bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P236: Associations Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation And Severity Of Depression As A Cardiovascular Risk Marker From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014)
Authors: Neally Sam J , Tamura Kosuke , Langerman Steven , Claudel Sophie E , Farmer Nicole , Vijayakumar Nithya , Curlin Kaveri , Andrews Marcus , Ceasar Joniqua N , Baumer Yvonne , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Depression is a known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) may increase CVD risk through depression, with lower NSES relating to higher depression. Existing studies have included small, geographically-specific samples and have reported mixed or null findings. We examined associations between NSES and depression severity within a demographically diverse, representative US cohort. We hypothesized that living with lower NSES would associate with greater depression severity.

Methods:
The sample (N=6,308 US adults) was from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. NSES was measured as Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) tertiles at the 2010 US census tract level (low NSES=high NDI). Depression severity was both continuous (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9; higher score=more severe) and binary (Clinically Relevant Depression, CRD; PHQ-9≥10). Multilevel modeling estimated the relationship between NDI (ref=low) and depression, stratifying by gender.

Results:
US adults living with high NDI were more likely to be non-white, have lower education, not have partners, have poor diets, have higher BMI, be current smokers, and have higher PHQ-9 (all p<0.0001). Prior to covariate adjustment, living with high vs. low NDI associated with higher PHQ-9 and higher odds of CRD among the overall population independent of gender and among both women and men. The relationships between high NDI and depression lost significance after adjusting for all individual-level factors. Living with medium NDI associated with lower odds of CRD among women after adjustment.

Conclusions:
The relationship between NSES and depression may be attenuated by individual-level factors among US adults. US women in medium NDI neighborhoods may have lower CRD risk, highlighting a need to examine factors that may promote resilience to adverse environment. Future work should also examine other psychosocial factors that may mediate the NSES-CVD relationship.
Abstract P238: Stroke-belt Residence And Post-stroke Statin Use
Authors: Tran Phoebe M , Zhu Cenjing , Chang Tiffany E , Goldstein Larry B , Lichtman Judith H
Published: April 2022

Background:
AHA/ASA guidelines recommend statins in appropriate patients to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. Previous studies have found disproportionately high stroke readmission rates in the Stroke Belt (SB) region in the southern portion of the United States. There is limited information about contemporary post-stroke statin use in SB residents and how this compares to other regions of the country.

Methods:
Stroke patients residing in or outside the SB who had a history of hyperlipidemia were identified from the nationally representative 2017 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Current statin use (Yes/No) was ascertained. Survey-weighted estimates of overall and sex- and age-specific statin use were determined by SB resident status. Logistic regression with survey weighting was applied to calculate odds ratios of statin use without and with adjustment for stroke-related sociodemographic covariates.

Results:
The sample included 21,006 stroke survivors (16% SB residents). SB residence (80.8% vs. 78.9% in non-SB residents, Figure) was not associated with higher odds of post-stroke statin use without or with confounder adjustment. In sex- and age-specific analyses, SB residents were more likely than non-SB residents to use statins following a stroke in all subgroups, with this difference being most pronounced in those age 18-44y.

Conclusions:
Overall statin use was similar between stroke survivors residing in SB and non-SB states but was lowest among those aged 18-44 years regardless of residence. Our findings suggest other factors related to post-discharge care may more greatly impact recurrent stroke rates in rural US areas than statin medication use and warrant additional study.
Small Extracellular Vesicles From Brown Adipose Tissue Mediate Exercise Cardioprotection
Authors: Zhao Hang , Chen Xiyao , Hu Guangyu , Li Congye , Guo Lanyan , Zhang Ling , Sun Fangfang , Xia Yunlong , Yan Wenjun , Cui Ze , Guo Yongzhen , Guo Xiong , Huang Chong , Fan Miaomiao , Wang Shan , Zhang Fuyang , Tao Ling
Published: April 2022

Rationale:

Long-term exercise provides reliable cardioprotection via mechanisms still incompletely understood. Although traditionally considered a thermogenic tissue, brown adipose tissue (BAT) communicates with remote organs (eg, the heart) through its endocrine function. BAT expands in response to exercise, but its involvement in exercise cardioprotection remains undefined.

Objective:

This study investigated whether small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by BAT and their contained microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cardiomyocyte survival and participate in exercise cardioprotection in the context of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury.

Methods and Results:

Four weeks of exercise resulted in a significant BAT expansion in mice. Surgical BAT ablation before MI/R weakened the salutary effects of exercise. Adeno-associated virus 9 vectors carrying short hairpin RNA targeting
Rab27a
(a GTPase required for sEV secretion) or control viruses were injected in situ into the interscapular BAT. Exercise-mediated protection against MI/R injury was greatly attenuated in mice whose BAT sEV secretion was suppressed by
Rab27a
silencing. Intramyocardial injection of the BAT sEVs ameliorated MI/R injury, revealing the cardioprotective potential of BAT sEVs. Discovery-driven experiments identified miR-125b-5p, miR-128-3p, and miR-30d-5p (referred to as the BAT miRNAs) as essential BAT sEV components for mediating cardioprotection. BAT-specific inhibition of the BAT miRNAs prevented their upregulation in plasma sEVs and hearts of exercised mice and attenuated exercise cardioprotection. Mechanistically, the BAT miRNAs cooperatively suppressed the proapoptotic MAPK (mitogen-associated protein kinase) pathway by targeting a series of molecules (eg,
Map3k5
,
Map2k7
, and
Map2k4
) in the signaling cascade. Delivery of BAT sEVs into hearts or cardiomyocytes suppressed MI/R-related MAPK pathway activation, an effect that disappeared with the combined use of the BAT miRNA inhibitors.

Conclusions:

The sEVs secreted by BAT participate in exercise cardioprotection via delivering the cardioprotective miRNAs into the heart. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the BAT-cardiomyocyte interaction and highlight BAT sEVs and their contained miRNAs as alternative candidates for exercise cardioprotection.
Evolution of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Disease in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Verlhac Suzanne , Ithier Ghislaine , Bernaudin Françoise , Oloukoi Carmelia , Cussenot Isabelle , Balandra Stephane , Kheniche Ahmed , Ntorkou Alexandra , Ouaziz Hayat , Tanase Anka , Sekkal Amina , Belarbi Nadia , Elmaleh Monique , Alison Marianne
Published: April 2022

Background:

Cerebral arteriopathy in patients with sickle cell anemia mainly affects the intracranial anterior circulation. However, the extracranial internal carotid artery (eICA) can also be stenosed and responsible for ischemic lesions. In children with sickle cell anemia, we perform routine annual Doppler ultrasound assessment of the eICA and magnetic resonance imaging with 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography of the Willis circle and neck arteries in those with abnormal velocity. Our aim was to report the evolution of eICA stenoses from 2011 to the present as a function of therapy in a retrospective case-series study. We hypothesized that chronic transfusion (CTT) would be more effective than hydroxyurea and simple observation on the evolution of eICA stenosis.

Methods:

Eligibility criteria were a history of eICA velocity ≥160 cm/s with a minimum Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of 1 year. eICAs were graded for stenosis according to NASCET (The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial). Magnetic resonance imaging was investigated for ischemic lesions. Treatment with hydroxyurea and CTT were obtained from the chart review.

Results:

Fifty-four patients were included. Eight patients had a stroke history. The median (range) follow-up was 4.7 years (1.1–9.2 years). On the first neck magnetic resonance angiography, stenosis was present in 48/54 (89%) patients. Kinking was found in 39/54 (72%) patients. On the last neck magnetic resonance angiography, the proportion of patients with eICA stenosis decreased to 39/54 (72%). ICA occlusion occurred in 5 patients despite CTT. Three patients had carotid webs without intracranial stenosis. The proportion of patients with improvement in stenosis score was 8% with no treatment intensification, 20% with hydroxyurea, and 48% with CTT (
P
=0.016). The mean (SD) change per year in stenosis score was 0.40 (0.60) without intensification, 0.20 (0.53) with hydroxyurea, and −0.18 (0.55) with CTT (
P
=0.006). Ischemic lesions were present initially in 46% of patients, and the incidence of progressive ischemic lesions was 2.5 events/100 patient-years. Cox regression analysis showed that the initial score for eICA stenosis was a significant predictive factor for the risk of new silent cerebral infarct events.

Conclusions:

Our study reinforces the need to assess cervical arteries for better prevention of cerebral ischemia and encourage initiation of CTT in sickle cell anemia children with eICA stenosis.
Automated Detection and Location Specification of Large Vessel Occlusion on Computed Tomography Angiography in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bruggeman Agnetha A.E. , Koopman Miou S. , Soomro Jazba , Small Juan E. , Yoo Albert J. , Marquering Henk A. , Emmer Bart J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Fast and accurate detection of large vessel occlusions (LVOs) is crucial in selection of patients with acute ischemic stroke for endovascular treatment. We assessed accuracy of an automated LVO detection algorithm with LVO localization feature.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent computed tomography angiography in 2 centers between January 2018 and September 2019 and between June and November 2020 for suspected anterior circulation LVO were retrospectively included. Reference standard for presence and site of an anterior circulation LVO (intracranial internal carotid artery, M1, or M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery) was established by consensus of 2 independent neuroradiologist readings. All computed tomography angiographies were processed by StrokeViewer‐LVO, Nicolab. Accuracy of this algorithm with LVO localization feature was assessed.

Results

In total, computed tomography angiographies of 364 patients with suspected anterior circulation LVO were analyzed (mean age 67±15 years; 185 male patients). A total of 180 patients (49%) had an LVO (intracranial internal carotid artery [n=49 (27%)], M1 [n=91 (51%)], and M2 [n=40 (22%)]). Sensitivity and specificity for LVO detection were, respectively, 91% (95% CI, 86%–95%) and 87% (95% CI, 81%–91%). NPV and PPV were, respectively, 91% (95% CI, 86%–94%) and 87% (95% CI, 82%–91%). Accuracy of the LVO localization feature was 95%. Median upload‐to‐notification time was 04:31 (interquartile range, 04:21–05:50) minutes.

Conclusions

The automated LVO detection algorithm evaluated in this study, rapidly and accurately detected anterior circulation LVOs with high accuracy of the LVO localization feature. Therefore, it is a suitable screening tool to support and speed up diagnosis of stroke.
Evaluating Explanations: How Much Do Explanations from the Teacher Aid Students?
Authors: Pruthi Danish , Bansal Rachit , Dhingra Bhuwan , Soares Livio Baldini , Collins Michael , Lipton Zachary C. , Neubig Graham , Cohen William W.
Published: April 2022

While many methods purport to explain predictions by highlighting salient features, what aims these explanations serve and how they ought to be evaluated often go unstated. In this work, we introduce a framework to quantify the value of explanations via the accuracy gains that they confer on a student model trained to simulate a teacher model. Crucially, the explanations are available to the student during training, but are not available at test time. Compared with prior proposals, our approach is less easily gamed, enabling principled, automatic, model-agnostic evaluation of attributions. Using our framework, we compare numerous attribution methods for text classification and question answering, and observe quantitative differences that are consistent (to a moderate to high degree) across different student model architectures and learning strategies.1
VILA: Improving Structured Content Extraction from Scientific PDFs Using Visual Layout Groups
Authors: Shen Zejiang , Lo Kyle , Wang Lucy Lu , Kuehl Bailey , Weld Daniel S. , Downey Doug
Published: April 2022

Accurately extracting structured content from PDFs is a critical first step for NLP over scientific papers. Recent work has improved extraction accuracy by incorporating elementary layout information, for example, each token’s 2D position on the page, into language model pretraining. We introduce new methods that explicitly model VIsual LAyout (VILA) groups, that is, text lines or text blocks, to further improve performance. In our I-VILA approach, we show that simply inserting special tokens denoting layout group boundaries into model inputs can lead to a 1.9% Macro F1 improvement in token classification. In the H-VILA approach, we show that hierarchical encoding of layout-groups can result in up to 47% inference time reduction with less than 0.8% Macro F1 loss. Unlike prior layout-aware approaches, our methods do not require expensive additional pretraining, only fine-tuning, which we show can reduce training cost by up to 95%. Experiments are conducted on a newly curated evaluation suite, S2-VLUE, that unifies existing automatically labeled datasets and includes a new dataset of manual annotations covering diverse papers from 19 scientific disciplines. Pre-trained weights, benchmark datasets, and source code are available at https://github.com/allenai/VILA.
Judicial Crisis in Damascus on the Eve of Baybars’s Reform: The Case of the Minor Orphan Girl (651–55/1253–57)
Authors: Sheibani Mariam
Published: April 2022

This essay reconstructs a late-Ayyubid court case in Damascus that was litigated repeatedly between 651/1253 and 655/1257, five years prior to the beginning of Sultan Baybars’s judicial reform in 660/1262. The case involved the marriage of a minor orphan girl. The Shāfiʿī chief justice of Damascus initially permitted the marriage but later instructed his deputy judge to annul it, a move that outraged jurists and elicited a transregional debate. I reconstruct the case proceedings and ensuing controversies primarily from an unpublished treatise by Abū Shāma al-Maqdisī (d. 665/1268), which is partly corroborated by contemporaneous fatwas and historical chronicles. The case illustrates that pre-reform Ayyubid courts lacked the coherent jurisprudence and institutional oversight that might have prevented abuses of power by unscrupulous and inept officials. Although Baybars’s reform has long been recognized as a critical turning point in Islamic legal history, this case exposes the social and institutional dilemmas that the reform sought to address.
Learned law in late medieval Netherlandish practice: Consilia for the congregation of Windesheim (ca. 1415-1500)
Authors: Druwé Wouter
Published: April 2022

The Historical Centre of Overijssel in Zwolle and the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels each conserve a fifteenth-century manuscript collection of legal and moral theological sources, written for the general chapter of the Augustinian canons regular of Windesheim. Both collections contain many ‘consilia’ by learned lawyers, several of whom were active in the prince-bishopric of Liège, at the universities of Paris or Cologne, or – especially – as professors of civil or canon law at the young university of Leuven. These manuscripts have already been the subject of a prosopographical analysis, but so far their content has not been studied. This article provides a substantive analysis of both collections. Topics include many disputes concerning the law of religious communities or regarding the congregation of Windesheim’s relationship to the diocesan bishops, the secular clergy and secular authorities. The volumes also cover diverse fields of the law of succession, contracts or delict.
Arguments related to slavery in seventeenth century Dutch legal theory
Authors: van Nifterik Gustaaf
Published: April 2022

The Dutch participated fully in the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The Dutch colonies, it was said, could not do without enslaved workers. But in the Dutch Provinces people were free; the Dutch were freedom loving Christian people. This articles sketches the legal arguments used by the seventeenth century Dutch jurists regarding slavery, and some slavery related topics as freedom and property. It appears that the pro-slavery arguments were so strong that a profound legal discussion among the jurists on the legitimacy of the institution was considered superfluous.
OK Computer? The digital turn in legal history: a methodological retrospective
Authors: Volkaert Florenz
Published: April 2022

This article reviews some of the main debates on methodology in legal history since the Second World War, engages in a dialogue with the social sciences and finally discusses the digital turn in law and legal history, focusing on network analysis.
Solomon blindfolded
Authors: Wijffels Alain
Published: April 2022

Yvon Le Gall’s collected studies on the concept and representation of kingship in France, from the Middle Ages until modern times, investigate key moments in the history of criminal justice, and in the ascent and ebbing away of the king’s figure at the heart of sovereignty and public governance in French political history. The studies are based on a wide range of documents and works of art, linking central themes of legal and constitutional history to cultural history.
Abdominal Sarcoidosis Mimicking Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Favors Lauren , Koffron Julie
Published: April 2022

Sarcoidosis is a chronic, granulomatous, autoinflammatory disease that affects different parts of the body. Pulmonary manifestations are described in the majority of cases, with pancreatic involvement being <1-5%. The initial reports of pancreatic sarcoidosis were detected on autopsy. A review of the literature revealed that the majority of patients with pancreatic sarcoidosis initially presented with a clinical presentation identical to pancreatic malignancy. We describe the case of a male with a history of chronic pancreatitis and alcoholism who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy given the concern for pancreatic denocarcinoma, and was found to have isolated pancreatic sarcoidosis. This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing the etiology of pancreatic masses pre-operatively leading to the majority of cases getting definitive diagnosis after operative exploration. We suggest that there needs to be further delineation of this disease process in order to determine the best treatment options for patients presenting with pancreatic disease.
Carbon Nanoparticles for Thyroidectomy and Central Lymph Node Dissection for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang Rong-jia , Chen Yu-lu , Deng Xian , Yang Hui
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To evaluate whether the application of carbon nanoparticles (CNs) in total or near-total thyroidectomy combined with central lymph node dissection (CLND) for thyroid cancer (TC) is beneficial to lymph node dissection, parathyroid, and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) protection.

Methods

Relevant literatures were systematically searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Databases until March 31, 2021. All analyses were performed using Revman Manager 5.3 software. The main results were the number of central lymph nodes, the number of central metastatic lymph nodes, accidental parathyroidectomy, postoperative hypoparathyroidism, postoperative hypocalcemia, and postoperative transient RLN paralysis.

Results

This meta-analysis identified 4 randomized controlled trials and 8 non-randomized controlled trials comprising 1870 patients. Compared with the control, the use of CNs was helpful to dissect more central lymph nodes (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.12-4.98, P < .00001) and central metastatic lymph nodes (WMD: 1.69, 95% CI:1.31-2.08, P < .00001), lower rate of accidental parathyroidectomy (odds ratio [OR]: .33, 95% CI: .23-.47, P < .00001), lower rate of both postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism (OR: .40, 95% CI: .31-.51, P < .00001), and transient hypocalcemia (OR: .37, 95% CI: .27-.51, P < .00001). However, there were no statistical difference between the groups for postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR: .29, 95% CI: .06-1.28, P = .10), postoperative permanent hypocalcemia (OR: .94, 95% CI: .10-9.16, P = .96), and postoperative transient RLN paralysis (OR: .66, 95% CI: .40-1.12, P = .12).

Conclusions

The application of CNs in total or near-total thyroidectomy combined with CLND for TC can better dissect the central lymph nodes and protect parathyroid glands (PGs) and their function.
Traumatic Spigelian Hernia in a Pediatric Patient Following a Bicycle Injury
Authors: Kropilak Andrew D. , Sawaya David E.
Published: April 2022

Blunt abdominal trauma due to bicycle accident is a common occurrence in the pediatric population; however, traumatic abdominal wall hernia as the result of blunt trauma is a rare presentation. Abdominal wall injuries can be isolated or associated with multiple intra-abdominal pathologies. A high index of suspicion is essential for prompt intervention, especially when there is concurrent intra-abdominal pathology. We present a case of a traumatic spigelian hernia in a pediatric patient following a handlebar injury with the intraoperative discovery of a bucket-handle type mesenteric injury to the jejunum.
Investigating the effectiveness of an adapted professional development model in the adoption of school wellness initiatives
Authors: Pattison Krista , Costigan Heather , Keller Chelsea , Sekhar Deepa
Published: April 2022

Objective:

This study investigated the efficacy of a two-component professional development approach to improving school wellness in Pennsylvania secondary schools.

Design:

Circle of Wellness (CoW), a year-long, two-phase programme, involved providing Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) workshops to Pennsylvania school staff and administrators, followed by personalised technical assistance to facilitate the implementation of wellness initiatives.

Setting:

The workshops were provided in-person, with follow-up technical assistance (e.g. phone calls, zoom meetings, real-time editing sessions via Google Drive) delivered remotely.

Method:

Workshops featured expert presentations, activity stations, and physical resources to meet all 10 components of the WSCC model. After workshop completion, research staff provided support to promote school staff adoption of a wellness action plan grounded in WSCC components. Participants then completed post-programme evaluations rating satisfaction and success with the implementation of their action plans.

Results:

In a final programme evaluation, 70% of the respondents reported bringing about healthy changes as a result of participating in the CoW programme ( n = 28). In addition, 100% of the school representatives reported that attending the workshop and participating in the programme were a worthwhile experience ( n = 40).

Conclusion:

Professional development opportunities such as the CoW, which includes follow-up guidance and resources, were well received by school staff, and the understanding gained through participation in such programmes contributed to the sustainability of wellness initiatives.
Food Security among Kandhas of Kandhamal, Odisha, India: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Samal Rashmi Rekha , Mishra Srijit
Published: April 2022

Given the global commitment to zero hunger and in the backdrop of Asian enigma, this paper looks into nutritional deprivation among Kandhas, a tribal community from Odisha, India. Based on fieldwork during a harvest period, the pervasive household-specific and nutrient-specific deprivation is intriguing. An inverse relationship between the number of nutrient deficiencies and the number of food groups consumed is observed. Food intake among pregnant and lactating mothers at homes is lower than that at Maa Gruha, a care facility. The fieldwork coincides with the initial days of a millets intervention and could serve as a baseline for future comparison.
Dynamic behaviour of flax fibre-reinforced polymer pipes subjected to harmonic excitation
Authors: Firouzsalari Saeed Eyvazinejad , Dizhur Dmytro , Jayaraman Krishnan , Ingham Jason
Published: April 2022

Substitution of flax fibres for synthetic fibres in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has recently been considered an effective step towards achieving more sustainable industrial practices, enabled by the fact that flax fibre has mechanical properties that are comparable to that for glass fibre. Three flax FRP (FFRP) pipes with the same length and internal diameter but having variations in the wall thickness were manufactured. The pipes had a fixed end and had a free end and were tested for 54 harmonic excitations with various dynamic properties when the pipes were buried or were unburied. The effect of shaking frequency, peak ground acceleration, wall thickness and soil cover on the dynamic response of the FFRP pipes was investigated. Finite element modelling was also used to verify the experimental results and to study the pipe behaviour when subjected to harmonic excitations. Results showed that while for the unburied pipes, the maximum pipe strain occurred at the cross-section next to the fixed end; for buried pipes, the largest strain developed at various cross-sections along the pipe length.
Emerging adults’ cultural values, prosocial behaviors, and mental health in 14 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Padilla-Walker Laura M. , Van der Graaff Jolien , Workman Katey , Carlo Gustavo , Branje Susan , Carrizales Alexia , Gerbino Maria , Gülseven Zehra , Hawk Skyler T. , Luengo Kanacri Paula , Mesurado Belén , Samper-García Paula , Shen Yuh-Ling , Taylor Laura K. , Trach Jessica , van Zalk Maarten H. W. , Žukauskienė Rita
Published: April 2022

Evidence suggests an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, particularly among emerging adults. However, theories on altruism born of suffering or adversarial growth suggest that we might also see prosocial behavior as a function of the pandemic, which may protect against mental health challenges. Because cultural values are central in determining prosocial behavior, the current study explored how cultural values were differentially associated with adaptive prosocial behaviors that might protect against mental health challenges. Participants for the current study included 5,682 young people aged 18–25 years from 14 different countries around the world (68% female, 62% college students). Path analyses suggested that there were few differences in patterns as a function of culture, but revealed that horizontal individualism and horizontal and vertical collectivism were indirectly associated with lower levels of depression via prosocial behavior toward family members. Discussion focuses on the importance of coping by strengthening family relationships via prosocial behavior during the pandemic.
It’s about time: An examination of the importance of timing on positivity of preservice music educators’ teaching reflections
Authors: Killian Janice N , Henninger Jacqueline C , Williams Blair A
Published: April 2022

“We do not learn from experience. . .we learn from reflecting on experience” (Dewey, 1933). Building on the theoretical frameworks of Dewey and Schön involving reflective practice, we expanded existent reflective research by examining timing of preservice music educators’ self-reflections after peer teaching. We examined reflection timing (immediately after peer teaching or after viewing video of that same teaching), effect of differing prompts immediately following teaching (free: “How did the lesson go?” or structured: “Name one good thing and one area to improve”), and changes over time (three peer teaching experiences). We examined 5,175 comments from 138 reflections across 69 lessons taught by 23 pre-service educators. Results, analyzed in terms of pre-determined categories, revealed that teachers were consistently less positive immediately after teaching than after viewing video. Positivity was well below 50% but increased across each lesson. Responses were primarily self-focused rather than student focused, especially immediately after teaching. Teachers tended to emphasize social aspects (confidence, atmosphere) during immediate reflections but mentioned music and instruction more frequently after viewing video. Descriptive data, consisting of percentages and graphic comparisons, were discussed in terms of implications for effective teacher preparation and suggested areas of further research.
Adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking following the use of magic mushrooms
Authors: Kopra Emma I , Ferris Jason A , Winstock Adam R , Young Allan H , Rucker James J
Published: April 2022

Background:

Psilocybin-containing mushrooms are used for recreational, spiritual, self-development and therapeutic purposes. However, physiologically relatively nontoxic, adverse reactions are occasionally reported.

Aims:

This study investigated the 12-month prevalence and nature of magic mushroom-related adverse reactions resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking in a global sample of people reporting magic mushroom use.

Methods:

We use data from the 2017 Global Drug Survey – a large anonymous online survey on patterns of drug use conducted between November 2016 and January 2017.

Results:

Out of 9233 past year magic mushroom users, 19 (0.2%) reported having sought emergency medical treatment, with a per-event risk estimate of 0.06%. Young age was the only predictor associated with higher risk of emergency medical presentations. The most common symptoms were psychological, namely anxiety/panic and paranoia/suspiciousness. Poor ‘mindset’, poor ‘setting’ and mixing substances were most reported reasons for incidents. All but one respondent returned back to normality within 24 h.

Conclusions:

The results confirm psilocybin mushrooms are a relatively safe drug, with serious incidents rare and short lasting. Providing harm-reduction information likely plays a key role in preventing adverse effects. More research is needed to examine the detailed circumstances and predictors of adverse reactions including rarer physiological reactions.
Effectiveness of continuous femoral nerve block for pain relief after total knee arthroplasty: comparison with epidural patient-controlled analgesia and periarticular injection
Authors: Kim Myung Ku , Ko Sang Hyun , Hwang Yoon Joong , Kwon Dae Gyu , Jeon Yoon Sang , Ryu Dong Jin
Published: April 2022

Objective

To compare the clinical outcomes among three analgesic techniques, continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB), epidural patient-controlled analgesia (EPCA) and periarticular injection (PAI), in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

This retrospective case–control study enrolled patients that underwent TKA. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, sleep disturbance, additional opioid consumption and incidence of opioid-related side-effects were assessed.

Results

A total of 120 patients were categorized into three groups: EPCA (group A, n = 40), PAI (group B, n = 40) and CFNB (group C, n = 40). Group C had significantly lower VAS pain scores than groups A and B at 8, 12 and 24 h after TKA. There were no significant differences in VAS pain scores among the three groups from 48 h after TKA. Sleep quality on the first day after surgery was significantly better in group C than in groups A and B. Additional opioid consumption was significantly lower in the group C than in the groups A and B. Group C showed a lower rate of opioid-related side-effects than groups A and B.

Conclusion

CFNB was a more effective additional analgesic technique than EPCA or PAI for acute postoperative pain control within 24 h of TKA.
Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort
Authors: Walbi Ismail A. , Albarqi Hassan A. , Alghanim Nayef Saleh , Albadi Marzooq Abdullah , Al Maimouni Hesham Mohammed , Alkahtani Saad Ahmed , Alshabi Ali Mohamed , Alali Amer S. , Alqahtani Faleh , Al-Najjar Amal Hassan , Hazzazi Mohammad A , Alanazi Deemah S , Sabei Abdulrahman Abdulaziz , Alsaweed Omer S , Alajra Rahaf K , Alqhtani Hussain
Published: April 2022

Objective

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of its reported anti-viral activity. This study examined the association of chronic HCQ use with the incidence and complications of COVID-19.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included adults with rheumatoid arthritis and/or systemic lupus erythematosus who visited rheumatology clinics in three tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2019 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into two groups based on HCQ use. Data were obtained from the electronic health record and by interviews with patients. The primary study objective was the incidence of COVID-19 and its complications from March 2020 to February 2021.

Results

Almost 11% of the study cohort was positive for COVID-19, and the incidence of COVID-19 was similar between HCQ users (11.11%) and nonusers (10.86%). Disease complication rates were similar in the study arms, and they mainly included fever, dry cough, fatigue, and breathing difficulty.

Conclusions

This study revealed no significant association between chronic HCQ use and the incidence of COVID-19, and disease complications were similar in the study arms.
Rheopheresis: A narrative review
Authors: Kosmadakis George
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Rheopheresis is an extracorporal selective double-filtration procedure with an initial separation of plasma from the whole blood and a further filtration of the plasma through a second filter in order to eliminate a certain number of high molecular weight proteins such LDL, Lp(a), fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin, Factor von Willebrand, and IgM Immunoglobulin.

Methods:

In this narrative review we discuss the available data on the effects of Rheopheresis in various clinical conditions.

Results:

Rheopheresis is considerd to exert a rapid effect on clinical conditions associated with seriously affected microcirculation and rheologic parameters such as, the dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHS), peripheral artery disease (PAD), calciphylaxis, systemic sclerosis and diabetic foot.

Conclusions:

Rheopheresis is a promising technique for conditions associated with affected microcirculatory rheologic parameters
Evodiamine suppresses the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Li Yuting , Wang Yuming , Wang Xiaoqun , Jin Lulu , Yang Lu , Zhu Jinli , Wang Hongwu , Zheng Fang , Cui Huantian , Li Xiaojiang , Jia Yingjie
Published: April 2022

Background

Evodiamine (EVO) is one of the major components isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.). Recent studies have shown that EVO has an anti-cancer effect. However, the pharmacological mechanism by which EVO impacts cancer is still poorly understood.

Objectives

This study focused on asking the anti-cancer effect of EVO in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and in particular to investigate whether EVO acts via modulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis pathway.

Materials and Methods

A Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mouse model was treated with low-dose EVO (5 mg/kg) and high-dose EVO (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 d. The effects of EVO on tumor growth, apoptosis, and ERS were assessed. In addition, NSCLC A549 and LLC cells were treated with EVO in vitro. The effects of EVO on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ERS were investigated. Finally, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ERS inhibitor, was used to validate whether EVO induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by modulating ERS.

Results

EVO treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in LLC tumor-bearing mice. H&E staining indicated that EVO treatment reduced the number of tumor cells and the nucleo-plasmic ratio. Immunostaining showed that EVO treatment significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67. TUNEL staining revealed that EVO induced apoptosis in the tumor. Likewise, EVO treatment up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins and increased activation of the ERS pathway in the tumor. Additionally, EVO inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptotic rates in A549 and LLC cells. EVO also increased the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway in vitro. The effects of EVO on apoptosis were abolished by 4-PBA treatment.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that EVO suppresses the progression of NSCLC by modulating the ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway.
Modernizing Competition Policy and Law: The Impact of Marketing Developments on the Legal Treatment of Price Maintenance in the United States, the European Union, and China
Authors: Krotz Riley T. , Gundlach Gregory T. , Moss Diana L.
Published: April 2022

Competition policy and law toward price maintenance (e.g., resale price maintenance, unilateral price policies, minimum advertised prices) draws on scholarly perspectives and theory developed over a half century ago. Since that time, changes to marketing practice have caused scholars to question the practical relevance of the perspectives and theory and to call for the modernization of competition policy and law toward price maintenance. Responding to these calls, the authors examine three important developments in contemporary marketing practice and assess their impact on the legal treatment of price maintenance in the three largest economies: the United States, the European Union, and China. Their analysis reveals significant differences in how each jurisdiction is responding to (1) increasing market concentration and accompanying shifts in interfirm power, (2) advances in information technology and the commercial use of the internet, and (3) developments in cross-channel shopping and the rise of omnichannel distribution. Their findings pose implications for future public policy, marketing practice, and academic scholarship and contribute to the modernization of competition policy and law.
Race-based data collection among COVID-19 inpatients: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Lu Clara , Tago Achieng , Olaiya Oluwatobi , Verhovsek Madeleine
Published: April 2022

Public health data have demonstrated disproportionate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among racialized populations. However, limited hospital data may prevent research into racial disproportionality among inpatients. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients admitted with or without COVID-19 to an Ontario tertiary hospital between March and October 2020 to determine the percentage of inpatients with a formal race or ethnicity assessment in their medical record. The COVID-19 group included inpatients with concurrent COVID-19 positivity; the reference group included a random sample of General Medicine inpatients without COVID-19. We reviewed 80 patients with COVID-19 and 80 patients without COVID-19. Formal ethnicity assessments were recorded among 44% of the COVID-19 group and 49% of the reference group. Race and ethnicity data collection was less than 50% among inpatients with and without COVID-19 in one Ontario hospital. Adequate data collection is necessary to study racial health disparities in the hospital setting.
Trends in risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections among youth presenting to a sexually transmitted infection clinic in the United States, 2013–2017
Authors: Rusley Jack C , Tao Jun , Koinis-Mitchell Daphne , Rosenthal Alex E , Montgomery Madeline C , Nunez Hector , Chan Philip A
Published: April 2022

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYA) across the United States. However, data are scarce on trends in condom use, number of partners, and other STI risk factors among AYA. The present study evaluated associations between sexual behaviors and STI diagnoses over time among AYA. Methods: We evaluated linked encounters of AYA aged 13–26 attending an urban Northeast public STI clinic from 2013–2017. Demographics, risk behaviors, self-reported past year and lifetime STI, and STI diagnosis during clinic encounter (positive test for urine, oral, or anal chlamydia; urine, oral, or anal gonorrhea; urine trichomonas; HIV; and syphilis) were extracted from electronic health records. We estimated prevalence and performed trend analyses of the repeated cross-sectional data. Cochran–Armitage and Kruskal–Wallis trend test were conducted for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: Among 3822 encounters, clinical STIs demonstrated statistically significant increases including chlamydia (+9%, p = 0.001), gonorrhea (+5%, p = 0.008), and syphilis (+3%, p = 0.006) all of which significantly increased over time, as did any STI (+10%, p < 0.001). HIV and trichomonas rates remained low and unchanged. Self-reported STI increased as well, both past year (+9%) and lifetime (+14%). Greater proportions of AYA reported multiple partners (+9%, p < 0.001), and condomless oral (+12%, p = 0.001) and vaginal/anal (+7%, p = 0.001) sex. Conclusion: Among AYA presenting to a STI clinic, the proportion who engaged in condomless sex and had multiple partners increased over a 5 year period, which corresponded to increased STI prevalence during this period. Preventions efforts for AYA should continue to emphasize the importance of condoms and partner selection.
Self-sampling for cervical screening offered at the point of invitation: A cross-sectional study of preferences in England
Authors: Drysdale Hannah , Marlow Laura AV , Lim Anita , Sasieni Peter , Waller Jo
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study assessed preferences for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling if offered as an alternative to clinician-based screening at the point of invitation for cervical screening.

Setting and Methods

An online questionnaire was completed by screening-eligible women living in England (n = 3672). Logistic regressions explored associations between demographic characteristics and screening preferences, stratified by previous screening attendance. Reasons for preferences were also assessed.

Results

Half of participants (51.4%) intended to choose self-sampling, 36.5% preferred clinician screening, 10.5% were unsure, and <2% preferred no screening. More irregular and never attenders chose self-sampling, compared with regular attenders (71.1% and 70.1% vs. 41.0% respectively). Among regular attenders, self-sampling was preferred more frequently by the highest occupational grade, older and lesbian, gay and bisexual women, and those with experience of blood self-tests. In the irregular attender group, older women and those with experience of blood self-tests were more likely to choose self-sampling. In ‘never attenders’, self-sampling was less popular in ethnic minority groups.

Conclusions

If offered a choice of screening, around half of women in England may choose self-sampling, but a substantial proportion would still opt for clinician screening. Screening providers will need to manage a high take-up of self-sampling if many regular attenders switch to self-sampling.
Strategic change at the Hospital Saint-Jacques at Le Roeulx (Belgium), from the account book of Sister Magdelaine Delcourt
Authors: Edouard Felix Eddy , Parkinson John
Published: April 2022

Prior to going on Crusade in 1202, Baldwin, bailiff of Le Roeulx, gave his house and associated income to found a hospital in the hope of saving his immortal soul. The original objective of the hospital was to sustain the poor and pilgrims (especially those undertaking the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in Northern Spain (the Camino)). However, few pilgrims availed themselves of its facilities. The mission was then revised to look after the poor and to shelter the sick. By the seventeenth century augustine sisters of Ath administered the hospital. Sister Magdelaine Delcourt, the nun in charge, left us an account and information, covering the period 1625 to 1627. This gives a vivid picture of the financial and other affairs of the organisation for that period. The archaic nature of this record makes it largely inaccessible to the modern reader: this article renders it legible to current researchers.
Mapping Racial Capital: Gentrification, Race and Value in Three Chicago Neighborhoods
Authors: Mumm Jesse , Sternberg Carolina
Published: April 2022

We interrogate the interrelations of race and gentrification in three Chicago neighborhoods of historical significance to Black, Mexican, and Puerto Rican residents. Our previous work indicates that historical legacies of structural racism mean that gentrification works differently in each area, although the extant literature has not directly addressed how race fuels local valuation regimes. For each neighborhood we provide GIS mapping of 30 years of property parcel data and Census block data on race, compared with a parcel level visual scan of material conditions in the built environment. Changes in value at the block level reveal value assigned to whiteness irrespective of material improvement and run counter to standard explanations of gentrification but closely align with a model of racial capitalism. We bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative research by mapping the everyday life of racial change that is felt and known by residents of color in Chicago.
A theoretical scheme for shape-programming of thin hyperelastic plates through differential growth
Authors: Wang Jiong , Li Zhanfeng , Jin Zili
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a theoretical scheme is proposed for shape-programming of thin hyperelastic plates through differential growth. First, starting from the 3D governing system of a hyperelastic (neo-Hookean) plate, a consistent finite-strain plate equation system is formulated through a series expansion and truncation approach. Based on the plate equation system, the problem of shape-programming is studied under the stress-free assumption. By equating the stress components in the plate equations to be zero, the explicit relations between the growth functions and the geometrical quantities of target shape of the plate are derived. Then, a theoretical scheme of shape-programming is proposed, which can be used to identify the growth fields corresponding to arbitrary 3D shapes of the plate. To demonstrate the efficiency of the scheme, some typical examples are studied. The predicted growth functions in these examples are adopted in the numerical simulations, from which the target shapes of the plate can be recovered completely. The scheme of shape-programming proposed in the current work is applicable for manufacturing intelligent soft devices.