bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare pathology that mimics lung cancer: IgG4‐related vasculitis
Authors: Sener Coskun Ardan , Alpaydın Aylin Ozgen , Kılınc Oguz
Published: October 2024

Immunoglobulin‐G4 (IgG4)‐related disease is essentially a fibro‐inflammatory disease that can affect any organ simultaneously or at different times. The disease usually presents with organ growth that mimics a tumour and can affect the lacrimal glands, major salivary glands, pancreas, bile ducts, retroperitoneal area, lungs, kidneys, aorta, meninges and thyroid gland. The immunopathogenesis behind this new disease has not yet been elucidated. Histopathological distinguishing features of the disease include dense lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates dominated by IgG4 positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis. The likelihood of developing with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4‐RD) is a recently identified rare systemic fibroinflammatory disease with an estimated incidence of less than 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. We present our case, which was diagnosed with IGG4‐related vasculitis by lung fine needle aspiration biopsy, which is very rare in the literature.
A Leverage Points Framework To Manage Changes in River Health
Authors: Gittins Joshua R. , Picken Jessica , Dajka Jan‐Claas
Published: October 2024

River health worldwide has deteriorated throughout the past century due to human activity, jeopardising biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health. Restoration efforts to curve this decline range from localised in‐channel modifications to river basin‐scale stakeholder engagement aimed to facilitate adaptive management. To address this challenge, it is necessary to view rivers as social‐ecological systems which include a set of feedbacks between human systems and river ecosystems. It is then possible to use a ‘systems thinking’ approach to identify key leverage points to enable widespread improvements to river health. Donella Meadows' leverage points framework categorises interventions based on their potential in achieving transformative change and the feasibility of being able to take action. By applying this framework, we provide insight into how transformative change can be leveraged to support river restoration, with a focus on catchment‐scale dynamics, specifically in the UK. Our analysis reveals a misalignment between active (i.e., in‐situ restoration) and passive (i.e., governance and societal support) restoration due to governance, social design, and the underlying societal values. We propose two scenarios to leverage greater restoration efforts: (i) top‐down governance changes to emphasise the societal value of natural ecosystems, and (ii) bottom‐up initiatives to alter societal values around restoration and influence governance. The latter, by proximising the benefits of reinstating natural processes. However, the clash of simultaneously operating restoration and conservation paradigms was shown to hinder progress, highlighting the need for empirical research to further understand active and passive restoration dynamics. It is essential that these interactions are explored further to leverage effective restoration strategies to improve river health.
Sustainable urban development and mobility. The role of spatial heterogeneity in sustainable trip patterns
Authors: Urrutia‐Mosquera Jorge , Cortés Yasna , Flórez‐Calderón Luz , Lufín Marcelo
Published: October 2024

This paper evaluates how differences in the conditions of sustainable urban development achieved by different sectors in the metropolitan region of Santiago de Chile are generators of spatial heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity in space affects travel patterns in sustainable modes. For it, the state of progress in urban sustainability is measured in terms of urban sustainability indicators and accessibility to basic urban facilities, identifies the main shortcomings in terms of basic urban facilities that affect the use of sustainable modes of travel and shows which of the city communes require more significant interventions in terms of infrastructure and urban facilities. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is estimated to measure and determine how spatial heterogeneity impacts trips in sustainable modes. The results show remarkable differences in sustainable urban development and access to urban facilities between the more affluent and the less favoured sectors. The GWR parameters suggest that the different levels of urban facilities available in each area are the primary source of spatial heterogeneity and are a critical factor in the number of trips made by active modes and public transport.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity of a Novel TiO2/g‐C3N4/CuFe2O4 Nanocomposite in Degradation Amoxicillin, Chlorpyrifos and Methylene Blue
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Pandurangan , Shanmugavelan Poovan , Muthu Mareeswaran Paulpandian , Yuvakkumar Rathinam , Nehru Selvan
Published: October 2024

A novel TiO2/g‐C3N4/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite is synthesized via a wet impregnation process and has been evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants such as Amoxicillin (Antibiotic), Chlorpyrifos (Pesticide), and Methylene blue (Dye) under dark and visible light conditions in water. The synthesis and its photocatalytic characterization of nanocomposite are analyzed using XRD, FT‐IR, HR‐SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, UV‐Vis, DRS, PL, BET, EIS, VSM, and ESR analysis. Among the various organic pollutants analyzed using TiO2/g‐C3N4/CuFe2O4 to serve as a photocatalyst, the degradation of MB pollutant was significantly greater (99.5 %, k=0.0533 min−1) in comparison to the degradation of the AMX (97.6 %, k=0.0346 min−1) and CPF (97.3 %, k=0.0340 min−1) during visible light irradiation for a period of 90 minutes. The recyclability is validated over three cycles, displayed its stability with 76 % degradation of pollutants and the photocatalyst is also easily separated using a simple magnet for further recycling study. As observed in the results of ESR, the formation of O2 significantly accelerated the superoxide radical generation during the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, enhancing degradation efficiency. It is worth highlighting that the remarkable degradation efficacy, stability and reusability exhibited by the synthesised nanocomposite prove advantageous for subsequent applications.
Synthesis of Vanillin and Guaiacol through [Hmim]Tf2N Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Lignin‐Directed Pyrolysis at Low Temperature and Voltage
Authors: Qu Guangfei , Zhang Yun , Li Junyan , Li Zhishuncheng
Published: October 2024

Significant attention has been devoted to using biomass as a renewable resource to address the energy crisis and mitigate environmental pollution. Biomass, a potential substitute for fossil fuels, contains a substantial amount of lignin, ranging from 10 % to 25 %. Hence, it is crucial to research lignin depolymerization. In this study, the use of electrochemically catalyzed ionic liquids enabled the cracking of lignin at low temperatures. Specifically, by applying a low voltage at 230 °C, the controlled generation of vanillin and guaiacol was achieved. The concentration of vanillin in the depolymerized lignin reached 88.54 % under 3 V conditions. Similarly, it is presumed that the yield of guaiacol at 4 V is 48.24 %. These findings have significant implications for the targeted management of lignin depolymerization byproducts. Ultimately, this project establishes a framework for the high‐value utilization of biomass and provides new perspectives on addressing the energy problem and environmental degradation.
Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of Novel 4H‐Chromene‐7‐Azaindole‐1,2,3‐Triazole Hybrids
Authors: Kashetti Vaeshnavi , Krishna Vanga Murali , Chevula Kishan , Kuchana Vinutha , Manga Vijjulatha
Published: October 2024

A novel library of 4H‐chromene‐7‐azaindole‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids (6 a‐n) utilizing 1‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbaldehyde, 5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione and malononitrile as precursors involving multicomponent synthesis and click chemistry reactions. The title compounds were screened for their invitro anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), human cervical cancer (HeLa) and prostate cancer (DU‐145) cells by using Doxorubicin as standard reference. The activities of all compounds could be more effecting against HeLa cells. Compound 6 g with 3‐nitro substitution on phenyl ring displayed outstanding activity against all three cell lines with IC50 value of 6.67±0.39 μM (MCF‐7), 4.49±0.32 μM (HeLa) and 10.38±0.42 μM (DU‐145) than reference drug. The compound 6 h with methyl group in ortho position of phenyl ring showed best activity with IC50 value of 7.32±0.62 μM, 6.87±0.33 μM and 15.40±0.60 μM against MCF‐7, HeLa and DU‐145 cells respectively. Performed molecular docking study against crystal structure of EGFR obtained favorable binding interactions showing consistency with experimental results.
Electron Spin Polarization and Memory Effect in Supramolecular Gel Exclusively From Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Nakka Nagaraju , Garg Rabia , Bisht Pravesh Singh , Mondal Amit Kumar
Published: October 2024

Chirality has been identified as a crucial component in achieving high spin selectivity in organic polymers and π‐conjugated molecules. In particular, chiral polymers and supramolecular structures have emerged as promising candidates for spin filtering due to the chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, the CISS effect in supramolecular systems has not been extensively investigated, despite its potential for applications in spintronics. In this work, for the first time, the potential applications of the CISS effect in supramolecular gel materials and shed light on its untapped possibilities have been successfully explored. The ability of supramolecular gel exclusively made from achiral building blocks to selectively filter electron's spin through the symmetry breaking has been demonstrated. Furthermore, this study shows that their spin filtering efficacy can be improved by using chiral solvents. More importantly, the CISS effect has been employed to explore a novel phenomenon referred to as the “spin memory effect”, where the desired spin information is preserved by retaining the helicity even in the absence of the chiral solvent. These findings underscore the immense potential for spintronics applications that rely solely on achiral components, thereby paving the way for new possibilities in device design and functionality.
Thermally Stable High‐Entropy Layered Double Hydroxides for Advanced Catalysis
Authors: Deng Chang , Liu Ruoyu , Wu Peiwen , Wang Tao , Xi Shibo , Tao Duanjian , He Qian , Chao Yanhong , Zhu Wenshuai , Dai Sheng
Published: October 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), especially high‐entropy LDHs (HE‐LDHs), have gained increasing attention. However, HE‐LDHs often possess poor thermal stability, restricting their applications in thermo‐catalysis. Herein, a novel complexing nucleation method is proposed for engineering HE‐LDHs with enhanced thermal stability. This approach precisely controls the nucleation of metal ions with different solubility products, achieving homogeneous nucleation and effectively mitigating phase segregation and transformation at elevated temperatures. The prepared HE‐LDH sample demonstrated exceptional thermal stability at temperatures up to 300 °C, outperforming all previously reported LDHs. Importantly, these HE‐LDHs preserve both Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites, enabling the 100% removal of aromatic sulfides and alkaline nitrogen compounds from fuel oils in thermo‐catalytic oxidation reactions. Experimental and characterization findings reveal that the metal‐hydroxide bonds in the prepared HE‐LDHs are strengthened by associated hydroxyl groups, inducing negative thermal expansion and augmenting the presence of acidic sites, thereby ensuring structural stability and enhancing catalytic activity. This study not only proposes a strategy for engineering HE‐LDHs with remarkable thermal stability but also highlights potential applications of LDHs in thermo‐catalysis.
CoFe Oxides‐Coated 2D Black Phosphorus for Flame‐Retardant Nanocoatings with Tunable Mechanical Strength and Efficient Elimination of Toxic Gases
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang , Li Huan , Miao Xuyang , Kang Ning , Sheng Youjie , Xu Zhoumei , Fu Zhihao , Xu Mingjun , Zong Ruowen , Lu Shouxiang
Published: October 2024

2D black phosphorus (BP) degrades irreversibly into phosphate compounds under ambient conditions, which limits its application in a variety of fields. In this study, by coating amorphous ferric‐cobalt oxides (CoFeO) on BP nanosheets, a multifunctional CoFeO@2D BP is successfully developed that effectively inhibited combustion and catalyzed CO oxidation to eliminate toxic gases. Strong affinity between transition‐metal cations and BP allowed the uniform growth of amorphous ferric‒cobalt oxides on the BP surface, which effectively prevented the spontaneous degradation of 2D BP. By combining CoFeO@2D BP with gelatin and kosmotropic salts, the as‐obtained nanocoatings are used for surface treatment of flammable polyurethane foam (PU). Kosmotropic ions induced strong hydrophobic interactions and bundling within the gelatin chains which significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of the PU. BP accelerates the carbonization of gelatin to inhibit the combustion of PU, and CoFe oxides, which act as true active centers to accelerate the oxidation of CO, effectively inhibiting the production of harmful gas. The release rate of CO decreases by 73% and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increases from 17% to ≈32% during PU combustion. The developed novel 2D material opens the way for multifunctional coatings with integrated durability, flame retardancy, and high smoke suppression efficiency.
Integrating Metabolic RNA Labeling‐Based Time‐Resolved Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing with Spatial Transcriptomics for Spatiotemporal Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaoyong , Lin Shichao , You Honghai , Chen Jinyuan , Wu Qiaoyi , Yin Kun , Lin Fanghe , Zhang Yingkun , Song Jia , Ding Chenyu , Kang Dezhi , Yang Chaoyong
Published: October 2024

Metabolic RNA labeling‐based time‐resolved single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) has provided unprecedented tools to dissect the temporal dynamics and the complex gene regulatory networks of gene expression. However, this technology fails to reveal the spatial organization of cells in tissues, which also regulates the gene expression by intercellular communication. Herein, it is demonstrated that integrating time‐resolved scRNA‐seq with spatial transcriptomics is a new paradigm for spatiotemporal analysis. Metabolic RNA labeling‐based time‐resolved Well‐TEMP‐seq is first applied to profile the transcriptional dynamics of glioblastoma (GBM) cells and discover two potential pathways of EZH2‐mediated mesenchymal transition in GBM. With spatial transcriptomics, it is further revealed that the crosstalk between CCL2+ malignant cells and IL10+ tumor‐associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment through an EZH2‐FOSL2‐CCL2 axis contributes to the mesenchymal transition in GBM. These discoveries show the power of integrative spatiotemporal scRNA‐seq to elucidate the complex gene regulatory mechanism and advance the understanding of cellular processes in disease.
Performance of Zigzag Photovoltaic Noise Barriers near a Belgian Highway
Authors: Bouguerra Sara , De Jong Richard , Le Philip , Di Giusto Fabio , Colberts Fallon , Kaaya Ismail , Kyranaki Nikoleta , Casasola Paesa Marta , Deckers Elke , Morlier Arnaud , Daenen Michaël
Published: October 2024

Herein, the energy performance of photovoltaic noise barriers (PVNBs) with cassette and shingles built‐on designs is evaluated using imec's energy yield framework. The simulation is validated through on‐site electrical and thermal measurements, and then the same design is employed for a case study near E19 road in Belgium using different scenarios. To optimize the energy yield, variations in the noise barrier height, orientation, and PV module tilt are introduced. The energy yield is then simulated to identify the optimal combination of parameters to maximize energy production. The results show that the cassette built‐on PVNB with fixed cassette distance provides higher energy yield throughout the year compared to other scenarios, and a low‐rise noise barrier is more energy‐efficient due to reduced shading effects. Sound pressure simulation conducted in COMSOL reveals that the cassette built‐on and shingles built‐on have comparable performance in sound reduction, and high‐rise noise barriers with small tilts (20°–40°) are optimal for sound pressure attenuation.
An evolutionary mixed variational problem with time‐dependent Tresca friction arising from multi‐layer viscoelastic contact systems
Authors: Zhang Zhizhuo , Barboteu Mikaël , Nie Xiaobing , Cao Jinde
Published: October 2024

Based on the actual mechanical characteristics of asphalt pavement, a type of multi‐layer viscoelastic contact system (MLVECS) with time‐dependent interlayer contact conditions is proposed. Then, based on the specific problem, a class of abstract evolutionary mixed variational problems is proposed, and the existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence, and boundedness of its solutions are systematically studied. Finally, based on the theoretical research results mentioned above, the relevant properties of the solution of the mixed variation formulation corresponding to MLVECS were verified. This verification provides a solid theoretical foundation for the application of this mathematical model in pavement mechanics research.
Uncoupled thermoelasticity problem for a finite rectangular composite
Authors: Sheng Huang , Vaysfeld Natalya , Zhuravlova Zinaida
Published: October 2024

The stretching of a composite specimen taking into account temperature influence is modelled in terms of tensile stress applied at the opposite boundaries of the elastic rectangular domain. Two other boundaries are supposed to be fixed, it allows to formulate the stated problem as a boundary value problem. The analytical solution is realized with the help of the integral transform method. According to it, the problem is reduced to the one‐dimensional non‐homogeneous ordinary differential equations with corresponding boundary conditions in the transform's domain. The apparatus of Green's matrix‐function was applied to solve it. It let to the system of two singular integral equations, which was solved with the help of orthogonal polynomials method. The final formulae for displacements and stress were used to analyze the stress state of the rectangular elastic specimen. Obtained numerical results were compared with some experimental data for the stretching rectangular ceramic specimen.
Introduction to Ranaviruses: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Chinchar V. Gregory , Gray Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

Since the first edition of Ranaviruses: Lethal Pathogens of Ectothermic Vertebrates in 2015, an increasingly large number of studies focused on the biology and ecology of ranaviruses and other related genera within the family Iridoviridae have been conducted. Indicative of continuing interest in this virus family, a PubMed search, covering the 8 years from 2015 to 2023 and using “iridovirus, ranavirus, and megalocytivirus” as keywords, identified about as many papers published in those 8 years (916) as in the preceding 60-year period (1187). In view of this growing interest, this updated and expanded edition will focus primarily on findings reported since the first edition.
Ranavirus Distribution and Host Range
Authors: Marschang Rachel E. , Meddings Jonathan I. , Waltzek Thomas B. , Hick Paul , Allender Matthew C. , Wirth Wytamma , Duffus Amanda L. J.
Published: October 2024

Ranaviruses are globally distributed pathogens in amphibian, fish, and reptile communities that appear to be emerging. Cases of ranavirus infection or disease have been confirmed in at least 177 amphibian species (25 families), 49 fish species (25 families), and 37 reptile species (17 families). Transmission of individual strains between animal classes has been documented. While ranaviruses are frequently associated with mass die-offs, host susceptibility differs among species, with some species harboring subclinical infections and likely serving as reservoirs for the virus and other highly susceptible species amplifying the virus. Currently, there are seven recognized species of ranavirus, with stark differences in pathogenicity between strains and hosts. Several strains among these species have been named, and changes in taxonomy in this genus can lead to some confusion. Frog virus 3 is the best studied species of the genus Ranavirus and appears to be the most globally distributed species, with viruses of this species infecting ectothermic vertebrates across three vertebrate classes. International commerce involving infected ectothermic vertebrates undoubtedly has contributed to the global distribution, diversity, and emergence of ranaviruses. Herein, we describe the global distribution of ranaviruses in amphibians, fish, and reptiles, host range of the different Ranavirus species, the implications of interclass transmission, and the impact of trade on ranavirus distribution. The Global Ranavirus Reporting System (GRRS), which documents global detections of ranaviruses, is also presented.
Impact of Architecture(s)
Authors: Čeko Andrea , Crapolicchio Martina , Gugliotta Rossella
Published: October 2024

The word impact in research highlights the evidence, the results or consequences of a study on some specific contextual factors. There are many other definitions of impact, such as the one used by the University of Scotland to highlight its contribution to the areas of “Innovation, Architecture and Design”. The report presents the impact as benefits to people as architecture and design stakeholders. On the other hand, the AIA (The American Institute of Architects) asserts that research related to the built environment is underfunded, considering its impact on the economy, human condition, and society at large.
Bridging Methods and Disciplines: An Architectural Pedagogy for Rural Areas Community
Authors: Sartorio Stefano
Published: October 2024

Architectural pedagogy in rural areas necessitates a thoughtful consideration of both methodological and disciplinary approaches within the educational process. Is it enough to define the way of teaching Architecture as a method or as a discipline? In a constantly changing world, facing multiple fragile conditions (e.g., environmental crisis, social disparities, demographic changes), the way of teaching, and learning, architecture shall consider over-coming this narrow boundary. An effective balance between method and discipline is needed, where architectural pedagogy should be responsive to the variations of fragile territories and communities. This capability enables students and rural communities involved to develop more sensitivity to context, recognizing which design solutions are best tailored to their realities. Inner areas, for instance, which suffer from constant depopulation and lack of connection, though rich in historical/natural heritage, are entangled in a complex multiplicity of design scenarios. Especially in Italy, whose territory is 60% made of inner areas [1], this condition should be approached by universities for the architects of the future. Moreover, architectural pedagogy in rural areas should carefully consider the interplay between method and discipline as a participatory; a community-oriented method allows the co-creation of contextually relevant solutions within the educational process of teaching architecture. The contribution proposes a view on this challenge, in which architectural education has a profound role in shaping a desirable future, starting from the ongoing experiences developed in some inner areas case studies, such as the one of Vione (Valle Camonica, Lombardy) and of Morino (Valle Roveto, Abruzzo).
Walking-dilaton hybrid inflation with B − L Higgs embedded in dynamical scalegenesis
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang He-Xu , Matsuzaki Shinya , Ishida Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We propose a hybrid inflationary scenario based on eight-flavor hidden QCD with the hidden colored fermions being in part gauged under U(1)B−L. This hidden QCD is almost scale-invariant, so-called walking, and predicts the light scalar meson (the walking dilaton) associated with the spontaneous scale breaking, which develops the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) type potential as the consequence of the nonperturbative scale anomaly, hence plays the role of an inflaton of the small-field inflation. The U(1)B−L Higgs is coupled to the walking dilaton inflaton, which is dynamically induced from the so-called bosonic seesaw mechanism. We explore the hybrid inflation system involving the walking dilaton inflaton and the U(1)B−L Higgs as a waterfall field. We find that observed inflation parameters tightly constrain the U(1)B−L breaking scale as well as the walking dynamical scale to be ~ 109 GeV and ~ 1014 GeV, respectively, so as to make the waterfall mechanism worked. The lightest walking pion mass is then predicted to be around 500 GeV. Phenomenological perspectives including embedding of the dynamical electroweak scalegenesis and possible impacts on the thermal leptogenesis are also addressed.
G2 mirrors from Calabi-Yau mirrors
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Dadhley Richie
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study the worldsheet CFTs of type II strings on compact G2 orbifolds obtained as quotients of a product of a Calabi-Yau threefold and a circle. For such models, we argue that the Calabi-Yau mirror map implies a mirror map for the associated G2 varieties by examining how anti-holomorphic involutions behave under Calabi-Yau mirror symmetry. The mirror geometries identified by the worldsheet CFT are consistent with earlier proposals for twisted connected sum G2 manifolds.
Surface energy and elementary excitations of the XYZ spin chain with integrable open boundary fields
Authors: Xin Zhirong , Cao Junpeng , Yang Wen-Li , Wang Yupeng
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study the thermodynamic limit of the anisotropic XYZ spin chain with non-diagonal integrable open boundary conditions. Although the U(1)-symmetry is broken, by using the new parametrization scheme, we exactly obtain the surface energy and the excitation energy of the system, which has solved the difficulty in the inhomogeneous T − Q relation. With the boundary parameters in the regions making the Hamiltonian Hermitian, we have obtained the distribution patterns of the zeros of the eigenvalue of the transfer matrix for the ground state and the excited ones. We find that the surface and excitation energies depend on the parities of sites number N, due to the long-range Neel order in the bulk. The easy-axis and thermodynamic limit for all the regions of boundary parameters are studied. We also obtain the physical quantities in the thermodynamic limit of boundary XXZ model by taking the trigonometric limit.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die stationäre Dermatochirurgie in Deutschland
Authors: Balakirski Galina , Assaf Chalid , Dippel Edgar , Fröhlich Anne , Kofler Lukas , Kreuter Alexander , Kunte Christian , Hartmann Daniela , Hofmann Silke C. , Horn Thomas , Neubert Thorsten , Pumnea Teodora , Schmitt Laurenz , Yazdi Amir S. , Löser Christoph R.
Published: October 2024

Einleitung

Aktuell existieren nur wenige Daten über die Beeinträchtigung der stationären dermatochirurgischen Versorgung in deutschen Hautkliniken durch die COVID-19-Pandemie.

Methoden

Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung aller dermatochirurgischen Fälle, die in den Jahren 2019, 2020 und 2021 in 9 deutschen Hautkliniken in 4 Bundesländern stationär behandelt wurden. Die Diagnosen wurden anhand der ICD-10-Codes erfasst. Zusätzlich wurden demografische Daten wie Alter und Geschlecht sowie die stationäre Verweildauer ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

In den Jahren 2019, 2020 und 2021 wurden jeweils 10.739, 9185 und 9828 dermatochirurgische Patienten stationär behandelt. Somit betrug die Reduktion der stationären dermatochirurgischen Fälle im Jahr 2020 14,5 % und im Jahr 2021 8,5 % im Vergleich zum Jahr 2019. Die stationäre operative Versorgung der Melanome ging im Jahr 2020 um 10,1 % der Fälle zurück. Im Jahr 2021 betrug dieser Rückgang nur noch 1,4 % im Vergleich zum Jahr 2019. Die stationäre operative Versorgung benigner Veränderungen wie Melanozytennävi oder Viruswarzen zeigte in beiden Pandemiejahren eine starke Regression.

Diskussion

Unsere Daten erfassen erstmalig und repräsentativ die Entwicklung der stationären Versorgung des gesamten dermatochirurgischen Erkrankungsspektrums im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland. Nach dem initial starken Rückgang der stationären dermatochirurgischen Fälle im Jahr 2020 zeigte sich im Jahr 2021 eine geringere Differenz zu 2019. Diese Tendenz kann als Hinweis gedeutet werden, dass für eine stationäre dermatochirurgische Versorgung weiterhin ein starker Bedarf besteht, der bis dato ambulant nicht aufgefangen werden kann.
Elements in Invasive Redclaw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Pose Human Health Risks in the Largest Floodplain System of South Africa
Authors: Erasmus Johannes H. , Malherbe Wynand , Smit Nico J. , Wepener Victor
Published: October 2024

The Australian redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, has been introduced globally for aquacultural purposes, and invasive wild populations have established in several countries. An increase in population growth, has caused several low-income and rural communities to utilise it as an inexpensive protein source. Despite this introduction, limited research has been done on element accumulation, and the risks for human consumption. This study focused on elemental accumulation in C. quadricarinatus from two rivers in the Phongolo River Floodplain (PRF), South Africa. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risks associated with its consumption were calculated. The accumulation order in the PRF was Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Ni > Hg > Cd. Elevated concentrations of As and Hg, as well as As, Cr, and Ni posed non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. These results highlight that wild populations of C. quadricarinatus not only pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems but also potentially cause human health risks when consumed.
Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles against porcine circovirus type 2 viral-like particles
Authors: Klangprapan Jutapak , Sudjarwo Wisnu Arfian A. , Lieberzeit Peter A. , Choowongkomon Kiattawee
Published: October 2024

PCV2 is a significant epidemic agricultural pathogen that causes a variety of swine diseases. PCV2 infections have significant economic impact on the swine industry, making effective strategies for rapid detection of PCV2 in pigs essential. Herein, we report on the synthesis of the so-called nano-MIPs which can be utilized for molecular recognition of PCV2. The morphology and structure of nano-MIPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nano-MIPs are spherical with sizes around 120–150 nm. Binding experiments demonstrate that the fluorescence intensity of PCV2 samples decreases proportionally to increasing the concentration of nano-MIPs due to quenching, while non-imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nano-NIPs) do not affect the signal. The Stern–Volmer constant of nano-MIPs binding to PCV2 was 1.3 × 10−3 mL/µg, whereas nano-NIPs led to 7 × 10−5 mL/µg, i.e., 1.8 orders of magnitude lower. The detection limit for binding MIP particles to PCV2 by fluorescence measurements is 47 µg/mL. This affinity test allows for designing both direct and competitive quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) assays for PCV2 leading to QCM measurements. The QCM results show nano-MIPs binding to PCV2 immobilized on the sensor surface with appreciable reproducibility. QCM sensor characteristics reveal signal saturation above around 200 µg/mL at a response of − 354 Hz and an LOD of approximately 35 µg/mL. Nano-MIPs also show selectivity factors of 2–5 for CSFV and PRRSV probably because the three viruses have similar diameters around 50 nm.

Graphical Abstract
EANM/SNMMI guideline/procedure standard for [18F]FDG hybrid PET use in infection and inflammation in adults v2.0
Authors: Abikhzer Gad , Treglia Giorgio , Pelletier-Galarneau Matthieu , Buscombe John , Chiti Arturo , Dibble Elizabeth H. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Palestro Christopher J. , Sathekge Mike , Signore Alberto , Jamar Francois , Israel Ora , Gheysens Olivier
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Hybrid [18F]FDG PET imaging is currently the method of choice for a wide variety of infectious and inflammatory disorders and was recently adopted in several clinical guidelines. A large amount of evidence-based articles, guidelines and appropriate use criteria have been published since the first version of this guideline in 2013.

Purpose

To provide updated evidence-based information to assist physicians in recommending, performing and interpreting hybrid [18F]FDG PET examinations for infectious and inflammatory disorders in the adult population.

Methods

A systematic literature search of evidence-based articles using whole-body [18F]FDG hybrid imaging on the indications covered within this guideline was performed. All systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the last 10 years until January 2023 were identified in PubMed/Medline or Cochrane. For each indication covered in this manuscript, diagnostic performance was provided based on meta-analyses or systematic reviews. If not available, results from prospective or retrospective studies were considered based on predefined selection criteria.

Results and conclusions

Hybrid [18F]FDG PET is extremely useful in the work-up and management of adults with infectious and inflammatory diseases, as supported by extensive and rapidly growing evidence-based literature and adoption in clinical guidelines. Practical recommendations are provided describing evidence-based indications as well as interpretation criteria and pitfalls. Monitoring treatment response is the most challenging but insufficiently studied potential application in infection and inflammation imaging.
Fluorescence detection of pituitary neuroendocrine tumour during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery using bevacizumab-800CW: a non-randomised, non-blinded, single centre feasibility and dose finding trial [DEPARTURE trial]
Authors: Schmidt I. , Vergeer R. A. , Postma M. R. , van den Berg G. , Sterkenburg A. J. , Korsten-Meijer A. G. W. , Feijen R. A. , Kruijff S. , van Beek A. P. , den Dunnen W. F. A. , Robinson D. J. , van Dijk J. M. C. , Nagengast W. B. , Kuijlen J. M. A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Achieving endocrine remission by gross total resection is challenging in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) with cavernous sinus invasion. This study aims to assess the safety, feasibility, and optimal dose for intraoperative fluorescence imaging as an added instrument to discriminate PitNET from surrounding tissue using bevacizumab-800CW, targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A).

Methods

In part I, dose-escalation (0–4∙5-10-25 mg) was performed in 4 groups of 3 patients with PitNETs Knosp grade 3–4. In part II, after interim analysis, the 10 mg and 25 mg groups were expanded to a total of 6 patients. Quantitative fluoroscence molecular endoscopy consisted of wide field fluorescence molecular endoscopy and multi-diameter single fiber reflectance / single fiber fluorescence spectroscopy. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the fresh surgical specimen was calculated and VEGF-staining was performed.

Results

Eighteen patients were included. All doses were well tolerated. Three serious adverse events were registered, but none were tracer-related. Part I showed an adequate in-vivo tumour-to-background ratio for both 10 mg (TBR 2∙00 [1∙86, 2∙19]) and 25 mg (TBR 2∙10, [1∙86, 2∙58]). Part II revealed a substantially higher MFI in the 25 mg group. With both 10 mg and 25 mg a statistically significant difference between tumour and surrounding tissue was detected (p < 0∙0001). All surgical specimens had VEGF-A expression.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of quantitative fluorescence molecular endoscopy during PitNET surgery. Both 10 mg and 25 mg bevacizumab-800CW result in clear differentiation in-vivo, with improved contrast ex-vivo (MFI) in the 25 mg group.

Trial registration

NCT 04212793 / Study Details| Detection of PitNET Tissue During TSS Using Bevacizumab800CW| ClinicalTrials.gov.
Risk factors for mortality in periprosthetic femur fractures about the hip-a retrospective analysis
Authors: Müller Katharina , Zeynalova Samira , Fakler Johannes K.M. , Kleber Christian , Roth Andreas , Osterhoff Georg
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Fractures around the hip are known to be an indicator for fragility and are associated with high mortality and various complications. A special type of fractures around the hip are periprosthetic femur fractures (PPF) after Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to investigate the mortality rate associated with PPF after THA and to identify risk factors that may increase it.

Methods

Consecutive patients (N = 158) who were treated for a PPF after THA in our university hospital between 2010 and 2020 were identified and mortality was assessed using the residential registry. Univariate (Kaplan-Meier-Estimator) and multivariate (Cox-Regression) statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors influencing mortality.

Results

One-year-mortality rate was 23.4% and 2-year mortality was 29.2%. Mortality was significantly influenced by age, gender, treatment, type of comorbidity and time of surgery (p < 0.05). Surgical treatment during regular working hours (8 to 18 h) reduced mortality by 53.2% compared to surgery on call (OR: 0.468, 95% CI 0.223, 0.986; p = 0.046). For every year of age, mortality risk increased by 12.9% (OR: 1,129, 95% CI 1.078, 1.182; p < 0.001). The type of fracture according to the Vancouver classification had no influence on mortality (p = 0.179). Plate fixation and conservative treatment were associated with a higher mortality compared to revision arthroplasty (plate: OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.318, 5.998; p = 0.007; conservative: OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.421, 4.507; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Surgical treatment during regular working hours is associated with lower mortality compared to surgery outside these hours. In this retrospective cohort, time to surgery showed no significant impact on all-cause mortality, and revision arthroplasty was associated with lower mortality than conservative treatment or plate fixation.

Level of evidence

IV (Retrospective cohort study).
Utilisation of macroalgal habitats by juvenile rabbitfishes on an inshore reef
Authors: Martin Cecilia C. , McClure Eva C. , Webber Kelsey , Burgo Martina , Hoey Andrew S.
Published: October 2024

Macroalgal beds are increasingly recognised as nursery habitats for coral reef fish; however, the extent to which they are used as a source of food and/or a refuge from predation remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the distribution, feeding behaviour, diet, and predation risk for juvenile rabbitfish in macroalgal habitats on Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef. Visual surveys revealed that juvenile and adult Siganus doliatus had different among-habitat distributions with juveniles being largely restricted to the reef flat and positively associated with macroalgal cover, while adults were abundant on the reef crest. Focal feeding observations show that within macroalgal habitats, juvenile S. doliatus targeted epiphytes on Sargassum (80% of bites), with relatively few bites taken on turfs or the Sargassum itself (27% and 8%, respectively). These observations were supported by stomach content analyses with filamentous algae being the dominant item in the stomach content of both small (< 4 cm total length, TL; 58%) and large juvenile S. doliatus (> 4 cm TL; 47%). The stomach content of juvenile S. doliatus, S. canaliculatus, and S. spinus collected from macroalgal habitats was similar, consisting primarily of filamentous algae and detritus. We found no relationship between the abundance of potential predators and juvenile rabbitfishes across the study sites. Collectively, our results suggest that juvenile rabbitfishes are using macroalgal habitats on this, and potentially other, inshore reefs as a food source and add to a growing body of literature highlighting the importance of these habitats for the early life stages of reef fish.
Negative impact of internal limiting membrane peeling in vitreous hemorrhage secondary to retinal vein occlusion with macular ischemia
Authors: Shiraki Akihiko , Shiraki Nobuhiko , Maruyama Kazuichi , wakabayashi Taku , Sakimoto Susumu , Maeno Takatoshi , Nishida Kohji
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To investigate the effect of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on visual outcomes and postoperative epiretinal membrane (ERM) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with various degrees of macular ischemia.

Methods

We compared the outcomes of eyes that underwent vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling from 2012 to 2021 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

Results

112 charts were analyzed, and 51 eyes met the inclusion criteria. There were 19 eyes with ILM peeling and 32 eyes with non-ILM peeling. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly. The mean postoperative visual acuity significantly improved at 6 months compared with the mean preoperative visual acuity (P < 0.001). Visual improvement was significantly greater in the non-ILM peeling group(P < 0.05). Without ischemia within the arcade, there was no significant difference in the visual improvement. In patients with ischemia, the visual improvement in the ILM peeling group was significantly worse than that in the non-ILM peeling group. The incidence of postoperative ERM was significantly higher in the non-ILM peeling; however, there was no significant change in postoperative vision due to the presence of ERM.

Conclusions

Vitrectomy either with or without ILM peeling results in visual improvement in patients with VH associated with RVO; however, it should be uniformly avoiding ILM peeling in cases with pre-existing macular ischemia, as it may significantly lead to a deterioration in visual outcomes.

Key messages

What is known

Pars plana vitrectomy is effective for visual improvement in vitreous hemorrhage associated with retinal vein occlusion.

The incidence of postoperative epiretinal membrane is variable depending on the surgical approach.

What is new

Avoiding ILM peeling in cases of macular ischemia during vitrectomy is crucial for better visual outcomes.

Despite higher rates of epiretinal membrane post-surgery in non-ILM peeled eyes, their visual outcomes remain superior to those with ILM peeling.
Tumor budding in pre-neoadjuvant biopsy and post-neoadjuvant resection specimens is associated with poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma—a cohort study of 147 cases by modified ITBCC criteria
Authors: Wu Gaohua , Luo Rongkui , Xu Qianhui , Yang Liuxiao , Xia Hongping , Chew Valerie , Koh Ye Xin , Chang Kenneth Tou En , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Gao Qiang , Shi Ruoyu , Zhu Kai
Published: October 2024

Tumor budding (TB) has been associated with poor survival in a variety of cancers including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). As tumor histomorphological features are significantly altered after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), our study aims to assess the prognostic significance of TB in iCCA patients before and after NAT, by the modified International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) criteria. 147 NAT-treated iCCA cases were included in this study. In biopsy specimens obtained before NAT, the TB-positive subgroup had lower overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis (P = 0.010). In resection specimens obtained after NAT, the TB-positive subgroup had reduced OS (P = 0.002) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.013) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis including TNM stage, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion, TB-positive in post-NAT resection was also found as an independent prognostic factor for both OS and RFS (OS, HR, 3.005; 95% CI, 1.333–6.775, P = 0.008; RFS, HR, 1.748; 95% CI, 1.085–2.816, P = 0.022). In conclusion, assessing the presence of TB by modified ITBCC criteria provides robust prognostic information in the NAT setting of iCCA patients and can be considered to be included in routine pathological reporting.
Leishmania infantum infection in European badgers (Meles meles) from northeastern Spain: a histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation
Authors: Peris María Paz , Martínez-Durán David , García Patricia , González Chabier , Morales Mariano , Castillo Juan Antonio , Badiola Juan José , Moreno Bernardino
Published: October 2024

The European badger (Meles meles) is a common mustelid species known as a significant reservoir for various human and animal diseases. Studies investigating Leishmania infection in European badgers across Mediterranean regions have yielded inconsistent findings. In Spain, results are particularly controversial: some studies confirm the presence of Leishmania in badgers, while others do not. Our study aimed to conduct a retrospective histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis to detect Leishmania in tissues of nine European badgers from northeastern Spain, a region previously unevaluated for Leishmania infection in this species. Microscopic examination revealed lesions indicative of leishmaniosis in the lymph nodes and spleens of six badgers. In one of them, Leishmania-like structures were identified in multiple organs and confirmed via immunohistochemistry. Parasites were detected in the lymph nodes, spleen, adrenal glands, and pancreas. The parasite load was high in the adrenal glands, moderate in the lymph nodes and spleen, and low in the pancreas. No parasites were found in other examined organs. This finding represents a frequency of 11.11% (1/9) of Leishmania infection among the badgers we studied. Further investigation of wildlife and atypical reservoirs can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of this significant zoonotic disease.
Matching clinical and genetic data in pediatric patients at risk of developing cystic kidney disease
Authors: Bracciamà Valeria , Vaisitti Tiziana , Mioli Fiorenza , Faini Angelo Corso , del Prever Giulia Margherita Brach , Martins Vitor Hugo , Camilla Roberta , Mattozzi Francesca , Pieretti Silvia , Luca Maria , Romeo Carmelo Maria , Saglia Claudia , Migliorero Martina , Arruga Francesca , Carli Diana , Amoroso Antonio , Lonardi Pietro , Deaglio Silvia , Peruzzi Licia
Published: October 2024

Background

Cystic kidney disease is a heterogeneous group of hereditary and non-hereditary pathologic conditions, associated with the development of renal cysts. These conditions may be present both in children and adults. Cysts can even be observed already during the prenatal age, and pediatric patients with cysts need to be clinically monitored. An early clinical and genetic diagnosis is therefore mandatory for optimal patient management. The aim of this study was to perform genetic analyses in patients with echographic evidence of kidney cysts to provide an early molecular diagnosis.

Methods

A cohort of 70 pediatric patients was enrolled and clinically studied at the time of first recruitment and at follow-up. Genetic testing by clinical exome sequencing was performed and a panel of genes responsible for “cystic kidneys” was analyzed to identify causative variants. Sanger validation and segregation studies were exploited for the final classification of the variants and accurate genetic counseling.

Results

Data showed that 53/70 of pediatric patients referred with a clinical suspicion of cystic kidney disease presented a causative genetic variant. In a significant proportion of the cohort (24/70), evidence of hyper-echogenic/cystic kidneys was already present in the prenatal period, even in the absence of a positive family history.

Conclusions

This study suggests that cystic kidney disease may develop since the very early stages of life and that screening programs based on ultrasound scans and genetic testing play a critical role in diagnosis, allowing for better clinical management and tailored genetic counseling to the family.

Graphical Abstract