bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desmitificando la Esferificación
Authors: Duarte-Casar Rodrigo , Rojas-Le-Fort Marlene
Published: August 2024

La esferificación es una de las técnicas más comunes de la llamada cocina molecular por lo vistosa que puede llegar a ser y porque tiene requerimientos de ingredientes y equipamiento muy modestos. Aun así, no existe una comprensión sólida del procedimiento y sus variables. La esferificación más difundida requiere alginato de sodio y una fuente de calcio, que forman un gel mediante un mecanismo de gelificación iónica. Esta gelificación requiere un pH superior a 3,6; razón por la cual es deseable tomar en cuenta la acidez de la base, o en su defecto contar con un regulador de acidez. La presencia de iones divalentes indeseables (calcio y magnesio principalmente) hacen deseable trabajar con agua filtrada. Controlar la viscosidad del líquido que se está esferificando es deseable para la producción y la sensación en boca: usualmente se utiliza xantana. Las esferificaciones más frecuentes son la directa y la inversa. De la esferificación inversa derivan la esferificación amoldada y la esferificación curada.
A Study on the Relationship Between Parents' Expectations and Junior Middle School Students' Academic Test Scores -- Taking English as an Example
Authors: Li Yalin
Published: August 2024

In the currently prevalent “rat race” phenomenon, which is particularly acute in the field of education. When it comes to discussing the factors underlying the changes in middle school students' English academic achievements, numerous researchers have put forward their viewpoints from different perspectives. This paper summarizes four crucial dimensions that impact middle school students' English achievements and conducts a six-week teaching experiment based on these dimensions. Through the analysis of questionnaire surveys, interviews, and experimental comparisons, it is discovered that the factors influencing students' English achievements, ranked in order of importance from high to low, are: family rearing style, communication and emotional support between parents and children, parents' expectations, and family culture and values. However, while parental expectations have a direct and positive impact on adolescent children, they rank third among the major factors and have a relatively low impact. On the other hand, in the context of family rearing methods that are not suitable for children's development at this stage and incorrect family communication and emotional support, parents' expectations have indirect negative effects.
Pelatihan Penggunaan Mesin Pencetak Briket Serbuk Kayu pada Kelompok Karang Taruna Desa Pakemitan, Kec. Cikatomas, Kab. Tasikmalaya
Authors: Aripin  , Edvin Priatna  , Sutisna
Published: August 2024

Desa Pakemitan, Kec. Cikatomas memiliki 54 pengrajin gula kelapa yang tergabung dalam 8 kelompok usaha skala mikro dan kecil (UMK). Sebagian pengrajin mengolah nira kelapa menjadi gula kelapa dengan menggunakan wajan yang ditempatkan di atas tungku berbahan bakar briket serbuk kayu. Saat ini briket serbuk kayu dibeli dari produsen lokal dengan harga Rp. 5.000-,/kg. Untuk sekali produksi, itu dibutuhkan briket serbuk kayu sebanyak 24 kg, sehingga membutuhkan biaya sekitar Rp. 120.000,-. Masalah bagi pengrajin adalah besarnya beban biaya briket serbuk kayu untuk bahan bakar pemasakan gula kelapa. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, pengrajin perlu diberi pengetahuan produksi briket serbuk kayu secara mandiri. Oleh karena itu, tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan solusi untuk menurunkan biaya bahan bakar untuk pemasakan gula kelapa cetak dengan bekal pengetahuan menggunakan mesin briket untuk produksi briket secara mandiri. Khalayak sasaran adalah mitra kelompok Karangtaruna DKM Al-Huda dan DKM Al-Gofur yang berjumlah 15 orang yang merupakan bagian pengrajin gula kelapa cetak. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode pelatihan, praktek, dan pendampingan. Metode pelatihan dan praktek berturut-turut dilakukan dengan memberikan materi teori tatacara dan praktek menjalankan mesin pencetak briket serbuk kayu kemudian melibatkan mahasiswa untuk pendampingan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ketertarikan peserta dalam kegiatan ini terkatagori sangat baik terutama untuk aspek keefektipan dan kepraktisan mesin pencetak briket serbuk kayu dalam mewujudkan pemberdayaan masyarakat.
Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter Bagi Siswa Madrasah dalam Mewujudkan Indonesia Emas 2045
Authors: Nur Haslin Muh Ilham , Masdinar  , Nurmiah
Published: August 2024

Pendidikan karakter merupakan elemen kunci dalam pembangunan nasional, pendidikan karakter dapat diintegrasikan dalam sistem pendidikan Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik studi pustaka dan studi lapangan. Hasil studi literasi didapati bahwa pendidikan karakter menekankan pentingnya aspek keterampilan sosial, empati, dan kemampuan berpikir kritis.melalui pendidikan karakter, siswa madrasah diberdayakan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan kepemimpinan, kreativitas, dan inovasi, yang akan mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi, stabilitas sosial, dan perkembangan masyarakat yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, pendidikan karakter menjadi landasan kuat bagi siswa madrasah dalam berperan aktif mewujudkan Indonesia sebagai negara maju, makmur, dan berdaya saing global pada tahun 2045.
Strategi Pemasaran Produk pada Toko Riska Bagstore Gampong Padang Sakti Kecamatan Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Putri Rusmadilla , Iryani Lisa , Nursanjaya
Published: August 2024

The Riska Bagstore shop, which started as an online shop in 2014 and has now developed into a physical shop, offers various products with a target market of female students and mothers. They implement offline marketing strategies via billboards and online via TikTok and WhatsApp. However, they face problems such as lack of market understanding, suboptimal stock management, and less neat product arrangement. With annual revenue of IDR 769,819,000 and monthly fluctuations, improvements in market strategy, stock management and product arrangement are needed to improve store performance. Price competition will be a consideration for consumers/customers. This research aims to analyze what strategies are carried out by TokoRiska Bagstore and what obstacles are experienced in marketing products at TokoRiska Bagstoe. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use interview, observation and documentation methods. Based on the research results and discussions that have been studied, the researcher concludes that the research strategy results show that the marketing strategy at the Riska Bagstore store is an offline and online marketing strategy. The offline marketing strategy carried out by the Riska Bagstore store is in the form of personal selling, by offering products directly to consumers who come directly to the store. Meanwhile, the online marketing carried out by the Riska Bagstore store is by using social media, namely in the form of Tiktok, by making videos and explaining the information clearly so that consumers can immediately see what is being promoted by the Riska Bagstore store.
Implementasi Pelaksanaan Administrasi Kesiswaan dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di MIN 4 Sukoharjo
Authors: Annafi' Nurul 'Ilmi Azizah  , Natasya Alya Rahma  , Mariska Ardiana
Published: August 2024

This study examines the implementation of the student administration that exists at MIN 4 Sukoharjo. Student administration is a service provided by the school to the student participant. The student administration at MIN 4 Sukoharjo covers new student admission programmes, new student appointment, implementation of school order in an effort to improve student discipline, and the execution of competition participation from the school level to the international level. The research uses qualitative research methods with interviews, observations, and documentation data collection techniques. The subjects in this study are representatives of the head of the student department and teachers. The results of the study show that there is implementation of student administration from the admission of new students to the graduation of students. With the existence of student administration can help the course of the process of order that exists in the school, as well as support for the enforcement of related activities between teachers and students including the inclusion of a race to measure the level of students' ability inside and outside the school.
Psicología Comunitaria: entre las prácticas de captura y las aperturas prometedoras
Authors: Rodríguez Alicia , León Cedeño Alejandra Astrid , Parra Marcela Alejandra , Montenegro Marisela
Published: August 2024

La Psicología Social Comunitaria Latinoamericana forma parte de un cambio epistemológico- metodológico psicosocial en los años setenta. Buscando hacer ciencia propia y avanzar frente al colonialismo intelectual, partió, entre otros, de aportes de Orlando Fals Borda (Sociología Militante - Colombia), Paulo Freire (Educación Popular - Brasil) y Maritza Montero (Psicología Social - Venezuela), para trabajar activamente con poblaciones oprimidas (periferias urbanas y rurales, movimientos sociales), colocando a la comunidad como protagonista de sus decisiones, acciones y luchas, y buscando la transformación social. Este horizonte ético-político continúa siendo inspiración, pero tiene límites heredados de una ciencia occidental, moderna, racionalista y urbana, con marcas coloniales y patriarcales que se han expresado en efectos de captura desde las políticas públicas, academicistas y profesionales. Actualmente, la Psicología Comunitaria está atravesada por la tensión entre quedar aprisionada en estas lógicas o buscar articulaciones que le permitan repensarse, renovando categorías de pensamiento y acción. Nos proponemos re-visitarla desde diferentes inspiraciones teórico-metodológicas (feministas, decoloniales, políticas de lo común, etc.) para potenciarla críticamente. Partimos de las enseñanzas de movimientos sociales, comunidad y academia en Argentina, Uruguay, Brasil y Cataluña para repensar la clásica división entre agentes internos y externos, proponiendo un rizoma de aperturas prometedoras en la acción colectiva.
Danmarks Not-So-Oldest Sheep
Authors: Groß Daniel , Presslee Samantha , Schmölcke Ulrich , Nikulina Elena A. , Hendy Jessica
Published: August 2024

Sheep and goats are often considered to be the oldest livestock animals in Denmark. In this contribution, we present the results of ZooMS measurements from seven ovicaprid bones from the Femern project, an excavation in the area of the former Syltholm Fjord (Lolland, Denmark). The bones were morphologically identified as sheep or goats and represented the oldest dated remains of both species in Denmark. However, the ZooMS analysis showed that more than half of the morphological identifications were incorrect. For the other samples, we refined the identifications. Hence, our study confirms that indications of sheep and goat husbandry based on bone morphology alone should be treated with caution. The probability of misidentification in our case was high, even in the case of well-preserved bones.
Les initiatives populaires dans leur diversité : essai de typologie
Authors: Fatin-Rouge Stefanini Marthe
Published: August 2024

Assez méconnues dans leur diversité, les procédures d’initiative populaire sont de plus en plus présentes dans les constitutions des États. Permettant aux citoyens d’être plus directement impliqués dans le processus normatif et dans le contrôle de l’activité de leurs représentants, de telles procédures tentent de répondre à la défiance citoyenne et de donner plus de légitimité à la manière dont fonctionnent les démocraties. Dans les travaux de recherche, elles sont généralement appréhendées à travers l’étude d’un système juridique en particulier ou d’un type de mécanisme. Ainsi, les procédures de référendum d’initiative populaire, appelées « initiatives populaires directes », ont tendance à mobiliser les commentaires de la doctrine et des médias en raison de leur visibilité et de la radicalité de certains sujets adoptés. Les initiatives populaires indirectes, ou d’agenda, sont beaucoup moins étudiées et pourtant sont souvent présentes à l’échelle nationale et même supranationale, à l’instar de l’Initiative citoyenne européenne. Les initiatives suspensives ou abrogatives sont également prévues dans certains États mais, à l’exception de l’Italie et de la Suisse, font l’objet de peu de commentaires. Les procédures révocatoires, permettant notamment d’éprouver les choix effectués par les élus ou leur probité au cours d’un mandat, font l’objet d’études qui restent souvent cantonnées aux États-Unis. L’intérêt de cette contribution est de proposer une typologie des différentes formes d’initiatives populaires pour témoigner de la richesse des mécanismes consacrés en droit constitutionnel. Même si beaucoup de ces initiatives échouent à atteindre leur objectif premier, elles peuvent contribuer à sensibiliser les élus aux effets de leurs choix et comportements et attirer l’attention de l’ensemble de la communauté politique sur certains sujets.
Le Parlement de la Communauté germanophone comme laboratoire de participation citoyenne : analyse du suivi des recommandations du Dialogue citoyen permanent en Belgique de l’Est1
Authors: Gebauer Rebecca , Sautter Ann-Mireille , Reuchamps Min
Published: August 2024

Si on souhaite comprendre le nouveau rôle des citoyens dans la législation, le cheminement des recommandations élaborées par les assemblées citoyennes devient un élément crucial à analyser. L’élaboration et le suivi des recommandations peuvent être considérés comme un processus en quatre phases. Tout d’abord, la phase de formulation (1), au cours de laquelle un sujet de délibération est sélectionné et défini. Il s’en suit une phase de délibération proprement dite (2), qui voit les membres de l’assemblée développer des idées de recommandations, puis une phase de rédaction (3), lors de laquelle ces recommandations sont rédigées, et enfin une phase de mise en oeuvre (4), où les recommandations entrent dans le processus législatif formel. Cet article propose une analyse préliminaire du Bürgerdialog, le premier mécanisme délibératif permanent à être codifié dans le cadre institutionnel d’un parlement. À ce jour, deux assemblées citoyennes sur le thème des soins médicaux et de l’éducation inclusive sont passées par ces quatre phases. Cette contribution analyse la trajectoire de chaque recommandation au sein du Parlement. Ce faisant, l’article explore les caractéristiques qui confèrent à certaines recommandations une plus grande probabilité d’être pleinement mises en oeuvre ou, en tout cas, d’être plus ou moins soigneusement examinées par le législateur. Le Parlement de la Communauté germanophone constitue un laboratoire vivant pour la participation des citoyens à l’élaboration des lois.
La légitimité des membres des assemblées citoyennes : une fausse idée claire
Authors: Sissoko-Noblot Marie
Published: August 2024

La question de la légitimité des membres des assemblées citoyennes est un aspect
peu étudié des exercices délibératifs et participatifs. Les membres des assemblées
citoyennes, s’ils sont des acteurs clés des innovations institutionnelles, devraient
disposer d’un statut juridique clairement défini afin de renforcer leur légitimité
juridique. Si leur légitimité politique est forte, le vocable d’« assemblée citoyenne »
contribue en partie à brouiller le cadre de leur légitimité. Une étude de la légitimité de
celles-ci peut être nourrie par une analyse des deux dernières expériences françaises
d’assemblée citoyenne que sont la Convention citoyenne pour le climat et la Convention
citoyenne sur la fin de vie. L’utilisation du vocable d’« assemblée citoyenne » a un impact
direct sur la légitimité des membres des exercices participatifs et contribue à en faire une
fausse idée claire. La pérennisation des exercices délibératifs et participatifs au sein du
système constitutionnel ne pourra s’opérer qu’au prix d’une clarification du statut des
acteurs impliqués.
Outcomes of a Day Wellness Program for People With Multiple Sclerosis Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Malone Tiffany , Schafer John A. , Sayre Lacey , Hutchinson Brian
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

The John A. Schafer, MD Multiple Sclerosis Achievement Center (MSAC) conducts wellness programs that include exercise, cognitive stimulation, education, emotional support, and socialization for people with multiple sclerosis and their care partners. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are collected annually. Four-year outcomes encompass the COVID-19 pandemic when some of these programs were offered virtually.

METHODS:

Beginning in 2017, baseline data were collected for 110 MSAC day wellness program participants through PRO measures. Of those 110, 52 completed PROs annually through 2021. Outcome measures included the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29); Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale (MSSE-10); Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ); and the Neurology Quality of Life domains of Anxiety, Depression, Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation, Positive Affect, Cognition, Ability to Participate in and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities, and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities. Analysis using t tests compared baseline with 4-year data. A separate analysis compared outcomes collected in January 2020 and January 2021.

RESULTS:

Analysis of 4-year data demonstrated statistically significant improvement in MSIS-29 and GLTEQ. Statistically significant improvements noted at years 2 and 3 in the Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities were no longer significant at year 4. Other notable changes included significant decreases in MSSE at year 4 when compared with baseline and year 3.

CONCLUSIONS:

Individuals who participated in a weekly, structured day wellness program showed improvements in self-reported disease impact and physical activity at year 4 vs baseline. Decreases in self-efficacy and social domains were seen, corresponding with disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Further analysis is needed to understand the effects of the pandemic on program participants.
Modelling Passengers’ Travel Behaviour for Shared Autonomous Vehicle and Bus Considering Heterogeneity
Authors: WANG Yaning , HUO Yueying , ZHANG Xuebin
Published: August 2024

The popularisation of autonomous vehicles will give rise to a new business model called shared autonomous vehicle (SAV). SAVs may attract a large number of passengers and lead to a decline in the share of buses, which can be interpreted by exploring passengers’ travel behaviour when confronting the SAV and bus modes. Thus, this paper addresses the SAV and bus passengers’ travel behaviour, aiming to examine the factors influencing travel behaviour and revealing the characteristics of SAV passengers. We classified passengers using latent class cluster analysis and modelled passengers’ travel behaviour based on confirmatory factor analysis and mixed logit model. The findings indicate a variation in travel preferences among different classes of travellers. Short-distance travellers pay less attention to travel time. Non-short-distance PT travellers are most likely to be affected by service attributes (waiting time, travel time and travel costs). Non-short-distance private car travellers are more likely to become early SAV adopters. Passengers travelling for short distances may be more likely to choose SAV, which reveals the potential of SAVs to become a first and last mile connection for public transport. Passengers lack trust in SAVs, which will affect their promotion.
Malaria parasites require a divergent heme oxygenase for apicoplast gene expression and biogenesis
Authors: Blackwell Amanda Mixon , Jami-Alahmadi Yasaman , Nasamu Armiyaw S , Kudo Shota , Senoo Akinobu , Slam Celine , Tsumoto Kouhei , Wohlschlegel James A , Caaveiro Jose MM , Goldberg Daniel E , Sigala Paul A
Published: August 2024

Malaria parasites have evolved unusual metabolic adaptations that specialize them for growth within heme-rich human erythrocytes. During blood-stage infection,
Plasmodium falciparum
parasites internalize and digest abundant host hemoglobin within the digestive vacuole. This massive catabolic process generates copious free heme, most of which is biomineralized into inert hemozoin. Parasites also express a divergent heme oxygenase (HO)-like protein (PfHO) that lacks key active-site residues and has lost canonical HO activity. The cellular role of this unusual protein that underpins its retention by parasites has been unknown. To unravel PfHO function, we first determined a 2.8 Å-resolution X-ray structure that revealed a highly α-helical fold indicative of distant HO homology. Localization studies unveiled PfHO targeting to the apicoplast organelle, where it is imported and undergoes N-terminal processing but retains most of the electropositive transit peptide. We observed that conditional knockdown of PfHO was lethal to parasites, which died from defective apicoplast biogenesis and impaired isoprenoid-precursor synthesis. Complementation and molecular-interaction studies revealed an essential role for the electropositive N-terminus of PfHO, which selectively associates with the apicoplast genome and enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism and gene expression. PfHO knockdown resulted in a specific deficiency in levels of apicoplast-encoded RNA but not DNA. These studies reveal an essential function for PfHO in apicoplast maintenance and suggest that
Plasmodium
repurposed the conserved HO scaffold from its canonical heme-degrading function in the ancestral chloroplast to fulfill a critical adaptive role in organelle gene expression.
Deficiency in a special dynein DNAH12 causes male infertility by impairing DNAH1 and DNALI1 recruitment in humans and mice
Authors: Yang Menglei , Hussain Hafiz Muhammad Jafar , Khan Manan , Muhammad Zubair , Zhou Jianteng , Ma Ao , Huang Xiongheng , Ye Jingwei , Chen Min , Zhi Aoran , Liu Tao , Khan Ranjha , Ali Asim , Shah Wasim , Zeb Aurang , Ahmad Nisar , Zhang Huan , Xu Bo , Ma Hui , Shi Qinghua , Shi Baolu
Published: August 2024

Asthenoteratozoospermia, a prevalent cause of male infertility, lacks a well-defined etiology. DNAH12 is a special dynein featured by the absence of a microtubule-binding domain, however, its functions in spermatogenesis remain largely unknown. Through comprehensive genetic analyses involving whole-exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing on infertile patients and fertile controls from six distinct families, we unveiled six biallelic mutations in
DNAH12
that co-segregate recessively with male infertility in the studied families. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed pronounced axonemal abnormalities, including inner dynein arms (IDAs) impairment and central pair (CP) loss in sperm flagella of the patients. Mouse models (
Dnah12
−/−
and

Dnah12
mut/mut

) were generated and recapitulated the reproductive defects in the patients. Noteworthy, DNAH12 deficiency did not show effects on cilium organization and function. Mechanistically, DNAH12 was confirmed to interact with two other IDA components DNALI1 and DNAH1, while disruption of DNAH12 leads to failed recruitment of DNALI1 and DNAH1 to IDAs and compromised sperm development. Furthermore, DNAH12 also interacts with radial spoke head proteins RSPH1, RSPH9, and DNAJB13 to regulate CP stability. Moreover, the infertility of
Dnah12
−/−
mice could be overcome by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. Collectively, DNAH12 plays a crucial role in the proper organization of axoneme in sperm flagella, but not cilia, by recruiting DNAH1 and DNALI1 in both humans and mice. These findings expand our comprehension of dynein component assembly in flagella and cilia and provide a valuable marker for genetic counseling and diagnosis of asthenoteratozoospermia in clinical practice.
The Drosophila hematopoietic niche assembles through collective cell migration controlled by neighbor tissues and Slit-Robo signaling
Authors: Nelson Kara A , Lenhart Kari F , Anllo Lauren , DiNardo Stephen
Published: August 2024

Niches are often found in specific positions in tissues relative to the stem cells they support. Consistency of niche position suggests that placement is important for niche function. However, the complexity of most niches has precluded a thorough understanding of how their proper placement is established. To address this, we investigated the formation of a genetically tractable niche, the Drosophila Posterior Signaling Center (PSC), the assembly of which had not been previously explored. This niche controls hematopoietic progenitors of the lymph gland (LG). PSC cells were previously shown to be specified laterally in the embryo, but ultimately reside dorsally, at the LG posterior. Here, using live-imaging, we show that PSC cells migrate as a tight collective and associate with multiple tissues during their trajectory to the LG posterior. We find that Slit emanating from two extrinsic sources, visceral mesoderm and cardioblasts, is required for the PSC to remain a collective, and for its attachment to cardioblasts during migration. Without proper Slit-Robo signaling, PSC cells disperse, form aberrant contacts, and ultimately fail to reach their stereotypical position near progenitors. Our work characterizes a novel example of niche formation and identifies an extrinsic signaling relay that controls precise niche positioning.
Plural molecular and cellular mechanisms of pore domain KCNQ2 encephalopathy
Authors: Abreo Timothy J , Thompson Emma C , Madabushi Anuraag , Soh Heun , Varghese Nissi , Vanoye Carlos G , Springer Kristen , Park Kristen L , Johnson Jim , Sims Scotty , Ji Zhigang , Chavez Ana G , Jankovic Miranda J , Habte Bereket , Zuberi Aamir R , Lutz Cathleen , Wang Zhao , Krishnan Vaishnav , Dudler Lisa , Einsele-Scholz Stephanie , Noebels Jeffrey L , George Alfred L , Maheshwari Atul , Tzingounis Anastasios V , Cooper Edward C
Published: August 2024

KCNQ2
variants in children with neurodevelopmental impairment are difficult to assess due to their heterogeneity and unclear pathogenic mechanisms. We describe a child with neonatal-onset epilepsy, developmental impairment of intermediate severity, and
KCNQ2
G256W heterozygosity. Analyzing prior KCNQ2 channel cryoelectron microscopy models revealed G256 as a node of an arch-shaped non-covalent bond network linking S5, the pore turret, and the ion path. Co-expression with G256W dominantly suppressed conduction by wild-type subunits in heterologous cells. Ezogabine partly reversed this suppression. G256W/+ mice have epilepsy leading to premature deaths. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from G256W/+ brain slices showed hyperexcitability. G256W/+ pyramidal cell KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 immunolabeling was significantly shifted from axon initial segments to neuronal somata. Despite normal mRNA levels, G256W/+ mouse KCNQ2 protein levels were reduced by about 50%. Our findings indicate that G256W pathogenicity results from multiplicative effects, including reductions in intrinsic conduction, subcellular targeting, and protein stability. These studies provide evidence for an unexpected and novel role for the KCNQ2 pore turret and introduce a valid animal model of
KCNQ2
encephalopathy. Our results, spanning structure to behavior, may be broadly applicable because the majority of
KCNQ2
encephalopathy patients share variants near the selectivity filter.
Redefining TVET Leadership in Kenya
Authors: Matu Jeffrey , Rothwell William
Published: August 2024

The alignment of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) with industry needs is pivotal for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Kenya. Yet, reliance on global commitment mechanisms, primarily voluntary national reviews (VNRs), has proven insufficient. This forum piece argues for a strategic transition towards voluntary local reviews (VLRs) and incorporating indigenous philosophies, such as Harambee, to better align TVET with SDG objectives. This transition is essential for fostering inclusive, equitable learning environments, enhancing workforce preparedness, and facilitating a community-centric educational model that effectively addresses local needs while contributing to global sustainability goals. Additionally, this forum piece underscores the need for institutional social change to resolve contradictions in current policies that hinder educational systems from reaching their goals. Drawing from a comparative study of TVET governance models in Nairobi, Kenya, and Pittsburgh, USA, this forum piece illustrates how different approaches can align TVET systems with localized educational demands and SDG frameworks, highlighting policy innovation, leadership development, and community engagement as key strategies for redefining TVET leadership.
Reassessment of French breeding bird population sizes using citizen science and accounting for species detectability
Authors: Nabias Jean , Barbaro Luc , Fontaine Benoît , Dupuy Jérémy , Couzi Laurent , Vallé Clément , Lorrilliere Romain
Published: August 2024

Higher efficiency in large-scale and long-term biodiversity monitoring can be obtained through the use of Essential Biodiversity Variables, among which species population sizes provide key data for conservation programs. Relevant estimations and assessment of actual population sizes are critical for species conservation, especially in the current context of global biodiversity erosion. However, knowledge on population size varies greatly, depending on species conservation status and ranges. While the most threatened or restricted-range species generally benefit from exhaustive counts and surveys, monitoring common and widespread species population size tends to be neglected or is simply more challenging to achieve. In such a context, citizen science (CS) is a powerful tool for the long-term monitoring of common species through the engagement of various volunteers, permitting data acquisition on the long term and over large spatial scales. Despite this substantially increased sampling effort, detectability issues imply that even common species may remain unnoticed at suitable sites. The use of structured CS schemes, including repeated visits, enables to model the detection process, permitting reliable inferences of population size estimates. Here, we relied on a large French structured CS scheme (EPOC-ODF) comprising 27,156 complete checklists over 3,873 sites collected during the 2021–2023 breeding seasons to estimate the population size of 63 common bird species using hierarchical distance sampling (HDS). These population size estimates were compared to the previous expert-based French breeding bird atlas estimations, which did not account for detectability issues. We found that population size estimates from the former French breeding bird atlas were lower than those estimated using HDS for 65% of species. Such a prevalence of lower estimations is likely due to more conservative estimates inferred from semi-quantitative expert-based assessments used for the previous atlas. We also found that species with long-range songs such as the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), Eurasian Hoopoe (Upupa epops) or the Eurasian Blackbird (Turdus merula) had, in contrast, higher estimated population sizes in the previous atlas than in our HDS models. Our study highlights the need to rely on sound statistical methodology to ensure reliable ecological inferences with adequate uncertainty estimation and advocates for a higher reliance on structured CS in support of long-term biodiversity monitoring.
Marker Assisted Selection of Fhb1 Gene for Scab Resistance (FHB) and Evaluation of FHB Resistance in Field in 4 Wheat F2 Populations Derived from H140-2
Authors: Huang Qianglan , Tang Liangyu , Zhou Xingyu , Li Xuemei , Yuan Sijia , Yang Jiezhi , Chen Wei , Tan Feiquan , Yang Suizhuang
Published: August 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB), is a fungal disease threatening wheat production and food security. Fhb1, the most potent anti-FHB gene, is widely used in wheat breeding. However, few varieties are highly resistant to FHB. It is thus critical to develop FHB-resistant cultivars using the appropriate genes. In this study, we identified an FHB-resistant germplasm, H140-2 carrying Fhb1. Thereafter, to accelerate the development of the FHB-resistant cultivar, H140-2 was crossed with Chuannong 30, Chuannong 32, and Chuannong 42. The diagnostic marker, TaHRC-GSM, of Fhb1 was employed in the F2 and F2:3 populations obtained from the aforementioned three crosses to identify FHB-resistant germplasms. The results demonstrated that Fhb1 could reduce the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (PFDK) and improve wheat FHB resistance. To screen FHB-resistant lines with greater yield potential, we also evaluated grain weight per spike (GWS) and overall FHB resistance in the F2 and F2:3 populations. Finally, we selected six FHB-resistant lines with the highest GWS values and Fhb1, especially L6 with a similar GWS and a lower PFDK value at 1.5% compared to CN32, which will play a key role in wheat breeding practice. These findings illustrated that the diagnostic marker, TaHRC-GSM, as well as the entire FHB resistance evaluation process can be used to successfully screen FHB-resistant wheat lines, laying the foundation for FHB resistance improvement.
Professor, aluno e escola: encontros e desencontros dessa relação
Authors: Morais Créscia de Faria
Published: August 2024

A avaliação do professor pelo aluno pode contribuir de forma significativa para a melhoria das decisões do processo de ensino e aprendizado. O presente estudo aborda a possibilidade de transformação do ato educativo sob o ponto de vista do aluno da 7ª série do ensino fundamental de escola pública no Brasil. O objetivo é discutir os resultados da avaliação pelo aluno da tarefa de educar, do relacionamento com a Direção e da instituição escolar. O instrumento metodológico utilizado foi o questionário, cujas respostas foram analisadas conforme a Análise de Conteúdo. Observou-se que, na visão do aluno, falta na escola algumas habilidades no ato de ensinar. Concluiu-se que, para o aluno, se houvesse mais respeito mútuo, solidariedade e dinamismo os projetos pedagógicos seriam melhor desenvolvidos.
Diagnostic Role of The Bethesda System of Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and Immunohistochemistry as an Adjunct to Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rao Swati , Gupta Prajwala , Sharma Nishi , Bhardwaj Minakshi
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) plays a crucial role in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. The Bethesda System of Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC; 2023) is a standardised system for reporting thyroid FNAC. However, diagnostic challenges can occur in each category of TBSRTC. Aim: To categorise thyroid FNAC according to TBSRTC and revisit the challenges of cytological diagnosis in each category. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2020 (18 months) in the Department of Pathology at ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital in New Delhi, India. The study included all 470 thyroid FNA cases received in the department from patients presenting with palpable thyroid nodules or ultrasonographically detected solid thyroid lesions, regardless of their age or sex. The cases were classified according to TBSRTC. Diagnostic tests were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and diagnostic accuracy of TBSRTC. Immunoexpression for Human Bone Marrow Endothelium marker-1 (HBME-1) and p63 was studied in Bethesda III to VI category cases, i.e., atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), Suspicious for Malignancy (SFM) and malignant cases only, and not in categories I and II. Results: The study included 470 thyroid FNA cases with a mean age of 39.72 years. Cytohistological follow-up was available for 50 cases, of which six cases were discordant and the remaining 44 cases were concordant. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of TBSRTC were calculated as 50%, 97.06%, 32%, 80.49%, and 82%, respectively. Three cases with diagnostic challenges were revisited and discussed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a total of 33 FNAC cases. However, histological follow-up was available for only 18 cases, of which seven cases were diagnosed as Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) on histological follow-up. HBME-1 and p63 were positive in 57.14% and 42.86% of these cases, respectively. Conclusion: The TBSRTC, 2023, is an excellent reporting system for thyroid FNA and serves as an initial investigative tool for thyroid lesions. Present study findings reveal that it has high specificity and diagnostic accuracy. The Risk of Malignancy (ROM) was comparable to other studies, except for the Bethesda II category. Immunoexpression of HBME-1 and p63 was useful in isolated cases; however, it is not sufficient for cytological diagnosis.
Der Begriff des Bildnisses bei Verkörperung durch eine andere Person — Zugleich eine Besprechung der jüngsten Rechtsprechung des BGH zum Recht am eigenen Bild bei Darstellungen realer Vorbilder durch Schauspieler und Auftritten von Doppelgängern/ Lookalikes
Authors: Schertz Christian
Published: August 2024

Beim Recht am eigenen Bild schien der Bildnisbegriff des § 22 Satz 1 KUG in den letzten Jahren im Wesentlichen geklärt. Abbildungen von Doppelgängern, etwa in der Werbung bzw. Darstellungen realer Personen durch Schauspieler, waren als Bildnisse der von ihnen verkörperten Personen anzusehen. Der BGH hob aber mit seiner Entscheidung in Bezug auf den Spielfilm „Die Auserwählten“ im Jahr 2021 seine bisherige Rechtsprechung auf. Er sah in der Darstellung der realen Person durch den Schauspieler in dem Spielfilm kein Bildnis i.S.v. § 22 Satz 1 KUG. Das Urteil kann in seinen Folgen gerade für die Film- und Fernsehbranche als nicht weitreichend genug eingeschätzt werden. So dürfte in den allermeisten Fällen von Darstellungen in Spielfilmen durch einen Schauspieler dem Darstellten ein Unterlassungsanspruch aufgrund seines Rechts am eigenen Bild i.S.v. § 22 KUG versagt bleiben. Für Film- und Fernsehproduzenten wird es hierdurch rechtssicherer, tatsächliche Ereignisse und Biografien zu verfilmen. Für die Betroffenen, insb. in sog. True Crime Formaten, führt das teilweise zur Rechtlosigkeit. Kurz danach entschied der I. Zivilsenat des BGH, der für die vermögensrechtliche Seite des Persönlichkeitsrechts zuständig ist, erneut zum Bildnisbegriff im Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung des Bildnisses einer Doppelgängerin der Sängerin Tina Turner auf einem Plakat, welches für das Musical „Die Tina Turner Story“ warb. Er bejahte im konkreten Fall das Vorliegen eines Bildnisses, erlaubte aber die konkrete Nutzung unter dem Gesichtspunkt des § 23 Abs. 1 Ziff. 4 KUG. Die aktuellen Gerichtsentscheidungen geben hinreichend Anlass, sich einmal grundsätzlich mit der Frage des Bildnisbegriffs bei Verkörperung durch eine andere Person zu beschäftigen, die diesbezügliche bisherige Rechtsprechung und Literatur zu benennen, sich aber ebenso mit der aktuellen Rechtsprechung des BGH kritisch auseinanderzusetzen. Der nunmehr vom BGH enger gefasste Anwendungsbereich von § 22 KUG erscheint in hohem Maße insb. in Zeiten bedenklich, in denen reale Personen durch Replikanten im Wege künstlicher Intelligenz verkörpert werden, etwa in Form von sog. Deep Fakes. Es bestehen erhebliche Gefahren, die einen weiteren, im Ergebnis also den ursprünglichen Bildnisbegriff, unbedingt einfordern, um auch solche Verletzungen des Rechts am eigenen Bild zu sanktionieren.
Notwendige Vermeidung einer Politisierung medienrechtlicher Verfahren zur Bewahrung der Medienund Meinungsfreiheit
Authors: Weberling Johannes
Published: August 2024

Die wünschenswerte oder abzulehnende Politisierung des Verfahrens( rechts) ist seit Jahren Gegenstand der rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskussion und war nicht zuletzt Gegenstand der 9. Prozessrechtstagung 2023 in Heidelberg. Für das Medienrecht gilt vor diesem Hintergrund mehr denn je: Die Vermeidung einer Politisierung medienrechtlicher Verfahren ist unerlässlich, wenn die Medienund Meinungsfreiheit in Deutschland bewahrt werden soll. Das Verfahrensrecht selbst ist politisch neutral.
Praxisrelevante Rechtsfragen der Gründung und Governance einer monistischen SE
Authors: Schatz Matthias , Lüttenberg Christoph
Published: August 2024

Die Karriere der Europäischen Aktiengesellschaft (SE) in Deutschland darf als Erfolgsgeschichte bezeichnet werden. Die kontinuierlich steigende Zahl operativ tätiger SEs spricht für sich. Die positive Resonanz kommt dabei nicht von ungefähr, bietet die SE doch eine ganze Reihe von Vorteilen. Während die Mehrzahl der in Deutschland ansässigen SEs nach wie vor das aus dem deutschen Aktienrecht geläufige dualistische Leitungssystem aufweist, findet sich inzwischen auch eine stattliche Anzahl von SEs mit monistischer Leitungsstruktur. Diese Leitungsstruktur kann insbesondere für Familienunternehmen und VCfinanzierte Unternehmen attraktiv sein. Zugleich bleibt die monistische SE auch fast 20 Jahre nach ihrer Einführung ein Fremdkörper im deutschen Aktienrecht, dessen Normenbestand sich am dualistischen System mit Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat ausrichtet und dessen Interpretation durch Gerichte und Literatur für die monistische SE daher nur von bedingtem Nutzen ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund geben die Verfasser im folgenden Beitrag einen kurzen Überblick über die Grundstruktur sowie mögliche Vorteile des monistischen Leitungssystems. Sodann beleuchten sie einige praxisrelevante Rechtsfragen, die sich im Zusammenhang mit der Gründung einer monistischen SE stellen.
Nochmal: Novation des Anspruchs auf Verlustausgleich
Authors: Hentzen Matthias
Published: August 2024

Die Interessen der Gläubiger und außenstehenden Gesellschafter stehen im Spannungsverhältnis zu den ökonomischen Vorteilen, die mit dem Vertragskonzern erzielt werden sollen. Lebhaft wird diskutiert, wie die herrschende und abhängige Gesellschaft mit den Mitteln umgehen dürfen, die als Verlustausgleich zu leisten sind. Der Beitrag analysiert die Anforderungen, die erfüllt werden müssen, damit eine Novation als Erfüllung des Anspruchs gelten kann.
AGB-Recht – Aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Einbeziehung, Inhaltskontrolle und Rechtsfolgen
Authors: Zimmermann Martin
Published: August 2024

Der Beitrag dient der Fortführung der Rechtsprechungsübersichten für das Jahr 2022 (Zimmermann, MDR 2023, 873 und MDR 2023, 951). Er gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der obergerichtlichen und höchstrichterlichen Rechtsprechung zum AGB-Recht im Jahr 2023, soweit sie allgemeine Fragen der AGBKontrolle wie insbesondere AGB-Begriff, Auslegungsfragen und Rechtsfolgen unwirksamer Klauseln betrifft. In einem gesonderten Aufsatz (demnächst in der MDR) werden einzelne Vertragstypen und -klauseln behandelt.
Die Rolle des Bundesfinanzhofs in der Beihilfekontrolle
Authors: Kugelmüller-Pugh Anette
Published: August 2024

Die vorliegende Abhandlung zeigt die Rolle des BFH in der europäischen Beihilfekontrolle auf. Zunächst stellt die Autorin dar, dass eine nationale Steuerbegünstigung eine unionsrechtswidrige Beihilfe sein kann und eine entsprechende Prüfung auf vier Stufen erfolgt. Im Anschluss wird das Zusammenspiel der Kommission, des EuGH und des BFH in der Beihilfekontrolle beleuchtet. Es wird ausgeführt, dass der BFH als letztinstanzliches nationales Gericht bei ungeklärter Rechtslage zu einem Vorabentscheidungsersuchen an den EuGH verpflichtet ist. Des Weiteren wird erläutert, dass der BFH in eine Prüfung nur eintreten kann, wenn bei ihm ein Verfahren anhängig ist. Dabei ist das Rechtsschutzziel des Steuerpflichtigen stets die Aufhebung oder Änderung von Steuerbescheiden. Der BFH hat außerdem zwischen Altbeihilfen und Neubeihilfen zu unterscheiden, da sie unterschiedlichen Regelungen folgen. Bei der Prüfung von Neubeihilfen wird verdeutlicht, dass der BFH vier Kategorien anwendet. In der ersten Kategorie ist die Beihilfefrage nicht entscheidungserheblich, da die Revision nach nationalem Recht unbegründet ist. In Kategorie zwei kommt es zwar auf die Beihilfefrage an, jedoch hat der BFH keine Zweifel, dass die Steuerbegünstigung keine unionsrechtswidrige Beihilfe ist. In der dritten Kategorie ersucht der BFH den EuGH um Vorabentscheidung, weil er die Rechtslage durch die bisherige Rechtsprechung noch nicht als geklärt ansieht. Die vierte Kategorie schließlich umfasst Fallgestaltungen, in denen der BFH von der Unionsrechtswidrigkeit der Steuerbegünstigungsvorschrift ausgeht und sie deshalb in dem bei ihm anhängigen Verfahren nicht anwendet. Abschließend zeigt die Autorin auf, dass sich aus der umfangreichen Analyse der BFH-Rechtsprechung eine in Inhalt und Menge ausgewogene Kontrollfunktion des BFH ableiten lässt.
Pinch Analysis for Energy Optimization
Authors: Zhu Frank Xin X.
Published: September 2015

This article describes several methods in pinch analysis for energy and process integrated optimization. First, the energy targeting method is illustrated, which is a very powerful tool for identifying energy‐saving opportunities. Second, the network pinch method is discussed, which is used for determining cost‐effective HEN modifications. Finally, the process integration method for identifying process changes is explained. It has been demonstrated through many applications that integrated energy and process improvements can achieve much more significant benefits than doing energy modifications alone.
Missing western half of the Pacific Plate: Geochemical nature of the Izanagi‐Pacific Ridge interaction with a stationary boundary between the Indian and Pacific mantles
Authors: Miyazaki Takashi , Kimura Jun‐Ichi , Senda Ryoko , Vaglarov Bogdan S. , Chang Qing , Takahashi Toshiro , Hirahara Yuka , Hauff Folkmar , Hayasaka Yasutaka , Sano Sakae , Shimoda Gen , Ishizuka Osamu , Kawabata Hiroshi , Hirano Naoto , Machida Shiki , Ishii Teruaki , Tani Kenichiro , Yoshida Takeyoshi
Published: September 2015

The source mantle of the basaltic ocean crust on the western half of the Pacific Plate was examined using Pb‐Nd‐Hf isotopes. The results showed that the subducted Izanagi‐Pacific Ridge (IPR) formed from both Pacific (180–∼80 Ma) and Indian (∼80–70 Ma) mantles. The western Pacific Plate becomes younger westward and is thought to have formed from the IPR. The ridge was subducted along the Kurile‐Japan‐Nankai‐Ryukyu (KJNR) Trench at 60–55 Ma and leading edge of the Pacific Plate is currently stagnated in the mantle transition zone. Conversely, the entire eastern half of the Pacific Plate, formed from isotopically distinct Pacific mantle along the East Pacific Rise and the Juan de Fuca Ridge, largely remains on the seafloor. The subducted IPR is inaccessible; therefore, questions regarding which mantle might be responsible for the formation of the western half of the Pacific Plate remain controversial. Knowing the source of the IPR basalts provides insight into the Indian‐Pacific mantle boundary before the Cenozoic. Isotopic compositions of the basalts from borehole cores (165–130 Ma) in the western Pacific show that the surface oceanic crust is of Pacific mantle origin. However, the accreted ocean floor basalts (∼80–70 Ma) in the accretionary prism along the KJNR Trench have Indian mantle signatures. This indicates the younger western Pacific Plate of IPR origin formed partly from Indian mantle and that the Indian‐Pacific mantle boundary has been stationary in the western Pacific at least since the Cretaceous.