bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting new teachers
Authors: Keates Chris
Published: May 2014

Chris Keates, general secretary of the NASUWT, explains what newly qualified teachers are entitled to expect from their induction year.
On course for success
Authors: Cartwright Eva
Published: May 2014

Eva Cartwright advises on how to get the most out of completing a teaching assistant qualification – using your time effectively to improve in your role.
Get guided reading right
Authors: Sear Lynn
Published: May 2014

The practicalities of reading with small groups of similar ability can be tricky. Lynn Sear offers tips to help you develop independent, curious, critical readers.
Getting quizzical about raising maths standards
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: May 2014

Using past SATs questions to assess children's existing knowledge at the start of a unit and their progress at the end has had a dramatic impact on results in year 6.
Putting a premium on PE
Authors: Williams Jodie
Published: May 2014

With ring-fenced funding coming to all schools for the next two years, now is the time to plan for improved PE teaching. Follow these tips for effective lessons.
In the concrete jungle…
Authors: Hedley Russ
Published: May 2014

An urban environment or lack of soil need not hold you back from making topics in the science curriculum a reality in school. Find nature everywhere, says Russ Hedley.
The fruits of education
Authors: Lee-Potter Emma
Published: May 2014

For schools that have the space, gardens can be used to supplement learning in many subject areas including science, food technology and art. Emma Lee-Potter reports
Changes in the classroom
Authors: Bousted Mary
Published: May 2014

Mary Bousted explains what the next stage of the workload deal will mean.
Life in the shadows
Authors: Smurthwaite Nick
Published: May 2014

Playwright William Nicholson tells Nick Smurthwaite about being schooled by Benedictine monks.
In the frame
Authors: Horswell Ella
Published: May 2014

Framework Maths Animations - Published by Oxford University Press - Key stage 3 maths and ICT
A guiding hand
Authors: Stockman Tina
Published: May 2014

Scottish schools have a unique “guidance”
Portrait of an artist
Authors: West Jane
Published: May 2014

“Painting is just another way of keeping a diary.” Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
The global classroom
Authors: MacPhail Steve
Published: May 2014

Video conferencing has the potential to open up the classroom for new educational experiences. Steve MacPhail explains what his school is doing
Academic debate
Authors: Peryer Tom
Published: May 2014

The academy programme has been the subject of much debate and criticism. Tom Peryer gives a sponsor's point of view
Modernising foreign languages
Authors: Clerehugh Yvonne
Published: May 2014

Yvonne Clerehugh has some ideas to get you starting with an interactive whiteboard in modern foreign languages.
Squeezing in more PE
Authors: Wood Alex
Published: May 2014

Two hours of PE a week may soon be compulsory in Scottish schools. But how will schools find the extra time in the week? asks Alex Wood
Structuring revision
Authors: Poyser Keith
Published: May 2014

Keith Poyser explains how to help students get the best out of their revision
Then and now
Authors: Powner Darren
Published: May 2014

Science teacher, Darren Powner looks back at the days of teaching science before the widespread use of technology, and compares this with today's science learning environment
Out of all proportion
Authors: Ireland Jane
Published: May 2014

Ofsted's new proportionate inspection is meant to be a breath of fresh air for teachers at high performing schools. Not so says a stressed and exhausted Jane Ireland
Need a change of scenery? Teach abroad
Authors: Kaut Helen
Published: May 2014

Fed up with the British weather? Want to experience a change of scenery, but still be able to teach? For English speaking teachers the world is their oyster. Helen Kaut explains.
Can life academies make a difference?
Authors: Kaut Helen
Published: May 2014

Integrating difficult and demanding pupils into mainstream education is an enormous task and often unsuccessful. Helen Kaut looks at how life academies can prevent these challenging teenagers from dropping out
Beat the cheats
Authors: Murray Will
Published: May 2014

Today, internet use in secondary schools is increasing rapidly, with more and more applications for the technology right across the curriculum. Will Murray looks at how we can stop the internet cheats
Leading from the front
Authors: Frederick Kenny
Published: May 2014

Kenny Frederick's school is open until 10pm throughout the year. It is a community school in every sense. She says distributing leadership is crucial.
How Britain'
Authors: Kaut Helen
Published: May 2014

With environmental issues dominating the international agenda, Helen Kaut takes a look at some innovative and very green schemes being undertaken in British schools.
To err is human
Authors: Greenhough Julie
Published: May 2014

Julie Greenhough only left her desk for a second and it appeared. That daunting, grey beast. The age of technology had arrived
Lead by example
Authors: Ainsworth Paul
Published: May 2014

Deputy head Paul Ainsworth lists some do's and don'ts for the senior leadership team
Transforming lives
Authors: Duffy Noel
Published: May 2014

The Altformat campaign is striving to improve the technological support for visually impaired and dyslexic students in primary and secondary schools. Noel Duffy explains
Global education
Authors: Purins Kate
Published: May 2014

Do you think that releasing a teacher to take a sabbatical is a good idea? Katie Purins explains
MPower to the people
Authors: Elkin Susan
Published: May 2014

The MPower project is offering a different sort of education to disaffected 14 to 19-year-olds. Susan Elkin finds out more.
A helping hand
Authors: Lucey Stephen
Published: May 2014

Becta's best value procurement frameworks set out a benchmark for the delivery of technology in four key areas. Over the next four weeks Stephen Lucey will look at all these areas. He begins with learning platforms.
Bring in the experts
Authors: Lucey Stephen
Published: May 2014

In the final of his articles on Becta's best value procurement frameworks, Stephen Lucey looks at the help they offer schools that are looking to hire external ICT consultants
Can you kick it?
Authors: Dunn Carrie
Published: May 2014

Football training is no longer a male preserve. The women are kicking back. Carrie Dunn reports
NQT Special: So – can you T.E.A.C.H. yet?
Authors: Parker Phil
Published: May 2014

With all your focus on pedagogy, behaviour and classroom management, it can be surprisingly easy to forget why you're there – the students. As part of SecEd's NQT special edition, Phil Parker asks whether you can T.E.A.C.H.
Turning around an underperforming school
Authors: Carroll Dara
Published: May 2014

The challenge of turning an underperforming school around can be a daunting one. Principal Dara Carroll discusses some key areas which his school – Milton Keynes Academy – focused on to help turn things around.
Making better use of data to improve student outcomes
Authors: Brownett Mark
Published: May 2014

Simply by improving the use and analysis of data, one school has transformed the progress made by students in maths. Mark Brownett explains more.
Getting the best from your teaching assistants
Authors: Coates Joanna
Published: May 2014

The role of teaching assistants in the classroom has been much debated in recent years. Jo Coates looks at the evidence and discusses the impact these vital professionals are having on attainment, including with the Pupil Premium.
Is grit the new IQ?
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2014

Do you still believe that IQ is fixed and cannot be altered? Dr Stephanie Thornton looks at the increasing evidence that it is grit and determination, rather than IQ, that can predict success and advises on how we might encourage these tendencies in our students.
Using ICT in your PE lessons
Authors: Solly Ben
Published: May 2014

Many PE teachers are ahead of the game when using technology effectively in their lessons. Ben Solly considers a few examples.
Teaching resources and ideas for tackling the slave trade
Authors: Durrant Isobel
Published: May 2014

The film 12 Years a Slave has thrust the horrors of slavery back into the headlines. Isobel Durrant looks at a range of projects and resources that can help teachers to tackle both historic and modern slavery in the classroom.
Views on how to ensure your school's CPD programme is effective
Authors: Wright Keith
Published: May 2014

A recent roundtable saw headteachers debating how schools can ensure their approaches to CPD are effective. Keith Wright and David Weston discuss the advice that came out of the debate.
Personalised approaches to teaching information literacy
Authors: Shenton Andrew K
Published: May 2014

How adept are your students at finding and using information? Dr Andrew Shenton discusses a personalised approach to fostering information literacy.
League tables: Introducing Progress 8
Authors: Mastaglio Catherine
Published: May 2014

Schools are bracing themselves for a new benchmark performance measure – Progress 8. Catherine Mastaglio looks at the changes, which are coming in for exams sat in 2016.
Do you understand VAT?
Authors: Elliott Helen
Published: May 2014

VAT is a complicated tax and it is easy for academies and free schools to make mistakes. We ask expert Helen Elliott for some advice.
Four principles to give your students careers success
Authors: Sunley Jane
Published: May 2014

Jane Sunley, author of the new book It's Never OK to Kiss the Interviewer, explains four key principles that will help your students onto the career superhighway.
The top 5 concerns facing school leaders
Authors: Wilding Philippa
Published: May 2014

What are the big five concerns facing school leaders today? Philippa Wilding discusses the most common worries she encounters and offers some solutions.
Lessons from the Toolkit
Authors: Benziane Amy
Published: May 2014

The Education Endowment Foundation Toolkit shows that effective strategies for homework, mentoring and feedback can all have a positive impact on student progress. Amy Benziane explains the work her that school's English department has done in this area.
Ten priorities for mentoring success
Authors: Bosch Xavier
Published: May 2014

There has been a lot of noise about mentoring in recent months, often accompanied by research showing the positive impact it can have on improving academic results, self-esteem, social mobility and life chances.
Reducing sharps injuries in veterinary practice
Authors: Lines Lisa
Published: May 2014

Sharps are used in the veterinary environment on a daily basis. The NHS European Office (2013) has recently changed the guidelines to sharps, to reduce the number of incidents occurring and the costs involved from related injuries causing time off for sickness, from counselling and from tests in the NHS for blood-borne pathogens. There is little evidence on the number of needle-stick injuries in veterinary practice in the UK compared with in America, Canada, Australia and in the NHS. This article highlights alternative consumable devices that can be used in place of sharps to protect staff in veterinary practice, the correct and safe disposal of sharps and the risks involved with the use of sharps.
Book Reviews
Authors: Crompton Stacey
Published: May 2014

Knowledge about cats with hyperthyroidism is increasing, meaning that more information is available to owners and carers. The Veterinary Nurse board member, Stacey Crompton, has taken a look at Sarah Caney's revised book, Caring for a cat with hyperthyroidism.
How does your practice store its stock?
Authors: Dungworth Gina M
Published: May 2014

Efficient storage of stock can save time and money, as items are easier to find and less likely to be damaged or go out of date, leading to a more harmonious and less stressful environment for all team members. So how well does your practice measure up?
Suitably qualified persons in practice
Authors: Ackerman Nicola
Published: May 2014

One of the everyday roles of veterinary nursing is dispensing medications, but there are many requirements to the process that are often unknown or misunderstood in dispensing. Likewise in prescribing and the roles of the SQP. This article discusses the differences between prescribing and dispensing and the legal requirements that as a regulated profession have to be adhered to.
Electrochemical Functionalization in Wavefunction Engineering of Epitaxial Graphene
Authors: Sarkar Santanu
Published: May 2014

Chemical modification of graphene web has attracted strong interest in engineering a band gap in graphene and in altering its magnetic and solubility properties. Electrochemical methods to functionalize graphene have emerged as attractive protocols to covalently modify graphene. Kolbe reaction, which involves the electrochemical oxidation of arylacetates (generation of α-naphthylmethyl radicals, in our present case), allows reversible grafting of radicals to graphene surface; the electro-erasing of the functional groups leads to graphene at its nearly pristine state. The surface coverage can be controlled from densely-packed (ideal as organic dielectrics) to sparsely functionalized surface (ideal for introducing reasonable band gap in graphene) with well-ordered structural patterning of the functional groups on EG surface by fine adjustment of electrochemical conditions. Such a control of the layer structure and packing of the functional groups over the graphene surface is an essential issue in the development of graphene chemistry.
A demographic, spatially explicit patch occupancy model of metapopulation dynamics and persistence
Authors: Sutherland C. S. , Elston D. A. , Lambin X.
Published: May 2014

Patch occupancy models are extremely important and popular tools for understanding the dynamics, and predicting the persistence, of spatially structured populations. Typically this endeavor is facilitated either by models from classic metapopulation theory focused on spatially explicit, dispersal‐driven colonization–extinction dynamics and generally assuming perfect detection, or by more recent hierarchical site occupancy models that account for imperfect detection but rarely include spatial effects, such as dispersal, explicitly. Neither approach explicitly considers local demographics in a way that can be used for future projections. However, despite being arguably of equal importance, dispersal and connectivity, local demography, and imperfect detection are rarely modeled explicitly and simultaneously. Understanding the spatiotemporal occurrence patterns of spatially structured populations and making biologically realistic long‐term predictions of persistence would benefit from the simultaneous treatment of space, demography, and detectability. We integrated these key ideas in a tractable and intuitive way to develop a demographic and spatially realistic patch occupancy model that incorporates components of dispersal, local demographic stage‐structure, and detectability. By explicitly relating stage‐specific abundances to measurable patch properties, biologically realistic projections of long‐term metapopulation dynamics could be made. We applied our model to data from a naturally fragmented population of water volesArvicola amphibiusto describe observed patch occupancy dynamics and to investigate long‐term persistence under scenarios of elevated stage‐specific local extinction. Accounting for biases induced by imperfect detection, we were able to estimate: stable, and higher than observed metapopulation occupancy; high rates of patch turnover and stage‐specific colonization and extinction rates (juvenile and adult, respectively); and juvenile dispersal distances (average 2.10 km). We found that metapopulation persistence in the presence of elevated extinction risk differed depending on which life stage was exposed, and was more sensitive to elevated juvenile rather than adult extinction risk. Predictions of persistence when dynamics are stage‐specific suggest that metapopulations may be more resilient to changes in the environment than predicted when relationships are based on patch size approximations rather than population sizes. Our approach allows explicit consideration of local dynamics and dispersal in spatially structured and stage‐structured populations, provides a more detailed mechanistic understanding of metapopulation functioning, and can be used to investigate future extinction risk under biologically meaningful scenarios.
Rotavirus vaccination coverage and adherence to recommended age among infants in Flanders (Belgium) in 2012
Authors: Braeckman T , Theeten H , Lernout T , Hens N , Roelants M , Hoppenbrouwers K , Van Damme P
Published: May 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Adaptive Decentralized Control of Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks and Robots for Modeling Underwater Phenomena
Authors: Detweiler Carrick , Banerjee Sreeja , Doniec Marek , Jiang Mingshun , Peri Francesco , Chen Robert , Rus Daniela
Published: May 2014

Understanding the dynamics of bodies of water and their impact on the global environment requires sensing information over the full volume of water. In this article, we develop a gradient-based decentralized controller that dynamically adjusts the depth of a network of underwater sensors to optimize sensing for computing maximally detailed volumetric models. We prove that the controller converges to a local minimum and show how the controller can be extended to work with hybrid robot and sensor network systems. We implement the controller on an underwater sensor network with depth adjustment capabilities. Through simulations and in-situ experiments, we verify the functionality and performance of the system and algorithm.
Global Changes and Drivers of the Water Footprint of Food Consumption: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Yang Chen , Cui Xuefeng
Published: May 2014

Water is one of the most important limiting resources for food production. How much water is needed for food depends on the size of the population, average food consumption patterns and food production per unit of water. These factors show large differences around the world. This paper analyzes sub-continental dynamics of the water footprint of consumption (WFcons) for the prevailing diets from 1961 to 2009 using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The findings show that, in most regions, the water needed to feed one person decreased even if diets became richer, because of the increase in water use efficiency in food production during the past half-century. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition approach is used to analyze the contributions of the major drivers of WFcons for food: population, diet and agricultural practices (output per unit of water). We compare the contributions of these drivers through different subcontinents, and find that population growth still was the major driver behind increasing WFcons for food until now and that potential water savings through agricultural practice improvements were offset by population growth and diet change. The changes of the factors mentioned above were the largest in most developing areas with rapid economic development. With the development of globalization, the international food trade has brought more and more water savings in global water use over time. The results indicate that, in the near future and in many regions, diet change is likely to override population growth as the major driver behind WFcons for food.
EvoWebReg
Authors: Adamidis Panagiotis , Kynigopoulos Georgios
Published: May 2014

This article presents a complete course registration system through the web (EvoWebReg). The system consists of three parts. The first one is a web application which allows the students to submit their course preferences to the system's database, through Internet. The second part is an administrative tool which controls the whole system and allows its smooth operation, and the third part is an evolutionary algorithm which is responsible for the optimization of the student course schedules according to their submitted preferences, and taking into consideration the constraints imposed by the department. The results of the experimental tests of the evolutionary algorithm prove that our initial objectives to provide an open generic and effective tool, which can satisfactory implement the course registration procedure, were achieved. The proposed system is quite general and can be easily adapted to incorporate the needs of other departments.
Fictitious Elastic Stiffness Parameters of Zero-Thickness Finite Elements at Bi-Material Interfaces
Authors: Ciancio Daniela , Castellazzi Giovanni
Published: May 2014

Zero-thickness interface elements can be used to simulate delamination processes or more in general to model discrete cracks or debonding effects in heterogeneous materials. These elements are inserted amongst the mesh lines in correspondence with the bi-material interface. The zero-thickness interfaces behave as non-linear elements that dissipate energy only after certain cracking conditions have been reached. To keep the interface closed while the cracking conditions are not yet satisfied, a fictitious elastic behaviour is imposed through penalty stiffness parameters. These are elastic stiffness parameters set as high as possible to guarantee that no penetration or separation take place while the cracking nucleation conditions are not satisfied, but not so high to avoid ill-posed problems. Based on a recent formulation, this paper investigates the use of optimal fictitious elastic parameters that guarantee the recovery of accurate pre-cracking inter-element forces and stresses at the bi-material interfaces.
Effect of Biomimetic Surface Morphology on Modal Properties of Gear
Authors: Lv You , Lei Li Qun , Sun Li Na , Zhang Xiu Fang , Xiu Wen Cui
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the influence of the biomimetic surface morphology on the modal properties of gear. Firstly, a involute cylinder gear model had been created, and the biomimetic surface morphology had been established on the gear tooth flanks. Secondly, the modal analysis of the ordinary gear and biomimetic gear has been investigated separately through FEM method. Results showed that the maximum amplitudes and the ten natural frequencies of biomimetic gear were obviously lower than that of the ordinary gear, but the modal shape of the two kinds of gears were almost the same. The biomimetic surface morphology could improve the dynamic characteristics and reliability of gear in the future.
Research on Comparison of Bidirectional Engaging Characteristic of a Novel Type Separable-Control Overrunning Clutch
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Ping Kang , Kong Ling Liang
Published: May 2014

To broaden the application scope of the controllable overrunning clutch, a novel type Separable-Control Overrunning Clutch (SCOC) used in vehicle system has been designed by the authors of this paper. With the special axial arranged structure, the clutch has bidirectional engaging ability and its both sides could be chosen as the driving end. In order to analysis and compare the bidirectional engaging characteristics of the clutch, a nonlinear dynamics model taking into account clearance and elastic contact has been established by ADAMS. Through the simulations, a series of comprehensive summary on the bidirectional engaging characteristic has been drawn and it could provide theoretical guidance for further prototype design and experimental research.
Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. : 61074104 )
Mobile Instant Messaging in the Workplace: Research and Design
Authors: Dong Wei
Published: May 2014

The last decade has seen a significant popularity of instant messaging and its main usage is for recreational purposes. However, instant messaging can also be utilized in the workplace and by utilizing such tools more efficiency of workplace communication can be achieved. For this purpose, in this paper we conduct research on mobile instant messaging in the workplace. Mobile Internet services based communication is chosen because mobile communication is playing an important role in today's communication system. First, the system architecture of a mobile instant messaging is presented. Some main functionality, such as message exchange and file transmission, are elaborated. Then, based on this architecture, an android-based messaging client and a Linux-based server are developed. Finally, the instant messaging software is tested in a real mobile communication network and test results show that the software works well. As mobile Internet services become increasingly important, the instant messaging tool developed in this paper will be utilized in the workplace as a communication means and will improve work efficiency greatly in the future.
Large Lateral Deformation Analysis of Angle Steel with Double Bolt Joints
Authors: Zhou Xing , Chen Hai Bo , Huang Ying Qing , Wang Peng , Xiao Wei Ling
Published: May 2014

In the past time, it was neglected that different types of the deformation have an important effect on the Load-Displacement (L-D) relationship in bolt slippage. In this paper, 3D finite element models with double bolt joints are established by the ANSYS finite element package and a series of bolt slippage tests are conducted. The large lateral deformation in the process of bolt slippage is put forward for the first time. Numerical and experimental results show that large lateral deformation makes the stiffness of bolt joint smaller.
Design and Simulation of the Air-Gap L-Shaped Feeding Arc Slot Antenna
Authors: Li Ping , Zhu Yong Zhong , Guo Yuan Yuan , Peng Yu
Published: May 2014

In the efforts to improve the capability of duty service and contingency-handing of informational system and deal with the communications security of helicopter, according to the request of the airborne electromagnetic equipment miniaturization and conformal, design of an air-gap L-shaped feeding arc slot antenna. This antenna is an omnidirectional antenna, its profile height under 0.03 working wavelength, the size under 0.5 working wavelength and the transmission gain exceed 3dB.
Research on Simulation Customers Participate Type in Open Innovation
Authors: He Jun Hui
Published: May 2014

This paper proposed customers to participate typology based on three dimensions, which are the customers’ autonomy in the process, the nature of the firm‐customer collaboration, and the stage of the innovation process. Then proposed customers to participate in the type of open innovation framework. Through the static comparative and dynamic evolution simulation found: customers tend to be open to participate in the development of new products pre innovation, the tendency to begin to choose the low participation of degrees of freedom, and ultimately tend to opt for a high degree of freedom to participate.
Research on the Marketing Strategies Based on Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Hu Yin Hua
Published: May 2014

At present, there exist a lot of phenomenons of lack of social responsibilities for many companies while carrying out marketing activities, which result in tremendous damage and impact on the life and health of the publics, as well as serious psychological shock to the publics’ confidence on consumption safety. Aiming at the consumption safety incidents which frequently occur in China recently, it is proposed that the enterprises should actively take on relative social responsibilities and implement marketing strategies based on social responsibility.
The Harmonic Suppression of DFIG
Authors: Liang Zhi Rui , Zhao Meng Ya
Published: May 2014

As a result of using converter and the other power electronic devices on the side of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) rotor, it will produce a large amount of harmonic current at runtime. In order to reduce the harmonic pollution to power network, DFIG uses a variety of harmonic suppression measures. This paper introduces the working principle of DFIG and the harmonic suppression, at the same time, the effect of harmonic suppression through the Matlab simulation is analyzed.
Wind Field Analysis for a Tulou (Earthen Building) in Fujian, China — “A Case Study of Eryi Lou”
Authors: Su Ying Ming , Wu Yu Chou
Published: May 2014

Tulou (or "Earthen buildings") is an age-old type of Chinese vernacular dwellings. It is recognized by its unique architectural style and ingenious structure adapt to mountainous regions in Fujian province. In this research, we investigated the largest round type-- Eryi Lou-- which is designated as one of UNESCO World Heritage sites in 2008. In this study, we made site surveys for the dimension and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based simulations to predict the wind field of Eryi Lou. In the CFD analysis, we considered the incompressible isothermal turbulent airflow to examine the interaction of the natural ventilation effected by its unique shape. The results indicate that the traditional round earthen building has superior performances in natural ventilation. This study may lead to a better understanding to the advantages of vernacular dwellings, which could be used to ecological architecture design in the future.
The Application and Study of Work Study in Electronic Production Packaging Line Balancing
Authors: Feng Jian Yuan
Published: May 2014

Due to non-balance among some workstations in a electronic production packaging line, according to the application of work study, 5W1H and ECRS principles, combined with the principles of line balancing the bottle-neck section of packaging line was studied and a new scheme was put forward, which makes the rate of two production line balance upgrade 22% and 15%, and 5standard manpower was saved.
Peculiarities of Damage Cluster Distribution in Loaded Materials: Simulation with Probabilistic Cellular Automaton
Authors: Kazunina G.A. , Alekseev D.V.
Published: May 2014

Distribution of damage clusters according to size and local density is investigated on the basis of probabilistic cellular automaton proposed by the authors. Specific features of the distributions typical for systems that are prone to disasters are identified.
An Review of Research on Enterprise Green Procurement
Authors: He Wei Jun , Cai Yan Wei
Published: May 2014

Green procurement, as a new procurement model, has made tremendous progress in recent years, but read through the existing literatures, we found the lack of systematic collation of existing research. This paper collated and analyzed the relevant existing literature, discussed from selection and evaluation of green supplier, the influence of implementing of green procurement, countermeasures for further development of green procurement three aspects. In the end, this paper pointed out the lack of existing research and future development direction. As inductive summary of previous research results, this article maybe will inspire and guide the researchers in this area.
Water Absorption in Composites Reinforced with Caroá Fiber Fabrics: Modeling and Simulation via ANSYS CFX®
Authors: Silva C.J. , de Andrade T.H.F. , Silva E.G. , de Lima Antônio Gilson Barbosa
Published: May 2014

Studies in polymer composites reinforced with vegetable fiber show that they are enough sensitive to influences from environmental agents such as water and temperature. The moisture causes degradation of the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites to a large extent when compared to synthetic fiber reinforced composites. This is a consequence of the higher moisture absorption, and the hydrofilic nature of the natural fiber. In this sense, the purpose of this work is to study theoretically the water absorption in unsaturated polyester composites reinforced with caroá natural fiber (Neoglazioviavariegata) at the temperature 50°C. The composite had a weight composition of 30% caroá and 70% unsaturated polyester resin and dimensions of 20× 20× 3 mm3. Results of the average moisture content and moisture content distribution during the absorption process are presented and analyzed. Comparison between numerical and experimental data of the average moisture content presented good agreement. We conclude that the water absorption rate is faster in the vertex region of the composites.
Occurrence and origin of rhythmic sedimentary rocks on Mars
Authors: Lewis Kevin W. , Aharonson Oded
Published: May 2014

Sedimentary rocks preserved on the surface of Mars represent a natural archive of past climate conditions. Although the details of their formation often remain poorly constrained, the recent detection of rhythmic bedding patterns in the Arabia Terra region suggests the influence of orbital variations on sedimentary deposition. Here we detail a number of new sites which exhibit quasiperiodic stratigraphic variations, demonstrating their occurrence throughout the equatorial region of the planet. We characterize these recorded signals as well as the local geomorphic context and structural attributes. Two cyclic units are identified within Gale crater, the landing site of the Mars Science Laboratory mission, enabling estimation of possible formation timescales for the geologic units that may be studied in situ by the rover. We find a general lack of fluvial features in connection with rhythmic geologic units, contrasting these sites with the aperiodic deltaic stratigraphy found at Eberswalde crater. Possible formation scenarios and their climatic implications are discussed for the diverse set of quasiperiodic sedimentary units. We propose multiple depositional pathways for recording cyclic climate changes, including repeated evaporitic precipitation from groundwater discharge in topographic lows as well as largely anhydrous accumulation of atmospheric dust for deposits outside of confined basins. The preservation of orbital signals in sediments distributed across a wide range of geographic settings suggests a pervasive influence on Martian climate conditions through time.
Umbelliferone Increases the Expression of Adipocyte‐Specific Genes in 3 T3‐L1 Adipocyte
Authors: Naowaboot Jarinyaporn , Chung Choon Hee , Choi Ran , Pannangpetch Patchareewan
Published: May 2014

Umbelliferone (UMB), a natural product of coumarin family, has been shown to reduce blood glucose and to improve lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Our objective was to examine the effect of UMB on adipogenesis by investigating its stimulatory effect on lipid accumulation and mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors and adipocyte‐specific genes in 3 T3‐L1 preadipocyte culture. An Oil Red O staining was used to monitor lipid accumulation, and we found that UMB treatment at concentration range of 10–100 μM significantly increased lipid accumulation of differentiating 3 T3‐L1 cells. At the molecular level of adipogenesis, we examined the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c. Those transcription factors were increased by UMB at 10–100 μM. Interestingly, UMB also stimulated the mRNA expression of adipocyte‐specific genes, adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid translocase, and adiponectin. Our findings indicate that the stimulatory effect of UMB on adipocyte differentiation likely occurs through up‐regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and downstream adipocyte‐specific gene expression. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring xenon in human plasma and blood by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Thevis Mario , Piper Thomas , Geyer Hans , Thomas Andreas , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Kienbaum Peter , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: May 2014

RATIONALE

Due to the favorable pharmacokinetic properties and minimal side effects of xenon, its use in modern anesthesia has been well accepted, and recent studies further demonstrated the intra‐ and postoperative neuro‐, cardio‐, and reno‐protective action of the noble gas. Since the production of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and its downstream effector erythropoietin as well as noradrenalin reuptake inhibition have been found to play key roles in this context, the question arose as to whether the use of xenon is a matter for doping controls and preventive doping research. The aim of the present study was hence to evaluate whether the (ab)use of xenon can be detected from doping control samples with the instrumentation commonly available in sports drug testing laboratories.

METHODS

Plasma was saturated with xenon according to reported protocols, and the target analyte was measured by means of gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with headspace injection. Recording the accurate mass of three major xenon isotopes at m/z 128.9048, 130.9045 and 131.9042 allowed for the unequivocal identification of the analyte and the detection assay was characterized concerning limit of detection (LOD), intraday precision, and specificity as well as analyte recovery under different storage conditions.

RESULTS

Xenon was detected in fortified plasma samples with detection limits of approximately 0.5 nmol/mL to 50 nmol/mL, depending on the type of mass spectrometer used. The method characteristics of intraday precision (coefficient of variation <20%) and specificity demonstrated the fitness‐for‐purpose of the analytical approach to unambiguously detect xenon at non‐physiological concentrations in human plasma and blood. Eventually, authentic plasma and blood samples collected pre‐, intra‐, and post‐operative (4, 8, and 24 h) were positively analyzed after storage for up to 30 h, and provided proof‐of‐concept for the developed assay.

CONCLUSIONS

If relevant to doping controls, xenon can be determined from plasma and blood samples, i.e. common specimens of routine sports drug testing in the context of Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) analyses. Optimization of sampling and analytical procedures will allow the detection limit to be further improved and potentially enable accurate quantification of the anesthetic agent. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fishing with empathy: knowing fish and catching them on the Kemi River in Finnish Lapland
Authors: Krause Franz
Published: May 2014

This paper develops an argument on the empathetic relationship between hunter and prey, as applied to the relations between small-scale fishers and fish. Drawing on ethnographic material from the Kemi River, and recent work on fishing, it suggests that although fishers often do not see the fish, they know their whereabouts and movements through an empathetic engagement with the fish. People on the Kemi do not see fish as merely the animal itself, but include in their empathetic relationship the behaviour and environment of the fish. An analysis of popular fishing techniques used subsequently illustrates that they represent what can be called an inversion of the fish's life story.
A statistical method of evaluating the pronunciation proficiency/intelligibility of English presentations by Japanese speakers
Authors: Kibishi Hiroshi , Hirabayashi Kuniaki , Nakagawa Seiichi
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we propose a statistical evaluation method of pronunciation proficiency and intelligibility for presentations made in English by native Japanese speakers. We statistically analyzed the actual utterances of speakers to find combinations of acoustic and linguistic features with high correlation between the scores estimated by the system and native English teachers. Our results showed that the best combination of acoustic features produced correlation coefficients of 0.929 and 0.753 for pronunciation and intelligibility scores, respectively, using open data for speakers at the 10-sentence level. In an offline test, we evaluated possibly-confusing pairs of phonemes that are often mispronounced by Japanese speakers of English. In addition, we developed an online real-time score estimation system for Japanese learners of English using offline techniques to evaluate the pronunciation and intelligibility scores in real-time with almost the same ability as English teachers. Finally, we show that both the objective and subjective evaluations improved after learning with our system.
‘The common aim of the Allied Powers’: social policy and international legitimacy in wartime China, 1940–47
Authors: Ma Tehyun
Published: May 2014

This article examines why Western programmes of social security became a topic of interest for Chinese Nationalist (Guomindang) policy-makers during the early 1940s. It traces a generation of sociologists and civil servants, often trained abroad, who used wartime exigencies to make the case for New Deal-style reforms. While offering a route to professional advancement, social insurance was primarily intended to serve the needs of the government. Embedded in, and dependent on, the Anglo-American alliance, Nationalist party planners embraced the internationalist social agenda of the Atlantic Charter – advanced by institutions such as the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration – to solidify their nation's status as an aspiring great power, and to legitimize to foreign sponsors their hold on the state. In this regard, fascination with the likes of the Beveridge Report and the Social Security Act was a performance, intended to show how China was in keeping with the spirit of the age.
100 GHz silicon–organic hybrid modulator
Authors: Alloatti Luca , Palmer Robert , Diebold Sebastian , Pahl Kai Philipp , Chen Baoquan , Dinu Raluca , Fournier Maryse , Fedeli Jean-Marc , Zwick Thomas , Freude Wolfgang , Koos Christian , Leuthold Juerg
Published: May 2014

Electro-optic modulation at frequencies of 100 GHz and beyond is important for photonic-electronic signal processing at the highest speeds. To date, however, only a small number of devices exist that can operate up to this frequency. In this study, we demonstrate that this frequency range can be addressed by nanophotonic, silicon-based modulators. We exploit the ultrafast Pockels effect by using the silicon–organic hybrid (SOH) platform, which combines highly nonlinear organic molecules with silicon waveguides. Until now, the bandwidth of these devices was limited by the losses of the radiofrequency (RF) signal and the RC (resistor-capacitor) time constant of the silicon structure. The RF losses are overcome by using a device as short as 500 µm, and the RC time constant is decreased by using a highly conductive electron accumulation layer and an improved gate insulator. Using this method, we demonstrate for the first time an integrated silicon modulator with a 3dB bandwidth at an operating frequency beyond 100 GHz. Our results clearly indicate that the RC time constant is not a fundamental speed limitation of SOH devices at these frequencies. Our device has a voltage–length product of only VπL=11 V mm, which compares favorably with the best silicon-photonic modulators available today. Using cladding materials with stronger nonlinearities, the voltage–length product is expected to improve by more than an order of magnitude.
Metal vapor target for precise studies of ion-atom collisions
Authors: Chen W. , Vorobyev G. , Guo D. , Herfurth F. , Hillenbrand P.-M. , Spillmann U. , Trotsenko S. , Gumberidze A. , Stöhlker Th.
Published: May 2014

Although different ion-atom collisions have been studied in various contexts, precise values of cross-sections for many atomic processes were seldom obtained. One of the main uncertainties originates from the value of target densities. In this paper, we describe a unique method to measure a target density precisely with a combination of physical vapor deposition and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. This method is preliminarily applied to a charge transfer cross-section measurement in collisions between highly charged ions and magnesium vapor. The final relative uncertainty of the target density is less than 2.5%. This enables the precise studies of atomic processes in ion-atom collisions, even though in the trial test the deduction of precise capture cross-sections was limited by other systematic errors.
Searching for answers and validation: Australian women’s experiences of coping with the adverse sexual effects of antidepressants
Authors: O'Mullan Cathy , Doherty Maryanne , Coates Rosemary , Tilley P. J. Matt
Published: May 2014

Sexual difficulties relating to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication have an impact on quality of life and are a common cause for non-adherence to medication. While most research has focussed on the prevalence and treatment of sexual difficulties, little is known about how patients cope with the adverse sexual effects of SSRIs. This qualitative study, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), investigated the experiences of 10 Australian women currently coping with the adverse sexual effects of this antidepressant by conducting semi-structured interviews. This paper presents one major theme from the study and reports the findings related to women’s self-reported experiences of interacting with GPs in their search for answers and validation of their concerns. Findings from the study add to the current literature by providing an insight into how interactions with GPs impact on women’s abilities to cope with adverse sexual effects. Empathic discussions and shared decision-making between GPs and women can provide the opportunity to improve the management of the adverse sexual effects of SSRIs and may lead to improved outcomes for women.
The Rite of Relocation: Social and Material Transformations in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Perry Tam Elisabeth
Published: May 2014

Concerns of appropriate housing may arise in older adulthood. Some older adults may make life work in the place we call home; others take steps to voluntarily relocate in anticipation of health and other needs. While moving at any age can be challenging, moving from one's home in later life also represents multiple reflections: past, present, and future selves, control of one's space and relinquishing the care of one's space to another person or corporation, family support and family fissures, and the body's capacities and limitations. Moving is examined as a moment where regimes of value are negotiated through competing semiotic ideologies and at times social roles are transformed. Ethnographic fieldwork occurred from January 2009 to May 2012 in the Midwest United States. This paper presents experiences of relocation of material and social role transformation as older adults make this housing and, writ large, life transition.
Inbred mouse strains reveal biomarkers that are pro‐longevity, antilongevity or role switching
Authors: Moeller Mark , Hirose Misa , Mueller Sarah , Roolf Catrin , Baltrusch Simone , Ibrahim Saleh , Junghanss Christian , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Jaster Robert , Köhling Rüdiger , Kunz Manfred , Tiedge Markus , Schofield Paul N. , Fuellen Georg
Published: May 2014

Traditionally, biomarkers of aging are classified as either pro‐longevity or antilongevity. Using longitudinal data sets from the large‐scale inbred mouse strain study at the Jackson Laboratory Nathan Shock Center, we describe a protocol to identify two kinds of biomarkers: those with prognostic implication for lifespan and those with longitudinal evidence. Our protocol also identifies biomarkers for which, at first sight, there is conflicting evidence. Conflict resolution is possible by postulating a role switch. In these cases, high biomarker values are, for example, antilongevity in early life and pro‐longevity in later life. Role‐switching biomarkers correspond to features that must, for example, be minimized early, but maximized later, for optimal longevity. The clear‐cut pro‐longevity biomarkers we found reflect anti‐inflammatory, anti‐immunosenescent or anti‐anaemic mechanisms, whereas clear‐cut antilongevity biomarkers reflect inflammatory mechanisms. Many highly significant blood biomarkers relate to immune system features, indicating a shift from adaptive to innate processes, whereas most role‐switching biomarkers relate to blood serum features and whole‐body phenotypes. Our biomarker classification approach is applicable to any combination of longitudinal studies with life expectancy data, and it provides insights beyond a simplified scheme of biomarkers for long or short lifespan.