bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of short birth interval among women of reproductive age attending the young child clinic at a tertiary hospital in Western Uganda: a cross-section study
Authors: Elioba John L. R. , Hakizimana Theoneste , Atuhaire Shallon , Ishimwe Marie P. S. , Naranjo Ubarnel A. , Ramirez Fernando P.
Published: November 2023

Background: Short birth interval continues to increase in sub-Sahara Africa of which Uganda is part. If all birth-to-pregnancy intervals were spaced at least 2 years apart as recommended by the world health organization, most under-five deaths would be avoided. We aim at determining the predictors of short birth interval among women of reproductive age at tertiary hospitals, Uganda.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 325 women of reproductive age attending the young child clinic at Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital was conducted from July 2022 to October 2022. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data used for analysis. Descriptive statistics followed by binary logistic regression were conducted to achieve the study objectives using Stata version 14.2.
Results: Out of 325 participants, 94 (29%) had short birth interval. Maternal age (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.15-10.13; p=0.02), no previous pregnancy planning (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.23-9.41; p=0.01), duration of breastfeeding less than 12 months (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 0.06-0.58; p=0.003), less or equal to 4 antenatal care visits (OR=8.7, 95% CI: 3.19-23.80; p≤0.001) and not using postpartum contraceptives (OR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.64-19.81; p=0.006) were independently associated with short birth interval.
Conclusions: The prevalence of short birth interval is still high in Uganda as compared to global report. The predictor factors of short birth interval include maternal lack of pregnancy planning, low number of antenatal care visits, breastfeeding for less than 12 months and lack of postpartum contraceptive use. Women of reproductive should routinely be educated about child spacing by healthcare workers.
Efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator in management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in perimenopausal patients: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Shrivastava Namita , Rani Ritu
Published: November 2023

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is one of the most common menstrual disorder of women in any age group and is a diagnosis of exclusion. Medical management of menorrhagia is a difficult task as there are wide variations in the available drugs and a lot of different regimes are available. Present study evaluates efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) in treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women.
Methods: The study was conducted on 120 patients in the age group of 40-55 years who were treated with 60 mg ormeloxifene twice a week for first 12 weeks and once weekly for next 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were menstrual blood loss (assessed by pictorial blood assessment chart score), hemoglobin concentration and endometrial thickness. The secondary outcome measures were aceptability and side effects of ormeloxifene.
Results: 86.66% of women showed marked improvement in symptoms. Mean endometrial thickness decreased significantly from 9.825 mm to 6.25 mm after 6 months of treatment (p value <0.001). A significant decrease in median PBAC score (p value <0.001) was observed. Also, the mean haemoglobin level increased significantly from 8.03 g/dl to 9.60 g/dl (p value <0.001). Most common side effect reported was amenorrhoea (16%). 4% patient not relieved underwent hysterectomy.
Conclusions: Ormeloxifene could be the drug of choice in patients with DUB. It is safe, cost-effective with manageable side effects. The therapy has facilitated compliance, tolerability and reduction of symptoms resulting in adherence towards the treatment.
A cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cervical cancer screening/pap smear among health care professionals in a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Aggarwal Richa , Mathe Priyanka , Sharma Preeti
Published: November 2023

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most easily preventable and curable cancers among females. It imposes a high burden on developing countries, and with the use of screening methods, higher detection rates can be assured. Aims and objectives were to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) among health care professionals including doctors, nurses, and laboratory technicians regarding a very simple test for cervical cancer screening (i.e., Pap smear)
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 200 female health care workers in University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi from August 2018 to July 2022. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used on health care professionals working in various departments. This questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic data, knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening, Pap smear, and HPV vaccination, and attitudes of participants toward a Pap smear and HPV vaccination.
Results: A total of 200 health care workers participated and knowledge among doctors and paramedical staff was compared but only 24.05% of the doctors and 26.44% of the paramedical staff had ever undergone a Pap smear screening, which was statistically insignificant (p=0.7). Awareness about the cervical cancer prevention vaccine was found more among doctors (n=78, 98.7%) than paramedical staff (n=77, 63.63%), and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001) Also, data among participants from a gynecology department (GD) versus other departments was compared, and awareness regarding HPV vaccine was much higher in the other-than-gynecology department (OTGD) group (84.29%) versus the GD group (59.54%), and this was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Health care workers play an essential role in the community to spread awareness, but there is a need for a change in attitude about the disease and its screening. We can utilize this knowledge in filling the critical gaps in the community regarding awareness, screening, and prevention of the disease.
Study of tamoxifen associated endometrial changes in women with breast cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Coelho Jyotsna Mirabel , G. Nagarathna , Shet Dinesh
Published: November 2023

Background: Studies have estimated that women with breast cancer on tamoxifen therapy have a greater risk of developing endometrial cancer. We undertook this study to correlate the ultrasonographic findings, hysteroscopy findings and endometrial pathology in breast cancer patients on tamoxifen.
Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of two years. Patients of histologically proven breast cancer on tamoxifen treatment for more than a year were taken into the study. Transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopic biopsy (if endometrial thickness on TVS was 8mm or more) was performed. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of data.
Results: 23 patients had an endometrial thickness between 5-10 mm. 23 between 10.1-15 mm, 13 between 15.1-20 mm and only 1 patient had an ET of more than 20 mm with a mean of 12.27 mm. On Hysteroscopy 24 patients (51%) had a bald endometrium, 14 (29.8%) had hyperplastic endometrium and 9 (19.2%) had polypoid endometrium. On endometrial biopsy, 19 patients had atrophic endometrium, 14 had polypoid endometrium, 11 had non secretory and 7 had secretory endometrium, 1 patient had disordered proliferative endometrium, 1 as hyperplasia without atypia and 1 with complex hyperplasia. 2 were reported as adenocarcinoma.
Conclusions: Usage of tamoxifen is warranted in view of its benefits outweighing its risks, the need of a screening program for patients who receive tamoxifen for a prolonged period and the need for a hysteroscopic biopsy when the endometrial thickness is more than 8mm especially in the symptomatic patients.
A comparative study between total laparoscopic hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy for benign uterine conditions
Authors: Shakuntla  , Nagar Oby
Published: November 2023

Background: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate and compare the results of two routes of hysterectomy for benign uterine conditions of less than 14 weeks who performed in our tertiary centre.
Methods: This was a prospective interventional single centre study on 140 consecutive patients (70 patients in each group) who underwent hysterectomy for benign uterine conditions either by total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) or by total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) route.
Results: There were no statistical differences between two groups regarding age, parity, previous history of abdominal surgery, demographic factors, For TLH group vs. TAH group- operative time was (89.34±12.3 minutes) vs. (46.6±5.92 minutes) (p<0.0001), blood loss (19.61±2.34 ml) vs. (124.8±17.29 ml) (p<0.0001), post operative haemoglobin drop (0.34±0.15 gm/dl) vs. (1.36±0.24 gm/dl) (p<0.0001), pain score (2.56±0.97) vs. (5.31±1.02) (p<0.0001), mean ambulation time (15.16 ± 4.64 hours) vs. (48.76±5.08 hours) (p<0.0001), mean time to catheter removal (12.47±0.94 hours) vs. (48.23±0.64 hours) (p<0.0001), hospital stay (3.74±0.50 days) vs. (7.64±0.98 days) (p<0.0001), resumption to normal daily activities (4.39±0.2 weeks) vs. (11.8±1.77 weeks) (p<0.0001), were significantly lower and earlier in TLH group as compared to TAH group, also compared intra-operative and post-op complication (less in TLH group) and patient satisfaction score(better in TLH group).
Conclusions: TLH route is safe and feasible as compare to TAH route and found to have, less amount of blood loss, fewer complications and early ambulation, recovery and discharge.
The role of cerebro placental ratio as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in uncomplicated term pregnancies
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Agarwal Mohita , Akanksha  , Kapoor Abhivyakti
Published: November 2023

Background: Aim of the study was to study role of cerebro placental ratio (CPR) as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in uncomplicated term pregnancies.
Methods: This prospective observational study took place at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in SNMC Agra. We enrolled 140 uncomplicated antenatal cases with gestational age between 37 to 41 weeks, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant underwent comprehensive assessments, including history-taking, examinations, and ultrasound color Doppler evaluations. We then analyzed perinatal outcomes in correlation with CPR.
Results: Adverse perinatal outcomes i.e., asphyxia and NICU admissions were found to be significantly higher in patients with CPR<1. We also observed APGAR<7 at 1 and 5 minutes, cord blood ABG with pH<7.3, pO2<50, PCO2>45 in patients with CPR<1.
Conclusions: CPR serves as a noninvasive means to identify fetal compromise in seemingly healthy pregnancies, aiding in the decision-making process regarding the mode of delivery. Clinical significance-CPR can assist in stratifying at risk pregnancies, subsequently influencing decisions regarding the mode and place of delivery.
Study of demographic profile and causative factor in female infertility
Authors: Bhadkaria Shivani , Srivastava Sakshi , Mishra Kalpana , Vibha
Published: November 2023

Background: Infertility is a global health concern affecting millions of couples worldwide, with a significant impact on physical health and societal disparities. This study investigates female infertility in a specific population in India.
Methods: The study, conducted at Nehru Hospital, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur during September 2019 to August 2020 involved 150 infertile couples seeking conception assistance. Demographic profiles, causative factors, and management approaches were explored. Data were collected through medical histories, physical examinations, and various investigations.
Results: Of the infertile women, 57.33% experienced primary infertility, and 42.66% had secondary infertility, with the 26-30 age group being the most affected. A majority resided in rural areas (64.67%), followed Hinduism (87.33%), and 65.33% had at least a matriculation level of education. Most women were housewives (90%). Male partners exhibited addictive habits in 37.33% of cases. The study revealed the complexity of female infertility, with factors such as pelvic inflammatory disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, myoma of the uterus, uterine anomalies, endometriosis, and tubal pathology playing crucial roles.
Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of female infertility. It highlights the importance of tailored diagnosis and treatment approaches to address specific causes. The findings challenge assumptions about the correlation between demographic factors, such as religion, education, and occupation, and infertility outcomes. Male factors, particularly addictive habits, are also significant contributors to infertility. Further research is needed to gain a broader understanding of infertility factors in diverse populations.
Fertility outcomes in microdissection testicular sperm extraction for non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Mahour Simmi , Nair Sreelakshmy R.
Published: November 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate outcome of micro dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for treatment of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA).
Methods: We retrospectively analysed data of 96 consecutive patients with clinical NOA who were treated with micro TESE by single surgeon, between January 2022 and December 2022, in Lifeline superspeciality hospital Adoor, Kerela. Embryological and clinical outcomes were demonstrated based on ICSI-IVF cycles using fresh or frozen sperms, different etiologies of NOA and various counts of sperms retrieved.
Results: 96 men underwent micro TESE and 72.9% (70/96) of them had sperms retrieved. ICSI performed in 64 couples. Of those, 41 reached the stage of embryo transfer (ET). Of the couples who underwent embryo transferred, 18 (43%) resulted in biochemical pregnancies and 7 (17%) clinical pregnancies. There was a significant difference in the testicular volume and serum FSH levels between micro-TESE positive and negative groups (p=0.000). Retrieval rates were higher in group of men with normal testicular volume and FSH<12. Clinical pregnancy rate was around 11% in couples who had sperms retrieved by micro TESE. The sperm retrieval rates were higher in men with age <40 years. Similarly younger the female age more was the pregnancy rate. Out of various etiologies idiopathic NOA and Klinefelter syndrome had better sperm retrieval rate in our study which was statistically significant. Total fertilization rate and blasts rates were 79.7% and 51.6% out of ICSI.
Conclusions: Microdissection testicular sperm extraction is an effective treatment for NOA with higher rate of sperm retrieval and pregnancy rate. The increasing success rates over several years indicate the importance of surgical skill and laboratory staff experience.
Post operative wound gape in obstetric and gynaecological surgeries
Authors: Vijay Aswathi , Chilkund Jayanth , Siddhi Kore  , Saroj Kumari
Published: November 2023

Background: Despite advances made in asepsis, post operative wound infection is one of the major causes for increased postoperative morbidity and huge economic burden for patient and healthcare. This study was undertaken to identify risk factors for the post operative wound gaping in obstetrical and gynaecological surgeries.
Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya Shatabdi hospital, Govandi, Mumbai for the year 2022.
Results: 1611 cases were analysed that underwent various obstetrical and gynaecological surgeries. Post operative wound gaping incidence was 1.5 %. Most of the cases were seen in less than 34 years of age. 21% of cases reported with wound gaping and discharge within 5-7 days of surgery while 79% of cases reported gape after 7 days of surgery. 54% cases with wound gape were obstetric. The most commonly known associated risk factor was found to be diabetes mellitus (12.5%) followed by anaemia (8.3%), obesity (4.2%) and hypertension (4.2%). 62.49% of post operative surgical wound gape were multiparous. It is seen that in all these cases of wound gape the subcutaneous tissue was sutured separately as a layer with absorbable suture material- Vicryl no 1-0 or Vicryl no 2-0.
Conclusions: Factors affecting post operative wound gaping are diabetes mellitus, anaemia, hypertension, obesity, chemoprophylaxis given prior to surgery, surgical method of wound closure and type of surgery. Standard wound closure techniques, correction of the avoidable known risk factors would provide a better outcome.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes, and associated factors in isolated borderline oligohydramnios: a cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: S. Roshini , Gayathri
Published: November 2023

Background: Borderline oligohydramnios is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of borderline oligohydramnios on maternal and perinatal outcomes, focusing on mode of delivery, fetal distress, neonatal morbidity, and NICU admissions.
Methods: A cross sectional analytical study comprising 80 antenatal mothers (≥34 weeks) with borderline oligohydramnios was conducted at an Indian hospital. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and case record reviews. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed, including mode of onset and delivery, Apgar scores, NICU admissions, and neonatal morbidity.
Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 24.5 (2.1) years. Induced labor was prevalent (41%), with 7% of infants experiencing neonatal morbidity, mainly meconium aspiration and neonatal sepsis. About 60% (n=40) delivered a baby between a weight 2.5 to 3 kg, 63% (n=50) had APGAR score more than 7, 34% (n=27) admitted to neonatal intensive care units, and the main reason for NICU admission was fetal distress (n=44.4%). The reason for neonatal morbidity was meconium aspiration (5%) followed by neonatal sepsis (2.5%).  Non-reassuring NST and amniotic fluid nature significantly correlated with NICU admissions, while age and AFI influenced delivery mode.
Conclusions: Borderline oligohydramnios led to a high rate of induced labor, yet neonatal morbidity was relatively low. Non-reassuring NST and amniotic fluid nature significantly impacted NICU admissions. Further research on a larger scale is warranted to validate these findings for widespread implementation.
Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on infertility and other metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Asia
Authors: Rolin Israt Azmi
Published: November 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a very common endocrine and metabolic disorder in premenopausal women that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. According to recent studies, the prevalence of PCOS was found around 53%. Many studies showed that subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and PCOS share symptoms which can influence PCOS symptoms like infertility and hormonal changes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of SCH on infertility and other metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Asia. For this review work, after a literature search through PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, 5 relevant papers were identified for this systematic review. The publication time was limited to the most recent 10 years, from 2011 to 2022. This review considered quantitative research on PCOS and SCH and used evidence-based data to support the findings. Among the mentioned 5 studies, 3 were cross-sectional and 2 were case-control. The studies were conducted on 2 groups: the SCH-PCOS intervention group and the PCOS control group. For the quality assessment, Cochrane's software, review manager (RevMan) was used to eliminate duplicate studies and reduce bias. The systematic review was conducted on 1468 female patients and measured anthropometric parameters in both groups. Total cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), TSH, free testosterone levels, insulin resistance and menstrual irregularities were all higher in the SCH-PCOS group compared to the PCOS group, along with a p<0.001 for each of the parameters. Usually, SCH and PCOS share symptoms. In cholesterol, BMI, TSH, free testosterone levels, insulin resistance and menstrual irregularities there are significant correlations between SCH and PCOS. So, there are some potential impacts of SCH on infertility and other metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Asia.
A rare case of life threatening non-obstetric-non-traumatic vulvar-vaginal haematoma secondary to suspected spontaneous rupture of the right pudendal artery: surgical management in a reference hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Eze Innocent Okafor , Anyanyu Noble Chidiebere , Nzeribe-Abangwu Ugochi Ogbonneya , Igboezue Victor Cletus , Muhammed Rufai , Uzoho David Ugonna
Published: November 2023

Vulvar haematoma due to obstetrics and traumatic causes have been reported. However, non-obstetrics-non-traumatic vulvar-vaginal haematoma is very rare yet could be life threatening. Good management and outcome may be challenged by low index of suspicion, inexperience and lack of standard guideline for care. We report a rare case of life threatening non-obstetric-non-traumatic vulvar-vaginal haematoma secondary to suspected spontaneous rupture of the right pudendal artery in a 35-year-old woman which presented as emergency with diagnostic challenges and was successfully surgically managed. This report draws attention of clinicians to this rare but important clinical scenario which can present with diagnostic challenges. It further highlights different approaches to treatment but emphasizes surgical treatment as key to quick recovery with lesser morbidities.
Two case reports of accessory cavitated uterine mass-diagnostic challenges
Authors: Anitha A. , Vijayakrishnan Mala , Usha N. , P. Aruna , B. Sridevi
Published: November 2023

Accessory and cavitated uterine mass (ACUM) is a rare Mullerian duct anomaly of unknown incidence, affects young women. ACUM symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain (CPP) resistant to common analgesics and hormonal contraceptives. Here we report two ACUM cases in our hospital within one year of period with different clinical manifestations. The idea behind reporting this-cases is to increase awareness of the above entity and for concurrent surgical treatment.
Massive hydrosalpinx with torsion in second trimester of pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Kulshrestha Rupita
Published: November 2023

Acute abdominal pain in pregnancy can be due to obstetrical (preterm labour), gastrointestinal, urinary causes etc. Pregnancy with large adnexal masses are rare presentations. This is a case report about a woman presenting to emergency with 16 weeks and 5 days of gestation with acute pain abdomen. Diagnosis of coexisting huge adnexal mass was made with ultrasound. No response to conservative therapy forced us to do laparotomy which showed huge hydrosalpinx with 4 twists around its pedicle. This case report emphasizes the need to keep hydrosalpinx with torsion in a differential diagnosis for acute pain abdomen in second or third trimester, especially if pain is not relieved on conservative management.
Laparoscopic uterovaginal anastomosis for cervicovaginal agenesis
Authors: Joshi Jagrut , Gandhi Mahesh , Gandhi Joshi Meera
Published: November 2023

Cervico-vaginal agenesis is an extremely uncommon mullerian abnormality. Therefore, we describe a case of a female patient, age 21, known case of cervico-vaginal agenesis presented with cyclic abdominal pain and vomiting. She underwent three surgeries for vaginal correction to drain haemometra. She underwent Laparoscopic uterovaginal anastomosis. After surgery, the patient experienced regular menstrual cycles without dysmenorrhea. On follow-up, hysteroscopy showed a patent anastomosis, vagina was completely healed and she continued to have regular menstrual cycles.
Microperforated hymen with pregnancy presenting at term: an accidental diagnosis
Authors: Bulusu Ratna , Reddy Swati A. , Lakshmi Vijaya
Published: November 2023

Anatomic variations of the patent hymen exist, the most common configuration having a central orifice. Difficulty in inserting a tampon or the inability to achieve vaginal intercourse in an adolescent is the typical presenting symptom of incomplete hymenal obstruction. Here, a case is reported wherein the patient presented with normal pregnancy at term with an apparently intact hymen. Later in labour, a microperforate hymen (MH) was noted. An emergency lower segment caesarean section along with hymenectomy was performed.
Postoperative acute parotitis after cesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia: a rare entity
Authors: Shenoy Kavitha V. , N. Usha , Srinivasan T. R.
Published: November 2023

Postoperative acute painless parotid gland swelling, which is a rare complication has been reported after caesarian section (CS) under neuraxial anaesthesia. Here, we present a parturient who suffered from acute parotitis, which developed after elective repeat CS under spinal anaesthesia.
Non-verbal communication skills among teaching staff and medical students in a medical educational Institution in Khammam, Telangana, India
Authors: Veerapu Nagapraveen , Swaminathan Priscilla S. , Nallamotu Varun C.
Published: November 2023

Background: Non-verbal communication is generally defined as the aspect of communication that is not expressed in words. Through the use of non-verbal communication, teachers can draw student’s attention to more understanding and motivate students, and even bring excitement to the boredom students. Effective communication improves patient satisfaction. The objectives were to assess and to compare non-verbal communication skills among medical teaching staff and the students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to August 2022 in an educational institution. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was downloaded from Questmeraki website. The questions on non-verbal communication skills were quantified on a five-point Likert scale. The participants scores were categorized and compared.
Results: As per the scores scored for non-verbal communication skills, among the teaching staff, 85.7% scored good score, and 14.3% scored excellent. Among the students, 82.1 scored good score, and 14.5% scored excellent. Though the teaching staff scored better than the students, the difference was not significant (p=0.068).
Conclusions: It is necessary for the teaching staff and the students to practice and learn effective communication skills, so that, it helps in successful interaction with the students and the patients, and among themselves.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in HIV infected cases and its association with CD4 count in Silchar medical college and hospital
Authors: Bhattacharjee Barnamoy , Dhar Chanda Debadatta
Published: November 2023

Background: Toxoplasmosis caused by the intracellular coccidian parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one the most common AIDS defining condition in HIV infection. It may produce fatal consequences if gains upper hand in immunocompromised states like HIV infection or due to reactivation of latent disease or new infection. Toxoplasma encephalitis, affecting 15-40% of world’s PLHIV, is the most common opportunistic parasitic co-morbidity conventionally when CD4 count falls below 200/µl. But there has also been reports of asymptomatic toxoplasma IgG seropositivity in PLHIV with CD4 count in the range of 200-500/µl. This study was carried out to find the prevalence of Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity and to determine the association of Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity with CD4 count in HIV infected cases in south Assam.
Methods: The 200 HIV infected cases with CD4 count <500/µl attending ICTC, ART centre and various clinical departments were screened by Toxoplasma IgG ELISA over 1 year.
Result: It was found that 94 HIV infected cases were seropositive for Toxoplasma IgG and in which CD4 count was significantly less than 200/µl in 54% cases and in the range of 200-500/µl in remaining 46% cases.
Conclusions: This sero-surveillance revealed anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in 47% cases. IgG seropositivity was significantly higher in cases on ART and in females with history of first trimester abortion. The finding of this study calls for initiation of prophylaxis against Toxoplasma routinely even in HIV cases of this region with CD4count in 200-500/µl range as quite good proportion of Toxoplasma seropositive HIV cases have CD4 count in this range apart from the conventionally vulnerable group with CD4 count below 200/µl.
Numbness and bleeding from the ear following inferior alveolar nerve block: report of a case
Authors: Das Joy R. , Vinod Vichattu Sankar , George Arun , James Jinu Elizabeth , Paul Sarah
Published: November 2023

The inferior alveolar nerve block is a Mandibular nerve block given to anesthetize the mandibular teeth. Due to its proximity to other nerves and muscles and salivary glands it has many complications if the technique in which it is given is wrong. IANB usually presents with mild or minimal complications following it’s administration. The complications that arise are usually reversible when the action of the local anaesthetic wears off. These complications are usually associated with improper technique and anatomical variations, which can be rectified there itself with slight modifications. This is a very rare complication which has been reported where the patient has experienced numbness of the auricle on the side of inferior alveolar injection which lasted for an hour. This is seen due to the accidental anesthetic injection to the auriculotemporal nerve resulting in numbness. To perform successful inferior alveolar nerve blocks it is mandatory to be familiar with anatomical landmarks. Proper technique can reduce the complications.
Comparative study of surgical management of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Ambore Vinaya , K. B. Vismaya , Rashid Rihan
Published: November 2023

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterised by irreversible, progressive destruction of pancreatic tissue, with progressive fibrosis of pancreas, leading to progressive loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. Chronic pancreatitis is characterised by the patient complaining of relentless pain abdomen with its radiation to the back, the history of persistent vomiting, which forces the patient to take. The surgical procedure can be carried out either via open approach or laparoscopically. The purpose of this thesis is to study the various methods of how surgical management can be provided to the patients and to compare the outcomes of these methods in terms of the length of the patient’s hospital stays and various intra op and post op complications.
Methods: A total of 50 patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis undergoing elective pancreaticojejunostomy in Grant government medical college, Mumbai during the time period of October 2020 to September 2022 were included in this prospective cohort study.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 36.6 years, and significant improvement was seen in laparoscopic method with mean blood loss of 104 ml, initiation of enteral nutrition of 4 days and average length of hospital stay being 8 days.
Conclusions: This work significantly advances our understanding of various operative techniques of pancreatojejunostomy laparoscopic and open. This study aims to study the various advantages and disadvantages of one technique over the other.
Gallstone ileus, controversies on current surgical management
Authors: Madrid Ruíz José Francisco , Hidalgo Artiaga Karen Elena , Baéz León Asdrúbal Samuel , Aguilar José Manuel De Gante , Ora Omar Maximiliano Ortiz De
Published: November 2023

Among the causes of bowel obstruction, the gallstone ileus represents a rare etiology in the general population, however, the incidence of cases increases in older adults. To make its diagnosis, a high clinical suspicion and extension studies are required. It is considered a surgical emergency, although the ideal approach continues to be debated today. We present the case of a 78-year-old patient with clinical and imaging findings compatible with gallstone ileus, the diagnostic and therapeutic approach, as well as a wide review of the literature about current surgical option.
Socio-Political Status of Women in Egypt during President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi’s Rule
Authors: Konstantinova Daria
Published: November 2023

Egypt is considered to be the birthplace of the feminist movement in the Arab East, because the first women's activists began their activities in this country, and later the first women's organizations were founded. The events of the Arab Spring of 2011 had a significant impact on the entire region of the Arab East: some Arab countries embarked on the path of democratization, including in the field of solving the “women’s issue”. After the political changes of 2011 2014 Egyptian women have also faced numerous difficulties and obstacles in various spheres of life. In this paper, the author examined the socio-political status of women in Egypt under the current President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. The paper analyzes the legal foundations of women's participation in the activities of state bodies and political parties, namely international documents and articles of the Egyptian Constitution of 2014 related to this topic. Moreover, comparative statistics on the number of women in the national Parliament are provided. The article also described the activities of gender-oriented institutions in the context of the political empowerment of Egyptian women, including the goals and directions of the “National Strategy for the Empowerment of Egyptian Women 2030: Vision and Pillars”, additional annex to the country's strategy “Egypt Vision 2030”. The author drew conclusions about the role of the Egyptian women, the degree of their participation in the socio-political life of modern Egypt, as well as about the main difficulties, among which, first of all, in society stood out the problems of low awareness of the population about gender issues and insufficient funding of programs. In conclusion, suggestions were made about the prospects for expanding the female presence in the political sphere of the country.
Baron R. F. von Ungern-Sternberg as the God of War: Historical and Religious Grounds
Authors: Mitruev Bembya
Published: November 2023

Baron Roman F. von Ungern-Sternberg (1886–1921) was famous White Army warlord of the Russian Civil War. In 1921, he liberated Outer Mongolia from Chinese occupation and restored her independence. In publications he is often called the God of War, the White God of War, etc. Possible reasons for these designations are analyzed in this paper. It seems that sporadic information in memoirs and some memories still existing in Mongolia, which serves as the basis for this, may be corresponded with the data of Mongolian scholar B. Rinchen, which remain little known so far. Comparison of his information with other data speaks in favor of the association with Gesar considering the God of War, because the appearance of Ungern (“the White Hero”), advancing with his troops from the north, liberated Outer Mongolia and, in particular, her capital city, whose patron is Dharmapala Jamsaran, who was associated with Gesar in some Buddhist representations of the Mongols. In addition, the association with Gesar was promoted by the goal repeatedly proclaimed by Ungern, the restoration of the Manchu Emperor, whose patron was considered Gesar. Finally, Ungern could be associated with Gesar also because in Mongolia and in the campaign to Siberia, the Baron was lightly wounded only once or twice, although he participated in many battles. Narrative data are discussed.
Tibetan Buddhism in Kangra Valley: History and Modernity. Part II
Authors: Chelysheva Irina P.
Published: November 2023

The second part of the paper (see Part I [Челышева, 2023]) reveals the role of legendary Rewalsar lake in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, underlines the role of mahasiddha’s ancient spiritual tradition in the formation of its teachings. Detailed description of monasteries, located on its banks are also provided. Apart from this the author dwells upon the history and present life of the most significant contemporary Buddhist monasteries in Kangra Valley. The description of their religious life and practice, based on personal impressions, are provided. Parallel to this the author traces the process of these religious centers’ incorporation into new cultural, social and confessional background. Article is based on the personal impressions of the author’s several trips to this region in the late 1990s — beginning of 2000s and supplemented by personal photos.
ROCAS VOLCÁNICAS CENOZOICAS EN LA REGIÓN DEL CERREJÓN, SERRANÍA DE PERIJÁ, DEPARTAMENTO DE LA GUAJIRA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Galvis Vergara Jaime , Huguett Granados Alcides , Pomares A Javier
Published: November 2023

En la información geológica referente a vecindades de las minas de carbón del Cerrejón, en el departamento de La Guajira, Colombia, hay menciones de una espesa secuencia de rocas metamórficas y sedimentarias, pertenecientes al lapso comprendido entre el precámbrico y el Cenozoico tardío. Las pocas referencias acerca de rocas magmáticas se refieren a vulcanitas del Jura-triásico.
THE COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE GENOMIC RNA OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS STRAIN NL4
Authors: Bravo Enrique , Calvert Lee A. , Morales Francisco J.
Published: November 2023

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of the NL4 strain of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV-NL4) was determined. The viral genome is 10037 nucleotides in length, excluding the 3’ terminal poly (A) tail, and contains a single open reading frame (ORF) of 9666 nucleotides encoding a polyprotein of 3222 amino acids.  The ORF is flanked by 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of 133 and 235 nucleotides, respectively. Comparative analyses of the predicted BCMV-NL4 polyprotein with other species of the genus Potyvirus revealed nine cleavage sites resulting in ten functional proteins. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities indicated a close relationship between BCMV-NL4 and BCMV-NL1. Blast comparisons using coat protein (CP) and 3’UTR sequences showed 100% identity between BCMV-NL4 and the Mexican variant (US6) of this strain.
COMPORTAMIENTO EN EL INFINITO DE LAS SOLUCIONES DE UNA CLASE ABSTRACTA DE ECUACIONES DE EVOLUCIÓN
Authors: Arenas Díaz Gilberto , Lamos Díaz H. , Villamizar Roa Elder Jesús
Published: November 2023

Basados en técnicas conocidas para el análisis de la existencia de soluciones débiles de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes, estudiamos varios aspectos del comportamiento en el infinito de las soluciones de una clase abstracta de ecuaciones de evolución en un espacio de Hilbert separable, la cual generaliza varios modelos de ecuaciones de la mecánica de los fluidos. En particular, se estudia la existencia y unicidad de soluciones globales, la existencia de un atractor global y la convergencia para las soluciones estacionarias asociadas
EVALUACIÓN DEL ESTADO DE POBLACIONES DE BAGRE RAYADO PSEUDOPLATYSTOMA MAGDALENIATUM EN LA CUENCA MEDIA DEL RÍO MAGDALENA DURANTE LA TEMPORADA DE SUBIENDA DEL 2004
Authors: Arce Hernández Mariangeles
Published: November 2023

Se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre el bagre rayado Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum (Buitrago-Suárez & Burr, 2007) en la cuenca media del río Magdalena, específicamente en los municipios de Honda, La Dorada, Puerto Boyacá, Puerto Berrío y Barrancabermeja durante los meses de enero y febrero de 2004. La situación de esta especie en la cuenca es grave desde la década de los setenta debido al decrecimiento de las poblaciones y a la disminución de la talla media de captura. Se encontró una curva de crecimiento que responde a un coeficiente de alometría positivo directamente relacionado con el hecho de que los ejemplares analizados se encuentran en un proceso de migración, la proporción de sexos fue de 1:1 y casi la mitad de los individuos analizados se encontraron en estado de maduración gonadal I. El presente estudio permitió verificar la constante amenaza sobre la especie evidenciada en la baja talla de captura manejada por los pescadores. Los resultados sugieren la posible existencia de una población diferenciada morfométricamente en la zona de Honda, pero es necesario verificar dicha información mediante nuevos estudios en la misma zona.
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE BASINS LA LAUCHA. LA LEJIA AND LA RASTROJERA USING AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRALES AS BIOINDICATORS, MUNICIPIO DE DURANIA, DEPARTAMENTO DE NOR­TE DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA
Authors: Contreras Jairo , Roldán Gabriel , Arango Alexandra , Álvarez Luisa Fernanda
Published: November 2023

From june to september 2004 a water research was carried out in six stations that are located at the following microbasins: La Laucha (S1), La Lejía (S2, S3 and S6), and La Rastrojera (S4 and S5), those microbasins are localized at the Durania municipality in Norte de Santander department. This study was carried out in order to evaluate water quality at the microbasins above mentioned using macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. For physical, chemical and microbiological parameters a sample was taken at each station. The results were correlated with biologic parameters and it may be concluded that the station 5 closer to the town of Durania is the most polluted by organic matter and that those stations that belong to the ritral zone are less contaminated. The final result showed that the stations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 have conditions that can be classified as very clear to clear water and station 5 presents high contamination level.
DESARROLLO DE POLLUELOS Y COMPORTAMIENTO MATERNAL DEL OREJIVIOLETA VENTRIAZUL Colibri coruscans (TROCHILIDAE) EN UN ÁREA PERIURBANA DE LA CIUDAD DE CUENCA, ECUADOR
Authors: Vásquez Ávila Bernarda
Published: November 2023

El Orejivioleta Ventriazul Colibri coruscans es una especie común y de amplia distribución en los Andes, sobre la cual existe poca información de historia natural. En este trabajo presento observaciones de campo sobre el desarrollo morfológico de dos polluelos de C. coruscans en un ambiente periurbano de la ciudad de Cuenca, provincia del Azuay. En mayo de 2022 tomé datos del peso y de la longitud alar de dos polluelos de C. coruscans en un jardín privado en la parroquia de San Joaquín. Además, observé el comportamiento de los polluelos y de la madre. No observé la eclosión de los huevos, y empecé a tomar las medidas de las crías a partir del probable quinto día de edad. A los 5 días de edad, los polluelos pesaban 6,31 gr en promedio y su longitud alar fue de 2,3 cm en promedio. Los polluelos estuvieron bastante inactivos en la primera semana desde la eclosión. Los cañones de las plumas de las alas estaban cerrados y su plumón era de color pardo. En la segunda semana desde la eclosión, los polluelos empezaron a ser más activos, aleteaban y se acicalaban; los cañones de las alas y de las rectrices empezaron a emerger, y algunas plumas corporales azules estaban presentes. Luego de su segunda semana, los polluelos empezaron a explorar los alrededores del nido; a veces se perchaban en el borde del nido o en una rama cercana. Durante 14 días de observación, la hembra fue más activa en las mañanas, alimentando a sus polluelos máximo c. 20 veces/hora. En las tardes fue menos activa, alimentando a sus polluelos solo una vez por hora. Uno de los polluelos creció un 4% más rápido que su hermano y tuvo un desarrollo más rápido de sus plumas azules. El polluelo más grande abandonó el nido a los 19 días de la probable eclosión y el polluelo más pequeño a los 21 días. Información de la historia natural de especies urbanas y periurbanas es necesaria para entender su ecología en estos paisajes antropogénicos.
SIXTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR ECUADORIAN RECORDS IN ORNITHOLOGY (CERO)
Authors: Sanchez Nivicela Manuel , Freile Juan , Olmstead Scott , Athanas Nick , Brinkhuizen Dušan , Navarrete Lelis , Nilsson Jonas , Greenfield Paul
Published: November 2023

We present new distribution records of birds from Ecuador that have been evaluated by the Committee for Ecuadorian Records in Ornithology (CERO) between October 2019 and November 2021. We incorporate records of three new species in the national list: Hydrocoloeus minutus and Pterodroma externa from Galapagos, and Tachycineta leucorrhoa from mainland Ecuador. In addition, we include documented records of rare or infrequent species in mainland Ecuador, the Galapagos archipelago and the country’s territorial sea, which include seven species considered hypothetical, rare, and erratic throughout Ecuador: Netta erythrophthalma, Limnodromus scolopaceus, Pluvialis fulva, Chroicocephalus philadelphia, Spheniscus humboldti, Egretta rufescens, and Tyrannus dominicensis. We present the first documentation of two species in Ecuadorian territory, Numenius americanus and Macronectes halli from the mainland and territorial sea, respectively. In addition, we include 16 species considered hypothetical or accidental in Galapagos: Sarkidiornis sylvicola, Spatula clypeata, Phoenicopterus chilensis, Fulica americana, Limosa fedoa, Calidris canutus, Calidris subruficollis, Stercorarius parasiticus, Larus belcheri, Pelagodroma marina, Ardenna creatopus, Butorides virescens, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, Catharus ustulatus, Quiscalus mexicanus, and Parkesia noveboracensis. We also include notable records for both the mainland and Galapagos of Spatula cyanoptera, Thalasseus sandvicensis, Neocrex erythrops, Sula leucogaster, Ardea herodias, Butorides virescens, Buteo swainsoni, Pipreola jucunda, Protonotaria citrea, Geothlypis philadelphia, and Cacicus latirostris. Finally, we validated distributional expansions of nine species: Dendrocygna autumnalis, Cairina moschata, Sarkidiornis sylvicola, Anas georgica, Aramus guarauna, Attagis gayi, Nycticorax nycticorax, Eudocimus ruber, and Paroaria gularis. Likewise, we evaluated 12 records that were not accepted based on erroneous identifications and 5 records whose acceptance was postponed because of insufficient descriptive support. Lastly, we discuss records of Aix galericulata and Spheniscus magellanicus, both correctly identified and well documented, but possibly originated by human intervention. After this review and update by CERO, the national list of birds of Ecuador totals 1722 species: 1673 confirmed documented with evidence and 49 species that still require solid voucher evidence.
Trabajo, producción de cuidado y subjetividad en salud
Authors: Franco Túlio Batista , Merhy Emerson Elias
Published: November 2023

El libro reúne la producción sobre el trabajo en salud y representa la sistematización de las premisas sobre el modo de producción del cuidado. Cuando observamos las prácticas en salud percibimos cuánto hay para deconstruir y construir en este campo, pues la hegemonía ejercida por el modelo biomédico, sustentada por la presión del capital y su poder de subjetivación, actúa como líneas de fuerza que agencian los actos profesionales. Este libro pretende ser una herramienta de trabajo para el cambio en salud en su aspecto esencial: su modo de producción. La micropolítica es central en el modelado de los servicios de salud y su modo de producción. Así lo entendemos nosotros al proponer la ruptura del modelo actual, pero también es entendido así por el mercado que actúa en el campo de la salud y opera fuertemente sobre su imaginario, promoviendo el consumo de productos y procedimientos, interesados en la escala y la rentabilidad. La micropolítica de los modos de producción del cuidado es el campo de grandes disputas por el modelado de los servicios y las prácticas de cuidado que tienen como centro el trabajo.