bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A flexible plasma-treated silver-nanowire electrode for organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Li Jun , Tao Ye , Chen Shufen , Li Huiying , Chen Ping , Wei Meng-zhu , Wang Hu , Li Kun , Mazzeo Marco , Duan Yu
Published: November 2017

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are a promising candidate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent electrode material. However, the loose contact at the junction of the AgNWs and residual surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) increase the sheet resistance of the AgNWs. In this paper, an argon (Ar) plasma treatment method is applied to pristine AgNWs to remove the PVP layer and enhance the contact between AgNWs. By adjusting the processing time, we obtained AgNWs with a sheet resistance of 7.2Ω/□ and a transmittance of 78% at 550 nm. To reduce the surface roughness of the AgNWs, a peel-off process was used to transfer the AgNWs to a flexible NOA63 substrate. Then, an OLED was fabricated with the plasma-treated AgNWs electrode as anode. The highest brightness (27000 cd/m2) and current efficiency (11.8 cd/A) was achieved with a 30 nm thick light emitting layer of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum doped with 1% 10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5 H,11H-(1)-benzopyropyrano(6,7-8-I,j)quinolizin-11-one. Compared to thermal annealing, the plasma-treated AgNW film has a lower sheet resistance, a shorter processing time, and a better hole-injection. Our results indicate that plasma treatment is an effective and efficient method to enhance the conductivity of AgNW films, and the plasma-treated AgNW electrode is suitable to manufacture flexible organic optoelectronic devices.
Pressure-induced magnetic moment abnormal increase in Mn2FeAl and non-continuing decrease in Fe2MnAl via first principles
Authors: Ze-Jin Yang , Qing-He Gao , Heng-Na Xiong , Ju-Xiang Shao , Xian-Wei Wang , Zhi-Jun Xu
Published: November 2017

The magnetism of Fe2MnAl and Mn2FeAl compounds are studied by first principles. Evolutions of magnetic moment of Fe2MnAl display distinct variation trends under pressure, showing three different slopes at different pressure intervals, 0~100 GPa, 100~250 GPa, 250–400 GPa, respectively, and the moment collapses finally at 450 GPa. The magnetic moment of Mn2FeAl shows an increasing tendency below 40 GPa and decreases subsequently with pressure, and collapses ultimately at about 175 GPa. Such non-continuing decrease of Fe2MnAl originates from the unusual charge transfer of Fe and Mn and bond populations rearrangement of Fe-Fe and Mn-Fe, whereas the distinct moment evolution of Mn2FeAl is attributed to the complicated distributions of bond populations. The half-metallicity of the compounds can be maintained at low pressure, below about 100 GPa in Fe2MnAl and 50 GPa in Mn2FeAl. The magnetic moment collapse process didn’t induce volume and bond length anomalies in the two compounds, the unique anomaly is the elastic softening behaviour in elastic constant c44 and shear (G) and Young’s (E) moduli of Fe2MnAl at 270 GPa, where the second moment collapse occurs.
Facile immobilization of DNA using an enzymatic his-tag mimic
Authors: Röthlisberger Pascal , Levi-Acobas Fabienne , Sarac Ivo , Baron Bruno , England Patrick , Marlière Philippe , Herdewijn Piet , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: November 2017

Here, we present a generally applicable enzymatic method for the facile immobilization of single stranded DNA oligonucleotides on a solid support.
Catalytic substitution/cyclization sequences of O-substituted Isocyanates: synthesis of 1-alkoxybenzimidazolones and 1-alkoxy-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Wang Qiang , An Jing , Alper Howard , Xiao Wen-Jing , Beauchemin André M.
Published: November 2017

O-Isocyanates are rare, but potentially useful intermediates: herein, their first metal-catalyzed cascade reaction yields complex heterocycles.
Infrared spectroscopy of hydrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations: naphthalene+–water
Authors: Chatterjee Kuntal , Dopfer Otto
Published: November 2017

The combination of infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations unravels the salient properties of the bifurcated CH⋯O ionic hydrogen bond typical for the PAH+–H2O interaction.
Probing halogen–halogen interactions in solution
Authors: Ayzac V. , Raynal M. , Isare B. , Idé J. , Brocorens P. , Lazzaroni R. , Etienne T. , Monari A. , Assfeld X. , Bouteiller L.
Published: November 2017

Weak but measurable: a supramolecular balance detects interactions between CBr3groups in solution and estimates the corresponding free energy (0.2 kJ mol−1).
Enantiomer surface chemistry: conglomerateversusracemate formation on surfaces
Authors: Dutta Soham , Gellman Andrew J.
Published: November 2017

A comprehensive review classifying chirality expressed on surfaces and, by surveying available literature, determining the tendency for conglomeratevs.racemate formation on surfaces.
Confinement and enhancement of an airborne atmospheric laser-induced plasma using an ultrasonic acoustic resonator
Authors: Bierstedt Andreas , Panne Ulrich , Riedel Jens
Published: November 2017

The beneficial influence of an acoustic field is demonstrated for an overall increase of sensitivity and an effective discrimination between an introduced sample and ubiquitous background gas.
Stackelberg‐type channel state information feedback control game for energy efficiency in wireless networks
Authors: Jiang Yun , Song Lingyang , Han Zhu
Published: November 2017

Efficient use of energy has recently become an essential research topic for wireless communications. Channel state information (CSI) feedback has been well recognised to have great significances for the energy‐efficiency (EE) of the closed‐loop wireless networks. However, works on EE focus mostly on the feed‐forward data link by performing precoding and upper layer resource allocation and scheduling approaches. Unlike traditional work, the authors propose to study the EE by controlling the CSI feedback, where the mobile transmitter and receiver pairs exchange data by precoding for co‐channel interference reduction. The EE maximisation problem can be formulated in the analytical settings of a game‐theoretic framework by a two‐level Stackelberg‐type CSI feedback control game (SCFC), which can balance the power consumptions and the bandwidth. Specifically, the leader maximises the EE objective by introducing a price factor in the higher level. In lower level, multiple mobile receivers compete for the feedback channel utilisation to maximise their own utilities. The existence of the equilibriums is corroborated and the convergence behaviour is discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed distributed SCFC game can greatly enhance the EE performance by adjusting the pricing factor which can achieve close optimal performances in comparison with the centralised scheme.
Determination and localisation of turn‐to‐turn fault in transformer winding using frequency response analysis
Authors: Nosratian Ahour Jafar , Seyedtabaii Saeed , Gharehpetian Gevork B.
Published: November 2017

An incipient short‐circuit fault does not cause a severe condition in the steady‐state operation of transformers, but in transient conditions – the lightning or switching – it can result in an extended turn‐to‐turn short‐circuit fault (TSCF) and eventually in transformer outage. This study aims to determine and localise small TSCFs using the frequency response analysis. For this purpose, an appropriate mathematical model is developed, which can accurately simulate the winding transient behaviour. Using this model, turn‐to‐turn short‐circuit patterns are extracted for different turn‐to‐turn faults in the winding; then, the fault location is determined by comparing the measured faulty signal with mathematical short‐circuit patterns. In this study, a heuristic index is proposed to identify small TSCF locations. The presented solutions are implemented on a real winding with a nominal rating of 1600 kVA and a nominal voltage of 20/0.4 kV.
Experimental analysis of noise and vibration for large brushless doubly fed machines
Authors: Abdi Salman , Llano Danilo , Abdi Ehsan , Malliband Paul , McMahon Richard
Published: November 2017

In this study, a large‐scale brushless doubly fed machine (BDFM) built in frame size D400 is tested at different operating conditions in order to examine its noise and vibration levels. A series of measurements were conducted on the machine to establish the main modes of excitation of vibration and noise developed by the machine. The harmonic spectrums of the vibration amplitudes are presented at two different rotor speeds at which the vibration level is highest, in order to determine the vibration components frequencies existed in the vibration spectrum. A harmonic analysis of the BDFM is then proposed in order to assess the sources of vibration in the machine.
Platelets as Modulators of Inflammation
Authors: Kim Seok-Joo , Davis Rachelle , Jenne Craig
Published: November 2017

Platelets have classically been considered crucial effector cells in hemostasis, but now are increasingly recognized as players during inflammatory responses in innate and adaptive immunity. Platelets can recognize and kill invading pathogens, and, upon stimulation, also release a wide array of mediators that modify immune and endothelial cell responses. Increased platelet activity can protect the host against infectious insults; however, the excessive activity can lead to inflammation-mediated tissue damage. These critical roles highlight the necessity of balancing the platelet response at the intersection of hemostasis and inflammation. In this review, the authors present the current understanding of the inflammatory role of platelets. They also highlight recent findings on a modulator that links inflammation and deleterious tissue damage in disease pathogenesis.
Liver Metastasis: Update on Thermal and Nonthermal Ablative Therapies
Authors: Lopez Diego , Arellano Ronald
Published: November 2017

The liver is one of the most common sites of metastatic disease from several primary malignancies. While most treatment regimens incorporate a combination of chemotherapy and surgical treatments, ablative techniques are increasingly being used for the treatment of recurrent disease. This article will provide an update on the current status of thermal and nonthermal therapies to treat metastatic liver disease.
Protective Effect and Potential Mechanism of Simvastatin on Myocardial Injury Induced by Diabetes with Hypoglycemia
Authors: Li Haiqing , Zhao Qianqian , Liu Rong , Yang Lan , Chen Huanzhen , Cui Xiangli
Published: November 2017

Background Simvastatin has been reported to reduce cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality in clinical trials which was independent of its cholesterol-lowering effect. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of simvastatin on myocardial injury caused by diabetic hypoglycemia and the possible underlying mechanism.

Methods We used streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 55 mg/kg to induce diabetes mellitus (DM) and over-dose insulin to induce hypoglycemia to establish diabetic hypoglycemia rat models. The cardiac protective effect of simvastatin treatment (at a dose of 40 mg/kg·d) upon diabetic hypoglycemia models was assessed. Ex vivo cardiac function, cardiomyocyte inotropic property and calcium transient were evaluated. The expression levels of microRNA (miRNA) and NF-κB in heart tissues were investigated.

Results Both systolic and diastolic functions in diabetic rats were weakened, and further worsened in diabetic hypoglycemia rats, partially restored after administration of simvastatin. The protective effect of simvastatin on cardiac function under diabetic hypoglycermia was associated with decreased intracellular calcium and increased calcium sensitivity. miRNA array showed a differential profile of miRNA expression existed in diabetic hypoglycemia rats compared with diabetic non-hypoglycemia group, and that simvastatin could reverse the altered miRNA expression in diabetic hypoglycemia group.

Conclusion Simvastatin has protective effect on myocardial injury caused by diabetes with hypoglycemia, which is associated with increased calcium sensitivity, decreased NF-κB expression and altered miRNA expression profile.
Die Birke und ihr Potenzial in der Tiermedizin
Authors: Thoonsen Yvonne
Published: November 2017

Die Birke ist in der Volksheilkunde ein Baum mit langer und vielfältiger Anwendungstradition. Sie bietet z. B. Stoffe zur Unterstützung bei Harnwegserkrankungen, Erkrankungen des rheumatischen Formenkreises und der Haut. Dieser Artikel befasst sich im Schwerpunkt mit den wissenschaftlich belegten Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines triterpenreichen Trockenextraktes aus dem Birkenkork in Bezug auf die geschädigte Haut, hier z. B. den Themen Wundheilung, Aktinische Keratose und Atopie.
Die Bedeutung des Lumbosakralgelenks für das Pferd im Allgemeinen und das Reitpferd im Speziellen
Authors: Eser Katja , Diehl Maren
Published: November 2017

Im Rahmen der Pferdeausbildung geht es neben dem Erhalt und der weiteren Förderung der Geschmeidigkeit, der Stabilität und der Balance auch um die korrekte Entwicklung der Tragkraft. In der Ausbildung von Tragkraft bei einem Pferd, das seinen Reiter langfristig ohne Schaden zu nehmen tragen können soll, geht es auf der körperlichen Ebene vor allem um eine physiologisch sinnvolle Ausrichtung der Kräfte des Pferdes sowohl innerhalb seiner Kernstrukturen (muskuläre und fasziale Verspannung des Stammskeletts) als auch gegen seine eigene Körpermasse (→ Selbsthaltung) und gegen das Reitergewicht.
Nicht patientenbezogene Risikofaktoren für Entstehung und Behandlungsverlauf einer Anastomoseninsuffizienz nach Kolonresektion – Ergebnisse einer strukturierten M+M-Konferenz
Authors: Vogel Peter
Published: November 2017

Hintergrund Es liegen zahlreiche Studien zu patienteneigenen Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer Anastomoseninsuffizienz vor. Wir untersuchten die Häufigkeit nicht patienteneigener Risikofaktoren für Entstehung und Verlauf der Behandlung von Anastomoseninsuffizienzen nach kolorektalen Resektionen.

Patienten Zwischen 01.01.2015 und 31.12.2016 wurden n = 179 konsekutive Patienten nach kolorektalen Resektionen analysiert; n = 14 Patienten erlitten eine Anastomoseninsuffizienz. Der Behandlungsverlauf dieser Patienten wurde in einer Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätskonferenz (M+M-Konferenz) nach dem London-Protokoll analysiert.

Ergebnisse Am häufigsten wurden Auffälligkeiten bei der Prozessqualität analysiert (n = 8/14), gefolgt von Auffälligkeiten bei der Nachbehandlung (n = 6/14). OP-Technik (n = 2/14) und OP-Taktik (n = 3/14) zeigten seltener Auffälligkeiten. Bei der überwiegenden Anzahl der Patienten wurden Schlussfolgerungen für das zukünftige Vorgehen gezogen (n = 11/14). Durch die Analyse der Daten von 4/11 Patienten ergab sich ein Strategiewechsel für das zukünftige Vorgehen.

Schlussfolgerung Therapeuten- und umfeldbezogene Auffälligkeiten können in einer nach dem London-Protokoll strukturierten M+M-Konferenz regelhaft aufgedeckt werden. Diese Analyse ist Voraussetzung für eine Verbesserung und muss regelhaft die Analyse patienteneigener Risikofaktoren ergänzen.
Neurologische oder interdisziplinäre Schmerzambulanz: Vergleich des Behandlungserfolges und der
Zufriedenheit
Authors: Escolano-Lozano Fabiola , Breimhorst Markus , Soltani Gilda , Schwab Rainer , Dimova Violeta , Birklein Frank , Schlereth Tanja
Published: November 2017

Ziel dieser Studie war der Vergleich der Zufriedenheit und des Behandlungserfolgs bei Schmerzpatienten, die interdisziplinär
(anästhesiologisch, psychosomatisch, neurologisch, orthopädisch) oder rein neurologisch betreut wurden.

Methoden Es wurden 183 Patienten ausgewählt, die in unserer neurologischen Ambulanz und in unserem interdisziplinären
Schmerztherapiezentrum (IST) behandelt wurden. Davon wurden 142 Patienten mit Polyneuropathie, Kopfschmerz oder muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen
in die endgültige Analyse eingeschlossen. 39 Patienten (27,5 %) wurden im IST und 103 Patienten ausschließlich neurologisch behandelt. Diese
Patienten wurden aufgefordert, einen Fragebogen auszufüllen, mit dem Zufriedenheits- und Schmerzparameter erfragt wurden.

Ergebnisse Die neurologische und die multidisziplinäre Schmerzbehandlung führten zu einer vergleichbaren Besserung der Schmerzen (je p
< 0,001). Dieser Effekt war unabhängig von der Grunderkrankung. Die interdisziplinäre ambulante Behandlung führte primär nicht zu
vermehrter Patientenzufriedenheit.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Schmerzreduktion und die Patientenzufriedenheit der neurologischen ambulanten Schmerzbehandlung waren
vergleichbar mit denen einer interdisziplinären ambulanten Therapie. Der einzig signifikante Vorteil der interdisziplinären Behandlung war
eine niedrigere stationäre Aufnahmerate nach der ambulanten Therapie. Dieses Ergebnis sagt nichts aus über die Effizienz stationärer oder
tagesklinischer Schmerztherapie, es legt aber nahe, dass bei vielen ambulanten Fällen eine neurologische Schmerztherapie zumindest als
primäre Maßnahme ausreichend ist. Neurologische Schmerzambulanzen sollten also gefördert werden.
Perioperatives Management in der Knieendoprothetik
Authors: Hube Robert , Mayr Hermann , von Roth Philipp , Najfeld Michael , Thiele Kathi
Published: November 2017

Der Artikel befasst sich mit 4 wesentlichen Aspekten des perioperativen Managements und deren Relevanz in der Knieendoprothetik. Aufgrund der Anzahl unzufriedener Patienten nach Knieendoprothetik scheint eine Optimierung der Prozesse notwendig. Neben der Patientenvorbereitung, der Mobilisierung, der operativen Technik und Implantatwahl kommt dem perioperativen Management eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Hierzu gehören die Anlage einer Blutsperre, die Verwendung von Drainagen, die Nutzung von Tranexamsäure und die Schmerztherapie. Diese werden im vorliegenden Beitrag ausführlich dargestellt.
Ohne Netz und doppelten Boden: Vergleich der Nabelherniotomie nach Spitzy im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Kuck Laura , Seitz Florian , Wiegering Armin , Dietz Ulrich , Meyer Thomas
Published: November 2017

Einleitung Nabelhernien kommen sowohl im Erwachsenen- als auch Kindesalter vor. Seit über 100 Jahren wird bei der Versorgung von kindlichen Nabelhernien die Methode nach Spitzy – quasi ohne Netz und doppelten Boden – angewendet. In der Erwachsenenchirurgie kommen jedoch zunehmend Netze zur Anwendung. Ziel unserer Studie war es, die Nabelherniotomie nach Spitzy im Hinblick auf die Rezidivrate im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden Über einen Zeitraum von 7 Jahren wurden 383 kindliche Patienten (Alter < 16 Jahre) mit Nabelhernien operiert, wobei 370 Patienten nach Ausschlusskriterien in der Studie evaluiert wurden. Im selben Zeitraum wurden 106 erwachsene Patienten (Alter > 16 Jahre) ebenfalls aufgrund einer Nabelhernie therapiert, hiervon wurden 31 Patienten mittels Direktnaht versorgt und als Vergleichsgruppe in unsere Studie eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse Die jungen Patienten waren im Durchschnitt 33,81 Monate alt und zu 44% weiblich und zu 56% männlich. Durch die Direktnaht nach Spitzy konnte im Kindesalter eine niedrige Rezidivquote von 1,1% (n = 4) erzielt werden. Das Durchschnittsalter der erwachsenen Patienten betrug 54,55 Jahre; 32% waren weiblich, 68% männlich. Im Vergleich zur kindlichen Gruppe lag die Rezidivquote nach Direktnaht in der Erwachsenenchirurgie bei 12,9% (n = 4).

Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund der Studienergebnisse stellt die Nabelherniotomie im Kindesalter durch Direktnaht nach Spitzy seit nunmehr 100 Jahren das Mittel der Wahl und den Goldstandard dar. Netzimplantationen sind im Kindesalter auch weiterhin nicht erforderlich.
Characteristics of plasma properties in double discharge ablative pulsed plasma thrusters
Authors: Wu Zhiwen , Sun Guorui , Liu Zhen , Liu Xiangyang , Xie Kan , Wang Ningfei
Published: November 2017

Ablative pulsed plasma thrusters, the earliest electric space propulsion devices, create highly transient plasmas in short discharges that are expelled to create thrust. In recent years, the double-discharge ablative pulsed plasma thruster design has been proposed to improve the low-thrust efficiency. In this study, optical emission spectroscopy was applied to investigate the plasma properties in different regions and energy distributions. The electron temperature and electron density of the plasmas are derived and discussed. This study provides a physical mechanism for double-discharge pulsed plasma thrusters.
Rigorous theory of graded thermoelectric converters including finite heat transfer coefficients
Authors: Gerstenmaier York Christian , Wachutka Gerhard
Published: November 2017

Maximization of thermoelectric (TE) converter performance with an inhomogeneous material and electric current distribution has been investigated in previous literature neglecting thermal contact resistances to the heat reservoirs. The heat transfer coefficients (HTCs), defined as inverse thermal contact resistances per unit area, are thus infinite, whereas in reality, always parasitic thermal resistances, i.e., finite HTCs, are present. Maximization of the generated electric power and of cooling power in the refrigerator mode with respect to Seebeck coefficients and heat conductivity for a given profile of the material's TE figure of merit Z are mathematically ill-posed problems in the presence of infinite HTCs. As will be shown in this work, a fully self consistent solution is possible for finite HTCs, and in many respects, the results are fundamentally different. A previous theory for 3D devices will be extended to include finite HTCs and is applied to 1D devices. For the heat conductivity profile, an infinite number of solutions exist leading to the same device performance. Cooling power maximization for finite HTCs in 1D will lead to a strongly enhanced corresponding efficiency (coefficient of performance), whereas results with infinite HTCs lead to a non-monotonous temperature profile and coefficient of performance tending to zero for the prescribed heat conductivities. For maximized generated electric power, the corresponding generator efficiency is nearly a constant independent from the finite HTC values. The maximized efficiencies in the generator and cooling mode are equal to the efficiencies for the infinite HTC, provided that the corresponding powers approach zero. These and more findings are condensed in 4 theorems in the conclusions.
BInGaN alloys nearly lattice-matched to GaN for high-power high-efficiency visible LEDs
Authors: Williams Logan , Kioupakis Emmanouil
Published: November 2017

InGaN-based visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) find commercial applications for solid-state lighting and displays, but lattice mismatch limits the thickness of InGaN quantum wells that can be grown on GaN with high crystalline quality. Since narrower wells operate at a higher carrier density for a given current density, they increase the fraction of carriers lost to Auger recombination and lower the efficiency. The incorporation of boron, a smaller group-III element, into InGaN alloys is a promising method to eliminate the lattice mismatch and realize high-power, high-efficiency visible LEDs with thick active regions. In this work, we apply predictive calculations based on hybrid density functional theory to investigate the thermodynamic, structural, and electronic properties of BInGaN alloys. Our results show that BInGaN alloys with a B:In ratio of 2:3 are better lattice matched to GaN compared to InGaN and, for indium fractions less than 0.2, nearly lattice matched. Deviations from Vegard's law appear as bowing of the in-plane lattice constant with respect to composition. Our thermodynamics calculations demonstrate that the solubility of boron is higher in InGaN than in pure GaN. Varying the Ga mole fraction while keeping the B:In ratio constant enables the adjustment of the (direct) gap in the 1.75–3.39 eV range, which covers the entire visible spectrum. Holes are strongly localized in non-bonded N 2p states caused by local bond planarization near boron atoms. Our results indicate that BInGaN alloys are promising for fabricating nitride heterostructures with thick active regions for high-power, high-efficiency LEDs.
Enhanced absorption and cavity effects of three-photon pumped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Hollinger Richard , Samsonova Zhanna , Gupta Dishiti , Spielmann Christian , Röder Robert , Trefflich Lukas , Ronning Carsten , Kartashov Daniil
Published: November 2017

Semiconductor nanowire (NW) lasers attract a lot of attention as potential elements of nanophotonic circuits and lab-on-a chip devices. Here, we report on the experimental investigation of stimulated near ultraviolet (NUV) emission, pumped by three-photon absorption from near infrared femtosecond laser pulses, from ZnO NW arrays of different morphologies and compare it to the bulk. The spectrally and temporally resolved measurements of the NUV emission show both strong enhancements in the absorption and emission properties of the nanowire arrays compared to bulk samples. Thus, we determine a many times higher three-photon absorption in the nanostructure morphology compared to the bulk material. Furthermore, the threshold pumping intensity for stimulated emission in a vertically oriented nanowire array is twice lower and the emission onset time is shorter than in randomly oriented arrays, revealing strong influence of the macroscopic nanowire arrangement.
A broadband metasurface Luneburg lens for microwave surface waves
Authors: de Pineda Julia D. , Mitchell-Thomas Rhiannon C. , Hibbins Alastair P. , Sambles J. Roy
Published: November 2017

A broadband planar microwave Luneburg lens made of a three-layer metasurface with hexagonal symmetry is presented. This metasurface supports a transverse-electric mode confined to the surface that presents very low dispersion and a stable mode index across a broad frequency band. This enables the lens to operate in the range of frequencies between 8 GHz and 19 GHz. The lens was manufactured using a lithographic technique with three 25 μm copper-coated Mylar sheets. The resulting device is only 75 μm thick, flexible, and light-weight.
Effects of shear flows on the evolution of fluctuations in interchange turbulence
Authors: Movahedi Ismail , Kim Eun-jin
Published: November 2017

We report a non-perturbative study of the effect of different types of shear flows on the evolution of vorticity and particle density fluctuations in interchange turbulence. For the same shear strength, the transport of density is less reduced by streamers than by zonal flows, with zonal flows leading to oscillation death. In the inviscid limit, vorticity (density) grows (decays) as a power law due to the streamer or zonal flow and exponentially due to the combined effect of the zonal flow and streamer with the same sign of shear. The zonal flow and streamer with the opposite sign of shear lead to oscillation at multiple frequencies.
Local bifurcations in differential equations with state-dependent delay
Authors: Sieber Jan
Published: November 2017

A common task when analysing dynamical systems is the determination of normal forms near local bifurcations of equilibria. As most of these normal forms have been classified and analysed, finding which particular class of normal form one encounters in a numerical bifurcation study guides follow-up computations. This paper builds on normal form algorithms for equilibria of delay differential equations with constant delay that were developed and implemented in DDE-Biftool recently. We show how one can extend these methods to delay-differential equations with state-dependent delay (sd-DDEs). Since higher degrees of regularity of local center manifolds are still open for sd-DDEs, we give an independent (still only partial) argument which phenomena from the truncated normal must persist in the full sd-DDE. In particular, we show that all invariant manifolds with a sufficient degree of normal hyperbolicity predicted by the normal form exist also in the full sd-DDE.
Simple atmospheric model produces hurricanelike vortices
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: November 2017

“Big whirls have little whirls that feed on their velocity; and little whirls have lesser whirls and so on to viscosity.” – Lewis Richardson (1922).
Whole-transcriptome analysis of oxidative stress response genes in carotenoid-producing Enterococcus gilvus
Authors: Hagi Tatsuro , Kobayashi Miho , Nomura Masaru
Published: November 2017

Whole-transcriptome analysis of aerobic stress response gene in Enterococcus gilvus was performed using RNA-sequencing to identify carotenoid-based stress response genes in lactic acid bacteria. The expression of gene responsible for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex synthesis was highly upregulated after aerobic treatment. In addition, the expression of transcriptional regulator spx and genes encoding UvrABC system protein was also upregulated.
Rare PfCSP C-terminal antibodies induced by live sporozoite vaccination are ineffective against malaria infection
Authors: Scally Stephen W. , Murugan Rajagopal , Bosch Alexandre , Triller Gianna , Costa Giulia , Mordmüller Benjamin , Kremsner Peter G. , Sim B. Kim Lee , Hoffman Stephen L. , Levashina Elena A. , Wardemann Hedda , Julien Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2017

Antibodies against the central repeat of the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) inhibit parasite activity and correlate with protection from malaria. However, the humoral response to the PfCSP C terminus (C-PfCSP) is less well characterized. Here, we describe B cell responses to C-PfCSP from European donors who underwent immunization with live Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) under chloroquine prophylaxis (PfSPZ-CVac), and were protected against controlled human malaria infection. Out of 215 PfCSP-reactive monoclonal antibodies, only two unique antibodies were specific for C-PfCSP, highlighting the rare occurrence of C-PfCSP–reactive B cells in PfSPZ-CVac–induced protective immunity. These two antibodies showed poor sporozoite binding and weak inhibition of parasite traversal and development, and did not protect mice from infection with PfCSP transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Structural analyses demonstrated that one antibody interacts with a polymorphic region overlapping two T cell epitopes, suggesting that variability in C-PfCSP may benefit parasite escape from humoral and cellular immunity. Our data identify important features underlying C-PfCSP shortcomings as a vaccine target.
A new model for an old friend
Authors: Sedwick Caitlin
Published: November 2017

JGP study suggests the anion exchanger AE1 operates via an elevator-like mechanism.
Order and Regularities
Authors: Boyle Deborah
Published: November 2017

This chapter argues that Cavendish’s philosophical thinking can best be understood by considering how she deploys the concepts of order and regularity. The chapter surveys texts in which Cavendish emphasizes the need for order; discusses what Cavendish means by “order,” “regularity,” and “peace”; and argues that, for Cavendish, an orderly situation is one in which the parts (whether of nature, a society, a marriage, or a body) are behaving as they ought to and that there are cases where nature is genuinely disordered. The chapter then turns to the role of freedom in Cavendish’s thought, defending an interpretation of Cavendish as a libertarian but also urging a shift away from the focus on freedom that has informed many interpretations of Cavendish’s thinking.
Introduction
Authors: Milewski Melissa
Published: November 2017

In 1903, Isham Hodge had farmed his own land in Black River Township, North Carolina, for 23 years. Up until a few years before, 63-year-old Hodge had likely also cast his vote in local and state elections. But at the end of the nineteenth century, the balance of power in the state shifted. By 1900, North Carolina had managed to disfranchise most African American men like Hodge through a constitutional amendment and registration changes....
Epilogue
Authors: Milewski Melissa
Published: November 2017

African Americans’ experiences in southern courts during the eight-and-a-half decades after the Civil War is part of a larger, global story of struggles for rights within the courts. White southerners’ efforts to control people of color through the courts is also part of that wider, global history. The very structure of judicial systems often enabled them to serve as both a conservative and a progressive force. In many countries around the world, the courts have been used both to uphold elites’ power and to challenge that same power....
Rationale
Authors: Poplack Shana
Published: November 2017

This chapter identifies the rationale behind this volume: the enduring controversy over how to theorize language-mixing strategies. Relating this controversy to discrepancies in the conceptualization and treatment of the data of language mixing, it outlines a method to distinguish among other-language phenomena based on spontaneous bilingual performance, quantitative analysis, and rigorous standards of proof. It justifies the focus on the three quantitatively predominant manifestations of language mixing: nonce borrowing, lexical retrieval of previously borrowed words and code-switching. It introduces and defines integration, the major tool in characterizing language-mixing types. Ensuing chapters identify and illustrate an array of integration strategies, whereby the vast majority of lone other-language items are adapted to the morphological and syntactic patterns of a recipient language, in a variety of language pairs.
A variationist perspective on borrowing
Authors: Poplack Shana
Published: November 2017

This chapter reviews the analytical and methodological tenets associated with the variationist perspective on language and outlines its specific applications to the study of language mixing. Key among them are the principled selection of participants and their validation in the community, the primacy of actual bilingual performance data, contextualization of its major manifestations across speakers, mixing strategies (lexical borrowing and code-switching) and language pairs, and systematic quantitative analysis of usage patterns, incorporating checks on the validity and reliability of the results. We explain how the method enables us to address and answer a number of questions that have plagued scholars of language contact for decades.
The bare facts of borrowing
Authors: Poplack Shana
Published: November 2017

This chapter addresses the problem of classifying formally ambiguous bare forms. It illustrates with analysis of three typologically distinct language pairs involving isolating recipients (Wolof, Fongbe, and Igbo) that feature virtually no overt morphology on the noun, obviating the morphological criterion for loanword integration. Here the appeal is to the syntax of nouns and noun phrases, focusing on their variable distribution across different types of modification structure. This expands and systematizes the comparisons of chapters 4 and 5 by considering in greater detail not just the rates of occurrence of a diagnostic but also its variable structure. Regardless of language pair, the overwhelming majority of lone donor-language nouns display quantitative parallels to their relevant recipient-language counterparts in ways far too specific to be random. At the same time, they pattern differently from nouns in unmixed donor-language contexts. This reveals that the donor-language nouns have been borrowed and integrated into different recipients.
Introduction
Authors: Beste Jennifer
Published: November 2017

The introduction presents the circumstances that led to the author’s development of the book. Explaining that millennial students had expressed skepticism that adult researchers could understand the dynamics of hookup culture, Beste constructed an assignment in which undergraduates became ethnographers analyzing college party culture. The author describes the methodology of her qualitative research and explains the book’s three divisions: part I explores students’ descriptions and perspectives, and finds that most undergraduate ethnographers are privately dissatisfied with college hookup culture; part II examines students’ reflections on Johann Metz’s account of full humanity within the context of party culture; part III envisions how campus communities can create a sexually just culture in which sexual disrespect and violence is no longer tolerated and all persons are treated as ends in themselves.
Are College Students Happy in Contemporary Party and Hookup Culture?
Authors: Beste Jennifer
Published: November 2017

Are students happy and fulfilled at college parties? Four perspectives emerged from ethnographers’ analyses: 10% answered in the affirmative; 29% reported that some peers appeared happy, others unhappy and dissatisfied; 33% perceived that partiers were momentarily happy with drinking and hooking up—happy until the next morning when they experienced regret, embarrassment, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and/or emptiness. Some would seek to escape such feelings by getting drunk and hooking up the next week, creating a destructive cycle of behavior. The last group (27%) were convinced that their peers were unhappy and unfulfilled, and echoed that many seek escape through the weekly habit of drinking and hooking up. Beste’s analysis reveals a surprisingly high level of dissatisfaction and even weariness among students over college party social, sexual, and relational norms.
Justly Relating to Self and Others in College Culture
Authors: Beste Jennifer
Published: November 2017

What kind of relationships and sex do college students actually desire? Students’ reflections indicate that they want just and mutual connections. What hinders these? According to students, one reason they may tolerate unjust sexual and gender norms and perpetuate injustice in their sexual lives is the “toxic messages” found in the ubiquitous eroticization of sexual inequality throughout our culture. Such eroticization of power-over interactions deeply affects their sexual expectations, sexual desires, arousal patterns, and sexual behaviors. After offering their perspectives on Margaret Farley’s account of just sex, undergraduate students provide analyses of whether hookups and hookup culture overall can be just, their perspectives on just sex, and their view of obstacles to sexual justice on college campuses and within broader U.S. culture.
Singing Smoothly
Authors: Gentry Philip M.
Published: November 2017

The early R&B vocal group the Orioles are often credited with launching the musical style later known as doo-wop, especially with their 1949 hit “It’s Too Soon to Know” and their last charting number, “Crying in the Chapel” (1953). Their smooth romantic ballads became some of the first crossover hits of the postwar era, and were an alternative to more aggressive masculinities emerging out of the jump blues. This chapter illustrates this choreography of gender through live stage shows, recordings, interviews, and period reviews in the African American press. The short-lived periodical Tan Confessions adds particular nuance, featuring interviews with stars like Sonny Til alongside housewares advertisements targeted at African American women. This masculinity should be understood as a strategy linked with Cold War discourses of consensus and consumption, and the anxieties over masculinity expressed in Franklin Frasier’s Black Bourgeoisie in the historical moment of postwar desegregation.
The Blonde Who Knew Too Much
Authors: Gentry Philip M.
Published: November 2017

Doris Day was one of the most iconic members of the postwar generation of “girl singers,” such as Rosemary Clooney and Patti Page, who dominated the pop music charts. The chapter traces how her performance of whiteness emerged over the course of her early musical film career, beginning in Romance on the High Seas (1948), continuing in Calamity Jane (1953), and in Alfred Hitchcock’s The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956). Engaging especially with the work of Richard Dyer, the chapter explains how it was precisely Doris Day’s performance of whiteness, mixing a tightly wound inward focus with occasional eruptions of violence and singing, that became so particularly famous and influential.
This Promise of Paradise
Authors: Gentry Philip M.
Published: November 2017

This fourth chapter considers the intersection of white engagement with representations of Asian culture such as the musical South Pacific, as well as something of its opposite: a nightclub in San Francisco known as Forbidden City. At this club, Asian American musicians and dancers put on a kind of whiteface show in which, for example, singer Larry Ching performed as the “Chinese Frank Sinatra.” These dueling representations illuminate two larger and intersecting trends. One is the experience of white American service members returning home from the Pacific front. The other was the experience of Asian American in California, especially in the Bay Area where many Chinese Americans were joining the suburban middle class. Globalization was nothing new in the 1940s, but in the context of the Cold War, the development of these new styles of representation took on particularly fraught meanings.
Making Sense of Silence
Authors: Gentry Philip M.
Published: November 2017

The premiere of John Cage’s 4′33″ in 1952 is considered against the backdrop of McCarthyist persecution of gay men. Drawing upon the “aesthetic of indifference,” Cage’s work is situated within the postwar development of gay male identity, contrasting Cage with philosophical rivals such as his old friend Harry Hay and the queer anarchist writer Paul Goodman. The chapter also looks in detail at the origins of the premiere, making the case that later versions miss out on the work’s historic presence, especially its first score in which the silence was more strictly notated rather than left as an abstract context. Together, this historical context of an emergent gay cultural identity alongside a carefully crafted musical experience provides an excellent closing example of the possibilities of these new postwar tools of self-fashioning.
The Ballad of John Latouche
Authors: Pollack Howard
Published: November 2017

Born into a poor Virginian family, John Treville Latouche (1914–1956), in his short life, made a profound mark on America’s musical theater as a lyricist and librettist. The wit and skill of his lyrics elicited comparisons with the likes of Ira Gershwin and Lorenz Hart, but he had too, as Stephen Sondheim noted, “a large vision of what musical theater could be,” and he proved especially venturesome in helping to develop a lyric theater that innovatively combined music, word, dance, and costume and set design. Many of his pieces, even if not commonly known today, remain high points in the history of American musical theater, including Cabin in the Sky (1940), Beggar’s Holiday (1946), The Golden Apple (1954), The Ballad of Baby Doe (1956), and Candide (1956). Extremely versatile, he also wrote cabaret songs, participated in documentary and avant-garde film, translated poetry, and adapted plays. Meanwhile, as one of Manhattan’s most celebrated raconteurs and hosts, he established friendships with many notables, including Paul and Jane Bowles, Carson McCullers, Frank O’Hara, Dawn Powell, Ned Rorem, Virgil Thomson, and Gore Vidal—a dazzling constellation of diverse artists all attracted to Latouche’s brilliance and joie de vivre, not to mention his support for their work. This book draws widely on archival collections both at home and abroad, including Latouche’s diaries and the papers of such collaborators as Leonard Bernstein, Duke Ellington, Douglas Moore, and Jerome Moross to tell for the first time the story of this fascinating man and his work.
The Young Writer
Authors: Pollack Howard
Published: November 2017

This chapter discusses Latouche’s early education. This includes his early artistic interests, and his years at John Marshall High School, during which time he wrote extensively for the school newspaper and acted in school plays. During these early years, he also partook in community theater in Richmond, making a name for himself as an actor. After graduating high school, he attended the Riverdale Country Day School in the Bronx, where he pursued similar activities. Entering Columbia University on scholarship, he distinguished himself as a critic and poet, winning several prestigious awards. But after the success of his columbia Varsity Show, Flair-Flair, for which he wrote the book and lyrics and even some of the music, he dropped out of Columbia to pursue a career on Broadway.
Ballads for Americans
Authors: Pollack Howard
Published: November 2017

Latouche continued his work on Broadway in the late 1930s. He had his work done by Cabaret TAC, and also wrote articles and poems for TAC magazine. Some of his work appeared in such leftist revues as Sunday Night Varieties. He translated a “centerpiece” by Jura Soyfer for a revue given by Austrian refugees. Most notably, he composed “Ballade for Uncle Sam,” along with other pieces for the FTP revue Sing for Your Supper. Premiered in concert form over the radio with Paul Robeson the soloist, this number, with music by Earl Robinson, swept the country for several years. It also was published by Jack Robbins, with whom Latouche would have an important relationship.
Radio and Patriotic Work, 1940–1945
Authors: Pollack Howard
Published: November 2017

This chapter explores Latouche’s extensive work in radio during the war years, including notable efforts on behalf of the Allied cause. He began his association with radio writing experimental radio dramas for The Listener’s Playhouse. He subsequently began to write radio shows covering such war-related topics as Russian and Chinese relief. Other shows concerned the principles for which the war was being waged—a topic that also informed continuing work with Earl Robinson. His involvement with radio left its mark on his other work.
The Lady Comes Across
Authors: Pollack Howard
Published: November 2017

Latouche’s final musical with Vernon Duke, The Lady Comes Across (1942), with choreography again with Balanchine, was a bomb, lasting only three performances. The work was to feature the British star Jessie Matthews, who left the show while in tryouts. The show never recovered, though it marked the beginning of a lifelong friendship between Latouche and one of its bookwriters, novelist Dawn Powell. About the same time, Latouche also involved himself in several other efforts, none of which materialized. In one instance, he reportedly wrote some material for film director William Dieterle to use in his film Syncopation. He also considered collaborating on a project with choreographer Ruth Page and composer Kurt Weill. Finally, he gave some thought to further shows with Vernon Duke, but nothing transpired along those lines either.
Beggar’s Holiday
Authors: Pollack Howard
Published: November 2017

December 1946 witnessed the premiere of Beggar’s Holiday, a new show with book and lyrics by Latouche and music by Duke Ellington. The work was an updated interracial version of John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera. Some questions of authorship have arisen due the assistance of Billy Strayhorn and director John Houseman, but the work can said to be essentially that of Latouche and Ellington. This innovative show had similarly inventive sets by Oliver Smith and choreography of Valerie Bettis. The who turned out to be more a critical than a popular success, but remains nonetheless a landmark in the history of the Broadway musical nonetheless, and a work deserving of rehabilitation.
Film Work
Authors: Pollack Howard
Published: November 2017

Latouche had a side career in film. This included writing songs for two avant-garde films by Hans Richter, Dreams That Money Can Buy and 8 x 8. He also wrote the narration for a Herbert Matter film about Alexander Calder, and began his own film company, Aries Productions, which produced Maya Deren’s last completed film, The Very Eye of Night, and an animated film based on his poem “The Peppermint Tree.” In one instance, he started to direct his own short, Presenting Jane, in conjunction with his friendship with the New York poets, but the film was never completed.