bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ornithine decarboxylase levels in the rectal mucosa of patients with colonic neoplasia
Authors: Koo Harry B. , Sigurdson Elin R. , Daly John M. , Berenson Mark , Groshen Susan , Decosse Jerome J.
Published: February 2007

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in biopsy specimens of normalappearing rectal mucosa was measured in 15 control patients, 5 patients with colon adenomas, and 11 patients with colon cancer. While women had significantly higher ODC activity than men, ODC activity was increased regardless of gender in the rectal mucosal biopsies of patients with benign or malignant colonic neoplasia compared with those of controls. The positive predictive value of ODC activity for remote colonic neoplasia was 61 % for women and 91 % for men. The results provide a rationale for long‐term studies of ODC activity in rectal mucosa as a biological marker of high risk for large bowel neoplasia.
A role for topical 5‐fluorouracil therapy in melanoma
Authors: Ryan Robert F. , Krementz Edward T. , Litwin Martin S.
Published: February 2007

Topical 5‐fluorouracil (Efudex®) has been shown to be of great value in the treatment of skin cancers, Marjolin ulcers, and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and esophagus. It has been advocated for use on patients with melanocytic dysplasia and lentigo maligna melanoma. This report confirms the use of topical 5‐FU for lentigo maligna melanoma and melanocytic dysplasia. In melanomas with poor prognosis, preoperative treatment with topical 5‐FU converts the cellular infiltrate from acute inflammatory cells to round cells which have been shown to be T‐cells. We believe this preoperative stimulation of the patients' own immune reaction to the tumor may be of great significance in improving the surgical results for melanomas with a poor prognosis.
Nerve sheath tumors of the sciatic nerve and sacral plexus
Authors: Benzel Edward C. , Morris Don M. , Fowler Marjorie R.
Published: February 2007

Eight patients with sciatic nerve and sacral plexus nerve sheath tumors, seen at Louisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport, are presented. These cases illustrate the broad spectrum of pathology and modes of presentation of patients with nerve sheath tumors in this region. Patients can be divided into 4 groups. Group I includes subgluteal and/or thigh lesions with a well‐defined mass on CT. Group II patients have neuroforaminal enlargement (defined by CT) and usually have radicular leg pain. Patients in group III have intrapelvic tumors with extension into the thigh.They usually have a poorly defined mass on CT. Group IV includes patients that have an intrapelvic mass (usually well defined) with radicular leg pain and/or mass effect.

CT scanning proved to be the diagnostic procedure of choice. It delineated the location and extent of the tumor and thus was important in determining resectability. The variable course of these tumors is emphasized. A conservative nonoperative approach should be considered in asymptomatic and/or neurologically stable patients.
Angiosarcoma of the breast: Long‐term survival following adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Rosner Dutzu
Published: February 2007

The present study represents the first attempt of treating primary angiosarcoma of the breast with adjuvant vinblastine sulfate (Velban) resulting in long‐term survival with no evidence of disease in two patients. The rationale for using Velban as adjuvant therapy was based primarily on a prior study where the intratumoral administration of Velban into a large fungating recurrent angiosarcoma lesion resulted in eradication of tumor and also on the recognized responses of Kaposi's sarcoma to intralesional or systemic Velban administration. Patients received Velban at a dose of 4 mg/week for 15 and 12 months postoperatively. Both patients remain disease free at 12 and 10 years, respectively. Our data suggest that adjuvant therapy with Velban appears to alter significantly the clinical course of angiosarcoma of the breast.
In vivo determinations of labelling index of metastatic colorectal carcinoma and normal colonic mucosa using intravenous infusions of bromodeoxyuridine
Authors: Khan S. , Raza A. , Petrelli N. , Mittleman A.
Published: February 2007

In vivo determination of the labelling index of metastatic colon carcinoma was performed in 14 patients following intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), at doses of 100 and 50 mg/M2. No toxicity was seen. Labelled cells were detected by an immunohistochemical technique using a monoclonal antibody to BrdU. Labelling was uniform and highly specific with good preservation of morphology. Labelling index values ranged from 15.0–40.6% for metastatic lesions and 3.6%–20% for normal colonic mucosa, with mean values of 24% and 11%, respectively. This represents a useful new method for in vivo labelling index determination in solid tumors.
Concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm and malignant disease: A difficult management problem
Authors: Morris Don M. , Colquitt John
Published: February 2007

Medical records of 158 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms seen between 1972 and 1984 were reviewed. Twenty patients, or 12.6%, had a histologically proven malignant neoplasm in addition to their aneurysm. The mean age of patients with cancer was 69 yr and for those without cancer, 68 yr. The most common cancers in this study were prostate, colorectal, and lung. Patients were placed in five categories according to the chronological presentation of the malignancy in relation to the aneurysm. Our study indicated that the incidence of malignant disease associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms is increasing. Absolute indications for operation initially on the aneurysm are the presence of symptoms or rupture. Absolute indications for operation initially on the malignancy are complications from the presence of the tumor such as hemorrhage, perforation, or obstruction. The type and stage of the cancer are major factors in determining operative treatment and priorities.
Ataxia telangiectasia and acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Mock Charles , Coleman George , Ree John H. , Abuelo Dianne N. , Crowley James P.
Published: February 2007

An increased incidence of malignancies occurs in ataxia telangiectasia. These are most frequently hematopoietic in children and epithelial in adults. Both cellular immunodeficiency and chromosome damage have been implicated in their etiology. There has been only one report of a salivary malignancy, a parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma. We describe a second salivary malignancy, a metastasizing acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, that developed in a 33‐yr‐old woman with ataxia telangiectasia. The marked chromosomal abnormalities that were present may have been involved in the pathogenesis of her tumor.
Plasma ultrafiltration as successful therapy of rabbit VX‐2 carcinoma
Authors: Snyder L. M. , Kar R. , Wile Alan G.
Published: February 2007

It has been demonstrated that tumor‐bearing animals elaborate a low molecular weight ( < 10,000 daltons) factor capable of inhibiting in vitro lymphocyte function. It was postulated that removal of this factor would have a favorable effect on host immune response that would translate into improved tumor control. A study was conducted in rabbits bearing the VX‐2 carcinoma. Ultrafiltration (UF) was performed 10 days following IV tumor inoculation. UF was achieved by passing blood through an Amicon Diafilter® (molecular weight cutoff 10 kD) positioned between the arterial and venous cannulae after heparinization. Two plasma volumes of ultrafiltrate were removed with continuous saline replacement. Two groups of animals received the nonspecific immunoadjuvant, Detox, at time of therapy. Survival in the UF group (N = 9) was compared to untreated tumor‐bearing animals (N = 10), sham‐operated animals (N = 6), animals receiving Detox (N = 7), and animals receiving UF plus Detox (N = 6). UF imparted a survival advantage when compared to controls (mean 35 days vs. 25 days, P <.01). The sham group had survival identical to controls. Detox alone conferred minimal survival advantage (mean 29 days, P >.05). However, UF + Detox demonstrated maximal survival benefit (mean 40 days, P <.01). We conclude that UF is an effective anticancer modality in this preclinical model. This study suggests that efforts aimed at eliminating suppressor molecules in cancer patients may be of benefit, especially when combined with biological response modifiers such as Detox.
Combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and bleomycin for advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer: A phase II study
Authors: Gonzalez‐Vela Jose L. , Panasci Lawrence , Black Martin , Pollak Michael , Margolese Richard
Published: February 2007

Carboplatin is a platinum analogue with activity reported in head and neck cancer. We conducted a phase II trial with 14 patients who had recurrent head and neck cancer. They were treated with carboplatin 300 mg/m2 intravenously (I.V.) and bleomycin 30 units I.V. every 4 weeks. No responses were observed in this group of patients. Dose intensity of carboplatin administration may be an important determinant of response.
Amplification of the c‐myc proto‐oncogene in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Baker Vicki V. , Hatch Kenneth D. , Shingleton Hugh M.
Published: February 2007

Amplification without structural rearrangements of the c‐myc proto‐onco‐gene was found in 14 of 44 primary cervical neoplasms. There was no apparent correlation with stage of disease or degree of cellular differentiation. The prognostic significance of c‐myc amplification cannot be determined from this study.
Cystosarcoma phyllodes metastatic to the mandible
Authors: Abemayor Elliot , Nast Cynthia C. , Kessler David J.
Published: February 2007

Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast appears to encompass a diverse group of tumors with variable clinical behaviors. Although the tumor can behave in a malignant fashion, metastases to the head and neck region are distinctly uncommon. A case is presented of a solitary metastasis to the mandible appearing 1 year after mastectomy and in the absence of widespread disease. The metastatic potential of this neoplasm is discussed and involvement of the head and neck region is reviewed.
Glucagonoma presenting as morbid obesity
Authors: Martin Franklin M. , Hamilton William , Dons Robert , Cashell Allan W. , Ghosh Bimal C.
Published: February 2007

A case is described that represents the only reported patient with glucagonoma syndrome and morbid obesity. The diagnosis of glucagonoma should be considered in any patient with the classic criteria despite weight gain. The criteria for diagnosis of glucagonoma are 1) the presence of a glucagon‐secrcting tumor, 2) hyperglucagonemia, and 3) the clinical manifestations of either necrolytic migratory erythema, glucose intolerance, or hypoaminoacidemia.
Needle localization in occult breast lesions
Authors: Landstrom Jerone , Osgood Geoffrey , Young Shun C.
Published: February 2007

A series of 211 women underwent 211 preoperative needle localizations of nonpalpable breast lesions. All mammographic, operative, and pathological data were reviewed. Carcinoma occurred in 10%. Seventeen (81%) were invasive, and four (19%) were noninvasive. Forty‐three percent of the cancers were minimal carcinoma (in situ or an invasive cancer measuring less than 5 mm in size with negative axillary nodes), and 48% were less than 1 cm. Overall, metastasis to axillary lymph nodes occurred in 10%. The mammographic findings of microcalcifications occurred in 81 % of the malignant group and in 33% of the benign group. The combination of microcalcifications in association with an irregular density was only found in the malignant group. We conclude that 1) needle localization enables the early detection of stage I breast carcinoma and 2) the mammographic findings of microcalcifications in association with an irregular density occur only with malignancy in this series.
Surgical salvage for recurrent “early” glottic cancers
Authors: Maipang Tanaphon , Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao , Chen Tah Y.
Published: February 2007

A 25‐year retrospective study of 143 early (T1 and T2 NO) glottic cancer patients was done to determine the recurrence rate following initial radiation therapy, the surgical salvage rate, and incidence of cervical lymph node metastases. Radiation therapy gave a 5‐year cure rate of 78% for stage I and 57% for stage II. Total laryngectomy for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma had a 5‐year salvage rate of 66% for stage I and 61 % for stage II recurrent tumors. The overall 5‐year cure rate with initial and second therapy for stage I and stage II glottic cancers was 93% and 83%, respectively.
Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the esophagus
Authors: Geboes K. , de Vos R. , Lomami‐Luakabanga B. , Van Aken E. , Lerut T. , Desmet V. , Vantrappen G.
Published: February 2007

A 59‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital for dysphagia and fever. Esophagogram and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a polypoid mass in the midesophagus. Subtotal esophagectomy, cervical esophagogastrostomy, and lymph node dissection were performed. The histological diagnosis of the tumor was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. An area of severe epithelial dysplasia was found in the esophageal mucosa 3 cm under the tumor.
Retrovesical squamous cell carcinoma associated with toxoplasmosis: Diagnostic images, serum detection of SCC‐antigen, and successful treatment by M‐VAC regimen
Authors: Tada Koji , Takeuchi Toshimi , Tanaka Takuji , Iwata Hideki , Kanematsu Minoru , Kuriyama Manabu , Ban Yoshihito , Kawada Yukimichi
Published: February 2007

A case of retrovesical squamous cell carcinoma associated with acquired toxoplasmosis is presented. To date only six cases with retrovesical carcinoma have been reported in the literature. Although it is difficult to make a preoperative diagnosis of this rare neoplasm, transrectal longitudinal ultrasonography was diagnostically valuable, and serial measurements of serum squamous cell antigen (SCC‐Ag) were useful for monitoring the clinical course.
Multiple primary cancers in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Kotwall C. , Razack M. S. , Sako K. , Rao U.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective review of 832 patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck between 1961 and 1985 was carried out to determine the incidence of multiple primary cancers (MPC) at the time of autopsy and the number who died of the second cancer. The overall risk of developing a second MPC of the head and neck, lung, or esophagus from treatment of first head and neck cancer to time of autopsy was 4.04% per year.
Assessment of serial carcinoembryonic antigen: Determinations to monitor the therapeutic progress and prognosis of metastatic liver disease treated by regional chemotherapy
Authors: Quentmeier A. , Schlag P. , Hohenberger P. , Schwarz V. , Abel U.
Published: February 2007

It is difficult, time‐consuming, and expensive to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of regional chemotherapy of metastatic liver disease by means of imaging procedures. Therefore it was the aim of this study to find out whether serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations yield reliable data on the therapeutic progress and the individual prognosis of these patients. Since there exists no generally accepted modality to assess CEA curves of patients receiving chemotherapy, we developed our own criterion and tested it in a group of 35 patients. For each patient an individual reference level (CEA‐x̄) was fixed which was obtained as the arithmetical mean of serial CEA values taken during the first three courses of chemotherapy (reference time). On the basis of CEA‐x̄ the marker curves of the 35 patients could be divided into two groups. After the reference time the CEA values of group 1 (12 patients) never decreased below CEA‐x̄. Survival of these patients was significantly (P= 0.00001) shorter than that of the 23 patients (group 2) who showed a decrease in their CEA curves below CEA‐x̄ after the reference time. Beyond this it could be observed that the improvement in survival was significantly greater in those patients who showed a CEA decrease below CEA‐x̄ for a prolonged period (3 months). This difference in prognosis is not an artefact due to different pretherapeutic conditions but is a sign of different responses to therapy. The decrease in CEA values below the individual reference level (CEA‐x̄) is a certain sign of the efficacy of the chosen chemotherapy. A continuous rise of the CEA curve above CEA‐x̄ signifies an ineffective intrahepatic chemotherapy or extrahepatic tumor manifestation. In this case an intensive diagnostic workup of the patient and possibly a modification of the therapy are indicated.
Diagnosis and treatment of giant cell tumor in the thoracic spine
Authors: Yan Shang‐Cheng , Xu Qi‐Ming , Lin Jing‐Rong
Published: February 2007

A 23‐year‐old woman with incomplete paralysis was operated upon for a giant cell tumor in the thoracic spine. X‐ray films revealed a destruction lesion in the vertebral body of the 12th thoracic vertebra. On the plain thoracic computed tomography scan, the finding was a soap‐bubble appearance with a linear high density area in the mass lesion which destroyed the vertebral body. Preoperative angiography showed no apparent feeding artery to the tumor tissue; preoperative myelography showed incomplete block at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. A radical operation was carried out in one stage via a combined antero‐posterior approach. In order to give radiotherapy immediately after operation, a vascular pedicled rib graft was made. This paper discusses the role of thoracic computed tomography scan in the diagnosis of giant cell tumor and the surgical techniques used in treatment.
Myxoid liposarcoma of the spermatic cord
Authors: McFadden David W.
Published: February 2007

The clinical and pathological features of one new and eight previously reported myxoid liposarcomas of paratesticular origin were reviewed. This kind of tumor was seen in an older population (average age 64 years), most of whom had scrotal masses of long duration (average 3.3 years). The tumors are large, usually painless, and are frequently misdiagnosed as hydroceles or inguinal hernias. All patients were treated by radical inguinal orchiectomy and are alive with follow‐ups of 1‐9 years.
Squamous metaplasia with Hashimoto's thyroiditis presenting as a thyroid nodule
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro , Okamoto Shigeru , Maruyama Hirohide , Okamura Jun , Takai Shin‐Ichiro , Mori Takesada
Published: February 2007

A 59‐year‐old Japanese female presented a well‐limited and movable thyroid nodule. Histologically, the nodule consisted of clusters of squamous cells surrounded by dense connective tissue in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The squamous cells were well arranged and showed no mitotic figures. We therefore interpreted this nodule as being squamous metaplasia with Hashimoto's thyroiditis rather than squamous carcinoma of the thyroid. There are no previous reports in the literature of nodular formation of squamous metaplasia in the thyroid.
Enhanced detection of preinvasive breast cancer: Combined role of mammography and needle localization biopsy
Authors: Molloy Mark , Azarow Kenneth , Garcia Victor F. , Daniel James R.
Published: February 2007

Several recent reports have described an increase in the incidence of preinvasive carcinoma of the breast. To determine the incidence of preinvasive breast cancer at our institution, the results of 469 consecutive outpatient breast biopsies performed at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between July 1, 1985, and January 1, 1987, were reviewed. During this time period, 256 biopsies were performed on palpable masses, and 213 needle localization biopsies were performed on mammographically suspicious lesions. The overall incidence of cancer was 15.4%. Needle localization biopsies yielded a diagnosis of cancer in 17.8% of cases, as did 13.3% of biopsies performed on palpable masses. Eight of 38 (21.1%) carcinomas identified by mammography were preinvasive at the time of diagnosis. Only one of 34 (2.9%) cancers identified because of a breast mass was preinvasive. We conclude that screening mammography is an invaluable tool for the detection of preinvasive carcinoma of the breast and that the increased use of mammography will result in an increase in the incidence of detection of this lesion.
Surgical treatment of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung: A histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Ishida Teruyoshi , Nishino Toyohiko , Oka Takeshi , Yasumoto Kosei , Sugimachi Keizo , Hara Nobuyuki , Ohta Mitsuo
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐three patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated surgically, and immunohistochemistry of the cell differentiations was examined in detail. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 38% and the rates in patients with stage I or stage III were 57% and 11%, respectively (P<0.05). Survival rates in patients with the oat cell type and intermediate type were 24% and 44%, respectively, but with no significant difference. This carcinoma seemed to originate from primitive multipotential stem cells, i.e., those of a neuroendocrine or epithelial nature. Histochemically and immunohistochemically, argyrophilic granules and neuron‐specific enolase, neuroendocrine markers, were detected more frequently in the oat cell type rather than in the intermediate type. In contrast, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial origin markers, were present more frequently in the intermediate type than in oat cell type. However, the difference was significant only in case of detection of argyrophilic granules and the carcinoembryonic antigen (P<0.05). Our current recommendation is that surgical resection should be done in the earlier stage in both subtypes. A more favorable prognosis can be expected when adjuvant chemotherapy is prescribed.
Determinants of survival in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Chang Alfred E. , Steinberg Seth M. , Culnane Mary , White Donald E.
Published: February 2007

Prognostic indicators in 67 patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases were analyzed. These patients were identified to have isolated hepatic metastases after extensive radiological evaluation and demonstrated good performance status without evidence of liver failure. Univariate analysis revealed 6 of 22 factors that were associated with survival: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), occult intra‐ab‐dominal extrahepatic disease, percent hepatic replacement by tumor (PHR), sex, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A multivariate analysis identified two independent factors that jointly influenced survival: AP and PHR. Patients with an AP >175 U/liter had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with AP ⩾ 175 U/liter (P= 0.0001). Patients with PHR II or III (25–75%, >75%) also had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with PHR 1 (<25%;P= 0.0074). Our patient population is typical of that being entered into trials examining experimental therapies. Alkaline phosphatase and extent of liver involvement by tumor are significant prognostic indicators that should be accounted for in such studies.
Evaluation of partial hepatectomy for primary liver carcinoma
Authors: Li Guo‐Hui , Zhu Shao‐Li , Li Jin‐Qing , Zhan Yu‐Qing
Published: February 2007

From 1964 to 1985, 120 cases of primary liver carcinoma had undergone hepatectomy in our hospital. Seven of these cases underwent hepatic lobectomy, 28 cases had palliative hepatic resection, and 85 cases had partial hepatectomy. We introduced different surgical modes and compared the mortality, survival rates, and complications between the hepatic lobectomy and partial hepatectomy groups. The mortality rates of these two groups were 14.3 and 3.5%, respectively, and the 1, 3, and 5 year survival rates were 83.3, 33.3, and 16.7 and 68.8, 48.1, and 20%, respectively. In the palliative hepatectomy group (28 cases), ten cases received combined radiotherapy postoperation. Most of these cases died during the first year postoperation. Primary liver cancer in Asia is commonly associated with hepatic cirrhosis. We suggest that partial hepatectomy is suitable for such patients. The results of the present series showed that the outcomes of the hepatic lobectomy and partial hepatectomy groups did not differ, but in partial hepatectomy, the operative mortality and complications were reduced, bleeding minimized, and operation time also shortened.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: Clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ishida Teruyoshi , Nishino Toyohiko , Oka Takeshi , Yasumoto Kosei , Sugimachi Keizo , Hara Nobuyuki , Ohta Mitsuo
Published: February 2007

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree in five patients was treated surgically and the clinicopathologic manifestations and histogenesis were examined in detail. Symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and atelectasis on chest X‐ray were present in four patients, and the other patient was asymptomatic. Histologically, growth patterns were classified as tubular, cribriform, and solid. The solid pattern was the most aggressive with extensive perineural invasion. Immunohistochemically, secretory component, lactoferrin, and epithelial membrane antigen were present in the cells lining the gland‐like lumen of tissues with the tubular and cribriform patterns, but was rare in those with a solid pattern. Desmin and S‐100 protein were detected in the nonlining cells of tissues with all three patterns. These findings suggest that this tumor originates from the myoepithelial cells of the bronchial gland and that the solid pattern was the most poorly differentiated form.
Surgery in patients with unsuspected pheochromocytomas
Authors: Feldman Jerome M.
Published: February 2007

In four of the 37 patients operated on for a pheochromocytoma in the last 12 years at Duke Medical Center, the tumor was unsuspected. The first of the four patients had stable blood pressure and pulse during the operative and postoperative period. Although the second patient was thought to have a normal response to surgery, in retrospect her blood pressure showed significant variation. In contrast, the other two patients had wide variations in blood pressure and pulse during the operative and postoperative period. Electron microscopy of the tumor demonstrated numerous densecore neurosecretory granules suggestive of pheochromocytoma in all four patients. In three of the patients in which measurements could be made, there was a high concentration of norepinephrine (NE) in the tumors that was diagnostic of a pheochromocytoma. Although tissue from the fourth patient was not available for biochemical analysis, his urine and blood tests as well as his ultimate demise from the tumor confirmed that he had a malignant pheochromocytoma. Based on a negative chromaffin reaction‐which might be anticipated in a NE‐containing pheochromocytoma‐one of the patients with the smooth operative course was incorrectly diagnosed as an adrenocortical adenoma. We conclude that although patients with unrecognized pheochromocytomas do not inevitably have wide swings in blood pressure during surgery, this cannot be predicted in a given patient. Thus one should carefully evaluate all patients with suspicious retroperitoneal or intraabdominal masses for possible pheochromocytomas prior to resection of the masses.
The relationship between cholecystectomy and colon cancer: An Iowa study
Authors: Lee Shiong S. , Cha Stephen , Lee Richard L.
Published: February 2007

The relationship between cholecystectomy and subsequent development of colon cancer was investigated in a case‐control study of 165 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon. These patients were from a community in Iowa where incidence of colon cancer was considered to be higher than average in the United States.

The relative risk of developing colon cancer after cholecystectomy was shown to be 2.11 (P = .009) for the entire series and 2.91 (P = .002) for the female group. There was a difference of frequency in developing colon cancer after cholecystectomy between the right‐and left‐sided colons; the relative risk of the right versus the left colon cancer was 2.31 (P = .019). The other factors, including blood group, red cell indices, obesity, serum cholesterol, colonic diverticula, and co‐existence of hyperplastic or adenomatous polyp disclosed no significant relation to colon cancer developed after cholecystectomy.
Effect of local hyperthermia on lymph immune cells and lymphokines of normal human skin
Authors: Olszewski Waldemar L. , Grzelak Irena , Ziolkowska Anna , Engeset Arnfinn
Published: February 2007

The effects of 3 h lasting local hyperthermia on immune cell traffic through the normal human skin to afferent lymphatics, cell phenotypes, responsiveness, and stimulatory properties were studied in eight men. Cells were harvested from lymph drained from foot skin. Heating the skin in a water bath of 44°C (skin temperature 2 mm under the surface 39°C) evoked an augmented traffic of mononuclear cells to lymph with preponderance of large, macrophage‐like, Ia‐positive cells, among them Langerhans cells. Lymphocytes obtained from the heated skin lymph revealed in culture increased spontaneous blastic transformation rate, augmented responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and enhanced PHA‐presenting properties to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells. An increased stimulatory activity on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was also observed. Lymph from heated skin augmented the PBM responsiveness to PHA and showed increased interleukin‐1‐like activity. Local heating of the skin is a potent signal initiating augmented traffic, and enhanced responsiveness and stimulatory activity of “passenger” immune cells. Their rapid nonspecific activation makes them indiscriminately active against a wide range of antigens before the specific response is developed.
Treatment selection for base of tongue carcinoma
Authors: Hintz Brace L. , Robert Kagan A. , Wollin Myron , Rao Aroor R. , Ryoo Monica C. , Nussbaum Herman , Rowland John
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐two previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue were retrospectively analyzed. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage distribution was I‐3, II‐7, III‐24, and IV‐28. The choice of treatment was nonrandomized. The local control was 10/18 with high‐dose preoperative radiation, 17/30 with external beam radiation only, and 4/14 with external beam plus interstitial implantation. The median survival for the three treatment regimens were 63, 51, and 13 months, respectively. Preoperative radiation is suggested for tumors with inferior (laryngeal) spread or those with extensive superior extension (to tonsillar fossa and beyond). For centrally placed lesions in the base of the tongue (with or without lateral hypopharyngeal wall spread), radiation alone is recommended. An interstitial implantation should be restricted to lesions equal to or less than 4 × 3 × 2.5 cm3. Since this insertion is technically more demanding than for tumors of the mobile tongue, they should be performed by the more experienced brachytherapist.
Splenic rupture in leukemia
Authors: Canady Michael R. , Welling Richard E. , Strobel Stephen L.
Published: February 2007

We present a review of the incidence, differential diagnoses, mechanism of rupture, laboratory findings, and signs and symptoms of splenic rupture in leukemia. The types of leukemia most often associated with ruptured spleen are described. The treatment of splenic rupture in leukemia is splenectomy, with careful evaluation of the need for transfusion with appropriate blood products. The issue of whether such cases should be referred to as “pathologic” or “spontaneous” is discussed. Indications for prophylactic splenectomy in leukemia are also addressed.
Chemotesting of prostate cancer in xenografts
Authors: Byard Mark A. , Smith Jeffrey J. , Drago Joseph R.
Published: February 2007

The subrenal capsule assay in the Nb rat, a rapid in vivo chemosensitivity assay, was used to evaluate human prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue. Pathologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma tissue from six patients, stages B2 to D1, was surgically implanted and grown for 7 days. The rats received chemotherapy on days 1–5. Effects were determined from tumor volume measurements and showed that Adriamycin (doxorubicin) was the most effective agent in three of six of the tumors. Two of the tumors responded to cisplatin and one to methotrexate.
Natural history and treatment of mucosal melanoma
Authors: McKinnon J. Gregory , Kokal William A. , Neifeld James P. , Kay Saul
Published: February 2007

Forty‐three patients with primary mucosal melanomas seen between 1960 and 1987 were reviewed. There were 17 patients with tumors arising from the head and neck, 17 from the vulva and/or vagina, 8 from the anorectum, and 1 from the esophagus. Twenty‐one patients were resected with curative intent. In patients with head and neck tumors, local recurrence was the initial cause of failure in the majority of cases, whereas with tumors arising from the anorectum, vulva, and vagina, systemic recurrence was more common. There were four long‐term survivors, and three of these had melanomas less than 1 mm thick with negative regional lymph nodes; no patients with mucosal melanoma less than 1 mm thick developed recurrent disease. Overall, actuarial survival was 64% after 1 year and 23% after 5 years. Mucosal melanoma has a poor prognosis, and adequate resectional surgery affords the only chance of long‐term survival.
Completely obstructive colorectal cancer
Authors: Kaufman Zvi , Eiltch Eli , Dinbar Alex
Published: February 2007

Forty‐five patients with obstructing carcinoma of the colon and rectum were compared with 176 patients with nonobstructing tumor diagnosed over a 10‐year period. The age and sex distribution did not differ between the two groups. The site of greatest risk for obstruction was the splenic flexure and descending colon (50%); median survival in these patients was one‐half that for other sites. In the obstructed group no patient had Dukes' stage A vs. 9.6% in the nonobstructed patients, and 22% of the obstructed patients had Dukes' D vs. 14% of the nonobstructed patients. The 5‐year survival in Dukes' A was 82%, while no survivors were found for Dukes' D. The crude 5‐year survival rate was 22.4% in the obstructed patients and 49.1% in the nonobstructed patients; in‐hospital mortality was 22.4% and 6.8%, respectively, and the adjusted actuarial survival was 39% vs. 64%, respectively. Curative resection was performed in 68% of the obstructed and 83% of the nonobstructed patients. The adjusted actuarial 5‐year survival rates for these patients were 53% and 76%, respectively. The criteria for the tumor grade tested in this study, which included differentiation of the tumor cells, size, and the presence of perforation, did not influence the survival. Twenty‐one patients underwent primary resection, 15 had stage resection, and 9 had diversion procedures. The in‐hospital mortality rates were 35% for primary resection and diversion procedures and 7% for stage resection. The crude 5‐year survival was 32% for primary resection, 42% for stage resection (not statistically significant), and 0 for diversion procedures. The poor prognosis for the obstructed patients in our study was mainly related to 1) high in‐hospital mortality, 2) the lower rate of curative resection, 3) unequal distribution of the tumor site, and 4) to a small extent, the difference in Dukes' stage.
Local recurrence after curative resection of rectal cancer: A comparison of low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection
Authors: Vlasak Jerry W. , Wagner Donald , Passaro Edward , Wilson Samuel E.
Published: February 2007

Local recurrence rates after either low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection were compared in 109 patients undergoing curative surgery for adenocarcinoma of the rectum between 1979 and 1984. Follow‐up information was available for 99 patients (91%). The overall recurrence rate was 19%; ten recurrences (26.3%) for low anterior resections and nine (14.7%) for abdominoperineal resections. (P < .08). Recurrences were confirmed by biopsy or at reoperation. No significant difference in size of the lesion was evident at initial resection (average largest dimension 4.8 cm for low anterior and 5.5 cm for abdominoperineal resection). The average time to recurrence after resection was 18 months (16.5 months in the low anterior group vs. 19 months in the abdominoperineal group). Mean survival after recurrence was shorter for the abdominoperineal (3.4 months) as compared to the low anterior group (9.5 months) (P = .10). The overall median survival was 21 months (range 0–75 months) in both groups, and 38 patients were alive. Risk factors for recurrence were Dukes C lesions in patients who had a low anterior resection (8/18 or 44% recurrence) and poor histologic differentiation in patients who had either operation (3/6 or 50% recurrence).
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Some aspects to improve long‐term survival
Authors: Zhou Xin‐Da , Tang Zhao‐You , Yu Ye‐Qin , Ma Zeng‐Chen , Yang Bing‐Hui , Lu Ji‐Zhen , Lin Zhi‐Ying
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐six patients surviving over 5 years after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are investigated. Of them, subclinical stage amounted to 56.1% (37/66) and moderate stage to 43.9% (29/66). There were 35 cases with small HCC (⩽ 5 cm). Cirrhosis was present in 81.1% (54/66). Radical resection was performed in 98.5% (65/66) and palliative resection in 1.5% (1/66). Reoperation for subclinical recurrence and solitary pulmonary metastasis was done in 14 patients, and sequential resection of huge tumors, in three patients. By the end of June 1988, follow‐up varied from 60 to 319 months (mean, 115 months); 80.3% of the patients (53/66) are still alive and free of disease; 19.7% (13/66) died with disease. The majority of long‐term survivors have returned to their original work; some young patients got married after resection of small HCC 10 years ago, and some can even play football again. Some aspects to improve long‐term survival are discussed.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in four histologic cell types of lung cancer
Authors: Kaseda Shizuka , Ueda Masakazu , Ozawa Soji , Ishihara Tsuneo , Abe Osahiko , Shimizu Nobuyoshi
Published: February 2007

Lung cancer tissues from 68 patients were examined for epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor levels and EGF receptor gene copy numbers. Histologic cell types of these lung cancer tissues included squamous‐cell carcinoma (n = 30), adenocarcinoma (n = 28), large‐cell carcinoma (n = 4), and small‐cell carcinoma (n = 6). Tissues of squamous‐cell carcinoma exhibited exceptionally high 125I‐EGF binding activity, and those of small‐cell carcinoma showed no EGF binding activity. Southern blot hybridization analysis revealed EGF receptor gene amplification in the squamous‐cell carcinomas with high EGF binding activity. The EGF receptor levels in squamous‐cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas were compared with their pathological staging grouping and pathological findings, including degree of differentiation, diameter of tumor, and lymph node metastasis. However, unlike previous reports on breast and bladder cancers, there was no obvious correlation between these pathological characteristics and the EGF receptor levels of lung cancer.
Advances in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer: Flow cytometry, intravesical bacillus calmette‐guerin, and systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Badalament Robert A. , Drago Joseph R.
Published: February 2007

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bladder cancer include flow cytometry, intravesical bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG), and systemic chemotherapy. Once the subjects of clinical research protocols, these modalities are currently being incorporated into the general management of patients with bladder cancer. Flow cytometry, intravesical BCG, and systemic chemotherapy will be individually reviewed and their role in the management of patients with bladder cancer will be discussed.
Azo‐dye‐induced primary hepatoma and a gradual increase in thermosensitivity
Authors: Kusumoto Tetsuya , Maehara Yoshihiko , Sakaguchi Yoshihisa , Kusumoto Hiroki , Sugimachi Keizo
Published: February 2007

To determine whether or not the cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia are directed primarily to malignant cells, we examined changes in thermosensitivity during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, as induced by 3′‐methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′‐Me‐DAB). The findings were compared with those in livers of rats fed a commercial diet. The cell viability was determined using the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. The succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity of liver cells, when exposed to heat (43°C) for 2, 5, or 10 hr, decreased in a time‐dependent manner, in each tissue. The decrease in SD activity was evident in 3′‐Me‐DAB liver for 5 hr of heat treatment on day 57, compared with findings in the normal liver. Significant differences were present for 2, 5, and 10 hr on days 93 and 136. Thus a chemically induced hepatoma is more sensitive to heat than are the normal cells. As this thermosensitivity gradually increased during the hepatocarcinogenesis, the malignant cells are particularly vulnerable to hyperthermia.
Squamous cell carcinoma with cyst of the thyroid
Authors: Harada Tanekazu , Katagiri Makoto , Tsukayama Chotatsu , Higashi Yasuto , Shimaoka Katsutaro
Published: February 2007

Two cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma associated with a thyroid cyst in the thyroid are described. The majority of squamous cell carcinomas reported so far have had some degree of co‐existing adenocarcinoma, while the cases presented in this report had no glandular component at all. The histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is not clear, but at present, it is believed that most cases arise from the follicular epithelium. In our cases, in spite of an intensive examination of serially sectioned specimens, no areas of adenocarcinoma, squamous metaplasia from the follicular epithelium, or congenital squamous remnants could be found.
Role of gastroenterostomy in the palliative surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jacobs P. P. M. , van der Sluis R. F. , Wobbes T.
Published: February 2007

The records of 72 consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated between 1974 and 1986 were evaluated to determine whether gastroenterostomy should be performed on a routine basis at initial intervention or on a therapeutic basis. Fourteen patients underwent an explorative laparotomy, 41 patients underwent biliary bypass, and 17 patients required biliary bypass and therapeutic gastroenterostomy at initial laparotomy. The mortality and morbidity rates in this last group were 18 and 59%, respectively. The most common complication was delayed gastric emptying (29%). Of the 37% of patients who required gastroenterostomy after initial biliary bypass, the mortality rate was 50% and delayed gastric emptying occurred in 57%. The mean survival after biliary bypass was 9.4 months while survival after therapeutic gastroenterostomy averaged 4.2 months. These findings suggest that gastroenterostomy should be performed on a prophylactic basis at initial intervention, unless a limited survival is expected.
Colon ornithine decarboxylase activity following standard endoscopy preparation regimens
Authors: Love Richard R. , Verma Ajit K. , Surawicz Tanya S. , Morrissey John F.
Published: February 2007

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the formation of putrescine from ornithine, which is the first step in the pathway of mammalian polyamine biosynthesis. Tissue activity levels of ODC have been suggested to be a marker of risk for colorectal cancer in hereditary polyposis and in adenoma formers. We analyzed ODC activity in rectal and sigmoid colon mucosal biopsies obtained at 10 cm and at 30 cm in 40 healthy, colon cancer risk factor‐free adults following three endoscopic preparation regimens: (1) no special preparation; (2) two phosphate enemas; and (3) “Colyte” lavage preparation 12 hr previously. Levels of ODC, measured in fresh tissue, were approximately twofold higher for enema preparation vs. no preparation (for log‐transformed data: sigmoid, P < 0.0001; rectum, P = 0.0001) and for enema preparation vs. lavage (sigmoid, P = 0.0002; rectum, P = 0.008). Lavage and no preparation ODC levels were not significantly different. ODC activity levels ranged from 0.00 to 352.96 pmol/mg/hr.
Intussusception anastomosis of the esophagus: A new method of anastomosis after resection of esophageal or cardiac carcinoma
Authors: Zhi Hui‐Xian , Ma Jin‐Shan , Wang Shou‐Yi , Cao Jing‐Feng , Han Xiao‐Cun , Zhou Fu‐You , Shi Xiao‐Tian , Mei Ping
Published: February 2007

A new method of anastomosis after resection of esophageal or cardiac carcinoma was carried out in 141 patients in Anyang Cancer Hospital from February 1983 to September 1985. After resection of the tumor, the proximal end of the esophagus was intussuscepted into the stomach lumen and extroversion sutures were applied on the esophageal mucosa to prevent bleeding and stenosis. In this series, the operative mortality was 0.7% (1/141) and no anastomotic leakage was found. We consider that this modified operative procedure is fairly easy, simple, and beneficial in reducing surgical complications.
Seven years experience with hyperthermic perfusions in extracorporeal circulation for melanoma of the extremities
Authors: Santinami Mario , Belli Filiberto , Cascinelli Natale , Rovini Dario , Vaglini Maurizio
Published: February 2007

One hundred forty patients affected by high risk or locally advanced melanoma of the extremities were submitted to hyperthermic perfusion in extracorporeal circulation at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy. Using adequate temperature and drug dosage, we increased survival of stage IIIA patients from 8‐15% to 51% and stage IIIAB patients from 7‐8% to 35%, and good local control was achieved in stage IV patients. A comparison was made with 297 patients with similar disease treated in a previous period in this institute with conventional therapies such as surgery with or without chemotherapy. In stage IIIA patients we obtained 51% overall survival at 5 years in perfused cases, whereas survival in the series with conventional treatment reached 16%. Similarly, in stage IIIAB patients we observed 34% (perfused) versus 16% (conventional treatment) survival. There are still no data available for high‐risk stage I, in which perfusion is employed as an adjuvant treatment.
Isolated breast metastases from gastrointestinal carcinomas: Report of two cases
Authors: Alexander H. Richard , Turnbull Alan D. , Rosen Paul Peter
Published: February 2007

Two patients with metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in the breast are reported. Metastases in the breast are usually painless upper outer quadrant masses. On mammography they are typically well‐circumscribed lesions without microcalcifications. A breast mass in a patient with a history of cancer, even if clinically or mammographically benign, should raise suspicion of a metastasis. Pathological features include a histologic pattern similar to the primary neoplasm and an absence of in situ carcinoma which characterizes primary breast cancer. Surgical excision for local control and systematic therapy is the most appropriate treatment.