bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A postmeiotically bifurcated roadmap of honeybee spermatogenesis marked by phylogenetically restricted genes
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Ding Guiling , Xue Yingdi , Yu Xianghui , Dong Jie , Huang Jiaxing , Ma Jun , He Feng
Published: December 2023

Haploid males of hymenopteran species produce gametes through an abortive meiosis I followed by meiosis II that can either be symmetric or asymmetric in different species. Thus, one spermatocyte could give rise to two spermatids with either equal or unequal amounts of cytoplasm. It is currently unknown what molecular features accompany these postmeiotic sperm cells especially in species with asymmetric meiosis II such as bees. Here we present testis single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from the honeybee (Apis mellifera) drones of 3 and 14 days after emergence (3d and 14d). We show that, while 3d testes exhibit active, ongoing spermatogenesis, 14d testes only have late-stage spermatids. We identify a postmeiotic bifurcation in the transcriptional roadmap during spermatogenesis, with cells progressing toward the annotated spermatids (SPT) and small spermatids (sSPT), respectively. Despite an overall similarity in their transcriptomic profiles, sSPTs express the fewest genes and the least RNA content among all the sperm cell types. Intriguingly, sSPTs exhibit a relatively high expression level for Hymenoptera-restricted genes and a high mutation load, suggesting that the special meiosis II during spermatogenesis in the honeybee is accompanied by phylogenetically young gene activities.
Deletion of the Candida albicans TLO gene family using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis allows characterisation of functional differences in α-, β- and γ- TLO gene function
Authors: Fletcher Jessica , O’Connor-Moneley James , Frawley Dean , Flanagan Peter R. , Alaalm Leenah , Menendez-Manjon Pilar , Estevez Samuel Vega , Hendricks Shane , Woodruff Andrew L. , Buscaino Alessia , Anderson Matthew Z. , Sullivan Derek J. , Moran Gary P.
Published: December 2023

The Candida albicans genome contains between ten and fifteen distinct TLO genes that all encode a Med2 subunit of Mediator. In order to investigate the biological role of Med2/Tlo in C. albicans we deleted all fourteen TLO genes using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis. ChIP-seq analysis showed that RNAP II localized to 55% fewer genes in the tloΔ mutant strain compared to the parent, while RNA-seq analysis showed that the tloΔ mutant exhibited differential expression of genes required for carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, white-opaque switching and filamentous growth. Consequently, the tloΔ mutant grows poorly in glucose- and galactose-containing media, is unable to grow as true hyphae, is more sensitive to oxidative stress and is less virulent in the wax worm infection model. Reintegration of genes representative of the α-, β- and γ-TLO clades resulted in the complementation of the mutant phenotypes, but to different degrees. TLOα1 could restore phenotypes and gene expression patterns similar to wild-type and was the strongest activator of glycolytic and Tye7-regulated gene expression. In contrast, the two γ-TLO genes examined (i.e., TLOγ5 and TLOγ11) had a far lower impact on complementing phenotypic and transcriptomic changes. Uniquely, expression of TLOβ2 in the tloΔ mutant stimulated filamentous growth in YEPD medium and this phenotype was enhanced when Tloβ2 expression was increased to levels far in excess of Med3. In contrast, expression of reintegrated TLO genes in a tloΔ/med3Δ double mutant background failed to restore any of the phenotypes tested, suggesting that complementation of these Tlo-regulated processes requires a functional Mediator tail module. Together, these data confirm the importance of Med2/Tlo in a wide range of C. albicans cellular activities and demonstrate functional diversity within the gene family which may contribute to the success of this yeast as a coloniser and pathogen of humans.
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 in children aged 5 to 11 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ebrahim Sumayyah , Blose Ntombifuthi , Gloeck Natasha , Hohlfeld Ameer , Balakrishna Yusentha , Muloiwa Rudzani , Gray Andy , Parrish Andy , Cohen Karen , Lancaster Ruth , Kredo Tamara
Published: December 2023

A rapid systematic review, based on Cochrane rapid review methodology was conducted to assess the effectiveness of two 10μg doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 in children aged 5 to 11 years. We searched the Cochrane Library COVID-19 study register, the COVID-NMA living review database and the McMaster University Living Evidence Synthesis for pre-appraised trials and observational studies up to 7 December 2022. Records were screened independently in duplicate. Where appraisal was not available, these were done in duplicate. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 presenting risk ratios/odds ratios/inverse vaccine efficacy with 95% confidence intervals (CI). GRADE for assessing the overall certainty of the evidence was done in Gradepro. We screened 403 records and assessed 52 full-text articles for eligibility. One randomised controlled trial (RCT) and 24 observational studies were included. The RCT reported that BNT162b2 was likely safe and 91% efficacious, RR 0.09 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.32) against incident COVID-19 infection (moderate certainty evidence). In absolute terms, this is 19 fewer cases per 1,000 vaccines delivered (ranging from 15 to 21 fewer cases). Observational studies reported vaccine effectiveness (VE) against incident COVID-19 infection of 65% (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.47) and 76% against hospitalisation (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.42) (moderate certainty evidence). The absolute effect is 167 fewer cases per 1,000 vaccines given (ranging from 130 fewer to 196 fewer cases) and 4 fewer hospitalisations per 10,000 children (from 3 fewer to 5 fewer hospitalisations). Adverse events following vaccination with BNT162b2 were mild or moderate and transient. The evidence demonstrated a reduction in incident COVID-19 cases and small absolute reduction in hospitalisation if a two-dose BNT162b2 vaccine regimen is offered to children aged 5 to 11 years, compared to placebo. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021286710.
Synthesis of findings from the literature and a qualitative research study on the impacts of gender, disability, and ethnicity in Neglected Tropical Diseases programs
Authors: Arney Jennifer K. , Headland Maureen K. , Bertone Andrea M. , Meite Aboulaye , Ettiegne-Traore Virginie , Asemanyi-Mensah Kofi , Dede Teiko Dzathor Irene , Kargbo-Labour Ibrahim , Jalloh Umu , Houck Patricia , Stukel Diana
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Act to End NTDs | West, a USAID-funded program that supports national governments to eliminate or control five neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in West Africa including trachoma, lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, conducted a gender and social inclusion analysis to determine how NTDs differentially impact various populations and how gender and social norms impact NTD programs to inform future programming.

Methods

The study used a mixed methods approach including a literature review; primary qualitative data collection; and monitoring data in Côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Ghana.

Results

Women and girls face additional health risks from many NTDs compared to men and boys. In addition to differential health burden, the social and economic impacts of NTD-related disability or infertility can be particularly dire for women and girls.

Men were somewhat less likely to participate in mass drug administration (MDAs) due to: lack of information about campaigns, lack of access due to work, and higher levels of mistrust of the government and concerns about side effects of the medicines. Pregnant and breastfeeding women were sometimes excluded by community drug distributors (CDDs) from certain types of MDAs for which they are eligible.

Training participation rates for CDDs and supervisors were nearly universally higher for men than women, even though feedback on the effectiveness of female CDDs was overwhelmingly positive, and female CDDs often have more access to other women in conservative households. The role of a CDD can lead to career and social opportunities for women. However, challenges faced by CDDs were seen as a greater barrier for women, including transportation, safety, household responsibilities, lower education levels, and low or lack of wages.

Discussion

Programs to address NTDs can promote equity and improve programming by increasing women’s participation as CDDs and providing financial compensation. Additionally, programs should prioritize inclusive training for CDDs, and inclusive messaging about MDA for communities.
Large-scale group-hierarchical DEMATEL method for complex systems
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Li Weimin , Shao Lei , Zhang Tao , Wang Xi
Published: December 2023

Existing Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods are mostly suitable for simple systems with fewer factors, and lack effective integration of expert knowledge and experience from large-scale group populations, resulting in a potential compromise of the quality of the initial direct relation (IDR) matrix. To make DEMATEL better suited for the identification of critical factors in complex systems, this paper proposes a hierarchical DEMATEL method for large-scale group decision-making. Considering the limitations of expert knowledge and experience, a method based on expert consistency network for constructing the expert weight matrix is designed. The expert consistency network is constructed for different elements, and the weights of experts in different elements are determined using the clustering coefficient. Following the principles of the classic DEMATEL method, the steps for identifying key elements in complex systems using the large-scale group-hierarchical DEMATEL method are summarized. To objectively test the effectiveness and superiority of the decision algorithm, the robustness of the algorithm is analyzed in an interference environment. Finally, the superiority of the proposed method and algorithm is verified through a case study, which demonstrating that the proposed decision-making method is suitable for group decision-making in complex systems, with high algorithm stability and low algorithm deviation.
Ecolabels and the economic recession
Authors: Raychaudhuri Jibonayan , Wossink Ada
Published: December 2023

We examine the effect of the 2008 economic recession on consumers’ observed expenditures for eco-labelled grocery products. Traditional price theory predicts that consumers change their spending during an economic downturn and we would expect the sales share of eco-labelled products to fall since these are relatively more expensive than non-labelled products. We use supermarket loyalty card data from the UK and show that the recession had widely different effects on the expenditure share of different eco-labelled grocery products. We confirm, empirically, that expenditure shares on organic products declined over the time period under study but the expenditures share for fair-trade products increased over the same period. We evaluate alternative models of decision making to explain our results, viz., a salience model and a model of reputation signalling. We find that both of these models give a plausible explanation of our empirical results.
Reconstituted and frozen botulinum toxin A is as effective and safe as fresh for treating axillary hyperhidrosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Shayesteh Alexander , Boman Antonia , Hawas Emil , Carlberg Bo
Published: December 2023

The use of reconstituted and frozen left-over botulinum toxin A, for treatment of patients with axillary hyperhidrosis seems to be common practice in healthcare. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of frozen and thawed versus fresh reconstituted abobotulinum toxin (Dysport®) and onabotulinum toxin (Botox®) in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. A retrospective study was conducted analysing efficacy and data from pre- and 24 weeks post-treatment questionnaires together with medical records of individuals with moderate to severe axillary hyperhidrosis. The patients had received fresh prepared botulinum toxin A in their right axilla while frozen and thawed botulinum toxin A had been administered in their left axilla. Treatment was conducted at our Hyperhidrosis Clinic, Umeå University Hospital, Sweden 2019–2021. Pre- and post-treatment questionnaires from 106 patients were analysed. The patients were 18 to 55 years old, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 9.9 years. No significant differences in patient-reported variables, Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and VAS 10-point scale, were found between the different preparations (frozen compared to fresh) for abobotulinum toxin and onabotulinum toxin, before treatment and at 6 months follow-up. Multivariable regression analysis resulted in no significant difference regarding side-effects between the preparations or brands of botulinum toxin. The findings of this study support our clinical experience that both abobotulinum toxin and onabotulinum toxin, reconstituted, frozen and thawed, seem to be as effective and safe as fresh prepared botulinum toxin when treating axillary hyperhidrosis. Our findings indicate that left-over preparations of abo- and onabotulinum toxins, stored and frozen for up to 6 months, is a cost-and time-effective way of handling botulinum toxin for treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.
Centros de arte y naturaleza en España
Authors: Quiñonero Ortuño Sergi
Published: December 2023

En los últimos treinta años hemos asistido en España a una ostensible proliferación de centros, pero también de proyectos, de arte y naturaleza. Con este artículo queremos acercarnos a su contexto, historia, líneas pedagógicas y realidad actual. A través de una encuesta a una muestra cualitativa de algunos de los espacios que actualmente están operativos, hemos indagado en los siguientes aspectos: las actividades educativas que llevan a cabo, las fuentes de inspiración o referentes conceptuales, la forma en que incorporan la naturaleza en sus propuestas educativas y la repercusión que ello tiene en la concienciación ecológica y, finalmente, algunos detalles concretos sobre su financiación y visibilización. La aportación que estos espacios y proyectos hacen al tejido cultural, teniendo en cuenta que todos ellos se encuentran apartados de los centros de producción artística situados en las grandes ciudades, es otro de los aspectos que hemos abordado en esta investigación.
Commercial Advertising in Tomsk Province Periodicals (1881-1895)
Authors: Demin M.A. , Аброськин Сергей Васильевич
Published: December 2023

The article attempts to review and systematize the informational content of commercial advertisements on the pages of periodicals of the Tomsk province (18811895). The publication analyzes advertising publications in the context of product promotion on the local market; identifies the main classes of advertised goods and groups of services; highlights common and distinctive features in advertising of public and private newspapers. Periodicals at the end of the nineteenth century became an effective channel of direct communication between an entrepreneur and a potential buyer. The authors conclude that advertisements are important as a historical source on the history of regional entrepreneurship and trade. Advertising was directly related to the sale of products and informed readers about the range of products, current prices, new arrivals, sales and discounts. Advertisements on the pages of state and private periodicals indicate that Siberian and metropolitan entrepreneurs offered the population of Tomsk province a diverse range of goods and services. The advertised products reflected not only the economic and socio-cultural specifics of the region, but also system-wide changes characteristic of the all-Russian level.
Restoration and Development of the Altai Industry: the Experience of the NEP
Authors: Demchik E.V. , Dubik I.M.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the main directions of the development of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the Altai industry, highlights the features of its implementation associated with regional specifics, which largely determined the features of the NEP formation in the industrial sector. At the same time, the restoration of industry is considered in the context of partial liberalization of the economy during the period of the NEP, it is concluded that there are conditions for the development of the industrial sector. Along with the characteristics of different forms of ownership, a comparative analysis of public, private and leased enterprises is given. It is indicated that regarding industry, the Soviet government limited itself only to the rejection of the state monopoly and free market orientation for industrial enterprises. Restrictive and often contradictory measures of the Soviet government concerning to the private sector led to a change in the forms and methods of activity of the Nepmans, hindered the concentration of capital in industry. Nevertheless, private enterprises, the bulk of which in Altai were small, artisanal enterprises, played an important role in saturating the market with everyday goods.
«The Official Position of Mr. Rychkov is Still a Mystery»: Centre’s Emissary K.M. Rychkov in the Altai Okrug (1917-1918)
Authors: Kalashnikov A.A.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to an unknown episode in the biography of ethnographer and journalist K.M. Rychkov during his service in Altai in 19171918. Using historical-biographical method, the author reconstructs for the first time the official and sociopolitical activities of K.M. Rychkov in the Altai Province. Based on extensive sources, the author reveals the role of ethnographer in the administrative and economic reforms in the Altai Okrug in 1917 — first half of 1918. As a representative of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Provisional Government and then of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, K.M. Rychkov joined the bodies of the economic management of the region. When Soviet power was temporarily established in Altai, K.M. Rychkov was a member of the Revision Commission of Altai Provincial Land Committee, headed the Department of State Property Management at the Provincial Council, became one of the developers of instructions for reorganization of management in the Altai Okrug, promoted removal from power of pre-revolutionary bureaucracy. The author concludes that the ethnographer made a significant contribution to the process of reorganizing the administration in the Altai Okrug and influenced the nature and direction of transformations in the economy of the region.
Territorial Aspects of Parish System Formation in Barnaul Spiritual Government's Rural Parishes (the Second Half of the 18th — Early 19th Centuries)
Authors: Sarafanov D.E. , Ivanova VV.
Published: December 2023

This article examines the issues of the rural parish’s system formation of the Barnaul Spiritual Government (BSG) of the second half in the 18th — early 19th centuries. The work is aimed at studying the number and composition of settlements (constituent parts of parishes), the allocation of borders and the construction of parish territories.

It is concluded that the network of the BSG rural parishes was formed by the end of the 1780s. According to the data for 1755, there were 157 villages in seven rural parishes (64.9% of the total number of BSG settlements). In 1820, with the maximum number of rural parishes (13) as well as the Spiritual Board as a whole (23), the figures increased to 536 (68.7%). By the end of the study period, after reducing the number of BSG rural parishes to seven, there were 316 settlements in their composition (58% of the total number of BSG settlements). Communities with the largest concentration of settlements stand out among rural parishes. These are, for example, such parishes with centers in the Beloyarskaya Sloboda and the Genghis village (numbering about 100 villages in their composition). Territorially small church units also existed in the BSG. The leading position in terms of the growth rate of the villages number was occupied by the Petropavlovsk parish of Genghis village: from 1755 to 1820 the indicators increased 9 times. Most of the BSG rural parishes were formed at the expense of the village population. The presence of settlements with the status of military fortifications was recorded by sources in two parishes. They belonged to the Kolyvan-Kuznetsk military line.
Finds of Early Medieval Jewelry at the Archaeological Complex Blizhniye Elbany (Based on the Materials of M.P. Gryaznov's Excavations in the Upper Ob Region)
Authors: Boyarintseva X.E.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the analysis of the monographic work of M.P. Gryaznov and reflects the findings of early medieval jewelry made as part of the work of the North Altai Archaeological Expedition (19461947, 1949). Jewelry is the least studied group of items from the total inventory found during excavations at the monuments of the Blizhniye Elbany complex, due to the lack of specialized research on this topic. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the available materials and form a source base for studying the finds of the Odintsovo and Srostkin cultures. The jewelry presented by the species diversity are considered according to the place of wearing, attention is focused on the material of manufacture and the sex and age belonging of the buried people. Among the most common products are earrings, beads, pendants, buckles, plaques. Among the jewelry of the Odintsovo culture, there are hryvnias. The material of manufacture was non-ferrous metals, bone or horn. The analysis will allow us to continue working with museum collections, and will also serve as a basis for their more detailed study.
N.M. Yadrintsev and the Academic-Literary Journal "Delo": Narratives of Journalism in the 1870s
Authors: Golovinov A.V. , Golovinova Yu.V.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the narratives of journalism of the founder of Siberian regionalism N.M. Yadrintsev, presented in the journal "Delo" in the 1870s. Guided by the methodology of "new cultural and intellectual history", the authors showed that the cooperation of N.M. Yadrintsev with the democratic journal "Delo" resulted in the development and systematization of several narratives: abolition of exile as punishment, prison studies and educational policy of tsarism.

The authors established that the problems of exile and prison were not at all the only topics that the Siberian public figure developed in the pages of "Delo" journal. The authors revealed that in the second half of the 1870s N.M. Yadrintsev also developed the issue of educational policy as part of his collaboration with the central periodical. The provincial thinker, within the framework of these publications, convincingly showed that the desire for education in Siberia was constantly growing, and as the number of secondary educational institutions increased, so did the number of Siberians striving for a university education. In the concept of regionalists, the university in general was perceived as a rallying body for the forces of the region, the development of civil liberty in it and the formation of the local intelligentsia. Keywords: Siberian regionalism, history of journalism, exile, prison, educational policy of tsarism, N.M. Yadrint-sev, academic-literary journal "Delo".
Mythical Bird Humay in the Traditional Worldview of the Bashkirs
Authors: Ilimbetova A.F.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the image of Humay, that is one of the key characters in the oral folk art of the Bashkirs. In the mythology of the Bashkirs, Humay acts as a mythical swan bird, the mistress of the bird kingdom, possessing the gift of reincarnation. Humay-swan is a divine bird. She is not only the daughter of the Sun and the solar deity Samrau, but she herself is the incarnation of the Sun. As the wife of the the hero-ancestor and the god-demiurge Ural-batyr, Humay gives him the heavenly horse Akbuzat and the magic damask sword. She participates in the creation of nature and fauna of the Southern Urals and fights demonic forces. In mythology, Humay is recognized as the foremother of the Bashkirs. In the oral literature of the Bashkirs, remnants of reasoning about the Humay bird as a benefactor of people are found. As a mother-goddess, Humay patronizes the creation and preservation of family relationships, the fertility of women, and is the intercessor of women in childbirth. In the folk art of the Bashkirs, she acts as the patroness of heroes, the giver of happiness and wealth, and can also regenerate a person in a new quality. The image of the female deity Humay / Umay is found in the mythology of a wide range of peoples of the world.
Features of the "Monumental" Policy of the United States in Relation to the Conflicts of the Cold War (on the Example of Monuments in Washington, D.C.)
Authors: Dergacheva V.E. , Chernyshov Yu.G.
Published: December 2023

In this article, the authors analyze the unique features of the United States' "monumental" policy in relation to the conflicts of the Cold War and the associated memorial and commemorative spaces within the metropolitan region. Specifically, the authors focus on the two Cold War conflicts that are commemorated on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. — the Korean War (1950-1953) and the Vietnam War (19641975). The Vietnam Veterans Memorial (1982) and the Korean War Veterans Memorial (1995) are among the monumental objects that commemorate these conflicts, along with the Three Soldiers Monument (1984) and the Vietnam Women's Memorial (1993), which were later added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. To examine the evolution and specific characteristics of the American "monumental" policy regarding the history of the Cold War, the authors employed various sources, including artifacts of "monumental" policy such as monuments, memorial complexes, and architectural structures; official documents on monumental projects; official websites of memorials and their funds; materials on planning, construction, and preservation of memorials; memoirs and interviews of architects; articles in the media; opinion polls; reviews from visitors to monumental objects. By tracing the history of the creation of these monumental objects, the authors aim to evaluate the degree of influence of civil society on official memory politics and to understand how assessments of Cold War conflicts have evolved in the United States.
Experimental Complex for Spectral Diagnostics of Particle Flow Temperature during Gas-Thermal Spraying
Authors: Jordan V.I. , Kobelev D.I.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents an instrumental diagnostic complex developed by the authors. The compact LR1 spectrometer for spectral diagnostics of particle temperature of two-phase flow is an integral part of the complex, as well as the calibration tool with the reference emitter. Additionally, a special emitter consisting of miniature light bulbs attached closely to each other was used in test experiments. This special emitter served as a simulation model of particle thermal radiation of gas-thermal flow used for spraying of functional coatings on technical products. The program-controlled adjustment of current flow through bulbs interconnected in different configurations yields a variety of simulated test histograms of the temperature distribution of the bulbs that correspond to actual particle temperature distribution histograms. The emitter with light bulbs has been used as a simulation model to confirm the validity of the physical and mathematical model of the integral (total) spectrum of particle thermal radiation for the proposed experimental spectrum registration method employing the LR1 spectrometer.
Stabilization of the Solution to the Initial-Boundary Value Problem for One-Dimensional Isothermal Equations of Viscous Compressible Multicomponent Media
Authors: Prokudin D.A.
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the initial-boundary value problem for one-dimensional isothermal equations of viscous compressible multicomponent media, commonly known as a generalization of the Navier — Stokes equations. The studied equations include higher derivatives of the velocities of all components, unlike the Navier — Stokes equations, where viscosity is a scalar variable. Viscosity forms a matrix of elements responsible for viscous friction due to the composite structure of viscous stress tensors for the multicomponent case. Diagonal elements of the matrix stand for viscous friction within each component, and off-diagonal elements stand for friction between components. Such complication does not allow the automatic extension of the known results for the Navier — Stokes equations to the multicomponent case. Thus, for the diagonal matrix, the equations would be linked only through the lower terms. The paper considers a more complex case of an off-diagonal viscosity matrix. We prove the stabilization of the solution of the initial-boundary value problem with an unlimited increase in time without simplifying assumptions about the structure of the viscosity matrix, except for the standard physical requirements of symmetry and positive definiteness.
Az orosz eszme bukása – Andrei Kolesnikov: The End of the Russian Idea. What It Will Take to Break Putinism’s Grip, Foreign Affairs September/October 2023
Authors: Ábrahám Anna
Published: December 2023

Andrei Kolesnikov: The End of The Russian Idea: What Will Take to Break Putunism’s Grip. (2023. augusztus 22). c. cikk összefoglalója
Compliance és vállalatetika
Authors: Szabó Dorottya
Published: December 2023

Az ember morális öntudatra ébredése az evolúciós keretrendszerben gondolkodva közel sem magától értetődő mozzanat. Az elmúlt évek tudományos eredményei teret adtak annak az elméletnek, miszerint a moralitás két nagy lépcsőben vált az emberi faj- és létfenntartás alapvető feltételévé. Az első lépcső körülbelül 400,000 évvel ezelőttre tehető, amikor is a heidelbergi embernek egy globális lehűlési és kiszáradási korszak nyomása alatt egyre szűkülő erőforrásokért kellett megküzdenie más fajokkal. Az egyik megoldási alternatíva a dögevés volt, aztán a heidelbergi ember felismerte, hogy a közös cél érdekében alkalmazott összefogás, valamint a zsákmány igazságos megosztása az egyén érdeke is. Michael Tomasello szerint ez lehetett az a fordulópont, amelytől kezdve az emberi csoportok azokat az egyéneket vonták be az együttműködésbe, akik kognitív szempontból elég fejlettek voltak a társadalmi és erkölcsi együttműködésre, ahelyett, hogy a fizikai adottságok és dominancia alapján csoportosultak volna (Tomasello, 2018). A második lépcsőben a populáció növekedésével nagyobb emberi közösségekből – melyeket bizonyos közös kultúra továbbra is összefogott – saját belső munkamegosztást kialakító alcsoportok váltak ki, miközben egyre jellemzőbbé váltak a versengő közösségek közti konfliktusok, így a betolakodókkal szembeni belső összetartás jelentősége tovább fokozódott.
Hadiipar és fenntarthatóság
Authors: Szabó Dorottya
Published: December 2023

A 21. század önmagukban is komplex problémái sok esetben egymásba fonódva állítanak kihívásokat elénk. Egyre tisztábban látszik, hogy a klímaváltozás valós egzisztenciális fenyegetést jelent a társadalmaink és általában a civilizációnk számára. A klímaváltozás hatására többek között szűkülnek az erőforrásaink, ami az erősebben sújtott területekről a biztonságosabb régiókba való migrációhoz vezet, a különböző betegségek és járványok kitörésének valószínűsége nő, miközben az egyre gyakrabban jelentkező extrém időjárási események további fenyegetést jelentenek az emberi életre nézve. Mindezek komoly biztonsági kockázatokként lebegnek társadalmaink felett, így az állampolgárok védelmének biztosítása egyre hangsúlyosabb és égetőbb kihívás mind nemzeti, mind pedig nemzetközi szinten egyaránt. Habár mindannyiunk érdeke, hogy alapvetően proaktív megoldásokat keresve csökkentsük a fenti fenyegetések valószínűségét, valamint hatását – ezt a célt szolgálja általában a zöld átállás agendája, az erőforrás-gazdálkodás racionalizálása, az egészségügy fejlesztése, vagy az infrastruktúra ellenállóképességének növelése –, számítanunk kell különböző válsághelyzetek megvalósulására, melyek során a fegyveres erők szerepe felértékelődik.
Platformmunkák a V4 országokban
Authors: Mihele András Mihály
Published: December 2023

A platformmunka egy olyan munkavégzési modell, amely során a munkavállalók online felületeken, platformokon keresztül vállalnak feladatokat, projekteket vagy szolgáltatásokat más vállalatok vagy egyének számára. A platformmunka sokféle formát ölthet, általánosan az online szolgáltatásnyújtást, a fuvarmegosztást vagy az árucikkek online értékesítését értjük alatta. Bár nagyfokú szabadságot kínál, munkaügyi szempontból komoly kockázatokat rejthet magában, mert az ilyen formában foglalkoztatottak csak korlátozott hozzáférést élvezhetnek a szociális és munkaügyi ellátórendszerekhez, továbbá a legtöbb esetben azon kockázatok és költségek is a munkavállalókat terhelik, melyeket egyébként a munkáltatók viselnének. A platformmunkákkal kapcsolatban számos tanulmány jutott arra a következtetésre, hogy a foglalkoztatottak sok esetben a munkanélküliséggel szembeni következő legjobb alternatívának tekintik, ezért leginkább átmeneti megoldásként gondolnak rá, amíg helyben nem találnak valamilyen offline végezhető munkát.
Healthiness, processing, and price discounts of foods advertised in supermarket flyers in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Elorriaga Natalia , Cavallo Ana Soledad , Moyano Daniela Luz , Torres Verónica , Faye Maimouna , Irazola Vilma
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The food environment, encompassing factors such as food availability, advertising, and promotions, can significantly impact dietary choices. The main objective of this study was to characterize the profile of the advertised products in relation to the food groups defined by the Dietary Guidelines for the Argentine Population (GAPA), the degree of processing and their price discounts.
Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4355 promotions of foods and beverages in supermarket circulars from seven supermarket chains over an 8-week period in Buenos Aires. Foods were classified into four categories based on the GAPA: 1) core food groups and water, 2) "optional" products (those to be limited), 3) alcoholic beverages, and 4) other foods. Additionally, NOVA classification was used to assess the degree and purpose of processing. The minimum purchase amount required for the discount and the unit price discount were analyzed by food group and degree of processing.
Results: Only 37.0% of advertised food products were from the core recommended food groups, while 45.3% and 11.7% were "optional/discretionary" products and alcoholic beverages. In addition, 56% of the food and non-alcoholic beverage promotions included ultra-processed (UP) products. The minimum purchase amount to obtain a discount and relative discounts were higher for "optional" products (p<0.001) and UP (p<0.001) compared to staple food groups and unprocessed or minimally processed foods, respectively.
Conclusions: Most advertisements and price promotions found in supermarket circulars were for UP and items that the GAPA recommend limiting, suggesting an environment that is conducive to promoting unhealthy eating behaviors.
Funding: International Development Research Center (IDRC; grant Number IDRC 108643-001).
Analisis Kepadatan Kawasan Terbangun Menggunakan Teknologi Lidar di Kecamatan Mataram, Kota Mataram
Authors: Kusuma Indra Jaya , Ardiansyah Muahmmad , Darmawan Darmawan
Published: December 2023

Perkembangan wilayah serta peningkatan jumlah penduduk mengakibatkan standar kualitas dan kuantitas kebutuhan hidup manusia meninggi. Sehingga kebutuhan ketersediaan lahan bangunan dalam memenuhi fasilitas masyarakat semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tutupan lahan kawasan terbangun dengan skala besar sebagai peta dasar dalam rekomendasi pembuatan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang Kecamatan Mataram. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah klasifikasi berbasis objek, klasifikasi point cloud, dan skalogram. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pembangunan daerah tahun 2005 sampai 2018 di Kecamatan Mataram dibagi menjadi 3 Hirarki. Serta terdapat 4 kelurahan yang tidak mengalami kenaikan dan tetap berada di Hirarki III (rendah-rendah), sedangkan yang mengalami kenaikan menjadi Hirarki II (rendah-sedang) sebanyak 3 kelurahan dan kenaikan menjadi Hirarki I dari Hirarki II (sedang – baik) sebanyak 2 kelurahan. Dari hasil tingkat perkembangan wilayah dengan zona kepadatan kawasan terbangun di Kecamatan Mataram, Kelurahan Pagutan Barat dan Pagesangan Timur yang memiliki kepadatan yang tinggi ternyata memiliki  status Hirarki I. Hal tersebut menunjukkan fasilitas umum dan aksesibilitas yang terdapat di Kelurahan Pagutan Barat dan Pagesangan Timur telah memadai dengan banyaknya eksisting bangunan dan tingkat kepadatan yang ada. Rekomendasi untuk pola spasial terperinci di Kecamatan Mataram dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 10 zona, di mana pola spasial dengan permukiman kepadatan menengah dominan pada 36%.
Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa Tegaltirto Kabupaten Sleman Berbasis Aset Penghidupan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Rahman Fathin Aulia , Ruslanjari Dina , Giyarsih Sri Rum
Published: December 2023

Masyarakat Desa Tegaltirto sebagian besar bermata pencaharian di sektor informal yang menjadi komponen paling rentan terhadap dampak Pandemi Covid-19. Ketahanan masyarakat diperlukan dalam menghadapi krisis dan ancaman Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menganalisis tingkat ketahanan masyarakat menurut aset penghidupannya; dan (2) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketahanan masyarakat Desa Tegaltirto. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian berdasarkan dusun yang dianggap mewakili Desa Tegaltirto menurut keragaman pekerjaan masyarakat yaitu Dusun Kadisono, Sompilan, dan Semoya. Teknik sampling menggunakan stratified random sampling jenis proporsional sampel sebanding jumlah populasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskritif untuk analisis tingkat ketahanan, dan analisis faktor untuk identifikasi faktor yang memengaruhi ketahanan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Ketahanan masyarakat Desa Tegaltirto menurut kepemilikan aset menunjukkan tingkat ketahanan sedang, kategori tingkat ketahanan tinggi terdiri dari 9 rumah tangga, ketahanan sedang terdiri dari 75 rumah tangga, dan ketahanan rendah terdiri dari 16 rumah tangga. (2) Terbentuk 7 faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan masyarakat yaitu; faktor pendidikan dan perekonomian, pengetahuan dan akses informasi Covid-19, alam, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, pencegahan risiko Covid-19, bantuan dari pihak luar, dan kesehatan dan sosial masyarakat.
Tingkat Keamanan Ruang Publik Bagi Kaum Perempuan dengan Pendekatan CPTED di Koridor Jalan Cihampelas Bandung
Authors: Kinanti Woro Utari Dwi , Wungo Grandy Loranessa
Published: December 2023

Kondisi ruang publik yang kurang memadai memberikan kesempatan bagi para oknum penjahat untuk melakukan tindak kriminal. Kaum perempuan adalah salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang sering menjadi target kejahatan tersebut. Permasalahan tersebut membuat kaum perempuan tidak suka berlama-lama di ruang publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi tingkat keamanan ruang publik bagi kaum perempuan berdasarkan pendekatan Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) di Koridor Jalan Cihampelas. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan mengidentifikasikan karakteristik aktivitas kaum perempuan berdasarkan umur, pekerjaan, tujuan berkunjung, dan intensitas waktu saat berada di Koridor Jalan Cihampelas. Tahap selanjutnya mengidentifikasi kondisi keamanan ruang publik di Koridor Jalan Cihampelas berdasarkan pendekatan CPTED dengan melihat dari empat aspek CPTED yaitu natural surveillance, territorial reinforcement, access control, maintenance and management. Tahap terakhir mencari nilai bobot dari variabel CPTED yang digunakan untuk mendapat tingkat keamanan ruang publik di Koridor Jalan Cihampelas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada kaum perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini merujuk pada rekomendasi arahan perancangan desain ruang publik yang aman bagi kaum perempuan berdasarkan CPTED.
Komiks jako profanowanie mitu
Authors: Szyłak Jerzy
Published: December 2023

Traditionally, literary works are considered to be displaced myths. Comic book researchers would like to treat the objects of their analysis in the same way. Comics, however, are counted as mass culture, and are therefore treated differently. A work of art can open a human being to the transcendent. On the other hand, a comic imposes a kind of distance on the reader and is rather a story about how someone experiences the sacred, a voice in the discussion about the nature of religious experiences. Comics’ specificity, on the other hand, is conducive to creating stories which are mocking and critical of other types of messages. This does not mean, however, that there are no comic artists who try to offer the reader the possibility of contact with the transcendent.
Jak autor zdjęć może pomóc aktorowi, czyli Joker od kuchni
Authors: Taras Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

The main inspiration of my essay How the cinematographer can help the actor – an insider’s perspective on Joker is Lawrence Sher’s masterclass that took place on 1st December 2020 via Zoom. It was a masterclass for students of the Polish National Film School in Lodz and I had great honor to lead this workshop. In this article, I try to analyze how a cinematographer can help actor to make a great performance. My essay is a “case study” because I focus how cinematographic means create a story and serve the actor who likes to improvise.
„Comics making as a form of prayer?”. Komiksowa materialność na przykładzie komiksu Deserto / Nuvem Francisco Sousy Lobo
Authors: Jankowski Jakub
Published: December 2023

Francisco Sousa Lobo (Portugal) touches on religious themes in many of his comics. In real life, he has been both for and against Catholics, and now he prefers to watch the world from above, sitting on a high comic book wall. In the split-book Deserto/Nuvem, which I propose to analyse in this article, he decides to create a reportage about the Catholic Carthusian order from Évora: in Deserto he presents a record of a week spent among monks, and Nuvem consists of 20 letters written to a monk. I would like to look at these comics in response to the question with which Pedro Moura concluded the Deserto/Nuvem review – “Comic-making as a form of prayer?” and through the concepts of the materiality of the comic book (Aaron Kashtan Between Pen and Pixel. Comics, Materiality, and the Book of the Future) and the performativity of the act of experiencing the comic book (Ian Hague Comics and the Senses: A Multisensory Approach to Comics and Graphic Novels).
Elementy japońskich wierzeń i obrzędów w mandze Mieruko-chan. Dziewczyna, która widzi więcej Tomoki Izumiego
Authors: Ścibor Ratajczyk Jakub
Published: December 2023

The aim of the article is to reflect on religious themes in contemporary Japanese comics. The manga Mieruko-chan by Tomoki Izumi is analyzed. The themes include the Japanese tradition of horror, derived from folk beliefs, as well as Shintō and Buddhist rituals. The author draws attention to religion as an important element of creating cultural reality and its function that makes it more attractive.
Przekład intersemiotyczny. Przypadek znaku drogowego, ekfrazy i adaptacji filmowej
Authors: Kloch Zbigniew
Published: December 2023

The article is an attempt to clarify and refine the ways of understanding two basic types of translation: from one language into another ethnic language (translation proper) – i.e. following the principles of translating homo- geneous systems of signs – and from one system of signs to another, e.g. verbal to iconic, or vice versa, which is sometimes called transmutation. Therefore, the starting point for the discussion is Roman Jakobson’s well-known typology of translation, which also took into account cases of intralingual translation within the same language, called rewording. However, the article mainly focuses on various cases of intersemiotic translation and thus transmutation, meaning situations where a text expressed in one system of signs is translated into a system of a different nature. The primary research question concerns what is actually being translated in such a situation and how this type of translation differs from a typical language-to-language translation. The article is chiefly theoretical, and the examples concern the cases of translating verbal signs into iconic ones, such as the rules governing traffic into a road sign, the translation of an image (a painting, photography) into a literary text (ekphrasis and its varieties), and a film adaptation. The equivalence of codes secures the adequacy of a linguistic translation. In the case of ekphrasis, the image is usually replaced by a verbal narrative, and in a film adaptation, the type and sequence of iconic signs must simply be invented because these sign systems are not directly equivalent, as Benveniste and Lotman believe. Examples that illustrate the main theses of the article are Jacek Kaczmarski’s art-inspired songs, several film adaptations of Shakespeare’s Macbeth (Polański, Kurosawa), and Agnieszka Holland’s film adaptation (Pokot [Spoor]) of one of Olga Tokarczuk’s novels.
Flexible Resource Allocation for Relational Database-as-a-Service
Authors: Arora Pankaj , Chaudhuri Surajit , Das Sudipto , Dong Junfeng , George Cyril , Kalhan Ajay , König Arnd Christian , Lang Willis , Li Changsong , Li Feng , Liu Jiaqi , Maas Lukas M. , Mata Akshay , Menache Ishai , Moeller Justin , Narasayya Vivek , Olma Matthaios , Oslake Morgan , Rezai Elnaz , Shan Yi , Syamala Manoj , Xu Shize , Zois Vasileios
Published: December 2023

Oversubscription is an essential cost management strategy for cloud database providers, and its importance is magnified by the emerging paradigm of serverless databases. In contrast to general purpose techniques used for oversubscription in hypervisors, operating systems and cluster managers, we develop techniques that leverage our understanding of how DBMSs use resources and how resource allocations impact database performance. Our techniques are designed to flexibly redistribute resources across database tenants at the node and cluster levels with low overhead. We have implemented our techniques in a commercial cloud database service: Azure SQL Database. Experiments using microbenchmarks, industry-standard benchmarks and real-world resource usage traces show that using our approach, it is possible to tightly control the impact on database performance even with a relatively high degree of oversubscription.