bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TO THE 225TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PROMINENT RUSSIAN INTERNIST KARL KARLOVICH SEIDLITZ
Authors:   National Scientific Research Institute of Public Health, EGORYSHEVA IRINA V. , MOROZOV ALEXEY V. ,   Federal Customs Service,  Moscow
Published: October 2023

Introduction. 2023 marks the 225th anniversary of the birth of Karl Karlovich Seidlitz, a prominent Russian scientist, internal medicine doctor, professor of the Medical and Surgical Academy, one of the reformers of medical education and the founder of the clinical and anatomical method in Russian medicine, the founder of the department of the Faculty academic therapeutic Clinic, a close friend and biographer of the poet V.A. Zhukovsky. Аim. Is to show the role of K.K. Seidlitz in the development of clinical medicine and education in the Russian Empire. The appeal to his memory in the jubilee year allows us to preserve the continuity of generations. Material and methods. The study uses general methodological approaches for historical and medical research. The analysis of literary sources on the history of medicine is carried out, articles and materials revealing the priority and importance of the works of K.K. Seidlitz for medical science and the history of culture of Russia are studied. Results and discussion. The contribution of K.K. Seidlitz to the fight against infectious diseases in the Russian Empire is analyzed. K.K. Seidlitz was one of the first to describe the clinic and epidemiology of leptospirosis. Having headed the therapeutic clinic of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical (now Military Medical) Academy, he was one of the first in Russia to introduce differential diagnostics, methods of physical research, created an outpatient clinic and a laboratory at the clinic for conducting research using microscopes discharged from Paris, introduced pathoanatomical studies of deceased patients, etc. Conclusion. In modern literature, the name of K.K. Seidlitz is primarily associated with the first detailed in modern literature, the name of K.K. Seidlitz is primarily associated with the first detailed systematized biography of the poet V.A. Zhukovsky written by him. However, K.K. Seidlitz has great merits in the field of the development of clinical medicine in Russia and its teaching, which the reader should be reminded of.
FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX THERAPY
Authors:   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, GORBUNOV ALEXANDER Y. , BOBYLEVA ELENA S. ,   First Republican Clinical Hospital, Izhevsk, SUCHKOVA ELENA V. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, FILIMONOV ALEXANDER M. ,   Medical Unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Izhevsk, SOLOVIEVA ANGELICA A. ,   Medical Unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Izhevsk
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Community-acquired pneumonia is an urgent problem of our time due to its high prevalence, increasing resistance of microflora to antibacterial therapy, a large number of complications and high mortality. Aim. The aim of the study was features of the course of community-acquired pneumonia and evaluation of the effectiveness of complex therapy. Material and methods. A survey of 120 patients was conducted, with a diagnosis of moderate and severe pneumonia. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (70 patients), in which, along with the standard therapy of pneumonia, the drug meglumine sodium succinate was included, and group 2 (50 patients), which received standard therapy of pneumonia. In addition to the standard clinical examination of patients with pneumonia, concomitant pathology from other organs and systems was studied. In addition to anamnesis and objective research methods, laboratory and instrumental methods of studying the respiratory and hepatobiliary systems were used. Additionally, procalcitonin was determined in blood serum by immunochromatography, and hepatocyte growth factor and endothelin-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical processing of the results of the study was carried out using parametric and nonparametric methods. Results and discussion. Community- acquired pneumonia is characterized by a moderate course, segmental or lobular lung damage, and the development of a number of complications. With community-acquired pneumonia, the hepatobiliary system is affected and often community-acquired pneumonia occurs against the background of cardiovascular pathology. Conclusion. When meglumine sodium succinate was included in the complex therapy of community-acquired pneumonia, in addition to the positive dynamics of the clinical and laboratory picture of the underlying disease, and a significant reduction in the average duration of hospitalization. In the course of therapy of patients with community-acquired pneumonia with meglumine sodium succinate, a significant decrease in inflammation indicators and an increase in hepatocyte growth factor concentration were observed. When meglumine sodium succinate was included in the therapy of patients with pneumonia, there was a tendency to increase the number of endotheliocytes and a significant increase in the content of endothelin-1, which may reflect an increase in the sanogenetic ability of the body to systemic inflammation in community-acquired pneumonia.
OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE 5-YEAR STUDY
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHAZOVA ELENA V. , BULASHOVA OLGA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, AMIROV NAIL B. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Epidemiology and trends in survival of patients with chronic heart failure have changed over the past decades. As an important reason for prognostic deviations is recognized, among other things, the steady worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity and concomitant conditions associated with it, such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation, especially in young patients with chronic heart failure, which creates the so- called survival paradox. The aim of the study is to assess the structure of 5-year outcomes in patients with ischemic heart failure and identify some new long-term prognosis markers (mortality and cardiovascular events). Materials and Methods. 313 patients with ischemic heart failure of functional class I-IV were examined. A clinical study was conducted, and 5-year prognosis endpoints were assessed (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and non-fatal cardiovascular events). The composite endpoint included cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal cardiovascular events. Results. All-cause 5-year mortality was 28.1%, including the cardiovascular mortality of 24.6%. In patients of functional class III-IV chronic heart failure, the 5-year risk of death from any cause and cardiovascular death was higher than in class I-II patients. All-cause death, cardiovascular mortality, and the composite endpoint risks were higher in patients with reduced ejection fraction than in those with moderately reduced or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. The risk of death within 5 years from all causes and cardiovascular death was higher in women with a body mass index of <25 kg/m² and >30 kg/m² than in those who were moderately overweight. Mortality from all causes was lower in functional class III-IV patients with some overweight than in those with a body mass index of <25 kg/m² (p=0.03). With moderately reduced and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were lower in overweight patients than in those with a body mass index of <25 kg/m² (p=0.009 and p=0.022). In patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, their overweight was a protective factor for all-cause mortality (OR=0.07, CI: 0.001-0.76) as compared to those with a body mass index of <25 kg/m²
CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF THE GENETIC ASPECTS OF ULCER DISEASE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, KURAMSHINA OLGA A. , BATRAKOVA KSENIA V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, TUVALEVA LIA S. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, SHUVAEVA LILIA G. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, NIGMATULLIN RUSTEM K. ,   Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Republic of Bashkortostan, KUTUEV ZEMFIR Z. ,   Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Republic of Bashkortostan, SAMSONOVA YANNA E. ,   Ufa City Hospital 13
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Despite a considerable quantity of studies focused on the etiology and pathogenesis of ulcer disease, this condition continues to be one of the most relevant in the modern gastroenterology due to its prevalence, relapse rates, and the development of ulcerative-destructive complications. This article deals with the influence level of the genetic predisposition to forming gastric and duodenal ulcers, including from the standpoint of the interrelation between the candidate gene and the disease pattern, considering various ethnic groups. Aim. Based on the analysis of scientific medical literature, we are aiming at describing the current data on the molecular genetic basis of gastric and duodenal ulcers, given its wide prevalence among the population and its great medical and social significance. Materials and Methods. We analyzed publications in databases, such as eLibrary, Scopus, and Pubmed, as well as in science search engines, such as Google Scolar and Web of Science. Over 150 sources were studied in total, of which the most significant ones are included in our references herein. Results and Discussion. The article reflects a contemporary view of the epidemiological and etiopathogenetic aspects of developing gastric and duodenal ulcers with a focus on the role of polymorphism of candidate genes in forming such pathology. Conclusion. The analysis of this literature review showed the importance of how genetic factors affect the risk of developing gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as the relevance of further studies thereof followed by potentially developing some programs aimed at the primary prevention of ulcer disease and a personalized approach to health care delivery.
ROLE OF REDOX STATUS CHANGES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors:   South State Medical University,, OSIKOV MIKHAIL V. , KOROBKIN EGOR A. ,   Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital, FEDOSOV ALEKSEY A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, SINEGLAZOVA ALBINA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a hemoblastosis of CD5+ B lymphocytes characterized by lymphocytosis and damages to lymphatic organs and occurring in the older age group. Its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully understood as of today. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the regulating the hemostasis of hemopoietic stem cells and in activating intracellular survival signaling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Aim. This study is aimed at analyzing the current data on the role of redox status changes in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Materials and Methods. We reviewed relevant studies published in 2018-2023 and research articles collected in scientific electronic bibliographic databases PubMed and Social Sciences Citation Index, dealing with the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the role of free-radical oxidation processes in it. Results and Discussion. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, oxidative stress with a systemic excess of reactive oxygen species, an imbalance in the effectiveness of antioxidant defense is caused mainly by activation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, low levels of NADPH-oxidase type 2, increased expression of hemoxygenase-1, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione recycling enzymes, superoxide dismutase-2, thioredoxins, and decreased expression of catalase. Oxidative stress subsequences in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells include the activation of transcription factors related to erythroid nuclear factor, nuclear kappa B factor, and FOXO family transcription factors. One of the mechanisms of resistance to drug therapy and oxidative stress of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is the intracellular signaling pathway dependent on erythroid nuclear factor-2, due to the activation of expression in cells of superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxin-3 and -5, heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin-1 and -2, reduced glutathione, natural killer cell activity, which is associated with lifespan, chemotaxis, proliferation and survival. FOXO family proteins are believed to suppress carcinogenesis. FOXO3a increases the expression of superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxin-3 and -5, and the activity of natural killer cells, which promotes the survival of tumor cells. Conclusion. The development of new targeted pharmacological agents that are capable of accumulating reactive oxygen species and reducing antioxidant protection due to the degradation of erythroid nuclear factor-2 and activation of NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase-1 is underway, which modernizes the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL MORBIDITY TIME PROFILE AND STRUCTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, BERHEEVA ZUKHRA M. , IMAMOV ALMAS A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, IGNATANS ELENA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, SABITOVA MINZILYA M. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. In their labor activities, employees are exposed to some hazardous and harmful factors of the working environment, of which the key ones are physical factors, such as noise or local/general vibration; physical and functional overloads of the musculoskeletal system; aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action; and dust. The core indicator characterizing the occupational risk of a health problems is occupational morbidity. Aim. Studying the time profile and structure of occupational morbidity in employees of the Republic of Tatarstan. Material and methods. Occupational morbidity over the years 2007-2021 was analyzed. Over the period under research, occupational illnesses were diagnosed in 2,546 employees of 130 occupational categories. Results and discussion. The highest rates of occupational morbidity were recorded among employees of agricultural and mechanical engineering enterprises and companies. About 60% of occupational diseases were diagnosed in those pursuing 7 professions. What stands out is the similarity of occupational pathologies in assembly workers and riveters, fettlers, and farm-machine operators, who were diagnosed with vibration syndrome and occupational deafness. Occupational diseases of respiratory and musculoskeletal systems were additionally diagnosed in fettlers. In milkmaids, the occupational diseases of musculoskeletal system take the leading place. Polymorbidity of occupational pathology is most pronounced in machine milking operators followed by tractor drivers and fettlers. Conclusion. It is necessary to ensure early occupational pathology diagnoses in routine health screenings and timely referrals to the occupational pathology center in order to perform causal relationship assessments between disease and occupation.
e-LIT: Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Literasi Digital bagi Generasi Digital-Native
Authors: Karitas Chionia , Suwartono Christiany
Published: October 2023

Literasi digital menjadi semakin penting dalam era digitalisasi saat ini, namun tingkat literasi digital di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji properti psikometri dari Tes Literasi Digital UAJ (tes LD-UAJ) sebagai alat ukur kemampuan literasi digital mahasiswa. Tes LD-UAJ dirancang untuk mengukur kemampuan minimum penguasaan teknologi digital sebelum memasuki dunia kerja. Tes ini merupakan achievement test yang terdiri dari 30 soal pilihan ganda yang mengukur lima dimensi literasi digital, yaitu literasi informasi dan data, komunikasi dan kolaborasi, kompetensi digital, keamanan, dan pemecahan masalah.

Tes literasi digital UAJ dalam pengembangannya melibatkan dua kali pengambilan data kepada 97 mahasiswa aktif jenjang S1. Melalui teknik convenience sampling, terdapat 46 partisipan yang terlibat dalam uji coba dan 51 uji lapangan. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan metode analisis item, validitas, dan reliabilitas untuk mengevaluasi property psikometri tes LD-UAJ. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tes LD-UAJ memiliki validitas yang baik dalam hal validitas isi, khususnya melalui pendapat ahli dan validitas muka dengan para partisipan. Hasil reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa tes LD-UAJ reliabel dengan koefisien omega sebesar 0,82.

Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk melakukan validasi kriteria sebab kriteria yang digunakan saat pengembangan belum menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat dengan literasi digital. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa masih ada hambatan dalam pengembangan tes LD-UAJ, seperti keterbatasan waktu, rendahnya minat dan partisipasi mahasiswa, serta kesulitan dalam mendapatkan sampel yang cukup besar. Namun, tes LD-UAJ diharapkan dapat menjadi alat ukur yang berguna dalam mengevaluasi tingkat literasi digital mahasiswa dan dapat membantu rekomendasi pelatihan yang sesuai dengan area kemampuan digital mahasiswa sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman literasi digitalnya.

 

Kata kunci: evaluasi psikometri; internet; teknologi digital; tes LD-UAJ; tes literasi digital
PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS IN AN URBAN DISTRICT OF JHANG (PUNJAB) PAKISTAN
Authors: Shoaib Akhtar Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The diabetic complications have become a world health problem. They prevail throughout the world but their percentages differ in different areas due to cultural influences. Therefore, we have determined prevalence of complications of diabetes in the rural population of district Jhang (Pakistan). For this purpose, a performa was developed and information was collected from two hundred and ten (210) diabetic patients about their age, sex, height, socioeconomic status, educational status, type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis, blood pressure and blood sugar levels ( fasting and random) and the symptoms of diabetes. Mainly the complications were compared with different variables or risk factors like diet, type of diabetes, obesity, sugar levels and uncontrolled diet. Retinopathy, carbuncles, pregnancy and hypertension complications in both sexes had non-significant (P>0.05) relationship with controlled diet but significant (P<0.05) with uncontrolled diet. Nephropathy and neuropathy showed significant relationship with controlled diet and non-significant with uncontrolled diet. Retinopathy, neuropathy and gangrene in both sexes were highly significantly (P<0.001) related with both types of diabetes.
El armorial de la iglesia de la Asunción de Priego de Córdoba (siglo XVII). Armerías, ennoblecimiento y formación de una élite local.
Authors: Valle Poras José Manuel
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se analiza uno de los más originales armoriales españoles del siglo XVII, que representa los escudos de armas de varios propietarios de sepulturas de la iglesia mayor parroquial de Priego de Córdoba. La metodología utilizada ha consistido en elaborar el perfil social de dichos individuos mediante la reconstrucción de cada una de sus respectivas genealogías y trayectorias familiares. Esto ha permitido constatar la frecuente existencia de recientes antepasados plebeyos de cierta capacidad económica, que fueron caballeros cuantiosos o miembros del Santo Oficio; también el momento en que varios individuos de estos linajes se convierten en jurados o regidores del concejo; y, finalmente, el posible registro posterior como hidalgos en algún padrón municipal. En esta coyuntura de ascenso social se sitúa la adquisición, por parte de tales familias, de los emblemas heráldicos recogidos en este armorial, que cumplen, por tanto, una clara función al servicio del ennoblecimiento. Por ello, y con el fin de ocultar la cercana condición pechera, las armerías fueron, no creaciones ex novo, sino usurpadas a linajes homónimos de más antigua y reconocida nobleza.
Los Ceza de Huete (Cuenca). Un linaje de la nobleza local con raices conversas
Authors: Gómez de Mora David , Fernández Rabadán Guillermo
Published: October 2023

Resumen:En el presente articulo se estudia una de las familias con las que ha contado la ciudad de Huete (Cuenca): los Ceza. Un linaje vinculado a las comunidades judeoconversas que fue medrando socialmente hasta adquirir un reconocimiento nobiliario y que finalmente llegó a destacar dentro de la alta política del país. Para ello se han vaciado algunas de las series del Archivo Eclesiástico de Huete y el Fondo de la Inquisición del Archivo Diocesano de Cuenca, entre otros, y elaborado una serie de árboles genealógicos que clarifican la procedencia y descendencia de estas familias. Abstract:In this article we study one of the families that have lived in the city of Huete (Cuenca): the Ceza family. A lineage linked to the Jewish-converse communities that grew socially until it acquired noble recognition and finally came to stand out in the country's high politics. To this end some of the series from the Ecclesiastical Archive of Huete and the Inquisition Collection of the Diocesan Archive of Cuenca, among others, have been emptied and a series of family trees have been drawn up to clarify the origin and descent of these families.
Las rectorías parroquiales en la ciudad de Córdoba durante el Antiguo Régimen: acercamiento a la cuestión
Authors: Rodríguez-Trenas Fernando
Published: October 2023

ResumenSi poco estudiado ha sido el estrato más bajo del clero en la ciudad de Córdoba, el pequeño núcleo que formaban los rectores parroquiales aún menos. Estas rectorías, de importancia supina para la labor pastoral y la administración de sacramentos, parecen no tener una forma definida durante la época moderna en Córdoba. La cuestión de su definición es el objeto de este artículo, para lo que se han consultado las constituciones sinodales de la diócesis, así como diversa información de archivo. Su carácter beneficial o no, así como la concesión de la cura animarum centran el debate. La adaptación al modelo tridentino de rectoría parroquial exigió un verdadero esfuerzo para la administración diocesana, que debió lidiar con las reticencias y alegaciones de una empoderada Universidad de Beneficiados que se había aprovechado de la indefinición de este cargo en la ciudad de Córdoba. Por ello, se destaca un punto de inflexión en esta situación en 1648, cuando el obispo Pimentel, animado desde Roma, plantea un modelo de patronato para estas rectorías que permitan la manutención de sus titulares sin el perjuicio de modificar cualquier reparto del diezmo parroquial, que hubiera supuesto una mayor oposición a la que ya hubo durante un siglo después.AbstractIf little studied has been the lower stratum of the clergy in the city of Córdoba, the small nucleus that made up the parish rectors even less. These rectories, of supine importance for pastoral work and the administration of the sacraments, seem to have no definite form during modern times in Córdoba. The question of its definition is the object of this article, for which the synodical constitutions of the diocese has been consulted, as well as various archival information. Its beneficial nature or not, as well as the granting of the cura animarum center the debate. The adaptation to the Tridentine model of parish rectory required a real effort from the diocesan administration, which had to deal with the reluctance and allegations of an empowered Universidad de Beneficiados, that had taken advantage of the lack of definition of this position in the city of Córdoba. For this reason, a turning point in this situation stands out in 1648, when the bishop fray Domingo Pimentel, encouraged from Rome, proposed a model of patronage for these rectories that would allow the maintenance of their holders without the detriment of modifying any distribution of the parish tithe, that it would have supposed a greater opposition to the one that already existed during a century later.
El curriculum vitae de los capitulares en el siglo XVI: el ejemplo del cabildo catedral de Santiago
Authors: Iglesias Ortega Arturo
Published: October 2023

Desde un enfoque prosopográfico y estadístico, empleando numerosas fuentes documentales y bibliográficas, este trabajo hace un seguimiento exhaustivo de la carrera profesional de los miembros del cabildo catedralicio de Santiago de Compostela en el siglo XVI, analizando las variables que determinan su ocupación de puestos eclesiásticos y civiles en tres períodos vitales (antes, durante y después de su vida capitular compostelana) y teniendo en cuenta su tipología capitular. Además, estudiamos el grado de cumplimiento de las disposiciones canónicas, especialmente las del Concilio de Trento, en lo que se refiere a los grados y órdenes eclesiásticos de los capitulares al ingresar en el cabildo.
Relações Familiares e Parafamiliares dos Mouriscos Portugueses
Authors: Mendes Drumond Braga Isabel M. R.
Published: October 2023

En este artículo la autora pretende analizar las prácticas y actitudes familiares, ortodoxas y heterodoxas, de los moriscos portugueses en época moderna.
La "Genealogía de los señores de la casa de Medina Sidonia" de Luis de Salazar y Castro
Authors: Carriazo Rubio Juan L.
Published: October 2023

En este artículo presentamos y editamos una genealogía de los señores de Sanlúcar de Barrameda, condes de Niebla y duques de Medina Sidonia, elaborada en 1702 por Luis de Salazar y Castro, uno de los más importantes genealogistas españoles. Se analizan también las conexiones de este texto con otros escritos de Salazar sobre el linaje de Guzmán.
Estrategias familiares con fines económicos y sociales. El caso del jurado cordobés Martín Gómez de Aragón
Authors: Quevedo Sánchez Francisco I.
Published: October 2023

Los tópicos que tradicionalmente rodean a la sociedad de la España Moderna afortunadamente están siendo superados en los últimos años. La intuición y el trabajo de algunos historiadores nos ha permitido conocer en profundidad la realidad que se esconde tras las apariencias de una sociedad estática, inmóvil. Multitud de personajes del estado llano, entre los que también incluiríamos a las minorías sociales, lograron llegar a las filas de la nobleza o, al menos, a situaciones prenobiliarias. Si bien son numerosos los ejemplos, en este artículo hemos escogido un caso paradigmático, el del jurado Martín Gómez de Aragón, quién lleva a cabo a lo largo de su vida toda una serie de estrategias y acciones en pos de lograr el tan ansiado estatus social. Un ejemplo excepcional, pues no sólo pertenece al denostado grupo mercantil, sino que además forma parte de una extensa parentela con ascendencia judía, lo que da mayor valor a su proceso de ennoblecimiento.
El cabildo catedralicio de Évora en la Edad Moderna (1547-1801)
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez Antonio J. , López-Salazar Codes Ana I.
Published: October 2023

Sin duda, durante la Edad Moderna, el más rico, prestigioso y poderoso cabildo catedralicio portugués fue el de Évora. Sin embargo, hasta ahora no existe ningún estudio sobre esta institución centrado en los siglos modernos. Por ello, con este artículo, se pretende alcanzar un doble objetivo. Por un lado, se estudia la evolución institucional del cabildo desde la elevación de Évora a sede metropolitana hasta los inicios del siglo XIX. Por otro, se analizan las vías de ingreso en el cabildo con el objetivo de conocer el equilibrio de poderes entre la Santa Sede y el arzobispado y las vías extraordinarias (coadjutorías y resignas) utilizadas por determinadas familias para conservar y transmitir las canonjías y dignidades capitulares convertidas, casi, en bienes patrimoniales.
Las armerías de los conquistadores de Indias
Authors: López-Fanjul de Argüelles Carlos
Published: October 2023

Se analizan 222 armerías concedidas a los conquistadores, caracterizadas por el uso de: 1) muebles simbólicos, alusivos al paraje donde habían transcurrido las acciones conmemoradas y a sus protagonistas y antagonistas; 2) representaciones naturalistas del suceso; 3) acrecentamientos que exhibían las armas, divisas e iniciales de los reyes; y 4) profusión de diferentes borduras y cimeras. La identidad de los diseñadores se desconoce, aunque caben señalar múltiples coincidencias entre la heráldica de los conquistadores y la de los personajes de ficción de los libros de caballerías.
Los Mármol, un linaje de origen converso al servicio de la Monarquía española
Authors: Castillo Fernández Javier
Published: October 2023

Se presenta un análisis, en un tiempo largo, de la trayectoria de la amplia estirpe de los Mármol, compuesta por varios linajes y numerosas familias, que se desarrolló y progresó al calor del poder real castellano durante los siglos XV al XVIII. Partiendo de la figura del fundador de la estirpe, el maestro Alonso de Toledo, médico de la corte castellana, nos acercaremos al devenir de sus descendientes, entre los que figuraron funcionarios, miembros del clero, militares, intelectuales y oligarcas de varias ciudades castellanas. Se analizan las distintas estrategias desplegadas para su ennoblecimiento y ascenso social. También se desvela el verdadero origen de los Mármol y se confirma definitivamente su ascendencia judeoconversa.
Diccionario biográfico de la Catedral de Córdoba (I): Los miembros del cabildo en época moderna
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez Antonio J.
Published: October 2023

Esta publicación recoge la primera parte del estudio biográfico de un conjunto representativo de los miembros del cabildo de una catedral española, la de Córdoba, entre finales del siglo XV y los primeros años del XIX. Para ello, he optado por el formato de entradas simplificadas con los datos básicos sobre el origen, la filiación, los estudios y la carrera de varios cientos de eclesiásticos.
Un ejemplo de estrategia familiar dentro de la iglesia: los Rojas y Sandoval y el deanato de la Catedral de Jaén en el siglo XVI
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Francisco
Published: October 2023

Este artículo pretende estudiar las estrategias que condujeron a la familia Rojas y Sandoval a retener y ostentar el deanato de la catedral de Jaén durante el siglo XVI. Asimismo, intenta trazar una aproximación a la vida cotidiana de sus miembros y reconstruye el paso de la prebenda a manos de los Pacheco. Para llevar a cabo estos objetivos, el autor ha recopilado y analizado algunos documentos procedentes de archivos locales y nacionales. Un trabajo que le ha permitido relacionar este caso de estudio con las características básicas del clero catedralicio durante la Edad Moderna.
«Macula Infamiae» en los expedientes de limpieza de la Catedral de Toledo (1577-1623)
Authors: Rodríguez de Gracia Hilario
Published: October 2023

El Estatuto de limpieza de sangre establecido en la catedral de Toledo se utilizó como principal argumento para excluir a individuos de los beneficios catedralicios. Otras tesis indican que sirvió para favorecer la reproducción de un grupo social mediante el control de la pureza de sangre. Con el nombre de limpieza de sangre se realizó una averiguación genealógica, cuyo grado de reconocimiento es distinto en función de la institución que la mandase efectuar. Las pruebas realizadas para entrar en la catedral de Toledo fueron concienzudas y rígidas. Su objetivo era comprobar la limpieza genealógica de un candidato a canónigo, racionero, clerizón o seise. El informe coartó la entrada a quienes poseían ascendientes con ciertos defectos, casi siempre conversos, los llamados “cristianos nuevos”. Debido a la complejidad del examen que realizaba un comisario salieron a la luz las procedencias dudosas o la infamia de los antepasados. Entre esa copiosa documentación hay otras noticias muy diversas, así como orígenes no legitimados y entronques falsificados y ocultos bajo diversas estrategias. La base documental sobre la que se ha elaborado este artículo son los expedientes guardados en el Archivo de la Catedral de Toledo, aquellos donde quedan probadas las notas negativas y los que contienen denuncias anónimas: unas verdaderas y otras falsas.
Gestión terminológica germano-hispana para la traducción e interpretación social basada en marcos cognitivos
Authors: Koreneva Antonova Olga
Published: October 2023

La Terminología Basada en Marcos (Faber et al. 2006; Faber 2022) pretende facilitar la gestión terminológica, que se ve beneficiada gracias a la estructuración adecuada del conocimiento especializado subyacente a los términos. Los conceptos y sus relaciones reflejan la organización del lexicón mental humano. Para efectuar el trabajo terminológico, los traductores e intérpretes deben adquirir un mínimo de las nociones de especialidad. La organización del conocimiento en las estructuras cognitivos universales para cualquier lengua (marcos) ayuda a representar y comprender los conceptos correspondientes. Ello facilita la búsqueda de sus equivalentes multilingües para mejor comunicación profesional. Tras la experiencia de éxito anterior en la gestión de la terminología médica durante la pandemia del COVID-19 (Evento Coronavirus-19), se ha propuesto organizar los conceptos del ámbito de refugiados y migración en el marco REFUGEE EVENT. Esta estructura conceptual debería facilitar la traducción e interpretación social en la situación política actual compleja y el movimiento migratorio en movimiento constante. En base al corpus germano-español recopilado mediante la herramienta informática Sketch Engine se ha podido llevar a cabo su análisis e identificar los conceptos centrales del ámbito de la atención a los refugiados en la UE. Gracias a la organización de los conceptos principales y las relaciones entre ellos en una estructura universal de marcos se pretende contribuir a la gestión terminológica en el ámbito de migración y facilitar el trabajo a gran número de traductores e intérpretes especializados en cualquier lengua,
Palabras clave: traducción e interpretación, terminología basada en marcos, migración, política de refugiados, Lingüística Cognitiva
Catastrophic Complications Following Spinal Deformity Surgery in a Patient with Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Kim Rae Hyung , Park Sung Bae
Published: October 2023

Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, often leading to spinal deformities and decreased quality of life. While the surgical correction of spinal deformities is not absolutely contraindicated in MD patients, a comprehensive pre-anesthetic evaluation is crucial, particularly considering cardiovascular and respiratory health. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with MD who underwent spinal deformity surgery to correct kyphosis and alleviate severe back pain. Despite the absence of significant events during surgery and preoperative risk factors, the patient experienced postoperative respiratory failure, hypotension, aggravated weakness, and mental deterioration in the intensive care unit. The patient received long-term ventilator support during hospitalization for respiratory muscle weakness. She demonstrated significant improvements in strength, mobility, and respiratory function with multidisciplinary support and rehabilitation, achieving functional independence within 6 months postoperatively. The authors discuss the possible etiological mechanisms underlying these complications and highlight the need for preoperative evaluations and multidisciplinary care for patients with MD.
Single-channel multilayer forming mechanism of laser cladding Fe60 process under different laser heat source working mode
Authors: Li Chang , Sun Han , Zhao Junjia , Han Xing
Published: October 2023

Continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) are the two principal modes of working to control the laser heat source. Different laser heat source working modes have an essential impact on the rapid cooling and heating temperature change rate during the cladding, which directly determines the cladding layer quality. The laser cladding process is meaningful to quantitatively reveal the mechanism of single-channel multilayer cladding and forming under different laser heat source working modes. In this paper, a multi-field coupled 3D numerical model of the single-channel multilayer cladding process under diverse laser working modes is proposed, and the thermal physical parameters of the cladding material are computed on the basis of CALPHAD method. The mechanism of the impact of distinct working modes on the multi-field coupled ephemeral evolution process of laser cladding is investigated by using the solid/liquid interface tracking technique, which comprehensively considers the light-powder interaction between the powder waist beam and the laser beam in diverse working modes. The temperature, flow and stress fields are computationally solved for a single-channel multilayer cladding process. On the foundation of this study, the mechanism of the impact of pulse duty cycle and pulse frequency on the cladding behavior of single-channel and multi-layers during pulsed laser cladding was dissected. The macroscopic morphology and microstructure of the cladding layer were observed by KEYENCE VH-Z100R ultra-deep field electron microscope, and the feasibility of the model was confirmed. This study provides an important theoretical rationale for enhancing the cladding quality under different laser working modes.
Improved rare mercury recovery from fluorescent lamp wastes through simultaneous leaching and heating
Authors: karamzadeh leyla , salahi esmaeil , mobasherpour iman , rajabi armin , javaheri masomeh
Published: October 2023

Mercury is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants due to its stability in the environment and bioaccumulation in the food chain. Regarding the adverse effects of mercury on human health and environment, huge efforts have been made throughout the world to reduce its undesirable impacts. Mercury is one of the main components of the low-consumption and fluorescent lamps. Recovery of Hg-containing fluorescent lamps is of crucial significance in the developed countries. The glass parts of the used fluorescent lamps are among the dangerous wastes whose Hg content should be reduced to the lowest possible level according to the global standards. In this research, a definite amount of glass parts of the fluorescent lamps was washed with a definite volume of deionized water to separate and minimize their Hg content. To enhance the leaching efficiency and extract the mercury content, the mixture was stirred. Then parameters such as the ratio of glass to deionized water (S/L), stirring time, temperature, and pH were changed to achieve the highest Hg extraction. The highest Hg extraction (98%) was achieved at S/L = 0.1, stirring time of 12 h, temperature of 60℃, pH = 1 (using a combination of HCl and phosphoric acid 5% with the ratio of 1:4). The results confirmed a decline in the Hg content of the glass by decrementing pH in an acidic environment. The resultant glass wastes can be classified as non-dangerous wastes.
A new surface roughness measurement method based on QR-SVM
Authors: Yu Xiaofeng , Li Zhengminqing , Sheng Wei , Zhang Chuanmei
Published: October 2023

This study proposes a method for detecting surface roughness in machining, which solves the problem of low detection accuracy caused by a small sample size based on machine vision detection. The fusion of QR and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods is used to detect surface roughness. Firstly, a contact roughness detector is used to measure the surface roughness value, and a CCD is used to obtain the processed surface image to obtain the sample. Secondly, the QR decomposition method is improved to generate virtual samples and expand the sample size. Extract the texture feature values of the image using the gray level co-occurrence matrix, and establish the correlation between roughness and texture features. Finally, support vector machines are used to classify the surface roughness of mechanical machining. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the surface roughness detection method based on machine vision has increased from 80.6–96.5%, proving the feasibility of this method and providing a theoretical basis for on-site detection of small sample surface roughness. This method has certain engineering application potential.
Wettability study of Developed Silicon based SMAW Electrode Coating Fluxes using SiO 2 -CaO-TiO 2 and SiO 2 -CaO-MgO Ternary System
Authors: Mishra Sudish , Sharma Lochan , Chhibber Rahul
Published: October 2023

The current research aims to develop and investigate the wettability behaviour of the fluxes used to coat shielded metal arc welding electrodes for offshore applications. Weld characteristics on duplex stainless steel are significantly affected by the flux's wettability characteristics. The wetting properties of SMAW electrode coatings were measured using the sessile drop technique. Twenty-six flux constituents of coatings have been formulated using the mixture design approach. At a temperature of 1423 K, the contact angle, spread area, surface tension, and adhesion work are measured. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analytical techniques and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were employed to determine the phases present in various types of fluxes. The influence of electrode coating flux compositions on different wetting parameters was examined using statistical models. It was observed that CaO, SiO2, and TiO2 individually have an increasing impact on contact angle, whereas MgO has a decreasing effect. CaO.MgO, SiO2.MgO, and TiO2.MgO is the only binary constituent increasing the contact angle. CaO and TiO2 exhibit increasing impacts, whereas SiO2 and MgO have a decreasing impact on the spread area. CaO.SiO2, SiO.TiO2, SiO.MgO, and TiO2.MgO interactions have increasing effects, while other binary interactions show decreasing effects on the spread area. Individual constituents have a positive effect on surface tension. MgO is the only constituent that increases the work of adhesion, and other constituents decrease it. Interactions like CaO, SiO2, CaO, TiO2, and SiO2.TiO2 has an increasing impact on adhesion work, while other binary interactions show a negative effect. Utilizing an artificial neural network approach, the mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values for the predicted outcome were effectively minimized. ANN model prediction was compared to regression prediction.
Microfluidic Compartmentalization of Rat Vagal Afferent Neurons to Model Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Girardi Gregory , Zumpano Danielle , Raybould Helen , Seker Erkin
Published: October 2023

Background
Vagal afferent neurons represent the key neurosensory branch of the gut-brain axis, which describes the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal system and the brain. These neurons are important for detecting and relaying sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system to modulate feeding behavior, metabolism, and inflammation. Confounding variables complicate the process of isolating the role of the vagal afferents in mediating these physiological processes. Therefore, we developed a microfluidic model of the sensory branch of the gut-brain axis. We show that this microfluidic model successfully compartmentalizes the cell body and neurite terminals of the neurons, thereby simulates the anatomical layout of these neurons to more accurately study physiologically-relevant processes.
Methods
We implemented a primary rat vagal afferent neuron culture into a microfluidic platform consisting of two concentric chambers interconnected with radial microchannels. The microfluidic platform separated cell bodies from neurite terminals of vagal afferent neurons. We then introduced physiologically-relevant molecules at the nerve terminals and assessed their retrograde transport along the neurite or capacity to elicit an electrophysiological response using live cell calcium imaging.
Results
The angle of microchannel outlets dictated the probability of neurites growing into a chamber versus tracking along chamber walls. When the neurite terminals were exposed to fluorescently-labeled cholera toxin subunit B, the proteins were taken up and retrogradely
transported along the neurites over the course of 24 hours. Additionally, mechanical perturbation (e.g., rinsing) of the neurite terminals significantly increased intracellular calcium concentration in the distal soma. Finally, membrane-displayed receptor for capsaicin was expressed and trafficked along newly projected neurites, as revealed by confocal microscopy.
Conclusions
In this work, we developed a microfluidic device that can recapitulate the anatomical layout of vagal afferent neurons in vitro. We demonstrated two physiologically-relevant applications of the platforms: retrograde transport and electrophysiological response. We expect this tool to enable controlled studies on the role of vagal afferent neurons in the gut-brain axis.
How Multiple Creditors, Market Liquidity and Homeowner Participation Affect Foreclosure Discounts
Authors: Reite Endre J. , Oust Are
Published: October 2023

This study investigates how multiple subordinated creditors and market liquidity in the local real estate market influence the foreclosure discount. It also explores differences in homeowner participation. We use a complete record of all forced Norwegian house sales between December 2001 and February 2018, with and without homeowner participation in response to default on a mortgage or subordinated claim. We estimate foreclosure discounts using an advanced statistical valuation model and repeated sales to explore differences between these approaches. This study expands previous research by exploring the direct and indirect effects of subordinated claims and market liquidity, homeowner participation incentives, and homeowner participation’s impact on the foreclosure discount. Homeowners in liquid markets are more likely to participate in a soft foreclosure sale, thus reducing the foreclosure discount significantly. Default on subordinated claims increases the foreclosure discount, partially through reduced homeowner participation. Our results demonstrate the importance of including the severity of indebtedness and homeowner participation in research on biased valuations and relate the observed foreclosure discount to differences in homeowner participation and market liquidity.
JEL— G21, R2, R51
The spleen is the graveyard of CD4+ cells in patients with the immunological failure of visceral leishmaniasis and AIDS
Authors: Reinaldo Luis Gustavo Cavalcante , Júnior Raimundo José Cunha Araújo , Diniz Thiago Melo , Moura Rafael Deus , Filho Antônio José Meneses , Furtado Caio Victor Verçosa Macedo , Santos Washington Luis Conrado dos , Costa Dorcas Lamounier , Eulálio Kelsen Dantas , Ferreira Gabriel R , Costa Carlos Henrique Nery
Published: October 2023

Background
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, is a common comorbidity of patients with AIDS in endemic areas. Many patients continue to develop relapses of VL, nevertheless with virological control but with immunological failure. Because they remain chronically symptomatic with anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and at risk of severe coinfections due to low CD4 + count, 11 coinfected patients underwent splenectomy as a salvage therapy. The spleen's red pulp filters and clears blood elements, while the white pulp is lymphoid tissue.
Methods
This study compared the patient's complete blood cell counts (CBC), CD4+, and CD8 + cells before and after splenectomy and with the spleen weight.
Results
There was a substantial improvement in CBC after splenectomy, indicating hypersplenism. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the spleen mass is strongly and negatively correlated with CD4 + cell count (r = 0.72, p-value = 0.013).
Conclusion
The finding was unexpected since the spleen is the most extensive lymphoid tissue and T-lymphocyte source. After reviewing the literature, we concluded that the immunological failure was secondary to CD4 + loss initially by apoptosis in the spleen induced by productive HIV infection and lately by pyroptosis sustained by the parasitic infection in spleen macrophages.