bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual tree inventory based on uncrewed aerial vehicle data: how to utilise stand-wise field measurements of diameter for calibration?
Authors:   School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland, Jääskeläinen Johanna , Korhonen Lauri , Kukkonen Mikko , Packalen Petteri , Maltamo Matti
Published: April 2024

Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) have great potential for use in forest inventories, but in practice they can be expensive for relatively small inventory areas as a large number of field measurements are needed for model construction. One proposed solution is to transfer previously constructed models to a new inventory area and to calibrate these with a small number of local field measurements. Our objective was to compare calibration of general models and the construction of new models to determine the best approach for UAV-based forest inventories. Our material included field measurements and UAV-based laser scanning data, from which individual trees were automatically identified. A general mixed-effects model for diameter at breast height (DBH) had been formulated earlier based on data from a geographically wider area. It was calibrated to the study area with field measurements from 2–10 randomly selected calibration trees. The calibrated diameters were used to calculate the diameter of a basal area median tree (DGM), tree volumes, and the volume of all trees at plot-level. Next, new DBH-models were formulated based on the 2–10 randomly selected trees and calibrated with plot-level random effects estimated during model construction. Finally, plot-specific height-diameter regression models were formulated by randomly selecting 10 trees from each plot. Calibration reduced the prediction errors of all variables. An increase in the number of calibration trees decreased error rates by 1–6% depending on the variable. Calibrated predictions from the general mixed-effects model were similar to the separately formulated mixed-effects models and plot-specific regression models.
The use of thermoplastic polyurethane composites to develop a model of the renal pelvicalyceal system by 3D printing
Authors: Balawender Krzysztof , Przeszłowski Łukasz
Published: April 2024

Composites based on thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUR) were obtained using the twin-screw extrusion method. Influence of the addition of 6–8 wt% silica and 1–3 wt%. aluminum oxide and 1–3 wt%. dibutyl phthalate (plasticizer) on Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact strength and tensile mechanical properties was tested. The best properties were obtained for a composite containing 8 wt% silica, 3 wt% aluminum oxide and 3 wt% dibutyl phthalates. For this composite, the renal pelvicalyceal system was obtained using the FFF method.
Classification of Manners of the Prevocalic Alveolar Consonants in Machine Learning Using Dynamic Formant Transitions of Vowels in Korean Spontaneous Speech
Authors:   The Society Of Modern Grammar, Hong Soonhyun
Published: April 2024

The present study tried to classify the prevocalic manners of alveolar consonants using the formant transitions of the vowel in a Korean spontaneous speech corpus. Random forest and neural network models were trained and tested on selections of F1, F2, and F3 samples taken at the vowel onset and target of the vowel. It was found that prevocalic manners could not be manifested properly by the samples of any one or two formants, taken singly at the vowel onset or doubly at the vowel onset and target. Rather, both models trained on all the F1, F2, and F3 measurements taken doubly at the vowel onset and target, manifested the prevocalic manners robustly, though the random forest model outperformed the neural network model. The former model was further trained on additional predictors. Vowel identity facilitated model classification substan- tially more than F0, gender, speaking rate, and vowel duration. The contribution of the latter predictors was rather marginal.
Exploring the Alteration of Teacher-Student Relationships Through Lexical Analysis of Drama Dialogues: Focused on Youth Dramas from the 1990s to the 2010s
Authors:   The Society Of Modern Grammar, Jeong Yejin , Ko Hyewon
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to explore the alteration of teacher-student relationships in youth dramas aired from 1991 to 2012, through the transcription of dialogues and quantitative lexical analysis. Selecting one drama per decade from the 1990s to the 2010s, the study employs morphological analysis and the weighted log- odds ratio to extract key words, categorized into nouns, verbs, adjectives, and sentence-closing ending. By ranking the extracted keywords by their centrality and selecting those of significance, the study examines how the dynamics between teachers and students have changed, discussing these changes in the context of actual drama dialogues. This paper is significant for its quantitative approach to drama dialogues, previously limited to socio-cultural interpretations based on a limited selection of works, offering a diachronic perspective on the shifting dynamics of teacher-student relationships. Dramas, reflecting the thoughts of their times, serve as a suitable medium for studying generational shifts, yet the extensive volume of material has hindered comprehensive research. This study anticipates future holistic approaches to drama analysis, enabling meaningful exploration of cultural and educational shifts over time.
WH-Less WH-Questions and the Syntax of WHY
Authors:   The Society Of Modern Grammar, Kim Yong-Ha
Published: April 2024

This study is concerned with a very peculiar phenomenon in Korean in which WH-questions do not apparently have any WH-phrases but show typical WH-prosodies. This phenomenon has first been reported in Y.-H. Kim (2020), who provides a plausible analysis based on Ko’s (2006) CMH (CP-Modifier Hypothesis). This study is a kind of sequel to his (2020) research, which has the problem of poor experimental data. We, thus, carried out a neatly designed experiment with a number of subjects, and have found out that Y.-H. Kim’s (2020) analysis is indeed verified and can be said to be on the right track. We discuss the results of the experiment and their implications.
On Technology and Degrowth
Authors: Hickel Jason
Published: April 2024

There is a common misconception among critics that degrowth proponents do not engage with the question of technology, instead leaving the implementation of technological solutions to the planetary crisis to green growth advocates. Jason Hickel shows that not only is this narrative false, it obscures the possibilities for technology unfettered by capitalism.
SYNONYMY OF PREPOSITIONS WITH THE SUBCATEGORIAL SEMANTICS “INDICATING AN ADVERBIAL RELATION” IN THE BUSINESS LANGUAGE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors:   South Ural State University, Bernat Oksana , Raevskaya Maria ,   South Ural State University, Chernysheva Marina ,   South Ural State University
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on analyzing synonymic relationships among prepositions in shorthand business documents of the second half of the 18th century. Lexical and phraseological prepositions in the business language of that period, as well as in contemporary Russian, constitute integral components of the language's lexical system. In their interactions with each other and with other parts of speech, these prepositions form synonymic relationships. Ambiguous prepositions identified in the business writing of the second half of the 18th century belong to distinct synonymic series based on their meanings. In modern Russian, series of prepositions within synonymic relationships are not commonly used, a phenomenon linked to semantic shifts in the meaning of prepositions. The ambiguous prepositionsidentified in our analysis of business writing of the second half of the 18th century belong to different synonymic series depending on their meanings.
ON THE PLACE AND ROLE OF LOCALISMS IN THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE SYSTEM
Authors:   RUDN University, Bogdanova Elizaveta A. , Kotenyatkina Irina B. ,   RUDN University
Published: April 2024

The study of linguistic units operating as part of the national language within the framework of the regional usage is determined by the need to identify the features of heterogeneous variants and their place in the system of the national language, their relationship and interaction with the literary norm. The purpose of this article is to investigate the content of the linguistic term “localism” and distinguish it from other concepts used to denote territorially marked vocabulary. The article attempts to clarify the content of the linguistic term “localism” using examples from the Russian and Spanish languages, which occupies a central place in foreign linguistic regionalism. The theoretical basis of the study relies on the ideas of linguistic relativism and sociolinguistic determinism, according to which linguistic phenomena are studied taking into account variability as a fundamental property of language and in close relationship between language and social context. The methodological base is formed by general scientific methods, includingThe study of linguistic units operating as part of the national language within the framework of the regional usage is determined by the need to identify the features of heterogeneous variants and their place in the system of the national language, their relationship and interaction with the literary norm. The purpose of this article is to investigate the content of the linguistic term “localism” and distinguish it from other concepts used to denote territorially marked vocabulary. The article attempts to clarify the content of the linguistic term “localism” using examples from the Russian and Spanish languages, which occupies a central place in foreign linguistic regionalism. The theoretical basis of the study relies on the ideas of linguistic relativism and sociolinguistic determinism, according to which linguistic phenomena are studied taking into account variability as a fundamental property of language and in close relationship between language and social context. The methodological base is formed by general scientific methods, includingtheoretical analysis and synthesis of linguistic literature on the problem of regional vocabulary, as well as comparative analysis of terms denoting territorially marked language units. In the practical part of the study, the sociolinguistic interview method was used. General characteristics of localisms in Russian and Spanish are revealed. The conclusion about a stricter regulation of the use of localisms in the Spanish language is substantiated.
THE WORD “RUMOUR” AS A CONSTITUENT OF THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC GROUP (BASED ON DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS)
Authors:   South Ural State University, Khakimova Gulnara
Published: April 2024

The target of the research is the word rumor, with the primary research question focusing on its relation to a lexical-semantic group. The relevance of addressing this problem is driven by the growing scientific interest in the category of uncertain knowledge, encompassing various products of mass communication, including rumors. This interest arises from the current stage of information society development characterized by an abundance of often unconfirmed information and its rapid dissemination. The multidimensional nature of the phenomenon of rumors attracts the attention of various scholars, particularly linguists. Linguistic aspects of rumors can be examined from different perspectives, including the approach and methodology of lexical semantics across different languages. The paper aims to identify the core elements of the lexical-semantic group to which the word representing the studied concept in the English language belongs, based on dictionary definitions. The research tools employed include a combination of classical methods such as logical-semantic analysis, utilizing the dictionary definition chain method, step-by-step identification method, and partial componential analysis. The research findings demonstrate that the studied lexical-semantic group comprises a minimum set of lexical units, including gossip, hearsay, and rumour. The primary identifier and keyword within the lexical-semantic group under investigation is the word rumour, serving as an integral componentof the lexical meanings of the constituents studied. The obtained results are considered foundational for subsequent semantic differentiation of the identified adjacent elements within the lexical-semantic group
TECHNICAL INTERDISCOURSE MARKERS
Authors:   Technical Institute (branch) North-Eastern Federal University, Valieva Anna V.
Published: April 2024

The article explores interdiscourse markers in the Russian-English mining discourse corpus. The research is based on the existing classification of scientific and didactic interdiscourse markers by A.A. Gordievskiy. The study found that markers characteristic of the scientific style, such as quoting and noun phrases, cannot be considered interdiscourse markers in a technical text. In addition, the research reveals technical discourse inherent features of such interdiscourse markers as allusions, indirect speech, references, collective symbols and foreign language links. Based on the research results, the author proposes a classification of technical interdiscourse intertextual markers. The results of the study are applicable in linguodidactics as well as in mining industry CAT and automated translation systems development.
The necessity of implementing AI for enhancing safety in the Indonesian passenger shipping fleet
Authors: Rahadi Shinta J.A. , Prasetyo Dimas Fajar , Hakim Muhammad Luqman , Sari Dian Purnama , Virliani Putri , Rahadi Cakra W.K. , Rina Rina , Yulfani R. D. , Mohammad Luthfansyah , Kurnianingtyas Diva
Published: April 2024

The shipping industry, grappling with escalating challenges, increasingly adopts Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. Experts endorse ship automation and AI implementation for safety, navigation, and operational efficiency in ferry networks. This paper underscores AIS technology's role in maritime safety and environmental protection, emphasizing AI's potential in navigation and knowledge gap bridging. Indonesia, with its numerous islands and significant population, faces complex challenges in ensuring safe maritime transportation. Collaborative efforts among the government, industry, and stakeholders are vital for enhancing safety standards across the archipelago. Despite regulations, Indonesia contends with a high ferry accident rate, prompting the need for preventive measures. The study reviews AI's application in preventing sea accidents, recognizing its contributions and potential effectiveness in maritime safety. Acknowledging challenges like data quality and cybersecurity, the paper emphasizes the necessity of AI development for passenger ship safety. It concludes by highlighting significant research efforts, endorsing AI's promising role in reshaping the industry for improved efficiency and safety. Further exploration of AI applications, particularly in passenger ship safety, is recommended to meet evolving challenges in the maritime sector.
Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria Caused by a Novel Homoallelic Mutation in Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase Gene in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Farrag M. S. , Mikula I. , Richard E. , Saudek V. , De Verneuil H. , Martásek Pavel
Published: April 2024

Porphyrias are metabolic disorders resulting from mutations in haem biosynthetic pathway genes. Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) is a rare type of porphyria caused by the deficiency of the fifth enzyme (uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, UROD) in this pathway. The defect in the enzymatic activity is due to biallelic mutations in the UROD gene. Currently, 109 UROD mutations are known. The human disease has an early onset, manifesting in infancy or early childhood with red urine, skin photosensitivity in sun-exposed areas, and hypertrichosis. Similar defects and links to photosensitivity and hepatopathy exist in several animal models, including zebrafish and mice. In the present study, we report a new mutation in the UROD gene in Egyptian patients with HEP. We show that the homozygous c.T163A missense mutation leads to a substitution of a conserved phenylalanine (amino acid 55) for isoleucine in the enzyme active site, causing a dramatic decrease in the enzyme activity (19 % of activity of wild-type enzyme). Inspection of the UROD crystal structure shows that Phe-55 contacts the substrate and is located in the loop that connects helices 2 and 3. Phe-55 is strictly conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic UROD. The F55I substitution likely interferes with the enzyme-substrate interaction.
Interference of metamizole in the measurement of serum creatinine concentration
Authors: Castro-Castro María-José , Cachón-Suárez Isabel , Maestre-Fernández Andrea , Navarro-Badal Rosa
Published: April 2024

Objectives

There is little literature on the interference of metamizole in measurement creatinine concentration by the enzymatic method. Some studies have postulated that the dipyrone molecule is responsible for interfering in the last reaction of the enzymatic method sequence, due to its similarity with the 4-aminophenazone molecule. The aim of this study is to examine the interference of the presence of metamizole in the measurement of serum creatinine concentration by the enzymatic method.

Methods

An interference study of the measurement of creatinine concentration was carried out with two measurement procedures (enzymatic and Jaffe), by adding different concentrations of metamizole to pool from 30 serum samples of patients.

Results

The interference study indicates that the results of serum creatinine concentrations in patients, as measured by the enzymatic method, decrease with the addition of increasing concentrations of metamizole.

Conclusions

There is interference with metamizole in the measurement of serum creatinine concentration by the enzymatic method that it is have not seen in the Jaffe method.
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with pregnancy: role of the clinical laboratory in differential diagnosis
Authors: Ramos Mayordomo Patricia , Capilla Díez Marta , Ticona Espinoza Danay Areli , Torres Jaramillo María Verónica , Martínez Tejeda Nathalie , Ticona Espinoza Thalia Gloria , Colmenero Calleja Cristina , Fraile Gutiérrez Virginia
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and target organ damage. Pregnancy is associated with several forms of TMA, including preeclampsia (PE), HELLP syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). When HUS is secondary to a deregulation of the alternative complement pathway, it is known as atypical HUS (aHUS). Differential diagnosis is challenging, as these forms share clinical characteristics. However, early diagnosis is crucial for a specific treatment to be established and improve prognosis.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 43 year-old primiparous woman admitted to hospital for an urgent C-section at 33 gestational weeks due to a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia and fetal distress. In the immediate postpartum, the patient developed acute liver failure and anuric renal failure in the context of the HELLP syndrome, anemia, thrombocytopenia, arterial hypertension (HTN) and neurological deficit. TMA study and differential diagnosis confirmed pregnancy-associated aHUS. Treatment with eculizumab was initiated, with good response and progressive improvement of clinical and analytical parameters.

Conclusions

aHUS is a rare multifactorial disease that used to be associated with high mortality rates before the advent of eculizumab. Due to challenging diagnosis, the clinical laboratory plays a major role in the differential diagnosis and management of the disease.
Introduction: Disturbing the Sedimentations of Nineteenth-Century Environments
Authors: John Stefanie , Leetsch Jennifer
Published: April 2024

This research cluster offers four original case studies in Victorian and neo-Victorian ecocriticism. Clustered around the key concepts of form, materiality, and politics, its articles build on recent efforts by Victorianists to analyse interconnections of nature, agriculture, industry, and empire in the nineteenth-century literary imagination. The introduction first relates the cluster’s concerns to the latest scholarship in Victorian ecocriticism, and then turns to the aims and thematic focal points of the four contributions. The articles by Julia Ditter, Felipe Espinoza Garrido, Katharina Kalthoff, and Marlena Tronicke foreground the ecological project at the heart of a variety of fictional and nonfictional genres: the sensational novel, travel and nature writing, fantasy, and neo-Victorian gothic fiction. Ditter examines industrial travel narratives in the periodical press; Espinoza Garrido investigates the eco-colonial aesthetics of Florence Marryat’s sensation fiction; Kalthoff provides an ecofeminist reading of H. G. Wells’s mermaid tale The Sea Lady; and Tronicke examines material embodiments of the Irish Famine in the work of Paul Lynch. Together, these contributions offer fresh perspectives on the emerging field of Victorian ecocriticism and embrace the interdisciplinary dialogues facilitated by the environmental humanities for the study of nineteenthcentury literature and culture.
“Thy function was to heal and to restore”: The Sounds and Rhythms of the River Ecosystem in William Wordsworth’s The River Duddon Sonnets
Authors: Reimann Marvin
Published: April 2024

The writings of William Wordsworth evince a deeply ecological consciousness, a firm belief in the underlying connectedness of all living and non-living entities accounting for their continued existence. Such a consciousness becomes particularly evident in The River Duddon, A Series of Sonnets from 1820 as the poetic account of the river’s flow from its source in the mountains to its estuary between Morecambe Bay and the North Lonsdale coast. For not only does it constitute a core element of the Lake District, which Wordsworth deemed the best example of a region of eco-friendly and hence socially unified communities; it is also depicted, as will be elaborated in this paper, as an ecosystem consisting in a complex web of symbiotic interactions between the fluvial, vegetal, animal and human.Instead of focusing on verbal representations of such more-than-human interrelations through semiotic processes that appropriate their otherness and render them intelligible in solely human terms, however, this paper argues that Wordsworth’s “speaking monument” (Wordsworth 1954: 247, iii, l. 3) rather enacts these ecosystemic interactions on a vocal, aural, and rhythmical level. It thereby foregrounds the materiality and corporeality of poetic speech that precedes as well as grounds meaning and so connects the human to the river ecosystem in a pre-reflexive and somatic way. In this context, it will be pointed out how not only the speaker and other human characters participate in the Duddon’s web of reciprocal relations through rhythmical synchronisation and sonic attunement, but also how the reader becomes an active part in them through their vocal performance of the sonnets. The river’s autopoietic structure illustrated through the metaphor of the hydrological cycle, it will thus be shown, is thereby continued through the sonnet cycle as a direct organic product and hence integral component of the ecosystem that, by repeatedly giving rise to various idiosyncratic readings, will poetically contribute to the Duddon’s continued existence.
Blurring Reality and Blurring Gender: Fashion and Attire in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando
Authors: García-Madrid Alberto García
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to investigate the interplay between narrative style, gender and fashion within Woolf’s Orlando. This study delves into how Woolf’s use of a biographical narrative approach in a fantasy novel facilitates the exploration of gender stereotypes and their subsequent blurring. In this regard, through a meticulous analysis of Orlando, Woolf ingeniously employs the biographical style to transcend traditional literary boundaries. This stylistic choice allows for a deliberate blurring of reality and fantasy, prompting a transformative narrative experience. Within this narrative framework, the significance of fashion and attire emerges as essential tools for challenging conventional gender norms: clothing serves as a powerful vehicle for destabilising preconceived notions of gender. By situating Orlando’s fluid identity and evolving gender presentation within the context of clothing choices, the novel portrays the malleability of gender constructs. The blurring of genders is skilfully intertwined with the blurring of reality, forging a narrative tapestry that offers profound insights into societal perceptions of identity. In conclusion, this paper illuminates how Woolf’s novel enables a thoughtprovoking exploration of gender stereotypes, ultimately advocating for a more inclusive and fluid understanding of identity through the lens of fashion and attire.
Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue in grazing cattle: Identifying key regulators of fat metabolism
Authors: Qin Xia , He Xige , Chen Lu , Han Yunfei , Yun Yueying , Wu Jindi , Sha Lina , Borjigin Gerelt
Published: April 2024

The taste and tenderness of meat are the main determinants of carcass quality in many countries. This study aimed to discuss the mechanisms of intramuscular fat deposition in grazing and house-breeding cattle. We performed transcriptome analysis to characterize messenger RNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles. A total of 456 and 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the adipose tissue of grazing and house-breeding cattle. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified the association of DEGs with fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signaling pathway, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and the association of DE miRNAs with mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Apolipoprotein L domain containing 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, and sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 genes may be the key regulators of fat metabolism in grazing cattle. Finally, we found that miR-211 and miR-331-5p were negatively correlated with the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6), and miR-331-5p might be the new regulator involved in fat metabolism. The results indicated that ELOVL6 participated in various functions and pathways related to fat metabolism. Meanwhile, miR-331-5p, as a new regulator, might play an essential role in this process. Our findings laid a more in-depth and systematic research foundation for the formation mechanism and characteristics of adipose tissue in grazing cattle.
Эмоциональные междометия и звукоподражательные слова в художественной литературе
Authors: Шаронов (Igor Alexeyevich Sharonov) Игорь Алексеевич
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме интерпретации эмоциональных междометий и звукоподражательных слов в текстах художественной литературы. Значение эмоциональных междометий традиционно считается диффузным ввиду отсутствия соответствия между вокальными жестами (непроизвольными эмоциональными выкриками человека) и их звукоподражательными языковыми презентациями (эмоциональными междометиями). В статье предлагается классификация звукоподражательных слов на основе связи звучания с его источником, рассматривается место междометий в данной классификации. Обращается внимание на относительную точность передачи эмоционального состояния субъекта вокальными жестами и на отсутствие такой точности у междометий, несмотря на попытки поэтов связать междометия с той или иной конкретной эмоцией. Указывается, что одна из причин слабой связанности междометий с конкретными эмоциями заключается в перекрестном соотношении вокальных жестов и междометий. Одному вокальному жесту могут соответствовать в письменном тексте несколько разных междометий и наоборот – одно междометие может передавать несколько разных вокальных жестов. Рассматриваются приемы и средства, способствующие однозначной интерпретации междометия в контексте, и случаи, когда такой помощи в тексте нет. Указывается, что в таких случаях читатель должен ориентироваться на свой опыт и знание вокальных жестов.
CFD simulation analysis optimization and experimental verification of heat dissipation problem of electric vehicle motor controller
Authors: Yang Ming’e , Cheng Mei , Xiong Yinhua , Cheng Bojing
Published: April 2024

Pollution and energy crisis are two major challenges facing society today, and electric vehicles are regarded as an effective way to solve these problems. Solving the heat dissipation problem of the motor controller can effectively solve the problem of small motion range of electric vehicles, which is an effective attempt for new energy vehicles. Optimizing the heat dissipation structure of the power system can improve the efficiency of electric vehicles, save energy, and truly achieve optimal energy management. Therefore, the establishment of a reasonable and complete power system cooling system is of great significance for improving the overall performance of the vehicle. This article aimed to explore the heat dissipation problem of electric vehicle motor controllers. This article proposed that the motor can be divided into DC and AC based on the power supply. The DC motor has the characteristics of complex structure, cumbersome production process, easy to wear during use, and troublesome repairs in the later period. Through CFD simulation analysis, the experimental temperature of 1.5 kw natural convection is 62.35 °C, the simulation temperature is 64.05 °C; the experimental temperature of 1.1 kw natural convection is 50.45 °C, and the simulation temperature is 66.67 °C.
Optimization of physico-mechanical and erosive wear properties of single/multilayer – coated granite filled aluminum alloy composites
Authors: Gautam Vikash , Patnaik Amar , Bhat Inder K. , Kukshal Vikas , Pawar Manoj J. , Kumar Ashiwani
Published: April 2024

In the present research, uncoated and coated (CrN/SiN–CrN) granite dust reinforced aluminum alloy (AA 1050, AA 5083) composites samples were fabricated using stir casting and their physical, mechanical and slurry erosion behavior were assessed. The study reveal a persistent increase in void content, hardness, impact strength and stress intensity factor for both uncoated and coated alloy with the inclusion of reinforcement. In contrast, flexural strength and corrosion rate decrease continuously with increased granite content and also with the corresponding coating. Multilayer coated 5083 aluminum alloy composite with 6 wt.% granite particle shows maximum hardness, impact strength and stress intensity factor and minimum slurry erosion rate. The entropy method was applied to the operating parameter to rank the fabricated composites. The performance of each operating parameter is determined using the VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje) optimization method. The optimal formulation based on Performance-Defining Attributes (PDAs) is observed for multilayer-coated 6 wt.% granite particulate reinforced 5083 aluminum alloy composites.
She is “just an intern”: transnational Chinese language teachers’ emotion labor with mentors in a teacher residency program
Authors: Zang Luqing , Lee Vashti Wai Yu , De Costa Peter I.
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the emotion labor experienced by transnational world language teachers (TWLTs), with a focus on Chinese language teacher candidates in a US dual immersion school residency program. Despite existing research on emotion labor in language teaching, the experiences of Chinese TWLTs have been underexplored. Through an analysis of mentorship and co-teaching, our findings reveal that much of the emotion labor among our participants stems from hierarchical mentorship structures influenced by Confucian ideologies. This hierarchical system constrains pedagogical autonomy, hindering TWLTs from fully embodying their transnational teacher identities. Consequently, the lack of power negotiation exacerbates the issue, leading to internalization of emotion labor and reduced teaching agency. We conclude by offering recommendations for future research on TWLTs’ emotions and advocating for a renewed emphasis on their mentoring experiences during teacher preparation programs.
A preclinical study to determine the anti-epileptic effect of biotin on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models in albino rats
Authors: Vashishtha Vrinda , Parida Amrita , Amberkar Mohan Babu , Rao K.G. Mohandas , Y. Geethika , Roy Arpita
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Vitamin B7(biotin) is not synthesized in our body and is retrieved from some food products like eggs, liver, pork and leafy vegetables and as well as microbes of gut. Deficiency of biotin majorly leads to loss of hair, rashes over skin, lethargy and seizures. It is noted that biotin is an anti-oxidant and negates free radical effects. Biotin is also involved in carbon dioxide metabolism and it might alter seizure threshold. Studies also suggest its effect on lipid metabolism as well. So, the primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of biotin in maximal electric shock (MES) induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced absence seizures. The secondary objective is to study the effect of combined treatment of biotin and sodium valproate on seizures as well as plasma lipid profile in rats.

Methods

In our study 30 albino Wistar rats each were used in MES and PTZ model respectively. 30 rats were divided equally into following groups: I – distilled water (negative control) II – distilled water (positive control) III – sodium valproate (300 mg/kg) IV – biotin (10 mg/kg/day) V – biotin (10 mg/kg) + sodium valproate (150 mg/kg).

Results

We observed that the tonic hind limb extension was significantly reduced in the treatment group in MES model. Nitric oxide levels were also seen raised in combination group in MES model and all the treated groups in PTZ model. Biotin treated group showed increased high-density lipoproteins and reduced low density lipoproteins and triglycerides.

Conclusions

Biotin had an additive effect to sodium valproate in both the models of epilepsy in rats. Further, it was also able to counteract hyperlipidemia cause by sodium valproate.
A novel useful marker in the early discrimination of transient hyperthyrotropinemia/hypothyroxinemia and congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants: thyroid-stimulating hormone/free thyroxine ratio
Authors: Cakir Ufuk , Tayman Cuneyt
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Transient hyperthyrotropinemia/transient hypothyroxinaemia and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) have completely different treatment and clinical outcomes. However, a powerful, highly sensitive and cost-effective marker for the differentiation of these clinical entities in the early postnatal period is not available. Therefore, we aimed to test the potential, early predictive, diagnostic power of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/free thyroxine (fT4) ratio for differentiation of the two clinical entities in the early period of life.

Methods

TSH and fT4 levels were recorded on the postnatal day 7 of premature infants<32 weeks of gestational age. TSH/fT4 ratio was calculated. The significance degree of TSH/fT4 ratio was analyzed for the differentiation of transient hyperthyrotropinemia or transient hypothyroxinaemia and CH.

Results

The study included 1,204 preterm infants<32 weeks of gestational age. Of the 1,204 infants, 978 (81.2 %) had normal thyroid function. Eighty-eight infants (7.3 %) were diagnosed with CH and 138 (11.5 %) with transient hyperthyrotropinemia or transient hypothyroxinemia. Initial TSH/fT4 ratio>4.8 was found to be an early diagnostic warning sign with high power in favor of transient hyperthyrotropinemia or transient hypothyroxinemia (AUC value: 0.947) and TSH/fT4 ratio>12.5 (AUC value: 0.999) was found to be an early diagnostic warning sign with high power in favor of CH (p=0.0001).

Conclusions

We found for the first time that the TSH/fT4 ratio can be used for the early differentiation of transient hyperthyrotropinemia/transient hypothyroxinaemia and CH in preterm infants without additional cost and with high power.
Trends in antenatal corticosteroid administration: did our timing improve?
Authors: Rostin Paul , Verlohren Stefan , Henrich Wolfgang , Braun Thorsten
Published: April 2024

Objectives

We aimed to analyze trends in the rate of effective antenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis (ACS) administrations across a spectrum of typical diagnoses associated with preterm birth.

Methods

In this retrospective study we utilized delivery data after ACS from 2014 to 2020 at Charité Berlin, Germany. We evaluated the rate of effective ACS administrations defined as ≤10 days between last dose of ACS and delivery as well as the rate of post-ACS births on/after 37 + 0 weeks. We explored conditions associated with high rates of ineffective ACS administrations (>10 days before delivery). We analyzed the trend of ACS-effectiveness during the study period in the overall cohort and in placental dysfunction and cervical insufficiency diagnoses.

Results

The overall rate of effective ACS administrations was 42 % (709/1,672). The overall percentage of deliveries after/at 37 + 0 weeks following ACS administration was 19 % (343). Placenta previa, twin pregnancy and isthmocervical insufficiency were associated with ineffective ACS (19–34 % effective i.e. ≤10 days before delivery). The overall ratio of effective ACS applications rose over time (p=0.002). Over the course of this study ACS effectiveness increased in placental dysfunction and isthmocervical insufficiency diagnoses (p=0.028; p=0.001).

Conclusions

Compared to a previous publication we found a decrease of post-ACS deliveries after/at 37 + 0 weeks (19 vs. 27 %). Ineffective ACS administrations are still frequent in patients with placenta previa, twin pregnancy and isthmocervical insufficiency. It remains to be investigated in future trials if the introduction of new diagnostic tools such as soluble Fms-like tyrosinkinase-1/placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) testing and placental alpha-microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1) testing directly led to an increased ACS effectiveness.
The Experience of Wrote “Analogy” [Metaphor] in Jiang Run’s Novel “Wolf Totem”
Authors: Gansukh Narantungalag , Yue Jiu
Published: April 2024

In this article, the descriptive thinking of a famous Chinese author’s novel is discussed using a metaphorical example. Any metaphor is contained mentality of national culture. Metaphors are important in Chinese cognitive thinking. But it is an important question how that methapor fits into the mentality of the other nation. In particular, the two ethnic groups, Mongolian and Chinese, have lived in neighboring countries, but they have not always known each other properly. This interesting issue is discussed in this article. From this point of view, this article is aimed at solving specific problems of communication in China-Mongolian literature. This article does not violate copyright. Because this article is being published for the first time.
An innovative method using data acquisition and MATLAB for the electrochemical oxidation of formalin and the conversion of the oxidized products into a sound signal
Authors: Duraikannu Gajalakshmi
Published: April 2024

Aim: Herein, the oxidation of chemical compounds as sound signals, prepared either by chemical, physical, mechanical, biological methods were reported. Objectives: To fabricate the synthesized material for example, nanoparticle, ceramic, electro catalyst as electrode, by mixing the synthesized material with a suitable binder or they may be mixed with a solvent to function as an electrolyte. In this case, 40 % formalin as electrolyte, platinum and calomel electrode as positive and negative electrodes respectively have been used to formulate an electrochemical cell. Methodology: This cell is connected with the sound card to process the sound signals and analyzed using Sig view software. The sound signals after noise deduction were further processed using MATLAB to get information about the signals. Results: For example, Frequency, Amplitude, etc. of those cells can be obtained. The FFT spectrum obtained by this method correlates well with the FTIR spectrum of formalin. Any Conductive chemical oxidation could be processed in this way and their chemical information could be digitized and saved in cloud.
Enhanced susceptibility of high-strength fastener nuts to hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking
Authors: Hoche H. , Brilz M. , Oechsner M.
Published: April 2024

High-strength HV-fastener sets of dimensions M48 and M64 with property class 10.9 were employed in offshore wind turbine frameworks. The M64 were used in coupling flanges within monopiles. The M48 were employed in another offshore wind farm and encountered natural weathering. In both installations, time-delayed fractures of the nuts were observed. Owing to the presence of macroscopically visible corrosion products, hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking (Hi-SCC) was established as the probable cause of failure. However, a nut fracture in a properly pre-tensioned bolt assembly is atypical since the stresses in the bolt threads are higher than those in the nuts. Based on the Hi-SCC theory, the fracture should occur at the most stressed component, which is the bolt.

During the root cause analysis, extensive examinations were conducted to determine the cause of the nut fractures. The focus was on investigating whether the nut material was more prone to Hi-SCC than the bolt material. The examination program included scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis of the fracture surfaces, optical microscopy of microspecimens, mechanical tests, and stress rupture tests of hydrogen-charged specimens. While the results suggest that the tested nuts comply with the requirements of the applicable standards regarding material properties, they also reveal that the nut material is, despite its lower tensile strength, significantly more susceptible to Hi-SCC than the bolt material. Therefore, a direct relationship between material susceptibility to Hi-SCC and the tensile strength, as standards and guidelines imply, is not given.
The effect of clay modification on the structure, dielectric behaviour and mechanical properties of PVDF/PMMA/CTAMag polymer nanocomposites as potential flexible performance materials
Authors: Mrah Lahouari , Khiati Zoulikha
Published: April 2024

In this approach, nanocomposites of PVDF/PMMA/CTAMag films have been successfully synthesized. Modified Maghnite was used as inorganic reinforcement. In this study, nanocomposite polymers were developed based on a mixed matrix of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of composition (80/20 w/w) in dispersion containing 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt % fillers of organomodified montmorillonite nanoclay (CTAMag) in the melt state. The results obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD traces and FTIR spectra highlighted the homogeneous flexible character of the PVDF/PMMA/CTAMag films and their intercalated and intercalated/exfoliated surface morphology, in addition to the presence of PVDF α, β and γ phase crystallites in these complex films. The increased presence of the modified clay in the host matrix of the PVDF/PMMA blend significantly influenced the melting temperature and the degree of crystallinity of the PVDF crystallites. The scattering of the dielectric spectra, which covers a wide range of frequencies from 20 Hz to 1 GHz, indicates the presence of the phenomenon of interfacial polarization associated with the dielectric capacitance complex at lower frequencies in these composites at 27 °C. The mechanical properties of these composites were evaluated as a function of the load and the mixed matrix of these composites.
Preparation and characterization of titanium gypsum artificial aggregate
Authors: Guo Lixia , Wang Hao , Zhong Ling , Zhang Jianwei , Lu Linfang
Published: April 2024

In this study, solid waste titanium gypsum (TG) was used as raw material to design the basic mix ratio of aggregate, and TG artificial aggregate (TGA) was prepared based on alkali-activated cold bonding technology. The effects of different additives (slag, silica fume, and fly ash) on the properties of TGA were preliminarily investigated by using NaOH as activator in laboratory test, and the additives of TG aggregate were determined. Furthermore, the aggregate mix ratio was designed based on the additive, and the physical and mechanical properties, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and dry–wet cycle test of artificial aggregate were carried out. The results show that the artificial aggregate prepared by the same process and the aggregate prepared by silica fume as an additive has a high balling rate; it is technically feasible to use TG as the main raw material, silica fume as an additive, and NaOH as an activator to select a suitable mix ratio to prepare artificial aggregates. The microscopic test results reveal the internal products and structural degradation process of TG aggregate.
Der Rechtsbegriff des lebenden Rechts
Authors: Seinecke Ralf
Published: April 2024

Eugen Ehrlichs „lebendes Recht“ zählt zu den Schlüsselbegriffen rechtssoziologischer oder rechtsanthropologischer Forschung. Als Chiffre für nicht-staatliches Recht hat der Begriff auch in den rechtsvergleichenden, transnationalen oder völkerrechtlichen Rechtswissenschaften eine steile internationale Karriere hingelegt. Demgegenüber werden Ehrlichs Ausführungen zur Unterscheidung von rechtlichen und gesellschaftlichen Normen oft als „Gefühlstheorie“ des Rechts abgetan. Am Rechtsbegriff scheint Ehrlich gescheitert zu sein. Dabei formuliert das „lebende Recht“ selbst einen gesellschaftlichen Rechtsbegriff. Diesem und seinen Schwierigkeiten widmet sich dieser Beitrag.
Maximizing biogas production from leftover injera: influence of yeast addition to anaerobic digestion system
Authors: Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu , Sundaram Saravanan , Goel Mukesh , Mohamed Baseer Aynul Rifaya , Wilson Vincent Herald , Jose Swaminathan , Chinnasamy Gomadurai , Manoharan Subramanian
Published: April 2024

Injera is a staple food in Ethiopian dine. This study aimed to investigate on leftover injera (LI) for producing biogas via anaerobic digestion (AD), while leftover injera is full of easily biodegradable components. Aiming to examine the impact of yeast addition on biogas production efficiency, it was found that the addition of 2 % volatile solids (VS) of stimulated yeast, daily biogas output increased by 520 and 550 ml after 12 and 37 days of anaerobic digestion, respectively, with rather steady biogas production. The rate at which gas production increased was drastically cut in half when yeast was left out of the control group. Biogas production increased by only 60 ml despite the addition of two portions of substrate and yeast. Biogas output in the yeast group after fermentation was also up 33.2 % compared to the control group. The yeast group’s anaerobic digesting system was more stable, as determined by the study of markers including volatile organic acids, alkalinity, and propionic acid. The findings can be used as a benchmark for future trials aiming to industrialise continuous anaerobic digestion, allowing for more flexible response to feed as waste LI as organic load.