bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsep Alkitab tentang Peran Roh Kudus dalam Penginjilan
Authors: Diana Ruat , Silitonga Ayu Rotama
Published: July 2021

Pelayanan merupakan suatu kewajiban bagi setiap orang yang percaya, termasuk pelayanan penginjilan. Dalam pelayanan, orang percaya tidak bekerja sendiri, melainkan dengan bantuan dari Kuasa Roh Kudus. Alkitab menjelaskan bahwa Roh Kudus memberikan kuasa bagi setiap orang untuk memberikan kesaksian di seluruh muka bumi. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini ialah bagaimana konsep Alkitab tentang peran Roh Kudus dalam pelayanan penginjilan? Adapun metode yang digunakan penulis adalah  dengan melakukan studi literature melalui sumber buku dan jurnal yang disatukan menjadi sebuah uraian yang baik. Penulis juga melakukan penelitian teologi dan pendidikan Kristen. Hasil dan simpulan dari penulisan ini ialah Alkitab menegaskan bahwa Roh Kudus berperan penting dalam pelayanan penginjilan, dalam memberikan kuasa atas orang percaya. Ada tiga cara yang dipakai Allah dalam pelayanan Roh Kudus khususnya penginjilan dalam Alkitab. Pertama, Allah menggunakan aktivitas Roh Kudus melalui firman-Nya atau Alkitab. Kedua, Allah menggunakan pelayanan Roh Kudus melalui kesaksian orang-orang percaya. Ketiga, Allah juga secara langsung menggunakan pekerjaan Roh Kudus dalam kehidupan orang-orang percaya supaya mereka bertobat dan menerima Kristus.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND BIOFORTIFICATION OF SELENIUM ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FLOWERING PARAMETERS OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.)
Authors: Fowmina Sulaiha S. , Anburani A. , Anburani A. , Anburani A.
Published: July 2021

A field experiment was carried out to study the “Effect of organic manures and biofortification of selenium on physiological and flowering parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The study was conducted during two seasons viz., Season I (FebruaryMay 2019) and Season II (July-October 2019). The experiment was carried out following the principles of randomized block design with fifteen treatments which were replicated thrice. The organic manures used in the experiment were farmyard manure (25 t ha-1), enriched manure (1 t ha-1) along with consortium of biofertilizers (2 kg ha-1). The selenium in the form of sodium selenate (Na2 SeO4 ) was used at varying concentrations (5, 10 and 20 µg L-1) as soil and foliar application. The physiological parameters viz.,chlorophyll content index and dry matter production per plant were recorded the highest in which EM @ 1 t ha -1 + CBF @ 2 kg ha -1 + Se (20 µg L -1) as foliar was applied. The flowering parameters viz., days to first male flower appearance, node number of first male flower, number of male flowers per vinewere found to be minimum in the treatment that received FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + CBF @ 2 kg ha-1 + Se (20 µg L-1) as foliar application. The days to first female flower appearance, node number of first female flower, number of female flowers per vine, fruit set percentage andsex ratio were observed to be superior in the treatment that received EM @ 1 t ha-1 + CBF @ 2 kg ha-1 + Se (20 µg L-1) as foliar application in both the seasons respectively.
USING COLORED SHADE NETS AND ORGANIC MULCH TO IMPROVE MICROCLIMATE, GROWTH, AND YIELD OF YELLOW SWEET PEPPER
Authors: M.I. Mahmoud , Abuo El-kasem S. A. A.
Published: July 2021

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of using color shade nets and organic mulch on improvement microclimate, growth, yield, and its components and fruit quality of yellow sweet pepper cv. Yellow Star F1 under high temperature. The study was conducted at El- Arish Agriculture Research Station, Agric. Res. Center, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019. The results indicated that application of color shade nets modified microclimate around pepper plants where decreased average monthly of air temperature and light intensity; however, increased air relative humidity compared with unshaded. On the other hand, using black, green, and white shade nets combined with dry vegetable residues mulch followed by barley straw mulch reflected the lowest soil temperature at depths 10 and 20 cm in both growing seasons. Also, the results showed that using green shade nets followed by black shade nets combined with dry vegetable residues or barley straw mulches recorded the highest values for a fresh and dry weight of pepper plant organs. Besides, the highest contents of Chlorophyll b in leaves and vitamin C in fruit juice were obtained when covered by green nets combined with dry vegetable residues mulch in both seasons. Also, results revealed that the interaction between shading of yellow fruit pepper plants by black and green color nets with dry vegetable residues mulch significantly increase average fruit weight and total fruit yield for marketable yield compared to the open field without mulching in the first and second season. For that, it is recommended using of shade color nets (Black and green) with organic mulch (dry vegetable residues mulch and/or barley straw mulch) under high-temperature regions for modifying microclimate conditions of pepper plants and soil to improve growth, productivity, and fruit quality traits.
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF URANIUM TAILINGS: ROLE OF CHELATORS IN TRIGGERING URANIUM ACCUMULATION IN WHEAT
Authors: Jagetiya Bhagawatilal , Jagetiya Bhagawatilal
Published: July 2021

Chelator-assisted phytoextraction has been proposed as a potential tool for phytoremediation of uranium contaminated tailings. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the efficiency of the four various chelators namely, citric acid (CA), oxalic acid (OA), NTA and EDTA and to screen out the most effective chelator with promising concentration of it in increasing the U uptake and accumulation for phytoremedial programmes. Three kilograms of mixture (25:75; tailing: garden soil) was filled in the earthen pots. Treatment pots were prepared by applying- 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 mmol kg-1 concentrations of each of the chelator (CA, OA, NTA and EDTA). Optimum concentrations of the chelators were recorded considering biomass production, tolerance index and U uptake. Each chelator produced severe toxicity symptoms at 12.5 mmol kg-1 treatment level. Lowest depression in respect of growth was observed with NTA while OA and CA were proved less toxic than EDTA. Highest inhibition was recorded in EDTA treatments at respective levels. U uptake and accumulation was concentration dependent for each of the chelator amendment. Maximum U uptake (3.4-fold) in the roots occurred at 2.5 mmol kg-1 of CA while NTA proved to be the weakest for the same purpose. Not with standing, EDTA and NTA are stronger complexion agents than CA but in contrary, the use of CA proved beneficial in U tailing phytoremediation in the present investigation. The growth of the wheat plants was affected by each of the chelator, which in general follows the order: NTA ? OA ? CA ? EDTA, whereas the order for U accumulation was recorded as- CA > EDTA > OA > NTA. On the basis of this study it can be suggested that the use CA over EDTA is better, as it is easily biodegradable, less toxic and has lower leaching risk..
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF RICE ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE GRAMINICOLA UNDER THE DIRECT-SEEDED CONDITION
Authors: R. M Pooja , H Ravindra , H B Narasimhamurthy , M Sehgal , kumar Dushyanth , M B. , Naik, T Basavaraj , K M Satish
Published: July 2021

The present field experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of consortium of different bio-agents viz., Psuedomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus megatherium, organic amendments viz., neem cake, poultry manure and nematicides viz., carbosulfan, carbofuran and fluensulfone for the management of M. graminicola under direct-seeded condition during kharif 2019-20 at the University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga. The results revealed that all the treatments were significantly superior over the untreated check with respect to plant growth parameters and nematode population. However, the plots treated with fluensulfone at 3g/plot was found to be the best treatment as it recorded highest plant height (78.87 cm), root length (18.90 cm) with lowest RKI (2.0), maximum grain yield (36.87 q/ha) and least nematode population (199.00/200g soil) followed by the consortium of bioagents P. fluorescens + T. harzianum + B. megatherium at 20g/m2, carbofuran 3G at 9.9g/ m2, carbosulfan 25 EC at 0.1%, neem cake at 100g/m2 and poultry manure at 100g/m2 respectively.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF THE FARMERS PRACTICING DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS IN MANDYA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA
Authors: N.V Shwetha , Sachan Sharad , Shivalingaiah Y. N.
Published: July 2021

The survey was conducted during 2018-19 in Mandya district of Karnataka to analyse the livelihood security of the farmers practicing divergent farming systems. From Mandya district two taluks were considered i.e., K.R.Pete and Pandavapura. Major farming systems in each taluk were identified after thorough discussion with extension professionals of line departments and interaction with farmers and two predominant farming systems were selected from each taluk i.e., ‘paddy+dairy’ and ‘paddy+dairy+horticulture’ farming systems from K.R.Pete taluk and ‘sugrcane+dairy’ and ‘sugarcane+dairy+horticulture’ farming systems from Pandavapura taluk. For each farming system 30 respondents were selected, hence the total respondents selected was 120. A comprehensive scale was developed to measure livelihood security of the respondents adopting divergent farming systems. The study revealed that, under ‘paddy+dairy’ farming system, more than half (66.66 %) of the farmers fall under poor level of livelihood security. In ‘paddy+dairy+horticulture’ farming system more than two fifth (43.33 %) of the respondents fall under average extent of livelihood security. In case of ‘sugarcane+dairy’ farming system, 40.00 %) of the respondents fall under to poor extent of livelihood security. In case of ‘sugarcane+dairy+horticulture’ farming system, more than half (53.33 %) of the farmers belonged to average level of livelihood security. Furthermore, the results also showed that, there is a symbolic difference between livelihood security of farmers practicing ‘paddy+dairy’ and ‘paddy+dairy+horticulture’ farming systems at 1 per cent level of consequence. The U (6.00) value indicated that, there is a symbolic difference between livelihood security of farmers practicing ‘sugarcane+dairy’ and ‘sugarcane+dairy+horticulture’ at 1 per cent level of significance. The Chi-square value (24.40) indicates there is a symbolic difference between livelihood security of the farmers practicing ‘paddy + dairy’, ‘pa
CHANGE IN INDICATORS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF ECHINACEA PURPUREA SEEDINGS IN THE SECOND YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: Gushchina V.A. , Nikolskaya E.O. , Lobanova N.Yu.
Published: July 2021

The effective implementation of the plants biological potential occurs with a high culture of agriculture, as well as optimal moisture conditions and air temperature. Echinacea Purpurea has long-lasting seed germination and low competition to weeds; therefore, when cultivating it, it is relevant to determine the optimal sowing time and an effective way to combat the weed component. In this case, the study of the photosynthetic apparatus parameters is greatly important. According to the results of studies carried out in 2016 - 2018 on the chernozem-meadow soil of the experimental plot of Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Penza State Agricultural Academy, it was found that, regardless of weather conditions, the largest area of the assimilation surface is formed by sub winter crops with pre-emergent application of herbicide Lazurit and subsequent treatment with Miura in the phase of 2-4 weed leaves, and also with manual removal of segetal vegetation. On average, over three years, it reached its maximum in the flowering period and made up 50.3 and 49.9 thousand m2/ha. The photosynthetic potential on sub winter sowing in the shooting stage exceeded this indicator on early spring crops with double chemical weeding by 1.4 times, and during budding and flowering - by 1.2 times, with manual removal of weeds by 1.2, 1.1 and 1.2 times, respectively. The highest average daily net photosynthesis productivity of 2.73 g/m2 ? day was observed on early spring crops in the flowering phase, especially after a single chemical weeding with Miura’s herbicide.
PARTHENIUM PHYLLODY IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH INDIA: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HOST RANGE OF PHYTOPLASMA WITHIN IMPORTANT CROPS CULTIVATED IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Kumar Singh Santosh , Singh Raghuvanshi A. K. , Singh H. V.
Published: July 2021

Parthenium hysterophorus L. (family Asteraceae) is one of the 10 worst weeds in the world. This weed became the major invasive weed in both arable and grazing lands due to competitiveness and adaptability to different climates and soils. The natural occurrence of phyllody was noticed ~ 10-15% of Parthenium hysterophorus growing wildly along the roadside in Jaunpur, Azamgarh, Gorakhpur, and Varanasi districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, during summer 2010. To test whether Parthenium plants harbor phytoplasma, which may also infect important agricultural crop weeds and cultivated plants in Eastern U.P. India, phyllody symptoms were collected and assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESPONSE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE GROWTH, FLOWERING AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTA. L)
Authors: S Kousika. , Muraleedharan Ajish , Sha K. , karthikeyan P.K. , Praveen Sampath Kumar C. , Joshi J.L. , Nainu A.J. , Nainu A.J. , Nainu A.J. , Nainu A.J. , Nainu A.J. , Nainu A.J. , Nainu A.J. , Nainu A.J.
Published: July 2021

Tagetes is a genus of annual, perennial or herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species have pinnate green leaves. Blooms are naturally occurring in golden, orangeyellow, and white colour, often with maroon highlights. Floral heads are 4 to 6 cm in diameter, generally with both ray florets and disc florets. The present study was conducted at the post graduate research laboratory at Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University to find out the “Effect of plant growth regulators on flowering and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn)”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. There were ten treatments, viz., GA3 100 ppm, GA3 200 ppm and GA3 300 ppm, NAA 100 ppm, NAA 200 ppm, NAA 300 ppm, Ethrel 50 ppm, Ethrel 100 ppm, and Ethrel 150 ppm and control. Among the growth regulators tried, GA3 200 ppm as foliar application on 30 and 60 days after transplanting registered the highest values for plant characters like plant height (47.1 cm), number of branches ( 35.1), days taken to first flower bud appearance (39.3 days), days taken to flower opening (37.6 days), longevity of flower (11.17 days), stalk length (12.1 cm), diameter of flower (7.8 cm), number of flowers per plant (40.3), weight of the single flower (9.1 g), yield of flowers per plant (337 g) and flower yield per plot (11.1 kg). From the present study, it is recommended that spraying of GA3 200 ppm on 30 and 60 days after transplanting improved yield and quality of African marigold flowers.
The Relationship between Cardiovascular Fitness and Body Mass Index to Student Achievement in 5th Grade Hispanic Children of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas
Authors: Valdez Maricela , Hernandez Rosalinda , Garcia Alejandro
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between cardiovascular fitness, body mass index and academic performance in 547 Hispanic children in 5th grade from a Rio Grande Valley school district. The dependent variable, academic performance, was measured by children’s gain score on the STAAR Progress Measure for Reading and Math assessments. The independent variables of physical fitness were measured by scores on cardiovascular fitness and body mass index from the FITNESSGRAM assessment. The statistical and data analysis method used by this study utilized multiple regression. The results revealed that body mass index was correlated with academic performance. Body mass index accounted for a statistically significant variance in math gains while time did not explain any significant variance in math. There was no correlation between reading gains and time and body mass index. The results by weight group revealed a significant correlation between time and reading gains for the normal weight group and a significant correlation between body mass index and math gains for the obese group. These results suggest that at grade 5, consideration be given to body mass index levels of Hispanic children from low-income backgrounds.
An Issue on Identities and Art
Authors: Wielander Gerda , Inwood Heather
Published: July 2021

This issue falls into two thematic sections, one on the politics of Chinese identities, the other on art and collections. The first part deals with possibly the most pertinent topic in Chinese studies at present, and that is the question of Chinese identity, how it relates to China in the narrow sense of the PRC on the one hand and to alternative identity categories on the other. The question is of particular pertinence in the context of the surge of racism against Chinese and other East and Southeast Asian communities since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK and across the world. We alert you to our call for papers on Chinese Identity in an Age of Anti-Asian Racism and #StopAsianHate with a deadline of 15 August. The four articles engaging with the question of identity in this issue address the problematic in different timeframes and with different conceptualisations. The second half of this issue features three articles which each deal with differing aspects of art, aesthetics, and media in the contemporary PRC; it includes the prize-winning essay of the 2020 Early Career Researcher Prize by Angela Becher. We conclude with an elegy on a Hui Muslim mosque. 

Image @ Zhang Xiaotao
Artificial Intelligence Based University Chatbot using Machine Learning
Authors: Khan Zimal Mehboob , Rehman Hafeez-ur , Maqsood Maria , Mehmood Khalid
Published: July 2021

Today the customer support needs 27/7 and the people faced when some issues related to organization they contact the support center and the support centers are people they are sitting to serve the customer care and they need to full fill the requirement of the customer need and demand this should increase the cost of the people setting by day and night for services and organization need to reduce this cost and desire to automate this process. The proposed study will be the replacement for this used in university chatbot for help and support for peoples which are visiting the office this will also decrease the traffic of the admission office some universities are so far away from the city area and people travel a long distance to reach the university for a very ordinary work this will reduce this and allow the office staff to focus on the other productive activities. The University chatbot (UCB) we build the application using the machine learning models that successfully build the model using the machine learning algorithms, DT, RF, SVM, that can response under the domain of the university related help and support and guide the proper way for the use of university website and referee them the proper links and contact to reduce the traffic from physical office visit of the people. The results show that the Random Forest is outperform for the proposed study.
Optimal Day-Ahead Scheduling for Campus Microgrid by using MILP Approach
Authors: Hashmi Sharyar ul Hassan , Ulasyar Abasin , Sheh Zad Haris , Khattak Abraiz , Imran Kashif
Published: July 2021

In this paper, energy management system (EMS) is proposed for institution which helps in reducing the operational cost with the help of using different distributed generators (DGs) and electric vehicles. For this purpose, a scenario is created in which university is connected with national grid having self-powered PV plant, electric vehicles and a diesel generator. Impact of various distributed generators and optimally scheduled energy storage system (ESS) are analyzed for the university campus which helps in reducing operational cost of energy by using campus load data. The proposed model consist of different distributed generators and their effects are observed in various scenarios. Mix Integer linear programming (MILP) is used to get optimized result and then it is compared with Ant Colony Optimization and Linear programming (LP) techniques. Economic and environmental benefits are also discussed. Operational cost was measured and compared and found the role of ESS by using MILP in minimizing operational cost from $798.560 to $756.3850.
Adaptive E-Learning System Using Justification Based Truth Maintenance System
Authors: Ali Tahir Mohammad , Rehman Attique Ur , Nawaz Ali , Butt Wasi Haider
Published: July 2021

In most E-learning systems, educational activities are presented in a static way without bearing in mind the particulars or student levels and skills. Personalization and adaptation of an E-learning management system are dependent on the flexibility of the system in providing different learning and content models to individual students based on their characteristics. In this paper, we suggest an Adaptive E-learning system which is providing adaptability with support of justification-based truth maintenance system. The system is accomplished of signifying students with suitable knowledge fillings and customized learning paths based on the student’s profile, interests, and previous results.
Algorithm and Implementation of Human Following Co-bot using 2D LiDAR
Authors: Khan Rabeea , Yousaf Zeeshan , Memon Asif , Hussain Sajid , Muttalib Abdul
Published: July 2021

Co-bots - collaborative robots are designed to interact directly with humans in close proximity. Some human-robot collaborative applications like surveillance, clinical services, media outlets, defense, and social associations, may require an autonomous robot to have the ability to distinguish and track a person and to follow him around. Smart suitcases and smart trolleys are practical applications of human detection and following co-bots. Initially seen as a special case of object tracking, the task of person following with autonomous robots before long turned into a challenging task of its own especially when using a short-range sensor like laser range scanner. Therefore, we have proposed and implemented an effective algorithm forintelligent detection, tracking, and following a specified target person. The decision is being made by the control unit based on the information obtained from 2D LIDAR mounted at knee height, hence, enabling the mobile co-bot to follow the target in a dynamic environment without any collision.
Cinema as a cultural factor of history. Shaken Aimanov, “The Land of Fathers” (“Atameken”)
Authors:   Candidate of Historical Sciences, docent of the Eurasian Humanities Institute (Nur-Sultan city), jampeissova@list.ru, Janpeissova M.M.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the cinema as a historical cultural phenomenon. The author considers the peculiarities of the historical period of the 1950-1970s which are noted by a short-term development of democratic tendencies in the Soviet society that gave the opportunity to the freer and more successful development of many genres of culture including cinematography. In the Kazakh cinema art the name of the producer Shaken Aimanov who created some author’s films among which “The Land of Fathers” (1966) occupies a peculiar place is well established. On the basis of scientific approaches there are revealed the main methods of Sh.Aimanov’s directing which allowed him alongside the original dramaturgy to use modern innovations of the visual pictorial type and which allowed achieving vivid expressiveness and more credibility of the author’s conception about the past and the present. “The Land of Fathers” remains one of the bright factors of the cultural memory created by the Kazakh producer by means of the cinema language.
Estimating mean molecular weight, carbon number, and OM∕OC with mid-infrared spectroscopy in organic particulate matter samples from a monitoring network
Authors: Yazdani Amir , Dillner Ann M. , Takahama Satoshi
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Organic matter (OM) is a major constituent of fine particulate matter, which contributes significantly to degradation of visibility and radiative forcing, and causes adverse health effects. However, due to its sheer compositional complexity, OM is difficult to characterize in its entirety. Mid-infrared spectroscopy has previously proven useful in the study of OM by providing extensive information about functional group composition with high mass recovery. Herein, we introduce a new method for obtaining additional characteristics such as mean carbon number and molecular weight of these complex organic mixtures using the aliphatic C−H absorbance profile in the mid-infrared spectrum. We apply this technique to spectra acquired non-destructively from Teflon filters used for fine particulate matter quantification at selected sites of the Inter-agency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network. Since carbon number and molecular weight are important characteristics used by recent conceptual models to describe evolution in OM composition, this technique can provide semi-quantitative, observational constraints of these variables at the scale of the network. For this task, multivariate statistical models are trained on calibration spectra prepared from atmospherically relevant laboratory standards and are applied to ambient samples. Then, the physical basis linking the absorbance profile of this relatively narrow region in the mid-infrared spectrum to the molecular structure is investigated using a classification approach. The multivariate statistical models predict mean carbon number and molecular weight that are consistent with previous values of organic-mass-to-organic-carbon (OM/OC) ratios estimated for the network using different approaches. The results are also consistent with temporal and spatial variations in these quantities associated with aging processes and different source classes (anthropogenic, biogenic, and burning sources). For instance, the statistical models estimate higher mean carbon number for urban samples and smaller, more fragmented molecules for samples in which substantial aging is anticipated.
Effect of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on Atmospheric pCO2 Variations
Authors: Boot Amber , Von Der Heydt Anna S. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Proxy records show large variability of atmospheric pCO2 on different time scales. Most often such variations are attributed to a forced response of the carbon cycle to changes in external conditions. Here, we address the problem of internally generated variations in pCO2 due to pure carbon-cycle dynamics. We focus on the effect of the strength of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) on such internal variability. Using the Simple Carbon Project Model v1.0 (SCP-M), which we have extended to represent a suite of nonlinear carbon-cycle feedbacks, we efficiently explore the multi-dimensional parameter space to address the AMOC – pCO2 relationship. We find that climatic boundary conditions, and the representation of biological production in the model are most important for this relationship. When climate sensitivity in our model is increased, we find intrinsic oscillations due to Hopf bifurcations with multi-millennial periods. The mechanism behind these oscillations is clarified and related to the coupling of atmospheric pCO2 and the alkalinity cycle, via the river influx and the sediment outflux. This mechanism is thought to be relevant for explaining atmospheric pCO2 variability during glacial cycles.
A national topographic dataset for hydrological modeling over the contiguous United States
Authors: Zhang Jun , Condon Laura E. , Tran Hoang , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Topography is a fundamental input to hydrologic models critical
for generating realistic streamflow networks as well as infiltration and
groundwater flow. Although there exist several national topographic datasets
for the United States, they may not be compatible with gridded models that
require hydrologically consistent digital elevation models (DEMs). Here, we
present a national topographic dataset developed to support gridded
hydrologic simulations at 1 km and 250 m spatial resolution over the contiguous
United States. The workflow is described step by step in two parts: (a) DEM
processing using a Priority Flood algorithm to ensure hydrologically
consistent drainage networks and (b) slope calculation and smoothing to
improve drainage performance. The accuracy of the derived stream network is
evaluated by comparing the derived drainage area to drainage areas reported
by the national stream gage network. The slope smoothing steps are evaluated
using the runoff simulations with an integrated hydrologic model. Our DEM
product started from the National Water Model DEM to ensure our final
datasets will be as consistent as possible with this existing national
framework. Our analysis shows that the additional processing we provide
improves the consistency of simulated drainage areas and the runoff
simulations that simulate gridded overland flow (as opposed to a network
routing scheme). The workflow uses an open-source R package, and all output
datasets and processing scripts are available and fully documented. All of
the output datasets and scripts for processing are published through CyVerse
at 250 m and 1 km resolution. The DOI link for the dataset is https://doi.org/10.25739/e1ps-qy48 (Zhang and Condon, 2020).
DINOSTRAT: A global database of the stratigraphic and paleolatitudinal distribution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts
Authors: Bijl Peter K.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Mesozoic–Cenozoic organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) biostratigraphy is a crucial tool for relative and absolute age control in complex ancient sedimentary systems. However, stratigraphic ranges of dinocysts are found to be strongly diachronous geographically. A global compilation of state-of-the-art calibrated regional stratigraphic ranges could assist in quantifying regional differences and evaluate underlying causes. For this reason, DINOSTRAT is here initiated – an open source, iterative, community-fed database intended to house all regional chronostratigraphic calibrations of dinocyst events (https://github.com/bijlpeter83/DINOSTRAT.git). DINOSTRAT version 1.0 includes > 8500 entries of first and last occurrences (collectively called “events”) of > 1900 dinocyst taxa, and their absolute ties to the chronostratigraphic time scale of Gradstein et al., 2012. Entries are derived from 199 publications and 189 sedimentary sections. DINOSTRAT interpolates paleolatitudes of regional dinocyst events, allowing evaluation of the paleolatitudinal variability of dinocyst event ages. DINOSTRAT allows for open accessibility and searchability, on region, age, and taxon. This paper presents a selection of the data in DINOSTRAT: (1) the (paleo)latitudinal spread and evolutionary history of modern dinocyst species; (2) the evolutionary patterns and paleolatitudinal spread of dinoflagellate cyst (sub)families; (3) a selection of key dinocyst events which are particularly synchronous. Although several dinocysts show – at the resolution of their calibration – quasi-synchronous event ages, indeed many species have remarkable diachroneity. DINOSTRAT provides the data storage approach by which the community can now start to relate diachroneity to (1) inadequate tie to chronostratigraphic time scales; (2) complications in taxonomic concepts and (3) ocean connectivity and/or the affinities of taxa to environmental conditions.
Synthesizing the impacts of baseflow contribution on C-Q relationships across Australia using a Bayesian Hierarchical Model
Authors: Guo Danlu , Minaudo Camille , Lintern Anna , Bende-Michl Ulrike , Liu Shuci , Zhang Kefeng , Duvert Clément
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The spatial and temporal variation of concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships inform solute and particulate export processes. Previous studies have shown that the extent to which baseflow contributes to streamflow can affect C-Q relationships in some catchments. However, these patterns have not yet been investigated across large spatial scales. To address this, the study aims to assess how baseflow contributions, as defined by the median catchment baseflow index (BFI_m), influence C-Q slopes across 157 catchments in Australia spanning five climate zones. This study focuses on six water quality variables: electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate–nitrite (NOx) and total nitrogen (TN). The impact of baseflow contribution is explored with a novel Bayesian hierarchical model. We found that BFI_m has a strong impact on C-Q slopes. C-Q slopes are largely positive for nutrient species (NOx, TN, SRP and TP) and are steeper in catchments with higher BFI_m across all climate zones (for TN, SRP and TP). On the other hand, we also found a generally higher variation in instantaneous BFI for catchments with high BFI_m. Thus, the steeper C-Q slopes found in catchments with high BFI_m may be a result of a larger variation in water sources and flow pathways between low (baseflow-dominated) and high (quickflow-dominated) flow conditions. In contrast, catchments with low BFI_m may have more homogeneous flow pathways at both low and high flows, resulting in less variable concentrations and thus a flatter C-Q slope. Our model can explain over half of the observed variability in concentration of TSS, EC and P species across all catchments (93 % for EC, 63 % for TP, 63 % for SRP, and 60 % for TSS), while being able to predict C-Q slopes across space by BFI_m. This indicates that our parsimonious model has potential for predicting the C-Q slopes for catchments in different climate zones, and thus improving the predictive capacity for water quality across Australia.
Tandem use of transit time distribution and fraction of young water reveals the dynamic flow paths supporting streamflow at a mountain headwater catchment
Authors: Dwivedi Ravindra , Eastoe Christopher , Knowles John F. , McIntosh Jennifer , Meixner Thomas , Ferre Ty P. A. , Minor Rebecca , Barron-Gafford Greg , Abramson Nathan , Stanley Michael , Chorover Jon
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Current understanding of the dynamic flow paths and subsurface water storages that support streamflow in mountain catchments is inhibited by the lack of long-term hydrologic data and the frequent use of single age tracers that are not applicable to older groundwater reservoirs. To address this, the current study used both multiple metrics and tracers to characterize the transient nature of flow paths with respect to change in catchment storage at Marshall Gulch, a sub-humid headwater catchment in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA. The fraction of streamflow that was untraceable using stable water isotope tracers was also estimated. A Gamma-type transit time distribution (TTD) was appropriate for deep groundwater analysis, but there were errors in the TTD shape parameters arising from the short record length of 3H in deep groundwater and stream water, and inconsistent seasonal cyclicity of the precipitation 3H time series data. Overall, the mean transit time calculated from 3H data was more than two decades greater than the mean transit time based on δ18O at the same site. The fraction of young water (Fyw) in shallow groundwater was estimated from δ18O time series data using weighted wavelet transform (WWT), iteratively re-weighted least squares (IRLS), and TTD-based methods. Estimates of Fyw depended on sampling frequency, the method of estimation, bedrock geology, hydroclimate, and factors affecting streamflow generation processes. The coupled use of Fyw and discharge sensitivity indicated highly dynamic flow paths that reorganized with changes in shallow catchment storage. The utility of 3H to determining Fyw in deeper groundwater was limited by data quality. Given that Fyw, discharge sensitivity, and mean transit time all yield unique information, this work demonstrates how co-application of multiple methods can yield a more complete understanding of the transient flow paths and observable storage volumes that contribute to streamflow in mountain headwater catchments.
Insights into the isotopic mismatch between bulk soil water and Salix matsudana Koidz trunk water from root water stable isotope measurements
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wang Li
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Increasing numbers of field studies have detected
isotopic mismatches between plant trunk water and its potential sources.
However, the cause of these isotopic offsets is not clear, and it is
uncertain whether they occur during root water uptake or during water
transmission from root to trunk. Thus, we measured the specific isotopic
composition (δ2H and δ18O) of each component
(e.g. bulk soil water, mobile water, groundwater, trunk water and root
water of Salix matsudana Koidz trees) in the
soil–root–trunk continuum with a resolution of about 3 days. We report three main findings. First, we detected
a clear separation between the isotopic compositions of mobile water and bulk soil water, but the distinction between mobile water and bulk soil water
gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. Second, root water composition deviated
from bulk soil water isotopic composition but overlapped with the
composition derived for less mobile water. The maximum differences in
δ2H and δ18O between bulk soil water and root
water were −8.6 ‰ and −1.8 ‰, respectively. Third,
trunk water was only isotopically similar to root water at 100–160 cm depths, and it remained stable during the experimental period, suggesting
that the trees consistently used the stable deep water source. In
conclusion, the isotopic offset between bulk soil water and trunk water of
S. matsudana reflected an isotopic mismatch between root water and bulk soil water
associated with the heterogeneity of the soil water. Our results illuminate
relationships between the isotopic compositions of soil waters of various
mobilities, root water and trunk water that may be useful for advancing our
understanding of root water uptake and transport.
Automated landslide detection outperforms manual mapping for several recent large earthquakes
Authors: Milledge David Graham , Bellugi Dino G. , Watt Jack , Densmore Alexander Logan
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Earthquakes in mountainous areas can trigger thousands of co-seismic landslides, causing significant damage, hampering relief efforts, and rapidly redistributing sediment across the landscape. Efforts to understand the controls on these landslides rely heavily on manually mapped landslide inventories, but these are costly and time-consuming to collect, and their reproducibility is not typically well constrained. Here we develop a new automated landslide detection algorithm (ALDI) based on pixel-wise NDVI differencing of Landsat time series within Google Earth Engine accounting for seasonality. We compare classified inventories to manually mapped inventories from five recent earthquakes: 2005 Kashmir, 2007 Aisen, 2008 Wenchuan, 2010 Haiti, and 2015 Gorkha. We test the ability of ALDI to recover landslide locations (using ROC curves) and landslide sizes (in terms of landslide area-frequency statistics). We find that ALDI more skilfully identifies landslides than published inventories in 10 of 14 cases when ALDI is locally optimised, and in 8 of 14 cases both when ALDI is globally optimised and in holdback testing. These results reflect both good performance of the automated approach but also surprisingly poor performance of manual mapping, which has implications not only for how future classifiers are tested but also for the interpretations that are based on these inventories. We conclude that ALDI already represents a viable alternative to manual mapping in terms of its ability to identify landslide-affected image pixels. Its fast run-time, cost-free image requirements and near-global coverage make it an attractive alternative with the potential to significantly improve the coverage and quantity of landslide inventories. Its simplicity (pixel-wise analysis only) and parsimony of inputs (optical imagery only) suggests that considerable further improvement should be possible.
Quantitative interpretation of risk potential of beach erosion due to coastal zone development
Authors: Lim Changbin , Kim Taekon , Lee Sahong , Yeon Yoon Jeong , Lee Jung Lyul
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Coastal erosion is more severe due to human-induced coastal zone development in addition to natural climate change. Anthropogenic development affecting coastal erosion is divided into three areas; watersheds, coastal waters, and coastal land areas. In this study, the ultimate effect of anthropogenic development on changes in the amount of sand, changes in the littoral drift, and changes in shoreline variability in these three planar areas is expressed as quantitative risk potential of beach erosion damage, defined as a change in the planar surface of the sand beach. The change in the amount of sand is due to the law of conservation of matter, and the littoral drift characteristic of sand is interpreted as a change in the main crest line at the breaking point, and the response characteristics of shoreline position is interpreted as change in the erodibility and recovery characteristics of beach sand. This quantitative method was applied to Bongpo-Cheonjin Beach of erosion grade D (frequency of erosion damage within 5 years) in Gangwon-do, Korea to identify the cause of erosion and evaluate the detailed applicability of this method. It was interpreted using a series of aerial photographs taken from 1972 to 2017 and survey data obtained from the erosion rating project started in 2010. In the erosion rating project, the GPS shoreline survey of 4 times per year and the sand sampling at the swash zones of base line at 150 m intervals are mainly carried out. We showed the feasibility of methodology evaluating the risk potential for beach erosion proposed in this study, and it can be expected that this method will be applicable to eroded beaches elsewhere.
Twentieth century global glacier mass change: an ensemble-based model reconstruction
Authors: Malles Jan-Hendrik , Marzeion Ben
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Negative glacier mass balances in most of Earth's glacierized regions contribute roughly one-quarter to currently observed rates of sea-level rise and have likely contributed an even larger fraction during the 20th century. The distant past and future of glaciers' mass balances, and hence their contribution to sea-level rise, can only be estimated using numerical models. Since, independent of complexity, models always rely on some form of parameterizations and a choice of boundary conditions, a need for optimization arises. In this work, a model for computing monthly mass balances of glaciers on the global scale was forced with nine different data sets of near-surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies, as well as with their mean and median, leading to a total of 11 different forcing data sets. The goal is to better constrain the glaciers' 20th century sea-level budget contribution and its uncertainty. Therefore, five global parameters of the model's mass balance equations were varied systematically, within physically plausible ranges, for each forcing data set. We then identified optimal parameter combinations by cross-validating the model results against in situ annual specific mass balance observations, using three criteria: model bias, temporal correlation, and the ratio between the observed and modeled temporal standard deviation of specific mass balances. These criteria were chosen in order not to trade lower error estimates by means of the root mean squared error (RMSE) for an unrealistic interannual variability. We find that the disagreement between the different optimized model setups (i.e., ensemble members) is often larger than the uncertainties obtained via the leave-one-glacier-out cross-validation, particularly in times and places where few or no validation data are available, such as the first half of the 20th century. We show that the reason for this is that in regions where mass balance observations are abundant, the meteorological data are also better constrained, such that the cross-validation procedure only partly captures the uncertainty of the glacier model. For this reason, ensemble spread is introduced as an additional estimate of reconstruction uncertainty, increasing the total uncertainty compared to the model uncertainty merely obtained by the cross-validation. Our ensemble mean estimate indicates a sea-level contribution by global glaciers (outside of the ice sheets; including the Greenland periphery but excluding the Antarctic periphery) for 1901–2018 of 69.2 ± 24.3 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE), or 0.59 ± 0.21 mm SLE yr−1. While our estimates lie within the uncertainty range of most of the previously published global estimates, they agree less with those derived from GRACE data, which only cover the years 2002–2018.
Correction to: Milani, G., Demattè, G., Ferioli, M., Dallagà, G., Lavezzi, S., Basaglia, N., & Straudi, S. (2021). Telerehabiltation in Italy During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study . International Journal of Telerehabilitation
Authors: Cohn Ellen R.
Published: July 2021

In the metadata for Milani, G., Demattè, G., Ferioli, M., Dallagà, G., Lavezzi, S., Basaglia, N., & Straudi, S. (2021). Telerehabiltation in Italy During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Feasibility and Acceptability Study . International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2021.6334, acceptability was misspelled in the title (i.e., acceptability) by the journal editor.
The metadata for the original article has been corrected.
A perspective from the periphery: Re-imagining regional North Queensland women’s stories using historical fiction
Authors: Henry Louise
Published: July 2021

In popular published accounts from settlement and into the early part of the twentieth

century the North Queensland region was often portrayed as ‘wild’. This is a

perception ripe for re-examination, particularly from the perspective of women of

lower socio-economic standing, and something I am exploring through my own

creative work. Writing historical fiction about my grandmother’s life in North

Queensland in the first half of the twentieth century requires me to consider strategies

to ethically re-imagine a peripheral history that is specific to regional geography,

class, and gender. Such a task is complicated by the limited source material available

about the lived experiences of poorer women living in North Queensland. The most

fruitful sources are often first-hand accounts such as life writing, personal

recollections, memoirs, letters, or journals. Along with oral histories, these artefacts

make up the bulk of the primary archival material that forms the background and

contextual groundwork for my historical fiction. These sources are highly individual

accounts specific to the time, place and era in which they were written. Historical

fiction relies on an ‘authenticity effect’ (Padmore 2017) to effectively build a past

world, and this article explores some of the ways these primary sources can be

utilised and integrated in historical fiction to effectively and ethically represent

women living in the margins.