bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WES and Transcriptome Analysis Identifies FN1 as a Candidate Gene for Anterior Segment Dysgenesis
Authors: Lin Qinghong , Wang Xuejun , Han Xiaosong , Peng Xiaoliao , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ran Yuwen , Sun Ling , Wang Yan , Han Tian , Zhou Xingtao
Published: November 2024

Background

Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) disorders are phenotypically diverse and have multiple associated genes. This study reports on a Chinese family of three generations with ASD disorders and identifies several associated genes and pathways of the disorders.

Methods

The history of illnesses, clinical observations, and blood samples of all family members were collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to detect the genetic variants between patients and control members in the family. Transcriptomic study and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were subsequently performed to validate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and investigate the possible mechanisms of ASD caused by the variations.

Results

The medical examination and illness history identified four members of the family diagnosed with ASD (III:3, II:3, II:2 and I:2). All four patients suffered various degrees of corneal opacity with abnormally thin cornea. Members II:3, II:2, and I:2 also had cataracts and iris hypoplasia and received an intraocular lens implant before the age of 20. We detected a heterozygous missense variation c.6122G > A (p.R2041Q and rs746145647) in fibronectin1 (FN1) in the four patients in this family that was absent in the other healthy members. The transcriptome and RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the FN1 mRNA level was significantly upregulated in the blood samples of patients compared to healthy controls. A total of 909 DEGs were identified, including 607 upregulated genes and 302 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG annotation revealed that many DEGs were involved in biological processes closely related to focal adhesion, extracellular matrix‐receptor interaction, TGF‐β pathway, and the immune system.

Conclusion

This study identified an FN1 mutation associated with ASD patients and probed potential pathways related to it.
A Closer Look at the Avian Influenza Virus H7N9: A Calm before the Storm?
Authors: Nakhaie Mohsen , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh , Shahpar Amirhossein , Pardeshenas Mohammad , Khoshnazar Seyedeh Mahdieh , Khazaeli Mana , Bashash Davood , Nezhad Nazanin Zeinali , Charostad Javad
Published: November 2024

The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, which circulates in wild birds and poultry, has been a major concern for public health since it was first discovered in China in 2013 due to its demonstrated ability to infect humans, causing severe respiratory illness with high mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a total of 1568 human infections with 616 fatal cases caused by novel H7N9 viruses have been reported in China from early 2013 to January 2024. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the virology, evolutionary patterns, and pandemic potential of H7N9. The H7N9 virus exhibits a complex reassortment history, receiving genes from H9N2 and other avian influenza viruses. The presence of certain molecular markers, such as mutations in the hemagglutinin and polymerase basic protein 2, enhances the virus's adaptability to human hosts. The virus activates innate immune responses through pattern recognition receptors, leading to cytokine production and inflammation. Clinical manifestations range from mild to severe, with complications including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure. Diagnosis relies on molecular assays such as reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The increasing frequency of human infections, along with the virus's ability to bind to human receptors and cause severe disease, highlights its pandemic potential. Continued surveillance, vaccine development, and public health measures are crucial to limit the risk posed by H7N9. Understanding the virus's ecology, transmission dynamics, and pathogenesis is essential for developing effective prevention and control strategies.
Is Aspirin Safe for Thromboprophylaxis After Surgery for Lower Extremity Neoplastic Pathologic Fractures?
Authors: Chen Matthew S. , Gettleman Brandon S. , Liu Kevin C. , Richardson Mary K. , Talehakimi Arad , Heckmann Nathanael D. , Menendez Lawrence , Christ Alexander B.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Both malignancy and orthopedic surgery are known risk factors for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Therefore, this study aimed to compare VTE rates among patients receiving enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, or aspirin (ASA).

Methods

The Premier Healthcare Database was utilized to identify all patients who underwent surgery for neoplastic pathologic fractures of the lower extremities from 2015 to 2021. Four cohorts based on receipt of ASA, apixaban, enoxaparin, or rivaroxaban were identified. Propensity matching with the enoxaparin cohort as the comparator was performed. Patient demographics, hospital factors, comorbidities, and 90‐day complications were compared.

Results

From 2015 to 2021, 3762 patients underwent surgical intervention for neoplastic pathologic fracture of the lower extremities. Enoxaparin recipients showed significantly lower aggregate VTE rates than those on apixaban (p = 0.008) while exhibiting higher VTE occurrence than ASA‐treated patients (p = 0.050).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that the administration of enoxaparin in patients undergoing surgical intervention for neoplastic pathologic fractures of the lower extremities may lead to significantly higher rates of aggregate VTE postoperatively compared to ASA. This data suggests that further research is warranted to determine if surgeons may safely consider using ASA in patients with no other reported risk factors or need for anticoagulation postoperatively, even in active malignancy.
Late Survival and Long‐Term Follow‐Up After Radical Resection of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma With Associated Venous Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Chao Calvin L. , Reddy Nidhi K. , Visa Maxime , Kundu Shilajit D. , Eskandari Mark K.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

This study evaluates the prognostic value of venous tumor thrombus (VTT) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing radical resection and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with radical nephrectomy for RCC and associated VTT (2000−2024). Patients were dichotomized into Neves 0−II (infrahepatic) and Neves III−IV groups (suprahepatic) IVC involvement for univariate analysis.

Results

A total of 64 patients (34 Neves 0−II and 30 Neves III−IV) were analyzed. No significant differences in patient or cancer characteristics. Neves III−IV was associated with greater blood loss (> 2 L) (62.1% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.02), greater intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) (4.4 vs. 1.4 days, p = 0.02), and postoperative LOS (11.0 vs. 6.5 days, p = 0.005). Overall, 30‐day mortality was only 1.6% with a mean follow‐up of 56.1 months. Local recurrence was 7.8% and IVC patency 96.9%. One‐year survival was 82.0%, 5‐year survival was 58.4%, and 15‐year survival was 42.5% without significant difference between Neves levels.

Conclusions

Radical nephrectomy with VTT thrombectomy and primary IVC repair is safe with high early survival and low local recurrence. Extent of IVC tumor thrombus extension is not a poor prognostic factor for early or late survival.
Blood Eosinophil Count is the Dominant Clinical Marker for type 2 Inflammatory Severity in CRSwNP
Authors: Wu Pei‐Wen , Huang Chi‐Che , Chang Po‐Hung , Lee Ta‐Jen , Fan Yu‐Hsi , Huang Chien‐Chia
Published: November 2024

Objective

Severe type 2 eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is challenging to treat and susceptible to recurrence post‐surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical markers and tissue type 2 inflammatory severity in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods

Adult patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for bilateral CRSwNP were prospectively enrolled. Tissue eosinophil count (TEC) was evaluated. Expression levels of type 2 cytokines, including IL‐5 and IL‐13, in nasal polyps were determined using real‐time PCR. Correlations between clinical markers and tissue type 2 inflammation were also assessed.

Results

In total, 150 participants were recruited. Ninety‐five (63.3%) exhibited type 2 eosinophilic CRSwNP defined by TEC ≥10/high power field. Weak to moderate correlations were observed between clinical and tissue markers of type 2 inflammation. Among the clinical markers, blood eosinophil count (BEC) exhibited the highest correlation with tissue type 2 inflammatory severity, as determined by TEC, IL‐5, and IL‐13 expression levels in nasal polyps. Comorbid asthma, nonsmoking status, ethmoid/maxillary sinuses (E/M) ratio, and BEC were significant predictors of eosinophilic CRSwNP in the regression analysis.

Conclusions

BEC, a dominant clinical marker, exhibits the highest correlation with tissue type 2 inflammatory severity, as determined by TEC, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in nasal polyps. Comorbid asthma, nonsmoking status, E/M ratio, and BEC were significant predictors of eosinophilic CRSwNP. This could help clinicians better evaluate the severity of type 2 inflammation in patients with CRSwNP and provide optimal therapeutic strategies.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Optical Clearing of Ex Vivo Adipose Tissue
Authors: Yanina Irina Yu. , Genina Elina A. , Tuchina Daria K. , Timoshina Polina A. , Navolokin Nikita A. , Bucharskaya Alla B. , Maslyakova Galina N. , Tuchin Valery V.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The paper focuses on the development of technology of adipose tissue optical clearing using different complex hyperosmotic optical clearing agents and tissue permeability enhancers.

Methods

To quantify optical clearing efficiency, reduced scattering coefficient was estimated from the ex vivo spatially resolved backreflectance measurements using a multi‐distant fiber optical device. Tissue morphology modification was monitored with the help of histological studies.

Results

Kinetics and efficiency of the optical clearing were evaluated for ex vivo abdominal fat tissue at action of dimethyl sulfoxide, diatrizoic acid, metrizoic acid, sucrose, and fructose solutions accompanied by tissue permeability enhancers, such as various modes of fractional laser microablation and sonophoresis and their combinations. Histological studies allowed us to find agents that cause minimal morphological changes of the adipose tissue.

Conclusions

Maximal optical clearing efficiency of 83.5% was observed for the samples subjected to action of the fructose‐ethanol solution during 90 min in combination with gentle modes of fractional laser microablation and sonophoresis.
Salt‐Responsive Switchable Block Copolymer Brushes with Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties
Authors: Methling Rafael , Greiter Michael , Al‐Zawity Jiwar , Müller Mareike , Schönherr Holger , Kuckling Dirk
Published: November 2024

A strategy for multifunctional biosurfaces exploiting multiblock copolymers and the antipolyelectrolyte effect is reported. Combining a polyzwitterionic/antifouling and a polycationic/antibacterial block with a central anchoring block for attachment to titanium oxide surfaces affords surface coatings that exhibit antifouling properties against proteins and allow for surface regeneration by clearing adhering proteins by employing a salt washing step. The surfaces also kill bacteria by contact killing, which is aided by a nonfouling block. The synthesis of block copolymers of 4‐vinyl pyridine (VP), dimethyl 4‐vinylbenzyl phosphonate (DMVBP), and 4‐vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (TMA) is achieved on the multigram scale via RAFT polymerization with good end group retention and narrow dispersities. By polymer analogous reactions, poly(4‐vinyl pyridinium propane sulfonate‐block‐4‐vinylbenzyl phosphonic acid‐block‐4‐vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) (P(VSP64‐b‐PA14‐b‐TMA64)) is obtained. The antifouling properties against the model protein pepsin and the salt‐induced surface regeneration are shown in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments, while independently the antibacterial and antifouling properties of coated titanium substrates are successfully tested in preliminary microbiological assays against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This strategy may contribute to the development of long‐term effective antibacterial implant surface coatings to suppress biomedical device‐associated infections.
Electroconductive Gelatin/Alginate/ Graphene Hydrogel Based Scaffold for Neural Tissue Repair
Authors: Madaninasab Pegah , Mohammadi Mahshid , Labbaf Sheyda
Published: November 2024

A composite polymeric scaffold of gelatin/alginate /graphene is fabricated through freeze‐drying technique. Initially, a hydrogel system comprised of gelatin/alginate (1:1) is prepared, and then the effect of different amounts of graphene carboxyl nanosheets (1,1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt.%) on the resultant structural properties are thoroughly evaluated. The swelling ratio, biodegradability, electrical and mechanical properties of bio‐composite hydrogels are controlled by manipulating the concentration of graphene‐COOH. The significant increase in the electrical conductivity is observed with the addition of 2.5% graphene‐COOH, and the electrical conductivity increased from 8.525 × 10−7 ± 0.01 S cm−1 to 7.644 × 10−4 ± 0.04 S cm−1. Also, the biocomposite hydrogels exhibited compressive and tensile strength ranging from 25 to 382 KPa and 11.4 to 148 KPa with an increase in the concentration of graphene‐COOH. The simplicity, low cost, tunable mechanical properties, and optimal electrical conductivity of the hydrogel system presented in this study highlight its potential as nerve tissue replacement.
Curvature of quaternionic skew‐Hermitian manifolds and bundle constructions
Authors: Chrysikos Ioannis , Cortés Vicente , Gregorovič Jan
Published: November 2024

This paper is devoted to a description of the second‐order differential geometry of torsion‐free almost quaternionic skew‐Hermitian manifolds, that is, of quaternionic skew‐Hermitian manifolds . We provide a curvature characterization of such integrable geometric structures, based on the holonomy theory of symplectic connections and we study qualitative properties of the induced Ricci tensor. Then, we proceed with bundle constructions over such a manifold . In particular, we prove the existence of almost hypercomplex skew‐Hermitian structures on the Swann bundle over M and investigate their integrability.
Against the Green Schema: How Gen‐AI Negatively Impacts Green Influencer Posts
Authors: Narayanan Priya
Published: November 2024

The current research examines the impact of using AI‐generated images (vs. real photographs) in social media posts of green influencers, by relying on schema congruity theory. Three experimental studies show that compared to posts using real photographs, posts that use AI‐generated images are less likely to receive favorable consumer responses. This effect arises from incongruity between gen‐AI and the green schema activated by the post, which causes a) lower perceived appropriateness of a gen‐AI image to the green context, leading to b) lower perceived authenticity of the post. In attempting to counter this negative impact of the use of AI, a reason for the use of gen‐AI is ineffective but images generated by purpose‐built AI that aligns with the green cause fully mitigates the observed issue. By identifying and explaining the specific negative impact of gen‐AI use on green influencers, this work extends research on gen‐AI use by influencers in general and research on the negative impact of gen‐AI in marketing. Findings of this research encourage green influencers and sustainable brands to use gen‐AI cautiously.
Exploiting Seeded RAFT Polymerization for the Preparation of Graft Copolymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Xuesheng , Zhang Li , Tan Jianbo
Published: November 2024

Although seeded reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is explored as a unique method for the preparation of block copolymer nanoparticles with diverse structures, the preparation of nonlinear polymer nanoparticles by seeded RAFT polymerization is rarely reported. Herein, linear block copolymer nanoparticles are first prepared by RAFT dispersion copolymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and 2‐(2‐(n‐butyltrithiocarbonate)propionate)ethyl methacrylate (BTPEMA) with different [BzMA]/[BTPEMA] ratios, and employed as seeds for seeded RAFT polymerization of isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) to prepare graft copolymer nanoparticles with different numbers of PIBOA side chains. Comparing with linear triblock copolymers with the same chemical composition, the graft copolymers can promote the formation of higher‐order morphologies (e.g., vesicles) under seeded RAFT polymerization conditions. Effects of reaction parameters on the morphology of graft copolymer nanoparticles are investigated in detail, and two morphological phase diagrams are constructed. It is expected that this study will not only expand the scope of seeded RAFT polymerization but also offer new opportunities for the preparation of unique polymer nanoparticles.
Identification of a Novel RUNX1::STX2 Fusion in Mixed‐Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) With BCR::ABL1
Authors: Long Yuan , Xu Qi , Li Jing , Liu Bei‐Cai , Cheng Peng , Luo Jun , Zhao Shengbin , Chen Ping , Liu Zhen‐Fang
Published: November 2024

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare type of acute leukemia (AL), MPAL with BCR::ABL1 fusion is the main subtype of MPAL, mainly affecting adult males. It is an acute leukemia with unique clinical and biological characteristics that involve both the myeloid and lymphatic systems. Gene fusion plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment of leukemia. We present the first discovery of a novel fusion of RUNX1::STX2 in this subtype, which is co‐expressed with BCR::ABL1 fusion. RUNX1 is a crucial transcription factor for hematopoietic differentiation, frequently found to be abnormal in AML, while STX2 may play a role in cancer progression. The RUNX1::STX2 fusion protein may act as the primary negative regulator of wild‐type RUNX1, influencing normal cell differentiation and proliferation, consequently elevating the risk of leukemia. The gene fusion status of this patient is unique and complex, requiring further exploration to understand its functional significance in leukemia progression and treatment response.
Lightweight 3D‐net Copper‐Plated Polyimide Current Collector for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Tingyu , Min Yonggang
Published: November 2024

Current collector (CC) is an indispensable constituent in lithium‐ion battery (LIB). It plays an important role in supporting electrode materials and conducting electrons between the electrode materials and the external circuit. However, the density of metal CC is high and it hinders the lightweight development of LIB. In this work, lightweight three‐dimensional (3D) CC was designed and prepared via a facile electroless plating method. The 3D copper‐plated polyimide CC has a low areal density. The 3D structure of Cu‐PI CC 2 can facilitate Li+ transfer between electrode materials and electrolyte owing to electrolyte can permeate through electrode. Moreover, the lithium titanate anode assembled with the 3D copper‐plated polyimide Cu‐PI CC 2 exhibited enhanced cycling and rate performance.
CO2 Photoreduction Under Visible Light by TiO2 and Carbon Dots Derived from Pyrolized Bio‐Oil
Authors: Ferraro Giorgia , Pizzolato Marco , Botrè Teresa , Cerrato Giuseppina , Menegazzo Federica , Signoretto Michela
Published: November 2024

Herein, we report a study on pyrolysis bio‐oil upgrading from leather shaving waste to dope in situ titania (TiO2) with carbon dots (cds). The cds doped TiO2 exhibits remarkable activity as photocatalyst under solar light for the direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) to methane (CH4). Morover, the catalytic activity also increased under uv radiation.
A Facile Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Coumarins and Investigation of Their 3CLpro Inhibition Activity Against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Choudhary Manoj K. , Ansari Khalid , Junghare Vivek , Nayak Sandip K. , Hazra Saugata , Mula Soumyaditya
Published: November 2024

The major threat to public health due to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has been recognised as a global issue. The increase in morbidity is primarily due to the lack of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific drugs. One of the major strategies to combat this threat is to deactivate the enzymes responsible for the replication of corona virus. To this end, 3‐arylidene/3‐hydroxycoumarin induced deactivation of 3‐chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) enzyme, which takes the pivotal role in the replication and maturation, was investigated. For ready availability of the compounds for the above investigation, we have developed a user‐friendly protocol for the synthesis 3‐hydroxycoumarin derivatives from cheap and readily available starting materials in two steps; i) Bronsted acid catalysed Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of phenols with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman adducts followed by intramolecular lactonization to trans‐3‐arylidenechroman‐2‐ones in one‐pot and ii) ozonolysis in reasonably good yields. Pharmacokinetic assessments of coumarin derivatives revealed drug‐like characteristics with moderate or low toxicity values. Notably, these hydroxycoumarins exhibited enhanced binding affinity against the 3CL protease of SARS‐CoV‐2, fitting well into the binding pocket akin to the previously studied inhibitor N3. Furthermore, a molecular dynamics study elucidated the dynamic behaviour of these small molecules when bound to the protein, showcasing intriguing complexities within the active site. Despite backbone variations and residual fluctuations, compounds 3 d–f and 6 a exhibited a consistent behaviour, instilling confidence in the therapeutic potential of these coumarins for combating SARS‐CoV‐2.
Homochiral Self‐Sorting During Macrocycle Formation and their Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Sahoo Diptiprava , De Soumen
Published: November 2024

Several BINOL‐derived C2‐symmetric aldehydes were synthesized to investigate chiral self‐sorting phenomena during macrocycle formation in the presence of aliphatic and aromatic bisamines. While self‐sorting was unsuccessful with aliphatic amines, aromatic amine dictated complete homochiral self‐sorting, confirmed by 1H NMR analysis and molecular modelling. Additionally, the impact of macrocyclization on the chiroptical properties of these macrocycles was examined. The Cotton effects band red‐shifted for aromatic amines owing to extended conjugation. Notably, a substantial increase in specific rotation was observed upon macrocycle formation.
Mechanical properties of chicken feather modified soy protein‐based resins and jute fabric‐reinforced green composites
Authors: Shankar A. N. , Netravali A. N.
Published: November 2024

Agricultural wastes and byproducts offer a vast avenue for replacing commonplace, but environmentally unfavorable, petroleum‐based plastics. Chicken feather fiber (CFF), soy protein isolate (SPI), and jute fabric (JF) are three agricultural materials that can be utilized for creating ‘green’, that is, from nature, resins and composites. This study details the preparation of CFF‐loaded SPI (CFF/SPI) resins and JF/(CFF/SPI) hybrid green composites, both with and without the frequently used toxic crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde (GA), and their respective mechanical properties. Results showed that as CFF loading increased from 0% to 30%, the tensile fracture stress and strain of CFF/SPI resins decreased from 25.2 to 14.3 MPa and from 4.0 to 1.4% respectively, suggesting that CFF acted mostly as filler. JF/(CFF/SPI) composites had higher tensile properties compared to CFF/SPI resins, with fracture stresses and strains ranging from 26.6 to 22.0 MPa and 4.3% to 5.8%, respectively, as CFF loading increased from 0% to 30%. Apart from increasing the flexural modulus, CFF loading did not significantly affect the flexural properties of JF/(CFF/SPI) composites. With any addition of CFF, CFF/SPI resins and JF/(CFF/SPI) composites showed higher mechanical properties than their GA‐crosslinked counterparts, demonstrating that the toxic crosslinker was unnecessary when using the procedure in this work.

Highlights

Fully green composites produced with viability for furniture applications.

Mechanical performance of GA‐free SPI resin negated need of toxic crosslinker.

CFF reduced warpage when incorporated into SPI resin, and JF/SPI composite.

JF/(CFF/SPI) composites found to be superior mechanically to all CFF/SPI resins.

JF/(CFF/SPI) composite mechanically optimized at 10/90 CFF/SPI resin ratio.
Experimental studies on the physical and mechanical properties of modified silica/graphene reinforced polyamide6/copolyester elastomer blend nanocomposites
Authors: Srinivas S. , Ananthapadmanabha G. S. , Suresha B. , Nagarajan Rajini , Mohammad Faruq , Krishnan Kumar , Devi M. P. Indira , Ahmad Shafiq
Published: November 2024

Compatibility of epoxy extrusion and injection molding was used to create a series of polyamide6 (PA6)/ copolyester elastomer (CoPe)/nano‐silica (nS) and graphene nanoplatelets (nG) composites. The impact of surface‐modified nanofillers and loading on the composites' physical and mechanical properties were investigated. As a consequence, PA6/CoPe blend with silane‐treated nS and nG composites had a slight drop in elongation but a significant gain in strength and modulus than PA6/CoPe blend. The interlaminar shear strength of the nG‐filled PA6/CoPe blend was increased by up to 33.5%, a maximum of 37.55 MPa, with a 1.5 wt% nG loading. With the 1.5 wt% nG loading on the blend surface, the ep resin compatibilizer assisted in interfacial bonding between the matrix and nanoparticles. The impact strength of the PA6/CoPe blend was found to be greater due to the existence of a tougher PA6 matrix, which was subsequently increased by the addition of nS filler reinforcement in the PA6/CoPe/nS composite. The addition of 1.5 wt% of nG in PA6/CoPe blend improved the tensile strength and elastic modulus by 15.8% and 15.1% compared to PA6/CoPe blend, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that the composite had a continuous PA6 phase and a dispersed CoPe phase. The nS and nG particles were embedded in the PA6/CoPe blend exclusively at 1.5 wt% loading. Microstructure analysis reveals a strong contact between the silane‐treated nS and nG and the polar PA molecules, and it may be responsible for the increased mechanical properties.

Highlights

1.5 wt% nanoplatelets (nG) boosted tensile strength by 15.8% in polyamide6/copolyester elastomer blend.

nG addition increased elastic modulus by 15.1% in the composite.

Nano‐silica reinforcement enhanced impact strength with tough polyamide6 matrix.

Silane‐treated nano‐silica and nG improved mechanical properties via strong bonds.

Slight reduction in elongation observed with nanofiller addition.
Pair or Group‐Design Activities: The Effect of Design Activities on Problem‐Solving, Design Thinking Disposition, and Design Thinking Traits
Authors: Avcı Ümmühan , Yıldız Durak Hatice
Published: November 2024

Design thinking has become an important process in many fields to encourage innovation toward problem solving skills in various fields. In the field of education, design thinking has been incorporated into curriculums as it contributes both to higher order thinking skills and to the learning process with its flexible and dynamic nature. However, there is a growing need and interest in exploring how design thinking affects students' learning experiences and its potential in group work (collaborative or pair). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of design thinking activities carried out as a pair or group in a design‐based learning process on problem‐solving, design thinking disposition, and design thinking traits. Sixty‐seven students (64.2% male and 35.8% female) who took the graphic design course participated in this study. The average age of the students participating in the study was 21.85 years. The study was designed with the mixed method. Studies enriched with design thinking activities were conducted with participants in pairs or groups. A demographic information form, three scales and a semi‐structured interview form were used. The data were analyzed with Mann−Whitney U tests and qualitative data analysis methods. According to the results of the study, students who participated in pair‐design activities emphasized the contributions of the process in defining the problem and visualizing solutions, while students who participated in group‐design activities reported that the design thinking approach facilitated their problem solving processes. These findings suggest that design thinking can be an important tool in developing students' problem solving skills. According to the results regarding its contribution to design thinking disposition, it was found that there was a significant difference between the post‐test scores of the experimental groups in the relationship dimension. It was also concluded that the experimental study had a significant effect on the collaboration dimension of design thinking characteristics. This study can provide students with tips on how to manage group work and how to share tasks correctly to improve their problem solving and design thinking processes.
Phenomic‐assisted selection: Assessment of the potential of near‐infrared spectroscopy for blueberry breeding
Authors: Adunola Paul , Tavares Flores Estefania , Azevedo Camila , Casorzo Gonzalo , Ghimire Lushan , Ferrão Luis Felipe V. , Munoz Patricio R.
Published: November 2024

The integration of high‐throughput technologies such as near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for phenomic‐assisted selection in plant breeding has gained relevance in recent years. In blueberry, the use of phenomic selection could enable selection in the early stages, where thousands of seedlings are visually selected, and the use of genomic selection (GS) is cost‐prohibitive. In this study, we compared phenomic and GS in 372 genotypes, which were phenotyped for multiple fruit quality traits across 2 years. Our contribution is fourfold: (i) phenomic and GS methods have comparable predictive performances for multiple traits; (ii) leaves can achieve the highest genetic gains in the long term among NIRS of different biological tissues (leaf and fruit); (iii) BayesB, mixed models, and random forest resulted in the best predictive results across traits for optimizing phenomic prediction; and finally (iv) attention was drawn to the possibility of using phenomic prediction across environments. Altogether, for the first time in the blueberry literature, the utility of NIRS for phenomic‐assisted selection is demonstrated. While the primary focus is on blueberries, this approach can be evaluated in other fruit trees.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis associated with Cryptococcus neoformans in an immunocompetent child
Authors: Xiao Jiying , Chen Jie , Chen Junsong , Zhang Li , Ali Kamran , Wu Suling
Published: November 2024

We report a pediatric case of pulmonary cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in an immunocompetent child. Although the patient presented with mild clinical symptoms, pulmonary imaging revealed severe abnormalities. The diagnosis was confirmed through fungal culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and detection of serum cryptococcal antigen. An appropriate and adequately administered course of antifungal treatment led to a favorable prognosis.
Update in Asthma Management in Low‐Middle Income Countries
Authors: Lachner Ian , Soto‐Martínez Manuel E.
Published: November 2024

Asthma represents a significant global health burden, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where its impact is disproportionately severe. In these regions, asthma management is characterized by poorer control and greater mortality rates compared to wealthier nations. The prevalence of asthma is on the rise and demographic trends indicate that there would be a greater burden on children given that they represent a larger proportion of the population pyramid in LMICs. Challenges in addressing asthma in LMICs are various, amongst them: health care systems in these countries predominantly focus on acute and infectious diseases, leading to inadequate attention to chronic illnesses. Access to essential controller medications (inhaled corticosteroids) is often limited and availability tends to fluctuate. Infraestructural deficiencies and difficult health care access are also identified barriers. Furthermore, many LMICs struggle to meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines that are set for a minimum standard of care for asthma treatment. Suggested approaches should be aimed at: foment commitment from local health care providers and governmental involvement on policies to meet minimum standards of care (emphasis on continuous access to controller medications) Equally significant is the implementation of policies designed to augment educational strategies (health care professionals and general population), reduce smoking rates and air pollution.
Outpatient Medications Deimplemented by the AAP Bronchiolitis Guidelines: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Mellick Larry , Walsh Paul , Clanton Clista , Kalra Sarathi , McKinney Shane
Published: November 2024

Background

The 2014 AAP Bronchiolitis Guidelines deimplemented or recommended against the routine therapeutic use of albuterol, hypertonic saline, and epinephrine for infants and children presenting in the outpatient setting. Our objective was to perform an umbrella review of all meta‐analyses that included outpatient subanalyses or network meta‐analyses with medication treatment comparisons to study the clinical benefits of these deimplemented medications in the outpatient (i.e., primary care, urgent care, and emergency department) setting.

Methods

Searches were performed in the databases PubMed and Scopus and the Web search engine Google Scholar on the following three topics: albuterol and bronchiolitis, epinephrine and bronchiolitis, and hypertonic saline and bronchiolitis. Article types were limited to systematic reviews and meta‐analyses with outpatient subanalyses, with English language and age restrictions. The search strategy was based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Studies (PICOS) framework. The studies were uploaded to Rayyan, a Web‐based platform for managing articles of systematic reviews. Citation tracking and manual review of references were performed for the included studies. The meta‐analyses and network meta‐analyses were reviewed for outpatient subanalyses focused on clinical responses and risk of hospital admission.

Results

A total of 6 meta‐analyses for albuterol, 4 meta‐analyses for epinephrine, and 11 meta‐analyses for hypertonic saline were included. Our review identified evidence from predominantly low and moderate evidence meta‐analyses (assessed using GRADE and AMSTAR 2) indicating that all three deimplemented medications exhibit one or more therapeutic effects and benefits for infants with the bronchiolitis syndrome in the outpatient setting. Effect sizes ranged from medium to near medium. These clinical benefits include decreased hospital admissions and lower clinical severity scores.

Conclusions

Given the heterogeneity of patients under the umbrella term “acute bronchiolitis” and the potential for some patients to respond clinically to albuterol, hypertonic saline, and epinephrine, current evidence supports conducting therapeutic trials in infants with acute bronchiolitis in outpatient settings. However, further well‐designed and adequately powered randomized controlled trials and high‐quality meta‐analyses are still needed.
Examining Elastic Band Properties for Exercise Prescription: AGUEDA Equations
Authors: Fernandez‐Gamez Beatriz , Pulido‐Muñoz Álvaro , Olvera‐Rojas Marcos , Solis‐Urra Patricio , Corral‐Pérez Juan , Morales Javier S. , Jiménez‐Pavón David , Mora‐Gonzalez Jose , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene
Published: November 2024

Objective

The objective of this paper is to quantify muscle load using Theraband elastic bands across seven resistance intensities.

Methods

Bands were profiled using a force sensor, standardized to 200 cm length, and manually stretched. Measurements for each band were twice recorded at 11 distances and converted to percentages for standardization.

Results

Equations derived from Theraband resistance properties were established (kg = ((elastic constant) ± SE) × percentage of elongation). The standard error ranged from 0.0007 to 0.069, while the coefficient of determination ranged from 0.977 to 0.995.

Conclusion

This study provides quantification of resistance across various intensities of Theraband elastic band, offering equations for estimating external load.
Electroencephalography in naturalistic and semi‐naturalistic educational contexts: A systematic review
Authors: García‐Monge Alfonso , Rodríguez‐Navarro Henar , Bores‐García Daniel , González‐Calvo Gustavo
Published: November 2024

This systematic review examines 76 studies that have utilised portable electroencephalographic (EEG) devices in naturalistic and semi‐naturalistic contexts. The review considers themes, purposes, contexts, application populations, device characteristics, and data use. The results show a dominance of studies focused on attention, in technology‐mediated semi‐naturalistic situations, in which records are made individually, with university students using low‐cost equipment with fewer than 15 channels. This review highlights an emerging field within educational research that has not yet been fully integrated into educational practice. However, these first experiences can gradually generate a body of knowledge that will facilitate future applications, together with the development of better and more accessible devices. The use of these devices in educational contexts raises ethical concerns, particularly the influence on teaching decisions by opaque commercial algorithms that may oversimplify assessments of specific cognitive processes and fail to adapt to individual student characteristics.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study: Portable EEG devices are emerging tools that offer new insights into cognitive processes in learning situations.

Why the new findings are important: The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of EEG to monitor aspects such as attention and cognitive load in real time, which could enhance the personalisation of educational strategies.

Implications for educators, researchers and policy makers: This study has implications for educators, researchers and policy makers, as it illustrates how neurotechnology can be integrated into educational settings and emphasises the need for more naturalistic studies to maximise its impact. It also highlights the ethical challenges associated with the use of commercial algorithms in educational decision‐making.
Fabric Solar Evaporator Inspired by Jellyfish for Efficient and Continuous Water Desalination
Authors: Zhang Songnan , Chen Yingcan , Wang Xi , Zhang Zhibin , Zhao Kaiying , Zhang Di , Li Guolong , Zhang Tong , Cheng Yan , Shi Yunlong , Huang Jianying , Qian Xiaoming , Lai Yuekun
Published: November 2024

The conversion of solar energy into heat for seawater desalination is emerging as a promising method. However, it requires further research on light absorption, thermal management, and salt deposition to improve water evaporation rates. This study introduces a 3D solar evaporator inspired by jellyfish utilizing honeycomb fabric (HF), which capitalizes on a synergistic effect between the periodically arranged concave unit structure and the Chinese ink and carbon black particles (ink@CB), achieving up to 98% light absorption with ink@CB‐HF. Additionally, the insulating foam effectively separates the evaporating layer from the bulk water, thereby significantly reduces heat loss. Furthermore, the water transport channel and evaporation layer prepared by the hydrophilic flax yarns facilitate ion exchange and water transport, preventing salt accumulation in the photothermal layer during the evaporation. The results demonstrate that the evaporator exhibits an excellent evaporation rate of 1.854 kg m−2 h−1 and a high conversion efficiency of up to 92.2% under 1 sun illumination. It maintains efficient evaporation even under low sunlight or high ion concentration conditions. Notably, the ink@CB‐HF‐foam sustains its stability throughout 15 evaporation cycles. This work provides a new approach to design cost‐effective, highly efficient, and durable solar evaporators for seawater desalination.
Controllable Microwave Heating for Energy‐Efficient and Universal Synthesis of Atomically Dispersed Metals on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Zhao Haoyue , Song Beibei , Li Han , Li Xinyu , Ge Can , Wu Qilong , Chen Jun , Wang Zhe , Yan Guilong , Fang Jian
Published: November 2024

Carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have shown great potential in electrocatalysis, whereas traditional synthesis methods typically involve energy‐intensive carbonization processes and unfavorable atomic migration and aggregation. Herein, an energy‐efficient and universal strategy is developed to rapidly fabricate various SACs on nitrogen‐doped hierarchically porous carbon nanofibers (M‐TM/NPCNFs, TM = Fe, Co, Ni, FeCo, and FeNi) by electrospinning and controllable microwave heating technique. Such microwave heating technique enables an ultrafast heating rate (ramping to 900 °C in 5 min) to greatly suppress the random migration and aggregation of metal species. Meanwhile, the energy consumption and time can be reduced to 2.5% and less than half an hour, respectively, compared to traditional pyrolysis methods. As a proof of concept, the synthesized M‐Fe/NPCNFs with abundant Fe‐N4 sites exhibit remarkable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with a high half‐wave potential (E1/2 = 0.88 V) in alkaline media, excellent performance in Zn‐air battery with a large discharge specific capacity (801 mAh g−1) and long‐term cycle durability (over 1000 h), demonstrating the great potential of the microwave heating technique in efficient fabrication of SACs for energy related applications.
Microporous Organic Ladder Polymer with Vertically Aligned Quinones for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Sarkar Suprabhat , Dutta Tapas Kumar , Jana Krishnendu , Mandal Balaji Prasad , Patra Abhijit
Published: November 2024

Sodium‐ion battery is emerging as a promising technology in the post‐lithium‐ion battery era to meet the high demand for portable energy storage devices. Custom‐designed organic materials have been pursued as sustainable alternative electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries, offering a solution that bypasses the need for traditional high‐temperature synthesis. However, the challenge lies in achieving the desired electrochemical properties through precise structural modulation and the incorporation of redox‐active functional groups. In this study, a triptycene‐based microporous organic ladder polymer is developed featuring redox‐active quinone moieties, designed as an anode material for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries. The vertically aligned quinone moieties in the porous ladder polymer prevent the eclipsed stacking of layers, thereby enhancing the exposure of electroactive sites to electrolyte ions. Additionally, the ladder polymer exhibits almost unimodal pores due to its structural rigidity, facilitating fast Na+ ion diffusion. The redox‐active quinone moieties host Na+ ions, and the microporosity supports capacitive ion storage. Consequently, a high reversible specific capacity of 316 mAh g−1 has been achieved. This study introduces a novel design strategy to develop redox‐active microporous ladder polymers by carefully selecting organic building units for efficient Na+ ion storage.
Flexible and Transparent Ultrathin Gold Electrodes via Ion Beam Smoothing
Authors: Ferrando Giulio , Mennucci Carlo , Barelli Matteo , Giordano Maria Caterina , Buatier de Mongeot Francesco
Published: November 2024

Herein, a large‐area nanofabrication process is proposed for flexible, ultrathin, and ultrasmooth gold films with extraordinary electro‐optical performance, making them competitive as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). The approach circumvents the thermodynamic constraints associated with the physical deposition of thin film electrodes, where 3D growth and metal dewetting delay stable percolation until the deposited film thickness exceeds 8–10 nm. It is demonstrated that a postgrowth ion irradiation procedure of compact gold films with Ar+ beam at very low energies, around 100 eV, predominantly induces ballistic smoothing and grain boundary restructuring. This process finally leads to the formation of ultrasmooth and ultrathin gold films that remain compact even at a thickness of 4 nm, with a sheet resistance in the range of 60 Ω sq−1 and an optical transparency around 80%. Remarkably, the films remain percolated even at thicknesses as low as 3 nm, with a transparency exceeding 90% and a sheet resistance of 190 Ω sq−1. These figures are comparable to those of commercial TCEs and enable simple, scalable, all‐metal transparent contacts on both rigid and flexible substrates, with significant potential for optoelectronic applications.
Assessing the Prevalence and Histopathology of Linguatula serrata Infection of Camels and Cattle in Zabol County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
Authors: Rahnama Mohammad , Bameri Tayebeh , Sadr Soheil , Lotfalizadeh Narges , Alipour Eskandani Majid , Khedri Javad
Published: November 2024

Background/objective

Linguatula serrata (L. serrata) is a worldwide zoonotic parasite and one of the most widespread pathogens. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of L. serrata in cattle and camels of Zabol County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran.

Methods

From March 2014 to February 2021, 300 cattle (48 female and 252 male) and 300 camels (31 female and 269 male) were examined at the Zabol slaughterhouse, encompassing different age groups. The cattle breeds were indigenous (native Sistani breeds) and non‐indigenous (breeds introduced from external regions), while all the camels were native breeds. To identify L. serrata nymphs, three samples of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were meticulously collected in phosphate‐buffered saline immediately after slaughtering.

Results

According to the results, 4.33% (13/300) of cattle were infected with L. serrata, with six females and seven males infected. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of infection between females (6/48, 12.5%) and males (7/252, 2.77%) of cattle (p = 0.009). Moreover, cattle older than 3 years had significantly more infections with L. serrata nymphs (16.07%, 9/56) than cattle of other ages (p < 0.001). Compared to other seasons, autumn showed a high prevalence of parasites (8.1%, 6/74) (p = 0.017). Regarding the camels, only 3.66% (11/300) were infected, and there was no significant difference in infection rates between male and female camels or between seasons (p > 0.05). The infection rate was higher in camels older than 3 years (n = 9) than in camels younger than 3 years (p < 0.05). The MLNs of infected cattle were edematous, red, enlarged and characterized by an eosinophilic granulomatous reaction with mononuclear inflammatory cells.

Conclusion

The present study had low rates of L. serrata infection because the farms were clean, and cattle and camels did not have contact with final hosts such as dogs and wild canids. This suggests that their management strategies, including secure and preventative measures, were effective.