bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3‐D Sedimentary Structures Beneath Southeastern Australia Constrained by Passive Seismic Array Data
Authors: Li Guoliang , Yang Yingjie , Niu Fenglin , Chen Min
Published: December 2020

A high‐resolution sedimentary map of southeastern Australia is of great importance to explore natural resources as well as to evaluate seismic hazards. In this study, we build a 3‐D Vs model of the upper crust beneath southeastern Australia by jointly inverting Rayleigh wave phase velocity, ellipticity, and teleseismic P‐coda waves. At depths less than 3 km, sedimentary basins are revealed as prominent low‐velocity anomalies. The average sediment depth in the Murray Basin is ∼713 m with the maximum depth reaching 1,500 m, while, in the Sydney‐Gunnedah‐Bowen Basin (SGBB), the average sediment depth is 600 m with a maximum depth of ∼3,000 m. Vs of the sedimentary layer in the Murray Basin is lower than that in the SGBB, suggesting that the sediments in the Murray Basin are less consolidated compared with those in the SGBB. The unconsolidated sediments make the Murray Basin more vulnerable to seismic hazards. In the upper and middle crystalline crust, we image two low‐velocity zones: one beneath the Adelaide Fold Belt and the other beneath the Begargo Hill volcanic zone. The low‐velocity zone beneath the Adelaide Fold Belt is likely caused by high temperature and/or a weak granitic composition, which lead to the concentration of intraplate seismic activities in this area. The low‐velocity zone beneath the Begargo Hill Volcanic zone indicates that there exists magma in the upper to middle crust or the temperature there is still very high after the latest eruption.
Validation and Sensitivity Analysis of a 1‐D Lake Model Across Global Lakes
Authors: Guo Mingyang , Zhuang Qianlai , Yao Huaxia , Golub Malgorzata , Leung L. Ruby , Pierson Don , Tan Zeli
Published: December 2020

Lakes have important influence on weather and climate from local to global scales. However, their prediction using numerical models is notoriously difficult because lakes are highly heterogeneous across the globe, but observations are sparse. Here, we assessed the performance of a 1‐D lake model in simulating the thermal structures of 58 lakes with diverse morphometric and geographic characteristics by following the phase 2a local lake protocol of the Intersectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2a). After calibration, the root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE) were below 2°C for 70% and 75% of the lakes for epilimnion and full‐profile temperature simulations, with an average of 1.71°C and 1.43°C, respectively. The model performance mainly depended on lake shape rather than location, supporting the possibility of grouping model parameters by lake shape for global applications. Furthermore, through machine‐learning based parameter sensitivity tests, we identified turbulent heat fluxes, wind‐driven mixing, and water transparency as the major processes controlling lake thermal and mixing regimes. Snow density was also important for modeling the ice phenology of high‐latitude lakes. The relative influence of the key processes and the corresponding parameters mainly depended on lake latitude and depth. Turbulent heat fluxes showed a decreasing importance in affecting epilimnion temperature with increasing latitude. Wind‐driven mixing was less influential to lake stratification for deeper lakes while the impact of light extinction, on the contrary, showed a positive correlation with lake depth. Our findings may guide improvements in 1‐D lake model parameterizations to achieve higher fidelity in simulating global lake thermal dynamics.
Experimental Simulation of Titan's Stratospheric Photochemistry: Benzene (C6H6) Ices
Authors: Mouzay J. , Couturier‐Tamburelli I. , Piétri N. , Chiavassa T.
Published: December 2020

We performed laboratory experiments to study the photochemical evolution induced by long‐UV irradiation of benzene ices in Titan's atmosphere. The aim of this study was to investigate whether photo‐processed benzene ices could lead to the formation of aerosols analogs to those observed in Titan's stratosphere. Prior to that, spectroscopic properties of amorphous and crystalline benzene ices were studied as a function of temperature, using infrared spectroscopy. UV photolysis experiments (λ > 230 nm) of benzene ices led to the formation of volatile photo‐products, among which fulvene is identified, and of a residue dominated by νCH IR features, demonstrating that pure aromatic‐based polymeric structures are not sufficient to explain the composition of Titan's stratospheric haze layer. However, we provide a characterization of long‐UV‐induced benzene‐containing aerosol analogs, which will contribute to Titan's surface organics layer. These data are of prime interest in the context of the future Dragonfly space mission.
Removing Orbital Variations From Low Altitude Particle Data: Method and Application
Authors: Green J. C. , O’Brien T. P. , Claudepierre S. G. , Boyd A. J.
Published: December 2020

Particle flux measurements from polar orbiting low altitude satellites provide a view of the near Earth radiation environment that is extremely valuable for science as well as space weather monitoring. Unlike, geosynchronous satellites that sample only a limited region of space (L = ∼6.6), these low altitude satellites sample the extended radiation environment (L = 1 to >10) at a relatively high time cadence (tens of minutes) that captures its global evolution. While these data are clearly useful, it is also challenging to work with because the particle flux measurements have large orbital variations related to the changing geographic location of the satellites. These orbital flux variations can sometimes obscure the time variations of interest for scientific study or space weather hazard awareness. Here, we describe and evaluate a method for removing these variations that is based on Statistical Asynchronous Regression. We demonstrate the utility and accuracy of the method by applying it to electron flux measurements from the NOAA POES and EUMetSat MetOp low altitude satellites.
Gender Bias in Pediatric Psychology
Authors: Simon Stacey L. , Clay Daniel , Chandrasekhar Jessica , Duncan Christina L.
Published: December 2020

Objective: Gender bias exists in many professions, but little is known about gender bias in the field of pediatric psychology. Overt bias includes explicitly stated negative beliefs, whereas implicit bias is outside of conscious awareness and may be in opposition to one’s beliefs and values yet is highly prevalent. Method: Gender bias commonly occurring in health care disciplines are reviewed, discussed, and applied to the context of pediatric psychology. Results: Examples of gender bias in multiple domains, including patient care, clinical research, the workforce, leadership, compensation, and evaluation and training, are offered. Specific strategies for countering gender bias in pediatric psychology are reviewed. Conclusions: Future research on gender bias specific to pediatric psychology is recommended, and an ongoing dialogue within the pediatric psychology community is encouraged.

Implications for Impact Statement

This article provides examples of gender bias related to pediatric psychology and offers suggestions for reducing gender bias. It is important to have conversations about gender bias within the pediatric psychology community.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) membrane (M) protein inhibits type I and III interferon production by targeting RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling
Authors: Zheng Yi , Zhuang Meng-Wei , Han Lulu , Zhang Jing , Nan Mei-Ling , Zhan Peng , Kang Dongwei , Liu Xinyong , Gao Chengjiang , Wang Pei-Hui
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread worldwide and has affected more than 10 million individuals. A typical feature of COVID-19 is the suppression of type I and III interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral immunity. However, the molecular mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 evades antiviral immunity remains elusive. Here, we reported that the SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein inhibits the production of type I and III IFNs induced by the cytosolic dsRNA-sensing pathway mediated by RIG-I/MDA-5–MAVS signaling. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 M protein suppresses type I and III IFN induction stimulated by SeV infection or poly (I:C) transfection. Mechanistically, the SARS-CoV-2 M protein interacts with RIG-I, MAVS, and TBK1, thus preventing the formation of the multiprotein complex containing RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF3, and TBK1 and subsequently impeding the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and activation of IRF3. Consequently, ectopic expression of the SARS-CoV-2 M protein facilitates the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Taken together, these results indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 M protein antagonizes type I and III IFN production by targeting RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling, which subsequently attenuates antiviral immunity and enhances viral replication. This study provides insight into the interpretation of SARS-CoV-2-induced antiviral immune suppression and illuminates the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19.
Presence of the neonatal Staphylococcus capitis outbreak clone (NRCS-A) in prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Tevell Staffan , Baig Sharmin , Hellmark Bengt , Martins Simoes Patricia , Wirth Thierry , Butin Marine , Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Åsa , Söderquist Bo , Stegger Marc
Published: December 2020

Staphylococcus capitis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that has been described primarily as causing bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), but has also recently been described in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The multidrug-resistant S. capitis subsp. urealyticus clone NRCS-A, comprising three sublineages, is prevalent in NICUs across the world, but its impact on other patient groups such as those suffering from PJIs or among adults planned for arthroplasty is unknown. Genome sequencing and subsequent analysis were performed on a Swedish collection of PJI isolates (n = 21), nasal commensals from patients planned to undergo arthroplasty (n = 20), NICU blood isolates (n = 9), operating theatre air isolates (n = 4), and reference strains (n = 2), in conjunction with an international strain collection (n = 248). The NRCS-A Outbreak sublineage containing the composite type V SCCmec-SCCcad/ars/cop element was present in PJIs across three Swedish hospitals. However, it was not found among nasal carrier strains, where the less virulent S. capitis subsp. capitis was most prevalent. The presence of the NRCS-A Outbreak clone in adult patients with PJIs demonstrates that dissemination occurs beyond NICUs. As this clone has several properties which facilitate invasive infections in patients with medical implants or immunosuppression, such as biofilm forming ability and multidrug resistance including heterogeneous glycopeptide-intermediate susceptibility, further research is needed to understand the reservoirs and distribution of this hospital-associated pathogen.
In silico discovery of antigenic proteins and epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 for the development of a vaccine or a diagnostic approach for COVID-19
Authors: Can Hüseyin , Köseoğlu Ahmet Efe , Erkunt Alak Sedef , Güvendi Mervenur , Döşkaya Mert , Karakavuk Muhammet , Gürüz Adnan Yüksel , Ün Cemal
Published: December 2020

In the genome of SARS-CoV-2, the 5′-terminus encodes a polyprotein, which is further cleaved into 15 non-structural proteins whereas the 3′ terminus encodes four structural proteins and eight accessory proteins. Among these 27 proteins, the present study aimed to discover likely antigenic proteins and epitopes to be used for the development of a vaccine or serodiagnostic assay using an in silico approach. For this purpose, after the full genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan isolate and variant proteins that are detected frequently, surface proteins including spike, envelope, and membrane proteins as well as proteins with signal peptide were determined as probable vaccine candidates whereas the remaining were considered as possible antigens to be used during the development of serodiagnostic assays. According to results obtained, among 27 proteins, 26 of them were predicted as probable antigen. In 26 proteins, spike protein was selected as the best vaccine candidate because of having a signal peptide, negative GRAVY value, one transmembrane helix, moderate aliphatic index, a big molecular weight, a long-estimated half-life, beta wrap motifs as well as having stable, soluble and non-allergic features. In addition, orf7a, orf8, and nsp-10 proteins with signal peptide were considered as potential vaccine candidates. Nucleocapsid protein and a highly antigenic GGDGKMKD epitope were identified as ideal antigens to be used in the development of serodiagnostic assays. Moreover, considering MHC-I alleles, highly antigenic KLNDLCFTNV and ITLCFTLKRK epitopes can be used to develop an epitope-based peptide vaccine.
Capillary electrophoresis with dual C4D/UV detection for simultaneously determining major metal cations and whey proteins in milk
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xu Zhongqi
Published: December 2020

A reliable and simple CE method with dual C4D and UV detection modes for simultaneous determination of major metal cations and whey proteins in milk samples was developed.
Guest–host interlinked PEG-MAL granular hydrogels as an engineered cellular microenvironment
Authors: Widener Adrienne E. , Bhatta Mallika , Angelini Thomas E. , Phelps Edward A.
Published: December 2020

We report the development of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel scaffold that provides the advantages of conventional bulk PEG hydrogels for engineering cellular microenvironments and allows for rapid cell migration.
Antibacterial activity and reinforcing effect of SiO2–ZnO complex cluster fillers for dental resin composites
Authors: Yang Dan-Lei , Cui Ya-Nan , Sun Qian , Liu Mei , Niu Hao , Wang Jie-Xin
Published: December 2020

The regular-shaped SiO2-ZnO complex clusters constructed by spray-draying technology can enhance antibacterial activity while maintaining the mechanical and aesthetic properties of dental resin composites.
A polymeric nanoformulation improves the bioavailability and efficacy of sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Jia-Xian , Shu Na , Zheng Sui-Juan , Ma Min , Zhao Zhi-Bin , Cao Zhi-Ting , Zhou Qi , Du Jin-Zhi , Wang Jun
Published: December 2020

A nanoparticle-based formulation of sorafenib (NP-sfb) significantly inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing angiogenesis and promoting cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration.
Fluorinated chitosan-mediated intracellular catalase delivery for enhanced photodynamic therapy of oral cancer
Authors: Zhu Ting , Shi Leilei , Ma Chuan , Xu Li , Yang Jiapei , Zhou Guoyu , Zhu Xinyuan , Shen Lingyue
Published: December 2020

A pH-responsive fluorinated chitosan-chlorin e6 (FC-Ce6) was employed here for the intracellular delivery of catalase to relieve the hypoxic micro-environment.
Design of Brønsted acidic ionic liquid functionalized mesoporous organosilica nanospheres for efficient synthesis of ethyl levulinate and levulinic acid from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Song Daiyu , Liu Jingyu , Zhang Chaoyue , Guo Yihang
Published: December 2020

Mesoporous organosilica nanosphere-immobilized Brønsted acidic ionic liquids with a controlled particle size and pore morphology exhibit high activity and selectivity.
Prevention of dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse colitis by the fungal protein Ling Zhi-8viapromoting the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Chen Yu-Huan , Shin Jenn-Yeu , Wei Hsiu-Mei , Lin Chi-Chien , Yu Linda C. H. , Liao Wei-Ting , Chen Dz-Chi , Chu Ching-Liang
Published: December 2020

Protection of intestinal epithelial cells against inflammation by the fungal protein Ling Zhi-8viamaintaining the integrity of tight junctions.
Review of recent developments in surface nanocrystallization of metallic biomaterials
Authors: Acharya Srijan , Suwas Satyam , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: December 2020

Surface nanocrystallization by surface severe plastic deformation imparts enhanced biomechanical and biological performances to metallic biomaterials.
Electrocatalytic reduction of furfural with high selectivity to furfuryl alcohol using AgPd alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Brosnahan John T. , Zhang Zhiyong , Yin Zhouyang , Zhang Sen
Published: December 2020

The study of composition-dependent electrocatalysis reveals that Ag60Pd40 alloy nanoparticles allow the selective reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol.
Fe nanopowder-assisted fabrication of FeOx/porous carbon for boosting potassium-ion storage performance
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Liu Wei , Gao Xiang , Zhang Yuan , Du Yongxu , Feng Wenting , Fan Hongguang
Published: December 2020

A large amount of FeOx clusters can be grafted in a carbon framework due to the stable C–O–Fe bonding after the removal of Fe3O4 particles, and make a good contribution for pseudocapacitance.
Two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer films: fabrication strategies and potential applications
Authors: Liu Zhengdong , Yin Yuhang , Eginligil Mustafa , Wang Laiyuan , Liu Juqing , Huang Wei
Published: December 2020

This review describes the latest advances in the preparation and application of two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers, as well as the future research directions of this field.
Self-healing hydrophobic POSS-functionalized fluorinated copolymers via RAFT polymerization and dynamic Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Ponnupandian Siva , Mondal Prantik , Becker Thomas , Hoogenboom Richard , Lowe Andrew B. , Singha Nikhil K.
Published: December 2020

Development of self-healing hydrophobic POSS-functionalized fluorinated copolymethacrylate(s) via RAFT Polymerization and dynamic Diels–Alder Reaction.
Computational strategy for intrinsically disordered protein ligand design leads to the discovery of p53 transactivation domain I binding compounds that activate the p53 pathway
Authors: Ruan Hao , Yu Chen , Niu Xiaogang , Zhang Weilin , Liu Hanzhong , Chen Limin , Xiong Ruoyao , Sun Qi , Jin Changwen , Liu Ying , Lai Luhua
Published: December 2020

A hierarchical computational strategy for IDP drug virtual screening (IDPDVS) was proposed and successfully applied to identify compounds that bind p53 TAD1 and restore wild-type p53 function in cancer cells.
A data-driven perspective on the colours of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Jablonka Kevin Maik , Moosavi Seyed Mohamad , Asgari Mehrdad , Ireland Christopher , Patiny Luc , Smit Berend
Published: December 2020

Colour is at the core of chemistry and has been fascinating humans since ancient times.
Monitoring the heterogeneity in single cell responses to drugs using electrochemical impedance and electrochemical noise
Authors: Yang Ying , Mansfeld Friederike M. , Kavallaris Maria , Gaus Katharina , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin
Published: December 2020

A light addressable single-cell impedance technique for cell adhesion monitoring and measurement of a cell's drug response based on electrochemical noise is introduced.
Mangana(iii/iv)electro-catalyzed C(sp3)–H azidation
Authors: Meyer Tjark H. , Samanta Ramesh C. , Del Vecchio Antonio , Ackermann Lutz
Published: December 2020

The merger of manganese-catalyzed C–H functionalization with electrosynthesis enabled C(sp3)–H azidation devoid of chemical oxidants or photochemical irradiation. Detailed mechanistic studies are supportive of a manganese(iii/iv) electrocatalysis.
Development of isotope-enriched phosphatidylinositol-4- and 5-phosphate cellular mass spectrometry probes
Authors: Joffrin Amélie M. , Saunders Alex M. , Barneda David , Flemington Vikki , Thompson Amber L. , Sanganee Hitesh J. , Conway Stuart J.
Published: December 2020

We report the synthesis of deuterium-labelled derivatives of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, and demonstrate their use in quantifying levels of endogenous phospholipids in cells.
Nb2C MXene assisted CoNi bimetallic catalysts for hydrogenolysis of aromatic ethers
Authors: Wang Sen-Wang , He Zhen-Hong , Chen Jian-Gang , Wang Kuan , Wang Zhong-Yu , Guo Pan-Pan , Lan Jie , Wang Weitao , Liu Zhao-Tie
Published: December 2020

The combination of Co2Ni1Ox and Nb2C MXene was developed and applied in hydrogenolysis of lignin-derived aromatic ethers with high activities under mild conditions.
A combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study of an intrinsic self-healing polyurethane elastomer based on a dynamic non-covalent mechanism
Authors: Luo Yanlong , Chen Xianling , Chen Jialiang , Wu Zhipeng , Ma Hongming , Liu Xuejing , Xiang Bo , Ma Xiaofeng , Luo Zhenyang
Published: December 2020

The number, type, strength, lifetime, and the exchange of hydrogen bonds in the self-healing process at different temperatures were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation using a micro-crack model.
Poly(arylene ether ketone)-based bipolar membranes for acid–alkaline water electrolysis applications
Authors: Lee Lynn , Kim Dukjoon
Published: December 2020

Bipolar membrane is an attractive candidate for water electrolysis application, as it enables hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions to take place under optimal pH conditions, thereby minimizing the overall cell voltage for water splitting.
Selective hydrogen–deuterium exchange in graphitic carbon nitrides: probing the active sites for photocatalytic water splitting by solid-state NMR
Authors: Wang Ruidi , Xu Bei-Bei , Wang Jiachen , Wang Xue Lu , Yao Ye-Feng
Published: December 2020

By selective deuteration, the exchangeable and unexchangeable protons of the H-containing groups of g-C3N4 were differentiated, providing a way to distinguish the hydrophilic and relatively non-hydrophilic H-containing groups of g-C3N4.
An electrostatically self-assembled fluorinated molecule as a surface modification layer for a high-performance and stable triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Yang Jia-Ruei , Lee Chia-Jung , Chang Chih-Yu
Published: December 2020

A high-performance (power density = 57.1 W m−2) and long-term stable triboelectric nanogenerator is achieved by using an electrostatically self-assembled fluorinated molecule as the modification layer.
Two-step mechanoresponsive luminescence and mechanical stimuli-induced release of small molecules exhibited by a luminescent cyclophane
Authors: Sagara Yoshimitsu , Takahashi Kiyonori , Seki Atsushi , Muramatsu Tatsuya , Nakamura Takayoshi , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: December 2020

Both two-step mechanoresponsive luminescence and mechanical stimuli-induced release of guest-molecules are exhibited by the same fluorescent cyclophane.
Multi‐focus image fusion evaluation based on jointly sparse representation and atom focus measure
Authors: Hu Yanxiang , Zhang Bo , Zhang Juntong , Gao Qian
Published: December 2020

Multi‐focus image fusion (MFIF) tries to combine images with different in‐focus regions and get a composite image that is in focus everywhere. Although many new MFIF algorithms based on various new representation models have been proposed in recent years, the performance evaluation of MFIF is still a challenging issue. In this study, a novel MFIF objective evaluation metric based on jointly sparse representation and atom focus measure is proposed. It not only provides a more reliable alternative for MFIF quality measurement but also supplies a unique MFIF performance analysis method at the same time. In the measurement, the sources and their fusion results are decomposed jointly sparse with an over‐complete learning dictionary to extract the atom remnants of the source images. Meanwhile, in order to emphasise the fusion effect of in‐focus atoms, the sum‐modified‐Laplacian model is used to measure the atom focus degree. Then, the atom remnants weighted by their focus measures are used to measure MFIF quality. In the experiments, nine recently proposed fusion algorithms were tested to contrast the proposed metrics with other four widely used objective metrics. The experimental results demonstrated the rationality and accuracy of our method. Moreover, it was also proved quantificationally that the fusion degree of atoms is directly related to their in‐focus degree, the high in‐focus degree atoms usually have poor fusion effect.
A guaranteed collision‐free trajectory planning method for autonomous parking
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Lu Shan , Xie Lei , Su Hongye , Li Dongliu , Wang Qibing , Xu Weihua
Published: December 2020

Planning a feasible, and safe trajectory is a crucial procedure for autonomous parking which remains to be fully solved. Generally, a trajectory is depicted by a sequence of configurations which include positions, and orientations. However, existing approaches usually design parking trajectories without considering the evolution from one configuration to the next. Hence, these trajectories are practically infeasible in some scenarios, and safety risks may exist. In this paper, a guaranteed collision‐free trajectory planning method is proposed for autonomous parking. A dynamic optimisation problem is built, which includes vehicle kinematics, collision avoidance constraints, and physical restraints. Then the dynamic optimisation problem is discretised into a finite‐dimensional nonlinear programming problem. To describe collision avoidance constraints, the concepts of the virtual protection frame, and the magnification parameter are introduced. It is highlighted that a novel collision detection criterion is raised from the view of geometry. Tests in three common scenarios, and a complex scenario illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Moreover, the stability of the algorithm is discussed in this paper. Via the proposed approach, an integrated design of planning, and control is possible.
Schlaflos auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Zajonz Anja , Zoller Richard
Published: December 2020

Dass Schlaf enorme Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit von Menschen hat, ist wohl unbestritten. Ist der Schlaf gestört, leidet auch die Gesundheit. Intensivpatienten sind besonders auf die positiven Auswirkungen des Schlafs angewiesen – werden aber durch Lärm aus unterschiedlichen Quellen oft gestört. Und auch das Personal leidet unter dem Geräuschpegel auf der Intensivstation.
Direct imaging of plasma waves using ultrafast electron microscopy
Authors: Sun Shuaishuai , Sun Xiaoyi , Bartles Daniel , Wozniak Elliot , Williams Joseph , Zhang Peng , Ruan Chong-Yu
Published: December 2020

A femtosecond plasma imaging modality based on a new development of ultrafast electron microscope is introduced. We investigated the laser-induced formation of high-temperature electron microplasmas and their subsequent non-equilibrium evolution. Based on a straightforward field imaging principle, we directly retrieve detailed information about the plasma dynamics, including plasma wave structures, particle densities, and temperatures. We discover that directly subjected to a strong magnetic field, the photo-generated microplasmas manifest in novel transient cyclotron echoes and form new wave states across a broad range of field strengths and different laser fluences. Intriguingly, the transient cyclotron waves morph into a higher frequency upper-hybrid wave mode with the dephasing of local cyclotron dynamics. The quantitative real-space characterizations of the non-equilibrium plasma systems demonstrate the feasibilities of a new microscope system in studying the plasma dynamics or transient electric fields with high spatiotemporal resolutions.
Photodissociation of aqueous I3− observed with liquid-phase ultrafast mega-electron-volt electron diffraction
Authors: Ledbetter K. , Biasin E. , Nunes J. P. F. , Centurion M. , Gaffney K. J. , Kozina M. , Lin M.-F. , Shen X. , Yang J. , Wang X. J. , Wolf T. J. A. , Cordones A. A.
Published: December 2020

Developing femtosecond resolution methods for directly observing structural dynamics is critical to understanding complex photochemical reaction mechanisms in solution. We have used two recent developments, ultrafast mega-electron-volt electron sources and vacuum compatible sub-micron thick liquid sheet jets, to enable liquid-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (LUED). We have demonstrated the viability of LUED by investigating the photodissociation of tri-iodide initiated with a 400 nm laser pulse. This has enabled the average speed of the bond expansion to be measured during the first 750 fs of dissociation and the geminate recombination to be directly captured on the picosecond time scale.
Flexible conductive blend of natural rubber latex with PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Boratto Miguel H. , Nozella Natan L. , Ramos Roberto A. , Silva Rafael Aparecido da , Graeff Carlos F. O.
Published: December 2020

Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) obtained from Hevea brasiliensis is a biocompatible electrically insulating material with exceptional mechanical properties. Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, on the other hand, is a biocompatible highly conductive organic material with poor flexibility. We hereby introduce a blend of NRL/PEDOT:PSS (N/P). This study involved different N/P volume ratios and temperatures of curing aiming at an optimal combination of good flexibility and conductivity. Low-temperature annealing, at 60 °C, dries and cures the blend in a few minutes and improves its tensile strength and conductivity. The blend can stretch more than 700% of its initial length and presents a good gauge factor and small resistance variation (R/R0) for ΔL/L0 of up to 100%. Among the different N/P concentrations, the membranes of an N/P ratio of 1/4 and those thermally cured have the most promising conductive flexible properties for bioelectronic applications.
Determining the size and location of variable speed wind turbines for reducing power losses and improving voltage profile
Authors: Ghaemi Hossein , Tohidi Sajjad , Abapour Mehdi , Tabar Vahid Sohrabi
Published: December 2020

Due to the voltage level and current of feeders in distribution systems, power loss is high in such networks. With the proliferation of distributed generations, it has become more important to determine their location and rating. These goals can be obtained according to different purposes such as improving the voltage profile. Unlike fixed speed wind turbines, the variable speed type can produce or absorb the reactive power. Hence, this paper specifies the placement and sizing of variable speed wind turbines based on a multi-objective function and according to the reactive power management. In the first step, the variable speed wind turbine is modeled by using the practical curve and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and then, the objective functions are optimized simultaneously to achieve the locations and sizes. Also, the impact of wind speed uncertainty on the functions is evaluated. To validate the results, a comparison between variable speed and fixed speed wind turbines is also presented. The proposed model is implemented on an IEEE 33-bus standard test system and the results show a significant (42%) decrease in power loss by adding variable speed wind turbines. However, the investment cost is also increased. Moreover, with considering the uncertainty, power loss and investment cost are increased by about 8% and 15%, respectively. However, the robustness of the system is enhanced against the wind speed fluctuations.
Strong metal–metal Pauli repulsion leads to repulsive metallophilicity in closed-shell d8and d10organometallic complexes
Authors: Wan Qingyun , Yang Jun , To Wai-Pong , Che Chi-Ming
Published: December 2020

Significance

Metallophilicity is widely regarded as a driving force in the self-assembly of closed-shell d8and d10metal complexes. The self-assembled metal complexes have applications in organic semiconductors, biosensing, organic light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysis. The attractive metallophilicity in the ground state is believed to originate from spd orbital hybridization or electron correlation interaction strengthened by relativistic effect. These two models have remained controversial for a long time. Our findings conclude that the M–M′ closed-shell interaction is repulsive due to strong M–M′ Pauli repulsion strengthened by (n + 1)s-nd orbital hybridization and relativistic effect. The M–M′ repulsion is counterbalanced by the ligand–ligand dispersion and electrostatic interaction, leading to a close unsupported M–M′ distance.
DeepTFactor: A deep learning-based tool for the prediction of transcription factors
Authors: Kim Gi Bae , Gao Ye , Palsson Bernhard O. , Lee Sang Yup
Published: December 2020

Significance

Identification of transcription factors (TFs) is a starting point for the analysis of transcriptional regulatory systems of organisms. Here, we report the development of DeepTFactor, a deep learning-based tool that predicts TFs using protein sequences as inputs. We interpreted the reasoning process of DeepTFactor, confirming that DeepTFactor inherently learned DNA-binding domains of TFs. DeepTFactor predicted 332 TFs of
E. coli
K-12 MG1655, and three of them were experimentally validated by identifying genome-wide binding sites with ChIP-exo experiments. We provide DeepTFactor as a stand-alone program for researchers to analyze their own protein sequences of interest. It will serve as a useful tool for understanding the regulatory systems of organisms.
The Manipulative Disguise of Truth
Authors: Masia Viviana
Published: December 2020

Becoming effective hunters of manipulative communicative moves is far from an easy capacity to develop. This book aims at offering a guide to the most dangerous traps of deceptive language as triggered by implicit communication strategies such as presupposition, implicature, topicalization and vague expressions. A look at different contexts of language use highlights some of the most remarkable implications of using indirect speech and of how it affects the correct comprehension of a message. Within the remit of communication and pragmatics studies, this work marks an advancement in the direction of delving into the linguistic manifestations of manipulative discourse, its most common contexts of use and the educational paths that can be undertaken to master it in everyday interactions.
Mechanically tunable broadband terahertz modulator based on high-aligned Ni nanowire arrays*
Authors: Xiang Wenfeng , Liu Xuan , Huang Xiaowei , Zhou Qingli , Guo Haizhong , Zhao Songqing
Published: December 2020

We present a mechanically tunable broadband terahertz (THz) modulator based on the high-aligned Ni nanowire (NW) arrays. The modulator is a sandwich structure consisting of two polydimethylsiloxane layers and a central layer of high-aligned Ni NW arrays. Our experimental measurements reveal the transmittance of THz wave can be effectively modulated by mechanical stretching. The NW density in arrays increases with the strain increasing, which induced an enhancement in the absorption of THz wave. When the strain increases from 0 to 6.5%, a linear relationship is observed for the variation of modulation depth (MD) of THz wave regarding the strain, and the modulated range is from 0 to 85% in a frequency range from 0.3 THz to 1.8 THz. Moreover, the detectable MD is about 15% regarding the 1 % strain change resolution. This flexible Ni NW-based modulator can be promised many applications, such as remote strain sensing, and wearable devices.
High-pressure elastic anisotropy and superconductivity of hafnium: A first-principles calculation*
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Bin , Li Wei-Dong , Zhang Ping , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: December 2020

The elastic anisotropy and superconductivity upon hydrostatic compression of α, ω, and β Hf are investigated using first-principle methods. The results of elastic anisotropies show that they increase with increasing pressure for α and ω phases, while decrease upon compression for β phase. The calculated superconducting transition temperatures are in excellent agreement with experiments. Electron–phonon coupling constants (λ) are increasing with pressure for α and ω phases, while decreasing for β phase. For β phase, the large values of λ are mainly due to the obvious TA1 soft mode. Under further compression, the TA1 soft vibrational mode will disappear gradually.
High performance infrared detectors compatible with CMOS-circuit process*
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Ning , Dai Ning , Shi Wang-Zhou , Hu Gu-Jin , Zhu He
Published: December 2020

A type of Si-based blocked impurity band photoelectric detector with a planar architecture is designed and demonstrated by a modified silicon semiconductor processing technique. In this route, multiple ion implantation is utilized to ensure the uniform distribution of the P elements in silicon, and rapid thermal annealing treatment is used to activate the P atoms and reduce damages caused by ion-implantation. The fabricated prototype device exhibits an excellent photoelectric response performance. With a direct current (DC) bias voltage of –2.3 V, the device detectivity to blackbody irradiation is as high as 5 × 1013cm⋅Hz1/2/W, which corresponds to a device responsivity of nearly 4.6 A/W, showing their potential applications in infrared detection, infrared astrophysics, and extraterrestrial life science. In particular, the developed device preparation process is compatible with that for the CMOS-circuit, which greatly reduces the manufacturing cost.
Potential interactive effects between invasiveLumbricus terrestrisearthworms and the invasive plantAlliaria petiolataon a native plantPodophyllum peltatumin northeastern Ohio, USA
Authors: Cope Colin G , Eysenbach Sarah R , Faidiga Alexandra S , Hausman Constance E , Medeiros Juliana S , Murphy Jennifer E , Burns Jean H
Published: December 2020

We test whether the invasive earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and leaf litter of the invasive herbaceous plant Alliaria petiolata interact to influence the native plant, Podophyllum peltatum, using both observational field data and a multi-year experiment. We hypothesized invader interactive effects on the native plant might result from either changes in allelochemical distribution in the soil or nutrient availability mediated by the invasive earthworm pulling leaf litter down into the soil. Within the field data we found that Alliaria petiolata presence and higher soil nitrogen correlated with reduced Podophyllum peltatum cover, and no evidence for an invader–invader interaction. Within the factorial experiment, we found a super-additive effect of the two invaders on plant biomass only when activated carbon was present. In the absence of activated carbon, there were no differences in Podophyllum peltatum biomass across treatments. In the presence of activated carbon, Podophyllum peltatum biomass was significantly reduced by the presence of both Lumbricus terrestris and Alliaria petiolata leaf litter. The absence of an effect of Alliaria petiolata leaves without activated carbon, combined with a failure to detect arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, suggests that indirect effects of allelochemicals on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were not the primary driver of treatment responses. Rather direct nutrient availability might influence a potential interaction between these invaders. Leaf nitrogen content was higher and leaf CO2 concentration was lower in the presence of Lumbricus terrestris, but treatment did not influence maximum photosynthetic rate. While the field data do not suggest a negative interaction between these invaders, the experiment suggests that such an interaction is possible with greater environmental stress, such as increasing nitrogen deposition. Further, even plants with rapid physiological responses to increased nitrogen availability may have other physiological limits on growth that prevent them from compensating from the harm caused by multiple invaders.
A Clinical Pilot Study of Spaced Retrieval Practice with a Self-Generation Booster to Improve Health-Related Memory in Persons With HIV Disease
Authors: Woods Steven Paul , Babicz Michelle A , Matchanova Anastasia , Sullivan Kelli L , Avci Gunes , Hasbun Rodrigo , Giordano Thomas P , Fazeli Pariya , Morgan Erin E
Published: December 2020

Objective

Spaced retrieval practice (SRP) and self-generation are among the most replicated and effective mnemonic strategies in the cognitive psychology literature, but their benefits have not yet been realized in healthcare settings. This study used a randomized, between-subjects design to examine the hypothesis that SRP with a self-generation booster can improve memory for health-related information among clinically referred persons with HIV (PWH), who often have difficulty acquiring new health knowledge.

Method

A consecutive series of 41 PWH referred to a county-funded urban neuropsychology clinic were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to learn four statements about the treatment of a mock infectious disease in either a massed study control condition (n = 20) or an SRP condition (n = 21) in which they received two distributed free recall training tests supplemented with self-generation for missed items. The primary outcome was participants’ free recall of the four treatment statements after a 20-minute delay filled with nonverbal tests.

Results

PWH participants in the SRP condition were four times more likely than controls to recall at least one treatment statement at the 20-minute delay. SRP was not related to post-test recognition or health-related decision-making performance but was associated with moderately better self-efficacy for decision-making.

Conclusions

Findings from this pilot study show the potential of SRP with a self-generation booster to improve learning and memory for health-related information among PWH in clinic.
The Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Microcentrifuge Tube Filters for Solid-Phase Extraction and the HPLC-UV Determination of Andrographolides
Authors: Thongchai Wisanu , Poolprasert Pisit , Thongchai Suwanna
Published: December 2020

Molecular imprinting-based solid-phase extraction has been in the spotlight to improve recognition selectivity and detection sensitivity of andrographolides. The synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers on micro centrifuge tube filters for the extraction and the determination of andrographolides were investigated. Molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized using the photo-polymerization method for the preconcentration of andrographolides (AD) template molecule using 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as initiators, the mixture of 1-dodecanol and toluene solvent, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as functional monomers and cross-linked, respectively. The resultant AD molecularly imprinted polymers (AD-MIPs) were characterized using the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscopy. The maximum adsorption of AD-MIPs toward the andrographolides was found to be 85%, and could reach binding equilibrium within 60 min. The sample solution was separated by AD-MIP using solid-phase extraction (SPE). Subsequently, the sample solution was analyzed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The AD-MIP could be successfully applied to specifically separate and determine the andrographolides from pharmaceutical products and biological fluid samples with relatively high recoveries (102.01–108.61%). The present method is simple, selective, accurate, and provides a promising alternative to traditional SPE sorbents for the extraction and determination of andrographolides in real samples and biological fluid samples.
Proteinuria and venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Akbari Ayub , Kunkel Elizabeth , Bota Sarah E , Harel Ziv , Le Gal Gregoire , Cox Conor , Hundemer Gregory L , Canney Mark , Clark Edward , Massicotte-Azarniouch David , Eddeen Anan Bader , Knoll Greg , Sood Manish M
Published: December 2020

Background

Pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors of VTE may lead to improved maternal and foetal outcomes. Proteinuria confers a pro-thrombotic state, however, its association with VTE in pregnancy remains unknown. We set out to assess the association of proteinuria and VTE during pregnancy.

Methods

We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women (≥16 years of age) with a proteinuria measure within 20 weeks of conception (n = 306 244; mean age 29.8 years) from Ontario, Canada. Proteinuria was defined by any of the following: urine albumin:creatinine ratio ≥3 mg/mmol, urine protein:creatinine ratio ≥5 mg/mmol or urine dipstick proteinuria ≥1. The main outcome measure was a diagnosis of VTE up to 24-weeks post-partum.

Results

A positive proteinuria measurement occurred in 8508 (2.78%) women and was more common with a history of kidney disease, gestational or non-gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension. VTE events occurred in 625 (0.20%) individuals, with a higher risk among women with positive proteinuria [32 events (0.38%)] compared with women without proteinuria [593 events (0.20%); inverse probability-weighted risk ratio 1.79 (95% confidence interval 1.25–2.57)]. The association was consistent using a more specific VTE definition, in the post-partum period, in high-risk subgroups (hypertension or diabetes) and when the sample was restricted to women with preserved kidney function.

Conclusions

The presence of proteinuria in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy is associated with a significantly higher risk of VTE.
Heterotopic caval valve implantation for the management of severe tricuspid regurgitation: a case series
Authors: Sharkey Aidan , Munoz Acuna Ronny , Belani Kiran , Sharma Ravi K , Chaudhary Omar , Fatima Huma , Laham Roger , Mahmood Feroze
Published: December 2020

Background

Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a complex condition that can be difficult to treat medically, and often surgical intervention is prohibited due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with this intervention. In patients who have failed maximal medical therapy and have progressive symptoms related to their severe TR, heterotopic caval valve implantation (CAVI) offers potential for symptom relief for these patients.

Case summary

We present two cases of patients with severe TR with symptoms of heart failure that were refractory to medical therapy. Due to extensive comorbidities in these patient’s surgical intervention was deemed unsuitable and the decision was made to proceed with heterotopic CAVI in order to try and control their symptoms. Both patients successfully underwent the procedure and had an Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) implanted in the inferior vena cava/right atrium junction. In both patients, there was improvement in the postoperative haemodynamics as measured by invasive and non-invasive methods. Successful discharge was achieved in both patients with improvement in their symptoms.

Discussion

Selective use of heterotopic CAVI to treat symptomatic severe TR that is refractory to medical therapy may be a viable option to improve symptoms in those patients that are unsuitable for surgical intervention.