bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating nitrogen-doping and elimination effect in peanut shell-derived composites for improving microwave absorption using PMMA as a matrix
Authors: Dogari Haniyeh , Salimi-Turkamani Niloofar , Ghafuri Hossein , Peymanfar Reza
Published: January 2025

We engineered nitrogen-doped and etched microwave-absorbing composites from sustainable peanut shells, combined with PMMA. These materials achieved high K-band absorption, moderate shielding, and efficiency with thin, cost-effective designs.
Wedding cake growth and ultraviolet performance of β-GeSe2 nanosheets
Authors: Suonan Zhaxi , Wu Hanxiang , Xu Hua , Zhu Meijie , Li Lin , Chen Shanshan , Cheng Zhihai , Pang Fei
Published: January 2025

Increasing growth time and temperature promoted high supersaturation and induced wedding cake growth of β-GeSe2 nanosheets.
Direct and selective extraction of precious metal molybdenum from solid matrices using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Rao Ankita , Kanekar Avinash S. , Sengupta Arijit , Gupta Ruma
Published: January 2025

This study presents the first report of direct, acid-free SC CO2 extraction of the precious metal Mo from solid matrices, achieving efficient (>90%) and selective Mo recovery from secondary sources.
Oral delivery of MOMIPP lipid nanoparticles for methuosis-induced cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Mao Zeyuan , Chai Guihong
Published: January 2025

MOMIPP-SEDDS increased the relative bioavailability by 19.98-fold and achieved favorable tumor inhibition. Clear evidence of methuosis in the tumor tissue following MOMIPP-SEDDS treatment was revealed by TEM imaging.
Bioactive surface-functionalized MXenes for biomedicine
Authors: Li Ting , Qiang Weipeng , Lei Bo
Published: January 2025

This work reviews the surface modification strategies and biomedical applications of MXene, discusses the challenges, trends and prospects of MXenes nanomaterials, which provides information for enhancing the clinical translation of nanomedicine.
Multiplex one-step direct asymmetric PCR of blood and dual-labelled probe-mediated melting curve for genotyping of MTHFR and MTRR polymorphisms
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Li Lian , Yao Juan
Published: January 2025

Multiplex one-step direct PCR of blood for SNP genotyping.
Genetically engineered gas vesicle proteins with proliferative potential for synergistic targeted tumor therapy
Authors: Lin Li , Du Yan , Wang Yaotai , Luo Yong , Jiang Fujie , Yang Haiyan , Ren Li , Zou Jianzhong
Published: January 2025

Nanomedicine enables precision-targeted therapies through a non-invasive approach, and nanoparticles may be biologically affected during their colonization in vivo.
Beyond Fang's fury: a computational study of the enzyme–membrane interaction and catalytic pathway of the snake venom phospholipase A2 toxin
Authors: Castro-Amorim Juliana , Pinto Alexandre V. , Mukherjee Ashis K. , Ramos Maria J. , Fernandes Pedro A.
Published: January 2025

Investigation of the two most widely recognized catalytic pathways for snake venom-secreted phospholipases A2 (svPLA2s): the ‘single-water mechanism’ and the ‘assisted-water mechanism’, in a membrane model.
Role of data-driven regional growth model in shaping brain folding patterns
Authors: Hou Jixin , Wu Zhengwang , Chen Xianyan , Wang Li , Zhu Dajiang , Liu Tianming , Li Gang , Wang Xianqiao
Published: January 2025

The surface morphology of the developing mammalian brain is crucial for understanding brain function and dysfunction.
Pattern architected soft magnetic actuation
Authors: Chand Dharmi , Srinivasan Sivakumar M.
Published: January 2025

A pattern-architecting approach uses discrete magnetic brick units to mimic the arrangement of soft ferromagnetic particles, achieving specific deformation profiles in magnetic soft actuators without the need for conventional molding.
Distributed zeroth‐order online optimization with communication delays
Authors: Inoue Keito , Hayashi Naoki , Takai Shigemasa
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates distributed online optimization in a networked multiagent system, where each agent has its own private objective and constraint functions that vary over time. In many real‐world scenarios, computing the gradient of the cost function can be challenging, especially when agents have limited computational capabilities. Moreover, communication delays are common in practical networked systems due to various factors. This paper considers a unified framework for distributed online optimization that can handle bandit feedback and communication delays feedback simultaneously. A distributed primal‐dual algorithm is proposed that utilizes bandit feedback, in which the agents estimate the gradients of their objective and constraint functions by sampling the function values. An enlarged network model that incorporates the delayed information exchanged among the agents is introduced. Through theoretical analysis, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves sublinear upper bounds on both the dynamic regret and the constraint violation despite communication delays.
Connection between planetary He I λ10 830 Å absorption and extreme-ultraviolet emission of planet-host stars
Authors: Sanz-Forcada J. , López-Puertas M. , Lampón M. , Czesla S. , Nortmann L. , Caballero J. A. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Amado P. J. , Murgas F. , Orell-Miquel J. , Pallé E. , Quirrenbach A. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Sánchez-López A. , Solano E.
Published: January 2025

Context. The detection of the He I λ10 830 Å triplet in exoplanet atmospheres has opened a new window for probing planetary properties, including atmospheric escape. Unlike Lyman α, the triplet is significantly less affected by interstellar medium (ISM) absorption. Sufficient X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) stellar irradiation may trigger the formation of the He I triplet via photoionization and posterior recombination processes in the planet atmospheres. Only a weak trend between stellar XUV emission and the planetary He I strength has been observed so far.

Aims. We aim to confirm this mechanism for producing near-infrared He I absorption in exoplanetary atmospheres by examining a substantial sample of planetary systems.

Methods. We obtained homogeneous measurements of the planetary He I line equivalent width and consistently computed the stellar XUV ionizing irradiation. Our first step was to derive new coronal models for the planet-host stars. We used updated data from the X-exoplanets database, archival X-ray spectra of M-type stars (including AU Mic and Proxima Centauri), and new XMM-Newton X-ray data recently obtained for the CARMENES project. These data were complemented at longer wavelengths with publicly available HST, FUSE, and EUVE spectra. A total of 75 stars are carefully analyzed to obtain a new calibration between X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission.

Results. Two distinct relationships between stellar X-ray emission (5–100 Å) and EUVH (100–920 Å) or EUVHe (100–504 Å) radiation are obtained to scale the emission from late-type (F to M) stellar coronae. A total of 48 systems with reported planetary He I λ 10 830 Å studies, including 21 positive detections and 27 upper limits, exhibit a robust relationship between the strength of the planetary He I feature and the ionizing XUVHe received by the planet, corrected by stellar and planetary radii, as well as the planet’s gravitational potential. Some outliers could be explained by a different atmospheric composition or the lack of planetary gaseous atmospheres. This relation may serve as a guide to predict the detectability of the He I λ 10 830 Å absorption in exoplanet atmospheres.
Similar-mass versus diverse-mass planetary systems in wind-driven accretion discs
Authors: Zhao Yunpeng , Matsumura Soko
Published: January 2025

Context. Many close-in multiple-planet systems show a peas-in-a-pod trend, where sizes, masses, and orbital spacing of neighbouring planets are comparable to each other. On the other hand, some planetary systems have a more diverse size and mass distribution, including the Solar System. Classical planet formation models tend to produce the former type of planetary systems rather than the latter, and the origin of their difference is not well understood.

Aims. Recent observational and numerical studies support the disc evolution that is largely driven by magnetic winds rather than by the traditional disc’s viscosity alone. In such a wind-driven accretion disc, the disc mass accretion rate varies radially, instead of being constant in radius as in the classical viscously accreting disc. We investigate how the wind’s efficiency in removing the disc mass affects the outcome of planet formation and migration.

Methods. We performed single-core planet formation simulations via pebble accretion in wind-driven accretion discs. We varied the wind’s efficiency via the magnetic lever arm parameter λ and studied the outcome of planet formation and migration by considering a range of initial disc masses and disc accretion timescales.

Results. Our simulations show that higher λ discs with less wind mass loss lead to faster formation and migration of planets and tend to generate similar-mass planetary systems, while lower λ discs lead to slower formation and migration as well as more diverse- mass planetary systems. Furthermore, we find that a planetary system with a mass jump happens for all λ cases as long as the planet formation timescale is comparable to the disc accretion timescale, but the jump is larger for lower λ discs. The super-Earth systems accompanied by cold Jupiters can be generated in such systems, and we find their frequencies are higher in metal-rich discs, which agrees with the observational trend. Our simulations indicate that similar-mass and diverse-mass systems are approximately separated at λ ∼ 2–3.
Heilungshindernisse
Authors: Kaltenbrunner Ulrike
Published: January 2025

Die osteopathische Medizin hat den Anspruch, ganzheitlich zu arbeiten und
Menschen dauerhaft zu heilen. Trotzdem kommt es immer wieder vor, dass
Erkrankten nicht vollständig geholfen werden kann, obwohl die Dysfunktion(en)
sicher erfasst und die Behandlung nach allen Regeln der Kunst durchgeführt
wurden. In diesen Fällen ist es sinnvoll, nach Heilungshindernissen zu suchen.
Heilungshindernisse wurden bereits von Samuel Hahnemann als Lebensumstände oder
-gewohnheiten beschrieben, die einer dauerhaften Genesung im Weg stehen. Diese
können offensichtlich, wie allgemein bekannte Krankheitsursachen und
Risikofaktoren, oder versteckt sein, sodass sie primär übersehen werden können.
Dieser Artikel sensibilisiert für Heilungshindernisse, die für das
osteopathische Denken und Handeln relevant sind, und dafür, Behandlungsabläufe
und -strategien neu zu überdenken.
Laparoscopic Endometriosis Surgery in Patients with Infertility: Identifying Surgical and Non-Surgical Variables Affecting Postoperative Pregnancy. Long-term Follow-up in a University Endometriosis Center
Authors: Tahmasbi Rad Morva , Graf Nele , Akpinar-Isci Dilara , Wilhelm Lisa Marie , Becker Sven , Gasimli Khayal
Published: January 2025

Endometriosis is a disease which affects the quality of life and fertility of many young women. Choosing the right time for surgery is important for the outcome of patients. We evaluated the surgical variables affecting postoperative pregnancy rates.

This study is a retrospective analysis of women treated for endometriosis in Frankfurt University Hospital between 2007 and 2017. A total of 695 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, of whom 125 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of wanting to have a child for more than one year. Finally, 102 patients (82%) with surgery and infertility were followed up for 70 months.

We found a cumulative pregnancy rate of 69.6% after 38 months in our patients. The duration of infertility before surgery had a significant effect on postoperative pregnancy rates. There was no significant difference between the different kinds of surgical techniques, but complete treatment of all visible lesions significantly increased the chance of pregnancy (hazard ratio 2.2). Repeated abdominal operations reduced the chance of postoperative pregnancy and prolonged the time to pregnancy.

In patients with endometriosis and infertility, both laparoscopic surgery with complete resection of all visible lesions and the timing of surgery are important to achieve pregnancy. Early intervention with careful planning of the operation is critical. It is important to avoid repeated operations to achieve the best results regarding pregnancy.
EUS-guided rendezvous is a viable salvage technique for failed billiary cannulation in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass undergoing BAE-ERCP
Authors: Kadkhodayan Kambiz , Pathak Sagar , Chandan Saurabh , Abassi Abdullah , Viana Artur , Hayat Maham , Arain Mustafa A , Cosgrove Natalie , Jain Deepanshu , Yang Dennis , Hasan Muhammad Khalid , Irani Shayan
Published: January 2025

Biliary cannulation via balloon-assisted-ERCP (BAE-ERCP) can be challenging. Patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have among the lowest reported BAE-ERCP success rates when compared with other types of surgically altered anatomy. We explored the role of EUS-guided rendezvous (EUS-RV) as a rescue technique when BAE-ERCP fails.

Consecutive patients with RYGB underwent BAE-ERCP for both benign and malignant indications. Among them, patients in whom BAE-ERCP failed despite use of conventional advanced biliary cannulation techniques underwent EUS-RV if the ampulla could be reached.

Forty-three consecutive patients with RYGB underwent BAE-ERCP. The procedure was successful in 30 patients (69.7%). Among the 13 patients with failed ERCP, EUS-RV was performed in five. Technical success was achieved in all five patients (100%), thereby increasing the overall BAE-ERCP success to 35 patients (81.3%). There were no major procedure-related adverse events on immediate and 3-month follow-up. Average total procedure time for failed BAE-ERCP followed by EUS-RV was 129 minutes (range 47–205 minutes).

EUS-RV in patients with RYGB has high technical and clinical success and can be a viable alternative to more invasive options when BAE-ERCP fails using traditional cannulation techniques.
Endoscopic blind limb reduction with septotomy for the treatment of candy cane syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Pilot feasibility study
Authors: Kadkhodayan Kambiz , Khan Zubair , Irani Shayan , Viana Artur , Chandan Saurabh , Pathak Sagar , Abassi Abdullah , Arain Mustafa A , Hayat Maham , Jain Deepanshu , Yang Dennis , Hasan Muhammad Khalid , Bello Vincentelli Gustavo
Published: January 2025

Candy cane syndrome (CCS) refers to patients with a long and symptomatic blind afferent roux limb (BARL) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Revisional surgery is efficacious but can be cost prohibitive.

We describe endoscopic blind limb reduction (EBLR), that converts the BARL into a “common channel” and eliminates food pooling, thereby improving symptoms. Patients that did not have a complete symptomatic response underwent a repeat EBLR or EBLR with septotomy (EBLR-S) based on residual BARL length.

Five patients with CCS underwent the EBLR procedure. Mean age was 60.4 years, average BARL length 5.8 cm, and median Charlson comorbidity index was 3. Technical success was achieved in all five patients (100%). Symptom resolution was achieved in all five patients (100%). Two patients required a second procedure.

EBLR may be a potentially safe, efficacious, and cost-effective alternative to surgery in patients with CCS. Further prospective studies are needed.
Liquid Biopsy and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Aggarwal Shyam , Chougle Anuradha , Talwar Vineet , Shukla Pragya , Rohtagi Nitesh , Verma Amit , Pasricha Rajesh , Sirohi Bhawna , Agarwal Chaturbhuj , Pasricha Sunil , Choudhary R. K. , Goyal Gautam
Published: January 2025

The majority of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will ultimately develop metastasis. Identifying specific molecular characteristics in them can help optimize their management in a personalized manner. This requires a noninvasive method for frequent sampling. Liquid biopsy provides such an option that is gaining increasing importance in most tumor types. We present the current status of liquid biopsy in CRC with respect to early diagnosis in high-risk population, screening, follow-up of patients on treatment, early identification of progression, and value of serial sampling. We will also discuss the potential for liquid biopsy to help identify changes related to microbiota, specific tumor-causing bacteria, and testing for ribonucleic acid associated with exosomes.
Study on water entry characteristics of an air-droppable underwater glider in hydrostatic water
Authors: Ma Wei , Lou Haitong , Li Xuecheng , Wang Peng , Wang Liugen , Niu Wendong , Yang Ming , Fa Shuai , Song Jieru , Yang Shaoqiong
Published: January 2025

Quickly and long-distance deployable air-dropped underwater gliders (ADUGs) have significantly improved the efficiency of ocean observations. However, the ADUG inevitably suffers from a huge impact during the water entry, which exerts a great influence on the success rate of deployment. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model of an ADUG is established through fluid–solid coupling of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element method. Numerical simulation is performed to analyze the impact characteristics of the ADUG when entering hydrostatic water under different initial water entry conditions and the bouncing characteristics after the entry. The dynamic design analysis method is adopted to investigate the structural response characteristics of the ADUG during vertical water entry based on impact response spectra and modal analysis. A hydrostatic water tank experiment is performed with a scaled-down model of the AUDG, and the maximum error of the peak acceleration ap between the experimental and simulation results is 7.61%, proving good engineering applicability of our approach. The analysis results can be used to guide the structural design and deployment planning of ADUGs, which also provide a theoretical reference for the water entry research of other air-droppable equipment with complex shapes and structures.
Similar and dissimilar destruction of turbulent fluxes in a low-Reynolds-number channel flow
Authors: Takahashi M. , Inagaki Y. , Tsujimoto K. , Ando T.
Published: January 2025

Velocity and temperature fields constrained by strictly similar boundary conditions can never be exactly the same. This is because only the velocity is projected onto the divergence-free vector field, breaking the similarity in smaller-scale fluctuations. In this study, we investigate the dissimilarity between the velocity and temperature fields caused by dissimilar destruction of turbulent momentum and heat fluxes under instantaneous pressure. Instantaneous similar and dissimilar pressure-rate-of-strain/pressure-temperature-gradient events are detected in a numerical channel flow at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ=180 and Prandtl number of Pr=1.0. From forward-similar destruction events of turbulent fluxes (loss of both momentum and heat fluxes), pure straining flow patterns are obtained. Moreover, from forward-dissimilar events (loss of momentum flux but gain of heat flux, a beneficial result for engineers), small swirling flows appear near the stagnation point, breaking the similarity of destruction. The same similarity-breaking mechanism is confirmed in backward-dissimilar destruction events, but the overall flow patterns are different from those of forward-dissimilar events. The above-mentioned phenomena do not appear if we employ pressure-gradient-velocity/pressure-gradient-temperature couplings as the destruction process. In addition, the velocity and temperature fields of the conditional sampling results are symmetric with respect to the sign of the local fluctuating pressure within the events.
A physics-informed neural network for turbulent wake simulations behind wind turbines
Authors: Gafoor CTP Azhar , Kumar Boya Sumanth , Jinka Rishi , Gupta Abhineet , Tyagi Ankit , Sarkar Suranjan , Subramani Deepak N.
Published: January 2025

Fast simulations of wind turbine wakes are crucial during the design phase of optimal wind farm layouts. Wind turbine wakes affect the performance of downstream turbines. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), a deep learning approach to simulate dynamical systems governed by partial differential equations, are gaining traction in computational fluid dynamics due to their fast inference capability. We developed a PINN model using the 2-equation k−ε model and the actuator disk method to simulate the wakes behind the wind turbines. Crucially, training of the developed PINN model does not rely on high-fidelity simulation data, thus reducing the end-to-end training time by saving simulation data generation time. We tested the model against traditional solvers and field data to simulate the turbulent wake behind the HOLEC WPS 30/3 Wind Turbine from Sexbierum and a three-blade 630-kW Nibe-B wind turbine. Detailed computational studies are completed to establish convergence properties with increasing sampling collocation points and the number of graphical processing units. A transfer learning strategy is introduced to accelerate training for new scenarios resulting in a 5× speedup. Our results establish the efficacy of the PINN model in simulating turbulent flows. Compared to field data, our PINN model and traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) numerical solvers, such as the shear stress transport k −ω and Reynolds stress model have similar errors, suggesting its utility as a replacement to these RANS solvers. The model architecture, trained weights, and code are available in https://github.com/quest-lab-iisc/PINN_WakeTurbulenceModel.
Super-resolution reconstruction and prediction of flow fields based on deep learning and modal decomposition
Authors: Wang Rui , Li Mijian , Wang Lianzhou
Published: January 2025

The flow field obtained through numerical simulations often exhibits distortion after data processing steps, such as super-resolution (SR) reconstruction or flow field prediction. This study presents a flow field reconstruction method based on deep learning. The physics-informed convolutional neural network (PICNN) model, combining the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the physics-informed neural network (PINN), is specifically designed to address distortion issues present in data processing. The study shows that in the SR reconstruction of the square cavity flow field, the PICNN model increases the resolution of the velocity field by 16, 36, 64, and even 256 times with an error range significantly superior to traditional interpolation methods. However, in regions where the velocity changes are particularly abrupt, the super-resolution reconstruction performance of the PICNN model is suboptimal. At the same time, combined with the sparsity promoting dynamic mode decomposition (SPDMD) algorithm, the PICNN model significantly optimizes the flow field prediction of the SPDMD algorithm, even in the case of a small number of retained modes.
Calibration of the k–
ω
shear stress transport turbulence model for transitional boundary layer flows over flat plate and turbulent backward facing step flows
Authors: Yildizeli Alperen , Cadirci Sertac
Published: January 2025

Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models have been used over several decades in industrial and academic applications to predict turbulent flow fields. Adequacy of the predefined closure coefficients has received attention in the research community with increasing computational power in the last 20 years. In this study, the transitional and standard k–ω shear stress transport turbulence models are calibrated for flows over flat plate and backward facing step using six benchmark cases available in the literature. A systematical calibration methodology is presented, consisting of validation studies, global sensitivity analysis, reduced order modeling with Deep Neural Networks, and multi-objective optimization algorithm. Moreover, three different approaches are suggested to examine different aspects of the applicability of the calibrated closure coefficients. The results of the study demonstrate that the closure coefficients can be successfully calibrated using multi-objective optimization to improve the prediction of wall shear stresses and velocity profiles independent of the quantity of selected test cases. Comparison between different calibration approaches and their performance on different objective functions indicated their advantages and disadvantages. Calibrated values of the holistic calibration approach for the β1, β*, a1, b1, β2, and γ1 were found to be 6%, 25%, 24%, and 16% higher and 7% and 25% lower, respectively, than their default values.
Mixed lubrication performance analysis of a novel water-lubricated thrust bearing considering transient thermal, cavitation, and turbulence
Authors: Li Renpan , Hou Liukai , Zhou Guangwu , Hao Kaiyuan , Yang Rongsong , Zhou Qinghua
Published: January 2025

The aerospace temperature-controlled pump serves as the sole power source for the nuclear-powered cooling loop, with its service life and friction power consumption being critical to the equipment's stability. This paper introduces a novel water-lubricated polyetheretherketone thrust bearing with spiral grooves in response to the performance flaws of traditional hybrid ceramic ball bearings characterized by short service life, poor impact resistance, and severe wear. A transient thermal mixed lubrication model considering transient thermal, cavitation and turbulence effects is established, and the effects of lubrication structure, environmental condition and startup mode on the performance of the new bearing are investigated. The results show that the spiral angle, tilt angle, and ambient pressure significantly affect frictional power consumption and temperature rise characteristics, and optimizing lubrication structure and startup mode helps reduce friction power consumption. The research results have important theoretical significance for the leapfrog development of space thermal control fluid mechanical pumps.
Long-term surveillance of Phytophthora cinnamomi reveals no evidence of increased detections and new insights for monitoring and management
Authors: Mason T. J. , McDougall K. L. , Craven P. , Simpson C. C. , Popovic G. C. , Keith D. A.
Published: January 2025

Context Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is an introduced soil-borne pathogen that causes population decline in susceptible species and changes native vegetation compositions. Land managers require information about changing disease incidence, predisposing site factors and potential efficiencies in field identification of the disease. Previous sampling for P. cinnamomi in southern Sydney conservation reserves has provided a framework to monitor pathogen incidence. Aims We specifically asked: (1) Is the incidence of P. cinnamomi disease intensifying, decreasing or stable? (2) Is visual assessment of disease symptoms at the community or sentinel species level a good predictor of positive P. cinnamomi laboratory assays? (3) Is the incidence of P. cinnamomi related to access, vegetation type, human visitation or landscape position? Methods We assembled data from historic surveys in Dharawal Reserves in 2008 (n = 26) and 2014 (n = 110), and undertook additional surveys in 2022 (n = 110). We supplemented detections in 2008 with 2006–2008 records from other southern Sydney conservation reserves (n = 147). We used laboratory detection results, field observations of plant symptoms and environmental data to assess trends. Key results We did not find evidence of increased pathogen incidence over time; however, detection was spatially and temporally variable among sites. Proximity to waterways appeared to increase the likelihood of P. cinnamomi presence. We found differences between visual field assessment of disease expression and laboratory assay of pathogen detection. We observed marginal improvement in detection agreement when we subsetted the data to sites that explicitly identified Xanthorrhoea sp. as potential host species. A sample size analysis indicated that considerable increase in sampling effort would be required to detect consequential changes in the long-term P. cinnamomi status. Conclusions Landscape-scale monitoring of P. cinnamomi incidence requires greater sampling intensity and duration to support reliable inferences about trends. Locally focused management and monitoring efforts that consider susceptible sentinel species dynamics may inform the protection of specific assets at risk from infection by P. cinnamomi.
Restart uncertainty relation for monitored quantum dynamics
Authors: Yin Ruoyu , Wang Qingyuan , Tornow Sabine , Barkai Eli
Published: January 2025

We introduce a time-energy uncertainty relation within the context of restarts in monitored quantum dynamics. Previous studies have established that the mean recurrence time, which represents the time taken to return to the initial state, is quantized as an integer multiple of the sampling time, displaying pointwise discontinuous transitions at resonances. Our findings demonstrate that the natural utilization of the restart mechanism in laboratory experiments, driven by finite data collection time spans, leads to a broadening effect on the transitions of the mean recurrence time. Our proposed uncertainty relation captures the underlying essence of these phenomena, by connecting the broadening of the mean hitting time near resonances, to the intrinsic energies of the quantum system and to the fluctuations of recurrence time. Our uncertainty relation has also been validated through remote experiments conducted on an International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) quantum computer. This work not only contributes to our understanding of fundamental aspects related to quantum measurements and dynamics, but also offers practical insights for the design of efficient quantum algorithms with mid-circuit measurements.
Superior thermoelectric power factor in BiCuSeO enabled by a ferromagnetic metallic phase and spin entropy effect
Authors: Amuthan R , Mohamed Jibri K P , Archana J , Navaneethan M , KrishnaMohan M
Published: January 2025

BiCuSeO, a layered oxychalcogenide is a potential p-type thermoelectric material for mid-temperature waste heat recovery. In this work, BiCuSeO was synthesized by a facile two-step process of ball milling followed by a hot press densification technique. Efforts to increase the reaction speed and time led to preferential formation of a composite, in which the ferromagnetic metallic phase Bi2Cu(SeO3)4 was embedded in the BiCuSeO matrix. X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of secondary phase Bi2Cu(SeO3)4 in the matrix. Temperature-dependent vibrating-sample magnetometry showed an increasing trend of magnetic moment with temperature, revealing the ferromagnetic nature of Bi2Cu(SeO3)4. The decrease of electrical conductivity

(
σ
)

with temperature confirms the degenerate semiconducting behaviour of the sample, with a high

σ

of 92.48 S cm−1 at 303 K. Meanwhile, deterioration of the Seebeck coefficient was negligible compared with pristine BiCuSeO due to the additional spin entropy effect confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis with a g-factor value of 2.278. Consequently, the occurrence of a ferromagnetic metallic phase results in a high thermoelectric power factor of 493.73 μW m−1 K−2 at 303 K, which is 37% higher than that of pure BiCuSeO.
Modulating the properties of g-C3N4 through two-step annealing and ionic-liquid gating
Authors: Sa Na , Nie Kaiqi , Ng Yi Sheng , Deng Tielong , Xu Jinfeng , Wang Weichao , Deng Yixiao , Wang Jiaou , Kang Junyong , Zheng Jin-Cheng , Wu Meng , Wang Hui-Qiong
Published: January 2025

The graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an important optoelectronic and photocatalytic material; however, its application is limited by the high recombination rate of the electron-hole (e––h+) pairs. In this work, we reported a novel strategy combining two-step annealing treatment and ionic-liquid (IL) gating technology for effectively regulating the properties of g-C3N4, especially largely reducing the recombination rate of the e––h+ pairs, which is evidenced by a remarkable reduction of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Firstly, g-C3N4 samples with typical layered structure were obtained by annealing melamine with temperature of 600 °C. Further annealing of the samples at 600 °C with much longer time (from 4 h to 12 h) were found to effectively reduce the imperfections or defects, and thus the PL intensity (49% reduction). This large reduction of PL intensity is attributed to the improved interconnection of triazine units, the shortened charge transfer diffusion distances, and the reduced interlayer spacing, which facilitate electron relocation on the g-C3N4 surface. Secondly, by post-treating the annealed sample with IL, the PL intensities were found to be further reduced, mainly due to the passivation of charged defect centers by IL. Additionally, applying an external electric field in an IL environment can significantly enhance the charged defect passivation. Overall, by utilizing electric field-controlled IL gating, defect states in g-C3N4 were passivated, leading to a significant reduction in PL intensity and an extension of PL lifetime, thereby effectively decreasing the e––h+ recombination rate in the material. This study demonstrates a new approach for defect passivation, providing insights and strategies for modulating properties of advanced materials such as g-C3N4.
Real-time CBCT imaging and motion tracking via a single arbitrarily-angled x-ray projection by a joint dynamic reconstruction and motion estimation (DREME) framework
Authors: Shao Hua-Chieh , Mengke Tielige , Pan Tinsu , Zhang You
Published: January 2025

Objective. Real-time cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides instantaneous visualization of patient anatomy for image guidance, motion tracking, and online treatment adaptation in radiotherapy. While many real-time imaging and motion tracking methods leveraged patient-specific prior information to alleviate under-sampling challenges and meet the temporal constraint (<500 ms), the prior information can be outdated and introduce biases, thus compromising the imaging and motion tracking accuracy. To address this challenge, we developed a framework dynamic reconstruction and motion estimation (DREME) for real-time CBCT imaging and motion estimation, without relying on patient-specific prior knowledge. Approach. DREME incorporates a deep learning-based real-time CBCT imaging and motion estimation method into a dynamic CBCT reconstruction framework. The reconstruction framework reconstructs a dynamic sequence of CBCTs in a data-driven manner from a standard pre-treatment scan, without requiring patient-specific prior knowledge. Meanwhile, a convolutional neural network-based motion encoder is jointly trained during the reconstruction to learn motion-related features relevant for real-time motion estimation, based on a single arbitrarily-angled x-ray projection. DREME was tested on digital phantom simulations and real patient studies. Main Results. DREME accurately solved 3D respiration-induced anatomical motion in real time (∼1.5 ms inference time for each x-ray projection). For the digital phantom studies, it achieved an average lung tumor center-of-mass localization error of 1.2 ± 0.9 mm (Mean ± SD). For the patient studies, it achieved a real-time tumor localization accuracy of 1.6 ± 1.6 mm in the projection domain. Significance. DREME achieves CBCT and volumetric motion estimation in real time from a single x-ray projection at arbitrary angles, paving the way for future clinical applications in intra-fractional motion management. In addition, it can be used for dose tracking and treatment assessment, when combined with real-time dose calculation.
From motion to emotion: exploring challenging behaviors in autism spectrum disorder through analysis of wearable physiology and movement
Authors: Rad Ali Bahrami , Villavicencio Tania , Kiarashi Yashar , Anderson Conor , Foster Jenny , Kwon Hyeokhyen , Hamlin Theresa , Lantz Johanna , Clifford Gari D
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of wearable physiology and movement sensors in identifying a spectrum of challenging behaviors, including self-injurious behavior (SIB), in children and teenagers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in real-world settings. Approach: We utilized a long-short-term memory (LSTM) network with features derived using the wavelet scatter transform to analyze physiological biosignals, including electrodermal activity and skin temperature, alongside three-dimensional movement data captured via accelerometers. The study was conducted in naturalistic environments, focusing on participants' daily activities. Main results: Our findings indicate that the best performance in detecting challenging behaviors was achieved using movement data. The results showed a sensitivity of 0.62, specificity of 0.71, F1-score of 0.36, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.71. These results are particularly significant given the study's focus on real-world scenarios and the limited existing research in this area. Significance: This study demonstrates that using wearable technology to record physiological and movement signals can detect challenging behaviors in children with ASD in real-world settings. This methodology has the potential to greatly improve the management of these behaviors, thereby enhancing the quality of life for children with ASD and their caregivers. This approach marks a significant step forward in applying the outcome of ASD research in practical, everyday environments.
The impact of modified gauss-bonnet gravity on a shear-free axial system
Authors: Sadiq M Awais , Manzoor Rubab , Iftikhar Sehrish , Malik Adnan
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the impact of dark sources on the evolution of axially symmetric stellar structure. We consider an anisotropic, dissipative, shear-free and axial symmetric self-gravitating massive stellar structure with dark energy in modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We examine the energy source of the framework and derive the effective dynamical variables as well as structure scalar functions. Our findings demonstrate that the exotic energy serve as a cause of anisotropy and thermal dissipation. Moreover, the effects of shear-free axial evolution are also studied through governing equations and heat transfer equations. This study involves different self-gravitating fluid models, including dissipative non-geodesic and geodesic fluids. The non-geodesic dissipative condition gives that the rotational distribution is necessary and sufficient for a radiating model. The dissipation relies on inhomogeneous expansion. The geodesic model is determined to be non-radiating and irrotational. The non-dissipative geodesic fluid results in the FRW model for positive expansion parameter values.
A simulation and theoretical analysis of the Gd2O3 content effect on the gamma, neutron and charged particle attenuation characteristics of Ce3+-doped gadolinium borosilicate glasses
Authors: Aygun M. , Aygun Zeynep , Celik Fatih Ahmet , Özdoğan Hasan , karabulut ezman , Yılmaz Mücahit
Published: January 2025

In the discipline of radiation shielding, doped glasses represent a particularly noteworthy category of candidate materials. Here the objective is to investigate the shielding characteristics of cerium-doped (Ce3+-doped) glasses with respect to charged particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. The glasses are composed of 100-x(SiO₂–B₂O₃–GdF₃)-xGd₂O₃–1CeF₃, where x is a variable ranging from 0 to 30 by labeled as G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 for x = 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 mol%, respectively. In this connection, the radiation protection properties are evaluated using PHITS Monte Carlo code and the Phy-X/PSD, ESTAR, SRIM and PAGEX codes over a large energy scale. The findings are compared in a comprehensive and comparative manner. It is observed that the shielding efficiencies for charged particles (proton, alpha and electron), gamma rays and neutrons are proportional to the cerium content. The glasses with a higher amount of gadolinium (Gd) present superior protective capabilities. It is asserted that the examined glasses could be employed as shielding materials in a multitude of applications related to radiation. Also, the glass density, the atomic distances between Gd-Gd and Gd-Ce and the analysis of bonding formation process of Ce3+-doped gadolinium borosilicate glass are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) calculations based on extended density functional tight-binding method. The simulation findings and molecular orbital interactions are in good agreement with experimental results and the interaction of Gd-Gd and Gd-Ce bond within very short time even at the highest concentration of Gd2O3 (G5) offer to understand the glass scintillators (GS) and shielding properties for radiation applications.
EMHD flow of double stratified 3D-cobalt ferrite based Maxwell nanoliquid flow over an exponentially stretching surface
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Jain Pawan Kumar , Sangtani Virendra Swaroop , Singhal Vijay Kumar
Published: January 2025

This research work describes the laminar flow of a 3D Maxwell nanofluid Electro Magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Engine oil base fluid over an exponentially extending surface entrenched by the cobalt ferrite nanomaterial. Flow is promoted by thermal and solute stratification as well as non-Fourier heat flux perception. Cobalt ferrite nanomaterial have been discussed to scrutiny the flow patterns. Owing to narrow size distribution, consistent size, shape, the range of nanoparticles applications is rising rapidly and comprises Electronics, photodynamic therapy, therapeutic agent delivery, sensors, probes, catalysis, and diagnostics. This study also considers the effects of diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion. An appropriate transformation is applied to discretize the system of partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The Mathematica based Optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) is employed to explain these equations. Impact analysis on the temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles of an entrenched physical non-dimensional parameter are studied graphically and a comparative analysis is also argued with the existing literature. In this investigation, the Sherwood numbers, Nusselt number, and local friction coefficient are applied. The present work can also be viewed as a comprehensive effort covering several scientific and engineering disciplines. major conclusion of the study for E
1 = 0, the velocity profile decreases as relation with the magnetic parameter while as shown increasing behaviour for the dominating electric parameters. velocity profile falloffs for β
1 and M. Temperature profile declining for Pr, De1. Moreover boosted for β
1,, Ec, M, S* and Sc. Concentration profile losses for De2, Sc and Q* and while it shows an reversible performance for other staying physical parameters.
Research on non-volatile resistive switching characteristics of CsPbBr3 films fabricated by hot-air-flowing assisted strategy
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Zhao Xiaofeng , Ai Chunpeng , Fang Xin , Zhang Hongquan
Published: January 2025

Halide perovskites as emerging functional material have widespread applications in solar cells, lasers, photodetectors and resistive switching memory due to their preeminent properties. All-inorganic halide perovskites CsPbBr3 have shown great potential to deliver high performance devices due to their excellent stability compared with organic–inorganic hybrid counterpart. Although many advances have been made in film quality and device performance, CsPbBr3 films still face the problems of forming other phase structures or using toxic antisolvents in the preparation process. Here, we introduced a hot-air-flowing assisted strategy to regulate nucleation and crystal during the CsPbBr3 films development process. The experimental results demonstrate that the CsPbBr3 films with pure phase and densely packed crystalline grains can be obtained at a hot-air-flowing temperature of 180 °C. Subsequently, the resulting ITO/CsPbBr3/Al device exhibit non-volatile and reproducible bipolar resistance switching behavior with decent endurance (100 cycles), retention time (104 s) and storage window (>103). The formation of conductive filaments and trap-controlled space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) conduction mechanism were employed to interpret the resistance switching behavior. Such a hot-air-flowing assisted strategy offers the antisolvent-free and low-cost preparation method of CsPbBr3 films for resistive switching memory.
Unveiling the potential: iodide-infused nickel-enhanced MXene composite for high-performance sodium ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Desai Nakul , S C Gurumurthy , M P Shilpa , Sudhakar Y N , Shetty Vijeth R , M Selvakumar , R Waikar Maqsood , Sonkawade Rajendra G
Published: January 2025

2D-MXenes have gained much popularity for energy storage applications such as hybrid capacitors, and they have shown very competitive performance, especially as electrode materials for sodium ion hybrid capacitors. However, they suffer from various problems, such as morphology distortion and fast capacity fading, which results in the poor performance of the battery. As a result, researchers have focused more on MXene-based composite materials to address these issues. In this work, we report a sodium iodide and nickel-decorated MXene-based composite (Ti2C/Ni/NaI) material as an electrode for a sodium ion hybrid capacitor. Ti2C MXene and Ni were able to provide physical and mechanical strength, and iodine was able to produce redox activity. The composite had a rough surface with readily aggregated 2D-MXene sheets and was uniformly covered with Ni, Na, and I atoms. Several vibrational bands and peaks associated with Ti, Ni, Na, C and O in the Raman while XPS spectra confirmed the effective incorporation of dopants into the MXene sheets and successful synthesis of the Ti2C/Ni/NaI composite. The fabricated hybrid capacitor exhibited good capacity retention of 59% after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA g−1; thus, the Ti2C/Ni/NaI composite can be a promising electrode material for sodium-based hybrid capacitors.
Parkinson disease–associated toxic exposures selectively up-regulate vesicular glutamate transporter vGlut2 in a model of human cortical neurons
Authors: Clark Karis A. , White Andrew J. , Paslawski Wojciech , Alexander Kellianne D. , Peng Shaoning , Young-Pearse Tracy L. , Svenningsson Per , Selkoe Dennis J. , Ho Gary P. H.
Published: January 2025

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by both motor and cognitive features. Motor symptoms primarily involve midbrain dopaminergic neurons, while cognitive dysfunction involves cortical neurons. Environmental factors are important contributors to PD risk. In rodents, rare midbrain dopaminergic neurons that coexpress the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGlut2) are resistant to various toxins that induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration. However, it is unclear how, and with what degree of specificity, cortical glutamatergic neurons respond to PD-associated exposures with respect to vGlut2. Here, we found that vGlut2 in stem cell–derived human cortical-like glutamatergic neurons was up-regulated in a highly specific manner to certain PD-related chemicals, such as rotenone, but not others, such as paraquat. Further, exposure to recombinant preformed fibrils of alpha-synuclein (αS), a protein accumulating in PD, also increased vGlut2, while fibrils from non-PD-related proteins did not. This effect did not involve templated aggregation of endogenous αS. Finally, the knockdown of vGlut2 sensitized cortical neurons to rotenone, supporting a functional role in resilience. Thus, up-regulation of vGlut2 occurs in a highly selective manner in response to specific PD-associated exposures in a model of cortical glutamatergic neurons, a key cell type for understanding PD dementia.