bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF PREDIABETES ON CARDIOVASCULAR REMODELING INDICATORS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH OBESITY
Authors: Psarova Valentyna , Kochuieva Maryna , Gogunska Inna , Kyrychenko Nataliia , Kochuiev Gennadii , Cherkashyna Anastasiia , Ivanova Daria
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of prediabetes on cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive patients with obesity.
Materials and methods: To examine 200 patients with stage II hypertension (grade 2) and obesity (grades I-II), clinical, anamnestic, anthropometric, biochemical, and instrumental methods were employed. Among these, 60 patients had carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The degree of these disorders was assessed using fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and glucose tolerance tests. Impaired fasting glycemia was established at values ​​of glucose concentration in venous plasma ≥ 6.1 and < 7.0 mmol/l, in whole capillary blood ≥ 5.6 and < 6.1 mmol/l, and glucose index < 7.8 mmol/l both in whole capillary blood and in venous plasma during the oral glucose tolerance test. Impaired glucose tolerance was diagnosed based on fasting glucose concentrations of < 6.1 mmol/l in whole capillary blood and < 7.0 mmol/l in venous plasma, and ≥ 7.8 < 11.1 mmol/l both in whole capillary blood and in venous plasma according to the oral glucose tolerance test. The HOMA index determined insulin resistance. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 17 (IBM) and Microsoft Office Excel 2003. Results are presented as means ± standard deviation, with significance as p < 0.05 in all cases.
Research results. In obese hypertensive patients with prediabetes, significantly higher values of the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery and the carotid artery at the bifurcation level were recorded (p = 0.027 and p = 0.012 respectively), as well as a significantly higher pulse wave velocity in the carotid artery (p = 0.022). Cardiac remodeling assessment results demonstrated that patients with prediabetes had significantly larger left ventricular, left atrial, wall thickness, and left ventricular myocardial mass index, with no differences in ejection fraction values, compared to patients without prediabetes. The presence of prediabetes was characterized by a decrease in the rate of early filling of the left ventricle (p = 0.000) and the ratio of the rates of early and late filling (p = 0.000) in the absence of significant differences in the levels of the integral index of diastolic function: the ratio of the maximum speed of early diastolic flow to the maximum speed of early filling of the left ventricle (E/e').
Conclusions. Violations of carbohydrate metabolism at the stage of prediabetes in hypertensive patients with obesity contribute to the progression of vascular remodeling. They are associated with the severity of hypertrophic changes in the left ventricle. Evaluation of indicators of cardiovascular remodeling depending on the variant of prediabetes (fasting hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance) did not demonstrate reliable differences in any of the indicators.
Engineering Hierarchal Lotus Leaf-Inspired PVDF-HFP/PVDF Dual-Layer Surface Supported PVDF Composite Membrane for Desalination Via Membrane Distillation
Authors:   School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Alsebaeai Mohammed Karama ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Petroleum, Hadhramout University, Hadhramout, Yemen, Ahmad Abdul Latif ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Seng Ooi Boon ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a groundbreaking approach to enhance membrane distillation (MD) performance by incorporating a lotus leaf-inspired Poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co-hexafluoropropene)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF-HFP/PVDF) dual-layer coating onto a hollow fiber PVDF support membrane. The synergistic effect of this integrated dip-coating phase inversion approach significantly improves membrane wetting resistance characteristics, water permeability and salt rejection without compromising overall performance. Experimental results demonstrate a substantial increase in water flux from 11.55 kg/m²h–15.25 kg/m²h while maintaining exceptional salt rejection rates exceeding 99.9%. The enhanced membrane properties are attributed to the synergistic interaction between PVDF-HFP and PVDF, resulting in a hierarchical rough surface with contact angle reached up to 137.31° that effectively repels water and minimises pore wetting. This research paves the way for the development of high-performance MD membranes with improved efficiency and sustainability.
On series of successes in Bernoulli sequences of random variables
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ananjevskii Sergey M. , Nevzorov Valery B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2025

Some of the first studies in probability theory were associated with Bernoulli schemes - sequences of independent identically distributed random variables taking the values 1 with a certain probability 0 < p < 1 and 0 with a probability q = 1 - p. The study of sequences of such random variables led to the need to deal with a geometrically distributed random variable. Limit theorems for properly centered and normalized sums required the consideration and study of normally distributed random variables. Working with classical Bernoulli sequences and their other two-point generalizations led to the need to develop various methods for studying them, which were then used for other random variables. Despite the numerous results obtained since the publication of Jacob Bernoulli’s monograph "The Art of Conjectandi" in 1713, more and more new schemes for Bernoulli quantities are appearing that require further study. This work is a direct continuation of the authors’ articles published in 2022 and 2023.
On convergence of higher order differential-difference schemes for telegraph equation
Authors:   University of Economics - The University of Danang, Hieu Le Minh , Nguyen Huu Nguyen Xuan ,   University of Economics - The University of Danang
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this article is to introduce an approximation method for solving the Dirichlet initial boundary value problem for the telegraph equation. The approach involves the idea of discretizing a spatial variable and utilizing the integral-interpolation method with specific fundamental functions. The original equation is multiplied by auxiliary functions, and subsequently interpolation and integration methods are applying on the spatial variable to generate system of ordinary differential equations. Flexible applications of the Newton-Stirling and Hermite-Birkhoff interpolations are made to internal and close-to-boundary nodes. Additionally, the boundary conditions are automatically satisfied without the need for a separate approximation as in classical numerical methods like the grid method or the method of lines. As a result, the suggested schemes have a higher level of approximation. To prove the convergence of differential-difference schemes of high degree of accuracy, the logarithmic norm of the matrix is used.
Fundamental frequencies of long prismatic shells
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dzebisashvili Georgii T. , Smirnov Andrei L. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Filippov Sergei B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2025

The impact of the length of a shell on the fundamental frequencies of natural vibrations of a prismatic thin shell is studied in the paper. A thin cylindrical shell, the cross-section of which is a regular polygon, is analyzed. Provided that the perimeter of the cross-section is preserved, the influence of the length of the structure and the number of faces on the natural frequencies is examined. For limiting cases of the number of faces (shells with the square cross-section and circular cross-section), the results of numerical analysis in COMSOL and the analytical results are in close agreement with each other.
Encyclopedia as a form of presentation of the museum’s research activities
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nikonova Antonina A.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the significance of the encyclopedia “Literary Museums of Russia” as a scientific reference publication, its role in the study of theoretical and terminological issues of museology. The status of an encyclopedic publication, an interdisciplinary type of publication,which presents the whole variety of activities of literary museums in Russia in the context of modern humanitarian knowledge, is considered. In the process of working on the encyclopedia articles, the authors conducted additional scientific research on the theory and history of the formation of the scientific discourse of museology and on the issues of preserving cultural heritage objects, which required not only an increase in the vocabulary, but recorded the state of museological research at the present stage. The collective nature of the work helped the authors avoid subjectivity in describing the complex phenomena of modern museum activity and at the same time raise controversial issues. These include the creation of a refined classification of literary museums. Thus, the existing difficulties in defining the very term “literary museum” were reflected in articles devoted to exhibition activities. The modern thesaurus of the theory and practice of exhibition activities captures the dynamic process of accumulation of various information and multimedia practices and accompanying concepts and requires careful study, since it often neutralizes the specifics of a literary museum. The concept of “museum practices” is one of the key concepts used to describe modern activities of museums and is associated with the concept of “museum culture”. Consequently, the task of an encyclopedia as a scientific reference publication is not only to record the results of the activities of a particular type of museum, already tested by science and practice, but also to identify poorly studied areas of museum theory and practice.
Caracterização dos Sustainable Business Models: uma análise de clusterização das empresas que compõem o Dow Jones Sustainable World Index
Authors:   , Araújo Andreza Rodrigues de
Published: January 2025

Os Sustainable Business Models (SBMs) apesar de sua ampla investigação na literatura
internacional ainda carece de estudos, devido à falta de uma definição ou caracterização mais
holística. Como consequência, a pesquisa tem como objetivo geral caracterizar os Sustainable
Business Models de empresas que compõem a carteira de 2020 do Dow Jones Sustainability
World Index. Essa caracterização será realizada por meio do método quantitativo de
agrupamentos das variáveis, denominado de clusterização e para a seleção das variáveis foi
utilizada a Regressão Linear Múltipla. Nessa pesquisa, a amostra é composta por 60 empresas
de diferentes setores. Os dados coletados são compostos por 13 variáveis e são divididos em
quatro etapas: (i) coletar e processar dos dados que caracterizam os SBMs, (ii) definir o número
de clusters a serem gerados, (iii) agrupar iterativamente os SBMs e (iv) validar os clusters,
finalizando com a análise qualitativa dos clusters. Por meio dos resultados, foi possível
identificar dois perfis de empresas, distribuídos em quatro clusters. O primeiro é composto por
empresas com pontuações médias de ESG, com predominância de países asiáticos e que
constituem os setores da indústria e dos serviços em geral. Ao analisar o impacto desses setores,
foi constatado que a maioria são de impacto moderado e, por isso, as empresas possuem uma
maior cautela em investimentos em ESG. O segundo perfil, apresenta pontuações de ESG acima
da média, que é caracterizado em sua maioria, com indústrias de alto impacto que possuem uma
legislação ativa, no que concerne as práticas em ESG. As empresas do segundo perfil, totalizam
grande parte do continente europeu, conhecido pela sua liderança mundial em investimentos
em ESG. Os dois perfis identificados, indicam uma tendência de cenários diferentes de práticas
e investimentos em ESG, por regiões e setores. A pesquisa ainda propôs um framework de
clusterização por meio de índices de sustentabilidade, uma estrutura metodológica que tem suas
implicações teóricas voltadas principalmente para a disseminação dos estudos sobre SBM, a
partir da sua caracterização e implicações práticas, auxiliando os gestores de empresas na
implementação dos SBMs.
Relação risco-retorno de portfólios de investimentos em ações do índice de sustentabilidade empresarial da bolsa de valores brasileira
Authors:   , Silva Bruno Nogueira
Published: January 2025

Nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento sustentável tem sido buscado significativamente pela
sociedade, por meio de conscientização, incentivos fiscais, restrições legais e similares. No
mercado de ações, essa tendência possibilitou o surgimento de carteiras teóricas compostas por
ativos de empresas consideradas referências em gestão corporativa sustentável. No entanto, esse
mercado é visto como uma alternativa de investimento de alto risco, principalmente para
investidores que não detêm informações ou instrumentos que auxiliem na escolha dos
portfólios. Para tal propósito, a Teoria Moderna de Portfólios (TMP) tem sido a mais utilizada
até os dias atuais, principalmente em versões de modo adaptado com métricas que não
pressupõem a normalidade dos retornos. A metodologia Gini-CAPM (Gini Capital Asset
Pricing Model) – a principal derivação da TMP com uma métrica de risco mais robusta contra
não normalidade, o Gini – tem apresentado bons resultados para otimização dos portfólios de
investimentos em ações. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a relação riscoretorno
de portfólios de ações estruturados apenas com papéis listados no Índice de
Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da Bolsa de Valores brasileira (B3), utilizando conceitos
derivados do Gini-CAPM, e outras métricas de seleção de portfólios que também utilizam o
Gini. Para isso, trabalhou-se com cotações mensais das ações do ISE de janeiro de 2015 a junho
de 2022. O método proposto para a seleção é multiobjetivo e utiliza os critérios de seleção Beta-
Gini, Sharpe-Gini, Assimetria-Gini e Value at Risk, inclusive nesta ordem. Assim, o presente
estudo apresentou um método estruturado para selecionar portfólios de ações com base no perfil
de risco do investidor. Na análise de resultados, ao comparar o desempenho dos portfólios
propostos com a performance dos benchmarks de renda variável nacional, ficou evidente que
alguns portfólios propostos exibiram performance superior. Os principais resultados
evidenciaram que esses portfólios, compostos por ações ESG (Environmental, Social and
Governance), ofereceram risco menor que os benchmarks. Observou-se ainda que maior parte
dos ativos individuais componentes da amostra exibiu risco (mensurado pelo coeficiente Beta)
inferior a um, podendo assim ser considerados como investimentos defensivos; o que pode ser
interessante para investidores com maior aversão a risco e que se preocupam com a
sustentabilidade. Portanto, esta pesquisa contribui para a literatura ao proporcionar informações
sobre a relação risco-retorno das ações de empresas social e ambientalmente responsáveis.
Adicionalmente, o estudo empregou o modelo de otimização que usa o coeficiente de risco de
Gini (uma métrica de risco mais robusta frente à não normalidade), até então pouco utilizado
na seara de gestão de portfólios de ações.
Advancements in Structural Basis of Covalent Inhibitors Targeting
SARS-CoV-2 Essential Proteins
Authors: Fatima Israr , Alshabrmi Fahad M. , Aba Alkhayl Faris F. , Qasim Muhammad , Shafqat Almera , Batool Sara , Jawad Muhammad , Qamar Muhammad Tahir Ul , Rehman Abdur
Published: January 2025

Covalent inhibitors play a pivotal role in the development of pharmaceutical
therapies, as they form stable, irreversible bonds with target biomolecules, leading to
prolonged therapeutic effects and enhanced efficacy. Since covalent inhibitors first appeared in the late 1800s, the field has become innovative rapidly, and covalent inhibitors
now account for around 30% of all marketed therapeutics. The severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease
2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 needs to be cured with a medicine that is beneficial
and with the least side effects. It is necessary to formulate drug candidates to treat this
pathogen. The predominance of covalent medications will be briefly discussed in this review, followed by an introduction to their methods of action, as well as more thorough
discussions of the safe and effective covalent enzyme inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2.
Our main concern is to study covalent inhibitors which are mainly involved in blocking
the viral entry of the virus SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell along with its replication and
translation process. In the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 medicines researchers can
use those reported drugs as prospective candidates.
Identification and Validation of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of COVID-19-related Depression
Authors: Qi Peng , Huang Mengjie , Zhu Haiyan
Published: January 2025

Background:

The prevalence of depression in COVID-19 patients is notably high,
disrupting daily life routines and compounding the burden of other chronic health conditions. In
addition, to elucidate the connection between COVID-19 and depression, we conducted an analysis
of commonly differentially expressed genes [co-DEGs], uncovering potential biomarkers
and therapeutic avenues specific to COVID-19-related depression.

Methods:

We obtained gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO] database
with strategic keyword searches ["COVID-19", "depression," and "SARS"]. We used
functional enrichment analysis of the co-DEGs to decipher their likely biological roles. Then, we
utilized protein-protein interaction [PPI] network analysis to identify hub genes among the co-
DEGs. These findings were validated via an independent third-party dataset.

Results:

Our analysis of blood samples from COVID-19 patients revealed 10,716 upregulated
genes and 10,319 downregulated genes. In addition, by applying the same approach to depression
samples, we identified 571 upregulated and 847 downregulated genes. Furthermore, by intersecting
these datasets, we extracted 121 upregulated and 175 downregulated co-DEGs.
Through PPI network construction and hub gene selection, we identified MPO, ARG1, CD163,
FCGR1A, ELANE, LCN2, and CR1 as co-upregulated hub genes and MRPL13, RPS23, and
MRPL1 as co-downregulated hub genes. The incorporation of third-party datasets revealed that
these hub genes are specific targets of SARS-CoV-2, not generic viral response mechanisms.

Conclusion:

The identification of potential biomarkers represents a groundbreaking strategy for
assessing and treating depression in the context of COVID-19, with the potential to reduce its
prevalence among these patients. However, to fully harness this potential, additional clinical research
is paramount.
Role of Long Noncoding RNA Dio3os in Glycolipid Metabolism
Authors: Wang Xinchen , Zeng Shiyun , Liu Yuting , Shi Yulan , Qu Fenghua , Li Li , Zhang Qirui , Yuan Ding , Yuan Chengfu
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Recent investigations have underscored the importance of long non-coding
RNAs (lncRNAs), which exhibit more specific expression in tissues and cells than mRNA and
are involved in gene regulation during development, pathology, and other processes through various
mechanisms. Despite the predominant focus on the role of lncRNA Dio3os in cancer research,
there has been relatively limited exploration of its potential involvement in glycolipid metabolism.
Therefore, this study aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the function of Dio3os in glycolipid
metabolism and calls for a broader investigation into its physiological roles.

Methods:

This review synthesizes available literature to detail the gene characteristics of lncRNA
Dio3os and its expression patterns. It also compiles recent insights and mechanisms pertaining to
Dio3os's involvement in glycolipid metabolism, particularly its participation in the ceRNA regulatory
network.

Results:

Recent studies demonstrate that lncRNA Dio3os regulates glycolysis in cancer cells and
impacts obesity, potentially serving as an indicator for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore,
its diminished expression has been noted in atherosclerotic plaques.

Conclusion:

lncRNA Dio3os exerts a significant regulatory influence on glycolipid metabolism,
with variations in its expression levels potentially affecting disease presentations. Further investigations
are warranted to elucidate the precise relationship between lncRNA Dio3os and its associated
pathologies.
Synergistic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Preconditioning and Valproic Acid on Hepatic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Rashid Saman , Salim Asmat , Naeem Nadia , Haneef Kanwal
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Ex vivo preconditioning increases the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal
stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antioxidant activity, growth factor production, homing, differentiation,
and immunomodulation. Therefore, it is considered an effective strategy to be used before
transplantation and therapeutic application of MSCs. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), valproic
acid (VPA), has been reported to induce hepatic differentiation in MSCs. Although individual
studies have shown that preconditioning and epigenetic modification enhance the survival and
differentiation of MSCs, the combined effects of these therapies have not been fully explored.
This study aims to investigate the combined effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) preconditioning
and HDACi (valproic acid) on the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem
cells (BM-MSCs) into hepatic-like cells.

Methods:

MSCs were first preconditioned with H2O2 and then cultured with VPA. The migration
and proliferation potential of the treated cells were evaluated using wound healing and colony--
forming unit assays. Furthermore, the expression of hepatic genes (FOXA2, CK8, CK18, TAT) and
proteins (AFP, ALB, TAT) was evaluated in all treated groups.

Results:

The combined therapy group exhibited enhanced cell migration and proliferation, as evidenced
by wound healing and colony-forming unit assays. Additionally, the combined treatment
group showed higher expression of FOXA2, CK8, and CK18 hepatic genes and TAT protein,
suggesting an improved differentiation of stem cells into hepatocytes.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the combination of H2O2 and VPA emerges as an important factor in
promoting hepatocyte differentiation. However, further studies are required to optimize this protocol
for future therapeutics.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Clinical Significance and
Underlying Oncogenic Roles of Specific MMPs in Gastric
Carcinoma Reveals their Potential Roles in Prognosis and Therapy
Authors: Jin Shiyang , Wang Jing , Wang Kuan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Gastric cancer is a major global cause of cancer-related
deaths, necessitating investigation into Matrix Metalloproteinases’ (MMPs) diagnostic
and prognostic value. Our study aimed to analyze their significance in gastric cancer.

Methods:

We evaluated MMP family genes' mRNA and protein expression using the
University of Alabama at Birmingham (UALCAN) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
databases. Then, we analyzed the relationship between their mRNA expression and
gastric cancer staging and survival using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive
Analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan–Meier plotter. Furthermore, we assessed this family’s
gene mutation rates in gastric cancer patients using Search Tool for the Retrieval of
Interaction Genes/Proteins (STRING) and explored potential pathways and
mechanisms via Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery
(DAVID), cBioPortal, and R. Finally, we established a predictive model for gastric
cancer based on these analyses to understand these genes’ roles in cancer.

Results:

Our findings revealed significantly upregulated mRNA expression of
MMP1/2/3/7/9/10/11/12/13/14 in gastric cancer tissues (p<0.05). Higher levels of
MMP2/7/10-encoded proteins (middle or high) were observed in tumor tissues, with
MMP2/11/14 closely associated with different cancer stages (p<0.05). Additionally,
MMP2/7/11/14/20 mRNA levels correlated with short-term overall survival (about 20
months), while MMP1/3/9/12/13 expression was associated with favorable overall
survival (about 30 months). Gastric cancer patients exhibited a 21% mutation rate of
MMP family genes, which correlated with favorable overall survival. Enrichment
analysis and protein-protein interaction results underscored the close association of
MMPs with gastric cancer development. The MMP2 model demonstrated a significant
decline in survival rates for the high expression group, with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of
1.78 (95% CI 1.47-2.16) and a log-rank P value of 2.9e-09. Statistical significance was
set at p < 0.05. Univariate Cox regression identified MMP2 as a risk factor for gastric
cancer patients

Conclusion:

Our findings highlighted MMPs' essential role in gastric cancer
progression, impacting patient survival. MMP2 emerged as a promising target for
gastric carcinoma detection and treatment.
Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME): Dangerous Crosstalk
Authors: Moussa Salim
Published: January 2025

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the key drivers of tumorigenesis and relapse.
A growing body of evidence reveals the tremendous power of CSCs to directly resist
innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. The immunomodulatory property
gives CSCs the ability to control the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). CSCs
hijack the anti-tumor capacity of immune cells to provide self-protection from immune
attack and enhance the pro-tumor immune cell infiltration and activity. To date, cancer
immunotherapy strategies have largely been designed without taking into account the
immunosuppressive properties of CSCs. As a result, the clinical efficacy of cancer
immunotherapy is altered, perpetuating tumor progression and relapse. Therefore,
targeting the signals underlying CSC immune evasion is essential to improve
immunotherapy efficacy and reduce tumor relapse. The aim of this mini-view is to
comprehensively summarize the key immune escape mechanisms adopted by CSCs.
This will provide necessary clues for the development of more effective cancer
immunotherapy strategies.
Natural Hydrogel-based Drug Delivery System: A Global Scenario, Current Development, and Future Prospective
Authors: Shukur Momin Firdose Abdul , Makhijani Shivani , Ingle Rahul , Saifee Maria
Published: January 2025

Pharmaceutical giants (e.g., Ashland, Bausch & Lomb, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic,
Neurelis, etc.) promote the growth of hydrogels globally. Hydrogel-based drug delivery system
(DDS) market size accounted for USD 6415 million in 2021 and is estimated to reach USD 12,357
million by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.6% from 2022 to 2030. Hydrogels,
characterized by their unique three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers, have
emerged as a keystone in the advancement of biomaterial science. Existing trends in the advancement
of hydrogel drug delivery systems (DDS) involve the release of drugs in response to specific triggers
such as pH, temperature, or enzymes for targeted drug delivery and to reduce the potential for systemic
toxicity. They excel in their ability to achieve high drug loading capacities, their ease of manufacturing,
and their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability. These attributes not only promise
crucial mechanistic features but also offer robust protection for labile drugs and enable the encapsulation
of multiple therapeutic agents. Thus, hydrogels stand as promising candidates in various biomedical
and pharmaceutical applications, ensuring controlled release and compatibility essential for therapeutic
efficacy. Additionally, hydrogels have massive applications in tissue engineering, wound
healing, cosmetics, and biomaterials (e.g., contact lenses and implantable devices). Furthermore,
hydrogels possess the capability to release active drug(s) under sustained conditions as recommended.
Their exceptional qualities position hydrogels as a preferred choice on a global scale. Moreover,
they enhance bioavailability, optimize dosage regimens, promote patient compliance, and minimize
adverse effects. Furthermore, hydrogels are recommended for use in clinical trials to enhance therapeutic
drug delivery outcomes. Despite their remarkable properties, hydrogels do have certain disadvantages,
including expensive manufacturing costs and incompatibility with certain drugs. The author
has highlighted the fundamental ideas about hydrogels, their classification, global scenario, current
developments in the field, and their potential applications. Overall, hydrogel application is progressing
rapidly, toward more proficient and effective DDS in the future.
HDAC6: Tumor Progression and Beyond
Authors: Oliveira-Silva João Marcos , de Oliveira Leilane Sales , Tagliéri João Vitor Marangoni , Lopes Laís Bernardo , de Souza Carlos Vinicius Expedito , Batistão Hanna Karolina de Araújo , Castro-Gamero Angel Mauricio
Published: January 2025

Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an intriguing therapeutic target in cancer re-search, distinguished as the only HDAC family member predominantly located in the cyto-plasm. HDAC6 features two catalytic domains and a unique ubiquitin-binding domain, which sets it apart from other HDACs. Beyond its role in histone deacetylation, HDAC6 targets vari-ous nonhistone substrates, such as α-tubulin, cortactin, Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), and Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1). Its involvement spans critical aspects of tumor progression, in-cluding invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, stemness, and the reduction of tu-mor cell immunogenicity. Given these functions, HDAC6 inhibitors are emerging as valuable tools in the treatment of both solid and hematological tumors. Recent advancements have seen several HDAC6 inhibitors to enter clinical trials, with promising outcomes reported. This re-view covers the structural features of HDAC6, its biological roles, and its impact on tumor development, particularly focusing on progression-related events. Additionally, a detailed dis-cussion of preclinical and clinical trials involving selective HDAC6 inhibitors is provided.
Clodronate: The Influence on ATP Purinergic Signaling
Authors: Rosini Sergio , Rosini Stefano , Saviola Gianantonio , Molfetta Luigi
Published: January 2025

ATP is involved in numerous physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, modulation, and secretion, as well as in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. While ATP serves
an essential intracellular role as a source of energy, it behaves differently in the extracellular environment, where it acts as a signaling molecule capable of activating specific purinergic receptors
(P2YRs and P2XRs) that modulate the response to ATP. Extracellular ATP signaling is a dynamic
area of research, with particular interest in ATP’s effects on inflammatory conditions and pain modulation. Clodronate differs from other bisphosphonates that contain an amino group in their structure (N-BPs), and it is metabolized within osteoclasts into a toxic ATP analog, AppCCl2p, which
causes mitochondrial dysfunction and osteoclast apoptosis. This characteristic differentiates Clodronate from N-BPs, as the latter act by interfering with the mevalonate pathway. Clodronate has
demonstrated anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in various bone and musculoskeletal diseases through mechanisms involving macrophages, neutrophils, peripheral nociceptors, and the central nervous system.

ATP produced inside cells is accumulated within transport vesicles, where it penetrates via a
VNUT channel and is then released extracellularly, playing an active role in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, neurotransmission of pain, and liver disease regulation. Clodronate influences these processes due to its strong inhibitory effect on VNUT-mediated ATP release.

The aim of this review is to highlight the therapeutic potential offered by appropriate modulation
of cellular ATP release and the inhibitory effects of Clodronate on the channel through which
ATP penetrates transport vesicles.
Imaging and Clinical Features of Primary Thoracic Lymphangioma
Authors: Zhang Mingxia , Li Ling , Huo Meng , Sun Lei , Zhang Chunyan , Sun Ying , Wang Rengui
Published: January 2025

Background:

Primary thoracic lymphangioma is a rare disease. Most of the previous studies are comprised of individual case reports, with a very limited number
of patients included.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) imaging features and clinical manifestations of thoracic lymphangioma,
thereby enhancing our understanding of the condition.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 patients diagnosed with thoracic lymphangioma, comprising 32 males and 30 females. The study
focused on analyzing the chest CT imaging features and the clinical manifestations observed in these patients.

Results:

The incidence rates of thoracic lymphangioma did not differ significantly between males and females; however, it was more frequently observed in children and adolescents. The most common clinical symptoms included cough, fever, chylothorax, chylous pericardium, and lymphedema. The mediastinum (82.3%) emerged as the most frequent location for thoracic lymphangioma, followed by the chest wall (62.9%), bone (40.3%), and pleura (32.3%). Pulmonary lymphangioma, the least prevalent subtype (19.4%), exhibited a propensity to induce respiratory symptoms, frequently manifesting as a generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA). Furthermore, elevated levels of D-dimer were detected in 34 patients (54.8%) with thoracic lymphangioma.

Conclusions:

Imaging examinations play a crucial role in assisting clinicians in making more accurate early diagnoses of thoracic lymphangioma. They are also
helpful for assessing the extent of systemic infiltration and enhancing diagnostic precision. With radiological assessment, clinicians could more
readily select appropriate therapeutic treatments and monitor the progression of follow-up care.
Modeling for Copper Recovery from E-Waste by Using Machine Learning Technique: An Approach for the Circular Economy
Authors: Srivastava Sunil Kumar , Shrivastava Rahul
Published: January 2025

Background:

Copper, a precious metal in e-waste, presents a substantial economic opportunity.
The study estimates that ~322000 tons of copper are discarded annually worldwide as ewaste.
Given the significant financial value of copper, its recovery from e-waste is beneficial and
crucial. This process also plays a pivotal role in waste management and recycling hazardous waste.
The potential reduction in e-waste in landfills is a direct result of this strategic approach to waste
management, offering a more sustainable and optimistic outlook for the future. This research paves
the way for a future where e-waste is no longer a burden on our environment.

Methodology:

This study is structured around a robust two-step process. It begins with an experiment
focused on copper recovery using hydrometallurgical methods. The modeling leverages the
power of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques to predict copper recovery from
e-waste. This innovative approach not only promises but also has the potential to revolutionize the
field of copper recovery, inspiring further innovation and progress.

Results:

The model was developed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and a Boosting Algorithm
(BA). Based on four crucial variables (H2SO4, H2O2, Solid/Liquid ratio, and Reaction Time),
this model provides a comprehensive understanding of Cu recovery. H2SO4 is a crucial component
during the leaching process; H2O2 facilitates Cu oxidation, the Solid/Liquid ratio affects the efficiency,
and Reaction Time determines the completion of the process. The ANN and BA-based models
yield satisfactory results in Cu recovery, achieving over 94% yield under optimized conditions.

Conclusion:

The model developed in this study can potentially revolutionize copper recovery. By
automating the process, we can significantly reduce the stress of copper mining, which relieves the
environment. We can also promote a circular economy, offering a promising future for sustainable
copper recovery. This could be a game-changer in the field of waste management and recycling.
Preparation of Photoelectrodes of Pd/Ag/TiO2 NTs and Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Tylosin
Authors: Bai Haina , Ren Guangqin , Liu Congze , Wang Xinyan , Zhang Jian , Li Rui
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

In this study, aiming to solve the problem of difficult recovery of powder
catalysts in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater by photocatalytic technology, titanium dioxide
nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) photoelectrodes were prepared on titanium sheet substrates by anodic oxidation
method.

Methods:

The precious metals Pd and Ag were introduced to be co-deposited, which realized the
effective transfer of photogenerated electrons between the semiconductor and the precious metals
and remarkably improved the photoelectrocatalytic activity of the photoelectrodes.

Results:

The experimental results showed that the prepared Pd/Ag/TiO2 NTs composite photoelectrode
achieved a removal efficiency of 79.51% for tylosin (TYL) within 240 min, which was significantly
better than that of the pure TiO2 NTs (1.42-fold) and Ag/TiO2 NTs (1.05-fold) photoelectrodes.
Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the loading of Ag and Pd on the surface of TiO2
NTs can effectively promote the transport and separation of photogenerated charge carriers, thus
improving the photoelectrocatalytic performance. In addition, the degradation process of TYL and
the dynamic changes of intermediates were deeply analyzed with the help of three-dimensional fluorescence
spectroscopy (3D EEMs) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) techniques.

Conclusion:

This study provides not only an expanded application of solid catalysts in photoelectrocatalytic
treatment of antibiotic wastewater but also new insights for further investigation of the codeposition
of precious metals to improve photoelectrodes.
DRESS Mimicking Flushing Syndrome Associated with Vancomycin: A Case Report
Authors: Khanth P.E Sanjeev , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Gaikwad Nitin R. , Wasnik Preetam N.
Published: January 2025

Background:

The Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
(DRESS) is a serious adverse reaction that occurs weeks after the onset of drug exposure.
DRESS syndrome is commonly associated with antiseizure drugs, sulfa drugs, and antibiotics.

Case Presentation:

This was a case report of a 20-year-old female who suffered from DRESS
due to vancomycin with symptoms similar to the Redman syndrome. The patient had a case of
infectious endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin
was intravenously administered. On the 18th day, during the administration of vancomycin,
the patient developed sudden severe flushing over the face and trunk. The offending drug
was suspended and treated with antihistamines in view of Redman syndrome. Later, the patient
developed uncontrolled fever, desquamating rash all over the body, severe pruritis, and eosinophilia.
On applying the RegiScar score, a probable case of DRESS was diagnosed. The patient
was managed symptomatically and discharged.

Discussion:

The clinical presentation of DRESS includes skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and organ
involvement. But, in this case, there was a varied initial presentation of DRESS with severe
flushing, which mimics the Redman syndrome due to vancomycin. Difficulty in establishing organ
involvement remained a challenge in diagnosing DRESS.

Conclusion:

DRESS can have a varied clinical presentation. Careful monitoring of all vital parameters
is important in preventing the misdiagnosis of DRESS syndrome.
The Dual Role of ADAMTS9-AS1 in Various Human Cancers: Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications
Authors: He Haodong , Yang Jingjie , Zhou Yan , Zheng Xinyan , Chen Lihan , Mao Zhujun , Liao Chuyuan , Li Tongtong , Liu Haoran , Zhou Gang , Li Houdong , Yuan Chengfu
Published: January 2025

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA distinguished by a length exceeding
200 nucleotides. Recent studies indicated that lncRNAs participate in various biological processes, such as chromatin
remodeling, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and the modulation of cell proliferation,
death, and differentiation, hence influencing gene expression and cellular function. ADAMTS9-AS1, an antisense
long non-coding RNA situated on human chromosome 3p14.1, has garnered significant interest due to its pivotal
involvement in the advancement and spread of diverse malignant tumors. ADAMTS9-AS1 functions as a competitive
endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that interacts with multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) and plays a crucial role in
regulating gene expression and cellular functions by modulating essential signaling pathways, including
PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and Ras/MAPK pathways. Dysregulation of this factor has been linked to
tumor development, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptotic mechanisms, including as iron-induced apoptosis,
underscoring its intricate function in cancer pathology. While current research has clarified certain pathways
involved in cancer formation, additional clinical and in vivo investigations are necessary to enhance comprehension
of its specific involvement across various cancer types. This review encapsulates the recent discoveries
on the correlation of ADAMTS9-AS1 with numerous malignancies, clarifying its molecular mechanisms and
its prospective role as a therapeutic target in oncology. Furthermore, it identifies ADAMTS9-AS1 as a potential
early diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target, offering novel opportunities for targeted intervention in oncology.
Transforming Plastic Waste into Biofuel Oil: An Evaluation and Conceptual Outlook with Implications for Transitional Energy
Authors: J. Mohammed Azarudeen , Mariadhas Anish , J.R. Deepak , J. Jayaprabakar
Published: January 2025

As traditional fuel sources such as gasoline, diesel, and petroleum continue to dwindle
rapidly, the search for alternative fuels becomes increasingly urgent. While renewable energy
sources are often touted as a viable option, their efficiency remains compromised by high costs
and challenges in harnessing energy. However, recent advancements have spotlighted a promising
avenue: generating electricity from waste. Pyrolysis, particularly of plastic waste, has emerged as
a viable energy source, thanks to technological progress. This article delves into an in-depth exploration
of the pyrolysis process and its resulting byproducts. Researchers have meticulously analyzed
the liquid oil yielded from this operation, examining the interplay of factors such as operating
temperature, reaction duration, biomass infusion, and catalysts. The calorific values of oils derived
from various polymers are found to rival those of traditional fuels, underscoring the potential
of pyrolysis. Moreover, incorporating biomass resources like paper and wood has been shown
to enhance both yield and calorific value. Identified avenues for further investigation highlight the
ongoing potential of pyrolysis as a cutting-edge technology for energy conversion. In essence, pyrolysis
offers a dual solution: mitigating plastic waste while also contributing to sustainable energy
production.
Field Tests of Soil Properties under Water Tanks
Authors: Ahmeti Muhamet , Ahmeti Hysen
Published: January 2025

Aim

This paper aimed to show through the achieved results the characteristics of the soil for the placement of water tanks in the study area (located on the northern side of the city of Prizren).

Objectives

CPT, CPTU, VST, and DMT procedures have been used to determine the research area's necessary and adequate parameters in order to construct the engineering object.

Introduction

The purpose of the study was to understand and characterize a place for the purpose of building engineering objects, for which field tests of soil qualities are crucial.

Methods

A work methodology with two phases was employed to complete the project. Fieldwork was the focus of the first stage, while analysis, interpretation, and paper writing comprised the second stage that followed.

Results

The ASTM D 1586 and AASHTI T-206 standards' requirements were followed in carrying out the tests. In the static penetration test, a pipe with a diameter of 36 mm and a surface area of 10 cm2 was utilized, and the test was conducted by placing the pipe vertically on the ground and measuring the number of blows. According to ASTM D1194, the plate loading test was conducted. The groundwater level was discovered to be at a depth of 4 m, while the static penetration test revealed the sand layer to have a respectable thickness. The values of the substrate reaction modulus (Ks) ranged from 17x104 to 22x104 kN/m3. Ten vertical tests using the plate-shear test method were also conducted in this study region, and the results are displayed in Fig. (10) (p-curve). The results of this work are a very important tool in the examination and analysis of land for the construction of various construction facilities, providing an example for engineers of how the procedures should be analyzed.

Conclusion

The area studied in this work is located in Prizren's northern region. In medium- to dense-grained soils, the findings of the common penetration test and the plate load test may be comparable. A plate bearing test can be used to predict the bearing capacity of a superficial layer of soil without the need for an extensive soil analysis, which will save time and money. Alternative tactics, such as plate-bearing tests, may be employed if comprehensive investigations are not practical.