bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mempelajari Penerapan Sistem Fuzzy Pada Alat Pemupuk Granula
Authors: Fahdrianty Nur Amaliya , Waris Abdul , Sapsal Muhammad Tahir
Published: July 2019

Peningkatan produksi jagung dapat dilakukan dengan program intensifikasi berupa pemupukan yang efektif dan efisien. Pemupukan yang efektif dan efisien sangat penting bagi hara tanaman untuk peningkatan produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja alat pemupuk dengan menggunakan sistem kendali fuzzy logic. Metode yang digunakan perancangan software, uji fungsional, uji kinerja alat dengan beban. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan system kendali fuzzy logic dapat bekerja dengan baik dimana sett point (SP) tercapai, tidak terjadi overshoot dan error steady state, serta setlling time pendek yaitu ± 5 detik. Pada pengujian menggunakan pupuk hasil yang didapatkan sesuai dengan putaran kecepatan motor (RPS) dimana dapat dilihat pada uji RPS=10 (SP=10) yaitu 11.99 g/s, SP=30 yaitu 30.64 g/s ,SP=50 yaitu 50.70 g/s ,SP=60 yaitu 62.12 g/s ,dan SP= 80 yaitu 80.14 g/s. Pada RPS=10 (SP=10) hasil tersebut cocok untuk tanaman jagung pada umur 28 hari setelah tanam dimana kecepatan yang diinginkan sudah bekerja dengan baik, yang ditandai dengan keadaan stabil dengan steady state error tidak melebihi 5% dan semua bahan keluar dari alat dan tidak ada yang tercecer.
Status Konservasi Vegetasi Pohon di Lahan Bera Womnowi Sidey Manokwari (Sebuah Catatan Kecil Inventarisasi Vegetasi di Hutan Sekunder Papua Barat)
Authors: Susanto Slamet Arif
Published: July 2019

Studi konservasi di hutan sekunder khususnya di lahan bera penting di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat sebuah catatan kecil inventarisasi vegetasi pohon di lahan bera Womnowi Sidey Manokwari berdasarkan data Union for Conservation of Nature Resources (IUCN). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis vegetasi―sebuah teknik continuous strip sampling, 10 x 10 meter untuk fase tiang dan 20 x 20 meter untuk fase pohon yang dilakukan pada awal bulan Mei 2018. Total individu jenis yang diinventarisasi pada luas satu hektar adalah 378 individu terdiri dari 65 jenis tiang dan pohon. Hasil menunjukkan vegetasi pohon didominasi oleh status LC. Dua jenis telah teridentifikasi sebagai NT dan V pada fase tiang: Aglaia odorata Lour. (NT) and Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze. (V). Indeks nilai penting (INP) jenis yang tergolong dalam IUCN adalah 76.05% pada fase tiang dan 83.53% pada fase pohon. Jenis dominan mungkin berpengaruh pada status konservasinya, penelitian lanjutan yang komprehensif perlu dilakukan dibeberapa tipe lahan bera di Papua Barat.Kata kunci: bera, konservasi, vegetasi pohon, analisis vegetasi, Manokwari
Pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. Pada Beberapa Kombinasi Media Kultur
Authors: Boroh Rimba , Litaay Magdalena , Umar Muh Ruslan , Ambeng Ambeng
Published: July 2019

Penelitian tentang pengaruh beberapa perlakuan kombinasi antara media kultur organik berupa vermikompos cair dan media kultur anorganik berupa walne terhadap pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi media kultur yang terbaik dalam merangsang peningkatan pertumbuhan populasi Chlorella sp.. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen menggunakan desain percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan kombinasi perlakuan faktorial 5 x 5 x 2 (5 konsentrasi perlakuan Medium Walne, 5 konsentrasi perlakuan vermikompos, masing-masing 2 kali ulangan). Chlorella dikultur selama 10 hari. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis Univariate Analysis of Variance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi media kultur yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. dan diperoleh kepadatan rata - rata populasi tertinggi, yaitu perlakuan V4W4 pada hari ke-9 dengan jumlah kepadatan populasi 19.530 x 104 sel/ml dan nilai laju pertumbuhan sebesar 1,8 /hari. Hasil uji UNIANOVA menunjukkan tidak adanya pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan  Chlorella sp.Kata Kunci : Vermikompos. Chlorella sp., Walne, Kultur, Kombinasi.
Pengaruh Molase dan Bioaktivator EM4 Terhadap Kadar Gula Pada Fermentasi Pupuk Organik Cair
Authors: Fahruddin Fahruddin , Sulfahri Sulfahri
Published: July 2019

Bioslurry merupakan produk dari hasil pengolahan biogas berbahan kotoran ternak serta air melalui proses fermentasi anaerob, baik digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pupuk organik cair (POC) karena kaya akan unsur hara seperti nitrogen, fosfor dan material organik yang bernilai lainnya serta mampu memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui  pengaruh molase dan bioaktivator EM4 pada kadar kadar gula dalam fermentasi POC. Perlakuan meliputi PI molase 0% dan EM4 5%, P2 molase 2% dan EM4 5%, P3 molase 4% dan EM4 5%, P4 molase 0% dan EM4 10%, P5 molase 2% dan EM410%, dan P6 molase 4% dan EM4 10%. Pengukuran kadar gula dengan metode DNS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi molase yang terkandung di dalam POC berpengaruh terhadap kadar gula, sedangkan perbedaan penggunaan konsentrasi EM4 tidak berpengaruh terhadap beberapa parameter pengamatan seperti kadar gula.  EM4 tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar gula yang terkandung di dalam POC, sehingga persentase penggunaan EM4 pada POC tidak mengharuskan pada satu tingkatan saja. Namun, kadar gula berpengaruh nyata pada durasi fermentasi dan penggunaan molase pada POC.Kata kunci : molase, bioaktivator EM4, kadar gula,  pupuk organik cair
Keanekaragaman Hayati Kupu-kupu Berbasis Pelestarian Lingkungan di Taman Nasional Bantimurung-Bulusaraung
Authors: Ngatimin Sri Nur Aminah , Nasruddin Andi , Gassa Ahdin , Abdullah Tamrin
Published: July 2019

Taman Nasional Bantimurung-Bulusaraung adalah salah satu habitat kupu-kupu di Sulawesi Selatan. Sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu terjadi penurunan populasi kupu-kupu yang sangat cepat karena kerusakan hutan dan perburuan liar oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah mempelajari habitat dan preferensi kupu-kupu terhadap tumbuhan pakan di Taman Nasional Bantimurung-Bulusaraung. Pelaksanaan kegiatan menggunakan metode survei dengan pemasangan transek berdasarkan habitat kupu-kupu di Taman Nasional Bantimurung-Bulusaraung Kabupaten Maros mulai bulan Juli sampai September 2017. Hasil pengamatan habitat kupu-kupu menunjukkan kupu-kupu paling banyak berada di lapangan terbuka yakni 18 ekor (35.3%), 12 ekor (23.5%) berada di hutan sekunder dan 6 ekor (11.8%) memilih berada dekat aliran air. Berdasarkan fungsi tumbuhan, 3 famili kupu-kupu menunjukkan preferensi terhadap tumbuhan penghasil nektar dan 4 famili kupu-kupu memilih tumbuhan penghasil daun untuk meletakkan telurnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa lapangan terbuka (mating area) dan hutan sekunder merupakan habitat yang paling disukai oleh kupu-kupu untuk perkembangannya. Caesalpinia pulcherrima dan Clerodendron japonicum dapat digunakan sebagai sumber nektar kupu-kupu di Taman Nasional Bantimurung-Bulusaraung. Untuk jangka panjang diperlukan kerjasama antara Perguruan Tinggi, pemerintah daerah dan instansi terkait dalam melakukan pelestarian lingkungan hidup kupu-kupu di Sulawesi Selatan.Kata kunci : Bantimurung, habitat, keanekaragaman hayati, kupu-kupu, tumbuhan pakan
HUBUNGAN KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DENGAN KELIMPAHAN IKAN KARANG TARGET DI PERAIRAN PULAU TINABO BESAR, TAMAN NASIONAL TAKA BONERATE, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Ghiffar Muhammad Albar , Irham Andi , Harahap Syawaludin A. , Kurniawaty Nia , Astuty Sri
Published: July 2019

This research aims to understand the condition of coral reef (life coral), the abundance of reef target fishes, and the corellation between those two variables. This research has been conducted in Tinabo Besar Island with 6 sampling stations in 5-6 meter depth. Data collected are substrate cover precentage (life form), and the number of reef target fish appeared from 7 specified families (Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Haemulidae, Lethrinidae, Scaridae, Siganidae, and Acanthuridae) using Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC). Substrate cover analyzed using CPCe software with life coral, dead coral, algae, abiotic, and other biota cover output. Mortality Index (MI) obtained from the ratio of life coral and dead coral. The result shows that percentage of life coral coverlie between 11.87% to 38.80%, with dominance of Coral Masive (CM). It’s mean that the coral reef condition is in poor to moderate category. Coral death ratio is low with MI between 0.15 to 0.30. Reef target fish total abundance is 493 individual/2100m2 from 31 species, with dominance from Lutjanidae family (173 individual). The result shows positive and strong enough correlation between coral reef coverage and reef target fish abundance (r=0.65) with Determinantion Coefficient at 42.55%. Linear regression is y=-12.929+3.7562x, where in every addition of coral reef cover percentage, resulted in addition of 4 fishes.Keyword: life coral, abundance, reef target fish, correlation, Tinabo Besar Island
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ZOOXANTHELLAE OF ISOPORA PALIFERA AND ACROPORA HYACINTHUS FROM KARANRANG ISLAND, INDONESIA
Authors: Hasanah Alinda N , Rukminasari Nita , Yunus Budiman , Yanuarita Dewi , Jompa Jamaluddin , Suharto Suharto , Inaku Dwi Fajriati
Published: July 2019

Climate change and global warming cause massive damage to the environment. One of the major events that arethreatening the marine ecosystem is coral bleaching. Coral bleaching occurs when corals are exposed to above or belownormal temperatures. The aims of this study are to compare the resistance of Isopora palifera and Acropora hyacinthusfrom Karanrang Island to temperature stress. Four treatment temperatures (28ºC, 30ºC, 32ºC, and 34ºC) were tested toassess the role of temperature stress and bleaching to Isopora palifera and Acropora hyacinthus for 48-hours. Theabundance of zooxanthellae counted as the temperature stress variable. The results showed that there was a difference ofcoral response tothe treatment based on the time of experiment, after 48-hours experimentexposed at temperaturetreatment of 34°C the abundance of zooxanthellae from Isopora paliferawas 0,06 x105 cm-2 and the abundance ofzooxanthellae from Acropora hyacinthus is 0,18 x105cm-2. In comparison between species, Isoporapalifera taken fromKaranrang Island was more resistant to temperature stress thanAcroporahyacinthus.
DISTRIBUTION OF PELAGIC FISH IN SOUTH CHINA SEA USING GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Hidayat Esa Fajar , Pujiyati Sri , Suman Ali , Hestirianoto Totok
Published: July 2019

Pelagic fish are spesies that live in water column at depth of 100 to 200 meters from surface. They migrate as a group looking for nutrient and spawning place. Potential fisheries comodities in Indonesia including pelagic fish have high economic value. Then, stock assessment of pelagic fish measurement is important to researched. The research was conducted in May – June 2016 surrounding South China Sea waters using Madidihang 02 Research Vessel operated by Marine Fisheries Affair (MFA) Republic of Indonesia. To estimate the density of pelagic fish hydro-accoustic equipment and oceanography parameters were used and measured during the campaign. The split beam echosounder was use in aim to obtain precission position and number of fish target. The highest density of fish was found around Tambelan Island and Anambas Island. Statistically pelagic fish density has correlation with chlorophyll-a, salinity, temperature, and sea current velocity. The statistical analysis between pelagic fish density and those oceanography parameters (as statistic variables) yields positive vector correlation.
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS WITHIN HARD CORAL Porites lutea IN SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Samawi Muhammad Farid , Werorilangi Shinta , Tambaru Rahmadi , Rastina Rastina
Published: July 2019

Hard coral Porites lutea is an animal that lives on the ocean floor. This species may live for years and accumulate heavy metals from its surrounding environments. The aims of this study was to know accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu) pollution by Porites lutea at different islands in Spermonde Archipelago waters. This study used field surveys around Laelae, Bonebatang and Badi Islands of South Sulawesi. Field parameters measured were oceanographic parameters, metals in water and sediment. Hard coral was extracted using nitric acid, then measured its heavy metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Several field parameters such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen indicated no differences at each location, whereas the difference was observed in the values of Total Suspended Solid and dissolved oxygen. The results showed the accumulation of heavy metals in the skeleton of Porites lutea was Pb>Cu>Cd and Laelae>Bonebatang>Badi Island.
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHLOROPHYLL-A IN SOUTHERN PART OF THE MAKASSAR STRAIT
Authors: Daming Wasir Samad , Amran Muhammad Anshar , Muhiddin Amir Hamzah , Tambaru Rahmadi
Published: July 2019

Surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) distribution have been analyzed with seasonal variation during southeast monsoon in southern part of Makassar Strait and Flores Sea. Satellite data of Landsat-8 is applied to this study to formulate the distribution of chlorophyll concentration during monsoonal wind period. The distribution of chlorophyll concentration was normally peaked condition in August during southeast monsoon. Satellite data showed that a slowdown in the rise of the distribution of chlorophyll in September with a lower concentration than normal is likely due to a weakening the strength of southeast trade winds during June – July – August 2016. Further analysis shows that the southern part of the Makassar strait is likely occurrence of upwelling characterized by increase in surface chlorophyll concentrations were identified as the potential area of fishing ground.
BIODIVERSITY OF MARINE TUNICATES IN SAMALONA WATERS, SANGKARANG ARCHIPELAGO, INDONESIA
Authors: Litaay Magdalena , Santosa Slamet , Johannes Eva , Agus Rosana , Moka Willem , Tanjung Jennyta Dhewi Darmansyah
Published: July 2019

The study aims to know the biodiversity and community structure of marine tunicate in Samalona waters. The present study is part of biodiversity assessment for marine resources of Sangkarang Archipelago SW Makassar Indonesia. Field campaign was conducted from October to November 2016. Sample collection was done at 3 and 7 m depth by using Line Intersection Transect (LIT) method combined with a quadrat (plot). Two 50 m transects were placed parallel to a shore line at three stations (sta.) at Samalona waters. A quadrat (plot) (2.5 m x 2.5 m) was placed side by side of the line transect and all tunicates in the transect was recorded, identified, counted and photographed. Samples were collected by using SCUBA and under water camera. Environmental parameters including water temperatue, salinity, dissolved oxygen, clarity, current and wind speed, were measured in situ. Data were analysed using ecological indices including species composition and density, Shanon Wienner species diversity, Evenness, and Morisita Indices. The result indicates that there are 18 species of tunicates present at 3 m as well as 7 m depth of Samalona waters.. Result of the ecological analysis shows that species diversity can be categorized as moderate and there were no dominant species. Environmental parameters indicates that water quality at Samalona waters was in good condition to support tunicates.
BED SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE RIVER ESTUARY AND COASTAL SEA OF MALILI (SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA)
Authors: Lanuru Mahatma , Yusuf Syafyudin
Published: July 2019

Bed sediment characteristics and distribution is one of the important parameters in determining the management plan and utilization of estuarine and coastal waters.  The objective of this study was to analyze sediment distribution and determine dominant oceanographic factors controlling the distribution of bed sediment in the river estuary and coastal sea of Malili. Sediment samples were collected using a grab sampler at ten stations, namely four stations in the river estuary and six stations in the adjacent coastal sea for grain size and sediment organic content analysis. The results showed that the bed sediment along the river estuary consisted of silt, very fine sand, fine sand, and medium sand with organic content varying from 1.31 to 7.18 %. In the coastal sea, bed sediment was dominated by silt with a higher organic content of 2.25 - 7.31%
ANALYSIS OF CAUSING FACTORS ON THE APPEARANCE OF HABS IN COASTAL WATER OF MAKASSAR
Authors: Tambaru Rahmadi , La Nafie Yayu A. La Nafie , Junaidi Astrid W.
Published: July 2019

HABs were types of phytoplankton considered dangerous in the sea. Its appearance was triggered by an increase in nutrients and the presence of physical and chemical factors in the optimal conditions to support its growth. For that reason, research on the analysis of the causes of the emergence of HABs in the coastal waters of Makassar has been carried out. The implementation is carried out from March to June 2017 using non-experimental methods. The results showed that there were seven types of HABs, such as Protoperidinium, Gymnodinium, Ceratium, Prorocentrum, Gyrodinium, Gonyaulax, and Dinophysis. That types from the Dinophyceae Class. The appearance of the types of HABs was due to the influence of temperature with the relationship were very strong and positive.
SPESIES TUMBUHAN ASLI, INTRODUKSI DAN INVASIF DI PULAU BARRANGCADDI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Priosambodo Dody , Amri Khairul , Lanuru Mahatma
Published: July 2019

Penelitian tentang inventarisasi spesies tumbuhan di pulau Barrangcaddi yang berpenduduk padat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan asli, tumbuhan introduksi dan tumbuhan invasif di Pulau Barrangcaddi. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan mencatat semua spesies tumbuhan yang ditemukan selama penjelajahan di pulau Barrangcaddi. Seluruh sampel di foto. Sampel tumbuhan yang tidak diketahui namanya, di ambil bagian-bagiannya, kemudian dikoleksi dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Ilmu Lingkungan dan Kelautan, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Hasanuddin. Identifikasi sampel menggunakan buku: An Annotated Check-List of The Vascular Plants of The South China Sea and Its Shores oleh Turner et al. (2000) dan Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia oleh Wim Giesen et al. (2007) untuk spesies hutan pantai; Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation oleh Kirsten Albrecht Llamas (2003) untuk spesies tanaman hias dan tanaman budidaya/introduksi serta Nonnative Invasive Plants of Pacific Coast Forest. A Field Guide for Identification oleh Gray et al. (2011) dan Guide to The Naturalized and Invasive Plants of Southeast Asia oleh Arne Witt (2017) untuk spesies tumbuhan invasif. Dari hasil penelitian di pulau Barrangcaddi tercatat sebanyak 142 spesies tumbuhan dari 51 suku. Sebagian besar didominasi oleh tanaman hias dan budidaya (introduksi) dengan 103 spesies dari 42 suku diikuti spesies asli (native species) dengan jumlah 29 spesies dari 19 suku. Spesies invasif tercatat paling sedikit dengan jumlah 10 spesies dari 5 suku. Sebagian besar tutupan vegetasi dari spesies asli telah hilang akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi permukiman.
STRUKTUR JENIS DAN UKURAN IKAN Siganus. Spp PADA EKOSISTEM PADANG LAMUN DI TELUK MACCINI BAJI, PULAU TANAKEKE, KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Sari Sri Panda , Budimawan Budimawan , La Nafie Yayu Anugrah
Published: July 2019

Ikan Siganus merupakan ikan herbivora yang hidup di padang lamun sebagai tempat asuhan, pembesaran, dan tempat mencari makan. Namun, Informasi tentang ikan Siganus di padang lamun Teluk Maccini Baji, Pulau Tanakeke, Kabupaten Takalar masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan struktur jenis dan ukuran ikan Siganus di Teluk Maccini Baji, Pulau Tanakeke, Kabupaten Takalar, dan mengetahui kondisi lamun yang meliputi kerapatan, persen tutupan dan dominansi jenis lamun. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan Juni sampai dengan Desember 2019. Stasiun sampling dipilih berdasarkan tipe ekosistem padang lamun dari arah luar teluk ke arah dalam teluk yaitu stasiun Lamun-Karang, Lamun-Lamun, dan Lamun-Mangrove. Pada masing-masing stasiun, ditentukan luasan 50x100 m untuk pengambilan sampel ikan sebanyak delapan kali ulangan (hauling), dengan menggunakan gill net (panjang 50 meter; lebar 50 cm; ukuran mata jaring 1,5 inci) yang ditarik dengan perahu motor. Pengambilan data lamun juga dilakukan di dalam setiap stasiun. Tiga transek garis diletakkan dalam masing-masing stasiun dengan interval 50 meter. Sepanjang transek garis, dilakukan pengamatan lamun di dalam kuadran 50x50cm, sebanyak 6 kuadran dengan interval 10 meter. Jumlah keseluruhan ikan Siganus yang ditemukan sebanyak 51 ekor yang umumnya tergolong remaja. Komposisi jenis ikan Siganus yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian yaitu S. canaliculatus, S. guttatus, S. punctatus, S. spinus, dan S. virgatus. Kerapatan lamun total berkisar antara 668 ind/m2. hingga 1595 ind/m2, dengan penutupan lamun berkisar 36,4% hingga 56,9%. Komposisi jenis lamun yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, dan Thalassia hemprichii
The clinical features and prognosis of infective endocarditis in the elderly from 2007-2016 in a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Wu Zhenzhu , Chen Yi , Xiao Tingting , Niu Tianshui , Shi Qingyi , xiao Yonghong
Published: July 2019

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease, with a worse prognosis in the elderly.
Aims To explore the clinical features and prognosis of old patients with IE in a tertiary hospital.
Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 407 patients diagnosed as IE were divided into two groups: 348 patients under 65 years old and 59 patients over 65 years old.
Results For older patients, clinical symptoms such as fever, anemia, and heart murmur were as common as in younger patients. Comorbidities like hypertension (P＜0.001) and diabetes (P=0.023) were more common in older patients. Complications like renal insufficiency (P=0.027) and arrhythmia (P＜0.001) were also more common in older patients. The old patients had a lower operation rate (40.7% vs 60.6%, P=0.004) and higher in-hospital mortality (20.3% vs 8.9%, P=0.008) compared with the younger patients. Pitt score ≥4 (P=0.043, OR=28.0, 95% CI 1.1-700.4) and renal insufficiency (P=0.011, OR=34.2, 95% CI 2.2-521.2) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality for older patients. Surgical treatment was a significant predictor of one-year mortality even after adjusting for the confounders (HR = 1.722, 95% CI 0.563-5.365, P = 0.005).The one-year survival rate was higher for older patients with surgical intervention than those without (95.8% vs 68.6%, P=0.007).
Conclusions IE in older patients present with more comorbidities and complications as well as a higher mortality than younger patients. Surgery were underused in old patients and old patients with surgical treatment had better long-term prognosis.
Lack of Impact of NPO Time on Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy Resuscitation in AM versus PM Case Starts: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Field R Ryan , Mai Tuan , Hanna Samouel , Harrington Brian , Calderon Michael-David , Rinehart Joseph
Published: July 2019

Background: Goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) represents an objective fluid replacement algorithm. The effect of provider variability remains a confounder. Overhydration worsens perioperative morbidity and mortality; therefore, the impact of the calculated NPO deficit prior to the operating room may reach harm.
Methods: A retrospective single-institution study analyzed patients at UC Irvine Medical Center main operating rooms from September 1, 2013 through September 1, 2015 receiving GDFT. The primary study question asked if GDFT suggested different fluid resuscitation after different NPO periods, while reducing inter-provider variability. We created two patient groups distinguished by 0715 surgical start time or start time after 1200. We analyzed fluid administration totals with either a 1:1 crystalloid to colloid ratio or a 1:3 ratio. We performed direct group-wise testing on total administered volume expressed as total ml, total ml/hr, and total ml/kg/hr between the AM and PM groups. A linear regression model included all baseline covariates that differed between groups as well as plausible confounding factors for differing fluid needs. Finally, we combined all patients from both groups, and created NPO time to total administered fluid scatterplots to assess the effect of patient-reported NPO time on fluid administration.
Results: Whether reported by total administered volume or net fluid volume, and whether we expressed the sum as ml, ml/hr, or ml/kg/hr, the AM group received more fluid on average than the PM group in all cases. In the general linear models, for all significant independent variables evaluated, AM vs PM case start did not reach significance in both cases at p=0.64 and p=0.19, respectively. In scatterplots of NPO time to fluid volumes, absolute adjusted and unadjusted R2 values are < 0.01 for each plot, indicating virtually non-existent correlations between uncorrected NPO time and fluid volumes measured.
Conclusions: This study showed NPO periods do not influence a patient’s volume status just prior to presentation to the operating room for surgical intervention. We hope this data will influence the practice of providers routinely replacing calculated NPO period volume deficit; particularly with those presenting with later surgical case start times.
Protein extraction method of Metroxylon sagu leaf for high resolution two dimensional gel electrophoresis and comparative proteomics
Authors: Nisar Mehvish , Hussain Hasnain
Published: July 2019

Objective
This study aimed to determine the best protein extraction method of Metroxylon sagu for the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the comparative analysis.

Results
To perform good proteome research, the most critical step is to establish a method that gives the best quality of extracted total proteins. To develop an optimized protein extraction protocol for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis of Metroxylon sagu, five protein extraction protocols were compared; polyethene glycol (PEG) fractionation method, SDS/phenol method, TCA/acetone method, combination SDS/phenol and TCA/acetone and imidazole method. The PEG fractionation method was found to give the most reproducible gels with the highest number of spots and highest protein concentration followed by SDS/Phenol method. The lowest number of spots were observed in Imidazole method. The PEG fractionation method provides improved resolution and reproducibility of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and reduces the time required to analyze samples. Partitioning rubisco by polyethene glycol (PEG) fractionation provides clearer detection of low-abundance protein. Hence the result from this study propose PEG fractionation as the effective protein extraction method for 2-DE proteomic studies of Metroxylon sagu.
Effectiveness of Music Therapy for Alleviating Pain During Shunt Punctures for Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis: A Multi-facility, Single-blind, Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kishida Masatsugu , Yamada Yosuke , Inayama Emi , Kitamura Mineaki , Nishino Tomoya , Ota Keiko , Shintani Ayumi , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi
Published: July 2019

Background
Repeated pain during shunt vessel punctures is a serious problem for haemodialysis patients, even when prescribed external analgesics. While some studies have observed the efficacy of music therapy for improving pain and anxiety, its effectiveness during vessel punctures during dialysis is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of music therapy for pain when cannulating a shunt blood vessel for haemodialysis patients.
Methods
A prospective, multi-facility, single-blind, crossover, randomised controlled trial will be implemented. The intervention includes listening to Mozart, along with a white noise control condition. One hundred twenty haemodialysis patients will be enrolled across five facilities. Patients will be randomly allocated to either an Early-sequence group or a Later-sequence group. The Early-sequence group will receive puncture while listening to Mozart’s Sonata for 2 pianos in D major (K.448) during the second week (Music period) and white noise during the fourth week (White noise period). The Later-sequence group will receive puncture along with white noise first, followed by Mozart. All patients will also undergo puncture during a ‘no-sound period (only wearing headphones) during the first and third week (No-sound period). The music or no-music protocol will begin 8 minutes prior to the puncturing procedure, and participants will finish listening after starting haemodialysis during each period. The primary outcomes that will be assessed include the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for pain during puncture, and secondary outcomes such as blood pressure, heart rate, VAS anxiety score, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score, and salivary amylase activity. The operator will be blind to each listening condition and VAS report.
Discussion
The proposed study has several methodological benefits. First, using white noise is a suitable control condition for addressing the role of sound on pain management. Additionally, using a crossover design with repeated measurements can help control individual differences between participants, which should better distinguish between- and within-participant variability. Overall, music therapy is a safe and inexpensive intervention that does not have the problematic side effects typically associated with pharmacological treatment. If effective, music therapy can be easily implemented for reducing pain and anxiety during cannulation.
Transarticular external fixation versus deltoid ligament repair in treating SER IV ankle fractures: a comparative study
Authors: Li Bohua , Wang Shanxi , Zhang Zhengdong , Yang Hai , Li Jun , Li Qin , LIU Lei
Published: July 2019

Background
The topic that whether the injured deltoid ligament should be repaired when associated with ankle joint fractures is still discussed. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical effect of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with or without deltoid ligament repair (DLR) in treating supination-external rotation type IV (SER IV) ankle fractures.
Methods
Between January 2012 and December 2015, 43 patients were diagnosed as SER IV ankle fractures, 20 underwent ORIF and transarticular external fixation (TEF) without DLR (group 1), 23 were treated with ORIF and DLR (group 2). The pre- and post-operative radiographic examination were performed, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, the visual analog scale (VAS), the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36-item questionnaire score (SF-36), and the ankle range of motion (ROM) were used for functional evaluation.
Results
In both groups, the three scores improved significantly after surgery, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. At 6 weeks after surgery, patients in group 2 had better ankle ROM than group 1 (29.35 ± 2.033 vs. 40.35 ± 3.550, P < 0.001), but there was no difference at 12 months postoperatively. No cases of bone nonunion or post-traumatic arthritic changes were seen during the follow-up. Patients in group 1 required a shorter time to achieve fracture union than patients in group 2.
Conclusions
ORIF with TIF is an optional strategy to manage SER IV ankle fractures as it achieves comparable functional results to ORIF with DLR. It also allows patients to start relatively earlier weight-bearing and may promote fracture union.
Feasibility and Evaluation of a Large-Scale External Validation Approach for Patient-Level Prediction in an International Data Network
Authors: Reps Jenna Marie , Williams Ross , You Seng Chan , Falconer Thomas , Minty Evan , Callahan Alison , Ryan Patrick B , Park Rae Woong , Rijnbeek Peter
Published: July 2019

Objective
To demonstrate how the Observational Healthcare Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI) collaborative network and standardization can be utilized to externally validate patient-level prediction models at scale.

Materials & Methods
Five previously published prognostic models (ATRIA, CHADS2, CHADS2VASC, Q-Stroke and Framingham) that predict future risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation were replicated using the OHDSI frameworks and a network study was run that enabled the five models to be externally validated across nine datasets spanning three countries and five independent sites.

Results
The five existing models were able to be integrated into the OHDSI framework for patient-level prediction and their performances in predicting stroke within 1 year of initial atrial fibrillation diagnosis for females were comparable with existing studies. The validation network study took 60 days once the models were replicated and an R package for the study was published to collaborators at https://github.com/OHDSI/StudyProtocolSandbox/tree/master/ExistingStrokeRiskExternalValidation.

Discussion
This study demonstrates the ability to scale up external validation of patient-level prediction models using a collaboration of researchers and data standardization that enable models to be readily shared across data sites. External validation is necessary to understand the transportability and reproducibility of prediction models, but without collaborative approaches it can take three or more years to be validated by one independent researcher.

Conclusion
In this paper we show it is possible to both scale-up and speed-up external validation by showing how validation can be done across multiple databases in less than 2 months.
Development and preliminary validation of a brief Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefit Questionnaire (NPPBQ)
Authors: HU Yanli , HU Jing , Li Liping , ZHAO Bin , LIU Xiaohong , Li Fan
Published: July 2019

Objective

To develop and psychometrically test a brief Nurses' Perceived Professional Benefit Questionnaire (NPPBQ).

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

After expert consultation and nurse interviews, a primary questionnaire was developed for exploratory factor analysis(EFA). Seventeen items NPPBQ were used for a verification of content validity and the theorized factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The NPPBQ’s concurrent validity was evaluated. Three samples with nurses were collected in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing between November 2017-August 2018.

Results

The results of EFA and CFA verified five dimensions of nurses’ occupational benefit discovery. The results demonstrated adequate internal consistency of the NPPBQvand its fully consistent with theorized factor structure. This 5-factor solution explaining adequate percent of the total variance was supported. The Cronbach’s alpha for each dimension of the NPPBQ was good. Concurrent validity with every aspect of the MBI showed significant correlation.

Conclusions

The results suggests that the NPPBQ is a psychometrically sound measure for evaluating perceived professional benefits in a wide range of nurses.
Chinese herbal medicine Tangshen Formula Treatment For Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease in Early Stage : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jin De , Huang Wen-Jing , Meng Xiang , Yang Fan , Bao Qi , Zhang Mei-zhen , Yang Ya-nan , Lian Feng-Mei , Ni Qing , Tong Xiao-Lin
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end stage kidney disease(ESKD) and It has become a heavy economic and social burden due to its high prevalence and morbidity. However, the current therapies for DKD are not entirely perfect. The most effective strategy is that patients with DKD should be diagnosed and treated early. Preliminary studies showed the Chinese herbal Tangshen Formula(TSF) may delay the progression of DKD, reducing micro-and macro-albuminuria, improving renal function. This trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of TSF used in combination with conventional treatment.
Methods/design: We are implementing a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, clinical trial as a means of evaluating the effectiveness and safety of TSF. 623 participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to an experiment group (TSF plus Losartan) and a control group (placebo plus Losartan). The trial cycle lasts 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be changes in ACR from baseline to 24 weeks between the two groups and ACR will be compared at baseline and treatment endpoint in each group. The secondary outcome will be changes in the ratio of progression into the clinical proteinuria period after intervention, Urine micro albumin negative conversion rate, the ratio of normal urinary micro albumin, doubling rate of baseline creatinine value and GFR between the two groups. Safety in medication will also be evaluated.

Discussion: We hypothesize that type 2 diabetic patients in early stage of DKD will benefit from TSF. If successful, this study will provide an evidence-based complementary remedies for delaying the progression of DKD.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03009864)

Keywords: Diabetes Kidney Disease, Traditional Chinese medicine, Treatment, Clinical trials，Randomized controlled trial
Designing a novel pre-hospital treatment decision model based on transcranial ultrasound and clinical assessment for patients with suspected acute stroke: exploratory study
Authors: Antipova Daria , Eadie Leila , Shannon Helen , Wilson Philip , Macaden Ashish
Published: July 2019

Background and objectives

Earlier initiation of reperfusion therapy for patients with acute ischaemic stroke is associated with better outcomes. The current exploratory study presents a planned interim analysis aiming to validate a theoretical treatment decision model to select subjects who could benefit from early thrombolysis and/or direct transfer for mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods

Consecutive subjects suspected of having suffered a stroke within the last 72 hours were recruited. Transcranial grey-scale and Doppler ultrasonography was performed within 24 hours of brain computed tomography. The National Institutes of Health Stroke score (NIHSS), modified Rankin Score and medical history were collected retrospectively. Hospital discharge diagnosis was used as the gold standard. Comparative analyses were performed to identify variables that could assist in designing the treatment decision model. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated.

Results

Among a total number of 50 recruited patients, 27 had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke, including 10 cases with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Stroke patients were more likely to be older (p=0.03) and to have NIHSS total score ≥9 (p=0.021). NIHSS ≥4 (p=0.032), atrial fibrillation (p=0.033) and cortical signs (p=0.005) were significant indicators of LVO.

The proposed model based on grey-scale/Doppler findings and clinical assessment showed 77% sensitivity and 92% specificity (77% PPV, 92% NPV) for making a decision to initiate reperfusion therapy. Ultrasound findings improved the performance of a model based on clinical data alone (50% sensitivity, 89% specificity, 64% PPV, 82% NPV).

Subjects with a stroke mimicking condition were more likely to have been given reperfusion therapy inappropriately using this model, but no subjects with haemorrhage would have received intravenous thrombolysis. Insufficient acoustic window was seen in approximately 40% of included participants.

Conclusions

The proposed treatment decision model might potentially be used for selecting subjects with ischaemic stroke who would benefit from early initiation of reperfusion therapy or immediate transfer for endovascular intervention. A larger sample is required to establish performance of the model with an acceptable degree of precision.
Rifampin resistance-associated mutations in the RIF resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Shanghai, China
Authors: Guo Yinjuan , Cao Xingwei , Yang Jinghui , Wu Xiaocui , Liu Yin , Wan Baoshan , Hu Longhua , Yu Fangyou
Published: July 2019

Background: Resistance to rifampin (RIF) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with mutations in the rpoB gene coding for the beta-subunit of RNA polymerase. The contribution of many individual rpoB mutations to the development and level of RIF resistance remains elusive. Our objective for this study was to investigate the relationship between specific rpoB mutations and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of RIF and rifabutin (RFB) against M.tuberculosis.
Methods: We collected 195 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis including 105 RIF-resistant and 90 RIF-susceptible isolates from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital in China. The MICs of antituberculosis drugs in 7H10 Middlebrook medium for clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were determined. Strains were screened for rpoB mutations by DNA extraction, rpoB gene amplification, and DNA sequencing analysis.
Results: Twenty different types of mutations were identified in the rpoB gene. One hundred isolates (95.24%) were found to have mutations in the RIF resistance-determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene. Three rpoB mutations were identified in 90 RIF-susceptible isolates. Out of 105 isolates, 86 (81.90%) were cross-resistant to both RIF and RFB. The most frequent mutation occurred at codon 531 (65.71%), followed by 526 (8.57%). We also found a novel nine-nucleotide (ATCATGCAT) deletion (between positions 1543 and 1551) in the rpoB gene among two strains (1.90%) with resistance to RIF, but susceptibility to RFB. In addition, the mutation frequency at codon 531 was significantly higher in RIF-resistant/RFB-resistant (RIFR/RFBR) strains than in RIFR/RFBS strains (75.58% versus 21.05%), whereas the mutation frequency at codon 516 was significantly lower in RIFR/RFBR strains than in RIFR/RFBS strains (1.16% versus 26.32%). The MICs of RIF against 87.62% (92/105) of the M.tuberculosis isolates were ≥ 16 µg/mL.
Conclusions: Our data supported previous findings that various rpoB mutations are associated with differential levels of resistance to RIF. The specific mutations of the rpoB gene in RIFR/RFBR isolates differed from those in RIFR/RFBS isolates. A novel deletion mutation in the RRDR might be associated with resistance to RIF, but not to RFB. Further clinical studies are required to investigate the efficacy of RFB in the treatment of M. tuberculosis infections, which harbor the mutations.
Early upregulation of AR and steroidogenesis enzyme expressions after 3 months of androgen-deprivation therapy.
Authors: Hamid Agus Rizal A.H. , Putra Harun Kusuma , Sari Ningrum Paramita , Diana Putri , Sesari Saras Serani , Novita Eka , Gultom Fajar Lamhot , Saraswati Meilania , Tanurahardja Budiana , Asmarinah Asmarinah , Umbas Rainy , Mochtar Chaidir Arief
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study would like to evaluate the early response of intraprostatic androgen receptor (AR) and steroidogenic enzyme gene expressions in ADT.

Methods

Prostate tissue samples were taken from PCa patients with urinary retention, who had ADT (ADT- PCa; n=10), and further grouped into ≤12 months (n=4) and ADT >12 months (n=6). ADT-PCa group were then compared with BPH (n=12) and primary (no treatment) PCa tissues (n=16). AR and steroidogenic enzyme genes were extracted from Formalin Fixed Paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues and analysed using rtPCR. Protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry of specific antibodies.

Results

AR gene expression was found higher in ADT-PCa group compared to BPH and primary PCa. Both ADT ≤12 and > 12 months subgroups had significantly higher relative gene expression of AR (p 0.01 and 0.03) compared to primary PCa. AR protein expression in ADT-PCa group showed an increase trend in ADT ≤12 months subgroup and a significantly elevated expression AR protein in ADT >12 months subgroup compared with PCa (100%; p <0.01). Half (50%) of ADT ≤12 months patients were found to have upregulation of AR, and one undergone upregulation from only 3 months of ADT. A trend of elevating relative gene expression and protein expression of SRD5A1 and SRD5A3 were also found in one patient with 3 months of ADT.

Conclusion

There are upregulation of AR and steroidogenic enzymes in ADT-PCa patients, as early as 3 months without showing PSA elevation. Steroidogenic enzyme, especially SRD5A, expression was also upregulated before PSA rises.
External Factors Causing Students’ Difficulties in Listening
Authors: Pratiwi Kartika , Andriyanti Erna
Published: July 2019

To become a good speaker, one has to be a good listener because naturally people cannot speak properly before listening first. Listening is an important requirement, and also a basic competence to be a good speaker in English. Listening is not an easy process since one who listens must be able to distinguish between sounds, understand the vocabulary and grammatical structures, as well as interpret the meaning at the same time. Listening in English requires focus and attention yet, in fact, many students tend to have several difficulties to focus in listening practice. The article aims to show the external factors affecting the students’ difficulty within each process of listening comprehension. The external factors include the speaker, the context of material, and the physical setting. By adopting qualitative design, it is found that the external factors have the higher potential to influence the students’ focus negatively than the students’ physical condition and behavior which are known as internal factors. Moreover, through several findings based on the library research, it is revealed that the external factors are linked to each process of listening. Suggestions with the effective ways to resolve the difficulties in listening are provided.
Revisiting PQ4R and CSR for Teaching Reading Skills for Adolescents
Authors: Oktarini Ryan , Sugirin Sugirin
Published: July 2019

The developing technonolgy brings the teenagers to the world interaction without boundary. Teenagers, or adolescents, are demanded to be able to master English. Thus, teaching and learning reading skills has become one essential factor to help them to master English. The aims of this research are to find out the effectiveness of PQ4R and Collaborative Strategic Reading on students’ reading skill development for adolescents; (2) to find out the most effective technique for teaching reading skill for adolescents. This study was a quasi-experimental research with two experimental groups and one control group. The three variables used were PQ4R, Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR), and Conventional techniques. The sample of this study were grade X Science 1, X Social 1 and X Social 2 who had homogenous reading level who were selected by using Cluster Random Sampling. The quantitative data were collected by using pretest and posttest to assess the reading comprehension. The result indicated that there was a difference in the students’ reading achievement given different treatment. Students taught using PQ4R had an improvement from 61.75 to 71.63 while students taught using CSR had improvement from 63.32 to 75.50. Students taught using conventional technique also indicated improvement from 62.5 to 68.38. The most effective technique was CSR compared to PQ4R and Conventional techniques. The improvement of students’ reading skill development reach 15.9% while the improvement using PQ4R was 19.25% 9 and using conventional technique was 9.28%. Therefore, it can be concluded that CSR was the most effective technique for teaching reading skills for adolescents compared to PQ4R and conventional techniques