bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Harga Energi terhadap Perekonomian dan Distribusi Pendapatan di DKI Jakarta: Aplikasi Model Komputasi Keseimbangan Umum
Authors: Hartono Djoni , Resosudarmo Budy P.
Published: May 2018

Studi ini hendak menganalisa dampak dan kebijakan harga energi Indonesia terhadap perekonomian kota Jakarta; khususnya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga miskin. Studi ini juga berusaha memformulasikan kebijakan regional yang penting bagi Jakarta untuk menurunkan dampak negative dan kebijakan energi nasional ini terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga miskin. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, dibangun sebuah model CGE (computable general equilibrium) regional. Model ini merupakan model CGE pertama di Indonesia yang dikembangkan untuk sebuah kota.
Konsentrasi Spasial Industri Manufaktur Tinjauan Empiris di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Landiyanto Erlangga Agustino
Published: May 2018

Konsentrasi dan aktivitas ekonomi secara spasial, terutama pada industri manufaktur, telah menjadi fenomena menarik untuk dianalisis. Pada industri manufaktur, konsentrasi spasial ditentukan oleh biaya upah, biaya transportasi dan akses pasar serta eksternalitas dan konsentrasi spasial yang berkaitan dengan penghematan lokalisasi dan penghematan urbanisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dimana dan pada subsektor apa industri manufaktur Kota Surabaya terkonsentrasi serta untuk mengetahui mengapa dan bagaimana industri manufaktur Kota Surabaya terkonsentrasi sehingga dapat dianalisis mengenai kebijakan dalam mengembangkan industri manufaktur Kota Surabaya. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data tenaga kerja industri manufaktur dua digit per kecamatan di Surabaya tahun 1994 dan 2002. Data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan LQ, Ellison Glaeser indeks dan Maurel Sedillot indeks. Berdasarkan analisis, diketahui bahwa industri manufaktur di Kota Surabaya terkonsentrasi di Kecamatan Rungkut, Tandes dan Sawahan sedangkan subsektor unggulan Kota Surabaya adalah industri makanan, minuman dan tembakau serta industri logam, mesin dan peralatan.
Peran Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Era Otonomi
Authors: Mahi Raksaka
Published: May 2018

Paper ini hendak membahas proses implementasi yang benar dari UU No. 34/2000 sehingga tidak menimbulkan distorsi bagi masyarakat dan perekonomian. Selain itu, pembahasan juga mencakup faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya PAD (Pendapatan Ash Daerah) seperti kemampuan manajemen pemungutan pajak dan retribusi daerahnya, faktor-faktor apa saja yang perlu diperhitungkan dalam pemungutan PAD, dan peran pertumbuhan bagi peningkatan PAD di daerah. Beberapa temuan dalam studi ini berkaitan dengan PAD dan pemungutan pajak daerah pada tingkat kahupaten/kota adalah bahwa peran dari PAD dalam pembiayaan publik di daerah cenderung berkurang. Selain itu dari hasil perhitungan elastisitas pajak antar daerah ditemukan bahwa jenis-jenis pajak daerah saat ini memiliki basis pajak yang kurang sensitif terhadap perkembangan perekonomian. Pemungutan pajak di daerah juga cenderung belum optimal, hanya ada beberapa jenis pajak yang pemungutannya sudah baik, hal ini terjadi karena kemudahan pengelolaan jenis pajak tersebut. Berkaitan dengan banyaknya kritikan dan keluhan terhadap pemungutan pajak daerah yang mengganggu iklim usaha, hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya pemahaman pemerintah daerah dalam implementasi kriteria-kriteria pemungulan pajak pada UU No. 34/2000.Saran dan kebijakan utama bagi permasalahan ini adalah diperlukan daftar detil pajak yang boleh dipungut daerah, bukan hanya kriteria umum saja; serta perbaikan sistem pengawasan penerbitan perda pungutan di daerah, dengan sanksi yang memadai. Selain itu, diperlukan juga optimalisasi pajak lokal melalui usaha intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi perpajakan lokal.
Pengaruh Subsidi Harga Pupuk terhadap Pendapatan Petani : Analisis Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi
Authors: Sjari Dewi Ratna
Published: May 2018

Dengan menggunakan data Sistem Neraca Social Ekonomi (SNSE) Indonesia tahun 1995, studi ini mencoba menganalisis dampak jangka panjang dari kebijakan subsidi harga pupuk terhadap peningkatan produksi dan distribusi pendapatan, serta bagaimana alur kebijakan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani melalui kebijakan subsidi ini. Analisis dilakukan melalui alur struktural (Structural Path Analysis) dengan mensimulasikan kebijakan subsidi harga pupuk untuk subsidi sebesar 1% dan 5% dan dilihat apakah biaya untuk kebijakan itu bisa ditutupi oleh peningkatan pendapatan riel petani kecil secara umum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dengan semakin menurunnya produktivitas lahan antara lain akibat harga pupuk yang semakin tinggi, serta semakin sedikitnya waktu yang digunakan rumah tangga petani untuk usaha taninya, semakin menekan produktivitas bahan pangan secara nasional. Penghapusan subsidi harga pupuk secara langsung juga menyebabkan peningkatan beban ongkos produksi yang cukup besar bagi petani kecil yang merupakan produsen pangan terbesar, sehingga mereka menjadi enggan membeli pupuk. Tindakan petani tersebut pada gilirannya akan menurunkan produksi secara umum. Analisis alur struktural menunjukkan pengaruh paling kecil justru diterima oleh rumah tangga petani pemilik lahan 0.5 sampai I hektar. Sedangkan pengaruhnya terhadap rumah tangga petani gurem dan buruh tani tidak dapat terdeteksi oleh SPA. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa subsidi harga pupuk memiliki dampak yang mengarah (bias) pada pengusaha menengah besar dibandingkan pada pendapatan petani dan pengusaha pertanian kecil. Kebijakan subsidi pupuk yang dilakukan secara selektif juga dapat mengurangi semakin lebarnya kesenjangan pendapatan antara rumah tangga petani dan bukan petani. Namun perhitungan rasio cost/benefit, menunjukkan bahwa biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah tidak sebanding dengan peningkatan pendapatan yang akan diterima oleh kelompok target yang semula dituju.
Pinjaman Luar Negeri Pemerintah Indonesia: Jumlah Optimal dan Komposisi Mata Uang Pinjaman 1983-2000
Authors: Soelastiningsih Lana
Published: May 2018

Paper ini mencoba menemukan nilai optimal pinjaman dan komposisi nilai tukar untuk hutang luar negeri pemerintah Indonesia (Utang Luar Negeri Pemerintah/ULNP) selama periode 1983 sampai dengan 2000. Dengan menggunakan model konsumsi dua periode, ditemukan bahwa fluktuasi nilai tukar akan memberi dampak pada pinjaman optimal melalui term of trade (TOT). Sebelum periode krisis, hasil model menunjukkan jumlah pinjaman yang relatif kecil dibandingkan data aktualnya; sementara itu selama periode krisis ekonomi model justru menghasilkan nilai pinjaman yang besar sebagai dana ekstra untuk mempercepat proses pemulihan. Pola tersebut menunjukkan adanya proses 'smoothing' dalam pinjaman sehingga dapat menjaga 'solvency' dari UNLP. Model seianjutnya memprediksi komposisi mata uang yang dapat meminimumkan risiko yang ditimbulkan dari external shock seperti fluktuasi nilai tukar. Dengan menggunakan tiga mata uang utama, Dolar AS, Yen Jepang, dan DM Jerman, model ini menemukan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi komposisi tersebut. Pertama, semakin kuat koefesien korelasi dari suatu mata uang dengan effective cost of borrowing (biaya efektif peminjaman), semakin besar perminjaman akan mata uang tersebut untuk dijadikan pinjaman. Kedua, semakin besar apresiasi antara rupiah dengan mata uang partnernya, semakin besar permintaan untuk mata uang tersebut.
Bagi Hasil Pajak Pertambahan Nilai: Sebuah Alternatif Penguatan Keuangan Daerah di Era Desentralisasi
Authors: Simanjuntak Robert A.
Published: May 2018

Sistem keuangan publik di Indonesia sampai saat ini masih diwarnai oleh ketimpangan hubungan antara Pusat dengan Daerah. Sebagian besar sumber-sumber keuangan yang potensial berada dalam kewenangan Pusat, sementara pada umumnya Daerah hanya menguasai sumber-sumber penerimaan sendiri yang kurang memadai relatif dibandingkan besar pengeluarannya. Konsekuensinya adalah Daerah menjadi amat bergantung kepada transfer dari Pusat.Ketergantungan tersebut terasa ironis ketika negeri ini melakukan penataan ulang sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahannya, dari sistem yang tersentralisasi menjadi sistem dengan otonomi daerah yang luas. Sejak implementasi pelaksanaan otonomi daerah pada tahun 2001, Daerah (terutama: Kabupaten/Kota) memiliki kewenangan politik dan administratif yang jauh lebih luas dibandingkan era sebelumnya. Namun, secara keuangan, tingkat ketergantungannya secara umum menjadi lebih besar.Upaya penguatan sumber penerimaan daerah sendiri yang telah dicoba selama ini lebih terfokus kepada identifikasi sumber-sumber penerimaan (pajak-pajak) daerah yang baru, dan kurang menyentuh sumber-sumber yang potensial (pajak Pusat). Kemungkinan pengalihan pajak Pusat menjadi pajak Daerah (seperti misalnya PBB), atau bagi hasil dari pajak-pajak Pusat yang potensial (selain PPh orang pribadi), masih dianggap terlalu jauh.Akibatnya, upaya tersebut kurang berhasil karena hanya berkutat pada wilayah yang memang sudah sempit atau kurang potensinya. Malah yang terjadi banyak daerah berupaya keras mencari sumber-sumber pajak (pungutan) baru tanpa memikirkan dampaknya  kepada ekonomi biaya tinggi, serta efeknya yang distortif terhadap perekonomian.Makalah ini membahas alternatif yang saat ini mungkin masih kontroversial, yakni: bagi hasil PPN kepada Daerah. Ditunjukkan di sini bahwa dengan mendapat bagian dari PPN, Daerah akan terpacu untuk membantu menciptakan iklim yang kondusif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Ditunjukkan pula, bahwa sangat terbuka kemungkinan baik Pusat maupun Daerah akan memperoleh manfaat dari penerapan sistem bagi hasil ini.
Evaluasi Lima Tahun Desentralisasi Fiskal di Indonesia
Authors: Hirawan Susiyati B.
Published: May 2018

Akhir tahun 2005 yang lalu, telah genap lima lahun usia implementasi otonomi daerah dan desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia. Perubahan manajemen publik ini ditandai dengan adanya pengalihan kewenangan dan keuangan dari pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah dalam jumlah yang sangat signifìkan. Selama lima tahun ini, terjadi peningkatan cukup drastis dari porsi anggaran dalam APBN yang harus didaerahkan.Dari sisi keuangan daerah, aliran dana perimbangan ini relatif memiliki porsi yang sangat besar dalam APBD, khususnya APBD Kabupaten/Kota. Seiring dengan usaha pemerintahan daerah untuk meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah, dampak desentralisasi fiskal telah memperburuk iklim investasi dengan munculnya berbagai Peraturan Daerah yang cenderung distorsif terhadap perekonomian.Implementasi desentrasasi fiskal juga belum dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah kembali ke tingkat sebelum krisis ekonomi terjadi. Tingginya ketergantungan pemerintah daerah terhadap dana dan pemerintah pusat juga membawa implikasi pentingnya pemerintah pusat membuat formulasi alokasi dana perimbangan yang lebih sederhana, transparan, dan efektif. Selain itu, pemerintah pusat hendaknya juga memperhatikan masalah distribusi pendapatan antar daerah mengingat besarnya potensi ketimpangan pembangunan antar daerah.
Hubungan Dinamis Real Interest Rate Differential, Nilai Tukar Riil & Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia : 1995-2005
Authors: Hasudungan Albert
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk meneliti hubungan dinamis antara perbedaan tingkat suku bunga riil, nilal tukar riil dan cadangan devisa dalam jangka pendek dan jika ada hubungannya dalam jangka panjang. Sampel penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah Negara Indonesia dengan sistem perekonomian terbuka pada rentang waktu 1995-2005. Dasar pemikiran dan hasil estimasì juga dibahas secara komprehensif pada tulisan ini. Penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang antara variabel yang diteliti.
Kebijakan Swasembada Gula di Indonesia
Authors: Surono Sulastri
Published: May 2018

Indonesia was the 2nd largest exporter of sugar after Cuba in 1930 but we became the 2nd largest importer of sugar on 1999. The government launched protection and promotion policy to save the sugar industry since 2000. Protection policy is practiced by imposing some import tariff while government promoted Increase in Acceleration of National Sugar Production Program since 2002. The goal is to reach sugar self sufficiency for household consumption on 2007 and for both household and industry consumption on2009.There are some basic things which notes the importance of sugar self sufficiency in Indonesia. First, maintain food sustainability. Second to maximize sugar industry capacity that is quite big. Third, to develop domestic sugar industry which we presume can meet the national consumption needs. Fourth, to save our reverse that is used to import sugar and to protect domestic sugar industiy in the unhealthy/unfair competition.The purpose of this study is to reveal and to measure the possibility of the government self sufficiency program to success by examining the relationship of production capacity, consumption level, sugar import level.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU SIMPANAN MASYARAKAT DI PERBANKAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI
Authors: Mochtar Firman
Published: May 2018

This study shows that an increase in economic funding that comes from saving fund in the banking sector doesn‘t have a full impact on the slower economic growth in the subsequent period as Keynesian believes. Tests result show that a decrease in public saving in banking sector reflects an increase in the confidence of the economic agents on the future economic prospects which then drives the economic growth. This result is supported by the negative and significant relationship of economic growth and public saving in the form of individual rupiah denominated deposit (time deposits?). Using Permanent Income Hypothesis argument the result indicates that we can use individual deposit as one of the leading indicators of future economic growth based on signficant finding until 2 trimester in the future. On the other hand positive and significant relationship of economic growth and public saving which is proposed by the Keynesian only applied to rupiah denominated individual and firm demand deposit and individual saving account.
EFEKTIVITAS QUANTUM CHANNEL DALAM MEKANISME TRANSMIS! KEBIJAKAN MONETER: STUDI KASUS INDONESIA TAHUN 1993 -2005
Authors: Hirawan Fajar Bambang
Published: May 2018

In the year 2002, Y. V Reddy introduced a new thought in monetary economics theory, especially about transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Reddy classified the channeIs of transmission mechanism into three types, there are quantum channel, interest rate channel, and asset price channel. Quantum channel consists of two channels, there are money channel and credit channel. This research will examine the differences between money channel and credit channeI, the factors which affect volume of money supply (M2) and credit, the stability of quantum channel, and also effectiveness of quantum channel, especially related on its role to push the economic growth. This research uses a monthly data from the year 1993 until 2005. The analysis of this research divided into three parts of period, pre-crisis period (1993-1996), crisis period (19972OO1), and post-crisis period (2002-2005). In the precrisis period, credit channel more stable in transmission mechanism of monetary policy and more effective to push the economic growth. In the crisis, quantum channel did not effective to push economic growth. In the post-crisis period quantum channel also did not effective to push the economic growth.
TRANSMISI KEBIJAKAN MONETER DI INDONESIA: CREDIT VIE W ATAU MONEY VIEW?
Authors: Safuan Sugiharso , G. Laksono Beta Yulianita
Published: May 2018

One of some problematic issues of identification of the efiectiveness of the monetary policy is the question on whether the monetary policy mechanism transmissions can perform fully in transmitting the changes of monetary policies into the national and regional level of economy. On earlier studies, Muelgini (2004) relatively compares the eflectiveness of monetary policies of the five mechanism transmission channels at the national level of the economy employing impulse response fiznction. The results show that prior to the economic crises in Indonesia credit channel is not eflective, and for after crises periods interest rates, credit, and asset price channels are becoming relatively important. Utilizing similar methodology, Laksono (2005) finds that the eflectiveness of monetary mechanism varies among regions. This research analyzes the findings of both Muelgini ‘s and Laksono's employing dijfkrent methodology to evaluate the channels through which monetary policies are transmitted
EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH TERHADAP HARGA BARANG EKSPOR, STUDI KASUS DI INDONESIA.
Authors: Zainal Arindra A.
Published: May 2018

This study focuses on the relationship between the exchange rate and export performance, using indonesian data. Although many studies have been undertaken on this topic, only a few have been devoted to developing countries. Studies of exchange rate passthrough (ERPT), especially for small open economies, show that incomplete pass-through is the most common result of the relationship between export prices and the exchange rate. Johansen’s co-integration test was used to determine the long-run relationship between the variables tested. Where we could not perform the Johansen co-integration test because we had one stationaty variable, the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) approach to co-integration testing, as proposed by Pesaran and Shin, was used. The study shows that most of the Indonesian export commodities tested are price taker commodities. The ERPT of groups of commodities showed no long-run equilibrium relationship (or no co-integration) for the group of labour intensive goods (LBINT) and the group of resource base intensive good (RBASE). Although it was found that there was co-integration for the mining (MINING) and high technology intensive goods (HTECH) groups of commodities, the ERPT coefficients for these variables were not statistically significant at the 5% level. At the commodity level the study indicated that, except for palm oil and kayu gergajian, the Indonesian export commodities tested had relatively weak market power; in other words, Indonesia is a price taker in the world market for most of its export commodities.
PENGARUH VOLATILITAS NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP VOLUME EKSPOR BEBERAPA KELOMPOK KOMODITI PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Zainal Arindra A.
Published: May 2018

The relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance has been scrutinized by many economists since Bretton Wood System collapsed in 1971. Although most of the results show that there is a negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance, we also find that some studies show a positive one. This study used some Indonesian group of commodities data to find the relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance.While General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) was used to calculate exchange rate volatility, this study used Pesharan & Shin ARDL cointegration test in order to find long run relationship between export performance and exchange rate volatility. Only 2 out of 7 equations tested show a long run relationship between exchange rate volatility an export performance and the signs are positive.
Dampak Perubahan Kurs (Pass-Through Effect) terhadap Tujuh Kelompok Indeks Harga Konsumen di Indonesia
Authors: Achsani Noer Azam , Nababan Herry Frenky
Published: May 2018

The impacts of exchange rate to an economy both domestically and internationally are an interesting discussion. One of the examples for discussion is exchange rate pass-through (ERPT). ERPT is defined as the rate of change of prices (domestic, imported or exported) as a result of change in exchange rate. Consumer price index (CPI) is one of the most frequent indicators used for measuring domestic price. This paper analyzes the impacts of exchange rate change (ERPT) to seven group of CPI in Indonesia. The Cholesky Decomposition is employed to identify structural shock of Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) which then combined with Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for 48 time series units. The result shows that for the entire period there is an incomplete pass-through for the seven group of CPI. The largest effect occurs in the transportation and communication sector and food and beverages sector in which 35 percent of their changes in CPI are affected by change in exchange rate.
Analisis Karakteristik Daya Saing Regional Kasus Kabupaten/Kota Pulau Jawa Tahun 2003
Authors: Susanti Ira
Published: May 2018

Competitiveness is a crucial factor in regional development process. The more open region of technology and information, the more competitive that region in regional competition. Because nowadays, competition not only between nations but also between regions. The purpose of regional competitiveness description is to analyze how technology and innovation have important role in productivity and also social welfare. This regional competitiveness will be explained by Regional Competitiveness Index that following Huggins Regional competitiveness model.
Optimal Rules bagi Instrumen Kebijakan Moneter di Indonesia: Pengujian Empiris Model Guender
Authors: Adnin Zenathan , Mardanugraha Eugenia
Published: May 2018

This study aims to test model developed by Guender (2002) in determining optimal rules for monetary policy instrument in Indonesia. The test is conducted by estimating parameters of IS equation and Forward Looking Phillips Curve. The result expected is rules for determining the optimal interest rate which is influenced by the gap between actual and targeted inflation. The result shows that in the era of inflation targeting the interest rate setting policy as monetary policy instrument has focus on output stability rather than inflation stability. Finally, the study concludes that the interest rate targeting as BI rate has not being optimal.
Key Sectors in Sanggau District's Economy: An Input-Output Analysis
Authors: Suratman Eddy , Irawan Thomas Tony
Published: May 2018

This research is aimed to investigate the key sectors in the economy of Sanggau District. This research is descriptive and is using input-output analysis to find out the multiplier of economic sectors. In addition we also investigate the linkage among economic sectors, which are measured by backward and forward linkage indexes. The finding of this research shows that there are two sectors being the key namely the processing industry and transportation and communication sectors with backward and forward linkage indexes above the average level of the other sectors. Agriculture were found to be the sector with the biggest employment absorption. Based on this finding, the development policy strategies should be directed toward the policy that creates maximum economy, particularly in the sectors of processing industry and transportation and communication. As it will create a better distribution of job vacation among sectors in Sanggau District.
The Economics of Quality: An Attempt to Support Sustainable Food Security in DIY Province
Authors: Soeroso Amiluhur , Susilo Y Sri
Published: May 2018

This research aims to explore quantified of monetary use value of food quality in the context of food security. Data were obtained from interviews towards 561 people of rural area in regency of Sleman, Bantul, Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul which are all in Yogyakarta Special Province or Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). This research uses close-ended contingent valuation method (CVM). The result points out that the public willingness to pay for better food quality is high. Thus, the public loss which is caused by poor management of food security policy will be very high in financial term.
Wide-Awake Hand Surgery
Authors: Warrender William J. , Lucasti Christopher J. , Ilyas Asif M.
Published: May 2018

* Wide-awake hand surgery is both safe and effective for a multitude of common hand surgical procedures.

* Wide-awake hand surgery provides the advantages of convenience and cost savings by avoiding preoperative testing and clearances and intraoperative anesthesia.

* The use of epinephrine as a vasoconstrictive agent is considered safe.

* Phentolamine can be used as a reversal agent in the event of an adverse reaction to epinephrine. Other agents, such as phenoxybenzamine and terbutaline, can also be utilized.

* Patients undergoing wide-awake hand surgery have improved satisfaction and decreased pain.
Intravascular temperature management of a patient undergoing pancreatic head resection
Authors: Greke Christian , Persson Jan , Kluth Mario , Albers Sebastian , Bachmann‐Mennenga Bernd
Published: May 2018

Peri‐operative hypothermia has a high incidence during major abdominal surgery and is associated with serious complications. Intravascular temperature management (IVTM) is a well‐established technique in critical care medicine. There is currently limited experience in its use to maintain peri‐operative normothermia, however recent improvements in technical specifications of IVTM catheters suggest a promising approach for intra‐operative use.

In this report, we describe a case where intra‐operative IVTM was used in addition to conventional non‐invasive temperature management (NITM) in order to prevent hypothermia. Due to this management, the patient undergoing pancreatic head resection did not develop hypothermia at any time of the procedure. This highlights that intra‐operative use of IVTM could be considered as an additional component of peri‐operative temperature management during abdominal surgery.
AÇIKTA KONUMLANAN DERİN SU LİMANLARININ HUKUKÎ STATÜSÜ: GDANSK KÖRFEZİNDE İNŞA EDİLECEK DERİN SU LİMANINA DAİR
Authors: ÇAMYAMAÇ Anıl
Published: May 2018

1970’lerde
petrol ihtiyacı ve sıkıntısı ciddî bir çalkantıya sebep olmuştur. Bu iklim
altında, Batılı devletlere petrolün verimli biçimde taşınması gereği büyük
tankerlerin inşasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Fakat, bu büyük taşıtların
limanlarda ağırlanmasına dair yeni bir sorun da ortaya çıkmıştır. O günlerde,
sanayileşmiş devletlerde bu büyüklükteki taşıtları misafir edebilecek
uygunlukta bir liman bulunmamaktaydı. Böylece, denizlerin bu devasa taşıtlarını
misafir edecek derin su limanı projeleri geliştirildi. Günümüzde, bu trend
devam etmekte ve sadece tankerlerle de sınırlı olmamaktadır; misal, sayılan bu
nedenlerden ötürü devasa ebatlarda konteyner gemileri inşa edilmektedir. Derin
su limanı inşaatı ihtiyacı günümüzde hiç olmadığı kadar önemlidir. Bu kısa
makalede, Gdansk’ta inşa edilecek derin su limanı özelinde kıyıdan açıkta
konumlanan derin su limanlarının hukukî statüsü ele alınacaktır. Böylelikle, bu
makale şu şekilde oluşturulmuştur. Sırasıyla limanların, demiryerlerinin ve
derin su limanlarının tanımlanması; derin su limanlarının önemi;  plânlanan ve halîhazırda inşa edilmiş derin su
limanları; uluslararası deniz hukukunda derin su limanlarının hukukî statüsü; gdansk
Körfezinde inşa edilecek derin su limanının kısa bir değerlendirmesi ve sonuç.
INTERNALIZATION OF ‘KUALAT’ TEACHING AS AN ATTEMPT TO PREVENT CORRUPT BEHAVIOR AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS
Authors: Fuadi Afnan
Published: May 2018

Corruption in Indonesia has been increasingly rampant, ranging from high-ranking state officials to lower-level civil servants. The strategic tasks mandated to civil servants have in fact provided opportunities for them to commit corruption. Based on data from Indonesian Corruption Watch (ICW), from 2013 to 2016, most corruptors work as civil servants. Based on this fact, there seems to be an alternative approach that should be more optimized, namely a cultural approach. Indonesia has many unique teachings, one of which is the Javanese philosophy of life (Javanese Wisdom). This study deals with the kualat teaching derived from the Javanese Wisdom as an attempt to prevent corruption among civil servants. This study tries to explain the noble advice in the Javanese society, particularly about kualat teaching. The researcher conducted a survey to Civil Servants to find out whether the kualat teaching still existed in the minds of civil servants. Finally, the researcher offers the idea of the need for internalization of the kualat teaching in the material content of Leadership Education and Training (Diklatpim) IV. The researcher seeks to actively participate in preventing corruption among civil servants.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL CONTROL AND INDIVIDUAL MORALITY ON THE TENDENCY OF ACCOUNTING FRAUD
Authors: Setiawan Santy
Published: May 2018

Accounting fraud is a problem commonly faced by both companies and users of financial statements. Accounting fraud often occurs due to weak internal controls. In addition, accounting fraud is also influenced by one’s ethics, especially the morality of individuals to cheat. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of internal control and individual morality on the tendency to commit accounting fraud. This research is done by using experimental method. The sample used in this research is 85 accounting students of Maranatha Christian University. The testing tool used in this study is a two-way Anova. The results show that internal control has no effect on accounting fraud, but individual morality has an effect on accounting fraud. Individual with low morality will tend to commit accounting frauds rather than those with high morality.
PREVENTION AND ERADICATION OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES USING POLICY AND VALUE APPROACHES
Authors: Erfa Riswan
Published: May 2018

Based on today’s factual condition, the corruption perceptions index of Indonesia is still very poor Corruption, as part of white-collar crimes, is considered as one of non-conventional crimes which are difficult to overcome using conventional counter-measures. The qualification of the perpetrators who have high socio-economic strata often complicates the law enforcement process, especially in terms of proof. Therefore, it requires a new paradigm that prioritizes policy approach and value approach. And both of the approaches should be done simultaneously. It is also necessary to understand the types of white-collar crimes to support the implementation of policy approach and value approach. In addition, this study also discusses non-penal efforts that can maintain the views of integrity, morality, and professional responsibility of the people who have the potential to engage in white-collar crimes, primarily through the internalization of local wisdom that supports the eradication and prevention of criminal acts of corruption.
LAW ENFORCEMENT THROUGH ‘LUDRUK’ AND CULTURAL ADVANCEMENT
Authors: Michael Tomy
Published: May 2018

The increasingly rampant corruption in Indonesia requires creative countermeasures. One way is to assimilate the law with the local culture of a region. The local culture concerned is ludruk. Ludruk, as one of Javanese traditional art performances, is admired by its fans or supporters in East Java and can be used as a means to proclaim everything about corruption. It can be concluded that the assimilation of the law with the local culture of a region is not contrary to the law but it is becoming a media in eradicating corruption. Anti-corruption teaching can be delivered through ludruk as long as it remains in accordance with the nature of ludruk itself.
Low cost sustainable materials for grey water reclamation
Authors: James Dalrene Teresa Keerthika , Ifelebuegu Augustine Osamor
Published: May 2018

Grey water reclamation is a sustainable solution for managing water shortages. However, grey water contains high levels of detergents, particularly surfactants, which alongside other chemical constituents can pose a serious risk to human health and the environment. Biological treatments are not effective in the treatment of grey water since the detergents inhibit the activities of microorganisms. Chemical treatment options have an impact on public perception and could be cost prohibitive for domestic and small scale reuse applications. In this paper, we review the characterization of the constituents of grey water and the application of various low cost sustainable materials such as zeolite, activated carbon, mussel shells, tyre granules, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and silica gel for the treatment and removal of detergent characteristics.
Recent Insights into the Development of Preclinical Trastuzumab- Resistant HER2+ Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Gonzalez-Alonso Paula , Cristobal Ion , Zazo Sandra , Martin-Aparicio Ester , Chamizo Cristina , Madoz-Gurpide Juan , Rovira Ana , Eroles Pilar , Lluch Ana , Albanell Joan , Rojo Federico
Published: May 2018

Background:

Overexpression and amplification of the human epidermal growth
factor receptor 2 (HER2) occur in 20% of total breast carcinomas. HER2-overexpression is
implicated in disease initiation and progression and associated with poor prognosis. Trastuzumab,
a humanized monoclonal antibody, is the standard HER2-targeted therapy for early
and metastatic HER2-amplified breast cancer patients. Trastuzumab has significantly increased
clinical benefit in HER2+ metastatic and adjuvant settings; however, it is not effective
for many patients due to primary or acquired resistance to the drug. During the last decade,
many studies have revealed a number of novel molecular traits of HER2+ breast cancer, allowing
us to uncover the molecular mechanisms involved in trastuzumab resistance and develop
strategies to overcome resistance to therapy.

Objective:

In this review, we comprehensively addressed the current achievements in preclinical
studies; we discussed molecular mechanisms of acquired trastuzumab resistance in
HER2+ breast cancer models and potential therapeutic approaches based on the molecular
features for HER2+ breast cancer.

Conclusion:

Enhanced understanding of the molecular profiles in HER2+ breast cancer may
lead to the identification of novel biomarkers for the development of diagnostic approaches
and improvement of therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of trastuzumab resistant
HER2+ breast cancer.
A Facile Procedure for Synthesis of Several 1, 4, 5-Trisubstituted-1Himidazole- 2(3H)-ones and -thiones via a One-pot Three-portion Reaction in Solvent and Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Shaker Mohammad
Published: May 2018

An ordinary procedure for the synthesis of several 1, 4, 5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazole- 2(3H)-ones and -thiones by a one-pot three-component reaction of glacial acetic acid under solvent, microwave irradiation condition is proposed. The products were formed through cyclization of benzoin with isothiocyanates or isocyanates and ammonium acetate. All incorporated combinations were determined for their spectral and microanalytical information. These compounds were subsequently studied for their fluorescence properties.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Thioethers Derived from 1,5-Diphenyl-6- thioxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-ones as Antiangiogenic Agents
Authors: Malki Ahmed , Issa Doaa A.E , Elbayaa Rasha Y. , Ashour Hayam M.A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

In attempts to discover new antiangiogenic entities, a novel series of
thioethers derived from 6-thioxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)ones was considered
and designed.

Methods: Virtual screening was carried out through docking of the compounds into the vascular
endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 binding sites. Molecular docking studies
were performed using Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm. Compounds possessing lowest ligandprotein
pairwise interaction energies were synthesized and screened for their antiproliferative activities
against five cancer cell lines namely MHCC97H (liver), MDA-MB 231 (Breast), Colo205 (Colon),
A549 (lung), A498 (kidney) and IC50 values were determined for the most potent compounds.
Additionally, they were tested for their antiangiogenic activities by testing their ability to inhibit
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC), cord formation and migration in response to
chemoattractant.

Results:

Three compounds 2a, 2b and 5b showed significant antiangiogenic activities. The allyl
thioether 2b was the most active with chemotaxis activity data nearly comparable to that of the positive
control, TNP-470. Additionally, 2a, 2b and 5b, contrary to TNP-470, interfered with the migration
of HUVECs in response to vascular endothelial growth factor rather than endothelial cells proliferation
or cord formation. Compounds 2a, 2b and 5b were also investigated for their inhibitory
effects on MMPs to investigate the relationship between their angiogenic activity and MMPs. Results
revealed that compound 2b was the most effective MMP-9 inhibitor in this series. Additionally,
compound 2b reduced the expression levels of VEGF and pERK1/2.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that compound 2b is considered as a promising antiangiogenic
agent by targeting VEGF and MMP-9.
Genetics and Epigenetics Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Muhammad Jibran Sualeh , Ishaq Muhammad , Ahmed Khalid
Published: May 2018

Background:

Behçet’s Disease (BD) is characterized by numerous systemic manifestations and is known for its ability to affect both, arteries and the veins. However, the etiology of BD is only partially understood, and previous studies have demonstrated a role for genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to disease pathophysiology. Several studies have implicated T cells and monocytes in the pathogenesis of BD especially when these cells are stimulated by heat shock proteins and streptococcal antigen. Furthermore, during disease exacerbations adenosine deaminase has an important role in activating lymphocyte proliferation, maturation, and differentiation in BD. This article presents a review of the published literature mainly from the last 20 years. The topics of main concern were the role of genetic and epigenetic factors as contributing factors in disease pathophysiology.

Result and Conclusion:

The authors used MeSH terms “Behçet’s disease” with “pathophysiology,” “pathogenesis,” “genetic” or “epigenetic” to search the PubMed database. All the relevant studies identified were included and are described according to the aforementioned subheadings.
Voltammetric Biosensor Based on Nitrogen-doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Vegetables
Authors: Long Beiqing , Tang Lin , Peng Bo , Zeng Guangming , Zhou Yaoyu , Mo Dan , Fang Siyuan , Ouyang Xilian , Yu Jiangfang
Published: May 2018

Background:

Pesticides residues in agricultural products have posed a serious threat to food
safety and human health, so it is necessary to develop a rapid and accurate method to detect pesticide in
the environment. N-OMC with excellent electroconductivity, high biocompatibility and the functional
amino group that can be covalently attached to the enzyme can be applied to construct a sensitive and
stable acetylcholinesterase biosensor for rapid and accurate detection of organophosphorus pesticides
with the help of L-cysteine self-assembled monolayer and AuNPs.

Methods:

Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption measurements are used to characterize materials. Electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are used to study the surface features of modified
electrodes. Differential pulse voltammetric is used to measure the peak current of modified electrodes.
GC-MS is applied to verify the reliability of the prepared biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides
detection.

Results:

N-OMC was synthesized and applied to constructed stable and sensitive acetylcholinesterase
biosensors. The combination of N-OMC, L-cysteine self-assembled monolayer and AuNPs to modify
the electrode surface has greatly improved the conductivity of biosensor and provided a stable platform
for acetylcholinesterase immobilization. The linear detection range of paraoxon was from 3 to 24 nM
with a lower detection limit of 0.02 nM.

Conclusion:

The biosensor exhibited satisfactory reproducibility, repeatability and stability, and was
successfully employed to determine the paraoxon in vegetables as well as tap water samples, providing
a promising tool for rapid and sensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural products.
Enantioseparation of Cinacalcet, and its Two Related Compounds by HPLC with Self-Made Chiral Stationary Phases and Chiral Mobile Phase Additives
Authors: Yang Canyu , Li Ji , Yao Yanyun , Qing Chen , Shen Baochun
Published: May 2018

Background:

Cinacalcet is one of the second-generation calcimimetics which consists of a chiral center. The pharmacological effect of R-cinacalcet is 1000 times greater than that of the Scinacalcet. As mentioned in many literatures, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine is used as the starting material for the synthesis of cinacalcet. The absolute structure of cinacalcet is influenced by the starting materials.

Methods:

We present the chiral separation of cinacalcet and its starting material, 1-(1-naphthyl) ethylamine along with one of its intermediates, N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl) ethyl)-3- (3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) propanamide by high-performance liquid chromatography with chiral stationary phase and chiral mobile phase additives.

Results:

On vancomycin and cellulose tri 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase, cinacalcet and 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine achieved enantioseparation under normal phase with addition of triethylamine additives, respectively. Meanwhile, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine and N-(1-(naphthalen-1- yl)ethyl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) propanamide achieved enantioseparation on 1-napthalene vancomycin chiral stationary phase using D-tartaric acid, diethyl L-tartrate and diethyl D-tartrate as chiral mobile phase additives.

Conclusion:

The chiral recognition in our experiment was based on the hydrogen-bonding, dipoledipole and π-π interactions among the solutes, chiral stationary phases and chiral mobile phase additives. In addition, the space adaptability of chiral stationary phases also affected the separation efficacy.
Performance Evaluation of Mechanical Power Amplifier for Various Belt Materials
Authors: Gawande S. H.
Published: May 2018

Background:

In many applications, it is required to control a large output load using a relatively low control force. To satisfy such purposes, a device like mechanical power amplifier can be used which generally gives a very fast response. As per the requirement of the system, power can be instantaneously available from continuously rotating drums of the mechanical power amplifier.

Objective:

This paper focuses on the computation of amplification factor of the mechanical power amplifier for different rope materials like leather, woven cotton and steel rope.

Method:

In this study the experimental analysis is performed. A capstan is a simple mechanical amplifier-rope wound on a motor-driven drum. The drums rotate continuously but communicate torque only when the input shaft is rotated to constricts drum A as shown in Fig. (3).

Results:

From the experimental analysis, it endorses that when the optimal number of turns tend to two, power amplification factor is to be 2.23 for leather contact, 1.867 for woven cotton contact, 1.32 for steel contact of rope.

Conclusion:

From the experimental analysis, it is seen that power amplification is higher for leather as compared to woven cotton and steel. The results are remarkably consistent with experimental measurements including favorable calculation of amplification factor.
An Overview of Paris polyphylla, a Highly Vulnerable Medicinal Herb of Eastern Himalayan Region for Sustainable Exploitation
Authors: Puwein Arcadius , Thomas Shiny C.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Paris polyphylla has been traditionally used in China, India and Nepal to
relieve various ailments such as antidote for snake bites, insect poison, relieving wounds, sore
throat, etc. P. polyphylla like many plants in nature contains numerous potential bioactive compounds.
Such bioactive compounds of the herb that have significant biological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial,
antifungal and antiviral need to be validated and augmented with many assays.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to compile the major research works of the herb and updates
information on its developments and approaches that have been rapidly taking place in recent
years, so that further novel research can be envisaged.

Methods:

The published reviews act as the first catalyst and initiator to delve on the studies done so
far about this medicinal herb. The research about the plant such as classification, micropropagation,
phytochemisty, and bioactivity was investigated from papers that were reported from index journals

Results:

New compounds such as paristenosides A and B are being added to the existing known
compounds. There are new high-throughput approaches in the classification of the plant and micropropagation.
The traditional uses of the herb are being validated through different bioactivity assays.

Conclusion:

The continuous research that is being carried out on this herb implies that the depth of
knowledge about the plant is gradually consolidated and the mechanism of the bioactive compounds
derived is slowly comprehended.
Model of Trust Monitoring and Updating Based on Dynamic Weighted Allocation
Authors: Hu Bin , Wu Yuemin , Sun Min , Bang Liu Zheng , Zhang Lin , Yan Jia-Xing , Huang Shan , Zhu Shu-Xin
Published: May 2018

Backgrounds: In order to guarantee safe and efficient operation interaction in open network environment, a new dynamic trust monitoring and updating model based on behavior context is proposed in this paper.

Methods:

Setting four behavior attributes such as security, availability, reliability and performance. Then utilizing the fuzzy clustering and information entropy mathematical methods to carry out the effective synthesis on such attributes.

Conclusion:

The effectiveness and efficiency of the schema are verified by simulation.
Opportunities for Enhanced Strategic Use of Surveys, Medical Records, and Program Data for HIV Surveillance of Key Populations: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Weir Sharon Stucker , Baral Stefan D , Edwards Jessie K , Zadrozny Sabrina , Hargreaves James , Zhao Jinkou , Sabin Keith
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Normative guidelines from the World Health Organization recommend tracking strategic information indicators among key populations. Monitoring progress in the global response to the HIV epidemic uses indicators put forward by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. These include the 90-90-90 targets that require a realignment of surveillance data, routinely collected program data, and medical record data, which historically have developed separately.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe current challenges for monitoring HIV-related strategic information indicators among key populations ((men who have sex with men [MSM], people in prisons and other closed settings, people who inject drugs, sex workers, and transgender people) and identify future opportunities to enhance the use of surveillance data, programmatic data, and medical record data to describe the HIV epidemic among key populations and measure the coverage of HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs.

METHODS

To provide a historical perspective, we completed a scoping review of the expansion of HIV surveillance among key populations over the past three decades. To describe current efforts, we conducted a review of the literature to identify published examples of SI indicator estimates among key populations. To describe anticipated challenges and future opportunities to improve measurement of strategic information indicators, particularly from routine program and health data, we consulted participants of the Third Global HIV Surveillance Meeting in Bangkok, where the 2015 World Health Organization strategic information guidelines were launched.

RESULTS

There remains suboptimal alignment of surveillance and programmatic data, as well as routinely collected medical records to facilitate the reporting of the 90-90-90 indicators for HIV among key populations. Studies (n=3) with estimates of all three 90-90-90 indicators rely on cross-sectional survey data. Programmatic data and medical record data continue to be insufficiently robust to provide estimates of the 90-90-90 targets for key populations.

CONCLUSIONS

Current reliance on more active data collection processes, including key population-specific surveys, remains warranted until the quality and validity of passively collected routine program and medical record data for key populations is optimized.