bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary self-management education programme for kidney transplant recipients in Thailand
Authors: Thangto Piyanut , Srisuk Oranee , Chunpeak Kanokporn , Hutchinson Ana , van Gulik Nantanit
Published: July 2022

Background:

Multidisciplinary teams play an important role in educating kidney transplant recipients and their families on ongoing self-management.

Aim:

To measure the knowledge of transplant recipients before and after participation in a multidisciplinary education program in Thailand.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental before and after study design was used to explore change in 50 recipients' knowledge following program completion. Study outcomes were analysed using descriptive statistics, differences in patient knowledge before and after programme completion were compared using paired t-tests and group differences using the Mann-Whitney U Test.

Findings:

There was a significant increase in total knowledge scores (baseline M=14.70, SD=2.70 vs follow-up M=18.46, SD=0.89; t =-9.46, p<0.01), and understanding of kidney transplant care (baseline M=3.74, SD=0.92 vs follow-up M=4.34, SD=0.65; t =-3.90, p<0.01) and immunosuppressive drugs (baseline M=6.10, SD=1.94 vs follow-up M=8.94, SD=0.24, t=-10.29, p<0.01). Being aged younger than, or older and equal to, 40 years was the only patient characteristic associated with statistically significant differences in patient knowledge following programme completion (t =195.00, p=0.02).

Conclusion:

Multidisciplinary education programmes are effective, however innovative approaches to educating older adults need further exploration.
Kidney Patient-Reported Experience Measures report shows overall experience of care continues to be rated highly
Authors: Stannard Catherine , Klare Ranjit
Published: July 2022

Catherine Stannard and Ranjit Klare discuss the results of the 2021 Kidney Patient-Reported Experience Measures report
Coupling Circularity With Carbon Negativity in Food and Agriculture Systems
Authors: Lower Lillian , Cunniffe Julia , Cheng Jay J. , Sagues William Joe
Published: July 2022

Highlights

Many technologies required for circularity have the added benefit of carbon negativity.

Precision agriculture, soil carbon sequestration, and biorefining couple circularity with carbon negativity.

Stakeholders from many disciplines are needed to successfully couple circularity with carbon negativity.

Abstract. Achieving a circular economy is critical for a sustainable future, particularly in sectors that currently produce resource-intensive products in a linear fashion, such as food and agriculture. At the same time, technologies that remove atmospheric CO2, often referred to as carbon dioxide removal (CDR) or carbon negativity, must be developed and deployed rapidly if we are to avoid the worst effects of climate change. Circularity and CDR are often assessed and discussed independently, even though they are highly intertwined. Innovations to food and agriculture systems are essential to achieving a circular economy and enabling rapid deployment of CDR technologies. We explore critical areas of technology that must undergo rapid innovation (upstream and downstream) to food processing and consumption, namely precision and regenerative agriculture and biorefining, respectively. If implemented at scale, these two areas of technology have the potential to couple circularity with carbon negativity in food production systems. Keywords: Biorefining, Carbon dioxide removal, Circularity, Food and agriculture systems, Precision agriculture, Soil carbon sequestration.
Application of Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection of Colored Tattoo Inks in Tissues: Preliminary Phantom Study
Authors: Sadura Filip , Wróbel Maciej S. , Karpienko Katarzyna
Published: July 2022

We present the viability of Raman spectroscopic approach for detection and determination of tattoo ink pigments, and the use of polymer optical skin tissue phantoms as possible tools for regulatory agencies.
Novel Random Laser-based probe of Huntington Disease in cell cultures
Authors: de Armas-Rillo Sergio , Fumagallo-Reading Felipe , Luis-Ravelo Diego , Abdul-Jalbar Beatriz , González-Hernández Tomás , Lahoz Fernando
Published: July 2022

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic condition, whose progress we are currently unable to assess with easy, non-invasive techniques. We show that Random Laser (RL) is sensitive to the effects of HD in cell cultures.
Numerical classification of RBC images retrieved using diffraction phase microscopy
Authors: Bhatt Sunita , ningombam Aparna , Dubey Satish
Published: July 2022

We present a classification scheme of different types of RBC in human blood using a Diffraction Phase Microscopy (DPM) setup combine with Machine learning. The experimental study demonstrated an improved accuracy in classification of RBCs.
Monte Carlo Photon Migration Modeling for Assessing External Jugular Venous Dynamics
Authors: Heigold Hannah , Robertson Andrew D , Patterson Courtney A , Hughson Richard L , Amelard Robert
Published: July 2022

Here we implemented a Monte Carlo photon migration model to simulate optical tissue interaction during external jugular vein distension, supporting the potential of non-contact hemodynamic imaging techniques.
Exploring different source configurations for laser speckle-based blood flow measurement system
Authors: Murali K , Varma Hari M
Published: July 2022

We explore various source configurations (such as point source, line sources and its variants, uniform illumination) for laser speckle-based imaging of blood flow and validate by simulation studies and in-vivo imaging of mice brain.
Rapid, Contact-Free, Multimodal, Non-Linear Optical Imaging for Collagen in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tendon Tissues
Authors: Semon Bryan , Chriat Alaa , Wang Haifeng , Priddy Lauren , Lu Lu , Jaffe Michael , Ariunbold Gombojav O.
Published: July 2022

A novel imaging system is developed to overcome the challenge of paraffin contamination in fixed tissues. Single-shot wide-field micro-images are captured to construct large-scale collagen-maps for understanding tendon damage and healing processes.
3D fluorescence optical tomography with directed sources using the δ -SP3 approximation
Authors: Patil Nishigandha , Naik Naren
Published: July 2022

We propose a 3D δ -SP3 model based reconstruction scheme for fluorescence optical tomography with directed sources. Numerical validations in reflectance-mode demonstrate improvements over existing approaches justifying the use of the proposed scheme.
Fast Analysis of Resected Breast Tissue Margins Using Ultraviolet Photoacoustic Remote Sensing Microscopy
Authors: Cikaluk Brendyn D. , Martell Matthew M. , Haven Nathaniel J.M. , Restall Brendon S. , Zemp Roger J.
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate the ability to perform fast ultraviolet photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy of tissue margins using a mosaic scanning approach where a camera-based system is used to determine scan coordinates within a 2-mm margin.
Assessment of Fibrosis in Skin Models using Laser Speckle Image Analysis
Authors: Krishnamurthy Priya , Unni Sujatha Narayanan
Published: July 2022

Dermal thickness variation is observed with laser illuminated skin-mimicking phantoms. From the acquired laser speckle images, the contrast ratio and percentage change in intensity autocorrelation of static and dynamic components are estimated.
Biochemical Analyzer for Medical Diagnostics Based on Spectrophotometric Principle and Programmable Light Source
Authors: Zaichenko Kirill V. , Gurevich Boris S.
Published: July 2022

A new fast biochemical analyzer for biological liquids analyses has been described. The advanced light source involving the set of LEDs and diffraction grating together with consequently installed acousto-optic tunable filter provide high operation rate and information productivity.
Spectral Selection Using Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters for the Skin Lesions Diagnostics
Authors: Zaichenko Kirill V. , Gurevich Boris S.
Published: July 2022

Skin malignancies diagnostics based on spectral reflection data obtained from skin, are considered. The diagnostics method foresees application of acousto-optic tunable filters. The experimental data connected with the method realization, are listed.
High-speed Photoacoustic-guided Wavefront Shaping with a Real-valued Intensity Transmission Matrix
Authors: Zhao Tianrui , Ourselin Sebastien , Vercauteren Tom , Xia Wenfeng
Published: July 2022

We report the development of a high-speed and non-invasive method for focusing light through scattering media using photoacoustic guidance. We demonstrated light focusing through an optical diffuser within ∼ 300 ms.
Multimodal Preclinical Imaging System Using Transparent Ultrasonic Transducer
Authors: Park Jeongwoo , Park Byullee , Kim Tae Yeong , Jung Sungjin , Choi Woo June , Ahn Joongho , Yong Uijung , Jang Jinah , Kim Won Jong , Kim Hong Kyun , Jeong Unyong , Kim Hyung Ham , Kim Chulhong
Published: July 2022

We present a multimodal imaging system that seamlessly integrates ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and optical coherence tomography using a transparent ultrasonic transducer. We demonstrate the system’s use in imaging responses to mouse body in vivo.
Wide-field Polarization-Resolved SHG Microscopy in Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Mirsanaye Kamdin , Castano Leonardo Uribe , Kamaliddin Yasmeen , Golaraei Ahmad , Kontenis Lukas , Done Susan J. , Žurauskas Edvardas , Wilson Brian C. , Barzda Virginijus
Published: July 2022

Wide-field Polarization-resolved Second-Harmonic Generation microscopy is a label-free imaging technique which highlights molecular organization of collagenous tissues, enabling high-throughput quantitative biomedical imaging and cancer diagnostics.
A comprehensive method for simulating the effects of detector noise on speckle contrast signal
Authors: Frisk Lisa Kobayashi , Verma Manish , Chetia Sumana , Lin Chenhao P. , Trobaugh Jason , Culver Joseph P. , Durduran Turgut
Published: July 2022

We present a method for simulating speckle contrast signal, noise, and signal offset in speckle contrast optical spectroscopy and tomography. The simulations provide a realistic model by simulating custom system and tissue properties.
Imaging speckle decorrelation effect with combined acousto-optical imaging with off-axis heterodyne holography for biomedical applications
Authors: Gunther Jacqueline , Jayet Baptiste , Amissah Michael , Andersson-Engels Stefan
Published: July 2022

Using off-axis heterodyne holography, we present acousto-optical measurements of two phantoms: a silicon (no decorrelation) and a gel phantom (decorrelation). Decorrelation of the two media show differing trends that need to be understood to move towards in-vivo imaging.
Unmatched Back Projector Deconvolution for a Miniature Light Field Microscope
Authors: Wahn Hannes , Xu Alec , Poon Joyce K. S. , Sacher Wesley D.
Published: July 2022

We applied an unmatched back projector based deconvolution algorithm to reduce image reconstruction time in light field microscopy. 3D laser written microstructures were fabricated and used to characterize the light field imaging.
Gradient filter reconstruction approach to fluorescence photoacoustic based pharmacokinetic tomography
Authors: Gottam Omprakash , Naik Naren , Pandey Prabodh Kumar , Gambhir Sanjay
Published: July 2022

We propose a “gradient filter” reconstruction scheme for solving the dynamic pharmacokinetic problem using fluorescence-photoacoustic tomography in a shape based framework. The proposed method is validated using cancer mimicking phantoms.
Polarization-dependent zero-plasma-permittivity, zero-permittivity, and zero-permeability gaps in a 1D photonic crystal composed of lossy double-negative and magnetic cold plasma materials
Authors: Kumari Nitu , Varshney Anshu D. , Awasthi Suneet K. , Shiveshwari Laxmi , Aly Arafa H.
Published: July 2022

Theoretically, we have employed a transfer matrix to examine the tunable band structure and transmission properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal that consists of periodic layers of a lossy double-negative index and magnetic cold plasma materials. Our study shows that the existence of unconventional photonic bandgaps (PBGs) is due to the material dispersion properties of double-negative and magnetic cold plasma layers and fundamentally differs from Bragg gaps, which arise due to an interference mechanism. The two new gaps, called zero-permittivity (

ε
=

0

) and zero-permeability (

μ

=

0

), near the frequency at which the permittivity and permeability of double-negative material change signs, have been found for non-zero incidence angles corresponding to

p

and

s

polarizations, respectively. These gaps can be easily tuned as well as enlarged by the application of an external magnetic field in both right-hand and left-hand polarization configurations. At a fixed magnetic field,

ε
=

0

and

μ

=

0

gaps corresponding to

p

and

s

polarizations, respectively, can be further enhanced by increasing the angle of incidence to higher values. Additionally, we have found a tunable zero-plasma-permittivity (

ε
P

=

0

) gap close to the frequency at which the magnetic-field-dependent electric permittivity of a cold plasma layer changes sign at a non-zero incident angle corresponding to

p

polarization only. Finally, we present a way by which the zero-effective-phase gap,

ε
=

0

gap, and

ε
P

=

0

gap can be joined together to produce an enlarged PBG at a non-zero incidence angle corresponding to

p

polarization only in the presence of an external magnetic field of value

B
L

=

0.473

T

. The proposed study may be used for designing of polarization triggered tunable optical devices in microwave engineering applications.
Tailoring dual-band electromagnetically induced transparency with polarization conversions in a dielectric-metal hybrid metastructure
Authors: Sun Yuanzhe , Zhang Dan , Zhang Haifeng
Published: July 2022

Metastructure analogs of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) provide a new approach for engineering realizations of nonlinear optical manipulations regardless of harsh conditions; further can be employed in polarization conversions for its low-loss transmission and phase modulation. In this work, dual-band EIT in a dielectric-metal hybrid metasurface achieved via providing different coupling channels is theoretically investigated with a maximum group delay of 404 ps. The linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LCPC) behaviors are observed respectively holding the transmittance of 0.58 at 0.68 THz, 0.73 at 0.76 THz, 0.61 at 0.90 THz, 0.53 at 0.99 THz, owning to the asymmetric EIT responses in the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes incidence. On the other hand, phase-transition VO2 is doped to perturb the dark mode resonances. With its conductivity σ = 105 S/m, dual transparency peaks transform into unimodal broadband transmission windows with relative bandwidths of 17.1% and 9.1% under the TE and TM excitations apart. Induced LCPC possesses a bandwidth of 10.4% centered at 0.76 THz attributed to the drastic dispersion. The as-proposed design exploits pattern asymmetry of EIT responses to realize LCPC, promising the wide prospect of reconfigurable multiplexings.
Multiple Access Points Oriented Stable Radio Frequency Transfer Using a Wavelength-Tunable Laser
Authors: Lu Yiwen , Jiang Zhongze , Yin Feifei , Xu Kun , Dai Yitang
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate a stable fiber-based radio frequency transfer system for multiple access points by using a wavelength-tunable laser. Significant phase fluctuation suppression at an intermediate access point is achieved.
Soliton trapping and orthogonal Raman scattering in a birefringent photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Stefańska Karolina , Majchrowska Sylwia , Gemza Karolina , Soboń Grzegorz , Sotor Jarosław , Mergo Paweł , Tarnowski Karol , Martynkien Tadeusz
Published: July 2022

We report on trapped pulse generation in birefringent photonic crystal fiber. Linearly polarized ultrashort pulses are injected into the fiber in an anomalous dispersion regime. We observed experimentally that a soliton pulse polarized along the fast fiber axis partially transfers its energy to the orthogonal polarization. The generated pulse is amplified through the orthogonal Raman gain. The two polarization components are located at group-velocity-matched wavelengths. The experimental works are in agreement with numerical simulations. The obtained results are important for applications of the light sources using self-frequency shifted solitons that demand high polarization purity.
Deep low-excitation fluorescence imaging enhancement
Authors: Gu Yuanjie , Xiao Zhibo , Hou Wei , Liu Cheng , Jin Ying , Wang Shouyu
Published: July 2022

In this work, to the best of our knowledge, we provide the first deep low-excitation fluorescence imaging enhancement solution to reconstruct optimized-excitation fluorescence images from captured low-excitation ones aimed at reducing photobleaching and phototoxicity due to strong excitation. In such a solution, a new framework named Kindred-Nets is designed aimed at improving the effective feature utilization rate; and additionally, a mixed fine-tuning tactic is employed to significantly reduce the required number of fluorescence images for training but still to increase the effective feature density. Proved in applications, the proposed solution can obtain optimized-excitation fluorescence images in high contrast and avoid the dimming effect due to negative optimization from the ineffective features on the neural networks. This work can be employed in fluorescence imaging with reduced excitation as well as extended to nonlinear optical microscopy especially in conditions with low output nonlinear signals. Furthermore, this work is open source available at https://github.com/GuYuanjie/KindredNets.
Supercontinuum generation and IR image transportation using soft glass optical fibers: a review [Invited]
Authors: Ohishi Yasutake
Published: July 2022

Soft glass optical fibers, especially highly nonlinear optical fibers, have expanded their application fields. We have been engaged in soft glass optical fibers, such fluoride, tellurite and chalcogenide glass, for optical signal processing, lightwave generation and waveguide applications. Furthermore, we have challenged the research on novel waveguides, for example, transverse Anderson localization of mid-infrared light using transversely disordered optical fiber. Here we report our achievements on SC generation and novel waveguides research using the soft glass highly nonlinear optical fibers.
Advanced photonic and optofluidic devices fabricated in glass via femtosecond laser micromachining [Invited]
Authors: Piacentini Simone , Bragheri Francesca , Corrielli Giacomo , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca , Paiè Petra , Osellame Roberto
Published: July 2022

Thanks to its unique properties, glass plays a fundamental role in science and technology, especially in optics and photonics. For instance, its transparency has been exploited in the last decades for efficiently guiding light in optical fibers for long distances, while its versatility makes it the perfect material in different research fields, ranging from fundamental science to biology and chemistry. On the occasion of the International Year of Glass, we would like to discuss a powerful microfabrication technique for devices in this material: femtosecond laser micromachining (FLM). This technique can process different types of glass, and thanks to the nonlinear nature of the induced modification, it enables the fabrication of complex three-dimensional micro-structures capable of guiding light or transporting fluids. The purpose of this review article is to celebrate the multidisciplinary nature of FLM by discussing, without claim for completeness and after a brief introduction about the process, a selection of its applications in the diverse fields of biology, strong-field physics, and astronomy.
Phase modulation using a titanium dioxide strip on lithium niobate
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Nelan Sean , Mercante Andrew J. , Shopp Benjamin , Yao Peng , Shi Shouyuan , Prather Dennis W.
Published: July 2022

In this manuscript, we demonstrate the first phase modulator using titanium dioxide as a strip loaded waveguide on thin-film lithium niobate. The amorphous titanium dioxide was fabricated using RF reactive sputtering followed by a dielectric lift-off process. Two gold electrodes were deposited next to the waveguide by using the same process. This process eliminates the need for plasma etching or high-temperature vapor deposition methods, opening the door to fabrication on sensitive material systems. A propagation loss of 0.156 dB/mm and V

π

of 3.2 V at 1550 nm were experimentally measured and reported.
Engineered refractive and diffractive optical composites via photo-thermal processes
Authors: Shirshnev P. S. , Kang M. , Divliansky I. , Richardson K. A. , Glebov L. B.
Published: July 2022

Oxide and non-oxide glass with tailored morphology or microstructure induced by photo-exposure and subsequent heat treatment can result in new materials with unique optical functions. Spatial control of where this local modification occurs can result in optical materials with refractive or diffractive behavior different from those found in homogeneous optical materials. We review the use of such strategies to introduce such unique optical function to commercially developed oxide and prototype chalcogenide glass ceramic media that have yielded a range of performance attributes that make them unique in applications requiring reduced size, weight, power and cost (SWAP-C). We summarize how these materials have been designed and created to yield components that combine multiple functions in a single optical element, resulting in unique performance solutions for a variety of optical systems, highlighting the future potential these materials offer.
Additively manufactured transparent ceramic thin disk gain medium
Authors: Rudzik Thomas J. , Seeley Zachary M. , Drobshoff Alexander D. , Cherepy Nerine J. , Wang Yimin , Onorato Steven P. , Squillante Michael R. , Payne Stephen A.
Published: July 2022

A novel type of Yb:YAG transparent ceramic thin disk laser amplifier is demonstrated, based on fabricating a composite gain element with a paraboloidal interface between gain and no-gain regions and employing side-pumping of the thin disk. The pump-induced gain and the impact of amplified spontaneous emission on the achievable inversion are reported.
Occult hepatitis B virus infections and risk factors among school-going adolescent voluntary blood donors in Kwale County Kenya, January 2020–June 2021: Cross sectional study
Authors: Wahome Peter Kitemi , Kiende Polly , Nakazea Rocky Jumapili , Mwasowa Narcis Mwakidedela , Nyamu Gibson Waweru
Published: July 2022

Background

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections remain a safety concern worldwide. The prevalence in Kenya ranges from 2.6% to 4.4% among secondary school-going voluntary blood donors. This study estimated the prevalence of occult HBV infections among school-going voluntary blood donors through donations made to Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Center (KSBTC).

Methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on data collected by the KSBTC between January 2020 and June 2021 among secondary school-going voluntary blood donors. Data were collected in MS Excel 2013 and analyzed in Epi Info 7. Descriptive statistics were calculated and we compared donors with positive Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to those with negative HBsAg. Crude Prevalence Odds Ratios (cPOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to identify factors associated with positive HBsAg.

Results

A total of 613 records were analyzed. The mean age of the donors was 19.1 years (± 1.8 years), there were 457 males (74.5%), 502 individuals were in the age group 18–25 years (82.3%), and the mean hemoglobin level was 14.1 g/dl (±1.6 g/dl). First-time blood donors made up 84.8% of all donors (513/605) and the mean inter-donation period was 20 months (±5.8 months) for repeat donors. The sero-positivity for HBsAg was 8.8% (54/613). Age category 16–17 years with positive HBsAg were 10.2% (11/108), femaleswere10.9% (17/156), and first-time donors were 9.4% (48/513). On bivariate analyses, first-time blood donors were 1.5 times more likely to test positive for HBsAg compared to repeat donors (cPOR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.61–3.57). Females were 1.4 times more likely to test positive for HBsAg compared to male donors (cPOR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.76–2.54).

Conclusions

The majority of the voluntary blood donors were males and the majority of occult HBV infections came in the first-time blood donor group. We recommend increasing targeted recruitment of repeat donors by encouraging healthy first-timer donors to be regular donors, and suggest this population should be vaccinated against HBV infections.
Impact of age, sex and surgery type on engagement with an online patient education and support platform developed for total hip and knee replacement patients
Authors: Martin Rebecca , Clark Natalie , Baker Paul
Published: July 2022

Background

Patients should be active participants in the management of their condition and provided with appropriate information throughout their care pathway. We piloted an online digital platform (ODP) to deliver patient education and support (PES) for patients undergoing total hip (THR) and knee replacements (TKR). The aim of this study is to analyse the demographics of patients using the ODP, determine how and when they accessed the ODP and how different sexes and age groups interacted with the ODP.

Methods

Demographics and program library logs for patients registered to the ODP between 21st September 2017 and 28th May 2020 was obtained. Associations between age, sex, type of surgery and engagement were assessed using statistical comparisons.

Results

1195 patients were registered on the ODP of which 832 (69.6%) accessed their carepacs. Patients accessed the content within their carepacs a mean of 29.1 times, spending a mean total time of 83 minutes. There was greater engagement for patients with a THR carepac (75.5%) compared to TKR (63.8%) (p<0.001). There were no differences in the proportion of patients that accessed the ODP or the total time spent on the platform dependent upon age (p = 0.34). Females accessed the platform more than males (p = 0.03). The use of a computer to access the ODP increased as age increased, whereas the use of a phone was favoured by the younger age groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion

An ODP providing information to patients regarding their surgery is effective and demonstrates high levels of patient engagement. An online resource such as this does not discriminate against age or sex in terms of accessibility and can be useful for information provision.
Cochlear implant positioning and fixation using 3D-printed patient specific surgical guides; a cadaveric study
Authors: Markodimitraki Laura M. , ten Harkel Timen C. , Bleys Ronald L. A. W. , Stegeman Inge , Thomeer Hans G. X. M.
Published: July 2022

Hypothesis

To develop and validate the optimal design and evaluate accuracy of individualized 3D- printed surgical guides for cochlear implantation.

Background

Positioning and fixation of the cochlear implant (CI) are commonly performed free hand. Applications of 3-dimensional (3D) technology now allow us to make patient specific, bone supported surgical guides, to aid CI surgeons with precise placement and drilling out the bony well which accommodates the receiver/stimulator device of the CI.

Methods

Cone beam CT (CBCT) scans were acquired from temporal bones in 9 cadaveric heads (18 ears), followed by virtual planning of the CI position. Surgical, bone-supported drilling guides were designed to conduct a minimally invasive procedure and were 3D-printed. Fixation screws were used to keep the guide in place in predetermined bone areas. Specimens were implanted with 3 different CI models. After implantation, CBCT scans of the implanted specimens were performed. Accuracy of CI placement was assessed by comparing the 3D models of the planned and implanted CI’s by calculating the translational and rotational deviations.

Results

Median translational deviations of placement in the X- and Y-axis were within the predetermined clinically relevant deviation range (< 3 mm per axis); median translational deviation in the Z-axis was 3.41 mm. Median rotational deviations of placement for X-, Y- and Z-rotation were 5.50°, 4.58° and 3.71°, respectively.

Conclusion

This study resulted in the first 3D-printed, patient- and CI- model specific surgical guide for positioning during cochlear implantation. The next step for the development and evaluation of this surgical guide will be to evaluate the method in clinical practice.
Next generation biosecurity: Towards genome based identification to prevent spread of agronomic pests and pathogens using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Frey Jürg E. , Frey Beatrice , Frei Daniel , Blaser Simon , Gueuning Morgan , Bühlmann Andreas
Published: July 2022

The unintentional movement of agronomic pests and pathogens is steadily increasing due to the intensification of global trade. Being able to identify accurately and rapidly early stages of an invasion is critical for developing successful eradication or management strategies. For most invasive organisms, molecular diagnostics is today the method of choice for species identification. However, the currently implemented tools are often developed for certain taxa and need to be adapted for new species, making them ill-suited to cope with the current constant increase in new invasive species. To alleviate this impediment, we developed a fast and accurate sequencing tool allowing to modularly obtain genetic information at different taxonomical levels. Using whole genome amplification (WGA) followed by Oxford nanopore MinION sequencing, our workflow does not require any a priori knowledge on the investigated species and its classification. While mainly focusing on harmful plant pathogenic insects, we also demonstrate the suitability of our workflow for the molecular identification of bacteria (Erwinia amylovora and Escherichia coli), fungi (Cladosporium herbarum, Colletotrichum salicis, Neofabraea alba) and nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis). On average, the pairwise identity between the generated consensus sequences and best GenBank BLAST matches was 99.6 ± 0.6%. Additionally, assessing the generated insect genomic dataset, the potential power of the workflow to detect pesticide resistance genes, as well as arthropod-infecting viruses and endosymbiotic bacteria is demonstrated.
Using DNA metabarcoding and a novel canid-specific blocking oligonucleotide to investigate the composition of animal diets of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) inhabiting the waterside area in Korea
Authors: Woo Cheolwoon , Kumari Priyanka , Eo Kyung Yeon , Lee Woo-Shin , Kimura Junpei , Yamamoto Naomichi
Published: July 2022

The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is known to be an opportunistic generalist who feeds on a wide variety of foods. Historically, their diet has been investigated by morphological observation of undigested remains in feces, requiring specialized knowledge such as osteology, zoology, and phytology. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding of vertebrate 12S rRNA gene and invertebrate 16S rRNA gene to investigate their fecal contents. Additionally, we developed a blocking oligonucleotide that specifically inhibits the amplification of the canid 12S rRNA gene. We confirmed that the blocking oligonucleotide selectively inhibit the amplification of raccoon dog’s DNA without significantly changing the composition of the preys’ DNA. We found that the main foods of raccoon dogs in our study area, the waterside of paddy fields in Korea, were fishes such as Cyprinidae and insects such as mole crickets, which makes sense given the Korean fauna and their well-known opportunistic feeding behaviors. As a method to conveniently and objectively investigate feeding habits of raccoon dogs, this study provided baseline information on DNA metabarcoding. By using DNA metabarcoding, it is expected that the diet habits and ecology of raccoon dogs will be better understood by future research.
Profit distribution mechanism of agricultural supply chain based on fair entropy
Authors: Gu Fuzhen , Yu Xun
Published: July 2022

This paper constructs a profit distribution model under centralized decision-making by taking the secondary agricultural supply chain as an example. Moreover, it introduces resources and risk as two factors to form significant weights and then designs a fair profit distribution mechanism of the supply chain according to the weights. Finally, this paper solves the optimal solution of the profit distribution coefficient by using fair entropy. Research results find that the distribution according to the optimal profit distribution coefficient can maximize the profit of each actor and achieves the matching of returns and inputs. Therefore, this paper puts forward some suggestions that include establishing a precise distribution mechanism based on contracts or property rights definitions, considering the cost and importance weight of each actor’s input when formulating the profit distribution coefficient, and paying attention to information sharing.
Depression and anxiety and their associated factors among caregivers of children and adolescents with epilepsy in three selected hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tsehay Mekonnen , Necho Mogesie , Belete Asmare , Srahbzu Mengesha
Published: July 2022

Background

The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety are unforeseen among primary caregivers of patients with epilepsy. Little attention is being given to the problem in Ethiopia.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among caregivers of children and adolescents with epilepsy in three selected hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Methods

Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ethiopia from January 1-30/2021. Systematic sampling technique was used. The Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaires were used to measure depression and anxiety respectively. Binary logistic regression model was employed independently for both depression and anxiety. Variables with P-values <0.2 were taken to multivariate analyses. Variables with P-value <0.05 in the multivariate analyses were considered to have a statistical association with depression and anxiety.

Result

A total of 383 participants involved yielding a response rate of 90.5%. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were found to be 13.7% and 10.4% respectively. Being female (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.21: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00, 3.82), being unmarried (AOR = 1.31; 95%CI: 0.32, 5.023), having history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.98), current seizure attack (AOR = 4.19; 95%CI: 1.36, 12.97), duration of care 6-11years (AOR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.11, 7.58), duration of care > 11years (AOR = 6.90; 95%CI: 1.56, 30.49), moderate social support (AOR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.81), strong social support (AOR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.22, 1.67) and currently use substance (AOR = 2.01;95%CI: 1.63, 6.46) were factors associated with depression. On the other hand, being unmarried (AOR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.93), current seizure attack (AOR = 1.81 with 95% CI = 1.28–2.54), able to read and write (AOR = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.77), completed primary and secondary education (AOR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.76), current substance use (AOR = 1.466; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.93), being parent (AOR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.31, 4.96), rural (AOR = 3.75; 95%CI: 1.40, 10.04) and grand mal type (AOR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.68, 2.91) were factors associated with anxiety.

Conclusions

In our study, approximately one in fifteen and more than one in ten caregivers had depression and anxiety respectively. The result of this study suggested that healthcare providers need to pay more attention to the psychological well-being of all caregivers of children and adolescents with epilepsy.
Investigating racial bias within Australian rules football commentary
Authors: MacLeod Scott A. , Newall Philip W. S.
Published: July 2022

International research has shown that live sports commentary exhibits racial bias. Specifically, non-White players are more likely to be praised in terms of their physicality, while White players are more likely to be praised in terms of their intellect and character. The current study, which utilised a quantitative content analysis design, examined whether the speech of AFL commentators exhibited racial bias. The study randomly selected 50 men’s AFL game quarters from the 2019 AFL season and analysed 1368 applicable statements directed at 382 unique players. Based on prior research, a coding instrument was developed that incorporated three main categories (physical, cognitive, and character attributes), and six subcategories (physical ability, appearance, cognitive ability, intelligence, general character, and hard work). In contrast to the international literature, findings revealed that there were no significant between-race differences for each main attribute category. However, non-White players received a higher proportion of statements related to their physical ability, and a lower proportion of statements related to their appearance compared to White players. Non-White players also received a higher proportion of negative statements related to their cognitive ability compared to White players. There was no evidence found to suggest that players of any race were discussed in terms of their physical ability being innate, natural, or instinctual. Given the strong, but also dated, evidence showing racial bias within both American and European sports commentary, the current study provides only weak evidence for the existence of racial bias within contemporary AFL live commentary.
Investigating the associations between intimate partner violence and nutritional status of women in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mukamana Jeanette Iman’ishimwe , Machakanja Pamela , Zeeb Hajo , Yaya Sanni , Adjei Nicholas Kofi
Published: July 2022

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and poor nutritional status are growing health problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Moreover, violence against women has been shown to be associated with poor nutrition. This study investigated the relationship between IPV and nutritional status (i.e., underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Zimbabwe.

Methods

Pooled data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011, and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Surveys (ZDHS) on 13,008 married/cohabiting women were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between the various forms of IPV and the nutritional status of women. We further estimated the prevalence of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (overweight and obesity) by intimate partner violence type.

Results

The mean BMI of women was 24.3 kg/m2, more than one-fifth (24%) were overweight and about 12% were obese. Forty-three percent (43%) of women reported to have ever experienced at least one form of intimate partner violence. More than one-third (35%) of women who reported to have ever experienced at least one form of intimate partner violence had a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (p< 0.01). Relative to normal weight, women who had ever experienced at least one form of IPV (i.e., physical, emotional, or sexual) were more likely to be obese (aOR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.05–6.39). Women’s exposure to any form of intimate partner violence was not significantly associated with the likelihood of being underweight or overweight relative to normal weight.

Conclusions

The study findings show that women of reproductive age in Zimbabwe are at high risk of both IPV and excess weight. Moreover, we found a positive relationship between exposure to at least one form IPV and obesity. Public health interventions that target the well-being, empowerment and development of women are needed to address the complex issue of IPV and adverse health outcomes, including obesity.
Use of proposed systolic and myocardial performance indices derived from simultaneous ECG and PCG recordings to assess cardiac function in healthy Beagles
Authors: Gicana Karlo Romano B. , Pinidmontree Chirutchaya , Kosalathip Kitchanan , Sirirut Siraphop , Komolvanich Siripen , Asawakarn Sariya , Sakcamduang Walasinee , Naiyanetr Phornphop , Tachampa Kittipong
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: Cardiac time intervals (CTIs) can provide important information on the electrical and mechanical properties of the heart. We hypothesized that cardiac function can be described using the combined power of electrocardiography (ECG) and phonocardiography (PCG) signals. This study aimed to (1) validate a novel custom device in measuring CTI parameters; (2) compare CTI parameters with a commercially available device and standard transthoracic echocardiography (STE); and (3) compare calculated systolic performance index (SPI) and myocardial performance index (MPI) with Tei index from the STE.

Materials and Methods: This study determined CTIs based on simultaneous ECG and PCG recordings in 14 healthy Beagle dogs using the custom-built device. These CTI parameters were compared with a commercially available device (Eko DUO ECG + Digital Stethoscope; Eko DUO) and the STE. Agreement of CTI parameters between the custom device and the commercially available device or STE was evaluated. Calculated SPI and MPI based on Wigger's diagram were proposed, compared with SPI and Tei index, and correlated with STE parameters.

Results: We found that the ECG and PCG parameters measured from the custom-built device did not differ from the commercially available device and the STE. By combining ECG and PCG signals, we established CTI parameters in healthy dogs including indices for systolic function (SPI: QS1/S1S2) and global cardiac function {F1 ([QS1+S2]/S1S2), F2 ([RS1+S2]/S1S2), and F3 (RS1 + [QS2-QT]/S1S2)}. The SPI, F2, and F3 were comparable with echocardiographic parameters describing systolic (Pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time [LVET]) and Tei index ([MCOdur-LVET]/ LVET), respectively. Only SPI and F3 were correlated significantly with MCOdur and heart rate, respectively.

Conclusion: We have validated the use of the custom-built device to describe CTIs that are comparable to the commercially available device and STE in healthy Beagles. The proposed SPI and MPI derived from CTI parameters can be useful in clinical practice to describe the cardiac function, especially in areas where access to STE is constrained.
The Determinants of Divorce in Malaysia: The Role of ED, Ethnicity, and Religion
Authors: Idham Adi
Published: July 2022

The growing divorce rate is one of the main sociocultural problems in Malaysia today. The history of divorce in Malaysia is both fascinating and complex. It should be addressed individually for Malays, Chinese, and Indians as well as Muslims and non-Muslims since there have historically been significant and fundamental distinctions in rates of divorce between these communities. Apart from these demographic factors, physical factor such as a husband's erectile dysfunction is a common disorders that may make sexual activity challenging. It may result in a lack of intimacy in a marriage, impacting both partners' mental health, and perhaps marriage itself. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of these both demographical and physical factors on marital dissolution. We applied the Probit and Logit binary models using a primary dataset of 164 divorced and non-divorced couples. Other relevant factors such as childlessness, debt, education, and income were also included. According to our findings, divorce is more frequent in Malay and Muslim communities and less frequent in chinses and non-Muslim couples. The findings also indicate that childlessness and income have no major influence on divorce. Having a debt burden, education level, and suffering fromerectile dysfunctionincreasethe probability of divorce.
Intentions to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine Among University Students
Authors: Shelton Ryan , Gorham Natalie , Owen Kaleigh , Eisenstat Elise
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, is an infectious respiratory disease that has caused a global pandemic beginning in March of 2020 (CDC, 2020). Without a known cure for this new illness, major events have been canceled or rescheduled to avoid mass exposure. This includes college universities moving their classes to an online format, drastically impacting the students' learning experience. Without a vaccine or control of the virus, there is no foreseeable future with in-person classes or college events. With COVID-19 having such a large impact on college campuses in 2020, this study explored variables that impact college students' intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine as multiple on-going clinical trials exist to develop a vaccination. This study examined the variables of political party affiliation, interest in universal healthcare, receiving the flu shot last year, perceived susceptibility, and tobacco use. Data collection occurred by an online survey sent to all students in a James Madison University (JMU) Health Research Methods class. Analysis of survey results indicated a relationship existed between COVID-19 vaccine intentions and the variables of political party affiliation and receiving the flu shot last year. From this analysis, it was concluded that those who are registered as Democratic or liberal and those who received a flu shot are more likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Results from this study are vital for public health officials to target the college population in order to achieve herd immunity for COVID-19 once a vaccine becomes available.
Policy Brief: Right-to-Work Legislation 1947—Present in the United States
Authors: Whitaker Nicholas
Published: July 2022

Union membership rates have been declining in the US since around 1950. After Congress allowed states to pass Right-to-Work (RTW) laws in 1947, 27 states have enacted legislation that outlaws the requirement of joining a union as a condition of employment. Existing research suggests that these RTW laws increase the free-rider problem for union organizations and reduce union membership, therefore decreasing union bargaining power and both union and nonunion wage rates. The value of unions in the US labor market is not the focus of this brief, although I give some background on that issue as motivation. Past literature has yielded suggestive results, but more recent literature employs modern research designs that plausibly conclude RTW diminishes union membership and union power in states after it is enacted.
El Darwinion de San Isidro, certezas e interrogantes de un edificio original
Authors: Bellucci Alberto G.
Published: July 2022

No matter how little imagination one has, the vision of the corner building of the Darwinion -wrapped in lush vegetation and in the middle of exclusive San Isidro neighborhood of cobbled streets and stately residences- can only awaken unforeseen associations with a Hindu temple, some esoteric cenotaph, a masonic center, the fearsome laboratory of Dr. No or even the Orc of Bomarzo, over whose dark mouth ´ogni pensiero vola´.