bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Trends, Themes and Social Structure of Zakat Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia, Muhamad Wahyudi  , Aidi Ahmi  ,   Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy Universiti Utara Malaysia 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia, Sri Herianingrum  ,   Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: August 2022

This study specifically examines the development of zakat research from the aspects of five bibliometric indicators: (1) current development of zakat research and its distribution; (2) topic areas and themes in zakat research; (3) main contributors of zakat research; (4) current collaboration pattern in zakat studies; and (5) most influential documents in zakat literature. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 405 scientific papers on zakat recorded in the Scopus database until 2021. Various tools have been used – Microsoft Excel for frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish for metrics and citation analysis. This study finds that the number of zakat literature has increased significantly and consistently over the last ten years. The fields of Social Science, Business, Management, Accounting, Economics, and Finance are areas where zakat literature often appears in and is based in countries in the US, Europe and Asia. English is used in most zakat literature, along with several other languages like Malay, Arabic, German, Indonesian, Slovak, and Turkish. Research results also indicate that the zakat literature is mainly found in the subject areas of economics, finance, management, and accounting. The use of keywords such as zakat, Malaysia, zakat institution, poverty alleviation, zakat distribution, zakat management, social welfare, education, efficiency, and human are widespread. This study also found that Malaysia, Indonesia, America, Saudi Arabia, and Britain have become the five countries that have played a major role in creating collaborative zakat research. The findings of this study provide important implications for improving the practice and reach of zakat globally.
Illegal immigration in the UK: causes and counteraction activities
Authors: Radzion Arina Olegovna , Grishina Natal'ya Rinatovna , Zamaraikina Lyubov' Nikolaevna
Published: August 2022

The subject of this study is statistical data related to the illegal immigration in the UK, as well as the opinion of scientists regarding the causes and consequences of these processes. The goal is to structure the available data, identify the correlation between events, identify causes and consequences, and indicate possible ways to solve the problem. Methods of statistical analysis, induction, and comparison are used in this work. The study used a systematic approach, which resulted in the following conclusions: the arrival of illegal migrants to the UK in most cases occurs through the La Manche Channel; among the positive consequences of an increase in the number of migrants are: an increase in unskilled labor, unpredictable economic growth in 2021; among the negative, we can note an increase in the number of crimes committed by non-citizens of the country, in comparison with the number of crimes committed by citizens. The novelty of the study is: the dynamics of migration in the period 2019-2021 are revealed; it was revealed that the increase in the dynamics of migration from Iran to the UK in the period 2019-2021 was associated with the pandemic of coronavirus infection, a drop in living standards in Iran and the socio-political situation in Afghanistan; it was found that the consequences of illegal migration for the UK were unpredictable economic growth in 2021, as well as an increase in the crime rate among non-citizens of the country.
Comparative linguistic analysis of translations of Chinese fairy tales
Authors: Meshcheryakova Sofya Dmitrievna
Published: August 2022

The study conducted a comparative linguistic analysis of the originals of Chinese fairy tales and their translations into Russian (a prerequisite was the presence of at least two interpretations of each fairy tale selected for analysis). The translations were compared not only with the original texts, but also with each other, in order to establish the strategies of translation activities and the methods of translation transformations used. The source base of the study was a collection of Chinese fairy tales by the famous Russian sinologist Boris Lvovich Riftin and a similar collection of fairy tales "Fairy Tales of the Middle Kingdom", translated and prepared for publication by the Seventh Book editorial office in 2012. Two strategies have been identified: forenization and domestication, as well as methods of generalization, addition, omission, transcription, compensation, and sentence division. It is established that in a number of cases translators changed or missed Chinese cultural symbols, a possible explanation for this phenomenon is proposed: poetization, modernization of meanings, emotionally expressive allocation of any significant element (emphase). In practice, it has been established how the era in which the translator lives and the culture leave an imprint on the translations of ancient foreign-language texts. The linguistic analysis of Chinese phraseological units found in fairy tales and their Russian-language analogues or semantic substitutions is carried out. It is analyzed how and why morally indifferent Chinese fairy tales were interpreted in the logic of the victory of good over evil. The results obtained can be used in the course of teaching the disciplines "Written translation (Chinese)", "Poetic translation of Chinese texts", as well as in research activities.
Principles of journalistic ethics in the publications of Spanish newspapers (on the example of "ABC", "El Pais", "El Mundo", "La Vanguardia")
Authors: Kuz'mich Stanislav Valer'evich
Published: August 2022

The subject of this study is the implementation of the principles of journalistic ethics in modern Spanish newspapers. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of compliance with journalistic ethics in the publications of the newspapers "ABC", "El Pais", "El Mundo", "La Vanguardia". The author notes that the greatest compliance with the principles of professional ethics is noted by readers of the newspaper "ABC". The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and includes the following methods: analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; content analysis of publications "ABC", "El Pais", "El Mundo", "La Vanguardia"; method of sociological questioning (mini-survey); method of statistical analysis; method of comparative analysis of the obtained results.   As a result of this study, we obtained the following results: the level of compliance with the principles of journalistic ethics of each newspaper was revealed based on the data obtained from a mini-survey among Spanish-speaking readers. The areas of application of the results can be such as "ethics of professional activity", "political journalism", "international journalism". The novelty of this study lies in the methodology proposed by the author for analyzing the level of compliance with the principles of journalistic ethics. The author of the article came to the following conclusions: modern Spanish newspapers are characterized by a high level of compliance with journalistic ethics, except for the newspaper "La Vanguardia" (average level according to readers).
Origin and development of primitive "porcelain" (proto-porcelain) in China
Authors: Xie Jixian
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the features of the development of Chinese primitive porcelain (proto-porcelain). The purpose of the article is to reveal the periodization of the development of Chinese porcelain in the early stages of its history and the influence of proto-porcelain on the so-called "mature" porcelain of later periods. Primitive porcelain, which is the transitional stage from earthenware to real porcelain, dates back to the era between the Shang Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty. The study was conducted using historical and comparative methods, as well as the method of formal stylistic analysis. It was important to determine the characteristics of primitive porcelain and to reveal its role in the development of the global art of folklore production. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it not only reveals the time frame for the production of primitive porcelain in China and determines its technological and chemical properties, but also points out the influence factors of primitive porcelain on the historical development of Chinese and world porcelain. It was revealed that the origin of primitive porcelain dates back to the 16th-11th centuries BC, its development took place in the XI-II centuries BC, and the end of the era of primitive porcelain refers to the II-III centuries BC. Primitive porcelain has evolved over nearly two millennia. Having reached its peak, the technology of its manufacture provided the technological basis for the creation of "mature" porcelain. The conclusion is made about the significant influence that primitive porcelain had on Chinese, and through it – on world porcelain, largely determining the formation of this significant phenomenon of material culture.
Long Days, Short Years
Authors: Bomback Andrew
Published: August 2022

How parenting became a verb, from Dr. Spock and June Cleaver to baby whispering and free-range kids.

When did “parenting” become a verb? Why is it so hard to parent, and so rife with the possibility of failure? Sitcom families of the past—the Cleavers, the Bradys, the Conners—didn't seem to lose any sleep over their parenting methods. Today, parents are likely to be up late, doomscrolling on parenting websites. In Long Days, Short Years, Andrew Bomback—physician, writer, and father of three young children—looks at why it can be so much fun to be a parent but, at the same time, so frustrating and difficult to parent. It's not a “how to” book (although Bomback has read plenty of these) but a “how come” book, investigating the emergence of an immersive, all-in approach to raising children that has made parenting a competitive (and often not very enjoyable) sport.

Drawing on parenting books, mommy blogs, and historical accounts of parental duties as well as novels, films, podcasts, television shows, and his own experiences as a parent, Bomback charts the cultural history of parenting as a skill to be mastered, from the laid-back Dr. Spock's 1950s childcare bible—in some years outsold only by the actual Bible—to the more rigid training schedules of Babywise. Along the way, he considers the high costs of commercialized parenting (from the babymoon on), the pressure on mothers to have it all (and do it all), scripted parenting as laid out in How to Talk So Kids Will Listen, parenting during a pandemic, and much more.
Soluble MAC is primarily released from MAC-resistant bacteria that potently convert complement component C5
Authors: Doorduijn Dennis J , Lukassen Marie V , van 't Wout Marije FL , Franc Vojtech , Ruyken Maartje , Bardoel Bart W , Heck Albert JR , Rooijakkers Suzan HM
Published: August 2022

The membrane attack complex (MAC or C5b-9) is an important effector of the immune system to kill invading microbes. MAC formation is initiated when complement enzymes on the bacterial surface convert complement component C5 into C5b. Although the MAC is a membrane-inserted complex, soluble forms of MAC (sMAC), or terminal complement complex (TCC), are often detected in sera of patients suffering from infections. Consequently, sMAC has been proposed as a biomarker, but it remains unclear when and how it is formed during infections. Here, we studied mechanisms of MAC formation on different Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and found that sMAC is primarily formed in human serum by bacteria resistant to MAC-dependent killing. Surprisingly, C5 was converted into C5b more potently by MAC-resistant compared to MAC-sensitiveEscherichia colistrains. In addition, we found that MAC precursors are released from the surface of MAC-resistant bacteria during MAC assembly. Although release of MAC precursors from bacteria induced lysis of bystander human erythrocytes, serum regulators vitronectin (Vn) and clusterin (Clu) can prevent this. Combining size exclusion chromatography with mass spectrometry profiling, we show that sMAC released from bacteria in serum is a heterogeneous mixture of complexes composed of C5b-8, up to three copies of C9 and multiple copies of Vn and Clu. Altogether, our data provide molecular insight into how sMAC is generated during bacterial infections. This fundamental knowledge could form the basis for exploring the use of sMAC as biomarker.
Incidence of hemoparasitic infections in cattle from central and northern Thailand
Authors: Koonyosying Pongpisid , Rittipornlertrak Amarin , Chomjit Paweena , Sangkakam Kanokwan , Muenthaisong Anucha , Nambooppha Boondarika , Srisawat Wanwisa , Apinda Nisachon , Singhla Tawatchai , Sthitmatee Nattawooti
Published: August 2022

Background

Hemoparasites, such as Babesia spp., Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp., can negatively affect the health of farm animals resulting in significant losses in production. These losses inherently affect the economics of the livestock industry. Since increases in the severity of vector-borne diseases in the southeast Asian region have been reported, investigations of parasitic epidemiology in Thailand will be necessary to improve the existing parasite control strategies for blood parasitic infections. This study aims to investigate incidences of bovine hemoparasites throughout central and northern Thailand by focusing on areas of high-density cattle populations.

Methods

Blood parasitic infections among cattle were screened and identified by microscopic examination. Anemia status was then determined by evaluation of the packed cell volume (PCV) of each animal. Furthermore, blood parasites were detected and identified by genus and species-specific primers through the polymerase chain reaction method. Amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing; thereafter, phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of the parasite in each area.

Results

A total of 1,066 blood samples were found to be positive for blood parasitic infections as follows: 13 (1.22%), 389 (36.50%), and 364 (34.15%) for Babesia bovis, Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale, respectively. Furthermore, multiple hemoparasitic infections in the cattle were detected. The hematocrit results revealed 161 hemoparasitic infected samples from 965 blood samples, all of which exhibiting indications of anemia with no significant differences. Sequence analysis of the identified isolates in this study revealed that B. bovis rap-1, four separate clades of T. orientalis msps, and A. marginale msp4 exhibited considerable sequence similarity to homologous sequences from isolates obtained from other countries. Sequence similarity ranged between 98.57–100%, 83.96–100%, and 97.60–100% for B. bovis rap-1, T. orientalis msps, and A. marginale msp4, respectively.

Conclusion

In this study, the analyzed incidence data of cattle hemoparasitic infection in Thailand has provided valuable and basic information for the adaptation of blood-borne parasitic infections control strategies. Moreover, the data obtained from this study would be useful for future effective parasitic disease prevention and surveillance among cattle.
Diagnostic Characterisation of Various Phenotypic Methods for Class-A Extended Spectrum of β-Lactamase among Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Diabetic Patients
Authors: Gupta Bhavana , Sharma Rajni , Garg Kapil
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa often causes nosocomial infection, especially in high risk group patients like diabetics. It shows a high degree of resistance to broad spectrum of antibiotics due to its high adaptabtibility in hospital settings, so their infections are difficult to treat. Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes confer resistance to most of the β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin, cephalosporins and monobactams. Aim: To identify ESBL producing strains among Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from diabetes patients using various phenotypic methods with their performance characteristics. Materials and Methods: An observational descriptive crosssectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, from April 2017 to March 2019. Various clinical samples received from diabetic patients were cultured and P. aeruginosa were identified as per standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. ESBL producing MDR P. aeruginosa was detected by using standard Epsilometer test (E test), Phenotypic Confirmatory Disc Diffusion Test (PCDDT) and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). Test characteristics sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated. Kappa coefficient was used to show diagnostic agreement between the tests. Results: A total 430 clinical samples were received from diabetic patients, out of 430, 72 (16.7%) P. aeruginosa were recovered. Multidrug resistance was exhibited by 34 isolates out of 72 P. aeruginosa strains. Out of 34 MDR strains, 10 (29.4%) were found ESBL producers by PCDDT, 9 (26.47%) by DDST while 10 (29.4%) were found positive by E test. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for PCDDT was found 90%, 95.8% and 94.1% respectively and ‘almost perfect agreement’ was observed with E test. Conclusion: Magnitude of multidrug resistant strains was found 47.22% among P. aeruginosa isolated from diabetic patients which is an alarming sign. The ESBLs were found in 29.4% isolates. So, screening of ESBLs with the use of simple test like PCDDT in Pseudomonas aeruginosa will direct us for treatment option of suitable antibiotic regimens in diabetic patients and to prevent the spread of drug resistant organisms in hospitals.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE LEITURA E ENSINO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO: UMA POSSÍVEL CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA O ENSINO DE LEITURA NA ESCOLA BÁSICA
Authors: Ferreira Irene De Marco , Machado Rosely Diniz da Silva
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tematiza a questão da leitura, ancorado em conceitos básicos da Análise do Discurso, de vertente francesa (AD), que subsidiam a compreensão sobre o modo como um objeto simbólico produz sentidos. Trataremos, portanto, de um procedimento capaz de analisar a historicidade contida na linguagem não para decodificar, mas expor o olhar do leitor à opacidade da língua, do texto, do discurso, conforme nos ensina o fundador dessa teoria, Michel Pêcheux. Desse modo, apresentamos alguns exemplos de análises, que demonstram práticas de leitura, com base nessa abordagem teórica. Enfim, buscamos propor a Análise de Discurso como teoria relevante na orientação de professores/as que trabalham a leitura na escola básica.
A PEDAGOGIA DE PAULO FREIRE: EXPERIÊNCIAS VIVENCIADAS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES(AS)
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Jeovane do , Lima Maria Socorro Lucena , Braga Maria Margarete Sampaio de Carvalho
Published: August 2022

O texto objetiva apresentar a análise das experiências pedagógicas vivenciadas no estágio de docência, junto à disciplina “A Pedagogia de Paulo Freire”, componente curricular optativo do curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade pública cearense. A epistemologia freireana se constitui, principalmente, através do diálogo e se efetiva em práticas educativas desenvolvidas nos espaços escolares e não escolares, perpassando a relação docente/discente, a formação continuada do(a) professor(a), a ação e reflexão docente, dentre outros. Infere-se que os princípios freireanos constituíram-se como elementos importantes na formação dos(as) futuros(as)(as) professores(as) e do estagiário de docência, delineando saberes que podem sem incorporados no repertório de conhecimentos e na prática pedagógica docente desses sujeitos.
PRECARIZAÇÃO E PRIVILÉGIO UMA ANÁLISE SEMIOLINGUÍSTICA DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DAS INSTITUIÇÕES FEDERAIS DE ENSINO NA MÍDIA NACIONAL
Authors: Abreu Diego Candido , Silva Marcos Vinicius Pontes
Published: August 2022

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar a representação das instituições federais de ensino no discurso midiático nacional contemporâneo. Para tanto, são analisados dois textos do gênero notícia publicados por veículos midiáticos de abrangência nacional, integrados a conglomerados de imprensa brasileiros. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa é a teoria da semiolinguística em sua reflexão sobre os modos de organização do discurso. As análises realizadas neste artigo flagram a emergência de tais procedimentos de natureza argumentativa nos dois textos escrutinados. Os resultados das análises evidenciam o caráter eminentemente retórico e argumentativo das notícias acerca das instituições federais de ensino, que têm sua representação orientada pelo projeto político neoliberal.
CRIAÇÃO E REPRESENTAÇÃO NUMA CRÔNICA DE GREGÓRIO DUVIVIER
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Souza de
Published: August 2022

O ensaio debate a criação de um pensamento crítico sobre a democracia brasileira, numa crônica de Gregório Duvivier. Desse modo, explora os conceitos de representação e criação literárias, através da figura do narrador na crônica. Propõe a crônica como lugar de pensamento político e criação artística, numa zona híbrida entre literatura e jornalismo opinativo. A discussão está embasada em conceitos de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari quanto à subjetividade e à criação artística. Enfrenta-se as teorias clássica de representação a partir de Jacques Rancière e Aristóteles.
MEMÓRIA COMO EXPRESSÃO ATÁVICA DO TERRITÓRIO EM ESPAÇO TERRESTRE, DE GILVAN LEMOS
Authors: Santos Anderson Felix , Holanda Lourival
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa a relação atávica entre memória e território no romance Espaço Terrestre, de Gilvan Lemos, baseado,  sobretudo, nas teorias de Glissant (2005) e Candau (2016). O objetivo foi verificar como as memórias dos personagens do grupo familiar dos Albanos se perpetuam ao longo do enredo e como se relacionam com a gênese da cidade ficcional de Sulidade. Como resultado, se constatou que a fundação da cidade é o mito norteador para a génese de uma memória atávica que se perpetuará juntamente com a memória familiar, pois nela viveram todos os membros, ascendentes e descendentes e nela construíram a história da estirpe
A Study on the Development of an Attitude Scale Towards Distance Education
Authors: COŞKUN Fatma , GÜLLEROĞLU Hamide Deniz
Published: August 2022

The overall aim of this study is to develop “an attitude scale towards distance education", the validity and reliability of which can be used to measure the attitudes of the teachers who have experienced distance education systems especially during the coronavirus pandemic. For this purpose, first of all, 20 teachers who worked actively in distance education systems during the emergency remote education period were asked to write an essay on their feelings and thoughts about distance education. Then, an item pool consisting of 69 items was created examining these essays written by the teachers and reviewing the relevant literature in detail, Next, these items were presented to the group consisting of assessment and evaluation experts and field experts, and a draft scale form with 29 items was prepared in line with the opinions of the experts. The data of the study were obtained from three different study groups. The data were collected from 250 participants for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), from 171 participants for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and from 45 participants for the reliability study. As a result of EFA, the scale structure consisting of 16 items and 3 subdimensions which explain 61% of the total variance and whose factor loading values range between 0.84 and 0.54 emerged. Then, CFA was applied to the 16 items that represent the dimensions of "being satisfied with distance education" (8 items), "being active in distance education" (4 items), and "adopting distance education" (4 items) obtained as a result of EFA. It was concluded that this structure was also confirmed according to the CFA fit indices (X2/sd=1.92, CFI=0.95, GFI=0.88, IFI=0.95, RMSEA=0.007). In the reliability analyses of the ATDES, it was observed that the Cronbach Alpha coefficient varied between 0.77 and 0.92 for the overall scale and its sub-dimensions, and the test-retest reliability ranged between 0.72 and 0.98. In conclusion, it is determined that the ATDES, developed within the scope of this study, is a valid and reliable attitude scale that can be used to measure teachers' attitudes towards distance education.
Understanding Flares in Patients With Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Documented in US Electronic Health Records
Authors: Zema Carla L. , Valdecantos Wendell C. , Weiss Jonathan , Krebs Blake , Menter Alan M.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Other than single-center case studies, little is known about generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) flares.

Objective

To assess GPP flares and their treatment, as well as differences between patients with and patients without flares documented in US electronic health records (EHRs).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with GPP (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revisioncode L40.1) identified in Optum deidentified EHR data between July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2020. The index GPP diagnosis was the first occurrence in the EHR, with no coded history of GPP for at least 6 months prior. Flare episodes were identified using an algorithm based on diagnosis coding, care setting, type of clinician, GPP disease terms, and flare terms and attributes in the EHR.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Flare episodes were characterized by the frequency of occurrence per patient, the care setting in which they were identified, the type of specialist managing the episode, associated symptoms, and the type of treatment before, during, and after the episode. Patients were divided into groups based on whether or not they had a flare episode documented in their EHR. Comparisons were made between the groups based on demographic characteristics, comorbidity burden, health care use, and treatments.

Results

Of 1535 patients with GPP (1018 women [66.3%]; mean [SD] age, 53.4 [14.7] years), 271 had 513 flares documented. Compared with patients without flares, patients with flares had a 34% higher mean (SD) Charlson Comorbidity Index score (2.80 [3.11] vs 2.09 [2.52]), were almost 3 times more likely to have inpatient visits (119 of 271 [44%] vs 194 of 1264 [15%]), were more than twice as likely to have emergency department (ED) visits (126 of 271 [47%] vs 299 of 1264 [24%]), and had higher use of almost all treatment classes. Flares were identified in outpatient (271 of 513 [53%]), inpatient (186 of 513 [36%]), and ED (48 of 513 [9%]) settings. The most common treatments during flares were topical corticosteroids (35% of episodes [178 of 513]), opioids (21% [106 of 513]), other oral treatments, (eg, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus; 13% [67 of 513]), and oral corticosteroids (11% [54 of 513]). Almost one-fourth of flare episodes (24% [122 of 513]) had no dermatologic treatment 30 days before, during, or 30 days after a flare episode.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study suggests that there is significant unmet need for the treatment of GPP and its flares, as evidenced by patients seeking treatment in inpatient and ED settings, as well as the lack of advanced treatments.
A Combinatorial Library of Biodegradable Lipid Nanoparticles Preferentially Deliver mRNA into Tumor Cells to Block Mutant RAS Signaling
Authors: Cai Weiqi , Luo Tianli , Chen Xianghan , Mao Lanqun , Wang Ming
Published: August 2022

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is an emerging class of biotherapeutics for vaccine development and genome editing. Efficacious delivery and control of mRNA functionality selectively to disease cells remains the major challenge in developing mRNA therapeutics. Herein, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐degradable lipid nanoparticles containing a thioketal (TK) moiety to deliver mRNA into cells are reported, selectively releasing mRNA in tumor cells for enhanced gene expression. By screening a library of parallelly synthesized ROS‐degradable lipids, it has been identified that BAmP‐TK‐12 delivers mRNA one‐fold more potent in tumor cells than in non‐cancerous cells. Furthermore, the delivery of mRNA encoding DUF5, a bacterial‐derived RAS protease using BAmP‐TK‐12 enables generic depletion of mutant RAS of tumor cells, showing a significantly improved antitumor effect than small molecule‐based RAS inhibitor. It has been believed that the strategy of tumor cell‐selective mRNA delivery using ROS‐degradable lipid nanoparticles can be expanded to the broad range of bacterial effectors for rewiring cancer cell signaling and developing advanced biotherapeutics.
A Bio‐Based Supramolecular Adhesive: Ultra‐High Adhesion Strengths at both Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures and Excellent Multi‐Reusability
Authors: Sun Peng , Mei Shan , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi
Published: August 2022

Developing high‐performance and reusable adhesives from renewable feedstocks is of significance to sustainable development, yet it still remains a formidable task. Herein, castor oil, melevodopa, and iron ions are used as building blocks to construct a novel bio‐based supramolecular adhesive (BSA) with outstanding adhesion performances. It is prepared through partial coordination between melevodopa functionalized castor oil and Fe3+ ions. Noncovalent interactions between adherends and the catechol unit from melevodopa contribute to reinforcing adhesion, and the metal‐ligand coordination between catechol and Fe3+ ions is utilized to strengthen cohesion. By combining strong adhesion and tough cohesion, the prepared BSA achieves an adhesion strength of 14.6 MPa at ambient temperature, a record‐high value among reported bio‐based adhesives as well as supramolecular adhesives to the best of knowledge. It also outperforms those adhesives at cryogenic temperature, realizing another record‐high adhesion strength of 9.5 MPa at −196 °C. In addition, the BSA displays excellent multi‐reusability with more than 87% of the original adhesion strength remaining even after reuse for ten times. It is highly anticipated that this line of research will provide a new insight into designing bio‐based adhesives with outstanding adhesion performances and excellent multi‐reusability.
Can tandem alternative splicing and evasion of premature termination codon surveillance contribute to attenuated Peutz–Jeghers syndrome?
Authors: Gazzaz Nour , Frost F. Graeme , Alderman Emily , Richmond Phillip A. , Dalmann Joshua , Lin Susan , Salman Areesha , Del Bel Kate L. , Lehman Anna , Turvey Stuart E. , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Cherukuri Praveen F.
Published: August 2022

Alternative use of short distance tandem sites such as NAGNnAG are a common mechanism of alternative splicing; however, single nucleotide variants are rarely reported as likely to generate or to disrupt tandem splice sites. We identify a pathogenic intron 5 STK11 variant (NM_000455.4:c.[735‐6A>G];[=]) segregating with the mucocutaneous features but not the hamartomatous polyps of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome in two individuals. By RNAseq analysis of peripheral blood mRNA, this variant was shown to generate a novel and preferentially used tandem proximal splice acceptor (AAGTGAAG). The variant transcript (NM_000455.4:c.734_734 + 1insTGAAG), which encodes a frameshift (p.[Tyr246Glufs*43]) constituted 36%–43% of STK11 transcripts suggesting partial escape from nonsense mediated mRNA decay and translation of a truncated protein. A review of the ClinVar database identified other similar variants. We suggest that nucleotide changes creating or disrupting tandem alternative splice sites are a pertinent disease mechanism and require contextualization for clinical reporting. Additionally, we hypothesize that some pathogenic STK11 variants cause an attenuated phenotype.
Recommendations to address key recruitment challenges of Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Authors: Langbaum Jessica B. , Zissimopoulos Julie , Au Rhoda , Bose Niranjan , Edgar Chris J. , Ehrenberg Evan , Fillit Howard , Hill Carl V. , Hughes Lynne , Irizarry Michael , Kremen Sarah , Lakdawalla Darius , Lynn Nancy , Malzbender Kristina , Maruyama Tetsuyuki , Massett Holly A. , Patel Deep , Peneva Desi , Reiman Eric M. , Romero Klaus , Routledge Carol , Weiner Michael W. , Weninger Stacie , Aisen Paul S.
Published: August 2022

Clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are slower to enroll study participants, take longer to complete, and are more expensive than trials in most other therapeutic areas. The recruitment and retention of a large number of qualified, diverse volunteers to participate in clinical research studies remain among the key barriers to the successful completion of AD clinical trials. An advisory panel of experts from academia, patient‐advocacy organizations, philanthropy, non‐profit, government, and industry convened in 2020 to assess the critical challenges facing recruitment in Alzheimer's clinical trials and develop a set of recommendations to overcome them. This paper briefly reviews existing challenges in AD clinical research and discusses the feasibility and implications of the panel's recommendations for actionable and inclusive solutions to accelerate the development of novel therapies for AD.
Heterozygous NOTCH1 Variants Cause CNS Immune Activation and Microangiopathy
Authors: Helman Guy , Zarekiani Parand , Tromp Samantha A.M. , Andrews Ashley , Botto Lorenzo D. , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Chassevent Anna , Giorgio Elisa , Pippucci Tommaso , Wei Shen , Smith‐Hicks Constance , Vaula Giovanna , Willemsen Michèl A.A.P , Schimmel Mareike , Vollert Kurt , Shimizu Fumitaka , Kanda Takashi , Lynch Matthew , Roscioli Tony , Taft Ryan J. , Simons Cas , Bugiani Marianna , Kuijpers Taco W. , van der Knaap Marjo S.
Published: August 2022

NOTCH1 belongs to the NOTCH family of proteins that regulate cell fate and inflammatory responses. Somatic and germline NOTCH1 variants have been implicated in cancer, Adams‐Oliver syndrome, and cardiovascular defects. We describe 7 unrelated patients grouped by the presence of leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and heterozygous de novo gain‐of‐function variants in NOTCH1. Immunologic profiling showed upregulated CSF IP‐10, a cytokine secreted downstream of NOTCH1 signaling. Autopsy revealed extensive leukoencephalopathy and microangiopathy with vascular calcifications. This evidence implicates that heterozygous gain‐of‐function variants in NOTCH1 lead to a chronic central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response resulting in a calcifying microangiopathy with leukoencephalopathy. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:895–901
Atomically Dispersed Indium‐Copper Dual‐Metal Active Sites Promoting C−C Coupling for CO2 Photoreduction to Ethanol
Authors: Shi Hainan , Wang Haozhi , Zhou Yichen , Li Jiahui , Zhai Panlong , Li Xiangyang , Gurzadyan Gagik G. , Hou Jungang , Yang Hong , Guo Xinwen
Published: August 2022

Photoreduction of CO2 to C2+ solar fuel is a promising carbon‐neutral technology for renewable energy. This strategy is challenged by its low productivity due to low efficiency in multielectron utilization and slow C−C coupling kinetics. This work reports a dual‐metal photocatalyst consisting of atomically dispersed indium and copper anchored on polymeric carbon nitride (InCu/PCN), on which the photoreduction of CO2 delivered an excellent ethanol production rate of 28.5 μmol g−1 h−1 with a high selectivity of 92 %. Coupled experimental investigation and DFT calculations reveal the following mechanisms underpinning the high performance of this catalyst. Essentially, the In−Cu interaction enhances the charge separation by accelerating charge transfer from PCN to the metal sites. Indium also transfers electrons to neighboring copper via Cu−N−In bridges, increasing the electron density of copper active sites. Furthermore, In−Cu dual‐metal sites promote the adsorption of *CO intermediates and lower the energy barrier of C−C coupling.
The Origin of High‐Voltage Stability in Single‐Crystal Layered Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Sun Jianming , Cao Xin , Yang Huijun , He Ping , Dato Michael A. , Cabana Jordi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: August 2022

Compared with the polycrystal (PC) Ni‐rich cathode materials, the single‐crystal (SC) counterpart displayed excellent structural stability, high reversible capacity and limited voltage decay during cycling, which received great attention from academics and industry. However, the origin of fascinating high‐voltage stability within SC is poorly understood yet. Herein, we tracked the evolution of phase transitions, in which the destructive volume change and H3 phase formation presented in PC, are effectively suppressed in SC when cycling at a high cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V, further clarifying the origin of high‐voltage stability in SC cathode. Moreover, SC electrode displayed crack‐free morphology, and excellent electrochemical stability during long‐term cycling, whereas PC suffered severe capacity and voltage fade because of the spinel‐like phase, decoding the failure mechanisms of PC and SC during cycling at high cut‐off voltages. This finding provides universal insights into high‐voltage stability and failure mechanisms of layered Ni‐rich cathode materials.
Polyurethane (PU) based multifunctional materials: Emerging paradigm for functional textiles, smart, and biomedical applications
Authors: Sikdar Partha , Dip Tanvir Mahady , Dhar Avik K. , Bhattacharjee Maitry , Hoque Md. Saiful , Ali Solaiman Bin
Published: August 2022

The advances in polymer chemistry research have revolutionized the field of smart materials and biomedical. Polyurethanes (PUs) are a versatile polymer class with diverse structure, morphology, and behavior under various conditions deemed suitable for many functional and intelligent responses. Owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, excellent mechanical strength, tailorable chemical, and physical forms, PU has drawn significant research attention in recent times for a wide range of applications. Herein, this review paper outlines PU's recent advances in specific applications encompassing functional textiles, intelligent functionality and medical usage. This article contains a comprehensive review of recent developments and research works concerning PU's direct involvement as coatings, 3D objects, or composite parts to add novel purpose to the textile substrates, smart objects, or medical applications. Commencing with PU's application for the waterproof breathable textiles, the review further explores recent research where PU was incorporated as a phase change material and protective clothing. This review further delves innovative functionalities and responsiveness of the polymer triggered by various stimuli. It ends with an inclusive review of PU's different forms of application concerning medical devices and activities. Finally, perspectives on future challenges and new research opportunities are also presented and discussed.
Wet continuous mixing technique based on full formula of carbon black
Authors: Sui Yanjun , Lai Qingxiang , Nie Wanfu , Tang Shaoshu , Wang Chuasheng , Bian Huiguang
Published: August 2022

Mixing is the most important production process in rubber production and processing. Essentially, mixing is the technique of uniformly dispersing fillers and small materials in raw rubber, which directly determines the performance and durability of rubber products. This study focuses on overcoming the limitations of the batch mixing technique by combining the wet mixing and continuous mixing techniques, such that their advantages complement each other. In addition, this paper proposes a full formula wet mixing technique, wherein wet continuous mixing used full formula of carbon black to resolve the issue of carbon black flying, which occurs due to the small size of carbon black particles and causes pollution in the air and harmful effects in humans. Based on experimental datasets, it can be inferred that there is desirable mutual synergy between the full formula wet process and the continuous mixing technique, which can simplify the process of adding small materials during the mixing process and improve the quality of mixed rubber as well as promote continuous rubber production. Furthermore, the basic physical properties such as tensile and tear and dynamic mechanical properties of the produced rubber are significantly improved compared with those of the rubber produced by conventional mixing.
Twenty years on: The rationale and use of the clinical cross‐sectional orientation in neuroanatomy
Authors: Champney Thomas H.
Published: August 2022

Twenty years ago, it was noted that with the advent of computed tomography (CT), the orientation of neuroanatomy should change. Radiologists had standardized the clinical cross‐sectional view to indicate an inferior view with posterior at the bottom of the field. This is in contrast with the neuroanatomical cross‐sectional view with posterior at the top of the field. For the past 10 years, the author has taught all of the anatomical disciplines including neuroanatomy to more than 2000 students using only the clinical view. This makes learning easier for the students by keeping all of their cross‐sectional views in the same orientation including clinical, radiological, anatomical, embryological, and neuroanatomical. There have been no adverse effects associated with the use of the clinical orientation and there appears to be no valid reason for maintaining the older, nonclinical orientation in contemporary health‐care education.
Association between dietary intake of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer in the Japanese population: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Kato Ayako , Okada Chika , Eshak Ehab S. , Iso Hiroyasu , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   the JACC Study Group
Published: August 2022

Background

Epidemiological studies of the dietary intake of specific n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and anatomical subsite‐specific colorectal cancer (CRC) are limited. We examined the prospective associations of total n‐3 PUFA, marine‐derived n‐3 PUFA [combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], and alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) as plant‐derived n‐3 PUFA with the risk of CRC by subsite in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

Methods

The participants completed a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire and had no prior history of CRC. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the associations between n‐3 PUFAs intake and CRC risk overall and by anatomical subsite.

Results

During the median 13.8‐year follow‐up period, 699 of the 42,536 participants aged 40–79 years developed incident CRC. An inverse association was found between dietary ALA intake and the risk of distal colon cancer; the multivariable hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the highest quartiles (Q4) were 0.41 (0.21–0.81; p trend = 0.01) compared with the lowest quartiles (Q1). Marine n‐3 PUFA intake was not associated with CRC risk in the overall or anatomical subsite‐specific analyses.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that higher ALA intake may be beneficial for lowering the risk of distal colon cancer.
Nitrogen Forms Modify Growth Response and Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements by Wheat Genotypes in Nickel‐Contaminated Soil
Authors: Sabir Muhammad , Usman Sumia , Saifullah  , Bibi Sadia , Ahmad Hamaad Raza , Nazar Saima , Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman
Published: August 2022

The effect of nitrogen (N) forms on growth and accumulation of nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) by wheat genotypes viz. Lasani‐2008 and Sahar‐2006 is investigated. Genotypes are grown in Ni‐contaminated soil with different N forms viz. urea, NH4–N, mixed N (NH4–NO3), and NO3–N. Lasani‐2008 produces maximum shoot dry weight (SDW) with NO3–N while Sahar‐2006 produces maximum SDW with NH4–N. Lasani‐2008 has higher SDW (24%), greenness index (7%), photosynthetic rate (18%), and transpiration rate (29%) compared to Sahar‐2006. This genotype accumulates more N with mixed N (NH4–NO3) and NH4–N and has 47% higher remediation factor. Lasani‐2008 contains 43% more Ni and maximum Zn in roots with NH4–N while minimum with NO3–N. Lasani‐2008 accumulates Ni and Zn more in shoots while Sahar‐2006 retains more Ni in roots. Sahar‐2006 contains 16% higher Mn in shoot compared to Lasani‐2008. Manganese is maximum with NO3–N followed by urea in roots. It is concluded that genotypes differ for Ni accumulation in response to N forms. Lasani‐2008 proves effective for remediation of Ni‐contaminated soils while Sahar‐2006 can be a good choice for restricting the entry of potentially toxic elements into food chain.
F‐SWIR: Rumor Fick‐spreading model considering fusion information decay in social networks
Authors: Li Weimin , Wei Dingmei , Zhou Xiaokang , Li Shaohua , Jin Qun
Published: August 2022

The spread of rumors has a major negative impact on social stability. Traditional rumor spreading models are mostly based on infectious disease models and do not consider the influence of individual differences and the network structure on rumor spreading. In this paper, we propose a rumor Fick‐spreading model that integrates information decay in social networks. The dissemination of rumors in social networks is random and uncertain and is affected by the dissemination capabilities of individuals and the network environment. The rumor Fick‐transition coefficient and Fick‐transition gradient are defined to determine the influence of the individual transition capacity and the network environment on rumor propagation, respectively. The Fick‐state transition probability is used to describe the probability of change of an individual's state. Moreover, an information decay function is defined to characterize the self‐healing probability of individuals. According to the different roles and reactions of users during rumor dissemination, the user state and the rumor dissemination rules among users are refined, and the influence of the network structure on the rumor dissemination is ascertained. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other rumor spread models.
Biocompatible Porphyrin‐Peptide Conjugates as Theranostic Agents Targeting the Epstein‐Barr Virus
Authors: Li Xiong , Xie Chen , Zha Shuai , Tam Wing Sze , Jiang Mingjun , Wong Ka‐Leung
Published: August 2022

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a common human‐infected virus related to many diseases and cancers. Recently, some peptides have been found to serve targeting and therapeutic roles by inhibiting EBNA1, an oncoprotein of the EBV. We herein report the conjugation of the EBNA1‐targeting peptides and porphyrins which can bring synergistic effects by both introducing more specific treatments (photodynamic therapy) and improving the biocompatibility of the photosensitizer and the peptides. One of our compounds exhibited significant photo‐cytotoxicity where the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50)=6.1 μM in EBV‐positive cells. Besides, in vitro cell imaging and co‐staining can also be achieved simultaneously and suggested the binding inside nucleus.