bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fascin overexpression promotes neoplastic progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Alam Hunain , Bhate Amruta V , Gangadaran Prakash , Sawant Sharda S , Salot Shimul , Sehgal Lalit , Dange Prerana P , Chaukar Devendra A , D'cruz Anil K , Kannanl Sadhna , Gude Rajiv , Kane Shubhada , Dalal Sorab N , Vaidya Milind M
Published: January 2012

Background

Fascin is a globular actin cross-linking protein, which plays a major role in forming parallel actin bundles in cell protrusions and is found to be associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis in various type of cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we have demonstrated that fascin regulates actin polymerization and thereby promotes cell motility in K8-depleted OSCC cells. In the present study we have investigated the role of fascin in tumor progression of OSCC.

Methods

To understand the role of fascin in OSCC development and/or progression, fascin was overexpressed along with vector control in OSCC derived cells AW13516. The phenotype was studied using wound healing, Boyden chamber, cell adhesion, Hanging drop, soft agar and tumorigenicity assays. Further, fascin expression was examined in human OSCC samples (N = 131) using immunohistochemistry and level of its expression was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients.

Results

Fascin overexpression in OSCC derived cells led to significant increase in cell migration, cell invasion and MMP-2 activity. In addition these cells demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Our in vitro results were consistent with correlative studies of fascin expression with the clinico-pathological parameters of the OSCC patients. Fascin expression in OSCC showed statistically significant correlation with increased tumor stage (P = 0.041), increased lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), less differentiation (P = 0.005), increased recurrence (P = 0.038) and shorter survival (P = 0.004) of the patients.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our results indicate that fascin promotes tumor progression and activates AKT and MAPK pathways in OSCC-derived cells. Further, our correlative studies of fascin expression in OSCC with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients indicate that fascin may prove to be useful in prognostication and treatment of OSCC.
The DARE study of relapse prevention in depression: design for a phase 1/2 translational randomised controlled trial involving mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and supported self monitoring
Authors: Shawyer Frances , Meadows Graham N , Judd Fiona , Martin Paul R , Segal Zindel , Piterman Leon
Published: January 2012

Background

Depression is a common condition that typically has a relapsing course. Effective interventions targeting relapse have the potential to dramatically reduce the point prevalence of the condition. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group-based intervention that has shown efficacy in reducing depressive relapse. While trials of MBCT to date have met the core requirements of phase 1 translational research, there is a need now to move to phase 2 translational research - the application of MBCT within real-world settings with a view to informing policy and clinical practice. The aim of this trial is to examine the clinical impact and health economics of MBCT under real-world conditions and where efforts have been made to assess for and prevent resentful demoralization among the control group. Secondary aims of the project involve extending the phase 1 agenda to an examination of the effects of co-morbidity and mechanisms of action.

Methods/Design

This study is designed as a prospective, multi-site, single-blind, randomised controlled trial using a group comparison design between involving the intervention, MBCT, and a self-monitoring comparison condition, Depression Relapse Active Monitoring (DRAM). Follow-up is over 2 years. The design of the study indicates recruitment from primary and secondary care of 204 participants who have a history of 3 or more episodes of Major Depression but who are currently well. Measures assessing depressive relapse/recurrence, time to first clinical intervention, treatment expectancy and a range of secondary outcomes and process variables are included. A health economics evaluation will be undertaken to assess the incremental cost of MBCT.

Discussion

The results of this trial, including an examination of clinical, functional and health economic outcomes, will be used to assess the role that this treatment approach may have in recommendations for treatment of depression in Australia and elsewhere. If the findings are positive, we expect that this research will consolidate the evidence base to guide the decision to fund MBCT and to seek to promote its availability to those who have experienced at least 3 episodes of depression.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry:ACTRN12607000166471
Administration of ON 01210.Na after exposure to ionizing radiation protects bone marrow cells by attenuating DNA damage response
Authors: Suman Shubhankar , Maniar Manoj , Fornace Albert J , Datta Kamal
Published: January 2012

Background

Ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic injury could occur either due to accidental exposure or due to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Currently there is no approved drug to mitigate radiation toxicity in hematopoietic cells. This study investigates the potential of ON 01210.Na, a chlorobenzylsulfone derivative, in ameliorating radiation-induced hematopoietic toxicity when administered after exposure to radiation. We also investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity.

Methods

Male C3H/HeN mice (n = 5 mice per group; 6-8 weeks old) were exposed to a sub-lethal dose (5 Gy) of γ radiation using a 137Cs source at a dose rate of 0.77 Gy/min. Two doses of ON 01210.Na (500 mg/kg body weight) were administered subcutaneously at 24 h and 36 h after radiation exposure. Mitigation of hematopoietic toxicity by ON 01210.Na was investigated by peripheral white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts at 3, 7, 21, and 28 d after radiation exposure. Granulocyte macrophage colony forming unit (GM-CFU) assay was done using isolated bone marrow cells, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was performed on bone marrow sections at 7 d post-exposure. The DNA damage response pathway involving ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and p53 was investigated by Western blot in bone marrow cells at 7 d post-exposure.

Results

Compared to the vehicle, ON 01210.Na treated mice showed accelerated recovery of peripheral WBC and platelet counts. Post-irradiation treatment of mice with ON 01210.Na also resulted in higher GM-CFU counts. The mitigation effects were accompanied by attenuation of ATM-p53-dependent DNA damage response in the bone marrow cells of ON 01210.Na treated mice. Both phospho-ATM and phospho-p53 were significantly lower in the bone marrow cells of ON 01210.Na treated than in vehicle treated mice. Furthermore, the Bcl2:Bax ratio was higher in the drug treated mice than the vehicle treated groups.

Conclusions

ON 01210.Na treatment significantly mitigated the hematopoietic toxicity induced by a sub-lethal radiation dose. Mechanistically, attenuation of ATM-p53 mediated DNA damage response by ON 01210.Na is contributing to the mitigation of radiation-induced hematopoietic toxicity.
Peritoneal macrophage from male and female SJL mice differ in IL-10 expression and macrophage maturation
Authors: Hussain Shabbir , Stohlman Stephen A
Published: January 2012

Injection of proteins and particulate antigens into the peritoneal cavity of male SJL mice preferentially activates T cells secreting Th2 cytokines. Identical immunizations of females activate T cells secreting Th1 cytokines. CD11b+F4/80hi LPM and CD11b+F4/80lo SPM populations were compared between naive males and females to define their role in supporting differential Th1 versus Th2 T cell activation. No sex-dependent differences in the expression of MHC class II, costimulatory molecules, and MR were detected. Immunization induced influx of CD11bloF4/80lo cells in both sexes. CD11bloF4/80lo cells consist predominantly of Ly6Chi monocytes, which mature into a Ly6C− SPM subset. Following immunization, equivalent frequencies of LPM had taken up antigen. However, the CD11bloF4/80lo population, which had taken up antigen, was decreased significantly in males compared with females. Similar to naïve macrophages, antigen-positive cells in immunized males and females exhibited no phenotypic differences. However, fewer Ly6C−F4/80+ cells were present in males compared with females, consistent with the reduced number of antigen-positive cells. Furthermore, CD11bloF4/80lo cells, which had taken up antigen in males, expressed increased IL-10 and limited IL-12 mRNA compared with the predominant IL-12 mRNA expression in female-derived, antigen-positive CD11bloF4/80lo cells. IL-10 blockade increased the frequency of Ly6C−F4/80+ cells in males to the frequency in females, suggesting that preferential activation of Th2 T cells in male SJL mice is associated with increased IL-10 expression and limited antigen presentation as a result of decreased macrophage maturation under the influence of IL-10.
Prolactin177, prolactin188 and prolactin receptor 2 in the pituitary of the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, are differentially osmosensitive
Authors: Seale Andre P , Moorman Benjamin P , Stagg Jacob J , Breves Jason P , Lerner Darren T , Grau E Gordon
Published: January 2012

Two forms of prolactin (Prl), prolactin 177 (Prl177) and prolactin 188 (Prl188), are produced in therostral pars distalis(RPD) of the pituitary gland of euryhaline Mozambique tilapia,Oreochromis mossambicus. Consistent with their roles in fresh water (FW) osmoregulation, release of both Prls is rapidly stimulated by hyposmotic stimuli, bothin vivoandin vitro. We examined the concurrent dynamics of Prl177and Prl188hormone release and mRNA expression from Prl cells in response to changes in environmental salinityin vivoand to changes in extracellular osmolalityin vitro. In addition, mRNA levels of Prl receptors 1 and 2 (prlr1andprlr2) and osmotic stress transcription factor 1 (ostf1) were measured. Following transfer from seawater (SW) to FW, plasma osmolality decreased, while plasma levels of Prl177and Prl188and RPD mRNA levels ofprl177andprl188increased. The opposite pattern was observed when fish were transferred from FW to SW. Moreover, hyposmotically induced release of Prl188was greater in Prl cells isolated from FW-acclimated fish after 6 h of incubation, while the hyposmotically induced increase inprl188mRNA levels was only observed in SW-acclimated fish. In addition,prlr2andostf1mRNA levels in Prl cells from both FW- and SW-acclimated fish increased in direct proportion to increases in extracellular osmolality bothin vivoandin vitro. Taken together, these results indicate that the osmosensitivity of the tilapia RPD is modulated by environmental salinity with respect to hormone release and gene expression.
Individual Electrospun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanofiber Wetting using AFM
Authors: Li Shuangwu , Barber Asa H.
Published: January 2012

The surface of polymer nanofibers plays a significant role in many applications thus measurement of their surface properties is essential but challenging due to their relatively small size. This study details AFM wetting tests for individual electrospun Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) nanofibers in order to measure their polar and dispersive surface free energy components. Individual electrospun PVA nanofibers have been immersed and removed from three different low vapor pressure liquids using AFM. The polymer nanofiber-liquid interactions can be monitored by AFM and accurate measurements of contact angle between liquids and the nanofiber surface can be made. These wetting data were used to produce Owens-Wendt plot giving the dispersive and polar components of the nanofiber surface. Results are compared with bulk polymer films to conclude how the surface properties of electrospun polymer nanofibers are different from bulk polymer material.
Gels for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Baglioni Piero , Berti Debora , Bonini Massimo , Carretti Emiliano , Del Carmen Casas Perez Maria , Chelazzi David , Dei Luigi , Fratini Emiliano , Giorgi Rodorico , Natali Irene , Arroyo. Marcia Carolina
Published: January 2012

The consolidation of a pictorial surface or the removal of undesired material from the surface of an artifact, are the most important and delicate operations in the conservation of cultural heritage. In this contribution we report on the synthesis and characterization of two innovative systems for the cleaning of works of art: i) highly viscous polymeric dispersions (HVPDs) of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) random copolymer (PVAc), and ii) chemical gels from acrylamide - N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide, loaded with innovative aqueous cleaning systems. These systems were prepared, characterized and tested over artistic surfaces, such as wood and canvas. Rheology and FTIR spectroscopy allowed the characterization of the materials, and provided evidence that the systems allow an efficient cleaning of the substrates, without leaving residues.
Introduction to the Review Symposium - Decolonizations
Authors: Bhogal Balbinder
Published: January 2012

Here follows a general introduction to this special issue of RoSA, which takes the form of a Review Forum discussing Arvind-Pal S. Mandair’s Religion and the Specter of the West: Sikhism, India, Postcoloniality, and the Politics of Translation (hereafter RSW), published in 2009 by Columbia University Press.
Heterological Alternatives in the History of Religions
Authors: Rennie Bryan
Published: January 2012

This review discusses Arvind-Pal S. Mandair’s Religion and the Specter of the West: Sikhism, India, Postcoloniality, and the Politics of Translation (hereafter RSW), published in 2009 by Columbia University Press.
El rol de la usabilidad percibida sobre la confianza en las subastas online
Authors: Torres-Moraga Eduardo , Barra Cristobal
Published: January 2012

Si bien se ha considerado que la usabilidad del sitio presente estudio se lleva a cabo en el caso particular web es una de las variables clave en la formación de de los sitios de subastas por Internet, que representan la confianza de los usuarios, esta relación no ha sido un mercado creciente y en auge entre los servicios a profundamente analizada respecto a su efecto directo través de Internet en Latinoamérica. Luego de probar la o mediado. Dentro de este contexto, se propone que la unidimensionalidad, fiabilidad y validez de las escalas usabilidad influye sobre la confianza, pero no de ma-de medida, se contrastan las hipótesis a través de un nera directa, sino más bien a través de la satisfacción, modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y una estrategia de con esta última actuando como variable mediadora. El modelos rivales.
Formação inicial de professores de ciências na austrália, brasil e canadá: uma análise exploratória
Authors: Garcia Paulo Sérgio , Fazio Xavier , Panizzon Debra
Published: January 2012

A principal justificativa para estudos comparativos em Educação é a promoção de um entendimento regional, local, por meio de análises e cooperação internacional. Na área do ensino de ciências, existem poucas investigações na formação de professores numa perspectiva internacional. Baseado nessa perspectiva, este artigo vem contribuir mostrando uma análise comparativa dos programas de formação de professores de ciências para o Ensino Fundamental em três diferentes contextos: Austrália, Brasil e Canadá. Apresenta-se uma análise qualitativa das similaridades e diferenças por meio da comparação da política de certificação de professores de ciências e das exigências das instituições formadoras numa específica jurisdição de cada país. Por meio dessa análise, identifica-se um número coerente de similaridades, destacando-se os mecanismos de funcionamento e as estruturas comuns que dão suporte aos programas de formação nas três realidades estudadas. Os resultados apresentados são importantes para futuros estudos comparativos na formação de professores de ciências.
El descenso de las actitudes hacia la ciencia de chicos y chicas en la educación obligatoria
Authors: Vázquez-Alonso Ângel , Manassero-Mas María Antonia
Published: January 2012

Este estudio analiza empíricamente las actitudes relacionadas con la ciencia a través de tres dimensiones (imagen de la ciencia y la tecnología, ciencia escolar y preservación del medio ambiente), por sexo y edad, en una muestra de estudiantes españoles desde cuarto grado en adelante. La evolución de las actitudes hacia la ciencia escolar con el tiempo exhiben un perfil común de fuerte descenso global (son más positivas en los primeros grados de la escuela y van disminuyendo al aumentar la edad). Las actitudes hacia la ciencia escolar exhiben un gran descenso con la edad, mientras la imagen de la ciencia o el medio ambiente no están tan deterioradas; según el sexo, chicos y chicas exhiben patrones de descenso diferenciados. Se discuten algunas implicaciones de los resultados para la educación científica en la escuela y las vocaciones científicas, así como las limitaciones del estudio.
A discussão de controvérsias sociocientíficas na formação de professores
Authors: Galvão Cecília , Reis Pedro , Freire Sofia
Published: January 2012

A promoção da compreensão da natureza da ciência constitui um dos eixos fundamentais dos currículos de ciências actuais, procurando que os alunos entendam a produção do conhecimento científico e tomem decisões sobre assuntos de base científica com impacto directo na sua vida. Contudo, a investigação demonstra que os professores não integram esta vertente no seu ensino, comprometendo as aprendizagens dos alunos sobre esta temática. Num outro sentido, a investigação atribui potencialidades à discussão de assuntos sociocientíficos controversos na escola na construção de uma imagem de ciência mais real. Com este estudo, pretende-se compreender como é que um conjunto de 29 professores-formandos, de um mestrado em Educação, avalia as potencialidades deste tipo de metodologia. Apesar das avaliações bastante positivas, constata-se a necessidade de continuar a apoiar estes professores na implementação destas actividades com os seus alunos de modo a desenvolverem o conhecimento necessário à sua implementação.
A new species of Bryconops (Teleostei: Characidae) from the rio Madeira basin, Northern Brazil
Authors: Wingert Juliana M. , Malabarba Luiz R.
Published: January 2012

A new species of Bryconops is described from a tributary to the rio Madeira in the Amazon basin, State of Rondônia, Brazil. Bryconops piracolina belongs to the subgenus Bryconops by having no teeth or rarely one tooth in the maxilla, and a naked area on cheek between the second and third infraorbitals. The new species is distinguished from all species of this subgenus by the presence of a large black blotch on dorsal-fin base. Furthermore, it is distinguished from all congeners, except B. inpai, by possessing the adipose fin entirely black. It differs from B. inpai by the lack of humeral spots. It further differs from all species of the subgenus Bryconops, except B. caudomaculatus, by having the last scales of the longitudinal series of scales that bears the lateral line series not pored beyond the end of the hypural plate, and differs from B. caudomaculatus by the smaller number of pored lateral line scales (31-36, mean 34.6, vs. 37-43, mean = 40.6, respectively).
Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, PR, Brazil
Authors: Franciele Rossandra Piassa , Araújo Jacqueline Baptista de , Rosa Ronaldo César da , Mattei Rodrigo José , Silva Rodrigo Costa da , Langoni Helio , Silva Aristeu Vieira da
Published: January 2012

Toxoplasma gondii infection has been diagnosed in pigs all over the world. Economical losses are generally related to reproductive disorders. Toxoplasma infection is also a matter of public health because tissue cysts of the parasite may remain in pork and pork products, and become sources of human infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, in the State of Paraná, Brazil which includes the cities of Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, Sao José das Palmeiras and Sao Pedro do Iguaçu. Relative frequency of infection was 13.4%, independently of the type of farm. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with infection: absence of workers exclusive for each area of the farm, access of other animals to feeders and drinkers, lack of lids in drinkers, lack of rodent control measures, mean piglet number and weight at weaning per female.
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the reproductive system of male goats
Authors: Santana Luís Fernando , Costa Alvimar José da , Pieroni Juliana , Lopes Welber Daniel Zanetti , Santos Ricardo Silva , Oliveira Gilson Pereira de , Mendonça Rafael Paranhos de , Sakamoto Cláudio Alessandro Massamitsu
Published: January 2012

Male goats of mating age serologically negative for Toxoplasma gondii were divided into three groups: GI - controls (placebo) (n = 2); GII - infected with 1 × 10(6) tachyzoites (RH strains) (n = 2); and GIII - infected with 2 × 10(5) oocysts (P strains) (n = 2). Clinical, hematology, parasite and serology tests and studies of parasites in the semen through bioassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in reproductive organs (bioassay) were performed to assess toxoplasma infection. Serological titers peaked at 4096 in two animal groups infected with the protozoan. The bioassays allowed an early detection of protozoa in semen samples of tachyzoite-inoculated animals. T. gondii DNA was identified through PCR in the semen in five (Days 5, 7, 28, 49, and 70) and two (both at day 56) different days post-inoculation in GII and GIII animals, respectively. It was also possible to detect T. gondii DNA in reproductive organs (prostate pool, testicles, seminal vesicle and epididymis) of goats inoculated with either tachyzoites or oocysts. The present study suggests the possibility of venereal transmission of T. gondii among goats and it should be further assessed.
Amblyomma aureolatum (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing margay (Leopardus wiedii) in Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Martins João Ricardo , Reck Jr José , Doyle Rovaina Laureano , Cruz Nadine Louise Nicolau da , Vieira Anelise Webster de Moura , Souza Ugo Araújo
Published: January 2012

We report the finding of Amblyomma aureolatum (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing margay (Leopardus wiedii) in the locality of Gravataí (29º 47' 12.9'' S and 50º 53' 44.1'' W; 241 m alt.), State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. This is the first report of this species of Ixodidae on margay in Southern Brazil. This finding indicates an increased number of hosts for this tick species.
Phthiraptera (Arthropoda, Insecta) in Gallus gallus from isolated and mixed backyard rearing systems
Authors: Santos Ana Clara Gomes dos , Rodrigues Albério Lopes , Santos Sandra Batista dos , Lima Roberto César Araújo , Guerra Rita de Maria Seabra Nogueira de Candanedo
Published: January 2012

The objectives were to identify the species of chewing lice (Mallophaga) at different body sites in chickens (Gallus gallus), in isolated and mixed rearing systems, and to determine the dynamics and structure of the louse populations collected. The prevalences were 100 and 35% for chickens in the isolated and mixed systems, respectively. The species recorded were: Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae and Lipeurus caponis. The chickens in the isolated system presented more lice than did the ones in the mixed system. The most prevalent species were M. gallinae (30.58 and 62.31%) and L. caponis (29.12 and 14.49%), in the isolated and mixed systems, respectively. The preferential sites of parasitism were the dorsum, venter and wings among the chickens in the isolated system, while among the ones in the mixed system, the preferential sites were the dorsum and venter. The mean intensity of infestation in the isolated system was 111.4 for males and 19.1 for females, while in the mixed system it was 80 for males and 6.75 for females. The amplitudes of the infestation were 1-226 for males and 1-22 for females in the isolated system, while in the mixed system, the amplitudes were 1-111 and 1-8, respectively. It can be concluded that chickens reared in the isolated system harbor a greater number of lice than do chickens in the mixed system. However, the kind of rearing system does not prevent louse infestations.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., spatial clustering and patterns of shedding in dairy calves from Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Tiranti Karina , Larriestra Alejandro , Vissio Claudina , Picco Natalia , Alustiza Fabrisio , Degioanni Americo , Vivas Adriana
Published: January 2012

The objectives of this study were to estimate calf and herd prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp., the herd prevalence clustering, spatial distribution according to soil type and shedding patterns in dairy calves from Cordoba, Argentina. Six hundred twenty calves younger than 7 weeks of age from 43 dairy herds were sampled. Samples were processed with the formol-ether and modified Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Univariate analysis and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used. Factors associated were subjected to multivariate analysis with calf shedding intensity as the response variable. Clustering of herd prevalence was assessed by a scan method, and spatial analysis was applied to explore the overlapping of high prevalence herds and soil type. Overall calf prevalence for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts were 19.35% (95% CI: 16.14; 22.54) and 34.50% (95% CI: 30.69; 38.34), respectively. Calves younger than two weeks of age were almost four times more likely to be infected with Cryptosporidium, in comparison to older ones (RR: 3.78, 95% CI: 2.27; 6.26). Giardia spp. shedding showed a similar age pattern (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02; 1.75). A primary cluster of high Cryptosporidium prevalence was found, and high prevalence herds were located in areas with poor drained soil.
Tissue alterations in the pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, infected by Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda)
Authors: Menezes Rodrigo Caldas , Santos Sonia Maria Cursino dos , Ceccarelli Paulo Sérgio , Tavares Luiz Eduardo Roland , Tortelly Rogério , Luque José Luis
Published: January 2012

Five specimens of Arapaima gigas caught in the Araguaia River (State of Mato Grosso, Brazil) were investigated for helminths in 2004. Numerous adult specimens of the rhapidascarid nematode Goezia spinulosa were found in stomach ulcers in all the specimens of A. gigas and were surrounded by thickening of the mucosa. The gastric glands of all the fish were necrotic and there was a severe and diffuse inflammatory reaction composed of eosinophils (which were predominant), lymphocytes and rare macrophages in the mucosa, submucosa and muscle layer. This is the first report of tissue lesion occurrences in this host, in the presence of G. spinulosa, and it confirms the high pathogenicity of this parasite species.
Molecular detection of Hepatozoon canis and Babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs from Cuiabá, Brazil
Authors: Spolidorio Mariana Granziera , Torres Mariana de Medeiros , Campos Wilma Neres da Silva , Melo Andréia Lima Tomé , Igarashi Michelle , Amude Alexandre Mendes , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Aguiar Daniel Moura
Published: January 2012

The objective of this study was to report for the first time infection by Hepatozoon spp. and Babesia spp. in 10 dogs from the city of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, central-western Brazil. A pair of primers that amplifies a 574 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA of Hepatozoon spp., and a pair of primers that amplifies a 551 bp fragment of the gene 18S rRNA for Babesia spp. were used. Six dogs were positive for Babesia spp., and 9 were positive for Hepatozoon spp. Co-infection of Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. was seen in 5 dogs. Sequenced samples revealed 100% identity with B. canis vogeli, and H. canis. This is the first molecular detection of H. canis in domestic dogs from Cuiabá. Additionally, it is described for the first time the presence of B. canis vogeli circulating among dogs in Cuiabá.
A critical review of the UK household WEEE collection network
Authors: Ongondo Francis O. , Williams Ian D.
Published: January 2012

Waste electrical and electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing UK waste streams. The UK waste electrical and electronic equipment regulations prioritise waste prevention, reuse, recycling and recovery to minimise disposal of electronic products in landfill. This paper evaluates and discusses the UK collection network for household waste electrical and electronic equipment by analysing the operations of key stakeholders. The paper discusses the amount of wastes collected, how it is handled and processed. In UK urban areas, there are adequate facilities for the collection of unwanted appliances. In 2009, the UK surpassed collection targets for electrical and electronic wastes; by weight, the bulk of these were large household appliances, cooling appliances and display equipment. The majority of the collected waste was recycled with minor fractions reused. The core logistical problem facing the network is insufficient storage space for collecting unwanted appliances. The paper makes recommendations for consideration by policy- and strategy-makers in their appraisal of the collection network.
Differentiation of Blossom Honey and Honeydew Honey from Northwest Spain
Authors: Olga Escuredo , María Fernández-González , Carmen Seijo María
Published: January 2012

The knowledge of important parameters for honey characterization is an increasing requirement of consumers and the honey industry. In this respect, differentiation between blossom honeys and some honeydew honeys is still an unresolved task. This study includes the results of physicochemical and melissopalynological analysis of 86 honey samples from north-western Spain. The relationship between the microscopic elements in honey, such as Metschnikowia cells and fungal spores from plant pathogens, together with their physicochemical parameters were analysed. A cluster analysis was performed to differentiate blossom honey samples from honeydew samples. Metschnikowia cells and certain fungal spores were found to be good variables to enable differentiation between blossom honeys and honeydew honeys.
Key skills by design: adapting a central Web resource to departmental contexts
Authors: McAvinia Claire
Published: January 2012

Web-based delivery of support materials for students has proved to be a popular way of helping small teams to implement key skills policies within universities. The development of 'key' or 'transferable' skills is now encouraged throughout education, but resources (both in terms of staffing and budget) tend to be limited. It is difficult for key skills teams to see learners face to face, and not feasible to print or distribute large amounts of paper-based material. Web-based delivery presents a means of overcoming these problems but it can result in generic study skills material simply being published online without due consideration of the needs of different groups of learners within different subject disciplines. Therefore, although a centralized Website for skills provision can overcome logistical problems, it may be perceived as irrelevant or unusable by the student population. This paper presents a model for Web-based delivery of support for key skills which incorporates two separate approaches to the design of these resources. The model was implemented as part of a wider key skills pilot project at University College London, over a period of one year. It includes a 'core' Website, containing information and resources for staff and students. These can also be accessed via customized, departmental key skills homepages. This paper presents the basis for the design choices made in preparing these materials, and the evaluation of some of the pilot departments using them. It then draws some wider conclusions about the effectiveness of this design for supporting skills development.DOI:10.1080/0968776020100104
Using Web-based support for campus-based open learning: lessons from a study in dental public health
Authors: Holt Ruth , Oliver Martin , McAvinia Claire
Published: January 2012

There has been much written about the use of the Web in higher education, much of which advocates its use as an effective way of supporting learning, particularly in terms of the desirability of features such as flexibility and the value of online discussions. In this paper, a case study is described which calls some of this received wisdom into question. The study also explores wider issues of curriculum design, particularly in terms of the role of assessment and of self-assessment, both of which played a crucial role in the course. Unlike many studies, then, the purpose of this paper is not to demonstrate the success of a particular approach or to advocate particular forms of practice, but instead to highlight the shortcomings of existing guidelines for curriculum development in this area. This suggests that further inquiry into this form of education is required — and in particular, inquiry that pays detailed attention to the backgrounds of learners, and involves close study of their experiences.DOI:10.1080/0968776020100206
Tools for negotiating meaning
Authors: Seale Jane
Published: January 2012

In this issue of ALT-J we have seven articles that explore how we as learning technologists can use a variety of tools to explore, evaluate, develop and understand our practice and experience. These tools include concepts, theories, symbols and metaphors and are used to:DOI: 10.1080/0968776042000216174
The personal created through dialogue: enhancing possibilities through the use of new media
Authors: Clegg Sue , Hudson Alison , Mitchell Andy
Published: January 2012

This paper explores the relationships between a number of different developments in higher education pedagogy, which are subsumed under the broad heading of progress files. The overall concern of the paper is to explore the ways in which personal reflection and learning is enhanced through dialogue. The paper explores the ways learners engage in dialogue in two environments that use different aspects of digital technologies to support the development of portfolios. The findings from the case studies point to the ways in which different technologies facilitated personal reflection mediated through sharing and dialogue. We develop the idea of affordances as a relationship whereby the learner is involved in a purposeful engagement with the possibilities created by their environment. The affordance of digitised technologies in supporting dialogue is, therefore, conceptualised in relation to the characteristics of the learner, not as a simple technology relation.DOI: 10.1080/0968776042000339763
Accessibility and adaptability of learning objects: responding to metadata, learning patterns and profiles of needs and preferences
Authors: Green Steve , Jones Ray , Pearson Elaine , Gkatzidou Stavroula
Published: January 2012

The case for learning patterns as a design method for accessible and adaptable learning objects is explored. Patterns and templates for the design of learning objects can be derived from successful existing learning resources. These patterns can then be reused in the design of new learning objects. We argue that by attending to criteria for reuse in the definition of these patterns and in the subsequent design of new learning objects, those new resources can be themselves reusable and also adaptable to different learning contexts. Finally, if the patterns identified can be implemented as templates for standard authoring tools, the design of effective, reusable and adaptable resources can be made available to those with limited skills in multimedia authoring and result in learning resources that are more widely accessible.DOI: 10.1080/09687760500479811
Implementing a university e-learning strategy: levers for change within academic schools
Authors: Sharpe Rhona , Benfield Greg , Francis Richard
Published: January 2012

This paper describes the implementation of an e-learning strategy at a single higher education institution in terms of the levers used to promote effective uptake and ensure sustainable embedding. The focus of this work was at the level of the academic school using a range of change practices including the appointment of school-based learning technologists and e-learning champions, supporting schools to write their own strategies, a pedagogical framework of engaging with e-learning, and curriculum development and evaluation of school-supported projects. It is clear that the implementation of the e-learning strategy has led to a large and increasing proportion of our students experiencing blended learning. In addition, there are initial indications that this has enhanced some learning and teaching processes. Where there has been sustainable embedding of effective e-learning, the following levers were identified as particularly important: flexibility in practices that allow schools to contextualise their plans for change, the facilitation of communities of key staff and creating opportunities for staff to voice and challenge their beliefs about e-learning.DOI: 10.1080/09687760600668503
The university student experience of face-to-face and online discussions: coherence, reflection and meaning
Authors: Ellis Robert A. , Goodyear Peter , O’Hara Agi , Prosser Michael
Published: January 2012

This paper reports on an investigation into learning through discussions by undergraduate social work students. Second-year students studying psychology for social work experienced discussions began with face-to-face tutorials, and then continued for some time after online. This study used closed-ended questionnaires to investigate what students thought they were learning through discussions (their concepts), and how they engaged in the discussions face-to-face and online (their approaches). Significant associations were found among students’ concepts of discussions, approaches and levels of achievement. The results suggest that students who do not understand how discussions can help them to interrogate, reflect on and revise their ideas tended not to approach either face-to-face or online discussions in ways likely to improve their understanding or their levels of achievement. This type of insight is critical for teacher/designers wishing to create university experiences in which discussion is used to promote learning.DOI: 10.1080/09687760601130057
A virtual laboratory system for physiology teaching
Authors: Brindle Geoff , Mitchell William , Seal Len , Bohme KArl
Published: January 2012

There exist a number of areas in the teaching of physiology which potentially lend themselves to a Computer-Based Learning approach. One such area which has been explored at Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) and elsewhere (Dewhurst, 1993; Kwan, 1993) is the use of multimedia tools to simulate aspects of experiments traditionally performed on animals. The use of real animal specimens (for example, frogs or rats) for dissection and experimentation is both costly and contrary to the ethics of some students.DOI:10.1080/0968776950030108
A STILE Project case study: the evaluation of a computer-based visual key for fossil identification
Authors: Underwood Jean , Dahlberg Arne , FitzPatrick Simon , Greenwood Malcolm
Published: January 2012

The STILE Project (Students' and Teachers' Integrated Learning Environment) is one of 76 projects set up under the UK Government's Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (TLTP) initiative sponsored by the British Higher Education Funding Councils (HEFCs). The STILE Project uses hypermedia to provide greater opportunities for independent and flexible modes of learning both in a campus situation and for distance learning. The approach is resource-based. STILE provides a mechanism for both tutors and learners to discover and access relevant resources when they need them, together with facilities that enable users readily to use and re-use existing materials, to integrate them together, and to add further materials of their own in a way that seems natural to them (see Ruggles et al, 1995). The result is not a closed and finished product,but a set of tools and services and a continually developing resource base. The effect is to ease the load on academic staff in maintaining and supporting student access to resources, and to enrich the set of resources available to both staff and students.DOI:10.1080/0968776960040205
A computer-aided continuous assessment system
Authors: Turton B. C.H.
Published: January 2012

Universities within the United Kingdom have had to cope with a massive expansion in undergraduate student numbers over the last five years (Committee of Scottish University Principals, 1993; CVCP Briefing Note, 1994). In addition, there has been a move towards modularization and a closer monitoring of a student's progress throughout the year. Since the price/performance ratio of computer systems has continued to improve, Computer- Assisted Learning (CAL) has become an attractive option. (Fry, 1990; Benford et al, 1994; Laurillard et al, 1994). To this end, the Universities Funding Council (UFQ has funded the Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (TLTP). However universities also have a duty to assess as well as to teach. This paper describes a Computer-Aided Assessment (CAA) system capable of assisting in grading students and providing feedback. In this particular case, a continuously assessed course (Low-Level Languages) of over 100 students is considered. Typically, three man-days are required to mark one assessed piece of coursework from the students in this class. Any feedback on how the questions were dealt with by the student are of necessity brief. Most of the feedback is provided in a tutorial session that covers the pitfalls encountered by the majority of the students.DOI:10.1080/0968776960040206
Learning styles and courseware design
Authors: Valley Karen
Published: January 2012

As the use of technology to support teaching and learning becomes more widespread, the need to make learning with computers more effective becomes more important. The accommodation of individual learning styles is often regarded as a way of increasing learning effectiveness. The idea that we can classify a learner and then employ methods and activities that match the way they prefer to learn is an attractive one. The main goal of this paper is to examine how software for teaching and learning (courseware) can accommodate differences in preferred learning style.DOI:10.1080/0968776970050205
From the sage on the stage to what exactly? Description and the place of the moderator in co-operative and collaborative learning
Authors: Jones Chris
Published: January 2012

In a standard text on open and distance learning, computer conferencing appears with advantages and disadvantages that rely on the capacity of the conference to 'facilitate' students and staff working together (Mason, 1994). Co-operation or collaboration are seen as unproblematic outcomes of the use of the computer conference. Hiltz noted that collaboration is both technically facilitated and becomes a moral requirement that involves a respecification of the teacher's role (Hiltz and Benbunan-Fich, 1997, p. 1). The outlook that associates collaborative learning with computer conferencing can be found throughout a wide range of literature (Mason and Kaye, 1989; Harasim, 1990; Kaye, 1992; McConnell, 1994; Harasim et al., 1995; O'Malley, 1995; Jonassen, 1996).DOI: 10.1080/0968776990070204
Learning networks and communication skills
Authors: Musselbrook Kerry , McAteer Erica , Crook Charles , Macleod Hamish , Tolmie Andy
Published: January 2012

The increase in student numbers in further and higher education over the last decade has been dramatic, placing greater pressures on academic staff in terms of contact hours. At the same time public funding of universities has decreased. Furthermore, the current pace of technological innovation and change and the fact that there are fewer jobs for life with clear pathways for progression mean that more of us need to be engaged in learning throughout our lives in order to remain competitive in the job-market. That is the reality of lifelong learning. Students are consequently demanding (especially as they are having to meet more of the costs of education themselves) a more flexible learning framework. This framework should be able to accommodate all types of learners - part-time, mature, remote and disabled students. The revised Disability Discrimination Act, which came into force in October 1999, only temporarily excludes education from its remit and has already challenged university practices. (Another JlSC-funded initiative, Disability Information Systems in Higher Education, addresses just this issue: http://www.disinhe.ac.uk.) All this is set against a backdrop of the government's stated vision for a more inclusive, less elitist education system with opportunities for all, and the requirement for a professional and accountable community of university teachers.DOI:10.1080/0968776000080108
Evaluating learning and teaching technologies in further education
Authors: Jones Ann , Barnard Jane , Calder Judith , Scanlon Eileen , Thompson Julie
Published: January 2012

There is currently an unprecedented interest in the use of technologies for supporting teaching and learning. In post-compulsory education, the current Government's commitment to increasing access to Lifelong Learning is expressed through a number of initiatives that also affect the further education (FE) sector. For example, in The Learning Age: A Renaissance for a New Britain (Stationery Office, 1998) the government outlines its proposal to expand the scale, scope and nature of both further and higher education. The Learning Age follows a number of such government papers that emphasize the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) or Information and Learning Technologies (ILTs) in FE and HE.DOI:10.1080/0968776000080307
On Anomalous Time-Distance Curves Observed in Local Earthquakes
Authors: Nishimura Euchi , Mikumo Takeshi , Otsuka Michio
Published: January 2012

The precise observations of local earthquakes were carried out in Wakayama District, Japan, for the purpose of studying the crustal structure and the nature of local shocks.

The travel-time anomalies were detected, and the anomalous time-distance curves were separable into two groups which seemed to be related with the directions of the initial motion of shocks recorded at their respective stations. The causes of the travel-time anomalies may reasonably be attributed to the condition of the hypocentre and mechanism of earthquake occurrence.
Annual Deposition of Cosmic Ray Produced Be? at Equatorial Latitudes
Authors: Thor Rama , Zutshi P. K.
Published: January 2012

The concentration of cosmic ray produced Be7 in rain water has been measured at two stations in the equatorial latitudes. Its rate of deposition at the earth’s surface has been estimated to be about 5 × 105 atoms cm-2 yr-1 and the deposited quantity seems to be independent of latitude.
Some Aspects of Antarctic Geophysics
Authors: Wexler H.
Published: January 2012

This paper is concerned mostly with the Antarctic Ice Sheet-first, the time required for the ice to build up to its present mass; second, its resent budget in terms of annual import and export; and third, its important role in the manufacture of cold air.
The Microstructure and Colloidal Stability of Warm Clouds: Part II - The Causes of the Variations in Microstructure
Authors: Squires P.
Published: January 2012

An attempt is made to explore the causes of the differences in microstructure between the Hawaiian orographic cloud, maritime cumuli and continental cumuli, observations on which were discussed in Part I of this series.