bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of multiphase nutrition on production performances of broilers
Authors: Tolimir N. , Peric L. , Milosevic N. , Bogdanovic V.
Published: April 2010

Multiphase broiler nutrition is important from the standpoint of nutrition optimization, economical efficiency of production and protection of the environment. Objective of research is to investigate the effect of multiphase nutiriton, i.e. different mixtures used in broiler nutrition, whse protein content has been reduced in several phases during first fattening stage, on production performances of broilers. Investigation was carried out on 608 individually tagged male chickens, Ross 308 strain, divided into 4 groups: T1 (control group) - nutrition with mixture containing 23% of protein from 1-21st day; T2 - nutrition with mixture containing 23% of protein from 1st to 7th day, and from 7th to 21st day diet containing 21.5% protein; T3 - nutrition with mixture containing 23% of protein from 1st to 14th day and from 14th to 21st day diet containing 21.5% protein and T4 - nutrition with mixture containing 23% of protein from 1st to 3rd day, from 4-6th day with 22.55% protein, 7-9th day with 22.10% protein, 10-12th day diet with 21.65% protein, 13 - 15th day with 21.20% protein, 16-18th day with 20.75% protein and 19th-21st day diet with 20.30% protein. Main production parameters were registered during the trial period (from 1 to 21st day).Through processing of obtained data it ewas established that chickens of the T4 group (2092.42g), had realized statistically significantly higher body mass compared to T2 (2025.00g) and T3 (2020.07g), but not in relation to control group T1 (2055.16g), during trial period of 42 days. Also, it can be concluded that in regard to daily gain in period up to 21st day, no statistically significant differences between trial groups were established, however, for the entire trial period, average daily gain of chickens in T4 group (48.84g) was statistically considerably higher compared to T2 (47.24g) and T3 (47.13g), whereas in relation to T1 no differences were established T1 (47.99). Feed conversion differed between groups, precisely in favor of the application of multiphase broiler nutrition, i.e. feed conversion of the trial group T4 (1.870) was the best compared to T1 (1.918), T2 (2.005) and T3 (1.970). Based on obtained results it can be concluded that multiphase nutrition had effect on production performances, primarily level of food utilization.
Behavior surveillance and oxygen consumption in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) exposed to sodium cyanide
Authors: Dube P.N. , Hosetti B.B.
Published: April 2010

Sodium cyanide, is highly contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a toxic pollutant, was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity on freshwater fish Labeo rohita. The toxicity tests were conducted by static renewal bioassay method on the juveniles of fish was evaluated. The LC50 value of sodium cyanide to Labeo rohita was found out to be 320 ?g l-1. One third (106 ?g l-1) and one fifth (64 ?g l-1) of the LC50 value was selected for sublethal studies. Behavioural patterns and oxygen consumption were observed in both (1/3rd and 1/5th) sublethal concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 15 days). Sodium cyanide is highly toxic to the animal tested. Fish behaved irregular, erratic, and dartic movements, by followed hyperexcitability, loss of balance, finally settles to the bottom of the test chamber. A decrease in oxygen consumption was observed in 1/3rd (11.62% and -4.52%) and 1/5th (9.11% and -2.82%) sublethal concentrations. Fish under sublethal concentration were found to be under stress but not fatal.
Management of fermentation process in ensilaged livestock feed
Authors: Dinic B. , Djordjevic N. , Andjelkovic B. , Sokolovic D. , Terzic D.
Published: April 2010

The control of fermentation process in ensilaged livestock feed is based on the knowledge of biomasses. The important aspects are the suitability for ensilaging (the content of fermentative carbohydrates and buffer capacity of the biomass), providing of the correct level of dry matter and anaerobic environment, wilting, using the chemical additives such as organic acids and their salts, using of biologic additives (inoculants), adsorption of mycotoxins, etc. In purpose of making the process of ensilaging of grasses, legumes and grass-legume mixes, the silages are prepared as bales or silo-tubes.
Government borrowing and the long-term interest rate: Application of an extended loanable funds model to the Slovak Republic
Authors: Hsing Yu
Published: April 2010

Extending the open-economy loanable funds model, this paper finds that more government borrowing as a percent of GDP leads to a higher government bond yield, that a higher real money market rate, a higher expected inflation rate, a higher EU government bond yield, or a decrease in the Slovak nominal effective exchange rate would increase the Slovak government bond yield, and that the positive coefficient of the percent change in real GDP is insignificant at the 10% level. When the standard closedeconomy or open-economy loanable funds model is considered, except that the positive coefficient of the ratio of the net capital inflow to GDP is insignificant at the 10% level, other results are similar.
Optimal auction mechanisms with private values
Authors: Trifunovic Dejan
Published: April 2010

This paper reviews equilibrium behavior in different auction mechanisms. We will deal with two types of open auctions, English and Dutch, and two types of sealed-bid auctions, first-price and second-price, when there is a single object for sale and bidders have private values. We show that under certain conditions all four auctions yield the same expected revenue to the seller, but once these assumptions are relaxed revenue equivalence does not hold. We will also study auctions by using standard tools from demand theory. Finally, we will analyze collusive behavior of bidders. The two goals that an auction mechanism has to achieve are efficient allocation and maximization of the seller's expected revenue.
Imperfect competition in the primary agricultural commodity market in Serbia
Authors: Parausic Vesna , Mihailovic Branko , Hamovic Vladana
Published: April 2010

Development of the primary agricultural production sector in the Republic of Serbia is predominantly restricted by a disorganized and inefficient market of purchase of primary agricultural products. The government should be held responsible for this, because its existing legislation and law-implementing instruments and institutions are failing to secure a healthy market economy. In the future the country will have to demonstrate systematic activity towards regulating and developing the agricultural commodity market, and provide an input for agricultural production. This only represents the first step, yet nevertheless it is the essential prerequisite for developing a competitive agricultural sector in Serbia.
Multivariant simulator for vacuum cooling processes of three component electrolyte systems
Authors: Suljkanovic Midhat , Jotanovic Milovan , Ahmetovic Elvis , Ibric Nidret
Published: April 2010

In this paper, a computer aided analysis and synthesis of the crystallization processes from multicomponent electrolyte systems were studied. In addition, the vacuum crystallization processes with adiabatic cooling of the system are presented. The cooling process of a multicomponent electrolyte system can be considered as a process with the concentration of the system and/or the crystallization of the solid phase from the system. Requirements for multivariant options of the process simulator are the result of practical needs in the design of new processes or the improvement of exploitation processes. According to this, there are needs for a simulation of a simple flashing of the system as well as for the vacuum cooling crystallization processes with the cyclic structure. The possibilities of the created process simulator are illustrated on three component electrolyte systems. Application of the process simulator for any other electrolyte systems requires only an update of the thermodynamic model, and physico-chemical properties related to electrolyte system.
Application of neutron activation in hydrometallurgical process of lead chloride extraction from boulangerit
Authors: Zovko Emira , Islamovic Safija
Published: April 2010

In this work, a neutron activation analysis for the identification of radiochemical elements in the ore concentrate of zone Vares, Bosnia and Hercegovina, has been applied. The possibility of dissolving ore concentrate from iron(III) chloride was examined. To follow the dissolving lead (II) sulphide yield from the ore concentrates, in addition to radioisotope labeling process, it is necessary to use a gravimetric analysis of the extracted lead(II) chloride. Based on kinetic measurements of dissolving concentrate efficiency it was observed that the optimum dissolving time was about 2 to 3 h, and that the one-time procedure can dissolve about 72?5% of marked components.
Preparation of microcapsules containing different contents of different kinds of oils by a segregative coacervation method and their characterization
Authors: Sovilj Verica , Milanovic Jadranka , Katona Jaroslav , Petrovic Lidija
Published: April 2010

Microencapsulation of different oils was performed using a segregative coacervation method. In order to microencapsulate, 20% oilin-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared in a continuous phase consisting of a 1% mixture of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) mass ratio (0.7/0.3) and various concentrations (0%, 0.35% and 1%) of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Various interactions between the components occur in the continuous phase of emulsions, which influence the structure and properties of the adsorption layer around the oil droplets. The formed HPMC/SDS complexes in the presence of NaCMC molecules undergo segregative phase separation and form a coacervate which adsorbs onto the oil droplets, forming the wall of the microcapsules. Sunflower oil, pumpkin seed oil and a mixture of sunflower and linseed oil were used as the core material. Microcapsules in the solid form were obtained by spray drying the emulsions. The stability of the emulsions, the particle size and particle size distribution of the emulsions and suspensions of microcapsules and the oil content of the microcapsules were determined. The influence of the oil kind on the properties of the microcapsules was also investigated. It was found that at 0.35 % SDS, a coacervate layer around the oil droplets forms a stabile, compact microcapsules wall, which prevents oil extraction. The kind of oil influences the properties of the emulsions and microcapsules, which is important in the selection of oils for microencapsulation by this method.
Exchange rate and trade balance: J-curve effect
Authors: Petrovic Pavle , Gligoric Mirjana
Published: April 2010

This paper shows that exchange rate depreciation in Serbia improves trade balance in the long run, while giving rise to a J-curve effect in the short run. These results add to the already existent empirical evidence for a diverse set of other economies. Both Johansen's and autoregressive distributed lag approach are respectively used giving similar long-run estimates showing that real depreciation improves trade balance. Corresponding errorcorrection models as well as impulse response functions indicate that, following currency depreciation, trade balance first deteriorates before it later improves, i.e. exhibiting the J-curve pattern. These results are relevant for policy making both in Serbia and in a number of other emerging Europe countries as they face major current account adjustments after BoP crises of 2009.
Insurability challenges under uncertainty: An attempt to use the artificial neural network for the prediction of losses from natural disasters
Authors: Jemli Rim , Chtourou Nouri , Feki Rochdi
Published: April 2010

The main difficulty for natural disaster insurance derives from the uncertainty of an event's damages. Insurers cannot precisely appreciate the weight of natural hazards because of risk dependences. Insurability under uncertainty first requires an accurate assessment of entire damages. Insured and insurers both win when premiums calculate risk properly. In such cases, coverage will be available and affordable. Using the artificial neural network - a technique rooted in artificial intelligence - insurers can predict annual natural disaster losses. There are many types of artificial neural network models. In this paper we use the multilayer perceptron neural network, the most accommodated to the prediction task. In fact, if we provide the natural disaster explanatory variables to the developed neural network, it calculates perfectly the potential annual losses for the studied country.
Neoliberalism: Befall or respite?
Authors: Josifidis Kosta , Losonc Alpar , Supic Novica
Published: April 2010

The authors of this argumentative article emphasize that the range of the current crisis cannot be depleted in the diagnosis which is based on cyclic consideration. It is both systematic and structural, which is derived from the genesis and the modus of neoliberalism, which has become dominant during the previous decades. Other than that, it is emphasized that the current crisis is 'great', because it forces relevant actors to face the structural characteristics of contemporary shareholder-capitalism. The crisis also puts to a test the self-reflection of the economic science which faces certain deficits. The authors believe that, given the tendencies in today's economy, there can be different scenarios for exiting the crisis and projecting a new modus of capitalism in the following period. Having in mind the openness of the present and the uncertainty of the future, the authors describe those scenarios without projecting which one of them will be dominant.
Morbidity and mortality of premature neonates after introduction of national in vitro fertilisation programme: Our experience
Authors: Spasojevic Slobodan , Konstantinidis Georgios , Doronjski Aleksandra
Published: April 2010

Introduction. Infertility occurs in approximately10% of couples and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is its most efficient treatment method. The National IVF Programme started in October 1st, 2006. Objective. Examination of morbidity and mortality of premature neonates conceived by IVF after initiation of the National IVF Programme. Methods. Retrospective analysis of history charts of IVF premature neonates treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Institute of Child and Youth Healthcare of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia, from March 1st, 2007 to March 1st, 2008. Results. Of 189 treated premature neonates, 25 (13.23%) were IVF conceived, with mean gestational age (GA) of 29.46?3.28 gestational weeks (GW), one-minute Apgar score 5.44?2.45, five-minute Apgar score 7.16?1.92 and birth weight (BW) 1299?484.35 g; from singleton 12 (48%), twin 10 (40%), and trigeminal 3 (12%) gestations. The largest number of neonates were of GA between 29 and 31.9 GW (12; 48%) and BW between 1500 and 2499 g (9; 36%). All of them were treated due to respiratory distress syndrome, complicated in 2 (8%) with air leak syndromes and in 4 (16%) with pulmonary haemorrhage. Congenital anomalies were detected in 2 (8%) and intracranial haemorrhage developed subsequently in 21 (84%) neonates. Lethal outcome occurred in 7 (28%) neonates, in all cases in lower gestation groups (<29 GW). Variable analysis showed significantly higher incidence of chorioamnionitis (p=0.0004) and lower GA (p~0.00), BW (p~0.00), one-minute Apgar score (p=0.0007) as well as significant difference in prophylactic surfactant application (p~0.00) and mean arterial pressure on admission (p=0.002). Conclusion. Morbidity and mortality of IVF premature neonates does not differ significantly from that of other premature neonates treated at NICU. Prematurity and low BW are important factors in pathology of these neonates and final outcome is influenced by perinatal asphyxia, risk of systemic infection, prophylactic surfactant application and arterial hypotension.
Evaluation of utilization of insured rights to preventive dental examinations in primary health care in the Republic of Serbia in the period 2003-2006
Authors: Gajic-Stevanovic Milena , Vuksa Ana , Teodorovic Nevenka , Zivkovic Slavoljub
Published: April 2010

Introduction. The dental health sector reform in Serbia has commenced in order to implement health policy changes. Assessment of legally regulated citizens rights to preventive dental examination, revision of those rights and their promotion are one of the dental health reform priorities. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess the utilization of preventive dental examination (PDE) in Serbia in 2006 among different subject groups and different districts and to analyze financial resources spent for those measures. Also, study aims were to compare the utilization of rights to preventive dental examination in Republic of Serbia in period between 2003-2006. Methods. The retrospective analytical study of Public Health Institute and Republican Statistical Office data were conducted. The comparative analytical method was used for assessment of preventive dental examinations within the given time frame from 2003 to 2006. Results. Results achieved in realization of PDE show a broad spectre of district discrepancies. The variation factor depending on preventive examination or population group it is related to varies from 26.73% to 90.88%. Conclusion. Realization of preventive dental examinations in the Republic of Serbia was significantly lower than projected in the period 2003-2006.
Unreduced elbow dislocation treated by Ilizarov method: A case report
Authors: Jovanovic Vesna , Vukasinovic Zoran , Seslija Igor
Published: April 2010

Introduction. Unreduced elbow dislocation is every elbow dislocation older than one week. It may be treated non-operatively (with prereduction traction) or surgically. The treatment goals are: to reduce pain, to establish joint stability and movements. There are a lot of techniques described in literature, series are relatively small, mostly case reports. Multicentric studies have not been done. That is why there are no precisely defined therapeutic protocols. Every contribution in the field is valuable. Case Outline. A 43-year-old patient was admitted for the treatment of a three-month old unreduced elbow dislocation. Treatment has been done by Ilizarov method, using the reduction mechanism. The reduction process lasted two weeks. The Ilizarov device was removed two months after the operation, then physical therapy was started. Normal anatomical and functional findings were established five months following the operation. Conclusion. The presented method of treatment has been found as very useful, having in mind that it may solve two problems: difficult reduction and redislocation. Reduction may be done without the joint opening, step by step; retention of the reduced joint may be easily done. Physical therapy may be started without Ilizarov device removal, movements of flexion and extension may be improved without any lateral instability. There is no iatrogenic intraarticular damage, so there are no secondary joint degeneration, pains and invalidity.
Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity of Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) complex compounds with aminothiazole acetate derivative
Authors: Alexandru Maria-Gabriela , Velickovic Tanja , Jitaru Ioana , Grguric-Sipka Sanja , Draghici Constantin
Published: April 2010

This paper presents the synthesis of complex compounds of type [M(L1)2], where M(II)= Cu (1), Co (2), Zn (3), L1=2-aminothiazole-4-acetate and [Mn(L1)2(H2O)] (4) using ethyl 2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl) acetate (L), and characterization by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibilities, IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and for [Mn(L1)2(H2O)] also by X-ray diffraction. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed on human cervix adenocarcinoma, HeLa cells. The antitumor selectivity was assessed using normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC as control.
Infuence of MHC on odour perception of 43 chemicals and body odour
Authors: Janeš Damjan , Klun Irena , Vidan-Jeras Blanka , Jeras Matjaž , Kreft Samo
Published: April 2010

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a large gene family that is found in most vertebrates and has an important influence on body odour preference and mate selection in animals. In this research we found, that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype is strongly connected with the strength and pleasantness of perceived odour of selected chemical compounds found in sweat. Among different chemical classes of compounds tested, the esters of fatty acids such as methyl undecanoate, methyl decanoate, methyl nonanoate, methyl octanoate and methyl hexanoate show strongest connection to HLA. On the other hand, our experiment did not confirm the connection of MHC to the perceived strength and pleasantness of body odour.
Broiler Response to Open Field Test in Early Ontogeny
Authors: Balážová Linda , Baranyiová Eva
Published: April 2010

The aim of this study was to observe the development of exploratory behaviour in growing broilers, i.e. their reaction to a novel environment (habituation) during the post-incubation period. Twelve males and twelve females of ROSS 308 line were kept from hatching until 42 days of age in separate pens, under identical husbandry conditions. To study their behaviour, we used the open-field test (OFT). Individual 10-min tests were initiated at the age of 3 days, and were repeated at weekly intervals, i.e. a total of 6 tests were carried out. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and Tukey post-hoc test. Broilers of both sexes were most active during the first OFT on day 3 after hatching. In male broilers, we found a significant decrease in all exploratory activities between the first and 2nd OFT; duration of their horizontal locomotor activity was reduced from 104 ± 51.86 s to 3.50 ± 3.50 s (p < 0.05), duration of visual orientation decreased from 327.50 ± 55.94 s to 125.00 ± 31.94 s (p < 0.001), and duration of vocalizations decreased from 412.50 ± 63.12 s to 90.00 ± 34.25 s (p < 0.001). In females, a significant decrease was observed betwen the first and 2nd OFT only in duration of horizontal locomotor activity that decreased from 234.25 ± 52.07 s to 14.25 ± 8.36 s (p < 0.001) and between the first and 3rd OFT in duration of vocalization (decreasing from 430.00 ± 66.30 s in 1st OFT to 60.00 ± 23.35 s; p < 0.001). On the other hand, a significant increase in duration of comfort behaviour was noted between the first and second OFT in both sexes (in males from 95.00 ± 40.76 s to 462.50 ± 38.81 s; p < 0.001; in females from 85.00 ± 31.73 s to 437.50 ± 67.74 s; p < 0.001). Changes in defecation numbers were not significant in either sex. Our findings show that the most profound changes in behaviour of broiler chickens occurred between the first and second OFT, that male broilers used visual orientation in the open field arena more than females in the first test, they vocalized less in the second test, and they seem to have habituated to the novel environment earlier than females.
Effect of T-2 and HT-2 Toxin during the Growing Period on Body Weight, Lipid Peroxide and Glutathione Redox Status of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Weber Mária , Balogh Krisztián , Fodor Judit , Erdélyi Márta , Ancsin Zsolt , Mézes Miklós
Published: April 2010

The effect of T-2 and HT-2 toxin using different doses in the starter (0-21 days: 1.04 mg T-2 toxin and 0.49 mg HT-2 toxin kg-1feed), and finisher diets (22-39 days: 0.12 mg T-2 toxin and 0.02 mg HT-2 toxin kg-1feed) was investigated in broiler chickens. Birds were divided into two groups fed with control and T-2 and HT-2 toxin contaminated diets. Pathological signs of toxicity were investigated on days 21 and 39 of the trial, individual liveweight was measured weekly. Five birds from each group were sacrificed on the 21st and 39th days of treatment, when blood plasma, red blood cell, liver and kidney samples were taken, in which malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione concentration and glutathione-peroxidase activity were determined. Pathological signs (lesions in the oral cavity and on the tongue, inflammation in the small intestine) were found in the group fed T-2 and HT-2 toxin contaminated feed on day 21 compared to control. Body weight was significantly lower as a result of feeding T-2 and HT-2 toxin contaminated diet. However, the contamination did not cause a significant increase of malondialdehyde content in the analysed tissues. Reduced glutathione content was significantly lower in the liver homogenate on day 39 than that of the control. Glutathione peroxidase activity also did not differ significantly in blood plasma, red blood cell haemolysates and kidney homogenates, while it was significantly higher in the liver homogenates of the mycotoxin-challenged birds. In conclusion, it can be stated that T-2 and HT-2 toxin exposure has long-term effects in broiler chickens.
Ventilation and Haemodynamic Indicators in Spontaneously Breathing Pigs under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Kobr Jiří , Kuntscher Vilém , Třeška Vladislav , Moláček Jiří , Vobruba Václav , Fremuth Jiří
Published: April 2010

The aim of this study was to obtain ventilation and haemodynamic data of healthy piglets under general anaesthesia for future patho-physiological experimental studies. A total of 34 domestic piglets of the Czech Black Pied (Přeštice) breed were used in the study. The animals (male to female ratio 8 : 9) were six weeks old and their average body mass was 22 kg. A general anaesthetic (fentanyl and azaperon) was introduced via a pulmonary artery catheter and the spontaneously breathing animals were monitored for 60 min. Cardiac output and haemodynamic indicators were established using intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution. Blood gas data were deduced using fan dynamic parameters of ventilation and ventilation indices. The study yielded reliable data of dynamic lung indicators (p < 0.05); e.g. the tidal volume 6.00 ± 0.82 ml/kg, hypoxemic index 350.47 ± 42.50 mmHg, lung compliance 0.63 ± 0.12 ml/cmH2O/kg, and haemodynamic indicators (p < 0.01) such as cardiac output 2.12 ± 0.75 l/min, pulmonary vascular resistance 3.92 ± 0.52 and systemic vascular resistance 15.8 ± 6.81 Woods units. Reliable data regarding lung dynamics, cardiac output, preload and afterload of both heart ventricles in spontaneously breathing healthy piglets under general anaesthesia were achieved.
Histological Changes in the Small Intestinal Epithelium in Fattening Pigs Fed Selected Feed Additives
Authors: Rekiel Anna , Bielecki Wojciech , Więcek Justyna , Kulisiewicz Józef
Published: April 2010

The production experiment was conducted on 48 fattener pigs fed complete diets supplemented with the antibiotic flavomycin (group C), the probiotic Bactocell® (Pedicoccus acidilactici, strain MA18/5M) at the amount of 0.01% in the first and second stage of fattening (group E1), and the prebiotic BIO-MOS® (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain 1026) at the amount of 0.1% in the first stage of fattening (group E2). Serial sections of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were prepared post mortem. Haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical (Ki-67, PCNA) staining procedures were performed. The effect of the feed additives on the morphological characteristics and proliferation capacity of small intestinal crypt epithelium varied when mitotic indices in groups were compared. In comparison with group C, the enterocytes were higher in group E2 in the jejunum (P ⪬ 0.01) and smaller in the ileum (P ⪬ 0.01). Administration of the Ki-67 antibody resulted in fewer positive reactions in the jejunum in group E1 than in group C (P ⪬ 0.01). Enterocyte proliferation in crypt epithelium decreased after the administration of the probiotic or the prebiotic vs. the antibiotic, but the absence of significant differences between the groups may suggest that these feed additives have no adverse effect on the mucosal epithelial cells.
Effect of Sodium Humate on the Content of Trace Elements in Organs of Weaned Piglets
Authors: Zralý Zdeněk , Písaříková Bohumila
Published: April 2010

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of a 21-day feeding of a diet with 1% inclusion of sodium humate (HNa) on the content of trace elements (copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, cobalt) in tissues of weaned piglets, their efficiency and biochemical indicators. Significantly lower content of manganese in livers (P< 0.01) and kidneys (P< 0.05) was detected in piglets fed the 1% HNa supplemented diet in comparison with control, non-treated animals. The concentrations of selenium in blood serum (P< 0.05) and muscular tissue (P< 0.01) were significantly lower in experimental animals. Significantly higher daily body weight gain was detected in experimental piglets compared to control animals (0.303 vs. 0.258 kg,P< 0.05) and the feed conversion rate was increased by 6.4% (1.60 vs. 1.71 kg). Increased concentrations of blood serum glucose, triacylglycerols (P< 0.01), calcium and iron (P< 0.05) were detected in experimental vs. control piglets. The results of the present study indicated that despite a positive effect, sodium humate caused a decrease in concentration of physiologically important manganese and selenium in the tissues.
Conglutinin - an Important Element of Natural Immunity in Ruminants (a Review)
Authors: Śliwa-Dominiak Joanna , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina , Deptuła Wiesław
Published: April 2010

Conglutinin represents a collectin appearing only in some mammals, including cattle. It plays an important role in resistance of hosts against microbes and parasites. It exhibits affinity toward saccharides present on the surface of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites and it mobilizes the mechanisms leading to their inactivation. It manifests also the unique ability of agglutinating complement- and antibody-coated erythrocytes. Moreover, it shows the ability to activate immune system cells, including the process of phagocytosis. In this review also the factors that determine the amount and activity of conglutinin in mammalian serum were presented, including environmental conditions and infectious agents, such as various types of bacteria and viruses. The broad scope of conglutinin is genetically controlled and, therefore, this collectin may constitute a useful and crucial factor in cattle husbandry.
Innovation of Surgical Correction of Rectal Prolapse in Sows
Authors: Čech Svatopluk , Jan Zbyněk , Malá Eva , Doležel Radovan
Published: April 2010

The aim of the work was to describe an alternative method of treatment of prolapsed rectum in the sows. This approach was used to treat rectal prolapse in four affected sows. A 23.5 cm long Gerlach's needle was used for sewing a circular suture around the base of prolapsed rectum. The horizontal U-suture was performed with a synthetic absorbable surgical fibre. Two fibres 25–30 cm long were placed into the needle eye, the needle was inserted under finger control into the rectal lumen and the prolapsed tissue was penetrated from the inside to the outside. Both ends of the first fibre were grasped by haemostatic forceps and fixed for the last stitch and the inner end of the second fibre was placed into the needle eye with the third fibre. Rectal tissue was penetrated in the same manner at the distance of 2–3 cm from the place of the first penetration. The first U-stitch was made by tying both ends of the second fibre after the needle removal. The inner end of the third fibre was placed into the needle eye with the fourth fibre and the procedure was repeated around the whole prolapse until the first fibre was reached and used for the last stitch. The prolapsed tissue was excised by a blade at the distance of approximately 2 cm from the suture. There was no haemorrhage due to ligation of the tissue. After placing the simple continuous catgut suture around the rectum, a spontaneous retraction of the stump occurred, and the purse-string suture was not required. This method is applicable in practice in sows suffering from large, oedematous and hard prolapse when simple reposition or use of another surgical correction is impossible. In addition, the method may be used also in other large animal species.
Expression of Claudin-7 Molecule in Canine Perianal GlandTumours
Authors: Jakab Csaba , Rusvai Miklós , Gálfi Péter , Kulka Janina
Published: April 2010

The present study evaluated the expression of claudin-7 in 10 intact perianal gland and 67 hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the canine perianal (hepatoid) gland. The results have shown intense typical membrane expression of claudin-7 in intact perianal glands, hyperplasia, adenoma, differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma of this gland. In intact glands, hyperplasias, adenomas of the hepatoid gland, normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic basal cells never expressed claudin-7 molecule. Epitheliomas of the hepatoid gland were negative for claudin-7 molecule. Intense membrane-bound claudin-7 immunoreactivity was found in well-differentiated carcinomas, in addition claudin-7 overexpression in poorly differentiated carcinomas of the canine hepatoid gland. Claudin-7 seems to be one of the integral constituents of tight junction structures of intact perianal gland. In addition, claudin-7 seems to be helpful in distinguishing well-differentiated carcinomas and poorly differentiated carcinomas from epitheliomas of the gland; and in distinguishing well-differentiated carcinomas from adenoma of the perianal gland.
Pod Yield Response of Two Runner Peanut Cultivars to Seeding Rate and Irrigation1
Authors: Tewolde H. , Black M. C. , Fernandez C. J. , Schubert A. M.
Published: April 2010

Yield responses of two runner peanut cultivars, GK-7 and Southern Runner (SR), to reduced seeding rates and irrigation were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. The cultivars were planted in single rows per bed at 8,12, and 22 seed/m2 with a vacuum precision planter and irrigated with a line source irrigation system that delivered irrigation ranging from none to more than an apparent optimum. Total rainfall between planting and digging was 261 mm in 1992 and 338 mm in 1993. Most of the rainfall occurred early with substantial runoff. GK-7 produced as much as 5400 kg/ha pods and SR produced as much as 4600 kg/ha when irrigation was not limiting in 1992. Yields were lower in 1993. There was no significant yield reduction due to reduced seeding rate for either cultivar at any irrigation level. Generally, a reduced seeding rate resulted in slightly higher pod yields. For GK-7, 8 seed/ m2 outyielded 22 seed/m2 by a maximum of 1129 kg/ha with 673-mm irrigation in 1992 and by 676 kg/ha with 587-mm irrigation in 1993. Pod yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased with irrigation up to a total of 535 mm in 1992 and 406 mm in 1993. Pod yield increased only slightly and WUE decreased with additional irrigation. No yield or grade advantage of low seeding rate with below-optimum irrigation was evident for either cultivar. When conditions were favorable for plant growth and sufficient time was available for lateformed pods to reach full maturity, plants of these runner cultivars compensated for low plant populations. Planting these and similar varieties at the traditionally high rates may, therefore, not be necessary for optimum pod yield when the growing conditions are similar to those of this study.
Influence of Flumioxazin Rate and Herbicide Combinations on Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Grey T. L. , Bridges D. C. , Eastin E. F. , MacDonald G. E.
Published: April 2010

Field studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998 at three different locations in Georgia to determine peanut and weed response to pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ai/ha applied preplantincorporated (PPI) followed by flumioxazin at 71, 87, and 105 g ai/ha applied preemergence (PRE). Other residual treatments combinations with pendimethalin PPI included flumioxazin mixed with metolachlor or dimethenamid PRE, diclosulam PRE, norflurazon PRE, and imazapic applied postemergence (POST). Herbicide combinations that included flumioxazin controlled Florida beggarweed, tropic croton, and small flower morningglory at least 78% or greater. Late season Florida beggarweed control was 90% or greater with pendimethalin PPI plus flumioxazin at 87 to 105 g/ha applied PRE. Pendimethalin plus flumioxazin did not control sicklepod or yellow nutsedge. Smallflower morningglory control with all herbicide treatments was 90% or greater. Entireleaf morningglory control (when used in combination with pendimethalin PPI) increased from 80% with flumioxazin at 105 g/ha to 90% for flumioxazin in combination with metolachlor. Yields were similar for flumioxazin, norflurazon, imazapic, and diclosulam treated peanut.
Technique to Screen Peanuts for Resistance to the Tobacco Armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under No-Choice Cage Conditions
Authors: Sharma H. C. , Pampapathy G. , Kumar R.
Published: April 2010

Peanut is an important oilseed crop in the semi-arid tropics. It is damaged by several insect species, of which tobacco armyworm, Spodoptera litura F., is one of the most damaging pests in South and Southeast Asia. Because of uncertainty of S. litura infestations under field conditions, we standardized a no-choice cage technique to screen germplasm and breeding material for resistance to this insect. The test plants were infested with different densities of first- and third-instar larvae at 15 d after seedling emergence. Maximum differences in leaf damage rating and percentage loss in plant biomass at 7 d after infestation between JL 24 and ICGV 86031 were observed when the plants were infested with 10 first-instar larvae per plant. When the plants were infested with third-instar larvae, damage evaluation at 48 hr after infestation showed the maximum differences between JL 24 and ICGV 86031. Larval weight was significantly lower on ICGV 86031 as compared to JL 24 at 10,15, and 20 larvae per plant. At 10 larvae per plant, ICGV 86031, GP-NC 343, and TMV 2 suffered less damage than JL 24. Larval weights in general were lower on FDRS 10 (except at 20 larvae per plant) and ICGV 86031 than on JL 24. Leaf damage rating was significantly and positively correlated with larval weight and loss in plant biomass. Fifteen-d-old peanut seedlings infested with 10 first- or third-instar larvae can be used to evaluate peanut germplasm and segregating breeding material for resistance to leaf defoliators such as S. litura.
Evaluation of Screening Procedures to Identify Peanut Resistance to Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus (PBNV)
Authors: Pensuk V. , Daengpluang N. , Wongkaew S. , Jogloy S. , Patanothai A.
Published: April 2010

Six peanut genotypes (ICGV 86388, IC 34, IC 10, JL 24, Khon Kaen 60-1, and Khon Kaen 4) were evaluated for reaction to peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) in the field and in the greenhouse in Thailand in 2000 and 2001. The objectives of this study were to (a) investigate if disease score or the area under the disease progress curve (ADPC) would be effective in identifying peanut genotypes resistant to PBNV, (b) determine the appropriate time for assessing PBNV resistance under field conditions by means of disease incidence, and (c) identify peanut genotypes having stable resistance to PBNV by considering their responses to mechanical inoculation and field infection. Results from natural infection by PBNV indicated that differences among the genotypes could be observed by 40 d, but not 30 d after sowing (DAS). Genotypes ICGV 86388, IC 34, and IC 10 had lower field disease incidence than JL 24, Khon Kaen 60-1, and Khon Kaen 4. The proportion of treatment mean square for disease incidence was highest at 50 or 60 DAS depending on the trial, indicating that assessment of disease incidence at these dates could best differentiate the reaction of these genotypes to PBNV. ADPC was an alternative to disease incidence for comparing genotypes affected by PBND in the field, as resistant and susceptible genotypes were readily identified. Mostly, a scoring based on disease severity did not facilitate identifying PBNV resistance in the genotypes used in this study. Greenhouse tests yielded similar results to field disease incidences, indicating the usefulness of greenhouse tests in identifying PBNV resistance. Genotypes ICGV 86388, IC 34, and IC 10 were identified as potential resistant sources for breeding for resistance to PBNV.
On-Farm Testing of the pnutGRO Crop Growth Model in Florida1
Authors: Gilbert R. A. , Boote K. J. , Bennett J. M.
Published: April 2010

pnutGRO is a peanut crop growth simulation model which calculates crop carbon, nitrogen and water balances at the process level. An on-farm evaluation of pnutGRO v1.02 was conducted at 15 field sites in two Florida counties during the 1990 and 1991 cropping seasons. Independent crop and soil data sets were collected to evaluate pnutGRO simulations. The accuracy of the pnutGRO simulations was affected by year and location. Sites where peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was grown in rotations following bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fleuge) (Levy County, 1990) had low disease pressure, high pod yields (5260 kg/ha), and the best model fit (pnutGRO simulations were within 9% of observed yield data). Sites where peanut followed other row crops often showed high infestation levels of root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] or stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) (Jackson County, 1991). This resulted in reduced pod yields (3260 kg/ha) and poorer model fit (pnutGRO simulations were 44% above observed yields). pnutGRO correctly predicted relative yield decreases due to drought. Overall, pnutGRO v1.02 appears to be most useful as a predictor of optimal peanut yield for specific cultivars under given soil and weather conditions. Inclusion of pest and disease damage functions would improve model accuracy for farms where biotic stress reduces potential peanut yield.
Molecular Iodine-Mediated α-Iodination of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Mphahlele Malose Jack
Published: April 2010

The electrophilic properties associated with iodine have been exploited in recent years to effect α-halogenation of carbonyl compounds and their α,β-unsaturated derivatives. In this review, molecular iodine is presented as a readily-available and easy-to-handle reagent to effect α-halogenation of carbonyl compounds in the presence or absence of catalysts.
Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins by the Three-Component Tandem Reaction of Phenylselenomagnesium Bromide, Acetylenic Sulfones and Allylic Bromides
Authors: Huang Bin , You Shengyong , Cai Mingzhong
Published: April 2010

Tetrasubstituted olefins containing a 1,4-diene structural unit can be regio- and stereoselectively synthesised in good yields under mild conditions, in one pot, by Michael addition of phenylselenomagnesium bromide to acetylenic sulfones, followed by coupling with allylic bromides.
α-N-Methyl/Phenyl Furan Derivatives as Dipolarophiles for Synthesis of Spiro Isoxazolidine Derivatives with α-Chloro and Simple Nitrones
Authors: Chakraborty Bhaskar , Sharma Prawin Kumar , Rai Neelam , Kafley Saurav , Chhetri Manjit
Published: April 2010

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of α-chloro and simple nitrones have been studied with novel α-N-methyl/phenyl furan derivatives as new dipolarophiles. The reactions are found to be highly regioselective to afford single 5-spiro isoxazolidines with high yield in a short reaction time.
Novel Entry into 5-Decarboxydibenzofurans via Smiles Rearrangement of the Lichen Para-Depside, Erythrin
Authors: Thadhani Vinitha M. , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Andersen Raymond J. , Karunaratne Veranja
Published: April 2010

Erythrin, isolated in 7.3% yield from the lichen Roccella montagnei, was converted via a Smiles rearrangement to a series of diphenyl ethers. Those with a free carboxylic acid at C-1 underwent a novel decarboxylative oxidative cyclisation in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 to produce 5-decarboxydibenzofurans. All compounds were assayed for their antioxidant and β-glucuronidase enzyme inhibitory activity.
An Efficient Palladium-Catalysed Amination of Aryl Chlorides in Presence of 1,3-bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)Imidazolinium Chloride
Authors: Shen Huafeng , Zhang Zhong-Ping , Li Jing-Hua
Published: April 2010

1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride (SIPr·HCl), a precursor for an N-heterocyclic carbene, was examined as a pro-ligand in C–N coupling reactions. Thus SIPr·HCl associated with a palladium catalyst was found to be efficient for the amination of aryl chlorides under mild conditions.
A Recyclable Heterogeneous Copper(II) Schiff Base Catalyst for the O-Arylation Reaction of Phenols with Aryl Halides
Authors: Islam Manirul , Mondal S. , Mondal P. , Roy A. S. , Mobarak M. , Hossain D.
Published: April 2010

Immobilisation of copper acetate onto a modified polystyrene provided a polymer-supported copper(II) Schiff base catalyst, which is effective in the O-arylation reaction of phenols with aryl halides to give diaryl ethers in high yields. This catalyst is air-stable and was recycled for five times with minimal loss of activity.
Status of knowledge and practice about complete tetanus toxoid immunization of unmarried female students of a public university in Dhaka
Authors: Tanjida S , Huq SM Ariful , Sudhira B , Nahida S
Published: April 2010

Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the level of knowledge and practice about tetanus toxoid immunization of a group students from a public university. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out on 113 female students randomly selected from Dhaka University. The interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 19.7±1.2 years (mean±SD). About 90% of the respondents knew about tetanus. Regarding age groups prone to develop tetanus, 49% respondents told ‘children <1 year', 26.5% ‘neonate', 14.7% ‘children of 1-5 years', 3.9% ‘children of 6-12 years', 5.8% ‘women of 15 years and above'. Respondents showed lack of knowledge about the target group for TT vaccination. None has mentioned about the necessity of TT immunization before the start of reproductive life. Regarding number of dose for complete vaccination 60% respondents mentioned ‘five', 10.9% ‘three' and 4.9% ‘two'. Twenty two percent (22.1%) of the respondents did not know. Over one-third (34.5%) of the respondents was found to be completely immunized, 24.8% on schedule, 17.7% incompletely immunized and 23% was not at all immunized. Respondents' source of knowledge about TT immunization was TV in 35% cases followed by health workers 24%, newspaper 16%, radio and other sources 25%. Among the nonvaccinated group 50% respondents told of their unawareness about need for vaccination against tetanus before the start of their reproductive life, 15.4% told about lack of information regarding of place and time of vaccination and 19.6% complained about inconvenience schedule and place of vaccination. Conclusions: More than two-thirds of the respondents had knowledge about tetanus toxoid immunization before the start of their reproductive life but only half of them were completely vaccinated. Mass media found to be the main source of information. So planners and policy-makers should utilize mass medium and gear up the activities of health workers to convey the correct massages regarding tetanus toxoid immunization to its clients. Key words: Female reproductive life; tetanus; TT immunization Knowledge; vaccination age. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v8i4.4707 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(4); October 2009 pp102-109