bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomically precise thiolate‐protected gold nanoclusters: Current status of designability of the structure and physicochemical properties
Authors: Hossain Sakiat , Hirayama Daisuke , Ikeda Ayaka , Ishimi Mai , Funaki Sota , Samanta Arpan , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Negishi Yuichi
Published: July 2022

Thiolate (SR)‐protected gold nanoclusters (Aun(SR)m NCs) are a rare type of material capable of simultaneously exhibiting multiple physicochemical properties well‐suited to specific applications, including photoluminescence, thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, magnetism, and optical activity. Over the past several decades, there has been tremendous progress in our understanding of the structure and physicochemical properties of Aun(SR)m NCs, resulting in the ability to fine‐tune the characteristics of these materials. It is therefore helpful to examine the extent to which the properties of Aun(SR)m and related metal NCs can now be adjusted based on design. This review presents representative examples of previous studies concerning the geometry, electronic structure, luminescence properties, catalysis, magnetism and optical activity of Aun(SR)m and related metal NCs and discusses the current status of the designability of these NCs to impart specific structural and physicochemical characteristics. This information is expected to accelerate the fabrication of highly functional materials based on Aun(SR)m and related metal NCs.
Subarachnoid and subdural haematoma after attempted spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
Authors: Santos R. , Silva R. , Gomes A. , Cardoso H.
Published: July 2022

We report a case of a previously healthy patient who developed a vertebral canal haematoma in the subarachnoid and subdural spaces after a spinal puncture for elective caesarean section. Vertebral canal haematomas are rare. There are different mechanisms for haematoma formation, but coagulation disturbances and trauma, most often due to needle punctures, are the most important. Vertebral canal haematoma may warrant emergent surgical decompression. In this case report we discuss vertebral canal haematomas, including possible mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, imaging modalities, methods for management and advice for patients. We consider the possible association between a vertebral canal haematoma and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and draw attention to an existing black box warning for ketorolac. In this case, we explain why a conservative approach was chosen with a good outcome. We also report the effect of this complication on the patient experience.
Water‐in‐oleogel emulsion based on γ‐oryzanol and phytosterol mixtures: Challenges and its potential use for the delivery of bioactives
Authors: Pinto Tiago C. , Martins Artur J. , Pastrana Lorenzo , Pereira Maria C. , Cerqueira Miguel A.
Published: July 2022

The present work aimed at developing a novel water‐in‐oleogel emulsion using a mixture of γ‐oryzanol and phytosterols as gelator. The gelator network was severely affected by the presence of water, with single β‐sitosterol crystals being the main contributors to the self‐standing ability of the emulsions. X‐ray analyses have shown sharp crystallographic reflections for anhydrous and hemihydrated β‐sitosterol crystals, independently of the gelator concentrations and water‐in‐oleogel ratios. The samples with higher water content have shown additional reflections that could be traced back to monohydrated β‐sitosterol crystals, but these were not present after 7 days. The rheological analysis has revealed the impact of the emulsion composition on their strength. Foreseeing their use for the co‐delivery of bioactive compounds, we added β‐carotene and epigallocatechin gallate to the emulsions. We confirmed their viability toward the incorporation of bioactives in their free‐form, constituting a proof of concept for the fortification of lipid‐rich foods with both oil and water‐soluble bioactive compounds.
Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for the recognition of ellagic acid
Authors: Yucel Necla , Gulen Hatice , Cakir Hatir Pinar
Published: July 2022

Ellagic acid (EA) is one of the bioactive polyphenolic flavonoids found in many fruits. Over the years, various extraction methods have been developed to isolate pure EA from plant samples. These methods, however, have some disadvantages, such as low specificity and selectivity, not easy incorporation into industrial processes, and low‐purification efficiency. The present study proposes an approach based on the molecular imprinting technique. We describe the nanoscale production of EA imprinted polymers for the first time. We develop a straightforward, efficient, and environmentally friendly precipitation polymerization method to synthesize molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs). To increase the affinity of nanoMIPs, we explore molecular interactions between EA and functional monomers before polymerization. The nanoMIPs are successfully synthesized with an excellent yield of 94.5%. The maximum binding capacity is 66.6 and 45.6 μmol/g for EA imprinted and nonimprinted polymers, respectively. Furthermore, in the presence of quercetin, an EA analog, and other compounds in the pomegranate peel extract solution, nanoMIPs selectively retain EA. NanoMIPs will be a valuable analytical tool for separation and sensing applications, especially dispersive solid‐phase extraction.
Nano‐silica/fluorinated polyacrylate composites as surface protective coatings for simulated stone cultural relic protection
Authors: Xu Jicheng , Zhang Tao , Jiang Yan , Qiu Shu , Li Pengling , Yang Dongya , Qiu Fengxian
Published: July 2022

Stone cultural relics are widely distributed globally and have significant historical and cultural significance and research value. However, most of them have suffered severe weathering and erosion due to the physical and chemical effects of different climatic conditions. Herein, a series of nano‐silica/fluorinated polyacrylate composites as surface protective coatings to protect simulated stone cultural relics were prepared with dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), acrylates, and different contents of nano‐silica. The storage stability, mechanical stability, coagulum rate, and surface tension of the composite coatings were measured. The UV absorption, chemical structure, surface morphology, and thermal properties of composite films were characterized. When the nano‐silica content was 6 wt%, the optimal nano‐silica/fluorinated polyacrylate (Si‐F‐3) composite with excellent comprehensive properties was applied in the protection of simulated stone cultural relics. Compared with the uncoated original stone samples, the simulated stone cultural relics treated with Si‐F‐3 composite not only had freeze–thaw resistance but also could slow down sulfate erosion and freeze–thaw coupling cycle (SEFTCC) test damage. To conclude, the nano‐silica/fluorinated polyacrylate composites could be a desirable solution for protecting stone cultural relics.
Data science curriculum in theiField
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wu Dan , Hagen Loni , Song Il‐Yeol , Mostafa Javed , Oh Sam , Anderson Theresa , Shah Chirag , Bishop Bradley Wade , Hopfgartner Frank , Eckert Kai , Federer Lisa , Saltz Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2022

Many disciplines, including the broad Field of Information (iField), offer Data Science (DS) programs. There have been significant efforts exploring an individual discipline's identity and unique contributions to the broader DS education landscape. To advance DS education in the iField, the iSchool Data Science Curriculum Committee (iDSCC) was formed and charged with building and recommending a DS education framework for iSchools. This paper reports on the research process and findings of a series of studies to address important questions: What is the iField identity in the multidisciplinary DS education landscape? What is the status of DS education in iField schools? What knowledge and skills should be included in the core curriculum for iField DS education? What are the jobs available for DS graduates from the iField? What are the differences between graduate‐level and undergraduate‐level DS education? Answers to these questions will not only distinguish an iField approach to DS education but also define critical components of DS curriculum. The results will inform individual DS programs in the iField to develop curriculum to support undergraduate and graduate DS education in their local context.
How Asian slum emissions impact local microclimates in polluted air masses
Authors: Ghosh Satyajit , Sathish Kumar C. R. , Gumber Siddharth , Dobbie Steven , Yang Huiyi
Published: July 2022

Urban sprawl comprising densely populated slums over South Asian cities yields copious amounts of soot and black carbon from archaic cooking methods involving cow dung cakes and firewood, which remain afloat for over 10–12 h, enabling them to age in a sulphur rich environment. Not only are there toxicological concerns arising out of improper ventilation mechanisms, but there are also other concerns impacting the local microclimate. These emissions mix with other aerosol particles and, when conditions are favourable, are rendered partially soluble, enabling them to activate into cloud condensation nuclei. This study first yields a quantification of the soluble mass fraction and subsequently shows how aerosols from this local area source mix with background aerosol modes to perturb the local cloud microphysics over Chennai, a megacity in Southern India. On‐site sampling was undertaken to find the mass concentrations of the collected deposits separately from cow dung and firewood fuel. Additional micro‐physical attributes, including the morphological indentations that served as a receptacle to contain the accreted sulphate along with the particle size distribution were ascertained through Scanning Electron Microscopy. It is shown that accreted sulphate on carbonaceous particles facilitates CCN activation over the city. We show through large‐eddy simulations (LES) that extensive slum emissions over the study region contribute to the observed local cloud cover and enhanced rain amounts over a densely built‐up area housing the city's most vulnerable citizens.
A review on carbon quantum dots: Synthesis, photoluminescence mechanisms and applications
Authors: Zhang Likang , Yang Xue , Yin Zhifu , Sun Linlin
Published: July 2022

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), having outstanding biocompatibility, attractive catalytic performance, excellent optical properties, and valuable environment friendliness, are emerging as a new paradigm to design luminescent devices and show great potential in application fields such as biomedical sensors, optical and photonic devices. Furthermore, CQDs are known as one of the most promising carbon‐based nanomaterials in the 21st century. Therefore, they have attracted a lot of attention since they were first discovered in 2004. In this review, we explain the accepted photoluminescence mechanism of CQDs, including fluorescence and phosphorescence. There are two main types of synthesis strategies: top‐down approach and bottom‐up approach. At the same time, the main application fields, including ion detection, anti‐counterfeiting, biological imaging, food safety, sensors, lubrication additives, are reviewed. Finally, the existing bottlenecks, pending problems and prospects for the future of CQDs are discussed.
Synthesis of (tricyanofuran‐3‐ylmethylene)hydrazinyl thiazole‐containing chromophore: A study of its photophysical properties, solvatochromism, and TD‐DFT computations
Authors: Pashameah Rami A. , Alshareef Mubark , Alharbi Arwa , Alsoliemy Amerah , Abumelha Hana M. , Saad Fawaz A. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: July 2022

The chromophore 2–2‐(3‐cyano‐5,5‐dimethyl‐4‐((2‐[thiazol‐2‐yl]hydrazono)methyl)‐furan‐2(5H)‐ylidene)malononitrile (TzHTCF) was prepared by diazo‐coupling of diazotized 2‐aminothiazole with 3‐cyano‐2‐(dicyanomethylene)‐4,5,5‐trimethylfuran (TCF). The TzHTCF absorption solvatochromism, in different polarity solvents, demonstrated a ΔEmax = +4.74 in which the positive sign implied the occurrence of a red shift and the TzHTCF lowest excited state was more polar than its ground state. In addition, the TzHTCF fluorescence spectrum produced a λem in the 416–670 nm range and was more dependent on the solvent polarity than the absorption λmax, despite both exhibiting a red shift of 24 and 254 nm, respectively. To discover the Stokes shift (
behaviour of the TzHTCF derivative, Lippert–Mataga and linear solvation–energy relationship (LSER) formulations were utilized in which the LSER approach displayed better results than the Lippert–Mataga method (R2 = 0.9931). Furthermore, the LSER showed that the absorption and fluorescence solvatochromic behaviours were dependent on the solvent's hydrogen‐bond donor (α) and acceptor (β), along with the solvent's polarizability (π*). Moreover, DFT calculations showed that TzHTCF has a planar configuration and its simulated absorption and emission spectra in dimethyl sulphoxide revealed that λmax primarily originated from the HOMO→LUMO and HOMO‐1→LUMO transitions, respectively.
Boltzmann relation reliability in optical temperature sensing based on upconversion studies of Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped PZT ceramics
Authors: Sukul Prasenjit Prasad , Swart Hendrik , Kumar Kaushal
Published: July 2022

The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of two thermally coupled levels with temperature follows the Boltzmann equation and shows an exponential nature to the temperature that is purely dependent on the energy difference between the levels. Despite the identical energy difference between the thermally coupled levels, researchers have observed varying sensitivities for various samples. In this article, the FIR and sensitivities were calculated using the Boltzmann equation by changing various parameters such as energy difference (ΔE) and the value of the constant C. The results were compared with various reports for Er3+/Yb3+ ions. After analysis, a new polynomial fit equation was used to determine the temperature sensitivities for the Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped PbZrTiO3 phosphor in lieu of the conventional Boltzmann equation. The polynomial fit equation eliminated the dependency of the sensitivity on the inverse of the FIR factor and a flat sensitivity curve was obtained with temperature.
Pressure‐dependent fouling behavior during sterile filtration of mRNA‐containing lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Messerian Kevork Oliver , Zverev Anton , Kramarczyk Jack F. , Zydney Andrew L.
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has generated growing interest in the development of mRNA‐based vaccines and therapeutics. However, the size and properties of the lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) used to deliver the nucleic acids can lead to unique phenomena during manufacturing that are not typical of other biologics. The objective of this study was to develop a more fundamental understanding of the factors controlling the performance of sterile filtration of mRNA‐LNPs. Experimental filtration studies were performed with a Moderna mRNA‐LNP solution using a commercially available dual‐layer polyethersulfone sterile filter, the Sartopore 2 XLG. Unexpectedly, increasing the transmembrane pressure (TMP) from 2 to 20 psi provided more than a twofold increase in filter capacity. Also surprisingly, the effective resistance of the fouled filter decreased with increasing TMP, in contrast to the pressure‐independent behavior expected for an incompressible media and the increase in resistance typically seen for a compressible fouling deposit. The mRNA‐LNPs appear to foul the dual‐layer filter by blocking the pores in the downstream sterilizing‐grade membrane layer, as demonstrated both by scanning electron microscopy and derivative analysis of filtration data collected for the two layers independently. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms governing the filtration of mRNA‐LNP vaccines and therapeutics.
Long‐term survival outcomes of patients with primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma: A large single‐center cohort study
Authors: Liang Yuanzheng , Fu Rui‐ying , Liu Xue‐lin , Liu Xin‐di , Piao Ying‐shi , Ma Jian‐min , Wang Liang
Published: July 2022

Background

Primary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML) is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and no consensus has been defined concerning the optimal treatment strategies. This study aims to investigate the associations of disease characteristics and different treatments with long‐term outcomes of patients with localized OAML.

Methods

A large retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single‐center of China, and 166 patients with newly diagnosed primary localized OAML were enrolled. Detailed data of disease characteristics at diagnosis and treatments were collected for all patients. We compared treatment response and progression‐free survival (PFS) among patients with different characteristics and treatments.

Results

Of the 166 patients, 52 received complete resection of neoplasm, whereas 114 had residual lesion after surgery. Among the 114 patients, 61 underwent watchful waiting and 53 received further treatment including localized radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Median follow‐up was 49 months. A total of 31 patients had disease progression or relapse, including four patients with such event more than five years after initial treatment. The 5‐year PFS was 73.9%, 70.6%, and 85.9%, whereas the 10‐year PFS was 69.3%, 59.2%, and 79.3%, among patients with complete resection of neoplasm, patients in the watchful waiting group and patients with further treatment, respectively. Patients with further treatment had longer PFS, compared with patients in the watchful waiting group (p = 0.011). Bilateral involvement at diagnosis was associated with significantly inferior PFS (p = 0.029), whereas age, IPI score, or TNM staging were not associated with PFS. No serious adverse reaction was reported among patients with further treatment.

Conclusions

Bilateral involvement was associated with poor prognosis. Among patients with residual lesions after surgery, further treatment was associated with improved survival. Patients with OAML might experience disease progression or relapse more than five years after initial treatment.
Cuprous Chloride as a New Cathode Material for Room Temperature Chloride Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Junmeng , Zhang Jiahao , Chen Xi , Sun Ye , Gao Ping
Published: July 2022

Chloride ion batteries (CIBs) are regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density, sustainability, and abundant resources. However, the development of CIBs is still limited by the proper cathode materials and electrolyte due to the dissolution issue of active material during the electrochemical reaction. Herein, a stable room temperature rechargeable CIB coupled with CuCl cathode in a tributylmethylammonium chloride based liquid electrolyte is reported. Chloride ion shuttle behavior is evidenced in two different cells, in which lithium foil, and CuCl are used as the anode and cathode, respectively. The CuCl cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 278 mAh g−1 and a reversible capacity of 70 mAh g−1 is still retained after 100 cycles at a current density of 5 mA g−1. This study indicates that CuCl would be a promising cathode for CIBs with good cycling stability.
Achema 2022
Authors: Mathes Björn
Published: July 2022

Genau zum richtigen Zeitpunkt findet die Achema 2022 in Frankfurt statt. Das meint Björn Mathes, stellvertretender Geschäftsführer der Dechema Ausstellungsgesellschaft. Denn Die großen Herausforderungen für die chemisch‐pharmazeutische Industrie in Richtung Digitalisierung und Defossilierung lassen sich nur branchenübergreifend bewältigen.
Modulare Produktion, Vernetzung und Industrie 4.0
Authors: Möller Alexander
Published: July 2022

In den letzten Jahren sind immer neue Schlagworte zur Beschreibung der Digitalisierung hinzugekommen: Big Data, Digitaler Zwilling, Künstliche Intelligenz oder Augmented Reality Aber welche Techniken werden die Prozessindustrie der Zukunft tatsächlich prägen?
Prozessanalytik für nachhaltige Prozesse
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: July 2022

Interview mit Sabrina Hakelberg, Produkt Managerin Process Spectroscopy und Dr. Kerstin Dreblow, Produkt Managerin Wet Chemical Process Analyzer, Deutsche Metrohm Prozessanalytik
Mehr Shampoo, weniger Ausschuss
Authors: Faustmann Hendrik
Published: July 2022

Bei der Herstellung von Kosmetika gilt es ebenso wie im Pharma‐, Biotech‐ oder Lebensmittel‐Bereich strenge Qualitäts‐ und Hygienerichtlinien einzuhalten. Beim Produktionsprozess soll jedoch möglichst effizient ablaufen. Durchflussmesser, die schnell und mit hoher Genauigkeit einen Medienwechsel erkennen, erschließen hier ein beachtliches Optimierungspotenzial.
Vom Low‐Budget‐Gebinde zum Containment‐Allrounder
Authors: Ullrich Alexander
Published: July 2022

Nach seiner Einführung vor mehr als 40 Jahren ist der Big‐Bag in der industriellen Produktion nicht mehr wegzudenken. Was als Low‐Budget‐Gebinde für einfachste Rohstoffe und Schuttgüter begann, wird nun zunehmend auch für sensiblere Rohstoffe verwendet. Das bedeutet, dass bei manchen Schüttgütern aufgrund ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften die nahezu staubfreie und sichere Entleerung des Big‐Bags äußerst anspruchsvoll sein kann.
Mischen pharmazeutischer Produkte
Authors: Bode Mandy
Published: July 2022

Damit Mischprozesse möglichst schonend, hygienisch sowie effizient vonstattengehen können, hat die Armaturenwerk Hötensleben (AWH) ein Magnetrührsystem entwickelt, das selbst höchste Ansprüche an Sicherheit und Sterilität erfüllt. AWH präsentiert das CIP‐ und SIP‐fähige System auf der diesjährigen Achema.
Computational analysis of flow conditions in hydrodynamic cavitation generator for water treatment processes
Authors: Gostiša Jurij , Drešar Primož , Hočevar Marko , Dular Matevž
Published: July 2022

The research on the potential of cavitation exploitation is currently an extremely interesting topic. To reduce the costs and time of the cavitation reactor optimization, nowadays, experimental optimization is supplemented and even replaced using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). One of the approaches towards sustainable water treatment is the use of the cavitation reactor with bluff elements mounted on its stator and rotor. The experimental results show that, besides the rotational speed, the spacing of the rotor pins has the most significant effect on the cavitation intensity and effectiveness, while the pin diameter and the surface roughness are less significant design parameters. The present paper uses a simplified CFD approach to investigate the conditions in the reactor and to select the optimal among a number of geometry variations.
Modelling of porous core–shell adsorbent particles with various morphologies suspended in batch adsorber from analytical solutions of diffusion equations
Authors: Cho Young‐Sang , Sung Sohyeon
Published: July 2022

Considering both intra‐particle diffusion and film resistance for mass transfer, analytical solutions of transient concentration of adsorbate inside adsorbents with spherical, cylindrical, or slab‐type particles were derived for batch adsorbers by solving governing equations using the Laplace transform. Assuming Henry's or rectangular isotherm, the average concentration inside adsorbents as well as transient bulk concentration were also obtained for the particles with or without the inert core. Computations were performed to compare the results according to the shape of adsorbents by adjusting adsorbent loading, Biot number (Bi), and inert core thickness. Regardless of particle morphologies, steady‐state bulk concentration was only affected by adsorbent loading and inert core thickness, whereas the effect of Bi was confirmed from the decreasing reduction rate of adsorbate concentration with decreasing Bi. When diffusivity was dependent on time, time‐decaying diffusivity caused the increase in steady‐state concentration that was predicted by eigenfunction expansion. Experimental results using porous fibres by electrospinning were compared with the mathematical solution of a cylindrical adsorbent for the estimation of intra‐particle diffusivity. Using the solutions of the diffusion equation model, novel core–shell cylindrical adsorbents can be designed and synthesized as core–shell fibres by electrospinning with a coaxial nozzle to save the cost of the active shell layer. Such core–shell structured fibres can be adopted as adsorbents for novel batch adsorption processes and the present modelling results can be extended to other processes like fixed bed adsorbers.
Substrate Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of P. falciparum Plasmepsin X with Potent Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Richardson Lachlan W. , Ashton Trent D. , Dans Madeline G. , Nguyen Nghi , Favuzza Paola , Triglia Tony , Hodder Anthony N. , Ngo Anna , Jarman Kate E. , Cowman Alan F. , Sleebs Brad E.
Published: July 2022

Plasmepsin X (PMX) is an aspartyl protease that processes proteins essential for Plasmodium parasites to invade and egress from host erythrocytes during the symptomatic asexual stage of malaria. PMX substrates possess a conserved cleavage region denoted by the consensus motif, SFhE (h=hydrophobic amino acid). Peptidomimetics reflecting the P3‐P1 positions of the consensus motif were designed and showed potent and selective inhibition of PMX. It was established that PMX prefers Phe in the P1 position, di‐substitution at the β‐carbon of the P2 moiety and a hydrophobic P3 group which was supported by modelling of the peptidomimetics in complex with PMX. The peptidomimetics were shown to arrest asexual P. falciparum parasites at the schizont stage by impairing PMX substrate processing. Overall, the peptidomimetics described will assist in further understanding PMX substrate specificity and have the potential to act as a template for future antimalarial design.
Quantification of spatial pharmacogene expression heterogeneity in breast tumors
Authors: Powell Nicholas R. , Silvola Rebecca M. , Howard John S. , Badve Sunil , Skaar Todd C. , Ipe Joseph
Published: July 2022

Background

Chemotherapeutic drug concentrations vary across different regions of tumors and this is thought to be involved in development of chemotherapy resistance. Insufficient drug delivery to some regions of the tumor may be due to spatial differences in expression of genes involved in the disposition, transport, and detoxification of drugs (pharmacogenes). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the spatial expression of 286 pharmacogenes in six breast cancer tissues using the recently developed Visium spatial transcriptomics platform to (1) determine if these pharmacogenes are expressed heterogeneously across tumor tissue and (2) to determine which pharmacogenes have the most spatial expression heterogeneity.

Methods and Results

The spatial transcriptomics technology sequences the transcriptome of 55 um diameter barcoded sections (spots) across a tissue sample. We analyzed spatial gene expression profiles of four biobank‐sourced breast tumor samples in addition to two breast tumor sample datasets from 10× Genomics. We define heterogeneity as the interquartile range of read counts. Collectively, we identified 8887 spots in tumor regions, 3814 in stroma, 44 in lymphocytes, and 116 in normal regions based on pathologist annotation of the tissues. We showed statistically significant differences in expression of pharmacogenes in tumor regions compared to surrounding non‐tumor regions. We also observed that the most heterogeneously expressed genes within tumor regions were involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling and detoxification mechanisms. GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, SOD1, CYP4Z1, CYB5R3, GSTK1, and NAT1 showed the most heterogeneous expression within tumor regions.

Conclusions

The heterogeneous expression of these pharmacogenes may have important implications for cancer therapy due to their ability to impact drug distribution and efficacy throughout the tumor. Our results suggest that chemoresistance caused by expression of GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, and SOD1 may be intrinsic, not acquired, since the heterogeneity is not specific to chemotherapy‐treated samples or cell type. Additionally, we identified candidate chemoresistance pharmacogenes that can be further tested through focused follow‐up studies.
Keys for community dialogue: Preparing ethnically mixed cities in Israel for addressing conflictual overlap of cultural holidays
Authors: Shemer Orna
Published: July 2022

This article describes the contribution of employing community dialogue for the prevention of conflict escalation in ethnically mixed cities. It focuses on preparations of Mediation and Dialogue Centers in the Community (MDCC) for dealing with potential eruptions of violent conflicts over 2 years, due to the overlap of two Jewish and Muslim religious holidays, with opposite characteristics and very different styles. By engaging in processes of community dialogue, it became possible to construct a preventive infrastructure, based on a holistic strategy that involved community activists, civil society organizations and institutions, political leaders and religious leaders, law enforcement bodies, etc. The community model adopted for this task was composed of diverse activities that included explanation, enforcement, education, and dialogue. These combined activities contributed to finding agreed‐upon solutions in the event of conflict escalation. The participatory action research (PAR) that accompanied the process combined learning from successes and exchange of information by professionals from the ethnically mixed cities. The insights from the PAR that accompanied the process extracted the model, for the creation of a sustainable community process that creates community resilience. Consequences for praxis include: the creation of an infrastructure of community dialogue; remaining neutral; the undertaking of multiple collaborations, integration of areas in the community, and individual work with stakeholders.
The mechanism that drives electrostatic solitary waves to propagate in the Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind
Authors: Afify Mahmoud S. , Tolba Reda E. , Moslem Waleed M.
Published: July 2022

The origin of the solitary waves in the Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind, particularly close to the magnetic reconnection (MR) regions, is still an open question. For that purpose, we used the fluid model to obtain the mechanism behind the formation of solitary waves in space plasmas with a variety of components. Our findings reveal that at the separatrix of the MR in the Earth's magnetotail, the counter‐ejected electron beam leads to a broadening of the pulse amplitude. While increasing the electron beam positive velocity causes a bit increase in the soliton amplitude. Moreover, we observed that the soliton profile is very sensitive to the plasma parameters like density and temperature. The calculated electric field using the current model and the measured electric field in the Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind is highlighted.
Treatment of efferent loop syndrome after pancreatoduodenectomy with a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent: A case report
Authors: Wu Jun , Chen Cui , Hu Bing
Published: July 2022

Efferent loop syndrome is a very rare complication following pancreatoduodenectomy. The treatment of efferent loop syndrome varies depending on the cause of the syndrome. Conservative treatment methods, including nasogastric drainage and enteral nutrition, are adopted that are effective in most of patients; however, surgical treatment is usually required in patients with complete loop obstruction. Herein, we report a case of severe efferent loop obstruction that occurred after pancreatoduodenectomy, which was refractory to conservative treatment and successfully resolved by insertion of a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent.
A critical review on extraction, characteristics, physicochemical activities, potential health benefits, and industrial applications of fucoidan
Authors: Du Bin , Zhao Qiancheng , Cheng Caihong , Wang Huiying , Liu Yanfei , Zhu Fengmei , Yang Yuedong
Published: July 2022

Fucoidan is a kind of sulfated polysaccharide that consists mainly of fucose and is found in marine brown alga. Fucoidan is a major bioactive compound in brown seaweeds known to have biological activities including anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antivirus, hypolipidemic, and immune‐modulating properties. Due to the adhesive property of fucoidan, it can increase endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation. An increasing number of investigations in the past few years have demonstrated the extraction process of fucoidan. However, the critical review of fucoidan in health benefits has been less explored. In this review, the recent advances of fucoidan were summarized. Moreover, the extraction and purification processes, the characterization of structure, as well as its physicochemical activities, biological activities, and industrial applications were discussed. This review will provide fundamental information for future investigation on controlling the structure, purity, and consistency of the fucoidan product.
Oral milrinone for management of refractory right ventricular failure in patients with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Akhtar Waqas , Butcher Charles , Morley‐Smith Andrew , Riesgo Gil Fernando , Dar Owais , Baston Veronica , Dunning John , Lyster Haifa
Published: July 2022

Aims

We present a single‐centre retrospective experience using oral milrinone in patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and concurrent refractory right ventricular failure.

Methods and results

All patients implanted with LVAD between January 2013 and July 2021 from a high‐volume advanced heart failure service were reviewed. Eight patients were initiated on oral milrinone during this period. Oral milrinone was started 1.5 [inter‐quartile range (IQR) 1–2.3] years after LVAD implantation and continued for 1.2 (IQR 0.5–2.8) years. Therapeutic milrinone levels were achieved (232.2 ± 153.4 ng/mL) with 62.4 ± 18% of time within the therapeutic range. Two patients had adverse events (non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation effectively treated by internal cardioverter defibrillator) but did not require milrinone discontinuation. Four deaths occurred, one after transplant and three from disease progression determined to be unrelated to oral milrinone use. Three patients continue oral milrinone therapy in the community. There was no significant difference found after the initiation of oral milrinone on any of the physiological measures; however, there were trends in reduction of New York Heart Association class from 3.4 ± 0.5 to 3.0 ± 0.8 (P = 0.08), reduction of right atrial/wedge pressure from 0.9 ± 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.2 (P = 0.08), and improvement of right ventricular stroke work index from 3.8 ± 2 to 5.8 ± 2.7 (P = 0.16).

Conclusions

Oral milrinone appears safe for long‐term use in the outpatient setting when combined with therapeutic monitoring in this complex medical cohort with limited management options. Further study is needed to ascertain whether this treatment is effective in reducing heart failure symptoms and admissions.
Catalytic oxidation of toluene over B‐site doped La‐based perovskite LaNixB1−xO3 (B = Co, Cu) catalysts
Authors: Qi Songya , Zhang Wanqi , Li Xiang , Wang Qing , Zhu Zerui , Zhou Ting , Wang Gaoxiang , Xie Aijuan , Luo Shiping
Published: July 2022

A series of LaNixB1−xO3 (B = Co, Cu) perovskite catalysts were prepared by sol–gel method and applied in toluene degradation. The effects of different calcination temperatures and time on the performance of perovskite catalysts for toluene were investigated. And the CO2 yield was also carried out on as‐prepared catalysts. The results showed that a small amount of Co‐doping in B site of LaNiO3 could significantly improve its toluene degradation, while the substitution of Ni with Cu could not effectively enhance its activity. When the Ni/Co molar ratio in LaNixCo1−xO3 perovskite was 3:1, LaNi0.75Co0.25O3 catalyst exhibited the best activity, and it showed relatively short time and low temperature (T90 = 225°C, T90, corresponding to 90% conversion) for toluene degradation. Therefore, LaNi0.75Co0.25O3 catalyst has a broad prospect in the degradation of volatile organic pollutants.
Enigmatic annular landform on a Miocene planar karst surface, Nullarbor Plain, Australia
Authors: Lipar Matej , Ferk Mateja , Šmuc Andrej , Barham Milo
Published: July 2022

The Nullarbor Plain is a ~200,000 km2planar karst surface in southern Australia, underlain by Cenozoic shallow‐water limestones. During the Miocene the area was uplifted, and although the plain is generally considered extremely flat, locally, the geomorphology of the Nullarbor Plain retains evidence of earth surface processes across a long, middle Miocene‐to‐present time span. The accessibility of the recent 0.4 arc‐second TanDEM‐X digital elevation model (DEM) by the German Aerospace Centre motivated the search for other possible fine‐scale landforms that would previously have been unresolvable. The analysis of DEM images revealed an enigmatic annular landform with an outer diameter between 1200 m and 1300 m. It consists of a circular elevated rim and a central dome. Its morphology is distinct from other landforms observed on the plain, and cannot be readily explained as a part of known active or inferred/expected processes on the plain (e.g., fluvial, aeolian, karst, tectonic or extra‐terrestrial impact processes).

More recent karst processes (dayas formation) overprinting the landform indicates the presence of the annular structure prior to dayas formation. A unique microbial boundstone facies sampled from the bed‐rock of the annular structure supports an interpretation of long‐lived, at least partial retention of a primary depositional structure. Differential carbonate deposition, especially bioherm growth, was a likely origin of the annular topographical expression of the present‐day landform and is comparable to biogenic structures in the modern day deeper Great Barrier Reef.
Carboxylation reactions for integrating CO2 capture with the production of renewable monomers
Authors: Faba Laura , Rapado Paula , Ordóñez Salvador
Published: July 2022

Research advances in carboxylation reactions using CO2 and light organic molecules of renewable origin are reviewed in this work, especially considering chemical catalytic approaches. Carboxylation, one of the most promising carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies, has a double environmental benefit, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by developing sustainable processes for commodity synthesis. The industrial interest is based on its potential use in the synthesis of biopolymer precursors from bioplatform molecules such as ethanol or furfural. Acrylic acid is obtained from ethylene (after ethanol dehydration), by a liquid phase reaction activated by organometallic catalysts. Promising yields are reported for different ligands and solvents, but a practical and sustainable implementation of these reactions is still challenging. On the other hand, the furoic acid carboxylation (furoic acid obtained by oxidation of furfural) is a solid‐gas reaction that produces 2,5furandicarboxylic acid in presence of alkaline carbonates. In this case, the economic feasibility is the main bottleneck to solve for scaling‐up, and efforts should be focused on substituting the most active alkaline carbonate (Cs) by more available alternatives. © 2022 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Uncovering neural distinctions and commodities between two creativity subsets: A meta‐analysis of fMRI studies in divergent thinking and insight using activation likelihood estimation
Authors: Kuang Changyi , Chen Jun , Chen Jiawen , Shi Yafei , Huang Huiyuan , Jiao Bingqing , Lin Qiwen , Rao Yuyang , Liu Wenting , Zhu Yunpeng , Mo Lei , Ma Lijun , Lin Jiabao
Published: July 2022

The dual‐process theory that two different systems of thought coexist in creative thinking has attracted considerable attention. In the field of creative thinking, divergent thinking (DT) is the ability to produce multiple solutions to open‐ended problems in a short time. It is mainly considered an associative and fast process. Meanwhile, insight, the new and unexpected comprehension of close‐ended problems, is frequently marked as a deliberate and time‐consuming thinking process requiring concentrated effort. Previous research has been dedicated to revealing their separate neural mechanisms, while few studies have compared their differences and similarities at the brain level. Therefore, the current study applied Activation Likelihood Estimation to decipher common and distinctive neural pathways that potentially underlie DT and insight. We selected 27 DT studies and 30 insight studies for retrospective meta‐analyses. Initially, two single analyses with follow‐up contrast and conjunction analyses were performed. The single analyses showed that DT mainly involved the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), cuneus, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG), while the precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), parahippocampal gyrus (PG), amygdala (AMG), and superior parietal lobe were engaged in insight. Compared to insight, DT mainly led to greater activation in the IPL, the crucial part of the default mode network. However, insight caused more significant activation in regions related to executive control functions and emotional responses, such as the IFG, MFG, PG, and AMG. Notably, the conjunction analysis detected no overlapped areas between DT and insight. These neural findings implicate that various neurocognitive circuits may support DT and insight.
Pandemics, infodemics and health promotion
Authors: White Becky , Phuong Lynette , Roach Jeremy , Teggelove Nikki , Wallace Hazel
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic and the accompanying infodemic are significant public health issues. The COVID‐19 infodemic has been prolific from early in the pandemic response, and has continued to escalate during vaccine rollout. COVID‐19 is the first pandemic in the social media era, expediting the need for effective measures to manage the high volume of information and misinformation. To address the infodemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) and others have commenced a comprehensive program of work, building capacity, raising awareness and developing new tools and methods. As part of the WHO capacity building effort, they have developed a comprehensive infodemic manager training program. The authors of this paper are Australian alumni from the first two training courses, all authors have health promotion backgrounds. Health Promotion Practitioners are uniquely positioned to build on existing skills, knowledge and reach to develop preventative strategies to help mitigate infodemics. This paper offers our combined perspectives on why the infodemic is a significant health promotion concern and the role we believe Health Promotion Practitioners can play in managing and mitigating the infodemic.
Increasing global temperatures threaten gains in maternal and newborn health in Africa: A review of impacts and an adaptation framework
Authors: Chersich Matthew F. , Scorgie Fiona , Filippi Veronique , Luchters Stanley ,   Climate Change and Heat‐Health Study Group
Published: July 2022

Anatomical, physiologic, and socio‐cultural changes during pregnancy and childbirth increase vulnerability of women and newborns to high ambient temperatures. Extreme heat can overwhelm thermoregulatory mechanisms in pregnant women, especially during labor, cause dehydration and endocrine dysfunction, and compromise placental function. Clinical sequelae include hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and stillbirth. High ambient temperatures increase rates of infections, and affect health worker performance and healthcare seeking. Rising temperatures with climate change and limited resources heighten concerns. We propose an adaptation framework containing four prongs. First, behavioral changes such as reducing workloads during pregnancy and using low‐cost water sprays. Second, health system interventions encompassing Early Warning Systems centered around existing community‐based outreach; heat‐health indicator tracking; water supplementation and monitoring for heat‐related conditions during labor. Building modifications, passive and active cooling systems, and nature‐based solutions can reduce temperatures in facilities. Lastly, structural interventions and climate financing are critical. The overall package of interventions, ideally selected following cost‐effectiveness and thermal modeling trade‐offs, needs to be co‐designed and co‐delivered with affected communities, and take advantage of existing maternal and child health platforms. Robust‐applied research will set the stage for programs across Africa that target pregnant women. Adequate research and climate financing are now urgent.
Effects of ridge planting on crop seedlings under saline water drip irrigation
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Kang Yaohu , Wan Shuqin , Li Dan
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was conducted in northwest China to study the effects of different irrigation water salinity levels on the emergence and growth of corn, sunflower, summer squash, and cowpea. Two tillage systems (flat and ridge planting) and five salinity levels (at 1.7, 4.0, 6.3, 8.6, and 10.9 dS/m) were tested. Compared with flat planting, the soil salinity within 30 cm horizontally from the drip tapes decreased by 15% in the ridge planting system. Ridge planting significantly improved the emergence and growth of crops, which was mainly manifested in higher emergence rates, reduced emergence time, and increased dry biomass, especially under high‐salinity conditions (electrical conductivity of irrigation water >4 dS/m). The electrolytic conductivity of the saturation extract threshold at which corn, sunflower, summer squash, and cowpea endured without reduced emergence rates was 5.8, 5.8, 4.8, and 4.0 dS/m, respectively. Above this threshold, the relative emergence rate decreased by 11%, 16%, 14%, and 20%, respectively. Our results indicate the agronomic benefits of ridge planting, and the soil environment was improved by ridge planting with saline water drip irrigation. In addition, we discuss the crop responses in terms of emergence rates and relative seedling dry biomass in relation to soil salinity. Suggestions for the secure and efficient use of saline water for irrigation in arid regions have been put forward.
Architecting rural smartness: A collaborative platform design for rural digital business ecosystem
Authors: Mukti Iqbal Yulizar , Firdausy Danniar Reza , Aldea Adina , Iacob Maria E.
Published: July 2022

The wide urban–rural economic gap, particularly in developing countries, has led to various problems. To lower the gap, the participation of rural communities in digital business ecosystems is being viewed as a promising approach. To this end, we use design science research methodology to present a reference architecture of a rural smartness platform that facilitates the emergence of a smarter business ecosystem. This ecosystem embodies the characteristics of rural smartness, which are empirically proven to have a strong positive impact on improving the rural economic climate. Evaluation by means of expert opinion, technical action research, and empirical research suggest that the proposed architecture effectively improves the rural economic climate and is feasible to be implemented in a real‐world setting. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the establishment of a digital business ecosystem for rural communities, particularly by proposing a solution resulting from a design science perspective that is backed by empirical evidence.