bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern component modeling: A flexible approach for understanding the representational structure of brain activity patterns
Authors: Diedrichsen Jörn , Yokoi Atsushi , Arbuckle Spencer A.
Published: March 2017

Representational models specify how complex patterns of neural activity relate to visual stimuli, motor actions, or abstract thoughts. Here we review pattern component modeling (PCM), a practical Bayesian approach for evaluating such models. Similar to encoding models, PCM evaluates the ability of models to predict novel brain activity patterns. In contrast to encoding models, however, the activity of individual voxels across conditions (activity profiles) are not directly fitted. Rather, PCM integrates over all possible activity profiles and computes the marginal likelihood of the data under the activity profile distribution specified by the representational model. By using an analytical expression for the marginal likelihood, PCM allows the fitting of flexible representational models, in which the relative strength and form of the encoded features can be estimated from the data. We discuss here a number of different forms with which such flexible representational models can be specified, and how models of different complexity can be compared. We then provide a number of practical examples from our recent work in motor control, ranging from fixed models to more complex non-linear models of brain representations. The code for the fitting and cross-validation of representational models is provided in a open-source Matlab toolbox.
Alternative miRNAs: Human sequences misidentified as plant miRNAs in plant studies and in human plasma
Authors: Witwer Kenneth W.
Published: March 2017

A recent study reported that “Plant miRNAs found in human circulating system provide evidences of cross kingdom RNAi” 1. Analysis of two human blood plasma sequencing datasets was said to provide evidence for uptake of plant miRNAs into human plasma. The results were also purportedly inconsistent with contamination 1. However, a review of these data suggests that they do not support dietary xenomiR uptake, but instead confirm previous findings that detection of rare plant miRNAs in mammalian sequencing datasets is artifactual. Only one putative plant miRNA (“peu-MIR2910) in this study mapped consistently above background, and this sequence is found in a human rRNA. Several other rarer but consistently mapped plant miRNAs also have 100% or near 100% matches to human transcripts or genomic sequences, and some do not map to plant genomes at all. These misidentified “alternative miRNAs”—including MIR2910 and MIR2911—emphasize the need for rigorous filtering strategies when assessing possible xenomiRNAs.
Comparison between the effect of 6 weeks of morning or evening aerobic exercise on appetite and anthropometric indices: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alizadeh Z. , Younespour S. , Rajabian Tabesh M. , Haghravan S.
Published: March 2017

Several studies have shown that exercise is directly related to creating negative energy balance and changes in appetite. However, few studies have examined the effect of exercise time during the day on these factors. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of 6 weeks of morning and evening aerobic exercise on appetite and anthropometric indices. A total of 48 overweight females were recruited to this clinical trial. By the time of exercise, they were divided into two groups (morning or evening) and performed 6 weeks of exercise with a target heart rate on the ventilatory threshold. Appetite change, calorie intake and anthropometric indices were assessed. Consistent changes in appetite scores were not found during the 6 weeks (P > 0.05). Calorie consumption of the morning group decreased significantly more than that of the evening group (P = 0.02) during the 6 weeks. In addition, significant changes in body weight, body mass index, abdominal skin fold thickness and abdominal circumference were seen in the morning group. It appears that moderate‐ to high‐intensity aerobic exercise in the morning could be considered a more effective programme than evening exercise on appetite control, calorie intake and weight loss in inactive overweight women. However, the limitations of the study, such as short‐term duration, should be noticed.
Influence of severe drought on the resistance of Pinus yunnanensis to a bark beetle‐associated fungus
Authors: Gao X. , Zhou X. , Wang H. , Kong X. , Zhang S. , Wang Z. , Wu W. , Zhang Z. , Lieutier F.
Published: March 2017

Research on tree response to pest attacks under drought and heat stress is crucial for predicting the effect of climate change on forest pests and tree health. In this work, we studied the influence of severe water stress on the resistance of Pinus yunnanensis to inoculations of Grosmannia yunnanensis, a pathogenic fungus associated with the aggressive bark beetle, Tomicus yunnanensis. Experiments were performed in two plots, one located at the top of a hill and the other at the foot of a hill, in Xiaojiu, Yunnan, China, from May to September 2010 and March to April 2012. Measurements of soil and needle water content and predawn needle water potentials confirmed that severe droughts occurred during these periods. Maximum water stress intensity even occurred in 2010 during the typical rainy season. Following low‐density inoculations, the reaction zone length and fungal growth were measured in the phloem. Sapwood blue staining and total sapwood occlusion were quantified following fungal mass inoculations. Our results suggest that severe water stress has a negative impact on a tree's resistance to G. yunnanensis. By comparing our results to previous work performed from 1997 to 1999 on the same tree species, and in the same locality under mild water stress, we concluded that drought had opposite effects on tree resistance above and below a certain threshold of predawn needle water potential. The threshold, corresponded to maximum efficiency for tree defence mechanisms, was visible in our results, and was estimated to be approximately ‐1.1 MPa to ‐1.2 MPa for P. yunnanensis under local conditions. We suggest that the existence of such a threshold of water stress intensity may be viable for any conifer undergoing biotic aggressions and, specifically, bark beetle attacks.
Impact of a Longitudinal Lecture Series on Pre-dental Student Recruitment
Authors: Shapiro Jonathan , Lee Cameron , Park Sang E.
Published: March 2017

The expanding number of dental schools has not resulted in a rise in dental school applications; therefore, there is a need to identify and retain pre-dental students in the applicant pool. One way to do this is to introduce an outreach program by dental schools. A limited number of studies have been done on the impact of outreach programs on dental school recruitment.This study was done to examine the effectiveness of an outreach program initiated at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM). Third- and fourth-year dental students provided 12 hours of lectures, two hours of case-based learning, and two hours of hands-on laboratory experience to pre-dental students over 12 weeks in a course called Introduction to Dentistry. The course was given in 2015 and 2016 and the participants were surveyed before and after the course to determine their interest in and knowledge of dentistry, and their attitude toward HSDM. After the course, pre-dental students had better understanding of the dental profession overall, were more comfortable conversing about dentistry, and were more likely to apply to HSDM in the future.Dental outreach programs can maintain or increase interest in applicants who were previously interested in applying to dental school; however, admissions committees must carefully consider an applicant’s entire academic and personal background. Participation in an outreach program is not an indication of an applicant’s overall suitability for dentistry in general or for a particular dental school’s program.
The Impact of Hand Grip Strength Exercises on the Target Shooting Accuracy Score for Archers
Authors: Sezer Süreyya Yonca
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of hand grip strength exercises on the target shooting accuracy score for male archers. Thirty male archers (n1=15, 19.85±1.35, n2=15 19.71±1.31) ranging 18-20 years old were included in our study from the archery team of the city of Elazig, department of youth sports.The experiment group has been through our exercise program one hour/day, three days/week for a duration of 12 weeks. Same tests and measurements (age, height, weight, heart beat rate at rest, heart beat rate at exercise, hand grip strength, sit-up, pull-up, push-up, target shooting accuracy test) have been performed for assessment during the week before and during the week after the exercise program.Kruskal Wallis H test and t test are used to analyze the variation in the strength test results. Regression analysis is used to study the impact of strength exercises on the target shooting accuracy scores. Statistically, we observe that the hand strength grip exercise performed on the experiment group has significant impact on the hand grip strengths (before exercise 63.21±5.81, after exercise 75.12±5.80) (p=0,001) and the target shooting accuracy scores (before exercise 58.21±4.72, after exercise 69.12±3.24) (p=0,001).Finaly, we can conclude that the hand grip strength and its exercise have significant value in archery and that hand grip strength exercise is one of the factors that improve the target shooting accuracy scores positively.
The Impact of Art Education Program on the Social Skills of Preschool Children
Authors: Yazıcı Elçin
Published: March 2017

The current study was carried out to determine the effect of art education program on the social skills of preschool children at the age of 61-72 months attending to a kindergarten. The working group of the research was made up of 51 children in total, as experiment group (n: 26) and control group (n: 25). An experiment design with a pre/post-test control group was used in the study in order to investigate the effect of “Art Education Program” on the social skills of children at the age of 61-72 months. Also, “Social Skills Evaluation Scale/ SSES” was used in the research. In the experiment group, “Art Education Program” was applied about 40 minutes-one hour in three week days for eight weeks in total. As a result of the statistical analysis of the data, it was found that “Art Education Program” applied had an effect in favour of experiment group depending on the mean scores of the children both in experiment and control group with regard to their social skills.
Using Films in Vocabulary Teaching of Turkish as a Foreign Language
Authors: İşcan Adem
Published: March 2017

The use and utility of auditory and visual tools in language teaching is a common practice. Films constitute one of the tools. It has been found that using films in language teaching is also effective in the development of vocabulary of foreign language learners. The literature review reveals that while films are used in foreign language teaching and there are many studies in this subject, very few studies have been done in our country and this is not enough. In this study, the development of Turkish vocabulary of foreign students through films has been discussed. Examples of activities aimed at the development of reading skills through films that teachers can use in foreign language are presented.
A new genus and two new species of Pygmephoridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associated with Trinervitermes trinervoides (Isoptera: Termitidae) from South Africa
Authors: Khaustov Alexander , Hugo-Coetzee Elizabeth , Ermilov Sergey
Published: March 2017

A new genus of pygmephorid mites, Micropygmephorus gen. nov. (Acari: Pygmephoroidea: Pygmephoridae), and two new species, M. pusillus sp. nov. and M. heterotrichus sp. nov. are described from  nests of and phoretic on termites, Trinervitermes trinervoides (Sjöstedt, 1911) (Isoptera: Termitidae), from South Africa. The taxonomic position of the new genus is discussed.
Evaluation of blood metabolites reflects presence or absence of liver abscesses in beef cattle
Authors: Macdonald Alaina G C , Bourgon Stéphanie L , Palme Rupert , Miller Stephen P , Montanholi Yuri R
Published: March 2017

Liver abscesses constitute a prominent concern regarding animal health and profitability of the beef industry. Our objective was to evaluate potential biliary and blood indicators of liver abscesses. Twenty‐nine beef bulls (initially averaging 356±70.5 kg and 253±30 days of age) were fed a high‐concentrate diet during a performance test of 112 days, during which blood was collected at nine time points spaced 0.5–13 days apart within 56 days before slaughter. At the abattoir, blood and bile were collected and livers were inspected for liver abscesses. Results indicated that liver abscesses are associated with elevated levels of plasma cortisol and aspartate aminotransferase, and decreased levels of albumin, cholesterol and testosterone over the period before slaughter. Based on the blood samples collected during exsanguination, the presence of liver abscesses was associated with lower concentrations of thyroxine, albumin, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase, and is suggested to be associated with lower blood carbon dioxide (P=0.08) and lower biliary cortisol metabolites (P=0.07). Albumin and cholesterol are established indicators of hepatic function and are consistently related to the presence of liver abscesses. Identifying blood parameters that predict liver abscesses has practical implications for cattle husbandry and for ensuring food safety.
Linking spawning ground extent to environmental factors — patterns and dispersal during the egg phase of four North Sea fishes
Authors: Höffle Hannes , Van Damme Cindy J.G. , Fox Clive , Lelièvre Stéphanie , Loots Christophe , Nash Richard D.M. , Vaz Sandrine , Wright Peter J. , Munk Peter
Published: March 2017

Previous studies have shown that four commercially important demersal species, namely Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), and European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), spawn in distinct areas across the North Sea. Based on two comprehensive ichthyoplankton surveys in 2004 and 2009, the present study uses generalized additive mixed models to delimit these spawning grounds using the distribution of recently spawned eggs, investigates their relationship to specific environmental conditions, and examines egg dispersal during their development. Results indicate that presence–absence of early stage eggs is more related to temporal and topographic variables, while egg densities are closely linked with hydrography. Egg distribution patterns were relatively consistent during development and only changed near hatching. Compared with historic observations, the location of the spawning grounds appeared stable on the broad scale but centres of egg abundance varied between the surveyed years. Potential effects of long-term climate change and anthropogenic short-term disturbances, such as seismic surveys, on fish reproduction are discussed, pointing out the demand for multispecies studies on these issues.
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Wideband DNG Metamaterial with the Absorber Application in Microwave X-Band
Authors: Mahmood Ahmed , Ögücü Yetkin Gölge , Sabah Cumali
Published: March 2017

A novel metamaterial, which exhibits a wideband double negative behavior in X-band, is proposed, designed, and investigated in this paper. The metamaterial is composed of modified S-shaped split-ring resonators (S-SRR). The periodic structure is designed and simulated using CST MWs. Next, the experiments are carried out, and it is shown that the simulation and the experimental results agree well and the designed structure has a wide bandwidth in X-band. An absorber application of this metamaterial is also provided, and the structure can be used as an absorber with absorption rate of over 80% for the polarization angles between 0° and 40°.
Interrelationship between Sleep and Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dolezal Brett A. , Neufeld Eric V. , Boland David M. , Martin Jennifer L. , Cooper Christopher B.
Published: March 2017

Although a substantial body of literature has explored the relationship between sleep and exercise, comprehensive reviews and definitive conclusions about the impact of exercise interventions on sleep are lacking. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2013 and March 2017. Studies were included if they possessed either objective or subjective measures of sleep and an exercise intervention that followed the guidelines recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-four studies met these inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies concluded that exercise improved sleep quality or duration; however, four found no difference and one reported a negative impact of exercise on sleep. Study results varied most significantly due to participants’ age, health status, and the mode and intensity of exercise intervention. Mixed findings were reported for children, adolescents, and young adults. Interventions conducted with middle-aged and elderly adults reported more robust results. In these cases, exercise promoted increased sleep efficiency and duration regardless of the mode and intensity of activity, especially in populations suffering from disease. Our review suggests that sleep and exercise exert substantial positive effects on one another; however, to reach a true consensus, the mechanisms behind these observations must first be elucidated.
Factors Contributing to Long-Term Severe Visual Impairment in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Jongkhajornpong Passara , Lekhanont Kaevalin , Siriyotha Sukanya , Kanokrungsee Silada , Chuckpaiwong Varintorn
Published: March 2017

Purpose. To study the correlation between demographics and clinical variables and long-term severe visual impairment in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).Methods. A retrospective chart review of SJS/TEN patients between 2004 and 2014 was conducted. Demographics, causative agents, ocular manifestations, and visual outcomes were collected. The data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results. Of the 89 patients including SJS (65, 73.03%), TEN (15, 16.85%), and SJS-TEN overlap (9, 10.11%), 55 were female. The mean age was 41.58 ± 19.17 years. The most common identified agents were medications. Among these groups, antibiotics were the most prevalent (47.19%). Three patients (3.7%) had unknown etiology. Antibiotics and nonpharmaceutical triggers were significantly associated with long-term severe visual impairment (odds ratio 4.32;P=0.015and 7.20;P=0.037, resp.). There was a significant negative relationship between HIV infection and long-term severe visual impairment (P=0.021). Among all chronic ocular complications, only corneal neovascularization significantly correlated with severe visual impairment (P=0.001).Conclusions. SJS/TEN patients caused by nonpharmaceutical triggers or antibiotics have an increased risk of developing long-term severe visual impairment from corneal neovascularization. HIV infection might be a protective factor against long-term poor visual outcomes.
The Effect of Geometric Configurations on the Elastic Behavior of an Edge-Cracked Bonded Strip
Authors: Lan Xin , Ji Shaobo , Noda Nao-Aki , Cheng Yong
Published: March 2017

Interface cracks often initiate around the bonding free-edge corner due to the high-stress concentration. In this research, the elastic behavior of an edge-cracked dissimilar bonded strip subjected to remote tensile load is investigated using the proportional crack tip opening displacement method based on FE analysis for arbitrary material combinations. The stress intensity factor, energy release rate, and mode mixity are computed and compared systematically with varying geometrical configurations and material combinations. Then, the combined effects of the relative height of the bonded component and material combination are discussed for the typical engineering materials.
Syndrome Differentiation of IgA Nephropathy Based on Clinicopathological Parameters: A Decision Tree Model
Authors: Gu Yanghui , Wang Yu , Ji Chunlan , Fan Ping , He Zhiren , Wang Tao , Liu Xusheng , Zou Chuan
Published: March 2017

Background. IgA nephropathy is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis in China, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a vital treatment strategy. However, not all doctors prescribing TCM medicine have adequate knowledge to classify the syndrome accurately. Aim. To explore the feasibility of differentiation of TCM syndrome types among IgA nephropathy patients based on clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods. The cross‐sectional study enrolled 464 biopsy‐proven IgA nephropathy adult patients from 2010 to 2016. The demographic data, clinicopathological features, and TCM syndrome types were collected, and the decision tree models based on classification and regression tree were built to differentiate between the syndrome types. Results. 370 patients of training dataset were 32 years old with serum creatinine of 79 μmol/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 97.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, and proteinuria of 1.0 g/day. The scores of Oxford classifications were as follows: M1 = 97.6%, E1 = 14.6%, S1 = 50.0%, and T1 = 52.2%/T2 = 18.4%. The decision trees without or with MEST scores achieved equal precision in training data. However, the tree with MEST scores performed better in validation dataset, especially in classifying the syndrome of qi deficiency of spleen and kidney. Conclusion. A feasible method to deduce TCM syndromes of IgA nephropathy patients by common parameters in routine clinical practice was proposed. The MEST scores helped in the differentiation of TCM syndromes with clinical data.
Effects of Acute Toluene Toxicity on Different Regions of Rabbit Brain
Authors: Demır Mehmet , Cicek Mustafa , Eser Nadire , Yoldaş Atila , Sısman Turgay
Published: March 2017

The acute phase effects of toluene on the brain have been investigated in this study using rabbit brain via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. A total of 20 male rabbits were used as control and experimental groups. Moreover, nerve growth factor (NGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), dopamine (DA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) tests were performed in order to designate the severity of the biochemical damage. In the biochemical evaluation of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, and entorhinal cortex, the TNF-alpha levels in the brain were found to be significantly higher than in the control group. Levels of dopamine, secreted from the substantia nigra, nerve growth factor (NGF) developed from the hippocampal neurons, and GFAP, secreted from astrocyte cells, were detected to be significantly lower in the toluene-administration group than in the control group (p<0.05). In addition, areas of focal vacuolar degeneration (abscess formation), gliosis, and perivascular demyelination, many pyknotic cells and necrosis were observed. In the toluene-administration group compared to the control group, distinct excessive expansions of the blood vessels and severe degeneration in the structure of cells and also dispersed cell borders were observed. Furthermore, abnormal malformations of the nuclei structure of the oligodendrocyte cells were seen. Bodies of the sequential neurons of the hippocampus in the toluene-administration group were distinctly structurally damaged compared to the control group. In addition, cytoplasm of the cortex cell showed serious immune reactivity in the experimental group.
Fatty Acids of CLA-Enriched Egg Yolks Can Induce Transcriptional Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Koronowicz Aneta A. , Banks Paula , Master Adam , Domagała Dominik , Piasna-Słupecka Ewelina , Drozdowska Mariola , Sikora Elżbieta , Laidler Piotr
Published: March 2017

In our previous study, we showed that fatty acids from CLA-enriched egg yolks (EFA-CLA) reduced the proliferation of breast cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanisms of their action remain unknown. In the current study, we used MCF-7 breast cancer cell line to determine the effect of EFA-CLA, as potential ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), on identified in silico PPAR-responsive genes:BCAR3,TCF20,WT1,ZNF621, andTHRB(transcript TRβ2). Our results showed that EFA-CLA act as PPAR ligands with agonistic activity for all PPAR isoforms, with the highest specificity towards PPARγ. In conclusion, we propose that EFA-CLA-mediated regulation of PPAR-responsive genes is most likely facilitated bycis9,trans11CLAisomer incorporated in egg yolk. Notably, EFA-CLA activated PPAR more efficiently than nonenriched FA as well as synthetic CLA isomers. We also propose that this regulation, at least in part, can be responsible for the observed reduction in the proliferation of MCF-7 cells treated with EFA-CLA.
Pathological Role of Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in the Disruption of Synaptic Plasticity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Xu Lingyan , Ren Zhiyun , Chow Frances E. , Tsai Richard , Liu Tongzheng , Rizzolio Flavio , Boffo Silvia , Xu Yungen , Huang Shaohui , Lippa Carol F. , Gong Yuesong
Published: March 2017

Synaptic loss is the structural basis for memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While the underlying pathological mechanism remains elusive, it is known that misfolded proteins accumulate as β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau tangles decades before the onset of clinical disease. The loss of Pin1 facilitates the formation of these misfolded proteins in AD. Pin1 protein controls cell-cycle progression and determines the fate of proteins by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system directly affects the functional and structural plasticity of the synapse. We localized Pin1 to dendritic rafts and postsynaptic density (PSD) and found the pathological loss of Pin1 within the synapses of AD brain cortical tissues. The loss of Pin1 activity may alter the ubiquitin-regulated modification of PSD proteins and decrease levels of Shank protein, resulting in aberrant synaptic structure. The loss of Pin1 activity, induced by oxidative stress, may also render neurons more susceptible to the toxicity of oligomers of Aβ and to excitation, thereby inhibiting NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity and exacerbating NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic degeneration. These results suggest that loss of Pin1 activity could lead to the loss of synaptic plasticity in the development of AD.
Iatrogenic Right-Sided Pneumothorax Presenting as ST-Segment Elevation: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Alzghoul Bashar , Innabi Ayoub , Shanbhag Anusha , Chatterjee Kshitij , Amer Farah , Meena Nikihil
Published: March 2017

Pneumothorax is a well-recognized complication of central venous line insertion (CVL). Rarely, pneumothorax can lead to electrocardiogram (ECG) findings mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We present a 63-year-old man with iatrogenic right-sided pneumothorax who developed ST-segment elevation on a 12-lead ECG suggestive of myocardial infarction. The ECG findings completely resolved after needle decompression and chest tube placement. This case points up this rare electrocardiographic finding with discussion of possible mechanisms and differential diagnosis.
Process of Facilitated Extraction of Vanadium Ions through Supported Liquid Membranes: Parameters and Mechanism
Authors: Kamal O. , Eljaddi T. , El Atmani El H. , Touarssi I. , Mourtah I. , Lebrun L. , Hlaïbi M.
Published: March 2017

To conduct experiments related to the facilitated extraction phenomenon of vanadium ions (VO2+), three supported liquid membranes (SLMs) were prepared, each containing 0.01 M of methyl cholate (MC), resorcinarene (RESO), or trioctylamine (TOA) as extractive agents. Kinetic and thermodynamic models were developed, based on the interaction of the substrate (VO2+) with the extractive agent T and the diffusion of the formed entity (TS) through the membrane. The experimental results verify the models, and to determine, macroscopic parameters, permeabilities (P) and initial fluxes (J0), and microscopic parameters, association constants (Kass) and apparent diffusion coefficients (D⁎) related to formed entities (TS) and their diffusion through the membrane organic phase. The experimental results indicate that the mechanism on the migration of the VO2+ ions through the membrane organic phase is based on the successive jumps of substrate, from one site to another of the extractive agent. To explain these results and understand the mechanism, we studied influence of temperature factor, and we determined activation parameters (Ea, ΔH≠, and ΔS≠). The results show that this extraction phenomenon is governed by a structural term. Therefore, the membrane performance changes according to nature and structure of the association site presented by each of extractive agents.
LEAPS Vaccine Incorporating HER-2/neu Epitope Elicits Protection That Prevents and Limits Tumor Growth and Spread of Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model
Authors: Rosenthal Ken S. , Stone Sarah , Koski Gary , Zimmerman Daniel H.
Published: March 2017

The prototype J-LEAPS T cell vaccine for HER-2/neu breast cancer (J-HER) consists of the murine HER-2/neu66–74H-2dCD8 T cell epitope covalently attached through a triglycine linker to the J-immune cell binding ligand (ICBL) (humanβ2 microglobulin38–50peptide). The J-ICBL was chosen for its potential to promote Th1/Tc1 responses. In this proof-of-concept study, the ability of J-HER to prevent or treat cancer was tested in the TUBO cell-challenged BALB/c mouse model for HER-2/neu-expressing tumors. The J-HER vaccine was administered as an emulsion in Montanide ISA-51 without the need for a more potent adjuvant. When administered as a prophylactic vaccination before tumor challenge, J-HER protected against tumor development for at least 48 days. Despite eliciting protection, antibody production in J-HER-immunized, TUBO-challenged mice was less than that in unimmunized mice. More importantly, therapeutic administration of J-HER one week after challenge with TUBO breast cancer cells limited the spread of the tumors and the morbidity and the mortality in the challenged mice. The ability to elicit responses that prevent spread of the TUBO tumor by J-HER suggests its utility as a neoimmunoadjuvant therapy to surgery. Individual or mixtures of J-LEAPS vaccines can be readily prepared to include different CD8 T cell epitopes to optimize tumor therapy and customize treatment for individuals with different HLA types.
Localization of Massive and Massless Fermions on Two-Field Branes
Authors: Farokhtabar Ali , Tofighi Ali
Published: March 2017

We study fermion localization and resonances on a special type of brane-world model supporting brane splitting. In such models one can construct multiwall branes which cause considerable simplification in the field equations. We use a polynomial superpotential to construct this brane. The suitable Yukawa coupling between the background scalar field and the localized fermion is determined. The massive fermion resonance spectrum is obtained. The number of resonances is increased for higher values of Yukawa coupling.
Bevacizumab (Avastin) and Thermal Laser Combination Therapy for Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascular Membranes
Authors: Adrean Sean D. , Grant Scott , Chaili Siyang
Published: March 2017

Objective. This is a retrospective interventional case series describing the results of 5 eyes from 5 patients with symptomatic peripapillary choroidal neovascularization (CNVM) receiving initial bevacizumab treatment followed by thermal laser and bevacizumab combination therapy.Methods. Patients received intravitreal bevacizumab injections until the lesions were well-defined. Thermal laser ablation was then administered and followed by an additional bevacizumab injection after one week. Visual outcomes, OCT changes, and rates of recurrence were recorded and analyzed.Results. Median visual outcomes improved from 20/50 to 20/30 (p=0.0232). Median central macular thickness decreased from 347 μm to 152 μm (p=0.0253). The mean visual improvement was 3 lines. An average of 3.8 bevacizumab injections per patient were given overall. Patients were followed for an average of 24 months, during which all eyes were absent for recurrence.Conclusion. Symptomatic peripapillary CNVM may be successfully managed with bevacizumab followed by a combination of thermal laser and bevacizumab without the need for frequent retreatment. The area requiring treatment may be better defined using bevacizumab, limiting the ablation of the healthy retina and improving treatment margins. With this treatment regimen, the patients experience improved visual outcomes and have a low rate of recurrence.
TM4SF5-Mediated Roles in the Development of Fibrotic Phenotypes
Authors: Ryu Jihye , Lee Jung Weon
Published: March 2017

Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) can form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs) on the cell’s surface. TERMs contain protein-protein complexes comprised of tetraspanins, growth factor receptors, and integrins. These complexes regulate communication between extracellular and intracellular spaces to control diverse cellular functions. TM4SF5 influences the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), aberrant multilayer cellular growth, drug resistance, enhanced migration and invasion, circulation through the bloodstream, tumor-initiation property, metastasis, and muscle development in zebrafish. Here, current data on TM4SF5’s roles in the development of fibrotic phenotypes are reviewed. TM4SF5 is induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) signaling via a collaboration with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. TM4SF5, by itself or in concert with other receptors, transduces signals intracellularly. In hepatocytes, TM4SF5 expression regulates cell cycle progression, migration, and expression of extracellular matrix components. In CCl4-treated mice, TM4SF5, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I expression are observed together along the fibrotic septa regions of the liver. These fibrotic phenotypes are diminished by anti-TM4SF5 reagents, such as a specific small compound [TSAHC, 4′-(p-toluenesulfonylamido)-4-hydroxychalcone] or a chimeric antibody. This review discusses the antifibrotic strategies that target TM4SF5 and its associated protein networks that regulate the intracellular signaling necessary for fibrotic functions of hepatocytes.
Bond-Slip Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bar in Concrete Subjected to Simulated Marine Environment: Effects of BFRP Bar Size, Corrosion Age, and Concrete Strength
Authors: Yang Yongmin , Li Zhaoheng , Zhang Tongsheng , Wei Jiangxiong , Yu Qijun
Published: March 2017

Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) bars have bright potential application in concrete structures subjected to marine environment due to their superior corrosion resistance. Available literatures mainly focused on the mechanical properties of BFRP concrete structures, while the bond-slip behavior of BFRP bars, which is a key factor influencing the safety and service life of ocean concrete structures, has not been clarified yet. In this paper, effects of BFRP bars size, corrosion age, and concrete strength on the bond-slip behavior of BFRP bars in concrete cured in artificial seawater were investigated, and then an improved Bertero, Popov, and Eligehausen (BPE) model was employed to describe the bond-slip behavior of BFRP bars in concrete. The results indicated that the maximum bond stress and corresponding slip decreased gradually with the increase of corrosion age and size of BFRP bars, and ultimate slip also decreased sharply. The ascending segment of bond-slip curve tends to be more rigid and the descending segment tends to be softer after corrosion. A horizontal end in bond-slip curve indicates that the friction between BFRP bars and concrete decreased sharply.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Metabolic Risks of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study
Authors: Ding Xiaoying , Xu Ying , Wang Yufan , Li Xiaohua , Lu Chunhua , Su Jing , Ma Yuhang , Chen Yuting , Yin Yanhua , Zhang Lijun , Wu Yong , Jin Yaqiong , Zheng Lijun , Xu Songmei , Zhu Xiuli , Ma Jilin , Yu Lihua , Jiang Junyi , Zhao Naisi , Yan Qingwu , Greenberg Andrew S. , Huang Qianfang , Ren Qian , Sun Haiyan , Gu Mingyu , Zhao Li , Huang Yunhong , Wu Yijie , Qian Chunxian , Peng Yongde
Published: March 2017

The mechanisms facilitating hypertension in diabetes still remain to be elucidated. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a higher risk factor for insulin resistance, shares many predisposing factors with diabetes. However, little work has been performed on the pathogenesis of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with NAFLD. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypertension in different glycemic statuses and to analyze relationships between NAFLD, metabolic risks, and hypertension within a large community-based population after informed written consent. A total of 9473 subjects aged over 45 years, including 1648 patients with T2DM, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Clinical and biochemical parameters of all participants were determined. The results suggested that the patients with prediabetes or T2DM were with higher risks to have hypertension. T2DM with NAFLD had significantly higher levels of blood pressure, triglyceride, uric acid, and HOMA-IR than those without NAFLD. Data analyses suggested that hypertriglyceridemia [OR = 1.773 (1.396, 2.251)], NAFLD [OR = 2.344 (1.736, 3.165)], hyperuricemia [OR = 1.474 (1.079, 2.012)], and insulin resistance [OR = 1.948 (1.540, 2.465)] were associated with the higher prevalence of hypertension independent of other metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to focus on these associations.
Translocation of a Polymer through a Crowded Channel under Electrical Force
Authors: Sun Tingting , Gen Yunxin , Xie Hujun , Jiang Zhouting , Yang Zhiyong
Published: March 2017

The translocation of a polymer chain through a crowded cylindrical channel is studied using the Langevin dynamics simulations. The influences of the field strength F, the chain length N, and the crowding extent ρ on the translocation time are evaluated, respectively. Scaling relation τ~F-α is observed. With the crowding extent ρ increasing, the scaling exponent α becomes large. It is found that, for noncrowded channel, translocation probability drops when the field strength becomes large. However, for high-crowded channel, it is the opposite. Moreover, the translocation time and the average translocation time for all segments both have exponential growth with the crowding extent. The investigation of shape factor δ shows maximum value with increasing of the number of segments outside s. At last, the number of segments inside channel Nin in the process of translocation is calculated and a peak is observed. All the information from the study may benefit protein translocation.
Coutilization of D-Glucose, D-Xylose, and L-Arabinose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Coexpressing the Metabolic Pathways and Evolutionary Engineering
Authors: Wang Chengqiang , Zhao Jianzhi , Qiu Chenxi , Wang Shihao , Shen Yu , Du Binghai , Ding Yanqin , Bao Xiaoming
Published: March 2017

Efficient and cost-effective fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials requires simultaneous cofermentation of all hydrolyzed sugars, mainly including D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional D-glucose fermenting strain and could utilize D-xylose and L-arabinose after introducing the initial metabolic pathways. The efficiency and simultaneous coutilization of the two pentoses and D-glucose for ethanol production in S. cerevisiae still need to be optimized. Previously, we constructed an L-arabinose-utilizing S. cerevisiae BSW3AP. In this study, we further introduced the XI and XR-XDH metabolic pathways of D-xylose into BSW3AP to obtain D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose cofermenting strain. Benefits of evolutionary engineering: the resulting strain BSW4XA3 displayed a simultaneous coutilization of D-xylose and L-arabinose with similar consumption rates, and the D-glucose metabolic capacity was not decreased. After 120 h of fermentation on mixed D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose, BSW4XA3 consumed 24% more amounts of pentoses and the ethanol yield of mixed sugars was increased by 30% than that of BSW3AP. The resulting strain BSW4XA3 was a useful chassis for further enhancing the coutilization efficiency of mixed sugars for bioethanol production.
Comparison of DNA Methylation in Schwann Cells before and after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Zhou Xian-Hu , Lin Wei , Ren Yi-Ming , Liu Shen , Fan Bao-You , Wei Zhi-Jian , Shi Gui-Dong , Cheng Xin , Hao Yan , Feng Shi-Qing
Published: March 2017

This study aims to find the difference of genomewide DNA methylation in Schwann cells (SCs) before and after peripheral nerve system (PNS) injury by Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) and seek meaningful differentially methylated genes related to repairment of injured PNS. SCs harvested from sciatic nerve were named as activated Schwann cells (ASCs), and the ones harvested from brachial plexus were named as normal Schwann cells (NSCs). Genomic DNA of ASCs and NSCs were isolated and MeDIP-Seq was conducted. Differentially methylated genes and regions were discovered and analyzed by bioinformatic methods. MeDIP-Seq analysis showed methylation differences were identified between ASCs and NSCs. The distribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) peaks in different components of genome was mainly located in distal intergenic regions. GO and KEGG analysis of these methylated genes were also conducted. The expression patterns of hypermethylated genes (Dgcr8, Zeb2, Dixdc1, Sox2, and Shh) and hypomethylated genes (Gpr126, Birc2) detected by qRT-PCR were opposite to the MeDIP analysis data with significance (p< 0.05), which proved MeDIP analysis data were real and believable. Our data serve as a basis for understanding the injury-induced epigenetic changes in SCs and the foundation for further studies on repair of PNS injury.
Optimization of Catheter Based rtPA Thrombolysis in a Novel In Vitro Clot Model for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Keric Naureen , Masomi-Bornwasser Julia , Müller-Werkmeister Hendrik , Kantelhardt Sven Rainer , König Jochem , Kempski Oliver , Giese Alf
Published: March 2017

Hematoma lysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) has emerged as an alternative therapy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Optimal dose and schedule are still unclear. The aim of this study was to create a reliable in vitro blood clot model for investigation of optimal drug dose and timing. An in vitro clot model was established, using 25 mL and 50 mL of human blood. Catheters were placed into the clots and three groups, using intraclot application of rtPA, placebo, and catheter alone, were analyzed. Dose-response relationship, repetition, and duration of rtPA treatment and its effectiveness in aged clots were investigated. A significant relative end weight difference was found in rtPA treated clots compared to catheter alone (p=0.002) and placebo treated clots (p<0.001). Dose-response analysis revealed 95% effective dose around 1 mg rtPA in 25 and 50 mL clots. Approximately 80% of relative clot lysis could be achieved after 15 min incubation. Lysis of aged clots was less effective. A new clot model for in vitro investigation was established. Our data suggest that current protocols for rtPA based ICH therapy may be optimized by using less rtPA at shorter incubation times.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with the Ubiquicidin (29–41) Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: Morales-Avila Enrique , Ferro-Flores Guillermina , Ocampo-García Blanca E. , López-Téllez Gustavo , López-Ortega Johnny , Rogel-Ayala Diana G. , Sánchez-Padilla Diego
Published: March 2017

Recent studies have demonstrated that drug antimicrobial activity is enhanced when metallic nanoparticles are used as an inorganic support, obtaining synergic effects against microorganisms. The cationic antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin 29–41 (UBI) has demonstrated high affinity and sensitivity towards fungal and bacterial infections. The aim of this research was to prepare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of engineered multivalent nanoparticle systems based on silver or gold nanoparticles functionalized with UBI. Spectroscopy techniques demonstrated that NPs were functionalized with UBI mainly through interactions with the -NH2 groups. A significant increase in the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained with the conjugate AgNP-UBI with regard to that of AgNP. No inhibition of bacterial growth was observed with AuNP and AuNP-UBI using a nanoparticle concentration of up to 182 μg mL−1. Nonetheless, silver nanoparticles conjugated to the UBI antimicrobial peptide may provide an alternative therapy for topical infections.
A Review on Real-Time 3D Ultrasound Imaging Technology
Authors: Huang Qinghua , Zeng Zhaozheng
Published: March 2017

Real-time three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) has attracted much more attention in medical researches because it provides interactive feedback to help clinicians acquire high-quality images as well as timely spatial information of the scanned area and hence is necessary in intraoperative ultrasound examinations. Plenty of publications have been declared to complete the real-time or near real-time visualization of 3D ultrasound using volumetric probes or the routinely used two-dimensional (2D) probes. So far, a review on how to design an interactive system with appropriate processing algorithms remains missing, resulting in the lack of systematic understanding of the relevant technology. In this article, previous and the latest work on designing a real-time or near real-time 3D ultrasound imaging system are reviewed. Specifically, the data acquisition techniques, reconstruction algorithms, volume rendering methods, and clinical applications are presented. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of state-of-the-art approaches are discussed in detail.
Therapeutic Effects of Static Magnetic Field on Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Yong-guo , Deng Kai-qin , Yun Peng , Gong Ting
Published: March 2017

Objective. To investigate the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on cutaneous wound healing of Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats.Methods. 20 STZ-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups (10 in each group): diabetic rats with SMF exposure group which were exposed to SMF by gluing one magnetic disk of 230 mT intensity and diabetic rats with sham SMF exposure group (sham group). 10 normal Wistar rats were used as the control group. One open circular wound with 2 cm diameter in the dorsum was generated on both normal and diabetic rats and then covered with sterile gauzes. Wound healing was evaluated by wound area reduction rate, mean time to wound closure, and wound tensile strength.Results. The wound area reduction rate in diabetic rats in comparison with the control group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with sham magnet group, diabetic rats under 230 mT SMF exposure demonstrated significantly accelerated wound area reduction rate on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21 and decreased gross time to wound closure (P<0.05), as well as dramatically higher wound tissue strength (P<0.05) on 21st day.Conclusion. 230 mT SMF promoted the healing of skin wound in diabetic rats and may provide a non-invasive therapeutic tool for impaired wound healing of diabetic patients.