially ZnO; however, the results of various experiments provide contradictory data on the growth variables. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the efficiency associated with the use of nanoparticles, sulfates, and zinc-chelates in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike grown in acid soil, as well as to evaluate its production, total biomass, and nitrogen assimilation. Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike plants were sprouted and grown in polyethylene bags containing 3 kg of acid soil (pH 6.8) in an experimental greenhouse and were watered with a nutritious solution. A completely randomized design including ten treatments and five repetitions was used. Treatments consisted of applying different zinc sources (sulfate, DTPA chelate, and zinc oxide nanoparticles) to four different doses (0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm of zinc). Results obtained indicated that the doses best favoring an increase in biomass, production, and nitrogen assimilation were 50 ppm of ZnSO4, 100 ppm of DTPA-Zn, and 25 ppm of zinc oxide nanofertilizers (NfsOZn). Hence, the dose containing 25 ppm of NfsOZn was the most efficient dose, since at a lower dose it was able to equalize biomass accumulation, production, and nitrogen assimilation as compared to ZnSO4 and DTPA-Zn sources. However, further research is required, given that high-concentration doses were toxic for beans. Finally, it is worth highlighting that zinc oxide nanoparticles have a huge potential to be used as nanofertilizers if applied in optimal concentrations.
Growing Pigs’ Interest in Enrichment Objects with Different Characteristics and Cleanliness
Authors: Beaudoin Jean-Michel , Bergeron Renée , Devillers Nicolas , Laforest Jean-Paul
Published: March 2019

Enrichment objects can be a practical way to provide rooting and chewing material to growing pigs, on which they can express species-specific behaviors. The challenge is to provide enrichment objects that will satisfy pigs’ behavioral needs, while being practical and low-cost for the producers. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of object characteristics such as design, location, cleanliness or degree of wear, on pigs’ interest over time. The first trial compared seven objects, varying in their design and location, presented individually for five consecutive days to groups of 12 ± 3 (average ± SD) pigs, weighing 61 ± 9.2 kg. The pigs’ interest in the objects was evaluated based on the frequency, total duration and mean length of manipulation with the objects. All objects were manipulated at different levels depending on their characteristics. On average, the pigs interacted more frequently (p < 0.001) with a chewable object made of three polyurethane balls, spring-mounted and anchored to the floor, and spent more time manipulating a dried wood beam on the floor (p < 0.05), which was destructible and chewable, than suspended ropes, plastics and rubber objects, and a plastic ball on the floor. The second trial used two-choice preference tests to compare objects varying in their degree of cleanliness or wear, presented in pairs to growing pigs weighing 47 ± 7 kg and housed in groups of 14 ± 1. Two identical objects were placed simultaneously in a pen over 5 days, and only one of them was cleaned or replaced daily (treatment) while the duplicate was left untouched (control). The results showed no clear preference between control and treatment objects, indicating that short-term maintenance of the objects might be unnecessary.
Maternal Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins in Sheep Results in Increased Transfer to the Fetus and Improvement of Fetal Antioxidant Status and Development
Authors: Sales Francisco , Peralta Oscar A. , Narbona Eileen , McCoard Sue , Lira Raúl , De Los Reyes Mónica , González-Bulnes Antonio , Parraguez Víctor H.
Published: March 2019

Twinning and maternal nutritional restriction leads to fetal hypoxia, oxidative stress, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in near-term sheep pregnancies. Our aim was to determine the effect of oral supplementation of vitamins C and E in pregnant sheep on maternal and umbilical cord blood concentrations of vitamins C and E and the effects on fetal antioxidant status, growth, and placental efficiency. Sixteen single- and sixteen twin-bearing ewes, grazing natural Patagonian prairies, were selected after transrectal ultrasound at day 30 after mating. Half of ewes from each pregnancy rank were supplemented daily with vitamins C and E, administered orally, from 30 to 140 days of gestation, when maternal jugular and fetal venous cord blood samples were obtained during cesarean section. Fetuses were weighed and sexed. Placental weight in each fetus was also obtained. Blood plasma was harvested for measurements of maternal and fetal vitamins concentration and fetal antioxidant capacity. Maternal administration of vitamin C and E was associated with increased fetal cord levels of both vitamins, improved antioxidant status, and enhanced fetal growth in both singleton and twin pregnancies associated with increased placental efficiency. These results highlight the potential of vitamin C and E supplementation to reduce the impact of IUGR in both livestock and humans.
High-Sensitive TM Modes in Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavity with Horizontal Air Gap for Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Yang Jin-Kyu , Kim Chae-Young , Lee Minji
Published: March 2019

We propose a new type of refractive index sensing based on the transverse magnetic (TM) modes in the photonic crystal (PhC) nanobeam (NB) cavity with a horizontal air gap. The electric field of the resonant TM mode is strongly confined within the horizontal air gap present at the PhC NB cavity. In order to increase the quality (Q) factor and the sensitivity (S) of the refractive index change in the air simultaneously, the cavity structure is fully optimized. Because of the trade-off between the Q-factor and S of the TM mode in the PhC NB cavity with an air gap, there is an optimal thickness of the air gap in the dielectric slot. From the numerical simulation results, S can exceed 1000 nm/RIU with Q > 40,000. When the dielectric slot becomes thin, S could be higher than 1200 nm/RIU. For practical applications, we suggest an Si-based PhC NB cavity with a horizontal SiO2 slot structure which can also provide high S with a high Q-factor after a very fine selective wet etching process. This new type of TM resonant mode in the PhC NB cavity can be an ideal platform for compact sensors in photonic integrated circuits for TM waveguide systems.
Strength and Water Purification Properties of Environment-Friendly Construction Material Produced with the (D)PAOs and Zeolite
Authors: Jang Young-Il , Lee Byung-Jae , Lee Jong-Won
Published: March 2019

The goal of this study was to improve the water purification performance of secondary concrete products that can be used in rivers and streams. To this end, mortar and porous concrete were produced by adding both de-nitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms ((D)PAOs) and zeolite, and their mechanical properties and water purification performance were analyzed. The compression strength test results showed that the strength was the highest when the mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite were set to 10% and 5%, respectively. For better contaminant adsorption, however, the optimal mixing ratio of zeolite was determined to be 10%. When the mixing ratio of (D)PAOs was set to 10%, the concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased by 57.9% and 89.9%, respectively, after seven days of immersion when compared to the initial concentrations. When compared to plain porous concrete, the total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) removal ratios of the develop concrete were 11.0% and 17.8% higher, respectively. When the mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite were set to 10% for both, the T-N and T-P removal ratios were determined to be 86.3% and 88.1%, respectively, while the BOD and COD concentrations were 2.668 mg/L and 16.915 mg/L, respectively. In simpler terms, the water purification performance was up to 17% higher in the concrete mixed with both 10% (D)PAOs and 10% zeolite than in the concrete mixed with 10% (D)PAOs only. Overall, the optimal mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite to maximize the water purification effect of secondary concrete products while maintaining their strengths equivalent to or higher than those of their corresponding plain concrete products are considered to be 10% for both.
Spam Review Detection Techniques: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hussain Naveed , Turab Mirza Hamid , Rasool Ghulam , Hussain Ibrar , Kaleem Mohammad
Published: March 2019

Online reviews about the purchase of products or services provided have become the main source of users’ opinions. In order to gain profit or fame, usually spam reviews are written to promote or demote a few target products or services. This practice is known as review spamming. In the past few years, a variety of methods have been suggested in order to solve the issue of spam reviews. In this study, the researchers carry out a comprehensive review of existing studies on spam review detection using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Overall, 76 existing studies are reviewed and analyzed. The researchers evaluated the studies based on how features are extracted from review datasets and different methods and techniques that are employed to solve the review spam detection problem. Moreover, this study analyzes different metrics that are used for the evaluation of the review spam detection methods. This literature review identified two major feature extraction techniques and two different approaches to review spam detection. In addition, this study has identified different performance metrics that are commonly used to evaluate the accuracy of the review spam detection models. Lastly, this work presents an overall discussion about different feature extraction approaches from review datasets, the proposed taxonomy of spam review detection approaches, evaluation measures, and publicly available review datasets. Research gaps and future directions in the domain of spam review detection are also presented. This research identified that success factors of any review spam detection method have interdependencies. The feature’s extraction depends upon the review dataset, and the accuracy of review spam detection methods is dependent upon the selection of the feature engineering approach. Therefore, for the successful implementation of the spam review detection model and to achieve better accuracy, these factors are required to be considered in accordance with each other. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of existing studies in the domain of spam review detection using SLR process.
Introduction “Hip-Hop, Art, and Visual Culture: Connections, Influences, and Critical Discussions”
Authors: Broome Jeffrey L. , Munson Lisa
Published: March 2019

Visual art has been tied to hip-hop culture since its emergence in the 1970s [...]
Calibration Procedure and Accuracy of Wind and Turbulence Measurements with Five-Hole Probes on Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Wind Turbine Wakes
Authors: Rautenberg Alexander , Allgeier Jonas , Jung Saskia , Bange Jens
Published: March 2019

For research in the atmospheric boundary layer and in the vicinity of wind turbines, the turbulent 3D wind vector can be measured from fixed-wing unmanned aerial systems (UAS) with a five-hole probe and an inertial navigation system. Since non-zero vertical wind and varying horizontal wind causes variations in the airspeed of the UAS, and since it is desirable to sample with a flexible cruising airspeed to match a broad range of operational requirements, the influence of airspeed variations on mean values and turbulence statistics is investigated. Three calibrations of the five-hole probe at three different airspeeds are applied to the data of three flight experiments. Mean values and statistical moments of second order, calculated from horizontal straight level flights are compared between flights in a stably stratified polar boundary layer and flights over complex terrain in high turbulence. Mean values are robust against airspeed variations, but the turbulent kinetic energy, variances and especially covariances, and the integral length scale are strongly influenced. Furthermore, a transect through the wake of a wind turbine and a tip vortex is analyzed, showing the instantaneous influence of the intense variations of the airspeed on the measurement of the turbulent 3D wind vector. For turbulence statistics, flux calculations, and quantitative analysis of turbine wake characteristics, an independent measurement of the true airspeed with a pitot tube and the interpolation of calibration polynomials at different Reynolds numbers of the probe’s tip onto the Reynolds number during the measurement, reducing the uncertainty significantly.
Improvements in Forecasting Intense Rainfall: Results from the FRANC (Forecasting Rainfall Exploiting New Data Assimilation Techniques and Novel Observations of Convection) Project
Authors: Dance Sarah L. , Ballard Susan P. , Bannister Ross N. , Clark Peter , Cloke Hannah L. , Darlington Timothy , Flack David L. A. , Gray Suzanne L. , Hawkness-Smith Lee , Husnoo Nawal , Illingworth Anthony J. , Kelly Graeme A. , Lean Humphrey W. , Li Dingmin , Nichols Nancy K. , Nicol John C. , Oxley Andrew , Plant Robert S. , Roberts Nigel M. , Roulstone Ian , Simonin David , Thompson Robert J. , Waller Joanne A.
Published: March 2019

The FRANC project (Forecasting Rainfall exploiting new data Assimilation techniques and Novel observations of Convection) has researched improvements in numerical weather prediction of convective rainfall via the reduction of initial condition uncertainty. This article provides an overview of the project’s achievements. We highlight new radar techniques: correcting for attenuation of the radar return; correction for beams that are over 90% blocked by trees or towers close to the radar; and direct assimilation of radar reflectivity and refractivity. We discuss the treatment of uncertainty in data assimilation: new methods for estimation of observation uncertainties with novel applications to Doppler radar winds, Atmospheric Motion Vectors, and satellite radiances; a new algorithm for implementation of spatially-correlated observation error statistics in operational data assimilation; and innovative treatment of moist processes in the background error covariance model. We present results indicating a link between the spatial predictability of convection and convective regimes, with potential to allow improved forecast interpretation. The research was carried out as a partnership between University researchers and the Met Office (UK). We discuss the benefits of this approach and the impact of our research, which has helped to improve operational forecasts for convective rainfall events.
Effect of the Incorporation of Titanium on the Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films: From Doping to Mixed Oxide Formation
Authors: Yuste Miriam , Escobar-Galindo Ramon , Benito Noelia , Palacio Carlos , Martínez Oscar , Albella Jose Maria , Sánchez Olga
Published: March 2019

ZnO films with Ti atoms incorporated (TZO) in a wide range (0–18 at.%) have been grown by reactive co-sputtering on silicon and glass substrates. The influence of the titanium incorporation in the ZnO matrix on the structural and optical characteristics of the samples has been determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the samples with low Ti content (<4 at.%) exhibit a wurtzite-like structure, with the Ti4+ ions substitutionally incorporated into the ZnO structure, forming Ti-doped ZnO films. In particular, a very low concentration of Ti (<0.9 at.%) leads to a significant increase of the crystallinity of the TZO samples. Higher Ti contents give rise to a progressive amorphization of the wurtzite-like structure, so samples with high Ti content (≥18 at.%) display an amorphous structure, indicating in the XPS analysis, a predominance of Ti–O–Zn mixed oxides. The energy gap obtained from absorption spectrophotometry increases from 3.2 eV for pure ZnO films to 3.6 eV for those with the highest Ti content. Ti incorporation in the ZnO samples <0.9 at.% raises both the blue (380 nm) and green (approx. 550 nm) bands of the photoluminescence (PL) emission, thereby indicating a significant improvement of the PL efficiency of the samples.
An Efficient Multicore Algorithm for Minimal Length Addition Chains
Authors: Bahig Hazem , Kotb Yasser
Published: March 2019

A minimal length addition chain for a positive integer m is a finite sequence of positive integers such that (1) the first and last elements in the sequence are 1 and m, respectively, (2) any element greater than 1 in the sequence is the addition of two earlier elements (not necessarily distinct), and (3) the length of the sequence is minimal. Generating the minimal length addition chain for m is challenging due to the running time, which increases with the size of m and particularly with the number of 1s in the binary representation of m. In this paper, we introduce a new parallel algorithm to find the minimal length addition chain for m. The experimental studies on multicore systems show that the running time of the proposed algorithm is faster than the sequential algorithm. Moreover, the maximum speedup obtained by the proposed algorithm is 2.5 times the best known sequential algorithm.
The Potential of EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB for Radiation Based Techniques
Authors: Balerna Antonella , Bartocci Samanta , Batignani Giovanni , Cianchi Alessandro , Chiadroni Enrica , Coreno Marcello , Cricenti Antonio , Dabagov Sultan , Di Cicco Andrea , Faiferri Massimo , Ferrante Carino , Ferrario Massimo , Fumero Giuseppe , Giannessi Luca , Gunnella Roberto , Leani Juan José , Lupi Stefano , Macis Salvatore , Manca Rosa , Marcelli Augusto , Masciovecchio Claudio , Minicucci Marco , Morante Silvia , Perfetto Enrico , Petrarca Massimo , Pusceddu Fabrizio , Rezvani Javad , Robledo José Ignacio , Rossi Giancarlo , Sánchez Héctor Jorge , Scopigno Tullio , Stefanucci Gianluca , Stellato Francesco , Trapananti Angela , Villa Fabio
Published: March 2019

A proposal for building a Free Electron Laser, EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB, at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, is at present under consideration. This FEL facility will provide a unique combination of a high brightness GeV-range electron beam generated in a X-band RF linac, a 0.5 PW-class laser system and the first FEL source driven by a plasma accelerator. The FEL will produce ultra-bright pulses, with up to 10 12 photons/pulse, femtosecond timescale and wavelength down to 3 nm, which lies in the so called “water window”. The experimental activity will be focused on the realization of a plasma driven short wavelength FEL able to provide high-quality photons for a user beamline. In this paper, we describe the main classes of experiments that will be performed at the facility, including coherent diffraction imaging, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering and photofragmentation measurements. These techniques will allow studying a variety of samples, both biological and inorganic, providing information about their structure and dynamical behavior. In this context, the possibility of inducing changes in samples via pump pulses leading to the stimulation of chemical reactions or the generation of coherent excitations would tremendously benefit from pulses in the soft X-ray region. High power synchronized optical lasers and a TeraHertz radiation source will indeed be made available for THz and pump–probe experiments and a split-and-delay station will allow performing XUV-XUV pump–probe experiments.
Roles of ERCP in the Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hanada Keiji , Minami Tomoyuki , Shimizu Akinori , Fukuhara Motomitsu , Yano Shigeki , Sasaki Kenji , Koda Masanori , Sugiyama Kayo , Yonehara Shuji , Yanagisawa Akio
Published: March 2019

It has been reported that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is of value in evaluating precise pancreatograms of the pancreatic duct (PD). Recently, institutions have tended to perform magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for the diagnosis of PD due to post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). In small pancreatic cancer (PC), including PC in situ (PCIS) which is undetectable on cross sectional images, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and MRCP serve important roles in detecting local irregular stenosis of the PD or small cystic lesions. Subsequently, ERCP and associated serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) obtained by endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (ENPD) may be useful in the diagnosis of very early-stage PC. Further prospective multicenter studies are required to establish a standard method of SPACE for the early diagnosis of PC.
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Morphological Changes Following Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Case Report
Authors: Staderini Edoardo , Patini Romeo , Camodeca Andrea , Guglielmi Federica , Gallenzi Patrizia
Published: March 2019

The applications of computer-guided technologies for three-dimensional image analysis provide a unique opportunity to quantify the morphological dimensional changes of the face in a practical and convenient way. Symmetry of the nasolabial area is one of the main factors of facial attractiveness as well as being the main objective of the treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP). Technological advances in computer-guided visualization modes and their applications to three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry provide more practical opportunities and alternatives for facial analysis. Each study, however, uses different protocols for the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images. In addition, each study identifies different anthropometric points and calculates linear and angular measurements with overlapping protocols. Therefore, it is appropriate to define a standardization of the three-dimensional analysis of CLP patients to compare the studies of different research centers. The aim of this report is to propose a protocol to standardize the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images to evaluate the three-dimensional changes in the nasolabial area in cleft lip and palate patients undergoing pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM).
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and Interim Therapeutic Restoration: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Saber Afnan M. , El-Housseiny Azza A. , Alamoudi Najlaa M.
Published: March 2019

This review discusses the techniques and uses of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and interim therapeutic restoration (ITR) and states the differences between these two approaches. ART and ITR are similar approaches and are performed using the same material, but they differ in the purpose of their use. ART is used in cases when there are obstacles to reaching dental care units and has been proven to have high success rates in primary and permanent dentitions. ITR is used as a temporary restoration that will be replaced with a more definitive one. ITR is used in cases when the ideal dental treatment cannot be performed. Conventional glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) restorative cement (GIC) is the material of choice that has been used for ART and ITR. This is because of its fluoride release properties, including its ability to bond to enamel and dentine, its pulpal biocompatibility, and its ease of manipulation. High-viscosity glass ionomer performed better than low and medium-viscosity glass ionomer in ART. Combining GIC with conditioner, as well as the use of a chemo-mechanical approach, improved the success rate of ART. Both ATR and ITR are acceptable strategies, with success rates comparable to the traditional treatment methods.
Multispectral, Aerial Disease Detection for Myrtle Rust (Austropuccinia psidii) on a Lemon Myrtle Plantation
Authors: Heim René H.J. , Wright Ian J. , Scarth Peter , Carnegie Angus J. , Taylor Dominique , Oldeland Jens
Published: March 2019

Disease management in agriculture often assumes that pathogens are spread homogeneously across crops. In practice, pathogens can manifest in patches. Currently, disease detection is predominantly carried out by human assessors, which can be slow and expensive. A remote sensing approach holds promise. Current satellite sensors are not suitable to spatially resolve individual plants or lack temporal resolution to monitor pathogenesis. Here, we used multispectral imaging and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to explore whether myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) could be detected on a lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) plantation. Multispectral aerial imagery was collected from fungicide treated and untreated tree canopies, the fungicide being used to control myrtle rust. Spectral vegetation indices and single spectral bands were used to train a random forest classifier. Treated and untreated trees could be classified with high accuracy (95%). Important predictors for the classifier were the near-infrared (NIR) and red edge (RE) spectral band. Taking some limitations into account, that are discussedherein, our work suggests potential for mapping myrtle rust-related symptoms from aerial multispectral images. Similar studies could focus on pinpointing disease hotspots to adjust management strategies and to feed epidemiological models.
Coherence Depletion in Quantum Algorithms
Authors: Liu Ye-Chao , Shang Jiangwei , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: March 2019

Besides the superior efficiency compared to their classical counterparts, quantum algorithms known so far are basically task-dependent, and scarcely any common features are shared between them. In this work, however, we show that the depletion of quantum coherence turns out to be a common phenomenon in these algorithms. For all the quantum algorithms that we investigated, including Grover’s algorithm, Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm, and Shor’s algorithm, quantum coherence of the system states reduces to the minimum along with the successful execution of the respective processes. Notably, a similar conclusion cannot be drawn using other quantitative measures such as quantum entanglement. Thus, we expect that coherence depletion as a common feature can be useful for devising new quantum algorithms in the future.
Efficient Low-PAR Waveform Design Method for Extended Target Estimation Based on Information Theory in Cognitive Radar
Authors: Hao Tianduo , Cui Chen , Gong Yang
Published: March 2019

This paper addresses the waveform design problem of cognitive radar for extended target estimation in the presence of signal-dependent clutter, subject to a peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) constraint. Owing to this kind of constraint and the convolution operation of the waveform in the time domain, the formulated optimization problem for maximizing the mutual information (MI) between the target and the received signal is a complex non-convex problem. To this end, an efficient waveform design method based on minimization–maximization (MM) technique is proposed. First, by using the MM approach, the original non-convex problem is converted to a convex problem concerning the matrix variable. Then a trick is used for replacing the matrix variable with the vector variable by utilizing the properties of the Toeplitz matrix. Based on this, the optimization problem can be solved efficiently combined with the nearest neighbor method. Finally, an acceleration scheme is used to improve the convergence speed of the proposed method. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is superior to the existing methods in terms of estimation performance when designing the constrained waveform.
Development of a Utility Model for the Measurement of Global Radiation in Photovoltaic Applications in the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: C. Rus-Casas , L. Hontoria , J.I. Fernández-Carrasco , G. Jiménez-Castillo , F. Muñoz-Rodríguez
Published: March 2019

In order to develop future projects in the field of photovoltaic solar energy, it is essential to accurately know the potential solar resources. There are many methods to estimate the incident solar radiation in a certain place. However, most of them are very expensive or do not have the ideal characteristics for good monitoring of a particular photovoltaic installation. For these reasons, an electronic device connected to the internet of things (IoT) is presented in this paper which manages to measure global radiation in photovoltaic applications. The device developed has been patented in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. It presents some features that make it very suitable to measure photovoltaic installations with the advantage of being a low cost and very reliable device. The device has been tested to determine global horizontal irradiance obtaining a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.994.
Recursive Rewarding Modified Adaptive Cell Decomposition (RR-MACD): A Dynamic Path Planning Algorithm for UAVs
Authors: Samaniego Franklin , Sanchis Javier , García-Nieto Sergio , Simarro Raúl
Published: March 2019

A relevant task in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) flight is path planning in 3 D environments. This task must be completed using the least possible computing time. The aim of this article is to combine methodologies to optimise the task in time and offer a complete 3 D trajectory. The flight environment will be considered as a 3 D adaptive discrete mesh, where grids are created with minimal refinement in the search for collision-free spaces. The proposed path planning algorithm for UAV saves computational time and memory resources compared with classical techniques. With the construction of the discrete meshing, a cost response methodology is applied as a discrete deterministic finite automaton (DDFA). A set of optimal partial responses, calculated recursively, indicates the collision-free spaces in the final path for the UAV flight.