bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traube-Hering Waves in the Pulmonary Circulation of the Dog
Authors: Szidon Jan P. , Cherniack Neil S. , Fishman Alfred P.
Published: October 2006

Although the pulmonary blood vessels receive an ample supply of nerves, it has been difficult to prove that these nerves operate in the regulation of the pulmonary circulation. In the present study, using the isolated lobe of the lung perfused in situ, waves in pulmonary arterial pressure were induced and were shown, as in the case of Traube-Hering waves in the systemic circulation, to be nervous in origin.
Linguistic Structure and Transposition
Authors: Glick Joseph , Sharp Donald , Cole Michael , Gay John
Published: October 2006

Transfer of a learned discrimination along the size dimension was studied in groups of American and African tribal children. The language spoken by the African children contains an asymmetry in the expression of size comparisons that is not present in English. Contrary to theories of linguistic mediation of choice behavior, transfer choices were not related to the differing linguistic patterns; however, initial choices and post-test descriptions of choices were so related.
Carbon Dioxide Compensation Points in Related Plant Species
Authors: Moss Dale N. , Krenzer Eugene G. , Brun William A.
Published: October 2006

Both high and low CO
2
compensation concentrations were found in the plant genera-
Panicum
,
Cyperus
, and
Euphorbia
. Within each genus, however, high and low compensations were found in different subgenera. Thus, they may not be genetically closely related. No significant differences in CO
2
compensation were found among 100 genetic lines of
Triticum aestivum
L. or among 20 lines of
Hordeum vulgare
L.
Mitochondrial Autonomy: Incorporation of Monosaccharides into Glycoprotein by Isolated Mitochondria
Authors: Bosmann H. Bruce , Martin Sarah S.
Published: October 2006

Isolated intact mitochondria selectively incorporate monosaccharides from nucleotide diphosphate monosaccharides into protein. Fucose, mannose, glucose, and galactose were incorporated by the mitochondria into glycoprotein; xylose was not. Structural integrity of the mitochondria was not necessary for the incorporation of monosaccharide into glycoprotein; mitochondria broken by homogenization also incorporated monosaccharide. The monosaccharides incorporated into glycoprotein were localized in the inner mitochondrial membranes, the same membranes which contain the protein into which leucine is incorporated by the isolated mitochondria.
Solar Differential Rotation and Oblateness
Authors: Clark Alfred , Thomas John H. , Clark Patricia André
Published: October 2006

An investigation of the time development of differential rotation produced by the solar wind torque indicates that the sun has a rapidly rotating core.
Soap Bubbles: Two Years Old and Sixty Centimeters in Diameter
Authors: Grosse A. V.
Published: October 2006

Soap bubbles of long life (over 2 years) and large size (over 60 centimeters in diameter, 100 liters volume) have been produced from bubble solutions improved by the addition of water-soluble synthetic organic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyoxyethylene. The natural life can be defined as the time it takes for the bubble, if left undisturbed, to contract from the original size to a flat film.
Speech: Relation of Nonfluency to Information Value
Authors: Lanyon Richard I.
Published: October 2006

In spontaneous speech and oral reading of stutterers, likelihood of nonfluency occurring on any word is not related to the amount of information carried by that word. The same is true for spontaneous speech of normal speakers. Previous contrary findings can be accounted for by the relationship between information value and word length.
Cytogenetic Effects of Cyclamates on Human Cells in vitro
Authors: Stone D. , Lamson E. , Chang Y. S. , Pickering K. W.
Published: October 2006

Chromosome studies on human cells in vitro have shown that the artificial sweeteners, sodium and calcium cyclamate, can induce chromosome breaks in vitro in human cells, in both leukocyte and monolayer cultures.
Wind Measurements in Noctilucent Clouds
Authors: Theon J. S. , Smith W. S. , McGovern W. E.
Published: October 2006

The results of eight soundings conducted from sites at high latitude during the summers of 1963 through 1965 suggest that a relation exists between the winds at the mesopause and the occurrence of noctilucent clouds. These measurements indicate that situations in which noctilucent clouds are present are associated with lower wind speeds than is the case where there are no clouds.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylase Activity in Pea Seedlings
Authors: Kalousek Frantisek , Morris N. Ronald
Published: October 2006

Deoxyribonucleic acid methylase activity has been detected in a preparation of disrupted nuclei prepared from pea seedlings. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine acted as a donor of methyl groups, and the product of the reaction was identified as 5-methylcytosine. The reaction had a sharp temperature optimum at about 30°C and was unusual in that the DNA methylase was able to methylate DNA in the crude extract.
Actinomycin D: Uptake by Sea Urchin Eggs and Embryos
Authors: Thaler M. Michael , Cox Malcolm C. L. , Villee Claude A.
Published: October 2006

Actinomycin D is excluded from unfertilized eggs and developing embryos of the sea urchin
Arbacia punctulata
until the blastula hatches. The rate of uptake of actinomycin D by embryos doubles as development progresses after hatching to the gastrula stage.
Proteins Synthesized before and after Fertilization in Sea Urchin Eggs
Authors: MacKintosh F. Roy , Bell Eugene
Published: October 2006

Acrylamide-gel patterns of proteins made before and during the first 30 minutes after fertilization were the same. The patterns of gels containing proteins from eggs whose rate of protein synthesis was stimulated reversibly by prior anaerobiosis or removal of carbon dioxide were also the same as that of the mature unfertilized egg. Changes were detected in the pattern of proteins synthesized in gastrulas as compared to proteins made in unfertilized eggs or zygotes.
Puparium Formation in Flies: Contraction to Puparium Induced by Ecdysone
Authors: Berreur P. , Fraenkel G.
Published: October 2006

Larvae of the fly
Calliphora erythrocephala
(Meigen) were deprived surgically of their ring glands at an age prior to the appearance of ecdysone in the blood, and then injected with ecdysone. They contracted into the typical barrel-shaped puparium, before the onset of tanning. This proved that ecdysone controls the puparial contraction as well as tanning.
Far-Infrared Observations of the Night Sky
Authors: Houck J. R. , Harwit Martin
Published: October 2006

We have flown a telescope cooled to liquid-helium temperatures and made far-infrared observations of the night sky. A gallium-doped germanium detector, sensitive from 5.2 to 130 micrometers, detected a minimum signal of 10
-9
watt per square centimeter per steradian referred to 100 micrometers. The origin of this signal can be instrumental, atmospheric, interplanetary, or interstellar. We can place a firm upper limit on the color temperature of a dilute cosmic background flux.
Structural Determinant of a Ribosomal Protein: K Locus
Authors: Birge E. A. , Craven G. R. , Hardy S. J. S. , Kurland C. G. , Voynow P.
Published: October 2006

One of the ribosomal proteins (30
S
-8B) of
Escherichia coli
B has a greater electrophoretic mobility than the homologous protein (30
S
-8K) in
E. coli
K. The amino acid compositions, tryptic peptides, and cyanogen bromide peptides of these two homologous proteins unambiguously indicate that the genetic locus which determines the electrophoretic mobility of protein 30
S
-8 is the structural gene for this protein.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
from the Blue Crab
Callinectes sapidus
in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Krantz G. E. , Colwell R. R. , Lovelace E.
Published: October 2006

Strains of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, the etiologic agent of "Shirasu" food poisoning in Japan, were isolated from moribund blue crabs
Callinectes sapidus
and identified by biochemical and serological techniques.
Escherichia coli
: Strains That Excrete an Inhibitor of Colicin B
Authors: Guterman Sonia K. , Luria S. E.
Published: October 2006

Mutants exb of
Escherichia coli
are insensitive to colicin B and excrete into their culture media a material that inhibits colicin activity and that appears to be the bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
Thermal Lability of Beta Galactosidase from Pink Salmon Liver
Authors: Gatt Shimon
Published: October 2006

The effect of heat on the stability of a protein isolated from a cold-water fish was tested by following the decrease in enzymatic activity of beta galactosidase, purified from livers of Pacific pink salmon. The thermal stability is
p
H-dependent; it is highest at
p
H 4 and lowest at neutral
p
H, where only 30 percent of the activity remains after 10 minutes at 40°C. Comparative experiments demonstrate greater thermal stability of beta galactosidase from rat liver.
Protein Content of Seed: Increase Improves Growth and Yield
Authors: Schweizer C. J. , Ries S. K.
Published: October 2006

Oat seeds with a higher protein content as a result of chemical applications in 1967 yielded 21 to 42 percent more grain in 1968. Wheat seed, whether from Michigan, Illinois, or Mexico, that contained more protein as a result of field applications of chemicals or nitrogen developed into larger seedlings. The content of protein in the seed correlated with subsequent growth and yield, indicating that the amount of endogenous protein or of a proteinaceous moiety, which can be controlled, may be an important factor in subsequent yield of major agronomic crops.
Diffusible Cytotoxic Substances and Cell-Mediated Resistance to Syngeneic Tumors: In vitro Demonstration
Authors: Kikuchi Kokichi , Reiner Julius , Southam Chester M.
Published: October 2006

The interaction between target cells (mouse sarcoma cells) and syngeneic immunocytes (peritoneal cells) in close proximity but without direct contact was studied. The two cell types were separated by Millipore membranes, which allow diffusion of substances of large molecular size, in an assembly which permits cultivation of target cells on one side of the membrane and immunocytes on the other side. When brought into proximity in this manner for 48 to 72 hours, immunocytes from donors which had been immunized against syngeneic tumors caused destruction of the target cells. Since serum from immunized donors had no effect, it appears that the immunocytes produced a diffusible cytotoxic substance (or substances) which may be different from typical antibody.
Ion Exchange in
Escherichia coli
: Potassium-Binding Proteins
Authors: Damadian Raymond
Published: October 2006

The potassium binding that occurs during passive accumulation by intact
Escherichia coli
has been demonstrated in a cell-free system. The data suggest that this binding is due largely to binding by the cell proteins in general and cannot be accounted for by the binding of a particular protein. The results are in accord with the view that the ion-exchange properties of protoplasmic polyelectrolyte determine the overall ionic composition of the cell.
Ribosomal Protein Conferring Sensitivity to the Antibiotic Spectinomycin in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Bollen A. , Davies J. , Ozaki M. , Mizushima S.
Published: October 2006

Reconstitution of 30
S
ribosomal particles from 16
S
ribosomal RNA and total proteins, or from core proteins and split proteins obtained from the ribosomes of strains of
Escherichia coli
sensitive to and resistant to spectinomycin, shows that the split protein fraction determines the response of polypeptide synthesis in virto to spectinomycin. Reconstitution of active particles in the presence of isolated split proteins allowed the identification of the single split protein responsible for spectinomycin sensitivity.
Phosphide from Meteorites: Barringerite, a New Iron-Nickel Mineral
Authors: Buseck Peter R.
Published: October 2006

Schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)
3
P, and a higher phosphide, barringerite, occur in the Ollague pallasite. The composition of the higher phosphide, determined by electron probe microanalysis, is (Fe
0.58
Ni
0.42
Co
0.003
)
1.95
P. It is hexagonal, with space group
P
6̅2
m
and
a
= 5.87 ± 0.07 angstroms and c = 3.44 ± 0.04 angstroms. If we assume a primary origin, the new mineral indicates that troilite and schreibersite crystallized at high temperatures. The occurrence of a higher phosphide in a pallasite indicates local nonequilibria within a group of meteorites that are remarkable for their overall degree of equilibrium crystallization.
Fluoride in Seawater: Measurement with Lanthanum Fluoride Electrode
Authors: Warner Theodore B.
Published: October 2006

Fluoride ion concentrations are quickly and easily determined in seawater by means of a fluoride-selective electrode. Samples require little pretreatment; a determination takes 15 minutes; error limits are 5 percent; equipment required is rugged, inexpensive, and motion-insensitive; and minimum demands are made on the operator.
Luminescent Systems in Apogonid Fishes from the Philippines
Authors: Haneda Yata , Tsuji Frederick I. , Sugiyama Noboru
Published: October 2006

Luminescence has been discovered in five apogonid fishes from the Philippine Islands. The luminescent organ systems, which are of two types, are morphologically different from the systems in the Japanese cardinal fish,
Apogon ellioti
, and in the apogonid genus
Siphamia
. Extracts of the organs all show a luciferin-luciferase type of reaction and cross-react with extracts of
Apogon ellioti
,
Parapriacanthus ransonneti
, and
Cypridina hilgendorfii
.
Schizophyllum commune
: Gene Controlling Induced Haploid Fruiting
Authors: Leonard Thomas J. , Raper John R.
Published: October 2006

A single gene,
fis
+
, is essential for induced haploid fruiting in
Schizophyllum commune
. It appears to segregate independently of the incompatibility factors.
Human Leukocyte Antigenic Specificity HL-A3: Frequency of Occurrence
Authors: Amos Bernard , Yunis Edmond
Published: October 2006

Reactivity of antiserum against HL-A3, a human leukocyte and tissue antigenic specificity, depends upon a property of the lymphocyte as well as on the potency of the serum. Many reactions of HL-A3 antiserums can only be recognized through absorption or by a two-stage test not in general use. Interpretations of donor-recipient compatibility and of the constitution of HL-A alleles are affected by these findings.
Female Specific Protein: Biosynthesis Controlled by Corpus Allatum in
Leucophaea maderae
Authors: Engelmann Franz
Published: October 2006

A specific protein is present in serums of all females of
Leucophaea maderae
that mature eggs but not in serums of males, nymphs of either sex, or females that are reproductively inactive. Ablations, microsurgery, and reimplantations showed that this protein is produced
de novo
under the influence of the corpus allatum hormone. This protein, essential for egg maturation, is synthesized in isolated abdomens of allatectomized females treated with 0.08 to 0.12 microgram of the
t
,
t
,
t
-isomer of the authentic juvenile hormone. The corpus allatum hormone also stimulates to a similar degree the synthesis of other proteins which appear to be essential for egg maturation as well; these are not specific to females.
2-
p
-Toluidinyl-6-Naphthalene Sulfonate: Relation of Structure to Fluorescence Properties in Different Media
Authors: Camerman Arthur , Jensen L. H.
Published: October 2006

Hydrated and anhydrous crystals of 2-
p
-toluidinyl-6-naphthalene sulfonate exhibit fluorescence spectra similar to those obtained for 2-
p
-toluidinyl-6-naphthalene sulfonate in water and in organic solvents, respectively. The molecular structure of anhydrous 2-
p
-toluidinyl-6-naphthalene sulfonate suggests extended electron resonance over the whole molecule and this is one of the causes of the spectral differences.
Visual Transient Phenomenon: Its Polarity and a Paradox
Authors: Bird J. F. , Mowbray G. H.
Published: October 2006

Luminance stimuli modulated at frequencies above flicker fusion create perceptible visual transient responses when the frequency is changed abruptly. The polarity of these transients, as directly perceived and objectively confirmed, is shown enough by itself to yield a powerful criterion for visual models. An apparent paradox when light flashes are superposed on the frequency discontinuity has further implications for models and suggests a possible nonconservation of polarity in the brightness perception process.
Temperature-Dependence of Resistance at an Electrotonic Synapse
Authors: Payton B. W. , Bennett M. V. L. , Pappas G. D.
Published: October 2006

The junctional resistance at septa of the crayfish lateral giant axon is inversely related to temperature with a
Q
10
of about 3 over the range from 5° to 20°C. Nonjunctional axonal membrane is much less affected. Resistance changes occur rapidly with temperature changes. No correlates in ultrastructure of the synapses have been found.
Glutathione Reductase: Stimulation in Normal Subjects by Riboflavin Supplementation
Authors: Beutler Ernest
Published: October 2006

Glutathione reductase of hemolyzates from clinically normal subjects is activated by the addition of flavin-adenine dinucleotide. One-half maximum stimulation could be achieved by approximately 0.02 micromolar flavin-adenine dinucleotide; prior addition of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, or adenosine monophosphate prevented activation. Stimulation of glutathione reductase activity of red cells of normal subjects occurred when they were given 5 milligrams of riboflavin daily for 8 days. The degree of stimulation in vitro by flavin-adenine dinucleotide and in vivo by riboflavin was inversely proportional to dietary intake of riboflavin. The variety of clinical disorders which have been associated with glutathione reductase deficiency may have, as a common denominator, abnormalities in flavin-adenine dinucleotide formation.
Lunar Maria: Structure and Evolution
Authors: Van Dorn W. G.
Published: October 2006

The lunar maria are considered to have evolved as homologous, transient, gravity-wave systems from large impact craters on a crustal layer 50 kilometers thick, fluidized from beneath by prompt, shock-induced melting inside an initially hot moon.
Electron Spin Resonance Signals in Injured Nerve
Authors: Commoner Barry , Woolum John C. , Larsson Ernst
Published: October 2006

Under certain conditions nerves (such as the frog sciatic) exhibit electron spin resonance signals with several unusual properties: (i) variable
g
value and linewidth, (ii) anisotropic
g
tensor, and (iii)
g
value dependence on temperature. Such a signal must be due to a small ferromagnetic crystal formed when the nerve is subjected to pressure, such as that due to mechanical injury.
Glacial Age Marsh, Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C
Authors: Knox Arthur S.
Published: October 2006

Organic sediments beneath historic Lafayette Park mark the site of a freshwater marsh which bordered the Potomac River when it was 15 meters above its present level. Plant microfossils and ice-rafted boulders indicate a climate much colder than now. The carbon-14 age of more than 45,000 years and palynological studies suggest an early Wisconsin age.
Oral Contraceptives: Long-Term Use Produces Fine Structural Changes in Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Perez Victor , Gorosdisch S. , de Martire J. , Nicholson R. , di Paola G.
Published: October 2006

Liver biopsies from two groups of women receiving oral contraceptives from 1 to 6 months and from 12 to 30 months, respectively, were examined by electron microscopy. The fine structure of the liver cells from the first group appeared normal, except for an increase in the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the second group, however, there were many cases with striking changes—altered shape, increase in size, and presence of paracrystalline inclusions—in the mitochondria. No significant correlation between mitochondrial changes and alterations in liver function was detected.
Seismicity of Colorado: Consistency of Recent Earthquakes with Those of Historical Record
Authors: Simon Ruth B.
Published: October 2006

Earthquakes instrumentally recorded from 1966 to 1968 have occurred in the same regions of western Colorado, the Arkansas and Platte river valleys, as those felt back to 1870 (from newspaper reports), despite the increasing cultural effects of mining, highway construction, reservoir building, and loading. Thus it appears unnecessary to explain the Denver earthquakes in terms of pressure induced by the introduction of waste fluid. However, the assumption of preexistent tectonic strains in the area of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal seems to be confirmed.
Micelle Formation between 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Adenosine Triphosphate in Platelet Storage Organelles
Authors: Berneis K. H. , Da Prada M. , Pletscher A.
Published: October 2006

As judged by analytical ultracentrifugation, 5-hydroxytryptamine and adenosine-5′-triphosphate form micelles in artificial mixtures and also in storage organelles containing 5-hydroxytryptamine of blood platelets of rabbits. Their average apparent molecular weights depend on the concentration and on the molar ratio of the two constituents. The 5-hydroxytryptamine and adenosine triphosphate of these 5-hydroxytryptamine organelles may be stored in vivo together as micelles with apparent molecular weights of several hundred thousands or more.
Lymphocyte Stimulation: Transfer of Cellular Hypersensitivity to Antigen in vitro
Authors: Valentine Fred T. , Lawrence H. Sherwood
Published: October 2006

Tuberculin-sensitive human lymphocytes cultured for 36 hours with tuberculin elaborate a soluble material which causes nonsensitive lymphocytes to respond to tuberculin in vitro by transformation and proliferation.
Carbon-14 in Patagonian Tree Rings
Authors: Lerman J. C. , Mook W. G. , Vogel J. C. , de Waard H.
Published: October 2006

The radiocarbon activity found in tree rings from southern Argentina shows secular fluctuations which are synchronous with and of the same amplitude as those known for the Northern Hemisphere. Comparable measurements indicate that the activity in Patagonian trees is about five per mil lower than in European trees.
Studying Neural Organization in
Aplysia
with the Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Lewis Edwin R. , Everhart Thomas E. , Zeevi Yehoshua Y.
Published: October 2006

Preliminary attempts have been made to employ the scanning electron microscope in the mapping of a simple nervous system, the abdominal ganglion of
Aplysia californica
. Early results are encouraging: neuronal fibers have been identified and traced over relatively long distances from their cell bodies to structures tentatively identified as synapses and to structures tentatively identified as electrotonic connections.
Apollo 11 Observations of a Remarkable Glazing Phenomenon on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Gold T.
Published: October 2006

Some glazing is apparently due to radiation heating; it suggests a giant solar outburst in geologically recent times.
Sunglint Patterns: Unusual Dark Patches
Authors: Bowley Clinton J. , Greaves James R. , Spiegel Stanley L.
Published: October 2006

Anomalous dark areas in sunglint patterns are occasionally seen in photographs taken by the Applications Technology Satellite. These dark areas appear to be caused by relatively calm surface conditions against a background of higher sea states. Evidence of cold water temperatures suggest the presence of upwelling. These sightings may thus be of importance to the fishing industry.
Virus of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Era: New Evidence about Its Antigenic Character
Authors: Brown Paul , Gajdusek D. Carleton , Morris J. Anthony
Published: October 2006

In serums of unusually isolated Pacific islanders whose only exposure to influenza occurred during the era of the 1918 pandemic the residual neutralizing antibody was greatest to the PR/8 and BH strains of human type A influenza virus, significantly lower to swine influenza virus, and absent to equine or later human type A virus strains. The pandemic virus was thus antigenically closer to human type A strains isolated during the middle 1930's than to other known influenza virus types.
Adenosine Triphosphatase Sensitive to DDT in Synapses of Rat Brain
Authors: Matsumura Fumio , Patil K. C.
Published: October 2006

The insecticide DDT selectively inhibits the action of a Na
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
-adenosine triphosphatase found in the nerve ending fraction of the rat brain. As judged by the concentrations of inhibitors that give 50 percent of enzyme inhibition, DDT was approximately 1000 times more toxic than its non-insecticidal analog, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-
bis
(
p
-chlorophenyl)ethylene. The degrees of inhibition of this enzyme system by various toxic and nontoxic DDT analogs were closely related to a general toxicity in vivo of these compounds. Moreover, the extents of inhibition of this enzyme system by DDT were much higher at low temperatures, an indication of a causal relation between poisoning in vivo by DDT and the inhibition in vitro of the Na
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
-adenosine triphosphatase system.
Massive Internal Fracture of an Amorphous Polyester
Authors: Yannas Ioannis V.
Published: October 2006

When amorphous polyethylene terephthalate is subjected to a tensile load of 2 to 4 × 10
8
dynes per square centimeter within the approximate temperature range 40° to 70°C, an unusual optical effect occurs. The transparent polymer film is suddenly transformed into a brilliantly reflecting strip with the luster of silver. Extensive formation of voids accounts for the unorthodox behavior.
Behavioral Regulation of Hypothalamic Temperature
Authors: Corbit John D.
Published: October 2006

Animals will work to produce changes in hypothalamic temperature. The two main inputs, skin and hypothalamic temperatures, combine to control this behavior. Specifically, the rate at which rats work for changes in hypothalamic temperature is proportional to the sum of the weighted displacements of skin and hypothalamic temperatures from their respective neutral values.
Radionuclide Concentrations in Surface Air: Direct Relationship to Global Fallout
Authors: Kleinman Michael T. , Volchok Herbert L.
Published: October 2006

By relating the average monthly hemispheric concentrations of radionuclides in the surface air to the monthly hemispheric fallout of these nuclides, we have derived proportionality constants. For every disintegration per minute of a radioactive nuclide per 1000 cubic meters of the surface air in the Northern Hemisphere, 3.3 kilocuries of that nuclide will be deposited on the surface; in the Southern Hemisphere, 5.0 kilocuries will deposit for every disintegration per minute per 1000 cubic meters. On the basis of these factors, the global deposition of radionuclides can be estimated from a relatively small number of measurements of the radioactivity in the surface air.
Biosatellite III: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Adey W. R. , Cockett A. T. K. , Mack P. B. , Meehan J. P. , Pace N.
Published: October 2006

Physiological deterioration in the male macaque monkey flown in Biosatellite III necessitated its recall after 8.5 days of a planned 30-day flight. For the first 7 days the only telemetered signs of a progressive general decline were falling brain temperature and lowered central venous pressure, which occurred in the last 3 days of flight. Fluid loss in flight was high, caused initially by sweating and later by diuresis, and appeared to arise in redistribution of blood in visceral pools as a consequence of weightlessness. Death occurred suddenly 12 hours after the flight and was caused by ventricular fibrillation.
Infrared Absorptions near Three Microns Recorded over the Polar Cap of Mars
Authors: Herr Kenneth C. , Pimentel George C.
Published: October 2006

During the Mariner 7 flyby of Mars, the infrared spectrometer recorded distinct, sharp absorptions near 3020 and 3300 reciprocal centimeters between 61°S and 80°S. at the edge of the southern polar cap, with maximum optical density near 68°S and 341°E. These bands, which match in frequency the ν
3
bands of methane and ammonia, can be associated with previously unreported spectral features of solid carbon dioxide exceeding 1 millimeter in thickness. Possible reasons for the geographic localization are discussed.
Central Nervous System: Recovery of Function
Authors: Stein Donald G. , Rosen Jeffrey J. , Graziadet Joseph , Mishkin David , Brink John J.
Published: October 2006

Rats with one- or two-stage lesions in the hippocampus, amygdala, or frontal cortex were tested on a variety of tasks. Even though locus and amount of tissue damage were very similar in the two groups, animals with one-stage lesions were impaired as judged by performance on all problems, while animals with two-stage lesions were not.
Freshwater Ferromanganese Concretions: Chemistry and Internal Structure
Authors: Harriss Robert C. , Troup Arthur G.
Published: October 2006

Studies by optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electron probe techniques of ferromanganese concretions from three Canadian lakes reveal chemical banding of amorphous hydrated iron and manganese oxides. The average ratio of iron to manganese in concretions from these lakes varies from 0.43 to 2.56. The concentrations of cobalt, nickel, copper, and lead are one to two orders of magnitude below those reported for oceanic ferromanganese concretions.
Inhibition of Hydroid Aging in
Campanularia flexuosa
Authors: Toth Steven E.
Published: October 2006

Hydranths of the colonial marine hydroid
Campanularia flexuosa
(phylum Cnidaria, class Hydrozoa, order Calyptoblastea) have a mean life span of approximately 7 days in intact colonies in culture. Hydranths then regress and are absorbed, and their cellular materials are utilized by the colony for continued growth. Hydranth life spans can be extended to 20 days in isolated hydranths if, repeatedly, the pedicel is damaged by pinching and is allowed to partially regenerate. This suggests that tissue damage and reorganization function to maintain the hydranth
Zircon Ages of Felsic Volcanic Rocks in the Upper Precambrian of the Blue Ridge, Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Rankin D. W. , Stern T. W. , Reed J. C. , Newell M. F.
Published: October 2006

Five zircon samples from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina yield discordant uranium-lead ages which suggest an original age of 820 million years and an episodic lead loss at 240 million years. The indicated age of lead loss is interpreted as the age of movement of the Blue Ridge thrust sheet.
Chloroplast Replication and Growth in Tobacco
Authors: Boasson Rosalinda , Laetsch W. M.
Published: October 2006

Tobacco etioplasts replicate at least twice during light-induced development. Their size is doubled over the same period. The two processes do not show the same kinetics. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine inhibits chlorophyll synthesis during the normal course of "greening" by inhibiting chloroplast growth. This compound also inhibits cytokinin-induced chloroplast replication.
Photochemical Reactions and the Chemical Evolution of Purines and Nicotinamide Derivatives
Authors: Ferris J. P. , Kuder J. E. , Catalano A. W.
Published: October 2006

The photochemical rearrangement of a tetramer of hydrogen cyanide to 4-aminoimidazole-5-carbonitrile, a critical step in the proposed prebiotic synthesis of purines, proceeds in high yield in the absence of oxygen without photodestruction of the reaction product. The mechanism of the rearrangement involves the conversion of the excited singlet of the hydrogen cyanide tetramer to 2-imino-3-cyano-4-aminoazetine, which then rearranges to the imidazole product. The photolysis of the vinylogous enaminonitrile 1,3-dicyano-4-amino-1,3-butadiene yields 6-aminonicotinonitrile. The latter reaction affords an efficient route to a nicotinamide derivative from cyanoacetylene.
Martian Topography: Large-Scale Variations
Authors: Wells R. A.
Published: October 2006

The variation in carbon dioxide abundances detected in the 1.05-micron band over small, discrete areas on Mars indicates that larger-scale topographical differences are present than had previously been believed. Spectroscopic mapping of the surface also indicates no apparent correlation between albedo and height; the results are in good agreement with topographical data derived from the range-gated radar scan along +21°N. High and low areas are found in both the major equatorial maria and the bright deserts in the northern hemisphere.
Neuron Function Inferred from Behavioral and Electrophysiological Estimates of Refractory Period
Authors: Gallistel C. R. , Rolls Edmund , Greene David
Published: October 2006

The refractory period of neurons mediating an electrically elicited behavior (self-stimulation) was estimated by varying the intrapair pulse separation in a stimulating train made up of pulse pairs and measuring the intensity of the elicited behavior. Two neuronal systems with different refractory periods were indicated. Single-unit recording in acute preparations stimulated through self-stimulation electrodes revealed primarily two classes of units. Each class gave refractory period estimates characteristic of one of the behaviorally indicated systems. The experiments illustrate a technique for establishing functional relations between single units in the brain and gross behavior.
Lherzolite, Anorthosite, Gabbro, and Basalt Dredged from the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge
Authors: Engel Celeste G. , Fisher Robert L.
Published: October 2006

The Central Indian Ridge is mantled with flows of low-potassium basalt of uniform composition. Gabbro, anorthosite, and garnet-bearing lherzolite are exposed in cross fractures, and lherzolite is the bedrock at the center of the ridge. The lherzolites are upper-mantle rock exposed by faulting.
Polymorphism in an Inbreeding Population under Models Involving Underdominance
Authors: Jain S. K. , Jain K. B. L.
Published: October 2006

Models of selection favoring homozygotes over the heterozygotes and involving frequency-dependency in their competitive abilities were simulated in order to determine the conditions for maintaining stable polymorphism at a diallelic locus in large inbreeding populations. With heavier inbreeding, frequency-dependency could increasingly override the effects of underdominance in both pure stand and the competing ability components of fitness in terms of yielding stable nontrivial equilibriums. The significance of such selection models is discussed for the retention of variability in inbreeding populations with a minimum of segregational load and higher overall stability in contrast to the overdominance models.
Pesticide Interaction Creates Hybrid Residue
Authors: Bartha Richard
Published: October 2006

When applied in combination, the herbicides
N
-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-propionamide (propanil) and
N
-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-2-methylpentanamide (solan) were transformed in soil to an unexpected residue—asymmetric 3,3′,4-trichloro-4′-methylazobenzene. Each herbicide contributed one-half of the asymmetric azobenzene molecule.
Tuhualite Crystal Structure
Authors: Merlino Stefano
Published: October 2006

As judged by crystal structure analysis, the crystallochemical formula of tuhualite is (Na,K)
2
VI
(Fe
+3
)
2
VI
(Fe
+2
)
2
IV
Si
12
O
30
⋅ H
2
O, with four such formulas in the unit cell. The structure is characterized by six-repeat double chains of silicon tetrahedrons and chains of edge-sharing, alternating iron tetrahedrons and octahedrons. Chains of each kind are connected by corner sharing to four chains of the other type. The iron cations appear to be anomalously ordered with Fe
+2
in tetrahedral and Fe
+3
in octahedral sites.
Hemoglobins A and A
2
in New World Primates: Comparative Variation and Its Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Boyer Samuel H. , Crosby Emilio F. , Thurmon Theodore F. , Noyes Andrea N. , Fuller Gail F. , Leslie Sanford E. , Shepard Marguerite K. , Herndon C. Nash
Published: October 2006

Hemoglobin A
2
(α
2
δ
2
) in New World primates represents about 1/160 to 1/16 of total hemoglobin and, by virtue of this low proportion, is presumed to be functionally unimportant. Nonetheless, A
2
exhibits genetic polymorphism by electrophoresis in three out of five genera, whereas the major component, hemoglobin A (α
2
β
2
), is electrophoretically invariant. Moreover, in four genera, including man, the evolutionary accumulation of mutations has been greater in δ than in β. Such findings suggest that both polymorphism and evolutionary changes can accrue to an effectively functionless and thus selectively nearly neutral gene.
Visual Pigment Density in Single Primate Foveal Cones
Authors: Dobelle W. H. , Marks W. B. , MacNichol E. F.
Published: October 2006

The feasibility is demonstrated of microspectrophotometric studies on primate photoreceptors aligned at right angles to the test beam, rather than axially illuminated. Pigment densities, and hence absorption per unit thickness, are approximately equal in primate rods and foveal cones. These pigment densities are similar to those reported for frog rods and fish cones.
Temporal Coordination of DNA Replication with Enzyme Synthesis in Diploid and Heteroploid Cells
Authors: Klevecz Robert R.
Published: October 2006

The rate of DNA synthesis in the S phase of growth of synchronized diploid Chinese hamster cells shows two maximums, while in heteroploid hamster cells the DNA replication rate is constant. In diploid cells a reciprocal relationship exists between maximum DNA synthetic rates and maximum lactate dyhydrogenase and thymidine kinase enzyme levels. Enzyme activity in heteroploid cells increases continuously through the cell cycle with no evidence of oscillations. It seems possible that these differences in molecular organization may accompany or precede the transition to heteroploidy.
Eye Movement—Retina Delayed Feedback
Authors: Smith Karl U. , Putz Vernon , Molitor Killian
Published: October 2006

Time delays between ocular movement and retinal input have been studied by yoking a visual target to eye movement by experimental programming methods and a laboratory real-time computer system. The subject's task was to manipulate this eye movement-yoked target cursor to perform either compensatory or pursuit eye tracking. The computer thereafter was programmed to store input eye-movement signals and read them out after a delay interval to control the yoked visual target cursor controlled by the eye movements. Delay time constants of 0.1 second significantly affected tracking. Eye movement-retinal feedback delays appeared to have an even more marked effect on positive pursuit eye tracking.
Targeting of the Master Receptor MOM19 to Mitochondria
Authors: Schneider Helmut , Söllner Thomas , Dietmeier Klaus , Eckerskorn Christoph , Lottspeich Fritz , Trülzsch Barbara , Neupert Walter , Pfanner Nikolaus
Published: October 2006

The targeting of proteins to mitochondria involves the recognition of the precursor proteins by receptors on the mitochondrial surface followed by insertion of the precursors into the outer membrane at the general insertion site GIP. Most mitochondrial proteins analyzed so far use a mitochondrial outer membrane protein of 19 kilodaltons (MOM19) as an import receptor. The gene encoding MOM19 has now been isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts that MOM19 is anchored in the outer membrane by an NH
2
-terminal hydrophobic sequence, while the rest of the protein forms a hydrophilic domain exposed to the cytosol. MOM19 was targeted to the mitochondria via a pathway that is independent of protease-accessible surface receptors and controlled by direct assembly of the MOM19 precursor with GIP.
Pharmacological Dissociation of Modulatory Effects of Serotonin in
Aplysia
Sensory Neurons
Authors: Mercer Alison R. , Emptage Nigel J. , Carew Thomas J.
Published: October 2006

In the mollusk
Aplysia
the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT) has a fundamental modulatory role in several forms of learning and memory that involve an increase in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between tail sensory neurons (SNs) and motor neurons. The classical 5HT antagonist cyproheptadine (CYP) permits dissociation of three forms of serotonergic modulation in these SNs: (i) CYP reversibly blocks spike-broadening induced either by exogenous application of 5HT or by sensitizing stimulation of a tail nerve. (ii) CYP does not block 5HT-induced or tail input-induced increases in SN somatic excitability. (iii) Concomitant with its block of spike-broadening, CYP reversibly blocks 5HT-induced facilitation of synaptic transmission from SNs. These results suggest that endogenously released 5HT may act at different receptor subtypes that are coupled to different forms of neuromodulation in tail SNs of
Aplysia
.
Induced Adhesion in
Crassostrea virginica
Larvae
Authors: Ukeles Ravenna , Rose William E.
Published: October 2006

Normal motile veliger larvae of the oyster,
Crassostrea virginica
, were observed swimming in pairs or trios. Adhesion between animals is firm and has a specific orientation. This adhesion can be induced in low frequencies by culturing larvae at high densities, and in much higher frequencies by inclusion of an antibiotic mix in the seawater culture medium.
Polywater: Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum
Authors: Page Thomas F. , Jakobsen Robert J. , Lippincott Elis R.
Published: October 2006

In the presence of water, the resonance of the strongly hydrogen-bonded protons characteristic of polywater appears at 5 parts per million lower applied magnetic field than water. Polywater made by a new method confirms the infrared spectrum reported originally.
Photooxidation of DDT and DDE
Authors: Plimmer Jack R. , Klingebiel Ute I. , Hummer Burton E.
Published: October 2006

The pesticide DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(
p
-chlorophenyl)ethane] and its metabolite DDE [ 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(
p
-chlorophenyl)ethylene] can be photooxidized in methanol. Photolytic generation of free radicals that may abstract hydrogen from solvent, react with oxygen, or abstract hydrogen from unreacted substrate occurs. Further decomposition of short-lived intermediates yields many compounds. Oxidation products include benzoic acids, aromatic ketones, and chlorinated phenols. The DDE also undergoes photocyclization to give dichlorofluorene derivatives.
Duplicate Plating of Immune Cell Products: Analysis of Globulin Class Secretion by Single Cells
Authors: Merchant Bruce , Brahmi Zacharie
Published: October 2006

Antibodies secreted by individual immune cells were collected focally in very thin "original" and "imprint" layers of agar containing the target antigen, sheep erythrocytes. Identical treatment of both layers led to mirror image patterns of hemolytic plaques. Development of one layer for immunoglobulin M hemolysins and the other for immunoglobulin G hemolysins produced unrelated plaque patterns indicating that few, if any, cells simultaneously release substantial amounts of both γM and γG antibodies.
Glyceryl Ether Metabolism: Regulation of Buoyancy in Dogfish
Squalus acanthias
Authors: Malins Donald C. , Barone Anthony
Published: October 2006

The ratios of concentrations of diacyl glyceryl ethers to triglycerides are increased significantly in the livers of weighted dogfish (
Squalus acanthias
) in comparison to an unweighted control group. The hydrostatic properties of the liver may be regulated through the metabolism of these two classes of lipids which have different specific gravities.
Immunoglobulin Production: Method for Quantitatively Detecting Variant Myeloma Cells
Authors: Coffino Philip , Laskov Reuven , Scharff Matthew D.
Published: October 2006

Mouse myeloma cells in continuous culture were cloned in soft agar. The clones were assayed for their ability to synthesize heavy and light chains of gamma globulin by immunoprecipitation directly in the agar. A minor population secreting only light chains was identified. The two cell types were recloned and a low incidence of conversion of 7
S
to light-chain production was demonstrated. This technique can be used to isolate rare variants of cells secreting specific macromolecules.
Antigen Competition: Antigens Compete for a Cell Occurring with Limited Frequency
Authors: Albright J. F. , Omer Thomas F. , Deitchman Julia W.
Published: October 2006

Experimentally altered ability of transferred spleen cells to generate hemolytic plaque-forming cells provided evidence that antigens compete for a type of multipotential cell that contributes to the formation of immunologically competent units. De'ay of exposure of transferred spleen cells to antigen provided results which suggest that different types of cells interact to form competent, antigen-reactive units even in the absence of antigen.
Atropinesterase and Cocainesterase of Rabbit Serum: Localization of the Enzyme Activity in Isozymes
Authors: Stormont Clyde , Suzuki Yoshiko
Published: October 2006

Zymograms reveal a multiplicity of esterase isozymes in rabbit serum. Most of the staining activity is concentrated in a region of the gels just anodal to the albumins where six phenotypes (A, AF, F, M, P, and S) are distinguished. The atropinesterase activity is associated with phenotypes A and AF and appears to be restricted to a single isozyme, zone A. Cocainesterase activity is limited to isozyme S, a zone common to all phenotypes except M.
Influenza Virus Effects on Cell Membrane Proteins
Authors: Holland John J. , Kiehn E. D.
Published: October 2006

During infection by influenza virus, viral proteins become firmly attached to (or part of) host cell plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, mitochondrial, and microsomal membranes. Purified virus particles contain less than 1 percent host cell protein. Virus envelope proteins completely replace host membrane proteins in those discrete spots on the plasma membrane from which progeny virions bud out.
Total Carbon and Nitrogen Abundances in Lunar Samples
Authors: Moore Carleton B. , Lewis Charles F. , Gibson Everett K. , Nichiporuk Walter
Published: October 2006

Total carbon and nitrogen abundances were determined by using combustion-gas chromatographic techniques. Weighted mean analyses for bulk fines were 225 and 140 ppm total carbon and 150 and 100 ppm total nitrogen. Total carbon in fine breccia was 230 ppm; in coarse breccia, 100 ppm; in fine-grained rock, 70 ppm; and in medium-grained rock, 64 ppm. The finest sieved fraction had the highest carbon content. Total nitrogen in fine breccia was 125 ppm; in coarse breccia, 100 ppm; in fine-grained rock, 115 ppm; and in medium-grained rock, 30 ppm. The total carbon and nitrogen fines appear to be mixtures of indigenous lunar material together with meteoritic and solar wind components.
Electron-Microprobe Analyses of Phases in Lunar Samples
Authors: Ware N. G. , Lovering J. F.
Published: October 2006

In fine (type A) and coarse-grained (type B) Apollo 11 lunar volcanic rocks clinopyroxenes are extremely inhomogeneous. Ferrosilite-rich areas in type B rocks have decomposed to submicron vermicular intergrowths of clinopyroxene-fayalite-cristobalite(?). Plagioclase has normal zoning with K
2
O up to 0.5 percent in rims. Ilmenites are relatively homogeneous with low MgO (0.1 to 2 percent) and high ZrO
2
(up to 0.26 percent). Metal phase in troilite has <0.02 percent nickel. The breccias (type C) and fines (type D) contain similar phases and aggregates of types A and B together with glassy spherules containing 0.09 to 10.52 percent TiO
2
. Rare metal fragments with meteorite-like compositions occur in breccias and fines. Gross similarities between eucrites and Apollo 11 volcanic rocks indicate similar evolutionary environments, but detailed mineralogical differences suggest either separate origins or, if eucrites are lunar, chemical inhomogeneities on the lunar surface.
Emission Spectrographic Determination of Trace Elements in Lunar Samples
Authors: Annell Charles , Helz Armin
Published: October 2006

Eighteen minor or trace elements were detected and determined by emission spectroscopy. Direct d-c arc excitation of powdered samples was used with three variations in the procedure. Thirteen lunar samples consisting of four fine-grained igneous rocks, one medium-grained igneous rock, seven breccias, and one sample of fines were analyzed. The zinc and nickel concentrations in the breccias were approximately one order of magnitude greater than the concentrations of these elements in igneous rocks.