bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest Stands Formation on Exhausted Peat Bogs in the North-East of the European Part of Russia
Authors: Ulanov A. N. , Smirnova A. V. , Ulanov N. A.
Published: April 2024

It has been established that the directed construction of forest-meadow-bog agricultural landscapes in the place of territories that have been abandoned from industrial peat extraction is the most promising and environmentally friendly way to restore the biospheric functions of disturbed bog ecosystems. A special role in the ecological framework of the emerging agricultural landscape belongs to forest cultures. Long-term studies show that Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula) form the basis of future cultivated forest stands. With artificial reforestation, the best result was obtained on residual gley-degraded peat soils, where the peat layer does not exceed 20–30 cm, and the drainage rate is 80–100 cm. The most optimal conditions for the development of all the tree and shrub species were found to be near open reclamation canals. In this case, forest plantations are arranged in the form of shelterbelts 10–15 m wide. Natural reforestation as an alternative is possible, but it is characterized by slower dynamics and only a slight increase in commercial timber stocks. The process of self-recovery also largely depends on the degree of depletion of the residual deposit and the degree of its water content. In the structure of the post-bog forest-meadow landscape, the share of forest should be at least 20–30%.
Photosynthesis of widespread lichen species in pine forests of Central Siberia
Authors: Polosukhina D. A. , Makhnykina A. V. , Aryasov V. E. , Trusov D. V. , Prokushkin A. S.
Published: April 2024

Lichens and other terrestrial photosynthetic unicellular organisms of the planet consume nearly 14.3 billion tons of atmospheric CO2. Due to climate change, such important components of the forest ground cover as lichens are very vulnerable. This study evaluates the photosynthetic activity in widespread lichens by measuring the indices of net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and prompt fluorescence. Hence, cryptogams of pine forests in Central Siberia near the Zotino tall tower observatory (ZOTTO) are characterized as highly active. Cladonia stellaris (Opiz.) Brodo and Cladonia rangiferina (L.) are the main representatives of ground cover species. The purpose of this study was to determine the photosynthetic activity in dominant species of ground cover lichens during a growing season. We found the seasonal dynamics of photosynthesis with the lowest values being observed in June, and the highest ones in August. Dark respiration peaks in June and is the lowest in September. Fluorescence values are within the range of 6.7 ± 0.3. The species under study that grow on podzol soils in pine forests show fast kinetic activation.
Biological Properties of the Siberian Pine’s Seeds
Authors: Tretyakova I. N.
Published: April 2024

A study of the biological properties of the Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) seeds was carried out. Four seed categories were used in the work, differing in size: large (11–14 mm in length), medium (9–10 mm), small (7–8 mm) and very small seeds (6 mm). The seeds quality study using the X-ray and the histochemical analyses showed that the size of the seeds can indicate their defectiveness. Fractions of small and very small seeds of Siberian pine turned out to be completely sterile, most of the seeds of large and medium fractions were viable. Cytoembryological studies have shown that in trees that form empty and underdeveloped seeds (fractions of medium and large seeds), disturbances in the embryological structures development can be observed. These disturbances take place at the stage of gametophytogenesis and the archegonia development. In trees with large seeds, gametogenesis proceeds without deviations, four archegonia are formed in the ovules, and polyembryonic seeds are formed (up to 16 embryos in the germinal canal). In Siberian pine trees with a one-year reproductive cycle, the seed size varies from very small to large. In these trees, the development of the female gametophyte is completed and archegonia are formed. However, in the ovules of trees with a one-year reproductive cycle, fertilization of eggs does not occur and seeds without an embryo are formed. During the period of stratification (four months), in most seeds of the medium and large fractions the intraseed, growth of the embryo was completely completed. In in vitro culture on MS medium with a low concentration of hormones, the growth of the germinal axis was carried out in seven days of cultivation. The embryos germinated successfully. Thus, based on experiments on the Siberian pine embryos cultivation, it can be concluded that the seeds of this species can enter organic (morphophysiological) dormancy. When creating optimal conditions for germination (nutrient substrat, temperature 24 ± 1°C), Siberian pine seeds are able to germinate.
Age-Related Changes in the Ratios of the Components of Aboveground Phytomass of Forest-Forming Species of Eurasia
Authors: Usoltsev V. А. , Tsepordey I. S.
Published: April 2024

The assessment of phytomass, as the most important characteristic of forest ecosystems, plays a key role in monitoring the global carbon cycle and assessing the state of forests. In order for the species to achieve optimal productivity at the plant level, some proportionality between the functions and phytomass of its components must be ensured. The theory of optimal phytomass partitioning suggests that plants adapt the size of their organs not only to the external environment, but also to the physiological activity of various tissues. According to this theory, it has been established that the share of the component in the total phytomass (i.e., the relative phytomass of the component) is not constant: if in mature trees the largest share of phytomass falls on the stem and the smallest on the assimilation apparatus, then in seedlings the largest share of phytomass falls not on the stem, but on the assimilation organs. In order to establish the age at which the aforementioned trends change, the author’s database on the phytomass of trees belonging to the forest-forming genera of Eurasia was used. Models of changes in relative phytomasses for four coniferous and four deciduous forest-forming genera have been developed in relation to the age and the aboveground phytomass. Their contributions to the explanation of the variability of relative phytomass components amounted to 57–60 and 40–43%, respectively. It is established that with age the positive dependence of the relative phytomass of the stem upon the aboveground phytomass is replaced by a negative one, and the negative dependence of the relative phytomass of the branches is replaced by a positive one. The negative dependence of the relative foliage mass upon the aboveground phytomass by the age of maturity is leveled. The ages of the change of the positive or negative dependence of the relative phytomass of the components upon the aboveground phytomass by the opposite dependence in the studied age range have been established. However, the ages of the change of these rankings vary greatly in different genera, and further research is needed both to clarify the ages of the named shift and to clarify the reasons for such a significant variation. The obtained results showed that the relative phytomasses of the components change with age and phytomass in their interaction, i.e. there is a synergy of factors.
Juvenile Resistance of Barley Cultivars and Accessions to Net-, Spot-, and Hybrid (Net × Spot) Forms of Pyrenophora teres
Authors: Lashina N. M. , Mironenko N. V. , Zubkovich A. A. , Afanasenko O. S.
Published: April 2024

Barley net blotch is an economically important disease. The causative agent is an ascomycete, Pyrenophora teres, which exists in two forms: P. teres f. teres (Ptt) and P. teres f. maculata (Ptm), which differ in their symptoms on barley plants. These two forms are easily crossed in laboratory conditions with the formation of fertile offspring, however, it is extremely difficult to prove the hybrid nature of fungal isolates, sometimes found in natural populations of the pathogen and bearing signs of both forms. In 2020, we first identified Ptt × Ptm hybrids in natural populations of P. teres in Krasnodar Region in isolates collected in 2016. The aim of the studies was to compare the virulence of two Ptt isolates, two Ptm isolates of different origin and a hybrid isolate Ptt × Ptm to a wide set of barley genotypes from the VIR collection pre-selected for Ptt resistance, to determine variability of the virulence trait in the hybrid isolate and characterize resistance to both forms of the fungus and hybrid. Depending on the barley genotype, 3 types of disease symptoms were manifested upon inoculation with the Ptt × Ptm hybrid isolate: (1) similar to Ptt, (2) similar to Ptm, and (3) a mixed type. Apparently, the manifestation of symptoms after inoculation with the hybrid isolate depends on the barley genotype influencing the expression of certain pathogen effector genes. It was shown that in most cases Ptm isolates differ in virulence from Ptt isolates to the same barley genotypes, and the Ptt × Ptm hybrid isolate from both Ptt and Ptm. On average, the Ptt × Ptm hybrid isolate was less aggressive than the Ptt and Ptm isolates. A comparison of the types of responses of barley genotypes to all studied isolates of Ptt and Ptm revealed 8.8% of genotypes resistant to both forms of P. teres and 5.6% to Ptt, Ptm and the hybrid isolate Ptt × Ptm. The virulence of natural hybrid between two forms of P. teres Ptt × Ptm was studied for the first time. The barley genotypes resistant to the two forms of the net blotch are valuable source of resistance for barley breeding.
Identification of Green Coffee Contaminated Microfungi of the Genus Aspergillus on the Basis of Polyphasic Approach
Authors: Minaeva L. P. , Markova Yu. M. , Evsyukova A. D. , Sedova I. B. , Chalyy Z. A.
Published: April 2024

The Aspergillus species are widespread in the environment, able to grow at high temperatures and minimal humidity, including in regions with a hot tropical climate. Some species have the potential to produce toxins. This causes the risk of contamination by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and the mycotoxins (MT) produced by them of plant materials and food products, which is possible at any stage of production, transportation and storage. In the volume of coffee imported to the Russian Federation, 85% is accounted for by raw materials (green coffee), for which the risks of mold damage remain at all stages preceding the roasting stage. It is relevant to study the species composition and toxinogenic properties of  Aspergillus spp., which contaminate food raw materials for the production of mass consumption foodstuffs. Contaminated products include coffee, which is one of the basic products of the consumer basket. Reliable data on species identification and toxigenic potential of Aspergillus spp. can be obtained only with an integrated approach based on polyphasic taxonomy. The purpose of this work is to study the species composition of fungi of the genus Aspergillus isolated from green coffee using an integrated approach based on polyphasic taxonomy. The species composition of fungi of the genus Aspergillus from the internal mycoflora of 16 samples of green coffee beans of  Arabica and Robusta. The species belonging of the isolated 34 singlspore isolates of Aspergillus spp. was determined by cultural and morphological methods and confirmed by molecular genetic analysis, i.e., RT-PCR with DNA markers of conservative sequences (ITS, CaM, β-tub), studied in vitro profile of produced secondary toxic metabolites. The dominance of species of the Niger section was established (A. niger, 90%, and  A. tubingensis, A. carbonarius); then, in decreasing order, the species of section Flavi followed (A. flavus, 100%), sections Circumdati (A. ochraceus, 40% and A. westerdijkiae, 60%). In section Fumigati there was one strain of A. fumigatus. Analysis of the profile of toxic metabolites by HPLC-MS/MS in the multi-detection mode showed the production of mycotoxins by the following species: A. niger – fumonisin B2 and ochratoxin A, A. flavus – aflatoxins B1 and B2 together with sterigmatocystin, A. westerdijkiae – ochratoxin A and penicillic acid, A. ochraceus – penicillic acid. Amounts of produced MT show a high toxinogenic potential of Aspergillus spp. Thus, 20 out of 34 strains produced significant amounts of dangerous, regulated mycotoxins: AFL B1, OTA, FB2. Non-toxinogenic isolates were represented by the species A. niger, A. carbonarius, A. tubingensis, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus. A study of the species composition and toxinogenic properties of green coffee contaminants of the genus Aspergillus using a polyphasic approach was carried out in Russia for the first time.
The Number and Species Diversity of Cultured Microfungi on the Barents Sea Coast
Authors: Мyazin V. А. , Isakova E. A. , Korneykova M. V.
Published: April 2024

The number and diversity of cultivated microscopic fungi isolated from seawater, littoral and supralittoral soil on the coast of the Barents Sea were studied. Communities of microfungi are mainly represented by facultative marine fungi of terrigenous origin. The isolates mainly belonged to anamorphic fungi of the department Ascomycota and are represented by the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Acremonium etc., characteristic of the cold northern seas. The frequently found species in the study area were Aspergillus brasiliensis, Penicillium hirsutum, P. glabrum, P. spinulosum, P.  janczewskii, Trichoderma koningii, T. viride, Talaromyces purpureogenus. The number of fungi in the supralittoral soil is two to three orders of magnitude higher than in the soils of the littoral zone and averaged from 4 to 13 thousand CFU/g. In sea water, the number of fungi was only a few units per ml. The maximum number of saccharolytic fungi was noted in the soils of the supralittoral zone. In the soils of the littoral and sea water, the number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing fungi varied from 52.5 to 143.3 CFU/g and from 0 to 4 CFU/ml, respectively. The number of saccharolytics varied from 0 to 113 CFU/g in the littoral soil and from 0 to 3 CFU/mL in sea water in all the studied areas, except for the most polluted ones, where it reached values of 200 CFU/g. An increase in the proportion of saccharolytic fungi in sea water and littoral may indicate anthropogenic pollution of the area, including hydrocarbons and other organic compounds. The urbanized areas of the Kola Bay with a high anthropogenic load were characterized by a richer species diversity and an increase in the proportion of pathogenic and opportunistic forms of microscopic fungi. A high level of hydrocarbon pollution negatively affected the number of saccharolytic fungi, while lower values of hydrocarbon content did not affect the number of saccharolytics. The number of fungi grown on Czapek’s mineral medium decreased as the amount of hydrocarbons both in sea water and in the littoral zone increased, which may indicate a high vulnerability of marine microfungi to pollution.
Fibrin- and Fibrinogenolytic Effect of Extracellular Proteinases of Microfungi Aspergillus alliaceus 7dN1 and A. terreus 2
Authors: Osmolovskiy A. A. , Klyagin S. D. , Vashkevich T. V. , Kurakov A. V. , Kreyer V. G.
Published: April 2024

Proteolytic cleavage of fibrin and fibrinogen under the action of proteases of microfungi Aspergillus alliaceus 7dN1 and A. terreus 2 was carried out. It was shown that both enzymes can have strong α-fibrinogenase and moderate β-fibrinogenase activity, practically without affecting the γ-chains of these molecules. The products of cleavage in the time interval up to 60 min are polypeptides with a molecular weight of 15 kDa or less.
New Species of Macromycetes for Regions of the Russian Far East. 4
Authors: Rebriev Yu. A. , Bogacheva A. V. , Bukharova N. V. , Erofeeva E. A. , Kapitonov V. I. , Kochunova N. A. , Popov E. S. , Psurtseva N. V. , Sazanova N. A. , Shiryaev A. G.
Published: April 2024

The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the new finds of macrofungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in regions of the Russian Far East. A total of 77 species of macromycetes are reported for the first time from 7administrative units of the Russian Far East: Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai and Primorskiy Krai. 13 species are reported as the first records for the Russian Far East, and 4 (Calycina subtilis, Cistella fugiens, Lachnum roridum and Lasiobelonium horridulum) are new for Russia. For some of the rare species, notes are given about the main differences in morphology and ecology, about the features of distribution. The identification of Jahnoporus brachiatus is confirmed by molecular genetic data, and this specimen was isolated into pure culture. The material was deposited in ABGI, LE, MAG, SVER, TOB, VLA herbaria as well as in the Yu. Rebriev (YuR) and A. Shiryaev (Shiryaev) personal collections.
The Peculiarities of the Mycobiota Formation on the Saint Petersburg Stone Monuments Based on Metagenomics and Cultural Data
Authors: Sazanova K. V. , Zelenskaya M. S. , Pavlova O. A. , Vlasov D. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Fungi play an important role in colonization and biodeterioration of stone monuments in the open air. This study significantly complements the data on fungal diversity in lithobiotic communities through the use of metagenomic analysis. It was shown that the mycobiota of tombstones in the historical center of St. Petersburg has a complex structure. There are different complexes of species, which have various origins and ways of getting to the monuments. The complex of dominant fungi in SABs on marble and granite in St. Petersburg is formed by dark-colored micromycetes. At the species level, the absolute dominant in all samples was the Knufia karalitana according to metagenomic data and Aureobasidium pullulans according to cultural data. The use of two methodological approaches indicates the expediency of combining culture-based and molecular genetics methods, which make it possible to obtain the most more complete picture of the formation of lithobiotic communities. The season and the type of biofilm have a key importance for the abundance and diversity of micromycetes on stone surface. It was shown that type of rock has a minimal importance for the fungal diversity on stone monument.
Species Diversity of Myxomycetes of the “Nizhnyaya Kama” National Park and Adjacent Territories in the Early Autumn Period
Authors: Sadykov R. , Potapov K. , Lukyanova Yu. , Sadykova Yu.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents data on the distribution and species diversity of myxomycetes in the territory of the “Nizhnyaya Kama” National Park and its surroundings during early autumn of  2021 and 2022. A total of 40 species of myxomycetes were found in the unique spruce-alder ravine ecotopes and coniferous-broadleaved forest communities of the National Park, with 3 of them being new records for the Republic of Tatarstan. Additionally, the species Dictydiaethalium plumbeum was recorded for the first time in this area since 1887, in a similar microhabitat. An annotated checklist and authors’ photos of some species are provided.
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI FOR SVERDLOVSK REGION (THE MIDDLE URALS, RUSSIA) ON ALIEN AND ABORIGINE WOODY PLANTS
Authors: Shiryaev A. G. , Bulgakov T. S. , Zmitrovich I. V. , Shiryaeva O. S. , Budimirov A. S. , Dudka V. A.
Published: April 2024

The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the new finds of fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in Sverdlovsk Region (the Middle Urals, Russia). Totally, 75 species of macro- and microfungi reported on alien and aborigine woody plants for the first time in the region. The most numerous group are alien plant pathogenic fungi (71%) developing on cultivated fruit trees in gardens and parks, as well as on many common species of trees and shrubs in urban greening.
Results of the Mycological Investigation of the Shoot System of “Irinovsky Oak” Tree (Leningrad Region, Russia)
Authors: Shishlyannikova A. B. , Zmitrovich I. V. , Zarudnaya G. I. , Perelygin V. V. , Zharikov M. V.
Published: April 2024

The wild nature monument “184-year-old oak tree in the village of Irinovka” (Leningrad region, Russia), better known in local history literature as “Irinovsky Oak”, was officially opened in 2013. It is represented by a separate pedunculate oak tree (Quercus robur), planted in 1829 and preserved in satisfactory condition at 194 years of age. This paper presents data from a survey of the shoot system of the tree investigated, carried out on August 4, 2022. A total of 12 fungal species were registered (Cladosporium herbarum, Colpoma quercinum, Coryneum depressum, Diatrypella quercina, Erysiphe alphitoides, Hyphoderma setigerum, Laetiporus sulphureus, Marchandiomyces co-rallinus, Peniophora quercina, Trichoderma viride, Sphaerulina quercicola, Vuilleminia comedens). The lichenicolous species Marchandiomyces corallinus was reported as new find to the Leningrad region. It was shown that the shoot system of the tree investigated is associated with a complex of Quercus robur-adapted and co-adapted species, among which such necrotrophs as Sphaerulina quercicola and Coryneum depressum, and pathogenic saprotroph as Vuilleminia comedens, as well as saprotrophs (Diatrypella quercina, Peniophora quercina) are dominated. This species complex ensures a continuous process of the crown self-thinning.
Numerical Simulations of the Acceleration of Fast Protons and of the Excitation of Nuclear Reactions
11B(p, 3a) and 11B(p, n)C11
at the Intensities of Picosecond Laser Radiation in the Range 1018-1019 W/cm2
Authors: Andreev S. N. , Matafonov A. P. , Tarakanov V. P. , Belyaev V. S. , Kedrov A. Yu. , Krainov V. P. , Mukhanov S. A. , Lobanov A. V.
Published: April 2024

Results of numerical simulations for acceleration of proton beams at the irradiation of Al target by a superintense laser pulse are presented. There is a good agreement with the experimental data in a broad range of laser intensities from I = 1018 W/cm2 to I = 1019 W/cm2 at the fixed laser pulse duration. The obtained parameters of proton beams were used for calculation of the total yield of a particles and neutrons for the nuclear reactions 11B(p, 3a) and 11B(p, n)C11C at the collisions of proton beams with boron targets. It is shown that the number of a particles escaping boron target and arriving at track detectors is less than 5of the total amount of a particles, because the majority of these particles remain inside the target owing to ionization losses. The derived values of the yield ofparticles’ which arrive at detectors are in good agreement with the experimental data. We also calculate the total yield of neutrons in the reaction 11B(p, n)C11C. It is found that, at the intensity I = 1019 W/cm2 of the picosecond laser pulse, the yield is equal to Nn = 1.4 × 108 , this value is approximately of 3% of the total yield of a particles.
Proposal and Analysis of an Experiment for Accurate Measurement of the Muon Lifetime and the Fermi Constant
Authors: Bakalyarov A. M. , Klimov A. I. , Machulin I. N. , Meleshko E. A. , Selivanov V. I.
Published: April 2024

An experiment is proposed for a record-breaking measurement of the world Fermi constant GF during the decay of a positive muon. All systematic errors were analyzed. The Fast Program (FP) was developed and tested using the GEANT data and running ≈1500 times faster. 1014 events were collected with two options for selecting events. An accuracy of 0.46 ps for the muon lifetime and 0.1 ppm for the GF value was obtained taking into account all systematic errors. The accuracy of the theoretical calculations of GF is 0.14 ppm within the framework of the Standard Model interactions of elementary particles
Leptonic Decay Widths for the Composite System of Two Relativistic Fermions
Authors: Chernichenko Yu. D.
Published: April 2024

The new relativistic semiclassical leptonic decay widths of vector mesons as the relativistic systems of two quarks with arbitrary masses interacting by means of the funnel-type potentials with Coulomb interaction are obtained. The behavior of the relativistic leptonic decay widths of vector mesons is investigated. Comparison of the behavior for new expression with its relativistic spinless analog is given. Consideration is conducted within the framework of completely covariant quasipotential approach in the Hamiltonian formulation of quantum field theory via a transition to the relativistic configurational representation in the case of two relativistic spin particles of arbitrary masses.
New Possibilities for pp-Cycle Solar Neutrino Registration by Use of Indium Detector
Authors: Barabanov I. R. , Bezrukov L. B. , Gurentsov V. I. , Novikova G. Ya. , Sinev V. V. , Yanovich E. A.
Published: April 2024

Low background segmented liquid scintillator detector, doped with an indium as a target for solar neutrino registration, can be used for measuring total solar neutrino spectrum including pp neutrinos.A detector consisting of small modules filled with liquid scintillator in the volume of 1–2 L is considered. Silicon matrices are used for light collection. The background of indium beta-activity is suppressed bytriple coincidences. The detector of such a type can measure 7Be neutrino flux
Thermodynamics of Sorption of Organic Compounds by Sorbents Based on Supramolecular Liquid Crystal HPFAB and β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives under Gas Chromatography Conditions
Authors: Kuraeva Yu. G. , Tugareva D. A. , Onuchak L. A. , Kapralova T. S.
Published: April 2024

Using gas chromatography, we studied the influence of the nature of substituents in the β-cyclodextrin (CD) molecule on the sorption properties and the possibility of complex formation with the macrocycle of 26 organic compounds (hydrocarbons and alcohols) in binary sorbents based on the smectic–nematic supramolecular liquid crystal 4-(3-hydroxypropyloxy)-4'-formylazobenzene (HPOFAB) and four derivatives β-CD. It has been established that the nature of the substituents in the β-CD molecule significantly affects the manifestation of solvation interactions between LC and macrocyclic additive and, as a consequence, the mesomorphic, sorption, and selective properties of the studied composite sorbents.
The Influence of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on the Chromatographic Behavior of Some Aromatic Acids under Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Conditions
Authors: Raznitsyna V. M. , Shafigulin R. V. , Vinogradov K. Yu. , Bulanova A. V.
Published: April 2024

Using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, some features of the chromatographic retention of polar aromatic acids (gallic, ferulic, benzoic, and salicylic) on hexadecylsilica gel from aqueous-acetonitrile eluents containing imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were studied. The following ILs were used: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C4MIM][Br], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C6MIM][Br], 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [C10MIM][Br], and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide [MC8IM][Br]. The dependences of retention on the structure of imidazolium ILs and aromatic acids were studied. Based on the temperature dependences of the retention factor, the thermodynamic characteristics of the sorption process (standard enthalpy and entropy component) were calculated. The obtained thermodynamic characteristics of sorption were analyzed, and the influence of the structure of the IL and sorbate on their values was shown. The compensation relationships between the enthalpy and the entropy component of the sorption of the studied aromatic acids were analyzed.
Adsorption Isotherms of Enantiomer on Hippuric Acid Crystals Obtained under Viedma Ripening Conditions Using a Temperature Gradient
Authors: Akhatova G. I. , Gus’kov V. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the capacity for chiral recognition during the adsorption process of hippuric acid crystals obtained by the temperature gradient method under Viedma ripening conditions. This method is distinguished by the fact that the primary violation of chiral equilibrium between the nuclei formed during crystallization is not caused by the mechanical action of the stirrer but by crystallization at low temperatures. Limonenes and α-pinenes were used as test enantiomers. Adsorption isotherms were obtained using inverse gas chromatography, and their analysis made it possible to establish the chiral recognition ability of the surface. It was shown that both the enantioselectivity and adsorption capability of the synthesized hippuric acid crystals were significantly higher than those of crystals obtained under classical Viedma ripening conditions. High surface heterogeneity is probably the reason for this phenomenon.
Superhydrophobic Coatings Based on Montanic Acid
Authors: Akulova V. M. , Solomyanskii A. E. , Mel’nikova G. B. , Sin’kevich Yu. V. , Kraskovskii A. N. , Agabekov V. E.
Published: April 2024

uperhydrophobic coatings with a thickness of 0.7–1.3 μm based on montanic acid (MA) are formed by dynamic spin-coating on substrates made of single-crystal silicon and steel of the 12Kh17 brand. The contact angle (CA) for water is 154.2° in the case of MA coatings on silicon and 155.8° in the case of those on steel. The values of the CA of these coatings for hexadecane are less than 5.0°, which makes it possible to use MA for hydrophobization of the surface of metal filters for the purpose of separating emulsions of the water-in-oil type.
Supression of Alpha- and Beta-Oscillations during Virtual Social Interactions
Authors: Bocharov A. V. , Savostyanov A. N. , Saprygin A. E. , Merkulova E. A. , Tamozhnikov S. S. , Proshina E. A. , Knyazev G. G.
Published: April 2024

The aim was to study the oscillatory dynamics accompanying the processes of interaction with the virtual character and the localization of the revealed effects. 42 subjects (of which 25 are women) aged 18 to 41 years took part in the study. During the EEG recording, the subjects had to interact with the virtual character by choosing one of three options (“offer friendship”, “attack” or “avoid contact”). Faces with 5 types of emotional expressions (angry, happy, frightened, sad and neutral) were used. An analysis of equivalent dipoles revealed that the choice of active interaction (to attack or offer friendship), compared with the avoidance of interaction, was accompanied by a large decrease in α- and β-rhythms, which may be associated with the processes of understanding the virtual character’s intentions. The choice of friendship versus avoidance of interaction was accompanied by an increase in δ-rhythm, which may indicate the presence of a motivational component. The revealed effects were found in clusters of equivalent dipoles, the localization of which coincides with the structures of the mentalization network and the network of mirror neurons involved in the processes of people’s intent assessment.
OCT-Diagnostics of Optic Nerve Disc Edema in Space Flight. Analysis of the Retina, Optic Disc and Neuroretinal Circle Thickness
Authors: Makarov I. A. , Alferova I. V. , Bogomolov V. V. , Voronkov Yu. I. , Anikeev D. A.
Published: April 2024

The article analysis the state of 24 eyes of 12 Russian cosmonauts who made long-term space flights to the ISS in the period from 2016 to 2021. The analysis was carried out by HRA and OCT images study, using the Display function included in the program of Spectralis OCT device. The thickness of the optic nerve head and retina was determined according to the hourly meridians, which allowed us to accurately diagnose and classify the optic disc edema according to the stages of the Frisen scale. By measuring the percentage ratio of the maximum thickness of the nerve disc within its boundaries to the minimum thickness of the retina outside the boundaries of the disc, we determined the digital value of prominence in each temporal hourly meridian, limited by the temporal sector of 95°. The presence of prominence in the extreme temporal meridians, or its absence at all, we regarded as a physiologically healthy state of the optic disc, corresponding to stage 0. This stage was established in 13 eyes (54.2%). Stage I (7 eyes (29.2%)) was diagnosed based on the absence of prominence in the horizontal temporal meridian. The defining feature of stage II is an increase in prominence in the temporal horizontal meridian by more than 10%. Subclinical stage II (prominence is increased, but less than 10%) was diagnosed in two eyes of two cosmonauts (8.3%). Clinically pronounced papilledema II–III stages was diagnosed in two eyes (8.3%) in one cosmonaut, where the maximum value of prominence was 70.1% in the right eye, and on the left – 40.1% in the horizontal meridian. The study shows that an increase in prominence up to 70% in the temporal horizontal meridian at stage III of edema leads to neurodegeneration of the optic nerve fibers in space flight. At stages II–III of edema, an increase in the minimum thickness of the neuroretinal rim compared with all other observations. At 0 – II subclinical stage, according to this indicator, it was impossible to differentiate the state of the optic disc.
Val66Met Polymorphism of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is Associated with Individual Alpha Peak Frequency and Alpha Power in Adults
Authors: Privodnova E. Yu. , Volf N. V.
Published: April 2024

Single-nucleotide polymorphism within the BDNF gene (Val66Met) influences activity-dependent secretion of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which affects neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. Several studies found associations between Met allele and lower power of the EEG α-rhythm determined in the standard frequency range in young adults. Along with the power, one of the highly heritable EEG correlates of brain functions is the individual α-peak frequency (IAPF). Although IAPF has independent functional significance, its association with the Val66Met BDNF polymorphism has not been studied. IAPF is also used to determine the boundaries of individual frequency ranges; in contrast to the standard ones, they reflect functional characteristics of rhythms to a greater extent. We explored in 192 subjects aged 18–78 years whether parieto-occipital IAPF is associated with BDNF polymorphism and tested genotypic differences in α-power calculated in standard (8−12 Hz) and individual (from (IAPF –2) to (IAPF +2) Hz) frequency ranges. IAPF was decreased in Val/Met in comparison to Val/Val. For individual frequency range, genetic differences were found in both eyes closed (Val/Met homozygous genotypes) and eyes open (Val-carriers  Met/Met) condition. For standard frequency range – only in eyes open condition, which may be due to a shift of the α-functional range towards a region of low frequencies among Val/Met-carriers that showed a decrease in IAPF. The results indicate that the inclusion of Val/Met in the combined group of Met-carriers in the analysis of genetic differences in brain activity can eliminate the differences between Val/Val and Val/Met genotypes, as well as the advantage of using individual frequency bands in the analysis of BDNF-associated features of EEG.
The Role of Asprosin in the Regulation and Mechanisms of Oxygen Transport in the Blood and the Gas Transmitter System in Men with Different Body Mass Index
Authors: Zinchuk V. V. , Jaafar Shati Owaid Al-Jebur , Glutkina N. V.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study the role of asprosin in the regulation and mechanisms of oxygen transport in the blood and the gas transmitter system in men with different body mass index. The indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the oxygen transport function of the blood and the concentration of gas-transmitters nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in it, were determined. A higher concentration of asprosin was found in individuals with an increased body mass index and grade I obesity. With an increased content of asprosin, there is a decrease in the main indicators of blood oxygenation and an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. An increase in the concentration of nitrogen monoxide and a decrease in hydrogen sulfide were revealed at a high content of asprosin, which may be important for the formation of the mechanisms of oxygen transport in the blood.
Typological Features of the Heart Rate Autonomic Regulation under Simulating a Rise to a Height by Using Additional Respiratory Resistance
Authors: Erkudov V. O. , Rozumbetov K. U. , Pugovkin A. P. , Matchanov A. T. , Pankova N. B.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this work was to study the indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) under conditions of additional respiratory resistance (ADR), as an imitation of climbing to a height, in young men with different types of autonomic regulation. The study involved 715 young men aged 19 to 24 years. HRV parameters were assessed by the method of variational pulsometry (BioMouse). Each subject passed two tests lasting 5 min: background, and under conditions of DDS. An ETM 2.0 resistive mask was used to simulate climbing (ADS simulation), in three altitudes: 3000, 9000, 18000 feet. Each person performed only one test; the height of the lift was not reported to him. Based on the results of background testing, two groups were created: the OB group – with balanced sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on HRV (stress index 25–100 c.u., VLF above 240 ms2), the PT group – with a moderate predominance of parasympathetic (vagal) influences (stress index below 25 c.u., VLF above 500 ms2). In the background testing, the OB group was characterized by higher values of the Bayevsky indices (IVR, VPR, PAPR), reflecting the predominance of sympathetic tone, and the PT group had higher values of the variation range of the duration of R–R intervals, RMSSD, SDNN, pNN50%, which are considered markers of increased vagal tone, and the total power of the HRV spectrum TP. Under conditions of ADR, without taking into account the height of the simulated rise, in the OB group, an increase in indicators correlated with vagal activity was revealed: the range of R–R intervals, RMSSD, SDNN, the HF range in the HRV spectrum, with a decrease in the Baevsky indices (IVR, VPR, PAPR, stress index). The increase in spectral measures of HRV associated with sympathetic activity (LF%) ant TP reached the level of statistical significance only when simulating an ascent to an altitude of 18 000 feet. In the PT group, the changes were oppositely directed: a decrease in correlates of vagal activity and an increase in sympathetic tone, regardless of the height of the lift. However, in both groups, the range of R–R intervals increased the most at 9000 feet, which is critical for the development of mountain sickness. Differences in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in young men determine the direction and severity of shifts in HRV indicators when simulating a rise to a height. In the OB group under conditions of ADR, when simulating a rise to insignificant heights, the indicators associated with vagal activity increase, with an increase in the height of the rise, an increase in parameters reflecting the sympathetic tone joins them. In the PT group, an expected increase in sympathetic tone was found at all altitudes.
Method of Objective Assessment of Proprioceptive Perception of Leg and Foot Movements in Humans
Authors: Pavlova O. G. , Roschin V. Yu. , Khat’kova S. E. , Nikolaev E. A. , Selionov V. A. , Solopova I. A. , Ichetovkina N. V.
Published: April 2024

Previously, we developed a method for objective assessment of the state of proprioceptive perception of movements of the upper limb. In order to test this method for assessing the proprioceptive perception of lower limb movements, we studied the accuracy of copying with open and closed eyes a series of passive single-joint movements of the tested leg directly during their execution with the help of active movements of the other leg. Flexion-extension copying in the knee and ankle joints was studied in 30 healthy subjects for both legs and in 40 patients with unilateral stroke for the paretic leg. The accuracy of copying movements was assessed by recording the angles in the tested joint and the joint of the same name of the opposite limb using qualitative and quantitative objective indicators. It was shown that healthy subjects, both under visual control and without it, copy the passive movements of the right and left legs with high accuracy and almost simultaneously. Based on the study of the values of qualitative and quantitative indicators of copying accuracy, an objective conditional criterion for the preservation of proprioceptive perception of movements in the knee and ankle joints was formulated. In contrast to healthy subjects, in the group of patients, the results of copying with open and closed eyes were significantly different. In tests with open eyes, the copying of movements was qualitatively correct, which indicates that they understood the motor task of the test and were able to perform it with a conditionally healthy leg. In the absence of visual control, most of them either made gross errors in the transmission of the direction and number of the tested movements, or reproduced movements with a significant deterioration in accuracy (increased delays, shape distortion, etc.). It was shown that the proprioceptive perception of movements in the ankle joint was disturbed more often and more strongly than movements in the knee joint. In accordance with the developed conditional criterion of the norm, in 69% of patients there was a violation of the proprioceptive perception of movements in the knee and/or ankle joints.
Speech Understanding in Primary Schoolchildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Its Relationship with EEG Characteristics. Part I
Authors: Danilina K. K. , Tyushkevich S. A. , Gorbachevskaya N. L. , Davydova E. Yu. , Salimova K. R. , Davydov D. V. , Pereverzeva D. S. , Mamokhina U. A.
Published: April 2024

The article discussed ASD heterogeneity in terms of the severity of autistic manifestations, cognitive and speech abilities in children with different levels of functioning. We present results of a study of speech understanding at the level of phonology, vocabulary, morphosyntax and discourse in primary schoolchildren with ASD. The study revealed correlations between the severity of autistic manifestations of a socio-communicative nature and non-verbal IQ with various aspects of speech understanding. Comparison of the correlations in the subgroups of children with different levels of functioning revealed differences between the subgroups, indicating different mechanisms of disorders. The differences of the spectral characteristics of the EEG in children with ASD compared with the age norm, and characteristics in the studied subgroups are shown. We revealed differences in EEG spectral characteristics between subgroups with ASD with different levels of functioning: the subgroup with less pronounced disorders is characterized by a higher index of β2-activity, while the subgroup with more pronounced disorders – by a higher index of slow-wave activity.
Event-Related Potentials of the Human Brain During the Comparison of Visual Stimuli
Authors: Nikishena I. S. , Ponomarev V. A. , Kropotov J. D.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the investigation was to study the features of the brain activity when comparing visual stimuli under conditions of delayed motor response. Event-related potentials (ERP) were studied in 84 healthy subjects in a three-stimulus test, the first two stimuli were a comparison pair, and the third stimulus triggered a motor response. After presentation of the second stimulus ERP were recorded: a complex of two waves with occipital (Oz, most pronounced in the interval 100–150 ms) and posterior temporal localization (P7, P8, 190–270 ms); negative oscillation in the frontal regions (Fz, 240–300 ms) and positive oscillation in the parietal regions (Pz, 270–450 ms). Brain responses differ in amplitude in case of match and discrepancy of visual stimuli. The article discusses the physiological meaning of these waves and their differences under two conditions.
Influence of Physical Loads on Cognitive Functions and Bioelectric Activity of the Brain in Athletes of Various Specializations
Authors: Ovchinnikova N. A. , Medvedeva E. V. , Ezhova G. S. , Krivoshchekov S. G. , Kapilevich L. V.
Published: April 2024

Methods of psychophysiological testing and electroencephalography were used to study the effect of physical activity on cognitive functions (in particular, in the decision-making ability test) and brain bioelectrical activity (in particular, the power of the EEG amplitude in the beta and delta ranges) in athletes of various specializations. It is shown that when performing psychological tests before the load, athletes involved in cyclic types of load demonstrate better results than weightlifters – they have a higher learning rate, a higher percentage of correct answers, a shorter response time and a faster attention switching speed. The results of psychological tests before exercise in the control group were lower than in athletes, but higher than in weightlifters. The single-time physical load of a cyclic nature did not affect the results of the Iowa Gambling Task in untrained volunteers and weightlifters, but contributed to the improvement of test results in athletes training in cyclic sports – the learning rate and the percentage of correct answers increased. When performing a cognitive test, athletes noted an increase in the power of the spectra of the delta (and in weightlifters – and theta) range to a greater extent than in the control. In contrast to the control group, physical activity in athletes more often contributes to a decrease in the power of the EEG spectra, especially in the beta and delta ranges. The revealed differences in the results of psychophysiological tests in athletes of various specializations and untrained volunteers are largely determined by the features of the functional activity of various parts of the cortex, which is reflected in the characteristics of patterns of brain bioelectrical activity.
The Impact of Visual Estimates of Talker-to-Listener Distance on Fundamental Frequency in Noise
Authors: Lunichkin A. M. , Gvozdeva A. P. , Andreeva I. G.
Published: April 2024

Lombard speech is an involuntary adaptive changes in voicing under the influence of noise. In the current work we examine the relationship between involuntary auditory-speech control, common for the Lombard speech, and voluntary control of phonation which occurs as a result of the visual estimation of the distance to the listener. Fundamental frequencies (F0) were estimated in 9 Russian normally hearing female speakers aged 20–35 years. An increase in F0 was obtained when the communicative conditions became more complex in both increase in surrounding background noise level and growth of talker-to-listener distance cases. In quiet and in noise of 60 and 72 dB the increase in talker-to-listener distance led to F0 increments of 14, 18 and 15 Hz, which did not differ significantly from each other (p 0.05, n = 288). When the communicative distance held constant, babble noise of different levels led to significantly different values of ΔF0: for 1 m distance – 14 and 32 Hz (p 0.001, n = 288), and for 4 m – 18 and 33 Hz (p 0.001, n = 288), respectively. The data obtained evidence independent and additive impact of noise and communicative distance on phonation.