bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and development in robotics with potential to automate handling of biological collections
Authors: Hardy Helen , van Walsum Myriam , Livermore Laurence , Walton Stephanie
Published: November 2020

This report investigates the current state of physical (mechanical) robotics, automated warehousing approaches and assistive technologies in relation to the storage, handling and processing (particularly digitisation) of natural history collections.

Robotics can sound futuristic, however we provide case studies that show many and growing examples of physical automation in the natural history and cultural heritage sectors, including barcodes and conveyor belts for digitisation; robots that handle multiple vials for molecular and genetic work; robots for use in in display or exhibition contexts; and automated warehousing of library collections. We provide a non-exhaustive example of an end to end workflow of storage, retrieval and processing and discuss aspects of the tools and challenges relevant to these stages. The Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo), a new Research Infrastructure for natural science collections, should build on this, leading a future programme of pilots that develop understanding of independent stages, and can be connected to make progress towards end-to-end solutions.

Robots, or automated systems, excel at repetitive tasks, and are developing rapidly to be able to handle more complex object types, at lower cost. High volume, high variety of objects, and considerations such as fragility are not unique to the natural history sector - they apply for example to major retail operations - however natural history collections do offer some of the more extreme examples of these challenges, and in particular are not replaceable. Increased consistency of storage units is likely to be a critical factor in enabling automated handling in future, as well as looking at automation possibilities when new collections storage spaces are developed and built. Engagement with industry and subject matter experts has been patchy and again we recommend that DiSSCo help to ensure a joined up engagement with the right incentives in place, and with clear communication of requirements and challenges for shared R&D.

When examining return on investment for particular automation, collections-holding institutions need to consider not only time and cost of automation compared to human labour, but wider factors including: health and safety such as physical environment and repetitve strain injury; security; quality and consistency of outputs; degree of criticality in response times (e.g. if digitising on demand); effective use of spaces; and freeing up staff to conduct other tasks.

Purely software-based automation is outside the scope of this report, but is also in increasing use and has enormous potential, for example to transform the extraction of label and specimen data at scale from images. The challenges of managing and digitising collections at scale under DiSSCo are likely to require a combination of hardware and software automation approaches.
Reduced rotavirus vaccine efficacy in protein malnourished human-faecal-microbiota-transplanted gnotobiotic pig model is in part attributed to the gut microbiota
Authors: Srivastava V. , Deblais L. , Huang H.-C. , Miyazaki A. , Kandasamy S. , Langel S.N. , Paim F.C. , Chepngeno J. , Kathayat D. , Vlasova A.N. , Saif L.J. , Rajashekara G.
Published: November 2020

The low efficacy of human rotavirus (HRV) vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remains a major challenge for global health. Protein-calorie malnutrition (kwashiorkor) affects the gut microbiota and compromises immune development, leading to environmental enteropathy, vaccine failures, and increased susceptibility to enteric diseases in young children. Relationship between diet and reduced vaccine efficacy in developing countries is not well established; therefore, we investigated the interconnections between the host-microbiota-nutrition-HRV vaccine using HRV-vaccinated, human infant faecal microbiota (HIFM)-transplanted neonatal gnotobiotic pigs fed with a protein deficient or sufficient diet. The microbiota from faecal, intestinal (duodenum, ileum, jejunum, and colon), and systemic tissue (liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node [MLN]) samples was analysed before and after HRV challenge using MiSeq 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall, microbiota from deficient fed HIFM pigs displayed, compared to the sufficient group, significantly higher Shannon index, especially in the faeces and lower intestines; higher level of Proteus and Enterococcus, and lower level of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Streptococcus in the three types of samples collected (P<0.05); and higher unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs), especially in the systemic tissues. Further, the multivariate analysis between microbiota and immunologic data showed that 38 OTUs at the genus level correlated (r2≤0.5 or ≥-0.5; P<0.05) with at least one host immune response parameter (regulatory [Tregs and transforming growth factor-β], effectors [interferon (IFN)-γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-12], and inflammatory [tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-17 and IL-22]) and with opposite trends between diet groups. Differences described above were increased after HRV challenge. We demonstrated that a protein deficient diet affects the composition of the gut microbiota and those changes may further correlate with immune responses induced by HRV and perturbed by the deficient diet. Thus, our findings suggest that the reduced efficacy of HRV vaccine observed in Gn pig model is in part attributed to the altered microbiota composition.
Characterisation of EFV12 a bio-active small peptide produced by the human intestinal isolate Lactobacillus gasseri SF1109
Authors: Napoli M. Di , Luccia B. Di , Vitiello G. , D’Errico G. , Carpentieri A. , Pezzella A. , Pizzo E. , Notomista E. , Varcamonti M. , Zanfardino A.
Published: November 2020

EFV12 is a small bioactive peptide produced by Lactobacillus gasseri SF1109, a human intestinal isolate with probiotic features. In this study, EFV12 antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties are characterised. In particular, we propose a possible mechanism of action for EFV12 involving bacterial membranes targeting. Moreover, we show that this small peptide is able to bind lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and to counteract its inflammatory insult preventing LPS action on Toll-like receptor 4, thus interfering with extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling pathways. Altogether these observations suggest that the bioactive peptide EFV12 is a good candidate to promote L. gasseri induced gut homeostasis and counteracting intestinal pathogens.
Performance demands in the endurance rider
Authors: Williams J.M. , Douglas J. , Davies E. , Bloom F. , Castejon-Riber C.
Published: November 2020

Endurance is one of the fastest growing equestrian disciplines worldwide. Races are long distance competitions (40-160 km), organised into loops, over variable terrain usually within one day. Horse and rider combinations in endurance races have to complete the course in good condition whilst also aiming to win. Horse welfare is paramount within the sport and horses are required to ‘pass’ a veterinary check prior to racing, after each loop of the course and at the end of the race. Despite the health, fitness and welfare of both athletes within the horse-rider dyad being essential to achieve success, few equivalent measures assessing the wellbeing of the endurance rider are implemented. This review considers evidence from ultra-endurance sports and rider performance in other equestrian disciplines, to consider physiological and psychological strategies the endurance rider could use to enhance their competition performance. Successful endurance riding requires an effective partnership to be established between horse and rider. Within this partnership, adequate rider health and fitness are key to optimal decision-making to manage the horse effectively during training and competition, but just as importantly riders should manage themselves as an athlete. Targeted management for superior rider performance can underpin more effective decision-making promoting ethical equitation practices and optimising competition performance. Therefore, the responsible and competitive endurance rider needs to consider how they prepare themselves adequately for participation in the sport. This should include engaging in appropriate physiological training for fitness and musculoskeletal strength and conditioning. Alongside planning nutritional strategies to support rider performance in training and within the pre-, peri- and post-competition periods to promote superior physical and cognitive performance, and prevent injury. By applying an evidence informed approach to self-management, the endurance athlete will support the horse and rider partnership to achieve to their optimal capacity, whilst maximising both parties physical and psychological wellbeing.
Speed of gaits in Icelandic horses and relationships to sex, age, conformation measurements and subjective judges’ scores
Authors: Stefánsdóttir G.J. , Jansson A. , Ragnarsson S. , Gunnarsson V.
Published: November 2020

The aim was to measure the mean and maximum speed and the range of speed in all gaits of Icelandic horses shown at a breed evaluation field test (BEFT). In addition, the effect of speed on scores for the gaits and whether speed was affected by age, sex and conformation measurements were investigated. The study was carried out in Iceland on 266 horses (180 mares and 86 stallions). Horse speed and distance ridden were recorded by global positioning system during the riding assessment in BEFT. Conformation measurements and scores for each gait were obtained from the official studbook Worldfengur. The range of speed in walk, slow tölt, tölt, trot, pace, canter and gallop was, respectively, 1.5-2.2, 3.2-5.5, 4.6-10.6, 4.5-8.6, 7.1-11.9, 5.8-9.8 and 7.9-13.5 m/s (n=149-248). Scores for all gaits were affected by speed of the gait, with speed explaining most variance in scores for pace (53%) and least in scores for slow tölt and walk (2 and 3%, respectively). Stallions were faster than mares in tölt, trot, pace and canter (P<0.05). Horses aged ≥7 years and 6-year-olds were faster in pace and canter than 4-year-olds (P<0.05). Horse conformation measurements most affected speed in pace and walk, which were elevated with increased height at withers, height at croup, body length and length of front legs (P<0.05). In conclusion, objective measurements of speed in the gaits of Icelandic horses shown in a BEFT were documented for the first time. The information can be used to formulate requirements for gaits in BEFT and in competition manuals. Objective measurements of speed should be used in future assessments of gaits in Icelandic horses in BEFT, and thus improve standardisation and genetic evaluation of breeding horses.
Nutritional value of insects and ways to manipulate their composition
Authors: Oonincx D.G.A.B. , Finke M.D.
Published: November 2020

This article reports on the nutrients present in insects and factors affecting their variability. Data on protein content and amino acid profiles of a variety of insect species are discussed and their amino acid profiles compared to nutrient requirements of growing broiler chicks, catfish, trout, swine, and human adults and young children. Bothin vitroandin vivoprotein digestibility data for a variety of insect species is presented and factors affecting these data are discussed. Furthermore, the fat content and fatty acid profiles of a variety of insect species is reviewed, with special attention on omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Information on carbohydrates, fibre and chitin in insects is shown along with potential effects on nutrient availability. This is followed by a discussion of essential minerals in insects with an emphasis on calcium and phosphorus. Data on insect vitamin content is shown along with a discussion of antinutritional factors such as phytate and thiaminase, which can adversely affect their nutritional value. Dietary effects on insect nutrient composition are reviewed with an emphasis on essential minerals, heavy metals, vitamin E, and carotenoids. Lastly, the effects of processing, including protein extraction and various cooking methods on insect composition are discussed. In summary, this article provides an overview of the nutrient content of insects, and how select nutrients can be altered.
Effect of using insects as feed on animals: pet dogs and cats
Authors: Bosch G. , Swanson K.S.
Published: November 2020

The ‘buzz’ in society around insects has resulted in the appearance of insect-based pet food products on the market and more products are under development. This contribution aimed to provide background information on pet foods and the sector and to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding naturalness, palatability, nutritional quality, health effects, and sustainability of insects as feed for dogs and cats. In contrast to dogs, natural diets of cats commonly contain insects but contribution to the total biomass is <0.5% in most diets. Cats and dogs can have a different palate when it comes to insects and insect species and inclusion level influence the acceptance of the food. The apparent faecal N digestibility values for insect-based foods were in the range of foods containing conventional protein sources. Based on the indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility values reported for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), housefly larvae (HFL), and yellow mealworms (YMW) in chickens and requirements of growing dogs and growing cats, the first limiting IAA were methionine (BSFL, dogs and cats; YMW, dogs and cats), threonine (BSFL, dogs), and leucine (HFL, dog and cats). More long-term studies are still required to evaluate adequacy and safety of insect-based pet foods in dogs and cats as well as studies that focus on the presence of health-promoting biofunctionalities of insects. Insect proteins have a lower environmental impact than livestock meat proteins, but this is not relevant in the context of pet foods that are largely based on animal co-products with a low environmental impact. Developments in insect rearing will make insect proteins more competitive with conventional sources. For advancing insect applications beyond hypoallergenic pet foods, it will be essential to assure insects as safe and quality ingredients as well as understanding pet owner views and values regarding insect rearing.
Radial symmetry for logarithmic Choquard equation involving a generalized tempered fractional $ p $-Laplacian
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Hou Wenwen , Ahmad Bashir , Wang Guotao
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we investigate radial symmetry and monotonicity of positive solutions to a logarithmic Choquard equation involving a generalized nonlinear tempered fractional \begin{document}$ p $\end{document}-Laplacian operator by applying the direct method of moving planes. We first introduce a new kind of tempered fractional \begin{document}$ p $\end{document}-Laplacian \begin{document}$ (-\Delta-\lambda_{f})_{p}^{s} $\end{document} based on tempered fractional Laplacian \begin{document}$ (\Delta+\lambda)^{\beta/2} $\end{document}, which was originally defined in [3] by Deng et.al [Boundary problems for the fractional and tempered fractional operators, Multiscale Model. Simul., 16(1)(2018), 125-149]. Then we discuss the decay of solutions at infinity and narrow region principle, which play a key role in obtaining the main result by the process of moving planes.
Conservation bottom-up initiatives in marine recreational spearfishing suggest the emergence of positive attitudes towards conservation
Authors: Sbragaglia Valerio , Arlinghaus Robert
Published: November 2020

We show that marine recreational spearfishers voluntarily organize bottom-up conservation actions. The main goals of these actions are to provide support to research in monitoring fish assemblages, tracking biological invasions or mitigating impacts on the environment, such as those stemming from pollution and littering. We show that such initiatives started more than 20 years ago and are now facilitated by social media networking. We argue that the emergence of bottom-up conservation actions in marine recreational spearfishers should be encouraged, supported and integrated into participatory management plans. This is important to mitigate the potential negative impacts of marine recreational spearfishing and to catalyse broader civil actions for conservation of marine ecosystems.
Précarité énergétique et aide sociale en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale
Authors: Baudaux Anne , Bartiaux Françoise
Published: November 2020

Cette contribution ethnographique porte sur la précarité énergétique et les politiques d’aide dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Les données produites entre 2014 et 2017 consistent en observations de terrain et entretiens approfondis avec des personnes en précarité énergétique. Notre enquête montre que les pratiques et les émotions négatives de ces personnes doivent se comprendre en les contextualisant par la pénurie de logements modestes en Région bruxelloise et l’état médiocre du parc immobilier. Ce contexte est peu pris en compte par les aides publiques qui insistent au contraire sur les dispositifs techniques à installer dans le logement et sur les changements de comportements individuels des occupants. Ces différences de perspective et ces pratiques d’aide bureaucratiques parfois stigmatisantes ou infantilisantes contribuent à expliquer un recours limité aux aides destinées à combattre la précarité énergétique.
Energy poverty and social assistance in the Brussels-Capital Region
Authors: Baudaux Anne , Bartiaux Françoise
Published: November 2020

This ethnographic contribution focuses on energy poverty and aid policies in the Brussels-Capital Region. The data produced between 2014 and 2017 consist of field observations and in-depth interviews with people affected by energy poverty. Our study shows that the practices and negative emotions of these people must be understood in the context of the shortage of modest housing in the Brussels Region and the poor state of the housing stock. This context is hardly taken into account by public aid, which insists instead on the technical equipment to be installed in homes and on changes in the individual behaviour of occupants. These differences in perspective and the sometimes stigmatising or condescending bureaucratic aid practices help explain the limited use of aid intended to fight energy poverty.
Interseccionalidade e educação antirracista no ensino de português e literatura
Authors: Vianna da Conceição Janaína , Scheuer Neves Caroline
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho busca refletir sobre como o racismo articulado ao sexismo afeta a vida de mulheres negras e da sociedade brasileira e como a escola se relaciona com isso, indo ao encontro de uma educação antirracista. Para isso, lançaremos mão das categorias identitárias de gênero e raça, utilizando a noção de interseccionalidade proposta por autoras do feminismo negro. Com base nesses conceitos, apresentamos uma análise de um poema de Elisa Lucinda, a partir da qual discutimos um material didático de português e literatura centrado nesse texto. Pretendemos contribuir para a elaboração de materiais didáticos voltados para a educação étnico-racial e de gênero e para a produção intelectual acadêmica a partir da análise de um poema feito por uma mulher negra e a partir da utilização de referenciais teóricos vinculados e produzidos por autoras feministas negras.Palavras-chave: educação antirracista e interseccional; material didático; ensino de português e literatura.
Modelling and analyzing spatial clusters of leptospirosis based on satellite-generated measurements of environmental factors in Thailand during 2013-2015
Authors: Luenam Amornrat , Puttanapong Nattapong
Published: November 2020

This study statistically identified the association of remotely sensed environmental factors, such as Land Surface Temperature (LST), Night Time Light (NTL), rainfall, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and elevation with the incidence of leptospirosis in Thailand based on the nationwide 7,495 confirmed cases reported during 2013–2015. This work also established prediction models based on empirical findings. Panel regression models with random-effect and fixed-effect specifications were used to investigate the association between the remotely sensed environmental factors and the leptospirosis incidence. The Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics were also applied to detect the spatial patterns of leptospirosis and similar results were found (the R2 values of the random-effect and fixed-effect models were 0.3686 and 0.3684, respectively). The outcome thus indicates that remotely sensed environmental factors possess statistically significant contribution in predicting this disease. The highest association in 3 years was observed in LST (random- effect coefficient = -9.787, P<0.001; fixed-effect coefficient = -10.340, P=0.005) followed by rainfall (random-effect coefficient = 1.353, P<0.001; fixed-effect coefficient = 1.347, P<0.001) and NTL density (random-effect coefficient = -0.569, P=0.004; fixed-effect coefficient = -0.564, P=0.001). All results obtained from the bivariate LISA statistics indicated the localised associations between remotely sensed environmental factors and the incidence of leptospirosis. Particularly, LISA’s results showed that the border provinces in the northeast, the northern and the southern regions displayed clusters of high leptospirosis incidence. All obtained outcomes thus show that remotely sensed environmental factors can be applied to panel regression models for incidence prediction, and these indicators can also identify the spatial concentration of leptospirosis in Thailand.
Editorial Comment
Authors: Pillay Jerry
Published: November 2020

No abstract available.
Emotional preparation for the unification of Korea: Through the embracement, forgiveness and love shown in the Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Shin In-Cheol
Published: November 2020

The greatest wish of the Baeda l people, or South Koreans, living in the Korean Peninsula is the unification of Korea. However, even when it has been 70 years since the outbreak of the Korean War, the two Koreas that used to be one nation are still in conflict. There have been many discourses on unification over the past 70 years, but these discourses still fail to create clear rules and a framework for unification. Discourses from the perspective of biblical theology offer insight regarding the problems at stake as well as alternatives, but they do not offer perspectives on a definite solution. This article, in line with its statement on biblical theology, does not pretend to contribute to a clear-cut solution to meet the challenge of Korea’s unification. Rather, this article intends to contribute to the formation of an emotional consensus that can contribute to the unification of Korea by looking at the teachings about peace in the Gospel of Matthew. The article explores whether the notion of embracement, forgiveness and love written during the conflict between the Matthean community and Formative Judaism can be applied to help create an emotional bond between the two Koreas. The terms embracement, forgiveness and love found in the Gospel of Matthew are upheld as symbolising peace derived from opposition and conflict. Jesus taught us to overcome situations of opposition and conflict through embracement, forgiveness and love.Contribution: The purpose and contribution of this article was to discuss if the notions of embracement, forgiveness and love found in the Gospel of Matthew can be helpful for the emotional preparation of the peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula by comparing the situations reflected in the Gospel of Matthew and that of the Korean Peninsula.
Longitudinal effects of stunting and wasting on academic performance of primary school boys: The North-West Child-Health-Integrated-Learning and Development study
Authors: Coetzee Dané , Du Plessis Wilmarié , Van Staden Deidré
Published: November 2020

Background: A worldwide occurrence like stunting and wasting affects both children’s health and academic performance.Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of stunting and wasting on academic performance amongst primary school boys over a period of 7 years (2010–2016) in the North West Province of South Africa.Methods: The study forms part of a longitudinal research design, the North-West Child-Health-Integrated-Learning and Development (NW-CHILD) study, stretched over a period of 7 years from 2010 to 2016. Baseline measurements and two follow-up measurements of boys (n = 181) formed part of this study. Two-way frequency tables and Analyses of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to analyse the data (p ≤ 0.05).Setting: The study was conducted in the North West Province of South Africa.Results: The prevalence of stunting (3.32% – 6.63%) and wasting (3.86% – 6.63%) increased each year from 2010 to 2016. Language, mathematics and overall average academic scores were affected statistically by stunting and wasting (p ≤ 0.05). Over a period of 7 years (overall), it was found that stunting and wasting influenced academic performance, especially concerning language and mathematic subjects.Conclusion: Stunted and wasted primary school boys in the North West Province of South Africa reported a strong negative association with academic performance, especially language and mathematic subjects. Limited data are available concerning stunting, wasting and academic performance, and further studies are therefore recommended to strengthen and support the findings of this study with regard to a better understanding of the effect.
Stigma as an Attribute of Oppression or an Agent of Change
Authors: Zorc Maver Darja
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to describe the processes of stigmatization and oppression of women as presented by Bernardine Evaristo in her book Girl, Woman, Other. The book features twelve female characters who are very different from each other, but what they have in common is that they each, in their own way, face stigma, misunderstanding and social exclusion. The social construction of stigma causes various kinds of social inequalities of the stigmatized. Through the fictional narratives of the stigmatized and the reflection of their position in the novel, stigmatized women become the bearers of change and not merely the victims of oppression.
Memoirism Hype
Authors: Udovič Boštjan
Published: November 2020

Literary theory puts memoirs on the intersection between literary and semi-literary genres, which makes them specific by definition. But when we talk about memoirs of diplomats, they are even more specific, as they are often the only source describing events that took place in diplomatic intercourse. This article analyses the significance of writing memoirs as seen by diplomats through interviews with ten Slovenian diplomats. The interviewees agree that memoirs need to be written, not only to shed light on events that took place in diplomacy, but also because they can be important literary works and contribute to the spread of diplomatic terminology.
Matej Cigale (1819–1889) als Übersetzer von Schulbüchern
Authors: Žigon Tanja
Published: November 2020

Der Jurist und Sprachforscher Matej Cigale (1819–1889) ging in die slowenische Kulturgeschichte vor allem als Redakteur der slowenischen Ausgabe des Reichsgesetzblattes und als Vater der slowenischen Rechtsterminologie ein. Doch hat sich Cigale auch auf anderen Gebieten einen Namen gemacht: Wegen seiner ausgezeichneten Sprachkenntnisse wurde ihm die Herausgabe des deutsch-slowenischen Wörterbuches (1860) anvertraut, er legte eine gesammelte slowenisch-deutsche Wissenschaftsterminologie (1880) vor, wirkte als Aushilfskorrektor im k.k. Schulbücherverlag und gab selbst einige Schulbücher heraus. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird vor allem seine Übersetzung des Heufler’schen Schulbuches für den Erdkundeunterricht (1861) untersucht: Es wird den Fragen nachgegangen, wie Cigales Übersetzung beim Zielpublikum aufgenommen wurde, auf welche Probleme Cigale beim Übersetzen gestoßen ist, welcher Strategien er sich bediente und wie sich die von ihm eingeführte Terminologie durchgesetzt hat.
Maurice Barrès et l'icône de l'art moderne
Authors: Turk Boštjan Marko
Published: November 2020

La peinture d’El Greco remplissait Barrès d’étonnement et d’admiration parce qu’elle répondait à la manière dont l’écrivain appréhendait le culte du fort et de l’exceptionnel. C’est la quête de l’absolu qui perfectionne les êtres dominés par l’unique tendance – vivre dans l’exaltation du moi jusqu’à ce qu’ils ne fusionnent avec l’absolu. Pour cette raison Barrès était capable de saisir le génie multifonctionnel du peintre grec et de transmettre son message à la postérité. Barrès approchait le peintre d’une perspective multilatérale : il s’apercevait des traits maniéristes. Ceux-ci sont devenus élément intégral de la peinture moderne, notamment chez Pablo Picasso. Les périodes bleue et rose n’auraient pas été possibles sans la rencontre d’El Greco.
Verosimilitud novelesca y falsedad histórica
Authors: Fock Ignac
Published: November 2020

Este artículo trata de Cornelia Bororquia o La víctima de la Inquisicón (1801), una novela epistolar española que, criticando la superstición y el abuso de las instituciones eclesiásticas, llama a la tolerancia religiosa. La novela, escrita por Luis Gutiérrez, se publicó con un prólogo editorial que en la segunda edición fue sustituido por un prólogo autoral, la función principal de ambos siendo la autentificación de la fábula. Sin embargo, Gutiérrez como prologuista no recurrió al tópico del manuscrito encontrado, que era la táctica más corriente en la novela epistolar, sino que en vez de crear la impresión de verosimilitud de la ficción, trató de crear la impresión de documentalismo, falsificando los hechos históricos para que se adecuaran a la fábula novelesca y a su fondo doctrinal. Consecuentemente, el “aparato prologal” de la novela en cuestión, funciona en un sentido diametralmente opuesto a los usos narrativos dieciochescos.
La prise de la parole dans Les Contes philosophiques de Diderot
Authors: Vitez Primož
Published: November 2020

Tous les contes de Diderot, et la plupart de ses romans, fonctionnent comme du théâtre latent. En outre, Diderot se lit comme un auteur qui a réussi à unir en sa personne le don de dire de la philosophie et celui de raconter des histoires. Il y a plus d'une voie pour un humaniste de parvenir à une interprétation du monde social. Certains textes de Diderot sont explicitement le fruit d'une réflexion philosophique, d'autres excellent en un artisme authentique – ce qui a valu à Diderot la réputation de l'un des écrivains les plus dialogiques du dix-huitième siècle européen. Les deux énergies créatrices se trouvent réunies dans ses courtes histoires, écrites entre 1768 et 1774. Ces textes s'entendent comme philosophiques parce qu'ils s'ouvrent sur des dilemmes éthiques fondamentaux: ils se destinent à donner la parole à l'individu quand celui-ci se trouve confronté à l'arbitraire de la loi ou à celui de l'opinion publique.
The Banality of Violence in A. L. Kennedy’s Early Short Stories
Authors: Jelínková Ema
Published: November 2020

The present paper adapts Hannah Arendt’s concept of the banality of evil to illustrate the banality of a specific manifestation of evil, which is violence, as it is presented in the early short stories of A. L. Kennedy. Selected stories from Kennedy’s first two collections, Night Geometry and the Garscadden Trains (1990) and Now that You’re Back (1994), are analysed to show that, like Arendt, Kennedy does not dismiss the perpetrators of violent acts as sadistic monsters but rather perceives them in their complexity as human beings who may commit inhuman crimes, yet cannot be explained away easily as less than human. Kennedy’s point about the banality of violence – banality in the sense of commonness or ordinariness, not in the sense of triviality – is reinforced by her preoccupation with ordinary characters leading mundane lives, whose humdrum existence is disrupted by unexpected, though typically unexceptional, circumstances. Lacking the capacity or skill to cope by non-violent means, Kennedy’s characters resort to violence in a perverted attempt to come to terms with the uncertainty of life and to express in a physical manner what they cannot express in language.
Życie po życiu wiktoriańskiej techniki. Trąbki słuchowe w XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Zdrodowska Magdalena
Published: November 2020

Victorian ear trumpets in XX and XXI century Throughout the 19th century ear trumpets became the most popular and in fact the only technical solution for deaf people. They merged with the behavior regarded as typical for the deaf such as misinterpretations and communicational loss, therefore ear trumpets turned into a social stigma. They became objects that were bashfully hidden by users. In the 20th century however ear trumpets’image as well as functions changed as they were substituted with modern, electric and later electronic hearing prostheses. Once ear trumpets became antiquated their place in the technological landscape have changed. They did not vanish but relocated within the social and cultural domain. Article is based on: object oriented analysis of ear trumpets, interview with the ear trumpet collector, discourse analysis of the ear trumpet advertisements documents from British National Archives and The Thackray Museum in Leeds.
O istocie muzeum, czyli Justyny Żak W kręgu muzealnych przedmiotów
Authors: Jagodzińska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

About the nature of museums, the review of the book W kręgu muzealnych przedmiotów by Justyna Żak The review concerns the book W kręgu muzealnych przedmiotów by Justyna Żak, published in 2020 by the Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. The book deals with the nature of museum objects and objects that fill museum rooms and do not have the status of museum objects, being elements of arrangement, reproductions or reconstructions. In a broader sense it is a reflection on the nature of museums, in which the notion of authenticity is of key importance. The book’s asset is a broad perspective of an object in a museum –its status, value, meaning – from theoretical reflection in the field of philosophy, sociology and aesthetics, to case studies and museum practice, supported by quotations from belles-lettres, however, the author fell into the trap of a superficiality that was difficult to avoid.
Demokracja w recesji? Diagnozy i projekty naprawcze
Authors: Pańków Irena
Published: November 2020

Democracy in a recession? Diagnosis and repair projects The essay examines two of the most prominent developments in contemporary democratic politics, party change and political personalization, and the relationship between them. It presents a broad-brush, cross-national comparison of these phenomena that covers around fifty years in twenty-six countries through the use of more than twenty indicators. It demonstrates that, behind a general trend of decline of political parties, there is much variance among countries. In some, party decline is moderate or even small, which may point to adaptation to the changing environments these parties operate in. In others, parties sharply decline. Most cases fall between these two poles. A clear general trend of personalization in politics is identified, but there are large differences among countries in its magnitude and manifestations. Surprisingly, the online world seems to supply parties with an opportunity to revive. When parties decline, personalization increases. Yet these are far from being perfect zero-sum relationships, which leaves room for the possibility that other political actors may step in when parties decline and that, in some cases, personalization may not hurt parties; it may even strengthen them. Personalization is a big challenge to parties. But parties were, are, and will remain a solution to the problem of collective action, of channeling personal energies to the benefit of the group. Thus they can cope with personalization and even use it to their advantage.
The Revenge of the Man of God
Authors: Ackerman David
Published: November 2020

Most scholars recognize literary problems in the two stories about the man of God found in 1 Kings 13. The older school of literary criticism has asked what redactional layers might be present, whether a prophetic source or redaction stands behind this story or a prophetic legend has been transformed by the Deuteronomist. Newer literary approaches show that the episodes involving the man of God play vital roles in the development of the larger plot of the downfall of the northern kingdom of Israel with Jeroboam and the rise of the southern kingdom with Josiah. The unnamed man of God becomes symbolic of the obedience and disobedience of the monarchy.

The story of the man of God in 1 Kings 13 has been carefully crafted into a two-sided plot. One scene is positive, the other negative. Conflict in this plot between the word of Yahweh spoken through the man of God and the altar at Bethel is not resolved until 2 Kings 23. The surface conflicts between the human characters become symbolic of the deeper conflict between Yahweh and other gods. The theme of obedience or disobedience to the divine word emerges from this deeper plot.
Implementasi Pelayanan Konseling Holistik Terintegrasi Aspek Teologi, Psikologi dan Skill Konseling
Authors: Santoso Joko
Published: November 2020

Services in the Field of Counseling to the community in the current era of mileniel, become a vital need in providing answers to the handling and resolution of multi-dimensional conflicts that occur amid modern society. The complexity of the problems of human life has reached a peak in all aspects and joints of life. Moreover, there are changes that occur in all fields of science that are growing rapidly along with the development of the era and the flow of information. Therefore the need for counseling guidance services to the community increasingly demands a better, comprehensive, integrated handler to meet and respond to the needs of the times.
Ketetapan Tentang Sabat Bagi Umat Israel dalam 10 Hukum Tuhan dan Relevansinya Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Anik Kristiana
Published: November 2020

Pada saat mendengar kata sabat, kecenderungan banyak orang langsung mengaitkannya dengan istirahat, atau kebiasaan gereja Advent beribadah di hari Sabtu bahkan dengan salah satu hukum dalam 10 hukum yang terdapat dalam Keluaran pasal 20, meskipun sebenarnya pengertian sabat lebih luas dari semua hal tersebut. Pembicaraan tentang sabat juga merupakan topik yang sangat menarik, apalagi jika dikaitkan dengan polemik yang berkembang dalam masyarakat berkenaan dengannya. Bukan hanya pengertian istirahat yang muncul dalam pemikiran banyak orang ketika mendengar kata sabat, tetapi juga kudus. Sabat hampir selalu dikaitkan dengan hal menguduskan atau kudus

Pertanyaan mendasar yang penting untuk direnungkan adalah, untuk apa Tuhan memberi ketetapan tentang Sabat kepada umat-Nya? Jika memperhatikan Keluaran 20:8-11 dapat disimpulkan bahwa penetapan Sabat mengingatkan bahwa TUHAN adalah Sang Pencipta. Sedangkan jika memperhatikan Imamat 23:4-44, nyatalah bahwa penetapan Sabat dimaksudkan agar umat Israel dapat mengakui bahwa TUHAN adalah pemberi nafkah dan pemelihara. Ketetapan tentang Sabat adalah  perintah dan ketetapan Allah yang diberikan Allah bagi umat-Nya. Segala sesuatu yang ditetapkan oleh Allah itu baik adanya dan berguna bagi umat-Nya. Demikian juga dengan ketetapan atau peraturan tentang Sabat. Ketetapan Sabat mengajar supaya umat Tuhan menghormati Allah dan memiliki waktu khusus untuk beribadah dan menyembah Dia. Tuhan adalah pencipta yang mahakuasa dan berdaulat atas segala ciptaan-Nya. Sabat juga mengajar tentang kepedulian. Selain peduli terhadap waktu khusus untuk beribadah kepada Allah, umat Tuhan juga harus peduli dengan sesama. Umat Tuhan saat ini melakukan ketaatan terhadap ketetapan Sabat dengan memberi waktu khusus untuk beribadah. Bukan dengan cara yang kaku dan terkesan legalistik. Kasih terhadap sesama juga perlu mendapat pertimbangan utama.
اللّغة العـربيّة في مفترق الطّرق وصراعها التّاريخي مع التّيّارات المضادّة
Authors: Noura Fellah , Salima Chabani
Published: November 2020

ظلّت اللّغة العبريّة – رغم انتمائها إلى اللّغات السّاميّة – في عداد الموتى زمنا طويلا، حتّى ظنّ النّاس ألاّ قـيّام لها، في وقت ازدهـرت لغات غيرها مسهِمة في رقيّ حضارات كالفارسيّة، والرّومانيّة، واليونانيّة، ثمّ العربيّة الإسلاميّة، فما هدأ للعبريّين ( اليهود ) بال ولا قلّت لديهم فكرة أو غابت عنهم وسيلة إلاّ لجأوا إليها رغبة منهم في نفخ الرّوح في لغتهم، فها هم قد حقّقوا ما كانوا يصبون إليه وصارت العبريّة لغة العلوم والمعارف، والأبحاث النّوويّة، والتّواصل، والإبداع، وغيرها من المجالات. ولعلّ في هذا المقال نداءً للعرب: علماء لغويّين، ودارسي اللّغة، وباحثين في مجالاتها للرّقيّ باللّغة العربيّة إلى درجة كما كانت في عصرها الذّهبيّ حيث ترجمت كنائس المسيحيّين- في غرب أوروبّا- النّصوص الدّينيّة اللّاتينيّة إلى الفصحى. كما أدعو المهتمّين باللّغة إلى الاجتهاد في علوم اللّغة كلّها قصد الخروج بالعربيّة الفصيحة من النّفق المظلم الّذي وضعت فيه مسيّرة لا مخيّرة، وبذل المزيد من الجهود لحماية العربيّة من مكائد تواجهها نحو لغة الإعلام والرّسائل القصيرة الرّكيكة، واللّغة الفسيفساء المركّبة من الفصحى والفرنسيّة والعامّيّة الّتي شاعت في روايات بعض المؤلّفين دون ردع أو وازع وكأنّها مؤامرة يراد بها دكّ قلاع لغة القرآن
Ocuparea pe platformele digitale în contextul crizei COVID-19: Studiu de caz asupra personalului de livrare
Authors: Bădoi Delia
Published: November 2020

The article intends to critically analyse the implications of economic precariousness integrated into the platform work of food-delivery sector. The recent context of labour market crisis caused by the COVID-19 virus and assisted by the labour policy changes have brought recently on the public agenda the subject of digital employment. However, at the academic level, this subject has been sporadically analysed, marginalizing the dimensions related to the risks and vulnerabilities associated with the precarization effect on digital work. Therefore, by combining different analytical angles, focusing on the socio-economic conditions and vulnerability of workers from the food-delivery sector, the article aims a synthetic analysis of the association between precarious work, the accelerated digitization of work caused by COVID-19 and the phenomenon of flexible employment. Thus, there are two approaches in the proposed article demonstration: first, the article will provide information on the political and economic context of the Romanian labour market before the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and will present the current situation of precarious employment and minimum wage policy. Secondly, the analysis will be focused on digital employment in the platform-based food-delivery sector in Romania, with a case study on the delivery staff situated in the first line exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Keywords: precariousness; platform work; flexibility; COVID-19 virus; minimum wage.
Yeni Nesil Demiryolu Traversleri ve Yerli FRP Donatı Kullanımının Deneysel Araştırması
Authors: ÇEÇEN Ferhat , AKTAŞ Bekir
Published: November 2020

Ülkemizde ve dünyada ulaştırma sektöründe demiryollarının payı gittikçe arttığından, demiryolu üstyapı elemanlarından biri olan traverslere duyulan talep de artmaktadır. Günümüzde dünya genelinde demiryollarında milyarlarca travers kullanımdadır. Yeni inşa edilen demiryollarının ihtiyacı olan travers üretiminin yanı sıra, 40-50 yıllık servis ömrünü tamamlayamadan erken deforme olan önemli miktarda traversin de her yıl değiştirilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu yüzden demiryolu kuruluşlarının bütçelerinin önemli bir kısmı travers kaynaklı bakım işlemlerine ayrılmak zorundadır. Dünya genelinde milyarlarca travers üretiminin ekstra çimento, agrega, çelik, yakıt tüketimi doğurması nedeniyle çevreye önemli zararı söz konusu olduğu gibi modern demiryolu işletmeciliğinde yüksek hız ve sefer sayıları nedeniyle, düşük bakım gerektiren “yeni nesil” çözümler geliştirilmesi mecburiyet halini almıştır. Diğer taraftan inşaat sektöründe kullanılmakta olan çelik donatıların korozyon ve yorulma gibi çeşitli dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda günümüzde gelişmiş ülkelerde çelik donatıların yerini almaya başlayan fiber takviyeli polimer (FRP) donatıların demiryolu traverslerinde kullanımı alternatif bir çözüm olarak görülmüştür. Bu makalede, klasik betonarme traverslerin güncel literatürde geçen çeşitli sorunlarına ve son yıllarda geliştirilen yeni nesil çözümlere değinildikten sonra, bu sorunların yerli cam ve karbon fiber takviyeli polimer hammaddeler kullanılarak çözümlenebilme ihtimali ray mesnedinde statik yüklemeli pozitif moment deneyleri ile araştırılmıştır. Sonuçta dünyadaki emsallerinden daha düşük maliyetli ve daha yüksek servis ömrüne sahip inovatif milli travers modelleri geliştirilmesi adına olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim İle İlgili Yaşanan Sorunların Öğrenci Bakış Açısına Göre AHP Yöntemi İle İncelenmesi
Authors: AKBAL Hazal , AKBAL Hüseyin İnan
Published: November 2020

Tüm dünya ülkeleri tarafından önlenmeye çalışılan Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde başta sağlık olmak üzere bankacılık, turizm, ulaşım gibi sektörlerde virüsün etkisini azaltmak amacıyla düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu sektörlerden biri de eğitimdir. Yüz yüze eğitimin bu süreçte olumsuzluklar yaratması nedeniyle eğitim sürecini aksatmayacak farklı yöntemlere yönelinmiştir. Öğrenci ve eğitimci arasındaki mekân ve zaman kavramını ortadan kaldırarak bilgi iletişiminde kolaylık sağlayan uzaktan eğitimin sınırlılıklarından dolayı öğrenme sürecinde birtakım sorunlar yaşanabilmektedir. Çalışmada öğrenci bakış açısına göre uzaktan eğitimde yaşanan en önemli sorunun tespit edilmesi amacıyla çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden biri olan AHP yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Nisan-Mayıs 2020 tarihlerinde bir sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulunda eğitim gören tıbbi dokümantasyon ve sekreterlik programı öğrencileri ile görüşülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda uzaktan eğitim sürecinde ortaya çıkan en önemli sorunun fiziki koşullar ile ilgili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın literatüre ve uzaktan eğitim sürecinde aktif rol oynayan eğiticilere katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir
EPISTEMOLOGIA DO ESTUDO DOS ATORES NOS PLANEJAMENTOS MILITARES
Authors: Sochaczewski André Gabriel
Published: November 2020

O estudo dos atores envolvidos em conflitos e suas relações, entre os mesmos ouseu próprio ambiente, desenvolve um papel central nos planejamentos militares,que podem ser mais eficientes se esse estudo for bem elaborado e consistente.Contudo, como nos Estudos de Segurança os atores ganham grande relevância, oaprofundamento no conhecimento do “processo de securitização” faz-se tambémnecessário para o estudo dos mesmos. Adicionalmente, falhas cognitivas sãoobservadas durante a análise dos conflitos, demandando atenção quanto aos seusimpactos nos referidos planejamentos. Assim, este trabalho busca investigar osfundamentos relacionados a tal estudo, bem como evidenciar as suas possíveisfalhas, visando estabelecer uma metodologia apropriada para essa análise.
AMAZÔNIA AZUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Simone Almeida Resende Erica , Tavares Cardoso Nayara
Published: November 2020

Em 2004, o Brasil submeteu pedido de reconhecimento da extensão de suaplataforma continental para além do limite de 200 milhas à Comissão do Limitesda Plataforma Continental (CLPC) da ONU. O presente artigo analisa a evoluçãonormativa sobre a regulação da extensão da plataforma continental, e as implicaçõesdo pleito brasileiro na ONU, com atenção especial à política de segurança e defensano Atlântico Sul.