bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
After supersynchronisation: How media synchronise the social
Authors: Jordheim Helge , Ytreberg Espen
Published: April 2021

The multiple nature of time has by now been well established across a wide range of scholarly traditions in the humanities and social sciences. The article takes that insight as a starting point, in order to discuss the tools, work, sites and contestations involved in common temporal frameworks and structures that cross and join together time’s multiplicities. We thus articulate and discuss key components of synchronisation, a concept with significant potential for understanding common temporalities and social orders. Our emphasis is particularly on media, their technological and representational affordances for synchronisation. The article’s approach to social and mediated times presents an alternative to Hartmut Rosa and François Hartog’s influential theories about the temporal configuration of the present historical moment. Their understanding of the present tends more towards unity and uniformity, particularly by means of chronology. We follow Luhmann in arguing that ‘there is no supersynchronization’ producing such privileged, unitary temporal orders. We propose pursuing an understanding of both present and past through investigations of synchronisation itself, which always exists in plural, always involves different synchronisations in competition with each other, is subject to social and historical contingencies. The article combines theoretical and conceptual arguments with historical and contemporary cases. We investigate the synchronisation of national collectives by means of broadcast media, of individuals in everyday life by means of social media, and the recalibration of various contemporary media to a global scale in order to tackle the issue of climate change. These cases move from past and relatively comprehensive forms of synchronisation, via more localised forms today, to highly uncertain and heterogeneous ones in the future.
On the need for (con) temporary utopias: Temporal reflections on the climate rhetoric of environmental youth movements
Authors: Friberg Anna
Published: April 2021

This article examines how the discourse of the new generation of environmental youth movements highlights time and temporality in order to explain the possibilities of change that the movements offer. This is done by analyzing three influential and transnational youth climate movements—Earth Uprising, Extinction Rebellion, and Fridays For Future—in relation to three influential diagnoses of the current political condition: postpolitics, populism, and postapocalypse. The article argues that the movements should be understood as mobilizing through negative utopian energies. Using theoretical inspiration from Ernst Bloch, the article states that the discourse should be read as containing acts of hope and utopian impulses that reach forward toward a new beginning of a future possible. The article shows how the movements challenge the diagnoses of populism and postpolitics by their constant critique of capitalism, by reinstalling the people as heterogenous political subjects, and by representing a new temporality. Moreover, the article shows how the mainstream climate discourse contains two temporal narratives that run parallel to each other: one that can be thought of as a vernacular eschatology and one that is seemingly postapocalyptic. However, the article argues that both narratives provide visions of a better future to come, and by using the notion of anticipation, the article states that even the postapocalyptic narrative can be mobilizing. Thus, the environmental youth movements offer a new kind of discourse, one that is non-postpolitical, nonpopulist, and non-postapocalyptic.
Prediction Biases: An Integrative Review
Authors: Yang Yang , Hsee Christopher K. , Li Xilin
Published: April 2021

Research in psychology and related fields has documented a myriad of prediction biases, such as the underprediction of hedonic adaptation and the overprediction of other people’s concern for fairness. These prediction biases are ostensibly independent, each with its own cause. We argue, however, that many of these seemingly disparate biases are specific instances of a general bias—situation insensitivity: People are insensitive to variations in the situational variable that underlies the target variable (the variable to be predicted). Consequently, when encountering a condition in which the situational variable is at one of its ends such that the value of the target variable is low, people overpredict the value; conversely, when encountering a condition in which the situational variable is at its other end such that the value of the target variable is high, people underpredict it. Most prior research documenting prediction biases has focused on only one end of the situational variable and therefore has shown either only an overprediction bias or only an underprediction bias. We argue that at the other end of the situational variable, the originally documented bias can disappear or even reverse. Our framework not only explains known biases but also predicts new biases.
The effect of Covid-19 on ethical sensitivity
Authors: Mert Selda , Sayilan Aylin Aydin , Karatoprak Ayfer Peker , Baydemir Canan
Published: April 2021

Background:

In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, healthcare workers increasingly encounter serious ethical issues that negatively affect their professionalism.

Purpose:

The study aims to examine the ethical sensitivity levels of physicians and nurses working in surgical units during the Covid-19 pandemic and the associating factors.

Method:

The sample of this cross-sectional online questionnaire–based study consists of 161 healthcare workers working at the surgical units in Turkish hospitals. The data were collected using the “Nurse Descriptive Information Form” developed by the researchers and the “Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire.”

Ethical considerations:

Approval was granted by the ethics committee. Verbal and written consent was received from the healthcare workers.

Results:

Ethical sensitivity in the dimension of conflict was found to be higher in healthcare workers who had ethical issues during the Covid-19 pandemic, who were married, who were nurses, who worked more than 45 h, and who had a work experience of 7–10 years (p < 0.05). Healthcare workers with a family member diagnosed with Covid-19 had high ethical sensitivity in the dimension of conflict (p = 0.008), while those who reported being fully competent and ready (p = 0.038) about Covid-19 were found to have low ethical sensitivity. Besides, those who experienced inadequate supplies (p = 0.045), long working hours (p = 0.038), and problems in asepsis–sterilization (p = 0.046) during the Covid-19 pandemic were found to have low sensitivity in the holistic approach dimension.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that ethical issues during the Covid-19 pandemic, sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge-skills about Covid-19, and the problems encountered in the work environment during the pandemic affect the ethical sensitivity of healthcare workers in the dimensions of conflict and holistic approach. Therefore, it is recommended that governments and all healthcare workers, and stakeholders in the health system in our country and other countries take action to promote ethical sensitivity in response to the rapidly increasing epidemic by considering the factors that adversely affect ethical sensitivity.
The Meaning of Coffee for Barista in Speciality Coffee Shop in Indonesia
Authors: Adhi Redovan Witarta , Yunus Ulani
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the meaning of coffee for Barista in specialty coffee shop. The concept used in this study is the concept of self-image or an individual image. The concept of self-image also explains the feelings and thoughts of individuals. The research method used is qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Whereas data collection is done by conducting observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of this study show that the meaning of coffee for Barista in specialty coffee shop is the deeper their understanding of knowledge about coffee, the stronger the meaning conveyed to their customers and also to increase the sense of self respect as Barista. Besides that, the interaction built between the Barista and the customers can also strengthen the characteristic of the coffee shops, which is to be the specialty coffee shop in the third wave era.
Water and Sanitation: Achievement of Large Indian States
Authors: Agarwal Manmohan , Saha Rimon
Published: April 2021

In this paper we make a comparative analysis of water and sanitation facilities across Indian states. We also analyse the trend and pattern of state expenditure in the water and sanitation sector and relate the expenditure with the nature of the existing facilities. Furthermore, we assess whether the state governments are adequately financing the sector in accordance to their GDP. Using data from the state statistical reports during 2001–2012, we find that the sanitation facilities are alarmingly low, particularly in the states Assam, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. There are high interstate disparities in drainage facilities and latrine usage, with no sign of convergence during the study period. However, in terms of the provision of sanitation facilities, Haryana has showed significant progress over the years, whereas the progress in Assam, Rajasthan and Maharashtra does not seem promising. Along with the poor facilities, state spending for the provision of such facilities is also limited. We find that the correlation between expenditure and the facilities is also not direct and strong. Lastly, we notice the extent of expenditure in accordance with their gross state domestic product is astonishingly low for most of the states except Haryana.
India–Vietnam Defence and Security Cooperation
Authors: Solanki Viraj
Published: April 2021

Defence and security cooperation between India and Vietnam is an increasingly important area of the India–Vietnam ‘comprehensive strategic partnership’. This wide-ranging cooperation includes government-to-government dialogues, bilateral agreements, defence lines of credit, prospective defence procurements, maritime cooperation and multilateral cooperation.

Cooperation has been formalised and expanded through a series of bilateral defence and security agreements to provide a basis for enhancing relations, which have been further developed through regular government-to-government dialogues. The defence and security dialogues and agreements have provided a framework for practical cooperation between the two countries’ militaries, which includes a focus on defence training, military exercises and discussions for the sale of different Indian arms equipment to Vietnam. Maritime cooperation between India and Vietnam has been the most significant element of bilateral defence and security cooperation, and both sides have found mutual convergences on cooperation in the South China Sea and the wider Indo-Pacific region.

Relations between the two countries have also strengthened multilaterally on defence and security issues, including through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. There are opportunities to further strengthen the India–Vietnam defence and security relationship, both bilaterally and with third countries.
Vietnam and the United States: A Strategic Partnership in the Future?
Authors: Khanh Van Nguyen , Trung Nguyen Xuan
Published: April 2021

After 25 years of normalisation, the Vietnam–US relation has developed and yet entered the new expectation to become the strategic partnership. Many motives and obstacles from both sides have had a strong impact on this development. In order to strengthen its presence in Asia and prevent the rise of China, the United States needs the support from the important partners like Vietnam. Likewise, Vietnam also pays high attention to the United States, which is a potential market for the country’s exports, an investor, an advanced technology supplier and an important security supporter in the territorial disputes against China. Such reasons help both sides to be closer and to construct the scenario of new strategic partnership relations. However, the concretisation of this scenario has encountered many difficulties, mostly because Vietnam was not ready enough. Vietnam has not yet been persuaded to trust the United States on many issues; meanwhile, the differences among Vietnamese political groups about promoting the relations with the United States and especially the concern about China’s response to upgrading Vietnam–US relations were the main obstacles for Vietnam to pursue the strategic partnership relations, especially in security and defence cooperation with the United States.
Grief in Medical Students: The Short and Long-Term Impacts on Health and Well-Being
Authors: Price Meghan J. , Wachsmuth Lucas P. , Ferguson Kortni A. , Robbins-Welty Gregg A. , Riordan Paul A. , Pieper Carl F. , Galanos Anthony
Published: April 2021

Context:

Healthcare workers often experience grief stemming from the loss of patients under their care. The impact of personal grief on healthcare workers’ wellbeing is less well described, particularly for trainees. To better characterize the prevalence and impact of personal grief on the mental and physical health of medical students, we conducted a survey of medical students at our institution.

Methods:

An electronic Qualtrics survey was distributed to all currently enrolled medical students at our institution. After an initial question screening for loss before or during medical school, our survey assessed (1) basic demographic data; (2) relationship to the deceased; (3) impact of the loss on trainee health; and (4) utilization of institutional supports for grief.

Results:

A total of 344 (68.8%) students responded to our survey. Two hundred and 25 (65.4%) students had experienced personal loss prior to or during medical school. 53.7% experienced more than 1 loss, with most of these losses (62.5%) occurring more than 2 years prior to the survey date. Up to 40% of respondents reported at least 1 psychologically distressing symptom that persisted beyond 1 year. Most students (93.8%) relied on family members for support; however, 23.2% of students indicated they would use institutional resources if available.

Conclusion:

Most medical students have experienced bereavement before or during medical school, which has had significant impact on their well-being. While medical students did not typically utilize institutionally based resources, many students expressed interest in such resources.
Dental Arch Relationship Outcomes Following 2-Stage Palatoplasty for Japanese Patients With Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A 3-Center Study
Authors: Kato Junya , Mikoya Tadashi , Ito Yumi , Sato Yoshiaki , Uematsu Setsuko , Kodama Yasumitsu , Susami Takafumi , Yamanishi Tadashi , Takagi Ritsuo
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To compare dental arch relationship outcomes following 3 different 2-stage palatal repair protocols.

Design:

Retrospective, cross sectional.

Setting:

Three cleft palate centers (A, B, C) in Japan.

Patients:

Ninety (A: 39, B: 26, C: 25) consecutively treated Japanese patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Interventions:

In A, the soft palate and the posterior half of the hard palate were repaired at a mean age of 1 year 7 months. In B, the soft palate and hard palate were closed separately at a mean age of 1 year 6 months and 5 years 8 months, respectively. In C, the soft palate and hard palate were closed at a mean age of 1 year and 1 year 5 months, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures:

Dental arch relationships were assessed using the 5-Year-Olds’ (5-Y) index by 5 raters and the Huddart/Bodenham (HB) index by 2 raters.

Results:

Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities showed substantial or almost perfect agreement for the 5-Y and HB ratings. No significant differences in mean values and distributions of 5-Y scores were found among the 3 centers. The mean HB index scores of molars on the minor segment were significantly smaller in C than those in A and B ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

There were no significant differences in dental arch relationships at 5 years among the times and techniques of hard palate closure. However, further analysis of the possible influence of infant cleft size as a covariable on a larger sample size is needed.
Brewing a Craft Impression: A Multilevel Study About the Orchestration of Organizational Impression Management Through Authenticity
Authors: Lamertz Kai
Published: April 2021

Organizations face the tricky challenge of portraying a coherent appearance of identity to make an authentic impression on their audiences. This study argues that authenticity is a cross-level mechanism through which organizations and their individual members orchestrate a coherent impression. A qualitative investigation revealed how five Canadian craft breweries claimed authenticity in their formal images by referencing a collective organizational identity in the environment. These claims were authenticated by external audiences and by individual organizational members. Two distinctly organizational forms of authentication expressed by individuals were (1) consensus about facets of organizational identity that mirrored the institutional authenticity claim as a party line and (2) role claims about leaders and employees, each comprising behavior scripts that corroborated the organization’s authenticity claim. The two forms of authentication also supported authentic leadership in the organization and contributed to an orchestrated appearance by linking institutional and individual impression management.
Fibrin-Associated, EBV-Negative Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising in Atrial Myxoma: Expanding the Spectrum of the Entity
Authors: Baugh Laura , Brown Noah , Song Joo Y. , Pandya Shreyash , Montoya Vernon , Perry Anamarija M.
Published: April 2021

Fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (FA-DLBCL) is a provisional entity in the 2017 Revision of the World Health Organization Classification. This indolent entity, which is frequently discovered incidentally, is currently classified under the category of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation (DLBCL-CI), an aggressive lymphoma with poor survival. Several authors have proposed that it be classified separately since, in contrast to DLBCL-CI, transformation to aggressive lymphoma has rarely been reported and this entity has distinct clinical and histological features. We describe a rare case of a 62-year-old male with FA-DLBCL associated with atrial myxoma, which was incidentally discovered. In contrast to typically described immunophenotypic features of this entity, that is, activated B-cell phenotype (ABC) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity, our case showed germinal center B-cell (GCB) phenotype and was EBV negative. Clinical staging revealed no evidence of lymphoma elsewhere in the body, and the patient did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical excision and remains in remission. This case illustrates that occasionally FA-DLBCL can show GCB phenotype, as opposed to the typical ABC phenotype. Moreover, we propose that the definition of the entity be expanded to include EBV-negative cases.
DOCK8 Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker and Is Related to Immune Infiltration in Patients With HPV Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zeying , Bao Yandong , Zhou Lu , Ye Yanling , Fu Weineng , Sun Changfu
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) was reported to have a vital link to immunoregulation. However, the mechanisms by which it drives immune infiltration in cancer remain uncertain. We tried to assess the role of DOCK8 in patients with cancer, especially human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods:

Data on the expression and survival of DOCK8 in patients with various cancers were analyzed using the Oncomine and TIMER databases. The TIMER database assessed the relationship of DOCK8 with immune infiltration levels and various markers of multiple immune cells. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed tumor-associated biological processes related to DOCK8. ENCODE database was used to explore relevant transcription factors of DOCK8, and a PPI network was constructed using GENEMINIA. The expression and survival role of DOCK8 was confirmed in patients from independent GEO datasets.

Results:

We determined that DOCK8 expression was upregulated or downregulated in various cancers unlike in healthy tissues. A high expression of DOCK8 was significantly correlated with a favorable prognosis in HPV-positive HNSCC and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that DOCK8 was an independent prognostic factor of HPV-positive HNSCC. Additionally, elevated DOCK8 expression was positively correlated with multiple immune cell infiltration levels and immune marker expression associated with particular immune cell subsets. Also, 14 pathways involved in immune activities and carcinogenesis, 22 potential TFs, and co-expression proteins of DOCK8 indicated DOCK8 to be related to tumor-associated biological processes. Ultimately, we verified that DOCK8 is upregulated and confers a favorable overall survival and progression-free survival status in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC.

Conclusion:

These results elucidate that high expression of DOCK8 indicates a favorable prognosis in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC as well as increased microenvironmental immune infiltration levels. It would provide new insights into the prognosis predicting and clinical regimen decision making in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC.
Operational modal parameter identification with correlated colored noise excitation
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Chen Huaihai , He Xudong
Published: April 2021

Operational modal analysis refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of operational modal analysis is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used. The classical operational modal analysis algorithm is based on the white noise excitation assumption, and it is considered that there is no correlation between the excitations; several identification methods have been developed in time and frequency domains. But excitations are not completely independent with each other and not pure white. In this article, the matrix theory is used to prove that the operational modal analysis algorithm can still be used to identify modal parameters when the excitation is correlated. In the simulation, five kinds of colored noise excitations are applied to the cantilever beam with correlated excitations, which shows that the idea proposed in this article is rational. In the experiment, the foundation excitation of colored noise is added to the cantilever beam, which can be regarded as applying several related excitations. It also shows the rationality of this idea.
Sibling Separation and Placement Instability for Children in Foster Care
Authors: Font Sarah A. , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: April 2021

U.S. foster care policy prioritizes keeping siblings together while in foster care. However, prior research on the effects of sibling placement is limited in sample, measures, and research design. In this study, we use data on 2,297 children from an urban county in years 2015–2019 and assess how sibling separation is associated with placement instability. We use multilevel parametric hazard modeling with adjustments for child, sibling, and placement characteristics. Findings indicate that children placed with at least one sibling are less likely to experience a placement move and are specifically less likely to experience a non-progress move (e.g., moves due to problems or negative experiences in their foster home). For larger sibling groups, sibling separation was not consistently associated with placement instability and there was little difference in placement instability for children placed with some versus all siblings. Results were robust to differences in measurement and model specification. Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity was also associated with increased risk of instability, and associations between sibling separation and instability were stronger for Black children, implying enhanced efforts to maintain sibling groups may be especially beneficial for Black children. Overall, findings provide support for the continuation and expansion of policies promoting sibling placement.
Blockchain and tourism: Paradoxes, misconceptions, and a research roadmap
Authors: Treiblmaier Horst
Published: April 2021

A brief discussion of several paradoxes and misunderstandings regarding blockchain and how tourism researchers can get started. By abstracting from technological specifications and focusing on the core characteristics of blockchain, researchers can create meaningful frameworks, models, and theories that enable incremental research and provide value for the industry.
Group singing improves both physical and psychological wellbeing in people with and without chronic health conditions: A narrative review
Authors: Campbell Quinn , Bodkin-Allen Sally , Swain Nicola
Published: April 2021

The aim of this narrative review was to establish a link between psychological and physical wellbeing in people with and without chronic health conditions who participated in group singing. Four databases were searched (PubMed, WoS, MEDLINE, and Scopus) using a systematic search method. Articles were screened, yielding 19 suitable articles. In most studies that were included group singing led to an increase in both psychological and physiological wellbeing. The major impacts were on affect and depression and anxiety.

Group singing positively affects both physical and psychological wellbeing in people with and without chronic health conditions. No direction of causality could be established.
On the acquisition of complex classifier constructions by L2 learners of a sign language
Authors: Boers-Visker Eveline
Published: April 2021

Sign language learners with a spoken language background face the challenge of acquiring a second language in a different modality. In the course of this endeavor, one of the modality-specific phenomena they encounter is the use of classifier predicates, also known as depicting signs. Classifier predicates contain a meaningful hand configuration that refers to an entity, denoting a salient characteristic of this entity (Zwitserlood, 2003). The use of a classifier predicate allows the signer to indicate the location, motion and orientation of a referent. If two classifier predicates are used simultaneously, the signer can represent the spatial arrangement of both referents (Schembri, Jones and Burnham, 2001). This visual representation is new for learners with a spoken language background. Since there is a paucity of literature on second language (L2) sign language acquisition, there is no empirical evidence on the developmental stages that L2 learners go through in acquiring the devices to produce such visual representations. In this study, we followed 14 novel learners of Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) over a period of two years. The learners were asked to produce sign language descriptions of prompts containing various objects (e.g. cars, bicycles, trucks, human beings and animals) that could be depicted by a classifier predicate. Analyses show that after a year of instruction, the majority of learners are capable of producing scene descriptions featuring two classifier predicates to denote the spatial layout of the objects. The first classifier predicates appear in the data at an early stage, suggesting that the strategy of denoting an object with a meaningful handshape representing the object is not difficult to learn. Furthermore, the data show that learners initially struggle with the orientation of objects and handshape selection. This study is the first to systematically elicit classifier predicates from novel learners for an extended period of time. The results have important implications for the field of sign language pedagogy and teaching.
How to improve healthcare for autistic people: A qualitative study of the views of autistic people and clinicians
Authors: Mason David , Ingham Barry , Birtles Heather , Michael Cos , Scarlett Clare , James Ian A , Brown Toni , Woodbury-Smith Marc , Wilson Colin , Finch Tracy , Parr Jeremy R
Published: April 2021

Autism spectrum condition is associated with co-occurring physical health conditions and premature mortality. Autistic people experience multiple barriers to accessing healthcare. This study investigated autistic people’s experiences of healthcare and professionals’ experiences of providing healthcare to autistic people. Focus groups with 11 autistic people and one supporter, and 15 one-to-one interviews with healthcare professionals were completed. Nine themes emerged from the autistic participants’ data and eight themes emerged from the health professionals’ data. Three themes were identified by both groups: healthcare contacts (for improving the patient–provider relationship), making reasonable adjustments to healthcare (e.g. providing alternative places to wait for an appointment) and autism diagnosis. Autistic participants discussed the role of cognitive factors in the success of healthcare visits (such as rehearsing an anticipated conversation with the clinician the night before an appointment) and clinicians described system-level constraints that may affect healthcare delivery (such as time limits on appointments). This study identified inexpensive changes that health professionals and managers can make to improve healthcare access for autistic people.

Lay abstract

Research has shown that on average, autistic people are more likely to die earlier than non-autistic people, and barriers can stop autistic people accessing healthcare. We carried out a study where we interviewed healthcare professionals (including doctors and nurses), and held discussion groups of autistic people. Our results highlighted several key points: seeing the same professional is important for autistic people and clinicians; both clinicians and autistic people think making adjustments to healthcare is important (and often possible); autistic people process information in a different way and so may need extra support in appointments; and that clinicians are often constrained by time pressures or targets.
Preventing internalising problems in preschoolers with chronic physical health conditions
Authors: Brown Amy , Noone Kate , Rapee Ronald M , Kangas Maria , Anderson Vicki , Bayer Jordana K
Published: April 2021

This pilot study aimed to explore the suitability of a preventative intervention for internalising problems in young children with chronic physical health conditions. The pilot study focused on a subsample of 27 children with chronic physical health conditions within a population-level randomised controlled trial of the Cool Little Kids parenting programme. The Cool Little Kids parenting programme aims to prevent the development of internalising problems in inhibited (shy/anxious) preschool children by educating parents to reduce young children’s avoidant coping styles and manage their anxiety/distress. The wider trial recruited 545 temperamentally inhibited preschool children. Measures included child health/development concerns and internalising symptoms at baseline, feedback on Cool Little Kids post-intervention and child internalising problems at one- and two-year longitudinal follow-up. At baseline, inhibited children with and without chronic physical health conditions had levels of internalising symptoms above the normative mean. At post-intervention, parents of children with chronic physical health conditions gave feedback that Cool Little Kids was helpful for managing their child’s emotional distress. At follow-up, significantly fewer intervention than control children with chronic physical health conditions had specific phobia after 1 year (25% vs 70%) and specific fear symptoms after 2 years (mean 9.57 vs 16.89). As the pilot findings are promising, a further trial of Cool Little Kids in a physical health treatment service with a larger sample of children with chronic physical illness diagnoses would be worthwhile.
Theoretical and contextual considerations for self-management strategies of children and adolescents with chronic diseases: An integrative review
Authors: Camp-Spivey Logan J , Logan Ayaba , Nichols Michelle
Published: April 2021

The primary aim of this integrative review was to critically evaluate and synthesize published, peer-reviewed research to better understand self-management strategies of children and adolescents with chronic diseases. This review was guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s methodological framework. The Pediatric Self-management Model provided the theoretical framework for understanding how self-management behaviors operate within the domains of individual, family, community, and healthcare systems. In June 2019, the electronic databases of EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Scopus, along with reference lists of applicable studies, were searched for appropriate publications. The initial searches yielded 920 citations. Of these, 11 studies met inclusion criteria. A key finding was that involving children and adolescents in the design and delivery phases of interventions was most effective in improving self-management when the interventions did not outweigh cognitive ability or maturity level. In addition, incorporating self-efficacy promotion into self-management interventions may lead to greater sense of responsibility and improved health outcomes. In terms of intervention delivery of self-management strategies, the use of technological platforms and devices was revealed as a promising avenue for youth. A final implication was the importance of family members, peers, and healthcare providers in supporting children and adolescents in adopting self-management behaviors.
Family asthma management in urban children and its association with sleep outcomes
Authors: Coutinho Maria T , Sears Clara G , Noga Rebecca , McQuaid Elizabeth L , Kopel Sheryl J , Powers Kate E , Koinis-Mitchell Daphne
Published: April 2021

Asthma symptoms impact children’s sleep quality. However, it is unclear how families’ daily management of their child’s asthma is associated with sleep quality. We examine associations between family asthma management components and sleep duration and quality for urban children (ages 7–9 years). Additionally, we examine these associations by racial/ethnic group. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal study that examined the co-occurrence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, sleep quality, and academic functioning for urban children diagnosed with persistent asthma ( N = 196). A semi-structured interview assessed family asthma management practices. Sleep quality data were collected via actigraphy. Our visual depiction of sleep outcomes show that those with higher family asthma management ratings present with longer sleep duration and better sleep quality. Among specific family asthma management components, we found a significant association between children’s adherence to asthma medications and number of nighttime awakenings. For non-Latino Black (NLB) children, we found a significant association between environmental control and sleep duration. For urban children with asthma, clinical strategies to enhance overall family asthma management have the potential to support improved sleep quality. Additionally, for NLB children, asthma management interventions that provide environmental control practices may increase sleep duration.
Accuracy of clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis of dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility in infants
Authors: Dias Vieira Larissa Gabrielle , da Silva Viviane Martins , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Gomes de Souza Nayana Maria , Gomes Guedes Nirla , Torres França Ana Cláudia , Sales da Silva Ana Caroline
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of the clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis of dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility in infants from neonatal units and identify their association with clinical variables. This is a study of the diagnostic accuracy of clinical indicators of the diagnosis of dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility, with a cross-sectional design, performed on 228 hospitalized infants in neonatal units. A high prevalence of dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility was identified in the studied population. Regarding accuracy measures, clinical indicators such as increased gastric residual, changes in bowel sounds, bile-colored gastric residual, regurgitation, absence of flatus, and hard and formed stool were useful to discriminate between infants with and without dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility. The findings can help nurses during the diagnostic process, as they identify which defining characteristics can be used to confirm or rule out the probability of occurrence of the diagnosis.
Evaluation of fatigue and related factors in survivors of pediatric cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Karst Jeffrey S , Hoag Jennifer A , Anderson Lynnette J , Schmidt Debra J , Schroedl Rose L , Bingen Kristin M
Published: April 2021

This study sought to better understand specific factors contributing to fatigue in survivors of pediatric cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). As part of a larger study evaluating long-term psychosocial functioning of pediatric cancer survivors, N = 87 participants completed measures assessing fatigue and emotional and behavioral functioning. Chart abstraction was used to catalog diagnosis, treatments received, treatment intensity, and late effects. Results suggest clinically significant fatigue in n = 4 (4.6%) of survivors participating in this study. Fatigue was greater for participants with more recent diagnoses and who were more recently off treatment and was positively associated with parent and self-report of internalizing (emotional) and externalizing (behavioral) symptoms. Participants with more severe late effects suffered greater fatigue; however, fatigue was not associated with treatment intensity or therapy type. Fatigue is an important variable to consider in evaluating the social, emotional, behavioral, and physical well-being of cancer and HSCT survivors. Interventions are needed to address fatigue directly, while also addressing both contributing factors to fatigue and potential negative outcomes that result from fatigue in survivorship.
Associations between child mental health, carer worry and help-seeking
Authors: Liverpool Shaun , Edbrooke-Childs Julian
Published: April 2021

Carers may not always express child mental health concerns to health professionals. Therefore, identifying factors delaying help-seeking is important. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between carer affect and help-seeking. In a secondary analysis of data collected from school-aged children ( N = 1,857, mean age = 9.85 years, 51% female), we used logistic regression to examine the associations between carer worry, help-seeking and child mental health. Regarding worry, higher levels of emotional problems (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.33–1.52), conduct problems (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.36), peer problems (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05–1.27) or functional impairment (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.2–.56) were associated with higher levels of carer worry. Regarding help-seeking, higher levels of functional impairment were associated with higher levels of help-seeking (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.09–2.11). After controlling for mental health problems, carers who reported being worried about their child’s mental health were less likely than other carers to seek help (OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.05–0.35). Knowledge of these factors may inform early interventions. Alongside implications for future research and practice, limitations of the study are discussed.
Producing the self: Digitisation, music-making and subjectivity
Authors: Chambers Paul
Published: April 2021

This article demonstrates how the availability of music platforms, the guidance of online tutorials and user-friendly affordances of software interfaces have democratised the making of electronic music. Software users traverse new forms of technology as part of their social and cultural selves, the confluence of musical affiliation and specific social media platforms supporting the production and exploration of identity. Case studies of women and non-binary identifying music-makers highlight digitisation’s role in enabling creative agency. Music emerging through these processes evidences a stylistic fluidity that indicates its means of construction, using the sampling, pitch, and time-stretching capabilities of the digital audio workstation. Digitisation provides the inspiration of a world of music and the means and knowledge of how to make it, allowing musical, personal and collective subjectivities to be explored.
GLAUDIA: A predicative system for glaucoma diagnosis in mass scanning
Authors: Omar Yasser , ElSheikh Mohamed Abd-ElSalam , Hodhod Rania
Published: April 2021

Glaucoma is a serious eye disease characterized by dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) which can eventually lead to loss of vision. Robust mass screening may help to extend the symptom-free life for the affected patients. The retinal optic nerve fiber layer can be assessed using optical coherence tomography, scanning laser polarimetry (SLP), and Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT) scanning methods which, unfortunately, are expensive methods and hence, a novel automated glaucoma diagnosis system is needed. This paper proposes a new model for mass screening that aims to decrease the false negative rate (FNR). The model is based on applying nine different machine learning techniques in a majority voting model. The top five techniques that provide the highest accuracy will be used to build a consensus ensemble to make the final decision. The results from applying both models on a dataset with 499 records show a decrease in the accuracy rate from 90% to 83% and a decrease in false negative rate (FNR) from 8% to 0% for majority voting and consensus model, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed model can reduce FNR dramatically while maintaining a reasonable overall accuracy which makes it suitable for mass screening.
The Galápagos as penal colony: Exile, peonage, and state control at the Hacienda El Progreso, 1878–1904
Authors: Astudillo Fernando J , Jamieson Ross W
Published: April 2021

Transportation to remote islands has been a way that authorities have dealt with criminals since well before the birth of the modern state. What happens to those exiles once on the islands has varied greatly in different times and places. This paper explores the Galápagos plantation run from 1878 to 1904 by Manuel J. Cobos. His operation demonstrates that the patriarchal concept of the hacienda continued to play a key role in the disciplining of perceived criminality in Latin America in the late 19th century, outside of the roles of the military, the police, and penal institutions. The Galápagos example shows the overlaps and tensions between capitalist plantations and state penal colonies in their treatment of transported convicts in the 19th century.
Disaggregating Development: A Critical Analysis of Sino-African Megaprojects
Authors: Reboredo Ricardo
Published: April 2021

The emergence of Sino-African megaprojects has become a major topic of discussion in recent years. Developments such as the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway, Merowe Dam and Nova Cidade de Kilamba are among the most visible linkages between China and Africa and have substantive effects on both bilateral relations and host-country economies. Although Sino-African megaprojects are heterogeneous in terms of framing, objectives and outcomes, certain threads (e.g., drivers, imperatives and policy mechanisms) bind them together within the constellation of overseas Chinese-backed projects. This research systematically examines the diversity of Chinese-backed megaprojects that has sprung up on the continent over the last several decades to construct a framework that categorizes and connects them. In doing so, the article attempts to add form to the growing literature on Sino-African megaprojects.
Cinematic cruising: Reel imagination and real experience for pleasure on the high seas
Authors: Escher Anton , Karner Marie , Rapp Helena
Published: April 2021

The experiences of cruise ship passengers are influenced by cinematic representations and intensified and (re)produced by cruise operators. This paper conceptualises cinematic cruising as a phenomenon of reel and real spaces between imagination and experience for pleasure on the high seas. To date, the influence of cinematic representations on the experience of cruise passengers has not yet been studied in detail. To address this, our argument builds on the comparability of cinemas and cruise ships. They share similar characteristics as modern and postmodern places, as heterotopias, and as places of dreams. Both are places of illusion, places of compensation, and places where one can escape from everyday life; they take moviegoers and passengers to their places of desire. The following analysis illustrates the impact that films, television series and docu-series have on passengers’ imaginations who physically experience film-like situations on cruise ships. When compared to cinemas, the perception there is not limited to just audiovisual factors. Building on this, cinematic cruising might fulfil the dreams, desires, and longings of passengers, at least on the level of imagination.
Experimental assessment of ignition characteristics of lubricating oil sprays related to low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)
Authors: Tormos Bernardo , García-Oliver José M , Carreres Marcos , Moreno-Montagud Carlos , Domínguez Beatriz , Cárdenas María Dolores , Oliva Fermín
Published: April 2021

Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) remains one of the challenges of Direct Injection (DI) Spark Ignition (SI) engines due to its potential to induce a heavy knock. Several mechanisms have been identified in the literature as plausible causes for LSPI. The physical and chemical properties of lubricant oils play a role on some of these causes. The present work aims at getting an independent procedure to determine the proneness of lubricant oils to ignite. To this end, the ignition delay (ID) of different oil formulations is experimentally determined in a constant-pressure flow facility through two different optical techniques: Schlieren and OH* chemiluminescence imaging. The investigation explores the effect of base-stock formulation, oil specification quality level, different additive types content, aging, and oxidation on oil reactivity for several thermodynamic conditions. Differences in ignition delay were found among base stocks, correlating with the American Petroleum Institute (API) group classification. However, no significant differences were found among additive packages previously reported to yield different LSPI occurrences. Hence, differences in reactivity among lubricating oil formulations are not the determining factor explaining their different LSPI occurrences in an engine. Similarly, specific lubricant additive content, aging, and oxidation do not importantly modify the measured ignition delay.