bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impedance spectroscopy for quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Qu Xiangwei , Sun Xiaowei
Published: September 2023

Impedance spectroscopy has been increasingly employed in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) to investigate the charge dynamics and device physics. In this review, we introduce the mathematical basics of impedance spectroscopy that applied to QLEDs. In particular, we focus on the Nyquist plot, Mott−Schottky analysis, capacitance-frequency and capacitance-voltage characteristics, and the dC/dV measurement of the QLEDs. These impedance measurements can provide critical information on electrical parameters such as equivalent circuit models, characteristic time constants, charge injection and recombination points, and trap distribution of the QLEDs. However, this paper will also discuss the disadvantages and limitations of these measurements. Fundamentally, this review provides a deeper understanding of the device physics of QLEDs through the application of impedance spectroscopy, offering valuable insights into the analysis of performance loss and degradation mechanisms of QLEDs.
A dual-mode image sensor using an all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array for standard and neuromorphic imaging
Authors: Long Zhenghao , Ding Yucheng , Qiu Xiao , Zhou Yu , Kumar Shivam , Fan Zhiyong
Published: September 2023

The high-density, vertically aligned retinal neuron array provides effective vision, a feature we aim to replicate with electronic devices. However, the conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, based on separate designs for sensing, memory, and processing units, limits its integration density. Moreover, redundant signal communication significantly increases energy consumption. Current neuromorphic devices integrating sensing and signal processing show promise in various computer vision applications, but there is still a need for frame-based imaging with good compatibility. In this study, we developed a dual-mode image sensor based on a high-density all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array. The device can switch between frame-based standard imaging mode and neuromorphic imaging mode by applying different biases. This unique bias-dependent photo response is based on a well-designed energy band diagram. The biomimetic alignment of nanowires ensures the potential for high-resolution imaging. To further demonstrate the imaging ability, we conducted pattern reconstruction in both modes with a 10 × 10 crossbar device. This study introduces a novel image sensor with high compatibility and efficiency, suitable for various applications including computer vision, surveillance, and robotics.
Observation of reduced-turbulence regime with tungsten injection in HL-2A edge plasmas
Authors: Zou Q. , Cheng J. , Shi Z.B. , Xu Y. , Yan L.W. , Dong C.F. , Chen X. , Zhang W. , Zhu Y.J. , Huang Z.H. , Wang W.C. , Wu N. , Liu L. , Tang C.J. , Ji X.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M.
Published: September 2023

A reduced-turbulence regime has been observed in HL-2A NBI-heated deuterium plasmas. The transition to this regime is achieved by injecting a certain amount of tungsten into the plasma based on the laser blow-off technique. It has been found that the amplitude of geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) zonal flow and turbulent vortex size together with eddy tilting angle are all significantly increased in the edge region after tungsten injection. However, the frequency of GAM zonal flow remains nearly unchanged. Measurement shows the nonlinear coupling degree of turbulence dramatically increases while the collisional damping of GAM zonal flow drops slightly. We conclude that the increased nonlinear coupling is the main cause of the excitation of GAM zonal flow, which consequently results in the reduction in turbulent transport as observed in this experiment. These results indicate that tungsten ions play an active role in turbulence-GAM dynamics through a symmetry-breaking mechanism, which could help us to better understand the inherent physical mechanisms governing turbulent transport in the presence of high-Z impurity ions in fusion plasmas.
Evolutionary dynamics of a lattice dimer: a toy model for stability vs. affinity trade-offs in proteins
Authors: Loffredo E , Vesconi E , Razban R , Peleg O , Shakhnovich E , Cocco S , Monasson R
Published: September 2023

Understanding how a stressor applied on a biological system shapes its evolution is key to achieving targeted evolutionary control. Here we present a toy model of two interacting lattice proteins to quantify the response to the selective pressure defined by the binding energy. We generate sequence data of proteins and study how the sequence and structural properties of dimers are affected by the applied selective pressure, both during the evolutionary process and in the stationary regime. In particular we show that internal contacts of native structures lose strength, while inter-structure contacts are strengthened due to the folding-binding competition. We discuss how dimerization is achieved through enhanced mutability on the interacting faces, and how the designability of each native structure changes upon introduction of the stressor.
Scaling symmetries, contact reduction and Poincaré’s dream
Authors: Bravetti Alessandro , Jackman Connor , Sloan David
Published: September 2023

We state conditions under which a symplectic Hamiltonian system admitting a certain type of symmetry (a scaling symmetry) may be reduced to a type of contact Hamiltonian system, on a space of one less dimension. We observe that such contact reductions underly the well-known McGehee blow-up process from classical mechanics. As a consequence of this broader perspective, we associate a type of variational Herglotz principle associated to these classical blow-ups. Moreover, we consider some more flexible situations for certain Hamiltonian systems depending on parameters, to which the contact reduction may be applied to yield contact Hamiltonian systems along with their Herglotz variational counterparts as the underlying systems of the associated scale-invariant dynamics. From a philosophical perspective, one obtains an equivalent description for the same physical phenomenon, but with fewer inputs needed, thus realizing Poincaré’s dream of a scale-invariant description of the Universe.
Growth and Yield Performance of Genotype Sweet Corn (Zea mays L) with Dosage of Trichoderma sp
Authors: Wahyurini E , Supriyanta B , Suprihanti A
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study was to obtain the interaction between the sweet corn genotype and the Trichoderma sp dose. The method used Completely Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is genotype : Talenta, Sweet Boy, TLT 29, SBD 2-23, TLSB 3-3 and CMP 3-63. The second factor is dose Trichoderma (20, 25 and 30 ton/ha). The data were analyzed using Anova 5% and if there were significantly different variables, further DMRT test. The results showed that CMP 3-63 genotype with Trichoderma sp 20 tons/ha could increase the weight of the cob without bractea, TLT 29 genotype had a large stem diameter, and the number of rows on the cob was larger. SBD 2-23 genotype higher sweetness. Talenta and Sweet Boy have a greater cob weight without bractea. Trichoderma sp did not significantly affect the growth and yield of sweet corn.
Climate Change and Potato Cultivation: A Geographical Shift and Its Implications
Authors: Lakatos L , Misik T , Csabai E K , Cs Patkós
Published: September 2023

This research scrutinizes the shifting geographical trends in potato cultivation and its relation to climate change. Our study leverages historical FAO data and employs an analytical lens to assess the divergent patterns of potato production between the European Union and regions including Asia, South America, and Africa. Focusing on temperature and precipitation as critical climatic factors, we discovered that these elements can considerably limit potato cultivation in warmer countries and significantly affect yields in temperate regions. Our findings corroborate the notion that climate change could result in diminished potato yields due to increased temperature and unfavorable water supply. Furthermore, it was observed that potato growth is adversely affected by higher temperatures and suboptimal water conditions, influencing plant development, leaf senescence, tuber growth, and ultimately, yield. Interestingly, our research also unveils a potential solution: the advent of drought-tolerant potato varieties and water-saving tillage technologies, which could help farmers adapt to these climatic changes. These findings underscore the urgent need for continued research in the development of climate-resilient crops and agricultural practices to ensure future food security.
Enhanced Soybean Growth and Damping-off Disease Suppression via Trichoderma asperellum and Liquid Tofu Waste Co-application
Authors: Andriani E , Prihatiningrum A E , Sutarman
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the inhibitory properties of Trichoderma asperellum Tc-Jjr-02 against Rhizoctonia sp. Rz-Sd05, and the associated effects of its combined application with liquid tofu waste on damping-off disease in soybeans, as well as on the vegetative growth parameters of the plant. An in vitro dual-culture technique was employed for the inhibition test, while in vivo plant growth parameters were examined using a factorial Randomized Block Design. Observational variables included the disease symptom index, plant height, leaf number, and dry weights of shoot and root. The application of T. asperellum and tofu waste was found to inhibit Rhizoctonia sp. Rz-Sd05 by 58.52 ± 4.12%, reducing damping-off symptoms by up to 69.8%. Furthermore, the co-application significantly improved the soybean’s vegetative growth, leading to increases of 27.3-35.8% in plant height, 16.1-25.2% in leaf numbers, and up to 31.3% and 47.5% in root and shoot weights respectively, compared to control conditions. These findings suggest that the combined application of T. asperellum and liquid tofu waste can effectively mitigate damping-off disease and enhance soybean growth, providing a sustainable approach to improving crop health and yield.
Watering Regimes Impact on Pakcoy Mustard Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Dynamics
Authors: Luthfiyyani F , Abror M , Arifin S
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of watering volumes on the growth, yield, and nutrient dynamics in Pakcoy Mustard plants grown in East Java. Conducted from July to August 2022, the experiment used a randomized block design comprising three levels: 10 liters, 7 liters, and 4 liters of water, each with five replications. Our findings underscored a strong correlation between water quantity and crop yield. Specifically, the treatment with 4 liters of water resulted in the lowest yield due to suboptimal conditions involving significant water reduction and high nutrient concentration (ppm) coupled with low pH values, yielding a wet weight of 63,432 grams and dry weight of 1,698 grams. Conversely, the best crop yield was achieved with the 7-liter treatment, which facilitated optimum nutrient absorption (ppm) and pH levels, accounting for 85.3% of the variation, while 14.7% was attributable to external factors. The study unveiled a substantial effect of reduced watering on nutrient concentration, with lower water amounts leading to increased nutrient density and more acidic conditions due to decreased pH values. These findings underscore the criticality of balancing water volume and nutrient dynamics for optimizing pakcoy mustard yields and may have significant implications for home-based agriculture and water management practices.
Development of an Automatic Water Flow Sensor System Using ESP32 for Efficient Water Control
Authors: Majid A , Jamaaluddin  , Wiguna A , Setiawan H , Farihah A
Published: September 2023

Access to clean and reliable drinking water is essential for human well-being. This research aims to develop an automatic water flow sensor system based on ESP32 microcontroller for efficient water control. The study employs the Development (Observation) method to observe and record the activities involved in the system development process. The system allows users to adjust the water discharge according to their requirements by utilizing a keypad interface and modifying the Arduino IDE code. The experimental results demonstrate a high accuracy of 92% with an 8% error rate, indicating the system’s reliability in controlling the water flow. Moreover, stabilizing the ESP32 microcontroller by providing a voltage of at least 5V ensures optimal performance. The findings suggest the practicality and cost-effectiveness of the developed system, which can contribute to improving water management and conservation efforts worldwide.
Water Quality Assesment Based on Government Regulation Standard in Sangkalami River, North Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Authors: Cahyadi T A , Jayadianti H , Ernawati R , Ardiawan  , Ansori M I , Firmansyah I
Published: September 2023

Sangkalami river was located in, Tanjung Palas Tengah, Bulungan, North Kalimantan. Main issues that occured in Sangkalami River is there was an active open pit coal mine nearby and currently using Sangkalami River as the main outlet of Acid Mine Drainage as a result of mining activities. The goal of this research is to be able provide information regarding potential contamination in Sangkalami River due to coal mine activities nearby. Sample water from the river will be taken to be tested in laboratory for extracting information regarding existing water quality. Government Regulation of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021 will be used as water quality standard to compare the level of pH, Mn, H2S, DO, COD, and BOD in Sangkalami River to the government implemented standard regarding water quality. Main goal of the study is to be able to provide information about contamination level that occured in Sangkalami River.
Phytoremediation Potential of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Iron-Contaminated Mudflow Sites: A Case Study from Lapindo, Indonesia
Authors: Arifin S , Alni M , Abror M
Published: September 2023

This research investigates the potential of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) for phytoremediation in land areas contaminated with high levels of iron (Fe) metal due to the 2006 Lapindo mudflow in Indonesia. The study was conducted in the Jetis Village, Sidoarjo District, from December 2021 to February 2022, employing the Randomized Complete Block Design (RAK) method. The methodology involved the addition of different concentrations of Lapindo mud (0% as control, 10%, 20%, and 30%) to the planting medium. Our findings reveal a significant relationship between the concentration of Lapindo mud and several plant metrics, such as plant height, leaf count, and wet and dry weight, all of which were assessed using regression and correlation analysis. Additionally, we observed that a 30% concentration of the mud led to physical stunting in the shallot plants, implying that excessive absorption of heavy metals can inhibit growth. Notably, in the 30% mud concentration scenario, the Fe content was reduced from an initial 11.82% to 4.52% post-planting. The study thus confirms the capacity of shallots to perform phytoremediation, specifically by decreasing Fe content, thereby offering a potential sustainable solution to manage metal-contaminated sites resulting from geological disasters.
Assessing Technological Sophistication in Food Ingredient Industry: A Path to Modernization for Ensuring Food Safety and Quality
Authors: Aji P B , Wahyuni H C , Sobirov B
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to assess the level of technological sophistication in a food ingredient company based on food safety aspects using technometric and AHP integration. The production process of pregelatinized starch as a premium and specialty product and its supporting processes were evaluated. The technometric approach was used to assess the level of sophistication of each technology component, and AHP was employed to determine the contribution of each technology component. The results showed that the company had a highly sophisticated technological level with a TCC value of 0.909, and the highest contribution of sophistication was found in the orgaware component, followed by infoware, humanware, and technoware. These findings imply that the company has modern technology levels and is capable of meeting customer requirements for food safety and quality.
The Role of Citrus Lemon Aromatherapy in Alleviating Pregnancy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Food Science Perspective
Authors: Nahdiana N , Cholifah S , Purwanti Y , Widowati H
Published: September 2023

This research examined the effectiveness of citrus lemon aromatherapy, a natural plant-based intervention, and PC6 acupressure in reducing nausea and vomiting during the initial trimester of pregnancy, utilizing the principles of food science. The research utilized a non-probability quota sampling technique to select a sample of 40 expectant mothers. The study employed a two-group quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design. The study involved the categorization of participants into two groups, namely aromatherapy and acupressure. The intensity of nausea and vomiting was assessed using the PUQE-24 instrument. The study analyzed pre- and post-intervention scores and found a statistically significant decrease in symptoms after the intervention. The Independent Sample T-Test yielded a p-value of 0.000. The comparative efficacy of both interventions was found to be statistically insignificant (p=0.465). The results emphasize the usefulness of utilizing citrus lemon aromatherapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. This intervention is both safe and effective and has potential implications for its integration into obstetric and midwifery practice within the larger context of food science.
A critical review of experiments on deuterium retention in displacement-damaged tungsten as function of damaging dose
Authors: Schwarz-Selinger T
Published: September 2023

Experimental results from the literature on the evolution of deuterium retention in displacement-damaged tungsten as a function of damaging dose are presented. Except for a few outliers, retention is generally found to increase with the presence of displacement damage. However, total retention results scatter by three orders of magnitude for similar exposure temperatures and are difficult to compare, because they depend on experiment-specific parameters such as the irradiation energy used to produce the displacement damage or the deuterium exposure parameters such as fluence. Even local deuterium concentration measurements were found to scatter by more than one order of magnitude. An experimental methodology is proposed that allows robust conclusions about the evolution of deuterium retention with damage dose and the results are discussed in detail. Recrystallized tungsten is irradiated with 20.3 MeV self-ions at room temperature with different damage doses ranging from 0.001 to 2.3 displacements per atom. The defects are then decorated with a low flux, low-energy deuterium plasma at 450 K sample temperature. 3He Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) shows that the deuterium concentration levels off from the linear increase already at very low damage dose of about 0.005 dpa. At a damage dose of 0.23 dpa a maximum deuterium concentration of about 1.4 at% is reached. Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) shows that with damage increasing above 0.005 dpa, the overall shape of the desorption spectra does not change substantially, only their intensities increase. Total amounts derived from TDS are in quantitative agreement with results from 3He-NRA. Experimental results following this methodology also agree quantitatively with very recent parameter-free modeling of damage evolution.
Midpoint reached in completion of the Extremely Large Telescope
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: September 2023

Construction of a huge telescope atop Cerro Armazones in Chile’s Atacama Desert is now halfway complete. The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), which is being built by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), will be the largest telescope in the world for visible and infrared light.
The road to commercial quantum
Authors: Johnston Hamish
Published: September 2023

Businesses are taking a growing interest in all things quantum, but Hamish Johnston warns that it is too early to say that the field has moved “beyond physics”.
Tesla eyes the future
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: September 2023

James McKenzie is impressed by the latest plans for a sustainable future outlined by the Tesla electric-car company.
The physics of languages
Authors: Patriarca Marco , Heinsalu Els , Sánchez David
Published: September 2023

Much like biological species, languages spread, evolve, compete and even go extinct. To understand these mechanisms, physicists are applying their methods to linguistics, creating the interdisciplinary field of language dynamics, as Marco Patriarca, Els Heinsalu and David Sánchez explain.
Puzzle over ‘two-faced’ white dwarf
Authors: Cooper Keith
Published: September 2023

The merger of two stellar remnants could account for the existence of a strange star covered one half with helium and the other with hydrogen, as Keith Cooper explains.
Haul of ‘drastically shorter’ fast radio bursts discovered
Authors: van Woerkom Ethan
Published: September 2023

Astronomers have detected the shortest fast radio bursts (FRBs) ever, with the briefest lasting a mere five microseconds – a thousand times shorter than typically expected.
Oppenheimer: the movie
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: September 2023

Christopher Nolan’s new film is an epic that most physicists will surely enjoy.
In situ XPS of competitive CO2/H2O absorption in an ionic liquid
Authors: Cole Jordan , Henderson Zoë , Thomas Andrew G , Castle Christopher , Greer Adam J , Hardacre Christopher , Scardamaglia Mattia , Shavorskiy Andrey , Syres Karen L
Published: September 2023

Superbasic ionic liquids (SBILs) are being investigated as potential carbon dioxide (CO2) gas capture agents, however, the presence of H2O in the flue stream can inhibit the uptake of CO2. In this study a thin film of the SBIL trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 1,2,4-triazolide ([P66614][124Triz]) was deposited onto rutile TiO2 (110) using in situ electrospray deposition and studied upon exposure to CO2 and H2O using in situ near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS). The molar uptake ratio of gas in the electrosprayed SBIL (n
gas
:n
IL) was calculated to be 0.3:1 for CO2, 0.7:1 for H2O, and 0.9:1 for a CO2/H2O mixture. NAP-XPS taken at two different depths reveals that the competitive absorption of CO2 and H2O in [P66614][124Triz] varies with sampling depth. A greater concentration of CO2 absorbs in the bulk layers, while more H2O adsorbs/absorbs at the surface. The presence of H2O in the gas mixture does not inhibit the absorption of CO2. Measurements taken during exposure and after the removal of gas indicate that CO2 absorbed in the bulk does so reversibly, whilst CO2 adsorbed/absorbed at the surface does so irreversibly. This is contrary to the fully reversible CO2 reaction shown for bulk ionic liquids (ILs) in literature and suggests that irreversible absorption of CO2 in our highly-structured thin films is largely attributed to reactions at the surface. This has potential implications on IL gas capture and thin film IL catalysis applications.
Design methodology and implementation of stand-alone solar photovoltaic power system for daily energy consumption of 9.16 kWh
Authors: Dare Awoyinka Tunde , Wemimo David Timothy , Emmanuel Somefun Tobiloba , Titilayo Somefun Comfort , Joseph Dirisu
Published: September 2023

This stand-alone solar photovoltaic power system was designed to power a daily energy consumption of 9.16 kWh reliably, by means of photovoltaic only. The design involves different components whose capacities depend on 9.16 kWh daily energy consumption and 1-day autonomy, including several factors that determine the choice of selection. After implementation, the system was put to the test for two days to ascertain the design validity and check if it would be able to sustain the daily load demand for 24 h without failure. The results reveal that the design methodology employed for the stand-alone system in this study is accurate and reliable because the system was able to power the load interminably for 34 h, with a resulting 0.6% DoD at the end of the test. This was due to the complete energy balance that the design methodology offers. Day 1 shows that the overall PV array power was 208% higher than the daytime load power and 61.2% higher than the overall daily load power. While Day-2 shows the overall PV array power to be 130% higher than the daytime load power and 56.3% higher than the overall daily load power, The energy balance between PV array, battery, and load size was completely and sufficiently achieved on both days, as the highest depth of discharge recorded during the test was 48.7%. The study reveals that through a complete energy balance between PV, battery, and load size, a standalone PV system can reliably sustain daily energy demand. It aims to design a stand-alone PV system capable of reliably sustaining daily energy demand without the need for long days of autonomy, so as to help prevent failures in solar PV projects that come as a result of inappropriate sizing, planning, and a lack of technical know-how.
Minimal residual methods in negative or fractional Sobolev norms
Authors: Monsuur Harald , Stevenson Rob , Storn Johannes
Published: September 2023

For numerical approximation the reformulation of a PDE as a residual minimisation problem has the advantages that the resulting linear system is symmetric positive definite, and that the norm of the residual provides an a posteriori error estimator. Furthermore, it allows for the treatment of general inhomogeneous boundary conditions. In many minimal residual formulations, however, one or more terms of the residual are measured in negative or fractional Sobolev norms. In this work, we provide a general approach to replace those norms by efficiently evaluable expressions without sacrificing quasi-optimality of the resulting numerical solution. We exemplify our approach by verifying the necessary inf-sup conditions for four formulations of a model second order elliptic equation with inhomogeneous Dirichlet and/or Neumann boundary conditions. We report on numerical experiments for the Poisson problem with mixed inhomogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in an ultra-weak first order system formulation.
Some smooth circle and cyclic group actions on exotic spheres
Authors: Quigley J.
Published: September 2023

Classical work of Lee, Schultz, and Stolz relates the smooth transformation groups of exotic spheres to the stable homotopy groups of spheres. In this note, we apply recent progress on the latter to deduce the existence of smooth circle and cyclic group actions on certain exotic spheres.
Some dynamical properties related to polynomials
Authors: Wu Qinqi
Published: September 2023

Let

d
∈

N

d\in \mathbb {N}

and

p
i

p_i

be an integral polynomial with

p
i

(
0
)
=
0
,
1
≤
i
≤
d

p_i(0)=0,1\leq i\leq d

. It is shown that if

S
S

is thickly syndetic in

Z

\mathbb {Z}

, then
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-brace left-parenthesis m comma n right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper Z squared colon m plus p 1 left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis comma m plus p 2 left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis comma ellipsis comma m plus p Subscript d Baseline left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis element-of upper S right-brace">

{
(
m
,
n
)
∈

Z

2

:
m
+

p
1

(
n
)
,
m
+

p
2

(
n
)
,
…
,
m
+

p
d

(
n
)
∈
S
}

\{(m,n)\in \mathbb {Z}^2:m+p_1(n),m+p_2(n),\ldots ,m+p_d(n)\in S\}

is thickly syndetic in

Z

2

\mathbb {Z}^2

.

Meanwhile, we construct a transitive, strong mixing and non-minimal topological dynamical system

(
X
,
T
)

(X,T)

, such that the set
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-brace x element-of upper X colon for-all open upper U contains-as-member x comma there-exists n element-of double-struck upper Z s period t period upper T Superscript n Baseline x element-of upper U comma upper T Superscript 2 n Baseline x element-of upper U right-brace">

{
x
∈
X
:
∀
 
open
 
U
∋
x
,
∃
 
n
∈

Z

 
s.t.
 

T

n

x
∈
U
,

T

2
n

x
∈
U
}

\{x\in X:\forall \ \text {open}\ U\ni x,\exists \ n\in \mathbb {Z}\ \text {s.t.}\ T^{n}x\in U,T^{2n}x\in U\}

is not dense in

X
X

.
𝐶*-algebras associated to homeomorphisms twisted by vector bundles over finite dimensional spaces
Authors: Adamo Maria , Archey Dawn , Forough Marzieh , Georgescu Magdalena , Jeong Ja , Strung Karen , Viola Maria
Published: September 2023

In this paper we study Cuntz–Pimsner algebras associated to 𝐶*-correspondences

over commutative

C

∗

\mathrm {C}^*

-algebras from the point of view of the

C

∗

\mathrm {C}^*

-algebra classification programme. We show that when the correspondence comes from an aperiodic homeomorphism of a finite dimensional infinite compact metric space

X
X

twisted by a vector bundle, the resulting Cuntz–Pimsner algebras have finite nuclear dimension. When the homeomorphism is minimal, this entails classification of these

C

∗

\mathrm {C}^*

-algebras by the Elliott invariant. This establishes a dichotomy: when the vector bundle has rank one, the Cuntz–Pimsner algebra has stable rank one. Otherwise, it is purely infinite.

For a Cuntz–Pimsner algebra of a minimal homeomorphism of an infinite compact metric space

X
X

twisted by a line bundle over

X
X

, we introduce orbit-breaking subalgebras. With no assumptions on the dimension of

X
X

, we show that they are centrally large subalgebras and hence simple and stably finite. When the dimension of

X
X

is finite, they are furthermore

Z

\mathcal {Z}

-stable and hence classified by the Elliott invariant.
Self-improving properties of very weak solutions to double phase systems
Authors: Baasandorj Sumiya , Byun Sun-Sig , Kim Wontae
Published: September 2023

We prove the self-improving property of very weak solutions to non-uniformly elliptic problems of double phase type in divergence form under sharp assumptions on the nonlinearity.
Stable blowup for focusing semilinear wave equations in all dimensions
Authors: Ostermann Matthias
Published: September 2023

We consider the wave equation with focusing power nonlinearity. The associated ODE in time gives rise to a self-similar solution known as the ODE blowup. We prove the nonlinear asymptotic stability of this blowup mechanism outside of radial symmetry in all space dimensions and for all superlinear powers. This result covers for the first time the whole energy-supercritical range without symmetry restrictions.
Fungal transglutaminase domain–containing proteins are involved in hyphal protection at the septal pore against wounding
Authors: Mamun Md. Abdulla Al , Maruyama Jun-ichi
Published: September 2023

Transglutaminase (TG) is a ubiquitous enzyme that crosslinks substrates. In humans, TG participates in blood clotting and wound healing. However, the functions related to the cellular protection of microbial TG are unknown. In filamentous fungi, we previously identified SppB, which contains the transglutaminase core (TGc) domain and functions in hyphal protection at the septal pore upon wounding. Here, we further analyzed the cytokinesis-related protein Cyk3 and peptide N-glycanase Png1, as both contain the TGc domain. All three proteins exhibited functional importance in wound-related hyphal protection at the septal pore. Upon wounding, SppB and AoPng1 accumulated at the septal pore, whereas AoCyk3 and AoPng1 normally localized around the septal pore. The putative Cys-His-Asp catalytic triad of SppB is conserved with the human TGc domain–containing kyphoscoliosis peptidase. Catalytic triad disruptive mutants of SppB and AoCyk3 exhibited septal pore plugging defects. Similar to other TGs, SppB underwent wound-induced truncation of the N-terminal region. Notably, TG activity was detected in vivo at the septal pore of wounded hyphae using a fluorescent-labeled substrate; however, the activity was inhibited by the TG inhibitor cystamine. Our study suggests a conserved role for TGc domain–containing proteins in wound-related protection in fungi, similar to that in humans.
Physiotherapists’ perspectives of barriers and facilitators to effective community provision after hip fracture: a qualitative study in England
Authors: Adams Jodie , Jones Gareth D , Sadler Euan , Guerra Stefanny , Sobolev Boris , Sackley Catherine , Sheehan Katie J
Published: September 2023

Purpose

to investigate physiotherapists’ perspectives of effective community provision following hip fracture.

Methods

qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 community physiotherapists across England. Thematic analysis drawing on the Theoretical Domains Framework identified barriers and facilitators to implementation of effective provision. Interviews were complemented by process mapping community provision in one London borough, to identify points of care where suggested interventions are in place and/or could be implemented.

Results

four themes were identified: ineffective coordination of care systems, ineffective patient stratification, insufficient staff recruitment and retention approaches and inhibitory fear avoidance behaviours. To enhance care coordination, participants suggested improving access to social services and occupational therapists, maximising multidisciplinary communication through online notation, extended physiotherapy roles, orthopaedic-specific roles and seven-day working. Participants advised the importance of stratifying patients on receipt of referrals, at assessment and into appropriately matched interventions. To mitigate insufficient staff recruitment and retention, participants proposed return-to-practice streams, apprenticeship schemes, university engagement, combined acute-community rotations and improving job description advertisements. To reduce effects of fear avoidance behaviour on rehabilitation, participants proposed the use of patient-specific goals, patient and carer education, staff education in psychological strategies or community psychologist access. Process mapping of one London borough identified points of care where suggested interventions to overcome barriers were in place and/or could be implemented.

Conclusion

physiotherapists propose that effective provision of community physiotherapy following hip fracture could be improved by refining care coordination, utilising stratification techniques, employing enhanced recruitment and retainment strategies and addressing fear avoidance behaviours.
Complication Profiles of Smooth vs Textured Tissue Expanders in Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fijany Arman J , Chaker Sara C , Hung Ya-Ching , Zago Ilana , Friedlich Nicole , Olsson Sofia E , Holan Cole A , Montorfano Lisandro , Mubang Ronnie N , Givechian Kevin B , Boctor Michael J , Pekarev Maxim , Martinez-Jorge Jorys , Slater Elizabeth D
Published: September 2023

Background

Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma first linked with breast implants in 2011. The correlation between BIA-ALCL and textured devices has led to increased use of smooth devices. However, much of the data surrounding smooth and textured devices investigates breast implants specifically and not tissue expanders.

Objectives

We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to compare surgical outcomes for smooth tissue expanders (STEs) and textured tissue expanders (TTEs).

Methods

A search was performed on PubMed, including articles from 2016 to 2023 (n = 419). Studies comparing TTEs and STEs and reported complications were included. A random-effects model was utilized for meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 5 articles met inclusion criteria, representing 1709 patients in the STE cohort and 1716 patients in the TTE cohort. The mean duration of tissue expansion with STEs was 221.25 days, while TTEs had a mean time of tissue expansion of 220.43 days.

Our meta-analysis found no differences in all surgical outcomes except for explantation risk. STE use was associated with increased odds of explantation by over 50% compared to TTE use (odds ratio = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.02; P = .003).

Conclusions

Overall, STEs and TTEs had similar complication profiles. However, STEs had 1.5 times higher odds of explantation. The incidence of BIA-ALCL is low, and only a single case of BIA-ALCL has been reported with TTEs. This indicates that TTEs are safe and may lower the risk of early complications requiring explantation. Further studies are warranted to further define the relationship between tissue expanders and BIA-ALCL.

Level of Evidence: 4
Comparative phylogeography informs community structure and assembly during and after Pleistocene Lake Bonneville
Authors: Williams Trevor J , Shiozawa Dennis K , Johnson Jerald B
Published: September 2023

Dispersal is one of the major processes controlling both genetic diversity and species diversity and is frequently studied in both phylogeography and community ecology. As such, integrating these fields to uncover how both historical and contemporary dispersal have affected local community structure can provide greater insights into community assembly. We used comparative phylogeography to determine if freshwater fish species in the Bonneville Basin show evidence of geologically recent dispersal and gene flow, which would probably have occurred when the basin was inundated by Lake Bonneville in the late Pleistocene. We then used museum records to uncover patterns of contemporary community structure and relate them to the results of the phylogeographical analyses. We found evidence for late Pleistocene dispersal throughout the Bonneville Basin in most of the fish species studied, which would have homogenized ancient communities. However, modern communities show evidence of non-random community structure and dispersal limitation between major sub-basins and habitats. Together, these results suggest that the Bonneville Basin fish fauna assembled due to a combination of historical dispersal and contemporary habitat filtering and extinction dynamics following isolation. Further work should continue to combine different data types to achieve more accurate inferences regarding contemporary community assembly.
Selective machine learning of doubly robust functionals
Authors: Cui Y , Tchetgen Tchetgen E J
Published: September 2023

While model selection is a well-studied topic in parametric and nonparametric regression or density estimation, selection of possibly high-dimensional nuisance parameters in semiparametric problems is far less developed. In this paper, we propose a selective machine learning framework for making inferences about a finite-dimensional functional defined on a semiparametric model, when the latter admits a doubly robust estimating function and several candidate machine learning algorithms are available for estimating the nuisance parameters. We introduce a new selection criterion aimed at bias reduction in estimating the functional of interest based on a novel definition of pseudo risk inspired by the double robustness property. Intuitively, the proposed criterion selects a pair of learners with the smallest pseudo risk, so that the estimated functional is least sensitive to perturbations of a nuisance parameter. We establish an oracle property for a multi-fold cross-validation version of the new selection criterion that states that our empirical criterion performs nearly as well as an oracle with a priori knowledge of the pseudo risk for each pair of candidate learners. Finally, we apply the approach to model selection of a semiparametric estimator of average treatment effect given an ensemble of candidate machine learners to account for confounding in an observational study that we illustrate in simulations and a data application.
A-033 Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Bioanalytical Method for Prostaglandin D2 in Serum or Urine
Authors: Morr M , Holmquist B
Published: September 2023

Background

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a major prostaglandin produced by the brain and by mast cells, and plays a role in vasodilation (“niacin flush”) and in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma and alopecia. We sought to develop a bioanalytical method for multiple specimen types for PGD2 for clinical use.

Methods

An analytical method was developed using a TX-4 HPLC system (Thermo-Fisher) with Agilent® 1200 pumps (Agilent Technologies, Inc.) and a Sciex® 5500 (Danaher) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Calibration curve based on purified PGD2 (Cayman) was prepared in depleted serum (Golden West Biologicals). Sample preparation consisted of an initial isotope dilution using a deuterated heavy isotope internal standard (PGD2-2H4) followed by solid phase extraction, evaporation and reconstitution using a second heavy isotope (PGD2-2H9). Double-isotope dilution allows discrimination between extraction loss and ion suppression as causes of decreased ion current. A reversed phase C18 analytical column was used with an acidified water/acetonitrile/methanol solvent gradient to achieve chromatographic separation of physiological PGD2 from related isobaric metabolites include Prostaglandin E2. Negative mode electrospray ionization (ESI) was used for detection in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode.

Results

Analytical range was 1–1000 pg/mL (up to 5000 pg/mL with dilution). Inter-assay precision ranged from 8.8% to 10.2% and inter-assay accuracy ranged from 95.7% to 103.3%. Reference intervals for adults was developed using residual serum and urine specimens. No interference was observed in the presence of hemolysis, icteric or lipemia. No difference in result was observed when using collection tubes containing EDTA, Heparin or gel barriers.

Conclusion

A bioanalytical method for PGD2 has been fully validated for clinical use.
A-071 Comparison of eGFR Calculated by the MDRD, the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine and the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C Equations in Taiwanese
Authors: Lai C , Lee H , Ho H
Published: September 2023

Background

The new race-free 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Creatinine and the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C equations are endorsed by the National Kidney Foundation. This study aimed to evaluate the difference between the different equations in the results of eGFR <60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in different genders and ages in Taiwan.

Methods

We retrospectively collected 1403 laboratory data from adults with both serum creatinine and cystatin C tested results from January 2022 to October 2022, including 870 males and 533 females. We calculated the eGFR by MDRD, 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine, and 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C equations and divided the results into two groups according to eGFRMDRD <60 or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and then analyzed the bias and concordance between different equations according to age (18–29, 30–49, 50–69, ≥70) and gender, and used pair T-test or Wilcoxon sign rank test, P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

(1) Compared with the eGFRMDRD, the results of eGFR2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine and eGFR2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C showed a positive bias of 2.2 (P < 0.001) and 1.8 (P < 0.001) mL/min/1.73 m2 in the eGFRMDRD < 60 group, 5.4 (P < 0.001) and 2.4 (P = 0.010) mL/min/1.73 m2 in the eGFRMDRD ≥60 group. (2) In addition, in the eGFRMDRD <60 group, there were 7.0% (42/601) male and 8.1% (28/345) female would be reclassified to the ≥60 group by the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine, and including 8.8% (53/601) male and 4.9% (17/345) female would be reclassified to the ≥60 group by the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C. (3) In eGFRMDRD ≥60 group, there was no patient would be reclassified to the <60 groups by the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine, and including 3.0% (8/269) male and 3.2% (6/188) female would be reclassified to the <60 group by the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C.

Conclusion

Compared with MDRD, most of the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine and 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C equations showed positive bias. It also reflected that about 5% of patients whose eGFRMDRD <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 would be reclassified to the ≥60 group by the 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine and 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine-cystatin C. Clinical laboratories should fully understand the differences between different equations to ensure the quality of clinical testing.
A-268 Evaluation of a Real-Time Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis in Urine Specimens
Authors: Branson L , Southard D , Jaime A , Katrangi W , Alturkmani R
Published: September 2023

Background

Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) are among the most prevalent and treatable sexually transmitted diseases in the US. Currently, most available testing methods require patient samples to be split between CT/NG and TV assays. Here, we evaluate performance characteristics of the Seegene Novaplex STI Essential Assay, a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for concurrent amplification and detection of multiple pathogens including CT, NG, and TV.

Methods

To prepare urine samples for extraction, 1 mL of each sample was centrifuged at 13 000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was rehydrated in 190 µL of saline. Nucleic acid extraction was performed on a CyBio® FeliX liquid handler (Analytik Jena, Germany) using MagMAX™ Viral/Pathogen Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA). PCR amplification and detection were performed using Seegene Novaplex STI assay (Seegene Inc, South Korea) on a CFX96™ System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, CA). The assay utilizes Seegene MuDT™ technology that allows detection of multiple targets in a single channel without melting curve analysis. For method validation, precision studies were performed within-run and over 5 days. Limits of detection were verified by spiking known negative urine samples with CT/NG standards from Exact Diagnostics (Bio-Rad Laboratories, CA) and TV standards from ZeptoMetrix® (Antylia Scientific, IL). Method comparison was carried out by extracting and analyzing split patient urine samples against cobas® CT/NG assay (Roche Diagnostics, IL) and Solana® Trichomonas assay (Quidel, CA) performed by a reference laboratory. Additional accuracy studies were performed by spiking 20 negative patient samples with variable concentrations of the three pathogens.

Results

Within-run and between-day precision studies demonstrated consistent and reproducible results for all pathogens. Limit of detection was established at 10 copies/mL for CT and NG and 10 cells/mL for TV. Results of the spike-and-recovery studies were consistent with expected results for all three targets across evaluated concentrations. Patient correlation studies demonstrated 100% agreement with results obtained by the reference laboratory for both NG (32 total samples, 11 positive) and TV (22 total samples, 4 positive), and 96% agreement for CT (29 total samples, 10 positive).

Conclusion

The Seegene Novaplex STI Essential Assay offers a rapid and reliable method for detecting CT, NG, and TV in urine samples. The capability of the assay to detect multiple targets in a single sample well improves efficiency and turnaround time.