bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drilling-and-blasting method of demolition
Authors: Sinitsyn Denis
Published: June 2018

This article analyzes the experience and gives the examples of dismantling and demolition of the construction structures of the buildings and facilities using the drilling-and-blasting method. The drilling-and-blasting method is widely used in construction and reconstruction. The demolition means may be classified according to impact on a material of structures to be demolished and to forces application, where, by virtue of an impact energy type, we choose the blasting method. This method is used during the complete demolition or fragmentation of concrete, reinforced concrete, masonry structures, of old buildings and facilities demolition to their base or in the intended direction. Blasting method may be used as well during the steel and reinforced concrete structures demolition to the smaller easy-to-move parts. Reviewed are the organizational-process activities, which are performed during the various structures dismantling. Given are the areas of application for the various methods of structures demolition. Given is the example of demolition of “Sevemaya” boiler house brick chimney at the territory of Murmansk DSK using the blast in confined spaces of the operating company. Subject of research: methods of construction structures demolition in alarm situations and acts of God. Objects: determination of the most efficient demolition methods in the present conditions of construction operations development. Materials and methods: the developed activities on the construction structures dismantling are given. Results: the most efficient methods and ways of construction structures demolition are defined. Conclusions: it is required for improvement of methods and ways of the structures drilling-and-blasting demolition.
Modified gypsum binder
Authors: Kodzoev M-B. , Isachenko S. , Kosarev S. , Basova A. , Skvortzov A. , Asamatdinov M. , Zhukov A.
Published: June 2018

Gypsum-based binder modified by clay has properties close to the gypsum binder and can be used as plaster formulations or mortars. There are several reasons and chief among them is the lack of scientific based theory of formation and hardening properties of gypsum-based binder modified by clay without additives and that modified by additives. One of the classic ways of studying the mechanism of hydration of gypsum binders is the analysis of the heat liberation: hydration heat of the binder. With the thermos method of determining the heat liberation the ambient temperature is constant and the temperature of the sample which was at the beginning of the experiment changes as a result of the released heat of hydration of the gypsum; heat exchange between sample and the environment. Heat transfer is minimized through the use of thermos technology and effective insulation. The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of heat liberation during hydration of gypsum-based binder modified by clay without additives, with addition of superplasticizer and with the addition of setting retarder. Results in all cases are satisfactory. The highest degree of hydration evaluated by kinetics of heat liberation from a binder is with the addition of the superplasticizer. Application of setting retarder somewhat reduces the maximum degree of hydration and increases the hydration time. The degree of hydration of the binder with the addition of C3 additive and retarder is observed to be higher than that of gypsum-based binder modified by clay without additives. The studies confirm the possibility of using gypsum-based binder modified by clay in the composition of dry plaster mixtures for interior decoration works in premises.
About mathematical modeling of aerodynamic characteristics in devices with a leakage of the impact systems of plane-parallel streams on the heat exchange surface
Authors: Haritonova Larisa , Azarov Valery , Stefanenko Igor
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the development of the general aerodynamic theory in case of a leakage by the systems of plane-parallel impact jets on the plane heat exchange surface [1-2]. An analytical generalization of data on aerodynamic resistance with the blowout of flat surface by the system of the plane-parallel impact jets was implemented. These data were obtained as a result of the application of mathematical theory of planning an experiment. The equations of regression are the mathematical model of process. Functional dependences between the constructive factors and the regime parameters of these first obtained experimental dependences on aerodynamic resistance in the jet heat exchangers with the leakage of air in the form of the system of plane-parallel jets were established. Results of work can be used in developing of different methods of calculation for various new designs of highly effective heat exchangers or their optimization for various branches.
Constructive features of the bank protection structure of water recreation facility in Arkhangelsk
Authors: Kopteva Anna , Lukin Alexey
Published: June 2018

The objective of the study is projecting and calculation of shore protection structure of the water recreation facility in northern climatic conditions of Arkhangelsk city. In the course of study, three constructive solutions including anchored or non-anchored Larsen dowel wall were projected based on geotechnical conditions of Arkhangelsk. Geotechnical conditions include physico-mechanical and strength characteristics of soils, determined in accordance with the geological regulations. The calculation of bank protection structures was performed in PLAXIS 3D Foundation package by the finite element method. The study represents diagrams and graphics showing the deformations of bank protection structure. The result of the study is a solution chosen according to the reliability criterion. Recommendations and directions for the future research were proposed.
Investigation of changes in the physical properties of the sandy soil in geotechnical control of the road embankment
Authors: Yanina Olga , Chigarev Anton , Yanin Alexander , Kalugin Peter , Yanina Yanina
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work is to determine the effect of “temperature-precipitation” climate parameters on the physical properties of sandy soil of an embankment during the construction period. The object of this study is sand from a quarry and the upper layer of the road embankment before and after the climatic effect during the “autumn-winter-spring” period. The results of this study revealed changes in sand gradation, coefficient of permeability and void ratio of a sandy soil after the influence of “temperature-precipitation” climate parameters during a short time period. The results of this study can be used for geotechnical control of construction process.
Development of requirements for the BIM model of the Arctic port facilities exploitation
Authors: Garibin Pavel , Ol’khovik Evgeniy
Published: June 2018

The development of information modeling technologies for construction offers new tasks to develop operational models for facilities, which are locate in most difficult conditions, here an important example is the marine Arctic ports. To build a life cycle model, reliable long-time information about hydrometeorological conditions for the selected port facility is needed. It also requires accurate data on the design and past loads. We offer the basic methods for obtaining the initial data for operation BIM model subject to the technical and design documentation are absent, what is a common practice for old facilities. The main theses for development of information BIM model for a marine port’s facilities exploitation in the Arctic are proposed in this paper. At the initial stage of description of the structure life cycle, it is necessary to develop an electronic passport of the facility that would contain the basic geometric characteristics of the structures elements, the information about the applied materials and their physical and mechanical properties, coordinates of the plan and deformation geodetic network in the digital format. At the next stage, it is necessary to provide automated monitoring for measuring the main parameters of loads, deformations and climatic conditions, which in combination ensure the safety of the port’s structures.
Parametric optimization of autoclave curing for energy cost reduction of fiber cement panels
Authors: Mukhametrakhimov Rustem , Lukmanova Liliya
Published: June 2018

The results of experimental research on parametric optimization of autoclave curing for energy cost reduction of fiber cement panels are presented. Relation between the flexural strength of fiber cement panels and heating rate, the time of isothermal aging, the cooling rate of the autoclave has been established by the three-factor design of the second order.
Evaluation of the Ecotoxicological State of Selected Soils from Urban Environments of Russian Arctic with the Aim to Substantiate Reclamation and Restoration Strategies
Authors: Alekseev Ivan , Abakumov Evgeny , Petrova Alina , Vorona-Slivinskaya Lubov
Published: June 2018

In recent decades rates of anthropogenic forcing on natural and urban ecosystems in the Arctic are increasingly growing. This tendency requires the development of more detailed environmental monitoring methods. In this context, study of background trace elements contents should be an urgent task. The purpose of authors study was an assessment of trace elements content in soils of urban environments in Yamal region and Murmansk. Twelve sites in Yamal region and four sites in Murmansk in different functional zones were studied during the investigation. Samples were taken from a depth of 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm. The highest contents for Cu, Zn, Ni were found in soil samples from Kharp, which was caused by existing chrome-processing factory. Soil samples from Aksarka and Labytnangi were characterized by the highest median values for Pb. Soil samples from Kharsaim and Kharp key plots were characterized by the highest median values for Zn. This could be explained by geological origin and high regional background concentration element for this trace element. Soil samples collected in Murmansk were characterized by highest medians in Pb, Ni and Mn in topsoil horizons, Mn and Zn in lower horizons. Evaluation of Saet´s index showed the predominance of non-hazardous Zc in most of the soil samples. Predicted climate change and consequent degradation of permafrost in soils could have the behavior of trace elements. Rates of accumulation, transformation, translocation, leaching and transportation of trace elements and other pollutants within the permafrost-affected landscapes could be affected and changed significantly.
Mobile plants for plasma chemical water treatment
Authors: Bruyako Michail , Grigoreva Larisa
Published: June 2018

Water is a valuable natural resource. It provides an exceptional role in metabolic processes, which are the basis of life. The negative factor of human activity is pollution of the environment, including water resources. Municipal sewage treatment is an urgent environmental problem. It exists both in Russia and abroad. Despite all the measures and methods used to treat wastewater, pollutants continue to flow into water bodies. The most dangerous pollutants are heavy metals, organic substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates). To solve this problem, both traditional and modern methods are proposed. The purpose of this study is to develop an energy-efficient, eco-friendly mobile device for water purification based on the action of low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma. The developed installation has a small weight of 20 to 50 kg, occupies a small area. To move it you can use any vehicle. Model samples and samples from the municipal sewerage network were prepared as experimental samples. The effect of low-temperature plasma showed a high degree of purification with a single exposure at low values of electric energy consumption per unit of water to be purified. Reduction of the concentration of ammonium-ion and ammonium nitrogen reaches 96-98%.
Balanced score card for cluster of building materials scrap recycling in Voronezh
Authors: Potekhi Igor
Published: June 2018

In this article is described an effort to develop a new system of management and economy of building materials scrap recycling cluster. For this task is used conception “Management by Objective” by American legend Peter Drucker. Thus cluster participants have divergent purposes, but have common purpose, the present conception match the most for develop business strategy of uniting companies in this cluster. As result, it was developed a “Balanced Scorecard” for the cluster. This “Balanced Scorecard” take into account technological features of companies in cluster and developed common purpose system. In base of system structure of indicators there is exist model of cluster. This model can show capacity, output flows and throughput capacity of participants. During develop a system of cluster’s purposes it were learned priorities balance of economy efficiency and natural resource management. There are shown calculation of costs of reuse building recycled materials, located on solid waste landfill. Developed strategic system of purpose of cluster activity allows to get economical benefit all participants and for citizens to save environment from nature disaster.
Methodology of planning of landscape and ecological sustainability of natural components in the virtual model (on the example of Volgograd)
Authors: Ivanova Nina , Ganzha Olga , Prokopenko Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

Urban planning is a critical issue in urban planning around the world. Real monitoring of landscape and environmental processes, urban planning and sustainable development designers associate with the construction of virtual models. The aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches to planning in the field of landscape and environmental sustainability taking into account the landscape features of the city of Volgograd and the formation of a topographic basis of a virtual model aimed at resolving environmental, social and figurative problems of the city. The construction of the landscape object of the Green ring in the suburban area of Volgograd and the environmental impact of the water surfaces of the Volga river on the sustainable development of the comfortable spaces of the city were analyzed. The modeling for the integration of a system of natural components of the landscape based on the climate aspect and the specifics of the topography in the virtual model of landscape ecological sustainable development the water-green landscapeology. The results of the study reveal the scientific and methodological provisions of urban planning and establish practical goals and implementation of virtual models aimed at preserving the true image of the city
Life Cycle Cost management of blower station construction for wastewater utility
Authors: Bazhenov Victor , Ustiuzhanin Andrei
Published: June 2018

Management and Economics in construction is submitted by this article as a settlement tool for construction justification of blower stations. These buildings with powerful units are under financial provision of communal wastewater utilities. Economic management implemented by usage of LCC analyses, which supposed to support decision making process. LCC analyses refer to its application with and without consideration of discount rates (DR, DR-out, DR-with). Also investigated variants of blower types: multistage without control (v1), multistage with VFD control (v2), single stage dual vane control (v3). The result of LCC analysis (DR-out) shows, that last variant 3 is most cost-effective for investments with economy of: 26,9% to (v1) and 21,7% to (v2) under the identical duty conditions. Consideration of discount rates (DR-with) resulted the same as: 21,5% to (v1) and 19,7% to (v2). The power consumption plays a significant role in LCC estimation. The result of LCC analysis (DR-out) shows the proportion “energy/LCC”: 94,9% (v1); 87,1% (v2); 84,5% (v3). Consideration of discount rates (DR-with) resulted the same as: 92,5% (v1); 81,1% (v2); 76,6% (v3). The reached power saving for all control methods of blower regulation are inside range 14,3–34,9%.
Regarding some aspects of economic feasibility for the transport integrated use in favor of environmental security
Authors: Kazaryan Ruben
Published: June 2018

The transport system in Russia and the transport support issues of national security differ completely from the Occident and other developed countries due to geostrategic and natural climatic conditions of our country. The integrated transport system, where in a sufficiently coherent manner used are the roads and railways, domestic water and air ways, pipeline transport, is more developed in the European area of the country. However there is no assessment of economic feasibility for the integrated transport lines. Firstly, assessment criteria for the transport support efficiency in favor of environmental security; secondly, mathematical economic models of various transport types integrated use in favor of environmental security; thirdly, economic feasibility methods for transport integrated use in favor of environmental security, that unavoidably leads to unreasonable transport operations using the existing rail and water ways at little distances, and increases their base cost by several times versus the transport by road. High dynamics of transport support for economic, demographic and environmental security within a market economy require the development of approach for the transport integrated use in favor of Russia national security. This article describes some practical recommendations for transport systems control bodies.
Creation of transport hubs for the increase in investment attractiveness of the city
Authors: Vasilyeva Elena
Published: June 2018

Effective transport infrastructure development is known to be one of the key aspects of sustainable development of modern city environment. Creation of transport hubs is expected to make a contribution to the improvement of transport infrastructure. Some practical examples of implementing of hubs in Moscow were considered. The article proves that the creation of the transport hubs, is capable to contribute to the sustainable urban development: to provide high social-and-economic living standards for inhabitants, to make changes of different types of transport fast and convenient, to eliminate “poor points” in the transport infrastructure, to reduce stoppers in the city, to provide inhabitants with the necessary number of parking spaces and also to become an additional source of income both for the city, and for commercial structures. It also will be able to increase the investment attractiveness and investment activity of the area in general. However, the author criticizes the current approach to the organization of investments into the hub projects. The public-and-private-partnership in its broad sense would allow dividing expenses, risks and profit within the project, and at the same time keeps the municipal property for the facility. Meanwhile the use of concession does not allow providing the maximum transport project efficiency.
Analysis of the offer and demand for the transportation of people from a settlement in the city of Skopje
Authors: Zafirovski Zlatko , Gacevski Vasko , Krakutovski Zoran , Ognjenovic Slobodan
Published: June 2018

Transportation planning is a complex task and a major challenge that plays primary role in the development of the economic processes in the exchange of people and goods. There are several approaches from which transport can be analysed. As an economic activity transport is analysed in terms of offer and demand. The offer of transport is an offer of given capacity which can transported from one place to another. The offer analysis is made in relation to the demand for transport which is made by the individuals that travel or the firms and industrial facilities that want to transport goods. An initial representation of the theoretical approach in the analysis of the transport of people through the description of a specific case is shown in this paper.
Simulation of queue length and vehicle delays on signal-controlled intersection
Authors: Leverents Evgeny , Andronov Roman , Anufrieva Tatiyana
Published: June 2018

The extensive use of information technology in the field of traffic control will increase the traffic capacity of intersection points and transports. To assess the efficacy of changing options for the road traffic organization or the reorganization of intersection points, you need to know the average delay in vehicles and the length of the queue. The adaptive traffic light control is one of such tools. Simulation modeling of traffic flows use for the definition of its work. The aim of this work is to create a simulation model of controlled intersection, which can evaluate the efficiency of the application the adaptive regulation in various traffic situations, including the availability or deficiency of pedestrian traffic through the intersection. The numerical experiment in in the model pass with using of the Monte Carlo method, which can to draw a conclusion about the calculated parameter on the basis of the result of the reproduction of the calculation model.
Neural network technique when distribution of vehicle component parts on the technological repair routes, taking into account their technical condition
Authors: Krasovsky Valentin , Krasovskaya Nina , Poptsov Victor , Nordman Irina
Published: June 2018

Increase of repair efficiency is achieved due to the formation of centralized specialized production facilities which implement the vehicle component parts repair technique with the use of industrial technological processes to restore the technical state of the units and their components. In this case, the establishment of the expediency of sending the unit to repair, as well as the defining of volumes and nomenclature for necessary repair actions, should be performed at the stage of pre-repair diagnosis for each individual unit taking into account its actual technical condition. However, the effectiveness of pre-repair diagnosis using both deterministic and probabilistic methods of processing and analyzing the information obtained is significantly reduced by the presence of errors in the recognition of defects and the distribution of aggregates in accordance with the repair work variety preformed at the repair enterprise. Using promising cognitive technology based on neural networks it is possible to completely avoid the losses associated with the repetition of repair work. Therefore, the formation of scientific and methodological bases for the development, training and practical application of artificial neural networks in the subsystems of the pre-repair diagnosis of the repair fund of automobile vehicle omponent parts is an important and urgent task. The paper presents the results of analytical studies and a number of original techniques for the formation of scientific and methodological foundations for the development, training and practical application of artificial neural networks in the process of diagnosis the car vehicle component parts and special oil and gas equipment entering the centralized repair according to their technical condition
Public-Private Partnership as a Financial Instrument for the Transport Infrastructure Modernizing
Authors: Makarov Ivan , Plotnikov Vladimir
Published: June 2018

In the modern economy, there are problems associated with investing in infrastructure development. Its facilities are public goods. Therefore, private business is not interested in their creation and development. And the state does not have sufficient resources to solve the problems of infrastructure development. Therefore, the mechanism of interaction between the state and business on the basis of public-private partnership (PPP) has spread in this sphere. The analysis shows that the forms of PPP depend on the country (region) and industry. Therefore, increasing the effectiveness of PPP, as the authors have shown, should be based on the specificity of projects. The article analyzes the experience and perspectives of PPP development in the Russian transport industry. The authors concluded that the interaction of power and private capital is the most effective mechanism in modern conditions for the creation and development of transport infrastructure in Russia. At the same time, the article focuses on the financial component of PPP in transport.
Evaluation of the traffic signal regulation efficiency of crossroads with unstable transport demand by time
Authors: Anisimov Ilya , Burakova Anastasia , Burakova Olga , Burakova Lyudmila
Published: June 2018

The article describes the results of the research, whose goal is to assess the effectiveness of the traffic light operation at crossroads with unstable transport demand in terms of time and directions. The modern way of cities development consists in creation of sustainable, and, hence, safe, harmless and comfortable environment for residing. This determines the separation of urban and industrial areas, the creation of transport infrastructure, in particular crossroads, which are equipped with traffic lights. As a rule, it is characterized by unstable transport demand in the direction of entry and exit from the territory of enterprises, which causes an inadvertent increase in the idle time of vehicles in the main direction. In the course of experimental studies, the authors found that the crossroads under consideration are parts of the road network that connect the industrial and urban areas, which causes a high traffic intensity in the main areas. At the same time, the share of ineffective resolving phase for entry and exit from the territory of the enterprise reaches 70-80%, which increases the idle time of vehicles in the main direction. The authors proposed an indicator that characterizes the proportion of inefficient operation of the traffic signal.
Interactions neuro-immunes dans la peau
Authors: Debroas Guilhaume , Hoeffel Guillaume , Reynders Ana , Ugolini Sophie
Published: June 2018

Lors d’une infection, notre capacité à éliminer les pathogènes dépend essentiellement de notre système immunitaire. Des études récentes révèlent cependant un rôle du système nerveux dans la régulation des processus infectieux et inflammatoires. Des interactions fonctionnelles bidirectionnelles s’établissent entre systèmes nerveux et immunitaire pour préserver l’intégrité des tissus. La peau constitue l’une des premières lignes de défense contre les menaces extérieures et présente un système neuro-immun particulièrement développé. En cas de lésion cutanée, des neurones impliqués dans la perception douloureuse sont activés et modulent la fonction et le recrutement des cellules immunitaires au sein du tissu. Nous illustrons ici l’importance de ces régulations neuro-immunes à travers différents exemples de pathologies cutanées.
Les données de santé
Authors: Polton Dominique
Published: June 2018

En matière de santé comme dans d’autres secteurs, une masse croissante de données numérisées provenant de diverses sources est disponible et exploitable. C’est l’un des domaines où le potentiel du Big data apparaît très prometteur, avec de multiples innovations au bénéfice des patients et du système (accélération de la recherche et développement, connaissance des maladies, des facteurs de risque, médecine personnalisée, aide au diagnostic et au traitement, rôle accru des patients, pharmacovigilance, etc.), même si des inquiétudes s’expriment aussi vis-à-vis des impacts sociétaux, économiques et éthiques que le recours croissant aux algorithmes et à l’intelligence artificielle pourrait induire. Développer l’usage de ces données constitue un objectif stratégique de tous les systèmes de santé, et de ce point de vue le Système national de données de santé (SNDS) constitue pour la France un patrimoine intéressant, mais qui demande à être complété et enrichi.
« Médecine 4.0 » ou de l’importance des nouvelles technologies dans la médecine moderne
Authors: Wolf Bernhard , Scholze Christian
Published: June 2018

Un changement de paradigme se dessine non seulement dans le monde de la technique (industrie 4.0), mais aussi en médecine : nous sommes aujourd’hui au seuil de la « médecine 4.0 ». Après de nombreuses années de primauté de la biologie moléculaire, il est aujourd’hui reconnu que les systèmes microélectroniques, grâce à leur miniaturisation croissante, progressent vers des dimensions équivalentes à celles des systèmes cellulaires et peuvent par conséquent être utilisés à des fins thérapeutiques. Cette revue montre, à travers l’exemple de la chimiothérapie personnalisée, comment la microélectronique sera amenée à jouer un rôle primordial dans la médecine moderne.
Gènes et longévité : nouvelles données, nouvelles controverses
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: June 2018

Analysis of a huge human pedigree constructed using public genealogy databases indicates that the heritability of longevity is probably lower than previously accepted (0.10 to 0.15 instead of 0.25 to 0.30). This makes the search for “longevity genes” even harder than expected; nevertheless, some significant results emerge and may eventually, after confirmation and extension, provide useful insights.
The effect of process parameters in Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites with Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Vani Vemula Vijaya , Chak Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2018

Metal Matrix Composites are developed in recent years as an alternative over conventional engineering materials due to their improved properties. Among all, Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) are increasing their demand due to low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, high toughness, corrosion resistance, higher stiffness, improved wear resistance, increased creep resistance, low co-efficient of thermal expansion, improved high temperature properties. Major applications of these materials have been in aerospace, automobile, military. There are different processing techniques for the fabrication of AMCs. Powder metallurgy is a one of the most promising and versatile routes for fabrication of particle reinforced AMCs as compared to other manufacturing methods. This method ensures the good wettability between matrix and reinforcement, homogeneous microstructure of the fabricated MMC, and prevents the formation of any undesirable phases. This article addresses mainly on the effect of process parameters like sintering time, temperature and particle size on the microstructure of aluminum metal matrix composites.
Complex primary hips for total hip replacement surgery at a tertiary institution in Nigeria
Authors: Anyaehie Udo Ego , Eyichukwu Gabriel Okey , Nwadinigwe Cajetan Uwatoronye , Katchy Amechi Uchenna
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Total hip replacement (THR) surgery is still evolving in Nigeria with increasing awareness as more cases are being done. This has attraction for individuals who hitherto had no solutions for their hip pathologies. These are mostly complex primary hips which present challenging technical difficulties with increased risk of complications, thus requiring detailed planning to ensure successful operation. This work aims to present the pattern of complex primary hips presenting for THR, the challenges and complications.

Methodology: Data collected over a seven year period, of patients who presented for THR, were analyzed for age, sex, diagnosis, type of hip, complications, duration of surgery, blood loss and transfusions, challenges and outcome.

Results: Fifty-nine (43.4%) of the 136 cases of THR done were complex primary hip replacement surgeries. Avascular necrosis of femoral head amongst sickle cell disease patients (23.7%) was the commonest cause of complex primary hips in our series. Most of them had absent/tight medullary canals. This is followed by old unreduced hip dislocation and non-united hip fractures with an incidence of 10.1% each. The major peri operative complication noted was calcar split in 10 patients (16.9%)

Discussion: Sickle cell disease patients presented more with complex primary hips and the commonest difficulty was recreating medullary canals. Increased operation time and blood loss alongside technical difficulties should be anticipated and measures put in place to avert complications.
Nierenersatzverfahren: Information, Aufklärung, Dokumentation
Authors: Galle Jan , Reitlinger Jana
Published: June 2018

In renal replacement therapy, different methods are available: hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplantation (KTx). In addition, variants can be used: HD as a home HD or center HD, PD as a conventional PD or automated (cycler) PD, KTx as a potentially short-term predictable living donation or conventional donor kidney donation. The patient and his familiar or caring environment must be informed accordingly. This means first of all: information about which procedures of kidney replacement therapy are possible and can be offered. Then the specific risks associated with each procedure should be elucidated (e. g. HD and shunt bleeding, PD and peritonitis, KTx and infections/neoplasias). This necessarily includes a structured documentation of the educating center/doctor about the communicated information and decisions taken.
ACE-I und ARB bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen: Was muss ich berücksichtigen?
Authors: Zeier Martin
Published: June 2018

Proteinuric kidney disease, especially in the early and middle stages of renal insufficiency, may be favorably affected by ACE-I/ARB. The progression of renal insufficiency is thereby slowed down and dialysis obligation occurs later or can even be avoided. This effect is independent of the underlying glomerular kidney disease. In the advanced stage of renal insufficiency, the benefit of ACE-I/ARB cannot yet be conclusively assessed. The interruption of ACE-I/ARB therapy may possibly contribute to a certain recovery of renal function and delay the onset of dialysis a little. However, studies are still pending and the benefits of ACE-I/ARB for the heart and blood vessels, especially at this stage of renal insufficiency, should not be overlooked.

Patients with proteinuria benefit from ACE-I/ARB not only in terms of renal stabilization. A cardio-protective effect by reduction of proteinuria and a delay of progression is proven. On the other hand, the protective effect of ACE-I/ARB that can be detected directly on the heart and blood vessels should not be disregarded. Thus, even if chronic renal insufficiency no longer benefits directly from ACE-I/ARB therapy, cardiac protection may still be of great importance to the chronic kidney patient.
Nosokomiale Scabies: Ausbruch bei Personal einer Universitätsklinik
Authors: Ross Birgit , Esser Stefan , Engelberg Heike , Körber Andreas
Published: June 2018

Einleitung Ausbrüche von Scabies (Krätzmilben) sind in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen häufig, in Krankenhäusern sind sie eher selten. Wir berichten über den Ausbruch von Scabies-Infektionen in einem Krankenhaus bei Pflegepersonal und Ärzten einer Intensiveinheit. Die Indexpatientin sei eine bereits umfangreich antiscabinös therapierte Patientin gewesen.

Beschreibung des Ausbruchs Zahlreiche Mitarbeiter stellten sich beim betriebsärztlichen Dienst beziehungsweise in der Universitätshautklinik vor, bei fünf konnte Scabies bestätigt werden. Aufgrund der anamnestischen Angaben schien die postulierte Übertragung durch die bekannte Patientin wahrscheinlich. Eine andere gemeinsame Infektionsquelle ließ sich nicht eruieren.

Therapie Alle Betroffenen sowie deren Kontaktpersonen wurden antiscabinös behandelt.

Diskussion Ursächlich war hier ganz offensichtlich der enge körperliche Kontakt der Mitarbeiter zur Patientin bei der Durchführung der Intensivtherapie. Der Fall zeigt, dass die Infektiosität der Krätzmilben auch nach einer antiscabinösen Behandlung eines bekannten Patienten sehr lange fortbestehen kann. Insbesondere unter den Bedingungen einer Intensivbehandlung sind daher für einen langen Zeitraum entsprechende Schutzmaßnahmen erforderlich.
Palliative Care: mehr Lebensqualität mit ATP-G
Authors: Eschmann Sarah , Giles-Heidecker Lena
Published: June 2018

Positionierung Die Qualität des Liegens hat einen großen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität von Palliativpatienten. Diese kann von Pflegenden maßgeblich
durch eine physiologische Positionierung, wie z. B. die angepasste Seitenlage, beeinflusst werden. Kombiniert mit der Nestlagerung steigert dies die
Lebensqualität des Palliativpatienten deutlich.
Aktualisierte Rahmenempfehlungen zur ambulanten geriatrischen Rehabilitation (AGR)
Authors: Meinck Matthias
Published: June 2018

Bedarfsgerechter Ausbau? Dieser Beitrag skizziert wesentliche Inhalte der aktualisierten Rahmenempfehlungen zur AGR mit dem Schwerpunkt auf vorgenommene
Änderungen und Pflegerelevanz. Handelt es sich bei der Aktualisierung um eine Weiterentwicklung hin zu einem bedarfsgerechten Ausbau?
Scham und Würde in der Pflege
Authors: Immenschuh Ursula
Published: June 2018

Am Anfang steht die Wahrnehmung Pflege und Scham sind untrennbar verbunden. Die Rahmenbedingungen von Pflege erschweren die würdevolle Pflege, nämlich die
Pflege, die Anerkennung, Schutz, Zugehörigkeit und Integrität aller zu wahren weiß. Das bedeutet als Erstes, die Scham wahrzunehmen, sie bei sich selber und bei
anderen gelten zu lassen, damit sie ihre schützende Funktion als Hüterin der Würde entfalten kann.
Geriatrisches Assessment GDS – Geriatrische Depressionsskala
Authors: Zemke Jens
Published: June 2018

Frühdiagnostik Weltweit zählen depressive Syndrome zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen überhaupt. Im höheren Lebensalter zählen sie neben den demenziellen
Syndromen zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen. Depressionen kommen bei älteren Menschen nicht häufiger vor, sondern werden in vielen Fällen nicht richtig
erkannt, nicht ernst genommen und inadäquat behandelt. Die GDS erlaubt die frühzeitige Erkennung einer möglichen Depression alternder Patienten.
Die Integration von Homöopathie und Psychiatrie in der Behandlung schwerer psychischer Störungen
Authors: Koch Ulrich
Published: June 2018

Die homöopathische und die moderne psychiatrische Behandlung weisen in ihren Ansätzen viele Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Bei schweren und chronischen psychischen Erkrankungen ist oft mit nur einem Behandlungsansatz kein befriedigendes Ergebnis zu erzielen, weswegen die Notwendigkeit eines integrativen Ansatzes herausgearbeitet wird. Eine Heilungsdefinition wird vorgeschlagen, die auf die Ebene des Genesungsprozesses fokussiert und nicht mehr primär darauf, die bloße Symptomatik als Ausdruck der Krankheit zu beseitigen.
Neue Studie zur Prävention von Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Winkler Christiane , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele
Published: June 2018

Jedes Jahr erkranken etwa 2300 Kinder in Deutschland an einem Typ-1-Diabetes. Die Neuerkrankungsrate steigt dramatisch, durchschnittlich um 6,2 % pro Jahr. Die Freder1k
1
-Studie – ein erhöhtes Typ-1-Diabetesrisiko früh erkennen und vorbeugend handeln – ist Teil einer europäischen Programminitiative zur Prävention von Typ-1-Diabetes. Dieses Programm hat zum Ziel, schon bei Neugeborenen ein erhöhtes Typ-1-Diabetesrisiko zu erfassen, um dann Betroffene im nächsten Schritt präventiv behandeln zu können. Um die Kinder zu identifizieren, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für Typ-1-Diabetes tragen, können alle Neugeborenen und Säuglinge in Bayern seit dem letzten Jahr im Zuge der Freder1k-Studie getestet werden (www.aworldwithout1.com).
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Lithium in the Long-Term Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: An Update 2018
Authors: Severus Emanuel , Bauer Michael , Geddes John
Published: June 2018

For more than 40 years, lithium has been the gold standard in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. In the course of the last 15 years, other drugs have been approved in this indication and are widely used in clinical practice at the expense of lithium. New research from the last few years, however, indicates that lithium is still the first-line treatment in this indication. Against this background and lithium’s proven acute antimanic efficacy, we should perhaps be using lithium more regularly (in combination with an atypical antipsychotic, if necessary) right from the start for the acute treatment of a manic episode and, once remission has been achieved and euthymia maintained during continuation treatment, to regularly taper off the atypical antipsychotic, if possible, and continue with lithium as monotherapy for prophylactic treatment. This might lead to lithium being used more consistently with the scientific evidence in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. It remains uncertain, however, to predict who will respond to and tolerate lithium prophylactically, and more research is needed to deliver the best possible individualized care to our patients.
Acetonitrile as a Building Block and Reactant
Authors: Hoff B.
Published: June 2018

Acetonitrile is popular as a solvent for performing organic reactions, as a ligand in inorganic chemistry, as a mobile phase in chromatography, and as an electrolyte solvent in dye-sensitized solar cells. This is mainly due to its ability to dissolve both polar and nonpolar components. However, acetonitrile is also a valuable building block allowing atom-efficient transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. The aim of this review is to highlight synthetic transformations using acetonitrile, covering both classical approaches and modern strategies proceeding through radical intermediates or mediated by metal catalysis. Besides showcasing synthetic protocols useful for acetonitrile and analogues, warnings for when not to use acetonitrile as a solvent are also provided.

1 Introduction

2 Fundamental Reactions with Acetonitrile

3 Cyanomethylation of Non-Aromatics

4 The Acetonitrile Nitrogen as a Nucleophile

5 The Blaise Reaction

6 Synthesis of Pyridines

7 Other Cyclization Reactions

8 Cyanomethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes

9 Acetylation of Arenes Using Acetonitrile

10 Synthesis of N-Arylacetamides

11 Cyanation Using Acetonitrile as a Cyanide Source

12 When To Avoid Acetonitrile as a Solvent

13 Conclusion
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Andrographolide Analogues as Potent β-Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Rahman Masood ur , Ayoob Iram , Rehman Shakeel u , Bhat Khursheed , Ara Tabassum
Published: June 2018

Andrographolide, a bioactive compound isolated from Andrographis paniculata exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-HIV, antiplatelet aggregation, hepatic lipid peroxidation protective, hepatoprotective, choleretic, and anticancer effects. Herein, we report the synthesis of diverse analogues of andrographolide along with their β-glucosidase inhibitory activity against sweet almond β-glucosidase. The parent compound, And-1, displayed moderate inhibitory activity against the sweet almond β-glucosidase with IC50 of 142.5 μM. Among the synthesised analogues And-10 showed the best activity, with IC50 of 92.4 μM, whereas the oxidised products (And-4 and And-5) were moderately active against the tested enzyme. Additionally, compounds And-6, And-7, And-8, and And-10 exhibited better β-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the positive control Castanospermine, with IC50 of 100.2, 102.4, 106.5, and 92.4 μM, respectively. These results highlight the importance of an electron-withdrawing NO2 group on the phenyl moiety in attaining the better β-glucosidase inhibition. It is noteworthy that the effect of a particular group plays a significant role in bioactivity. This study thus highlights an important aspect with regard to the most active compounds, which could extend the arsenal of compounds affecting the corresponding enzymes after further polishing and fine tuning.
Metal-Free Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines Mediated by TEMPO Oxoammonium Salts
Authors: Tang Xiang-Ying , Gong Yue-fa , Huo Heng-rui
Published: June 2018

We herein describe a novel TEMPO oxoammonium salt initiated Pictet–Spengler reaction of imines, generated in situ from carbonyl compounds and pyrrole- or indole-containing substrates, to afford 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines or 5,6-dihydroindolo[1,2-a]quin­oxalines in good to excellent yields. Moreover, a one-pot synthesis of a biologically important quinoxaline is achieved via a cyclization–dehydrogenation process using one equivalent of the oxoammonium salt.
A Convenient One-pot Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones from 2H-Thieno[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-diones, Aromatic Aldehydes and Amines
Authors: Liu Feize , Hou Xueling , Nie Li , Bozorov Khurshed , Decker Michael , Huang Guozheng
Published: June 2018

An efficient, simple protocol has been established for convenient synthesis of novel 2,3-disubstituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives in good to high yields through a one-pot, two-step and three-component reaction from 2H-thieno[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-diones, aromatic aldehydes, and amines.
Room Temperature, Open-Flask C–P Bond-Formation on Water under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Choudhary Rakhee , Bai Rekha , Singh Pratibha , Sharma Mahesh , Badsara Satpal
Published: June 2018

A catalyst-free C–P bond-formation in an open flask at room temperature between isatin derivatives and phosphorus surrogates on water is described. Isatin derivatives possessing different substitutes underwent C–P coupling reaction with a variety of phosphine oxides under the reaction conditions employed, providing the desired products in up to quantitative yields.
Thermolytic Synthesis of Naphthalenes via Intramolecular Cyclocondensation of o-Phenylallylbenzaldehydes
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Hsueh Nai-Chen
Published: June 2018

The development of intramolecular carbonyl-ene type cyclocondensation of oxygenated o-phenylallylbenzaldehydes in refluxing decalin is reported. The facile and easy-to-operate thermolytic rearrangement procedure generates substituted naphthalenes in good to excellent yields.
Impact of Different Aortic Entry Tear Sites on Early Outcomes and Long-Term Survival in Patients with Stanford A Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Merkle Julia , Sabashnikov Anton , Deppe Antje Christin , Weber Saskia , Mader Navid , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Liakopoulos Oliver , Kuhn-Régnier Ferdinand , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: June 2018

Background Stanford A acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a life-threatening emergency. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of three different aortic entry tear sites on early outcomes and long-term survival of patients with Stanford A AAD.

Methods From January 2006 to April 2015, a total of 240 consecutive patients with diagnosed Stanford A AAD underwent emergent, isolated surgical aortic repair in our center. Patients were divided into three groups comprising isolated ascending aorta, proximal aortic arch, and distal aortic arch entry tear site and were followed up for up to 9 years.

Results Thirty-day mortality as well as major cerebrovascular events were significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.007 and p = 0.048, respectively). Overall cumulative short- and long-term survival of all patients revealed significant differences (Log-Rank p = 0.002), whereas survival of all patients free from major cerebrovascular events was similar (Log-Rank p = 0.780). Subgroup analysis of short- and long-term survival of patients showed significant differences in terms of men (Log-Rank p = 0.043), women (Log-Rank p = 0.004), patients over 65 years of age (Log-Rank p = 0.007), and hypertensive patients (Log-Rank p = 0.003). Kaplan–Meier survival estimation plots significantly showed poorest survival for distal aortic arch entry tear site group.

Conclusion The location of the primary entry tear in patients with Stanford A AAD significantly influences early outcomes, short- and long-term survival of patients, whereas survival of patients free from major cerebrovascular events showed similar results among the three groups. Distal aortic entry tear site showed poorest outcomes and survival.