bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Being suspicious in the workplace: the role of suspicion and negative views of others in the workplace in the perception of abusive supervision
Authors: Schyns Birgit
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Research reported in this manuscript focuses on the relationship between trait suspicion and the perception of abusive supervision. Based on previous research, the authors assume that suspicion is positively related to the perception of abusive supervision. The role implicit theories play in this relationship is examined.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies are presented to examine the relationship between trait suspicion and the perception of abusive supervision as moderated by implicit leadership theories. The first study is a survey study, and the second study is an experimental vignette study.

Findings

Results of both studies indicate that suspicion is positively related to the perception of abusive supervision and that implicit leadership theories moderate the relationship between suspicion and the perception of abusive supervision.

Research limitations/implications

Results are interpreted in terms of biases in leadership perception as well as the reversing-the-lens perspective.

Originality/value

While there is progress in taking into account follower characteristics and the resulting perceptual biases in the study of constructive leadership phenomena such as transformational leadership, less is know about the follower perception aspect of destructive leadership phenomena. With this research, the authors extend research into the influence of follower characteristics on the perception of abusive supervision and also look at boundary conditions of this relationship by including implicit leadership theories as a moderator.
Sense of calling, job crafting, spiritual leadership and work meaningfulness: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Chang Po-Chien , Xiaoxiao Gao , Wu Ting
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sense of calling and work meaningfulness with job crafting as a mediator and spiritual leadership as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a three-wave procedure, data were collected from 333 participants across industries from Guangdong province, China.

Findings

Results indicate that job crafting partially mediates the relationship between employee sense of calling and work meaningfulness. Moreover, the positive relationship between job crafting and work meaningfulness is more significant when spiritual leadership is high than when it is low. Additionally, spiritual leadership moderates the indirect relationship of sense of calling and work meaningfulness through job crafting such that the indirect effect of sense of calling is stronger when spiritual leadership is high than when it is low.

Originality/value

Based on self-determination theory, this study adds to current literatures examining the importance of sense of calling on a person's career and explores the boundary conditions, which bring desirable outcomes.
How environmental awareness and corporate social responsibility practices benefit the enterprise? An empirical study in the context of emerging economy
Authors: Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Yu Zhang , Umar Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The study explores the linkage between environmental awareness, green practices, firm reputation and performance. Undeniably, very few studies have been conducted on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its effect on firms' performance.

Design/methodology/approach

In the current study, the data are collected from 404 firms located in Pakistan, and structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed to validate hypotheses.

Findings

The results show that green practices are statistically significant to build a positive image of firms; also, these practices enhance firm performance. Furthermore, the results also confirmed that CSR practice “indirect support to the community” has an insignificant relationship with firm reputation due to mismanagement and corruption involvement on governmental levels.

Research limitations/implications

This study suggests that the firms' management should spend money on CSR activities and concentrate on proper monitoring of CSR activities to utilize funds efficiently. The research is conducted in Pakistan's context, while future studies need to be conducted in other emerging economies to investigate the linkage between CSR, firm reputation and performance.

Originality/value

According to the researcher's best knowledge, very few studies have been conducted regarding the relationship between environmental awareness, green practices, firm reputation and performance in emerging economies like Pakistan.
Is the choice of less-polluting modes of transport for non-work purposes affected by socio-demographic factors? Evidence from India
Authors: Saigal Taru , Vaish Arun Kr. , Rao N.V. Muralidhar
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Using survey data of a developing country city, this study aims to examine the impact of different socio-demographic factors on the choice of less-polluting modes of transport for purposes other than work.

Design/methodology/approach

Stratified random sampling technique is employed and data on socio-demographic characteristics and mode of transport used is collected. Descriptive statistics complemented with a logit model of choice probabilities is implemented on the data obtained.

Findings

Majority of the population in the city uses motorized means of transportation irrespective of the socio-demographic changes existing among them. Women, the individuals belonging to the youngest age group, the least economically well-off group of people, the least educated and the non-working are the individuals more likely to use more of less-polluting modes and less of more-polluting modes for non-work purposes as compared to their counterparts.

Research limitations/implications

The study also calls for the development of an efficient and secured system of public transportation and non-motorized transportation in the city in such a way so as to neither hamper the goal of sustainability nor the goal of empowerment.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time a comprehensive analysis of the influence of socio-demographic factors on choice of type of mode of transport is carried out in this region of the developing world. This analysis will facilitate the policy makers in catering to the transportation needs of different segments of the society.
Contrasted media frames of AI during the COVID-19 pandemic: a content analysis of US and European newspapers
Authors: Duberry Jerome , Hamidi Sabrya
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Despite the growing interest in AI, the scientific literature lacks multinational studies that examine how mainstream media depict AI applications. This paper is one of the first empirical studies to explore how French and English-speaking mainstream media portray AI during a pandemic. The purpose of this study is to examine how media define AI and how they frame this technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors selected five media outlets and extracted all news articles that mentioned AI over a period of 30 days. The authors constituted the sample to ensure a mix of global, national and local media newspapers. The authors included Le Temps (Switzerland), Le Monde (France), The Guardian (United Kingdom), Politico Europe (Europe) and the New York Times (USA). The authors used the NexisUni database to collect the news articles. This resulted in a sample of 54 articles, which the authors then refined to 35 articles mentioning at the same AI and COVID-19. They then manually coded to identify media frames about AI.

Findings

Although no news article provides a definition of AI, most articles highlight two main characteristics: information processing and adaptability. This paper also shows that the coverage of AI in US newspaper is more optimistic than pessimistic. European newspapers offer a more balanced perspective of the risks and benefits associated with the technology, and highlight its use mainly in the context of the COVID-19. Media framing changes according to the evolution of the pandemic. While the USA were not yet heavily affected by the virus, Europe experienced the peak of the crisis. The authors argue that the framing of AI follows that of the pandemic.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited in terms of timeframe (30 days) and media outlets (5). It would be useful to extend this sample to verify the results, and also conduct interviews among journalists to understand their motivations and understanding of AI.

Originality/value

Despite the growing interest in AI, the scientific literature lacks multinational studies that examine how mainstream media depict AI applications in society. This paper is one of the first empirical studies to explore how French and English-speaking mainstream media portray AI during a pandemic.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-09-2020-0393
Strategic issues of big data analytics applications for managing health-care sector: a systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Singh Rajesh Kumar , Agrawal Saurabh , Sahu Abhishek , Kazancoglu Yigit
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The proposed article is aimed at exploring the opportunities, challenges and possible outcomes of incorporating big data analytics (BDA) into health-care sector. The purpose of this study is to find the research gaps in the literature and to investigate the scope of incorporating new strategies in the health-care sector for increasing the efficiency of the system.

Design/methodology/approach

Fora state-of-the-art literature review, a systematic literature review has been carried out to find out research gaps in the field of healthcare using big data (BD) applications. A detailed research methodology including material collection, descriptive analysis and categorization is utilized to carry out the literature review.

Findings

BD analysis is rapidly being adopted in health-care sector for utilizing precious information available in terms of BD. However, it puts forth certain challenges that need to be focused upon. The article identifies and explains the challenges thoroughly.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed study will provide useful guidance to the health-care sector professionals for managing health-care system. It will help academicians and physicians for evaluating, improving and benchmarking the health-care strategies through BDA in the health-care sector. One of the limitations of the study is that it is based on literature review and more in-depth studies may be carried out for the generalization of results.

Originality/value

There are certain effective tools available in the market today that are currently being used by both small and large businesses and corporations. One of them is BD, which may be very useful for health-care sector. A comprehensive literature review is carried out for research papers published between 1974 and 2021.
Millennials’ support for tourism development: the effect of market orientation by governments
Authors: Parra-Lopez Eduardo , Martínez-Gonzalez Jose Alberto , Barrientos-Báez Almudena
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of local government market orientation as perceived by Millennials on their intention to support tourism development.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey administered to a sample of 418 Millennials was designed for descriptive and causal data analyses.

Findings

The results show that Millennials’ intention to support tourism is high and depends on perceived market orientation. In the proposed model, market orientation by local government directly predicts perceived benefits and attitudes, and indirectly, the intention to support. Economic benefits are not the only relevant benefits to Millennials.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this work is related to the selection and combination of the internal and external variables included in the proposed model, given the great diversity of variables in the literature in this field.

Practical implications

This study allows us to predict and encourage Millennials’ intention to support tourism development through very few variables. This study is of theoretical and practical interest to local government, tourism firms, educators and researchers. These entities can, thus, encourage the support process collaboratively among Millennials.

Originality/value

This predictive study of Millennials’ intention to support includes variables that have not been previously studied together. Through market orientation by local government, the organizational world and young consumers are connected. The generational approach adopted allows the use of global actions to encourage Millennials’ support.
Cost‐efficacy and pharmacoeconomics of scalp lesions of psoriatic patients in current Japanese health‐care insurance system
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Satoh Katsuhiko , Takagi Akiyoshi , Iizuka Hajime
Published: April 2021

Psoriatic scalp lesion is occasionally recalcitrant to topical or systemic treatments including biologic agents. The combined active vitamin D3/corticosteroids are more expensive despite their marked efficacy. The aim of the present study is to evaluate total costs as well as costs versus efficacy of topical scalp psoriasis treatments under the current Japanese health‐care insurance system. A prospective study was performed from the database of an outpatient clinic. The medical costs of scalp psoriasis patients were evaluated in a prospective manner in each case over a total 12‐month duration from July 2017 until August 2019. The total cost of the combined active vitamin D3/corticosteroid gel (combined gel) was higher (¥79 350) than that of topical corticosteroid lotion (¥22 970). The cost versus efficacy of the combined gel was lower (¥2026/cost for the reduction of 1 Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index [1PSSI] score) than that of topical corticosteroid lotion (¥2316/1PSSI). The reduction of PSSI score was observed by changing from topical corticosteroid lotion to topical combined gel. The combined gel showed the best cost efficacy in terms of medical economic burden in the current Japanese insurance system.
Steering the soil microbiome by repeated litter addition
Authors: Veen G. F. (Ciska) , ten Hooven Freddy C. , Weser Carolin , Hannula S. Emilia
Published: April 2021

Microbial communities drive plant litter breakdown. Litters originating from different plant species are often associated with specialised microbiomes that accelerate the breakdown of that litter, known as home‐field advantage. Yet, how and how fast microbial communities specialise towards litter inputs is not known.

Here we study effects of repeated litter additions on soil microbial community structure and functioning. We set up a 9‐month, full‐factorial, reciprocal litter transplant experiment with soils and litters from six plant species (three grasses and three trees). We measured fungal and bacterial community composition, litter mass loss and home‐field effects.

We found that repeated litter additions resulted in convergence in fungal community composition driven by litter functional group (trees vs. grasses). Grasses enriched Sordariomycetes, while Tremellomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes were favoured by tree litter. Bacterial community composition, litter mass loss and home‐field effects were not affected by litter incubation, but there was a relationship between fungal community composition and mass loss.

We conclude that repeated litter incubations can result in directional shifts in fungal community composition, while 9 months of litter addition did not change bacterial community composition and the functioning and specialisation of microbial communities.

Testing further how repeated litter inputs affect microbial functioning is essential for steering decomposer communities for optimal soil carbon and nutrient cycling.
A synthesis of local adaptation to climate through reciprocal common gardens
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. , Hierro José L
Published: April 2021

Contrasts of differences within plant species and ecotypes are often best examined in ecology, evolution and genetics through provenance and biogeographical comparisons. Climate adaptation studies in plants are no exception and benefit from experiments that use these sets of factors.

Reciprocal common gardens are a tool used to test for local adaptation in species to different contexts including climate.

A synthesis of common gardens and intraspecific tests for climate adaptation was used to compile over 200 studies that explored the relative efficacy of this tool and the ecology of change. Exclusion criteria were applied to review this literature and to compile specific tests that explicitly examined climate, plants and reciprocity in gardens for a total of 70 independent instances.

A meta‐analysis was used to test for consistency and significance of detecting ecotypes for the different categories of traits tested and by the transplanting of seeds or seedlings.

This meta‐analysis provides clear evidence for plant adaptation to climate change because all significant effect size estimates were positive, relatively large, and both seed and seedling transplants demonstrated consistent evidence for local adaptation. Emergence and germination responses from seed transplant experiments and relative growth and biomass differences from seedling transplants provided particularly strong support.

Synthesis. Reciprocal common gardens were a highly effective experimental design to test for ecotypic differentiation and for climate adaptation. Nonetheless, we propose that future studies clearly define whether ecotypes are being explicitly tested in common garden experiments to enable evidence syntheses and discovery, and we highlight the need for reciprocal climatic gardens to clearly test for continued capacity for local adaptation in response to divergent climate selection processes in many plant species.
Reversible bronchial dilatation in adults
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Sijiao , Shao Changzhou
Published: April 2021

Bronchiectasis is characterized by the destruction of bronchial wall and persistent irreversible bronchiectasis due to respiratory infection and bronchial obstruction. Reversible bronchiectasis is rarely reported in adults. The study aims to evaluate dynamic changes in chest computed tomography (CT) findings and relevant factors affecting improvement or reversal of bronchiectasis. A total of 239 patients with bronchiectasis admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. 23 patients (group A) with bronchiectasis reversion or improvement confirmed by chest CT were matched with patients in group B according to gender and age (difference <5 years). 23 patients (group B) with bronchiectasis progression or no obvious improvement confirmed by chest CT were selected from the remaining patients. The clinical features and imaging findings of the two groups were compared. The duration of disease in group A was less than that in group B, and the stable period was longer (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other clinical features between the two groups. In contrast to the traditional concept of "Bronchiectasis", our results suggested that some adult bronchiectasis can be improved and completely radiologically reversed.
Job insecurity, work‐induced mental health deprivation, and timely completion of work tasks
Authors: Haq Inam Ul , De Clercq Dirk , Azeem Muhammad Umer
Published: April 2021

To unpack the relationship between employees’ job insecurity and their timely completion of work tasks, this study proposes a mediating role of beliefs about work‐induced mental health deprivation and a moderating role of religious faith. Three‐wave survey data from Pakistan‐based workers and supervisors in the banking industry indicate a critical reason that an unstable job situation diminishes the chances that employees finish work activities on time: their convictions that the employer compromises their mental health. Religious faith mitigates this harmful effect, through diminished work‐induced mental health deprivation, such that the impact on work activities is weaker among employees who can draw from their religious beliefs. For human resource managers, this study highlights a salient risk for employees who worry about their future in the organization and make the situation worse by failing to meet deadlines; it also reveals some options to mitigate this risk by leveraging employees’ pertinent personal resources.
Long‐ and short‐read metabarcoding technologies reveal similar spatiotemporal structures in fungal communities
Authors: Furneaux Brendan , Bahram Mohammad , Rosling Anna , Yorou Nourou S. , Ryberg Martin
Published: April 2021

Fungi form diverse communities and play essential roles in many terrestrial ecosystems, yet there are methodological challenges in taxonomic and phylogenetic placement of fungi from environmental sequences. To address such challenges, we investigated spatiotemporal structure of a fungal community using soil metabarcoding with four different sequencing strategies: short‐amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 region (300–400 bp) with Illumina MiSeq, Ion Torrent Ion S5 and PacBio RS II, all from the same PCR library, as well as long‐amplicon sequencing of the full ITS and partial LSU regions (1200–1600 bp) with PacBio RS II. Resulting community structure and diversity depended more on statistical method than sequencing technology. The use of long‐amplicon sequencing enables construction of a phylogenetic tree from metabarcoding reads, which facilitates taxonomic identification of sequences. However, long reads present issues for denoising algorithms in diverse communities. We present a solution that splits the reads into shorter homologous regions prior to denoising, and then reconstructs the full denoised reads. In the choice between short and long amplicons, we suggest a hybrid approach using short amplicons for sampling breadth and depth, and long amplicons to characterize the local species pool for improved identification and phylogenetic analyses.
Handling benign interlobar lymphadenopathy during thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , Forte Stefano , Natale Giovanni , Santini Mario , Fang Wentao
Published: April 2021

The presence of calcified or inflammatory lymph nodes between the target bronchus and pulmonary artery is a huge challenge when performing thoracoscopic lobectomy as it may frequently result in tearing of the vessel, and massive bleeding. Herein, we describe a simple strategy in which thoracoscopic lobectomy was safely completed in similar cases. After fissure dissection, the target pulmonary artery was exposed by more than two‐thirds of its circumference. A needle was passed across the nodes and the target vessel was closed with a proximal and distal suture. After dissection of lymphadenopathies, the target bronchus was exposed, and stapled. This strategy was applied with success to complete right lower lobectomies for cancer in three patients. No complications occurred during the operation. Only one patient had persistent air leaks that spontaneously ceased 11 days later. Final pathology showed pN0 disease in all cases.
Primary pulmonary Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking rheumatoid arthritis‐associated organizing pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Sun Kunyan , Yu Qing , Zhou Jiaxin , Zhang Hong , Gao Li , Nong Lin , Wang Mangju , Que Chengli
Published: April 2021

Primary pulmonary Hodgkin's lymphoma (PPHL) is an extremely rare disease. The nonspecific clinical and radiological features render the diagnosis a great challenge. Here, we present a case of PPHL mimicking rheumatoid arthritis‐associated organizing pneumonia.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma caused by cancerization from a ciliated multinodular papilloma tumor: A case report
Authors: Chen Feng , Ren Fan , Zhao Honglin , Xu Xiaoqian , Chen Jun
Published: April 2021

Ciliated multinodular papilloma tumor (CMPT), a subtype of proximal bronchiolar adenoma (BA), is a rare mucin‐producing papillary tumor arising in the peripheral lung. The nature of CMPT is so far controversial. The hypothesis that CMPT is a precancerous lesion that can lead to mucinous adenocarcinoma requires further research. A 61‐year‐old man with a ground‐glass opacity (GGO) suspected to be lung adenocarcinoma in the right lower lobe of his lung underwent surgical treatment. Postoperative pathology suggested that the patient had mucinous adenocarcinoma caused by cancerization from CMPT. Targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was utilized to detect driver mutations in tumor DNA. Among the identified mutated genes, there were regrettably no high frequency mutations. This report describes a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma caused by cancerization from CMPT, indicating that CMPT may be a neoplasm rather than a metaplastic process and provides histological evidence for the hypothesis that CMPT is a precancerous lesion of mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Negative emotion and problematic mobile phone use: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of social support
Authors: Gao Lingfeng , Yang Chen , Yang Xiujuan , Chu Xiaowei , Liu Qingqi , Zhou Zongkui
Published: April 2021

The phenomenon of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has been incredibly increasing, especially in Asian countries. Prior studies have argued that negative emotion is linked to PMPU. Based on the cognitive‐behavioural model of pathological Internet use and the buffering model of social support, our purpose is to identify the nuanced mediators of the rumination subtypes (i.e., reflection and brooding) and examine the moderator of social support in the relation between negative emotion and PMPU. A sample of 1,014 college students was recruited to complete the scales of PMPU, depression, anxiety, rumination (i.e., reflection and brooding), and social support. Results showed that (a) reflection did not mediate a link between negative emotion and PMPU whereas brooding partially mediated the link, and (b) both the direct association between negative emotion and PMPU and the mediated effect of brooding were moderated by social support, and they were stronger when social support was low rather than high. The study distinguishes the mediated effect of rumination subtypes and incorporates social factor in the relationship between negative emotion and PMPU, which deepens our understanding of how and when negative emotion relates to PMPU.
Immune metabolism in allergies, does it matter?—A review of immune metabolic basics and adaptations associated with the activation of innate immune cells in allergy
Authors: Goretzki Alexandra , Lin Yen‐Ju , Schülke Stefan
Published: April 2021

Type I allergies are pathological, type 2 inflammatory immune responses against otherwise harmless environmental allergens that arise from complex interactions between different types of immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo extensive changes in phenotype and function to fulfill their effector functions. Hereby, activation, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and mounting of effector responses require metabolic reprogramming. While the metabolic changes associated with activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells are extensively studied, data about the metabolic phenotypes of the other cell types critically involved in allergic responses (epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and ILC2s) are rather limited. This review briefly covers the basics of cellular energy metabolism and its connection to immune cell function. In addition, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in terms of dendritic cell and macrophage metabolism and subsequently focuses on the metabolic changes associated with activation of epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, as well as ILC2s in allergy. Interestingly, the innate key cell types in allergic inflammation were reported to change their metabolic phenotype during activation, shifting to either glycolysis (epithelial cells, M1 macrophages, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, acutely activated mast cells), oxidative phosphorylation (M2 macrophages, longer term activated mast cells), or fatty acid oxidation (ILC2s). Therefore, immune metabolism is of relevance in allergic diseases and its connection to immune cell effector function needs to be considered to better understand induction and maintenance of allergic responses. Further progress in this field will likely improve both our understanding of disease pathology and enable new treatment targets/strategies.
Gramsci in China: Past, Present, and Future of a Still Open Encounter
Authors: Caterina Daniela
Published: April 2021

Assessments of the nature and trajectory of China’s political economy polarise into a highly controversial debate. The present paper aims to introduce Antonio Gramsci as a powerful ally in making sense of the specificities of the Chinese case by shedding light on thepast,present, andfutureof the Gramsci‐China encounter. Starting from an in‐depth assessment of the reception of Gramsci’s textual legacy in Mainland China and of the main related problems, the paper promotes a philologically sound, diachronic approach to the potential of a Gramscian perspective in analysing China’s peculiar trajectory, such as the ability to focus on: (1) the constructed nature of Chinese hegemony; (2) the terrain of China’s integral state; (3) adopted strategies of passive revolution; (4) the materiality of Chinese hegemony; (5) its processual and contested nature across different times and scales; as well as (6) key links between intellectuals and the production of common sense.
When a rare condition creates a scientific society: The history of the International Society for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (IS‐PAS)
Authors: Chantraine Frederic , Stefanovic Vedran , Braun Thorsten , Calda Pavel , Martinelli Pasquale , Collins Sally L. ,   the IS‐PAS group
Published: April 2021

Almost 10 years ago, clinicians at multiple locations all over Europe observed an increased number of antenatally undiagnosed cases of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) resulting in significant morbidity and the occasional maternal death. Even with an improvement in antenatal imaging, the management of severe PAS remains challenging. One solution to improve understanding in rare but potentially lethal conditions is international collaboration. Consequently, a European working group was formed, which over the next few years grew into an international society, the IS‐PAS. The collective goals are to develop a large shared database of cases, generate high‐quality research into all aspects of PAS, and improve education of both healthcare professionals and patients. The first results of this collaboration are presented within this supplement.
Pentraxin‐3 detected in human saliva shows limited correlation with biomarkers associated with systemic inflammation
Authors: Wetterö Jonas , Jönsson Frida , von Löhneysen Sarah , Kristenson Margareta , Garvin Peter , Sjöwall Christopher
Published: April 2021

Pentraxin‐3 (PTX3) is a conserved protein of the innate immune system which has been less studied than the pentraxin C‐reactive protein (CRP), but it is of relevance in, for example, vascular pathology and pregnancy morbidities. Since the interest in salivary biomarkers in general is increasing, we asked whether PTX3 could be detected in saliva and if any substantial diurnal variation occurs. In addition, we evaluated association with biomarkers of systemic inflammation (interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 and CRP), body mass index (BMI), smoking, and age. PTX3 in morning and evening saliva from 106 middle‐aged participants of the general population was investigated by ELISA and total protein levels by spectrophotometry. PTX3 was detectable in saliva, and concentrations varied over the day with higher morning concentrations, but the PTX3 relative protein levels (percentage of total protein) were significantly higher in the evening. Sex and age did not impact salivary PTX3, but smoking was associated with lower PTX3 levels. BMI correlated positively with PTX3 in evening saliva. There was no general association with biomarkers of systemic inflammation, except for IL‐6. Salivary PTX3 likely reflects the local inflammatory milieu, and adjustments for sampling time, smoking habits, and BMI are needed to adequately interpret PTX3 in saliva.
In defence of person‐affecting procreative beneficence
Authors: Magni Sergio Filippo
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with the proposal of a person‐affecting version of the principle of Procreative Beneficence. Such a principle has been stated by Savulescu & Kahane in an impersonal form and balanced with a person‐affecting principle of harm to address the moral problem of the selection of future children. The paper aims to show some differences between Person‐affecting Procreative Beneficence and Savulescu & Kahane’s hybrid position, and to distinguish the former from other pro‐selection perspectives. Moreover, it explores the extension of such a principle beyond selection to other issues of reproductive ethics.
Budget practices in Canada's K‐12 education sector: Incremental, performance, or productivity budgeting?
Authors: Ortynsky Stephanie , Marshall Jim , Mou Haizhen
Published: April 2021

This article reports on a first‐ever survey of budgeting practices regarding the public K‐12 education sector in Canada. We interviewed budget officers in 12 of the 13 Canadian provinces and territories. It finds that most jurisdictions construct budgets using incremental approaches and are not allowing for a potential of $5.4 billion in annual productivity gains. We discuss three budgeting approaches for governments to consider: incremental budgeting, performance‐based budgeting, and productivity budgeting. We argue for productivity budgeting because it improves cost‐efficiency, allows productivity gains to be captured at the centre, and is more feasible than performance‐based budgeting.
Employee perception of inclusivity and organizational performance: The case of the Ontario public service
Authors: Ohemeng Frank L. K. , McGrandle Jocelyn
Published: April 2021

Inclusion has moved to the forefront of human resource management in both public and private sector organizations around the world. A fractured research literature has arisen from a succession of diversity policies, contradictory findings, competing goals, contested definitions, and varying institutional factors and organizational cultures. This article seeks to examine the level of inclusion and the connection between inclusion and effort in the Ontario Public Service (OPS). Our findings show that increased feelings of inclusion are positively related with employee efforts in their job.
The roles and regulation of the KLF5 transcription factor in cancers
Authors: Luo Yao , Chen Ceshi
Published: April 2021

Krüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the KLF family. Recent studies have suggested that KLF5 regulates the expression of a large number of new target genes and participates in diverse cellular functions, such as stemness, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration. In response to multiple signaling pathways, various transcriptional modulation and posttranslational modifications affect the expression level and activity of KLF5. Several transgenic mouse models have revealed the physiological and pathological functions of KLF5 in different cancers. Studies of KLF5 will provide prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and potential drugs for cancers.
Preliminary evaluation of the Chinese version of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Xianjun , Xu Tong , Yuan Jing , Zhang Yuhai , Wan Yi , Jiang Xun , Shang Lei
Published: April 2021

Background

This study was conducted to develop a Chinese version of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ) and to evaluate its reliability and validity.

Methods

The Chinese version of the BEBQ was developed by translation and back‐translation of the original BEBQ, followed by revision according to experts on the most appropriate item content. Mothers of 300 infants aged <12 months were recruited for survey participation from the paediatric outpatient departments of two large general hospitals in Xi'an, China. Fifty of the mothers were selected randomly for retesting after 2 weeks. Face‐to‐face surveys included explanation of the process, administration of the Chinese version of the BEBQ with regard to the exclusive breast‐feeding period, and demographic data collection. The reliability, validity and discrimination of the questionnaire were evaluated through correlation coefficient calculation, factor analysis, parallel analysis and other methods.

Results

The Chinese version of the BEBQ consists of 15 items in four dimensions (food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, slowness in eating and satiety responsiveness). The cumulative variance contribution rate was 58.4%, the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.93, the Guttman split‐half reliability coefficient was 0.87 and the test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.75. The satiety responsiveness and food responsiveness scores differed significantly according to gestational age at birth, infant sex and average monthly weight gain (all P < 0.05). The enjoyment of food score differed significantly according to average monthly weight gain (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the BEBQ showed good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate infants' appetite through the assessment of eating behaviour.
More Than Growth Mindset: Individual and Interactive Links Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Adolescents’ Ability Mindsets, Metacognitive Skills, and Math Engagement
Authors: Wang Ming‐Te , Zepeda Cristina D. , Qin Xu , Del Toro Juan , Binning Kevin R.
Published: April 2021

This article used self‐regulated learning as a theoretical lens to examine the individual and interactive associations between a growth mindset and metacognition on math engagement for adolescent students from socioeconomically disadvantaged schools. Across three longitudinal studies with 207, 897, and 2,325 11‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents, students’ beliefs that intelligence is malleable and capable of growth over time only predicted higher math engagement among students possessing the metacognitive skills to reflect upon and be aware of their learning progress. The results suggest that metacognitive skills may be necessary for students to realize their growth mindset. Thus, growth mindsets and metacognitive skills should be promoted together to capitalize on the mutually reinforcing effects of each, especially among students in socioeconomically disadvantaged schools.
A clinical review and history of pubic lice
Authors: Patel P. U. , Tan A. , Levell N. J.
Published: April 2021

The ectoparasite Pthirus pubis (PtP), commonly known as the crab or pubic louse, has plagued primates from prehistoric apes to Homo sapiens. We combed the literature from antiquity to the present day, reviewing the pubic louse’s origins, its evolution with mankind, and its presentation and management. MEDLINE and EMBASE provided the greatest yield of literature compared with other databases. Estimates for PtP incidence range from 0.3% to 4.6% and for prevalence around 2% in adults. War, disasters and overcrowding support lice transmission, but modern pubic hair grooming has reduced the incidence of PtP in recent years. PtP, is usually found on pubic hair, but may infest scalp and body hair, eyebrows and eyelashes. Reports suggest the possibility of PtP as a vector for Bartonella spp. and Acinetobacter spp., which require further study. Transmission of PtP is via close contact, so sexual abuse and concomitant sexually transmitted infections should be considered. Symptoms and signs of infestation include pruritus, red papules and rust/brown deposits from feeding or faecal matter. Visualization of live lice confirms the diagnosis. Traditional treatments include hand-picking and combing, but in modern times pediculicidal products may generate faster resolution. Permethrin or pyrethrins are the first-line recommendations. Resistance to pediculicides is common with head lice and is presumed likely with PtP, although data are lacking. Pseudoresistance occurs as a result of poor compliance, incorrect or ineffective dosing, and reinfestation. In true resistance, a different pediculicide class should be used, e.g. second-line agents such as phenothrin, malathion or ivermectin. Lice have existed long before humans and given their adaptability, despite habitat challenges from fashion trends in body hair removal, are likely to continue to survive.
Utility of intraoperative frozen sections of thyroid tissue in the age of molecular testing
Authors: Marshall Ryan , Alexander David , Fleming Jason , Grayson Jessica , Peters Glenn , Buczek Erin
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Our study aims to examine the correlation between preoperative ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and intraoperative frozen section and examine the clinical benefit of frozen section in the context of the latest national guidelines on the management of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Study Design

A retrospective review of thyroid frozen section from 2012 to2017 at one institution.

Setting

Tertiary care centre.

Participants/Main Outcome

Patient demographics, fine‐needle aspiration results, molecular testing results, frozen section diagnosis (classified as benign, indeterminate, or malignant), final pathologic diagnosis, initial planned surgery, actual surgery performed, need for additional surgery and complications were recorded. Complications included hematoma formation, hypocalcaemia (requiring readmission, symptomatic, or >24‐hour stay post op) and recurrent or superior laryngeal nerve damage.

Results

728 total patients had an intraoperative frozen section performed. A Thy 4/Bethesda V USGFNA diagnosis (n = 55) significantly correlated with a clinically important intraoperative frozen section (n = 17, P < .01). Intraoperative management was changed by the frozen section 53 times (7.2%). Molecular testing was sent on 92 USGFNA specimens, 80 of which were deemed "suspicious." Of the 49 patients whose management was upstaged intraoperatively, 29 (59%) would not necessitate a completion thyroidectomy under the latest UK and ATA guidelines based on final pathology.

Conclusion

Intraoperative frozen sections rarely alter the pre‐surgical plan and indeed may result in expanded surgery that could have been avoided based on latest UK and US guidelines. Molecular testing of indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration results does not appear to predict meaningful intraoperative frozen section results.
Intended and unintended consequences of wolf restoration to Yellowstone and Isle Royale National Parks
Authors: Smith Douglas W. , Peterson Rolf O.
Published: April 2021

Wolves (Canis lupus), a once widely distributed species, were systematically removed from many temperate zone ecosystems due to conflicts with humans. A change in human attitudes and cultural norms has brought about a recovery in some suitable areas, yet reintroductions are still controversial. Two notable reintroduction areas in the United States were Yellowstone and Isle Royale National Parks. Both proposals caused polarization and debate. In Yellowstone opposition focused on outside the park effects, mainly wolves killing livestock and wild game also desired by human hunters. At Isle Royale, opposition was mostly about human interventions into nature and impairment of wilderness values contrary to the spirit of 1964 Wilderness Act. Both locations had periods in the 20th century with and without wolves and the presence of wolves had a dampening effect on ungulate population fluctuations. Most outcomes of reintroduction at Yellowstone were predicted as the Environmental Impact Statement written beforehand correctly predicted 78% of the 51 outcomes that were examined. Wolves were too recently reintroduced to Isle Royale to make similar comparisons, but we conclude that intervention is not contrary to the Wilderness Act, nor author Howard Zahniser's vision, partially because wolf reintroduction was a mitigation for human actions. Also, not intervening, or inaction, often perceived as safer, would have had more damaging impacts to ecosystem functioning.
Regional dynamics and the future of Middle East strategic alliance
Authors: Oztig Lacin Idil
Published: April 2021

Particularly after the Arab Spring protests, the Middle East has witnessed an escalation of regional rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia perpetuated by a Sunni‐Shiite divide that has manifested itself in political landscapes in Iraq, Bahrain, and proxy wars in Yemen and Syria. When US President Donald Trump visited Saudi Arabia in 2017, he recommended the establishment of the Middle East Strategic Alliance (MESA) that would act as a bulwark against Iran's regional ambitions. Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Jordan, and Egypt were designated as prospective MESA member states. This article discusses MESA by evaluating the dynamics that create a permissive environment for its establishment and numerous hurdles to the formation of a new security organization in the region.
Health, time, and space constraints: The drawn‐out story of Syrian transient itinerants seeking asylum in Greece
Authors: Cohen Ronen A. , Piñeiro F. Aitana
Published: April 2021

The effective provision of healthcare for asylum seekers is not only a concern for Syrians in Greece but also goes to the heart of European refugee policy. Through secondary data analysis, this article examines how underlying deficiencies in European asylum policies in Greece have translated into challenging life conditions and healthcare barriers for Syrian asylum claimants in Greece. While time and space have been two dimensions that directly constrain the lives of Syrian asylum seekers, the imbalance of care among different healthcare providers has also led to healthcare constraints. The imbalance of care arising from an abundance of uncoordinated functionaries managing the migrants’ healthcare has caused tensions and confusion in healthcare deployment. This article argues that it is more appropriate to refer to Syrian asylum seekers in Greece as Syrian transient itinerants seeking asylum. The aim of the new term is to make the invisible visible—that is, to highlight the fact that the protection of Syrian asylum seekers is not always fully guaranteed in Greece.
The real effects of banks' corporate credit supply: A literature review
Authors: Güler Ozan , Mariathasan Mike , Mulier Klaas , Okatan Nejat G.
Published: April 2021

In this article, we review the rapidly growing literature on the real effects of banks' corporate credit supply. We cover recent methodological advances and provide an in‐depth survey of the existing evidence. The literature consistently shows that credit supply contractions lead to adverse real outcomes, but economic magnitudes vary across samples and identification strategies. This variation has become smaller in more recent work, using highly granular data. We further document heterogeneity in firm outcomes and show that the evidence is more ambiguous for expansionary shocks. Our analysis allows us to identify current knowledge gaps and worthwhile avenues for future research.