bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness Analysis of CAR-T Cell Therapy for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in China
Authors: Wu Weijia , Ding Shuyi , Zhang Mingming , Zhou Yuping , Sun Xueshan , Zhao Zixuan , Yang Yi , Hu Yongxian , Dong Hengjin
Published: November 2022

Background
The treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) dramatically changed with the emergence of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two CAR-T cell treatments for RRMM patients from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.
Methods
Markov modelling was used to evaluate Idecabtagene vicleucel(Ide-cel) and Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel) compared with currently available salvage chemotherapy for patients with RRMM over a lifetime horizon. The model was developed based on data from the three studies: CARTITUDE-1, KarMMa and MAMMOTH. Each CAR-T cell treatments was compared with currently available salvage chemotherapy. The healthcare cost and utility of RRMM patients were collected in a Chinese single institution. Main outcomes were life-years, discounted lifetime costs, discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
Results
In the base case analysis, 3.5% and 30.4% of RRMM patients were expected to be long-term survivor after 5 years of Ide-cel and Cilta-cel treatment. Compared to salvage chemotherapy, Ide-cel and Cilta-cel were associated with the incremental QALYs of 1.14 and 3.32, and increment cost of US $166,643 and $111,225, leading to ICERs of $146,764 and $33,547 per QALY. In the scenario analyses, the ICER was $138,249 and $28,844 per QALY under assumption that the model starting age is changed from 60 to 55 for Ide-cel and Cilta-cel, and ICER was $148,486 and $40,691 per QALY under assumption that success rate of CAR-T therapy manufacturing was 100%.
Conclusions
Under the wiling-to-pay of 3 times China's per capita GDP in 2021, Cilta-cel was cost-effectiveness options compared to salvage chemotherapy for patients with RRMM while Ide-cel not. With younger target people, potential price discount and long-term survival improvement, the ICERs of the two CAR-T cell treatments would decrease.
Disentangle the elderly’s positive coping behavior in times of COVID-19: Perspectives from the social network, information acquisition, and perceived community support
Authors: Peng Chuanyu , Hu Hangyu , Yuan Guoping , Chen Junpeng , Mao Yanhui
Published: November 2022

Background
The global COVID-19 pandemic has devastatingly affected human well-being, especially for the elderly, who are more vulnerable to virus infection. However, scientific research and corresponding suggestions on how to help them cope positively with COVID-19 are emergently needed.
Method
Based on preliminary interviews with potential factors that may affect the elderly’s positive coping behavior, this study investigated 916 Chinese elderly (aged 60–96) and disentangled the impact of social network (i.e., network size, network strength, and network heterogeneity), information acquisition (i.e., depth and breadth of information), and perceived community support on the elderly’s COVID-19 positive coping behavior.
Results
Our results showed that social network (network strength and heterogeneity) and information acquisition are directly associated with positive coping behavior and indirectly through perceived community support.
Conclusions
Our findings enrich the theoretical literature on the elderly’s positive coping behavior in times of COVID-19 and provide new perspectives on how to help the elderly cope with health crises from the perspective of social network, information acquisition, and perceived community support.
Floral anatomy points to autogamy as the evolutionary path in Elatinaceae (Malpighiales)
Authors: Bonifácio Stéphani Karoline Vasconcelos , Amorim André M. , Oliveira Denise Maria Trombert
Published: November 2022

Since being established, the phylogenetic position of Elatinaceae has been controversial, but recent phylogenetic studies place it in Malpighiales as the sister group of Malpighiaceae. Molecular data support this relationship, but some morphological aspects of it are still poorly understood, especially floral evolution in Elatinaceae and its relationship with close lineages. Based on representatives of the two accepted genera in Elatinaceae, Bergia, and Elatine, we describe the floral anatomy of the family, compare it to that of the phylogenetically closest families, and discuss the relevance of anatomical floral characters. The presence of a glandular connective and hypostase are possible synapomorphies of the Elatinaceae + Malpighiaceae clade. The calyx glands present in Elatinaceae comprise cells with phenolic content without secretory activity. Some characters are autapomorphies for Elatinaceae, such as a reduction in the number of microsporangia and a thin-walled endothecium. However, other characteristics, such as a gamosepalous calyx, non-functional calyx glands, axile placentation, pendulous ovules, and intercarpellary vascular complexes, also occur in other families in the Malpighiales. The autapomorphies of Elatinaceae are evidence of structural adaptations of the flower in favor of autogamy, which could explain numerous morphological reversions. This aspect constitutes a marked difference in the Elatinaceae + Malpighiaceae clade since the latter is allogamous and Elatinaceae is autogamous, processes that are relevant to the evolutionary history of the two lineages.
Apoptosis in hypoxic mice influenced by miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1α and miR- 21-siRNAs-HVCN1
Authors: Ijabi Janat , Roozehdar Parisa , Afrisham Reza , Moradi-Sardareh Heman , Polizzi Nicholas , Jasoni Christine L , Kaminsky Zachary A. , Ijabi Roghayeh , Tehranian Najmeh , Sadeghi Adel , Oraibi Bha-Aldan Mundher
Published: November 2022

Background
The complications of intraventricular-cerebral hemorrhage in premature infants are irreversible and epilepsy is common in these infants. Inflammation may cause damage to brain cells by increasing oxygen consumption, intracellular calcium, and acidosis. In an infant with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), the increase of HIF-1a and HVCN1can reduce the complication of oxygen consumption and acidosis as well as by decrease of S100B can protect nerve cells from apoptosis and epilepsy through less brain damage. In this study, we investigated apoptosis in hypoxic mice influenced by miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1.
Methods
YKL40, HIF-1a, HVCN1, and S100b genes were compared between two groups of preterm infants with and without maternal inflammation on the firth and the third day of birth, and also they were followup up three months later to observe their seizures. Then, we transfected miRNAs into cell lines to detect the changes in YKL40, HIF-1a, HVCN1, and S100b genes expression and nerve cell apoptosis. By using specific siRNAs injected in mice, we increased the expression of HIF-1a and HVCN1 and decreased S100b genes. Changes in gene expression were assessed using real-time PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry (FCM), and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results
The expression of the HVCN1 gene revealed a strong negative correlation with epilepsy in both groups of newborns (P < 0.001). The expression levels of the S100b, YKL40, and HIF-1a genes were significantly correlated with epilepsy (P < 0.001). By FCM, the apoptotic index (A.I.) was 41.6 ± 3.3 and 34.5 ± 5.2% after transfecting miRNA-431 and miRNA-34a in cell lines, respectively, while the A.I. was 9.6 ± 2.7 and 7.1 ± 4.2% after transfecting miRNA-21 and miRNA-138. By using IHC double-labeling, it was determined that when hypoxic mice received simultaneous injections of miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1, there was less apoptosis and epilepsy than in the hypoxia group.
Conclusions
By injecting miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1 simultaneously into hypoxia mice, we boosted HVCN1 and HIF-1a and decreased S100b, which reduced apoptosis and epilepsy in hypoxic mice.
Modelling and Analysis of Cyclone Separation Efficiency Based on Spacecraft Heat Pump System
Authors: Niu Zitian , Fu Zhendong , Yang Qi , Wu Qi , Yang Le , Miao Jianyin
Published: November 2022

The heat pump can effectively achieve high power and extremely high-temperature heat dissipation of manned spacecraft. The cyclone oil-gas separator is the core component of the heat pump system to separate lubricating oil and prevent it from entering the heat exchanger. In this paper, a one-dimensional separation efficiency calculation model is built based on the geometry of the spacecraft heat pump system's cyclone oil and gas separator, which can implement the fast calculation of the separation efficiency. At the same time, the structural parameters of the separator, the operating parameters and the physical properties of the oil-gas mixture entering into the separator are analyzed to obtain their influence rules on the separation efficiency, which can guide the design of the separator and the compressor's system operating conditions.
Total pancreatectomy for the treatment of grade C late post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage
Authors: xu yong-fu , wang ai-dong , fang zheping , du xuefeng , li zhenyu , zhang caiming , zhang fabiao
Published: November 2022

Objective: Late post-pancreatoduodenectomy hemorrhage (LPPH) is associated with a significant increase in perioperative mortality. It is of great significance to explore effective treatment methods for severe LPPH patients.
Methods: Between 2014 and 2021, 224 pancreatoduodenectomies were performed, and 14 patients had a late hemorrhage (occurring >24 h postoperatively). The clinicopathological variables and treatments related to hemorrhage were investigated.
Results: Out of the 14 LPPH patients, 6 had grade B hemorrhage and 8 had grade C hemorrhage. There were 11 cases of comorbid pancreatic fistula, 5 cases of biliary fistula, and 7 cases of abdominal infection. The median time to first hemorrhage after surgery was 9 days. Of the 6 grade B LPPH patients, 4 underwent conservative treatment, 1 underwent transarterial embolization (TAE), and 1 underwent local suturing at the bleeding site for hemostasis. Of the 8 grade C LPPH patients, One patient without pancreatic fistula and abdominal infection was given conservative treatment after no bleeding was found by digital subtraction angiography examination. The other 7 patients had comorbid pancreatic fistula, of which 5 had comorbid abdominal infection, 3 had comorbid biliary fistula, and all 7 patients underwent total pancreatectomy of the residual pancreas. Three of these patients simultaneously underwent endovascular treatment. All patients recovered and were discharged, with a mortality of 0%.
Conclusion: Total pancreatectomy of the residual pancreas is safe and feasible in grade C LPPH patients with comorbid pancreatic fistula, biliary leakage, or abdominal infection.
IKAROS and AIOLOS activate AP-1 transcriptional complexes and are essential for natural killer cell development
Authors: Huntington Nicholas , Goh Wilford , Foroutan Momeneh , Scheer Sebastian , Pfefferle Aline , Sudholz Harrison , Shen Zihan , Delconte Rebecca , Hennesey Robert , Kong Isabella , Schuster Iona , Andoniou Chris , Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando , Hediyeh-zadeh Soroor , Davis Melissa , Beavis Paul , Degli-Esposti Mariapia , Thiele Daniel , Kallies Axel , Cursons Joe , Rautela Jai , Nutt Stephen
Published: November 2022

Ikaros family transcription factors regulate lymphocyte biology and are targets of the immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) for hematological maligancies. Ikaros (Ikzf1/IKZF1) is the most broadly expressed family member in lymphocytes, yet its role in innate lymphopoiesis was unknown. Here we used conditional gene inactivation to reveal that Ikaros is required for normal NK cell development. Ikzf1-null NK cells had impaired IL-15 signaling, manifesting in reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Cish and Socs2, known negative regulators of IL-15 signaling are increased in Ikzf1-null NK cells and are direct targets of Ikaros-mediated repression. Ikzf1-null NK cells have extensive transcriptional alterations with a striking reduction in expression of genes encoding AP-1 transcriptional complexes as well as a compensatory increase in Ikaros-family members, Ikzf2 and Ikzf3. Deletion of both Ikzf1 and Ikzf3 in NK cells further reduced AP-1 gene expression culminating in a complete loss of peripheral NK cells in mice. Inactivation of Ikaros-family members in human NK cells also impaired their fitness and function, while genetic screens revealed a co-dependency on IKZF1 and individual AP-1 genes in hematopoietic cell survival, suggesting that IMiDs induce apoptosis of malignant IKZF1/3-dependent cells by ablating AP-1 transcriptional activity. Collectively we show the Ikaros-family are novel regulators of cytokine responsiveness and essential for promoting AP-1 transcriptional activity required for NK cell development.
Effects and safety of propofol intravenous anesthesia in transvaginal oocyte retrieval on outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation
Authors: Liu Xiao-ming , Zhang Fan , Zhong Hao-Yue , Lu Xiao-Sheng , Xie Zuo-Liang , Zhao Jun-Zhao , Xi Hai-Tao
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Propofol is a common anesthetic agent used for oocyte retrieval procedures to reduce the pain and fear in outpatients. However, the potential effects and safety of propofol on in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is not clear yet.
Methods
A total of 1187 patients undergoing IVF-ET were recruited in this retrospective study and divided into two groups depending on whether they received propofol (propofol group, n = 140) or not (control group, n = 1047) for anesthesia during oocyte retrieval.
Results
Baseline information did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with control group, the number of oocytes retrieved in propofol group was more (p = 0.012), while both the estradiol (E2) level on the trigger day and the pre-ovulatory follicle count were higher in propofol group ((p < 0.01). Furthermore, the preterm delivery rate was higher in the propofol group (p < 0.001). To further analyze the effect of propofol on the oocyte retrieval rate, patients were divided into three subgroups depending on the pre-ovulatory follicle count (≤ 10, 11–20, and > 20) to eliminate the influence of inconsistency in the estimation of the pre-ovulatory follicle count between the two groups. Data showed that oocyte retrieval with propofol was beneficial for getting more oocytes in the pre-ovulatory follicle count 11–20 subgroup (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Oocyte retrieval with propofol had no negative effect on fertilization, embryo quality, and clinical outcomes, and could raise the oocyte retrieval rate in patients with an estimated pre-ovulatory follicle count 11–20. These findings provided evidence for further clinical applications of this technique.
Short-term outcome of adrenal radiofrequency ablation of huge adrenal cysts: A single-center experience
Authors: Pak Shin Jeong , Lee Yu-mi , Kim Pyo Nyun , Kim Byung-Chang , Cho Jae Won , Kim Won Woong , Sung Tae-Yon , Chung Ki-wook , Hong Suck Joon
Published: November 2022

Percutaneous thermal ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for liver, kidney, lung, bone, and thyroid tumors. This treatment also has been used to treat adrenal tumors in patients, but there is no evidence for the efficacy of thermal ablation of adrenal cysts. The present study was performed to analyze the experience of a single center with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of huge adrenal cysts and to evaluate its efficacy. The present study enrolled all patients who underwent percutaneous RFA for unilateral adrenal cysts from 2019 to 2021. All patients underwent USG-guided percutaneous aspiration of cystic fluid, followed by RFA. A total nine patients with huge adrenal cysts were included in this study. All of them underwent technically successful percutaneous RFA, with no immediate complication. Follow-up CT 3 months after RFA showed that one patient had a poor response. She underwent secondary RFA with resulting in a good response. After a median follow-up period of 17.2 months, eight patients showed no evidence of recurrence. The patient, who showed evidence of recurrence, refused any other treatment and has been under regular surveillance. None of the nine patients developed adrenal insufficiency during the follow-up period. In conclusion, percutaneous RFA is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for huge adrenal cystic masses, suggesting that percutaneous RFA may be a good alternative option in selected patients.
Ab initio studies on complexes of ozone with triatomic and larger molecules.
Authors: Grein Friedrich
Published: November 2022

Using coupled cluster methods with quadruple-zeta basis sets stable structures were found for complexes of ozone with common triatomic molecules as well as with ammonia and methane. The largest dissociation energy of 917 cm− 1 was obtained for the hydrogen bonded O3-NH3 complex, exceeding the value for O3-H2O (787 cm− 1). The high dissociation energy of the O3-NH3 complex is seen as an exception to the expected sequence of stabilities. Large dissociation energies were obtained also for O3-SO2 (717 cm− 1), O3-N2O (688 cm− 1), O3-HCN (659 cm− 1) and O3-CO2 (652 cm− 1). Dissociation energies for the C1 structure (559 cm− 1) and Ci structure (556 cm− 1) of the ozone dimer are nearly identical despite pronounced differences in geometries. Hydrogen bonding of HF, H2O, NH3 and CH4 with ozone is contrasted to hydrogen bonding with the oxygen molecule. Large shifts in vibrational frequencies were found for the ozone dimer, with a red shift of 51 cm− 1 and a blue shift of 25 cm− 1 for the antisymmetric stretching band of ozone. Larger frequency shifts are also seen for complexes of ozone with NH3, HCN, H2O and N2O.
The inverse first-passage time problem as hydrodynamic limit of a particle system
Authors: Klump Alexander
Published: November 2022

Given a distribution on the positive real line, the two-sided inverse first-passage time problem for Brownian motion asks for a function, such that the first-passage time of this function by a reflected Brownian motion has the given distribution. We present a particle system without branching but with selection at timepoints depending on the given distribution on the positive real line, whose hydrodynamic limit is the distribution of a Brownian motion conditioned to not have passed the solution of the inverse first-passage time problem. As application we extract a simple Monte-Carlo method to simulate these solutions.
Effect of the geometric structures of mask feature on the microstructure forming in through-mask electrochemical micromachining
Authors: Wang Guoqian , Jiang Shan , Ni Shoudong , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2022

The manufacturing of surface microstructure is an important means for the modification of surface characteristics of parts. Through-mask electrochemical manufacturing is also an efficient way to fabricate surface microstructures. Nevertheless, in cases where the through-mask electrochemical manufacturing is used for the fabrication of microstructures, many experiments are required to control the cross-section morphology of the microstructures. Furthermore, there is a lack of quantitative analysis of the impact of key variables on the process. In this paper, using numerical simulations based on the geometric structure of mask feature, we analyze the effects of the aspect ratio of mask feature and the gap between cathode to mask on electrochemical micromachining. We further investigate the influence laws of the mask feature’s geometric structure on the anode current density distribution and forming process. A critical value of "0.8" is also determined for aspect ratio of mask feature which is closely related to the anode current density distribution and forming process. The through-mask electrochemical micromachining experiments confirm the effect laws of the geometric structure of the mask feature. And the critical value (0.8) of aspect ratio can be used as the basis for selecting mask feature.
Polysilsesquioxane-modified Cellulose Insulating Paper with Excellent Mechanical Properties, Electrical Properties and Aging Resistance
Authors: Li Chengen , Yang Lu , Wang Zuhao , Tang Chao
Published: November 2022

Nano-modified insulating paper is regarded as a promising material in power systems due to its outstanding performance. In this paper, three kinds of polysilsesquioxane nanoparticles with different substituents (octaaminophenyl POSS, octaphenyl POSS, and octamethyl POSS) were used to prepare modified cellulose insulating paper. It was found that the doping of polysilsesquioxane nanoparticles could effectively improve the tensile strength of insulating paper and reduce its relative dielectric constant. Specifically, doping of 10 wt% octaaminophenyl POSS (OAPS) showed the best modification effect. On this basis, accelerated thermal aging test was carried out on the 10 wt% OAPS modified insulating paper. Compared with the unmodified sample, the tensile strength of the modified sample increased by 16.87% and the relative dielectric constant decreased by 24.63% after aging at 130 ℃ for 31 days. Molecular simulation technology was used to study the micro mechanism and results show that OAPS can significantly improve the tensile strength, dielectric properties and thermal stability of cellulose insulating paper by forming hydrogen bonds with cellulose chains, reducing the system polarizability and the movement strength of cellulose chains.
Metabolomic profiling in kidney cells treated with a sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 inhibitor
Authors: Jo Hyung Ah , Seo Jong-Hyun , Lee Sunhwa , Yu Mi-yeon , Bae Eunjin , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Yon Su , Kim Da Jung , Yang Seung Hee
Published: November 2022

We aimed to determine the metabolomic profile of kidney cells under high glucose conditions and following sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor treatment. Targeted metabolomics using the Absolute IDQ-p180 kit was applied to quantify metabolites in kidney cells stimulated with high glucose (25 and 50 mM) and treated with SGLT2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin (2 µM). Primary cultured human tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, and glomerular endothelial cells were used to identify the metabolomic profile in high glucose conditions following dapagliflozin treatment. The levels of asparagine, PC ae C34:1, and PC ae C36:2 were elevated in tubular epithelial cells stimulated with 50 mM glucose and were significantly decreased after 2 µM dapagliflozin treatment. The level of PC aa C32:0 was significantly decreased after 50 mM glucose treatment compared with the control, and its level was significantly increased after dapagliflozin treatment in podocytes. The level of arginine in glomerular endothelial cells was decreased after stimulation with 50 mM glucose, whereas dapagliflozin treatment significantly elevated its level. The differentially expressed metabolites in kidney cells stimulated by the SGLT2 inhibitor under high glucose conditions were distinct according to cell types.
Impact of Activation Energy and Variable Properties on Peristaltic Flow through Porous Wall Channel
Authors: Rafiq Maimona , Shaheen Asma , Khedher Nidhal Ben , Tag-ElDin Sayed Mohamed , Khan M. Ijaz
Published: November 2022

The current study discusses the peristaltic flow of Jeffrey fluid through a porous wall channel. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects are also considered while formulating the problem. Heat and mass transfer are discussed in the presence of activation energy constant heat source/sink effects. A Chemical reaction is also part of the analysis. The Lubrication approach is adopted for the simplification of resulting non-linear equations. MATHEMATICA command, NDSolve, is used to discuss the results graphically. Parabolic behavior is noticed for velocity. The decreasing trend is shown by concentration when the value of the chemical reaction parameter is enhanced.
Guilt Emotion Modulates Social Attention Orienting Triggered by Eye Gaze
Authors: Zhao Wen , Yang Jiajia , Hu Zhonghua
Published: November 2022

Gaze direction can trigger social attentional orientation, characterised by an enhancement of the reaction in detecting targets appearing in a gazed-at location compared with those appearing in other locations, called the gaze-cueing effect. Here, we investigated whether a feeling of guilt established from prior interaction with a cueing face could modulate the gaze-cueing effect. Participants first completed a guilt-induction task using a modified dot-estimation paradigm to associate the feeling of guilt with a specific face, and then the face that established the binding relationship was used as the stimulus in a gaze-cueing task. The results showed that guilt-directed faces and control faces induce equal magnitudes of gaze-cueing effect in 200 ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), while guilt-directed faces induce a smaller gaze-cueing effect than control faces in 700 ms SOA. These findings provide first evidence for the role of guilt emotion on social attention triggered by eye gaze.
The genetic basis of grain protein content in rice by genome-wide association analysis
Authors: Chen Pingli , Lou Guangming , Wang Yufu , Chen Junxiao , Chen Wengfeng , Fan Zhilan , Liu Qing , Sun Bingrui , Mao Xingxue , Yu Hang , Jiang Liqun , Zhang Jing , Lv Shuwei , Xing Junlian , Pan Dajian , Li Chen , He Yuqing
Published: November 2022

The grain protein content (GPC) of rice is an important factor that determines its nutritional, cooking, and eating qualities. To date, some genes affecting GPC have been identified in rice, most of which have been cloned using mutants. A few genes controlling rice GPC have been cloned in the natural population. Here, 135 significant association loci were detected in a genome-wide associated study (GWAS), and many loci could be repeatedly detected across different years and populations. Four minor quantitative trait loci affecting rice GPC at four significant association loci, qPC1.1, qPC1.2, qPC1.3, and qPC1.4, were further validated in near-isogenic line F2 populations (NIL-F2), and explained 9.82, 43.4, 29.2, and 13.6% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The associated flo5 knockdown mutation simultaneously increased the grain chalkiness rate and GPC. Three candidate genes in a significant association locus region were analyzed using haplotype and expression profiles. The findings of this study will contribute to the cloning of rice GPC genes to elucidate the genetic regulatory network of protein synthesis and accumulation in rice, and provide new dominant alleles for marker-assisted selection in the genetic improvement of rice grain quality.
Optimization of the cutting tool geometry when milling aluminum honeycomb structures
Authors: Zarrouk Tarik , Salhi Jamal-Eddine , Nouari Mohammed , Salhi Merzouki , Kodad Jalal
Published: November 2022

The manufacture of aluminum honeycomb structures is a major concern for companies in the aerospace industry, due to its high out-of-plane strength and stiffness-to-weight ratio. However, the shaping of this type of structure represents a technical challenge for engineers and researchers in terms of premature wear of the cutting tool and the quality of the machined surface. The analysis of the parameters influencing the machinability of this type of structure is often based on empirical tests. However, the experimental procedure fails to visualize the mechanism of cut formation due to the high rotational speed of the cutting tool. Consequently, it is then necessary to use reliable numerical models to access instantaneous and much localized physical quantities. To this end, we have developed a 3D finite element model associated with real working conditions using the Abaqus/Explicit analysis software. Based on this model, an experimental validation was carried out by analyzing the appropriate behavior laws. Furthermore, the influence of the geometry of the cutting tool in terms of the number of teeth on the size of the chips, the cutting forces and the quality of the generated surface was analyzed. The results obtained show that the integrity of the cutting tool can be optimized and the quality of the machined surface can be improved.
Assessing the effect of age at sexual debut on HIV acquisition among Adolescents Girls and Young Women in Malawi: Evidence from Malawi Population-based HIV Impact Assessment
Authors: Moyo Reuben Christopher , Nyasulu Peter Suwilakwenda , Govindasamy Darshini
Published: November 2022

Background
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) constitute the highest proportion of all new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Age at sexual debut is one of the sexual behavior factors that predict HIV among AGYW. We aim to assess the effect of age at sexual debut on HIV acquisition among AGYW in Malawi using 2016 Malawi population-based HIV impact assessment (MPHIA).
Methods
We analyzed HIV data on 1,921 AGYW from the 2016 MPHIA. Associations between HIV infection and predictor variables were assessed using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The effect of age at sexual debut on HIV acquisition was assessed using binary logistic regression model with random adjustment of standard errors.
Results
The weighted HIV prevalence among AGYW was estimated at 4.7%. The prevalence was high for AGYW from southern region (7.8%) compared to the central (2.3%) and the northern region (2.1%). AGYW from urban areas had twice as much the prevalence of HIV compared to those from rural areas (9.1% versus 3.7% for urban and rural respectively). This study has identified 9 behavior and contextual factors that are associated with HIV infection among AGYW, and these are: region (p < 0.001), residence (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.008), age at first sex (p = 0.001), age at marriage (p0.0131), marital status (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.002), wealth quintile (p = 0.05) and partner at last sex (p < 0.001). AGYW who started sex before the age of 15 were more than two times (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.52–4.05) likely to be test HIV positive compared to those who started after the age of 15.
Conclusion
This study concludes that early sexual debut occurring before the age of 15 significantly predict HIV among AGYW in Malawi. To reduce their risk to acquiring HIV, such AGYW should be linked to HIV PreP services to minimize risk of HIV transmission.
Numerical investigation on diffusion length, suspending time, and forces acting on COVID-19 virus particles in an indoor environment
Authors: Dehaghi Mahdi Bagherian
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to study two-dimensional CFD simulations of the COVID-19 virus two-phase flow in steady air with the Euler-Lagrange method. This was accomplished by developing CFD programs in MATLAB and simulations in COMSOL software. Brownian, drag, Saffman, and weight forces are considered for studying the dynamics of virus flow. In order to study the motion of viruses, Brownian, drag forces, and the weight of viruses play an important role. In this study, three different diameters of virus particles were considered, with three different initial conditions and three different initial velocities. The diffusion length and suspending time of viruses in the air have been computed in each of the nine states.
Ketamine alleviates fear memory and spatial cognition deficits in PTSD rat model via BDNF signaling pathway of hippocampus and amygdala
Authors: Sun Lin , Niu JiaYao , Teng Yue , Liu Yang , Wang Han , Chen JinHong , Kong YuJia , Wang Ling , Lian Bo , Sun HongWei , Wang WeiWeng
Published: November 2022

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with traumatic stress experiences. This condition can be accompanied by learning and cognitive deficits, contributing to increased rates of disability in people with PTSD. Studies have shown that that ketamine can rapidly and significantly alleviate symptoms in patients with chronic PTSD. Nevertheless, the effects of ketamine on neurocognitive impairment and its mechanism of action in PTSD remain unclear. In this study, the gradient dose-related effects of ketamine (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) on spatial and fear memory were evaluated in a rat model of single prolonged stress and electric foot shock (SPS&S). Expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus (HIP) and amygdala (AMG) were determined by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR assays. The data showed that rats subjected to SPS&S exhibited significant PTSD-like cognitive impairment.The effect of ketamine on SPS&S-induced neurocognitive function showed a U-shaped dose effect in rats. A single administration of ketamine at a dosage of 10 ~ 15mg/kg resulted in significant changes in behavioral outcomes. And these improvements in cognitive function and molecular changes were reversed at high doses (15 ~ 20mg/kg). Overall, Ketamine reversed SPS&S-induced fearand spatial memory impairment and down-regulation of BDNF and BDNF-related PSD-95 signaling in the HIP and AMG. And the dose of 15 mg/kg reversed behavioral and molecular changes rapidly, and promoted the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction. The enhanced association of BDNF signaling with PSD-95 influences could participate in the therapeutic efficiency of ketamine for PTSD.
Selective targeting of lectins and their macropinocytosis in urothelial tumours: translation from in vitro to ex vivo
Authors: Resnik Nataša , Višnjar Tanja , Smrkolj Tomaž , Kreft Mateja Erdani , Romih Rok , Zupančič Daša
Published: November 2022

Urinary bladder cancer can be treated by intravesical application of therapeutic agents, but the specific targeting of cancer urothelial cells and the endocytotic pathways of the agents are not known. During carcinogenesis, the superficial urothelial cells exhibit changes in sugar residues on the apical plasma membranes. This can be exploited for selective targeting from the luminal side of the bladder. Here we show that the plant lectins Jacalin (from Artocarpus integrifolia), ACA (from Amaranthus caudatus) and DSA (from Datura stramonium) selectively bind to the apical plasma membrane of low-grade (RT4) and high-grade (T24) cancer urothelial cells in vitro and urothelial tumours ex vivo. The amount of lectin binding was significantly different between RT4 and T24 cells. Endocytosis of lectins was observed only in cancer urothelial cells and not in normal urothelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed macropinosomes, endosome-like vesicles and multivesicular bodies filled with lectins in RT4 and T24 cells and also in cells of urothelial tumours ex vivo. Endocytosis of Jacalin and ACA in cancer cells was decreased in vitro after addition of inhibitor of macropinocytosis 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) and increased after stimulation of macropinocytosis with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Clathrin, caveolin and flotillin did not colocalise with lectins. These results confirm that the predominant mechanism of lectin endocytosis in cancer urothelial cells is macropinocytosis. Therefore, we propose that lectins in combination with conjugated therapeutic agents are promising tools for improved intravesical therapy by targeting cancer cells.
Clinical and oncological outcomes of transanal total mesorectal excision considering the embryology along the fascia in rectal cancer patients: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Yoshimitsu Kohei , Mori Shinichiro , Tanabe Kan , Wada Masumi , Hokonohara Kentaro , Hamada Yuki , Yasudome Ryutaro , Kurahara Hiroshi , Arigami Takaaki , Sasaki Ken , Matsushita Daisuke , Shimonosono Masaki , Koriyama Chihaya , Higashi Michiyo , Nakajo Akihiro , Ohtsuka Takao
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) remains a challenging technique for rectal dissection. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and oncological outcomes of TaTME, compared to those of the laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) in rectal cancer.
Methods
Using propensity score-matched analyses, we analyzed retrospective data from 134 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent TaTME or LaTME from January 2011 to June 2020 in our hospital. Clinical and oncological outcomes were evaluated. The primary endpoint was the 2-year local recurrence rate.
Results
Before data analysis, significant group-dependent differences were observed only in the tumor height (p < 0.01). After analysis, preoperative patients’ demographics were similar between the TaTME and LaTME-defined groups. The operative time was significantly shorter in the TaTME group (p = 0.02), and the rates of hand-sewn anastomosis and protective loop ileostomy were significantly higher(p < 0.01). TaTME showed a 29% overall morbidity rate and LaTME 44%. Furthermore, the rate of Clavien–Dindo grade III tended to be lower in the TaTME group (p = 0.07). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of pathological findings, and the 2-year local recurrence rate was similar between the two groups (both 5.9%)
Conclusions
TaTME based on embryology along the fascia is feasible and seems a safe alternative to LaTME in selected patients with rectal cancer when considering the conversion rate and the operative time.
Effect of Mammalian Sex Hormones on Wheat Mature Embryo Culture
Authors: Otaran Esra , Çağlar Özcan , Haliloğlu Kamil , Bulut Sancar , Erayman Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Mammalian sex hormones (MSHs) are synthesized by various plant species and known play critical roles in growth, development, and reproduction. External and endogenous use of MSHs resulted in different response in different plant species. However, effects of different MSHs with concentrations on different wheat genetic backgrounds have not been studied in vitro. Therefore, three wheat cultivars (cvs. Palandöken 97, Nenehatun, Kırik) and four MSHs (17 β-estradiol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) with three concentrations of 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 mM were used to investigate callus formation and embryonic callus formation rates as well as number of regenerated plants. Our results showed that wheat genotypes were significantly influenced by the type of MSH and its concentration. In addition, effect of hormones may vary with respect to growth or development of cells or plants. The highest callus formation rate was obtained on cv. Palandöken 97 with 10-4 mM testosterone hormone. Embryogenic callus formation rate with respect to number of explants was the highest on Palandöken 97 in 17β-estradiol with 10 -4 mM while embryogenic callus formation rate with respect to number of calli was the highest on cv. Kırik in progesterone and 10-4 mM concentration. On the other hand, the highest regenerated plants were observed on cv. Palandöken 97 in 10-6 mM 17β-estradiol and 10-6 Mm progesterone. Such contrasting results may indicate the potential utilization of suitable wheat genotypes, MSHs and doses in wheat tissue culture which is a prerequisite in wheat transformation experiments.
Cross-lagged Analysis of Problematic Social Media Use and Phubbing Among College Students
Authors: Lv Shuai , Wang Hui
Published: November 2022

Background
Phubbing is a commonly-seen phenomenon that has emerged in recent years among groups of college students, posing a rising challenge to educators. We conduct a research in which reciprocal relationship between problematic social media use and phubbing is explored and analyzed quantitatively, aiming at discovering reliable theoretical support to work out an appropriate intervention on students’ phubbing for students’ mental health concerns.
Methods
Using the Problematic Social Media Use Scale (PSMUS) and the Phubbing Scale (PS), 328 college students from four universities in Shandong province were enrolled in a two-stage longitudinal follow-up study for 20 months from December 2019 to August 2021. A cross-lagged model was constructed to explore the reciprocal relationship between problematic social media use and phubbing. The results of correlation analysis showed that problematic social media use was positive correlated with phubbing at both time points(r = 0.51, 0.53, P < 0.01);
Results
The results of cross-lag regression analysis showed that, the predictive effect of pretest problematic social media use on posttest problematic social media use was statistically significant(β = 0.24,P < 0.01), there was statistical significance in the prediction effect of pretest phubbing on posttest phubbing (β = 0.16,P < 0.05), pretest problematic social media use had statistical significance in predicting posttest phubbing (β = 0.22,P < 0.01), there was no statistical significance in the prediction of pretest phubbing on posttest problematic social media (β = 0.16,P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Problematic social media use of college students is closely related to phubbing, and problematic social media use can predict phubbing.
DU-Net-Cloud: A Smart Cloud-Edge Application with an Attention Mechanism and U-Net for Remote Sensing Images and Processing
Authors: Kong Jiayuan , Zhang Yanjun
Published: November 2022

In recent ages, the use of deep learning approaches to extract ground object information from remote sensing high-resolution images has attracted extensive attention in many fields. Nevertheless, due to the high similarity of features between roads, prevailing deep learning semantic segmentation networks commonly demonstrate reduced continuity in road segmentation. In order to better study the road details in images related to remote sensing, this paper suggests a road extraction technique which is founded on Dimensional U-Net (DU-Net) network. At the deepening level of U-Net network, a parallel attention mechanism, known as ProCBAM, is added and implemented to the feature transmission step of the U-Net network. Moreover, we use the edge-cloud architecture to develop and construct a unique remote sensing image service system that integrates several datacenters and their related edge infrastructure. The edge network is primarily used for caching and distributing the processed remote sensing images, while the remote datacenter serves as the cloud platform and is responsible for the storage and processing of original remote sensing images. The results show that DU-Net has good performance in road segmentation and can achieve improved road segmentation and resolve the issue of reduced continuity of road segmentation when compared with other state-of-the-art learning networks. We observed that the proposed system not only distributes the workload of processing tasks across the edges but also achieves data efficiency among them, which enhances image processing efficiency and lowers data transmission costs.
Importance of coastal vegetated habitats for tropical marine fishes in the Red Sea
Authors: Dunne Aislinn , Coker Darren J , Kattan Alexander , Tietbohl Matthew D , Ellis Joanne I , Jones Burton , Berumen Michael
Published: November 2022

Marine vegetated habitats such as seagrass, mangroves, and macroalgae are common in tropical coastlines globally, providing habitats for a diversity of organisms. Many tropical fish use these habitats, including juvenile fish and species found on coral reefs. Understanding the use of these habitats by different fish species and life stages is fundamental to spatial planning, fisheries management, and conservation. While previous studies have focused on the habitat potential of seagrass, macroalgae, or mangroves for coral reef fish independently, it is important to consider their combined roles, as tropical seascapes are often mosaics of such habitats. In this study, we evaluated habitat associations across life stages for fish species in coral reefs, seagrasses, macroalgae, and mangroves in Saudi Arabia’s central Red Sea. Through in situ visual surveys, we documented 36% of local coral reef fish species in one or more vegetated habitats, with the fraction of coral reef species utilizing macroalgae or seagrass much greater than that of mangroves (29%, 18%, and 6%, respectively). Mangroves hosted mainly juvenile fish (83% of observed population) and macroalgae hosted the largest proportion of herbivores (39% of observed population), suggesting that each environment offers different combinations of resources (food and shelter), and a mix of these habitats could support biological connectivity across a seascape. Species targeted by local fisheries made up 37% of the species documented in vegetated habitats. The use of multiple habitat types by juvenile and commercially important fishes in the Red Sea underscores the need for a holistic approach to habitat protection.
Amelioration of white matter injury through mitigating ferroptosis following hepcidin treatment after spinal cord injury
Authors: Hu Shengli , Shi Jiantao , Xue Xingshen , Yuan Linbo , He Guangjian , Jiang Zhouyang , Wang Long , Zhang Jiali , su Hong , Xian Jishu , Fu Chuhua
Published: November 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually introduces permanent or long-lasting neurological impairments. Maintaining the integrity of limited number of white matter bundles (5–10%) preserves wholly or partially locomotor following SCI. Considering that the basic structure of white matter bundles is axon wrapped by oligodendrocytes, promoting oligodendrocytes survival might be a feasible strategy for reducing white matter injury (WMI) after SCI. Oligodendrocytes are rich in unsaturated fatty acid, and susceptible to ferroptosis-induced damage. Hence, exploring method to reduce ferroptosis is supposed to expedite oligodendrocytes survival, thereafter mitigating WMI to facilitate functional recovery post-SCI. Here, the results indicated the administration of hepcidin reduced iron accumulation to promote oligodendrocytes survival and to decrease spinal cord atrophy, thereafter facilitating functional recovery. Then, the WMI was evidently decreased due to attenuating ferroptosis. Subsequently, the results uncovered that the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) was expressed in CC1+ cells. The expression level of DMT1 and TfR1 was significantly increased, while this phenomenon was obviously neutralized with the administration of hepcidin in the epicenter of spinal cord after SCI. Afterward, the application of hepcidin downregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, which was evidently increased with the treatment of 20 µM FeCl3, thereafter increasing cell viability and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity through downregulating the expression of DMT1 and TfR1 to inhibit ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The present study provides evidence that the application of hepcidin expedites oligodendrocytes survival to alleviate WMI via minimizing the expression of DMT1 and TfR1.