bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photo-addressable microwell devices for rapid functional screening and isolation of pathogen inhibitors from bacterial strain libraries
Authors: Barua Niloy , Herken Ashlee M. , Melendez-Velador Natalie , Platt Thomas G. , Hansen Ryan R.
Published: February 2024

Discovery of new strains of bacteria that inhibit pathogen growth can facilitate improvements in biocontrol and probiotic strategies. Traditional, plate-based co-culture approaches that probe microbial interactions can impede this discovery as these methods are inherently low-throughput, labor-intensive, and qualitative. We report a second-generation, photo-addressable microwell device, developed to iteratively screen interactions between candidate biocontrol agents existing in bacterial strain libraries and pathogens under increasing pathogen pressure. Microwells (0.6 pl volume) provide unique co-culture sites between library strains and pathogens at controlled cellular ratios. During sequential screening iterations, library strains are challenged against increasing numbers of pathogens to quantitatively identify microwells containing strains inhibiting the highest numbers of pathogens. Ring-patterned 365 nm light is then used to ablate a photodegradable hydrogel membrane and sequentially release inhibitory strains from the device for recovery. Pathogen inhibition with each recovered strain is validated, followed by whole genome sequencing. To demonstrate the rapid nature of this approach, the device was used to screen a 293-membered biovar 1 agrobacterial strain library for strains inhibitory to the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens sp. 15955. One iterative screen revealed nine new inhibitory strains. For comparison, plate-based methods did not uncover any inhibitory strains from the library (n = 30 plates). The novel pathogen-challenge screening mode developed here enables rapid selection and recovery of strains that effectively suppress pathogen growth from bacterial strain libraries, expanding this microwell technology platform toward rapid, cost-effective, and scalable screening for probiotics, biocontrol agents, and inhibitory molecules that can protect against known or emerging pathogens.
On the dynamics of coalescence between droplets and partially filled microgrooves
Authors: Kumar Raushan , Sharma Chander Shekhar
Published: February 2024

When water vapor condenses on a hydrophobic surface equipped with microgrooves, a unique phenomenon of coalescence between droplets growing on the ridges and the microgrooves partially imbibed with a condensate is manifested. Such coalescence is distinctly different from droplet–droplet coalescence and can trigger rapid removal of the condensate from the surface, a critical requirement for high thermodynamic efficiency of condensation. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of this coalescence process. We develop an experimentally validated, three-dimensional, volume of fluid method-based numerical modeling framework that accounts for dynamic contact angle variation during contact line motion. The condensate wetting the microgroove forms a liquid column with a meniscus pinned to the microgroove edges. We show that ridge droplet coalescence with this pinned meniscus triggers capillary ripples that traverse the microgroove in transverse and longitudinal directions and can trigger the depinning of the contact line from the opposing edge depending on the size of the coalescing droplet. The contact line depins when the local contact angle at the opposing edge reaches ∼180° and, simultaneously, the kinetic energy converted from the excess surface energy available reaches a maximum. Additionally, we show that the overall coalescence process is significantly affected by the microgroove aspect ratio. For the same liquid volume, relatively shallower microgrooves cause the condensate to overflow, thus attaining a morphology akin to large droplets in the Wenzel state. As a result, the coalescence dynamics on such microgrooved surfaces are similar to that on a planar surface.
Cavitation diagnosis method of centrifugal pump based on characteristic frequency and kurtosis
Authors: Liu Yan , Wu Denghao , Fei Minghao , Deng Jiaqi , Li Qi , Wu Zhenxing , Gu Yunqing , Mou Jiegang
Published: February 2024

Centrifugal pumps are important equipment in industrial production. At present, vibration signals are often used to diagnose cavitation in centrifugal pumps, but the vibration signals are easy to be disturbed and the fault characteristics are unstable to be detected. In this paper, a single stage centrifugal pump is taken as the study object, and the vibration signals of various parts of the centrifugal pump cavitation state are collected under different flow conditions. The short-time Fourier transform and one-third octave analysis are performed on the filtered signals, and the characteristic frequency of cavitation and the energy near the characteristic frequency with the development of cavitation are obtained. Based on vibration signals, the vibration root mean square (rms) and kurtosis values of different cavitation states are obtained. Flow state, kurtosis, and rms are used as input variables in the double-layer backpropagation neural network model to identify and classify the cavitation states of centrifugal pumps. The results show that the trained neural network model can accurately identify and classify the cavitation state of the centrifugal pump under the conditions of low flow rate, rated flow rate, and large flow rate, and the accuracy is more than 99.5%. This study provides a new technique for diagnosing cavitation in centrifugal pumps.
Grad's 13 moments-based gas kinetic flux solver with triangle unstructured meshes for simulating continuum and rarefied fluid flows
Authors: Li Zhe , Wang Gui-Peng , Zou Xian-Feng , Wang Xiao-Ming , Liu Kun
Published: February 2024

A numerical framework based on the gas kinetic flux solver (GKFS) with unstructured meshes of triangle cells has been proposed and assessed in this work. Like conventional GKFS, the present scheme only updates the cell-average macroscopic conservative variables in time, thereby saving computational costs. At each cell interface, the numerical normal flux is computed with the GKFS scheme proposed by Liu et al. [J. Comput. Phys. 415, 109548 (2020)], in which the distribution functions at the surrounding points are reconstructed with the Grad's 13 moments (G13). Additionally, a solid wall boundary condition treatment has been proposed in the present G13-GKFS framework, which allows one to model from purely specular to perfectly thermalized solid walls. The present framework has been validated with the steady cylindrical Couette flow, the lid-driven cavity flow, the unsteady Rayleigh flow, and the rarefied flow around the NACA0012 airfoil test-cases, where good agreements are found with references for a quite wide range of flow regimes, from continuum to transitional flow regimes.
Mechanism of branching morphogenesis inspired by diatom silica formation
Authors: Babenko Iaroslav , Kröger Nils , Friedrich Benjamin M.
Published: February 2024

The silica-based cell walls of diatoms are prime examples of genetically controlled, species-specific mineral architectures. The physical principles underlying morphogenesis of their hierarchically structured silica patterns are not understood, yet such insight could indicate novel routes toward synthesizing functional inorganic materials. Recent advances in imaging nascent diatom silica allow rationalizing possible mechanisms of their pattern formation. Here, we combine theory and experiments on the model diatom
Thalassiosira pseudonana
to put forward a minimal model of branched rib patterns—a fundamental feature of the silica cell wall. We quantitatively recapitulate the time course of rib pattern morphogenesis by accounting for silica biochemistry with autocatalytic formation of diffusible silica precursors followed by conversion into solid silica. We propose that silica deposition releases an inhibitor that slows down up-stream precursor conversion, thereby implementing a self-replicating reaction–diffusion system different from a classical Turing mechanism. The proposed mechanism highlights the role of geometrical cues for guided self-organization, rationalizing the instructive role for the single initial pattern seed known as the primary silicification site. The mechanism of branching morphogenesis that we characterize here is possibly generic and may apply also in other biological systems.
The post-modal grammaticalisation of concessive may and might
Authors: Leclercq Benoît
Published: February 2024

The decline of certain core modals in English, including may and might, is a
well-documented phenomenon (cf. Daugs 2017). It is less clear, however, whether this
tendency will lead to the loss of these modals or whether other changes are also underway. I aim to address this issue by looking
at the use of may and might in concessive clauses. I will first present the results of a corpus
study (COHA) aimed at understanding the diachronic development of concessive may and might. The
analysis reveals a significant increase of may and might in concessive contexts since the 1960s,
especially in factual concessives with but. This new finding is important as it shows that, though decreasing in
frequency, the two modals are developing new patterns of use. This raises the question whether the status of may
and might as modal verbs is also changing. I argue that the two verbs are going through a process of post-modal
(secondary) grammaticalisation and constructionalisation, and that the concessive meaning is linked to the more complex
‘subj {may/might} VP, but-clause’ construction. I also
claim that, within the paradigm of concessive constructions, those with may and might are best
viewed as hedged concessives that serve politeness purposes.
Production of the X(4014) as the Spin-2 Partner of X(3872) in e
+
e
− Collisions
Authors: Shi Pan-Pan , Baru Vadim , Guo Feng-Kun , Hanhart Christoph , Nefediev Alexey
Published: February 2024

In 2021, the Belle collaboration reported the first observation of a new structure in the ψ(2S)γ final state produced in the two-photon fusion process. In the hadronic molecule picture, this new structure can be associated with the shallow isoscalar

D
*

D
¯

*

bound state and as such is an excellent candidate for the spin-2 partner of the X(3872) with the quantum numbers J
PC = 2++ conventionally named X
2. In this work we evaluate the electronic width of this new state and argue that its nature is sensitive to its total width, the experimental measurement currently available being unable to distinguish between different options. Our estimates demonstrate that the planned Super τ-Charm Facility offers a promising opportunity to search for and study this new state in the invariant mass distributions for the final states J/ψγ and ψ(2S)γ.
Dynamical analysis of coupled curvature-matter scenario in viable f(R) dark energy models at de Sitter phase
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban
Published: February 2024

We explore the interaction between dark matter and curvature-driven dark energy within viable f(R) gravity models, employing the phase-space analysis approach of linear stability theory. By incorporating an interacting term, denoted as

Q

=
α
H

ρ
~

m

(

κ
2

3

H
2

ρ
curv

+
1
)

, into the continuity equations of both sectors, we examine dynamics of two f(R) gravity models that adhere to local gravity constraints and fulfill cosmological viability criteria. In de Sitter phase, our investigation reveals modifications of critical points compared to the conventional form, attributed to the introduced interaction. Through a comprehensive phase-space analysis, we illustrate the trajectories near critical points and outline the constraints on the phase space based on cosmological and cosmographic parameters. Furthermore, we can also observe stable behavior of this interacting system during the de Sitter phase of the Universe.
Revisiting the bound states of a confined delta potential
Authors: Ramos Luiz G M , de Castro Antonio S
Published: February 2024

The stationary states of a particle under the influence of a delta potential confined by impenetrable walls are investigated using the method of expansion in orthogonal functions. The eigenfunctions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation are expressed in closed form by using a pair of closed-form expressions for series available in the literature. The analysis encompasses both attractive and repulsive potentials with arbitrary couplings. Confinement significantly impacts the quantum states and introduces a scenario of double degeneracy including the ground state. Analysis extends to discuss the transition to unconfinement. This research holds particular significance for educators and students engaged in mathematical methods applied to physics and quantum mechanics within undergraduate courses, offering valuable insights into the complex relationships among profiles of potentials, boundary conditions, and the resulting quantum phenomena.
Shape and orientation classification of objects based on their electromagnetic signatures using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zaky Yasmina , Fortino Nicolas , Miramond Benoit , Dauvignac Jean-Yves
Published: February 2024

This study addresses the classification of objects using their electromagnetic signatures with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on noiseless data. The singularity expansion method (SEM) was applied to establish a compact model that accurately represents the ultra-wideband scattered field (SF) of an object, independently of its orientation and observation angle. To perform the classification, we used a CNN associated with a noise-robust SEM technique to classify different objects based on their characteristic parameters. To validate this approach, we compared the performance of the classifier with and without SEM pre-processing of the SF for different noise levels and for object sizes not present in the training set. Moreover, we propose a procedure that determines the direction of the receiving antenna and orientation of an object based on the residues associated with each complex natural resonance. This classification procedure using pre-processed SEM data is promising and easy to train, especially when generalizing to object sizes not included in the training set.
Evaluation of risks of cardiovascular disease from radiation exposure linked to computed tomography scans in the UK
Authors: Martin Colin J , Barnard Michael , de Vocht Frank
Published: February 2024

Epidemiological studies of patient populations have shown that high doses of radiation increase risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results from a recent meta-analysis of 93 epidemiological studies covering a wide range of doses provided evidence of a causal association between radiation exposure and CVD, and indicated excess relative risk per Gy for maximum dose below 500 mGy or delivered at low dose rates. These doses cover the range of organ doses expected from multiple diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans. Dose-effect factors for the excess absolute risk of mortality from CVD following radiation exposure were derived from the meta-analysis. The present study uses these factors to estimate excess risks of mortality for various types of CVD, including cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), from CT scans of the body and head, assuming that the meta-analytic factors were accurate and represented a causal relationship. Estimates are based on cumulative doses to the heart and brain from CT scans performed on 105 574 patients on 12 CT scanners over a period of 5½ years. The results suggest that the excess number of deaths from CeVD could be 7 or 26 per 100 000 patients depending whether threshold brain doses of 200 mGy or 50 mGy, respectively are assumed. These results could have implications for head CT scans. However, the results rely on the validity of risk factors derived in the meta-analysis informing this assessment and which include significant uncertainties. Further incidence studies should provide better information on risk factors and dose thresholds, particularly for CeVD following head CT scans.
Research on high-precision tracking and localization of industrial robots based on iGPS
Authors: Han Rui , Dunker Thomas , Trostmann Erik , Xu Zhigang
Published: February 2024

High-precision tracking and localization of the end of industrial robots is one of the most important technologies to realize high efficiency, high precision, and high safety of robots. Indoor global positioning system (iGPS), as a widely used indoor measurement system, has many advantages that cannot be replaced by other measurement devices, such as high scalability, simultaneous measurement of multiple targets, etc. However, due to the unique measurement principle of iGPS, it does not have good dynamic measurement performance. In order to enhance the dynamic measurement performance of iGPS and maximize its advantages, this paper proposes a correction algorithm that can effectively improve the dynamic measurement accuracy of iGPS based on the ideas of ‘transforming motion into static’ and ‘equivalent substitution’ after in-depth research on the measurement principle of iGPS. To verify the correctness of the mathematical principle of the algorithm and the value of engineering application, this paper has carried out a MATLAB simulation test and real measurement test. The experimental results show that the proposed correction algorithm can effectively improve the dynamic measurement accuracy of iGPS, and the correction algorithm can reduce the global error of the measurement results to within 0.1 mm in any robot trajectory and reasonable speed range, which is in line with the general requirements of industrial measurement.
Quantitative assessment of carotid ultrasound diameter measurements in the operating room: a comparable analysis of long-axis versus rotated and tilted orientation
Authors: de Boer Esmée C , Dinis Fernandes Catarina , van Neerven Danihel , Pennings Christoph , Joshi Rohan , Manzari Sabina , Shulepov Sergei , van Knippenberg Luuk , van Rooij John , Bouwman R Arthur , Mischi Massimo
Published: February 2024

Objective. Carotid ultrasound (US) has been studied as a non-invasive alternative for hemodynamic monitoring. A long-axis (LA) view is traditionally employed but is difficult to maintain and operator experience may impact the diameter estimates, making it unsuitable for monitoring. Preliminary results show that a new, i.e. rotated and tilted (RT) view is more robust to motion and less operator-dependent. This study aimed to quantitatively assess common carotid diameter estimates obtained in a clinical setting from an RT view and compare those to corresponding estimates obtained using other views. Approach. Carotid US measurements were performed in 30 adult cardiac-surgery patients (26 males, 4 females) with short-axis (SA), LA, and RT probe orientations, the first being used as a reference for measuring the true vessel diameter. Per 30 s acquisition, the median and spread in diameter values were computed, the latter representing a measure of robustness, and were statistically compared between views. Main results. The median (IQR) over all the patients of the median diameter per 30 s acquisition was 7.15 (1.15) mm for the SA view, 7.03 (1.51) mm for the LA view, and 6.99 (1.72) mm for the RT view. The median spread in diameter values was 0.18 mm for the SA view, 0.16 mm for the LA view, and 0.18 mm for the RT view. There were no statistically significant differences between views in the median diameter values (p = 0.088) or spread (p = 0.122). Significance. The RT view results in comparable and equally robust median carotid diameter values compared to the reference. These findings open the path for future studies investigating the use of the RT view in new applications, such as in wearable ultrasound devices.
Respiratory gating improves correlation between pulse wave transit time and pulmonary artery pressure in experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Mueller-Graf Fabian , Frenkel Paul , Merz Jonas , Reuter Susanne , Vollmar Brigitte , Tusman Gerardo , Pulletz Sven , Böhm Stephan H. , Zitzmann Amelie , Reuter Daniel A , Adler Andy
Published: February 2024

Objective. Since pulse wave transit time (PWTT) shortens as pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increases it was suggested as a potential non-invasive surrogate for PAP. The state of tidal lung filling is also known to affect PWTT independently of PAP. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to test whether respiratory gating improved the correlation coefficient between PWTT and PAP. Approach. In each one of five anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs two high-fidelity pressure catheters were placed, one directly behind the pulmonary valve, and the second one in a distal branch of the pulmonary artery. PAP was raised using the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 and animals were ventilated in a pressure controlled mode (I:E ratio 1:2, respiratory rate 12/min, tidal volume of 6 ml kg−1). All signals were recorded using the multi-channel platform PowerLab®. The arrival of the pulse wave at each catheter tip was determined using a MATLAB-based modified hyperbolic tangent algorithm and PWTT calculated as the time interval between these arrivals. Main results. Correlation coefficient for PWTT and mean PAP was r = 0.932 for thromboxane. This correlation coefficient increased considerably when heart beats either at end-inspiration (r = 0.978) or at end-expiration (r = 0.985) were selected (=respiratory gating). Significance. The estimation of mean PAP from PWTT improved significantly when taking the respiratory cycle into account. Respiratory gating is suggested to improve for the estimation of PAP by PWTT.
Cerebral asymmetry representation learning-based deep subdomain adaptation network for electroencephalogram-based emotion recognition
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Yongxiong , Wan Xin , Tang Yiheng
Published: February 2024

Objective. Extracting discriminative spatial information from multiple electrodes is a crucial and challenging problem for electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition. Additionally, the domain shift caused by the individual differences degrades the performance of cross-subject EEG classification. Approach. To deal with the above problems, we propose the cerebral asymmetry representation learning-based deep subdomain adaptation network (CARL-DSAN) to enhance cross-subject EEG-based emotion recognition. Specifically, the CARL module is inspired by the neuroscience findings that asymmetrical activations of the left and right brain hemispheres occur during cognitive and affective processes. In the CARL module, we introduce a novel two-step strategy for extracting discriminative features through intra-hemisphere spatial learning and asymmetry representation learning. Moreover, the transformer encoders within the CARL module can emphasize the contributive electrodes and electrode pairs. Subsequently, the DSAN module, known for its superior performance over global domain adaptation, is adopted to mitigate domain shift and further improve the cross-subject performance by aligning relevant subdomains that share the same class samples. Main Results. To validate the effectiveness of the CARL-DSAN, we conduct subject-independent experiments on the DEAP database, achieving accuracies of 68.67% and 67.11% for arousal and valence classification, respectively, and corresponding accuracies of 67.70% and 67.18% on the MAHNOB-HCI database. Significance. The results demonstrate that CARL-DSAN can achieve an outstanding cross-subject performance in both arousal and valence classification.
Electronic transport properties of WS2 using ensemble Monte Carlo method
Authors: Alyörük M Derya
Published: February 2024

The electronic transport characteristics of tungsten disulfide (WS2) sheets are studied using the ensemble Monte Carlo technique in the presence of intrinsic scattering mechanisms only. The transport properties of the material are obtained in a two-valley model where intra- and inter-valley scatterings are considered in K and Q valleys. The velocity overshoot effect is observed for some applied field values. Negative differential phenomena are seen for some values of the energy difference between K and Q valleys (

Δ

E

K
Q

), therefore

Δ

E

K
Q

and the effective mass of carriers in the Q valley has a critical role in the transport and mobility characteristics of WS2. The mobility of carriers is calculated as a function of temperature and the results are compatible with some existing theoretical and experimental predictions.
Bayesian approach of elliptical loci and RAPID for damage localization in wind turbine blade
Authors: Lu Jieshan , Zheng Yuqiao , Zhang Heyu , Cao Yongyong
Published: February 2024

This investigation addresses the issue of damage detection and localization in wind turbine blade laminates. This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates the elliptical trajectory and probabilistic imaging method using the Bayesian framework. This method employs multiple damage-sensitive features to enhance the reliability and robustness of sensor arrays. The algorithm is optimized by analyzing the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in composite blade laminates. A numerical simulation is conducted on a 1.5 MW wind turbine blade laminate model, incorporating the scattered wave signal, wave arrival time, and correlation coefficient as damage characteristic signals. Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method is adopted to obtain the posterior distribution of the damage location and achieve accurate localization of blade delamination damage. The experimental results indicate that the damage localization algorithm, which utilizes the Bayesian approach, achieves an accuracy of approximately 97.04% in localizing delamination damage in blade laminates.
A fast actuated soft gripper based on shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Li Xiaozheng , Ma Yongxian , Wu Chuang , Wang Youzhan , Zhou Shoujun , Gao Xing , Cao Chongjing
Published: February 2024

The application of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated soft grippers is limited by their slow recovery speed. In order to further expand their application range, as one of the solutions to address this limitation, this paper proposes a fast actuated soft gripper based on SMA wire active heat dissipation and elastic rib combination to meet the rapid actuation and recovery. The structure primarily consists of a heat dissipation module capable of winding SMA wire and a soft structure resembling a scorpion tail with embedded supper elastic SMA wire. The geometric structure model, dynamics and SMA constitutive model and finite element model of the soft gripper are established, and the lateral deformation of soft bionic scorpion tail end is analyzed through simulations and experiments. In addition, the force in designed soft gripper tip and its ability to grasp different objects are also studied through experiments. The results show that the addition of a cooling fan increased the recovery rate by about 25%, and the force in soft bionic scorpion tail end can reach about 0.12 N. The designed soft gripper can successfully grasp objects with different softness, shape, size and weight. It lays a theoretical foundation and technical support for the development of soft grippers actuated by SMA in the future.
A superconducting switch using induced current in the closed loop circuit
Authors: Li Gengyao , Li Chao , Xin Ying , Li Bin
Published: February 2024

Superconducting magnets have been applied in many fields because of the high magnetic field and the low loss. In order to energize superconducting magnets and operate them in the persistent current mode, the superconducting switch is essential. Recently, a superconducting switch using the interaction between the DC transport current and induced current in a closed loop circuit has been proposed, which cannot only respond fast, but also operate efficiently. In this work, an analytical model based on equivalent circuit is proposed to explain the working principle of this type of superconducting switch. An experimental protype is built to investigate its electromagnetic behaviors and working performance. Impacting factors of the voltage across the superconducting switch have been clarified based on experimental results. The method based on asymmetric AC magnetic field is proposed to enhance the average voltage across the superconducting switch and its performance has been verified through experimental tests. Besides, the advantages and application prospects of the superconducting switch are discussed.
Competition between drift and topological transport of colloidal particles in twisted magnetic patterns
Authors: Stuhlmüller Nico C X , Fischer Thomas M , de las Heras Daniel
Published: February 2024

We simulate the motion of paramagnetic particles between two magnetic patterns with hexagonal symmetry that are twisted at a magic angle. The resulting Morié pattern develops flat channels in the magnetic potential along which colloidal particles can be transported via a drift force of magnitude larger than a critical value. Colloidal transport is also possible via modulation loops of a uniform external field with time varying orientation, in which case the transport is topologically protected. Drift and topological transport compete or cooperate giving rise to several transport modes. Cooperation makes it possible to move particles at drift forces weaker than the critical force. At supercritical drift forces the competition between the transport modes results e.g. in an increase of the average speed of the particles in integer steps and in the occurrence of subharmonic responses. We characterize the system with a dynamical phase diagram of the average particle speed as a function of the direction of the topological transport and the magnitude of the drift force.
Deficiency-induced absence of topological insulator behavior in antiperovskite Dirac metal oxide Sr3-x SnO: a DFT study
Authors: Zergou Ismail , Zaari Halima , Benyoussef Abdelilah , El Kenz Abdallah
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on Sr3SnO (SSO), an antiperovskite Dirac metal-oxide (ADMO), that exhibits improved and enhanced physical properties when decreasing the number of Strontium (Sr) atoms in the crystal structure Sr3-xSnO. Stability and electronic properties calculations were performed using the density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, transport and thermoelectric properties were determined by solving the Boltzmann transport equation implemented in BoltzTraP code. We report a topological insulator behavior when applying spin–orbit coupling (SOC) to pristine SSO. This behavior became absent when Sr concentration decreased. Moreover, when increasing oxygen concentration (Sr3SnO2), we reveal an improvement in the system’s stability. Electrical conductivity enhanced, for both Sr deficient SSO and for oxygen excess, reaching a value of

1.8
×

10

20

1
/
Ω
.
m
.
s

for x = 1. In addition, we show that Sr3-xSnO possesses both p-type and n-type nature, depending on the value of Sr deficiency concentration x, which makes this compound a suitable candidate for a thermoelectric generator (TEG) module.
Design and analysis of hetero-dielectric Junctionless-TFET(JL-TFET) with N+ pocket as label free biosensors
Authors: Kumawat Meghna , Gopal Girdhar , Varma Tarun
Published: February 2024

This paper includes sensitivity assessment of label-free biosensors using hetero dielectric Junctionless-TFET (HD-JL-TFET) thorough TCAD simulator. The fundamental structure, operation and design of a Junctionless-TFET (HD-JL-TFET) as biosensor are investigated in this paper. For the purpose of detecting the biomolecule, a nano-gap is added close to the source end between the gate and channel. To test the sensing potential, we adjusted the charge density and material dielectric constant (K) by comprehensive calibrated device simulation. For several biomolecules, the device’s sensitivity was examined as surface potential, electron tunnelling rate, and conduction-valence band edge fluctuation. Additionally, the Id versus VGS features, the sensitivity to the drain current, and the ION/IOFF fluctuation are also examined. By contrasting neutral or charged biomolecules using various dielectric constants, the sensitivity characteristics of positive, negative, and neutral biomolecules are examined. The development of biosensors, which enable the rapid and precise detection of multiple biomolecules, has revolutionized the field of bioanalysis.
Enhanced interfacial polarization through the conversion of Co@C into Co@Co1−xS@C nanocapsules utilizing a facile sulfidation process
Authors: Zhou Yuanliang , Javid Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad Farooq , Shi Yonghua , Wang Hesheng , Kashif Muhammad , Jiang Xishun
Published: February 2024

The design and development of efficient Co-based electromagnetic (EM) absorbents with double-shell structures have received relatively less attention in the literature. The construction of multiple heterointerfaces gives rise to a unique morphology that holds significant potential in expanding the absorbing frequency range. Co@Co1−xS@C nanocapsules (NCs) with Co as the cores, Co1−xSx and C as the middle and outside shells separately, were successfully prepared using a facile two step process: synthesizing Co@C core–shell NCs by arc-discharge method and subsequently converting them into Co@Co1−xS@C NCs through chemical sulfidation reaction. The experimental results indicate that the thickness of the carbon shell exhibits a decreasing trend (from 1 ± 0.1 nm to 0.6 ± 0.02 nm) following the post-sulfidation process, lasting for approximately two hours. The defect density of the carbon shell also declines from 1.88 × 1011 cm−2 to 1.14 × 1011 cm−2. The reduction in thickness of the carbon shell and the formation of new Co1-xS not only enable efficient manipulation of impedance matching between the dielectric shells and magnetic cores but also facilitate the construction of multiple interfacial polarizations. The study provides evidence that the multi-interfacial Co@Co1−xS@C nanocomposite serves as an effective EM absorbent achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL) up to –78.6 dB at a thickness of merely 1.52 mm within the frequency range of 2~18 GHz.
An in-beam Source-frequency Phase Referencing VLBI Positioning Method for China’s First Martian Rover
Authors: Tong Fengxian , Zheng Weimin , Zhang Juan
Published: February 2024

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) plays a crucial role in geodesy and astrometry, and it is also being successfully used in spacecraft tracking. Phase referencing VLBI is a technique that uses phase information rather than the traditional VLBI group time delay to achieve higher measurement accuracy. The newly developed source-frequency phase referencing (SFPR) VLBI has been proven to be a powerful method to eliminate errors, but for positioning purposes, only “core shifts” are left in SFPR. Therefore, in this paper, an in-beam SFPR (IB-SFPR) VLBI method based on SFPR is proposed to overcome the positioning deficiency in SFPR, and to achieve high positioning accuracy. The proposed IB-SFPR method is further researched in more detail and shown to have the ability to achieve high positioning accuracy. For the first Martian rover of China, the IB-SFPR is first applied in its positioning. The positioning results of the rover have shown that the 1σ formal position error is hundreds of meters, with a formal error of post-fitted phase time delay of about 1.3 ps. However, the position discrepancies among the results of IB-SFPR, the guidance, navigation and control system, and the visual localization are at kilometer level, which are mainly affected by the orbit error of the orbiter. Therefore, considering the external reference’s (the obiter) orbit error, the final positioning accuracy of the Martian rover is at the kilometer level.
Study of scalar particles through the Klein–Gordon equation under rainbow gravity effects in Bonnor–Melvin-Lambda space-time
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin , Bouzenada Abdelmalek
Published: February 2024

In our investigation, we explore the quantum dynamics of charge-free scalar particles through the Klein–Gordon equation within the framework of rainbow gravity, considering the Bonnor–Melvin-Lambda (BML) space-time background. The BML solution is characterized by the magnetic field strength along the axis of the symmetry direction which is related to the cosmological constant Λ and the topological parameter α of the geometry. The behavior of charge-free scalar particles described by the Klein–Gordon equation is investigated, utilizing two sets of rainbow functions: (i)

f
(
χ
)
=

(

e

β

χ

−
1
)

β

χ

, h(χ) = 1 and (ii) f(χ) = 1,

h
(
χ
)
=
1
+

β

χ

2

. Here

0
<

χ
=

∣
E
∣

E

p

≤
1

with E representing the particle’s energy, E

p
is the Planck’s energy, and β is the rainbow parameter. We obtain the approximate analytical solutions for the scalar particles and conduct a thorough analysis of the obtained results. Afterwards, we study the quantum dynamics of quantum oscillator fields within this BML space-time, employing the Klein–Gordon oscillator. Here also, we choose the same sets of rainbow functions and obtain the approximate eigenvalue solution for the oscillator fields. Notably, we demonstrate that the relativistic approximate energy profiles of charge-free scalar particles and oscillator fields get influenced by the topology of the geometry and the cosmological constant. Furthermore, we show that the energy profiles of scalar particles receive modifications from the rainbow parameter and the quantum oscillator fields by both the rainbow parameter and the frequency of oscillation.
Patterned collagen films loaded with miR-133b@MBG-NH2 for potential applications in corneal stromal injury repair
Authors: Zhan Guancheng , Yu Lixia , Wang Qiqi , Jin Longyang , Yin Xiaohong , Cao Xiaodong , Gao Huichang
Published: February 2024

Corneal stromal injury is a common surgical disease. With the development of tissue engineering materials, many artificial corneal scaffolds have been developed to replace allograft corneal transplantation and solve the problem of corneal donor shortage. However, few researchers have paid attention to corneal stromal wound healing. Herein, a nanocomposite of amino modified mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG-NH2) and microRNA-133b (miR-133b) was introduced into the patterned collagen films to achieve corneal stromal injury repair. MBG-NH2 nanoparticles as a nano delivery carrier could efficiently load miR-133b and achieve the slow release of miR-133b. The physicochemical properties of collagen films were characterized and found the microgrooved collagen films loaded with miR-133b@MBG-NH2 nanoparticles possessed similar swelling properties, optical clarity, and biodegradability to the natural cornea. In vitro cell experiments were also conducted and proved that the patterned collagen films with miR-133b@MBG-NH2 possessed good biocompatibility, and miR-133b@MBG-NH2 nanoparticles could be significantly uptake by rabbit corneal stromal cells (RCSCs) and have a significant impact on the orientation, proliferation, migration, and gene expression of RCSCs. More importantly, the patterned collagen films with miR-133b@MBG-NH2 could effectively promote the migration of RCSCs and accelerate wound healing process, and down-regulate the expression levels of α-SMA, COL-I, and CTGF genes associated with myofibroblast differentiation of corneal stromal cells, which has a potential application prospect in the repair of corneal stromal injury.
Post-drainage vegetation, microtopography and organic matter in Arctic drained lake basins
Authors: Wolter Juliane , Jones Benjamin M , Fuchs Matthias , Breen Amy , Bussmann Ingeborg , Koch Boris , Lenz Josefine , Myers-Smith Isla H , Sachs Torsten , Strauss Jens , Nitze Ingmar , Grosse Guido
Published: February 2024

Wetlands in Arctic drained lake basins (DLBs) have a high potential for carbon storage in vegetation and peat as well as for elevated greenhouse gas emissions. However, the evolution of vegetation and organic matter is rarely studied in DLBs, making these abundant wetlands especially uncertain elements of the permafrost carbon budget. We surveyed multiple DLB generations in northern Alaska with the goal to assess vegetation, microtopography, and organic matter in surface sediment and pond water in DLBs and to provide the first high-resolution land cover classification for a DLB system focussing on moisture-related vegetation classes for the Teshekpuk Lake region. We associated sediment properties and methane concentrations along a post-drainage succession gradient with remote sensing-derived land cover classes. Our study distinguished five eco-hydrological classes using statistical clustering of vegetation data, which corresponded to the land cover classes. We identified surface wetness and time since drainage as predictors of vegetation composition. Microtopographic complexity increased after drainage. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents in sediment, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN) in ponds were high throughout, indicating high organic matter availability and decomposition. We confirmed wetness as a predictor of sediment methane concentrations. Our findings suggest moderate to high methane concentrations independent of drainage age, with particularly high concentrations beneath submerged patches (up to 200 μmol l−1) and in pond water (up to 22 μmol l−1). In our DLB system, wet and shallow submerged patches with high methane concentrations occupied 54% of the area, and ponds with high DOC, DN and methane occupied another 11%. In conclusion, we demonstrate that DLB wetlands are highly productive regarding organic matter decomposition and methane production. Machine learning-aided land cover classification using high-resolution multispectral satellite imagery provides a useful tool for future upscaling of sediment properties and methane emission potentials from Arctic DLBs.
Correlation between growth and yield of chili pepper cultivated in histisols
Authors: Ganefianti D W , Gusmara H , Mindro N A
Published: February 2024

Correlations between plant traits is commonly applied in selection to increase effectiveness, and the path analysis can separate them into direct and indirect impacts. This research studied the closeness of the relationships between characters and decomposed it into a direct and indirect relationship between 14 chili genotypes on peat soils. This research was conducted from June 2022 to October 2022 in an agricultural zone station, University of Bengkulu. The soil used is peat soil. A randomized completely block design with three replications of 14 chili genotypes treatment was used to evaluate the study. Each genotype was planted in beds, with 2 genotypes and 20 plants per genotype. Observational data were then analyzed statistically using the correlation formula followed by significant and cross-finding tests using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that the growth characteristics and yield components such as plant height, leaf width, number of primary branches, number of primary branches, number of dichotomies, and number of fruits per plant were positively correlated with chili pepper yields. The determining characteristics for high chili yield on peatland were the number of fruits per plant, the number of dichotomies and the width of the leaves.
In-vitro endophytic bacteria activity against Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to achieve sustainable agriculture
Authors: Nababan T , Lisnawita  , Safni I
Published: February 2024

The bacterial wilt disease transmitted through soil, identified as Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis, is a substantial vascular disease and major constraint in various Solanaceae plants. The use endophytic bacteria-as Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis-is one approach to control this pathogen. In vitro test using the disc paper method was conducted to evaluate the compatibility of Arthrobacter sp. and B. thuringiensis, along with their inhibitory capabilities through secondary metabolite production, in suppressing the growth of R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis. The results showed incompatibility among isolates of endophytic bacterial, consequently, both endophytic bacteria were capable suppressing the growth of the R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis significantly. Arthrobacter sp. formed a larger inhibition zone compared to B. thuringiensis, and both endophytic bacteria can be candidate biological control agents to reduce pesticide use to control R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis, which therefore achieving more environmentally agriculture sustainability.
Development of the vegetative period under salinity stress in several upland rice varieties
Authors: Zahara S , Damanik R I
Published: February 2024

As a food crop, upland rice varieties grow well on dry land and without irrigation. Upland rice itself is an environmentally friendly cultivation because it minimizes the use of chemicals and can grow without cultivation. Not only that, in superior varieties blast resistance and tolerance to Al poisoning are important properties that must be possessed. Some rice varieties also have tolerance to salinity, however, the development of rice on saline land is hampered by the availability of varieties produced by conventional breeding at the Center for Rice Crop Research. Given these problems, testing of superior rice for salinity tolerance is carried out for the development of national rice production. Salinity stress is a form of plant response that limits crop production due to the amount of dissolved salts in the soil which reduces the ability of plants to absorb water. Currently, research has started using the varieties sitabagendit, inpago 12 and inpago 13 with a combination of 4.5 dS/m, the plants are still in a moderate state. However, it still affects plant growth.
Diversity of undergrowth types in frankincense stands in Humbang Hasundutan Regency
Authors: Rambey R , Nusantary M , Sihite F , Saputra M H , Kembaren Y , Sahala S , Marpaung M
Published: February 2024

Understory plants are one of Indonesia’s biodiversity. The presence of undergrowth has an important role in the ecosystem and economy of the surrounding community. Research on the diversity of understory plants in the Frankincense forest has never been carried out. This research aims to determine the diversit y of understory plants in incense stands in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Sampling was carried out using understory vegetation analysis plots. Analysis of the distribution pattern of incense using the standardized Morisita’s index. Based on the results of vegetation analysis at the understory level, 27 types of understory plants were found in community forests, with the most dominant type found being the fern (Diplazium esculentum) with an IVI value of 25.90%. In the protected forest, 16 types of understory plants were found with the most dominant type being Etlingera elatior with an IVI value of 31.48%. Species diversity in community forests (2.76) is in the medium category and in protected forests (2.48) is in the medium category. Species richness (R) in Community Forests is 4.34 in the medium category and in protected forests is low (2.36).