bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade in Cotton Fabrics in Moscow in the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Ulianova Galina
Published: December 2024

The textile market in nineteenth-century Russia was extensive, with Moscow trade occupying a pivotal position. According to expert estimates, the Nizhny Novgorod Fair accounted for 40–45 percent of trade turnover. In addition, Moscow wholesale contracts and supplies, as well as retail trade in the metropolis with its own population of between 275,000 and 400,000 people before the 1861 Reform, reached 35–40 percent. The extensive and varied trade in fabrics and yarns in Moscow was shaped by the city’s role as a hub of the textile industry. This article represents the first comprehensive examination of the trade in cotton fabrics based on an analysis of archival documents, including published registers of factories and plants, indexes of manufacturing exhibitions, and materials from Zhurnal Manufaktur i Torgovli. Thе Kitai-gorod as a commercial area, situated near the Kremlin and Red Square, constituted a significant textile sales cluster. Manufacturers from Moscow, Vladimir, Kaluga and other provinces transported their goods to this location, which subsequently underwent distribution throughout Russia. The research is centred on the examination of various aspects of trade statistics, the assortment and classification of cotton goods, the correlation between merchant status and factory ownership, the topography of trade and the type of fabrics. The elite group of merchants belonging to the highest First and Second guilds has attracted considerable attention. The research findings indicate that during the first half of the nineteenth century, the Kitai-gorod district, along with the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, was the most significant location for the cotton trade. Manufacturers from various provinces, especially Moscow and Vladimir, had their own sales points and established clientele in Moscow. The findings significantly enhance our historical understanding of consumption patterns during the early decades of the nineteenth century.
The Word Lost and Found: Speech, Silence, and Muteness in Old Russian Literature
Authors: Korelina Anna
Published: December 2024

The author presents an analysis of the fundamental concepts of Christian culture, including the notions of “word,” “language,” “speech,” “speechlessness,” and “silence.” These concepts are examined in the context of Christology, Christian anthropology, soteriology, demonology, and ascetic practices, with a particular focus on their evolution during the Russian Middle Ages. This article presents a novel inquiry into the interrelationship between the most pivotal theological concepts that emerged during these periods of literary growth in the country. It is of particular interest to analyse the changes in the perception of the spiritual and social significance of human speech in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, based on previously unpublished and under-researched sermons from the collections The Feast of the Soul and Statir. The author highlights texts that concentrate on a specific form of speech condition, namely muteness. These texts illustrate how preachers employ metaphorical language to portray this concept and encourage the overcoming of mundane “muteness,” as well as the liberation from the sinful speech of pastors and laypeople of diverse backgrounds. This is perceived as a means of contributing to the objective of stabilising social relationships. It is not the intention of this article to provide a comprehensive account of the historical development of the motifs of gaining the gift of speech and muteness in Old Russian literature. However, it is hoped that this publication will serve to direct the attention of researchers to the topic, and to highlight the principal aspects of the problem, based on the material presented in works of different genres. Of particular interest are the works of the seventeenth century, which saw the emergence of church and state documents regulating written texts and oral communication. The influence of the Church on society and state policy is further reinforced.
From Translation to ‘New Drama’: The Blue Rose in the Oeuvre of Lesya Ukrainka
Authors: Lesnaya Galina
Published: December 2024

This article examines the position of the first play, The Blue Rose, within the dramatic legacy of Lesya Ukrainka. It also considers the relationship between the history of writing the play and the author’s work on literary translations. The hypothesis put forth is that the factors that shaped the author’s concept of a modern dramatic work were the circumstances of Lesya Ukrainka’s personal life and her immersion in world literature. The recently published Complete Academic Collection of Works by Lesya Ukrainka, released in 2021 to coincide with the author's 150th birthday, offers insights into the evolution of her oeuvre. The variants and drafts of texts of fiction, translations and correspondence, as well as extensive commentaries by researchers make it possible to trace how unsuccessful theatre productions of The Blue Rose, the self-translation of the play into Russian, and her fascination with Hauptmann's dramas led the writer to create a landmark work that influenced her entire dramatic oeuvre. This analysis considers how Lesya Ukrainka, operating within the context of her era’s innovative artistic ideas, was able to comprehend them simultaneously in a variety of artistic texts, literary critical articles, and literary correspondence. Furthermore, it examines how her translation work facilitated the penetration of different cultures into each other. Subsequently, the same freedom of transformation enabled her to extend the limits of her own creative output. It can be concluded that the result of Lesya Ukrainka’s artistic search was the play The Blue Rose, which can be considered the ‘new drama’ of the fin de siècle era. The writer considered the emergence of a new type of hero, akin to that described by Hauptmann, to be a defining feature of the 'new drama', and wrote about it in her article on modern drama. The Blue Rose presents a new type of heroine, who subsequently became a central figure in the writer's dramatic works. Consequently, despite the differences between The Blue Rose and other dramatic texts, all of Lesya Ukrainka’s plays can be seen to be conceptually connected.
Correspondence between Catherine II and the Physician-philosopher J. G. von Zimmermann: New Archival Materials
Authors: Lagutina Irina
Published: December 2024

The author of this paper presents a reconstruction of the strategy of correspondence between Catherine II and the Swiss-German philosopher J. G. von Zimmermann, which spanned from 1785 to 1792. The article examines the reasons behind the shift in the nature of the empress’s letters which has never been done previously. These letters, which had previously been friendly messages between partners engaged in intellectual communication, began to take on the form of imperial rescripts. Zimmermann’s study also delved into the mechanisms behind the European reputation of Catherine II. These included her portrayal as a “philosopher on the throne” and her epithet “Cybele, mistress of the world.” This latter allegory is seen in Zimmermann’s final letter and had a significant impact on the political events of the era. By engaging in epistolary dialogue with European intellectuals who influenced public opinion, Catherine was able to develop a successful model of foreign political communication. This model allowed her to adopt and rethink the general cultural and civilizational achievements of Europe while simultaneously strengthening the political significance of the Russian Empire. Initially, Zimmermann, the author of popular philosophical treatises, was perceived by Catherine as one of her esteemed European correspondents and educators. They engaged in discussions pertaining to matters of concern to her regarding the organization of the Russian Empire, shared literary works and gifts, extended invitations to him to visit St Petersburg, and even accompanied him on a journey to Russia. However, during 1789, a clear shift occurred, associated with both the French Revolution and a reassessment of Zimmermann’s character. The French Revolution prompted a change in Catherine’s attitude towards the values of the Enlightenment, while Zimmermann’s involvement in political scandals with the Berlin circle of enlighteners led to a reevaluation of his character. From this point forward, Catherine’s correspondence exhibited a pronounced political tenor, reflecting her view of him as a confidant of King Frederick William II and a conduit for influencing Prussian foreign policy. If the entirety of Catherine’s letters were to be published from the original sources, which are housed within the Zimmermann archive of the Hanoverian Library of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, then it would be evident that Zimmermann’s letters were only partially published. This article introduces previously unpublished letters of Zimmermann, which are currently kept in the RGADA (Fund 5, Correspondence of High-ranking Individuals with Private Individuals), into scholarly discourse. Additionally, it engages with the network of his German correspondents, particularly the correspondence with the philosopher and publisher Friedrich Nicolai, which is in the Department of Manuscripts of the Berlin State Library (Fund 84, Heritage of Friedrich Nicolai).
The Narrative of the Otherworld of Old Russian Literature: Centre and Periphery
Authors: Kozhevnikov Mikhail
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the portrayal of other worlds in Old Russian literature, delineating the fundamental categories of such depictions, including the concept of the blessed land, the earthly paradise and the earthly hell, the heavenly paradise and the underworld hell. The objective of this article is to identify and analyse the various images of other worlds that emerge from a comparative analysis of a range of medieval Russian texts, which encompass different origins, genres, and historical periods. The author identifies the principal constitutive elements of the images of otherworldliness in specific texts and subsequently establishes the connection between these elements and the text’s content, as well as the associated type of otherworld. The list of integral constituent elements is composed based on both the methodology of hierotopy and other scholarly works attempting to identify distinctive traits characteristic of different types of the literary otherworld, most notably studies by M. Himmelfarb, M. Rozhdestvenskaya, and A. Orlov. The principal sources consulted in the preparation of this paper are Old Russian apocalypses and accounts of journeys to earthly paradise. Old Russian literature is regarded as a product of the paradigmatic medieval mindset, which is characterised by a hierarchical nature and an integrated worldview. It is proposed that the texts presenting the most detailed accounts of other worlds, referred to as the ‘core texts’, may have served as the basis for the images of other worlds found in the much more numerous ‘peripheral texts’. These latter texts may take place in or make reference to other worlds, but do not describe them in detail. The principal discovery resulting from the analysis of the core texts is the consistent correlation between a set of essential elements that comprise a given image on the one hand, and, on the other hand, a corresponding type of otherworld that is depicted in a text along with its content. The images of other worlds that are presented in all the core texts are demonstrated to be highly stable, which suggests that these images remained stable within the broader context of Old Russian literature as well.
Absolute Monarchy and Usefulness: Feofan Prokopovich and Gottlieb Samuel Treuer
Authors: Kiselev Mikhail
Published: December 2024

This article examines The Justice of the Monarch's Will (1722) by Feofan Prokopovich (1681–1736) as a political work of a transitional period. It combines innovative reasoning about monarchy based on natural law with arguments about God-given authority based on references to the Bible and theological texts. This makes it a political work of great significance for understanding the evolution of Russian political culture in the early eighteenth century. In accordance with the findings of S. V. Polskoi and E. Sashalmi, the pivotal ideological source of The Justice was the handwritten translation of the work of the German lawyer G. S. Treuer (1683–1743), Untersuchung nach dem Recht der Natur (An Inquiry according to Law of Nature), published in 1718, and this rationalistic argumentation was predominant in Feofan Prokopovich’s treatise. It is demonstrated that the manuscript of the translation was received by the Academy of Sciences only in 1742, and there is no evidence to support the assertion that it belonged to the library of Peter the Great. A comparative analysis of An Inquiry and The Justice shows that Treuer and Feofan Prokopovich had serious conceptual differences. According to Treuer, the emergence of absolute monarchy was associated with the low qualities of the subjects or their degradation, in connection with which the people ceased to be as an actor for him. In the view of Feofan Prokopovich, the advent of absolute monarchy was the result of a contract between the monarch and the people, who were motivated by self-interest and retained their agency even after the agreement. Nevertheless, it became evident that this subjectivity was constrained by the will of God, which was perceived as the authority of the monarch. In this section, the perspective of The Justice aligns closely with that of Ivan IV the Terrible, rather than with the ideas of European lawyers. This resulted in the establishment of a super-absolutist monarchy, in which theology held a primary position. It is probable that, because of this, the argumentation of The Justice did not undergo further development in post-Petrine Russia, where secular argumentation was given precedence.
Lieutenant General Ivan Popko on the State and Prospects of the Kars Region of Armenia in the Russian Empire (1878)
Authors: Muradyan Hakob
Published: December 2024

This article presents a detailed description and analysis of the report by the head of the Kars region, Lieutenant General Ivan Popko, on the state of the Kars region from 1878. A copy of this significant document and report is housed in Yerevan at the archives of the Lazarev at the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran, folder 131, case 113, document 11–28). The primary document, designated as 11, is comprised of 17 chapters. Document 12, the Appendices to the Report on the State of Kars Region as of April 12, 1878, consists of 18 chapters and appendices (not including the map of the region with the delineation of district and regional boundaries). The Report provides a comprehensive account of the geographical boundaries of the Kars region, a detailed topographical outline, data on the region’s climate, and population demographics. It also offers insights into the economic activities, transportation networks, communication systems, postal and telegraph services, public education, religious and political beliefs of the population, as well as the regional tax and duty structures. In the context of historical analysis, it is crucial to acknowledge that the Report provides a comprehensive account of the internal structure of the region in terms of administrative and judicial relations during the era of Ottoman rule. Additionally, it elucidates the characteristics of governance in the Kurta ashires (societies). The Report is undoubtedly one of the most reliable primary sources on the history of the Kars region.
A Chinese Author’s Perspective on 20th-Century Russian Literature
Authors: Xingkun Man
Published: December 2024

This review offers a critical analysis of Wang Jiezhi’s scholarly book, History of Modern Russian Literature, which is of great importance in the study and comprehension of the evolution of Russian literature. The objective of this paper is to discuss the value and significance of the book, focusing on three key aspects. Firstly, the book is examined in terms of its ability to fill research gaps. It does so by not only providing a summary of existing works but also by offering detailed descriptions of writers and works that have received insufficient attention. This serves to establish a foundation for further research. Secondly, it examines the structure of the history of Russian literature, considering both the horizontal progression of the timeline and the vertical development of scholarly works. Finally, it examines the new perspectives and ideas presented in History of Modern Russian Literature, offering profound insights. In this way, the paper elucidates the reasons for selecting this book, highlights its merits, and provides suggestions for further improvement. In conclusion, it can be stated that the History of Modern Russian Literature has had a significant impact on the study of modern Russian literature. This is due to the comprehensive presentation of the subject matter, the in-depth analysis of literary works and writers, the exploration of the relationship between literature and its social context, and the bridging of academic gaps. The book provides scholars with a comprehensive and profound understanding of the development of twentieth century Russian literature, thereby contributing to the advancement and progress of the field.
Orthodox Monasticism in Changing Times: The View from Nizhny Novgorod
Authors: White James
Published: December 2024

The late American scholar William G. Wagner (1950–2021) has posthumously published a monograph dedicated to Orthodox female monasticism in the Russian Empire. At the centre of the work is the Nizhny Novgorod convent of the Exaltation of the Cross, extant in one form or another from the seventeenth century until 1935: thus, Wagner’s scholarship seeks to contribute to the growing historiography on Russian Orthodox monasticism in the imperial period. Using both central and local archival deposits, Wagner highlights the relationship between the convent and the modernising state and society around it. In the eighteenth century, the convent was transformed by state policies that sought to simultaneously limit monasticism, make monasticism socially useful, and subject monasticism to increased levels of both government and ecclesiastical control. Meanwhile, the social composition of the convent’s sorority suggests its close links with the commercial city of Nizhny Novgorod, with a preponderance of members being widows or older unmarried women from the merchant, army, and clerical estates. In the first half of the nineteenth century, consecutive abbesses successfully enforced the convent’s transformation from an idiorhythmic to a coenobitic community: this period also saw the convent offer new social welfare services and develop its financial resources through the creation of an endowment. By the early twentieth century, the convent had become one of Nizhny Novgorod’s largest and richest monastic communities, patronised by the imperial family, the city’s wealthy capitalists, and a wide variety of pilgrims. Through its successful combination of innovation and tradition, the convent became a strongly bound religious community thoroughly integrated with surrounding society, which enabled it to survive for seventeen years of severe restriction in the militantly atheist Soviet Union.
Functional Plant Substrates in Sourdough Fermentation: Hops, Kombucha, and Grape Pomace
Authors: MAINO Maria-Luissa , MARC Alina Romina , MUREȘAN Carmen Crina
Published: December 2024

Sourdough fermentation represents a cornerstone of traditional and modern baking, offering enhanced flavour, texture, and nutritional benefits. With the increasing demand for sustainable and functional food products, plant-derived substrates have emerged as transformative tools in artisanal and industrial bread production. These ingredients address critical challenges such as microbial stability, shelf life, and sensory quality while contributing unique biofunctional properties like antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects. Despite their promise, challenges such as bitterness from hops, phenolic inhibition in grape pomace, and the scalability of kombucha starters underscore the need for precise optimization strategies. Emerging biotechnological approaches, including encapsulation, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering of microbial strains, are explored as solutions to maximize the efficiency and consistency of these substrates. This review provides a roadmap for integrating plant-derived fermentation substrates into sustainable baking practices, with implications for meeting consumer preferences and advancing functional food innovation.
Modern Insights into Breeding of Medicinal Plants for Health and Industry
Authors: ONA Andreea D. , MUNTEAN Leon , BERINDEAN Ioana , COSTIN Alexandru D. , RACZ Ionut , POPA Mihai
Published: December 2024

An essential source of natural medicines, medicinal plants have a long history of usage in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses. Some of the secondary metabolites produced by plants as a defence mechanism against biotic and abiotic challenges are used to treat health affections. Considering the importance of medicinal plants primarily for their therapeutic qualities, this paper reviews the traditional and modern breeding methods of medicinal plants. Most plant cultivars today are products of traditional breeding techniques, such as selection, hybridization, mutagenesis, and polyploidy. Nevertheless nowadays, the use of molecular markers assisted selection or genetic editing techniques are promising tools in improving plant resistance to environmental stress factors and increasing concentrations of bioactive compounds. Integrating modern breeding technologies with ecological cultivation and conservation strategies is the key to the long-term sustainability of medicinal plants. Some examples of these include increasing genetic variety in crops grown for medicinal purposes, protecting natural habitats, and using sustainable forms of agriculture. To maintain the original identity and characteristics of local plants, research must focus on using local genetic resources as the initial material for use in breeding programs. Improved varieties of medicinal plants can hence be created that display increased disease resistance, higher productivity, and/or improved efficiencies in bioactive compound synthesis, which would greatly influence the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Polyphagous Insect Pests of Medicinal Plants
Authors: RĂU Ximena-Denisa , BUNESCU Horia , DRĂGAN Diana , HULUJAN Ionuț , MARA Arnilva , FLORIAN Teodora
Published: December 2024

This current review describes the morphology of some polyphagous species of insect pests affecting medicinal plants, their life cycle, host plants, form of damage and biological management. The described insect species are part of the following orders: Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Dipera. All species are distributed in Europe, but can also be found in other continents. Defoliation is the most common type of damage caused by adults and larvae (or nymphs) but additional types of damage have also been reported. In order to control them, biological measures have to be taken, chemical control being unsuitable for medicinal plants. This bio-management can be achieved through pathogens of the insect pests, such as fungi and parasitoids.
Impact of Organic Fertilization on Polyphenolic Content in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) Genotypes from Romania
Authors: COȘERAN Mihaela Anca , BENEDEC Daniela , HANGANU Daniela , NECHITA Vlad , NECHITA Mihaela-Ancuța , TOIU Anca , ONIGA Ilioara , CONSTANTINESCU Emilia , ONA Andreea D. , DUDA Marcel
Published: December 2024

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is a major source of active principles, but also a plant that perfectly meets the needs of sustainable agriculture. The present research analyses the efficiency of organic fertilization for the increase of active principles in the fruits of milk thistle cultivated in the area of Măciuca, southern Vâlcea County, Romania. The aim of this work was the spectrophotometric determination of the total polyphenols content (TPC) of five different genotypes of milk thistle (Prahova, a1; Secuieni, a2; Iași, a3; Dacia Plant, a4; Brașov, a5) both unfertilized, and treated with organic fertilizers. Significant quantitative differences were identified between the five populations of Silybum marianum, the genotypes "Dacia Plant" fertilized and "Prahova" unfertilized presenting the highest TPC (18.87 mg GAE/g, 18.15 mg GAE/g, respectively). Fertilization did not necessarily have an impact on the accumulation of polyphenols in the fruits, but the climatic and soil conditions, as well as the genetic background being able to influence the quality of the milk thistle fruits.
Public Perception of Red Clover’s Uses in Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacy
Authors: COSTIN Alexandru D. , ONA Andreea D. , BOANTA Ancuta Emilia , BERINDEAN Ioana , RACZ Ionuț , POPA Mihai , DONOGAN Carmen , MUNTEAN Leon
Published: December 2024

Red clover is an important perennial allogamous plant from the Fabaceae family that plays a significant role in agriculture, health and environmental sustainability worldwide. This study aims to evaluate people's knowledge of the medicinal properties of red clover and their opinion on its use in medicine. The study was carried out on people from Cluj-Napoca, using an online questionnaire developed in Google Forms. The survey link was randomly sent via Messenger, WhatsApp and Gmail platforms between October 1 and December 1, 2024. A total of 110 participants took part in the study. The questions from section B showed good consistency, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.723. Most respondents with high knowledge of red clover’s medicinal use were from medical (10.3%) and related fields (86.3%), and they obtained their information mostly from internet (43.6%). Most respondents believe that red clover-based medicines offer health benefits (52%) and would consider using them based on a doctor's recommendation (57%). Overall, people expressed interest in the use of red clover, highlighting the plant’s importance for health.
Comparative analysis and validation of models and criteria for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Rudakov V. S. , Sushkov A. I. , Bashkov A. N. , Gubarev K. K. , Popov M. V. , Artemyev A. I. , Kolychev I. Yu. , Muktazhan M. , Naydenov E. V. , Chuchuev E. S. , Lukyanchikova A. S. , Kalachyan A. E.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of using the most common criteria and models for predicting the survival and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in clinical practice based on own experience in liver transplantation.

Materials and methods. The single-center retrospective study included data on 70 patients who underwent transplantation from May 2010 to December 2022. Compliance with the criteria (Milan, UCSF, 5-5-500, etc.) was determined and the values of predictive models (Metroticket 2.0, Pre-ALRAL, etc.) were calculated for each observation. Survival rates, as well as efficiency of criteria and models were analyzed using sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and C-index.

Results. At the time of transplantation, the interquartile range for the number of tumors comprised 1–3, tumor sizes ranged from 1.8 to 5 cm, total tumor size ranged from 2.4 to 8.5 cm, and alpha-fetoprotein levels accounted for 14.7–150 ng/mL. During the follow-up period, hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence was recorded in 26% of patients. Disease-free and overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years amounted to 89%, 76%, 63%, and 89%, 74.3%, 68%, respectively. The F1 score and C-index for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation varied from 0.65 to 0.83, with the 5-5-500 criterion demonstrating the best performance. This criterion provided a five-year disease-free survival rate of 86% and an overall survival rate of 79%, with non-compliance leading to a decrease in survival to 33% and 46%.

Conclusion. The studied criteria and models can be used to assess the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation, although their predictive accuracy remains imperfect. An online calculator has been created to assess patient compliance with criteria and to predict disease-free and overall survival (https://nadit.ru/criterii). The development of own model and criteria within the framework of a Russian multicenter study, as well as the search for new objective methods for assessing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation, remain promising research areas.
Comparison of the results of mastering laparoscopic liver resection technology through self-learning and a mentoring program
Authors: Kovalenko D. E. , Efanov M. G.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To compare the learning curve of laparoscopic liver resection under a mentoring program with that of an expert-level surgeon who mastered the procedure independently.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the outcomes of laparoscopic liver resections performed from 2015 to 2020 by an expert-level surgeon (referred to as Surgeon 1) and a surgeon trained under a mentoring program (Surgeon 2). The CUSUM method was employed to assess changes in the difficulty score and perioperative outcomes during the surgeon training. The resection difficulty was evaluated using IWATE criteria.

Results. Surgeon 1 performed 174 operations, while Surgeon 2 performed 37 operations. The initial learning period consisted of 20 resections for Surgeon 1 and 16 for Surgeon 2, while the period of expansion of indications included resections 21 to 40 for Surgeon 1 and 17 to 37 for Surgeon 2. The two surgeons revealed no significant differences in the resection difficulty scores (p = 0.131), the intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.505), and the incidence of postoperative complications (p = 0.552) during the initial period. However, the operative time for Surgeon 1 was significantly longer than that for Surgeon 2 (p = 0.007). In the comparative analysis of the second period of learning, Surgeon 1 had a significantly higher difficulty score (p = 0.008). No differences were observed in the incidence of postoperative complications: 4 cases (20%) for Surgeon 1 and 3 cases (15%) for Surgeon 2 (p = 0.507). During the period of expansion of indications, Surgeon 2 demonstrated significantly less blood loss (p = 0.033) and a shorter average operative time (p = 0.002).

Conclusion. Learning laparoscopic liver resection occurs faster under mentoring. Learning under a mentoring program reveals a tendency towards reduced operative time and blood loss. The transfer of experience from a mentor allows for the possibility of lacking expert-level proficiency in open liver resection surgery but implies the necessity for skills in performing open resections of low and moderate complexity.
Dados epidemiológicos dos idosos adscritos em uma unidade básica de saúde da família no municipio de campina grande/pb - Brasil
Authors: Lopes da Silva Luana Maria , Da Silva Vieira Risomar , Ferreira Tomaz Alessandra , Jordão Rodrigues José Roberto
Published: December 2024

As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) são fortemente influenciadas pelas condições de vida e desigualdades sociais, acometendo pessoas que se encontram em grupos vulneráveis, a exemplo disso os idosos. O dinamismo da pirâmide etária evidencia a mudança do perfil de saúde no mundo, entretanto, concomitante a isso, políticas públicas em saúde que promovem a diminuição/prevenção das DCNT não estão respondendo as necessidades que se apresentam. Desse modo, o presente trabalho visa identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos idosos cadastrados na Unidade de Saúde da Família (UBSF) Hindemburgo Nunes de Figueiredo, no sentido de fomentar subsídios para contribuir com o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e com o cuidado direcionado para intervenções em saúde na população envelhecida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, com recorte populacional de idosos, de caráter exploratório, descritivo, analítico, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Realizada por meio de questionário próprio direcionado a coleta de dados porta a porta, envolvendo as afecções presentes na população idosa no território adscrito pela UBSF, e as condições de vida desses indivíduos. Os dados foram catalogados e analisados através do software estatístico SPSS (versão 22.0). Participaram da pesquisa 126 idosos, com 69% de mulheres, a média de idade foi de 69,6 anos (DP ± 7,36); sobre a prevalência das principais DCNT, identificou-se: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (76,2%), neoplasia (42,4%), cardiopatia (35,7%), problemas osteoarticular (39,7%), diabetes (33,3%) e pneumopatia (9,5%), ademais 73,8% recebem apenas um salário mínimo e 70% são sedentários. Conclui-se que, entre as possíveis causas das DCNT entre os indivíduos investigados estão os hábitos de vida e condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Logo, ações de investigação precoce para rastreamento das DCNT é de suma importância para o planejamento de atividades educativas preventivas e clínicas, no sentido de melhorar a qualidade de vida dessa população que cresce rapidamente.
"¡Vamos con tutti!". Programa de intervención psicoeducativa en entornos escolares para potenciar habilidades positivas en estudieantes con tdah
Authors: Paneiva Pompa Juan Pablo , Rubiales Josefina , Baker Liliana
Published: December 2024

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que posee tres características principales: desatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad. Su sintomatología se manifiesta de forma negativa en el ámbito escolar y familiar, afectando el desarrollo cognitivo, emocional y social de esta población. Su alta prevalencia, la falta de conocimiento específico en los docentes y la forma en que su sintomatología repercute de forma negativa en su desarrollo lo imponen como un desafío actual para la investigación. Se presenta un programa de intervención psicoeducativa en entornos escolares para potenciar las habilidades positivas de niños, niñas y adolescentes con diagnóstico de TDAH. Sobre las bases de la psicoeducación, el entrenamiento en regulación emocional, el abordaje del “triángulo cognitivo”, el fortalecimiento en habilidades positivas y aportes de las neurociencias se propone un abordaje integral desde diferentes perspectivas: sesiones individuales, talleres grupales, capacitación a docentes y psicoeducación a padres. Se exponen los fundamentos de la intervención, los objetivos específicos, la estructura de cada encuentro, las actividades para su desarrollo, los contenidos básicos y las Tareas Inter Sesión. La evidencia respalda la eficacia de intervenciones psicoeducativas integrales como la propuesta por este estudio. La misma no se limita a brindar herramientas para compensar aspectos deficitarios de la población con este diagnóstico, sino en colaborar con el fortalecimiento de aspectos positivos para la mejora de su calidad de vida, las comunidades educativas en general y cada familia en particular.
Violência doméstica contra a mulher no Brasil: o papel da policía civil
Authors: Aparecida Azalim Alessandra , Sani Ana Isabel
Published: December 2024

A violência doméstica contra a mulher é um problema de ordem social e o seu enfrentamento depende de uma estrutura de rede fortalecida, no qual instituições, serviços governamentais, não-governamentais e a própria comunidade devem atuar, de forma coordenada, de modo a combatê-lo. O artigo apresenta um estudo qualitativo, com carácter exploratório e transversal, que teve como objetivo geral analisar o papel da polícia civil na construção pessoal e social de (in)segurança da mulher vítima e a atuação perante o problema. Participaram no estudo 30 policiais civis, tendo a amostra sido reunida por meio de um processo de amostragem não probabilístico e por conveniência, de acordo com critérios previamente estabelecidos para a investigação. Os dados foram recolhidos através do método de inquérito por entrevista, a qual foi gravada para posterior transcrição análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados revelaram a necessidade de maior capacitação dos policiais civis para um atendimento mais especializado e humanizado das vítimas de violência doméstica. Esta atuação policial adquire relevância para a defesa de direitos humanos, para o reforço da segurança pessoal da mulher vítima e de todos os cidadãos, que buscam nas polícias um aliado no combate a esta forma de violência interpessoal.
El trauma infantil y la inteligencia emocional desde la educación transdisciplinar
Authors: Merino Lorente Susana
Published: December 2024

El trauma infantil es un grave problema de salud pública y sus repercusiones en la salud a largo plazo tienen cada vez más evidencia científica. El trauma infantil puede desregular las vías biológicas relacionadas con el estrés, incapacitando al individuo para procesar estas experiencias y, en consecuencia, produciendo un impacto duradero en etapas posteriores de la vida. La exposición a experiencias infantiles adversas se ha asociado con una peor calidad de vida y un mayor riesgo de conductas dañinas y enfermedades. Las consecuencias emocionales del trauma infantil son inevitables, y el desarrollo de estrategias educativas multidisciplinares para su afrontamiento y manejo efectivo se vuelve decisivo y urgente. Este artículo analiza las perspectivas más actuales sobre el trauma infantil, su impacto en etapas posteriores de la vida y el proceso psicosocial resultante. Finalmente, se discutirá cómo la inteligencia emocional (IE) desde la educación transdisciplinar fomenta la resiliencia a través de recursos de afrontamiento ante situaciones estresantes derivadas de experiencias traumáticas en la infancia.
The interconnection of four approaches to history in Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy: textual, narrative, epistemological and public
Authors:   The Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, Sidorova Maria A.
Published: December 2024

The narrative paradigm dominates the philosophy of history but it needs to be supplemented and adjusted. Paul Ricoeur changes this paradigm. He writes about not only the narrative but also the textual, epistemological, and public approaches to history. Using the method of philosophical reconstruction and hermeneutic interpretation, the author of the paper analyzes the interconnection between these approaches. The study reveals the inclusion of the textual approach in Ricoeur’s narrative representation of history. The article defines the narrative and textual foundations of Ricoeur’s epistemological (historiographic) approach to history. In particular, the paper has established the identity between the method of historical interpretation and the dialectic of explanation and understanding of the text. The study discusses the public approach to history as a concept of the reflection of living memory in narratives. The article proves that in Ricoeur’s philosophy the narrative definition of history is complicated by textual definition and is the basis of epistemological and public approaches to history. The results of the research can be used to study and criticize both Ricoeur’s philosophy and narrative theory of history. In addition, the established interconnection of approaches can provide a methodological basis for philosophical analysis of history. It can be applied and supplemented by the representatives of historical and philosophical sciences.
The ethno-confessional aspect of the social component of the «sustainable development of rural areas» concept in a multi-ethnic Russian region (a case study of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors:   R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Research of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gallyamov Rushan R. , Uraev Rail R. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2024

The article aims to analyze the ethno-confessional aspect of the implementation of the socio-humanitarian component of the concept of «sustainable development of rural areas» in relation to one Russian multi-ethnic region as well as to develop specific methods for its implementation. The author proposes a definition of the concept focusing on its socio-humanitarian component. Sustainable development of rural areas is understood as a targeted and systemic process organized by government agencies, businesses and civil society institutions, based on economically efficient and environmentally optimal agrarian reproduction, through a balanced development of villages, including balanced socio-economic development, in order to achieve a high-quality and continuously improving way of life, while preserving and reviving traditional ethno-cultural and ethno-religious values, harmonizing interethnic and interconfessional relations. The ethno-confessional aspect of the social content of the phenomenon of «sustainable development of rural areas» is studied using the example of one of the most multi-ethnic and multi-confessional regions of Russia — the Republic of Bashkortostan. This region is the leader in Russia in terms of ethnic mosaicism of the population and high dispersion of ethnic groups, including in rural areas. With regard to the implementation of the ethnic aspect of the «sustainable development of rural areas» concept, the following activities are proposed: promotion of ethnocultural activities carried out in villages by various amateur public organizations and associations; revival of the study of national languages in the rural education system; organization of regular ethnic holidays, festivals, competitions of ethnic songs, dances, and other similar ethnocultural events in villages. The implementation of the confessional aspect of the concept under study involves the following: revival of traditional religious organizations through the registration and construction of churches; legalization of benefits and preferences for rural religious communities; special educational programs for the targeted training of ministers of traditional confessions according to the «rural priest» principle; propaganda of traditional ethnoreligious values among the inhabitants of a given region and comprehensive support for these values.
Судебная специализация: проблемы понятийного аппарата
Authors: Замышляев Дмитрий
Published: December 2024

В статье автор предлагает уточнение подхода к соотношению базовых для изучения судебной системы понятий (судебная деятельность, судопроизводство, организационная деятельность, правосудие) в их взаимосвязи с содержанием понятий специализация, компетенция, юрисдикция и юстиция. Рассмотрены позиции российских исследователей по вопросу соотношения понятий «правосудие», «судопроизводство» и «судебная деятельность», продолжена разработка позиции, что правосудие является основной составной частью судебной деятельности. Описаны основные причины выделения видов судопроизводства и образования отдельных видов судебных юрисдикций. Описываются основные механизмы судебной специализации — выделены два вида судебной специализации (функциональная специализация внутри судебных органов и институциональная специализация в судебной системе). Раскрывается содержание институциональной специализации, которая включает и образование различных юрисдикций (видов судебных юрисдикций), и выделение отдельных компетенций внутри этих юрисдикций для специализированных судов. Автор обосновывает необходимость отграничения специализации компетенций (образования специализированных судов) от специализации юрисдикций; при этом обосновывается позиция, что специализированные суды могут существовать только в пределах отдельных юрисдикций, а сами юрисдикции, выделяемые по определенным критериям, всегда предполагают специализацию, что снимает необходимость использования понятия «специализированная юрисдикция». Исходя из этого, предлагается обоснование того, что в России специализированными судами являются суд по интеллектуальным правам, относящийся к арбитражным судам, и подсистема военных судов, относящаяся к судам общей юрисдикции. Рассматриваются разработанные в отечественной доктрине признаки судебной специализации, предлагается выделение признаков судебной юрисдикции и специализированной компетенции. Рассмотрены варианты интерпретации понятия «юстиция» применительно к описанию видов судебных юрисдикций в России. Происходящие в российской судебной системе изменения (образование специализированных судов, упразднение высшего суда арбитражной юрисдикции, отказ от создания отдельных судов административной юрисдикции и ювенальной юстиции) описываются с точки зрения процесса выработки оптимальных форм и определения пределов специализации и дифференциации судебной деятельности.
Some Remarks about Legal Systems Integrity
Authors: Antonov Mikhail
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to analyse the philosophical premises on which the idea of unity of law (the identity of legal systems) is based. In the history of legal philosophy, this idea found its main arguments in the presumption of totality of legal regulation. Such totality affected the philosophical tenets of holism, according to which law is not limited to positive-law rules and institutes. Law refers to supreme values, which supersede legal instruments created by human beings and collectives to regulate their behaviour. This argument implies that there are higher values, such as justice, good, etc., which underlie all social relations and which provide the binding force for positive law. The author argues that this line of thought is based on philosophical objectivism and naturalism, and can easily lead to the primacy of the social over the individual. To substantiate the idea of the systematicity of law, one can turn to modern debates on the logic of social cohesion and construct a legal system identity as a purely intellectual hypothesis necessary for thinking about law. This integrity can be described as a unity of discourse, or as a unity of societal practices. This reconstruction of the integrity of law can be extended by appealing to the basic ideas of the normative philosophy of law (from Hart and Kelsen to Raz and Dworkin) and is reconcilable with the conception of normative systems of Bulygin–Alchourron.