bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dielectric characterization of vegetation at L band using an open-ended coaxial probe
Authors: Mavrovic Alex , Roy Alexandre , Royer Alain , Filali Bilal , Boone François , Pappas Christoforos , Sonnentag Oliver
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Decoupling the integrated microwave signal originating from soil
and vegetation remains a challenge for all microwave remote sensing
applications. To improve satellite and airborne microwave data products in
forest environments, a precise and reliable estimation of the relative
permittivity (ε=ε′-iε′′) of trees is required. We
developed an open-ended coaxial probe suitable for in situ
permittivity measurements of tree trunks at L-band frequencies (1–2 GHz).
The probe is characterized by uncertainty ratios under 3.3 % for a broad
range of relative permittivities (unitless), [2–40] for
ε′ and [0.1–20] for ε′′. We quantified
the complex number describing the permittivity of seven different tree
species in both frozen and thawed states: black spruce, larch, red spruce,
balsam fir, red pine, aspen and black cherry. Permittivity variability is
substantial and can range up to 300 % for certain species. Our results
show that the permittivity of wood is linked to the freeze–thaw state of
vegetation and that even short winter thaw events can lead to an increase in
vegetation permittivity. The open-ended coaxial probe proved to be precise
enough to capture the diurnal cycle of water storage inside the trunk for the
length of the growing season.
Value of uncertain streamflow observations for hydrological
modelling
Authors: Etter Simon , Strobl Barbara , Seibert Jan , van Meerveld Ilja
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that a hydrological model can be parameterized using on a limited number of streamflow measurements for otherwise ungauged basins. Citizen science projects can collect such data but an important question is whether these observations are informative given that these streamflow estimates will be uncertain. We address the value of inaccurate streamflow estimates for calibration of a simple bucket-type runoff model for six Swiss catchments. We pretended that only a few observations were available and that these were affected by different levels of inaccuracy. The initial inaccuracy level was based on a log-normal error distribution that was fitted to streamflow estimates of 136 citizens for medium-sized streams. Two additional levels of inaccuracy, for which the standard deviation of the error-distribution was divided by two and four, were used as well. Based on these error distributions, random errors were added to the measured hourly streamflow data. New time series with different temporal resolutions were created from these synthetic time series. These included scenarios with one observation each week or month and scenarios that are more realistic for crowdsourced datasets with irregular distributions throughout the year or a focus on spring or summer. The model was then calibrated for the six catchments using the synthetic time series for a dry, an average and a wet year. The performance of the calibrated models was evaluated based on the measured hourly streamflow time series. The results indicate that streamflow estimates from untrained citizens are not informative for model calibration. However, if the errors can be reduced, the estimates are informative and useful for model parameterization. As expected, the model performance increased when the number of observations used for calibration increased. The model performance was also better when the observations were more evenly distributed throughout the year. This study indicates that uncertain streamflow estimates can be useful for model calibration but that the estimates by citizen scientists need to be improved by training or more advanced data filtering before they are useful for model calibration.
GEO-C: ENABLING OPEN CITIES AND THE OPEN CITY TOOLKIT
Authors: Granell C. , Bhattacharya D. , Casteleyn S. , Degbelo A. , Gould M. , Kray C. , Painho M. , Trilles S.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The GEO-C doctoral programme, entitled “Geoinformatics: Enabling Open Cities”, is funded by the EU Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions (International Training Networks (ITN), European Joint Doctorates) until December 2018, and is managed by three European universities in Germany, Portugal and Spain. 15 doctoral grantholders (Early Stage Researchers) were selected to work on specific three-year projects, all contributing to improving the notion of open cities, and specifically to an Open City Toolkit of methodologies, code, and best practice examples. Contributions include volunteered geographic information (VGI), public information displays, mobility apps to encourage green living, providing open data to immigrant populations, reducing the second-order digital divide, sensing of quality of life, proximity based privacy protection, and spatio-temporal online social media analysis. All doctoral students conducted long-term visits and were embedded in city governments and businesses, to gain experience from multiple perspectives in addition to the researcher and users’ perspective. The projects are situated within three areas: transparency, participation, and collaboration. They took mostly a bottom-up (citizen-centric) approach to (smart) open cities, rather than relying on large IT companies to create smart open cities in a top-down manner. This paper discusses the various contributions to enabling open cities, explains in some detail the Open City Toolkit, and its possible uses and impact on stakeholders. A follow-up doctoral program has been solicited and, if successful, will continue this line of research and will strengthen aspects of privacy, data provenance, and trust, in an effort to improve relations between data (e.g. news) publishers and consumers.
100 years of atmospheric and marine observations at the Finnish Utö Island in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Laakso Lauri , Mikkonen Santtu , Drebs Achim , Karjalainen Anu , Pirinen Pentti , Alenius Pekka
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Utö Atmospheric and Marine Research Station introduced in
this paper is located on Utö Island
(59∘46.84′ N, 21∘22.13′ E) at the outer edge of the Archipelago
Sea, by the Baltic Sea towards the Baltic Proper. Meteorological observations at
the island started in 1881 and vertical profiling of seawater temperature
and salinity in 1900. Since 1980, the number of observations at Utö has
rapidly increased, with a large number of new meteorological, air quality,
aerosol, optical and greenhouse gas parameters, and recently, a
variety of marine observations. In this study, we analyze long-term changes
of atmospheric temperature, cloudiness, sea salinity, temperature and ice
cover. Our main dataset consists of 248 367 atmospheric temperature
observations, 1632 quality-assured vertical seawater temperature and salinity
profiles and 8565 ice maps, partly digitized for this project. We also use
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), major Baltic inflow (MBI) and Baltic Sea
river runoff data from the literature as reference variables to our data. Our
analysis is based on a statistical method utilizing a dynamic linear model. The
results show an increase in the atmospheric temperature at Utö, but the
increase is significantly smaller than on land areas and has taken place only
since the early 1980s, with a rate of
0.4 ∘C decade−1 during the last 35 years. We also see an increase in
seawater temperatures, especially on the surface, with an increase of
0.3 ∘C decade−1 for the last 100 years. In deeper water
layers, the increase is smaller and influenced by vertical mixing, which is modulated
by inflow of saline water from the North Sea and freshwater inflow from
rivers and by wind-driven processes influenced by the local bathymetry. The date
when air temperature in the spring exceeds +5 ∘C became 5 days
earlier from the period 1951–1980 to the period 1981–2010 and the date when sea
surface water temperature exceeds +4 ∘C changed to 9 days earlier.
Sea ice cover duration at Utö shows a decrease of approximately 50 %
during the last 35 years. Based on the combined results, it is possible that
the climate at Utö has changed into a new phase, in which the sea ice
no longer reduces the local temperature increase caused by the global
warming.
A Bayesian hierarchical model for glacial dynamics based on the shallow ice approximation and its evaluation using analytical solutions
Authors: Gopalan Giri , Hrafnkelsson Birgir , Aðalgeirsdóttir Guðfinna , Jarosch Alexander H. , Pálsson Finnur
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Bayesian hierarchical modeling can assist the
study of glacial dynamics and ice flow properties. This approach
will allow glaciologists to make fully probabilistic predictions for
the thickness of a glacier at unobserved spatiotemporal
coordinates, and it will also allow for the derivation of posterior
probability distributions for key physical parameters such as ice
viscosity and basal sliding. The goal of this paper is to develop a
proof of concept for a Bayesian hierarchical model constructed,
which uses exact analytical solutions for the shallow ice
approximation (SIA) introduced by Bueler et al. (2005). A suite of test
simulations utilizing these exact solutions suggests that this
approach is able to adequately model numerical errors and produce
useful physical parameter posterior distributions and predictions. A
byproduct of the development of the Bayesian hierarchical model is
the derivation of a novel finite difference method for solving the
SIA partial differential equation (PDE). An additional novelty of
this work is the correction of numerical errors induced through a
numerical solution using a statistical model. This error-correcting
process models numerical errors that accumulate forward in time and
spatial variation of numerical errors between the dome, interior,
and margin of a glacier.
Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler Altimetry over Antarctica
Authors: McMillan Malcolm , Muir Alan , Shepherd Andrew , Escolà Roger , Roca Mònica , Aublanc Jérémie , Thibaut Pierre , Restano Marco , Ambrozio Américo , Benveniste Jérôme
Published: July 2018

Abstract. On 16th February 2016, the launch of the Sentinel-3A satellite marked the first step towards a new era of operational Delay-Doppler altimetry over ice sheets. Given the provision of these novel altimeters for decades to come, and the long-term benefits they can offer to a range of glaciological applications, it is important to establish their capacity to monitor ice sheet elevation and elevation change. Here, we present the first analysis of Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over the Antarctic Ice Sheet, and assess the accuracy and precision of retrievals of ice sheet elevation across a range of topographic regimes. Over the ice sheet interior, we find that the instrument achieves both an accuracy and a precision of the order of 10 cm, with ~ 98 % of the data validated being within 50 cm of co-located airborne measurements. Across coastal regions, which exhibit steeper and more complex topography, the accuracy decreases slightly, although ~ 60–85 % of validated data are still within 1 meter of co-located airborne elevation measurements. Finally, we explore the utility of the instrument for mapping elevation change, and show that, with less than 2 years of available data, it is possible to resolve known signals of ice dynamic imbalance. Our analysis demonstrates a new, long-term source of measurements of ice sheet elevation and elevation change, and the early potential of this novel operational system for monitoring ice sheet imbalance for decades to come.
MAJOR GOAT MILK PROTEIN: SEPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION BY “LAB-ON-A-CHIP” MICROFLUIDIC ELECTROPHORES
Authors: DOS SANTOS ALESSA SIQUEIRA  DE O. , MEURER VANEIDA MARIA , COSTA FABIANO FREIRE , DE PAIVA IGOR MOURA , FOGAÇA GISELE NOGUEIRA , DO EGITO ANTÔNIO SILVIO , FURTADO MARCO ANTONIO MOREIRA , MARTINS MARTA FONSECA
Published: July 2018

This work presents the electrophoretic profile of goat and cow milk samples and their mixtures using microfluidic and conventional electrophoresis. The microfluidic method allowed the separation of the major caseins from milk, excepting the goat κ-casein.  Besides, the major whey proteins were separated with perfect distinction of A and B β-lactoglobulin variants. Comparing to SDS-PAGE, a variation in the molecular weight was observed in all milk proteins. However, A and B β-lactoglobulin variants could not be isolated using SDS-PAGE. Although urea-PAGE did not show high resolution among whey proteins, γ-, κ-, β-, and α-caseins were clearly identified. This method also showed a lower limit detection of cow milk in mixture samples than the "lab-on-a-chip" electrophoresis. In both methods, the highest linearity obtained from plotting total percentage against cow milk concentration was observed by using cow αs1-casein (R2 = 0.986 and R² = 0.973). This result indicates that microfluidic electrophoresis is an effective tool to detect the presence of some proteins in goat and cow milk, and in mixtures. Microfluidic chip technology might will complement the current methods for analyzing milk proteins, highlighting its speed amount of reagents and whey protein separation, which showed a better result than urea or SDS-PAGE
Gestão da inovação no planejamento de produção: um estudo de caso aplicado à minimização de custos industriais
Authors: Gerônimo Maycon Da Silva , Ferreira Eduardo Melo , Ferreira Júnior Jerry William , Oliveira Ricardo Daher
Published: July 2018

Com o objetivo de se manterem competitivas no mercado, as empresas buscam cada vez mais alternativas para minimizar custos e melhorar a produtividade de seus processos, nesse contexto a Gestão da Inovação se destaca como necessária para a melhoria. O objeto desse artigo é demonstrar, a partir de um estudo de caso, resultados que comprovem a efetividade da Gestão da Inovação dentro de uma área de planejamento da produção de uma indústria de mineração e logística, e que visa ao final garantir o aumento da produtividade dos usuários de uma ferramenta utilizada no planejamento de produção. Tal procedimento converge com a filosofia da companhia, de melhoria contínua, e no caso desse estudo, com a interação da própria área e com representantes do desenvolvedor do software, os resultados mostraram-se positivos, apontando para sua aplicação em escala e para a necessidade de continuidade da difusão da Gestão da Inovação na companhia.
Estágios de servitização: evidências oriundas de indústrias de máquinas e equipamentos brasileiras
Authors: Souza Junior Wesley Canedo de , Torres Júnior Noel
Published: July 2018

Um número cada vez maior de empresas tem adicionado valor a seus negócios mediante a incorporação de serviços, buscando alcançar diversos potenciais ganhos, por exemplo, maior lucratividade e diferenciação. À transição realizada pela indústria de uma fabricante de bens a uma fornecedora de soluções produto-serviço é dado o nome de “servitização”. A literatura desta temática é escassa quanto ao modo como se dá a servitização em empresas, sendo ainda um campo com poucas evidências oriundas de estudos quantitativos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar quantitativamente a existência de estágios distintos e sequenciais do processo de servitização em indústrias servitizadas. Em um questionário foram avaliadas as percepções de 92 gestores de indústrias servitizadas do setor de Máquinas e Equipamentos. Os dados foram validados e analisados com o emprego de estatística univariada e multivariada. Os resultados sugerem que a servitização acontece em etapas de ofertas sequenciais e distintas.
APLICAÇÃO DAS EXCLUDENTES DE ILICITUDE DO DIREITO PENAL SOB A ÓTICA DA PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Moreira Renan Lucio
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar a aplicação do direito penal como instrumento de proteção ao meio ambiente, mormente quanto à aplicabilidade das causas excludentes de ilicitude, em especial o Estado de Necessidade. Permeia-se ainda sobre a responsabilidade de reparação dos danos efetivamente causados ao meio ambiente, devendo-se observar a responsabilidade civil objetiva do agente. Estuda-se ainda a aplicabilidade da Lei 6.938/81 e Constituição Federal, bem como sua eficácia na contribuição da preservação do meio ambiente.
Introduction
Authors: Thompson Becky
Published: July 2018

Taking the lead from a statement that the poet and professor June Jordan made—“We are not all that is possible. None of us has ever really experienced justice. None of us has known enough justice”—the book opens with discussion of a pedagogy of tenderness as an embodied way of being that allows us to listen deeply, to consider perspectives that we might have thought outside our own worldviews, and to invite rigorous, engaged work. What might a pedagogy of tenderness require of us and make possible both in and outside of the classroom—in our families, our activist circles, our lives? Such a worldview and approach to living is possible by drawing on the contributions of multiracial feminism, contemplative practices (including yoga, meditation, talking circles, and Indigenous pedagogy), and trauma studies to transform classrooms into places of innovation, risk-taking and alliances building.
Why We Flee
Authors: Thompson Becky
Published: July 2018

“Why We Flee” chronicles multiple reasons why we leave our bodies in academic settings. It traces how racism and a backlash against feminist gains to stop sexual harassment have policed our attempts to stay embodied when we teach, compromising our abilities to thrive as orators, as compassionate listeners, as people excited about our research. The chapter offers examples of cues Thompson missed when students could not fully engage with the course material. And how recognizing trauma can help us become more alert to students’ courage as they grapple with difficult material. Thompson has often relied upon the creative writing by Yusef Komunyakaa, Rafael Campo, Sapphire, Edwidge Danticat, and other writers to teach about resilience in the face of war, homophobia, colonialism, and other violations. Thompson also examines what students have taught her about the risks involved in being present in the process. The chapter ends with discussion of the synergistic relationship between the qualities of the mind and the sheaths of the body, in particular how yoga might catapult us to a place of deep connection and joy.
To You, I Belong
Authors: Thompson Becky
Published: July 2018

“To You, I Belong” examines historical memory as an embodied concept. Teaching asks us to work with memories in our bodies. The memories that we store often defy coherent narratives, require us to patchwork sensation with emotion, an energetic presence with evidence shaken by time. The presence and insistence of historical memory inevitably asks us to make room for fear, grief, betrayal, and ambivalence. Dealing with historical memory isn’t easy—our own or our students’ memories. Working closely with the student life office, counseling services, and other support centers becomes crucial. At the same time, outsourcing emotional work to spaces beyond the classroom runs the risk of separating content from process, the mind from the body. This outsourcing can send a message that a teacher is not up to the task of witnessing student journeys. In the chapter, Thompson shares some examples of when students were willing to share an embodied presence in the classroom and what they teach through their courage.
Introduction
Authors: Fiol Stefan
Published: July 2018

In April 2005 I attended the video shoot for the singer Mehindra Chauhan’s new album Meenu Ai in his village in the northwest corner of the Garhwal Himalayas. A production team of about fifteen individuals, including the producer, director, drivers, makeup artists, soundmen, lighting assistants, actors, and cameramen, assembled at Chauhan’s home after a seven-hour drive up the Yamuna River valley from the regional capital city of Dehradun. At about ten o’clock at night the crew set up a generator to power their spotlights while the director enlisted the help of the village headman to bring local residents out of their homes and into the courtyard. As several women approached, the director advised them to return home, clean themselves up, and put on their finest festival clothes because he deemed them unsuitable to appear on camera as they were....
Genealogies of the Folk Concept in Colonial Uttarakhand
Authors: Fiol Stefan
Published: July 2018

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, indigenous and British colonial elites gathered local knowledge from low-status (Shilpkar) performers and inscribed this knowledge within the emerging discipline of folklore studies. Depending on the shifting ideological and political positions with respect to local caste hierarchies, Indo-Aryan migration theories, and colonial administrative agendas, scholars utilized folklore to call attention alternately to the exceptional character of central Himalayan society as a whole and to the backward and superstitious character of particular castes and communities. This chapter illuminates the ways in which the folk concept was a critical instrument of colonial domination even as it offered local Indian elites the opportunity to compare Himalayan societies favorably with European societies.
The Folk Sound without the Folk Body
Authors: Fiol Stefan
Published: July 2018

Chapter four focuses on the experiences of Sohan Lal, one of the few individuals from the Bajgi caste of hereditary drummers to have established a professional career in both rural and urban contexts, for both lower- and upper-caste patrons. Being labeled a folk artist has benefited Sohan Lal in some respects, earning him both monetary and social capital, but it has led to significant compromises in terms of the presentation and reception of his music. Sohan Lal’s experiences illuminate an uncomfortable paradox within the contemporary folk music industry: sounds that are indexically linked to folk are valued as long as they are decoupled from the Shilpkar bodies that historically produced those sounds.
Conclusion
Authors: Fiol Stefan
Published: July 2018

This book has offered a series of historical and ethnographic perspectives about the concept of folk music in the Indian Himalayas. After exploring a range of performers and performances, it should be evident why I have not offered a single definition of folk music. Folk music is best understood as a multidimensional concept that has been instrumentalized by a range of individuals and communities for various political and economic ends. I have examined a century’s worth of engagements with the folk concept as the outcome of two intertwined processes, one revivalist (turning dying folk into living folk) and the other rhizophonic (separating the folk sound from the folk body). Although each of these processes has been discussed to some extent in scholarship concerning invented traditions, music revivals, and modernist reformism, they have not previously been theorized as processes inherent to folklorization....
Massive Resistance and the Death of a Black Newspaper
Authors: Bedingfield Sid
Published: July 2018

This chapter details the demise of a black newspaper, the Lighthouse and Informer, and the role of white newspapers in the rise of massive resistance to civil rights in South Carolina. John McCray’s newspaper had always depended financially on help from fellow activist Modjeska Simkins and her family, but a growing feud between the two civil rights activists eventually doomed the black newspaper. The rising pressure exerted by the white massive resistance movement contributed to the collapse of the newspaper and the decline in black activism in the late 1950s. Charleston News and Courier editor Thomas R. Waring Jr. and his chief political reporter, William D. Workman Jr., played central roles in establishing the white citizens’ council movement and using anti-communist rhetoric to undermine the civil rights effort.
Epilogue
Authors: Bedingfield Sid
Published: July 2018

This epilogue traces the personal stories of key characters in the years after 1965. John H. McCray was offered editing positions at several black newspapers in the early 1960s, but the black press had begun to decline dramatically by that time. He left South Carolina and moved to Alabama to take a job at his alma mater, Talladega College. As editors of South Carolina two largest white newspapers, Thomas R. Waring, Jr., and William D. Workman, Jr. continued to oppose the new, bi-racial coalition that emerged in the Democratic Party. Modjeska Simkins appeared weekly on a black radio station in Columbia to help organize and register black voters in South Carolina. She and McCray remained estranged despite their history together launching the modern civil rights movement in the state.
The “Perfection of Sacred Womanhood”
Authors: Case Sarah H.
Published: July 2018

This chapter argues that between 1880 and 1908, Lucy Cobb Institute of Athens, Georgia, a private secondary school for young white elite women, took part defining New South white womanhood. Lead by Mildred Lewis Rutherford, prominent for her work on behalf of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, her sisters, and other faculty members, the institute defined white female identity as encompassing support for the Lost Cause, racial hierarchy, and gendered notions of gentility including feminine modesty. At the same time, the school offered a modern education and examples of female leadership, and taught that respectability would allow women to take part in expanded educational, club, and professional opportunities.
Emergency and the Everyday
Authors: Fusco Katherine , Seymour Nicole
Published: July 2018

This introduction outlines Reichardt’s career, from promising indie auteur in the 1990s to a subsequent retreat from the spotlight to a triumphant return in the mid-2000s. The book’s argument is laid out here: chronicling the banal aftermath of crisis rather than its spectacular epicenter, Reichardt’s films establish emergency as an everyday experience. This section also claims that Reichardt focuses on two contemporary emergencies in particular: U.S. economic decline – and the rise of the new class known as “the precariat” – and environmental degradation – especially in the U.S. postindustrial Pacific Northwest. In this way, Reichardt is a filmmaker interested in uniquely American experiences of failure. Finally, this section offers synopses for all the Reichardt works covered in the book, including both feature films and short films.
SlutWalks
Authors: Currans Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

This chapter explores the interplay between events in topographically public spaces and counterpublic conversations using the 2012 Toronto SlutWalk. Interweaving analysis of feminist online debates about the utility of reclaiming the word slut and organizational realities in Toronto, this chapter demonstrates how deeply these seemingly separate realms are intertwined. People’s experience reflected their responses to the emotionally-charged conversations that occurred prior to people arriving in downtown Toronto to march, chant, and listen to each other’s experience. The space was held in defiance of cultural norms that blame women for the violence they experience and of feminists who deemed marching under the mantle of sluthood counterproductive.
Participatory Maternal Citizenship
Authors: Currans Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

This chapter explores participatory maternal citizenship practices by Million Mom March participants. Motherhood has provided one of the most consistent platforms for women’s activism, both nationally and globally. The Million Mom March extended this tradition of maternal activism by treating maternal care as citizenship practice. They leveraged the power granted to mothers in a patriarchal society. Using this platform, the Million Moms contested gendered spatial norms by explicitly blending supposedly private concerns with their public, political presence.
Emergence
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter introduces Anne Milling, the New Orleans civic activist who founded Women of the Storm. The chapter presents her brief biography before delving into the early history of the formation of the core membership of the still unnamed incipient group. It outlines the processes involved in coming up with group names and establishing its goals, including the mission to invite members of Congress to see the destruction firsthand and a coastal restoration initiative funded through an oil and gas revenue sharing agreement.
Making Plans, Going Public
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter focuses on the Women of the Storm’s overall goals and the techniques used to frame the issues for presentation to lawmakers in Washington. It focuses on talking points organized around four main goals: a revenue-capture strategy from offshore drilling, enhanced levee protection, coastal restoration, and a housing recovery plan. The chapter continues by detailing the processes by which participants attempted to set up lobbying appointments with members of Congress and the labor involved in preparation for the group’s trip to Washington. The chapter ends with a discussion of the list of participants that was published in the local paper, which made issues of inclusion/exclusion resurface.
Hill Visits
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter follows Women of the Storm members as they embark on their visits to Capitol Hill to extend their invitations to members of Congress. Both successful and failed encounters with numerous lawmakers, such as Peter Stark, Nancy Pelosi, and Dennis Hastert, are discussed. The women’s Southern femininity, manners, and polished restraint are examined as an individual and group tactic. The chapter also considers efforts by group members to expand the circle of loss to challenge the idea that only poor neighborhoods were affected by Katrina.
Noblesse Oblige
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter examines the follow-up work that occurred immediately after Women of the Storm’s trip to Washington on January 30, 2006, including writing thank-you notes and sending follow-up e-mails. In addition to focusing on these activities, the chapter examines participant reflections on the trip and the membership dynamics. Some participants also offer critiques of media portrayals of the group, especially coverage that focused on socioeconomic class. Others reflect on their work as an extension of elite women’s contributions to society in non-crisis times, activities captured in the concepts of noblesse oblige and civic stewardship.
New Orleans at Six Months
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter examines Women of the Storm’s activities six months after Katrina, a moment that coincided with the 2006 Carnival season. The focus on the six-month mark allowed the group, as well as residents, media, and politicians, to take stock of the ongoing recovery. Members Cecile Tebo and Madeline West discuss the work that remained to be done and Women of the Storm’s continued efforts to bring lawmakers to New Orleans. The latter half of the chapter focuses on a thirty-four-member bipartisan visit by House Representatives led by Dennis Hastert and Nancy Pelosi, and the co-delegation’s interactions with Women of the Storm members. The chapter concludes with a discussion by participants, including Jeanette Bell, during a panel at Newcomb College.
The Breach
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter focuses on a press conference organized by Women of the Storm on the occasion of a visit by John McCain and Lindsey Graham. It documents in detail the scene of the press conference, which took place at the 17th Street Canal breach in Lakeview. The chapter also narrates a chance encounter between Women of the Storm and schoolgirls from the Academy of the Sacred Heart School. The chapter concludes by outlining some of the educational outreach that Women of the Storm members participated in and suggests that models of civic activism and philanthropy were being shared across generations.
Going National
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter documents Women of the Storm’s efforts to expand its membership base by partnering with national-level women’s organizations, including the Association of Junior Leagues International, the National Council of Jewish Women, The Links, and the Women’s Initiative of the United Way. The chapter examines the rationale for organizational expansion and the reasons for claiming a broader constituency. The chapter also focuses on group continuities, including the ongoing efforts by members like Lindy Boggs to use their power and influence to convince lawmakers to accept the invitation to visit.
The Presidential Debate
Authors: David Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses new initiatives by Women of the Storm, including a bid to host one of the presidential debates in New Orleans. The chapter discusses this new undertaking, which was done in partnership with four universities in New Orleans: Dillard, Loyola, Tulane, and Xavier. The chapter traces the entire process from the submission of the application materials, to the site visits by the selection committee, to the final rejection of the bid to host the debate. Commentary by Anne Milling as well as local and national media sources is also provided. The chapter ends with an examination of Women of the Storm’s activities at each of the national party conventions leading up to the 2008 presidential elections.
Beyond Plutocracy
Authors: Formisano Ron
Published: July 2018

Across the political spectrum many observers of Washington, D.C., have recognized the existence of a self-perpetuating and self-aggrandizing political class. But the phenomenon extends well beyond Washington to embrace regional and state political and economic elites occupying a broad array of institutions in and out of government, tied together by ambition, interest and mutual benefit.
The Political Class in a Poor State
Authors: Formisano Ron
Published: July 2018

One of the poorest states in the nation, Kentucky possesses a political class that is thriving.
Conclusion
Authors: Formisano Ron
Published: July 2018

America’s oligarchy is creating an aristocracy of inherited wealth.
Afterword
Authors: Formisano Ron
Published: July 2018

The history of this country is not an unrelieved narrative of wealth and power always winning, always greedy, and never limited.
Examining the Role of UNESCO and Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Harris Robin P.
Published: July 2018

Research into the key factors in olonkho revitalization reveals a remarkable consistency among Sakha voices, pointing toward the pivotal role of UNESCO’s Masterpiece program and the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). For this reason, chapter 4 focuses exclusively on UNESCO and its ICH initiatives. Topics include a description of the Masterpiece proclamation and its absorption into other ICH programs, a clarification of the term “safeguarding,” a comparison between UNESCO’s desired outcomes and Yakutia’s Action Plan for olonkho revitalization, and a discussion of Yakutia’s funding for that Action Plan in the face of budgetary crises.
Introduction
Authors: Jones-Bamman Richard
Published: July 2018

This chapter introduces the banjo as a means of exploring not only the methods and motivations of contemporary instrument builders, but also as an instrument with a history as a successful agent of antimodernism, a quality that remains significant within old-time musical circles. Banjo makers who cater to this community face constraints based on this conception, made evident in reference to iconic design elements from the banjo’s past, but are also successfully using this same antimodern tendency to expand knowledge of the instrument’s earliest history. This introductory chapter also describes the research methodology the author employed and the overall organization of the book, describing each of the following chapters in some detail.
A Brief History of the Banjo
Authors: Jones-Bamman Richard
Published: July 2018

This chapter provides a short historical overview of the banjo, from its origins among enslaved populations up through the so-called golden era of its development and manufacture in the late 19th century. It begins with a definition of the instrument based on specific morphological features, taking into account various African antecedents that remain hallmarks of its design and distinctive tone production. This is followed by a discussion of the gradual emergence of mass produced banjos created for the burgeoning middle-class parlor market in the 1880s and 1890s, and the roll these same instruments have played in determining the design parameters commonly employed by contemporary makers creating open-back banjos for the old-time musical community.
The Old-Time Nation
Authors: Jones-Bamman Richard
Published: July 2018

This chapter delves into the musical community associated with old-time music and its beginnings within the American folk music revival of the 1950s. From the start, this was an intentional community largely urban based and focused on recreating music many of its adherents viewed as embodying a simpler time, and representing vaguely defined notions of tradition. Various influential musicians are profiled, all of who contributed to the popularity of this music especially among college aged, predominantly white individuals. These include the New Lost City Ramblers, Hollow Rock String Band, Fuzzy Mountain String Band and Highwoods String Band. The interest in this music during the revival era also inspired the first small-scale banjo builders who became important participants in this process by making instruments available at a time when the major instrument manufacturers were ignoring this phenomenon. Several of these makers are profiled and their contributions discussed: Chuck Ogsbury (Ode banjos); Art Gariepy; Kate Spencer (A.E. Smith banjos); Bart Reiter.
The Banjo’s Evolving Story
Authors: Jones-Bamman Richard
Published: July 2018

This concluding chapter begins with the premise that instruments represent more than simple artifacts or tools for the creation of musical sounds. They are additionally imbued with stories that may be highly individuated or broadly understood to represent moments of great social and historical significance. Within this context the banjo’s story has expanded significantly largely through the efforts of a handful of instrument makers who have been concerned with revealing the banjo’s entire narrative rather than continuing to ignore or disregard its more troubling details. Until quite recently, such instruments and concerns lay outside the purview of old-time music, even though quite a few tunes played within this community have their origins on the minstrel stage. Now that some of these older versions of the banjo have become commonplace, however, the racialized nature of much of this music and its practice can no longer be avoided and the old-time musical community is gradually rising to the challenge. Were it not for the banjo builders involved in this same community it is doubtful this would have occurred.
Introduction
Authors: Lowney John
Published: July 2018

There have been a number of outstanding studies that articulate the importance of black music for “Afro-modernist” literary production since Paul Gilroy’s seminal The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness (1993). Through inquiry into influential Marxist, Black Atlantic, and African diasporic studies of jazz literature and jazz history, the introduction explains how Jazz Internationalism is distinguished by its historical scope and attention to multiple genres of jazz literature. This introduction outlines not only a history of Afro-modernist jazz literature that corresponds with the Long Civil Rights Movement, it also underscores the intertextuality of jazz literature as it evolves through several generations of black music and writing. While the primary purpose of Jazz Internationalism is not one of recovering obscure writers or texts, it does make the case for a more expansive understanding of jazz writing for both African American literary history and African diasporic studies more generally.
“A Silent Beat in Between the Drums”
Authors: Lowney John
Published: July 2018

No writer exemplifies the importance of bebop for African American poetry more than Bob Kaufman. And no writer aside from Hughes has had a greater impact on subsequent jazz poetry than Kaufman. Because Kaufman is identified primarily with the Beat movement, it is easy to overlook the impact of his early affiliation with the Popular Front, manifested in his left internationalist historical consciousness and his hybrid poetic forms, which allude as much to popular culture as to European and American modernisms. This chapter discusses the social and political implications of his most influential jazz poems, especially poems that translate the performance and legendary significance of Charlie Parker into explorations of black internationalism. Kaufman’s rendering of jazz history more generally, from his invocation of earlier musicians such as Duke Ellington through his poetic enactment of bop and hard bop performance, insists on the power of jazz as an internationalist discourse of radical resistance.
Introduction
Authors: Moore Louis
Published: July 2018

George Godfrey fought for a living. “I’ve got a wife and six children,” he once told a reporter, “and I follow fighting as people follow any other calling.”1 Born in 1853 in Prince Edward Island, Canada, as a teenager Godfrey and his family left a life of segregation and poverty in the Bog district of his hometown and migrated to Boston for better economic opportunities. But like 80 percent of black men in Boston, Godfrey could only find menial work....
Black Men and the Business of Boxing
Authors: Moore Louis
Published: July 2018

To understand blacks’ role in prizefighting we must understand the role race and racism played in the business of boxing and black men’s quest for manhood within this racially restrictive business. No matter the era, if a black man wanted to find work, he stood at the mercy of white men. Despite the tight grip whites had on boxing, black fighters tried to carve out a space of manly independence. These men understood the central importance of their black bodies in the business of boxing and used that knowledge to get the most from the sport, their manager, and athletic clubs.
Following the Color Line
Authors: Moore Louis
Published: July 2018

During the Progressive Era, a number of cities and states outside the Deep South eventually barred mixed bouts. To be sure, white lawmakers wanted to protect white superiority. Each black victory in the ring against white opponents--and there were plenty by black men--stripped away at the notion of white male social and political authority, a confidence that partly hinged on whites’ racial belief in physical superiority. Whiteness had no value if it could not be proven.
Epilogue
Authors: Moore Louis
Published: July 2018

Since Jess Willard defeated Jack Johnson in 1915 through to Floyd “Money” Mayweather’s retirement in 2015, black fighters have continued to face challenges and obstacles to financial security. The same forces that push black men into the ring--poverty and a quest to assert their manhood in a society that tries to deny black masculinity--remain. But he also wants to be recognized for his manhood beyond the ring. To this end, he tries to take care of his family financially, and he invests his money in businesses or property. But when the fighter receives his earnings, he also buys the things he always wanted, the items that make him stand out in sporting society and give him an air of financial autonomy: cars, clothes, and jewelry.
Divided Loyalties
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Tran
Published: July 2018

This chapter focuses on changes in refugee identity and political power in the post-Cold War era. Often depicted as a period in which all sides but the refugees opted for reconciliation, the 1990s actually saw all sides wishing to save face in exchange for normalized relations. Hanoi had to justify reversing course on the communist revolution, while the United States demanded concessions to avoid the appearance of a second surrender, and the refugees themselves, with little leverage themselves, hoped for democratic reforms. Once normalization became a reality, Vietnamese Americans reacted in multiple ways to fears that globalization would transform Little Saigon into Little Ho Chi Minh City. Ironically, they used their status as US citizens and their high concentration in Orange County to advance exile politics at the local level just as they were losing influence at the national level.
Conclusion
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Tran
Published: July 2018

This short chapter reflects on the limits of an exile identity, especially for two refugee giants, musician Pham Duy and politician Nguyen Cao Ky, whose disavowal of their refugee pasts in exchange for easy entry for them and their children to Vietnam was read by the refugee community as an act of surrender. It also reflects on further efforts in Little Saigon to institutionalize refugee collective, and also new, progressive developments that prove both past and future are far from settled.
The Air of Paris
Authors: Vaillant Derek W.
Published: July 2018

This chapter examines a popular U.S.-distributed English-language radio series produced by the FBS in Paris during the Cold War. Bonjour Mesdames (Hello Ladies) was a talk program dedicated to fashion, lifestyle, and symbolic gender repair of French and U.S. women. Hosted by Marjorie Dunton, the series invited U.S. listeners to support France as consumers, tourists, and self-fulfilling individuals. The program also gave voice to gender unconventionality among the male staff, some of whom voiced their non-conformism on the air. Rife with contradiction in its conservative framing of womanhood and Franco-French ideals of white racial essence on the one hand, and celebration of female agency and self-knowledge on the other, Bonjour Mesdames constitutes a remarkable artifact of U.S.–French gender politics.
The Rise and Fall of Jesse Binga, a Black Chicago Financial Wizard
Authors: Howard Robert
Published: July 2018

The chapter surveys the life and career of Jesse Binga, a prominent local real estate mogul and banker. At the peak of his career, Binga controlled the Binga State Bank (BSB) and built the Binga Arcade Building, a five-story office building in the heart of the 35th and State Street black business district. With the onset of the Great Depression, the Binga State Bank, like many others, began to experience financial difficulties. What made matters worse for Binga were revelations that he apparently embezzled money from the BSB to help keep his financial empire afloat. In the end, the Binga State Bank closed its doors and Binga spent time in prison. His dramatic rise and fall represents a fascinating case study of African American entrepreneurship.
Contested Terrain
Authors: Weems Robert E.
Published: July 2018

This chapter examines the “contested terrain” associated with the founding of Chicago’s Douglass National Bank in 1921. Anthony Overton, one of history’s most prominent African American entrepreneurs, is widely regarded as the founder of the second national bank organized by African Americans. Yet, the evidence indicates that this distinction should go to Pearl W. Chavers, a relatively obscure early twentieth-century black business person. The story of Anthony Overton’s ascent and P.W. Chavers’ descent in the Douglass National Bank’s administrative hierarchy reveals the power of money and influence. It also illuminates the nuances of both group and individual entrepreneur-based strategies for African American economic development.