bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL HERBARIUM
Authors: Miller John M.
Published: April 2006

Formerly known as the Fiji Herbarium, the only herbarium in the Fiji Islands, SUVA, was founded by B. E. V. Parham in 1933. Consisting of more than 25,000 specimens, the herbarium is one of the leading collections of vascular plants and bryophytes in the South Pacific. Recently renamed “The South Pacific Regional Herbarium”, SUVA serves the member countries of The University of the South Pacific which include the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa. Historical events and important contributions to SUVA are noted in this paper. Finally, the goals and projects within the herbarium are presented, with the purpose in mind of increasing the cognisance of the international community of taxonomic botanists toward the importance of SUVA.
DIAPENSIACEAE: A REVIEW OF THE TAXONOMY
Authors: Scott Peter J. , Day Robin T.
Published: April 2006

A review of the nomenclature of the Diapensiaceae is presented with a brief discussion of some of the interesting aspects of this ancient family. The status of the pink‐flowered form of Diapensia lapponica from Alaska has been changed (D. lapponica subsp. obovata f. rosea (Hult.) stat. nov.).
A SUMMING UP
Authors: Turner B. L.
Published: April 2006

The so‐called generic problems within the Asteraceae of today are surprisingly like those of 50 years ago, and earlier. It is conjectured that, so long as plant systematics remains an individual enterprise, classifications and their concomitant nomenclatures will vary, depending upon the worker, his background, interests, training and idiosyncrasies. What then can we anticipate as generic guidelines for the near future? Unfortunately there are none: systematics is an intellectual activity and intellects are a mixed bag. However, data accumulation and its numerical application, cladistic or otherwise, must ultimately prevail, so that reasonable generic stability in the far future can be anticipated. This will result as epigenetic choices (sensu Lumsden and Wilson, 1981) become established among both practitioners and users. Such a concensus has largely occurred in ornithology and is likely to prevail in synantherology given time, interest and human survival.
LOPHIOLA, FAMILIAL AFFINITY WITH THE LILIACEAE
Authors: Ambrose John D.
Published: April 2006

Several recent studies have concluded that Lophiola aurea Ker‐Gawler lacks affinity with the Haemodoraceae, the family under which it has commonly been classified (Edwards et al., 1970; Simpson and Dickison, 1981; Simpson, 1983; Zavada, 1983; Zavada et al., 1983). While comparative studies of tribal and familial groups can facilitate the determination of similarity between different lower taxa, resolution of higher level affinity is often not reached when a taxon appears clearly discordant, as in the case of the monotypic genus Lophiola.
WILLIAM THEOBALD (1829‐1908): UNWITTING REFORMER OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE?
Authors: Mabberley D. J.
Published: April 2006

An early advocate of priority in specific epithets in the face of British colonial botany, William Theobald, validly published some 26 binomials for Burmese plants for the first time in his edition of Mason's Burmah (1883). Ignored until now, many are in current use as coined later by Kuntze, Druce and others. One completely overlooked binomial is Vaccinium angulatum (Griff.) Theob., an earlier homonym of V. angulatum J. J. Sm., which is here renamed V. commutatum Mabb. & Sleumer, while Neptunia natans (L. f.) Druce is a later homonym of N. natans (Willd.) Theob., so that N. oleracea Lour. is restored.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF ERAGROSTIS CILIANENSIS (POACEAE) AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF BELLARDI TO ALLIONI'S FLORA PEDEMONTANA
Authors: Perry G. , McNeill J.
Published: April 2006

Attention is drawn to the fact, generally overlooked, that Bellardi prepared the descriptions for some of the 23 new species which he contributed to Flora pedemontana, but that it would appear that Allioni named them. The bearing of this on the typification of these names is discussed with particular reference to Poa cilianensis. It is concluded that Simon's lectotypification of this name is valid, because the lectotype was available to Bellardi when he drew up the description of the species. It is confirmed that Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janchen is the correct name for the widespread weed, stink grass. [Note: Perry's proposal 317 (this issue) to amend the Code is associated with this paper.]
TYPIFICATION OF LOBELIA ERINUS L. AND LOBELIA ERINOIDES L.
Authors: Thulin M. , Phillipson P. B. , Wijnands D. O.
Published: April 2006

A neotype is chosen for Lobelia erinus L. which enables this well‐known name to be retained in its usual sense. A lectotype is chosen for L. erinoides L., and the repeated misapplication of the name is discussed. With the typifications proposed these two names apply to the same taxon. For this the name L. erinus is adopted and the simultaneously published L. erinoides is reduced to synonymy.
SHAPE CHARACTERS IN NUMERICAL TAXONOMY AND PROBLEMS WITH RATIOS
Authors: Phillips Raymond B.
Published: April 2006

Systematists in general, and those applying numerical methods in particular, frequently use ratios to express the shape of plant organs in order to standardize for size. However, ratios may have undesirable statistical properties and do not accurately represent the change in shape that occurs during development. Because of changes in allometric growth during development, ratios are often highly correlated with size and thus may not be effective methods of standardization. The slope of the regression line is a better measure of certain aspects of shape, and the intercept of the line can in some cases provide additional valuable information for comparative purposes. Difficulties associated with using regression analysis include the requirement for a reasonable sample size, increased computational expenses, and the disposition of cases where a low regression coefficient is obtained. Shape characters defined by regression analysis for cladistic inference may also be more suitable than ratios.
ILEX × ALTACLERENSIS, NOT ALTACLARENSIS (AQUIFOLIACEAE)
Authors: Andrews Susyn
Published: April 2006

The correct spelling of the name of an Ilex hybrid is shown to be I. × altaclerensis not I. × altaclarensis.
LECTOTYPISIERUNG EINIGER ORCHIDEENGATTUNGEN
Authors: Butzin Friedhelm
Published: April 2006

Die Namen folgender 9 Gattungen werden lectotypisiert: Bolusiella, Ceratostylis, Cryptophoranthus, Haraella, Notylia, Otochilus. Pelatantheria, Promenaea, Sobennikoffia. Ferner wird auf 3 Gattungen eingegangen, die bereits lectotypisiert waren, hierüber aber nichts im “Index Nominum Genericorum Plantarum” vermerkt ist: Chamaeangis, Coelogyne, Pecteilis.
COMMENTS ON PROPOSAL 673 TO CONSERVE 5408 STENOCACTUS (SCHUMANN) BERGER (1929) OVER VARIOUS GENERIC NAMES (CACTACEAE)
Authors: Taylor N. P.
Published: April 2006

Stenocactus (Schumann) Berger (1929), based on Echinocactus subg. Stenocactus Schumann (1898), is the only legitimate generic name for Echinofossulocactus sensu Britton & Rose (1922). The competing generic names Brittonrosea Speg. (1923) and Efossus Orcutt (1926) were both illegitimate when published and remain so. Valid publication of Echinofossulocactus should be credited to Lawrence (1841). This name no longer competes with Stenocactus following its relectotypification by Hunt (1980). who rejected the earlier lectotypification by Britton and Rose as mechanical and hence arbitrary under the terms of Art. 8.1. Conservation of Stenocactus is not required, nor is its retention at generic rank justified on taxonomic grounds.
TYPIFICATION OF THE OAK (QUERCUS) TAXA DESCRIBED BY S. B. BUCKLEY (1809–1884)
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. , Nixon Kevin C.
Published: April 2006

A search of 24 herbaria for material relevant to the typification of 9 oak (Quercus) names published by S. B. Buckley (1809–1884) produced little authentic material. We therefore designate lectotypes for three names, Q. annulata, Q. mohriana and Q. vaseyana, and neotypes for four names, Q. durandii, Q. san‐sabeana, Q. shumardii and Q. texana. Two names, Q. durandii var. san sabia (sic) and Q. rubra var. texana, proposed by Buckley were new combinations and are typified by their basionyms. Quercus texana Buckley, as originally described, appears to be conspecific with Q. nuttallii Palmer of eastern Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas and has priority over the latter name. The name Q. texana has been consistently misapplied, by its author and others, to a species of oak that occurs in central Texas and southeastern Oklahoma. This oak has no valid name and is therefore described as new, Quercus buckleyi Nixon and Dorr. Historical information concerning Buckley's collecting activities, especially as they pertain to his new species of oak, is also provided.
REDUCTION OFURSIATOTRIFOLIUM
Authors: Small Ernest
Published: April 2006

An enigmatic, highly localized endemic of the Far‐Eastern USSR was first considered a species ofMedicago, subsequently transferred toTrigonella, and most recently elevated to the monotypic genusUrsiaVass. Its affinities, however, are withTrifolium, particularly withT. eximium, but also with the only sympatric indigenous clover,T. lupinaster.
WHAT IS CRATAEGUS FONTANESIANA (SPACH) STEUD.? (ROSACEAE)
Authors: Phipps J. B.
Published: April 2006

Crataegus fontanesiana (Spach) Steudel is a synonym of C. calpodendron (Ehrhart) Medicus. C. tenax Ashe is the correct name for the taxon hitherto misidentified as C. fontanesiana.
MULTIPLE‐ENTRY KEYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES USING A MICROCOMPUTER
Authors: Duncan Thomas , Meacham Christopher A.
Published: April 2006

Two computer‐assisted multiple entry keys, ANGIOFAM and TROPIFAM, are described. These keys, originally published as punched‐card keys, have been converted to computer files. The Pascal algorithm MEKA (Multiple‐Entry Key Algorithm) is used with these keys for the purposes of identification of specimens to family and the characterization and discrimination of groups of families. These keys can be obtained for use on most types of microcomputers.
VEGETATIVE SHOOTS IN THE TAXONOMY OF SEDGES (CAREX, CYPERACEAE)
Authors: Reznicek A. A. , Catling P. M.
Published: April 2006

The genusCarexincludes species with true vegetative culms as well as species with vegetative shoots that lack elongate stems. Two terms relating to vegetative shoots inCarexare precisely defined. A brief review of the variation in vegetative shoot form is presented and examples of the utility of vegetative shoots in the taxonomy ofCarexare given. Vegetative shoots should always be obtained by collectors ofCarex, and they should be utilized in taxonomic work. Specific suggestions regarding collection and description are provided.
CONCEPTS OF RARITY IN VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GENUS CALOCHORTUS PURSH (LILIACEAE)
Authors: Fiedler Peggy Lee
Published: April 2006

The concept of rarity in vascular plant species since the mid‐nineteenth century is reviewed with the purpose of illustrating the history of ideas about rare plant taxa. Because much of the more recent literature concerning rare plants focuses rather specifically on isolated features of individual species, a “synthetic approach” incorporating several relevant causes and consequences of rarity in the genus Calochortus is presented. The results of this early synthesis serve to demonstrate the inadequacy of earlier generalizing hypotheses about rarity, and the need for the clarification of both the causes and consequences of rare plants, as well as the frame of reference.
NOMENCLATURAL AND TAXONOMIC NOTES ON SPECIES OF THE RED ALGAL GENERA HALYMENIA (CRYPTONEMIACEAE) AND WEEKSIA (DUMONTIACEAE)
Authors: Lindstrom Sandra C.
Published: April 2006

Type specimens of Schizymenia? coccinea Harvey and Weeksia templetonii Setchell et Gardner, both of which are currently placed in the genus Halymenia (family Cryptonemiaceae), have been examined. All specimens were found to represent species of the genus Weeksia (family Dumontiaceae). The new combination Weeksia coccinea is proposed. An examination of the type specimen of Aeodes gardneri Kylin, which has been referred to Halymenia coccinea (Harvey) Abbott, confirms that it is a member of the Cryptonemiaceae and hence not conspecific with Weeksia coccinea. The name Halymenia gardneri (Kylin) Parkinson is available for this species.
REPLY TO W. H. WAGNER ON THE SPECIES QUESTION
Authors: Grant Verne
Published: April 2006

In a recent paper on taxonomic and biosystematic concepts, Wagner (1984) gives an inaccurate account of my treatment of the species in Plant Speciation (Grant, 1971, 1981).
“X‐RAYING” HERBARIUM SPECIMENS WITH TRANSMITTED LIGHT, A NON‐DESTRUCTIVE WAY OF INVESTIGATING DRY PLANT MATERIAL
Authors: Pettersson Börge
Published: April 2006

A strong light beam, transmitted through a herbarium specimen can often replace the somewhat risky softening of dried flowers. This method would be especially useful in the study of types and other material of special value.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF JUNCUS GREENEI OAKES & TUCKERMAN (JUNCACEAE)
Authors: Brooks Ralph E.
Published: April 2006

A lectotype for Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuckerman is selected from a series of syntypes.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FLORISTIC DATABASE
Authors: Pankhurst R. J.
Published: April 2006

Several substantial databases exist for monographic data but little progress has been made towards floristic databases. For the latter, a scheme for comparable description of diverse taxa is needed. The creation and use of such a scheme is described here, with a pilot database constructed from representatives of the families in the flora of Great Britain. It is possible for data on taxa to be collected efficiently using a questionnaire program, hence avoiding the problem of having to search long lists of characters from which only a few can be recorded. It appears that the approach is practical and may lead to a new kind of standard for taxonomic descriptions.
NEEDLE FLAVONOID VARIATION IN ABIES BALSAMEA AND A. LASIOCARPA FROM WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Parker William H. , Maze Jack , Bennett Frances E. , Cleveland Thomas A. , McLachlan David G.
Published: April 2006

A recent analysis of quantitative variation in cone and needle characteristics indicated that Abies balsamea and A. lasiocarpa from western Canada are not well differentiated morphologically. To further investigate the relationship of A. balsamea to A. lasiocarpa, 10 populations of firs collected from western Saskatchewan to central British Columbia were compared on the basis of their needle flavonoids. Easternmost populations of A. balsamea were distinct from the westernmost samples of A. lasiocarpa; the easternmost firs contain additional flavonoid derivatives including diglycosides, flavones, and dihydroflavonols that were not found in the westernmost samples of A. lasiocarpa. Flavonoid patterns of geographically intermediate populations formed a continuum from east to west beginning in the lower foothills of the east slope of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and extending to the interior of British Columbia. Although no sharp boundary separating the two species could be detected based on flavonoid results, the observed clinal pattern was steepest at the Rocky Mountain crest. In addition, the populations on either side of the crest were more variable than the 5 mixed‐wood populations to the east of the mountains. This pattern of variation suggests that genetic interchange has occurred between A. balsamea and A. lasiocarpa to each side of the Rocky Mountain crest following post‐glacial migration.
CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN THE BANISTERIOPSIS CAMPESTRIS COMPLEX (MALPIGHIACEAE), USING SPATIAL AUTO‐CORRELATION
Authors: Estabrook G. F. , Gates B.
Published: April 2006

The choice, construction, and evaluation of characters is central to systematic botany. Yet, how a systematist does this is rarely revealed or even discussed in his published works. Although the method suggested here is quantitative in nature, it does not depend either conceptually or computationally on numerical clustering. Indeed, it is our intent to provide a tool that can be used by a non‐numerical taxonomist, prior to reaching any taxonomic decisions, to choose, construct, and evaluate potentially useful characters that will work for taxa recognition, without the need for arbitrary or subjective numerical clustering techniques. Here we will exemplify an idea for evaluating characters, by presenting first the basic idea, then the specimens and characters that constitute our example, next a discussion of the choice, construction and evaluation of these characters in a traditional context without consideration of spatial auto‐correlation character analysis, and finally we present the results of spatial autocorrelation character analysis and discuss them in the light of the traditional assessment of characters. Our purpose in offering this method of character analysis is not to enable the worker to stop thinking about characters, but to enable him to think about them even more thoroughly by revealing their pattern of variation in phenetic space.
THE ROLE OF HYPOTHESIZED DIRECTION OF CHARACTERS IN THE ESTIMATION OF EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
Authors: Meacham Christopher A.
Published: April 2006

The effect of directing characters on cladistic analysis is discussed. Characters can conflict because of the character state membership of the EUs, the ordering of character states, or direction. Conflicts of characters were analyzed in twenty‐three data sets containing a total of 1024 characters. At least 93 percent of character conflicts in these data sets were not due to incorrectly hypothesized direction. Most character conflicts are caused by similarities among EUs that are due to parallelisms or reversals that were not recognized by the systematise Arguments against a priori directing of characters are presented. It is recommended that an undirected analysis be performed first and that the undirected tree be directed subsequently.
SOME COMMENTS ON A RECENT CLASSIFICATION OF THE MONIMIACEAE
Authors: Martínez‐Laborde Juan B.
Published: April 2006

A recent classification of the Monimiaceae is considered. Several overlooked aspects of some South American species are pointed out. A ‘new’ genus and a ‘new’ combination are shown to have been already published.
LA COMPOSANTE DIPLOIDE DU COMPLEXE SPECIFIQUE DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L. (GRAMINEES): ORGANISATION SUR LA BASE DE SON METABOLISME PHENOLIQUE
Authors: Ardouin Pierre , Fiasson Jean‐Louis , Jay Maurice
Published: April 2006

The phenolic content of leaves from 138 individuals of Dactylis glomerata L. has been chromatographed and numerically analyzed. This sampling took into account the 14 diploid subspecific units of the D. glomerata specific complex. The phytochemical results allowed us to elucidate the degrees of variation at different taxonomic levels and suggested some physiological and ecological bases supporting an organization into five closely related groups.
THE ORIGIN AND AFFINITIES OF THE CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Authors: Les Donald H.
Published: April 2006

Historically, the phylogenetic affinities of the Ceratophyllaceae have been vague, however, recent authors have favored a close relationship of the family to the genus Cabomba of the Nymphaeales. An evaluation of critical character distributions by cluster analyses confirmed relationships of Cabomba with Brasenia, Euryale with Victoria, and Nymphaea with Nuphar, Ondinea, and Barclaya, but did not support a close affinity of Ceratophyllum to any nymphaealean genus. By phenetic analyses, Ceratophyllum is distinct and not recognizable as a natural component of the Nymphaeales. This conclusion is in line with revised interpretations of available data from various sources, which point to an isolated position of the Ceratophyllaceae. Paleobotanical evidence supports a hypothesis that the Ceratophyllaceae are a vestige of ancient angiosperms that diverged early from the line leading to most other modern taxa. The remoteness of Ceratophyllaceae from the Nymphaeales and other extant angiosperms warrants the recognition of a new, distinct order of flowering plants.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEGE OF P‐TYPE SIEVE‐ELEMENT PLASTIDS IN DICOTYLEDONS II. EUCRYPHIACEAE
Authors: Behnke H.‐Dietmar
Published: April 2006

Sieve‐element plastids of Eucryphia are of the P‐type, the characters of which are discussed in relation to its suggested position between the Connaraceae and Cunoniaceae. Paracryphia contains S‐type plastids extremely similar in size and ultrastructure to those in the Dilleniaceae‐Theaceae‐Actinidiaceae.
ETUDE CARYOSYSTEMATIQUE DE THYMELAEA HIRSUTA (L.) ENDL. (THYMELAEACEAE) DANS DEUX STATIONS DU LITTORAL MEDITERRANEEN FRANCAIS (CAMARGUE ET ALBERES)
Authors: Denelle N. , Puech S.
Published: April 2006

L'étude caryologique effectuée dans deux populations de Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. (Thymelaeaceae) du littoral méditerranéen français situées l'une en Camargue, l'autre dans les Albères, a permis de mettre en évidence une garniture chromosomique semblable à 2n = 36 chromosomes. Ce résultat est identique à celui trouvé par les auteurs pour des populations du littoral égyptien.
Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides, the correct name for a well‐known neotropical species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Anderson Christiane
Published: April 2006

Anderson, C.: Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides, the correct name for a well‐known neotropical species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae). ‐ Taxon 41: 327–328. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Because the widely distributed, atypical species known as Stigmaphyllon ovatum (Cav.) Niedenzu was discovered to include the type of Malpighia bannisterioides L., a name long‐ignored, the new combination Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides is proposed.
Towards defining a taxonomic revision methodology
Authors: Maxted Nigel
Published: April 2006

Maxted, N.: Towards defining a taxonomic revision methodology. ‐ Taxon 41: 653‐660. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The process of undertaking a taxonomic revision is central to taxonomy. However, no clear definition of or established methodology for undertaking a revision exists. Current attempts to apply contemporary computer technology throughout taxonomy can only be successful when the process itself is clarified. The subject of taxonomic revisions is introduced and a working definition is provided. The processes that are normally included in a revision are discussed and these are incorporated into a simple paradigm that models revision activities. Adherence to the paradigm will encourage researchers to adopt a logical methodology, which will lead to revision products being more complete and comparable.
Chromosome numbers in the genus Pentaschistis (Poaceae, Danthonieae)
Authors: Du Plessis Henriette , Spies Johan J.
Published: April 2006

Du Plessis, H. & Spies, J. J.: Chromosome numbers in the genus Pentaschistis (Poaceae, Danthonieae). ‐ Taxon 41: 709‐720. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

On the basis of a study of meiosis, new chromosome counts are reported for 7 of the 68 species of the genus Pentaschistis. Two different basic chromosome numbers are present in the genus, i.e. 7 and 13. Polyploidy is frequently observed and B‐chromosomes are present in some species, and existing data summarised. First chromosome numbers are reported for P. argentea (n = 21), P. aurea subsp. aurea (n = 7), P. capillaris (n = 7), P. curvifolia (n = 7), P. papillosa (n = 7), P. tortuosa (n = 7) and P. triseta (n = 7). Additionly two new ploidy levels, diploid and heptaploid, are described for P. eriostoma.
Combining trees as a way of combining data sets for phylogenetic inference, and the desirability of combining gene trees
Authors: Baum Bernard R.
Published: April 2006

Baum, B. R.: Combining trees as a way of combining data sets for phylogenetic inference, and the desirability of combining gene trees. ‐ Taxoni 41: 3–10. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

A procedure of combining trees obtained from data sets of different kinds, similar to Brooks's technique but for a different purpose, with the aim of combining these data sets, is detailed along with examples used in five unrepeated combinations from a total of 15 published datasets. The procedure does not adjoin raw data sets, but instead combines the binary‐coded factors of the trees, each tree from a different data set, together. This allows the combining of data that are only available as pairwise distances with data obtained directly from characters of the organisms. It economizes the analysis of combined nucleotide sequence data which can be very large, and preserves information for each kind of data in the combination. The procedure allows for missing data as well, and can be regarded as a new consensus method ‐ mathematical properties have yet to be investigated. The desirability of combining gene trees, obtained from molecular data, to enable the inference of species trees is discussed in light of using this procedure.
The identity of Aloe archeri Lavranos (Liliaceae/Aloaceae)
Authors: Newton Leonard E.
Published: April 2006

Newton, L. E.: The identity of Aloe archeri Lavranos (Liliaceae/Aloaceae). ‐ Taxon 41: 25–34. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The protologue of Aloe archeri Lavranos is based mainly on material that was not gathered at the stated type locality, and includes characters of two distinct taxa. The type specimen is missing, but strong circumstantial evidence indicates that it originates from a plant collected far from the stated type locality. A neotype is designated for A. archeri, and an amended description is presented. Plants from the stated type locality of A. archeri are described as a new species.
Helictotrichon cintranum, species nova, a rare south‐west European oat grass (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveneae)
Authors: Röser Martin
Published: April 2006

Röser, M.: Helictotrichon cintranum, species nova, a rare south‐west European oat grass (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveneae). ‐ Taxon 41: 60–61. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

A new species is described as Helictotrichon cintranum, a name that replaces a series of invalidly published names, starting with Avenochloa albinervis subsp. occidentalis Gervais.
Dinobryon faculiferum, a new name for Dinobryon petiolatum (Chrysophyceae: Dinobryaceae)
Authors: Willen Torbjörn
Published: April 2006

Willén, T.: Dinobryon faculiferum, a new name for Dinobryon petiolatum (Chrysophyceae: Dinobryaceae). ‐ Taxon 41: 62–63. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Dinobryon faculiferum Willén replaces Dinobryon petiolatum Willén 1963, non Dujardin 1841.
A suggested role of galloyl esters in the evolution of dicotyledons
Authors: Gottlieb O. R. , Kaplan M. A. C. , Kubitzki K.
Published: April 2006

Gottlieb, O. R., Kaplan, M. A. C. & Kubitzki, K.: A suggested role of galloyl esters in the evolution of dicotyledons. – Taxon 42: 539–552. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Galloyl esters (gallo‐ and ellagitannins), which occur throughout the more primitive members of the Hamamelididae, Dilleniidae and Rosidae (the “HDR complex”), are important chemosystematic markers. Their significance is not limited to their strong protein‐binding activity, as was formerly believed, or to their toxic properties, which have more recently been recognized. They also have powerful electron scavenging properties, thus inhibiting oxidation, a reaction that is fundamental in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The HDR complex indeed is poor in shikimate‐derived compounds; polyketide, mevalonate, and Krebs cycle‐derived substances, which originate primarily by reactions such as condensation, esterification, and reduction, prevail but lack systematic continuity. The absence of coherent chemosystematic markers reflects the systematic isolation of the orders and superorders in the HDR complex, where phylogenetic relationships are less obvious than in the other dicotyledonous subclasses. Phytoalexins are mostly found in members of the HDR complex that are poor in galloyl esters. In view of their molecular properties (small, planar, highly conjugated molecules) it is suggested that they equally act as antioxidants. The superorders belonging to the subclasses Magnoliidae, Caryophyllidae, and Asteridae, which lack galloyl esters, are endowed with antioxidants of weak efficacy (proanthocyanidins and/or caffeic acid esters) and have a rich array of secondary metabolites, which permits the recognition of major evolutionary lines.
Tavaresia versus Decabelone (Asclepiadaceae)
Authors: Leach L. C.
Published: April 2006

Leach, L. C.: Tavaresia versus Decabelone (Asclepiadaceae). – Taxon 42: 665–667. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Tavaresia Welw. is the correct name of the genus which has sometimes been recorded as Decabelone Decne.
Clerodendrum farinosum, the correct name for C. venosum (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Daniel P. , Rajendran A.
Published: April 2006

Daniel, P. & Rajendran, A.: Clerodendrum farinosum, the correct name for C. venosum (Verbenaceae). – Taxon 42: 669–670. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The overlooked combination Clerodendrum farinosum (Roxb.) Walp. is the correct name for C. venosum Wall. ex C. B. Clarke. C. farinosum is neotypified.
Symbioses in herbaria: recommendations for more positive interactions between plant systematists and ecologists
Authors: Stern Margaret J. , Eriksson Torsten
Published: April 2006

Stern, M. J. & Eriksson, T.: Symbioses in herbaria: recommendations for more positive interactions between plant systematists and ecologists. – Taxon 45: 49‐58.1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Herbarium collections have traditionally been used primarily by systematists, including monographers and writers of floras. It is suggested here that herbarium material has eclectic value for use by many non‐traditional users, but only to the extent that care is taken by collectors and other researchers who benefit from collections. Suggestive examples relating to ecology, conservation biology, and systematics are presented (drawing on studies of distribution, plasticity, epiphylls, insect‐plant associations, molecular phylogenetics, and population genetics) where herbarium material would have been more valuable if it had been collected with potential multiple uses in mind. It is also argued that the quality of specimens is in most cases more important than their quantity.
ON TYPIFYING NAMES VALIDATED BY PLATES UNACCOMPANIED BY TEXT
Authors: Cheek Martin
Published: April 2006

It is shown here that names validated by analytical plates unaccompanied by text should, according to the articles of the current Code, be typified by using the plates as holotypes rather than by attempting to select, as lectotypes, specimens on which the plates might be based.
SESAMUM ORIENTALEL. (PEDALIACEAE): SESAME'S CORRECT NAME
Authors: Seegeier C. J. P.
Published: April 2006

The cultivated sesame is generally referred to asSesamum indicum, especially in areas outside south and east Asia. The use of this name is based on the authority of de Candolle, who chose the epithet ‘indicum’ when he combined the two Linnaean speciesS. indicumandS. orientalein 1845. According to some recent authors, de Candolle combined the species as early as 1825. It is argued that the latter assumption is not true and that Roxburgh was the first author to combine the species asS. orientalein 1832 and that, in view of the existing use of both names in the literature, conservation ofS. indicumagainstS. orientaleis not desirable. The lectotype forS. orientaleis cited.
Cibirhiza albersiana, a new species of Asclepiadaceae, and establishment of the tribe Fockeeae
Authors: Kunze Henning , Meve Ulrich , Liede Sigrid
Published: April 2006

Kunze, H., Meve, U. & Liede, S.: Cibirhiza albersiana, a new species of Asclepiadaceae, and establishment of the tribe Fockeeae. – Taxon 43: 367‐376. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

A new species from E. Africa, Cibirhiza albersiana, is described, illustrated and analysed. A new tribe, Fockeeae is established to accommodate Cibirhiza and Fockea. Its position within the family Asclepiadaceae is discussed.
“ALLEV”, a new program for computer‐assisted identification of yeasts
Authors: Robert V. , de Bien J.‐E. , Buyck B. , Hennebert G. L.
Published: April 2006

Robert, V., Bien, J.‐E. de, Buyck, B. & Hennebert, G. L.: “ALLEV”, a new program for computer‐assisted identification of yeasts. – Taxon 43: 433‐439. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

ALLEV, an IBM‐PC compatible program for easy, automatic and objective identification of yeasts, is presented. All tests are given equal weight. The program also permits to select or classify all or part of the reference species or registered strains, and to calculate similarity coefficients. For each operation a report file is created which can be visualized on screen or printed. The files are extensible, and data can be added, deleted or modified.
Clerodendrum cecil‐fischeri, a new name for Clerodendrum fischeri (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Rajendran A. , Daniel P.
Published: April 2006

Rajendran, A. & Daniel, P.: Clerodendrum cecil‐fischeri, a new name for Clerodendrum fischeri (Verbenaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 611–612. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Clerodendrum cecil‐fischeri is a replacement name for C. fischeri Naithani & Bennet 1983, non Gürke 1894.
The nomenclatural status of Holodiscus Maxim. (Rosaceae), with a proposal (1005) to reject Sericotheca Raf
Authors: Silva Paul C.
Published: April 2006

Silva, P. C.: The nomenclatural status of Holodiscus Maxim. (Rosaceae), with a proposal (1005) to reject Sericotheca Raf. ‐ Taxon 40: 638–642. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Holodiscus Maxim. was originally conserved, in 1905, against Schizonotus Raf., which subsequently was shown to be a later homonym and was therefore deleted as a rejected name. Despite its conserved status, Holodiscus must yield to Sericotheca Raf. when the genus is circumscribed to include H. argenteus, the type of the latter generic name. In view of the confusion that may arise when Sericotheca is used as the correct name while Holodiscus remains in the list of conserved names, it is proposed to add Sericotheca as a rejected name under Holodiscus. It is also proposed to accredit the conserved name directly to Maximowicz, as the name was originally conserved, rather than to (K. Koch) Maximowicz as initiated in 1961 in the Montreal Code.
William Lobb in Ecuador and the enigma of Solanum lobbianum
Authors: Hawkes John G.
Published: April 2006

Hawkes, J. G.: William Lobb in Ecuador and the enigma of Solanum lobbianum. — Taxon 41: 471–475. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.

A study of the William and Joseph Hooker archives at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has provided a clear picture of the 1843 itinerary in Ecuador and southern Colombia of the British plant collector, William Lobb. Solanum lobbianum (sect. Petota) was described by Georg Bitter based on a single type specimen at Kew, but because it had not been re‐collected since 1843 it was presumed to be extinct. “Lobb Columbia” was the only label information. It has now been re‐collected twice in Ecuador by a recent American expedition, and from the archival and other information detailed here it seems likely that the type specimen was gathered in Ecuador also.
The need to change Article 8.3 of the Code
Authors: Barrie Fred R. , Jarvis Charles E. , Reveal James L.
Published: April 2006

Barrie, F. R., Jarvis, C. E. & Reveal, J. L.: The need to change Article 8.3 of the Code. — Taxon 41: 508–512. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.

Art. 8.3 was added to the International code of botanical nomenclature at the Berlin Congress to establish the minimum requirements for the formal designation of a lectotype or neotype and to invalidate the practice of residual typification. Although it effectively stabilizes generic typifications, the wording of Art. 8.3 forces the acceptance of any use of the term “type” or its equivalent to be an effective lectotypification or neotypification and this can have unforeseen, destabilizing consequences for species and infraspecific names.
The typification of Turraea L. (Meliaceae)
Authors: Mabberley D. J. , Cheek Martin
Published: April 2006

Mabberley, D. J. & Cheek, M.: The typification of Turraea L. (Meliaceae). — Taxon 41: 541–545. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.

Turraea virens L., the type of Turraea L. (Meliaceae), is here lectotypified with a König specimen from the Comores. T. ticoraeopsis Baillon is a synonym and this taxon is close to the type of Naregamia Wight & Arn.
Over‐collecting: an overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa
Authors: Norton David A. , Lord Janice M. , Given David R. , De Lange Peter J.
Published: April 2006

Norton, D. A., Lord, J. M., Given, D. R. & De Lange, P. J.: Over‐collecting: an overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa. – Taxon 43: 181‐185. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Botanists, both professional and amateur, can have a substantial impact on uncommon plant taxa through over‐collecting, and in some cases this may result in extinction of uncommon taxa. This paper reviews examples of over‐collecting, mainly from the New Zealand flora, and suggests five guidelines to reduce its impact: (1) to use photographs where possible, especially as a preliminary record, (2) not to collect whole plants unless there are more than 20 plants, or more than 5 % of any one plant, (3) not to collect flowers or fruits if only a few present, (4) not to collect duplicates, and (5) to use seeds or cuttings for cultivation. Awareness of the effects of over‐collection and adoption of these collecting guidelines should contribute significantly to the conservation of uncommon plants.
Lectotypification of Asphodelus ramosus (Asphodelaceae), a misunderstood Linnaean name
Authors: Lifante Zoila Díaz , Valdé Benito
Published: April 2006

Díaz Lifante, Z. & Valdés, B.: Lectotypification of Asphodelus ramosus (Asphodelaceae), a misunderstood Linnaean name. – Taxon 43: 247‐251.1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The application of the name Asphodelus ramosus L. is established by typification on material in the Linnaean herbarium (LINN).
Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 41
Authors: Brummitt R. K.
Published: April 2006

Summery

Brummitt, R. K.: Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 41. – Taxon 43: 271‐277. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

This report deals with 26 proposals to conserve and/or reject. Eleven are recommended, 15 are not recommended, the latter including seven that will be reconsidered in the light of the Tokyo Code.
The systematic position of the Blepharispermum group (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)
Authors: Eriksson Torsten
Published: April 2006

Eriksson, T.: The systematic position of the Blepharispermum group (Asteraceae, Heliantheae). ‐ Taxon 40: 33–39. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The three genera Athroisma, Blepharispermum and Leucoblepharis have previously been placed in the Inuleae. They constitute a monophyletic group whose inclusion in the Inuleae is rejected, on the basis of morphological evidence, and who instead belong to the Ecliptinae within the Heliantheae.
Typification of three names in Campylaephora (Rhodophyceae: Ceramiaceae)
Authors: Boo Sung‐Min , Yoshida Tadao
Published: April 2006

Boo, S.‐M. & Yoshida, T.: Typification of three names in Campylaephora (Rhodophyceae: Ceramiaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 95–96. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Lectotypes are designated for Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh, C. crassa (Okam.) Nakam. and C. crassa f. cymosa Nakam. It is argued that the author citation of C. crassa f. cymosa and f. borealis should be “Nakam.”, not “(Okam.) Nakam.”, because Okamura never validly published the epithet‐bringing synonyms of these names.
The identity of Leroy's fifth subfamily of theMeliaceae, and a new combination inCommiphora (Burseraceae)
Authors: Cheek Martin , Rakotozafy Armand
Published: April 2006

Cheek, M. & Rakotozafy, A.: The identity of Leroy's fifth subfamily of theMeliaceae, and a new combination inCommiphora (Burseraceae). ‐ Taxon40: 231–237. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Neomangenotia ankaranensisLeroy, placed by that author in a monotypic subfamily of theMeliaceaeon the basis of a single collection made by him from northern Madagascar, has recently been recollected and found to be congeneric with the large, widespread and mainly palaeotropical genusCommiphora (Burseraceae).
Varietal autonyms of nontypical subspecies ‐ validly published combinations under today's Code
Authors: Kartesz John T. , Gandhi Kancheepuram N.
Published: April 2006

Kartesz, J. T. & Gandhi, K. N.: Varietal autonyms of nontypical subspecies ‐ validly published combinations under today's Code. ‐ Taxon 40: 308–310. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The status of varietal “autonyms” of nontypical subspecies, found in quadrinomials that were made prior to the 1972 (Seattle) Code, is discussed. They are considered as validly published trinomial combinations, subject to fulfilment of the requirements of the present Code, rather than as quadrinomial expressions of classification. For instance, Hitchcock in 1964 proposed and accepted such varietal names intended as autonyms bur involuntarily validated by citation of the relevant basionyms. Later alleged validations of the same combinations are nomenclaturally irrelevant.
CYPERUS ECHINATUS AND CYPERUS CROCEUS, THE CORRECT NAMES FOR NORTH AMERICAN CYPERUS OVULARIS AND CYPERUS GLOBULOSUS (CYPERACEAE)
Authors: Carter Richard , Krai Robert
Published: April 2006

Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. and C. globulosus Aubl. are presently applied to common and widespread eastern North American sedges. Herein we lectotypify the names Kyllinga ovularis Michx. [basionym of Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr.], Scirpus echinatus L. [basionym of Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood], and Cyperus globulosus Aubl. We conclude that Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. is a synonym, Cyperus globulosus Aubl. has been misapplied, and propose that Cyperus echinatus (L.) Wood and Cyperus croceus Vahl be used instead.
LECTOTYPIFICATION AND SYNONYMY OF AGRIMONIA GRYPOSEPALA WALLROTH (ROSACEAE)
Authors: Kline Genevieve J. , Sörensen Paul D.
Published: April 2006

The reticulated nomenclatural history of Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. is discussed and its synonymy presented. Lectotypes are designated for A. gryposepala Wallr. and A. eupatoria [var.] hirsuta Muhl., as well as the names based on these basionyms, Eupatorium gryposepala (Wallr.) Lunell, A. hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell, and Eupatorium hirsutum (Muhl.) Nieuwland. The latter two combinations are shown to involve misidentifications, A. hirsuta sensu Bicknell and Eupatorium hirsutum sensu Nieuwland, of A. gryposepala Wallr.
RECONSIDERATION OF THE NAME MALLOTUS JAPONICUS VAR. OCHRACEO‐ALBIDUS (MÜLL.‐ARG.) S. M. HWANG (EUPHORBIACEAE)
Authors: Boufford David E.
Published: April 2006

According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the varietal epithet ochraceo‐albidus in Mallotus oreophilus is preempted by that of the autonym M. oreophilus var. oreophilus, typified by “Hook, et Thoms. sub. Rottl. n. 5! quoad ♂.” The name M. japonicus var. ochraceo‐albidus (Müll.‐Arg.) S. M. Hwang is therefore incorrect and the varietal epithet would have to be changed to oreophilus if this taxon is accepted.
Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth is the correct name for Leptochloa filiformis (Poaceae)
Authors: Snow Neil , Davidse Gerrit
Published: April 2006

Snow, N. & Davidse, G.: Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth is the correct name for Leptochloa filiformis (Poaceae). — Taxon 42: 413–417. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.

The widespread and weedy eragrostoid grass currently known as Leptochloa filiformis is based on a later homonym. It should be called L. mucronata (Michx.) Kunth. A complete synonymy is provided.
THE TRITICALE CULTIVARS INTERNATIONAL REGISTER COMPUTER SYSTEM, A FLEXIBLE INFORMATION SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION
Authors: Baum Bernard R. , Bailey L. Grant , Nugent John , Royds William G. , Elvidge R.
Published: April 2006

A revised computer system for generating international registries of cultivars is described. The system implements INGRES (Relational Technologies Inc.) a powerful relational database management system package. It is fully integrated from all aspects, including data input and report generation. The user may customize his own reports if desired. The system allows for the incorporation of information on gene transfer from remote taxa in cultivar generation and thus is capable of documenting various biotechnological methods in modern breeding approaches.
COLLECTIONS OF SIR JOSEPH BANKS FROM HIS 1766 EXPEDITION TO NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES, OTTAWA, CANADA
Authors: Shchepanek Michael J. , Darbyshire Stephen J.
Published: April 2006

Forty‐three vascular plant specimens were found recently at the National Herbarium of Canada that were collected by Sir Joseph Banks on his voyage to Newfoundland and Labrador in 1766. A list of these specimens is presented together with a discussion of the relationship that they bear to collections at the British Museum (Natural History) in London as well as information contained in Banks's personal diary and plant catalogue.
ON PREVIOUS MISUSES OF THE NAME DIPLOTAXIS PITARDIANA MAIRE (CRUCIFERAE: BRASSICEAE)
Authors: Martínez‐Laborde Juan B.
Published: April 2006

The previous misidentification of the two seed samples kept as “Diplotaxis pitardiana Maire” at the Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Escuela T. S. de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Madrid, is reported. Published data on this species obtained by a number of authors using these samples should be ascribed to Diplotaxis simplex (Viv.) Sprengel.
OLIGANDRA LESS. REVISITED AND THE NEED FOR A NEW GENUS, PSEUDOLIGANDRA (ASTERACEAE: INULEAE)
Authors: Dillon Michael O. , Alva Abundio Sagástegui
Published: April 2006

Oligandra Less. was stated by Freire (1989) to be unispecific and a synonym of Lucilia Cass. Freire formally transferred the type species, O. lycopodioides Less., to Lucilia. However, she did not account for two additional species: Oligandra pachymorpha Wedd. and O. chrysocoma Wedd. Neither belongs in Lucilia as currently interpreted (Freire, 1986).
Abies seed protein profile divergent from other Pinaceae
Authors: Jensen Uwe , Lixue Chen
Published: April 2006

Jensen, U. & Lixue, C.: Abies seed protein profile divergent from other Pinaceae. ‐ Taxon 40: 435–440. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

Legumin‐like 55 KD dimers were found to belong to a major seed storage protein in most genera of Pinaceae. However, the 12 Abies species investigated proved to be an exception, failing to reveal any such proteins in the seeds.
The condition of the Leningrad Herbarium
Authors: Jeffrey C.
Published: April 2006

Jeffrey, C: The condition of the Leningrad Herbarium. ‐ Taxon 40: 459–460. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The richness of the Leningrad Herbarium, both with regard to specimen numbers and to their value for science, is pointed out and contrasted against the dilapidated state of the herbarium building. If the herbarium, and the equally priceless library, are to be maintained for the future, the international community will have to help so that an entirely new building can be provided. [Ass. Ed.'s abstract.]
Notes on the type specimens of red algal parasites described from California by W. A. Setchell
Authors: Silva Paul C.
Published: April 2006

Silva, P. C.: Notes on the type specimens of red algal parasites described from California by W. A. Setchell. ‐ Taxon 40: 463–470. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The type specimens of 13 species of red algal parasites described from California by W. A. Setchell are discussed with regard to collection data and current physical condition as conserved in UC. Five of these types are the types of generic names (Faucheocolax, Gracilariophila, Jantinella, Plocamiocolax, and Rhodymeniocolax). Discrepancies, errors, and expressions of doubt that have appeared in the citation of types by subsequent workers are clarified. The correct name for the host of Colacodasya verruciformis is shown to be Chondria acrorhizophora Setchell & Gardner when this species is united with C. californica (Collins) Kylin.
Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Daphne alpina (Thymelaeaceae)
Authors: Urbani Malvina
Published: April 2006

Urbani, M.: Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Daphne alpina (Thymelaeaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 493–495. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.

The name Daphne alpina L. is lectotypified by an illustration of l'Obel, which safeguards traditional usage. The species appears to have been variously confused, by Linnaeus and other authors, with Daphne collina Vahl. [Ass. Ed.'s abstract.]