bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underwater Vehicles in the Research Work of Szczecin Universities — Projects
Authors: Graczyk Tadeusz
Published: November 2022

The article presents the development and scope of research work in the early period of interest in deep-sea technology in Poland in the 1980s. The research was carried out at the then Szczecin University of Technology and initially concerned studies of the level of world technology, followed by the construction of experimental unmanned underwater vehicles. The work culminated in the development of designs for manned deep-sea vehicles, the construction of which depended on commissions from the countries of the Eastern Bloc. Political and economic changes resulted in the abandonment of the continuation of work.
Prevalence of Anti-Hav IgG Antibodies in the Population of the Łódź Macroregion by Age Group
Authors: Henrykowska Gabriela , Kotecka Kornelia , Jabłkowska Aleksandra , Buczyński Andrzej , Woźny Joanna
Published: November 2022

Over the last several decades, a gradual decrease in the incidence of hepatitis A and an increase in the population of non-immune people, especially in the group of young people have been observed in Poland. The aim of this study was to assess of the presence of specific anti-hepatitis A virus IgG class antibodies (anti-HAV IgG) in relation to age among non-vaccinated hepatitis A patients. There were statistically significantly more patients up to 45 years of age with anti-HAV IgG negative results than those over 45 years of age, and the Fi-square correlation coefficient (Φ2) was 0.263 between the analyzed variables. The data analysis shows that the number of people with specific IgG antibodies against hepatitis A increases with age. The risk of hepatitis A infection in people under 45 is high due to widespread seronegativity in this age group.
Scientific Diving in Poland and Invitation to the Polish Committee on Scientific Diving
Authors: Bałazy Piotr , Kontny Bartosz , Różycki Janusz , Saniewski Michał , Puczko Dariusz , Pydyn Andrzej
Published: November 2022

Scientific diving (i.e. diving for research purposes organised by universities and research institutes) was excluded from the Act on the performance of underwater works in 2014. With the exception of the introduction of internal regulations at several academic institutions involved in underwater research, to date it remains unregulated at national level. In May this year, an initiative group consisting of six scientific institutions established the Polish Scientific Diving Committee - PKNN. Its aim is to unite Polish institutions using scientific diving in their activities, to represent their interests in the national and international arena, to co-operate and exchange experience, to adopt and develop appropriate standards and procedures, including those relating to safety, and to achieve the future introduction in Poland of regulations fully regulating scientific diving, as well as to support the development of this field of underwater research in Poland.
Current starting position for the development of the Russian economy
Authors: SMIRNOV Valerii V.
Published: November 2022

Subject. The article considers the impact of sanctions on various sectors of the Russian economy.
Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of risks of the Russian economy destabilization.
Methods. The study employs methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analysis.
Results. I highlight important and significant indicators determining the current economic situation in Russia. They include overdue wage arrears, consumer price index, indices of physical volume of GDP and industrial production, funds on escrow accounts of individuals.
Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in the development of programs for structural transformation of the Russian economy.
Improving the enterprise personnel management system
Authors: LANCHAKOV Aleksandr B. , FILIN Sergei A. , KHOLOPTSEVA Kristina A.
Published: November 2022

Subject. We consider problems of improving the efficiency of enterprises.
Objectives. The focus is on making recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of human resource management system of the organization to ensure its innovative development.
Methods. The study employs general scientific research methods.
Results. We established that to improve the efficiency of HR management system, modern companies should review the list of requirements for employees. In a digitalized society, the formation of a cloud-based personnel management system is essential.
Conclusions. Staff development is the most important task of any successful company.
The healthcare effect on the human capital level of the Ural Federal District subjects
Authors: SMIRNOVA Ol'ga P. , CHESNYUKOVA Lyudmila K.
Published: November 2022

Subject. This article discusses policy issues in the field of healthcare.
Objectives. The article aims to determine the impact of the public health system's development on economic advancement.
Methods. For the study, we used a regression analysis.
Results. The article finds that the level of human capital correlates positively with the variable reflecting the development of healthcare, and demonstrates a variety of trends.
Conclusions. It is necessary to augment the human capital in the subjects of the Ural Federal District in various areas, namely, the development of education, public healthcare, and social systems, as well as the development of a food culture and healthy lifestyle.
Ensuring the small business' development sustainability at the regional level: The Amur Oblast case study
Authors: KOLESNIKOVA Ol'ga S.
Published: November 2022

Subject. This article deals with the issues of the total taxable capacity of small business.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the development of small business under the shadow economy.
Methods. For the study, I used the integral and balancing methods, and the graphical statistics method.
Results. The article reveals areas of concern and challenges to sustainable development of small business in the Amur Oblast.
Conclusions. It is necessary to create such conditions for business under which the functioning in the formal economy will be more profitable than in the shadow sector. This will favorably affect the sustainability of the entire Amur Oblast's development.
Trends in the grain supply creation in the regions of Russia as a food security factor
Authors: SHALAEVА Lyudmila V.
Published: November 2022

Subject. This article discusses the issues of grain production and its impact on ensuring food security of Russia.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the trends in the creation and utilization of grain supply of Russia.
Methods. For the study, I used a statistical analysis.
Results. The article describes trends in the production and industrial consumption of grain, its processing, export, and creation of grain supply in different Federal Districts of the Russian Federation.
Conclusions. The results of the study are of practical importance for assessing the implementation and adjustment of the Long-Term Strategy for the Development of the Grain Complex of the Russian Federation.
Health Promoting University Management Program in Realizing The Health Campus Society and Wellbeing in Andalas University 2022
Authors: Fadila Mesa , Putera Roni Ekha , Ariany Ria
Published: November 2022

A Health Promotion University is one of the public programs in an effort to create a healthy campus community in a comprehensive manner. Even though it is new, this program has a strategic and systematic role in the development of the community structure of the university environment. The purpose of this study is to find out how the management of a healthy campus program at Andalas University uses the system approach method by Azrul Azwar with input, process, output, impact indicators. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through document review, observation, interviews, and FGD with purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by codification/reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. Data validity by source triangulation.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  The results of the study indicate that the management of the Andalas Health Promotion University has not been implemented properly based on; (1) program inputs are generally sufficient, both man, money, and material. Weaknesses are found in the method that has not been specifically formulated for program implementation guidelines at Unand, (2) The process has been carried out by Andalas University as a follow-up to the cooperation agreement with the Ministry of Health, but the work program planning has not been completed as a projection in achieving program goals and has not yet been included. in the Unand Strategic Plan. Organizing the Health Promotion University Management Team has been formed since 2019, but its position in the organizational structure at Andalas University is not yet clear, resulting in less effective coordination and communication in program implementation (3) The output of the Health Promotion University program has begun to be produced, but it is still very minimal because there are no program achievement indicators that should be contained in program planning. (4) The impact of this program can not be felt/measured because it is directly related to the output which cannot be obtained optimally.
Serum vitamin D, ferritin, and TSH in patients with telogen effluvium: a retrospective epidemiological study
Authors: Alajaji Abdullah , Almohaimeed Farees , Alsaeed Hamad , Alfadda Turky , Almushayqih Ali , Alghofaili Ferass , Alhammad Saleh , Alhammad Saleh , Alqifari Hana
Published: November 2022

Background: Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common causes of alopecia. It is a non-scarring type of hair loss. TE is mainly diagnosed clinically; however, it can be associated with laboratory abnormalities such as serum ferritin, vitamin D, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thus, screening them in TE patients could potentially improve the treatment outcome. The present study is aimed at assessing serum vitamin D, ferritin, and TSH in patients with TE in the Saudi population.
Methods: A retrospective chart review study was carried out at Qassim University's dermatology clinics. The inclusion criteria included all female patients above the age of 18 years who were diagnosed with TE by one of the consultant dermatologists at Qassim University's clinics and who had at least one of the three laboratory tests: serum ferritin, vitamin D, and TSH level.
Results: Our results indicated that among patients who were diagnosed with TE, the percentage of TE patients with ferritin deficiency was found to be 35.4%. Besides, the percentage of TE patients with vitamin D deficiency was 34.2%, and 8.5% had an abnormal TSH, with 1.5% having a low TSH and 7.0% having high TSH.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of our study, we suggest that serum ferritin and vitamin D should be added to the screening panel of TE patients. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in our study was 7%, which is somewhat similar to the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the general population of about 5%-10%. Thus, we suggest that adding TSH to the TE screening panel is better to be individualized according to the patient's clinical presentation rather than a routine test in all TE patients.
DIALECTIC REGARDINGTHEMEANING OF ABORTUS PROVOCATEURON THE CRIMEOF RAPE VICTIMS
Authors: Satrio Ndaru , Myharto Wiend Sakti , Anwar Muhammad Syaiful
Published: November 2022

The legalization of abortion for rape victims introduces a nuanced discourse encompassing both its substance and application within prevailing ethical and legal frameworks. This research examines this issue from two divergent perspectives: the imperative of safeguarding the rights of rape victims and the ethical considerations surrounding the unborn children conceived through such acts. Employing a normative juridical approach, the author delves into the complexities of abortus provocatus, probing its implications from both angles. From the standpoint of the rape victim, abortus provocatus assumes a pivotal role in shielding them from the traumatic repercussions of the assault. It serves as a crucial mechanism for mitigating the enduring effects of the perpetrator's actions. Conversely, viewed through the lens of Human Rights (HAM), abortus provocatus implicates the fundamental right to life of the fetus, herein referred to as the unborn child. This juxtaposition underscores the intricate ethical dilemmas inherent in addressing the competing rights and interests at play. The author offers pragmatic solutions to potential challenges that may arise. Firstly, there is a pressing need for the harmonization and synchronization of existing regulations, particularly between laws governing healthcare and those upholding human rights. Secondly, legislators are urged to prioritize the paramount interests at stake in such circumstances. The author advocates for prioritizing the human rights of unborn children within the womb. In conclusion, the discourse surrounding the legalization of abortion for rape victims necessitates a nuanced consideration of competing rights and ethical imperatives. By navigating these complexities with a balanced approach, policymakers can strive towards a framework that upholds both the rights of victims and the ethical principles governing the sanctity of life.
The Code of Ethics and Disciplinary Management of Political Parties Member
Authors: Lesen Kausar Jumahir , Muhtadi Muhtadi , Riananda Martha
Published: November 2022

Violation of the law which includes ethical violations is actually an act contrary to the ethical rules of regulations for members of political parties. Still, these violations indicate an increase in public officials from political parties. As such, it is interesting to research how to determine the model of the code of ethics for members of political parties. It includes members of political parties who are involved as well as public officials. The type of research used in this article is normative-empirical with a statutory approach and is supported by field research. The data obtained were then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research and discussion show that the enforcement of the code of ethics and party discipline is carried out through prevention and prosecution efforts. Prevention efforts are carried out through continuous guidance for ordinary members, members, and party cadres by the party honors division at each level of the party leadership council. Meanwhile, efforts to take action are carried out by the party ethics and disciplinary committee formed by the DPP, which is tasked with examining and proving any alleged violations of the party's code of ethics and discipline by party members. The party ethics and disciplinary committee is authorized to examine and provide recommendations on whether party members are guilty of violating the code of ethics and/or party discipline on the basis of reports, complaints, or information.
Definition of The “Minister” in Government Regulation 11/2021 Concerning Village-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Jenar Saptono
Published: November 2022

Government Regulation Number 11 of 2021 concerning Village-Owned Enterprises (GR VOE) is one of the implementing regulations (verordnung or delegated laws and regulations) of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (Job Creation Law). However, there is a different definition regarding the word "Minister" stated under Article 1 number 17 GR VOE with that of the provisions in Article 117 number 1 of the Job Creation Law. Definition of the word "Minister" as referred to in Article 1 number 17 GR VOE is a legal issue when it is viewed from a prescriptive because it indicates a vertical inconsistency. In order to discuss these legal issues, the author uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that definition of the word "Minister" in Article 1 number 17 GR VOE is invalid, because it is not in accordance with its parental act (Job Creation Law) and the principle of lex superiori derogat legi inferiori. Based on the results of the study, the authors suggest that definition of the word "Minister" as referred to in Article 1 number 17 GR VOE needs to be revised in line with Article 117 number 1 of the Job Creation Law.
STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL OF BALOHAN VILLAGE, SUKAJAYA DISTRICT, SABANG CITY AS AGRO-TOURISM
Authors: Nur Intan Simangunsong  , Rini Fitri  , Reza Fauzi
Published: November 2022

The city of Sabang is one of the national and foreign tourist destinations because of thebeauty of the natural panorama and the available infrastructure. Weh Island is also blessedwith agricultural resources so that it has the potential to be developed into an agro-tourismarea. The potential of agro-tourism in Sabang City has not been fully developed and utilizedoptimally. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze physical, biophysicalconditions including facilities, social, economic, and cultural as well as providerecommendations to be developed into agro-tourism. This research was conductedqualitatively and exploratory in nature, using a case study approach. Data collectiontechniques for inventorying physical, social data from sites and infrastructure usingobservation methods equipped with data recording instruments (cameras) to obtaininformation about agro-tourism. Descriptive data analysis and the analysis results obtainedrelated to agro-tourism potential were also analyzed using SWOT (Strenghts, Opportunities,Weaknesses and Threats) analysis. The results showed that Sukajaya District could bedeveloped into agro-tourism because it has the potential of various fruit orchards,horticultural gardens and vegetable gardens. It is necessary to provide educational tourismprograms, recreation, and economic tourism so that they are sustainable by taking intoaccount the ecological system, economic growth, and local socio-cultural.
Terminal Adaptive Guidance for Autonomous Hypersonic Strike Weapons via Reinforcement Metalearning
Authors: Gaudet Brian , Furfaro Roberto
Published: November 2022

An adaptive guidance system suitable for the terminal phase trajectory of a hypersonic strike weapon is optimized using reinforcement meta learning. The guidance system maps observations directly to commanded bank angle, angle of attack, and sideslip angle rates. Importantly, the observations are directly measurable from radar seeker outputs with minimal processing. The optimization framework implements a shaping reward that minimizes the line-of-sight rotation rate, with a terminal reward given if the agent satisfies path constraints and meets terminal accuracy and speed criteria. This paper shows that the guidance system can adapt to off-nominal flight conditions, including perturbation of aerodynamic coefficient parameters, actuator failure scenarios, sensor scale factor errors, and actuator lag, while satisfying heating rate, dynamic pressure, and load path constraints, as well as a minimum impact speed constraint. This paper demonstrates precision strike capability against a maneuvering ground target and the ability to divert to a new target, the latter being important to maximize strike effectiveness for a group of hypersonic strike weapons. Moreover, this paper demonstrates a threat evasion strategy against interceptors with limited midcourse correction capability, where the hypersonic strike weapon implements multiple diverts to alternate targets, with the last divert to the actual target.
MODERNIZATION OF THE STAGES OF ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPONENT INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Maslyuk Iryna , Maslyuk Hanna ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "KPI named after Igor Sikorskyi"
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The article analyzes the conceptual foundations for modeling the development of the components of the investment potential of agricultural production, which make it possible to comprehensively evaluate the relevant indicators in order to timely determine, for agricultural entities, priority investment-attractive innovative projects for the future development of the production sphere.It also reflects the development of forecasting models among the mathematical and economic apparatus, which are based on the determination of the stochastic relationship between indicators of trend and cluster analysis, methods of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, models of synergistic and differentiated equations of the logistic type, integral methods, etc. The article develops a classification of criteria for the effectiveness of organizational and economic state regulation of agricultural production.For the analysis of factors, a list of external factors that influence the emergence of structural changes in agricultural production of Ukraine, determining the degree of importance, strength of influence and its direction, based on expert assessment, was formulated. Factors that affect the effectiveness of agricultural production are systematized according to the relevant groups: the level of support through special regimes and mechanisms of taxation, the share of capital investments provided in their total volume to agricultural production, the dynamics of foreign investments, the share of bank loans provided in their total volume.The scientific approach to assessing the effectiveness of state regulation of the development of the investment potential of agricultural production has been improved, based on a combination of deductive and inductive approaches that reflect analytical and synthetic aspects of the analysis and ensure coverage of all aspects of the investment activity of agricultural entities
DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES AND FEATURES OF OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Abramova Alla
Published: November 2022

The article examines the structure of operational risks of commercial banks in the context of the implementation of strategic policy and the formation of a positive reputation. Special attention is paid to biometric identification, artificial intelligence, robotics of banking processes and the latest banking products as digitalization factors of operational risks. Development trends and volumes of banks' losses from the occurrence of operational risks (on the example of European countries) were established, as a result of which a higher degree of vulnerability of commercial banks was recognized. Peculiarities of the operational risk management process of foreign banks were studied and consistent procedural laws were established, in particular: risk identification, quantitative and qualitative assessment of factors of the current level of risk, accumulation of information about events, risk losses and their subsequent registration, application of operational risk response measures, detection, accounting total losses and the cost of compensation from the occurrence of risks, monitoring and a system of countermeasures. Systematization of the composition of indicators for the diagnosis of the investigated risks, including for individuals and legal entities, has been carried out. The features and successful practice of the real-time risk management and control environment in European countries are presented, which is based on expanded supervisory powers (increasing operational excellence and stability of business processes), expanding analytics (identifying problems, automation and reporting), specializing in the management of specific by risk types (cyber risk, fraud and conduct risk) and in-depth human factors and inclusion real-time research and impact tools. Priority supervisory measures for operational risk management and control have been announced. It was determined that an important condition for achieving the efficiency and effectiveness of operational risk management should be an individual self-regulation mechanism that functions on the basis of the synergistic effect of the interaction of intrabank divisions and automation information systems. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's proposed directions for further actions aimed at prevention, early detection and minimization of the number of occurrences of operational risks and the size of banks' losses from them
USING THE EXPERIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS TO CREATE A REPOSITORY OF APPLIED METADATA FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ECONOMIC AREA
Authors:   Professional Pre-Higher Education Institution “Optical-Mechanical College” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Lumpova Tetyana
Published: November 2022

ntroduction of process approach in organizations engaged in processing statistical and economic information for ana-lytical research, transition in information systems (IS) to service-oriented architecture, integration of data from different sources, use of data warehouses necessitated the development of new approaches to creating and modernizing IS. At the same time, the requirements for the meta-information component of the IS in terms of meeting the requirements of internal and external users regarding the possibility of self-assessment of data quality are increasing. All these challenges require strengthening the meta-information component of the IS for the use of metadata by different user groups. The article consid-ers the key points that need to be taken into account when adapting to the existing IS existing international experience in the modernization of economic IS direction. This information will be useful when creating a metadata repository, data ware-house, information portal on statistical and economic research.
INFLUENCE OFICT ON EFFECTIVENESS OF INVENTORY CONTROL IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR ON THE WAY TO HEALTHY GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   Sumy State University, Amoako Offei Felix , Letunovska Nataliia ,   Sumy State University
Published: November 2022

The study aimed at investigating the influence of Information and Communication Technology on effectiveness of inventory control in the public senior high schools on the way to healthy green development. Specific objectives were to determine the role of ICT on the effectiveness of Inventory Control in the schools of the study towards a healthy green development. Purposive sam-pling technique was employed to sample 100 staff from Senior High Schools in the Kumasi Metropolis. The study used question-naires to gather primary data.All data collected was checked for completeness, coded and tabulated. The study revealed that, ICT influence the receipt of inventory, tracking the movements of stock within and outside the stores, inventory levels and update, buffer stock management. It appeared from the study that challenges facing Senior High Schools in Kumasi Metropolis on exe-cuting ICT on inventory control are high cost of training staff to use the system, frequent power outages making the use of the system uneasy, lot of time to learn the software, and complexity in the user interface. Management of the various Senior High Schools should attract and trained more personnel to use the ICT system in inventory control and increase its budget to meet the initial cost on purchasing, installing and application of ICT on inventory management control system.
MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MARKET OF FINANCIAL SERVICES OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Kholiavko Nataliia , Popelo Olha ,   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University, Dubyna Maksym ,   Chernihiv National University of Technology, Tarasenko Artem ,   Chernihiv National University of Technology
Published: November 2022

The main trends in the development of the financial services market of Ukraine are globalization, growing competition, capital consolidation, diversification of services, digitalization, introduction of innovative products and technologies. Thefull-scale armed invasion of the aggressor country into the territory of Ukraine transformed the activities of domestic finan-cial institutions, putting them in front of completely untypical challenges that required prompt response. At the initiative of the National Bank of Ukraine, financial institutions of the state introduced “credit vacations” for clients, but this measure has a short-term character. The country report an increase in credit risk and significant losses. The regulator is expected to take a set of measures to support Ukrainian financial institutions, recapitalize banks and establish a grace period in order to restore their competitiveness in the market. In turn, financial institutions make every effort to adapt to work in martial law. This article substantiates the potential of new information technologies in the development of the modern financial technolo-gy market. The authors focus on describing the role of blockchain technologies, Big Data Analytics, cloud technologies, Arti-ficial Intelligence, Internet of Things in the activities of financial institutions. It is proved that the use of digital technologies can speed up and simplify the process of providing financial services, optimize the cost structure of financial institutions,improve their management, as well as increase the level of household trust to the financial institutions. The expediency of forming long-term partnerships between financial institutions and FinTech companieswas emphasized. Among the prospects for further research, the authors highlighted the need to develop effective mechanisms and tools to protect information sys-tems and data of financial institutions from hacking, leaks and cyber-attacks.
The (PFAS)T and the Furious: Applying Hazardous Waste Management Frameworks to the Global Presence of PFAS
Authors: Clark Maggie
Published: November 2022

International treaties governing transboundary hazardous waste are a result of the theory of sustainable development. These conventions have developed over several decades but still lack authority over one of the biggest waste exporters: the United States. As forever chemicals like GenX become a spotlight for future waste regulation, can these conventions project a framework to apply to the currently unregulated chemical that predominantly travels across the Atlantic Ocean between the Netherlands and the United States? This Article seeks to apply various transboundary waste international laws to the market for GenX, identify problems, and propose solutions.
Cabotage and Deregulatory Anomalies
Authors: Ravich Timothy M.
Published: November 2022

The strangest airline route in America is between Pago Pago and the Manu’a Islands in American Samoa. It is the only regularly scheduled service by a non-U.S.-flagged airline between two points in the United States (or its territories) due to the lack of a U.S. carrier offering service to the territory’s domestic route. Under existing U.S. cabotage policies, states and U.S. territories are divested of all power to manage interstate air transportation to and from other U.S. airports as a matter of law. Specifically, federal law permits only U.S. carriers operating U.S.-registered aircraft to fly between U.S. states and territories. Consequently, governments like that of American Samoa have no authority to allow non-U.S. carriers to fly in and out of American Samoa to key connection points to the United States, such as Honolulu or Los Angeles. Standing alone, the absence of foreign carriers in any particular aviation market is unproblematic and even expected where purely “domestic” travel is involved. But, in American Samoa, the absence of foreign carriers means that competition and consumer choice are nonexistent. Meanwhile, presently, just one U.S.-flagged carrier—Hawaiian Airlines—connects American Samoa with any other part of the United States. In this monopolistic framework, few if any incentives exist for Hawaiian Airlines to provide more than the mini- mum acceptable level of service. And, in fact, in 2020, the Governor of American Samoa signed an Executive Order seemingly evicting Hawaiian Airlines from the territory while calling for permanent waiver of federal cabotage law—an action that the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) rejected as an authority not countenanced under the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. This Article argues for a change or exemption in the current law. In so doing, this Article features the body of national aviation law as an unexpectedly useful area in which to gain insight into the flaws of imperial rule. With respect to American Samoa specifically, federal cabotage rules and laws deregulating the commercial airline industry displace territorial efforts to achieve autonomy and self-governance over matters of local concern and constitutional dimension, including jurisdiction (i.e., navigation), commerce and trade, and travel. Worse, national laws strip territorial leaders of the ability to better the welfare of their community without also meaningfully advancing U.S. objectives. Therefore, this Article argues that Congress should exempt American Samoa permanently from application of cabotage and deregulation laws and policies, a seemingly local issue that genuinely portends wholesale changes to longstanding international aviation law.
Turkish children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus had more severe clinical presentation during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sargin Irmak Dicle , Kirmizibekmez Heves , Seymen Gulcan , Kutlu Esra , Dursun Fatma
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously affected psychological, economic, and social aspects of life. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the lockdown period with the profile of those diagnosed before the pandemic.

Material and Methods:

The clinical features of 39 patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed within 1 year starting from March 16, 2020, when schools were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in our country, were compared with the features of 27 patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed in the previous year.

Results:

Twenty-three (58.9%) of 39 patients presented with DKA in the pandemic group, while 7 (25.9%) of 27 patients presented with DKA in the pre-pandemic group (P = 0.008). A significant increase was also noted in the severe presentation in the pandemic group (P = 0,019). The decrease in HbA1C at the end of 3 months was significantly higher in the pandemic group.

Conclusion:

Evaluation of patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes before and after pandemic showed a significant increase in the rates of severe DKA.
Genetics for the pediatric endocrinologists – 2 Primordial short stature in children and adolescents
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar , Gupta Neerja
Published: November 2022

Primordial short stature (PSS) is an extremely rare group of monogenic disorders characterized by profound global growth failure commencing in the fetal life and continuing postnatally for the rest of the life. It is suspected when there is an extreme degree of proportionate short stature and global growth failure with or without microcephaly, and without any evidence of known skeletal dysplasia. The cardinal features of PSS include severe intrauterine and postnatal growth failure, severe postnatal short stature, primary microcephaly, characteristic facial features, and variable intellectual disability. The most common genetic etiology is monogenic except for Silver–Russell syndrome, where an epigenetic mechanism is a predominant cause of primordial dwarfism. This review demonstrates a holistic approach to the diagnosis and management of PSS in children and adolescents.
A study on normalization of hypothyroxinemia in neonates below 34 weeks of gestation
Authors: Gaonkar Seema , Shenoi Arvind , Sathyanarayana Santhosh Olety , Namachivayam Arun Kumar , Raja D. Malathi , Rao Nilesh
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to estimate the time required for normalization of hypothyroxinemia of prematurity in neonates below 34 weeks of gestation.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted in neonates born below 34 weeks of gestation, between January 2015 and December 2016. Data were collected on free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, tested on days 3, 14, 28, and 42. Gestational age, birth weight, use of antenatal steroids, mechanical ventilation, and various preterm morbidities, along with development at 18 months of corrected age, were comparatively analyzed in neonates with and without hypothyroxinemia. The median time for normalization of fT4 in all these variables was estimated.

Results:

On day 3, low fT4 was noted in 69 (37.7%) out of 183 neonates born below 34 weeks of gestation; all had normal TSH levels. Hypothyroxinemia showed statistically significant association with gestational age, birth weight, antenatal steroid use, respiratory distress syndrome, invasive ventilation, shock, sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), anemia during stay in neonatal intensive care unit, and development at 18 months. Median time for normalization was 14 days in most of the neonates, and 28 days in those with <28 weeks of gestational age, weight of <1000 g and with shock, anemia, and PDA. Two infants with hypothyroxinemia received therapy with levothyroxine at 6 weeks for a short duration, as TSH was high.

Conclusion:

Hypothyroxinemia of prematurity takes 14–28 days to normalize based on maturity, weight, and illnesses. This study recommends serum fT4 testing at 2 weeks of life, provided congenital hypothyroidism was ruled out by 3–4 days of life, using direct blood spot card metabolic screening.
Influence of the angle of strabismus, age of patients, dosage of the drug on the effectiveness of the treatment of concomitant strabismus in children by chemodenervation with botulinum toxin type A
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Miguel D.V. ,   Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Care or Children, Moscow, Roselo Kesada N.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Sidorenko E.E. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow,   Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Care or Children, Moscow, Ostanina I.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow,   Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Care or Children, Moscow, Cha V.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Sidorenko E.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To evaluate strabismus angle, patient's age, drug dosage on its treatment effectiveness in children using method of chemodenervation with botulinum toxin type A. Material and methods. The study involved 50 children (100 eyes), the average age of which was 4.33±2.75 years (from one year of life to 12.8 years), of which 27 boys (54%) and 23 girls (46%). The studies were carried out from 2016 to 2020 based on Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Care or Children and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow. The observation period was 6 months. All patients were treated for concomitant strabismus by injecting BT-A into the oculomotor muscles through transconjunctival route, using specially designed forceps to isolate the oculomotor muscles, a syringe and a G27 needle (0.4×12.5 mm). Results. The success rate of the treatment of strabismus by chemodenervation using BT-A was 99.14% 6 months after the onset of treatment and was higher in children with a smaller angle of strabismus. The dosage of BT-A from 2 to 4 units gave the maximum effect when the angle of strabismus was more than 15°. Most of patients in the study group (75.49%) responded to therapy from the first month after chemodenervation. An analysis of data comparing the effectiveness of treatment in different age groups showed that the age of patients did not have a significant effect on the outcome of treatment – the outcome of treatment was more dependent on the initial angle of strabismus. Conclusion. Treatment of concomitant strabismus in children by chemodenervation of the extraocular oculomotor muscles with botulinum toxin type A can effectively eliminate the visible angle of concomitant strabismus and is an alternative to traditional surgical methods for treating children with this type of pathology. Key words: concomitant strabismus; botulinum toxin type A; chemodenervation, treatment efficacy
Prevalence and features of the clinical course of dry eye syndrome in children with chronic dermatoses
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. St. Petersburg, Bobryshev V.A. , Brzheskiy V.V. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. St. Petersburg, Zaslavsky D.V. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. St. Petersburg, Bolshakova E.S. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. St. Petersburg, Manylova E.S. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. St. Petersburg, Khvedelidze M.G. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. St. Petersburg, Rybinskikh T.S. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. St. Petersburg
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To study the possible presence and features of the clinical course of dry eye syndrome (DES) in children of various ages with chronic dermatoses. Material and methods. 50 patients aged 4 to 17 years were examined. The criteria for their inclusion in the study were the presence of a verified diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (in the acute stage) (40 children) or ichthyosis (vulgar and congenital) (10 children). Severity of subjective discomfort, condition of the ocular surface, production and stability of the pre-corneal tear film were evaluated in all patients. Results. Clinical and functional signs of DES (mainly due to dysfunction of the meibomian glands) were noted in 26 children (65%) with atopic dermatitis and in 9 (90%) with ichthyosis. At the same time, in children with chronic dermatoses, DES occurred mainly in mild and moderate forms. There were no statistically significant differences in the manifestation of clinical signs of DES between the groups of patients with atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis. Conclusion. The data obtained showed the need for a targeted examination of patients with chronic dermatoses, detection, and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction and associated dry eye syndrome. Key words: dry eye syndrome; dysfunction of the meibomian glands; chronic dermatoses; atopic dermatitis; ichthyosis
Estructura de dependencia entre el riesgo de longevidad y de mortalidad y su impacto en el capital requerido de solvencia (SCR)
Authors: Santolino Miguel , Belles-Sampera Jaume , Rubio-Pallarés Antonio
Published: November 2022

Tal y como EIOPA indica en la Directriz 51 de BoS-14/253 (Directrices sobre el sistema de gobernanza), la función actuarial de una empresa que utiliza un modelo interno debe prestar especial atención al análisis de las dependencias entre riesgos del modelo. Un paso previo al modelo interno consiste en entender las hipótesis que subyacen en la matriz de dependencias que se utiliza en la fórmula estándar de Solvencia II y las implicaciones si se consideran estructuras de dependencia alternativas. Este trabajo se centra en el caso particular relacionado con el riesgo de longevidad. Mediante un enfoque práctico se analiza el modelo de riesgo de longevidad de acuerdo a EIOPA-14-322 para una cartera de productos de vida (las hipótesis de la fórmula estándar en el cálculo del SCR) y el impacto sobre el valor del SCR de considerar estructuras de dependencias diferentes entre riesgos. Este ejemplo ilustrativo debe servir de base para poder considerar modelos del riesgo de longevidad más complejos. En la aplicación mostramos que los cálculos se pueden realizar en una hoja de cálculo Excel con el objetivo de facilitar su uso entre los profesionales.
AUTOMATIC BALANCING MECHANISM IN PAY-AS-YOU GO PENSION SYSTEMS: A SOLUTION TO FACE DEMOGRAPHIC RISK AND RESTORES SUSTAINABILITY?
Authors: Ferrer Fernandez Maria , Boado Peñas Mª del Carmen
Published: November 2022

Abstract This paper analyses the sustainability of the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system in the presence of demographic uncertainty. Following the paper by Godínez-Olivares et al. (2016b), this paper designs automatic balancing mechanisms (ABMs) using the population structure of three representative countries. The selected countries present a very different age structure. The results show that, in all population structure studied, the variables need to be modified in order to guarantee the long-term financial sustainability. Keywords: Optimisation, population ageing, pensions, sustainability. Resumen En este trabajo se analiza la sostenibilidad del sistema de pensiones de reparto en presencia de la incertidumbre demográfica. Siguiendo el artículo de Godínez-Olivares et al. (2016b), esta investigación diseña mecanismos de ajuste automático utilizando la estructura de población de tres países representativos. Los países seleccionados presentan una estructura por edades muy diferente. Los resultados muestran que, en cada estructura poblacional, es necesario modificar las variables para garantizar la sostenibilidad financiera a largo plazo. Palabras clave: Optimización, envejecimiento poblacional, pensiones, sostenibilidad.
LA CONDUCTA DEL RETIRO: EL CASO DE UN PAÍS PRODUCTOR DE PETRÓLEO
Authors: Rocha Salazar Jose de Jesus , Boado Penas Carmen
Published: November 2022

Abstract This study analyzes the impact of macroeconomic and financial variables on retirement decisions. Socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age and level of education are considered. The unemployment rate is used as macroeconomic variable and the stock market and oil prices as financial variables. Special attention is given to oil prices. It is concluded that macroeconomic and financial variables have an impact mainly in the long term and that the number of new pensioners increases when oil prices decrease. Keywords: Financial effect, macroeconomic effect, petroleum prices, retirement decisions Resumen Este estudio analiza el impacto de las variables macroeconómicas y financieras en la conducta del retiro por características sociodemográficas. Las características sociodemográficas consideradas son género, edad y nivel de escolaridad. Como variable macroeconómica se utiliza la tasa de desempleo y como variables financieras el índice de precios de bolsa y precios del petróleo. La atención se enfoca en los precios del petróleo. Se concluye que las variables macroeconómicas y financieras tiene un impacto principalmente a largo plazo y que el número de nuevos pensionados se incrementa cuando los precios de petróleo decrecen. Palabras clave: Efecto financiero, efecto macroeconómico, precios del petróleo, decisiones del retiro