bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation the need to teach the characteristics of the development of parliamentarism in Latin America as part of education
Authors: Norden Larisa Lvovna
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the history and features of parliamentarism development in the Latin America countries. In addition, the need for training on the subject and the effect of increasing students and educators’ awareness in this field is examined. This process was lengthy, replete with the examples of various social groups, political trends and parties struggle intensity increase. Since the beginning of the 19th century, there have been almost no favorable conditions for the practical implementation of democratic government in the countries of Latin America, and the institutionalization of the party system has not taken place yet. However, there have been exceptions to the general rule in the history of Latin America. Chile and Argentina were such an example. The success of democratic transformations in the countries of the region depended on various reasons: a) whether the country had a democratic experience in its past; b) the conditions for the political and economic development of this country to develop representative institutions in the future; c) the importance of the parties in the political course development and the adoption of state decisions. The results of democracy and parliamentarism development in the states of Latin America are rather complicated by the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. On the one hand, the last decades of the XX-th century and the beginning of this century was marked by the democratization of political life, reforms, and the replacement of military regimes with civilian governments. Since the beginning of the 60-ies, they started the process of democratization and formation of independent island states in the Caribbean and Central America. Despite the successful development of the economy, culture, education, the presence of a large middle class in Argentina, the military governments overcame civilian ones in the 30-70-ies. Therefore, it is needed to consider this aspect as a part of education system to improve the educators’ level.
Avaliação físico-química e atividades biológicas do extrato de uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis Camb.)
Authors: Pereira de Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos
Published: June 2021

A família Myrtaceae apresenta inúmeros gêneros frutíferos como Eugenia. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o extrato hidroetanólico do fruto maduro de Eugenia pyriformis sobre as características físico-químicas e atividades de fotoproteção e citotóxica sobre eritrócitos humanos. Os frutos maduros foram coletados e despolpados. O extrato foi produzido por maceração em solução hidroetanólica 70%. A caracterização físico-química foi realizada para análise sensorial qualitativa, rendimento de extrato, massa seca, teor de água, pH, sólidos totais, índice de refração, densidade relativa, conteúdo total de flavonoides e taninos, cromatografia em camada delgada, varredura entre 400 a 900 nm, atividade de fotoproteção varredura entre 220 a 400 nm e atividade hemolítica sobre eritrócitos humanos em diferentes concentrações de extrato. Os resultados apresentaram para o extrato, coloração amarela, homogêneo e aromático. Rendimento de 20,05%, massa seca 16,18%, teor água 83,82%, pH 2,64, sólidos totais 2,07%, índice de refração 1,4025 nD, densidade 1,013 g mL-1, flavonoides 72,87 mg RU 100 g-1, taninos 6,05 mg CA 100 g-1, vários Rfs sendo o conjunto elotrópico acetona/clorofórmio com maior número de compostos isolados, presença de açúcares naturais glicose e sacarose. Atividade de fotoproteção UVC e citotóxica sobre eritrócitos entre 35,04% a 2,14%. Os resultados apresentaram segurança sobre o uso do extrato hidroetanólico do fruto de E. pyriformis, podendo ser utilizado como solução fotoprotetora da linha natural. Novos estudos deverão ser realizados avaliando outras atividades biológicas pelo extrato do fruto de Eugenia pyriformis.
FLEXIBILIZAÇÃO E TRABALHO: IMPACTOS DA LEI 13.429/2017 SOBRE A TERCEIRIZAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Araújo Jailton Macena de , Alcântara Joyce Maria de Sousa Dantas de
Published: June 2021

A Lei nº. 6.019 de 1974 foi alterada através da Lei nº. 13.429, de 31/03/2017, com o intuito de ampliar o processo de terceirização trabalhista no Brasil. No Brasil, o processo de terceirização era regulado, inicialmente, pela Súmula 331 do TST. Não havia legislação específica sobre o tema e, entre outras determinações, este dispositivo possibilitava somente a terceirização de atividades acessórias (atividade-meio), sendo a terceirização de atividades principais (atividade-fim) considerada ilícita.  Entretanto, a Lei nº 13.429 de 2017 inseriu as regras sobre a terceirização na Lei nº 6.019/1974, que até então tratava apenas do trabalho temporário. A partir daí a terceirização passou a ser regulamentada por lei própria. Pretende-se, pois, com o trabalho responder ao seguinte questionamento: Há desrespeito aos direitos constitucionais básicos dos trabalhadores com a alteração da Lei 6.019/74, que autorizou a terceirização irrestrita de qualquer atividade? Na prática, a Lei 6.019/74 pretende não somente regulamentar a terceirização, mas também prevê a contratação de serviços terceirizados para qualquer atividade, deixando de limitar os serviços que atualmente não podem ser alvo de terceirização. Para examinar tal problema de pesquisa, em relação ao método de abordagem, será utilizado o método hipotético-dedutivo, visto que o intuito da lei é, além do que já era previsto, regulamentar da terceirização, o que pode, nos termos propostos violar princípios básicos dos direitos trabalhistas.
BREVES NOTAS METODOLÓGICAS SOBRE PESQUISA EMPÍRICA NO PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Catharina Alexandre de Castro
Published: June 2021

O processo civil é o principal instrumento para concretização e efetivação de direitos num Estado Democrático de Direito. Partindo desta premissa epistemológica, assegurar a plena instrumentalidade do processo é o principal escopo atividade judicial, tanto no âmbito da jurisdição constitucional como também na prática da jurisdição comum. Neste contexto, analisar a aplicabilidade e a eficácia das técnicas processuais na prática judiciária se constitui como primordial objeto de pesquisa no campo do direito processual. Entretanto, não há como se analisar a eficácia de um instituto processual exclusivamente por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Se faz necessário utilizar técnicas e métodos de pesquisa que permita ao pesquisador identificar, empiricamente, a dinâmica de um determinado instituto processual numa determinada prática judiciária. A partir deste pressuposto metodológico, objetiva-se traçar um breve panorama acerca das técnicas de pesquisa empírica das ciências sociais e destacar a importância da utilização destas mesmas técnicas nos estudos empíricos no campo do direito processual civil. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada no trabalho é bibliográfico, com ênfase no levantamento do estado da arte sobre a temática.
O JUIZADO ESPECIAL CRIMINAL E A EFICÁCIA DOS INSTITUTOS DESPENALIZADORES EM PROL DA CÉLERE PRESTAÇÃO JURISDICIONAL
Authors: De Oliveira Patrícia dos Santos , Rodrigues Deivison de Castro , Correia Italo Schelive
Published: June 2021

Os institutos despenalizadores surgiram com a Lei dos Juizados Especiais Criminais (Lei 9.099/95), visando garantir uma prestação jurisdicional mais veloz em conformidade com o direito penal garantista, propendendo evitar o cárcere, satisfazer os anseios do ofendido de maneira mais célere e desobstruir o judiciário com os crimes menos ofensivos, objetivando as conciliações e as transações penais, dando fim a persecução penal. A aplicação de cada instituto se dá mediante requisitos próprios, porém, ambos objetivam uma forma de prestação jurisdicional célere, e ainda que numa visão inicial não seja possível visualizar sua eficácia em atender os anseios da sociedade devido a extinção da punibilidade do autor do fato, observa-se que a aplicação dos institutos também são medidas capazes de ressocializar o infrator e atender os anseios do ofendido. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica através de uma análise literal, doutrinária e jurisprudencial. A pesquisa resultou em esclarecimentos acerca do procedimento de cada instituto, demonstrando que apesar de resultarem na extinção da punibilidade do autor do fato, sempre que possível busca atribuir responsabilidades ao infrator e a reparação do dano ao ofendido, atendendo de maneira satisfatória a prestação jurisdicional conforme a gravidade do delito.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Célere prestação jurisdiccional; Institutos despenalizadores; Juizado Especial Criminal.
A DEGRADAÇÃO DO CERRADO E A QUESTÃO HÍDRICA SUL-AMERICANA: POSSÍVEIS IMPLICAÇÕES JURÍDICAS PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Norton Siqueira Lyssandro , Radic Luiz Felipe
Published: June 2021

O Cerrado é um dos maiores biomas brasileiros e, além de ser de imensa relevância biológica, ele também desenvolve um papel importante no abastecimento hídrico da América do Sul. É o chamado “efeito guarda-chuva”. Infelizmente, contudo, o bioma foi historicamente subestimado, levando à devastação de grande parte da sua área de cobertura original. A sociedade brasileira não vem dando a devida atenção ao fato de que o Cerrado evoluiu durante milênios para facilitar a drenagem e a absorção da água da chuva e a sua supressão dificulta o processo, comprometendo as bacias hidrográficas que nascem do seu lençol freático, inclusive as transfronteiriças.

O presente artigo tem o intuito de discutir as implicações jurídicas para o Brasil da possível piora da questão hídrica sul-americana devida ao desmatamento do bioma Cerrado.A pesquisa jurídico-sociológica divide-se em seis partes, contextualizando sucintamente a legislação nacional, internacional e a proteção legal das zonas de recarga. O raciocínio predominantemente usado foi o dialético e, pela comparação de fontes secundárias, infere-se que a eventual redução de disponibilidade hídrica, em decorrência da devastação das zonas de recarga no Cerrado, poderá ser relacionada com a ineficiência do sistema de proteção adotado no Brasil. Como solução parcial para o problema, sugere-se, ao final, uma melhor efetivação das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes e das Reservas Legais, na região do bioma.
PROMOÇÃO DA TUTELA COLETIVA NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS: ANÁLISE DA ATUAÇÃO DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO E DEFENSORIA PUBLICA DO ESTADO
Authors: Dangelo Paula Guimarães , Lorentino Sérgio Pereira
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação do Ministério Público e Defensoria Pública do estado do Tocantins na promoção da tutela coletiva consumerista no ano de 2018. Foram utilizados dados do relatório Justiça em Números, do Sistema Nacional de Informações de Defesa do Consumidor e relatórios obtidos pelos próprios órgãos. Foi realizado um comparativo entre o número de ações individuais e coletivas ajuizadas naquele ano e os resultados foram inseridos em uma tabela, para enfim concluir que o número de ações individuais consumeristas cresce todos os anos, abarrotando o Judiciário de causas semelhantes que poderiam ser resolvidas de forma coletiva através da Ação Civil Pública. Este instrumento possibilita o desafogamento judicial e garante, de forma eficaz e ampla, o acesso à justiça.
Diversity of Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in Physiology and Disease
Authors: Finkel Zachary , ESTEBAN FATIMA , Rodriguez Brianna , FU TIANYUE , Ai Xin , Cai Li
Published: June 2021

Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) contribute to learning, memory, maintenance of homeostasis, energy metabolism and many other essential processes. They are highly heterogeneous populations that require input from a regionally distinct microenvironment including a mix of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, NG2+ glia, vasculature, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and others. The diversity of NSPCs is present in all three major parts of the CNS, i.e., the brain, spinal cord, and retina. Intrinsic and extrinsic signals, e.g., neurotrophic and growth factors, master transcription factors, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), collectively regulate activities and characteristics of NSPCs: quiescence/survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration. This review discusses the heterogeneous NSPC populations in the normal physiology and highlights their potentials and roles in injured/diseased states for regenerative medicine.
Koronavirüs Salgını ve Dindarlıkla İlgili Yapılmış Ampirik Çalışmaların Analizleri
Authors: KALGI Mehmet Emin
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmada, koronavirüs pandemi sürecinde salgın ve dinî hayat ile ilgili yapılmış ampirik çalışma analizleri amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamada üç soruya cevap aranmıştır. Bunlar: Koronavirüs salgını sürecinde insanların dinî faaliyet ve ritüellerinde ne tür değişiklikler yaşanmıştır? (1), salgın sürecinde dindarlığın psikolojik ve mental sağlık üzerindeki etkileri nelerdir? (2) ve insanlar, salgını dinî boyutta nasıl anlamlandırmaktadır? (3). Araştırmada yedi ampirik araştırma incelenmiştir. Ampirik araştırmalardan dördü nicel ve üçü nitel yöntemle elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada, Covid-19 salgının insanların dinî, düşünce, duygu ve davranışlarıyla doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak ilişkisi olan çalışmalar analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, koronavirüs salgını sürecinde salgının yarattığı psikolojik sorunlarla başa çıkmak için insanların dine yöneldiği ve dinî ritüeller yaptığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte insanlar büyük oranda salgına dinî bir anlam yüklemektedir.
Âmir b. Şerâhîl eş-Şa'bî'nin Hadis İlmindeki Yeri
Authors: ALTUNCU Tuğba
Published: June 2021

İslam dünyasının ikinci nesli olan tabiîn, sahabe neslini görerek onların hayatlarını ve ilmi birikimlerini yakından takip etmiş; elde ettikleri malzemeyi fıkhî mezheplerin temellerinin atıldığı, çeşitli dini ilimlerin müstakil bir hüviyet kazanıp teşekkül etmeye ve usulünün oluşmaya başladığı sonraki dönemlere aktarmak suretiyle önemli ve zor bir görev üstlenmişlerdir. Bugün elimizde bulunan en eski eserlere kaynaklık etmesi nedeniyle onlara atfedilen her türlü bilgi, düşünce ve uygulamanın dönemin özellikleri de göz önünde bulundurularak ele alınması ve dikkatlice incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada re’y karşıtlığı ile tanınan bir ilim insanı olan Âmir b. Şerâhîl eş-Şa’bî’nin hayatı ve hadis ilmindeki yeri ele alınacaktır.
Analysis of The Influence of Pentagon Fraud in Detecting Financial Statement Fraud Using Method F- Score
Authors: Yusniarti Vina , Mulyati Henny , Amrizal Amrizal
Published: June 2021

This study aims to examine the elements of fraud in the  fraud  pentagon theory in detecting financial statement fraud. Pentagon fraud is variables from the pressure element, opportunity, rationalization, capability, and elements of arrogance, namely political relationships which are hypothesized to affect financial statement fraud. The F-Score method is used to determine financial statement fraud. This research  sample was selected using the purposive sampling method from 47 manufacturing companies in the basic industry and chemicals industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2015 to 2019. Hypothesis testing uses multiple regression analysis models using SPSS 22 to test the effect of the target. finance, financial stability, external pressure, institutional share ownership, ineffective supervision,  influence on  the nature of the industry, quality of external auditors, replacement of auditors, change of directors and political relations to financial statement fraud. The results showed that the quality of external auditors and auditor turnover had a significant positive effect on financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, financial targets, financial stability, external pressure, institutional share ownership, ineffective supervision, the influence of the nature of the industry, the change of directors, and political relations have no effect on financial statement fraud.
Внутри- и межпопуляционная изменчивость цист и взрослых стадий артемии (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) в сибирских популяциях (морфометрия)
Authors: Литвиненко Л. И. , Куцанов К. В. , Разова Л. Ф. , Гадиадуллина А. Ш. , Герасимов А. Г. , Бражников Е. В.
Published: June 2021

Размеры цист артемии являются важным показателем ценности их как кормового ресурса и в некоторой степени позволяют идентифицировать популяции. В статье проанализированы показатели цист артемии партеногенетических популяций (диаметр, толщина хориона, наличие пятен на оболочке), отобранных в гипергалинных озёрах Западной Сибири в разные годы, и морфометрические показатели рачков, выращенных из цист при одинаковой солёности. Установлена значительная внутри- и межпопуляционная изменчивость рассмотренных показателей. Абсолютные значения диаметра цист находились в пределах 210–330 мкм, средние значения по пробам — 243,5–282,9 мкм, средние по популяциям — 257,8–279,6 мкм; абсолютные значения диаметра декапсулированных цист — в пределах 196–294 мкм, средние значения по пробам — 236,5–262,6 мкм, средние по популяциям — 239,9–253,2 мкм; абсолютные значения толщины хориона цист — 3,3–16,9 мкм, средние значения по популяциям — 6,6–12,4 мкм. В основных промысловых озёрах, на которые приходится около 70 % от всего вылова цист артемии в России, цисты имели близкие среднепопуляционные размеры (262–268 мкм). Дано заключение об отсутствии внутрипопуляционной закреплённости таких признаков, как диаметр цист и толщина хориона, то есть они не могут служить надёжными показателями, идентифицирующими сибирские популяции. Установлена статистически значимая связь (r = −0,5) между солёностью материнского водоёма и диаметром эмбрионов артемии. Пятнистость цист, не превышающая 5 % почти во всех их пробах, у цист озера Кучукское составила 24 %. Анализ морфометрических показателей рачков, выращенных из цист, показал, что средняя длина рачков (9,27–11,63 мм), ширина абдомена (0,53–0,69 мм) и расстояние между глазами (1,36–1,52 мм) тесно коррелировали с солёностью материнского водоёма (значения r составили −0,76; −0,62; −0,67 соответственно). Кластерный анализ совокупности морфометрических признаков рачков указывает на объединение популяций по признаку солёности.
Китообразные Баренцева моря: фауна и состояние популяций в начале XXI века
Authors: Мишин Т. В.
Published: June 2021

Комплексные научно-исследовательские работы, ежегодно проводимые Полярным филиалом ВНИРО (ПИНРО имени Н. М. Книповича) в Баренцевом море, позволяют получать актуальную информацию о распределении и встречаемости морских млекопитающих, в частности китообразных, которые являются важнейшим звеном в экосистеме Мирового океана. В последние годы необходимость проведения мониторинга морских млекопитающих приобретает всё бόльшую актуальность в связи с изменением климата и повышением температуры морей и океанов, что может привести к смещению ареалов и даже к возможному исчезновению тех или иных видов. В настоящей работе обобщены результаты судовых учётов китообразных, выполненных Полярным филиалом ВНИРО в Баренцевом море в 2010–2019 гг., а также приведены ретроспективные данные по фауне усатых (Mysticeti) и зубатых (Odontoceti) китов. На основе материалов судовых исследований и с учётом сведений из литературных источников определён современный состав китообразных Баренцева моря, который в начале XXI века может быть представлен 16 видами китообразных из 7 семейств. Анализ материалов судовых учётов позволил определить статус пребывания морских млекопитающих в акватории моря и выявить частоту их встречаемости. Приведена численность популяций большинства видов усатых и зубатых китов, указаны наиболее вероятные места их встреч. По данным исследований, самым массовым, часто и круглогодично встречающимся видом определён беломордый дельфин Lagenorhynchus albirostris: на его долю приходится более 80 % от общего количества учтённых морских млекопитающих и около 50 % от всех встреченных китообразных. К постоянно присутствующим в акватории моря видам также отнесены белуха Delphinapterus leucas и обыкновенная морская свинья Phocoena phocoena, местá локализации которых приурочены преимущественно к прибрежной зоне Кольского полуострова. С мая по октябрь в акватории Баренцева моря регулярно встречаются виды, прибывающие сюда для нагула из других районов Атлантики, — малый полосатик Balaenoptera acutorostrata, финвал Balaenoptera physalus и горбач Megaptera novaeangliae. Крайне редко в западном секторе Российской Арктики можно увидеть нарвала Monodon monoceros и высоколобого бутылконоса Hyperoodon ampullatus.
Изменение седиментационных потоков плутония в донные отложения бухты Севастопольская в период до и после аварии на ЧАЭС
Authors: Параскив А. А. , Терещенко Н. Н. , Проскурнин В. Ю. , Чужикова-Проскурнина О. Д.
Published: June 2021

Бухта Севастопольская, расположенная в северной акватории Чёрного моря, подвергалась радиоактивному загрязнению техногенными радионуклидами, включая 238,239+240Pu, и испытывала другие виды техногенной нагрузки. Одним из них явилось строительство заградительных молов на входе в бухту в 1975–1986 гг., которое привело к изменению её гидрологического режима. Целью данной работы было оценить изменение седиментационных потоков 238Pu и 239+240Pu в донные отложения устьевой части бухты Севастопольская в период до и после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС (1962–1986 и 1986–2013 соответственно). Плутоний в осадках определяли радиохимическим методом, с последующим измерением активности радиоизотопов на альфа-спектрометре. Скорость осадконакопления определяли с помощью геохронологической датировки слоёв осадка по изменению отношения активностей 238Pu/239+240Pu в керне донных отложений. Затем рассчитывали скорость седиментации осадочного вещества в донные осадки. Установлено, что в период после 1986 г. среднегодовая скорость осадконакопления и скорость седиментации осадочного вещества в устье бухты увеличились на 63 и 70 % соответственно. Оценка седиментационных потоков 238,239+240Pu за два исследуемых периода показала, что поток 238Pu в донные отложения увеличился после 1986 г. на 150 %, а поток 239+240Pu — на 49 %. Повышенная процентная доля 238Pu в седиментационном потоке плутония после 1986 г. указывает на чернобыльское происхождение плутония в слоях донных отложений выше 11 см. Суммарный эффект увеличения седиментационных потоков 238,239+240Pu в устье бухты в постчернобыльский период обусловлен ростом интенсивности радиоактивных выпадений после аварии на ЧАЭС и влиянием гидротехнических сооружений на режим седиментационных процессов в акватории (увеличением скорости седиментации осадочного вещества).
Investigation of The Long-Term Seasonal Variability of Precipitation And Temperature Across Turkey
Authors: Çiftçi Nida Doğan , Şahin Ahmet Duran
Published: June 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Utilization of plant species in mangrove swamp: ruminant herders’ perception of treats and strategies for mangrove sustainable restoration in Benin (west-Africa)
Authors: Ahouangan Bidossessi Syntiche Chiméi Mérimée , Koura Ivan Bossima , Sèwadé Clément , Toyi Mreille Allagbe , Lesse Paolo Armel Dodji , Houinato Marcel Romuald Benjamin
Published: June 2021

In Benin, mangroves are an important resource for the coastal populations who use them for firewood, salt preparation but also for feeding ruminants in the surrounding meadows. However, the pressure exerted by exploitation on fodder in the mangroves has not been quantified. This study aims to understand the relationship between mangroves and ruminants in the coastal zone of Benin. Ethno-botanical data were collected from ninety (90) ruminant breeders in fifteen (15) villages close to mangroves along the coastal belt, using individual interviews and group discussions combined with a tourist guide and a semi-structured questionnaire. The herders provided, among other things, mangrove species used as food and for ruminant health. Cross-tabulations, with calculation of chi-square statistics, were used as well as means and standard deviation values of continuous variables calculated and compared between mangrove trends observed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Rhizophora racemosa , Avicennia africana , Paspalum vaginatum , Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Blutaparon vermiculare were the species mentioned. Local communities are aware of the need to restore and ensure the sustainable conservation of mangrove ecosystems. The main restoration and conservation measures indicated by the pastoralists are the planting of mangroves, rational logging through the control of logging, no fires after logging. These measures vary according to ethnicity and depend significantly (p < 0.001) on the type of mangrove. However, these modes of exploitation of mangroves by livestock breeders have no effect on their dynamics. However, the involvement of farmers is dispensable for the conservation of mangroves.
Variance of mercury speciation in municipal sewage treatment plant: effects of mercury on the atmosphere
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Wang Yan , Liu Ruhai , Shao Long , Liu Xiaoyu , Han Kun , Song Peng
Published: June 2021

The speciation of mercury in various processing units of sewage treatment in autumn and winter were studied to understand the conversion and fate of mercury. The results show that the average concentrations of total mercury (THg) in the influent were 130.5 ± 69.8 ng/L and 231.3 ± 107.2 ng/L in autumn and winter, respectively, and the particulate mercury (PHg) was the main speciation (accounting for 59.3% and 86.9%, respectively). The proportion of dissolved mercury (DHg) increased after treatment, and the total removal efficiencies of THg were 78.9% and 90.8%, respectively. The release of mercury into the atmosphere during wastewater treatment was studied for the first time. The dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) levels in the influent in autumn and winter were 0.60 ± 0.40 ng/L and 0.34 ± 0.21 ng/L, respectively. The estimated mercury from aeration was 3.94 kg per year in China. DGM will be released to the air if the sewage treatment plant is open-air. Closed sewage treatment and collection of waste gas treatment are necessary to reduce the influence of released mercury. Mercury releases into the atmosphere in the process of sewage treatment is one of the fates of mercury in sewage. Closed sewage treatment and collection of waste gas treatment are necessary to reduce the influence of released mercury. The reactive mercury (RHg) levels in the influents of autumn and winter were 1.28 ± 0.49 ng/L and 1.96 ± 0.43 ng/L, and these levels account for a small proportion of THg, only 1.7% and 0.8%. Hg2+ were released by the degradation of organic matter in the secondary biological treatment. The THg levels in dehydrated sludge were higher than those in biochemical sludge but lower than the maximum limit of THg in agricultural sludge.
Compressed sensing in the far-field of the spatial light modulator in high noise conditions
Authors: Kallepalli Akhil , Innes John , Padgett Miles
Published: June 2021

Single-pixel imaging techniques as an alternative to focal-plane detector arrays are being widely investigated. The interest in these single-pixel techniques is partly their compatibility with compressed sensing but also their applicability to spectral regions where focal planes arrays are simply not obtainable. Here, we show how a phased-array modulator source can be used to create Hadamard intensity patterns in the far-field, thereby enabling single-pixel imaging. Further, we successfully illustrate an implementation of compressed sensing for image reconstruction in conditions of high noise. In combination, this robust technique could be applied to any spectral region where spatial light phase modulators or phased-array sources are available.
Efficacy and safety of antiplatelet agents in patients with COVID-19 a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hu Yan , Song Baohui
Published: June 2021

Coagulopathy and thrombotic events have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently. However, the use of antiplatelet agents in COVID-19 is yet to be investigated. This article systematically reviewed the relationship between use of antiplatelet agents and major outcomes of COVID-19 patients. In total, 12 studies met our eligibility criteria. Due to high heterogeneity, we excluded three studies with high risk of bias. The result showed that antiplatelet therapy did not related to a higher mortality of COVID-19 patients (OR=1.01, 95% CI=0.77-1.33, I2=0%, P=0.88). However, the use of antiplatelet agents was associated with a lower risk of ICU admission (OR=0.63, 95% CI= 0.40-0.98, I2=0%, P=0.68) and mechanical ventilation (OR=0.57, 95% CI= 0.38-0.85, I2=0%, P=0.75) compared with those without antiplatelets. In conclusion, current results did not support that antiplatelets will cause greater mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. Antiplatelet agents should be continued in COVID-19 patients, unless clinically indicated.
Effect of High-intensity Interval Training on patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Jun Tan , Tian Jin-Hui , Yu Fei , Wang Xing , Zheng lan
Published: June 2021

BackgroundType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a serious disease. The intervention of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on T2DM is widely concerned but controversial, which also exists in the current Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analysis (SRs/MAs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the methodology, evidence and reporting quality of SRs/MAs of the effects of HIIT on patients with T2DM. MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, SinoMed and VIP were searched. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systemic Reviews 2 （AMSTAR2）, Risk of Bias in Systematic Review（ROBIS）,Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation（GRADE）were used to evaluate the included studies.ResultsSix SRs/MAs studies were included, with 79 outcomes from 21 original studies. Methodological quality of AMSTAR2 evaluation was extremely low. ROBIS evaluation showed high risk of bias. There are 39 outcomes of 3 included SRs/MAs used GRADE, of which 29 items are low, 8 items are very low, and 2 items are intermediate quality. Low quality and very low quality evidence bodies account for 95% of the total.ConclusionsSRs/MAs on the effect of HIIT intervention on patients with T2DM included a small number of original studies and the overlapping feature is obvious, outcomes are diverse and overlapping, and there is a lack of key and ending outcomes; From original study, outcomes to system reviews, quality of evaluation is low. Evidence from a large samples, long periods, better protocols, and reflecting ending outcomes and critical outcomes are needed to promote the application of HIIT in T2DM.
Functional Divergence of AP1 and FUL Genes Related to Flowering Regulation in Upland Cotton
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Ren Zhongying , Hu Genhai , Wei Hengling , Fan Shuli , Ma Qifeng
Published: June 2021

The AP1/FUL transcription factors are important for floral development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we cloned and identified two AP1/FUL-like genes, GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, in upland cotton, which is a commonly cultivated economically valuable crop. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses indicated GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, which are encoded by genes in the AP1/FUL clade, have conserved N-terminals, but diverse C-terminal domains. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2 were expressed in the flower and root, and had the opposite expression patterns during different shoot apical meristem stages. The upregulated expression of GhAP1.1 in Arabidopsis and the silencing of GhAP1.1 did not induce significant changes to the flowering time or floral organs, but the transcript levels of the florigen FT gene and the AP1 homolog GhMADS42 increased. The overexpression of GhFUL2 in Arabidopsis delayed flowering and promoted bolting by decreasing the FT and LFY expression levels. Silencing GhFUL2 in cotton dramatically increased the expression of GhFT and GhMADS42 and promoted flowering. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that GhAP1.1 can interact with the SVP homolog GhSVP1, whereas GhFUL2 can form heterodimers with SEP1, SEP4 homologs, and GhSVP1. Therefore, we proved that the functional divergence of GhAP1.1 and GhFUL2, which involved changes in sequences and expression patterns, influenced the regulation of cotton flower development.
Speciation of Metals and Their Bioaccumulation by Edible Bivalves (Cassosstrea Spp. And Polymesoda Spp.) in the Aquatic Bodies of Goa, West Coast of India
Authors: Bhutia Trishala , Nasnodkar Maheshwar Ramakant , Nayak Ganapati N
Published: June 2021

Grain size, total organic carbon, total metals and their speciation was investigated in sediments from lower Chapora Estuary, middle Zuari Estuary and Moira River in Goa, India. Study aims to understand metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation in two edible bivalves (Cassosstrea spp. and Polymesoda spp.) in three water bodies of different lengths, catchment areas, hydrodynamics and anthropogenic stress. Hydrodynamics regulated coarser sediment transport and deposition at Chapora and Moira stations, while clay particles deposition at the Zuari Estuary. Considerable difference in total metal level (Mn and/or Zn) from November to December was attributed to their additional input and variation in physicochemical processes. Contamination factor revealed moderate contamination of Zn at Chapora (November), while Zn, Cu and Co were moderately contaminated at Zuari. Presence of metals in considerable or significant amount in bioavailable fractions indicated their bioavailability. Variation in metal accumulation in gills, adductor muscle and digestive gland at three stations and between months was the result of varying hydrodynamics, trophic levels, feeding habits and pollution gradients of metal causes. Interlinkage of metals in water, sediments and bivalves revealed discrepancies in accumulation of metal type. This might be attributed to differential response of species to varying physical and biological factors at study sites. Bivalves showed a selective preference for Zn at three stations highlighting its importance in biological activities. Moreover, metals in bivalves at one or more stations exceeded the standard permissible limit and thus, indicated their toxicity to bivalves and non-suitability for human consumption according to marine pollution index.
Modeling And Simulation of The Advanced Structured Surfaces Machined By Specially Patterned Grinding Wheels Via The Structuring Grinding Process
Authors: Monier Amr , Guo Bing , Zhao Qingliang , Mahmoud T.S.
Published: June 2021

In this work, the ability to reshape the grinding wheels with special patterns to produce advanced structured surfaces with several geometries is studied. Firstly, a mathematical model is built for the process relating geometries of the grinding wheel, geometries of wheel patterns, the produced structured surface with the grinding operating parameters. Then, different regular and irregular geometries are designed to be patterned over the wheel surface. Afterward, a simulation method to express the patterned wheels and the structured surface at different working conditions is developed. The effects of the pattern geometries on the obtained structured surfaces are investigated.
Eluciadation of the Plant Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Bhela (Semecarpus Anacardium L.): An Underutilized Plant of Tropics
Authors: Ghosh Arkendu , Dey Koyel , Hassan Md Abu , Bauri Fatik Kumar , Das Bikash Chandra
Published: June 2021

Semecarpus anacardium L. is a potential underutilized edible, highly nutritious fruit crop with ample medicinal properties grown in some localized pockets of India. Being a hardy crop, it can be easily used for climate resilient horticulture adaptation. But due to inadequate knowledge it is remains in underused position. Therefore the investigation was carried out to study the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the plant which will help in further improvement of the crop. The plant followed quadratic growth curve in different vegetative characters and leaf chlorophyll in both the years. Positive correlation was observed in different vegetative characters with different weather parameters during first year whereas in second year negatively correlation was recorded with sunshine hours only. The vegetative growth almost ceased during winter season, slow to moderate growth during summer and rapid growth was noticed from rainy to autumn season during experimentation. Leaf chlorophyll content followed an increasing trend during April to November and whereas a decreasing trend from December-March. It bears only terminally in older shoot from May to June with very lower fruit set and retention yield. The ripened fruits of Bhela showed high (23.94 ºbrix) TSS, total sugar, protein (21.08%), total carbohydrate, crude fat (34.91%) and food energy value (445.43 kcal/g). The observed performance of the crop with regards to plant morphology, growth rate and fruit quality was indicative for commercial exploitation in future.
Best Disease Presenting as Subretinal Pigment Epithelium Hyperreflective Lesion on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: Multimodal Imaging Features Multimodal imaging in Best disease
Authors: Muslubas Isil Sayman , Arf Serra , Hocaoglu Mumin , Ersoz M. Giray , Karacorlu Murat
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo report clinical and multimodal imaging features of Best disease in patients presenting with subretinal pigment epithelium hyperreflective lesion.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsClinical examination findings and multimodal imaging features, including color fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were evaluated retrospectively. ResultsWe assessed 27 eyes of 16 patients with the diagnosis of Best disease. Only patients presenting with serous macular detachment and subretinal pigment epithelium hyperreflective lesion in one or both eyes were included in this study. In 17 of 27 eyes (63%), fibrosis was identified by multimodal imaging techniques. Although there was no sign of active neovascularization on fundus examination or SD-OCT, a vascular network could be identified in 7 eyes (26%) (in 1 eye with OCTA only and in 6 with both OCTA and ICGA). Active neovascularization was seen in 3 eyes (11%). Treatment was recommended for eyes with active neovascularization, and follow-up was scheduled for eyes with quiescent neovascularization and fibrosis.ConclusionEyes with Best disease with subretinal pigment epithelium hyperreflective lesion and serous macular detachment may show fibrosis, quiescent neovascularization, or active neovascularization. Multimodal imaging techniques are very important for differentiation of these lesions.
Measuring The Tensile Strain of Wood By Visible And Near-Infrared Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Te Ma , Inagaki Tetsuya , Yoshida Masato , Ichino Mayumi , Tsuchikawa Satoru
Published: June 2021

Wood has various mechanical properties, so stiffness evaluation is critical for quality management. Using conventional strain gauges constantly is high cost, also challenging to measure precious wood materials due to the use of strong adhesive. This study demonstrates the correlation between light scattering changes inside the wood cell walls and tensile strain. A multifiber-based visible-near-infrared (Vis–NIR) spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) system was designed to rapidly and conventiently acquire such light scattering changes. For the preliminary experiment, samples with different thicknesses were measured to evaluate the influence of thickness. The differences in Vis–NIR SRS spectral data diminish with an increase in sample thickness, which suggests that the SRS method can successfully measure the whole strain (i.e., surface and inside) of wood samples. Then, for the primary experiment, 18 wood samples with the same thickness (2 mm) were tested to construct a strain calibration model. The prediction accuracy was characterized by a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.86 with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 297.89 με for five-fold cross-validation; for test validation, The prediction accuracy was characterized by an R2 of 0.82 and an RMSE of 345.44 με.
Identification of PRMT5 Inhibitors with Novel Scaffold Structures through Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Zhang Lun , Cao Chenxi , Jin Jia , Fan Yaohua , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhang Qian , Hu Haofeng , Ye Xiaoqing , Wang Lei , Ye Fei
Published: June 2021

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an important member in PRMT family, has been validated as a promising anticancer target. In this study, through the combination of virtual screening and biological experiments, we have identified two PRMT5 inhibitors with novel scaffold structures. Among them, compound Y2431 showed moderate activity with IC50 value of 10.09 μM and displayed good selectivity against other methyltransferases. The molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggested that the compound occupied the substrate-arginine binding site. Furthermore, Y2431 exhibited anti-proliferative activity to leukemia cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. Overall, the hit compound could provide a novel scaffold for further optimization of small-molecule PRMT5 inhibitors.
Severe Hemolysis With Negative Direct Antiglobulin Test: A Case Report
Authors: Fard Mahin Behzadi , Arianezhad Ali , Bandehzadeh Ali
Published: June 2021

A 49-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department. Her examination showed marked pallor, exhaustion, lethargy, yellowish eyes, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. Laboratory analysis revealed: Hemoglobin (Hb) 4.8 g/dl, MCV 91fl, platelet count 233 × 106 /L, Total bilirubin 7.0 mg/dl, Glucose 316 mg/dl, hematuria and normal G6PD. Hemolytic panel was unswerving with hemolysis. IV fluids and 2 units of packed cell were transfused. Despite transfusion, during the first 4 days of hospitalization the hemolysis continued so that immune hemolysis was suspected in spite of negative coomb's test. After 3 weeks of the patient refer to the hospital, she was discharged home with stable vital signs and Hb10 g/dl. Blood transfusion along with corticosteroids, IVIG and rituximab saved the life of this patient. We concluded in cases that presented with a severe drop in hemoglobin, even if there is a negative direct antiglobulin test (DAT) pay special attention to the immune mediated hemolysis and do not be misled with a negative coomb's test.
A Model Approach for In-Process Tool Condition Monitoring in CNC Turning Using Machine Vision
Authors: Sawangsri Worapong , Wattanasinbumrung Pakanun
Published: June 2021

Tool wear monitoring and real-time predicting tool life during the machining process is becoming a crucial element in modern manufacturing to properly determine the ideal point to replace tool, remains a challenge currently. In this paper, the model approach for in-process monitoring and predicting progressive tool wear by using machine vision is proposed. The developed method adopts machine vision to acquire tool wear images from a CCD camera. The emerged wear analysis is conducted based on the in-progress of signal processing on captured tool wear images, received throughout the cutting process. This automated analysis is carried out with programming to assess and compare a number of pixels of cutting edge images between cutting tools before machining and during the machining process. The developed system is evaluated through experiments of actual cutting conducted on the CNC turning machine with the proposed system installed to evaluate progressive wear during the machining process. Experimental results are capable of indicating the emerged wear at the current state by comparing the number of pixels between the new and used tools. Average flank wear (VB) is also evaluated linked to tool rejection criteria. The developed system is validated by the 3D microscope measuring actual wear on the used tool after cutting experiments. Comparative wear analysis is then performed by finding the correlation equation of pixels examined by a developed system and SMr2 value measured by the microscope. The results showed that the relationship between the number of pixels and SMr2 is a strong correlation.
Distinct DNA Methylation Patterns of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Bongaarts Anika , Mijnsbergen Caroline , Anink Jasper J. , Jansen Floor E. , Spliet Wim G.M. , Dunnen Wilfred F.A. den , Coras Roland , Blümcke Ingmar , Paulus Werner , Gruber Victoria E. , Scholl Theresa , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Feucht Martha , Kotulska Katarzyna , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Grajkowska Wieslawa , Buccoliero Anna Maria , Caporalini Chiara , Giordano Flavio , Genitori Lorenzo , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Pimentel José , Jones David T.W. , Scicluna Brendon P. , Meeteren Antoinette Y.N. Schouten-van , Mühlebner Angelika , Mills James D. , Aronica Eleonora
Published: June 2021

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, two key regulators of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex pathway. Phenotypically, this leads to growth and formation of hamartomas in several organs, including the brain. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are low-grade brain tumors commonly associated with TSC. Recently, gene expression studies provided evidence that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization play an important role in SEGA development. However, the precise mechanisms behind the gene expression changes in SEGA are still largely unknown, providing a potential role for DNA methylation. We investigated the methylation profile of SEGAs using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (SEGAs n = 42, periventricular control n = 8). The SEGA methylation profile was enriched for the adaptive immune system, T cell activation, leukocyte mediated immunity, extracellular structure organization and the ERK1 & ERK2 cascade. More interestingly, we identified two subgroups in the SEGA methylation data and show that the differentially expressed genes between the two subgroups are related to the MAPK cascade and adaptive immune response. Overall, this study shows that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization are also affected on DNA methylation level, suggesting that therapeutic intervention on DNA level could be useful for these specific pathways in SEGA. Moreover, we identified two subgroups in SEGA that seem to be driven by changes in the adaptive immune response and MAPK pathway and could potentially hold predictive information on target treatment response.