bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration phenomena for fractional magnetic NLS equations
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo
Published: May 2021

We study the multiplicity and concentration of complex-valued solutions for a fractional magnetic Schrödinger equation involving a scalar continuous electric potential satisfying a local condition and a continuous nonlinearity with subcritical growth. The main results are obtained by applying a penalization technique, generalized Nehari manifold method and Ljusternik–Schnirelman theory. We also prove a Kato's inequality for the fractional magnetic Laplacian which we believe to be useful in the study of other fractional magnetic problems.
Anabaptist two kingdom dualism: metaphysical grounding for non-violence
Authors: Zimmerman Caleb
Published: May 2021

A non-violent position drawn from the Anabaptist tradition (‘two-kingdom dualism’) is contrasted with the Christian pacifism with which that position is commonly conflated. It is argued that two-kingdom dualism more effectively leverages the philosophical and practical features of its particularly Christian character than does Christian pacifism – and that these features may have implications beyond the philosophy of religion.
Income growth in the United Kingdom during late career and after retirement: growing inequalities after deindustrialisation, educational expansion and development of the knowledge-based economy
Authors: Veira-Ramos Alberto , Schmelzer Paul
Published: May 2021

This article shows how late-life incomes from work and pensions evolved in the United Kingdom between 1991 and 2007, the year the Great Recession began. Our main contribution comes from focusing on changes across cohorts in different educational groups while also considering the gender divide. Our statistical analyses based on the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) suggest that deindustrialisation, the expansion of jobs in the knowledge economy and pension reforms affected senior workers’ incomes before and after retirement. Highly qualified senior male workers have profited from increasing income across the cohorts more than any other social group. Such a trend is not observed among highly qualified female workers. Male and female low-qualified senior workers do not show major income loses, but have not benefited to the same extent as highly educated male workers. As a result, pension income inequalities between highly qualified men and the rest have increased. The increasing pensions gap between educational groups can be traced back to the improving situation on the labour market for highly qualified male workers, and to reforms benefiting private pension schemes, where the highly qualified are overrepresented. Thus, the shift in pension provisions towards private pension schemes is clearly disadvantageous for low-qualified male workers and for women of all educational levels, and contributes to the increase of social inequalities.
Residential reasoning: how childless older adults choose between ageing in place (AIP) and institutionalisation in rural China
Authors: Chen Shirly H. Z. , Lou Vivian W. Q.
Published: May 2021

The decision of whether to grow old in one's home (also referred to as ageing in place (AIP)) or relocating to an institution is an ongoing negotiation process, which involves residential decisions and adaptation. This research aims to explore how childless older adults in rural China choose between AIP and institutionalisation. Through a qualitative study conducted in rural China among childless older adults, we explored the reasons why they make certain residential choices and how they adapted during the decision process. Twenty-five childless participants (aged 60–83) were interviewed. Findings suggested that they referred to the term ku (literally meaning ‘bitterness’; and a metaphor referring to ‘conducting farming and farm-related activities’) to explain their residential decisions. If a person could endure ku – sustain food and basic living through farming and farm-related activities, they tended to choose to age in place; otherwise, they chose to relocate to institutions. Ku represents a sense of mastery, encompassing the stressfulness and suffering aspect that requires adaptation. Three adaptive strategies were identified: (a) positive reappraising of the negative aspect of ku, (b) routinising ku, and (c) transcending the narrative of ku into a toughness identity. Our findings suggest that childless older adults struggled to achieve residential mastery while making residential decisions, even though a sense of mastery was shaped by the individual and structural constrictions.
Re-enacting the international order, or: why the Syrian state did not disappear
Authors: Grzybowski Janis
Published: May 2021

At the height of the Syrian civil war, many observers argued that the Syrian state was collapsing, fragmenting, or dissolving. Yet, it never actually vanished. Revisiting the rising challenges to the Syrian state since 2011 – from internal collapse through external fragmentation to its looming dissolution by the ‘Islamic State’ – provides a rare opportunity to investigate the re-enactment of both statehood and international order in crisis. Indeed, what distinguishes the challenges posed to Syria, and Iraq, from others in the region and beyond is that their potential dissolution was regarded as a threat not merely to a – despised – dictatorial regime, or a particular state, but to the state-based international order itself. Regimes fall and states ‘collapse’ internally or are replaced by new states, but the international order is fundamentally questioned only where the territorially delineated state form is contested by an alternative. The article argues that the Syrian state survived not simply due to its legal sovereignty or foreign regime support, but also because states that backed the rebellion, fearing the vanishing of the Syrian nation-state in a transnational jihadist ‘caliphate’, came to prefer its persistence under Assad. The re-enactment of states and of the international order are thus ultimately linked.
Examining the impact of different country processes for appraising rare disease treatments: a case study analysis
Authors: Whittal Amanda , Nicod Elena , Drummond Mike , Facey Karen
Published: May 2021

Background

Conventional appraisal and reimbursement processes are being challenged by the increasing number of rare disease treatments (RDTs) with a small evidence base and often a high price. Processes to appraise RDTs vary across countries; some use standard processes, others have separate processes or adapted processes that explicitly deal with rare disease specificities. The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of different appraisal processes for two RDTs.

Methods

A case study analysis was conducted using countries with different forms of appraisal processes for RDTs for which public health technology assessment (HTA) reports were available. Two contrasting RDTs were chosen according to the criteria: rare versus ultra-rare treatment, affecting child versus adult, life-threatening versus disabling. Information from public HTA reports for each country's RDT appraisal was extracted into templates, allowing a systematic comparison of the appraisals across countries and identification of the impact of the different processes in practice.

Results

Reports from Belgium, England, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Scotland, Sweden, and the USA were selected for nusinersen (for spinal muscular atrophy) and voretigene neparvovec (for inherited retinal disorders). Countries with separate or adapted processes had more consistent approaches for managing RDT-related issues during appraisal, such as stakeholder involvement and criteria to address the specificities of RDTs, creating more transparency in decision-making.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that separate or adapted approaches for RDT appraisal may facilitate more structured, consistent decision-making and better management of RDT specificities.
Composition and structure of mountain forests containing two tropical pines, Pinus krempfii and Pinus dalatensis, on the Da Lat Plateau, southern Vietnam
Authors: Hara Masatoshi , Hoàng Trường Thanh , Tiến Trần Văn , Ohsawa Masahiko
Published: May 2021

We examined the floristic composition and stand structure of tropical mountain forests containing two pine species, Pinus krempfii Lecomte and Pinus dalatensis Ferré, on the Da Lat Plateau in southern Vietnam. A total of 92 tree species were identified, and the greatest species richness at the family level was found in Lauraceae and Fagaceae. Both pine species grew to more than 25 m in height and spread their crowns over the continuous canopy layer. Under crowns of P. krempfii, Castanopsis chinensis, Trigonobalanus verticillata, Engelhardia roxburghiana, and Dendropanax hainanensis constituted the continuous canopy layer. Under crowns of P. dalatensis, pioneer species such as Schima wallichii, Exbucklandia populnea, and Pentaphylax euryoides along with gymnosperms such as Dacrycarpus imbricatus and Dacrydium elatum constituted the continuous canopy layer. Juveniles of P. krempfii were prevalent on the forest floor, but juveniles of P. dalatensis were scarce. We suggest that two pine species have different regeneration requirements related to disturbance and soil condition.
The organisation of stage stations in Central Asian colonial provinces of the Tibetan Empire according to Pelliot tibétain 1096r
Authors: BIALEK JOANNA
Published: May 2021

Based on the first English translation of the Old Tibetan document with the shelf mark Pelliot tibétain 1096 recto, the article analyses the internal organisation of a stage station (sluṅs) in the Central Asian colonial provinces of the Tibetan Empire. It examines officials and offices that constituted a stage station, as well as persons who were using its services. By comparing the information contained in the document with later reports of foreign travellers, the article reconstructs the organisation of a stage station. It also brings to light certain traits that were apparently common to the first historically attested relay system of the Tibetan Empire and the succeeding system introduced by the Mongols during the thirteenth century ce.
“Tear Down These Prison Walls!” Verses of Defiance in the Belarusian Revolution
Authors: Lewis Simon
Published: May 2021

This contribution examines the creative energy behind the ongoing protests in Belarus, with a focus on poetry and music. Belarus is traditionally a “versocentric” society, where poetry and music have historically played important roles in consolidating national culture. In the 2020 protest movement, fast and widespread distribution through social media has made poetry and music a crucial instrument for cementing a sense of collective identity among protestors, establishing transnational solidarity, and affecting the emotional regime of Belarusian society.
Assessing Geochemical Bioenergetics and Microbial Metabolisms at Three Terrestrial Sites of Serpentinization: The Tablelands (NL, CAN), The Cedars (CA, USA), and Aqua de Ney (CA, USA)
Authors: Cook Melissa C. , Blank Jennifer G. , Suzuki Shino , Nealson Kenneth H. , Morrill Penny L.
Published: May 2021

The subsurface process of serpentinization creates an extreme environment for microbial life. This environment includes reducing, ultra‐basic groundwater that is limited in electron acceptors. Despite these challenging conditions, there is a great deal of potential energy available to support microbial metabolisms both in the anaerobic subsurface and in aerobic surface environments where serpentinization associated groundwater discharges. In this study, the available energy was quantified through the calculation of chemical affinities, Ar, for three sites of active serpentinization in North America: the Tablelands (NL, CAN), The Cedars (CA, USA), and Aqua de Ney (CA, USA). The results showed that Ar values for each reaction were similar for all sites studied; however, the available energy varied a great deal from reaction to reaction. For example, the reaction of carbon monoxide oxidation provided the most energy to the system followed closely by hydrogen oxidation and methanotrophy. Potential microbial metabolisms were tested, simulating surface and subsurface conditions, in a laboratory‐based setting using microcosms with materials from each site. During these microcosm experiments, carbon monoxide oxidation was not observed, and there was little evidence of methane oxidation. Unexpectedly, microbial methanogenesis was observed in methane oxidation microcosms using material collected from The Cedars. The microbial production of methane occurred despite the addition of electron acceptors demonstrating the broad tolerance of methanogens at The Cedars for less reducing conditions.
Geospace Plume and Its Impact on Dayside Magnetopause Reconnection Rate
Authors: Zou Ying , Walsh Brian M. , Shi Xueling , Lyons Larry , Liu Jiang , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Ruohoniemi John M. , Coster Anthea J. , Henderson Michael G.
Published: May 2021

The role a geospace plume in influencing the efficiency of magnetopause reconnection is an open question with two contrasting theories being debated. A local‐control theory suggests that a plume decreases both local and global reconnection rates, whereas a global‐control theory argues that the global reconnection rate is controlled by the solar wind rather than local physics. Observationally, limited numbers of point measurements from spacecraft cannot reveal whether a local change affects the global reconnection. A distributed observatory is hence needed to assess the validity of the two theories. We use THEMIS and Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft to identify the occurrence of a geospace plume and its contact with the magnetopause. Global evolution and morphology of the plume is traced using GPS measurements. SuperDARN is then used to monitor the distribution and the strength of dayside reconnection. Two storm‐time geospace plume events are examined and show that as the plume contacts the magnetopause, the efficiency of reconnection decreases at the contact longitude. The amount of local decrease is 81% and 68% for the two events, and both values are consistent with the mass loading effect of the plume if the plume's atomic mass is ∼4 amu. Reconnection in the surrounding is enhanced, and when the solar wind driving is stable, little variation is seen in the cross polar cap potential. This study illuminates a pathway to resolve the role of cold dense plasma on solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling, and the observations suggest that plumes redistribute magnetopause reconnection activity without changing the global strength substantially.
Induced Polarization of Carbonates
Authors: Panwar N. , Revil A. , Sharma R. , Schmutz M. , Duvillard P.A. , Garcia B. , Cerepi A. , Garcia‐Artigas R. , Vaudelet P. , Malet E. , Jaillet S.
Published: May 2021

Complex conductivity measurements of carbonate rocks are scarce despite the occurrence of these rocks at the surface of the Earth. The complex conductivity spectra of 57 carbonate samples were measured in a broad frequency range and at four salinities (NaCl). A simple model of induced polarization is developed to be applied to induced polarization measurements in the field. The in‐phase conductivity (related to conduction) is reported as a function of the pore water conductivity to determine the (intrinsic) formation factor and the surface conductivity. The surface conductivity and the normalized chargeability are linearly correlated to the specific surface area divided by the tortuosity of the pore space. This observation is consistent with a dynamic Stern layer polarization model, the Stern layer being the inner layer of the electrical double layer coating the grains. The quadrature conductivity is observed to be proportional to the measured normalized chargeability in agreement with the prediction of the constant phase model. The effect of the texture is discussed and we observe a power‐law relationship between the permeability and the formation factor. Then, we illustrate how this model can be applied to field data performed over a carbonate syncline in the French Alps. A 1.9 km long profile is used to separate the glacial till infilling the depression from the underlying limestones in terms of induced polarization properties. The induced polarization survey allows imaging the water content and the specific surface area of the formations down to a depth of 220 m.
Generation of Shoreward Nonlinear Internal Waves South of the Hainan Island: Synthetic Aperture Radar Observations and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Jia Tong , Liang Jianjun , Li Qiang , Sha Jin , Li Xiao‐Ming
Published: May 2021

The generation of shoreward nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) on the continental shelf south of the Hainan Island (SHI) is investigated based on spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations and numerical simulations. Two types of shoreward NLIWs are identified from SAR images according to their distinct geographic distribution. One type of NLIWs, named Type‐N NLIWs, is distributed in the northern part of SHI, and the other one is named Type‐S NLIWs, distributed in the southern part of SHI. The SAR‐observed wave occurrence frequency during the spring and neap tides, combined with the calculated body force, suggests that the Type‐N NLIWs originate from the Xisha Islands, whereas the Type‐S NLIWs originate from both the Xisha Islands and the continental shelf break, and the shelf break has a larger contribution. The synergistic analyses of the internal tidal raypath, gamma parameter and earliest SAR‐observed NLIWs suggest that the Type‐N NLIWs are caused by the impingement of the diurnal internal tidal beams emanating from the Xisha Islands on the near‐surface pycnocline close to the continental shelf. Based on the realistic shelf‐slope topography and tidal forcing, the two‐dimensional numerical simulations using the MITgcm suggest that the Type‐S NLIWs result from the nonlinear disintegration of a mode‐1 diurnal internal tide, which develops from a depression formed at the continental shelf break. Furthermore, numerical experiments show that the background current can greatly affect the nonlinear evolution of the internal waves generated at the shelf break.
Coulomb-actuated microbeams revisited: experimental and numerical modal decomposition of the saddle-node bifurcation
Authors: Melnikov Anton , Schenk Hermann A. G. , Monsalve Jorge M. , Wall Franziska , Stolz Michael , Mrosk Andreas , Langa Sergiu , Kaiser Bert
Published: May 2021

Electrostatic micromechanical actuators have numerous applications in science and technology. In many applications, they are operated in a narrow frequency range close to resonance and at a drive voltage of low variation. Recently, new applications, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microspeakers (µSpeakers), have emerged that require operation over a wide frequency and dynamic range. Simulating the dynamic performance under such circumstances is still highly cumbersome. State-of-the-art finite element analysis struggles with pull-in instability and does not deliver the necessary information about unstable equilibrium states accordingly. Convincing lumped-parameter models amenable to direct physical interpretation are missing. This inhibits the indispensable in-depth analysis of the dynamic stability of such systems. In this paper, we take a major step towards mending the situation. By combining the finite element method (FEM) with an arc-length solver, we obtain the full bifurcation diagram for electrostatic actuators based on prismatic Euler-Bernoulli beams. A subsequent modal analysis then shows that within very narrow error margins, it is exclusively the lowest Euler-Bernoulli eigenmode that dominates the beam physics over the entire relevant drive voltage range. An experiment directly recording the deflection profile of a MEMS microbeam is performed and confirms the numerical findings with astonishing precision. This enables modeling the system using a single spatial degree of freedom.
The Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility as a best-practice model for biodiversity data infrastructures
Authors: Schulman Leif , Lahti Kari , Piirainen Esko , Heikkinen Mikko , Raitio Olli , Juslén Aino
Published: May 2021

Biodiversity informatics has advanced rapidly with the maturation of major biodiversity data infrastructures (BDDIs), such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility sharing unprecedented data volumes. Nevertheless, taxonomic, temporal and spatial data coverage remains unsatisfactory. With an increasing data need, the global BDDIs require continuous inflow from local data mobilisation, and national BDDIs are being developed around the world. The global BDDIs are specialised in certain data types or data life cycle stages which, despite possible merits, renders the BDDI landscape fragmented and complex. That this often is repeated at the national level creates counterproductive redundancy, complicates user services, and frustrates funders. Here, we present the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (FinBIF) as a model of an all-inclusive BDDI. It integrates relevant data types and phases of the data life cycle, manages them under one IT architecture, and distributes the data through one service portal under one brand. FinBIF has experienced diverse funder engagement and rapid user uptake. Therefore, we suggest the integrated and inclusive approach be adopted in national BDDI development.
Dissociation kinetics of propane–methane and butane–methane hydrates below the melting point of ice
Authors: Takeya Satoshi , Hachikubo Akihiro
Published: May 2021

For dissociation of C3H8 and C4H10 hydrates below the melting point of ice it is shown that the C3H8 and C4H10 molecules released from dissociating hydrates are likely to accelerate hydrate dissociation.
Determining usefulness of machine learning in materials discovery using simulated research landscapes
Authors: del Cueto Marcos , Troisi Alessandro
Published: May 2021

Simulated research landscapes are used to create data mimicking experimental datasets. We populate the landscapes with different exploration strategies, and compare them to predict the benefit of using particular machine learning-guided strategies.
Correction: Cigarette butt-derived carbons have ultra-high surface area and unprecedented hydrogen storage capacity
Authors: Blankenship L. Scott
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Cigarette butt-derived carbons have ultra-high surface area and unprecedented hydrogen storage capacity’ by L. Scott Blankenship et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, 10, 2552–2562, DOI: 10.1039/C7EE02616A.
Diformylxylose as a new polar aprotic solvent produced from renewable biomass
Authors: Komarova Anastasia O. , Dick Graham R. , Luterbacher Jeremy S.
Published: May 2021

Xylose-derived diformylxylose (DFX) can be produced in a single step from biomass. Here, we show that DFX can act as a novel polar aprotic bio-based solvent similar to DMF, NMP, and DMSO in alkylation, cross-coupling, and hydrogenation reactions.
Novel ferrimagnetic nanomaterial Sr(1−x)LaxGdySmzFe(12−(z+y))O19 for recording media applications: experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Elansary M. , Belaiche M. , Ahmani Ferdi C. , Iffer E. , Bsoul I.
Published: May 2021

Developed novel ferrimagnetic nanomaterial Sr(1−x)LaxGdySmzFe(12−(z+y))O19 has a significant function in industry, which could be beneficial for recording media applications.
Crystallization and near-infrared emission from host–guest based supramolecular polymers
Authors: Yin Wenxia , Meng Lingyi , Yu Tianjun , Chen Jinping , Hu Rui , Yang Guoqiang , Zeng Yi , Li Yi
Published: May 2021

Crystallization process of a NIR emissive supramolecular polymer formed by host–guest complexation of a distyrylanthracene derivative and cucurbiturils is described.
Crystal structures and properties of high-nitrogen energetic salts based on (Z)-1,1-diamino-2-nitro-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethene
Authors: Yin Zhaoyang , Dong Yaqun , Zeng Zhiwei , Huang Wei , Tang Yongxing
Published: May 2021

Forming hydrogen bond interactions between a nitro group (Tz-FOX), a tetrazole moiety (Tz-FOX), and amino groups (G, AG, and TAG) led to three nitrogen-rich energetic salts (2, 3, and 5).
Predicting biochemical and physiological effects of natural products from molecular structures using machine learning
Authors: Jeon Junhyeok , Kang Seongmo , Kim Hyun Uk
Published: May 2021

This Highlight examines recently developed machine learning models to predict biological effects of natural products with focus on molecular featurization.
Correction: Exploring secondary interactions and the role of temperature in moisture-contaminated polymer networks through molecular simulations
Authors: Guha Rishabh D. , Idolor Ogheneovo , Berkowitz Katherine , Pasquinelli Melissa , Grace Landon R.
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Exploring secondary interactions and the role of temperature in moisture-contaminated polymer networks through molecular simulations’ by Rishabh D. Guha et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 2942–2956, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM02009E.
Adaptation and Validation of the Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity for Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing: DIGEST-FEES
Authors: Starmer Heather M. , Arrese Loni , Langmore Susan , Ma Yifei , Murray Joseph , Patterson Joanne , Pisegna Jessica , Roe Justin , Tabor-Gray Lauren , Hutcheson Katherine
Published: May 2021

Purpose

While flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is a common clinical procedure used in the head and neck cancer (HNC) population, extant outcome measures for FEES such as bolus-level penetration–aspiration and residue scores are not well suited as global patient-level endpoint measures of dysphagia severity in cooperative group trials or clinical outcomes research. The Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) was initially developed and validated for use during videofluoroscopic evaluations as a way to grade safety, efficiency, and overall pharyngeal swallowing impairment. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate DIGEST for use with FEES.

Method

A modified Delphi exercise was conducted for content validation, expert consensus, adaptation, and operationalization of DIGEST-FEES. Three blinded, expert raters then evaluated 100 de-identified post-HNC treatment FEES examinations. Intra- and interrater reliability were tested with quadratic weighted kappa. Criterion validity against the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, Functional Oral Intake Scale, Secretion Severity Scale, and Yale Residue Rating Scale was assessed with Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results

Interrater reliability was almost perfect for overall DIGEST-FEES grade (κ
w
= 0.83) and safety grade (κ
w
= 0.86) and substantial for efficiency grade (κ
w
= 0.74). Intrarater reliability was excellent for all raters (0.9–0.91). Overall DIGEST-FEES grade correlated with MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (
r
= −.43,
p
< .0001), Functional Oral Intake Scale (
r
= −.43,
p
< .0001), Secretion Severity Scale (
r
= .47,
p
< .0001), Yale Vallecular Residue (
r
= .73,
p
< .0001), and Yale Pyriform Sinus Residue (
r
= .65,
p
< .0001).

Conclusion

DIGEST-FEES is a valid and reliable scale to describe the severity of pharyngeal dysphagia in patients with HNC.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14642787
Highly cross‐linked polyethylene is the new ‘gold standard’ bearing material for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Medley John B.
Published: May 2021

Conventional polyethylene is not used much in total hip arthroplasty (THA); it has been supplanted by oxidation‐resistant cross‐linked polyethylene (≥50 kGy irradiation). However, studies persist that de‐emphasize or ignore cross‐linked polyethylene. A selective literature review is used briefly to present the early use of conventional polyethylene and its implication in wear particle‐induced osteolysis leading to premature revision surgeries. The current situation is established based on Australian registry data and other studies that advocate the use of cross‐linked polyethylene in preference to conventional polyethylene. Although some studies suggest caution in using cross‐linked polyethylene, overall it is strongly supported. In the author’s opinion, cross‐linked polyethylene is the new reference standard bearing material in THA.
Star formation histories of Coma cluster galaxies matched to simulated orbits hint at quenching around first pericenter
Authors: Upadhyay A. K. , Oman K. A. , Trager S. C.
Published: May 2021

Context. The star formation in galaxies in present-day clusters has almost entirely been shut down, but the exact mechanism that quenched these galaxies is still uncertain.

Aims. By tracing the orbital and star formation histories of galaxies within the Coma cluster, we seek to understand the role of the high-density cluster environment in quenching these galaxies.

Methods. We combine star formation histories extracted from high-signal-to-noise spectra of 11 early-type galaxies around the center of the Coma cluster with probability distributions for their orbital parameters obtained using an N-body simulation to connect their orbital and star formation histories.

Results. We find that all 11 galaxies likely quenched near their first pericentric approach. Higher stellar mass galaxies (log(M⋆/M⊙) > 10) had formed a higher fraction of their stellar mass (more than ∼90%) than their lower mass counterparts (∼80−90%) by the time they fell into the cluster (when they cross 2.5rvir). We find that the expected infall occurred around z ∼ 0.6, followed by the first pericentric passage ∼4 Gyr later. Galaxies in our sample formed a significant fraction of their stellar mass, up to 15%, between infall and first pericenter, and had assembled more than ∼98% of their cumulative stellar mass by first pericenter.

Conclusions. Unlike previous low-redshift studies that suggest that star formation continues until about first apocenter or later, the high percentage of stellar mass already formed by first pericenter in our sample galaxies points to star formation ceasing within a gigayear after the first pericentric passage. We consider the possible physical mechanisms driving quenching and find that our results resemble the situation in clusters at z ∼ 1, where active stripping of gas (ram-pressure or tidally driven) seems to be required to quench satellites by their first pericentric passage. However, a larger sample will be required to conclusively account for the unknown fraction of preprocessed satellites in the Coma cluster.
Insulation systems for structures on pile supports
Authors: Semenov Vyacheslav , Bessonov Igor , Zinovieva Ekaterina , Mednikova Elizaveta
Published: May 2021

Construction on problem soils or in permafrost conditions involves using of pile foundations with a ventilated space under the floor structure. In this case, additional thermal insulation is required under the first-floor structure (above the ventilated space). The aim of research was to develop insulation systems for buildings on pile foundations for different climatic zones, including conditions of the arctic region and other regions with a predominance of ever-frozen ground. With the help of the THERM computer program, the conditions of bidimensional heat interchange in the enclosing structures of a building with pile foundation were simulated. The resulting models were analysed in terms of the thermophysical characteristics of the structures. As a result, the optimal version of the insulation system was chosen, effective both in the climatic conditions of the midland and in the especially cold conditions of Yakutia and Trans-Polar region (The Subarctic). This system included insulation with mineral wool slabs along the facade walls, with extruded foamed polystyrene along the basement part and the floor structure, and with rolled foamed polyethylene (with the formation of a seamless insulation shell) along the ventilated space under the floor structure and above, on top of insulation boards.
The effect of added high-iron slag on the frost resistance of cement compositions
Authors: Ovcharenko Gennadiy , Ibe Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

Currently, it is of particular importance to study the possibility of increasing the durability of composite building materials by regulating the chemical and mineralogical composition. In this aspect, it is rational to consider the issues of increasing the frost resistance of cement concrete. It is known that to improve this property in concrete, it is necessary to create the correct structure of the hardened cement stone. The work aims to study the process of clogging the pores of a cement stone due to the formation of finely dispersed phases - ferrihydrite - in the process of hydration of composite Portland cement with the addition of high-iron slag of the established chemical composition. The paper analyzes the chemical and phase composition of concretes obtained based on of slag-containing binders with high values of frost resistance. It is shown that, based on this slag, concrete with frost resistance of 500 cycles has been obtained. Analysis of the hydration products showed that finely dispersed ferrihydrite of ferric iron are formed in the cement stone, which increases the density of concrete, plugging the defects in the microstructure of the C-S-H gel.
Stress-strain state panel buildings and welded butt joints
Authors: Lyublinskiy Valery , Ubysz Andrzej
Published: May 2021

The constructive basis of a multi-story building is the spatial bearing system of buildings. In accordance with the chosen mathematical apparatus of the study, the spatial load-bearing system of a multi-storey building is a discrete vertical reinforced concrete structure formed by shear walls, and united by constant height connections with certain deformability. The above elements of the building support system provide strength, stability and durability of the structure as a whole. The spatial operation of the system is manifested in the fact that when loading one of its elements, other elements are included in the work. The purpose of the present study is to assess the influence shear bonds of the building’s bearing system on its stress-strain state using a specific building.
Determination of the own forms of vibration of the span of beam bridges on elastic supporting parts
Authors: Apsemetov Muhtar , Madanbekov Nurzhan , Muktarov Tologon
Published: May 2021

The authors consider the determination of the eigenforms of a beam on elastic support parts. Elastic support parts made of rubber and laminated metal plates find a wide use for seismic isolation of bridges in earthquake-resistant construction. Determination of eigenforms of structures is the main stage when designing the buildings and structures for resisting the seismic impacts. The span structure of girder bridges is considered as a system of uniformly distributed load, the free vibrations of which are described by a homogeneous fourth-order partial differential equation. By solving the differential equation, formulas for determining the eigenforms of a beam on elastic support parts were obtained. The reliability of the obtained formulas is confirmed with the substitution of other boundary conditions of the beam. The formulas obtained are considered as a general case, and from them the special cases for different ways of fixing of beams can be obtained.
The development of adequate finite element models of load-bearing structures coating “Vnukovo-1 airport complex” to solve the problems of monitoring their technical condition
Authors: Korgin Andrey , Ermakov Valentin , Zeyd Kilani Laith , Koknaev Danila , Golovkin Artem
Published: May 2021

This article considers the issues of designing adequate finite element models of weight-bearing structures based on the roof structures of the Vnukovo-1 airport, which is made in the form of a spatial core structure. Additional actions on the covering structure model in terms of the strength checking calculation procedure are presented, its purpose is to make the adequate model for its further use in the design of structural health monitoring. The article presents the results of modeling, comparative research with the data of nature experiments
Simulation of Vibration Combustion
Authors: Radkevich Evgeny , Vasil’eva Olga
Published: May 2021

We consider a mathematical model of the laminar process of vibration combustion proposed recently. It allows us to simulate detonation and deflagration modes, the occurrence of which occurs depending on the structure of the standard chemical potential. For simplicity of presentation and analysis, we consider a one-dimensional mathematical model formulated for the reduced dimensionless variables for the case of a two-component mixture. The obtained numerical results are presented and discussed.
Deformation in open collector drainage systems
Authors: Abduraimova Dilbar , Otaxonov Makhsud , Tursunova Elza , Allayorov Davron , Melikuziyev Sarvar
Published: May 2021

The article evaluates the hydraulic processes in the collectors which constructed in irrigated fields. Illuminated the washing processes under the influence of the flow velocity in the collector bed. In order to study the washing processes in the collector basin, are covered the results of research conducted in the self-washing collector in natural field conditions. Collector 2-K-4 in Khavas district of Syrdarya region was selected as the object of research. Given cases of changes in the project parameters as a result of washing processes in the core of the collector. Were selected 5 sections in the collector and hydraulic parameters were studied. was evaluated the effect of hydraulic processes on the collector core. The studied sections show cases of change of design parameters under the influence of hydraulic processes. Soil samples were taken from the reservoir and the mechanical composition was determined under laboratory conditions. Based on the laboratory and natural field conditions results, a special graph was developed for the design of collectors on the basis of non-washable speed.
Criteria for climatic applicability of modern window types
Authors: Konstantinov Aleksandr , Verkhovsky Aleksei , Aksenov Ivan , Krutov Aleksei
Published: May 2021

Currently, the assignment of the required values of the technical and operational windows characteristics (such as resistance to heat transfer, air permeability, sound insulation, etc.) is carried out based on the technological capabilities of the window industry, and not on the basis of scientifically substantiated requirements for ensuring the microclimate and energy buildings efficiency in the design practice of most countries (as it happens in the case of external walls which are in almost identical operating conditions with windows, for example). One of the most common types of windows in modern construction practice are single windows with insulated glass units and profiles made of PVC and aluminum alloys. They were originally developed for operation in Western Europe where they have proven themselves well over many years of operation. However, their widespread use in the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation and the countries of Eastern Europe showed a number of problems during operation which is expressed in a decrease in the technical and operational characteristics of windows due to temperature deformations of their profile elements. This circumstance testifies to the limited area of application of these structures in terms of climatic conditions. The authors of the work introduce the concept of “climatic applicability of windows” in order to determine the rational application areas of types of windows which would ensure the fulfillment of the specified requirements for the comfort of the microclimate of the premises in any operation period of the building. Based on the results of the analysis of the work of third-party researchers and the authors own works the authors have determined a set of criteria for the climatic applicability of modern types of windows based on winter operating conditions. Promising areas for further research were considered.
Unsteady filtration under maximal draw-off velocities of Tupolang water reservoir
Authors: Masharif Bakiev , Shakhnoza Djabbarova , Khojiakbar Khasanov
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of field studies to determine unsteady filtration in Tupolang dam core. Calculations are carried out for phreatic line curve in the core of Tupolang dam under unsteady filtration for various velocities of reservoir draw-off and water yield coefficient. At the same time it has been established that the increase of velocity and time of water reservoir draw-off leads to the increase of filtration pressure, and the decrease of water yield factor leads to the decrease of filtration pressure. The increase of filtration pressure, in turn, contributes to the increase of the intensity of unsteady filtration of Tupolang dam core.
Optimal ratio of spans of continuous bridges
Authors: Makarov Aleksander , Kalinovsky Sergey , Ermilova Natalia , Churakov Alexey
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the creation of continuous metal and monolithic reinforced concrete bridge spans, which are the most effective. Efficiency is achieved by finding opportunities for the unification of structures with the most successful options for providing them with the required load-bearing capacity with the lowest cost of building materials. The bending moments that occur in the sections of a continuous structure are distributed more evenly and take on smaller values in the span than in a split structure. However, the efficiency of continuous structures can be further improved by introducing a certain coefficient of the length of the extreme spans of the bridge relative to the average ones. This allows you to achieve equality of the reference or span bending moments. As a result, the design will work in such a way that it will be possible to build the bridge span as if from three types of unified blocks, which will reduce the complexity and cost of construction work. As an example, in this case, the ratio of spans and the corresponding division into blocks for four-span continuous bridges are determined.
On the passage of the wave along the rod
Authors: Karakozova Anastasia
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of wave damping in elastic media. This study can be of great practical application for use in systems for damping vibration effects, including those caused by shock waves, as well as for damping vibrations caused by seismic wave effects for structures located in seismically hazardous regions as part of seismic protection measures for objects.
Conformal Efficiency Factors of Friction Pairs in Construction Machinery
Authors: Gustov Yuri , Shishkov Petr.
Published: May 2021

Formulae for the efficiency factor of moving friction pairs of construction equipment are investigated in terms of their mutual adaptation (conformism) during friction and wear. As a basis, the average coefficients of sliding friction and dimensions of the reference line curves, the half-sums of their products of the worn surfaces microrelief for mating parts are taken. Coefficients of sliding friction and dimensions of reference lines were determined from the partial values of microwear and micromaterial of the normalized system of relative reference lines and convergences. Calculated values of conformal efficiency factors were compared with efficiency factors obtained from the tested dependence, as well as from the wedge operator in the dry friction mode. The research was carried out on the example of model hinges of hydraulic excavator attachments.
Design and construction of underwater pipelines crossings
Authors: Ryltseva Yuliya
Published: May 2021

The new territories exploration for housing construction and production facilities within the country and the increase in the export of hydrocarbons require the constant development and improvement of pipeline transport. There are often cases when the need for the pipeline network crossing by various obstacles is recognized as the only possible design solution and economically reasonable, among the most difficult of which there are water bodies. Natural and waste water, oil and petroleum products, and gas are transported by underwater pipelines crossings. Aiming at optimizing the design and construction of underwater pipeline crossings requires constant monitoring of the technologies, equipment, and materials offered by the modern market. The research methods were based on the review of current regulatory and technical documentation, modern scientific and periodicals, and security documents. A special feature of the underwater pipelines crossings design is needed to predict the channel processes for the entire estimated period of their use. Underwater crossings construction is made by the trench and trenchless methods. The latter ones, which are currently the most popular, imply the following main types: horizontal directional drilling, directional drilling, tunneling, microtunneling. The construction technology choice is determined by the topographical features of the water body bottom, its hydrological characteristics, the geology of the construction site, the required length, the diameter of the pipeline network, and the features of the surrounding area as a whole. The results of the review study may be of interest for the specialists in the field of pipeline transport.
Influence of the longitudinal inclination on the speed on highways
Authors: Hristov Borislav
Published: May 2021

The main objective of the present paper is to investigate the influence of the longitudinal inclination of grades on the speed behavior on highways. For assessing this dependence, all uphill and downhill highway sections were considered separately in the two travel directions and the mean values of both 85th and 15th percentile speeds were calculated for each section. In order to take into account the free speed selection, all speed limited highway sections were excluded from the study. To investigate the speed changes as a function of the longitudinal inclination, the speed differences V85 between the speeds at the end and the beginning of each individual ascending and descending section were calculated as well. The dependencies were assessed also using the “moving average” over the grades. Both methodological approaches show that the magnitude of the longitudinal inclination on uphill sections has a clear influence on the speed and on the speed differences. A significant reduction of the speed and a significant increase of the speed difference were established on ascending sections with slopes over 4%. Furthermore, it was found that the length of the ascending grades also affects the speed differences ΔV85, which increase considerably on longer uphill sections.
A new approach to designing automated systems using the example of the building’s SCS
Authors: Konikov Alexander
Published: May 2021

Recently, the IT field has developed a number of promising solutions that can be used in construction: machine vision systems for quality building monitoring, new Wi-Fi standards with increased speed and information protection, improved types of fiber optic lines, new categories of twisted pairs, providing exceptionally high performance in bandwidth reliability. The list goes on. The introduction of new solutions does not negate the use of existing, time-tested ones. For these solutions, the implementation experience has been gained, they are often more economical than new ones, and the peculiarities of their operation have been studied. As a result, designing an automated system for construction is not a trivial task, as the total number of IT components (including new and existing) is very large. The paper proposes a design approach to address the problem. The approach is based on the use of elements of the set theory and the capabilities of database management systems. As a result, it is possible to improve the quality of the project and significantly shorten the design time. The approach is explained by the example of designing a structured cable system of a building.