bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF CONTENTS OF STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES AND LIGNIN OF PERENNIAL FODDER HERBAGES DEPENDING ON VEGETATIVE STAGE GROWTH
Authors: KHUDYAKOVA Hatima K , SHITIKOVA Aleksandra V , ZARENKOVA Nadezhda V , KUKHARENKOVA Olga V , KONSTANTINOVICH Anastasiia V
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate cereal grasses – Bromus inermis, Festuca pratensis, Phleum pratense, and legumes: Trifolium pratense, Medicago varia in terms of their content of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent lignin (ADL) and hemicellulose (HC), cellulose depending on phases of vegetation – grasses: at vegetative, earing and flowering; legumes– vegetative. It was found that as the herbs grow, an increase in all fractions of the cell walls of leguminous herbs is observed, the cell walls occupy a smaller fraction of dry matter than in grasses, due to the lower HC content in them –10-12%, compared with 25-30% in grasses. The contents of ADF, NDF and ADL (% of dry matter) in grasses prior earing are 31-31, 50-55, 4-6: in earing – 32-37, 55-65, 5-6; in flowering – 40-45, 65-70 and 70-72, 7-9, respectively. Legumes have a higher content of ADL. As plants grow, the relative proportion of ADF in NDF increases, but it does not exceed 50% in grasses. In legumes – 70-80% regardless of the growth phase, explains the lower digestibility of legumes than grasses. To judge the levels of ADF and NDF in herbs, depending on the content of crude fibre (CF), the corresponding regression equations were calculated for grasses and feed prepared from them. The relationship between CF and ADF was closer (n = 64, s = 2.4%, r = 0.93) than between CF and ADL (n = 64, s = 4.4%, r = 0.87). Based on these studies and generalisation of the literature data, ADF and NDF in hay and haylage standard are recommended.
POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER CROPS IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: GORYANINA Tatiana A
Published: August 2021

The study of winter crop cultivars was carried out in the breeding fields of the Samara Agricultural Research Institute, located in the steppe zone of the Middle Volga region, in the nursery of competitive testing in 2002-2019. For calculations, 5 varieties of winter rye, 6 varieties of winter triticale, and 2 varieties of winter wheat were taken. For scientific justification, the authors calculated the potential productivity (Yp), the actual possible potential yield (Ypp a), the maximum possible potential yield (Ypp m), the bioclimatic potential (BCP), and correlation analysis. The study aims to calculate the possible yield of winter crops to substantiate the data obtained scientifically. In the dry conditions of Bezenchuk, the maximum yield of triticale was obtained in 2017 – 7.48 t/ha, rye – 5.88 t/ha, and in 2016 for wheat – 4.65 t/ha. Potential productivity, taking into account ΣT>10 °C for the vegetation period of the crop, for triticale in 2017, 3.02 t/ha, for winter rye in 2005, 6.83 t/ha, for winter wheat in 2005-2.79 t/ha. The variation of the indicator (BCP) over the years reached significantly higher values from 0.62 to 1.16 points for winter rye, from 0.30 to 0.60 for winter triticale and winter wheat. The trend of the interrelations between yield is observed with the length of the vegetation period, with a set of climatic conditions for the springsummer period. The triticale vegetation duration depends on the precipitation in May and on the set of conditions in June. The winter rye vegetation duration depends on the temperatures during the sowing-germination period and on the sum of active temperatures during vegetation.
THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D AS A NEW MARKER ON THE WOMEN INFERTILITY
Authors: MOHAMMED Najla Salim , AL-JAWADI Zena Abdul Monim
Published: August 2021

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) is essential to the proper functioning of the human body. This vitamin belongs to fat-soluble vitamins, responsible for stimulating the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It has been recently observed that vitamin D may be related to cases of female infertility. This study aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D on female infertility by analyzing hormonal and biochemical parameters. Estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH, total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, vitamin D, and BMI were tested in 60 women with infertility and 40 fertile women as a control group. The results showed a highly significant elevation in LH concentration, Triglyceride, LDL, and BMI in infertile women, compared to the healthy women at a significant P = 0.025, P = 0.01, P = 0.05, and P = 0.001, respectively. Also, a significant low elevation in the concentration of estrogen, progesterone, FSH, HDL, and vitamin D in infertile women when compared to the healthy women at a significant level of P = 0.01, P = 0.039, P = 0.05, P = 0.05, and P = 0.001, respectively was observed. This vitamin had a strong positive relationship with progesterone, FSH, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL. It was also proved a significant inverse correlation to LH, estrogen, TG, VLDL, and BMI. It could be concluded that there is a significant decrease in the level of vitamin D in infertile women compared with the group of healthy women, especially with high BMI. It could also be deduced that vitamin D can be a new marker of increasing infertility and miscarriage risk.
CHANGE IN BLOOD CHEMISTRY, PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, AND APOPTOTIC GENES FOLLOWING METHAMPHETAMINE USE IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: GOUDARZI Zahra , HOSEINI Seyed Ebrahim , MEHRABANI Davood , HASHEMI Seyedeh Sara
Published: August 2021

Methamphetamine (METH) is a globally heavily abused illicit substance with epidemic levels worldwide. This study aimed to investigate changes in blood chemistry and pro-inflammatory cytokines following methamphetamine use in experimental rats. A total of forty-five female rats were randomly devoted to three equal groups of experimental receiving METH subcutaneously (0.4 mg/kg, in 0.6 mL volume) for 21 days, sham received similarly 0.6 mL normal saline, and the control received 0.6 mL distilled water, identically. The elevated plus-maze test was used to confirm cognitive and anxiety changes following METH use until three weeks. Blood chemistry and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated after METH use until 21 days. The results showed an increase in anxiety. The serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukins of IL-15, IL-17, and adenosine deaminase xanthine oxidase levels were noted. However, white blood cell (WBC) count demonstrated a decreasing trend. There were no other changes in blood chemistry after METH use. It could be observed, however, that methamphetamine increases anxiety and makes some changes in blood chemistry and pro inflammatory cytokines. This study can help make better decisions about the prevention and even treatment of people taking methamphetamine.
PROTOTYPING MESH TURBINE WITH THE JET CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: SAZONOV Yu. A , MOKHOV M.  A , TUMANYAN Kh. A , FRANKOV M.  A , BALAKA N. N
Published: August 2021

The oil and gas market is unstable, which requires intensification of the exploratory research for working advanced and inexpensive pumping and compressor equipment out. Such equipment is crucial for more efficient hydrocarbon production. The ongoing research work is being undertaken to search and study new technical opportunities to develop advanced pumping and compressor equipment adapted to the complicated conditions of oil and gas production in solid abrasive particles in the flow of the pumped medium. New technology for gas compression has been evolved and further patented. The technology utilized a jet compressor unit to assist a turned on ejector while in the cyclic mode. Pulsed cycling of the ejector in contrary to continuous operation, increases the compression ratio of the multiplied gas. The energy recovery technology has been evolved, and further patented io increase the energy efficiency in the jet compressor unit. This technology applies a particular mesh turbine located at the flow part. The evolvement of smart turbines and compressor units was thoroughly researched. 3D-models have been developed in SOLIDWORKS 3D CAD system. The FloEFD software package of computational fluid dynamics has been used for computer modeling. In laboratory conditions, the performance of the mesh turbine prototype equipped with the jet control system has been successfully tested. Efficient and cheap compressor units solve many urgent issues in production connected with hydrocarbons extraction in harsh environments and those, which occur at the later stages of developing oil and gas fields. Specific research results can be used in other domains, including energy, transport, and robotics.
DYNAMIC MODELING OF TIME SERIES DATA USING BEKK-GARCH MODEL
Authors: USMAN Mustofa , INDRYANI N , A. WARSONO , WAMILIANA AMANTO
Published: August 2021

The Vector Autoregressive Moving Average (VARMA) model is one of the models that is often used in modeling multivariate time series data. In time-series data of economics, especially data return, they usually have high fluctuations in some periods, so the return volatility is unstable. In modeling data return of share prices ADRO and ITMG, the behavior of high volatility will be considered. This study aims to find the best model that fits the data return of share price of the energy companies of PT Adaro Energy Tbk (ADRO) and PT Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk (ITMG), to analyze the behavior of impulse response of the variables data return ADRO and ITMG, to analyze the granger causality test, and to forecast the next 12 periods. Based on the selection of the best model using the criteria of AICC, HQC, AIC, and SBC, it was found that the VARMA (2.2) -GARCH (1.1) model is the best one for the data in this study. The model VARMA(2,2)-GARCH (1,1) is then written as a univariate model. For the univariate ADRO model, the test statistics F = 4,73 and P-value = 0,0084, which indicates the model is very significant; and for the univariate ITMG model, the test statistics is F = 5,82 and P-value 0,0001, which indicates the model is significant. Based on the best model selected, the impulse response, Granger causality test, and forecasting for the next 12 periods are discussed.
EVALUATION THE ROLE OF VITAMIN C AS A RADIATION PROTECTIVE AGENT USING γ-H2AX FOR SIGNALING OF DNA DAMAGE ON IRRADIATED MICE TESTIS
Authors: ALANI Ekhlas A , ALMUSAWI Mustafa S , MAHDI Amar H
Published: August 2021

An interesting feature of ionizing radiation, especially Gamma and X-rays as a DNA damaging factor is the range of lesions it induces. γ-H2AX foci are documented to represent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as a biomarker for radiation-induced damage. Study design 42 adult male mice Albino BALB/c, had been divided randomly into 6 groups of seven mice each. Group 1 received a standard saline solution untreated also, do not expose to radiation. Group 2 mice received vitamin C (VC) (200 mg/kg.day) intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injected for 8 days without radiation. Group 3 control was exposed to γ-radiation. Group 4 control was exposed to X-ray radiation. Group 5 mice had been administrated with vitamin C in the identical dose of group 2 for 8 days, then exposed to (4 Gy) of γ-ray. Group 6 was administrated with vitamin dose in the same above and the same period, then exposed to (4 Gy) of X-ray. All groups had been sacrificed by cervical dislocation at (1, 3, and 24 h). Post radiation testis mice tissues were collected. A significant difference (P 0.05) between the group of vitamin C and with a control group exposed to both (γ, X-rays) in foci forming, but there is no significant difference (P 0.05) between γ and X- rays for the control and vitamin C groups. The results demonstrate that vitamin C is a good radioprotective agent for testis mice tissues; the effect of (γ and X-rays) had almost the same results on the mice testicle tissues with the same dose.
STATISTICAL REASONING OF VARIABILITY IN THE NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF STUDENTS
Authors: RAHMATINA Desi , NUSANTARA Toto , PARTA I. Nengah , SUSANTO Hery , AS ARI Abdur Rahman
Published: August 2021

Statistical reasoning is the way people reason with statistical ideas and make sense of statistical information. Statistical reasoning plays a major role and is essential when individuals are faced with daily phenomena such as educational achievement. Variability is a fundamental component of statistical reasoning. This study aimed to investigate the process of statistical reasoning observed from the students' narration based on the task of variability. The statistical reasoning process used in this study is in analyzing and interpreting the data. There are three indicators used in statistical reasoning, namely students’ narrative in comparing variability, making conclusions, and making decisions based on the ogive graph. There were 108 students involved in this study in Mathematics Education; 49 were selected as research subjects. The subject was chosen because they had carried out a statistical reasoning process using narrative with "make sense" without doing mathematical calculations in completing the task. Two of the 49 students were selected to be interviewed. This study used two instruments, namely a written task and a semi-structured interview guide. The data were analyzed using qualitative methods with an exploratory, descriptive design. This study indicates that two forms of narrative emerge when students undertake a process of statistical reasoning, namely a consistent narrative and inconsistent narrative. The consistent narrative occurs when students can provide the same endorsed narrative about variability in each statistical reasoning process. Meanwhile, the inconsistent narrative occurs when students provide an endorsed narrative, which is the opposite of comparing the variability in the two data groups with the endorsed narrative in making decisions. Narrative inconsistency results in the wrong decision making in choosing one of the two groups of data. A consistent Narrative plays an essential role in making the right decision. The ability to use statistical concepts is needed to produce a consistent narrative.
THE USE OF Cyperus kyllinga EXTRACT IN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE TO ENHANCE QUALITY OF GOAT LEATHER
Authors: ROHAETI Eli , PUTRI Nur Isna Melati , BUDIASIH Kun Sri , RAKHMAWATI Anna
Published: August 2021

Improving leather quality with antifungal, antibacterial, and superior mechanical properties is an ongoing effort. The objectives of this research were to synthesize silver nanoparticle using Cyperus kyllinga extract as a bio-agent and to deposit synthesized silver nanoparticle into goat leather by ex situ and in situ, and also to characterize the properties of antibacterial, antifungal, mechanical, and contact angle of goat leather before and after modification. Preparation of silver nanoparticles by reduction method by adding Cyperus kyllinga’s leaf extract. The silver nanoparticle was characterized by using spectrophotometer UltraViolet-Visible and Particle Size Analyzer. The addition of Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) compound on the leather sample to know hydrophobicity properties of the leather. The leather was modified by adding silver nanoparticle and silane compounds. The antibacterial and antifungal test was conducted by the diffusion method and tested the
significance by using statistical analysis. The mechanical properties were tested through tensile strength test, elongation, and also modulus Young by using a tensile tester. The modified goat leather surface was tested the contact angle by using the sessile drop method. The characterization results indicated that silver nanoparticles were formed at a wavelength of 406.60 nm, with their particle size were 200.1 nm. The results of the antimicrobial test showed that modified goat leather using two methods of preparation had a different significance to inhibit the S. epidermidis and E. coli, and also fungi of C. albicans. The leather, after modification with nanoparticle via in situ method, had the highest antibacterial activities against S. epidermidis and E. coli. However, leather after modification with adding nanoparticle and MTMS via ex situ method has the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans. The leather after modification nanoparticle and MTMS via in situ method has the highest tensile strength and the largest toughness. All modified leathers had larger antimicrobial activity, contact angle, and also toughness compared to unmodified leather.
DETERMINATION THE EFFECT OF IRON OVERLOAD ON VITAMIN D AND THE PERCENTAGE OF EACH BLOOD GROUPS IN PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA
Authors: AL MASAOODI Rusul Ali , ALWAID Shumoos H , Al SHEMERY Maryam Kadhim
Published: August 2021

Thalassemia can be characterized as hereditary erythrocyte abnormalities resulting from the defect in the synthesis of the hemoglobin globin chain that leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia. This study aimed to find some relationship between the ABO system and thalassemia disease and to determine the relationship between ferritin and vitamin D in patients with thalassemia. This study estimated the level of Hb, ferritin, and vitamin D and also calculated the percentage of ABO blood types in thalassemia and non-thalassemia patients (control group). This study was conducted with 60 samples, 20 for the control group, and 40 for patients with thalassemia. The age of patients with thalassemia and controls ranged from 2 to 29 years. This study found a correlation between ferritin and vitamin D. The results demonstrated a significant reduction (p 0.05) of Hb and vitamin D, but a significant increase (p 0.05) in the concentration of ferritin. The study also found a nonsignificant negative relationship (p 0.05) between the level of ferritin and vitamin D. It was demonstrated that blood group O is more present in thalassemia patients (40%) whereas groups A, B, and AB, respectively, are present in 23%, 28%, 10% of patients. It can be concluded that patients with thalassemia are more frequent with blood type O followed by type B and, less frequently, blood type AB. Thalassemia, vitamin D, ferritin, ABO blood group system.
COMPLEXATION OF PRAZIQUANTEL WITH α-, β- AND y-CYCLODEXTRINS IN AQUEOUS-ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS
Authors: IBRAKOVA Nurgiza F , KUTLUGILDINA Galiya G , ZIMIN Yuriy S
Published: August 2021

Currently, the percentage of infections with invasive (parasitic) diseases is quite large; therefore, the treatment of helminthiases is an urgent problem in veterinary medicine. Parasitic worms inflict significant damage on animal husbandry, leading to the death of animals, shortage of meat, dairy products, and wool. The most common active ingredient in antihelmintics is praziquantel, which is well known as an effective broad-spectrum anthelmintic. At the same time, praziquantel has low solubility in water and a pronounced bitter taste, which represents a significant obstacle in developing liquid forms of drugs that are convenient for administration to animals. One way to solve these problems is the complexation of medicinal substances with various (natural and synthetic) compounds. In this regard, this paper aims to study the complexation of praziquantel with α-, β-, and -cyclodextrins in aqueous-alcoholic solutions. The studies were carried out by the method of ultraviolet spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of cyclodextrins to aqueous-alcoholic solutions of praziquantel leads to spectral changes indicating the presence of intermolecular interactions and complexation. The isomolar series method showed that in dilute solutions, praziquantel forms complex compounds with cyclodextrins 1:1, that is, one molecule of praziquantel falls on one molecule of α-, β- or y-cyclodextrin. The stability constants of the resulting complexes were calculated using the molar ratio method. It is shown that in the range of 296-316 K, the composition of complex compounds remains unchanged (1:1), and their stability decreases with increasing temperature. The study of the temperature dependences of the stability constants made it possible to determine the standard values of changes in the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and complexation entropy.
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MEDICINAL PLANT ELAEAGNUS RHAMNOIDES GROWING AT SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: KASSIMBEKOVA Mereke , KALIYEVA Anar , KASSYMBAYEV Bekbossyn , MEDEUOVA Galiya , MAMYTOVA Nurgul
Published: August 2021

Elaeagnus rhamnoides berries contain significant amounts of bioactive vitamins, lipids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. They are widely used as an ingredient in functional products, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical formulations to prevent and treat cardiovascular, stomach, skin, and liver diseases. Natural sea buckthorn populations are widespread in Kazakhstan. Data on phytochemical and diagnostic indicators are absent for E. rhamnoides growing in Kazakhstan. In this work, seaberry from Kazakhstan was surveyed for diagnostic indicators, lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. Analyses were conducted for main diagnostic indicators of leaves and fruits by standard microtechniques; fatty acid profiles by gas-chromatography; β-carotene by HPLCPDA; vitamin C and B by capillary electrophoresis, and pectin substances by titration. The main diagnostic indicators of leaves were stomatal anomocytic complex; corymbose and stellate hairs; conductive bundle - closed collateral; fruits - secretory passages and conducting bundles of a spiral type in the pulp parenchyma, and a large amount of fatty oil and aleuron grains in the embryo. In the oil from berry pulp/peel, the dominating fatty acids were palmitoleic and palmitic (28.53 and 30.03 %, respectively). Sea buckthorn seed oil, with its high a-linolenic levels and a near 1:1 ratio of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids, represented a very balanced source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for human health and nutrition. β-Carotene content was 7.75 mg per kg, pectin substances – 3.27 %. In addition, the berries were rich in vitamins B complex (0.0035-0.014 mg/100g) and vitamin C (0.21 mg/100g). This work constitutes the first approach on knowledge about the phytochemical profile of Elaeagnus rhamnoides fruits from Kazakhstan and provides arguments multiple using of E. rhamnoides, both for fresh consumption and for industrial preparations in the form of jams and related products (functional multivitamin food) as well as byproducts (seeds) as raw materials for the production of oils suitable to be marketed by the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.
IMPLEMENTATION OF WEBINARS IN BLENDED LEARNING MODELS TO IMPROVE MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THE STUDY OF HUMAN SKELETAL SYSTEM
Authors: ANDRINI Vera Septi , A. MATSUN , MADURETNO Tri Wahyuni
Published: August 2021

The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has had a devastating impact on education. Interaction between teachers and students typically cannot be done. Based on this, innovations in education must continue to be done to improve the quality of learning. This study aimed to find out blended learning models through webinar applications and motivation on student learning outcomes in the Human Skeletal System course. The study was conducted at the Vocational High School Teachers Association of the Republic of Indonesia 2 Nganjuk Regency, East Java, Indonesia, and held in class 1 of the academic year 2019/2020 on science subjects with material on the Human Order System. The number of samples was 83 students divided into 42 experimental class students and 41 control class students. The experimental class uses the blended learning model by utilizing a webinar application, while the control class uses the help of e-modules. Data collection methods that be used are observation, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis techniques used Two Way Anova. The results showed that (1) there were differences in student learning outcomes in the Human Skeletal System course based on the blended learning model through webinar applications, (2) there were different student learning outcomes in the Human Skeletal System course based on high learning motivation and low learning motivation, (3) there is an interaction between blended learning models through webinar applications and motivation on students’ learning outcomes in the Human Skeletal System course. The novelty of this result is the application of webinars in the learning process and outcomes in the form of the holographic learning media products developed on the human skeletal system. Through holographic media, the material looks more real and resembles its original form. Students can learn skeletal systems through holographic images from a variety of different perspectives. Students are more motivated through projects given by teachers because the projects provided are engaging and able to improve skills. Students can study material both in terms of physical and biological sciences.
COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF ESOPHAGUS STRUCTURES IN SHEEP (Ovis aries) AND RABBITS (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
Authors: MOHAMMAD Hawraa Jabbar , ALI Ali Khalaf , AL ALI Zainab Abdul Jabbar Ridha
Published: August 2021

Evolution between animals causes many changes so that it can adapt to its environments. Each species has unique features that help them survive and can consume different types of food. Sheep and rabbits are economically important animals and used in many aspects of veterinary medicine.This study aimed to compare the histomorphometric and histochemical features of the esophagus of twenty sheep (n = 10) and rabbit (n = 10) adult males. The samples were collected from slaughterhouse and market Misan and were used for histological studies of two types of stains, hematoxylin and eosin, and special stains (Periodic acid Schiff stains). Histological study showed differences in the type epithelium of mucosa lining the esophagus between sheep and rabbits. The epithelium lining was composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in sheep while in rabbit was composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous. In both animals, the submucosa layer does not possess glands. The muscular layer of both was composed of striated muscle in the cervical, thoracic, and abdomen parts of the esophagus. Both animals contained an outer layer of loose connective tissue called the adventitia. All layers in sheep showed more thickness than in rabbits. The histochemical study showed that the reaction to Periodic acid Schiff stain was similar between the animals and in different places. Only stratum corneum cells of the sheep mucosa and squamous cells of the rabbit mucosa demonstrated a strong reaction to this stain. In contrast, the rest of the cells of the mucosa and muscular layers were moderate reactions with Periodic acid Schiff stain in all regions sheep and rabbit esophagus. Submucosa and adventitia showed weakly reaction with Periodic acid Schiff's stain in both animals. In conclusion, this study showed that sheep and rabbits have similarities and differences in the esophagus; that is, the layers of this organ has different thicknesses and respond differently to Periodic acid Schiff stain.
MULTI-POINTED FIELD-EMISSION CATHODE AS A GENERATOR OF HIGHFREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS
Authors: BRATANOVSKII Sergei , AMANKULOV Yerdos , MEDVEDEV Ilya
Published: August 2021

Semiconductor field-emission cathodes have gained considerable popularity in modern radio electronics and electronic optics due to the high-power generation of the electron beam in the external electric field at temperatures close to the room ones. However, their wide application is restricted by the high dependence of the electron emission current on the value of the applied field and geometrical parameters of the cathode. This study aimed to examine the effect of resonance processes on amplifying the field emission of the multi-pointed semiconductor cathode. Modeling the behavior of resonant tunneling of electrons from semiconductors to vacuum was simulated by solving the one-dimensional Schrodinger’s equation, and the amplification due to resonant processes was estimated. The modeling results showed that as the electric field increases, the resonance conditions shift towards low energy levels. With the increase in the width of the barrier for the electron inside the solid body, the resonance conditions shift towards higher energies. It has been established that in onedimensional semiconductors with electrons of low conductivity width, the resonant energy coincides with the Fermi level. These cathode properties are optimal for amplifying the emission current and reducing failures of vacuum electronic devices based on semiconductive field cathodes. The proposed technique can be used to study the regularities of emission amplification due to resonant processes in multipoint semiconductor cathodes with multilayered structure and with metal tips.
MEASUREMENT OF LEAD CONCENTRATION IN THE BLOOD OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DRIVERS IN BANDUNG REGENCY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: BAEHAKI Farhan , FAJRIANI Gita Nur , HAERANI Ani , AENI Suci Rizki Nurul , SARI Ayu Yunita
Published: August 2021

As industrial and transportation activities in Bandung Regency are growing rapidly, Indonesia could be at risk of increasing air pollution levels. One of the air pollutants that are very harmful to the body is lead (Pb) generated from industrial activities, mining, vehicle exhaust gas, and dust from the ground. Lead is a heavy metal that is very dangerous for the body because it is carcinogenic with its activity character as an inhibitor in cell metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of lead in the blood of public transport drivers who are active on the highway every day and are most at risk of being exposed to Pb. Measurement of Pb concentration was carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Blood samples were taken from public transport drivers at Soreang Terminal, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The analysis results showed that the average blood lead content of public transport drivers was 1,032 mg/L. The lowest level was 0.889 mg/L, and the highest was 1,200 mg/L. This shows that the lead content in the blood of public transport drivers is already in excess levels (range numbers 0.800-1.200 mg/L) when compared with the threshold for lead in the blood based on the Regulation of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (0.10 - 0.25 mg/L) and the threshold value set by the World Health Organization, which is 0.4 mg/L.
IMPROVED CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE BY NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES AND BINDING ORGANIC LIQUID
Authors: SHAKIR Safa Waleed , WIHEEB Ahmed Daham , KHALAF Zainab abdulmajeed , OTHMAN Mohd Roslee
Published: August 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has been the most crucial research issue due to the dangerous impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global warming and climate change. In recent decades, a new absorption technology has been used to get rid of carbon dioxide. This procedure is getting tremendous attention being applied to improve CO2 uptake by using nanofluids. However, other studies are needed to enhance the nanofluid absorption/desorption rate and decrease the requirements of energy through the desorption process. This research aimed to study the influence of addition nanoparticles by determining the enhancement factor of the absorption/desorption rate of carbon dioxide. All nanofluids used in this study prepared by adding nanoparticles with ultrasound treatment without surfactants. The influence of adding nanoparticles to the binding organic liquids (BOL) of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ethanol on the absorption/desorption of CO2 was studied experimentally in a stirring reactor. The nanoparticles of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 were selected, which showed different properties for the investigation. The effect of volume percentage of nanoparticles, type of nanoparticles, and stirring speed on the rate of CO2 absorption and the impact of volume percentage of nanoparticles and type of nanoparticles on the CO2 desorption rate were studied. It has been found that nanoparticles suspended in BOL are a good absorbent in the current MEA infrastructure due to their less corrosive nature and lower energy requirements for regeneration than the current MEA. In this work, carbon dioxide absorption was improved by 11% and carbon dioxide absorption increased by 8.5% from BOL alone. The alumina nanofluid at a concentration of 0.05 absorbed the highest carbon dioxide by 0.061 g/s. In contrast, the iron oxide nano particles at a concentration of 0.01 volume% absorbed the most elevated carbon dioxide of 0.0077 g/s.
THE EFFECT OF Agrobacterium tumefaciens STRAINS ON CALLUS INDUCED FROM THE SHOOT TIPS OF GINGER (Zingiber Officinale var. Roscoe) IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOME MEDICINAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS ESTIMATED BY RP-HPLC
Authors: AL-MAYAH Abdulelah Abdulhussain , AL-TAHA Huda Abdulkreem , AL-BEHADILI Widad Ali Abd
Published: August 2021

Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) is a medicinal plant well known for its pharmacological properties. This research aimed to study the effect of different concentrations of Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria on callus induced from the shoot tips of ginger in the production of some active medicinal compounds. Callus was induced from the cultivation of half-buds in MS with 2,4-D at a concentration of 1 mg/L with BA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/L + 500 mg/L PVP. It was the best medium for induced callus. A total of 100 mg of developing callus was taken, and, after cultivation on the same medium, at two weeks of age, the callus was treated with two strains of Agrobacterium LBA4404 and C58 and three concentrations of 101, 103, and 105 bacteria/mL each trial. The analysis of RP-HPLC showed that when treated with LBA4404 strain, which was at the concentration of 105 bacteria/mL, the highest increase in the amount of Zingerone reached 0.278 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 101 bacteria/mL and which gave the highest concentration of Zingerone, 6-gingerol, and 6-Shogaol which were 0.199, 0.099 and 0.069 mg/g respectively. As for the C58 strain, the treatment recorded 101 bacteria /mL, the highest concentration of Zingerone 0.240 mg/g, followed by a concentration of 103 bacteria /mL, which was significantly superior in giving the highest concentration of 6-gingerol and 6-Shogaol, which reached 0.053 and 0.027 mg/g respectively. From the results of the experiment, it can be considered that the active medical compounds produced by the induced callus tissue in vitro can increase when exposed to biological stimuli, as the medicinally active compounds can be separated, purified and used in a pure form as they are a natural source for drug preparation.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ALIMENTARY BIOLOGICAL CORRECTORS ON THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Authors: RODIONOVA Natalia Sergeevna , POPOV Evgeny Sergeevich , KHITROV Anatoly Anatolievich , RODIONOVA Natalia Alekseevna , EGOROVA Elena Ivanovna
Published: August 2021

The effective functioning of all body systems is mostly determined by many essential substances that act as activators of metabolic reactions. Their diet deficiency leads to violations of alimentary nature homeostasis, exacerbated by environmental, social, and economic factors. This study aimed to compare antihypoxant properties nutrients of the vegetable and animal origin, their impact on respiratory and transport parameters of gas exchange, as criteria for the energy balance of the body, and the assessment of probiotic factor in improving the antihypoxant properties of targeted biologically active substances. The increase in the efficiency of gas exchange was evaluated on the example of students and teachers of an engineering university at ages from 16 to 65 in daily consumption of food products with known biocorrective properties: wheat germ oil (WGO), wheat germ oil meal (WGOM), concentrated tissue fish oil (CTFO) and their combinations with the biomass of the lacto- and Bifidus bacteria consortium. The change of energy efficiency of the nutritional status was assessed based on the analysis of the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) concentration in the exhaled gas-air mixture and the level of hemoglobin (SpO2). Their values were recorded before and after the daily consumption of the tested products for 30 days. The average values of parameters in all age groups have demonstrated that the most effective antihypoxant is the wheat germ oil meal. A combination of biocorrectors under investigation with active forms of probiotic microorganisms provides a more active antihypoxant effect for all products under investigation in all age groups. The obtained data make it possible to state the possibility of an operational alimentary impact on gas exchange efficiency and prove the antihypoxant properties of WGO, WGOM, CTFO, and the synergetic effect of their combination with probiotic microorganisms in the active form.
THE ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF INFUSORIA FAUNA IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE STOMACH OF EUROPEAN ELK (ALCES ALCES) LIVING IN THE OMSK AND CHELYABINSK REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors: KORCHAGINA Tatyana
Published: August 2021

Elk (Alces alces L.) are the largest animals in the deer family and an important commercial and hunting animal in Russia. Since ancient times, elk have offered nutritious meat and valuable hides. For this reason, there are repeated attempts to domesticate elk. However, the domestication of elk and their implementation on farms has not gone beyond experimental farms. This is mostly due to the elk’s digestion's unexplored physiology, including the role of endobiont ciliates. The elk’s diet is very diverse and includes shoots, leaves, the bark of various tree species and shrubs, multiple herbs, rhizomes and the leaves of aquatic plants, and mushrooms. This research aimed to perform a quantitative and specific study of the infusory composition of the digestive tract of European elk, which lives on the territory of the Omsk and Chelyabinsk regions of Russia in connection with habitat, nutrition, and climate. A comparative analysis of the species and numerical composition of symbiotic ciliated protozoa in the stomachs of European elk are presented. The average number of individual species of elk stomach cilia depending on the territory of the animal's habitat and the qualitative and quantitative composition of various parts of the stomach are presented. The dominant genus of cilia in elk is Entodinium, which includes ten species. Entodinium makes up 63% of all protozoa in the rumen of moose in the Chelyabinsk population and 73% in the Omsk population. The ophrioscolecidae family share accounts for 98% of the total composition of cilia in the moose rumen of the Chelyabinsk population and 96% of the Omsk population. No cilia were found in the rennet. The results allow us to assess the prospects for European elk domestication.
STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE FILLED WITH RICE HUSK DURING MOISTURE ABSORPTION AND NATURAL AGIN
Authors: SADRITDINOV Aynur R , CHERNOVA Valentina V , BAZUNOVA Marina V , ZAKHAROVA Elena M , ZAKHAROV Vadim P
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the issue under investigation is conditioned by an increase of the ecological burden on the environment due to the continuous increase of plastic waste, a significant proportion of polypropylene. One solution to this problem is the involvement of recycled polypropylene to obtain plastic products based on composites filled with rice husk. It makes it possible to reduce the prime cost of finished products, regulate their physical and mechanical properties, and reduce the volume of difficult-to-decompose synthetic polymers that end up in waste. The key property of polypropylene, which changes during its filling with rice husk, is moisture absorption, which contributes to a change in the strength characteristics of the polymer composite and accelerates its aging under the influence of environmental factors. In this regard, this research aims to identify the patterns of the influence of absorbed moisture and natural aging on the physical and mechanical properties of polymer composites based on recycled polypropylene filled with rice husk. The leading approach to the study of this issue is laboratory tests on the saturation of polymer composites with water of different temperatures and duration of exposure and testing materials during long-term natural aging under the influence of environmental factors. The key factor characterizing the change in the physical and mechanical properties of materials, in this case, is the elasticity modulus, elongation, and tensile stress at the break during stretching of the prototypes. The materials of the paper are of practical value for the processing of secondary thermoplastic polymers, as well as the development of biodegradable polymer composites.
RESEARCH OF COMBUSTION MODES DURING LAYER-BURNING OF SHUBARKUL COAL ON THE FIRE GRATE WITH THE HAND FURNACE OF THE KSVR-0.43 HOT WATER BOILER
Authors: ORUMBAYEV Rakhimzhan K , KIBARIN Andrey A , BAKHTIYAR Balzhan T , KASSIMOV Arman S , KOROBKOV Maxim S
Published: August 2021

Experience shows that the trend towards using solid fuels in the energy sector of Kazakhstan will be implemented for a rather long time. At the same time, the global trend is currently tightening environmental requirements. They set the task to continue improving coal combustion efficiency and minimize emissions of harmful substances and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This article aims to conduct complex thermal engineering tests of the KCVr-0.43 hot water boiler. For this, the following measurement and control tools were used: the standard boiler room secondary devices, an industrial gas analyzer Testo-350, a control (reading) module Testo-454 with temperature probes and a Pitot tube, a soot number meter Testo-308, a temperature meter 2TPM1, a portable liquid flow meter Vzlet-PRC and a stopwatch. All they had valid verification and calibration certificates. An analysis of the gas composition and technical parameters of the KCVr-0.43 hot water boiler in the investigated operation mode with Shubarkul coal during a long-term test showed that it seems possible to operate boilers of this series under low load conditions without boosting air and fuel. They can reduce emissions of toxic NOx and greenhouse gases CO2 into the atmosphere. In this case, burning Shubarkul coal without forcing through the air is characterized by significant carbon monoxide CO emissions. The formed nitrogen oxides NOx decompose in reactions with CO with the formation of molecular nitrogen and oxygen. Burning, coke residue in the layer, coal-burning stages, emissions of harmful substances.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF NEW MULTIFUNCTIONAL COUMARINS
Authors: BASHIR Moath Kahtan , MUSTAFA Yasser Fakri , OGLAH Mahmood Khudhayer
Published: August 2021

Cancer constitutes one of the most severe public health menaces worldwide. It is imperative to synthesize new compounds and explore their antitumor activity to find a potential resolution to this health problem. Synthesis of new scaffolds and evaluating their antitumor activity is a relevant approach for combating cancer development. Coumarins can exhibit diverse biological activities, and one of these is the antitumor activity. This study aimed to synthesize new coumarins by grafting their precursors to the aromatic amines via Schiff base formation and evaluating their introductory antitumor activity. New multifunctional coumarins (MC1-MC9) were prepared by integrating a functionalized coumarin with different toluidine derivatives via a Schiff-base linkage. Spectral characterization inspired by FTIR, 1H- and 13C- NMR spectroscopies has established the chemical structures of the synthesized products. The antitumor activity was explored in vitro versus four dominant human cancer lines, including HeLa, SKG, MCF-7, and AMN3. The outcomes acquired from the cell viability assay inspected by applying MTT dye have revealed that the synthesized multifunctional coumarins, particularly MC3, have a hopeful activity. It can be concluded that a similar trend of activity against the test cell lines was observed for the synthesized coumarins, with the best action being versus MCF-7 and the least one versus AMN3. This study not only affords a new scaffold of a significant antitumor activity but also provides some insights into its structureactivity relationship.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VIRTUAL LABORATORY WORKSHOPS IN ONLINE EDUCATION OF STUDENTS STUDYING THE DISCIPLINE “INORGANIC CHEMISTRY”
Authors: RAYISYAN Maria G , BORODINA Maria Anatolievna , DENISOVA Olga Igorevna , BOGACHEV Yuri Sergeevich , SEKERIN Vladimir Dmitriyevich
Published: August 2021

Distance learning has already become a part of the educational process. In this regard, questions appear concerning its organization and the solution of specific problems. They include laboratory workshops, which is an integral part of the educational process in higher education since laboratory works allow students to gain knowledge and acquire skills, which is a prerequisite for the formation of their specialist competence. The problems of obtaining educational information during distance learning can be quite successfully solved. However, the acquisition of experimental skills remains an educational, scientific, and methodological problem that requires a solution. The article defines the peculiarities of using virtual laboratory workshops in the online education of students studying the discipline “Inorganic Chemistry”. The theoretic analysis of the main statements of the research problem was presented in the article. The results of the experimental study have proved that the use of computer modeling and the tools of a virtual laboratory when studying chemistry disciplines increases the educational achievements of the students, regardless of the initial level of knowledge. A prerequisite for the effective acquisition of skills by students is the systematic use of virtual laboratory tools. With the occasional use of virtual laboratory instruments, the skills obtained during the experiment were not learned or were not learned for a long time. The use of virtual laboratories provides independent training for students, increases motivation to master new material. Students focus on the experimental process, not on equipment and tools, as it happens in a real laboratory, which can become both a positive and a negative aspect of acquiring practical skills of future engineers, doctors, and pharmacists.
Nueva ética para nuevos tiempos: la moral en la industria 4.0
Authors: Ord Toby
Published: August 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19 pone al descubierto la estrecha interrelación que existe en la humanidad. Con el incremento de las nuevas tecnologías, nuestro poder humano sigue creciendo, al igual que los riesgos letales. Las amenazas para el futuro humano se conocen como riesgos existenciales y la forma como los abordemos determinará el futuro de nuestra especie. Este escenario impone una necesidad de replantear la ética. Reflexionar y tomar acciones no solamente desde el punto de vista individual, sino como colectivo humano, y tampoco solamente centrado al presente o futuro inmediato, sino con una nueva ética que piense en las innumerables generaciones por nacer.
Woodland Survey Handbook
Authors: Kirby Keith , Hall Jeanette
Published: August 2021

How do you record the wildlife in a wood? This book explains ways to record the flora and fauna found in woodland and outlines the sources you can use to find out more about the history and management of an area. Whether you have just a few hours, or a few years, there are examples that you can follow to find out more about this important habitat. Woods include some of the richest terrestrial wildlife sites in Britain, but some are under threat and many are neglected, such that they are not as rich as they might be. If we are to protect them or increase their diversity we need first to know what species they contain, how they have come to be as they are, to understand how they fit into the wider landscape. Conservation surveys are the bedrock on which subsequent protection and management action is based. There is not one method that will be right for all situations and needs, so the methods discussed range from what one can find out online, to what can be seen on a general walk round a wood, to the insights that can come from more detailed survey and monitoring approaches. Fast-evolving techniques such as eDNA surveys and the use of LiDAR are touched on.