bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryl Ketones (IV) via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Arylboronic Acids (I) with Iodoarenes (II).
Authors: ISHIYAMA T. , KIZAKI H. , MIYAURA N. , SUZUKI A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Hydration of Nitriles into Amides.
Authors: BREUILLES P. , LECLERC R. , UGUEN D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of 3,3‐difluoro‐1‐propene Derivatives.
Authors: TELLIER F. , SAUVETRE R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis. Asymmetric Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroacylation of 4‐Pentenals Using Chiral Rhodium Diphosphine Catalysts.
Authors: BARNHART R. W. , WANG X. , NOHEDA P. , BERGENS S. H. , WHELAN J. , BOSNICH B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Fused Ribbons of Carbocyclic‐Six‐Membered Rings via Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions. Part 1. Model Studies and Key Intermediates.
Authors: CORY R. M. , MCPHAIL C. L. , DIKMANS A. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of C60 with Diacyl Peroxides Containing Perfluoroalkyl Groups. The First Example of Electron Transfer Reaction via C60+. in Solution.
Authors: YOSHIDA M. , MORINAGA Y. , IYODA Y. , KIKUCHI K. , IKEMOTO I. , ACHIBA Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Axially Dissymmetric Pyrrole as a Novel Chiral Building Block: Synthesis, Characterization and Application to the First “ Predetermined” Synthesis of a Chiral Atropisomeric Porphyrin with Molecular Asymmetry.
Authors: FURUSHO Y. , AIDA T. , INOUE S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Double Mannich Condensation Reaction of o‐ Phthalaldehyde with p‐Substituted Anilines in the Presence of 1,2,3‐1H‐ Benzotriazole.
Authors: TAKAHASHI I. , TSUZUKI M. , YOKOTA H. , KITAJIMA H. , ISA K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stable Tridentate Carbene Ligand (IV).
Authors: DIAS H. V. R. , JIN W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Syntheses of Heterocycles: One‐Pot Facile Syntheses of 1,4‐Diaryl‐2‐mercaptoimidazoles, 2‐(α‐Anilinoacetyl) thiophenes and 1‐Aryl‐2‐mercapto‐4‐(2‐thienyl)imidazoles from Aryl/2‐ Thienyl Methyl Ketones.
Authors: PRAKASH O. , RANJANA RANJANA , SAINI N. , GOYAL S. , TOMAR R. K. , SINGH S. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Addition of Nucleophiles to 1‐ Phenoxycarbonyl‐2,3‐dihydropyridinium Salts.
Authors: COMINS D. L. , CHUNG G. , FOLEY M. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of 2‐Oxo‐2H‐pyrano(2,3‐f)quinoline Derivatives (III).
Authors: FAJGELJ S. , GOLIC L. , STANOVNIK B. , TISLER M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐1‐carboxylic Acid with Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates. Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐ or Arylcarbamoyl‐β‐carbolines.
Authors: LOPEZ‐RODRIGUEZ M. L. , MORCILLO J. , GIL P. J. , ROSADO L. , VENTURA P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Clefts Derived from Tetracyclo(6.3.0. 04,11.05,9)undecane‐3,6‐dione and Tricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undecane‐3,11‐ dione.
Authors: HADDADIN M. J. , WANG Y. , FRENKEL S. , BOTT S. G. , YANG L. , BRATERMAN P. S. , CARVALLO C. , MARCHAND A. P. , WATSON W. H. , KASHYAP R. P. , KRAWIEC M. , BOURNE S. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylated Pyrimidines Starting from β‐ Trifluoroacetyllactams, ‐lactone, and ‐cyclanone.
Authors: BOUILLON J.‐P. , BOUILLON V. , WYNANTS C. , JANOUSEK Z. , VIEHE H. G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Route for the Generation of C‐7 Substituted Azepinones.
Authors: ROBL J. A. , CIMARUSTI M. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Specific Binding Property of A New Doubly Armed Crownophane.
Authors: INOKUMA S. , YASUDA T. , ARAKI S. , SAKAI S. , NISHIMURA J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of the Phenyldimethylsilyl Group to α,β‐ Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Using a Silylzincate in Place of the Silylcuprate.
Authors: CRUMP R. A. N. C. , FLEMING I. , URCH C. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazole and Selenazole Derivatives with Affinity for the Odorant‐Binding Protein.
Authors: NAPOLITANO E. , PELOSI P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 1‐Telluroalkylphosphonates: New Synthetic Route to Vinyl Tellurides.
Authors: LEE C.‐W. , KOH Y. J. , OH D. Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of Selenium‐Directed (2 + 2) Cycloadditions: Concise Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Fragranol.
Authors: YAMAZAKI S. , FUJITSUKA H. , TAKARA F. , INOUE T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On Steroids. Part 372. Synthesis of Some Epitestosterone Analogues.
Authors: CHODOUNSKA H. , SLAVIKOVA B. , KASAL A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of NodRm‐1: The Nodulation Factor Involved in Rhizobium meliloti‐legume Symbiosis
Authors: WANG L.‐X. , LI C. , WANG Q.‐W. , HUI Y.‐Z.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of the Pyrroloquinoline Nucleus of the Makaluvamine Alkaloids. Synthesis of the Topoisomerase II Inhibitor Makaluvamine D ( XI).
Authors: WHITE J. D. , YAGER K. M. , YAKURA T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Spiroacetals from Chiral Diketodisulfoxides: 2,8‐Dimethyl‐1,7‐dioxaspiro(5,5)undecane.
Authors: SOLLADIE G. , HUSER N.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ellagitannin Chemistry. The First Total Chemical Synthesis of an Ellagitannin Natural Product, Tellimagrandin I (IV).
Authors: FELDMAN K. S. , ENSEL S. M. , MINARD R. D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Revised Structures for the Kinamycin Antibiotics: 5‐Diazobenzo(b) fluorenes Rather Than Benzo(b)carbazole Cyanamides.
Authors: GOULD S. J. , TAMAYO N. , MELVILLE C. R. , CONE M. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (E)‐9,10,13‐Trihydroxy‐11‐octadecenoic Acids.
Authors: KATO T. , HIRUKAWA T. , YANO M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fullerene Production
Authors: LAMB L. D. , HUFFMAN D. R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Aziridines ‐ Synthesis and Stereoselective Transformations
Authors: TANNER D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Partial or Complete Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Liquid Organic or Aqueous Phases
Authors: PICHAT P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mathematical Modeling of Solute Segregation in Solidifying Materials
Authors: BATTLE T. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influences of task complexity, object location, and object type on hand selection in reaching in left and right‐handed children and adults
Authors: Bryden Pamela J. , Mayer M. , Roy E.A.
Published: September 2010

The effects of task complexity, object location, and object type on reaching behavior were examined. Two hundred ninety‐two right‐handed and 38 left‐handed participants (grouped into five age groups) were asked to pick up or pick up and use objects in different regions of peripersonal space. It was found that individuals used their nonpreferred‐hand more often in contralateral space than at the midline position. Using an object resulted in significantly more preferred‐hand reaches than picking up an object. Furthermore, task complexity, object location, and object type interacted with each other depending upon age group and hand preference. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53: 47–58, 2011.
Antennal sensilla of the pine weevil Pissodes nitidus Roel. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Yan Shan‐Chun , Meng Zhao‐Jun , Peng Lu , Liu Dan
Published: September 2010

The antennal sensilla of the pine weevil (Pissodes nitidus Roel.) were observed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The weevil antenna consists of a long scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum with 10 segments; the last four flagellum segments are fused, forming the antennal club, which is densely covered by various sensilla. In both sexes, six types of sensilla, sensilla palmate 1‐4, sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichoid, sensilla basiconic 1‐2, sensilla rod‐like 1‐3, sensilla falciform, were identified. Sensilla palmate represent a unique sensillum type in the Pissodes genus, and named here after their palmate shape, also represent the most abundant sensillum type. The TEM analysis of sensilla palmate represents the first such analysis of this sensillum type, and we speculate that the sensilla have an olfactory function. The sensilla trichoid and chaetica were evenly distributed on the three or four hair bands of the club, with much lower numbers than the palmate sensilla. No significant sexual differences in the types, numbers, and distribution of the antennal sensilla were found except for the size. TEM observation indicated that sensilla chaetica and trichoid may function as olfactory sensors. The putative functions of other sensilla type were also discussed with reference to their morphology, distribution, and ultrastructure. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of interaction mechanisms on zirconia‐based polystyrene HPLC column
Authors: Janečková Lucie , Kalíková Květa , Bosáková Zuzana , Tesařová Eva
Published: September 2010

Separation systems with a zirconia‐based polystyrene HPLC column were characterized by different approaches, which allowed the recognition of interactions participating in the separation environments. Zirconia‐based HPLC columns as an alternative to silica‐based ones offer unique interaction mechanism based on Lewis acid–base theory. Besides hydrophobic interactions with the modified surface of the zirconia carrier it includes ion‐exchange and ligand‐exchange interactions that are helpful in the separation of many bioactive compounds. Three distinct approaches were applied for description of the complex separation mechanism. General chromatographic tests by Walters, Engelhardt and Galushko were applied to evaluate the fundamental properties of the systems – hydrophobicity and polarity. The complex model of linear free energy relationship described the interactions from the qualitative and quantitative points of view more in detail. Application of a set of basic compounds revealed the contribution of ion‐exchange interactions participating in the separation systems.
Heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in liquid‐crystal NMR using supercycled SWf‐TPPM sequences
Authors: Augustine Cyril , Kurur Narayanan D.
Published: September 2010

Heteronuclear dipolar decoupling is an essential requirement for extracting structural information from the 13C NMR spectra of liquid crystals. Efficient schemes for heteronuclear dipolar decoupling in such systems are formulated here by supercycling SWf‐TPPM, a sequence introduced recently for this purpose in rotating solids. These sequences are compared with two other commonly used decoupling schemes in liquid‐crystal NMR, SPINAL‐64 and SWf‐TPPM, by analyzing the intensities of various resonances in the proton decoupled 13C spectrum of the liquid‐crystal 4‐n‐pentyl‐4′‐cyanobiphenyl (5CB). The effectiveness of the decoupling programs with respect to experimental parameters such as RF field strength, decoupler offset frequency and phase angle is also presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organische Chemiker der Universität Berlin
Authors: Kröhnke F.
Published: September 2010

Prof. Dr.F. Kröhnke, Ordinarius für Chemie an der Universität Gießen, verfaßte zur 150. Wiederkehr des Gründungsjahres der Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität zu Berlin 1960 den hier folgenden Beitrag.

Wir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. E. Neumann, Rektor der Freien Universität Berlin, sowie dem Verlag Walter de Gruyter u. Co., Berlin, für die Erlaubnis des Nachdrucks.

Er enthält manches Neue, bisher wenig Bekanntes.
Overcoming extreme obesity with robotic surgery
Authors: Stone Pamela , Burnett Alexander , Burton Brian , Roman Juan
Published: September 2010

Background

Obesity is often associated with endometrial cancer and has posed a challenge in surgical management. Complications such as wound breakdown, respiratory challenges, cardiac complications and difficult intubations are associated with obesity. For the patient with uterine cancer, surgery is necessary for staging, control of symptoms and cure. With the advent of the da Vinci™ intuitive robot, alternative surgical options can now be offered to these patients. While surgery is the principal modality for the treatment and management of uterine cancer, the morbidly obese patient faces increased complications and longer postoperative recovery. As studied in the LAP2, comparable outcomes have been noted in laparotomy vs laparoscopic surgery. Recently, minimally invasive surgery has been refined with the advent of the da Vinci robotic system. Applying a minimally invasive technique further enhanced with the da Vinci robotic system, a total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed on a patient with a BMI of 98.

Methods

A 35 year‐old G0 woman with a BMI of 98 presented with heavy vaginal bleeding and anaemia. She was diagnosed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus, FIGO grade 1. She was treated with a robotically assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy.

Results

Her postoperative course was uncomplicated and she was discharged home on post‐operative day 1.

Conclusions

Since obesity is a significant risk factor for endometrial cancer and the prevalence of obesity is increasing, developing surgical techniques to appropriately manage these patients is important. Minimally invasive surgery, specifically with robotic assistance, has increased the possibilities of performing minimally invasive surgery in morbidly obese women. It allows navigation around anatomical barriers and decreases the fatigue experienced by the surgeons. With the increasing obesity of our population and the high prevalence of uterine cancer, further advancement of equipment, anaesthesia and surgical techniques to accommodate the larger patient while decreasing complications have yet to be standardized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The density of extracellular matrix proteins regulates inflammation and insulin signaling in adipocytes
Authors: Li Qinkai , Hata Akiko , Kosugi Chisato , Kataoka Nananko , Funaki Makoto
Published: September 2010

MINT‐7992217: Irs1 (uniprotkb:P35569) physically interacts (MI:0915) with phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase 85 kDa regulatory subunit alpha (uniprotkb:P26450) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
Cytology versus visual inspection with acetic acid among women treated previously with cryotherapy in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Cremer Miriam , Bullard Kimberley , Maza Mauricio , Peralta Ethel , Moore Elizabeth , Garcia Lydia , Masch Rachel , Lerner Veronica , Alonzo Todd A. , Felix Juan
Published: September 2010

Objective

To compare visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) with conventional cervical cytology as a follow‐up cervical cancer screening method in women who had been treated previously with cryotherapy.

Methods

Salvadoran women screened with VIA and treated with cryotherapy within 3 years were eligible to participate. Study participants were rescreened with VIA, Pap smear, colposcopy, 4‐quandrant biopsy, and endocervical curettage.

Results

Of 147 women enrolled in the study, post‐cryotherapy VIA was positive in 39 women (26.5%; 95% CI, 19.6%–34.4%). Of these 39, 1 woman had CIN 1 or higher on biopsy. Post‐cryotherapy Pap smear was positive (ASCUS or higher) in 6 women (4.1%; 95% CI, 1.5%–8.7%). Of these 6, 2 women had CIN 1 or higher on biopsy. Post‐cryotherapy specificity was significantly higher for Pap compared with VIA (95.8% [138/144]; 95% CI, 91.2%–98.5% vs 73.6% [106/144]; 95% CI, 65.6%–80.6%; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

As the single‐visit approach for cervical cancer screening gains popularity, more women will have been treated with cryotherapy. Appropriate follow‐up screening is therefore vital. Cytology may be a more suitable screening method than VIA in low‐resource settings for women treated previously with cryotherapy.
Gender differences in the meanings consumers infer from music and other aesthetic stimuli
Authors: Meyers‐Levy Joan , Zhu Rui (Juliet)
Published: September 2010

Music can convey two meanings: one referential that consists of descriptive associations, and another embodied that is purely hedonic. We reasoned that consumer characteristics such as one's gender and Need for Cognition (NFC) can affect which meaning(s) of ad background music people use when forming product perceptions. Yet, are such meanings and their use unique to music, or could they extend to other forms of aesthetics? Two studies explore these issues, revealing parallel outcomes when background materials contain either music or graphic art designs: high (low) NFC males are sensitive to only referential (embodied) meaning, whereas females use both meanings.
Freedom in Machinery
Authors: Phillips Jack
Published: September 2010

Does a machine run well by virtue of its accuracies, or its freedoms? This work presents an exciting, diagrammatic display of the hidden geometry of freedom and constraint. It bolsters the imaginative design of robots, but applies across all fields of machinery. The figures and their captions comprise alone a self-standing story, and this connects effectively with the rigorously argued text. The seamless combination of the two volumes (1984, 1990) renders the internal cross-referencing (forward and backward within the volumes) easier to look up. The appearance of this paperback is a clear testament to the work's ongoing readership. The term screw theory occurs throughout. This relates (after Ball) to the book's philosophy; and one might equally mention kinetostatics (after Federhofer). An all-pervading, counter-intuitive fact accordingly presents itself: while, analogously, angular velocity relates to force, linear velocity relates to couple. A direct consequence of Freedom in Machinery is a more recent book by the same author. Specifically titled General Spatial Involute Gearing and published in Germany (2003), it exemplifies the many ways in which Freedom in Machinery clarifies the enigmatic field of spatial mechanism. That field continuously expands with the current, continuous thrust of ordinary engineering practice.
To Measure the Sky
Authors: Chromey Frederick R.
Published: September 2010

With a lively yet rigorous and quantitative approach, Frederick R. Chromey introduces the fundamental topics in optical observational astronomy for undergraduates. Focussing on the basic principles of light detection, telescope optics, coordinate systems and data analysis, students are introduced to modern astronomical observation techniques and measurements. Cutting-edge technologies such as advanced CCD detectors and adaptive optics are presented through the physical principles on which they are based, helping students understand the power of modern space and ground-based telescopes, and the motivations and limitations of future development. Discussion of statistics and measurement uncertainty enables students to confront the important questions of data quality. With a purposeful structure and clear approach, this is an essential resource for all students of observational astronomy. It explains the theoretical foundations for observational practices and reviews essential physics to support students' mastery of the subject. Student understanding is strengthened through over 120 exercises and problems.
International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict
Authors: KALYVAS STATHIS N. , BALCELLS LAIA
Published: September 2010

Because they are chiefly domestic conflicts, civil wars have been studied primarily from a perspective stressing domestic factors. We ask, instead, whether (and how) the international system shapes civil wars; we find that it does shape the way in which they are fought—their “technology of rebellion.” After disaggregating civil wars into irregular wars (or insurgencies), conventional wars, and symmetric nonconventional wars, we report a striking decline of irregular wars following the end of the Cold War, a remarkable transformation of internal conflict. Our analysis brings the international system back into the study of internal conflict. It specifies the connection between system polarity and the Cold War on the one hand and domestic warfare on the other hand. It also demonstrates that irregular war is not the paradigmatic mode of civil war as widely believed, but rather is closely associated with the structural characteristics of the Cold War.
The unidirectional emptying box
Authors: COFFEY C. J. , HUNT G. R.
Published: September 2010

A theoretical description of the turbulent mixing within and the draining of a dense fluid layer from a box connected to a uniform density, quiescent environment through openings in the top and the base of the box is presented in this paper. This is an extension of the draining model developed by Linden et al. (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. vol. 31, 1990, pp. 201–238) and includes terms that describe localized mixing within the emptying box at the density interface. Mixing is induced by a turbulent flow of replacement fluid into the box and as a consequence we predict, and observe in complementary experiments, the development of a three-layer stratification. Based on the data collated from previous researchers, three distinct formulations for entrainment fluxes across density interfaces are used to account for this localized mixing. The model was then solved numerically for the three mixing formulations. Analytical solutions were developed for one formulation directly and for a second on assuming that localized mixing is relatively weak though still significant in redistributing buoyancy on the timescale of the draining process. Comparisons between our theoretical predictions and the experimental data, which we have collected on the developing layer depths and their densities show good agreement. The differences in predictions between the three mixing formulations suggest that the normalized flux turbulently entrained across a density interface tends to a constant value for large values of a Froude number FrT, based on conditions of the inflow through the top of the box, and scales as the cube of FrT for small values of FrT. The upper limit on the rate of entrainment into the mixed layer results in a minimum time (tD) to remove the original dense layer. Using our analytical solutions, we bound this time and show that 0.2tE ≲ tD ≲ tE, i.e. the original dense layer may be depleted up to five times more rapidly than when there is no internal mixing and the box empties in a time tE.
Magnetization of electron–positron plasmas by Laguerre–Gaussian light beams
Authors: SHUKLA P. K. , ELIASSON B.
Published: September 2010

It is shown that the relativistic ponderomotive force of intense circularly polarized Laguerre–Gaussian electromagnetic beams can create the space charge electric field, which sets differential motions of the electrons and positrons in an electron–positron plasma. The resulting plasma current, in turn, creates quasi-stationary magnetic fields due to Faraday's law.
Two new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Paramarylynnia (Chromadorida: Cyatholaimidae) from the Yellow Sea, China
Authors: Huang Yong , Sun Jing
Published: September 2010

Two new species of free-living marine nematodes Paramarylynnia filicaudata sp. nov. and Paramarylynnia stenocervica sp. nov. from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Paramarylynnia filicaudata sp. nov. is characterized by a homogeneous cuticle with transverse rows of even dots; spicules boat-shaped, swollen in the middle and gradually tapering towards both ends; tail conical with a long filiform terminal portion and without subventral setae on the conical part. Paramarylynnia stenocervica sp. nov. is characterized by the marked narrower anterior part of the neck region; heterogeneous cuticle with transverse rows of punctations and the punctations of anterior contracted portion larger and more widely spaced than the remaining portion; spicules curved and cephalate proximally; gubernaculum boat-shaped, swollen in the middle and gradually tapering towards both ends, five small tubular precloacal supplements.
Relationship of monoamine oxidase A binding to adaptive and maladaptive personality traits
Authors: Soliman A. , Bagby R. M. , Wilson A. A. , Miler L. , Clark M. , Rusjan P. , Sacher J. , Houle S. , Meyer J. H.
Published: September 2010

Background

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is an important enzyme that metabolizes monoamines such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. In prefrontal cortex, low MAOA binding is associated with aggression and high binding is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and also risk for recurrence of depressive episodes. In rodent models, low MAOA levels are associated with increased aggression and fear conditioning, and decreased social and exploratory investigative behaviors. Our objective was to measure MAOA binding in prefrontal cortex and concurrently evaluate a broad range of validated personality traits. We hypothesized that prefrontal MAOA binding would correlate negatively with angry-hostility, a trait related to aggression/anger, and positively with traits intuitively related to adaptive investigative behavior.

Method

Participants were aged 19–49 years, healthy and non-smoking. MAOA binding was measured with [11C]harmine positron emission tomography (PET) in prefrontal brain regions and personality traits were measured with the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R).

Results

Prefrontal MAOA binding correlated negatively with angry-hostility (r=−0.515, p=0.001) and positively with deliberation (r=0.514, p=0.001). In a two-factor regression model, these facets explained 38% of variance in prefrontal MAOA binding. A similar relationship was found in prefrontal cortex subregions.

Conclusions

We propose a new continuum describing the relationship between personality and MAOA: deliberate/thoughtful contrasting aggressive/impulsive. Additionally, the association between high MAOA binding and greater deliberation may explain why some people have moderately high levels of MAOA, although very high levels occur during MDD. In health, higher MAOA binding is associated with an adaptive personality facet.
The ultimate sacrifice and the ethics of humanitarian intervention
Authors: BAER DANIEL
Published: September 2010

The discourse about the morality of humanitarian intervention – though undeniably well- (over-?) trodden in recent years – has two critical gaps. First, despite its central moral concern with the rights and lives of individuals living under massively oppressive states or terrible conditions, and despite its powerful attacks on traditional notions of state sovereignty, the discourse remains statist. Humanitarian intervention understood as something that states do, and if there is a right or responsibility to intervene it is a right or responsibility held by states. The second gap in the discourse follows from the first: because we think of humanitarian intervention as something that states do, the role of the individual soldiers who make up the intervening force – their rights and responsibilities – has been undertheorised.

This article argues that a reconsideration of the role of individuals in the context of humanitarian intervention not only helps us to ensure that interventions are carried out in a manner consistent with their own justice claims, but also to recapture the moral heroism of those individuals who willingly sacrifice for the rights and lives of others. Although the moral issues raised here may demand a more constrained politics of humanitarian intervention, they also ultimately have an emancipating effect.
How far is it from Königsberg to Kandahar? Democratic peace and democratic violence in International Relations
Authors: GEIS ANNA , WAGNER WOLFGANG
Published: September 2010

Over the last two decades, there has been a ‘democratic turn’ in peace and conflict research, that is, the peculiar impact of democratic politics on a wide range of security issues has attracted more and more attention. Many of these studies are inspired by Immanuel Kant's famous essay on ‘Perpetual Peace’. In this article, we present a critical discussion of the ‘democratic distinctiveness programme’ that emerged from the Democratic Peace debate and soon spread to cover a wider range of foreign policy issues. The bulk of this research has to date been based on an overly optimistic reading of a ‘Kantian peace’. In particular, the manifold forms of violence that democracies have exerted, have been treated either as a challenge to the Democratic Peace proposition or as an undemocratic contaminant and pre-democratic relict. In contrast, we argue that forms of ‘democratic violence’ should no longer be kept at arm's length from the democratic distinctiveness programme but instead should be elevated to a main field of study. While we acknowledge the benefits of this expanding research programme, we also address a number of normative pitfalls implied in this scholarship such as lending legitimacy to highly questionable foreign policy practices by Western democracies. We conclude with suggestions for a more self-reflexive and ‘critical’ research agenda of a ‘democratically turned’ peace and conflict studies, inspired by the Frankfurt school tradition.
Simulation of rigid-body impact using the articulated-body algorithm
Authors: Carvalho André , Suleman Afzal
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a numerical algorithm to model the impact between articulated structures, or between an articulated structure and an object. The proposed algorithm, called impulse articulated-body algorithm (IABA), is based on the ABA but uses impulses and velocities rather than forces and accelerations. The algorithm also inherits the advantages of the ABA: versatility and low computational cost. The IABA provides a method to determine the impact impulse, without increasing the order of the algorithm.
Avoiding families and Tukey functions on the nowhere-dense ideal
Authors: Solecki Sławomir , Todorcevic Stevo
Published: September 2010

We investigate Tukey functions from the ideal of all closed nowhere-dense subsets of 2ℕ. In particular, we answer an old question of Isbell and Fremlin by showing that this ideal is not Tukey reducible to the ideal of density zero subsets of ℕ. We also prove non-existence of various special types of Tukey reductions from the nowhere-dense ideal to analytic P-ideals. In connection with these results, we study families$\mathcal{F}$of clopen subsets of 2ℕwith the property that for each nowhere-dense subset of 2ℕthere is a set in$\mathcal{F}$not intersecting it. We call such families avoiding.
On the multispacecraft determination of periodic surface wave phase speeds and wavelengths
Authors: Foullon C. , Farrugia C. J. , Fazakerley A. N. , Owen C. J. , Gratton F. T. , Torbert R. B.
Published: September 2010

Observations of surface waves on the magnetopause indicate a wide range of phase velocities and wavelengths. Their multispacecraft analysis allows a more precise determination of wave characteristics than ever before and reveal shortcomings of approximations to the phase speed that take a predetermined fraction of the magnetosheath speed or the average flow velocity in the boundary layer. We show that time lags between two or more spacecraft can give a qualitative upper estimate, and we confirm the unreliability of flow approximations often used by analyzing a few cases. Using two‐point distant magnetic field observations and spectral analysis of the tailward magnetic field component, we propose an alternative method to estimate the wavelength and phase speed at a single spacecraft from a statistical fit to the data at the other site.
AAC Use by People With TBI: Affects of Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Wallace Sarah E.
Published: September 2010

Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to compensate for communication impairments. However, various cognitive impairments resulting from TBI affect AAC intervention and, thus, require special consideration. The purpose of this article is to address four areas that professionals who provide AAC may need to consider as part of their service provision to people with TBI: (a) the evolution of AAC use during the recovery process, (b) the effect of cognitive impairments on multimodal communication, (c) appropriate message representation, and (d) difficulties with AAC navigation resulting from cognitive impairments. Finally, this paper provides some suggestions and some areas of future research related to survivors of TBI use of AAC.
Vertically aligned ZnO nanodisks and their uses in bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Xu Congkang , Yang Kaikun , Huang Liwei , Wang Howard
Published: September 2010

A new approach has been developed for fabricating vertically aligned ZnO nanodisks (ZONDs) on indium tin oxide coated glass for photovoltaic devices. ZONDs with a thickness of ∼40 nm and diameter from ∼150 nm to 2 μm have been synthesized via chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures of ∼320 °C. As-synthesized nanodisks are single crystalline and have broad photoluminescence emission. ZOND arrays have been used to construct bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices together with neat poly(3-hexylethiophene) (P3HT) or (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and P3HT blends, respectively. The P3HT/ZOND hybrid solar cell has a power conversion efficiency of up to 0.212%, a fill factor of 0.36, and an open circuit voltage of 341 mV, whereas the P3HT:PCBM/ZOND solar cell has a power conversion efficiency of 1.21%, a fill factor of 0.46, and a open circuit voltage of 445 mV.
Growth of monolayer graphene on 8° off-axis 4H–SiC (000–1) substrates with application to quantum transport devices
Authors: Camara N. , Jouault B. , Caboni A. , Jabakhanji B. , Desrat W. , Pausas E. , Consejo C. , Mestres N. , Godignon P. , Camassel J.
Published: September 2010

Using high temperature annealing conditions with a graphite cap covering the C-face of an 8° off-axis 4H–SiC sample, large and homogeneous single epitaxial graphene layers have been grown. Raman spectroscopy shows evidence of the almost free-standing character of these monolayer graphene sheets, which was confirmed by magnetotransport measurements. We find a moderate p-type doping, high carrier mobility, and half integer quantum Hall effect typical of high quality graphene samples. This opens the way to a fully compatible integration of graphene with SiC devices on the wafers that constitute the standard in today’s SiC industry.
Reduction of water evaporation in polymerase chain reaction microfluidic devices based on oscillating-flow
Authors: Polini Alessandro , Mele Elisa , Sciancalepore Anna Giovanna , Girardo Salvatore , Biasco Adriana , Camposeo Andrea , Cingolani Roberto , Weitz David A. , Pisignano Dario
Published: September 2010

Producing polymeric or hybrid microfluidic devices operating at high temperatures with reduced or no water evaporation is a challenge for many on-chip applications including polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We study sample evaporation in polymeric and hybrid devices, realized by glass microchannels for avoiding water diffusion toward the elastomer used for chip fabrication. The method dramatically reduces water evaporation in PCR devices that are found to exhibit optimal stability and effective operation under oscillating-flow. This approach maintains the flexibility, ease of fabrication, and low cost of disposable chips, and can be extended to other high-temperature microfluidic biochemical reactors.
Generation of a static magnetic field-free line using two Maxwell coil pairs
Authors: Knopp Tobias , Erbe Marlitt , Sattel Timo F. , Biederer Sven , Buzug Thorsten M.
Published: September 2010

In this paper, the generation of a magnetic field-free line (FFL) along a constant direction is investigated. It is shown that an FFL gradient field can be generated by two perpendicular Maxwell coil pairs. These coils can be used for imaging distributions of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with high sensitivity applying the magnetic particle imaging technique. To this end, the FFL has to be rapidly moved back and forth while either the object or the coil assembly rotates slowly. The field quality of the proposed coil setup is assessed by manufacturing a prototype and measuring the magnetic field using a Hall-effect sensor.
Radio waves map matter without counting galaxies
Authors: Miller Johanna
Published: September 2010

A new technique for charting the large-scale structure of the universe has received its first experimental demonstration.