bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell distribution width as a risk factor for inhospital mortality in obstetric patients admitted to an intensive care unit: a single centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chu Yufeng , Yuan Zhongshang , Meng Mei , Zhou Haiyan , Wang Chunting , Yang Gong , Ren Hongsheng
Published: June 2017

Background

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to predict mortality in critically ill patients. To our knowledge, whether or not RDW is associated with clinical outcomes of obstetric patients requiring critical care has not been evaluated.

Methods

This was a single centre, retrospective, observational study of obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were excluded from the analysis if they had known haematological diseases or recently underwent blood transfusion. Patients who died or were discharged from the ICU within 24 hours of admission were also excluded. Patient clinical characteristics at ICU admission were retrieved from the medical charts. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI for inhospital mortality associated with RDW. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to examine the performance of RDW, alone or in combination with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (APACHE II), in predicting inhospital mortality.

Results

A total of 376 patients were included in the study. The hospital mortality rate was 5.32%. A significant association was found between baseline RDW levels and hospital mortality (OR per per cent increase in RDW, 1.31; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.49). Further adjustment for haematocrit and other potential confounders did not appreciably alter the result (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for inhospital mortality based on RDW was similar to that based on the APACHE II score (0.752 vs 0.766). A combination of these two factors resulted in substantial improvement in risk prediction, with an AUC value of 0.872 (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The study suggests that RDW is an independent predictor for inhospital mortality among ICU admitted obstetric patients. Combining RDW and APACHE II score could significantly improve inhospital prognostic prediction among these critically ill obstetric patients.
Efficacy of long-acting release octreotide for preventing chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Deng Chao , Deng Bo , Jia Liqun , Tan Huangying
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Diarrhoea is a common adverse effect induced by chemotherapy that can reduce the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs or interrupt the chemotherapy schedule. The current treatment strategies have various limitations. It has been shown that long-acting release octreotide (octreotide LAR) can decrease the occurrence and severity of diarrhoea, yet the efficacy of octreotide LAR in preventing chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) remains to be assessed. The main objective of this paper was to draw up a protocol for systematic review to evaluate the protective effects of octreotide LAR on CID.

Methods and analysis

We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and the VIP Database without language restrictions from inception until 1 September 2016. The references of relevant studies were also manually searched. Two investigators independently accessed the selected studies, extracted data and assessed the reliability of the studies. Any discrepancies were resolved by a third investigator. The effect size of the selected studies was assessed by different measures based on the type of data. The selected studies were descriptively analysed. We then chose a fixed-effect model or a random-effect model based on statistical homogeneity, and pooled data from the studies for meta-analysis, if possible. The primary outcome was the incidence of diarrhoea. The secondary outcomes were the duration of diarrhoea, incidence of diarrhoea-associated symptoms, physical function and quality of life. All statistical analyses were performed by Review Manager V.5.3.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review did not require ethics approval, because it included aggregated published data, and not individual patient data. The review was published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration

This systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42016048573).
Tablet computers versus optical aids to support education and learning in children and young people with low vision: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial, CREATE (Children Reading with Electronic Assistance To Educate)
Authors: Crossland Michael D , Thomas Rachel , Unwin Hilary , Bharani Seelam , Gothwal Vijaya K , Quartilho Ana , Bunce Catey , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Low vision and blindness adversely affect education and independence of children and young people. New ‘assistive’ technologies such as tablet computers can display text in enlarged font, read text out to the user, allow speech input and conversion into typed text, offer document and spreadsheet processing and give access to wide sources of information such as the internet. Research on these devices in low vision has been limited to case series.

Methods and analysis

We will carry out a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the feasibility of a full RCT of assistive technologies for children/young people with low vision. We will recruit 40 students age 10–18 years in India and the UK, whom we will randomise 1:1 into two parallel groups. The active intervention will be Apple iPads; the control arm will be the local standard low-vision aid care. Primary outcomes will be acceptance/usage, accessibility of the device and trial feasibility measures (time to recruit children, lost to follow-up). Exploratory outcomes will be validated measures of vision-related quality of life for children/young people as well as validated measures of reading and educational outcomes. In addition, we will carry out semistructured interviews with the participants and their teachers.

Ethics and dissemination

NRES reference 15/NS/0068; dissemination is planned via healthcare and education sector conferences and publications, as well as via patient support organisations.

Trial registration number

NCT02798848; IRAS ID 179658, UCL reference 15/0570.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals towards infliximab and insulin glargine biosimilars: result of a UK web-based survey
Authors: Chapman Stephen R , Fitzpatrick Raymond W , Aladul Mohammed I
Published: June 2017

Objective

To investigate healthcare professionals’ knowledge and attitudes towards infliximab and insulin glargine biosimilars and the factors influencing their prescribing. Then, to compare healthcare professionals’ attitudes with the utilisation of these biosimilars in UK hospitals.

Design

Self-administered, one-time web-based survey and drug utilisation analysis.

Setting and data sources

Professional associations and societies in the field of dermatology, diabetology, gastroenterology and rheumatology in the UK, between 8 August 2016 and 8 January 2017. The volume of utilisation of branded and biosimilar infliximab and insulin glargine in UK hospitals was derived from the DEFINE database, between 2015 and 2016.

Outcomes

Participants’ knowledge and awareness of biosimilars and factors influencing their use and corresponding usage of infliximab and insulin glargine biosimilars.

Results

Responses were obtained from 234 healthcare professionals across dermatology, diabetology, gastroenterology and rheumatology specialties. 75% of respondents were aware that biosimilars were available on their local formulary. 77% of respondents considered biosimilars extremely or very important to save costs for the NHS. Gastroenterologists had the highest utilisation of infliximab biosimilars (14%) in 2015 rising to (62%) in 2016. Healthcare professionals had greater concerns about safety and efficacy when switching patients to biosimilars than when starting biosimilars in biological naïve patients. Guidance from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and robust pharmacovigilance studies on biosimilars were both considered important factors in increasing biosimilars use.

Conclusion

British healthcare professionals are well informed about biosimilars with high level of awareness. Safety and efficacy concerns were higher in switching than in initiating biosimilars among some prescribers. It is probable that personal experience of biologics as well as discipline-specific guidance influenced prescribers’ responses.
Advance care planning in Medicare: an early look at the impact of new reimbursement on billing and clinical practice
Authors: Tsai Gawin , Taylor Donald H
Published: June 2017

Objective

In this study, we examined the US Medicare programme’s (government-funded social insurance for the elderly or disabled) new reimbursement for advance care planning (ACP) that began on 1 January 2016. This single-centre study addressed whether clinicians who have ACP conversations with patients will use the new reimbursement code and if the new reimbursement is successful at motivating clinicians to have more ACP conversations with patients.

Methods

This is a multimethod study. To gain a general sense of ACP practice and code visibility, we first surveyed 493 clinicians in a large academic medical centre (20% response rate). Then, for more in-depth answers and to illuminate the reasons behind survey findings, we conducted semistructured interviews with 28 physicians.

Results

We found that while clinicians are open to using the reimbursement codes, organisational barriers such as low visibility and documentation make it difficult for clinicians to bill for ACP. Moreover, structural and professional factors have rendered Medicare’s ACP reimbursement largely ineffective at motivating healthcare providers to perform more ACP conversations during the first 3 months of this policy.

Conclusions

It does not appear that Medicare’s reimbursement of ACP has made a significant, direct impact on ACP billing or practice during the policy’s first 90 days. However, there is a symbolic role that this change can serve, and the policy could have more impact as its existence becomes more widely known. Barriers to ACP that we identify should be addressed directly to expand the use of ACP.
The future of clinical leadership: evidence for physician leadership and the educational pathway for new leaders
Authors: Goodall Amanda , Stoller James K
Published: June 2017

Until recently, the title ‘physician leader’ was rarely heard particularly in the UK. But that is changing. Doctors are being drawn into leadership and management more systematically. New educational opportunities are being tailored to the specific needs of doctors. The change towards physician leadership is being driven by research showing that leaders who are experts in the core business, such as doctors, are associated with improved organisational performance. This article summarises that evidence and then reviews what we have learnt about how best to train future physician leaders.
Vibration modes interference in the MEMS resonant pressure sensor
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Li Anlin , Bu Zhenxiang , Wang Lingyun , Sun Daoheng , Du Xiaohui , Gu Dandan
Published: June 2017

A new type of coupled balanced-mass double-ended tuning fork resonator (CBDETF) pressure sensor is fabricated and tested. However, the low accuracy of the CBDETF pressure sensor is not satisfied to us. Based on systematic analysis and tests, the coupling effect between the operational mode and interference mode is considered to be the main cause for the sensor in accuracy. To solve this problem, the stiffness of the serpentine beams is increased to pull up the resonant frequency of the interfering mode and make it separate far from the operational mode. Finally, the accuracy of the CBDETF pressure sensor is improved from [Formula: see text]0.5% to less than [Formula: see text]0.03% of the Full Scale (F.S.).
Transient and Steady-State Response of a Fractional-Order Dynamic PV Model Under Different Loads
Authors: AbdelAty Amr M. , Radwan A. G. , Elwakil A. S. , Psychalinos C.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a fractional-order dynamic model of the photovoltaic (PV) solar module is introduced. Dynamic modeling of PV solar modules is useful when used in switching circuits and grid-connected situations. The dynamic elements of the proposed model are a fractional-order inductor and capacitor of two independent orders which allow for two extra degrees of freedom over the conventional dynamic model. The step response and transfer function of the load current are investigated for different orders under resistive and supercapacitor loading conditions. Closed-form expressions for the time response of the load current at equal orders of capacitor and inductor are derived. Stability analysis of the load current transfer function is carried out for different orders and loading conditions. The regions for pure real and pure imaginary input admittance scenarios are calculated numerically for both resistive and supercapacitor load cases. It is found that the order of the inductor has a dominant effect on the responses. As a proof of concept, the model is fitted to experimental data to show its flexibility in regenerating the actual response. The fitted fractional-order model response is compared to optimized integer-order ones from literature showing noticeable improvement.
FRACTAL COMPLEXITY-BASED FEATURE EXTRACTION ALGORITHM OF COMMUNICATION SIGNALS
Authors: WANG HUI , LI JINGCHAO , GUO LILI , DOU ZHENG , LIN YUN , ZHOU RUOLIN
Published: June 2017

How to analyze and identify the characteristics of radiation sources and estimate the threat level by means of detecting, intercepting and locating has been the central issue of electronic support in the electronic warfare, and communication signal recognition is one of the key points to solve this issue. Aiming at accurately extracting the individual characteristics of the radiation source for the increasingly complex communication electromagnetic environment, a novel feature extraction algorithm for individual characteristics of the communication radiation source based on the fractal complexity of the signal is proposed. According to the complexity of the received signal and the situation of environmental noise, use the fractal dimension characteristics of different complexity to depict the subtle characteristics of the signal to establish the characteristic database, and then identify different broadcasting station by gray relation theory system. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can achieve recognition rate of 94% even in the environment with SNR of −10dB, and this provides an important theoretical basis for the accurate identification of the subtle features of the signal at low SNR in the field of information confrontation.
THEORETICAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR QUANTITATIVE OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: KATO TAKASHI
Published: June 2017

We study the asymptotic behavior of the difference between the values at risk (VaR) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for heavy-tailed random variables [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] for application in sensitivity analysis of quantitative operational risk management within the framework of the advanced measurement approach of Basel II (and III). Here, [Formula: see text] describes the loss amount of the present risk profile and [Formula: see text] describes the loss amount caused by an additional loss factor. We obtain different types of results according to the relative magnitudes of the thicknesses of the tails of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In particular, if the tail of [Formula: see text] is sufficiently thinner than that of [Formula: see text], then the difference between prior and posterior risk amounts [Formula: see text] is asymptotically equivalent to the expectation (expected loss) of [Formula: see text].
Universality of the matrix Airy and Bessel functions at spectral edges of unitary ensembles
Authors: Bertola M. , Cafasso M.
Published: June 2017

This paper deals with products and ratios of average characteristic polynomials for unitary ensembles. We prove universality at the soft edge of the limiting eigenvalues’ density, and write the universal limit in function of the Kontsevich matrix model (“matrix Airy function”, as originally named by Kontsevich). For the case of the hard edge, universality is already known. We show that also in this case the universal limit can be expressed as a matrix integral (“matrix Bessel function”) known in the literature as generalized Kontsevich matrix model.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Bayesian Data Analysis in Astronomy
Authors: Sharma Sanjib
Published: June 2017

Markov chain Monte Carlo–based Bayesian data analysis has now become the method of choice for analyzing and interpreting data in almost all disciplines of science. In astronomy, over the past decade, we have also seen a steady increase in the number of papers that employ Monte Carlo–based Bayesian analysis. New, efficient Monte Carlo–based methods are continuously being developed and explored. In this review, we first explain the basics of Bayesian theory and discuss how to set up data analysis problems within this framework. Next, we provide an overview of various Monte Carlo–based methods for performing Bayesian data analysis. Finally, we discuss advanced ideas that enable us to tackle complex problems and thus hold great promise for the future. We also distribute downloadable computer software ( https://github.com/sanjibs/bmcmc ) Python that implements some of the algorithms and examples discussed here.
Land Tenure Transitions in the Global South: Trends, Drivers, and Policy Implications
Authors: Rudel Thomas K. , Hernandez Monica
Published: June 2017

Clouded titles to land in remote rural areas of the Global South have recently prevented increases in agricultural productivity and payments for environmental services (PES), so making land tenure more secure has become a priority for policymakers. The historical dynamics surrounding land tenure transitions suggest a strategy for reform. Colonial regimes stripped indigenous peoples of most rights to land. Newly independent states restored these rights for some smallholders through land reforms. Later, neo-liberal regimes made secure titles more expensive, and, in so doing, made insecure land tenure more pervasive. Spots of secure land tenure did emerge when indigenous groups, with outside support, resisted efforts by powerful outsiders to expropriate indigenous homelands. Because insecure land tenure persists in most forested rural areas, a focus on afforestation in deforested areas, where earlier episodes of reform secured smallholder land tenure, offers a promising direction for future PES and REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) efforts.
What Do We Know About NOD-Like Receptors in Plant Immunity?
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Dodds Peter N. , Bernoux Maud
Published: June 2017

The first plant disease resistance (R) genes were identified and cloned more than two decades ago. Since then, many more R genes have been identified and characterized in numerous plant pathosystems. Most of these encode members of the large family of intracellular NLRs (NOD-like receptors), which also includes animal immune receptors. New discoveries in this expanding field of research provide new elements for our understanding of plant NLR function. But what do we know about plant NLR function today? Genetic, structural, and functional analyses have uncovered a number of commonalities and differences in pathogen recognition strategies as well as how NLRs are regulated and activate defense signaling, but many unknowns remain. This review gives an update on the latest discoveries and breakthroughs in this field, with an emphasis on structural findings and some comparison to animal NLRs, which can provide additional insights and paradigms in plant NLR function.
The Candidatus Liberibacter–Host Interface: Insights into Pathogenesis Mechanisms and Disease Control
Authors: Wang Nian , Pierson Elizabeth A. , Setubal João Carlos , Xu Jin , Levy Julien G. , Zhang Yunzeng , Li Jinyun , Rangel Luiz Thiberio , Martins Joaquim
Published: June 2017

“Candidatus Liberibacter” species are associated with economically devastating diseases of citrus, potato, and many other crops. The importance of these diseases as well as the proliferation of new diseases on a wider host range is likely to increase as the insects vectoring the “Ca. Liberibacter” species expand their territories worldwide. Here, we review the progress on understanding pathogenesis mechanisms of “Ca. Liberibacter” species and the control approaches for diseases they cause. We discuss the Liberibacter virulence traits, including secretion systems, putative effectors, and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), as well as other important traits likely to contribute to disease development, e.g., flagella, prophages, and salicylic acid hydroxylase. The pathogenesis mechanisms of Liberibacters are discussed. Liberibacters secrete Sec-dependent effectors (SDEs) or other virulence factors into the phloem elements or companion cells to interfere with host targets (e.g., proteins or genes), which cause cell death, necrosis, or other phenotypes of phloem elements or companion cells, leading to localized cell responses and systemic malfunction of phloem. Receptors on the remaining organelles in the phloem, such as plastid, vacuole, mitochondrion, or endoplasmic reticulum, interact with secreted SDEs and/or other virulence factors secreted or located on the Liberibacter outer membrane to trigger cell responses. Some of the host genes or proteins targeted by SDEs or other virulence factors of Liberibacters serve as susceptibility genes that facilitate compatibility (e.g., promoting pathogen growth or suppressing immune responses) or disease development. In addition, Liberibacters trigger plant immunity response via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, such as lipopolysaccharides), which leads to premature cell death, callose deposition, or phloem protein accumulation, causing a localized response and/or systemic effect on phloem transportation. Physical presence of Liberibacters and their metabolic activities may disturb the function of phloem, via disrupting osmotic gradients, or the integrity of phloem conductivity. We also review disease management strategies, including promising new technologies. Citrus production in the presence of Huanglongbing is possible if the most promising management approaches are integrated. HLB management is discussed in the context of local, area-wide, and regional Huanglongbing/Asian Citrus Psyllid epidemiological zones. For zebra chip disease control, aggressive psyllid management enables potato production, although insecticide resistance is becoming an issue. Meanwhile, new technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-derived genome editing provide an unprecedented opportunity to provide long-term solutions.
Segmentation Method for Magnetic Resonance-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy Planning
Authors: Vargas-Olivares A. , Navarro-Hinojosa O. , Maqueo-Vicencio M. , Curiel L. , Alencastre-Miranda M. , Chong-Quero J. E.
Published: June 2017

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive therapy modality in which ultrasound beams are concentrated at a focal region, producing a rise of temperature and selective ablation within the focal volume and leaving surrounding tissues intact. HIFU has been proposed for the safe ablation of both malignant and benign tissues and as an agent for drug delivery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as guidance and monitoring method for the therapy. The identification of regions of interest is a crucial procedure in HIFU therapy planning. This procedure is performed in the MR images. The purpose of the present research work is to implement a time-efficient and functional segmentation scheme, based on the watershed segmentation algorithm, for the MR images used for the HIFU therapy planning. The achievement of a segmentation process with functional results is feasible, but preliminary image processing steps are required in order to define the markers for the segmentation algorithm. Moreover, the segmentation scheme is applied in parallel to an MR image data set through the use of a thread pool, achieving a near real-time execution and making a contribution to solve the time-consuming problem of the HIFU therapy planning.
The Relationship between Werner Syndrome and Sinonasal Malignant Melanoma: Two Sibling Cases of Werner Syndrome with Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Kadowaki Yoshinori , Kodama Satoru , Moriyama Munehito , Suzuki Masashi
Published: June 2017

Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by premature aging. Malignant tumors such as thyroid carcinoma and malignant melanoma occur frequently in WS patients. We describe 2 siblings with WS who suffered from sinonasal malignant melanoma (MM). Both patients initially experienced nasal obstruction and recurrent nasal bleeding and died within 2 years of the diagnosis of MM. Otolaryngologists should recognize that WS patients have a high risk for head and neck malignant disease, particularly sinonasal MM, even if they are aged below the expected age range and undergo periodic examinations. Furthermore, it is important that WS patients are aware that a prompt nasal examination is indicated if they experience continuous nasal obstruction or recurrent nasal bleeding.
Ex VivoExpanded Adaptive NK Cells Effectively Kill Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Liu Lisa L. , Béziat Vivien , Oei Vincent Y.S. , Pfefferle Aline , Schaffer Marie , Lehmann Sören , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Söderhäll Stefan , Heyman Mats , Grandér Dan , Malmberg Karl-Johan
Published: June 2017

Manipulation of human natural killer (NK) cell repertoires promises more effective strategies for NK cell–based cancer immunotherapy. A subset of highly differentiated NK cells, termed adaptive NK cells, expands naturally in vivo in response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, carries unique repertoires of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), and displays strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, we established a robust and scalable protocol for ex vivo generation and expansion of adaptive NK cells for cell therapy against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Culture of polyclonal NK cells together with feeder cells expressing HLA-E, the ligand for the activating NKG2C receptor, led to selective expansion of adaptive NK cells with enhanced alloreactivity against HLA-mismatched targets. The ex vivo expanded adaptive NK cells gradually obtained a more differentiated phenotype and were specific and highly efficient killers of allogeneic pediatric T- and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts, previously shown to be refractory to killing by autologous NK cells and the NK-cell line NK92 currently in clinical testing. Selective expansion of NK cells that express one single inhibitory KIR for self-HLA class I would allow exploitation of the full potential of NK-cell alloreactivity in cancer immunotherapy. In summary, our data suggest that adaptive NK cells may hold utility for therapy of refractory ALL, either as a bridge to transplant or for patients that lack stem cell donors. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 654–65. ©2017 AACR.
A New Perspective on Isotretinoin Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Retrospective Chart Review of Patient Outcomes
Authors: Huang Christina M. , Kirchhof Mark G.
Published: June 2017

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease characterized by the development of painful, deep-seeded nodules and abscesses. Treatment guidelines include a combination of lifestyle, surgical, and medical interventions. Isotretinoin has not been included in the treatment guidelines due to the limited number of studies and conflicting reports of efficacy. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical response to isotretinoin in HS patients and to determine whether there is a particular patient population that may benefit more from this treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all HS patients treated with isotretinoin within the years of 2014-2016. Sex, age, weight, history of acne, Hurley stage, and treatment dose and duration were extracted from patient charts. Results: Of the 25 patients included in the study, 32% (8/25) had no response, 32% (8/26) showed partial response, and 36% (9/25) demonstrated complete response to isotretinoin treatment. Complete response was seen only in Hurley stage I and II patients. Hurley III patients made up 50% of the non-responders. Those with any sort of treatment response were more likely to be female, younger, weigh less, and have a higher prevalence of acne compared to non-responders. Limitations: This is a retrospective chart review with a small sample size of 25 patients. Conclusions: Physicians should consider isotretinoin as a potential treatment for HS, as it may be beneficial in patients with mild and moderate disease and patients who are female, younger, weigh less, and have a personal history of acne.
Molecular signature of coronary stent thrombosis: oxidative stress and innate immunity cells
Authors: Cubedo Judit , Blasco Ana , Padró Teresa , Ramaiola Ilaria , Juan-Babot Oriol , Goicolea Javier , Fernández-Díaz José , Oteo Juan , Badimon Lina
Published: June 2017

The clinical impact of in-stent thrombosis is high because it is associated with high mortality and 20 % of the patients suffer a recurrent event within the two following years. The aim of this study was to characterise the morphologic and proteomic profile of in-stent thrombi (IST) in comparison to thrombi developed on native coronary arteries (CT) to identify a differential molecular signature. The study included 45 patients with ST-elevation-myocardial-infarction (STEMI) treated by primary-percutaneous-intervention and thrombus aspiration: 21 had IST and 24 had CT. Thrombi were characterised by morphologic immunohistochemical analysis and differential proteomic profiling (2-DE+MALDI-TOF/TOF). Bioinformatic analysis revealed differences in proteins related to oxidative-stress and cell death/survival. IST showed a higher content of structural proteins (gelsolin, actin-cytoplasmic-1, tropomyosin, and myosin) together with an imbalance in redox-homeostasis related proteins (increased superoxide-dismutase and decreased peroxiredoxin-2 thrombus content), and a coordinated increase of chaperones (HSP60 and HSC70) and cellular quality control-related proteins (26S–protease-regulatory-subunit-7). These changes were reflected into a significant decrease in HSC70 systemic levels and a significant increase in advanced-oxidation-protein-products (AOPP) indicative of increased oxidative stress-mediated protein damage in IST. Our results reveal an imbalance in redox-related proteins indicative of an exacerbated oxidative-stress that leads to an accumulation of AOPP serum levels in IST. Moreover, the coordinated increase in chaperones and regulatory proteins reflects the activation of intracellular protection mechanisms to maintain protein integrity in IST. The failure to counterbalance the stress situation could trigger cellular apoptosis leading to the destabilization of the thrombus and to a worse prognosis of IST-STEMI-patients.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Targeting of Extracellular RNA Reduces Edema Formation and Infarct Size and Improves Survival After Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Stieger Philipp , Daniel Jan‐Marcus , Thölen Christiane , Dutzmann Jochen , Knöpp Kai , Gündüz Dursun , Aslam Muhammad , Kampschulte Marian , Langheinrich Alexander , Fischer Silvia , Cabrera‐Fuentes Hector , Wang Yong , Wollert Kai C. , Bauersachs Johann , Braun‐Dullaeus Rüdiger , Preissner Klaus T. , Sedding Daniel G.
Published: June 2017

Background

Following myocardial infarction (MI), peri‐infarct myocardial edema formation further impairs cardiac function. Extracellular RNA (eRNA) released from injured cells strongly increases vascular permeability. This study aimed to assess the role of eRNA in MI‐induced cardiac edema formation, infarct size, cardiac function, and survival after acute MI and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ribonuclease 1 (RNase‐1) treatment as an eRNA‐degrading intervention.

Methods and Results

C57BL/6J mice were subjected to MI by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Plasma eRNA levels were significantly increased compared with those in controls starting from 30 minutes after ligation. Systemic application of RNase‐1, but not DNase, significantly reduced myocardial edema formation 24 hours after ligation compared with controls. Consequently, eRNA degradation by RNase‐1 significantly improved the perfusion of collateral arteries in the border zone of the infarcted myocardium 24 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, as detected by micro–computed tomography imaging. Although there was no significant difference in the area at risk, the area of vital myocardium was markedly larger in mice treated with RNase‐1 compared with controls, as detected by Evans blue and 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The increase in viable myocardium was associated with significantly preserved left ventricular function, as assessed by echocardiography. Moreover, RNase‐1 significantly improved 8‐week survival following MI.

Conclusions

eRNA is an unrecognized permeability factor in vivo, associated with myocardial edema formation after acute MI. RNase‐1 counteracts eRNA‐induced edema formation and preserves perfusion of the infarction border zone, reducing infarct size and protecting cardiac function after MI.
Comparative Analyses of Iran’s and the DPRK’s Nuclear Issues in the UNSC (2006-2013)
Authors: Sahakyan Mher
Published: June 2017

The paper focuses on some aspects regarding Iran’s and the DPRK’s (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, or North Korea) nuclear issues during 2006-2013. It raises in particular the following questions: what were the main similarities and differences between Iran’s and DPRK’s nuclear issues; what types of similarities and differences existed in the UNSC resolutions on this issue; what were the main positions of the UNSC’s 5 permanent members on this issue.
Social Co-Governance
Authors: Chunting Wang , Yuxin Lan
Published: June 2017

In the past 20-30 years, industrialization and informatization made the society more complicated and social conflicts more difficult to deal with; citizens and their demands diversified, and we are now in urgent need of a new public administration model that suits the changed political, economic, and social conditions. Governance thus emerged worldwide, promoting government reforms and public participation, and urging the government to delegate and empower, and quit the fields that they are not good at managing. Scholars discuss the reasons for the emergence of governance from the perspectives of managerialism, the rise of civil society, and administrative reforms. But these are not the only reasons for governance to rise to prominence. It emerged, in a way, in response to the “legitimation crisis” described by Jurgen Habermas. As society develops, citizens require more legitimacy from the government on the basis of what it already provides, and this may involve performance, participation, responsiveness, law-based administration, etc. We hereby analyze the legitimation crisis in a postmodern society and point out that the paradigm of social co-governance is a response to these legitimacy demands and that multiple parties integrate their demands using governance tools such as participation, consultation, empowerment, etc.
The sharpshooter genus Iragua Melichar: a new Colombian species, the female of I. ferruginea Cavichioli, and a key to males of the genus (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Authors: CAVICHIOLI1 RODNEY R. , MEJDALANI GABRIEL
Published: June 2017

A new species of the Neotropical sharpshooter genus Iragua Melichar, 1926, I. albinoi sp. nov., is described and illustrated from the Colombian department of Huila (holotype deposited in Coleção Entomológica Pe. Jesus S. Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná). The new taxon can be readily distinguished from the other 13 known species of the genus by the presence of a pair of unciform processes at the aedeagal atrium, as well as by the color pattern of the forewings. The first detailed description of the female terminalia of a species of Iragua (I. ferruginea Cavichioli, 1991 from the Brazilian state of Rondônia) and an updated key to males of the genus are also provided.
Two new species of Dilobopterus Signoret, 1850 and the male of D. segmentalis (Signoret, 1853) from Southeastern Brazil, with taxonomic notes on the genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Authors: QUINTAS VICTOR , FELIX MÁRCIO , LIMA DOUGLAS FELIPE DOS SANTOS , MEJDALANI GABRIEL
Published: June 2017

Two new species of Dilobopterus Signoret, 1850 are described from the Atlantic Rainforest of Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil, based on specimens collected in Angra dos Reis (D. nelsoni sp. nov.) and Itatiaia (D. sakakibara sp. nov.). Holotypes are deposited in Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. These are the first species of the genus described after the publication in 1977 of the last comprehensive monograph on the New World Cicadellini. We also describe the previously unknown male of D. segmentalis (Signoret, 1853) based on specimens from the Atlantic Rainforest of Espírito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil (municipality of Santa Teresa). We propose a group of species within Dilobopterus (trinotatus group) based on features of the paraphyses of D. trinotatus (Signoret, 1853), D. segmentalis, and D. sakakibara sp. nov..
On the wasp-mimicking sharpshooter genus Propetes Walker, 1851 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae): description of a new species, proposal of a new synonymy, and distributional notes
Authors: PRANDO JÁDILA SANTOS , GONÇALVES CLAYTON CORRÊA , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA
Published: June 2017

The Neotropical genus Propetes Walker, 1851 currently includes three species recorded from Brazil and Guyana that share morphological characteristics related to wasp-mimicking behavior. A revision of available material of Amazonian Propetes was conducted, and a new species, P. sakakibara sp. nov., is described and illustrated herein based on males from Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela. Based on the association of males and females from Pará State (Brazil), a synonymy is proposed between P. triquetra (Fabricius, 1803) (previously known only from males) and P. compressa Walker, 1851 (previously known only from females). The female genitalia of P. triquetra is redescribed and illustrated in detail. Observation of bluffing display behavior is reported for the first time for the genus, in P. schmidti. A key to all species included in Propetes, based on males and females, and a map of distribution of Propetes species are provided, including new records of the genus from French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela.
Two new species of Nullana from southern Brazil (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) with key to males
Authors: DOMAHOVSKI ALEXANDRE CRUZ , CAVICHIOLI RODNEY RAMIRO
Published: June 2017

Two new species of Nullana DeLong, 1980 are described and illustrated: N. albinoi sp. nov. and N. sakakibarai sp. nov., both from the state of Paraná, Brazil. Two new synonyms and a new combination are proposed. A key to the 10 known species of Nullana are presented and Nullana gelbana is newly recorded from Paraná State, Brazil.
New species in the treehopper genus Bocydium Latreille, with description of nymphal stages and observations on their natural history
Authors: FLÓREZ-V CAMILO , EVANGELISTA OLIVIA
Published: June 2017

Six new species of Bocydium Latreille are described, and life history notes are provided based on field data from the Central and Western Cordilleras of the Colombian Andes. Information on host plants, treehopper-ant mutualisms, and behavior of adults and nymphs are provided for most newly discovered species (B. bilobum Flórez-V sp. nov., B. hadronotum Flórez-V sp. nov., B. mae Flórez-V sp. nov., B. sakakibarai Flórez-V sp. nov., B. sanmiguelense Flórez-V sp. nov., and B. tatamaense Flórez-V sp. nov.) in addition to two previously known species of Bocydium. A key to species of the genus is presented, along with photographs of primary type specimens for all species described by Dr. Albino M. Sakakibara. A nomenclatural change is proposed for B. cubitale Richter, 1954 syn. nov., herein considered junior synonym of B. bullife-rum Goding, 1930.
A new treehopper genus and species from Puerto Rico (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Stegaspidinae) with notes on other Caribbean Membracidae
Authors: DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: June 2017

Borinctolania sakakibarai, n. gen. and n. sp. from Puerto Rico is described, illustrated, and placed in the subfamily Stegaspidinae. The new genus is morphologically similar to the previously described endemic Caribbean genera Antillotolania Ramos, Deiroderes Ramos and Togotolania Cryan & Deitz, all of which remain unplaced to tribe. A key to the Caribbean treehopper genera that lack a posterior pronotal process and a species checklist for this group are provided, and relationships of the new genus to other membracids are discussed.
Two remakable new species of Notocera Amyot and Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Hypsoprorini) from the Brazilian Caatinga
Authors: CREÃO-DUARTE ANTÔNIO JOSÉ , ROTHÉA REMBRANDT ROMANO ANDRADE DANTAS , LOURENÇO ALINE , CABRAL VALBERTA ALVES , EVANGELISTA OLIVIA
Published: June 2017

In this paper, two remarkable new species of Notocera Amyot & Serville from the Brazilian Caatinga are described: N. colavitei Creão-Duarte and Róthea sp. nov. and N. sakakibarai Creão-Duarte and Lourenço sp. nov. Illustrations are presented for adult habitus and taxonomically relevant characters, which are briefly discussed. In celebration of Dr. Sakaki-bara’s oustanding career, photographs of the holotype of N. camelina Sakakibara, 1977 are provided, along with reproductions of his outstanding artwork featured in the original description of this species.
An evaluation of Health of the Nation Outcome Scales data to inform psychiatric morbidity following the Canterbury earthquakes
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Frampton Chris M , Boden Joseph M , Mulder Roger T , Bell Caroline J
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Following the onset of the Canterbury, New Zealand earthquakes, there were widespread concerns that mental health services were under severe strain as a result of adverse consequences on mental health. We therefore examined Health of the Nation Outcome Scales data to see whether this could inform our understanding of the impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on patients attending local specialist mental health services.

Method:

Health of the Nation Outcome Scales admission data were analysed for Canterbury mental health services prior to and following the Canterbury earthquakes. These findings were compared to Health of the Nation Outcome Scales admission data from seven other large District Health Boards to delineate local from national trends. Percentage changes in admission numbers were also calculated before and after the earthquakes for Canterbury and the seven other large district health boards.

Results:

Admission Health of the Nation Outcome Scales scores in Canterbury increased after the earthquakes for adult inpatient and community services, old age inpatient and community services, and Child and Adolescent inpatient services compared to the seven other large district health boards. Admission Health of the Nation Outcome Scales scores for Child and Adolescent community services did not change significantly, while admission Health of the Nation Outcome Scales scores for Alcohol and Drug services in Canterbury fell compared to other large district health boards. Subscale analysis showed that the majority of Health of the Nation Outcome Scales subscales contributed to the overall increases found. Percentage changes in admission numbers for the Canterbury District Health Board and the seven other large district health boards before and after the earthquakes were largely comparable with the exception of admissions to inpatient services for the group aged 4–17 years which showed a large increase.

Conclusion:

The Canterbury earthquakes were followed by an increase in Health of the Nation Outcome Scales scores for attendees of local mental health services compared to other large district health boards. This suggests that patients presented with greater degrees of psychiatric distress, social disruption, behavioural change and impairment as a result of the earthquakes.
A cost-effective route to produce Al/AlN composites with low coefficient of thermal expansion
Authors: Lee Kon-Bae , Yoo Seong-Hyeon , Kim Yong-Hwan , Han Chul-Woong , Won Sung-Ok , Ahn Jae-Pyung , Choi Hyun-Joo
Published: June 2017

In this study, a novel process was developed to produce Al/AlN composites by infiltrating molten Al ingot into a mixture of Al and lamp carbon powders. The findings revealed that, during the process, Al2O3 on the surface of Al powder reacted with nitrogen gas and was transformed to AlN. The degree of nitridation was greatly enhanced by adding only less than 3 wt.% lamp carbon, because lamp carbon could act as a dispersion agent as well as a reduction agent. The Al-based composites containing in situ AlN phases showed coefficient of thermal expansion values of ∼11 × 10−6/℃, which were comparable to those of composites containing 60% ex situ AlN particles.
Rates and Correlates of Binge Drinking Among College Students With Disabilities, United States, 2013
Authors: West Steven L. , Graham Carolyn W. , Temple Peter
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Our objective was to provide the first comprehensive picture of alcohol use and binge drinking by US college students with disabilities (SWDs), who represent at least 11% (1.6 million) of the US college student population.

Methods:

In fall 2013, we used a stratified random sampling technique to identify and recruit 2440 SWDs from 122 US colleges and universities. A total of 1285 (53%) SWDs from 61 (50%) colleges and universities completed a survey of alcohol and other drug use and the use of substances by student peers. We conducted 4 multiple logistic regression analyses to compare binge-drinking and non–binge-drinking SWDs by potential correlates of such use and a final model that included only significant variables.

Results:

SWDs aged <21 vs ≥21 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.99) who spent more time vs less time socializing (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1.38), who spent less time vs more time studying (OR = –0.89; 95% CI, –0.80 to –0.99), and who used vs did not use marijuana (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18-1.75) or amphetamines (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.15-2.89) were significantly more likely to binge drink. SWDs who reported using barbiturates were less likely to binge drink than were those who did not use barbiturates (OR = –0.36; 95% CI, –0.21 to –0.61). In the final model, use of amphetamines (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.15-2.65) or marijuana (OR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.32-1.94) was the highest predictor of binge drinking.

Conclusion:

SWDs’ reported rates of binge drinking, although high, were not as high as those of nondisabled college students. Nevertheless, prevention efforts should be targeted toward college SWDs.