bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More on the health bill – and then there were seven
Authors: Black John
Published: May 2011

It is of interest that the Department of Health is no longer talking about 'any willing provider' of healthcare, but 'any willing qualified provider'. I hope this is the same as what the College calls 'any competent, comprehensive provider'.
Modified Titanium Surfaces Alter Osteogenic Differentiation: A Comparative Microarray-Based Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Cell Response to Commercial Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Mamalis Anastasios , Silvestros Spyridon
Published: May 2011

The differential effects of dual-acid etched (Osseotite), hydroxyapatite coated (HA) and sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (hMSCs) were investigated. Proliferation was significantly promoted on the SLA surfaces. 16 genes were significantly upregulated when hMSCs were cultured on the Osseotite and the HA surfaces and 15 genes on the SLA surfaces. Upregulated genes control cell differentiation, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix and bone formation.
α-Pinene and Myrcene Induce Ultrastructural Changes in the Midgut ofDendroctonus valens(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Fernanda López María , Cano-Ramírez Caudia , Shibayama Mineko , Zúñiga Gerardo
Published: May 2011

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are economically and ecologically the most important group of forest insects. They use several monoterpenes produced by their host plants to locate and colonize trees. Some of these compounds also are metabolized to produce sex, aggregation, or antiaggregation pheromones. Experimental studies have shown that certain terpenes are highly toxic to the insects, negatively affecting their development, reproductive success, and colonization of host trees. Nevertheless, the effects of these compounds on specific organs or anatomical systems are unknown. Based on relationship between bark beetles and monoterpenes of their host trees and the midgut morphological characterization performed previously, we studied the effects of α-pinene and myrcene on midgut cells of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus Valens LeConte. Our results show that both α-pinene and myrcene induce an increase in the numbers of lysosomes and mitochondria. Outer and inner mitochondrial membranes were very conspicuous but were not disrupted. Both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula were abundant and were found throughout the cytoplasm. Two kinds of secretory vesicles were observed: one associated with digestive material and the other associated with “flocculent” material. The Golgi complex was prominent but had no defined arrangement. Observed ultrastructural changes are indicative of intense cell activity and are associated with processes of digestion, synthesis, and excretion as well as of monoterpenes transformation but are not indicative of irreversible cellular damage or death.
Developmental Plasticity of Life-Cycle Length in Thirteen-Year Periodical Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Authors: Marshall David C , Cooley John R , Hill Kathy B R
Published: May 2011

Speciation in periodical cicadas (Magicicada Davis) is closely tied to changes in life-cycle length, which presents a paradox because these organisms depend on emergence synchrony for survival. Recently proposed speciation models invoke developmental plasticity as a possible solution: Environmentally triggered “4-yr accelerations” occur in 17-yr cicadas, suggesting that canalization of induced plasticity could change 17-yr populations into temporally isolated 13-yr populations. However, the reverse shift, 13-yr cicadas emerging in 17 yr, has never been documented. We searched 4 yr after the normal emergence of a 13-yr brood (and in a year with no expected periodical cicada emergences anywhere) and found periodical cicadas active at 26 of 92 sites, with examples of all four 13-yr species. At one location, we found evidence of at least 1,724 cicadas per ha emerging. Few males were heard singing at most sites, so these off-schedule cicadas apparently did not survive long in the face of predation. We also found one 13-yr species singing 8 yr late within the range of a different 13-yr brood, suggesting an 8-yr delayed emergence or consecutive generations of 4-yr delayed cicadas. Developmental plasticity in life-cycle length seems to be similar in 13- and 17-yr cicadas—both types possess the ability to switch to the opposite life cycle and to emerge 1 yr early and/or late. The confirmation of a reverse life-cycle switch in 13- cicadas suggests improvements to theories of life-cycle evolution in Magicicada and strengthens the case for developmental plasticity in speciation.
Sympatry and Asymmetric Introgression between the Cactophilic SpeciesDrosophila seridoandDrosophila antonietae(Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Kokudai CBS , Sene F M , Manfrin M H
Published: May 2011

The cactophilic species Drosophila serido Vilela and Sene 1977 and Drosophila antonietae Tidon-Sklorz and Sene 2001 are two closely related species that have partially overlapping distributions in the Florianópolis-SC locality on the southern Brazilian coast. To characterize this contact zone with respect to possible introgression events and the differential use of cacti hosts, we analyzed male individuals that were collected in their natural environment or from the necrotic cacti in which they were reared, by using aedeagus morphology, isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes, and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I as diagnostic markers. Morphological and molecular markers showed a bimodal distribution, although there was some incongruence, suggesting the presence of asymmetric introgression events. These results suggest that gene flow occurred in the past but then ceased, possibly due to reinforcement of prezygotic reproductive isolation. Analysis of individuals reared in necrotic cacti of two sympatric species in this region showed that D. antonietae, but not D. serido, preferentially uses Cereus hildmannianus Mill. as a cactus host, which may represent an important influence on ecological differentiation by affecting the dynamics of these species in this area of sympatry.
Laboratory Rearing of Common and Endangered Species of North American Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae)
Authors: Gwiazdowski Rodger A , Gillespie Sandra , Weddle Richard , Elkinton Joseph S
Published: May 2011

North American tiger beetles (Cicindela spp. L.) have been reared in the laboratory for more than a century, and here we summarize the relevant literature to develop a general rearing protocol. We used this protocol to experimentally overwinter adults in the laboratory and observe variation in oviposition and fecundity among several species. Overwintering experiments, involving five North East North American Cicindela species with spring-fall life histories—Cicindela repanda (Dejean), Cicindela hirticollis (Say), Cicindela purpurea (Olivier), Cicindela scutellaris (Say), and Cicindela tranquebarica (Herbst) —demonstrated that both a long cooldown (20 to 4°C by a degree a day) and a short photoperiod (8:16 [L:D] h) maximized survival and minimized overwintering weight loss, which varied between species and sex. Observations of oviposition, larval abundance and larval development involving five Cicindela species with summer life histories revealed that Cicindela punctulata (Olivier) produced more first-instar larvae than Cicindela abdominalis (F.), Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis (Say), Cicindela puritana (Horn), or Cicindela unipunctata (F.) and that high mortality due to accidental desiccation may be overcome by rearing larvae individually in tubes rather than in bins. We also present a first account of larval rearing of the federally threatened species C. puritana and the northern Martha's Vineyard population of the federally threatened species C. d. dorsalis. Notably, C. d. dorsalis produced fewer larvae than more common species reared in this study. We conclude that rearing large numbers of larvae is feasible with endangered as well as common species and we propose future improvements for rearing as part of conservation efforts.
A New Species of Laricobius (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) from Japan with Phylogeny and a Key for Native and Introduced Congeners in North America
Authors: Montgomery M E , Shiyake S , Havill N P , Leschen RAB
Published: May 2011

Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake sp. nov., collected from Adelges tsugae Annand on hemlock [Tsuga sieboldii Carr. and Tsuga diversifolia (Maxim.) Mast.] in Japan, is described and illustrated. The new species was collected from several localities on Honshu, Shikokou, and Kyushu Islands. The genus has not been reported previously from Japan. Morphological features, a molecular phylogeny, and diagnostic DNA sites are provided to distinguish this new species from previously described species of the genus. Because of plans to release L. osakensis for the biological control of A. tsugae in eastern North America, a key and discussion are provided to differentiate it from the native North American species, Laricobius nigrinus Fender, Laricobius laticollis Fall, and Laricobius rubidus LeConte, and from two previously imported species—Laricobius erichsonii Rosenhauer, which is endemic in Europe, and Laricobius kangdingensis Zilahi-Balogh & Jelinek, which is endemic in China.
A New Inquiline Species ofSaphonecrus(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) Associated with Cecidomyiid Galls on Oak Trees in Japan
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Ide Tatsuya , Abe Yoshihisa
Published: May 2011

A new inquiline oak gall wasp species, Saphonecrus yukawai Wachi, Ide & Abe, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), is described from Japan. Although most inquiline oak gall wasps are associated with cynipid galls on Quercus trees, the adult wasps of S. yukawai emerged from galls induced by the gall midge Ametrodiplosis acutissima (Monzen) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Quercus (sect. Cerris) acutissima Carruthers. Host shift from cynipid galls to cecidomyiid galls in inquiline oak gall wasps is discussed.
A Diversity of Moths (Lepidoptera) Trapped with Two Feeding Attractants
Authors: Landolt Peter J , Adams Todd , Zack Richard S , Crabo Lars
Published: May 2011

Feeding attractants for moths are useful as survey tools to assess moth species diversity and for monitoring of the relative abundance of certain pest species. We assessed the relative breadth of attractiveness of two such lures to moths, at sites with varied habitats during 2006. Eighty-six of the 114 species of Lepidoptera captured were in traps baited with acetic acid plus 3-methyl-1-butanol (AAMB), a moth lure that is based on the odor chemistry of fermented molasses baits. Fifty-two of the 114 species were trapped with a floral odorant lure comprised of phenylacetaldehyde, β-myrcene, methyl salicylate, and methyl-2-methoxy benzoate. Preference for one lure type was statistically supported for 10 species of moths: seven to the AAMB lure and three to the floral lure. To gain better information on lure preference, 10 pairs of traps baited with the same lures were maintained in a single habitat type (riparian) during 2008. Sixty-eight of 89 species captured were in traps baited with AAMB, and 43 were in traps baited with the floral lure. Preference for a lure type was statistically supported for 39 of the 89 species of moths trapped; 32 to the AAMB lure and seven to the floral lure. Both of these lures hold advantages for trapping different types of moths, and both lures might be used in a complementary way to sample moth biodiversity.
Wood Consumption by Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) as Affected by Wood Moisture Content and Temperature
Authors: Gautam Bal K , Henderson Gregg
Published: May 2011

Understanding foraging behaviors and food preferences of termite colonies is critical to optimizing control strategies. The relationship between the moisture content (MC) of wood blocks and the feeding preference of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) at three ambient temperatures (19, 28, and 35°C) was investigated with multiple-choice as well as no-choice feeding bioassays. In multiple-choice tests, when four wood blocks with initial MC as dry (0–3%), low MC (22–24%), medium MC (70–90%), and high MC (125–150%) were exposed to workers and soldiers, the highest consumption was found in the high MC wood blocks at all three temperatures, although high MC wood consumption at 19°C was significantly lower than that at 28 or 35°C The preference for high MC wood blocks was detectable within the first few hours and continued for the duration of the test. In no-choice tests, the highest wood consumption also was obtained on the high MC wood blocks at all three temperatures. However, in no-choice tests, significant mortality was observed with termites exposed to dry or low MC wood blocks. Termite mortality was found to be higher with higher ambient temperature. Sustained feeding was not observed on wood blocks with ≤24% MC. When wood moisture is low, no free water exists in the cell cavities, which perhaps influenced feeding choices. Temperature played a vital and complementary role for wood consumption at all moisture levels.
Influence of Trap Type, Size, Color, and Trapping Location on Capture of Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Reddy GVP , Balakrishnan S , Remolona J E , Kikuchi R , Bamba J P
Published: May 2011

The New Guinea sugarcane weevil, Rhabdoscelus obscurus) (Boisduval) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a pest of palm plantations, ornamental nurseries, and sugarcane (Saccharum L.). Field and laboratory studies have explored the effects of trap characteristics such as design, size, color, visual and olfactory cues, and location on capture of R. obscurus in date palm plantations and ornamental nurseries at five locations (Dededo, Mangilao, Malojloj, Inarajan, and Yigo) on Guam, USA. Ramp and ground traps captured similarly, and both captured significantly more adults than bucket and pitfall traps. For economy and ease of handling, the ground trap was used for all further experiments. Larger ground traps (≥40 by 25 cm) were more efficient than smaller traps (30 by 15 cm) in capturing adults in the field. Of the eight trap colors tested in the field, brown proved most effective, followed by, in order, yellow, red, gray, blue, black, white, and green; russet was more effective than other shades of brown. Mixing paint of the other colors with brown paint did not significantly improve its performance. In contrast, laboratory color-choice tests indicated R. obscurus preferred black traps over those of other colors and showed no preferences among different shades of black. Again, mixing paint of the other colors with black paint did not significantly improve their performance. Russet brown ground traps baited with pheromone lures caught significantly more adults than did identical traps without lures. Traps strapped to trees caught significantly more individuals than traps placed between trees or away from trees. Russet-brown ground traps 40 by 25 cm seemed to be the most effective at catching R. obscurus in the field, whereas otherwise identical black-colored traps were more efficient indoors.
A rare onychophoran-like lobopodian from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, southwestern China, and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Ou Qiang , Liu Jianni , Shu Degan , Han Jian , Zhang Zhifei , Wan Xiaoqiao , Lei Qianping
Published: May 2011

Lobopodians, which diversified and flourished in the Cambrian seas, have long drawn much attention in that not only their extant close relatives, onychophorans and tardigrades, but euarthropods (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda) may have been deeply rooted in stem-group lobopodians.Antennacanthopodia gracilisnew genus and species is described and interpreted here as an “unarmoured” lobopodian from the Chengjiang fossil Lagerstätte (Early Cambrian, —520 Ma), Yunnan, southwestern China. This animal shares with other known Cambrian lobopodians such plesiomorphies (primitive characters) as onychophoran-like overall appearance; a metamerically segmented body covered by slightly sclerotized cuticle, and paired, unjointed lobopodal legs.Antennacanthopodiais also featured by a pair of frontal antennae, potential ocellus-like lateral visual organs, second antennae, a straight, voluminous midgut, diminutive spines arrayed on the leg and the trunk, well-developed leg musculature, highly sclerotized terminal leg pads, and presumptively a pair of posteriormost appendicules. This new taxon, with innovative characters (autapomorphies), furthers our understanding of early lobopodian diversification.Antennacanthopodiais considered closely allied to extant Onychophora based on considerable anatomical similarities. Taken together its “two-segmented” cephalization and appendage-bearing “ocular segment”, this new form may shed some new light on the arthropod groundplan.
A new, early Puercan (earliest Paleocene) species ofPurgatorius(Plesiadapiformes, Primates) from Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Fox Richard C. , Scott Craig S.
Published: May 2011

The early PaleocenePurgatoriusVan Valen and Sloan is the most primitive plesiadapiform primate yet discovered, mostly known from middle to late Puercan strata in Montana, deposited during the interval C29N of the geomagnetic polarity time scale. Here we describePurgatorius coracisn. sp. from the Ravenscrag Formation, at the Rav W-1 horizon, Medicine Hat Brick and Tile Quarry, southwestern Saskatchewan. This horizon occurs within C29R, makingP. coracisthe earliest known primate, while strengthening the evidence that plesiadapiforms, and hence primates, originated and underwent their initial evolutionary diversification in North America. Most North American mammalian local faunas correlating with C29R have been assigned to the Pul (earliest Puercan) interval zone, but the taxonomic composition of the mammals accompanyingP. coracisat Rav W-1 more resembles local faunas of Pu2 age. The occurrence at Rav W-1 of Pu2 aspect mammals within C29R agrees with similar occurrences at the Hiatt and PITA Flats localities in Montana and North Dakota, also possibly correlated with C29R. The evidence from these three sites, all in the Williston Basin, suggests that in some areas of the Western Interior Pu2 aspect local faunas were coeval with those of latest Pu1 age, having evolved earlier than has commonly been assumed.
Ordovician trilobites from the Romaine and Mingan formations (Ibexian-late Whiterockian), Mingan Islands, Quebec
Authors: Shaw Frederick C. , Bolton Thomas E.
Published: May 2011

The Romaine Formation of the Mingan Islands, Québec, contains a limited trilobite fauna of five genera (Bolbocephalus, Peltabellia, Petigurus, Strigigenalis, Strotactinus) with Lower Ordovician Ibexian (Floian) affinity, succeeded by two genera (Acidiphorus, Pseudomera) of early Middle Ordovician Whiterockian (Dapingian) affinity. Trilobites of later Whiterockian (Darriwillian) affinity are more abundant in the overlying Mingan Formation, with 29 genera (Amphilichas, Bathyurus, Calyptaulax, Ceraurinella, Cybeloides, Dolichoharpes, Encrinuroides, Eobronteus, Eorobergia, Failleana, Glaphurina, Glaphurus, Hibbertia, Hyboaspis, Illaenus, Isotelus, Kawina, Nieskowskia, Phorocephala, Pandaspinapyga, Pliomerops, Remopleurides, Sphaerexochus[includingS. valcourensisn. sp.],Sphaerocoryphe, Stenopareia, Thaleops, Thulincola, Uromystrum, andVogdesia). Lectotypes are selected for Mingan species ofIllaenus, Peltabellia, Petigurus, Sphaerexochus, Stenopareia, andThaleops.A number of genera form biofacies which can be related to lithofacies. Taken together with Chazy Group and Northwest Territories trilobite faunas, Mingan trilobites provide critical information on late Whiterockian trilobite distributions in Laurentia in far more detail than seen in the stratotype area of Nevada.
A Kungurian (Early Permian) Panthalassan brachiopod fauna from Hatahoko in the Mino Belt, central Japan
Authors: Shen Shu-Zhong , Tazawa Junichi , Miyake Yukio
Published: May 2011

Twelve brachiopod species are described from the Cisuralian (Early Permian) Kungurian horizon of a large limestone block in the Middle Jurassic accretionary complex at Hatahoko in the Mino Belt, central Japan. Most species of the Hatahoko fauna are known from the Kungurian to lowest Guadalupian (Middle Permian) of West Texas, U.S.A. The Kungurian age is also indicated by the associated conodonts in the same limestone block. The Hatahoko brachiopod fauna, as well as some other previously-reported Guadalupian brachiopod faunas, exhibits a very strong paleobiogeographical affinity with the faunas in West Texas, U.S.A. Therefore it can be interpreted as a fauna which inhabited reef-seamount complexes close to North America in the mid-equatorial region of the Panthalassa in the late Early Permian, rifted westwards thousands of kilometers, and finally accreted onto the Japanese Island when the Western Pacific Plate subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate during the Jurassic.
Dimorphinites(Ammonoidea, Jurassic, upper Bajocian) in the precordillera of northern Chile
Authors: Fernández-López Sixto R. , Chong Diaz Guillermo B.
Published: May 2011

A new upper Bajocian ammonite assemblage containing the morphoceratidsDimorphinites dimorphus(d'Orbigny) andVigoriceras defrancei(d'Orbigny) is reported from the circum-Pacific area. These ammonites were found at the top of the Torcazas Formation, in the Quebrada San Pedro area, Precordillera of northern Chile. Taphonomic, systematic, and paleobiogeographic data confirm these dimorphs were part of indigenous populations within the Tarapaca Basin, belonging to the same demic biospecies:Dimorphinites defrancei(d'Orbigny). The West Tethyan and East-Pacific distribution ofD. defranceicorroborates the availability of the migratory seaway, the so-called Hispanic Corridor, between the western Tethys and the eastern Pacific Ocean during the upper Bajocian Parkinsoni Zone. The discovery of this upper BajocianDimorphinitesassemblage provides a new biochronostratigraphic horizon in the Tarapaca Basin and an interoceanic correlation point for the latest Bajocian.
An obolellate brachiopod with soft-part preservation from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of China
Authors: Zhang Zhifei , Holmer Lars E. , Popov Leonid , Shu Degan
Published: May 2011

The obolellates represent a poorly understood group of the oldest known cosmopolitan calcareous rhynchonelliform brachiopods. They made their first appearance in the early Atdabanian and became extinct at the end of the Middle Cambrian. Consequently, any information concerning the soft anatomy of this ephemeral lineage of brachiopods has great phylogenetic significance. This is the first report on two specimens of an obolellate with fine preservation of soft parts including the pedicle, marginal setae and possible imprints of a spiral lophophore, recovered from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Konservat Lagerstätte of Kunming, southern China. The setae are thin and densely fringed along the shell margin. The stout pedicle is distinctly composed of densely stacked tabular bodies, lacking a central coelomic lumen; it emerges through a possible foramen, and slightly tapers posteriorly with the distal end attached to exoskeletons of other organisms.
Focus Group Findings for the Self-Report Safe Driving Behaviour Measure
Authors: Winter Sandra M. , Classen Sherrilene , Bédard Michel , Lutz Barbara J. , Velozo Craig A. , Lanford Desiree N. , Brumback Babette A.
Published: May 2011

Background. Older adults, family members, and professionals may benefit from a safe driving behaviour self-/proxy-report. Purpose. During development of the Safe Driving Behavior Measure (SDBM), we conducted focus groups to (1) generate items based on respondents' driving experiences, and (2) obtain SDBM item-refinement feedback. Methods. Twenty-three older drivers (mean age 70.5, SD = 4.5) and eight family members (mean age 50, SD =20) from Ontario and Florida described safe driving behaviour (Focus Groups 1 and 2) and critiqued the SDBM (Focus Group 3). We coded responses using content and thematic analyses. Findings. Findings from Focus Groups 1 and 2 generated 23 themes (e.g., others' erratic driving) leading to 16 new items (e.g., avoiding collisions). Focus Group 3 findings generated 13 item revisions (e.g., indicating number of highway lanes). Implications. Using focus group findings, we created a version of the SDBM for future testing of construct validity with older drivers.
Assessment Tools for Evaluating Fitness to Drive: A Critical Appraisal of Evidence
Authors: Vrkljan Brenda H. , McGrath Colleen E. , Letts Lori J.
Published: May 2011

Background. Many office-based assessment tools are used by occupational therapists to predict fitness to drive. Purpose. To appraise psychometric properties of such tools, specifically predictive validity for on-road performance. Methods. A literature search was conducted to identify assessment tools and studies involving on-road outcomes (behind-the-wheel evaluation, crashes, traffic violations). Using a standardized appraisal process, reviewers rated each tool's psychometrric properties, including its predictive validity with on-road performance. Findings. Seventeen measures met the inclusion criteria. Evidence suggests many tools do not have cut-off scores linked with on-road outcomes, although some had stronger evidence than others. Implications. When making a determination regarding driver fitness, clinicians should consider the psychometric properties of the tool as well as existing evidence concerning its utility in predicting on-road performance. Caution is warranted in using any one office-based tool to predict driving fitness; rather, a multifactorial-based assessment approach that includes physical, cognitive, and visual-perceptual components, is recommended.
Gaining Insights to the Clinical Reasoning that Supports an on-Road Driver Assessment
Authors: Unsworth Carolyn A.
Published: May 2011

Background. Researchers have yet to examine the clinical reasoning of occupational therapists undertaking driver assessments. Purpose. Conduct pilot research exploring the kinds of clinical reasoning used during an on-road driver assessment and to determine if the quality of the data supports further inquiry into the use of head-mounted video camera footage to prompt recall of clinical reasoning. Methods. Using a single-case, qualitative design, head-mounted video camera was used to record the on-road assessment and the therapist subsequently provided her reasoning using video-prompted recall. Findings. The video footage from the head-mounted camera provided an excellent prompt, and the therapist was able to give a thorough account of her clinical reasoning during the on-road assessment. Implications. This novel method of capturing on-road driver assessments and prompting recall of reasoning has the potential to aid expert and novice driver assessors understand and advance the clinical reasoning that guides fitness-to-drive recommendations.
Experiences with Using a Pushrim-Activated Power-Assisted Wheelchair for Community-Based Occupations: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Giesbrecht Ed M. , Ripat Jacquie D. , Cooper Juliette E. , Quanbury Arthur O.
Published: May 2011

Background. Occupational therapists strive to engage individuals in occupation and enhance community access through wheelchair prescription. Previous research with pushrim-activated, power-assisted wheelchairs identifies a reduction in the physical demands of manual wheelchair propulsion but limited evidence exists regarding user evaluation in context. Purpose. This study explored the experience of using a power-assisted wheelchair in the community. Methods. Eight individuals who used both a power and manual device participated in focus groups after trialing a power-assist wheelchair for three weeks. Data were analyzed using a qualitative description approach. Findings. Three themes emerged from our analysis: relative advantages and disadvantages; environmental factors that affect accessibility; and evaluation of mobility device. Implications. Participants perceived the power-assist as improving performance and accessibility compared with the manual wheelchair, increasing the potential scope of occupations and environments, but not replacing their power mobility device. Sufficient time for adjustment of both user and device was important.
Early Start of Dialysis
Authors: Rosansky Steven , Glassock Richard J. , Clark William F.
Published: May 2011

In the US, patients who initiate dialysis “early” (at Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated GFR [eGFR]> 10 ml/min per 1.73m2) account for over 50 percent of new dialysis starts. This trend to an early start is based on conventional wisdoms regarding benefits of dialytic clearance, that albumin levels are nutritional markers, and early dialytic therapy is justified to improve nutrition especially in diabetics and that waiting until low levels of eGFR (i.e., <6 ml/min per 1.73m2) may be dangerous. In order to justify early dialysis treatment, the therapy must provide a morbidity, mortality, or quality of life benefit. The current review examines whether early dialysis initiation provides any of these benefits and whether the conventional wisdoms that have promoted this early dialysis trend are valid. Utilizing this information and the results of recent large observational studies and the randomized controlled Initiating Dialysis Early and Late (IDEAL) study, we suggest that dialysis initiation is justified at GFR levels of 5–9 ml/min/1.73m2, if accompanied by uremia symptoms or fluid management issues.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of geminal-bis(tertbutylamino) phosphazenes obtained by the reaction of spiro and ansa phenoxyphosphazenes with the tert-butylamine and the crystal structure of 2,2-[2,2’-metheylenebis(4-chlorophenoxy)]-4,4-bis(tert-butylamino)-6,6-dichlorocyclo- 2λ5,4λ5,6λ5-triphosphazatriene
Authors: Erdener Diğdem , Yildiz Mustafa , Ünver Hüseyin , İskeleli Ocak , Durlu Nuri
Published: May 2011

The condensation reactions of partly substituted spiro and ansa
phenoxycyclotriphosphazenes, N3P3[2,2'-methylenebis(4-chlorophenoxide)]Cl4 (1
and 2) with tert-butylamine produce disubstituted
geminal-bis(tert-butylamino)phenoxyphosphazene derivatives (3 and 4). The
structures of these compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, and
IR, 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Compound 3 was also
examined by X-ray crystallography and found to be crystallized in the
monoclinic space group P21/n with the unit cell parameters: a = 10.842(4), b
= 9.375(5), c = 29.104(11) ?, ? = 99.25(3)?, V = 2920(2) ?3, Dx = 1.404 g
cm-3.
Solar energy based industrial applications at the "Politehnica" University of Timisoara
Authors: Luminosu Ioan , de Sabata , de Sabata
Published: May 2011

A short overview of a more than 30 years long activity in industrial and home
applications of solar energy at the "Politehnica" University of Timi?oara,
Romania is presented. A built "Solar House", an industrial system for
preheating bitumen, a solution for waste water cleaning and an industrial
hall for drying ceramic products are described. Some recent studies on solar
concentrators are reported.
Computationally intelligent modeling and control of fluidized bed combustion process
Authors: Cojbasic Zarko , Nikolic Vlastimir , Ciric Ivan , Cojbasic Ljubica
Published: May 2011

In this paper modelling and control approaches for fluidized bed combustion
process have been considered, that are based on the use of computational
intelligence. Proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy-genetic modeling and intelligent
control strategies provide for efficient combining of available expert
knowledge with experimental data. Firstly, based on the qualitative
information on the desulphurization process, models of the SO2 emission in
fluidized bed combustion have been developed, which provides for economical
and efficient reduction of SO2 in FBC by estimation of optimal process
parameters and by design of intelligent control systems based on defined
emission models. Also, efficient fuzzy nonlinear FBC process modelling
strategy by combining several linearized combustion models has been
presented. Finally, fuzzy and conventional process control systems for fuel
flow and primary air flow regulation based on developed models and optimized
by genetic algorithms have also been developed. Obtained results indicate
that computationally intelligent approach can be successfully applied for
modelling and control of complex fluidized bed combustion process.
Free convective oscillatory flow and mass transfer past a porous plate in the presence of radiation for an optically thin fluid
Authors: Raptis A.
Published: May 2011

We study the two dimensional free convective oscillatory flow and mass
transfer of a viscous and optically thin gray fluid over a porous vertical
plate in the presence of radiation. The governing partial differential
equations have been transformed to ordinary differential equations. Numerical
solutions are obtained for different values of radiation parameter, Grashof
number and Schmidt number.
Numerical and experimental aspects of thermally induced vibration in real rotors
Authors: Jevtic Milenko , Radovanovic Ljiljana , Adamovic Zivoslav
Published: May 2011

Temperature fields in electric energy generators may lead to mechanical
dissbalance of an already balanced rotor. The author collected information in
a number of steam power plants and confirmed the existence of the problem.
This paper is presents the specific case of thermal deformation of the rotor,
caused by an asymmetrical temperature field in scale of rotor. On the grounds
of the relevant physical aspects, we propose a mathematical model identifying
fields in a turbo generator rotor and suggest the optimum control by which
the unwanted effects are eliminated.
The effect of bowl-in-piston geometry layout on fluid flow pattern
Authors: Jovanovic Zoran , Zivanovic Zlatomir , Sakota Zeljko , Tomic Miroljub , Petrovic Velimir
Published: May 2011

In this paper some results concerning the evolution of 3D fluid flow pattern
through all four strokes in combustion chambers with entirely different
bowl-in-piston geometry layouts ranging from ?omega? to ?simple cylinder?
were presented. All combustion chambers i.e. those with ?omega? bowls, with
different profiles, and those with ?cylinder? bowls, with different squish
area ranging from 44% to 62%, were with flat head, vertical valves and
identical elevation of intake and exhaust ports. A bunch of results emerged
by dint of multidimensional modeling of nonreactive fluid flow in arbitrary
geometry with moving objects and boundaries. The fluid flow pattern during
induction and compression in all cases was extremely complicated and entirely
three-dimensional. It should be noted that significant differences due to
geometry of the bowl were encountered only in the vicinity of TDC. Namely, in
the case of ?omega? bowl all three types of organized macro flows were
observed while in the case of ?cylinder? bowl no circumferential velocity was
registered at all. On the contrary, in the case of ?cylinder? bowl some
interesting results concerning reverse tumble and its center of rotation
shifting from exhaust valve zone to intake valve zone during induction stroke
and vice-verse from intake valve zone to exhaust valve zone during
compression were observed while in the case of ?omega? bowl no such a
displacement was legible. During expansion the fluid flow pattern is fully
controlled by piston motion and during exhaust it is mainly one-dimensional,
except in the close proximity of exhaust valve. For that reason it is not
affected by the geometry of the bowl.
Development of an Individualism-Collectivism Scale Revisited: A Korean Sample
Authors: Kim Kitae , Cho Bongsoon
Published: May 2011

A 13-item Individualism-Collectivism scale comprising source of identity, goal priority, mode of social relation, and norm acceptance is presented. A validation of this scale was conducted using a survey of 773 Korean employees. An exploratory factor analysis and a second-order confirmatory factor analysis supported the measure as having theoretical face validity and acceptable internal consistency reliability. Among the four facets, goal priority most strongly predicted the general Individualism-Collectivism latent factor.
Cognitive Parameters and Morning and Evening Types: Two Decades of Research (1990–2009)
Authors: Cavallera G. M. , Boari G. , Giudici S. , Ortolano A.
Published: May 2011

An important area of study has examined cognitive aspects of Morningness–Eveningness orientation. Optimal times of efficiency in participants classified as Morning and Evening types are of great importance for understanding their cognitive abilities. The present review covers the last two decades (1990–2009), during which the important review by Tankova, Adan, and Buela-Casal appeared, and focuses particularly on attention, memory, and executive functions.
Sample Size in Psychological Research over the Past 30 Years
Authors: Marszalek Jacob M. , Barber Carolyn , Kohlhart Julie , Cooper B. Holmes
Published: May 2011

The American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force on Statistical Inference was formed in 1996 in response to a growing body of research demonstrating methodological issues that threatened the credibility of psychological research, and made recommendations to address them. One issue was the small, even dramatically inadequate, size of samples used in studies published by leading journals. The present study assessed the progress made since the Task Force's final report in 1999. Sample sizes reported in four leading APA journals in 1955, 1977, 1995, and 2006 were compared using nonparametric statistics, while data from the last two waves were fit to a hierarchical generalized linear growth model for more in-depth analysis. Overall, results indicate that the recommendations for increasing sample sizes have not been integrated in core psychological research, although results slightly vary by field. This and other implications are discussed in the context of current methodological critique and practice.
Adding Information May Increase Overconfidence in Accuracy of Knowledge Retrieval
Authors: Fleisig Dida
Published: May 2011

Feelings of retrospective confidence concerning the accuracy of a chosen answer might rely, among other things, on the amount of available information, regardless of its correctness. 43 participants, 26 women and 17 men ( M age = 23.4 yr., SD = 3.5) in an intact group design, answered nine easy and nine difficult binary forced-choice questions and rated their confidence regarding the correctness of their choices. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, differing in the additional information provided regarding the questions: a control group provided with no additional information, a correct information group, and a misleading information group. Performance was worst in the misleading information group, yet no difference in confidence was found between the correct and misleading information groups. The findings were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that feelings of confidence partly reflect peripheral factors, indirectly related to choice processes.
Response Normalized Omni Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Ventilatory Breakpoint in Division i Football Players
Authors: Goss Fredric L. , Robertson Robert J. , Gallagher Michael , Piroli Anthony , Nagle Elizabeth F.
Published: May 2011

This investigation identified an OMNI Scale rating of perceived exertion associated with the ventilatory breakpoint in Division I football players. This easily applied prescriptive reference may be used to self-regulate training intensity. The OMNI Scale format may facilitate estimation of exertional perceptions. 34 participants completed a maximal treadmill test. OMNI ratings of perceived exertion were estimated during the last 15 sec. of each workload. The rating corresponding to the ventilatory breakpoint was determined for each participant using linear regression analysis. The ventilatory breakpoint corresponded to 68.8% of VO2max ( SD = 7.5% of VO2 max) and a heart rate of 158.9 beats · min−1 ( SD = 11.9 beats · min−1 ). The rating of perceived exertion associated with the ventilatory breakpoint was 5.1 ( SD = 1.2). This perceptual reference point, not previously identified in Division I football players, could be used in field settings to self-select exercise intensity around the ventilatory threshold.
Different Gripping Intervals in Reproducibility of Force-Decreasing Curve and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics during Sustained Maximal Gripping
Authors: Demura Shinichi , Yamaji Shunsuke , Nagasawa Yoshinori , Nakada Masakatsu
Published: May 2011

The purpose was to examine the properties and reproducibility of the force-decreasing curve and muscle-oxygenation kinetics measured by near infrared spectroscopy in sustained isometric grip and rhythmic repeated grip measurements using various contraction intervals (2 to 5 sec). 10 healthy young adults performed both grip tests for 6 min., during which muscle-oxygenation kinetics were measured. The intraclass correlation coefficients of the time to reach the minimum value for oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin tended to become lower with longer relaxation time, especially over a 3-sec. interval. Although blood-flow obstruction closely influences the initial decreasing grip force during both grip tests with a 2-sec. interval, the decreasing grip force during rhythmic repeated gripping with over a 3-sec. interval is low. Hence, the physiological mechanism related to rhythmic repeated grip with over a 3-sec. interval may differ from that related to sustained isometric grip and rhythmic repeated grip with a 2-sec. interval.
Effect of First Ball Possession on Partial and Final Scores in 2003, 2005, and 2007 Water Polo World Championships
Authors: Argudo Francisco M. , Arias José L. , Ruiz Encarnación , Alonso José I.
Published: May 2011

The purpose was to analyze the influence of winning the first ball possession on the partial and final score in male and female water polo. The 288 matches disputed by the teams participating in the 2003, 2005, and 2007 Water Polo World Championship were recorded. The results reflect statistically significant differences for the influence of gaining the first ball possession on the partial and final scoreboard of each period and for the influence between the total number of first possessions obtained and the final result.
Five-Minute Speech Sample Measure of Expressed Emotion among Parents of Typically Developing Italian Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Laghezza Loredana , Delvecchio Elisa , Salcuni Silvia , Riso Daniela Di , Chessa Daphne , Lis Adriana , Tompson Martha C.
Published: May 2011

Although community samples have been used for comparison with at-risk and disturbed children, very few studies have examined parental Expressed Emotion in family members of typically developing children. This descriptive study reports Expressed Emotion for a community-based Italian sample of mothers and fathers of children without clinical mental health problems ( N = 101) ages 6 to 11 years ( M = 8.2, SD = 1.4). Children were drawn from regular elementary schools in Italy. Expressed Emotion was measured using the Five-minute Speech Sample. Mothers', fathers', and families' Expressed Emotion frequencies and percents were calculated, as well as frequencies and percents of Expressed Emotion subcomponents of Criticism and Emotional Over-involvement. As expected, low rates were found. There were no significant differences between fathers' and mothers' Expressed Emotion categories.
“Publish or Perish” is Alive and Well: A Re-Analysis of Landrum and Clump (2004)
Authors: Nalbone David P.
Published: May 2011

A re-analysis was undertaken of Landrum and Clump's data reporting the results of a survey of search committee chairs' criteria for evaluating applicants for psychology faculty positions. Results indicated that 5 factors emerged from their agreement items (measuring agreement with specific statements about submitted applications) and 4 factors emerged from their importance items (measuring prioritization of specific application characteristics). Several of these factors, especially one focusing upon teaching and research emphasis, are useful to different degrees. These results suggest that public institutions with graduate programs differ from other institutions on criteria for applicants in several ways, particularly in their emphasis on research over teaching. Results may help applicants to better focus their efforts in the application process.
Variable Effects of Humor Styles on Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Romero Eric J. , Arendt Lucy A.
Published: May 2011

The relationship between individual humor styles and several organizational variables was investigated: stress, satisfaction with coworkers, team cooperation, and organizational commitment. Four humor styles from the Humor Styles Questionnaire were measured. Survey results of 349 participants indicated different humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating) can have either a positive or negative effect on organizational outcomes. Results suggested that both researchers and practitioners can benefit from having a better understanding of how different humor styles affect people and outcomes in organizations.
Financial Satisfaction and Financial Stressors in Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Archuleta Kristy L. , Britt Sonya L. , Tonn Teresa J. , Grable John E.
Published: May 2011

Using a sample of 310 married respondents from one U.S. Midwestern state, a test was conducted to examine the association of financial satisfaction and financial stressors in a spouse's decision to stay married to the same person or leave the relationship. The role of demographic and socioeconomic variables, religiosity, psychological constructs, financial satisfaction, and financial stressors as factors influencing marital satisfaction was tested. Financial stressors were measured using a list of financial stressors adapted from the literature. Financial satisfaction was measured with a one-item scale. The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale was used as a validation tool to assess whether individuals would marry or not marry again. Religiosity and financial satisfaction were positively associated with marital satisfaction. A negative interaction between financial satisfaction and financial stressors was also noted. Findings suggest that respondents who are financially satisfied tend to be more stable in their marriages.
Gre Requirements and Student Perceptions of Fictitious Clinical Psychology Graduate Programs
Authors: Atwood Karen L. , Manago Adriana M. , Rogers Ronald F.
Published: May 2011

The influence of Graduate Record Examination (GRE) requirements on undergraduate students' perceptions of a fictitious clinical psychology graduate program was examined. The more rigorous a program's GRE requirement, the more highly students were expected to rate the program on quality, reputation, challenge of curriculum, attractiveness, and their willingness to apply. 140 undergraduate participants read and rated one of three possible program descriptions that differed only with regard to the stated GRE requirements. Although the effects were small, participants rated the program requiring a minimum combined GRE score of 1,200 (verbal and quantitative) as higher in quality and as having a more challenging curriculum compared to the program that required the GRE but with no minimum score. Although preliminary, these findings are consistent with previous research demonstrating that graduate school applicants use GRE requirements in their evaluation of graduate programs.