bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detección de enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) aisladas en carne de pollo de mercados de abasto de un distrito de Lima, Perú
Authors: Cortez-Sandoval Valeria , González Rosa , Ramos Daphne
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue detectar genes de resistencia a β-lactámicos de espectro extendido (BLEE) procedentes de enterobacterias aisladas en muestras de carne de pollo obtenidas en mercados de abasto del distrito de Santiago de Surco, Lima, Perú. Se obtuvieron 34 muestras para el procedimiento microbiológico. El aislamiento se realizó utilizando agar EMB y TSA. Para la caracterización bioquímica de género y especie se utilizó el kit EnteroPluri-Test® Liofilchem. El análisis de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se realizó con el método Kirby-Bauer como cribado y el método de Jarlier para la confirmación. Las enterobacterias confirmadas fueron evaluadas mediante diagnóstico molecular para genes de resistencia a β-lactámicos de espectro extendido. El PCR en punto final se utilizó para la amplificación de genes CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2 y CTX-M-9, y un PCR dúplex en punto final para la amplificación de genes TEM y SHV. Se identificaron 34 cepas de enterobacterias, siendo 20/34 sospechosas de producir enzimas BLEE bajo el método Kirby-Bauer, y 12/34 cepas confirmadas de producir BLEE bajo el método de Jarlier. Las enterobacterias fueron Salmonella choleraesuis (n=1), Escherichia coli (n=8), Serratia odorifera (n=1) y Klebsiella ozaenae (n=2). La identificación de cepas multidrogoresistentes (MDR) fue de 13/34, siendo E. coli (n=8), Klebsiella ozaenae (n=3), Serratia odorifera (n=1) y Salmonella choleraesuis (n=1). Todas (12/12) las cepas fenotípicamente resistentes para BLEE fueron positivas a la detección de genes BLEE. La mayor frecuencia correspondió al gen CTX-M-1 (12/12), seguido del gen TEM (10/12) y el gen CTX-M-9 (2/12). No se detectaron genes CTX-M-2 ni SHV. Se concluye que la carne de pollo vendida por mercados de abasto del distrito de Santiago de Surco contiene enterobacterias (BLEE) con al menos un gen de resistencia.
Frecuencia de lesiones del esqueleto apendicular en pacientes caninos atendidos en el área de radiología de la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, 2012-2016)
Authors: Rojas G. Saúl , Chipayo G. Ysaac , Diaz-Coahila Diego , Chilon-Cornejo Vicente
Published: July 2022

Se evaluó la frecuencia de las lesiones del esqueleto apendicular diagnosticado en caninos en el área de radiología de la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos durante el periodo 2012-2016. Se analizaron 2552 registros radiológicos realizados en el esqueleto apendicular. De estos, 43.3% (n=1106) presentaron lesiones traumatológicas, 23.2% (n=591) lesiones ortopédicas, 12.7% (n=323) lesiones degenerativas, 2.7% (n=69) lesiones compatibles con osteomielitis, 1.7% (n=42) lesiones compatibles con neoplasias, y 0.5% (n=13) lesiones compatibles con osteodistrofia hipertrófica. Entre las lesiones traumatológicas, las estructuras ósea con mayor frecuencia de fractura fueron la pelvis (35.1%; n=388) y el fémur (26.9%; n=298) y entre las lesiones ortopédicas fueron la luxación patelar (36.9%; n=218) y la displasia de cadera (36.6%; n=216). Las lesiones traumatológicas fueron más frecuentes en caninos juveniles (46.5%), y las lesiones ortopédicas en adultos maduros (42.2%). Los machos presentaron mayor frecuencia de lesiones traumatológicas (58.3%) y ortopédicas (61.2%) en comparación con las hembras; en cambio, las lesiones traumatológicas fueron más comunes en caninos mestizos (60.3%), y las ortopédicas en caninos de raza pura (70.0%).
Fertilidad en vacas Holstein (Bos taurus) inseminadas con semen sexado de toros Gyr (Bos indicus) en ganaderías lecheras de pequeña escala en la Irrigación Majes, Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Ramos Olger , Arana Carlos , Garcia Cristina , Delgado Alfredo
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la tasa de concepción al primer servicio y la tasa de natalidad, así como el porcentaje de terneros hembra nacidas usando semen sexado Gyr en vacas Holstein. Se realizó la inseminación artificial (IA) a 1174 vacas de segundo y tercer parto durante los meses de diciembre de 2011 a octubre de 2012 en ganaderías de pequeña escala de la Irrigación Majes, Arequipa, Perú. La IA llevó a cabo 12 horas después de la detección visual del celo y el diagnóstico de preñez se realizó mediante palpación rectal a los 45-60 días del servicio. La tasa de concepción en animales de 2do parto se encontró en un rango de 37 a 77 %, mientras que para los animales de 3er parto fue de 39 a 88%. La natalidad estuvo en el rango de 32 a 71% y de 38 a 85% para vacas de 2do y 3er parto, respectivamente, sin que se evidencie un efecto de estacionalidad sobre la tasa de concepción o de la natalidad. La tasa de concepción global fue de 56% y la de natalidad de 54%. El porcentaje de terneras obtenidas fue de 82% y de terneros de 18%. Se concluye que el número de partos y la estacionalidad no influyen sobre las tasas de concepción y de natalidad cuando se emplea semen sexado Gyr; asimismo, el uso de semen sexado Gyr en vacas Holstein sería una buena opción reproductiva.
Procedencia de canes ingresados al Perú durante el periodo 2009- 2018 y potencial riesgo de introducción de agentes zoonóticos exóticos
Authors: Levaggi Valeria , León Daphne , Falcón Néstor
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la procedencia de los canes ingresados al Perú durante el periodo 2009-2018 y evaluar el potencial riesgo de introducción de agentes zoonóticos exóticos. Se utilizaron los registros del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (SENASA) de ingreso de canes al Perú en el periodo indicado. Se obtuvo información completa de 40 860 canes. Los resultados muestran una tendencia creciente de ingresos anuales de canes al Perú, de 2273 en 2009 hasta 6382 en 2018, con mayores frecuencias en los meses de diciembre (16.2%), enero (9.4%) y julio (8.5%). Las procedencias de los canes fueron principalmente de Sudamérica (44.3%), Norteamérica (29.4%) y Europa (17.4%), específicamente de Estados Unidos (27.5%), Chile (13.4%), Argentina (11.4%) y España (8.8%). La principal puerta de ingreso fueron el Aeropuerto Internacional de Lima (46.5%) y la Oficina Puesto Control Aero Portuario del aeropuerto para perros que ingresaron como carga (45.6%). El estudio ofrece información de enfermedades zoonóticas exóticas para el Perú, pero exóticas y endémicas con reservorio en canes en los países de origen de los canes internados al Perú.
Banda de celofán para corrección de derivación portosistémica en un canino: Reporte de caso
Authors: Laverde Néstor , Pérez César A. , Casas Laura D. , Cortés Natalia A. , Chávez Luis E.
Published: July 2022

Se presenta el caso de un canino de 8 meses de edad, raza Shih-Tzú remitido al hospital veterinario ASMEVET de la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia, con diagnóstico presuntivo de derivación portosistémica. El propietario reportó que el paciente deambula por la noche, ha presentado vómitos y convulsiones, y apoya la cabeza contra las paredes. Al examen clínico se encuentra deshidratación, taquicardia, taquipnea, sialorrea, desorientación y dolor abdominal. Se realiza ultrasonografía Doppler donde se encuentra la comunicación entre la vena porta y la vena cava caudal. Se realiza laparotomía exploratoria visualizando la comunicación anómala entras las dos venas. Se procedió con la intervención quirúrgica y se instaló una banda de celofán rodeando al vaso anómalo. Después de 60 días de la cirugía se tomaron muestras de sangre para medición de amonio y ácidos biliares pre y postprandial arrojando como resultado valores dentro de los rangos normales en sangre.
Determinación de bacterias y hongos en semen fresco de alpaca obtenido por tres técnicas de colección
Authors: Pacheco Curie Joel I. , Angulo-Tisoc José M. , Siuce Juan , García Vera Wilber
Published: July 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la microbiota presente en semen de alpaca. Se colectaron 15 muestras de semen mediante las técnicas de vagina artificial, electroeyaculación y pos-cópula (cinco por técnica). Además, se hicieron hisopados prepuciales (n=5) y vaginales (n=5). Se hicieron cultivos microbiológicos para determinar los géneros bacterianos y fúngicos y una valoración de la carga bacteriana mediante la determinación de la cantidad de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/ml). Se identificaron seis géneros bacterianos en vagina y siete en prepucio, además de una especie de hongo (Aspergillus fumigatus). Bacterias de los géneros Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus y Bacillus fueron los más abundantes y presentes en semen obtenidos por tres técnicas. coincidiendo con los encontrados en los hisopados prepuciales y vaginales. La cantidad de UFC/ml fue similar para las tres técnicas, mientras que no hubo presencia de hongos en el semen obtenido por electroeyaculación, probablemente por el lavado prepucial previo. La presencia y cantidad de géneros bacterianos y fúngicos fue superior a lo reportado en otras especies animales.
Experiencias de intervención de la medicina veterinaria en el desarrollo de Municipios Saludables en Latinoamérica y el Caribe
Authors: Estela-Galarza María , Falcón Néstor
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las áreas de participación de los médicos veterinarios, enmarcadas dentro de su formación y competencias profesionales en el desarrollo de Municipios Saludables. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para la recolección de actividades ejecutadas en los Municipios Saludables y estrategias de promoción de salud articuladas a estos a nivel de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. El estudio encuentra que el médico veterinario posee las competencias profesionales necesarias para intervenir y liderar en las diversas actividades dentro de las áreas de seguridad alimentaria – producción animal, salud pública, salud animal y salud ambiental – conservación de la biodiversidad en el marco de desarrollo de la estrategia de Municipios Saludables. Dichas competencias también pueden ser desarrolladas mediante las estrategias articuladas a los Municipios Saludables siguientes: Barrios Saludables, Escuelas Saludables, Espacios Saludables, Fronteras Saludables / Cantones Fronterizos, Hospitales Verdes y Saludables, Mercados Saludables, Municipios Productivos, Parques Saludables, Universidades Saludables y Viviendas Saludables. Se concluye que el médico veterinario posee competencias profesionales capaces de desarrollar múltiples funciones dentro de los programas de Municipios Saludables y estrategias articuladas a estos, por lo tanto su participación es necesaria.
SERIES RESONANT INVERTERS WITH MODULAR STRUCTURE FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY INDUCTION HEATING
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Hutsaliuk V.Ya.
Published: July 2022

Research results of induction heating transistor high - frequency series resonant inverters with modular structure on the base of parallel – series connection are presented in the paper. Pulse density modulation is used to regulate the output current of the inverter. It is shown that the use of the out-of-phase inverter modules control allows reducing the amplitude pulsation of the output current amplitude, which is especially important under low quality of the output resonant circuit and a wide range of load parameters. A mathematical model of the series resonant voltage inverter with a modular structure is presented; it allows the calculation of output current under different parameters of pulse density modulation. References 7, tables 2, figures 5.
APPLICATION OF THE COMBINED SCHEME OF SINGLE-PHASE INCLUSION OF THE INDUCTION MOTOR AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shurub Yu.V. , Tsitsyurskiy Yu.L. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony str., 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
Published: July 2022

The peculiarities of the modes of operation of the hydraulic drive of translational motion with throttle speed control, in which the asynchronous motor with single-phase power supply is used as the primary actuator. A combined circuit of such an actuator with a phase-shifting capacitor is proposed, which allows to increase its energy efficiency in the forward and reverse modes of the hydraulic rod when changing the degree of opening of the hydraulic control valve by switching power circuits and using voltage regulation. References 10, figures 6, table 1.
DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE POWER LOSSES COMPONENTS IN LONG-DISTANCE AC POWER TRANSMISSION
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Katsadze T.L. , Chizhevskyi V.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Buslova N.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Cherkashina V.V. ,   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", st. Kirpicheva, 2, Kharkov, 61002, Ukraine
Published: July 2022

The components of active power losses in long-distance AC power transmission are investigated. It is shown that in the modes of low and medium loads the main share of losses are corona losses. The imperfection of the current method of determining the corona power losses, which are climatic in nature, determines the method of separating these losses from the total after calculating the load power losses. A four-component formula for determining the load losses of active power is obtained. It is shown that to clarify the calculation model it is necessary to take into account the actual temperature of the wire, taking into account changes in weather conditions along the route of the line. The results of calculation of components of active power losses in the 750 kV overhead transmission line "Zakhidnoukrainska-Vinnytska" during the day of September 13, 2021 are given. References 9, figures 4, tables 3.
OPTIMIZATION OF BALANCING IN A BRIDGE MEASURING CIRCUIT WITH A DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTOMETRIC SENSOR
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Melnyk V.G. , Borshchov P.I. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Vasylenko O.D. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Brahynets I.O. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to solving the problem of the occurrence of an additive error in determining local changes in the electrical conductivity of electrolyte solutions under conditions of changes in the background electrical conductivity of the measurement medium, which often occurs in biosensor and other systems with a differential pair of conductometric transducers, if their electrical parameters are not identical. The goal is to provide a deep suppression of the influence of background changes with significant differences in both reactance and active resistance in the transducers of a pair of sensor. The essence of the issue, the causes and mechanism of this type of error, as well as the methods and means of its reduction, developed earlier, are briefly considered. A diagram and description of the structure of a differential conductometric channel of a biosensor system based on an AC bridge, an algorithm for its balancing operations by controlling the module and phase of the test voltage, as well as a vector diagram of currents and voltages in the bridge circuit during this process. The balancing of the bridge has been was modeled analytically, bringing it to a quasi-equilibrium state, in which changes in the background electrical conductivity do not change its output signal. Additional operations for balancing the bridge are determined to achieve such a state with significant differences in both capacitances and active resistances in the impedances of a pair of conductometric transducers of a differential sensor. The results of experimental studies of the suppression of the influence of changes in the background electrical conductivity of a solution in a differential conductometric channel with using its computer model and experimental sample of a conductometric instrument with an electrical equivalent of a differential sensor are presented. A comparison of the results obtained and the corresponding data for balancing bridge circuits by previously developed methods is given. References 16, figures 3, tables 3.
A Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Study on the Pairing Correlations of the Isotopes of Cobalt
Authors: THOMAS NICEMON , A V Anjana , Joseph Antony
Published: July 2022

Background: The phenomena of nucleon pairing could be outlined from the Bethe-Weizäcker semi-empirical formula, from which the nuclear properties, viz. the binding energy, stability, shape etc. could be clearly sketched. Though the pairing correlation seems to be a small correction to the binding energy term, it plays a determinative role in defining the structure of nuclear systems. The addition to the binding energy in turn affects the position of the isotope on the dripline and hence increases the stability.

Purpose: To study the effects of pairing on the ground state properties of the isotopes of Cobalt.

Methods: We use Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory for the study. The general wave functions for the HFB approach are determined from variational principle. The eigen functions for the Hamiltonian are connected with the particle operators through the Bogoliubov transformations. The Hartree-Fock energy is obtained through the minimization of the variational parameter and the HFB equation is solved by iterative diagonalization by restoring the particle number symmetry.

Results: The HFB analysis substantiates the effect of pairing correlation on binding energies, neutron and proton pairing energies, neutron and proton pairing gaps and one- and two-neutron separation energies of the Cobalt isotopes. The binding energies and one and two-neutron separation energies match with the experimental values and for pairing energies and pairing gaps, the regions where pairing is significant and the effects of shell closure at the vicinity of magic configuration of neutrons could be recognized.

Conclusion: The Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations of the effects of pairing could be used as an efficient tool to study the nuclear structure. It can be ascertained that pairing plays an important role in determining the ground state properties of atomic nuclei.
Library Sites that Provide Information to Users (Based on Domestic and Foreign Library Experience)
Authors: Ісмайлов Надір , Халафова Севда
Published: July 2022

The main purpose of the research is to examine the interaction of electronic library sites as an elements of the information resource management system based on local and foreign experience. It consists of defining the location of electronic sites of libraries and information centers as an element of information resource management, interpreting information resources as a system, analyzing their logistics capabilities. 

In the digital environment, place  of library sites is in the management of information resources. The article examines the characteristics of electronic sites, which form the main interface structure of library systems. Predicated on the experience of specific libraries, the requirements for the use of the electronic resource database are highlighted. Information resources published on domestic and foreign electronic library sites used by academic users and general reader groups were analyzed and their relevant search capabilities were explicated. The article also examines the interaction of the Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy-ADA Library and The US Library of Congress website with the electronic library and electronic catalog interface as an example of domestic and foreign electronic library experience.
Yelizavetpol Province in the System of Territorial Administration of the Russian Empire in the South Caucasus (Nineteenth Century)
Authors: Мусаєва Шафа Хасафат кизи
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the place and role of Yelizavetpol province in the administrative-territorial changes carried out by the tsarist regime in the region after the Russian occupation of the South Caucasus.

Currently, very complex geopolitical processes are taking place in the South Caucasus region. The main reasons for the processes taking place in this region, which is one of the most conflict zones in the world, are directly related to the situation in the region in the XIX century, after the conquest of the South Caucasus by the Russian Empire. From this point of view, it is important to study the administrative and political changes carried out by the tsarism in the South Caucasus at that time. The historical roots of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which lasted for 30 years and eventually resulted in the restoration of Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, go back to the colonial policy pursued by tsarism in the region at that time. The historical Karabakh region of Azerbaijan was administratively part of the Yelizavetpol (Ganja) province. In this regard, the changes that have taken place in the province have had a significant impact on the future of the region as a whole.

After the occupation of the South Caucasus in the early 19th century, tsarism carried out a series of changes in the territorial structure and administrative management of the region in order to take over the region and incorporate it into a single Russian administrative-territorial and economic system. In order to strengthen administrative-police control in the South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, the tsarist government implemented several reforms in the 60s and 70s of the 12th century, among which administrative-territorial reforms played an important role. The decree of December 9, 1867 "On changing the governance of the Caucasus and Transcaucasian region", approved by Alexander I, formed the legal basis for these reforms. By this decree, a new province was established in the administrative system of the South Caucasus − Yelizavetpol province.
Вища освіта в умовах пандемії COVID-19: виклики та загрози
Authors: Попович Василь , Стадник Альона , Ванюшина Олена
Published: July 2022

Актуальність. Пандемією коронавірусу COVID-19 зумовила перехід вищої освіти України на дистанційну форму навчання. Вимушений карантин на території України, та зокрема у сфері вищої освіти став не тільки викликом, а й певним досвідом як для викладачів, так і для студентів. ЗВО не маючи діючих механізмів проведення дистанційних занять та відповідних платформ, де можлива взаємодія викладача та студента. Дистанційне навчання являє собою впровадження у навчальний процес сучасних засобів комунікацій (наприклад, Google Сlassroom, Moodle, Zoom, вайбер, телеграм, інстаграм та інше). Мета – виявити виклики та загрози, з якими зіткнулася вища освіта України під час пандемії. За результатами SWOT-аналізу показати слабкі та сильні сторони, можливості та загрози технології дистанційної освіти. Результати. За результатами SWOT-аналізу показати слабкі та сильні сторони, можливості та загрози технології дистанційної освіти. Було використано вторинний аналіз емпіричних даних. Завдяки проаналізованому дослідженню ми виявили сильні та слабкі сторони, можливості та загрози технологій дистанційної форми навчання через SWOT-аналіз. Використання дистанційних технологій в процесі навчання має наступні плюси: навчання у вільний час, відсутність географічних кордонів, економічна ефективність та інше. Серед мінусів, можна зазначити наступне: відсутність живого спілкування між студентом та викладачем, відсутність мотивації, погане технічне обладнання ЗВО та інше. Висновки. Пандемія коронавірусу COVID-19 зумовила не тільки загрози вищій освіті України, а й дала нові виклики для росту: 1) для студентів – навчання самодисципліни та самоосвіти; 2) для викладачів – оволодіти новітніми технологіями та методами викладання дисциплін; 3) для державних інституцій – визначення чіткої стратегії впровадження та розвитку дистанційної освіти. Водночас проблеми щодо залучення в українські ЗВО електронних освітніх ресурсів як засобів дистанційного навчання залишаються, і вимагають більш глибокого дослідження.
Легітимаційний потенціал сучасної політичної маніпуляції
Authors: Мошак Дар’я
Published: July 2022

Метою дослідження є встановлення значення політичної маніпуляції як чинника легітимації сучасної політичної влади. Дослідження ґрунтується на застосуванні вихідних положень системного і структурно-функціонального методологічних підходів. Розкрито значення демократичних умов політичної конкуренції для обрання певного стилю іміджевої поведінки, який виходить від владної команди та спрямований на підтримку стабільної моделі існування суспільства.  Виокремлено  політико-технологічні засоби реалізації легітимаційних стратегій в контексті формування несуперечливого іміджу влади.  Встановлено структуру загальної стабільності конституційного устрою у певній державі, яка може свідчити про стабільність технологій публічного управління та поведінки політичних акторів.  Розкрито значення технологічної парадигми нормативно-правових змін у демократичному суспільстві та ймовірність опору опозиції. Виявлено макропараметри політичного розвитку, які визначають масштаби політичного маніпулювання, спрямованого на підвищення рівня легітимності політичного порядку та владної групи. Виявлено ознаки маніпуляцій щодо тематики соціальної спрямованості політики влади, які є найбільш ефективними та затребуваними в умовах економічних криз. Доведено, що в умовах втрати значення класичними політичними ідеологіями актуальним є  засвоювання в рамках маніпулятивних стратегії максимального простору ідеологічних смислів. З’ясовано, що кожен новий владний режим в умовах політичних трансформацій формує ситуацію нового старту демократичних реформ (приклади –  трансформації в Україні в 2014 та 2019 роках). Аргументовано необхідність забезпечення закритості та непублічності підготовки політико-маніпулятивної кампанії. Визначено необхідність  трансляції позитивних повідомлень з боку альтернативних «поза владних» джерел. Зроблено висновок, що політична маніпуляція виступає сукупністю політико-комунікаційних та політико-організаційних дій, які забезпечують зміну поведінки електоральних та соціальних груп, а також індивідів, які мають прагнення до політичної само презентації.
Problematyka samorządu w wybranych konstytucjach państw europejskich w okresie międzywojennym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska, Radomski Grzegorz
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to analyse the constitutional provisions of the interwar period relating to self-government and, in particular, local self-government. I assumed that self-government, by gaining the status of a value regulated by the basic law, was becoming a necessary and at the same time inalienable element of power. The inclusion of the institution in the constitution may have reflected a recognition of its importance in state building. The constitutions of the newly created states and, to a lesser extent, the basic laws created before 1914 were examined. The inspiration of the basic laws has also been shown. A comparison was made between Polish regulations and solutions adopted in constitutions of other countries. It was important to answer the question whether the traditions of self-governance influenced the adopted regulations. Both institutional and legal analysis and comparative studies were used to achieve the objective. The main thesis of the article is that the role of self-government in the state as well as the presence of provisions relating to self-government was in line with the path of political transformation. Democratisation has tended to foster the inclusion of local government in the axiological system set out in the constitution, whereas in authoritarian states the role of local government has been limited. The presented thesis should be accompanied by one reservation. Constitutional regulations have been of a varied nature, and it is not always the case that fewer provisions on self-government have depreciated the significance of this institution in the state.
Wytyczanie granic okręgów wyborczych w wyborach do Izby Reprezentantów USA
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Polska, Turek Maciej
Published: July 2022

Every 10 years, the United States conducts population census. Beyond serving various socio-economic needs, gathered data also has consequnces for the political system – the states’ population determines the number of state seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. To ensure fair representation, consisent with ‘one person, one vote’ rule, the states modify the boundaries of congressional districts after each census. The article discusses federal and state rules that bodies responsible for redistricting – mainly state legislatures and special commissions – need to consider, emphasizing the nature and scope of legal changes, introduced between 2011 and 2020. The Author claims that defederalization of the redistricting regulations and Supreme Court opinion that issues related to gerrymandering constitute political questions, thus being beyond the scope of federal judiciary are two most important redistricting-related rules developments in the analyzed decade.
Polityka informacyjna samorządu wojewódzkiego w Polsce w świetle prawa obywateli do informacji publicznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kuca Paweł , Polak Rafał ,   Karpacka Państwowa Uczelnia w Krośnie, Polska
Published: July 2022

The information policy is one of the elements that significantly affect the image and reception of the activities carried out by local government units. Effective activities in this area allow for effective communication with the local community, and are also a part of the practical implementation of citizens' right to information. According to the research, voivodship self-governments in Poland use various information policy tools in their activities. These are both tools, the operation of which is required by law (Public Information Bulletin), own media of voivodship self-governments, as well as the activities implemented under the "media relations" policy.
Prawnoustrojowa instytucjonalizacja opozycji politycznej – analiza porównawcza
Authors: Matuszek Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article was to analyze the condition of legal (direct) institutionalization of political opposition in contemporary states, as well as to specify and organize solutions that are used in this process. The elaboration hypothesized that current condition of knowledge on this subject is out of date, and legal institutionalization, including its constitutionalization, becomes more and more common phenomenon. To solve the research problem and verify the hypothesis, the content analysis and comparative methods are used during research. The source base were normative acts, monographs and collective studies as well as scientific articles. The result of the analysis showed that the direct institutionalization of the political opposition is more and more frequent phenomenon, concerning also states with rich democratic traditions.
Overview of the mediventors challenge
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Sivarasu Sudesh , Teifel Harry
Published: July 2022

With the SA outbreak of COVID in 2020 it was decided that the country needed to develop skills for medical device innovation –while using COVID as backdrop to learn about satisfying real-world medical industrialisation demands. Various parties including the National Ventilator Project (NVP), MerSETA and others initiated the challenge. A tender process was instituted for applicants to be selected.Various parties got together under the lead of UCT, namely UKZN, WITS, CPUT and NTIP, and successfully applied for grant funding in terms of Challenge. Collectively, the consortium is called as “MediVentors”.MerSETA is the Manufacturing, Engineering and Related Services Sector Training Authority. MerSETA is both funding and overseeing the challenge. MerSETA is funded by levies collected from people being employed in various industries. This means that levies collected from the current generation of employees is deployed to fund the next generation of medical device engineers and innovators.The goal of this challenge was to:-Build competencies related to the conversion of innovations from post-school learning institutions to manufacturing and engineering companies;.-Establish relationships between universities –and between universities and industry, to facilitate future industrialisation of innovation and employment; and-Encourage Higher Education Institutions towards the supply of skills equipped for a new collaborative manufacturing-and 4th Industrial Revolution paradigm.
Establishing eco-systems in support of medical devices industrialisation
Authors: Teifel Harry
Published: July 2022

Africa is set to become the most populous continent in the decades to come. In contrast to this –and with minor exceptions –only a small fraction of the Medical Devices deployed here are sourcedfrom Africa. This anomaly is not sustainable in the mediumterm and begs severalquestions:i.How does one create an eco-system that is conducive to localisationin South Africa and other African countries? ii.What are thespecific challenges that often lead to the non-conversion of ideas to viable products –and how can wasteful industrialisationbe avoided?iii.Looking into the future, what is the nature of Systems Thinking solutions required to support optimal collaborative industrialisationin a 4thIndustrial Revolution (4IR) environment?The purpose of this write-up is to offer a high-level glimpse into these three issues with a view to defining the requirements for sustainable and future-orientated Medical Devices industrialisationin Africa.
Medical monitoring wearable technology
Authors:   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Stopforth Riaan
Published: July 2022

Amedicalwearabletechnologywasdesignedwithalltheelectronicdevicesneededforthesmartwatchto perform medical monitoring functions such as body temperature sensing and heart ratesensing. The medical smartwatch requires an enclosure for the electronic devices and a mechanismthatwouldbewornonahumanwrist.Themedicalsmartwatchwasdesignedtohaveelectronicdevicessuch as an electrocardiography (ECG) sensor, impulse and oximeter sensor, light emitting diode(LED) light, a battery, Bluetooth module, humidity and temperature sensors, flame sensor, vibrator,electromyography(EMG)sensor,Infrared(IR)LEDsensor,transistor,andaArduinoboardandmanymore. The focus was designing an enclosure that will interface between these electronic devices andthe user. This paper shows the design that was considered for the enclosure, and the effect a casing has on the temperature and ECG sensors.
Design and development of a tracking system for autoinjectors using Bluetooth low energy with autonomous emergency alert
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Maqungu Qhamani , Sivarasu Sudesh ,   University of Cape Town
Published: July 2022

Anaphylaxis has propelled the use of adrenaline autoinjectors (AAI) globally. This is to ensure patients administer themselves whenever they experience an allergic reaction, anywhere, to reduce the severe consequences that would result if medical services far located far. Common issues identified with AAI: They are forgotten, not simple to use, and often misplaced. This paper proposes a connected mobile system with an e-cap for AAI using wireless communication protocol, Bluetooth. The hardware in this paper comprises of an Arduino nano BLE module, LED, and magnetic buzzer. Several algorithms for tracking were used and quadratic line of best-fit, produced better distance approximation. The accuracy of the system was affected by electromagnetic interferences. Further development is required to improve the robustness of the system using other wireless technologies and algorithms.
Development and validation of a medical device software to size autoinjector components
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Magubane Ntokozo , Sivarasu Sudesh ,   University of Cape Town, Ngoepe Malebogo ,   University of Cape Town
Published: July 2022

Auto-injectors are medical devices used to inject medication into the intramuscular or subcutaneous layer of the body. They can be used for different disease applications such as anaphylaxis, rheumatoid arthritis, episodic migraines, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and many others. This study focuses on developing a software application to size autoinjector components for different disease applications. The kinematic properties of an autoinjector are analysed and explained using a mathematical model that focuses on the plunger motion during the injection process. The mathematical model is validated by a physical experiment that uses a high-speed camera to capture the motion of the plunger during the injection process. The plunger displacement increases linearly during the injection process while the plunger velocity increases linearly and then reaches a constant velocity for the remainder of the injection process. The software application is developed using the validated mathematical model and optimising the relevant equations to determine the component dimensions of an auto injector.
Development of an integrated covid-19 tracking and monitoring system
Authors:   Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Masirika Kashangabuye Jordan
Published: July 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several policies were instituted to help mitigate the spread of the virus and contact traceability as the virus is spread through person-to-person and person-to-surface contact. One of these was a mandatory completion of a COVID-19 compliance form that captured the details of users of a premises before being granted access. This project proposes an integrated COVID-19 monitoring and tracking system that ensures that the filing process of the compliance forms is fully automated, thus eliminating person-to-person and person-to-surface contact. The automated system will use machine learning algorithms for facial recognition and Natural Language Processing developed in Python to interact with the client through voice prompts.
Design and development of an open-source ADL compliant prosthetic arm for trans-radial amputees
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Timm Lara , Etuket Maureen ,   University of Cape Town, Sivarasu Sudesh ,   University of Cape Town
Published: July 2022

Presently, open-source prosthesis is not optimised to assist the dominant hand in performing bimanual ADL. This research study was thus geared towards the design and experimental validation of an open-source below-elbow prosthetic arm, called the ADL arm, that is functionally optimised for the performance of ADL in the unilateral trans-radial (TR) amputee population. The ADL arm is 3D printed; the design validation involved functional assessment - using the AHAP and simulated use assessment with healthy volunteer participants after obtaining Ethics approval. In accordance with AHAP, the ADL arm presented with an overall GAS of 68% and a partial GAS of >75 % for 4/5 ADL grasps. Usability Assessment involved the performance of ADL tasks coupled with the completion of the SUS. The perceived usability of the device was found to increase with increased device familiarity, yielding an overall score of 84.29. Through the tests conducted, the ADL arm was found to be functionally competent, relatively acceptable with proven ability to assist in the performance of ADLs in a simulated-use environment. A number of design modifications and clinical tests are however recommended to overcome the limitations of the current design and corroborate the results obtained in this study.
The use of hollow fibre membrane dialysers in a liquid-liquid configuration for respiratory support
Authors:   University of Witwatersrand, Minnie Izak , Gibson Stewart ,   University of the Witwatersrand, Stacey Neil ,   University of the Witwatersrand
Published: July 2022

Conventional extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilises a gas-to-liquid transfer regime to oxygenate blood from a stream of oxygen gas. This work serves as an exploratory study of the liquid-to-liquid transfer of dissolved gases, which may prove advantageous for general applications of ECMO as it allows for higher partial pressures of oxygen as well as the use of isotonic solutions as a means of improving patient haemostability. This concept is of particular interest to an ongoing project which has investigated the use of repurposed hollow fibre membrane dialysers as a means of providing emergency respiratory support using existing equipment. The liquid-liquid regime mass transfer properties of the hollow fibre membrane dialysers were investigated by determining the mass transfer coefficients of carbon dioxide and salt through the membrane as well as the sieving coefficient and leakage rate. Three cartridge types (high flux Braun, low flux Braun and Leoceed 21N) were investigated using a liquid-liquid configuration with carbonated or saline water used as a blood substitute in contact with distilled water. The high flux cartridge demonstrated a high leakage rate making it unsuitable for the proposed use. The two low flux cartridges demonstrated adequate carbon dioxide removal of 75.8% and 64.4% of the recommended 200ml/min for the Braun and Leoceed cartridges, respectively. All three cartridges displayed sieving coefficients close to one, indicating a high rate of salt transfer and subsequent need for solute balance in the final application. The results of this work showed a higher mass transfer coefficient for the liquid-liquid transfer regime compared to prior studies using a gas-liquid transfer regime. This result suggests that a liquid-liquid configuration is not just useful for emergency respiratory support but could outperform existing ECMO techniques. Further study into the use of liquid-liquid HFMD for respiratory support, using blood and conditions more representative of the final intended use, is warranted.
Feasibility of repurposing hollow fibre membrane dialysers for oxygenating blood in resource constrained environments
Authors:   University of Witwatersrand, Francis Alexander , Joffe Doron ,   University of the Witwatersrand, Xu Lan ,   University of the Witwatersrand, Stacey Neil ,   University of the Witwatersrand, Rubin David ,   University of the Witwatersrand
Published: July 2022

Previous research has demonstrated the viability of kidney dialysers repurposed as extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation devices to provide sufficient supplemental oxygen support for those suffering from COVID-19. This study focused on determining the mass transfer coefficient for carbon dioxide in kidney dialyser cartridges at varying pH levels. CO2 mass transfer coefficients of 5.5 and 6.95 𝑚𝑔/𝑘𝑝𝑎∙𝑚𝑖𝑛 were achieved, depending on the type of hollow fibre membrane dialyser — this corresponds to a CO2 removal rate of between of 80% and 90% of the total CO2 produced by the body. The mass transfer coefficients achieved with water as the medium suggest that sufficient CO2 removal for respiratory requirements can be achieved with hollow fibre membrane dialysers. This should motivate further experimentation with blood to determine the feasibility of using the cost-effective hollow fibre membrane dialysers to supplement conventional extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation technologies in resource-constrained hospital wards. It is also found that hollow fibre membrane dialysers have high sieving coefficients for dissolved ions, which indicates that dissolved solids and plasma ions will leak from the cartridge and supplements will need to be given to patients to account for these losses. The sieving coefficient for the kidney dialyser cartridge was calculated to be an average of 0.983. The results in this study are promising, adding additional parameters to the body of knowledge for devising operational protocols. However, more specific experimentation using blood is warranted.
Hospital oxygen tank valve defrosting system
Authors:   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pillay Jasveer , Singh Aliya ,   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Virasamy Kerina ,   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Govender Pragesh ,   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Stopforth Riaan ,   University of KwaZulu-Natal
Published: July 2022

This research aimed to develop a liquid oxygen tank valve defrosting system that could be used in hospitals to enable a steady supply of oxygen even during cold weather or periods of high oxygen demand. The system was intended to be used as a viable alternative to the hosing systems currently used in many South African hospitals by being partially autonomous and environmentally friendly in its design and operation. Based off conducted research and interviews from hospital personnel, focus was placed on developing a defrosting system that used flowing water to melt ice. The development of the defrosting system was successful, and the system was able to conduct the independent tests reliably. Although the conducted testing did not involve using the defrosting system on a real liquid oxygen gas tank’s frozen valve, various analyses were conducted with respect to flow rate performance, effects of water loss and the degradation of performance due to cold temperatures. Based off practical testing on ice, it was concluded that the system should be able to perform similarly if used on the liquid oxygen tank valves of hospitals and that the defrosting system should theoretically prove effective even under high oxygen demand or cold weather. The developed defrosting system should be an effective solution to the stated predicament of frozen oxygen tank valves in hospitals and is theoretically a viable alternative to the hosing system currently used by many South African hospitals.
Development of a peep (catpul) valve for ventilators a computational approach
Authors:   Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Okwuosa Uchenna Ogemdi , Philander Oscar ,   Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Published: July 2022

A major manifestation of the Covid-19 virus is acute respiratory syndrome. This brought about the massive need for respiratory support devices. The pandemic caused shortages of these critical devices, such as PEEP valves, which every ventilator must have to make supporting Covid-19 patients possible. PEEP valves are used to create a positive exhalation end pressure to prevent the patient’s lungs from collapsing. This paper presents the developed a CATPUL PEEP valve designed to meet the South African and African continent markets. The CAD model of an AmbuPEEP valve and the CATPUL was designed with SolidWorks and CFD analysis was performed using Simscale software to characterise and compare the results of the two valves. The result of Ambu valve at 2mm valve opening was 1931 Pa pressure and29.74 m/s maximum flow velocity. The CATPUL recorded a maximum pressure of 1937 Pa and 29.77 m/s maximum velocity at the same valve opening. This shows that the designed valve outperformed the one on the market in terms of flow across the valve based on the computational analysis.