bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis enriched with taurine for survival and growth of larval milkfish Chanos chanos
Authors: Aimma Muhammad Ariful , Dedi Jusadi  , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Adiasmara Giri I Nyoman , Shofa Adestia Talita
Published: January 2025

This research evaluated the effect of taurine-enriched rotifers on the survival and growth of milkfish larvae. Twenty-five fertilized milkfish eggs were placed in a 250 L cylindrical fiber tank. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. Three days old larvae were given rotifers enriched with taurine at 0, 25, 50, or 75 mg/L. Larvae were cultured until they were 18 days old. The results showed that the taurine content in rotifers was higher in rotifer at 50 mg/L treatment, then decreased at the 75 mg/L treatment. Taurine content in the milkfish larvae aligned with taurine levels in rotifers. Furthermore, the taurine content in rotifers affected milkfish larvae' survival and body length. The highest larval survival and growth was obtained in the 50 mg/L taurine treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that taurine at 50 mg/L is the optimal rotifer enrichment dose for milkfish larvae.
 
Keywords: growth, milkfish larvae, notochord, survival rate, taurine
 
ABSTRAK
 
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian rotifera yang diperkaya taurin terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan larva ikan bandeng. Dua puluh lima butir telur ikan bandeng yang telah dibuahi ditempatkan pada tangki fiber berbentuk silinder berukuran 250 L. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Larva berumur tiga hari setelah menetas diberi rotifer yang diperkaya taurin dengan dosis 0, 25, 50, atau 75 mg/L. Larva dipelihara hingga berumur 18 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan taurin pada rotifer tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan rotifer 50 mg/L, kemudian menurun pada perlakuan rotifer 75 mg/L. Kandungan taurin pada larva ikan bandeng sebanding dengan kandungan taurin pada rotifer. Kandungan taurin pada rotifer berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan panjang tubuh larva ikan bandeng. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan larva tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan dosis 50 mg/L. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian taurin 50 mg/L pada pengayaan rotifer merupakan dosis yang optimal untuk diberikan pada larva ikan bandeng.
 
Kata Kunci: kelangsungan hidup, larva bandeng, notochord, pertumbuhan, taurin
Utilization of chicken manure enriched with Lemna liquid organic fertilizer Lemna minor on cell density of Chlorella sp.
Authors: Rosyadi Rosyadi , Agusnimar Agusnimar , Khairul Hadi
Published: January 2025

One of the organic fertilizers that has the potential to be used to culture Chlorella sp. is chicken manure. However, to increase the content of nutrients in chicken manure, it must be enriched with liquid organic fertilizer (POC) in different doses. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal dose of chicken manure enrichment using Lemna POC on the cell density of Chlorella sp. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments of 3 replicates, namely P0 giving 3 g/L chicken manure (control), P1 = 3 g/L chicken manure enriched with 4% Lemna POC, P2 = 3 g/L chicken manure enriched with 5% Lemna POC, P3 = 3 g/L chicken manure enriched with 6% Lemna POC, and P4 = 3 g/L chicken manure enriched with 7% Lemna POC. The results obtained the highest cell density of Chlorella sp. in the P3 treatment of 516.67 ± 6.29 ×104 cells/mL, a specific growth rate of 0.142 cells/mL/day, and a biomass weight of 0.39 g/L. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the optimal dose of chicken manure enrichment to increase the cell density of Chlorella sp. is 6% Lemna POC in P3 treatment.
 
Keyword: chicken manure, Lemna POC, Chlorella sp., cell density
 
ABSTRAK
 
Salah satu pupuk organik yang memiliki potensi dimanfaatkan untuk kultur Chlorella sp. adalah kotoran ayam. Namun untuk meningkatkan kandungan unsur hara pada kotoran ayam maka harus diperkaya dengan pupuk organik cair (POC) Lemna dengan dosis berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dosis pengayaan kotoran ayam yang optimal menggunakan POC Lemna terhadap kepadatan sel Chlorella sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan 3 ulangan, yaitu P0 pemberian 3 g/L kotoran ayam (kontrol), P1 = 3 g/L kotoran ayam diperkaya 4% POC Lemna, P2 = 3 g/L kotoran ayam diperkaya 5% POC Lemna, P3 = 3 g/L kotoran ayam diperkaya 6% POC Lemna, dan P4 = 3 g/L kotoran ayam diperkaya 7% POC Lemna. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kepadatan sel Chlorella sp. tertinggi pada perlakuan P3 sebanyak 516,67 ± 6,29 ×104 sel/mL, laju pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 0,142 sel/mL/hari dan berat biomassa sebesar 0,39 g/L. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dosis pengayaan kotoran ayam yang optimal untuk meningkatkan kepadatan sel Chlorella sp. adalah 6% POC Lemna pada perlakuan P3.
 
Kata kunci: kotoran ayam, POC Lemna, Chlorella sp., kepadatan sel
Cuestión de tiempo: Linklater y Truffaut, esencia de tres generaciones
Authors: Bermeo Chávez Hernán , Florián Garc´ía José , Matos Cuya Alejandra , Marmolejo Berrocal Ricardo , Rivera Prado Rita
Published: January 2025

El tiempo es un concepto importante en la filmografía de muchos directores. Un segundo de realidad cinematográfica puede prolongarse ilusoriamente hasta que el film culmine e inclusive años de vida pueden reducirse a sólo segundos en la pantalla. Directores como Richard Linklater tienen una obsesión con el tiempo ya que envejecer a sus personajes forma parte de su narrativa. Este concepto puede compararse con la saga de Antoine Doinel de François Truffaut.
The Effects of Sodium Fructose Diphosphate on BLood Coagulation Reaction Time and Plasma Coagulation Factor Activity Tests In Vitro
Authors: Zhang Yalong , Zhong Xingguo , Zhou Lin , Fang Yuan , Chen Tongqing
Published: January 2025

Objective To investigate the effects of sodium fructose diphosphate (FDP) on blood coagulation reaction time and plasma coagulation factor activity in vitro. Method The thromboelastogram detection system provided by three different manufacturers (Maiketian, Lepu, and Dingrun) was used to determine the blood coagulation reaction time (R) , clotting time (K), α-angle, and maximal amplitude (MA) of blood samples mixed with different concentrations FDP and the samples before dosing.The activities of coagulation factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII for plasma mixed with FDP were determined by automatic hemagglutination analysis system. The difference of test results between the experimental group with FDP and the control group without FDP was compared. The correlation between FDP concentration and the results of thrombologram or coagulation factor activity was analyzed by linear regression. New Zealand white rabbits were selected for the experiment on the effect of the drug on blood coagulation in vivo, and the changes of the thrombologram test results (R, K, α-angle, MA) at each time point after injection of FDP groups with the same dose were analyzed. According to the changes of the thrombologram test results before and after injection, statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether there were statistical differences in the effect of the drug on blood coagulation function. Result The results of thrombologram provided by three different manufacturers showed that the R value of blood sample was significantly correlated with the blood FDP concentration (P < 0.000), and the correlation coefficient r was 0.988 (Maiketian), 0.999 (Lepu) and 0.996 (Dingrun), respectively. There was no significant correlation between FDP concentration and K, α-angle , or MA (P > 0.05). The results of in vitro experiments showed that plasma coagulation factor V, VII, IX, XI and XII activities were significantly negatively correlated with plasma FDP concentrations (P < 0.000), and the correlation coefficients r were -0.995, -0.990, -0.989, 0.997, 0.995, respectively. The activities of II, VIII and X were not significantly affected by FDP (P > 0.05). In vivo experiments of New Zealand white rabbits showed that 0.5h after intravenous 0.5g/Kg FDP administration , 0.5h, 1h and 1.5h after 1g/Kg administration, 0.5h, 1h and 1.5h after 2g/Kg administration, and 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h and 2h after 4g/Kg administration, there were statistical differences in the R values of thrombologram compared with those before administration (P < 0.05), and the R values increased significantly after administration. That is, the blood coagulation reaction time is prolonged. Conclusion FDP can affect the results of blood coagulation test in vivo and vitro. It may really affect the function of our coagulation system.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Rubber Plantations as a Complementary Approach to Tropical Forest Conservation Strategies. A Review
Authors: Mobunda Tiko Joël , Ndjadi Serge Shakanye , Obandza – Ayessa Jémima-Lydie , Mweru Jean-Pierre Mate , Michel Baudouin , Beeckman Hans , Rakotondrasoa Olivia-Lovanirina , Meniko To Hulu Jean Pierre
Published: January 2025

Tropical forest ecosystems play a significant role in carbon storage and climate regulation. However, these ecosystems are threatened by deforestation through slash-and-burn agriculture, logging, and mining. Consequently, there is a pressing need to assess the carbon storage potential of tropical perennial plantations, particularly rubber plantations, as a sustainable alternative to deforestation and tropical forest degradation. This study utilizes a systematic review of the extant literature to assess the carbon sequestration potential of rubber plantations and to explore their viability as a complementary alternative to tropical forests in the context of climate change mitigation. The carbon stocks present in rubber plantations have been documented to range from 30 to over 100 tons of carbon per hectare in total dry weight. In comparison, dense tropical forests have been shown to store up to over 300 tons of carbon per hectare, placing rubber plantations in a competitive range, particularly when managed effectively. The potential for carbon sequestration varies considerably based on factors such as plantation age, tree density, environmental conditions, and land management practices, including crop rotation, tapping frequency, plantation maintenance, and biomass management. Optimizing plantation density and regulating water inputs to avoid excessive irrigation are among the management practices that have been shown to enhance carbon sequestration potential, maximize biomass storage, and preserve optimal physiological conditions for rubber trees. Notwithstanding their substantial carbon sequestration potential, rubber plantations are unable to fully compensate for the ecological functions and storage capacity of tropical forests. This limitation stems from their simplified structure and the reduction in biodiversity that is characteristic of monoculture. The findings of this study have the potential to inform the implementation of public policies that promote the adoption of rubber plantations in high-risk deforestation areas. These policies could be developed in conjunction with the development of sustainable management techniques, such as agroforestry, with the aim of maximizing carbon storage and biodiversity preservation. In this context, rubber plantations emerge as a complementary alternative to tropical forest conservation initiatives, offering an economically viable option while contributing significantly to carbon sequestration.
Persistently Active Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with the Development of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: KIM Jun Young , Kwan Byung Soo , Cho Jung Hwan , Kim Hye In , Ko Nak Gyeong , Jin Mihyeon , Lee Ok Jae
Published: January 2025

Background / Aims: Previous studies suggested a link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and steatotic liver disease, now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to identify the association of active H. pylori infection and new concept of MASLD in a longitudinal cohort. Methods: We reviewed 1,497 health examinees who had two endoscopic biopsies for H. pylori activity, without hepatic steatosis at the baseline abdominal ultrasonography. Subjects were classified into four groups based on H. pylori activity. Multivariable Cox models were assessed the link between H. pylori activity status and incident MASLD. Results: Over a median follow-up of 31.1 months, 247 subjects (16.5%) developed MASLD. The groups were: H. pylori naïve (n = 57, 15.6%), de-novo (n = 31, 15.3%), eradicated (n = 32, 16.1%), and persistent (n = 127, 17.4%). The H. pylori persistent group had a higher risk of MASLD compared to naïve group (hazard ratio: 1.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.01 - 1.96; P-value = 0.045). The association between H. pylori activity status and incident MASLD was significant only with ongoing infection. Conclusions: Persistent H. pylori infection increases the risk of MASLD, indicating that active infection may contribute to MASLD development. Eradicating active H. pylori infection might help lower the incidence of MASLD.
Analytic Investigation of the Imprints of Charge on the Kerr Newmann De Sitter Black Hole Photon Ring
Authors: Mugambi James , Omwoyo Eunice , Wamalwa Dismas
Published: January 2025

In 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) released the first image of a black hole, sparking huge interest in the study of black hole images. We present analytical solutions to the null geodesic equations for the Kerr Newman de Sitter black holes derived using the Jacobi elliptic functions. Using these solutions we have performed an analytic ray tracing simulation to model direct images, lensing rings, and photon rings considering standard observers and zero angular momentum observers (ZAMOs). Additionally, we have derived analytic expressions for the critical parameters governing the structure of the photon ring and analyzed them in detail. From the foregoing an increase in charge leads to a decrease in both time delay and Lyapunov exponent while the change in azimuthal angle is insignificant. These findings improve our understanding on the effects of charge on black holes photon rings and provide a foundation for future studies.
Bioactivity Assessment of Functionalized TiO2 Powder with Dihydroquercetin
Authors: Nikšić Valentina , Pirković Andrea , Spremo-Potparević Biljana , Živković Lada , Topalović Dijana , Nedeljković Jovan M. , Lazic Vesna
Published: January 2025

The biological activities, including cell viability, oxidative stress, genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity, were evaluated for the visible-light-responsive TiO2-based ICT complex with dihydroquercetin (DHQ) and compared with the pristine TiO2, its inorganic component. Pristine TiO2 did not induce cytotoxicity in MRC-5 or HeLa cells within the tested concentration range (1-20 mg/mL), while TiO2/DHQ displayed a significant reduction in cell viability in both cell lines at higher concentrations (≥10 mg/mL). Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production revealed that TiO2/DHQ significantly reduced ROS levels in both cell types (MRC-5 and HeLa), with HeLa cells showing a more substantial reduction at lower concentrations. Genotoxicity assessment using the comet assay demonstrated that TiO2 induced DNA damage in MRC-5 cells, while TiO2/DHQ did not, indicating that DHQ mitigates the genotoxic potential of TiO2. Furthermore, TiO2/DHQ exhibited antigenotoxic effects by reducing H2O2-induced DNA damage in MRC-5 cells, supporting its protective role against oxidative stress. Preliminary antimicrobial tests revealed that TiO2/DHQ exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli under visible light excitation, while TiO2 does not. These findings suggest that TiO2-based ICT complex with DHQ with enhanced antioxidant properties can potentially serve as a safe, non-toxic biocide agent.
Comparative Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) Due to Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Giurdanella Marco , Minici Roberto , Battaglia Caterina , Conti Giuliana , Rosi Nicola De , Manti Francesco , Furci Carmela , Laganà Domenico
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) remains a cornerstone in managing obstructive jaundice, particularly when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is unsuccessful or contraindicated. This study aims to compare ultrasound-guided (US-PTBD) and fluoroscopy-guided (F-PTBD) techniques regarding procedural time, radiation exposure, technical success, and complication rates. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 133 patients (163 PTBD procedures) with malignant obstructive jaundice who underwent PTBD between January 2018 and December 2024. Patients were stratified based on the guidance method (US-PTBD vs. F-PTBD). Procedural characteristics, including dose-area product (DAP), fluoroscopy time, complication rates, and technical success, were analyzed using statistical methods appropriate for continuous and categorical data. The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Results: US-PTBD demonstrated significantly lower DAP (4.1 ± 1.9 Gy·cm² vs. 6.2 ± 1.5 Gy·cm²; p < 0.001) and shorter procedure time (42 ± 7 minutes vs. 56.6 ± 6 minutes; p < 0.001) compared to F-PTBD. Both techniques had comparable technical success rates (91.1% vs. 82.2%; p = 0.158). Complication rates were higher in the F-PTBD group (10.2% vs. 6.7%), with major complications, including bleeding and cholangitis, occurring exclusively in the F-PTBD cohort. US-PTBD resulted in fewer Glisson capsule punctures, suggesting reduced procedural trauma. Conclusions: US-PTBD offers distinct advantages over F-PTBD, including reduced radiation exposure, shorter procedure times, and a comparable safety profile. These findings highlight the potential of US guidance as a safer alternative for PTBD, particularly in patients with coagulopathy or complex anatomy. Further multicenter studies with larger populations are warranted to confirm these benefits and refine patient selection criteria.
Chemical Evolution of Life on Earth
Authors: Lei Lei , Burton Zachary Frome
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The origin of genes and genetics is the story of coevolution of translation systems and the genetic code. Remarkably, the history of the origin of life on Earth was in-scribed and preserved in the sequences of tRNAs. Methods: Sequence logos demonstrate pat-terning of pre-life tRNA sequences. Results: The pre-life type I and type II tRNA sequence is known with few ambiguities. Type I and type II tRNA evolved from ligation of three 31 nt minihelices of highly patterned and known sequence followed by closely related 9 nt internal deletion(s) within ligated acceptor stems. The D loop 17 nt core was a truncated UAGCC repeat. The anticodon and T 17 nt stem-loop-stems are homologous sequences with 5 nt stems and a 7 nt U-turn loop that was powerfully selected in pre-life to resist ribozyme nucleases and to present a 3 nt anticodon with a single wobble position. The 7 nt T loop in tRNA was selected to interact with the D loop at the “elbow”. 5’-acceptor stems were based on a 7 nt truncated GCG repeat. 3’-acceptor stems were based on a complementary 7 nt CGC repeat. In pre-life, ACCA-Gly was a primitive adapter molecule ligated to many RNAs including tRNAs to synthesize (dirty) poly-glycine. Conclusions: Analysis of sequence logos of tRNAs from an ancient Archaeon substanti-ates how the pre-life to life transition occurred on Earth. Polyglycine is posited to have aggregated complex molecular assemblies including minihelices, tRNAs, cooperating molecules and protocells leading to the first life on Earth.
History Is Written by the Winners. Reflections on Control Charts for Process Control
Authors: Galetto Fausto
Published: January 2025

We use the Jarrett (1979) data from “A Note on the Intervals Between Coal-Mining Disasters” and the analysis by Kumar et al., and by Zhang et al. From the analysis we get different results: the cause is that they use the Probability Limits of the PI (Probability Interval) as they were the Control Limits (so they name them) of the Control Charts (CCs): those authors do not extract the complete information from the statistical data of CCs for TBE (Time Between Events) data exponentially distributed or not normally distributed. The Control Limits in the Shewhart CCs are based on the Normal Distribution (Central Limit Theorem, CLT) and are not valid for non-normal distributed data: consequently, the decisions about the “In Control” (IC) and “Out Of Control” (OOC) states of the process are wrong. The Control Limits of the CCs are wrongly computed, due to unsound knowledge of the fundamental concept of Confidence Interval. Minitab and other software (e.g. JMP, SAS) use the “T Charts”, claimed to be a good method for dealing with “rare events”, but their computed Control Limits of the CCs are wrong. We will show that the Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) is able to solve these problems.
Optimization of Injection-Molding Process for High-Strength and Lightweight Back Rest of Firefighter’s Using Carbonfiber Composites of Long Fiber Thermoplastic with Flame Retardants
Authors: Min Kyung-Jae , Song Joon Hyuk , Tak Hyun , Song Bhum Keun
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on reducing the weight of oxygen respirators in firefighters' personal protective equipment (PPE), which currently accounts for about 56% of the total weight. The heavy PPE, weighing between 20 and 25 kg, restricts movement and can lead to musculoskeletal injuries. To address this, the study investigates using a carbon fiber-reinforced composite for the backrest of the oxygen respirator to reduce weight while maintaining strength. The backrest was fabricated using a long-fiber thermoplastic (LFT) composite made with PA66 resin and 30wt.% carbon fiber content. Initially, the injection-molding process conditions were identified to achieve a tensile strength of 85 MPa or higher. Additionally, flame retardants were added to improve fire resistance, with AF-480 at 5 wt.% found to be the best option. Subsequently, optimal injection conditions were set by fabricating the back rest with the composite by applying the Taguchi method to satisfy the required tensile strength. As a result, the composite material achieved a 12.8% weight reduction while maintaining the required strength. This development is expected to significantly improve firefighter safety, leading to more effective firefighting and reduced human and property damage.
Prevalence of Potentially Zoonotic Endoparasites in Domestic Dog Puppies
Authors: Reginaldo Gisele Moraes dos Santos , Widmer Giovanni , Inácio Sandra Valéria , Gomes Jancarlo Ferreira , Bertequini Nagata Walter , Moreno Gabriela Pinheiro Tirado , Camargo Neto João Alfredo Biagi , Ferreira Wagner Luis , Falcão Alexandre Xavier , Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva
Published: January 2025

Despite the existence of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, gastrointestinal parasites are common in pets. Due to the zoonotic potential of some species, parasitic protozoa and helminths are of great importance to public health. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of the main gastrointestinal parasites in domestic dog puppies in the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. One hundred fecal samples were collected from dogs up to six months of age. Parasites were diagnosed using three methods; Willis’, Faust's and malachite green coproparasitological techniques. Parasite prevalence as determined by Willis and/or Faust diagnostic techniques was as follows: Toxocara spp. 34%, Isospora spp. 28%, Ancylostoma spp. 22% and, Giardia spp. 8%. These prevalence rates were calculated by considering an animal to be positive if Willis’ or Faust’s, or both tests returned a positive result. Diagnosis with malachite green was negative for all samples. Infection with Toxocara spp., the most prevalent pathogen in this survey, was not limited to dogs with abnormal fecal consistency. The occurrence of asymptomatic parasitized dogs increases the risk of zoonotic transmission.
Evaluation of Vitamin D Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients - A Systematic Review of the Last 5 Years
Authors: Wang Shan , Ren Ruodi , Wang Kunkun , Leo Christopher , Li Mengyan , Chow Allison , Yang Andrew , Lu Yun
Published: January 2025

Vitamin D deficiency was found to be associated with increased risks of infection, morbidity, and mortality in critically ill patients. However, current critical care guidelines do not recommend routine vitamin D supplementation. We conducted a literature search using Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials published in the past five years on vitamin D supplementation in ICU patients. We analyzed data from 21 studies, reviewing dosing strategies, administration routes, baseline vitamin D levels, and clinical outcomes such as biomarker changes, mechanical ventilation duration, hospital length of stay, and mortality.  Our results suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be safe and potentially beneficial in reducing ICU length of stay and time on mechanical ventilation. However, the impact on overall mortality remains uncertain. Our findings emphasize the need for individualized clinical decision-making regarding vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients, considering baseline vitamin D levels, patient characteristics, severity of illness, and administration methods.
Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type2 (cVDPV2) Outbreak Response with Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine type2 (nOPV2) May 2024, Sierra Leone’s Experience
Authors: Kangbai Desmond Maada , Sesay Edwin Nabies , Clemens-Kangbai Nella , Kemoh Andrew Kekurah , Lansana Sallu , Benya Hassan , Nunie Aminata , Kallon Joyce Mariama , Samuels Edna Gbonu , Clemens Amanda , James Peter Bai , Kallay Mohamed Thomas Morlai , Sesay Tom
Published: January 2025

Background: A circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 (cVDPV2) was isolated in environmental samples collected at the Mabella Sawmill Bridge environmental surveillance site in March 2024. The Ministry of Health and its partners responded to the outbreak by conducting a novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) nationwide vaccination campaign among children aged 0-59 months. This study explores Sierra Leone's experience in terms of gaps identified, successes, and outcomes of the campaigns.

Methods: The study employed a descriptive secondary data analysis of the nOPV2 campaign, administrative, and Lot Quality Assessment Survey (LQAS) data collected during the first round of the nOPV2 campaign in Sierra Leone in May 2024. Administrative data was extracted from the national nOPV2 campaign database, while the LQAS data were requested from the WHO server. Stata version 18 and Power BI were used to analyse the administrative and LQAS data.

Results: 1,590,769 children aged 0-59 months were vaccinated against the polio virus in Sierra Leone. The Supplementary Immunization Activity (SIA) coverage for the nOPV vaccination in Sierra Leone was 100% for the first round of the campaign. Also, of the sixteen districts selected for the LQAS survey, twelve districts 75% passed the survey, and four districts 25% failed the LQAS.

Conclusion: The first round of the nOPV2 vaccination campaign in Sierra Leone demonstrated significant success in reaching the majority of the target population, with robust preparatory and implementation strategies contributing to this achievement.
Managerial Infophysics Unveiled: A Systematic Literature Review on the Amalgamation of Business Process Management and Information Entropy Analysis
Authors: Mouzakitis Apostolos , Liapakis Anastasios
Published: January 2025

This systematic literature review introduces managerial infophysics, a novel framework and metaparadigm that integrates Business Process Management (BPM) principles with entropy-based metrics to address organizational uncertainty and enhance decision-making in complex environments. Employing the PRISMA methodology, the review spans research from 2018 to 2024, drawing on a comprehensive search across 21 databases, each selected for its focus on peer-reviewed content in BPM, econophysics, and informatics. The identification stage yielded 16,101 records, which were rigorously evaluated to ensure the inclusion of the most current and valid research on these topics. This review highlights the potential for entropy-based metrics to quantify process variability, offering a dynamic alternative to traditional KPIs. Through an interdisciplinary synthesis, managerial infophysics is proposed as a metaparadigm, presenting a unified approach to managing complexity and uncertainty within structured organizational processes. Findings suggest that entropy-enhanced BPM frameworks not only improve operational predictability and resource allocation but also extend BPM's applicability to sectors with high variability, such as healthcare and finance. Despite challenges in aligning BPM’s efficiency orientation with entropy’s probabilistic insights, the curated evidence supports this interdisciplinary framework's role in fostering organizational resilience and adaptability. This review establishes managerial infophysics as a promising conceptual model, inviting further empirical validation for broader application.
Subject-Specific Mapping of Excess Manganese Accumulation in the Brain of Welders Using MRI Relaxometry
Authors: Monsivais Humberto , Dydak Ulrike
Published: January 2025

In this work we demonstrate a novel methodology for personalized diagnosis and spatial characterization of abnormal Magnetic Resonance Imaging R1 (R1 = 1/T1) relaxation rates arising from excessive manganese (Mn) accumulation in welders’ brains. Utilizing voxel-wise population-derived norms based on a frequency age-matched non-exposed group (n = 25), we demonstrate the ability to conduct subject-specific assessments and mapping of Mn exposure using MRI relaxometry. Our results show elevated R1 in multiple brain regions in individual welders, but also extreme between-subject variability in Mn accumulation, debasing the concept that high exposures correlate with uniformly high Mn deposition in the brain. Consequently, the presented personalized methodology serves as a counterpart to group-based comparison, which allows for understanding the level of individual exposure and the toxicokinetics of Mn accumulation. This work lays a foundation for improved occupational health assessments and preventive measures against neurotoxic metal exposure.
Exploring the Impact of Workplace Violence in Urban Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lyver Brendan , Singh Brendan , Balzer Nathan , Agnihotri Manu , Hulme Jennifer , Chan Kathryn , Sethi Rickinder , Reynolds Charlene , Haines Jennifer , Whiteside Robert , Toppings Marc , Schulz-Quach Christian
Published: January 2025

Background Workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare, particularly in emergency departments (EDs), is a growing and complex issue that significantly impacts healthcare providers (HCPs). Following the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of WPV have increased globally, contributing to increased burnout, reduced morale, and heightened challenges in staff retention within EDs. Objective This study aimed to explore HCPs’ perspectives on WPV in EDs. The insights gathered were intended to inform targeted interventions in a quality improvement initiative focused on addressing WPV in our healthcare institution. Methods A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews was conducted with 52 HCPs across two urban EDs at a multi-site academic health center. Participants from various roles and shifts shared experiences related to safety, leadership, training, and security. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and thematically analyzed to identify key themes surrounding WPV in EDs. Results The thematic analysis identified 4 main themes including (1) Violence is Part of the Job, (2) Leadership Dynamics regarding WPV, (3) Disconnect Among ED Staff During WPV Response, and (4) Enhancing Systems and Culture for Effective WPV Management. These themes provide a comprehensive view of HCPs’ experiences and offer actionable recommendations for healthcare organizations seeking to address WPV. Conclusion The study provides valuable qualitative insights into WPV in EDs, emphasizing the importance of addressing cultural, structural, and procedural gaps. These findings can guide the development of more supportive and effective strategies to create a safer environment for ED staff. Further rounds of interviews are planned post-intervention to assess changes in HCPs’ perceptions and experiences.
Assessment of Phenotypic Tools for Detection of OXA-48, KPC and NDM in Klebsiella pneumoniae in Oman
Authors: Rujaibi Arwa AL , Jabri Zaaima AL , Jardani Amina AL , Rashdi Azza AL , Mamari Azza AL , Sumri Sara AL , Sami Hiba , Rizvi Meher
Published: January 2025

Background: For judicious use of reserve drugs, timely detection of carbapenemases is essential. While molecular tools are gold standard for detection of these enzymes, many laboratories have limited access to them. This study focused on evaluating in-house and commercial phenotypic tests for detection of OXA-48 in particular, KPC and NDM in general in K. pneumoniae, the predominant extremely drug-resistant pathogen in Oman. Methods: Eighty GeneXpert/PCR confirmed (40 OXA-48, twenty KPC and NDM each) and 37 whole-genome-sequenced (25 OXA-232, 6 KPC-2 plus NDM-1 and NDM-5 each) K. pneumoniae were subjected to screening by temocillin (30 μg disk MAST Diagnostica, Germany) and D71C (MASTDISCS®). Isolates resistant to temocillin (<11mm) and D71C were subjected to four tests -one in-house (OXA-48 disk test) and three commercial phenotypic tests (i) The MASTDISCS® Combi (D72C) (MAST Group Ltd., UK). (ii) The MASTDISCS® Combi (D73C) (MAST Group Ltd., UK) and (iii) Immunochromatographic assay (ICT); KPC/IMP/NDM/VIM/OXA-48 Combo test kit (Medomics, China for detection of OXA-48 like, KPC and NDM carbapenemases. Results: Temocillin exhibited good sensitivity and specificity (100% and 97.50%) compared to D71C (70% and 100%). Among the confirmatory tests, the in-house OXA-48 disk test had 92.50% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while the commercial MAST DISC tests D72C D73C and ICT had 97.50%, 95.00% and 100% sensitivity and 100%, 91.67% and 95% specificity respectively. Conclusion: Temocillin disc test is a good screening tool. With high sensitivity and specificity, ease of performance, short turnaround time and low cost, we recommend ICT for routine diagnostic use. In resource constrained centres, OXA-48 disk test is an excellent alternative with high sensitivity and specificity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Acai Oil Nano-Lotion: Hydration, Stability, and Sensory Properties
Authors: Supanakorn Nuntaporn , Dodou Kalliopi
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for natural and sustainable skincare products has led to the exploration of bioactive ingredients, such as Acai oil, in advanced cosmetic formulations. Acai oil, known for its rich antioxidant and moisturizing properties, was incorporated into a nano-lotion to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing skin hydration, stability, and sensory attributes. Two formulations were developed: a traditional Acai lotion and a nano-lotion containing encapsulated Acai oil using chitosan-alginate nanoparticles. The moisturizing efficacy was evaluated by comparing the Acai lotion with a base lotion using the Delfin MoistureMeter SC Compact. Further evaluation was conducted on the nano-lotion to assess prolonged release, stability, viscosity, and sensory attributes, including texture, spreadability, absorption, stickiness, and greasiness. The comparison between the base lotion and Acai lotion showed that the Acai lotion significantly improved skin hydration. The nano-lotion demonstrated additional benefits, including successful drug loading (92%) within the nanoparticles, enhanced viscosity, and improved sensory properties. The nano-lotion had a lighter texture, better spreadability, and faster absorption compared to the Acai lotion. Both formulations maintained stability at pH = 5 over a one-month storage period and showed no significant changes in color, odor, or viscosity, confirming their stability. Moreover, the nano-lotion showed potential for prolonged release, suggesting extended hydration effects over time. The results demonstrate that Acai oil is an effective moisturizing ingredient, and its encapsulation in a nano-lotion formulation enhances the product’s stability, sensory attributes, and hydration efficacy. The nano-lotion offers a lightweight, non-greasy, and easy-to-apply alternative with prolonged release properties, making it a promising candidate for future natural-based cosmetic products. Further studies on long-term release behavior are recommended to fully validate the nano-lotion’s sustained hydration effects.
Education, Health, and Social Systems. European Mountain Series Analysis (1)
Authors: Covaci Mihai , Covaci Brindusa , Catuna Carmen
Published: January 2025

The article is part of a series dedicated to mountain science, focusing on the statistical analysis of the sectors presented in Eurostat in the Business Demography Statistics - mountain area section. This paper refers to the education, health and social work sectors. The analysis is carried out for all indicators presented in the Eurostat metaindex, explanations posted by the authors at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14713867. The article presents a series of analyses based on statistics for the years 2021-2022. The results show a revival of the analyzed sectors, especially for indicators relevant for the development of mountain entrepreneurship. European analyzed countries are representative for mountain area, namely Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden.
Influence of Public Health and Social Determinants on Maternal Factors Shaping Preschool Children’s Cognitive Development: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Syrou Niki , Ali Guma , Budhathoki Chitra Bahadur , Devkota Bhimsen , Thapa Pramila , Adamopoulos Ioannis
Published: January 2025

Background: The impact of public health and social determinants on maternal factors for academic nurturing and the cognitive development of preschool children for family-based and institutional nutrition interventions reveals a concerning prevalence of suboptimal behaviors across all countries. Early intervention strategies to cultivate healthy habits, particularly in preschool and childcare settings, highlight the importance of addressing socioeconomic barriers that prevent families from adopting health-promoting behaviors.Objective: Nurturing children’s cognitive development requires creating engaging learning experiences, providing emotional warmth, and fostering social interactions. This study explored the factors influencing cognitive development in 389 preschool children (aged 3-5) in Rupandehi District, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design employing multistage random sampling was used to collect socioeconomic and demographic data alongside caregivers’ academic nurturance practices through validated instruments and interviews. Data analysis was conducted via IBM SPSS version 26, with significance at p<0.05. Results: Forty-eight percent of the families were economically disadvantaged, and only 15.5% of the caregivers exhibited high levels of academic nurturance. While academic nurturance did not directly affect cognitive development, the unadjusted analysis revealed positive associations between cognitive development and wealth status, maternal education, family structure, caste/ethnicity, and the age of children. Multivariate analysis confirmed that family type, caste/ethnicity, and the child’s age were key factors in predicting cognitive development. The economic status predictor of cognitive development (β = -0.254, p = 0.000), negative association with lower economic status, and poorer cognitive development academic nurturance were added as predictors (β = -0.003, p = 0.954), accounting for 8.0% of the variance in cognitive development (R² = 8.0%), with an F-statistic of 4.667 (p = 0.000).Conclusion: Addressing these socioeconomic determinants could significantly improve children’s cognitive outcomes. Finally, the study emphasizes the complex link between maternal characteristics, social determinants, and treatments in determining preschool children’s caring and cognitive development. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions that address these interconnected elements, emphasizing the importance of fostering social determinants and public health principles in increasing maternal involvement and reducing socioeconomic barriers to optimal child development.
Schizotypal Traits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Impact on Social, Emotional and Behavioral Functioning
Authors: Tagkouli Evdokia , Kouklari Evangelia Chrysanthi , Ntre Vassiliki , Pehlivanidis Artemios , Stefanis Nikos C , Pantelis Chris , Papanikolaou Katerina
Published: January 2025

Schizotypal traits are considered to be clinical and cognitive features of Schizotypal Disorder in children (SDc). These traits are also seen in children and adolescents with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study examines the influence of schizotypal traits (and their se-verity) on the capacity of children with ASD to manage emotions, develop relationships with others and adapt in school and family life. Methods: The Schizotypal traits of 63 children (6-12 years old) with High Functioning ASD were measured by the Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids (MASK). Parents and teachers of the participating children completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teachers' Report Form (TRF) from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Results: Overall, the results indi-cated significant correlations between the MASK scores and problems recorded by teachers, such as Internalizing problems (i.e., Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed, & Other problems score) according to TRF and Inappropriate speech score, according to teacher’s ABC scales. Schizotypal traits impact the social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of children with ASD at home and school environment. Conclusions: The assessment of schizotypal traits in children with ASD provides critical information about a child’s functionality and cognitive development, also leading to identification of potential cognitive - neuropsychological endophenotype within ASD with characteristics of both Autism and Schizophrenia spectra. Τhe development of a valid assessment tool is required, as well as the design of targeted interventions to prevent the loss of functionality.
Ultrasonographic Ventral Hip Joint Approach and Relationship with Joint Laxity in Estrela Mountain Dogs
Authors: Tomé Inês , Alves-Pimenta Sofia , Colaço Bruno , Ginja Mário
Published: January 2025

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a prevalent disease in medium to large-breed dogs, characterized by joint laxity and degenerative joint changes. Early diagnosis of HD poses significant challenges, as radiographic imaging often identifies the disease only in advanced stages. Conversely, ultrasonography, a non-invasive and cost-effective imaging modality, offers the potential for earlier detection by evaluating the surrounding soft tissues and synovial changes. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the ventral hip ultrasonographic findings, and hip joint laxity evaluated through stress radiographs on 22 young Estrela Mountain dogs (n=44 hips) aged 4 to 8 months. Key ultrasound measurements included synovial fluid in the cranial femoral neck recess (CFNR) and capsular-synovial fold thickness (CFT). Radiographic laxity was estimated by measuring the distraction index (DI). The mean ± standard deviation of the CFNR area, CFT, and DI was 45.58±25.40 mm², 3.21±0.90 mm, and 0.40±0.10, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient was statistically significant between all these variables (P<0.05). The ventral ultrasonographic approach to hip joint revealed potential, considering the early diagnosis of HD in dogs, by showing relationships between changes in periarticular soft tissues and joint laxity. Further studies are needed to associate ultrasonographic findings with radiographic signs of HD and related clinical signs in dogs.
Changes in Quality Features of Pork Burgers Prepared with Chokeberry Pomace During Storage
Authors: Cegiełka Aneta , Piątkowska Jagoda , Chmiel Marta , Hać-Szymańczuk Elżbieta , Kalisz Stanisław , Adamczak Lech
Published: January 2025

This study aimed at evaluation the effect of addition of shredded black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace on the quality of heat-treated and vacuum-packed pork burgers stored for 14 days at +4C. Four burger treatments: control (BC), and products with 2%, 3.5% and 5% of chokeberry pomace (B2, B3.5 and B5, respectively) were analysed for physicochemical and microbiological properties. The use of chokeberry pomace resulted in an increase (p < 0.05) in thermal loss and a decrease (p < 0.05) in the pH, and differentiated (p < 0.05) the contents of water, protein, fat and salt in burgers. The chokeberry pomace affected the colour of burgers; products B2, B3.5 and B5 were significantly (p < 0.05) darker, and were characterized by greater redness, and lesser yellowness than BC product. Moderate antimicrobial properties of chokeberry pomace were recorded on the last day of burgers storage, when lower (p < 0.05) numbers of LAB and Pseudomonas spp. bacteria were found in products B2-B5 than in the BC product. It seems advisable to continue research on the use of chokeberry pomace, but in a processed form, taking into account the sensory quality.
Effectiveness of Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Continuous Nasal Positive Airway Pressure in Managing Respiratory Failure in Preterm Infants: An Emergency Department Study
Authors: Yousof Mahboob Duaa , Hassan Amber , Naheed Faiza , Ali Shah Arshad , Fareed Siddiqui Maria
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, particularly when accompanied by respiratory failure. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and outcomes of HHFNC and CPAP in improving respiratory outcomes and reducing adverse effects.
METHODS: The 220 patients were enrolled in the study (110 in each group) from the neonatal unit, after obtaining written informed consent from their parents/guardians. Nasal CPAP was applied to patients in group A through nasal canula with the following settings FiO2: 40-60%, PEEP: 5-8 cm H2O, flow: 4-6L/min. HHFNC was applied to patients in group B through the nasal cannula with the following setting FiO2: 40-60%, flow: 4-6L/min. Study variables were recorded in the proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.
RESULTS: The comparison of CPAP (Group A) and HHFNC (Group B) showed no significant differences in age, gestational age, or clinical parameters, except for a higher respiratory rate in HHFNC. The HHFNC group had significantly shorter durations of non-invasive ventilatory support and hospital stay. Adverse effects were more common in HHFNC, especially nasal mucosal injury, while sepsis was more frequent in CPAP. Treatment failure occurred more often in the HHFNC group. Neonatal outcomes were similar, with no significant differences in discharge rates, mortality, or intubation rates.
CONCLUSION: The study found that the duration of non-invasive ventilator support, shown by HHFNC, was significantly less when compared to CPAP. This suggests that HHFNC might be preferred for providing extended respiratory support in this patient population. Nonetheless, both HHFNC and CPAP appear safe and effective in supporting neonates through their respiratory challenges.