bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A model of periodization of radio and internet advertising history
Authors: Buchwitz Lilly Anne
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the development of forms of advertising on radio and internet when they were new media and propose a model of periodization through which the two histories can be understood and appreciated.

Design/methodology/approach

Two narrative histories were constructed based on data collected from numerous public and private, historical and contemporary and primary and secondary materials. The methodology of New Historicism informed the research.

Findings

When the two histories are viewed through the model, many similarities in terms of milestones and markers become apparent.

Research limitations/implications

Perhaps when the next new electronic mass medium is invented, a future researcher may look back on this model and consider whether it applies.

Practical implications

For practitioners who consider history a relevant source of knowledge and inspiration, this research offers a way of organizing and understanding the history of internet advertising.

Social implications

Today’s consumers, especially Millennials, continue to seek to avoid advertising on the internet. The use of ad blockers poses a significant threat to the business models of online content providers. This research demonstrates that resistance to advertising is nothing new and that it may be, in the end, futile.

Originality/value

The model is an original creation, based on an original view of history, and offered as a lens through which to understand this history.
State-Business relations and participation of firms in public procurement in russia: An empirical study
Authors: Demidova Olga , Yakovlev Andrei
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we regard public procurement as an instrument used by the government for indirect support of enterprises. In this context, we have investigated the place that public procurement occupy in statebusiness interrelations. Using data from a large survey of Russian manufacturing enterprises conducted in 2009 we show that in Russia public procurement cannot be regarded as a component in the system of exchanges, and the extent of combination between direct and indirect support depends on the level of government. At the federal level direct and indirect instruments of government support complement each other. At the regional and local levels the effect of mutual complementation can be observed only in relations with firms, which conceal information about their ownership structure and are supposedly affiliated with regional and local bureaucrats. In relations with other firms at regional and local levels direct and indirect support substitutes each other.
Uncovering the role of virtual agents in co-creation contexts
Authors: Castellano Sylvaine , Khelladi Insaf , Charlemagne Justine , Susini Jean-Paul
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the roles of virtual agents in a virtual co-creation context by exploring their influence on online trust. An empirical study is conducted in the French online wine business to analyse the impacts of different dimensions of virtual agents on generating online trust.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data were collected through a questionnaire targeting French online wine shoppers.

Findings

The results demonstrate a positive effect of the utility and hedonic functions of virtual agents on online trust. The findings also confirm the moderating role of the perceived risk.

Research limitations/implications

The authors’ convenience sample shows a bias towards a lack of familiarity with virtual agents.

Practical implications

Wine business actors need to consider their customers’ profiles in order to better adapt virtual agents’ functionality and hence improve their customers’ level of online trust while reducing their risk perception. Additionally, understanding virtual agents’ roles can help identify the underlying mechanisms that emerge in a co-creation process.

Originality/value

The study contributes to a better understanding of the human dimension of co-creation by examining the different roles of virtual agents as sources of customers’ online trust.
Axes of relationship value between manufacturers and retailers
Authors: Ruiz-Martinez Alfonso , Gil-Saura Irene , Frasquet Marta
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define the relationship strategy of manufacturers with their retail customers through the identification of axes for the creation of relationship value.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was carried out and 219 valid questionnaires were completed and returned by the purchasing managers of retail companies in the furniture sector. The model was estimated using the partial least squares approach.

Findings

The results revealed three axes of value creation: the core axis, the information and communication technologies (ICTs) axis, and the access axis. These axes included the benefits and costs related to the product and the service provided, the ICTs of the manufacturing project, and the relationships with the sales personnel.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the size of the sample, the authors were unable to analyse the potential unobserved heterogeneity of the sample. The authors would suggest that this aspect should be analysed in future research in order to attempt to segment clients.

Practical implications

Seller support is the main element of value creation. The importance of the efforts made by management to strengthen the capacities of the field force may be highlighted.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this study has been to increase the level of abstraction of the study of relationship value through the identification and modelling of its axes of creation for the under-researched retailers-suppliers relationship.
Experimental investigation of powder-mixed electric discharge machining of AISI P20 steel using different powders and tool materials
Authors: S. Ramesh , Jenarthanan M.P. , A.S. Bhuvanesh Kanna
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of powder-mixed electric discharge machining (PMEDM) using three different powders which are aluminium (Al), silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Besides that, the influence of different tool materials was also studied in this experimental investigation. Hence, the work material selected for this purpose was AISI P20 steel and tool materials were copper, brass and tungsten. The performance measures considered in this work were material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate and radial over cut (ROC).

Design/methodology/approach

The process variables considered in this study were powder types, powder concentration, tool materials, peak current and pulse on time. The experimental design, based on Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array, was adopted to conduct experiments. Significant parameters were identified by performing the analysis of variance on the experimental data.

Findings

Based on the analysis of results, it was observed that copper tool combined with Al powder produced maximum MRR (58.35 mm3/min). Similarly, the Al2O3 powder combined with tungsten tool has resulted least ROC (0.04865 mm). It was also observed that wear rate of tungsten tool was very low (0.0145 mm3/min).

Originality/value

The experimental investigation of PMEDM involving three different powders (Al, SiC and Al2O3) was not attempted before. Moreover, the study of influence of different tool materials (Cu, brass and W) together with the different powders on the electric discharge machining performance was very limited.
Noise filtering techniques for Lamb waves in structural health monitoring
Authors: Sharma Ambuj , Kumar Sandeep , Tyagi Amit
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The real challenges in online crack detection testing based on guided waves are random noise as well as narrow-band coherent noise; and to achieve efficient structural health assessment methodology, magnificent extraction of noise and analysis of the signals are essential. The purpose of this paper is to provide optimal noise filtering technique for Lamb waves in the diagnosis of structural singularities.

Design/methodology/approach

Filtration of time-frequency information of guided elastic waves through the noisy signal is investigated in the present analysis using matched filtering technique which “sniffs” the signal buried in noise and most favorable mother wavelet based denoising methods. The optimal wavelet function is selected using Shannon’s entropy criterion and verified by the analysis of root mean square error of the filtered signal.

Findings

Wavelet matched filter method, a newly developed filtering technique in this work and which is a combination of the wavelet transform and matched filtering method, significantly improves the accuracy of the filtered signal and identifies relatively small damage, especially in enormously noisy data. A comparative study is also performed using the statistical tool to know acceptability and practicability of filtered signals for guided wave application.

Practical implications

The proposed filtering techniques can be utilized in online monitoring of civil and mechanical structures. The algorithm of the method is easy to implement and found to be successful in accurately detecting damage.

Originality/value

Although many techniques have been developed over the past several years to suppress random noise in Lamb wave signal but filtration of interferences of wave modes and boundary reflection is not in a much matured stage and thus needs further investigation. The present study contains detailed information about various noise filtering methods, newly developed filtration technique and their efficacy in handling the above mentioned issues.
Characterization of Al-Al2Cu functionally graded material produced by using horizontal centrifugal casting
Authors: Mehditabar Aref , Rahimi Gholam H. , Vahdat Seyed Ebrahim
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characterizations of high energy thick-walled functionally graded (FG) cylinder containing Al-26%Cu fabricated by horizontal centrifugal casting technique.

Design/methodology/approach

Field emission scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with image analyser software and energy dispersion spectroscopy is applied to measure the variations of constituent phase’s content and elemental ratios along the radial direction, respectively. Distributions of the FG properties are measured through hardness, CTE, E and σy along the radial direction to investigate the mechanical and physical properties corresponding to the variations in microstructure. In addition, the variations of wear rate along the thickness are evaluated through a series of dry sliding wear tests using the pin-on-disk wear machine. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy is employed to characterize the worn-out surfaces and morphology of wear debris in order to clarify the dominant operative wear mechanism.

Findings

Results showed that Al2Cu content gradually decreases from the inner wall containing 33.3 vol.% to outer wall containing 26.4 vol.% in the FG cylindrical shell. The elastic modulus and yield strength measured through compression tests reveal that these mechanical properties are limited up to certain value of Al2Cu. The obtained optimum value of Al2Cu content for studied Al-Al2Cu FG is almost 31 vol.%.

Originality/value

The obtained optimum value of Al2Cu content for studied Al-Al2Cu FG was almost 31 vol.%.
Epidemiological Study of Carbon Monoxide Deaths in Scotland 2007–2016,
Authors: Lisbona Claudia Forés , Hamnett Hilary J.
Published: April 2018

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxications are quite frequent in forensic toxicology. Using a sample of 209 CO‐positive deaths in Scotland from 2007 to 2016, this study provides ranges of percentage CO saturations (%COHb) according to the CO source and examines any correlation with age, gender, alcohol, and preexisting disease. It also reports the full toxicological findings, including drug concentrations, in CO‐positive cases. The highest numbers of fatalities involved males, occurred during autumn/winter, and the main source of CO was fire. The median %COHb in fire‐related cases was significantly lower than in non‐fire‐related cases such as those involving exhausts, generators and gas supply systems, and portable BBQs. There was no relationship between %COHb and age, blood alcohol concentration, or the presence of preexisting cardiovascular and/or respiratory disease. Toxicology results revealed that prescription medications were the most commonly detected drug group and that the number of cases positive for controlled drugs was small.
Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods from Waterlogged Bones: A Pilot Study,
Authors: Cartozzo Claire , Singh Baneshwar , Boone Edward , Simmons Tal
Published: April 2018

When deaths occur in water, soft tissue decomposes after a temperature‐dependent period, making DNA identification dependent on bone. This study examined the effects of water on bone DNA purity and quantity, and determined the best of three extraction methods for isolating DNA. The organic phenol–chloroform method consistently extracted DNA approximating the accepted 260/280 purity value (~1.8); ChargeSwitch® gDNA Plant Kit and DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit produced fair and unacceptable values, respectively. The purity value for humerus and rib samples was consistent across accumulated degree days (ADD). Significant differences in quantification among extraction methods and between bone types were identified. Ribs and ChargeSwitch® gDNA Plant Kit samples produced the lowest mean Ct values of the bone types and the extraction methods, respectively. Therefore, this study proposes that magnetic bead technology extraction methods and ribs be considered when processing bones that have been submerged in water for any length of time.
Relative Importance of Water‐Quality Stressors in Predicting Fish Community Responses in Midwestern Streams
Authors: Meador Michael R. , Frey Jeffrey W.
Published: April 2018

Fish, habitat, and water chemistry data were collected from 98 streams in the midwestern United States, an area dominated by intense cultivation of row crops, in order to identify important water‐quality stressors to fish communities. We focused on 10 stressors including riparian disturbance, riparian vegetative cover, instream fish cover, streambed sedimentation, streamflow variability, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, minimum dissolved oxygen, pesticides, and bed sediment contaminants. Fish community response variables included a measure of observed/expected taxonomic completeness; species‐specific tolerances to nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature; the percent of species classified as macrohabitat generalists; and an index of pesticide toxicity to fish. Multivariate analysis indicated that total nitrogen was the most important stressor, signifying that fish communities were responding to total nitrogen despite relatively high levels common to an agricultural setting. Individually, fish taxonomic completeness decreased with increasing streambed sedimentation, whereas fish community tolerance to total phosphorus increased with increasing streambed sedimentation, riparian disturbance, and total nitrogen. These findings underscore the importance of multiple biological response metrics to better understand the effects of water‐quality stressors on fish communities and highlight the complex relations between total phosphorus and fish communities.
Editorial: ways to reduce emergency department utilisation among IBD patients
Authors: Mak W. Y. , Ng S. C.
Published: April 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Ballou et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14551.
Editorial: optimal dose of carvedilol in portal hypertension…nearly there. Authors' reply
Authors: Reiberger T. , Ferlitsch A.
Published: April 2018

Linked Content

This article is linked to Schwarzer et al and Tripathi and Stanley paper. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14576 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14607.
Liquid Biopsy zur Überwachung von Melanompatienten
Authors: Gaiser Maria Rita , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Gebhardt Christoffer , Utikal Jochen Sven
Published: April 2018

In den letzten sechs Jahren wurden verschiedene innovative systemische Therapien zur Behandlung des metastasierten malignen Melanoms (MM) entwickelt. Die konventionelle Chemotherapie wurde durch neuartige Primärtherapien abgelöst, darunter systemische Immuntherapien (Anti‐CTLA4‐ und Anti‐PD1‐Antikörper; Zulassung von Anti‐PDL1‐Antikörpern erwartet) und Therapien, die gegen bestimmte Mutationen gerichtet sind (BRAF, NRAS und c‐KIT). Daher stehen die behandelnden Ärzte neuen Herausforderungen gegenüber, beispielsweise der Stratifizierung von Patienten für geeignete Behandlungen und der Überwachung von Langzeit‐Respondern auf Progression. Folglich werden zuverlässige Methoden zur Überwachung von Krankheitsprogression oder Behandlungsresistenz benötigt.

Lokalisierte und fortgeschrittene Krebserkrankungen können zur Bildung zirkulierender Tumorzellen und Tumor‐DNA (ctDNA) führen, die sich in Proben von peripherem Blut nachweisen und quantifizieren lassen (Liquid Biopsy). Im Fall von Melanompatienten können die Ergebnisse von Liquid Biopsy als neuartige prädiktive Biomarker bei therapeutischen Entscheidungen hilfreich sein, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit mutationsbasierten zielgerichteten Therapien. Die Herausforderungen bei der Anwendung der Liquid Biopsy beinhalten strikte Kriterien für den Phänotyp der zirkulierenden MM‐Zellen oder ihrer Fragmente und die Instabilität von ctDNA im Blut. In diesem Übersichtsartikel diskutieren wir die Beschränkungen der Liquid Biopsy hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendung in der Routinediagnostik.
Patient satisfaction in 1,827 patients following various methods of facial reconstruction based on age, defect size and site
Authors: Schnabl Saskia Maria , Breuninger Helmut , Iordanou Eleni , Scheu Alexander , Kofler Lukas , Häfner Hans‐Martin , Eberle Franziska Carola
Published: April 2018

Background

Defect coverage following tumor excision requires a case‐by‐case decision as regards the optimal reconstruction technique. In the head and neck region in particular, the cosmetic outcome is of major importance. The objective of the present study was to compare various reconstruction methods in terms of their functional and aesthetic outcome based on patient age, defect size and site.

Patients and methods

Overall, 1,827 patients (age: 18–92 years, median age: 56 years) were contacted. Using a standardized questionnaire, they were asked to assess postoperative complications, cosmetic and functional outcome, and the overall result of the surgical procedure. In addition, patient records were used to collect data on defect size and site as well as the type of surgical procedure employed.

Results

Rated as very good or good (86 %), defect closure by advancement flaps received the highest scores in terms of overall result. Other flaps and skin grafts were rated less favorably. Postoperative complications were significantly more common after local flaps. Irrespective of defect size (< 150 mm2, 150–300 mm2, > 300 mm2), older patients considered the visibility of the scar to be less prominent than younger individuals. Scars in the central facial region were perceived to be more visible. Gender and smoking habits had no impact on the results of the survey.

Conclusions

Scars in the central facial region were perceived to be more prominent. Overall, older individuals considered their scars to be less conspicuous. Even though they are initially associated with greater tension, advancement flaps resulted in very good aesthetic and functional results and a high level of patient satisfaction.
Vernarbende Alopezien
Authors: Kanti Varvara , Röwert‐Huber Joachim , Vogt Annika , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike
Published: April 2018

Primär vernarbende Alopezien (PVA) werden nach der Klassifikation der North American Hair Research Society nach ihrem prominenten entzündlichen Infiltrat in vier Gruppen eingeteilt: PVA mit lymphozytärem, neutrophilem, gemischtzelligem oder unspezifischem Entzündungsmuster. Der Haarausfall kann subklinisch beginnen und langsam fortschreiten, so dass der genaue Erkrankungsbeginn oft schwer nachzuvollziehen ist. Die Diagnose wird häufig verzögert gestellt. Während die meisten vernarbenden Alopezien bei vollständiger Ausprägung anhand des klinischen Bildes klar zugeordnet werden können, ist die Diagnosestellung in der Frühphase oder im Endstadium häufig schwierig. Bei Erstvorstellung sollte eine ausführliche Anamnese und dermatologische Ganzkörperuntersuchung, inklusive Trichoskopie durchgeführt werden. In klinisch unklaren Fällen sollte eine Biopsie erfolgen. Aufgrund der Seltenheit der PVA gibt es bisher nur eine niedrige Evidenz über die Wirksamkeiten der Vielzahl der verschiedenen angewandten Therapien. Ziele der Therapie einer PVA sind, den Haarausfall zu stoppen oder zumindest zu verzögern, die klinischen Entzündungszeichen zu reduzieren, weitere Vernarbung zu verhindern sowie die subjektiven Symptome zu lindern. Ein Nachwachsen in bereits vernarbten Arealen sollte nicht erwartet werden. Eine antientzündliche Therapie mit topischen Kortikosteroiden der Klasse III–IV und/oder mit intrakutanen intraläsionalen Triamcinolonacetonid‐Injektionen kommt bei den meisten PVA in Betracht. Die Wahl der systemischen Therapie hängt von der Art des prädominierenden entzündlichen Infiltrates ab und umfasst antimikrobielle/antibiotische oder immunmodulatorische/immunsuppressive Ansätze. Psychologische Unterstützung und Camouflage‐Techniken sollten den Patienten angeboten werden.
Multimodality imaging for evaluation of chest pain using strain analysis at rest and peak exercise
Authors: Mansour Mohamad Jihad , AlJaroudi Wael , Hamoui Omar , Chaaban Sarah , Chammas Elie
Published: April 2018

Background

Exercise stress echocardiography (SE) is commonly used for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). The use of quantitative echocardiographic measures such as strain imaging is expected to improve the sensitivity of conventional SE which relies on the visual diagnosis of wall‐motion abnormalities (WMAs). This study is set to demonstrate the added value of resting and exercise strain analysis to detect underlying microangiopathy and inducible myocardial ischemia during a resting and SE in comparison with the results of coronary computed tomographic angiogram (CCTA).

Methods

A total of 103 consecutive outpatients from the executive screening program were identified and underwent resting and SE. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and wall‐motion changes at rest and peak exercise were analyzed and compared. Baseline demographics, heart rate, and blood pressure measurements were retrospectively extracted for analysis. CCTA was chosen as an alternative test to match with wall motion and strain imaging.

Results

Patients who had abnormal CCTA had lower resting GLS (14.85% ± 3.05 vs 17.99% ± 2.88, P‐value = .001) when compared to patients with normal CCTA. All patients who had abnormal CCTA had higher wall‐motion score index (1.35 ± 0.2 vs 1.00, P‐value < .0001) and lower and abnormal peak stress GLS (pGLS) as compared to patients with normal CCTA (14.89% ± 3.35 vs 18.44% ± 4.27, P‐value = .007). However, all patients with pGLS ≥ 20% had normal/nonobstructive CCTA. Patients with multiple comorbidities showed reduced and lower values of resting and pGLS (P‐value < .0001), suggesting associated subclinical left ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusions

Global longitudinal strain offers quantitative interpretation of the resting and SE study, detects underlying subclinical left ventricular dysfunction and a peak stress value more than 20% excludes obstructive CAD on CCTA.
Serial echocardiographic changes with different body positions and sleeping side preference in heart failure patients
Authors: Bayraktar Muhammed Fatih , Ozeke Ozcan
Published: April 2018

Background

The sleeping position plays an important role in overall health in both healthy individuals and heart failure (HF) patients, which complain of increasing dyspnea when adopting left lateral decubitus position (LLDP) that improves when turning over to the right lateral decubitus position (RLDP). Several theories have been proposed to explain this preference of HF patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Method

We evaluated consecutive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) patients with regard to whether they had a sleeping position preference and analyzed early and late left ventricular filling velocities, tissue Doppler recordings, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and left ventricular outflow tract time‐velocity integral (LVOT‐TVI). Baseline echocardiographic parameters were obtained first by LLDP, followed by the supine position (SP) and finally RLDP in each position for 10 minutes to ensure a stabilized hemodynamic milieu.

Results

A total of 26 DCMP patients were included in this study and a 78 echocardiographic examination performed. We detected that many HF patients preferred the right lateral decubitus sleeping position (RLDSP, 54%) and avoided from the left lateral decubitus sleeping position (LLDSP, 40%); the echocardiographic LVOT TVI and TAPSE parameters were statistically higher in RLDP compared to SP and LLDP.

Conclusion

The echocardiographic LVOT TVI and TAPSE values as functional parameters of left and right ventricular function change with body position, and these hemodynamic changes may explain why HF patients willingly adopt RLDSP.
Language in a global world: A case study of foreign languages in U.S. K–8 education
Authors: Hellmich Emily A.
Published: April 2018

Over the past decade, there have been numerous calls to update U.S. education to reflect an increasingly global world (Hull & Hellmich, 2018). Foreign languages (FLs) are often perceived as central to these efforts (American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2017). Despite this centrality, less is known about how FLs are understood in U.S. K–12 education today, particularly at the individual and school levels. Using an ecological theoretical frame and a case study research design, this article focused on one K–8 immersion school and examined (1) the discourses that teachers, administrators, parents, and students used to understand FLs in education; (2) how their understandings impacted the learning environment; and (3) how local beliefs and behaviors aligned with larger societal philosophies and practices. Findings revealed areas of both alignment and divergence from previous literature and highlight the complex understandings that are used to position and guide FL education.
Chronological changes in the epidemiological characteristics of upper urinary tract urolithiasis in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Shinichi , Miyazawa Katsuhito , Yasui Takahiro , Iguchi Taro , Fujita Misuzu , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Masaki Takuro , Hasegawa Toru , Hibi Hatsuki , Arakawa Takashi , Ando Ryosuke , Kato Yoshinari , Ishito Noritaka , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Takazawa Ryoji , Tsujihata Masao , Matsuda Tadashi , Akakura Koichiro , Hata Akira , Ichikawa Tomohiko
Published: April 2018

Objectives

To assess epidemiological and chronological trends of upper urinary tract stones in Japan in 2015.

Methods

Patients with a first episode of upper urinary tract stones in 2015 were enrolled in this nationwide survey. The study included all hospitals approved by the Japanese Board of Urology, therefore covering most of the hospitals where urologists practice in Japan. The annual incidence and composition of urolithiasis were evaluated by age and sex. These results were compared with the previous results of the nationwide surveys from 1965 to 2005 to analyze temporal trends.

Results

The estimated annual incidence of a first‐episode upper urinary tract stone in 2015 was 137.9 (191.9 in men and 86.9 in women) per 100 000. The estimated age‐standardized first‐episode upper urinary tract stone incidence in 2015 was 107.8 (150.6 in men and 63.3 in women) per 100 000, which did not represent a significant increase since 2005. An equivalent incidence was observed in patients aged >50 years, whereas a reduced incidence was observed in patients aged <50 years in both sexes. The proportion of patients who received percutaneous nephrolithotomy and/or ureteroscopy increased by approximately fivefold in the past 10 years.

Conclusions

The steady increase in the annual incidence of upper urinary tract stones since 1955 leveled off in 2015. The current results show novel trends in the incidence and treatment modalities in the nationwide surveys of urolithiasis in Japan.
Quality of Author Guidelines in Nursing Journals
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H. , Nicoll Leslie H. , Chinn Peggy L. , Conklin Jamie L. , McCarty Midori , Amarasekara Sathya
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The aims of this study were to (a) describe the information provided in author guidelines in nursing journals, (b) assess the completeness of this information, and (c) identify the extent and types of reporting guidelines used in nursing journals.

Design

Content analysis of author guidelines for 245 nursing journals included in the Directory of Nursing Journals maintained at the International Academy of Nursing Editors website.

Methods

Using Research Electronic Data Capture, data on 19 criteria for completeness were extracted from published author guidelines. Additional details about journal requirements, such as allowed length of manuscripts and format for the abstract, were also recorded. Reliability was established by simultaneous review of 25 journals (10%) by the research assistant and a senior member of the research team.

Findings

Author guidelines were easily accessible at journal websites or through links to download the information. A majority (73.5%) had completeness scores of 75% or higher; six journals had guidelines that were 100% complete. Half of the journals used the American Psychological Association reference style, and 26.3% used the American Medical Association style. Less than one fourth had stated requirements to use reporting guidelines such as Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).

Conclusions

Author guidelines for nursing journals are generally complete and informative. Although specific reporting guidelines such as CONSORT and PRISMA improve the accuracy and completeness of manuscripts on various types of studies, most nursing journals do not indicate use of these for manuscript preparation. Editors who want to improve their author guidelines should use the 19 criteria for completeness as a gauge for updating and revision.

Clinical Relevance

Nurses rely on the published literature to inform their practice and ensure that it is based on evidence. Guidelines for publishing in the scholarly literature assist clinicians and scholars to ensure that published articles are complete, current, concise, and accurate.
INPP4B overexpression and c‐KIT downregulation in human achalasia
Authors: Bonora E. , Bianco F. , Stanzani A. , Giancola F. , Astolfi A. , Indio V. , Evangelisti C. , Martelli A. M. , Boschetti E. , Lugaresi M. , Ioannou A. , Torresan F. , Stanghellini V. , Clavenzani P. , Seri M. , Moonen A. , Van Beek K. , Wouters M. , Boeckxstaens G. E. , Zaninotto G. , Mattioli S. , De Giorgio R.
Published: April 2018

Background

Achalasia is a rare motility disorder characterized by myenteric neuron and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) abnormalities leading to deranged/absent peristalsis and lack of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The mechanisms contributing to neuronal and ICC changes in achalasia are only partially understood. Our goal was to identify novel molecular features occurring in patients with primary achalasia.

Methods

Esophageal full‐thickness biopsies from 42 (22 females; age range: 16‐82 years) clinically, radiologically, and manometrically characterized patients with primary achalasia were examined and compared to those obtained from 10 subjects (controls) undergoing surgery for uncomplicated esophageal cancer (or upper stomach disorders). Tissue RNA extracted from biopsies of cases and controls was used for library preparation and sequencing. Data analysis was performed with the “edgeR” option of R‐Bioconductor. Data were validated by real‐time RT‐PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Key Results

Quantitative transcriptome evaluation and cluster analysis revealed 111 differentially expressed genes, with a P ≤ 10−3. Nine genes with a P ≤ 10−4 were further validated. CYR61, CTGF, c‐KIT, DUSP5, EGR1 were downregulated, whereas AKAP6 and INPP4B were upregulated in patients vs controls. Compared to controls, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a clear increase in INPP4B, whereas c‐KIT immunolabeling resulted downregulated. As INPP4B regulates Akt pathway, we used western blot to show that phospho‐Akt was significantly reduced in achalasia patients vs controls.

Conclusions & Inferences

The identification of altered gene expression, including INPP4B, a regulator of the Akt pathway, highlights novel signaling pathways involved in the neuronal and ICC changes underlying primary achalasia.
Gingival leukemic infiltration as the first manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Fernandes Karin Sá , Gallottini Marina , Castro Talita , Amato Mauricio Flamínio , Lago Juvani Saturno , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2018

Leukemic infiltration of the gingival tissue associated or not with gingival enlargement may be the first manifestation of acute leukemia, despite being rarely reported in the literature. A 10‐year‐old female patient presented with a 1‐month history of an asymptomatic, firm, and pinkish‐red generalized gingival overgrowth. There was no bone resorption. Incisional biopsy of the gingival tissue was performed, with histopathological examination revealing a diffuse and hypercellular infiltration of monocytoid cells. The patient was referred to a hematologist and underwent a bone marrow biopsy, which led to a conclusive diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and we observed regression of gingival enlargement after 4 weeks from the initial therapy.
Evaluation of a new chest physiotherapy technique in dogs with airway fluid accumulation hospitalized in an intensive care unit
Authors: Pouzot‐Nevoret Céline , Goy‐Thollot Isabelle , Billet Didier , Barthélemy Anthony , Blesch Maïlys , Pin Aurélie , Hopper Kate
Published: April 2018

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility, benefits, and adverse effects of prolonged slow expiration (PSE) and assisted cough (AC) as chest physiotherapy (CP) techniques in dogs with airway fluid accumulation.

Design

Prospective interventional study.

Settings

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Intervention group of 30 client‐owned dogs and retrospective control group of 71 client‐owned dogs.

Interventions

PSE was performed on dogs with evidence of airway fluid accumulation, identified based on physical examination and thoracic radiographs. AC was performed if spontaneous cough or swallowing were not evident. The PSE treatment was performed every 6 hours until normalization of respiratory status or hospital discharge. Animals were monitored for respiratory distress, discomfort, and SpO2 during the procedure. A retrospective control group was identified by computer search.

Measurements and Main Results

One hundred thirty‐three sessions of CP were performed on 30 dogs. Discomfort frequency during physiotherapy was low (9%). The most commonly used position for CP was in lateral recumbency (95%) and this was well tolerated in most cases. There was no significant difference in the median SpO2 before and after CP sessions (P = 0.24). Sixty percent of sessions had a spontaneous cough or swallowing evident, 21% had successful AC performed, and no cough or swallowing occurred in the remaining (19%) sessions despite attempts of AC being made. The length of hospitalization was significantly longer in the intervention group (6 days vs 4) (P = 0.02). There was no difference in survival between the intervention (76.7%) and the control (57.7%) group (P = 0.055).

Conclusions

PSE associated with AC are easily adaptable, well‐tolerated techniques in dogs. The benefit of CP in dogs with airway fluid accumulation remains to be determined and it is hoped that future randomized controlled prospective studies may help answer this line of inquiry.
Investigation of human hair using ToF-SIMS: From structural analysis to the identification of cosmetic residues
Authors: Terlier Tanguy , Lee Jihye , Lee Yeonhee
Published: April 2018

Analysis of human hair using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is particularly challenging because of the high transverse curvature of the hair fiber and the presence of the cuticle scales on its surface, which hampers mass spectrometric imaging. Delayed extraction of the secondary ions combined with a simple planar sectioning of the hair has been used to limit the image artifacts encountered with hair samples, giving access to the desired level of information. In this study, the entire structure of human hair was characterized using ToF-SIMS with longitudinal sectioning. Thus, the authors have examined the inner structure of the hair fiber and obtained chemical information from various regions of the hair. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was also used to characterize the variation in surface properties that are dependent on the presence of different cosmetic residues on the hair surface. By subjecting a hair with an unknown cosmetic residue to AFM observation combined with principal component analysis of a ToF-SIMS image, the authors were able to identify the type of cosmetic present and to correlate its spectrometric signature with that of the original hair styling product. These results demonstrate the potential of their methodology for the investigation of human hair specimens and for the development of hair styling products in the cosmetic industry.
Latin America's lost histories revealed
Authors: Wade Lizzie
Published: April 2018

Clues to forgotten migrations emerge from today's genomes.
Chemists seek antiaddiction drugs to battle hijacked brain
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: April 2018

Candidate medications could help addicts overcome cravings that lead to relapse and death.
Human mutation rate a legacy from our past
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

By assessing mutation rates among species, researchers are understanding why they vary.
Measurement of the fine-structure constant as a test of the Standard Model
Authors: Parker Richard H. , Yu Chenghui , Zhong Weicheng , Estey Brian , Müller Holger
Published: April 2018

Refining the fine-structure constant

The fine-structure constant, α, is a dimensionless constant that characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between charged elementary particles. Related by four fundamental constants, a precise determination of α allows for a test of the Standard Model of particle physics. Parker
et al.
used matter-wave interferometry with a cloud of cesium atoms to make the most accurate measurement of α to date. Determining the value of α to an accuracy of better than 1 part per billion provides an independent method for testing the accuracy of quantum electrodynamics and the Standard Model. It may also enable searches of the so-called “dark sector” for explanations of dark matter.

Science
, this issue p.
191
Adapting to life in the big city
Darwin Comes to Town: How the Urban Jungle Drives Evolution
Menno Schilthuizen
Picador, 2018. 304 pp.
Authors: Mooers Arne
Published: April 2018

To thrive in rapidly changing urban areas, plants and animals are evolving at astonishing rates
Crowdsourced genealogies and genomes
Authors: Lussier Alexandre A. , Keinan Alon
Published: April 2018

Genealogical study provides insight into history and life span and heralds crowdsourced genetic research
A recipe for nanoporous graphene
Authors: Sinitskii Alexander
Published: April 2018

Nanoporous graphene created from molecular precursors shows promise for electronic applications
Redemption for self-reactive antibodies
Authors: Kara Ervin E. , Nussenzweig Michel C.
Published: April 2018

Antibody self-reactivity is repaired through antibody gene mutation in B cells
John Sulston (1942–2018)
Authors: Kimble Judith
Published: April 2018

A visionary biologist with a deep social conscience
Tumor immune landscape paintings from the CyTOF period
Authors: Lichtman Andrew
Published: April 2018

Early lung cancer patients harbor cancer-permissive innate immunity in the tumor microenvironment.
Arginase-1 Expression in Myeloid Cells Regulates Staphylococcus aureus Planktonic but Not Biofilm Infection
Authors: Yamada Kelsey J. , Heim Cortney E. , Aldrich Amy L. , Gries Casey M. , Staudacher Anna G. , Kielian Tammy
Published: April 2018

Staphylococcus aureusis a leading cause of device-associated biofilm infections, which represent a serious health care concern based on their chronicity and antibiotic resistance. We previously reported thatS. aureusbiofilms preferentially recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which promote monocyte and macrophage anti-inflammatory properties. This is associated with increased myeloid arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression, which has been linked to anti-inflammatory and profibrotic activities that are observed duringS. aureusbiofilm infections. To determine whether MDSCs and macrophages utilize Arg-1 to promote biofilm infection, Arg-1 was deleted in myeloid cells by use ofTie-2Cremice. Despite Arg-1 expression in biofilm-associated myeloid cells, bacterial burdens and leukocyte infiltrates were similar between wild-type (WT) andArg-1fl/fl;Tie-2Creconditional knockout (KO) mice from days 3 to 14 postinfection in both orthopedic implant and catheter-associated biofilm models. However, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was dramatically elevated in biofilm-associated MDSCs fromArg-1fl/fl;Tie-2Creanimals, suggesting a potential Arg-1-independent compensatory mechanism for MDSC-mediated immunomodulation. Treatment ofArg-1fl/fl;Tie-2Cremice with the iNOS inhibitor N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine (l-NIL) had no effect on biofilm burdens or immune infiltrates, whereas treatment of WT mice with the Arg-1/ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) increased bacterial titers, but only in the surrounding soft tissues, which possess attributes of a planktonic environment. A role for myeloid-derived Arg-1 in regulating planktonic infection was confirmed using a subcutaneous abscess model, in whichS. aureusburdens were significantly increased inArg-1fl/fl;Tie-2Cremice compared to those in WT mice. Collectively, these results indicate that the effects of myeloid Arg-1 are context dependent and are manifest during planktonic but not biofilm infection.
Evaluation of the Vitek MS v3.0 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System for Identification of Mycobacterium and Nocardia Species
Authors: Body Barbara A. , Beard Melodie A. , Slechta E. Susan , Hanson Kimberly E. , Barker Adam P. , Babady N. Esther , McMillen Tracy , Tang Yi-Wei , Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Iakhiaeva Elena , Vasireddy Ravikiran , Vasireddy Sruthi , Smith Terry , Wallace Richard J. , Turner S. , Curtis L. , Butler-Wu Susan , Rychert Jenna
Published: April 2018

This multicenter study was designed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the Vitek MS v3.0 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry system for identification of
Mycobacterium
and
Nocardia
species compared to DNA sequencing. A total of 963 clinical isolates representing 51 taxa were evaluated. In all, 663 isolates were correctly identified to the species level (69%), with another 231 (24%) correctly identified to the complex or group level. Fifty-five isolates (6%) could not be identified despite repeat testing. All of the tuberculous mycobacteria (45/45; 100%) and most of the nontuberculous mycobacteria (569/606; 94%) were correctly identified at least to the group or complex level. However, not all species or subspecies within the
M. tuberculosis
,
M. abscessus
, and
M. avium
complexes and within the
M. fortuitum
and
M. mucogenicum
groups could be differentiated. Among the 312
Nocardia
isolates tested, 236 (76%) were correctly identified to the species level, with an additional 44 (14%) correctly identified to the complex level. Species within the
N. nova
and
N. transvalensis
complexes could not always be differentiated. Eleven percent of the isolates (103/963) underwent repeat testing in order to get a final result. Identification of a representative set of
Mycobacterium
and
Nocardia
species was highly reproducible, with 297 of 300 (99%) replicates correctly identified using multiple kit lots, instruments, analysts, and sites. These findings demonstrate that the system is robust and has utility for the routine identification of mycobacteria and
Nocardia
in clinical practice.
Neutralizing Antibody Responses following Long-Term Vaccination with HIV-1 Env gp140 in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Bricault Christine A. , Kovacs James M. , Badamchi-Zadeh Alexander , McKee Krisha , Shields Jennifer L. , Gunn Bronwyn M. , Neubauer George H. , Ghantous Fadi , Jennings Julia , Gillis Lindsey , Perry James , Nkolola Joseph P. , Alter Galit , Chen Bing , Stephenson Kathryn E. , Doria-Rose Nicole , Mascola John R. , Seaman Michael S. , Barouch Dan H.
Published: April 2018

A vaccination regimen capable of eliciting potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains an unachieved goal of the HIV-1 vaccine field. Here, we report the immunogenicity of longitudinal prime/boost vaccination regimens with a panel of HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp140 protein immunogens over a period of 200 weeks in guinea pigs. We assessed vaccine regimens that included a monovalent clade C gp140 (C97ZA012 [C97]), a tetravalent regimen consisting of four clade C gp140s (C97ZA012, 459C, 405C, and 939C [4C]), and a tetravalent regimen consisting of clade A, B, C, and mosaic gp140s (92UG037, PVO.4, C97ZA012, and Mosaic 3.1, respectively [ABCM]). We found that the 4C and ABCM prime/boost regimens were capable of eliciting greater magnitude and breadth of binding antibody responses targeting variable loop 2 (V2) over time than the monovalent C97-only regimen. The longitudinal boosting regimen conducted over more than 2 years increased the magnitude of certain tier 1 NAb responses but did not increase the magnitude or breadth of heterologous tier 2 NAb responses. These data suggest that additional immunogen design strategies are needed to induce broad, high-titer tier 2 NAb responses.

IMPORTANCE
The elicitation of potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains an elusive goal for the HIV-1 vaccine field. In this study, we explored the use of a long-term vaccination regimen with different immunogens to determine if we could elicit bNAbs in guinea pigs. We found that longitudinal boosting over more than 2 years increased tier 1 NAb responses but did not increase the magnitude and breadth of tier 2 NAb responses. These data suggest that additional immunogen designs and vaccination strategies will be necessary to induce broad tier 2 NAb responses.