bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Potential Mapping Combining Artificial Neural Network and Real AdaBoost Ensemble Technique: The DakNong Province Case-study, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phong Tung , Ha Duong Hai , Jaafari Abolfazl , Nguyen Huu Duy , Van Phong Tran , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Prakash Indra , Le Hiep Van , Pham Binh Thai
Published: April 2020

The main aim of this study is to assess groundwater potential of the DakNong province, Vietnam, using an advanced ensemble machine learning model (RABANN) that integrates Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with RealAdaBoost (RAB) ensemble technique. For this study, twelve conditioning factors and wells yield data was used to create the training and testing datasets for the development and validation of the ensemble RABANN model. Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and several statistical performance measures were used to validate and compare performance of the ensemble RABANN model with the single ANN model. Results of the model studies showed that both models performed well in the training phase of assessing groundwater potential (AUC ≥ 0.7), whereas the ensemble model (AUC = 0.776) outperformed the single ANN model (AUC = 0.699) in the validation phase. This demonstrated that the RAB ensemble technique was successful in improving the performance of the single ANN model. By making minor adjustment in the input data, the ensemble developed model can be adapted for groundwater potential mapping of other regions and countries toward more efficient water resource management. The present study would be helpful in improving the groundwater condition of the area thus in solving water borne disease related health problem of the population.
Association between Reallocation Behaviors and Subjective Health and Stress in South Korean Adults: An Isotemporal Substitution Model
Authors: Park Saengryeol , Park So-Youn , Oh Gapjin , Yoon Eun Jung , Oh In-Hwan
Published: April 2020

This study used an isotemporal substitution (IS) model to determine the potential reallocation effects of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) on subjective health and stress in South Koreans with data from the Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. The analysis included 791 participants whose accelerometer-measured PA was available, divided into three age groups (young adults = 151; mid-age adults = 334; older adults = 306). We adopted SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) to determine how time was allocated to each activity level, then examined the effects of reallocation on subjective health and stress across age groups. The analyses were performed in three steps: single-activity, partition, and IS model. An additional ANCOVA was conducted on statistically significant outcomes (i.e., subjective health of young and older adults). We found that among young adults, reallocating 30 min/week of SB to LPA and to MVPA was linked to high levels of subjective health. In older adults, reallocating 30 min/week of SB and LPA to MVPA was associated with high subjective health. However, this relationship was not observed in mid-age adults. None of the age groups showed a relationship between any activity reallocation and stress. Our findings provide the first insight on the development of interventions aimed at promoting active, healthier lifestyles on the basis of behavior reallocation in South Koreans.
Automatic Recognition of Dendritic Solidification Structures: DenMap
Authors: Nenchev Bogdan , Strickland Joel , Tassenberg Karl , Perry Samuel , Gill Simon , Dong Hongbiao
Published: April 2020

Dendrites are the predominant solidification structures in directionally solidified alloys and control the maximum length scale for segregation. The conventional industrial method for identification of dendrite cores and primary dendrite spacing is performed by time-consuming laborious manual measurement. In this work we developed a novel DenMap image processing and pattern recognition algorithm to identify dendritic cores. Systematic row scan with a specially selected template image over an image of interest is applied via a normalised cross-correlation algorithm. The DenMap algorithm locates the exact dendritic core position with a 98% accuracy for a batch of SEM images of typical as-cast CMSX-4® microstructures in under 90 s per image. Such accuracy is achieved due to a sequence of specially selected image pre-processing methods. Coupled with statistical analysis the model has the potential to gather large quantities of structural data accurately and rapidly, allowing for optimisation and quality control of industrial processes to improve mechanical and creep performance of materials.
Organic Acid Regulated Self-Assembly and Photophysical Properties of Perylene Bisimide Derivatives
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Xinguo , Li Siyu , Long Tao , Li Wei
Published: April 2020

In this work, perylene bisimide derivatives (PBI-1 and PBI-2) with tertiary amine groups were designed and synthesized. To control the final morphologies and properties of their aggregates, seven kinds of organic acids were used to alter the self-assembly environment. The influence of organic acids on the morphology of the aggregates was investigated. Photophysical properties of the aggregates were markedly affected by the kind and concentration of the organic acid. The thermal and gas sensitivities of the PBI-1 aggregates were studied with the use of UV–visible spectroscopy and digital imaging. The shift of the UV–visible spectra varied with time, temperature, acid type and acid concentration. Furthermore, PBI-1 aggregates showed a red-to-blue color change after addition of seven organic acids, whereas the color of the PBI-2 aggregates remained red. These changes of morphologies, photophysical properties and their thermal and gas sensitivities make these aggregates potentially useful in the fields of optoelectronics or sensors.
Microstructure Simulation and Constitutive Modelling of Magnetorheological Fluids Based on the Hexagonal Close-packed Structure
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Song Wanli , Peng Zhen , Gao Jinwei , Wang Na , Choi Seung-Bok , Kim Gi-Woo
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a new constitutive model of high particles concentrated magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) that is based on the hexagonal close-packed structure, which can reflect the micro-structures of the particles under the magnetic field. Firstly, the particle dynamic simulations for the forces sustained by carbonyl iron powder (CIP) particles of MRFs are performed in order to investigate the particles chain-forming process at different time nodes. Subsequently, according to the force analyses, a hexagonal close-packed structure, which differs from the existing single-chain structure and body-cantered cubic structure, is adopted to formulate a constitutive model of MRFs with high concentration of the magnetic-responsive particles. Several experiments are performed while considering crucial factors that influence on the chain-forming mechanism and, hence, change the field-dependent shear yield stress in order to validate the proposed model. These factors include the magnetic induction intensity, volume fraction and radius of CIP particles, and surfactant coating thickness. It is shown that the proposed modeling approach can predict the field-dependent shear yield stress much better than the single-chain model. In addition, it is identified that the shear yield stress is increased as the particle volume fraction increases and surfactant coating thickness decreases. It is believed that the proposed constitutive model can be effectively used to estimate the field-dependent shear yield stress of MRFs with a high concentration of iron particles.
Synthesis and Performance of TiO2/Fly Ash Cenospheres as a Catalytic Film in a Novel Type of Periodic Air-Sparged Photocatalytic Reactor
Authors: Żukowski Witold , Migas Przemysław , Bradło Dariusz , Dulian Piotr
Published: April 2020

The results of a photocatalytic process performed in a new type of inclined, three-phase fluidised bed reactor with a periodic photocatalyst film are presented. These phases were fly ash cenospheres coated with TiO2, an aqueous solution of methylene blue and an air stream passing from the bottom of the photoreactor. The cenospheres have a density lower than water and could thus form a catalytic film on a top irradiated window. The formed surface film is stable but is easy to break and be reproduced in a cyclic air-sparged process. Mixing was performed in either a cyclic or a continuous manner. From an operational point of view, the best variant of mixing was a 10 s air-sparge/10 s break with a 50% duty cycle, because it provided the same discolouration efficiency and reduced energy demand by 50% in comparison with the continuous mixing. Due to film formation, the proposed catalytic reactor enables a substantial reduction in the energy required for mixing while maintaining the desired degree of discolouration.
Marginal Leakage of Endodontic Temporary Restorative Materials around Access Cavities Prepared with Pre-Endodontic Composite Build-Up: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kameyama Atsushi , Saito Aoi , Haruyama Akiko , Komada Tomoaki , Sugiyama Setsuko , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Muramatsu Takashi
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to examine the marginal seal between various commercial temporary restorative materials and exposed dentin/built-up composite. Sixty bovine incisors were cut above the cemento-enamel junction, and half of the dentin was removed to form a step, which was built up using flowable resin composite. The root canals were irrigated, filled with calcium hydroxide, and sealed using one of six temporary sealing materials (hydraulic temporary restorative material, temporary stopping material, zinc oxide eugenol cement, glass-ionomer cement, auto-cured resin-based temporary restorative material, and light-cured resin-based temporary restorative material) (n = 10 for each material). The samples were thermocycled 500 times and immersed in an aqueous solution of methylene blue. After 2 days, they were cut along the long axis of the tooth and the depth of dye penetration was measured at the dentin side and the built-up composite side. For the margins of the pre-endodontic resin composite build-up, the two resin-based temporary restorative materials showed excellent sealing. Hydraulic temporary restorative material had a moderate sealing effect, but the sealing effect of both zinc oxide eugenol cement and glass-ionomer cement was poorer.
Modeling Asymmetric Interactions in Economy
Authors: Lachowicz Mirosław , Leszczyński Henryk
Published: April 2020

We consider a general nonlinear kinetic type equation that can describe the time evolution of a variable related to an economical state of an individual agent of the system. We assume asymmetric interactions between the agents. We show that in a corresponding limit, it is asymptotically equivalent to a nonlinear inviscid Burgers type equation.
Low Temperature Plasma Jets: Characterization and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Laroussi Mounir
Published: April 2020

For many decades non-equilibrium plasmas (NEPs) that can be generated at atmospheric pressure have played important roles in various material and surface processing applications [...]
Michael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War
Authors: Paradela-López Miguel , Jima-González Alexandra
Published: April 2020

Humanitarian interventions have often been employed to promote the intervener’s political and economic interests. Given the issues around intervention’s morality, this article explores Michael Walzer’s humanitarian intervention theory in order to unravel the practical difficulties of legitimating humanitarian interventions in multisided conflicts. After exploring Walzer’s arguments as they relate to unilateral and multilateral interventions, this article explains why, according to the self-determination principle, intervening countries must share the victim’s cause. Later, the article uses the Syrian Civil War to exemplify the conundrum of crafting a legitimate humanitarian intervention in multisided conflicts where the victims are internally divided and have opposing political, economic, and/or religious views. This case study evidences how, in such contexts, humanitarian interventions simultaneously protect the population and promote the group that best represents the intervening state’s interests, thus turning internal conflicts into foreign proxy wars. Finally, the article argues that, despite Walzer’s proposal for a consistent theory of unilateral and multilateral humanitarian interventions, unilateral interventions should be replaced in multisided conflicts by multilateral interventions able to halt atrocities and provide a stable solution for internal conflicts.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Rizqi Nur Rahmi , Arini Lilis
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkalan Susu pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dengan populasi yaitu semua siswa kelas VII dan sampel sebanyak 30 siswa. Instrumen menggunakan tes yang terlebih dahulu divalidasi. Kedua kelas diberikan postes sesudah perlakuan. Sebelum pengujian hipotesis terlebih dahulu diperiksa persyaratan yaitu uji normalitas ternyata kedua data berdistribusi normal dan uji homogonitas ternyata kedua data homogen. Dari hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t diperoleh t hitung (3,018) > t tabel (1,671) dimana Ha diterima. Dari hasil uji determinasi diperoleh 13,6% sedangkan 86,4% dipengaruh oleh faktor lain.
Editorial - Revista Neurociências
Authors: Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: April 2020

Editorial
A Systematic Review of the Factors Affecting the Growth of Medical Tourism in Iran
Authors: Gholami Maryam , Keshtvarz Hesam Abadi Ali Mohammad , Milady Shima , Gholami Marjan
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Planning in the field of medical tourism is of particular importance. The main objective of this research was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the growth of medical tourism in Iran. It could be a small step toward promoting entrepreneurship and increasing non-oil revenues in the country. Methods: Studies published in the Persian and English language during the years 2006-2019 in Science Direct, ProQuest, Springer, Medline, Scopus, Ovid, and SID databases were reviewed, and the findings were then compared. Results: A total of 75 articles out of 2631 unique publications were included in this study. Most articles reported studies performed for all patients, including the whole country (Iran) (n=22, 30%), Shiraz only (n=11, 15%), Tehran only (n=11, 15%), Mashhad only (n=6, 8%), Isfahan only (n=5, 6%), and Ardabil only (n=4, 5%). Conclusion: Given the history of Iranian hospitals in attracting foreign patients and the analysis of their status, there are many limitations in achieving a proper standing in the medical tourism industry. Strategies offered by various managers and authorities in tourism can lead to increased attraction of medical tourists to public and private hospitals in Shiraz, relying on the capabilities and potential of Shiraz and its health sectors, including climate and nature, cultural and historical attractions, renowned practitioners, advanced equipment, facilities, and methods, and thereby generating more foreign exchange earnings and employment.
Exploring the Potential of the Learning Designer as a Teacher
Support Tool
Authors: Zalavra Eleni , Papanikolaou Kyparisia
Published: April 2020

This paper reports on a study carried out with pre‑service
teachers who first developed a course by designing it in a Learning
Design (LD) tool and then implemented it as a course in Moodle. The
research explores the potential of the Learning Designer, the LD
tool utilized in the study, by addressing three aspects of the LD
tool’s added value for teachers as designers: a) the development of
a learning design, b) the reflection on a design and c) the
usefulness of the LD process using an LD tool towards the
implementation of a design in a Learning Management System (LMS).
The findings suggest that the graphical representation of a learning
design provided by the LD tool supports designers to structure
learning activities. The components of a learning design
incorporated in the LD tool such as the learning outcomes, the type
of a learning activity according to a typology and how learners are
organized scaffold the articulation of the pedagogy of a learning
design. Moreover, the pre‑service teachers requested more components
e.g. for organizing technology‑enhanced learning and more
customizable features e.g. for defining and combining activity
types. All means of design analysis, especially the graphical ones
trigger the designers’ reflection on the nature of the activities
included in a learning design and provoke them to improve it. The
pre‑service teachers perceived as beneficial the LD process in the
Learning Designer towards considering components of the learning
design which are applicable in its implementation as a course in an
LMS. Nevertheless, difficulties were reported concerning
non‑matching and missing components leading to the reconsideration
of aspects of the original design during the implementation. The
conclusions drawn from the study’s findings reveal the potential of
the Learning Designer to support teachers as designers and are of
value both to researchers involved with developing LD tools and to
practitioners interested in harnessing an LD tool to promote LD
practices.
Pemisahan Campuran Asam Lemak Dengan Metode Kromatografi Kolom Menggunakan Fasa Diam Berbahan Dasar Abu Sekam Padi
Authors: Widiastuti Endang
Published: April 2020

Indonesia sebagai negara agraris mempunyai banyak jenis tumbuhan penghasil minyak nabati yang mengandung asam lemak jenuh dan tidak jenuh. Asam lemak tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh industri makanan dan obat-obatan. Asam-asam lemak yang masih berupa campuran perlu dipisahkan, salah satunya dengan metoda kromatografi ion perak. Prinsip dari metode ini adalah berdasarkan perbedaan afinitas antara asam lemak dengan fasa diam dan fasa gerak. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan tingkat keberhasilan proses pemisahan pada kromatografi adalah fasa diam.   Pada penelitian ini, fasa diam diperoleh dengan memanfaatkan silika yang terkandung dalam abu sekam padi. Silika yang diperoleh berbentuk sol yang kemudian dimodifikasi dengan AgNO3 menggunakan senyawa pendukung yang divariasikan jenisnya yaitu amino propil trimetoksisilan (APTS) dan kitosan. Kedua jenis silika yang dimodifikasi kemudian dianalisis kadar ion Ag yang terikat secara titrasi potensiometri, Selanjutnya silika tersebut digunakan sebagai fasa diam pada kolom kromatografi padat-cair, untuk memisahkan campuran asam oleat, asam palmitat dan asam stearat yang telah dimetilasi. Eluen yang digunakan pada pemisahan adalah campuran kloroform- metanol atau benzene-metanol yang komposisinya divariasikan antara 100:0 hingga 90:10. Hasil pemisahan dari kolom tersebut dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC). Dari penelitian ini, ion Ag yang terikat pada silika-kitosan adalah 87% sedangkan silika-APTS adalah 89% karena perbedaannya tidak signifikan maka sebagai fasa diam pada kolom kromatografi digunakan silika kitosan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara SEM dan EDS, silika tersebut mengandung SiO2 69% dan Ag2O 18%. Hasil pemisahan dari kolom kromatografi menunjukan bahwa campuran metil oleat dan metil palmitat dapat dielusi dengan pelarut kloroform – methanol, sedangkan campuran metil palmitat dan metil stearat dielusi dengan pelarut benzena-metanol. Kedua jenis eleun tersebut mempunyai perbandingan komposisi yang sama yaitu 97:3.
Pembuatan gula Cair dari Pati Singkong dengan menggunakan Hidrolisis Enzimatis
Authors: Permanasari Ayu Ratna , Yulistiani Fitria
Published: April 2020

Pada penelitian ini dibuat gula cair dari tepung tapioka yang dihidrolisis dengan enzim. Hidrolisis enzimatis pati terdiri dari dua tahapan yaitu liquifikasi dan sakarifikasi. Pada proses liquifikasi digunakan enzim á-amilase untuk memecah pati yang mengandung amilosa dan amilopektin menjadi dekstrin. Selanjutnya pada tahapan kedua proses sakarifikasi, dimana dekstrin dihidolisa menjadi glukosa dengan bantuan enzim glukoamilase. Volume enzim cair yang ditambahkan adalah 0,3; 0,4; dan 0,5 ml sedangkan konsentrasi substrat divariasikan 25%; 33,3%; dan 40%. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi substrat 33,3% dan volume enzim sebesar 0,3 ml, yaitu memiliki kecepatan hidrolisis yang paling cepat untuk proses liquifikasi dan sakarifikasi.
Pembuatan Biopelet dari Campuran Cangkang dan Daging Biji Karet menggunakan Screw Oilpress Machine
Authors: Ahmadan Fatria , Trisnaliani Lety , Tahdid Tahdid , Agustin Depera , Putri Arananda Dwi
Published: April 2020

Biopelet adalah salah satu sumber energi alternatif untuk mengurangi ketergantungan bahan bakar fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suhu optimal dan rasio ideal biopellet yang terbuat dari cangkang dan inti biji karet dalam produksi biopellet menggunakan mesin pengepres minyak ulir sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 8021-2014) yang meliputi nilai pemanasan, kadar abu, kadar air, bahan mudah menguap, dan kepadatan biopellet. Jumlah sampel biopellet dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 sampel dengan berbagai variasi suhu bahan dasar. Perbandingan cangkang dan inti biji karet dalam penelitian ini meliputi: 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, dan 40:60 dengan variasi suhu 200ᵒC dan 150ᵒC. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa komposisi biopelet terbaik adalah sampel pada suhu 200ᵒC, dan rasio cangkang dan kernel biji karet 80:20 dengan nilai kalor 5,083,4919 kal/g, kadar air 4,00%, kepadatan 1,6322 g/cm3, kadar abu 1,9802%, bahan mudah menguap 77,1888%, dan karbon tetap 16,8317%. Nilai kalor dan analisis terdekat telah memenuhi SNI 8021: 2014.
Evaluasi Deteksi Berbasis PCR untuk Bakteri Bifidobacterium longum dalam Sampel Feses Bayi dari Kota Manado
Authors: Kolondam Beivy Jonathan
Published: April 2020

Bifidobakteria merupakan mikroflora yang umum hidup dalam usus manusia sejak bayi. Peran Bifidobacterium longum yang positif sebagai salah satu bakteri yang menunjang kesehatan inangnya membuat bakteri ini menjadi objek studi yang menarik. Salah satu instrumen dalam penelitian adalah adalah metode deteksi bakteri B. longum yang berbasis PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) gen 16S rRNA. Dengan mempertimbangkan bahwa perancangan primer untuk deteksi ini sudah lebih dari 20 tahun, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi hasil deteksi melalui PCR terhadap B. longum dalam feses bayi. Akurasi hasil dilihat melalui sekuensing terhadap hasil PCR sampel yang terdeteksi positif. Dua sampel feses bayi di Manado yang diperiksa menunjukkan hasil positif dan produk PCR tersebut dilakukan sekuensing. Panjang DNA yang nyata dari hasil deteksi ini yaitu 829 bp dan bukan 831 bp. Sekuens DNA kedua sampel ini identik satu sama lain. Hasil BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) mengonfirmasi kesamaan 100% (identik) dari kedua specimen dari Kota Manado dengan sekuens gen 16S rRNA specimen bakteri B. longum yang telah ada dalam GenBank.Kata-kata kunci: Bifidobacterium longum, Polymerase Chain Reaction, deteksi, feses, bayi. Evaluation of PCR-Based Detection for Bifidobacterium longum in Infant Fecal Samples from Manado City ABSTRACTBifidobacteria are common members of the gut microflora of humans since infant. The Bifidobacterium longum has positive roles and one of supportive bacteria to the host, which made interesting as a study object. One instrument in studying this bacterial species is the detection method based on PCR of 16S rRNA gene. In consideration of the design of primers for this detection method is already more than 20 years, this research aimed to evaluate the PCR-based detection of B. longum in infant feces. The accuracy of the method was evaluated from sequencing of DNA fragment from positive results. Two fecal samples in Manado City shown positive result were sent for sequencing. The actual length of DNA amplified by PCR was 829 bp, not 831 bp. The DNA sequence of both samples were identical to each other. The BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) result confirmed the similarity of both samples from Manado with 16S rRNA gene sequence of B. longum specimens in GenBank.Keywords: Bifidobacterium longum, Polymerase Chain Reaction, detection, feces, infant.
LOCAL FEATURES OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH LULLABIES
Authors: KARIMOVА Farokhat
Published: April 2020

Lullabies are one of the examples of the ancient heritage of our people. His role in maturing children and their outlook formation is enormous. Adaptation with outer world is primarily intended for sleeping and, therefore, the most common words in lullabies are aimed at soothing and sleeping the child. A leading idea in lullabies is to acquaint the child with the universe around him and to wish him the best. Based on this, we have compared them in English and Uzbek languages in order to increase their importance. We tried to find their dialectic similarities and distinctive traits in this article. The article gives you information about local features among native dialects in the Uzbek language. Different features of the languages between English and Uzbek languages are based on dialectical elements. The article describes the dialectic characteristics and differences of the Uzbek dialects of Khorezm, Bukhara, Karakalpak and Fergana valleys and the Scottish heritage of English. The differences between the two languages are indicated by the examples. During the analysis, it is possible to see words, suffixes and even letters that differ from dialect to dialect. It is possible to find out which dialect is specific to this lullaby. It is possible to find out that the area where the lullaby is sung is located in the mountains the help of the word ‘mountain’ or by words like sea and waves, this place is located near the sea. The following article will explain how these features are expressed in the English and the Uzbek languages.
STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF ONION (Allium cepaL) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM OTITIS MEDIA.
Authors: &et al. Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of onion (Allium cepaL.) aqueous extract against S. aureus bacteria isolated from patients with otitis media. Twenty swabs samples were taken from patients with otitis infection; these samples were cultured on different agar media .Results revealed that half of these isolates were related to S. aureus and the five of these isolates were subject to sensitivity test against several antibiotic groups. Most of isolates 100% were resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin and pencillin, and 60 % of were showed resistance to cefotaxtime and tetracycline, where as 20 % were resistance to Ciprofloxacin. Depending on the results of antibiotic sensitivity, the two isolates(S2,S5) were chosen  for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, S2 isolate showed high-level of resistance at (16 and 128 µg/ml) to chloraemphenicol, amoxicillin, ampicillin and Cefotaxime respectively, while S5 at concentration (32, 64 and 128 µg\ml) were resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloraemphenicol and cefotaxtime. The MIC of onion extract against S. aureus was determined at two incubation periods The results were indicated that after 24 hrs, MIC of extract at 64 µg/ml was affected in inhibit the growth of S2 isolate, While 32 µg/ml was inhibited the growth of S5 isolate.However, after 72 hrs, It was found that the MIC at 32, 64 and 128 µg/ml were more effective in inhibited the growth of S2 and S5 isolates.
The rates of mutations associated with macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium among patients with non-gonococcal sexually transmitted infections in Smolensk and Tula
Authors: Zubareva L.M. , Edelstein Inna A. , Rudneva N.S. , Romanov Andrey V. , Vlasova T.A. , Lavrinenkova Yu.V. , Sukhanova L.N. , Ahmedova A.M. , Kuzmenkov Alexey Yu. , Trushin Ivan V. , Evstafev V.V.
Published: April 2020

Objective.

In this study, we examined the prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. genitalium in two Russian cities, Smolensk and Tula, between 2013 and 2017.
Materials and Methods.

DNA’s samples were isolated from urethral and cervicovaginal swabs using primary screening and tested for macrolide resistance-associated mutations by real-time PCR. This technology makes it possible to identify any nucleotide substitutions in the 23S rRNA M. genitalium gene at positions 2058, 2059, 2611 M. genitalium by melting curve analysis after the amplification.
Results.

According to the study in two cities (Smolensk and Tula) macrolide resistance-associated mutations were found in 3, 65% of isolates (21⁄574). The A2058G transition 23S rRNA MGE was the most common mutation that is associated with macrolide resistance: 5⁄12 (41.6%) – Smolensk, 8⁄9 (88.8%) – Tula. Rare substitutions have been reported at position A2058T 23S rRNA MGE and at position C2611T23S rRNA MGE. All received data is published at the AntiMicrobial Resistance Map (AMRmap) (http://AMRmap.com).
Conclusions.

According to our study, the frequency of macrolide-resistance mutations in M. genitalium was not more than 4% in two cities of Central Russia during 2013–2017. Despite the relatively low rates of resistance of M. genitalium to macrolides in Smolensk and Tula, our data emphasize the need for epidemiological surveillance of resistance in this pathogen.
Epidemiological significance of genome variations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing chronic lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Shaginyan I.A. , Avetisyan L.R. , Chernukha Marina Yu. , Siyanova E.A. , Burmistrov E.M. , Voronkova A.Yu. , Kondratieva E.I. , Chuchalin A.G. , Gintzburg A.L.
Published: April 2020

Objective.

To present the data on the main mechanism of molecular variation in P. aeruginosa causing chronic lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Materials and Methods.

A total of 1800 throat swabs and sputum samples from cystic fibrosis patients were included in the study over the 10-year period. P. aeruginosa isolates were primarily identified by the biochemical method using the API 20NE test strips (bioMerieux, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Genotyping was conducted by RAPD-PCR and MLST. Whole genome sequencing of three typical P. aeruginosa isolates was performed on an Ion PGM Torrent platform with Ion Sequencing Kit and 316v1 chips (Life Technologies Thermo Fisher, US) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The RAST web application was used for initial annotation.
Results.

There were three main variants of the pathogen variability found: population heterogeneity, pathogen microevolution, and replacement by another genotype of the same species. The variation of the pathogen’s genome is due to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements (plasmids), mutations in the chromosomal genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, bacterial viability and survival during persistence in a host, and changes in the prophage regions of the pathogen.
Conclusions.

Epidemiological significance of the molecular mechanisms of pathogen variation is primarily due to the ability of strains to form epidemiologically significant clone. This requires control measures aimed to limit emergence and distribution of such clones to be developed.
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO
Authors: Lismana Heliani
Published: April 2020

Abstrak - Dividen merupakan salah satu tujuan investor untuk menanamkan modalnya. Untuk adanya pengembalian dividen tersebut dapat dilihat dari seberapa baik likuiditas dan profitabilitas yang dicapai oleh perusahaan. Semakin baik likuiditas dan profitabilitas perusahaan maka akan semakin memungkinkan perusahaan membayarkan dividen kepada para pemegang saham. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh likuiditas dan profitabilitas terhadap dividend payout ratio (DPR). Variabel likuiditas diukur dengan menggunakan Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Profitabilitas diukur dengan menggunakan Return on Asset (ROA), dan pembayaran dividen menggunakan Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Dalam penelitian ini populasi yang digunakan sebanyak 55 perusahaan sektor perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2017. Pemilihan sampel penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga didapatkan 8 perusahaan sektor perbankan yang memenuhi kriteria. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variabel dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS. Dari hasil pengujian statistik tersebut menunjukan bahwa menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas berpengaruh terhadap dividend payout ratio. Sedangkan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap dividend payout ratio.

 

Abstract - Dividends are one of the objectives of investors to invest their capital. For representatives of dividends that can be seen from the liquidity and profitability obtained by the company. The better the company's liquidity and profitability, the more it will be possible for companies to pay dividends to shareholders. This study discusses how to increase liquidity and profitability on dividend payout ratio (DPR). Liquidity variables ismeasured using a Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), profitability is measure using  Return on Assets (ROA), and dividend payments using Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). In this study the population used was 55 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013-2017. The research sample selection uses a purposive sampling method obtained by 8 banking sector companies that meet the criteria. Hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression  to determine the influence between variables by using SPSS. Statistical test result show that based on regression testing, liquidity has effect to dividend payments. While profitability does not affect dividend payout ratios.
Effects of Soil Parameters Uncertainties on the Behaviour of Anisotropic Porous Media to Shear Waves
Authors: Sadouki Amina , Harichane Zamila , Erken Ayfer
Published: April 2020

In the present study, the wave equations for shear waves propagating in anisotropic fluid-saturated porous media are established in order to obtain the solutions in terms of displacements and dispersion equation. The wave velocities in the vertical and horizontal directions are derived. The uncertainties of the soil parameters due to their spatial variability are taken into account via Monte Carlo Simulations. The results are restricted to the effects of the porosity and permeability uncertainties on the phase velocity and attenuation for SH wave in addition to the anisotropy for Love wave. Results show that the mean velocities are more sensitive to the random variations of the permeability than to that of the porosity, but both phase velocity and attenuation decrease as the uncertainties increase. On the other hand, the anisotropy level and the randomness significantly affect the dispersion of Love waves. The present approach which converts a deterministic solution in a probabilistic one may be used as an everyday tool for practical applications of shear wave propagation in random media.
IRAK-M Regulates Monocyte Trafficking to the Lungs in Response to Bleomycin Challenge
Authors: Reader Brenda F. , Sethuraman Shruthi , Hay Bryan R. , Thomas Becket Rose Viguna , Karpurapu Manjula , Chung Sangwoon , Lee Yong Gyu , Christman John W. , Ballinger Megan N.
Published: April 2020

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a deadly disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the lungs, resulting in decreased pulmonary function. Although epithelial cells and fibroblasts have long been the focus of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis research, the role of various subpopulations of macrophages in promoting a fibrotic response is an emerging target. Healthy lungs are composed of two macrophage populations, tissue-resident alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages, which help to maintain homeostasis. After injury, tissue-resident alveolar macrophages are depleted, and monocytes from the bone marrow (BM) traffic to the lungs along a CCL2/CCR2 axis and differentiate into monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo-AMs), which is a cell population implicated in murine models of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we sought to determine how IL-1R–associated kinase-M (IRAK-M), a negative regulator of TLR signaling, modulates monocyte trafficking into the lungs in response to bleomycin. Our data indicate that after bleomycin challenge, mice lacking IRAK-M have decreased monocyte trafficking and reduced Mo-AMs in their lungs. Although IRAK-M expression did not regulate differences in chemokines, cytokines, or adhesion molecules associated with monocyte recruitment, IRAK-M was necessary for CCR2 upregulation following bleomycin challenge. This finding prompted us to develop a competitive BM chimera model, which demonstrated that expression of BM-derived IRAK-M was necessary for monocyte trafficking into the lung and for subsequent enhanced collagen deposition. These data indicate that IRAK-M regulates monocyte trafficking by increasing the expression of CCR2, resulting in enhanced monocyte translocation into the lung, Mo-AM differentiation, and development of pulmonary fibrosis.
Localized Immunomodulation with PD-L1 Results in Sustained Survival and Function of Allogeneic Islets without Chronic Immunosuppression
Authors: Batra Lalit , Shrestha Pradeep , Zhao Hong , Woodward Kyle B. , Togay Alper , Tan Min , Grimany-Nuno Orlando , Malik Mohammad Tariq , Coronel María M. , García Andrés J. , Shirwan Haval , Yolcu Esma S.
Published: April 2020

Allogeneic islet transplantation is limited by adverse effects of chronic immunosuppression used to control rejection. The programmed cell death 1 pathway as an important immune checkpoint has the potential to obviate the need for chronic immunosuppression. We generated an oligomeric form of programmed cell death 1 ligand chimeric with core streptavidin (SA-PDL1) that inhibited the T effector cell response to alloantigens and converted T conventional cells into CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. The SA-PDL1 protein was effectively displayed on the surface of biotinylated mouse islets without a negative impact islet viability and insulin secretion. Transplantation of SA-PDL1–engineered islet grafts with a short course of rapamycin regimen resulted in sustained graft survival and function in >90% of allogeneic recipients over a 100-d observation period. Long-term survival was associated with increased levels of intragraft transcripts for innate and adaptive immune regulatory factors, including IDO-1, arginase-1, Foxp3, TGF-β, IL-10, and decreased levels of proinflammatory T-bet, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ as assessed on day 3 posttransplantation. T cells of long-term graft recipients generated a proliferative response to donor Ags at a similar magnitude to T cells of naive animals, suggestive of the localized nature of tolerance. Immunohistochemical analyses showed intense peri-islet infiltration of T regulatory cells in long-term grafts and systemic depletion of this cell population resulted in prompt rejection. The transient display of SA-PDL1 protein on the surface of islets serves as a practical means of localized immunomodulation that accomplishes sustained graft survival in the absence of chronic immunosuppression with potential clinical implications.
Serine Phosphorylation of the STAT1 Transactivation Domain Promotes Autoreactive B Cell and Systemic Autoimmunity Development
Authors: Chodisetti Sathi Babu , Fike Adam J. , Domeier Phillip P. , Schell Stephanie L. , Mockus Taryn E. , Choi Nicholas M. , Corradetti Chelsea , Hou Baidong , Atkins Hannah M. , Caricchio Roberto , Decker Thomas , Lukacher Aron E. , Olsen Nancy , Rahman Ziaur S. M.
Published: April 2020

Although STAT1 tyrosine-701 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pY701) is indispensable for STAT1 function, the requirement for STAT1 serine-727 phosphorylation (designated STAT1-pS727) during systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses remains unclear. Using autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant in which serine is replaced by alanine, we report in this study that STAT1-pS727 promotes autoimmune Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, driving autoantibody production and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development. In contrast, STAT1-pS727 is not required for GC, T follicular helper cell (Tfh), and Ab responses to various foreign Ags, including pathogens. STAT1-pS727 is also not required for gut microbiota and dietary Ag–driven GC and Tfh responses in B6.Sle1b mice. By generating B cell–specific bone marrow chimeras, we demonstrate that STAT1-pS727 plays an important B cell–intrinsic role in promoting autoimmune AFC, GC, and Tfh responses, leading to SLE-associated autoantibody production. Our analysis of the TLR7-accelerated B6.Sle1b.Yaa SLE disease model expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant reveals STAT1-pS727–mediated regulation of autoimmune AFC and GC responses and lupus nephritis development. Together, we identify previously unrecognized differential regulation of systemic autoimmune and antipathogen responses by STAT1-pS727. Our data implicate STAT1-pS727 as a therapeutic target for SLE without overtly affecting STAT1-mediated protection against pathogenic infections.
Surgical treatment of large hemangioma of the scrotum in a young adult male
Authors: Iafrate Massimo , Leone Nicolò , Tiengo Cesare , Zattoni Filiberto
Published: April 2020

A 24-year-old male came to our clinic for a volumetric increase of a suspected scrotal hemangioma with thrombosis episodes. The ultrasound rose the suspicion of hemangioma and the Magnetic Resonance (MR) of the scrotum confirmed the suspicion. The mass was surgically removed and histopathology described a hemangioma cavernous. The postoperative course was regular and no subsequent relapse was shown in 5 months follow-up.
Microbiological criteria: Principles for their establishment and application in food quality and safety
Authors: Pérez-Lavalle Liliana , Carrasco Elena , Valero Diaz Antonio
Published: April 2020

Legislation on food safety has led towards the standardization of food productions which, together with the existing quality certifications, aim to increase the level of protection of public health. It is recognized the need for the agri-food industry to have tools to harmonize their productions and to adequately manage their quality systems in order to improve consumers’ confidence. The implementation of microbiological criteria is focused on facilitating this harmonization by enabling the discrimination of defective lots and acting as control tools at industrial level. Therefore, knowledge of the principles, components and factors influencing the efficiency of microbiological criteria may be helpful to better understand the consequences of their application. In the present study the main principles, methodologies and applications of microbiological criteria in foods are addressed for their implementation as a part of the management quality systems of agrifood industries. In addition, potential limitations and impact of microbiological criteria on food safety are discussed. Finally, an assessment of the performance of microbiological criteria at EU level in berries is described for the compliance of the socalled risk-based metrics, namely Performance Objectives and Food Safety Objectives.
Diálogos entre Ciência e Arte: Uma leitura a partir da obra de Remedios Varo para um Ensino sobre as Ciências
Authors: Carvalho Taina De Araujo , Reis José Claudio
Published: April 2020

As pesquisas da educação científica indicam a necessidade de um ensino sobre as ciências que possa discutir os processos da mesma a fim de se distanciar de visões ingênuas e deturpadas. Dentro desta perspectiva, defendemos o diálogo entre ciência e arte como forma de entender o conhecimento científico como cultura de determinado local e época. Seguindo essa abordagem, faremos uma leitura, a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias, de alguns quadros da obra da artista surrealista espanhola Remedios Varo que ajudam a refletir sobre questões que permeiam a ciência. Para a leitura, traremos o contexto da artista junto a temas que a ciência esteve envolvida no século XX. Por fim, suscitaremos algumas questões combinadas a sugestões dessa leitura para o ensino, com o intuito de promover discussões que possam problematizar a ciência a fim de nos afastarmos de discursos cientificistas e autoritários.
A pesquisa em ensino de CTEM e sua interação com aspectos da educação não formal e espaços não formais
Authors: Coimbra-Araujo Carlos H. , Speck Raquel A. , Ferreira Gabriela K. , Bartelmebs Roberta C. , Berticelli Danilene G. D. , Santos Geocris R. , Schreiner Marcos A. , Monte-Alto Helio H. L. C. , Tonezer Camila , Rosset Isac G. , Bergold Arthur William de Brito
Published: April 2020

A pesquisa na área de ensino, em particular no ensino de Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia e Matemática (CTEM), repercute positivamente para compreender o modus operandi de profissionais da educação, dos níveis Fundamental e Médio, no ensino de Física, Química, Matemática e Computação. O desenvolvimento das CTEMs a partir de aspectos da educação não formal ou via uso de espaços não formais de ensino de ciências são extremamente importantes para complementar o currículo tradicional, auxiliando o professor e profissionais da educação para a motivação dos alunos em relação às CTEMs. De uma forma mais geral, outrossim, observa-se que o tema da educação não formal afeta diretamente o modo de se realizar divulgação científica e, em especial, popularizar a ciência em meios socialmente fragilizados. A educação não formal e os espaços não formais de ciências despontam, dessa forma, como laboratórios férteis para o desenvolvimento do próprio ensino formal, complementando-o. Nesse sentido, espaços não formais como museus científicos e eventos como as feiras de ciência são definidos, caracterizados e exemplificados.
Terceirização da Educação Física no ensino básico
Authors: Nunes Fábio Santana
Published: April 2020

É perceptível, na atualidade, a crescente terceirização ocorrente em escala global, e no Brasil, com as novas regulamentações trabalhistas, quase todos os serviços podem ser executados por trabalhadores terceiros. Este ensaio é assentado na seguinte indagação: quais os aspectos e os possíveis problemas da terceirização na Educação Física Escolar? O objetivo do estudo ora sob relato foi analisar o expresso fenômeno e sua relação com a disciplina pesquisada, identificando as características e refletindo sobre os possíveis desdobramentos no cotidiano das práticas pedagógicas. Optou-se por uma pesquisa em uma grande unidade de ensino da rede privada de Feira de Santana, maior cidade do interior do Estado da Bahia. Identificaram-se algumas características da terceirização da Educação Física Escolar, dentre as quais não ter status como disciplina pertencente ao currículo básico, inexistência de interdisciplinaridade, ausência de professores de Educação Física das reuniões pedagógicas, dentre outras características.