bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic trends for milk, fat and protein in the Zimbabwean Holstein-Friesian population from 1973 to 1994
Authors: Kunaka K. , Makuza S. M. , Wollny C. B. A. , Banda J. W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Genetic trends based on 30 395 records with parities 1 to 8 were estimated using average information restricted maximum likelihood algorithm (AIREML), which had overall mean, herd, month of calving, year of birth, parity and linear and quadratic effects of days in milk. Due to changes in the Zimbabwean milk recording system data set was split into records of cows born from 1973 to 1989 and the other from 1987 to 1994. The first data set was further split into even numbered herds (EVNH73) and odd numbered herds (ODNH73), due to computational limitations. The highest milk production was from May to August. Peak milk production was observed in parity 4. The heritabilities for FCM (0.22 to 0.26), fat percent (0.24 to 0.28) and protein percent (0.21) were comparable to literature values. The annual genetic trends of FCM ranged from 8.36 kg to 13.2 kg, fat per cent ranged from 0.0 % to −0.008 % and protein per cent was −0.003 % in the three data sets. Genetic trends for milk yield, fat and protein yield were also positive but overally lower than in most other countries. The positive genetic trends obtained for milk, fat and protein yields imply that some progress has been made in increasing the milk production despite the relatively small population and significant restrictions. There is need to develop a selection index to improve milk yield and milk composition.
Effect of leptin gene polymorphism on growth and carcass traits in pigs (short communication)
Authors: Kulig H. , Grzesiak W. , Szatkowska I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The polymorphism of the porcine leptin gene and its relation with some Performance traits (body weight, average daily gains, lean meat content) were analysed in 131 sows of Polish Landrace. The frequencies of detected genotypes TT, TC and CC were 0.763, 0.222 and 0.015 respectively. The estimated frequencies of alleles were 0.874 for allele T and 0,126 for allele C. Lean meat content and average daily gains in TC pigs were statistically significantly higher then those of TT individuals. No statistically significant differences in body weight were found among sows of the above genotypes.
Einfluss der intensiven Gruppenhaltung und Geschlecht auf Oral- Stereotypien und einige Verhaltensmerkmale bei Mastlämmern
Authors: Savas T. , Yurtman I. Y. , Karaagac F. , Köycü E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of intensive group condition and sex on the oral stereotypes and some behaviour traits in fattening lambs Oral stereotypes are a kind of the forms of behavioural abnormalities and many husbandry factors can cause the development of such behaviours in almost all domestic species. In this study, effects of housing based on group condition and also sex differences on the development of oral stereotypes were investigated in fattening lambs Ten male and ten female Turkgeldi synthetic breed of lambs were used. Animals were assigned to sex groups at the beginning of the study and housed in pens that consisted of metal feed through and water buckets on a straw bedded floor during the experiment. Behavioural observations were taken by two observer and time sampling technique was- used. Activities such as biting, licking and chewing of through, water bucket and also bars of pen were recorded as oral stereotypes. Generally, it was indicated that intensive group condition in fattening lamb. causes the development of behavioural abnormalities related to nutritional origin. Activities towards the bedding material, standing, lying and wool chewing behaviours were significantly affected by sex. The male lambs showed more activities in standing and wool licking and wool chewing behaviours than the females while the lying and activity towards the bedding material observed more frequently in the female group. This finding indicated that general activity was high in the male lambs. There was no significant sex effect on the total oral stereotypes. It was concluded that lack of structural materials have an important role in the development of oral stereotypes. In addition some stressful conditions that caused by group housing may also resulted in the development of such abnormalities especially for the male lambs.
The Effect of the Slaughter Method, Inbred, Age and Race on the Glutathione Level in some Organs of Rabbits (short communication)
Authors: Swiderska-Kolacz G. , Kolataj A. , Klusek J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Seventy day old New Zealand rabbits had a significantly higher level of glutathione /GSH/ in the liver, kidney and muscle than the animals aged 140 days. The random and inbred mated New Zealand rabbits revealed higher its concentration than those of the Bay Black breed. Injection of 10% MgS04 Solution caused an increase of glutathione level in the studied liver, kidney and muscle.
Vergleich von vier Merkmalen innerhalb der 50-Punkte-Exterieurbeurteilung mit den erfassten Körpermaßen bei Holstein-Friesian Kühen
Authors: Püski J. , Bozó S. , Györkös I. , Gáspárdy A. , Szücs E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Comparison of the conformation scoring and the body measurement based on four linear traits of Holstein Friesian cows The goal was evaluate the similarity of the body scoring System and the body measurement kept generally for the best objective method. The target-traits (withers height, body depth, rump width at the gluteal tuberosity and body capacity) of Holstein Friesian heifers were taken down. Three-three groups (−extreme, medium, +extreme) based on the Standard deviation of the body measurements were created and compared in each traits, as well as phenotypic relationships (regression and correlation) were calculated. Taking the relationships into consideration it appeared that the body measurements do not stand in such a close connection with each other than it is suggested by the scoring. The pair-wise correlation coefficients between the values of the same traits taken down by scoring and measuring Systems can by seen as low figures (r = 0.71, 0.50, 0.43 and 0.59, respectively) since we have the same traits. The partial correlation coefficients are even more less than the pair-wise correlation coefficients, and statistically confirmed only by the height at wither. Except the height at wither, there were no demonstrable connections in the regression of the same traits, just then, exclusively the true height at wither influenced the classifier during the scoring of all the traits. The differences between the type groups were smaller in each traits estimated by scoring. From the analysis of the type groups it is obvious that the similarity of the two methods is the biggest in the height at wither. In the case of body depth, rump width and body capacity the classifier can distinguish only the "very little" and "very large" animals from the judged population while the intermediate types remained unrecognised. The average value of the individual identity between the two typing method was around 35%.
Zur Körperzusammensetzung von neugeborenen Ferkeln der Deutschen Landrasse und des Deutschen Sattelschweines (Kurzmitteilung)
Authors: Kuhn G. , Falkenberg H. , Langhammer M. , Härtung M. , Wegner J. , Ender K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Body composition in newbom piglets of the breeds German Landrace and German Saddleback (short communication) Newbom piglets from 15 litters of German Landrace sows (DL) and 19 litters of German Saddleback sows (DS) were used to determine the body weight, body composition, and characteristics of lipid metabolism in the blood. At the date of birth no differences in body weight and body composition of the piglets were found between the two breeds. The piglets of the DS-sows showed in comparison to the piglets of the DL-sows a significant higher content in high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol in the blood plasma.
Ecological total merit index for an Austrian dual purpose cattle breed
Authors: Baumung R. , Sölkner J. , Gierzinger E. , Willam A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Organic farming plays a considerable role in Austrian agriculture. Therefore it seems to be worthwhile to make suggestions about a more ecological breeding goal for cattle breeds. Because of the fact that Simmental is the most frequent dual purpose cattle breed in Austria, this breed is chosen to show the impact of selection under an ecological total merit index. With model calculations the effect on selection response in milk production beef production and functional traits under selection with the current economic total merit index and more ecological index variants, e.g. with higher economic values for fitness and functional traits, is shown. As a basis for future decisions the efficiency of more or less ecological indices is compared. The results indicate that an increase of the current economic values of functional traits of about 50 percent does not present a great risk, expected selection responses for milk production traits are still high.
Berücksichtigung der Fleischqualität bei der Selektion innerhalb Linien beim Schwein – eine Studie
Authors: Krieter J. , Tholen E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Selection for meat quality within pure bred lines in swine – a study The main criticism of the operators at the present final products concern the variance in valuable cuts and meat quality traits and the absence of any favourable attributes. The paper reviews traits which can be used to determine pig meat quality in terms of methods, genetic parameters, economic importance and selection response (index, QTL). Heritability estimates of meat quality traits from the literature and own analyses show low or moderate values. In halothane negative populations heritabilities are diminished which is also true for the correlations between meat quality and carcass traits. The relationship among intramuscular fat and sensoric attributes is in general low so the role of intramuscular fat for sensoric aspects should not be overestimated. The economic values for most quality depend on the population level and the monetary evaluation. Due to the optimum values for most quality traits the relationship between population mean and valuation is nonlinear. Using different hypothetical payment system the economic value for IMF is calculated. The results show that only in the situation where the population mean is close to the optimum of 2.5 % a high economic value for IMF can be justified. Finally improving meat quality by selection index and QTL-information is discussed. The future selection strategy should focus on halothan negative lines (using MHS-information) due to the minimization of meat failure and reduction of variance in carcass and meat quality traits. At present the inclusion of further traits (e.g. intramuscular fat) is not indicated. Requirements for special market segments can performed using complementary levels of different breeds.
Zum Einfluss der Trainingsmethode auf das Lernverhalten von Zwergziegen am Computer
Authors: Franz H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: The Influence of training methods on learning behaviour of dwarf goats on an automatic learning device In learning experiments with 67 Dwarf Goat kids on a general purpose Computer system for behavioural conditioning experiments, named "Field Monitor", it was tested, how to train successful animals on automated learning devices. Using 4 simultaneously offered visual Stimuli whose arrangement varies randomly in consecutive offers, a substantial side preference (a subject chose one side more frequently than the other) was frequently developed by the test animals. Such behavioural strategy could be effectively overcome by a special Software which presented for some test intervals only the non rewarded S- patterns on the preferred side.
Wachstum, Schlachtleistung und Schlachtkörperqualität von Weidemastkälbern aus der Mutterkuhhaltung mit Fleischrindrassen
Authors: Golze M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Growth, slaughter Performance and meat quality of pasture fattening calves raised on cattle out of the mother cows with beef cattle The production of calves raised on cattle depends on mother cows and the direct market. The calves mainly live on mother's milk, some cattle fodder and a little grain from the farm. Out of this reason and because of the high quality of the product it has a high reputation for the consumer. Some other advantages are for the method, the producer and the national economy because animals are used very young and though they decrease the mass of beef. The animals are slaughtered when they are dismissed. That's why pre-ripped breeds and their cross-breeding like Angus and Limousin are very suitable. The result of experiments shows that already with a slaughter age of seven–eight months you can reach a weight of 230–300 kg. With a slaughter yield of 56–58 % means this a warm weight of 140–180 kg. The valuable parts were 60–64 %. The good quality of the beef can be increased by a two weeks ripening of the meat. The consumers have a tends meat rich in protein and with a low fat content.
The genetic character of goats breed in Pomerania based on the polymorphism of blood proteins
Authors: Wojdak-Maksymiec K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The experiment covered seven racial population of goats (740 females) breed in the region of Pomerania. Based on the electrophoresis of transferrin, hemoglobin, albumin and protein X, it was established that there were two alleles in each locus, causing the presence of three genotypes. Observed distribution of those genotypes stayed in accordance with the expected one. Larger number of homozygous then heterozygous genotypes was observed among each studied population. The coefficient of mean heterozygosity was the lowest in Czech goats (0.0655) while the highest was in Dutch White II (0.2938). Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of alleles and genotypes, and in the level of homo- and heterozygosity in analyzed protein systems among all tested populations. Among studied goats populations, 18 hemotypes of 54 possible were present. According to hemotypes frequency, the level of genetic consolidation was established. The population of Dutch White Improved II appeared to be the most differentiated one while Czech White Improved – the most consolidated. The largest genetic distance was noted between Czech goats and Dutch White Improved II (0.03092). The smallest genetic distance characterized Saanen and Toggenburg goats (0.00200).
Einfluss des Energie- und Proteinniveaus sowie der Proteinqualität auf die Milchleistung der Bunten Deutschen Edelziege
Authors: Kijora C. , Peters K.-J. , Rexroth H. , Chowdhury S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of energy level and dietary protein quality and quantity on the lactation performance of German Fawn Goats In this study two feeding trials were conducted using a total of 45 goats (German Fawn) to estimate milk yield for a lactation period of 150 days. Goats were fed corresponding German (high, H) and International (low, N) feeding standards for milk production. At each feeding level the diet had either protected (P, formaldehyde) or unprotected (U) Soya meal, resulting in different UDP amounts. The diets used in the trials had different protein contents: V1 low (11.9–12.3%) and V2 high (15.9–16.6%) respectively. The diet were composed of hay and pellets with energy contents ranging from 11.3 to 11.6 MJ ME/ kg DM. The milk yield was 40% lower in groups of V1 as compared to groups of V2 which is mainly attributed to the decreased energy and protein intake, partly caused due to low feed intake and the lack of RDP for optimal rumen microbial activity in V1. There also existed a strong correlation between feed intake and protein content of the diet. Feeding of protein protection resulted in an increased protein amount at duodenum and the goats gave a higher milk yield, provided a sufficient RDP level was secured. A high protein content in diet (16%) at middle and late lactation induced a protein surplus which is combined with inefficient energy utilisation. During the lactation period the diets have to be adapted not only for energy but also for protein needs
The variation in amino acid levels in the blood plasma of breeding roosters during sexual maturation*
Authors: Straková E. , Suchý P. , Večerek V. , Máchal L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The paper provides an overview of results obtained in the study of variation in free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of breeding roosters (RIR 05 line) during sexual maturation (in the 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th weeks of age). The results prove that dynamic changes in free amino acid concentrations in blood plasma are connected with the sexual maturation of breeding roosters. During this period the concentrations of each particular free amino acid varied at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01. Furthermore, in most cases the plasma concentrations of free amino acids in the 10th and 15th week were higher in comparison with those in the 20th and 25th week. Interestingly, the concentrations of individual free amino acids ranged over a wide interval (units, tens and hundreds of μmol/l). In this respect the free amino acids in plasma can be divided into three groups. The first group consisted of amino acids that occurred at low molar concentration (up to 100 μmol/l): cysteic acid, aspartic acid, α-aminoadipic acid, methionine, isoleucine, γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-methylhistidine, tryptophan and ornitine. The second group included amino acids occurring at medium to high molar concentration (100–300 μmol/l): taurine, glutamine, 1/2 cystine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine. Finally, the third group contained threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine and alanine that were present at high molar concentrations (above 300 μmol/l). Analyses of plasma in the period from the 10th to 25th week detected dynamic changes in levels of individual free amino acids and showed that the total content of these amino acids gradually decreased to the following mean values: 5 685.00 μmol/l in the 10th week, 5 076.21 μmol/l in the 15th week, 4 384.78 μmol/l in the 20th week and 4 793.30 μmol/l in the 25th week.
Shortening of the oestrous cycle and repeated induction of heat as a method of treatment of repeat breeder cows
Authors: Ramoun A. A. , Kadoom A. K. , Fouad F. M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Fifty-four repeat breeder cows were divided into 4 groups (GI to GIV), each one contained 14 cows with the exception of the 1st one which contained 12 cows. The oestrous cycle was shortened in cows of GI and GII by means of injection of 0.5 mg of cloprostenol in GI on day 10 of the cycle and by single intra-uterine infusion of 100–150 ml of Lugol's Iodine from day 3 to 5 of metoestrous in cows of GII. Cows in GIII were infused by Norofloxacin on day 1 to 3 of the 1st and 2nd cycle only. Cows in group IV were left as non-treated affected control and just rested for 3 successive cycles. Insemination was performed at the 3rd induced heat in cows of GI, after 3 cycles (2 shortened and one with normal length) in cows of GII and after 3 cycles with normal length in cows of both GIII and GIV. The post-treatment conception rates were determined. There were significant differences (P < 0.005) in the total and first service conception rates between cows in GI and GIII compared with that of those in GIV and GII. Also, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) for C.R. between cows in GII and those in GIV. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that shortening of oestrous cycle and repeated induction of heats using PGF2 α analogue (cloprostenol) is better than i.u. infusion of antibiotic together with sexual rest for treatment of repeat breeder cows.
Crossbreeding Nigeria Indigenous with the Dahlem Red chickens for improved productivity and adaptability
Authors: Adedokun S. A. , Sonaiya E. B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In a 5-year crossbreeding experiment, specific groups of the Nigeria Indigenous chicken (NI) from two ecological zones (i.e. Fulani, Fu; Fulani dwarf, FuD from the Northern Guinea Savanna and Yoruba, Y, from the Derived Savanna) and the German Dahlem Red normal (DR) and Dahlem Red Dwarf (DRD) were used to produce four genetic groups DR x Fu, Fu x DR, DR x Y, and FuD x DRD which were evaluated for age and weight at first egg, egg weight, percent hen-day egg production, percent laying mortality and resistance to disease. A total of 505 NI growers and 584 and 48 imported day-old DR and DRD chicks, respectively, were evaluated as parent stock. Data compilation was by DBase IV. Data were analysed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 1986). For all the traits evaluated, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between NI from the three ecological zones. Therefore, pooled NI means were compared with the means for the DR and the crosses between them. Mean 280-day egg weights were 55.7, 36.8 and 42.9g, respectively, for DR, NI and the crosses while DR, NI and crosses produced 103, 70 and 83 eggs, respectively, over a period of 196 days. The DR x Fu cross had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) egg weight for most of the periods studied with mean egg weight of 46.1g. The 280-day egg production of DR x Fu, (148) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of DR x Y and Fu x DR (119) and FuD x DRD (87). At week 40, DR x Fu females were significantly heavier (p<0.05) than all the females of the other groups while the FuD x DRD progeny had the least body weights at all the ages studied. Overall, DR x Fu and DR x Y were superior to Fu x DR and FuD x DRD for most of the traits studied. Results of the skin test using Skin response to Phytohaemagglutinin inoculation showed FuD x DRD, DR x Y and Fu x DR with values of 0.45mm, 0.36mm and 0.34mm, respectively. Inbred lines DR x DR and Y x Y gave values of 0.33 and 0.50, respectively.
Schätzung inzuchtwirksamer (effektiver) Populationsgrößen aus Genfrequenzschwankungen bei Bayerischem Fleckvieh und Tiroler Grauvieh
Authors: Pirchner F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Estimating effective population size (Ne) from allele frequency changes in Bavarian Simmental (FV) and Tyrolean Grey (GV) cattle Frequencies of 10 to 16 alleles of blood group, hemo- and lactoprotein loci were estimated for FV in 1960, 1986 and 200, for GV in 1969, 1979 and 1998. Rates of inbreeding in the intervening periods and Ne`s were derived from Wahlund variances. The Ne`s for the two part periods of FV, spanning 2.2 resp. 4.1 generations, were 152 resp. 147, for the whole period of 6.25 generation intervals 373. This is due to the opposing signs of the changes in the two part periods and it may reflect the large influence of a top sire on the gene pool in the first period and ensueing change to a FV gene reservoir similar to that in 1960. For GV the Ne`of the two part periods were 139 and 56, for the whole 97, roughly in agreement with the one expected from the two short periods. The lower Ne of the second part period agrees well with an estimate by the inbreeding increment in roughly the same time period.
Influence of time of day the milk and season on the somatic cell count under Hungarian conditions
Authors: Baltay Z.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This research indicates that the numerical value of the emptying of somatic cells as a result of the effect of time of day cannot be demonstrated and interval difference less than 2 hours between milking does not significantly influence the formation of somatic cells and their absolute quantity. Moreover it was confirmed that subclinical mastitis also occurs in individual udder quarters of healthy qualified cows producing bulk milk with somatic cell count below 400 thousand / ml. Udder quarter with mastitis was found in 15,2 % of cows of the tested stock realising this production, which can be considered a significant proportion and is a justification for eliminating and taking udder health care of these animals
Einfluss des nach der TOBEC-Methode bestimmten Fettgehaltes bei Kaninchen auf die Wurfleistungen und die Körperzusammensetzung der Nachkommen
Authors: Lévai A. , Milisits G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of selection on body fat content by means of the TOBEC method on some reproductive traits of rabbit does and on the body composition of growing rabbits In this experiment body fat content of Pannon White growing rabbits was determined at 10 weeks of age using an EM-SCAN SA-3152 type Small Animal Body Composition Analyser (TOBEC method). Based on the fat content determined the best and worst 16% of the does and the best and worst 8% of the bucks were chosen and mated with each other (fatty doe with fatty buck and lean doe with lean buck). It was found that the conception rate was significantly higher and the number of inseminations needed for the second kindling significantly lower in the case of fatty rabbits. An important, but not significant difference was observed in the case of total litter size at birth, which decreased in the case of live born litter size. This reason was the significantly higher ratio of the dead born pups in the case of non-fatty rabbits. Due to the higher ratio of total litter loss and suckling mortality in the case of fatty rabbits the litter size at 21 days differed notably, but again not significantly. In the offsprings of the F1 generation it was found that the fat content estimated and also the ratio of scapular and abdominal fat to the live weight calculated differed significantly (P < 0.05) from each other in the two experimental groups. The estimated fat content was 42% higher in the offsprings of fatty than in the offsprings of non-fatty rabbits. The differences in the ratio of the scapular and abdominal fat content to the live weight were 26% and 51%, respectively.
Induced parturition in recipient cattle carrying nuclear transfer calves
Authors: Funk D. J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Historically there has been a lack of spontaneous parturition in nuclear transfer animals produced from somatic cells. A significant number of nuclear transfer calves are born with health problems and died within a week of birth. To a lesser degree in-vitro produced (IVP) calves have had the same abnormalities at birth. There are numerous reports of nuclear transfer calves having placental dysfunction such as hydroallantois or hydroamnion, and placental pathology such as edema or extremely large and/or abnormal placentomes. In an attempt to circumvent some of these maladies, a program was devised to induce recipients carrying nuclear transfer fetuses to calve 1 week earlier than expected full term gestation. All recipient cows were induced toward parturition at day 274 (+/- 2 days) of gestation. The cows were injected IM with 20 mg of dexamethasone (Pro Labs Ltd., St. Joseph, MO, U.S.A.) and 25 mg dinoprost (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI, U.S.A.) 24 hours before an elective caesarian section. Of the 31 nuclear transfer calves born at Trans-Ova Genetics utilizing this procedure, 23 (74%) survived the immediate postnatal period with minimal medical care. Eight calves (26%) died within 36 hours of birth. Placental edema, large birth weights, pulmonary edema and pathological right side heart problems were common findings in the calves that died. Two calves (6%) died later in life from other unrelated health problems. 21 calves (68%) remain for productive ventures. Birth weights on all calves ranged from 38 to 89 kg.
Efficient heating of piglet nests
Authors: Štuhec I. , Kovač M. , Malovrh S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The impact of hovers (closed nests) in the farrowing pen on energy consumption was studied. The hovers were equipped with electric heating tube, sensor, and automatically controlled heat regulation. They reduce energy losses and provide a warm environment for piglets, as well as a thermally suitable farrowing unit for sows. Temperature wise, hovers provide a high level of comfort for both. During the two-year experimental period, electricity usage was measured from farrowing to weaning during 60 lactations standardised to 28 days. On average, the electricity consumption was 42.68 kWh per lactation (51.51 kWh in winter and 33.65 kWh during summer season). Major part of the energy was used in the first week of lactation (41.45 %). After that, the weekly usage of energy decreased (29.26 %, 19.89 %, 9.40 % from the second to the fourth week, respectively) because of the decreased needs for supplemental heating and increased self produced warmth of older piglets. The calculation of total costs for heating showed that nearly 100.21 EUR per farrowing pen were saved annually compared to the system without hovers and without heat regulation, a common practice in piglet production.
Effekte der Entwicklungsqualität auf die Herzfrequenz, die Aktivitäts- und Ruhezeiten und deren Rhythmizität sowie auf die Wachstumsleistung der Milchrindkälber während der Aufzucht in Gruppenhaltung mit Tränkeautomatenfütterung
Authors: Steinhardt M. , Thielscher H.-H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effects of development quality on heart rate, activity and resting times and their diurnal rhythmicity and on growth of group housed feeder-fed dairy calves To characterize the rhythmicity of physiological variables in dairy calves of different developmental quality and fitness (groups by hemoglobin content of blood) at early gowth (71 German Holstein Friesian, 6 German Red Pied, 36 male and 41 female) long term heart rate recordings were taken at 5, 15, 40 and 60 days of age using Polar Sport Tester, from which the number and duration of activity (ZDA) and resting times (ZDR) and the total daily activity (GZA) and resting time (GZR) could be established. For these periods characteristic heart rate values were calculated (HFA and HFR) and they were analysed for daytime periods of three hours duration at different life ages. Mean HFA and HFR were significantly different between calves of group HbG1, HbG2 and HbG3 at 5 days and 15 days of age and ZDA was significantly different at 5 and 60 days of age. HF and the increase of HF (HFA-HFR) were significantly smaller at 15 days then at 5 days of age. Mean ZDA and GZA and ZDR were greater and the GZR was smaller at 40 and 60 days then at 5 and 15 days of age. Changes of the variables by 40 and 60 days of life took place with different degrees in calves of the three groups. Deviation of HFA and HFR from the mean of the individual daytime heart rate recording showed a rhythmicity that has been affected by feed access of the calves at the feed supply station. Means of ZDA and ZDR were significantly different between daytime periods of three hours duration at the age points. Results show effects of development quality on physiological variables of calves and on the rhythmicity of the variables and what changes occur with advanced development and adaptation of the animals.
Development to Blastocyst Stage of Pig Oocytes Matured, Fertilized and Electroactivated In Vitro
Authors: Mtango N. R. , Varisanga M. D. , Juan D. Y. , Wongrisekeao P. , Suzuki T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study was designed 1) to determine the effectiveness of two in vitro maturation (IVM) media (tissue culture medium [TCM] and modified synthetic oviduct fluid supplemented with amino acids [mSOFaa]), 2) to compare the effects of two in vitro fertilization (IVF) media (modified Tris-buffered medium [mTBM] and mSOFaa) on the developmental competence of pig oocytes, and 3) to test the activation ability of IVM pig oocytes matured in TCM or mSOFaa, electroactivated and cultured in mSOFaa. The nuclear maturation rates were similar between IVM media (91.0 % vs. 89.0 %). A similar result was obtained when the activation rates were 54.2 % in TCM and 56.0 % in mSOFaa, and the blastocyst rates were 7.9 % and 6.1 %, respectively. There was no significant difference between mSOFaa and mTBM in the percentage of embryos with two pronuclei 33.2 % vs. 13.8 % or polypronuclei 5.3 % vs. 13.4 %. The cleavage rate was the same in both media. The medium mSOFaa gave a significantly higher (P< 0.05) blastocyst rate than mTBM (12.7 % vs. 3.9 %). We concluded that mSOFaa can enhance in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture of pig oocytes.
Influence of protein starvation on some lysosomal enzyme activities in blood serum of sheep
Authors: Kołątaj A. , Klewiec J. , Konecka A. M. , Jóźwik A. , Śliwa-Jóźwik A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Reactivity of none lysosomal enzymes in blood plasma of sheep has been estimated. After 48 h protein deprivation the activity of BGLU, BGAL, AAP and LAP increased significantly, NAGL and LL activity decreased, EL and KF activity remained unchanged.
Aussagegenauigkeit der Milchleistungsprüfung unter Bedingungen automatischer Melkverfahren – Vergleich deutscher und kanadischer Modellansätze
Authors: Bohlsen E. , Waßmuth R. , Ordolff D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Reliability of milk recording applying automatic milking - comparison of German and Canadian model approaches Due to a high variability of milking intervals within animals rate of milk secretion and milk yield per hour in automatic milking systems (AMS) are more variable than in conventional milking systems. Further reasons are technical problems and the absence of milking persons cows with problems are to be milked. The calculation of milk yield obtained in 24 hours, only based on milking during the test day, is not precise enough. To calculate the average milk yield in a testing period as many milking as possible should be taken into consideration. Milk yield calculated according to that procedure does not correspond with milk composition of the test day. Based on 85012 milking on one farm the amount of milking was calculated, required to minimize the variability of milk yield per hour and to obtain a high correlation of the calculated daily yield with the "real" milk yield during the sampling period. Depending on number and state of lactation it was found that between 13 and 16 milking are required to obtain a maximum of accuracy. In all classes 12 milking would result in 95% of the maximum accuracy. Since farm management and type of the AMS may affect the results additional types of AMS and more farms should be included into the evaluation.
Genetische Analyse der Population des Hinterwälder Rindes
Authors: Biedermann G. , Waldmann S. , Maus F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Genetic analysis of the population of Hinterwald cattle Since 1994 the Hinterwald population is devided into one of dairy cows and one of suckling cows. The bulls are available to both subpopulations. By means of herdbook records of the year of 2002 there were gained 79 bulls, 698 dairy cows and 517 suckling cows. Considering five generations of ancestors the subpopulations have been investigated with regard to genetic contribution, generation intervals, and circumstances of relationship and inbreeding. The average percentage of Hinterwald blood in the current population amounts to 97 %. The genetic portions of other breeds are low and mostly originating from Vorderwald cattle. The mean generation interval (parents–current animals) is about 5 years. Between the sires and current animals it is shorter (about 4 years) than between the dams and the current animals (about 7 years). The average coefficient of relationship among the bulls is the highest (3.7 %) compared to the dairy cows (2.2 %) and the suckling cows (0.9 %). The mean degree of inbreeding is 1.2 up to 1.3 %, and 37 % of the bulls, 57 % of the dairy cows and 74 % of the suckling cows are not inbred. The increase of inbreeding is rather low and doesn’t surmount 0.7 % in all subpopulations. Therefore it can be assumed that the Hinterwald cattle at present is not subjected to any danger of inbreeding.
In vivo measurement of total body lipid content of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by electrical conductivity
Authors: Hancz C. , Milisits G. , Horn P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. non-destructive method to predict the total lipid content and the lean body mass (LBM) was evaluated by measuring the total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) with common carp. This technique is based on the principle that body fat and fat-free mass differ in electric properties which can be measured in a low-frequency electromagnetic field. Experimental fish with average body weight of 1225 ± 298 g originated from a commercial stock. Fish were slaughtered immediately after the measurements and homogenized samples were taken from the grinded whole-body. The fat content of the homogenates was analysed using Soxhlet extraction after hydrochloric acid digestion. The weight of lean body mass (LBM) was calculated as the difference between the live weight and the weight of fat determined. The TOBEC method provided very precise estimation of lean body mass (R2 = 0.99). Total body lipid content (in gram) can also be predicted from the E value and live weight with adequate accuracy (R2 = 0.66) in the size range of 706–1989 g in common carp. The predictibility of the crude fat content (in %) was moderate (R2 = 0.37) in the present investigation. It could not be increased significantly by including other body measurements as standard lenght, height and circumference. Fat content of table-sized, sexually matured common carp can be estimated at a precision level that may be adequate only if high selection pressure has to be applied in a breeding program.
Bedeutung der Inzucht bei Tauernschecken-Ziegen
Authors: Wokac R. M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: On the importance of inbreeding at Tauernschecken goats This analysis of Tauernschecken goats, an Austrian alpine rare breed, wants to find out if there is any inbreeding depression. Therefore 1749 animals born at 1962 to 2002 were judged for their exterieur, duration of live, fecundity, viability and weight of offspring; besides their inbreeding coefficient was calculated. The average inbreeding coefficient ranges from 5 to 6 %. The degree of inbreeding is in accordance with the lowest third of inbreeding of other rare species. Over the last ten years a low rate of increase in inbreeding of 0,19 % per generation can be observed. There is no correlation of one of these judged criterions of productivity and the inbreeding coefficient, which allows the conclusion that there is no inbreeding depression in Tauernschecken goats. Conservation biology offers some interpretations. The traditional entire breeding management should not be given up for overestimating some inbreeding coefficients. Preservation of endangered rare breeds as cultural ressources means also to preserve the traditional knowledge of the complexity of breeding criterions.
Schätzung von Varianzkomponenten mit Gruppenmittelwerten am Beispiel von Legehennen, gehalten in Gruppenkäfigen
Authors: Mielenz N. , Nurgiartiningsih V. , Schmutz M. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Estimation of variance components from group mean records of laying hens housed in group cages Two models are presented to estimate variance components if only group mean records are available. The first model accounts for additive genetic relationships and full-sib group effects (SIMIANER and GJERDE, 1991) and the second model contains the additive genetic effects of all animals from one cage by using modified design matrices. Estimates of the genetic parameters were obtained by the MIVQUE-method (RAO, 1971; LAMOTTE, 1973). The variances of the estimated heritabilities were derived from the information matrix. Estimations from individual records and from average records (cage average) were compared in a small application on laying hen data. The analysed trait was single egg weight measured on hens housed in group cages. It could be shown: If cage variance is negligible, than for the estimation of the heritabilities full-sib data can be used successfully. The application of the modified animal model is suggested, because this model can take into account more complex relationships between the animals of one cage.
Studies on the growth and the development of the Claw capsule in new born calves of different breeding lines using linear measurements
Authors: Nüske S. , Scholz A. M. , Förster M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study evaluated claw development in 80 calves of different genetic background during the first 70 days of life. Linear claw measurements were found to be useful tools for this purpose. Large differences in claw parameters were observed, depending on the position of the claws, gender and breeding line, including interaction effects between gender and breeding line. In all four pairs of claws, the medial claws were longer than the lateral claws. Claw width is significantly wider in lateral claws, both hind and fore. Male calves showed significantly higher values than females in most measured parameters except bulb length and angle of the bulb. Comparing breeding lines, significant differences in some parameters (claw width, length of the diagonal, sole length, axial wall length) were found, which are in discussion to be important in claw soundness. Older cows produced calves with larger claws than calves of younger cows.
Abgangsursachen und ihr Einfluss auf die Lebensleistung bei Sauen der Rassen Deutsches Edelschwein, Deutsche Landrasse und Pietrain
Authors: Heusing M. , Hamann H. , Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Culling reasons and their effect on lifetime productivity in sows of the breeds German Large White, German Landrace and Pietrain Culling reasons in sows were analysed with respect to their importance for the different times of removal and their effects on longevity, length of productive life, number of piglets born alive and number of weaned piglets in the whole life of a sow. The investigation was based on records of 655 Large White (DE) sows, 13,005 German Landrace (DL) sows and 6,473 Pietrain (PI) sows born between1989 and 1994 and culled until 2002. In all the three breeds investigated, removal was highest due to fertility with 15 % (DE and PI) and 20 % (DL) and next highest due to diseases with 11 to 13 %. In PI sows, culling for low fattening performance and low efficiency in carcass yield ranked third (8 %), while removal for old age (9 and 10 %, respectively) was more important in DE and DL sows. The main timespan for the different culling reasons were after the fourth farrowing due to infertility, between the 2nd and 5th farrowing due to low fattening performance and low efficiency in carcass yield, after the first farrowing due to reproduction problems and up to 4th farrowing due to diseases, while culling due to old age did not occur before the 5th farrowing. Heritabilities of reasons for removal were in the range of h2 = 0.04–0.08 due to poor fertility, h2 = 0.01–0.09 due to low fattening performance and low efficiency in carcass yield, h2 = 0.02 due to reproductive problems, between h2 = 0.01 and h2 = 0.05 due to diseases and between h2 = 0.05 and h2 = 0.16 due to miscellaneous reasons.
Genetic and environmental effects on twin pregnancy and length of reproduction in Thoroughbred mares
Authors: Bresińska A. , Wachowska L. , Szwaczkowski T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Reproductive data of 1910 Thoroughbred mares from seven Polish studs were analyzed using linear animal model. The mares were born between 1929 and 1994. The frequency of multiple pregnancies was 3.5% in this population. Fecundity (defined as ratio of number of progeny to number of pregnancies) and length of reproduction were recorded. Heritability estimates of fecundity and the number of pregnancies were 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. Genetic correlation between these traits was −0.42 whereas phenotypic and environmental correlations were close to zero (−0.05 and −0.04, respectively). In general, genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends for fecundity and the number of pregnancies were non-negative. However, these annual effects are highly fluctuated. It may be attributed to the influence of some sires incorporated into population. Hence, a segregation of single locus can be hypothesised.
Investigations on breeding plans for organic dairy cattle
Authors: Harder B. , Junge W. , Bennewitz J. , Kalm E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. facilities in Germany, different alternative breeding plans for organic cattle breeding were developed using the computer program ZPLAN. First the impact of the population size on the parameters of success was analysed. A conventional cattle breeding program was compared with an organic breeding program. The results indicate that the selection response increased with increasing population size due to improved selection of bull sires. The EU Regulations on organic farming say that the proportion of artificial insemination has to be reduced as much as possible. According to this, the influence of different proportions of artificial insemination on the monetary genetic gain was investigated. The reduction of artificial insemination below 50% led to high losses in the discounted profit. The influence of higher economic weights for functional traits on the natural selection response was investigated. An increase of the economic weights by 50% led to tolerable decreases in the natural selection response of production traits with regard to a more ecological orientated breeding goal. The effect of the variation of the test capacity and the number of test bulls on the monetary genetic gain was analysed. The optimum for the monetary genetic gain was located at a test capacity of 50%, 30 test bulls and 99 daughters per test bull.
STREMODO, ein innovatives Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Erfassung der Stressbelastung von Schweinen bei Haltung und Transport
Authors: Manteuffel G. , Schön P. C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: STREMODO, an innovative technique for continuous stress assessment of pigs in housing and transport Vocal utterances of animals are the results of emotional states in specific situations. Therefore, distress calls of pigs can be used as indicators of impaired welfare. An automatic system was developed that responds selectively to stress vocalisations and that registrates and records their amount in the time domain. It can be applied in housing systems, during transports and in abattoirs. The patented technique is based on sequential records of the actual sound events in short time windows (92ms) and a parsimonious coding by 12 complex parameters (LPC-coefficients). A subsequent artificial neural network trained with respective parameters from porcine stress vocalisations is able to detect stress utterances with an error rate of less than 5 % even in noisy stables.