bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Effect Of Achievement Goals On Homework Behavior And Academic Emotions On Students Of Smp Negeri 1 Larantuka In East Flores Timur-Ntt-Indonesia”
Authors: TORON VINSENSIUS BAWA , BHOKI HERMANIA , KEBAN YOSEP BELEN , BEDING SKOLASTIKA LELU
Published: December 2021

Research reveals the impact of achievement goals on behavior in doing assignments and academic emotions to achieve learning goals. The study was conducted on 1200 students at SMP 1 Larantuka with the conclusion that the Achievement Goal (X) has a positive and significant effect on the behavior of doing assignments (Y) as evidenced by an error rate of 0.05 (α = 5%), the path coefficient is 0.237, the Sig value is t is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) and the adjusted R Square y value is 0.053. Achievement Goal (X) has a positive and significant effect on academic emotion (Z) as evidenced by the error rate of 0.05 (α=5%), the path coefficient of 0.379, the Sig.t value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05) and the value of Adjusted R Square of 0.141. Academic Emotion (Z) has a positive and significant effect on the behavior of doing tasks (Y) as evidenced by the error rate of 0.05 (α=5%), the path coefficient of 0.395, the Sig.t value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05) and Adjusted R Square value of 0.153. The achievement goal (X) has no significant effect on the behavior of doing the task (Y) as evidenced by a significance value of 0.076>0.05 (α=5%). Academic Emotion (Z) has a positive and significant effect on the behavior of doing the task (Y) as evidenced by the error rate of 0.05 (α=5%), the path coefficient of 0.356, the Sig.t value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05), R Square value is 0.165 and R Square value is 0.242
Team Ventures and Acquisition Exits: Are Team-Founded Ventures More Likely to be Acquired?
Authors: Soleimani Leila , Keyhani Mohammad
Published: December 2021

We investigate whether team ventures are more likely to be acquired than single-founder ventures, and if so, attempt to determine what number of founders results in the highest acquisition likelihood. Using the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) of US businesses started in 2004, our results indicate that team-founded new ventures are more likely to be acquired, and that there is a positive and diminishing relationship between team size and acquisition likelihood. This study contributes to the understanding of drivers of exit for new ventures, and opens up the new venture exit literature to future contributions of a team demography approach.
Effect of the Social and Cultural Control on Young Eastern Ethnic Minority Groups’ Online-Startup Motivation
Authors: Li Lifu , Kang Kyeong
Published: December 2021

This study is developed based on particular social and cultural backgrounds and discovers young Eastern ethnic minority groups’ (EMGs) online-startup motivation on live streaming platforms. Drawing on the Hofstede cultural dimensions, this paper explores various influencing factors, including peers’ support, conservative thinking and family support. It analyses young Eastern EMGs’ entrepreneurial motivation and behaviour based on the Stimulus, Organism and Response (S-O-R) model. Compared with traditional research models, the combination of the Hofstede cultural theory and the S-O-R model could be conducive to make the research model reflect influencing factors and present their specific relationships. By analysing 531 valid online questionnaires based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the paper proves that peers’ support and family support can reduce young EMGs’ conservative thinking and positively affect young people EMGs’ online-startup motivation. Based on the analysis results, some suggestions are provided for related departments, aiming to enhance young EMGs’ online-startup confidence.
Segmentasi Citra Pembuluh Darah Retina Menggunakan Operasi Morfologi Iteratif
Authors: Nurdinawati Vita , Hendryani Atika , Barasabha Thareq
Published: December 2021

Retinal vessel segmentation is part of the morphological extraction of retinal blood vessels that plays an essential role in medical image processing. Manual segmentation is possible to do, but it is time-consuming and requires special operators. Moreover, the possibility of variability between operators is vast. This study aims to answer the shortcomings of the manual segmentation process by automatically segmenting retinal blood vessels. The main contribution of this study is the use of a simple method to iteratively segment retinal blood vessels.Â  All processes in the segmentation are simulated using Matlab. The algorithm was evaluated by comparing the results of the automatic segmentation with 20 manually segmented images from the STARE dataset. The result show specificity 98.13%, accuracy 93.60%, sensitivity 56.42%, precision 80.48%, and the dice coefficient 64.06%. In conclusion, the automatic retinal blood vessel image segmentation process worked well.
Field-based radiotherapy using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for skin field cancerisation (SFC)–outcomes from 100 consecutive fields
Authors: Fogarty Gerald B. , Young Susan , Lo Serigne , Toole James O’ , Wanklyn Mark , Wong David , Sinclair Susan , Gottschalk Gavin , Guitera Pascale , Shumack Stephen
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Skin field cancerisation (SFC) arises from prolonged sun exposure and increases with age, especially in fair skinned individuals. Multiple areas of the skin can be involved, resulting in poor quality of life and cosmesis. Invasive skin cancer can arise causing morbidity and even death. The long-term efficacy of traditional treatments is disappointing. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) allows efficient definitive radiotherapy treatment of large convex skin fields. This retrospective, single-institution study presents a case series of 100 consecutive SFC fields in 74 patients. Methods: The first 100 fields treated with VMAT for SFC by the same clinician (GBF) were identified through departmental medical records. Patient, field, treatment, and outcome factors were collected for analysis. The date of the first consultation was collected to calculate the rate of referrals over time. Results: The first patient completed treatment in October 2013 and the last patient in May 2020. Seventy-four mostly male (84%) patients with a median age of 76 years were identified. At least 75% had previously undergone treatment for SFC and 11% were immunosuppressed. Twenty percent of patients had more than one field treated with VMAT. Ninety-three fields of keratinocytic lineage were found with most involving the legs (27), scalp (23) or nose (20). Average planning target volume (PTV) size was 175 (range 5 - 1282) cm3. Average prescribed dose was 50 (range 15 - 72) Gy, average delivered dose was 45 (range 4 - 72) Gy. Sixty-four (69%) of fields completed the prescribed course. There were 15 (16%) in-field recurrences. In-field control on an intention-to-treat basis was 89% at 12 months. For those who completed the prescribed treatment, in-field control at 12 months was 98% as compared with 71% for those who did not (p <.0001). PTV size did not impact treatment completion. In those who completed the prescribed treatment, recurrence was not associated with PTV size nor dose. The rate of referrals increased over time. Conclusion: VMAT for SFC is feasible and effective if the whole course is completed. These findings support our national protocol. More research is warranted to predict radiosensitivity so that treatment can be better tailored. Research to identify patients at risk of lower leg lymphoedema before they become symptomatic is also needed to ensure treatment completion thereby reducing the risk of recurrence.
Antiviral Effect of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Model of the Causative Agent of Bovine Viral Diarrhea
Authors:   Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Stegniy B.T. , Demchenko O.A. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Korneykov O.M. ,   Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Stegniy M.Yu. ,   Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Oleshko A.Yu. ,   Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Korneikova O.B. ,   Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Korovin I.V. ,   Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Babenko L.P. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Spivak M.Ya. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2) have a wide range of biological properties, including antiviral activity. Preparations based on cerium oxide nanoparticles can be effective against animal RNA viruses, which have the greatest epizootic significance for Ukraine and potentially against human viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In our studies, we determined the effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles on bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus that is the etiological agent of bovine viral diarrhea. To determine the antiviral efficacy of CeO2, a cytopathogenic strain of BVDV “BK-1” was used as an etiological agent of bovine viral diarrhea, which induces a cytopathic effect on cow embryo lungs (CEL) cell culture. When evaluating the antiviral efficacy of CeO2, it was determined that the MPC for CEL cell culture is 0.057 μg/cm3, and the CC50 is 0.077 μg/cm3. The antiviral activity of CeO2 was evaluated by the IC50 index, which was 0.036 μg/cm3 and the selectivity index, which after co-administration of CeO2 with BVDV was 2.14. There was a decrease in the titer of infectious activity of the virus during treatment with CeO2 by 2.09 lg TCD50/cm3.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL SSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL SECURITY LEVEL OF UKRAINE
Authors: KALINICHENKO O. , LESYUK V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. In the context of the development of globalization processes and the integration of the national economy into the global financial space, the issue of forming the financial security of Ukraine becomes increasingly important. It affects and links together all sectors of the national economy, business entities, society, politics, finance, etc.Problem Statement. At the present stage of Ukraine's economic development, one of the primary task of government policy is to ensure the financial security of the state, after all, its ensuring aims at overcoming the economic crisis and improving the well-being of Ukrainian citizens.Purpose. The assessment of the financial, monetary, and banking systems of Ukraine as well as the development of practically significant proposals are necessary for ensuring the financial security of Ukraine.Materials and Methods. The analytical material is the data of the National Bank of Ukraine, which have been studied by economic and mathematical methods, statistical and indicative analysis.Results. It has been determined that the state budget imbalance is the main destabilizing factor of the crisis in public finance. The dynamics of the number of banks in Ukraine have been studied: despite a decrease in the number of banks with foreign capital, their share in recent years has increased significantly, which hinders theeffective development of the banking system of Ukraine. A significant underestimation of the domestic currency and large-scale devaluations in the previous years created unfavorable conditions for Ukrainian exporters, which resulted in a foreign trade balance deficit, an outflow of foreign currency and, accordingly, a decrease in theforeign exchange reserves.Conclusions. The financial security strategy should determine the prospects for ensuring the stability of the financial, monetary, and banking systems and the development of the national economy. The implementation of financial, currency, credit measures, the adoption of amendments to the legislative framework, and the development of a financial security strategy for Ukraine become increasingly important, given the problems that exacerbate the financial security of Ukraine.
РЕФОРМИ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ВНЕСКІВ В ОКРЕМИХ КРАЇНАХ ЄС ТА УКРАЇНІ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА НАСЛІДКИ
Authors: Єфименко Тетяна , Соколовська Алла , Райнова Лариса
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Необхідність покращення ситуації на ринках праці та активізації підприємницької діяльності спонукає до зниження в більшості країн ЄС податкового навантаження на працю шляхом перегляду ставок соціальних внесків. В Україні основною метою відповідної реформи 2016 р. було зменшення масштабів неофіційної зайнятості й доходів.Проблематика. В окремих країнах ЄС та Україні набувають поширення неоліберальні стратегії реформування со ціальних внесків, а також трансформації систем соціального забезпечення, наслідком реалізації яких може бути по гіршення якості економічного зростання та збільшення нерівності й бідності.Мета. Обґрунтувати можливі соціальні та економічні ризики впровадження радикальних пропозицій щодо реформування єдиного соціального внеску (ЄСВ) в Україні й визначити доцільність їх реалізації.Матеріали й методи. Використано методологію Єврокомісії для розрахунку імпліцитної ставки податків на працю в Україні, методи компаративного аналізу реформування соціальних внесків в Україні та країнах ЄС; теоретичного узагальнення причин поширення неоліберальних стратегій; фактологічного і статистичного аналізу.Результати. Визначено особливості та спільні риси реформування соціальних внесків в Україні й постсоціалістичних країнах ЄС з найбільшими масштабами їх зниження. Доведено, що критичне сприйняття реформи ЄСВ 2016 р. в Україні значною мірою пов’язане зі встановленням внеску виключно для роботодавців. Обґрунтовано фіскаль ні,економічні та соціальні аспекти процесів реформування і можливі ризики реалізації в Україні пропозицій щодо скасування ЄСВ.Висновки. Найочевиднішими наслідками скасування ЄСВ в Україні можуть бути зниження рівня добробуту працюючих і пенсіонерів, зростання нерівності та бідності. Не виключені певні суперечності й в очікуваних результатах. Хоча в короткостроковому прогнозі ймовірним є підвищення темпів економічного зростання, в довгостроковій перспективі значною є загроза зниження його якості.
ЗМІНА ВІКУ МАКСИМАЛЬНОЇ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ВЧЕНОГО ДО ХХІ СТОРІЧЧЯ
Authors: Попович О.С. , Вашуленко О.С. , Костриця О.П.
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Питання відповідності сучасним реаліям уявлення про залежність продуктивності роботи науковців від їх віку, які були сформовані у минулому столітті, стають досить актуальними у зв’язку зі змінами в організації та характері дослідницької діяльності, що відбулися за останні кілька десятиліть.Проблематика. Вивчення означеного питання набуває особливої актуальності для оптимізації кадрової політики в наукових установах України у зв’язку з небажаними змінами вікової структури науковців.Мета. Дослідити динаміку публікаційної активності групи членів Національної академії наук України, які працюють сьогодні (або працювали до останнього часу) в науці.Матеріали й методи. Використано списки публікацій, наведені в біобібліографічних виданнях та інформаційноаналітичній системі «Бібліометрика української науки», застосовано традиційні методи статистичного аналізу.Результати. Досліджено зміни публікаційній активності з віком 126 членів і членів-кореспондентів Національної академії наук України, які народилися в 1920—1940 рр. Виявлено, що максимальна кількість публікацій спостерігається у віковій групі до 30 років тільки в 1,2 % вибірки; 30—34 роки — у 16,7 %, що приблизно відповідає результатамиХарві Лемана 1930-х років. Водночас для груп 35—39 років становить 34,1 %; 40—44 роки — 12 %; 45—49 років — 16 %. Нове збільшення кількості публікацій спостерігалося здебільшого через 5—10 років після першого піку, причому другий пік часом навіть перевищує перший максимум.Висновки. Вік найбільшої продуктивності для переважної більшості вчених нашого часу змістився приблизно на 30 років. Це зумовлено тим, що динаміка продуктивності роботи дослідника визначається не тільки віковою зміною фізіологічних можливостей його організму, а й характером праці, яка в сучасній науці кардинально змінилась внаслідок зростання обсягу науково-технічної інформації, ускладнення методів і технологій досліджень, поширення колективних досліджень.
ГІБРИДНІ БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛІ: СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Сич Ольга , Пасінович Ірина
Published: December 2021

Вступ. У відповідь на глобальні виклики, що стоять перед державою, з’являються гібридні бізнес-моделі, які мають характеристики приватного бізнесу та державного сектору у їх традиційному сприйнятті.Проблематика. Дискусія щодо впровадження і поширення гібридних форм бізнесу, їхніх переваг перебуває на початковій стадії свого розвитку, вона зосереджена на мотивах переходу комерційних компаній до діяльності, що традиційно здійснювалась державою або неприбутковими організаціями.Мета. Ідентифікація закономірностей, визначення мотивів створення і процесу становлення гібридних бізнесмоделей.Матеріали й методи. Нормативно-правову базу, наукові праці вчених було досліджено загальнонауковими та спеціальними методами: аналізу та синтезу — при вивченні сучасного стану та розвитку гібридних форм бізнесу, та абстрактно-логічним — при формуванні висновків.Результати. Сучасний бізнес переорієнтовується на вирішення суспільних проблем. Виникають гібридні бізнесмоделі, що поєднують в собі характеристики економічних суб’єктів різних секторів: державного (орієнтовані на вирішення соціальних і екологічних проблем) та приватного (передбачають отримання прибутку). У світі гібридні біз нес-моделі представлено суспільно-корисними корпораціями та бета-корпораціями, в яких соціальну складовувідображено у місії, прописно в статутних документах та вони є частиною операційної діяльності. Змішаний підхід до функціонування підприємств може розглядатися як продовження концепції корпоративної соціальної відповідальності, а також як спосіб системного впровадження соціальних і екологічних практик.Висновки. Проаналізований світовий досвід розвитку гібридних бізнес-моделей варто імплементувати у віт чизняну практику. На часі широка популяризація ідеї та можливостей бета-корпорацій, а також нормативно-правовеврегулювання діяльності відповідних компаній, що сприятиме найбільш ефективному вирішенню соціальних проблем, що постали перед сучасним суспільством в цілому та українською державою зокрема.
Professional Role Functions of Women in Social Service: Results of a Sociological Survey in Moscow
Authors: Vdovina Margarita V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Women predominate among the employees in the social service sector, they occupy various positions and perform relevant functions, but the specifics and problems of their work have not been sufficiently studied. Based on the materials of the conducted sociological survey, the article analyzes how social workers perform the main work tasks, how well they manage to combine professional role functions with family ones, which contributes to their satisfaction with their work.

Materials and Methods. The applied research, conducted by the author in the autumn of 2020 in Moscow, used official documents, statistical data, her own sociological survey, and a comparative analysis of the results of secondary empirical studies. 107 employees of state social service organizations took part in the survey, almost equally representing the management staff, specialists, and ordinary employees. This made it possible not only to generalize various status and gender positions regarding the role of women in the implementation of social service in the relevant institutions, but also, based on the results of the analysis, to suggest possible ways to improve the professional qualifications of female employees for more effective implementation of their work functions.

Results. A comparison of the responses of representatives of different status and gender groups showed that the range of professional functions of the object of this research is quite wide: from the head to the service personnel, from working with documents to providing specific social services to various groups of people in need or in a difficult life situation. At all the levels, women are represented in accordance with their professional and personal qualities. However, according to the self-assessment, combining professional and family responsibilities is most difficult for a female senior or middle-level manager.

Discussion and Conclusion. The author proposes to create conditions for optimizing the workload, for preventing physical fatigue and emotional burnout of women providing social services, as well as for effective combining their professional roles with family ones, and for professional development. The article will be useful to employees providing social services, those who specialize in the field of gender issues of employment, senior personnel of the social protection system of the population at the regional level, teachers engaged in further vocational education.
Corpses and the Protestant cult of the dead
Authors: Seeman Erik R
Published: December 2021

Scholars of the body and religion readily acknowledge that corpses have agency. ‘The work of the dead,’ as Thomas Laqueur puts it, includes everything from sacralizing the landscape to creating imagined communities. Scholars have been less successful, however, in documenting the continuing relations between ordinary Protestants and their departed loved ones. In their focus on cemetery designers and political leaders, historians have overlooked the spiritual journals – mostly by women – that document relations between the living and dead. This article argues that corpses were central to such relations, even for mainstream Protestants whose ministers insisted otherwise. This argument challenges the way most scholars think of Protestantism. Rather than considering it as a religion of internal beliefs and creeds, I emphasize the material and tactile foundations of Protestant belief. And rather than seeing a religion dedicated to maintaining the Reformation’s divide between the living and dead, I put relations with the dead at the heart of lived Protestantism.
CHANGES OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN LEAVES OF DROUGHT TOLERANT VARIETIES OF WHEAT FROM OLTENIA DURING VEGETATION STAGES
Authors: Babeanu Cristina , Paunescu Gabriela , Popa Daniela , Badita Alina Andrea
Published: December 2021

In Oltenia drought is becoming a major environmental constraint on crop production and one of the solicited characteristics in the present in these area is drought tolerance. With that end in view, this study aims to thoroughly experiment of investigated varieties in comparative crops in the specific pedological, climatic and technological conditions of Oltenia in order to point out the most stable and high performance genotypes. One of the earliest responses of plants to drought is the accumulation of active oxygen species such as superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygenes. Plants protect cell systems from the cytotoxic effects of these active radicals using enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbat peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and non-enzymatic antioxidants: glutathione, ascorbic acid and carotenoids. The current paper presents the changes of anti-oxidative indices in leaves of five varieties of wheat during

development time. We observed significant differences between behaviors from different genotypes.
Research on the Allelophatic Effect Between the Invasive Species Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L. (“Floarea Pustei”) and Some Agricultural Crops
Authors: HODIŞAN Nicolae , MORAR Gavrilă , NEAG Cristina-Maria
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, in the interaction between the invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) and five crop species: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa).

The tests consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from young Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. plants, as well as from different vegetative organs harvested from mature plants (roots, leaves and seeds). The results show a highly significant inhibiting effect on the germination of wheat, rye, barley and rape seeds and an insignificant one in lucerne seeds. A strong inhibiting effect upon the growth of plants in early stages of vegetation was established in wheat and rape and a stimulation of growth in the same stage of vegetation in barley and lucerne.
Research Regarding the Influence of Some Biological Factors Upon Potato Tuberisation
Authors: NEAG Cristina-Maria , MORAR Gavrilă , VÂTCĂ Sorin , TODORAN Camelia
Published: December 2021

To try to explain the biological processes that occur in the potato tuberisation we have designed several courses of study, taking in studz more factors that can influence this process. Among the biological factors that determine tuberisation process the foloowing have an important role: the variety, tuber size, preparation of planting material but also some elements of productivity as the number of main stems, number of stolons, the number of tubers, tuber weight, fraction of the size, underground mass and air mass. In this interrelation of these elements was studied in productivity that can elucidate some aspects of tuberisation biology.
Impact of Technologies of Obtaining Concentrated Fodder Upon Animal Nourishment and Environment
Authors: PĂUN Anişoara , GĂGEANU Paul , DANCIU Aurel
Published: December 2021

The elaboration of technologies for cereal seeds is funded on livestock requirements corresponding to each fodder type, according to its aim.

When we elaborate these technologies we have to take into consideration, beside the quantity aspect, the essential aspect of quality:

- quality of raw materials used in manufacturing process and of end product;

- functional quality of equipment and installations;

- quality of personnel involved in production process.

As the modern livestock aims at a sustainable development of food products by complying to food safety of those products resulted from livestock sector.

The strategy of animal feeding has a huge impact on the livestock, the animal and human health state and the environment protection.

The fodder processing and preparing are performed in order to raise their nutritive value, to increase the edibility and digestibility degree and to get some various and complete sorts of fodder recipes.

The installation for obtaining concentrated fodders-IONC- is designed to micro-farms having a livestock sector in order to supply from their own production the concentrated fodders for feeding animals and poultry, by processing according to various recipes and in the required quantities, the fodders on the farm.
Researches Concerning the Achievement of a Machine for Spreading Low Rates of Chemical Fertilizers
Authors: POPA Lucreţia , PIRNĂ Ion , VLĂDUŢ Valentin , ŞTEFAN Vasilica
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the Romanian concerns regarding the preservation of a friendly environment, by researches for achievement of a machine which can spread low rates of chemical fertilizers. It’s about the necessity to transport a great quantity of chemical fertilizer and spread it with cheep costs, during the optimal period and satisfying the agro-technical necessary requirements of the plants chemical fertilizer.
Researches Regarding Wheat Cultivation by Applying the No-Tillage System with Gaspardo Gigante 600 Sowing Machine in the Current Crisis Circumstances
Authors: ŞARPE Nicolae , POIENARU Ştefan , MASCHIO Mirco
Published: December 2021

During the ages, the superior plants from the spontaneous flora (savage form) such as wheat, barley, maize etc. grew on land that had never been ploughed. Man invented various tools to labour the land before and after sowing, for two main reasons: to fight the weeds, which are big water and nutrient consumers, and to be able to incorporate the organic and mineral fertilizers. Plant cultivation without ploughing the land is an idea that belongs to the Americans and the English and dates back in the 1930s. In England, many farmers use the no-tillage system and apply it in the following way: they treat meadows with Gramoxone and then, in autumn, they sow wheat or barley, using special sowing machines for this purpose, of course. The first experiments of this type in our country were made at the Prodagra Agricultural Company-Arad County, in the years 1999-2001, by Andru and Şarpe (2004), the 3-year average yield recorded being 4,320 kg/ha in the no-tillage system.

The experiments with wheat cultivated in the no-tillage system were continued by Nicolae Şarpe (2004) at the Chirnogi Agricultural Company from the Călăraşi County, in the specific conditions of the Flood Plain of the Danube River, the yield recorded being 4,830 kg/ha in the conventional system and respectively 4,830 kg/ha in the no-tillage system, in which the crop was sowed by means of a Gaspardo Gigante 600 sowing machine.
Impact of Drought on Yields of Field Crops Grown under Different Agroecological Conditions in Croatia
Authors: ŠIMUNIĆ Ivan , HUSNJAK Stjepan , ONDRAŠEK Gabrijel , MUSTAĆ Ivan , FILIPOVIĆ Vilim
Published: December 2021

The research goal was to investigate the impact of drought on the yields of some field crops on three different locations in two different hydrological years (2003 and 2005). Research results show that yield quantity depends on the amount and distribution of precipitation. Yield decreases are higher in case of more severe droughts, and vice versa.

With sufficient water in the soil in the dry 2003, it possible to increase crop yields from 98.1 % to 129.5 % in the Gospić region, from 44.9 % to 72.8 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. In the hydrologically more favourable 2005, yields were increased from 18.6% to 42.2% in the Gospić region, from 16.1 % to 21.9 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region.

Higher and safer yields in the studied regions can be achieved by compensating soil water deficit in all crop development stages, which requires construction of adequate irrigation systems.
The EU Policy Regulates and Controls the Farming Practices
Authors: CARLIER Lucien , ROTAR Ioan , VIDICAN Roxana
Published: December 2021

Across the world, agricultural land management has created a rich landscape

diversity. Today’s countryside is a result of farming activities over the centuries. Agriculture is the

main land user and the resulting high visibility leads to a widespread perception that "rural" matches

with "farming". Around 775 million ha land of the European Union (50%) is farmed. This fact alone

highlights the importance of farming for the EU's natural environment. Farming and nature exercise a

profound influence over each other. In the older EU member states, less than 2 % of the active people

is active in agriculture, while in the youngest ones more than 15% is involved. There is a wide range

of farming practices on very large and small farms, with or without animals, very intensive or

extensive, on flat areas or in hilly and mountain regions, very specialized or mixed farms…Therefore

the links between the richness of the natural environment and farming practices are complex. While

many valuable habitats in Europe are maintained by extensive farming, and a wide range of wild

species rely on this for their survival, agricultural practices can also have an adverse impact on natural

resources. Pollution of soil, water and air, fragmentation of habitats and loss of wildlife can be the

result of inappropriate agricultural practices and land use.

Environmental concerns play a vital role in the Common Agricultural Policy-CAP of the

European Union, which deals both with the integration of environmental considerations into CAP

rules and with the development of agricultural practices preserving the environment and safeguarding

the countryside. At the end of 2008 the EU agriculture ministers reached a political agreement on the

Health Check of the Common Agricultural Policy, published in Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2009

repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003. This Health Check will modernize, simplify and

streamline the CAP and remove restrictions on farmers, thus helping them to respond better to signals

from the market and to face new challenges. Climate change, renewable energy, water management,

biodiversity and dairy restructuring are crucial challenges for Europe's rural areas, agriculture and

forestry.

Since its foundation by 6 countries in 1957, the EU changed in many aspects and especially in

regulating and controlling agricultural matters. This contribution will give an overview of the EU CAP

by referring to the relevant Commission Regulations, Directives and Recommendations and to

documents prepared by the authors on the occasion of the 9 international symposia of the UASVM

Cluj-Napoca.
Study upon Seed Germination of Chrysanthemum Cinerariaefolium (Trev.) Vis.
Authors: ARDELEAN Anca Eva , MORAR Gavrilă
Published: December 2021

Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev.) Vis is a species known for its usage in natural control of insects, inside the house and in biologic agriculture, as well as for its usage in treatment of different affections of the human and animal body.

Aspects regarding seed germination of this species are known as being a difficult problem, specialized literature presenting different values, generally reduced.

The present study establishes germination of 1, 2 and 3 years old seeds by using classical methods in blotting paper envelopes and blotting paper layer, in Linhardt dishes.

In order to identify solutions that would contribute to the growth of germinating values, stimulating methods were tested by exposing seeds to darkness or light or by subduing them to a KNO3 and energized water treatment.

Results show a low germinating percent, between 20% and 30% for all the ages of the studied seeds. Stimulating methods do not induce an appreciable germination increase, the highest percentage (31%) being obtained by using the Linhardt dish method combined with darkness exposure and application of KNO3, 0.2% solution and by using energized water (31.75%). When coming to stimulation, best results were given by energized water treatment.
Research on the Cultivation of 8 Marigold Varieties (Calendula Officinalis L.) in Various Conditions of Fertilization in the Jucu, Cluj
Authors: DUDA Marcel Matei , BUNESCU Horia , FIŢIU Avram , VAIDA Simona
Published: December 2021

The experimental field UASVM Cluj-Napoca, from Jucu in 2008, we made some research on the behavior of eight marigold varieties in three conditions of soil fertilization with manure. The year 2008 was characterized by an amount close to average rainfall, but a mean temperature of the vegetation period increased by 6.7°C. Climatic conditions were favorable marigold cultivation.

The marigold cultivars have made a number of biometric measurements such as waist measurement of average plants, diameter of inflorescences, inflorescence mass of 100, the production of inflorescences and drying efficiency.

Plant size in the eight varieties of marigold was between 64 and 92 cm. Average diameter of inflorescences was between 4.7 and 8.25 cm. Mass of 100 marigold inflorescence ranged from 240 to 90 g and the production of fresh inflorescences was between 6,890 and 10,200 kg/ha.

Yields the largest inflorescence was obtained from cultivars „Belezza del Pacifico", "Cluj 2"and "Starsem 922", with over 9600 kg fresh inflorescences /ha. Production at marigold is strongly influenced by genotype and fertilizer. The average yield was drying 6 / 1. There is a direct correlation between size and mass of their inflorescences.
Researches on the Alternative Fuels Which Can Be Used to Motors
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana
Published: December 2021

The alternative fuels are substances or materials used as fuel, other than the old conventional fuels (oil, natural gases and coals).

The paper analyses the most important alternative fuels, such as: bio-diesel, alcohols and hydrogen, presenting at each category the main important characteristics, the advantages and disadvantages presented by them.

The methyl-ester which is known as bio-diesel can be used in all motors with ignition by compression, alone or mixed in any proportion with oil, with minor modifications at the injection system. Bio-diesel fuel assures the same motor power as oil does, having even a bigger cetanic number than the usual oil. After tests, it was observed that the consumption is also similar, at the same motor performances. The bio-diesel fuel has very good lubricant properties, such as its adding to oil leads to a better protection of the pieces in motion of the motor.

The second alternative fuel analyzed are the alcohols. The most used primary alcohol is the methanol, the most simple secondary alcohol is izo- propane and the most simple third alcohol is third-butanone. The most used alcohol as fuel is the methanol and the ethanol.

The methanol presents some disadvantages such as: the tendency of reducing the effective power, a big delay at self-ignition, the unfavorable properties of oiling, the reduced capacity of mixing with petrol fractions.

Finally, the paper presents some researches made on using hydrogen as fuel for auto vehicles motors.
Western Corn Rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Le Conte – Several Years of Research in Western Part of Romania
Authors: GROZEA Ioana
Published: December 2021

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), known as western corn rootworm (WCR), is an important pest for maize crops from Romania, after corn borer larvae. Fourteen years ago, this pest has entered in our country. Since its introduction Diabrotica v. has been spreading in western part of Romania and many investigations were started by us to understand very well the morphology, eco-biology and control of the species.

First occureance and activity period. The immature developmental stages of WCR (larvae, pupae, eggs) have been observed for the first time in Romania, in soil sample during 2000-2002. Adults’ activity developed from during June to September.The males have appeared earlier than females with approximate 4-6 days. The females have begun to lay eggs in middle of July. In soil, the larvae were observed from May to August and pupae were observed from June until August, too.

Colour variability. In monitoring activities, the most of specialists use the color criterion for establishing males and females. However, this is not so precise method, because the great variability of color what is frequently in many populations. Therefore, we tried to eliminate any doubt regarding sex ratio.

Influence of weather and geographical areas. Based on our data during 2003-2005, we can emphasize a very serious influence of air temperature and rainfall on WCR flight dynamics in adults. Regarding the altitude, we observed a decreasing number of WCR adults at once the altitude increase.

Control strategies. In preventive control avoiding monoculture play a main role, because the larvae survived only maize roots. Some researches realized in western part pointed efficacy of seed treatments (using imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiametoxam) against larval populations. Very important is using a chemical product (thiametoxam) against adults (like an additionally product). From an-polluting method may mention follows: pheromone traps, color traps, autochthonous natural enemies. The spider species Argiope bruennichi (Araneae:Araneidae) and Theridion impressum (Araneae:Theriidae) are able to diminish significantly population of adults, especially in appearance of maize silk.
The Biochemical Confirmation of Salmomella and Listeria Pathogen Microorganisms from Food with the Help of Vidas and Vitek Rapid Analyzers
Authors: APOSTU Sorin , LAZAR Carmen , ROTAR Ancuta Mihaela , DUMA Mihaela
Published: December 2021

Listeria monocytogenes is widely spread in the environment and represents a potential risk when non-processed, partially processed of fermented food is consumed.

The VIDAS L. monocytogenes II test is a rapid screening test and represents an alternative to the long-term alternative identification. This test can be used for the direct screening of L. monocytogenes in the food samples and the environment.

Salmonella is one of the main causes of food toxic infection. Salmonella organisms are ubique in the environment and reach the intestine of humans and other mamals, especially domestic and predomestic (rodents), birds, reptiles and even insects.(Ancuţa M. Rotar, S. Apostu, 2009).

Detecting Salmonella using classical methods: preinrichment steps, enrichment, isolation and confirmation can last up to 5 days. The screening techniques, based on the imunoenzimatic analysis (IEA) oferring the possibility of simplifying and the accelerating the detection.

This way, the automatic IEA Salmonella VIDAS test (SLM) for detecting Salmonella in food samples and environment uses a mixture of capture antibodies with high specificity both against O antigens and H antigens, which allows the detection of both mobile and imobile Salmonella.

The VITEK 2 GP and GN cards were developed to satisfy the growing demand for quality control measures within the food industry and provide identification of organisms in just hours, while traditional methods take days to deliver results. The GN card provides automatic identification of the most significant fermenting and non-fermenting Gram -negative bacilli, including several Salmonella species and E. coli O157, in addition to the select agent organisms Brucella melitensis, Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Yersinia pestis. The VITEK 2 GP card provides rapid identification of common Gram - positive organisms, including Listeria and Staphylococcus species (bioMérieux Industry).
Ochratoxin A Occurrence in Food
Authors: FEIER Dana , TOFANA Maria
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Ochratoxin A (OA) in food based on the results of the investigation about the Assessment of dietary intake of Ochratoxin A by the population of EU Member States.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) can occur in a large variety of commodities (cereals, beans, groundnuts, spices, dried fruits, coffee, beer, wine) and, because of a carry-over effect, in milk, pig blood, liver, and kidney, and poultry meat from animals fed with contaminated feed. Because of the persistence of OTA in the food chain, exposure to the compound is a potential human health hazard. This has prompted adoption of regulatory limits in several countries which, in turn, implies the development of suitable validated and official analytical methods and rapid screening tests for cost-effective food control on a large scale.

Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC–FLD), coupled with immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up, is the most widely employed analytical technique. LC coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (MS) has detection limits comparable with those of LC– FLD and the selectivity of IAC can be achieved by tandem (MS–MS) or sequential (MSn) detection. Synthetic counterparts to natural antibodies in the form of molecularly imprinted polymers seem a promising alternative to IAC for sample preparation. New analytical approaches to rapid, low-cost screening methods, for example those based on biosensors and dip-stick-like kits, are a direction in which innovation can be expected.
The Remnant Effect of Merlin Duo and Gardorprim Plus Gold 500 SC Herbicides Applied to Coriander Crops
Authors: ŞARPE Nicolae , POIENARU Ştefan
Published: December 2021

The remnant effect of herbicides was studied by many foreign researchers: Hurle (1980), Hime et al. (1991), Wuerzer (1985). In Romania, the largest number of experiments regarding the remnant effect of herbicides based on atrazin and simazin upon various crops has been made by dr. Şarpe and his collaborators. During the past 10 years, studies have been also made regarding the remnant effect of dicamba and 2.4-D herbicides upon various crops, namely maize, sunflower, sugar beet and flax hemp, as well as upon genetically-modified peas and winter wheat.

The experiments regarding the remnant effect of Merlin Duo and Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC are the first ones of this type and unique in Romania - being carried out in the Flood Plain of the Danube River. In the years 2007-2008, experiments were performed at the Agrofam-Holding Agricultural Company from Fetesti, Ialomita County, situated in an area with alluvial soil specific to the aforementioned Flood Plain, the aim being to study the remnant effect of the herbicides Merlin Duo, which contains 37.5g/liters isoxaflutol + 375 g/liters terbuthylazin, Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC, which contains 312.5 g/liters S – metalochlor + 187.5 g /liters terbuthylazin.

The Merlin Duo herbicide was applied in doses of 3 and 6 liters per hectare, and the Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC was applied in doses of 5 and 10 liters per hectare. Both herbicides were applied in July, after the wheat was harvested. After application, the herbicides were incorporated by disking 15-18 cm deep into the ground. In the autumn of the year 2008, before the winter wheat was sowed, the land was labored 10 cm deep by the disk and the combinatory. Based on the observations made every month during the vegetation stage and on the yield obtained, the authors have reached the conclusion that the Merlin Duo and Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC did not present any remnant effects on the alluvial soil from the Flood Plain of the Danube river.
Analytical Determination of Carotenoids in Inland Ocimum Basilicum L.
Authors: MATEA Cristian Tudor , SORAN Maria Loredana , PINTEA Adela , BELE Constantin
Published: December 2021

The analysis of carotenoids presents in inland Ocimum basilicum L. irradiated in a microwave field was performed in this study. The extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were obtained with Ultraturrax in water: acetone (10 + 90, v/v) mixture, stirring 2 h. The extracts were analysed using a Jasco V-530 UV-VIS spectrophotometer and a Shimadzu HPLC equipped with PDA detector, for carotenoids identifying.

The HPLC analyses were performed on YMC C30 column, 5 μm, 250 x 4.6 mm, using a linear gradient of two different solvents mixtures A – methanol : methyl-tert-butyl-ether : water (81+15+4, v/v) and B with the sames component but in the follow range 6+90+4, v/v were the solvent mixtures used as mobile phase. The linear gradient was 1%B to 100%B in 90 min. The carotenoids identification was performed using the standard solutions.
Pedometric Techniques in Spatialisation of Soil Properties for Agricultural Land Evaluation
Authors: TANASĂ Iuliana Cornelia , NICULITĂ Mihai , ROŞCA Bogdan , PÎRNĂU Radu
Published: December 2021

Agricultural land evaluation plays an important role in the pedologic and economic foundation of a sustainable agricultural practice and management. Usually, the agricultural land evaluation framework use soil, environment and land improvements data for computing an index of suitability for various agricultural uses.

Because of the punctual availability of soil data, we investigated the use of pedometric and geostatistical techniques (multiple linear regression, logistic regression, kriging) for their spatialisation, to be used further, for computing the suitability index, according to Romanian Agricultural Land Evaluation Methodology. The pedometric techniques were applied to a soil legacy database (620 described soil profiles with analytical data covering 15 villages from Iasi County, made by Iaşi Office for Pedology and Agrochemistry. The results are promising, but the quality of results, depend on the quality and quantity of soil data.