bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penetrometer tests on 109 pit latrines in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Seal D , Bown RT , Parker AH
Published: August 2018

Pit latrine contents can have varying consistencies that make the pits challenging to empty. It has been assumed that solids sink to the bottom of the pit with a more liquid layer above this and a scum on the top. This implies that it would be possible to remove the uppermost layers with a pump. However, recent studies have found alternative sludge profiles, including a thick crust on the top. This paper presents penetrometer data from a large number (109) of pit latrines in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya. The penetrometer consists of a weight, dropped onto an anvil that drives a cone into the pit. The depth of penetration following each impact was measured. This was converted into plots of depth in the pits against penetration. Each pit was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and categorised into positive or negative correlation, significant or non-significant. Significant, negative correlation was assumed to correspond to pits where the solids had sunk to the bottom. 38% of pits were classified in this way, which suggested that while it is common that the number of impacts required to penetrate the sludge increases with depth in the pit, this is not always the case. Pit emptiers should be prepared to deal with pits with a variety of sludge profiles, including those with a solids layer at the top.
Exploring ways to increase public investments in agricultural water management and irrigation for improved agricultural productivity in Southern Africa
Authors: Nhemachena Charles , Matchaya Greenwell , Nhlengethwa Sibusiso , Nhemachena Charity R
Published: August 2018

This paper explores ways to increase public investments in agricultural water management and irrigation for improved agricultural productivity in Southern Africa, with a specific focus on Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. The analysis was based on a critical review of literature and assessment of the national agricultural investment plans and agricultural/water policies in the study countries. Despite the potential to improve agricultural productivity, irrigation does not currently play a significant role in Southern African agriculture. There have been efforts and formal commitments at the continental, regional and countrylevels to promote investments in agricultural water management and irrigation to improve and sustain agricultural productivity. However, despite these commitments, actual implementation has been a challenge and the first 5 years of national agricultural investment plans have passed or are now coming to an end without much progress having been made regarding actual investments. Lack of adequate resources and institutional capacity have been some of the challenges affecting implementation of the investment plans to meet commitments in sustainable land and water management. Overall, as countries plan for the second phase of the CAADP programme, there are opportunities to ensure that investments in agricultural water management and irrigation and complementary technologies are prioritised and allocated adequate resources for implementation.
Effects of different mulch types on soil moisture content in potted shrubs
Authors: Stelli S , Hoy L , Hendrick R , Taylor M
Published: August 2018

South Africa is classified as a semi-arid environment with limited natural water resources and variable rainfall. It is also described as water scarce, with many of its water resources already fully exploited. Gardening is one of the principal methods that people use to experience nature, and gardens can also be a public demonstration of personal value, a source of satisfaction, and part of a connection to the community. However, gardens are also one of the top users of water, accounting for approximately 31–50% of potable water supplied for domestic and urban use. In order to reduce the amount of water used in gardens, water conservation strategies such as mulching need to be employed. In view of South Africa’s water situation, it is Rand Water’s aim to promote the wise use of water, in all aspects of water consumption. It is anticipated that this study will provide information useful to water saving in urban gardens and landscapes, and will promote the use of mulch amongst gardeners, landscapers and the general public. Mulching potted plants with various organic and inorganic mulch was found to conserve an average of 35% more soil water content over approximately 6 weeks of no irrigation than plants with no mulch. Mulch was shown to increase plant health and vitality, as indicated by stomatal conductance, by an average of 44% than plants with no mulch. The recommended mulch type for use in gardens is bark chips in both summer and winter seasons.
Structural changes in the shallow and transition branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation induced by El Niño
Authors: Diallo Mohamadou , Konopka Paul , Santee Michelle L. , Müller Rolf , Tao Mengchu , Walker Kaley A. , Legras Bernard , Riese Martin , Ploeger Felix
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation (BD-circulation) determines the transport and lifetime of key radiatively active trace gases and further impacts surface climate through downward coupling. Here, we quantify the variability in the lower stratospheric BD-circulation induced by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), using satellite trace gas measurements and simulations with the Lagrangian chemistry transport model, CLaMS, driven by ERA-Interim and JRA-55 reanalyses. We show that despite discrepancies in the deseasonalised ozone (O3) mixing ratios between CLaMS simulations and satellite observations, the patterns of changes in the lower stratospheric O3 anomalies induced by ENSO agree remarkably well over the 2005–2016 period. Particularly during the most recent El Niño in 2015–2016, both satellite observations and CLaMS simulations show the largest negative tropical O3 anomaly in the record. Regression analysis of different metrics of the BD-circulation strength, including mean age of air, vertical velocity, residual circulation and age spectrum, shows clear evidence for structural changes of the BD-circulation in the lower stratosphere induced by El Niño, consistent with observed O3 anomalies. These structural changes during El Niño include a weakening of the transition branch of the BD-circulation between about 370–420 K (∼ 100–70 hPa) and equatorward of about 60° and, a strengthening of the shallow branch at the same latitudes and between about 420–500 K (∼ 70–30 hPa). The strengthening of the shallow branch induces negative tropical O3 anomalies due to enhanced tropical upwelling, while the weakening of the transition branch combined with enhanced downwelling due to the strengthening shallow branch leads to positive O3 anomalies in the extratropical upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS). Our results suggest that a shift of the ENSO basic state toward more frequent El Niño-like conditions in a warming future climate will substantially alter UTLS trace gas distributions due to these changes in the vertical structure of the stratospheric circulation.
Dual-Wavelength Radar Technique Development for Snow Rate Estimation: A Case Study from GCPEx
Authors: Huang Gwo-Jong , Bringi Viswanathan N. , Newman Andrew J. , Lee GyuWon , Moisseev Dmitri , Notaros Branislav M.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) of snowfall has generally been expressed in power-law form between equivalent radar reflectivity factor (Ze) and liquid equivalent snow rate (SR). It is known that there is large variability in the pre-factor of the power law due to changes in particle size distribution (PSD), density, and fall velocity whereas the variability of the exponent is considerably smaller. The dual-wavelength radar reflectivity ratio (DWR) technique can improve SR accuracy by estimating one of the PSD parameters (characteristic diameter) thus reducing the variability due to the pre-factor. The two frequencies commonly used in dual-wavelength techniques are Ku- and Ka-bands. The basic idea of DWR is that the snow particle size-to-wavelength ratio is such as to fall in the Rayleigh region at Ku-band but in the Mie region at Ka-band. We propose a method for snow rate estimation by using NASA D3R radar DWR and Ka-band reflectivity observations collected during a long-duration synoptic snow event on 30–31 January 2012 during the GCPEx (GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment). Since the particle mass can be estimated using 2D-video disdrometer (2DVD) fall speed data and hydrodynamic theory, we simulate the DWR and compare directly with D3R radar measurements. We also use the 2DVD-based mass to compute the 2DVD-based SR. Using three different mass estimation methods, we arrive at three respective sets of Z-SR and SR(Zh, DWR) relationships. We then use these relationships with D3R measurements to compute radar-based SR. Finally, we validate our method by comparing the D3R radar-retrieved SR with accumulated SR directly measured by a well-shielded Pluvio gauge for the entire synoptic event.
Spatial distribution and trends of different precipitation variability indices based on daily data in Northern Chile between 1966 and 2015
Authors: Meseguer-Ruiz Oliver , Ponce-Philimon Paulina I. , Guijarro Jose A. , Sarricolea Pablo
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Northern Chile is one of the most arid regions in the world, as includes the Atacama Desert, but in high altitudes, precipitation is recorded in a very constricted season every year. This makes that water availability is one of the main concerns for policymakers. Accumulated rainfall presents very high differences from one year to another, and this makes that climate projections have a very low degree of confidence in this area. So to this region it is more interesting to study the irregularity of precipitation itself instead of the accumulated rainfall values. According to daily data of 161 meteorological stations, 4 irregularity indices of precipitation were calculated: concentration index, entropy, persistence index and fractal dimension. These indices were determined according to observed values, and then determined their spatial distribution by interpolating following multivariate regression models that consider different geographical variables such as latitude, distance to the Amazon basin, elevation, orientation and curvature. The temporal trends of each index and for each meteorological station were also calculated, and showed different results depending on the latitude and the elevation. These changes agree with the observed modifications on the intertropical atmospheric circulation and with the changes in the precipitation diurnal cycle. These results will help to improve climate projections for these region and to inform the development of water management policies.
Towards the North Sea wind power revolution
Authors: Sørensen Jens N. , Larsen Gunner C.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The present work assesses the potential of a massive exploitation of offshore wind power in the North Sea by combining a meteorological model with a cost model that includes a bathymetric analysis of the water depth of the North Sea. The overall objective is to assess if the wind power in the North Sea can deliver the total consumption of electricity in Europe and to what prize as compared to conventional onshore wind energy. The meteorological model is based on the assumption that the exploited area is so large, that the wind field between the turbines is in equilibrium with the atmospheric boundary layer. This makes it possible to use momentum analysis to determine the mutual influence between the atmospheric boundary layer and the wind farm, with the wind farm represented by an average horizontal force component corresponding to the thrust. The cost model includes expressions for the most essential wind farm cost elements, such as costs of wind turbines, support structures, cables and electrical substations, as well as operation and maintenance as function of rotor size, interspatial distance between the turbines, and water depth. The numbers used in the cost model are based on previous experience from offshore wind farms, and is therefore somewhat conservative. The analysis shows that the lowest energy cost is obtained for a configuration of large wind turbines erected with an interspatial distance of about eight rotor diameters. A part of the analysis is devoted to assessing the relative costs of the various elements of the cost model in order to determine the components with the largest potential for reducing the cost price. As an overall finding, it is shown that the power demand of Europe, which is 0.4 TW or about 3500 TWh/year, can be fulfilled by exploiting an area of 190.000 km2, corresponding to about 1/3 of the North Sea, with 100.000 wind turbines of generator size 13 MW on water depths up to 45 m at a cost price of about 7.5 €cents/kWh.
Versions of Triangular Desire in Hungarian Literature: Reading Sándor Márai and Péter Nádas
Authors: Bollobás Enikő
Published: August 2018

Two Hungarian authors, Sándor Márai and Péter Nádas, seem to have one thing in common: their attraction to triangular relationships. Written between 1935 and 1942 and portraying human relations in pre-World War II Hungary, Márai’s two novels and one drama all turn on a very specific triangular structure between two close friends and the woman whom they both love(d). Now they conduct a painful tête-à-tête to decide on the final ownership (or simply fate) of the woman. Written in 1979 and portraying human relations in communist Hungary, Nádas’s play has only two actors on stage, a woman of aristocratic descent and a young man, the son of a high-ranking communist official, the woman’s long dead lover. This exchange between the two characters opens into an encounter of three, where the woman and the young man each use the other as a mediator to reach the third, the lover/father. Bollobás argues that the triangles displayed by the two authors represent two distinct types: the former is informed by fixed, hierarchical, subject-object power relations, while the latter by fluid, non-hierarchical, subject-subject relations.
The Spirit of Radio: Hungary 1956, Radio Free Europe, and the Shadow Public Sphere
Authors: Brown Karl
Published: August 2018

This study explores popular responses to communist rule in Hungary and the role of Western media in the years leading up to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.  Most scholars to date have focused on the guiding role of the intelligentsia and the influence of Radio Free Europe. While these were indeed necessary ingredients in the revolutionary stew, Brown argues that the roots of the revolution are more complex. Hungarians from all social strata listened to many Western radio stations; as a result, many of them adopted critical and informed perspectives on the propaganda directed at them from both Moscow and Washington. As Hungarians listened in on the West, their discussion of news and politics generated a shadow public sphere, in which Radio Free Europe came to occupy a preeminent role despite its biased and propagandistic tone. The shadow public sphere incubated the postwar dream of an egalitarian and democratic Hungary until open political discourse became possible once more in October 1956.
Miserable Hungarian Occupiers and Their Miserable Subjects: Review Article of Ungváry, Krisztián. A magyar megszálló csapatok a Szovjetunióban, 1941-1944. Esemény - elbeszélés - utóélet [The Hungarian Occupation Troops in the Soviet Union, 1941-1944. Event - Narrative - Afterlife]. Osiris, pp. 467. Maps, Photographs.
Authors: Deák István
Published: August 2018

It took some seventy years after World War II for the educated part of the Hungarian public to obtain comprehensive information on the double tragedy of Hungary’s participation in the German military campaign against the Soviet Union. Not only was the army’s defeat at the Don River in the winter of 1942/43 an unmitigated catastrophe, but as Krisztián Ungváry demonstrates, the Hungarian honvéd forces, performing occupation duty in Ukraine and a part of Belorussia, committed atrocities against the civilian population which nearly equaled those of the German occupiers. Moreover, the ill-equipped Hungarians’ main dilemma was a nefarious entanglement in local ethnic and nationalist conflicts, in which the Soviet Partisans played only a limited role.
Szőcs, Géza. 2017. Liberty, Rats and Sandpaper [Szabadság, spiclik, dörzspapír]. Trans. Paul Sohar. Island Heights, NJ: Iniquity Press. 112 pp.; Böszörményi, Zoltán. 2018. The Conscience of Trees [A fák lelkiismerete]. Trans. Paul Sohar. Princeton, NJ: Ragged Sky Press. 127 pp.
Authors: Hegyi Pál
Published: August 2018

Szőcs, Géza. 2017. Liberty, Rats and Sandpaper [Szabadság, spiclik, dörzspapír]. Trans. Paul Sohar. Island Heights, NJ: Iniquity Press. 112 pp.; Böszörményi, Zoltán. 2018. The Conscience of Trees [A fák lelkiismerete]. Trans. Paul Sohar. Princeton, NJ: Ragged Sky Press. 127 pp.
Eggs and their consumption affected by the different Factors of purchase
Authors: Kozelová Dagmar , Országhová Dana , Matejková Eva , Fikselová Martina , Horská Elena , Ďurdí­ková Dominika , Matysik-Pejas Renata
Published: August 2018

Consumers' buying behavior and preferences are affected by many factors such as the product quality, price, labeling and country of origin. The objective of this paper was to examine the opinions of the Slovak consumers about the purchase and consumption of eggs and identify their preferences at egg purchase. The input data were obtained using a questionnaire survey. The method of descriptive statistics and selected methods of measuring dependence or associations were used. The existence of statistically significant relationships was verified by the Pearson chi-square test or by the Fisher's exact test. The statistical proof of relationships was evaluated based on the significance of the test characteristic (p-value). The existence of dependence between the most important factor affecting purchasing of eggs - a price of eggs, and the age of the respondent - was confirmed. Further, the relationship between the preferred place of buying eggs and the classification criterion was also proved, i.e. whether a respondent is a breeder of the egg type of hens or not. The relationship between the preferred place of buying eggs and the gender of a respondent was confirmed as well. There was determined the dependence on the gender of a respondent in the question related to eggs consumption.
Assessment of the functional quality and safety of yoghurts produced with starter cultures obtained from selected commercially sold yoghurts
Authors: Oyetunji Oluwadunsin Adedeji , Adebisi Kehinde Adedapo
Published: August 2018

The study focused on the examination of laboratory prepared yoghurts which were fermented with selected starter cultures from commercially sold yoghurt. The starter cultures were molecularly identified (16s rRNA) as Enterococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Pediococcuspentosaceus and Enterococcus durans. The isolates were examined for bile tolerance as an indicator of their ability to survive in the gut. The starter cultures were used to produce different yoghurts in the following order: Enterococcus lactis produced yoghurt, L. plantarum and L. pentosus produced yoghurt, Pediococcuspentosaceus produced yoghurt, E. durans produced yoghurt and yoghurt produced with all starter cultures.  All yoghurts were examined for nutritional quality (vitamin A, B12 and C content, soluble and casein bound magnesium and calcium and proximate nutrient composition). At p ≤0.05, there was statistical significant difference in the nutritional content with P. pentosaceus contained yoghurt, E. durans contained yoghurt and yoghurt produced with a combination of all isolates recording the highest nutritional values and the lowest was observed with the control. Safety tests such as haematology and histology were carried out on wistar rats. After 7 days of feeding the rats in groups with the different yoghurts and a control without yoghurt, there were marked improvements in the red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts but no significant difference in the differentials at p ≤0.05. The isolates were also observed to have no disruptive effect on the morphology and structure of the small intestine. Overall, the use of these lactic acid bacteria strains showed immense benefits in their use as starter cultures and the study demonstrated safety of the final products for consumption.
Functional and thermal properties of flour obtained from submerged fermentation of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Seed chips using Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Hidayat Jefri Pandu
Published: August 2018

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is one of the most popular seasonal fruits in South East Asia, mainly Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. After consuming of the fruit pulp, the abundant durian seeds are usually disposed. However, they can be eaten after being boiled, roasted, baked, fried or cooked. Unfortunately, there is no sufficient information on the innovative utilizations of the durian seeds as raw materials in the preparation of modern foods. This study aims to characterize the functional and thermal properties of native and fermented durian seed flour obtained from submerged fermentation of durian seed chips using Lactobacillus plantarum, so that this information can be used as the basis in the development of functional foods. The effect of solid consistency (5 - 25% w/v), inoculum size (2.5 - 15% w/v) and time (0 - 40 h) on the swelling power, water solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, carbonyl and carboxyl content, degree of substitution and gelatinization temperature of the flour were investigated. Fermentation was found to alter all of the functional and thermal properties of durian seed flour. Although fermentation increased the gelatinization temperature and oil absorption capacity of durian seed flour, their value were still lower than that of wheat flour. Based on the carboxyl group content and degree of substitution, the fermented durian seed flour obtained from fermentation of durian seed chips at 15% w/v solid consistency and 5% v/v inoculums size for 24 h is safe for consumption. Fermented durian seed flour exhibits similar functional properties to that of wheat flour and offers its superiority and high potential applications in the food industry over wheat flour due to its high fiber content (8.50 ±0.26%), but low fat content (0.63 ±0.03%). However, rigorous research should be conducted to ensure the acceptability and practical implementation of fermented durian seed flour as raw material for the manufacture of bread, cookies, cake and noodle.
Does Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Affect Financial Performance? Evidence from Nigerian Deposit Money Banks
Authors: Aggreh Meshack , Malgwi Charles A. , Enyi-Igbokwe Amanda E. , Aggreh Mercy S.
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on financial performance of eleven (11) deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) as at December 31, 2014. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to test whether significant differences exist in the profitability, liquidity and leverage ratios of the selected banks using IFRS and Nigerian Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS) based financial statements. The results show that adoption of IFRS does significantly affect financial performance of Nigerian deposit money banks. Specifically, IFRS adoption significantly and positively affects profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks, while it significantly, but negatively affects their liquidity and financial leverage. The study recommends continuous enlightenment campaigns on the potential effects of IFRS implementation by the regulatory authorities, professional bodies and the government as more and more firms in Nigeria change from SAS based financial reporting to IFRS. Furthermore, firms should endeavour to use the opportunity presented by the IFRS to improve their business processes in all ramifications so as to promote uniformity and transparency.
Teachers Mentoring Teachers in the Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise for the Restoration of New York Harbor with New York City Public Schools (BOP-CCERS) Fellowship
Authors: Birney Lauren B , Kong Joyce , Evans Brian R , Persuad Ashley M , Danker Macey
Published: August 2018

The Billion Oyster Project and Curriculum and Community Enterprise for the Restoration of New York Harbor withNew York City Public Schools (BOP-CCERS)(NSF DRL 1440869/PI Lauren Birney) program is a National ScienceFoundation (NSF) supported initiative through collaboration by multiple institutions and organizations led by PaceUniversity. Partners on this initiatitve include Columbia Lamont Doherty, the New York Aquairum, the New YorkHarbor Foundation, the New York Academy of Sciences, the River Project, Good Shepher Services, SmartstartEvaluation and Research, the University Maryland Center for Environmental Science and Fearless Solutions. Inthis study, teachers from one cohort were paired with teachers from a succeeding cohort in order to facilitate amentoring process between the two cohorts. This allows for teacher ambassardors to have a support structurethroughout the program, seek integral feedback, modify teaching techniques, integrate project research and establishlong term partnerships within the project team.
Models and Mathematical Modelling: What Do Teachers and Preservice Teachers Know?
Authors: Akkan Yasar , Ozturk Mesut , Akkan Pinar , Cakir Zafer
Published: August 2018

The aim of the research is to examine the perspectives of teachers and preservice teachers in regard with models,mathematical models and mathematical modelling process in different variables terms and to compare them. In thisresearch that is having quantitative research design survey method, which is one of the descriptive research technic,survey method is used. Research is performed with 127 teacher and preservice teachers. It is benefitted from adifferent survey in the stage of data collection and open ended questions that is developed by the researcher. In theanalysis of the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods and content analysis method were used. As a result,views of the teachers and preservice teachers regarding (mathematical) models and mathematical modelling showsdifferences according to some variables, however, it is not found out most significant differences in the views of theteachers and preservice teachers in regard with these subjects.
Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children – an important problem in the light of current European guidelines
Authors: Krzeski Antoni , Burghard Marcin
Published: August 2018

Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a common clinical problem. An unrecognized and untreated SDB is a serious threat for an intensively developing organism of a child. The consequences of SDB include cardiovascular and neurological complications, growth disorders and enuresis. Therefore, SDB in children becomes an important subject of many scientific investigations, publications, and congresses. In 2015 the European Respiratory Society Task Force published a document concerning the conclusions about the diagnostics and treatment of SDB in children and youth from 2 to 18 years of age (Fig. 1). The scientific data from 362 publications were presented in a condensed form of “seven steps”, very useful in diagnosing and treatment planning (1). The authors underline the limited number of reliable evidence about SDB: prospective studies, randomized double-blinded studies with placebo. The presented evidence was categorized depending on their quality according to the classification of the American Academy of Neurology (ANN) into classes I – IV. Previously, in 2012, the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with tonsillar hypertrophy and/or obesity were published (2, 3) and they were a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic compendium. The European guidelines discussed in this article result from the progress of knowledge in recent years, they cover the subject broadly, consider rare and difficult cases and present the spectrum of potential therapeutic actions. The aim of the guidelines is a better recognition of SDB, a systematization of diagnosis and treatment at every stage of medical care, including the causes of this disorder and its complications.
Transnasal microscopic approach for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Gołąbek Wiesław , Szymańska Anna , Morshed Kamal
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign, vascular tumor originating in the nasopharynx. The treatment of choice for JNA is surgical excision. In recent years, surgical management has been greatly influenced by the use of the transnasal endoscopic technique. The aim: The aim of the study was to present our experience with the transnasal microscopic removal of JNA. Material and methods: Ten patients with JNA aged 12-17 underwent diagnostics imaging and transnasal microscopic tumor excision. Medical records of patients were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures were complications and recurrences. Preoperative embolization of feeding vessels was performed in 7 patients. Results: According to Andrews’ classification, the group included 2 stage I patients, 6 stage II patients and 2 stage IIIA patients with the extensive occupation of the infratemporal fossa. 9 patients had no recurrence in 6-11 years follow up. One stage IIIA patient had a recurrence posteriorly to the pterygopalatine process and it was completely removed. No complications during or after surgery occurred. Conclusion: Transnasal microscopic excision is an effective approach to resect stage I-IIIA JNA
Aristotle’s Anthropological Machine and Slavery
Authors: Christiaens Tim ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2018

Among the most controversial aspects of Aristotle’s philosophy is his endorsement of slavery. Natural slaves are excluded from political citizenship on ontological grounds and are thus constitutively unable to achieve the good life, identified with the collective cultivation of logos in the polis. Aristotle explicitly acknowledges their humanity, yet frequently emphasizes their proximity to animals. It is the latter that makes them purportedly unfit for the polis. I propose to use Agamben’s theory of the anthropological machine to make sense of this enigmatic exclusion and suggest a new conception of the good life and community detached from political rule. Aristotle’s distinction between humans and animals condemns slaves to bare life, but also reveals an opportunity for an inoperative form-of-life.
Bhandary on Liberal Care Provision
Authors: Narveson Jan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2018

According to Asha Bhandary, there is a liberal (Rawlsian) justification for including “the receipt of dependency care among the benefits of social cooperation” (“Liberal Dependency Care,” 43). The novelty is to claim that such care is among the Rawlsian circumstances of justice. I argue that liberalism does not support this extremely strong claim. Dependency care is indeed among the goods generated by social cooperation, broadly speaking—but so are virtually all goods, such as pizza provision, scarcely any of which are among the circumstances of justice. Most of us have ample inclination toward caring for dependents—but neither is this extended to everyone else’s dependents, nor is it mostly a legal duty, as indeed having children at all is not. Nor should it be on liberal principles. Neither of the two Rawlsian Principles support general dependency care. And, Bhandary’s “strong proceduralism,” calling for the training of all persons in care-giving skills, would edge up toward totalitarianism—hardly a welcome outcome of liberalism.
Dependency Care before Pizza
Authors: Bhandary Asha ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2018

This essay responds to Jan Narveson’s libertarian commentary on my earlier work “Liberal Dependency Care.” There, I argued that the underlying logic of the circumstances of justice warrants adding care to a liberal theory of justice. In this essay, I rebut Narveson’s skeptical claims about the liberal credentials of my justificatory argument by identifying the extent to which my view shares the same reasonable constraints on liberty as those defended by John Stuart Mill. I also suggest that a libertarian refusal to add care to the core functions of the state is plausible only if women’s labor remains invisible. Finally, I refute Narveson’s contention that my strong procedural principle of care provision is incipiently totalitarian. The case for public support to teach basic levels of attentiveness and responsiveness is analogous to the case for teaching the foundational skills of arithmetic, which are legitimately taught in primary and secondary schools.
Educação estética e (auto)formação: singularidades no tornar-se docente
Authors: Moraes Ana Cristina
Published: August 2018

O artigo reflete sobre formação estética com esteio na trajetória de uma docente do ensino superior. Numa perspectiva autobiográfica, discorre sobre experiências estéticas desde a infância até a atuação profissional numa universidade pública, no âmbito do ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O texto ampara-se em autores de referência, como Tardif (2007), Souza (2008), Josso (2007), Duarte Junior (2010), Martins (2011; 2014), Suassuna (2008; 1996), Freire (2006). Categorias como autobiografia, educação estética e formação docente são criticamente discutidas. Infere-se que uma formação docente de bases estéticas requer um rico e contínuo acesso a vivências estético-culturais, em especial artísticas, que envolvam possibilidades de apreciação, criação e análises de obras de artes. Conclui-se que cada docente, pela sua singular história de vida e acessos a formações e acervos culturais, cria um repertório e um modo peculiar de tornar-se docente, o que compõe um conjunto diversificado de docentes em atuação no campo da educação estética.
Mapeando
Authors: De Eça Teresa Torres
Published: August 2018

Este artigo é um relato autobiográfico. Apresenta mapas de encontros e desencontros que influenciaram a relação da autora com a arte e a educação. Tendo em conta a sua hibridez de artista, professora e investigadora, a autora relata o seu percurso pelas principais redes e organizações onde se integra: Associação de Professores de Expressão e Comunicação Visual -APECV, International Education Through Art- InSEA; Rede IberoAmericana de Educação Artística- RIAEA.
Práticas artísticas e práticas pedagógicas: praticar o quê, para quê?
Authors: Pimentel Lucia Gouvêa
Published: August 2018

As práticas artístico/pedagógicas têm mudado desde meados do século XX, passando de técnicas estanques, de uma aula e com fim em si mesmas, para projetos que envolvam tanto ações teórico-práticas, quanto ações prático-teóricas. A escolha de determinadas práticas – tanto artísticas quanto pedagógicas – tende a sair do tecnicismo para maior completude de conceitualização. Essa mudança tem a ver com a sistematização da Abordagem Triangular, com o trânsito da arte, que permeia tempo, espaço e lugar, e com o contexto social movediço que se apresenta. Refletir sobre essas condições faz parte do processo de ensinar/aprender Arte no contexto escolar.
Autobiografia Caminhos percorridos que me transformaram em uma Professora de Artes Visuais
Authors: Duarte Ana Luiza de Freitas
Published: August 2018

Esse relato tem como objetivo mostrar os caminhos percorridos por mim para tentar compreender como me tornei uma professora de Arte. Embora eu tenha me tornado uma professora de Artes Visuais e licenciada especificamente em Desenho e Plástica (modelagem), em minhas vivências pessoais não me faltaram as demais linguagens artísticas, ainda que de forma tímida ou apenas esboçada, como vocês verão em meu relato. Como pessoa, senti necessidade de experimentar diferentes formas de expressão, pois me despertavam para diferentes sentimentos que gostava, mas como profissional fiquei naquela linguagem onde senti que era a minha maior facilidade de expressão: as artes visuais. Meus tópicos são divididos em tempos vividos, e o tempo eu o dividi em função das Instituições por onde eu passei, porque cada uma delas deixou algo bem marcado e bem vivo em minha memória. Por isso a divisão é desigual e, aparentemente, sem critério, porém, foram os caminhos que a vida me proporcionou.
Reflexões entre pesquisa e experiência biográfica na formação de arte-educadores
Authors: Perotto Lilian Ucker
Published: August 2018

Neste artigo reflito sobre uma proposta pedagógica que venho desenvolvendo em uma disciplina do Curso de Licenciatura em Artes Visuais da FAV-UFG, que tem como foco conectar a experiência biográfica dos estudantes aos projetos de pesquisa que eles desenvolvem como conclusão de curso. Para este artigo narro, como nasce e se desenvolve, a proposta de vincular a experiência biográfica à formação destes estudantes, e como se torna, finalmente, um instrumento reflexivo das suas trajetórias no curso. A seguir, apresento as estratégias que são utilizadas durante a disciplina e, que, a partir da reflexividade crítica, permitem que estes estudantes se posicionem, tanto emocionalmente quanto criticamente, na construção de suas narrativas. Por fim, compartilho minha percepção sobre a experiência vivida na disciplina, lançando um olhar crítico e provisional sobre ela.
Epifitismo vascular em uma floresta de restinga do Brasil subtropical
Authors: Waechter Jorge Luiz
Published: August 2018

Um estudo fitossociológico de epífitos vasculares foi realizado em uma floresta de restinga do nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Um total de 60 árvores hospedeiras (forófitos) foi amostrado empregando o método dos quadrantes centrados, incluindo árvores com no mínimo 10cm de diâmetro à altura do peito. Os epífitos vasculares registrados pertencem a 8 famílias, 20 gêneros e 31 espécies, sendo as Orchidaceae e as Bromeliaceae as mais diversificadas. Diversas espécies adicionais foram registradas no estande florestal de aproximadamente um hectare. Valores de frequência dos epífitos vasculares formaram uma sequência gradualmente decrescente de espécies, sendo Microgramma vacciniifolia (Polypodiaceae) e Tillandsia aëranthos (Bromeliaceae) as mais importantes. O índice de diversidade de Shannon doi estimado (H'=2,990), usando a frequência sobre forófitos individuais como uma medida de participação quantitativa (pi). O número de epífitos vasculares sobre forófitos individuais variou de 4 a 16 espécies, apresentando uma distribuição polimodal e um valor modal mais alto de oito espécies.
Diferenciação anatômica da madeira de 4 espécies do gênero Caryocar
Authors: Nisgoski Silvana , Muñiz Graciela I. B. de , Klock Umberto
Published: August 2018

An identification key based on anatomic characters is furnished. The species structure was analyzed in relation to wood utilization, taxonomy and filogeny. The results show that Caryocar species are much similar, so its identification is difficult, but the pores diameter and parenchyma can be used for a separation. The graphics shows this variation.
Avaliação ambiental dos resíduos produzidos pelas empresas metalúrgicas localizadas no perímetro urbano da cidade de Ijuí
Authors: Bellinaso Maria De Lourdes , Soares Adriana Aparecida , Ferreira Francesca Werner , Boff Eva Teresinha , Hames Clarinês
Published: August 2018

The present work has as its main objective the assessment of the kind and quantity of waste produced by the metallurgic industries in the city of Ijuí. The roll of the 78 metallurgic plants was drawn from the ROLL OF CONTRIBUTORS/96 provided by the BUREAU OF COMERCE, INDUSTRY ANO TOURISM OF IJUÍ. In spite of this number, only 40 firms were assessed because the others were closed (14) or not found (24). The assessment was made through a questionnaire applied IN LOCO in a period comprised between June/96 to February/97. The numeric data about the amount of waste is a monthly average value estimated by the firms themselves. The waste produced in higher amounts are: metals, fusing sand, office paper and dining hall scraps. The total amount of waste produced makes 48.809 Kg/month, being 14.711 Kg/month are reciclated. The waste not recycled makes 34.098 Kg/month and is sent to junk yards, burnt or thrown in the municipal waste deposit 101. The fusing sand, wich is the waste produced in major amounts of size, isn't produced anymore. In this case the total amount of waste produced goes to 18.809 Kg/month, with a recycling percentage of 78%
Inventário das aranhas arborícolas de três regiões de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
Authors: Indrusiak Leocádia F. , Kotzian Carla B.
Published: August 2018

This study describes the results 01 seasonal collects 01 arboreal spiders during the years 01 1995 and 1996 in Perau Velho, Cidade dos Meninos and São Marcos, in the outskirts 01 Santa Maria city in Rio Grande do Sul state. They were captured 2381 specimens distributed in 20 families and 65 genera. It is also presented a preliminary list 01 species.
Des savoirs planifiés par les enseignants aux connaissances construites par les élèves en éducation physique
Authors: Lenzen Benoît , Reylé Jean
Published: August 2018

Cette recherche investigue le double mouvement dévolution/institutionnalisation dans une approche socio-sémio-constructiviste de l’enseignement des sports collectifs, et ses effets sur les comportements prometteurs des élèves. La méthodologie repose sur l’analysea priorides situations d’apprentissage étudiées ainsi que sur l’adaptation de la technique de la ligne de base multiple. Les résultats obtenus auprès de deux jeunes enseignants d’éducation physique sont contrastés. Ils renforcent les résultats de travaux antérieurs montrant que la formulation de règles d’action lors de débats d’idées ne se concrétise pas nécessairement immédiatement dans l’action motrice des élèves, tout en illustrant finement le rôle de l’enseignant et la médiation du milieu didactique dans la régulation des apprentissages moteurs des élèves.
Épistémologie pratique des enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive et enseignement des sports collectifs
Authors: Brau-Antony Stéphane , Grosstephan Vincent
Published: August 2018

Parmi les courants théoriques permettant d’avoir accès aux savoirs professionnels des enseignants, on peut citer l’approche développée par les recherches en didactique qui visent notamment à investiguer l’épistémologie pratique du professeur. Dans cet article, nous montrons comment il est possible de documenter cette épistémologie pratique à partir d’un dispositif de formation centré sur l’analyse de deux situations d’apprentissage en basket-ball proposées par deux des neuf enseignants participant à l’action de formation. Une analyse didactique du contenu des échanges et des débats qu’ils suscitent chez les participants met en évidence des épistémologies pratiques diverses fondées sur des conceptions divergentes de l’enseignement des sports collectifs.
Le triangle « Paul — Philémon — Onésime » du billet à Philémon
Authors: Gignac Alain
Published: August 2018

Le billet à Philémon est lu ici au carrefour de la socio-critique et de l’analyse discursive, afin de réfléchir sur l’identité qu’il propose à la lectrice, au lecteur. Dans le contexte sociologique rigide et violent du Ier siècle ou, mutatis mutandis, dans le contexte du xxie siècle, en ce qui a trait à l’esclavage ou au néolibéralisme, Philémon est un discours qui exprime et cherche à dépasser, tout à la fois, la dichotomie sociologique entre des rapports fraternels en Christ et des rapports hiérarchiques de sujétion entre personnes — une sorte de schizophrénie éthique qui n’est pas le seul apanage du début du christianisme. La structure sociale maître/esclave (Philémon et Onésime) ou patron/client (Paul et Philémon) ne coïncide pas avec la structure de la communauté fraternelle, qui valorise la petitesse et le service et entend pousser l’amitié jusqu’à l’amour fraternel, redéfinissant ainsi l’utilité véritable des personnes.
La conception de l’identité [al-hûwiyya] dans le fondamentalisme islamique sunnite contemporain
Authors: Salib Amany Fouad
Published: August 2018

L’arrivée au pouvoir des partis islamistes sunnites dans nombre de pays arabes, avec l’effervescence des révoltes de 2011, révèle une idéologie confessionnelle fondatrice de leur paradigme identitaire et inspirant leur approche des problématiques politiques. Cet article vise à explorer la conceptualisation de l’identité par le biais d’une analyse qualitative de contenu de la littérature des maîtres à penser du fondamentalisme islamique et à la lumière de l’expérience islamiste en Égypte. Nous mettons en lumière la généalogie épistémologique de nombre des constantes relatives à la conception de l’identité, notamment la Charia, en vue d’éclairer une des facettes des tensions ayant marqué le « projet d’État islamique ». Nous analysons le lien entre le dogme fondateur, le discours et l’exercice du pouvoir par l’entremise de la réforme constitutionnelle de 2012. À travers le fondamentalisme islamique, la matrice identitaire constitue-t-elle une « fonction instable » ou une « réalité substantielle » (Lévi-Strauss) ?
Random Forest as a generic framework for predictive modeling of spatial and spatio-temporal variables
Authors: Hengl Tomislav , Nussbaum Madlene , Wright Marvin N , Heuvelink Gerard B.M. , Gräler Benedikt
Published: August 2018

Random forest and similar Machine Learning techniques are already used to generate spatial predictions, but spatial location of points (geography) is often ignored in the modeling process. Spatial auto-correlation, especially if still existent in the cross-validation residuals, indicates that the predictions are maybe biased, and this is suboptimal. This paper presents a random forest for spatial predictions framework (RFsp) where buffer distances from observation points are used as explanatory variables, thus incorporating geographical proximity effects into the prediction process. The RFsp framework is illustrated with examples that use textbook datasets and apply spatial and spatio-temporal prediction to numeric, binary, categorical, multivariate and spatiotemporal variables. Performance of the RFsp framework is compared with the state-of-the-art kriging techniques using 5 – fold cross-validation with refitting. The results show that RFsp can obtain equally accurate and unbiased predictions as different versions of kriging. Advantages of using RFsp over kriging are that it needs no rigid statistical assumptions about the distribution and stationarity of the target variable, it is more flexible towards incorporating, combining and extending covariates of different types, and it possibly yields more informative maps characterizing the prediction error. RFsp appears to be especially attractive for building multivariate spatial prediction models that can be used as "knowledge engines" in various geoscience fields. Some disadvantages of RFsp are the exponentially growing computational intensity with increase of calibration data and covariates, sensitivity of predictions to input data quality and extrapolation problems. The key to the success of the RFsp framework might be the training data quality — especially quality of spatial sampling (to minimize extrapolation problems and any type of bias in data), and quality of model validation (to ensure that accuracy is not effected by overfitting). For many data sets, especially those with fewer number of points and covariates and close-to-linear relationships, model-based geostatistics can still lead to more accurate predictions than RFsp.