bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transnational organized crime as a modern phenomenon: definitions and main features
Authors: Tkachova Olena
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the current situation in the world from the standpoint of the spread of such a negative phenomenon as transnational organized crime. It has been proven that by reducing the time of entry into another country, and in EU countries also by eliminating the need for customs control, it is easier for criminals not only to quickly and unhindered to get, so to speak, to another part of the hemisphere, but also to move, hide or hide goods, weapons, etc. In addition, a powerful impetus to criminal activity was given by globalization, the development of modern technologies, in particular, methods, techniques, programs used in modern banking, facilitated the implementation of international criminal agreements, and the electronics revolution gave criminals, including criminal organizations, access to new means and methods of obtaining funds.It is substantiated that transnational organized crime is one of the highest levels of criminal evolution, a qualitatively new form of crime organization, their antisocial, illegal activities go beyond the territory and jurisdiction of one state, and the subjects are sustainable criminal organizations, whose activities and spheres of influence applies not to one but to several countries, neighboring states, regions, etc. They operate in different regions of the world, have a certain specialization, use various methods, techniques (blackmail, intimidation, corruption schemes), and are united by a common goal - to obtain a very high (maximum) profit while ensuring minimal risk.
Guilt as a condition of civil liability for violation of copyright and related rights
Authors: Yarkina N. Ye.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the scientific article is due to the changes made to copyright legislation, which established a multiple size of civil liability for violation of copyright and related rights. Such responsibility is atypical for civil law, since it provides for the dependence of its size on the form of guilt of the offender. In the doctrine of civil law and jurisprudence, the presumption of guilt in committing a civil offense is traditionally applied. At the same time, the measures of responsibility are aimed at full compensation for the harm caused, regardless of the form of guilt. Therefore, in civil law there is no normative definition of the forms of guilt. At the same time, in cases on the protection of copyright and related rights, the issue of proving the form of the offender’s guilt acquires special significance. This is necessary to establish the basis for civil liability and its size. For this purpose, based on the study of scientific approaches to understanding the category of guilt, the author of the article formulated criteria for establishing a careless form of guilt in violation of copyright and related rights; the signs indicating the absence of guilt in the actions of the offender have been identified; the characterization of intent when committing a violation of these rights is given. The behavior of the violator, which is deliberately aimed at violating the rights of the copyright holder or deliberately ignoring his rights in order to achieve goals useful for himself, should be defined as guilt in the form of intent. The attitude of the subject to the harm caused to the copyright holder is legally unimportant. Intent should be established with respect to the behavior of the subject at the time of the violation, and not after its completion. The application of the criteria for the form of guilt proposed in the article is aimed at solving practical problems in law enforcement
Activities of anti-corruption bodies of Ukraine in the conditions of today: state and main challenges
Authors: Rozsokha K.O.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the current conditions in which such anti-corruption bodies as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, and the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine have to operate.
Based on the opinions of scientists and experts, it has been established that anti-corruption bodies now face the following challenges: constant pressure from the authorities, irresponsibility of the majority of people's deputies, which makes it very difficult for these bodies to work; most citizens of our state perceive corruption as a relatively simple way to solve problems quickly. Ordinary citizens are accustomed, so to speak, to solving either complex or simple issues (in health care or education institutions, courts and other public institutions) "mainly through bribes to officials of lower levels of government who abuse their official position, using it for the purpose of illegal profit or for other selfish purposes; obvious abuse of power by top officials, misappropriation of state property, land, concealment of wealth. In view of this, corruption has been perceived for many years by scholars and ordinary citizens as perhaps the greatest threat to the progress of socio-economic development of the state, its formation as a democracy.
The problem of combating corruption as one of the most dangerous phenomena of modern Ukrainian society, which has penetrated almost all spheres of life, is extremely acute not only in Ukraine but also in many developed European countries, including Italy, Germany, Great Britain, etc.). It has been proved that anti-corruption bodies have never become independent and autonomous in their activities. They are often pressured by the Prosecutor General's Office, deputies, and interfere in the investigation, which, of course, alarms international partners and civil society
Electronic health care system (e-Health): implementation mechanism and stages of development
Authors: Korobtsova N. V.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes issues related to one of the types of Internet technologies in the field of health care, electronic health care system (e-Health) in Ukraine, components and mechanism of its implementation.
Information rights, the right to access the Internet and the use of innovative technologies in medicine have traditionally been referred to as the "fourth generation of human rights", the emergence of which is due to the realities of the XXI century. The medical reform introduced in Ukraine has focused on the patient in the field of health care. The purpose was to bring medical services closer to the patient, simplify the procedure for their provision (use of telemedicine), "material interest" of doctors in providing services (payment for each patient), which should improve the quality and availability of relevant services.
The concept and content of the electronic health care system as an integral part of health care reform are analyzed. The purpose of which is to assist in establishing a relationship between doctor and patient regarding the proper quality of available (receiving) medical services. The functional capabilities of e-Health, positive aspects and certain "weaknesses" in the mechanism of its implementation are identified.
Some components of the e-Health implementation mechanism are considered, which are: introduction of an electronic form of declarations between patients and family doctors, therapists, pediatricians; translation into electronic form of prescriptions under the program "Available Medicines"; introduction of electronic referrals, which is a part of the program "Free diagnostics"; introduction of electronic hospitals; creation of an electronic patient cabinet.
The ecosystem approach under the Convention on Biological Diversity: a review of decisions of the Conference of the Parties
Authors: Suietnov Ye. P.
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive analysis of the process of formation and development of the ecosystem approach in international environmental law under the Convention on Biological Diversity has been undertaken. Based on a study of the provisions of the Convention and a review of decisions of the meetings of its governing body – the Conference of the Parties – the conclusion is made about the current state of development of the ecosystem approach.
In particular, under the Convention on Biological Diversity, general framework of the ecosystem approach have been developed, including its description, principles and practical guidelines for its application, and its leading role in the conservation of biodiversity has been determined. Undoubtedly, the ecosystem approach generally and its principles particularly require thorough discussion at future meetings of the Conference of the Parties and implementation in appropriate decisions.
At the same time, it is quite obvious that the effectiveness of this approach in the issue of biodiversity conservation will depend primarily on its implementation in the state environmental policy and legislation of all countries-participants of the Convention and its practical realization, which, according to the author, should become one of the priority and strategic directions in the field of legal regulation of environmental relations in Ukraine.
Problematic issues of submitting of counterclaims in International centre for settlement of investment disputes
Authors: Serdiuk Olexandr Vasiliovich , Grabchak Georgiy Viktorovich
Published: December 2021

The counterclaim institute is one of crucial legal defense options during the dispute settlement in domestic and international jurisdictions; investment arbitration is not an exception. The most famous dispute settlement platform is International centre for settlement of investment disputes (ICSID). One of the key ideas of establishment of such a dispute settlement instrument was an implementation of autonomous and objective system of Investor-states dispte sttlement (ISDS) by the “independent forum”. While procedural rights of ISDS parties are conceptually equal.
However, the concept of equal procedural rights of ISDS parties has not been translated into reality. Notwithstanding the fact that the counterclaim institute is an important instrument of ensuring the objectivity and comprehensiveness of the dispute settlement, tribunal`s approaches are “restrictive” and “cautious”.Taking into account that States are “perpetual respondent” in ICSID, problematic issues of submitting of counterclaims influence the realization of interest of the State in ICSID.
Problematic issues of submitting of counterclaims clearly show the imbalance of the exercise of procedural rights by the respondent-state.The article is intended to draw the attention of readers to problematic issues of submitting of counterclaims in ICSID and on the alternative view of the isuue.
National interests of the state and the possibility of restricting the right to freedom of speech: the question of correlation
Authors: Chernysh R. , Osichnyuk L.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the possibility of restricting the right to freedom of speech in order to protect the national interests of the state. An analysis of normative legal acts prohibiting the dissemination of destructive information, such as calls for a violent change in the constitutional order of Ukraine, the outbreak of aggressive war, incitement to national, racial or religious hatred, etc.
The right to freedom of expression is not absolute and may be limited. The article substantiates the criteria for state intervention in the information sphere, which allow limiting the dissemination of destructive information and preserving democratic values. Such criteria include the legality of the procedure, the legality of the purpose and the minimum amount of intervention.
The article considers the existing mechanisms in Ukraine to respond to harmful informational influences. The law provides for liability for disseminating false information at several levels: civil, administrative and criminal. At the same time, these mechanisms are insufficient, as the concepts of «misinformation», «fake», etc. are not normatively defined. The article describes the state policy to combat destructive information influence. The bases of activity of state bodies created for the purpose of counteraction to dissemination of misinformation and propaganda are considered, namely the Center of counteraction of misinformation at Council of National Security and Defense of Ukraine and the Center of Strategic Communications and Information Security at the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy.
The strategies of the state on counteraction to harmful information influence are analyzed. The Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine is considered, which clarifies the basics of the state information policy in the direction of counteracting the destructive information influence of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the hybrid war unleashed by it. The main provisions of the Information Security Strategy, which defines the general principles of information security, are also considered.
The strategies of the state on counteraction to harmful information influence are analyzed. The Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine is considered, which clarifies the basics of the state information policy in the direction of counteracting the destructive information influence of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the hybrid war unleashed by it. The main provisions of the Information Security Strategy, which defines the general principles of information security, are also considered.
Reliability analysis of complex water distribution systems: the role of the network connectivity and tanks
Authors: Berardi L. , Laucelli D. , Ciliberti F. , Bruaset S. , Raspati G. , Selseth I. , Ugarelli R. , Giustolisi O.
Published: December 2021

A reliable water distribution network (WDN) can provide an adequate supply service to customers under both normal and abnormal working conditions. The WDN reliability analysis, therefore, is a keystone to improve the supply service efficiency. Strategies for reliability analysis are usually proved on small WDNs, which do not compare with large real complex systems in terms of number of water tanks, pressure reduction valves, variable speed pumps, controlled devices and possible alternative water supply schemes. The topological changes due to pipeline interruptions impact on emptying–filling of water tanks and network pressure status. This work proposes a two-level procedure for mechanical reliability assessment, suited for large real WDNs. It leverages a path/connectivity-based approach to set up reliability indicators for global-level analysis and local screening of the most critical scenarios. The employed advanced hydraulic model includes the automatic detection of topological changes and the robust modelling of water level in tanks using the generalized global gradient algorithm. The extended period simulation enables the reliability assessment of alternative water supply schemes and the sensitivity of tanks and controlled devices to single failure events. The procedure is demonstrated on a real complex network, being consistent with the ongoing digital transition in the WDN management sector.
How Hurricane Katrina influenced the design of hurricane protection and risk reduction systems and national approaches to risk and resilience. Part 2: Designing the Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System and resulting long-term engineering guidance and practice changes
Authors: Link Lewis E.
Published: December 2021

Following Hurricane Katrina, the US Army Corps of Engineers, supported in part by the risk and reliability analysis conducted by the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET), made a major shift from ‘protection’ to ‘risk reduction’ as the principal goal in flood mitigation. The mitigation of the flood risk in Southeast Louisiana was embodied in the design and construction of the ‘Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System’, the post-Katrina initiative for New Orleans flood mitigation. It also spawned a major overhaul of many of the Corps of Engineers’ technical guidance and engineering practice documents, incorporating risk as a key measure in the planning and design processes. The criteria applied for the design of the HSDRRS are discussed, with summaries of the associated major changes in Corps engineering guidance and practice relevant to flood mitigation.
What is Culturology?
Authors: Kasperski Edward
Published: December 2021

Culturology is a distinct reflection on culture that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century, whereas the so-called cultural turn in the humanities (the turn that became aware of its cultural background and foundation) became the impetus for its development. The article tries to clarify what the term in question entails, what is the subject of its research, what kind of theoretical assumptions it makes in relation to its subject and what specific learning goals it faces. One of the key questions of culturology concerns culture, it asks about its limits, about the variance of its forms in space and time, and about the extent to which they form − despite differences − a community, unity and a whole. The article emphasizes on one hand the dynamic, processual and creative nature of culture, and on the other its openness, consequently proving the utopian character of aspirations to establish once and for all an unchangeable ‘essence’ of culture as well as its timeless determinants and systemic framework. The article consists of three parts: 1) Context, subject and characteristics of culturology, 2) Delimitations of culture, 3) Acceleration, literacy, multiculturalism, culturalism.
The Story of One Theme – on the Relationship Between Jewellery and Archi
Authors: Wrześniak Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

The hereby text is a short study on the relationship between architecture and jewellery. In the first part, it presents the history of occurrence of architectural forms in jewellery from antiquity to present day in the European culture. The second part delivers the examples of contemporary artefacts, particularly rings with microarchitecture. The analysis of the collected examples proves that architecture – its form, construction and detail − is a motive of decoration willingly used in jewellery design, often of a symbolic meaning related to the household or the temple (wedding rings, ritual rings). Nowadays, especially in the 21st century, microarchitecture in jewellery often emerges with reference to the place of origin, i.e. the famous building being, most frequently, the commemoration of a journey, able to bring back the memory of a visited city. The architectural jewellery, whose meanings and functions are the subject of the hereby study, has undergone many transformations throughout history. Even though it has transitioned from simple to complicated and decorative forms, from precious and rare to cheap and popular objects of mass production presenting the miniature replicas of buildings, the jewellery nearly always symbolises the city. Much less often the jewellery design occurs with reference to the metaphorical meanings of buildings as a representation of permanency (the tower in Alessandro Dari’s jewellery) or marital union (the house and the temple in Jewish rings).
Environmental impact on the natural resources of an area affected by mining activity in Bolivia: a geochemical evaluation of soils and sediments
Authors: Acosta José A. , Muñoz Mª Ángeles , Gabarrón María , Martínez-Martínez Silvia
Published: December 2021

The current methods used in Bolivia to extract gold using the amalgamation process with mercury result in environmental contamination and a risk to human health. The objective of this study was to determine Hg, As, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in soils and sediments from three mining districts. Results showed As and Hg concentrations were higher in the topsoil than in the sub-surface soils in the Sunchullí-Viscachani area, indicating active As/Hg atmospheric deposition, where concentrations exceeded the threshold levels. In addition, concentrations of Cd and Zn largely exceeded the threshold levels in the Katantica and Sural mining districts. In addition, the Sunchullí and Viscachani lagoon sediments were contaminated by Hg, As, Cd, Zn and Cu, whilst Katantica lagoon showed high concentrations of Zn, Cd and Hg, and high levels of As, Zn and Cu were reported in the Sural lagoon. Our results showed that the Cu, Pb, As and Hg concentrations in sediments in the Sunchullí river; As, Hg and Cu in the Pelechuco river, and As and Hg in the Rayo Rojo river all come from direct mine discharges into the rivers. These high concentrations of metals and metalloids must cause an impact on the aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, there is a need to study the availability and speciation of metals and metalloids in soils and sediments to better understand the cycling of these elements and their transfer to the food chain.
Natural instability phenomena in granitic rock masses: slopes in decomposed granite, boulder fields and irregular large granitic boulders
Authors: Alejano Leandro R. , Pérez-Rey Ignacio , Estévez-Ventosa Xián , Muñiz-Menéndez Mauro , Arzúa Javier
Published: December 2021

Based on the experience gathered by the authors, this article presents a review of the instability phenomena typically associated to natural slopes in granite terrains, focusing on conditions encountered in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the region of Galicia, characterized by a very humid oceanic climate with high rainfall. Accordingly, a brief introductory review of geomorphological aspects of granitic terrains is presented, in which different slope morphologies are defined that can give rise to varied instability phenomena. Three types of potentially unstable slope environments are defined, namely high areas with large ellipsoidal shaped individual granite boulders, mid-slope regions formed by groups of average size granitic boulders and mild slopes formed by highly or completely decomposed granite, locally known as ‘jabre’. In all these cases, the weathering of granite materials plays an important role, so we briefly explain how the granite rock masses are weathered and eventually eroded. Subsequently, and for each of these three cases, the authors present a typical description of the phenomena to be studied, the characteristic instability mechanisms observed and that need to be analyzed and the most appropriate characterization techniques to be applied. A case study concerning the stability analysis of a particular scenario of every type of instability phenomenon is then presented.
Evolution of moisture in tailings dams located in arid climates. Case study: Castaño Viejo mine, San Juan, Argentina
Authors: Garino Libardi Lucas , Oldecop Luciano
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the results obtained in geotechnical exploration campaigns carried out in mining tailings dams resulting from the extraction process of lead, zinc and copper. The studied dams have been abandoned for more than half a century and are located in the Andes Mountains, San Juan, Argentina, an area characterized by water deficit regimens. The observation of degrees of saturation, which is surprisingly high in the internal zones of the tailings dams, led to a long-term field experiment (plot test) to investigate the observed behaviour. Based on the results of the plots test, we have concluded that stratigraphy controls the evolution of the water stored with the tailings. Clay and silty layers develop high degrees of saturation due to the capillary barrier effect, whilst the interlayers of sand dry up to a residual saturation condition. This situation inhibits the capillary rise and the diffusion of vapour, thus isolating the interior of the tailings from the atmosphere. It was observed that the depth of the active layer is 10 to 35 cm for evaporation and 35 to 75 cm for infiltration in the plot experiment. Such asymmetry determines a net flow of water into the system, which is consistent with the generation and conservation of a high degree of saturation within the tailings.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antiproliferative Activity of Galloyl Derivatives
and Investigation of Cytotoxic Properties in HepG2/C3A Cells
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo Juliano , Formagio Anelise Samara Nazari , dos Santos Rafael Claudino , de Freitas Raquel Oliveira Nascimento , Foglio Mary Ann , de Carvalho João Ernesto , Ruiz Ana Lucia Tasca Góes , Pessatto Lucas Roberto , Baranoski Adrivanio , Biazi Bruna Isabela , Mantovani Mário Sérgio , Kassuya Candida Aparecida Leite , de Oliveira Junior Pedro Cruz
Published: December 2021

Background:

Appropriate substituents in the galloyl group could lead to significant biological properties.

Objective:

Novel galloyl-substituted compounds bearing 2-substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 5-substituted-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, and carboxamide groups were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Additionally, galloyl hydrazide (2) was evaluated by performing cytotoxicity, membrane integrity, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays in HepG2/C3A cells.

Methods:

General procedure was used for the synthesis of galloyl-substituted (3-9, 11) and characterized by their spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR). The antiproliferative activity of all novel galloyl derivatives was evaluated against nine human tumors and one nontumoral cell line. Three response parameters (GI50, TGI, and LC50) were calculated. The cytotoxicity test was performed for the resazurin assay. The membrane integrity, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays were performed by flow cytometry.

Results:

The substitution of the methoxy group of the galloyl ring system for a carboxamide group (3, 4, 5, and 6) produced compounds with moderate antitumoral activity, particularly 6, against six human cancer cell lines, K-562, PC-3, NCI-ADR/RES, OVCAR, 786-0 and NCI-H460, with GI50 values ≤ 9.45 μg/mL. Triazole derivatives 7 and 8 exhibited higher antitumoral activity toward OVCAR, MCF-7 and leukemia K-562 cell lines, exhibiting GI50 values less than 10 μg/mL. Compound 11 displayed significant activity against PC-3 (GI50 = 4.31 μg/mL), OVCAR (GI50 = 8.84 μg/mL) and K-562 (GI50 = 8.80 μg/mL) cell lines. Galloyl hydrazide (2) had cytotoxic activity in HepG2/C3A cells (IC50 = 153.7 μg/mL). In membrane permeability, cell count, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays, as determined using the IC50 of compound (2) in HepG2/C3A cells, increased membrane permeability, decreased cell count, altered cell cycle, and initial apoptosis was observed compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

Thus, our results showed for the first time the synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and cytotoxicity of galloyl-substituted compounds. Galloyl-substitution does not have a very strong synergistic effect in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation compared with galloyl hydrazide (2). Compound 2 demonstrated promising activity in HepG2/C3A hepatocarcinoma cells.
Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Based on Platinum-gold Bimetal Decorated
Graphene Modified Electrode for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Specific tlh Gene Sequence
Authors: Yan Lijun , Shi Fan , Zhang Jingyao , Niu Yanyan , Huang Lifang , Huang Yuhao , Sun Wei
Published: December 2021

Background:

By using bimetal nanocomposite modified electrode, the electrochemical
DNA biosensor showed the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, rapid response and convenient
operation, which was applied for disease diagnosis, food safety, and biological monitoring.

Objective:

A nanocomposite consisting of platinum (Pt)-gold (Au) bimetal and two-dimensional
graphene (GR) was synthesized by hydrothermal method, which was modified on the surface of
carbon ionic liquid electrode and further used for the immobilization of probe ssDNA related to
Vibrio parahaemolyticus tlh gene to construct an electrochemical DNA sensor.

Method:

Potassium ferricyanide was selected as electrochemical indicator, cyclic voltammetry was
used to study the electrochemical behaviours of different modified electrodes and differential pulse
voltammetry was employed to test the analytical performance of this biosensor for the detection of
target gene sequence.

Results:

This electrochemical DNA biosensor could detect the Vibrio parahaemolyticus tlh gene
sequence as the linear concentration in the range from 1.0×10-13 mol L-1 to 1.0×10-6 mol L-1 with
the detection limit as 2.91×10-14 mol L-1 (3σ).

Conclusion:

This proposed electrochemical DNA biosensor could be used to identify the special
gene sequence with good selectivity, low detection limit and wide detection range.
Analytical Techniques for the Analysis of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Biological Matrices: A Review
Authors: Amir Mohammad , Narula Puneet , Bano Farzana
Published: December 2021

Background:

Lopinavir and Ritonavir are protease inhibitor type of anti-retroviral
drugs. Both are used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This paper reviews many analytical methods
for the analysis of LPV and RTV in pharmaceutical formulations (tablet, capsule, syrup, and bulk)
and biological fluids (human plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, rat plasma, and human hair).

Objective:

The study aims to summarize various analytical techniques, such as chromatography
and spectrophotometry, and also hyphenated techniques, such as LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS, for
the analysis of Lopinavir and Ritonavir.

Method:

The review deals with comprehensive details regarding the type of various analytical
techniques, such as spectroscopy (UV), chromatography (RP-HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC), and hyphenated
techniques, i.e., LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS, for the analysis of lopinavir and ritonavir.
These techniques are either explored for the quantification and detection of metabolite or for stability
studies of the LPV and RTV.

Conclusion:

The studies presented revealed that the HPLC technique along with spectroscopy
have been most widely used for the analysis. Out of the developed methods, hyphenated UPLCMS
and LC-MS are very sensitive and help in the easy estimation of drugs compared to other
techniques. This review may provide comprehensive details to the researchers working in the area
of analytical research of LPV and RTV.
Plastic Folding of Bar Stocks of Round and Barrel-Shaped Sections
Authors: Zhelezkov O.S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Research has been carried out on the process of plastic folding of bar stocks with round and barrel-shaped cross-sections. The dependence of the movement of the movable tool on the bending angle has been established. The force parameters of the deformation process and the stress-strain state in the bending workpiece are determined based on the results of finite element modeling of plastic bending.
The Use of Polymer Materials in the Composition of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Pugin K.G.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The research presented in the article shows the possibility of using some polymer materials in the composition of asphalt concrete. The analysis of scientific works in the field of asphalt concrete design shows the efficiency of using plastic waste to obtain asphalt concrete with specified physical, mechanical and operational properties. This technology allows not only to reduce the amount of accumulated plastic waste, but also to improve the condition of highways by increasing the strength of asphalt concrete. Polymers PP and LDPE were selected for the study. As PP samples, we used a nonwoven material used for the production of disposable medical masks, which is suitable for creating linear or dispersed reinforcement of asphalt concrete. LDPE was used as the second polymer sample. The obtained asphalt concrete samples differ from the traditional composition by their increased compressive strength at high temperatures while maintaining plasticity at low temperatures.
Change in Properties of Bitumen Used for Road Construction in Bitumineral Mixtures
Authors: Pugin K.G.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Premature destruction of asphalt concrete can be caused by the aging of bitumen, which is associated with a change in the physical and chemical properties of bitumen. The article shows that in most cases, the improvement of the characteristics of asphalt concrete is achieved through the introduction of additives that affect the basic properties of the bituminous binder, such as penetration, softening temperature, viscosity. The influence of the chemical composition of the mineral filler on the rate of bitumen aging has been experimentally proved. The obtained research data show that the increase in the rate of aging of bitumen is influenced by the compounds of silicon and aluminum. On the other hand, metals such as iron and titanium contribute to the preservation of the initial plasticity of bitumen, and the accumulation of asphaltenes in the structure of the bitumen-mineral mixture slows down.
On the Chemical Heterogeneity of Austenite in Maraging Steel
Authors: Makhneva T.M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The change of Ni-, Cr-, Cu- contents in maraging steel composition occurring on heating in the subcritical and intercritical interval has been studied by the X-ray spectral microanalysis. Heating in the temperature range from 490 to 550C has resulted in increasing of Ni- Cu- concentrations in the 1iquation austenite when the latter is present in the steel structure as a consequence of several reasons (the large ingot, low level of forging reduction ratio, etc.). The significant enrichment of surface layers of austenite inclusions may probably occur if there are great differences between interphase and intraphase diffusion rates. By varying the thermal treatment and thus the Ni-diffusion in austenite it is possible to create austenite layers with different Ni-contents within a grain or massive martensite and it is also possible to control the material properties.
Elastomeric Composites Surface Structure Study by Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Kornev Y.V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. New elastomeric composites were synthesized with filler particles from rice husk products both in micro and sub-micron sizes. The obtained composites surface structure was investigated by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The application as a prospective strengthening sub-micron sizes filler for the composite complexes creation with high elastic and strength properties have been shown.
Oscillatory Changes in Structural Characteristics in Multicomponent Ceramics, YBCO
Authors: Kodess B.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The structural characteristics of samples of a four-component superconducting material (YBCO) after exposure to X-ray irradiation during a long time are investigated. The effect of X-ray beam processing on angular positions (corresponding parameters of the crystal lattice) and the width of Bragg reflections is established. The phenomenon of oscillatory behavior in the unit cell dimension with long-time irradiation is found. The analysis of the profiles of reflection also demonstrates the presence of reversible changes phase composition with the exposure time. The observed phenomena reflect the presence of a nontrivial and specific process of compression and expansion of the unit cell due to the accumulation and then disengagement outside of ionized oxygen, which is formed under such irradiation exposure on the surface of the samples.
The Pusher as an Object of the Simulation Model in the Tasks of Studying Cyclic Mechanisms Dynamics
Authors: Telegin V.V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The cyclic mechanism is one of the basic automatic machines components. It is the cyclic mechanisms that define the performance and reliability limits of these machines. The methods for assessing the automatic machines reliability are based on data of dynamic forces acting on the mechanism's links, leading to their deformation and possible destruction under certain operating conditions. Simulation modeling of dynamic processes in cyclic mechanisms is based on its representation in the form of interconnected typical objects, the allowable properties and limits of which are known. The article presents the dynamics study results one of the basic high-speed automatic machines mechanism in the object-oriented representation. Mechanism performs translational motion and allows the possibility of one-way kinematic connection breaking.
Investigation of Structure and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Metal in Different Zones of Welded Trunk Pipelines Made of X80 Strength Grade Steel
Authors: Putilova E.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The development of trunk pipelines network, taking into accont their operation in difficult climatic conditions, leads to the creation and the development of non-destructive testing methods to control the stress-strain state of the pipe itself, as well as welded joints. This work presents the results of studies of the microstructure, as well as the mechanical and magnetic characteristics of the metal cut from different zones of the welded joint of X80 strength class pipe steel.
Features of the Grinding Technology with the Use of Nanomodified Coolant
Authors: Artemov I.I.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The results of the analysis of the possibility of constructing a system for ensuring the quality of mechanical engineering parts by nanomodification of the surface layer are presented. The implementation is considered on the example of grinding technologies with nanomodified lubricating coolant. Mathematical models describing the process of creating conditions for nanomodification of the surface layer and algorithms for practical implementation are presented.
Оценка влияния икосаэдрических "магических" чисел на термическую стабильность малых нанокластеров серебра
Authors: Рыжкова Д.А. , Гафнер С.Л. , Гафнер Ю.Я.
Published: December 2021

A comparative analysis of thermally induced structural transitions in silver nanoclusters, the number of atoms of which corresponded to the “magic” numbers of the icosahedral (Ih) structure with variation of their initial morphology, was carried out by the molecular dynamics method using the modified tight-binding potential TB-SMA. It is shown that, in the case of the initial fcc phase, the formation of the Ih modification, depending on the particle size, occurred either at the stage of preliminary thermal relaxation or during further heating. At the initial amorphous morphology, the nature of the structural transitions underwent significant changes. Thus, even in the case of Ag55 clusters, the icosahedral structure was formed only in 50-60% of the experiments performed. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that to create a stable Ih structure, it is necessary to use the thermal cycling procedure.
О возможности введения примеси железа в узлы A в SrTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Случинская И.А. , Лебедев А.И.
Published: December 2021

The local environment and oxidation state of the Fe impurity in strontium titanate are studied using XAFS spectroscopy. The influence of annealing temperature and deviation from stoichiometry on the possibility of incorporation of the impurity into the A and B sites of the perovskite structure is studied. The results obtained from the X-ray diffraction, XANES spectra, and EXAFS spectra suggest that at high annealing temperature the iron atoms, at least partially (up to 30%), enter the A sites in SrTiO3. The obtained results agree with results of first-principles calculations, according to which the iron at the A site exhibits strong off-centering (the displacement of ~1 Angstrom), similar to that previously established in SrTiO3 samples doped with Mn and Co.
Влияние дейтерирования на фазовые переходы в (NH-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-VOF-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-
Authors: Богданов Е.В. , Бондарев В.С. , Горев М.В. , Молокеев М.С. , Флёров И.Н.
Published: December 2021

The (ND4)3VOF5 crystal was grown with a high degree of deuteration (D ~ 92%). Structural and thermophysical studies have been carried out, the parameters of phase transitions have been determined. It was found that the deuteration of the ammonium cation in (NH4)3VOF5 led to a change in the chemical pressure, which was accompanied by an increase in the unit cell volume and an increase in the phase transition temperatures. The baric coefficients dTi / dp were determined and the phase T-p diagram (ND4)3VOF5 was constructed. A decrease in the temperature stability of the initial cubic phase Fm 3m in (ND4)3VOF5, as well as a wedging out of the intermediate monoclinic phase at a lower pressure as compared to (NH4)3VOF5, was found.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR ULAŞIMDA SERA GAZI ETKİSİNİ AZALTMAYA YÖNELİK ÇALIŞMALAR
Authors: DEMİRTÜRK Duygu
Published: December 2021

Ulaşım sektörü; çevre, toplum ve ekonomi üzerinde yarattığı küresel etkileri sebebiyle sürdürülebilirlik üzerine çalışılması gereken sektörlerin başında gelmektedir. Ulaşımda sürdürülebilirlik kavramının ortaya çıkışı, sera gazı emisyonundaki aşırı artışın bir sonucudur. Öyle ki ülkelerin bu artışı kısıtlamaya ve önlemeye yönelik düzenlediği sözleşmeler, protokoller ve çalışmalar da bu konuyu desteklemektedir. Çalışmalarda, sera gazı emisyonuna birincil sebep olarak aşırı fosil yakıt kullanımı gösterilmekte olup karayolu ulaşımının bu kullanımında payının oldukça yüksek olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Bu sebeple literatürdeki sürdürülebilir ulaşım çalışmaları, ağırlıklı olarak fosil yakıt kullanımının azaltılmasına yönelik olup bu çalışmada yol yapım aşamasından başlanarak bu sürecin yürütülmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bir başka ifadeyle ulaşımda sürdürülebilirliğin bütüncül bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyduğu belirtilmektedir. Çalışmada, özellikle Çin ve Amerika Birleşik Devleti gibi dünya genelinde sera gazı salınımında ilk sırada olan ülkelerin bu konuya dair çalışmalarına yer verilmiş olup başlıca önlemleri özet olarak sunulmaktadır. Son olarak, ülkemizde sera gazını azaltmaya dair yaklaşımların var olup olmadığından ve ülkemizin sürdürülebilir ulaşımdaki yerinden bahsedilmektedir.
Use of the McIsaac Score to Predict Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Outpatient Nurse Phone Triage and Electronic Visits Compared With In-Person Visits: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Pecina Jennifer L , Nigon Leah M , Penza Kristine S , Murray Martha A , Kronebusch Beckie J , Miller Nathaniel E , Jensen Teresa B
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The McIsaac criteria are a validated scoring system used to determine the likelihood of an acute sore throat being caused by group A streptococcus (GAS) to stratify patients who need strep testing.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to compare McIsaac criteria obtained during face-to-face (f2f) and non-f2f encounters.

METHODS

This retrospective study compared the percentage of positive GAS tests by McIsaac score for scores calculated during nurse protocol phone encounters, e-visits (electronic visits), and in person f2f clinic visits.

RESULTS

There was no difference in percentages of positive strep tests between encounter types for any of the McIsaac scores. There were significantly more phone and e-visit encounters with any missing score components compared with f2f visits. For individual score components, there were significantly fewer e-visits missing fever and cough information compared with phone encounters and f2f encounters. F2f encounters were significantly less likely to be missing descriptions of tonsils and lymphadenopathy compared with phone and e-visit encounters. McIsaac scores of 4 had positive GAS rates of 55% to 68% across encounter types. There were 4 encounters not missing any score components with a McIsaac score of 0. None of these 4 encounters had a positive GAS test.

CONCLUSIONS

McIsaac scores of 4 collected during non-f2f care could be used to consider empiric treatment for GAS without testing if significant barriers to testing exist such as the COVID-19 pandemic or geographic barriers. Future studies should evaluate further whether non-f2f encounters with McIsaac scores of 0 can be safely excluded from GAS testing.
Short-Video Apps as a Health Information Source for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Information Quality Assessment of TikTok Videos (Preprint)
Authors: Song Shijie , Xue Xiang , Zhao Yuxiang Chris , Li Jinhao , Zhu Qinghua , Zhao Mingming
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the most critical public health problems worldwide. Because many COPD patients are using video-based social media to search for health information, there is an urgent need to assess the information quality of COPD videos on social media. Recently, the short-video app TikTok has demonstrated huge potential in disseminating health information and there are currently many COPD videos available on TikTok; however, the information quality of these videos remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the information quality of COPD videos on TikTok.

METHODS

In December 2020, we retrieved and screened 300 videos from TikTok and collected a sample of 199 COPD-related videos in Chinese for data extraction. We extracted the basic video information, coded the content, and identified the video sources. Two independent raters assessed the information quality of each video using the DISCERN instrument.

RESULTS

COPD videos on TikTok came mainly from two types of sources: individual users (n=168) and organizational users (n=31). The individual users included health professionals, individual science communicators, and general TikTok users, whereas the organizational users consisted of for-profit organizations, nonprofit organizations, and news agencies. For the 199 videos, the mean scores of the DISCERN items ranged from 3.42 to 4.46, with a total mean score of 3.75. Publication reliability (P=.04) and overall quality (P=.02) showed significant differences across the six types of sources, whereas the quality of treatment choices showed only a marginally significant difference (P=.053) across the different sources.

CONCLUSIONS

The overall information quality of COPD videos on TikTok is satisfactory, although the quality varies across different sources and according to specific quality dimensions. Patients should be selective and cautious when watching COPD videos on TikTok.