bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An implementation research programme to support an intravenous iron intervention for pregnant women with moderate and severe anaemia in Malawi: study protocol
Authors: Prang Khic-Houy , Mamani-Mategula Elisabeth , Verbunt Ebony , Chipeta Effie , Ataide Ricardo , Mwangi Martin , Phiri Kamija , Pasricha Sant-Rayn , Kelaher Margaret , Manda-Taylor Lucinda
Published: June 2022

Background

Antenatal iron supplementation is critical to maternal and child health; however, access and adherence to oral iron are inconsistent in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Modern intravenous (IV) iron products have become available in high-income clinical settings and provide an opportunity to deliver high doses of iron in a single-short infusion during pregnancy. However, there is limited knowledge of the drivers and barriers for such an intervention to be effectively delivered and upscaled in LMICs. In this study protocol, we describe the implementation research programme to support an IV iron intervention in Malawi for pregnant women with moderate and severe anaemia.

Methods

The implementation research programme has three phases, each guided by implementation science conceptual frameworks. In Phase 1, we will conduct formative research (context assessment of the health system with key informant interviews) to determine how IV iron can be effectively introduced into routine antenatal care. We will use the findings to co-develop potential strategies with end-users and healthcare providers to improve intervention implementation. In Phase 2, we will disseminate the implementation strategies to support the uptake and delivery of the intervention in the study settings. In Phase 3, the intervention will be implemented, and we will conduct formative evaluation (interviews with end-users, healthcare providers, and analysis of health services data) to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and strategies. We will also identify processes and contextual factors that facilitate or impede the delivery and uptake of IV iron.

Discussion

In LMICs, modern IV iron products present a novel opportunity to rapidly cure moderate and severe anaemia in pregnancy, thereby improving maternal and child health outcomes. This implementation research programme will provide guidance and recommendations on how best an IV iron intervention for pregnant women with anaemia can be implemented in an LMIC setting like Malawi. We will develop locally relevant and culturally appropriate implementation strategies by engaging with key stakeholders (pregnant women, healthcare providers, and policymakers) and identifying factors likely to facilitate successful implementation. The findings of this research can guide the implementation of an IV iron intervention in Malawi and other LMICs.
Interference in a Neutralizing Antibody Assay for Odronextamab, a CD20xCD3 Bispecific mAb, from Prior Rituximab Therapy and Possible Mitigation Strategy
Authors: Irvin Susan C. , D’Orvilliers Amanda , Bloch Nicolin , Boccio Kayla , Pennucci Jason , Brouwer-Visser Jurriaan , Ullman Erica , Rajadhyaksha Manoj , Hassanein Mohamed , Potocky Terra , Torri Albert , Hermann Aynur , Partridge Michael A.
Published: June 2022

A cell-based assay was developed to detect neutralizing anti-drug antibodies (NAbs) against odronextamab, a CD20xCD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody (mAb) under investigation for treatment of CD20+ B cell malignancies. In this assay, odronextamab bridges between two cell types, CD20-expressing HEK293 cells and CD3-expressing Jurkat T cells that generate a luciferase signal upon CD3 clustering. Patient samples containing NAbs directed to either arm of the bispecific drug block the odronextamab bridge formation between the cell lines thus preventing the generation of the luciferase signal. We determined that other anti-CD20 therapeutics also block bridge formation, resulting in false-positive results. In patient samples from odronextamab clinical trials, approximately 30% of baseline samples had a strong false-positive NAb signal that correlated with the presence of prior rituximab (anti-CD20) therapy. We determined that rituximab interference can be minimized by the addition of anti-rituximab antibodies in the NAb assay. Understanding and mitigating the impact of prior biologic exposure is increasingly important for implementing a successful bioanalytical strategy to support clinical drug development, especially in the immuno-oncology field.

Graphical Abstract

Odronextamab neutralizing antibody assay, interference, and mitigation. A Design of the odronextamab neutralizing antibody (NAb) assay where anti-CD20xCD3 drug bridges between CD20-expressing HEK293 cells and Jurkat T cells expressing an NFAT response element and luciferase reporter. True NAb prevents odronextamab from bridging between target and effector cells, thus preventing the expression of luciferase. B Interference with odronextamab from other anti-CD20 therapeutic antibodies (e.g., rituximab) from prior disease treatment generates a false-positive NAb result. Assay interference can be mitigated with an anti-idiotypic antibody against the interfering therapy.
Dissipative solitons in magnetized anisotropic plasma
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Khan Hayat
Published: June 2022

The propagation of ion-acoustic (IA) dissipative solitons (DSs) is investigated in magnetized plasma with the presence of pressure anisotropy and Maxwellian distributed electrons. A nonlinear damped Korteweg-de Vries (d-KdV) type equation is derived for the potential by employing the reductive perturbation method (RPM) and its dissipative soliton solution is analyzed. The effect of plasma parameters like parallel anisotropic ion pressure p
1, perpendicular anisotropic ion pressure p
2, obliqueness l
3, ion-neutral collisional parameter γ and magnetic field strength Ω on the characteristics of DSs are investigated. The present investigation could be useful in space and astrophysical plasma systems.
The Influence of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Leakage and Oxygenation Using a Laryngeal Mask Airway: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ullmann Hannah , Renziehausen Laura , Geil Dominik , Sponholz Christoph , Thomas-Rüddel Daniel , Völker Maria Theresa , Pietsch Uta , Krug Natalie , Bercker Sven
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

The value of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in maintaining oxygenation during ventilation with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) mask is unclear. To clarify the potential benefit or harm to PEEP application during positive pressure ventilation with a ProSeal LMA® mask, we compared the effect of PEEP versus zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) on gas leakage and oxygenation. We hypothesized that a PEEP of 8 mbar (8.2 cm H2O) would be associated with an increased incidence of gas leakage compared to ZEEP.

METHODS:

We designed a prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blinded, multicenter clinical trial. Patients >18 years of age with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I/II without increased risk of aspiration were enrolled if they were scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with an LMA mask. Patients were randomized to a control group managed with ZEEP or an intervention group managed with a PEEP of 8 mbar. Both groups received positive pressure ventilation. The primary end point was the occurrence of gas leakage. The Student t test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 174 patients were enrolled in the ZEEP group, and 208 were enrolled in the PEEP group. The incidence of gas leakage did not differ between the 2 groups (ZEEP: 23/174, 13.2%; PEEP: 42/208, 20.2%; P = .071; odds ratio [OR], 1.611; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.954–2.891). However, more patients required reseating of the LMA mask in the PEEP group (ZEEP: 5/174, 2.9%; PEEP: 18/208, 8.7%; P = .018; OR, 3.202; 95% CI, 1.164–8.812). The need for endotracheal intubation did not differ between groups (ZEEP: 2/174, 1.1%; PEEP: 7/208, 3.4%; P = .190; OR, 2.995; 95% CI, 0.614–14.608). After positive pressure ventilation for 25 minutes, the mean peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo
2) was higher in the PEEP than in the ZEEP group (98.5 [1.9]% vs 98.0 [1.4]%; P = .01). Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP; 16 [2] vs 12 [4] mbar; P < .001) and dynamic compliance (57 [14] vs 49 [14] mL/mbar; P < .001) were both higher in the PEEP group than in the ZEEP group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of PEEP did not affect the overall incidence of gas leakage. However, PEEP did result in a higher incidence of attempts to reseat the LMA mask compared to ZEEP, whereas the incidence of rescue intubation did not differ between groups. We concluded that a PEEP of 8 mbar did not increase overall gas leakage during positive pressure ventilation with an LMA mask, but it did slightly improve gas exchange and compliance. Overall, our study does not provide strong arguments for using PEEP during ventilation with an LMA mask in elective surgery.
Case Series on Removal of Subdural to Peritoneal Shunt After Resolution of Subdural Collection in the First 2 Years of Life
Authors: Erwood Andrew , Wheelus Jennifer , Nguyen Khoi , Reisner Andrew , Chern Joshua J.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

Subdural to peritoneal shunt (SPS) placement is an established treatment option for chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) in the pediatric population. Practice patterns vary between institutions, with some advocating shunt removal while others leave the SPS in place after SDH resolution. There remain a paucity of data to document the safety and outcomes after removal of SPS.

OBJECTIVE:

To support the safety and efficacy of SPS placement and subsequent removal for chronic SDH in children younger than 2 years.

METHODS:

A total of 26 patients younger than 2 years underwent SPS removal procedures over a 5-year period from 2015 to 2019 at a single institution. Patient characteristics, hospital course, and outcomes were prospectively recorded in the hospital electronic medical record. Attention was given to change in head circumference, size of subdural collection, need for reoperation, or complications because of shunt removal.

RESULTS:

Patients who underwent SPS placement presented with macrocephaly, signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, and radiographical evidence of subdural collections. The most common etiology of chronic SDH was nonaccidental head trauma (18 of 26 patients). SDS was kept in place for an average of 10 months. Resolution of SDH was demonstrated on imaging for all 26 patients. One patient did require reinsertion of SPS 2 weeks after SPS removal.

CONCLUSION:

Removal of SPS remains controversial, and careful consideration of patient, family, and provider preferences and potential risks associated with SPS removal must be taken into consideration.
A CDK activity buffer ensures mitotic completion
Authors: Basu Souradeep , Patterson James O. , Zeisner Theresa U. , Nurse Paul
Published: June 2022

The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven by the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDK activity rises over 50-fold during the cell cycle, from a low level in G1 to a high level in mitosis. However, it is not known whether the entire range of CDK activity is necessary for cell cycle progression, or whether cells can tolerate a reduction in CDK activity level. Here, in fission yeast, we show that sublethal CDK inhibition lengthens the time cells spend in mitosis but does not cause misordering of mitotic events. Maximum attainable CDK activity exceeds the amount necessary for mitosis, and thus forms a CDK activity buffer between sufficient and maximal possible CDK activities. This CDK activity buffer is needed for mitotic completion when CDK activity is compromised, and CDK inhibition only becomes lethal to cells when this buffer is exhausted. Finally, we explore what factors influence this CDK activity buffer, and find that it is influenced by CDK-counteracting phosphatases. Therefore, maximum attainable CDK activity is not necessary for mitosis but provides robustness to CDK activity reduction to ensure mitotic completion.
Evaluation of perturbed iron-homeostasis in a prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Frost Joe N. , Hamilton Fergus , Arnold David , Elvers Karen T. , Shah Akshay , Armitage Andrew E. , Milne Alice , McKernon Jorgen , Attwood Marie , Chen Yi-Ling , Xue Luzheng , Youngs Jonathan , Provine Nicholas M. , Bicanic Tihana , Klenerman Paul , Drakesmith Hal , Ghazal Peter
Published: June 2022

Background: Marked reductions in serum iron concentrations are commonly induced during the acute phase of infection. This phenomenon, termed hypoferremia of inflammation, leads to inflammatory anemia, but could also have broader pathophysiological implications. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hypoferremia is associated with disease severity and poorer outcomes, although there are few reported cohorts.

Methods: In this study, we leverage a well characterised prospective cohort of hospitalised COVID-19 patients and perform a set of analyses focussing on iron and related biomarkers and both acute severity of COVID-19 and longer-term symptomatology.

Results: We observed no associations between acute serum iron and long-term outcomes (including fatigue, breathlessness or quality of life); however, lower haemoglobin was associated with poorer quality of life. We also quantified iron homeostasis associated parameters, demonstrating that among 50 circulating mediators of inflammation IL-6 concentrations were strongly associated with serum iron, consistent with its central role in inflammatory control of iron homeostasis. Surprisingly, we observed no association between serum hepcidin and serum iron concentrations. We also observed elevated erythroferrone concentrations in COVID-19 patients with anaemia of inflammation.

Conclusions: These results enhance our understanding of the regulation and pathophysiological consequences of disturbed iron homeostasis during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
BOARD ETHNICITY AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING
Authors: Osayantin Aifuwa Hope , Kamaldeen Usman Muhammed , Lawal Subair Muhammed , Temidayo Philip Gideon , Hussien Kerimu
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between board ethnicity and sustainability reporting of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria from the period 2013–2020. The study examined the impact board members’ interaction from major and minor ethnic groups have on the sustainability reporting of listed deposit money banks. Secondary data was collected from annual reports and account of listed deposit money banks from the Nigeria Stock Exchange website. Results from the panel least squares regression revealed that the proportion of directors from HAUSA ethnic group have a positive influence on sustainability reporting; while the proportion of directors from YORUBA ethnic group negatively affects sustainability reporting. Furthermore, on the example of major and minor ethnic groups, it was found that the presence of directors from HAUSA and YORUBA ethnic groups; and HAUSA, YORUBA, IGBO and MINOR ethnic groups have negative and significant impact on sustainability reporting of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study concluded that banks should employ the services of directors from both major and minor ethnic groups to improve the extent of sustainability reporting. Also, financial institutions, specifically deposit money banks should increase the representation of directors from IGBO and MINOR ethnic groups.
BANKING EFFICIENCY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS IN GCC COUNTRIES
Authors: Ben Slimen Rihab , Belhaj Fethi , Hadriche Manel , Ghroubi Mohamed
Published: June 2022

This research aims at comparing the efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks operating in the GCC countries from 2006 to 2015 for a sample of 51 conventional and 48 Islamic banks using stochastic frontier analysis and the CIR ratio. The results show that Islamic banks are less efficient in terms of cost than conventional banks, and that this result remains valid even during the 2008 crisis period and even after controlling for bank-specific variables. Regarding the determinants of bank efficiency, empirical results show that capital adequacy and size positively affect bank efficiency as measured by the stochastic frontier analysis. Results also indicate that productive assets are negatively related to efficiency as measured by the CIR ratio. This study provides new insights in terms of financial efficiency of the banking system. Findings could help Islamic and conventional banks to increase their efficiency and their performance and improve the service provided to customers.
An Asymptotically Tight Learning Algorithm for Mobile-Promotion Platforms
Authors: Feng Zhichao , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh , Qi Anyan
Published: June 2022

Operating under both supply-side and demand-side uncertainties, a mobile-promotion platform conducts advertising campaigns for individual advertisers. Campaigns arrive dynamically over time, which is divided into seasons; each campaign requires the platform to deliver a target number of mobile impressions from a desired set of locations over a desired time interval. The platform fulfills these campaigns by procuring impressions from publishers, who supply advertising space on apps via real-time bidding on ad exchanges. Each location is characterized by its win curve, that is, the relationship between the bid price and the probability of winning an impression at that bid. The win curves at the various locations of interest are initially unknown to the platform, and it learns them on the fly based on the bids it places to win impressions and the realized outcomes. Each acquired impression is allocated to one of the ongoing campaigns. The platform’s objective is to minimize its total cost (the amount spent in procuring impressions and the penalty incurred due to unmet targets of the campaigns) over the time horizon of interest. Our main result is a bidding and allocation policy for this problem. We show that our policy is the best possible (asymptotically tight) for the problem using the notion of regret under a policy, namely the difference between the expected total cost under that policy and the optimal cost for the clairvoyant problem (i.e., one in which the platform has full information about the win curves at all the locations in advance): The lower bound on the regret under any policy is of the order of the square root of the number of seasons, and the regret under our policy matches this lower bound. We demonstrate the performance of our policy through numerical experiments on a test bed of instances whose input parameters are based on our observations at a real-world mobile-promotion platform.

This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4441 .
Monitoring Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall Forecasts
Authors: Hoga Yannick , Demetrescu Matei
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces formal monitoring procedures as a risk-management tool. Continuously monitoring risk forecasts allows practitioners to swiftly review and update their forecasting procedures as soon as forecasts turn inadequate. Similarly, regulators may take timely action in case reported risk forecasts become poor. Extant (one-shot) backtests require, however, that all data are available prior to testing and are not informative of when inadequacies might have occurred. To monitor value-at-risk and expected shortfall forecasts “online”—that is, as new observations become available—we construct sequential testing procedures. We derive the exact finite-sample distributions of the proposed procedures and discuss the suitability of asymptotic approximations. Simulations demonstrate good behavior of our exact procedures in finite samples. An empirical application to major stock indices during the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the economic benefits of our monitoring approach.

This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.

Funding: Y. Hoga gratefully acknowledges support of the German Research Foundation [Grant HO 6305/1-1].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4460 .
Early Reservation for Follow-up Appointments in a Slotted-Service Queue
Authors: Ding Yichuan , Gupta Diwakar , Tang Xiaoxu
Published: June 2022

Shall Follow-up Appointments Be Booked in Advance?

Appointment systems are ubiquitous, especially in healthcare. By looking into a large data set with over 1.6 million appointments, we observe that many doctors booked a follow-up appointment at the end of their meeting with their patients. This strategy ensures that the patients would follow up but at the risk that the patient may not show up and the appointment ends being wasted. We develop a slotted-service queue model to study if and when such a strategy should be used in three representative appointment systems, respectively. In an open access system, it is optimal to never use this strategy. In a traditional appointment system that allows patients to book in advance, it is optimal to apply this strategy to some patients. While in a hybrid system with both walk-in patients and patients with appointments, whether to use this strategy depends on the load balancing between the two patient queues.
Estudo da Atividade Nuclear e População Estelar na Galáxia Peculiar AM 0004-413 (ESO 293-IG 037)
Authors: Costa Pinto Souza José Henrique , Da Rocha Poppe Paulo César , Aparecida Fernandes Martin Vera , Silva Sales Elis Cristina , Cordeiro de Almeida Toni , Do Carmo Carvalho Matheus , Silva Freitas Raquel , Bomfim de Jesus Bianca Ramielly , Da Silva Lima Santos Mariana , Faúndez-Abans Maximiliano , De Oliveira-Abans Mariângela , Freitas Lemes Priscila
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho espectroscópico investiga a atividade nuclear e a população estelar presente na galáxia peculiar AM 0004-413 (ESO 293-IG 037). Empregamos o código de síntese espectral STARLIGHT para subtrair a população estelar subjacente e recuperar os fluxos das linhas de emissão no intervalo óptico investigado (4500-7200 ˚A). De acordo com os critérios de classificação baseados em razões de linhas, os valores determinados neste estudo sugerem um núcleo do tipo LINER (Low-Ionization Nuclear Emission-line Region). A população estelar revelada pela síntese espectral é composta por estrelas jovens (29,61%) e de idades intermediarias (70,39%). Os resultados apresentados s˜ao in´editos na literatura.
Simulação da banda plasmônica de nanopartículas de prata utilizando o MiePlot
Authors: Bomfim Lopes Souza Carlos Rodolfo , Santos Alves Álvaro , Silva Ferreira Ernando
Published: June 2022

Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a teoria de espalhamento de Mie, aplicando a metodologia no cálculo da seção de choque de absorção de nanopartículas de prata com raio de 3 a 17 nm imersas em água. Para tanto, foram deduzidas as séries de Mie para seções de choque de extinção e espalhamento e foi simulado o espectro de absorção com o pacote MiePlot. As simulações mostraram uma intensa faixa no espectro de absorção com picos entre 384 e 396 nm e máxima eficiência para nanopartículas com raio de 9 nm, bem como desvio para o vermelho à medida que o raio das nanopartículas aumenta.
Navigate and Succeed: MI-Transforminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Three-Dimensional Navigation
Authors: Kulkarni Arvind , Rathi Pradhyumn , Rajamani Pritem
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) has become a popular technique for achieving segmental interbody fusion and minimal access approach has its advantages. We have described the various Components in Spine Navigation Systems and how they have evolved in time and also describing our technique in detail. We have discussed on the advantages and disadvantages of the minimal access and use of Navigation. Method: The authors ventured to assess the impact of 3D navigation in 117 patients that were treated with single level 3D navigated MI-TLIF in evaluating, Navigation setting time , Radiation exposure, Disc space preparation, Cage placement, Accuracy of pedicle screw placement, Cranial facet violation and Evaluation of canal decompression. Result: Total time taken for setting up of navigation was 46.65±9.45 min. Average Radiation exposure was 5.69 mSv. In our study, the amount of disc removed was 75% in the ipsilateral anterior, 81% in ipsilateral posterior, 63% in contralateral anterior and 43% in contralateral posterior quadrants. The cage position was central in 87 patients, contralateral antero-central in six patients and ipsilateral postero-central in eight patients. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 89.65 ± 23.67 ml. Regarding accuracy 95.6% showed grade 0 and 4.4% had Grade 1 pedicle breach. Only 25 out of 408 pedicle screws (6.1%) violated the cranial facet joint. The navigation array probe was utilized to verify the adequacy of decompression and to confirm the anatomical landmarks. In our study, no surgical site infection was seen. Conclusion: We find MIS to be associated with less post-operative infection rates as compared to open techniques. With 3D navigation, MIS becomes safer and highly accurate. MIS-TLIF with 3D navigation have satisfactory clinical outcomes and fusion rates with the additional benefits of less initial postoperative pain, less blood loss, earlier rehabilitation, and shorter hospitalization. MIS–TLIF with 3D navigation is a more cost-effective treatment than MIS-TLIF with fluoroscopy.
A Clinical Overview of Management of First time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Narvekar Abhay , Iyer Nikhil , Shetty Nagraj , Joshi Shreya
Published: June 2022

Background: Instability following a traumatic shoulder dislocation is known to cause significant morbidity especially as ost-traumatic dislocations occur in young active patients. The management of this injury is still controversial. There is always a debate between those that recommend surgical stabilization following a 1st time dislocation (FTD) and those that prefer treating them conservatively. The aim of treatment following a dislocation is to manage the episode such that there is no threat of recurrence, there is a full functional recovery with no apprehension, and an ability to get back to the same level of sporting activity. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to review the current literature and provide recommendations regarding management following FTD. Design: Clinical overview, Perspective. Methods: Review of literature using PUBMED, MEDLINE. Results: The present thought process is towards Arthroscopic primary stabilization following 1st time post-traumatic dislocation in young active individuals with projected significant overhead activities. Conclusion: Management of a patient following a FTD/subluxation has been the subject of debate for a long time. A number of factors have been studied and published such as age, sports participation, sex, pathological findings after the dislocation to enable the surgeon to decide on the management of this condition. Recurrence comes at a cost of increasing the instability with every episode of dislocation. More the instability before the surgical stabilization, more are the chances of either failure or the requirement of a salvage procedure like a Latarjet with its inherent high complication rate. But not every patient with FTD should warrant a surgical stabilization. A personalized approach is recommended and not a one size fits all approach.
Potpourri – Recent and relevant literature in Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Desouza Clevio , Antao Nicholas
Published: June 2022

Distal femur fractures include fractures of the supracondylar and intercondylar region and are relatively common injuries. The goals of treatment follow AO principles of anatomic reduction of the articular surface, restoration of limb alignment, length, and rotation. Despite improvements in implant design, management of distal femur fractures remains a challenge; fractures are often comminuted, intra-articular, and involve osteoporotic bone, making fixation challenging to achieve. In the geriatric trauma population, the incidence of co-morbidities is high and may impact the therapeutic options. We have aimed to bring together all the recent advances and literature in the management of distal femur fractures through this article
Arthroscopic Latarjet – Retrospective Study of 74 Patients – Technique, Indications, and Results
Authors: Shaikh Sameer , Shaikh Farzana , Takale Santosh , Gowaikar Amol , Kachare Manohar , Rukde Vijaykumar , Mali Mahadev
Published: June 2022

Objective: The all arthroscopic latarjet procedure was performed to manage anterior recurrent shoulder instability with bone loss. The aim of present study was to briefly describe the technique and to evaluate the results and complications following procedure. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 74 patients with anterior shoulder instability since 2010–2019 conducted in a single center. Out of 74 patients, 32 patients were sportsperson who were involved in at least district level games, 14 were manual laborers and remaining were non-sportsmen. Fifty-five patients were males and 19 were females. Arthrolatarjet was done using DePuy Synthes double barrel cannula system and fixation of coracoid with 4.00 mm titanium cannulated cancellous screws with Top Hat. No capsular repair done in our cases.. Results: Out of 74 cases, two-screw fixation was possible in 98% of patients. No neurological complications seen in our series. Two patients had graft resorption and non-union. Osteolysis of the graft around upper screw is seen in eight patients post-operative computed tomography scans but clinically no complaints. Technically challenging in first 25 cases. Conclusion: Arthrolatarjet is a safe and reproducible procedure which gives good results, better visualization of anatomy, more precise graft positioning, concomitant abnormalities that can be treated. Cadaveric workshops needed. Technically demanding.
Thoracolumbar kyphosis in siblings of Mucopolysaccharidosis: A case report
Authors: Sheth Sharvin , Jhala Amit
Published: June 2022

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of inherited metabolic disorders caused due to abnormal storage of mucopolysaccharides in different tissues of the body. They are autosomal recessive disorders, except MPS II which has an X-linked recessive pattern. Musculoskeletal manifestations occur due to disturbance in bone remodeling and improper development of ossification centers. Thoracolumbar kyphosis is the most common spinal pathology resulting from abnormal vertebral end plate ossification and growth arrest as well as hypotonia and spinal musculature imbalance. The increased life span as a result of medical treatment and lack of osseous penetration of enzyme replacement has raised the issue of thoracolumbar dysplasia and resultant deformity. Here, we discuss a case report of progressive thoracolumbar spinal deformity in two siblings suffering from MPS who underwent spine deformity correction surgeries, and literature review for the same.
Temperature-induced stochastic resonance in Kerr photonic cavities for frequency shift
Authors: Braeckeveldt Bertrand , Maes Bjorn
Published: June 2022

Driven nonlinear photonic cavities are widely studied because they exhibit many interesting effects, such as nonreciprocity, thermal effects, and frequency conversion. Specifically, adding noise to a modulated nonlinear system can lead to stochastic resonance (SR), which corresponds to periodic transitions between stable states. In this work, we study the outgoing power and spectra from a nonlinear-driven photonic cavity coupled to an external port. Using a Langevin framework, we show that the system temperature induces SR in the bistable regime, which we study in detail to exploit for enhanced frequency shift. In this way, the thermal fluctuations of the system itself can function as a driver for effective sideband generation, enabling shift efficiencies of up to 40%. We extensively explore various regimes in order to understand and maximize the process.
Excellent long-wavelength-pass filters of CsPbBr3 and CsPb(Cl/Br)3 quantum dot glasses by a Cu2+ quenching strategy
Authors: Song Linke , Zhang Xizhen , Lin Mengqi , Guo Lizhu , Xu Sai , Sun Jiashi , Zhang Jinsu , Chen Baojiu
Published: June 2022

Perovskite

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

quantum dot (QD) glasses doping

C

u

2
+

are reported for excellent long-wavelength-pass filters. Transmittance, optical density (OD), photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and PL decay are used to investigate filter properties and the quenching mechanism. At low

C

u

2
+

molar concentrations of 0%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, and 0.01%, the filters exhibit good properties in transmittance and OD. Transition wavelengths are 518, 513, 513, and 512 nm, respectively. The shape and position of transmittance and OD are almost not changed. As

C

u

2
+

concentration increases, PL intensity is monotonously quenched. PL decay is obviously faster. The quenching mechanism is dynamic quenching, which is electron transfer from QDs to

C

u

2
+

. In comparison with the initial intensity, the intensity decreases by factors of 7.6, 12.8, and 18.8. Oxidation and reduction atmospheres are introduced, and the dynamic quenching mechanism is further confirmed. At high

C

u

2
+

concentrations of 0.013%–0.02%, the quenching mechanism is static quenching. Double-anion

C
s
P
b

(

C
l

/

B
r

)
3

QD glasses of different

C

u

2
+

concentrations extend the operation wavelength to the blue light region. For

C

u

2
+

concentrations of 0%, 0.005%, and 0.01%, the transition wavelengths are 470, 472, and 473 nm for

C
s
P
b

(

C
l

/

B
r

)
3

(NaCl as Cl source) QD glasses, and 430, 426, and 445 nm for

C
s
P
b

(

C
l

/

B
r

)
3

(

P
b
C

l

2

as Cl source) QD glasses, respectively.
Microring resonator based on polarization multiplexing for simultaneous sensing of refractive index and temperature on silicon platform
Authors: Ou Xiangpeng , Tang Bo , Zhang Peng , Li Bin , Sun Fujun , Liu Ruonan , Huang Kai , Xie Ling , Li Zhihua , Yang Yan
Published: June 2022

Silicon photonic integrated sensors based on microring resonators are a promising candidate to achieve high-performance on-chip sensing. In this work, a novel dual-parameters sensor based on polarization multiplexing on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform is proposed and demonstrated experimentally, simultaneously achieving refractive index (RI) and temperature sensing with high sensitivity and large detection range (DR). The experimental results show that the RI sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of the TM-operated sensor are 489.3 nm/RIU and 20.0 pm/°C, respectively, and that of the TE-operated sensor are 102.6 nm/RIU and 43.3 pm/°C, respectively. Moreover, the DR of the fabricated sensor is 0.0296 RIU, which is 4.2 times that of the conventional TM-operated sensor based on the microring resonator. The dual-parameters sensor based on polarization multiplexing can successfully realize the simultaneous measurement of the RI and the temperature, showing potential applications of silicon photonic on-chip sensors in reality.
Dually modulated photonic crystal lasers for wide-range flash illumination
Authors: Sakata Ryoichi , Zoysa Menaka De , Yoshikawa Mayuka , Inoue Takuya , Ishizaki Kenji , Gelleta John , Hatsuda Ranko , Noda Susumu
Published: June 2022

Flash light sources with a wide field of view (FOV) are indispensable in various fields such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), optical wireless communication, and adaptive lighting. However, conventional flash light sources, which combine lasers with external optical elements, tend to suffer from high complexity, large size, and high cost. In this study, we investigate a new wide-FOV flash light source which does not require external optical elements, based on a dually modulated photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL). First, we propose and design the concept of a photonic crystal into which information of gradually varying diffraction vectors is introduced in order to artificially broaden the divergence angle. We then experimentally demonstrate photonic crystals based on this concept. Finally, by arraying 100 such lasers with mutually different central emission angles and driving all of these lasers simultaneously, we successfully achieve optics-free, 4-W flash illumination over a FOV of 30° × 30° at a wavelength of 940 nm.
Edge detection in single multimode fiber imaging based on deep learning
Authors: Wu Guohua , Song Zhixiong , Hao Min , Yin Longfei
Published: June 2022

We propose a new edge detection scheme based on deep learning in single multimode fiber imaging. In this scheme, we creatively design a novel neural network, whose input is a one-dimensional light intensity sequence, and the output is the edge detection result of the target. Different from the traditional scheme, we can directly obtain the edge information of unknown objects by using this neural network without rebuilding the image. Simulation and experimental results show that, compared with the traditional method, this method can get better edge details, especially in the case of low sampling rates. It can increase the structural similarity index of edge detection imaging from 0.38 to 0.62 at the sampling rate of 0.6%. At the same time, the robustness of the method to fiber bending is also proved. This scheme improves the edge detection performance of endoscopic images and provides a promising way for the practical application of multimode fiber endoscopy.
High spatial resolution fast Brillouin optical time-domain analysis enabled by frequency-agility digital optical frequency comb
Authors: He Huan , Zhao Zhiyong , Fu Songnian , Liu Deming , Tang Ming
Published: June 2022

A significant spatial resolution enhancement scheme for digital optical frequency comb (DOFC)-based fast Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by using frequency-agility probes, without sacrificing the frequency resolution. The proposed system ensures high spatial resolution by using short frame duration, meanwhile enabling high frequency resolution retrieval of the Brillouin gain spectrum using frequency interleaving of multiple frequency-agility DOFC probes. Additionally, quadratic phase coding is introduced to release the influence of the high peak to average power ratio of the probes. Eventually, the proposed BOTDA sensor achieves a record 5-m spatial resolution over 10-km fiber with less than 2-MHz frequency uncertainty, and a 1-GHz dynamic measurement range. For proof of concept, 10-Hz vibration sensing is also successfully demonstrated at a 40-Hz sampling rate, showing great potential for fast measurement. It is worth mentioning that a higher spatial resolution can be achieved by using more frequency-agility DOFC probes, albeit at the expense of increasing the measurement time.
Multibit NOT logic gate enabled by a function programmable optical waveguide
Authors: Chen Tao , Dang Zhangqi , Ding Zhenming , Liu Zexu , Zhang Ziyang
Published: June 2022

Multibit logic gates are of great importance in optical switching and photonic computing. A 4-bit parallel optical NOT logic gate is demonstrated by an optical switching/computing engine based on a multimode waveguide. The multimode interference (MMI) patterns can be altered by thermal electrodes because the number of guided modes, their profiles, and propagation constants can all be altered via the thermo-optic effect. Instead of conventional forward design based on time-consuming simulations, the proposed engine can update the thermal electrodes automatically and monitor the change of the interference in a synchronized and rapid way until the desired function is reached, all experimentally. We name the system “function programmable waveguide engine” (FPWE). As opposed to solutions where the phase or amplitude of light is taken as the signal, the input stays in the electronic domain, and the output is converted into optical intensity variations, calculated from a truth table. This simple, low-cost yet powerful engine may lead to the development of a new set of devices for on-chip photonic computing and signal switching.
Squeezed light generated with hyperradiance without nonlinearity
Authors: Li Jun , Zhu Chengjie , Yang Yaping
Published: June 2022

We propose that the squeezed light accompanied by hyperradiance is induced by quantum interference in a linear system consisting of a high-quality optical cavity and two coherently driven two-level qubits. When two qubits are placed in the cavity with a distance of integer multiple and one-half of wavelengths (i.e., they have the opposite coupling coefficient to the cavity), we show that squeezed light is generated in the hyperradiance regime under the conditions of strong coupling and weak driving. Simultaneously, Klyshko’s criterion alternates up and down at unity when the photon number is even or odd. Moreover, the orthogonal angles of the squeezed light can be controlled by adjusting the frequency detuning between the driving field and the qubits. It can be implemented in a variety of quantum systems, including but not limited to two-level systems such as atoms, ions, quantum dots in single-mode cavities.
Non-Hermitian mode-locking synthesized by parity-time and anti-parity-time symmetric modulations
Authors: Wen Zengrun , Gao Song , Wang Weiming , Wang Kaile , Cai Yangjian , Gao Yuanmei
Published: June 2022

We study the pulse characteristics in a laser mode-locked by active modulators with non-Hermitian driven signals. The signal assembles a parity-time (

P
T

) symmetric and an anti-parity-time (

A
P
T

) symmetric function with fundamental and harmonic frequencies, respectively, inducing the complex coupling between modes in the frequency domain. A one-dimensional synthetic lattice is used to analyze the spectral mode coupling. By enlarging the weight and harmonic order of the

A
P
T

part of the signal, the optical spectrum can be adjusted from redshift to blueshift. Simultaneously, the pulse duration and spectral width are shortened and broadened, respectively. The work explores the role of non-Hermitian modulation in the mode-locked laser area.
SCRaPL: A Bayesian hierarchical framework for detecting technical associates in single cell multiomics data
Authors: Maniatis Christos , Vallejos Catalina A. , Sanguinetti Guido
Published: June 2022

Single-cell multi-omics assays offer unprecedented opportunities to explore epigenetic regulation at cellular level. However, high levels of technical noise and data sparsity frequently lead to a lack of statistical power in correlative analyses, identifying very few, if any, significant associations between different molecular layers. Here we propose SCRaPL, a novel computational tool that increases power by carefully modelling noise in the experimental systems. We show on real and simulated multi-omics single-cell data sets that SCRaPL achieves higher sensitivity and better robustness in identifying correlations, while maintaining a similar level of false positives as standard analyses based on Pearson and Spearman correlation.
Error-based or target-based? A unified framework for learning in recurrent spiking networks
Authors: Capone Cristiano , Muratore Paolo , Paolucci Pier Stanislao
Published: June 2022

The field of recurrent neural networks is over-populated by a variety of proposed learning rules and protocols. The scope of this work is to define a generalized framework, to move a step forward towards the unification of this fragmented scenario. In the field of supervised learning, two opposite approaches stand out, error-based and target-based. This duality gave rise to a scientific debate on which learning framework is the most likely to be implemented in biological networks of neurons. Moreover, the existence of spikes raises the question of whether the coding of information is rate-based or spike-based. To face these questions, we proposed a learning model with two main parameters, the rank of the feedback learning matrix R and the tolerance to spike timing τ⋆. We demonstrate that a low (high) rank R accounts for an error-based (target-based) learning rule, while high (low) tolerance to spike timing promotes rate-based (spike-based) coding. We show that in a store and recall task, high-ranks allow for lower MSE values, while low-ranks enable a faster convergence. Our framework naturally lends itself to Behavioral Cloning and allows for efficiently solving relevant closed-loop tasks, investigating what parameters ( R , τ ⋆ ) are optimal to solve a specific task. We found that a high R is essential for tasks that require retaining memory for a long time (Button and Food). On the other hand, this is not relevant for a motor task (the 2D Bipedal Walker). In this case, we find that precise spike-based coding enables optimal performances. Finally, we show that our theoretical formulation allows for defining protocols to estimate the rank of the feedback error in biological networks. We release a PyTorch implementation of our model supporting GPU parallelization.
Comprehensive analysis of cis- and trans-acting factors affecting ectopic Break-Induced Replication
Authors: Uribe-Calvillo Tannia , Maestroni Laetitia , Marsolier Marie-Claude , Khadaroo Basheer , Arbiol Christine , Schott Jonathan , Llorente Bertrand
Published: June 2022

Break-induced replication (BIR) is a highly mutagenic eukaryotic homologous DNA recombination pathway that repairs one-ended DNA double strand breaks such as broken DNA replication forks and eroded telomeres. While searching for cis-acting factors regulating ectopic BIR efficiency, we found that ectopic BIR efficiency is the highest close to chromosome ends. The variations of ectopic BIR efficiency as a function of the length of DNA to replicate can be described as a combination of two decreasing exponential functions, a property in line with repeated cycles of strand invasion, elongation and dissociation that characterize BIR. Interestingly, the apparent processivity of ectopic BIR depends on the length of DNA already synthesized. Ectopic BIR is more susceptible to disruption during the synthesis of the first ~35–40 kb of DNA than later, notably when the template chromatid is being transcribed or heterochromatic. Finally, we show that the Srs2 helicase promotes ectopic BIR from both telomere proximal and telomere distal regions in diploid cells but only from telomere proximal sites in haploid cells. Altogether, we bring new light on the factors impacting a last resort DNA repair pathway.
A mouse model for Li-Fraumeni-Like Syndrome with cardiac angiosarcomas associated to POT1 mutations
Authors: Martínez Paula , Sánchez-Vázquez Raúl , Ferrara-Romeo Iole , Serrano Rosa , Flores Juana M. , Blasco Maria A.
Published: June 2022

The shelterin protein POT1 has been found mutated in many different familial and sporadic cancers, however, no mouse models to understand the pathobiology of these mutations have been developed so far. To address the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic effects of POT1 mutant proteins in humans, we have generated a mouse model for the humanPOT1R117Cmutation found in Li-Fraumeni-Like families with cases of cardiac angiosarcoma by introducing this mutation in thePot1aendogenous locus,knock-inforPot1aR117C. We find here that both mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and tissues fromPot1a+/kimice show longer telomeres than wild-type controls. Longer telomeres inPot1a+/kiMEFs are dependent on telomerase activity as they are not found in double mutantPot1a+/kiTert-/-telomerase-deficient MEFs. By using complementation assays we further show that POT1a pR117C exerts dominant-negative effects at telomeres. As in human Li-Fraumeni patients, heterozygousPot1a+/kimice spontaneously develop a high incidence of angiosarcomas, including cardiac angiosarcomas, and this is associated to the presence of abnormally long telomeres in endothelial cells as well as in the tumors. ThePot1a+/R117Cmouse model constitutes a useful tool to understand human cancers initiated byPOT1mutations.