bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissection of Zona Pellucida of Mouse Embryos in Cryopreservation Protocols by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Sitnikov D. S. , Filatov M. A. , Silaeva Yu. Yu. , Korshunova D. S. , Romashevskiy S. A. , Ilina I. V.
Published: December 2023

Results of cutting the zona pellucida of mouse embryos in cryopreservation protocols by femtosecond laser pulses are presented. The study is aimed to find optimal parameters for laser assisted hatching procedure.
Epsilon-Near-Zero Material based Dual-Polarization On-Chip Electro-Optic Modulator
Authors: Bhowmik Tanmay , Bhowmik Bhairov Kr. , Pandey Pranav Kr. , Kumar Gagan , Sikdar Debabrata
Published: December 2023

We report a coupling-assisted dual-polarization electro-absorption modulator based on epsilon-near-zero material. The proposed device exhibits ∼10 dB extinction ratio for both TM- and TE-mode at 1.55 μm wavelength with 578 fJ/bit energy consumption.
Effective quantum yield of an integrated dipole emitter embedded inside a slab waveguide
Authors: Ibarra Noel , Ditmyer Dominic , Xu Huizhong
Published: December 2023

We study the effective quantum yield of a dipole quantum emitter embedded inside a dielectric slab waveguide and show it is closely correlated with the effective mode area of the modes supported by the waveguide.
Strain-controlled non-classical light source based on cavity coupled quantum dot
Authors: Lee Mireu , Kim Je-Hyung , Ko Young-Ho
Published: December 2023

Scalable quantum photonic architecture requires high quality of nonclassical light sources. To generate highly-efficient light source, we investigate strain-tunable self-assembled quantum dots embedded in a circular bragg grating cavity.
Stochastic Mass-Spring Model for the Generation of Squeezed State of Light
Authors: Hasani Mahmood , Kaatuzian Hassan , Motaharifar Mobin
Published: December 2023

In this paper we propose a mass and spring model inside cavity walls for generation of phase and amplitude squeezed photons and the way we can control the squeezing parameter by our model. we present our numerical analysis and the way modulation on the springs could generate the squeezed light to control stochastic of photon number generation.
Single-sided cavity quantum electrodynamics effects on an optical nanofiber
Authors: Yalla Ramachandrarao , Shafi K. Muhammed , Nayak Kali P
Published: December 2023

We present the single-sided cavity-QED effects for single quantum emitters by combining an asymmetric defect mode grating with an optical nanofiber (ONF). We demonstrate significantly enhanced spontaneous emission into one side of the ONF.
Design of Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Enhanced Sensitive Biosensor For Multiple Cancer Cell Detection
Authors: Ishtiak Khandakar Mohammad , Imam Safayat-Al , Khosru Quazi D. M.
Published: December 2023

We propose an enhanced sensitive multiple cancer cell detectable surface plasmon resonance 2D material-based biosensor compared to other literatures.
Wavelength switchable mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser based on monolayer graphene
Authors: S Sergio Castrillón , Betancur-Pérez Andrés , Zapata J. D.
Published: December 2023

We generate simultaneously polarization-depend mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser based on monolayer graphene at 1557-nm band and 1536-nm with a spectral width of 10.2-nm and 8.2-nm respectively and spectral width of 5.7-nm for the same bands in dual-band configuration.
Unleashing the Potential of Nanoporous Substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Choudharv Riya , Yadav Arti , Srivastava Sachin Kumar
Published: December 2023

Here, we report the improved surface enhanced Raman scattering of nanoporous silver (NPS) as a result of air annealing. A SERS enhancement of ~107 for detection of 10 pM nicotinamide was estimated.
Coherent Dispersive Wave Generation of OAM Mode in Double-ring-core Fiber
Authors: Geng Wenpu , Fang Yuxi , Bao Changjing , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: December 2023

Two dispersive waves (DWs) generation of OAM1,1 mode with coherent spectra can be realized in the designed double-ring-core fiber. The location of the two DWs in the output spectrum matched well with the phase-matching condition.
Machine Learning based Cancer Diagnosis in Polarimetric Imaging
Authors: K M Sindhoora , K U Spandami , U Raghavendra , Rai Sharada , Mahato K K , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Polarized light interacts with healthy and abnormal tissue, revealing structural information linked to pathology. We propose application of machine learning to achieve automated, accurate classification of tissue images acquired from Stokes-Mueller polarization microscope.
Analysis of Aromatic and Terpenic constituents of Black and White Pepper using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Nidhi  , Agarwal Shilpi
Published: December 2023

In this work, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy has been demonstrated for the aromatic and terpenic compounds of black and white pepper. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is simple, easy to use and a rapid method for phytocompound analysis.
A study for the diffraction grating with super-large period (SLP) structure
Authors: Kim Younghun , Lee Yongjae
Published: December 2023

A periodic structural material called grating causes light diffraction. In optics, this property is mainly used for light spectroscopy. In this study, a model of super large period (SLP) grating that can change the shape of light without spectral was proposed and its characteristics were analyzed. In other words, it is a study to implement the shape of a beam using the physical phenomenon of diffraction. This is considered to be another important study in understanding the properties of light and applying it to industry. As a result of this study, it was found that when the grating period of sinusodial Grating, with a surface-relief Grating type was more than 100 μm, it showed the characteristics of the super large period structure. It was found that in such a grating structure, the distribution of diffracted light was linear and showed a pseudo-Gaussian shape as the results of Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulation. In the SLP grating of 100 μm, only the shape of the beam is changed with the same wavelength of incidence light. The above causes were explained by reconstructing the wavevector based on the grating equation that explains the grating diffraction phenomenon in the super large period condition. This k vector is defined as a value of
k
z
m
=k(1−θ
m
2)1/2. By defining this k
zm
value, it was shown that in the case of white light, the wavelength of the diffracted wave is the same as the incident wave and does not change. This was confirmed by the experimental results of wavelength measurement of the halogen lamp.
Interference Between Coherences at 384 THz and 386.1 THz in Rb Observed at 2.1 THz
Authors: Reboli Thomas , Eden J. Gary
Published: December 2023

Interference between coherences established at 384 and 386 THz in atomic Rb (5d5/2- 5p3/2 and 5p3/2-5s1/2, respectively) is observed at the 2.1 THz difference frequency. Interaction between the two coherences is observed in the spectral domain in the form of a Fano resonance, and the characteristics of the coupled oscillator are described.
High Power Tunable Amplifier in KXe
Authors: Kabelitz Kavita Desai , Mironov Andrey E. , Eden J. Gary
Published: December 2023

A KXe amplifier was engineered through excitation of K-Xe collisional pairs. Amplification on the K D1 line along with stimulated electronic and molecular Raman peaks are observed.
Broadband Optical Nonlinear Refraction of Atomically thin Layered Gallium Telluride
Authors: Singha Tara , Kumbhakar Partha , Tiwary Chandra S. , Datta Prasanta K.
Published: December 2023

We performed close aperture Z-scan measurements in femtosecond regime in the spectral range 520-700 nm to study the broadband nonlinear refraction of exfoliated atomically thin 2D gallium telluride. It shows high negative nonlinear refraction coefficients.
Direct frequency comb spectroscopy using serrodyne modulation
Authors: Reschovsky B. J. , Long D. A. , Bresler S. M. , Bao Y. , Hodges J. T. , Lawall J. R. , LeBrun T. W. , Gorman J. J.
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate a novel heterodyne comb spectroscopy scheme where the typical acousto-optic modulator is replaced by a phase modulator driven with a serrodyne signal, enabling improved differential phase noise improvements and facilitating photonic chip integration.
Efficient Generation of Vacuum Ultraviolet Femtosecond Pulses via Four-Wave Mixing
Authors: Forbes Ruaridh , Leterrier Quentin , Hockett Paul , Lausten Rune
Published: December 2023

We experimentally and numerical explore the possibility of efficient generation of femtosecond vacuum ultraviolet pulses using four-wave mixing in gas-filled capillaries.
Mapping the Spatial Mode Profile of a 2D Random Laser by an Optical Stripe Scanning Technique
Authors: Yadav Renu , Mukherjee Sarbojit , Veeraghattam Bhargavi , Guha Prasanta Kumar , Brundavanam Maruthi M. , N. Shivakiran Bhaktha B.
Published: December 2023

A novel, simpler method to map the spatial profile of the modes of a random laser based on scanning the pump beam in two orthogonal directions along the surface of sample has been proposed.
Multichannel Four-Wave Mixing in Cesium Vapor
Authors: Silva Gessiane C.G. , de Miranda I. P. , de Silans T. P. , Lopez J. P.
Published: December 2023

We investigated the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) process in cesium vapor (Cs – 133). Four channels coupled to each other were generated, showing sub-Doppler peaks in the spectra obtained, which are unusual results in FWM for heated atomic vapors.
Comparative Study of Optical Force Models Under Structured Light Illumination
Authors: Paez-Amaya Darby , Guzmán Edgar Alonso , Volke-Sepúlveda Karen , Arzola Alejandro V.
Published: December 2023

There exist several models for calculating the optical forces on dielectric spheres, most of them developed for focused Gaussian beams. We compare the performance and limitations of three models for other kind of structured illumination.
Structure transitions in ordered arrays of point-vortices under different illumination conditions: Far-field analysis
Authors: Ortega Argelia Balbuena , Mellado-Villaseño Gabriel , Volke-Sepúlveda Karen
Published: December 2023

We study the far-field pattern obtained from ordered arrays of point vortices with equal unitary topological charge illuminated by elliptical Gaussian beams. The final vortex distribution exhibit different configurations depending on the initial geometrical parameters.
A Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Self-phase Modulation Effect in a Tapered Single-mode Optical Fiber
Authors: Cheng Tonglei , Chen Xiaoyu , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake
Published: December 2023

Drawing on the effect of self-phase modulation (SPM), a fiber-based temperature sensor is presented in this work by using a polydimethylsiloxane-coated single-mode fiber (SMF) with a tapered structure.
Rabi Oscillations in the Intensity Correlations Between Four-Wave Mixing Signals in a Cold Atomic Sample
Authors: de Almeida A. A. C. , da Motta M. R. L. , Vianna S. S.
Published: December 2023

We report the experimental observation of intensity correlations between two forward four-wave mixing signals generated in a cold rubidium sample and between the transmission signals, with both results exhibiting Rabi oscillations in the cross-correlation curves.
High-Efficiency Si3N4 Grating Coupler with Bottom Bragg Reflector for Micro-Transfer Printed InP Photodiodes
Authors: Bogaert Laurens , Roelkens Gunther
Published: December 2023

We present FDTD simulation results and a corner analysis for the design of Si3N4 grating couplers with embedded amorphous-Si/SiO2 DBR bottom mirror providing up to 99.58% coupling efficiency at 1560nm to micro-transfer printed InP photodiodes.
Entanglement Measurement of Generalized Werner States by Quantum Interferometry
Authors: Rajeev Salini , Lahiri Mayukh
Published: December 2023

We present a novel, quantum interferometric method of measuring entanglement of a family of two-photon mixed states that are obtained by generalizing Werner states. The method does not require detecting one of the photons.
Single-Photon Single-Atom Chiral Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (QED): A Time-Dependent Analysis
Authors: Guo Dingyu , Mirza Imran
Published: December 2023

We investigate the interaction between a single photon and a two-level atom in a waveguide QED setup. Our goal is to calculate the time-dependent probabilities showing the evolution of the system in a transient manner.
Intracavity Laser Absorption-based Vector Magnetic Field Sensing
Authors: Bedford Robert G. , Gottesman Nathan S. , Sevison Gary A. , Fallahi Mahmoud , Wolf Michael , Slocum Michael
Published: December 2023

We present an analysis of optically-detected magnetic resonance read-out in nitrogen vacancies where monitoring laser-intracavity singlet-state absorption improves magnetic-field sensitivity, reduces the diamond volume requirements, and circumvents contrast challenges compared to traditional techniques.
Investigation of Nonlinear Absorption and Nonlinear Refraction Properties of Nb4C3 MXene at 1900 nm
Authors: Lee Kyungtaek , Kwon Suh-young , Choi Jaehak , Ryu Janghyun , Woo Taeho , Jung Junha , Lee Ju Han
Published: December 2023

Nonlinear optical properties of Nb4C3 MXene were experimentally investigated by Z-scan measurements. Estimated nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index were as –(2.52 ± 0.05) × 103 cm/GW and –0.10 ±0.01 cm2/GW at 1900 nm.
Characterization and Engineering of Entangled Spatial modes in Four-wave Mixing
Authors: Nirala Gaurav , Pradyumna Siva T. , Marino Alberto M.
Published: December 2023

We show the presence of a large number of pairwise-entangled spatial modes generated in four-wave mixing by calculating the spatial Schmidt spectrum from the experimentally reconstructed two-photon amplitude. By manipulating the input pump momentum, we demonstrate a modification of the spatial Schmidt modes.
Photo-detection wait time distributions for light from degenerate parametric oscillator
Authors: Vyas Reeta , Morales Bultron Luis F. , Singh Surendra
Published: December 2023

Analytic expressions for conditional and unconditional wait-time distributions for the n-th photo-detection are derived for the light from a degenerate parametric oscillator and subthreshold laser, in the small photon number regime where quantum effects dominate.
Quantum advantage of time-reversed metrology of absorption using two-mode bright squeezed light
Authors: Kamble Mrunal , Wang Jiaxuan , Agarwal Girish S.
Published: December 2023

We show that using two-mode bright squeezed light with a time-reversal detection scheme leads to a high quantum advantage in the estimation of absorption.
EIT-augmented Unbalanced Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Enhanced Sensitivity Frequency Measurement
Authors: Zhu Ruoxi , Zhou Zifan , Li Jinyang , Shahriar Selim
Published: December 2023

We investigated the use of an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer augmented with slow-light-effect induced via electromagnetically induced transparency for enhanced-sensitivity measurement of frequency shift, and demonstrated conditions corresponding to an enhancement factor greater than ten thousand.
Advancing Ultrafast Pulse Frequency Shifting with Elliptical Core Chalcogenide Fiber
Authors: Roy Protik , Chaudhuri Partha Roy
Published: December 2023

Here, we demonstrate the Raman-induced frequency shift of 0.5 µm with 50 cm long fiber. Our findings indicate by manipulating the fiber core cross-section and utilizing highly nonlinear chalcogenide fiber, the RIFS is amplified.
Femtosecond Laser based Post-Processing Free True Random Number Generator
Authors: Sharma Amritash , Paithankar Prasanna , Varshney Shailendra K.
Published: December 2023

We experimentally demonstrate a high-entropy source based on the intensity fluctuation in a femtosecond laser. The setup successfully passes statistical tests without any post-processing. The generator can be potentially used for quantum communication and cryptography.
Loss-enhanced Biphoton Quantum Correlations in Silicon Waveguides
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Venkataraman Vivek , Ghosh Joyee
Published: December 2023

We present a general numerical model to quantify the impact of distributed linear propagation loss and nonlinear absorption losses on the temporal correlations between the paired photons generated in silicon nanowaveguides via spontaneous four-wave mixing.
Photon pairs in 3R-stacked MoS2
Authors: Weissflog Maximilian A. , Fedotova Anna , Tang Yilin , Laudert Benjamin , Abtahi Fatemeh , Shradha Sai , Shinde Saniya , Saravi Sina , Staude Isabelle , Pertsch Thomas , Lu Yuerui , Setzpfandt Frank , Eilenberger Falk
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate photon-pair generation through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in transition metal dichalcogenides, namely 3R-MoS2. By exciting 278nm thick 3R-MoS2 stacks at 788nm, we produce entangled photon-pairs in the telecom wavelength range.
Parametric amplification of a quantum pulse
Authors: Tziperman Offek , Christiansen Victor Rueskov , Mølmer Klaus
Published: December 2023

We present a theory for the transformation of quantum wave packets by parametric amplifiers. We find that input wave packets couple to only two output modes and can be amplified without significant addition of noise.
Quantum-noise-limited optical neural networks using few photons per neuron activation
Authors: Ma Shi-Yuan , Wang Tianyu , Laydevant Jérémie , Wright Logan G. , McMahon Peter L.
Published: December 2023

We pushed the optical energy consumption of optical neural networks to a new regime. Despite dominant quantum noise, we experimentally achieved accurate image classification using 0.008 photons/MAC, demonstrating deterministic machine-learning tasks with ultra-low-power stochastic systems.
Suppression of structural birefringence of plasmonic antennas by epsilon-near-zero layers
Authors: Suresh Sisira , Vaddi Yaswant , Alam M. Zahirul , Córdova-Castro R. Margoth , Upham Jeremy , Boyd Robert
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate that we can significantly suppress the structural birefringence of an asymmetric plasmonic antenna array through the addition of a thin epsilon-near-zero layer. We report a birefringence suppression factor as large as 5.2.
Protection against photonic imperfections
Authors: Bhatt Gaurang R. , Dave Utsav D. , Rodrigues Janderson R. , Zadka Moshe , Datta Ipshita , Asenjo-Garcia Ana , Lipson Michal
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate that subwavelength grating waveguide can provide protection against imperfections that are longer than a wavelength. We measure 3x lower loss due to a ~2.1 μm long imperfection in a subwavelength grating waveguide as compared to a regular continuous waveguide.
Advances in near-infrared methane sensing using antiresonant hollow-core fibers
Authors: Gomółka Grzegorz , Pysz Dariusz , Buczyński Ryszard , Nikodem Michal
Published: December 2023

Fast response all-fiber laser absorption spectroscopy gas sensor design based on multi-segment antiresonant hollow-core fiber is presented. Gas filling time reduction below 5 s is reported with a 5.4-m-long fiber.
Progress Towards a Metasurface-integrated Atomic Magnetometer
Authors: Yang Xuting , Choi Soyeon , Kim Minjeong , Fang Chengyu , Mei Hongyan , Carpenter Steven , Benelajla Meryem , Perlowski Sarah , Czaplewski David A. , Dibos Alan M. , Kats Mikhail A. , Choy Jennifer T.
Published: December 2023

We report our progress towards a metasurface-integrated atomic magnetometer. Numerical simulation and analysis of the magnetometer performance are presented, along with preliminary fabrication and analysis of the effect of fabrication imperfection.
Inverse Design of Plasmonic Nanotweezers based on Nanoapertures with Multiple Resonances
Authors: Nelson Damian , Kim Sejeong , Crozier Kenneth B.
Published: December 2023

We inversely design plasmonic nanoapertures with two resonances that produce strong near-field enhancement across a common nanogap. One could trap and excite a quantum emitter with the first resonance, while enhancing emission with the second.
Generation of squeezed quantum microcomb in an integrated silicon nitride microresonator
Authors: Jahanbozorgi Mandana , Yang Zijiao , Chen Haoran , Wang Beichen , Sun Shuman , Yi Xu
Published: December 2023

We report a squeezed quantum microcomb generated from a silicon nitride microresonator. 70 quantum modes, in the form of 35 two-mode-squeezed comb pairs, are observed. A maximum raw squeezing of 1.1 dB is attained.
Ultra-Low Power, Broad-Spectrum Photodetector Exploiting an Sb2Te3/MoS2 Heterojunction
Authors: Wang Hao , Dong Chaobo , Ye Jiachi , Kang Haoyan , Gui Yaliang , Sorger Volker J. , Dalir Hamed
Published: December 2023

This study presents a novel optoelectronic device employing a strain-tunable MoS2/Sb2Te3 van der Waals p-n heterojunction, designed specifically for efficient photodetection across the visible to near-infrared spectrum.
Preparation, structure, and nonlinear optical properties of Al-CdTe films
Authors: Wang Hecong , Li Xinying , Zhang Lu , Ding Chang , Sun Wenjun
Published: December 2023

Metal-doped semiconductors have attracted a lot of attention due to their favorable properties that can be used in the optical devices field. In this paper, Al-CdTe (ACE) films were prepared by dual-target co-sputtering. By controlling the sputtering power of the DC target to change the content of the Al dopant, it was found that the morphology of the films was slightly changed, the band gap became larger, and the crystalline quality became better. The nonlinear coefficients were measured at 800 nm using the femtosecond (fs) Z-scan technique, and the results were that the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the samples were controlled by Al content, and there was a significant enhancement of the nonlinear coefficients of the ACE films. The results of this study show that ACE films have a promising application in both optoelectronic devices and photodetectors.
Raman Spectroscopy for Identification of Types of Plastics and its Applications
Authors: Fathima Haya , Chakraborty Ishita , Banik Soumyabrata , C Sudeeksha H , Anthony John Kiran , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2023

Given the increased plastic usage and waste generation, measures are being taken to recycle and reuse the plastic. Present study helps us to analyse the chemical composition of these recycled plastics and identify them using Raman spectrograph.
Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light
Authors: Sahu Rishabh , Qiu Liu , Hease William , Arnold Georg , Minoguchi Yuri , Rabl Peter , Fink Johannes
Published: December 2023

We entangled microwave and optical photons for the first time as verified by a measured two-mode vacuum squeezing of 0.7 dB. This electro-optic entanglement is the key resource needed to connect cryogenic quantum circuits.
X-ray polarimetry of the 14.6 Å laser transition in core-ionized neon
Authors: Larsen Kirk A. , on behalf of the LY45 collaboration
Published: December 2023

We present the first polarimetry measurement of the x-ray laser (XRL) formed by core-ionized neon. The polarization of the stimulated Kα emission is measured by imaging photoelectrons generated by the XRL with a co-axial VMI.
Structuring two-photon correlation of entangled field: experimental demonstration
Authors: Prasad Radhika , Wanare Sanjana , Karan Suman , Joshi Mritunjay K. , Bhattacharjee Abhinandan , Jha Anand K.
Published: December 2023

Structured correlations are important for quantum imaging. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method to structure spatial two-photon correlations in the near-field by controlling phase-matching. Entanglement witnessed in the near-field enables these structured two-photon correlations to be useful for entanglement-based applications.
First Results from Attosecond X-Ray Pump-Probe Experiments in Liquids
Authors: Li Shuai , Li Kai , Doumy Gilles , Young Linda , Nienhuis Emily , Pearce Carolyn , Lu Lixin , Li Xiaosong , Moeller Stefan P. , Lin Ming-Fu , Dakovski Georgi , Marineili Ago , Cryan James , Deponte Dan , Santra Robin , Inhester Ludger
Published: December 2023

We report the first attosecond x-ray pump/x-ray probe transient absorption study in liquid water target. Theory establishes the nature of the experimentally detected transient absorption and models the observed signal for sub-femtosecond delay times.
High accuracy calibration method for multi-line structured light three-dimensional scanning measurement system based on grating diffraction
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhou Peng , Yao Chuanwei , Wang Hengyu , Lin Bin
Published: December 2023

Multi-line structured light three-dimensional (3D) scanning measurement system enables to obtain the richer 3D profile data of the object simultaneously during one frame, ensuring high accuracy while structured light is deformed for the modulation by the object. Nevertheless, current calibration methods cannot fully take advantage of its high precision. In this paper, a fast and high-accuracy 3D measurement system based on multi-line lasers with a spatially precise structure via integrating a diffraction grating was proposed. This helps achieve precise calibration results of the light planes by introducing spatial constraint relations of the diffractive light, thus improving measurement accuracy. The operating principle and the workflow of the proposed system were described in detail. The measurement accuracy of the developed prototype was verified through contrastive experiments. At a working distance of 400 mm, the results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed system is 0.083 mm, which is improved by 37.6% compared to the traditional calibration method of light planes for the ranging system. The system utilizing a grating that facilitates the integration of the device has great application value.
Nonreciprocal optomechanically induced transparency and enhanced ground-state cooling in a reversed-dissipation cavity system
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Li Yueqian , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2023

We explore the prospects of phase-modulated optical nonreciprocity and enhanced ground-state cooling of a mechanical resonator for the reversed-dissipation system, where the dissipative coupling between two cavities is realized through the adiabatic elimination of a low-Q mechanical mode, while a high-Q mechanical mode interacts with two mutually coupled cavities, forming a closed-loop structure. This unique system facilitates the nontrivial phenomenon of optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT), which exhibits asymmetry due to the frequency shift effect. We also observe the emergence of parity-dependent unidirectional OMIT windows (appearing under the phase-matching condition), which can be dynamically modulated by both the phase factors and the strength of the dissipative coupling. Furthermore, our study delves into the ground-state cooling effect operating within the reversed-dissipation regime. Intriguingly, the cooling effect can be significantly enhanced by carefully engineering dissipative complex coupling, such as in the phase-matching condition. The potential applications of this scheme extend to the fabrication of ideal optical isolators in optical communication systems and the manipulation of macroscopic mechanical resonators at the quantum level, presenting exciting opportunities in quantum technologies.
Thermoreflectance-based thermometry of silicon thin films with resonantly enhanced temperature sensitivity
Authors: Shi Changxing , Wang Xinchao , Zheng Qifan , Maroske Jan , Thompson Dakotah
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate a thermoreflectance-based thermometry technique with an ultimate temperature resolution of 60 µK in a 2.6 mHz bandwidth. This temperature resolution was achieved using a 532 nm-wavelength probe laser and a ∼1 µm-thick silicon transducer film with a thermoreflectance coefficient of −4.7 × 10−3 K−1 at room temperature. The thermoreflectance sensitivity reported here is over an order-of-magnitude greater than that of metal transducers, and is comparable to the sensitivity of traditional resistance thermometers. Supporting calculations reveal that the enhancement in sensitivity is due to optical interference in the thin film.
Autonomous and non-cell autonomous role of cilia in structural birth defects in mice
Authors: Francis Richard J. B. , San Agustin Jovenal T. , Szabo Rogers Heather L. , Cui Cheng , Jonassen Julie A. , Eguether Thibaut , Follit John A. , Lo Cecilia W. , Pazour Gregory J.
Published: December 2023

Ciliopathies are associated with wide spectrum of structural birth defects (SBDs), indicating important roles for cilia in development. Here, we provide novel insights into the temporospatial requirement for cilia in SBDs arising from deficiency in Ift140, an intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein regulating ciliogenesis. Ift140-deficient mice exhibit cilia defects accompanied by wide spectrum of SBDs including macrostomia (craniofacial defects), exencephaly, body wall defects, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), randomized heart looping, congenital heart defects (CHDs), lung hypoplasia, renal anomalies, and polydactyly. Tamoxifen inducible CAGGCre-ER deletion of a floxed Ift140 allele between E5.5 to 9.5 revealed early requirement for Ift140 in left-right heart looping regulation, mid to late requirement for cardiac outflow septation and alignment, and late requirement for craniofacial development and body wall closure. Surprisingly, CHD were not observed with 4 Cre drivers targeting different lineages essential for heart development, but craniofacial defects and omphalocele were observed with Wnt1-Cre targeting neural crest and Tbx18-Cre targeting epicardial lineage and rostral sclerotome through which trunk neural crest cells migrate. These findings revealed cell autonomous role of cilia in cranial/trunk neural crest-mediated craniofacial and body wall closure defects, while non-cell autonomous multi-lineage interactions underlie CHD pathogenesis, revealing unexpected developmental complexity for CHD associated with ciliopathies.
Protein nanobarcodes enable single-step multiplexed fluorescence imaging
Authors: de Jong-Bolm Daniëlle , Sadeghi Mohsen , Bogaciu Cristian A. , Bao Guobin , Klaehn Gabriele , Hoff Merle , Mittelmeier Lucas , Basmanav F. Buket , Opazo Felipe , Noé Frank , Rizzoli Silvio O.
Published: December 2023

Multiplexed cellular imaging typically relies on the sequential application of detection probes, as antibodies or DNA barcodes, which is complex and time-consuming. To address this, we developed here protein nanobarcodes, composed of combinations of epitopes recognized by specific sets of nanobodies. The nanobarcodes are read in a single imaging step, relying on nanobodies conjugated to distinct fluorophores, which enables a precise analysis of large numbers of protein combinations. Fluorescence images from nanobarcodes were used as input images for a deep neural network, which was able to identify proteins with high precision. We thus present an efficient and straightforward protein identification method, which is applicable to relatively complex biological assays. We demonstrate this by a multicell competition assay, in which we successfully used our nanobarcoded proteins together with neurexin and neuroligin isoforms, thereby testing the preferred binding combinations of multiple isoforms, in parallel.
Exploring the use of a digital therapeutic intervention to support the pediatric cardiac care journey: Qualitative study on clinician perspectives
Authors: Wali Sahr , Remtulla Tharani Alliya , Balmer-Minnes Diana , Cafazzo Joseph A. , Laks Jessica , Jeewa Aamir
Published: December 2023

Pediatric heart disease currently effects over one million infants, children, and adolescents in the United States alone. Unlike the adult population, pediatric patients face a more uncertain path with factors relating to their growth and maturation creating levels of complexity to their care management. With mobile phones increasingly being utilized amongst adolescents, digital therapeutics tools could provide a platform to help patients and families manage their condition. This study explored clinicians’ views on the use of a digital therapeutic program to support pediatric heart disease management. Using the principles from user-centered design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 4 cardiologists, 3 nurse practitioners and 1 cardiology fellow at the Hospital for Sick Children. All interview transcripts underwent inductive thematic analysis using Braun and Clarke’s iterative six-phase approach. To further contextualize the analytic interpretation of the study findings, Eakin and Gladstone’s value-adding approach was used. Five themes were identified: (i) multidisciplinary model of care; (ii) patient care needs change over time; (iii) treatment burden and difficulties in care management; (iv) transition to adulthood; and (v) filling care gaps with digital health. Clinicians valued the opportunity to monitor a patient’s health status in real-time, as it allowed them to modify care regimens on a more preventive basis. However, with adolescent care often varying according to the patient’s age and disease severity, a digital therapeutic program would only be valuable if it was customizable to the patients changing care journey. Digital therapeutic programs can ease the process of self-care for adolescents with heart disease throughout the growth and maturation of their care journey. However, to ensure the sustained use of a program, there is a need to work collaboratively with patients, caregivers, and clinicians to ensure their lived experiences guide the design and delivery of the overall program.
Hybrid use of Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks to discriminate Mycobacterium bovis BCG and other Mycobacteriales
Authors: Macgregor-Fairlie Michael , De Gomes Paulo , Weston Daniel , Rickard Jonathan James Stanley , Goldberg Oppenheimer Pola
Published: December 2023

Even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem and the 2nd biggest infectious cause of death worldwide. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop effective TB diagnostic methods, which are cheap, portable, sensitive and specific. Raman spectroscopy is a potential spectroscopic technique for this purpose, however, so far, research efforts have focused primarily on the characterisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria, neglecting bacteria within the microbiome and thus, failing to consider the bigger picture. It is paramount to characterise relevant Mycobacteriales and develop suitable analytical tools to discriminate them from each other. Herein, through the combined use of Raman spectroscopy and the self-optimising Kohonen index network and further multivariate tools, we have successfully undertaken the spectral analysis of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Rhodoccocus erythropolis. This has led to development of a useful tool set, which can readily discern spectral differences between these three closely related bacteria as well as generate a unique spectral barcode for each species. Further optimisation and refinement of the developed method will enable its application to other bacteria inhabiting the microbiome and ultimately lead to advanced diagnostic technologies, which can save many lives.
Numerical simulation of heat transfer performance of spiral wound heat exchanger under sloshing condition
Authors: Dong Longfei , Dong Congcong , Wu Xiao
Published: December 2023

LNG floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit is a new type of floating production unit developed for offshore natural gas fields. It performs the functions of natural gas extraction, pretreatment, liquefaction, and storage. In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of a spiral-wound heat exchanger were studied using numerical simulations, which provides a basis for equipment selection and structural optimization of spiral-wound heat exchangers. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows. Under land-based simulation conditions, the heat transfer coefficient of the shell side of the spiral-wound heat exchanger decreases with an increase in the winding angle of the heat exchange tube, decreases with an increase in the spacing of the heat exchange tube, and increases with an increase in the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube. When the winding angle increased from 5° to 8°, the heat transfer coefficient decreased by 6.70%. The heat transfer coefficient of the shell side decreased by 13.21% when the heat exchange tube spacing increased from 14 to 17 mm. The heat transfer coefficient of the shell side increased by 22.89% when the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube increased from 9 to 12 mm. When the sloshing angle is constant, the heat transfer coefficient of the spiral-wound heat exchanger decreases with an increase in the winding angle and spacing of the heat exchange tubes, and increases with an increase in the outer diameter of the heat exchange tubes. When the structural parameters of the heat exchanger are constant, the heat transfer coefficient decreases as the sloshing angle increases. When the sloshing angle was less than 3°, the sloshing promoted heat transfer on the shell side. When the sloshing angle was higher than 7°, the heat transfer effect of the shell side deteriorated considerably, which weakened the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. When the sloshing period is constant, the heat transfer coefficient of the wound heat exchanger decreases with an increase in the winding angle and spacing of the heat exchange tubes, and increases with an increase in the outer diameter of the heat exchange tubes. When the structural parameters of the heat exchanger are constant, the heat transfer coefficient increases with sloshing period. When the sloshing period was greater than 15 s, the influence of sloshing on the heat transfer on the shell side of the heat exchanger was relatively weak.
Efficient assessment of brain fog and fatigue: Development of the Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (FACs)
Authors: Elliott Timothy R. , Hsiao Yu-Yu , Randolph Kathleen , Urban Randall J. , Sheffield-Moore Melinda , Pyles Richard B. , Masel Brent E. , Wexler Tamara , Wright Traver J.
Published: December 2023

Debilitating symptoms of fatigue and accompanying “brain fog” are observed among patients with various chronic health conditions. Unfortunately, an efficient and psychometrically sound instrument to assess these co-occurring symptoms is unavailable. Here, we report the development and initial psychometric properties of the Fatigue and Altered Cognition Scale (the FACs), a measure of self-reported central fatigue and brain fog. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was chosen to model and develop the FACs due to research team expertise and established links between TBI and the symptom complex. Potential items were generated by researchers and clinicians with experience treating these symptoms, drawing from relevant literature and review of patient responses to measures from past and current TBI studies. The 20 candidate items for the FACs—ten each to assess altered cognition (i.e., brain fog) and central fatigue–were formatted on an electronic visual analogue response scale (eVAS) via an online survey. Demographic information and history of TBI were obtained. A total of 519 participants consented and provided usable data (average age = 40.23 years; 73% female), 204 of whom self-reported a history of TBI (75% reported mild TBI). Internal consistency and reliability values were calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined the presumed two-factor structure of the FACs and a one-factor solution for comparison. A measurement invariance test of the two latent constructs (altered cognition, fatigue) among participants with and without TBI was conducted. All items demonstrated normal distribution. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated good internal consistency for both factors (α’s = .95). Omega reliability values were favorable (α’s = .95). CFA supported the presumed two-factor model and item loadings which outperformed the one-factor model. Measurement invariance found the two-factor structure was consistent between the two groups. Implications of these findings, study limitations, and potential use of the FACs in clinical research and practice are discussed.
Post-stress changes in the gut microbiome composition in rats with different levels of nervous system excitability
Authors: Shevchenko Alla , Shalaginova Irina , Katserov Dmitriy , Matskova Ludmila , Shiryaeva Natalia , Dyuzhikova Natalia
Published: December 2023

The gut-brain axis is a critical communication system influencing the interactions between the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and the central nervous system (CNS). The gut microbiota plays a significant role in this axis, affecting the development and function of the nervous system. Stress-induced psychopathologies, such as depression and anxiety, have been linked to the gut microbiota, but underlying mechanisms and genetic susceptibility remain unclear. In this study, we examined stress-induced changes in the gut microbiome composition in two rat strains with different levels of nervous system excitability: high threshold (HT strain) and low threshold (LT strain). Rats were exposed to long-term emotional and painful stress using the Hecht protocol, and fecal samples were collected at multiple time points before and after stress exposure. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we assessed the qualitative and quantitative changes in the gut microbiota. Our results revealed distinct microbial diversity between the two rat strains, with the HT strain displaying higher diversity compared to the LT strain. Notably, under prolonged stress, the HT strain showed an increase in relative abundance of microorganisms from the genera Faecalibacterium and Prevotella in fecal samples. Additionally, both strains exhibited a decrease in Lactobacillus abundance following stress exposure. Our findings provide valuable insights into the impact of hereditary nervous system excitability on the gut microbiome composition under stress conditions. Understanding the gut-brain interactions in response to stress may open new avenues for comprehending stress-related psychopathologies and developing potential therapeutic interventions targeted at the gut microbiota. However, further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying these changes and their implications for stress-induced disorders. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the gut-brain axis and its significance in stress-related neurobiology.
COVID-19’s impact on worker stress in human service organizations: The mediating role of inclusion
Authors: Calderón-Orellana Magdalena , Aparicio Andrés , López–Huenante Nicolás
Published: December 2023

Human service organizations faced extraordinary challenges due to COVID-19. Despite the increasing interest and research in this new scenario, there has been limited discussion about the impact of COVID-19 on workers, the challenges they faced, and the resulting stress. This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on work-related stress and the mediating role of inclusion among workers in human service organizations in Chile during the pandemic. The research design was quantitative and involved a sample of 173 workers from civil society organizations who were contacted during the pandemic. The study confirmed that individuals most affected by the pandemic experienced higher levels of work-related stress, and that inclusion played a negative mediating role in this relationship. This article highlights the importance of relationships, decision-making processes, and access to information in reducing stress in post-COVID scenarios for organizations that traditionally handle crises.
Functional and biochemical characterization of the Toxoplasma gondii succinate dehydrogenase complex
Authors: Silva Mariana F. , Douglas Kiera , Sandalli Sofia , Maclean Andrew E. , Sheiner Lilach
Published: December 2023

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) is a series of membrane embedded enzymatic complexes critical for energy conversion and mitochondrial metabolism. In commonly studied eukaryotes, including humans and animals, complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), is an essential four-subunit enzyme that acts as an entry point to the mETC, by harvesting electrons from the TCA cycle. Apicomplexa are pathogenic parasites with significant impact on human and animal health. The phylum includes Toxoplasma gondii which can cause fatal infections in immunocompromised people. Most apicomplexans, including Toxoplasma, rely on their mETC for survival, yet SDH remains largely understudied. Previous studies pointed to a divergent apicomplexan SDH with nine subunits proposed for the Toxoplasma complex, compared to four in humans. While two of the nine are homologs of the well-studied SDHA and B, the other seven have no homologs in SDHs of other systems. Moreover, SDHC and D, that anchor SDH to the membrane and participate in substrate bindings, have no homologs in Apicomplexa. Here, we validated five of the seven proposed subunits as bona fide SDH components and demonstrated their importance for SDH assembly and activity. We further find that all five subunits are important for parasite growth, and that disruption of SDH impairs mitochondrial respiration and results in spontaneous initiation of differentiation into bradyzoites. Finally, we provide evidence that the five subunits are membrane bound, consistent with their potential role in membrane anchoring, and we demonstrate that a DY motif in one of them, SDH10, is essential for complex formation and function. Our study confirms the divergent composition of Toxoplasma SDH compared to human, and starts exploring the role of the lineage-specific subunits in SDH function, paving the way for future mechanistic studies.
A polémica sobre a disciplina ‘Cidadania e Desenvolvimento’
Authors: Pinto Manuel , Pereira Sara , Navio Catarina , Fillol Joana
Published: December 2023

Cidadania e Desenvolvimento é uma disciplina autónoma e obrigatória nos 2.º e 3.º ciclos do Ensino Básico desde o ano letivo 2018/2019, assumindo-se como uma componente curricular transversal no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário. Desde que foi implementada, a disciplina tem gerado alguma controvérsia, quer pela sua obrigatoriedade, quer pelos temas que propõe abordar. Em 2020, uma família de Famalicão, invocando o direito à objeção de consciência, impediu os seus dois filhos adolescentes de frequentarem as aulas de CeD. O caso ganhou maior atenção mediática com a publicação, nesse mesmo ano, de dois manifestos assinados por várias personalidades públicas. O primeiro pedia o fim da obrigatoriedade da disciplina e a liberdade de escolha dos pais; o segundo defendia a sua obrigatoriedade. Estes acontecimentos, e a polémica associada, foram objeto de discussão por parte da opinião pública e dos media. O presente estudo pretende analisar a cobertura mediática deste caso a partir de seis jornais nacionais (DN, JN, Observador, Público, Correio da Manhã e Expresso), nas suas versões impressas e online, entre 01 a 30 de setembro 2020, período de maior visibilidade e discussão pública. A partir da análise de 148 peças recolhidas, o estudo ajuda a perceber as visões de escola e de educação que estão em confronto nesta troca de argumentos e a forma como os diferentes media se posicionaram neste debate.