bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the formation of toma hills based on fluid dynamics with a modified Voellmy rheology
Authors: Hergarten Stefan
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Toma hills are the perhaps most enigmatic morphological feature found in rock avalanche deposits. While it was already proposed that toma hills might emerge from the fluid-like behavior of rock avalanches, there still seems to be no consistent explanation for their occurrence. This paper presents numerical results based on a modified version of Voellmy's rheology, which was recently developed for explaining the long runout of rock avalanches. In contrast to the widely used original version, the modified Voellmy rheology defines distinct regimes of Coulomb friction at low velocities and velocity-dependent friction at high velocities. When movement slows down, falling back to Coulomb friction may cause a sudden increase in friction. Material accumulates in the region upstream of a point where this happens. In turn, high velocities may persist for some time in the downstream and lateral range, resulting in a thin deposit layer finally. In combination, both processes generate more or less isolated hills with shapes and sizes similar to toma hills found in real rock avalanche deposits. So the modified Voellmy rheology suggests a simple mechanism for the formation of toma hills.
Transient Attracting Profiles in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Authors: Kunz Luca , Griesel Alexa , Eden Carsten , Duran Rodrigo , Sainte-Rose Bruno
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A major challenge for cleanup operations in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the daily prediction of plastic concentrations that allows to identify hotspots of marine debris. Lagrangian simulations of large particle ensembles are the method in use and effectively reproduce observed particle distributions at synoptic scales 𝒪 (1000 km). However, they lose accuracy at operational scales 𝒪 (1−10 km) and operators regularly experience differences between predicted and encountered debris accumulations within the garbage patch. Instead of asking Where do objects go as they follow the current? as in Lagrangian methods, we here take a different approach and question Which locations attract material?. The recently developed concept of Transient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs) provides answers to this since it allows to detect the most attractive regions of the flow. TRAPs are the attractive form of hyperbolic Objective Eulerian Coherent Structures and can be computed from the instantaneous strain field on the ocean surface. They describe flow features that attract drifting objects and could facilitate offshore cleanups which are currently taking place in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. However, the concept remains unapplied since little is known about the persistence and attractive properties of these features in the Pacific. Therefore, we compute a 20-years dataset of daily TRAP detections from satellite-derived mesoscale velocities within the North Pacific subtropical gyre. We are the first to track these instantaneous flow features as they propagate through space and time. This allows us to study the life cycle of TRAPs which can range from days to seasons and on average lasts for Λ ≈ (6 ± 12) days. We show how long-living TRAPs with lifetimes of Λ > 30 days intensify and weaken over their life cycle and demonstrate that the evolution stage of TRAPs affects the motion of nearby surface drifters. Our findings indicate that operators in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch should search for long-living TRAPs that are at an advanced stage of their life cycle. These TRAPs are most likely to induce large-scale confluence of drifting objects and their streamlining into hyperbolic pathways. Such a streamlined bypass takes on average φ ≈ (5.3 ± 3.8) days and could be exploited to filter the flow around TRAPs. But we also find TRAPs that retain material over multiple weeks where we suspect material clustering at the submesoscale, prospective research could investigate this with soon available high-resolution observations of the flow. Eventually, our research may also benefit other challenges that are related to the search at sea, such as optimal drifter deployment, the identification of foraging hotspots or humanitarian search and rescue.
Milankovitch Theory “as an Initial Value Problem”
Authors: Verbitsky Mikhail
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The dynamics of large ice sheets is fundamentally defined by the advection of mass and temperature. The timescale of these processes is critically dependent on the surface mass balance. Because of the ice-climate system's nonlinearity, its response to the orbital forcing in terms of engagement of negative and positive feedbacks is not symmetrical. This asymmetry may reduce the effective mass influx, and the resultant advection timescale may become longer, which is equivalent to the increased system’s memory of its initial conditions. In this case the Milankovitch theory becomes an initial value problem: Depending on initial conditions, for the same orbital forcing and for the same balance between terrestrial positive and negative feedbacks, the historical glacial rhythmicity could have been dominated either by the eccentricity period of ~100 kyr, or by the doubled obliquity period of ~80 kyr, or by a combination of both.
Carbon balance and emissions of methane and nitrous oxide during four years of moderate rewetting of a cultivated peat soil site
Authors: Lång Kristiina , Honkanen Henri , Heikkinen Jaakko , Saarnio Sanna , Larmola Tuula , Kekkonen Hanna
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We experimented a gradual water table rise at a highly degraded agricultural peat soil site with plots of willow, forage and mixed vegetation (set-aside) in southern Finland. We measured the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) for four years. The mean annual ground water table depth was about 80, 40, 40 and 30 cm in 2019–2022, respectively. The results indicated that a 10 cm raise in the water table depth was able to slow down annual CO2 emissions from soil respiration by 0.87 Mg CO2-C ha-1. CH4 fluxes changed from uptake to emissions with a raise in the water table depth, and the maximum mean annual emission rate was 11 kg CH4-C. Nitrous oxide emissions ranged from 2 to 33 kg N2O-N ha-1 year; they were high from bare soil in the beginning of the experiment but decreased towards the end of the experiment. Short rotation cropping of willow reached net sequestration of carbon before harvest, but all treatments and years showed net loss of carbon based on the net ecosystem carbon balance. Overall, the short rotation coppice of willow had the most favourable carbon and greenhouse gas balance over the years (10 Mg CO2 eq. on the average over four years). The total greenhouse gas balance of the forage and set-aside treatments did not go under 27 Mg CO2 eq. ha-1 year-1 highlighting the challenge in curbing peat decomposition in highly degraded cultivated peatlands.
Multi-centennial evolution of the climate response and deep-ocean heat uptake in a set of abrupt stabilization scenarios with EC-Earth3
Authors: Fabiano Federico , Davini Paolo , Meccia Virna L. , Zappa Giuseppe , Bellucci Alessio , Lembo Valerio , Bellomo Katinka , Corti Susanna
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Understanding long-term committed climate change due to anthropogenic forcing is key to informing climate policies, yet these timescales are still underexplored. We present here a set of 1000-year-long abrupt stabilization simulations performed with EC-Earth3. Each simulation follows a sudden stabilization of the external forcing at the level specified by CMIP6 for historical (1990) or SSP5-8.5 scenario (2025, 2050, 2065, 2080, 2100) conditions, with a final temperature increase ranging between 1.4 and 9.6 K with respect to the pre-industrial baseline. Remarkably, the simulation stabilized at a greenhouse gas (GHG) level close to the present day (2025) exceeds the Paris Agreement goals of 1.5 and 2° warming above pre-industrial in the long term, and only the 1990 simulation leads to a stabilized climate below 1.5° warming. We first focus on the evolution of the climate response at multi-centennial timescales and its dependence on the level of forcing. We note a decrease in the magnitude of the climate feedback parameter at longer timescales. Conversely, simulations with higher forcing exhibit a larger feedback parameter (in magnitude). Subsequently, the evolution of surface warming patterns over multi-centennial timescales is studied. While the response is generally consistent across simulations, some variations, particularly in the South Pacific and at high latitudes, suggest a certain level of state or forcing dependence. The patterns of precipitation change also evolve during the stabilization runs: the drying trends found in the subtropical oceans and in Mediterranean-like hotspots in the SSP5-8.5 scenario tend to be reduced or even reversed. We finally focus on the rate of heat storage in the global ocean, which is the main driver of the climate response at multi-centennial timescales. We find that the rate of warming of the deep ocean is almost independent from the amplitude of the forcing so that most of the additional heat remains in the upper layers at high forcing. This might be due – at least partly – to a decreased ventilation of the deep ocean, caused by changes in the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). These results highlight the importance of studying multi-centennial timescales of climate change to better understand the response of the deep ocean, which will play a crucial role in determining the final state of the climate system once GHG concentrations are stabilized.
Lambda-PFLOTRAN 1.0: Workflow for Incorporating Organic Matter Chemistry Informed by Ultra High Resolution Mass Spectrometry into Biogeochemical Modeling
Authors: Muller Katherine A. , Jiang Peishi , Hammond Glenn , Ahmadullah Tasneem , Song Hyun-Seob , Kukkadapu Ravi , Ward Nicholas , Bowe Madison , Chu Rosalie K. , Zhao Qian , Garayburu-Caruso Vanessa A. , Roebuck Alan , Chen Xingyuan
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Organic matter (OM) composition plays a central role in microbial respiration of dissolved organic matter and subsequent biogeochemical reactions. Here, a direct connection of organic carbon chemistry and thermodynamics to reactive transport simulators has been achieved through the newly developed Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow tool that succinctly incorporates carbon chemistry data generated from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) into reaction networks to simulate organic matter degradation and the resulting biogeochemistry. Lambda-PFLOTRAN is a python-based workflow, executed through a Jupyter Notebook interface, that digests raw FTICR-MS data, develops a representative reaction network based on substrate-explicit thermodynamic modeling (also termed lambda modeling due to its key thermodynamic parameter λ used therein), and completes a biogeochemical simulation with the open source, reactive flow and transport code PFLOTRAN. The workflow consists of the following five steps: configuration, thermodynamic (lambda) analysis, sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation, and simulation output and visualization. Two test cases are provided to demonstrate the functionality of the Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow. The first test case uses laboratory incubation data of temporal oxygen depletion to fit lambda parameters (i.e., maximum utilization rate and microbial carrying capacity). A slightly more complex second test case fits multiple lambda formulation and soil organic matter release parameters to temporal greenhouse gas generation measured during a soil incubation. Overall, the Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow facilitates upscaling by using molecular-scale characterization to inform biogeochemical processes occurring at larger scales.
Analysis of the effects of urban micro-scale vulnerabilities on tsunami evacuation using an agent-based model – case study in the city of Iquique, Chile
Authors: Cienfuegos Rodrigo , Álvarez Gonzalo , León Jorge , Urrutia Alejandro , Castro Sebastián
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The occurrence of mega-tsunamis over the last couple of decades has greatly increased the efforts of the research community and practitioners to work hand in hand to reduce risks from these highly destructive threats. Protecting the population through evacuation is the best alternative for avoiding loss of life in the wake of the occurrence of a tsunamigenic earthquake. Therefore, guaranteeing the proper state of evacuation routes is very important to ensuring appropriate movement to the safe zones. This study carries out a detailed analysis of possible evacuation scenarios, considering the actual state of the escape routes of Iquique, a Chilean city prone to tsunamis, with a substantial number of urban micro-scale vulnerabilities, i.e., elements that obstruct or complicate pedestrian flow. The quantification of the delay in evacuation processes resulting from the presence of urban micro-vulnerabilities is carried out through micro-scale agent-based model (ABM) simulations. In addition, these results are integrated with high-resolution tsunami inundation simulations, allowing for an estimation of the potential number of people that the tsunami may reach under different scenarios by emulating the dynamics and behavior of the population and the decision-making regarding the starting time of the evacuation.
The different dynamic influences of Typhoon Kalmaegi on two pre-existing anticyclonic ocean eddies
Authors: He Yihao , Lin Xiayan , Han Guoqing , Liu Yu , Zhang Han
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Using multi-source observational data and GLORYS12V1 reanalysis data, we conduct a comparative analysis of different responses of two warm eddies, AE1 and AE2 in the northern South China Sea, to Typhoon Kalmaegi during September 2014. The findings of our research are as follows: (1) for horizontal distribution, the area and the sea surface temperature (SST) of AE1 and AE2 decrease by about 31 % (36 %) and 0.4 °C (0.6 °C). The amplitude, Rossby number (Ro = relative vorticity / Coriolis parameter) and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) of AE1 increase by 1.3 cm (5.7 %), 1.4×10-2 (20.6 %) and 107.2 cm2 s−2 (49.2 %) after the typhoon, respectively, while AE2 weakens and the amplitude, Rossby number and EKE decrease by 3.1 cm (14.6 %), 1.6×10-2 (26.2 %) and 38.5 cm2 s−2 (20.2 %), respectively. (2) In the vertical direction, AE1 demonstrates enhanced convergence, leading to an increase in temperature and a decrease in salinity above 150 m. The response below the mixed-layer depth (MLD) is particularly prominent (1.3 °C). In contrast, AE2 experiences cooling and a decrease in salinity above the MLD. Below the MLD, it exhibits a subsurface temperature drop and salinity increase due to the upwelling of cold water induced by the suction effect of the typhoon. (3) The disparity in the responses of the two warm eddies can be attributed to their different positions relative to Typhoon Kalmaegi. Under the influence of negative wind stress curl outside the maximum wind radius (Rmax) of the typhoon, triggering negative Ekman pumping velocity (EPV) and quasi-geostrophic adjustment of the eddy, the warm eddy AE1, with its center to the left of the typhoon's path, further enhances the converging sinking of the upper warm water, resulting in its intensification. On the other hand, the warm eddy AE2, situated closer to the center of the typhoon, weakens due to the cold suction caused by the strong positive wind stress curl within the typhoon's Rmax. The same polarity eddies may have different response to typhoons. The distance between eddies and typhoons, eddy intensity, and the background field need to be considered.
Surface heat fluxes at coarse blocky Murtèl rock glacier (Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps)
Authors: Amschwand Dominik , Scherler Martin , Hoelzle Martin , Krummenacher Bernhard , Haberkorn Anna , Kienholz Christian , Gubler Hansueli
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We estimate the surface energy balance (SEB) of the Murtèl rock glacier, a seasonally snow-covered permafrost landform with a ventilated coarse blocky active layer (AL) located in the eastern Swiss Alps. We focus on the parameterisation of the turbulent heat fluxes. Seasonally contrasting atmospheric conditions occur in the Murtèl cirque, with downslope katabatic jets in winter and a strongly unstable atmosphere over the heated blocky surface in summer. We use a novel comprehensive sensor array both above the ground surface and in the coarse blocky AL to track the rapid coupling by convective heat and moisture fluxes between the atmosphere, the snow cover, and the AL for the time period September 2020–September 2022. The in situ sensor array includes a sonic anemometer for eddy-covariance flux above-ground and sub-surface long-wave radiation measurements in a natural cavity between the AL blocks. During the thaw seasons, the measurements suggest an efficient (∼ 90 %) export of the available net radiation by sensible and latent turbulent fluxes, thereby strongly limiting the heat available for melting ground ice. Turbulent export of heat and moisture drawn from the permeable AL contributes to the well-known insulating effect of the coarse blocky AL and partly explains the climate resiliency of rock glaciers. This self-cooling capacity is counteracted by an early snow melt-out date, exposing the low-albedo blocky surface to the intense June–July insolation and causing reduced evaporative cooling due to exacerbated moisture scarcity in the near-surface AL during dry spells. With climate change, earlier snowmelt and increased frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves and droughts are projected. Regarding the parameterisation of the turbulent fluxes, we estimated the year-round turbulent fluxes using a modified Louis (1979) scheme. The monthly SEB is closed within 20 W m−2 except during the snowmelt months and under katabatic drainage winds in winter. Detected sensible turbulent fluxes from nocturnal ventilation processes, although a potentially important ground cooling mechanism, are within our 20 W m−2 uncertainty because nighttime wind speeds are low. Wintertime katabatic wind speeds needed to be scaled to close the SEB, which hints at the limits of parameterisations based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory in complex mountain terrain and katabatic drainage winds. The present work contributes to the process understanding of the SEB and climate sensitivity of coarse blocky landforms.
الدلالة الصوتية لرسم الحرف القرآني في رواية قالون
Authors: المدني الطاهر محمد , تواتوا أيوب محمد
Published: April 2024

الدلالة الصوتية لرسم الحرف القرآني في رواية قالون
    يهتم هذا البحث بدراسة العلاقة بين الحروف في القرآن الكريم ورموزها الكتابية، في رواية قالون عن نافع المدني، بمعنى هل تمثل الحروف المرسومة رموزها المتعارفة معيارياً، أم أنّ هناك انحرافات عن تلك الرموز،  فتُمثّلُ بأكثر من رمز حين يتم تعويضها بصوت آخر لعلاقة بين الصوتين فيما عرف بالإبدال أو القلب، أو المماثلة، أو لعلاقة تاريخية، وما دلالة رسم الحرف برمز غير رمزه المتعارف، بل ما الدلالة الصوتية للحرف الذي يُرسم برمزين مختلفين في كلمة واحدة أو كلمتين متجاورتين، مع ملاحظة أن هذا البحث يدرس ما هو واقع فعلي معمول به في رواية قالون. 
   بتتبع هذه العلاقات تبين أن الرسم المزدوج للحرف يحدث لأسباب صوتية أكدها البحث من خلال دراسته لما يعرف بتاء التأنيث والهاء المربوطة، وفي رسم تنوين النصب ألفاً.
    ودرس البحث دلالة رسم الحروف برموز غير التي تعارف عليها الرسم المعياري لها وذلك حين تتغير بحكم تجاورها مع ما يقاربها ومن ذلك رسم تاء افتعل دالا إذا سبقها زاي أو ذال أو دال حال كونها ساكنة، فأصل الدال في كل ذلك تاءٌ ، ومنها رسم تاء افتعل طاءً، إذا سبقها صاد، أو ظاء، أو ضاد، أو طاء وكن سواكناً، أنّما رُسمت بالرمز الجديد للمنطوق بفعل القوانين الصوتية، حيث يبدأ الحرف برمز ويصير إلى آخر.
    كما تناول البحث الحرف الذي رُسم برمز ولكن المنطوق هو صوتٌ غيره، يحدث ذلك في رسم الألف ياءً فيما أصله ياء، في مثل: فتىا، و استسقىـاـه، رأىا، و رسم الألف واواً فيما أصله واو في مثل ألفاظ: الصلـاوة، و الزكـاوة ، و الحيـاوة ، ومن ذلك ما يحدث فيما يُعرف بالإقلاب، وهو عبارة عن قلب النون الساكنة و التنوين ميما عند الباء، فالمرسوم هو النون أو التنوين والمنطوق هو الميم، في نحو: أنـمبأهم، و أنْم بورك، وهنيأم بما، و لقد رُسم الهمز المسهل بين بين، والهمز المبدل بالتغديرة، حيث إن التغديرة تخلف الهمزة المحذوفة رسماً، ولكن المنطوق هو الألف، أو الياء المدية، أو الواو المدية، في حال الهمز المسهل، وتنطق ياءً أو واواً لينتين في حال الإبدال، و كل هذه التغيرات في المنطوق والمرسوم سببها تجاور الحروف وتقاربها في المخارج والصفات.
    وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج أهمها أن الرسم المزدوج للحروف مرده إلى القواعد الصوتية التي تفرضه، كما لاستقلالية الكلمتين المتجاورتين أثر في ذلك، وأن بعض الاتصال في كلمات يكون حكمياً وليس حقيقياً وله أثره في الرسم، وأن العلاقة بين الحرف ورمزه تتأثر إضافة إلى علاقات التقارب والتجاور تتأثر بالعلاقة التاريخية لكتابة الحروف، وتخضع مبدأ التطور.
دور المرأة الليبية في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة وتطوير المجتمع: المرأة في مدينة سبها نموذجًا
Authors: للوه زينب عبدالله سالم , أبو القاسم هناء عبد المعتمد عبد الله
Published: April 2024

تستهدف هذه الدراسة بيان مفهوم وأبعاد التنمية المستدامة، والتعرف على الدور التي ساهمت به المرأة الليبية في مدينة سبها في الأنشطة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، وأخيرًا إبراز الصعوبات والتحديات التي تعيق المرأة الليبية في مدينة سبها في التنمية المستدامة وتطوير المجتمع. وتعتبر المرأة من العناصر الفعالة والمساهمة في تطوير وتنمية المجتمع، لهذا أصبحت مهمتها التنموية هي النهوض بالمجتمع نحو الأفضل، وعلى هذا الأساس تنطلق الدراسة من فرضية أساسية مفادها التحقق من مدى دور المرأة في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، وذلك من خلال التجارب الواقعية التي خاضتها المرأة بمدينة سبها في كل المجالات التنموية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية، وتنتهج هذه الدراسة منهجًا استقرائيًا باستخدام التحليل الوصفي من خلال المنهج النوعي بإجراء مقابلات شخصية مع القياديات بمدينة سبها كأداة لجمع البيانات. ومن أبرز نتائج الدراسة بأن المرأة الليبية بالتحديد المرأة بمدينة سبها ساهمت مساهمة كبيرة في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في النشاط الاجتماعي من حيث مساعدة الأسر الفقيرة ومساعدة الشباب في بعض المجالات وإقامة العديد من المشاريع مع النساء ذوات الدخل المحدود، وأيضًا ساهمت في تحقيق التواصل الاجتماعي المفيد والمثمر وتشجيع الآخرين على إقامة مشاريع. أما بالنسبة لنشاطها الاقتصادي من وجهة نظر البحوثات تبين عدم وجود دعم من قبل الدولة أغلب الأسر تعتمد على مدخولها للمشاركة في أنشطتها الاقتصادية من الجمعيات بالمشاريع الفردية أو المجتمعية مثل: إقامة المعارض والكورسات وأنشطة الخياطة والأكل الشعبي. وكانت الصعوبات والتحديات التي تعيق المرأة الليبية بمدينة سبها في التنمية المستدامة وتطوير المجتمع، تمثلت في المرأة نفسها أو في محيطها الاجتماعي، وأيضًا العادات والتقاليد، وصعوبة المرأة في مدينة سبها التنقل من مكان لآخر، ونظرة المجتمع للمرأة في مدينة سبها من خلال قيامها بدورها ثانوي في هذا الشأن.
يؤمل من هذه الدراسة أنها قد ساهمت في إلقاء الضوء حول التوفيق بين دور المرأة الليبية والتنمية المستدامة وتطوير المجتمع باعتبارهما متغيرين مهمين في العصر الراهن في كل المجالات.
Wooden Boats and Shipping Organizations in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (1700-1850)
Authors: Chen Yao
Published: April 2024

Between 1700 and 1850, there were an estimated 125,000 wooden boats in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a load capacity of more than two million tons. The transport capacity and the wide distribution of these boats demonstrate that the relationship between multitiered markets was growing closer, and China’s national market was expanding more widely. In this period, direct supervision from government was so difficult to implement effectively that the task of ensuring the safety and order of water transportation fell to the commercial agencies, such as boat brokers 船行 and quay controllers 埠头. The wooden-boat shipping business in the middle Yangtze River during the Qing dynasty was not in a totally disordered state. The spontaneously formed boatmen gangs 船帮 and boatmen lineages 船民家族 played an active and influential role in a specific area of local river transportation in the middle Yangtze River, illustrating that local arbitration and mediation mechanisms were formed to deal with socioeconomic conflicts among shipowners, merchants, local communities, and local governments in the regional commercial transportation network. However, it was not until the end of the nineteenth century that a powerful shipping institution or merchant’s organization that could effectively regulate the water transportation emerged, nor were there socioeconomic mechanisms set up to deal with the many kinds of shipping disputes that existed in the reaches of the middle Yangtze.
JUDICIAL MEDIATION IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Ablaeva Elvira Bekbolatovna , Ensebayeva Anel Rakhmetzhanovna , Mukhtarova Samal Malikovna , Sautbayeva Saltanat Bakytzhanovna , Utanov Mukhtarhan Aidarkhanovich
Published: April 2024

The paper describes the main stages of the emergence, formation and development of judicial mediation in Kazakhstan civil proceedings. The legislation on judicial mediation and the practice of judicial mediation have been studied. The achievements of the judiciary in the settlement of disputes arising from various spheres of legal relations through conciliation procedures, including judicial and classical mediation, are noted. The socio-legal significance of conciliation procedures, which include elements forming the institution of restorative justice, is determined. The study of the conciliation procedure of judicial mediation allowed the authors to establish that today the assistance of courts, conciliation judges, retired judges to the peaceful settlement of disputes is an effective measure to reduce the level of conflict among the population and unloading of courts. Meanwhile, as judicial practice shows, the assistance of courts to the peaceful settlement of a dispute has a positive effect on increasing the level of legal culture of the population and its confidence in the judiciary. The authors show the consistency of judges, conciliatory judges, retired judges in the peaceful settlement of a dispute, the relevance of the conciliation procedure of judicial mediation in society. In the course of the research, normative legal acts regulating the procedure for the peaceful settlement of disputes, conceptual and strategic documents on the development and improvement of the national judicial system, pilot projects of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan on reconciliation in court, before court and outside court, statistical data of courts on conducting conciliation procedures were used.
ISSUES OF LEGISLATIVE AND SUBORDINATE REGULATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS (some theoretical and legal aspects)
Authors: Sarpekov Sarpekov Ramazan Kumarbekovich
Published: April 2024

In this article, the author draws attention to some problems in the legislative regulation of the competence of state bodies, emphasizes the relevance of the distinction between legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations. The author raises questions of the general legal nature of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations; the opinions of prominent representatives of the scientific community regarding the constitutional and legal foundations of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations are given. Within the framework of the study, such concepts as "law", "subordinate legal acts", "objects of legislative regulation", "criteria for distinguishing subjects of legislative and subordinate regulation", etc. are analyzed. The article deals with the problems of the relationship between the law and the by-law through the analysis of legislation on the status of state bodies. According to the author of the article, the limits of legislative regulation provided for in subparagraphs 1)-11) of paragraph 3 of Article 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan are not exhaustive. The article attempts to determine the special role of legal doctrine in the mechanism of state regulation, thereby indicating that theoretical and legal studies that have a complex character, are distinguished by depth and multidimensional, and have received official public support, should be the basis for further development of legal policy and legal reforms in the country. The author draws attention to the need for a critical understanding of the fact that legislative regulation of the issues of differentiation of the subjects of regulation of legislative and subordinate normative acts will help to reduce the possibility of adopting narrow departmental acts restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens and legal entities, as well as imposing duties on them that are not provided for by legislative acts.
Local Governance Quality and Trust in Government: The Serial Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Fairness and Subjective Well-being
Authors: Ma Yongqiang
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between citizens' trust in government (TiG) and the local governance quality (LGQ), considering the influence of perceived social fairness (PSF) and residents' subjective well-being (SWB) as intermediate factors. The study utilized data from the 2021 Chinese Social Survey (CSS) and employed structural equation modelling (SEM) for analysis. The results indicate that LGQ positively impacts TiG through PSF and SWB mediating factors. Specifically, as LGQ improves in China, residents experience increased social fairness, enhancing SWB and subsequently strengthening their TiG. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the TiG-LGQ relationship, offering practical insights for improving national leadership and governance by promoting social fairness, justice, and overall well-being.
Exploring the Paradox of Local Community Empowerment in Mediating the Role of Village Fund Policy to Increase the Rural Society's Welfare: An Analysis through the Eye of Village Public Service's Users
Authors: Haryono Bambang Santoso , Anggriawan Tommy , Drasospolino  , Sentanu I Gede Eko Putra Sri , Sahputri Rindi Ardika Melsalasa
Published: April 2024

Recent studies reported that the implementation of local budgeting in the context of fiscal decentralization policy had no significant contribution in increasing rural community welfare. This study therefore evaluated the local budgeting policy implemented in Indonesia through Village Fund (VF) policy as well as examining the mediating role of local community empowerment. This investigation used crossectional data from 399 respondents from villages in Indonesia. The measures used in this study involved villagers' perception about policy and implementation of village fund, the success of rural welfare and local community empowerment. PLS-SEM was used to test the hyphoteses. The result of this study evidences that perceived of VF usage measured by perceived infrastructure development and perceived basic social services, except for perceived VF usage in rural economic development, have less significant impact on rural community welfare. Moreover, perceived involvement of community empowerment has minimum contribution on perceived rural community welfare. This study provides an understanding of paradox existing in the perceived role of local community empowerment in mediating the effect of local finance budgeting on rural welfare which is still rarely studied particularly in developing countries like Indonesia.
Survei Penerapan Prinsip Who dan Unicef Dalam Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) ( Studi Eksplanatori)
Authors: Mawarni Endang Siti , Ambarwati Kusmayra , Aprillia Yuna Trisuci
Published: April 2024

Angka stunting dan gizi tidak baik masih tinggi di indonesia. Banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan hal ini. Salah satunya adalaha pola pemberian makan yang tidak tepat. Gencarnya pemberian makanan ultra proses berhubungan dengan hal ini. Padahal organisasi kesehatan dunia telah memberikan panduan yang tepat dalam pemberian makanan ini. Akan tetapi angka gizi buruk dan stunting semakin tinggi. Ditambah lagi tidak adanaya regulasi yang tegas mengatur konsumsi makanan yang diproses secara pabrikan. Hal ini meimbulkan pertanyaan besar apakah pedoman yang diberikan dilakukan dengan baik. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pedoman pemberian makanan yang tepat oleh para ibu, kader dan stakeholder terkait. Studi ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan spesifikasi strategi eksplanatoris skuensial. Ini dicapai dengan melakukan analisis kuantitatif, analisis kualitatif, dan kesimpulan bersama. Sekitar sebelas kader penyuluh mp-asi terlibat pada survey ini dan dua ibu yang memiliki anak di bawah 24 bulan, serta petugas kesehatan setempat dan stakeholder setempat. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan januari 2023 di wilayah kerja posyandu Wijaya Kusuma, kelurahan, Kedaung Sawangan Depok. Hasil studi yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa kader dan ibu masih belum menerapkan standar pemberian mp-asi dengan tepat, terutama pada pemberian jenis makanan dan prinsip aktif responsive. Perlu adanya edukasi menyeluruh, baik mulai tenaga kesehatan setempat, kader hingga para orang tua.

Kata kunci: MP-ASI, anak, stunting
Pelatihan Penyelesaian Laporan Keuangan Tingkatkan Kompetensi Anggota P2KPTK2 Jakarta Barat
Authors: Oktaviani Ayu Aulia , Tarigan Jul Seventa , Wahyuni Lidia , Suryadi Pangi , Naufal Muhamad
Published: April 2024

Pada dunia pendidikan, peran yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yaitu peran seorang guru atau pendidik. Oleh sebab itu, kualitas atau kompetensi pendidik di Indonesia seharusnya dapat selalu ditingkatkan. Namun pada kenyatannya, Kemendikbudristek mengungkapkan skor atau nilai kompetensi guru di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan sebab rata-rata skor kompetensi guru berada di angka 50,64 poin. Program pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi guru merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Trisakti bersama dengan Pusat Pengembangan Kompetensi Pendidik, Tenaga Kependidikan dan Kejuruan Jakarta Barat (P2KPTK2 Jakbar) yang bertujuan memberikan peningkatan pemahaman dan kemampuan dalam melakukan penyelesaian laporan keuangan akuntansi. Solusi dari permasalahan yang ada yaitu dengan menggunakan metode observasi; sosialisasi dan koordinasi; penyiapan peralatan dan bahan; pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi penyelesaian laporan keuangan; pendampingan; dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini terlaksana pada tanggal 18 Oktober 2022 di Universitas Trisakti dengan peserta sebanyak 40 orang. Dari total peserta, sebanyak 33 orang yang belum tersertifikasi kompeten untuk Klaster Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Berbasis SAK ETAP telah berhasil dinyatakan kompeten oleh Lembaga Sertifikasi Profesi Teknisi Akuntansi yang terlisensi oleh BNSP. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini, diketahui walaupun guru atau pendidik telah lama berprofesi sebagai seorang pendidik di bidang akuntansi, namun mereka banyak yang belum memiliki sertifikasi profesi sesuai dengan bidangnya dan juga mereka perlu memperbarui ilmu dan pengetahuan akuntansi baik secara teori maupun praktek.
Validated Stability Indicating UHPLC Method for the Quantification of Escitalopram and Flupentixol in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Patil Raj , Godge Rahul Keshav
Published: April 2024

To assess Escitalopram and flupentixol simultaneously, a verified method for ultra-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has been developed to indicate stability. The method was thoroughly evaluated and met satisfactory criteria for precision, linearity, accuracy, limits on detection, robustness, and quantitation. The quantitation wavelength of 235 nm was determined. Linearity was successfully demonstrated across concentration ranges of 1–5 µg/ml of Escitalopram and 20-100 µg/ml of Flupentixol. UHPLC separations were conducted employing a Phenomenex L. C18 column measuring 100 x 4.6 mm and containing particles as small as 2.5 µm. To create the mobile phase, the 1% OPA and methanol (a pH of 4.2 with TEA) were combined in a volumetric ratio of 65:35v/v. Escitalopram and Flupentixol were effectively eluted at retention durations of 3.044 and 4.118 minutes, respectively, with the flow rate adjusted at 1.0 ml. The stability-indicating nature of the method was established through validated forced degradation studies. Which included hydrolysis under acidic and basic conditions, exposure to H2O2, thermal degradation, and photo-degradation. Escitalopram and Flupentixol exhibited 10 to 20% degradation under the specified conditions. Importantly, the process evaluated the two prescription drugs in detail with all degradation products generated during the forced degradation experiments. This developed method is characterized as straightforward, specific, and cost-effective, making it suitable for simultaneous estimating Escitalopram and Flupentixol in tabs dose forms.
Effect of Altered Sleep, Perceived Stress on Muscle Strength between Night and Day Shift Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chennai
Authors: Swaminathan Vimala Rani , Rajasundaram Archana , Santhoshkumar Sasikumar
Published: April 2024

A minimum of 20% of the global population suffers from sleep debt, which includes shift workers. The risks to one's health and well-being are caused by shift work, increased workload, and other substantial problems. Sleep disruptions will lead to stress, catabolize muscle proteins, and reduce muscular strength in night shift workers. To assess whether sleep quality and perceived stress level have an effect on muscle strength among shift workers. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on the airport workers. One hundred night duty workers and one hundred day duty workers aged 25-40 were randomly selected, and the study was conducted for four months in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu. A validated questionnaire evaluated the quality of sleep and stress levels. Muscle strength was determined using Mosso’s ergograph. Version 3.6.3 of the R statistical software was used to analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smimov ‘Z’ test was used to determine the data set's normality. Significant negative correlations are observed between Mosso'sergo graph and both PSS (r = -0.501, p <0.001) and global PSQI score (r = -0.331, p <0.001). P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. This indicates that higher muscle strength is related to decreased perceived stress levels and better sleep quality.  Workplace health policies have to be improved. Adequate resting time and stress management training are essential to reduce the adverse effects of rotational work on theworker’s performance in addition to their well-being.
Assessment of Surface Quality during EDM of AISI 4147 with Copper Tool
Authors: Verma Durgesh , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Kumar Ajay , Rizvi Syed Asghar Husain
Published: April 2024

This experimental assessment is performed to estimate the impact of EDM parameters on surface quality while machining AISI 4147 with a copper tool. The need of the present-day is to achieve good surface quality. Here, an investigation was performed to depict surface quality characteristics with respect to machine variables. The machined specimens were examined under white light interferometry (WLI) for the crests and troughs developed post-machining. The range of average surface finish was found to be between 5.32 to 7.67 µm. The test of model highlighted that the relation linking the EDM variables and surface roughness could be modelled using quadratic equations. As per the SMSS and lack of fit tests, a quadratic model is suggested for the roughness trend obtained. The analysis apprised that duration (p-value = 0.0006) major influence on the surface quality produced while the depth of machining (p-value = 0.9251). At all levels of on time, the surface roughness initially increases and then tends to decrease on increasing peak current. At all current levels, the surface roughness is almost constant with the machining depth; as suggested by ANOVA, it is the least influencing factor. At all levels of duration, the surface roughness is almost constant with depth of machining, and as suggested by ANOVA, it is the least influential factor. Model surface plots are curved representing the presence of quadratic terms in the model. Model validation for surface finish showed that the residual error was lower than 1.48%, proving the adequacy of the model.
An Ethno-Pharmacological Study of Wound Healing Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers in Dhamtari, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Rai Ashish , Sharma Amit
Published: April 2024

Ethno-pharmacology is "the multidisciplinary scientific investigation of the biologically active substances that are customarily used." As a result, the ethno-pharmacological approach is founded on a corpus of research encompassing pharmacology, chemistry, and botany, among other fields. The research was conducted in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh's Dhamtari areas.  Fifteen families and a total of eighteen therapeutic plants with ethno-pharmacological potency, particularly in wound healing, were identified at the study site. In the research areas, extensive field surveys were carried out between March 2021 and February 2023. On field excursions, native knowledge of wild medicinal plants was gathered through conversations, questionnaires, and in-person interviews. Plants were arranged according to their scientific names, families, common names, and parts that were utilised to cure or promote wound healing. In the survey, the dominant families of plants like Amaranthaceae, Liliaceae, and Fabaceae had two (02) species of medicinal importance, particularly for wound healing treatment. The Dhamtari region's rural inhabitants have traditionally utilised native flora for primary healthcare and the treatment of a variety of ailments. On the other hand, hardly much was recorded regarding traditional knowledge of therapeutic herbs. The Dhamtari people of the countryside claimed that as society developed, newer generations became less interested in the traditional knowledge of therapeutic herbs. Therefore, before they become extinct and are no longer available, it is imperative to document ethno-medicinal plants that can heal wounds. In order to properly conserve plants and traditional knowledge for the future, this ethno-botanical database will be valuable to scientists, naturalists, planners, policymakers and chemists.
Photovoltaic and Solar-Thermal Use Case Application Comparison with Witness Simulation and DCF Analysis
Authors: Heiden Bernhard , Gaugg Karl , Alieksieiev Volodymyr , Tonino-Heiden Bianca
Published: April 2024

In this work, we investigate a system of solar and thermal heat collectors in combination with local and electric net storage. The system is implemented in a Witness Horizon simulation model, allowing for the investigation and scenario analysis of different use cases. In a practical industrial application example use-case, using simulation and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis, the economic feasibility of the best system variant could be calculated. The developed model includes the local consumption and production profile and it was evaluated by a DCF model after the dynamic energy modelisation with the generic industrial production system simulation software WITNESS Horizon. This model can be in future further extended to generic and more complex production systems, simultaneously integrating the DCF cost evaluation analysis and following direct economic optimisation as well as integrating it with the production portfolio theory approach by integrating diversified virtual production market aspects and market goal-oriented optimisation.
AI/ML+Physics Part 5: Employing an Optimization Algorithm [Physics Informed Machine Learning]
Authors: Brunton Steve L.
Published: April 2024

This video discusses the fifth stage of the machine learning process: (5) selecting and implementing an optimization algorithm to train the model. There are opportunities to incorporate physics into this stage of the process, such as using constrained optimization to force a model onto a susbpace or submanifold characterized by a symmetry or other physical constraint.
AI/ML+Physics Part 3: Designing an Architecture [Physics Informed Machine Learning]
Authors: Brunton Steve L.
Published: April 2024

This video discusses the third stage of the machine learning process: (3) choosing an architecture with which to represent the model. This is one of the most exciting stages, including all of the new architectures, such as UNets, ResNets, SINDy, PINNs, Operator networks, and many more. There are opportunities to incorporate physics into this stage of the process, such as incorporating known symmetries through custom equivariant layers.
Application of Reversed Radial Forearm Flap for Reconstruction of a Dorsal Hand Soft Tissue Defect: А Clinical Case
Authors:   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Balgazarov Serik , Ramazanov Zhanatay ,   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Dolgov Alexey ,   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Abilov Ruslan ,   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after academician N.D. Batpenov, Moroshan Artyom ,   National scientific center of traumatology and orthopedics named after academition N.D. Batpenov, Krikliviy Alexander ,   Karaganda Medical University, Atepileva Aliya ,   Karaganda Medical University, Balgazarov Amanzhol ,   Karaganda Medical University, Bekbolatov Nurdaulet ,   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Academician N.D. Batpenov,
Published: April 2024

Worldwide, surgical techniques for soft-tissue hand defects have made use of the reversed radial forearm flap. Generally, has been used in dorsal hand defects. In this case report, we showed the outcome of a case where the reversed radial forearm flap was applied to treat the dorsal hand defect. A 45-year-old patient who was injured in November 2020 as a result of stacking the right hand in the rotational mechanism. The injury was received 3 days before admission to the hospital. The first stage of surgical treatment was performed - necrectomy of the wound of the right hand. Afterwards, therapy using vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C) was administered for 18 days. Once granulations had formed in the wound, the patient underwent the second phase of surgical intervention. The reversed radial forearm flap was turned and placed in order to close an opened, exposed bones and tendons in the dorsum of hand. There was no complication with flap viability in the postoperative period. Patient’s joint range of motion and vital functions were acceptable. This case showed that the Reversed Radial Forearm Flap can also be used in dorsal hand defects.Keywords: flap, pedicled flap, soft tissue injuries, hand injuries