bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Examination of Ballistic System Subjected to IED Explosion
Authors: Dybcio Paweł , Barnat Wiesław
Published: November 2014

This article presents results of experimental validation of complex phenomenon of blast wave and fragment impact on protective panel. Protective panel was made of HTK900K steel and Dyneema HB50 polyethylene. Standard level 1 IED surrogate was used. Test was conducted with regards to NATO STANAG 4569 and NATO AEP 55 standardizations. Computational analysis was performed using LS-DYNA code using explicit time integration scheme. Properties of steel, polyethylene and glue were obtained during laboratory tests. Steel was modeled using simplified Johnson-Cook model whereas polyethylene was modeled as composite material. Both blast wave and fragment impact was implemented in simulation. Good agreement between experimental and numerical data was obtained.
The Influence of the Ferrite and Pearlite Grain Size on the S-N Fatigue Characteristics of Steel
Authors: Kamiński Sebastian , Szymaniec Marcel , Łagoda Tadeusz
Published: November 2014

In this work an investigation of internal structure influence on mechanical and fatigue properties of ferritic-pearlitic steels is shown. Ferrite grain size and phase volume fraction of three grades of structural steel with similar chemical composition, but different mechanical properties, were examined. Afterwards, samples of the materials were subjected to cyclic bending tests. The results and conclusions are presented in this paper
Fatigue Life of CrMoV Steel after Long Term Service
Authors: Mroziński Stanisław , Golański Grzegorz , Słania Jacek
Published: November 2014

The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 12HMF steel after long-term service. The investigated material was taken from a pipe after service at the temperature of 490°C, steam pressure of 8 MPa and service time of 419 988 hours. Performed research has shown that the 12HMF steel after service was characterized by ferritic-bainitic microstructure without any visible advanced processes of its degradation, a typical microstructure for this grade of steel. The tests of mechanical properties have proved that the examined steel after service was characterized by very low impact strength KV, and yield strength lower than the required minimum. Performed fatigue tests of constant amplitude, as well as the programmed ones, have shown that the investigated steel after service is characterized by cyclic softening without a clear period of stabilization of the parameters of hysteresis loop. Moreover, it has been proved that slight changes in the hysteresis loop parameters, as a function of the number of stress cycles, have a significant influence on the obtained material data used when calculating the life.
Formulation of a Direct Spectral Method for Counting of Cycles for Bi-Modal Stress History
Authors: Kozien Marek Stanislaw , Smolarski Dariusz
Published: November 2014

Vibrations of engineering structures are described usually by functions variable in time domain (displacements, stress). For real structures modes of vibrations existing in response of structure due to external excitation are determined by exciting frequency and the natural frequencies of the structure. In the paper, the general idea of method of stress cycle counting, based on the FFT analysis of the stress function response is discussed and compared with the rain-flow cycle counting method, for the case of bi-modal spectrum.
Analysis of Size Effect in High-Cycle Fatigue for EN AW-6063
Authors: Tomaszewski Tomasz , Sempruch Janusz
Published: November 2014

Any changes in specimen size in relation to the reference dimensions involve scaling inaccuracies resulting in the variances in strength testing (monotonic, fatigue) results. It is referred to as a size effect. The size effect is described using a cross-sectional coefficient determined for various specimen sizes and test types. The analysed material is aluminium alloy EN AW-6063 T6 with a cross-sectional area of 28, 7 and 3.5 mm2.
Research on the Dependence between the Fatigue Life of X20CrMoV12.1 and P91 Steels under the Conditions of the Interactions of Thermo-Mechanical and Isothermal Low-Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Marek Anżelina , Okrajni Jerzy , Junak Grzegorz , Twardawa Mariusz
Published: November 2014

The paper presents the correlation between fatigue life determined under the conditions of low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF). Fatigue life values computed using own parameter P and results obtained based on the author’s own research and literature from the publications have been shown. The tests LCF and TMF have been performed for steels used for devices operated in the power engineering industry under the conditions of variable mechanical and thermal interactions X20CrMoV12.1 and P91.
Why they don't understand?
Authors: Ceccarelli Roberta
Published: December 2014

On a daily basis, we are involved in communication processes with colleagues, family members, friends and, in health environment, with patients. In most cases, we do not ask ourselves how these processes happen, neither we care for the effects on the person we are talking to. Usually, in fact, the consequences of what we say coincide with our expectations and, when this does not happen, we do not even try to understand why. For example, when we give a friend directions to our home, we do expect him to arrive. If this event does not occur, it is very likely that we will draw the following conclusion: he got lost!. In most cases, then, we do not care about the effects our words have on the others, that is to say, we do not care if our communication was effective or not.The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place - George Bernard Shaw This article aims to show when an effective communication is performed, both in general and in the patient-physician interaction. In a brief premise, we will describe the elements of communication, then the barriers to an effective communication will be considered together with their effects. Finally, some suggestions for making our communication with patients more effective will be offered. Obviously, this is just a mention to a very complex topic, therefore references for further in-depth studies are reported.
Increasing Patient Engagement: Patients’ Responses to Viewing Problem Lists Online
Authors: Feblowitz J. , Maloney F.L. , Henkin S. , Ramelson H. , Feltman J. , Bates D.W. , Wright A.
Published: November 2014

Objective: To characterize the opinions, emotions, and actions taken by patients who viewed their electronic problem list via an online personal health record (PHR).

Materials and Methods: An online survey of patients who viewed their problem lists, as maintained by their healthcare provider, in a web-based PHR linked to an electronic health record for the first time.

Results: A total 3,649 patients completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 42.1%. Patient attitudes towards the problem list function were positive overall, with 90.4% rating it at least somewhat useful and 86.7% reporting they would probably or definitely use it again. Nearly half (45.6%) of patients identified at least one major or minor problem missing from their list. After viewing the list, 56.1% of patients reported taking at least one action in response, with 32.4% of patients reporting that they researched a condition on the Internet, 18.3% reported that they contacted their healthcare provider and 16.7% reported changing or planning to change a health behavior (patients could report multiple actions). 64.7% of patients reported feeling at least somewhat happy while viewing their problem list, though others reported feeling sad (30.4%), worried (35.7%) or scared (23.8%) (patients could report multiple emotions). A smaller number of patients reported feeling angry (16.6%) or ashamed (14.3%). Patients who experienced an emotional response were more likely to take action.

Conclusion: Overall, patients found the ability to view their problem lists very useful and took action in response to the information. However, some had negative emotions. More research is needed into optimal strategies for supporting patients receiving this information.

Citation: Wright A, Feblowitz J, Maloney FL, Henkin S, Ramelson H, Feltman J, Bates DW. Increasing patient engagement: Patients’ responses to viewing problem lists online. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 930–942

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-07-RA-0057
Measurements of OH and RO2 radicals at Dome C, East Antarctica
Authors: Kukui A. , Legrand M. , Preunkert S. , Frey M. M. , Loisil R. , Gil Roca J. , Jourdain B. , King M. D. , France J. L. , Ancellet G.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Concentrations of OH radicals and the sum of peroxy radicals, RO2, were measured in the boundary layer for the first time on the East Antarctic Plateau at the Concordia Station (Dome C, 75.10° S, 123.31° E) during the austral summer 2011/2012. The median concentrations of OH and RO2 radicals were 3.1 × 106 molecule cm−3 and 9.9 × 106 molecule cm−3, respectively. These values are comparable to those observed at the South Pole, confirming that the elevated oxidative capacity of the Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer found at the South Pole is not restricted to the South Pole but common over the high Antarctic plateau. At Concordia, the concentration of radicals showed distinct diurnal profiles with the median maximum of 5.2 × 106 molecule cm−3 at 11:00 and the median minimum of 1.1 × 106 molecule cm−3 at 01:00 for OH radicals and 1.7 × 108 molecule cm−3 and 2.5 × 107 molecule cm−3 for RO2 radicals at 13:00 and 23:00, respectively (all times are local times). Concurrent measurements of O3, HONO, NO, NO2, HCHO and H2O2 demonstrated that the major primary source of OH and RO2 radicals at Dome C was the photolysis of HONO, HCHO and H2O2, with the photolysis of HONO contributing ~75% of total primary radical production. However, photochemical modelling with accounting for all these radical sources overestimates the concentrations of OH and RO2 radicals by a factor of 2 compared to field observations. Neglecting the net OH production from HONO in the photochemical modelling results in an underestimation of the concentrations of OH and RO2 radicals by a factor of 2. To explain the observations of radicals in this case an additional source of OH equivalent to about (25–35)% of measured photolysis of HONO is required. Even with a factor of 5 reduction in the concentrations of HONO, the photolysis of HONO represents the major primary radical source at Dome C. To account for a possibility of an overestimation of NO2 observed at Dome C the calculations were also performed with NO2 concentrations estimated by assuming steady-state NO2 / NO ratios. In this case the net radical production from the photolysis of HONO should be reduced by a factor of 5 or completely removed based on the photochemical budget of OH or 0-D modelling, respectively. Another major factor leading to the large concentration of OH radicals measured at Dome C was large concentrations of NO molecules and fast recycling of peroxy radicals to OH radicals.
libcloudph++ 0.2: single-moment bulk, double-moment bulk, and particle-based warm-rain microphysics library in C++
Authors: Arabas S. , Jaruga A. , Pawlowska H. , Grabowski W. W.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper introduces a library of algorithms for representing cloud microphysics in numerical models. The library is written in C++, hence the name libcloudph++. In the current release, the library covers three warm-rain schemes: the single- and double-moment bulk schemes, and the particle-based scheme with Monte-Carlo coalescence. The three schemes are intended for modelling frameworks of different dimensionality and complexity ranging from parcel models to multi-dimensional cloud-resolving (e.g. large-eddy) simulations. A two-dimensional prescribed-flow framework is used in example simulations presented in the paper with the aim of highlighting the library features. The libcloudph++ and all its mandatory dependencies are free and open-source software. The Boost.units library is used for zero-overhead dimensional analysis of the code at compile time. The particle-based scheme is implemented using the Thrust library that allows to leverage the power of graphics processing units (GPU), retaining the possibility to compile the unchanged code for execution on single or multiple standard processors (CPUs). The paper includes complete description of the programming interface (API) of the library and a performance analysis including comparison of GPU and CPU setups.
Tuning and assessment of the HYCOM-NORWECOM V2.1 modeling system
Authors: Samuelsen A. , Hansen C. , Wehde H.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The HYCOM-NORWECOM modeling system is used both for basic research and as a part of the forecasting system for the Arctic Marine Forecasting Centre through the MyOcean project. Here we present a revised version of this model. The present model, as well as the sensitivity simulations leading up to this version, has been compared to a dataset of in-situ measurements of nutrient and chlorophyll from the Norwegian Sea and the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean. The revisions having most impact included adding diatoms to the diet of micro-zooplankton, increasing micro-zooplankton grazing rate and decreased silicate-to-nitrate ratio in diatoms. Model runs are performed both with a coarse- (~50 km) and higher-resolution (~15 km) model configuration, both covering the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. While the new model formulation improves the results in both the coarse- and high-resolution model, the nutrient bias is smaller in the high-resolution model, probably as a result of the better resolution of the main processes and with that improved circulation. The final revised version delivers satisfactory results for all three nutrients as well as improved result for chlorophyll in terms of the annual cycle amplitude. However, for chlorophyll the correlation with in-situ data remains relatively low. Besides the large uncertainties associated with observational data this is possibly caused by the fact that constant C / N and Chl / N ratios are implemented in the model.
Analysis of frequency and duration of the functional periods on the basis of long-term variability of limnetic processes within the Bug River valley
Authors: Dawidek J. , Ferencz B.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Floodplain lakes (FPLs) constitute a very important element of river valleys, both in terms of ecology and hydrology. Dynamic physicochemical, morphometric and biological changes of lake waters are determined by the variability of the functional periods of lakes: limnophases, potamophases and inundations. This paper presents factors that shape long-term dynamics of the frequencies and durations of potamophases and limnophases in 20 selected FPLs. The study area included the left fraction of the Bug River valley located at the European Union's eastern border stretched along countries like Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus. The analysis covered the water years 1952 to 2013. Assigning the value of Limnological Effective Rise (LER) was essential for determining the functional periods for each of the study lakes. The dynamics of the phenomenon was analysed using volatility indicators, while factors determining functional periods were distinguished using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed that short (0–8 days) and medium-length limnophases were observed most frequently during the study period. In the case of potamophases they most often lasted from 8 to 30 days, continuously. Double-mass curves showed four periods of increasing significance of one of the functional phases: 1952–1962 (limnophases), 1963–1982 (potamophases), 1983–1997 (limnophases) and 1998–2013 (potamophases). A variability that was observed in each floodplain lake under study resulted from two main factors: water input and lake basin morphometry. The major role in FPLs' input was played by potamic supply (inflow of water from the parent river), which was a derivative of Bug River water stages and discharge. Atmospheric precipitation played a smaller role. However, the role of local precipitation was marginal in relation to precipitation in the upper part of the Bug River catchment. Spatial variability of the frequencies and durations of potamophases and limnophases was also associated with the topography of the floodplain lake catchments. Hydrological connection to the river favoured (confluent lakes) or limited (contrafluent and contrafluent–confluent lakes) the frequencies of potamophases in the study period of 62 years.
Wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography – Part 1: Method
Authors: Tong P. , Zhao D. , Yang D. , Yang X. , Chen J. , Liu Q.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography method with a detailed description of its step-by-step process. First, a linear relationship between the travel-time residual Δt = Tobs–Tsyn and the relative velocity perturbation δ c(x)/c(x) connected by a finite-frequency travel-time sensitivity kernel K(x) is theoretically derived using the adjoint method. To accurately calculate the travel-time residual Δt, two automatic arrival-time picking techniques including the envelop energy ratio method and the combined ray and cross-correlation method are then developed to compute the arrival times Tsyn for synthetic seismograms. The arrival times Tobs of observed seismograms are usually determined by manual hand picking in real applications. Travel-time sensitivity kernel K(x) is constructed by convolving a~forward wavefield u(t,x) with an adjoint wavefield q(t,x). The calculations of synthetic seismograms and sensitivity kernels rely on forward modeling. To make it computationally feasible for tomographic problems involving a large number of seismic records, the forward problem is solved in the two-dimensional (2-D) vertical plane passing through the source and the receiver by a high-order central difference method. The final model is parameterized on 3-D regular grid (inversion) nodes with variable spacings, while model values on each 2-D forward modeling node are linearly interpolated by the values at its eight surrounding 3-D inversion grid nodes. Finally, the tomographic inverse problem is formulated as a regularized optimization problem, which can be iteratively solved by either the LSQR solver or a~nonlinear conjugate-gradient method. To provide some insights into future 3-D tomographic inversions, Fréchet kernels for different seismic phases are also demonstrated in this study.
Defending Nietzsche's Soul
Authors: Clark Maudemarie , Dudrick David
Published: November 2014

We respond here to criticisms of our book, The Soul of Nietzsche's “Beyond Good and Evil” offered by contributors to the Symposium on it in JNS 45.1 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jnietstud.45.1.0031]: We defend our interpretation of Plato's soul, and of Plato's reason as “atomistic,” and argue that these points help explain how Nietzsche's theory of the soul can be a refinement of Plato's tripartite account. We defend our account of what we call “the will to value” against a misunderstanding shared by Janaway and Katsafanas, and we compare the latter's account of Nietzsche's self unfavorably to our “two-level” account. Finally, we defend our interpretation of the relation between Nietzsche's philosophy and Kant's on several points but do recognize one error in it. Responding to Leiter's criticism of our interpretation of BGE 11, we change one detail of that interpretation, which strengthens our overall interpretation and makes Nietzsche even more Kantian. Unless otherwise noted, page numbers refer to contributions as they appear in the earlier publication.
Efeito da estimulação abdominal sobre o contato plantar na lesão encefálica adquirida
Authors: Marques Ana Elisa Zuliani Stroppa , Brambati Rafael Henrique , Silva Adriano Felipe , Corrêa Paulo Rogerio , Melo Neto João Simão de
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Verificar a influência da estimulação dos músculos abdominais em pacientes com LEA sobre o contato plantar. Método: Participaram oito indivíduos com idade média de 46±15,9 anos. Para avaliação de pressão plantar, utilizou-se um baropodômetro, com coleta antes e após a estimulação abdominal, a qual foi realizada com os pacientes posicionados no divã com apoio na região sacral/quadril e joelhos flexionados em 90º, e pés, mãos e tronco superior sem apoio. Estes músculos foram estimulados a realizar contração por desequilíbrio provocado pela diminuição na base de suporte (apoiados somente em sacro). Assim, realizou-se contração isométrica para o posicionamento, intercalada por contrações isotônicas de curta amplitude, para recuperação do equilíbrio. Resultados: Na distribuição de pressão plantar, observou-se que o retropé e mediopé apresentam maior e menor pico de pressão, respectivamente (p
Patellofemoral pain syndrome alters joint position sense: a case-control study
Authors: Cyrillo Fabio Navarro , Cabral Cristina Maria Nunes
Published: November 2014

Introduction: The evaluation of changes in joint position sense (JPS) of the knee may be crucial for the identification of disorders that could start during the development of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Objective: To evaluate JPS of the knee in PFPS. Methods: Twenty nine women (15 healthy and 14 with PFPS) reproduced knee flexion angles of 45° and 60° during open kinetic chain exercises and of 45° during closed kinetic chain exercises. Results: The absolute error in the active reproduction of 45° in open kinetic chain exercises was significantly higher in the experimental group. There were significant differences in absolute and relative errors between the groups for active reproduction at 45° in open and closed kinetic chain exercises. Conclusions: This study suggests that PFPS alters JPS during active reproduction of the 45° angle in both open and closed kinetic chain exercises.
Abordagens fisioterapêuticas na síndrome da dor patelofemoral: revisão de literatura
Authors: Sousa Neto Luíz Cordeiro de , Cavalcante Idília Coelho , Moura Júnior Manoel De Jesus
Published: November 2014

Introdução: Síndrome da dor patelofemoral (SDPF) é um termo comumente usado para descrever dor anterior de joelho, com gênese devido a diversos fatores, sendo agravada em movimentos de subir e descer escadas, permanecer sentado por muito tempo. Objetivo: Revisar na literatura as abordagens fisioterapêuticas utilizadas no tratamento da síndrome da dor femoropatelar, ressaltando os mais recentes protocolos de tratamento, analisar os efeitos dessas técnicas à patologia, avaliar e discutir a viabilidade desses tratamentos. Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca na literatura, nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e PubMed, utilizando palavras-chave dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECS), nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Para a seleção dos artigos, foi usada a escala metodológica de Jadad. Resultados: Foram selecionados 12 estudos, incluindo 930 pacientes em diversos protocolos de tratamento da patologia estudada. Conclusão: Identificaram-se estudos com novos tratamentos para dor femoropatelar, aumentando, assim, a gama de protocolos para essa doença.
Resultados de um programa de cessação tabagística: análise de novos procedimentos
Authors: Freire Ana Paula Coelho Figueira , Ramos Dionei , Silva Bruna Spolador de Alencar , David Renata Marques , Pestana Paula Roberta Da Silva , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , Ramos Ercy Mara Cipulo
Published: November 2014

Introdução: O tabagismo pode ser tratado com eficácia por terapias com enfoque na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental, sendo imprescindível a descrição minuciosa desta. Objetivo: Descrever um programa de cessação tabagística com novos procedimentos e avaliar seu índice de sucesso. Métodos: Participantes de um programa de cessação tabagística, baseado em terapias cognitivas comportamentais e farmacológicas, foram acompanhados por um ano, e a taxa de cessação avaliada foi, no mínimo, de seis meses, após pararem de fumar. Foram implementados os seguintes procedimentos: intensificação na frequência dos encontros (duas vezes semanais); data de cessação pré-estabelecida pelos terapeutas do programa, primeiro encontro com apresentação do tratamento, esclarecimento de dúvidas e motivação dos pacientes e participação de ex-tabagistas para incentivar os iniciantes. Resultados: Dos 145 indivíduos que participaram do estudo, observou-se um índice de sucesso de 64,42% durante o acompanhamento. Conclusão: Os novos procedimentos realizados neste programa de cessação tabagística proporcionaram alto índice de sucesso de abstinência, quando comparados a outros da literatura.
Material de montaria para equoterapia em indivíduos com síndrome de Down: estudo eletromiográfico
Authors: Espindula Ana Paula , Assis Iramaia Salomão Alexandre de , Simões Mayara , Ribeiro Mariane Fernandes , Ferreira Alex Abadio , Ferraz Patrícia Fonseca , Cunha Isabella Cardoso , Ferraz Mara Lúcia da Fonseca , Souza Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de , Bevilacqua Junior Domingos Emanuel , Teixeira Vicente De Paula Antunes
Published: November 2014

Introdução: Os indivíduos com síndrome de Down apresentam características peculiares da anomalia, sendo a principal e mais frequente a hipotonia muscular. Objetivo: Verificar o melhor material de montaria e posicionamento dos pés para o recrutamento da musculatura de tronco de crianças com síndrome de Down que utilizam do tratamento da equoterapia. Métodos: Foram avaliados cinco praticantes com síndrome de Down por meio da eletromiografia, durante quatro sessões de equoterapia. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para comparações múltiplas de dados não paramétricos. Resultados: O material de montaria de manta associado com os pés fora do estribo proporcionou maior recrutamento dos músculos estudados, sendo o músculo da região cervical o mais acionado. Conclusão: Por meio desse estudo piloto, infere-se que a manta com pés fora do estribo promoveu uma melhor otimização do tônus dos indivíduos analisados.
Atividade física e alimentação associadas aos perfis antropométrico e lipídico em adolescentes
Authors: Guimarães Roseane De Fátima , Silva Michael Pereira da , Mazzardo Oldemar , Martins Rafael Vieira , Campos Wagner De
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Verificar a associação dos níveis de atividade física e dos hábitos alimentares com os perfis antropométrico e lipídico em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Coletou-se colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicerídeos, IMC, e verificou-se nível socioeconômico (NSE), atividade física, comportamento sedentário e frequência alimentar de 572 jovens. Para estatísticas descritivas e regressão logística binária, utilizou-se o SPSS 17.0. Resultados: Os meninos foram mais ativos que as meninas e estas apresentaram mais chances de terem níveis de colesterol e LDL-c alterados, respectivamente 67% e 53%. Observou-se associação entre o NSE alto e elevados níveis de triglicerídeos (p
InstantLabs®Salmonella Species Detection Method: Matrix Extension
Authors: Sharma Neil , Bambusch Lauren , Le Thu , Morey Amit , Hayman Melinda , Montez Sergio J
Published: November 2014

The performance of InstantLabs®Salmonella Species Food Safety Kit to detect Salmonella in four food matrixes was validated against the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference method 6579:2002. The matrixes (raw ground beef, raw chicken breast, raw ground chicken, and lettuce) were inoculated with low levels of Salmonella (<1 CFU/test portion) to generate fractional positives (5–15) in 20 inoculated samples. These matrixes were co-inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 at two to five times the level of Salmonella. Samples were validated using 375 g (meat) or 25 g (lettuce and poultry) test portions enriched in FASTGRO™ SE at 42 ± 1°C for 12 h and 10 h, respectively. All samples were confirmed using the ISO reference method, regardless of initial screen result. The InstantLabs test method was shown to perform as well as or better than the reference method for the detection of Salmonella species in ground beef, chicken breast, ground chicken, and lettuce. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing revealed no false negatives among the 100 Salmonella serovars and no false positives among the 30 non-Salmonella species examined, respectively.
Protocol for Building a Reference Standard Sequence Library for DNA-Based Seafood Identification
Authors: Deeds Jonathan R , Handy Sara M , Fry Frederick , Granade Hudson , Williams Jeffrey T , Powers Monica , Shipp Robert , Weigt Lee A
Published: November 2014

With the recent adoption of a DNA sequencing-based method for the species identification for seafood products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a library of standard sequences derived from reference specimens with authoritative taxonomic authentication was required. Provided here are details of how the FDA and its collaborators are building this reference standard sequence library that will be used to confirm the accurate labeling of seafood products sold in interstate commerce in the United States. As an example data set from this library, information for 117 fish reference standards, representing 94 species from 43 families in 15 orders, collected over a 4-year period from the Gulf of Mexico, U.S., that are now stored at the Smithsonian Museum Support Center in Suitland, MD, are provided.
Validation of the AgraStrip® Gluten G12 Test Kit
Authors: Radcliffe Scott , Sutzko Meredith , Jiang Zheng , Freitag Denise , Swoboda Christy , Frank Lukas , Rogers Adrian
Published: November 2014

Romer Labs®, Inc. developed an immunochromatographic lateral flow assay for the qualitative detection of gluten in raw ingredients, processed foods, finished food products, and environmental surfaces, using the G12 antibody developed by Belén Morón. The G12 antibody targets a 33-mer peptide which is resistant to enzymatic digestion and heat denaturation, as well as being the fragment of the gliadin protein to which celiac disease sufferers react, making it a reliable analytical marker. This study was performed to validate the AgraStrip® Gluten G12 assay method under the guidance of the AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM (PTM) program against AOAC Official Method of AnalysisSM2012.01 in rice flour, bread, cookie, ice cream, and chocolate matrixes spiked with either purified gliadin or wheat gluten standard at 0, 3, 8, 15, and 25 ppm concentrations and tested at the 5, 10, and 20 ppm assay thresholds, as well as on environmental surfaces. Stability, robustness, variation, and lot consistency studies were performed by spiking wheat gluten into a rice flour matrix at 0 and 15 ppm concentrations. The AgraStrip Gluten G12 assay was rigorously evaluated during this study and demonstrates its suitability as an AOAC PTM-certified gluten detection method.
The Application of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Urologic Surgical Pathology
Authors: Wilkerson Myra L. , Lin Fan , Liu Haiyan , Cheng Liang
Published: November 2014

Context

Tumors of the genitourinary tract can be diagnostically challenging, particularly in core biopsies and cystoscopic biopsies with limited material. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool to use when morphology alone is insufficient for diagnosis.

Objectives

To review tumors and benign lesions of the kidney, urinary bladder, prostate gland, testis, and paratesticular structures with an emphasis on difficult differential diagnoses, as well as staining patterns in normal tissue. Recommended immunohistochemical stain panels are discussed that can assist in the diagnostic workup.

Data Sources

Review of current literature.

Conclusions

Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool, assisting in the diagnosis of problematic tumors and benign lesions of the genitourinary tract.
Después de la Ley 11/2007. Archivos y archiveros en la administración electrónica
Authors: Cerdá Díaz Julio
Published: November 2014

La Ley 11/2007, de 22 de junio, de acceso electrónico de los ciudadanos a los Servicios Públicos, obliga a las entidades públicas a la creación de canales de comunicación no presenciales entre la administración y los ciudadanos. Es el punto de partida de lo que conocemos como e-administración, un cambio de modelo en los entornos de trabajo que ha obligado a la redefinición de los conceptos, técnicas y procesos relacionados con la gestión documental. Ha sido en la administración local, la más próxima a los ciudadanos, donde los programas de  modernización se han hecho más evidentes, siempre con dos objetivos clave: eficacia y transparencia, y con un núcleo central, las políticas de gestión de documentos electrónicos, afectando por tanto de lleno a los servicios de archivo.
El papel de las plataformas de distribución y venta en la promoción del libro electrónico infantil y juvenil
Authors: García Rodríguez Araceli
Published: November 2014

Partiendo de la idea del potencial que las plataformas de distribución y venta de libros electrónicos tienen para la difusión de los títulos, este artículo analiza las características que las webs de estos canales deben cumplir para potenciar la visibilidad de la literatura infantil y juvenil en torno a la oferta, las opciones de búsqueda, las posibilidades de compra, la visualización de los títulos, los sistemas de recomendación y el uso de las redes sociales. A través del análisis de las 22 plataformas más conocidas y utilizadas, se analiza igualmente en qué medida estas se adaptan a las peculiaridades propias de los consumidores de este tipo de literatura.Palabras clave: libros electrónicos; literatura infantil y juvenil; plataformas de distribución de libros electrónicos; visibilidad de la literatura infantil y juvenil.
Public Lands and Cultural Resource Protection
Authors: Hedquist Saul L. , Ellison Leigh Anne , Laurenzi Andy
Published: November 2014

Archaeological resource protection remains an important management concern on public lands in the U.S. Southwest and beyond. While legislation and educational programs have contributed to a general improvement in public attitudes toward cultural heritage, archaeological resources on public lands remain vulnerable to a variety of human impacts. We present results of a condition and damage assessment of 96 prominent precontact sites on the Tonto National Forest (TNF) in central Arizona. We summarize field methods and observations and discuss their implications for the management and protection of archaeological resources on the TNF and other public lands. Sites at varying distances from roads were assessed in an effort to identify potential relationships between damage frequency and road proximity. Field results indicate that (1) unauthorized damage occurs more frequently at sites near TNF roads; and (2) economical measures like advisory signage provide potentially effective means of deterring unauthorized damage to sites in higher risk locations. Our findings add to a knowledge base important for understanding patterns of damage and site vulnerability and for developing practical protection strategies in line with public land missions and administrative capabilities.
How Archaeologists and Artifact Collectors Can—and Should—Collaborate to Comply with Legal and Ethical Antiquities Codes
Authors: Pitblado Bonnie L.
Published: November 2014

In a recent American Antiquity forum (Pitblado 2014), I argued that not only is it possible for archaeologists to engage in ethical collaborations with members of the artifact-collecting public, but that the Society for American Archaeology’s “Principles of Archaeological Ethics” stipulates that we should do so. This is not a message, however, that has fully permeated the archaeological community, which has led to a schism between populations who are often natural allies. This paper starts with that premise: that archaeologists should actively pursue collaborations with the artifact-collecting community with the goal of advancing research agendas, public education, and long-term care of collections in private hands. The paper offers guidelines for establishing and nurturing professional-collector relationships in a way that furthers the directives of legal and ethical archaeological codes. I begin with an overview of the changing nature of professional-collector relationships during the twentieth century, exploring reasons for the divisiveness that has characterized recent decades. I next suggest five steps for establishing appropriate relationships with artifact collectors—and avoiding inappropriate ones. Finally, I describe how I followed those steps to establish a network of collector-collaborators to build the foundation for a Paleoamerican research program in southeastern Idaho and northern Utah.
Defining Best 3D Practices in Archaeology
Authors: Galeazzi Fabrizio , Moyes Holley , Aldenderfer Mark
Published: November 2014

This research aims to investigate the potential use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies for the analysis and interpretation of heritage sites. This article uses different 3D survey technologies to find the most appropriate methods to document archaeological stratigraphy, based on diverse environmental conditions, light exposures, and varied surfaces. The use of 3D laser scanners and dense stereo matching (DSM) techniques is now well established in archaeology. However, no convincing comparisons between those techniques have been presented. This research fills this gap to provide an accurate data assessment for the Las Cuevas site (Belize) and represents a starting point for the definition of a sharable methodology. Tests in Las Cuevas were conducted to compare both accuracy and density reliability in cave environments using two different techniques: triangulation light laser scanner and DSM. This study finds that DSM is the most economical, portable, and flexible approach for the 3D documentation of archaeological sites today. In fact, DSM allows the 3D documentation process to be done more efficiently, reducing both data acquisition and processing time. Nonetheless, the quantitative comparison presented in this paper underscores the need to integrate this technique with other technologies when the data acquisition of micro-stratigraphy is required.
Working Internationally with Indigenous Groups
Authors: Watkins Joe
Published: November 2014

North American archaeologists working with Native American or First Nations communities, whose culture often forms the basis of the archaeological record, are becoming increasingly aware that they face a differing set of concerns and issues than those archaeologists who work with non-Native communities. Although their work is not as widely reported in the literature, North American archaeologists who have been fortunate enough to conduct research with Indigenous communities in other parts of the world are often overwhelmed by the variety of issues that may crop up. They often find that their experiences highlight the challenges but also the fulfillment involved in working with Indigenous groups. In the following paper, I offer suggestions based on practices that helped to alleviate issues I faced when working internationally. By broadening the discourse concerning working with Indigenous groups, I hope that these suggestions may also prove relevant to improving the practice of archaeology in North America as well.
Current Trends in Research in Climate Change Related to Biodiversity
Authors: Singh Pooja , Nagendran R.
Published: December 2014

The changing climate has forced its way into everyone’s mind as an unpleasant thought. Global warming, no more a hoax now, has started to show its presence everywhere. It has affected the atmosphere, economy, politics, lifestyle, biodiversity etc. Of all, biodiversity is a clear indicator of changing climate. The indication is made by the chemical, physiological or behavioral changes observed in animal and plant species. There has been a shift in the species diversity towards the regions which were originally cold but have become warm due to the warming of the climate. The research on the effects of climate change on biodiversity has been intensive. The studies have covered several aspects of ‘biodiversity -climate’ interactions. The present paper is an attempt to provide an insight into the major contributions by researchers as reflected in papers published during the last fifteen years in some of the leading journals and discuss the research needs for the future, especially in the context of developing countries.   Keywords - Climatology, biodiversity, species interaction, India
Gonad rematuration and reproductive cycle of the mud clam Anodontia edentula in Guimaras, Central Philippines
Authors: ARGAŇOZA MILESSA H. , GEDUSPAN JANE S.
Published: December 2014

Anodondia edentula locally known as imbao bayi is a commercially important mud clam harvested for human consumption in Central Philippines. Since it is used as a source of food and livelihood to the local gleaners, it was observed that fewer and smaller mud clams have been harvested. Thus, regulating proper collection of this organism and a sound knowledge of its reproductive cycle are necessary. This study aimed to describe some aspects of the reproductive biology of A. edentula. Fifty mud clams were collected and dissected every month. Monthly monitoring of the gonadosomatic index in the study shows that A. edentula spawns throughout the year. Under laboratory condition, male has shorter gonadal rematuration than females. Spent male A. edentula that spawned will spawn again after three weeks through serotonin injection while females will spawn gain after six weeks as long as intrinsic and extrinsic factors are met. This type of maturation schedule suggests continuous reproductive competence. Higher spawning rate is obtained in clams reared with mud substrate than without mud substrate , but the survival rate was found to be higher for clam reared without mud substrate than with mud substrate. Results of this study provide useful information for the management and aquaculture of this bivalve species.Keywords: Biology, gonad rematuration, reproductive cycle, Anodontia edentula, gonadosomaticindex, gonadal rematuration, serotonin, spawning, mud substrate, experimentaldesign, Guimaras, Central Philippines
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis Grading System and Step Ladder Management Approach
Authors: Gokhale Nikhil S
Published: November 2014

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is an ocular allergy that is common in the pediatric age group. It is often chronic, severe and non responsive to the available treatment options. Management of these children is difficult and often a dilemma for the practitioner. There is a need to simplify and standardize its management. To achieve this goal, we require a grading system to judge the severity of inflammation and an algorithm to select the appropriate medications. This article provides a simple and practically useful grading system and a stepladder algorithm for systematic treatment of these patients. Use of appropriate treatment modalities can reduce treatment and disease related complications.
Outcome of Cataract Surgery from Outreach Eye Camp
Authors: Senjan Suraj , Vashist Praveen , Malhotra Sumit
Published: November 2014

Purpose:

To share the concept of Reach in Programme (RIP) outreach eye care model and presents its outcome for the last five years of services (2009-13).

Methodology: Reach in Programme:

RIP is primarily Public-Private partnership model for outreach cataract intervention services with occasional involvement of Panchayati Raj Institution. Operable cataract patients were identified and referred to base hospital for intervention. Review of the RIP files and registers as primary sources of the data and cataract surgical records as secondary sources was done during June & July of 2013. Data were collected on those patients who had undergone surgery through outreach eye care services only. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed descriptively. The outcome was presented in terms of quantity and visual acuity status as a dichotomized optotype with a cut off of 6/60.

Results:

A total of 8735 (M=47.5%; F=52.5%) patients were operated in either eye during the five year period (2009-13) out of 9729 admitted. Of the total operated, 19% of them were less than 50 years of age. Very few were conventional surgery (2.2%); rests were phaco-emulsification technique. Preoperatively, 60% had visual acuity <6/60 in the operated eye. Six weeks' after surgery, 9.5% had poor visual outcome (<6/60) out of total follow up (415/5241) without any correction. Records of 61 patients were available for poor visual outcome that was attributed to surgical complications. Bullous keratopathy (27), posterior capsular opacity (16), uveitis (10) were maximally documented in decreasing numbers.

Conclusions:

Quite an amount of cataract surgery was conducted through our outreach eye care services with reasonably good quality. Strategy needs to be developed to improve follow up compliance as well as the reasons of poor outcome records.
An Unusual Case of a Large Orbital Wooden Foreign Body
Authors: Sharma Ram Lal , Damani Gopal
Published: November 2014

Aim:

To report the image findings and management of an orbital foreign body from the left orbit to the right maxillary sinus in a child.

Methods:

A case report.

Results:

An 11 years old child with history of fall and referred for suturing, presented within 6 hours of the injury with an external wound about 1.5 × 1 cm along the medial 1/3rd of the inferior orbital rim below the lower eyelid margin of left eye, with normal ocular examination. An axial CT reported as a linear hypodense tract of 5.8 cm. The tract was extending medially to pierce and enter the medial wall of the right maxillary sinus. The patient was immediately taken to emergency OT for exploration and wound repair. A trans-orbital wooden FB with paranasal sinus extent was removed successfully without any visual or ocular damage.

Conclusions:

orbital FB is an important cause of ocular morbidity and functional residual deficit particulary in pediatric age group. A very high index of suspicion and thorough local examination along with the armamentarium of imaging modalities are must for managing such cases.
Accreditation of Eye Hospitals – A Review
Authors: Nirmal Fredrick T , Nirmal Sunitha
Published: November 2014

Every day more than a million people are treated safely and successfully in our Hospitals. However the advances in technology and understanding of many diseases have created an immensely complex healthcare system. This complexity brings risks, and evidence shows that things will and do go wrong in our hospitals. Medical Errors can cause devastating emotional and physical consequences for patients and their families. For the staff involved too, incidents can be distressing, while members of their clinical teams can become demoralised and disaffected. Safety incidents also incur costs through litigation and extra treatment. Quality of health care and the initiatives taken to address various risk and safety issues in the hospitals have become a subject of debate. External assessment is increasingly used to regulate, improve and market health care providers, especially hospitals. The commonest models are peer review, accreditation, statutory inspection, ISO certification and evaluation against the ‘business excellence’ framework. Each of these is progressively adapting to meet the changing demands of public accountability, clinical effectiveness and improvement of quality and safety, but the most rapid development is in accreditation. This review article focusses on the standards for accreditation in India, approach to implementation, documentation, costs and Benefits.
Purtscher's Retinopathy
Authors: Verma Anil Kumar , Tuli Rajeev , Sharma Gaurav , Sharma Deepak
Published: November 2014

Purtscher's retinopathy, a indirect ocular injury, presents with multiple patches of superficial retinal whitening and retinal hemorrhages surrounding the optic nerve. The optic disc may appear normal initially but an afferent pupillary defect may be present and later on optic disc pallor may develop. Two similar cases of Purtscher's retinopathy with fundus photographs are being reported in this article