bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performing Translations: Rethinking Christian Wolff's Alternative Notation (1960-1968) in the Context of His Creative Communities
Authors:   , Stearns Jessica
Published: January 2025

Christian Wolff's alternatively notated scores grant the performer several interpretive choices. These pieces feature symbols (known as "coordination neumes") that instruct performers when to begin and end a sound event in relation to the sounds being made around them, thereby generating a reactive improvisation between the musicians. Among these scores are five compositions that form the basis of this project: For 5 or 10 People (1962), In Between Pieces (1963), For 1, 2, or 3 People (1964), Septet (1964), and Edges (1968). Focusing on these pieces specifically, this dissertation explores the unique performance practices required by Wolff's indeterminate music and contextualizes that music within his career in classics and comparative literature, particularly with regard to the concept of translation, and within his creative communities. These creative communities include his fellow New York School composers, New York's wider downtown artistic scenes in the 1950s and 60s, and the experimental music scenes at Cologne and Darmstadt. While scholars such as David Behrman, Thomas DeLio, and Mark Nelson have addressed the interactive quality of Wolff's notation and the technical skills needed to execute his pieces, I argue that there are deeper processes at work in these compositions that go beyond typical discussions of performance practice. Applying Gestalt psychology's principles of organization as a means of analyzing the process of performing these works, I reveal potential conflicts between the temporal spacing implied by the notation's visual elements and the temporal spacing in an actual performance. I also examine the discography of Wolff's pieces and compare recordings to demonstrate how different realizations can be. Lastly, using an autoethnographic approach, I argue that Wolff's coordination neumes create a collaborative atmosphere among performers that act as an on-stage representation of the artistic community fostered in New York's cultural environment at mid-century. Ultimately, in making connections between these works, their performance practices, and the cultural and intellectual environments in which they were produced, this dissertation establishes new perspectives on, and approaches to, experimental notational practices as a whole, both for historical and analytic scholarship as well as performance studies.
Identification and Characterization of Two Putative Sulfate Transporters Essential for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Medicago truncatula
Authors:   , Pradhan Rajashree
Published: January 2025

The process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume root nodules requires the channeling and exchange of nutrients within and between the host plant cells and between the plant cells and their resident rhizobia. Using a forward genetics approach in the Medicago truncatula Tnt1 mutant population followed by whole genome sequencing, two putative sulfate transporter genes, MtSULTR3;5 and MtSULTR3;4b, were identified. To support the hypothesis that the defective putative sulfate transporter genes were the causative mutation for the mutants' phenotypes, the M. truncatula Tnt1 population was successfully reverse screened to find other mutant alleles of the genes. The F2 progeny of mutants backcrossed with wildtype R108 demonstrated co-segregation of mutant phenotypes with the mutant alleles confirming that the mutated mtsultr3;5 and mtsultr3;4b genes were the cause of defective SNF in the mutant lines mutated in the respective genes. This finding was further established for mtsultr3;4b by successful functional complementation of a mutant line defective in the gene with the wildtype copy of MtSULTR3;4b. A MtSULTR3;4b promoter-GUS expression experiment indicated MtSULTR3;4b expression in the vasculature and infected and uninfected plant cells of root nodules. MtSULTR3;4b was found to localize to the autophagosome membrane when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. A transcriptomics study on the mutant nodules revealed the probable impact of mutated mtsultr3;5 and mtsultr3;4b on expression of genes involved in N fixation and on other biological processes, including possible effects of the mutated genes on the transcriptional regulation of sulfate assimilation pathway in the respective mutants' nodules. The RNAseq study also demonstrated the mis-regulation of nodule zone-specific genes in mtsultr3;5 and mtsultr3;4b mutants. A PCR-based approach was used to study the transcription of MtSULTR3;5 and MtSULTR3;4b in the respective mutant lines. The study demonstrated formation of readthrough chimeric gene-Tnt1 transcripts in mtsultr3;5 mutant alleles and truncated chimeric gene-Tnt1 transcripts and aberrantly spliced transcripts or no transcripts in mtsultr3;4b mutant alleles. Gene expression analysis of all MtSULTR genes using qRT-PCR was carried out in wildtype M. truncatula R108 nodules at a time course to evaluate the MtSULTR genes for their potential involvement in the SNF process.
Managerial Ability and Labor Investment
Authors: Anderson Mark , Sherer Peter , Yu Dongning
Published: January 2025

The capability of higher-ability managers to acquire and use resources more efficiently than lower-ability managers suggests a positive linear relation between labor investment efficiency (LIE) and managerial ability (MA). However, a puzzle emerges about how the best managers set themselves apart from their peers, calling into question the linearity of the relation between LIE and MA. We explore this puzzle by asking how the highest-ability managers achieve the highest performance levels. We then investigate this puzzle empirically by considering alternatives to a linear relation between LIE and MA. We begin with the distinction that managers achieve the highest performance when they combine efficient exploitation of existing products and services with successful exploration for innovations in products and services. This point is relevant to our puzzle because a firm’s labor needs for exploration are high and unpredictable. Thus, we expect the highest-ability managers to purposefully invest more than predicted by a model of optimal labor investment across firms. In contrast, we expect low-ability managers, who are less able to evaluate, forecast, and make efficient investments, to deviate more from predicted labor investment and vacillate between over- and underinvestment. We present evidence that supports our predictions of nonlinear relations between LIE and MA, with high-ability managers investing more than predicted and low-ability managers over- and underinvesting. We make and test related hypotheses about exploration (investment in research and development), and we probe further by relating future firm performance to over- and underinvestment in labor for different levels of MA.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Funding: This work was supported by the CPA Alberta Education Foundation.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.01932 .
How Outcome Prediction Could Aid Clinical Practice
Authors: Clift Ashley Kieran
Published: January 2025

Predictive algorithms have myriad potential clinical decision-making implications from prognostic counselling to improving clinical trial efficiency. Large observational (or “real world”) cohorts are a common data source for the development and evaluation of such tools. There is significant optimism regarding the benefits and use cases for risk-based care, but there is a notable disparity between the volume of clinical prediction models published and implementation into healthcare systems that drive and realise patient benefit. Considering the perspective of a clinician or clinical researcher that may encounter clinical predictive algorithms in the near future as a user or developer, this editorial: (1) discusses the ways in which prediction models built using observational data could inform better clinical decisions; (2) summarises the main steps in producing a model with special focus on key appraisal factors; and (3) highlights recent work driving evolution in the ways that we should conceptualise, build and evaluate these tools.
Efficient monocular-vision-based dynamic calibration method for the
sensitivities of low-frequency linear and angular accelerometers
Authors: Chen Hongjiang , Zuo Shengnan , Cao Xiongheng , Wu Shanshan , Zou Yi
Published: January 2025

The linear and angular
accelerometers are widely used to measure the basic dynamic parameters
in various aspects. However, the current calibration methods for
determining their sensitivities are quite independent. This study
investigates a monocular vision dynamic calibration method with a
linear and angular excitation generation device, which can
simultaneously determine the sensitivities. This method utilizes the
improved Lucy–Richardson edge enhancement and line segment detection
edge extraction methods to improve the calibration accuracy.
Comparison experiments with the conventional methods show that the
investigated method can obtain considerable accuracy in the
0.1–1 Hz and promote the unification of linear and angular
vibration metrology.
Demonstration of 200G pre-amplified self-coherent PON
Authors: Fang Yuhao , Zhu Haojie , Lu Weiqi , Yuan Puzhen , Shi Dayu , Lu Dongxu , Ji Honglin , Shieh William
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a C-band 200G pre-amplified self-coherent passive optical network (SC-PON). To mitigate the reduction in receiver sensitivity resulting from co-transmitted carriers in self-coherent systems, a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is deployed at the ONU side before a Stokes vector receiver. To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal, we conduct a proof-of-concept system experiment using a pre-amplified 50-GBaud 16-QAM SC-PON in the downstream direction. Remarkably, we achieve a data rate of 200Gb/s/λ over a 20-km single-mode fiber (SMF) with a receiver sensitivity of -19 dBm. Moreover, our system surpasses the power budget specified by ITU-T class N1 and IEEE class PR(X), achieving a power budget beyond 30 dB under the 15% SD-FEC threshold of 2 × 10−2.
Amplify high harmonic generation via anharmonic phonons in PbTe
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2025

High-harmonic generation (HHG) provides insights into the nonlinear optics dynamics of the electrons with inherent attosecond temporal resolution. However, current strategies of HHG control suffer from low efficiency and weak radiation. Here we employ phonons in the field of high-harmonic generation over a broad range of wavelengths and elliptically polarized light, providing a significant approach for the efficient and flexible manipulation of HHG. Our results indicate that the symmetry breaking induced by transverse optical (TO) and transverse acoustic (TA) phonon modes can extremely enhance the intensity of HHG in PbTe. In addition, we report the emergence of magnetization due to the noncentrosymmetric states of the TO and longitudinal optical (LO) phonons. These results pave the way toward perturbative and nonperturbative nonlinear optics and significantly contribute to the attosecond science.
Broadband imaging spectrometer based on conical diffraction for extreme ultraviolet source
Authors: Li Ruixuan , Tang Jiyue , Li Kui , Zhang Guangyin , Xu Hao , Wang Yutong , Ma Yongjun , Liao Lifen , Zhang Shanwen , Chen Xinrong , Sun Lei , Li Chaoming , Li Jie , Fan Zhongwei
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate what we believe to be a novel design of an imaging spectrometer tailored for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources, employing uniformly spaced planar gratings. For what appears to be the first time, our approach adopts a grating-toroid-grating configuration for spectral measurements femtosecond high-harmonic EUV lasers. This spectrometer performs superior in point-to-point imaging modes and the resulting experimental setup is very simple. And because of its special structure, this spectrometer can achieve aberration-free imaging of image spots in all working wavelength ranges. The resulting experimental setup is notably straightforward, yet it delivers an optimized combination of high flux efficiency, sufficient spectral resolution, and broad spectral coverage. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the aberration of the device is studied, and a reasonable data simulation is carried out. Our findings, which harmoniously merge experiment data with theoretical simulations and analyses, meticulously delineate the origins of aberrations. This point-to-point imaging spectrometer could serve a broad spectrum of scientific research applications. It facilitates ultrafast spectroscopic and pump-probe experiments with femtosecond to picosecond precision, suitable for both foundational and applied research endeavors across diverse disciplines.
Demodulation algorithm for temperature and pressure sensing in side-hole fiber Bragg gratings using a CNN-LSTM network
Authors: Lai Xianyu , Liang Lei , Tong Xiaoling , Peng Liantao , Chen Tianwei , Cao Tianmingxuan
Published: January 2025

The birefringent properties of side-hole fiber Bragg grating(SHFBG) provide an effective solution for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure in confined spaces, such as those encountered in the petroleum and aviation industries. Nevertheless, the combined effects of external pressure and temperature result in the separation and overlap of the reflection spectrum of SHFBG in different polarization directions, posing significant challenges for accurate demodulation using traditional algorithms. In response, we propose a deep learning model based on a CNN-LSTM architecture, specifically crafted to tackle the challenges of high-precision temperature and pressure demodulation in SHFBG. The experimental results indicate that the model performs exceptionally well even in datasets with low wavelength resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of only 0.296 MPa for pressure and 0.276°C for temperature, while on the experimental measurement dataset, the errors are 2.425°C and 2.243 MPa. Comparative experiments with various neural network architectures demonstrate that our CNN-LSTM network surpasses other neural network models in terms of training accuracy and generalization capability. This research paves the way for further studies and broader applications of SHFBGs.
Optical noise suppression in epitaxial quantum dot lasers on silicon under mutual injection locking
Authors: Qu Luochen , Chu Qi , Wang Wenlu , Jin Zhiyong , Gui Fengqiao , He Feng , Wang Jiawei , Yao Yong , Xu Xiaochuan , Wang Cheng , Duan Jianan
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a theoretical investigation into the influence of mutual injection locking on the optical noise characteristics of epitaxial quantum dot (QD) lasers on silicon. The findings reveal that mutual injection locking significantly enhances the output power of QD lasers, achieving up to 3.45 times the output power of their free-running counterparts. Furthermore, the optical noise performance is substantially improved. Specifically, the spectral linewidth undergoes pronounced narrowing even at low coupling ratios, with the linewidth reduced from 3.50 MHz in free-running operation to as low as 13.1 kHz at a coupling ratio of 0.2, effectively mitigating the impact of non-radiative recombination. Additionally, mutual injection locking dramatically improves the relative intensity noise (RIN), achieving a reduction of 14.74 dB/Hz and a minimum RIN of −152.66 dB/Hz. These results highlight mutual injection locking as a practical and efficient strategy for realizing on-chip light sources with narrow linewidths and low-intensity noise, thereby advancing the development of photonic integrated circuits on silicon.
Disk resonator metasurface emitter for infrared-laser compatible stealth with dual-band thermal management
Authors: Zhou Ziping , Liu Yue , Liu Yufang , Qian Mengdan , Yu Kun
Published: January 2025

Significant advancements have been made in multiband infrared detectors, making the integration of multiband infrared compatibility with stealth capabilities essential for counteracting multiband infrared detection. This paper introduces a multiband metamaterial selective thermal emitter featuring an Ag/TiO2/Ag nanosandwich structure capable of achieving both infrared and laser-compatible stealth. Through the use of inherent absorption in lossy dielectrics, magnetic resonance properties of MIM structures, and coupling of propagating surface plasmons with Fabry-Pérot cavity resonances, the multiband infrared stealth compatibility is effectively controlled. The fabricated samples show low emissivity (ɛ 3-5 µm = 0.09, ɛ 8-14 µm = 0.54) in atmospheric windows, contributing to infrared stealth invisibility, and high emissivity (ɛ 2.5-3 µm = 0.50, ɛ 5-8 µm = 0.69) in non-atmospheric windows, facilitating radiative cooling. The sample exhibits lower surface temperatures compared to aluminum thin films, demonstrating superior thermal management. Additionally, high absorption at 1.55 µm (ɛ = 0.86) and 10.6 µm (ɛ = 0.94) is achieved due to the interference of the TiO2 layer and its inherent loss characteristics, facilitating laser camouflage. Moreover, this study centers on a multiband selective thermal emitter based on a metasurface structure, offering significant potential for multiband infrared camouflage technology.
KSHV hijacks the antiviral kinase IKKε to initiate lytic replication
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Liu Zhenshan , Xu Xue , Wang Xin , Ming Zizhen , Liu Chengrong , Gao Hang , Li Tingting , Liang Qiming
Published: January 2025

IKKε is a traditional antiviral kinase known for positively regulating the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) during various virus infections. However, through an inhibitor screen targeting cellular kinases, we found that IKKε plays a crucial role in the lytic replication of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Mechanistically, during KSHV lytic replication, IKKε undergoes significant SUMOylation at both Lys321 and Lys549 by the viral SUMO E3 ligase ORF45. This SUMOylation event leads to the association of IKKε with PML, resulting in the disruption of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and subsequent increase in lytic replication of KSHV. Notably, IKKε does not affect the total expression level of PML but facilitates the translocation of PML from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during KSHV lytic replication. Further experiments utilizing mutations on the SUMOylation sites of IKKε or inhibiting IKKε using BAY-985 showed that these actions no longer impact PML NBs and completely suppress the lytic replication of KSHV. These findings not only emphasize the essential role of IKKε in the life cycle of KSHV but also illustrate how KSHV exploits IKKε through SUMOylation modification to enhance its own replication process.
Insights into the origin, hybridisation and adaptation of Candida metapsilosis hybrid pathogens
Authors: del Olmo Valentina , Redondo-Río Álvaro , García Alicia Benavente , Limtong Savitree , Saus Ester , Gabaldón Toni
Published: January 2025

Hybridisation is a source of genetic diversity, can drive adaptation to new niches and has been found to be a frequent event in lineages harbouring pathogenic fungi. However, little is known about the genomic implications of hybridisation nor its impact on pathogenicity-related traits. A common limitation for addressing these questions is the narrow representativity of sequenced genomes, mostly corresponding to strains isolated from infected patients. The opportunistic human pathogen Candida metapsilosis is a hybrid that descends from the crossing between unknown parental lineages. Here, we sequenced the genomes of five new C. metapsilosis isolates, one representing the first African isolate for this species, and four environmental isolates from marine niches. Our comparative genomic analyses, including a total of 29 sequenced strains, shed light on the phylogenetic relationships between C. metapsilosis hybrid isolates and show that environmental strains are closely related to clinical ones and belong to different clades, suggesting multiple independent colonisations. Furthermore, we identify a new diverging clade likely emerging from the same hybridisation event that originated two other previously described hybrid clades. Lastly, we evaluate phenotypes relevant during infection such as drug susceptibility, thermotolerance or virulence. We identify low drug susceptibility phenotypes which we suggest might be driven by loss of heterozygosity events in key genes. We discover that thermotolerance is mainly clade-dependent and find a correlation with the faecal origin of some strains which highlights the adaptive potential of the fungus as commensal.
Music education through distance learning in Croatian and Serbian music schools: Teachers’ attitudes
Authors: Svalina Vesna , Ristivojević Ana
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to examine the opinions of teachers (n = 589) employed in music schools in the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia on the coping of students in distance learning. The results show that students from both countries, despite facing numerous problems, have successfully coped with the realization of distance music instruction. Teachers also mentioned that students may not achieve the same level of progress in online learning as they do in traditional face-to-face instruction. Teachers from Croatia more often point out that students have all the necessary conditions for successful participation in distance learning and that they regularly perform their tasks. Opinions of teachers from Croatia and Serbia do not differ significantly in terms of time that students invest in performing tasks in distance learning and student satisfaction with conducting distance learning. In order to ensure a better transition of teachers and students in a stimulating virtual environment and to enable the successful achievement of educational goals, it is necessary to achieve changes in both countries that will enable more extensive integration of information and communication technologies in the teaching process. It is also necessary to ensure professional development of teachers regarding the application of new technologies in the educational process.
Simvastatin Could Prevent Increase of the Serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 Ratio in Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Kurzepa Jacek , Szczepanska-Szerej A. , Stryjecka-Zimmer M. , Malecka-Massalska T. , Stelmasiak Z.
Published: January 2025

MMP-9 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AIS and predicts haemorrhagic transformation of the ischaemic focus. The aim of our study was to analyse both serum MMP-9 and its most specific endogenous inhibitor (TIMP-1) levels in AIS and to check whether HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) affects the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio value. Fifty patients with AIS were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (N = 25) treated with 40 mg/day with simvastatin within 24 hours after the onset of stroke and Group II (N = 25) non-treated with statin. To evaluate MMP-9 and TIMP-1 serum levels, the ELISA method was used. The serum MMP-9 level was significantly elevated on the 7th day of stroke in both groups (from 668 to 862 ng/ml and 670 to 855 ng/ml, respectively, in Group I and II). The serum TIMP-1 level was also elevated on the 7th day of stroke in both groups but the results were not significant. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was elevated on the 7th day of stroke in both groups, but the result was significant only in the Group II (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that simvastatin given during 24 hours after the onset of stroke could have an influence on the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio during AIS.
Polymorphisms of the MDR1 Gene in the Czech Population
Authors: Pechandová Kristina , Buzková H. , Slanař O. , Perlík F.
Published: January 2025

There exists a marked inter-individual variability of P-glycoprotein expression and activity, which can be of clinical importance due to the large number of drugs that are substrates for the transporter. Previously identified polymorphisms in the MDR1 gene belong to important factors causing this phenomenon. Our aim was to investigate the frequency of major functional SNPs of the MDR1 gene coding for P-glycoprotein in the Czech population. DNA was isolated from whole blood of 189 healthy, young and unrelated subjects (99 females and 90 males, aged from 23 to 28 years). The genotypes of polymorphic positions C3435T, G2677T/A, C1236T and T-76A were determined by PCR-RFLP. Observed allelic frequencies were 56.5%, 46.0%, 0.53%, 44.5% and 37.6% for the alleles 3435T, 2677T, 2677A, 1236T and -76A, respectively. We have found 64 subjects homozygous for 3435T, 42 for 2677T, 40 for 1236T and 31 for -76A alleles. The allelic distribution complies well with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allelic frequencies of functionally important MDR1 variants are in the Czech population similar to that of other Caucasian populations.
Application of fluid dynamics in modeling the spatial spread of infectious diseases with low mortality rate: A study using MUSCL scheme
Authors: Nnaji Daniel Ugochukwu , Kiogora Phineas Roy , Onah Ifeanyi Sunday , Mung’atu Joseph , Aguegboh Nnaemeka Stanley
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive mathematical framework that applies fluid dynamics to model the spatial spread of infectious diseases with low mortality rates. By treating susceptible, infected, and treated population densities as fluids governed by a system of partial differential equations, the study simulates the epidemic’s spatial dynamics. The Monotone Upwind Scheme for Conservation Laws is employed to enhance the accuracy of numerical solutions, providing a high-resolution approach for capturing disease transmission patterns. The model’s analogy between fluid flow and epidemic propagation reveals critical insights into how diseases disperse geographically, influenced by factors like human mobility and environmental conditions. Numerical simulations show that the model can predict the evolution of infection and treatment population densities over time, offering practical applications for public health strategies. Sensitivity analysis of the reproduction number highlights the influence of key epidemiological parameters, guiding the development of more efficient disease control measures. This work contributes a novel perspective to spatial epidemiology by integrating principles of fluid dynamics, aiding in the design of targeted interventions for controlling disease outbreaks.
Differential Impacts of Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopia on the Mesoscale Functional Organization of the Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Nasr Shahin , Skerswetat Jan , Gaier Eric D. , Malladi Sarala N. , Kennedy Bryan , Tootell Roger B. H. , Bex Peter , Hunter David G.
Published: January 2025

We employed high-resolution fMRI to distinguish the impacts of anisometropia and strabismus amblyopia on the evoked ocular dominance (OD) response. Sixteen amblyopic participants (eight females) plus eight individuals with normal vision (one female), participated in this study for whom we measured the difference between the response to stimulation of the two eyes, across areas V1–V4. In controls, the evoked OD response formed the expected striped pattern within V1. Compared to controls, the OD response in amblyopic participants formed larger fused patches that extended into downstream visual areas. Moreover, both anisometropic and strabismic participants showed elevated OD responses across V1–V4. Beyond these common effects, and despite similar densities of amblyopia between the two groups, strabismus, and anisometropia had differential impacts on the OD bias, binocular response, and correlation between V1 depth levels. Specifically, we found a greater increase in the size of the V1 portion that responded preferentially to fellow eye stimulation in anisometropic compared with strabismic individuals. We also found a greater difference between the amplitudes of the response to binocular stimulation, in those regions that responded preferentially to the fellow versus amblyopic eye, in anisometropic compared with strabismic participants. In contrast, strabismic participants demonstrated an increased correlation between the OD responses evoked within V1 superficial and deep depths, whereas anisometropic individuals did not. These results provide the primary direct functional evidence for distinct impacts of strabismus and anisometropia on the mesoscale functional organization of the human visual system, thus extending what was inferred previously about amblyopia from animal models.
A Singular Theory of Sensorimotor Coordination: On Targeted Motions in Space
Authors: Opsomer Laurent , Vandergooten Simon , Tagliabue Michele , Thonnard Jean-Louis , Lefèvre Philippe , McIntyre Joseph
Published: January 2025

Gravity has long been purported to serve a unique role in sensorimotor coordination, but the specific mechanisms underlying gravity-based visuomotor realignment remain elusive. In this study, astronauts (nine males, two females) performed targeted hand movements with eyes open or closed, both on the ground and in weightlessness. Measurements revealed systematic drift in hand-path orientation seen only when eyes were closed and only in very specific conditions with respect to gravity. In weightlessness, drift in path orientation was observed in two postures (seated, supine) for two different movement axes (longitudinal, sagittal); on Earth, such drift was only observed during longitudinal (horizontal) movements performed in the supine posture. In addition to providing clear evidence that gravitational cues play a fundamental role in sensorimotor coordination, these unique observations lead us to propose an “inverted pendulum” hypothesis to explain the saliency of the gravity vector for eye–hand coordination—and why eye–hand coordination is altered during body tilt or in weightlessness.
Large Donor CRISPR for Whole-Coding Sequence Replacement of Cell Adhesion Molecule LRRTM2
Authors: Pollitt Stephanie L. , Levy Aaron D. , Anderson Michael C. , Blanpied Thomas A.
Published: January 2025

The cell adhesion molecule leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 2 (LRRTM2) is crucial for synapse development and function. However, our understanding of its endogenous trafficking has been limited due to difficulties in manipulating its coding sequence (CDS) using standard genome editing techniques. Instead, we replaced the entire LRRTM2 CDS by adapting a two-guide CRISPR knock-in method, enabling complete control of LRRTM2. In primary rat hippocampal cultures dissociated from embryos of both sexes, N-terminally tagged, endogenous LRRTM2 was found in 80% of synapses, and synaptic LRRTM2 content correlated with PSD-95 and AMPAR levels. LRRTM2 was also enriched with AMPARs outside synapses, demonstrating the sensitivity of this method to detect relevant new biology. Finally, we leveraged total genomic control to increase the synaptic levels of LRRTM2 via simultaneous mutation of its C-terminal domain, which did not correspondingly increase AMPAR enrichment. The coding region of thousands of genes span lengths suitable for whole-CDS replacement, suggesting this simple approach will enable straightforward structure–function analysis in neurons.
Motor Functional Hierarchical Organization of Cerebrum and Its Underlying Genetic Architecture in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Bu Shuting , Li Xiaolu , Pang Huize , Zhao Mengwan , Wang Juzhou , Liu Yu , Yu Hongmei , Jiang Yueluan , Fan Guoguang
Published: January 2025

Hierarchy has been identified as a principle underlying the organization of human brain networks. However, it remains unclear how the network hierarchy is disrupted in Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and how it is modulated by the underlying genetic architecture. The aim of this study was to explore alterations in the motor functional hierarchical organization of the cerebrum and their underlying genetic mechanism. In this study, the brain network hierarchy of each group was described through a connectome gradient analysis among 68 healthy controls (HC), 70 postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype, and 69 tremor-dominant (TD) subtype, including both male and female participants, according to its motor symptoms. Furthermore, transcription-neuroimaging association analyses using gene expression data from Allen Human Brain Atlas and case-control gradient differences were performed to identify genes associated with gradient alterations. Different PD motor subtypes exhibited contracted principal and secondary functional gradients relative to HC. The identified genes in different PD motor subtypes enriched for shared biological processes like metal ion transport and inorganic ion transmembrane transport. In addition, these genes were overexpressed in Ntsr+ neurons cell, enriched in extensive cortical regions and wide developmental time windows. Aberrant cerebral functional gradients in PD-related motor symptoms have been detected, and the motor-disturbed genes have shared biological functions. The present findings may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hierarchical alterations in PD.
Topographic Axes of Wiring Space Converge to Genetic Topography in Shaping the Human Cortical Layout
Authors: Li Deying , Wang Yufan , Ma Liang , Wang Yaping , Cheng Luqi , Liu Yinan , Shi Weiyang , Lu Yuheng , Wang Haiyan , Gao Chaohong , Erichsen Camilla T. , Zhang Yu , Yang Zhengyi , Eickhoff Simon B. , Chen Chi-Hua , Jiang Tianzi , Chu Congying , Fan Lingzhong
Published: January 2025

Genetic information is involved in the gradual emergence of cortical areas since the neural tube begins to form, shaping the heterogeneous functions of neural circuits in the human brain. Informed by invasive tract-tracing measurements, the cortex exhibits marked interareal variation in connectivity profiles, revealing the heterogeneity across cortical areas. However, it remains unclear about the organizing principles possibly shared by genetics and cortical wiring to manifest the spatial heterogeneity across the cortex. Instead of considering a complex one-to-one mapping between genetic coding and interareal connectivity, we hypothesized the existence of a more efficient way that the organizing principles are embedded in genetic profiles to underpin the cortical wiring space. Leveraging vertex-wise tractography in diffusion-weighted MRI, we derived the global connectopies (GCs) in both female and male to reliably index the organizing principles of interareal connectivity variation in a low-dimensional space, which captured three dominant topographic patterns along the dorsoventral, rostrocaudal, and mediolateral axes of the cortex. More importantly, we demonstrated that the GCs converge with the gradients of a vertex-by-vertex genetic correlation matrix on the phenotype of cortical morphology and the cortex-wide spatiomolecular gradients. By diving into the genetic profiles, we found that the critical role of genes scaffolding the GCs was related to brain morphogenesis and enriched in radial glial cells before birth and excitatory neurons after birth. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the existence of a genetically determined space that encodes the interareal connectivity variation, which may give new insights into the links between cortical connections and arealization.
МЕХАНІЗМ «СПРАВЕДЛИВОГО ПЕРЕХОДУ» ЯК СКЛАДОВА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ЗЕЛЕНОГО КУРСУ
Authors: ПОЄДИНОК Валерія
Published: January 2025

Європейський зелений курс є системою юридично обов’язкових і необов’язкових заходів, що спрямовані на трансформацію економіки ЄС на засадах сталого розвитку, забезпечують баланс економічних, соціальних та екологічних інтересів у межахправопорядку ЄС. Така трансформація містить «справедливий перехід», тобто економічну диверсифікацію територій, які найбільше постраждають від кліматичного переходу, а також перекваліфікацію й активне залучення їхніх працівниківі шукачів роботи. Для підтримки регіонів, що найбільше постраждають від декарбонізації, Європейська комісія створила Механізм справедливого переходу, складовою частиною якого є Фонд справедливого переходу (ФСП). У статті розглянутоособливості функціонування ФСП та досвід його використання країнами Центральної та Східної Європи. Визначено, що за умови збільшення розміру самого ФСП та забезпечення реальної взаємодії з місцевими стейкхолдерами ФСП можестати корисним інструментом для повоєнного відновлення України.
СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ ЦІЛЕПОКЛАДАННЯ В ПАРАДИГМІ МІСЦЕВОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: ЗАБЛОДСЬКА Інна , ГРЕЧАНА Світлана , ЛЯШЕНКО Павло
Published: January 2025

Сформовано науково-методичне обґрунтування розробки цілепокладальної складової Стратегії соціально-економічного розвитку громади та зауважено, що основоположним процесом розвитку територіальних громад є розробка стратегії розвитку локальної території. А парадигма місцевого економічного розвитку — це концептуальна основа, яка визначає підходи та стратегії для стимулювання економічного зростання на місцевому рівні у контексті архітектури планувальних документів стратегічного характеру. З урахуванням трьох категорій стратегічного цілепокладання визначено, що Зазимська сільська територіальна громада використала підхід ціннісного цілепокладання. Це позначилось у місії та стратегічному баченні розвитку Зазимської територіальної громади. Висвітлено результати SWOT­ аналізу територіальної громади, які стали основою для розробки дерева цілей Зазимської територіальної громади до 2027 року.
Relación entre la personalidad y la adquisición del idioma inglés en el estudiantado de Bachillerato
Authors: Rodríguez Bringas Miguel Ángel , Sánchez Rivera Lilia , Espericueta Medina Marta Nieves
Published: January 2025

Este estudio analizó la relación entre la personalidad del alumnado con la adquisición de la lengua inglesa. Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo y con diseño transversal. Se construyó un instrumento con dos apartados. La primera sección del instrumento evaluó la personalidad del estudiantado, considerando dimensiones como la introversión-extroversión y las funciones psicológicas sensación-intuición y pensante-sentimental. En la segunda sección, se aplicó un examen escrito para evaluar el dominio del idioma, conforme a los descriptores del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCER), abarcando niveles desde A1 hasta B2. Los datos de ambos apartados se concentraron en una única base de datos y se procesaron los análisis estadísticos: correlación, comparativo y descriptivo. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio señalaron tres factores que explicaron el 40.32 % del fenómeno. Se observa que se destacan ciertos rasgos de personalidad, particularmente la extroversión y las funciones psicológicas bipolares (pensamiento-sentimiento y sensación-intuición). Se realizó el análisis de correlación con el promedio del idioma inglés y las variables que se obtuvieron en el factorial exploratorio, los resultados revelaron que existen correlaciones significativas positivas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el estudiantado con perfiles específicos de personalidad puede tener diferentes enfoques y habilidades para aprender el idioma. Asimismo, proporciona insights valiosos para las personas educadoras al diseñar estrategias pedagógicas adaptadas a las preferencias individuales del estudiantado, al entender cómo cierto tipo de personalidad es parte en la adquisición del idioma inglés, para mejorar la efectividad de la enseñanza y promover una experiencia educativa más enriquecedora y personalizada para cada persona estudiante.
Mediación pedagógica en los entornos de aprendizaje virtuales: lineamientos para el mejoramiento continuo
Authors: Bonilla Villalobos Verónica , Ulate Sánchez Rosita
Published: January 2025

Ante los cambios académicos producto de la pandemia de COVID-19, que forzaron la transición de una oferta híbrida a una totalmente en línea, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con un diseño de investigación-acción (IA) apoyado en la etnografía digital. El objetivo fue diseñar acciones de mejoramiento en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje a través de los elementos de mediación pedagógica en los entornos virtuales de la carrera de Manejo de Recursos Naturales de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica. Se adaptó el modelo de Kemmis y MacTaggart (1988) para aplicar cuatro etapas: observación y diagnóstico, planificación, acción e implementación y valoración de acciones de mejora. Se emplearon varios instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de datos, tales como grupos focales, entrevistas y evaluación de pares, analizados a través del software Atlas ti8®. Participaron grupos clave en distintos momentos, incluidas personas docentes, coordinadores, expertos del Programa de Aprendizaje en Línea (PAL) y del Programa de Apoyo Curricular y Evaluación de los Aprendizajes (PACE) de la UNED, así como personas estudiantes de las asignaturas. Los resultados generaron la identificación de elementos de mediación pedagógica, tanto en la teoría revisada como en la práctica, que sirvieron para la creación de una guía de lineamientos dirigida al cuerpo docentes y las personas diseñadoras de los entornos virtuales. Esta guía se organizó en cinco categorías: bienvenida, diseño, contenido, comunicación y evaluación (ver guía completa en anexo). Estas categorías permitirán la creación de entornos de aprendizaje virtuales dinámicos e interactivos para el estudiantado, facilitando a los docentes el diseño de sus entornos de aprendizaje de manera mediada y atractiva. Es crucial mantener una evaluación continua de los entornos de aprendizaje virtuales, ajustando las metodologías y estrategias pedagógicas según las necesidades emergentes de los estudiantes y las tendencias tecnológicas.
El Proyecto de Feria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología en Costa Rica: un recorrido por su historia, aportes, retos y posibilidades
Authors: Cambronero Jeudy Alonso
Published: January 2025

El proyecto ED-112 Feria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología ha realizado una labor pionera, desde la década de 1980, en la promoción de la cultura y las vocaciones científicas y tecnológicas en la sociedad costarricense. Su labor abarca el desarrollo de procesos de capacitación docente, la ejecución del evento de Feria Nacional y el trabajo en conjunto con el Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones; el Ministerio de Educación Pública y las Universidades Estatales, en el marco de la comisión del Programa Nacional de Ferias de Ciencia y Tecnología. A pesar de sus logros, el proyecto también enfrenta múltiples desafíos, tales como la búsqueda de financiamiento sostenible, crear y afianzar vínculos con actores nacionales e internacionales relacionados con la educación científica y tecnológica, la participación en ferias internacionales, así como la expansión del alcance de los procesos de capacitación. Sin embargo, se debe mencionar que, en los últimos años, se han vislumbrado oportunidades para avanzar y renovar el proyecto. Entre ellas se incluye un mayor involucramiento de las instituciones miembros del Programa Nacional de Ferias de Ciencia y Tecnología en el evento de la Feria Nacional. Así como la implementación de actividades lúdico-académicas en ciencias que enriquecen la experiencia, tanto de las personas docentes como del estudiantado durante el evento de la Feria Nacional. El presente trabajo realiza una reseña histórica en torno a la labor del proyecto ED-112 Feria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, dando cuenta del camino que ha recorrido desde sus inicios y hasta la actualidad. Además, aborda el objetivo del proyecto y sus líneas de trabajo. Finalmente, desarrolla una reflexión sobre sus aportes a la educación costarricense, los retos y oportunidades que se presentan de cara al futuro, desde su inicio y hasta la actualidad.
La transdisciplinariedad como estrategia metodológica para la promoción de derechos con personas adolescentes, en el marco de un proyecto de acción social de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Artavia Fallas Cindy
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo se propone como objetivo, analizar los alcances y limitaciones de la transdisciplinariedad como estrategia metodológica para la promoción de derechos con personas adolescentes en el marco del proyecto de acción social TC-427 Equipo interdisciplinario para la promoción de derechos y desarrollo integral de los y las adolescentes, de la Escuela de Formación Docente de la Universidad de Costa Rica en el período 2019-2023. Este proyecto, trabaja desde una metodología cualitativa, orientada a la investigación-acción participativa, por lo que, en su desarrollo, integra fases de: exploración, planificación del proceso, experimentación y sistematización.  De allí que, se realiza primeramente un recorrido por la historia del proyecto, con el fin de comprender su enfoque de trabajo a lo largo del tiempo, y la presencia de distintas disciplinas en el desarrollo de este. Después, se sistematiza e integran las acciones del equipo de trabajo (estudiantes y coordinadora) para promover derechos de las personas adolescentes, la población beneficiaria de este proyecto.  Se sistematiza el trabajo llevado a cabo en los últimos años, con el fin de generar una reflexión en cuanto a los alcances y limitaciones que tiene la metodología de trabajo transdisciplinario en el marco de los proyectos de acción social. Se identifica que el trabajo transdisciplinario ha permitido el desarrollo de aprendizajes asociados al trabajo colaborativo por medio del intercambio de saberes del estudiantado, convirtiendo el proyecto en un espacio donde no solamente construyen conocimientos para el quehacer profesional, sino que se transforma la realidad social.
Desafíos para la educación superior a distancia durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Domínguez Castillo José Gabriel , Cisneros Cohernour Edith Juliana , Quiñonez Pech Sergio Humberto
Published: January 2025

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar con base a la percepción del estudiantado del nivel superior en los contextos urbanos y rurales la relación de los dominios de la educación a distancia respecto a las variables sexo, lengua maya y tipo de universidad. La metodología del estudio se basó en un diseño observacional, de tipo transversal, retrospectivo y con alcance descriptivo y correlacional. Este tipo de estudio se seleccionó dado que la investigación sólo hará una medición u observación de las variables de interés. Se clasificó como transeccional, ya que la evaluación se llevó a cabo en un punto específico en el tiempo, sin intención de realizar un seguimiento de las personas participantes. Además, se consideró retrospectivo, dado que se fundamentó en eventos ocurridos antes del inicio de la investigación. Finalmente, en vista de que se trata de determinar la asociación entre los dominios de la educación a distancia con las variables sexo, lengua maya y tipo de universidad, el alcance fue de tipo correlacional. El tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico de tipo bola de nieve, ya que durante la pandemia el acceso a las personas informantes para la recolección de los datos era complicado. Los resultados reflejaron que el estudiantado hombre y mujer de las comunidades rurales, en todos los dominios de la enseñanza a distancia con excepción de la comunicación e interacción presentaron diferencias significativas, siendo que las mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas; asimismo, el dominio de actitud del profesor fue el que tuvo el tamaño del efecto más grande evidenciado su importancia para la formación del alumnado en los entornos virtuales. Con el fin de complementar los hallazgos del estudio es importante profundizar a través del método cualitativo cuáles fueron las dificultades que enfrentaron y éxitos que alcanzaron las personas participantes respecto a su formación virtual.