bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Final Fricatives*-s and *-h in Proto t’in Lexicon
Authors: L-Thongkum Theraphan
Published: May 2019

Final /-s/ does not exist in Modern T’in; however, *-S in Proto-T'in can be reconstructed. The distinction between *-s and *-h in Proto-T’in phonology is suggested by two types of final correspondences, i.e., *-s has become /-yh/ in Mai but /-t/ in Pray, and *-h has been kept as /-h/ in both Mai and Pray. This fact was pointed out by Filbeck in 1978; however, no Proto-T’in forms were reconstructed by him.
Reimagining Eden: Homoerotic Relationships in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry
Authors: Pragatwutisarn Chutima
Published: May 2019

The homoerotic relationship is one of the major themes in Emily Dickinson’s poetry. Critics have constantly looked for evidence of homoeroticism in the poet’s life and work. In this essay, I argue that feminist psychoanalysis, particularly theories of the mother-daughter relationship, is useful to an understanding of the homoerotic in Dickinson’s poems. In her rereading of psychoanalytical theories, Nancy Chodorow emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between the mother and daughter and the daughter’s marginal position within the symbolic order. Chodorow’s theoretical framework has been applied to the analysis of female writers, including Dickinson, who write from the position of the daughter. In “The Parable of the Cave,” Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar narrate the myth told by Mary Shelley about her search for a literary foremother, the Sibyl, from whom Shelley derived her creative power. Dickinson’s poetry, similar to the parable told by Shelley, depicts a speaker who is alienated from the patriarchal world of law and order and is looking for the lost mother world usually personified by nature. For Dickinson, the recovery of Eden or the female utopia is significant not only for her female self-affirmation but also in her assertion as a female author.
Modernist Thai Short Stories, 1964–1973: The Relationship with Art
Authors: Tailanga Soranat
Published: May 2019

A number of distinguished Thai short stories from 1964 to 1973 reveal new and distinctive features in terms of subject, form, concepts and style. These features are similar to those of modernism, which was an international movement in literature and the arts that began in the late 19th century and continued into the early 20th century. The similarity suggests the direct and indirect influences of the modernist style upon Thai writers. Furthermore, the change in style of some of the short stories indicates a relationship with the art movements: impressionism, expressionism, cubism and surrealism, which were subsidiary art movements within modernism. These specific features of the Thai short story signify a radical break with the traditional writing of the time.
The Author in Edward Said’s Orientalism: The Question of Agency
Authors: Chittiphalangsri Phrae
Published: May 2019

Edward W. Said’s Orientalism has long been celebrated for its ground-breaking analysis of the encounters between Western Orientalists and the Orient as a form of ‘othering’ representation. The success, undeniably, owes much to the use of Foucauldian discourse as a core methodology in Said’s theorisation of Orientalism which allows Said to refer to the massive corpus of Orientalist writings as a form of Orientalist discourse and a representation of the East. However, the roles of Orientalist authors tend to be reduced to mere textual labels in a greater Orientalist discourse, in spite of the fact that Said attempts to give more attention to the Orientalists’ biographical backgrounds. In this article, I argue that there is a need to review the question of agency that comes with Foucauldian discourse. By probing Said’s methodology, I investigate the problems raised by concepts such as “strategic formation,” “strategic location,” and the writers’ imprint. Borrowing Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology, I critique Said’s notion of ‘author’ by applying the question of objectivity/subjectivity raised by Bourdieu’s concepts such as “habitus” and “strategy,” and assess the possibility of shifting the emphasis on “texts” suggested by the use of Foucauldian discourse, to “actions” which are the main unit of study in Bourdieu’s sociology.
Searching for Female Identity in Okamoto Kanoko’s Boshijyojyō
Authors: Krisdathanont Duantem
Published: May 2019

According to feminist critics, the “Images of Women” in literature created by most female writers lack “authenticity” and “real experience.” Susan Koppelman Cornillon, for example, states in “Images of Women in Fiction” (1972) that both male and female authors come in for harsh criticism for their creation of unreal female characters , and female writers are accused of being worse in this respect since they are betraying their own sex (Moi 2002: 42). However, Okamoto Kanoko2 was a feminist writer who shared her real experiences and provided a role model for a positive female identity in the form of main characters who are independent of men. In this study, I analyze , Boshijyojyō 『母子叙情』 (‘The Relationship between Mother and Son’)by Okamoto Kanoko(1937) to find out how her portrayal of the main character incorporates her own experiences describing the melancholy of a mother longing for her son. I also examine the question of whether “authenticity” and a “positive sense of female identity” truly exist in her work or not.
Sacred Power Transmission and the Network of Phu Thai Folk Healers in Tambon Nonyang, Nongsung District, Mukdahan Province
Authors: Chinnabutr Surachai
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to study the ways the sacred power of “Moh Yao,” Phu Thai folk healers, are transmitted and to study the network formation between the Yao healers and their followers through ritual in Tambon Nonyang, Nongsung District, Mukdahan Province, Thailand.
Symbolism in the Chaomae Song Nang Ritual
Authors: Udomsilp Panupong , Sujachaya Sukanya
Published: May 2019

This paper studies the symbolism of the objects and behaviors in the “Chaomae Song Nang” ritual held in Mueang District, Mukdahan Province, so as to elucidate the meaning of the symbols in relation to the legend of the Chaomae Song Nang as the ancestors of the Mukdahan people.
Ban Pa La-U Sgaw Karen Tones: An Analysis Of Semitones, Quadratic Trendlines and Coefficients
Authors: Jitwiriyanont Sujinat
Published: May 2019

Each dialect of the Sgaw Karen language has a different tonal system. Despite the different number of tones, all of the previous studies agree on the fact that all tones of Sgaw Karen are level tones. However, according to my phonological analysis of the tonal system of Ban Pa La-u Sgaw Karen, this dialect has a contour tone. The tonal system comprises four tones, i.e. /low/, /mid/, /high/ and /falling/ occurring in nonchecked syllables. The high and low tones also have allotones in checked syllables. To confirm my analysis of the tonal system and the new finding of a contour tone in this Sgaw Karen dialect, an acoustic analysis of the tones occurring in citation forms was attempted. The analysis included three parts: (1) semitones to illustrate the pitch shape and height; (2) quadratic trendlines to indicate the direction and degree of pitch change; and (3) coefficients to show the generalization of each tone and the discrimination among tones.
Tabi-Tabi Po: Situating The Narrative of Supernatural in the Context of the Philippines Community Development
Authors: Vicerra Paolo Miguel , Javier Jem R.
Published: May 2019

Folklore, such as the narratives of the supernatural, functions as a vehicle for elements of culture such as belief systems, ideologies and shared memories. This study explores the changes undergone by Philippine narratives of the supernatural vis-à-vis the urban development of the community where they thrive. It is demonstrated that the characters of the narratives of the supernatural are perceived to be of equal or even higher stature than those of members of the rural communities. With the locality experience changes brought about by urbanisation, this folklore is inevitably modified to suit the people’s environment and sensibilities, by reappropriating new functions and roles in the community. A different impression is observed in the context of the urban community; but, the collective sense of respect evoked by the urban dwellers has endured. This is the form which the latent belief system among Filipinos has taken, one that forges their common identity.
“Bangkok” in Contemporary Thai Literature: Globalization, Tourism, and Comsumerism
Authors: Chotiudompant Suradech
Published: May 2019

The paper aims to investigate how Bangkok is represented in contemporary Thai literature, including those works by such authors of renown as Chamlong Fangcholachit, Prabda Yoon, and Paritas Hutangkul. Through the perspectives of these contemporary authors, Bangkok has been used as a poignant setting to showcase the problems and conditions of urbanism in Thailand. The paper aims to focus on three main issues of representation, which are not completely separated but closely intertwined: (1) Bangkok as a hub of globalization, where cultural forces, especially those from the West, clash with local knowledge and wisdom; (2) Bangkok as a major tourist destination, where the tourist’s imagination of Bangkok and Thailand as an exotic place jars with the realities they actually face upon their arrival; and (3) Bangkok as a city of capitalism and consumerism, where urban people define themselves through their conspicuous consumption. Contemporary Thai literature, especially those works in the last two decades, make manifest the complexity of these three issues as well as how these issues affect urban dwellers in their everyday life.
The Chinese Hokkien People and the Orchard Development in Bang Kho Laem in the Past
Authors: Bualek Punnee
Published: May 2019

In this article the writer attempts to provide the answers to two questions. These are: 1) Why did the Chinese Hokkien people come to practice orchard gardening in Bang Kho Laem? 2) How were these Chinese Hokkien people able to create these praiseworthy orchards? The researcher surveyed the total number of orchards belonging to the Chinese Hokkien people in this area and conducted in-depth interviews with five households of Chinese Hokkien orchard gardeners.
Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Protosouthwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai
Authors: Pittayaporn Pittayawat
Published: May 2019

The current ethno-linguistic landscape of mainland Southeast Asia is a result of the spread of Tai speakers from southern China. This study examines Chinese loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai, the hypothetical ancestor of all modern Southwestern Tai varieties and proposes a dating of the spread of Southwestern Tai languages. By comparing the reconstructed Proto-Southwestern Tai forms with corresponding Chinese forms, four layers of Chinese loanwords existed in Proto- Southwestern Tai, namely Pre-Later Han, Later Han Chinese, Early Middle Chinese, and Late Middle Chinese layers. These layers indicate that Proto-Southwestern Tai was in contact with Chinese at least until the Tang era. In collaboration with non-linguistic evidence, this paper therefore proposes that Southwestern Tai languages began to spread southward sometime during the eighth and the tenth centuries CE.
Segment Timing in Twelve Southeast Asian Languages
Authors: Sawanakunanon Yanin
Published: May 2019

In several studies the duration of segments (i.e. consonants and vowels) is measured to classify languages according to their speech rhythm. This research investigates whether Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a new method of analyzing segment-timing parameters for language classification, can be used to classify twelve Southeast Asian languages according to their timing patterns. The twelve Southeast Asian languages examined are Malay, Cebuano, Standard Thai, Southern Thai, Tai Yuan, Vietnamese, Hmong, Mien, Burmese, Sgaw Karen, Mon and Khmer.
David Copperfield and the Bildungsroman: Their Contribution to Charles Dickens’s Reputation
Authors: Lunlaporn Sakchai
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to analyze the ways in which Charles Dickens employed the literary genre of the Bildungsroman to depict his protagonist’s life. David Copperfield successfully enhanced Dickens’s reputation and provided a new perspective for readers of Bildungs novels. There are several features such as illustrations, a first-person narrative, heroism and his association with other characters that make this different from other novels in this genre and these literary devices center upon his search for a true identity and his career. These features enliven Dickens’s novel and contributed to its favourable reception of this novel and they also indicate Dickens’s ability to blend forms and cultivate his reputation in this novel.
First Person Pronouns in Thai Political Language
Authors: Nusartlert Anongnard
Published: May 2019

This research aimed to investigate the frequency of the use of first personal pronouns in Thai political language, and to analyze the semantic components of the usage of first personal pronouns by politicians. The data were collected from speeches, media programs, interviews, official statements, policy statements and the declaration of the dissolution of parliament. The results indicated that Thai politicians typically use seven first personal pronouns: phǒm ‘I (male singular excluding listeners)’ krɑ̀phǒm ‘I (male singular excluding listeners showing formality)’ ph.ɑk phǒm ‘we (plural excluding listeners)’ dìchɑ̌ n ‘I (female singular excluding listeners)’ rɑw1 ‘we (plural including listeners)’ rɑw2 ‘we (female excluding listeners showing informality)’ and ph.ɑk rɑw ‘we (plural including listeners)’. The meanings of these first personal pronouns depend on factors including gender, number, including listeners, and the level of formality. Moreover, the results also found that phǒm ‘I (male singular excluding listeners)’ and rɑw1 ‘we (plural including listeners)’ are the highest frequency pronouns used by politicians. The data concerning the frequency of use and the meaning of first personal pronouns were subjected to a componential analysis. The research found that personal pronouns reflect significant social roles, and that political language is the language of solidarity.
Syntactic Ambiguity in Legal, Political, Media, and Academic Registers of Thai: Patterns and Avoidance
Authors: Chaicharoen Nattawut
Published: May 2019

This study is an investigation of syntactic ambiguity in Thai . Based on approximately 80 pages of Thai texts from four registers, namely legal register, political register, media register, and academic register, the study aims to analyze syntactic patterns that induce ambiguity, and to find out which patterns create the most ambiguities and in which registers. Also, devices to avoid such ambiguities are proposed.
Buddhism in Italy in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Euron Paolo
Published: May 2019

First reports on Buddhism arrived in Italy in the sixteenth century through Italian Catholic missionaries. Later several scholars developed a philological and philosophical understanding of it. The attitude toward Buddhism changed from an anthropological interest to a philological study. In the academic field of philology the Theravāda tradition and the Siamese edition of Tripitaka had great importance. The spread of Buddhism in Italy in the nineteenth century also increasingly influenced Italian culture and ideas. Outside of academic debate Buddhism became a subject of apologetics and philosophy as well as a topic of general interest. This essay is based on books and printed material published in Italy before the twentieth century. It contains the complete bibliography of Italian studies on Buddhism in the nineteenth century. Some texts cited in this essay are unpublished or rare documents from Italian archives.
Reinventing the ‘Native Other’ in Early Hollywood: The Moroccan Woman between Native Resistance and Orientalist Episteme in Robert Florey’s Outpost in Morocco (1949)
Authors: Oudadene Hassane
Published: May 2019

The link between the American cinema and Morocco was established during the early twentieth century when North Africa became a central concern of both Europe and America. Western travel writers drew on generic conventions centered on wonder and the fantastic to fashion stories about the ‘other side’ of the world in which the West was positioned as morally and culturally superior to the East. The shift from textual to visual narratives did little to dismantle the imperialistic and Orientalist politics of cultural representation. The period between 1930 and 1956 witnessed considerable visual production on Morocco, which constituted not only a fertile haven but also a little story of Hollywood’s Orient. This paper explores and examines the dynamic negotiation and the interchangeable interplay of gender, colonialist enterprise and Orientalist ideology in one of Hollywood’s early films: Robert Florey’s Outpost in Morocco (1949). Relevant scenes from this movie display how Morocco and Moroccan subjects were subjected to a distinctively American characterization. The paper proposes to analyze, deconstruct and illustrate some of Hollywood’s poetics and strategies in the cultural (mis)representation of Moroccan women. Although a number of stereotypical clichés have been developed from within America’s biggest imagemaking machine, the screen still offers valid ground for the (re)construction and retrieval of a native agency and genuine scope for native resistance. The study offers, in practical terms, a few ‘signs of spectacular resistance,’ whereby the camera is reversed to position the Moroccan woman in sequences of privilege and power.
The Use of the Thai Final Particle Na by Japanese Learners of Thai
Authors: Maklai Sumintra , Ratitamkul Theeraporn , Sirikanerat Thanasak
Published: May 2019

This research aims to analyze communicative functions of the Thai final particle na and to explore the use of na by Japanese learners of Thai, comparing to that of native speakers. The study consisted of two parts. The first part involved an analysis of na using data from the Thai National Corpus (TNC). The findings showed that na had three main communicative functions. It was used to soften the tone of an utterance, to emphasize an utterance, and to mark a topic of an utterance. The second part of this research concerned conversational data in a pair discussion task of 10 Japanese learners of Thai and 10 native Thai speakers. The results showed that, when different functions and contexts were considered, the use of the Thai final particle na by the Japanese learners was similar to that of the native Thai speakers. That is, both groups used na most frequently to emphasize an utterance and least often to mark a topic of an utterance. This could result from a positive transfer from the learners’ first language. However, it was found that the Japanese learners showed significantly fewer instances of na as a topic marker than the native Thai speakers. It is possible that its marked position and low frequency in the learners’ linguistic input as suggested by the corpus data made na in this function difficult to acquire. This research also pointed to the importance of proficiency in a second language as a factor affecting learners’ use of final particles in conversation.
Towards the Practice of Feminist Translation in Thailand
Authors: Rattanakantadilok Gritiya
Published: May 2019

The practice of feminist translation as a specific approach to rendering a text in translation from English into Thai has been under-researched. This paper aims to introduce feminist translation practices developed by Canadian theorists and translators, and suggests the extent to which this approach can be applied to the practice of ideologically-motivated translation in Thailand. Feminist translation is an approach to a translation method that attacks, deconstructs or bypasses inherently misogynist language. Fidelity and equivalence in translation are not a matter of utmost importance to feminist translators. Rather, they tend to make their presence felt in the texts through various methods of textual intervention. This notion of intervention in translation is central to feminist translation practices which allow the translators of feminist works to draw the target readers’ attention to linguistic transfer, translator visibility and feminist causes.
Syntactic Word-Compounding in Tai Khrang
Authors: Wongwattana Unchalee
Published: May 2019

In this article, we claim that most word compounds in Tai Khrang are relatively transparent in the way that they can display both grammatical and semantic roles/relations in a complex and sophisticated manner, rather than arbitrary grammatical/semantic associations. Also, the term idiosyncratic or transparent is best accounted for in continuum. In this essay, we investigate the structures, grammatical relations and semantic roles/relations of word compounds in Tai Khrang with data collected from two Tai Khrang villages, Ban Nong Moet, Kamphaeng Phet, and Ban Sa Yai Chi, Phichit, in the lower northern part of Thailand. Another type of corpus is one composed of naturally occurring texts such as narratives. The results show that syntactic word compounding in Tai Khrang is complex and sophisticated, performed in three categories i.e. synthetic, verb-verb and noun-noun compounds. The synthetic strategy involves the imitation of simple clauses, non-simple clauses, nominalization, and phrases. The verbverb strategy is observed in certain serial verb constructions. The noun-noun strategy displays three semantic aspects, gradually differing from more to less transparent, which reveal various patterns of semantic relations.
Conditionality, Non-Self, and Non-Attachment in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide: A Buddhist Reading
Authors: Pradittatsanee Darin
Published: May 2019

This article approaches Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide from the perspective of Buddhist philosophy. It argues that the Buddhist notions of impermanence (anicca), non-self (anattā) and conditionality (iddappaccayatā) are evident in the novel’s portrayal of the physical reality of the Sundarbans. These principles are also at work in the novel’s representation of the social realm of ideologies, identities and human interactions. As Western environmentalism, to which the female protagonist is attached, is subject to the law of conditionality, the novel critiques the blind attempt to impose the Western ideology of wilderness preservation upon marginalized locals in India and highlights other forms of environmental ideologies. The novel also depicts the interaction between those from the metropolitan center with locals which transcends the postcolonial framework of power struggles and which is instead based on a shared sense of humanity, emphasizing specific conditions that give rise to the interactions. Moreover, the article discusses how the Sundarbans and various factors in the protagonists’ lives and interactions with the locals play a crucial role in prompting them to realize the slipperiness of what they perceive as their identities. Finally, the narrative in the novel itself orchestrates the workings of the law of conditionality and impermanence, trying to inculcate an attitude of non-attachment. As an embodiment of the afore-mentioned Buddhist concepts, The Hungry Tide serves as an expedient means to disrupt one’s tendency to cling to certain views or perceptions of reality and to offer an alternative approach to human interactions which entails open-minded tolerance of difference.
Conceptual Blending Analysis of Diangu (典故 Classic Allusions) As Metaphor in A Dream of Red Mansions
Authors: Jianghua Han
Published: May 2019

This paper studies the use of Diangu (典故) in Chinese poetry. Diangu (典故) refers to ancient events or stories quoted in poems and words with literary origins (Modern Chinese Dictionary 2012: 290). However, the Western allusion refers to an implicit reference, perhaps to another work of literature or art or to a person or an event; it is often a kind of appeal for a reader to share some experience with the writer; an allusion may enrich the work by association (q.v.) and give it depth (Cuddon 2013: 25). Thus, the concepts of "Diangu (典故)" and "allusion" do not correspond exactly, because the semantic range of the two words are not the same. In order to show the difference, we use the term “Classic Allusion” to refer the Chinese word "Diangu (典故)". From the cognitive linguistic perspective, Diangu (典故) in Chinese poetry is a category of metaphor (Ji Guangmao 1998 & Bai Minjun 2004 & Zhong Lingli 2009 & Li Pengfei 2010 & Zhang Guowei 2011). Its essence is to use the stories or events that have taken place in history to metaphorize events or people in the present. There are similarities or correlations between these historical events or stories and the events or people in present which form crossdomain projections, and form poetic metaphors based on conceptual blending mechanism, expressing the corresponding metaphorical meaning and emotions. The Diangu (典故) involve both the past (historical events or stories) and present (the present events or people). The “historical events or stories” and the “present events or people” have certain similarities or correlations; both of the mental spaces of the past and present share a same organizational framework. Accordingly, the conceptual blending network of Diangu (典故) belongs to mirror networks. Furthermore, using conceptual blending theory to analyze the internal structure of Diangu (典故) can make readers understand the nature of “Diangu (典故)” more clearly.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Amphisphaeria acericola sp. nov. from Italy
Authors: SENANAYAKE INDUNIL C. , LIAN TONG-TONG , MAI XIAO-MIN , CAMPORESI ERIO , ZENG YU-JIA , TIAN SHENG-LI , XIE NING
Published: May 2019

We collected an amphisphaeria-like species from dead branches of Acer campestre L. from Italy and pure cultures were obtained. LSU and ITS sequence data showed that, this Amphisphaeria species is distinct from other Amphisphaeria species. Hence we introduce this as a new species, Amphisphaeria acericola with the description and illustration. Morphological comparison of related Amphisphaeria species is also provided.
Vertical Modes and Effective Stability of Quasi-2-Day Waves
Authors: Sumi Yukari , Masunaga Hirohiko
Published: May 2019

A quasi-2-day wave is known as a convectively coupled westward inertia–gravity (WIG) wave with a shallower equivalent depth (or slower phase speed) than the dry counterpart. This study investigates the relationship between the phase speed of quasi-2-day waves and effective static stability in terms of a vertical mode perspective. By using WIG filters with different equivalent depths, different phases of the 2-day wave are identified by filtering brightness temperature data obtained from geostationary satellites. The composite time series and the vertical modes in the tropical atmosphere are calculated from reanalysis data. The large-scale dynamical fields of the composite WIG waves are explained by the superposition of the first four baroclinic modes. Phase speed of the moist vertical mode is computed by applying the Radon transform to the mode transform coefficient. Different vertical modes share a common phase speed, which is slower than its dry counterpart, implying that the wave is not dispersive. To address the question of what slows the vertical modes, the effective static stability is evaluated by defining the degree of cancellation between diabatic heating and adiabatic cooling due to the ascent. This cancellation is confirmed to be almost complete for the first baroclinic mode as expected theoretically. The effective static stability is found to be higher for a higher vertical mode, but this change over different vertical modes is not as rapid as predicted from nondispersiveness. Possible reasons for this disagreement are discussed herein.
Effect of Evaporating Sea Spray on Heat Fluxes in a Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Rastigejev Yevgenii , Suslov Sergey A.
Published: May 2019

A detailed analysis of the evaporating ocean spray effect on the vertical latent and sensible heat fluxes in a marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) for different droplet sizes, vertical distributions of air temperature, humidity, and turbulent intensity is presented. For our analysis we have employed a two-temperature nonequilibrium MABL model developed in our previous work. The obtained analytical and numerical solutions show that the latent and total heat fluxes are significantly enhanced by large droplets because these droplets produce steep vertical gradients of moisture and air temperature in a MABL. Small droplets, however, do not noticeably change the total heat flux but rather redistribute the energy between its sensible and latent components. It has been shown that evaporating spray affects the turbulent kinetic energy (thus the intensity of the vertical turbulent transport) mostly mechanically by altering the vertical distribution of the mass density of the air–spray mixture rather than thermodynamically by changing vertical profiles of the air temperature and moisture. Furthermore, we have found that the vertical profiles of heat fluxes are approximately self-similar for a wide range of defining parameters, that is, can be approximately scaled to a reference heat profile for a wide range of vertical distributions of the temperature, humidity, and turbulence intensity. The obtained analytical expressions for the vertical heat fluxes affected by the spray presence enable their quick and efficient calculations. This will allow for the future construction of a computationally efficient spray and accurate parameterization to be used in global weather prediction models.
Trajectories of antipsychotic use before and during pregnancy and associated maternal and birth characteristics
Authors: Schaffer Andrea L , Zoega Helga , Tran Duong T , Buckley Nicholas A , Pearson Sallie , Havard Alys
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To identify distinct trajectories of antipsychotic use prior to and during pregnancy and describe the associated maternal and birth characteristics.

Methods:

We conducted a population-based cohort study of births (2005–2012) using linked administrative data in New South Wales, Australia. We used group-based trajectory modelling to classify trajectories of antipsychotic use in the 450 days prior to pregnancy and during pregnancy. We characterised women with different trajectories according to maternal sociodemographic characteristics, mental health diagnoses and hospitalisations, use of psychotropic medicines and birth outcomes.

Results:

Of 137,993 women who gave birth, 2741 (2.0%) were exposed to antipsychotics prior to or during pregnancy. We identified six trajectories of antipsychotic use: two involved short-term use of low daily doses prior to pregnancy (51.1%), while three involved long-term use of low (20.9%), moderate (11.0%) and high (2.0%) daily doses throughout pregnancy. One trajectory (15.0%) involved increasing use during pregnancy. Women with long-term use were more likely to have a schizophrenia or bipolar disorder diagnosis, to have used multiple psychotropics and to have a mental health hospitalisation during pregnancy. Overall, women using antipsychotics had elevated rates of adverse birth outcomes compared to unexposed women. Women with the greatest antipsychotic exposure had the highest rates of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension.

Conclusion:

Women using antipsychotics around pregnancy are heterogeneous, with varying patterns of use and associated birth outcomes, reflecting underlying differences in the indications for treatment and/or severity of illness. This diversity should be considered when developing clinical guidelines and designing safety studies.
Intercapitalist Maneuvers and the ICD-10 Transition: The Instrumental Role of the State in the Corporate Governance of U.S. Health Care
Authors: Bugbee Mary
Published: May 2019

In 2015, the United States transitioned to the ICD-10-CM/PCS, a comprehensive updated coding system for medical reimbursement. This transition was part of a larger move toward value-based reimbursement in U.S. health care and required nearly 2 decades of planning. As an unfunded mandate from Congress, it created a substantial financial burden for many groups within the health sector. This article traces the ICD-10 transition using the concept of the corporate governance of health care, attending to the role the state plays in mediating intercapitalist maneuvers. The ICD-10 was not a simple top-down declaration originating in a neutral state. Rather, it was produced and modified through lobbying efforts on the part of various stakeholders who, along with their competitors, would be affected by the transition in differential ways. The health information technology industry, in particular, stood to gain the most from this transition, at the expense of other capitalist players. An examination of the intercapitalist maneuevers behind the ICD-10 transition demonstrates that even when corporate powers govern U.S. health care, the role of the state should not be written off as inconsequential but rather interrogated and analyzed in relation to the corporate interests with which it is entangled.
Locating international education as a site to debate and re-imagine democracy in Canada
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Johnstone Marjorie
Published: May 2019

Equity is inherent to democracy and the stated mission of the social work profession. We contend that neoliberal values re-define democracy, as if market-driven ideology, practices, and modes of governance are the essence of democracy, and this further precludes us from re-imagining democracy-to-come. To illustrate how democracy is undergoing a metamorphosis, we use the international education policies in Canada as a case study. Informed by Deleuze and Guattari’s work on the construct of the rhizome, we illustrate how complex rhizomatic systems in the global market have been endlessly devised while legitimizing neoliberal products as the ‘real’/democracy in international education.
Verstehen Naturalized
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: May 2019

Verstehen, understanding another human being through some form of empathy, is a natural process with the involvement, probably in a complex way, of the brain. There is a temptation to describe Verstehen in a way that mystifies it, or to collapse it into more general considerations about mind reading. The social science tradition, however, points in a different direction. Both Max Weber and Georg Simmel, and later Edith Stein, commenting as a phenomenologist on the same issues in the human sciences, provide accounts which lend themselves more directly to naturalization. Their issues involve navigating the social world through such things as typifications, heuristics, and the recognition of patterns in social situations. It is suggested that these recognitions, studied by Lawrence W. Barsalou, provide a naturalized form of understanding sufficient for the explanatory purposes of social science.
Difficulties With Emotion Regulation in the Contemporary U.S. Armed Forces: Structural Contributors and Potential Solutions
Authors: Stanley Elizabeth A. , Larsen Kelsey L.
Published: May 2019

The ability to regulate negative emotions is especially necessary for service members in the contemporary U.S. armed forces, since they routinely face situations that elicit negative emotions while executing their professional roles. Yet difficulties with regulating emotions, which are associated with stress and mood disorders, suicidality, and impairments in work performance, remain prevalent across this group. This article surveys research in five domains—recruitment and selection effects, military cultural pressures and coping strategies, training, common chronic stressors, and the contemporary operational environment—to highlight structural contributors to the heavy stress loads that U.S. service members often bear, which may contribute to their difficulty with emotion regulation (ER). It concludes with several recommendations that the military could implement to mitigate service members’ stress loads and facilitate ER. Enhancing their ER skills may offer a long-term strategy to improve their resilience and performance.
Early Postoperative Oral Exercise Improves Swallowing Function Among Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hsiang Ching-Chi , Chen Andy Wei-Ge , Chen Chih-Hua , Chen Mu-Kuan
Published: May 2019

Dysphagia remains an unsolved problem for patients with oral cavity cancer who have undergone surgery. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of oral exercise in addition to standard general care and diet counseling on the physiology of swallowing. Fifty patients (25 in each group) with oral and oropharyngeal cancer who underwent tumor resection, neck dissection, and reconstruction were enrolled in this study. The Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale and modified barium swallow study were administered at 1 and 4 month(s) postoperatively. We observed significant improvements in the intervention group regarding the penetration-aspiration scale ( P = .037), and oral and pharyngeal residue with thickened boluses (Nectar P < .001, Honey P < .001, and Pudding P < .001). In conclusion, oral exercise significantly improves the postoperative swallowing function of patients with oral cavity cancers.
Fertility Intentions and Their Realization in Couples: How the Division of Household Chores Matters
Authors: Riederer Bernhard , Buber-Ennser Isabella , Brzozowska Zuzanna
Published: May 2019

Most research on Europe indicates that a gender-balanced division of family work tends to increase childbearing probabilities, but empirical results vary substantially. The present article proposes explanations for this observed discrepancy. It develops prior research further by (1) studying short-term fertility intentions and their realization within the subsequent 4 years, (2) analyzing the role of the spouses’ satisfaction with the division for the effects that the division may have on childbearing, (3) proving a mediation by relationship satisfaction, and (4) considering gender as well as parity as moderators. Using data from two waves of the Generations and Gender Survey, we show that the division of work affects childbearing intentions. We find that the effect (a) depends on the spouses’ satisfaction with the division, (b) is partly moderated by relationship satisfaction, and (c) varies by parity. The division of household labor, however, seems of less importance for the realization of childbearing intentions.
Coupled recursive estimation for online interactive perception of articulated objects
Authors: Martín-Martín Roberto , Brock Oliver
Published: May 2019

We present online multi-modal perception systems for extracting kinematic and dynamic models of articulated objects from physical interactions with the environment. The systems rely on a RGB-D stream, contact wrenches, and proprioception. The proposed systems share an algorithmic foundation: they are based on an architecture of coupled recursive estimation processes. We present and advocate this architecture as a general, versatile, and robust solution for online interactive perception problems. We validate the architecture in extensive experiments to extract kinematic models interactively, varying the appearance, size, structure, and dynamic properties of objects for different tasks and under different environmental conditions. In addition, we experimentally show that the information acquired by the online perception systems enables robot manipulation of articulated objects. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between the proposed architecture for robot perception and insights about biological perception systems.
Examining Developmental Patterns of Prison Misconduct: An Integrated Model Approach
Authors: Cihan Abdullah , Sorensen Jon R.
Published: May 2019

Recent prison scholarship has employed an integrated model of the developmental/life-course perspectives and importation model to examine prison misconduct. Using longitudinal data from a large sample of inmates incarcerated in a U.S. prison system, this study attempts to validate and expand recent prison research by systematically examining the relationship among inmate characteristics and misconduct trajectories, particularly for the higher/chronic pattern of misconduct relative to other identified clusters. The results show that smaller groups of inmates have persistent criminal careers and continually engaged in high level of misconduct. In addition, several inmate characteristics associated with prison misconduct can also be useful to distinguishing high-risk inmates/persistent offenders from groups that offend at low rates over time. These findings could provide vital information to prison officials in developing and designing alternative prison services, assistance, and rehabilitation programs based on the misconduct trajectories.
Associations between non-anaemic iron deficiency and outcomes following surgery for colorectal cancer: An exploratory study of outcomes relevant to prospective observational studies
Authors: Miles Lachlan F , Sandhu Ravinder NS , Grobler Anneke C , Heritier Stephane , Burgess Adele , Burbury Kate L , Story David A
Published: May 2019

Iron deficiency is common in colorectal cancer. Despite perioperative guidelines advocating for the correction of non-anaemic iron deficiency prior to major surgery, the impact of this pathology on postoperative outcome is unclear.

We conducted a single-centre, historical cohort study of 141 elective resections for colorectal cancer. We stratified non-anaemic patients into iron deficient and iron replete groups, and collected data on baseline characteristics, preoperative laboratory results, intraoperative events and postoperative outcomes. As this study was an exploratory work for future research, a P-value of 0.25 was considered relevant. Patients in the deficient group demonstrated lower baseline ferritin (median (interquartile range, IQR) 76 (41–141) µg/L versus 207 (140–334) µg/L, P < 0.001) and transferrin saturation (mean (standard deviation, SD) 18% (8%) versus 32% (12%), P < 0.001) than those in the replete group, and lower starting haemoglobin (mean (SD) 138 (10) g/L versus 144 (12) g/L, P = 0.01). The deficient group had increased re-admission (25% (24%) versus 4% (11%), P = 0.15) and all-cause infection (25% (24%) versus 5% (14%), P = 0.24). A decrease of two days in days alive and out of hospital at postoperative day 90 was seen in the deficient group on univariate analysis (median (IQR) 81 (75–84) versus 83 (78–84), P = 0.25). This reduced to 1.24 days in multivariate adjusted quantile regression analysis ( P = 0.22). Days alive and out of hospital at day 90, postoperative re-admission and postoperative infection may be meaningful outcome measures for future prospective observational work examining non-anaemic iron deficiency in patients undergoing major surgery for colorectal cancer.
Fusing Multiple Sources of Data to Understand Ride-Hailing Use
Authors: Dias Felipe F. , Lavieri Patrícia S. , Kim Taehooie , Bhat Chandra R. , Pendyala Ram M.
Published: May 2019

The rise of ride-hailing services has presented a number of challenges and opportunities in the urban mobility sphere. On the one hand, they allow travelers to summon and pay for a ride through their smartphones while tracking the vehicle’s location. This helps provide mobility for many who are traditionally transportation disadvantaged and not well served by public transit. Given the convenience and pricing of these mobility-on-demand services, their tremendous growth in the past few years is not at all surprising. However, this growth comes with the risk of increased vehicular travel and reduced public transit use, increased congestion, and shifts in mobility patterns which are difficult to predict. Unfortunately, data about ride-hailing service usage are hard to find; service providers typically do not share data and traditional survey data sets include too few trips for these new modes to develop significant behavioral models. As a result, transport planners have been unable to adequately account for these services in their models and forecasting processes. In an effort to better understand the use of these services, this study employs a data fusion process to gain deeper insights about the characteristics of ride-hailing trips and their users. Trip data made publicly available by RideAustin is fused with census and parcel data to infer trip purpose, origin/destination information, and user demographics. The fused data is then used to estimate a model of frequency of ride-hailing trips by multiple purposes.
Factors Contributing to Deer–Vehicle Crashes on Rural Two-Lane Roadways in Michigan
Authors: Stapleton Steven York , Ingle Anthony , Gates Timothy J.
Published: May 2019

Deer–vehicle crashes (DVCs) continue to be a problem in the United States, with 1.2 million such crashes occurring annually. DVCs are a particular issue on two-lane rural highways in Michigan, accounting for more than 60% of crashes. Such a high proportion of DVCs limits the transferability of existing safety models, including those found in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), that are often based on data from states with considerably lower proportions of deer crashes. To counter this, a cross-sectional analysis of deer crashes was performed using data from Michigan. The data were analyzed across four categories of rural two-lane roadways, including: state highways, federal aid county roadways, non-federal aid county roadways, and unpaved (gravel) county roadways. Mixed effects negative binomial regression models utilizing spatial and temporal random effects were generated separately for each of the rural two-lane roadway types. Results showed speed-related factors, including lane width, shoulder width, horizontal curvature, and peak level of service, had a significant effect on DVC occurrence for most types of rural two-lane roadways in Michigan. Wider lanes were associated with a greater occurrence of deer crashes, perhaps because of higher prevailing travel speeds. Conversely, horizontal curves with design speeds lower than the statutory speed limit were associated with fewer deer crashes, perhaps because of lower travel speeds through curves. Wider shoulders, which afford greater separation between the travel lanes and the roadside, were found to have significantly lower deer crash occurrence. The number of available hunting licenses did not have a consistent effect on DVCs.
David Roberts meets the switchman: A footnote to the total work of art in European modernism
Authors: Beilharz Peter
Published: May 2019

The scope of David Roberts’ book on the Total Work of Art is daunting. It stretches from the French Revolution through to the modernist avant-garde and its dissolution in totalitarianism. If Wagner is its chief leader and artistic animator, it also echoes back to Robespierre, Napoleon and Saint-Simon, and through at least to Bolshevism and Futurism, Stalinism and Italian Fascism. The total work of art totalizes the world of the artwork, but it also adds in the politics of the sublime, turns politics into art and negates both as independent spheres of existence at the same time. In this piece I offer some observations on the thinking of a key switchman in this story: Leon Trotsky.
Entropy generation and heat transport analysis of Casson fluid flow with viscous and Joule heating in an inclined porous microchannel
Authors: Gireesha BJ , Srinivasa CT , Shashikumar NS , Macha Madhu , Singh JK , Mahanthesh B
Published: May 2019

The combined effects of the magnetic field, suction/injection, and convective boundary condition on heat transfer and entropy generation in an electrically conducting Casson fluid flow through an inclined porous microchannel are scrutinized. The temperature-dependent heat source is also accounted. Numerical simulation for the modelled problem is presented via Runge–Kutta–Felhberg-based shooting technique. Special attention is given to analyze the impact of involved parameters on the profiles of velocity [Formula: see text], temperature [Formula: see text], entropy generation [Formula: see text], and Bejan number [Formula: see text]. It is established that entropy generation rate decreases at the walls with an increase in Hartmann number [Formula: see text], while it increases at the center region of the microchannel.