bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocomposite Thin Film Coatings for Protection of Materials Surfaces
Authors: Asmatulu R. , Claus R.O. , Mecham J.B. , Corcoran S.G. , Wang Y.X.
Published: April 2017

The present study deals with nanocomposite thin film coating, analysis and application steps for the corroding surfaces. Silica nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy polymers, and then the obtained polymeric nanocomposites were sprayed on the Al coupons by a nozzle sprayer at different thicknesses. A urethane top layer was also coated on some of initially coated surfaces. Several electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were conducted on the prepared samples using 0.5 M NaCl solution. The test results showed that the Al coupons coated by nanocomposites and urethane top coating gave the excellent corrosion resistance against the corrosion attack. As a result, it is assumed that the nanostructured coating system will allow military, private companies and government agencies to effectively protect the materials surfaces against corrosion.
Interpretation of the Phonon Frequency Shifts in ZnO Quantum Dots
Authors: Alim Khan A. , Fonoberov Vladimir A. , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: April 2017

Nanostructures made of zinc oxide (ZnO), a wide-bandgap semiconductor, have recently attracted attention due to their proposed applications in low-voltage and short-wavelength (368 nm) electro-optical devices, transparent ultraviolet (UV) protection films, gas sensors, and varistors. Raman spectroscopy presents a powerful tool for identifying specific materials in complex structures and for extracting useful information on properties of nanoscale objects. At the same time the origin of Raman peak deviation from the bulk values is not always well understood for new material systems. There are three main mechanisms that can induce phonon shifts in the free-standing undoped ZnO nanostructures: (i) phonon confinement by the quantum dot boundaries; (ii) phonon localization on defects and (iii) the laser-induced heating in nanostructure ensembles. Here, we report results of the combined non-resonant and resonant Raman scattering studies of an ensemble of ZnO quantum dots with diameter 20 nm. Based on our experimental data, we have been able to identify the origin of the observed phonon frequency shifts. It has been found that the ultraviolet laser heating of the ensemble induces a large red shift of the phonon frequencies. It is calculated that the observed red shift of 14 cm-1 corresponds to the local temperature of the quantum dot ensemble of about 700°C.
Composition Influence on the Properties of Titanium-Doped Gamma Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Morjan Ion , Alexandrescu Rodica , Dumitrache Florian , Sandu Ion , Scarisoreanu Monica , Albu Lavinia , Soare Iuliana , Voicu Ion , David Bohumil , Schneeweiss Oldrich , Fleaca Claudiu , Popovici Ernest , Ciupina Victor
Published: April 2017

The aim of this work is the structural and sensing characterization of titanium-doped gamma iron oxide nanocomposites. These nanopowder materials were synthesized by the laser pyrolysis technique. It is based on the resonance between the emission of a CW CO2 laser line and the infrared absorption band of a gas (vapour) precursor. Basically, sensitised iron pentacarbonyl and titanium tetrachloride-based mixtures were used as gas-phase reactants. The compositional characterization of the synthesized nanostructures was performed by means of different analytical techniques. Introducing Ti in the Fe2O3 network in small quantities (< 1 %) seems to have little influence on titanium doped powder morphology (mean grain size ∼ 5nm) but increases the sensitivity of titanium doped iron oxide nanopowders with more then 20 % relatively to pure maghemite.
Influence of Growth Parameters and Annealing on Properties of MBE Grown GaAsSbN SQWs
Authors: Wu Liangjin , Iyer Shanthi , Nunna Kalyan , Bharatan Sudhakar , Li Jia , Collis Ward J.
Published: April 2017

In this paper we report the growth of GaAsSbN/GaAs single quantum well (SQW) heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and their properties. A systematic study has been carried out to determine the effect of growth conditions, such as the source shutter opening sequence and substrate temperature, on the structural and optical properties of the layers. The substrate temperatures in the range of 450-470 °C were found to be optimal. Simultaneous opening of the source shutters (SS) resulted in N incorporation almost independent of substrate temperature and Sb incorporation higher at lower substrate temperatures.

The effects of ex-situ annealing in nitrogen ambient and in-situ annealing under As overpressure on the optical properties of the layers have also been investigated. A significant increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity with reduced full width at half maxima (FWHM) in conjunction with a blue shift in the emission energy was observed on annealing the samples. In in-situ annealed samples, the PL line shapes were more symmetric and the temperature dependence of the PL peak energy indicated significant decrease in the exciton localization energy as exhibited by a less pronounced “S-shaped curve”. The “inverted S-shaped curve” observed in the temperature dependence of PL FWHM is also discussed. 1.61 μm emission with FWHM of 25 meV at 20K has been obtained in in-situ annealed GaAsSbN/GaAs SQW grown at 470 °C by SS.
Surface Modification and Neural Tissue Culture of Thin Film Electrode Materials
Authors: Thanawala Sachin , Khan Saida. P. , Palyvoda Olena , Georgiev Daniel. G. , AlHomoudi Ibrahim A. , Newaz Golam , Auner Gregory
Published: April 2017

Good interfaces between electrodes and neural tissue are very important in chronicin vivostimulation/recording. In order to study the effect of electrode materials and surface structure on neural interfaces, we cultured neurons on thin films of electrode materials that are expected to be biocompatible, such as platinum, and iridium oxide.

We used both flat film surfaces and laser micro-structured ones. The laser micro-structuring consisted of creating regular arrays of micro-bumps with height of about 1μm and diameter of 2-3 microns. We have found conditions for fabrication of such micro-bumps on platinum and iridium thin films on borosilicate glass substrate (Pyrex 7740) by mask-projection irradiation with single nano-second pulses from a KrF excimer laser (λ=248nm). Laser micro-structured iridium films were coated with IrO2by pulsed DC reactive sputtering to obtain micro-structured IrO2films. Two types of iridium oxide films were studied: amorphous (reactively sputtered at room substrate temperature) and polycrystalline (reactively sputtered at 300°C).

Cortical neurons isolated from rat embryo brain were cultured onto these thin film surfaces. Cells were more than 98% viable as determined by trypan blue exclusion tests. Poly-D-Lysine coated surfaces were used as positive controls for cell. Regular optical and fluorescent microscopy techniques were used to image the cells after they were cultured. To differentiate between live and dead cells a viability test with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide was carried out. Also, immunocytochemistry analysis of neuron cells was performed using antibody for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) staining. A qualitative and quantitative comparison was carried out between the different types of modified electrode surfaces to study the neuronal growth in order to explore the feasibility of micro-bumps as stimulating/recording neural interfaces. These results are intended for use in optimization of future electrical stimulation/recording experiments that we plan to carry out.
Energetic Neutral Atom Beam Lithography/Epitaxy for Nanoscale Device Fabrication
Authors: Akhadov Elshan A. , Mueller Alexander H. , Hoffbauer Mark A.
Published: April 2017

Energetic neutral atom beam lithography/epitaxy (ENABLE) is a versatile technique recently developed for patterning nanoscale features into polymer substrates. ENABLE achieves the direct activation of surface chemical reactions by exposing substrates to a beam of energetic neutral atoms. Polymers that form volatile oxidation products may be anisotropically etched using a neutral beam of oxygen atoms at rates exceeding 100 nm/min, avoiding problems associated with charged species inherent to other etching techniques. We report on a top-down approach for producing high-aspect-ratio nanoscale structures in polymeric materials using ENABLE. Masking techniques suitable for ENABLE etching are discussed along with applications involving the rapid production of nanoscale features over large areas.
Low Temperature MEMS Manufacturing Processes: Plasma Activated Wafer Bonding
Authors: Dragoi Viorel , Farrens Sharon
Published: April 2017

This paper introduces a new technology: low temperature plasma activated wafer bonding. In this process, the wafers are submitted to a plasma treatment prior to bringing them into contact for bonding. The surface activation allows process temperatures ranging from room temperature to maximum 400°C. For Si direct bonding using plasma activation the Si bulk fracture strength is reached after a thermal annealing of 1 hour at 300°C, much lower than the annealing temperature used for the standard process without plasma activation (∼1100°C). Experimental results illustrating the main benefits of the process are presented. The process was successfully applied also for bonding other materials than silicon.
PENINGKATAN RESPON KEBAL NON-SPESIFIK PADA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias sp.) DENGAN PEMBERIAN IMUNOSTIMULAN ( B -GLUCAN)
Authors: Rukyani Akhmad , Silvia Evi , Sunarto Agus , Taukhid Taukhid
Published: April 2017

Imunostimulan merupakan alternatif untuk penggunaan vaksin dan antibiotik dalamperlindungan terhadap serangan penyakit ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dosis efektif imunostimulan yang dapat meningkatkan respon kebal nonspesifik pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.)
RESISTENSI ISOLAT VIBRIO DARI BEBERAPA PANTI BENIH UDANG WINDU (Penaeus rnonodon) TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK
Authors: Zafran Zafran , Roza Des , Koesharyani Isti
Published: April 2017

Uji konsentrasi hambat terendah Minirnal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 3 jenis antibiotik, Kloramfenikol (CP), Oksitetrasiklin (OTC), dan Furazolidon (FZ) terhadap ? bakteri Vibrio yang diisolasi dari larva sakit yang berasal dari panti benih penelitian di Gondol dan panti benih komersial di Bali dan Jawa Timur, telah dilakukan di laboratorium penyakit loka Penelitian Perikanan Pantai di Gondol.
PENGARUH KEPADATAN PADA PENGANGKUTAN DENGAN SISTEM TERTUTUP TERHADAP DAYA TETAS TELUR BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forsskal)
Authors: Setiadharma Tony , Prijono Agus , Ahmad Taufik
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan terhadap daya tetas telur bandeng setelah mengalami pengangkutan secara tertutup. Metode penelitian yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan.
PEMBESARAN IKAN PATIN (Pangasius pangasius HB) DALAM SANGKAR DI SUNGAI MUSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Asyari Asyari , Arifin Zainal , Utomo Agus Djoko
Published: April 2017

Pembesaran ikan patin dalam sangkar ukuran 2x3x1,5 m3 telah dilakukan di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui umur, pola dan laju pertumbuhan, hubungan panjang bobot, konversi pakan dan sintasan ikan patin selama 1 tahun.
Ambientes e substratos na formação de mudas e produção de frutos de cultivares de tomate cereja
Authors: Costa Edilson , Santo Tiago LE , Silva Arthur P , Silva Luan E , Oliveira2 Letícia C , Benett3 Cleiton GS , Benett4 Katiane SS
Published: April 2017

Avaliaram-se neste trabalho a emergência, desenvolvimento de mudas e produtividade de três cultivares de tomate cereja em diferentes ambientes protegidos e substratos. Foram utilizados uma estufa agrícola e telado de monofilamento de 50% de sombreamento, onde testaram-se os substratos 50% de rama de mandioca (M) + 50% de Vida Verde(r) (V); 50% de rama de mandioca + 50% de esterco bovino (B); 50% de ramas de mandioca + 50% de esterco aviário (A); 25% de rama de mandioca + 25% de Vida Verde(r) + 25% de esterco aviário + 25% de esterco bovino para as cultivares 'Pêra Amarela', 'Pêra Vermelha' e 'Carolina'. As melhores mudas foram produzidas nos substratos M+B e M+V+B+A atingindo índice de qualidade de 0,0069. Os dois ambientes são indicados para a formação de mudas, quando utilizada a mistura de M+V+B+A, com mudas de biomassa seca total de 0,0463 g. A cultivar 'Carolina' apresentou características de crescimento e vigor que podem indicá-la como a melhor cultivar, com a menor relação altura e diâmetro de 2,38. Os substratos que resultaram em melhores mudas também propiciaram maiores quantidades de frutos por planta e produtividade, com frutos de 23,11 g em média e diâmetro de 20,64 mm. O melhor ambiente para produção de frutos foi o telado com os substratos M+B e M+V+B+A. Não se recomenda a utilização dos substratos contendo 50% de esterco aviário ou 50% Vida Verde(r)
Application of extended end composite pile design in pile foundation work
Authors: Kim Seungho , Whang Seoung-Wook , Kim Sangyong , Hyung Won Gil
Published: April 2017

Pre-tensioned, spun, high-strength concrete (PHC) piles are the most commonly used type of pile in South Korea. Approximately 60% of the pile's strength is used in the design bearing capacity, and the rest is simply residing in the ground. Increasing the ground bearing capacity is crucial to reduce waste of the pile strength and to improve efficiency. Extended end (Ext) piles are a new kind of composite pile that can overcome the weakness of PHC piles. This study investigates the behaviour of Ext piles. Through field testing, it is confirmed that the bearing capacity of Ext piles is better than PHC piles by about 35% to 50%. Based on the study findings, the Ext pile design reduces the number of piles by around 38% compared to the PHC pile design through application in a selected construction site. The increased bearing capacity of Ext piles affects both work duration and project cost, which are 25% and 14% decreased, respectively.
Tensile capacity of loop connections grouted with concrete or mortar
Authors: Sørensen Jesper Harrild , Hoang Linh Cao , Olesen John Forbes , Fischer Gregor
Published: April 2017

This paper presents a study of grout failure in symmetric U-bar loop connections loaded in tension, with focus on the performance of two grouting materials – concrete and mortar. The study contains an experimental investigation as well as a rigid-plastic modelling of the tensile capacity. The test specimens consisted of symmetric ‘2-on-2’ loop connections transversely reinforced with a double T-headed rebar. The amount of transverse reinforcement was varied, including the limiting cases of specimens with no transverse reinforcement, as well as connections with sufficient transverse reinforcement to allow yielding of the U-bars. The experimental work showed that connections grouted with concrete performed better than the connections grouted with mortar. In the theoretical models, the difference in tested capacity is explained by the difference in the internal angle of friction and in the softening behaviour of concrete as compared with mortar.
A Dominant Mutation in Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Causes Urinary Tract Malformations via Dysregulation of Retinoic Acid Signaling
Authors: Vivante Asaf , Mann Nina , Yonath Hagith , Weiss Anna-Carina , Getwan Maike , Kaminski Michael M. , Bohnenpoll Tobias , Teyssier Catherine , Chen Jing , Shril Shirlee , van der Ven Amelie T. , Ityel Hadas , Schmidt Johanna Magdalena , Widmeier Eugen , Bauer Stuart B. , Sanna-Cherchi Simone , Gharavi Ali G. , Lu Weining , Magen Daniella , Shukrun Rachel , Lifton Richard P. , Tasic Velibor , Stanescu Horia C. , Cavaillès Vincent , Kleta Robert , Anikster Yair , Dekel Benjamin , Kispert Andreas , Lienkamp Soeren S. , Hildebrandt Friedhelm
Published: April 2017

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause of CKD in the first three decades of life. However, for most patients with CAKUT, the causative mutation remains unknown. We identified a kindred with an autosomal dominant form of CAKUT. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified a heterozygous truncating mutation (c.279delG, p.Trp93fs*) of the nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 gene (NRIP1) in all seven affected members. NRIP1 encodes a nuclear receptor transcriptional cofactor that directly interacts with the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) to modulate retinoic acid transcriptional activity. Unlike wild-type NRIP1, the altered NRIP1 protein did not translocate to the nucleus, did not interact with RARα, and failed to inhibit retinoic acid–dependent transcriptional activity upon expression in HEK293 cells. Notably, we also showed that treatment with retinoic acid enhanced NRIP1 binding to RARα. RNA in situ hybridization confirmed Nrip1 expression in the developing urogenital system of the mouse. In explant cultures of embryonic kidney rudiments, retinoic acid stimulated Nrip1 expression, whereas a pan-RAR antagonist strongly reduced it. Furthermore, mice heterozygous for a null allele of Nrip1 showed a CAKUT-spectrum phenotype. Finally, expression and knockdown experiments in Xenopus laevis confirmed an evolutionarily conserved role for NRIP1 in renal development. These data indicate that dominant NRIP1 mutations can cause CAKUT by interference with retinoic acid transcriptional signaling, shedding light on the well documented association between abnormal vitamin A levels and renal malformations in humans, and suggest a possible gene-environment pathomechanism in this disease.
Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Bartter Syndrome Type 3
Authors: Seys Elsa , Andrini Olga , Keck Mathilde , Mansour-Hendili Lamisse , Courand Pierre-Yves , Simian Christophe , Deschenes Georges , Kwon Theresa , Bertholet-Thomas Aurélia , Bobrie Guillaume , Borde Jean Sébastien , Bourdat-Michel Guylhène , Decramer Stéphane , Cailliez Mathilde , Krug Pauline , Cozette Paul , Delbet Jean Daniel , Dubourg Laurence , Chaveau Dominique , Fila Marc , Jourde-Chiche Noémie , Knebelmann Bertrand , Lavocat Marie-Pierre , Lemoine Sandrine , Djeddi Djamal , Llanas Brigitte , Louillet Ferielle , Merieau Elodie , Mileva Maria , Mota-Vieira Luisa , Mousson Christiane , Nobili François , Novo Robert , Roussey-Kesler Gwenaëlle , Vrillon Isabelle , Walsh Stephen B. , Teulon Jacques , Blanchard Anne , Vargas-Poussou Rosa
Published: April 2017

Bartter syndrome type 3 is a clinically heterogeneous hereditary salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutations of the chloride voltage-gated channel Kb gene (CLCNKB), which encodes the ClC-Kb chloride channel involved in NaCl reabsorption in the renal tubule. To study phenotype/genotype correlations, we performed genetic analyses by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and retrospectively analyzed medical charts for 115 patients with CLCNKB mutations. Functional analyses were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes for eight missense and two nonsense mutations. We detected 60 mutations, including 27 previously unreported mutations. Among patients, 29.5% had a phenotype of ante/neonatal Bartter syndrome (polyhydramnios or diagnosis in the first month of life), 44.5% had classic Bartter syndrome (diagnosis during childhood, hypercalciuria, and/or polyuria), and 26.0% had Gitelman-like syndrome (fortuitous discovery of hypokalemia with hypomagnesemia and/or hypocalciuria in childhood or adulthood). Nine of the ten mutations expressed in vitro decreased or abolished chloride conductance. Severe (large deletions, frameshift, nonsense, and essential splicing) and missense mutations resulting in poor residual conductance were associated with younger age at diagnosis. Electrolyte supplements and indomethacin were used frequently to induce catch-up growth, with few adverse effects. After a median follow-up of 8 (range, 1–41) years in 77 patients, chronic renal failure was detected in 19 patients (25%): one required hemodialysis and four underwent renal transplant. In summary, we report a genotype/phenotype correlation for Bartter syndrome type 3: complete loss-of-function mutations associated with younger age at diagnosis, and CKD was observed in all phenotypes.
A replacement family-group name among fossil Neuroptera (Insecta)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Nel André
Published: April 2017

The nomenclature of the enigmatic fossil family Rafaelidae is summarized and its status as a nomen invalidum requiring replacement is recognized, due to homonymy of its type genus, Rafaelia Nel et al. (nec Rafaelia Townsend).  The replacement family-group name is made available as Rafaelianidae Engel & Nel, new name, based on the type genus Rafaeliana Nel et al., which is itself a former replacement for the junior Rafaelia.
THE REBEL ALLIANCE STRIKES BACK: UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICS OF BACKLASH MOBILIZATION*
Authors: Sullivan Christopher Michael , Davenport Christian
Published: April 2017

How does repression influence backlash (i.e., challenges against political authorities that follow acts of government coercion)? This study argues that to adequately study backlash, it is necessary to analytically open up a social movement and examine why specific individuals in the same movement organization increase their participation following repression while other members drop out. The study uses original panel data on organizational behavior and individual participation in a black-nationalist insurgency group called the Republic of New Africa. Results show that the effects of repression are more complex than previously imagined. At the organizational level, repression leads to backlash challenges. At the individual level, however, repression has mixed effects. Challengers who personally experience repression become more likely to participate in post-repression challenging activities. At the same time, those within the organization who did not directly experience repression withdraw.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Associated with Levothyroxine Over-replacement
Authors: Balsa Ana Margarida ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital Centre of Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal, Ferreira Ana Raquel ,   Department of Cardiology, Hospital Centre of Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal, Alves Márcia ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital Centre of Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal, Guimarães Joana ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Hospital Centre of Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
Published: April 2017

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is characterised by acute, transient left ventricular apical ballooning precipitated by emotional or physiologically stressful stimuli and has been previously associated with Grave’s disease based on a few clinical reports. More recently, the association with exogenous thyrotoxicosis and radioiodine-induced thyroiditis has also been described. Iatrogenic hyperthyroidism on patients on levothyroxine replacement therapy for hypothyroidism has not been reported as a cause of TC. The authors describe two female patients with TC associated with levothyroxine over-replacement. A 74-year-old and a 48-year-old female patient, medicated with levothyroxine (respectively, 2.27 μg/kg and 1.85 μg/kg) for autoimmune thyroiditis were admitted to our emergency room with precordial pain. The first had an electrocardiogram with ST-segment elevation in the anterior precordial leads, and the latter had sinus tachycardia with deep T-wave inversion and QT interval prolongation. Further investigation revealed a mild elevation of cardiac biomarker levels and severe apical hypokinesis, but no significant coronary lesions on catheterisation. The suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were verified in the cardiac intensive care unit: 0.21 and 0.07 mIU/l (0.35–5.50) respectively. Both patients showed improvement of the apical hypokinesis on the discharge echocardiogram and normalisation of cardiac biomarker levels. Levothyroxine dose was reduced. This case report focuses on the cardiovascular risks of thyrotoxicosis, emphasises the importance of correct dose adjustment on patients under levothyroxine replacement therapy and stresses that TSH should be determined in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and typical findings of TC.
A clinical study to determine metformin as a cause of serum vitamin B12 decrease and effect of combination of metformin and mecobalamin on serum vitamin B12 levels in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Kiran Mayuresh D. , Naik Bhagyashree N.
Published: April 2017

Background: Several evidences show metformin decreases vitamin B12. Diabetics are also at the risk of developing neuropathy which is treated with vitamin B12. metformin being initial therapy for diabetic patients, it becomes all the more important to know the extent of this decrease. The study was designed with the objective to compare the levels of vitamin B12 in patients on metformin vis-à-vis on antidiabetic drugs other than metformin and to evaluate the increase in vitamin B12 levels after prescribing a combination of metformin and mecobalamin, in T2DM patients.Methods: Of 500 enrolled, 321 patients completed the study for duration of 6 months, divided in two periods of 3 months each. At the end first period of 3 months the vitamin B12 levels were compared form Metformin vs. that of other antidiabetics. In second period of 3 months a combination of metformin and mecobalamin was given instead of plain metformin and vitamin B12 levels were repeated at the end of this period.Results: There was reduction in vitamin B12 levels with metformin with levels of 272.5pg/ml compared to 714.6pg/ml with other antidiabetics at the end of first period. The levels increased from 272.5pg/ml to 615.9 pg/ml at the end of second period after receiving the combination of metformin and mecobalamin.Conclusions: T2DM patients being treated with metformin had a greater risk of reduction in vitamin B12 levels and addition of vitamin B12 in the form of mecobalamin would decrease the reduction in vitamin B12 levels associated with Metformin therapy.
Cost variation analysis of antihypertensive drugs acting through renin angiotensin aldosterone axis modulation
Authors: Nair Manju K. , S. Neha M.
Published: April 2017

Background: Several brands of antihypertensive drugs are available in the Indian market with huge price variations. This study was undertaken to find out the percentage cost variation and cost ratio of antihypertensive drugs acting through renin angiotensin aldosterone axis modulation.Methods: Costs of different brands of renin angiotensin aldosterone axis modulatory drugs with antihypertensive action for the same dosage form and strength were found out using current index of medical specialties-134, July-October 2016. The maximum and minimum price of different brands of each drug was noted. Data was entered in Microsoft excel 2010. Percentage cost variation and cost ratio was calculated for each drug.Results: 16 antihypertensive drugs were analysed. Most of them were tablets. Ramipril and Valsartan were available as capsules also. Among tablets, percentage cost variation was highest for Atenolol 12.5 mg (683.93%) and least for Bisoprolol 2.5 mg (3.6538%). Valsartan capsules (160 mg) had no difference in the costs between the available 2 brands. Cost ratio ranged from 1.04 to 7.84 among the tablet form of drugs.Conclusions: There is a huge difference in the cost of antihypertensive drugs manufactured by different companies in the same strength and dosage form. To promote rational drug use and cost effective therapy, it is essential to create an awareness among clinicians regarding the availability of multiple brands for these drugs and the discrepancies in their costs.
Toxicity profile of thal-dex regime in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: R. Dawnji S. , R. Reeja , M. R. Rakesh Praveen Raj
Published: April 2017

Background: To study the spectrum, incidence and severity of toxicity among Multiple Myeloma patients receiving Thal-Dex in South Indian population.Methods: Between November 2005 and November 2005, 25 adult patients with previously- untreated Multiple Myeloma were assigned to receive Thal-Dex at Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum. During chemotherapy, patients were followed-up to detect the development of any toxicity symptoms. The toxicities recorded, were graded according to the criteria of the World Health Organization toxicity-guidelines.Results: In the 25 patients who received Thal-Dex, peripheral neuropathy, infection and constipation were significantly seen, while gastrointestinal toxicities were seen to a lesser extent, and haematological toxicities were low.Conclusions: The Thal-Dex regimen was tolerated well by majority of the patients and showed favourable toxicity profile, reiterating its acceptability as a front line antimyeloma regimen
A study of antenatal anxiety: comparison across trimesters
Authors: Priyambada Krishna , Pattojoshi Amrit , Bakhla Ajay K.
Published: April 2017

Background: The aim of present study was to investigate the antenatal anxiety across all three trimesters of pregnancy.Methods: This is a cross sectional, observational study for which data is collected from consenting subjects attending antenatal Out Patients department for routine antenatal checkup. Data included socio demographic information’s and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and statistical analysis done.Results: Out of 169 Pregnant females 27.8% were during first trimester, 40.8% during second trimester and 31.4% during 3rd trimester. The mean anxiety scores for first, second and third trimester was 10.74±2.97, 11.69±3.09 and 14.20±3.10 respectively. Independent t test revealed significantly higher anxiety scores for third trimester when compared to first trimester scores (t= -6.035, p value = 0.000).Conclusions: This study finds a significantly higher antenatal anxiety during third trimester of pregnancy.
The rate and indications of caesarean section in a tertiary care hospital at Jaipur, India
Authors: Gupta Meeta , Garg Vineeta
Published: April 2017

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most widely performed surgical procedures in obstetrics worldwide. It was mainly evolved as a lifesaving procedure for mother and foetus during the difficult delivery. To analyze the rate and indications for C-Section and associated maternal morbidity and mortality were the main objectives of present study.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of one year from 1st Jan 2016 to 31st Dec 2016 at the Department of OBG, RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur (Rajasthan), North India. Data of patients who delivered by C-Section in our hospital during the defined study period was recorded and a statistical analysis of various parameters namely, the caesarean section rates, its indications, the patient’s morbidity and mortality was done.Results: The total numbers of women delivered over the study period were 2959, out of which C-Sections were 931. The overall CS rate was 31.46%. Previous LSCS was the leading indication to the CS rate (36.52%) followed by arrest of labour (13.65%), CPD (12.03%), foetal distress (11.82%), breech presentation (7.52%), oligohydroamnios/IUGR (5.16%) and failed induction of labour (3.54%). 11.60% patients had various complications mainly infection (5.58%) and haemorrhage (3.98%). There was no mortality during this period.Conclusions: Being a tertiary care hospital, a high rate of Caesarean deliveries was observed. Individualization of the indication and careful evaluation, following standardized guidelines, practice of evidenced-based obstetrics and audits in the institution, can help us limit CSR.
Role of oral micronized progesterone versus vaginal progesterone for prevention of preterm labour
Authors: Natu Neeta , Sonker Shikha , Chandwaskar Nootan , Agrawal Sweta
Published: April 2017

Background: Preterm birth remains a significant problem in obstetric care, affecting women and babies world-wide. Progesterone has an essential role in maintaining pregnancy by suppression of the calcium–calmodulin–myosin light chain kinase system. This study reflects the use of progesterone in preventing preterm birth.Methods: The data were collected as a retrospective study from SAMC and PGI Obstetric and Gynaecology Department.Results: With the use of Oral micronized progesterone out of 15 cases, term delivery 9 cases i.e. 60% and preterm delivery 6 cases i.e 40% and, with the use of vaginal progesterone suppository out of 15 cases, term delivery 11 cases i.e.73.3%, preterm delivery only 4 cases i.e 26.7%.Conclusions: Progesterone appears to be safe and efficacious in reducing the risk of preterm birth as well as NICU admissions, and neonatal morbidity and mortality in high risk patients. However, there is limited information available relating to longer-term infant and childhood outcomes, the assessment of which remains a priority. Further, trials are required to assess the optimal timing, mode of administration and dose of administration of progesterone therapy when given to women considered to be at increased risk of early birth.
Decentralising drug-resistant tuberculosis centre services by offering virtual consultancy- a Kozhikode model
Authors: George Sunny , T. P. Rajagopal , P. C. Annamma , P. T. James , Chetambath Ravindran
Published: April 2017

Background: Programmatic management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) recommends one week and one month hospitalisation for pre-treatment evaluation and initiation of second line medications to MDR and XDR patients respectively. Our experience in dealing with these patients prompted us to resort to decentralising DOTs plus services by offering a virtual consultancy to those cases which did not actually require hospitalisation. Aim of the study was to analyze the feasibility of decentralisation strategy adopted in DOTs plus patients to recommend it as a nationwide strategy.Methods: The study was an observational analysis conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in 373 MDR-TB patients enrolled under DOTs Plus programme for CAT-IV regime during the period between February 2009 and April 2013 and analysed the strategy of decentralization using the internet and expertise of Medical officers at the periphery.Results: The percentage utilisation of virtual consultancy was 83.7% which emphasises the fact that this is a feasible operational modification. Adverse events reported to this DRTB centre were 29.2% in the pre-proposed model period which is comparable to the model group (30.2%).Conclusions: This study shows that in a properly functioning DRTB centre decentralising the services to its peripheral centres is a feasible option utilising the virtual consultancy model as proposed.
A study on the effect of adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy in otitis media with effusion in children
Authors: V. Ajayan P. , M. L. Divya Raj , Jacob Anju Mariam
Published: April 2017

Background: The aural symptoms attributed to adenoid hypertrophy are Eustachian tube block (ET) and otitis media with effusion (OME). It is thought that adenoid hypertrophy causes a block in air flow through the ET, thus creating a negative pressure in the middle ear leading to effusion which acts as a focus of infection. The role of hypertrophied tonsils in the aetiology of OME is controversial. Adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy and associated inflammation continue to be a major problem in paediatric age group despite the advances in medicine. Otitis media with effusion is a treatable cause of deafness which may hamper the learning ability of a child. This study was undertaken to study the effect of adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy on established otitis media with effusion in children.Methods: 35 children presenting to the department of ENT, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India over one and a half years with features suggestive of secretory otitis media, tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy who underwent adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy in Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire was prepared which included details on clinical symptoms, relevant investigations and preoperative and postoperative evaluation of hearing after 6 weeks and 3 months. Data collected was analyzed using paired t-test and chi square test to determine the improvement in hearing after 6 weeks and 3 months following surgery.Results: Out of the 35 children included in the study, it was seen that 56% of cases, after 6 weeks showed complete resolution of OME which improved to 67% after 3 months. This was assessed by PTA and tympanometry. 33% showed partial improvement with Type C curve in tympanometry and improvement in PTA values.Conclusions: All cases of OME associated with adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy responded to our treatment with 67% showing complete cure of the condition. It can be assumed that, in the 33% partial responders there may be other factors like allergy, anatomical deformities, immunological which prevented the complete resolution of symptoms in OME.
Current perspectives of enteric fever: a hospital based study of 185 culture positive cases from Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Jeeyani Hetal N. , Mod Harsh K. , Tolani Jayshree N.
Published: April 2017

Background: Enteric fever is endemic in Ahmedabad and its diagnosis and treatment is fraught with problems. The last two decades have seen a change in clinical pattern of enteric fever with emergence of multi drug resistant strains. Hence, the study was carried out with the aims to study the clinical profile, hematological features, sensitivity pattern, response to antimicrobials and outcome of culture proven enteric fever.Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital at Ahmedabad, India from January 2014 to December 2016.Results: Out of the 185 study patients, 35.8 % were less than 5 years of age. Of the total 185 isolates, 160 (86.4%) were Salmonella typhi while 25 (13.6%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. Following sensitivity patterns were recorded: cotrimoxazole (93%), chloramphenicol (93%), ampicillin (96.2%), nalidixic acid (98.4%), cephalosporins (100%) and azithromycin (70.8%). Leukocytosis was seen in significant number of patients less than 5 years of age as compared to more than 5 years. 91.9% patients were treated by ceftriaxone as a monotherapy with defervescence time of 3.8 days and no mortality.Conclusions: Effective vaccination strategy targeting children less than 5 years can decrease the burden of this disease. Presence of fever without focus and leukocytosis in less than 5 years suggests possibility of enteric fever. Salmonella have once again become sensitive to first line antibiotics like ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol. There is a good rate of sensitivity to nalidixic acid but high rate of resistance against azithromycin in this part of the country. Ceftriaxone as a monotherapy is quite effective in the treatment.
Positive predictive value of pulse oximetry in the screening of critical congenital heart defects in term neonates
Authors: Shenoy Krithika Damodar , Rao Suchetha S.
Published: April 2017

Background: Critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) are associated with poor patient outcome due to delay in diagnosis. Clinical examination alone has low positive predictive value (PPV). Pulse oximetry examination is suggested as supplemental screening tool. Aim of this study was to screen term neonates for CCHD by clinical and pulse oximetry evaluations and estimate their PPV separately and combined.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 278 term neonates weighing ≥2500g excluding those with antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects and/or requiring intensive care. Sample size calculated using EpiInfo version 7 taking 20,000 as population size, 7% expected frequency, 5% confidence limits and 99.9% confidence level. Ethical clearance and informed consent obtained. Clinical examination was performed within 24 hours of life followed by pre-ductal and post-ductal oxygen saturation (SpO2) recording, using standardized hand-held probe, between 24-48 hours. Neonates categorized as screen positive or negative based on an adapted algorithm. Screen positives were confirmed by echocardiography. SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Mean age at clinical examination was 7.72 ± 0.32 hours during which none screened positive. Mean age at SpO2 screening was 31.93 ± 0.32 hours and a single non-syndromic, acyanotic male newborn, weighing 2550g screened positive. He was found to have severe pulmonary outflow obstruction, with ductus-dependent flow on echocardiography. PPV for pulse oximetry screening alone was 100%.Conclusions:Ductus dependent lesions missed on clinical examination may be picked up by pulse oximetry screening. Echocardiography may be used selectively to confirm diagnosis on screen positive.
Cranial ultrasound in detection of neurological lesions in preterm neonates in a tertiary center in North Kerala, India
Authors: M. K. Kavya , K. V. Radhamani , P. Mahesh
Published: April 2017

Background: Incomplete formation and maturation of the central nervous system makes it extremely vulnerable to injury, in the case of premature neonates. This can result in a broad range of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cranial ultrasound is a sensitive tool for the early detection of these. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of neurosonological abnormality in preterm infants. The aims of the study were to identify and enumerate the neurosonographic features, to assess the severity of brain injuries by grading the neurosonographic findings and to correlate the clinical presentations with the neurosonographic findings.Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Pariyaram Medical College. It consisted of all preterm neonates (less than 37 weeks of gestational age) referred to the Radiology department. The initial scan will be done as soon as possible (within 2 weeks of birth) followed by a repeat scan of the same infants at 36 weeks of corrected age, and at 8weeks post-partum.Results: A total of 100 neonates with gestational age varying from 29 to 37 weeks were studied, with the birth weight varying from 1.5 to 1.9 kg. The most common abnormality found on neurosonogram was germinal-matrix haemorrhage, followed by periventricular leukomalacia.Conclusions: Real time sonography is a sensitive non-invasive initial investigation for the detection of various brain lesions in the preterm neonates.
A Review on Important Factors Affecting Dry Sliding Friction
Authors: Devaraju A.
Published: April 2017

Friction is the resistance faced by one body when it slides or rolls over another body. The friction is not a property of material. It is a response observed during sliding or moving. The maximum friction is required in some applications such as automobile tires on the road, machining the materials, brakes, clutches etc., Alternatively, the friction should be low in some applications like bearings, sliding parts of machineries etc., Most of material failure is occurred due to improper observation of friction and wear behaviors. Hence, understanding of the frictional behaviors of various metal pairs is essential to design any engineering tools and equipment. Therefore, in this paper, the important factors affecting the sliding friction are described in detail.
Planetary citizenship and the ecology of knowledges in Brazilian universities
Authors: Moraes Silvia Elisabeth , de Almeida Freire Ludmila
Published: April 2017

This article discusses the formation of a 'planetary citizenship' based on the 'ecology of knowledges' perspective in Brazilian universities. It is informed by the authors' experiences and the partial results from a research project entitled 'Planetary citizenship and the ecology of
knowledges: Interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity and internationalization in the university curriculum', a followup project to a previous study conducted with trainee teachers at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) between 2008 and 2012. Planetary citizenship is conceived here
as a floating signifier to be articulated in concrete projects proposed by different groups that work inter- and transdiciplinarily. It is motivated by the major civilizational and humanitarian crisis in which we find ourselves. The ecology of knowledges, premised upon the epistemological
diversity of the world, is a dialogue between official/Western knowledge and those other knowledges that have long been excluded from the scenario. It stands within a paradigm shift, a process whereby a new way of perceiving the world comes into existence. We argue that the university is an
ideal context for the development of projects that have planetary citizenship as their transdisciplinary theme and the ecology of knowledges as their basic perspective. We illustrate this with examples of this epistemic and pedagogical experimentation, inside and outside the university, that
aim to educate planetary citizens.
Editorial - Evidência 2016 -2
Authors: Gelinski Jane Lafayette Neves
Published: April 2017

Neste último número da Evidência de 2016 as pesquisas abordam desenvolvimento e competitividade relacionados à saúde e aos alimentos. A pesquisa Elaboração de granola com adição de polpa e castanha de Bacuri para consumo com iogurte apresenta o bacuri como um fruto de polpa e sementes comestíveiscom elevado valor nutricional. Trata-se de um fruto muito usado no Cerrado sul-mato-grossense em razão da atividade antioxidante dos compostos fenólicos e dos carotenoides, sendo, assim, uma alternativa atrativa de diversificação de produto com valor agregado.A contribuição da pesquisa Caracterização bioquímica de isolados bacterianos de solo de cultivo de videira (Vitis sp.) destaca a viticultura, uma das mais importantes atividades para a sustentabilidade da pequena propriedade, particularmente no Sul do Brasil. A partir disso, na perspectiva da análise bioprospectiva, avaliou-se o potencial de bactérias isoladas para fins de estudos que envolvam o desenvolvimento de plantas de interesse econômico.Na linha de micro-organismos de importância para a saúde humana, destaca-se a pesquisa Adesão e formação de biofilme de Escherichia coli em poli(tereftalato de etileno) e resistência a sanificantes. No estudo, partiu-se de um fator preocupante para as indústrias: a higienização dos galões retornáveis de água mineral. Na pesquisa, avaliou-se a formação de biofilmes em superfícies hidrofóbicas em face da capacidade de adesão de E.coli a superfícies de poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET).Por fim, no artigo Estudo das condições microbiológicas e teores de nitrito em salames produzidos no Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe – Santa Catarina, Brasil avalia-se a qualidade do salame, produto cárneo muito consumido no Meio-Oeste de Santa Catarina em razão de que a região é um polo da produção de suínos e possui grandes frigoríficos instalados. Além disso, a região é detentora de pequenas indústrias beneficiadoras que precisam agregar valor aos produtos e, principalmente, garantir qualidade e segurança ao consumidor.Em 2016 buscamos publicar artigos de interesse geral, mas que também priorizassem o desenvolvimento regional.A todos os avaliadores (referees), agradecemos o trabalho realizado neste ano, e esperamos ampliar em 2017 a publicação de artigos sempre com caráter interdisciplinar em Ciência e Biotecnologia.
In Dogs with Periodontal Disease Is Feeding a Complete Raw Meat Diet More Effective Than a Complete Kibble 'Dental' Diet at Reducing Periodontal Disease?
Authors: Van Veggel Nieky , Armstrong Matthew
Published: April 2017

In light of the absence of evidence, vets and vet nurses should be cautious when recommending raw diets to support periodontal health and advise clients accordingly by relying on their clinical experience rather than the literature until more evidence is generated.

  