bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philosophical and Psychological Dimensions of AI Integration in Sustainable Business Development
Authors: Kakon Kaniz
Published: March 2024

This chapter critically explores how sustainable business development and artificial intelligence (AI) converge, examining their synergy, opportunities, and ethical challenges. It highlights the parallel growth of sustainable business and AI's impact on consumer behavior, emphasizing the crucial need to adeptly manage AI's functions and ethics in corporate solutions. It delves into diverse ethical frameworks and explores their guidance for integrating AI responsibly, aiming for sustainability and broader societal welfare. Additionally, it delves into Confucian ethics, organizational psychology, and leadership principles, uncovering human potential in the AI era. It advocates merging philosophy, psychology, and sustainable business practices to foster ethically sound and psychologically attuned AI systems for corporate use.
The Systematic Literature Review on Business Intelligence Towards Entrepreneurial Orientation of Ventures
Authors: Nazir Jinumoni , Das Pradip Kumar
Published: March 2024

Business intelligence has been a recent information tool which was introduced in the entrepreneurship world. The present study is an extensive systematic literature review based on PRISMA framework which aims to explore the influence of business intelligence (BI) on the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) among the ventures. Four journal databases have been used, namely Emerald, JStor, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost to gather the articles for the study. “Business intelligence” and “Entrepreneurial orientation” were the keywords used to identify studies from the journal databases. 23 articles were finalised for the study after going through the identification, screening and included process which comes under the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) framework. It has been found that very little research has been done in this field. So, this systematic literature review will give an insight into the possible gaps that can be covered by the upcoming researchers in this field.
A Study on the Interaction Between Civil Business Groups and the State From the Perspective of Public Sphere Theory
Authors: Yao Wei , Li Yuhong , Liu Tingxuan
Published: March 2024

This chapter attempts to use public sphere theory as a starting point to compare the behavior of the British government in protecting the interests of British business in China in the 19th century with the Chinese government's neglect of the interests of Chinese business in the Philippines. This chapter uses the Shanghai Branch of the China Association and Philippine Chinese Charitable Association Inc. as representatives of private business groups in the UK and China. For the UK, due to the public sphere of competition with the central government within the UK, private business groups must consult with relevant private business groups when implementing any economic foreign policy. This process promotes consensus between the British government and society and promotes the British government's determination to maintain British business in China. However, for China, due to the absence of a public sphere where the central government interacts with society, even though Chinese private business groups have huge interests overseas, the state and society have always been unable to form a positive interaction. At the same time, this situation also results in Chinese businesses in the Philippines having to rely on their abilities to maintain their local interests.
Going Back to Basics as an Innovative Way Forward on Muslim Health Tourism
Authors: Bafadhal Aniesa Samira
Published: March 2024

The fast growth of health tourism has been attributed to creating a health and prevention boom era expected to usher in new economic power. Offering a different approach derived from the Sharia, Muslim health tourism poses a proximity between religion, tourism, and health. Amid the urgency to understand Muslim tourists as a potential market with such unique characteristics and specific needs, it is unfortunate that no model describes the decision-making behaviour when selecting a Muslim-friendly health destination. As a result, the author suggests a Muslim health tourist behaviour model. This study also highlighted Sharia salons and spas as one of the forms of Muslim health tourism business. It's becoming increasingly clear that for the Muslim health tourism business to truly understand its market, going back to basics is the most innovative approach.
The Central Bank of India as an Example of the Green Revolution in the Banking Sector
Authors: Shukla Shubhendu Shekher , Bajpai Saurabh , Pankajam A. , Gupta Ankur , Veeraiah Vivek , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Bag Soma
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the State Bank of India's (the nation's central bank) involvement in advancing green banking practices in day-to-day operations. India has been dealing with severe environmental problems despite having lower per capita CO2 emissions than the rest of the world. The State Bank of India (SBP) released the green banking guidelines (GBG) in 2017 in response to the worsening environmental conditions. The guidelines aim to change the economy of the nation and recognize the financial sector's contribution to the transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy. It aids in raising awareness among investors and the banking sector about the need to create sustainable green development investments, operations, infrastructure, and goods. The State Bank of India's comprehensive evaluation of the GBG is to examine and evaluate the GBG and pinpoint the main obstacles facing its stakeholders, including commercial banks and other financial organizations. The central bank's activities suggest that the GBG policy is a paradigm change for the banking sector and will likely have a significant effect on the economy. Furthermore, the rules delineate the roles, oversight, and structure for implementing the GBG and provide three primary topics for consideration. These include personal impact minimization, green business assistance, and environmental risk management. The central bank's involvement in putting the GBG into practice for all commercial banks is also covered in this chapter. Through GBG, the central bank of India mandates commercial banks, requiring the board of the banks to approve environmental exposure limits for various industries and sectors. This is projected to result in varying levels of green practices across various projects. The GBG may need the hiring of a sizable workforce, which would raise banks' estimated service costs. All projects and the sectors/industries they belong to need to have clear requirements and hazards related to the environment. In order to efficiently oversee and carry out the GBG, the SBP has taken a number of actions. For example, it plans to engage with international organizations to create a standard framework for consistent environmental risk management in the banking sector. Comparably, the banks have made certain moves, such as setting up green banking offices, hiring the necessary personnel, creating a checklist for identifying environmental risks, offering advice services for the development of green businesses, etc. A few of them are also the ones that started the social and environmental management system.
An Appraisal of Recent Developments in Non-Performing Loans Affecting the Profitability of Commercial Bank in Bhutan
Authors: Sharma Purna Prasad , Khan Shad Ahmad
Published: March 2024

This chapter purports to discover the causes of non-performing loans (NPLs) and its impact on the profitability of one of the commercial banks in Bhutan that is Bhutan National Bank Limited (BNBL). The causes and impact were considered from two distinct variables namely bank-specific (BS) and macroeconomic variables (MV); whereas PAT, interest income, and ROE were considered as proxies to judge the profitability of the bank covering ten years (2010-2019) time series data. The selected economic indicators appeared to be non-significant in determining the levels of NPL of BNBL. However, bank specific factors such as capital adequacy ratio (CAR) are positively affecting the NPL of the bank. Similarly, NPL (DOUB and LOSS) of the bank poses a negative impact on its profitability assessed in terms of return on equity (ROE). Further, when bank maintained higher CAR to address crisis in future, it tends to involve in lending loans easily with the assumption that higher CAR would safeguard the bank from going bankrupt or crises.
A Proposed Model for Efficient Shariah Governance of Islamic Financial Institutions
Authors: Abozaid Abdulazeem , Khateeb Saqib Hafiz
Published: March 2024

The Islamic banking and finance sector has predominantly relied on self-regulation for Shariah governance. Despite existing regulatory bodies like the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) and the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), Islamic financial institutions largely remain self-regulated, as resolutions from these bodies are generally non-binding unless voluntarily adopted. Some countries have implemented Shariah-governance-related regulations, but these regulations often do not extend beyond the requirement to establish Shariah-compliance oversight bodies, which are typically controlled by the same operating banks. Conflicts between these regulatory authorities and Fiqh academies further complicate matters. This study addresses these challenges by identifying the deficiencies in the current system and then proposing necessary reforms to establish an effective Shariah governance framework. Such reforms are crucial for safeguarding the industry's integrity from within and facilitating its pursuit of its objectives.
Evaluating the Political Communicative Approach of the European Union and the United States Towards Russia Since the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Mishra Madhulika , Kumari Nupur , Pallav
Published: March 2024

This chapter investigated if communication between the European Union, the United States, and Russia has changed since the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A comparative mixed-method approach based on the philosophies of liberalism, realism, and social constructivism has been employed to achieve this. Frequency analysis and ideological analysis of speeches and declarations made by influential people from the European Union and the United States were combined to create the mixed technique. The key finding of this chapter is that since the commencement of the conflict, the communication between both players has evolved from a liberal stance to a more realistic standpoint. The fundamental contrast between the actors was evident before the conflict when the European Union adopted a predominantly liberal strategy while the United States adopted a mixed approach of liberalism and realism. The shifting nature of the world might explain the altered communicative strategy.
The Global Aspirations of the European Union and Dealing With Regional Conflicts
Authors: Bharti Simant Shankar , Aryal Saroj Kumar
Published: March 2024

The European Union (EU) has been a remarkable example of regional integration to achieve economic and security prosperity. In the last decade, this most uniformed organisation has faced several challenges, such as the migration crisis, Brexit, and the global pandemic. Now, Europe has itself been involved in a huge regional conflict after Russia attacked Ukraine in late February 2022. Prior to the Ukraine-Russia war, the EU had already lost its position in Afghanistan after the Taliban takeover. Since 9/11, the EU has been a top aid donor to Afghanistan with the purpose of achieving regional stability, and yet the nonstate security threat in South Asia is still a big issue. The concerns of regional conflicts, such as peace, promotion of human rights, and democracy in Europe and the world, have been a challenge to the EU's global aspiration. Having said that, this chapter aims to deal with the above concerns vis-à-vis issues of global challenges in the shadow of major conflicts, threats, and opportunities.
Exploring the Intersection of Sustainability Challenges and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kalai Lamia , Jmaii Amal , Tanwar Sunita
Published: March 2024

The profound impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on various aspects of human life is evident in its evolution. Recently, it has become a pivotal force in addressing developmental challenges, specifically those pertaining to sustainable development (SD). Despite its increasing importance, there is a conspicuous lack of systematic studies analyzing the role of AI research in contributing to SD. This chapter aims to bridge this gap by revealing essential bibliometric trends and tracing the evolution of concepts in the domain of AI applications for sustainable development goals.
Beyond Conventional Investment
Authors: Libeesh P. C. , Pardhey Nanda , Hasan Md. Mahadi , Singh Rohit
Published: March 2024

This study explores the topic of thematic investing, which goes beyond traditional portfolios in the constantly changing field of investment methods. With the world changing so quickly, thematic methods provide a viable alternative to traditional investment paradigms, providing investors with a framework that is both nuanced and forward-looking. It has clearly described the benefits and importance of thematic investment in the present complicated investment market. As an investor, it is necessary to understand the benefits of thematic investment by comparing it to traditional investment. While making an investment decision on a thematic investment option, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the pros and cons of the theme-based investment. Disruptive innovation, megatrends, and sustainability are the various groups of theme-based investment discussed in the chapter.
Navigating Complexities Through Unveiling Sustainability Challenges in AI Using a Bibliometric Approach
Authors: Bagiyam Dhana , Blessy Doe M. , Aravindan J. Soonu
Published: March 2024

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has unveiled myriad possibilities and advancements, yet it brings forth critical sustainability challenges that demand immediate attention. This chapter employs a bibliometric approach to elucidate the intricate landscape of sustainability challenges within the realm of AI. By analysing a comprehensive array of scholarly works, this study aims to navigate through the complexities inherent in sustainable AI development. The bibliometric analysis provides a panoramic view of the prevailing issues, enabling a structured understanding of environmental, societal, and ethical dilemmas posed by AI proliferation. Insights gleaned from this study offer valuable pathways for stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers to address and mitigate the sustainability challenges entwined with the exponential growth of AI technology.
Perceptions of Remote Teaching by Diverse Student Cohorts in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Wali Fatema , Toworfe George , Huijser Henk
Published: March 2024

Like many sectors affected by the Coronavirus (Covid - 19) pandemic, the higher education sector was disrupted globally and needed immediate re-adjustments to provide distance learning solutions. Educational management contingency plans were initiated in many parts of the world to reach out to students isolated due to the pandemic; however, it quickly became clear that one size (or plan) did not fit all, especially with regards to students with online learning constraints. This qualitative research explores the online learning experiences of students during the pandemic in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study employed an online survey to investigate Bahraini students' perceptions of online learning as a new initiative during the pandemic. The findings of this survey suggest that the digital divide, digital inequities, and differences in e-learning opportunities have been experienced by students through the implementation of online learning. The study also revealed different perceptions of the educational technologies available to students.
The Combination of Flipped Classroom and ICTs Towards Effective Instruction in an EFL Environment
Authors: Rubio Antonio Daniel Juan
Published: March 2024

Differentiation is one of the major challenges an EFL teacher must face. Learning preferences and styles, readiness, interests, and all the specificities of each student should have an impact on planning instruction and assessment. Innovative educational approaches and methodologies seem to have at their core two fundamental aspects: the integration of ICTs (information and communication technologies) and the acquisition of competences through cooperation. These two key aspects are strongly related to the shift from Teacher-Centred Teaching to Learner-Centred Teaching. When investigating the fields of ICTs, project-based cooperative learning, and the student-centred approach, the concept of flipped learning turned out to be recurrent. In this chapter, the authors are going to expose how flipping the class using ICTs can allow teachers to respond to the diversity of interests, cultural backgrounds, academic readiness, and learning styles in an EFL environment to move away from one-size-fits-all teaching. The authors will also raise awareness on the challenges that had to be faced when flipping the class.
Embedding Social Media in Education
Authors: Kumari Arti , Sahil Mohd , Raza Mohd Jarjis
Published: March 2024

The abstract delves into strategies employed to effectively incorporate social media tools, highlighting their transformative role in improving student participation and interaction. Emphasizing the dynamic nature of social learning, the chapter navigates through practical examples and case studies, illustrating how educators can leverage these platforms to create an interactive and inclusive educational environment. It addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating social media, taking into account privacy concerns and the necessity for digital literacy skills. Furthermore, the abstract explores the impact of social media on fostering a sense of community and collaboration among students, transcending geographical boundaries. Ultimately, this chapter aims to furnish educators with insights, methodologies, and best practices for successfully integrating social media into their teaching strategies, promoting a more engaging and interconnected educational experience in the rapidly evolving landscape of digital education.
Investigations on Blast Performance of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures
Authors: Sulc Vojtech , Foglar Marek , Hajek Radek , Kolisko Jiří , Citek Adam , Hurtig Karel
Published: March 2024

Blast performance of concrete and ultra-high performance fiber concrete (UHPFRC) has been subject to numerous publications in the past decades. The enhanced force-deflection diagram of fiber concrete and ultra-high performance fiber concrete provide massive increase on the protective function of these materials compared to regular concrete. Nevertheless, concrete spalling cannot be fully avoided even when using UHPFRC. The next step for harmful debris ejection prevention can be supplementing the concrete specimens with steel slabs. The steel slab will not just hold the debris, but can, if properly bonded with concrete, contribute to the load bearing capacity as steel-concrete composite structure. This paper presents an overview of recent experiments on blast resistance of steel-concrete composite slabs. In total 6 pairs of specimens (dimension 1.000/1.000/150mm) were prepared, 6 specimens using regular concrete and 6 specimens using UHPFRC. One pair of specimens was reinforced by a steel mesh at 30mm cover from the soffit, one pair was supplemented by a steel plate bonded with 4 studs in the corners, at the complementary specimen pair, the concrete was also covered with a steel plate at the side subjected to blast loading, in the case of the further pair of specimens, the steel plates were connected by steel bars arranged in a mesh 150/150mm. The final 2 pairs represented steel-concrete composite slabs, in the first case, the shear studs were supplemented with a steel mesh (according to provisions of the European standard for steel-concrete composite structures), in the last case, the shear studs were replaced by a shear plate. All specimens were subjected to the same contact blast loading. The paper presents the experimental arrangement, the achieved results and a brief discussion on the structural behavior.
Chitosan-Based Coating Incorporated with Chitin Nanofibers for Extension of the Shelf Life of Fruits
Authors: Kaeokanphai Phimaphon , Tanpichai Supachok , Boonmahitthisud Anyaporn
Published: March 2024

Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Herein, deacetylated chitin nanofibers (dChNFs) through partial deacetylation were initially prepared, and dChNFs were subsequently added into chitosan (CS) to develop the biodegradable coatings to extend the shelf life of bananas. The degree of deacetylation and the average diameter of the obtained dChNFs were 29.12 % and 19.49 ± 3.1 nm, respectively. The addition of dChNFs into CS at the ratio of 50:50 decreased the water vapor permeability (WVP) from 4.56 × 10–11 g/m·s·Pa to 3.81 × 10–11 g/m·s·Pa. Moreover, three different suspensions of CS, dChNFs, and CS/dChNFs were applied as coatings on Hom–Thong bananas via the dipping technique. The application of the CS/dChNFs coating showed a significant postponement in the color change of the peel (from green to yellow) to 22 days, compared to 9 days for uncoated bananas. The weight of the bananas coated with CS/dChNFs exhibited a weight loss of 26.53 % day–1, which was lower than that of the uncoated bananas (30.71 % day–1). This suggested that the CS/dChNFs coating would be efficiently used to prolong the shelf life of bananas, reducing food waste.
Effect of Current Density on Hardness of Ni-P/Diamond Composite Coatings Fabricated by Electrodeposition
Authors: Kothanam Nujira , Hom-on Chatpawee , Srimaneerat Jirapan , Wintachai Panya , Moolla Premchai , Harachai Komsak , Jaroenapibal Papot
Published: March 2024

Nickel-Phosphorous/diamond coatings were electrodeposited onto steel substrates using a pulse-stirring method. The electrodeposition process involved a solution containing nickel sulphate, phosphorus acid, and diamond particles, resulting in the co-electrodeposition of 4-8 µm of diamond particles into a Ni-P matrix. To investigate the effects of electrodeposition current density on the properties of the Ni-P/diamond composite coating, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness testing, and electrochemical testing were employed. The research findings revealed that higher current density (0.03 A/cm2) led to a denser diamond particle coating with diamond contents of up to 32.70 vol%. Additionally, the Ni-P/diamond coatings achieved a maximum hardness of 2819 ± 12.55 HV0.1 when fabricated using the current density of 0.03 A/cm2. The "pulse-stirring fabrication" method yields a coating with significantly enhanced wear resistance due to incorporating densely packed diamond particles. The intermittent pulses during the fabrication process are crucial for achieving the desired dispersion and adhesion of the diamond particles, leading to a practical and durable wear-resistant coating.
Modeling and Optimization of Turning Hastelloy C-276 under Sustainable Machining Environments
Authors: Singh Balkar , Singh Sehijpal , Aggarwal Vivek , Singh Gurpreet
Published: March 2024

Due to their numerous applications in the aerospace, chemical, and nuclear power industries, environmentally responsible superalloy machining is a major problem in the current production environment. Additionally, Ni-based superalloys are regarded as difficult to manufacture because of their great strength under hot and chemically reactive settings. Therefore, it is necessary to machine these materials using adequate cooling and lubricating solutions. Current study has been based on the optimisation and modelling of turning Hastelloy C-276 under dry, flood, and least lubrication system. A Taguchi L-9 arrangement was used as plan of experiment and modeling was enabled through ANOVA, regression analysis and Taguchi optimization. The results depicted optimal parameters for surface roughness and temperature at v2-f1-d1-CE3 and v1-f2-d1-CE3. Likewise, for CRC and shear angle the best combination was observed at v3-f3-d2-CE2. From ANOVA analysis, the benefaction of C.E, depth of cut and feed rate on S.R been listed as 46.70%, 40.44% and 10.66%. Likewise, for temperature cutting speed has benefaction of (53.09%), cooling environment (23.94%), depth of cut (6.10%) and feed rate 5.49% . In similar fashion, CRC and Shear angle were influenced by feed rate and cutting speed having contribution of 62.89% and 5.15% respectively. Furthermore, minimum standard error between the fitted and observed values for S.R., temperature, CRC, and shear angle were calculated as 0.0149, 7.66, 0.267, and 1.80 units. Finally, the marginal reduction of cutting temperature and surface roughness through utilization of MQL implies the sustainable machining conditions.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Formability of AZ61 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Alfozan Adel Khalid
Published: March 2024

The current paper focuses on enhancing the manufacturability of AZ61 magnesium alloys by heat treatment. Specimens are subjected to solution heat treatment. First, all samples underwent a 15-hour treatment at 415°C before aging at 50°C, 100oC, and 150°C. The specimens were furnace cooled and quenched after achieving the precise aging temperature. The results have been extracted from tensile and cupping tests. The outcomes of each test have been compared with the data taken without heat treatment, so the ductility increase can be observed. Tests revealed better results for furnace-cooled specimens. The increase in formability of about 9% along with a decrease in strength of only 11% is observed for 150°C aging temperature.
Rheological and Thermal Characterization of Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) as Compatibilizer on Polyethylene-Palm Stearin Composite
Authors: Subuki Istikamah , Ramlee Nur Azrini , Daud Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad , Ismail Muhammad Hussain , Rasid Norazlen
Published: March 2024

Addition of high percentage of palm stearin (PS) into a blend with high density polyethylene (HDPE) may result in the blend instability and poor flowability of the composite during injection moulding process. The undesirable effect of the PS addition arises from lack of interaction between the PS and HDPE matrix. To improve the interaction between the two components, a compatibilizer was added to the blend. The objective of this work is to study the effect of glycerol monostearate (GMS) compatibilizer concentration (1-5 wt%) on the HDPE-PS composite with PS content of 40 wt.%. The thermal properties of the HDPE-PS composite were characterized using torque analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and rheology analysis. It was found that melting temperature of the HDPE-PS composite decreases with GMS concentration. The presence of GMS in the HDPE-PS composite had improved composite flowability indicate suitability of the GMS as compatibilizer for the HDPE-PS composite.
Dependence of a Steel-concrete-Steel Sandwich Structure Behavior under Pure In-Plane Shear Loading on the Reinforcement Ratio
Authors: Kubat Roman , Bily Petr
Published: March 2024

This paper deals with failure modes of a steel-concrete-steel sandwich loaded by pure in-plane shear. Current research together with the developed models imply that increase of reinforcement ratio leads to decrease of ductility and possibly to change a failure mode from yielding of steel in tension to crushing of concrete in compression which results in brittle failure. In order to give a reader basic information about in-plane shear behavior of a steel-concrete-steel sandwich, an analytical model is introduced. Japanese experimental program that researched a behavior of SCS panels with reinforcement ratio 2.3%, 3.2% and 4.5% is also shown. In addition to the effect of changing the reinforcement ratio, the experimental program also investigated the effect of the transverse steel plate on the ductility of test panels with a degree of reinforcement of 3.2%. The next chapter describes the methodology used by the author to model the individual parts of the model, the loads, and especially the method of supporting the model. This is followed by the presentation of the results of the analysis on the calibration and extrapolation models. Finally, a discussion is conducted on the agreement of the analysis results on the calibration models with the Japanese experimental results, followed by an evaluation of the analysis results on the extrapolation models. According to the results on the extrapolation models the critical degree of reinforcement at which a change in the failure mode of the structure occurs under in-plane shear loading is around 13%.
Theory of the Second Order for Braced and Bracing Columns
Authors: Fillo Ľudovít , Benko Vladimír
Published: March 2024

When analyzing slender columns, the second-generation Eurocode FprEN [2] recommends the calculation of the bending moment envelope, which consists of both first-order and second-order moments. This paper presents the aforementioned calculation method for both braced and bracing columns, utilizing a comprehensive “general” nonlinear approach.
Load-Bearing Capacity of Bended FRP Reinforcement with Various Anchorage Lengths
Authors: Lagin Juraj , Girgle Frantisek , Kostiha Vojtech , Stepanek Petr
Published: March 2024

The research builds upon the analysis of bent glass-fibre-reinforced-polymer reinforcement. The presented work focuses on examining the influence of anchor length on the overall tensile strength of bent FRP rebar. In general, to ensure secure anchoring of the reinforcement in concrete, it is necessary to determine a specific length of the straight section of the rebar beyond the bend, which prevents the reinforcement from being pulled out of the concrete. A total of 27 pieces of bent rebar were tested in the research and divided into four subgroups based on the anchor length beyond the bend. The reference value of the load-carrying capacity of the straight reinforcement was tested on four experimental samples. The research results confirmed that the reduction in tensile strength depends on the anchor length and suggest that the minimum anchorage length stated in the literature should be sufficient; exceeding it does not lead to a significant increase in the load-carrying capacity of the rebar. The research findings expand the Czech Republic’s design knowledge of FRP reinforcement and facilitate the resolution of subsequent phases of the project.
Experimental Study of Cast in Anchors Embedded in UHPFRC
Authors: Prchal Jan , Vrablik Lukáš
Published: March 2024

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the behaviour of anchors precast in Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) under static loading. Initially, the current state of the art and related experimental studies are briefly mentioned. The next part of the paper is devoted to an experimental program aimed at describing the anchorage in cement composite UHPFRC in more detail. A total of 45 pull-out tests were performed. The tests investigated the effect of the fiber quantity in volume in the UHPFRC matrix (vf), the effective embedment depth of the anchor (hef) and the position of the anchor in the mould during concreting. Finally, the results are documented, the failure mode and the shape of the concrete cone, load-displacement curves and summary tables are presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results and further directions for solving the problem.
Phase Formation of Novel Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Si Lightweight High Entropy Alloy
Authors: Nyaforkpa Godson , Emam Mohamed , Gepreel Mohamed Abdel Hady
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a novel lightweight and low-cost Al35Mg20Zn15Cu10Si20 at. % (Al26.17Mg13.47Zn27.18Cu17.61Si15.57 wt.%) has been successfully designed, produced, and characterized. The thermophysical parameters were used to understand the phases associated with this alloy that show a low density of 3.42 g/cm3. The designed alloy was manufactured using both the arc and the muffle furnace. The alloy was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The alloy is characterized by a multiphase microstructure with three major phases including Mg2Si intermetallic phase and eutectic. The volume fraction of the eutectic and the intermetallic phases are 37.83 and 34.99 respectively. The heat capacities of the alloy were also determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The alloy provides a high latent heat of up to 124 J/g, which is one of the highest among the high-temperature metallic materials. The present work provides valuable information for researchers wishing to design and manufacture industrial-grade high-entropy alloys (HEAs).
Implementation of Large-Format 3D Façade Components Using Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete:ČSOB Hradec Králové, C&A Zürich, Illuster Uster
Authors: Janousova Klara
Published: March 2024

Glassfibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is a close-grained concrete material reinforced with glass fibres that allows architects complete freedom in designing rear-ventilated façades. It can be shaped, coloured, surface-treated or otherwise tailored to the specific needs of their projects without significant limitations. The main properties of GRC material include its long life-time and sustainability. The results are visually appealing façade panels that can withstand adverse weather conditions for decades. The characteristic high strength and durability is achieved by dispersing glass fibres within the base mixture of Portland cement, sand, water and further refining additives. Fine-grained particles in the composite structure ensure low water absorbency and high frost resistance. This article is an overview of the technical solution and process of GRC façade design. It deals with the design possibilities for anchoring large-format and 3D shaped façade panels. The article further presents all of the above-mentioned characteristics and process details as they are used on three specific structures. The first presented project is the ČSOB Central Office in Hradec Králové, with its typical distinct ledges combined with glazed surfaces. The cascading entrance portal is a significant element of its façade. The next implementation chosen is the renovation of the C&A department store building in Zürich, Switzerland. This building’s façade is comprised of structured large-area panels with distinctive frames. The article concludes with the creatively implemented renovation of the Illuster shopping centre in Switzerland, with its kaleidoscopic façade made up of glassfibre reinforced concrete panels.
Aspects Affecting the Quality of Masonry Buildings and Innovations in Masonry
Authors: Richterova Kristyna , Heinrich Pavel , Hars Jan , Bily Petr
Published: March 2024

The construction industry is undergoing another revolution, including the field of masonry construction. New materials and products for masonry are constantly being developed and construction details and implementation procedures are being resolved. Digitization and the introduction of automation in the masonry process (in prefabrication halls or on-site robotic bricklaying) are also an integral part of the development of the masonry construction industry. The topic of the following paper is a summary of problematic construction details of masonry buildings, i.e., the solution of the plinth console, the solution of the building opening, the bearing of lintels on the masonry and the bearing of the ceiling structure on the masonry wall. The results of laboratory tests are presented – the load-bearing capacity of the jamb of the building opening (accessory bricks / cut bricks in the jamb) and the load-bearing capacity of the lintel placed on the accessory edge brick. Furthermore, the paper deals with the construction of masonry buildings in the 21st century, including the first results of a compressive load test on masonry walls made of precast small-format units. The conclusion of the paper points out the importance of correct design details of masonry buildings before their application (programming) in software controlling the automated masonry process.
Association between the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Lung Function: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Seok Jinwoo , Yoon Hee-Young
Published: March 2024

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder associated with various health issues. Although some studies have suggested an association between reduced lung function and OSA, this association remains unclear. Our study aimed to explore this relationship using data from a nationally representative population- based survey.Methods: We performed an analysis of data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Our study encompassed 3,675 participants aged 40 years and older. Risk of OSA was assessed using the STOP-Bang (Snoring, Tiredness during daytime, Observed apnea, and high blood Pressure-Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference, Gender) questionnaire and lung function tests were performed using a portable spirometer. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors associated with a high-risk of OSA, defined as a STOP-Bang score of ≥3.Results: Of 3,675 participants, 600 (16.3%) were classified into high-risk OSA group. Participants in the high-risk OSA group were older, had a higher body mass index, and a higher proportion of males and ever-smokers. They also reported lower lung function and quality of life index in various domains along with increased respiratory symptoms. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between impaired lung function and a high-risk of OSA. However, in the multivariable analysis, only chronic cough (odds ratio [OR], 2.413; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.383 to 4.213) and sputum production (OR, 1.868; 95% CI, 1.166 to 2.992) remained significantly associated with a high OSA risk.Conclusion: Our study suggested that, rather than baseline lung function, chronic cough, and sputum production are more significantly associated with OSA risk.
Key Highlights from iNEMI 5G Project
Authors: Hill Michael
Published: March 2024

Agenda:

• Background –iNEMI5 G Materials Characterization Project • Example Results • Drive for standards • Material Characterizations Very Valuable • Permittivity Loss Tangent Are Staple Measurements
Immersion Tin Plating Enabling Reliable Wettable Flanks on QFN Packages
Authors: Hovestad Arjan , Basu Tarun , Scanlan Chris
Published: March 2024

The automotive market increasingly uses bottom-termination IC packages, like Quad-Flat No leads (QFN) packages, for miniaturization, cost reduction and performance. QFN lead frames are electroplated with 8?12 um of tin for PCB soldering, but subsequent singulation exposes the copper-alloy lead frame at the cut edges. On these exposed lead flanks a solder fillet does not form, making Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) of solder joints on lead-less packages not reliable. A solder fillet on lead flanks also improves the reliability of solder joints. Therefore, the automotive industry strives for a tin plated wettable flank on lead-less packages. Several approaches, e.g. dimpled or step-cut leads, to create a wettable flank are in use or development. Disadvantage of these methods is that only a part of the flank is tin-plated. Immersion tin plating processes are able to fully plate lead flanks. However, the maximum ~1.5um of standard self-limiting displacement immersion tin processes is too thin to comply with the durability requirements of automotive tin solder finishes. This contribution will discuss an immersion tin-plating process, machine concept and test results for a >2 um tin plated wettable flanks.

The immersion tin plating process consist of the following process steps:

1. A high-pressure spray rinse prevents incomplete tin coverage by removing copper burrs formed during singulation. 2. A selective descaling process removes the natural copper oxide film on the exposed copper leads. 3. A selective activation process creates a high tin nucleation density to obtain a fine-grained tin layer. 4. The autocatalytic immersion tin process plates a 2 ? 3um tin layer in 45-60 minutes at 70-75oC. 5. An anti-tarnish process protects the tin layer against oxidation.

Finally, rinsing and drying remove all traces of the used chemicals from the packages with tin plated flanks.

A machine concept for the immersion tin-plating process is currently under development. The lead-less packages are processed directly on Standard singulation tape rings without repacking or manipulation of the packages. This enables a throughput of 20 tape rings per hour with the full package traceability required for the automotive market.

Different types of QFN packages mounted on singulation tape were tin plated and subjected to standard (JEDEC J-STD-002E) solderability tests for component lead durability. Fine-grained 2-3 um thick pure tin deposit of good visual quality were obtained on the exposed QFN copper lead sidewalls with the following properties:

• 0.5-1.5um residual tin layer after intermetallic formation in 8 h steam aging and 16 h oven bake. • 100% solder wetting after 6h dry bake at 150C • 100% solder wetting after 8h steam aging (93C and 80-90% RH). • 100% solder fillet height after ceramic glass test.
Advanced Packaging Materials and Open Innovation at Resonac
Authors: Abe Hidenori
Published: March 2024

GBC Presentation Outline:

• Corporate Introduction • Introduction of Packaging Solution Center JOINT2 • R Status for Advanced Package
Glass Core Substrates Opportunities for CHIPS and MMI -from Research to Manufacturing
Authors: Swaminathan Madhavan , Leonhard William E.
Published: March 2024

Why is packaging of national importance to the US?

• Global semiconductor industry projected to become a trillion-dollar industry by 2030. • US losing leadership. • 2022: CHIPS for America Act.
New Momentum in Semiconductor: Impact of Ecosystems
Authors: Joly Sylvie
Published: March 2024

Semiconductor: the return of industrial policy.

• World semiconductor economy: Europe’s position • CEA Leti, a European R leader, located in the land of innovation
Clinical outcomes of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in cystic fibrosis patients - a single centre experience
Authors: Devabalan Y , Towning R , Magill J , Saleh H , Rennie C
Published: March 2024

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an established surgical option for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic rhinosinusitis that is refractory to conventional medical management. Objective and subjective evidence of benefit of ESS in this cohort of patients is currently conflicting in the literature. Methodology: A single center retrospective study was undertaken of all CF patients (transplanted and non-transplanted) over the age of 16 who underwent an ESS over a six-year period from 2015 to 2021. Patients on triple-therapy CFTR modulators were excluded. Data was collected on demographics, clinical management, and outcome measures. The objective outcome measures were lung function (%predicted FEV1), pulmonary exacerbations (total number of days of IV antibiotics- both ambulatory and in hospital). The subjective outcome measure was SNOT-22 scores preand 6 months post-operatively. A minimally clinical important difference (MCID) in SNOT-22 scores of 9 points was used. Results: 55 patients were included in our study, with a median age of 31 and 53% females. Median Lund-Mackay scores for the cohort was 13 (3- 24). There was a significant improvement in lung function at 1-year post-surgery, and a significant MCID reduction in SNOT-22 scores at 6 months post-surgery across the cohort. Sub-group analysis revealed a sustained MCID reduction in SNOT-22 scores in both lung-transplanted and native lung groups, and in patients with primary ESS or previous ESS. However, there was no post-operative pulmonary function improvement in lung transplanted patients and patients with previous ESS. There was no impact on the rate of pulmonary exacerbations across the cohort. 2 patients in the cohort died secondary to pulmonary disease. Conclusions: There was a demonstrated clinical and symptomatic benefit of ESS in CF patients in this study. Stricter guidelines for indications for ESS need to be established with regards to CF patients who will undergo ESS in the future.
New paradigm of oral rehydration in patients affected by irritable bowel syndrome with chronic diarrhea
Authors: Chiarelli Marco , De Simone Matilde , Cioffi Gerardo , Cioffi Ugo
Published: March 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea is a very frequent clinical condition characterized by disabling intestinal symptoms. This disease presents with daily abdominal pain for at least 3 months related to defecation and associated with a change in the frequency of bowel movements and the shape of the stool. International surveys about this disease report a global prevalence of about 1.5%. A new amino acid based electrolyte solution has recently been commercialized for oral rehydration in diarrhea. It is composed of water, electrolytes, and five selected amino acids that function as sodium co-transporters without containing glucose. In recent years, some studies explored the effectiveness of the amino acid based electrolyte beverage in oncologic patients with gastrointestinal mucositis, reporting good results. Recently, a prospective study to evaluate the clinical impact of the amino acid based medical beverage was conducted in patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The research was based on a real-life methodology minimizing the disruption of the routine care. One hundred patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea drank a solution based on selected amino acids twice a day for 2 wk. Each enrolled patient completed the study and showed a significant response rate with regard to stool consistency and pain reduction. Based on this data, we can hypothesize that the amino acid based oral rehydration solution could be a valid tool in the treatment of patients affected by irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. It is certainly necessary to plan high-quality clinical trials comparing glucose based oral solutions and amino acid based solutions in patients with persisting diarrhea. Probably in the near future all oral rehydration solutions will contain amino acids.
PERANAN GURU PAUD DALAM MENANAMKAN BUDI PEKERTI PADA ANAK USIA DINI KELOMPOK B TK PERTIWI DESA ULAK MUID
Authors: Susanti Yani , Lestari Kasihani , Kartini Kartini
Published: March 2024

Tujuan Skripsi ini mendiskripsikan tentang bagaimana Peranan guru paud dalam menanamkan budi pekerti pada anak usia dini kelompok B TK Pertiwi Desa Ulak Muid.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, serta dalam proses pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan untuk analisisnya, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah yang di lakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dengan Guru dan dokumentasi. Peranan guru paud dalam menanamkan budi pekerti pada anak usia dini kelompok B TK Pertiwi Desa Ulak Muid sudah cukup baik, karena guru menanamkan keteladan dan kebiasaan pada anak usia dini kelompok B TK Pertiwi sebagian besar anak  TK Pertiwi diantaranya anak sudah disiplin dalam berpakaian, dan siswa sudah sopan santun dalam belajar, berbicara dan berprilaku selain itu guru sangat berperan baik di lapangan maupun dalam pembelajaran guru selalu memberikan keteladan bagi peserta didik.Kata kunci : Peran guru dalam menanaman  Budi Pekerti