bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aromatherapy in a carcinoma patient with Malignant Fungating Wounds :a case report
Authors: Li Yan , Zhou Jingbo , Cheng Zijun , Du Xixi , Cheng Xin , Peng Wei
Published: October 2023

Malignant Fungating wounds is caused by tumor growth ,which give rise to skin damage, micro vascular rupture and tissue necrosis. The patient frequently suffer from pain, foul smell, functional impairment, bleeding as well as cataclysm due to necrosis and microbial contamination. Malignant Fungating wounds of patients can't heal definitely, Despite the symptom management and wound management strategies will improve quality of life and maintain personal dignity .Aromatherapy as an adjuvant treatment is used to relieve pain, remove odor and alleviate psychological distress on end-of-life care. The case is aim to analysis of a patient retrospective date using aromatherapy to deal with the symptoms of pain, bleeding and infection caused by Fungating Wounds. it was found that wound infection and pain were alleviated, psychological pain was relieved significantly and the patient's malignant wound was surprisingly healed by aromatherapy, which met patient’s hope of last stage .
Photodegradation of crystal violet by nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/ZnO nanorod nanocomposites
Authors: Aghakhani Hamed , Babamoradi Mohsen , Azimirad Rouhollah , Safa Saeed
Published: October 2023

The photodegradation of crystal violet (CV) was studied by nitrogen doped reduced-graphene oxide (N-rGO)/ZnO nanorod nanocomposites. ZnO nanorods and N-rGOs were synthesized by hydrothermal method separately. N-rGOs were dropped on the ZnO nanorods via spin coater for synthesizing the nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that ZnO nanorods are synthesized well. The photodegradation results showed that the 80% degradation of CV obtained after 120 min illumination of the best nanocomposite under 40W visible light.
Tumor-derived exosome miR-558 promotes angiogenesis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting HPSE
Authors: Ding Bixiao , Chen Qingwen , Li Xiaoguang , Wu Zhen , Ding Yuancheng , Wu Qiong , Han Liang , Wu Hao
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-558 in tumor angiogenesis by targeting heparinase (HPSE) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC)-derived exosomes.
Materials and Methods
In the present study, the role of exosome miR-558 in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was investigated by cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, subcutaneous tumor formation in mice, and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The target genes of miR-558 were detected by means of dual luciferase assay.
Results
It was found that TSCC cells secrete miR-558 into the extracellular environment, with exosome as the carrier. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) ingested exosomes, which not only increased the expression level of miR-558, but also enhanced their proliferation, migration, and tube formation functions. In vivo Matrigel plug assay demonstrated that TSCC cell-derived exosome miR-558 promoted neovascularization in vivo. Compared with negative control cells, TSCC cells overexpressing miR-558 formed subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, with larger volume, heavier mass, and more vascularization. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that HPSE was the direct target gene regulated by miR-558. HPSE promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs, and the knockout of HPSE could down-regulate the pro-angiogenic effect of miR-558.
Conclusion
In summary, miR-558 in TSCC exosomes promotes the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs by targeting HPSE, and enhance tumor angiogenesis.
Comparison among oral lichen planus, lichenoid lesions and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a clinicopathological, transversal study
Authors: Moreira¹ Milena Duarte , Maia¹ Fernanda Doyle , Zimbrão Viviane Limongi , Collodetti¹ Emilly , Grão-Velloso¹ Tânia Regina , Barros¹ Liliana Aparecida Pimenta , Lourenço Simone , Camisasca Danielle
Published: October 2023

Background
Clinicopathological diagnosis and follow-up of oral lichen planus and leukoplakia are necessary due to its potential for malignant transformation and the need to differentiate it from other lichenoid diseases and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This study aimed to classify and compare sociodemographic and clinicopathological features among oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid lesions and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.
Methods: A transversal observational study was conducted in which oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus cases were surveyed at the Oral Pathological Anatomy Service and Applied Biotechnology Laboratory. Sociodemographic and clinicopathological data were compared regarding the lesions studied with the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.
Results: After classification, 21 oral lichen planus, 34 oral lichenoid lesions and 12 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia cases were evaluated. Reticular patterns are more characteristic of oral lichen planus and plaque lesions of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Buccal mucosa was the most affected site in oral lichen planus lesions and they were bilateral in all cases. Epithelial dysplasia was present in almost all cases of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.
Conclusion: Oral lichenoid lesions presented intermediate features when compared to oral lichen planus and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This may delay proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnosis.
Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible and Maxilla; A Clinicopathological Study of 21 cases
Authors: Lazim Ahmed F , Gupta Sakshi Fnu , Mallikarjuna Vinay Sakaleshpura , Proca Daniela , Kuklani Riya
Published: October 2023

Background
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an intraosseous, locally invasive, rare non- neoplastic lesion. Histologically, CGCG is characterized by aggregates of multinucleated giant cells, in a background of hemorrhage and reactive fibrous tissue, infiltrating between the eroded bone trabeculae. As an idiopathic non- neoplastic proliferative lesion, CGCG was first described by Jaffe in 1953. Although intraosseous hemorrhages or trauma are possible mechanisms, still the lesion is of unknown histogenesis and etiology. The mandible is a common location of involvement, and CGCG manifest as unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion on X rays. Children and young adults are the population most affected, with slight female preponderance.
Methods and Materials:
A total of 21 cases of CGCG were diagnosed at the oral pathology/pathology department in Temple University Hospital from 2015–2022. All the cases were evaluated retrospectively by studying the following parameters, age, gender, symptoms, radiographic findings, clinical differential diagnosis and the histological confirmation of the cases as central giant cell granulomas. X- Ray of the mandible and maxilla were the main radiographic technique utilized to help establishing the diagnosis. The paraffin embedded tissue was cut at 5um thickness sections and stained by routine H&E stain. No special histochemical or immunohistochemical stains were used.
Results
Of the total of 21 cases, nine were males and eleven were females, while a single case was of unknown gender. Age range was 15–76 years, with a mean of 50 years. The mandible was the most common location of involvement (17; 81%), and maxilla was affected less commonly (4 cases; 19%). Many of the CGCG lesions were asymptomatic (13; 62%); eight cases (38%) were symptomatic, and the main manifestations were pain, and fullness of the affected dental region. In a minority of cases, brown tumor (severe hyperparathyroidism) and odontogenic neoplasms, such as ameloblastoma, were suspected clinically and radiographically. The diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma with associated acute and chronic inflammation was confirmed in all the cases. Histological evaluation of the H&E-stained sections was the main diagnostic tool utilized. No special stains or molecular studies were required to establish the final diagnosis.
Discussion
We have concluded that CGCG is non-neoplastic, with aggressive or non-aggressive behavior, predominantly involving the mandible, with rare cases involving the maxilla. No confirmed association with neoplastic lesion was recognized. The lesions followed an indolent clinical course, and some were associated with impacted teeth. CGCG can mimic neoplastic conditions such as ameloblastoma or localized lesion associated with systemic disorders, for instance hyperparathyroidism (brown tumor).
Use of ClearGuard HD Caps in Pediatric Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Nau Amy , Richardson Troy , Cardwell Diana , Ehrlich Jennifer , Gattineni Jyothsna , Hanna Melisha , Keswani Mahima , Neu Alisha , Neibauer Emily , Nitz Kelly , Quigley Raymond , Rheault Michelle , Sims Rebekah , Woo Mayna , Warady Bradley A
Published: October 2023

Background
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a leading cause of hospitalizations and mortality among patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) therapy, especially those with a central venous catheter (CVC) for dialysis access. The use of chlorhexidine impregnated catheter caps (ClearGuard) has been associated with a decrease in the rate of HD catheter-related BSIs (CA-BSI) in adults; similar data have not been published in children.
Methods
We compared CA-BSI data from participating centers within the Standardizing Care to Improve Outcomes in Pediatric Endstage Kidney Disease (SCOPE) collaborative based on the center’s use of ClearGuard caps for patients with HD catheter access. Centers were characterized as ClearGuard (CG) or non-ClearGuard (NCG) centers, with CA-BSI data pre and post CG implementation reviewed. All positive blood cultures in participating centers were reported to the SCOPE collaborative and adjudicated by an infectious disease physician.
Results
Data was available from 1,786 SCOPE enrollment forms completed January 2016-January 2022. January 2020 served as the implementation date for analyzing CG versus NCG center data, with this being the time when the last CG center underwent implementation. Post January 2020, there was a greater decrease in the rate of HD CA-BSI in CG centers versus NCG centers, with a decrease from 1.18 to 0.23 and 0.41 episodes per 100 patient months for the CG and NCG centers, respectively (P = 0.002).
Conclusion
Routine use of ClearGuard caps in pediatric dialysis centers was associated with a reduction of HD CA-BSI rates in pediatric HD patients.
Random Walk with Restart on multilayer networks: from node prioritisation to supervised link prediction and beyond
Authors: Baptista Anthony , Briere Galadriel , Baudot Anais
Published: October 2023

Background: Biological networks have proven invaluable ability for representing biological knowledge. Multilayer networks, which gather different types of nodes and edges in multiplex, heterogeneous and bipartite networks, provide a natural way to integrate diverse and multi-scale data sources into a common framework. Recently, we developed MultiXrank, a Random Walk with Restart algorithm able to explore such multilayer networks. MultiXrank outputs scores reflecting the proximity between an initial set of seed node(s) and all the other nodes in the multilayer network. We illustrate here the versatility of bioinformatics tasks that can be performed using MultiXrank.
Results: We first show that MultiXrank can be used to prioritise genes and drugs of interest by exploring multilayer networks containing interactions between genes, drugs, and diseases. In a second study, we illustrate how MultiXrank scores can also be used in a supervised strategy to train a binary classifier to predict gene-disease associations. The classifier performance are validated using outdated and novel gene-disease association for training and evaluation, respectively. Finally, we show that MultiXrank scores can be used to compute diffusion profiles and use them as disease signatures. We computed the diffusion profiles of more than 100 immune diseases using a multilayer network that includes cell-type specific genomic information. The clustering of the immune disease diffusion profiles reveals shared shared phenotypic characteristics.
Conclusion: Overall, we illustrate here diverse applications of MultiXrank to showcase its versatility. We expect that this can lead to further and broader bioinformatics applications.
Smart Bandages with Integrated Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Wound Inflammation and Infection
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed C. , Azzahrani Ahmad S. , Alsheikhy Ahmed A. , Resen Dheyaa A.
Published: October 2023

Developing fiber bragg grating fiber optic sensors for smart bandages offers significant advantages and has the potential to reform wound care. Smart bandages with FBG enable real-time monitoring of vital wound parameters such as temperature, moisture, and pressure and provide an accurate representation of the wound environment, allowing for immediate intervention if any wound bed complications. Therefore, integrating fiber optic sensors in smart bandages to enhance wound care and monitoring capabilities. It can be embedded directly into the bandage material, allowing for precise and localized measurements at the wound bed. This accuracy is crucial for assessing the healing progress and identifying potential issues. The suggested fiber optic sensor consists of a thin layer of gold coated onto the fiber bragg gratings. The cladding of the FBGs was etched to a thickness of 20µm to optimize the interaction with the chronic wound environment. To enhance the sensing capabilities, the sensing FBG was coated with a 50nm thick layer of gold. The system is configured to monitor changes in the reflected frequencies of the sensing FBG in response to temperature variations in the structure of the FBG in the wound bed. The response of the proposed noninvasive fiber optic sensor as a function of temperature variations within the range of 37.3 to 37.9°C is approximately 34.95 pm/°C. The sensitivity of the generated beat frequency is 4.37GHz, and the variations in the beat frequency as the temperature changes, provide valuable insights into the sensor’s response. FBG with high precision can be feasible for smart bandages and represents a significant advancement in the field of wound care. The use of these sensors supports transforming traditional bandages into intelligent and proactive healthcare solutions.
Bloom and Postbloom Thinner Effects and Interactions on ‘Gala’ Fruit Growth Rate, Return Bloom, and Yield Responses at Three Locations
Authors: Larson James E. , Greene Duane W. , Schupp James R. , Clavet Christopher D. , Kon Thomas M.
Published: October 2023

Multistep chemical thinning programs have been widely recommended in the eastern United States; however, adoption of bloom thinners is limited. With caustic blossom thinners, narrow effective application timings and concerns related to spring frost damage are barriers for commercial use in this region. If effective and safe, use of hormonal blossom thinners for apple would be an attractive alternative. We evaluated the effects and interactions of bloom thinners [6-benzyladenine (BA) and lime sulfur (LS, or calcium polysulfide) + stylet oil (LS+SO)] and a postbloom thinner (NAA) in the context of a multistep, carbaryl-free thinning program across three locations. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 on mature ‘Gala’ in North Carolina, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, USA. In four of six studies, BA at bloom increased the efficacy of postbloom NAA and reduced crop density (P < 0.08). Postbloom NAA generally increased fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and reduced crop density. However, where NAA failed to reduce crop load, there was a negative influence on RGR. BA and LS+SO increased RGR in one of six studies; however, BA was generally ineffective as a blossom thinner, whereas LS+SO was more effective. Nevertheless, BA applied at bloom may have utility as part of a multistep thinning program. As a part of a multistep thinning program, BA applied at bloom may be useful in increasing efficacy of postbloom applications, particularly when use of caustic blossom thinners is not permitted.
Single-crystal elasticity of humite-group minerals by Brillouin scattering
Authors: Zhang Qingchun , Zhang Xinyue , Li Luo , Mao Zhu , Wu Xiang
Published: October 2023

Humite-group minerals play a crucial role in transporting water and fluorine to the Earth’s deep mantle through slab sinking. In this study, we have used Brillouin scattering to determine the single-crystal elastic constants of four natural humite-group minerals with varying H2O and fluorite contents under ambient conditions, including one chondrodite [Mg4.88Si1.94O8(OH0.78F1.22)] (F61-Chn), one humite [Mg7.03Si3.07O12(OH1.26F0.74)] (F37-Hu), and two clinohumite [Mg8.85Ti0.19Si3.93O16(OH1.11F0.89) and Mg8.63Fe0.10Ti0.24Si3.97O16(OH1.84F0.16)] (F45-Chu and F8-Chu) samples. The adiabatic bulk (KS0) and shear (G0) moduli calculated from the elastic constants using Voigt-Reuss-Hill averages are: KS0 = 120.4(3) GPa and G0 = 74.1(5) GPa for F61-Chn, KS0 = 122.4(3) GPa and G0 = 78.4(2) GPa for F37-Hu, KS0 = 126.2(3) GPa and G0 = 79.7(2) GPa for F45-Chu, and KS0 = 120.5(3) GPa and G0 = 76.8(2) GPa for F8-Chu. Our results indicate that the addition of F leads to a noticeable increase in the elasticity of clinohumite and chondrodite, which is in contrast to the effect of H2O. Although Fe has a negligible effect on the bulk modulus of clinohumite, it can produce a substantial decrease in the shear modulus. These results provide important insights into the influence of humite-group minerals on the mantle velocity structure. Furthermore, we have investigated the effects of composition on the elasticity and sound velocities of minerals along the forsterite-brucite join in the MgO-SiO2-H2O system, confirming previous observations. Increasing H2O content along the forsterite-brucite join leads to apparent reductions in the elasticity and sound velocities. The influence of Fe on the elasticity and sound velocities of these minerals has also been evaluated.
Rus Basınına Göre 1921 Yılında Ankara Hükümeti
Authors: DERVİŞ Leyla
Published: October 2023

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, kuruluşunun 100. yıldönümünü kutlamaya hazırlanmaktadır. Cumhuriyete giden tarihi sürecin en önemli adımlarından biri olan Ankara Hükümeti’nin kuruluşu ve Millî Mücadele evrelerini kapsayan konular, Türk bağımsızlık hareketi ve demokrasi tarihimiz bakımından özel bir öneme sahiptir. Emperyalizme karşı yürütülen Anadolu direnişine ilişkin gelişmelerin 1921 yılı boyunca Sovyet basınında nasıl yer aldığıyla ilgili ülkemizde pek az sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş süreci gelişmelerini o devrin Sovyet basını yakinen takip etmiştir. Anadolu’nun stratejik konumu nedeniyle Türk Millî Mücadelesi hem Rusya’da iktidara gelen Bolşevikler hem de onların muhalifi konumundaki Rus kesiminin ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu sebeple Ankara Hükümeti’nin ilk yıllarında cereyan eden olayları Sovyet basınından takip etmek mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 1921 yılında Sovyet basınında Ankara Hükümeti ile ilgili doğrudan veya dolaylı ilgisi olan ne tür haberlerin yapıldığı, Bolşeviklerin ve muhaliflerin Ankara Hükümeti’ne politik bakış açıları, ne tür yazıların çıktığı ve bunların ne ifade ettiği değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Effect of handwashing on the reduction of Escherichia coli on children's hands in an urban slum Indonesia
Authors: Rifqi Mahmud Aditya , Hamidah Umi , Sintawardani Neni , Harada Hidenori , Nyambe Sikopo , Sai Akira , Yamauchi Taro
Published: October 2023

Poor hand hygiene practice has been linked to an increase in the number of infections among children in urban slums. Hands are considered an intersection for bacterial transmission, but it is unclear whether the handwashing technique affects bacteria elimination. This study investigated the effect of handwashing on the concentration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and factors related to its reduction among children in an urban slum in Bandung, Indonesia. We observed handwashing and conducted repeated hand swabs before and after handwashing among 137 participants. The mean E. coli concentration on the hands decreased after handwashing, with a higher reduction in E. coli count among students who used soap and had soap contact for more than 10 s during handwashing. Cleaning in-between fingers, using soap, soap contact for more than 10 s, and drying hands with a single-use towel were effective factors for reducing E. coli concentration after handwashing (p < 0.05). More than half of the swab samples (59%) tested positive for E. coli after handwashing, indicating that the children's handwashing technique was not effective in completely removing E. coli from the hands. Moreover, sustained and consistent handwashing practice as a daily behavior in children would maximize the effect.
Modulation of Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs by Quercetin as a Potential Therapeutical Approach in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Asemi Reza , Mafi Ali , Sharifi Mehran , Homayoonfal Mina , Davoodvandi Amirhossein , Asemi Zatollah
Published: October 2023

Cancer can take years to develop, both at its beginning and during its development.
All typical epithelial cancers have a long latency period, sometimes 20 years or
more, and if they are clinically detected, distinct genes may include infinite mutations.
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a subset of RNAs that regulate many biological
processes, including RNA processing, epigenetic control, and signal transduction. Current
studies show that lncRNAs, which are dysregulated in cancer, play a significant
function in the growth and spread of the illness. LncRNAs have been connected to the
overexpression of specific proteins that function in tumors' spread and growth. Moreover,
through translational inhibition, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulates gene expression
sequence specifically. Apart from that, non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs, with a
length of around 22 nucleotides, controls gene expressions in a sequence-specific way either
by preventing translation or degrading messenger RNA (mRNA). Quercetin appears
to have a significant role in altering miRNA and lncRNA expression, which is linked to
variations in the production of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and proteins produced
from cancer. Quercetin may change the earliest epigenetic modifications related to cancer
prevention in addition to its usual antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects. It would
be beneficial to have more in-depth information on how Quercetin modulates miRNAs
and lncRNAs to use it as a cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, we go through what is
known about Quercetin's potential to modulate miRNAs and lncRNAs in various malignancies.
The Role of the Vagus Nerve in the Microbiome and Digestive System in Relation to Epilepsy
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Ochoa Ernesto , Gatica Fernando , Portilla Alonso , Vázquez David , Rubio-Osornio Moisés
Published: October 2023

:

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) is described as a division of the Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS), located within the gut wall and it is formed by two main
plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's).
The contribution of the ENS to the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases
such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease has been described in the literature, while
some other studies have found a connection between epilepsy and the gastrointestinal
tract. The above could be explained by cholinergic neurons and neurotransmission systems
in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, regulating the vagal excitability effect.
It is also understandable, as the discharges arising in the amygdala are transmitted to the
intestine through projections the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, giving rise to efferent
fibers that stimulate the gastrointestinal tract and consequently the symptoms at this
level. Therefore, this review's main objective is to argue in favor of the existing relationship
of the ENS with the Central Nervous System (CNS) as a facilitator of epileptogenic
or ictogenic mechanisms. The gut microbiota also participates in this interaction; however,
it depends on many individual factors of each human being. The link between the
ENS and the CNS is a poorly studied epileptogenic site with a big impact on one of the
most prevalent neurological conditions such as epilepsy.
Identifying NFKB1, STAT3, and CDKN1A as Baicalein’s Potential Hub Targets
in Parkinson’s Disease-related α-synuclein-mediated Pathways by Integrated
Bioinformatics Strategies
Authors: Li Xingjian , Deng Qiyin , Kuang Yaoyun , Mao Hengxu , Yao Meiling , Lin Changsong , Luo Xiaodong , Xu Pingyi
Published: October 2023

Background:

The overexpression, accumulation, and cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein leads
to the deterioration of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Previous studies suggest that Baicalein (BAI) can bind to
α-synuclein and inhibit α-synuclein aggregation and secretion. However, it is still unclear whether BAI can
intervene with the pathogenic molecules in α-synuclein-mediated PD pathways besides targeting α-synuclein
per se.

Methods:

This study aimed to systematically investigate BAI’s potential targets in PD-related A53T mutant
α-synuclein-mediated pathways by integrating data mining, network pharmacological analysis, and molecular
docking simulation techniques.

Results:

The results suggest that BAI may target genes that are dysregulated in synaptic transmission, vesicle
trafficking, gene transcription, protein binding, extracellular matrix formation, and kinase activity in
α-synuclein-mediated pathways. NFKB1, STAT3, and CDKN1A are BAI’s potential hub targets in these pathways.

Conclusion:

Our study provides clues for future anti-PD drug development.
Effect and Mechanisms of Huangqi-Shanzhuyu in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Experiments
Authors: Han Yu , Wei Shufei , Liu Chao , Nie Ying , Yuan Shizhao , Ma Yinghua , Zhao Yile , Zhang Guying
Published: October 2023

Background::

Huangqi-Shanzhuyu (HS), a classic combination of Chinese herbal
formulae, has been widely used for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, its
pharmacological mechanism of action is still unclear.

Methods::

The active ingredients of HS and their potential targets were identified through the
Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP)
and the DN-related targets were determined from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in
Man (OMIM), PharmGkb, and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The Cytoscape software
was used to construct a herb-disease-target network and screen core genes. STRING was employed
to generate a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the
mechanism of action of HS in DN. Animal experiments and molecular docking were used to verify
the potential mechanism.

Results::

In total, 40 active ingredients and 180 effective targets of HS in DN were identified and
1115 DN-related targets were retrieved. From the PPI network, VEGFA, AKT1, IL6, IL1B,
TP53, MMP9, PTGS2, CASP3, EGF and EGFR were identified as core genes. The anti-DN
mechanism mainly involved multiple signaling pathways such as AGEs-RAGE. Animal experiments
and molecular docking analysis confirmed that HS downregulated the expression of IL-1
and IL-6 via kaempferol-mediated inhibition of JNK1 phosphorylation.

Conclusions::

HS exhibits a therapeutic effect in DN through its multiple ingredients that act on
several targets and multiple signaling pathways, including AGEs-RAGE.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction in
the Treatment of Chronic Gastritis
Authors: Sun Zheyu , Deng Haiyan , Liu Yuna , Zhang Jing , Xu Chunfeng
Published: October 2023

Background:

Chronic gastritis (CG) is characterized by inflammation of the gastric
mucosa, which can progress to atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Xiangsha
Liujunzi Decoction (XSLJZD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription commonly
used to treat digestive system diseases, is widely used to treat CG. Therefore, it is necessary to
systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of XSLJZD in the treatment of CG.

Methods:

Chinese and English databases were searched, and randomized controlled trials of
XSLJZD for the treatment of CG were collected from the establishment of the databases to December
28, 2022. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological
quality of the included studies was assessed using the risk-of-bias assessment tool in
the Cochrane Handbook. Data from the included studies were extracted, and a meta-analysis was
performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15.1. Finally, funnel plots and Egger's tests were
used to assess publication bias.

Results:

Fourteen studies with a sample size of 1434 cases. XSLJZD has more advantages than
conventional treatment in the treatment of CG, as it can improve the clinical cure rate, clinical
efficacy rate, efficacy rate of endoscopic examination, recurrence rate, and TCM symptom
scores, and is relatively safe. Funnel plots and Egger's tests indicated publication bias in the
included studies.

Conclusion:

The results of the meta-analysis showed that XSLJZD has advantages in treating
CG compared with conventional treatment and is relatively safe. However, owing to the limitations
in the quality and quantity of the included studies, caution is recommended when generalizing
and applying these results. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Sida cordifolia L.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Phytonanotechnology, and Commercial Application
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kumar Sandeep , Vishnoi Vineet Kumar , Kumar Pradeep , Maheshwari Dinesh Kumar
Published: October 2023

Background:

After a period of prolonged indifference, where synthetic drugs were preferred, interest in the biological aspects and bioactive ingredients of plants accountable for therapeutic potential has been explored eminently. Sida cordifolia L. is a perennial herb that has been widely utilized in Indian (Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha), American, and Chinese folk medicine and herbalism practice for curing a wide range of ailments in human beings.

Objective:

The goal of this review is to elucidate indigenous knowledge parallelly with the pharmacotherapeutics potential of Sida cordifolia L. against various diseases. It is also intended to display pertinent information related to nanoparticle profiling.

Methods:

In the current comprehensive study, web-based searches were performed by using several databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, and Scopus, to figure out relevant research work and data published in academic journals from 1930 to July, 2023 using single or combination of keywords listed herewith.

Results:

More than 50 chemical constituents, including quinazoline and phenethylamine alkaloids, flavones, flavonol, phytosterol, fatty acids, etc., were reported to be found in different parts of healthy plants. Apart from traditional claims and pharmacological aspects, several marketed herbal formulations and granted patents were also described.

Conclusion:

Several in-vitro and in-vivo studies validated the usage of S. cordifolia as antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anthelmintic, anticancer, antiulcer, cardioprotective, hypoglycemic, etc. agent. Few patents are also related to S. cordifolia, and more research work needs to be carried out for its potential granted to use as an antiviral agent and other new drug discovery molecules.
Current Updates on the Role of MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Saleem Ammara , Javed Maira , Furqan Akhtar Muhammad , Sharif Ali , Akhtar Bushra , Naveed Muhammad , Saleem Uzma , Ashraf Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran , Zubair Hafiz Muhammad , Bin Emran Talha , Saleem Mohammad , Ashraf Ghulam Md
Published: October 2023

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play a significant
role in the regulation of gene expression. The literature has explored the key involvement of miRNAs
in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDD),
such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). The
miRNA regulates various signalling pathways; its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of
NDD.

Objective:

The present review is focused on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of
NDD and their role in the treatment or management of NDD. The literature provides comprehensive
and cutting-edge knowledge for students studying neurology, researchers, clinical psychologists,
practitioners, pathologists, and drug development agencies to comprehend the role of miRNAs
in the NDD’s pathogenesis, regulation of various genes/signalling pathways, such as α-synuclein,
P53, amyloid-β, high mobility group protein (HMGB1), and IL-1β, NMDA receptor signalling,
cholinergic signalling, etc.

Methods:

The issues associated with using anti-miRNA therapy are also summarized in this review.
The data for this literature were extracted and summarized using various search engines,
such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and NCBI using different terms, such as NDD, PD,
AD, HD, nanoformulations of mRNA, and role of miRNA in diagnosis and treatment.

Results:

The miRNAs control various biological actions, such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic
plasticity, cytoprotection, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and chaperone-mediated
autophagy, and neurite growth in the central nervous system and diagnosis. Various miRNAs
are involved in the regulation of protein aggregation in PD and modulating β-secretase activity in
AD. In HD, mutation in the huntingtin (Htt) protein interferes with Ago1 and Ago2, thus affecting
the miRNA biogenesis. Currently, many anti-sense technologies are in the research phase for either
inhibiting or promoting the activity of miRNA.

Conclusion:

This review provides new therapeutic approaches and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis
and prognosis of NDDs by using miRNA.
Astragaloside IV Protects Against IL-1β-Induced Chondrocyte Damage via Activating Autophagy
Authors: Xu Hang , Jing-Bo Wang , Chen Yue-Ping , Huang Wei , Wei Zong-Bo
Published: October 2023

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that
affects the articular cartilage. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) constitutes the primary active
component of the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi (Radix Astragali Mongolici). AS-IV
demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic attributes, exhibiting therapeutic
potential across various inflammatory and apoptosis-related disorders. Nevertheless,
its pharmaceutical effects in OA are yet to be fully defined.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the protective impact of AS-IV on rat
chondrocytes treated with IL-1β and ascertain whether autophagy plays a role in this
effect.

Methods:

Chondrocytes were isolated and cultivated from the knee joints of neonatal
SD mice. The study included the blank control group, the model group, and the AS-IV
concentration gradient group (50, 100, 200 µmol/L) to intervene with chondrocytes.
The MTT assay was employed to assess cell viability at varying culture periods,
enabling the determination of suitable concentration and duration. Subsequently,
chondrocytes were treated with the optimal AS-IV concentration and divided into three
groups: the model group replicated IL-1β-induced inflammatory chondrocyte injury, the
AS-IV group received a co-culture of AS-IV and IL-1β, and a blank control group was
established. Changes in cell morphology and structure were observed using ghost pen
cyclic peptide staining. ELISA was used to measure TNF-α and GAG levels in cell
supernatants. RT-qPCR assessed p62 and LC3 mRNA expression, while Western Blot
evaluated p62 and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein expression.

Results:

AS-IV promoted chondrocyte proliferation and concurrently inhibited cell
apoptosis. An optimal AS-IV dose of 200 µmol/L and a suitable reaction time of 48 h
were identified. Ghost pen cyclic peptide staining indicated that the model group's
cytoskeleton exhibited fusiform changes with reduced immunofluorescence intensity,
as opposed to the blank control group. The AS-IV group displayed more polygonal
cytoskeletal morphology with increased immunofluorescence intensity. AS-IV reduced
TNF-α levels and elevated GAG levels in the culture supernatant. Additionally, AS-IV
lowered p62 mRNA and protein expression while increasing LC3 mRNA expression in
cultured chondrocytes.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that AS-IV mitigates inflammatory chondrocyte
injury, safeguarding chondrocytes through a potential autophagy suppression
mechanism. These results imply that AS-IV could offer preventive advantages for OA.
The Roles of Autophagy-related miRNAs in Gynecologic Tumors:
A Review of Current Knowledge for Possible Targeted Therapy
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Mahya , Faridzadeh Arezoo , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Samarghandian Saeed
Published: October 2023

:

Gynecological cancers are the leading cause of malignancy-related death
and disability in the world. These cancers are diagnosed at end stages, and
unfortunately, the standard therapeutic strategies available for the treatment of
affected women [including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery] are not safe and
effective enough. Moreover, the unwanted side-effects lowering the patients' life quality
is another problem for these therapies. Therefore, researchers should search for better
alternative/complementary treatments. The involvement of autophagy in the
pathogenesis of various cancers has been demonstrated. Recently, a novel crosstalk
between microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs with important regulatory functions, and
autophagy machinery has been highlighted. In this review, we indicate the importance
of this interaction for targeted therapy in the treatment of cancers including
gynecological cancers, with a focus on underlying mechanisms.
Smurf2-Mediated Ubiquitination of FOXO4 Regulates Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-induced Pyroptosis of Cortical Neurons
Authors: Yan Bin , Jin Yan , Mao Song , Zhang Yi , Yang Dahong , Du Mingyang , Yin Yugang
Published: October 2023

Background:

Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) has been observed to
alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study sought to explore the molecular mechanism of
Smurf2-mediated forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) ubiquitination in oxygen-glucose deprivation/
reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced pyroptosis of cortical neurons.

Methods:

Human cortical neurons (HCN-2) were subjected to OGD/R to establish a cell model
of cerebral stroke. Smurf2, FOXO4, and doublecortin domain containing 2 (DCDC2) expressions
were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. LDH release, pyroptosis-related proteins
NLRP3, GSDMD-N, and cleaved-caspase-3, as well as inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18,
were assessed by LDH assay kit, Western blot, and ELISA. The ubiquitination level of FOXO4
was determined by ubiquitination assay. The bindings of Smurf2 to FOXO4 and FOXO4 to
DCDC2 were testified by Co-IP, ChIP, and dual-luciferase assays. Rescue experiments were
designed to validate the role of FOXO4/DCDC2 in the pyroptosis of HCN-2 cells.

Results:

Smurf2 was weakly expressed, while FOXO4 and DCDC2 were prominently expressed
in OGD/R-treated HCN-2 cells. Smurf2 overexpression promoted LDH release, reduced
NLRP3, GSDMD-N, and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins, and decreased IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations.
Sumrf2 improved the ubiquitination level of FOXO4 to downregulate its protein level.
FOXO4 is bound to the DCDC2 promoter to facilitate its transcription. Overexpression of
FOXO4 or DCDC2 reversed the inhibition of Smurf2 overexpression on pyroptosis of OGD/Rtreated
HCN-2 cells.

Conclusion:

Smurf2 overexpression facilitated the ubiquitination of FOXO4 to reduce its protein
level, thereby suppressing DCDC2 transcription and restricting OGD/R-induced pyroptosis
of cortical neurons.
Hybrid PET/MRI with Flutemetamol and FDG in Alzheimer's Disease
Clinical Continuum
Authors: Atay Lutfiye Ozlem , Saka Esen , Akdemir Umit Ozgur , Yetim Ezgi , Balcı Erdem , Arsava Ethem Murat , Topcuoglu Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2023

Aims:

We aimed to investigate the interaction between β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation
and cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral structural changes in the Alzheimer's
disease (AD) clinical continuum.

Background:

Utility of positron emission tomography (PET) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
hybrid imaging for diagnostic categorization of the AD clinical continuum including subjective
cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease
dementia (ADD) has not been fully crystallized.

Objective:

To evaluate the interaction between Aβ accumulation and cerebral glucose metabolism,
cerebral perfusion, and cerebral structural changes such as cortex thickness or cerebral white matter
disease burden and to detect the discriminative yields of these imaging modalities in the AD clinical
continuum.

Methods:

Fifty patients (20 women and 30 men; median age: 64 years) with clinical SCD (n=11),
aMCI (n=17) and ADD (n=22) underwent PET/MRI with [18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and [18F]-
Flutemetamol in addition to cerebral blood flow (CBF) and quantitative structural imaging along
with detailed cognitive assessment.

Results:

High Aβ deposition (increased temporal [18F]-Flutemetamol standardized uptake value
ratio (SUVr) and centiloid score), low glucose metabolism (decreased temporal lobe and posterior
cingulate [18F]-FDG SUVr), low parietal CBF and right hemispheric cortical thickness were independent
predictors of low cognitive test performance.

Conclusion:

Integrated use of structural, metabolic, molecular (Aβ) and perfusion (CBF) parameters
contribute to the discrimination of SCD, aMCI, and ADD.
Diverse Pharmacological Potential of different Substituted Pyrazole
Derivatives
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Almehmadi Mazen , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Allahyani Mamdouh
Published: October 2023

The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has been a topic of research interest. Some five-membered heterocyclic compounds have been the subject of extensive research due to their different types of pharmacological effects. The five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives have a lot of interest in the fields of medical and agricultural chemistry due to their diverse spectrum of therapeutic activities. Various substituted pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone compounds exhibited diverse pharmacological effects like Anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, anti-di-abetic, diuretic, anti-depressant, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-leishmanial, antidiabetic, and antiviral, etc. In recent decades, the synthesis of numerous pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives by different synthetic methods as well as research into their chemical and biological behavior have become more important. This review focuses on synthetic methods of the pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives, which have significant biological properties and a variety of applications.
Medicinal Attributes of Pyrazoline in Drug Discovery
Authors: Arora Disha , Singh Jyoti , Kumar Sandeep
Published: October 2023

:

Pyrazoline are structurally versatile nitrogen-containing heterocycle that has gained more
attention owing to its diversified pharmacological activities. This special scaffold serves as a fundamental
component in a variety of bioactive chemicals, enabling the creation of new molecules with
advantageous biological functions. The present review paper provides a summary of diversified
pharmacological activities in particular, anticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidepressant,
anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, anti-amoebic, antischistosomal,
insecticidal, hypotensive, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-trypanosomal activity. This
review also presents numerous simple synthetic techniques for the preparation of pyrazolines and
also highlights the applicability of pyrazoline in drug discovery.
Recent Updates on Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Posterior Segment
Diseases with Emphasis on Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Parashar Ravi , Vyas Amber , Sah Abhishek K. , Hemnani Narayan , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Suresh Preeti K.
Published: October 2023

: In recent years, various conventional formulations have been used for the treatment
and/or management of ocular medical conditions. Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular disease
of the retina, remains the leading cause of visual disability in patients with diabetes. Currently,
for treating diabetic retinopathy, only intraocular, intravitreal, periocular injections, and laser
photocoagulation are widely used. Frequent administration of these drugs by injections may lead
to serious complications, including retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. Although conventional ophthalmic formulations like eye drops, ointments, and suspensions are available globally,
these formulations fail to achieve optimum drug therapeutic profile due to immediate nasolacrimal drainage, rapid tearing, and systemic tearing toxicity of the drugs. To achieve better therapeutic outcomes with prolonged release of the therapeutic agents, nano-drug delivery materials
have been investigated. These nanocarriers include nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), dendrimers, nanofibers, in-situ gel, vesicular carriers, niosomes, and mucoadhesive systems, among others. The nanocarriers carry the potential
benefits of site-specific delivery and controlled and sustained drug release profile. In the present
article, various nanomaterials explored for treating diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.
Fluorinated Diaryl Sulfonamides: Molecular Modeling, Synthesis, and
In Vitro Validation as New CETP Inhibitors
Authors: Khalaf Reema Abu , Shalluf Azhar , Habash Maha
Published: October 2023

Background:

Hyperlipidemia, a cardiovascular disease risk factor, is characterized
by a rise in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol, and a decrease in
high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) enables the transfer
of cholesteryl ester from HDL to LDL and very low-density lipoprotein.

Objective:

CETP inhibition is a promising approach to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
By inhibiting lipid transport activity, it increases HDL levels and decreases LDL levels.

Materials and Method:

Herein, diaryl sulfonamides 6a-6g and 7a-7g were prepared, and the
structure of these compounds was fully determined using different spectroscopic techniques.

Results:

These compounds underwent biological evaluation in vitro and showed different inhibitory
activities against CETP; 100% inhibitory activity was observed for compounds 7a-7g,
while activities of compounds 6a-6g ranged up to 42.6% at 10 μM concentration. Pharmacophore
mapping agreed with the bioassay results where the four aromatic ring compounds 7a-7g
possessed higher fit values against Hypo4/8 and the shape-complemented Hypo4/8 in comparison
to compounds 6a-6g.

Conclusion:

Docking of the synthesized compounds using libdock and ligandfit engines revealed
that compounds 7a-7g formed п-п stacking and hydrophobic interactions with the binding
pocket, while compounds 6a-6g missed these hydrophobic interactions with amino acids
Leu206, Phe265, and Phe263.