bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las historias de vida en la formación de maestros de Educación Infantil
Authors: Serret-Segura Andreu , Martí-Puig Manuel , Corbatón-Martínez Raquel
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo hace referencia a una experiencia acerca de la utilización de las historias de vida en el área de Teoría e Historia de la Educación del Grado de Maestro/a de Educación Infantil. Concretamente, se utilizan los grupos de discusión como herramienta de investigación cualitativa para conocer los efectos que las historias de vida de maestros de educación infantil jubilados tienen en la formación de los futuros docentes de educación infantil. Tras el análisis de los resultados, las conclusiones obtenidas indican que las historias de vida favorecen el aprendizaje del alumnado tanto a nivel profesional como personal, convirtiéndose en una herramienta que responde a las demandas metodológicas de la educación del siglo xxi.
Lugares de juego y encuentro para la infancia
Authors: Ruiz de Velasco Ángeles , Abad Molina Javier
Published: May 2019

SÍNTESIS. En el presente estudio se recoge una investigación realizada en escuelas infantiles 0-3 años del Ayuntamiento y la Comunidad de Madrid. En ella se pretende demostrar la necesidad de ofrecer propuestas pedagógicas en este ámbito que contribuyan a potenciar el sentido educativo de esta etapa y permitan y favorezcan el desarrollo cultural y social de los procesos vitales de la infancia: las relaciones sociales, comunicativas y afectivas, el aprendizaje significativo y la elaboración de los procesos simbólicos mediante la creación de contextos de encuentro y relación a través del juego libre. Es decir, la propuesta didáctica se basa en la manera de enriquecer simbólicamente la cualidad de los ambientes de juego proyectados para la infancia, utilizando las instalaciones como espacios concebidos a partir del encuentro entre una propuesta estética del arte contemporáneo y la fundamentación pedagógica inspirada en la práctica psicomotriz Aucouturier. Este «diálogo» posibilita y favorece el juego presimbólico y simbólico en un contexto relacional.
La ansiedad como variable predictora de la autoestima en adolescentes y su influencia en el proceso educativo y en la comunicación
Authors: Núñez Vázquez Isabel , Crismán Pérez Rafael
Published: May 2019

Este estudio pretende identificar la relación existente entre la ansiedad y la autoestima en una muestra de 207 adolescentes de 12-18 años, debido a la problemática presente en los Institutos de Educación Secundaria donde situaciones de ansiedad se producen diariamente, dificultando la comunicación entre alumnos y profesores, así como el desarrollo del currículo de un modo normalizado (Suárez Valdés y Pérez Pérez, 2012). Los factores estudiados son los siguientes: variables sociodemográficas como el género y el nivel socioeconómico y variables de personalidad como la autoestima (Rosenberg, 1989), la ansiedad-estado y la ansiedad-rasgo (STAI, Spielberger, Gorsuch y Lushene, 1982). Los resultados demostraron que existe una relación negativa entre la autoestima y la ansiedad, siendo la ansiedad significativa para la predicción de la autoestima. Existen diferencias significativas según el género. Las mujeres presentaron menor nivel de autoestima y mayores niveles de ansiedad-estado y rasgo. El nivel socioeconómico no presentó diferencias significativas para cada una de las variables de personalidad objeto de estudio.
Influencias transnacionales en las políticas educativas: los modelos de evaluación del sistema escolar en México y España
Authors: Egido Gálvez Inmaculada
Published: May 2019

En el momento actual, existe un debate abierto acerca de las consecuencias que la globalización tiene en el terreno educativo. Algunos expertos defienden la existencia de influencias de carácter trasnacional, que conducen a una armonización progresiva de las políticas educativas a nivel mundial, mientras otros consideran que el peso de los Estados nacionales sigue siendo determinante en la configuración de los sistemas educativos. El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a dicho debate, analizando los modelos de evaluación del sistema escolar vigentes en dos países con características bien diferenciadas, como son México y España. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio realizado con una metodología comparativa que permite constatar los rasgos comunes y las discrepancias existentes entre los modelos de ambos países. Los resultados apuntan a una convergencia entre México y España que, a pesar de sus distintos contextos y problemáticas educativas, han adoptado modelos de evaluación del sistema escolar prácticamente homogéneos. Aunque dichos resultados se circunscriben a los dos países estudiados y no es posible generalizarlos a otros lugares, las analogías encontradas parecen avalar la existencia de un proceso de estandarización educativa a escala global. Se refuerza, por tanto, la idea de quienes defienden la primacía de la influencia internacional sobre los niveles nacionales en las políticas educativas de nuestros días.
Educação infantil. Articulando a produção de desenhos com a educação ambiental em uma escola comunitária do sul do Brasil
Authors: Silva Rocha Ana Gabriela da , Gheno Simara , Leão Gonçalves Fernanda Carneiro , Dal-Farra Rossano André
Published: May 2019

a educación infantil constituye la base del proceso educativo; es importante para la formación del individuo puesto que sienta las bases de los conocimientos, valores y procesos fundamentales para que puedan interactuar con su entorno. Cuando este nivel formativo se lleva a cabo con el objetivo de desarrollar la integralidad del ser humano, aborda las distintas disciplinas que afectan al estudiante en su dimensión más amplia. En este contexto, la interdisciplinaridad deja de ser solo una estrategia didáctica y cobra importancia en la formación social del individuo en la medida en que el profesor adopta una nueva postura en relación con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Ante estas premisas, se considera que el desarrollo de prácticas educativas que integren la Educación Ambiental y las Artes Visuales permite trabajar sobre ámbitos del conocimiento muy amplios, tal y como se contextualiza en el presente estudio que aborda las acciones llevadas a cabo en una escuela comunitaria de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Durante seis meses, se desarrollaron actividades en las que el alumnado realizaba dibujos y observaban imágenes de la naturaleza. Los datos se analizaron a través de métodos mixtos que incluían la clasificación de los elementos presentes en los dibujos desde el punto de vista cualitativo, mientras que la dimensión cuantitativa se midió a través de métodos de estadística descriptiva de los dibujos y de la evaluación de los dibujos realizados por los niños y las niñas. El estudio arrojó resultados pertinentes relacionados con la caracterización de la concepción que tenía el alumnado de los espacios abiertos, tales como el patio de la escuela y las plazas, resultados que evocaban principalmente recuerdos de un lugar de ocio con juegos y un parque infantil. Asimismo, del estudio se desprenden algunas percepciones significativas de los niños relacionadas con los efectos antrópicos en la modificación de los paisajes y en la generación de contaminación.
Uso de internet y práctica lectora en bachilleres
Authors: González de la Torre Yolanda , Jiménez Mora José , Chavarín Rodríguez José Luis
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo presenta una exploración y descripción del uso de Internet en tareas escolares y cómo esto puede sugerir determinados aspectos de la práctica lectora en estudiantes de preparatorias públicas. Se trata de un estudio perceptual, se recogieron datos de las prácticas comunes de los estudiantes a partir de dos instrumentos: cuestionario y entrevista. Los resultados del primero muestran cómo el uso de Internet orienta la práctica lectora de los estudiantes hacia actividades como la localización de información, con un efecto de diversificación de fuentes a las que acuden para consulta de texto, aunque es posible concluir que realizan acciones que implican otros procesos de lectura como la comparación y contraste de fuentes. Los datos de la entrevista reflejan cómo el uso de Internet en relación con ciertas necesidades escolares de los estudiantes provoca lo que podría denominarse una experiencia de la práctica lectora marcada por el contexto en que se realiza la actividad escolar
Easy Synthesis of Light-weight Hierarchical Mesoporous Carbon Sponges for Efficient Oil Spill Recovery
Authors: Kang Shifei , Chen Mengya , Wang Yuting , Tang Fan , Cui Lifeng , Dong Mingdong
Published: June 2019

The clean-up of spilled viscous crude oil has increasingly become a global challenge. Since the rather limited sorption speed restricted the use of traditional oil sorbents materials in practical oil-spill remediation, people gradually pay more attention to the nanoporous materials and technology to clean-up viscous crude oil by turning the rheology though Joule-heating. Herein, we report a quite easy synthesis method to prepare light-weight nanoporous carbon sponges by using the cheap environmentally friendly melamine foam, a widely used and mass disposal building material with high porosity of over 99%, as the template and carbon source. SEM images show that the natural 100 um level porous network structure of melamine foam retained after the carbonized carbon sponge material. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms as well as the corresponding pore size distribution results clearly indicating the unique hierarchical mesoporous features of the as-developed carbon sponge, which is good for its contract with the spill oil. XRD and Raman spectra verified the partial graphitization characteristics of the mesoporous carbon sponges, FT-IR and XPS spectra confirmed the presence of N and O containing functional groups. The Joule-heating performance in a simulated oil spill case under sunlight show that the obtained mesoporous carbon sponges superior than supported graphene control (MF-G) on the heating and rheological regulation effect, thus is an excellent candidate for oil spill recovery. The synthetically balanced physicochemical characteristics and additional merits such as low cost, enriched oxygen-containing functional groups, good bulk electrical conductivities and robustness make this carbon sponge material a good platform for the development of various advanced multifunctional materials for oil spill recovery.
The Physics of the Accelerating Universe Camera
Authors: Padilla Cristóbal , Castander Francisco J. , Alarcón Alex , Aleksic Jelena , Ballester Otger , Cabayol Laura , Cardiel-Sas Laia , Carretero Jorge , Casas Ricard , Castilla Javier , Crocce Martin , Delfino Manuel , Díaz Carlos , Eriksen Martin , Fernández Enrique , Fosalba Pablo , García-Bellido Juan , Gaztañaga Enrique , Gaweda Javier , Grañena Ferran , María Ílla José , Jiménez Jorge , López Luis , Martí Pol , Miquel Ramon , Neissner Christian , Pío Cristóbal , Sánchez Eusebio , Serrano Santiago , Sevilla-Noarbe Ignacio , Tallada Pau , Tonello Nadia , de Vicente Juan
Published: June 2019

The Physics of the Accelerating Universe (PAU) Survey goal is to obtain photometric redshifts (photo-z) and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of astronomical objects with a resolution roughly one order of magnitude better than current broadband (BB) photometric surveys. To accomplish this, a new large field-of-view (FoV) camera (PAUCam) has been designed, built, and commissioned and is now operated at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). With the current WHT prime focus corrector, the camera covers an ∼1° diameter FoV, of which only the inner ∼40′ diameter is unvignetted. The focal plane consists of a mosaic of 18 2k × 4k Hamamatsu fully depleted CCDs, with high quantum efficiency up to 1 μm in wavelength. To maximize the detector coverage within the FoV, filters are placed in front of the CCDs inside the camera cryostat (made out of carbon fiber) using a challenging movable tray system. The camera uses a set of 40 narrowband filters ranging from ∼4500 to ∼8500 Å complemented with six standard BB filters, ugrizY. The PAU Survey aims to cover roughly 100 deg2 over fields with existing deep photometry and galaxy shapes to obtain accurate photometric redshifts for galaxies down to i
AB ∼ 22.5, also detecting galaxies down to i
AB ∼ 24 with less precision in redshift. With this data set, we will be able to measure intrinsic alignments and galaxy clustering and perform galaxy evolution studies in a new range of densities and redshifts. Here we describe the PAU camera, its first commissioning results, and its performance.
Revisiting the Long-period Transiting Planets from Kepler
Authors: Herman Miranda K. , Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 , Wu 武延 Yanqin 庆
Published: June 2019

Currently, we have only limited means to probe the presence of planets at large orbital separations. Foreman-Mackey et al. searched for long-period transiting planets in the Kepler light curves using an automated pipeline. Here, we apply their pipeline, with minor modifications, to a larger sample and use updated stellar parameters from Gaia DR2. The latter boosts the stellar radii for most of the planet candidates found by FM16, invalidating a number of them as false positives. We identify 15 candidates, including two new ones. All have sizes from 0.3 to 1 R
J, and all but two have periods from 2 to 10 yr. We report two main findings based on this sample. First, the planet occurrence rate for the above size and period ranges is

planets per Sun-like star, with the frequency of cold Jupiters agreeing with that from radial velocity surveys. Planet occurrence rises with decreasing planet size, roughly describable as

with

, i.e., Neptune-sized planets are some four times more common than Jupiter-sized ones. Second, five out of our 15 candidates orbit stars with known transiting planets at shorter periods, including one with five inner planets. We interpret this high incidence rate to mean: (1) almost all our candidates should be genuine; (2) across a large orbital range (from ∼0.05 to a few astronomical units), mutual inclinations in these systems are at most a few degrees; and (3) large outer planets exist almost exclusively in systems with small inner planets.
Detection of Coherent Emission from the Bp Star HD 142990 at uGMRT Frequencies
Authors: Das Barnali , Chandra Poonam , Shultz Matt E. , Wade Gregg A.
Published: June 2019

HD 142990 is a Bp-type star with a nearly dipolar surface magnetic field of kilogauss strength. Recently, Lenc et al. reported the tentative discovery of Electron Cyclotron Maser Emission (ECME) from this star at 200 MHz. This type of emission has been observed from only three other hot magnetic stars. In this paper, we present our observations of HD 142990 with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio telescope at 550–804 MHz and with the legacy GMRT at 1420 MHz near the rotational phases of the nulls of the longitudinal magnetic field. We found strong enhancements in flux density in both circular polarizations, suggesting an ECME bandwith of at least 1.2 GHz (200–1420 MHz). In one of the observation sessions, we observed enhancements with opposite circular polarizations from the same magnetic pole. This has not been reported in any other hot magnetic star known to exhibit ECME. In order to explain this unusual finding, we suggest a scenario that involves a transition of the dominant mode of ECME between the magneto-ionic modes.
Predicting Solar Flares Using a Long Short-term Memory Network
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Chang , Wang Jason T. L. , Wang Haimin
Published: June 2019

We present a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for predicting whether an active region (AR) would produce a ϒ-class flare within the next 24 hr. We consider three ϒ classes, namely ≥M5.0 class, ≥M class, and ≥C class, and build three LSTM models separately, each corresponding to a ϒ class. Each LSTM model is used to make predictions of its corresponding ϒ-class flares. The essence of our approach is to model data samples in an AR as time series and use LSTMs to capture temporal information of the data samples. Each data sample has 40 features including 25 magnetic parameters obtained from the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patches and related data products as well as 15 flare history parameters. We survey the flare events that occurred from 2010 May to 2018 May, using the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X-ray flare catalogs provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), and select flares with identified ARs in the NCEI flare catalogs. These flare events are used to build the labels (positive versus negative) of the data samples. Experimental results show that (i) using only 14–22 most important features including both flare history and magnetic parameters can achieve better performance than using all 40 features together; (ii) our LSTM network outperforms related machine-learning methods in predicting the labels of the data samples. To our knowledge, this is the first time that LSTMs have been used for solar-flare prediction.
Spatially Resolved Metal Loss from M31
Authors: Telford O. Grace , Werk Jessica K. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Williams Benjamin F.
Published: June 2019

As galaxies evolve, they must enrich and exchange gas with the surrounding medium, but the timing of these processes and how much gas is involved remain poorly understood. In this work, we leverage metals as tracers of past gas flows to constrain the history of metal ejection and redistribution in M31. This roughly L* galaxy is a unique case where spatially resolved measurements of the gas-phase and stellar metallicity, dust extinction, and neutral interstellar gas content are all available, enabling a census of the current metal mass. We combine spatially resolved star formation histories from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey with a metal production model to calculate the history of metal production in M31. We find that 1.8 × 109
M
⊙ of metals, or 62% of the metal mass formed within r < 19 kpc, is missing from the disk in our fiducial model, implying that the M31 disk has experienced significant gaseous outflows over its lifetime. Under a conservative range of model assumptions, we find that between 3% and 88% of metals have been lost (1.9 × 107–6.4 × 109
M
⊙), which means that metals are missing even when all model parameters are chosen to favor metal retention. We show that the missing metal mass could be harbored in the circumgalactic medium of M31 if the majority of the metals reside in a hot gas phase. Finally, we find that some metal mass produced in the past 1.5 Gyr in the central ∼5 kpc has likely been redistributed to larger radii within the disk.
OS USOS DE VARIÁVEIS-CHAVE DO PERÍODO ATUAL POR AGENTES DO CIRCUITO INFERIOR DA ECONOMIA URBANA
Authors: Salvador Diego Salomão Candido de Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Apesar de as repercussões da modernização econômica serem seletivas, não apresentando as mesmas possiblidades para todos os agentes sociais, são também gerais, pois abarcam, com diferentes intensidades, todos os objetos e todas as ações que caracterizam o presente. Destarte, variáveis-chave do período atual (técnica, informação, finanças, consumo) são usadas diferentemente por todos os agentes sociais: os hegemônicos as utilizam como variáveis-força, enquanto os não hegemônicos como variáveis-suporte. Os agentes hegemônicos determinam as variáveis do período e as utilizam para explorar o território e obter cada vez mais lucros, visando manter sua hegemonia. Já os não hegemônicos as usam como suporte para sua sobrevivência, adaptando-se, muitas vezes, ao conteúdo das técnicas modernas, mas também desenvolvendo outros usos delas, fundamentados na criatividade e em redes de sociabilidade decorrentes da solidariedade orgânica. De tal modo, as inovações técnicas são criadas como variáveis-força, mas, ao se banalizarem, tornam-se também variáveis-suporte. Neste trabalho, alicerçando-se em reflexões sobre a teoria dos circuitos da economia urbana e em dados primários decorrentes de pesquisa realizada para compreender as relações entre esses circuitos da economia no eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, asseveramos que os agentes sociais não hegemônicos também usam as formas da Globalização e participam de seus nexos, por meio de modos de integração e inserção encontrados diante das determinações dos agentes hegemônicos da modernização. Dentre esses modos, realçamos a banalização técnica, com o desencadeamento de atividades não hegemônicas para reparo ou comercialização de bens modernos e com a difusão de técnicas da informação no circuito inferior do eixo rodoviário Natal-Caicó, ocasionando a explicitação de novas estratégias de sobrevivência por agentes desse circuito. Entretanto, essa banalização pode também ocasionar ou aumentar a subordinação dos agentes não hegemônicos a agentes hegemônicos do mercado, tendo-se em vista que as variáveis-chave do período são determinadas e dominadas pelo circuito superior.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO ORIENTADA A OBJETO NO MAPEAMENTO DO USO DA TERRA E COBERTURA VEGETAL NO PANTANAL DE AQUIDAUANA
Authors: Da Silva Leandro Félix , Bacani Vitor Matheus
Published: June 2019

O Pantanal brasileiro é uma das maiores planícies inundáveis do mundo, influenciado principalmente pelo regime hídrico entre os períodos de cheias e de secas, além de apresentar um mosaico com diferentes tipos de vegetação, distribuído em 11 sub-regiões. A sub-região do Pantanal de Aquidauana destaca-se pelo desenvolvimento da pecuária extensiva de bovinos, que ao longo dos últimos anos tem promovido alterações principalmente na substituição das formações vegetais naturais para à introdução de capins exóticos provocando rápidas mudanças e transformações na paisagem. Este estudo tem por objetivo geral mapear os modos de uso da terra e as diferentes formações vegetais que compõe a cobertura vegetal do Pantanal de Aquidauana entre os anos de 1984, 1993, 2000 e 2015. Os métodos utilizados foram as técnicas de classificação orientada a objeto (OBIA - Object-Based Image Analysis). O resultado culminou em quatro mapas, com onze classes temáticas que são: 1) Savana Florestada, 2) Savana Arborizada, 3) Savana Gramíneo-Lenhosa, 4) Encrave, 5) Ecótono, 6) Formações Pioneiras, 7) Vegetação Ciliar, 8) Pastagem Plantada, 9) Baía, 10) Vazantes e 11) Solo Exposto). Foram detectadas mudanças significativas na paisagem do Pantanal de Aquidauana entre os anos de 1984 e 2015, destacando o aumento nas áreas de pastagem plantadas que atualmente ocupam 40,17% da região e consequência disto houve uma diminuição nas áreas de vegetação nativa como a savana florestada (6,22%), arborizada (22,96%) gramíneo-lenhosa (12,68%); áreas de contatos florísticos: encrave (0,33%), ecótono (6,31%) e formações pioneiras (5,25%) e vegetação ciliar (4,06%). Constatou-se também redução nas áreas de baía (0,58%), vazantes (0,75%) e solo exposto (0,68%). A validação dos mapeamentos permitiu classifica-los como excelente, segundo parâmetros estatísticos (Índice Kappa e a Acurácia Global).
Microstructure Evolution and its Modelling of Spray Deposited Al Matrix Composite Sheet during Wedge Pressing
Authors: He Yi Qiang , Ren Chang Xu , Xu Hu Lin
Published: June 2019

Spray deposited SiCP/Al-Fe-V-Si composite is characterized with pores and oxide films between deposited particles, therefore further densification is needed. Densification of the composite preforms in large size has becomes the research emphasis and challenge. Current research of the composite is focused on densification technologies used to eliminate metallurgical defects. Key parameters of wedge pressing, density and stress distribution, flow behaviour, densification mechanism and regularity are investigated by combining experiment and finite element modelling. Pass reduction of 10%~15% and space of about 10mm between one end of the plate blank and the steel mould is beneficial to wedge pressing because of the effective deformation. Density and stress of the external layer are higher than that of the inter layer, density and stress distribution become uniform with overall reduction. Materials in preformed area flows along thickness direction as thickness of the plate decreases, while materials in main deformation area flows along length direction with increasing length of the plate. Wedge pressing of the spray deposited Al matrix composite plate follows porous metal plastic deformation mechanism under the condition of plane strain. Practical relative density of the plate is higher than the calculated value in the initial stage of pressing, while the practical relative density becomes lower than the calculated value as true strain exceeds 0.55, which can be attributed to the pores resulted from aggregation and breaking of SiC particles.
Study on the Viscosity and Affinity of Epoxy Resin Chemical Grouting Material Considering Time Variation
Authors: Wei Tao , Zhang Da , Wang Zai Qin
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the CW epoxy resin grouting material produced by Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute was choosed as the research object. By testing the viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of the epoxy grouting material, the change law of the viscosity and affinity of the curing process was investigated. The results show that the viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of the slurry decreased with the time increased. The surface tension value of slurry is the maximum when its viscosity is the minimum. The trend of the surface tension change showed a rapid growth and then tended to be stable. When the curve is stable, the surface tension value is the equilibrium surface tension of the slurry. Through the calculation and analysis, the mathematical model of viscosity and affinity of CW epoxy resin was established.
Brachyta (Fasciobrachyta) petriccionei, a new Longhorn beetle species from Central Italy (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Rapuzzi Pierpaolo , Bologna Marco A. , Poloni Riccardo
Published: May 2019

In this paper we describe a new species of Cerambycidae of the Genus Brachyta, Subgenus Fasciobrachyta, close to Brachyta balcanica (Hampe, 1870). The new species, very likely associated as larvae with roots of Paeonia officinalis, was collected in the Majella National Park (Abruzzo, Italy) and its phylogenetic position clearly reveals a Transadriatic origin.
Presence of extracellular DNA & protein in biofilm formation by gentamicin-resistant Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: George Jaimee , Halami Prakash Motiram
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:

Bacterial biofilms a multi-layered defence, comprise extracellular DNA (eDNA) and proteins, protect bacteria from harmful environment and nutrient limitation and utilize the mutual benefits within a community. Bacterial biofilms also defend bacteria from harsh environments such as antibiotic treatment. This leads to poor antibiotic penetration, slow growth, adaptive stress responses, and formation of persister cells. This study was done to determine the relation of antibiotic resistance deciphered by the biofilms in Lactobacillus plantarum, a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic significance.

Methods:

The gentamicin-resistant L. plantarum isolates were allowed to form biofilms and subjected to DNase I and proteinase K treatment. The optical density (OD) values were recorded for the biofilm assay and the cell count for the number of viable cells was taken for the control and the test samples. Percentage reduction was calculated based on the difference between the initial and final OD for both the parameters.

Results:

The biofilm assay revealed that the native L. plantarum isolates which were phenotypically susceptible, possessed the ability to form biofilms. The OD values were significantly decreased in comparison to the biofilm-forming control culture when these were treated with DNase I and proteinase K.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study revealed that the biofilms formed by L. plantarum comprised of eDNA and proteins which was evidenced by the reduction in OD values and percentage in comparison to the control upon DNase I and proteinase K treatment. This indicates that the eDNA and biofilm matrix proteins are vital constituents of biofilms and may carry significant risk when coupled with antibiotic resistance.
Establishing Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance & Research Network in India
Authors: Walia Kamini , Madhumathi Jayaprakasam , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Kapil Arti , Ray Pallab , Singh Harpreet , Sistla Sujatha , Ohri V.C.
Published: June 2019

The Indian Council of Medical Research, in 2013, initiated the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance & Research Network (AMRSN) to enable compilation of data on six pathogenic groups on antimicrobial resistance from the country. The overarching aim of this network was to understand the extent and pattern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and use this evidence to guide strategies to control the spread of AMR. This article describes the conception and implementation of this AMR surveillance network for India. Also described are the challenges, limitations and benefits of this approach. Data from the Network have shown increasing resistance in Gram-negative bacteria in the hospitals that are part of this network. Combined resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and increasing carbapenem resistance are worrisome, as it has an important bearing on the patients’ outcome and thus needs to be addressed urgently. Data generated through this Network have been used to develop treatment guidelines, which will be supportive in harmonizing treatment practices across the tertiary level healthcare institutions in the country. While, the major benefit of having a surveillance system is the collection of real-time accurate data on AMR including the mechanisms of resistance, representativeness to community, sustaining the current effort and expanding the current activities to next levels of healthcare settings are the major challenges. The data emanating from the network besides providing evidence, expose several gaps and lacunae in the ecosystem and highlight opportunities for action by multiple stakeholders.
Next-generation strategy for treating drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Datta Priya
Published: June 2019

Resistance against nearly all antibiotics used clinically have been documented in bacteria. There is an ever-increasing danger caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in both hospital and community settings. In Gram-negative bacteria, intrinsic resistance to currently available antibiotics is mainly due to overexpressed efflux pumps which are constitutively present and also presence of protective outer membrane. Combination therapy, i.e., use of two or more antibiotics, was thought to be an effective strategy because it took advantage of the additive effects of multiple antimicrobial mechanisms, lower risk of resistance development and lower mortality and improved clinical outcome. However, none of the benefits were seen in in vivo studies. Antibiotic hybrids are being used to challenge the growing drug resistance threat and increase the usefulness of current antibiotic arsenal. Antibiotic hybrids are synthetic constructs of two molecules which are covalently linked. These could be two antibiotics or antibiotic with an adjuvant (efflux pump inhibitor, siderophore, etc.) which increases the access of the antibiotics to the target. The concepts, developments and challenges in the future use of antibiotic hybrids are discussed here. Majority of the studies have been conducted on fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides molecules. The antibiotic tobramycin has the property to enhance the action of antimicrobial agents against which the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were earlier resistant, and thus potentiating the action of legacy antibiotics. Antibiotic hybrids may have a role as the silver bullet in Gram-negative bacteria to overcome drug resistance as well as extend the spectrum of existing antibiotics
A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India
Authors: Britto Carl D. , John Jacob , Verghese Valsan P. , Pollard Andrew J.
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:

The temporal trends in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi in India have not been systematically reported. We aimed to systematically review the temporal AMR trends (phenotypic and molecular mechanisms) in bacterial isolates from patients with enteric fever over two decades in India.

Methods:

To identify trends in AMR in India, resistance patterns among 4611 individual S. Typhi isolates and 800 S. Paratyphi A isolates, reported from 1992 to 2017 in 40 publications, were analysed. Molecular resistance determinants were extracted from 22 publications and also reviewed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were sourced using a predefined search strategy from different databases.

Results:

The analyses suggested that multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric fever was declining in India and being replaced by fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance. Mutations in gyrA and parC were key mechanisms responsible for FQ resistance, whereas MDR was largely driven by resistance determinants encoded on mobile genetic elements (plasmids, transposons).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The results reflect the effect of antimicrobial pressure which has been driving AMR in typhoidal Salmonella in India. Understanding these trends is important in planning future approaches to therapy, which serve as a baseline for assessment of the impact of new typhoid conjugate vaccines against these resistant organisms.
Reproductive biology of the saddle cichlid, Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), in small forest streams in the Machado River basin, southwestern Amazonia
Authors: Costa Igor David , Fachetti Missilene Silva de Almeida , Nunes Natalia Neto dos Santos
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estratégia reprodutiva de Aequidens tetramerus em pequenos riachos na bacia do rio Machado, sudoeste da Amazônia. As amostras foram coletadas em dois igarapés, utilizando rede de cerco e redes de mão ao longo de um trecho de 50 m do igarapé. Foram coletados 86 indivíduos, sendo 19 machos e 67 fêmeas (proporção-sexual, 3,52 fêmea:1macho). O tamanho dos indivíduos variou de 1,5 a 11,5 cm. O tamanho da primeira reprodução para fêmeas foi de 1,8 cm e dos machos 2,0 cm. A estação reprodutiva da espécie ocorreu no período seco.
Forms of Being
Authors: Bersani Leo , Dutoit Ulysse
Published: June 2019

In each of the films discussed in this study - 'Le Mepris', 'All About My Mother', 'The Thin Red Line' - something extraordinary is proposed. Or if not proposed, then shown, visually, by stranger and more powerful means than narrative or argument.
As mulheres no contexto da sociedade de classes e sua participação política no processo legislativo e executivo do Brasil : das restrições e desafios
Authors: Moreira Rafael Bueno da Rosa , Costa Marli Marlene Morais da
Published: June 2019

As restrições da participação das mulheres no processo legislativo e executivo no Brasil é um fenômeno que ocasiona reflexos negativos no desenvolvimento da cidadania e das políticas públicas para a efetivação de direitos humanos e fundamentais da mulher no contexto da sociedade de classes. Em consonância, a sociedade de classes no atual sistema capitalista impõe condições de conduta em relação à mulher, perpetuando situações de submissão, discriminação e exclusão social, pois existem vários interesses em relação ao trabalho e ao consumo do gênero feminino. Então, como tem sido a participação política das mulheres nos processos legislativos e executivos no Brasil, e a participação social no contexto da sociedade de classes no sistema capitalista? Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, utilizando-se da doutrina, e de estudo de caso factual, por meio da tabulação dos dados das eleições brasileiras de 2014 e 2016 e de sua análise, pelo método de abordagem dedutivo e métodos de procedimento analítico e estatístico. O trabalho é uma abordagem original e que visa contribuir para estudos em torno da participação política feminina.
Desarticulação interfederativa na concessão dos benefícios de prestação continuada (BPC)
Authors: Pacheco Costa Fernanda Soraia
Published: June 2019

o Benefício de Prestação Continuada é um programa de transferência de renda destinado a idosos e deficientes, cujas famílias são enquadradas no conceito legal de miserabilidade. Este benefício, ao contrário do Bolsa Família, não conta com a participação dos Municípios em sua concessão, o que poderia contribuir para suprir a falta do trabalho do assistente social. Serão analisados os textos normativos, os demais instrumentos jurídicos, os agentes governamentais e não-governamentais que deixam de ser incluídos no processo de concessão, bem como dados de benefícios concedidos indevidamente, principalmente, no caso de idosos. Espera-se demonstrar como o envolvimento de outros agentes poderia tornar mais efetiva a transferência de renda, para fazer valer o direito à assistência social, assegurado na Constituição Federal e também na Lei nº 8.742/1993, que não é completamente aplicada.
Os contratos comerciais na declaração dos direitos de liberdade econômica (MP 881/19)
Authors: Lupi André Lipp Pinto Basto
Published: June 2019

A recente edição de Medida Provisória instituindo a Declaração dos Direitos de Liberdade Econômica alterou dispositivos do Código Civil e estabeleceu princípios de interpretação que pretendem reduzir o dirigismo sobre os contratos comerciais. Este artigo trata dessas alterações legislativas, procurando cotejá-las com outras proposições em trâmite no Congresso Nacional e com posições doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais. O problema de pesquisa é a conveniência e adequação das mudanças realizadas pela Medida Provisória em face dos objetivos da maior liberalização do mercado e segurança jurídica no campo dos contratos empresariais. O artigo apresenta análise crítica do texto da Medida Provisória, com considerações acerca de outras possíveis formas de normatizar os objetivos por ela pretendidos.
EVALUATION OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO GREENSPACE ON TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS: CASE STUDY – TEHRAN, IRAN
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh A. , Delavar M. R. , Nasli-Esfahani E.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Development of information technology and expansion of geospatial information systems have realized the planning managers and urban policy-makers’ wishes in making more informed decisions about urban management. At the same time, population growth and the provision of its health should be considered as one of the most important and remarkable issues for many researchers and medical specialists. So, in recent years there have been an increasing number of researches related to the study of effective factors such as environment parameters on the people’s health. In previous research, the long-term exposure effects of environmental parameters such as greenspace and air pollution on people’s health have been mostly ignored or access to reliable data has not been accomplished. The aim of this research is to study how the long-term exposure to greenspace surrounding the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects the average values of four years glycolized hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Moreover, in order to study the effects of the data type on reliability of the results, land-use data base (LDB) and satellite imagery have been employed. Pearson product and regression model have been used in this research for correlation and buffer analyse to calculate the degree of exposure of T2DM persons to greenspace. According to the results, negative correlation between long-term exposure to greenspace and the average values of four years HbA1c levels becomes statistically significant. Pearson correlation coefficients for the LDB (r = −0.366, p = 0.001) and satellite imagery (r = −0.276, p = 0.006) at 250-meter buffer from diabetic patients’ habitat is significant at 99% confidence level.
MOUNTAINOUS REMOTE SENSING IMAGES REGISTRATION BASED ON IMPROVED OPTICAL FLOW ESTIMATION
Authors: Feng R. , Li X. , Shen H.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Mountainous remote sensing images registration is more complicated than in other areas as geometric distortion caused by topographic relief, which could not be precisely achieved via constructing local mapping functions in the feature-based framework. Optical flow algorithm estimating motion of consecutive frames in computer vision pixel by pixel is introduced for mountainous remote sensing images registration. However, it is sensitive to land cover changes that are inevitable for remote sensing image, resulting in incorrect displacement. To address this problem, we proposed an improved optical flow estimation concentrated on post-processing, namely displacement modification. First of all, the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) algorithm is employed to detect the abnormal value in color map of displacement. Then, the abnormal displacement is recalculated in the interpolation surface constructed by the rest accurate displacements. Following the successful coordinate transformation and resampling, the registration outcome is generated. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed method is insensitive in changeable region of mountainous remote sensing image, generating precise registration, outperforming the other local transformation model estimation methods in both visual judgment and quantitative evaluation.
REAL-TIME ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION OF ANGLES BETWEEN STAR SENSOR AND EARTH OBSERVATION CAMERA FOR OPTICAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING SATELLITES
Authors: Liu W. , Wang H. , Jiang W. , Qian F. , Zhu L.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. On space remote sensing stereo mapping field, the angle variation between the star sensor’s optical axis and the earth observation camera’s optical axis on-orbit affects the positioning accuracy, when optical mapping is without ground control points (GCPs). This work analyses the formation factors and elimination methods for both the star sensor’s error and the angles error between the star sensor’s optical axis and the earth observation camera’s optical axis. Based on that, to improve the low attitude stability and long calibration time necessary of current satellite cameras, a method is then proposed for real-time on-orbit calibration of the angles between star sensor’s optical axis and the earth observation camera’s optical axis based on the principle of auto-collimation. This method is experimentally verified to realize real-time on-orbit autonomous calibration of the angles between the star sensor’s optical axis and the earth observation camera’s optical axis.
Assessment of variability of the thermohaline structure and transport of Atlantic
water in the Arctic Ocean based on NABOS CTD data
Authors: Zhurbas Nataliya , Kuzmina Natalia
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Data of CTD transects across continental slope of the Eurasian Basin and the St. Anna Trough performed during NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observing System) project in 2003–2015 are used to assess transport and propagation features of the Atlantic Water (AW) in the Arctic Ocean. Estimates of θ-S indices and volume flow rate of the current carrying the AW in the Eurasian Basin were obtained. The assessments were based on the analysis of CTD data including 33 sections in the Eurasian Basin, 4 transects in the St. Anna Trough and 2 transects in the Makarov Basin; additionally a CTD transect of the PolarStern-1996 expedition (PS-96) was considered. Using spatial distributions of temperature, salinity, and density on the transects and applying θ-S analysis, the variability of thermohaline pattern on the AW pathway along the slope of Eurasian Basin was investigated. The Fram Strait branch of the Atlantic Water (FSBW) was satisfactorily identified on all transects, including two transects in the Makarov Basin (along 159° E), while the сold waters, which can be associated with the influence of the Barents Sea branch of the Atlantic water (BSBW), on the transects along 126° E, 142° E and 159° E, were observed in the depth range below 800 m and had a negligible effect on the spatial structure of isopycnic surfaces. Special attention was paid to the variability of the volume flow rate of the AW propagating along the continental slope of the Eurasian Basin. The geostrophic volume flow rate was calculated using the dynamic method. An interpretation of the spatial and temporal variability of hydrological parameters characterizing the flow of the AW in the Eurasian Basin is presented. The geostrophic volume flow rate decreases significantly farther away from the areas of the AW inflow to the Eurasian Basin. Thus, the geostrophic estimate of the volume rate for the AW flow in the Makarov Basin at 159° E was found to be more than an order of magnitude smaller than the estimates of the volume flow rate in the Eurasian Basin, implying that the major part of the AW entering the Arctic Ocean circulates cyclonically within the Nansen and Amundsen Basins. There is an absolute maximum of θmax (AW core temperature) in 2006–2008 time series and a maximum in 2013, but only at 103° E. Salinity S(θmax) (AW core salinity) time series display an increase of the AW salinity in 2006–2008 and 2013 (at 103° E) that can be referred to as a AW salinization in the early 2000-ies. The maxima of θmax and S(θmax) in 2006–2008 and 2013 were accompanied by the volume flow rate highs. Additionally the time average volume rates were calculated for the FSBW flow (in the longitude range 31–92° E), for the BSBW flow in the St. Anna Trough and for a combined FSBW and BSBW flow in longitude range 94–107° E. A detailed discussion of the results is presented.
Malaria burden through routing reporting: Relationship between incidence estimates
Authors: Kigozi Simon
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between test positivity rate and test-confirmed malaria case rate both in time and space, to provide better understanding of the utility and representativeness of HMIS data for changing malaria burden in endemic settings.IntroductionRoutine surveillance is an important global strategy for malaria control. However, there have been few studies comparing routine indicators of burden, including test positivity rate (TPR) and test-confirmed malaria case rates (CMCR), over spatial and temporal scales.MethodsWe studied the relationship between these indicators in children under 11 years, presenting with suspected malaria at outpatient department clinics in three health facilities in locations of varying transmission across Uganda. We evaluated trends in each indicator over time (month) and space (by village) and explored the relationship between them using multivariable regression models.ResultsOverall, 65,710 participants visited the three clinics during the study period. Pairwise relationships between TPR and CMCR showed good agreement over time, particularly for TPR’s below 50% and during low transmission seasons, but the relationship was complex at the village level. Village mean annual TPR remained constant while CMCR was drastically reduced with increased distance from health facility, highlighting health care access’ importance. The forth quartile of distance from the health facility, relative to the first, was associated with reduction in CMCR with IRR of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.23-0.63; p=0.001), 0.55 (0.40-0.75; p<0.001), and 0.25 (0.12-0.51; p<0.001) for Nagongera, Kihihi, and Walukuba respectively. Regression analysis results emphasized a non-linear (cubic) relationship between TPR and CMCR, after accounting for month, village, season and demographic factors.ConclusionsAltogether, these results suggested a strong non-linear relationship between the two indicators regardless of transmission setting. However, the current malaria surveillance system in Uganda may under-represent burden from patients living furthest from sentinel health facilities.