bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, Mechanisms of Action and Reflections of the Educational Metaverse
Authors: Zhao Yue
Published: April 2023

The concept of the metaverse has gradually become a hot topic. With the continuous development of science and technology, people are trying to explore the development trend and possible application of the metaverse in the future world. With the continuous development of science and technology, people are trying to explore the development trend and possible application of the metaverse in the future world. The article gives a detailed explanation of the characteristics of the education metaverse and the mechanism of action of the education metaverse, which is considered to be one of the main application scenarios of the Metaverse. The article gives a detailed explanation of the characteristics of the education metaverse and the mechanism of action of the education metaverse, and reflects on the new teaching form of the education metaverse. From the perspective of critical reflection, it emphasizes adherence to reality-oriented, and people-oriented, and explores the two-way promotion of education and the metaverse.
19. Yüzyıl Osmanlısında Ticaret Hukukundaki Değişimin İktisadi İlişkilere Yansıması: Ceride-i Mehâkim’deki Mahkeme Kayıtları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ALKAN Halime
Published: April 2023

19. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihinde her alanda köklü değişim ve dönüşümlerin yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde “nizam” kökünden türeyen Tanzimat’ın anlamına uygun şekilde hayata geçirilen pek çok kanuni düzenlemeden biri, Ticaret Hukuku sahasında Fransız Ticaret Kanunu’ndan tercüme edilen 1850 tarihli Ticaret Kanunnamesi olmuştur. Ardından yaklaşık 20 yıl sonra bu defa Medeni Hukuk ve Borçlar Hukuku alanlarında İslam hukukunun kodifikasyonuyla Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye ilan edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak benzer ilişki türlerini düzenleyen söz konusu yeni kanunları uygulamak üzere adli teşkilatta da değişikliklere gidilmiş ve mevcut yargı kuruluşlarının yanına ticaret ve nizamiye mahkemeleri gibi yeni mahkemeler teşkil edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda ilk olarak dönemin ticari ilişkilerini düzenleyen kanunlaştırma faaliyetleri ve adli teşkilatlanma hakkında kurumsal iktisat nosyonu gözetilerek kısaca bilgi verilmiştir. Daha sonra Ceride-i Mehâkim’de yer alan mahkeme kayıtları vasıtasıyla söz konusu hukuki ve adli değişimin iktisadi ve ticari ilişkilere etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çerçevede mahkeme kayıtlarından elde edilen bilgilerin tasnifi ile hangi tür iktisadi ilişkilerin (ticari ve finansal) kimler arasında gerçekleştirildiği, bu kimselerin çeşitli kimlikleri (dini, mesleki, bölgesel gibi) bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca ulaşılan ticari ilişki ağları sayesinde iktisadi ilişkilerde cemaatçi toplum yapısının varlığı ve hangi toplumsal kimlikte kendisini gösterdiği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
ABCFM Misyoneri William Maccallum’ın “What do You Know About Constantinople?” Adlı Eseri Bağlamında 20. Yüzyıl Başlarında Osmanlı’da Misyonerlik Çalışmaları
Authors: ÇAVDAR Necati , BUDAK Burhan
Published: April 2023

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde, yurt dışına dinî ve yardım amaçlı görevliler yollamak üzere 1810 yılında faaliyete geçen Protestan bir kuruluş olan ABCFM çalışmalarının 1830’lu yılların başından itibaren Osmanlı coğrafyasında yoğunluk kazanmaya başladığı bilinmektedir. Misyonerliğin prensipleri içerisindeki yaygın ideal, şüphesiz ki İncil’in geniş kitleler tarafından okunmasını sağlamak idi. İncil’in ve misyonerlik propagandasına dair diğer eserlerin basım-yayın faaliyetlerinin Osmanlı coğrafyasında çeşitlilik ve hız kazanması, İstanbul Merkez İstasyonu’nda Amerikan İncil Şirketi bünyesinde kurulan Amerikan Hanı’nın, nam-ı diğer İncil Evi’nin (Bible House) 1872 yılında faaliyete geçmesi ile mümkün olmuştur. ABCFM, bu merkezde yapılacak olan çeviri çalışmaları, kitap, broşür ve benzeri basım ve yayın faaliyetlerini yürütmek üzere sorumlular görevlendirmiştir.

Bu çalışma, ABCFM’nin, Bible House (İncil Evi) adı verilen İstanbul’daki organizasyonunun basım-yayın faaliyetlerini konu edinmiştir. İstanbul’daki İncil Evi’nin (Bible House) basım-yayın faaliyetlerinin uzun süre başında bulunmuş olan William MacCallum’un, İstanbul Hakkında Ne Biliyorsunuz? adlı eserindeki veri ve görüşler, Osmanlı Arşivi belgeleri, ABCFM Arşivi belgeleri ve alanın tetkik eserleri ile harmanlanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, American Board teşkilatının 20. asrın başlarında İstanbul’da gelmiş olduğu nokta tespit edilerek 1912 yılı itibarıyla İstanbul’da faaliyette bulunan misyonerlerin bir listesine ve görev bölgelerine yer verilmiştir. Bu yönüyle çalışmamızın genel olarak Osmanlı’da Amerikan misyonerlik faaliyetleri konusunda yapılan çalışmalara, özel olarak da ABCFM’nin Bible House vasıtasıyla Osmanlı’da yürüttüğü basım-yayın faaliyetleri konusunda literatüre katkı sağlayacağı kanaatindeyiz.
Risk Factors for Stiffness Requiring Intervention After Ream-and-Run Arthroplasty
Authors: Schiffman Corey J. , Jurgensmeier Kevin , Yao Jie J. , Wu John C. , Whitson Anastasia J. , Jackins Sarah E. , Matsen Frederick A. , Hsu Jason E.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Ream-and-run arthroplasty can improve pain and function in patients with glenohumeral arthritis while avoiding the complications and activity restrictions associated with a prosthetic glenoid component. However, stiffness is a known complication after ream-and-run arthroplasty and can lead to repeat procedures such as a manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) or open surgical revision. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors associated with repeat procedures indicated for postoperative stiffness after ream-and-run arthroplasty.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of our shoulder arthroplasty database to identify patients who underwent ream-and-run arthroplasty and determined which patients underwent subsequent repeat procedures (MUA and/or open revision) indicated for postoperative stiffness. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. We collected baseline demographic information and preoperative and 2-year patient-reported outcome scores and analyzed preoperative radiographs. Univariate and multivariate analyses determined the factors significantly associated with repeat procedures to treat postoperative stiffness.

Results:

There were 340 patients who underwent ream-and-run arthroplasty. The mean Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores for all patients improved from 5.0 ± 2.4 preoperatively to 10.2 ± 2.6 postoperatively (p < 0.001). Twenty-six patients (7.6%) underwent open revision for stiffness. An additional 35 patients (10.3%) underwent MUA. Univariate analysis found younger age (p = 0.001), female sex (p = 0.034), lower American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class (p = 0.045), posterior decentering on preoperative radiographs (p = 0.010), and less passive forward elevation at the time of discharge after ream-and-run arthroplasty (p < 0.001) to be significant risk factors for repeat procedures. Multivariate analysis found younger age (p = 0.040), ASA class 1 compared with class 3 (p = 0.020), and less passive forward elevation at discharge (p < 0.001) to be independent risk factors for repeat procedures. Of the patients who underwent open revision for stiffness, 69.2% had multiple positive cultures for Cutibacterium.

Conclusions:

Younger age, ASA class 1 compared with class 3, and less passive forward elevation in the immediate postoperative period were independent risk factors for repeat procedures to treat postoperative stiffness after ream-and-run arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exploring the Link between Trust and Perceived Benefits in Online Purchasing during COVID-19
Authors: Tegowati Tegowati
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the impact of perceived benefits on online consumer purchasing decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya, Indonesia. The study examines the role of social media as a tool for marketers to support product sales during the pandemic, which aligns with government regulations to limit community activities that cause crowds. The study uses trust as an intervention variable to analyze the direct and indirect impacts of perceived benefits on purchasing decisions. The research is conducted using a purposive sampling method, and data from 100 online consumers in Surabaya is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that perceived benefits have a direct and significant impact on trust, perceived benefits have a direct and significant impact on purchasing decisions, trust directly influences purchasing decisions, and perceived benefits have a significant direct impact on consumer online purchasing decisions with trust acting as an intervening variable. The study provides valuable insights for marketers in utilizing social media to support product sales during a pandemic and highlights the importance of trust in online purchasing decisions.
Pressure Transient Analysis for Water Injection Wells with Waterflooding-Induced Nonsimultaneously Closed Multistorage Fractures: Semianalytical Model and Case Study
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Ning Zhengfu , Guo Wenting , Lu Weinan , Lyu Fangtao , Liu Gen
Published: April 2023

Waterflooding will induce the opening and extension of fractures, which will create some water flow channels. Due to fracture multiclosures, the obtained fracture half-length from conventional finite-conductivity models is less than the actual value, leading to water flow channels that have been formed but not detected by engineers. According to a large number of waterflooding-front matching schematics and interwell connection coefficient analyses, we find that waterflooding usually connects natural fractures to form bi-induced fractures, which will close nonsimultaneously during the falloff test. In this paper, we develop a waterflooding-induced nonsimultaneously closed multistorage fracture model (WNMF) to describe waterflooding-induced fracture characteristics accurately. The bi-induced fractures are separated into multiple segments to calculate their pressure response. The closed induced-fracture conductivities are constant, and the opened induced-fracture conductivities follow the exponential equation measured by the experiments. Induced-fracture interference and multistorage effects are considered. Finally, the Duhamel principle is used to characterize the storage effects of bi-induced fractures and the wellbore. Results show that the type curve of the WNMF model has bi-peaks on the pressure derivative curve, which was regarded as error data in the past. Closed induced-fracture half-length is identified quantitatively. We can obtain an induced-fracture angle by matching the interference flow (an innovative flow regime in this paper), which can guide engineers to prevent and monitor water breakthrough in time. Using the obtained parameters (induced-fracture angle and closed induced-fracture half-length) can guide well pattern encryption and reasonable well location determination. If the induced-fracture angle is 90°, an additional horizontal line will be shown on the pressure derivative curve. When the horizontal line is misidentified as a quasiradial flow regime, the obtained reservoir permeability will be amplified many times. The multistorage coefficient is obtained to correct the magnified storage coefficient. Equation calculation and model matching methods verify each other to improve closed induced-fracture half-length accuracy. In conclusion, the experiment and mathematical model methods work together to describe the pressure response behavior of water injection wells. The WNMF model is compared with the conventional finite-conductivity model to verify its accuracy. A field case demonstrates its practicality.
Development of Simple live-imaging method for viewing the first cleavage of mammalian embryos by using fluorescent chemical probes for DNA and cytoskeletons
Authors: Okabe Motonari , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Goto Mayumi , Iwasawa Takuya , Sakaguchi Taichi , Fujishima Akiko , Onodera Yohei , Makino Kenichi , Miura Hiroshi , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Takahashi Kazumasa , Terada Yukihiro
Published: April 2023

Dynamic morphological changes in the chromosomes and cytoskeleton occur in mammals including humans, during early embryonic development, and abnormalities such as embryonic chromosomal aneuploidy occur when development does not proceed normally. In previous reports, the behavior of DNA and cytoskeleton in early mammalian embryos has conventionally been visualized and observed by injecting target molecule mRNA, with a fluorescent substance-expressing gene incorporated, into embryos. However, injecting genetic information into a human embryo to induce the production of unnatural proteins must be carefully considered from an ethical perspective. Therefore, we aimed to develop a simple observation method as a way of gaining knowledge about the first division that can avoid such problems. We visualized the chronological behavior of male and female chromosome condensation in mammalian embryos, beginning in the 2PN zygote, through the first division into the two-cell stage by using fluorescent chemical probes for DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments. This method is simple and does not require genetic manipulation, and its application can be observed at any stage during embryonic development, thereby providing novel insights into embryonic development in many mammals. In particular, it is expected to provide a great deal of cell biological information on the first cleavage of human embryos, which have been reported to exhibit a variety of patterns.
A Matlab code of topology optimization by imposing the implicit floating projection constraint
Authors: Huang Xiaodong
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a Matlab code to implement the three-field floating projection topology optimization (FPTO) method using the linear material interpolation scheme. The implicit floating projection constraint in the FPTO method numerically simulates 0/1 constraints of the design variables so that even a linear material interpolation scheme can be employed. By gradually tightening 0/1 constraints, more and more design variables are pushed to 0/1 until an optimized element-based design with a clear topology can be accurately represented by a smooth design. In general, the implicit floating projection constraint provides a numerical engine for topology optimization, which is fundamentally different from the existing topology optimization methods. The Matlab code in this paper describes the numerical implementation of such an implicit constraint and the extraction and evaluation of the smooth design in detail. Apart from the compliance minimization problem, the Matlab code can be equally applied to other extended topology optimization problems. The provided Matlab code enables the users to understand and test this newly-developed topology optimization method for their own topology optimization problems.
Evaluation of water-energy-food-environment-agricultural economic growth nexus integrated approach to achieve sustainable production
Authors: Naghavi Somayeh , Mirzaei Abbas , Sardoei Mohsen Adeli , Azarm Hassan
Published: April 2023

Today, growing the production of the agricultural sector in order to meet the increasing demand of food is happening through excessive consumption of water resources, energy, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the present study aims to design a new approach for sustainable management of resources and realization of clean production in the agricultural sector. In order to design the new approach of the present study, the integration of two concepts of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus and decoupling pollution- agricultural growth (DEC) was used. The proposed approach is modeled through the multi-objective programming model by optimizing the WEF and DEC indices, which is the first research effort in this field. In this regard, the performance of this approach was evaluated in Jiroft county in Kerman province, Iran. The results of the study showed that the consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the optimal pattern with the simultaneous provision of WEF and gross margin (GM) goals (Optimal 1) is about 110 kg and 0.19 liters per hectare, respectively, more than the proposed pattern (Optimal 3). On the other hand, the consumption of water and energy resources in the optimal pattern with the simultaneous provision of DEC and GM goals (Optimal 2) is about 8785 cubic meters and 1108 MJ per hectare more than the proposed pattern (Optimal 3), respectively. Therefore, this approach, due to the simultaneous integration of two concepts of sustainable development in the agricultural sector, can overcome the weakness of the WEF nexus in not paying attention to the issues of environmental pollution affected by the use of chemical inputs and the weakness of separating pollution- agricultural growth in not paying attention to the management of water and energy resources in the agricultural sector.
Liquid spherical shells are a non-equilibrium steady state
Authors: Boekhoven Job , Bergmann Alexander , Bauermann Jonathan , Bartolucci Giacomo , Donau Carsten , Stasi Michele , Holtmannspötter Anna-Lena , Jülicher Frank , Weber Christoph
Published: April 2023

Liquid-liquid phase separation is the process in which two immiscible liquids demix. This spontaneous phenomenon yields spherical droplets that eventually coarsen to one large, stable droplet governed by the principle of minimal free energy. In chemically fueled phase separation, the formation of phase-separating molecules is coupled to a fuel-driven, non-equilibrium reaction cycle.1 It thus yields dissipative structures sustained by a continuous fuel conversion.2 Such dissipative structures are ubiquitous in biology3 but are poorly understood as they are governed by non-equilibrium thermodynamics.4 Here, we bridge the gap between passive, close-to-equilibrium, and active, dissipative structures with chemically fueled phase separation. We observe that spherical, active droplets can transition into a new morphology—a liquid, spherical shell of droplet material. A spherical shell is highly unstable at equilibrium, and this dissipative structure can be sustained only by continuous conversion of chemical energy. We demonstrate that the mechanism is related to gradients of shortlived droplet material. We characterize how far out of equilibrium the spherical shell state is and the chemical power necessary to sustain it. Our work suggests new avenues for assembling complex stable morphologies, which might already be exploited to form membraneless organelles by cells.
Antimicrobial Properties of Free and Encapsulated-essential Oil into Chitosan of Rosemary
Authors: BOLOURI Parisa , SEN Pınar , SAHIN Fikrettin
Published: April 2023

Pathogenic microbes are the most common cause of chronic infections and mortality in mammals and loss of agricultural crops in the world. Antimicrobial agents including antibiotics and antifungals are often used in the treatment of infections due to their exceptional consequences faces various problems that limits the treatment by them. Therefore, herbal sources are attracting more attention due to lower side effects and in some cases better and faster effects. Plant essential oils (EOs) have many antimicrobial and pharmacological effects, but EOs are volatile, heat-sensitive and water-insoluble compounds that limit their use, encapsulating EOs can improve the properties of such compounds. Chitosan, a biodegradable nanopolymer, is very important in drug transfer due to better encapsulation, controlled release and low toxicity. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the encapsulation technique as a suitable method to preserve essential oils and increase their antimicrobial properties. First, the chitosan polymer was synthesized and used to encapsulate rosemary essential oil after examining its shape and size by spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the antibacterial effect of encapsulated EO and free EO was investigated by liquid microdilution method. The results showed that encapsulated EO had a greater antibacterial effect against gram-negative bacteria and fungi compared to free EO.
Revisiting the anatomy of myrtiformis muscle
Authors: Uzmansel Deniz , Öztürk Nail Can
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose The nasal base muscles are of great functional importance in health and disease. Particularly, the one lacking terminological consensus, but often termed as myrtiformis muscle, which has been mostly omitted by anatomists may have significance for rhinoplasty. The purpose of the current study was to re-examine the anatomical features of myrtiformis muscle.Materials and Method Conducted on 40 sides of 20 formalin-fixed amputated heads, we followed a dissection routine to fully expose the origin and insertion sites of the nasal base muscles. We measured the respective morphometric via digital caliper.Results Based on the number of bellies and their muscular attachment sites, we described an anatomical classification that consists of three different types of MM which had a single and broad origin. We classified the double bellied muscle as Type 1 occurred in 10% (4/40), whereas the single bellied ones as Type 2 and 3, classified in 80% (32/40) and 10% (4/40), respectively. Measured distance between the medial margin of myrtiformis muscle origin and midline passing through the anterior nasal spine did not differ between any statistical comparisons (P > 0.05).Conclusion We revisited the muscle which was at some occasions termed as myrtiformis muscle, depressor septi nasi or depressor alae nasi muscles. Considering that there are differential forms of the muscle with the same muscular origin but bearing single or double bellies and/or different insertion sites, our classification may overcome possible terminological confusion by ensuring single muscle term with easily distinguishable morphological types. We invite anatomists to enlarge the data set and comment on our classification, and surgeons to conduct prospective examinations to add deeper insight regarding the functional importance of anatomical classifications by correlating pre vs post-operative functional differences.
v3c-viz: Visualization and data exploration of chromosome conformation capture data at full resolution using Voronoi diagrams
Authors: Race Alan , Fuchs Alisa , Chung Ho-Ryun
Published: April 2023

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) sequencing approaches, like Hi-C or micro-C, allow for an unbiased view of chromatin interactions. Most analysis methods rely on so-called interaction matrices, which are derived from counting read pairs in bins of fixed size. To achieve high spatial resolution the general perception is that a high sequencing depth is required. Here, we show that high spatial resolution does not require high sequencing depth using the Voronoi diagram, as implemented in Voronoi for chromosome conformation capture data visualization (v3c-viz). The Voronoi diagram corresponds to an adaptive-binning strategy that adapts to the local densities of points. In this way, visualization of data obtained by moderate sequencing depth pinpoint many, if not most, interesting features such as high frequency contacts. The superior visualization properties of the Voronoi diagram calls for further developments towards algorithms for identifying contacts at a resolution approaching the typical size of enhancers and promoters.v3c-viz is available at https://github.com/imbbLab/v3c-viz
Towards high-performance polyesters from carbon dioxide: novel polyhydroxyarylates from engineered Cupriavidus necator
Authors: Averesch Nils , Vince Vince , Kracke Frauke , Ziesack Marika , Nangle Shannon , Waymouth Robert , Criddle Craig
Published: April 2023

Synthetic materials are integral components of consumable and durable goods and are indispensable in the modern world. Polyesters are the most versatile bulk- and specialty-polymers but their production is not sustainable and their fate at end-of-life is of great concern. Bioplastics are highly regarded alternatives but often fall behind conventional synthetic plastics due to shortcomings in material properties and commercial competitiveness. This has limited the success of sustainable replacements at global market scale. Enabling production of bioplastics with superior properties from waste-derived feedstocks could change that. To this end, we created a synthetic entry into the metabolic pathway of bio-polyester synthesis of Cupriavidus necator H16 by means of heterologous hydroxyacyl-CoA transferase and mutant PHA synthase. The resulting microbial cell factories produced a range of aliphatic and aromatic bio-polyesters and enabled co-polymerization of a range of hydroxy carboxylates, including a hydroxyphenylic and a hydroxyfuranoic acid, for the first time incorporating aromatic rings in the backbone of biological polyesters. These diverse polymers were then characterized in terms of their physical properties. The resulting polymers were structurally analogous to synthetic polyesters like PET, PEF and other polyarylates. In a further advance, the transgenic strain was cultivated in a bio-electrochemical system under autotrophic conditions, enabling synthesis of aromatic bio-polyesters from in-situ generated O2, while assimilating CO2. Follow-up elementary flux-mode analysis established the feasibility of de-novo production of twenty different polyesters from five different carbon- and energy-sources. This comprehensive study opens the door to sustainable bio-production of various high-performance thermoplastics and thermosets.
Correlation of Fitzpatrick Skin Type and Iris Color with Tumor Size in 823 patients with Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Agrawal Kushal , Barke Matthew , Chiang Lawrence , Ni Roselind , Kim Rachel , Zhang Qiang (Ed) , Shields Carol
Published: April 2023

Objective: To determine the correlation of Fitzpatrick Skin Type (FST) and iris color with tumor size (tumor thickness and basal diameter) in patients with uveal melanoma.
Methods: Retrospective cohort from a single ocular oncology center of 823 patients with uveal melanoma and documented FST, iris color, and tumor size. Patients were classified into FST (type I, II, and III-V) and iris color (blue, green, and brown) on the basis of external facial photography. There were no FST type VI patients. Tumor thickness was classified into small [<3 millimeter (mm)], medium (3.1-8.0 mm), or large (>8.0 mm), and basal diameter into small (<10 mm), medium (10.1-15 mm) or large (>15mm). The correlation of FST and iris color with tumor thickness and basal diameter was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis H test.
Results: The FST classification was type I (n=92, 11%), type II (n=643, 78%), or III-V (n=88, 11%), and iris color was blue (n=472, 57%), green (n=102, 12%), or brown (n=249, 30%). A comparison of FST revealed differences in mean tumor thickness (p= 0.04) and basal diameter (p=0.006). Iris color showed no difference for mean tumor thickness (p=0.41) or basal diameter (p=0.48). There was a difference with brown iris color relative to FST III-V for mean tumor thickness (p=0.003) and basal diameter (p=0.001) but no difference with blue or green iris color (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Iris color alone showed no difference in tumor size, but those with brown iris color and FST type III-V demonstrated larger tumor thickness and basal diameter.
Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Electro-hydraulic 3-UPS/S Parallel Stabilized Platform
Authors: yuan xiaoming , Wang Weiqi , Pang Haodong , Zhang Lijie
Published: April 2023

With the development of fluid power transmission and control and control technology, using electro-hydraulic driven can significantly improve the load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and control accuracy of the stabilization platforms. However, compared to mechanical driven, electro-hydraulic driven parallel stabilization platform needs to consider the stiffness and damping of the fluid, as well as the coupling effect between the fluid and the structure, making the modal and dynamic response characteristics of the mechanism more complex. Aiming at the above problems, taking the electro-hydraulic driven 3-UPS/S parallel stable platform as the research object, considering the hinge stiffness, the vibration characteristic equation of the mechanism was established by using the virtual work principle. Then the variation characteristics of natural frequency and vibration response with the position of mechanism were analyzed basing on the dynamic equation. Finally, the correctness of the model was verified by modal test and Runge-Kutta methods. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the dynamic design of electro-hydraulic driven parallel mechanisms.
Study on quality of abrasive suspension jet cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastic
Authors: Li Liucan , Xiao Nanzhe , Guo Chuwen , Wang Fengchao
Published: April 2023

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are widely used in many fields such as aerospace, nuclear reactors, automobiles, ships, and so on, due to their excellent mechanical and thermophysical properties. However, the cutting of CFRP with traditional cutting tools has many problems, such as tool wear, section delamination, large thermal stress zones, and poor surface roughness. As a precision cold cutting technology, abrasive suspension jet (ASJ) can effectively overcome these problems. In this paper, ASJ is used to cut various commonly-used CFRP, and the delamination, surface roughness, average inclination angle, and upper edge collapse of the cutting surfaces are analyzed by ultra-depth-of-field optical microscope. The effects of jet parameters upon the cutting quality of various CFRP are studied. The results demonstrated that an improved machining quality can be obtained for CFRP composites with a resin content of 33%, a carbon fiber content of 175 g/m2, and a ply direction of 0/45/90° or 0/90° by using ASJ with a standoff distance of 1 mm, a jet pressure of 20-30 MPa, and a feed speed of 30 mm/min.
Determination of surface roughness of micro rods fabricated by reverse μEDM using dimensional analysis
Authors: Pratap Suresh , Datta Somak , Sharma Vinay
Published: April 2023

Reverse micro electrical discharge machining (reverse µEDM) is becoming more popular as a novel method for creating array microelectrodes with a high aspect ratio without profile restrictions. Surface roughness is an essential quality characteristic or parameter determining the product's final shape and is more determinant when the size of the product is small. The objective of this work is to create a mathematical model based on dimensional analysis that uses Buckingham's µ-theorem to quantify the surface roughness of microrods. Surface roughness has been explored through experiments based on the Taguchi design, considering the process parameters such as voltage, feed, capacitance, flushing pressure, and material properties (thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, melting temperature, and specific heat). The surface roughness of tungsten carbide (WC) micro rods increases by approx. 58% when the capacitance increases from 10nF to 100nF. FESEM is used to analyze the crater size variation of WC micro rods. The surface roughness predicted by dimensional analysis supports the experimental results with an error of 3.45%.
Enhancement of the classification and recovery process of fine mineral particles via a newly developed volute feed hydrocyclone
Authors: Lv Wenjie , Wei Qi , Ji Yujie , Liu Bing , Ma Hongpeng , Huang Yuan , Huang Haitao , Wang Hualin , Fu Peng Bo
Published: April 2023

Ore resources in the mining process form a large number of unmanageable tailings, mostly inhalable fine mineral particles, into the environment will cause serious pollution, and recycling is a precious resource. The cyclone classification provides the possibility for the recovery and exploitation of fine particles, but the recovery and utilization rate of conventional cyclone separation is seriously low, and the performance urgently should be optimized. In the present study, a new type of volute feed was proposed to strengthen the classification and recovery process of fine mineral particles. Combined with numerical simulation and experimental research, the effects of various structural parameters and operating parameters on the flow field distribution, particle motion, and classification performance were systematically examined.The obtained results reveal that the new volute feed structure can effectively reduce the internal turbulence and improve the flow field stability and particle classification efficiency. Compared with the traditional hydrocyclone, the classification efficiency of fine particles with new feed structure increases by 10%-18%. Increasing underflow diameter and feed pressure and reducing overflow diameter and feed concentration are also beneficial to lessening classification particle size and enhancing classification performance. The currently achieved outcomes can provide valuable guidelines for further development of novel hydrocyclones.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations and potential health risks in chicken doner kebabs cooked with different fat contents and cooking methods
Authors: Karslioglu Betul , Kolsarıcı Nuray
Published: April 2023

Chicken doner kebab is a meat product widely consumed worldwide and has a significant market share. However, this substance is very vulnerable to contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which may threaten human health. This study detected eight PAHs (BcFE, CPcdP, BaP, BaA, Chry, 5 MC, BghiP, and DahA) in doner samples, and a methodology for the evaluation of these contaminants by high-performance liquid chromatography was validated. In chicken doner samples made with various cooking techniques (gas, charcoal, or electric), variable fat concentrations (low-fat/ LF or high-fat/ HF), and varied doneness degrees, the presence of 16 PAHs and probability health concerns were studied (medium and well-done). According to the results, the most abundant PAH compound in chicken doner samples was benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), measured in the range of 54.50-158.70 μg/kg. BaP and PAH 4 concentrations varied between nd-5.92 and 54.50-145.90 μg/kg, respectively. The results revealed that especially high-fat doner samples were hazardous regarding PAH compounds diversity and concentrations. In addition, the estimated dietary exposure (EDI) of BaP was 0.9 to 3.00 ng/kg, and the EDI for PAH4 was 8.15 and 81.84 ng/kg. In all chicken doner kebabs, MOE was>10 000, indicating a common concern for the population. The MOEs were >10 000 in all chicken doner groups and all age groups (female and male), indicating a low concern for the Turkish population.
Temporal change in phytoplankton diversity and functional group composition
Authors: Carvalho Josie Antonucci Di , Rönn Lena , Prins Theo , Hillebrand Helmut
Published: April 2023

One of the key challenges in managing eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems is the harmonized cross-border assessment of phytoplankton. Some general understanding of the consequences of shifting nutrient regimes can be derived from the detailed investigation of the phytoplankton community and its biodiversity. Here, we combined long-term monitoring datasets of German and Dutch coastal stations and amended these with additional information on species biomass. Across the integrated and harmonized data set, we used multiple biodiversity descriptors to analyse temporal trends in the Wadden Sea phytoplankton. Biodiversity, measured as the number of species (S) and the effective number of species (ENS), has decreased in the Dutch stations over the last 20 years, while biomass has increased, indicating that fewer species are becoming more dominant in the system. However, biodiversity and biomass did not show substantial changes in the German stations. Although there were some differences in trends between countries, shifts in community composition and relative abundance were consistent across stations and time. Through a multi-metric approach to biodiversity and species biomass analysis, we have been able to gain a better understanding of changes in the Wadden Sea over the last 20 years. We emphasise the importance of continuous and harmonised monitoring programmes that can detect changes in the communities that are indicative of changes in the environment.
New Consideration of the Skin Effect in Electrodynamics
Authors: Maslov Sergey , Maslov Iurii , Maslov Dmitry
Published: April 2023

The article proposes an approach to solving the normal skin effect problem based on integral equations derived directly from Ampère's circuital law, Faraday's law of induction and Kirchhoff's circuit laws, in contrast to modern solutions based on Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics in differential form. It is shown that the skin effect is mainly due to the electromotive force of the wire self-induction, which depends on the distance to the surface, and the influence of eddy currents is either very small or absent. New equations, their solutions and formulas for the total current and impedance are proposed for various technically significant cases immediately taking into account the inductance of the external space and in two versions: taking into account only the self-induction of the conductor; taking into account both self-induction and eddy currents. On the example of a solid cylinder, it is shown that, in accordance with the formulas of the existing approach itself, the current density on the surface of the wire does not increase with increasing frequency, as it is stated in words. It is shown that, in fact, the solutions of the existing concept are based not on eddy currents, but on the uneven distribution of elementary self-induction currents over depth and are completely equivalent to the variant of the presented solutions, taking into account only self-induction. Power balances were obtained without the introduction of a frequency-dependent active resistance to alternating current in two versions: based on the total current, voltage and average electromotive force of induction; based on the integration of the balance of specific powers over the entire volume of the wire. The physical meaning of the visual increase of the active resistance with increasing frequency is revealed, but certainly not on the basis of a decrease in the effective cross section of the wire. Based on the symmetry of the distribution of eddy currents, the assumption is made that they are absent in galvanically closed wires, but present in open wires such as antennas. An experiment was carried out with a negative result on the detection of the alleged thermal separation in the wire, an explanation for this was proposed.
Hypothyroidism and Mammary Cancer: Role of Peritumoral Adipose Tissue
Authors: Zyla Leila , Santiano Flavia Eliana , Bruna Flavia , Gómez Silvina , Cano Rocio , Maniero Mariángeles Ávila , Pietrobon Elisa , Ginevro Paula , Pistone-Creydt Virginia , Carón Rubén , López-Fontana Constanza
Published: April 2023

To study the effects of HypoT on rat mammary tumor-associated adipose tissue and its ability to modify the biological behavior of breast cancer epithelial cells, we evaluated changes in the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and migration of tumorigenic (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and non-tumorigenic (MCF-10A) mammary cells incubated with the conditioned media from mammary adipose tissue (MAT-CMs) of HypoT and euthyroid (EUT) rats with and without mammary tumors. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracen (15mg/rat) at 55 days of age to induce mammary tumors and were divided at random in HypoT (0.01% 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water, n = 30) and EUT (tap water, n = 30). Fragments of MAT were incubated for 24 h with M199 medium, and MAT-CMs were collected. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A were incubated with non-tumor and tumor MAT-CMs, and viability, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and migration were quantified. Non-tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT rats favored apoptosis of MCF-10A; decreased the viability and adhesion of MCF-7; promoted proliferation, and decreased the adhesion of MDA-MB-231. Tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT rats stimulated proliferation in tumorigenic cells and inhibited apoptosis of MCF-10A. Non-tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT rats may protect against tumorigenesis while tumor MAT-CMs of HypoT may favor a more tumorigenic behavior of mammary tumor cells.
A new method for preparing anhydride grafted polypropylene with high grafting ratio by combining microwave reaction and reactive extrusion
Authors: Qiu Ziba , Li Xinru , Wu Hang , Zhao Shicheng
Published: April 2023

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) is an effective compatibilizer in the preparation of polypropylene composites. Its grafting ratio plays an important role in the dispersion of filler or blend in polypropylene (PP) matrix resin, but the grafting ratio of PP-g-MAH prepared by reactive extrusion is low. A method for preparing PP-g-MAH with high grafting ratio and low odor was proposed by combining microwave reaction and melt extrusion. The grafting ratio of the PP-g-MAH products obtained by this method without the assistance of comonomer reached 1.95%. The results of melt index and rheology showed that the crosslinking occurred during the preparation process, thus avoiding the large reduction of molecular weight of PP. Meanwhile, the problem of odor was avoided because no comonomer was added during the process. The application results showed that PP-g-MAH prepared by this method improves the compatibility of glass fiber (GF) and PP, thus improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene/glass fiber (PP/GF) composites. This work explored a novel way to prepare PP-g-MAH with high grafting ratio.
Boussinesq equation solved by the physics informed neural networks
Authors: Gao Ruozhou , Hu Wei , Fei Jinxi , Wu Hongyu
Published: April 2023

Physics informed neural networks(PINNs) model is utilized to achieve the first and second order rogue wave solvers of the Boussinesq equation with different initial and boundary conditions. A new generalized loss term handling the initial first order derivate is included in the simulations to guarantee the high prediction accuracies in the adaptive PINNs(APINNs) and the gradient optimized PINNs(GPINNs) models, with a new regularization parameter being considered in the later case. Learned results with high precision are fulfilled in the large domain simulations by applying more collocation points and more weight parameters in the neural network architecture. The APINNs model currently can be made use of in more situations with high prediction accuracies, while the GPINNs model is more robust in the current research where the initial condition is distributed in the localized sharp areas. Parallel computing is carried out to get the mean relative L2-norm errors efficiently with the GPINNs model due to the random choosing of the simulation points during the training iterations.
Trends in Preterm birth in the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia: a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study characterising trends and risk factors for premature birth
Authors: BROWN Kiarna , COTARU Carina , BINKS Michael
Published: April 2023

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is the single most important cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in the developed world. In Australia, 8.6% of babies are born preterm but there is substantial variability between States and Territories. Previous reports suggest PTB rates are highest in the Northern Territory (NT), but comprehensive analysis of trends and risk factors are lacking in this region.Methods: This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of all births documented in the in the Top End of the NT over the 10-year period from the 1st of January 2008 to 31st of December 2017. We described the overall prevalence of maternal characteristics, obstetric complications, delivery characteristics and the annual trends in PTB. The association between the characteristics and the risk of PTB risk was determined using univariate and multivariate generalised linear models producing risk ratios (RR) and adjusted RRs (aRR) respectively. Data were analysed overall, in First Nations and non-First Nations women.Results: During the decade ending in 2017, annual rates of PTB in the Top End of the NT remained consistently close to 10% of total live births. However, First Nations women experienced more than twice the risk of PTB (16%) compared to other women (7%). Leading risk factors for PTB included premature rupture of membranes (RR 12.33), multiple pregnancy (RR 7.24), antepartum haemorrhage (RR 4.36), and pre-existing diabetes (RR 4.18). These were much more common among First Nations women.Conclusions: First Nations women experience some of the highest PTB rates globally. Smoke exposure, socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and pregnancy complications are avenues for intervention, but the story is complex, and a deeper exploration is warranted. A holistic approach that also addresses key socio-demographic influences is required to improve perinatal outcomes.Trial registration: Not applicable
Investigation of critical factors influencing the underestimation of hearing loss predicted by the ISO 1999 predicting model
Authors: Li Fei , Xie Hong-wei , Su Shi-biao , Zou Hua , ZHou Li-Fang , Xu Qiu-Liang , Wei Fang , Zhang Meibian
Published: April 2023

Objective To analyze factors influencing the underestimation of noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS) among manufacturing workers, providing baseline data for revising noise exposure standard.
Design A cross-sectional study was designed with 2702 noise-exposed workers from 35 enterprises from 10 industries. Personal noise exposure level(LAeq,8h) and noise kurtosis level were determined by a noise dosimeter. Questionnaires and hearing loss tests were performed for each subject. The predicted NIPTS was calculated using the ISO 1999:2013 model for each participant, and the actual measured NIPTS was corrected for age and sex. The factors influencing the underestimation of NIPTS were investigated.
Results The predicted NIPTS at each test frequency (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6kHz) and mean NIPTS at 2, 3, 4, and 6kHz (NIPTS2346) using the ISO 1999:2013 model were significantly lower than their corresponding measured NIPTS, respectively (P<0.001). The ISO model significantly underestimated the NIPTS2346 by 12.36 dB HL. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that noise exposure level, exposure duration, age, and kurtosis could affect the degree of underestimation of NIPTS2346. The generalized additive model (GAM) with (penalized) spline components showed nonlinear relationships between critical factors (age, exposure duration, noise level, and kurtosis) and the underestimated NIPTS2346.The underestimated NIPTS2346 decreased with an increase in exposure duration (especially over ten years). There was no apparent trend in the underestimated NIPTS2346 with age. The underestimated NIPTS2346 decreased with the increased noise level [especially >90 dB(A)]. The underestimated NIPTS2346 increased with an increase in noise kurtosis after adjusting for the noise exposure level and exposure duration and ultimately exhibiting a linear regression relationship.
Conclusions The ISO 1999 predicting model significantly underestimated the noise-induced hearing loss among manufacturing workers. The degree of underestimation became more significant at the noise exposure condition of fewer than ten years, less than 90 dB(A) and higher kurtosis level. It is necessary to apply kurtosis to adjust the underestimation of hearing loss and consider the applying condition of noise energy metrics when using the ISO predicting model.