bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traveling Chinatowns: Mobility of Urban Forms and Asia in Circulation
Authors: Eom Sujin
Published: October 2017

Moving beyond the actual and theoretical terminus of bounded cities, this article tracks routes by which particular urban forms and ideas have traveled through cities and intersected with the shifting dynamics of the political economy in the Asia Pacific region. It provides a comparative historical reading of Chinatowns that illuminates global interconnections as manifested in urban space while at the same time providing insight into specific social, historical, and geopolitical contexts integral to the travel of Chinatown. Thus, it argues that Chinatowns should be read not in isolation but as landscapes of global urbanism that tie together discrete geopolitical entities. Over the course of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Chinatowns transformed in nature from traditional, fixed, and static to modern, innovative, and utopian in the imaginations and practices that constituted modern cities. This reading of Chinatown as dynamic urban form has two purposes. First, it illustrates political-economic platforms that produce relations among cities in a shifting global context. Second, accounting for the multidimensional travel of Chinatowns reveals how Asia has been central to geopolitical imaginations of global capitalism.
Engineering photosynthesis: progress and perspectives
Authors: Orr Douglas J. , Pereira Auderlan M. , da Fonseca Pereira Paula , Pereira-Lima Ítalo A. , Zsögön Agustin , Araújo Wagner L.
Published: October 2017

Photosynthesis is the basis of primary productivity on the planet. Crop breeding has sustained steady improvements in yield to keep pace with population growth increases. Yet these advances have not resulted from improving the photosynthetic processper sebut rather of altering the way carbon is partitioned within the plant. Mounting evidence suggests that the rate at which crop yields can be boosted by traditional plant breeding approaches is wavering, and they may reach a “yield ceiling” in the foreseeable future. Further increases in yield will likely depend on the targeted manipulation of plant metabolism. Improving photosynthesis poses one such route, with simulations indicating it could have a significant transformative influence on enhancing crop productivity. Here, we summarize recent advances of alternative approaches for the manipulation and enhancement of photosynthesis and their possible application for crop improvement.
Formation of General Cultural Functional Literacy of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Петрашко О. , Petrashko O.
Published: October 2017

The article considers the possibility of formation of general cultural literacy by younger schoolchildren as an essential component of the functional literacy of modern school education and the planned result of training that meets the requirements of the state standard of the second generation. The reasons for the insufficiently high level of culture of the younger generation are discussed, the main ways of improving the process of the development of general cultural literacy of primary schoolchildren are proposed.
Formation of Financial Literacy of Younger Schoolchildren: What is the Price of Money?
Authors: Романова М. , Romanova M.
Published: October 2017

The article considers the actual in the modern context questions of the formation of primary financial literacy by younger schoolchildren: ideas about the financial possibilities and expenses of the family, the ability to properly manage money. The history of the origin of the words “money”, “coin”, “dime”, “kopeck”, “numismatics”, “obverse”, “reverse”, “gurt”, the appearance of money in Russia and images on Russian coins. Practical assignments are offered, in which schoolchildren learn to determine the obverse and reverse of coins, understand the purpose of the coin’s edge and the functions of the mint.
The Work of Primary Schoolchildren with a Route Sheet During Nature Tours
Authors: Рывкина Л. , Ryvkina L.
Published: October 2017

The article reveals the features of using the route sheet as one of the means ensuring the process of successful nature tour. Questions of a technique of acquaintance of younger schoolchildren with a route sheet, receptions of its creation are discussed. The tasks are considered, the fulfillment of which determines the effective preparation of schoolchildren for the independent use of a routing sheet in an unfamiliar area.
ECOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY: RISK FACTORS ANALYSIS
Authors: Даниленкова Валентина , Danilenkova Valentina
Published: October 2017

The article analyses external and internal ecological risks arising in the ecological educational environment of a university and influencing personality features of a student, such as stress resistance, adaptation, motivation, ecological literacy. The author analyses risks and conflicts by means of system approach, which includes SWOT analysis of risk factors as exemplified by the Marine Technical University
Vascular Ultrasonography: A Novel Method to Reduce Paracentesis Related Major Bleeding
Authors: Barsuk Jeffrey H. , Rosen Bradley T. , Cohen Elaine R. , Feinglass Joe , Ault Mark J.
Published: October 2017

Paracentesis is a core competency for hospitalists. Using ultrasound for fluid localization is standard practice and involves a low‐frequency probe. Experts recommend a “2‐probe technique,” which incorporates a high‐frequency ultrasound probe in addition to the low‐frequency probe to identify blood vessels within the intended needle path. Evidence is currently lacking to support this 2‐probe technique, so we performed a pre‐ to postintervention study to evaluate its effect on paracentesis‐related bleeding complications. From February 2010 to August 2011, procedures were performed using only low‐frequency probes (preintervention group), while the 2‐probe technique was used from September 2011 to February 2016 (postintervention group). A total of 5777 procedures were performed. Paracentesis‐related minor bleeding was similar between groups. Major bleeding was lower in the postintervention group (3 [0.3%], n = 1000 vs 4 [0.08%], n = 4777; P = .07). This clinically meaningful trend suggests that using the 2‐probe technique might prevent paracentesis‐related major bleeding.
Learning to Optimize via Information-Directed Sampling
Authors: Russo Daniel , Van Roy Benjamin
Published: October 2017

We propose information-directed sampling—a new approach to online optimization problems in which a decision maker must balance between exploration and exploitation while learning from partial feedback. Each action is sampled in a manner that minimizes the ratio between squared expected single-period regret and a measure of information gain: the mutual information between the optimal action and the next observation.

We establish an expected regret bound for information-directed sampling that applies across a very general class of models and scales with the entropy of the optimal action distribution. We illustrate through simple analytic examples how information-directed sampling accounts for kinds of information that alternative approaches do not adequately address and that this can lead to dramatic performance gains. For the widely studied Bernoulli, Gaussian, and linear bandit problems, we demonstrate state-of-the-art simulation performance.

The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1663 .
The use of modified foods and fluids in the management of dysphagia
Authors: Davies Robert , Bradley Elizabeth
Published: October 2017

Dysphagia is the medical term encompassing a range of difficulties associated with swallowing foods, fluids and saliva, which can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, increased length of hospital stay, aspiration pneumonia and potentially death. Dysphagia can be managed through modifying foods and fluids to make swallowing safer and to optimise nutrition and hydration. Alternative routes of nutrition and fluids can include tube feeding, risk-acknowledged feeding and comfort feeding. The suitability and appropriateness of these options should be considered especially for those who are receiving palliative care or end-of-life management.
Withstanding the Winds of Change? Literary Representations of the
Gulf War and Its Impacts on Saudi Society
Authors: Zahia Smail Salhi  , Abdullah Alfauzan
Published: October 2017

This article argues that the 1991 Gulf War had a deep transformative effect on
Saudi Arabia. It aims to analyze the extent to which this war brought about
major ideological changes to a society seemingly deemed unchangeable. Through
the study of three Saudi novels which drew on this war as a source of creative
and political inspiration, this study brings to life Saudi people's discussions,
dilemmas, and reactions to the crumbling of the edifice of Arab unity and the
emergence of “America” in its place as the “savior” from the evil of Saddam
Hussein. We contend that despite resistance from various conservative elements
of Saudi society, the winds of change brought by this war could not be resisted.
The novels under study skillfully portray the events of this war not as
battlefield accounts, but as accounts of a society wrestling with an
irresistible wind of change.
The culture of permadeath: Roguelikes and Terror Management Theory
Authors: Parker Rob
Published: October 2017

In this exploratory article, Rob Parker examines the function of permadeath in the roguelike subgenre of computer role-playing games (cRPGs) through the lens of Terror Management Theory (TMT). In doing so, he provides a broad history of the subgenre, with specific attention to providing a productive distinction between modern and traditional roguelikes that lies in how they handle permadeath. He suggests that this focus on permadeath is one of the primary motivating factors for the resilience of the roguelike community over time, and what the implications of those motivations might mean for other members of the gaming community.
Nutrient Condition of Kampar Big River Estuary: Distribution of N and P Concentrations Drifted by Tidal Bore ”Bono”
Authors: Wisha Ulung Jantama , Maslukah Lilik
Published: October 2017

Due to accelerated anthropogenic activity, a significant amount of pollutants has been directly or indirectly discharged into coastal estuaries of Kampar. Nutrient pollution along the river to the estuary that adversely affects coastal and estuary ecosystem mainly originates from inland such as industrial effluent, household, and agricultural waste as well as a naturally derived pollutant from biogeochemical cycle, which is controlled by the propagation of undular bore (Bono). The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental impact of distribution of nutrients caused by the mechanism of Bono. This research employed a purposive quantitative method, the concentration of dissolved phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia was analyzed using a spectrophotometer, tidal data retrieval was measured for 30 days’ near the estuarine area, while, current flow was measured for 24 hours’ measurement. Phosphate concentrations ranged from 0.02-0.1 mg.L-1, nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.76-5.73 mg.L-1, ammonia concentrations ranged from 0.2-0.41 mg.L-1, nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.001-0.03 mg.L-1. The tidal type is mixed tide prevailing semidiurnal with tidal range reach 4.2 m during spring tide condition. At the time of Bono propagate, drastically enhance the surface elevation and directly increase the drift of velocity with the flow direction from estuary into the river upstream, that mechanism affects the nutrient distribution in Kampar river. Keywords: Bono, Fluid dynamics, Nutrient distribution, Tidal bore, Water quality
A Presynaptic Function of Shank Protein inDrosophila
Authors: Wu Song , Gan Guangming , Zhang Zhiping , Sun Jie , Wang Qifu , Gao Zhongbao , Li Meixiang , Jin Shan , Huang Juan , Thomas Ulrich , Jiang Yong-hui , Li Yan , Tian Rui , Zhang Yong Q.
Published: October 2017

Human genetic studies support that loss-of-function mutations in theSH3 domain andankyrin repeat containing family proteins (SHANK1-3), the large synaptic scaffolding proteins enriched at the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses, are causative for autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. To better understand thein vivofunctions of Shank and facilitate dissection of neuropathology associated withSHANKmutations in human, we generated multiple mutations in theShankgene, the only member of the SHANK family inDrosophila melanogaster. Both male and femaleShanknull mutants were fully viable and fertile with no apparent morphological or developmental defects. Expression analysis revealed apparent enrichment of Shank in the neuropils of the CNS. Specifically, Shank coexpressed with another PSD scaffold protein, Homer, in the calyx of mushroom bodies in the brain. Consistent with high expression in mushroom body calyces,Shankmutants show an abnormal calyx structure and reduced olfactory acuity. These morphological and functional phenotypes were fully rescued by pan-neuronal reexpression of Shank, and only partially rescued by presynaptic but no rescue by postsynaptic reexpression of Shank. Our findings thus establish a previously unappreciated presynaptic function of Shank.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutations inSHANKfamily genes are causative for idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. To understand the neural function of Shank, a large scaffolding protein enriched at the postsynaptic densities, we examined the role ofDrosophilaShank in synapse development at the peripheral neuromuscular junctions and the central mushroom body calyx. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to its conventional postsynaptic function, Shank also acts presynaptically in synapse development in the brain. This study offers novel insights into the synaptic role of Shank.
The Gift
Authors: Metro Rosalie
Published: October 2017

In this autoethnographic essay, I explore the role that gift exchange has played in building and sustaining my relationships with informants during my ethnographic research in Burma and its borderlands. I argue that gift exchange is not a byproduct of research but instead an integral part of it. Using Marcel Mauss's (1925/1954) seminal text The Gift as a theoretical framework, I weigh the items I've given against those I've received, detailing the emotional and material effects of this “potlatch” on social hierarchies, personal obligations, and shifting identities. This attempt to reckon with the ethical dimension of gift exchange is an invitation to other researchers to share their stories of giving and receiving.
“A History of Man and His Desire”: Ferruccio Busoni and Faust
Authors: Knyt Erinn
Published: October 2017

Relying on knowledge of Karl Engel's edition of the Volksschauspiel, Karl Simrock's version of the puppet play, Gotthold Lessing's Faust fragments, and versions of the Faust legend by Christopher Marlowe and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, among others, Ferruccio Busoni crafted his own hybrid libretto that depicts a mystical and broadminded Faust. Busoni's music reflects the richness of Faust's mind, combining heterogeneous timbres, forms, and styles. Busoni juxtaposes a Gregorian Credo, Palestrina-style choral settings, a reformation hymn, a Baroque instrumental dance suite, an organ fantasia, recitatives, a lyrical ballad, and orchestral variations, with impressionistic symphonic writing, and experimental passages. While stylistic heterogeneity can be heard throughout many of his mature instrumental and vocal works, Busoni also used this heterogeneity in a descriptive way in Doktor Faust to characterize Faust.

At the same time, Busoni sought to write “a history of man and his desire” rather than of a man and the devil. It is Faust's own dark side, rather than the devil, that distracts him and prevents him from completing his greatest work. With Kaspar removed from the plot, Mephistopheles, who as spirit is not always distinct from Faust the man, becomes Faust's alter ego. This duality is expressed musically when Faust assumes Mephistopheles's characteristic intervals.

Although Busoni's incomplete Doktor Faust, BV 303, has already been studied by several scholars, including Antony Beaumont, Nancy Chamness, and Susan Fontaine, there is still no detailed analysis of Busoni's treatment of Faust. Through analyses of autobiographical connections, Busoni's early settings of Faustian characters, and the text and music in Doktor Faust, with special attention on the Wittenberg Tavern Scene that has no precedent among the versions of the Faust legend, this article reveals Busoni's vision of Faust as a broadminded, and yet conflicted character, shaped idiosyncratically to convey Busoni's personal artistic ideals. In so doing, the article not only contributes to ongoing discourse about Doktor Faust, but also expands knowledge about ways the Faust legend was interpreted and set musically in the early twentieth century through intertextual comparisons.
O conceito de escritura em Derrida e a gramatologia da sua época
Authors: Neto Moysés Pinto
Published: October 2017

O texto busca explorar a relação entre Da Gramatologia, de Jacques Derrida, e a ciência da sua época. Ele parte de três importantes obras lidas e citadas por Derrida como fontes da sua pesquisa em torno à escritura, Madeleine V-David, André Leroi-Gourhan e a compilação de um Colloque, para explicar o papel da escritura em si mesma no pensamento de Derrida enquanto um sinal do seu materialismo. Paratanto, em contraste com o uso ordinário do termo “escritura”, busca compreendê-la metonimicamente como inscrição sulcada no real, buscando a partir do debate interdisciplinar de Derrida entender as múltiplas dimensões pelas quais o problema foi pensado.
Apresentação precisões pós-estruturalistas
Authors: Madarasz Norman R.
Published: October 2017

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Measurement of flow velocity in different secondary settling tanks for analysis of the flow
Authors: Gregušová Veronika , Škultétyová Ivona , Holubec Michal
Published: October 2017

Settling tanks are essential parts of wastewater treatment process and their correct design is therefore crucial for its operation. Modeling of flow in these tanks is difficult, therefore it is necessary to find right tool to perform as precise work as possible. In this article flow velocity measurement in two different secondary settling tanks in Slovakia is presented. Rectangular settling tank in Dolný Kubín and radial settling tank with horizontal flow in Nižná nad Oravou were chosen for this purpose. Data gained from these measurement events will be used for building a model and followed by simulation. Additional data from operation of wastewater treatment plants are also used during the work.
Equivalent unique global and local initial imperfection - Imperfection in EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1999-1-1 Clause 5.3.2 (11) - calculation procedure and discovered obstacles
Authors: Brodniansky Ján
Published: October 2017

Equivalent unique global and local initial imperfection is introduced in standards EN 1993-1-1, EN 1999-1-1 in clause 5.3.2 (11) and in Slovak national annex to EN 1993-1-1 NB. 5. However approach described in these standards needs further explanation to fully understand its background to reduce possibility of causing errors. Equivalent unique global and local initial imperfection and derived equivalent unique global and local initial imperfection method is based on obtaining amplitude for structural buckling mode, which can be than used as full-sized imperfection in assessment of structures loaded by combination of axial compression forces and bending moments. Equivalent unique global and local initial imperfection was firstly used and introduced by prof. Eugen Chladný from Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The origin of this method was based on the need of assessment of upper chords of open-deck truss bridges. The main idea is described in detail by Prof. Eugen Chladný and Magdaléna Štujberová in paper in magazine Stahlbau vol. 82. Equivalent unique global and local initial imperfection method in mentioned standards and paper is designated for plane structures like simple structural members or frame structures. This paper examines in plane behavior of structures with presented imperfection and calculation procedure, which allows fast examination of many different types of plane structures.
Salt content analysis of historic masonries with SEM
Authors: Török Brigitta , Len Adél , Orbán Zoltán
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a nonstandard experimental procedure for detection of the presence of salts in building materials. The proposed tests helped modeling the deterioration of specific historical building materials caused by salts. The specimens were subject to visual survey and scanning electron microscope analyses, after submerging them in salt solutions. The results showed the damage of brick, cement based mortar and lime based mortar, caused by various concentrations of sulphate and chloride solutions. By this method various types of salt crystals could be identified. In cement and lime based mortars larger extents of salt deposits were found. A relevant difference between the control samples and the salt treated samples was observed.
A CONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM FRENTE À DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DE LESÕES NO COLO DO ÚTERO
Authors: De Oliveira Enderson Souza , Da Silva Ítala Fontes , Araújo Anne Jacob de Souza , Santos Milena Vaz Sampaio , Queiroz Paula Elis Sousa
Published: October 2017

Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero define-se como a replicação desordenada do epitélio de revestimento do útero. Essa neoplasia se não tratada e diagnosticada precocemente é responsável por milhões de óbitos todos os anos no Brasil. Objetivo: Mostrar a importância da consulta de enfermagem na prática do exame preventivo e na educação em saúde das mulheres. Método: Revisão bibliográfica, realizada a partir de buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, Scielo, além de manuais do Ministério da Saúde - MS e do Instituto Nacional do Câncer – INCA; foram identificados 12 artigos apropriados para o presente artigo. Resultados e Discussão: Foram elaboradas três categorias temáticas: Contextualizando o câncer do colo do útero; O Papilomavírus Humano como principal fator de risco; e Práticas educativas de enfermagem para a prevenção do câncer de colo do útero. Conclusão: O enfermeiro deve utilizar ferramentas de comunicação efetivas para estabelecer o foco na assistência integral à mulher, no momento da consulta ginecológica, constituindo um meio de promoção à saúde e prevenção de lesões no colo do útero através da realização do exame preventivo e das atividades de educação em saúde.
ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NO PUERPERIO
Authors: Gomes Gabriella Farias , Dos Santos Ana Paula Vidal
Published: October 2017

RESUMOA assistência à mulher no pós-parto imediato e nas primeiras semanas após o parto é de fundamental importância para a saúde materna e neonatal torna-se essencial a assistência de enfermagem qualificada, tendo como base a prevenção de complicações, o conforto emocional e físico do binômio mãe-filho. Objetivo: descrever e discutir a produção científica sobre a assistência de enfermagem à mulher no puerpério. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de abordagem qualitativa, com o objetivo de descrever e discutir a produção científica sobre a assistência de enfermagem à mulher no puerpério. A busca foi realizada no período de 10 de julho a 21 de agosto do ano corrente, através do acesso on-line nas bases de dados Lilacs e Scielo, utilizando-se palavras-chave dos descritores em Ciência da Saúde. Teve como critérios de Inclusão: artigos originais, na íntegra e em português, no período 2003 a 2015. Foram encontrados 108 artigos, desses, 64 estavam na integra, 53 não tratavam do tema estudado, assim, foram analisados 11 artigos. Embora o período puerperal seja de grande importância, observa-se na prática, que é pouco valorizado pelas mulheres, que após o parto mantém o olhar apenas para seu filho, não participando em geral da consulta de puerpério. É nessa consulta que as mulheres têm o acompanhamento fisiológico e psicossocial. Assim, percebe-se a necessidade de estudos que coloque o período puerperal em evidencia, divulgando sua importância, despertando o interesse das mulheres e incentivando o desenvolvimento de mais trabalhos relacionados com o tema, que é pouco abordado.Descritores: Enfermagem obstétrica, Período pós-parto, Assistência no puerpério.
RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES NOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM NO ÂMBITO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Oliveira Maira Matos , De Andrade Nina Vieira , Brock Jordana
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: verificar as repercussões dos riscos ocupacionais nos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em área hospitalar. Métodos: revisão integrativa entre os anos de 2010 a 2016, nas bases de dados SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF e IBECS. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicações em português, inglês e espanhol; artigos disponíveis na íntegra e gratuitos; publicações relacionadas ao objeto de estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram: Monografias, dissertações, teses; artigos de revisão, opinião e reflexão; artigos que se repetiram nas bases de dados; artigos que se referem aos profissionais da atenção básica; artigos que tratam dos demais profissionais de saúde. A análise do material foi feita através da Análise Temática de Bardin. Resultados: Após a leitura dos artigos emergiram três categorias: 1) Perfil epidemiológico da população estudada; 2) Repercussões do risco biológico para os profissionais de enfermagem; 3) Demais riscos e repercussões. Conclusão: A análise mostrou que a maneira como é organizado o trabalho de enfermagem a nível hospitalar bem como seu processo, são os maiores causadores de exposição a riscos ocupacionais aos trabalhadores, e como maior consequência dessa exposição está o adoecimento seja físico ou psíquico dos mesmos.
Scapegoat-Based Policy Making in Hungary
Authors: Kovarek Dániel , Róna Dániel , Hunyadi Bulcsú , Kreko Peter
Published: October 2017

The far-right has been widely studied in the last decades, but little attention has been paid to its local activities. Nonetheless, in countries without far-right national government records, like Hungary, this might be the only way to explore the aims and characteristics of the former parties. This study sets out to explore the activities and main policy initiatives of local far-right leadership in Hungary that are driven by ideological scapegoating mechanisms. The research this paper is based on employed qualitative techniques – in-depth interviews and content analysis of local sources – to grasp the patterns of the local governance of Jobbik. The main foci of the fieldwork-based research are the manifestations of enemy images and ideological scapegoating in the field of symbolic politics, Roma – non-Roma cohabitation, social policy, the public work scheme and public safety – fields where (Jobbik) mayors have substantial room for maneuver, and also areas to which the party’s ideological predisposition and scapegoating can be traced back. The paper also examines how local enemy images relate to national ones and to the political strategy of Jobbik during a period when the party underwent important changes such as moderation and de-radicalization, having lost their ownership of the migration issue and witnessed the government take over the monopoly on enemy images. The analysis reveals how Jobbik-mayors employ conscious strategies for enemy-making and scapegoating with respect to – chiefly, but not exclusively – the Roma population, and how this drives the policies they try to implement. The research also sheds light on the remarkable tension between ideological and pragmatic considerations, and on how the former limits the enforcement of scapegoat-based policies.
Effect of dentifrices containing sorbitol, combination of xylitol and sorbitol on salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in 14-15 year old children: a randomized trial
Authors: R. Shwetha , S. Vivek
Published: October 2017

Background: Xylitol, a naturally occurring sugar alcohol which cannot be fermented by oral microorganisms has been shown to reduce Streptococcus mutans levels in plaque and saliva and to markedly reduce tooth decay. Studies have proved that combination of xylitol and sorbitol added in chewing gum is more effective in reducing tooth decay compared to xylitol alone. Purpose of this double blinded, parallel, randomized trial was to compare the relative effect of sorbitol and combination of xylitol and sorbitol containing dentifrices on salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in a group of high school children.

Methods: Sixty school children with age group of 14-15 years were randomly allocated into 2 study groups (S-sorbitol containing dentifrice and X+S- Xylitol and Sorbitol containing dentifrice), with 32 participants in each group. Subjects were asked to use the experimental dentifrices twice daily for 3 months period. Resting whole saliva was collected at baseline, at the end of 1 month, 2 months and 3 months interval after the use of assigned dentifrice. Saliva samples were used for microbial analysis. Streptococcus mutans was cultured on Mitis salivarius bacitracin agar and Lactobacilli on Rogosa SL agars. Results were expressed in frequencies. Nonparametric tests namely Wilcoxons-signed rank test and Mann Whitney U test were used for testing the statistical significance. The level of significance was set at p=0.05.

Results: There was no significant difference in salivary Streptococcus mutans count amongst the two groups at baseline (p=0.271). There was no significant difference in counts of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli among the subjects in the sorbitol containing dentifrices (S) group at different time intervals of the study whereas there was significant reduction in counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus count among the subjects in the xylitol and sorbitol (X+S) containing dentifrices at all the time interval. At the end of 3rd month interval there was significantly low Streptococcous mutans and lactobacilli count for X+S group compared to S group with p<0.001 and p=0.02 respectively.  

Conclusions: The use of dentifrices containing combination of xylitol and sorbitol, twice daily showed significant antimicrobial properties against salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus by the end of 3 month compared to sorbitol containing dentifrice.
Clinical study of branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Kumar Sonali V.
Published: October 2017

Background: Many large case series about demographic characteristics and association of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with systemic diseases have been published in the western population. However this pattern of demographic characteristics in the developed countries may not be representative of epidemiology of disease in the developing countries because of the real paucity of reports from these areas. The study is therefore aimed at evaluating demographic characteristics, to identify the common systemic or ocular risk factors and common clinical presentation of BRVO patients.

Methods: Hundred consecutive newly diagnosed cases of BRVO were included in this study. A complete ophthalmic evaluation was done after obtaining informed consent. A complete history both ocular and medical with emphasis on hypertension, diabetes and symptoms concerning glaucoma were taken.

Results: Out of 100 patients 80 were males and 20 were females. Average age of total patients was 62. Commonest mode of presentation was diminution of vision in 80 patients followed by floaters in 10 patients. About 10 patients were asymptomatic at the time of presentation. Out of 100 patient 80 were hypertensives, 10 were diabetics and deranged lipid level was found in 38 patients. Raised imtraocular pressure (IOP) was found in 10 patients, shorter axial length in 40 and no other ocular association was found in 50 patients.  

Conclusions: From this study we conclude that it is a disease of elderly age group and hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, shorter axial length are associated risk factors in patients with BRVO and must be looked for in such cases.
Integrating mHealth into adolescent sexual and reproductive health promotion in Nigeria: prospects and barriers
Authors: Ihesie Chukwuemeka Austin , Chukwuogo Ogoamaka
Published: October 2017

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is a key public health issue because of its impact on health and development. Adolescent SRH is linked to available information which often determines sexual behaviours. The use of mobile phones for health (mHealth) has shown success in delivering health education and behaviour change interventions for young people for smoking cessation, nutrition and in SRH. This article explores the possible prospects and barriers to the use of mHealth for ASRH promotion in Nigeria. This paper reviews secondary data from international and local literature obtained from database search. A conceptual framework and an applicability and transferability (A&T) tool guided the analysis of ASRH issues and feasibility of mHealth use in ASRH in Nigeria.  The prospects of mHealth use for ASRH in Nigeria include the widespread coverage of mobile phone services and the acceptability of its use for health by Nigerian adolescents, unmet need in ASRH information provision and the similarity of some characteristics of Nigerian adolescents to other study populations where mHealth has been successfully used. Other prospects include the Nigerian government’s focus on ICT solutions and the availability of essential technical and organisational expertise for implementation. Possible barriers to the successful use of mHealth include poor funding for ASRH and inadequate information on implementation costs and cost-effectiveness which may make it difficult to present a business case. In conclusion, the use of mHealth in ASRH promotion in Nigeria is feasible and can be effective, however, measures must be taken to address specific barriers identified.
Health insurance enrollees’ satisfaction with health maintenance organizations and non-enrollees’ willingness to participate and pay for health insurance in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Oladipupo Obembe Oluwagbemiga , Lanre Abodunrin Olugbemiga , Oluwatosin Jegede S.
Published: October 2017

Background: The Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) which is shouldered with the responsibility of coordinating the activities of the Health Care Providers (HCP) to ensure good services are rendered to the insured enrollees have been reported to be failing in her responsibilities. This study was conducted to determine enrollees’ satisfaction with HMOs services and the willingness of the non-insured to participate in health insurance scheme in Abuja Metropolis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Health Insurance enrollees using systematic sampling method. Data were collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: This study revealed low satisfaction of enrollees with the services rendered by their HMOs as only a few above half of the study participants 115 (54.8%) reported to have been satisfied with the services received from the health insurance administration, their service providers and the HMOs in charge. Conclusions: Though Health Insurance is a proven way of achieving universal health coverage and Health for all populations, this study showed that enrollee’s dissatisfaction with HMOs services has continually being a hindrance to this key Alma-Ata Declaration. More knowledge among enrollees about the modus operandi of HMOs will help them demand for better services as a right.
Nutritional status of the elderly attending public polyclinics in Benghazi city, Libya
Authors: Nouh Faiza , Omar Mariam , Younis Manal , Younis Moftah
Published: October 2017

Background: Ageing brings various physiological and non physiological changes which influence the nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study extended from 1st December 2007 to 15th April 2008 on elderly of both sexes attending public polyclinics in Benghazi city. Results: 6.5% was the prevalence of malnutrition. 36.8% was the percentage of elderly at risk of malnutrition. Age, sex, occupation, income inadequacy to food, oral problems, dysphagia, constipation and dehydration, activity level, chronic disease, food intolerances and BMI all these factors were the various physiological and non-physiological factors associated with the nutritional status of the subjects. Conclusions: Outpatients elderly in Benghazi should be routinely screened and assessed if needed, for malnutrition or its risk.
Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence among men in a rural community of Oyo State, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Ajibola Idowu , Aderonke Olumide , Olatayo A. Aremu , Funmito O. Fehintola , Gbenga Popoola
Published: October 2017

Background: Perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) has continued unabated in many parts of the world including Nigeria with women being the victims in most instances. It is scientifically imperative to understand facilitating factors among men. This study examined the prevalence and the determinants of IPV practice among men in a rural community of Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 men in Eruwa community, Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. Two-staged cluster sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. A pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were obtained to assess the determinants of IPV practice.Results: Almost three-quarter (74%) of men had perpetrated one form of IPV or the other prior to the survey. Psychological IPV had the highest prevalence of 67.2%. At the bi-variate level, practice of IPV was significantly associated with respondents’ age (p=0.001), their educational status (p=0.001), employment status (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.001), duration of relationship (p=0.001), attitudes towards IPV perpetration (p=0.001) and age of partners (p=0.001). However, only respondents’ attitude towards IPV practice (OR; 3.10, 95% CI; 1.70-5.74) and their marital status (OR; 0.43, 95%CI; 0.27-0.70) were the significant predictors of IPV practice among the respondents.Conclusions:The burden of IPV is high among men. There is urgent need for policy formulation and implementation to curtail this public health challenge particularly among rural based men.
Assessment of burden among caregivers of cognitively impaired elderly, residing in an urban area of North Karnataka: a cross sectional study
Authors: Desai Sachin , Metgud Chandra S.
Published: October 2017

Background: The population of elderly is on the rise with estimates of 8.8%in urban area. Increase in the number of nuclear families, specially in the urban areas the elderly have been experiencing multiple morbidities, predominantly dementia and the burden associated with the caregivers of such elderly is enormous. Thus the study was undertaken to assess the burden of the caregivers of cognitively impaired elderly, residing in an urban area. Methods: It was a Cross sectional study in an Urban Health Centre, field practice area, of JN Medical College, KLE University, Belagavi of North Karnataka from 1st January to 31st December 2012. Among the 783 elderly, >60 years, assessed for cognitive impairment using Mini Mental State Examination/Hindi Mini Mental State Examination for literate /illiterate respectively, 55 elderly were cognitively impaired (MMSE/HMSE score<25). Caregivers of these 55 elderly who were permanent residents of the field practice area (Residing for one year with demented elderly) were interviewed using Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale(ZBI) to assess for emotional, financial, social burnout. Results: 22 (40.00%) Caregivers were males and 33 (60.00%) were females.07(12.73%) had studied up to primary school, 15 (27.27%) up to high school, 24 (43.64%) up to Pre-university degree 01(1.81%) had completed diploma and 8(14.55%) caregivers were graduates. 16 (29.09%) of them had a ZBI scale score between 21 to 40 (mild to moderate burden), 38 (69.09%) scored between 41 to 60 (Moderate to severe burden) and 1 (1.82%) scored between 61-88 and experienced severe burden. Conclusions: Majority 60.0% of the caregivers were women in the productive age group of 21-40 years. Had to take the dual responsibility of care-taking and working plus raising up their children. The caregivers of cognitively impaired elderly, majority of them experienced a lot of physical, emotional, psychological stress and strain. Maximum of the caregivers were over taxed with responsibilities and felt that all responsibility fell on one caregiver (dependence burden).
Assessment of mental health status among caregivers of persons with permanent disabilities attending rehabilitation centre in H. D. Kote taluk, Mysore district
Authors: Boralingiah Prakash , Baby Arun P. , Kulkarni Praveen
Published: October 2017

Background: People with disabilities have constant health needs for very long periods in their life. They may have limitations in the activities of daily living and communication abilities. Disability is highly demanding, requiring consistent care. The physical and psychological well-being of a caregiver is important for the well-being of the person receiving care. The objective of the study was to assess the mental health status of caregivers of persons with permanent disabilities.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out from July 2014 to December 2014. 100 caregivers of cases registered under “Chaithanya Vahani” programme by SVYM Hospital were selected for study. GHQ-28 questionnaire was used to in the structured proforma to assess mental health status of caregivers.Results: Mean age was found to be 38.25 years with 87 (87%) females and 13 (13%) males. Mean GHQ-28 score was found to be 8.09 with a standard deviation of ±4.85 which is quite higher than the cut off value of 4. 76% of caregivers had a score higher than the mean score indicating mental stress. Social impairment domain of GHQ-28 was found to be significantly associated with gender (p=0.009), age (p=0.009) and duration of care (p=0.008). Anxiety domain was significantly associated with duration of care (p=0.033) and severe depression domain was found to be associated with marital status (p=0.003).Conclusions: Association between mental health status of caregivers and gender, age, marital status and duration of care giving was found to be statistically significant. Psychological counselling is to be done at regular intervals for caregivers to help them in overcoming stress, anxiety and depression. Screening of caregivers should be done at regular intervals to detect any kind of mental distress at the earliest.
Traumatic avulsion of the globe and optic nerve in a road traffic accident
Authors: Verma Ritesh , Rathi Manisha , Sachdeva Sumit , Dhull C. S. , Phogat Jitender
Published: October 2017

Road traffic accident is one of the important causes of ocular trauma. There is a need for strict traffic rules in third world countries where a majority of people travel on two wheelers and that too without a helmet. People generally tend to over speed or try to fit in their children on a two wheeler in our country. In this case report, we present a case of complete avulsion of eye ball and optic nerve in a patient of a road traffic accident. There are no documented cases of avulsion of the globe and optic nerve due to a road traffic accident in the available literature.
Moving beyond the metabolic syndrome: syndrome Z in Indian subcontinent: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Mathur Akash , Gandhi Tanmay , Bajaj Aditya , Inamdar Anil H.
Published: October 2017

Conventionally the combination of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) has been described as syndrome Z. With the dawn of modern era while there has been a rapid upsurge in the incidence of syndrome Z there has also been a paradigm shift in its topographical distribution. Syndrome Z earlier a disease predominantly of the developed world is now rapidly acquiring the magnitude of an epidemic in the developing nations as well. Coexisting OSA and metabolic syndrome also have a synergistic impact in increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Hence, we present here a case report of syndrome Z and review of literature from the Indian subcontinent to essentially prime the physicians regarding this syndrome with significant social and economic impact, so that early health measures can be initiated to identify and treat the syndrome Z epidemic.
Functional outcome of an arthroscopic anatomical single bundle anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction using Semi-tendinosus graft with fixation using Endo-button on femoral side and Suture Disc on Tibial side- A prospective clinical study
Authors: Jagtap Vinod , Gorgile Namdev , Shah Yash , Rokade Vikas , Bartakke Girish
Published: October 2017

Background: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most frequent injuries of the knee during different sports activities. Arthroscopic surgical reconstruction is the current standard of care for treatment of ACL injuries in young and active patients. The widespread adoption of ACL reconstruction over primary repair was based on early perception of the limited healing capacity of the ACL. Hamstring tendon is most favoured graft for ACL reconstruction. We wanted to study the outcomes particular method of fixation for fixing the hamstring tendon.

Methods: In this study 30 patient with ACL injury were treated arthroscopically for the fixation of graft in bone tunnel we use endobutton for femur and suture disc for tibia as suspensor implant and prospective assessment of functional outcome using Tegner Lysholm knee scoring system.

Results: The preoperative activity level could be maintained in 70% of the patients. The Lysholm score showed very good and good results in 80%. Functional and stability results in about 70% of the patients.
Conclusions:This surgical technique can be recommended for the active patient with ACL deficiency. The functional outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadrupled semitendinosus tendon autograft using Endobutton and suture disc is good. This method of fixation will help the graft to facilitate graft tunnel healing and also maintain its strength until there is a good graft to bone healing occurs completely.
Multidetector CT arthrography in shoulder instability and its comparison with MR arthrography and arthroscopy
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Lodhi Jeetendra S. , Sabat Dhananjay , Sehrawat Rakesh , Gupta Deepak
Published: October 2017

Background: Purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic effectiveness of MDCT arthrography (MDCTA) in shoulder instability and pain in throwing and its comparison to MR arthrography (MRA) and arthroscopy taking arthroscopy as gold standard.

Methods: 20 patients with history of recurrent shoulder dislocation in activity were included in this study. After detailed clinical examination, each patient underwent MDCT-MR arthrography in one sitting followed by diagnostic arthroscopy within 6 weeks. Results were compared with the help of statistician.

Results: At arthroscopy, 10 Bankart’s lesions, 7 Hill Sachs lesion, 6 SLAP lesion, 1 ALPSA, 1 capsular laxity, 1 partial subscapularis tear and 1 supraspinatus fraying were visualized in 20 shoulders. For Bankart’s lesion MDCT has sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) 83.3%. MRA has sensitivity of 90%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 90.9%. For SLAP lesions sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for MDCTA and MRA are 88.3%, 100%, 100%, 93.3%. For Hill-Sachs lesion; sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for MDCTA are all 100% and for MRA they are 85.7%, 100%, 100%, 92.8% respectively. For ALPSA; sensitivity is 100%, specificity is 95%, PPV is 50% and NPV is 100% both for MDCTA and MRA. К value for MRA is 0.60 and for CTA is 0.55 suggesting moderate agreement.

Conclusions: Considering availability, cost, time consumption, superior detection of bony lesions and comparable detection of soft tissue lesions; MDCTA can be used as single investigation of choice in shoulder instability pain.