bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderating Effect of Financial Literacy on Relationship between Anchoring and Investment Decision among SMEs in Nairobi County
Authors: Barno Leah Jemutai , Cheboi Josephat , Muganda Catherine
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Moderating effect of Financial Literacy on Relationship between Anchoring and   Investment Decision among SMEs in Nairobi County. The study was premised on the regrets theory. Methods/materials: The positivism paradigm was deployed. The study adopts an explanatory research design. The target population was 102,821 firm owners. A sample of 383 respondents was selected using the stratified random sampling technique. Multiple hierarchical linear regression models were used to establish moderating effects of financial literacy. Findings: Anchoring factors positively influenced investment decision (β = 0.173, p < 0.05). The study also found that financial literacy moderates the relationship anchoring and investment decisions (β = .92, p > 0.05, ∆R2 = .07). Conclusion/Practical implication; Anchoring enhance investment decisions among the small and medium enterprise. In addition, high financial literacy improves the relationship between anchoring behaviour and investment decisions among SMEs. This would enhance better decision investment decisions improving the financial performance of the SMEs.
Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Pengetahuan Ibu Terhadap Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Di Puskesmas Panambungan Makassar Tahun 2020
Authors: Susanto Yoan Putri Praditia , Harini Harini
Published: March 2021

ASI Eksklusif (Air Susu Ibu) adalah pemberian ASI pada bayi hanya diberi ASI saja, sejak usia 30 menit post natal (setelah lahir) sampai usia 6 bulan, tanpa tambahan cairan lain seperti: susu formula, sari buah, air putih, madu, air teh, dan tanpa tambahan makanan padat seperti buah-buahan, biskuit, bubur susu, bubur nasi dan nasi tim. Berdasarkan Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018, ASI Eksklusif di Sulawesi Selatan pada Pada tahun 2016 sebesar 38,5% sedangkan cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada tahun 2017 sebesar 75,45% akan tetapi mengalami penurunan sebesar 73,56% di tahun 2018. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan ibu terhadap pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Puskesmas Panambungan Makassar, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analitik dengan melakukan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 66 orang ibu yang memberikan ASI Eksklusif dengan menggunakan tehnik total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan baik dan memberikan Asi Eksklusif kepada bayinya sebanyak 25 orang (18,5%) dengan hasil uji chi-square nilai p = 0,003 (p < α). Sedangkan untuk tingkat  pendidikan diperoleh hasil bahwa  ibu yang memiliki pendidikan tinggi dan memberikan Asi Eksklusif kepada bayinya sebanyak 26 orang (20,2%) dengan hasil uji chi-square nilai p = 0,006 (p < α)
Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Remaja Terhadap Kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Di Desa Kampung Beru Kecamatan Polongbangkeng Utara Kabupaten Takalar Tahun 2020
Authors: Arifuddin Asyima , Nikrawati Nikra
Published: March 2021

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) sekumpulan gejala yang terjadi pada wanita sebelum mengalami mentsruasi, yang ditandai dengan gejala berupa nyeri pada payudara dan perubahaan mood. Hal ini dapat dicegah dan ditangani. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja terhadap kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara Total Sampling dengan metode analitik  dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri terhadap kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 59 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 59 orang dengan diperoleh variable pengetahuan remaja putri p=0,037 < α=0,05, artinya ada hubungan pengetahuan remaja putri terhadap kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) dan pada variable sikap remaja putri didapatkan hasil p=0,015 < α=0,05, artinya ada hubungan sikap remaja putri terhadap kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) di Desa Kampung Beru, Kecamatan Polongbangkeng Utara, Kabupaten Takalar, Tahun 2020. Saran perlunya sosialisasi petugas kesehatan terhadap remaja putri dengan melakukan penyuluhan mengenai Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) agar remaja putri lebih mengetahui cara menangani dan mencegah terjadinya Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Hubungan Pengetahuan Terhadap Kejadian Disminorea Pada Mahasiswa Baru Akbid Pelamonia Makassar Tahun 2020
Authors: Ruqaiyah Ruqaiyah , Marwati Marwati
Published: March 2021

Disminorea adalah nyeri yang dirasakan wanita pada saat menstruasi. Berdasarkan Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan tahun 2018, angka kejadian disminorea cukup tinggi yaitu tingkat nyeri ringan sebesar 57,7%. Nyeri sedang 38,5% dan nyeri berat sebesar 3,8%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa banyaknya remaja putri yang mengalami disminorea. (Dinkes Sulsel, 2018). Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui hubungan pengetahuan terhadap kejadian disminorea pada mahasiswa baru AKBID pelamonia makassar tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan terhadap kejadian disminorea pada mahasiswa baru AKBID pelamonia makassar tahun 2020 dengan jumlah populasi dan sampel ssebanyak 114 orang dengan menggunakan tehnik Total Sampling. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh ada Hubungan Pengetahuan Terhadap Kejadian Disminorea Pada Mahasiswa Baru AKBID Pelamonia Makassar tahun 2020 dengan nilai p=0,045<α=0,05, sehingga disarankan penelitian berikutnya dapat melanjutkan menggunakan variabel lain seperti aktivitas fisik, pola makan, tingkat stress terhadap kejadian disminorea pada remaja.
Hubungan Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi Suntikan 3 Bulan Dengan Gangguan Menstruasi Di Puskesmas Panambungan Makassar Tahun 2020
Authors: Irwan Hadriani
Published: March 2021

Cara kerja suntikan 3 bulan diantaranya mencegah ovulasi, mengentalkan lendir serviks sehingga menurunkan kemampuan penetrasi sperma, menjadikan selaput lendir rahim tipis dan atrofi, menghambat transportasi gamet oleh tuba, gangguan haid, Gangguan menstruasi merupakan istilah yang merujuk pada kelainan dalam siklus mentruasi. Kelainan ini sangat bervariasi, mulai dari pendarahan berlebihan, nyeri hebat saat menstruasi, kacaunya siklus menstruasi, atau bahkan tidak haid sama sekali Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi KB suntikan 3 bulan terhadap gangguan menstruasi pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan tehnik pengambilan sampel dengan cara total sampling dengan jenis penelitian analitik Cross Sectional Study untuk mengetahui hubungan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi KB suntik 3 bulan dengan gangguan menstruasi pada akseptor KB di Puskesmas Panmbungan dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 106 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 106 orang dengan hasil penelitian diperoleh variabel pengetahuan ibu p = 0,017< α = 0,05 artinya ada hubungan pemakai alat kontrasepsi KB suntikan 3 bulan dengan gangguan menstruasi pada akseptor KB. Saran perlunya sosialisasi mengenai gangguan menstruasi bagi pemakai kontrasepsi KB suntikan 3 bulan oleh petugas kesehatan agar masyarakat dapat  memahami dengan baik.
Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Pourhoseini Sahar , Enos Reilly T , Murphy Angela E , Cai Bo , Lead Jamie R
Published: March 2021

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medical applications due to their antibacterial and antiviral properties. Despite the extensive study of AgNPs, their toxicity and their effect on human health is poorly understood, as a result of issues such as poor control of NP properties and lack of proper characterization. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined characterization, bio-uptake, and toxicity of well-characterized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNPs in exposure media during exposure time using primary human cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)). AgNPs were synthesized in-house and characterized using a multimethod approach. Results indicated the transformation of NPs in RPMI medium with a change in size and polydispersity over 24 h of exposure due to dissolution and reprecipitation. No aggregation of NPs was observed in the RPMI medium over the exposure time (24 h). A dose-dependent relationship between PBMC uptake and Ag concentration was detected for both AgNP and AgNO3 treatment. There was approximately a two-fold increase in cellular Ag uptake in the AgNO3 vs the NP treatment. Cytotoxicity, using LDH and MTS assays and based on exposure concentrations was not significantly different when comparing NPs and Ag ions. Based on differential uptake, AgNPs were more toxic after normalizing toxicity to the amount of cellular Ag uptake. Our data highlights the importance of correct synthesis, characterization, and study of transformations to obtain a better understanding of NP uptake and toxicity. Statistical analysis indicated that there might be an individual variability in response to NPs, although more research is required.
Influence of territory slope and drainage systems on the value of fire risk during transportation of flammable liquids by road transport
Authors: Шебеко Юрий Николаевич , Малкин Владимир Леонидович , Угорелов Владимир Александрович , Леончук Петр Алексеевич
Published: March 2021

В работе осуществлена оценка величины потенциального риска при перевозке пожароопасных грузов автомобильным транспортом с учетом возможного стекания горючей жидкости по уклонам. Проведено сравнение величины пожарного риска для случаев открытых и закрытых дренажных канав.

It is not possible to calculate the fire risk that takes into account slopes on roads within the existing methodology for determining the calculated fire risk values at production facilities. The article suggests the elaboration of methodology considering the above-mentioned factors. The paper provides comparative assessment of the fire risk when transporting gasoline by automobile tanks with a capacity of 28 m, both considering one of the factors (road slope, the presence of drainage ditches) and without it. It is shown that these factors can have a significant impact on the fire risk value for objects near which there is an accident with a fire of vehicles with significant amount of flammable liquid. The potential risk increases approaching the lowest point of the road section. At the same time, depending on the total length of the section with a slope, this value may be an order higher than the fire risk in the areas located above. Technical measures such as drainage ditches can significantly affect the fire risk value. When open drainage ditches are installed, the risk of fire escalation increases when the burning liquid flows down. When installing closed drainage ditches, the risk of escalation due to the spread of fire is minimized and is possible mainly in the locations of drainage ditch hatches. At the same time, such technical solution increases the potential risk in the area of liquid discharge to the terrain.
On the strong law of large numbers for ϕ-sub-Gaussian random variables
Authors: Zajkowski K.
Published: March 2021

UDC 517.9
For let if and if . For a random variable ξ let denote ; is a norm in a space - subgaussian random variables. We prove that if for a sequence there exist positive constants and such that for every natural number the following inequality holds then converges almost surely to zero as .
This result is a generalization of the strong law of large numbers for independent sub-Gaussian random variables [see R. L. Taylor, T.-C. Hu, Sub-Gaussian techniques in proving strong laws of large numbers, Amer. Math. Monthly, 94, 295 – 299 (1987)] to the case of dependent -sub-Gaussian random variables.
Обмежені розв’язки різницевого рівняння другого порядку зі стрибками операторних коефіцієнтів
Authors: Horodnii M. F. , Kravets V. P.
Published: March 2021

УДК 517.929.2
Дослiджується питання про iснування єдиного обмеженого розв’язку лiнiйного рiзницевого рiвняння другого порядку зi стрибками операторних коефiцiєнтiв у скiнченновимiрному банаховому просторi.
BIOCONTROLE DE Macrophomina phaseolina E PROMOÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO NA CULTURA DO GIRASSOL COM O USO DE Trichoderma sp. E RIZOBACTÉRIAS
Authors: Pereira da Silva Nelrilene , Cristina Corsi de Filippi Marta , José Gonçalves Fábio , Souza Alan Carlos Alves de
Published: March 2021

Fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo como Macrophomina phaseolina são de difícil controle, principalmente por formarem estruturas de resistência. Por se tratar de uma espécie polífaga, faz-se necessário realizar estudos para se obter diferentes formas efetivas de controle. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência de microrganismos benéficos no controle biológico de M. phaseolina, e na promoção de crescimento à cultura do girassol. A presente pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, uma com ensaio in vitro e outra com ensaio in vivo. O ensaio in vitro foi conduzido no laboratório de análises microbiológicas AgroLab, onde realizou-se teste de pareamento de culturas com seis tratamentos e três repetições, sendo, (T1 - Trichoderma sp. + patógeno; T2 - Bacillus sp. + patógeno; T3 – B. pyrrocinia + patógeno; T4 – P. fluorescens + patógeno; T5 – B. subtilis + patógeno e T6 - somente o patógeno), avaliou-se a ocorrência de antibiose e selecionou-se os isolados mais promissores para o ensaio in vivo. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado na Unidade Experimental do laboratório AgroLab, em recipientes de 400 mL, em cultivo protegido, sendo conduzido em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado com cinco tratamentos (T1 – controle; T2 - Trichodermil®; T3 - Trichoderma sp.; T4 - B. pyrrocinia e T5 - B. subtilis) em oito repetições. Foram avaliados a capacidade dos bioagentes em suprimir a severidade da doença e, sua eficiência como promotores de crescimento para a cultura do girassol. Os parâmetros avaliados nas análises de crescimento foram: comprimento de raiz e parte aérea e, biomassa da raiz e parte aérea. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre si pelo teste de F (p < 0,05). Nos testes in vitro, os isolados de Trichoderma sp., Bacillus subtilis e B. pyrrocinia reportaram melhor atividade antagônica com 10,93%, 10,26% e 3,71% de inibição do crescimento micelial do patógeno, respectivamente. Na promoção de crescimento todos os tratamentos promoveram maior comprimento da raiz e aumento da biomassa da parte aérea. Não houve diferença significativa para comprimento da parte aérea em relação a testemunha, e os isolados de B. subtilis, B. pyrrocinia e Trichoderma sp. apresentaram maior biomassa da raiz. Na severidade da doença os tratamentos com B. subtilis, B. pyrrocinia, Trichoderma sp. e Trichodermil®, apresentaram 90,5%, 81,0%, 81,0% e 62,5% de supressão do patógeno, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que estes microrganismos apresentam potencial como promotores de crescimento e biocontroladores da doença, podendo tornar-se técnica viável a ser inserida ao Manejo Integrado de Doenças.
Perancangan Logo HDI Klaten 2019 sebagai Identitas Visual Hari Difabel
Authors: Hartika Charla Tia , Dawami Angga Kusuma
Published: March 2021

Daya juang dalam hal kesetaraan antar difabel dengan non-difabel dalam menjalani kehidupan, membuat para advokasi terus menerus melakukan berbagai macam langkah guna mencapai kesetaraan tersebut.  Maka itu muncullah pergerakkan untuk memperjuangkan hak-hak Difabel untuk diakui dan direalisasi dari perkumpulan-perkumpulan berbasis komunitas ataupun organisasi Difabel di masyarakat sesuai yang tertera pada UU nomor 8 tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Kebanyakan dari mereka membuat kampanye-kampanye untuk menyuarakan hak-hak mereka sebagai penyandang Difabel. Seperti halnya diskriminasi pada penyandang difabel, stigma masyarakat dan juga aksesibilitas mereka. Begitu pula dengan penyandang disabilitas di Kabupaten Klaten, usaha tersebut dimodifikasi sesuai yang ada di zaman sekarang ini melalui media komunikasi visual yang dapat membantu untuk menunjukkan identitas visual Difabel Klaten itu sendiri. Identitas visual yang dimaksudkan disini meliputi logo, warna, pemilihan font, elemen desain, bagaimana bentuk promosinya dan hal lainnya yang bisa dikembangkan, juga dibuat secara konsisten atau pun berkelanjutan. Dengan adanya identitas visual yang baik maka brand tersebut akan meningkatkan kepercayaan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tentang bagaimana proses pembentukan identitas melalui logo Hari Disabilitas Internasional (HDI) pada tahun 2019. Dengan itu Hari Disabilitas Internasional merupakan momentum bagi para penyandang disabilitas di dunia untuk menunjukkan eksistensinya agar membedakan HDI Klaten 2019 dengan tahun sebelumnya, juga dengan komunitas ataupun organisasi lainnya
Integrasi Teknik 2D Dan 3D dalam Perancangan Film Pendek Animasi 'Connected'
Authors: Alexander Jonathan , Hananto Brian Alvin
Published: March 2021

Di jaman informasi, manusia mengalami percepatan yang sangat tinggi dalam kemampuan mengakses informasi dan pengetahuan yang menciptakan perubahan sosial yang signifikan, terlebih kepada anak-anak dalam tahap “Early Childhood Development”. Menanggapi isu tersebut, akan dibuat sebuah perancangan film animasi pendek. Perancangan ini dimulai dari skrip, storyboard, concept art, pembuatan aset 3D, melukis latar, sampai animasi 3D dan 2D. Semua proses ini dilakukan berdasarkan studi pustaka serta pengaplikasian berbagai teori visual, dari teori mendasar seperti teori warna, dan prinsip desain, sampai dengan teori lebih rumit seperti Mise-en-Scène dan character depth. Tampilan yang dituju film ini adalah animasi 2D stylized, dimana banyak dilakukan gambar manual secara digital. Namun, untuk mempercepat waktu pengerjaan film animasi 2D yang biasanya memakan waktu yang lama, integrasi alur proses animasi 3 pun diciptakan, dimana bagian animasi karakter dilakukan menggunakan alur animasi 3D. Hal tersebut selain membantu mempercepat proses animasi dan revisi, juga membantu menjaga konsistensi bentuk dan volume karakter yang sangat sulit dicapai oleh animasi 2D.
Analisis Strategi Kreatif Iklan Kampanye Gubernur DKI Jakarta 2017
Authors: Rizkavirwan Darfi
Published: March 2021

Pilkada Gubernur DKI tahun 2017 ini diikuti oleh 3 pasangan calon yaitu pasangan pertama Agus- Silvy, pasangan kedua sebagai pasangan petahana adalah Basuki dan Djarot dan pasangan terakhir adalah pasangan Anies-Sandi. Dalam proses komunikasi kampanye, diperlukan sebuah srategi periklanan merupakan pesan - pesan penjualan yang paling persuasif yang diarahkan kepada calon audiens yang paling potensial atas produk barang atau jasa. Dalam prosesnya membangun political branding melalui iklan diperlukan strategi kreatif dalam penyampaiannya. Tampilan pesan visual dari iklan kampanye ketiga paslon mengisyaratkan diferensiasi strategi kreatif yang ingin disampaikan ke masyarakat. Pesan-pesan visual yang muncul merupakan kumpulan tanda-tanda visual terkait satu sama lain. Bagi Saussure, tanda merupakan objek fisik dengan sebuah makna; atau untuk menggunakan istilahnya, sebuah tanda terdiri dari penanda dan petanda. Penanda adalah citra tanda seperti yang persepsi (eksistensi fisik) seperti tulisan di atas kertas atau suara di udara. Lebih lanjut menurut Frazer, ada enam strategi kreatif dalam iklan yaitu Preemptive, Unique selling propositions, brand image, Positioning, resonance, affective. Dengan munculnya tanda-tanda visual yang muncul diharapkan akan bisa ditelisik gambaran strategi strategi visual yang yang digunakan oleh masing-masing pasangan calon dalam iklan berkampanyenya
Tipografi Motif Batik Angso Duo Ragam Hias Kota Jambi
Authors: Widia Marta  , Akbar Muhammad Rio
Published: March 2021

Jambi merupakan salah satu kota penting dalam sejarah batik, fungsi atau kegunaan batik di Jambi pada waktu dahulu hanya dipakai oleh kerabat kerajaan dan kaum bangsawan yang mempunyai tingkat sosial tinggi. Tipografi  motif batik angso duo bertujuan menghasilkan variasi dan karakter baru yang berangkat dari motif batik angso duo sehingga bisa dijadikan sebagai alternatif bagi desainer akan kebutuhan tipografi lokal serta untuk menjaga kelestarian budaya bangsa terutama budaya Jambi. Karakter visual dari tipografi motif batik angso duo merupakan sebuah unsur-unsur dan elemen-elemen visual yang akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk batik angso duo Jambi, semua unsur, warna dan elemen tersebut akan divisualisasikan kedalam media cetak. Hasil dari perancangan tipografi motif batik angso duo adalah meliputi karakter huruf kecil (lowercase), huruf besar (uppercase), angka (numerals) dan simbol (punctuation). Serta disajikan visual dalam contoh pengaplikasian pada beberapa media seperti, promosi tipografi baru dar batik angso duo, poster, baliho, signage. Diharapkan perancangan tipografi ini mampu menjadi inspirasi bagi insan kreatif utamanya bidang seni rupa dan desain untuk melanjutkan pelestarian warisan budaya Indonesia diberbagai daerah dengan cara-cara kreatif dan inovatif. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan typeface motif batik angso duo diharapkan kearifan lokal dapat lebih terjaga dan dikenali oleh masyarakat dari semua kalangan
Tinjauan Visual Kemasan Teh Botol Sosro Edisi Khusus Hut RI ke-75
Authors: Erlyana Yana , Betsymorla Betsymorla
Published: March 2021

Ilustrasi sering kali digunakan sebagai salah satu elemen visual dalam perancangan desain kemasan. Bertepatan dengan perayaan HUT ke-75 RI sekaligus ungkapan terima kasih atas kesetiaan konsumen Indonesia, Teh Botol Sosro menyiapkan delapan desain botol khusus. Delapan desain khusus itu menekankan pengunaan ilustrasi pada elemen utama, dimana desain botol menggambarkan keragaman nusantara yang diwakili keunikan delapan daerah, yakni Sumatra, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, dan Papua.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teori Roland Barthes untuk menganalisis serta menjabarkan kode-kode budaya/kultural yang terdapat dalam ilustrasi kemasan Teh Botol Sosro edisi khusus HUT RI ke-75. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan studi pustaka, di mana data data yang dikumpulkan didapat dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, artikel, internet, maupun jurnal yang sudah ada. Hasil penelitian pada kemasan pada kemasan Teh Botol Sosro edisi khusus HUT RI ke-75 ini, dapat dilihat bahwa penggunaan serta pemilihan objek sebagai simbol dalam setiap ilustrasinya sudah cukup baik. Kode-kode budaya yang terdapat dalam setiap ilustrasi dapat membentuk sebuah informasi yang kemudian dapat dicerna dengan baik, terutama karena ilustrasi ini berkaitan dengan kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, di mana suara-suaranya bersifat kolektif atas dasar persamaan kebangsaan, pengetahuan, budaya, dan sejarah.
Invest in Canadian Synthetic Biology to Meet Commitments to Sustainable Development and Support Economic Recovery
Authors: Grue Brendan , Hamadache Samir , Maddiboina Dhanyasri , Scott Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Canadian post-COVID-19 economic recovery efforts have been framed around values aligned with Canada's commitments to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), primarily concerning environmental sustainability. The field of synthetic biology (synbio) offers many innovative ways to achieve these goals while growing the economy. Here, we discuss the opportunity for Canada to become a leader in clean technology applications of synbio. Investments in synthetic biology, which has traditionally been underfunded compared to other countries, will have beneficial impacts on the environment while driving Canada's post-pandemic economic recovery.
Open Science in Spain: Towards a Coordinated Strategy
Authors: Manzano-Patrón J.P. , López-Neira Isabel , Izquierdo Pablo
Published: March 2021

Research is being transformed by transparency, collaboration, public engagement and shareability, which are key elements of the Open Science (OS) movement. Open Access (OA), one of its main areas of action, aims to make all research freely available. Benefits of OA have already triggered a shift toward its implementation at the European and international level, with funders creating new platforms to support an ecosystem of open publications and data. Despite remarkable early contributions by Spain in terms of OS pilot initiatives and specifically OA publication performance, the latter has declined by more than a third since 2016. Moreover, no new indicators have been put forward since, even though openness remains to be deemed a strength. In this policy memo, we examine policy options to support OS in the country, with a focus on OA. These could be structured by a National Strategy for Openness, including actions to ensure OA for all publicly funded research, standardization of procedures, and the re-design of assessment criteria to incorporate reproducibility of outputs, knowledge dissemination and transfer.
Improving Bus Route Design Using Stop Balancing and Community-level Data
Authors: McKetney Justin , Trujillo Edna A. , Tabbutt Megan , Baur Brittany
Published: March 2021

Public transportation brings numerous benefits to communities when it provides people with mobility and access to opportunities. A well-designed and widely utilized system is required for regions to gain access to these benefits. Transit policies must be efficient, relevant to their specific region, and take into consideration how residents utilize public transit. In this paper, we focus on the implications of bus stop balancing and route schedule design for the Madison Metropolitan Transit in Madison, Wisconsin. We discuss where populations live and work to illustrate potential servicing barriers that limit access to employment centers. We recommend adopting standardized spacing between stops of 1000-2500 feet to increase transit speed and reliability with a particular focus on areas with low car ownership. Finally, we spotlight how transit services can be expanded to include non-traditional commuters. The adoption of these suggested improvements will lead to faster transit times with improved reliability and more equitable service within the Greater Madison Area.
Mitigating California Wildfire Impact Through Zoning and Housing Policy
Authors: Philson Conner S. , Wagner Lauren , Nawathe Ria
Published: March 2021

Since 1970, California has been facing the worst affordable housing crisis in the United States. In an attempted solution, government subsidies have driven housing development into untouched wildlands across the state. However, these developments are increasingly subject to destruction by wildfire due to global climate change and historical mismanagement of public lands. Since 1990, 41% of new housing across California has been developed in known fire zones. Wildfire prevention, combat, and damage costs approximately $18 billion annually, with $10 billion attributed to property damage. During 2020, California’s worst fire year on record, more than 4.4 million acres burned with costs to personal property estimated to exceed $20 billion. Therefore, residential zoning and housing policy are critical components to mitigate wildfire impact. To do so, we propose the implementation of a multipronged approach over the next decade: discontinue development in extremely high-risk fire zones, increase government buyouts in these high-risk areas to move people out of harm’s way, increase urban up-zoning to generate affordable housing, and increase retrofitting of existing at-risk homes to enhance structural and resident survival. This will be a historic economic, legislative, and logistic undertaking. However, despite the large up-front costs, an estimated $350 billion and 1,500 lives can be saved over the next decade through this approach. The consequences to life and property because of wildfire in California are too great for inaction or incremental progress. Swift and foundational change is required over the coming decade.
Amend Patent Legislation to Expand Access to Pharmaceuticals during National Emergencies
Authors: Takai Aya W. , Lum Samuel B.
Published: March 2021

As of February 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to almost 109 million cases worldwide and over 486,000 American deaths (Johns Hopkins University 2021). With the federal government pouring more than $9 billion in taxpayer money to develop vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, accessibility to these taxpayer-funded products is a public concern (Witters 2020). Under current U.S. law, private entities of any size are allowed to keep patents funded by taxpayer dollars (Stevens 2004). Although government use of taxpayer funded patents exist in limited circumstances, there is little incentive beyond public and political pressure for pharmaceutical companies to forgo patent enforcement for public good. We recommend that Congress amend Title 35 of United States Code to allow patent term extensions when a patent holder agrees to forgo patent enforcement in times of presidentially declared public health national emergencies under the National Emergency Act.
Smart Policy for Smart Vehicles: Regulatory revisions to incentivize efficient autonomous automobiles
Authors: Wolf Martin J.
Published: March 2021

Transportation accounts for nearly 30% of the United States’ annual greenhouse gas emissions and is currently the fastest growing source of emissions by economic sector. National policies are therefore needed to mitigate the climatic impact of vehicular travel. Autonomous vehicle technologies, such as adaptive cruise control and real-time route optimization, can potentially improve fuel efficiency. However, many emerging technologies remain too inefficient to meet federal fuel economy standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The current regulatory framework therefore hinders vehicle manufacturers from researching and developing greener autonomous technologies. In this analysis, we argue that these federal agencies should adopt policies like technology waivers, regulatory credits, environmentally preferable purchasing, and educational programs to stimulate the development of more efficient autonomous vehicle technologies. These policies would incentivize manufacturers to widely develop and deploy fuel-saving technologies that could potentially realize substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
A titkosszolgálatok és napjaink biztonsági hatásai
Authors: Lénárt Ferenc
Published: March 2021

Pointing to potential discrepancies, the author provides an overview effects, utility and the purpose of secret information gathering in Hungary in the past 25 years.
Non-indigenous macroalgal species in coralligenous habitats of the Marine Protected Area Isole Ciclopi (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Costanzo Luca Giuseppe , Marletta Giuliana , Alongi Giuseppina
Published: March 2021

Biological invasions are considered one of the main threats for biodiversity. In the last decades, more than 60 macroalgae have been introduced in the Mediterranean Sea, causing serious problems in coastal areas. Nevertheless, the impacts of alien macroalgae in deep subtidal systems have been poorly studied, especially in the coralligenous habitats of the eastern coast of Sicily (Italy). Therefore, within the framework of the programme “Progetto Operativo di Monitoraggio (P.O.M.)” of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the aim of the present study was to gain knowledge on the alien macroalgae present in coralligenous habitats of the Marine Protected Area (MPA) Isole Ciclopi, along the Ionian coast of Sicily. By Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) videos and destructive samples analysed in the laboratory, five alien species were identified: Caulerpa cylindracea, Antithamnion amphigeneum, Asparagopsis armata, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, and Lophocladia lallemandii. Since A. amphigeneum was previously reported only in the western Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea, the present report represents the first record of this species in the eastern Mediterranean. The ROV surveys showed that the alien species do not have a high coverage and do not appear to be invasive in the coralligenous area of the MPA. Since ocean temperatures are predicted to increase as climate change continues and alien species are favoured by warming of the Mediterranean Sea, the risk of biotic homogenisation caused by the spread of alien species is realistic. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the incidence and invasiveness of alien species in phytobenthic assemblages of coralligenous in the MPA.
Biological invasions in brazilian environmental science courses: do we need new approaches?
Authors: de Melo Erika Pereira Cordeiro , Simião-Ferreira Juliana , de Melo Herson Pereira Cordeiro , Godoy Bruno Spacek , Daud Rodrigo Damasco , Bastos Rogério Pereira , Silva Daniel Paiva
Published: March 2021

The increasing destruction of natural environments worldwide favored more and more alien species’ dispersal, distancing people from nature and consequently from native species. We investigated undergrad students’ perception about alien and native Brazilian species evaluating classes of the first (freshmen) and last semesters (seniors) of four courses in environmental sciences in three institutions and assessed these students’ knowledge level in different aspects related to native and alien species. The 509 interviewees were able to identify Brazilian native species better than alien species. They also produced better identifications among taxonomic groups of mammals (either alien or native), native birds, and exotic fish compared to invertebrate species. Most students did not consider themselves well informed about the topic. We found an association between the courses/semesters attended and the level of knowledge of the students. Thus, we concluded that, on the one hand, the students demonstrated relevant knowledge about the native species but, on the other, presented deficiencies in invasive alien species’ knowledge. Therefore, we suggest the revision/restructuring of how the biological invasions theme is covered in the academic curricula of undergraduate courses in the environmental area.
Temperature conditions in the RBMK spent fuel pool in the event of disturbances in its cooling mode
Authors: Hakobyan David A. , Slobodchuk Victor I.
Published: March 2021

The problems of reprocessing and long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) at nuclear power plants with RBMK reactors have not been fully resolved so far. For this reason, nuclear power plants are forced to search for new options for the disposal of spent fuel, which can provide at least temporary SNF storage. One of the possible solutions to this problem is to switch to compacted SNF storage in reactor spent fuel pools (SFPs). As the number of spent fuel assemblies (SFAs) in SFPs increases, a greater amount of heat is released. In addition, no less important is the fact that a place for emergency FA discharging should be provided in SFPs. The paper presents the results of a numerical simulation of the temperature conditions in SFPs both for compacted SNF storage and for emergency FA discharging. Several types of disturbances in normal SFP cooling mode are considered, including partial loss of cooling water and exposure of SFAs. The simulation was performed using the ANSYS CFX software tool. Estimates were made of the time for heating water to the boiling point, as well as the time for heating the cladding of the fuel elements to a temperature of 650 °С. The most critical conditions are observed in the emergency FA discharging compartment. The results obtained make it possible to estimate the time that the personnel have to restore normal cooling mode of the spent fuel pool until the maximum temperature for water and spent fuel assemblies is reached.
L’organisation d’un management collaboratif entre acteurs publics et acteurs civils : le rôle d’organisation frontière d’une association d’insertion dans l’emploi pour les jeunes diplômés
Authors: Suquet Jean-Baptiste , Collard Damien , Raulet-Croset Nathalie
Published: March 2021

Alors que les associations contribuent de façon croissante à l’action publique, peu de travaux analysent leur relation à l’acteur public sous la forme d’une collaboration. Dans cet article, nous étudions le cas de l’association Nos Quartiers ont des Talents (NQT) qui accompagne des jeunes diplômés défavorisés vers l’emploi, pour comprendre les conditions organisationnelles de la collaboration entre acteurs publics, privés et associatifs. Nous montrons que ce type d’association, au travers d’un « travail aux frontières », constitue une boundary organization , à même de favoriser un management collaboratif entre acteurs publics, privés et associatifs dans laquelle l’acteur public n’est pas central et qui permet de co-construire un service d’intérêt général. Quatre facteurs clés ressortent de l’analyse pour rendre compte de ce travail aux frontières : le cadre commun, l’adaptation aux territoires, l’espace de rencontre pour catalyser les innovations, et une structure alliant standardisation et souplesse.
Understanding the Financial Fraud
Authors: Vousinas Georgios Loukas
Published: March 2021

This chapter aims to elaborate on the theory of fraud by enhancing the existing theories that force people to commit fraud. The chapter reviews the most commonly used and widely accepted models for explaining why people commit fraud: the fraud triangle, the fraud diamond, the fraud scale, and the MICE model. The author argues that these models need to be updated to adapt to the current developments and the ever-growing fraud incidents, both in frequency and severity. The chapter identifies a major element, ego/entitlement, which plays a crucial role in compelling people to commit fraud and builds on the theoretical background to conclude in the formation of the SCORE model, which is graphically depicted in the fraud pentagon. It goes further by adding the factor of collusion for its better application in cases of white-collar crimes.
Forensic Audit Practices to Reduce Financial Frauds
Authors: Yücel Elif
Published: March 2021

International markets are highly competitive these days due to the globalization of the industry. Companies might manipulate this competition to gain some advantages. Also, technology has been the main force behind business growth in the past decade. The widespread use of technology and globalization also increased financial crimes. Accordingly, the auditing profession has entered into the process of institutionalization and embedded itself within institutions due to the enhanced complexity of frauds, corruption, and manipulations. One of the developments that have been happened in the field of auditing is the emergence of the “forensic auditing” profession. This chapter discusses the conceptual framework of the forensic audit and its essential role in preventing frauds and corruption.
Exploring the Political Dynamics of Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Trinidad and Tobago From a Postinternational Framework
Authors: Ramjit Dana-Marie
Published: March 2021

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the state contribute considerably to the unique state of Caribbean politics, yet their relationship is turbulent, which prevents effective policymaking. Specifically, the problem this study addressed is the turbulent relationship between NGOs and the state in Trinidad and Tobago from a postinternational framework. The purpose of this research was to provide an explanation of the NGO-state relationship through the postinternational concepts of turbulence and distant proximities using a qualitative research approach.
Establishing a Sorting Protocol for Healthcare Databases
Authors: Ghabi Elie , Farah Wehbeh , Abboud Maher , Chalhoub Elias , Ziade Nelly , Annesi-Maesano Isabella , Abi Habib Laurie , Nakhle Myriam Mrad
Published: March 2021

Background

Health information records in many countries, especially developing countries, are still paper based. Compared to electronic systems, paper-based systems are disadvantageous in terms of data storage and data extraction. Given the importance of health records for epidemiological studies, guidelines for effective data cleaning and sorting are essential. They are, however, largely absent from the literature. The following paper discusses the process by which an algorithm was developed for the cleaning and sorting of a database generated from emergency department records in Lebanon.

Design and methods

Demographic and health related information were extracted from the emergency department records of three hospitals in Beirut. Appropriate categories were selected for data categorization. For health information, disease categories and codes were selected according to the International Classification of Disease 10th Edition.

Results

A total of 16,537 entries were collected. Demographic information was categorized into groups for future epidemiological studies. Analysis of the health information led to the creation of a sorting algorithm which was then used to categorize and code the health data. Several counts were then performed to represent and visualize the data numerically and graphically.

Conclusions

The article describes the current state of health information records in Lebanon and the associated disadvantages of a paper-based system in terms of storage and data extraction. Furthermore, the article describes the algorithm by which health information was sorted and categorized to allow for future data analysis using paper records.
Effect of allowable flow-rate variation and local head loss on maximum length of non-pressure compensated drip tape
Authors: Andrade Luiz Antonio de , Saad João Carlos Cury , Cosmo Bruno Marcos Nunes , Costa João Victor , Zanetti Willian Aparecido Leoti
Published: March 2021

A challenge for the design of drip irrigation systems with non-pressure compensated emitters is to increase the maximum length of the lateral lines without significantly reducing water application uniformity. This work evaluated the effect of the flow-rate variation and the local head loss in the maximum length of drip tape with a non-pressure compensated flat emitter. The tests were carried out in a laboratory, using a collapsible drip tape non-pressure compensated in three 50-meter segments. The production line was configured to generate drip tapes without insertion of emitters and with closed emitters (0.30 m spacing). The experimental local head loss was compared with the Darcy-Weisbach equation's estimates using the Blasius friction factor. In the sequence, simulations were generated for the flow-rate variations of 10 and 20% for the emitter spacings of 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50m. The results showed that the local head loss had little influence on the lateral line's maximum length, generating variations of 2.5% on average. However, increasing the allowable flow rate variation from 10 to 20% resulted in a 34% increase in the lateral line maximum length. Also, the reduction in uniformity coefficients was less than 5%, enabling the indexes to remain above 90%. The adoption of higher flow rate variation values allowed gains in the lateral line length with a small decrease in uniformity, making it an alternative to reduce design and operational costs.
The best workers. La imagen en la prensa estadounidense de los obreros gallegos en el canal de Panamá (1906-1915)
Authors: Pena-Rodríguez Alberto , Formoso David
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo analiza la imagen de los obreros gallegos que participaron en la construcción del Canal de Panamá en la prensa de Estados Unidos. El objetivo principal es averiguar cuáles son los aspectos más relevantes de su caracterización étnica y en qué medida los periódicos norteamericanos reprodujeron o se apartaron de los estereotipos que había de los gallegos, tanto en España como en Latinoamérica. Y, al mismo tiempo, indagar las causas de estas caracterizaciones étnicas y posibles intereses propagandísticos, ya que la construcción de esta vía marítima surgió, no sólo por una necesidad de comunicación entre dos océanos, sino también como un proyecto de imagen de este país como nueva potencia mundial. Por medio de técnicas cualitativas y una amplia selección de noticias y reportajes sobre el objeto de estudio, se establecen varias categorías de análisis que demuestran que el perfil de los gallegos que representaron la mayoría de los periódicos intentaba evitar el estigma negativo que, en general, se atribuía a los españoles tras el enfrentamiento militar en 1898, como gente atrasada y holgazana. Influida por una campaña dirigida por la empresa constructora del Canal y el gobierno norteamericano, algunos periódicos estadounidenses reconocieron en los inmigrantes gallegos amplias cualidades laborales, con el fin de evitar que la opinión pública los relacionase con la imagen decadente de España que la propaganda antiespañola había difundido a finales del siglo XIX.
A digital signal processor based capacitor inductor inductor resonant converter for stand alone wind energy system using AC analysis
Authors: Nagarajan C. , Prakash R.
Published: March 2021

In this paper the CLL (capacitor inductor inductor) resonant converter (RC) with digital signal processor (DSP) based fuzzy controller for stand alone wind energy system has been estimated and the performance of the converter is analysed. The proposed converter has been analyses with the closed loop condition. The fuzzy controller regulates the output voltage with change of supply voltage and load disturbance are carried out. The controller performance of CLL RC is compared through simulation and experimental studies using TMS320F2407 processor.

Keywords: Power electronics, DC-DC power converters, fuzzy control, wind energy system
Isolation and Molecular Identification of some Fungi Associated with Jatropha curcas (L.)
Authors: Iyany N.G , Ataga A.E
Published: March 2021

Jatropha curcas is a plant of great economic importance that experiences high incidence of fungal attack. Misidentification of the fungal species is bound to occur with the use of traditional cultural methods where organisms are identified morphologically and/or microscopically. This study was carried out to isolate and identify the fungi associated with Jatropha curcas (L.) using both traditional/ cultural techniques and molecular methods. The fungi were isolated from diseased leaves and stems of J. curcas using both Standard Blotter and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) methods. DNA was extracted from the fungal isolates using Zymo Fungal/Bacteria DNA MiniPrep Kit. Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of the fungal isolates was carried out using fungi universal primer pairs for ITS4 and ITS5. The amplicons were sequenced and the isolates were identified as Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus sp., Botryosphaeria rhodina, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus tamarii, Rhizopus oryzae, Penicillium citrinum and Fusarium solani. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to know the relationship between the isolates and other closely-related species in GenBank. Jatropha curcas is colonized by many fungal species some of which may be pathogenic to the plant, and molecular techniques pose the best alternative for accurate identification of these organisms.

Keywords: Jatropha curcas, fungi, polymerase chain reaction, phylogeny, sequencing
Students’ Perceptions on Drug Abuse and Academic Performance in Computer Science and Allied Subjects
Authors: Ejodamen P.U. , Ogini N.O.
Published: March 2021

Given the high rate of drug abuse in society, this study investigates how much of its knowledge is available to secondary school students. Also evaluated is the perceived effect of drug abuse on their academic achievement in subjects such as Computer science and allied subjects. A questionnaire was developed to obtain the respondents’ opinion with 304 responses analyzed for this study. This research reveals that the majority (97.4%) of students know about drug abuse and the harm it causes to health. The most abused drugs by the students surveyed are Alcohol (5.9%), Tobacco (3.3%), and Marijuana (Indian hemp) (2.3%). The hypotheses tested showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship between the type of school (public/private) a student attends and their tendency to abuse drugs, as well as how much knowledge is possessed by the students. We conclude that the academic performance of students can be negatively influenced by the abuse of drugs.