bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and morphological manifestation of spontaneous Coxiella burnetii infection in sheep
Authors: Sitdikov Rashid , Mullakaev Orazali , Tyaglova Irina
Published: November 2020

The study that simultaneously employed negative staining and ultra-thin sectioning to investigate the causative agent of Q fever in phase I showed that the epizootic strain exhibited morphological characters typical of C. burnetii. Investigation of the ultra-thin structure of sections and whole racketetia cells of the epizootic strain revealed clearly expressed structural basis of the elements of their arrangement and partial similarity of the strain to the reference strains. In animals infected with spontaneous Q fever, the clinical course of the disease was characterized as severe with signs of intermittent fever up to 42 °C, symptoms of fatigue, decreased food excitability, inactivity, catarrhal rhinitis and conjunctivitis, and cyanosis of mucous membranes. Specific, nonspecific and immunopathological processes developed in organs and tissues: specific changes were characterized by formation of epithelioid cell granulomas with Pirogov-Langhans giant cells in the lymph nodes; nonspecific changes manifested through hyperplastic, macrophage and plasma-cell reactions in lymphoid organs; immunopathological changes were characterized by indurated and fibrotized reticular stroma of lymphoid organs, plasmorrhagia, erythrodiapedesis, mucoid and fibrinoid swelling of the blood vessel walls of the microvasculature, formation of lymphoid and histiocytic infiltrates in the lungs, myocard, liver and kidneys, and dystrophic and necrotic changes in the parenchymal elements of these organs, which cumulatively indicated a morphological manifestation of an allergic reaction of DSR type. The study aimed to investigate some issues of the pathogenesis and pathomorphology of spontaneous Q fever infection in sheep.
Determination of the spatial and temporal dynamics of water erosion development using GIS technologies
Authors: Safiollin Faik , Panasyuk Mikhail , Sochneva Svetlana , Trofimov Nikolai
Published: November 2020

Currently, there are 0.21 hectares of arable land for every inhabitant of the planet. According to the UN forecast, the availability of arable land in the future will decrease to 0.14 ha/person not only due to population growth, but also due to land allotment for the construction of settlements, industrial facilities, hydroelectric power stations, mining and, most importantly, for strengthening erosion processes of anthropogenic nature. So, over the past 30 years, 58 hectares of arable land of the Bolsheelovskoye JV of the Elabuga municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan has been withdrawn from agricultural circulation. In addition, a comparative assessment of the initial soil cartogram with a map compiled 30 years later using the geographic information system showed a 2-fold increasing area of medium washed-out soils and the transition of 100 hectares of unwashed-out arable land to the category of slightly washed. Based on the research results, we developed a set of anti-erosion measures, including the planting of stock-regulating and field-protecting forest strips, strip lane placement of crops and increasing soil fertility based on the biologization of farming.
Agricultural organizations as participants in professional and public accreditation of staff training quality in agricultural economy
Authors: Nezhmetdinova F.T. , Fassakhova G. R. , Sharypova N. Kh. , Faizrakhmanov L. M.
Published: November 2020

Modern changes in agricultural market raise the issue of staffing quality. However, there is a real gap between the needs of specific agricultural producers and those workers who come to this sphere after graduating from agricultural universities. There is a number of ways and forms to decrease this gap. One of these tools is an independent external assessment of the quality of learning outcomes in the form of professional and public accreditation, conducted by employers. At the same time, it has not yet become an effective instrument in Russian, but there are some legislative grounds for it. The paper presents the analysis of successful international experience of professional and public assessment of agricultural educational programs, including the universities of North America. In the context of the globalization of agriculture, the implementation of new technologies and food security provision, the introduction of the best practices of public and professional accreditation into the Russian system of training professional agrarian personnel is of particular importance.
Some benefits of improving urban air quality from the perspective of Ho Chi Minh City people
Authors: Tan Danh Nguyen , Minh Quang Le
Published: November 2020

In addition to the hot weather with an extremely high UV index, the air quality in some big cities of Vietnam also alarming. Air pollution will have a large impact on urban development and, above all, people’s health. The results of air pollution monitoring over the past time in Ho Chi Minh City in some locations show that dust pollution and fine dust concentration (PM2.5) in the air of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Ho Chi Minh City are still high and at an alarming level. This is a problem of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and a matter of concern in other countries, especially Asian countries. A few years ago, this issue was mentioned, but now it still causes frustration. The article discusses the factors that affect the air quality, and for that reason the people of the city in particular and this study must take this issue seriously and need to have effective measures.
Socio-cultural structure of transmigrant communities in the Salimbatu Area for accelerating regional development of Bulungan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Wardana Sindhung , Hasibuan Hayati Sari , Herdiansyah Herdis
Published: November 2020

Bulungan Regency as the capital of North Kalimantan Province needs accelerated development to realize its vision as an industrial-based food center. Among the aspects that still need to be worked out are the availability of human resources (HR) as the main driver of the regional economy. It is hoped that the presence of the Transmigrant Community with an agricultural background in the Salimbatu area can make a positive contribution to efforts to accelerate development in Bulungan Regency. By using a combination of literature review study methods reinforced with GIS analysis, this study seeks to reveal the socio-cultural structure of the people in the Salimbatu Transmigration Area and its contribution to improving the agricultural sector to accelerate regional development. The results obtained from this study indicate that the presence of the Transmigrant Community in the Salimbatu area has a proportion where 54.35% of them are native Bulungan people, while the remaining 45.65% are migrants through the Transmigration program. The socio-cultural proportion of the peasant community through the transmigration program to strengthen the regional economy in the agricultural sector in Bulungan Regency currently has not had an optimal impact.
Encouraging innovative work behavior among college students through quality education to succeed the SDGs
Authors: Winarsih  , Etikariena Arum
Published: November 2020

Employee innovation plays an important role in organizational performance and survival, consequently, today’s students are expected to be able to cultivate Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) before they become workers. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between one of the internal individual factors, namely proactive personality, and its relationship with IWB. This quantitative research was conducted on 539 undergraduate students at Universitas Indonesia, with ages ranging from 18-25 years. The students should at least in their second year of study. Proactive personality was measured using a scale developed by Bateman and Crant (1993). IWB was measured using a scale developed by Janssen (2000) with some modifications to ensure that the scale was suitable for college students. Pearson Product-moment Correlation is used to test the hypothesis. This study finds that there is a positive and significant relationship between proactive personality and IWB, r(539) = 0,64, p < 0,01, one-tailed.
Decreasing urban environment quality and smart environment initiatives
Authors: Rouli Juliana , Dyah Kusumastuti Ratih
Published: November 2020

Increasing urbanization cannot be avoided and occurs throughout the world, including in Indonesia. Population growth in urban areas has various impacts in almost all dimensions of life. One of the innovative efforts made by the government to overcome these problems is to develop and implement the concept of a smart city, by utilizing information and communication technology (ICT) to provide services to improve the quality of life of the community and maintain the sustainability of the urban environment. This study discusses a literature review on environmental quality degradation which occurs in urban Indonesia as well as initiatives in one of the dimensions of a smart city, namely the smart environment, which can be applied to overcome these environmental problems. The literature review shows that the application of IoT by using sensors and RFID, data cloud, and Twitter has been proven successful in overcoming some environmental problems.
Critical analysis of the achievements of the global millennium development goals and new approaches to sustainable development management
Authors: Lelechenko Anzhela , Lebedinska Olga , Somin Sergii , Dynnyk Iryna
Published: November 2020

This article provides a critical analysis of the achievements of human development towards sustainable development in the 17th Global Goals and reveals new approaches to the management of this process. Because these goals are related, the success in achieving one of them affects the success of the entire set of goals. This made it possible to distinguish the most acute globalization problems that have require urgent collective attention and special consolidated mechanisms to solve them. It is necessary to establish a unified global system of data collection on indicators of sustainable development from all countries of the world in order to achieve the fundamental social and economic transformations in 2030. The authors identify a new paradigm for the management of sustainable development in the form of governance in the process of achieving the 17 Global Millennium Goals, which aims to provide making such strategic decisions that would serve global interests, and national efforts are supported by effective interstate cooperation through diplomacy and crisis prevention. The researchers generalized the main challenges and suggested to identify the relationships between existing problems of human activity more effectively, adopting an integrated approach and increasing significantly investments in poverty alleviation, inequality and climate change.
The solution of the plane problem of the theory of elasticity by the boundary elements method
Authors: Surianinov Mykola , Krutii Yurii , Kovrov Anatolii , Osadchiy Vladimir
Published: November 2020

An approach to solving the biharmonic equation of the plane problem of the theory of elasticity by the numerical-analytical method of boundary elements is developed. The reduction of the two-dimensional problem to the one-dimensional one was carried out by the KantorovichVlasov method. Systems of fundamental orthonormal functions and the Green function are constructed without any restrictions on the nature of the boundary conditions. A numerical example of solving a plane problem by the boundary element method for a rectangular plate is considered. The results are compared with the data of finite element analysis in the ANSYS program and those obtained by A.V. Aleksandrov.
Improving mass balance of municipal solid waste through waste reduction by informal sectors
Authors: Meidiana Christia , Tomoo Sekito , Agustina Devi , Subagiyo Aris
Published: November 2020

A study on the mass flow of municipal solid waste in a mediumsize-city was conducted to analyze the potential waste reduction through the informal sector. The city was opted since the local government targets to improve the informal sector’s role to reduce the waste, which is relatively reasonable to implement the informal sector involvement rather than high technology in waste management requiring high investment, which can be challenging for the local government. Waste Bank and scavengers are informal sectors mainly involved in waste reduction in the area of study. Their capacity to reduce domestic waste was evaluated using a mass balance method. The recovery factor of each waste type was also calculated to determine the average reduction rate. The result showed that scavengers and cleaning staff working in temporary waste disposal sites (TWDSs) could reduce the waste collected daily up to 70%, 61%, 48%, 50%, 3% for paper, plastic, glass, metal, and organic waste respectively. Calculation using mass balance showed that 17 TWDS reduce a total of 8% waste per year, while 13 waste banks reduce 2% waste per year. It indicated that waste reduction in the city was only 10%. The reduction rate is far below the target of the government, which is 20% by 2020. Therefore, the study proposes improving the mass balance by increasing the waste treatment capacity in TWDSs and waste banks. By adding the shredder and composting heaps in some TWDSs and the number of active members in waste banks, the waste reduction may increases from 10% to 24%.
Adaptation of students to distance learning in COVID-19 conditions in terms of ultradian rhythms of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Bashkireva Tatyana , Bashkireva Anastasia , Morozov Alexander , Severin Alexander , Fateeva Nadezhda , Baykova Larisa , Severina Evgeniya
Published: November 2020

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the transition of educational organizations to self-isolation and distance learning. Once in the new conditions, it was necessary to adapt to the fact that the training format had changed. One of the important tasks for us was to study students’ health and the peculiarities of their adaptation to the acquisition of knowledge and skills using information and communication technologies remotely. Based on Ryazan State University, studies carried out aimed at studying the adaptation and mental health of students to the conditions of distance learning during the period of COVID-19 in terms of ultradian rhythms of the cardiovascular system using the Belgian test “Reaction of the cardiovascular system to load in the form of inclinations torso. “ The obtained biorhythmological data of health status according to the Belgian test showed that the health status of students in the conditions of distance learning in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and selfisolation corresponded to the working state. Distance education satisfied introverts, not extroverts.
Delocalized π36 bond in OX2 (X=halogen) molecules
Authors: Tang Yi-han , Yang Pu , Chen Meng-yuan , Wang Yu-ru , Wang Jia-xin , Xu Jia-wei
Published: November 2020

OX2 (X=halogen) molecules was studied theoretically. Calculation results show that delocalized π36 bonds exist in their electronic structures and O atoms adopt the sp2 type of hybridization, which violates the prediction of the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory of sp3 type. Delocalization stabilization energy is proposed to measure the contribution of delocalized π36 bond to energy decrease and proves to bring extra-stability to the molecule. These phenomena can be summarized as a kind of coordinating effect.
Toward an experimental proof of superhydrophobicity enhanced by quantum fluctuations freezing on a broadband-absorber metamaterial
Authors: Sarrazin Michaël , Septembre Ismaël , Hendrickx Anthony , Reckinger Nicolas , Dellieu Louis , Fleury Guillaume , Seassal Christian , Mazurczyk Radoslaw , Faniel Sébastien , Devouge Sabrina , Voué Michel , Deparis Olivier
Published: November 2020

Previous theoretical works suggested that superhydrophobicity could be enhanced through partial inhibition of the quantum vacuum modes at the surface of a broadband-absorber metamaterial that acts in the extreme ultraviolet frequency domain. This effect would then compete with the classical Cassie–Baxter interpretation of superhydrophobicity. In this article, we first theoretically establish the expected phenomenological features related to such a kind of “quantum” superhydrophobicity. Then, relying on this theoretical framework, we experimentally study patterned silicon surfaces on which organosilane molecules were grafted with all the coated surfaces having similar characteristic pattern sizes but different profiles. Some of these surfaces can indeed freeze quantum photon modes, while others cannot. While the latter ones allow hydrophobicity, only the former ones allow for superhydrophobicity. We believe that these results lay the groundwork for further complete assessment of superhydrophobicity induced by quantum fluctuations freezing.
Roles of positive and indirect negative evidence in L2 feature reassembly
Authors: Prawatmuang Woramon , Yuan Boping
Published: November 2020

This article reports an empirical study investigating L2 acquisition of the Mandarin Chinese collective marker
-men by adult Thai-speaking learners and the Thai collective marker phûak- by adult
Chinese-speaking learners within the framework of the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere,
2009a, 2009b). An acceptability judgment test was administered to learners
with beginning, intermediate and advanced proficiencies of Chinese and Thai (n = 114) as well as native speaker
controls (n = 30). The results reveal a facilitating role of positive evidence in L2 feature reassembly as
Chinese learners who are exposed to positive evidence of “phûak + animal noun” and “phûak +
indefinite noun” structures in their Thai input perform native-like on these structures from an intermediate level onward. On the
other hand, feature reassembly is hindered when positive evidence is unavailable as in the case of Thai learners of Chinese where
no evidence they receive in the input shows ungrammaticality of “animal noun + men” and “indefinite noun +
men” structures in Chinese. These learners mostly fail to perform native-like even at an advanced level.
Definiteness constraint on subjects in L2 and L3 Mandarin grammars
Authors: Xiang Jingting , Yuan Boping
Published: November 2020

Recent research on third language acquisition has been focusing on identifying the source of transfer in third language
(L3) acquisition. In this article, we report on an empirical study of a less-studied language combination of Mandarin, Cantonese and
English, which examines how speakers of Mandarin as a first, second and third language process Mandarin indefinite and definite subjects.
Our data reveals that both typologically and structurally similar and less similar languages are available for transfer in third language
acquisition, thus such transfer can be facilitative as well as detrimental. We also find that the frequency and length of exposure to the
second language (L2) and the vulnerability of the property under investigation may cause first language attrition, which could influence
third language acquisition.
High electrochemical performance of Fe2O3@OMC for lithium-ions batteries
Authors: Wang Bo , Luan Sunrui , Peng Yi , Zhou Junshuang , Hou Li , Gao Faming
Published: November 2020

Fe2O3@OMC (ordered mesoporous carbon) is synthesized using Fe-MOFs (metal-organic frameworks). The Fe2O3@OMC pore size is mostly concentrated at approximately 2–4 nm. Compared to traditional OMC or carbonized Fe-MOFs, Fe2O3@OMC demonstrates a higher capacity (the capacity remains at 1176.6 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles under a current density of 0.1 A g−1) and a longer cycle life. The first cycle capacity of Fe2O3@OMC is ultrahigh at 2448.6 mAh g−1, and the reversible capacity is 1294.1 mAh g−1. Fe2O3@OMC maintains a good performance under current densities of 0.1 A g−1, 0.2 A g−1, 0.5 A g−1, 1 A g−1, 2 A g−1, and 5 A g−1, with electric capacities of 1100.8 mAh g−1, 1017.6 mAh g−1, 849.3 mAh g−1, 690.7 mAh g−1, 506.7 mAh g−1, and 272.1 mAh g−1, respectively. Thus, the material has good rate performance. Combining iron oxide and MOFs is helpful to improve the capacity performance.
Unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a viscous fluid over a semi-infinite stationary flat plate: Blasius flow problem
Authors: Dholey S
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a class of similarity solution for the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations which describe the two-dimensional unsteady laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid over a semi-infinite flat stationary plate surface has been derived. Here, the boundary layer is formed owing to an uniform free stream flow over this plate surface and the unsteadiness in this flow dynamics comes only from the similarity solution which is not yet available in the open literature. For this similarity solution the governing boundary layer equations (momentum and thermal) transform into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations which conceive two physical parameters, namely, unsteadiness parameter γ and Prandtl number Pr. The impact of these two parameters on the unsteady boundary layer flows as well as on the heat transfer analysis have been discussed in detailed. The present analysis confirms the non-existence of the boundary layer solutions after a certain negative value of γ, while it continues for a large positive value of γ and specifically for the value of γ = 0, we get the steady boundary layer solution for the Blasius flow problem. Here, we have considered the whole range of the Pr values, which includes both the limiting cases Pr → 0 and Pr → ∞, in the discussion of the heat transfer analysis. For these two limiting cases, two approximated separate mathematical formulae for the heat transfer solutions have been derived in terms of the well-known bessel, error and hypergeometric functions, whose results for any given value of γ within the solution domain are well fitted with the corresponding numerical results.
Terahertz polarization reflective devices based on one-dimensional grating structure
Authors: Huang Zhisen , Wang Bo
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the application of rectangular metal reflective grating as a polarization device is studied using a rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. Three polarization reflection devices are presented in the terahertz band. In addition, data verification is achieved based on the finite element method and the light field distribution of the device is analyzed to explain the physical mechanism. One of these devices splits the planar light into two mutually orthogonal output beams. The efficiency of TE polarization is 98.07%, and the efficiency of TM polarization is 97.86%. Furthermore, the process parameters of the three polarization devices, as well as the influence of incident wavelength and incident angle on efficiencies are also studied in the terahertz band.
Entropic uncertainty relation of a qubit–qutrit Heisenberg spin model and its steering
Authors: Ju Feng-He , Zhang Zuo-Yuan , Liu Jin-Ming
Published: November 2020

We investigate the quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relation (QMA-EUR) in a Heisenberg XYZ mixed-spin (1/2, 1) model. Coupling strength, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction and inhomogeneous magnetic field, respectively, contributing to QMA-EUR by a thermal entanglement in the hybrid-spin model are studied in detail. Furthermore, we compare the uncertainty of the bipartite hybrid model with those of qubit–qubit and qutrit–qutrit systems. Meanwhile, the effects of local PT-symmetric operation and weak measurement on the steering of entropic uncertainty are analyzed. We find that the local PT-symmetric operation can reduce the entropic uncertainty, and the entropic uncertainty can also be decreased by weak measurement reversal.
Cauchy matrix structure of the Mel’nikov model of long–short wave interaction
Authors: Tian Hong-Juan , Zhang Da-Jun
Published: November 2020

We propose a systematic method to construct the Mel’nikov model of long–short wave interactions, which is a special case of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation with self-consistent sources (KPSCS). We show details how the Cauchy matrix approach applies to Mel’nikov's model which is derived as a complex reduction of the KPSCS. As a new result we find that in the dispersion relation of a 1-soliton there is an arbitrary time-dependent function that has previously not reported in the literature about the Mel’nikov model. This function brings time variant velocity for the long wave and also governs the short-wave packet. The variety of interactions of waves resulting from the time-freedom in the dispersion relation is illustrated.
Dibaryons: Molecular versus compact hexaquarks *
Authors: Clement H. , Skorodko T.
Published: November 2020

Hexaquarks constitute a natural extension of complex quark systems, just as tetra- and pentaquarks do. To this end, the current status of

in both experiment and theory is reviewed. Recent high-precision measurements in the nucleon-nucleon channel and analyses thereof have established

as an indisputable resonance in the long-sought dibaryon channel. Important features of this

state are its narrow width and deep binding relative to the

threshold. Its decay branchings favor theoretical calculations predicting a compact hexaquark nature of this state. We review the current status of experimental and theoretical studies on

as well as new physics aspects it may bring in future. In addition, we review the situation at the

and

thresholds, where evidence for a number of resonances of presumably molecular nature has been found – similar to the situation in charmed and beauty sectors. Finally, we briefly discuss the situation of dibaryon searches in the flavored quark sectors.
The local and global properties of different types of supernova host galaxies
Authors: Zhou Li , Liang Yan-Chun , Ge Jun-Qiang , Zhu Yi-Nan , Shao Xu , Wu Hong , Shi Wei-Bin , Deng Li-Cai
Published: November 2020

By using Data Analysis Pipeline (DAP) products of Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA), which are publicly available from the SDSS Data Release 15, we analyze the local properties at the SN explosion sites and global properties of different types of SN host galaxies to explore the explosion environments of different types of SNe. In our sample, there are 67 SN host galaxies in the field of view of MaNGA, including 32 Type Ia, 29 core collapse SNe (CCSNe), 1 superluminous SN (SLSN), 1 Type I and 4 unclassified type of SNe, with which we can apply the K-S test for analysis and derive statistically robust results. Due to the limited sample size, we could not remove the mass dependence in this work, which is likely the true driver of the trends for the properties presented in this work. The global star formation rate (SFR) and EW(Hα) for SN Ia hosts are slightly lower than those for CCSN hosts on average. SN Ia host galaxies are ∼0.3 dex more massive than CCSN hosts, which implies that the number ratio of CCSNe to Type Ia SNe will decrease with increasing stellar mass of host galaxies. The stellar population age of SN Ia host galaxies is older than that of CCSN hosts on average. There is no significant difference between different types of SN hosts for some properties, including local SFR density (ΣSFR), and local and global gas-phase oxygen abundance. For most galaxies in our sample, the global gas-phase oxygen abundance estimated from the integrated spectra of SN hosts can represent the local gas-phase oxygen abundance at the SN explosion sites with small bias.
The correlations among variability, optical peak time and spectral time lag of long gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Liao Bin , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Wang Fei-Fei , Liu Yu , Lei Wei-Hua
Published: November 2020

Statistical relations are useful tools to comprehend the intrinsic physics processes of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In this work we collect spectral lag (τ), variability (V) and optical peak time (t
p,o). We find that there is a correlation between variabilities and spectral lags, reading as V = −0.0075 (±0.0007) × log10
τ + 0.0351 (±0.0024). There may also exist a relatively weak positive tendency between GRBs optical band peak times and their spectral time lags. Its Pearson coefficient is 0.398, which indicates a weak linear correlation. If we contain some “negative spectral lag” samples, then the latter relation would be worse due to two outlying points. The τ-V relation is consistent with previous studies, and the positive trend between τ and t
p,o indicates the spectral lag of GRB might be caused by the curvature effect, but this conclusion is not significant.
The first results of observations of lunar occultations in different spectral ranges at the 6-m telescope of the SAO RAS
Authors: Shmaylova Ekaterina , Dyachenko Vladimir , Richichi Andrea , Beskakotov Anatoly , Maksimov Aleksandr , Mitrofanova Arina , Balega Yuri
Published: November 2020

Observations by the method of lunar occultations at the 6-m telescope of the SAO RAS reach a resolution limit better than 1 mas. We have devised a new method of observation, which allows obtaining the curves of lunar occultations simultaneously in different ranges of the visible part of the spectrum, and conducted the first observations using a modified optical system. In January 2019, applying the new method, the magnitude differences of the components of the binary star HD 36524 in the R and I bands were measured, which were 1.5 and 1.3 mag, respectively, in good agreement with values calculated from the Gaia mission. According to the obtained data, it was determined that with this method it is possible to reach a signal-to-noise ratio of about 5–10 for stars of 10th magnitude. We discuss the applicability of the proposed optical scheme for the study of binary stars.
Focal surface attitude detection for LAMOST
Authors: Hu Tian-Zhu , Zhang Yong , Cui Xiang-Qun , Li Ye-Ping , Pan Xiu-Shan , Fu Ying
Published: November 2020

With telescope apertures becoming larger and larger, the deployment of large-field telescopes is becoming increasingly popular. However, optical path calibration is necessary to ensure the image quality of large-field and large-diameter telescopes. In particular, focal plane attitude calibration is an essential optical path calibration technique that has a direct impact on image quality. In this paper, a focal plane attitude detection method using eight acquisition cameras is proposed based on the calibration requirements of the wide-field telescope, LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope). Comparison of simulation and experimental results shows that the detection accuracy of the proposed method can reach 30 arcsec. With additional testing and verification, this method could be used to facilitate regular focal plane attitude calibration for LAMOST as well as other large-field telescopes.
Has LIGO detected primordial black hole dark matter? - tidal disruption in binary black hole formation
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Jia , Su Meng
Published: November 2020

The frequent detection of binary mergers of ∼30 M
⊙ black holes (BHs) by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) rekindled researchers’ interest in primordial BHs (PBHs) being dark matter (DM). In this work, we investigated PBHs distributed as DM with a monochromatic mass of 30 M
⊙ and examined the encounter-capture scenario of binary formation, where the densest central region of DM halo dominates. Thus, we paid special attention to the tidal effect by the supermassive black hole (SMBH) present. In doing so, we discovered a necessary tool called loss zone that complements the usage of loss cone. We found that the tidal effect is not prominent in affecting binary formation, which also turned out to be insufficient in explaining the totality of LIGO’s event rate estimation, especially due to a microlensing event constraining the DM fraction in PBH at the mass of interest from near unity to an order smaller. Meanwhile, an early-universe binary formation scenario proves so prevailing that the LIGO signal in turn constrains the PBH fraction below one percent. Thus, people should put more faith in alternative PBH windows and other DM candidates.
Pressurization influence on power and ecological indication of the petrol engine
Authors: Danilov I , Teplinsky A , Khlopkov S , Khodyakov A , Danilov Yu , Popova I
Published: November 2020

Indicated on dynamometric stand LPS 2510 dependences of the engine power and a torque on the crankshaft frequency have been presented in the article. The car VAZ 2123 “Chevrolet Niva” (without catalytic converter) and the engine VAZ 21214 with the mechanical supercharger (compressor) PK-23 have been tested. It is established that configuration of the engine with the compressor has allowed not only to restore the lost power of the motor as a result of extended operation, but also to increase it. It is shown that the content of carbon monoxide and products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases does not exceed standard values of volume fractions of CO and CH. It is established that registered by the indicator of OKTAN values of gasoline are identical to those declared by the manufacturer.
Hydraulic parameters of culverts from pipes with normal and spiral form of corrugation
Authors: Suetina T A , Chernykh O N , Burlachenko A V , Koroteev D D
Published: November 2020

The research paper is devoted to study of culverts from metal corrugated pipes (CMP) and helically corrugated steel pipes (HCSP). Modern design solutions of culverts from CMP and HCSP are differ as compared with used before (bottom with various types of roughness, inlet and outlet heads, type and size of corrugation) and there is not enough experimental data for their design. The aim of the study is to test CMP and HCSP models to determine their hydraulic parameters, such as roughness and resistance coefficient, critical bias and so on. The laboratory equipment and method of experimental study as well as results of the tests of CMP and HCSP with protective tray at the pipe bottom and without it under different operation modes are given in the research paper. The results of the study show that roughness coefficient under pressure hade mode can be determined using Norton equation only for HCSP, Norton and Einstein-Banks equations are corrected for CMP.
Application of pump-ejecting system for SWAG injection and utilization of associated gas
Authors: Drozdov A N , Gorelkina E I , Gorbyleva Ya A , Narozhnyy I M
Published: November 2020

The work provides an analysis of the operating experience of the pump-ejecting system for simultaneous water and gas injection (SWAG) injection, at the Samodurovsky field of Orenburgneft PJSC. The results of earlier theoretical and experimental studies were confirmed. The pump-ejecting system worked stably in various modes; there were no disruptions in the supply of ejectors and pumps. At the same time, the experience of operating the system made it possible to outline measures to improve not only the equipment, but also the technology of water and gas impact on the formation using pump-ejecting systems. To implement SWAG, it is necessary that the gas content of the mixture in reservoir conditions reach 13-20%. In those cases when the volume of associated petroleum gas (APG) is not offered, it is proposed to use nitrogen. Adding nitrogen as a gas component to the water-gas mixture will help to obtain a mixture with the desired gas content. This solution allows utilizing APG and significantly increasing oil production.
IPCC baseline scenarios have over-projected CO2 emissions and economic growth
Authors: Burgess Matthew G , Ritchie Justin , Shapland John , Pielke Roger
Published: November 2020

Scenarios used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are central to climate science and policy. Recent studies find that observed trends and International Energy Agency (IEA) projections of global CO2 emissions have diverged from emission scenario outlooks widely employed in climate research. Here, we quantify the bases for this divergence, focusing on Kaya Identity factors: population, per-capita gross domestic product (GDP), energy intensity (energy consumption/GDP), and carbon intensity (CO2 emissions/energy consumption). We compare 2005–2017 observations and IEA projections to 2040 of these variables, to ‘baseline’ scenario projections from the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), and from the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) used in the upcoming Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). We find that the historical divergence of observed CO2 emissions from baseline scenario projections can be explained largely by slower-than-projected per-capita GDP growth—predating the COVID-19 crisis. We also find carbon intensity divergence from baselines in IEA’s projections to 2040. IEA projects less coal energy expansion than the baseline scenarios, with divergence expected to continue to 2100. Future economic growth is uncertain, but we show that past divergence from observations makes it unlikely that per-capita GDP growth will catch up to baselines before mid-century. Some experts hypothesize high enough economic growth rates to allow per-capita GDP growth to catch up to or exceed baseline scenarios by 2100. However, we argue that this magnitude of catch-up may be unlikely, in light of: headwinds such as aging and debt, the likelihood of unanticipated economic crises, the fact that past economic forecasts have tended to over-project, the aftermath of the current pandemic, and economic impacts of climate change unaccounted-for in the baseline scenarios. Our analyses inform the rapidly evolving discussions on climate and development futures, and on uses of scenarios in climate science and policy.
Processes controlling the flux of legacy phosphorus to surface waters at the farm scale
Authors: Barcala Victoria , Rozemeijer Joachim , Osté Leonard , Van der Grift Bas , Gerner Laurens , Behrends Thilo
Published: November 2020

Phosphorus (P) leaching from agriculture is a major driver of water eutrophication in downstream rivers and lakes. In drained lowland areas with intensive agriculture, a reduction in the fertilizer applications may be insufficient to improve the water quality in the short term as the P accumulated in the soil during decades of high fertilization may continue leaching for many years. A complementary approach to reduce P exports from agriculture is to implement edge-of-field mitigation measures at the farm scale. The selection of effective measures requires a detailed insight into the chemical and hydrological transport mechanisms. Here, we determined the main P sources, processes, and transport routes at the farm scale to support the selection of appropriate mitigation measures. We quantified the legacy P, the different P pools stored in the upper soil, and related it to the yearly P export downstream. To do this, we combined high-resolution monitoring data from the soil, groundwater, surface water, and ditch sediments. The legacy P in the topsoil was high, about 2500 kg ha−1. The predominant subsurface flow and the subsoils’ P sorption capacity retained the P mobilized from the topsoil and explained the relative moderate flux of P to surface waters (0.04 kg ha−1 during the 2018–2019 drainage season). The dissolved P entering the drainage ditch via groundwater discharge was bound to iron-containing particles formed due to the oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron. Once leached from the soil to the drainage ditch, resuspension of P-rich sediment particles during flow peaks were the most important P transport mechanism (78%). Therefore, we expect that hydraulic constructions that reduce flow velocities and promote sedimentation of P-containing particles could reduce the export of P further downstream.
Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from banana fiber in poly(lactic acid) biocomposite produced from solvent casting technique
Authors: Luqman. M , Vesuanathan Tamil Arasi , Salleh Mohd Nazry
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this project is to extract Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Banana fiber to produce Poly(Lactic Acid)/Microcrystalline Cellulose, (PLA/MCC) biocomposite film using a solvent casting technique. The initial phase is the production of MCC from Banana fiber by involving three steps; alkaline treatment, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. MCC produced from the different concentration of Nitric acid in the acid hydrolysis process, were used to analyze the morphological and crystalline properties using SEM and XRD respectively. MCC produced from the higher concentration of Nitric acid shows good morphological properties and higher % crystallinity. Then, MCC compounded into PLA with different filler loading to produce PLA/MCC biocomposite film using a different solvent which is Chloroform and Dichloromethane. Results show that lower MCC loading, induces good filler matrix interaction and this evidences by the improvement of the Tensile strength and Young’s Modulus, as well as shows improvement in loss factor and storage modulus which studied from DMA. Moreover, the addition of MCC slightly improved the thermal stability of PLA. From using a different solvent to produce PLA/MCC biocomposite film, Dichloromethane solvent improves the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biocomposite film, while Chloroform reduces the tensile properties of biocomposite film.
Dynamic Vulcanization of Polypropylene / Natural Rubber Blends Filled with Cyperus Odoratus
Authors: Abidin Norfatulikmah Zainal , Wahab Mohamad Kahar Ab
Published: November 2020

A new thermoplastic blend was developed using polypropylene (PP) with natural rubber (NR) as the base material. The natural filler is added to enhance the properties of PP/NR blend. The first series was to compare the properties of PP/NR blend with different filler loading. Second series was to investigate the effect of dynamic vulcanization on the properties of PP/NR blend filled with Cyperus Odoratus with the intention of improving the blend properties. Process development, tensile properties, thermal analysis, FTIR analysis and morphological characterization of blends were investigated with the variation of the conditions of the blend. The increasing filler loading decrease the tensile properties of the PP/NR blend and it shows in the morphology study of the blend. Dynamic vulcanization of the blend resulted in improved tensile and thermal properties compared to unvulcanized counterpart. This result is confirmed by the SEM study that showed better dispersion of NR in the PP matrix and improved adhesion between the two phases.
Tensile Properties of Polyethylene Composites Based Kaolin Geo-Filler
Authors: Lun Loh Zhen , Daud Yusrina Mat , Zainal Farah Farhana , Hashim Mohammad Firdaus Abu , Hasri  , Hartati  , Shern Tan Wei
Published: November 2020

The current work studies the tensile properties of polyethylene composites-based kaolin geo-filler. Polyethylene composites was prepared based on kaolin geo-filler at different loading content varies from 0,2,4,6,8 and 10 wt%. The optimum results were compared with polyethylene composites based on raw kaolin to study the effect both filler on tensile properties. Tensile test was conducted according to ASTM D638. Based on these research studies, the use of kaolin geo-filler is effectively improved the tensile properties of polyethylene as compared to the raw kaolin filler. As the result, 8% of kaolin geo-filler content demonstrate the optimum formulation to enhance the tensile properties of polyethylene composites.
The efficiency of Zero Charge Corrosion Protection on pure Mg by Planned Interval Test
Authors: Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam , Sanusi Muhamad Syazwan , Wardan Rajaselan , Rahmat Azmi , Derman Mohd Nazree
Published: November 2020

The concept of zero charge potential (Epzc) is manipulated to eliminates the effect of the electric double layer in order to mitigate the corrosion reactions through the zero-charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) method. The efficiency of the ZCCP method was examined by planned intervals test on pure Mg metal in 3.5% NaCl solution. The test results showed that the tendency of both liquid corrosiveness and metal corrodibility are decreased from -1562.7mm/yr (Eocp) to -98.2mm/yr (Epzc). ZCCP technique was succeeded by corrosion protection efficiency of pure Mg which was recorded between 93 to 96% in 3.5%) NaCl solution.
Effect of using Palm Char and Coke as a Reductant in Production of Ferrosilicon
Authors: Yunos Nur Farhana Mohd , Idris Muhammad Asri , Munusamy Sri Raj Rajeswari , Perumal K.
Published: November 2020

This research focused on the synthesis of ferrosilicon alloy by coke and palm char as a reductant. Raw materials which were iron ore, silica sand, coke and palm char mixed and compacted into pellets. The pellets were reduced at temperature of 1300°C using horizontal tube furnace with nitrogen gas flow. The pellets after reduction process were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X- ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectra (SEM/EDS). The results from XRD analysis indicated that the formation of FeSi, Fe3Si and SiC phases were appeared at 1300 °C for both reductants. The brighter phases were observed in SEM/EDS mapping analysis represents as iron and silicon. The EDX analysis showed the high amount silica developed for coke compared to palm char due to high content of silica and carbon. The results found that palm char as carbon reductant has the potential to produce ferrosilicon and silica carbide in sustainable way.
Preliminary Study of Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2–GO Composites as a High Performance Photocatalyst
Authors: Azira N.M.N , Murizam D. , Halin D.S.C. , Idris M.A. , Yunos N. F. M.
Published: November 2020

In this study, the addition of graphene oxide (GO) into TiO2 was investigated. GO was prepared by modified Hummer method before it was added into TiO2 via hydrothermal method. The graphite and GO was characterized by Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) along with the TiO2-GO composites also have been characterized. The morphology of TiO2 deposited on the surface of the GO sheet was observed by SEM. the phase formation of anisotropic anatase (TiO2) of the TiO2-GO was detected in XRD. The photocatalytic activity was determined by calculating the photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. The photodegradation of MB were increased with time for TiO2-GO compared to pure TiO2. The results indicated that TiO2-GO composites was successfully produced using hydrothermal method for the photocatalytic application.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) as an UAV Information Processor for Generating an ‘As Built Drawing’
Authors: Romeli Norsyakilah , Desa Hazry , Azizan Muhammad Azizi
Published: November 2020

The heritage building is a valuable asset to humans and countries due to the grandeur symbolization and the dignity representation of a country. However, the dramatic changes on the historical building physical feature has been documented poorly. Subsequently, the depletion of the building information has making the maintenance works intricate. On site surveying might difficult due to the safety issue that putting manpower into risky circumstances. Advance technology may allow many to obtain information using aid of remote sensing, photogrammetry, geographic information system (GIS) and 3D laser scanning. The projection of the As Built Drawing might possible without utilisation of BIM as an analyser for the raw information congregated. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop an ‘As Built Drawing’ for heritage building using Building Information Modelling (BIM) as an information processor. The methodology involved the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) application and Terrestrial Laser Scanner, photogrammetry image then been analysed using BIM. The identification of design properties of heritage building was obtained which consisted of architectural properties and structural properties. Therefore, the development of ‘As Built Drawing’ will be produced completely using BIM and in the other hand solving the problem on facilities management on the historical building.