bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pixel-based analysis of pulmonary changes on CT lung images due to COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Soya Elif , Ekenel Nur , Savas Recep , Toprak Tugce , Bewes James , Doganay Ozkan
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) plays a complementary role in the diagnosis of the pneumonia-burden of COVID-19 disease. However, the low contrast of areas of inflammation on CT images, areas of infection are difficult to identify. The purpose of this study is to develop a post-image-processing method for quantitative analysis of COVID-19 pneumonia-related changes in CT attenuation values using a pixel-based analysis rather than more commonly used clustered focal pneumonia volumes. The COVID-19 pneumonia burden is determined by experienced radiologists in the clinic. Previous AI software was developed for the measurement of COVID-19 lesions based on the extraction of local pneumonia features. In this respect, changes in the pixel levels beyond the clusters may be overlooked by deep learning algorithms. The proposed technique focuses on the quantitative measurement of COVID-19 related pneumonia over the entire lung in pixel-by-pixel fashion rather than only clustered focal pneumonia volumes.

Material and Methods: Fifty COVID-19 and 50 age-matched negative control patients were analyzed using the proposed technique and commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software. The %pneumonia was calculated using the relative volume of parenchymal pixels within an empirically defined CT density range, excluding pulmonary airways, vessels, and fissures. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to investigate the statistical difference between lobar and whole lung %pneumonia in the negative control and COVID-19 cohorts.

Results: The threshold of high-and-low CT attenuation values related to pneumonia caused by COVID-19 were found to be between ₋642.4 HU and 143 HU. The %pneumonia of the whole lung, left upper, and lower lobes were 8.1 ± 4.4%, 6.1 ± 4.5, and 11.3 ± 7.3% for the COVID-19 cohort, respectively, and statistically different (P < 0.01). Additionally, the pixel-based methods correlate well with existing AI methods and are approximately four times more sensitive to pneumonia particularly at the upper lobes compared with commercial software in COVID-19 patients (P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Pixel-by-pixel analysis can accurately assess pneumonia in COVID-19 patients with CT. Pixel-based techniques produce more sensitive results than AI techniques. Using the proposed novel technique, %pneumonia could be quantitatively calculated not only in the clusters but also in the whole lung with an improved sensitivity by a factor of four compared to AI-based analysis. More significantly, pixel-by-pixel analysis was more sensitive to the upper lobe pneumonia, while AI-based analysis overlooked the upper lung pneumonia region. In the future, this technique can be used to investigate the efficiency of vaccines and drugs and post COVID-19 effects.
Chemical Speciation study of Ternary complexes of Zn(II)-Azelaic acid dihydrazide-L-Proline and Zn(II)-Azelaic acid dihydrazide-L-Lysine in aqueous medium
Authors: Nirmala Devi D. , Shyamala P. , Uma Rani B. , Satyanarayana A.
Published: February 2022

Chemometric speciation study of ternary complexes containing Zn(II) with a non toxic and ditopic ligand L= Azelaic acid dihydrazide (AZDH) and X= α-amino acids (L - Proline and L – Lysine) of type [MmLlX xHh], (where m=1, 2; l=1; x=1, 2 and h= -2 to 5) in different ratios of M:L:X= 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 2:1:1and 2:1:2 was carried out using potentiometric method of data acquisition followed by chemometric modelling methods of analysis using SOPHD program and MINIQUAD-75 program. The stability constants of the ternary complexes were determined at 303± 0.1 K and 0.1M ionic strength. Best-fit chemical models were selected on the basis of statistical parameters like standard deviation (SD), U (sum of the residual squares in mass balance equations) and chi-square test etc. Zn(II)-AZDHLysine ternary complexes were found to be more stable due to side chain presence in the lysine. Comparitive stabilities of ternary complexes and binary species were evaluated quantitatively using  log K formulation.
Enzym-immunologische Tests: Analytische Methoden im Baukastensystem
Authors: Gallati Harald
Published: February 2022

Using an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA), virtually alI organic substances can be Simply, specifically, and sensitively determined as well as quantitively evaluated. For these reasons, this assay method may be of interest as an analytic tool for chemists. This report describes the individual
components of an 'EIA Building Block System'. A wide variety of assay combinations can be readily developed, but only after several basic concepts have been mastered. These concepts include: what an immunological reaction is; the meaning of antigen, antibody, and enzyme;
how these three components interact with the help of covalent bonds; and finally, what effects may be obtained by immobilizing an antigen or an antibody onto a solid phase. The most important EIA versions are systematically presented and discussed in order to examine unique reagent
combinations. For readers who intend to further pursue the use of EIA technology, several review articles are indicated as an appendix
An Efficient Method of Preparing (R)- and (S)-4,4,4-Trifluoro9-3-hydroxybutanoic Acid: Resolution with (R)- or (S)-1-Phenylethylamine
Authors: Acs Mária , Von dem Bussche Christoph , Seebach Dieter
Published: February 2022

Two crystallizations of the unlike salts 2 from 4,4,4-trif1uoro-3-hydroxybutanoic acid (1) and 1-phenylethylamine, followed by recovery of the free acid, lead to the isolation, in ca. 30% (60% of the theoretical amount), of the (R)- and (S)-acid
1 (m.p. 44°) in ? 98 % enantiomeric excess. The purity of 1 was determined by Mosher's method,and the sense of chirality (+)-(R) and (?)-(S) determined by chemical correlation. The resolution procedure leading to enantiomerically pure 1
is compared with the methods using enzymatic or microbial enantioselective reactions.
EFFECT OF AUXINOGENIC BACTERIAL STRAINS ON THE GROWTH OF WHEAT PLANTS OF VARIOUS ABIOTIC STRESS
Authors: Тимергалин М.Д. , Феоктистова А.В. , Рамеев Т.В. , Четверикова Д.В. , Кенджиева А.А. , Шарипов Д.А. , Стариков С.Н. , Бакаева М.Д. , Худайгулов Г.Г. , Четвериков С.П.
Published: February 2022

Приведены результаты влияния бактерий Pseudomonas koreensis ИБ-4 и Pseudomonas sp. ДА1.2 на растения пшеницы при гербицидном стрессе и дефиците воды разной интенсивности. Показано благоприятное влияние данных штаммов бактерий на рост растений при воздействии гербицидов и засухи, а также их способность снижать содержание пролина в условиях гербицидного стресса.

The results of the influence of Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4 and Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 bacteria on wheat plants under herbicide stress and water deficit of different intensity are presented.The beneficial effect of these bacterial strains on plant growth under the influence of herbicides and drought, as well as the ability to reduce the content of proline under herbicide stress, has been shown.
USING THE GENETIC POTENTIAL OF THE WORLD TOBACCO COLLECTION IN BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE
Authors: ХОМУТОВА С.А. , КУБАХОВА А.А. , ШУРАЕВА Г.П.
Published: February 2022

Проведена оценка селекционного материала на болезнеустойчивость и выделены перспективные генотипы с высоким уровнем устойчивости к основным болезням (к табачной, огуречной мозаикам, мучнистой росе, бактериальной рябухе, пероноспорозу).Многолетняя оценка перспективного исходного материала на устойчивость к основным болезням показала, что основными типами устойчивости были следующие: иммунитет, в основе которого лежит реакция сверхчувствительности, толерантность и ограничение развития возбудителя болезней в тканях растений.

The evaluation of breeding material for disease resistance and identified promising genotypes with a high level of resistance to major diseases, tobacco mosaic, powdery mildew, bacterial Ryabukha, downy mildew. The long-term assessment of the prospective source material for resistance to major diseases showed that the main types of resistance were the following: immunity, which is based on the reaction of hypersensitivity, tolerance and restriction of the development of the pathogen in plant tissues.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT STATE OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS RESERVOIR OF THE ELDAROVO FIELD AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INCREASING OIL RECOVERY AND WELL PRODUCTION RATES
Authors: ХАЛАДОВ А.Ш. , АЛИЕВ И.И. , ДУДАЕВ М.М. , ХАЛАДОВ М.С. , АЛЕРОЕВ Б.А.
Published: February 2022

Увеличение нефтеотдачи пластов - актуальная проблема нефтяной науки и нефтедобывающих предприятий. В настоящее время разрабатываются и эксплуатируются месторождения с трудноизвлекаемыми запасами нефти, которые приурочены к низкопроницаемым, слабодренируемым, неоднородным и расчленённым коллекторам. Несмотря на высокое развитие техники и технологий добычи нефти, средняя нефтеотдача в России не превышает 40%, следовательно, более половины первоначальных геологических запасов нефти остаются не извлечёнными. Для повышения нефтеотдачи на месторождениях приходится применять специальные мероприятия по интенсификации добычи и повышении. нефтеотдачи. И как следствие, необходим анализ применяемых технологий. В разные периоды разработки Эльдаровского месторождения возникали и решались проблемы, связанные с осложнениями в добыче нефти. В настоящее время эти осложнения связаны в большей мере с низкой продуктивностью скважин, а также с необходимостью проведения капитального ремонта. В сложившейся обстановке необходимо выработать методы и методики наиболее эффективных и энергосберегающих технологий добычи нефти с максимальным извлечением запасов углеводородов.

Increased oil recovery is an urgent problem of petroleum science and oil production enterprises. Currently, fields with hard-to-recover oil reserves are being developed and exploited, which are confined to low-permeability, poorly drained, heterogeneous and dissected reservoirs. Despite the high development of equipment and technologies for oil production, the average oil recovery in Russia does not exceed 40%, therefore, more than half of the original geological oil reserves remain undeveloped. To increase oil recovery at the fields, it is necessary to take special measures to stimulate production and increase. oil recovery. As a result, an analysis of the applied technologies is required. In different periods of development of the Eldarovskoye field, problems arose and were solved related to complications in oil production. Currently, these complications are associated to a greater extent with the low productivity of the wells, as well as with the need for capital repairs. In the current situation, it is necessary to develop methods and techniques for the most efficient and energy-saving technologies for oil production with maximum recovery of hydrocarbon reserves.
GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION OF INTRODUCTION OF HOMOGENEOUS PLANE COORDINATES
Authors: Буняева Е.В. , Вялкова О.С. , Графский О.А. , Ельцова В.Ю. , Пономарчук Ю.В.
Published: February 2022

При выполнении расчетно-графических работ студентами направления 09.03.01 - Информатика и вычислительная техника (профиль подготовки - Системы автоматизированного проектирования) и направления 09.03.03 - Прикладная информатика (профиль подготовки - Прикладная информатика в дизайне), в матричных операциях приходится применять однородные координаты. Алгебраическое представление этих координат известно, но при решении геометрических задач, в которые входят композиции преобразований, а также моделирование сплайнов, предназначенных для интерполяции и аппроксимации, следует рассмотреть однородные координаты с геометрической позиции. Работа выполнена в рамках научных исследований по проблемам высшей школы на кафедре «Вычислительная техника и компьютерная графика».

When performing calculation and graphic work by students of the direction 09.03.01 - Informatics and computer engineering (training profile - Computer-aided design systems) and directions 09.03.03 - Applied computer science (training profile - Applied computer science in design), in matrix operations it is necessary to use uniform coordinates no misters. The algebraic representation of these coordinates is known, but when solving geometric problems that include transformation compositions, as well as modeling splines designed for interpolation and approximation, homogeneous coordinates with a geometric position should be considered. The work was carried out as part of scientific research on the problems of the Higher School at the Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Graphics.
Polymorphic variants of rs4712524 and rs6931514 in the CDKAL1 gene: association with the risk of developmentof type 2 diabetes mellitus in Russian population
Authors: Азарова Ю.Э.
Published: February 2022

Научная статья посвящена изучению взаимосвязи между полиморфными локусами гена CDKAL1, кодирующего фермент метилтиотрансферазу, и риском развития сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) у 3206 неродственных индивидов – 1579 пациентов с СД2 и 1627 здоровых добровольцев. Впервые в русской популяции установлено, что носительство минорных аллелей однонуклеотидных вариантов rs4712524 (G > A) и rs6931514 (G > A) гена CDKAL1 ассоциировано с повышенным риском развития СД2 независимо от пола, возраста и индекса массы тела пациентов.

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the polymorphic loci in the CDKAL1 gene encoding the methylthiotransferase enzyme and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in 3206 unrelated individuals – 1579 patients with T2D and 1627 healthy volunteers. It was established for the first time in the Russian population that carriage of minor alleles of single nucleotide variants rs4712524 (G > A) and rs6931514 (G > A) in the CDKAL1 gene is associated with increased risk of T2D, regardless of age, sex and body mass index of the patients.
Heavy metals in bottom sediments of the reservoirand soils of the city of Voronezh
Authors: Каверина Н.В. , Куролап С.А. , Прожорина Т.И.
Published: February 2022

Загрязнение окружающей среды крупных промышленно развитых городов тяжелыми металлами стало актуальной мировой проблемой. Напряженная экологическая ситуация складывается практически во всех городах и крупных административных центрах.Проведенные исследования и расчеты позволили получить актуальную количественную характеристику и качественную оценку состояния почвенного покрова и донных отложений в г. Воронеже.

The pollution of the environment of large industrialized cities with heavy metals has become an urgent global problem. The tense ecological situation is developing in almost all cities and large administrative centers.The studies and calculations made it possible to obtain an actual quantitative characteristic and a qualitative assessment of the state of the soil cover and bottom sediments in Voronezh.
Analysis of the mechanisms of hypnosis from the perspective of the dominant doctrine of academician Ukhtomsky
Authors: Ананьев В.Н. , Торшин В.И.
Published: February 2022

В нашей работе показано, что гипноз является эффективным физиологическим методом изучения высшей нервной деятельности человека, в том числе и учения академика А.А. Ухтомского о доминанте. На основании научного исследования доказано, что доминанта в гипнозе обладает особыми свойствами формироваться быстро и надолго по приказу гипнотизера и полностью подавляет работу и превосходит по силе все остальные доминанты, эта доминанта названа нами доминанта гипноза.

In our work, we have shown that hypnosis is an effective physiological method for studying the higher nervous activity of a person, including the teachings of academician A. A. Ukhtomsky about the dominant. Based on scientific research, it has been proved that the dominant in hypnosis has special properties to be formed immediately and for a long time at the order of the hypnotist and immediately suppresses and surpasses all other dominants this dominant is called the dominant of hypnosis.
Identification of the minimum of the Allan variation curve in the study of electrochemical noise
Authors: Абатуров М.А.
Published: February 2022

Рассмотрены возможности применения метода вариаций Аллана для анализа шумов электрохимической системы Li-MnO2 . Для анализа использовался временной ряд записи с дискретизацией 610 Гц продолжительностью 1800 с. Показано, что кривая вариации Аллана согласуется с квадратичным законом статистического усреднения. Установлено, что при малом числе кластеров результат усреднения сопровождается заметным разбросом оценки. Во временном ходе кривой вариации Аллана была выявлена тенденция формирования минимума при временах 100–200 с. Сделан вывод о результативности применения метода вариации Аллана.

The possibilities of using the Allan variation method for analyzing the noise of an electrochemical system Li-MnO2 are considered. The time series of recording with sampling of 610 Hz and duration of 1800 s was used for the analysis. It is shown that the Allan variational curve agrees with the quadratic law of statistical averaging. It is found that for a small number of clusters, the averaging result is accompanied by a noticeable spread in the estimate. In the time course of the Allan variation curve, a tendency to form a minimum at times of 100–200 s was revealed. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the Allan variation method.
Once again about phillomorphic branches in coniferous
Authors: Матюхин Д.Л. , Симахин М.В.
Published: February 2022

На основании многолетних исследований в коллекциях отечественных ботанических садов описаны ранее неизвестные варианты строения филломорфных ветвей у хвойных. Охарактеризованы разные типы филломорфных ветвей: простые и разветвленные, с листьями в одной плоскости и в двух параллельных плоскостях, с листьями разных типов, опадающих одновременно и целиком, продолжительное время и по частям. У некоторых филломорфных ветвей в их состав входят брахибласты, ксероморфные побеги и филлокладии. Филломорфные ветви характерны для всех семейств хвойных.

On the basis of many years of research in the collections of Russian botanical gardens, previously unknown variants of the structure of phillomorphic branches in conifers are described. Different types of phillomorphic branches are characterized: simple and branched, with leaves in one plane and in two parallel planes, with leaves of different types, falling off simultaneously and entirely, for a long time and in parts. Some phylomorphic branches include brachyblasts, xeromorphic shoots and phylloclades. Phillomorphic branches are characteristic of all coniferous families.
The life cycle of Acupalpus exiguus (Dejean, 1829) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the South of the Meshchera Lowland
Authors: Трушицына О.С.
Published: February 2022

По итогам исследований (2006–2008 гг.) на пойменных лугах Мещёрской низменности впервые описан жизненный цикл жужелицы Acupalpus exiguus (Dejean, 1829) на основании данных о половозрастном составе локальных популяций вида. Жизненный цикл реализуется как одногодичный моновольтинный моноцикл с весенне-летним размножением и зимовкой на стадии молодого имаго.

Research was carried out in 2006–2008 in the floodplain meadows of the Meshchera Lowland. The life cycle of Acupalpus exiguus (Dejean, 1829) according to data on sex and age structure of it local populations in different floodplain meadows of Meschera Lowland are described and discussed. The life cycle is realized as annuals the spring-summer period of reproduction and imago hibernation are observed.
Improving the operational efficiency of deep high-temperature wells
Authors: Халадов А.Ш.
Published: February 2022

В настоящее время многие из разрабатываемых нефтегазовых месторождений, как в мире, так и в России, находятся на поздней или завершающей стадии разработки. Поэтому для поддержания необходимых годовых отборов нефти в стране требуется разведка и ввод в эксплуатацию новых перспективных площадей. Зачастую такие действующие и новые месторождения нефти, и газа приурочены к глубокозалегающим продуктивным горизонтам, отличающихся высокими пластовыми температурами (до 180°С) и давлением (до 100 МПа). В большинстве случаев эти горизонты литологически представлены карбонатными пародами (как, например, в Грозненском нефтяном районе) и связаны с трещинно-поровым типом коллектора.

Currently, many of the developed oil and gas fields, both in the world and in Russia, are at a late or final stage of development. Therefore, to maintain the required annual oil withdrawals in the country, exploration and commissioning of new promising areas is required. Often, such active and new oil and gas fields are confined to deep-lying productive horizons, characterized by high reservoir temperatures (up to 180°C) and pressure (up to 100 MPa). In most cases, these horizons are lithologically represented by carbonate sediments (as, for example, in the Grozny oil region) and are associated with fractured-porous reservoir type.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ ПЕТРУШЕВСКОЙ В КИТАЕ
Authors: Чжан Х. , Сы Ц.
Published: February 2022

Людмила Петрушевская — одна из представительниц современной русской женской прозы. Ее творчество оказало значительное влияние на русскую литературу и вызвало отклики читателей и критиков. В России творчество Петрушевской изучено достаточно подробно, в то время как в Китае исследовано недостаточно. В данной статье анализируются существующее положение перевода произведений Петрушевской в Китае, исследование произведений Петрушевской в Китае, проблемы изучения творчества Петрушевской в Китае. Данная работа позволит целостно рассмотреть исследование произведений Петрушевской в Китае.
SPANISH NAMES ORTHOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND ETYMOLOGY
Authors: Камачо Ч.М.Д. , Подоплелова Я.В.
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены результаты исследования орфографических особенностей происхождения и написания испанских фамилий. Указывается, что на сегодняшний день существуют различные вариации написания испанских фамилий стран латиноамериканского региона. Сделан вывод о том, что правильность написания фамилий видоизменялась наряду с развитием исторических событий. Анализ показывает, что развитие технологий и телекоммуникаций в современном мире цифровизации способствует снижению тенденции проблемы неверного написания и интерпретации современных испанских фамилий.

The present article studies orthographic features of the names and surnames in Spanish-speaking countries and its etymology. It is considered that today there are various options of the Spanish names and surnames writing ability in Latin America. It is analyzed that formal correctness of the names and surnames spelling has been dramatically changed due to the periods of history. Modern technological development and digitalization has resulted in reducing trend of the wrong Spanish names and surnames spelling problem and contemporary new Spanish names interpretation.
МЕТОНИМИИ В ЯЗЫКЕ МАНСИЙСКИХ СКАЗОК
Authors: Панченко Л.Н.
Published: February 2022

В данной статье рассматриваются метонимия, как один из видов выразительных средств языка. На материале общепринятых классификаций метонимии, выявляется частота их использования в мансийских сказках, приводятся примеры.
О СРАВНЕНИИ ЗАСТОЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ В РОССИИ И КИТАЕ
Authors: Чжан Лю. , Чжао С.
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена анализу различий в застольных этикетах между Китаем и Россией. В работе рассмотрены роль застольных этикетов, различия манеров поведения и отношение современных людей к застольным этикетам в России и Китае. Сравнение застольной культурой способствует развитию отношения между Россией и Китаем
Data-informed reparameterization of modified RNA and the effect of explicit water models: Application to pseudouridine and derivatives
Authors: Dutta Nivedita , Deb Indrajit , Sarzynska Joanna , Lahiri Ansuman
Published: February 2022

Pseudouridine is the most abundant post-transcriptional modification in RNA. We have previously shown that the FF99-derived parameters for pseudouridine and some of its naturally occurring derivatives in the AMBER distribution either alone or in combination with the revised 𝛄 torsion parameters (parmbsc0) failed to reproduce their conformational characteristics observed experimentally (Deb I, et al. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2014, 54 (4):1129–1142; Deb I, et al. J. Comput. Chem., 2016, 37:1576−1588; Dutta N, et al. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2020, 60 (10):4995–5002). However, the application of the recommended bsc0 correction did lead to an improvement in the description not only of the distribution in the 𝛄 torsional space but also of the sugar pucker distributions. In an earlier study, we examined the transferability of the revised glycosidic torsion parameters (𝛘IDRP) for Ψ to its derivatives. We noticed that although these parameters in combination with the AMBER FF99-derived parameters and the revised 𝛄 torsional parameters resulted in conformational properties of these residues that were in better agreement with experimental observations, the sugar pucker distributions were still not reproduced accurately. Here we report a new set of partial atomic charges for pseudouridine, 1-methylpseudouridine, 3-methylpseudouridine and 2′-O-methylpseudouridine and a new set of glycosidic torsional parameters (𝛘ND) based on chosen glycosidic torsional profiles that most closely corresponded to the NMR data for conformational propensities and studied their effect on the conformational distributions using REMD simulations at the individual nucleoside level. We have also studied the effect of the choice of water model on the conformational characteristics of these modified nucleosides. Our observations suggest that the current revised set of parameters and partial atomic charges describe the sugar pucker distributions for these residues more accurately and that the choice of a suitable water model is important for the accurate description of their conformational properties.
β-X vs. β-H Elimination. Selection Rules for Chemoselectivity Enabled by Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Bogdos Michael , Stepanovic Olivera , Bismuto Alessandro , Luraschi Mauro , Morandi Bill
Published: February 2022

Alkylpalladium complexes are important intermediates in several industrially relevant catalytic reactions such as the Mizoroki–Heck, alkyl C–H activation and ethylene polymerisation. Beta-elimination - of either a hydride (β-Η) or a heteroatom (β-Χ) - is the most common decomposition pathway for these intermediates; this can either promote the desired reaction as in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction, or it can hinder reaction progress as in ethylene/vinyl halide co-polymerisations. Despite the importance of these elimination 15 processes, little mechanistic understanding exists with respect to the factors that control them. We present a systematic investigation of the factors governing the competition between β-Η and β-Χ in catalytically relevant alkylpalladium complexes. These results enabled us to derive selection rules which dictate ligand choice to control selectivity for either elimination. This knowledge may allow chemists to manipulate beta-eliminations in the design of chemoselective catalytic reactions for a wide range of applications.
Arylation of Pharmaceutically Relevant Strained Rings Using Electronically Tuned Redox-Active Esters
Authors: Salgueiro Daniel , Chi Benjamin , Garcia-Reynaga Pablo , Weix Daniel
Published: February 2022

Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates due to their improved pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, as well as their ability to orient substituents into favorable geometries for the potential improvement of the binding affinity to the biological target. Despite their importance, methodologies to cross-couple strained rings have been underdeveloped. The most abundant source of strained carbocycles and heterocycles is the corresponding carboxylic acid, making methods that employ this substrate pool attractive. Coupling of these carboxylic acids with halides, a second source of abundant building blocks, would allow for rapid access to a diverse set of functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all-carbon quaternary centers. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ring N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step or in situ, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The key to this success was the electronic modification of the NHP ester to make them less reactive, as well as the discovery of a new ligand, t-BuBpyCamCN, that avoids problematic side reactions. This method enables the incorporation of 3-membered rings, 4-membered rings, and bicyclic fragments onto (hetero)arenes derived from (hetero)aryl iodides and (hetero)aryl bromides, allowing for straightforward and direct access to arylated strained rings.
Exhaustive catalytic ortho-alkoxylation of azobenzenes: flexible access to functionally diverse yellow-light-responsive photoswitches
Authors: Müller-Deku Adrian , Thorn-Seshold Oliver
Published: February 2022

We develop the first method for catalytic, exhaustive ortho-alkoxylation of azobenzene photoswitches. Alkoxylation is known to improve the photoswitch properties that control azobenzenes' success in chemical biology or materials sciences: e.g. better completeness of both E→Z and Z→E photoisomerisations, and >100 nm red-shifting of photoresponse. Our method enables straightforward late-stage diversification of photoswitches with interesting functional handles. We showcase four applications, using it to rationally tune lipophilicity, prepare isotopic tracers for metabolism studies, install full water solubility without ionic charges, and efficiently access previously difficult mixed-substituent photoswitches. We also identified a previously unstudied mixed-substituent tetra-ortho-family, difluoro-dialkoxy-azobenzenes, whose photoresponse can outperform previous 'gold standard' tetrafluoro-, dichloro-difluoro-, and tetrachloro-azobenzenes in significant ways. We thus expect that both the scaffolds we showcase and the method we develop will impact broadly on photochemistry and photopharmacology.
ANALYSIS OF OPERATION PERFORMANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION NETWORK IN NORTH MOROWALI DISTRICT
Authors: Sakaria Muhlis , Tunas Gede , I Saparudin
Published: February 2022

Tambayoli Irrigation Area (Provincial Authority) located in North Morowali Regency has an area of 1,210 hectares, functional area 904 hectares, the realization of planting area I (MT. I) = 622 Ha, Planting Period II (MT. II) = 634 Ha. The Mamosalato Irrigation Area (Regency Authority) is also located in North Morowali Regency which has an area of 374 Ha, 152 Ha Functional Area, the realization of planting area I (MT. I) = 90 Ha, Planting Period II (MT. II) = 123 Ha. The irrigation area in these 2 (two) locations utilizes river water flow as a source of water, but there are several Irrigation Areas which are irrigation areas that can be classified as technical irrigation networks because they have permanent tapping structures and structures for those who are able to regulate and measure water flow. In irrigated areas, irrigation network operations and maintenance are rarely carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the operation performance and maintenance of irrigation networks to determine the extent of the irrigation system's performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of the authority of the Province D.I irrigation OP. Tambayoli and D.I. Mamosalato. Methods of data analysis were carried out by means of surveys and direct interviews in the field. The results showed that based on the overall index assessment the performance of the D.I. irrigation system. Tambayoli is 71.31%, which means that the performance is good (70% - 79%) while the performance of the irrigation system is D.I. Mamosalato is 44.55%, which means poor performance and needs attention (<55%), this is because D.I. Mamosalato received very little attention from the local government and the central government.
SASI DUKA (SAL): GRIEVING FAMILY RITUALS AS GRIEF MENTORING AND PSYCHO-COUNSELING IN TANAS VILLAGE, PAPUA
Authors: Barend Alexander Gabriel , Engel Jacob Daan , Pilakoannu Rama Tulus
Published: February 2022

This study aims to explore the culture, Sasi Duka as the mentoring and counseling in Tanas village in Papua. This research was conducted in one of the local communities in Papua, namely in the Tanas village. In this study, the theory that was used was the concept of mentoring and counseling which could be seen in the values, traditional rituals of local communities, which were local wisdom of the community, actually was able to be a power to help the bereaved family, because of the death of a loved one. This ritual was solidarity with the whole community in feeling the grief of their bereaved siblings, the Sasi Duka ritual was done for forty days, so that when it was finished the family has gone through a period of sadness and was able to relate normally as social beings.
PREDICTION OF BREAST CANCER USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Mondal Shudipti Rani , . Aafreen , Pal Rakesh
Published: February 2022

In order to support and supervise patients, the key detection and estimation of cancer type should establish a compulsion in the cancer research. Many research teams from the biomedical and bioinformatics fields have been advised to learn and evaluate the use of machine learning (ML) methods because of the relevance of classifying cancer patients into high or low risk clusters. To predict breast cancer, the logistic regression method and many classifiers have been proposed to generate profound predictions about breast cancer data in a new environment. This paper discusses the various approaches to data mining using classification to create deep predictions that can be applied to Breast Cancer data. In addition, by testing datasets on different classifiers, this analysis predicts the best model that delivers high efficiency. In this paper, the UCI machine learning repository has 699 instances with 11 attributes collected from the Breast cancer dataset. First, the data set is pre-processed, visualized and fed to different classifiers such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbour, Decision Tree and Random Forest. 10-fold cross validation is implemented and testing is carried out in order to create and validate new models. Effective analysis shows that Logistic Regression generates the deep predictions of all classifiers and obtains the best model delivering strong and precise outcomes, followed by other methods: Support Vector Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbour, Decision Tree and Random Forest. Most models were less reliable compared to the approach of logistic regression.
Mission Planning for Underwater Survey with Autonomous Marine Vehicles
Authors: Jang Junwoo , Do Haggi , Kim Jinwhan
Published: February 2022

With the advancement of intelligent vehicles and unmanned systems, there is a growing interest in underwater surveys using autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs). This study presents an automated planning strategy for a long-term survey mission using a fleet of AMVs consisting of autonomous surface vehicles and autonomous underwater vehicles. Due to the complex nature of the mission, the actions of the vehicle must be of high-level abstraction, which means that the actions indicate not only motion of the vehicle but also symbols and semantics, such as those corresponding to deploy, charge, and survey. For automated planning, the planning domain definition language (PDDL) was employed to construct a mission planner for realizing a powerful and flexible planning system. Despite being able to handle abstract actions, such high-level planners have difficulty in efficiently optimizing numerical objectives such as obtaining the shortest route given multiple destinations. To alleviate this issue, a widely known technique in operations research was additionally employed, which limited the solution space so that the high-level planner could devise efficient plans. For a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed method, various PDDL-based planners with different parameter settings were implemented, and their performances were compared through simulation. The simulation result shows that the proposed method outperformed the baseline solutions by yielding plans that completed the missions more quickly, thereby demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
Estrategias de emprendimiento durante la pandemia. Caso Ecuador
Authors: Abad Alvarado Guillermo Roberto , Martínez Vizuete Wilson Rolando , Carranco Madrid Soraya
Published: February 2022

A causa de la pandemia de la Covid 19 la economía a nivel mundial, tuvo que reconfigurarse más que todo en los países latinoamericanos, acostumbrados a vivir en la mayoría de los casos al día, y en donde la tecnología es utilizada para otras actividades, menos que en el sector comercial y Ecuador como país no escapo a esa situación. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enfoca hacia una metodología orientada hacia la necesidad de indagar en forma precisa y coherente una situación. Enmarcada dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, ya que nos vamos a ocupar de temas planteados a nivel teórico como es Estrategias de emprendimiento durante la pandemia. Caso Ecuador. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales impresos, audiovisuales y electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, PubMed, entre otros. La información aquí obtenida será revisada para su posterior análisis. Como se ha podido leer en el transcurso de la presente investigación, la llegada de la pandemia de la Covid 19, estremeció los cimientos de la economía mundial, como consecuencia de los aislamientos impuestos a la sociedad para evitar, disminuir y controlar los contagios ocasionados por el virus, restringiendo las actividades comerciales en sectores importantes como el turismo, aviación, ocio y recreación, y dejan hacer vida a actividades comerciales debido a su importancia estratégicas como los sectores de la salud y alimentación. En este apartado las economías más desarrolladas y con crecimientos económicos y calidades de vida de sus ciudadanos los impactos no fueron tan drásticos, no así en las economías latinoamericanas, acostumbradas en algunos casos a la subsistencia de sus ciudadanos en el día a día. El caso ecuatoriano no escapo de ello, es un país que generalmente tiene altos niveles de emprendimientos al año, sin embargo, no todos logran mantenerse en el tiempo, ya que emprender también requiere de conocimientos de cómo llevar un negocio, y las estadísticas reflejan que en ecuador se emprende para vivir y ayuda familiar, más que a generar otro tipo de plusvalía. En el contexto de la pandemia las estrategias utilizadas en la mayoría de los ejemplos presentados están direccionadas al marketing digital para promoción y ventas de productos, tanto nuevos como ya existentes, adaptación a las nuevas necesidades de los clientes, en este caso implementación del delivery, pagos fáciles o rápidos por aplicaciones móviles, y en otros casos refinanciamiento de deudas y ayudas por parte del Estado.
Caracterização Sedimentológica da Praia de Morro Branco, Litoral Leste Cearense: Uma Análise Espaço-temporal
Authors: Da Câmara Isaias Farias , Barros Eduardo Lacerda , Da Silva Rhaiane Rodrigues
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e caracterizar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos parâmetros estatísticos dos sedimentos superficiais da Praia de Morro Branco, no litoral leste cearense, com ênfase nos seguintes parâmetros: Diâmetro médio, grau de selecionamento, curtose e assimetria. Para isso, a metodologia utilizada foi a de Suguio (1973), tendo como base a escala de Wentworth (1992) e os parâmetros descritos por Folk e Ward (1957). Os softwares utilizados foram o Sistema de Análise Granulométrica (SAG) para o tratamento dos parâmetros estatísticos; o SigmaPlot para gerar os gráficos de dispersão e correlação; e o Surfer para a interpolação dos dados.  Os sedimentos que compõem a Praia de Morro Branco são predominantemente classificados de areia média e fina, com o grau de selecionamento moderado. Quanto a curtose, houve a presença majoritária de sedimentos leptocúrticos e mesocúrticos, tendo os valores de assimetria classificados por aproximadamente simétricos.  Houveram diferenças espaciais entre os setores leste, central e oeste; e temporal, baseada na influência dos processos costeiros e feições costeiras (dunas, falésias e plataforma de abrasão) sobre o ambiente praial. Os dados oriundos deste trabalho podem servir de subsídios para a gestão costeira e ambiental e apontam a necessidade da preservação das feições costeiras.  Sedimentological Characterization of the Morro Branco Beach, East Coast of Ceará: A Spatio-temporal AnalysisA B S T R A C TThe objective of this work was to evaluate and characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of the statistical parameters of the superficial sediments of the Morro Branco Beach in the east coast of Ceará State, with emphasis on the following parameters: Mean size, sorting, kurtosis and skewness. For this, the methodology used was that of Suguio (1973), based on the Wentworth scale (1922) and the parameters described by Folk and Ward (1957). The software used was the Granulometric Analysis System (GAS) for the treatment of statistical parameters; SigmaPlot to generate the scatter and correlation graphs; and Surfer for data interpolation. The sediments present at Morro Branco Beach are predominantly classified as medium and fine sand, with a moderate sorting. As for kurtosis, there was a major presence of leptocurtic and mesocurtic sediments, with the values of skewness being classified by approximately symmetrical. There were spatial differences between the eastern, central and western sectors; and temporal, based on the influence of coastal processes and coastal features (dunes, cliffs and abrasion platform) on the beach environment. The data from this work can use as subsidies for coastal and environmental management and point to the need to preserve coastal features.Keywords:  Mean size; sorting; kurtosis and skewness
Estabilidade de agregados dos solos em uma topossequência cultivada com cana-de-açúcar em Astorga-PR
Authors: Marcatto Francieli Sant'ana , Silveira Hélio , Fontana Alan Charles
Published: February 2022

A cana-de-açúcar têm se expandido no Brasil, principalmente sobre as áreas cultivadas com pastagens, aumentando a degradação estrutural dos solos.  Diante disso, este trabalho propõe determinar a estabilidade de agregados dos solos ao longo de uma topossequência derivada de arenitos da Formação Santo Anastácio, visando compreender a dinâmica natural destes solos e a interferência do manejo da cana-de-açúcar na sua qualidade estrutural e suscetibilidade erosiva. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram o levantamento da topossequência, a abertura de trincheiras, a descrição morfológica dos perfis e a coleta de amostras para a determinação da granulometria, argila dispersa em água, densidade do solo, diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados, carbono orgânico e óxidos de ferro e alumínio. O diâmetro dos agregados variou de acordo com as características morfológicas dos solos e o manejo empregado no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, com a formação de agregados pequenos e mais suscetíveis a erosão no horizonte superficial do Luvissolo e Argissolo. No Latossolo foi identificado indícios de compactação superficial e a formação de agregados grandes devido a processos mecânicos relacionados ao manejo.Palavras-chave: degradação estrutural, bacia hidrográfica do Pirapó, solos arenosos, suscetibilidade a erosão. Soil aggregates stability in a toposequence cultivated with sugarcane in Astorga-PR A B S T R A C TSugarcane has expanded in Brazil, mainly over areas cultivated with pastures, increasing the structural degradation of soils. Therefore, this work proposes to determine the stability of soil aggregates along a toposequence derived from sandstones of the Santo Anastácio Formation, to understand the natural dynamics of soils and the interference of sugarcane management in its structural quality and erosive susceptibility. The methodological procedures included the survey of the toposequence, the opening of trenches, the morphological description of the profiles and the collection of samples to determine the granulometry, clay dispersed in water, soil density, mean weight diameter of aggregates, organic carbon, iron and aluminum oxide. The diameter of the aggregates varied according to the morphological characteristics of the soils and the management used in the cultivation of sugarcane, with the formation of small aggregates and more susceptible to erosion in the superficial horizon of Luvisol and Argisol. In the Latosol, signs of superficial compaction and the formation of large aggregates were identified due to mechanical processes related to management.Keywords: structural degradation, Pirapó watershed, sandy soils, susceptibility to erosion.
Geomorfologia dos tabuleiros interiores do estado do Ceará - Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Costa Luis Ricardo Fernandes da , Barreto Lucas Lopes , Oliveira Vládia Pinto Vidal de , Maia Rubson Pinheiro
Published: February 2022

O artigo analisa a distribuição dos tabuleiros interiores no estado do Ceará. Nesse sentido, aspectos como agradação de sedimentos em ambientes fluviais e análise das coberturas colúvio-eluviais são pontos importantes na discussão. A partir da correlação de dados bibliográficos, cartográficos, altimétricos e morfoestruturais, foi proposta uma classificação dessas manchas e uma discussão acerca da evolução geomorfológica baseado na Índice de Concentração de Rugosidade (ICR) e processos denudacionais. A evolução geomorfológica dessas áreas demonstra a importância de fatores dentre os quais destacam-se a distribuição dos tabuleiros interiores em diferentes cotas, o que evidencia um importante dado quanto a dinâmica fluvial no Paleógeno/Neógeno sobre diferentes unidades de relevo. Assim, os tabuleiros interiores são feições que contribuem para o entendimento da evolução geomorfológica no Cenozoico no estado do Ceará, devido a fatores como o material geológico, que datam os processos que resultaram na agradação destes depósitos; e as formas, que apresentam níveis de dissecação e altitudes diferentes, auxiliando no entendimento das mudanças climáticas e alterações dos níveis de base local e regional.Palavras-chave: Formas agradacionais. Superfícies planas. Cenozoico.                                                                                                                                 Geomorphology of interior tablelands in the state of Ceará - Northeast of Brazil A B S T R A C T The article analyzes the distribution of indoor trays in the state of Ceará. In this sense, aspects such as sediment pleasing in fluvial environments and analysis of colluvium-eluvial cover are important points in the discussion. Based on the correlation of bibliographic, cartographic, altimetric and morphostructural data, it was proposed to classify these spots and discuss the geomorphological evolution based on the Roughness Concentration Index (ICR) and denudational processes. The geomorphological evolution of these areas demonstrates the importance of factors among which stands out, 1 - the distribution of the interior boards in different levels, which shows an important data regarding the river dynamics in the Paleogen / Neogen over different relief units. Thus, the interior boards are features that contribute to the understanding of the geomorphological evolution in the Cenozoic in the state of Ceará, due to factors such as the geological material, which date the processes that resulted in the pleasing of these deposits; and the shapes, which have different dissection levels and altitudes, helping to understand climate change and baseline levels.Keywords: Gradational forms. Flat surfaces. Cenozoic.