bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevención de la endocarditis infecciosa en niños y adolescentes con cardiopatías congénitas. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Acosta de Carmargo María Gabriela , Giunta Crescente Claudia , Gamarra Arévalo Yamir
Published: January 2021

Las cardiopatías congénitas incluyen anomalias en la estructura cardiaca que ocurren antes del nacimiento. Dichos defectos se dan en el feto mientras se desarrolla durante el embarazo. Este grupo de pacientes son de riesgo para contraer endocarditis infecciosa durante la consulta odontológica. Objetivo: recopilar información actualizada sobre el control odontológico para prevenir la endocarditis infecciosa en niños y adolescentes que presenten cardiopatías congénitas. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda, mediante consulta electrónica en las principales bases de datos científicas Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Medline, EBSCO desde 1990 a 2017 en inglés, español y portugués. Conclusión: De acuerdo a las últimas pautas mundiales cada paciente debe ser tratado de acuerdo al riesgo real de desarrollar o no EI y no debe impartirse la profilaxis antibiótica como se hacía en el pasado.
NEITHER LANDSCAPE, NOR GEOSYSTEM, GEOFORM AS A FUNDAMENTAL CATEGORY OF GEOMORPHODIVERSITY
Authors: MARCO TÚLIO MENDONÇA DINIZ  , ISA GABRIELA DELGADO DE ARAÚJO  , MARIA LUIZA DE OLIVEIRA TERTO  , SANDRO DAMIÃO RIBEIRO DA SILVA
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo delimitar a geoforma como categoria de análise do estudo da geodiversidade, que se caracteriza por ser uma temática desenvolvida, sobretudo, a partir da década de 1990, com o intuito de subsidiar a preservação dos elementos abióticos, dentre os quais se inserem a geomorfologia, através da geomorfodiversidade. Os estudos dessa nova abordagem se desenvolveram no contexto da Geografia associados ao conceito de Paisagem, genuinamente amplo, e do geossistema, como ente representativo dos diversos elementos que compõem a Paisagem (abióticos, bióticos e antrópicos). Buscou-se, dessa forma, resgatar a discussão do conceito de Paisagem e o uso do geossistema, indicando que estes conceitos são considerados inadequados no contexto explicitado no texto, pois destacam uma visão holística, não pertinente aos estudos predominantemente abióticos da geodiversidade e, mais especificamente, da geomorfodiversidade. Para isso, como já citado, foi estabelecida a discussão da geoforma como a categoria de análise mais coerente para o âmbito dos estudos da geomorfodiversidade, uma vez que busca realçar as formas de relevo existentes e seus processos em uma determinada área.
BRAZILIAN RELIEF, PLANATION SURFACES AND MORPHOLOGICAL LEVELS
Authors: JURANDYR LUCIANO SANCHES ROSS
Published: January 2021

Este artigo sobre relevo, superfícies erosivas e níveis morfológicos é um produto síntese, fruto de pesquisa sistemática e mapeamento desenvolvido nas últimas duas décadas no Brasil e também por meio de pesquisa privada do autor. Seus objetivos são desenvolver uma análise crítica dos mais importantes estudos realizados no Brasil relacionados às superfícies erosivas e, ao mesmo tempo, estabelecer novas interpretações sobre fatos dessa natureza com o auxílio dos conhecimentos adquiridos nos últimos anos. Desta forma, tenta-se mostrar que a interpretação com correlações automáticas entre os níveis morfológicos topográficos e as superfícies erosivas são altamente duvidosos, sendo necessária a adoção de outros parâmetros para as análises. Os exemplares localizam-se nas regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Minas Gerais, pois podem ser encontradas superfícies niveladas, principalmente ao longo das divisórias das grandes bacias de drenagem do Brasil, ou ainda nas bordas niveladas de bacias sedimentares como Paraná, Parecis e Parnaíba. Além disso, as pesquisas  desenvolvidas na Bacia do Alto Paraguai-Cuiabá confirmam um fato que já havia sido observado em outras áreas. Observou-se que naquela região os níveis morfológicos são decorrentes de diversos fatores de caráter estrutural, como superfícies erosivas, idades residuais ou diferenciais, níveis estruturais condicionados, níveis produzidos por erosão diferencial, níveis produzidos por efeito tectônico e níveis produzidos por deposição recente.
Covid-19 and its impact on Maxillofacial Services at University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust
Authors: Duncan Miles
Published: January 2021

At the time of submitting this article, we are entering our second week of the second national lockdown, due to the Coronavirus Pandemic. All our lives have been adversely affected by this insidious disease, both professionally and personally, and it is unlikely that our working environmentwill ever return to the ‘normal’ that we once knew. The first part of this article is intended to shed some light on our specialty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and how this pandemic has impacted upon our services at University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust (UHMB). The second part will be a series of cases, to corroborate the difficulties encountered as a direct result of Covid-19.
Diagnosis and management of Ogilvie’s Syndrome post caesarean section: case report
Authors: Hawkins Leah , Ajayi Sunny
Published: January 2021

A 36-year-old woman presented to the maternity unit two days post caesarean section (CS) with abdominal distension, pain and constipation. She was found to be septic on admission. Imaging demonstrated dilated bowel loops without an identifiable site of obstruction highlightingOgilvie’s syndrome (OS) as the cause of her symptoms. Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) was identified as thesource of infection with accompanying right sided lower lobe collapse. She was reviewed by multiple specialties to aid management and was subsequently managedconservatively for pseudo-obstruction. She made a good recovery and was able to return home after 10 days in hospital
Mechanical Properties Assessment of Laminated Veneer Lumber from Teak Plantation in Laos
Authors: SOUKPHAXAY Khonethong , PHONETIP Khamtan , BOUPHA Latsamy , SAETERN Lothim , KHAMMANIVONG Khanxay , YU Fu
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the most influenced levels of pressure and length of time on modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of teak laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Teak LVL was taken from the Faculty of Forestry’s forest plantation in Vientiane, Laos. The peeled veneer’s thickness was 2.3 mm. The veneer was air-dried until the moisture content reached the range of 6 to 10 %. Teak LVL panels were assembled from 9-ply panels of veneer using PL116- Liquid phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive. The temperature was at 120 °C at 3 different pressure levels i.e., 1.5, 2 and 2.5 MPa and levels of time i.e. 9, 11 and 13 min. The experiment was conducted based on ISO16978. Intron Machine Model 5569 was used for the bending test of LVL with a dimension of 20×20×360 mm3. The bending test results on teak LVL showed significantly different MOR and MOE based on length of time and pressure levels of pressing.
Viking Şehri Birka ve Hâkānü Rûs
Authors: ŞAN Erman
Published: January 2021

İbn Rüste’nin (ö. 301/913 sonrası) el-A‘lâku’n-nefîse’sinde Rusların hükümdarlarından Hâkānü Rûs (خاقان رُوس) şeklinde bahsedilir. Bu ifadenin tam olarak karşılığı “Rus Hakanı” veya “Rus Kağanı”dır. Bunu destekleyen ve hatta tamamen aynı manaya gelen bir diğer ifadeyse, IX. yüzyılda Latince kaleme alınmış olan Annales Bertiniani isimli anonim kronikte bulunur. Burada 839 yılı olayları aktarılırken, Doğu Roma İmparatoru Theophilus’a (829-842) elçilerini göndermiş olan kuzeyli bir hükümdardan da Rhos chacanus yani “Rus Hakanı” veya “Rus Kağanı” şeklinde bahsedilir. Bu noktadan itibaren konuya dair asıl mesele, şayet hâkān ve chacanus birer özel isim değil de unvansa, söz konusu Rhos veya Rûs yöneticisinin Avrasya bozkırlarına ve bilhassa Türklere ait olan kagan () unvanını kullanmasının mantıklı bir açıklamaya ihtiyaç duymasıdır. Konu hakkında hâlâ tam bir mutabakat sağlanamamış olmasına rağmen, Erken Rus tarihinin en önemli yazılı kaynakları olma özelliğine sahip Ortaçağ İslâm tarih ve coğrafya literatüründe bulunan başkaca bilgiler söz konusu karışıklığa açıklık kazandırma noktasında önemli bir rol oynar. Bu kaynaklardaki bilgiler de göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, söz konusu Hâkānü Rûs’un İsveç’teki Björkö adasında bulunan ve Viking Çağı’nın ilk şehri olan Birka’nın yöneticisi olduğu kanaatinin ağır bastığı söylenebilir. Zaten araştırmacıların vurguladıkları gibi, İslâm kaynaklarında Rûs denilmekle kastedilenler de tam olarak Birka’nın da dâhil olduğu bölgenin İskandinavları idiler. VIII. yüzyıldaki kuruluşunun ardından IX. yüzyıl ortalarından itibaren önemli bir siyasî ve ticarî merkez olarak parlayan Birka’nın krallar tarafından idare edildiğine dair IX. yüzyılda kaleme alınmış Vita Anskarii’de de güçlü emareler vardır. İşte bu krallar, güneye inen Rûs tüccarlarının en önemli ticarî ortakları olan Hazarları aradan çıkarmaya çalışmış gibi gözükmektedirler. Çünkü kontrol ettikleri coğrafya nedeniyle Hazarlar, İskandinavya gibi kuzey memleketlerinin değerli ürünlerinin güneydeki İslâm ve Doğu Roma diyarlarına taşınması konusundaki en önemli aracılardı. Hatta Ortaçağ İslâm tarihçilerinin ve coğrafyacılarının da belirttiği gibi, Hazar Kağanlığı’nın gelirlerinin neredeyse tamamı, söz konusu ticarette oynadıkları aracılık sayesinde elde edilmekteydi. Bu aracılığa bir son vermek isteyen Birka yöneticileri ya da Hâkānü Rûs’u, Müslümanlar ve Doğu Roma nezdinde kendilerini, kağana sahip bir kağanlık olarak lanse etmiş olmalıdırlar.
Las leyes de la didáctica y la realidad escolarizada. ¿Necesidad de cambio?
Authors: González Hernández Walfredo
Published: January 2021

Se realiza un análisis de la formación de las ciencias y de la didáctica, así como su categoría fundamental. Se hace un análisis de las leyes de la didáctica y su carácter parcial en la explicación de los fenómenos de la realidad escolarizada, cuestión esta que lleva a definir dos nuevas leyes de esta ciencia.
Programa de Aprendizaje en Multigrado: una experiencia de mejora educativa en el estado de Puebla
Authors: Mejía Botero Fernando , Olvera López Adriana , Estrada María del Mar
Published: January 2021

A lo largo y ancho del planeta hay suficientes experiencias exitosas de educación multigrado que demuestran que esta no puede ser atendida desde la perspectiva de escuelas incompletas (Little A., 2006). En sí mismo el multigrado es un modelo educativo, que entre otras, ha enseñado a las escuelas graduadas elementos importantes (trabajo colaborativo, adecuación de aulas para acceso a materiales, entre otras). El Programa de Aprendizaje en Multigrado (PAM) es un modelo de aprendizaje que busca la mejora educativa en escuelas de organización multigrado, que ocupan un lugar importante dentro del Sistema Educativo Nacional y que constituyen una proporción considerable de escuelas en el país. Se gesta en el estado de Puebla, a partir de la implementación del modelo colombiano Escuela Nueva, y se adapta retomando las experiencias exitosas que las y los docentes mexicanos realizan en su trabajo cotidiano. El PAM ha transitado por distintas etapas, y los resultados de las evaluaciones que se le han realizado evidencian un impacto favorable en la organización y gestión escolar, así como en el aprendizaje del alumnado.
La identidad docente de los profesores de educación media superior. El caso del colegio de bachilleres de Chiapas
Authors: Alfonzo Albores Iris , Avendaño Porras Víctor del Carmen
Published: January 2021

Se presentan datos obtenidos en el proyecto de investigación denominado “La identidad docente de los profesores del Colegio de bachilleres de Chiapas”. Se analizan las razones por las cuales los profesores han elegido entrar y seguir en la profesión docente, así como el grado de motivación con el que se desempeñan, algunas ideas sobre esta profesión y sus necesidades actuales de formación. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio de tipo cuantitativo, con diseño transversal, y se implementó un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta adaptada a docentes del nivel medio superior, en el que nos enfocamos, permitió recuperar información que nos acerca a sus concepciones y nos posibilitan visualizar e interpretar cómo se construye la identidad en un colectivo importante de docentes expuestos constantemente a cambios en las políticas educativas, a fenómenos sociales y de desarrollo tecnológico.
El incómodo lugar de la educación pública en el sistema educacional chileno. Análisis sociohistórico del proceso de decaimiento de la educación pública chilena
Authors: Barrientos S. Pablo , Ilabaca T. Tomás
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo es un análisis sociohistórico de la relación entre la educación pública y la educación privada subvencionada en Chile, con énfasis en las últimas tres décadas y en las consecuencias de las políticas implantadas en el último periodo para la educación pública. Dicha relación se ha configurado en dos grandes etapas de la historia chilena: 1) la historia educativa previa a la dictadura militar, donde la educación pública poseía una alta valoración social y tenía el rol de educar a la mayor parte de la población (Estado docente), mientras que la educación particular poseía una menor relevancia, y 2) posterior a la reforma realizada por la dictadura (1973-1989) donde se pone a competir bajo las reglas del mercado tanto a la educación pública como a la privada, siendo esta última la gran favorecida. Las consecuencias son la segregación, la desigualdad de oportunidades y la búsqueda de distinción que vienen a agrandar las desigualdades sociales del país. Por último, se revisarán las llamadas políticas de focalización y las políticas que engloba la Reforma educativa del segundo gobierno de Michelle Bachelet.
Educación Superior en la Unión Europea y el Mercado Común del Sur. Situación hasta 2008
Authors: Pintos Saraiva Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo no pretende ser una producción historiográfica de dos Procesos de Integración Regional (PIR), sobre casi medio siglo de acciones en materia de educación dentro de lo que es hoy la Unión Europea (UE) por un lado, y el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) por otro; tiene por finalidad, ponderar una aparente falta de medidas en los orígenes de la primera, articular la creación de infraestructuras citando algunas experiencias de ambas, y poder hilvanar la complejidad del todo, para producir algún aporte al estado de la cuestión dentro de la variable educativa en los PIR mencionados. Se centrará el análisis en la Educación Superior de ambas, y rozará el Nivel Medio en Latinoamérica; franja esta, donde la exclusión social replicó especialmente. Cabe aclarar, que cuando se haga referencia al“ahora”,“actualmente”o“hasta el momento” como límite temporal, estaremos hablando de finales de 2008.
Valor pedagógico de las narrativas escolares. Configuración de currículos regionales
Authors: Espinosa Torres Iván de Jesús , Pons Bonals Leticia
Published: January 2021

Se cuestiona el papel acrítico que ha asumido la escuela al alejarse de la realidad regional y se plantea la necesidad de resarcir esta relación. Para ello se propone la configuración de currículos narrativos regionales que respondan a condiciones, procesos y relaciones in situ; reconociéndose el valor pedagógico de las narrativas escolares al colocar en el centro del proceso educativo las preocupaciones/problemas, afectos y condiciones de los personajes involucrados en cada narración. Al narrar sus experiencias, los actores escolares (docentes, estudiantes, madres/padres de familia, comunidad/región) develan los significados culturales, posiciones, relaciones de poder, conflictos y sentidos que definen las acciones en un contexto regional, dejando al descubierto los ejes que dan sentido a un currículo alternativo. Para explicar la propuesta que posibilita transitar de un currículo técnico a un currículo narrativo regional, en la primera parte del artículo se expone el carácter regional y el valor pedagógico de las narrativas escolares; en la segunda, los componentes y ámbitos involucrados en la configuración curricular: el gubernamental, relativo a la política educativa; el escolar, referente a la praxis escolar; el familiar, que se produce/transforma de diversas formas; y, el regional, que alude a los significados culturales que distinguen a una región de otras.
Principios e implicaciones del Nuevo Modelo Educativo
Authors: Ortega Estrada Federico
Published: January 2021

Este documento analiza los principios pedagógicos que están presentes en los enfoques que se enuncian en el Nuevo Modelo Educativo 2016 (NME) y en la Propuesta Curricular (PC): el aprendizaje profundo, el aprendizaje situado, el aprendizaje significativo y el aprendizaje socioemocional. Se realiza un análisis de las implicaciones de llevar a la práctica dichos enfoques en el marco de la realidad de las escuelas públicas del país. Para ello se recuperan otros ejes de política que se exponen en los documentos, tales como la educación de calidad como un derecho constitucional, la educación inclusiva con equidad y el tema de las barreras de aprendizaje.
Factores que inciden en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Universidad Politécnica del Valle de Toluca
Authors: Chong González Elizabeth Guadalupe
Published: January 2021

Se realizó un estudio con alumnos universitarios de la UPVT, para examinar sus contextos universitario y familiar, sus percepciones acerca del apoyo que les brinda su familia, los problemas que enfrentan en su proceso académico, las expectativas propias y las familiares hacia su carrera. Los datos muestran que existe relación entre el apoyo que los estudiantes perciben y su desempeño académico, así como la importancia que tiene incluir a la familia para promover y elevar el rendimiento académico, abatir la deserción y el abandono de sus estudios. Se proponen algunas actividades para lograr la participación de la familia en el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes a fin de coadyuvar a mejorar su desempeño escolar.
El desarrollo de la planta docente propuesto por la RIEMS
Authors: Guzmán Marín Francisco , Díaz Orozco Gabriela , Soto Moreno Gabriela Berenice
Published: January 2021

La investigación que sustenta el presente artículo comprende tres dimensiones: primero, el análisis hermenéutico de los documentos de la RIEMS; segundo, la contrastación crítica entre la oferta de capacitación docente para la EMS, las competencias docentes y las necesidades de los profesores de este nivel educativo y, tercero, la ponderación, también crítica, del desarrollo de las prácticas educativas en tres centros escolares, pertenecientes a distintos subsistemas del bachillerato en el estado de Michoacán. El presente constituye parte de un primer informe de investigación más amplio y expone los primeros resultados del análisis hermenéutico de los documentos que fundamentan la aplicación institucional de la RIEMS, así como de las políticas generales de la formación continua de los profesores para este nivel educativo, las implicaciones profesionales que comportan las ocho competencias docentes y su relación con las once implicadas en el perfil de egreso que propone la misma reforma educativa.
Didáctica de confrontar y convenir
Authors: Ibarra Rivas Luis Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

Esta propuesta didáctica responde a la añeja interrogante ¿cómo educar? Su oferta parte de reconocer la importancia del conflicto en el aula. Lo caracteriza como desafío e incidente crítico. Educar se forja, precisamente, al dialogar, confrontar y convenir sobre lo que es motivo de desasosiego docente. Para orientar el diálogo sobre divergencias, dificultades o desafíos, inicialmente, se enuncian elementos de modelos didácticos: tradicional, escuela nueva, tecnología educativa, escuela crítica, métodos inductivos y constructivistas. Luego, para comprender al desafío al educar, se ofrecen bases metodológicas y otras que argumentan qué entender por sentido común, buen sentido, ciencia, filosofía, sabiduría (Sophía), prudencia (Phrónesis), arte (Techné). Sobre la base de ese racimo de argumentos ofrece pistas para confrontar desafiando ideas, sentimientos y prácticas que permitan llegar al acuerdo, a lo conveniente.
Breve caracterización del Sistema Educativo Mexicano
Authors: Backhoff Escudero Eduardo
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se describen algunas de las características de mayor importancia del Sistema Educativo Nacional (SEN) en su tramo de educación básica: el contexto social en que se desenvuelve, el tamaño, dimensión y diversidad de las poblaciones que atiende, las inequidades en la oferta educativa, las características de sus docentes y los resultados de aprendizaje. Se destacan los avances que el SEN ha experimentado en los últimos años y los retos a los que se enfrenta para poder cumplir con el mandato constitucional de ofrecer una educación de calidad donde todos los niños y jóvenes del país logren el máximo aprendizaje posible. Se hace énfasis en que la gran deficiencia que tiene la educación de México tiene que ver con los bajos resultados de aprendizaje.
El Banco Mundial y la política educativa para Colombia y Brasil
Authors: Remolina Caviedes Juan Francisco
Published: January 2021

El artículo discute la ideología subyacente a las políticas evaluativas de Colombia y del Estado de Minas Gerais en Brasil. Estudio crítico apoyado en la pesquisa bibliográfica y el análisis documental, bajo la perspectiva del materialismo históricodialéctico y de los estudios históricos comparados. Los resultados de investigación demostraron que el Banco Mundial condiciona y determina las políticas educacionales de ambos sistemas escolares utilizando el discurso democrático de la gestión escolar. El artículo concluye que la lucha de este organismo financiero contra la pobreza consiste en utilizar la ideología gestiocrática a fin de ocultar y perpetuar las diferencias individuales y colectivas generadas por la miseria y la opresión, consecuencias del actual modelo de producción y consumo.
Formación de investigadores educativos en Chiapas: realidades y falacias
Authors: Acuña Gamboa Luis Alan
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo tiene la intención de posicionar la Formación de Investigadores Educativos (FIE) como eje principal para la realización de Investigación Educativa (IE) en Chiapas, puesto que ésta es una de las líneas con menor producción de conocimiento en el campo educativo, lo cual se comprueba con la revisión actual de su estado del arte (2003-2016). Con base en las categorías “prestigio educativo” y “oferta de doctorados formadores en IE”, se analizaron los procesos de cuatro universidades de la entidad (tres privadas y una pública) sobre los que se aleccionan a los futuros investigadores en educación, así como la postura que sus egresados han construido de dichos procesos. Para ello se contó con una muestra voluntaria de 40 estudiantes y 20 egresados y, con base en los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que la oferta privada de posgrados responde más a los modelos económicos globales (mercantilización educativa) que al interés por desarrollar capital humano de alto nivel como lo define el discurso político oficial mexicano; mientras que, para el sector público, se preveía un 2017 lleno de recortes presupuestales que tienen como objetivo descentralizar estos niveles formativos al pecunio de los interesados.
Predictive Value of Creatinine-based Equations of Kidney Function in the Long-term Prognosis in United Arab Emirates Patients
Authors: Al-Shamsi Saif , Govender Romona D. , King Jeffrey
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent predictor of mortality. Several creatinine-based equations are used to assess the estimated glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance and mortality prediction in various ethnic populations. Similarly, renal insufficiency is associated with poor prognosis of UAE nationals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, the equation that best assesses prognosis among these patients is unknown. This study aimed to compare the prognostic abilities of different creatinine-based kidney function equations for predicting all-cause mortality in UAE nationals with vascular comorbidities. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 1186 patients (54.0% men) with CVD risk factors. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of categorical renal function stages with all-cause mortality. Measures of performance in each equation assessed with respect to all-cause mortality were evaluated and compared to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation by calculating the C-index, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination index. Results: Over a median follow-up of 8.9 years, the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was 9.4% (n = 112). After multivariable adjustment, the discriminative ability for all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the body surface area-adjusted Cockcroft-Gault (BSA-CG) formula than in the CKD-EPI equation (C-indices: 0.869 vs. 0.861, respectively, p =0.037). NRI was significantly positive and favored the BSA-CG formula (0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.64) compared to the CKD-EPI equation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the BSA-CG equation may have the potential to slightly improve mortality prediction compared to the CKD-EPI equation in UAE nationals with vascular risk. Further large multicenter studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Canada
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: January 2021

This Technical Note on Financial Safety Net and Crisis Management for the Canada examines systematic liquidity issues. The review evaluated the Bank of Canada’s (BOC’s) operational framework and its ability to manage liquidity conditions in normal times and in times of stress. The review also assessed the functioning and resilience of key funding markets in Canada. The paper highlights that the BOC’s framework for market operations and liquidity provision in normal times is comprehensive and well-articulated. System-wide liquidity conditions are stable, market rates are closely aligned with the announced policy rate, and the BOC has many channels to provide liquidity against a broad range of collateral. Foreign exchange markets appear liquid, and their resilience is increasingly important given the growing reliance on external, foreign-currency funding. Contingency plans for market-wide liquidity support regarding intervention in securities markets and provision of foreign-currency liquidity should be developed further and tested.
Republic of Croatia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: January 2021

This 2019 Article IV Consultation with the Republic of Croatia discusses that it experienced its fifth consecutive year of solid economic growth, once again driven largely by private consumption and tourism. Employment gains have been robust, wages have continued to rise, while import prices have helped to keep inflation muted. Increased absorption of European Union funds is likely to raise public investment in the coming years. In conjunction with continued strong consumption, the current account surplus is expected to decline, and turn into a moderate deficit, while economic growth moderates. Both public and external indebtedness are expected to continue their declining trajectories. The pace of fiscal consolidation in 2019 continued to slow, with the budget estimated to be close to balance. Contingent liabilities could also pressure budget balances in the coming years.
Active phytochemicals present in the Guava Tree (Psidium Guajava) leaf Extracts that grow in Uganda.
Authors:   , serunjogi David
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background: The Guava tree is small in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. It contains a high content of organic and inorganic compounds like secondary metabolites such as antioxidants, polyphenols, antiviral compounds, and anti-inflammatory compounds. Such chemicals are produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism whereas Guava products have been used as a source of medicine and while they have proved to work effectively, little is known about the composition of such plant origin products from Uganda. Methodology: The maceration method of extraction was used to obtain the guava extract. The leaves were crushed into a powder using a blender and 20g of the powder was added into differently labeled beakers containing 100mls of distilled water and 100mls of increasing concentration of methanol from 30%, 50%, and 70%. The analysis involved Saponins, Phenols and Tannins, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, and Glycosides, and Laboratory tests are done included the Ferric Chloride test, Shinoda test, Salkowski test, Concentrate H2SO4 test, and Foam test. Results and discussion: Phytochemicals (Saponins, Phenols and Tannins, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, and Glycosides) are present in the leaves of the guava tree (Psidium guajava) that grows in Uganda. Psidium guajava extract obtained using distilled water contained all the phytochemicals tested apart from terpenoids which showed a negative test result. Methanol of increasing concentrations can also be used to extract phytochemicals from the leaves. Conclusions and recommendations: It’s now evident that the Guava tree that grows in Uganda contains phytochemicals (secondary metabolites). Water and methanol of 30%, 50%, and 70% can be used for extraction. Future detailed studies in Africa should focus on the purification of these active secondary metabolites and also determine their concentration. Other parts of the plant such as its bark, roots, and fruits need to be studied.
Investigation of Hyperglycaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal at Mulago Hospital, Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kawempe.
Authors:   , Matsiko Muhoozi Derek
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background: This study aimed at establishing the prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy among women attending treatment at antenatal care at the Directorate of obstetrics and gynaecology at Kawempe under the following objectives; to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy, to establish the factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and experimental in design that recruited 333 participants from age 18 years and above. The consented participants filled a questionnaire that was taking history and demographics. A blood sample was taken for blood glucose testing and a urine sample was also collected. Data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS 17.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis was used to determine prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy Results: Laboratory tests revealed that the prevalence of hyperglycemia was 25.3% (84). The following factors were significantly associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy; age37 years and above (p-value 0.013* OR 2.34), and high Body Mass Index (BMI) (p-value 0.002* OR 3.744). Gravidity of 3-4 times (p-value 0.003*OR3.782), >=5 times (p-value <0.001*and OR3.099), parity of >=5 children (p-value 0.003*OR 3.642), first degree hyperglycaemia (P-value <0.031*OR 5.152), high blood pressure during this pregnancy (0.012*OR 3.622) and high blood pressure while not pregnant (p-value 0.012*OR 1.274). Conclusion and recommendations: Gestational hyperglycemia is common among women attending care at the directorate of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Kawempe. the commonest factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy are high Body mass index, history of hypertension, history of hyperglycemia, high parity high gravidity, there is no relationship between hyperglycemia and sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, and syphilis.
Occurrence of Proteinuria and its Predisposing Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic at St. Francis Hospital Nsambya.
Authors:   , Edward Munyaga John , serunjogi David
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background: Proteinuria refers to a condition where more than trace amounts of proteins are found in normal urine. Proteinuria is a defining dysfunction of pre-eclampsia Proteinuria is one of the cardinal indications of pre-eclampsia, a common and severe complication in pregnancy. Also, there are several factors responsible for its occurrence among pregnant women. The study aimed to establish the occurrence of proteinuria among pregnant women and to establish the predisposing factors of proteinuria among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in St. Francis Hospital Nsambya. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study where qualitative and quantitative data was collected. Participants’ urine samples were taken off and analysed macroscopically, protein detection using uristics, and 25% SSA and then microscopic examination done once they had consented. Results: Out of 96 participants, the occurrence of proteinuria was 9.4% (p = 0.094) and it was increasing with the increase in the age of the pregnant women. The predisposing factors to proteinuria in pregnancy were urinary tract infections (88.9%) (p = 0.889), hypertension (11.1%) (p = 0.111) and gestation age. Conclusion and recommendation: Clients who receive antenatal care services in St. Francis Hospital Nsambya antenatal clinic should routinely be screened for proteinuria. Wider research about proteinuria among pregnant women should be done to establish a more nationalistic occurrence. Health education should emphasize the importance of pregnant women reporting urinary tract infections after being empowered with its signs and symptoms even without pain. This is because urinary tract infections can lead to complications in pregnancy and could become fatal.
Staining Cells with Extracts Prepared from Flowers of Bougainvillea X Buttiana.
Authors:   , Towet Paul
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background: Staining is the application of dyes to specimens to impart colour to cells through a chemical reaction. The study aimed at finding plant extracts to stain human blood cells, stem sections of Amaranthus species, Gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology: Healthy mature flowers of Bougainvillea X buttiana and Amaranthus species plants were picked from gardens around the University of Kisubi. Bracts of Bougainvillea X buttiana were separated from other flower parts and air-dried. Both negative and positive controls for cells were prepared. Results: White blood cells, platelets, and cells of Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus did not stain under all treatments with the extracts while human red blood cells and stem sections of Amaranthus species stained under certain treatments with the extracts. The extracts were more successful in staining stem sections of Amaranthus species as compared to human red blood cells where staining occurred in very few circumstances. Stem sections of Amaranthus species required shorter to stain effectively while human red blood cells required longer to stain effectively. Conclusion: Extracts of the bracts of Bougainvillea X can be experimented with various cells when their pH is neutral and alkaline.
IMPACT OF GROWTH AND DENSITY OF POPULATION ON DEMOGRAPHIC
STRUCTURE OF DISTRICT ALLAHABAD (U.P)
Authors: TRIVEDI MAHIMA , KUMAR PRASHANT , RUDOLA ANITA
Published: January 2021

India is the second-largest populous country in the world. Population plays a vital role in any country. India is not only rich in natural resources but also blessed with human resources. Population growth of any area is an index of economic development, cultural background, historical event, social awakening and political ideology. In our country, the population increased at a rapid rate. This paper deals with population characteristics of the Allahabad district which mainly includes the growth of population and population density of Allahabad district. This paper is purely based on secondary data of Census 1991, 2001, and 2011 and shows the data through charts and graphs.
QUALITY OF EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN
PAURI GARHWAL
Authors: SINGH P .D. , MANHAS A. S. , GUSAIN S.
Published: January 2021

Education is that thread which ties the society with the discipline and knowledge. Role of education is experienced universally which transforms societies in a fastidious way and leading to the sustainable development. It is essential to development of any nation. It is the backbone of development and is critical for improving the
ability of the human beings to handle environmental and development issues for which basic education is a foundation of environmental knowledge and higher education needs to be integrated as an important part of learning. Education sustains the human values which contribute to individual and collective well-being. Education can
enhance the effectiveness of each policy instrument by developing information engagement, agency and empowerment among all affected stakeholders. Education can build a drastic change that is sustainable change because it is created by the learner and reaches hearts and minds. Education can also sustain different human values that can collectively contribute to well beings of individuals and the society. It is the basis for increasing confidence for facing challenges and lifelong learning deeds that can achieve every goal of the individual building. The definition of quality education is different from person to person. There are many important factors responsible for
quality of education for example teacher pupil ratio, infrastructure of the school, expenditure of the school on various teaching aids and projects, etc. Major problems of quality education are; limited policy relevant knowledge, policies related to quality education are not based on thorough research, Absence of standardized outcome measures and absence of highly skilled researchers and research capacity in general.
Present study is supposed to focus on quality parameters of education that can help achieve goal 4 of sustainable development goals therefore the purpose of this study is to give a brief review of quality parameters of education and status of sustainable development goals in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand.
MNREGA'S CONTRIBUTION IN JOB CREATION - AN ANALYSIS (WITH SPECIAL REFERNCE TO RUDRPUR DEVELOPMENT BLOCK, DISTRICT UDHAMSINGH NAGAR)
Authors: PAL CHANDRA
Published: January 2021

Most of the population in India lives in rural settings. There are roughly six lacs and thirtyeight thousands villages where employment could not be generated due to non utilization of natural resources. As most of the population depends on agriculture, the tendency of unemployment is mostly visible.Viewing the problem of unemployment and
lack of basic facilities for a common folk, the Goverment of India launched a scheme on 2nd February, 2006 from Anantpur District in Andhra Pradesh, which can provide limited employment. The scheme was named as Mahatma Gandhi National employment Guarentee Scheme (MNREGA). Under this scheme more than 5 lacs people get
employment. In the present communiation an attempt has been made to analyse the contribution of MNREGA scheme in employment generation in Rudrpur development Block in District Udhamsinghnagar in Uttarakhand.
Armenian Population Numbers in the Sandjak of Sghert in the Bitlis Vilayet of Western Armenia on the Eve of the Armenian Genocide
Authors: Tatoyan Robert
Published: January 2021

The article attempts to enumerate of the Armenian population of the Sanjak of Sghert in the Bitlis vilayet of Western Armenia on the eve of the Armenian Genocide. For this purpose 1) a general overview of the history of the administrative-territorial division of the sanjak is presented for the period preceding the Armenian Genocide (1878- 1914), 2) the main Ottoman, Armenian, Russian and Western primary statistical sources on the size of the Armenian population of the sanjak are collated and presented for the period 1878-1914 and a general description of these data is given, 3) statistical data on the Armenian population have been collated and compared according to the small administrative-territorial units – the kazas of the Sghert sanjak, paying particular attention to primary statistical sources containing data on the distribution of the Armenian population by settlements. Our own calculations of the size of the Armenian population of the sanjak were made on the basis of, and through, comparison and comparative analysis of these data. According to our calculations, based on the methodology mentioned above, on the eve of the Armenian Genocide there were 143 Armenian settlements in the Sghert sanjak, with about 2,480 Armenian households or 22,350 persons, including: the kaza of Sghert - 10 Armenian settlements, 550 households or 4,950 persons, the kaza of Shirvan - 17 Armenian settlements, 200 households or 1,800 persons, the kaza of Kharzan - 76 Armenian settlements, 940 households or 8,450 persons, the kaza of Erouh - 26 Armenian settlements, 510 households or 4,600 persons and the kaza of Bervari - 14 Armenian settlements, 280 households or 2,550 persons.
MONITOR JARINGAN KOMPUTER BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN CACTI
Authors: Hidayat Akik , Rizki Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Penggunaan jaringan komputer sudah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan masyarakat di era digital ini. Implementasi jaringan komputer sudah dilakukan di berbagai tempat. Mulai dari rumah pribadi, sekolah, kantor, dan tempat hunian seperti indekos. Di indekos sendiri banyak peraturan yang harus diikuti oleh penghuninya agar tidak mengganggu kenyamanan penghuni lain, terutama peraturan yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan jaringan komputer tersebut. Peraturan yang biasanya diberlakukan adalah batasan penggunaan jaringan komputer yang berlebihan seperti aktivitas download. Hal tersebut diterapkan di indekos Pondok Malaka Indah, Jatinangor. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah sebuah aplikasi monitoring jaringan komputer berbasis web yang menggunakan Cacti untuk menampilkan grafik yang akan di-monitoring. Aplikasi akan menampilkan grafik penggunaan traffic jaringan komputer indekos dan hanya bisa diakses oleh seorang administrator dalam hal ini pemilik indekos. Aplikasi ini diuji menggunakan automated testing, usability testing, dan black-box testing. Hasil usability testing dilakukan terhadap pemilik dan penghuni indekos dengan hasil 82,5% terhadap penghuni dalam hal kenyamanan dan kegunaan serta 71,25% terhadap pemilik indekos dalam hal kelakayan dan kemudahan penggunaan. Hasil pengujian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi monitoring ini sudah layak untuk diimplementasikan di dalam jaringan komputer indekos.

Kata kunci – jaringan komputer; monitoring; aplikasi web, Cacti 
Effectiveness of Combination Myofascial Release and Kinesio Taping Intervention on Range of Motion Improvement in Elderly with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Afif Zainuri Wafiq  , Atika Yulianti
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Knee Osteoarthritis is a condition that frequently occurs in elderly which has a major impact on the elderly’s disability. As a degenerative disease, knee osteoarthritis occurs due to cartilage damage which is then accompanied by inflammation, pain, stiff joints and muscles thereby limiting the range of motion. This research aims to compare the effect of Kinesio taping and a combination of myofascial release and Kinesio taping intervention on ROM improvement in elderly with knee osteoarthritis.Methods: This study applies a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent group approach. Goniometer is applied as a measurement instrument. 25 people participated in this study who were recruited through purposive sampling. The sample was then divided into 2 groups which were given treatment 3 times a week in one month. The control group with Kinesio Taping treatment consisted of 14 samples and the case group with a combination treatment of myofacial release and Kinesio taping consisted of 11 samples. Furthermore, data analysis was performed with the Shapiro Wilk test, Wilcoxon rank test, and the Mann-Whitney test using SPSS version 25.Results: The comparison test results show that the significance value of p yields 0.6> 0.05, therefore H1 is rejected, and H0 is accepted. The interpretation of these results is that there is no significant difference between the effects of Kinesio taping and the combination of myofacial release and Kinesio taping on increasing ROM in the elderly with the risk of knee osteoarthritis.Conclusion: This study shows that there is no significant difference in the effect of the treatment of Kinesio taping and the combination of myofacial release and Kinesio taping in increasing ROM in the elderly with osteoarthritis.
Knee Spine Syndrome Mechanism in Knee Osteoarthritis: Review Article
Authors: Kurniantara I Made Buda , Triwahyuni Gusti Ayu Alit
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritis and one of the main causes of disability. This injury can occur in any joint, but the most common OA occurrence globally, especially in Indonesia, is Knee OA (KOA). Damage caused by KOA's degenerative process affects the knee and affects the surrounding structures, such as the lumbar vertebra, which increases symptoms of low back pain (LBP). The occurrence of symptoms of LBP is thought to be caused by knee spine syndrome, which is a condition reduced lumbar lordosis angle due to the degenerative phase of KOA. the mechanism of this syndrome has not yet been discussed in detail, so further discussion is needed in the future.

Methods: We searched articles using a list of keywords, including "knee osteoarthritis and low back pain", "knee osteoarthritis and knee contracture", "knee contracture and muscle weakness", "knee contracture and spinal alignments", "knee osteoarthritis and spinal alignment", "knee osteoarthritis and sagittal spinal alignment", and "muscle activation and spinal imbalance" on the data sources of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The argumentative, descriptive analysis was used for the data analysis technique.

Results: Based on the literature search, the author found four related articles. This study provides evidence of the effect of KOA on lumbar proprioception. These articles explained that an impact on knee posture could have long-term effects both in the spine and pelvis, such as lumbar lordosis.

Conclusion: Knee spine syndrome results from a reduced angle of lumbar lordosis, increasing pressure between discs, which might increase LBP symptoms. In the future, it is hoped that there will be studies that raise the relationship between KOA and symptom of LBP.
TEST
Authors: Thompson Adrienne
Published: January 2021

TEST
Mapping U.S. Multinationals’ Global AI R&D Activity
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Heston Roxanne
Published: January 2021

Many factors influence where U.S. tech multinational corporations decide to conduct their global artificial intelligence research and development (R&D). Company AI labs are spread all over the world, especially in North America, Europe and Asia. But in contrast to AI labs, most company AI staff remain concentrated in the United States. Roxanne Heston and Remco Zwetsloot explain where these companies conduct AI R&D, why they select particular locations, and how they establish their presence there. The report is accompanied by a new open-source dataset of more than 60 AI R&D labs run by these companies worldwide.
“Cool Projects” or “Expanding the Efficiency of the Murderous American War Machine?”
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Aiken Catherine , Kagan Rebecca , Page Michael
Published: January 2021

Is there a rift between the U.S. tech sector and the Department of Defense? To better understand this relationship, CSET surveyed U.S. AI industry professionals about their views toward working on DOD-funded AI projects. The authors find that these professionals hold a broad range of opinions about working with DOD. Among the key findings: Most AI professionals are positive or neutral about working on DOD-funded AI projects, and willingness to work with DOD increases for projects with humanitarian applications.