bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation and Compensation of CO2 Emissions Due to International Tourism in the Island of Crete, Greece
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the current study is to examine the possibilities of mitigating the carbon footprint of the tourism industry in Crete, Greece, to estimate its carbon intensity and additionally the cost of eliminating all tourism-related carbon emissions with compensation credits in the island. Various mitigation options in different sectors of the tourism industry in Crete, including transport to the destination, accommodation, catering and various tourist activities at the destination, have been proposed. Mitigation of carbon emissions in accommodation is easier, due to the presence of appropriate technologies, than in other tourism sectors. Various carbon offsetting schemes including the use of carbon compensation credits and forest restoration have also been investigated. Based on existing research regarding annual CO2 emissions due to the tourism industry in Crete, the area of new forest plantations required for offsetting all tourism-related carbon emissions in Crete has been calculated at 114 031 ha. The carbon intensity of the tourism industry in Crete has been estimated at 0.562 kgCO2/€ which is in the same range of values reported for other EU countries. The annual cost of eliminating all tourism-related CO2 emissions in Crete has been estimated at €20,525,580 which corresponds to 0.51% of the annual gross domestic product in the island attributed to tourism.
Some Views About Standard English
Authors: Zhang Jinhua
Published: December 2019

English is playing an increasingly important role in the world. People can communicate through English in any place of the world, while more English varieties come into being with its spreading. Therefore, many people are confused about whether there is Standard English and what it is. Meanwhile, many people discuss that whether it is good to insist Standard English. Many arguments about these issues are continuing. This paper will review the previous studies about Standard English and present different views about it from different aspects. It is raised that although there are many arguments about Standard English, it is necessary to insist a norm for English.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 9, No. 4
Authors: Lin Emily
Published: December 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2019
HIV Risks in Sexual Networks of Heterosexual Men in South Africa
Authors: Ntombela Nonzwakazi P , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P , Mtshali Andile N , Kuupiel Desmond , Kharsany Ayesha BM
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: The interaction of HIV risks in sexual networks remains unclear in South Africa. We provide an overview of the dynamics of HIV risks in South African men through a systematic scoping review.

METHODS & ANALYSIS: Literature searches were conducted on seven online databases. Two reviewers independently screened articles against the inclusion criteria and performed a Kappa coefficient test to evaluate the degree of agreement on article selection. Thematic content analysis and a Mixed Method Appraisal Tool version 2018 were used to present the narrative account of the outcomes and to assess the risk of bias on included studies.

RESULTS: Of the 1356 records identified, six studies reported on the dynamics of HIV infection in heterosexual men in sexual networks. All studies that were included were published between 2006 and 2016. The participants were aged 13 years and above and comprised of sero-discordant couples, HIV patients, and male and female in the general population. These studies were conducted in multiple diverse regions including South Africa, Senegal, Uganda, Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana and Zambia. Evidence showed that age and sexual partnerships were most commonly identified attributes to either HIV infection and/or transmission risks in men. While other biological and behavioral data were reported, the results were not specific to men.

DISCUSSION: The impact of age and sexual partnerships are poorly understood and the data available limit inferences to South African men. Limited empiric evidence of HIV risk among men impacts on the design, development and tailoring of HIV prevention interventions to alter the trajectory.
Mutual Fund Styles and Clientele-Specific Performance Evaluation
Authors: Chrétien Stéphane , Kammoun Manel
Published: December 2019

This paper develops clientele-specific performance measures based on the style preferences of mutual fund investors. Proposing an approach that considers investor disagreement and exploits style classification data, we investigate eight measures to represent investors with favorable preferences for size and value equity styles using a large sample of actively-managed U.S. equity mutual funds from 1998 to 2012. We find that the implied style preferences differ in their rational and behavioral features: value and small-cap fund investors (growth and large-cap fund investors) are more (less) averse to difficult economic conditions, and tend to be pessimists and contrarians (optimists and trend followers). The performance of funds assigned to clientele-specific styles becomes neutral or positive when evaluated with measures that consider their most likely style clienteles. The sign of the value added by the industry is ambiguous and depends on the choice of measures. Hence, performance is more favorable when funds are evaluated with their appropriate style-clientele-specific measure, and can otherwise depend on the measure.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4
Authors: Sun Alyssa
Published: December 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2019.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 8, No. 6
Authors: Lin Grace
Published: December 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 8, No. 6, 2019
Spatial Effects of Wind Generation and Its Implication for Wind Farm Investment Decisions in New Zealand
Authors: Wen Le , Sharp Basil , Sbai Erwann
Published: December 2019

Spill-over effects on electricity nodal prices associated with increased wind generation have not been examined in the literature. To examine these effects, we use spatial econometric models to estimate the direct and indirect effects of wind generation on nodal wholesale electricity prices. Spatial econometric models allow us to provide quantitative estimates of spill-over magnitudes and statistical tests for significance. Results show negative and significant effects are associated with increases in wind penetration, and the effect is stronger during peak hours and weaker during off-peak hours. Simulation results demonstrate net savings of NZ$8 million per MW of additional wind capacity installed at the CNI2 wind site. The findings provide valuable information on the evaluation of wind farm development in terms of site location, wholesale prices, and financial feasibility.

Our approach also contributes to forecasting location specific wholesale electricity prices, and provides a better understanding of the implications of locating wind sites.
Digitale transformatie van de overheid vergt visie en beleid
Authors: Mulder Evert-Jan
Published: December 2019

Digital transformation of the government requires vision and policy

Modern technology will lead to fundamentally different models for policy and governance. The impact of this on existing government bureaucracy is strongly underexposed within the current discourse on digital transformation. This essay, based on practical experience, wants to make clear (a) that this impact is indeed there; (b) that this impact affects all processes of the government organization; and (c) that this impact is not something that will emerge in the long term, instead it is already evident. So it is now time for administrators, policymakers and managers to put this topic on the agenda, otherwise the disruptive soup will soon not be as hot, but even hotter, when eaten.
Het Gerecht in Slovak Telekom: een triomf van vorm over inhoud?
Authors: Mulder Jotte
Published: December 2019

Het Gerecht in Slovak Telekom: een triomf van vorm over inhoud?

Deze annotatie reflecteert op overwegingen van het Gerecht in het Slovak Telekom-arrest die betrekking hebben op de vraag wat de voorwaarden zijn voor het vaststellen van een constructieve leveringsweigering in de context van een gereguleerde markt. Het Gerecht kiest een opvallend (nieuwe) formele benadering. Enige reflectie op de stand van de jurisprudentie is daarmee wenselijk.
De veranderingen en groei van het Tweede Boek van het Wetboek van Strafrecht. Een historische analyse van zijn externe structuur in de periode 1886-2017
Authors: Meesters Marieke , Nieuwbeerta Paul , ten Voorde Jeroen
Published: December 2019

The changes and growth of the Second Book of the Criminal Code. A historical analysis of its external structure in the period 1886-2017

Recently a project was started that aims to systematically describe and explain the developments in the Criminal Code for the period 1886 - 2017. This article presents the first results of this new project, called the Historical Criminal Code (HWvSr). An overview is given of the long-term developments in the structure – the ‘external’ structure – of the Second Book of the Criminal Code since 1886. The analyzes show that its scope has been substantially expanded over the last 130 years, but also that various articles and article parts have been deleted. The article describes the most important changes in terms of both quantity and content.
Polypharmacology – a challenge for current drug design approaches
Authors: Podlewska Sabina , Kurczab Rafał
Published: December 2019

Drug design process faces many challenges, and the most important ones are connected with side effects. Finding compounds that possess affinity towards target of interest is relatively simple; however, an approach one disease-one target is now making space for the search of polypharmacological ligands, where activity towards several proteins is considered at one time. Such proteins are not always the target ones, but very often such panels include also anti-targets, interaction with which is not desired, due to the side effects that may occur upon such contact. In the study, we examined ligands of four G protein-coupled receptors, forming antipsychotic profile: dopamine receptor D2, serotonin receptors 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C (anti-target), and 5-HT6. Number of ligands belonging to particular activity groups, as well as the selected compound structures are examined in detail. Also compound similarity between sets of different activity groups is analysed, giving a picture of difficulty of constructing molecular modeling methodologies that can help in the search of compounds with desired activity profile.
Sonically modified zeolites with MFI and USY type structure as catalysts for methane combustion. Preparation and physicochemical characterisation
Authors: Kuterasiński Łukasz , Dymek Klaudia , Jodłowski Przemysław Jakub
Published: December 2019

The objectives of our study were to prepare of ZSM-5 and USY-based catalysts by hydrothermal method, containing metallic active phase, deposited by both conventional ionic-exchange or ultrasonic irradiation. Prepared materials were characterized by various physicochemical methods, such as XRD, BET, SEM, UV-VIS and the sorption of ammonia monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. The XRD data confirmed pure MFI or USY type structure zeolite. BET and ammonia sorption results have shown that the presented method leads to preparation of highly porous and acidic systems. Metallic active phase was found as cations and oxides with hexagonal and octahedral coordination.
Helminth therapy – local and systemic activity, on example of inflammatory bowel diseases and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maruszewska-Cheruiyot Marta , Donskow-Łysoniewska Katarzyna , Doligalska Maria
Published: December 2019

Autoimmunological diseases are an increasing problem nowadays in societies. Due to complex etiology, effective therapy against immune disorders is still needed. A promising alternative for the current methods of treatment can be helminthic therapy. Series of tests on animal models as well as clinical studies indicates that parasitic infection can inhibit inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases and multiple sclerosis. Effectiveness of therapy with helminths, mainly gut nematodes depends on the activity of many compounds released during infection. Despite hopeful results, mechanisms activated by nematodes aren’t explained yet, besides, therapeutically use of live parasites is controversial. Most of studies are focused on searching parasitic factors. The use of this compound in autoimmunological diseases could be an alternative for current medicaments. The aim of current study is summarizing and discussing helminth therapy
of autoimmunological disorder on multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases examples
as well as using parasitic compounds as a potential pharmaceutical component.
Weight Status and Sedentary Behavior of Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers
Authors: Carpenter Chelsea A. , Miller Maggi C. , Sui Xuemei , West Delia S.
Published: December 2019

Objectives: In this study, we sought to characterize the weight status, sedentary behavior, and physical activity of caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: In 2014, we surveyed caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease from the South Carolina
Alzheimer's Disease Registry (N = 47) about their personal health behaviors. Additionally, a subset of individuals (N = 14) wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Results: Caregivers (N = 47) were mostly overweight or obese (85%) and self-reported a daily average sedentary time of 246.5
± 203.0 minutes and 455.8 ± 291.4 minutes, as measured by 2 questionnaires. Objective measures indicated that persons spent an average of 769.4 ± 167.6 minutes per day (77.8% of their waking day) engaged in sedentary behavior. Conclusion: Given the negative health
outcomes associated with both obesity and sedentary behavior, this is a vulnerable population that likely would benefit from interventions focused on weight management and reducing sedentary behavior.
Premutation Allele Combined with Caregiver Distress Factor Increase the Risk of Depression in Fragile X Carriers: Indonesia Setting
Authors: Winarni Tri Indah , Sumekar Tanjung Ayu , Wibowo Susilo , Hagerman Randi J. , Faradz Sultana M.H.
Published: November 2019

This study was done to determine the risk of anxiety and depression symptoms among fragile X premutation carriers. Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) was administered by trained physicians to measure the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Caregiver distress factors which directly contribute to caregiver burden in particular degree of relationship with the child, number of FXS child, child institutional/educational status, number of hours spent providing care per day, and the degree of illness severity were documented. Thirty-one fragile X carriers (27 females, 4 males), aged 32-77 years participated in this study. Only 3.2% had anxiety symptoms, while depression symptoms were identified in 35.5% carriers. Number of hours of providing care/day were significantly associated with depression symptoms (p<0.001). The prevalence ratio (PR) of depression among individuals who had a distress score above cut-off was 3.2 (95% CI= 1.2 to 8.5) compared to those who had a distress score below cut-off with p=0.02. Fragile X premutation carriers are at a greater risk to develop depression symptoms related to the hours spent in caring for children with fragile X syndrome (FXS).
Unsuccessful Developmental Experiences of People with ID and ASD as Risk Factors for Disorders in Psychosexual Functioning
Authors: Parchomiuk Monika
Published: November 2019

The article presents an analysis of the general characteristics of negative psychosocial experiences and their possible impact on the psychosexual sphere of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders. Seeking such factors, the focus was on the family environment. Particular attention was paid to parental attitudes towards the child with indicated developmental disabilities and the child's sexuality. The tasks essential for the development of sexuality during childhood and adolescence were described. Possible problems and difficulties that may arise in this sphere in persons with developmental disabilities in the context of negative experiences were analyzed. General guidelines important for supporting parents were outlined, which are important from the perspective of limiting the adverse psychosocial experiences of children.
Regards, frayeurs et points de suspension dans L’Oiseau Bleu de Maurice Maeterlinck
Authors: Paulet Dubois Françoise
Published: December 2019

La célebre obra de teatro L’Oiseau Bleu del Nobel belga de literatura Maurice Maeterlinck suscita desde hace más de un siglo un enorme interés por parte de realizadores y directores de cine, creadores de todo tipo y críticos. Sus distintas facetas como cuento de hadas mágico, simbólico y metafísico hacen de este texto una obra entrañable y sorprendente. A partir del léxico, me propongo estudiar la importancia de la vista y del miedo en el texto: los términos para designar estas dos nociones son extremadamente abundantes, lo que revela ciertas intenciones por parte del autor. Trataré de descubrirlas, para después examinar una característica formal poco corriente, la multiplicidad de los puntos suspensivos, señal de una preocupación que merece ser analizada.

The very famous play L’Oiseau Bleu, by the Belgian Literature Nobel Prize Maurice Maeterlinck, has been of significant interest for more than a century among theatre and film directors, art creators of all kinds and critics. Its different facets of fairy, symbolic and metaphysical tale make it a charming and surprising play. Examining the vocabulary, I’ll study the importance of sight and fear in this text: the words that describe these two notions are superabundant, which reveals some intentions on the part of the author. After trying to find them out, I’ll analyse an unusual formal characteristic in the text: the countless suspension points.

La célebre obra de teatro L’Oiseau Bleu del Nobel belga de literatura Maurice Maeterlinck suscita desde hace más de un siglo un enorme interés por parte de realizadores y directores de cine, creadores de todo tipo y críticos. Sus distintas facetas como cuento de hadas mágico, simbólico y metafísico hacen de este texto una obra entrañable y sorprendente. A partir del léxico, me propongo estudiar la importancia de la vista y del miedo en el texto: los términos para designar estas dos nociones son extremadamente abundantes, lo que revela ciertas intenciones por parte del autor. Trataré de descubrirlas, para después examinar una característica formal poco corriente, la multiplicidad de los puntos suspensivos, señal de una preocupación que merece ser analizada.
Écrire au-delà de la fin des temps? Les littératures au Canada et au Québec/Writing beyond the end of times? The literatures of Canada and Quebec.
Authors: Calvo Martín Beatriz
Published: December 2019

Compte rendu du livre "Écrire au-delà de la fin des temps ? Les littératures au Canada et au Québec/Writing beyond the end of times? The literatures of Canada and Quebec", Mathis-Moser, Ursula et Carrière, Marie (eds), Innsbruck, innsbruck university press, canadiana oenipontana, 14, 2017, 276 pages.
L'œuvre de Kim Thúy: une écriture née de la fêlure biographique
Authors: Sánchez Hernández María Angeles
Published: December 2019

En este artículo analizamos la obra de Kim Thúy, escritora canadiense de origen vietnamita. Sus textos se asemejan al género autobiográfico porque las historias que cuenta siguen de cerca su trayectoria biográfica y están escritos en primera persona; sin embargo, ciertos elementos no coinciden con el recorrido íntimo de la autora ni con los rasgos de la formulación general del género; por lo tanto, no se trata de una autobiografía normativa. Revisamos las teorías actuales sobre autobiografía y autoficción como fundamentación para nuestro análisis. A través de sus libros, estudiamos el lado de las escrituras del yo que se desvía de la idea tradicional de la autobiografía exponiendo una evolución de este tipo de relato relacionada con los cambios sociales del siglo XXI.

In this article we analyse the work of Kim Thúy, a Canadian authoress of Vietnamese origin. Her texts resemble the autobiographical genre because the stories she tells closely follow her biographical trajectory and are written in first person; yet some elements do not coincide with the author's intimate journey or with the features of the genre's general formulation; therefore, it is not a normative autobiography. We review the current theories of autobiography and auto-fiction as the basis for our analysis. Through her books, we study the autobiographical works that deviates from the traditional idea of autobiography by exposing an evolution of this type of story related to the social changes of the 21st century.

En este artículo analizamos la obra de Kim Thúy, escritora canadiense de origen vietnamita. Sus textos se asemejan al género autobiográfico porque las historias que cuenta siguen de cerca su trayectoria biográfica y están escritos en primera persona; sin embargo, ciertos elementos no coinciden con el recorrido íntimo de la autora ni con los rasgos de la formulación general del género; por lo tanto, no se trata de una autobiografía normativa. Revisamos las teorías actuales sobre autobiografía y autoficción como fundamentación para nuestro análisis. A través de sus libros, estudiamos el lado de las escrituras del yo que se desvía de la idea tradicional de la autobiografía exponiendo una evolución de este tipo de relato relacionada con los cambios sociales del siglo XXI.
Écriture du moi et violation de la vie privée d’autrui ou la judiciarisation de l’autofiction: Les Petits de Christine Angot et Belle et Bête de Marcela Iacub
Authors: Ngamaleu Jovensel
Published: December 2019

Este artículo se centra en la judiciarización de dos autofictions: les petits de Christine Angot y Belle et bête de Marcela Iacub. Estas escandalosas novelas han sido objeto de un juicio por violación de la vida privada de los personajes identificables representados en el mismo. La ex-mujer de la compañera de Angot ha superado cínicamente la vida de Elise Bidoit. La segunda es la historia desvergonzada y provocativa de un amor efímero entre Iacub y el ex director del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI), Dominique Strauss-Khan. Hemos movido conjuntamente ciertos aspectos de la postura sutoral (Meizoz, 2011) y la recepción crítica (Jauss, 1990) para llevar a cabo nuestros análisis. Así, resulta que Angot e Iacub, como dos verdugos, operaban, cada uno a su manera, una cínica maniobra literaria destinada principalmente a perjudicar a sus víctimas o presas literarias.

This article focuses on the judiciarization of two autofictions: Christine Angot’s Les Petits and Marcela Iacub’s Belle et Bête. These scandalous novels have each been the subject of a lawsuit for violation of the private life of the identifiable characters portrayed therein. The former cynically overexposes the life of Elise Bidoit, the ex-wife of Angot's companion. The second is the shameless and provocative story of an ephemeral love between Iacub and the former director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Dominique Strauss-Khan. We have jointly mobilise certain aspects of the auctorial posture (Meizoz, 2011) and the critical reception (Jauss, 1990) to carry out ours analyzes. Thus, it turns out that Angot and Iacub, as two executioners, operated, each in his own way, a cynical literary maneuver aimed primarily at harming their victims or literary preys.

Le présent article porte sur la judiciarisation de deux autofictions : Les Petits de Christine Angot et Belle et Bête de Marcela Iacub. Ces romans scandaleux ont chacun fait l’objet d’un procès pour violation de la vie privée des personnages à clé qui y sont portraiturés. Le premier surexpose cyniquement la vie d’Élise Bidoit, l’ex-épouse du compagnon d’Angot. Le second est l’histoire impudique et provocante d’une liaison éphémère entre Iacub et l’ex-directeur du Fond Monétaire Internationale (FMI), Dominique Strauss-Khan. Nous avons mobilisé conjointement certains aspects de la posture auctoriale (Meizoz, 2011) et de la réception critique (Jauss, 1990) pour mener à bien nos analyses. Ainsi, il s’avère qu’Angot et Iacub, comme deux bourreaux, ont opéré, chacune à sa manière, une manœuvre littéraire cynique visant principalement à nuire leurs victimes ou proies littéraires.
Bibliometría aplicada a la gamificación como estrategia digital de aprendizaje
Authors: Peirats Chacón Jose , Marín Diana , Vidal María-Isabel
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo se interesa por un tema de actualidad como es la gamificación en educación, una interesante estrategia didáctica para responder a los alarmantes datos sobre fracaso y abandono escolar obtenidos año tras año en las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas en el ámbito europeo. A través del estudio bibliométrico de la producción científica se ha analizado las principales tendencias en gamificación, como práctica mediada por la tecnología en las aulas de las diferentes etapas educativas, a través de 137 documentos alojados en la base de datos Scopus y publicados en la última década. En los resultados se revela que el número de documentos se ha incrementado notablemente en los últimos años; sin embargo, el impacto en las prácticas digitalizadas de aula sigue siendo escaso, exceptuando algunos casos. Se destaca que el peso del continente europeo es notable en este campo, si lo comparamos con el americano o el asiático. Y también que la mayoría de las publicaciones se sitúan en Primaria, existe un cierto equilibrio entre asignaturas científicas y humanísticas y los dispositivos de preferencia son las tabletas. Concluimos apuntando contrastar sistemáticamente estudios por etapas y reflexionar sobre las estrategias educativas en el contexto de la sociedad digital.
The Financial Markets: Between Publics and Multitudes. A Sociological Contribution to Markets from Gabriel Tarde’s Viewpoint
Authors: Sanchez Maria Soledad
Published: December 2019

This paper reflects on the dynamics of today’s financial markets in the light of two concepts — publics and multitudes — which were developed by the sociologist Gabriel Tarde at the end of the 19th Century. Each of the concepts reveals a different way of structuring social links among individuals. We consider that Tarde’s concepts let us: (1) stress the communicative dimension of today’s financial markets, placing currents of opinion at the core of speculative activity in the creation and assignment of value to monetary flows and other financial instruments; (2) hypothesise that financial markets articulate the logic of ‘publics’ (or audiences). These markets are virtually, globally connected, spreading currents of opinion that link financial experts and ordinary folk. They also link the multitudes (giving rise to ‘bubbles’, key social-temporal moments, and e-valuations through community links among professional agents — all features that can pave the way to a crisis).

The paper’s point of departure is a review of present theories on Market Sociology. It then delves into the contributions that the concepts of ‘public’ and ‘multitude’ make in shedding light on financial dynamics and hence on the Sociology of Finance.
In vitro Evaluation of Bacterial Endophytes for Biocontrol of Pythium aphanidermatum and Plant Growth Promotion in Setaria italica L. Grown in Seedling Trays
Authors: Reddy M. Raveendra , Shivaprakash M. K. , Adithya S.
Published: December 2019

An investigation study was carried to test the ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from small millets as a biocontrol agent against the fungal pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum, the causal organism of sheath blight in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) grown in seedling trays under greenhouse conditions. In total twelve bacterial endophytes were isolated out of which six isolates produced β -1, 3 glucanases, 11 isolates produced chitinases and 12 isolates produced siderophores under in-vitro conditions. All these bacterial endophytic isolates inhibited mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum in plate assay and liquid culture and the highest percent inhibition of mycelium was recorded in KMS5 (44.44%) followed by KMS1 (38.89%). In seedling trays, BMR7 and KMS5 (81.66%) had recorded the highest percent germination followed by KMS1 (79.62%) and KMS1 and KMS5 took 10.85 and 10.55 days respectively for 50% seed germination compared to control (13.50 days) which was treated with pathogen alone. Lowest pre-emergence disease incidence was noticed in KMS5 (14.03%) followed by KMS1 (16.18%) whereas T1 (Control) recorded maximum pre-emergence disease incidence (39.82%) was observed. Least post-emergence disease incidence (11.36) and biocontrol efficacy (68.74%) was recorded with KMS5. Apart from showing antagonistic activity, KMS5 had recorded a significantly higher seedling vigor index (2712.97), root length (18.12 cm), shoot length (15.10 cm), root dry weight (0.158 g) and shoot dry weight (0.76 g) compared to other bacterial endophytic isolates.
Hierarchical Engineering of Porous P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 Nanofibers Assembled by Nanoparticles Enables Superior Sodium‐Ion Storage Cathodes
Authors: Liu Yongchang , Shen Qiuyu , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Jian , Liu Xiaobin , Wang Tianshi , Zhang Ning , Jiao Lifang , Chen Jun , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: November 2019

Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs) are appealing cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) by virtue of their facile 2D Na+ diffusion paths and high theoretical capacities but suffer from poor cycling stability. Herein, taking P2‐type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 as an example, it is demonstrated that the hierarchical engineering of porous nanofibers assembled by nanoparticles can effectively boost the reaction kinetics and stabilize the structure. The P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 nanofibers exhibit exceptional rate capability (166.7 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C with 73.4 mA h g−1 at 20 C) and significantly improved cycle life (≈81% capacity retention after 500 cycles) as cathode materials for SIBs. The highly reversible structure evolution and Ni/Mn valence change during sodium insertion/extraction are verified by in operando X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The facilitated electrode process kinetics are demonstrated by an additional study using the electrochemical measurements and density functional theory computations. More impressively, the prototype Na‐ion full battery built with a Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 nanofibers cathode and hard carbon anode delivers a promising energy density of 212.5 Wh kg−1. The concept of designing a fibrous framework composed of small nanograins offers a new and generally applicable strategy for enhancing the Na‐storage performance of layered TMO cathode materials.
Soft Ring‐Shaped Cellu‐Robots with Simultaneous Locomotion in Batches
Authors: Ren Tanchen , Chen Pu , Gu Longjun , Ogut Mehmet Giray , Demirci Utkan
Published: November 2019

Untethered mini‐robots can move single cells or aggregates to build complex constructs in confined spaces and may enable various biomedical applications such as regenerative repair in medicine and biosensing in bioengineering. However, a significant challenge is the ability to control multiple microrobots simultaneously in the same space to operate toward a common goal in a distributed operation. A locomotion strategy that can simultaneously guide the formation and operation of multiple robots in response to a common acoustic stimulus is developed. The scaffold‐free cellu‐robots comprise only highly packed cells and eliminate the influence of supportive materials, making them less cumbersome during locomotion. The ring shape of the cellu‐robot contributes to anisotropic cellular interactions which induce radial cellular orientation. Under a single stimulus, several cellu‐robots form predetermined complex structures such as bracelet‐like ring‐chains which transform into a single new living entity through cell–cell interactions, migration or cellular extensions between cellu‐robots.
Self‐Regulating Cross‐Linked Graphene Oxide Membranes with Stable Retention Properties over a Wide pH Range
Authors: Zhao Guoke , Zhu Hongwei
Published: November 2019

To extend the effective working range of porous membranes is highly desirable for membrane applications. Here, graphene oxide (GO) based membranes capable of retaining stable retention properties with varying pH are reported. The self‐adjustable properties of GO based membranes are realized by coupling with pH‐responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) molecules via a facile vacuum filtration process. With decreasing pH, the shrinkage of the molecular chains of PAA decreases the interlayer spacing of PAA/GO membranes, which compensates for the weakened Donnan effect in acidic conditions, leading to the stable retention properties of the membranes over a wide pH range. With PAA introduced, the laminated structure of the membranes is well preserved while the membrane thickness is slightly increased. PAA endows the membranes with obvious self‐alteration of pore structure in response to the change of pH. Nanofiltration performance measurements show that the dye retention properties of GO membranes decrease sharply when the pH changes from 9 to 1. However, the rejection rates of PAA/GO membranes could be well retained or even increased in acidic conditions. This work demonstrates that PAA is an effective pH‐sensitive modification material for fabricating GO‐based membranes with stable retention properties under varying pH.
Borinic Acid‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ring‐Opening of 3,4‐ and 2,3‐Epoxy Alcohols with Halides
Authors: Wang Grace , Taylor Mark S.
Published: November 2019

Methods for the regioselective ring‐opening of 3,4‐epoxy alcohols and 2,3‐epoxy alcohols with halide nucleophiles, using a diarylborinic acid catalyst, are disclosed. Ring‐opening occurs at the position proximal to the OH group, an effect ascribed to a catalytic tethering mechanism whereby coordination to the substrate OH group positions the diarylborinic acid to deliver a coordinated halide nucleophile. These methods provide access to halohydrin substitution patterns that were not previously accessible through catalytic epoxide ring‐opening reactions.

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Synergy of Ionic and Dipolar Effects by Molecular Design for pH Sensing beyond the Nernstian Limit
Authors: Tseng Chiao‐Wei , Wen Chenyu , Huang Ding‐Chi , Lai Chin‐Hung , Chen Si , Hu Qitao , Chen Xi , Xu Xingxing , Zhang Shi‐Li , Tao Yu‐Tai , Zhang Zhen
Published: November 2019

Knowledge of interfacial interactions between analytes and functionalized sensor surfaces, from where the signal originates, is key to the development and application of electronic sensors. The present work explores the tunability of pH sensitivity by the synergy of surface charge and molecular dipole moment induced by interfacial proton interactions. This synergy is demonstrated on a silicon‐nanoribbon field‐effect transistor (SiNR‐FET) by functionalizing the sensor surface with properly designed chromophore molecules. The chromophore molecules can interact with protons and lead to appreciable changes in interface dipole moment as well as in surface charge state. In addition, the dipole moment can be tuned not only by the substituent on the chromophore but also by the anion in the electrolyte interacting with the protonated chromophore. By designing surface molecules to enhance the surface dipole moment upon protonation, an above‐Nernstian pH sensitivity is achieved on the SiNR‐FET sensor. This finding may bring an innovative strategy for tailoring the sensitivity of the SiNR‐FET‐based pH sensor toward a wide range of applications.
Progress and Challenges Toward the Rational Design of Oxygen Electrocatalysts Based on a Descriptor Approach
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Liu Hui , Chen Haijun , Du Xiwen , Zhang Bin , Hong Zhanglian , Sun Shuhui , Wang Weichao
Published: November 2019

Oxygen redox catalysis, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is crucial in determining the electrochemical performance of energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cells, metal–air batteries,and electrolyzers. The rational design of electrochemical catalysts replaces the traditional trial‐and‐error methods and thus promotes the R&D process. Identifying descriptors that link structure and activity as well as selectivity of catalysts is the key for rational design. In the past few decades, two types of descriptors including bulk‐ and surface‐based have been developed to probe the structure–property relationships. Correlating the current descriptors to one another will promote the understanding of the underlying physics and chemistry, triggering further development of more universal descriptors for the future design of electrocatalysts. Herein, the current benchmark activity descriptors for oxygen electrocatalysis as well as their applications are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to circumventing the scaling relationship of oxygen‐containing intermediates. For hybrid materials, multiple descriptors will show stronger predictive power by considering more factors such as interface reconstruction, confinement effect, multisite adsorption, etc. Machine learning and high‐throughput simulations can thus be crucial in assisting the discovery of new multiple descriptors and reaction mechanisms.
Transient Electronic Depletion and Lattice Expansion Induced Ultrafast Bandedge Plasmons
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Wang Meng , Tang Fawei , Zhang Huanzhen , Fu Yulan , Liu Dong , Song Xiaoyan
Published: November 2019

Strong optical excitation of plasmonic nanostructures may induce simultaneous interband and intraband electronic transitions. However, interaction mechanisms between interband, intraband, and plasmon‐band processes have not been thoroughly understood. In particular, optical‐heating‐induced lattice expansion, which definitely leads to shift of the Fermi level, has not been taken into account in plasmonic studies. Here, it is shown that plasmonic bandedge shift is responsible for the optical modulation on the boundary between plasmonic electron oscillation and interband transitions via investigations on gold nanofilms and nanoparticles. Strong optical excitation induces transient depletion of the conduction band just below the Fermi level through intraband transitions, while the subsequent lattice heating induces transient thermal expansion and hence lowers the Fermi level. Both effects reduce the threshold for interband transitions and therefore push the plasmonic bandedge to the red. These discoveries introduce a first correlation between plasmonic response and optical excitation induced thermal expansion of lattices. The revealed Fermi‐level adjustment mechanism allows alignment of electronic levels at the metal–semiconductor interfaces, which applies to all conductive materials and renders reliable physics for the design of plasmonic or optoelectronic devices.
Artificial Inclusion Bodies for Clinical Development
Authors: Sánchez Julieta M. , López‐Laguna Hèctor , Álamo Patricia , Serna Naroa , Sánchez‐Chardi Alejandro , Nolan Verónica , Cano‐Garrido Olivia , Casanova Isolda , Unzueta Ugutz , Vazquez Esther , Mangues Ramon , Villaverde Antonio
Published: November 2019

Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are mechanically stable protein particles in the microscale, which behave as robust, slow‐protein‐releasing amyloids. Upon exposure to cultured cells or upon subcutaneous or intratumor injection, these protein materials secrete functional IB polypeptides, functionally mimicking the endocrine release of peptide hormones from secretory amyloid granules. Being appealing as delivery systems for prolonged protein drug release, the development of IBs toward clinical applications is, however, severely constrained by their bacterial origin and by the undefined and protein‐to‐protein, batch‐to‐batch variable composition. In this context, the de novo fabrication of artificial IBs (ArtIBs) by simple, cell‐free physicochemical methods, using pure components at defined amounts is proposed here. By this, the resulting functional protein microparticles are intriguing, chemically defined biomimetic materials that replicate relevant functionalities of natural IBs, including mammalian cell penetration and local or remote release of functional ArtIB‐forming protein. In default of severe regulatory issues, the concept of ArtIBs is proposed as a novel exploitable category of biomaterials for biotechnological and biomedical applications, resulting from simple fabrication and envisaging soft developmental routes to clinics.
Band Engineering and Majority Carrier Switching in Isostructural Donor–Acceptor Complexes DPTTA‐FXTCNQ Crystals (X = 1, 2, 4)
Authors: Liang Yingying , Qin Yunke , Chen Jie , Xing Weilong , Zou Ye , Sun Yimeng , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: November 2019

Three isostructural donor–acceptor complexes DPTTA‐FXTCNQ (X = 1, 2, 4) are investigated experimentally and theoretically. By tuning the number of F atoms in the acceptor molecules, the resulting complexes display a continuous down shift of the valence band maximum, conducting band minimum, and optical bandgap. The majority carriers convert from hole (DPTTA‐F1TCNQ), balanced hole, and electron (DPTTA‐F2TCNQ) to electron (DPTTA‐F4TCNQ). This result shows that band engineering can be realized easily in the donor–acceptor complex systems by tuning the electron affinity of the acceptor. The bandgaps of these three complexes vary from 0.31 to 0.41 eV; this narrow bandgap feature is crucial for achieving high thermoelectric performance and the unintentional doping in DPTTA‐F4TCNQ leads to the effective suppression of the bipolar cancelling effect on the Seebeck coefficient and the highest power factor.
Vapor–liquid equilibria of HFC‐161 + HFC‐32 + DMF ternary mixture for low‐grade heat driven absorption refrigeration system
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Mou Yue , Han Xiaohong , Li Yuebing , Xu Liangfeng , Chen Guangming
Published: November 2019

Ternary mixture of fluoroethane (HFC‐161) + difluoromethane (HFC‐32)  + N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) is a promising working fluid for absorption refrigeration system which is an important energy saving technology receiving more and more attention. Investigation on vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) is necessary for further study and the application in absorption system of the ternary mixture. Therefore, an experimental system with continuous vapor‐phase circulation is set up, measuring VLE data within temperature range of 283.15 to 323.15 K. The experimental data is correlated with Wilson and NRTL models, and BP‐ANN method, respectively. The calculating data of Wilson model has the largest relative deviation of 5.14% and average relative deviation of 2.65% for vapor pressure, being the best one. The deviation of molar fraction data obtained with BP‐ANN model has the best average relative deviation 3.07%. However, NRTL model provides a smooth predicted surface. The correlated parameters of the three models are given.
A Step Toward Mandatory ADR in English Courts
Authors: Little Richard M. , Abdel‐Hakam Ahmed
Published: November 2019

Alternative dispute resolution has been seen in England as a consensual process since the 1998 Civil Procedure Rules gave ADR much greater prominence. Neither a party nor the court could impose an ADR process, although clear judicial “encouragement” to parties was not unknown.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Pallidonigroluysian Degeneration: A Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Ito Junko , Shimizu Hiroshi , Ohta Kentaro , Idezuka Jiro , Tanaka Hajime , Kondo Hiroshi , Nakajima Takashi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Akazawa Kohei , Onodera Osamu , Kakita Akiyoshi
Published: November 2019

Objective

The pallidonigroluysian (PNL) system, the primary component of corticosubcortical circuits, is generally spared in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We evaluated the clinicopathological features of an unusual form of ALS with PNL degeneration (PNLD) and assessed whether ALS with PNLD represents a distinct ALS subtype.

Methods

From a cohort of 97 autopsied cases of sporadic ALS with phosphorylated 43kDa TAR DNA‐binding protein (TDP‐43) inclusions, we selected those with PNLD and analyzed their clinicopathological features.

Results

Eleven cases (11%) that showed PNLD were divided into 2 subtypes depending on the lesion distribution: (1) extensive type (n = 6), showing widespread TDP‐43 pathology and multisystem degeneration, both involving the PNL system; and (2) limited type (n = 5), showing selective PNL and motor system involvement, thus being unclassifiable in terms of Brettschneiderʼs staging or Nishihiraʼs typing of ALS. The limited type showed a younger age at onset and predominant PNLD that accounted for the early development of extrapyramidal signs. The limited type exhibited the heaviest pathology in the subthalamus and external globus pallidus, suggesting that TDP‐43 inclusions propagated via indirect or hyperdirect pathways, unlike ALS without PNLD, where the direct pathway is considered to convey TDP‐43 aggregates from the cerebral cortex to the substantia nigra.

Interpretation

The PNL system can be involved in the disease process of ALS, either nonselectively as part of multisystem degeneration, or selectively. ALS with selective involvement of the PNL and motor systems exhibits unique clinicopathological features and TDP‐43 propagation routes, thus representing a distinct subtype of ALS. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:302–312
Dimethyl Dihydroacridines as Photocatalysts in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers
Authors: Buss Bonnie L. , Lim Chern‐Hooi , Miyake Garret M.
Published: November 2019

Development of photocatalysts (PCs) with diverse properties has been essential in the advancement of organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O‐ATRP). Dimethyl dihydroacridines are presented here as a new family of organic PCs, for the first time enabling controlled polymerization of challenging acrylate monomers by O‐ATRP. Structure–property relationships for seven PCs are established, demonstrating tunable photochemical and electrochemical properties, and accessing a strongly oxidizing2PC.+intermediate for efficient deactivation. In O‐ATRP, the combination of PC, implementation of continuous‐flow reactors, and promotion of deactivation through addition of LiBr are critical to producing well‐defined acrylate polymers with dispersities as low as 1.12. The utility of this approach is established through demonstration of the oxygen‐tolerance of the system and application to diverse acrylate monomers, including the synthesis of well‐defined di‐ and triblock copolymers.
Remote Perfluoroalkyl Substituents are Key to Living Aqueous Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Schnitte Manuel , Scholliers Janine S. , Riedmiller Kai , Mecking Stefan
Published: November 2019

In various nickel(II) salicylaldiminato ethylene polymerization catalysts, which are a versatile mechanistic probe for substituent effects, longer perfluoroalkyl groups exert a strong effect on catalytic activities and polymer microstructures compared to the trifluoromethyl group. This effect is accounted for by a reduced electron density on the active sites, and is also supported by electrochemical studies. Thus, β‐hydride elimination, the key step of chain transfer and branching pathways, is disfavored while chain‐growth rates are enhanced. This enhancement occurs to an extent that enables living polymerizations in aqueous systems to afford ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene for various chelating salicylaldimine motifs. These findings are mechanistically instructive as well as practically useful for illustrating the potential of perfluoroalkyl groups in catalyst design.