bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination, residue analysis and risk assessment of thiacloprid and spirotetramat in cowpeas under field conditions
Authors: Li Kailong , Chen Wuying , Xiang Wei , Chen Tongqiang , Zhang Min , Ning Ying , Liu Yong , Chen Ang
Published: March 2022

The dissipation and residue levels of thiacloprid, spirotetramat and its four metabolites residues in cowpeas were investigated under field conditions. The QuEChERS technique with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) was used to detect thiacloprid, spirotetramat and its four metabolites residues content in cowpeas. The recoveries were 81.3–95.1% at a spike level of 0.005–0.5 mg/kg, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.1–9.5%. The dissipation kinetics data showed that thiacloprid and spirotetramat in cowpeas were degraded with the half-lives of 1.14–1.54 days and 1.25–2.79 days. The terminal residues of thiacloprid and spirotetramat were 0.0255–0.4570 mg kg−1 and 0.0314–0.3070 mg kg−1 after application 2 times with a pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 3 days under the designed dosages. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment risk quotient (RQ) values of thiacloprid in cowpeas for different consumers were 2.44–4.41% and 8.72–15.78%, respectively, and those of spirotetramat were 1.03–1.87% and 0.18–0.32%, respectively, all of the RQ values were lower than 100%. The dietary risk of thiacloprid through cowpeas to consumers was higher than spirotetramat. The results from this study are important reference for Chinese governments to develop criteria for the safe and rational use of thiacloprid and spirotetramat, setting maximum residue levels (MRLs), monitoring the quality safety of agricultural products and protecting consumer health.
Molecular phylogenetic and morphometric analysis of population structure and demography of endangered threadfin fish Eleutheronema from Indo-Pacific waters
Authors: Xiao Jie , Lyu Shaoliang , Iqbal Teuku H. , Hajisamae Sukree , Tsim Karl W. K. , Wang Wen-Xiong
Published: March 2022

The threadfin Eleutheronema are the important fishery resources in Indo-Pacific regions and classified as the endangered species with considerable conservation values. Their genetic diversity and population structure remain essentially unknown but are critical for the proper management and sustainable harvests of such important fisheries. Here, the mitochondrial DNA sequences of CO1 and 16s rRNA were determined from 75 individuals of Eleutheronema tetradactylum and 89 individuals of Eleutheronema rhadinum collected from different locations of South China Sea and Thailand coastal waters. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that both E. tetradactylum (Haplotype diversity, H = 0.105–0.211; Nucleotide diversity, π = 0.00017–0.00043) and E. rhadinum (H = 0.074–0.663, π = 0.00013–0.01088) had low diversity. Population structure analysis demonstrated the shallow genetic differentiation among the South China Sea populations. The limited communication between China and Thailand populations caused the high genetic differentiation in all groups due to the low dispersal ability. Reconstruction of CO1 phylogenetic relationships and demographic studies across Indo-West-Pacific regions provided strong evidence for a shared common origin or ancestor of E. tetradactylum and E. rhadinum. Eleutheronema rhadinum were further subdivided into two distinct genetic lineages, with Clade A dominantly distributing in Thailand and Malaysia and Clade B distributing in China coastal waters. Phenotypic divergence, characterized mainly by the depth of caudal peduncle and length of caudal peduncle, was also observed for all populations, which was possibly associated with specific local adaptations to environmental changes. Our study suggested a strong need for the development of proper fishery management strategies and conservation actions for the imperiled Eleutheronema species.
3D quasi-skyrmions in thick cylindrical and dome-shape soft nanodots
Authors: Berganza Eider , Fernandez-Roldan Jose Angel , Jaafar Miriam , Asenjo Agustina , Guslienko Konstantin , Chubykalo-Fesenko Oksana
Published: March 2022

Magnetic skyrmions are widely attracting researchers due to fascinating physics and novel applications related to their non-trivial topology. Néel skyrmions have been extensively investigated in magnetic systems with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and/or perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Here, by means of micromagnetic simulations and analytical calculations, we show that 3D quasi-skyrmions of Néel type, with topological charge close to 1, can exist as metastable states in soft magnetic nanostructures with no DMI, such as in Permalloy thick cylindrical and dome-shaped nanodots. The key factor responsible for the stabilization of DMI-free is the interplay of the exchange and magnetostatic energies in the nanodots. The range of geometrical parameters where the skyrmions are found is wider in magnetic dome-shape nanodots than in their cylindrical counterparts. Our results open the door for a new research line related to the nucleation and stabilization of magnetic skyrmions in a broad class of nanostructured soft magnetic materials.
Development of a one-step analysis method for several amino acids using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device
Authors: Kugimiya Akimitsu , Wakimoto Sho , Kohda Jiro , Nakano Yasuhisa , Takano Yu
Published: March 2022

A one-step analysis method was developed for four types of amino acids using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device fabricated from chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase was used to detect each amino acid. The obtained laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) contained four enzymatic reaction areas. Colorimetric detection was performed based on the molybdenum blue reaction. A model method for the simple, easy, and simultaneous detection of several amino acid concentrations was suggested, in contrast to the conventional methods such as HPLC or LC–MS. The method provided a selective quantification at the ranges of 3.6–100 μM for tryptophan, 10.1–100 μM for glycine, 5.9–100 μM for histidine and 5.6–100 μM for lysine with a detection limit of 1.1 μM, 3.3 μM, 1.9 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively. LPAD fabrication was considerably simple, and the subsequent detection process was easy and required a short period of time (within 15 min).
Enhanced colloidal transport in twisted magnetic patterns
Authors: Stuhlmüller Nico C. X. , Fischer Thomas M. , de las Heras Daniel
Published: March 2022

Bilayers of two-dimensional materials twisted at specific angles can exhibit exceptional properties such as the occurrence of unconventional superconductivity in twisted graphene. We demonstrate here that novel phenomena in twisted materials emerges also in particle-based classical systems. We study the transport of magnetic colloidal particles driven by a drift force and located between two twisted periodic magnetic patterns with either hexagonal or square symmetry. The magnetic potential generated by patterns twisted at specific magic angles develops flat channels, which increase the mobility of the colloidal particles compared to that in single patterns. We characterize the effect of the temperature and that of the magnitude of the drift force on the colloidal mobility. The transport is more enhanced in square than in hexagonal twisted patterns. Our work extends twistronics to classical soft matter systems with potential applications to lab-on-a-chip devices.
Detection of serum EphA2-EVs for pancreatic cancer diagnosis by light initiated chemiluminescent assay
Authors: Li Wenhan , Yang Xiaojun , Bai Tingting , Xu Junwen , Qian Zhuyin , Li Yawen , Guo Zhirui , Zhu Yefei
Published: March 2022

A washing-free strategy for pancreatic cancer screening by directly probing EphA2 extracellular vesicles in serum based on light-initiated chemiluminescent assay.
A Lupinus angustifolius protein hydrolysate exerts hypocholesterolemic effects in Western diet-fed ApoE−/− mice through the modulation of LDLR and PCSK9 pathways
Authors: Santos-Sánchez Guillermo , Cruz-Chamorro Ivan , Bollati Carlotta , Bartolomei Martina , Pedroche Justo , Millán Francisco , Millán-Linares María del Carmen , Capriotti Anna Laura , Cerrato Andrea , Laganà Aldo , Arnoldi Anna , Carrillo-Vico Antonio , Lammi Carmen
Published: March 2022

Lupin protein hydrolysates (LPHs) are gaining attention in the food and nutraceutical industries due to their several beneficial health effects.
Elucidating the effect of intrinsic defects on the dosimetric properties of the MgB4O7compound: an atomistic simulation approach
Authors: Contassot Raíssa , Batista João , Otsuka André , Souza Antônio , Ferraz Edward , Souza Adelmo S. , Santos Jorge L. O. , Coelho Vinicius , Lima Heveson
Published: March 2022

We have elucidated the origin of natural defects on MgB4O7and associated them with dosimetric characteristics.
Antimicrobial peptide GL13K immobilized onto SLA-treated titanium by silanization: antibacterial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Li Yusang , Chen Ruiying , Wang Fushi , Cai Xinjie , Wang Yining
Published: March 2022

Herein, an antimicrobial peptide coating was fabricated on SLA-treated titanium surface. The coating has shown significant antibacterial effect against MRSA with no cytotoxicity against osteoblast.
Ultrasensitive flower-like TiO2/Ag substrate for SERS detection of pigments and melamine
Authors: Yang Weiye , Ou Quanhong , Li Chenyan , Cheng Mingming , Li Weijun , Liu Yingkai
Published: March 2022

A newly TiO2/Ag flower like nanomaterials (FLNMs) are fabricated via a hydrothermal method and electron beam evaporation.Pigments and melamine are selected to investigate its SERS performance. The results demonstrate ultrasensitivity and high reproducibility.
Progress in perylene diimides for organic solar cell applications
Authors: Cao Jin , Yang Shaopeng
Published: March 2022

This paper summarizes the application of PDI molecules in organic solar cells in recent years, detailing the strategies and approaches of molecular design and their application effects.
Two-step formulation of magnetic nanoprobes for microRNA capture
Authors: Vilímová Iveta , Chourpa Igor , David Stéphanie , Soucé Martin , Hervé-Aubert Katel
Published: March 2022

Two-step formulation of magnetic nanoprobes for microRNA capture.
Synthesis of meso-porous α-Ga2O3 from liquid Ga metal having significantly high photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction with water
Authors: Aoki Tomomi , Ichikawa Kyoshiro , Sonoda Kenta , Yamamoto Muneaki , Tanabe Tetsuo , Yoshida Tomoko
Published: March 2022

Meso-porous α-Ga2O3 showing quite high photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction with water is successfully synthesized from liquid Ga metal.
Ni3FeN functionalized carbon nanofibers boosting polysulfide conversion for Li–S chemistry
Authors: Xu Lufu , Li Huani , Zhao Genfu , Sun Yongjiang , Wang Han , Guo Hong
Published: March 2022

Limiting the shuttle effect of polysulfides is an important means to realizing high energy density lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S).
Dual-metal atom incorporated N-doped graphenes as oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts: high activities achieved by site synergies
Authors: Zhang Cunjin , Qin Shuaibo , Li Bo , Jin Peng
Published: March 2022

Dual-metal electrocatalysts could exhibit very high catalytic activities for the oxygen evolution reaction due to the different types of site synergies.
Reversal of handedness of ionic liquid-based chiral block copolymers via self-assembly in solution and bulk phase
Authors: Puneet Puhup , Kumar Labeesh , Singh Sajan , Horechyy Andriy , Srivastava Rajiv K. , Nandan Bhanu
Published: March 2022

Polymerized ionic liquid-based block copolymer obtained by the functionalization of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) with chiral auxiliaries demonstrated self-assembled helical nanofibrils with inversion of helical sense.
KPb3(o-C5H4NCOO)2Cl5: a brand-new stable lead chloride with good comprehensive nonlinear optical performance
Authors: Bao Wen-Xiu , Zhou Zi-Qi , Tang Hong-Xin , Fu Rui-Biao , Ma Zu-Ju , Wu Xin-Tao
Published: March 2022

KPb3(o-C5H4NCOO)2Cl5 featuring a π-conjugated nicotinate group is simultaneously connected by a [PbO2Cl] trigonal pyramid and a distorted [PbNCl3] polyhedron into an ordered arrangement, exhibits good comprehensive NLO performance.
Cp*Rh(iii)-catalyzed and solvent-controlled tunable [4 + 1]/[4 + 3] annulation for the divergent assembly of dihydrobenzo[cd]indoles and dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]azepines
Authors: Zhang Zhuo-Zhuo , Li Ya , Shi Bing-Feng
Published: March 2022

A Cp*Rh-catalyzed solvent-switched tunable [4 + 1]/[4 + 3] cyclization of free 1-naphthylamines with propargyl carbonates is developed, providing dihydrobenzo[cd]indoles and dihydronaphtho[1,8-bc]azepines in moderate to good yields and broad range of functional groups.
Alkyl substituent-dependent systematic change in cold crystallization of azo molecules
Authors: Honda Akinori , Hibi Yukie , Matsumoto Kazuma , Kawai Masato , Miyamura Kazuo
Published: March 2022

The change in alkyl substitution position and alkyl chain length of azo molecules led to the variation in cold crystallization behavior.
Retraction: Trop2 promotes proliferation, invasion and EMT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Cheng Nan , Li Haixia , Luo Junpeng
Published: March 2022

Retraction of ‘Trop2 promotes proliferation, invasion and EMT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the NF-κB pathway’ by Nan Cheng et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 53087–53096, DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09915k.
Preparation and characterisation of graphene oxide containing block copolymer worm gels
Authors: Yue Qi , Wen Shang-Pin , Fielding Lee A.
Published: March 2022

Graphene oxide reinforced temperature-responsive nanocomposite ‘worm-gels’ can readily be prepared utilising block copolymer worm-to-sphere-to-worm morphological transitions.
A novel multi-dimensional structure of graphene-decorated composite foam for excellent stealth performance in microwave and infrared frequency bands
Authors: Shi Yunan , Ding Xinyun , Pan Kaichao , Gao Zhihan , Du Jiang , Qiu Jun
Published: March 2022

A novel graphene-decorated composite foam with a unique multi-dimensional structure has been fabricated for achieving broadband microwave-infrared compatible stealth performance.
Cubosomes as an emerging platform for drug delivery: a review of the state of the art
Authors: Abourehab Mohammed A.S. , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Singh Anshul , Hassan Ahmed , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Shrivastav Prachi , Abualsoud Bassam M. , Amaral Larissa Souza , Pramanik Sheersha
Published: March 2022

Cubosomes, derived from LLCs, are self-assembled cubic-phase bicontinuous crystalline nanoparticulate colloidal dispersions. This review sheds light on different aspects of cubosomes, particularly on the prospective drug delivery routes.
A pH-responsive hyaluronic acid hydrogel for regulating the inflammation and remodeling of the ECM in diabetic wounds
Authors: Jia Yile , Zhang Xianhui , Yang Weihu , Lin Chuanchuan , Tao Bailong , Deng Zhiwen , Gao Pengfei , Yang Yulu , Cai Kaiyong
Published: March 2022

A “Double H-bonds” crosslinked hyaluronic acid–collagen hydrogel can effectively reduce inflammation and promote collagen deposition at wound sites, thus promoting wound closure in diabetic mice.
Intermolecular hydrogen bonds induce restriction of access to the dark state for triggering aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Wang Longjie , Qin Yu , Cheng Yi , Fan Wenwen , Yang Shaoxiong , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue
Published: March 2022

Since the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was proposed, along with the development of new AIE molecules and broadening of its application field, the exploration of its mechanism has attracted more and more attention.
A localized high concentration electrolyte for 4 V-class potassium metal batteries
Authors: Xu Wenxin , Wang Huwei , Gao Yueteng , Wei Yaojie , Zhang Haodong , Gao Chongwei , Kang Feiyu , Zhai Dengyun
Published: March 2022

A new localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) formulation enables improved oxidation stability (4.3 V), K anode passivation and Al anti-corrosion at the same time.
AI‐driven user aesthetics preference prediction for UI layouts via deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xing Baixi , Cao Hanfei , Shi Lei , Si Huahao , Zhao Lina
Published: March 2022

Leveraging the power of computational methods, AI can perform effective strategies in intelligent design. Researchers are pushing the boundaries of AI, developing computational systems to solve complex questions. The authors investigate the association of user preference for UI and deep image features, aiming to predict user preference level using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained on a UI design image dataset. A total of 12,186 UI design images were collected from UI.cn and DOOOOR.com. Users' views and likes can help understand the implicit user preference level, which is set as the ground‐truth annotation for the dataset. Six DCNNs, including VGG‐19, InceptionNet‐V3, MobileNet, EfficientNet, ResNet‐50 and NASNetLarge were trained to learn the user preference of UI images. The experiment achieves an optimal result with a mean‐squared error of 0.000214 and a mean absolute error of 0.0103 based on EfficientNet, which indicates that the proposed method provides the possibility in learning the pattern of user aesthetics preference for UI design. On the basis of the prediction model, a mobile application named ‘HotUI’ was developed for UI design recommendations.
LDPC decoding with locally informed dynamic scheduling based on the law of large numbers
Authors: Liang Shuo , Xie Suipeng , Liu Xingcheng , Wang Zhongfeng
Published: March 2022

The informed dynamic scheduling (IDS) strategies, in which the edge message with the maximum message‐residual is updated preferentially, achieve remarkable error‐correction performance when applied to low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) codes. However, the IDS strategies incur inferior convergence in iterative decoding owing to the greedy problem, which is called the update‐relayed trend here. In order to solve the greediness, two locally informed dynamic scheduling algorithms based on the law of large numbers are proposed. The proposed decoding algorithms use random select of check nodes over a predefined update range (RSPUR) which effectively suppresses the propagation of the update‐relayed trend and accordingly restrains the forming of multi‐update cycles. Moreover, the decoding algorithm is further improved based on random select of check nodes over an adjustable update range (RSCAR). The update ranges are selected based on the law of large numbers. Therefore, the computational resources can be allocated more equitably by increasing iterations. Simulation results show that both the proposed algorithms achieve excellent performance in terms of throughput and convergence with low decoding complexity over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and the fading channels compared to the previous IDS strategies. Hence, the proposed algorithms behave excellently over the wireless channels.
A new braking torque distribution strategy based on braking actuator characteristics and a command signal for a blended braking system
Authors: Li Wenfei , Li Huiyun , Huang Zhejun , Liu Jia , Dang Shaobo , Du Haiping
Published: March 2022

Braking torque distribution strategy is not only related to the tracking performance of the blended braking system in commanding the braking signal, but is also related to the energy utilization efficiency of the blended braking system. In this paper, a new braking torque distribution strategy is designed for a blended braking system consisting of a motor braking system and a friction braking system. In contrast to the classic braking torque distribution strategy, which adjusts the braking torque distribution ratio based on the braking strength, the newly designed braking torque distribution strategy adjusts the braking torque that is allocated to the motor braking system and friction braking system, according to the command braking torque signal, the braking actuators’ dynamic characteristics and the motor's electrical characteristics. In addition, a three‐layer controller is designed to ensure the execution of the proposed braking torque distribution strategy and the stability of the blended braking system. Compared to the classic distribution strategy, based on braking strength, numerical simulation results show that the braking energy recovery of the blended braking system has been improved by 16% in normal braking conditions and has been improved by 84% in emergency braking conditions under the new braking torque distribution strategy.
A quantitative harmonics analysis approach for sinusoidal pulse‐width‐modulation based Z‐source inverters
Authors: Xu Wenzheng , Chan Chi Ho , Chan Ka Wing , Or Siu Wing , Ho Siu Lau , Liu Ming
Published: March 2022

The shoot‐through (ST) states are essential for the operation of sinusoidal pulse‐width‐modulation (SPWM) based Z‐source inverters. However, the insertion of shoot‐through state unavoidably leads to output harmonics which is greatly affected by its distribution, especially for bipolar modulation schemes. With quantitative analysis, this paper investigates the mathematical relationship between the output harmonics and shoot‐through states for single‐phase Z‐source inverters. A modified double‐Fourier‐transformation‐based calculation scheme is proposed to estimate the output harmonics with different shoot‐through states insertion methods. Simulations and hardware experiments with a 200 W single‐phase Z‐source converter under two bipolar modulation control methods verified the accuracy of the proposed theory. The quantitative analysis would be helpful for the design of Z‐source converter's control strategy and modulation scheme.
Extended Poincaré model and non‐linear analysis of permanent‐magnet synchronous motor scalar drive system
Authors: Babaei Mojtaba , Feyzi Mojtaba , Nazari Marashi Abbas
Published: March 2022

In this paper, bifurcation diagrams, modified Poincaré map and Lyapunov exponents characteristic are developed for studying non‐linear phenomenon in dynamics of permanent‐magnet synchronous machine scalar drive systems (PMSMSDS). For this, extended Poincaré model of the system is introduced analytically taking into account voltage saturation effects. Using this proposed discrete map model, chaotic and stable region of the PMSMSDS in voltage frequency plane of the system are determined. Furthermore, bifurcation diagram of the system is derived when reference command speed is considered as a bifurcation parameter. Lyapunov exponents are calculated numerically in order to prove the chaotic response of the system and evaluate the accuracy of simulation and numerical results. Experimental test is implemented to investigate the occurrence of chaotic behaviour in the system. It is shown that the proposed map model of the PMSMSDS is capable to predict the chaotic behaviour of the system at any conditions.
On the Graphon Mean Field Game equations: Individual agent affine dynamics and mean field dependent performance functions
Authors: Caines Peter E. , Ho Daniel , Huang Minyi , Jian Jiamin , Song Qingshuo
Published: March 2022

This paper establishes unique solvability of a class of Graphon Mean Field Game equations. The special case of a constant graphon yields the result for the Mean Field Game equations.
Bacteriological investigation of milk samples and biopsies from the mammary gland of healthy sows
Authors: Spiegel Florian , Spiegel Sebastian , von Altrock Alexandra , Verspohl Jutta , Seehusen Frauke , Wendt Michael
Published: March 2022

Objective Milk samples from clinically healthy sows often contain a similar bacterial content as samples from mastitic sows. To verify whether contamination during sample collection is a possible reason for this or bacterial content in the mammary gland postpartum is a regular finding, the aim of the present study was to compare the suitability of milk samples and mammary gland biopsies for assessing the bacteriological status of healthy sows.

Material and methods Twenty-five clinically healthy sows of different parities were selected. The mammary skin and teats were cleaned and disinfected before biopsies and milk samples were taken from the second mammary gland on the left udder side one day postpartum. Needle biopsies were performed after local anaesthesia. Samples were investigated bacteriologically for aerobic bacteria and a semi-quantitative classification of bacterial growth was carried out. Additionally, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies from 18 of the healthy sows were stained and scored for inflammatory cells.

Results A low bacterial content could be found in 96 % of milk samples and in 92 % of biopsies from the healthy sows. Both Gram-positive (mostly streptococci and staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) were detected. Histopathological examination revealed mild inflammatory cell infiltration with mainly plasma cells and lymphocytes, in rare cases neutrophilic granulocytes.

Conclusion Biopsies of the mammary gland provided similar results with regard to bacteriological investigation compared to milk sampling although these were collected under aseptic conditions. Therefore, it is assumed that ubiquitous bacteria are regularly present in the colostrum and in the mammary gland tissue of clinically healthy sows after parturition. Histopathological findings were not entirely uneventful.

Clinical relevance Milk samples and biopsies from the thoroughly cleaned and disinfected mammary gland indicate a regular bacterial load of the gland postpartum; biopsies do not provide advantages with regard to hygienic conditions.
Reliability of the Mismatch Negativity in the Responses of Individual Listeners
Authors: Dalebout Susan D. , Fox Lisa G.
Published: March 2022

The mismatch negativity (MMN) was recorded from 12 normal adults during four biweekly sessions. Responses were elicited by a synthetically generated speech contrast (/dα/-/gα/) that all listeners discriminated with at least 90 percent accuracy. Standard and deviant waveforms were replicable across sessions for all listeners; however, replicability of the derived difference waveforms was poor. Of greater importance, the MMN identification rate was too low (29%) to allow reliability to be evaluated. The implications that these findings may have on clinical applicability are discussed.

Abbreviations: ALR = auditory late response, MMN = mismatch negativity, VOT = voice onset time
Listeners Who Prefer Monaural to Binaural Hearing Aids
Authors: Carter Anne Strouse , Noe Colleen M. , Wilson Richard H.
Published: March 2022

Four patients who preferred monaural as compared with binaural amplification were evaluated. For these patients, audiometric data, recognition performance on a dichotic digit task, and monaural and binaural hearing aid performance using four amplification strategies (National Acoustic Laboratories-Revised, a speech in noise algorithm, multiple-microphone arrays, and frequency modulated [FM]) are described. The results of dichotic testing using a one-, two-, and three-pair dichotic digit task in free- and directed-recall conditions indicated a left-ear deficit for all subjects that could not be explained by peripheral auditory findings or by a cognitive-based deficit. The results of soundfield testing using a speech in multitalker babble paradigm indicated that when listening in noise, there was little difference between aided and unaided word-recognition performance, suggesting that the binaural hearing aids originally fit for each patient were not providing substantial benefit when listening in a competing babble background. Word-recognition performance when aided monaurally in the right ear was superior to performance when aided monaurally in the left ear and when aided bin- aurally. The only successful binaural amplification strategy was the FM system. The results indicate that listeners with an auditory-based deficit in dichotic listening may function better with a monaural hearing aid fitting or with an assistive listening device such as an FM system. The findings also suggest that a test of dichotic listening is an important component in the evaluation of patients being considered for amplification.

Abbreviations: ALD = assistive listening device, BTE = behind the ear, DM = directional microphone, FM = frequency modulated, ITE = in the ear, NAL-R = National Acoustic Laboratories-Revised, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, S/B = signal-to-babble ratio, S/N - signal-to-noise ratio
Wireless Telephone-Hearing Aid Electromagnetic Compatibility Research at the University of Oklahoma
Authors: Schlegel Robert E. , Ravindram A. Ravi , Raman Shivakumar , Grant Hank
Published: March 2022

A multiphase study examining electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between wireless digital telephones and hearing aids has been under way at the University of Oklahoma EMC Center since May 1995. In a phase 1 clinical study involving 68 hearing aid wearers, interference varied significantly by telephone technology, hearing aid type, and hearing loss characteristics. More than 80 percent of the tests resulted in either no interference or a detection threshold distance less than 1 meter. Metallic shielding of the units yielded positive results. Various elements of phase 2 involved instrument-based tests of hearing aid interference using telephones in a sound-isolation chamber and radio frequency signals in a waveguide, along with clinical studies of speech-to-interference ratios, all leading to the development of standards of measurement and performance criteria for telephone emissions and hearing aid immunity. Results to date confirm that bystander interference is of less concern than user interference, which is the focus of continuing research.

Abbreviations: ASC = Accredited Standards Committee, AMPS = advanced mobile telephone system, ANSI = American National Standards Institute, BTE = behind the ear, CDMA = code division multiple access, CIC = completely in the canal, EMC = electromagnetic compatibility, GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications, IRIL = input referenced interference level, IRIS = input referenced interference spectrum, IS = international standard, ITC = in the canal, ITE = in the ear, J-STD = “J” standard, NAL = National Acoustic Laboratories, PCS = personal communication services, RF = radio frequency, TDMA = time division multiple access
The Australian Experience: Global System for Mobile Communications Wireless Telephones and Hearing Aids
Authors: Byrne Denis , Burwood Eric
Published: March 2022

A digital, wireless telephone system, the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), was introduced in Australia in 1993. Studies were conducted at the National Acoustic Laboratories to determine how the use of GSM mobile telephones (i.e., wireless telephones) causes interference in hearing aids and how hearing aids could be made more immune to such interference. A measurement system was developed, and measurements are presented for a variety of standard and treated hearing aids. Effective treatments include the addition of shunt capacitors to the hearing aid circuit and shielding by applying a conductive coating to the hearing aid case. Some recently produced microphones also increase immunity. High immunity levels can be achieved in future hearing aids, sufficient to prevent interference from other people’s use of a wireless telephone and that often permit use of digital mobile telephones by hearing aid users. Audiologists will have an increasing role in advising hearing aid wearers on the use of wireless telephones or other communications equipment.

Abbreviations: BTE = behind the ear, EMI = electromagnetic interference, GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications, IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission, ITE = in the ear, NAL = National Acoustic Laboratories
Beyond lobbying: the political determinants of adopting corporate social responsibility frameworks in the European Union and the USA
Authors: Bernhagen Patrick , Kollman Kelly , Patsiurko Natalka
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an element in a corporation’s political action repertoire. Previous research has studied lobbying and CSR as a distinct means by which corporations seek to manage their non-market environment. Analyzing CSR as a political activity, we argue that corporations engage in CSR for the same reasons that prompt them to engage in lobbying. More specifically, we expect corporations to adopt CSR frameworks that are suitable to enhance their reputation in a given political arena. To evaluate this argument, we analyze the lobbying and CSR behavior in the EU and USA of over 2000 corporations from around the world. Our results show that lobbying and adopting CSR frameworks can be predicted by similar empirical models. Moreover, controlling for common predictors and endogeneity, lobbying in the EU is associated with an increased likelihood of a corporation adopting an appropriate CSR framework. However, corporations that lobby in Washington DC become less likely to engage in CSR the more they spend on lobbying. These findings shed new light on the relationship between lobbying and CSR while highlighting important differences in corporate non-market behavior across political arenas.
Effect of solvent polarity on excited-state double proton transfer process of 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone
Authors: Wang Zheng-Ran , Zhu Li-Xia , Zhang Xing-Lei , Li Bo , Liu Yu-Liang , Wan Yong-Feng , Li Qi , Wan Yu , Yin Hang , Shi Ying
Published: March 2022

The excited-state double proton transfer (ES-DPT) properties of 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,5-DHAQ) in various solvents were investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and the DFT/TDDFT method. The steady-state fluorescence spectra in toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetonitrile (ACN) solvents presented that the solvent polarity has an effect on the position of the ESDPT fluorescence emission peak for the 1,5-DHAQ system. Transient absorption spectra show that the increasing polarity of the solvent accelerates the rate of excited state dynamics. Calculated potential energy curves analysis further verified the experimental results. The ESDPT barrier decreases gradually with the increase of solvent polarity from toluene, THF to ACN solvent. It is convinced that the increase of solvent polarity can promote the occurrence of the ESDPT dynamic processes for the 1,5-DHAQ system. This work clarifies the mechanism of the influence of solvent polarity on the ESDPT process of 1,5-DHAQ, which provides novel ideas for design and synthesis of new hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives.
Generalized energy-based fragmentation approach for accurate binding energies and Raman spectra of methane hydrate clusters
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cheng Zheng , Li Wei , Li Shuhua
Published: March 2022

Methane hydrates (MHs) play important roles in the fields of chemistry, energy, environmental sciences, etc. In this work, we employ the generalized energy-based fragmentation (GEBF) approach to compute the binding energies and Raman spectra of various MH clusters. For the GEBF binding energies of various MH clusters, we first evaluated the various functionals of density functional theory (DFT), and compared them with the results of explicitly correlated combined coupled-cluster singles and doubles with noniterative triples corrections [CCSD(T)(F12*)] method. Our results show that the two best functionals are B3PW91-D3 and B97D, with mean absolute errors of only 0.27 and 0.47 kcal/mol, respectively. Then we employed GEBF-B3PW91-D3 to obtain the structures and Raman spectra of MH clusters with mono- and double-cages. Our results show that the B3PW91-D3 functional can well reproduce the experimental C−H stretching Raman spectra of methane in MH crystals, with errors less than 3 cm−1. As the size of the water cages increased, the C−H stretching Raman spectra exhibited a redshift, which is also in agreement with the experimental “loose cage−tight cage” model. In addition, the Raman spectra are only slightly affected by the neighboring environment (cages) of methane. The blueshifts of C−H stretching frequencies are no larger than 3 cm−1 for CH4 from monocages to doublecages. The Raman spectra of the MH clusters could be combined with the experimental Raman spectra to investigate the structures of methane hydrates in the ocean bottom or in the interior of interstellar icy bodies. Based on the B3PW91-D3 or B97D functional and machine learning models, molecular dynamics simulations could be applied to the nucleation and growth mechanisms, and the phase transitions of methane hydrates.
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory studies of AuCn−/0 (n=3−8): Odd-even alternation in electron binding energies and structures
Authors: Wang Peng , Yan Shuai-Ting , Xu Hong-Guang , Xu Xi-Ling , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: March 2022

We measured the photoelectron spectra of AuCn− (n=3−8) and conducted theoretical study on the structures and properties of AuCn−/0 (n=3−8). It is found that the photoelectron spectra of AuCn− exhibit odd-even alternation. The spectral features of AuC3−, AuC5−, and AuC7− are much broader than those of AuC4−, AuC6−, and AuC8−. The vertical detachment energies of AuC3−, AuC5−, and AuC7− are lower than those of AuC4−, AuC6−, and AuC8−. The most stable structures of AuCn− (n=3−8) are chain structures. The most stable structures of neutral AuCn (n=3−8) are linear structures except that those of AuC3 and AuC5 are slightly bent. The calculated ∠AuCC angles, Au−C bond lengths, and the charges on Au atom also show odd-even alternations, consistent with the experimental observations.
Accurate quantum dynamics of the simplest isomerization system involving double-H transfer
Authors: Luo Jia , Cao Jianwei , Liu Hao , Bian Wensheng
Published: March 2022

We perform accurate quantum dynamics calculations on the isomerization of vinylidene-acetylene. Large-scale parallel computations are accomplished by an efficient theoretical scheme developed by our group, in which the basis functions are customized for the double-H transfer process. The A′1 and B″1 vinylidene and delocalization states are obtained. The peaks recently observed in the cryo-SEVI spectra are analyzed, and very good agreement for the energy levels is achieved between theory and experiment. The discrepancies of energy levels between our calculations and recent experimental cryo-SEVI spectra are of similar magnitudes to the experimental error bars, or ≤30 cm−1 excluding those involving the excitation of the CCH2 scissor mode. A kind of special state, called the isomerization state, is revealed and reported, which is characterized by large probability densities in both vinylidene and acetylene regions. In addition, several states dominated by vinylidene character are reported for the first time. The present work would contribute to the understanding of the double-H transfer.
Mode-specific quantum dynamics study of OH + H2S → H2O + SH reaction
Authors: Xiang Haipan , Lu Yunpeng , Song Hongwei , Yang Minghui
Published: March 2022

The hydrogen abstraction reaction from H2S by OH is of key importance in understanding of the causes of acid rain, air pollution, and climate change. In this work, the reaction OH+H2S → H2O+SH is investigated on a recently developed ab initio-based globally accurate potential energy surface by the time-dependent wave packet approach under a reduced-dimensional model. This reaction behaves like a barrier-less reaction at low collision energies and like an activated reaction with a well-defined barrier at high collision energies. Exciting either the symmetric or antisymmetric stretching mode of the molecule H2S enhances the reactivity more than exciting the bending mode, which is rationalized by the coupling strength of each normal mode with the reaction coordinate. In addition, the modespecific rate constant shows a remarkable non-Arrhenius temperature dependence.
Controlling magnetic vortex pairs in dipolar coupling Py elliptical nanocylinders
Authors: Dantas J. T. S. , Souza R. M. , Carriço A. S. , Martins S. M. S. B. , Oliveira L. L. , Dantas Ana L.
Published: March 2022

We report a theoretical study of the magnetic profiles of vortex pairs in dipolar coupling thin Ni80Fe20 (Permalloy Py™) elliptical nanocylinders. We show that the external magnetic field route can control the magnetic phases at remanence. Although the isolated nanocylinder forms one vortex in the remanence, in the presence of another, the dipolar interaction can induce a vortex pair in each nanocylinder. Moreover, our results show that we can adjust the two pairs of the magnetic vortex via the external magnetic field route. For the major-axis route, the pair of magnetic vortices in a nanocylinder is entirely antiparallel to the pair of magnetic vortices in the other nanocylinder. In contrast, both nanocylinders’ pairs of magnetic vortices are completely parallel for the minor-axis route at remanence. In this case, the magnetic patterns are the same in both nanocylinders. As an application, we present the results for a pair of identical and coaxial Py elliptical (245 × 405 × 25 nm3) nanocylinders separated by a nonmagnetic spacer of 50 nm.
Simulation of absorption spectra of molecular aggregates: A hierarchy of stochastic pure state approach
Authors: Chen Lipeng , Bennett Doran I. G. , Eisfeld Alexander
Published: March 2022

Simulation of spectroscopic observables for molecular aggregates with strong and structured coupling of electronic excitation to vibrational degrees of freedom is an important but challenging task. The Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS) provides a formally exact solution based on local, stochastic trajectories. Exploiting the localization of HOPS for the simulation of absorption spectra in large aggregates requires a formulation in terms of normalized trajectories. Here, we provide a normalized dyadic equation where the ket- and bra-states are propagated in different electronic Hilbert spaces. This work opens the door to applying adaptive HOPS methods for the simulation of absorption spectra.
Probing the defect states of LuN1−δ: An experimental and computational study
Authors: Devese S. , Van Koughnet K. , Buckley R. G. , Natali F. , Murmu P. P. , Anton E.-M. , Ruck B. J. , Holmes-Hewett W. F.
Published: March 2022

We report electrical transport and optical spectroscopy measurements on LuN thin films variously doped with nitrogen vacancies along with the computed band structures of stoichiometric and nitrogen vacancy doped LuN. LuN has been the subject of several recent computational studies; however, the most recent experimental studies regarding its electronic properties are already over four decades old. Here, we bridge the void between computation and experiment with a combined study of LuN focusing on its electronic properties. We find that LuN is a semiconductor with an optical bandgap of ∼1.7 eV. Its conductivity can be controlled by nitrogen vacancy doping, which results in defect states at the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum. These results not only provide information on LuN but also help underpin understanding of the electronic properties of the entire rare-earth nitride series.
Couette flow in a rectangular channel in the whole range of the gas rarefaction
Authors: Pleskun Heiko , Bode Tobias , Brümmer Andreas
Published: March 2022

The mass flow rate of a Couette flow in a long rectangular channel is calculated for constant or linear wall velocities in the whole range of the gas rarefaction and in a wide range of the width-to-height ratio. Analytical solutions for arbitrary width-to-height ratios are given for the hydrodynamic regime, the slip regime, and the free molecular regime. Therefore, both the velocity field and the mass flow rate can be calculated. In the transitional regime, simulations via direct simulation Monte Carlo method are performed. The results are provided as reduced flow rates in tabulated data, which can be used for any constant or linear increasing wall velocity (e.g., bounding walls of working chambers in positive displacement vacuum pumps).
Deep structured neural networks for turbulence closure modeling
Authors: McConkey R. , Yee E. , Lien F. S.
Published: March 2022

Despite well-known limitations of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations, this methodology remains the most widely used tool for predicting many turbulent flows due to computational efficiency. Machine learning is a promising approach to improve the accuracy of RANS simulations. One major area of improvement is using machine learning models to represent the complex relationship between the mean flow field gradients and the Reynolds stress tensor. In the present work, modifications to improve the stability of previous optimal eddy viscosity approaches for RANS simulations are presented and evaluated. The optimal eddy viscosity is reformulated with a non-negativity constraint, which promotes numerical stability. We demonstrate that the new formulation of the optimal eddy viscosity improves conditioning of RANS equations for a periodic hills test case. To demonstrate the suitability of this proportional/orthogonal tensor decomposition for use in a physics-informed data-driven turbulence closure, we use two neural networks (structured on this specific tensor decomposition, which is incorporated as an inductive bias into the network design) to predict the newly reformulated linear and non-linear parts of the Reynolds stress tensor. Injecting these network model predictions for the Reynolds stresses into RANS simulation improves predictions of the velocity field, even when compared to a sophisticated (state of the art) physics-based turbulence closure model. Finally, we apply shapley additive explanations values to obtain insights from the learned representation for inner workings of the neural network used to predict the optimal eddy viscosity from the input feature data.
Asymptotic analysis of boundary thermal-wave process near the liquid–gas critical point
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhang Rui , Kanda Yuki , Basu Dipankar N. , Komiya Atsuki , Chen Haisheng
Published: March 2022

The role of near-critical properties has been considered as key point for the understanding of transient origins of fluid transport physics, especially in the boundary layers. Asymptotic model analysis with modified governing equations of the fluid has been utilized to study the characters of near-critical fluids subjected to a temperature pulse, under different boundary conditions: thermostatic or insulated. The asymptotic solutions show that the boundary layers are mainly governed by the diffusion effect (sensitive to spatial gradients) while exhibiting the wave character in bulk. When a small thermal pulse is imposed at the boundary, wave process with a magnitude about 0.05 mK is seen generated. The wave propagates in the one-dimensional cell, reflecting a quick re-distribution of parameters in acoustic timescale. Transient temperature and pressure results show that as the fluids flow across the boundary layers to the bulk, acoustic wave process is associated with that of the specific energy transportation process.