bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produção de biossurfactante por Pseudomonas fluorescens em caldo de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) com óleo de girassol pós-fritura e aplicação na remoção de derivado do petróleo
 DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v8i2.2186
Authors: Lima Roberto Albuquerque , Andrade Rosileide Fontenele da Silva , Santos Luiz Queiroz , Campos Takaki Galba Maria
Published: August 2018

Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados referentes à produção de biossurfactante por Pseudomonas fluorescens em meio contendo caldo de abacaxi, suplementado com óleo de girassol pós-fritura (5 e 10%) por 72 horas, a 150 rpm e 37ºC. Ao final da fermentação observou-se que o biossurfactante produzido em ambas as concentrações de óleo de girassol (5 e 10%) foram capazes de reduzir a tensão superficial da água de 72,0 mN/m para 27,5 mN/m. Os índices de emulsificação dos biossurfactantes produzidos corresponderam a 61,54 e 50,00%, respectivamente, para 5 e 10% de suplementação com óleo de girassol (in natura), contudo, valores inferiores foram observados com n-hexadecano. Os resultados mais promissores foram observados para o biopolímero obtido com a suplementação de 5%, observando-se uma remoção de 75,4% do óleo queimado proveniente de processo de queima em motor contaminando o solo do semiárido de Pernambuco sugerindo alta eficiência e possível emprego nos processos de biorremediação.
Simluação do Campo Elétrico e Magnético de um Canal Iônico Utilizando o Software Femm
 DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v8i3.2251
Authors: Lima Rafael Leal , Lopes Ricardo De Camargos , Gomes Vanessa Pereira , Filho João Batista Destro , Filho Ubirajara Coutinho
Published: August 2018

O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar um estudo de simulação demonstrando o comportamento de campos elétricos e magnéticos em canais iônicos de cálcio, através de um modelo simples. O estudo considera uma situação de potencial de repouso nos canais da bomba ativa de sódio e potássio, envolvendo simulações computacionais, utilizando o software FEMM (Finite Element Magnetics Method), que calcula tais campos através da técnica de elementos finitos. Através dessas simulações pode-se visualizar a maneira pela qual esses campos se comportam ao longo do canal, e, a partir disso futuramente entender melhor o funcionamento normal e patológico do mesmo. Concluiu-se que o campo elétrico é aproximadamente constante ao longo do canal, com magnitude da ordem de 107 [V/m], enquanto que o potencial elétrico variou linearmente conforme a altura. Em termos do campo magnético, ele cresce exponencialmente na direção radial até a extremidade do poro, atingindo seu máximo ( aproximadamente 4 . 10-9 [T] ), e decresce rapidamente a partir deste ponto.
Algoritmos de otimização aplicados à solução de sistemas estruturais não-lineares sem e com restrições: uma abordagem utilizando os métodos da Penalidade e do Lagrangiano Aumentado
 DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v8i3.2324
Authors: Bandeira Alex Alves , Guimarães Caroline Duarte , Freitas Leandro De Andrade , Santos Leila Miranda
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar métodos implícitos de otimização aplicados à engenharia de estruturas. São apresentados de forma sucinta os Método de Newton, Método do Lagrangiano, Método da Penalidade e Método do Lagrangiano Aumentado. É apresentada uma base teórica sobre os conceitos e os algoritmos de programação matemática para cada um destes métodos e posteriormente, são apresentados exemplos de aplicação utilizando os métodos estudados. Estes métodos são amplamente utilizados nos programas de elementos finitos para a análise de estruturas. Este artigo não tem objetivo de apresentar o Método dos Elementos Finitos, mas sim, apresentar alguns exemplos de modelagem estrutural utilizando este método. É imprescindível ressaltar a importância do conhecimento destas ferramentas no processo de análise de estruturas quando se utiliza a modelagem em elementos finitos.
Tool Steel Quality And Surface Finishing of Plastic Molds
 DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v8i3.2442
Authors: Mesquita Rafael Agnelli , Schneider Reinhold S. E.
Published: August 2018

Plastic industry is today in a constant growth, demanding several products from other segments, which includes the plastic molds, mainly used in the injection molding process. Considering all the requirements of plastic molds, the surface finishing is of special interest, as the injected plastic part is able to reproduce any details (and also defects) from the mold surface. Therefore, several aspects on mold finishing are important, mainly related to manufacturing conditions – machining, grinding, polishing and texturing, and also related to the tool steel quality, in relation to microstructure homogeneity and non-metallic inclusions (cleanliness). The present paper is then focused on this interrelationship between steel quality and manufacturing process, which are both related to the final quality of plastic mold surfaces. Examples are discussed in terms of surface finishing of plastic molds and the properties or the microstructure of mold steels.
Fabricação digital de maquetes físicas: tangibilidade no processo de projeto em Arquitetura
DOI: 10.5585/exacta.v9i1.2420
Authors: Florio Wilson , Tagliari Ana
Published: August 2018

Neste artigo, são relatados dois diferentes tipos de experimentos. No primeiro, o modelo digital tridimensional é transformado em superfícies 2D pela técnica unfolding, impresso e montado manualmente. No segundo, foram realizados experimentos com o auxílio da Cortadora Universal Laser Systems. A intenção é discutir o papel dos artefatos físicos na compreensão de formas e espaços complexos e buscar modos mais eficazes de aperfeiçoar o processo de projeto. Os resultados obtidos até o presente momento permitem afirmar que, apesar de limitações em sua fabricação, os modelos obtidos por corte a laser contribuem para melhorar substancialmente a compreensão de projetos, particularmente de detalhes de elementos construtivos, pois permite materializar e pormenorizar a análise, decompondo e recompondo o objeto bi e tridimensionalmente. As restrições observadas dizem respeito à escala do artefato, a bidimensionalidade dos desenhos e dimensões da área de corte.
CHANGES IN PROFITABILITY OF LABOUR IN THE ASPECT OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND
Authors: Kusz Dariusz
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between changes in agricultural productivity and the level of labour profitability in agriculture in Poland. An increase in agriculture productivity in Poland was found, while at the same time there was a decline in real prices of agricultural raw materials and a deepening disparity of agricultural income in relation to the remuneration of national economy.
POLISH FOREIGN TRADE WITH LIVE GUINEA FOWLS AND THE GUINEA FOWL MEAT IN THE YEARS 2012-2016
Authors: Pasińska Dorota
Published: August 2018

The main purpose of the paper was to present changes in Polish foreign trade in guinea fowls products in 2012-2016. The horizontal analysis (indexes with a fixed and chain basis) and vertical analysis were applied. It was found that the production and consumption of guinea fowls meat were small, and the exports of guinea fowls products were decreasing. In the years 2013-2014 imports increased and in 2015-2016 imports were falling. The positive balance of total guinea fowls products occurred only in 2012 and was negative - in the years 2013-2016, which may indicate that Poland is not self-sufficient in the production of guinea fowls meat.
RURAL ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS – CHARACTERISTICS, INCOME AND CONSUMPTION
Authors: Piekut Marlena
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was to identify the structure of rural one-person households due to sociodemographic
characteristics and living conditions in these households. The subject of the research is
income and expenditure on consumer goods and services. Living conditions in one-person households in
rural areas are worse than in the city.
COMPARISON OF DEMAND AND PREFERENCES REGARDING CUT FLOWERS OF BULBOUS
PLANTS AMONG SELECTED GROUPS OF BUYERS IN LUBLIN
Authors: Wróblewska Wioletta , Marcinek Barbara
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the demand and preferences of representatives
of two age groups in Lublin, ie 20-24 and over 60 years, concerning cut flowers of bulbous plants. The
results of surveys conducted among 300 representatives of both age groups. Specified species preferences,
one-off purchases and per year, spending level, purchase reasons were analyzed. The analyzes were carried
out using mathematical and statistical methods, mainly using percentage indicators and average values.
The older generation generally spend on cut flowers of bulbous plants more than representatives of the
Y generation, through higher one-off and per year purchases. Buyers from both age groups purchase
flowers mainly for gift purposes, although more often also for themselves, under the influence of impulse.
It is favored by their general availability, including in grocery stores.
VARIÁVEIS EXPLICATIVAS DA ATITUDE DE CONSUMO DE CRÉDITO
Authors: Vieira Paulo Roberto Da Costa , Barros Samuel De Jesus Monteiro , Mattoso Cecilia Lima de Queirós , Silva Antonio Carlos Magalhães
Published: August 2018

Embora consolidada no âmbito da microeconomia tradicional, a hipótese de que o ponto ótimo do consumidor acontece quando a reta orçamentária tangencia a curva de indiferença mais distante da origem, não consegue explicar os níveis de consumo observados na economia brasileira no intervalo de tempo compreendido entre 2003 e 2014, uma vez que o crescimento exponencial do consumo foi principalmente calcado em consumo de crédito para aquisição de bens duráveis, em lugar da renda disponível, como postula a microeconomia tradicional. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho propõe estudar a adequação do modelo ABC das atitudes como escala para medir a atitude do consumo de crédito no mercado brasileiro, utilizando regressão logística enquanto ferramenta estatística para tratamento dos dados. Para tanto, foi utilizada a base de dados de Barros (2015), cujo estudo, fundamentado no modelo de Pattarin e Cosma (2012), realizou pesquisa de survey, com amostra de conveniência constituída por 410 respondentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizado o questionário estruturado, com respostas em escala Likert, acrescido de uma questão dicotômica, a qual corresponde, no presente estudo, à variável dependente referente à contração de crédito. Os resultados corroboraram os gerados por Barros (2015), indicando que o aludido modelo exibe potencial para predizer a decisão de contratação de crédito para consumo.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO DE ASSOCIAÇÕES DE MULHERES DE NEGÓCIOS NA PERSPECTIVA DA TEORIA ATOR REDE
Authors: Machado Hilka Vier , Crubellate João Marcelo , Souza Maria José Barbosa de
Published: August 2018

Redes constituem importante recurso para empreendedores e para empreendedoras, sendo que Associações de Mulheres de Negócios no Brasil são as redes em que empreendedoras se engajam mais. A Teoria Ator Rede (TAR) busca explicar a conversão de muitos em uma unidade, o que ocorre por meio de um processo denominado Translation (LATOUR, 2008). Para essa abordagem, elementos humanos e não humanos interagem e se transformam em clamores, que estão em constante mudança. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como Associações de Mulheres de Negócios foram instituídas, a partir da abordagem TAR. Foram analisadas três Associações de Mulheres em três municípios de porte equivalente em dois Estados no sul do Brasil. Em cada caso realizou-se entrevistas abertas, do tipo narrativas, com 12 empreendedoras que contaram suas experiências nas Associações. Além disso, dados secundários foram obtidos nos arquivos das Associações Comerciais, consistindo em livros ata das reuniões das Associações de Mulheres, livros de presenças, vídeos e reportagens de jornais e revistas. O conjunto dos dados foi analisado, com suporte do software N vivo 9 (Qsr Nudist). Os resultados mostraram inicialmente os primeiros momentos de cada rede, seguidos da problematização, do registro e da mobilização das Associações, em busca da formação de um corpo de atores rede.
A FUNÇÃO DA INTELIGÊNCIA COMPETITIVA NA REDUÇÃO DO EFEITO CHICOTE NA CADEIA DE SUPRIMENTOS DE FRUTAS ORGÂNICAS
Authors: Coti-Zelati Paolo Edoardo , Caliari Ketter Valéria Zuchi , Perez Gilberto
Published: August 2018

O mercado para os produtos orgânicos no Brasil está em formação e ainda é um setor muito instável em função do abastecimento irregular. Levando-se em conta este cenário, o objetivo, com este estudo buscou-se verificar de que forma a Inteligência Competitiva (IC) é usada para a redução do efeito chicote na cadeia de suprimentos de frutas orgânicas. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa com quatro executivos de empresas que atuam diretamente com a produção, distribuição e venda de produtos agroalimentares de origem orgânica. Os dados, obtidos por meio da percepção dos entrevistados, foram analisados para que se identificassem padrões recorrentes ou pontos comuns nos mesmos. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que a IC como ferramenta organizacional pode ser utilizada para avaliar o comportamento e o controle do efeito chicote na cadeia de suprimentos de frutas orgânicas, a partir das informações e o conhecimento compartilhado pelas empresas parceiras.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO DISPONIBILIZADA EM SISTEMAS DE INTERNET BANKING E MOBILE BANKING NA ÓTICA DE USUÁRIOS
Authors: Mesquita  João Victor Pinheiro , Farias Josivania Silva
Published: August 2018

A Internet e o Mobile Banking ampliaram o acesso aos serviços bancários, sendo um canal de relacionamento e de fornecimento de informações que baseiam decisões diárias das pessoas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a Qualidade da Informação (QI) na ótica de usuários de Internet Banking (IB) ou Mobile Banking (MB). Foram realizados dois surveys. O primeiro com 106 participantes visando levantar cinco dimensões consideradas mais importantes por clientes bancários para avaliação da QI e o segundo com 201 usuários de IB ou MB com aplicação do instrumento Assessment Information Quality Methodology (AIMQ), proposto por de Lee et al. (2002). Utilizaram-se testes não paramétricos (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e o Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman) nas análises dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que informações disponibilizadas em portais de IB ou aplicativos MB são percebidas como de elevada QI. Esses resultados da pesquisa convergem para o atendimento de expectativas de alta qualidade da Informação nesse canal de autosserviço.
Pathology Consultation for the Gynecologic Oncologist: What the Surgeon Wants to Know
Authors: Cory Lori , Morgan Mark A.
Published: August 2018

Context.—

Clinical management of gynecologic malignancies is often multimodal. Pathologic diagnoses, patient-related factors, and disease-related factors all contribute to clinical decision making.

Objective.—

To review the role of surgical pathology in treatment planning among women with gynecologic malignancies.

Data Sources.—

An analysis of relevant literature (PubMed Plus [National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland] and Medline [Ovid, New York, New York]) and the authors' clinical practice experience were used.

Conclusions.—

Pathologic evaluation of gynecologic malignancies with traditional histopathology, assessment of genetic alterations, and identification of tumor biomarkers are critical to traditional treatment planning as well as for ongoing clinical trials.
Keep Calm and Tweet On: Legal and Ethical Considerations for Pathologists Using Social Media
Authors: Gardner Jerad M. , Allen Timothy C.
Published: August 2018

Recent privacy breaches by a major social media company have again raised questions from some pathologists regarding the legality and ethics of sharing pathology images on social media. The authors examined ethical principles as well as historic and legal precedents relevant to pathology medical photography. Taking and sharing photographs of pathology specimens is embedded into the culture of the specialty of pathology and has been for more than a century. In general, the pathologist who takes the photograph of a gross or microscopic specimen owns the copyright to that photograph. Patient consent is not legally or ethically required to take or use deidentified photographs of pathology specimens. Current US privacy laws (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA] of 1996) permit public sharing of deidentified pathology photographs without specific patient consent, even on social media. There is no case law of action taken against pathologists for sharing deidentified pathology images on social media or elsewhere. If there is any legal risk for pathologists or risk of patient harm in sharing pathology photographs, it is very small. The benefits of professional social media use for pathologists, patients, and society are numerous and well documented in the literature.
Scattering for newtonian evolution
Authors: Cortés Victor H. , Fernández Claudio
Published: August 2018

In the study of many phenomena in the physical world, one is interested in describing the long time behavior of certain observables. That is the case, for example, of the principles that govern the radar, the sonar and the disperson of ligtht waves.
Effect of urotensin II on water and ion fluxes in the intestine, Gallbladder and urinary bladder of the freshwater teleost, Hoplias malabaricus
Authors: Baldisserotto Bernardo , Rakoski Roni João , Fernandes Ciro Luiz da Silva , Mimura Olga Martins
Published: August 2018

The effect of urotensis II (UII) on the flow of water and ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in the medium intestine, rectum, gallbladder and urinary bladder of the freshwater teleost Hoplias malabaricus was investigated. The flow of water of all the studied organs of H. malabaricus is from mucosa to serosa (absorption). UII increased the flow of water in the medium intestine, gallbladder and urinary bladder. The medium intestine, gallbladder and urinary bladder also absorb Na+. K+ is absorbed in the rectum and secreted in the urinary bladder. UII did not affect the flow of Na+ and K+ in the studied portions. All studied portions secreted Ca2+, and UII reduced the fow of this ion in the medium intestine and urinary bladder. The flow of Ca2+ in the rectum and gallbladder was not altered by UII. There is no significant flow of Mg2+ in the studied portions, and UII stimulated the absorption of this ion in the medium intestine and urinary bladder. This study indicates that UII participates in the controlo f osmoregulatory organs of H. malabaricus. This study also raises the possibility that UII may be involved in the regulation of the composition of the bile fishesm, since it alters water and Ca2+ fluxes in the gallbladder of H. malabaricus.
Levantamento das plantas medicinais utilizadas em bairros de Santa Maria – RS
Authors: Somavilla Nádia , Canto-Dorow Thais Scotti do
Published: August 2018

A survey done in the districts of Santa Maria, RS, revealed that people make continuous use of medicinal plants. This study was based on interviews made with the residents of seven districts of the city: Nossa Senhora de Lourdes, Medianeira, Nossa Senhora das Dores, Centro, Nossa Senhora do Rosário, ltararé and Patronato. A total of 148 species were registered, belonging to 134 genus and arranged in 64 families. Lists are shown containing the species mentioned in the questionaries, along with the popular name, family, therapeutic indication and pharrnacogeno.
Encuesta Sobre el Senado y su hipotética reforma. Encuestados: Eliseo Aja Fernández, Óscar Alzaga Villaamil, Javier García Roca, Ángel Garrorena Morales, Juan José Solozábal Echevarría
Authors: Teoría y realidad Constitucional Teoría y realidad Constitucional
Published: August 2018

-
La reforma constitucional del Senado
Authors: Varela Suanzes-Carpegna Joaquín
Published: August 2018

The main aim of this paper is to examine the constitutional reform of the spanish Senado, which has been announced by Mr. Rodríguez Zapatero in april 2004. But firstly I will have a look at the comparative Constitutional history with the purpose to analyse how other nations, over all USAand Germany, have organised their Parliament. I will examine also the controversy «unicameralism versus bicameralism» in the spanish constitutional history, including during the two years between the «Ley para la Reforma Política»and the Constitution of 1978. Then I will described briefly the composition andfunctions of the present Senado and I will resume the debate on this Chamberduring the last quarter of century, with special mention to the General Comission of the «Comunidades Autónomas» experience. Last, but not least, I will propose some constitutional reforms to transform the Senado into a true «territorialrepresentative Chamber», as it is defined in the article 69, 1 of the spanishConstitution.
Las cartas autonómicas de Cuba y Puerto Rico : primer antecedente del estado autonómico
Authors: Núñez Martínez María
Published: August 2018

Los deseos descentralizadores de Cuba y Puerto Rico se manifiestan por primera vez en los orígenes del Estado Constitucional español, especialmente en los procesos constituyentes de 1812 y 1836; posteriormente, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, a los mismos se unirá el objetivo de una autonomía administrativa y política, especialmente en el caso de Cuba. La respuesta del Estado español, tardía siempre, se manifestará mediante las Cartas Autonómicas que conocerán su publicación cuando ya el desarrollo de los acontecimientos hagan inviable dicha solución. No obstante, tal otorgamiento Estatutario o de «Constitución Autonómica», supondrá el primer antecedente de dicho modelo de organización territorial del Estado y acaso, el único aspecto originario del constitucionalismo español.
La solidaridad como principio constitucional
Authors: Fernández Segado Francisco
Published: August 2018

El art. 2º de la Constitución establece el principio de solidaridad como un principio general de organización del Estado. Sin embargo, a la vista de otros preceptos constitucionales, hay que decir que el principio presenta un contenido esencialmente económico. Con todo, limitar el contenido del principio constitucional de solidaridad a lo estrictamente económico, esto es, a una equidistribución de la riqueza entre todas las regiones, sería una interpretación errónea. En efecto, el principio de solidaridad es un principio polivalente. Y así, es también un valor del ordenamiento constitucional y puede asimismo entenderse como una cláusula general que exige atender al interés común y no sólo al propio, en el ejercicio por los entes territoriales de sus respectivas competencias. No creemos que el contenido de este principio sea ilimitado, pero es cierto que el principio de solidaridad puede vincularse con algunos de los principios característicos que subyacen en el Estado federal o regional, como el de lealtad federal (la Bundestreue alemana) o el deber general de colaboración entre el Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas.The Art. 2 Constitution establishs the principle of solidarity as an general principle of organization of the State. Nevertheless, at the sight of other constitutional articles we must to say that it presents an essentially economic content. Even so, to confine the constitutional solidarity principle´s content to the strictly economic, that is, to a balanced distribution of the wealth between all the regions, it would be an erroneous interpretation. Indeed, the solidarity principle is a polyvalent principle. It is likewise a value of the constitutional order and, in like manner, it may be understood as a general clause that requires to meet the common interest and not only the own in the performance by the territorial bodies of its own scopes. We do not think that the content of this principle be unlimited, but it is true that the solidarity principle may be linked with some characteristic underlying principles of the federal or regional State such as the loyalism federal (the german Bundestreue) or the general obligation of collaboration between the State and the Autonomus Communities.
Política, economía y derechos: la independencia de los reguladores (¿quo vadis?) : reflexiones generadas a partir de la reforma constitucional de 2011
Authors: Rallo Lombarte Artemi
Published: August 2018

La reforma reciente de la Constitución económica invita a reflexionar sobre el alcance actual de las relaciones Política-Economía y, en particular, sobre el devenir de la generalizada tendencia inaugurada varias décadas atrás para independizar la toma de decisiones sobre la economía —y, también, para la garantía de derechosfundamentales— mediante la creación de administraciones independientes. Tras el inicial éxito de este modelo, generalizándose y perfeccionándolo, se han producido en los últimos tiempos decisiones de los poderes públicos que evidencian, aun de forma contradictoria y, tal vez, coyuntural, la reversión, crisis y quiebra del paradigma de la independencia de los reguladores. Este trabajo persigue ilustrar la evolución sufrida por las administraciones independientes y destacar los relevantes ejemplos que demuestran el riesgo de quiebra de la independencia de los reguladores.The recent reform of the economic Constitution invites to analyze the current Politics-Economy relationship and, in particular, the evolution of the widespread tendency opened several decades ago for independent decision making on the economy —and, also, for the guarantee of fundamental rights—through the creation of independent agencies. After the initial success of this model, generalizing it and strengthening it, have occurred in recent times decisions of public authorities which demonstrate, even of contradictory form and, perhaps, cyclical, the crisis and breach of the paradigm of the regulator independence. This paper aims to illustrate the evolution suffered by independent authorities and highlights the relevant examples that demonstrate the risk of breaching the regulators independence.
Reformas constitucionales posibles y reformas constitucionales imposibles : notas previas a la reforma de la Constitución
Authors: García Fernández Javier
Published: August 2018

Este artículo contrapone el proyecto de reforma constitucional que el Gobierno sometió a informe del Consejo de Estado en 2005 con la reforma constitucional de 2011. Analiza las causas del fracaso del intento de 2005 y el fugar procedimiento de 2011. Acaba avanzado algunas razones para iniciar una reforma constitucional de más calado.This article contrasts the project of constitutional reform that the Government submitted to the State Council to be reported in 2005 with the constitutional reform of 2011. The causes of the failure of 2005 attempt and the brief procedure of 2011 are analyzed. Some reasons to initiate a deeper constitutional reform are advanced.
La reforma del artículo 135 de la Carta Magna española : la superación de los clichés del tabú y de la rigidez constitucionales
Authors: Jimena Quesada Luis
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo sugiere que la reforma constitucional de 2011 (art. 135) para incluir el límite máximo de endeudamiento e imponer la estabilidad presupuestaria en España ha confirmado que las fuerzas e intereses económicos prevalecen en la práctica sobre unos teóricamente sólidos principios constitucionales, tanto a nivel europeo como nacional. En efecto, se han producido en paralelo algunas paradojas: en primer lugar, la ausencia de un real Gobierno económico europeo (con un asimétrico enfoque consistente en un Consejo Europeo de 27 y una Cumbre del Euro de 17) al lado de la débil posición de un Gobierno nacional (sin mayoría parlamentaria), han sido capaces no obstante de operar un «abuso» de las disposiciones constitucionales como instrumento anticrisis. En segundo término, las contundentes normas económicas y de competencia incluidas en el Derecho Europeo primario, junto con la material flexibilidad de la Constitución económica española, no se han mostrado tampoco adecuadas para impedir la relativización de los teóricamente rígidos procedimientos de revisión de los Tratados Europeos y del procedimiento especial de reforma constitucional en España. Se llega así como conclusión a la necesidad de reforzar: tanto la posición de la ciudadanía/demos a nivel europeo e interno, como los fundamentos dogmáticos de la Teoría del Derecho constitucional (europeo y nacional).This essay suggests that the 2011 Constitutional Amendment (Art. 135) to include a debt ceiling provision and impose a balance budget standard in Spain has confirmed that economic forces and interests prevail in practice over theoretical solid constitutional principles, both at European and domestic levels. Indeed, some parallel paradoxes have emerged: firstly, the absence of a real European economic government (the asymmetric approach consisting of one European Council for 27 and one Euro Summit for 17) together with the weak position of a National government (governing without a parliamentary majority) have nevertheless produced an «abuse» of constitutional provisions as an anti-crisis instrument. Secondly, the prominent economic and competition rules included in European Primary Law together with the material flexibility of the Spanish Economic Constitution have not been suitable to prevent from relativizing theoretical rigid revision procedures of European Treaties and Spanish special constitutional amendment procedure. The final conclusion is the need to strengthen both: the position of Citizenship/Demos at European and domestic level as well as the dogmatic foundation of the Theory of (European and National) Constitutional Law.
Comentario a la STC 6/2012, de 18 de enero de 2012 : las competencias de las comunidades autónomas para la conservación de las obras artísticas depositadas en instituciones museísticas
Authors: Piazuelo Colom Eloy
Published: August 2018

La reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 6/2002, de 18 de enero de 2012 (en adelante, STC 6/2002), que ha resuelto un conflicto positivo de competencias planteado entre las Comunidades Autónomas de Cataluña y Aragón, se ha pronunciado sobre una cuestión de gran relevancia en el ámbito de la conservación de las obras artísticas depositadas temporalmente en instituciones museísticas. En concreto, en ella se ha afirmado que la Administración autonómica competente para su conservación es aquélla en cuyo territorio se encuentren ubicadas dichas obras. No obstante, el alcance de tal declaración no puede separarse de las características singulares del supuesto de hecho sobre el que se pronuncia el TC y del objeto del propio proceso constitucional delimitado en la STC 6/2012. Alcance que se examina en este comentario jurisprudencial y del que se deduce que las declaraciones contenidas en la STC 6/2002 únicamente pueden aplicarse a los supuestos con las características expuestas en la STC 6/2012.The recent sentence of the Constitutional Court 6/2002, of 18 January 2012, which has solved to positive conflict of jurisdiction raised between the Autonomous Communities of Catalonia and Aragon, there is been pronounced on the conservation of artworks temporarily deposited in institutions museum. Specifically, it has been argued that the regional administration competent for conservation is the one in whose territory they it plows located such work. However, the scope of such to statement cannot be separated from the unique characteristics of the factual marries on which is pronounced the TC and the object of the constitutional process itself delimited in the STC 6/2012. Scope that is discussed in this commentary jurisprudential and from which it is clear that the statements contained in the STC 6/2002 may only be applied to the assumptions
WIDE-GAP JOINTS IN INCONEL 738 SUPER ALLOY BY VACUUM BRAZING: MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS
Authors: GUZMAN FLORES ISIDRO , VARGAS ARISTA BENJAMIN , GRANDA  GUTIÉRREZ EVERARDO EFRÉN , GOMEZ JIMENEZ RAMON , GALVAN GIL JESUS
Published: August 2018

In this investigation, the effect of the parameters during vacuum brazing of wide-gaps (0.6 to 1.8 mm) in a Nickel-based super alloy Inconel 738, were studied. The temperatures used were 1120 °C and 1150 °C with times of 120 and 240 min. The filler metal was a mix of Ni-11Cr-3.5Si-2.25B-3.5Fe paste with Inconel 738 powder with a particle size of 73µm. From observations with Scanning Electron Microscopy, three microstructural zones were identified: Athermally Solidified Zone (ASZ), Isothermally Solidified Zone (ISZ) and Diffusion-Affected Zone (DAZ). The eutectic compounds identified by X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy in the ASZ were of the Fe-Cr-Si type. When the brazing time was increased to 240 min and the temperature to 1150 °C with a gap of 0.6 mm and the application of a mixture ratio of 80/20 (Ni paste and Inconel powder, respectively), the volumetric fraction of eutectics decreased in the ASZ favoring isothermal solidification, diffusion of B and Si in the Ni matrix; hardness reached 260 HV, while the width of the DAZ decreased by 39% on average. The latter indicates that an adequate selection of brazing parameters allows to obtain better joints, with a reduced process time and a decrease in intermetallics, which are the main reason of cracks and fractures.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and interferon gamma generate antiviral states via transcriptional repression
Authors: Kueck Tonya , Cassella Elena , Holler Jessica , Kim Baek , Bieniasz Paul D
Published: August 2018

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor whose activation induces the expression of numerous genes, with many effects on cells. However, AhR activation is not known to affect the replication of viruses. We show that AhR activation in macrophages causes a block to HIV-1 and HSV-1 replication. We find that AhR activation transcriptionally represses cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1/2 and their associated cyclins, thereby reducing SAMHD1 phosphorylation, cellular dNTP levels and both HIV-1 and HSV-1 replication. Remarkably, a different antiviral stimulus, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), that induces a largely non-overlapping set of genes, also transcriptionally represses CDK1, CDK2 and their associated cyclins, resulting in similar dNTP depletion and antiviral effects. Concordantly, the SIV Vpx protein provides complete and partial resistance to the antiviral effects of AhR and IFN-γ, respectively. Thus, distinct antiviral signaling pathways converge on CDK/cyclin repression, causing inhibition of viral DNA synthesis and replication.
Expectancy effects in the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Authors: Cash Daniella K. , Heisick Laura L. , Papesh Megan H.
Published: August 2018

The Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a tingling, almost euphoric, sensation often elicited following certain visual or auditory stimulations (Barratt & Davis, 2015). Despite considerable media attention, little empirical work has investigated the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, ASMR enthusiasts and naïve observers listened to audio clips with and without ASMR-eliciting characteristics. We also manipulated participants’ expectations of ASMR, providing a measure of “placebo effects.” Although naïve participants were susceptible to suggestive instructions, experienced users were not, suggesting that initial exposure to ASMR media may evoke somatosensory responses consistent with one’s expectations. Implications for at-home stress management techniques are discussed.
Global mapping of potential natural vegetation: an assessment of machine learning algorithms for estimating land potential
Authors: Hengl Tomislav , Walsh Markus G. , Sanderman Jonathan , Wheeler Ichsani , Harrison Sandy P. , Prentice Iain C.
Published: August 2018

Potential natural vegetation (PNV) is the vegetation cover in equilibrium with climate, that would exist at a given location if not impacted by human activities. PNV is useful for raising public awareness about land degradation and for estimating land potential. This paper presents results of assessing machine learning algorithms—neural networks (nnet package), random forest (ranger), gradient boosting (gbm), K-nearest neighborhood (class) and Cubist—for operational mapping of PNV. Three case studies were considered: (1) global distribution of biomes based on the BIOME 6000 data set (8,057 modern pollen-based site reconstructions), (2) distribution of forest tree taxa in Europe based on detailed occurrence records (1,546,435 ground observations), and (3) global monthly fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) values (30,301 randomly-sampled points). A stack of 160 global maps representing biophysical conditions over land, including atmospheric, climatic, relief, and lithologic variables, were used as explanatory variables. The overall results indicate that random forest gives the overall best performance. The highest accuracy for predicting BIOME 6000 classes (20) was estimated to be between 33% (with spatial cross-validation) and 68% (simple random sub-setting), with the most important predictors being total annual precipitation, monthly temperatures, and bioclimatic layers. Predicting forest tree species (73) resulted in mapping accuracy of 25%, with the most important predictors being monthly cloud fraction, mean annual and monthly temperatures, and elevation. Regression models for FAPAR (monthly images) gave an R-square of 90% with the most important predictors being total annual precipitation, monthly cloud fraction, CHELSA bioclimatic layers, and month of the year, respectively. Further developments of PNV mapping could include using all GBIF records to map the global distribution of plant species at different taxonomic levels. This methodology could also be extended to dynamic modeling of PNV, so that future climate scenarios can be incorporated. Global maps of biomes, FAPAR and tree species at one km spatial resolution are available for download via http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/QQHCIK.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ МАЛОУГЛОВОГО ДИФРАКТОМЕТРА В КЛАССИЧЕСКОЙ КОНФИГУРАЦИИ НА ХОЛОДНОМ ЗАМЕДЛИТЕЛЕ РЕАКТОРА ИБР-2, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Авдеев М.В. , Еремин Р.А. , Боднарчук В.И. , Гапон И.В. , Петренко В.И. , Ерхан Р.В. , Чураков А.В. , Козленко Д.П.
Published: August 2018

На основе численных расчетов изучены возможные концепции реализации на реакторе ИБР-2 малоуг- лового времяпролетного дифрактометра, оптимизированного для двух режимов работы замедлителя нейтронов - холодного (температура 30 К) и теплового (температура 300 К). В холодном режиме максимум энергетического спектра нейтронов в пучке смещен в область низких энергий (больших длин волн), что расширяет диапазон чувствительности установки в отношении размеров исследуемых объектов (1-100 нм и выше). Рассмотрена классическая схема отделения тепловых/холодных нейтронов (E ~10-3-10-2 эВ) от фона (сформированного, главным образом, быстрыми нейтронами) на основе изогнутых нейтронно-оптических устройств. Из-за ограничений, накладываемых геометрией канала, на котором планируется поместить установку, предпочтительной является конфигурация с коротким многоканальным зеркальным устройством отклонения пучка. Выполнены моделирование и оптимизация предполагаемой малоугловой установки с учетом реальной геометрии канала и доступного места в экспериментальном зале реактора. Проведено сравнение с установкой на основе изогнутого нейтроновода и установкой с прямой видимостью замедлителя.
ОБ УСИЛЕНИИ ЭФФЕКТА АДСОРБЦИОННОГО СЛОЯ НА ГРАНИЦЕ РАЗДЕЛА МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОД-ЖИДКИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАХ ПО ЗЕРКАЛЬНОМУ ОТРАЖЕНИЮ В РЕФЛЕКТОМЕТРИИ ТЕПЛОВЫХ НЕЙТРОНОВ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Петренко В.И. , Косячкин Е. Н. , Булавин Л.А. , Авдеев М.В.
Published: August 2018

Рассмотрены возможности оптимизации структуры подложка/электрод/электролит для максимального изменения кривых зеркального отражения в экспериментах по нейтронной рефлектометрии на электрохимической границе раздела между металлическим электродом и жидким электролитом, содержащим ионы Li+, в процессе функционирования. Выбраны и проанализированы характерные соотношения между плотностями длин рассеяния компонентов, для которых кривые отражения наиболее полно передают информацию о структуре переходного слоя твердого электролита, формирующегося на поверхности электрода в ходе зарядки-разрядки.
ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНО-ТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ И РЕНТГЕНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ХАЛЬКОГЕНИДОВ TLFES2 И TLFESE2, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Аскеров Э.Б. , Исмаилов Д.И. , Мехдиева Р.Н. , Джабаров С.Г. , Мирзаев М. Н. , Керимова Э.М. , Данг Н.Т.
Published: August 2018

Методами рентгеновской дифракции, дифференциально-термического и термогравиметрического анализа исследованы тройные соединения составов TlFeS2 и TlFeSe2, обладающие магнитными свойст- вами. Определены их кристаллические структуры, и установлено, что в нормальных условиях они описываются моноклинной пространственной группой симметрии С2/m. Определены координаты атомов и межатомные расстояния. В результате дифференциально-термического и термогравимет- рического анализа в температурном диапазоне 30-900 °C установлено, что в кристаллах TlFeS2 по сравнению с TlFeSе2 реализуются более сильные ковалентные связи. Наблюдаются эффекты, связанные с обменом энергии в исследуемых соединениях. Обсуждается физическая сущность наблюдаемых эффектов.
ВОДОРОДОПРОНИЦАЕМОСТЬ ПОКРЫТИЙ НИТРИДА ТИТАНА, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ МЕТОДАМИ ПЛАЗМЕННО-ИММЕРСИОННОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ ТИТАНА И ВАКУУМНО-ДУГОВОГО ОСАЖДЕНИЯ TIN НА СПЛАВ ZR-1%NB, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Ле Чжан , Никитенков Н.Н. , Сутыгина А.Н. , Кашкаров Е.Б. , Сыпченко В.С. , Бабихина М. Н.
Published: August 2018

Поверхность образцов циркониевого сплава Zr-1%Nb обрабатывалась титаном методом плазменно-иммерсионной ионной имплантации. Затем на имплантированные и исходные образцы наносились покрытия TiN вакуумно-дуговым осаждением. До и после каждой из указанных обработок исследовались изменения скорости сорбции водорода, распределения элементов по глубине, топографии поверхности. Получено, что отдельно вакуумно-дуговое осаждение или плазменно-иммерсионная ионная имплантация приводят к уменьшению скорости сорбции водорода (в 2-15 раз). В тоже же время, совмещение операций в порядке: плазменно-иммерсионная ионная имплантация, затем вакуумно-дуговое осаждение, уменьшает скорость сорбции на 1-2 порядка. Определено, что ключевым параметром указанных методов, влияющим на водородопроницаемость, распределение элементов по глубине и топографию поверхности является величина смещения на образце (подложке). Для нашей установки оптимальная величина этого смещения составила -1500 В при плазменно-иммерсионной ионной имплантации и -150 В при вакуумно-дуговом осаждении.
Письмо И. Бичурина в Палату внешних сношений (Лифаньюань). Предисловие, перевод с маньчжурского, примечания Т.А. Пан, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Пан Т.А.
Published: August 2018

В маньчжурской коллекции ИВР РАН хранится письмо главы Девятой духовной миссии в Пекине Иакинфа Бичурина в Палату внешних сношений, в котором он сообщает о краже, случившейся в русском подворье. Поскольку переписка членов миссии с китайской администрацией велась на маньчжурском языке, то это письмо является редким свидетельством владения Иакинфом Бичуриным маньчжурским языком. Письмо также дает информацию о внутренней жизни русской миссии.
Study on prediction method for the insulation of gypsum board using inclusive thermal conductivity in fire resistance tests
Authors: Yoshitani Kimie , Shimizu Takafumi , Yoshida Masatomo
Published: August 2018

In this study, a method for predicting the unexposed surface temperature of a wall is proposed based on the concept of “inclusive thermal conductivity,” which considers the heat and mass transfer of materials containing moisture. The inclusive thermal conductivity is estimated based on the results of temperature measurements obtained from actual fire resistance tests. The proposed method enables the estimation of material thermal conductivities that are difficult to assess using conventional methods. The inclusive thermal conductivity is affected by the deterioration and evaporation that occurs in the materials, which are estimated from the fire resistance test results. The unexposed surface temperature predictions for the gypsum boards of different thicknesses are numerically analyzed by changing the number of inclusive thermal conductivities. The inclusive thermal conductivity of the gypsum board increases as the temperature increases. The unexposed surface temperature prediction is affected by the exposed surface temperature of the fire resistance tests, and the prediction accuracy increases as the difference in the material thickness decreases. The exposed surface temperature obtained from the fire resistance test results influences the prediction of the unexposed surface temperature. The prediction accuracy of the numerical analysis using the inclusive thermal conductivity is confirmed to be practically sufficient.
Elimination of Myxobolus cerebralis in Placer Creek, a Native Cutthroat Trout Stream in Colorado
Authors: Nehring R. Barry , Alves John , Nehring Joshua B. , Felt Benjamin
Published: August 2018

Placer Creek, a tributary of Sangre de Cristo Creek in Colorado's San Luis Valley, supported an allopatric core conservation population of native Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis during much of the 20th century. After the failure of gabion barriers in the late 1990s, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis infected with Myxobolus cerebralis invaded from Sangre de Cristo Creek. By 2005, whirling disease (WD) and competition from Brook Trout reduced Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout numbers to less than 10% of the total trout population. New barriers were constructed in 2006 and the stream was treated with rotenone in 2007 and 2009 to eliminate all fish prior to the reintroduction of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout. Results of WD research studies in Montana, California, and Colorado indicated it might be possible to break the life cycle of the parasite in some situations. Our management interventions included (1) reducing the fish population in the stream to zero for approximately 14 months, (2) introducing lineage V and VI Tubifex tubifex worms, which are not susceptible to M. cerebralis, and (3) eliminating a small off-channel pond that provided optimal habitat that sustained a localized high-density population of lineage III T. tubifex, the oligochaete host susceptible to M. cerebralis. Electrofishing during the fall of 2009 and spring of 2010 indicated the drainage was devoid of fish. Fry, juvenile, and adult Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout were stocked in September and October of 2010 and 2011. Approximately 975,000 lineage V and VI T. tubifex were introduced into Placer Creek between 2010 and 2012 as possible oligochaete competitors for the lineage III worms. The off-channel pond was filled in, and the surface was reseeded in April 2012. No evidence of M. cerebralis infection was detected among more than 280 Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout tested between July 2012 and July 2016, indicating the parasite had been eradicated from the Placer Creek basin upstream of the barriers.
Combined respiratory training in an individual with C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Robison Raele , Tabor‐Gray Lauren C. , Wymer James P. , Plowman Emily K.
Published: August 2018

This case study examined the impact of a respiratory strength training program targeting inspiratory and expiratory musculature in an individual with C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The individual tolerated 24 months of respiratory training completed at home, 50 repetitions per day, and 5 days per week. Significant increases in maximum inspiratory pressure (from 71 to 134 centimeters of water), maximum expiratory pressure (from 108 to 197 centimeters of water) and peak cough flow (from 331 to 655 Liters per minute) were noted and forced vital capacity remained unchanged. A moderate intensity respiratory strength training program applied early in the disease progression improved function in this C9orf72 ALS individual.