bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suggestions from the perspective of behavioral economics for crime prevention policies for fraudulent crimes.
Authors:   Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute has, Hong Seung-Hee
Published: February 2023

Crime is not just punishable through punishment. Crime policy has already changed from a punitive nature in the past to a preventive nature today, and accordingly, policies to prevent crime should now be actively devised as a way to increase effectiveness from a long-term perspective. In recent years, both the national economy and the living economy have been chaotic, but looking back on the past history, there has been no time when it was not economically chaotic. Moreover, despite the unimaginably active increase in welfare policies in the past, it is not difficult to find the class still suffering from difficulties in survival, and the desire for goods is growing more than ever due to the growing wealth and wealth. Looking at the crime statistics of the past decade in this situation, the number of property crimes has increased remarkably among all crimes, especially among women and the elderly. In addition, it is possible to guess the dailyization of fraud crimes through the increase in small fraud cases, which shows that the trust effect on norms and the prevention effect through punishment are not effective.
At this point, it is now necessary to find a new criminal policy plan, and as a plan, it is proposed to try to combine the behavioral economic perspective that has recently spread like a trend in each field in criminal policy. The behavioral economics point of view is that humans do not make more rational choices than they think, and these limited rational choices cause various characteristics of humans (heuristics and biases), but these characteristics have inherent limitations and also have a great environmental impact. Accordingly, in recent behavioral economics, the idea of free compassion is being directed as a national policy program. This free-temperate program is now introduced in criminal policy, showing that it is necessary to avoid the state's heavy punishment and change the direction of making rational choices (standard compliance) for the people. A representative method for implementing free compassion is ‘nudge’, which seems to be very useful in preventing fraudulent crimes in particularly fraudulent crimes. This is because, unlike other accidental crimes and property crimes, fraud crimes have a relatively long time gap such as deception, error, and disposition of the accused, so there is time to switch to the standard practice of knowledge. From this, fraudulent crimes are a good target to increase the preventive effect of knowledge, and it is necessary to seek specific measures.
Big Data Taxation Issues
Authors:   Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute has, YOON HYUN SEOK
Published: February 2023

Big data is the generation and analysis of valuable data in large quantities with data, and has recently been developed through convergence with artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. Big data technology, in which a vast amount of data is collected and who can more elaborately analyze and utilize the collected data, has become an era that determines the competitiveness of a company or country. The economic value of big data is increasing day by day, and companies are generating profits by using big data not only in domestic transactions but also in international transactions. I wanted to study how to solve the problem of taxation on profits generated by big data.
As for the taxation of big data, it is important to understand the legal nature of big data, and it is connected to data, which is the root of big data. Therefore, we tried to understand the legal nature of big data through the legal nature of data. Currently, there is no legal concept for big data, but the legal concept of data has been established with the recent enactment of the Data Industry Act. The Data Industry Act stipulates activities related to production, distribution, transaction, and utilization of data and the data industry that provides these services in order to create economic added value. From the perspective of the Data Industry Act, big data can be included in the concept of data under the Data Industry Act or understood as the same concept.
The Data Industry Act recognizes that data has economic value, that is, data itself as an asset, but the tax law or corporate accounting standards do not clearly determine which asset is included in data. This can lead to problems with taxation of big data. Therefore, since data or big data is stated to have property under the Data Industry Act, it would be reasonable to regard data as intangible assets and goods by recognizing the nature set forth in the relevant laws in the tax law, and the tax base should be set according to that concept.
On the other hand, as the 4th industry develops, big data is expected to increase domestic and international transactions. In particular, since the taxation standards for big data are not clearly defined for each country, international transactions of big data will appear as a problem of tax jurisdiction due to deficiencies in tax laws in each country. In the current situation, tax law interprets data from the perspective of intangible assets, and international transactions of big data are also regarded as international transactions of intangible assets, so it seems that there is no choice but to be taxed.
On Compensation for Mental Damages of Pet Infringement-Interpretation and Application of Article 1183, Paragraph 2,of the Civil Code of the PRC
Authors:   Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute has, Yin Tai Shun , Xu Lin
Published: February 2023

중국 민법전 제1183조는 “자연인의 인신권익을 침해하여 심각한 정신적 손해를 조성한 경우 피침권자는 정신적 손해배상을 청구할 권리가 있다. 고의 또는 중대한 과실로 자연인의 인신적 의의가 있는 특정물을 침해하여 심각한 정신적 손해를 조성한 경우 피침권자는 정신적 손해배상을 청구할 권리가 있다”고 규정하고 있다. “인신적 의미가 있는 특정물”은 무엇을 의미하며 반려동물이 과연 그 인신적 의의가 있는 특정물의 범위에 귀속할 될수 있는지? 나아가 반려인은 타인의 반려동물 침해로 인한 정신신적손해배상를 청구할수 있는지? 인격화된 반려동물은 일정한 인격적 이익을 가지고 있어 반려인의 감정적 의탁의 대상이 되며 인격화된 반려동물을 침해하는 것은 본질적으로 재산적 이익과 인격적 이익의 두 가지 이질적인 이익을 침해하는 것이라고 볼수 있다. 정신적손해배상의 본질과 기능적 관점에서 인격화된 반려동물에 대한 침해행위는 반려인의 정신적, 정서적 이익이 훼손될 수 있음은 물론 인격물이론에 입각하여 민법전 제1183조 제2항의 규정은 반려동물 침해에 대한 정신적 손해배상의 법적 근거가 될수 있으며 정신적손해 배상청구의 적용에 타당성이 있다고 본다.
Analisa Pencarian Jalur Terbaik Pada Transportasi Laut Pengiriman Batubara Dengan Menerapkan Ant Colony Optimization Berbasis Website
Authors: Maulidina Astrid Diandra , Ikatrinasari Zulfa Fitri
Published: February 2023

The high level of national coal production is certainly directly proportional to the demand for coal shipments through sea transportation. Minimizing delays in coal shipments is the main focus that must be resolved to meet the satisfaction of customers, especially for coal shipments from North Kalimantan which reached 29% delay time. The purpose of this research is to be able to find out the value of optimization in choosing the best path in shipping coal through sea transportation and create website-based application designs.  This study uses quantitative research methods where calculations using ant colony optimization algorithms (ACO) based on secondary data with website-based MATLAB GUI tools.  That way, this research is expected to provide recommendations for marine transportation, especially the shipping industry based on the goals to be achieved in this study.
DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION MODELING WITH ARENA FOR COMBINATION OF MANUAL QUEUE AND FAST TRACK QUEUE IN HOSPITAL
Authors: Krisnawati Febrian , Anugroho Dhoni Muhamad Room , Rachmawati Laura Yunita , Asrol Muhammad
Published: February 2023

In this study an analysis of the patient queuing system will be carried out by developing a queuing system, namely adding aspects of patient registration status and the registration process with a system or machine or through the hospital's web by downloading an application. This study aims to improve the efficiency of patient service management in clinics and develop a patient care management simulation model so that the number of patient rejections and patient waiting time in clinics. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) with ARENA and compare it with manual processes and with applications or machines in the registration process. The results show that patient rejection can be reduced to 1%, and the average patient time to be seen by a doctor is 0.7145 hours. If converted into minutes, each type of patient takes about 10 minutes in the doctor's office.
PENILAIAN KINERJA BERKELANJUTAN PRODUK SABUN CAIR WAJAH DENGAN METODE LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS (LCA)
Authors: Amrina Uly
Published: February 2023

Peningkatan konsumsi produk-produk kosmetik menuntut tanggung jawab para pelakunya terhadap industry yang berkelanjutan. Sayangnya IKM Kosmetik belum memiliki pengetahuan untuk melakukan penilaian kinerja berkelanjutan, dan penelitian-penelitian tentang subyek tersebut terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu para pelaku bisnis IKM Kosmetik dalam melakukan penilaian kinerja berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) dan Root Cause Analysis (RCA), dengan ruang lingkup penilaian adalah dari pengadaan bahan baku di supplier hingga distribusi ke customer. Hasil penilaian LCA untuk 316 kg sabun wajah secara end point analysis adalah 19.7 Pt. Kontributor dampak terbanyak adalah dari penggunaan bahan baku Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) dan konsumsi listrik. RCA dengan teknik brainstorming mengungkap penyebab utamanya adalah konsumsi bahan baku SLES yang mencapai 10% dari komposisi formulasi. Sebagai strategi perbaikan, peneliti merekomendasikan penguatan aktivitas riset dan pengembangan terkait formulasi material, pencarian alternatif material pengganti, dan peremajaan peralatan elektronik dan monitoring penggunaannya.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SIX SIGMA UNTUK PENGENDALIAN DAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PADA PROSES PRODUKSI STUD BOLT
Authors: Widiaswanti Ernaning , Agustina Fitri , Ansori Nachnul , Novianti Trisita , Yunitarini Rika
Published: February 2023

Persaingan industri manufaktur di Indonesia semakin ketat, sehingga mendorong industri untuk berlomba-lomba meningkatkan kualitas produknya. PT. Jawa Metalindo Prima  adalah salah satu industri manufaktur yang memproduksi stud bolt, dimana masih sering ditemukan kecacatan dalam proses produksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan metode Six Sigma pada produksi stud bolt guna meminimalisir kecacatan produk dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Metodologi ini didasarkan pada pendekatan Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC). Rata-rata hasil perhitungan nilai DPMO dan Sigma Level adalah 8696,02 dan 3,88, dimana masih belum dapat diterima karena masih jauh dari 6 sigma. Penyebab cacat tertinggi adalah ketidaksesuaian persentase perpanjangan dalam 4D yaitu sebesar 48%. Setelah dilakukan analisa, akar penyebab masalah produk cacat adalah operator yang kurang memiliki pengetahuan. Berdasarkan analisis 5W + 1H kebijakan yang harus diambil untuk meningkatkan kualitas stud bolt adalah selalu memperbarui work instruction dan melakukan pengawasan yang ketat pada setiap critical to quality.
ANALISIS POSTUR TUBUH PEKERJA DEPARTEMEN STAINING FINISHING MENGGUNAKAN METODE REBA (RAPID ENTIRE BODY ASSESSMENT) DI PT BERDIKARI MEUBEL NUSANTARA
Authors: Handriawan Mahfut , Erliana Ken , Yuliarty Popy
Published: February 2023

PT Berdikari Meubel Nusantara perusahaan manufaktur dengan produk utama beach chair strandkorb. Dalam melakukan pekerjaan operator masih banyak mengeluhkan ketidaknyamanan saat bekerja seperti keluhan rasa nyeri pada bagian tubuh hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil kuisoner Nordic Body Map (NBM) diketahui bahwa departemen staining finishing memiliki persentase keluhan agak sakit sebesar 60% pada punggung, 48% pada pinggang dan 52 % pada bagian lengan kanan atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) untuk mengukur keseluruhan postur bagian tubuh pekerja yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko stasiun kerja di departemen staining finishing. Hasil pengolahan REBA diketahui bahwa stasiun kerja staining dan stasin kerja soft sanding memiliki skor tertinggi dengar skor 7 pada stasiun kerja staining dan skor 5 pada stasiun kerja soft sanding hal ini menunjukkan tingkat risiko medium yang berarti perlu adanya perbaikan stasiun kerja untuk menghindari kemungkinan resiko Muskuloskeletal Disorders (MSDs).
PERBAIKAN TATA LETAK DAN SISTEM PENYIMPANAN BARANG DI GUDANG FINISH GOODS MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLASS BASED STORAGE
Authors: Triana Novera Elisa , Kartika Hayu
Published: February 2023

Perusahaan farmasi memiliki peningkatan produksi masa kondisi pandemic covid-19 di gudang pusat logistik barang unit National Distribution Centre (NDC). Gudang penyimpanan unit NDC sering terjadi permasalahan mengakibatkan penyimpanan dan pengiriman produk sering terjadi kendala karena lamanya waktu penyiapan barang. Lamanya waktu pencarian barang menyebabkan jadwal pengiriman mengalami keterlambatan dan produktivitas kerja staf gudang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperbaiki  tata letak dan sistem penyimpanan barang agar penempatan barang teratur dan waktu pengambilan barang lebih pendek menggunakan metode Class Based Storage dan pengkelasan produk berdasarkan analisis ABC. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perbaikan tata letak dengan menghitung kebutuhan penerimaan dan penyimpanan maksimal barang sebanyak 2.023 pallet dengan penurunan jarak tempuh yang dilakukan sebesar 7,25%. Sedangkan pengkelasan produk dengan kategori kelas A mempunyai persentase nilai kumulatif 37% dari 7 item produk, kelas B nilai kumulatif 30% dari 9 item produk dan kategori kelas C nilai 33% dari 19 item produk.
PENGURANGAN PEMBOROSAN DENGAN METODE VALUE STREAM MAPPING PADA PROSES PENYEDIAAN MEDICINES & CONSUMABLES DI PERUSAHAAN JASA KESEHATAN DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Ayu Devi Ratna , Alfa Bonitasari Nurul
Published: February 2023

Perusahaan bidang pelayanan jasa kesehatan pada penelitian ini memberikan Service 6M (Medical Center, Medical Site, Medical Training, Medical Assistance, Medical Administration Service, dan Medical Hospital Management). Berdasarkan data complain kasus keterlambatan penyediaan medicines & consumables didapatkan data bahwa client TEP memiliki rata-rata keterlambatan tertinggi yaitu 284.21 Hari, untuk itu diperlukan identifikasi waste sebagai upaya mengurangi keterlambatannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Value Stream Mapping, metode ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi proses yang mengandung waste sehingga waste yang ada bisa dihilangkan. Pada current state map diketahui value-added time sebesar 38.86 Hari, dan total non-value-added time 287.35 hari.  Hasil dari usulan perbaikan didapatkan total value-added time 31.92 hari dan total non-value-added time menjadi 9 hari.
Ileocecal intussusception as a first presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma with multi-organ involvement
Authors: Farahmandinia Zahra , Nakhaie Mohsen , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh
Published: February 2023

A 2-year-old boy was diagnosed with ileocecal intussusception and
underwent surgical treatment and appendectomy. Appendix histopathology
revealed lymphoid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, high mitotic
activity, and starry sky appearance. The patient was diagnosed with
Burkitt’s lymphoma, which involves many organs, such as the appendix,
liver, kidney, and bone marrow.
Coculture model of a liver sinusoidal endothelial cell barrier and hepatocyte spheroids-on-chip in an advanced fluidic platform
Authors: Jellali Rachid , Messelmani Taha , Goff Anne Le , Soncin Fabrice , Souguir Zied , Merlier Franck , Maubon Nathalie , Legallais Cecile , Leclerc Eric
Published: February 2023

The liver is one of the main organs involved in the metabolism of
xenobiotics and a key organ in toxicity studies. Prior to accessing the
hepatocytes, xenobiotics pass through the hepatic sinusoid formed by
liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). The LSECs barrier regulates
the kinetics and concentrations of the xenobiotics before their
metabolic processing by the hepatocytes. To mimic this physiological
situation, we developed an in vitro model reproducing an LSECs
barrier in coculture with a hepatocyte biochip, using a fluidic
platform. This technology made dynamic coculture and tissue crosstalk
possible. SK-HEP-1 and HepG2/C3a cells were used as LSECs and as
hepatocyte models, respectively. We confirmed the LSECs phenotype by
measuring PECAM-1 and stabilin-2 expression levels and the barrier’s
permeability/transport properties with various molecules. The tightness
of the SK-HEP-1 barrier was enhanced in the dynamic coculture. The
morphology, albumin secretion, and gene expression levels of markers of
HepG2/C3a were not modified by coculture with the LSECs barrier. Using
paracetamol, a well-known hepatotoxic drug, to study tissue crosstalk,
there was a reduction in the expression levels of the LSECs markers
stabilin-2 and PECAM-1, and a modification of those of CLEC4M and KDR.
No HepG2/C3a toxicity was observed. The metabolisation of paracetamol by
HepG2/C3a monocultures and cocultures was confirmed. Although primary
cells are required to propose a fully relevant model, the present
approach highlights the potential of our system for investigating
xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity.
An Innovative Digital Equalizer for Wireless Communications
Authors: Nima Bassam , Li Yanan , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: February 2023

Nonlinear frequency responses are a common problem in radio frequency
(RF) components. Specifically, in wireless communication systems,
signals are often unequally amplified or attenuated across a specified
frequency band. Common communications components such as filters,
amplifiers, and mixers can lead to nonlinear frequency responses, which
can cause errors in transmitting and receiving. This article outlines
the design and demonstration of a static and dynamic finite impulse
response (FIR) digital equalizer circuit. Using predistortion topology
with a coupled feedback loop, the adaptive LMS algorithm was
implemented. The FIR filter was simulated in MATLAB and Vivado and then
implemented onto an Eclypse Z7 FPGA evaluation board with no timing
errors. Simulations showed that the custom RTL module gave the same
frequency response that was produced in MATLAB calculations. The filter
was able to dynamically equalize the frequency responses of different
nonlinear boards that were used as the devices under test (DUT).
Measurements showed that the equalizer was able to compensate for system
distortion from 0.2 to 0.8 Nyquist frequency. The phase response
remained relatively linear across the band of interest, with a group
delay flatness less than 10ns.
“We agree more than disagree”: Exploring conflict in Alevi-Sunni intermarriages in Turkey
Authors: Tulum-Akbulut Sedef , Özateşler-Ülkücan Gül , Erarslan-İngeç Özge , Türnüklü Abbas
Published: February 2023

The present study aimed to discover the content of conflicts in
intermarriages, uncover any conflict resolution patterns used by couples
in these marriages, and understand how cultural differences influence
these conflict experiences in Turkey. Semi-structured, in-depth
interviews were conducted with 43 Alevi-Sunni intermarried individuals
(18 couples and 7 individuals). Data were analyzed using content
analysis. The findings revealed that intermarried couples report various
common emotional and practical problems without making any unique
references to their cultural differences. Also, they are largely
successful in managing these conflicts effectively. Most couples do not
identify cultural differences as causing crucial marital problems,
whereas only a minority of them face some further challenges and
conflicts due to differences in cultural orientations. This study
provides a step toward understanding conflict experiences in
intermarriages in Turkey. Furthermore, our findings add to a growing
body of literature on positive couple functioning in intermarriages.
Stress-Based and Convolutional Forecasting of Injection-Induced Seismicity: Application to The Otaniemi Geothermal Reservoir Stimulation
Authors: Kim Taeho James , Avouac Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2023

Induced seismicity observed during Enhanced Geothermal Stimulation (EGS)
at Otaniemi, Finland is modelled using both statistical and physical
approaches. The physical model produces simulations closest to the
observations when assuming rate-and-state friction for shear failure
with diffusivity matching the pressure build-up at the well-head at
onset of injections. Rate-and-state friction implies a time dependent
earthquake nucleation process which is found to be essential in
reproducing the spatial pattern of seismicity. This implies that
permeability inferred from the expansion of the seismicity triggering
front (Shapiro, 1997) can be biased. We suggest a heuristic method to
account for this bias that is independent of the earthquake magnitude
detection threshold. Our modelling suggests that the Omori law decay
during injection shut-ins results mainly from stress relaxation by pore
pressure diffusion. During successive stimulations, seismicity should
only be induced where the previous maximum of Coulomb stress changes is
exceeded. This effect, commonly referred to as the Kaiser effect, is not
clearly visible in the data from  Otaniemi. The different injection
locations at the various stimulation stages may have resulted in
sufficiently different effective stress distributions that the effect
was muted. We describe a statistical model whereby seismicity rate is
estimated from  convolution of the injection history with a kernel which
approximates earthquake triggering by fluid diffusion. The statistical
method has superior computational efficiency to the physical model and
fits the observations as well as the physical model. This approach is
applicable provided the Kaiser effect is not strong, as was the case in
Otaniemi.
Deepening of Southern Ocean gateway leads to abrupt onset of a deep-reaching meridional overturning circulation
Authors: Xing Qianjiang Bryant , Klocker Andreas , Munday David R , Whittaker Joanne M
Published: February 2023

During the Eocene-Oligocene transition, the meridional overturning
circulation underwent large changes, associated with the geological
evolution of Southern Ocean gateways. These are crucial for the Cenozoic
climate transition from Greenhouse to Icehouse, but their dynamics still
remain elusive. We demonstrate, using an idealised eddying ocean model,
that the opening of a gateway leads to an abrupt onset of a vigorous,
deep-reaching, meridional overturning circulation. This meridional
overturning circulation has a maximum transport for a shallow gateway,
and decreases with further deepening of the gateway. This abrupt change
in the meridional overturning circulation can be explained through the
ability with which standing meanders – turbulent features located
downstream of the gateway – can induce deep vertical heat transport at
high latitudes where bottom waters are produced. Our results demonstrate
the crucial role of turbulent processes, associated with tectonic
evolution, in setting the strength of the global ocean’s deep-reaching
meridional overturning circulation.
A water isotopic modelling library for environmental studies
Authors: Hassanzadeh Ashkan , Vàzquez-Suñé Enric , Valdivielso Sonia , Criollo Rotman
Published: February 2023

Isotopic composition modelling is a key aspect in many environmental studies. This work presents an open source Python library that estimates isotopic compositions through machine learning algorithms with user-defined variables. This library includes dataset preprocessing, outlier detection , statistical analysis, feature selection, model validation and calibration and postpro-cessing. This tool has the flexibility to operate with discontinuous inputs in time and space. The automatic decision-making procedures are knitted in different stages of the algorithm, although it is possible to manually complete each step. The extensive output reports, figures and maps generated by Isocompy facilitate the comprehension of stable water isotope studies. In essence, Iso-compy offers an open source foundation for isotopic studies that ensures reproducible research in environmental fields.
Discontinuity in fluvial plastic transport increased by floating vegetation
Authors: Schreyers Louise Jeanne , Bui Khiet , Emmerik Tim van , Biermann Lauren , Uijlenhoet Remko , Nguyen Hong Quan , Ploeg Martine J. van der
Published: February 2023

Understanding plastic mobility in rivers is crucial in estimating
plastic emissions into the oceans. Most studies have so far considered
fluvial plastic transport as a uniform process, with stream discharge
and plastic concentrations as the main variables necessary to quantify
plastic transport. Decelerating (e.g.: trapping effects) and
accelerating effects (e.g.: increased water flows) on plastic transport
are poorly understood, despite growing evidence that such mechanisms
affect riverine plastic mobility. In this observation-based study, we
explored the roles of an invasive floating plant species (i.e. water
hyacinths) as a major disruptor of plastic transport. The different
functions of aquatic vegetation in trapping and transporting plastics
play a key part in our evolving understanding of how plastic moves in
rivers. We collected a one-year dataset on plastic transport, densities
and hyacinth abundance in the Saigon river, Vietnam, using both a visual
counting method and UAV imagery analysis. We found that hyacinths trap
the majority of floating plastic observed (~60%), and
plastic densities within patches are ten times higher than otherwise
found at the river surface. At a monthly and seasonal scale, high
hyacinth coverage coincides with peaks in both plastic transport and
densities over the dry season (Dec-May) in the Saigon river. We also
investigated the large-scale mechanisms governing plant-plastic-water
interactions through a conceptual model based on our observations and
available literature. Distinguishing total and net plastic transport is
crucial to consider fluctuations in freshwater discharge, tidal dynamics
and trapping effects caused by the interactions with aquatic vegetation
and/or other sinks.
Chapter 1: Progress in Understanding and Parameterizing Fast Physics in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models
Authors: Liu Yangang , Kollias Pavlos
Published: February 2023

This introductory chapter discusses the atmospheric subgrid processes ─
collectively called “fast 11 physics” or “fast processes”, and their
parameterizations in large scale atmospheric models. It 12 presents a
brief historical progression of the parameterization of fast processes
in numerical 13 models. Despite great efforts and notable advances in
understanding, progress in improving fast 14 physics parameterizations
has been frustratingly slow, the underlying reasons for which are 15
explored. To guide readers, this chapter describes the main objectives
and scope of this book and 16 summarizes each chapter.
Determining Undersampled Coastal Tidal Harmonics using Regularized Least Squares
Authors: Wang Ruo-Qian , Golparvar Behzad , Mark Morgan
Published: February 2023

Recent observation reveals a stunning fact that coastal tides are
experiencing rapid change in the last century in the world.
High-accuracy tidal-level data is needed to achieve a wide and refined
understanding of the phenomenon. In-situ measurements are often sparse
and limited to fixed locations, which are insufficient to provide
information about the spatiotemporal variability of tidal processes
beyond tidal gauges. Satellite altimetry, which measures water level
with global coverage and high resolution, provides an unprecedented
opportunity to address the issue but two technical challenges prevent
such satellite-based tidal harmonic analysis: a) sampling frequency
requirement: data sampling/acquisition frequency must be at least two
times of the major tidal frequency to avoid the aliasing issue dictated
by the Nyquist theorem but satellite revisit frequency is well below the
required Nyquist frequency, and b) data length requirement: a minimum
length of sampled observation data is required to recognize a sufficient
number of tidal constituents according to the Rayleigh criterion
theorem. To address these issues, a novel Regularized Least-Square
approach is developed to substantially relax the limitation: the prior
information on the regional tidal amplitudes is used to support a
least-square analysis to obtain the amplitudes and phases of the tidal
constituents for water elevation time series of different lengths and
time intervals. The proposed method can determine the tidal amplitudes
with high accuracy and the sampling interval can be extended to the
application level of altimetry satellites. It was validated using the
data of the altimetry mission, Jason-3.
Numerical modelling of earthquake cycles based on Navier-Stokes equations with Viscoelastic-plasticity rheology
Authors: Yang Haibin , Moresi Louis , Weng Huihui , Giordani Julian
Published: February 2023

Visco-elastic-plastic modelling approaches for long-term tectonic
deformation assume that co-seismic fault displacement can be integrated
over 1,000s-10,000s years (tens of earthquake cycles) with the
appropriate failure law, and that short-timescale fluctuations in the
stress field due to individual earthquakes have no effect on long-term
behavior. Models of the earthquake rupture process generally assume that
the tectonic (long-range) stress field or kinematic boundary conditions
are steady over the course of multiple earthquake cycles. In this study,
we develop a numerical framework that embeds earthquake rupture dynamics
into a long-term tectonic deformation model by adding inertial terms and
using highly adaptive time-stepping that can capture deformation at
plate-motion rates as well as individual earthquakes. We reproduce
benchmarks at the earthquake timescale to demonstrate the effectiveness
of our approach. We then discuss how these high-resolution models
degrade if the time-step cannot capture the rupture process accurately
and, from this, infer when it is important to consider coupling of the
two timescales and the level of accuracy required. To build upon these
benchmarks, we undertake a generic study of a thrust fault in the crust
with a prescribed geometry. We find that lower crustal rheology affects
the periodic time of characteristic earthquake cycles and the
inter-seismic, free-surface deformation rate. In particular, the
relaxation of the surface of a cratonic region (with a relatively strong
lower crust) has a characteristic double-peaked uplift profile that
persists for thousands of years after a major slip event. This pattern
might be diagnostic of active faults in cratonic regions.
Impact of Surface Roughness Changes on Surface Wind Speed over Western Europe: A Study with a Regional Climate Model
Authors: Luu Linh N. , Meijgaard Erik Van , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Kew Sarah F. , Baar Jouke H. S. De , Stepek Andrew
Published: February 2023

The temporal trend of wind speed near the surface over land has been
investigated over recent decades. A prevailing trend of decline was
found in several studies for most areas in the Northern hemisphere,
denoted as terrestrial stilling, with multiple causes being discussed.
In this study, we focus on the impact of changes of surface roughness
due to changes in land-use and vegetation cover on this variable for
western Europe using the regional climate model RACMO driven by ERA5
reanalysis. We conduct two simulations at climate scale, with and
without changes in land-use and vegetation on a yearly basis. We find
that upper level large-scale circulation slowing down results in
declining near surface mean wind speed, and that increases in surface
roughness due to changes in land use and vegetation cover play an
important role in intensifying this declining trend from our simulations
with RACMO. However, the trends inferred from the model simulations and
ERA5 are not consistent with trends derived from gridded observations
database E-OBS. This could come from the complexity of integrating
in-situ measurements with uncorrectable inhomogeneity to derive E-OBS.
Spatial response of Greenland's firn layer to NAO variability
Authors: Brils Max , Munneke Peter Kuipers , Broeke Michiel R. van den
Published: February 2023

Firn on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) buffers meltwater, and has a
variable thickness, complicating observations of volume change to mass
change. In this study, we use a firn model (IMAU-FDM v1.2G) forced by a
regional climate model (RACMO2.3p2) to investigate how the GrIS firn
layer thickness and pore space have evolved since 1958 in response to
variability in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. On interannual
timescales, the firn layer thickness and pore space show a spatially
heterogeneous response to variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO). Notably, a stronger NAO following the record warm summer of 2012
led the firn layer in the south and east of the ice sheet to regain
thickness and pore space after a period of thinning and reduced pore
space. In the southwest, a decrease in melt dominates, whereas in the
east the main driver is an increase in snow accumulation. At the same
time, the firn in the northwestern ice sheet continued to lose pore
space. The NAO also varies on intra-annual timescales, being typically
stronger in winter than in summer. This impacts the amplitude of the
seasonal cycle in GrIS firn thickness and pore space. In the wet
southeastern GrIS, most of the snow accumulates during the winter, when
melting and densification are relatively weak, leading to a large
seasonal cycle in thickness and pore space. The opposite occurs in other
regions, where snowfall peaks in summer or autumn. This dampens the
seasonal amplitude of firn thickness and pore space.
Tailored forecasts can predict extreme climate informing proactive interventions in East Africa
Authors: Funk Chris , Harrison Laura , Segele Zewdu , Rosenstock Todd Stuart , steward peter , anderson leigh , Coughlan-Perez Erin , maxwell daniel , Endris Hussen Seid , Koech Eunice , artan guleid , Teshome Fetene , Aura Stella , Galu Gideon , Korecha Diriba , anderson weston , Hoell Andrew , damerau kerstin , Williams Emily L , gosh Aniruddha , Villegas Julian Ramirez , hughes david Peter
Published: February 2023

This commentary discusses new advances in the predictability of east
African rains and highlights the potential for improved early warning
systems (EWS), humanitarian relief efforts, and agricultural
decision-making. Following an unprecedented sequence of five droughts,
in 2022 23 million east Africans faced starvation, requiring
>$2 billion in aid. Here, we update climate attribution
studies showing that these droughts resulted from an interaction of
climate change and La Niña. Then we describe, for the first time, how
attribution-based insights can be combined with the latest dynamic
models to predict droughts at eight-month lead-times. We then discuss
behavioral and social barriers to forecast use, and review literature
examining how EWS might (or might not) enhance agro-pastoral advisories
and humanitarian interventions. Finally, in reference to the new World
Meteorological Organization (WMO) “Early Warning for All” plan, we
conclude with a set of recommendations supporting actionable and
authoritative climate services. Trust, urgency, and accuracy can help
overcome barriers created by limited funding, uncertain tradeoffs, and
inertia. Understanding how climate change is producing predictable
climate extremes now, investing in African-led EWS, and building better
links between EWS and agricultural development efforts can support
long-term adaptation, reducing chronic needs for billions of dollars in
reactive assistance. The main messages of this commentary will be
widely. Climate change is interacting with La Niña to produce extreme,
but extremely predictable, Pacific sea surface temperature gradients.
These gradients will affect the climate in many countries creating
opportunities for prediction. Effective use of such predictions,
however, will demand cross-silo collaboration.
Weddell Sea control of ocean temperature variability on the western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Morrison Adele K. , England Matthew H. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Kiss Andrew E.
Published: February 2023

Recent ice loss on the western Antarctic Peninsula has been driven by
warming ocean waters on the continental shelf. However, due to the short
observational record, our understanding of the dynamics and variability
in this region remains poor. High-resolution ocean model simulations
show that the temperature variability along the western Antarctic
Peninsula is controlled by the rate of dense water formation in the
Weddell Sea. Passive tracer advection reveals connectivity between the
Weddell Sea and the coastline of the western Antarctic Peninsula and
Bellingshausen Sea. During multi-year periods of weak Weddell dense
water formation, dense overflow transport in the Weddell Sea decreases,
while the transport of cold water around the tip of the Antarctic
Peninsula strengthens, driving a temperature decrease of
0.4C along the western Antarctic Peninsula. This
mechanism implies that western Antarctic Peninsula coastal ocean
temperature may cool in the future if Weddell Dense Shelf Water
production slows down.
Tidal response of seismic wave velocity at shallow crust in Japan
Authors: Takano Tomoya , Nishida Kiwamu
Published: February 2023

Microcracks in geomaterials cause variations in the elastic moduli under
applied strain, thereby creating seismic wave velocity variations. These
are crucial for understanding the dynamic processes of the crust, such
as fault-zone damage, healing, and volcanic activities. Solid earth
tides have been used to detect seismic velocity changes responding to
crustal-scale deformations. However, no prior research has explored the
characteristics of the seismic velocity variations caused by large-scale
tidal deformation. To systematically evaluate the tidal response to
velocity variations, we developed a new method that utilized the
flexibility of a state-space model. The tidal response was derived from
hourly stacked noise autocorrelations using a seismic interferometry
method throughout Japan. In particular, large tide-induced seismic
velocities were observed in the low S-wave velocity region of the
shallow crust. Overall, the tidal responses to velocity variations can
provide new insights into the response mechanisms of the shallow crust
to applied strain.
H12L-0840: Climate Driven Changes in Snow Regime Classifications of the Continental United States (AGU 2022, Poster Session H12L)
Authors: Tedesche Molly E , Dahl Travis A , Giovando Jeremy J
Published: February 2023

Much of the world’s water resource infrastructure is experiencing rapid
shifts in climate and snowmelt. Changing snowmelt regimes are
responsible for rain-on-snow river flooding, putting communities at
risk. Our study uses a new Snow Regime Classification system as a proxy
for tracking climate driven changes in hydrology across the contiguous
US over 40 years (1981-2020). Snow regimes are calculated annually, with
changes evaluated across decadal and 30-year time scales. Our Snow
Regime technique designates areas across CONUS as: (1) rain dominated
(RD), (2) snow dominated (SD), (3)
transitional (transient mix of rain and snow;
R/S), or (4) as perennial snow cover
(PS). Class thresholding ratios involve snow water
equivalent (SWE) over cumulative cool-season precipitation (October
through March).
New Estimates of Magnitude-Frequency Distribution and b-Value Using Relative Magnitudes for the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Gable Sydney Lauren , Huang Yihe
Published: February 2023

The magnitude-frequency distribution (MFD) describes the relative
proportion of earthquake magnitudes and provides vital information for
seismic hazard assessment. The b-value, derived from the MFD, is
commonly used to estimate the probability that a future earthquake will
exceed a specified magnitude threshold. Improved MFD and b-value
estimates are of great importance in the central and eastern United
States where high volumes of fluid injection have contributed to a
significant rise in seismicity over the last decade. In this study we
provide new MFD and b-value estimates for the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma
sequence using a relative magnitude approach that depends only on
waveform data to recalculate magnitudes. We recalculate the magnitudes
of 8775 events that occurred between March 2010 and March 2012 and find
that the distribution of relative magnitudes exhibits less curvature
than the MFD of cataloged magnitudes. We also compare the distribution
of successive magnitudes differences to the traditional MFD and show
that a combination of the magnitude difference distribution (MDFD) and
relative magnitudes yields the most stable estimate of b-value. Using
the MDFD and relative magnitudes, we examine the temporal and spatial
variations in the b-value and observe low b-values during the aftershock
sequence for at least 5 months after the M5.7 mainshock, though areas
surrounding the northeast part of the sequence experience elevated
b-values. These new estimates of MFD and b-value will contribute to
further hazard assessment for induced earthquake sequences and promote
discussion regarding the use of b-value to understand the evolution of
induced seismic sequences.
Development of an Epidemic-type Aftershock-sequence Model Explicitly Incorporating the Seismicity-triggering Effects of Slow Slip Events
Authors: Nishikawa Tomoaki , Nishimura Takuya
Published: February 2023

Slow slip events (SSEs) at subduction zone plate boundaries sometimes
trigger earthquake swarms and megathrust earthquakes. The causal
relationship between SSEs and seismicity has been studied worldwide, but
the epidemic-type aftershock-sequence (ETAS) model, which is a standard
statistical model of seismicity, does not explicitly consider the
seismicity-triggering effect of SSEs. Therefore, if an SSE occurs at a
plate boundary, probabilistic earthquake forecasts based on the ETAS
model fail to predict observed seismicity. Here, we constructed a
statistical model named the SSE-modulated ETAS model by incorporating
SSE moment rates estimated from observation data from the global
navigation satellite system into the original ETAS model. Our model
assumes a linear or power-law relationship between the SSE moment rates
and seismicity rates and estimates its proportionality constant as a new
ETAS parameter. We applied this new model to three SSEs and M 2.5 or
greater earthquakes in the shallow part of the Hikurangi Trench, New
Zealand. The results show that it is better than the original ETAS
model, giving a significant reduction in the Akaike information
criterion. In addition, we examined the functional forms (e.g., lag time
and power exponent) of the equation relating the moment rate of the SSEs
to the seismicity rate. The results imply that, in addition to
SSE-induced stress changes, crustal fluid migration may be related to
SSE-induced seismicity. We also examine the influence of SSEs on
aftershock productivity. Our model can improve short-term forecasts of
seismicity associated with SSEs and is useful for quantifying
characteristics of the seismicity.
An assessment of Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclones in ERA5 using WindSat
Authors: McErlich Cameron , McDonald Adrian J. , Renwick James Arthur , Schuddeboom Alex J
Published: February 2023

ERA5 reanalysis output is compared to WindSat measurements over cyclones
at Southern Hemisphere mid- to high-latitudes. WindSat provides an
independent measure of how well ERA5 represents cyclones, as WindSat is
not assimilated into ERA5. We implement a tracking scheme to identify
cyclone centres and tracks, before using cyclone composites to match
concurrent data in ERA5 and WindSat. We find that both ERA5 and WindSat
show comparable spatial structures for low level wind speed, total
column water vapour, cloud liquid water and precipitation. Compared to
WindSat, ERA5 underestimates total column water vapour by up to
5\% and cloud liquid water by up to
40\%. ERA5 underestimates precipitation in the warm
sector by up to 15\%, but overestimates in the cold
sector by up to 60\%. Similar biases in ERA5 are seen
when comparing to AMSR-E data, even though AMSR-E radiances are
assimilated into ERA5. Comparing ERA5 and WindSat across the cyclone
lifecycle, a strong correlation is seen across the cyclone as it deepens
and reaches peak intensity, before slightly declining as the cyclone
decays. In the cold sector ERA5 shows underestimation of cloud liquid
water, yet overestimates precipitation at all lifecycle stages. However,
in the warm sector precipitation is underestimated. This potentially
suggests the presence of biases within the ERA5 parameterisations of
cloud and precipitation causing a disconnect between the two. Despite
this, ERA5 shows strong correlation with WindSat and determines cyclone
structure well across the cyclone lifecycle, showing its value for use
in cyclone compositing analysis.
Transboundary rainfall estimation from commercial microwave links
Authors: Blettner Nico , Fencl Martin , Bareš Vojtěch , Kunstmann Harald , Chwala Christian
Published: February 2023

Unlike actual rainfall, the spatial extent of rainfall maps is often
determined by administrative and political boundaries. Similarly, data
from commercial microwave links (CMLs) is usually acquired on national
basis and exchange among countries is limited. Up to now, this has
prohibited the generation of transboundary CML-based rainfall maps
despite the great extension of networks across the world. We present CML
based rainfall maps for the first time, using independent CML data sets
from Germany and the Czech Republic. For homogenization we apply three
increasingly effective algorithms of filtering and time series
interpolation. We show that straightforward algorithms used for
homogenisation strongly reduce anomalies in the results. Furthermore, we
find that after the homogenization and joint processing, CML-based
rainfall maps can be generated which seamlessly visualize a rainfall
event traversing the German-Czech border. This displays the potential
for large scale (e.g. continental) CML-based rainfall estimation.
Vitamins E and C exert protective roles in hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Milev Misko , Angeleska Marinela , Georgieva Milena , Maksimova Viktorija , Janeva Milkica , Miloshev George , Ruskovska Tatjana
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exerts strong oxidative, cytotoxic, and genotoxic
effects, whereas vitamins C and E are potent non-enzymatic antioxidants.
This study aimed to demonstrate the ameliorative effects of vitamins C and
E, individually or in combination, on H2O2-induced DNA damage using the
alkaline Comet Assay with silver nitrate staining and visual scoring. Trypan
blue exclusion assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the
treatments, whereas alkaline Comet Assay with silver nitrate staining was
used to quantify DNA damage. DNA damage was assessed by the method of visual
comet scoring and expressed in arbitrary units. Human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were pretreated with 100 ?M vitamin C and E for 30
min, individually or in combination, followed by a treatment with 100 ?M
H2O2 for 30 min. Untreated cells were used as a negative control, whereas
cells treated with 100 ?M H2O2 only were used as a positive control. We
observed a considerable H2O2-induced DNA damage in the positive control,
which was reduced in vitamin-pretreated cells. The combination of vitamins C
and E led to the greatest amelioration of DNA damage. In our hands, Comet
Assay with silver nitrate staining and visual scoring represents a rapid and
reliable method to investigate the protective effects of vitamins C and E on
H2O2-induced DNA damage.