bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growing a nuclear star cluster from star formation and cluster mergers: The JWST NIRSpec view of NGC 4654
Authors: Fahrion Katja , Böker Torsten , Perna Michele , Beck Tracy L. , Maiolino Roberto , Arribas Santiago , Bunker Andrew J. , Charlot Stephane , Ceci Matteo , Cresci Giovanni , De Marchi Guido , Lützgendorf Nora , Ulivi Lorenzo
Published: May 2024

We present a detailed study of the centre of NGC 4654, a Milky Way-like spiral galaxy in the Virgo cluster that has been reported to host a double stellar nucleus, thus promising a rare view of ongoing star cluster infall into a galaxy nucleus. Analysing JWST NIRSpec integral-field spectroscopic data in combination withHubbleSpace Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 imaging of the inner 330 × 330 pc, we find that the NGC 4645 nucleus is in fact more complex than previously thought, harbouring three massive star clusters within 32 pc of the centre. Maps of infrared emission lines in the NIRSpec spectra show different morphologies for the ionised and molecular gas components. The emission from molecular hydrogen gas is concentrated at the nuclear star cluster (NSC) location, while emission from hydrogen recombination lines is more extended beyond the central cluster. The velocity fields of both gas and stars indicate that the three clusters are part of a complicated dynamical system, with the NSC having an elevated velocity dispersion in line with its high stellar mass. To investigate the stellar populations of the three clusters in more detail, we used surface brightness modelling to measure their fluxes from UV to mid-infrared wavelengths. This information, together with spectroscopically derived extinction values, are then used to fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the clusters. Two of the clusters are UV-bright and well described by single stellar populations with young ages (∼3 and 5 Myr) and relatively low masses (M* ∼ 4 × 104 M⊙andM* ∼ 105 M⊙, respectively), whereas the central cluster is much more massive (M* = 3 × 107 M⊙), and cannot be fitted by a single stellar population. Instead, we find that the presence of a minor young population (∼1 Myr,M* ∼ 3 × 104 M⊙) embedded in a dominant old population (∼8 Gyr) is required to explain its SED. Given its complex composition and the close proximity of two young star clusters that are likely to merge with it within a few hundred million years, we consider the nucleus of NGC 4654 a unique laboratory to study NSC growth from both in situ star formation and the infall of star clusters.
Comparison of the Happiness Level of Farmers at Suburban Villages with Farmers at Remotes Villages
Authors: Ibrahim Jabal Tarik , Mufriantie Fithri , Amir Nur Ocvanny , Hariyady Hariyady , Fauzi Kamarudin Mohammad
Published: May 2024

The study aims to analyze the level of happiness of farmers at two villages The research was conducted at X village, Pare sub-district, Kediri Regency (a suburban village), and Y village, Ngancar district, Kediri Regency (a village far from the city center or rural villages). The two villages have different geographical, topographical, cultural, and central commodities. The number of respondents who have been taken is 50 people in each village, so the total is 100. Data were collected by interview using a questionnaire, in-depth discussion, and documentation. The data analysis is descriptive quantitative analysis and the average difference test (unpaired t-test). The results showed that the happiness of farmers in remote areas, who grew pineapples on mountain slopes was higher than food crops farmers in lower plains and on the outskirts of cities with urban infrastructure. Of the 20 indicators of happiness, 18 indicators score significantly higher in farmers who are far from cities, live in the mountains, and grow pineapples. Only two indicators have the same score (i.e., optimism in achieving life goals and satisfaction with religious activities). Life satisfaction, feelings, and meaning of life for farmers remotes villages that live on mountain slopes, pineapple farmers feel more satisfied.
Advanced Studies of Inert Landfill Fine Fraction Mass – Hunting for Values from Waste
Authors: Burlakovs Juris , Ozola-Davidane Ruta , Vincēviča-Gaile Zane , Subchi Thontowi Djauhari Nur , Tonda Rusli , Fauzi Ahmad , Adinurani Praptiningsih Gamawati , Zekker Ivar , Zahoor Muhammad , Shah Luqman Ali , Purbajanti Endang Dwi , Suherman Suherman , Farzana Afrida Rizka , Sulistyoningrum Delfy Diah
Published: May 2024

The maintaining solution for keeping and storing waste over the last century has been landfilling as its costs are the lowest. A sustainable approach such as Landfill Mining (LFM) can be applied to recover Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and other valuable metals from waste that make fundamental assets in terms of economy and essential for developing industrial technologies. This study investigated concentrations of REEs and other metals in waste material. Samples from Ida-Virumaa (Estonia) landfilled waste fine fraction was taken to see the element concentration proceeded through sequential extraction. Additionally, the method of clay modification was developed that may serve as a sorbent to extract the REEs from the inert landfill fine fraction waste using hydroxyapatite modified clay. The amount of REEs might become of industrial interest if a feasible landfill mining approach for remediation of landfills and degraded industrial soils would be applied together with innovative recovery methods, e.g., sorption by modified clays.
The Effect of Coconut Water and Temperature on Carrageenan Extraction
Authors: Harini Noor , Izzah Lathifah Nur , Winarsih Sri , Ikarini Imro’ah , Hanif Zainuri , Ashari Hasim , Jan Asad
Published: May 2024

Eucheuma cottoni J. is one type of seaweed that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. The economic value of seaweed can be increased by processing seaweed into semi-finished products such as carrageenan. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the amount of coconut water as a solvent and extraction temperature on the characteristics of carrageenan. This research consists of two stages. The first stage is carrageenan extraction using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The results of the observational data obtained will be processed using analysis of variance with confidence levels = 5 % and 1 %. Significantly different treatments will be subjected to further statistical tests using DMRT (Ducan’s Multiple Range Test) with a significance level of 5 %. The results showed that the best treatment for carrageenan extraction was obtained from the amount of coconut water 25 mL g-1 and the extraction temperature of 90 °C with a yield value of 52.95 %, gel strength of 483.86 g cm-2, viscosity 50 cP, and water content 6.87 %.
Lessons from Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA) Best Practices for Sustainable Fisheries Development in Indonesia
Authors: Suryawati Siti Hajar , Muliawan Irwan , Wijaya Rizki Aprilian
Published: May 2024

This study examines the application of the concept developed in the last decade, namely the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA). This approach balances social goals with human state and their interactions with ecosystem. The EAA is a strategy for integrating activities within the wider ecosystem in such a way that it promotes sustainable development, equity, and resilience of interlinked social and ecological systems. Case studies in three locations, namely Pinrang, Aceh Besar and South Lampung, were conducted to draw lessons in order to formulate a general framework for wider application in this country. The potential application of the concept was examined based on the following aspects: (i) ecosystem sustainability, (ii) justice welfare, and (iii) good governance. Data were collected through surveys guided with previously designed questionnaires, invlolving 179 respondents selected purposively from exixting shrimp cultivator. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the Stata software. Results showed that there was a difference between weights determined in the technical guidelines and those resulting from PCA, which was indicated by various existing conditions in research location. This is a significant finding that is relevant in in developing EAA in Indonesia.
Study of the existence of cultivated agarwood plants (Aquilaria malacensis) as an effort to preserve the environment around the forest
Authors: Latifah Siti , Codilan Analyn L. , Hasnanda Syahputra O. K. , Kustanti Asihing , Rama Novelyta Br Sembiring Grace , Cahaya Ningrum Tatasari , Ismi Mumtahanah Daulay Nabila
Published: May 2024

Cultivation of agarwood plants (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamrk.) on community plantation forest (HTR) land is an effort to optimize land use. The agarwood plant is a type of plant that produces agarwood sapwood and essential oils. The research aims to obtain information on the presence of A. malaccensis in Community Plantation Forests in Bahorok District, Langkat Regency. The research used a field survey method on plots measuring 20 x 20 with a total of 12 plot units. Each plot was measured to obtain data on diameter, height, number of trees, and stand density. Meanwhile, information about the benefits of its existence was obtained from interviews with gaharu farmers and key informants. The research results showed that the density of gaharu stands became smaller as the age of the plants increased. The diameter range of A. malaccensis is 4.6c m - 42.6 cm, while the height ranges from 3m -18.5 m. The diameter and height of A. malaccensis tend to increase with increasing plant age. Planting A. malacensis trees by forest farmers is an effort to preserve the environment around forest areas.
Exploring the Triad: pH, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Characteristics of Peat Soils in Humbang Hasundutan Regency
Authors: Patumona Manalu Sarah , Sabrina T. , Anggia Sari Yasmine
Published: May 2024

Peat soil is a soil with low nutrient content, due to the weathering process of organic materials in peat land not taking place well. The characteristics can be observed in its physical, chemical, and biological properties. This study aimed to determine the chemical characteristics of peat soil in the Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The chemical characteristics of peat soils include the degree of acidity (pH), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Peat soil samples were obtained from Lintong Ni Huta District, Dolok Sanggul District, and Pollung District. The results of the pH parameter testing in the Lintong Ni Huta District, Dolok Sanggul 1 District, Dolok Sanggul 2 District, and Pollung District were 4.56, 4.42, 4.61, and 4.68, respectively. Testing of N parameters on peat soil showed that the peat soil originating from Lintong Ni Huta District was 0.7387%, Dolok Sanggul 1 District was 0.6738%, Dolok Sanggul 2 District was 0.4657%, and Pollung District was 0.8352%. Testing of the P parameters on peat soil showed that the peat soil originating from Lintong Ni Huta District, Dolok Sanggul 1 District, Dolok Sanggul 2 District, and Pollung District were 0.2951 %, 0.3995 %, 1.4903 %, and 1.252 %, respectively.
Impact of Debris and Non-Debris Flow in Flood Damage at River Confluence, Case Study of Miu-Tuva River Confluence
Authors: Sinema Telaumbanua Mayjen , Oktariyanto Nugroho Eka , Kardhana Hadi , Ismaun Muhamad , Pondaag Ricky , Ekamarta Rimamunanda , Nurkhaerani Fatma , Syah Barran Roesbianto Azman , Mahmoud Mostafa Mona
Published: May 2024

Hydrodynamic flow is the flow and its properties that move in a natural or artificial condition. While in natural conditions, the flow event that often occurs in the flow of water by carrying material particles with various gradation sourced from the catchment area. The large concentration of material in a body of water will influence the shape of the river’s cross section for a certain period of time until it reaches an equilibrium condition. The purpose of this paper is to determine the hydrodynamic pattern that occurs at the confluence of the Miu River and Tuva River which is caused by fluid flow in non-debris (Newtonian) and debris flows (Non-Newtonian) so that control of the destructive power of water in the river can be optimized. The velocity of non-newtonian flow (debris) is lower than that of newtonian flow (water) because the viscosity of non-newtonian flow (debris) is higher than that of newtonian flow. On the other side, with the incoming discharge flow from the tributary, the velocity at the river cross section tends to increase on the far side of the direction of the incoming tributary flow.
Analysis of the Probability of Driving Distraction for Motorcycle Riders in Medan City
Authors: Nurul Huda Listiani , Radot R Rhyval
Published: May 2024

Driving distractionis an activity carried out while driving that causes a division of concentration which can increase the risk of an accident. This research was conducted to determine the probability of motorcyclists engaging in driving distraction according to predetermined conditions. The types of distraction studied were the distraction of using cellphones and talking to passengers. Questionnaires were distributed and direct observations were carried out to obtain the results of mapping driving distraction among motorcyclists in the city of Medan. The results of data analysis using the logit and Probit models show that when driving is distracted using a cellphone is significantly influenced by the variables Driving Time, Weather, Driving Speed, Road Conditions, and Route Type. Meanwhile, distraction from talking to passengers is significantly influenced by the variables weather, driving speed and traffic situation. The conditions that have the most potential for driving distraction to occur are: driving situation in the morning, sunny weather, low speed, road conditions without potholes, smooth traffic situation, 1 lane 2 lane 2 direction undivided type, and quiet road shoulder situation.
Crossing Borders: 95. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie vom 8. bis
11. Mai 2024 in Essen
Authors: Lang Stephan
Published: May 2024

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

liebe Leser,

kontinuierlich entwickeln wir in unserem Fachgebiet innovative Lösungen und
Behandlungskonzepte für unsere Patientinnen und Patienten. Hierfür ist die
fachübergreifende Zusammenarbeit elementar wichtig. Das Tagungsmotto „Crossing
Borders: interdisziplinär, international, interaktiv“ der 95. Jahresversammlung
der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und
Hals-Chirurgie betont die Relevanz von fächerübergreifender Kooperation und
globalem Austausch. In diesem Jahr finden erstmals Joint Meetings mit der
European Laryngological Society (ELS) und der Rhinoplasty Society of Europe
(RSE) statt. Ebenso sind die American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck
Surgery (AAO-HNS) und die Confederation of European Otorhinolaryngology – Head
and Neck Surgery (CEORL-HNS) in das wissenschaftliche Programm involviert. Die
interdisziplinär gestalteten Referate bieten Einblicke in neueste Entwicklungen
u. a. auf dem Gebiet der Kopf- und Hals-Onkologie, Schädelbasis- und
Orbitachirurgie. Sie stellen eine großartige Gelegenheit dar, eigenes Wissen zu
erweitern und sich über die neuesten Erkenntnisse auszutauschen.
Rekonstruktive Chirurgie des laryngo-trachealen
Übergangs
Authors: Sittel Christian , Koitschev Assen , Schön Carola , Reiter Karl
Published: May 2024

Der laryngotracheale Übergang ist eine anatomische Region mit
pathophysiologischen Besonderheiten. Vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit stellt
Krankheitsbilder und Fehlbildungen vor, die sich im Kindes- und Jugendalter als
auch bei Erwachsenen prädilektiv an dieser Lokalisation manifestieren. Das
diagnostische Vorgehen wird erörtert. Die Möglichkeiten der operativen
Rekonstruktion werden in Abhängigkeit von Pathologie und Lebensalter des
Patienten dargestellt.
Interdisziplinäre Therapie der Erkrankungen der
Orbita
Authors: Eckstein A , Welkoborsky H.-J.
Published: May 2024

Die Diagnostik und Therapie von Erkrankungen der Orbita ist eine
interdisziplinäre Aufgabe, an der u.a. die Fachdisziplinen HNO-Heilkunde,
Augenheilkunde, Radiologie, Strahlentherapie, MKG-Chirurgie, Endokrinologie und
Pädiatrie beteiligt sind. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel stellt eine
Zusammenstellung der häufigsten Erkrankungen dar, mit denen die Fachdisziplinen
HNO-Heilkunde und Augenheilkunde interdisziplinär befasst sind. Es werden die
akuten entzündlichen Erkrankungen incl. orbitaler Komplikationen, die
autoimmunologischen Erkrankungen der Orbita incl. der endokrinen Orbitopathie,
und die tumorösen Erkrankungen besprochen. Neben der Diagnostik und der
Beschreibung der Klinik wird besonderes Augenmerk auf die interdisziplinäre
Therapie gelegt. Abgerundet wird der Übersichtsartikel mit der Beschreibung der
wichtigsten chirurgischen Zugangswege zur Orbita, ihre Indikationen und mögliche
Komplikationen. Die Autoren haben versucht, trotz der knappen Darstellung die
relevanten Fakten zu beschreiben.
Framing retail crime through an environmental criminological lens: insights from Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Townsley Michael , Hutchins Benjamin
Published: May 2024

This article aims to provide insights regarding crime problems affecting the Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) retail sector, focusing primarily on the size and range of criminal behaviours. The research incorporated an online survey of retailers and police statistics. The study finds that the cost of retail crime increased by 28% over the last 4 years, against 25% growth in revenue. It also reveals that shoplifting remains the most significant and costly economic problem facing retailers, followed by employee theft. Additionally, fraud, notably in online channels, will remain a concern for the foreseeable future. We examine potential explanations and interpretations for retail crime through an environmental criminological lens. Increased research and involvement of researchers hold tremendous potential for reducing retail crime and preventing its growth in the future.
The power to transform structures: power complexes and the challenges for realising a wellbeing economy
Authors: Bärnthaler Richard , Novy Andreas , Arzberger Lea , Krisch Astrid , Volmary Hans
Published: May 2024

This article draws on different strands of existing scholarship to provide an analytical framework for understanding the barriers to achieving a well-being economy. It explores the interplay between agential and structural power, where some actor-coalitions can reproduce or transform pre-existing structures. Conversely, these structures are strategically selective, favouring some actors, interests, and strategies over others. Making sense of this interplay between agential and structural power, the article introduces the notion ofpower complexes—time-space-specific actor-coalitions with common industry-related interests and the power to reproduce or transform structures in a given conjuncture. To understand the historical “becoming” of today’s political-economic terrain, the article provides a regulationist-inspired history of the rise, fall, and re-emergence of four power complexes: the financial, fossil, livestock-agribusiness, and digital. They pose significant threats to pillars of a wellbeing economy such as ecological sustainability, equ(al)ity, and democracy. Subsequently, today’s structural context is scrutinised in more detail to understand why certain actors dominate strategic calculations in contemporary power complexes. This reveals strategic selectivities that favour multi- and transnational corporate actors over civil society, labour movements, and public bureaucracies. The article then examines firm-to-state lobbying as a strategy employed by corporate actors within today’s structural context to assert their interests. It presents illustrative cases of Blackstone, BP, Bayer, and Alphabet. Finally, it explores implications and challenges for realising a wellbeing economy based on post-/degrowth visions. It emphasises the double challenge faced by such a wellbeing-economy actor-coalition. On one hand, it has to navigatewithincontemporary modes of regulation that favour corporate strategies of capital accumulation while, on the other, it must confront the self-expanding and extractive logic of capital. In this context, three key challenges are outlined: the need to form unconventional strategic alliances, operate on various spatial dimensions simultaneously, and institutionalise alternatives to firm-to-state lobbying to influence policymaking.
Engineering of a charged incoherent BiFeO3/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Ji Dianxiang , Zhang Yi , Mao Wei , Gu Min , Xiao Yiping , Yang Yang , Guo Wei , Gu Zhengbin , Zhou Jian , Wang Peng , Nie Yuefeng , Pan Xiaoqing
Published: May 2024

Atomic-level control of complex oxide heterostructure interfaces has resulted in unprecedented properties and functionalities. The majority of oxide heterointerfaces being intensively investigated maintain lattice coherence and exhibit a flawless epitaxial alignment between the films and the substrates. Here, we report the engineering of a charged incoherent BiFeO3/SrTiO3 interface using a tailored deposition sequence in reactive oxide molecular beam epitaxy. By introducing an additional iron oxide layer to disrupt the lattice coherence at the interface, the overlying BiFeO3 is stabilized in a tetragonal phase with its enhanced ferroelectric polarization pointing toward the SrTiO3 substrate, which drives free electrons to accumulate at the incoherent interface. Our findings reveal how controlling lattice coherence at oxide heterointerfaces can open new avenues for fabricating artificial oxide heterostructures with unique properties through precise interface engineering.
Red propolis extract reduces the lipid oxidation of lamb meat
Authors: Silva João Wilian Dias , de Almeida Vitor Visintin Silva , Oliveira Aline Cardoso , Santos Leandro Soares , Paixão Tarcísio Ribeiro , da Silva Ana Paula Gomes , Santos Laize Vieira , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de , Silva Robério Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

Context Brazilian red propolis stands out for its diverse composition, which includes phenolic compounds whose effects may be similar to those of synthetic feed additives. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of red propolis extract on the carcass and meat characteristics of lambs finished under confinement conditions. Methods The meat quality characteristics of the longissimus lumborum muscle were evaluated in 35 Santa Inês lambs, with an average age of 5 months and an initial average body weight of 17.08 ± 2.36 kg (mean ± s.d.), submitted to five distinct treatments (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 mL of red propolis extract/animal.day) over 68 days. Key results The use of propolis did not affect (P > 0.05) the characteristics of the carcass, as well as the chemical composition and cholesterol content. Among the physico-chemical parameters of meat, only the shear force had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05). There was also an exponential effect for lipid oxidation (P < 0.05), where the treatment with propolis had greater antioxidant effect. Meat with a lower content (P < 0.05) of saturated fatty acids was observed in sheep that received extract. There was also an increase (P < 0.05) in the content of monounsaturated acids and consequently an improvement in nutritional quality, atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes of desirable fatty acids. Conclusions The red propolis extract improved the lipid profile of the lamb meat. We recommend the inclusion of 7 mL red propolis extract/animal.day (or 59.50 mg total flavoloids/animal.day) in the diet of lambs finished under confinement conditions. Implications The red propolis extract proved to be a viable alternative as a natural feed additive.
Cultural safety in paramedic practice: experiences of Māori and their whānau who have received acute pre-hospital care for cardiac symptoms from paramedics
Authors: Penney Sarah , Dicker Bridget , Harwood Matire
Published: May 2024

Background Cardiovascular disease is a major health issue for Māori that requires timely and effective first-response care. Māori report culturally unsafe experiences in health care, resulting in poor health outcomes. Research in the pre-hospital context is lacking. This study aimed to explore experiences of cultural (un)safety for Māori and their whānau who received acute pre-hospital cardiovascular care from paramedics. Methods Utilising a qualitative descriptive methodology and Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR), in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 10 Māori patients and/or whānau, and a general inductive approach was used for analysis. Results Three key themes were identified: (1) interpersonal workforce skills, (2) access and service factors and (3) active protection of Māori. Participants described paramedics’ clinical knowledge and interpersonal skills, including appropriate communication and ability to connect. Barriers to accessing ambulance services included limited personal and community resources and workforce issues. The impact of heart health on communities and desire for better preventative care highlighted the role of ambulance services in heart health. Conclusion Māori experience culturally unsafe pre-hospital care. Systemic and structural barriers were found to be harmful despite there being fewer reports of interpersonal discrimination than in previous research. Efforts to address workforce representation, resource disparities and cultural safety education (focussing on communication, partnership and connection) are warranted to improve experiences and outcomes for Māori.
Extrachromosomal telomere DNA derived from excessive strand displacements
Authors: Lee Junyeop , Lee Jina , Sohn Eric J. , Taglialatela Angelo , O’Sullivan Roderick J. , Ciccia Alberto , Min Jaewon
Published: May 2024

Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance mechanism mediated by break-induced replication, evident in approximately 15% of human cancers. A characteristic feature of ALT cancers is the presence of C-circles, circular single-stranded telomeric DNAs composed of C-rich sequences. Despite the fact that extrachromosomal C-rich single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs), including C-circles, are unique to ALT cells, their generation process remains undefined. Here, we introduce a method to detect single-stranded telomeric DNA, called 4SET (Strand-Specific Southern-blot for Single-stranded Extrachromosomal Telomeres) assay. Utilizing 4SET, we are able to capture C-rich single-stranded DNAs that are near 200 to 1500 nucleotides in size. Both linear C-rich ssDNAs and C-circles are abundant in the fractions of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, which supports the idea that linear and circular C-rich ssDNAs are generated concurrently. We also found that C-rich ssDNAs originate during Okazaki fragment processing during lagging strand DNA synthesis. The generation of C-rich ssDNA requires CST-PP (CTC1/STN1/TEN1-PRIMASE-Polymerase alpha) complex-mediated priming of the C-strand DNA synthesis and subsequent excessive strand displacement of the C-rich strand mediated by the DNA Polymerase delta and the BLM helicase. Our work proposes a model for the generation of C-rich ssDNAs and C-circles during ALT-mediated telomere elongation.
Hepatic IRE1α-XBP1 signaling promotes GDF15-mediated anorexia and body weight loss in chemotherapy
Authors: Tang Yuexiao , Yao Tao , Tian Xin , Xia Xintong , Huang Xingxiao , Qin Zhewen , Shen Zhong , Zhao Lin , Zhao Yaping , Diao Bowen , Ping Yan , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Xu Yonghao , Chen Hui , Qian Tao , Ma Tao , Zhou Ben , Xu Suowen , Zhou Qimin , Liu Yong , Shao Mengle , Chen Wei , Shan Bo , Wu Ying
Published: May 2024

Platinum-based chemotherapy drugs can lead to the development of anorexia, a detrimental effect on the overall health of cancer patients. However, managing chemotherapy-induced anorexia and subsequent weight loss remains challenging due to limited effective therapeutic strategies. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently gained significant attention in the context of chemotherapy-induced anorexia. Here, we report that hepatic GDF15 plays a crucial role in regulating body weight in response to chemo drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. Cisplatin and doxorubicin treatments induce hepatic Gdf15 expression and elevate circulating GDF15 levels, leading to hunger suppression and subsequent weight loss. Mechanistically, selective activation by chemotherapy of hepatic IRE1α-XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upregulates Gdf15 expression. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of IRE1α is sufficient to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced anorexia and body weight loss. These results identify hepatic IRE1α as a molecular driver of GDF15-mediated anorexia and suggest that blocking IRE1α RNase activity offers a therapeutic strategy to alleviate the adverse anorexia effects in chemotherapy.
Electron wave and quantum optics in graphene
Authors: Chakraborti Himadri , Gorini Cosimo , Knothe Angelika , Liu Ming-Hao , Makk Péter , Parmentier François D , Perconte David , Richter Klaus , Roulleau Preden , Sacépé Benjamin , Schönenberger Christian , Yang Wenmin
Published: May 2024

In the last decade, graphene has become an exciting platform for electron optical experiments, in some aspects superior to conventional two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs). A major advantage, besides the ultra-large mobilities, is the fine control over the electrostatics, which gives the possibility of realising gap-less and compact p-n interfaces with high precision. The latter host non-trivial states, e.g. , snake states in moderate magnetic fields, and serve as building blocks of complex electron interferometers. Thanks to the Dirac spectrum and its non-trivial Berry phase, the internal (valley and sublattice) degrees of freedom, and the possibility to tailor the band structure using proximity effects, such interferometers open up a completely new playground based on novel device architectures. In this review, we introduce the theoretical background of graphene electron optics, fabrication methods used to realise electron-optical devices, and techniques for corresponding numerical simulations. Based on this, we give a comprehensive review of ballistic transport experiments and simple building blocks of electron optical devices both in single and bilayer graphene, highlighting the novel physics that is brought in compared to conventional 2DEGs. After describing the different magnetic field regimes in graphene p-n junctions and nanostructures, we conclude by discussing the state of the art in graphene-based Mach–Zender and Fabry–Perot interferometers.
Magnetic phases of XY model with three-spin terms: interplay of topology and entanglement
Authors: Malakar Rakesh Kumar , Ghosh Asim Kumar
Published: May 2024

Magnetic and topological properties along with quantum correlations in terms of several entanglement measures have been investigated for an antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin-1/2 XY model in the presence of transverse magnetic field and XZX−YZY type of three-spin interactions. Symmetries of the spin Hamiltonian have been identified. Under the Jordan–Wigner transformation, the spin Hamiltonian converted into spinless superconducting model with nearest neighbor (NN) hopping and Cooper pairing terms in addition to next NN Cooper pairing potential. Long range AFM order has been studied in terms of staggered spin–spin correlation functions, while the topological orders have been characterized by winding numbers. Magnetic and topological phase diagrams have been prepared. Faithful coexistence of magnetic and topological superconducting phases is found in the entire parameter regime. Boundaries of various quantum phases have been marked and positions of bicritical points have been identified.
Blind cyclostationary fault feature extraction in rolling bearings: a dual adaptive filtering approach
Authors: Sun Ruo-Bin , Su Yufeng , Yang Zhi-Bo , Chen Xuefeng
Published: May 2024

Extracting cyclostationary features from vibration signals is one of the most effective approaches in bearing fault diagnosis. However, current methods require prior knowledge of cycle-frequencies or other statistical information, which constrains their applicability across various scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a novel dual adaptive filtering method, incorporating cycle-frequency estimation to solve the existing problem. The method firstly employs an adaptive line enhancer (ALE) to isolate the first-order cyclostationary signal, thereby the cycle-frequencies can be effectively detected using an exhaustive estimation technique. Subsequently, an adaptive frequency-shift (FRESH) filter is further applied to extract the second-order cyclostationary features from the residual components. The proposed method successfully overcomes the challenge of separating cyclostationary signals without prior knowledge and can be tailored to real-time application scenarios. Besides, the approach distinguishes between the two cyclostationary signal types, effectively resolving any aliasing concerns inherent in their statistical characteristics. The effectiveness of the method is verified through simulation, experiments, and engineering data analysis. It is demonstrated that the method significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy and is more suitable for early fault diagnosis of rolling bearings by estimating spectral coherence on the extracted signals.
4D printing of fiber-reinforced auxetic structures: the building blocks: a review
Authors: Karima Bouguermouh , Habibi Mohamed , Laperrière Luc
Published: May 2024

Four-dimensional (4D) printing has recently received much attention in the field of smart materials. It concerns using additive manufacturing to obtain geometries that can change shape under the effect of different stimuli. Such a technique enables the fabrication of 3D printed parts with the additional functionality of scalable, programmable, and controllable part shapes over time. This review provides a comprehensive examination of advances in the field of 4D printing, emphasizing the integration of fiber reinforcement and auxetic structures as crucial building blocks. The incorporation of fibers enhances structural integrity, while auxetic design principles contribute unique mechanical properties, such as negative Poisson’s ratio and great potential for energy absorption due to their specific deformation mechanisms. Therefore, they present potential applications in aerospace, drones, and robotics. The objective of this review article is first to describe the distinctive properties of shape memory polymers, auxetic structures, and composite (fiber-reinforced) materials. A review of applications that use combinations of such materials is also presented when appropriate. The goal is to get a grip on the delicate balance between the different properties achievable in each case. The paper concludes by describing recent advances in 4D printing of fiber-reinforced auxetic structures.
Comments on the article ‘M.O. Katanaev, Complete separation of variables in the geodesic Hamilton-Jacobi equation in four dimensions, Physica Scripta (2023), 98, 104001’
Authors: Obukhov V V , Osetrin K E , Shapovalov A V
Published: May 2024

The present note is a feedback on the article by M.O. Katanaev in Physica
Scripta (2023, 98, 104
001), where, in our opinion, a distorted view of the classical theory of separation of variables in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is given. We show that the metrics given in this paper, addmiting separation of variables, are special cases of V.N. Shapovalov metrics (Siberian Mathematical Journal, 1979, 20, 790), finally obtained in the 70s of the last century. The results of the article in question, unlike the original ones, do not have scientific novelty and contain omissions and incorrect statements.
Density dependent constitutive model for Bi-2212 powder compression deformation
Authors: Liu Xueqian , Gao Yang , Li Heng , Yang Yanfeng , Zhang Shengnan , Jiang Lang , Zhang Yifan , Hao Qingbin , Li Jianfeng , Li Chengshan , Zhang Pingxiang
Published: May 2024

Bi-2212 HTS materials are fabricated into multi-filamentary wires via powder-in-tube (PIT) method followed by proper heat treatment to obtain superconductivity, but how to predict the large compression deformation behaviors of the Bi-2212 powder is critical to design the processing of the Bi-2212 HTS wire. Drucker Prager/Cap (DPC) model was the most commonly used model for powders including Bi-2212 with soil-like mechanical behavior to consider its shear failure as well as hydrostatic compression. However, the parameters for DPC Cap evolve with densities change and the original model is inadequate to precisely describe the densification process of Bi-2212 powder with large strain. In this study, the modified DPC model with density dependent parameters was introduced for Bi-2212 powder compressions by measuring the failure strength and hydrostatic compressive behavior under different density states. The DPC yield surface was plotted with an evolution trend of non-linear outward expansion with density increased. FEM model of uniaxial compression based on the as-introduced model was built with subroutine VUSDFLD applied. The distribution of Mises stress and relative density were analyzed. The axial stress-density curve for FEM and experimental results were normalized and quantitively evaluated by Mean Square Error (MSE). The introduced model shows good convergence and could match the experimental results well with normalized MSE of 0.000207 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.0144, indicating the mean error percentage of 1.44%. The model introduced in this article provides supports toward large strain deformation simulation of Bi-2212 powder.
A GaN-based SOI plasmonic nanolaser design with high-output power
Authors: Kadhim Nawres M , Vahed Hamid , Soofi Hadi
Published: May 2024

Due to its unique optical and electrical properties, gallium nitride (GaN) exhibits great promise for nanolaser cavities. These characteristics include high electron mobility, wide bandgap energy, and a high refractive index. Moreover, GaN exhibits remarkable thermal stability, making it appropriate for high-power laser applications. The choice of active medium material can significantly impact the laser’s performance, including its wavelength, output power, and efficiency. This work designed and numerically demonstrated a GaN-WG built-in Si

O

2

substrate with an input and output Si-waveguide nanolaser. These nanolasers lase multi-output wavelengths in both directions (forward and backward) at 1680 and 1750 nm, respectively. The pump power is 800 nm. The GaN-waveguide material, when used in nanolaser cavity design, gives many different advantages, like concentration of the Gaussian envelope and improved polarization depending on rate (PDR). Increasing lasing efficiency by 76.6% in the forward direction and 96.7% in the backward direction. Get a low lasing threshold of approximately 200

μ
W

in the forward direction and 180 μW in the

μ
W

backward direction. Finally, improved the output laser power in both directions (460

μ
W

and 600

μ

W) in the forward and backward directions, respectively.
Microwave irradiation-induced yield enhancement of coconut shell biomass-derived graphene-like material
Authors: Widanarto Wahyu , Wulandari Resi , Rahmawati Dina , Cahyanto Wahyu Tri , Sari Kartika , Effendi Mukhtar , Ghoshal Sib Krishna , Kurniawan Candra
Published: May 2024

This paper reports a new strategy (rapid and selective microwave irradiation) to achieve an improved yield of graphene-like material derived from coconut shell biomass. The influence of various microwave irradiation (MWI) powers (80, 240, and 400 W) treatment on the crystalline structures, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the produced samples was determined and compared with the virgin-untreated specimen. The obtained samples were analyzed using varied analytical techniques. The FESEM images of the irradiated samples revealed the existence of graphene-like morphologies accompanied by some thin and transparent sheets. The sample at 80 W displayed the best quality with the highest yield, improving the carbon content, reducing the oxygen functional groups, and increasing the BET-specific surface area by as much as 1238.48 m2/g. The electrochemical properties of the sample treated at 80 W (optimum MWI power treatment) exhibited rectangular curves against scanning speeds, indicating an ideal capacitive behaviour called electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC). It is asserted that the proposed systematic and eco-friendly approach in obtaining the high-performance graphene-like material at low cost may open up sundry opportunities for practical applications, leading towards sustainable development.
Evolution of quadrupole-octupole collectivity in the even–even 54 ≤ Z ≤ 58 nuclei
Authors: Minkov Nikolay
Published: May 2024

We explore the quadrupole-octupole collectivity in the mass region of even–even 54 ≤ Z ≤ 58 (Xe, Ba and Ce) nuclei by analysing the fine structure of energy spectra. As a basic criterion for the presence of reflection-asymmetric degree of freedom we consider the formation of alternating-parity level-sequences. As a clear-cut criterion for the emergence of pronounced octupole deformation we consider the reduction of the parity-shift at certain angular momentum and the formation of a single energy sequence which can be interpreted as an octupole band. Applying these criteria we select out alternating-parity bands (APBs) in the region of Xe, Ba and Ce isotopes for which a manifestation of pronounced octupole collectivity can be considered. Their fine structure is probed in a collective quadrupole-octupole rotation model (QORM) providing a detailed analysis in terms of odd–even staggering diagrams. The obtained model descriptions of the energy levels and staggering patterns reveal the most characteristic features of the quadrupole-octupole deformations in this mass region and outline a clearly determined area of manifestation of nuclear reflection-asymmetric shapes.
Synergistic influence of external electric field on laser ablation in liquid: correlating nanoparticle synthesis and cavitation bubble dynamics
Authors: Mehta Kavil , Ahuja Manushi , Kumar Prashant , Kushawaha Rajesh K , Baruah Prahlad K
Published: May 2024

The present study aims to investigate the changes in the properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and cavitation bubble dynamics by applying an external electric field during laser ablation in liquid (LAL). Investigating electric field assisted laser ablation in liquid (EFLAL) is crucial since phenomena such as plasma charging effect and electrostatic pressure have important role in determining the size, shape, and crystallinity. of the NPs. With this motivation, the present study has been conducted with different electric fields of 0, 100, 500 and 1000 V cm−1 to probe the effect of an external electric field on the dynamics of EFLAL. The charging effect observed on NPs during cavitation bubble dynamics was also investigated at these field intensities. The size of NPs witnesses a reduction from ∼30 nm without electric field to ∼19 nm in presence of electric field. Also, a significant narrowing of the size distribution by over 4 times was observed in the presence of electric field. This clearly demonstrates that EFLAL can be used to obtain NPs with uniform size distribution. Moreover, NPs of different shapes have also been observed by varying the electric field intensities (100 and 1000 V cm−1). The effect of the external electric field on the dynamics of the cavitation bubble produced during EFLAL has been probed using shadowgraphy technique. It has been observed that the bubble size increases with the presence of an electric field. The estimation of the bubble pressure in the presence of an electric field has revealed that the implosion bubble pressure is significantly lower than pressure in the absence of the field. The results obtained for NPs have been correlated to the changes in bubble parameters in this work.
Quasinormal modes by improved matrix method and weighted residual method
Authors: Lin Kai
Published: May 2024

This work discusses the Improved Matrix Method and Weighted Residual Method for studying the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black holes. In the first method, by utilizing Jordan decomposition, the improved matrix method avoids the calculation of inverse matrices in the original matrix method. This significantly saves computational resources and time needed to compute the coefficient square matrices of the derivatives. In the second method, we illustrate the effectiveness of the weighted residual method in QNMs calculations by using the collocation method and Galerkin method as examples. We compared the results of both methods with the Generalized Horowitz-Hubeny Method and the WKB approximation. The methods proposed in this paper demonstrates superior precision. Additionally, we provide five criteria to exclude extraneous roots from the methods.
The heat dissipation by the multi-needle electrode structure ionic wind generator
Authors: Zhou Wenhao , Zhang Dongxuan , Liu Feng , Fang Zhi , Wan Hui
Published: May 2024

Ionic wind generated by atmospheric pressure discharge can be used for propulsion, heat dissipation, food drying, which shows the unique advantages of no mechanical parts and fast response. However, the wind speed and the energy efficiency of ionic wind generator are very low, which limit its application. In this paper, an ionic wind generator, constructed with needle-net electrode structure and powered by high-voltage positive dielectric current (DC) power supply, is built for cooling of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). The energy efficiency and wind speed of the ionic wind generator are optimized by adjusting the electrode structure and applied voltage amplitude. The results show that when the discharge spacing is fixed at 10 mm and the optimal needle spacing is 17.5 mm with 6 needles at 14 kV, the ionic wind velocity can reach a maximum value 3.20 m s−1 and the energy efficiency is 1.90%. Under optimal experimental conditions, the heat dissipation performance of MOSFET is significantly enhanced compared to using only a heat sink. With cooling by the ionic wind generator, the MOSFET junction temperature can be lowered by about 29 °C after 240 s operation.
Nonlocality via multiqubit orthogonal product bases
Authors: Chen Lin , Jiang Yutong
Published: May 2024

We investigate the quantum nonlocality via the discrimination on two, three and four-qubit orthogonal product bases (OPBs). We show that every two-qubit, and some three and four-qubit OPBs can be locally distinguished. It turns out that the remaining three and four-qubit OPBs cannot be locally distinguished, and thus they show the quantum nonlocality without entanglement. We also distinguish them by merging some systems using quantum teleportation with assisted Bell states.