bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary protein and lifespan across the metamorphic boundary: protein-restricted larvae develop into short-lived adults
Authors: Runagall-McNaull A. , Bonduriansky R. , Crean A. J.
Published: June 2015

Restriction of nutrients in the adult diet extends lifespan across a diverse range of species, but less is known about the long-term effects of developmental dietary restriction. In particular, it is not known whether adult lifespan is influenced by developmental caloric restriction or macronutrient balance. We used the nutritional geometry approach to independently manipulate protein and carbohydrate contents of the larval diet in the neriid fly, Telostylinus angusticollis, and measured adult lifespan. We found that adult male and female lifespan was shortest when larvae were fed a protein restricted diet. Thus, protein restriction in the larval diet has the opposite effect of protein restriction in the adult diet (which prolongs life in this species and across a wide range of taxa). Adult lifespan was unaffected by larval dietary carbohydrate. These patterns persisted after controlling for larval diet effects on adult body size. We propose that larval and adult protein sources are used for distinct metabolic tasks: during development, dietary protein is used to build a durable soma that enhances adult lifespan, although excessive protein consumption partially reverses this effect.
Fluorescence sensor arrays for identification of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Mungkarndee Radeemada , Tumcharern Gamolwan , Thiramanus Raweewan , Techakriengkrai Ittipon , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol
Published: June 2015

A fluorescence sensor array containing polyelectrolyte fluorophores has been developed for foodborne pathogen detection and identification.
In situ SERS detection of multi-class insecticides on plant surfaces
Authors: Hou Ruyan , Pang Shintaro , He Lili
Published: June 2015

An in situ SERS method was developed to detect insecticides on plant surfaces.
Solid phase extraction and spectrofluorometric determination of leached bisphenol A from some polycarbonate products under simulated use conditions using surface molecularly imprinted magnetite nanospheres
Authors: Madrakian Tayyebeh , Afkhami Abbas , Vanaei Ehsan , Ahmadi Mazaher
Published: June 2015

Solid phase extraction of leached bisphenol A from some polycarbonate products using surface molecularly imprinted nanospheres.
Unimolecular micelles of amphiphilic cyclodextrin-core star-like block copolymers for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Xu Zhigang , Liu Shiying , Liu Hui , Yang Cangjie , Kang Yuejun , Wang Mingfeng
Published: June 2015

Amphiphilic star-like block copolymers form robust biocompatible unimolecular micelles that are efficient in the delivery of anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin.
Structured Ni catalysts on porous anodic alumina membranes for methane dry reforming: NiAl2O4formation and characterization
Authors: Zhou L. , Guo Y. , Basset J.-M. , Kameyama H.
Published: June 2015

This communication presents the successful design of a structured catalyst based on porous anodic alumina membranes for methane dry reforming.
Hierarchical porous anatase TiO2 derived from a titanium metal–organic framework as a superior anode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Xiu Zhiliang , Alfaruqi Muhammad Hilmy , Gim Jihyeon , Song Jinju , Kim Sungjin , Thi Trang Vu , Duong Pham Tung , Baboo Joseph Paul , Mathew Vinod , Kim Jaekook
Published: June 2015

Hierarchical meso-/macroporous anatase TiO2 was synthesized by the hydrolysis of a titanium metal–organic framework precursor followed by calcination in air.
New insights into the formation mechanism of Ag, Au and AgAu nanoparticles in aqueous alkaline media: alkoxides from alcohols, aldehydes and ketones as universal reducing agents
Authors: Gomes Janaina F. , Garcia Amanda C. , Ferreira Eduardo B. , Pires Cleiton , Oliveira Vanessa L. , Tremiliosi-Filho Germano , Gasparotto Luiz H. S.
Published: June 2015

Alkoxide from alcohols, aldehydes and ketones in alkaline medium is the actual and universal reducing agent of silver and gold ions.
Charge collection enhancement by incorporation of gold–silica core–shell nanoparticles into P3HT:PCBM/ZnO nanorod array hybrid solar cells
Authors: Wang Ting-Chung , Su Yen-Hsun , Hung Yun-Kai , Yeh Chen-Sheng , Huang Li-Wen , Gomulya Widianta , Lai Lai-Hung , Loi Maria A. , Yang Jih-Sheng , Wu Jih-Jen
Published: June 2015

The charge collection and the efficiency of P3HT:PCBM/ZnO nanorod array hybrid solar cells are improved by the incorporation of gold–silica core–shell nanoparticles.
An enriched electroactive homoacetogenic biocathode for the microbial electrosynthesis of acetate through carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Mohanakrishna Gunda , Seelam Jai Sankar , Vanbroekhoven Karolien , Pant Deepak
Published: June 2015

In the direction of generating value added chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction through microbial electrosynthesis (MES), considering the crucial impact of the electrode material for the biofilm development and electron delivery, an attempt was made in this study to evaluate the efficiency of two different materials as biocathodes and their respective output in terms of electrosynthesis. The electrode material is a key component in the MES process. Several electrodes such as platinum, graphite foil, dimentionally stable anode (DSA) and graphite rod, and VITO-CoRE™ derived electrodes were tested for their suitability for ideal electrode combination in a three electrode cell setup. Bicarbonates (the dissolved form of CO2) was reduced to acetate by a selectively developed biocathode under a mild applied cathodic potential of −400 mV (vs.SHE) in 500 mL of single chamber MES cells operating for more than four months. Among the two electrode combinations evaluated, VITO-CoRE™-PL (VC-IS, plastic inert support) as the cathode and VITO-CoRE™-SS (VC-SS, stainless steel metal support) as the counter electrode showed higher production (4127 mg L−1) with a volumetric production rate of 0.569 kg per m3per d than the graphite rod (1523 mg L−1) with a volumetric production rate of 0.206 kg per m3per d. Contrary to the production efficiencies, the coulombic efficiency was higher with the second electrode combination (40.43%) than the first electrode combination (29.91%). Carbon conversion efficiency to acetate was higher for VC-IS (90.6%) than the graphite rod (82.0%).
CO2 capture systems based on saccharides and organic superbases
Authors: Carrera G. V. S. M. , Jordão N. , Branco L. C. , Nunes da Ponte M.
Published: June 2015

In this report, novel systems, based on highly abundant saccharides, d-mannose, d-glucose, β-cyclodextrin, alginic acid and mannitol, in combination with an organic superbase, tetramethylguanidine (TMG) or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), are studied for carbon dioxide capture. With d-mannose and d-glucose, several ratios of equivalents of alcohol groups of saccharide : superbase were tested: 1, 0.625, 0.5 and 0.25. High wt% values of CO2 uptake were obtained with TMG-based systems. However, TMG itself can react directly with CO2, and, in the presence of d-mannose, competition between carbonate and carbamate based products was established. In order to circumvent this competition and obtain exclusively the carbonate-based product, DBU was used instead as an organic superbase. In the d-mannose series the highest result was obtained with a d-mannose : DBU ratio eq. = 0.625 (13.9% CO2 uptake, 3.3/5 alcohol groups converted into carbonates). A more effective stirring system, designed to overcome the high viscosity of the products, allowed the use of a d-glucose : DBU = 1 : 1 ratio with 11.5 wt% of CO2 uptake and 2.47/5 alcohol groups converted into carbonates. Additionally a DSC thermal study was performed in order to study the stability/reversibility of the CO2 loaded systems.
CO2-enhanced extraction of acetic acid from fermented wastewater
Authors: Reyhanitash E. , Zaalberg B. , IJmker H. M. , Kersten S. R. A. , Schuur B.
Published: June 2015

Extraction of acetic acid from solutions mimicking fermented wastewater was boosted up to seven times by applying CO2pressures up to 40 bar.
Characterization of host response to Cryptococcus neoformans through quantitative proteomic analysis of cryptococcal meningitis co-infected with HIV
Authors: Selvan Lakshmi Dhevi N. , Sreenivasamurthy Sreelakshmi K. , Kumar Satwant , Yelamanchi Soujanya D. , Madugundu Anil K. , Anil Abhijith K. , Renuse Santosh , Nair Bipin G. , Gowda Harsha , Mathur Premendu P. , Satishchandra Parthasarathy , Shankar S. K. , Mahadevan Anita , Keshava Prasad T. S.
Published: June 2015

Brain proteome profile of cryptococcal meningitis co-infected with HIV.
Compressible elastomeric aerogels of hexagonal boron nitride and single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Joo Jeong Yeon , Islam Mohammad F.
Published: June 2015

Coating highly fragile aerogels of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) made composite aerogels mechanically robust and elastomeric while retaining their ultracompressibility.
Suspended monolayer graphene under true uniaxial deformation
Authors: Polyzos Ioannis , Bianchi Massimiliano , Rizzi Laura , Koukaras Emmanuel N. , Parthenios John , Papagelis Konstantinos , Sordan Roman , Galiotis Costas
Published: June 2015

A new methodology is described here for the true uniaxial deformation of suspended monolayer graphene.
Liquid–solid spinodal decomposition mediated synthesis of Sb2Se3 nanowires and their photoelectric behavior
Authors: Kwon Yong Hun , Jeong Myoungho , Do Hyun Woo , Lee Jeong Yong , Cho Hyung Koun
Published: June 2015

Vertically inclined Sb2Se3 nanowires were synthesized from the Sb/Sb–Se/Se stacked elemental layer only by thermal annealing at 623 K.
Environmental performances of hydrochar-derived magnetic carbon composite affected by its carbonaceous precursor
Authors: Zhu Xiangdong , Qian Feng , Liu Yuchen , Zhang Shicheng , Chen Jianmin
Published: June 2015

Strong linear correlations were obtained between hydrochar properties and the environmental performances of its derived magnetic carbon composites.
Effect of acid functionalised carbon supports for Pd–Ni–Sn catalyst on ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Jongsomjit S. , Sombatmankhong K. , Prapainainar P.
Published: June 2015

The reduction method was used to prepare catalysts on carbon black (CB), functionalised carbon black (CBsn), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and functionalised MWCNTs (MWCNTsn) to improve the catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation reaction.
Effect of different solvent ratio (ethylene glycol/water) on the preparation of Pt/C catalyst and its activity toward oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Yan-Jie , Zhao Nana , Fang Baizeng , Li Hui , Bi Xiaotao T. , Wang Haijiang
Published: June 2015

Particle size and distribution of 50 wt% Pt/C can be determined by the volume ratio of EG/H2O in the synthesis.
CeO2 hollow nanospheres synthesized by a one pot template-free hydrothermal method and their application as catalyst support
Authors: Xu Yuanmei , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Yuming , Xiang Sanming , Wang Qianli , Zhang Chao , Sheng Xiaoli
Published: June 2015

Uniform ceria hollow nanospheres composed of ceria nanocrystals have been synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal method without using any template.
Improvement of the flame retardancy of wood-fibre/polypropylene composites with ideal mechanical properties by a novel intumescent flame retardant system
Authors: Guan Ya-Hui , Liao Wang , Xu Zhao-Zan , Chen Ming-Jun , Huang Jian-Qian , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: June 2015

To improve the flame retardancy and maintain the ideal mechanical properties of the widely used wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composite, a novel intumescent flame retardant system consisting of PTPA and APP was developed.
A simple and economical method using graphene oxide for the fabrication of water/oil separation papers
Authors: Qin Hongyi , Gong Tao , Cho Yujin , Shin Cheolmin , Lee Changgu , Kim Taesung
Published: June 2015

Thermally reduced graphene oxide transforms regular paper from hydrophilic to hydrophobic.
Carbon-mediated fabrication of core–shell structured SnO2@TiO2 nanocomposites with excellent photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Haijiao , Ying Minxia , Gao Renmei , Hu Le , Jiao Zheng , Zhu Xuedong
Published: June 2015

A carbon-mediated hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabrication of core–shell structured SnO2@TiO2 nanocomposites with excellent photocatalytic performance.
Ultrasensitive tactile sensors based on planar liquid crystal-gated-organic field-effect transistors with polymeric dipole control layers
Authors: Seo Jooyeok , Song Myeonghun , Han Hyemi , Kim Hwajeong , Lee Joon-Hyung , Park Soo-Young , Kang Inn-Kyu , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: June 2015

Liquid crystal-gated-organic field-effect transistors with polymeric dipole control layers can sense extremely low gas flows unfelt by human skins.
Effect of fixed carbon molecular sieve (CMS) loading and various di-ethanolamine (DEA) concentrations on the performance of a mixed matrix membrane for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Nasir Rizwan , Mukhtar Hilmi , Man Zakaria , Shaharun Maizatul Shima , Abu Bakar Mohamad Zailani
Published: June 2015

Polyethersulfone (PES) as a polymer along with carbon molecular sieves (CMS) as an inorganic filler and di-ethanolamine (DEA) as the third component were used to fabricate amine mixed matrix membranes (A3Ms).
An efficient and metal free synthesis of benzylpyridines using HI through the deoxygenation reaction
Authors: Chandrasekar Selvaraj , Karthikeyan Iyyanar , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: June 2015

An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of benzylpyridines has been developed using aqueous hydroiodic acid in acetic acid.
Nitroxide-coated silver nanoparticles: synthesis, surface physicochemistry and antibacterial activity
Authors: Gozdziewska Magdalena , Cichowicz Grzegorz , Markowska Katarzyna , Zawada Katarzyna , Megiel Elżbieta
Published: June 2015

We report the synthesis of well-defined silver nanoparticles with high antibacterial activity. Nitroxides on their surface may be oxidized under the influence of ROS to oxoammonium ions which are capable of interacting with bacterial membrane.
Mesostructure-tunable and size-controllable hierarchical porous silica nanospheres synthesized by aldehyde-modified Stöber method
Authors: Zhang Anfeng , Gu Lin , Hou Keke , Dai Chengyi , Song Chunshan , Guo Xinwen
Published: June 2015

Mesostructure-fine-tuned and size-controlled hierarchical porous silica nanospheres were synthesized by aldehyde-modified Stöber method in the TEOS–CTAB–NH3·H2O–aldehyde system.
Retracted Article: Amino acid derived highly luminescent, heteroatom-doped carbon dots for label-free detection of Cd2+/Fe3+, cell imaging and enhanced antibacterial activity
Authors: Karfa Paramita , Roy Ekta , Patra Santanu , Kumar Sunil , Tarafdar Abhrajyoti , Madhuri Rashmi , Sharma Prashant K.
Published: June 2015

Highly fluorescent carbon dots derived from amino acid showing multifunctional behavior: photocatalytic activity, cell imaging, heavy metal ions sensing and antibacterial property.
Bi-axially oriented polystyrene/montmorillonite nanocomposite films
Authors: Huang Wenhan , Zeng Songshan , Liu Jingjing , Sun Luyi
Published: June 2015

Polystyrene (PS)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite films were prepared by bi-axially stretching compounded and extruded PS/MMT nanocomposite sheets, resulting in an improved level of exfoliation and orientation during stretching.
Controlling ring-chain tautomerism through steric hindrance
Authors: García-Deibe Ana M. , Portela-García Cristina , Fondo Matilde , Sanmartín-Matalobos Jesús
Published: June 2015

Adequate substituents can favour/hinder, the tautomerisation of Schiff bases into tetrahydroquinazolines, by means of strong/weak H bonds.
Correlating flat band and onset potentials for solar water splitting on model hematite photoanodes
Authors: Iandolo Beniamino , Zhang Haixiang , Wickman Björn , Zorić Igor , Conibeer Gavin , Hellman Anders
Published: June 2015

Increasing oxidation time during fabrication of hematite (Fe2O3) films reduces the amount of grain boundaries, resulting in lower flat band potential and onset potential for water oxidation.
Microwave-assisted and large-scale synthesis of SnO2/carbon-nanotube hybrids with high lithium storage capacity
Authors: Zhang Junting , Zhu Youqi , Cao Chuanbao , Butt Faheem K.
Published: June 2015

The microwave-assisted method is timesaving, cost-effective, high-efficiency and can be accessed under atmospheric condition.
Red-emitting phosphors Na2XF6:Mn4+(X = Si, Ge, Ti) with high colour-purity for warm white-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Zhengliang , Liu Yong , Zhou Yayun , Zhou Qiang , Tan Huiying , Zhang Qiuhan , Peng Jinhui
Published: June 2015

Red hexafluoride phosphors were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. WLEDs fabricated with as-prepared phosphors emit intense warm white-light under 20 mA current excitation. Therefore, they may find application in warm WLEDs.
Preparation of dithizone grafted poly(allyl chloride) core–shell–shell magnetic composite microspheres for solid-phase extraction of ultra-trace levels of Pb(ii), Cu(ii) and Cr(iii) ions
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gao Xiaodi , Xiong Zhichao , Zhang Lingyi , Yu Bohao , Zhang Runsheng , Zhang Weibing
Published: June 2015

The novel dithizone grafted poly(ally chloride) core–shell–shell magnetic microspheres were prepared and applied to simultaneous detection of trace amounts of Pb(ii), Cu(ii) and Cr(iii) ions.
Vibrational properties and bonding nature of Sb2Se3and their implications for chalcogenide materials
Authors: Deringer Volker L. , Stoffel Ralf P. , Wuttig Matthias , Dronskowski Richard
Published: June 2015

There is more to chemical bonding in chalcogenides than the shortest, strongest bonds, as revealed by microscopic quantum-chemical descriptors.
A labelled-ubiquicidin antimicrobial peptide for immediate in situ optical detection of live bacteria in human alveolar lung tissue
Authors: Akram Ahsan R. , Avlonitis Nicolaos , Lilienkampf Annamaria , Perez-Lopez Ana M. , McDonald Neil , Chankeshwara Sunay V. , Scholefield Emma , Haslett Christopher , Bradley Mark , Dhaliwal Kevin
Published: June 2015

A fluorescently labelled ubiquicidin peptide enables bacterial detection in human lung tissuein vitro.
RhI/RhIII catalyst-controlled divergent aryl/heteroaryl C–H bond functionalization of picolinamides with alkynes
Authors: Martínez Ángel Manu , Echavarren Javier , Alonso Inés , Rodríguez Nuria , Gómez Arrayás Ramón , Carretero Juan C.
Published: June 2015

Switchable site-selectivity through catalyst control is achieved in the direct functionalization of picolinamides that contain two distinct C–H sites to construct diverse scaffolds from the same starting material.
A curve-crossing model to rationalize and optimize diarylethene dyads
Authors: Lasorne Benjamin , Fihey Arnaud , Mendive-Tapia David , Jacquemin Denis
Published: June 2015

Extra crossing points play a key role in the photochemistry of diarylethene dyads.
Mesoscopic superstructures of flexible porous coordination polymers synthesized via coordination replication
Authors: Sumida Kenji , Moitra Nirmalya , Reboul Julien , Fukumoto Shotaro , Nakanishi Kazuki , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Furukawa Shuhei , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: June 2015

Monolithic superstructures of two- and three-dimensional flexible frameworks are prepared via coordination replication from a copper hydroxide parent phase.
A molecular dynamics study of bond exchange reactions in covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Yang Hua , Yu Kai , Mu Xiaoming , Shi Xinghua , Wei Yujie , Guo Yafang , Qi H. Jerry
Published: June 2015

A molecular dynamics approach is used to study the network rearrangement in covalent adaptable network polymers through bond exchange reactions where an active unit attaches to an existing bond then kicks off its pre-existing peer to form a new bond.
Hollow zeolite encapsulated Ni–Pt bimetals for sintering and coking resistant dry reforming of methane
Authors: Dai Chengyi , Zhang Shaohua , Zhang Anfeng , Song Chunshan , Shi Chuan , Guo Xinwen
Published: June 2015

The present work provides a general and robust strategy to prepare coke resistant catalysts for dry reforming of CH4.
Polymer lithium–sulfur batteries with a Nafion membrane and an advanced sulfur electrode
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Joseph Jorphin , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2015

A non-porous, cation-selective, lithiated Nafion membrane effectively suppresses the polysulfide-shuttle. The Li–S battery system with the lithiated Nafion membrane exhibits significantly enhanced cyclability compared to the cells with the traditional liquid-electrolyte integrated porous separator.
Intracellular delivery of BSA by phosphonate@silica nanoparticles
Authors: Maddala Sai Prakash , Mastroianni Giulia , Velluto Diana , Sullivan Alice C.
Published: June 2015

Folate receptor mediated delivery of BSA to HeLa cells by a mesoporous phosphonate@silica nanoparticle carrier is described.
An overview of nanotoxicity and nanomedicine research: principles, progress and implications for cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Ye , Santos Abel , Evdokiou Andreas , Losic Dusan
Published: June 2015

The studies of nanomaterial-based drug delivery and nanotoxicity are closely interconnected.
An Investigation Into Supervision Techniques to Support Shy CSD Students
Authors: Reese Pam Britton
Published: June 2015

This article investigates supervision techniques that enabled graduate students who labeled themselves as shy to participate in a summer clinical experience. Through detailed analyses, it is shown how peer collaboration, continued modeling, technology, and humor allowed two shy students to successfully complete the experience. The article proposes that these supervision techniques may help students transcend an intrinsic shyness.
Effective ellipse detector with polygonal curve and likelihood ratio test
Authors: Lu Tingting , Hu Weiduo , Liu Chang , Yang Daguang
Published: June 2015

A robust ellipse detector is proposed. The detector preprocesses the edge map by removing all the isolated points and conjunction points, and exploits polygonal curve to extract the elliptical arcs. A non‐iterative geometric distance computation method is presented to serve a criterion which identifies the elliptical arcs belonging to the same ellipse by likelihood ratio test and fit ellipses to those merged arcs. The authors test their algorithm on both synthetic and real images, and the experimental results show a good performance of their algorithm.
Solving new urban freight distribution problems involving modular electric vehicles
Authors: Aggoune‐Mtalaa Wassila , Habbas Zineb , Ait Ouahmed Amine , Khadraoui Djamel
Published: June 2015

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) have been intensively studied over the past few years. Indeed, a strong strand of research is devoted to aid freight companies or public authorities in making their decisions. Nowadays, new solutions are proposed that take into account new technologies enabling the design of electric vehicles which can be used in new mobility schemes or help fleet owners stay competitive when delivering freight. In this study, the aim is to investigate the innovative concept of modular electric vehicles for goods delivery in cities. More precisely, the vehicles considered in this study can be split into two or several modules which can be let at a dedicated location and retrieved later during a run for charging purposes or to gain agility. The objective is then to address the challenging issues associated with the use of these new modular electric vehicles for urban freight transport. It is a completely new problem integrating both the complexity of the original VRP and specific constraints induced by using modular electric vehicles in urban environment. This study presents a first formulation of this problem together with a complete effective solving approach which shows promising results.
Mass variation of a thin liquid film driven by an acoustic wave
Authors: Batson W. , Agnon Y. , Oron A.
Published: June 2015

In this work, we investigate the dynamics of a thin liquid film subjected to an acoustic field in its bounding vapor space. For large acoustic wavelengths, the field imposes a spatially uniform, temporally periodic temperature and pressure at the vapor side of the film interface, which leads to a periodic driving force for mass exchange with the vapor. Neglecting the dynamics of the vapor space, we adopt the “one-sided” model for evaporation/condensation of thin liquid films. In the interest of determining the effect of oscillatory mass exchange on film stability, we consider films in thermodynamic equilibrium with the mean vapor conditions. The effects of oscillatory phase change on both linear stability and nonlinear dynamics are investigated for slightly inclined ceiling films that are destabilized by gravity and subject to thermocapillary effects. At linear order, this mass exchange is not found to alter the band of unstable wave numbers and only marginally affects the growth rates. Additionally, the mass exchanged during evaporation is balanced by condensation so that the total mass of the liquid film is conserved. However, due to nonlinear effects, we find that traveling waves encouraged by the inclination are subject to net mass loss. It is then found that normal thermocapillary effects enhance this loss, and that anomalous thermocapillarity mitigates or even reverses the loss to a mass gain.
Simultaneous control of the S and A Lamb modes by graded phononic crystal plates
Authors: Jin Yabin , Torrent Daniel , Pennec Yan , Pan Yongdong , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram
Published: June 2015

We propose a theory of gradient index devices in plates that allow the simultaneous control of both S0 and A0 Lamb modes. This is in contrast to the existing approaches that are mainly limited to the manipulation of only the lowest A0 modes. These devices are based on phononic crystal plates, which are studied in the low frequency (homogenization) limit. We demonstrate a direct relationship between the dispersion relation of these two modes in phononic crystal plates that, together with the thickness dependence of the dispersion relation of the A0 mode, allows their simultaneous control. As a matter of illustration, a flat gradient index lens and a circular Luneburg lens are designed by means of the simultaneous variation of the inclusions' radii and the thickness of the plate. Numerical simulations show that the performance of these devices is good for the two modes in a broadband frequency region and that this approach can be used to design more advanced refractive devices for the total control of guided vibrational modes. Potential applications for the detection of small vibrations and energy harvesting devices are finally discussed.
First-principles studies of p-type nitrogen-doped α-Fe2O3-xSx alloys
Authors: Xia Congxin , An Jiao , Jia Yu , Zhang Qiming
Published: June 2015

Based on spin-polarized density functional theory, the characteristics of p-type doping are investigated in the N-doped α-Fe2O3−xSx alloys by means of first-principles methods. Numerical results show that when N substitutes O atom in pure α-Fe2O3, N impurity level is a deeper acceptor state. However, the unoccupied level is much shallower when N doped in the α-Fe2O3−xSx alloys, which indicates N impurity can provide good and effective p-type carriers. These predicted numerical results are interesting and useful to understand the α-Fe2O3−xSx alloys as a new low-cost solar cell material.
Current-perpendicular-to-the-plane magnetoresistance from large interfacial spin-dependent scattering between Co50Fe50 magnetic layer and In-Zn-O conductive oxide spacer layer
Authors: Nakatani T. M. , Childress J. R.
Published: June 2015

We have investigated electrically conductive indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) deposited by magnetron sputtering as spacer layer for current-perpendicular-to-the-plane giant magnetoresistance sensor devices. Spin-valves with a Co50Fe50/IZO/Co50Fe50 trilayer showed resistance-area product (RA) ranging from 110 to 250 mΩ μm2, significantly larger than all-metal structures with Ag or Cu spacers (∼40 mΩ μm2). Magnetoresistance ratios (ΔR/R) of 2.5% to 5.5% depending on the IZO spacer thickness (1.5–6.0 nm), corresponding to ΔRA values from 3 to 13 mΩ μm2, were obtained. The values of ΔRA with the IZO spacers and Co50Fe50 magnetic layers were significantly larger than those with conventional metal spacers and Co50Fe50 magnetic layers (∼1–2 mΩ μm2). The dependence of ΔRA on the magnetic layer thickness suggests that the larger ΔRA obtained with IZO spacer is due to a large interfacial spin-dependent scattering caused by the large specific resistance at the Co50Fe50/IZO interface. From structural characterization by TEM and the observed dependence of the RA dispersion on device size, the electric current flowing through the IZO spacer is thought to be laterally uniform, similar to normal metal spacers.
Ultra low 1/f noise in suspended bilayer graphene
Authors: Kumar Manohar , Laitinen Antti , Cox Daniel , Hakonen Pertti J.
Published: June 2015

We have studied 1/f noise power SI in suspended bilayer graphene devices. Around the Dirac point, we observe ultra low noise amplitude on the order of f*SI/Ib2=10−9. The low frequency noise level is barely sensitive to intrinsic carrier density, but temperature and external doping are found to influence the noise power. In our current-annealed samples, the 1/f noise is dominated by resistance fluctuations at the contacts. Temperature dependence of the 1/f noise suggests the presence of trap states in the contact regions, with a nearly exponential distribution function displaying a characteristic energy of 0.12 eV. At 80 K, the noise displays an air pressure sensitivity that corresponds to ∼0.3 ppm gas detection sensitivity; this indicates the potential of suspended graphene as a platform for gas sensing applications.
Dramatic impact of the giant local magnetic fields on spin-dependent recombination processes in gadolinium based garnets
Authors: Romanov N. G. , Tolmachev D. O. , Gurin A. S. , Uspenskaya Yu. A. , Asatryan H. R. , Badalyan A. G. , Baranov P. G. , Wieczorek H. , Ronda C.
Published: June 2015

A giant magnetic field effect on spin-dependent recombination of the radiation-induced defects has been found in cerium doped gadolinium based garnet crystals and ceramics, promising materials for scintillator applications. A sharp and strong increase in the afterglow intensity stimulated by external magnetic field and an evidence of the magnetic field memory have been discovered. The effect was ascribed to huge Gd-induced internal magnetic fields, which suppress the recombination, and cross-relaxation with Gd3+ ions leading to reorientation of the spins of the electron and hole centers. Thus, the spin system of radiation-induced defects in gadolinium garnet based scintillator materials was shown to accumulate significant energy which can be released in external magnetic fields.
Pitch-angle diffusion of electrons through growing and propagating along a magnetic field electromagnetic wave in Earth's radiation belts
Authors: Choi C.-R. , Woo M.-H. , Dokgo K. , Choi E.-J. , Min K.-W. , Hwang J. , Park Y.-D. , Lee D.-Y.
Published: June 2015

The diffusion of electrons via a linearly polarized, growing electromagnetic (EM) wave propagating along a uniform magnetic field is investigated. The diffusion of electrons that interact with the growing EM wave is investigated through the autocorrelation function of the parallel electron acceleration in several tens of electron gyration timescales, which is a relatively short time compared with the bounce time of electrons between two mirror points in Earth's radiation belts. Furthermore, the pitch-angle diffusion coefficient is derived for the resonant and non-resonant electrons, and the effect of the wave growth on the electron diffusion is discussed. The results can be applied to other problems related to local acceleration or the heating of electrons in space plasmas, such as in the radiation belts.
Perspective gyrotron with mode converter for co- and counter-rotation operating modes
Authors: Chirkov A. V. , Denisov G. G. , Kuftin A. N.
Published: June 2015

A gyrotron oscillator operating efficiently at modes of both rotations was developed and tested. The gyrotron operation can be switched between two modes: co- and counter rotating ones with respect to electron rotation in a resonance magnetic field. A synthesized mode converter provides output of both waves in the form of two different paraxial wave beams corresponding to direction of the mode rotation. Measured gyrotron power (up to 2 MW), interaction efficiency (34%), and diffraction losses in the mode converter (≈2%) agree well with the design values. The proposed gyrotron scheme alloys principal enhancement in the device parameters—possibility of electronic switching of output wave beam direction and possibility to arrange an effective scheme to provide frequency/phase locking of a gyrotron-oscillator.
Tailoring the magnetic anisotropy of CoFeB/MgO stacks onto W with a Ta buffer layer
Authors: Kaidatzis Andreas , Bran Cristina , Psycharis Vasilios , Vázquez Manuel , García-Martín José Miguel , Niarchos Dimitrios
Published: June 2015

The emergence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in CoFeB/MgO stacks deposited on W using a Ta buffer layer is studied as a function of Ta and CoFeB layer thickness and annealing temperature. It is shown that very thin Ta “dusting” layers (thickness between 0.3 and 1 nm) enhance PMA of CoFeB layers grown on top of W. We find that Ta thickness is a crucial factor affecting magnetic anisotropy and it needs to be scaled proportionally to CoFeB thickness for obtaining PMA. Stacks without Ta have in-plane anisotropy, verifying the “PMA-enhancing” role of Ta. The maximum effective PMA energy (3.6×106 erg/cm3) is obtained for a stack with 1.4 nm of CoFeB and 1 nm of Ta and after annealing at 350 °C. Besides, PMA can be obtained even at the as-deposited state for certain thicknesses. This W-based CoFeB/MgO system could enable the development of low power consumption, high density, and non-volatile magnetic memories.
Super-radiant effects in electron oscillators with near-cutoff operating waves
Authors: Bandurkin I. V. , Savilov A. V.
Published: June 2015

Super-radiant regimes in electron oscillators can be attractive for applications requiring powerful and relatively short pulses of microwave radiation, since the peak power of the super-radiant pulse can exceed the power of the operating electron beam. In this paper, possibilities for realization of the super-radiant regimes are studied in various schemes of electron oscillators based on excitation of near-cutoff operating waves (gyrotron and orotron).
Single-nanoparticle detection with slot-mode photonic crystal cavities
Authors: Wang Cheng , Quan Qimin , Kita Shota , Li Yihang , Lončar Marko
Published: June 2015

Optical cavities that are capable for detecting single nanoparticles could lead to great progress in early stage disease diagnostics and the study of biological interactions on the single-molecule level. In particular, photonic crystal (PhC) cavities are excellent platforms for label-free single-nanoparticle detection, owing to their high quality (Q) factors and wavelength-scale modal volumes. Here, we demonstrate the design and fabrication of a high-Q (>104) slot-mode PhC nanobeam cavity, which is able to strongly confine light in the slotted regions. The enhanced light-matter interaction results in an order of magnitude improvement in both refractive index sensitivity (439 nm/RIU) and single-nanoparticle sensitivity compared with conventional dielectric-mode PhC cavities. Detection of single polystyrene nanoparticles with radii of 20 nm and 30 nm is demonstrated in aqueous environments (D2O), without additional laser and temperature stabilization techniques.
Silicate species of water glass and insights for alkali-activated green cement
Authors: Jansson Helén , Bernin Diana , Ramser Kerstin
Published: June 2015

Despite that sodium silicate solutions of high pH are commonly used in industrial applications, most investigations are focused on low to medium values of pH. Therefore we have investigated such solutions in a broad modulus range and up to high pH values (∼14) by use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy and silicon nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si-NMR). The results show that the modulus dependent pH value leads to more or less charged species, which affects the configurations of the silicate units. This in turn, influences the alkali-activation process of low CO2 footprint cements, i.e. materials based on industrial waste or by-products.
Experimental measurement of spatially resolved electron density in a filament of a pulsed positive streamer discharge in water
Authors: Wen Xiao Qiong , Niu Zhi Wen , Hou Bo , Ren Chun-Sheng
Published: June 2015

By combining a high-speed frame camera with a monochromator, the spatially resolved optical emission spectrum of hydrogen α line in a single filament of a pulsed positive streamer discharge in water has been experimentally measured. The spatially resolved electron densities in a single filament of a pulsed positive streamer discharge in water with a conductivity of 200 μS/cm were investigated. During the experiment, the average energy per pulse of discharge was 90.6 ± 13.6 mJ. The results show that the electron density in the streamer filament is 1017–18/cm3, and present a decreasing tendency along the axial direction of the streamer filament with increasing distance from the tip of the anode.
Investigation on gallium ions impacting monolayer graphene
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhao Haiyan , Yan Dong , Pei Jiayun
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the physical phenomena of gallium (Ga+) ion impacting monolayer graphene in the nanosculpting process are investigated experimentally, and the mechanisms are explained by using Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Firstly, the MC method is employed to clarify the phenomena happened to the monolayer graphene target under Ga+ ion irradiation. It is found that substrate has strong influence on the damage mode of graphene. The mean sputtering yield of graphene under 30 keV Ga+ ion irradiation is 1.77 and the least ion dose to completely remove carbon atoms in graphene is 21.6 ion/nm2. Afterwards, the focused ion beam over 21.6 ion/nm2 is used for the irradiation on a monolayer graphene supported by SiO2 experimentally, resulting in the nanostructures, i.e., nanodot and nanowire array on the graphene. The performances of the nanostructures are characterized by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectrum. A plasma plume shielding model is put forward to explain the nanosculpting results of graphene under different irradiation parameters. In addition, two damage mechanisms are found existing in the fabrication process of the nanostructures by using empirical MD simulations. The results can help us open the possibilities for better control of nanocarbon devices.
Printable organic thin film transistors for glucose detection incorporating inkjet-printing of the enzyme recognition element
Authors: Elkington D. , Wasson M. , Belcher W. , Dastoor P. C. , Zhou X.
Published: June 2015

The effect of device architecture upon the response of printable enzymatic glucose sensors based on poly(3-hexythiophene) (P3HT) organic thin film transistors is presented. The change in drain current is used as the basis for glucose detection and we show that significant improvements in drain current response time can be achieved by modifying the design of the sensor structure. In particular, we show that eliminating the dielectric layer and reducing the thickness of the active layer reduce the device response time considerably. The results are in good agreement with a diffusion based model of device operation, where an initial rapid dedoping process is followed by a slower doping of the P3HT layer from protons that are enzymatically generated by glucose oxidase (GOX) at the Nafion gate electrode. The fitted diffusion data are consistent with a P3HT doping region that is close to the source-drain electrodes rather than located at the P3HT:[Nafion:GOX] interface. Finally, we demonstrate that further improvements in sensor structure and morphology can be achieved by inkjet-printing the GOX layer, offering a pathway to low-cost printed biosensors for the detection of glucose in saliva.
Electromagnetic induction by ferrofluid in an oscillating heat pipe
Authors: Monroe J. G. , Vasquez E. S. , Aspin Z. S. , Walters K. B. , Berg M. J. , Thompson S. M.
Published: June 2015

Thermal-to-electrical energy conversion was demonstrated using an oscillating heat pipe (OHP) filled with ferrofluid and equipped with an annular-type solenoid. The OHP was subjected to a 100 °C axial temperature difference allowing the ferrofluid to passively oscillate through the solenoid, thus accomplishing electromagnetic induction. The measured solenoid voltage consisted of aperiodic pulses with dominant frequencies between 2 and 5 Hz and peak-to-peak amplitudes approaching 1 mV. Despite exposure to the thermal and phase change cycling within the OHP, nanoparticle morphologies and magnetic properties of the ferrofluid remained intact. This energy harvesting method allows for combined thermal management and in-situ power generation.
Microreactor-Mediated Benzylic Bromination in Concentrated Solar Radiation
Authors: Kim Young Joon , Jeong Myung Jin , Kim Ji Eun , In Insik , Park Chan Pil
Published: June 2015

Sunlight-induced bromination of benzylic compounds was conducted in a capillary microreactor, resulting in mono-brominated compounds with yields of up to 94 %. These reactions can be considered to be eco-friendly since they were carried out without an artificial light source or additional temperature control. In addition, up to 257.9 mmol could be produced daily using cost-effective molecular bromine, which leads to potential improvement of industrial processes.
Morphometric analysis and developmental comparison of embryos from carriers with balanced chromosomal rearrangements in preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles
Authors: Gui Baoheng , Yao Zhongyuan , Huang Yanru , Mei Libin , Li Yanping , Liu Donge , Liu Nenghui , Xia Yan , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian
Published: June 2015

The morphological parameters of embryos from 22 carriers with balanced chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) were quantified and evaluated to determine their possible link to chromosomal composition. The morphometric characteristics of 168 embryos diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation were measured using an imaging tool and then analysed retrospectively. The mean zygotic diameter of normal–balanced embryos was significantly smaller compared with that of abnormal embryos (P = 0.015). In addition, the reduction in total cytoplasmic volume for Day-3 embryos was significantly lower in normal or balanced embryos than in abnormal embryos (P = 0.027). Moreover, the pronuclear volumes of embryos that failed to reach the blastocyst stage were significantly smaller compared with those of blastocysts (P = 0.016). These findings indicate that morphometric characteristics are correlated with developmental outcomes as well as with chromosomal composition in embryos from balanced CR carriers. However, an effective indicator of developmental outcomes may not accurately reflect chromosomal composition. Combining morphometric and traditional qualitative assessment may increase the precision and standardisation of embryo evaluation as well as contributing to improved efficiency of preimplantation genetic diagnosis by selecting embryos with high developmental potential and preferentially testing embryos predicted to have a low risk of chromosomal imbalance.
Activation and the relation between context and grammar
Authors: García Velasco Daniel
Published: June 2015

Functional Discourse Grammar is characterized as the grammatical component of a wider theory of verbal interaction and is linked to two adjacent components: The Conceptual and the Contextual Components. One general property of these components is that they are not open-ended, but are said to contain only that extra-linguistic information which is relevant for the construction and interpretation of the immediate linguistic expression. In this contribution I explore the relation between context and grammar and I conclude that the FDG’s requirement that the Contextual Component should only contain those features which have a systematic impact on grammar is too strict. In particular, I claim that the Contextual Component is relevant in linguistic usage through speakers’ mental representation of its contents, which could be captured in the Conceptual Component. I further argue that the notions of ‘activation’ and ‘sharedness’ are relevant to understanding the motivation of two syntactic processes, subject raising and extraction from NPs, and should therefore find a place in the model even if they do not always lead to systematic effects. It is finally proposed that these pragmatic dimensions could find their way into the grammar by means of unmarked pragmatic configurations or content frames.
In situ conservation of plant species – an unattainable goal?
Authors: Heywood Vernon H.
Published: June 2015

The conservation of plant species in situ is a complex and multifaceted procedure which involves both the maintenance and management of protected areas and actions targeted at the species and population level. Most effort has been aimed so far at the occurrence and persistence of species in protected areas as a measure of conservation. However, species-level actions such as conservation or recovery plans have been undertaken for only a small percentage of threatened plant species, mostly by a few countries. The reasons for this are complex and involve scientific, social and political considerations. The planning of targets for biodiversity conservation in situ by the Convention on Biological Diversity suffers from a failure to coordinate area-based and species-based actions leading to overlap and confusion. A set of recommendations is given to help remedy the neglect of targeted species conservation.
Multiple context mere exposure: Examining the limits of liking
Authors: de Zilva Daniel , Newell Ben R. , Mitchell Chris J.
Published: June 2015

Recent evidence suggests that increased liking of exposed stimuli—a phenomenon known as the mere exposure effect—is dependent on experiencing the stimuli in the same context at exposure and test. Three experiments extended this work by examining the effect of presenting target stimuli in single and multiple exposure contexts. Target face stimuli were repeatedly paired with nonsense words, which took the role of contexts, across exposure. On test, the mere exposure effect was found only when the target face stimuli were presented with nonsense word cues (contexts) with which they had been repeatedly paired. The mere exposure effect was eliminated when exposure to target face stimuli with the nonsense word cues (contexts) was minimal, despite the overall number of exposures to the target face being equated across single- and multiple-context exposure conditions. The results suggest that familiarity of the relationship between stimuli and their context, not simply familiarity of the stimuli themselves, leads to liking. The finding supports a broader framework, which suggests that liking is partly a function of the consistency between past and present experiences with a target stimulus.