bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fintechs: inovação, redução dos custos de transação, eficiência e análise econômica do direito
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUCMG)., Lana Henrique Avelino , Cruz Lucas Vinicios ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUCMG).
Published: December 2020

From a legal and economic perspective of law, this article examines fintech companies, which are entrepreneurial entities, usually startups, that operate in the financial market. This paper’s overall objective is to demonstrate the interaction between these companies and the economic analysis of law. Its specific objective is to demonstrate the usefulness of fintech companies in reducing transaction costs for administrators, from the perspective of the Economic Analysis of Law. In this context, this paper tries to answer the following problem: how do fintech companies contribute to the reduction of transaction costs? Therefore, allowing for more efficient and faster financial operations and/or transactions. In order to answer this question, this research utilizes the methodology of applied research, with exploratory research, from a qualitative approach, with the inductive method, and bibliographic research specialized on the subject-matter.
Percepção do uso de aviamentos de vestuários: características estéticas, funcionais e estruturais
Authors: Marteli Leticia Nardoni , Neves Erica Pereira das , Menezes Marizilda Dos Santos , Paschoarelli Luis Carlos
Published: December 2020

Os aviamentos de fecho são dispositivos distintos que compõem uma peça de vestuário, auxiliam na união de partes da peça, na maleabilidade e na independência no vestir e desvestir. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a interação na relação usuário-produto quanto às características estéticas, funcionais e estruturais dos diferentes aviamentos, particularmente considerando a interação desses pelos usuários. Com caráter exploratório, a pesquisa levanta dados sobre a percepção de usabilidade de aviamentos através de conteúdo online com 99 mulheres brasileiras. Os resultados apontam que as participantes preferem o uso de aviamentos clássicos (botão de casa, zíper e elástico) apresentando maior frequência de uso, também apresentam avaliação insatisfatória, principalmente quanto às características estruturais; enquanto as demais tecnologias sofreram uma certa resistência ao uso.
Índice de progresso social e índice de transparência da moda: uma análise comparativa
Authors: Nishimura Maicon Douglas Livramento , Pandini Lunara Stollmeier , Van Bellen Hans Michael
Published: December 2020

Ao considerar que o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS) tenta entender a interação entre a economia, a sociedade e o ambiente físico da Terra, e que a indústria da moda tem intensificado suas preocupações com o tema, este artigo objetiva analisar a relação entre o Índice de Progresso Social (IPS) e o Índice de Transparência da Moda (ITM), relativos aos relatórios de 2018, embasado no DS. Portanto, trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e busca documental. Desse modo, observa-se que os dados e as metodologias dos dois índices possuem forte correlação e potencial desenvolvimento, sendo necessárias medidas institucionais e sociais a fim de estimular a transparência e o progresso social.
Design, saúde e integração social no enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19: case máscara de alta proteção AZUL-A98
Authors: Barbosa Thassiana De Almeida Miotto , Nogueira Danielly Negrão Guassú , Emídio Lucimar De Fátima Bilmaia , Preto Seila Cibele Sitta , Souza Patrícia De Mello , Nunes Valdirene Aparecida Vieira
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho discorre sobre o desenvolvimento de uma máscara cirúrgica de alta proteção, destinada aos profissionais do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, durante a Pandemia da Covid-19. Por meio da integração do conhecimento entre as áreas de design de moda e enfermagem, a pesquisa aplicada de abordagem qualitativa, utilizou o processo de design para desenvolver a máscara AZUL-A98, que contempla aspectos ergonômicos, funcionais, estéticos e de inovação, proporcionando alto grau de vedação, filtração e respirabilidade, para maior segurança dos usuários.
Contador de Argote: um dialetólogo/sociolinguista avant la lettre?
Authors: Menon Odete Pereira da Silva
Published: December 2020

RESUMO: Embora nossos primeiros gramáticos tenham reconhecido a existência de diferentes modos de falar a língua portuguesa, parece ser Contador d’Argote oprimeiro a empregar as palavras dialeto e gíria (para variedades do português) numa obra gramatical. Isso ocorreu na segunda impressão das suas Regras da lingua portugueza, à qual acrescentou informações em alguns dos capítulos da primeira impressão, necessárias “para a intelligencia dos Jdioti?mos da Lingua Portugueza”, e a quarta parte “para o en?ino mais polido, e para a gente nobre”. Essa parte consta de um diálogo, entre M(estre) e D(iscípulo), que se inicia com: “M. Que quer dizer Dialecto?”. Depois, passa a identificar as principais “ca?tas de dialectos”: Dialectoslocaes,detempo e de profi??ão. Mais que nomear, ele vai assinalando as diferenças que há entre eles, caracterizando-os, para finalizar a exposição falando do Dialecto ru?tico e dos Dialectos Ultramarinos. Nestes últimos (da India, Bra?il, &c), ressalta, há “muytos termos das linguas barbaras, e muytos vocabulos do Portuguez antigo”. E, fechando a “lição sociolinguística”, fala de hum genero de Dialecto, a que chamão Giria que, em Lisboa, os homens “a que chamão de ganhar ... u?ão algumas vezes entre ?i” e também de uma outra Giria, a dos “?iganos” ...
As religiões afrodescendentes no ensino de História: a série Mojubá, contribuindo para uma educação antirracista
Authors: Silva Caio Isidoro
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar um material didático-pedagógico que pode ser direcionado para professores, a série mojubá, voltada para uma abordagem positiva e não estereotipada das religiões afrodescendentes, buscando contribuir para uma possível implementação de uma educação antirracista por meio do ensino de história, colaborando assim com uma educação plural e o respeito à diversidade. Esse material pretende dar suporte aos educadores no processo de formação continuada, atendendo a demanda da Lei 10.639/03 no tocante ao tratamento das histórias e culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras, especificamente suas religiosidades. A formação da identidade brasileira contém inúmeros elementos africanos e afro-brasileiros, portanto, as religiões afrodescendentes também estão inseridas nesse contexto de valorização dos elementos associados às culturas negras.
Catálogo online em bibliotecas públicas municipais do estado do Paraná
Authors: Moraes Marcos Antonio de , Gasparini Zoraide Aparecida , Araújo Leda Maria
Published: December 2020

Introduão: No contexto das bibliotecas, sejam públicas ou de outros tipos, o catálogo sempre desempenhou importante papel nas tarefas de localizar, descrever e inventariar os conteúdos informacionais. Atualmente, com as amplas possibilidades de uso dos Online Public Access Catalogs, ou simplesmente OPACs, as bibliotecas podem utilizar essa ferramenta, não mais somente para recuperar, descrever ou inventariar os acervos, mas também como importante canal de divulgação e de comunicação com usuários reais e potenciais das bibliotecas. Entretanto, o contexto das bibliotecas públicas brasileiras impõe barreiras à adoção dos OPACs, visto que os custos de compra e manutenção de softwares voltados para essa finalidade não são considerados como prioritários para muitas dessas instituições. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a situação das bibliotecas públicas municipais das maiores cidades do estado do Paraná, no que se refere a adoção ou não dos OPACs, observando ainda, quando o caso, quais softwares e funcionalidades existentes nos OPACs. Metodologia: Levando-se em consideração os objetivos propostos para esse trabalho, trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória com abordagem tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa. Resultados: Percebeu-se que metade das 20 cidades pesquisadas, ou seja, 10 cidades mantêm OPACs, ao passo que em outras 10 cidades não foi percebida a existência dessa ferramenta. Conclusões: Destaca-se de maneira positiva, o esforço conjunto liderado pela Biblioteca Pública do Paraná, que é um órgão estadual, no que se refere a oportunizar que algumas cidades paranaenses possam utilizar o software Pergamun para prover acesso público online aos catálogos de suas bibliotecas. Da mesma maneira que Londrina, Araucária, Arapongas e Cambé, cujas bibliotecas públicas municipais utilizam diferentes softwares para administrar seus OPACs. Todavia, a ausência dos OPACs em bibliotecas públicas de 10 das maiores cidades do Paraná, dentre elas a capital Curitiba, indica que há muito que avançar no sentido de oportunizar o uso dessa importante ferramenta.
Santa Catarina: an analysis of industrial concentration between 2002 and 2015
Authors: Dias Guilherme Rolim , Júnior Aricieri Devidé
Published: December 2020

O objetivo principal deste artigo é fazer um estudo da indústria catarinense, analisando o nível de concentração do setor industrial através do índice de Gini Industrial, que mede o nível de concentração do setor. São Comparados os desempenhos entre as regiões do estado no período entre 2002 a 2015, buscando avaliar a existência de mudanças de participação na atividade industrial de uma região em relação à outra (intra-estadual). O modelo econométrico denominado diferenças em diferenças é utilizado, identificando condicionantes que possam comprometer no futuro o desenvolvimento econômico e sustentável das regiões do Estado de Santa Catarina. Os resultados revelam a queda da participação das regiões mais industrializadas e que apresentam a maior participação no PIB de Santa Catarina, Joinville e Blumenau. Adicionalmente, Florianópolis, Itajaí, Concórdia, Chapecó, Criciúma, Curitibanos elevaram suas participações.
Uma análise da eficiência dos gastos públicos hospitalares nas capitais brasileiras
Authors: Gerônimo-Santos Rogelio , Carvalho Marcos Augusto de , Nascimento Sidnei Pereira do
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi medir a eficiência dos gastos púbicos hospitalares em todas as capitais brasileiras no período de 1998 a 2016. Mais especificamente, auferiu-se a média dos Índices de Insumos, Índices de Bem-Estar Social e os Índices de Eficiência dos Gastos Públicos com saúde hospitalar nas capitais do Brasil, no período de 1998 a 2016. Após, mediu a influência do Pacto pela Saúde na evolução dos Índices de Eficiência dos Gastos Públicos com saúde hospitalar, a partir do município do Rio de Janeiro comparativamente com as demais capitais do país. Para a obtenção dos Índices fez-se necessário o uso de tratamento estatísticos denominados Escore Padronizado pelo Método da Função Distribuição Acumulada Normal. Para aferir os efeitos do Pacto pela Saúde nos Índices de Eficiência dos Gastos Públicos em saúde hospitalar, utilizou-se do modelo econométrico denominado de Diferenças em Diferenças com Ajustes de Poligonais. Os melhores desempenhos dos Índices de Eficiência dos Gastos Públicos com saúde hospitalar foram alcançados pelos municípios de Boa Vista, Macapá e Porto Velho. O município do Rio de Janeiro piorou a qualidade dos gastos públicos em saúde hospitalar comparado às demais capitais, após a implantação do Pacto pela Saúde, em 2006.
Dos Números aos Gráficos e Mapas - Oficinas de Tratamento da Informação Geográfica
Authors: Writzl Luana , Conceição Lisane Regina Vidal , Cardoso Eduardo Schiavone
Published: December 2020

Através de recursos didáticos variados é possível tornar as aulas de geografia mais atrativas para os alunos da educação básica. Quando os assuntos são poucos discutidos e vistos como uma barreira de aprendizagem pelos educandos, como é o caso da interpretação e construção de tabelas, gráficos e mapas, alternativas didáticas devem ser apresentadas. Este trabalho relata a aplicação de oficinas que possibilitaram um melhor desenvolvimento desses assuntos por parte dos educandos, bem como a construção de debates sobre os dados que foram trabalhados. Tais dados foram referentes à produção e ao consumo de soja e da carne em nível brasileiro e global. As oficinas foram realizadas com turmas do segundo e terceiro ano do ensino médio e contribuíram com aulas menos tradicionais. Possibilitaram uma visão para as perspectivas futuras, de que haja maior abundância de atividades relacionadas ao tratamento e interpretação de dados nas aulas de geografia, visto as dificuldades dos alunos frente a isso.
Kroniek Telecommunicatie
Authors: van Duijvenvoorde G.P.
Published: December 2020

Kroniek Telecommunicatie

De beschikbaarheid van vaste en mobiele netwerken met zeer hoge capaciteit, zoals glasvezelnetwerken en 5G-netwerken, is cruciaal in de digitale economie. De Richtlijn van 11 december 2018 tot vaststelling van het Europees wetboek voor elektronische communicatie (‘de Telecomcode’) heeft als doelstelling om bij te dragen aan de ontwikkeling van hoogwaardige netwerken. Deze connectiviteitsdoelstelling staat naast de reeds bestaande doelstellingen op het gebied van mededinging, interne markt en de bescherming van eindgebruikers. Deze bijdrage beschrijft allereerst de maatregelen, veelal soft law, die ter invulling van de connectiviteitsdoelstelling in de twee jaar na de vaststelling van de Telecomcode op Europees niveau zijn genomen, zoals Berec-richtsnoeren met een verduidelijking van nieuwe begrippen en instrumenten in de Telecomcode en een Aanbeveling van de Commissie voor een toolbox om de kosten van aanleg van nieuwe netwerken te verlagen. Daarna komt de gedeeltelijke implementatie in de Nederlandse Telecommunicatiewet aan de orde. Vervolgens passeert de jurisprudentie de revue, waarin een uitleg van de reikwijdte en de inhoud van het kader voorafgaand aan de Telecomcode, en van de Netneutraliteitsrverordening wordt gegeven. Daarbij wordt, waar relevant, ook benoemd hoe de uitleg zicht verhoudt tot de Telecomcode en de Nederlandse implementatie.
New TB drugs for the treatment of children and adolescents with rifampicin-resistant TB in Mumbai, India
Authors: Das M. , Mamnoon F. , Mansoor H. , Meneguim A. C. , Singh P. , Shah I. , Ravi S. , Kalon S. , Hossain F. N. , Ferlazzo G. , Isaakidis P. , Furin J. , Acharya S. , Thakur H. P.
Published: December 2020

SETTING: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) clinic in Mumbai, India.OBJECTIVE: To determine the final treatment outcomes, culture conversion and adverse events (AEs) during treatment among children and adolescents (0–19 years) with rifampicin-resistant
tuberculosis (RR-TB) who received ambulatory injectable-free treatment, including bedaquiline (BDQ) and/or delamanid (DLM) during September 2014–January 2020.DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study based on review of routinely collected programme data.RESULTS:
Twenty-four patients were included; the median age was 15.5 years (min-max 3–19) and 15 (63%) were females. None were HIV-coinfected. All had fluoroquinolone resistance. Twelve received treatment, including BDQ and DLM, 11 received DLM and one BDQ. The median exposure to BDQ (n
= 13) and DLM (n = 23) was 82 (IQR 80–93) and 82 (IQR 77–96) weeks, respectively. Seventeen (94%) patients with positive culture at baseline (n = 18) had negative culture during treatment; median time for culture-conversion was 7 weeks (IQR 5–11). Twenty-three
(96%) had successful treatment outcomes: cured (n = 16) or completed treatment (n = 7); one died. Eleven (46%) had 17 episodes of AEs. Two of 12 serious AEs were associated with new drugs (QTcF >500 ms).CONCLUSION: Based on one of the largest global cohorts of children
and adolescents to receive new TB drugs, this study has shown that injectable-free regimens containing BDQ and/or DLM on ambulatory basis were effective and well-tolerated among children and adolescents and should be made routinely accessible to these vulnerable groups.
Czerwień zasadowa 9
Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Authors: Kilanowicz Anna , Skrzypińska-Gawrysik Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

Czerwień zasadowa 9 to barwnik używany głównie do barwienia preparatów histologicznych (podstawowy składnik odczynnika Schiffa). Związek ten znajduje się na 25. miejscu Top 50 substancji rakotwórczych na podstawie liczby pracowników narażonych w Polsce, a z danych Centralnego Rejestru o Narażeniu na Substancje, Mieszaniny, Czynniki lub Procesy Technologiczne o Działaniu Rakotwórczym lub Mutagennym wynika, że w 2018 r. narażonych na ten związek było 645 osób (głównie pracowników laboratoriów chemicznych oraz medycznych). W warunkach ekspozycji zawodowej główną drogą narażenia na tę substancję jest układ oddechowy. Za podstawę wyznaczenia wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) uznano wartość współczynnika nachylenia krzywej dawka–odpowiedź (SF) wyprowadzonego z dwuletnich badań rakotwórczości (narażenie po podaniu substancji z paszą, nowotwory wątroby) na samicach myszy. Przy założonym ryzyku dodatkowego nowotworu 10-4 i uwzględnieniu 40-letniego narażenia zawodowego na ten związek drogą inhalacyjną zaproponowano przyjęcie stężenia 0,02 mg/m3 jako wartości NDS dla czerwieni zasadowej 9. Brak jest natomiast podstaw merytorycznych do ustalenia wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) oraz dopuszczalnego stężenia w materiale biologicznym (DSB). Ze względu na brak danych dotyczących wchłaniania czerwieni zasadowej 9 drogą dermalną nie ma również podstaw do oznakowania tej substancji symbolem „skóra”. Natomiast z uwagi na przypuszczalne działanie rakotwórcze na człowieka zaproponowano oznakowanie tej substancji symbolem „Carc. 1B”. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
Furan. Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Authors: Skowroń Jolanta , Konieczko Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Furan jest stosowany w syntezie organicznej, przy produkcji lakierów, leków, stabilizatorów, zamienników detergentów, środków chemicznych stosowanych w rolnictwie, laminatów odpornych na temperaturę, jako rozpuszczalnik żywic i odczynnik w laboratoriach. Furan jest zaklasyfikowany do substancji rakotwórczych kategorii zagrożenia 1B. W latach 2005-2017 wzrastała liczba zakładów pracy zgłaszających furan do Centralnego Rejestru Danych o Narażeniu na Substancje, Czynniki i Procesy Technologiczne o Działaniu Rakotwórczym lub Mutagennym w Środowisku Pracy. W 2017 r. 9 zakładów zgłosiło 183 narażonych pracowników. Dotychczas w Polsce nie ustalono wartości NDS dla furanu. W warunkach narażenia zawodowego furan wchłania się do organizmu drogą inhalacyjną i dermalną. Jako skutek krytyczny narażenia na furan przyjęto działanie hepatotoksyczne. Wartość NDS na poziomie 0,05 mg/m3 powinna zabezpieczyć pracowników również przed działaniem rakotwórczym. Dodatkowe ryzyko białaczki u osób zatrudnionych przez 40 lat na furan o stężeniu 0,05 mg/m3 jest poniżej 10-3 i nie przekracza wartości ryzyka akceptowalnego w środowisku pracy. Ze względu na działanie drażniące furanu ustalono wartość chwilową NDSCh na poziomie 0,1 mg/m3. Substancja powinna być oznakowana: „Carc. 1B” (substancja rakotwórcza kategorii zagrożenia 1B), „I” (substancja o działaniu drażniącym) oraz „skóra” (wchłanianie substancji przez skórę może być tak samo istotne, jak przy narażeniu drogą oddechową). Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
GROUND REACTION FORCES OF COMMONLY USED VOLLEYBALL BLOCKING APPROACHES
Authors: Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Fry Andrew , Cabarkapa Damjana , Rogers Arden , Mosier Eric
Published: December 2020

Aim: The purpose of this study was to quantify ground reaction forces for some of the most commonly utilised volleyball blocking approaches and to examine their kinetic and kinematic characteristics.
Basic procedures: The study was comprised of 18 healthy recreationally active women who volunteered to participate. Immediately after completion of the warm-up protocol, subjects performed 5 blocking approaches: stationary blocking approach (SBA), shuffle block to the right (SHBR), shuffle block to the left (SHBL), swing block to the right (SWBR) and swing block to the left (SWBL). In order to allow adequate recovery, each trial was randomly assigned and separated by a 1-2 minute rest interval. A uni-axial force plate with data acquisition system sampling at 1000 Hz was used to measure ground reaction forces.
Main findings: SWBR and SWBL unveiled the greatest peak concentric force and rate of force development when compared to SBA, while no difference was observed when compared to SHBR and SHBL.
Results: No significant differences were observed in peak landing force, impulse, and vertical jump height between any of the blocking approaches examined in this study.
Conclusions: Knowing biomechanical characteristics of some of the most commonly utilised volleyball blocking approaches may help athletes to appropriately respond and quickly adjust to the opponent’s attacking position. Kinetic and kinematic variables are likely to be augmented with an advanced level of competition and can be trained and improved by properly designed and implemented strength and conditioning programmes.
Lepidopterans as model organisms in studies of insect immunity: a review
Authors: Ilchev Takov Danail , Ivanov Tchorbanov Andrey , Kirilova Pilarska Daniela , Vladislavov Ostoich Peter
Published: December 2020

Lepidoptera are one of the largest order among insects. Their role and importance for ecosystems is essential, especially in forestry and agricultural communities. Among the butterflies there are a large number of representatives, whose larvae are typically phyllophagous and play a significant role in the defoliation of a number of deciduous tree species. Many of them are storage pests or pests of fruit trees and crops. With an increasing demand and use of biological control approaches, such as applying entomopathogens, the question of immune mechanisms in these insects and their contribution to the study of insect immunity have become very significant. This review presents a summary including more than 40 lepidopteran species, which have been the subject of studies related to basic defense mechanisms, namely, the presence of antimicrobial peptides, hemocytes, immune and antiviral responses and signaling pathways.
THE INFLUENCE OF ION IMPLANTATION ON THE PROPERTIES
OF Ti6Al4V TITANIUM ALLOY IN BIOTRIBOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Ozimina Dariusz , Piotrowska Katarzyna , Madej Monika , Granek Arkadiusz
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the assessment of the geometrical structure of the surface as well as the mechanical and
tribological properties of the surface layers obtained in the process of ion implantation. The titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
used in biotribological systems was implanted with nitrogen and argon ions. Investigations of the geometrical
structure of the surface before and after the tribological tests were carried out using confocal microscopy.
The hardness of the tested materials was determined by the instrumental indentation method using a Vickers indenter.
A nanotribometer was used for tribological tests. The tests were carried out in a reciprocating motion under
conditions of technically dry friction and friction with the lubrication of Ringer's solution. SEM scanning
microscopy was used to determine the width of the wear pattern and the wear mechanism. The conducted
research showed that the hardness of the tested materials increased as a result of ion implantation. The
tribological tests showed that the use of ion implantation improves the tribological properties, and the
dominant wear mechanism was abrasive wear.
Kommentarer til Håkon Glørstads debattartikkel
Authors: Falck Tori
Published: December 2020

Kommentarer til Håkon Glørstads debattartikkel
Health-Related Concepts and Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Raguž Marija , Jukić Marijana , Roguljić Hrvoje
Published: December 2020

Human behavior is governed by concepts. Concepts are cognitive representations of reality. Cognitive linguistics suggests that there are cognitive models affecting the formation of concepts in human mind, such as cognitive metaphor and a prototype model. We used the example of an ancient procedure – trepanation in order to show the connection between the procedure and the concept of the skull as a container, which is a metaphor. Most important concepts in medical systems are health and disease. There is no agreement about their exact definition, although there have been many studies focusing on that. Based on the previous research, we suggest possible benefits from approaching the disease as a prototype category. In all studies so far there have always been consistencies in rating entities qualifying as a disease which is a feature of a prototype category – membership gradience. Entities perceived as diseases by respondents in studies so far have not been the same, but they share certain features. It is more likely for an entity to be considered a disease if it can lead to death, for example. In our opinion there are common core features determining disease as a cognitive category. Further cross-cultural studies could answer what features an entity needs to have in order to be considered a disease.Stressing such features could improve patients’cooperation when a new disease appears.
Salaries in Forensic Anthropology and Academic Anthropology
Authors: Passalacqua Nicholas , Chu Elaine , Pilloud Marin
Published: December 2020

This project examined the salaries of forensic anthropologists in the United States. Additionally, the salaries of forensic anthropologists employed in academia were compared to those of other academic anthropologists. The goal of this project was to develop baseline data in terms of salaries for forensic anthropologists while also examining various factors that may affect forensic anthropology salaries. Salary information is important because salary transparency narrows wage disparities, reduces favoritism and discrimination, increases the bargaining power of employees, and potentially causes employers to focus more on salary differentiation in terms of productivity and seniority; essentially, wage transparency generates greater equity among employees (Estlund 2014).

In order to examine salaries in forensic anthropology, internet search engines were used to find open-access salary data for individuals currently listed as non-student members of the anthropology section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and/or the American Board of Forensic Anthropology. All variables were analyzed using random forest models.

Results found that in all models, there were no differences in salary between men and women. Further, no significant differences were found between anthropology subfields in academia. Importantly, years since terminal degree was the most important variable affecting salary in all models, with academic rank being the most important variable for individuals employed in the academic sector. Further, these results demonstrate inconsistencies in pay for forensic anthropologists, especially for those working in the applied sector.
Higher –Order Questioning in SL classrooms –a study
Authors: Anil Beena
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigher order questioning (HOQ) benefits first language and second language learners in various ways.  Various studies prove that asking students higher order questions open many learning avenues.  Higher-order questioning (HOQ) influences the question types like test scores, amounts of language production for understanding the language abilities of students etc.,   This study examined:The HOQ patterns of a  college teacherThe teacher’s  foundation for this patternLearners perceptions of answering  HOQ The study comprised nearly 400 questions, teachers and students’ interviews.  Students’ survey showed that HOQ may be effective by general theories of learning than by perceptions of learners’ abilities.Keywords: Higher-order questioning, perceptions, practice
PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH PHONOTACTICS: A CASE STUDY OF ARAB LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Al-Saidat Emad M
Published: December 2020

This study is meant to phonologically analyze the English phonotactics in the English of Arab learners of English as a foreign language to determine the types of pronunciation difficulties they encounter. More specifically, it investigates the types of declusterization processes found in their interlanguage and the sources of such processes. The results of this study demonstrate that Arab learners of English unintentionally insert an anaptyctic vowel in the onset as well as in the coda of certain English syllables. Results also show that the major reason for declusterization processes is the mother tongue influence. In order to overcome such difficulties, this paper suggests a new approach for teaching and learning L2 syllable structure system.
Preventive Powers of Police in Namibia – A Rights-Based Approach
Authors: Arzt Clemens
Published: December 2020

Namibia gained independence and ended the rule of apartheid only in 1990. It is often lauded as a model of human rights-based countries in Africa. Immediately after independence, the country introduced a distinctly rights-based Constitution with a broad Bill of Rights and also promptly laid the base for a modern police by enacting the Police Act of 1990. In that framework the Namibian Police are endowed with a broad set of ‘police powers’, i.e. means or measures of the police like questioning, arrest, search and seizure etc. ‘Preventive’ powers as a legally distinctive feature refers to law and order policing and prevention of crime, both clearly to be distinguished from investigation of criminal offences. Standards of human and fundamental rights protection developed under criminal procedure law are not directly applicable when it comes to the broad field of “preventive” powers of police. Subsequently these powers often lack a clear cut notional and legal concept, resulting in a deficit of predictability and delimitations despite of a rights based approach in the Constitution and the Police Act in general.
Nurturing Responsible Future Generation of Scientists: Focus on Maintaining International Health Security Competency
Authors: Naroeni Aroem , Bela Budiman
Published: December 2020

Rapid progress of technologies does not only exclusively belong to developed countries nowadays but also spread out to developing countries including Indonesia. There are many Indonesian universities and emerging translational medicine centers that had declared themselves as research centers focusing on to bring science from bench to bedside. Since the outbreak of 2007 Avian Influenza, Indonesia had been starting to accumulate more knowledge and experiences related to biosafety and biosecurity. While Indonesian researchers were focusing on biorisk management of high pathogenic bioagents, students were also being exposed gradually to more sophisticated biological hazards through the utilization of synthetic biology and genetic modifications on their own researches. Nurturing the responsible future generation of scientist whom aware of the ethical, biosafety, biosecurity concerns cannot become more important, considering the possibility of dual use research results, which could bring either prosperity or chaos to the universe.
The Relationship between Economic Uncertainty and Firms’ Balance Sheet Strength
Authors: Selman Çolak Mehmet , Ethem Güney İbrahim , Selim Hacıhasanoğlu Yavuz
Published: December 2020

This chapter aims to elaborate on the relationship between economic uncertainty and balance sheet strength of nonfinancial firms in Turkish economy. In order to effectively measure the balance sheet strength, we make use of a multivariate indicator, namely, the Multivariate Firm Assessment Score (MFA Score), which is a composite index to gauge the credit risk of nonfinancial firms quoted in Borsa İstanbul. MFA scores are compared with some uncertainty indicators for the period of 2005–2019. Our results suggest that when the uncertainties in global or Turkish economy are high, we observe a significant causal relationship from uncertainty indicators to firms’ balance sheet strength. More specifically, economic uncertainties negatively affect firms’ balance sheet performance in such an environment. Moreover, different types of uncertainties such as trade policy uncertainty and consumer perceptions about the economy are found to have differential impacts on exporter and non-exporter firms.
Manta Ray Tourism
Authors: Sari Hani Maulita
Published: December 2020

Manta rays are flagship species for marine conservation because of a number of threats including anthropogenic, overfishing, plastics (microplastics), over tourism, commercial trade (gills for medicine), and chaotic shipping lines where they often injured or killed. Because of these reasons, manta ray face risk of extinction and listed on the Red List of IUCN. A number of studies present the value of this fish estimated millions of dollars per year from tourism which show much greater valuable alive than dead. Responsible manta ray tourism encourages stakeholders to protect the species by generating incentives from tourism while develop conservations initiatives to protect the species. Desk study on current literatures were reviewed to identify the role of stakeholders in supporting the sustainable management of manta ray tourism. This chapter explored the operations of manta ray tourism in Indonesia as the study areas. In summary, to reach the positive contributions from manta ray tourism, there is an important role of co-management between stakeholders to ensure the sustainable operations and conservation of the ecology, economy, and socio-culture.
Role of Bearings in New Generation Automotive Vehicles: Powertrain
Authors: Khaire Maruti
Published: December 2020

Modern Automobile powertrain’s technology is transforming to enable “connected, autonomous, shared and electric” (CASE). Modern automobiles are targeting to achieve the maximum vehicle uptime, utilization, and better total cost of ownership (TCO). Bearing is a vital component (sub-system) to achieve modern automobile’s performance targets. Bearings plays important role of performance enhancement of all the rotating parts in systems by carrying the load and facilitating transfer of torque. Bearings achieve its performance via correct selection of materials, manufacturing technologies, design optimized geometries, sealing, lubrication in addition to application specific features. In modern automobile passenger comfort is key consideration and role of bearing is critical to achieve lower system noise. This chapter focuses on building awareness of the bearing technical requirements for different aggregates and means to achieve the requirements for modern automobiles. Summary of 11,300 patent’s titles and customer voice analysis suggest the bearing development focus areas direction which are covered in this chapter. This chapter also introduces bearing technology research focus areas like reliability improvement, power-dense solutions, integrated functions, friction optimization, sealing/lubrication solutions, adoption of sensors, and also special application-specific eMotors bearings. Modern electronic technologies integrated with bearings are performing the critical role of powertrain health monitoring in the vehicle. However, bearings are having furthermore potential to contribute and enhance the performance of modern automobiles in near future.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: Teneva Tsvetelina , Zlatarov Aleksandar , Grigorov Rozen
Published: December 2020

In a chapter about rectal cancer there is content about rectal anatomy in relation to magnet-resonanse imaging and TME- surgery (total mesorectal excision). Secondly there is content about imaging methods used in diagnosis and follow-up of rectal cancer. Very important topic is concerning the novel imaging strategies in surgical and radiotherapy planning in the era of individual oncologic approach to the patient. At last there is detailed desctiption and metaanalysis of imaging strategies concerning neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal cancer patients. All imaging markers correspond to substantial oncologic parameters such as survival rates. The connecting bridge is magnet-resonance imaging.
Introduction to Intelligent Quality Management
Authors: Oztemel Ercan
Published: December 2020

Intelligent manufacturing is becoming more and more attractive for industrial societies especially after the introduction of industry 4.0 where most of industrial operations are to be carried by robots equipped with intelligent capabilities. This explicitly implies that the manufacturing systems will entirely be integrated and all manufacturing functions including quality control and management will have to be made as much intelligent as possible in operating with minimum human intervention. This Chapter will present a brief overview of some implications about intelligent quality systems. It intends to provide the readers of the book to understand how the concept of artificial intelligence is to be embedded into quality functions. It is known that the interoperability is the rapid transformation requirement of industry specific operations. This requires the integration of quality functions to other manufacturing functions for sharing the quality related knowledge with other manufacturing functions in order to sustain total intelligent collaboration. Achieving this, on the other hand, ensures the improvement of manufacturing processes for better performance in an integrated manner. Note that, although some general information about intelligent manufacturing systems are given, this chapter is particularly focused on discussing intelligent quality related issues.
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder in a Patient with Parkinson’s Disease and Psychotic Features: A Case Report
Authors: Ghoreishi Seyed Abolfazl , As'adi Hoda
Published: December 2020

: The conversion disorder (CD) or functional neurological symptom disorder is a diagnostic category used in some psychiatric classification systems, which often refers to the patients presenting with neurological symptoms. Parkinson’s disease (PD) essentially affects non-motor and motor functions. The chronic use of levodopa, which is the primary treatment in this regard, has been reported to cause complications such as the wearing-off phenomenon. This problem may also increase the disease symptoms, as well as the patients’ need to receive higher doses of the drug to remain symptom-free for a longer period. This case study aimed to describe a 47-year-old male patient with PD and psychotic features, the symptoms of which had progressed in a conversional setup relating to particular visitation times. According to the examinations, CD was the main problem, which simulated the features of PD.
Architecture et pédagogie en France: 1970, une révolution avortée
Authors: Chatelet Anne-Marie
Published: December 2020

According to historian Antoine Prost, education in France is marked by two periods of profound reform. The first (1880-1902) occurred during the Third Republic and the second (1960-1985) was set in motion under de Gaulle. From an architectural point of view, the former gave rise to the Jules Ferry school, while the latter sought to introduce the English open-space school model into France. Taking the example of the École Saint-Merri, built in Paris between 1971 and 1973, this article examines the impact of this second reform from an architectural point of view.
El cuidado informal en tiempos de crisis. Análisis desde la perspectiva enfermera
Authors: Cantillo Monjo Manoli , Lleopart Coll Teresa , Ezquerra Samper Sandra
Published: December 2020

Objetivos: Cuantificar y caracterizar la producción científica enfermera sobre cuidados informales del período 2007-2016, observar la evolución de la temática durante estos años, adquirir una perspectiva actual sobre el estado de la cuestión y realizar propuestas sobre futuras líneas de investigación e intervención.Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica llevada a cabo mediante dos estrategias: una cuantitativa, y una segunda estrategia cualitativa. Resultados: El tipo de artículo más publicado es el estudio original cuantitativo, aunque se detecta un crecimiento de las publicaciones con enfoque cualitativo. Los temas más tratados son el perfil de la persona cuidadora, los impactos de la atención en su salud y en otros aspectos de su vida cotidiana, las propuestas de intervenciones profesionales para promover el cuidado personal y para evitar la sobrecarga de las personas cuidadoras y, por último, el uso de herramientas de evaluación para la planificación de la atención a las mismas.Conclusiones: Las publicaciones enfermeras identifican con acierto la centralidad del cuidado informal y el giro asistencial hacia el domicilio y la familia. No problematizan, sin embargo, el actual trasvase de responsabilidades hacia el cuidado desde las administraciones públicas hacia el ámbito familiar, ni analizan en profundidad las desigualdades socioeconómicas y de género reinantes en el actual escenario de cuidados. El abordaje a estos dos elementos puede contribuir a abrir nuevas líneas de investigación e intervención en el campo de la enfermería.

Goals: To quantify and characterize the scientific production in nursing on informal care from 2007 to 2016, to observe the evolution of the theme during this period, to acquire a current perspective on the state of the arts, and to suggest future directions of both research and professional practice. Methods: Bibliographical review undertaken through two strategies: a quantitative strategy and a qualitative one. Results: The most frequent type of published article is quantitative although there is an increase of qualitative publications. Among the most frequent themes are: the study of the caregiver’s profile, as well as the impacts of care on their health and on their everyday life; practical professional recommendations to promote care and self-care and to prevent caregivers’ overload; and, finally, the use of assessment tools for planning attention of caregivers. Conclusions: While nursing publications rightly identify the centrality of the family and the household in the new care scenario, they do not problematize the current transfer of responsibility for care from public administrations toward the realm of the family. Neither do they problematize the social, economic, and gender inequalities that take place in the context of care. To approach these two themes can contribute to create new research and professional lines in nursing.
señorío medieval a la jurisdicción señorial en Galicia: transformaciones y cambios entre los siglos XIV y XVI
Authors: POUSA DIÉGUEZ Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

El territorio gallego es desde sus orígenes medievales un espacio fuertemente señorializado. No obstante, y pese al carácter feudal de estas estructuras, los señoríos gallegos no constituyeron una realidad feudal en sí misma, tampoco homogénea, ni menos estática, sino que experimentaron numerosos cambios durante la Baja Edad Media hasta configurarse como los señoríos jurisdiccionales que llegan a la Edad Moderna. El presente artículo intenta ofrecer una visión global caracterizadora de estos señoríos, sus orígenes, evolución y transformación en las jurisdicciones de la Galicia Moderna. Para ello se recurre al análisis comparativo de un buen número de señoríos laicos y eclesiásticos y la documentación generada por ellos a través de los siglos.

Galician Kingdom was since its origins in the Middle Ages a feudal territory consisting of multiple manors. However, despite their feudal nature, Galician manors did not correspond to a uniform, homogeneous or static reality, but undergone important changes along the Late Middle Ages, until turning into modern jurisdictional manors. This article aims to offer an overall picture of the main characteristics of these manors, their origins and evolution. To this end, we draw on the comparative analysis of several examples of secular and ecclesiastical manors and the documentation generated by these manors.
La diète cétogène : bénéfique pour la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique ?
Authors: Sophasath Manila , Mukaneza Yvette , Huard Geneviève , Bémeur Chantal
Published: December 2020

La diète cétogène, une diète riche en matières grasses et faible en glucides,
originalement développée pour le traitement de l’épilepsie, est de plus en plus considérée
pour le traitement de la stéatose hépatique non-alcoolique (SHNA), la maladie chronique du
foie la plus prévalente dans les pays développés. Des études animales et humaines ont été
menées afin d’élucider l’effet de la diète cétogène sur la perte de poids et la SHNA.
Toutefois, la plupart des études sont limitées par leur petite taille d’échantillon et leur
courte durée en plus du fait que plusieurs sont observationnelles empêchant ainsi d’établir
un lien de causalité. Ainsi, la controverse demeure quant à un effet bénéfique potentiel de
la diète cétogène sur les facteurs de risque cardiométaboliques et la SHNA indiquant un
besoin d’études supplémentaires. À date, aucun consensus n’a été établi. Dans ce contexte,
une intervention au niveau des habitudes de vie, incluant l’alimentation, de type
méditerranéen, et l’exercice physique, tout en considérant l’image corporelle, semble être
la stratégie de choix. Une perte de poids de 7-10% est la première ligne de traitement pour
les gens souffrant de SHNA. Les diététistes professionnels sont essentiels et les mieux
placés pour l’éducation et le traitement des patients atteints de SHNA.
Le « parent hélicoptère » et le paradoxe de la parentalité intensive au XXIe siècle
Authors: Lee Ellie , Macvarish Jan
Published: December 2020

Le terme « parent hélicoptère » est aujourd’hui très présent dans les discours public et professionnel sur l’éducation des enfants, ainsi que dans la culture de façon plus générale, particulièrement en Amérique du Nord et au Royaume-Uni. Un petit nombre de travaux sociologiques ont mis en évidence le caractère paradoxal de ce phénomène, qui réside dans une inquiétude souvent exagérée envers l’investissement « excessif » de ces parents dits « hélicoptères » auprès de leurs enfants, au sein même d’une culture de la parentalité intensive. Cet article développe ces travaux de deux manières. Nous resituons d’abord l’utilisation désormais omniprésente du terme « parent hélicoptère » et les qualificatifs qui y sont associés en examinant ses antécédents discursifs dans la terminologie du XXe siècle — comme l’overparenting (surparentalité), le smothering (parent poule ou parent qui couve) ou le coddling (dorlotement) — et en soulignant leur coexistence avec les récits de « mauvaises mères », considérées comme distantes et non impliquées. Ensuite, en analysant l’utilisation du terme helicopter parent faite dans les médias britanniques depuis la fin du XXe siècle, nous analysons comment se construisent les préoccupations actuelles concernant le surinvestissement des parents dans l’éducation de leurs enfants. Nous avons observé que les thèmes les plus récurrents de la couverture médiatique concernaient l’amour parental qui a mal tourné (gone wrong), la pression parentale (parental pushiness), ainsi que la classe sociale du parent hélicoptère. Notre analyse suggère que l’expression « parent hélicoptère » peut être mieux comprise comme un aspect du langage vernaculaire du XXIe siècle qui exprime une certaine aversion envers les résultats perçus d’une parentalité intensive, mais qui laisse intactes les prémisses concernant la responsabilité parentale en matière de pathologies individuelles et sociales. Nous concluons que, pour les sociologues, une caractéristique importante du parent hélicoptère est qu’il est généralement perçu comme un parent « à problèmes » issu de la classe moyenne, et nous suggérons que cette construction de l’origine sociale des défaillances parentales est une question importante à prendre en considération à l’avenir dans les études sur la culture de la parentalité.