bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural assembly of the human Miro1/2 GTPases based on the crystal structure of the N-terminal GTPase domain
Authors: Smith Kyle P. , Focia Pamela J. , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Landahl Eric C. , Klosowiak Julian L. , Rice Sarah E. , Freymann Douglas M.
Published: August 2019

Dysfunction in mitochondrial dynamics is believed to contribute to a host of neurological disorders and has recently been implicated in cancer metastasis. The outer mitochondrial membrane adapter protein Miro functions in the regulation of mitochondrial mobility and degradation, however, the structural basis for its roles in mitochondrial regulation remain unknown. Here, we report a 1.7Å crystal structure of N-terminal GTPase domain (nGTPase) of human Miro1 bound unexpectedly to GTP, thereby revealing a non-catalytic configuration of the putative GTPase active site. We identify two conserved surfaces of the nGTPase, the “SELFYY” and “ITIP” motifs, that are potentially positioned to mediate dimerization or interaction with binding partners. Additionally, we report small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data obtained from the intact soluble HsMiro1 and its paralog HsMiro2. Taken together, the data allow modeling of a crescent-shaped assembly of the full-length soluble domain of HsMiro1/2.

PDB reference

Crystal structure of the human Miro1 N-terminal GTPase bound to GTP, 6D71
Comprehensive Annotations of Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B Genomes Reveal Novel and Conserved Genomic Features
Authors: Finkel Yaara , Schmiedel Dominik , Tai-Schmiedel Julie , Nachshon Aharon , Schwartz Michal , Mandelboim Ofer , Stern-Ginossar Noam
Published: August 2019

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) A and B are highly ubiquitous betaherpesviruses, infecting the majority of the human population. Like other herpesviruses, they encompass large genomes and our understanding of their protein coding potential is far from complete. Here we employ ribosome profiling and systematic transcript analysis to experimentally define the HHV-6 translation products and to follow their temporal expression. We identify hundreds of new open reading frames (ORFs), including many upstream ORFs (uORFs) and internal ORFs (iORFs), generating a complete unbiased atlas of HHV-6 proteome. Furthermore, by integrating systematic data from the prototypic betaherpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus, we uncover numerous uORFs and iORFs that are conserved across betaherpesviruses and we show that uORFs are specifically enriched in late viral genes. Using our transcriptome measurements, we identified three highly abundant HHV-6 encoded long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), one of which generates a non-polyadenylated stable intron that appears to be a conserved feature of betaherpesviruses. Overall, our work reveals the complexity of HHV-6 genomes and highlights novel features that are conserved between betaherpesviruses, providing a rich resource for future functional studies.
Improving protein function prediction with synthetic feature samples created by generative adversarial networks
Authors: Wan Cen , Jones David T.
Published: August 2019

Protein function prediction is a challenging but important task in bioinformatics. Many prediction methods have been developed, but are still limited by the bottleneck on training sample quantity. Therefore, it is valuable to develop a data augmentation method that can generate high-quality synthetic samples to further improve the accuracy of prediction methods. In this work, we propose a novel generative adversarial networks-based method, namely FFPred-GAN, to accurately learn the high-dimensional distributions of protein sequence-based biophysical features and also generate high-quality synthetic protein feature samples. The experimental results suggest that the synthetic protein feature samples are successful in improving the prediction accuracy for all three domains of the Gene Ontology through augmentation of the original training protein feature samples.
Synthesis and anti-corrosion performance of C21H25NO on corrosion of N80 steel in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Zhu Yanhua , Zhao Liqiang , Liu Pingli , Qu Xiao
Published: August 2019

Purpose

In this work, a kind of Mannich base (C21H25NO) was synthesized with cinnamal aldehyde, acetophenone and diethylamine in a condensing reflux device based on the conventional method. Optimization of the inhibitor concentration was explored.

Design/methodology/approach

Spectral properties of this compound was investigated by FTIR, and its inhibition efficiency and mechanism on N80 steel in 20% hydrochloric acid solution were studied by weight loss measurement, electrochemical measurement (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and surface analytical measurement (scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer).

Findings

The results showed that the new inhibitor reduced the double-layer capacitance and increased the charge transfer resistance. The inhibition efficiency is 99.7% when the concentration of C21H25NO is 3%. The adsorption of C21H25NO on N80 steel surface in 20% HCl solution was found to be spontaneous and steady. Observed from the steel surface, an inhibition film was confirmed to be presented after adding inhibitor and successfully hindered the corrosive ions from reaching the bulk steel.

Originality/value

A new Mannich base (C21H25NO) was synthesized by cinnamal aldehyde, acetophenone and diethylamine for the corrosion prevention of N80 steel in 20% hydrochloric acid solution.
Using CFD and PIV to investigate rotating cage-related hydrodynamics for CO2 corrosion studies analyzing 2-, 4- and 8-coupons setups
Authors: Alvarado Yolitzin , Romero Rosenberg , García Juan Carlos , del Pozo Adrian , Zenit Roberto , Serna Sergio Alonso
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the corrosion in CO2 using Rotating cage (RC) and Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. RC experiments were carried out in a CO2 environment, to evaluate corrosion in a C-Mn Steel. CFD software was used to simulate RC flow conditions during the corrosion process, to evaluate wall shear stress.

Design/methodology/approach

The RC is used as a laboratory tool for studies of accelerated corrosion, according to standard ASTM G184-06. Steel corrosion was studied by means of the RC methodology. The hydrodynamics are solved numerically using CFD. Numerical calculations were performed on a 2D geometry of 8 coupons JG, for speeds of 460  and 230 rpm. The flow was analyzed with vector graphics and velocity profiles. The numerical calculations were validated with experimental measurements of the velocity field obtained with the technique of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV).

Findings

Different turbulence models were used, in which CFD simulations were compared with data obtained from PIV. According to this comparison, the best turbulence model was determined.

Originality/value

It was found that experimental flow speeds have closer values with Spalart–Allmaras modeling than K-epsilon and K-kl-omega.
Teacher competence inventory
Authors: Ludwikowska Kamila
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Teachers at the tertiary level play an essential role in the expansion of quality in higher education. The issue of competence and its development has particular importance in creating the new landscape of the twenty-first century. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop validated inventory identifying future-oriented competences required for the teaching profession in the changing environment of higher education institutions (HEIs).

Design/methodology/approach

In the study, teacher competences and related teacher’s behavior were theoretically defined and underwent principal factor analysis. The survey was carried out among teachers, students and graduates of HEIs in India.

Findings

The analysis revealed future-oriented teacher competences resulting from the globalization process of the teaching profession. Testing the inventory indicated that there was a high Cronbach’s α reliability. Results show that the inventory enjoyed proper internal consistency for four dimensions as general teaching competences. The inventory with 66 items and four factors explained 47.279 percent of the total variance and indicated a strong factor model.

Practical implications

Teacher competence inventory (TCI) can be used to modernize study programs of teacher education and shift focus toward future-oriented competences required for the teaching profession in HEIs in India. Therefore, TCI could be essential to prepare teachers for the changing environment of teaching.

Originality/value

This study is an essential step in reorienting the process of teacher education toward professional development aimed at developing future-oriented competences in the teaching profession. It proposes to develop an instrument measuring teacher competences areas and related teacher behavior.
Self-protective strategies of parents with ADHD and their children as mediated by sensitivity – a multiple-case study
Authors: Syrjänen Milla , Hautamäki Airi , Pleshkova Natalia , Maliniemi Sinikka
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the parental sensitivity and self-protective strategies of parents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those of their children.

Design/methodology/approach

Six parents with ADHD and their under 3-years-old children participated. One parent took part with her both children. The data included seven parent-child dyads. The parents were interviewed with the modified Adult Attachment Interview. Parental sensitivity was assessed using the CARE-Index. The self-protective strategies of the children were assessed with The Strange Situation Procedure or the Preschool Assessment of Attachment.

Findings

The study showed a variety of the self-protective strategies of parents with ADHD as well as those of their children. Three subgroups were formed on the basis of risk as indicated by Crittenden’s gradient of transformation of information. Parents displayed complex self-protective strategies as well as unresolved traumas, which impaired their sensitivity and ability to engage in mutual regulation of arousal and emotion. The parents’ needs of self-protection compromised their ability to protect and comfort their child that is their sensitivity. The children’s protective strategies matched those of their parents in regard to complexity as mediated by parental sensitivity.

Originality/value

This multiple-case study demonstrates new ideas to be tested with quantitative methods in larger samples. There are no previous studies which have examined both the attachment strategies and sensitivity of parents with ADHD connecting these with the evolving attachment strategies of their children.
Increasing the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in combination with a statin in reducing liver fibrosis
Authors: Mohammadalipour Adel , Hashemnia Mohammad , Goudarzi Farjam , Ravan Alireza Pouyandeh
Published: August 2019

It has been shown that both nilotinib as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and atorvastatin as a rho‐kinase inhibitor, have antifibrotic effects. Therefore, considering the relationship between these two pathways, this study aimed to investigate the effects of their co‐treatment against hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and liver fibrosis. For this purpose, the activation of HSCs coincided with these therapies. Also, liver fibrosis by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was induced in male Wistar rats and treated simultaneously with these compounds. The expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Ras homolog gene family, and member A (RhoA)/Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) in HSCs were measured. The expression of transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1), its receptor (TβRII), CTGF, and platelets derived growth factor (PDGF), in the livers, were also investigated, all by real‐time PCR and western blot analysis. Also, histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed to evaluate changes in liver fibrosis during treatment. The results indicated the down‐regulation of RhoA/ROCK, CTGF, and α‐SMA, and inhibition of the HSCs activation toward myofibroblasts. The results also showed that the combined use of atorvastatin and nilotinib has significantly higher inhibitory effects. The antifibrotic effects of atorvastatin and nilotinib co‐administration were also observed by histopathologic and immunohistochemical observations, and inhibiting the expression of TGF‐β1, TβRII, CTGF, and PDGF. Taken together, this study revealed that co‐administration of nilotinib–atorvastatin has novel antifibrotic effects, by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK, and CTGF pathway. Therefore, the importance of the common pathway of RhoA/ROCK and CTGF, in reducing fibrosis may almost be concluded.
Sustainable Agriculture – Life beyond Subsidies: Lessons from New Zealand
Authors: Saunders Caroline
Published: August 2019

This address explores the importance for agricultural sustainability of different types of capital assets, especially knowledge capital, drawing on recent research in New Zealand that has aimed to expand the contribution of the primary sector to sustainable wellbeing. I begin with an overview of the theory on what constitutes sustainability and wellbeing, focusing on connections between wellbeing, capabilities and different types of capital stocks, and highlighting the importance of knowledge capital for wellbeing. Recent trends in New Zealand and United Kingdom agriculture provide the applied context for analysis of some key knowledge issues facing agriculture, framed by the capability theory of the firm following David Teece. The paper finishes with a brief conclusion on the implications for theUK.
Bioactivity evaluation of calcium silicate‐based endodontic materials used for apexification
Authors: Ürkmez Elif Şeyda , Pınar Erdem Arzu
Published: August 2019

This study aims to compare the bioactivity of Biodentine, ProRoot MTA and NeoMTA Plus with regard to their element uptake (Ca, Si and Ca/P) by root canal dentine in a simulated apex (n = 30 each) and evaluate the correlation between the dentine fracture resistance (n = 30 each) and interfacial layer thickness. Specimens immersed in a corrected simulated body solution (c‐SBF) for 1, 30 and 90 days were used. In all test materials, the Ca and Si concentrations in the root dentine were found to be significantly higher, whereas the Ca/P and Si concentrations increased over time (P < 0.05). The dentine fracture resistance showed a difference at only day 30. The dentine fracture resistance of Biodentine and ProRoot MTA was positively correlated with the Si and Ca/P values, and the mean interfacial layer thickness of all specimens. A high biomineralisation capacity of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, and their positive effects on the dentine fracture resistance during the first 30 days suggest that they may present more advantages than NeoMTA Plus in apexification treatment.
Genetic model of MS severity predicts future accumulation of disability
Authors: Jackson Kayla C. , Sun Katherine , Barbour Christopher , Hernandez Dena , Kosa Peter , Tanigawa Makoto , Weideman Ann Marie , Bielekova Bibiana
Published: August 2019

No genetic modifiers of multiple sclerosis (MS) severity have been independently validated, leading to a lack of insight into genetic determinants of the rate of disability progression. We investigated genetic modifiers of MS severity in prospectively acquired training (N = 205) and validation (N = 94) cohorts, using the following advances: (1) We focused on 113 genetic variants previously identified as related to MS severity; (2) We used a novel, sensitive outcome: MS Disease Severity Scale (MS‐DSS); (3) Instead of validating individual alleles, we used a machine learning technique (random forest) that captures linear and complex nonlinear effects between alleles to derive a single Genetic Model of MS Severity (GeM‐MSS). The GeM‐MSS consists of 19 variants located in vicinity of 12 genes implicated in regulating cytotoxicity of immune cells, complement activation, neuronal functions, and fibrosis. GeM‐MSS correlates with MS‐DSS (r = 0.214; p = 0.043) in a validation cohort that was not used in the modeling steps. The recognized biology identifies novel therapeutic targets for inhibiting MS disability progression.
Using microarray analysis to identify genes and pathways that regulate fetal hemoglobin levels
Authors: Jia Siyuan , Jia Wenguang , Yu Shanjuan , Hu Yanling , He Yunyan
Published: August 2019

Increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF: α2γ2) can ameliorate the clinical severity of the β‐hemoglobinopathies. Microarray analysis represents a powerful approach to identify novel genetic factors regulating the γ‐globin gene. Gene expression profiling was previously performed on 14 individuals with high or normal HbF levels to identify the genetic factors that control γ‐globin gene expression. To obtain more accurate and reliable results, our results were combined with public microarray dataset GSE22109 deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Annotation of case versus control samples was taken directly from the microarray documentation. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and were deeply analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Combined with our own chip expression data, potential genes HBE1, TFRC, and CSF2 were selected out for subsequent qRT‐PCR validation. A total of 184 DEGs were identified from GSE22109 and the protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the hematopoietic cell lineage pathway overlaps in the two datasets. HBE1, CSF2, and TFRC were confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Our results suggest novel candidate genes and pathways associated with the γ‐globin gene expression.
Unravelling perceptions of Eurasian beaver reintroduction in Great Britain
Authors: Auster Roger Edward , Puttock Alan , Brazier Richard
Published: August 2019

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines state that anticipated impacts must be considered in wildlife reintroduction, including the impacts on humans. Further, since reintroduction projects can be halted by resulting human–wildlife conflicts or human–human conflicts about wildlife, the perceptions of stakeholders and publics are of great importance. Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) reintroduction is being debated in Great Britain at a devolved level. A decision has already been taken in Scotland to allow beavers already present to remain, while a number of reintroduction trials are taking place in England (both fenced and unfenced). There are also proposals for a reintroduction trial in Wales. We use a sub‐set of results from a nationwide survey (n = 2,759) to identify four social areas that we propose decision‐makers should consider in the debate: key stakeholder perceptions; engagement methods; attitudes towards legal protection and management responsibilities; and support for management techniques. In this paper, we investigate the complex social dimensions of wildlife reintroduction and we argue that emphasis should be placed on the need to recognise societal perceptions of potential management solutions, beyond perceptions of reintroduction itself. This is paramount in order to develop a management strategy that is more likely to garner social support and reduce potential future conflicts, should beaver reintroduction proceed.
Adaptive transfer learning in deep neural networks: Wind power prediction using knowledge transfer from region to region and between different task domains
Authors: Qureshi Aqsa Saeed , Khan Asifullah
Published: August 2019

Transfer learning (TL) in deep neural networks is gaining importance because, in most of the applications, the labeling of data is costly and time consuming. Additionally, TL also provides an effective weight initialization strategy for deep neural networks. This paper introduces the idea of adaptive TL in deep neural networks (ATL‐DNN) for wind power prediction. Specifically, we show in case of wind power prediction that adaptive TL of the deep neural networks system can be adaptively modified as regards training on a different wind farm is concerned. The proposed ATL‐DNN technique is tested for short‐term wind power prediction, where continuously arriving information has to be exploited. Adaptive TL not only helps in providing good weight initialization, but also in utilizing the incoming data for effective learning. Additionally, the proposed ATL‐DNN technique is shown to transfer knowledge between different task domains (wind power to wind speed prediction) and from one region to another region. The simulation results show that the proposed ATL‐DNN technique achieves average values of 0.0637, 0.0986, and 0.0984 for the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and standard deviation error, respectively.
How can methylprednisolone work on epileptic spasms with malformation of cortical development?
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Kim Min‐Jee , Kim Eun‐Jin , Woo Dong‐Cheol , Yum Mi‐Sun , Ko Tae‐Sung
Published: August 2019

Although steroids are suggested as the treatment of choice for infantile spasms, the mechanism of action is still unclear. Using a rat model of malformation of cortical development with refractory infantile spasms, we evaluated the efficacy of methylprednisolone on spasms susceptibility and behaviors. Additionally, we investigated the in vivo electrophysiological and neurochemical changes of the brain after methylprednisolone treatment. Infant rats with prenatal exposure of methylazoxymethanol at gestational day 15 were used. After a single dose of methylprednisolone or three different doses of methylprednisolone for 3 days, spasms were triggered by intraperitoneal injection of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid. In rats with 3 days of methylprednisolone pretreatment and their controls, behavioral testing was performed at postnatal day 15. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at postnatal day 15 after 3 days of methylprednisolone treatment. The rats with single methylprednisolone pretreatment showed significantly delayed onset of spasms and multiple doses of methylprednisolone significantly suppressed the development of spasms in a dose‐dependent manner. After multiple methylprednisolone pretreatment and a cluster of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid‐induced spasms, the rats showed significantly increased freezing behaviors to conditioned stimuli. Glutamate‐weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer revealed significant elevation of glutamate concentration in the cortices of the rats with multiple methylprednisolone pretreatments. Methylprednisolone pretreatment could attenuate N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid‐induced spasms with in vivo neurochemical and electrophysiological changes, which indicates this steroid's action on the brain and in epilepsy.
Recognising Indigenous customary law of totemic plant species: Challenges and pathways
Authors: Robinson Daniel F. , Raven Margaret
Published: August 2019

The Nagoya Protocol encourages academics, government bureaucrats, and traditional owners to look at how customary law might be utilised within state law frameworks to improve and resolve “access and benefit‐sharing” processes. This paper examines and reviews legal, anthropological, and historical texts relating to biodiversity and associated knowledge to explore Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island peoples’ customary laws and governance. Understanding the broader place of Indigenous customs, laws, and belief, as sitting on the oral–written continuum and expressed through the Dreaming, provides the foundation for understanding Indigenous customary laws as they relate to plants and animals. The paper highlights, through examples, that plants and animals may be regarded as totemic species, that are rights controlled and/or relational to specific individuals or families. Looking towards native title, community protocols and a “competent cultural authority,” the paper seeks out tools which might expand the regulatory toolbox and help connect Indigenous law and state law relating to Indigenous knowledge and totemic species.
Era of geriatric medical challenges: Multimorbidity among older patients
Authors: Kuzuya Masafumi
Published: August 2019

The number of older adults is increasing worldwide, including in Asian countries. Various problems associated with medical care for older adults are being highlighted in aging societies. As the number of chronic diseases increases with age, older adults are more likely to have multiple chronic diseases simultaneously (multimorbidity). Multimorbidity results in poor health‐related outcomes, leading to increased use and cost of healthcare. Above all, it leads to deterioration in older adults’ quality of life. However, it is unclear whether any medical interventions are effective for multimorbidity, which means medical practitioners currently offer medical care “in the dark.” It is therefore necessary for researchers and medical professionals involved in geriatric medicine to establish ways to manage multimorbidity among older adults. This means that the development of research in this field is essential. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 699–704.
Examining the Extraction Efficiency of Petroleum‐Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in Contaminated Groundwater Plumes
Authors: Zito Phoebe , Ghannam Rana , Bekins Barbara A. , Podgorski David C.
Published: August 2019

The extraction efficiency of petroleum‐derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) was examined for groundwater samples from an aquifer contaminated with crude oil. Five different types of extraction techniques were investigated to determine which method is best suited for the analysis of potentially toxic petroleum‐derived DOM. The five types were a liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) with dichloromethane (DCM) and total petroleum hydrocarbons‐diesel range (TPHd) with DCM (EPA method 3510C), and three solid‐phase extraction (SPE) stationary phases that are routinely used for extraction of polar analytes from water. For the LLE and TPHd, that is selective for nonpolar compounds, the extraction efficiency of petroleum‐derived DOM decreased downgradient as the petroleum‐derived DOM becomes increasingly polar due to biodegradation. In contrast, the average extraction efficiency by the SPE methods was greater than 65% across the gradient. The results showed that SPE is more efficient for extracting petroleum‐derived DOM at hydrocarbon‐contaminated sites. The use of a method with greater extraction efficiency for partially oxidized hydrocarbons may prove useful in determining relationships between their composition and structure and potential for risks to human health or the environment.
Socio‐economic differences in patient participation behaviours in doctor–patient interactions—A systematic mapping review of the literature
Authors: Allen Sarah , Rogers Simon N. , Harris Rebecca V.
Published: August 2019

Background

The degree to which patients participate in their care can have a positive impact on health outcomes. This review aimed to map the current literature on patient participation behaviours in interactions with physicians and the extent to which differences in these behaviours can be explained by socio‐economic status (SES).

Search strategy

Four electronic databases were searched from 1980 onwards using key words related to socio‐economic status and patient participation behaviours.

Study selection

Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened by two reviewers, with the second reviewer screening 20% of all entries.

Data extraction

Data on year of publication, country, patient population, setting, patient participation behaviour studied, and SES measure used were extracted.

Main results

Forty‐nine studies were included in the review. Most studies were conducted in the United States, and the most commonly studied patient participation behaviour was involvement in decision making. Most studies measured SES using education as an indicator, with very few studies using occupation as a measure. Many studies did not report on participants’ medical condition or study setting. Patient participation in their health‐care appointment increased with increasing SES in 24 studies, although in 27 studies no significant association was found.

Discussion and conclusions

Current literature was found to be mainly US‐centric. Many studies did not specify participants’ medical condition or in what setting the study was undertaken. More studies are needed on less commonly studied patient participation behaviours. It would be helpful for further studies to also include a wider range of SES indicators.
‘Customers were not objects to suck blood from’: Social relations in UK retail banks under changing performance management systems
Authors: Laaser Knut
Published: August 2019

Utilising an analytical framework informed by a moral economy approach, this article examines the social relationships between bank workers and customers in the context of changing performance management. Informed by 46 in‐depth interviews with branch workers and branch managers from UK banks, this article focusses on the interplay of the pressures arising from an intensified and all‐encompassing performance management system and bank workers lay morality. The article seeks to analyse why one group of bank workers engages with customers in a primarily instrumental manner, while another group tends to mediate and engage in oppositional practices which aim to avoid such an instrumentalisation. The article argues that moral economy gives voice to the agency of workers and the critical concerns of the social, economic and moral consequences of market‐driven and purely profit‐oriented workplace regimes.
Synthesis and luminescence characterization of Pr3+, Gd3+ co‐doped SrF2 transparent ceramics
Authors: Yi Guoqiang , Mei Bingchu , Li Weiwei , Song Jinghong , Liu Zuodong , Zhou Zhiwei , Su Liangbi
Published: August 2019

Pr3+, Gd3+ co‐doped SrF2 transparent ceramic, as the potential material for visible luminescent applications, was prepared by hot‐pressing of precursor nanopowders. The microstructure, phase compositions, and in‐line transmittance, as well as the photoluminescence properties were investigated systematically. Highly optical quality Pr,Gd:SrF2 transparent ceramic with nearly pore‐free microstructure was obtained at 800°C for 1.5 hours. The average in‐line transmittance of the x at.% Pr, 6 at.% Gd:SrF2 (x = 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) transparent ceramics reached to 87.3 % in the infrared region. The photoluminescence spectra presented intense visible light emissions under the excitation of 444 nm, the main intrinsic emission bands located at 483 and 605 nm, which were attributed to the transitions of Pr3+: 3P0 → 3H4 and 1D2 → 3H4, respectively. With the co‐doping of Gd3+ ions, the emission intensity of the Pr:SrF2 transparent ceramic was greatly enhanced. All the emission bands of x at.% Pr, 6 at.% Gd:SrF2 transparent ceramics exhibited the highest luminescence intensity with the 1.0 at.% Pr3+ doping concentrations, whereas the lifetimes decreased dramatically with the Pr3+ doping contents increasing from 0.2 to 2.0 at.% due to its intense concentration quenching effect. The 1 at.% Pr, 6 at.% Gd:SrF2 transparent ceramic is a promising material for visible luminescent device applications.
The dream school: Mind‐changing perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Nieto Cristina , Moriña Anabel
Published: August 2019

In this study, we analyse the characteristics that define an ideal school, from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities. we carried out an inclusive research qualitative study with 36 Spanish adults with intellectual disabilities. Information from individual interviews about educational inclusion was summarized on to notecards, allowing participants to place messages into categories on a poster board. Identified themes included facilities and resources; values and rules; intimidation; what students learn; how students learn best; exams; teachers; and classmates. Results highlight the importance of inclusive values and the need for a curriculum that meets the needs of all students.
Bryophyte community assembly on young land uplift islands – Dispersal and habitat filtering assessed using species traits
Authors: Tiselius Andreas Karlsson , Lundbäck Sofi , Lönnell Niklas , Jansson Roland , Dynesius Mats
Published: August 2019

Aim

To assess habitat filtering and dispersal limitation in spore plant community assembly using bryophytes on recently emerged land uplift islands as study system.

Location

Gulf of Bothnia, northern Europe.

Taxa

Bryophytes, including the spore plant phyla Bryophyta (mosses) and Marchantiophyta (liverworts).

Methods

The species compositions of 20 coastal land uplift islands differing in age, area, connectivity and habitat composition were recorded in the field. In addition, we compiled a list of the regional species pool (446 species) and gathered data on species traits related to habitat affiliations (substrate, light, moisture, and pH) and dispersal capacity (regional abundance, spore size, sporophyte frequency, sexual system, vegetative propagules). For the 420 species with available trait data, we used multivariate generalized linear models to compare trait effects on species occurrence probabilities on the islands.

Results

Occurrence probabilities depended strongly on habitat affiliations. In addition, occurrence probabilities were lower for predominantly asexual species than for sexual species and for regionally rare than for regionally abundant species. Having specialized asexual propagules increased occurrence probabilities, but compensated only partly for the reductions in asexual species. No effect of the size of sexually produced spores was detected. Comparison of trait effects across island size and connectivity gradients revealed (a) reduced habitat filtering on larger islands and (b) decreasing negative effects of being predominantly asexual with increasing island connectivity.

Conclusions

Both habitat filtering and dispersal capacities affect the community assembly of spore plants on land uplift islands. Asexual mosses and liverworts show landscape scale (≤10 km) dispersal limitation. The weak or absent relationships between island connectivity and the effects of dispersal traits suggest that colonization is regulated mainly by habitat availability and the abundance of each species in a “regional spore rain” from which colonists are recruited.
Close‐kin mating, but not inbred parents, reduces hatching rates and offspring quality in a threatened tortoise
Authors: Yuan Michael L. , White K. Nicole , Rothermel Betsie B. , Zamudio Kelly R. , Tuberville Tracey D.
Published: August 2019

Inbreeding depression, the reduction in fitness due to mating of related individuals, is of particular conservation concern in species with small, isolated populations. Although inbreeding depression is widespread in natural populations, long‐lived species may be buffered from its effects during population declines due to long generation times and thus are less likely to have evolved mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance than species with shorter generation times. However, empirical evidence of the consequences of inbreeding in threatened, long‐lived species is limited. In this study, we leverage a well‐studied population of gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus, to examine the role of inbreeding depression and the potential for behavioural inbreeding avoidance in a natural population of a long‐lived species. We tested the hypothesis that increased parental inbreeding leads to reduced hatching rates and offspring quality. Additionally, we tested for evidence of inbreeding avoidance. We found that high parental relatedness results in offspring with lower quality and that high parental relatedness is correlated with reduced hatching success. However, we found that hatching success and offspring quality increase with maternal inbreeding, likely due to highly inbred females mating with more distantly related males. We did not find evidence for inbreeding avoidance in males and outbred females, suggesting sex‐specific evolutionary trade‐offs may have driven the evolution of mating behaviour. Our results demonstrate inbreeding depression in a long‐lived species and that the evolution of inbreeding avoidance is shaped by multiple selective forces.
Shared decision‐making in mental and behavioural health interventions
Authors: Trusty Wilson T. , Penix Elizabeth A. , Dimmick A. Andrew , Swift Joshua K.
Published: August 2019

Elements of shared decision‐making (ie, collaboration, patient preferences, and working alliance) have long been discussed and studied in the field of clinical psychology; however, research indicates that shared decision‐making is not typically used in clinical practice. Instead, clinicians often rely on a paternalistic approach. In this article, we provide a narrative review of the existing research supporting shared decision‐making for mental and behavioural health concerns, we discuss several barriers that impede its use in actual clinical practice, and we provide recommendations for increasing shared decision‐making when working with patients.
The impact of an epilepsy nurse competency framework on the costs of supporting adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability: findings from the EpAID study
Authors: Pennington M. , Ring H. , Howlett J. , Smith C. , Redley M. , Murphy C. , Hook R. , Platt A. , Gilbert N. , Jones E. , Kelly J. , Pullen A. , Mander A. , Donaldson C. , Rowe S. , Wason J. , Irvine F.
Published: August 2019

Background

The development of a nurse‐led approach to managing epilepsy in adults with an intellectual disability (ID) offers the potential of improved outcomes and lower costs of care. We undertook a cluster randomised trial to assess the impact on costs and outcomes of the provision of ID nurses working to a designated epilepsy nurse competency framework. Here, we report the impact of the intervention on costs.

Method

Across the United Kingdom, eight sites randomly allocated to the intervention recruited 184 participants and nine sites allocated to treatment as usual recruited 128 participants. Cost and outcome data were collected mainly by telephone interview at baseline and after 6 months. Total costs at 6 months were compared from the perspective of health and social services and society, with adjustments for pre‐specified participant and cluster characteristics at baseline including costs. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. Uncertainty was quantified by bootstrapping.

Results

The intervention was associated with lower per participant costs from a health and social services perspective of −£357 (2014/2015 GBP) (95% confidence interval −£986, £294) and from a societal perspective of −£631 (95% confidence interval −£1473, £181). Results were not sensitive to the exclusion of accommodation costs.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the competency framework is unlikely to increase the cost of caring for people with epilepsy and ID and may reduce costs.
Limitations in daily activities and general perception of quality of life: Long term follow‐up in patients with anti‐myelin‐glycoprotein antibody polyneuropathy
Authors: Campagnolo Marta , Ruiz Marta , Falzone Yuri M. , Ermani Mario , Bianco Mariangela , Martinelli Daniele , Cerri Federica , Quattrini Angelo , Salvalaggio Alessandro , Castellani Francesca , Comi Giancarlo , Giannini Fabio , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Fazio Raffaella , Riva Nilo , Briani Chiara
Published: August 2019

In this study, we assessed the modifications over time of daily activities and quality of life (QoL) in 32 subjects with anti‐myelin‐glycoprotein (MAG) antibody neuropathy. A widespread panel including clinical scores and patient‐reported questionnaires, in compliance of the terms by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization (WHO), was employed at enrollment (T0) and at follow‐up evaluation (T1) after a mean interval of 15.4 ± 5.7 months. The Sensory Modality Sum score (SMS) at four limbs showed a significant worsening over time (mean score 27.2 ± 3.9 at T0 vs 25.7 ± 3 at T1 at upper limbs, P = .03; 20.5 ± 4.8 at T0 vs 18.6 ± 5.9 at T1 at lower limbs, P = .04). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain significantly worsened at upper limbs at T1 (mean values 0.84 ± 1.95 at T0 vs 1.78 ± 2.6 at T1, P = .03). All the other tests did not show significant differences between T0 and T1. In the subgroup who underwent rituximab (15/32 treated before T0, 3/32 patients treated between T0 and T1 with median interval of 1 year), no significant differences were observed between T0 and T1. Despite the quite long follow‐up, statistical significance was not achieved either for the limited number of patients or for the lack of sensitive outcome measures. In our cohort, the significant worsening of the SMS and VAS after a median of 14 months can be considered as a reliable expression of the natural history of the disease, and suggest that these scales might represent possible outcome measures in anti‐MAG antibody neuropathy.
Information Revelation in Decentralized Markets
Authors: HAGSTRÖMER BJÖRN , MENKVELD ALBERT J.
Published: August 2019

How does information get revealed in decentralized markets? We test several hypotheses inspired by recent dealer‐network theory. To do so, we construct an empirical map of information revelation where two dealers are connected based on the synchronicity of their quote changes. The tests, based on the euro to Swiss franc spot rate (EUR/CHF) quote data including the 2015 crash, largely support theory: strongly connected (i.e., central) dealers are more informed. Connections are weaker when there is less to be learned. The crash serves to identify how a network forms when dealers are transitioned from no‐learning to learning, that is, from a fixed to a floating rate.
Role of the arecoline/YAP1/BMP4 pathway in promoting endothelial‐mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Yao Mianfeng , Li Jiang , Yuan Shanshan , Zhu Xilei , Hu Zijie , Li Qiulan , Cao Ruoyan , Wang Wenjin , Fang Changyun
Published: August 2019

Background

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant lesion characterized by epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promotes EMT in fibrotic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms and its potential role in OSF are unclear. This study investigates whether BMP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of OSF and explores the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The expression of BMP4 and the EMT proteins E‐cadherin and vimentin was investigated in OSF specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between BMP4 and the EMT markers. Western blotting and RT‐PCR assays were used to analyze the effect of arecoline (a known EMT‐promoting pathogenic factor in OSF) on BMP4 and identify the transcription factor involved. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the intracellular sublocalization of the identified transcription factor, Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1). Finally, siRNA silencing of BMP4 was used to determine its effect on YAP1 activation and arecoline‐induced EMT.

Results

BMP4 is overexpressed in OSF and plays a role in EMT, as its expression correlates with the expression of E‐cadherin and vimentin. Arecoline induces BMP4 expression via the activation of YAP1 (through its nuclear translocation). Furthermore, the YAP1/BMP4 mechanism is the main molecular event in arecoline‐induced EMT, as knockdown of BMP4 expression affects expression of the EMT markers and inhibits extracellular matrix accumulation.

Conclusions

Arecoline induces EMT in OSF via the YAP1/BMP4 pathway. Thus, BMP4 could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OSF.
Blended Learning for Sexual Health Education: Evidence Base, Promising Practices, and Potential Challenges
Authors: Coyle Karin K. , Chambers Brittany D. , Anderson Pamela M. , Firpo‐Triplett Regina , Waterman Emily A.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Blended learning is a combination of online learning and face‐to‐face instruction, and is increasingly being used in K‐12 settings. A meta‐analysis conducted for the Department of Education suggests blended learning is more effective than either group‐based or online learning alone, particularly in K‐12 settings.

METHODS

This paper provides a narrative review of the literature from 2000 to 2017 on blended learning as it applies to sexual health education programs, and discusses outcomes, best practices and potential challenges of blended learning that may be important for practitioners and researchers considering this approach.

RESULTS

Blended learning approaches are being used successfully in sexual health education programs, including school‐based programs, and have yielded positive behavioral and psychosocial changes. Similar to traditional group‐based programs, not all outcomes tested in these programs showed positive impact. Designing blended learning programs can be challenging, but there is a large best‐practice literature that can inform practitioners interested in using it.

CONCLUSIONS

Blended learning approaches are viable for sexual health education and offer numerous advantages to group‐based only programs, such as confidential personalization and an instructional approach that is familiar and engaging for participants.
Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from aspirin, prednisone, or combination treatment in healthy research dogs: A double‐blind randomized trial
Authors: Whittemore Jacqueline C. , Mooney Allison P. , Price Joshua M. , Thomason John
Published: August 2019

Background

Dogs with immune‐mediated disease are often coadministered glucocorticoids and aspirin, but ulcerogenic effects of current protocols are unknown.

Objectives

To compare gastrointestinal changes among dogs administered aspirin, prednisone, and combination treatment.

Animals

Twenty‐four healthy research dogs.

Methods

Double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled randomized trial of dogs administered placebo, aspirin (2 mg/kg q24h), prednisone (2 mg/kg q24h), or combination treatment PO for 28 days. Clinical signs were recorded daily, with laboratory work performed at baseline and day 28. Gastrointestinal mucosal hemorrhages, erosions, and ulcers were numerated for endoscopic studies performed on days 0, 14, and 28; endoscopic mucosal lesion scores were calculated. Results were compared using mixed model repeated‐measures analyses of variance and generalized estimating equation proportional odds models.P< .05 was considered significant.

Results

Gastric mucosal lesion scores differed by treatment‐by‐time (F[6, 40] = 4.4,P = .002), treatment (F[3, 20] = 7.1,P= .002), and time (F[2, 40] = 18.9,P< .001). Post hoc analysis revealed increased scores in the aspirin (day 14 only), prednisone, and prednisone/aspirin groups during treatment. Ulcers were identified on 14 studies, representing 10 dogs. Dogs receiving prednisone and prednisone/aspirin had 11.1 times (95% CI, 1.7‐73.6) and 31.5 times (95% CI, 3.5‐288.0) higher odds, respectively, of having endoscopic mucosal lesion scores ≥4 than dogs receiving placebo (P≤ .01).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs commonly in dogs administered aspirin, prednisone, or prednisone/aspirin treatment, with higher lesion scores for dogs receiving combination treatment. Even severe lesions are not accompanied by clinical signs.