bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cianoacrilato na colagem de Bráquetes ortodônticos em resina acrílica: há maior adesão?
Authors: Correia Ayla Macyelle de Oliveira , Jóias Renata Pilli , Rode Sigmar de Mello , Repeke Carlos Eduardo , Mendonça Adriano Augusto de Melo , Paranhos Luiz Renato
Published: March 2016

Pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico apresentam restaurações provisórias com frequência. No entanto, poucos estudos avaliam a influência dos adesivos na resistência ao cisalhamento dos bráquetes nessas superfícies. A resina acrílica é comumente indicada para colagem de bráquetes, porém o uso do cianoacrilato como adesivo ortodôntico é uma opção analisada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do cianoacrilato associado aos materiais comumente utilizados para a fixação de bráquetes metálicos em restaurações provisórias de resina acrílica. Quarenta amostras em resina acrílica foram preparadas e as superfícies homogeinizadas com lixas de carboneto de silício (320 e 600). Em seguida, as amostras foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=10) com base no tratamento de superfície e agente de união: G1 - bráquetes colados com resina acrílica; G2 - bráquetes colados com resina acrílica e aplicação de cianoacrilato; G3 - bráquetes colados com Transbond(tm) XT; G4 - bráquetes colados com Transbond(tm) XT e aplicação de cianoacrilato. Foram utilizados bráquetes ortodônticos de aço inoxidável, prescrição Roth, Kirium (3M/Abzil) para incisivos centrais superiores direitos, slot 022. Após colagem, as amostras foram submetidas ao teste de cisalhamento a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min em uma máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC DL-1000). Os dados foram coletados e submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste ANOVA com nível de significância de 5%. A associação de resina acrílica ao cianoacrilato (G2) resultou na maior resistência ao cisalhamento (13,76 MPa), mas não significativa em comparação aos valores obtidos para a resina acrílica (G1= 7,76 MPa). O mesmo pôde ser observado para a associação Transbond(tm) XT e cianoacrilato (G4= 4,03 MPa) em relação a utilização da Transbond(tm) XT de forma isolada (G3= 3,87 MPa) e resina acrílica. O tratamento de superfície tem efeito significativo na resistência da união dos bráquetes colados aos materiais provisórios. A associação de cianoacrilato ao monômero de metilmetacrilato apresentou maior resistência ao cisalhamento, sendo mais indicada clinicamente.
Into the Clinic With Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab
Authors: Shu Catherine A. , Rizvi Naiyer A.
Published: March 2016

In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of nivolumab for treatment of squamous and nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pembrolizumab for use in patients with NSCLC tumors that express PD-L1. This commentary discusses issues with these two drugs relative to best practices and target populations.
Scour effects onp–ycurves for shallowly embedded piles in sand
Authors: Qi W. G. , Gao F. P. , Randolph M. F. , Lehane B. M.
Published: March 2016

Soil scour around a shallowly embedded pile can significantly compromise its lateral response, reducing both stiffness and capacity. Estimation of the lateral pile response must take into account both the scour-hole geometry and the overconsolidation effects on the remaining soil. A series of centrifuge model tests with various scour profiles were conducted at a scale of 1:250 to investigate the effects of both local and general scour on the response of a laterally loaded pile. Measured pile moment distributions and force–displacement data at the pile head were used to derive p–y curves quantifying the lateral pile–soil interaction. The p–y curves derived from various scour profiles were compared for equivalent depths below the new scour base, and below the original soil surface. For the general scour cases, the p–y curves for given depths below the post-scour surface are essentially identical to those at the same depths without scour. In contrast, for the local scour cases, the p–y response at a given depth below the scour-hole base is much stiffer than at the same depth below the original soil surface. As a practical approach to evaluate the effects of scour, the concept of an effective soil depth is introduced to determine the corresponding p–y curves for shallowly embedded piles in sand.
A FANCD2/FANCI-Associated Nuclease 1-Knockout Model Develops Karyomegalic Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: Airik Rannar , Schueler Markus , Airik Merlin , Cho Jang , Porath Jonathan D. , Mukherjee Elina , Sims-Lucas Sunder , Hildebrandt Friedhelm
Published: March 2016

Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis (KIN) is a chronic interstitial nephropathy characterized by tubulointerstitial nephritis and formation of enlarged nuclei in the kidneys and other tissues. We recently reported that recessive mutations in the gene encoding FANCD2/FANCI-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1) cause KIN in humans. FAN1 is a major component of the Fanconi anemia–related pathway of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. To study the pathogenesis of KIN, we generated a Fan1 knockout mouse model, with abrogation of Fan1 expression confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Challenging Fan1−/−
and wild-type mice with 20 mg/kg cisplatin caused AKI in both genotypes. In contrast, chronic injection of cisplatin at 2 mg/kg induced KIN that led to renal failure within 5 weeks in Fan1−/−
mice but not in wild-type mice. Cell culture studies showed decreased survival and reduced colony formation of Fan1−/−
mouse embryonic fibroblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared with wild-type counterparts in response to treatment with genotoxic agents, suggesting that FAN1 mutations cause chemosensitivity and bone marrow failure. Our data show that Fan1 is involved in the physiologic response of kidney tubular cells to DNA damage, which contributes to the pathogenesis of CKD. Moreover, Fan1−/−
mice provide a new model with which to study the pathomechanisms of CKD.
Non-Stationary Dynamic Factor Models for Large Datasets
Authors: Barigozzi Matteo , Lippi Marco , Luciani Matteo
Published: March 2016

We develop the econometric theory for Non-Stationary Dynamic Factor models for large panels of time series, with a particular focus on building estimators of impulse response functions to unexpected macroeconomic shocks. We derive conditions for consistent estimation of the model as both the cross-sectional size, n, and the time dimension, T, go to infinity, and whether or not cointegration is imposed. We also propose a new estimator for the non-stationary common factors, as well as an information criterion to determine the number of common trends. Finally, the numerical properties of our estimator are explored by means of a MonteCarlo exercise and of a real-data application, in which we study the effects of monetary policy and supply shocks on the US economy.
AutoCal: A software application for calibrating photometric data
Authors: Wium Daniël J. , Van Soelen Brian
Published: March 2016

We present a software application for the calibration of stellar magnitudes in the absence of standard stars. It uses an existing algorithm to match stars in the target’s field of view to catalogue entries and computes the average offset between the two sets of magnitudes using a weighted least-squares approach. This offset is used to calibrate the target’s instrumental magnitude. The software application was used to calibrate magnitudes for six Be/X-ray binary sources in the Small Magellanic Cloud and the results were compared with published results for these sources. Where comparisons were possible, our results agreed with those results within the uncertainties specified. Infrared variability was found for all six of the sources tested. The interactive outlier removal that was made possible by our software allowed for smaller uncertainties to be reported for our results.

The AutoCal software is openly available here: http://hdl.handle.net/11660/2382
Use and usefulness of measures of marine endemicity in South Africa
Authors: Griffiths Charles L. , Robinson Tamara B.
Published: March 2016

Numerous authors have cited numbers, or proportions, of endemic species within South(ern) African marine taxa, but comparisons between these statistics are confounded by differing definitions of regional boundaries and differences among data sets analysed. These have resulted in considerable variations in published endemicity data, even within the same taxonomic group. We tabulated and compared key endemicity statistics for regional marine taxa and explained biases in the data sets. The most comprehensive data sets available give overall marine endemicity within the national boundaries of South Africa as 28–33%, but estimates within individual taxa making up these totals vary enormously, from 0% (Aves, Mammalia) to over 90% (Polyplacophora). We also examined published data documenting localised endemicity patterns around the coastline. These consistently show the highest numbers of endemics occurring along the South Coast. There are logical biogeographical reasons to expect this trend, but endemicity rates are also inherently biased by distance from defined political boundaries and by differing sampling effort locally and in neighbouring countries. Range restriction is considered a better measure of conservation status than endemicity, although it is far less often used and yields very different patterns. Properly and consistently calculated measures of national endemicity do, however, retain significant conservation value, and the rates for South Africa marine biota are high relative to other regions globally, being exceeded only by New Zealand and Antarctica. It is important that when citing endemicity statistics, researchers and conservation managers understand the definitions used and the many constraints under which these measures are derived.
Acquiring Human Capital skills through Labour Migrancy: The case of Colonial Njombe District; 1900-1960s
Authors: Mgaya Edward
Published: March 2016

The migration of labourers to centres of mining, plantations and industrial production has been one of the most important demographic features of the African continent since its incorporation into the capitalist money economy. It is, however, surprisingly that the influence of this phenomenon on rural transformations remains largely unexplored as most of  studies have mostly addressed the negative consequences of labour migration pointing at the destructive nature of labour migration to the local communities. While not denying the detrimental impacts of labour migration, the paper integrates written and oral information to establish that such exclusive attribution of rural underdevelopment to labour migration was indeed a traditional way of viewing labour migration. Such views were mainly a result of over emphasis on just macro-economic cost-benefit analysis that economists have always considered and emphasized upon. This article, therefore, is an effort to go beyond such economic arena by considering the acquisition of human capital particularly linking labour migration with western education and the spread of the Swahili language. Drawing from transformational approaches, this article argues that knowledge and skills that Njombe migrant labourers got from different work places, imbued them with elements which knowingly or unknowingly became part of the instruments for the wider rural transformation.
Is Affordable Housing an Issue? A Case Study of Housing Stress among Middle-Income Group In Malaysia
Authors: Baqutayan Shadiya
Published: March 2016

Dwellers facing one housing problem typically face multiple risky housing circumstances that threaten an array of their outcomes. Experiencing multiple unfavourable housing issues can intensify the negative effects that such conditions have on the whole person’s physical, psychological, emotional, and cognitive development. This paper is a survey study, and it discusses the effect of some housing issues and conditions on dwellers’ psychological and emotional well-being. The purpose is to understand the effect of such problems, such as housing price, safety and security, housing quality, transportation, schools and economic development on dwellers’ stress level and emotional well-being. Simple random sampling was assigned to a large number of middle-income residents in Malaysia. The accumulated data were then analysed, and descriptive statistics were used to interpret and evaluate the prevalence of housing issues and housing stress. The findings of this study indicated that there is housing stress among middle-income groups caused by transportation, housing quality, and economic development that force dwellers to stay far from their workplace and to be unable to afford the moving cost. Hence, it is highly advisable for the governments and stakeholders to look comprehensively at these issues and tackle their consequences by emphasizing people’s need for affordable, liveable home standard.
Discurso planejado e discurso não-planejado: análise contrastiva de alguns aspectos do português oral
Authors: Decat Maria Beatriz Nascimento
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na análise de alguns aspectos da língua oral, através de discursos produzidos por professores de curso de Letras em duas situações: a de comversa espontânea e a de sala de aula. A análise procurou verificar, primeiro, se é possivel estabelecer para os dois tipos de discurso examinados em português as ditocomias planejado/não-planejado, formal/informal, (1979) e vários outros autores; em segundo lugar, se o português oral do Brasil revela as características de discurso não-planejado apontadas por vários autores. Para tanto, foram examinados os seguintes aspectos: coordenação e subordinação (incluindo tipos de orações subordinadas, relações semânticas entre proposições), mecanismos de coesão textual, elementos de transição, mecanismos de repetição e de substituição de itens lexicais (REPAIRS), mecanismos de distanciamento (detachment) tais como construção passiva e indeterminação de agente. Procurei mostrar que os discursos examinados apresentam uma mesclagem de características de ambos os polos, e que a diferença entre eles deverá ser estabelecida em termos de gradação.Abstract: In this paper I take as my field of analysis the oral language, as I analyze discourses produced by professors of the Department of letters of a Brazilian University. I developed a comparative analysis between the classroom language used by the leacher in his/her lectures and the language used by him/her in ordinary conversation, aiming at: a) verifying whether there is an opposition in terms of dichotomies such as formal/informal, or planned/unplanned, on basis of the characteristics listed by Ochs (1979) and Givón (1979), and by others scholars; b) verifying whether oral Brazilian Portuguese presents the characteristics of unplanned discourse pointed out by the authours chosen for discussion. In this analysis I examined the following aspects: coordination and subordination (including types of subordinate clauses, semantic relations between the propositions), textual cohesion devices, transitional elements, mechanisms of repetition and substitution of lexical items (REPAIRS), the (detachment) mechanisms (such as passive construction and agent indeterminacy). I aimed to point that the discourses examined presented a mixture of characteristics from both poles (planned/unplanned or formal/informal), and that the differences between them should be taken for establishing a gradation among various styles of speech.
O canto VI da Eneida, a descida aos infernos ou a prefiguração da história de Roma
Authors: Mafra Johnny José
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Este estudo faz uma leitura do Canto VI da Eneida, particularmente do episódio que narra o encontro de Enéias e Anquises nos Infernos e a fala profética do velho patriarca. Porque o poema virgiliano possui conotação histórica, pretende-se aqui mostrar seu valor como fonte da história romana. O poeta volta ao passado, buscando entre os troianos ilustres, como era tradição, as origens da gens romana. A par disso, também se apresenta a doutrina pitagórica e platônica da origem das almas e da metempsicose.Résumé: Cette écude fait une lecture du Chant VI de l' Enéide, spécialement de l' épisode qui raconte la rencontre d' Enée et Anchises dans les Enfers et le discours prophétique du vieux patriarche. C' est parce que le poème virgilen a une connotation historique, qu'on veut ici montrer sa valeur pour l' étude de l' histoire romaine. Le poète retourne au passé, à la recherche, entre les Troyens illustres, comme on pensait, des origines de la gens romana. On présente aussi la doctrine pythagorique et platonique de l'origine des âmes e de la métempsycose.
Maré
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Cláudio Vieira de
Published: March 2016

Maré por Luiz Clâudio Vieira de Oliveira
AVALIAÇÃO DE MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS: A PERCEPÇÃO DO MICRO E PEQUENO EMPRESÁRIO NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS SOBRE O VALOR DA EMPRESA
Authors: Fernandes Silva Maira Jessika , Ferreira da Cunha Moisés
Published: March 2016

Nesta pesquisa teve-se como objetivo identificar a percepção dos micro e pequenos empresários no Estado de Goiás sobre o valor da empresa. Para isso, aplicou-se um questionário a 33 micro e pequenos empresários na região metropolitana de Goiânia. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise descritiva e aplicaram-se as técnicas de Análise de Correspondência (Anacor) e de Análise de Homogeneidade (Homals). Conclui-se, por meio dos dados obtidos, que os micro e pequenos empresários, de modo geral, possuem uma noção equivocada sobre o valor da empresa se contraposta aos conceitos defendidos em pesquisas. Ficou evidente a necessidade de maior empenho dos órgãos de apoio às micro e pequenas empresas em orientar os empresários sobre o valor da empresa, a fim de melhorar o seu desempenho, visando criar e maximizar valor.

Palavras-chave: Micro e pequenas empresas. Avaliação de empresas. Valor.

 
CONEXÃO VISUAL E EMOCIONAL E A INTENÇÃO DE COMPRAR LINGERIE PARA MULHERES E A MODERAÇÃO DO SEU ESTADO CIVIL
Authors: Mendes Lübeck Rafael , Hopner Aline , Oliveira Santini Fernando , Capelli Martins Joao Paulo
Published: March 2016

O objetivo com este estudo foi analisar a relação entre a conexão visual (sensorial) e a conexão emocional dos consumidores com a intenção de comprar um produto feminino (roupas íntimas) e o efeito moderador do estado civil nessa relação. Para esse fim, um estudo quantitativo foi realizado com uma amostra por conveniência (n = 241), no qual os resultados foram analisados por modelagem de equações estruturais. Concluiu-se que a intenção de comprar lingerie para mulheres na amostra obtida ocorre pela conexão visual e emocional com o produto e que a relação entre conexão emocional e intenção de compra é moderada pelo estado civil da entrevistada.   

Palavras-chave: Conexão visual. Conexão emocional. Intenção de compra.
SENSIBILIDADE DAS POLÍTICAS MONETÁRIA, FISCAL E CAMBIAL NO COMBATE À INFLAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Garcia Costa Cássio Henrique , Campos Renato Silvério , De Castro Júnior Luiz Gonzaga
Published: March 2016

A atual forma de condução da política econômica brasileira tem como principal objetivo o controle inflacionário, sendo a taxa de juros o principal instrumento da política monetária utilizado pelo Banco Central para estabilizar a inflação em longo prazo. Diversos estudiosos têm debatido e investigado a eficácia da política monetária brasileira, seguindo a premissa de que aumentos na taxa Selic não seriam a forma mais eficaz de combate à inflação. Com o presente trabalho, visou-se determinar a sensibilidade das políticas fiscal, monetária e cambial no combate à inflação no Brasil, investigando empiricamente se a política monetária tem realmente o maior impacto no controle da inflação em longo prazo. Para isso, foi estimado um modelo de Vetores Correção de Erros (VEC). De acordo com os resultados,as principais variáveis que impactam a inflação em longo prazo são a dívida interna do setor público e o agerado monetário (M4). Também é alta a sensibilidade-câmbio da inflação. O Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) se mostrou pouco sensível em longo prazo a alterações na taxa Selic. Apesar de se apresentar como o principal instrumento de política na condução do regime de metas da inflação, alterações na taxa de juros não têm sido determinantes em longo prazo no controle inflacionário.

Palavras-chave: Sensibilidade. Inflação. Políticas. Brasil.
Engaging disenfranchised urban youth in humanities learning
Authors: Wishart Diane Jean , D'Elia Luis Alberto
Published: March 2016

Literature aimed at addressing ways to meet learning needs of disenfranchised students can be enhanced through the addition of case studies. International comparative approaches looking at the specifics of cases can also add to the literature on schooling for disenfranchised students. The purpose of our research was to elicit the perceptions of humanities educators in Spain and in Canada regarding enhancing opportunities to retain disenfranchised students in secondary schools. Our analysis was based on case studies and document analysis. For the purpose of this research, disenfranchised is defined as at-risk of leaving school prior to high school completion due to personal difficulties resulting from environmental conditions (such as poverty, family difficulties, drug addiction, and violent communities).
African Ways of Knowing and Pedagogy Revisited
Authors: Ngara Constantine
Published: March 2016

Whereas African ways of knowing have previously been ‘misunderstood, misinterpreted, ridiculed and ignored’ in colonial discourses, this paper situates debate on their relevance in defining the African personhood and pedagogy of liberation and progress in Africa. The paper is designed to inform educators of African students on the nature of the African paradigm of knowing to understand the African psyche. Although modern people (especially the African elite) tend to invest little faith in developing indigenous knowledges, this paper amply demonstrates that traditional ways of knowing (spirituality centered wisdom) continue to be relevant in modern life even beyond the African boundaries. The insights informing the paper were gleaned from several studies conducted by this researcher (and others) exploring the African paradigm from Shona and Ndebele cultures’ conceptions of giftedness. The paper recommends revisiting African traditional ways of knowing to harmonize the past with the present and establish the true basis for pedagogy of liberation and progress in Africa.
Is Hyper-Textual Learning A Challenge for Traditional Religious Education?
Authors: Sajjadi Seyed M.
Published: March 2016

One of the outcomes of the expansion and growth of information technology is the predominance of hyper-textual learning space and consequently the weakening of the role and place of texts in learning and education processes, especially in traditional religious education. Substituting hyper-textual learning space to texts-based learning can bring about some outcomes for the text-based religious education process. The present paper aims to study challenges and problems created by hyper-textual learning space for the traditional religious education process.
The “Equity Waltz” in Canada: Whiteness and the informal realities of racism in education
Authors: Carr Paul R.
Published: March 2016

Canada has long perceived itself to be a country in which multiculturalism, and a concomitant respect for diversity, is a unique and defining feature of its identity. Although Canada is a de facto multicultural country, owing to its rapidly evolving demography and the explicit notion of multiculturalism enshrined in its Constitution, there remains a plethora of problems and issues related to equity, diversity and human rights. This paper explores the context and impact of racism in education within a framework that acknowledges and critically positions the predominance of Whiteness. The salience of identity, therefore, is a primary consideration to understanding how marginalized groups face systemic barriers in education. The concluding analysis sheds light on the educational policy process, and focuses on the notion of accountability for anti-racism and social justice in education within a time of neoliberal reforms. The paper is critical of the lack of attention, resources and comprehensive plans in place to ensure that all students benefit from a more holistic education that includes a focus on social justice.
The internationalization of higher education in Brazil: A marketing policy
Authors: Dos Santos Aline Veiga , Guimarães-Iosif Ranilce Mascarenhas
Published: March 2016

This article discusses how the ongoing processes of globalization are creating educational policies that pertain to, or are deliberately attached to the internalization of higher education in Brazil. With that being the case, these policies have become predicated on market based agreements, and have thus become important components of the overall commercialization of education as a service that should be available to those who have the means to claim it. It is with this reality that education may no longer been seen as a fundamental human right, but as something that is available in the general market of global exchanges and transactions. The paper critically the important interplays of these and related issues, and weighs the neoliberal versions of education against possible systems of learning that afford people their social and citizenship rights.
The Construction of Full Citizenship in a Vision of the Brazilian Digital Inclusion in Education
Authors: Dos Santos Francisco Robert Ferreira , Teixera Ildefonso Rodrigues
Published: March 2016

This article discusses the importance of digital inclusion in the construction of citizenship. The central point when discussing social inequality is citizenship with impacts on the structure transformation present in society. The opportunities created by digital inclusion can transform the conditions of the individual, leading to the construction of citizenship from greater participation in political life and in public decisions. Digital inclusion can promote the participation of the individual in cyberspace which becomes the sphere for public debates and a space for State decisions. The critical use of techniques and information technology along with other actions which promotes equality can lead to the development of full citizenship and requires a new transformation in the meanings of work, responsible for occupation and social inclusion. Considering the adjustments for digital inclusion, social programs can go "beyond mere access" to computers and internet and changes and in the social space.
‘Freedom Songs’ in Selected Caribbean-Canadian Contexts: Retrospective Fragments
Authors: DePass Cecille
Published: March 2016

This article explores important variations in concepts of freedom and resistance for people in the English speaking Caribbean, who for the most part, still live in oppressive economic and social conditions. The article has a threefold purpose: Initially, it highlights the meaning of freedom in terms of the historical context of legally sanctioned enslavement of African people in the Caribbean which existed for several hundred years. Secondly, it identifies freedom in terms of Caribbean authors who deliberately publish in Creole as acts of resistance to empire’s dominance. Thirdly, the paper summarizes a few personal experiences of schooling and university teaching in terms of hooks’ (1994) concept of education ‘as the practice of freedom’ and a few classic concepts from Freire (1970, 1982).
Steelpan, Caribbean Identity and Culturally Relevant Adult Programs
Authors: Walrond Jean
Published: March 2016

The steelpan, a Caribbean percussion instrument forged out of resistance and rebellion, was introduced to Edmonton in the 1960s. Over the years, Caribbean heritage students have taken it to play for the school’s “Cultural Days” to let others experience some aspects of their culture. In this article, I recount some of their experiences. More importantly, like them I recognize its importance to their cultural and social development and assert that this instrument, which is germane to Caribbean people, can be incorporated into culturally relevant adult education programs for people of Caribbean heritage who are living in Canada. I conclude that because education had been a problematic issue for people of Caribbean heritage in Canada, frameworks that are trustworthy will have to ground any culturally relevant adult education programs. Throughout this article pseudonyms are used to maintain the research participants’ identities.
Is Participatory Action Research Relevant in the Canadian Workplace?
Authors: Khan Candy , Chovanec Donna
Published: March 2016

Participatory Action Research (PAR), with its emphasis on grassroots empowerment and local control, has a long history as the research method of choice for marginalized communities. However, unsettling questions remain about the nature of power and the promise of PAR as a truly participatory and empowering methodology. In this paper, we summarize the key theorists, principles, methodology, researcher’s role, strengths and limitations of traditional PAR. In the subsequent section, we review current critiques and revisions of PAR. Finally, Khan proposes an adjustment to PAR that reflects the strengths and limitations of PAR and the implications of applying PAR within the bounds of a capitalist social-economic structure.
Ubuntu: An African contribution to (re)search for/with a ‘humble togetherness’
Authors: Swanson Dalene M.
Published: March 2016

This article is a discussion in two parts. The first part addresses the Southern African indigenous philosophy of Ubuntu, providing it with a working definition and situating it within African epistemology and the socio-political contexts of its invocation. It raises critical concerns about Ubuntu’s embrace in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and its promulgation as an ideology within the nation-building project of post-apartheid South Africa. Such concerns are referenced with respect to Ubuntu’s formulation within the advocacies of cultural nationalism. Nevertheless, the discussion commits to perspectives of possibility towards disrupting neoliberalism and decolonizing hegemonic meanings, and advances a debate towards transformation and transcendence within a post-apartheid context.

The second part follows on from the arguments in the first part, which set the stage for a narrative journeying of a more personal nature. It offers a reflexive account of how Ubuntu was used as a guiding principle for engagement in fieldwork and the structuring of a qualitative research methodology. The narrative tone is somewhat different to that of the first part, which offers critical perspectives within a broad socio-political discussion. The second part moves from a national level to a local level. It locates more personal interactions and a search for a ‘humble togetherness’ within the context of a township school in South Africa. The article closes with a somewhat cautionary note on how a philosophy such as Ubuntu might be taken up in a political institutional forum that has unwanted implications, but it also advocates for Ubuntu in providing legitimizing spaces for transcendence of injustice and a more democratic, egalitarian and ethical engagement of human beings in relationship with each other. In this sense, Ubuntu offers hope and possibility in its contribution to human rights.
School Choice, School Culture and Social Justice: A Canadian Case Study
Authors: Ball David , Lund Darren
Published: March 2016

This paper reports on findings from a case study conducted in a public school offering multiple programs of choice. A guiding purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of operating multiple programs of choice in a single school setting on the organizational and lived culture of the school. The urban Alberta school under study offered alternative educational programs in science, Mandarin Immersion, special education and “regular” programs. Multiple methods of data collection followed an ethnographic approach, and included document and policy analysis, field observations, focus groups and semi-structured interviews with administrators, parents, teachers and students from each of the programs. The results reported here focus on related themes of equity and social justice related to analyses of school choice, attending specifically to participants’ understandings of power and privilege, with policy and practice implications. Themes included social class stratifications, marginalization within advantage, perceptions of disempowerment, fragmented school identity, limitations of choice programs, and perceptions of teaching staff quality.
The Penguin Revolution in Chile: Exploring Intergenerational Learning in Social Movements
Authors: Chovanec Donna M. , Benitez Alexandra
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we introduce the Penguin Revolution, a social movement of high school students in Chile who are protesting the neo-liberalization of education in their country. This new activism surprised many because of the marked decline in political mobilization witnessed over the past 18 years since the Pinochet dictatorship. Findings from an earlier study of the women’s movement in Arica, Chile bear important clues to understanding the re-emergence of social action in the current generation, particularly the role of intergenerational learning (Chovanec, 2006a, 2006b). First, previous generations of women had developed a strong critical social consciousness that did not disappear during the years of retreat from direct political engagement. Second, although social movements may be quiescent, there are mechanisms for quiet continuity that engage all three generations of women in the community. We argue for providing a deliberate political education to the younger generations by drawing on the radical educational potential of parents as organic intellectuals and the historical promise of political parties as political educators.
Organizational Commitment and its Relationship to Perceived Leadership Style in an Islamic School in a Large Urban Centre in Canada: Teachers' Perspectives
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Fathy , Da Costa José L.
Published: March 2016

Drawing on a theoretical orientation based on the moral perspective which maintains that the relationship between the leader and the followers is not one of power, but of sharing mutual needs, aspirations and values. This empirical mixed-method study focused on understanding the professional lives of teachers, particularly their organizational commitment in relation to the principal’s leadership style, in an Islamic School located in a large urban centre in Canada. Data were gathered using (a) individual semi-structured interviews with teachers and the principal of the school, (b) adaptations of Bass and Avolio’s Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (1996), and (c) an adaptation of Meyer and Smith’s Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1993). The findings from this study suggest a high level of teachers’ overall organizational commitment existed in the study site. Furthermore, it appears that it is more appropriate to consider the affective, continuance and normative manifestations of organizational commitment as components rather than types of organizational commitment.
Unhu/Ubuntu and Education for Reconciliation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hapanyengwi-Chemhuru Oswell , Shizha Edward
Published: March 2016

The paper examines the concept, strengths and shortcomings, role and implementation of the reconciliation policy as Zimbabwe emerged from periods of conflict crisis soon after independence in the 1980s, and the current crisis in the 2000s and how the policy can be introduced in schools through ‘education for reconciliation’. The authors argue that education can be used to cultivate reconciliation and national healing in the evidently ‘wounded’ people of Zimbabwe who bear scars of colonial times and war, and the post-independence conflicts. Reconciliation through education for “diversity” and tolerance makes a compelling argument in so far as we understand how education shapes culture and cultivates values among a people. Education for reconciliation is perceived as a philosophy that promotes respect for human life and human dignity. The paper concludes that education is an instrument for the inculcation and promotion of the epistemic and ontological principles enshrined in the African philosophy of Ubuntu/unhu.
Perspectivas en Pediatría. Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Humana en niños.
Authors: Zegarra Rojas Oswaldo
Published: March 2016

La infección por VIH en niños presenta un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas, desde formas asintomáticas hasta presentaciones severas que incluyen infecciones secundarias, alteraciones neurológicas y cáncer. Este estudio describe los criterios diagnósticos empleados en 24 niños con infección por VIH, atendidos en el Hospital Infantil de México, que se adscriben a los criterios diagnósticos propuestos por los Centros para el Control de Enfermedades (CDC) de los Estados Unidos.
Hepatitis alcohólica
Authors: LLOSA TEJADA Raúl
Published: March 2016

Hepatitis alcohólica (HA) es una entidad que forma parte de un conjunto de lesiones hepáticas producidas por la ingestión crónica de alcohol. Dichas lesiones son hígado graso, cirrosis, degeneración espumosa alcohólica (1), colestasis (2) (3), hepatitiscrónica (6), fibrosis y esclerosis perivenicular (4) (5), que en conjunto, configuran la llamada enfermedad hepática alcohólica (EHA).
El Hospital bajo la furia del Cólera
Authors: GONZALEZ DEL CARPIO Diego
Published: March 2016

En el quinquenio 86-90 en el consumo familiar de los peruanos se redujo en 70%, la miseria preparo el auge de sucesivas epidemias: malaria, dengue, y cólera. En la tercera semana de enero de 1991 el cólera arremetió de modo implacable en Piura, Chimbote, Chancay y el Callao. La pesadilla de enfermar y morir repentina o galopantemente, castigaba al pueblo peruano con mayor dramatismo que el desastre ocasionado por elFenómeno del Niño en 1983.
Insuficiencia renal aguda durante una epidemia de Cólera, experiencia del Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Dos de Mayo
Authors: SILVA Homero , LOPEZ Fausto , ALVARADO Ana , VALDEZ Guillermo
Published: March 2016

Se presenta la experiencia en el manejo de 33 pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) por el Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Dos de Mayo, durante la epidemia de cólera que afectó al Perú en 1991. Desde el 5 de febrero hasta el 15 de mayo, seatendieron 5341 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de cólera. De ellos, 2932 (55%) requirieron hospitalización y 33 de éstos (21 varones y 12 mujeres, con edades entre 24 y 75 años) presentaron IRA como complicación. Uno de los pacientes tuvo IRA prerenal (funcional), en los restantes 32 la IRA fue consecuencia de una severa depleción del volumen extracelular, producida por diarrea masiva. Las características clínicas y metabólicas relevantes en los pacientes portadores de NTA fueron: marcada hipotensión arterial; acidosis metabólica severa, más pronunciada que la correspondiente al grado de uremia ; hipopotasemia y finalmente, la corta duración del período oligúrico, comparado con el que suele observarse en NTA de otras etiologías. En el paciente con IRA pre-renal la restitución de la diuresis normal se logró con la sola administración de solución salina normal para reemplazar el déficit de volumen. De los 32 pacientes con insuficiencia renal intrínseca 25 respondieron al tratamiento conservador; 2 necesitaron diálisis y 5 fallecieron por complicaciones intercurrentes
Cólera
Authors: SEAS Carlos
Published: March 2016

Presentan los resultados de dos estudios que identifican factores de riesgo para adquirir cólera, durante una epidemia en Guinea en 1986. En la capital del país, el ingerir salsa de maní pero no de tomate, fue el único factor de riesgo; la naturaleza alcalina de estasalsa promovía el crecimiento de Vibrio cholerae 01, no así la acidez de la salsa de tomate. El lavado de manos con jabón, antes de los alimentos, confirió protección, sugiriendo que personas asintomáticas pero infectadas con cólera contaminan las salsas dejadas al medio ambiente. Otro estudio, realizado en pacientes que adquirieron cólera durante un funeral, la ingesta de arroz guardado, no recalentado, fue el factor de riesgo para enfermar. Los resultados sugieren que en esta epidemia muchos casos estánasociados con ingesta de alimentos cocidos, que posteriormente se contaminan dentro de la casa, al dejarlos al medio ambiente favoreciendo la multiplicación de bacterias. Esfuerzos futuros deben estar orientados a la identificación de alimentos de alto riesgo y al cambio en el comportamiento en relación con costumbres en el manejo de alimentos
Estudio de transmisión familiar en pacientes con Cólera en Lima 1991.
Authors: GOTUZZO Eduardo , SEAS Carlos , CABEZAS César , CARRILLO Carlos , RUIZ Rosa
Published: March 2016

Entre marzo y mayo de 1991, fueron evaluados clínicamente los familiares de 102 individuos con diarrea y aislamiento de Vibrio cholerae 01 en las heces, que fueron los primeros en presentar la enfermedad en el seno familiar, con la finalidad de evaluar las características epidemiológicas del cólera dentro de las familias. El 54% (55/102) de las familias presentaron casos secundarios (familiares con diarrea acuosa severa y shock o con diarrea como "agua de lavado de arroz") siendo éstos 91, de un total de 543familiares expuestos (16,8%). El 70% de los casos secundarios fueron menores de 30 años, el 87% adquirieron la enfermedad en los primeros 7 días después de los índices y el 48% fueron hospitalizados. Se reconoció como factores de riesgo para adquirir el cólera dentro de la familia, cuando se carecía de condiciones higiénicas apropiadas (21,4% vs 13,1%, p<0.025) y el ser mujer entre los 15 y 29 años de edad (20,8% vs 10,3% p<0.05).
Informática y Medicina: Una revisión desde la perspectiva de los médicos en el Perú.
Authors: CAMPOS Miguel
Published: March 2016

La interacción entre diversas disciplinas y la Medicina ha sido siempre un campo de fértil desarrollo en Ciencia y Tecnología. Uno de los casos en donde esa interacción se ha dado con especial fuerza es el vinculado al desarrollo de los computadores electrónicos, un campo que ha recibido diversos nombres (Computación, Informática, Ciencia de los Computadores, Tecnología de la Información, etc), y, basándose en ideas que empezaron con el primer ser humano, creció muy rápidamente desde mediados del presente siglo hasta abarcar una parte importante e insospechada de la vida de las personas.
Lactancia materna exclusiva en hijos de madres tuberculosas.
Authors: DOCUMET Patricia , ACCINELLI Roberto , CARAVEDO Luis
Published: March 2016

En el Hospital Cayetano Heredia de Lima, Perú, se estudio prospectivamente a 28 hijos de madres tuberculosis entre 1983 y 1988. Los niños recibieron isoniacida10 mg/ kg/ día por 6 meses y se les puso PPD cada 3 meses. El peso promedio al nacimiento fue 3075 gr; fueron pesados y tallados mensualmente. Veintiséis fueron exclusivamente amamantadas, manteniendo el peso y la talla para la edad cercanos al 50 percentil del NCND. Se resistróel perímetro braquial materno cada mes y el promedio estuvo por debajo del 50 percentil /83%), sin disminuir durante la lactancia. Los niños que recibieron lactancia presentaron PPD negativo a los 6 meses. En conclusión, loa hijos de madres tuberculosas exclusivamente amamantados, recibiendo quimioprofilaxis, pueden crecer normalmente sin contagiarse ni exponerse al riesgo de desnutrición, enfermedades y muerte que trae la alimentación artificial, con gran ahorro para las familias y las naciones.
La salud pública en el mundo actual.
Authors: SOTELO J. Manuel
Published: March 2016

La meta social de Salud para todos, adoptada por los gobiernos del mundo representa un conjunto de valores fundamentales para contribuir al desarrollo. Las apreciaciones a las que me voy a referir les ruego las tomen en relación al convencimiento de que la salud puede contribuir al desarrollo, es parte de él y se identifica con el bienestar.
Inhalación accidental de gas paralizante
Authors: Rey de Castro Jorge
Published: March 2016

Carta al Editor: Una mujer asmática de 24 años en terapia regular con broncodilatadores en aerosol, y su acompañante también asmático visitan un restaurante. El se retira momentáneamente de la mesa y deja sobre la misma, llaves y un dispositivo que pareceser inhalador dosificado. La dama lo toma, pretende leer las instrucciones que estaban en alemán y asocia la única palabra que encuentra familiar al nombre comercial de su aerosol, se lo lleva a la boca y lo inhala. Inmediatamente siente interrupción de la ventilación, ardor intenso en la boca y área retroesternal, lagrimeo profuso y ardor ocular. Su acompañante describió edema facial y cianosis generalizada. Esta sintomatología disminuye rápidamente y quince minutos después al ser evaluada en un servicio de emergencia se le encontró francamente recuperada y con leve broncoespasmo. La paciente refirió sensación de muerte inminente. Evolucionó satisfactoriamente con teofilina anhidra y salbutamol en aerosol dosificado. El aerosol que ella se administró por error es un artículo para defensa personal de fabricaciónalemana que contiene un gas irritante y paralizante (orthoclorobencylidenmalo-nitril).Una de las recomendaciones señala que la sustancia no debe ser utilizada a menos del 1 metro de distancia.
Estudio comparativo de atención de pacientes mayores y menores de 60 años
Authors: VARELA Luis , CARCELEN Amador , MANRIQUE DE LARA Guillermo
Published: March 2016

Presentamos un estudio comparativo sobre la demanda de atención en los diferentes servicios de medicina: consulta externa, hospitalización, emergencia, del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) entre la población de mayores y menores de 60años desde 1985 a 1990. Se hospitalizaron 5823 pacientes, correspondiendo 1769 pacientes (30%) al grupo de mayores de 60 años. La frecuencia relativa de hospitalización fue 6 veces mayor en el grupo de mayores de 65 años que en el de 14-64 años. En los de mayores de 60 años, sin considerar los fallecidos, el promedio de hospitalización fue mayor. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (290.78%) y cerebrovasculares (12.79%) fueron significativamente más frecuentes en el grupo de mayores de 60 años fue de 16.6% mientras que en el de menores de 60 años de 7.4%, (p<0.05). La mortalidad en mayores de 60 años fue mayor en hombres que en las mujeres. La frecuencia relativa de atención en consulta externa en los mayores de 65 años fue 2 veces mayor en relación a la población de 14-64 años. Y la tasa de retorno aconsulta externa en la población geriátrica fue significativamente mayor.
Síndrome de Rett. Descripción de dos casos
Authors: CAMPOS Patricia , MICHELENA María , BANCALARI Ernesto
Published: March 2016

El Síndrome de Rett (SR) fue descrito inicialmente en 1966 por Andreas Rett. Comprende una involución mental progresiva de inicio antes de los dos años acompañada de pérdida de contacto social y movimientos estereotipados de las manos, apraxia /ataxia de la marcha y crisis de hiperventilación, presentándose exclusivamente en mujeres (1).