bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of genotype with prenatal stress on DNA methylation at birth
Authors: Mulder Rosa H. , Baltramonaityte Vilte , Defina Serena , Trajanoska Katerina , Suderman Matthew , Schwarz Emanuel , Boks Marco P. M. , Walton Esther , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Felix Janine F.
Published: November 2024

Intrauterine stress exposure is associated with offspring health. DNA methylation (DNAm) is as a putative underlying mechanism, but large population-based studies reported limited associations between prenatal stress and DNAm. Recent research has shown that environmental factorsin interactionwith genetic variants are better predictors of DNAm than environment or genotype alone. We investigated whether interactions of maternal prenatal stress with genetic variants are associated with DNAm at birth. We examined 2,963 mother-child pairs from the population-based Generation R Study and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, using a harmonized, comprehensive cumulative prenatal stress measure. We tested genome-wide genotype-by-prenatal stress interactions on epigenome-wide DNAm (GxEmodel), and models including only genetic variants (Gmodel) or prenatal stress (Emodel) as predictors. Follow-up analyses included Gene Ontology analyses and mediation analyses of prenatal alcohol intake, smoking, gestational age, and birth weight. We report two independent gene-by-prenatal-stress interactions on DNAm after multiple testing correction, including five genetic variants inCHD2andORC5,and two DNAm sites inEPPK1. By comparison, the Gmodel showed 691,202 associations and the Emodel showed three associations in genesAHRR, GFI1, andMYO1G, which could largely explained by prenatal smoking. Genes linked to suggestive GxEmodel results were often involved in neuronal development. Our results provide some support of interaction of prenatal stress with the child’s genome on DNAm of genes related to neuronal development. These results do not confirm the notion that gene-by-environment interaction models show more associations with DNAm compared to genes or the environment studied in isolation.
Doubly heavy tetraquark bound and resonant states
Authors: Wu Wei-Lin , Ma Yao , Chen Yan-Ke , Meng Lu , Zhu Shi-Lin
Published: November 2024

We calculate the energy spectrum of the S-wave doubly heavy tetraquark systems, including the QQ(′)q¯q¯, QQ(′)s¯q¯, and QQ(′)s¯s¯ (Q(′)=b, c and q=u, d) systems within the constituent quark model. We use the complex scaling method to obtain bound states and resonant states simultaneously, and the Gaussian expansion method to solve the complex-scaled four-body Schrödinger equation. With a novel definition of the root-mean-square radii, we are able to distinguish between meson molecules and compact tetraquark states. The compact tetraquarks are further classified into three different types with distinct spatial configurations: compact even tetraquarks, compact diquark-antidiquark tetraquarks, and compact diquark-centered tetraquarks. In the I(JP)=0(1+) QQq¯q¯ system, there exists the D*D molecular bound state with a binding energy of −14  MeV, which is the candidate for Tcc(3875)+. The shallow B¯*B¯ molecular bound state is the bottom analog of Tcc(3875)+. Moreover, we identify two resonant states near the D*D* and B¯*B¯* thresholds. In the JP=1+ bbq¯q¯(I=0) and bbs¯q¯ systems, we obtain deeply bound states with a compact diquark-centered tetraquark configuration and a dominant χ3¯c⊗3c component, along with resonant states with similar configurations as their radial excitations. These states are the QCD analog of the helium atom. We also obtain some other bound states and resonant states with “QCD hydrogen molecule” configurations. Moreover, we investigate the heavy quark mass dependence of the I(JP)=0(1+) QQq¯q¯ bound states. We strongly urge the experimental search for the predicted states.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Evaluating novel piperazine derivatives as aluminum corrosion inhibitor: a computational study
Authors: Desai P.S. , Vashi R.T.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the corrosion inhibitory properties of three piperazine derivatives – Ethyl 5-(piperazine-1-yl) benzofuran-2-carboxylate (EPBC), 5-[4–(1-tert-butoxyethenyl) piperazin-1-yl]-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BBPC) and Tert-butyl-4–(2-(ethoxycarbonyl)benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylate (TBPC) – on Al surfaces in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The research uses density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the effectiveness of these derivatives as corrosion inhibitors and to understand their adsorption behavior at the molecular level.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a computational approach using DFT at various levels (B3LYP/6–31+G(d,p), B3LYP/6–311+G(d,p), WB97XD/DGDZVP) to calculate essential quantum chemical parameters such as energy gap (ΔE), ionization energy (I), absolute electronegativity (χ), electron affinity (E), dipole moment (µ), absolute softness (s), fraction of electron transferred (ΔN) and absolute hardness (η). The Fukui function and local softness indices are used to assess the sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks on the inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to analyze the adsorption behavior of these derivatives on the Al (110) surface using the adsorption locator method. Theoretical methods like DFT provide quantum chemical parameters, explaining inhibitor reactivity, whereas molecular dynamics simulate adsorption behavior on Al (110), both supporting and correlating with experimental inhibition efficiency trends.

Findings

This study demonstrates that all three piperazine derivatives exhibit strong adsorption on the Al surface, with high adsorption energies, good solubility and low toxicity, making them effective corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments. Among the three, TBPC showed superior inhibitory performance, particularly in the presence of HCl, due to its optimal electronic properties and stable adsorption on the Al (1 1 0) surface.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the field by combining DFT calculations and molecular dynamic simulations to evaluate the corrosion inhibition potential of piperazine derivatives comprehensively. This work advances the understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of organic inhibitors on metal surfaces and offers a detailed quantum chemical and adsorption behavior analysis.
Public auditors’ perception of digital platforms for popular reporting: insights from the case study of OpenBDAP
Authors: Eltrudis Davide , Monfardini Patrizio , Pattaro Anna Francesca
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper employs the Biondi and Lapsley (2014) accounting information transparency model to investigate whether effective transparency can be achieved through digital platforms for popular reporting. In order to address the limitations in previous research, which predominantly targets non-expert users, this is attained by focusing on the perception of local government auditors. By engaging auditors who are experts in accounting, the study aims to investigate if any cognitive biases in the design of online platforms could impact the achievement of a sophisticated understanding with shared meanings among citizens.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts an explorative and inductive approach, semi-structured interviews and an online survey among the Italian local governments’ Professional Auditors’ Association (ANCREL). Auditors assessed the OpenBDAP (https://openbdap.rgs.mef.gov.it/) platform in facilitating the comparison and analysis of the budgets and financial statements of Italian public sector organisations.

Findings

The results present a nuanced assessment of OpenBDAP, highlighting a general consensus on its ability to enhance the access and understanding of financial data and the appreciation of the utility of infographics in understanding financial data. Therefore, a clear challenge emerges in achieving active engagement of stakeholders. Despite expectations expressed during interviews with the Italian National Accounting Office regarding the design of custom APIs to meet user needs, our findings indicate the potential presence of cognitive biases in the design of the online platform as key obstacles.

Originality/value

By extending the application of the Biondi and Lapsley (2014) model on digital platforms for popular reporting to local government auditors, this study highlights the potential presence of cognitive bias in the design of online platforms that may impact the achievement of effective transparency, an aspect not previously identified in existing research. Finally, it suggests that these popular reporting platforms may evolve beyond mere transparency tools, assuming a broader role as potent learning instruments. This transformation could help to address the inherent complexity of accounting information, which is the real obstacle to achieving transparency.
Can the optimal fiscal policy counteract corporate tax evasion without harming job creation?
Authors: Lisi Gaetano , Castañeda-Rodríguez Víctor Mauricio
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper studies the relation between corporate tax evasion, job creation and optimal fiscal policy. Job creation depends on firms’ profits since firms open (“create”) new jobs when profits increase. In turn, firms’ profits depend on incentives (rewards) and disincentives (penalties) to comply with tax rules. Hence, any fiscal policy to combat tax evasion also has repercussions on job creation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is both theoretical and empirical. From a theoretical point of view, a modified and extended version of the search and matching model of the labor market is used. In this framework, moreover, the welfare function of workers and firms is closely related to the job creation condition. Empirically, a panel analysis of a system of two simultaneous equations that covers 54 countries (both developed and developing) and four years (2018–2021) is carried out.

Findings

The paper finds that anti-tax evasion policies should be related to job creation policies. Also, anti-tax evasion and job creation policies change according to the extent of tax evasion in the economy. Precisely, when tax evasion is widespread, a lower tax burden (tax cuts or provision of fiscal rewards) requires tighter tax audits, whereas, where most people comply with tax rules, a decrease in tax audits is possible.

Practical implications

The empirical analysis supports the model-generated theoretical relationships. Eventually, therefore, the optimal fiscal policy suggested by this work can counteract corporate tax evasion and, at the same time, reduce the firm’s tax burden, thus promoting job creation.

Originality/value

As far as we are aware, this is the first paper that considers the close and direct link between fiscal policy, corporate tax evasion and job creation.
Artificial intelligence and big data from digital health applications: publication trends and analysis
Authors: Arslantaş Selma
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The integration of big data with artificial intelligence in the field of digital health has brought a new dimension to healthcare service delivery. AI technologies that provide value by using big data obtained in the provision of health services are being added to each passing day. There are also some problems related to the use of AI technologies in health service delivery. In this respect, it is aimed to understand the use of digital health, AI and big data technologies in healthcare services and to analyze the developments and trends in the sector.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, 191 studies published between 2016 and 2023 on digital health, AI and its sub-branches and big data were analyzed using VOSviewer and Rstudio Bibliometrix programs for bibliometric analysis. We summarized the type, year, countries, journals and categories of publications; matched the most cited publications and authors; explored scientific collaborative relationships between authors and determined the evolution of research over the years through keyword analysis and factor analysis of publications. The content of the publications is briefly summarized.

Findings

The data obtained showed that significant progress has been made in studies on the use of AI technologies and big data in the field of health, but research in the field is still ongoing and has not yet reached saturation.

Research limitations/implications

Although the bibliometric analysis study conducted has comprehensively covered the literature, a single database has been utilized and limited to some keywords in order to reach the most appropriate publications on the subject.

Practical implications

The analysis has addressed important issues regarding the use of developing digital technologies in health services and is thought to form a basis for future researchers.

Originality/value

In today’s world, where significant developments are taking place in the field of health, it is necessary to closely follow the development of digital technologies in the health sector and analyze the current situation in order to guide both stakeholders and those who will work in this field.
Are social media “Influencers” leaders? Exploring student perceptions of social media influencers in the context of leadership and followership
Authors: Council Austin , Olowoyo Olamide
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This purpose of the study was to investigate, analyze, and make meaning of student perceptions of social media influencers in the context of leadership and followership.

Design/methodology/approach

We investigated whether students perceive social media influencers as leaders, their perceptions of the difference between followers and fans, and the degree of responsibility influencers have over their followers’ behaviors. Existing qualitative data were obtained from n = 41 participants for the study. We used elements of phenomenology within a single case study design (introductory leadership course) to thematically review and analyze students’ discussion posts and agree on common themes.

Findings

Our findings show that most students do not believe influencers are leaders based on value differences between influencers and leaders broadly. Students perceived followers as more actively engaged than fans based on their ability to work alongside leaders, while fans are more passive by only consuming and admiring influencers’ content. Lastly, most students noted that influencers are responsible for the behaviors of their followers and should have more awareness of their power and influence online.

Originality/value

As social media continues to influence the perceptions of the younger generations of leaders, our findings seek to provide insights into the evolving and dynamic nature of leadership and followership in the digital age.
Unlocking the power of internal audit function (IAF) and corporate social responsibility (CSR): enhancing integrated reporting quality in Malaysian companies
Authors: Al-Qadasi Adel Ali , Ghaleb Belal Ali , Qaderi Sumaia Ayesh
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to seek to answer concerns about the sufficiency of traditional corporate reporting by examining the influence of the internal audit function’s (IAF) qualities on integrated reporting quality (IRQ) and the moderating effect of corporate social responsibility committee’s (CSRC). Even though integrated reporting (IR) is becoming more significant, nothing is known about the function of IAF in this setting.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses ordinary least squares regressions, integrating two-way cluster-robust standard errors (clustered by firm and year), to examine the association between the quality IAF and IRQ, as well as the moderating influence of CSRC, for companies listed in Malaysia spanning the period from 2017 to 2020.

Findings

Analysing data from Malaysian-listed firms (2017–2020), findings show that increased IAF investments are associated with lower IRQ, particularly in the presence of a CSRC. However, firms with in-house show a positive association with higher IRQ, which is amplified by a CSRC. This suggests a complementary relationship between CSRC and in-house IAF, potentially guiding regulatory practices regarding CSR or sustainability committees. Thus, the presence of CSRC signifies the organization’s dedication to the advancement of sustainable development principles.

Originality/value

This study’s implications include promoting stronger internal mechanisms such as IAFs and CSRCs, which will ultimately improve IRQ. This research contributes to understanding the combined impact of IAF and CSRC on reporting quality by focusing on them as key governance components influencing both financial and non-financial reporting. As a result, regulators and practitioners can gain insights to improve IR efficacy and stakeholder decision-making.
CROSSING THE LINE: Nationalist Gentrification and Settler Expansion in Israel's ‘Mixed Cities’
Authors: Shmaryahu‐Yeshurun Yael , Monterescu Daniel
Published: November 2024

In this article we point to the intersection between political settlement movements, religion and economic gentrification by identifying a new type of gentrifier who has settled in Israel's mixed cities: the nationalist gentrifier. Against the background of Israel's disengagement from Gaza in 2005, experienced as a deep crisis in the Zionist‐religious settlement movement, new urban sites of spatial and sociopolitical action emerged. On the basis of interviews, residential participant observation and document analysis, we detail the geographical and sociological context in which nationalist gentrifiers operate in the mixed city of Jaffa and their perceptions and motivations for settlement. Drawing on recent gentrification literature, we show how these actors strategically activate the profiles of the ‘conqueror gentrifier’, the ‘colonizing gentrifier’ and the ‘competitor gentrifier’ vis‐à‐vis different local communities. The new nationalist gentrifiers are distinguished from both the secular liberal gentrifiers and the religious settler movement beyond the Green Line. This sociological hybrid configuration reflects processes of privatization and commodification of space as well as trends of nationalist radicalization prevalent in contemporary Jewish society in Israel. It should also prompt scholars to critically examine both the ethnonational and economic drivers of expansion projects in contested urban spaces.
Interparliamentary cooperation in the EU in the face of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Dulak Michał
Published: November 2024

The study explains how interparliamentary cooperation (IPC) contributed to maintaining unity in the European Union's (EU) response to the Russian–Ukrainian war. A theoretical framework is derived from the concepts of Crum's and Fossum's multilevel parliamentary field and Christopher Lord's theory on the role of parliamentary cooperation in the external relations of the EU. The empirical material for the qualitative and quantitative content analysis covers 25 IPC documents adopted between March 2022 and September 2023. Findings indicate that national parliaments have actively used IPC forums in the EU to address the war in Ukraine, emphasizing EU unity and collective actions over national concerns. Maintaining unity in the EU is highlighted as essential for managing and implementing decisions, especially given the likelihood of the Ukraine conflict becoming a prolonged crisis.
Deferred compensation, managerial retirement, and the stewardship perspective of financial accounting
Authors: Schäfer Ulrich , Pelger Christoph
Published: November 2024

Deferred compensation is often proposed as an instrument to prevent managerial myopia. However, empirical studies show that its practical use is limited when it comes to managerial retirement. We study the optimal design of accounting‐based deferred compensation for retiring managers. While deferred compensation is useful in establishing long‐term incentives, it causes contracting frictions in subsequent periods. Deferred bonuses of retiring managers imply inefficiently weak incentives for incoming managers. This down‐scaling effect renders deferred compensation less useful in providing long‐term incentives. We also find that the down‐scaling effect has implications for the desirability of accounting timeliness—that is, the timely recognition of future cash flows in current accounting earnings—from a stewardship perspective. If managers' long‐term actions are sufficiently important, higher timeliness can cause more myopic managerial incentives.
History and genetic diversity of African sheep: Contrasting phenotypic and genomic diversity
Authors: Da Silva Anne , Ahbara Abulgasim , Baazaoui Imen , Jemaa Slim Ben , Cao Yinhong , Ciani Elena , Dzomba Edgar Farai , Evans Linda , Gootwine Elisha , Hanotte Olivier , Harris Laura , Li Meng‐Hua , Mastrangelo Salvatore , Missohou Ayao , Molotsi Annelin , Muchadeyi Farai C. , Mwacharo Joram M. , Tallet Gaëlle , Vernus Pascal , Hall Stephen J. G. , Lenstra Johannes A.
Published: November 2024

Domesticated sheep have adapted to contrasting and extreme environments and continue to play important roles in local community‐based economies throughout Africa. Here we review the Neolithic migrations of thin‐tailed sheep and the later introductions of fat‐tailed sheep into eastern Africa. According to contemporary pictorial evidence, the latter occurred in Egypt not before the Ptolemaic period (305–25 BCE). We further describe the more recent history of sheep in Egypt, the Maghreb, west and central Africa, central‐east Africa, and southern Africa. We also present a comprehensive molecular survey based on the analysis of 50 K SNP genotypes for 59 African breeds contributed by several laboratories. We propose that gene flow and import of fat‐tailed sheep have partially overwritten the diversity profile created by the initial migration. We found a genetic contrast between sheep north and south of the Sahara and a west–east contrast of thin‐ and fat‐tailed sheep. There is no close relationship between African and central and east Asian fat‐tailed breeds, whereas we observe within Africa only a modest effect of tail types on breed relationships.
Real‐time physiological environment emulation for the Istanbul heart ventricular assist device via acausal cardiovascular modeling
Authors: Rahman Hammad Ur , Mehmood Khunsha , Abdulhamid Farouk , Lazoglu Ismail , Bakuy Vedat , Küçükaksu Deniz Süha
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

The cost and complexity associated with animal testing are significantly reduced by using mock circulatory loops prior. Novel mock circulatory loops allow us to test biomedical devices preclinically due to their flexibility, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness. The presented work describes the development of a hardware‐in‐the‐loop platform to emulate human physiology for the Istanbul Heart (iHeart‐II) LVAD.

Methods

A closed‐loop system is developed whereby the effect of the LVAD on the heart and vice versa can be studied. An acausal model of the cardiovascular system is calibrated to emulate advanced‐stage heart failure. A new prototype of the iHeart‐II LVAD is connected between two air‐actuated chambers emulating the left ventricle and aortic chambers with PID controllers tracking numerically modeled pressures from the in silico model. A lead–lag compensator is used to maintain fluid level. Controllers are tuned using nonlinear Hammerstein‐Weiner models identified using open‐loop data. The iHeart‐II LVAD is operated at various speeds in its operational range, and the resulting hemodynamics are visualized in real time.

Results

Hemodynamic variables, such as LVAD flow rate, aortic, left ventricular, and pulse pressure, demonstrate trends similar to clinical observations. The iHeart‐II LVAD achieves hemodynamic normalization at ~3500 rpm for the emulated condition.

Conclusions

A novel evaluation methodology is adopted to study the performance of the iHeart LVAD under advanced‐stage heart failure emulation. The models and controllers used in the platform are readily replicable to facilitate VAD research, pedagogy, design, and development.
NaHS alters synaptic plasticity proteins and enhances dendritic arborization to improve cognitive and motor deficits after traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Nasir Farheen , Yadav Priyanka , Sivanandam Thamil Mani
Published: November 2024

Background and Purpose

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex medical condition affecting people globally. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recently discovered gaseous mediator and is dysregulated in the brain after TBI. Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), a known donor of H2S, is beneficial in various biological processes involving aging and diseases, including injury. It is neuroprotective against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and other secondary injury processes. However, the NaHS‐H2S system has not been investigated as a regulator of injury‐mediated synaptic plasticity proteins and the underlying mechanisms after TBI.

Experimental approach

We developed a model of TBI in Swiss albino mice to study the effects of exogenous H2S, administered as NaHS. We assessed cognitive function (Barnes maze and novel object recognition) and motor function (rotarod). Brain tissue was analysed with ELISA, qRT‐PCR, immunoblotting, Golgi‐cox staining, and immunofluorescence.

Key results

NaHS administration restored the injury‐caused decline in H2S levels. Injury‐mediated oxidative stress parameters were improved following NaHS. It down‐regulated TBI biomarkers, ameliorated the synaptic marker proteins, and improved cognitive and motor deficits. These changes were accompanied by enhanced dendritic arborization and spine number. Restoration of N‐methyl D‐aspartate receptor subunits and diminished glutamate and calcium levels, along with marked changes in microtubule‐associated protein 2 A and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, formed the basis of the underlying mechanism(s).

Conclusion and Implications

Our findings suggest that NaHS could have therapeutic activity against TBI, as it ameliorated cognitive and motor deficits caused by changes in synaptic plasticity proteins and dendritic arborisation, in our model.
Cross‐border E‐commerce Reform and Entrepreneurial Activity in Urban Services – Evidence from Chinese Service Industry Enterprise Registration Data
Authors: Gao Xin , Kong Shuo
Published: November 2024

Cross‐border e‐commerce (CBEC) significantly stimulates foreign trade development and the flow of goods and services. This study, using Chinese city‐level data and a multiperiod difference‐in‐differences model based on CBEC comprehensive pilot zones, explores the impact of CBEC reform on urban service industry entrepreneurship. The results show that CBEC reform increased entrepreneurial activity, and this is confirmed by robustness tests. The mechanisms driving this effect include the attraction of foreign direct investment, improved information infrastructure, and talent development. Regional analysis reveals stronger effects in central, western, and noncoastal cities, and industry analysis highlights public and consumer services. Spatial heterogeneity shows that the reform's impact diminished with distance from pilot zones, with potential inhibitory effects in remote areas. This study demonstrates how CBEC reform can stimulate entrepreneurship and foster economic growth.
Competitive interactions modify the direct effects of climate
Authors: Christiansen Ditte Marie , Ehrlén Johan , Hylander Kristoffer
Published: November 2024

As the climate is changing, species respond by changing their distributions and abundances. The effects of climate are not only direct, but also occur via changes in biotic interactions, such as competition. Yet, the role of competition in mediating the effects of climate is still largely unclear. To examine how climate influences species performance, directly and via competition with other species, we transplanted two moss species differing in climate niches, alone and together at 59 sites along a climate gradient. Growth was monitored over three growing seasons. In the absence of competition, both species performed better under warmer conditions. Yet, when transplanted together, a warmer climate had negative effects on the northern moss, while the effects remained positive for the southern species. The negative effect of a cold climate on the southern species was larger when both species were transplanted together. Over three growing seasons, the southern species almost outcompeted the northern in warmer climates. Our results illustrate how competitive interactions can modify, and even reverse, the direct effects of climate on organism performance. A broader implication of our results is that species interactions can have important effects on how environmental and climate change influence performance and abundance.
Colonization and extinction lags drive non‐linear responses to warming in mountain plant communities across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Bektaş Billur , Chisholm Chelsea , Egelkraut Dagmar , Lynn Joshua , Block Sebastián , Deola Thomas , Dommanget Fanny , Enquist Brian J. , Goldberg Deborah E. , Haider Sylvia , Halbritter Aud H. , He Yongtao , Jaunatre Renaud , Jentsch Anke , Klanderud Kari , Kardol Paul , Lachmuth Susanne , Loucougaray Gregory , Münkemüller Tamara , Niedrist Georg , Nomoto Hanna , Seltzer Lorah , Paul Töpper Joachim , Rew Lisa J. , Seipel Tim , Shah Manzoor A. , James Telford Richard , Walker Tom W.N. , Wang Shiping , Wardle David A. , Wolff Peter , Yang Yan , Vandvik Vigdis , Alexander Jake M.
Published: November 2024

Global warming is changing plant communities due to the arrival of new species from warmer regions and declining abundance of cold‐adapted species. However, experimentally testing predictions about trajectories and rates of community change is challenging because we normally lack an expectation for future community composition, and most warming experiments fail to incorporate colonization by novel species. To address these issues, we analyzed data from 44 whole‐community transplant experiments along 22 elevational gradients across the Northern Hemisphere. In these experiments, high‐elevation communities were transplanted to lower elevations to simulate warming, while also removing dispersal barriers for lower‐elevation species to establish. We quantified the extent and pace at which warmed high‐elevation communities shifted towards the taxonomic composition of lower elevation communities. High‐elevation plant communities converged towards the composition of low‐elevation communities, with higher rates under stronger experimental warming. Strong community shifts occurred in the first year after transplantation then slowed over time, such that communities remained distinct from both origin and destination control by the end of the experimental periods (3‐9 years). Changes were driven to a similar extent by both new species colonization and abundance shifts of high‐elevation species, but with substantial variation across experiments that could be partly explained by the magnitude and duration of experimental warming, plot size and functional traits. Our macroecological approach reveals that while warmed high‐elevation communities increasingly resemble communities at lower elevations today, the slow pace of taxonomic shifts implies considerable colonization and extinction lags, where a novel taxonomic composition of both low‐ and high‐elevation species could coexist for long periods of time. The important contribution of the colonizing species to community change also indicates that once dispersal barriers are overcome, warmed high‐elevation communities are vulnerable to encroachment from lower elevation species.
Does fat identity matter? The effect of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on bumble bee consumption and fitness
Authors: Ruedenauer Fabian A. , Schaeffler Alexa Aline , Schneider Tim , Rakonic Gabriela , Spaethe Johannes , Leonhardt Sara D.
Published: November 2024

Different animal species have specific nutrient needs, guiding their foraging preferences towards particular food properties, such as specific nutrient content or ratios, and thus their ecological interactions. Bumble bees, for instance, can assess pollen fatty acid content, impacting their foraging choices and reproductive success. While they avoid high fatty acid concentrations, certain fatty acids can enhance cognitive abilities and potentially benefit bee fitness.

However, the effects of specific fatty acids on bees remain unclear, even though unsaturated fatty acids are generally considered more beneficial than saturated ones. To investigate this further, we conducted feeding experiments with pollen enriched with six fatty acids at varying concentrations fed to bumble bees.

Our findings reveal that bees mostly preferred pure pollen over high fatty acid concentrations. Additionally, high fatty acid concentrations negatively affected reproduction, while lower concentrations, resembling pure pollen, had no such effect. Notably, pollen enriched with stearic acid was consistently consumed regardless of concentration without adverse effects on reproduction, even at high concentrations. Conversely, low palmitic acid concentrations boosted survival and reproduction, but this benefit vanished at higher concentrations.

Overall, our results emphasise the importance of fatty acid concentration for bee nutrition and fitness, while also demonstrating that individual fatty acids can have differing effects on bee behaviour and health. Pollen fatty acid composition may therefore strongly affect the bees' foraging choices and hence plant–bee interactions.
Construction of ceRNA Network and Disease Diagnosis Model for Keloid Based on Tumor Suppressor ERRFI1
Authors: Chen Pengsheng , Su Qingfu , Lin Xingong , Zhou Xianying , Yao Wanting , Hua Xiaxinqiu , Huang Yanyan , Xie Rongrong , Liu Huiyong , Wang Chaoyang
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to identify the key biomarker of keloid (KD) with significant diagnostic value and to construct the related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and disease diagnostic model to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and prevention of KD. Public databases were used to identify the key gene of KD. Enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration (ICI) analysis revealed its functional and immune characteristics. Then, a ceRNA network was constructed to explore the potential pathways of it. Random forest (RF) analysis was applied to construct a predictive model for the disease diagnosis of KD. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT‐qPCR were used to verify the differential expression of key gene. ERRFI1 was identified as a key biomarker in KD and was lowly expressed in KD. The ceRNA network revealed that H0TAIRM1‐has‐miR‐148a‐3p‐ERRFI1 may be a potential pathway in KD. Finally, a 2‐gene diagnostic prediction model (ERRFI1, HSD3B7) was constructed and externally validated and the results suggested that the model had good diagnostic performance. ERRFI1 is a downregulated gene in KD and is expected to be a promising predictive marker and disease diagnostic gene. ICI may play a role in the progression of KD. The ceRNA network may provide new clues to the potential pathogenesis of KD. Finally, the new KD diagnostic model could be an effective tool for assessing the risk of KD development.
Recurrent GRHL fusions in a subset of sebaceoma: microscopic and molecular characterisation of eight cases
Authors: Legrand Mélanie , Louveau Baptiste , Macagno Nicolas , Mancini Maxence , Kazakov Dmitry V , Pissaloux Daniel , Tirode Franck , Tallet Anne , Mourah Samia , Lepiller Quentin , de la Fouchardière Arnaud , Sohier Pierre , Frouin Eric , von Deimling Andreas , Goto Keisuke , Cribier Bernard , Calonje Eduardo , Taibjee Saleem , Battistella Maxime , Kervarrec Thibault
Published: November 2024

Aims

Sebaceous neoplasms constitute a group of adnexal tumours, including sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma and sebaceous carcinoma. Although mismatch repair deficiency may be observed, the nature of the genetic alterations contributing to the development of most of these tumours is still unknown. In the present study, we describe the clinical, microscopic, and molecular features of eight sebaceomas with GRHL gene rearrangement.

Methods and results

Among these sebaceomas, four occurred in women and four in men; the median age was 63 years (range = 29–89). The tumours were located in the head and neck area in all cases. Microscopic examination revealed a well‐demarcated lesion located in the dermis with focal extension into the subcutaneous tissue (three cases). The neoplasms displayed macronodular (eight cases), cribriform (seven cases) and organoid (six cases) growth patterns, occurring in combination. The tumours were mainly composed of immature basophilic cells associated with scattered mature sebocytes. Numerous small infundibular cysts were present in seven cases. Mitotic activity was low (none/one to four mitoses/mm2). Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for androgen receptor and p63. Preserved expression of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 was observed in all cases. RNA‐sequencing revealed RCOR1::GRHL2 (three cases), BCL6::GRHL1 (two cases), a BCOR::GRHL2 (one case), RCOR1::GRHL1 (one case) and TLE1::GRHL1 (one case) fusion transcript. Methylation analysis demonstrated that GRHL‐fused sebaceomas form an independent cluster and highlight the proximity of such tumours with poromas with folliculo‐sebaceous differentiation.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we report recurrent fusions of the GRHL genes in a distinctive subset of sebaceomas harbouring infundibulocystic differentiation, a frequent organoid growth pattern and lack of mismatch repair deficiency.
Evolution of morphological changes in donor livers undergoing normothermic machine perfusion
Authors: Paterson A L , Gaurav R , Swift L , Webster R , Fear C , Butler A J , Watson C J E
Published: November 2024

Aims

There is a shortage of livers for transplantation in the United Kingdom; despite this, more than a fifth of those retrieved are not transplanted. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) allows a functional assessment of marginal organs using biochemical parameters. This study describes the histological changes in livers undergoing NMP.

Methods and results

A total of 170 biopsies taken pre‐NMP, after 4 h of NMP, end‐NMP and at implantation from 50 livers undergoing NMP as part of standard local transplant practice were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty‐eight per cent had large droplet macrovesicular steatosis pre‐NMP, which was associated with reduced organ utilisation, P = 0.096, subsequent extracellular fat and a neutrophilic reaction; 32% had small droplet macrovesicular steatosis pre‐NMP suggestive of acute cellular stress, the severity of which was unchanged in 64% during the perfusion period. Those showing at least moderate hepatocellular necrosis at end‐NMP were less likely to be transplanted (55 versus 24%, P = 0.0505). Variation in the extent of hepatocyte necrosis was seen between biopsies, with 43% of transplanted cases showing less hepatocyte necrosis at implantation compared to end‐NMP and 21% more severe necrosis. Patchy portal inflammation was present in 96% of pre‐NMP biopsies, although identifiable duct injury was rare and portal thrombi were not identified. Sinusoidal dilation pre‐NMP was more frequent in donation after circulatory death donors, typically persisted during NMP although had improved by implantation in most and had resolved in cases with an early post‐transplant biopsy.

Conclusions

Histological changes in NMP livers predominantly comprise donor‐derived steatosis, stress‐associated small droplet steatosis, retrieval‐ and procedure‐associated sinusoidal dilation and ischaemic injury.
Local Grammar Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis: A Case Study on the Discursive Representation of Climate Change in the UN News
Authors: Ye Jun , Huan Changpeng , Su Hang
Published: November 2024

This study explores the applicability of local grammar in critical discourse analysis, which is demonstrated by an investigation into the discursive representation of climate change. Using UN climate change news as the data, the study shows that climate change was typically construed as ‘Problem’, ‘Cause’, ‘Definiendum’ and ‘Effect’, and a close examination of the semantic roles of climate change reveals how the UN conceptualised the changing climate and urged the public to act on climate change. Overall, the study shows that local grammar can facilitate the identification of semantic roles of discourse phenomena, which in turn contributes to exploring the association between discourse practice and social reality. It is thus concluded that local grammar could be a viable approach to critical discourse studies.
‘Invented‐on‐the‐fly’ mobile application for disaster response: Construction of technological frames and impact
Authors: Sharma Sujeet Kumar , Singh Jang Bahadur , Kumar Mayank
Published: November 2024

The natural disaster response efforts are time‐constrained, requiring quick and on‐the‐fly development and the adoption of technological innovations to meet the ever‐changing contextual requirements. However, there are limited available insights on implementing and managing those ‘invented‐on‐the‐fly’ innovations. This study draws upon sensemaking and technological frames to examine the adoption process of an on‐the‐fly developed mobile app in the context of the Gaja cyclone in India. Our findings inform that the adoption of technological innovation in disaster response is linked to its ‘features’ that actors draw upon in their sensemaking process and forming their technological frames. Initial sensemaking and technological framing may involve ‘concrete features’. However, the later sensemaking of evolving contingencies may include discovering various ‘abstract features’ in action. Discoveries of abstract features in action trigger reframing, leading to a congruent technological frame and better exploitation of innovations. Given that natural disasters are occurring more frequently, findings from our study provide critical insights into managing technology innovations in these contexts. The revelation of the role of features in technological (re)framing also enriches the analytical power of the technological frame lens.
Translocation experiment of taiga bean geese Anser fabalis provides evidence for oblique social learning of moult migration
Authors: Sokolovskis Kristaps , Piironen Antti , Laaksonen Toni
Published: November 2024

While there is ample evidence supporting genetic control of migratory behaviour in short‐lived passerines, long‐lived social species have been assumed to rely solely on cultural inheritance of migratory routes. Evidence from experimental studies supporting this idea is scarce. We tested whether the moult migration in taiga bean geese Anser fabalis has an inherited component or whether the birds need oblique social learning (where knowledge on migration is transferred from any experienced individual to any naïve individual conspecific) to carry out this journey. In many waterfowl species, non‐breeders and failed breeders migrate to remote places for wing moult while successful breeders stay at the breeding grounds and moult with their chicks. We translocated one‐year‐old taiga bean geese before their first moult migration to sites outside of the breeding range to examine whether they display innate moult migration behaviour without experienced conspecifics or not. The birds were equipped with GPS‐transmitters and released in randomly assigned groups of two. Wild control one‐year‐old birds were released immediately after capture with other non‐breeding geese, while a procedural control group consisting of older birds was held in captivity until being released at the same time with the translocated one‐year‐old birds but in the place where they were captured. Most translocated birds found conspecifics and either joined locally moulting breeders or followed experienced birds to moulting sites in Russia. Two of the translocated birds did not find other bean geese and settled to moult together in southwest Finland. The wild control birds moult‐migrated as expected, while only one of the procedural control birds moult‐migrated to Russia and the remaining three stayed with locally moulting breeders in Finland. Our results support the idea that moult migration in geese is culturally inherited, highlighting the importance of the non‐relative, experienced adult individuals in maintaining population‐specific behaviours.
Stopover regions, phenology, and spatiotemporal group dynamics of adult and juvenile common terns Sterna hirundo from inland lakes in North America
Authors: Bracey Annie , Strand Fred , Grinde Alexis , Cuthbert Francesca , McKellar Ann E. , Moore David , Craig Elizabeth , Lisovski Simeon
Published: November 2024

Understanding the behavior of migratory birds can help determine levels of connectivity and inform conservation actions for species of conservation concern. The common tern Sterna hirundo is a long‐distance migratory seabird that is considered a species of conservation concern in the North American Great Lakes region and that has experienced significant declines in breeding numbers across large lakes in Manitoba. To better understand the movement ecology of common terns, we used data from multiple tracking technologies (solar geolocation, GPS tracking, and Motus radio tracking) obtained from individuals (n = 83) across five breeding colonies on four inland lakes in North America. We identified key stopover regions used during southward migration and explored how demographics and social interactions influence connectivity. We identified three key stopover regions (Lake Erie, the southern Atlantic Coast, and Florida) and documented, for the first time, differences in post‐natal and post‐breeding migration for inland nesting terns. Juveniles arrived, on average, three weeks later than unrelated adults to their first major staging area. Although adult female arrival to and departure from Lake Erie was similar to adult males, female schedules became significantly earlier than males as southward migration progressed. Using a graph network to describe the spatiotemporal associations among adults from the same inland lake, individuals appeared to be highly connected, meeting up in different regions throughout the non‐breeding season, suggesting that social interactions may play an important role in maintaining spatial connectivity. Despite differences in migration schedules by sex and arrival to the first major staging area by age class, birds appeared to rely on the same key stopover regions during southward migration. The stopover regions identified in this study can help identify potential bottlenecks and guide future research aimed at assessing the impacts of climate change and human disturbance on common terns breeding in North America.