bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropathology of patients with preclinical or early clinical Alzheimer's disease with pathogenic PSEN1_p. L392V: Comparison of advanced siblings
Authors: Hata Yukiko , Nakase Mio , Ichimata Shojiro , Yoshida Koji , Nishida Naoki
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

Neuropathological investigation of presymptomatic or early symptomatic presenilin‐1 (PSEN1) mutation carriers in familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) is extremely scarce.

METHODS

We report the autopsy findings of brothers with familial AD. Case 1 is a 45‐year‐old man without obvious cognitive impairment, who committed suicide. Case 2 is a 57‐year‐old older brother of Case 1 with advanced AD symptoms, who died of hypothermia during wondering.

RESULTS

In both cases, abundant amyloid plaques positive for amyloid β (Aβ) were found throughout the brain. Progression of neuronal loss and increasing amount and extension of neurofibrillary tangle pathology were evident in Case 2. Genetic investigation revealed a PSEN1_p. L392V mutation in both cases.

DISCUSSION

The present study shows a possible neuropathological boundary between symptomatic and preclinical AD with pathogenic PSEN1 mutation. Additional clinicopathological investigation for familial AD‐related mutation carriers may be significant to explore the association between familial AD and suicide.
Design and development of graphene oxide/shape memory nanocomposite based on hexamethylene diisocyanate mixing segment
Authors: Mohanty Jayashree , Garg Hema , Gupta Priyanka , Kumar Bipin , Tripathi Bijay P. , Alagirusamy R.
Published: January 2024

Shape memory polymers are remarkable materials renowned for their distinctive ability to fix and recover their original shape in response to specific stimuli. However, the lower shape fixity (SF) of conventional thermally triggered shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) has limited its broad application potential. This study investigates the transformative influence of graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers when incorporated into a linear diisocyanate‐based mixing segment SMPU (SMPU‐GO). The lower SF issue of SMPU is ingeniously addressed by leveraging the interactive properties of GO with the 4,4′‐methylene bis‐phenyl diisocyanate hard segment and the introduction of additional physical cross‐links via hexamethylene diisocyanate mixing segment. At 1 wt.% GO incorporation, the modulus increased by 178%, an 8% increase in tensile strength, while the elasticity was maintained. Excellent improvement in SF and shape recovery (SR) was attained at 1 wt.% GO incorporated SMPU, and the SMPU nanocomposite showed the highest SF (65%) and SR (100%) at 70°C temperature and 50% strain.
Preparation of superhydrophobic conductive micro/nano‐graphite/PDMS films on paper by simple spraying method
Authors: He Qiang , Du Zhicai , Jia Yangyang , Liu Yujie , Xu Zehua , Xu Yuan , Li Anling
Published: January 2024

Paper‐based materials are widely used in various fields due to their advantages, such as environmental friendliness and sustainability. However, the highly hydrophilic nature of the cellulose that makes up paper‐based materials limits their use. In this paper, micron/nano‐graphite/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings with excellent superhydrophobic and conductive properties were prepared on the surface of filter paper by a simple spraying method. A mixture of micro‐graphite and nano‐graphite was used to form a multistage rough structure on the surface of the filter paper by spraying, and the low surface energy PDMS enhanced the adhesion of the micro‐graphite and nano‐graphite on the surface of the filter paper. The results showed that the samples possessed the best superhydrophobic properties when the ratio of micro‐graphite to nano‐graphite was 1:1, at which time the contact and rolling angles of the samples were 165.4° and 3.2°, respectively. The prepared superhydrophobic samples have good bounce and self‐cleaning properties, while the samples have good mechanical stability and chemical resistance. Additionally, due to the conductivity of micro–nano‐graphite, both particle sizes closely contact the sample surface, creating a conductive network. With a 1:1 ratio of micro‐ and nano‐graphite, the coating exhibits minimal resistance at 1.89 KΩ, and the sample maintains stable conductivity even underwater. The above properties greatly extend the application range of paper‐based superhydrophobic materials.
Mechanically robust and highly electrochemical performance of polyethylene oxide gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: Jin Bihui , Zhao Yunyang , Ye Dezhan , Jiang Xiancai , Ye Xianke , Li Chen
Published: January 2024

Synthesizing high‐performance of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with simple methods and common materials has long been a crucial concern for lithium‐ion batteries. Here, the poor mechanical properties of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based GPEs were overcome by introducing strong hydrogen bond between PEO and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Easy‐available PEO/PAA membranes were prepared though hot processing approach without use of organic solvent during all processes. The mechanical properties and crystalline of dry composites could be tuned by the addition content of PAA. After quick absorbing electrolyte in 30 min, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the GPEs composites are ranged from 0.07 to 0.63 MPa, and 525% to 722%. Moreover, the lithium‐ion conductivity and transference number with 30 wt% addition of PAA reach up to 1.66 and 0.58 mS/cm, respectively. After 500 cycling at 0.5 C, the discharge specific capacity and the capacity retention rate are still up to 134.1 mAh/g and 88.7%, respectively. This research proves the great possibility of applying environmentally friendly method, low cost, and high electrochemical performances of PEO/PAA based GPEs in the lithium batteries.
Benzothiazole‐based apoptosis inducers: A comprehensive overview and future prospective
Authors: Kamboj Payal , Mahore Anjali , Husain Asif , Amir Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Cancer has become a major concern in healthcare globally, and over time, incidences and prevalence of cancer are increasing. To counter this, a lot of anticancer drugs are approved and are in clinical use, playing a pivotal role in its treatment. Due to drug resistance and adverse effects, a continuous demand for novel, potent, and safe candidates to treat cancer is always there. Over the last few decades, various heterocyclic ring‐based derivatives have been explored and reported in the literature. In this regard, benzothiazole scaffold‐based compound emerged as the versatile ring for developing novel and safe anticancer candidates. In this article, we have reported various benzothiazole heterocyclic ring‐based derivatives demonstrating potent antiproliferative activity by induction of apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway in a dose‐dependent manner. These compounds also displayed inhibition of different enzymes, for example, Aurora kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, phosphoinositide kinases, DNA topoisomerase, and tubulin polymerases. This study focused on a comprehensive overview of antiproliferative activity, structure–activity relationship, apoptosis induction activity, and enzyme inhibition by benzothiazole‐based compounds.
Superhydrophilic and oleophobic sponges prepared based on Mussel‐Inspired chemistry for efficient oil‐water separation
Authors: Sun Jianteng , Gao Feng , Hu Jingwen , Qi Zhixian , Huang Yue , Guo Yonggui , Chen Ying , Wei Junfu , Zhang Huan , Pang Qianchan , Wang Huicai , Zhang Xiaoqing
Published: January 2024

Superhydrophilic/oleophobic materials are considered to be the best materials for achieving oil‐water separation, but their preparation is difficult and the existing methods are not universal. In this paper, a two‐step modification strategy was used to prepare superhydrophilic/oleophobic sponges by adjusting the polar and nonpolar components of the materials using mussel‐inspired chemistry. While remaining superhydrophilic, the modified sponge surface has a maximum contact angle of 135° with different oils in air. The modified sponge exhibited superoleophobicity in water, and the contact angle of oil could reach more than 150°. In addition, the modified sponges were also reusable, chemically stable, and mechanically durable. Its oil‐water separation flux was up to 24900 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1, and the separation efficiency was above 97 %. We believe that this method will provide an environmentally friendly and efficient way to prepare the superhydrophilic/oleophobic materials.
Advanced modeling and control of wind conversion systems based on hybrid generators using fractional order controllers
Authors: Mseddi Amina , Wali Khouloud , Abid Ahmed , Naifar Omar , Rhaima Mohamed , Mchiri Lassaad
Published: January 2024

The focus of this study is on modeling and management of a Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based on a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator (HESG). Using a wind simulator, two controllers, CRONE and H∞, are evaluated for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and optimal rotation speed. The results show the CRONE controller's higher tracking capability, and robustness tests investigate the influence of parametric uncertainty. Space harmonic effects, commutation effects, and turbine shaft flexibility are all addressed in the sophisticated models. The introduction of Fractional Order Proportional‐Integral (FOPI) control for MPPT is a game changer. Although fractional calculus‐based accuracy and robustness are uncommon in WECS, they show promise for emissions reduction and increased energy efficiency. This work validates a dependable control approach inside an isolated HESG‐based WECS's power‐maximizing range. Extensive investigation of the parameters impacting FOPI control efficiency yields useful insights for effective MPPT control. A variable‐speed wind turbine (WT) is linked to a HESG through a multiplier, with a controller controlling generator coil excitation voltages and a rectifier connecting the WECS to a load. A thorough 3 kW HESG electrical model that includes generator space harmonics and converter commutation effects is among the contributions. For HESG‐based WECS stability, frequency analysis finds important resonant and anti‐resonant frequencies. These issues are addressed by a FOPI control technique, which ensures system stability and performance. The necessity of exact frequency analysis in HESG‐based WECS is highlighted by a step‐by‐step controller parameter tuning approach.
Low cloud response to aerosol‐radiation‐cloud interactions: Idealized WRF numerical experiments for EUREC4A project
Authors: Tartaglione Nazario , Desbiolles Fabien , del Moral‐Méndez Anna , Meroni Agostino N. , Napoli Anna , Borgnino Matteo , Parodi Antonio , Pasquero Claudia
Published: January 2024

Aerosols significantly affect cloud microphysics and energy budget in different ways. The contribution of the direct, semi‐direct, and indirect effects of aerosols on radiation are here investigated over the North Atlantic tropical ocean under different aerosol loadings. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used to perform a set of numerical idealized experiments, which are forced with prescribed aerosol profiles. We evaluate the effects of aerosols on modeled shallow clouds and surface radiative budget. The results indicate that large aerosol loadings are associated with enhanced cloudiness and reduced precipitation. While the change in rainfall is mainly due to the larger number of smaller droplets, the change in cloudiness is attributed to the effects of absorbing aerosols, mainly dust particles, which are responsible for a rise of temperature that feeds back onto specific humidity. As in the boundary layer the increase of moisture dominates, the net effect is a higher relative humidity, which favors the formation of thin low non‐precipitating clouds. The feedback accounts for a dynamical change in the lower troposphere: shortwave radiation absorption increases temperature at the top of the marine atmospheric boundary‐layer and reduces entrainment of warm and dry air, increasing low level moisture content. Despite the overall increase in cloudiness, daytime cloud cover is reduced. The semi‐direct effect of aerosols on clouds results in a warming of the surface, opposite to the indirect effect.
Impact of Lithium‐Ion Battery Separators on Gas Evolution during Temperature Abuse
Authors: Bläubaum Lars , Röse Philipp , Baakes Florian , Krewer Ulrike
Published: January 2024

Separators in lithium‐ion batteries are typically considered to be electrochemically inert under normal operating conditions. Yet, temperature abuse tests at elevated temperatures of ca. 60 °C to 132 °C show that the choice of separator material has a decisive influence on battery behavior and degradation. Using online electrochemical mass spectrometry, we analyzed the evolution of cell voltage and gas products during and after thermal abuse for different separators. Polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene seem exhibited little change in gas evolution, producing only modest amounts of CO2 and POF3. In contrast, glass fiber and polyethylene terephthalate separators caused additional gas release, indicating electrochemical instability. Polyethylene terephthalate produced significantly more gas, resulting in the mechanical failure of the separator and drastic performance losses. The amount of CO2 evolved with polyethylene terephthalate is four times higher than that of the glass fiber separator. However, the amount of POF3 detected was five times higher for the glass fiber separator.
Self‐serving perception of charitable donation request: An effective cognitive strategy to boost benefits and reduce drawbacks
Authors: Juanchich Marie , Whiley Lilith A. , Sirota Miroslav
Published: January 2024

The psychological consequences of prosocial behavior depend on people's perceptions of their own volition. Building on this, we hypothesized that people who donate increase their volition and the benefits of donations by judging donation requests as polite (non‐coercive), whereas non‐donors reduce their volition and the drawback of refusing to donate by judging the request as less polite (too coercive). Three weeks after providing baseline politeness judgments about a fundraising request, participants re‐evaluated the same request as potential donors (experimental group) or observers (control group) and reported how they felt (Ntime1 = 605, Ntime2 = 294). Relative to past perceptions, donors judged the request as more polite than control participants. Non‐donors redefined the request as less polite than donors, but not less than control participants. Both donors and non‐donors benefited from redefining the request as more polite. We discuss how altering one's perception of a request is a multi‐purpose self‐serving cognition.
‘… They're talking to you as if they're kind of dumbing it down’: A thematic analysis of Black students' perceived reasons for the university awarding gap
Authors: Marandure Blessing N. , Hall Jess , Noreen Saima
Published: January 2024

It is widely acknowledged that there is an awarding gap in higher education, with proportionally more White students achieving a good honours degree compared to their minoritized ethnic counterparts. Furthermore, the gap is largest between Black and White students, hence necessitating initiatives to understand the perspectives of Black students on perceived reasons for the awarding gap. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the perspectives of Black undergraduate Psychology students through the use of qualitative methodology. Sixteen participants took part in two focus groups, which were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. Self‐determination theory provided a framework for contextualising the findings. Three main themes emerged, with participants describing being exposed to signals of unbelonging such as negative racial stereotypes and microaggressions. Within this theme, they discussed their responses to these signals of unbelonging, such as conforming to perceived White norms in an effort to belong and feel ‘normal’. Participants also highlighted the role played by parental influence and relationships on their academic experience. They also discussed experiences with university tutors that were deemed unfavourable. Together, the racialised experiences identified threatened the fulfilment of their needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness. It is thus imperative that higher education institutions actively engage their Black and minoritized ethnic students in order to understand their experiences and foster a sense of belonging at university. Furthermore, the findings regarding parental influence provide an opportunity for structural redress through widening participation efforts and adequate pastoral support.
openLAB – Eine Forschungsbrücke zur Entwicklung eines digitalen Brückenzwillings
Authors: Herbers Max , Bartels Jan‐Hauke , Richter Bertram , Collin Fabian , Ulbrich Lisa , Al‐Zuriqat Thamer , Chillón Geck Carlos , Naraniecki Hubert , Hahn Oliver , Jesse Frank , Smarsly Kay , Marx Steffen
Published: January 2024

Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts IDA‐KI wird eine Forschungsbrücke (openLAB) gebaut, die bis in den Bereich der starken Schädigung belastet wird. Begleitend werden umfangreiche Messungen und Untersuchungen durchgeführt und somit eine einmalige Datenbasis für die Validierung von Schadensdetektions‐ und Auswertemethoden unter realen Umweltbedingungen am großmaßstäblichen Modell geschaffen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Projektidee skizziert und die im Bau befindliche Forschungsbrücke sowie das dort installierte Monitoringsystem vorgestellt. Es werden Methoden für eine automatisierte Datenauswertung und Fehlererkennung in Monitoringdaten präsentiert, die anhand der Belastungsversuche am openLAB validiert werden sollen. Erste Messungen während des Herstellungsprozesses der Fertigteile unterstreichen die Potenziale von verteilten faseroptischen Sensoren für ein Monitoring ab „Stunde null“. Relevante Informationen aus dem Bau und Betrieb der Brücke werden in einem digitalen Modell bereitgestellt. Die Konzeptionierung des sogenannten As‐maintained‐Modells sowie das Datenmanagement werden vorgestellt.
Reviewing the process intensification landscape through the introduction of a novel, multitiered classification for downstream processing
Authors: Crowley Louis , Cashen Paul , Noverraz Marc , Lobedann Martin , Nestola Piergiuseppe
Published: January 2024

A demand for process intensification in biomanufacturing has increased over the past decade due to the ever‐expanding market for biopharmaceuticals. This is largely driven by factors such as a surge in biosimilars as patents expire, an aging population, and a rise in chronic diseases. With these market demands, pressure upon biomanufacturers to produce quality products with rapid turnaround escalates proportionally. Process intensification in biomanufacturing has been well received and accepted across industry based on the demonstration of its benefits of improved productivity and efficiency, while also reducing the cost of goods. However, while these benefits have been shown empirically, the challenges of adopting process intensification into industry remain, from smaller independent start‐up to big pharma. Traditionally, moving from batch to a process intensification scheme has been viewed as an “all or nothing” approach involving continuous bioprocessing, in which the factors of complexity and significant capital costs hinder its adoption. In addition, the literature is crowded with a variety of terms used to describe process intensification (continuous, periodic counter‐current, connected, intensified, steady‐state, etc.). Often, these terms are used inappropriately or as synonyms, which generates confusion in the field. Through a detailed review of current state‐of‐the‐art systems, consumables, and process intensification case studies, we herein propose a defined approach in the implementation of downstream process intensification through a standardized nomenclature and viewing it as distinct independent levels. These can function separately as intensified single‐unit operations or be built upon by integration with other process steps allowing for simple, incremental, cost‐effective implementation of process intensification in the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals.
Reinforcing green business strategies with Industry 4.0 and governance towards sustainability: Natural‐resource‐based view and dynamic capability
Authors: Alkaraan Fadi , Elmarzouky Mahmoud , Hussainey Khaled , Venkatesh V. G. , Shi Yangyan , Gulko Nadia
Published: January 2024

The study explores the influence of contextual factors surrounding production planning and green strategic investment decision‐making practices (GSIDMP) in UK companies. We utilize a mixed‐method approach as a research methodology to study the current trend of production planning and GSIDMP. This study's conceptual model is rooted conspicuously in the resource‐based theory (RBT), natural‐resource‐based view, and dynamic capabilities. We empirically examine the nexus among GSIDMP, technological innovation, dynamic capability, and companies' performance. Our study was based on a sample selected from UK‐listed companies, FTSE ALL‐Share Index for the period (2012–2021). Also, the study utilizes data from the UK Innovation Survey (2018–2020) and corporate disclosure through companies' annual reports as a complementary approach for data collection. Findings of this study explore the interdependencies among company dynamic capability, advanced technological innovation and governance mechanisms, and their mediation influence on the nexus between GSIDMP and companies' performance. This study sheds lights on current business innovation strategies. Findings reveal how current practices of production planning and GSIDM in large UK companies shaped by boardrooms absorptive and adaptive capabilities, knowledge‐generating and knowledge‐collaboration capabilities, technological adoption, and corporate governance mechanisms. This study offers insight regarding boardrooms proactive engagement in exploration and exploitation activities to strengthen ambidexterity through various innovation trajectories associated with green production and GSIDMP towards sustainability. We provide managerial implications for decision‐makers, regulators, investors, scholars, and other stakeholders.
A phase Ib study evaluating the safety and efficacy of IBI310 plus sintilimab in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer who have progressed after anti‐PD‐1/L1 therapy
Authors: Zhao Yuguang , Chen Xiao , Yao Jun , Long Jianlin , Mao Yong , Wu Di , Zang Aimin , Zhao Jun , Liu Ziling , Meng Rui , Chen Ye , Luo Yang , Guo Qun , Li Li , Cui Jiuwei
Published: January 2024

Background

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has made a significant breakthrough in the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there remains a huge unmet clinical need for patients with acquired resistance after initial treatment response.

Methods

This study evaluated the combination of IBI310 (an anti‐cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 [CTLA‐4] antibody) and sintilimab (an anti‐programmed death 1 [PD‐1]) antibody) in NSCLC patients who have previously been treated with anti‐PD‐1/ligand (L)1 and acquired resistance. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either a lower dose of IBI310 (1 mg/kg Q3W, cohort A) or a higher dose of IBI310 (3 mg/kg Q3W, cohort B) in combination with sintilimab (200 mg Q3W). The primary endpoints of the study were objective response rate (ORR) assessed by RECISTv1.1 and safety, while secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

As of November 2, 2023, the study had enrolled 30 patients, with 15 patients in each cohort. The ORR was 13.3% (2/15, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–40.5) in cohort B. DCR were 46.7% (95% CI, 21.3–73.4) and 66.7% (95% CI, 38.4–88.2) in cohorts A and B, respectively. In cohorts A and B of this trial, the median follow‐up times were 4.2 and 5.6 months, respectively. Median PFS was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.35–2.73) versus 2.73 (95% CI, 1.41–4.90) months for cohort A versus B; the median OS was 7.03 (95% CI, 3.09–not calculable [NC]) months in cohort A and 8.90 (95% CI, 5.13–NC) months in cohort B. Of the 30 patients, 86.7% in both cohorts experienced treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) with Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurring in 40% and 53.3% of patients in cohorts A and B, respectively.

Conclusion

IBI310 3 mg/kg Q3W plus sintilimab was effective in a small number of previously treated anti‐PD‐1/L1‐resistant NSCLC patients.
Investigating the academic attainment and progress of children in receipt of individual counselling: A matched comparison study of primary school age children in England
Authors: Toth Katalin , Golden Sarah , Sammons Pam
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In 2016, the UK government identified the need for counselling services in schools to be evidence‐based (Department for Education, 2016). While there is more empirical evidence on counselling and improvement in mental health (Daniunaite et al., Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2015, 15, 251; Finning et al., European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022, 31, 1591), less is known about the associations of counselling with children's academic attainment and progress.

Method

The aim of the paper was to provide more pieces of evidence on the possible associations between school‐based individual counselling and the academic attainment and progress of primary school–aged children. The academic outcomes of children receiving one‐to‐one counselling were compared with those of children who did not receive counselling, but who had similar background characteristics. Coarsened exact matching method was used to match similar children for these comparisons based on national data sets available in England. Data were analysed with inferential statistics and multilinear regression.

Findings

Before matching the samples, analyses revealed children attending Place2Be's counselling services were significantly more likely to be boys (56.6% vs. 51.1%), of ethnic minority origin (46.4% vs. 21.5%), eligible for free school meals (FSM; 52.7% vs. 16.9%) and have special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) status (43.1% vs. 21.1%) than the comparison group. They also had lower academic attainment than children who were not in counselling. However, after a coarsened exact matching on relevant background characteristics, the Place2Be sample was found to have similar levels of academic progress to the matched national sample, suggesting they did not fall behind similar children.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that individual school‐based counselling may be helpful as a potential intervention for supporting vulnerable children's (defined as those identified by schools or parents as in need of individual counselling) academic progress in primary schools, as well as socio‐emotional outcomes; however, further research is needed.
Regulatory mechanisms underlying interleukin‐6 expression in murine brown adipocytes
Authors: Fu Xiajie , Murakami Masaru , Hashimoto Osamu , Matsui Tohru , Funaba Masayuki
Published: January 2024

Three types of adipocytes, white, brown, and beige, regulate the systemic energy balance through the storage and expenditure of chemical energy. In addition, adipocytes produce various bioactive molecules known as adipokines. In contrast to white adipocyte‐derived molecules, less information is available on the adipokines produced by brown adipocytes (batokine). This study explored the regulatory expression of interleukin (IL)‐6 in cell culture studies. Norepinephrine or a nonselective β‐adrenergic receptor agonist increased the expression of IL‐6 in primary brown adipocytes and HB2 brown adipocytes. Treatment with forskolin (Fsk), an activator of the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway (downstream signaling of the β‐adrenergic receptor), efficiently stimulated IL‐6 expression in brown adipocytes and myotubes. Phosphorylated CREB and phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase levels were increased in Fsk‐treated brown adipocytes within 5 min. In contrast, a long‐term (∼60 min and ∼4 h) treatment with Fsk was required for increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and C/EBPβ expression, respectively. The PKA, p38 MAP kinase, STAT3, and C/EBPβ pathways are required for the maximal IL‐6 expression induced by Fsk, which were verified by use of various inhibitors of these signal pathways. Vitamin C enhanced Fsk‐induced IL‐6 expression through the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activity. The present study provides basic information on the regulatory expression of IL‐6 in activated brown adipocytes.
Insights into cAMP‐dependent molecular mechanisms regulating expression and function of LGALS16 gene in choriocarcinoma JEG‐3 cells
Authors: Kaminker Jennifer D. , Butt Ahmad G. , Killeen Hailey , Timoshenko Alexander V.
Published: January 2024

The human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG‐3 offers a valuable model to study galectin‐16 gene (LGALS16) expression and functions in the context of placental cell differentiation and cancer cell biology. Recent evidence indicates that cAMP‐mediated signaling pathways might be responsible for the upregulation of LGALS16; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we employed biochemical inhibitors of the cAMP cascade and CRISPR/Cas9 engineered cells to assess regulatory patterns and associations between cAMP‐induced trophoblast differentiation and LGALS16 expression in JEG‐3 cells. The expression of LGALS16 was significantly upregulated in parallel with human chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB), a biomarker of syncytiotrophoblast differentiation, in response to 8‐Br‐cAMP. Inhibition of p38 MAPK and EPAC significantly altered LGALS16 expression during differentiation, while PKA inhibition failed to change LGALS16 and CGB3/5 expression in our cell model. The CRISPR/Cas9 LGALS16 knockout cell pool expressed a significantly lower amount of CGB3/5, a reduced level of CGB protein, and an unaltered cell growth rate in response to 8‐Br‐cAMP in comparison with wild‐type JEG‐3 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that LGALS16 is required for the trophoblast‐like differentiation of JEG‐3 cells, and its expression is mediated through p38 MAPK and EPAC signaling pathway branches.
A systematic scoping review exploring how people with lived experience have been involved in prison and forensic mental health research
Authors: Rutherford Rosie , Bowes Nicola , Cornwell Rosie , Heggs Daniel , Pashley Susannah
Published: January 2024

Background

Introduction of guidance by the National Institute for Health Research has led to an increase in participation by people with ‘lived experience’ of mental health problems. However, some researchers have questioned the extent to which involvement has been meaningful, expressing concerns that involvement is impeded by the structure and culture of academia. A prior review of literature to 2016 provided little evidence of active engagement.

Aims

To find out from published literature how patient and public involvement in designing and or conducting research has been used in forensic mental health settings, prisons or probation since the last review period.

Methods

A systematic scoping review of research published in academic journals between 2016 and February 2023 was completed using terms for research activity, involvement of people with experience of receiving services and health or justice systems to search three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. We used the Guidance for Reporting Patient and Public Involvement in Research Tool to support data extraction and to summarise our own service user involvement in this study.

Results

From 675 unique titles retrieved, 17 were eligible for inclusion, covering 16 unique studies. Most of the included research was by/with people who had prison experience. Only two studies had been conducted by/with people who had experience of secure hospital wards/forensic mental health services. Details of how people with lived experience had contributed to the research were scarce, but in 8 studies they had been involved throughout and included in the authorship group.

Conclusion

Whilst this review identifies pockets of good practice, meaningful engagement in forensic mental health research seems to remain rare, at least as reported in papers published in academic journals. Further research is required into whether this reflects real limits on inclusion, as we suspect, or such full integration that such reporting is not regarded as necessary or desirable, which we doubt. We urge journal editors to routinely ask authors to include information about how people with lived experience have been involved in any published research and the nature and extent of the influence they had. This may help to develop the evidence base and guard against tokenistic involvement.
Comprehensive clinical outcomes of drug‐coated balloon treatment for coronary artery disease. Insights from a single‐center experience
Authors: Funatsu Atsushi , Sato Tatsushi , Koike Jumpei , Mizobuchi Masahiro , Kobayashi Tomoko , Nakamura Shigeru
Published: January 2024

Background

Some clinical trials have verified the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel drug‐coated balloon (DCB) for small vessel coronary artery disease. However, nonsmall vessel and calcified lesions received less attention.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of DCB treatment for various types of coronary artery lesions, including not only small vessel disease but also nonsmall vessel disease and calcified lesions. In this real‐world clinical practice study, in‐stent restenosis was excluded.

Methods

This study consecutively included 934 patients with 1751 nonstented lesions who received DCB at a cardiovascular center in Kyoto Katsura Hospital in Japan between 2009 and 2012 and 2014 to 2019. This study enrolled and retrospectively analyzed all of the patients. Eligible patients routinely underwent follow‐up angiography at 6–8 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary endpoint includes target lesion revascularization (TLR) during follow‐up. Further, this study calculated the predictor of TLR using multivariate analysis.

Results

This study included the lesions involving 46.4% of type B2/C, 26.9% with severe calcification, and 6.0% with DCB restenosis. Mean DCB diameter and length were 2.75 ± 0.51 mm and 24.2 ± 9.6 mm, respectively. The median follow‐up duration was 18 months. Follow‐up angiography revealed a TLR rate of 9% and a restenosis rate of 9%. This study identified hemodialysis and current smoking as independent TLR predictors.

Conclusion

In routine clinical practice, the effectiveness of DCB was observed consistently across various types of coronary artery disease.
The psychiatric symptoms in anti‐IgLON5 disease: Case report and literature review
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Xiao Jun , Li Jieying
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Immunotherapy may be ineffective in the advanced stages of anti‐IgLON5 disease with psychiatric symptoms. The psychiatric symptoms in advanced stages of anti‐IgLON5 disease may be associated with neurodegeneration.
FGF23‐related hypophosphatemic rickets preceding the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus: A juvenile case
Authors: tabei Yoko , Ohtsu Yoshiaki , Shimada Masaharu , Wada Aya , Hamajima Emi , Osawa Yoshimitsu , Takizawa Takumi
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case report describes the clinical course of a juvenile female with FGF23‐related hypophosphatemic rickets preceding the onset of SLE. Our study demonstrates the possibility of hypophosphatemic rickets as an early symptom of SLE.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)‐related hypophosphatemic rickets is observed in both genetic and acquired disorders. Various reports describe FGF23‐related hypophosphatemia with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although FGF23‐related hypophosphatemia preceding the onset of SLE has never been described. Here, we report the case of a 9‐year‐old female with FGF23‐related hypophosphatemic rickets preceding the onset of SLE. The patient presented to us with arthralgia in the lower extremities and abnormality of gait lasting for 8 months. She was diagnosed with FGF23 hypophosphatemic rickets due to the presence of hypophosphatemic rickets symptoms and high serum levels of FGF23. Additional examination excluded hereditary diseases and tumor‐induced osteomalacia. Three months after diagnosis of FGF23‐related hypophosphatemic rickets, she developed nephritis and was diagnosed with SLE. She was treated with prednisolone, hemodialysis, and disease‐modifying drugs, as well as oral sodium phosphate to improve hypophosphatemia. Serum anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibody (dsDNAab) and plasma tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were elevated at FGF23‐related hypophosphatemic rickets diagnosis. During the clinical course, serum FGF23 correlated with dsDNAab and TNF‐α serum levels, which are involved in SLE disease activity. In this case, FGF23‐related hypophosphatemic rickets without hereditary diseases or tumor‐induced osteomalacia occurred before the appearance of juvenile SLE symptoms, and serum FGF23 represented disease activity in SLE.
Systemic pain relief after omalizumab injection in patient with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: A case report
Authors: Jonik Sarahrose , Rothka Andrew Joseph , Cherin Neyha
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Omalizumab may be a beneficial adjunct treatment option for hEDS patients require to improve pain control, ability to perform ADLs and functionality and social engagement, and most importantly, quality of life.
Photocatalytic Structures for Protein Modifications
Authors: Liu Zhengyi , Okamoto Yasunori , Sato Shinichi
Published: January 2024

The chemical modification of proteins serves as a fundamental tool for understanding biological processes and enables the design of biofunctional materials. Among the available methodologies, photochemical strategies have garnered significant attention because of their remarkable biocompatibility and precise spatiotemporal reaction control. Developing novel reactions tailored to specific applications necessitates a comprehensive understanding of photoreactive properties, including catalyst structures, appropriate modifiers, and reaction conditions. This review discusses chemical modifications of proteins using an array of catalysts, including photoredox catalysts for single‐electron transfer (SET), catalysts for energy transfer, long‐wavelength excitable photocatalysts, genetically encoded photocatalysts, and artificial metalloenzymes. The discussion covers the unique attributes, mechanisms, practical applications, and future prospects of each catalyst‐driven reaction, shedding light on the evolving landscape of protein chemical modifications.
Simultaneous Scanning Ion Conductance and Electrochemical Microscopy in Lithium‐Ion Battery Research
Authors: Eidenschink Johannes , Matysik Frank‐Michael
Published: January 2024

Deeper understanding of processes involved in operation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is necessary to further optimize them for future applications. Extensive research was conducted on the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on negative battery electrodes, still leaving several questions unanswered. Scanning probe microscopies (SPMs) enable in situ and operando investigations and have the potential to explain some phenomena. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) could be employed in LIB studies. A novel SICM method based on the redox couple ferrocene/ferrocenium is introduced for applications in carbonate solvents widely used in LIBs. Proof of concept measurements were conducted with a micro milled copper circuit board as model substrate. Furthermore, the proposed SICM approach was hyphenated with feedback mode SECM resulting in the simultaneous mapping of morphology and electrochemical activity. A flexible dual‐probe arrangement was developed enabling usage of both SPM techniques at the same time, and furthermore, an easy replacement of both individual probes if needed. The setup was applied in the characterisation of commercial graphite electrodes for LIBs before and after conducting a pre‐charging protocol. Changes in electrochemical activity and topography of the graphite electrode were resolved in simultaneously generated SECM/SICM recordings.
Effect of Polytetrafluorethylene Content in Fe‐N‐C‐Based Catalyst Layers of Gas Diffusion Electrodes for HT‐PEM Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Zierdt Tanja , Müller‐Hülstede Julia , Schmies Henrike , Schonvogel Dana , Wagner Peter , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: January 2024

Fe‐N‐C catalysts are a promising alternative to replace cost‐intensive Pt‐based catalysts in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC) electrodes. However, the electrode fabrication needs to be adapted for this new class of catalysts. In this study, gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) are fabricated using a commercial Fe‐N‐C catalyst and different polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) binder ratios, varying from 10 to 50 wt % in the catalyst layer (CL). The oxygen reduction reaction performance is investigated under HT‐PEMFC conditions (160 °C, conc. H3PO4 electrolyte) in a half‐cell setup. The acidophilic character of the Fe‐N‐C catalyst leads to intrusion of phosphoric acid electrolyte into the CL. The strength of the acid penetration depends on the PTFE content, which is visible via the contact angles. The 10 wt % PTFE GDE is less capable to withdraw product water and electrolyte and results into the lowest half‐cell performance. Higher PTFE contents counterbalance the acid drag into the CL and impede flooding. The power density at around 130 mA mgCatalyst−2 increases by 34 % from 10 to 50 wt % PTFE.
Nucleobase Stacking Sustained by Pt−Pt Interactions
Authors: Lorenzo‐Aparicio Carmen , García‐Álvarez Pablo , Cabeza Javier A. , Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: January 2024

This article reports the use of metal–metal interactions as a way to induce nucleobase stacking in a dinucleotide chain. We synthetized and study a series of C,N‐cyclometallated platinum(II) binuclear complexes derived from 6‐phenylpurine dinucleotide 1 as proligand, and β‐diketonates, 2,2'‐bipyridines and 1,10‐phenanthroline as ancillary ligands. The X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the diketonate derivatives 7 and 8 are chiral helixes sustained by Pt−Pt intramolecular interactions that allow the nucleobase stacking. The folded helical structures are maintained in solution, as demonstrated by the appearance of metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MMLCT) transitions in the UV‐vis spectra. The influence of the ancillary ligand in the molecular structure was evidenced by the absence of bands derived from M−M interactions in the absorption spectra of 2,2’‐bipyridine and and 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives 12–14. The existence of Pt−Pt in the complexes of this study can be also detected by electrochemistry.
“Photo‐Adrenalines”: Photoswitchable β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Agonists as Molecular Probes for the Study of Spatiotemporal Adrenergic Signaling
Authors: Sink Alexandra , Gerwe Hubert , Hübner Harald , Boivin‐Jahns Valerie , Fender Julia , Lorenz Kristina , Gmeiner Peter , Decker Michael
Published: January 2024

β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) agonists are used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but also play a role in other complex disorders including cancer, diabetes and heart diseases. As the cellular and molecular mechanisms in various cells and tissues of the β2‐AR remain vastly elusive, we developed tools for this investigation with high temporal and spatial resolution. Several photoswitchable β2‐AR agonists with nanomolar activity were synthesized. The most potent agonist for β2‐AR with reasonable switching is a one‐digit nanomolar active, trans‐on arylazopyrazole‐based adrenaline derivative and comprises valuable photopharmacological properties for further biological studies with high structural accordance to the native ligand adrenaline.
Boosting Hydrogen Production of a MOF‐based Multicomponent Photocatalyst with Clean Interface via Facile One‐pot Electrosynthesis
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Wen , Zhang Sheng‐Nan , Wang Jun , Yang Jia , Yang Zhengkun , Chen Xi‐Fan , Xiao Juan‐Ding , Wang Junzhong
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen production from photocatalysis via the usage of multicomponent photocatalysts represents a promising pathway for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, owing to their structural advantages in dealing with the three crucial processes in photocatalysis, namely, light harvesting, charge transfer, and surface redox reactions. We demonstrate the fabrication of a MOF‐based multicomponent photocatalyst, denoted as semiconductor/MOF/cocatalyst, by a one‐pot electrochemical synthetic route. The as‐fabricated multicomponent photocatalyst has a clean interface among the components, leading to close connections that contribute to high‐quality heterojunction and facilitate photogenerated charge transfer and separation, thereby the efficient hydrogen evolution. The hydrogen production rate of the resultant ZrO2/Zr‐MOF/Pt is 1327 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1, which is much higher than that of ZrO2/Zr‐MOF (15 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1) and pure Zr‐MOF (10.1 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1), as well as the photodeposited‐Pt products ZrO2/Zr‐MOF/PtPD (287 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1) and Zr‐MOF/PtPD (192 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1) obtained by the step‐wise synthetic approach. The work gives a good inspiration for the rational design and construction of MOF‐based multicomponent photocatalysts through the one‐pot electrosynthesis.
Characterization by Gel Permeation Chromatography of the Molecular Weight of Supramolecular Polymers Generated by Forming Polyrotaxanes through the Introduction of External Stoppers
Authors: Liu Hui , Hu Ziqing , Ji Xiaofan
Published: January 2024

Supramolecular polymers find wide applications across diverse domains, and the molecular weight exerts a critical influence on their applicability. Consequently, the measurement of molecular weight for supramolecular polymers assumes paramount significance. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) requiring low‐concentration condition is a common characterization employed for molecular weight determination, which is not suitable for supramolecular polymers possessing concentration‐independence property. Here, to break this threshold, we synthesized M1 embodying dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) moiety as well as dibenzylammonium salt (DBA) group, which was capable of self‐assembling into supramolecular polymers terminated with aldehyde groups at its end. Upon the addition of (4‐ (1,2,2‐Triphenylvinyl) phenyl) methylamine (TPE‐NH2), supramolecular polymers underwent a transition into polyrotaxanes, for which it was led by the generation of imine bonds. By virtue of GPC, the molecular weight of polyrotaxanes was obtained, then it was available to gain the molecular weight of supramolecular polymers with the help of transformation efficiency.