bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple solutions for a class of oscillatory discrete problems
Authors: Mălin Maria
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we study a discrete nonlinear boundary value problem that involves a nonlinear term oscillating at infinity and a power-type nonlinearity up. By using variational methods, we establish the existence of a sequence of non-negative weak solutions that converges to +∞ if 0 < p ≤ 1. In the superlinear case, we establish a sufficient condition for the existence of at least n solutions.
Challenges in Design and Automation of Autonomous Waterborne Vehicles
Authors: Ritz Sebastian , Thiede Carl , Boeck Florin , Golz Matthias , Holbach Gerd
Published: April 2015

Autonomous waterborne vehicles are complex technical systems, which operate in a harsh environment. This article sensitizes to the
special challenges and requirements and gives an approach for further considerations. Additionally, some automation components,
especially developed for this kind of application and first practical experiences are presented.
Heterogeneous Effects of Informational Nudges on Pro-social Behavior
Authors: Bao Jiayi , Ho Benjamin
Published: April 2015

Numerous experimental studies of informational nudges both in the lab and the field have demonstrated not just that informational nudges are effective policy tools for influencing behavior, but also that nudges have heterogeneous impacts that differ depending on the characteristics of the person involved and the situation. We adapt Andreoni’s theory of warm-glow impure altruism to account for how altruism motives respond differently depending on the disposition of the person and the situation. The model explains both positive spillovers (moral cleansing) and negative spillovers (moral licensing) for behavioral interventions, showing that targeting of informational campaigns depends on the complementarity between people’s traits and the intervention’s content. More importantly, the design of economic incentives (like Pigouvian taxes) to shift economic behavior should depend on both the distribution of social preferences in the population and the use of behavioral interventions.
The Transmission of Education across Generations: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Ranasinghe Rasika
Published: April 2015

This study analyzes changes in the transmission of education across generations in Australia for the birth cohorts 1942 through 1991 using a range of measures: the estimated effect of parental education on that of the child, schooling correlations between parents and children and a series of mobility indices. Our results suggest that while the overall level of education and intergenerational education mobility has increased over time, there are considerable regional and gender differences. Daughters’ education attainment is still relatively highly correlated with their parents compared to sons and the extent of absolute upward mobility was modest while immobility and downward mobility have remained relatively steady during the last five decades. During this period, relative education opportunities have increased over time at lower education levels, while the trend has been comparatively stable at higher levels.
Micellar Liquid Chromatography from Green Analysis Perspective
Authors: El-Shaheny Rania N. , El-Maghrabey Mahmoud H. , Belal Fathalla F.
Published: April 2015

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a simple well-established branch of high-performance liquid chromatography. The applications of MLC for the determination of numerous compounds in pharmaceutical formulations, biological samples, food, and environmental samples have been growing very rapidly. MLC technique has several advantages over other techniques, such as simultaneous separation of charged and uncharged solutes, rapid gradient capability, direct on-column injection of physiological fluids, unique separation selectivity, high reproducibility, robustness, enhanced luminescence detection, low cost, and safety. This review is devoted to the evaluation of the agreement of MLC with the principles of green chemistry which recently represents a universal trend. Also, it provides an overview on the basics of MLC, in addition to a survey of MLC methods published in the past five years for the assay of various compounds in different matrices.
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization Technique for the Optimal Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Authors: Lahiri Sandip K. , Khalfe Nadeem Muhammed
Published: April 2015

Owing to the wide utilization of shell and tube heat exchangers (STHEs) in industrial processes, their cost minimization is an important target for both designers and users. Traditional design approaches are based on iterative procedures which gradually change the design and geometric parameters until satisfying a given heat duty and set of geometric and operational constraints. Although well proven, this kind of approach is time-consuming and may not lead to cost-effective design. The present study explores the use of non-traditional optimization technique called hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO), for design optimization of STHEs from economic point of view. The PSO applies for global optimization and ant colony approach is employed to update positions of particles to attain rapidly the feasible solution space. ACO works as a local search, wherein ants apply pheromone-guided mechanism to update the positions found by the particles in the earlier stage. The optimization procedure involves the selection of the major geometric parameters such as tube diameters, tube length, baffle spacing, number of tube passes, tube layout, type of head, baffle cut, etc. and minimization of total annual cost is considered as design target. The methodology takes into account the geometric and operational constraints typically recommended by design codes. Three different case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of proposed algorithm. The examples analyzed show that the hybrid PSO and ACO algorithm provides a valuable tool for optimal design of heat exchanger. The hybrid PSO and ACO approach is able to reduce the total cost of heat exchanger as compare to cost obtained by previously reported genetic algorithm (GA) approach. The result comparisons with particle swarm optimizer and other optimization algorithms (GA) demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Lp{L_{p}}-representations of discrete quantum groups
Authors: Brannan Michael , Ruan Zhong-Jin
Published: April 2015

Given a locally compact quantum group

𝔾

{\mathbb{G}}

, we define and study representations and

C
∗

{\mathrm{C}^{\ast}}

-completions of the convolution algebra

L
1

⁢

(
𝔾
)

{L_{1}(\mathbb{G})}

associated with various linear subspaces of the multiplier algebra

C
b

⁢

(
𝔾
)

{C_{b}(\mathbb{G})}

. For discrete quantum groups

𝔾

{\mathbb{G}}

, we investigate the left regular representation, amenability and the Haagerup property in this framework. When

𝔾

{\mathbb{G}}

is unimodular and discrete, we study in detail the

C
∗

{\mathrm{C}^{\ast}}

-completions of

L
1

⁢

(
𝔾
)

{L_{1}(\mathbb{G})}

associated with the non-commutative

L
p

{L_{p}}

-spaces

L
p

⁢

(
𝔾
)

{L_{p}(\mathbb{G})}

. As an application of this theory, we characterize (for each

p
∈

[
1
,
∞
)

{p\in[1,\infty)}

) the positive definite functions on unimodular orthogonal and unitary free quantum groups

𝔾

{\mathbb{G}}

that extend to states on the

L
p

{L_{p}}

-

C
∗

{\mathrm{C}^{\ast}}

-algebra of

𝔾

{\mathbb{G}}

. Using this result, we construct uncountably many new examples of exotic quantum group norms for compact quantum groups.
Twisted cubics on cubic fourfolds
Authors: Lehn Christian , Lehn Manfred , Sorger Christoph , van Straten Duco
Published: April 2015

We construct a new twenty-dimensional family of projective
eight-dimensional irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds: the
compactified moduli space

M
3

⁢

(
Y
)

M_{3}(Y)

of twisted cubics on a smooth cubic fourfold
Y that does not contain a plane is shown to be smooth and to admit a
contraction

M
3

⁢

(
Y
)

→

Z
⁢

(
Y
)

M_{3}(Y)\to Z(Y)

to a projective eight-dimensional symplectic
manifold

Z
⁢

(
Y
)

Z(Y)

. The construction is based on results on linear determinantal
representations of singular cubic surfaces.
Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR
Authors: Enders Walter , Jones Paul
Published: April 2015

Ignored structural breaks in a VAR result in a misspecified model such that Granger causality tests are improperly sized; there is a bias towards a rejection of the null hypothesis of non-causality even when the null is correct. Instead of modeling structural breaks as being sharp, changes in the relationship between the maize and petroleum markets are likely to have occurred gradually. We show the flexible Fourier form has good size and power properties in testing for smooth structural change in a VAR. When applied to a VAR including maize and oil prices, we uncover important linkages between the two markets.
Reference to kinds and to other generic expressions in Spanish: definiteness and number
Authors: Borik Olga , Espinal M. Teresa
Published: April 2015

This paper is devoted to the study of definite kinds and other generic expressions, such as subkinds and definite plurals in argument position in Romance, namely Spanish. We support the claim that definite kinds denote the kind itself and are the expression of D-genericity in this type of languages. We argue that at the syntax-semantics interface definite kinds are numberless DPs composed by applying a
A “Practical Outlet” to Premillennial Faith: G. Douglas Young and the Evolution of Christian Zionist Activism in Israel
Authors: Hummel Daniel G.
Published: April 2015

G. Douglas Young, the founder of the American Institute of Holy Land Studies (now Jerusalem University College), is a largely forgotten figure in the history of Christian Zionism. Born into a fundamentalist household, Young developed an intense identification with Jews and support for the state of Israel from an early age. By 1957, when he founded his Institute, Young developed a worldview that merged numerous strands of evangelical thinking—dispensationalism, neo-evangelicalism, and his own ideas about Jewish-Christian relations—into a distinctive understanding of Israel. Young's influence in American evangelicalism reached a climax in the years 1967–1971. This period, and Young's activism therein, represents a distinct phase in the evolution of Jewish-evangelical relations and evangelical Christian Zionism. Young's engagement with the Israeli state prefigured the Christian Zionists of the 1980s.

This article examines Young's distinctive theology and politics and situates them in intellectual and international contexts. It argues that Young sought to place Christian Zionism at the center of American evangelicalism after 1967 and that his effort was only partially successful. While Young spoke to thousands of evangelicals, trained hundreds of students, and sat on boards and committees to broaden the appeal of Christian Zionism, he also met stiff resistance by some members of the American evangelical establishment. The Jerusalem Conference on Biblical Prophecy, which saw Young collide with Carl F. H. Henry, a leading American evangelical, illustrates the limits of Young's efforts. Ultimately, a look at Young reframes the rise of Christian Zionism among American evangelicals and situates activism in Israel as central to the development of Jewish-evangelical relations in the twentieth century.
Immunohistochemical expression of stem cell markers in pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas is associated with SDHx mutations
Authors: Oudijk L , Neuhofer C M , Lichtenauer U D , Papathomas T G , Korpershoek E , Stoop H , Oosterhuis J W , Smid M , Restuccia D F , Robledo M , de Cubas A A , Mannelli M , Gimenez-Roqueplo A P , Dinjens W N M , Beuschlein F , de Krijger R R
Published: April 2015

Objective

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are neuroendocrine tumors that occur in the adrenal medulla, whereas paragangliomas (PGLs) arise from paraganglia in the head, neck, thorax, or abdomen. In a variety of tumors, cancer cells with stem cell-like properties seem to form the basis of tumor initiation because of their ability to self-renew and proliferate. Specifically targeting this small cell population may lay the foundation for more effective therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we intended to identify stem cells in PCCs/PGLs.

Design

We examined the immunohistochemical expression of 11 stem cell markers (SOX2, LIN28, NGFR, THY1, PREF1, SOX17, NESTIN, CD117, OCT3/4, NANOG, and CD133) on tissue microarrays containing 208 PCCs/PGLs with different genetic backgrounds from five European centers.

Results

SOX2, LIN28, NGFR, and THY1 were expressed in more than 10% of tumors, and PREF1, SOX17, NESTIN, and CD117 were expressed in <10% of the samples. OCT3/4, NANOG, and CD133 were not detectable at all. Double staining for chromogranin A/SOX2 and S100/SOX2 demonstrated SOX2 immunopositivity in both tumor and adjacent sustentacular cells. The expression of SOX2, SOX17, NGFR, LIN28, PREF1, and THY1 was significantly associated with mutations in one of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes. In addition, NGFR expression was significantly correlated with metastatic disease.

Conclusion

Immunohistochemical expression of stem cell markers was found in a subset of PCCs/PGLs. Further studies are required to validate whether some stem cell-associated markers, such as SOX2, could serve as targets for therapeutic approaches and whether NGFR expression could be utilized as a predictor of malignancy.
Fetal cell microchimerism: a protective role in autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Cirello Valentina , Rizzo Roberta , Crippa Milena , Campi Irene , Bortolotti Daria , Bolzani Silvia , Colombo Carla , Vannucchi Guia , Maffini Maria Antonia , de Liso Federica , Ferrero Stefano , Finelli Palma , Fugazzola Laura
Published: April 2015

Objective

The physiological persistence of fetal cells in the circulation and tissue of a previously pregnant woman is called fetal cell microchimerism (FCM). It has been hypothesized to play a role in systemic autoimmune disease; however, only limited data are available regarding its role in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).

Design

Circulating FCM was analyzed in a large series of previously pregnant women with Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), or no disease (healthy controls (HCs)). To exclude the possible bias related to placental factors, the polymorphic pattern of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene, which is known to be involved in the tolerance of fetal cells by the maternal immune system, was investigated.

Methods

FCM was evaluated by PCR in the peripheral blood, and the Y chromosome was identified by fluorescencein situhybridization in some GD tissues.HLA-Gpolymorphism typing was assessed by real-time PCR.

Results

FCM was significantly more frequent in HC (63.6%) than in GD (33.3%) or HT (27.8%) women (P=0.0004 andP=0.001 respectively). A quantitative analysis confirmed that circulating male DNA was more abundant in HC than it was in GD or HT. Microchimeric cells were documented in vessels and in thyroid follicles. In neither GD/HT patients nor HC women was theHLA-Gtyping different between FCM-positive and FCM-negative cases.

Conclusion

The higher prevalence of FCM in HC as compared to GD and HT patients suggests that it plays a possible protective role in autoimmune thyroid disorders. Placental factors have been excluded as determinants of the differences found. The vascular and tissue localization of microchimeric cells further highlights the ability of those cells to migrate to damaged tissues.
The VGF-derived peptide TLQP-62 modulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Petrocchi-Passeri Pamela , Cero Cheryl , Cutarelli Alessandro , Frank Claudio , Severini Cinzia , Bartolomucci Alessandro , Possenti Roberta
Published: April 2015

Insulin secretion control is critical for glucose homeostasis. Paracrine and autocrine molecules secreted by cells of the islet of Langerhans, as well as by intramural and autonomic neurons, control the release of different hormones that modulate insulin secretion. In pancreatic islets, the abundant presence of the granin protein VGF (nonacronymic; unrelated to VEGF) suggests that some of its proteolytically derived peptides could modulate hormone release. Thus, in the present study, we screened several VGF-derived peptides for their ability to induce insulin secretion, and we identified the VGF C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 as the most effective fragment. TLQP-62 induced a potent increase in basal insulin secretion as well as in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in several insulinoma cell lines. We found that this peptide stimulated insulin release via increased intracellular calcium mobilization and fast expression of the insulin 1 gene. Moreover, the peripheral injection of TLQP-62 in mice improved glucose tolerance. Together, the present findings suggest that TLQP-62, acting as an endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine factor, can be considered a new, strong insulinotropic peptide that can be targeted for innovative antidiabetic drug discovery programs.
PRMT4 is involved in insulin secretion via the methylation of histone H3 in pancreatic β cells
Authors: Kim Joong Kwan , Lim Yongchul , Lee Jung Ok , Lee Young-Sun , Won Nam Hee , Kim Hyun , Kim Hyeon Soo
Published: April 2015

The relationship between protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and insulin synthesis in β cells is not yet well understood. In the present study, we showed that PRMT4 expression was increased in INS-1 and HIT-T15 pancreatic β cells under high-glucose conditions. In addition, asymmetric dimethylation of Arg17 in histone H3 was significantly increased in both cell lines in the presence of glucose. The inhibition or knockdown of PRMT4 suppressed glucose-induced insulin gene expression in INS-1 cells by 81.6 and 79% respectively. Additionally, the overexpression of mutant PRMT4 also significantly repressed insulin gene expression. Consistently, insulin secretion induced in response to high levels of glucose was decreased by both PRMT4 inhibition and knockdown. Moreover, the inhibition of PRMT4 blocked high-glucose-induced insulin gene expression and insulin secretion in primary pancreatic islets. These results indicate that PRMT4 might be a key regulator of high-glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells via H3R17 methylation.
Undernutrition and stage of gestation influence fetal adipose tissue gene expression
Authors: Wallace Jacqueline M , Milne John S , Aitken Raymond P , Redmer Dale A , Reynolds Lawrence P , Luther Justin S , Horgan Graham W , Adam Clare L
Published: April 2015

Low birthweight is a risk factor for neonatal mortality and adverse metabolic health, both of which are associated with inadequate prenatal adipose tissue development. In the present study, we investigated the impact of maternal undernutrition on the expression of genes that regulate fetal perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) development and function at gestation days 89 and 130 (term=145 days). Singleton fetuses were taken from adolescent ewes that were either fed control (C) intake to maintain adiposity throughout pregnancy or were undernourished (UN) to maintain conception weight but deplete maternal reserves (n=7/group). Fetal weight was independent of maternal intake at day 89, but by day 130, fetuses from UN dams were 17% lighter and had lower PAT mass that contained fewer unilocular adipocytes. Relative PAT expression ofIGF1,IGF2,IGF2Rand peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) mRNA was lower in UN than in controls, predominantly at day 89. Independent of maternal nutrition, PAT gene expression ofPPARG, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hormone sensitive lipase, leptin, uncoupling protein 1 and prolactin receptor increased, whereasIGF1,IGF2,IGF1RandIGF2Rdecreased between days 89 and 130. Fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNAs were not influenced by nutrition or stage of pregnancy. Females had greaterLPLand leptin mRNA than males, andLPL, leptin andPPARGmRNAs were decreased in UN at day 89 in females only. PAT gene expression correlations with PAT mass were stronger at day 89 than they were at day 130. These data suggest that the key genes that regulate adipose tissue development and function are active beginning in mid-gestation, at which point they are sensitive to maternal undernutrition: this leads to reduced fetal adiposity by late pregnancy.
The role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries
Authors: Chen Bo , Lu Yanrong , Chen Younan , Cheng Jingqiu
Published: April 2015

Endothelial dysfunction is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it represents the initial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Failure to protect against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage accounts for endothelial dysfunction in the majority of pathophysiological conditions. Numerous antioxidant pathways are involved in cellular redox homeostasis, among which the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is perhaps the most prominent. Nrf2, a transcription factor with a high sensitivity to oxidative stress, binds to AREs in the nucleus and promotes the transcription of a wide variety of antioxidant genes. Nrf2 is located in the cytoskeleton, adjacent to Keap1. Keap1 acts as an adapter for cullin 3/ring-box 1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2, which decreases the activity of Nrf2 under physiological conditions. Oxidative stress causes Nrf2 to dissociate from Keap1 and to subsequently translocate into the nucleus, which results in its binding to ARE and the transcription of downstream target genes. Experimental evidence has established that Nrf2-driven free radical detoxification pathways are important endogenous homeostatic mechanisms that are associated with vasoprotection in the setting of aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present review is to briefly summarize the mechanisms that regulate the Nrf2/Keap1–ARE signaling pathway and the latest advances in understanding how Nrf2 protects against oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries. Further studies regarding the precise mechanisms by which Nrf2-regulated endothelial protection occurs are necessary for determining whether Nrf2 can serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Multiple-embryo transfer for studying very early maternal–embryo interactions in cattle
Authors: Gómez E , Muñoz M
Published: April 2015

In the present paper, we highlight the need to study very early maternal–embryo interactions and discuss how these interactions can be addressed. Bovine species normally carry one or, less frequently, two embryos to term; there are very rare cases of triplets or higher-order multiple pregnancies in which all the offspring are born alive. Multiple-embryo transfer (MET) in cattle allows for the detection of endometrial responses in scenarios where single-embryo transfer would not. Although MET is non-physiological, the present study shows that at the very early embryonic stages, a uterus carrying zona-enclosed embryos does not exhibit non-physiological reactions. On the contrary, MET should be considered the sum of multiple individual effects triggered by developing embryos. We provide arguments to support our hypothesis that describe a rationale for current work with MET, and we discuss alternative hypotheses. Using cattle as a model, we describe how technical approaches to analyzing zona-enclosed early embryo–maternal interactions (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics, and endometrial cell culture) can help identify molecular changes that may be difficult to observe when only a single embryo is present. We conclude that MET can be used for studying very early maternal–embryo interactionsin vivoin monotocous species.

Free Spanish abstract

A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/2/R35/suppl/DC1.
The geometric clutch at 20: stripping gears or gaining traction?
Authors: Lindemann Charles B , Lesich Kathleen A
Published: April 2015

It has been 20 years since the geometric clutch (GC) hypothesis was first proposed. The core principle of the GC mechanism is fairly simple. When the axoneme of a eukaryotic flagellum is bent, mechanical stress generates forces transverse to the outer doublets (t-forces). These t-forces can push doublets closer together or pry them apart. The GC hypothesis asserts that changes in the inter-doublet spacing caused by t-forces are responsible for the activation and deactivation of the dynein motors, that creates the beat cycle. A series of computer models utilizing the clutch mechanism has shown that it can simulate ciliary and flagellar beating. The objective of the present review is to assess where things stand with the GC hypothesis in the clarifying light of new information. There is considerable new evidence to support the hypothesis. However, it is also clear that it is necessary to modify some of the original conceptions of the hypothesis so that it can be consistent with the results of recent experimental and ultrastructural studies. In particular, dynein deactivation by t-forces must be able to occur with dyneins that remain attached to the B-subtubule of the adjacent doublet.
Ovarian cancer: involvement of the matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Al-Alem Linah , Curry Thomas E
Published: April 2015

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. One of the reasons for the high mortality rate associated with ovarian cancer is its late diagnosis, which often occurs after the cancer has metastasized throughout the peritoneal cavity. Cancer metastasis is facilitated by the remodeling of the extracellular tumor matrix by a family of proteolytic enzymes known as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). There are 23 members of the MMP family, many of which have been reported to be associated with ovarian cancer. In the current paradigm, ovarian tumor cells and the surrounding stromal cells stimulate the synthesis and/or activation of various MMPs to aid in tumor growth, invasion, and eventual metastasis. The present review sheds light on the different MMPs in the various types of ovarian cancer and on their impact on the progression of this gynecologic malignancy.
Expression and effect of NAMPT (visfatin) on progesterone secretion in hen granulosa cells
Authors: Diot Mélodie , Reverchon Maxime , Ramé Christelle , Baumard Yannick , Dupont Joëlle
Published: April 2015

In mammals, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an adipokine produced by adipose tissue that is found in intracellular and extracellular compartments. The intracellular form of NAMPT is a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, whereas the extracellular form is considered an adipokine. In humans, NAMPT regulates energy metabolism and reproductive functions, such as ovarian steroidogenesis. To date, no study has investigated the role of NAMPT in hen ovaries. We investigated whether NAMPT is present in hen ovarian follicles and its role in granulosa cells. Using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry, we detected mRNA transcripts and proteins related to NAMPT in theca and granulosa cells from pre-ovulatory follicles. Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that mRNA NAMPT levels were higher in granulosa cells than they were in theca cells and that during follicle development, theca cell levels decreased, whereas levels remained unchanged in granulosa cells. NAMPT protein quantities were significantly higher in theca cells than they were in granulosa cells, but they were unchanged during follicular development. Plasma NAMPT levels, as determined by ELISA and immunoblotting, were significantly lower in adult hens than they were in juveniles. In vitro, treatment with human recombinant NAMPT (100 ng/ml, 48 h) halved basal and IGF1-induced progesterone secretion, and this was associated with a reduction in STAR and HSD3B protein levels and MAPK3/1 phosphorylation levels in granulosa cells. These effects were abolished by the addition of FK866, a specific inhibitor of NAMPT enzymatic activity. Moreover, NAMPT had no effect on granulosa cell proliferation. In conclusion, NAMPT is present in hen ovarian cells and inhibits progesterone production in granulosa cells.
Komunikacinė veikla Lietuvos muziejuose 2011 metais
Authors: Laužikas Rimvydas
Published: April 2015

Šiuolaikiniuose muziejaus apibrėžimuose akcentuojamos keturios pagrindinės šios institucijos funkcijos: paveldo kaupimas, išsaugojimas, tyrimai ir komunikacija1. Muziejų kaip institucijų istorijoje skirtingu laikotarpiu vienas funkcijas laikyta pagrindinėmis, kitas – pagalbinėmis. Šiuolaikinį požiūrį į muziejų veiklos prioritetus taikliai suformulavo žymus austrų muzeologas Fridrichas Vaidacheris. Jo nuomone, muziejininkystė yra „<...> savitas žmogaus santykis su tikrove, tikslingas ir sistemingas tam tikrų tikrovės daiktų išskyrimas, rinkimas, išsaugojimas ir tolesnis naudojimas kultūroje <...>“ (Waidacher, 2007). [...]
Lietuvos muziejų rinkinių konservavimas ir restauravimas 2003–2011 metais
Authors: Puškorius Arūnas , Verseckas Darius
Published: April 2015

Nuolat pastebimas didėjantis dėmesys kultūros paveldui ir instituciniu, ir visuomeniniu lygmeniu. Galima įžvelgti ir esminių pokyčių, nes paveldo vertinimo kriterijai ir suvokimas šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje kinta. Lietuvos kultūros politikos nuostatose pabrėžiama, kad muziejų vaidmuo šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje keičiasi. Muziejai turi derinti vertybių kaupimą ir saugojimą su komunikacija, informacijos teikimu visuomenei, jos švietimu“ (Senapėdis, 2003). [...]
Mediating Effect of Anxiety to Perform Social Skill on The Relationship Between Inter-Parental Conflict and Adolescents’ Self-Efficacy
Authors: Parsa Parisa , Parsa Nakisa , Ahmad-Panah Mohammad , Ghaleiha Ali
Published: April 2015

Despite of importance of self-efficacy in psychological and social well being among adolescent, still numbers of student suffers of low self-efficacy and consequently low academic performance. Therefore, this is important to examine what factors associate with self-efficacy among adolescent. This study aims to determine the relationships between inter-parental conflict, anxiety to perform social skill and self-efficacy among late adolescent students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This quantitative study used a correlation research design. Participants of this study were 374 female and male collage students aged between 17-19 years old. Participants were identified by probability proportional for size sampling. Self- administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Instruments consist of General Self-Efficacy Scale, The Children’s Perception of Inter-parental Conflict Scale, Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour. All the instruments were highly reliable. Descriptive, bi-variate and multivariate statistics were used in data analysis. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that perception of inter-parental conflicts and anxiety to perform social skill were negatively related to adolescent’s self-efficacy (p<0.05). The result of study also shows that anxiety to performance of social skill partially mediates the relationships between inter-parental conflicts with self- efficacy among respondents. The result of the present study highlighted the importance of maternal and paternal factors in enhancing self-efficacy among late adolescent students. The nature of anxiety to perform social skill as a mediator implied that self-efficacy of adolescents can be improved if parent-adolescent relationships be improved and adolescent do not experience insecurity and anxiety. High level of warmth parental attachment may have benefit for adolescent‘s self-efficacy.
PRES in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell or Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Masetti Riccardo , Cordelli Duccio Maria , Zama Daniele , Vendemini Francesca , Biagi Carlotta , Franzoni Emilio , Pession Andrea
Published: April 2015

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical neuroradiologic entity that is becoming increasingly well known and documented in pediatrics. It is characterized by a variable association of seizures, headache, vomiting, altered mental status, visual disturbances, and seizures, as well as imaging suggesting white-gray matter edema involving the posterior regions of the central nervous system in most cases. The pathophysiology of PRES remains unclear. Although PRES has been associated with a widespread range of clinical conditions, namely infections, adverse drug events, autoimmune diseases, and many others, its onset after hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation remains the most commonly reported. Historically, PRES has proved to be generally reversible and associated with good clinical outcomes; however, severe complications, sometimes life-threatening, can also occur. Most reported cases of childhood PRES after hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplantation have been case reports or series across a broad spectrum of different transplant settings, and no clear consensus exists regarding how best to manage the syndrome. Thus, in this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of PRES in children, with a specific focus on the transplant scenario. Differential diagnoses with other neurologic complications after pediatric transplantation are reviewed, and crucial issues in the management of PRES and the development of future research are ultimately addressed.
Oseltamivir-Warfarin Interaction in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Case Report and Review
Authors: Wagner Jonathan , Abdel-Rahman Susan M.
Published: April 2015

An 8-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome with a previous history of thrombosis within the inferior vena cava receiving stable warfarin dosing for anticoagulation was diagnosed with influenza B. He was subsequently placed on oseltamivir therapy according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical practice guidelines. During the hospitalization, his international normalized ratio steadily increased to supratherapeutic levels and returned to baseline after discontinuation of oseltamivir therapy. This case represents a drug-drug interaction that has not been previously reported in children or adolescents. An extensive review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic literature did not uncover a definitive etiology for this interaction. However, several undefined aspects in each drug’s disposition pathway need further elucidation. Until this interaction is understood, caution is warranted, and close monitoring of the international normalized ratio should be performed in all patients prescribed oseltamivir concomitantly with warfarin.
The Early Benefits of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on Cervical Dysplasia and Anogenital Warts
Authors: Smith Leah M. , Strumpf Erin C. , Kaufman Jay S. , Lofters Aisha , Schwandt Michael , Lévesque Linda E.
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND:

Despite widespread promotion of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccination for young girls, there is limited information on the vaccine’s real-world effectiveness and none on the effectiveness of qHPV vaccination programs. We assessed the impact of the qHPV vaccine and Ontario’s grade 8 qHPV vaccination program on cervical dysplasia and anogenital warts (AGW).

METHODS:

By using administrative health databases of Ontario, Canada, we identified a population-based retrospective cohort of girls in grade 8 before (2005/2006–2006/2007) and after (2007/2008–2008/2009) program implementation. Vaccine exposure was ascertained in grades 8 to 9 and outcomes in grades 10 to 12. A quasi-experimental approach known as regression discontinuity was used to estimate absolute risk differences (RDs), relative risks (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) attributable to vaccination and program eligibility (intention-to-treat analysis).

RESULTS:

The cohort comprised 131 781 ineligible and 128 712 eligible girls (n = 260 493). We identified 2436 cases of dysplasia and 400 cases of AGW. Vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of dysplasia by 5.70 per 1000 girls (95% CI −9.91 to −1.50), corresponding to a relative reduction of 44% (RR 0.56; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.87). Program eligibility also had a significant protective effect on dysplasia: RD −2.32/1000 (95% CI −4.02 to −0.61); RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.94). Results suggested decreases in AGW attributable to vaccination (RD −0.83/1000, 95% CI −2.54 to 0.88; RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.58) and program eligibility (RD −0.34/1000, 95% CI −1.03 to 0.36; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.25).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides strong evidence of the early benefits of qHPV vaccination among girls aged 14 to 17 years, offering additional justification for not delaying vaccination.
Hospital Stay for Healthy Term Newborn Infants
Authors: Benitz William E. ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, Watterberg Kristi L. , Aucott Susan , Benitz William E. , Cummings James J. , Eichenwald Eric C. , Goldsmith Jay , Poindexter Brenda B. , Puopolo Karen , Stewart Dan L. , Wang Kasper S.
Published: April 2015

The hospital stay of the mother and her healthy term newborn infant should be long enough to allow identification of problems and to ensure that the mother is sufficiently recovered and prepared to care for herself and her newborn at home. The length of stay should be based on the unique characteristics of each mother-infant dyad, including the health of the mother, the health and stability of the newborn, the ability and confidence of the mother to care for herself and her newborn, the adequacy of support systems at home, and access to appropriate follow-up care in a medical home. Input from the mother and her obstetrical care provider should be considered before a decision to discharge a newborn is made, and all efforts should be made to keep a mother and her newborn together to ensure simultaneous discharge.
Structural characterization of TiO2nanopowders by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Mamedov Sergey
Published: April 2015

TiO2nanopowders obtained using different methods with the mean size of 5, 15, and 30 nm have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy in wide spectral range. Nano-size of TiO2crystals lead to a shift and broadening of the first-order Raman lines through a relaxation of the q = 0 selection rule and effects on to the position, width and asymmetry of a Raman bands. The details of the evolution of the 142.9 cm-1Raman line shape on the size and distributions of the nanopowders are presented and discussed in frame of confined phonons model. Analysis of Raman spectra shows that structural characteristics of nanopowders may be different even size of the nanopowders is the same. Structural features of the material depend on preparation methods/conditions and can be extracted from Raman spectra of the material.
Precise Implant Placement with a Computer-Assisted Surgical Guide in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Doh Re-Mee , Dam Chugeum , Kyung Kyu-Young , Park Wonse
Published: April 2015

It is very common for cleft lip and palate patients to have congenitally missing teeth. Insufficient buccopalatal bone volume, a shallow vestibule, and lack of soft tissue resulting from previous surgical scarring render it difficult for clinicians to place implants in the missing area. This report describes guide surgery that represents a treatment option for cases in which implants need to be placed in tight spaces with minimal bone space, to minimize as far as possible manual placement errors.
Integrative and Systemic Approaches for Evaluating PPARβ/δ (PPARD) Function
Authors: Attianese Greta MP Giordano , Desvergne Béatrice
Published: April 2015

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation, development, metabolism and also tumorigenesis. Three PPAR isotypes (α, β/δ and γ) have been identified, among which PPARβ/δ (PPARD) is the most difficult to functionally examine due to its tissue-specific diversity in cell fate determination, energy metabolism and housekeeping activities. PPARβ/δ acts both in a ligand-dependent and -independent manner. The specific type of regulation, activation or repression, is determined by many factors, among which the type of ligand, the presence/absence of PPARβ/δ-interacting corepressor or coactivator complexes and PPARβ/δ protein post-translational modifications play major roles. Recently, new global approaches to the study of nuclear receptors have made it possible to evaluate their molecular activity in a more systemic fashion, rather than deeply digging into a single pathway/function. This systemic approach is ideally suited for studying PPARβ/δ, due to its ubiquitous expression in various organs and its overlapping and tissue-specific transcriptomic signatures. The aim of the present review is to present in detail the diversity of PPARβ/δ function, focusing on the different information gained at the systemic level, and describing the global and unbiased approaches that combine a systems view with molecular understanding.
Identification of Chemical Modulators of the Constitutive Activated Receptor (CAR) in a Gene Expression Compendium
Authors: Oshida Keiyu , Vasani Naresh , Jones Carlton , Moore Tanya , Hester Susan , Nesnow Stephen , Auerbach Scott , Geter David R. , Aleksunes Lauren M. , Thomas Russell S. , Applegate Dawn , Klaassen Curtis D. , Corton J. Christopher
Published: April 2015

The nuclear receptor family member constitutive activated receptor (CAR) is activated by structurally diverse drugs and environmentally-relevant chemicals leading to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and transport. Chronic activation of CAR increases liver cancer incidence in rodents, whereas suppression of CAR can lead to steatosis and insulin insensitivity. Here, analytical methods were developed to screen for chemical treatments in a gene expression compendium that lead to alteration of CAR activity. A gene expression biomarker signature of 83 CAR-dependent genes was identified using microarray profiles from the livers of wild-type and CAR-null mice after exposure to three structurally-diverse CAR activators (CITCO, phenobarbital, TCPOBOP). A rank-based algorithm (Running Fisher's algorithm (p-value < 10-4)) was used to evaluate the similarity between the CAR biomarker signature and a test set of 28 and 32 comparisons positive or negative, respectively, for CAR activation; the test resulted in a balanced accuracy of 97%. The biomarker signature was used to identify chemicals that activate or suppress CAR in an annotated mouse liver/primary hepatocyte gene expression database of ∼1850 comparisons. CAR was activated by 1) activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in wild-type but not AhR-null mice, 2) pregnane X receptor (PXR) activators in wild-type and to lesser extents in PXR-null mice, and 3) activators of PPARα in wild-type and PPARα-null mice. CAR was consistently activated by five conazole fungicides and four perfluorinated compounds. Comparison of effects in wild-type and CAR-null mice showed that the fungicide propiconazole increased liver weight and hepatocyte proliferation in a CAR-dependent manner, whereas the perfluorinated compound perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increased these endpoints in a CAR-independent manner. A number of compounds suppressed CAR coincident with increases in markers of inflammation including acetaminophen, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, and 300 nm silica particles. In conclusion, we have shown that a CAR biomarker signature coupled with a rank-based similarity method accurately predicts CAR activation. This analytical approach, when applied to a gene expression compendium, increased the universe of known chemicals that directly or indirectly activate CAR, highlighting the promiscuous nature of CAR activation and signaling through activation of other xenobiotic-activated receptors.
Environmentally sustainable practices at UK airports
Authors: Budd Thomas , Budd Lucy , Ison Stephen
Published: April 2015

In response to growing concerns about rising energy bills, long-term energy security and the environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, airport operators worldwide are increasingly implementing new sustainable practices to help reduce costs, increase efficiency and reduce their environmental impacts. These initiatives include the installation of on-site wind turbines, biomass plants, and ‘smart' heating and lighting systems as well as other ‘green' initiatives including rainwater harvesting initiatives, improved recycling facilities and financial incentives to encourage staff to travel to work by modes other than the private car. Drawing on specific examples, this paper examines the ways in which UK airports have responded to the challenge of reducing the environmental impacts of operations for which they are directly responsible by implementing green and sustainable energy and working practices. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of sustainable airport practices in light of future growth in key emerging aviation markets.
Friction characteristics of airfield asphalt concrete in service
Authors: Widyatmoko Iswandaru , Fergusson Carl , Wood James
Published: April 2015

It took 5 years to reach a position where un-grooved asphalt concrete is now considered a viable alternative to grooved asphalt concrete for airfield pavements in the UK. The main challenges during the initial introduction of this ‘new' French-designed material were some reservations from the UK aviation industry to the application of previously unused types of asphalt, local and historical practice, and regulations. This paper presents an insight into the stages of approach adopted during the introduction of a new family of asphalt concrete which negates the need for grooving, the main challenges and achievements of the project team, together with some technical data related to design, project specification and long-term performance monitoring. The approach that was adopted and the findings presented in this paper successfully convinced some UK airport operators and managers to adopt un-grooved asphalt concrete as their runway surface course of choice. Records to date demonstrating the ability of well-designed surfacing material to maintain very good friction characteristics since the opening of the respective runways are also presented; this includes a case study on the most recent resurfacing work at Manchester airport's principal runway.
A Qualidade da Radiografia e Erros Mais Comuns na Auditoria Radiográfica
Authors: Luciana Palmieri Fares Ferreira  , Cristiane Escudeiro Santos
Published: April 2015

Os exames radiográficos são rotineiramente encaminhados às operadoras de planos de saúde odontológicos para comprovação de alguns procedimentos. Cabe à auditoria técnica-analítica avaliar a conformidade ou não destes procedimentos através de radiografias de boa qualidade, sob pena de glosa do procedimento que dela depender. Este breve artigo tem a finalidade de relatar as falhas mais comuns que ocorrem nas radiografias apresentadas à operadora de plano de saúde odontológica e descrever se é aceitável ou não pela auditoria radiológica. Para tanto, foram analisadas 110 radiografias periapicais onde foram observados os seguintes aspectos: alongamento, encurtamento, alta densidade, baixa densidade, ranhura, halo ou meia lua. A baixa qualidade radiográfica dos tratamentos, causa alta incidência de retrabalhos, trazendo danos ao profissional assistente, à operadora e ao beneficiário, uma vez que, causam desperdícios de recursos financeiros os quais poderiam ser revertidos para todos.