bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Conventional High Flow Oxygen Therapy Compared to Conservative Oxygen Therapy in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates
Authors: Afrin Manifa , Shirin Mahfuza , Hossain Mohammad Monir
Published: June 2022

Background: Mechanically ventilated neonates are usually exposed to high oxygen therapy and due to common clinical practice and lack of knowledge about the target and optimum dose & duration of oxygen administration hyperoxia occurs frequently. The study was done to compare the effect between conventional high flow and conservative oxygen therapy.
Materials & Methods: A prospective study was done in Dhaka Shishu Hospital NICU from July 2013 to June 2014 and enrolled those were underwent invasive mechanical ventilation. Ventilator settings, FiO2 and SpO2 were recorded for the first 48 hours. The comparison of conventional high FiO2 (> 0.7-1.0) and conservative FiO2(< 0.7) therapy was assessed by SpO2, PaO2, PaO2/ FiO2 ratio and lung injury score within 48 hours of exposure and was analyzed.
Results: Among total 40 cases 30/40(75%) were exposed to conventional high FiO2. After invasive mechanical ventilation, there was improvement of SpO2 in both group (76.7% vs 70%) but there was no significant difference in between conventional high FiO2 implementation and conservative group(P=0.67). PaO2/ FiO2 ratio also improved after ventilation (145.17 vs 328.40, P=0.013) in both groups but indicate lung injury in conventional high FiO2 group. After invasive mechanical ventilation 53% (16/30) patients were suffering from acute lung injury(ALI) & acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high exposure of FiO2 (>0.7-1) and only 40% (4/10) patient developed ALI & ARDS in low exposure group (FiO2<0.7).
Conclusions: Conventional high FiO2 or liberal O2 therapy in mechanically ventilated neonates improves SpO2 but conventional high FiO2 may causes iatrogenic lung injury.
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 19-24
X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) Associated with Progressive Neurodegenerative Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Jahan Ismat , Islam Mohammad Imnul , Monami Kanij Fatema , Rahman Shahana A
Published: June 2022

Primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDs) are not an uncommon entity, but the diagnosis is often delayed or even missed due to lack of awareness. Central nervous system involvements due to various reasons are documented in patients with PIDs. This case report describes a 10- year old boy, diagnosed as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) who developed progressive encephalopathy. He had severe cognitive impairment along with cerebellar and pyramidal dysfunction. MRI of the brain showed generalized cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Therefore, this boy was diagnosed as a case of XLA with progressive neurodegenerative syndrome.

BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 55-58
Clinical Utility of Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Management of High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HSIL)
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Khatun Sabera , Ashrafunnessa - , Chowdhury Shiuly , Begum Ferdousy , Akter Latifa , Khan Jawad Mahruj
Published: June 2022

Objective of the study: The increasing inter- and intra-observer variability in the diagnosis of CIN by histopathology has led to the advent of different biomarkers. The aim of this study is to evaluate Ki-67 and p16 INK4a marker in differentiating CIN lesions and the clinical utility of it in the management of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study has been carried out among the biopsy proved cases of CIN2 and CIN3 in which P16 and Ki-67 immunostain was performed in the Colposcopy clinic, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Department of Pathology, BSMMU respectively from 14-3-17 to 30-05-18. Thirty-two cases were incorporated in the study by purposive sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.

Results: Among 32 cases of HSIL, 25 were diagnosed as CIN 2 (78.13 %) and 7 cases as CIN 3 (21.87 %) by histopathology. All the cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry with P16 and Ki 67. Regarding the status of P16, it was found positive only in 32% cases of CIN 2 but in 100% cases of CIN 3. Similarly, Ki67 was found positive in 36 % of CIN2 cases but in all cases of CIN 3 lesions. Thus immunostain confirmed one third histopathologically diagnosed CIN 2 cases. On the other hand, all cases of CIN 3 were confirmed as HSIL with the immunostain. All the cases of CIN 2 were reviewed for consensus opinion. Only 8 (32%) cases of CIN 2 were both immunostain positive , the review diagnosis by consensus opinion was also CIN 2 in those cases. One case (4%) of CIN 2 was P16 negative but Ki 67 positive, which ultimately revealed as immature squamous metaplasia. Sixteen cases of CIN 2 were negative for both P16 and Ki 67. Among these, majority cases (52%) , consensus opinion revealed as CIN 1 and 12% cases as immature squamous metaplasia. Therefore, an HSIL diagnosed by histopathology could be false positive in a significant number of cases and overtreatment of a false positive CIN 2 lesion can affect future reproductive status, also have some psychological consequences and economic burden in the health sector.

Conclusion: By using the biomarkers, overtreatment and undertreatment of CIN can be avoided. All cases of CIN 2 should be carefully dealt with either review of the slides by consensus opinion or by doing immunohistochemistry if facility is available.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 79-86
Association of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Begum Nasima , Yousuf Nusrat Ara , Farooq Md Shamim , Chowdhury Md Abul Kalam , Ferdous Menoka
Published: June 2022

Objective: To find out association between impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) admitted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SSMC Mitford Hospital and BSMMU Dhaka over a period of 2 years from July 2008 to June 2010.

Result: A total of 100 subjects, 50 cases and 50 controls were consecutively included in the study. The mean insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose 2 hours after 75 gm of glucose were observed to be significantly higher in cases than in controls (26.7+8.4 vs. 18.8+7.5 micro IU /ml, p<0.001) The prevalence of insulin resistance ,impaired fasting serum glucose and impaired glucose 2 hours after 75 gm of glucose also higher among study group compared to control group (70% vs. 12%;44% vs. 10% and 56% vs. 10 % respectively ).

Conclusion: Impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance are useful parameter for diagnosis of PCOS.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 93-98
Increasing trends in Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) with Bilateral Endometrioma from Adolescence till Menopause: Case Series
Authors: Bhatia Ruby , Kaur Naazbir , Mor Sunita , Jain Shivangi
Published: June 2022

Deep infiltrating endometriosis has varying clinical presentaions with certain diagnostic signs and symptoms. Bilateral endometriomas alongwith DIE has been observed in all the age groups in this series at more than 35 years of age.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2019; Vol. 34(2): 127-133
Menopause
Authors: Das Tripti Rani
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 1-2
Outcome of Septic Abortion –Experience from a Tertiary Referral Hospital
Authors: Alam Irin Parveen , Paul Shroddha Nibedita , Akhter Parul
Published: June 2022

Objective: Septic abortion is a life threatening complication of induced abortion. Being a tertiary referral hospital in Bangladesh, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital often deals with such cases of septic abortion. This research work was conducted with the aim of evaluation of frequency, complications and outcome of septic abortion in this institute.

Method: A cross sectional observational study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2016 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Bangladesh. All cases of septic abortion admitted in the department were included in the study.

Results: During one-year period total number of Gynaecological admission cases were 11,351, of which 1065 were abortion cases, among them 28 cases were diagnosed as septic abortion. The frequency of septic abortion thus was 2.6% of the abortion admitted cases. Age range of the patients was between 15 to 45years. Majority (60.71%) of the cases were grand multigravida, belonging to poor socioeconomic group (71%). Most of the patients (68%) came with haemorrhage. The most frequent method (50%) used for termination of pregnancy in this study was Menstrual Regulation (MR) in unhygienic environment. Mostly (57.14%) the patients were managed by evacuation and curettage. Laparotomy was also needed for the definitive management of two patients. Maternal mortality in this study group was one out of 28(3.7%).

Conclusion: Septic abortion contributes significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality. Proper use of contraceptives, avoidance of induced abortion in unhygienic condition can reduce the moribund consequences. In this study one maternal death among 28 septic abortion cases indicate proper standard of care of the hospital.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 3-6
Menstrual Phenotypes in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ishrat Shakeela , Hossain Marufa
Published: June 2022

Objective: To explore the menstrual phenotypes associated with endocrine, metabolic characteristics of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Materials and methods : The cross sectional study was carried out among 125 infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending Infertility wing of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2017 to December 2017. The women were evaluated by clinical history, examination, transvaginal sonogram and for endocrine and metabolic parameters. The women were divided into 5 groups according to their menstrual phenotypes: i) cycle length 21-35 days ii) oligomenorrhoea or cycle length > 35 days but less than 6 months iii) secondary amenorrhoea or cycle length ³6 months iv) polymenorrhoea or cycle length <21 days v) oligomenorrhoea alternating with polymenorrhea. One way ANOVA was used for analyzing the variance between groups. Categorical variables were analyzed for association by Fishers Exact Test and Chi Square tests where appropriate.

Results: A total of 125 women were recruited for the study. The women were divided into 5 groups according to their menstrual phenotype: i) cycle length 21-35 days (n=5) ii) oligomenorrhoea or cycle length > 35 days but less than 6 months (n=70) iii) secondary amenorrhoea or cycle length ³6 months (n=35) iv) polymenorrhoea or cycle length <21 days (n=2) v) oligomenorrhoea alternating with polymenorrhea (n=13). Accordingly the women with oligomenorroea with or without polymenorroea was most frequent (65%) followed by women with secondary amenorrhea (27%), regular cycle (0.04%) and isolated polymenorroea (0.01%). One way ANOVA revealed significant difference between groups in fasting insulin and serum testosterone level. There is significant association of oligomenorroea (with or without polymenorrhoea) with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ³2). There is significant association of secondary amenorrhoea with hyperinsulinaemia ( Fasting insulin ³10mIU/L) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ³2).

Conclusions: Menstrual history of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome can be a clinical marker of insulin resistance and related metabolic risk.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 32-36
Fertility-sparing Surgery (FSS) in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC): A Case Report
Authors: Khatun Shahla , Deeba Farzana , Alam ABM Muksudul , Ivy Roksana , Parveen Farhana
Published: June 2022

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and lethal ovarian cancer. Now a days Fertility preservation is an important issue because of the constant shifting of childbearing age towards higher ages. The increasing incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in women with active childbearing potential constitutes a therapeutic dilemma. Fertility sparing techniques are being increasingly incorporated in the therapeutic strategies in early stages of the disease. Established organ-preserving techniques in early stage epithelial ovarian cancer includes preservation of the contralateral ovary and uterus.

Aim: To report the case of a Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, who had conservative surgery followed by chemotherapy with a good fertility outcome.

Case presentation: A 31-year-old nulliparous woman with a right sided ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was treated by right adnexectomy and omentectomy followed by chemotherapy. A 3years follow-up showed no signs of relapse, and she completed a fullterm natural pregnancy which was delivered by caesarean section.

Conclusion: Fertility sparing surgery in early stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer has good prognosis. However, due to the rarity of the disease in early stages, the fertility outcome of this group of patients has not been established.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(1): 46-48
Anti-diabetic activity of Iphiona aucheri leaf extract
Authors: Shah Muhammad Abdur Rehman , Khan Rahmat Ali , Ahmed Mushtaq
Published: June 2022

The methanolic extract of Iphiona aucheri leaves and its n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous fractions were screened for phytochemicals, cytotoxic effects, total phenolic contents, antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. The methanolic extract was assessed for its in vivo anti-diabetic effects. The results indicated the presence of alkaloid, protein and amino acids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins along with the highest brine shrimp lethality (90.7 ± 1.8%), α-amylase inhibition (60.2%) and free radical scavenging properties. The diabetic control indicated a significant (p<0.05) decrease in weight and high-density lipoprotein and elevated level of blood glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, transaminases, and alkaline  phosphatase. All these changes were restored significantly (p<0.05) by treatment of diabetic rats with methanolic extract of I. aucheri. The results show the potential of I. aucheri as a source of therapeutic compounds against diabetic, hyperlipidemia and free radical associated disorders.
Mulberrofuran G inhibits proliferation and migration by inactivating JAK2/STAT3 signaling in lung cancer cells
Authors: Guo Hai-Yuan-Bo , Liu Xiao-Xiao , Zhu Xiao-Yong , Yu Zhe
Published: June 2022

The present study has investigated how mulberrofuran G affects prolifera-tion, invasion, and migration of the lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Four different concentrations of mulberrofuran G (1, 5, 10, and 100 μmol/L) were used to simulate human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells) and squamous-cell carcinoma (NCI-H226 cells). The results showed that mulberrofuran G significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of both A549 and NCI-H226 cells, with a dose-effect relationship. The IC50 inhibited the growth of A549 cells and NCI-H226 cells by mulberrofuran G were 22.5 and 30.6 μmol/L, respectively. It strengthened the expression of CDK4 and MMP9 but significantly weakened the expression of p27 in both A549 cells and NCI-H226 cells. Furthermore, the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 was significantly down-regulated in drug treatments. In conclusion, mulberrofuran G could inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells via inactivating JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
Application of selected components of “SPICES” model as teaching-learning method in pharmacology
Authors: Setu Mohosina Sultana , Rahman Md. Sayedur
Published: June 2022

This study was to compare the performance of the students (future pres-cribers) of four medical colleges using three modules on rational prescribing. Marks obtained (out of 35) in ‘student-centered learning’ approach in first and second assessment were 28.3 ± 3.4 and 23.7 ± 4.2 respectively, which is significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control (12.9 ± 6.4 and 10.0 ± 6.1). Marks obtained (out of 40) in ‘problem-based learning’ approach in first and second assessment were 38.2 ± 1.5 and 32.0 ± 2.4 respectively, which is significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control (23.2 ± 3.8 and 22.7 ± 2.4). Marks obtained (out of 40) in ‘integrated learning’ approach in first and second assessment were 32.0 ± 1.8 and 28.8 ± 2.0 respectively, which is significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control (20.9 ± 2.09 and 14.3 ± 3.7). Though the marks obtained in control and all three intervention groups in first assessment was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the second assessment. Thus, student-centered, problem based and integrated learning approaches are more effective than traditional method.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among the Forcibly Displaced Rohingya Population from Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Fayshal , Jahan Syeda Saberin , Amin Mohammad Nurul , Tasmin Sinthia , Halim Kazi Shafiqul , Nurunnabi Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN's) specially Rohingya population considered as a maltreated minority. They suffered physical brutality that consequences are physical, sexual and psychological trauma.  This community based cross-sectional study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence rate and associated factors of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the 363 adult Rohingyas in the Kutupalong and Nayapara refugee camps, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh by a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews during the study period of June 2018 to November 2018. Among the 363 study participants, 60.33% had probable PTSD. The prevalence of PTSD was found higher in female (64.7%) in comparison to male (53.52%) and a statistically significant association (P=0.03) found between sex and PTSD. Married people had a higher prevalence of PTSD (64.62%) in compared to unmarried people and a significant association (P=0.003) found with the presence of PTSD. The prevalence of PTSD was very high (72.55%) among the respondents those faced sexual exploitation. Among the exploitations related variables, having previous experience of sexual exploitations were found statistically significant associated (P=0.039) with PTSD. Hypertension had a statistically significant association (P=0.02) with PTSD and the prevalence of PTSD among Hypertensive patients was 71.79%. Probable PTSD was highly prevalent among the Rohingya population in Bangladesh. Measures should be taken by trained healthcare professionals and mental healthcare providers.

Bangladesh Med J. 2021 January; 50(1) : 39-45
Numerical study on the cavitation noise of marine skew propellers
Authors: Purwana Agung , Ariana I. Made , Wardhana Wisnu
Published: June 2022

In this study, numerical simulations on the noise of the underwater marine propeller for different pressures, skew angles, and performance conditions are investigated. The study has been carried out for the prediction of cavity and noise cavitation characteristics of the propeller. The blade sheet cavitation created by an underwater propeller is then evaluated using numerical analysis. The cavitation and cavity around marine propellers were predicted using MRF (Multiple Reference Frame) techniques. The simulation uses the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation with the turbulence model k-ω Shear Stress Transport and the Fast Fourier Transform. The FW-H equation is used to measure far-field radiation under various operating conditions. The simulation is carried out to present that the pressure and skew propeller angles have an effect on the form and area of the cavity, as well as cavitation noise. The noise characteristics at various positions of hydrophones and speeds of the marine propeller are presented. The 3D model of B-series marine propeller with D=250 mm, Z=4, P/D= 1.0, AE/AO=0.55, skew angles of 16, 35, 53, and 72 degrees at advance coefficient, J=0.221, is used for the simulation
A computational study on flow characteristics and energy distribution in a rotating coiled rectangular duct with longitudinal vortex generation
Authors: Chanda Ratan Kumar , Hasan Mohammad Sanjeed , Alam Md. Mahmud , Mondal Rabindra Nath
Published: June 2022

Investigation on fluid flow and energy distribution in a rotating coiled rectangular duct (CRD) with differentially heated horizontal walls has been analyzed numerically by using a spectral-based numerical scheme. The system is rotated around the vertical axis in the clockwise direction over the Taylor number (Tr) ranging from 0 to 2000 keeping the other parameters constant as aspect ratio Ar =3, curvature ratio BETA=0.5 the Dean number Dn = 1000 and the Prandtl number Pr = 7.0 (water). To reveal steady solution (SS) curves, we applied path continuation technique and obtained five asymmetric SS curves comprising with 2- to 8-pair cell. A bar diagram is also drawn to visualize, at a glance, longitudinal vortex generation on various curves of steady solutions. To explore unsteady behavior, time-progression analysis is performed and flow characteristics are precisely determined by obtaining phase space trajectory of the solutions. The transient flow demonstrates various stages of physically realizable solutions including chaotic, multi-periodic, periodic and steady-state; and it is found that the number of secondary vortices declines as Tr is increased. Convective heat transfer (CHT) is computed and the corresponding dependence on the flow stages is discussed accurately. Finally, a comparison has been made between the numerical computation and experimental investigations which shows a benchmark agreement.
Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication Using Dense Coding of Four Qubit Cluster States
Authors: Chauhan S. , Gupta N. L.
Published: June 2022

We are introducing an efficient bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol that employs the four qubit cluster states, creating a novel quantum channel based on dense coding between the transmitter and receiver. By dense coding, after a conventional announcement, two legitimate users can simultaneously exchange their messages. Two safety checking measures are taken to ensure safe transmission. Information leaking is not an issue in this protocol, and it is secure against some well-known eavesdropping assaults. It is also accessible with cutting-edge technology.
A Hybrid Approach of Preprocessing and Segmentation Techniques in Automatic Rice Variety Identification System
Authors: Komal  , Sethi G. K. , Bawa R. K.
Published: June 2022

Image processing techniques play an important role with various images such as rice grain identification, wheat, fruits, medical, vehicle, and digital text images in image acquisition, image preprocessing, clustering, segmentation, and classification techniques. In the application of object detection and classification images, preprocessing and segmentation techniques are used. This paper delves into the specifics of automated segmentation processes, focusing on rice variety identification and classification images. The aim is to talk about the issues that come up when segmenting digital images and the relative merits and drawbacks of the various methods for preprocessing and segmenting images that are currently available. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach of Preprocessing and Segmentation techniques to develop an automatic rice variety identification system.
Mechanical, Elastic and Thermal Properties of Hexagonal BC2N Superhard Material
Authors: Chaurasiya N. , Rai S. , Yadawa P. K.
Published: June 2022

The ultrasonic properties of the hexagonal BC2N superhard material were studied at temperature-dependent following the interaction potential model. Higher-order elastic constants are used for the determination of other ultrasonic parameters. The temperature variation of the ultrasonic velocities is evaluated along with different angles with z-axis (unique axis) of the crystal using the second-order elastic constants temperature variation of the thermal relaxation time, and Debye average velocities are also calculated along with the same orientation. The temperature dependency of the acoustic properties is discussed in correlation with elastic, thermal, and mechanical properties. It has been found that thermal conductivity and thermal energy density are the main contributors to the behavior of ultrasonic attenuation as a function of temperature. The responsible cause of attenuation is phonon-phonon interaction. Mechanical properties of BC2N superhard material at temperature 400K are better than at other temperatures because, at this temperature, it has low ultrasonic attenuation. Superhard material BC2N has many industrial and engineering applications.
Moral and Ethical Issues in Surgical Practice
Authors: Majid MA
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2017) Vol. 21 (2) : 59-60
Management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: dilema in diagnosis and management
Authors: Akhter Nasima , Lqbal Abu Khaled Mohammad , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Gupta Joydeep Datta , Alam ABM Khurshid
Published: June 2022

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare disease of the breast. Clinically and radiologically it may mimic breast carcinoma. To date, there is no agreed gold standard treatment for IGM. The clinical management often starts with tests to eliminate microbial infection and when microbial infection can be ruled out, long-term oral steroid treatment or surgery is administered.

Objective: To see the response of different treatment options of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.

Methods: This is a retrospective study involved 50 patients who were diagnosed with IGM and were treated in our institution between January 2009 to December 2016.

Results: The mean age of patients was 34.3 years. Breast lump was the most common presentation. The right breast was affected in 30 cases & left breast 20 cases. 4 patients were pregnant at the time of presentation. Lactation within 6 months of presentation was documented in 4patients.45 patients used contraceptives pills. A clinical suspicion of malignancy was present in 17 cases. Mammography was performed in 20 patients and showed focal asymmetrical dense lesions in 9, well-circumscribed opacity in 8, speculated lesion in 1, and was normal in 2. Fine-needle aspiration was performed in 40 patients. Wide local excision was the mainstay of treatment. One patient underwent mastectomy due to recurrence and the final histology confirmed idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with no evidence of malignancy. 12 patients developed recurrence after a mean follow-up of 31.2 months.

Conclusion: IGM is not so rare disease in our country. Clinical, radiologic, and even cytological findings are sometimes confused with malignancy. Adequate Surgical treatment as well as adjuvant therapeutic treatment are necessary. Knowledge, awareness and co-operation among surgeons and pathologist should also be strengthen to avoid unnecessary misdiagnosis and treatment.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2017) Vol. 21 (2): 89-93
Role of alvarado score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Md Fardhus - , Sharfuzzaman AMSM , Dewan Md Nayeem , Rab Joy Zakharia
Published: June 2022

Background: Appendicitis may be associated with morbidity and occasionally mortality. If failed to diagnose early, the situation may become more complicated.

Objective: To validate the role of Alvarado score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Methods: A total of 282 patients with clinically diagnosed acute appendicitis were included in this study. Patients were examined thoroughly, investigated and managed accordingly. The relevant data collected and analyzed. Results: Out of 282 patients, surgical procedures were performed in 59.57% of the patients. The overall negative Appendectomy rate was 9.52%, and the percentage of Positive Predictive Value (PPV) for Alvarado score was 92.26%.

Conclusion: Our study validates the Alvarado score as fast, simple and reliable diagnostic tool for acute appendicitis.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2017) Vol. 21 (2): 94-98
Comparison of outcome between traditional open haemorrhoidectomy and stapled haemorrhoidectomy operation
Authors: Shumi Farjana Haque , Ali Md Omar , Hossain Md Akram
Published: June 2022

Background: Haemorrhoidectomy is a surgical excision and removal of the hemorrhoid used primarily only in severe cases. There are many different types of haemorrhoidectomy like open haemorrhoidectomy and stapled haemorrhoidectomy.

Objective: To compare the outcome of stapled haemorrhoidectomy and traditional open haemorrhoidectomy. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 72 cases who underwent open and stapled haemorrhoidectomy operation for symptomatic 2nd, 3rd and 4th degree hemorrhoids. Binomial probability pre-posttest were used for statistical analysis, p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: : Among 72 patients, 34 patients of conventional haemorrhoidectomy and 38 of stapled haemorrhoidectomy at 3 months post-surgery in conventional group 1 patient was unsatisfied, 12 patients were satisfied and 4 patients stated their condition good. In stapled group 14 patients stated their condition excellent and 5 patients stated their condition good. Statistical analysis shows that level of satisfaction at 3 months post-surgery in conventional group and stapled group was statistically significant(p-value<.001).

Conclusion: Stapled haemorrhoidectomy is a relatively new procedure. Stapled haemorrhoidectomy is a safe procedure, less pain and disabled than the conventional haemorrhoidectomy.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2017) Vol. 21 (2): 99-104
Percuteneous Trans-Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC); Procedural Success and Immediate Results, an Experience from Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern Division of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mahbubur , Ghafur Shakil , Barman Rabindra Nath , Sarkar Haripada , Basunia Abu Zahid , Islam Md Hasanul , Mahmud Abdullah Al
Published: June 2022

Background: One of the ultimate grave consequences of rheumatic heart disease is mitral stenosis. Percutaneous trans-mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) has been practiced with good results in the world since Inoue introduced it in 1982.

Objective: The aim of this study was to audit the procedural success, in- hospital outcome in patients undergoing PTMC in our set up. Study Design: Observational cross sectional study. Place and Duration: The study was conducted in northern division of Bangladesh with the collaboration of department of cardiology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur & Zia Heart Foundation, Dinazpur from February 2018 to November 2019.

Materials and Methods: Total Thirty patients who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria for PTMC was enrolled in this study. Among them the procedural success & immediate results were assessed.

Results: Among 30 patients , 22(73.33%) were female and 8(26.66%) were male showing a female predominance. The mean age was 28.28±8.4.The procedure was successful in 29(96.66%) patients. In 1(3.3%) patient, we failed due to inability to puncture the septum for unfavourable anatomy. There was no mortality related to the procedure, no systemic embolization but one patient (3.33%) had significant MR(G II ). Pre PTMC mean MVA (cm2) was 0.801± 0.1325 and post PTMC it was 1.545± 0.292 cm2. Mean MVPG pre PTMC was 27.108±5.94 mmHg and post PTMC , 6.61±5.008 mmHg with significant p value 0.0001. Mean LA pressure before procedure was 28.65±8.456 mmHg and post PTMC, 11.27±6.34 and p value was 0.0001. Most of the patients 25(83.3%) before PTMC were in severe pulmonary hypertension and after PTMC most of the patients 21(70%) were in mild pulmonary hypertension.We successfully done 7 special cases like pregnancy, re do cases, H/O CVD etc.

Conclusions: We conclude that PTMC is a safe procedure in experienced hand with good success rate and optimal results even in patients with special problems like pregnancy, previous CVA and redo cases.

University Heart Journal Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan 2021; 47-54
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Case Series
Authors: Salim Md Abu , Rahman Mohammad Walidur , Adhikary Dipal Krishna , Arzu Jahanara , Hoque Md Harisul , Joarder Ariful Islam , Mahmood Manzoor
Published: June 2022

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life threatening entity of peripartum period characterized by left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in absence of any known cardiac disease. Though its incidence is rising but there is still uncertainty regarding its incidence, pathogenesis, and optimum management protocol. Retrospective analysis of twenty cases of PPCM admitted, within July 20016 to June 2018 in the department of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka is done here. Mean age of study population was 25 (6.3). Majority of the patients were multi-paras 12 (60%). 80% of the patients were diagnosed after delivery. Breathlessness was the most common symptom. Bibasal lung base crepitations was most frequent sign, which was found in 95% cases. Sinus tachycardia was most frequent electrocardiographic change which was found in 80% cases. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 35.2(2.8). All the patients had different extent of global hypokinesia of left ventricle (LV) at rest. The patients were treated with bed rest, water and salt restriction, loop diuretic, digitalis, selective Beta-blocker, vitamin B complex and an anticoagulant in relevant cases in antepartum period, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was added in postpartum period.70% patients were clinically improved and in 45% the left ventricular functional status returned to normal. 30% developed persistent cardiomyopathy beyond six months of presentation. Maternal mortality was 1 (5%). Among all live births three had intra uterine growth retardation. The pathophysiology, emerging investigations modalities, updated management protocol, and prognosis of PPCM are also discussed in this review.

University Heart Journal Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan 2021; 71-75
Ecology and dental health of the population of Ukraine
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Popovich Z. , Rozhko M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Chubiy I. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Kukurudz N. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Resume. Many studies have shown that an important factor in the health of the human body is the state of the environment. The aim of this work is to review the literature on the study of the effects of xenobiotics on dental morbidity. The highest rates of prevalence and intensity of periodontal disease were found in regions with high and very high levels of environmental pollution, the lowest – in a region with relatively low total levels of environmental pollution. Children living in environmentally unfavorable areas have a significant number of somatic diseases, which are combined with high dental morbidity. The results of the assessment of the dental health of the surveyed children show that the level of dental health of children in contaminated areas is, on average, lower than that of children living in less contaminated areas. In children living in relatively clean areas, dental health rates are the highest among all surveyed. Conclusion. It is proved that the features and level of dental morbidity are largely due to adverse environmental factors. We believe that this requires the development of regional prevention programs. Key words: dental morbidity, toxic effects, adverse environmental factors.
Influence of orthodontic treatment on periodont (literature review)
Authors:   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Borysenko A. , Batig I. ,   Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Kuzniak N. ,   Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Batig V. ,   Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Summary. Today, the need for orthodontic treatment of anomalies of tooth position and occlusion is constantly growing. In the practice of orthodontics use a variety of orthodontic appliances. The most widely used non-removable appliances that allow treatment of adult patients. However, dentists often intensify orthodontic appliances to speed up the end of treatment result. Unfortunately, this has a very adverse effect on periodontal tissues. This article analyzes the data of the dental literature on the impact of orthodontic treatment on the hard tissues of the teeth and, especially, on the periodontium. The main factors of periodontal damage during orthodontic treatment are determined. An analysis of possible areas of prevention of periodontal disease during orthodontic treatment was presented. Key words: orthodontic treatment, oral cavity, periodontium, periodontal lesions, prevention.
Пожары на автотранспортных средствах: причины возникновения
Authors: Пасовец Владимир Николаевич , Ковтун Вадим Анатольевич , Тагиев Шамхал Шахин оглы
Published: June 2022

Цель. Исследование причин возникновения пожаров на автотранспортных средствах.
Методы. Теоретический анализ причин возникновения пожаров на автотранспортных средствах.
Результаты. В работе рассмотрены основные причины возникновения пожаров на автотранспортных средствах. Подробно рассмотрены умышленные и непреднамеренные пожары. Представлены основные отличительные признаки данных групп пожаров. Показано, что умышленные пожары на автотранспортных средствах происходят по причине мошенничества со страховкой, из чувства мести, с целью угона для увеселительных поездок, а также для сокрытия следов использования автомобиля в преступных целях. В то же время основными причинами непреднамеренных пожаров на автомобильном транспорте являются технические неисправности систем, узлов и агрегатов двигателя внутреннего сгорания, а также короткое замыкание электрической аппаратуры автомобиля.
Область применения исследований. Представленные результаты могут быть использованы в сфере обеспечения пожарной безопасности на автомобильном транспорте.
Прицепная пожарная мотопомпа для тушения торфяных пожаров
Authors: Антонович Артем Александрович , Лахвич Вячеслав Вячеславович , Гоман Павел Николаевич
Published: June 2022

Цель. Определить необходимые параметры производительности прицепной пожарной мотопомпы при тушении торфяных пожаров на основании изучения опыта применения сил и средств подразделений МЧС Республики Беларусь.
Методы. В работе применены теоретические методы исследования (анализ, синтез, сравнение).
Результаты. Представлена статистика лесных и торфяных пожаров в Республике Беларусь за последние пять лет. Определено количество задействованной на тушение лесных и торфяных пожаров пожарной аварийно-спасательной техники и привлеченного личного состава. Проведен анализ расхода огнетушащих веществ, подаваемых на тушение торфяных пожаров. Обоснована актуальность применения прицепной пожарной мотопомпы повышенной производительности при тушении лесных и торфяных пожаров в Республике Беларусь.
Область применения исследований. Полученные результаты исследований могут быть использованы для дальнейшего развития пожарной техники в области тушения лесных и торфяных пожаров.
Информационно-коммуникационная среда как ресурс и инструмент иноязычного образования специалистов
Authors: Ковалева Татьяна Григорьевна , Дементьева Татьяна Георгиевна
Published: June 2022

Цель. Осветить ресурсные и методические аспекты современных информационно-коммуникационных технологий иноязычного образования специалистов. Раскрыть перспективы и проблемы обучения иноязычной коммуникации в современных условиях доминанты Интернета при сохранении традиционных подходов к обучению иностранному языку.
Методы. Критический анализ теоретических источников по вопросам внедрения информационно-коммуникационных технологий в педагогический процесс. Обобщение практического опыта иноязычного образования работников сферы безопасности жизнедеятельности и обучающихся Университета гражданской защиты.
Результаты. Раскрыты ресурсные и методические преимущества современных информационно-коммуникационных систем и технологий, используемых в целях формирования и развития иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции специалистов, в особенности технологии дистанционного обучения, элементам англоязычной коммуникации работников службы спасения. Даны рекомендации по наиболее эффективному методическому использованию современных инструментов и ресурсов, необходимых для лингвистического образования специалистов в сфере безопасности жизнедеятельности.
Область применения исследований. Информационно-коммуникационное обеспечение педагогического процесса обучения коммуникации, в том числе иноязычной. Методика и практика обучения профессионально ориентированному межкультурному общению с учетом современного уровня информационных технологий.
THE MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHOLOGY
Authors:   School of Natural Science, University of Zambia,Great East Road Campus, Lusaka, Zambia, Sikuyuba Mweemba , Phiri Jackson ,   School of Natural Science, University of Zambia,Great East Road Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
Published: June 2022

Post examination malpractice has continued to show up in some of the marking centres at grade twelve (12) level, which is mostly the changing of grades already entered in an electronic system. This study was designed to investigate the current challenges that are poised by the current system in the entry and transmission of results from marking centres, through a mixed research study approach. To the challenges presented by the current system, a Blockchain technology approach was developed to address the challenges. The Blockchain system would use the cryptographic hash function known as SHA-256, to enable the system compute the correct input value given some output value. The function proposed because of it’s collision resistance capability. The transactions between the marking centre and the examination council is a way of recording activities occurring in a digital form on the Electronic Results Management System (ERMS).
USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN AUTOMOTIVE PROTOTYPING
Authors:   Tata Technologies Ltd. Pune-MH (India), Ranjan Sahu Dr Ram
Published: June 2022

Augmented reality (AR) is a technique to enhance the knowledge about an object. This knowledge is in digital format and available on handy gadgets. On the need basis anyone, anywhere, any object information can be obtained within no time using AR technique. This way one may not require expert physical presence to know about any object. This technique is being very well used in many areas like education, medical, aerospace etc. This technique can be extended in manufacturing process also. One important manufacturing process is the vehicle conversion through automotive proto building, where many parts are to undergo changes. This work require expert presence and his knowledge for assembly and disassembly sequence, appropriate tool usage, correct applications of force and torque, correct parts and their fitment. All these requirements are met with in lieu of time and money in terms of expert presence and manual convey of knowledge. All the above requirements can be addressed through application of digital capability of modern world and one of the application is Augmented Reality (AR) in virtual prototyping. This paper discusses about usage of AR technique in making automotive virtual prototype. The virtual prototype is a handy knowledge bank which help technicians and engineers to perform their job without anyone help & hence save money, reduces turnaround time and avoid errors in the process.
A METHOD FOR TRANSFORMATION OF EBOM TO MBOM WITH MULTI-CAD ENVIRONMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE BIW MANUFACTURING
Authors:   Tata Technologies Ltd. Pune, Maharashtra, India, Kumar Sahu Dilip , Chowadhary Abhimannyu ,   Tata Technologies Ltd. Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: June 2022

In modular platform, product designer releases BIW modules in CAD & PLM as per functional requirement and these are flat structure and don’t have manufacturing sequence information. Then manufacturing planner prepares manufacturing stage assemblies based on the manufacturing facility and provide make or buy decision. To prepare stage assembly planner need to work in multi CAD environment like CATIA, DELMIA and PLM systems. Manufacturing planner generates stage assemblies from design modules by ensuring exact positions of designed components and distributes weld spot, arc weld, studs as per manufacturing stages. To distribute weld spot, arc weld and studs, manufacturing planner need to launch these modules in DELMIA, however the conversion of CATIA fastener information into DELMIA environment is a complex activity. This paper presents detailed process flow, tools & techniques with one use case to create manufacturing stage assemblies of a complex assembly - underbody rear floor with minimum planner’s manual effort with no gap between design BOM and manufacturing BOM.
The Break-up of Early World Christianity and the Great Ecumenical Failure
Authors: Finlay Walls Andrew
Published: June 2022

Christianity has from its beginning been global in principle, and for many centuries was so in practice. In the first six or seven centuries of Christian history, Christian presence spread across the greater part of the then known world – the vast landmass that constitutes Europe, Asia and Africa – and constituted a world Christianity which was multicentric, multilingual and multicultural. But the doctrinal disputes of the fifth century led to the alienation of large numbers of Coptic- and Syriac-speaking Christians from those who thought and spoke in Greek and Latin, and the ecumenical tragedy of the sixth century saw the great multicultural church divided along lines of language and culture. We are now in a new age of world Christianity – an even larger and more diverse reality than that of the first Christian centuries, but like it, multicentric, multilingual, multicultural. The acid test for Christianity in the twenty-first century will be whether the break-up of that first age of world Christianity can now be repaired.
The Making and Shaping of World Christianity: Commemorating the Legacies of Andrew F. Walls and Ogbu U. Kalu
Authors: Amwe Ruth , Ho Choi Byung
Published: June 2022

World Christianity has been described as ‘the great Christian fact of our time and the great Christian resource of our time’. Andrew Finlay Walls and Ogbu Uke Kalu emerged as pioneering figures responsible for the making and shaping of this field of study and research. Together, they brought about a renewed consciousness of the multicentric, multilingual and multicultural nature of Christianity. Their research altered the course of the study of Christian history, missions, ecumenics, the nature of conversion, and world religions. It redefined the conventional understanding of the interaction between Christianity and culture and, more broadly, between God and humanity. In memory and celebration of these two giants of World Christianity, this article points to some of the significant contributions of Ogbu Kalu and Andrew Walls to the field and draws on discussion in the two special panels held in their honour at the third World Christianity Conference at Princeton Theological Seminary, 3–6 March 2021.