bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Look at Professional Education in Health with Emphasis on Aging
Authors: Lima Rafael Rodolfo Tomaz de , Freitas Neto Natanael De , Costa Thais Paulo Teixeira , Vilar Rosana Lúcia Alves de , Castro Janete Lima de , Lima Kenio Costa de
Published: August 2017

This article purpose is to analyze the insertion of the population aging theme in the training of professionals working in the Family Health Strategy and in the Family Health Support Center. This is a study with a qualitative approach and documentary type, carried out in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the Northeastern region of Brazil. To reach the objective, the pedagogical projects of the courses for the professions that work in the Family Health Strategy and in the Family Health Support Unit were searched. The documents analysis was based on the content analysis method, using the thematic analysis technique in three pre-established registration units: (i) skills and abilities; (ii) professional profile; and (iii) curricular structure. From the analysis of the pedagogical projects, two analytical categories emerged: discussion about aging and training for health care of the elderly. The research result was that the discussion about the thematic of the aging in the process of formation of human resources in health is still insipient. There is a clear necessity to prepare people to provide adequate attention to the elderly population, as well as to formulate and manage public policies for the mentioned population that benefits from Health Unic System (SUS)

Keywords: Aging; Health of the Elderly; Human Resources in Health; Health education; Primary Health Care.
The California-Kepler Survey. II. Precise Physical Properties of 2025 Kepler Planets and Their Host Stars*
Authors: Johnson John Asher , Petigura Erik A. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Hebb Leslie , Cargile Phillip A. , Morton Timothy D. , Weiss Lauren M. , Winn Joshua N. , Rogers Leslie A. , Sinukoff Evan , Hirsch Lea A.
Published: August 2017

We present stellar and planetary properties for 1305 Kepler Objects of Interest hosting 2025 planet candidates observed as part of the California-Kepler Survey. We combine spectroscopic constraints, presented in Paper I, with stellar interior modeling to estimate stellar masses, radii, and ages. Stellar radii are typically constrained to 11%, compared to 40% when only photometric constraints are used. Stellar masses are constrained to 4%, and ages are constrained to 30%. We verify the integrity of the stellar parameters through comparisons with asteroseismic studies and Gaia parallaxes. We also recompute planetary radii for 2025 planet candidates. Because knowledge of planetary radii is often limited by uncertainties in stellar size, we improve the uncertainties in planet radii from typically 42% to 12%. We also leverage improved knowledge of stellar effective temperature to recompute incident stellar fluxes for the planets, now precise to 21%, compared to a factor of two when derived from photometry.
The Mean Metal-line Absorption Spectrum of Damped Lyα Systems in BOSS
Authors: Mas-Ribas Lluís , Miralda-Escudé Jordi , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Arinyo-i-Prats Andreu , Noterdaeme Pasquier , Petitjean Patrick , Schneider Donald P. , York Donald G. , Ge Jian
Published: August 2017

We study the mean absorption spectrum of the Damped Lyα (DLA) population at z ∼ 2.6 by stacking normalized, rest-frame-shifted spectra of ∼27,000 DLA systems from the DR12 of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS)/SDSS-III. We measure the equivalent widths of 50 individual metal absorption lines in five intervals of DLA hydrogen column density, five intervals of DLA redshift, and overall mean equivalent widths for an additional 13 absorption features from groups of strongly blended lines. The mean equivalent width of low-ionization lines increases with N
H i
, whereas for high-ionization lines the increase is much weaker. The mean metal line equivalent widths decrease by a factor ∼1.1–1.5 from z ∼ 2.1 to z ∼ 3.5, with small or no differences between low- and high-ionization species. We develop a theoretical model, inspired by the presence of multiple absorption components observed in high-resolution spectra, to infer mean metal column densities from the equivalent widths of partially saturated metal lines. We apply this model to 14 low-ionization species and to Al iii, S iii, Si iii, C iv, Si iv, N v, and O vi. We use an approximate derivation for separating the equivalent width contributions of several lines to blended absorption features, and infer mean equivalent widths and column densities from lines of the additional species N i, Zn ii, C ii*, Fe iii, and S iv. Several of these mean column densities of metal lines in DLAs are obtained for the first time; their values generally agree with measurements of individual DLAs from high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra when they are available.
Ω-slow Solutions and Be Star Disks
Authors: Araya I. , Jones C. E. , Curé M. , Silaj J. , Cidale L. , Granada A. , Jiménez A.
Published: August 2017

As the disk formation mechanism(s) in Be stars is(are) as yet unknown, we investigate the role of rapidly rotating radiation-driven winds in this process. We implemented the effects of high stellar rotation on m-CAK models accounting for the shape of the star, the oblate finite disk correction factor, and gravity darkening. For a fast rotating star, we obtain a two-component wind model, i.e., a fast, thin wind in the polar latitudes and an Ω-slow, dense wind in the equatorial regions. We use the equatorial mass densities to explore Hα emission profiles for the following scenarios: (1) a spherically symmetric star, (2) an oblate star with constant temperature, and (3) an oblate star with gravity darkening. One result of this work is that we have developed a novel method for solving the gravity-darkened, oblate m-CAK equation of motion. Furthermore, from our modeling we find that (a) the oblate finite disk correction factor, for the scenario considering the gravity darkening, can vary by at least a factor of two between the equatorial and polar directions, influencing the velocity profile and mass-loss rate accordingly, (b) the Hα profiles predicted by our model are in agreement with those predicted by a standard power-law model for following values of the line-force parameters:

, and

, and (c) the contribution of the fast wind component to the Hα emission line profile is negligible; therefore, the line profiles arise mainly from the equatorial disks of Be stars.
Assessing the Nature of Collisions of Coronal Mass Ejections in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Mishra Wageesh , Wang Yuming , Srivastava Nandita , Shen Chenglong
Published: August 2017

There have been several attempts in the past to understand the nature of the collision of individual cases of interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We selected eight cases of interacting CMEs and estimated their propagation and expansion speeds, and direction of impact and masses, by exploiting coronagraphic and heliospheric imaging observations. Using these estimates while ignoring the errors therein, we find that the nature of collisions is perfectly inelastic for two cases (i.e., 2012 March and November), inelastic for two cases (i.e., 2012 June and 2011 August), elastic for one case (i.e., 2013 October), and super-elastic for three cases (i.e., 2011 February, 2010 May, and 2012 September). Including the large uncertainties in the estimated directions, angular widths, and pre-collision speeds, the probability of a perfectly inelastic collision for the 2012 March and November cases drops from 98% to 60% and 100% to 40%, respectively, increasing the probability for other types of collision. Similarly, the probability of an inelastic collision drops from 95% to 50% for the 2012 June case, 85% to 50% for the 2011 August case, and 75% to 15% for the 2013 October case. We note that the probability of a super-elastic collision for the 2011 February, 2010 May, and 2012 September CMEs drops from 90% to 75%, 60% to 45%, and 90% to 50%, respectively. Although the sample size is small, we find good dependence of the nature of collision on the CME parameters. The crucial pre-collision parameters of the CMEs responsible for increasing the probability of a super-elastic collision are, in descending order of priority, their lower approaching speed, expansion speed of the following CME higher than the preceding one, and a longer duration of the collision phase.
Quelle place pour la critique dans les théories critiques de la race ?
Authors: Bessone Magali
Published: August 2017

La Critical Race Theory et la Critical Theory of “Race” sont deux courants recherche états-uniens distincts, quoique souvent regroupés sous le sigle CRT , apparus à la fin du XXe siècle. Ce n’est pas le même type de « critique » que mettent en oeuvre juristes d’un côté, chercheurs en philosophie et sciences sociales d’un autre côté, proposant une « théorie critique » de la race (ou du racisme). Dans les deux cas, s’agit de comprendre la race comme construction socio-juridique et socio-politique située loin de l’essentialisme dont la CRT est parfois accusée. Toutefois, l’acception constructiviste de la « race » permet la critique de l’égalitarisme colorblind , lequel, pour réaliser la justice sociale, il faudrait ne tenir aucun compte des distinctions raciales. L’analyse de ces mouvements fait ainsi apparaître que la généalogie la question raciale est au coeur de leur ambition critique.
Chytrid Infection Dynamics in Cricket Frogs on Military and Public Lands in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Crawford John A. , Phillips Christopher A. , Peterman William E. , MacAllister Irene E. , Wesslund Neil A. , Kuhns Andrew R. , Dreslik Michael J.
Published: August 2017

The pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter, Bd) is a causal agent in amphibian decline and extinction events. Sampling for Bd in the Midwestern United States has largely been opportunistic and haphazard, so little information exists on the true occurrence and prevalence of the disease. We repeatedly tested Cricket Frogs Acris blanchardi or A. crepitans at 54 wetlands in 2009 and 15 wetlands in 2011 on both public and military lands to estimate Bd occurrence and prevalence rates between different land-use types, sampling seasons (spring, summer, autumn) and sampling years. We found Bd occurred in 100% of wetlands we sampled in 2009 and 2011, and overall prevalence was 22.7% in 2009 and 40.5% in 2011. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence in 2011 was significantly higher than in 2009 and was significantly higher during the spring season than in the summer or autumn. We also found Bd prevalence was not significantly different on military versus public-use sites and was most affected by the average 30-d maximum temperature prior to sampling. This study provides data on the occurrence and prevalence of Bd in the United States and fills an important gap in the Midwest, while also corroborating prior research findings of increased prevalence in the cooler spring season.
Insecticidal effects of pure and silver-doped copper oxide nanosheets on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Atwa Atwa A. , Salah Numan A. , Khafagi Wedad E. , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed A.
Published: August 2017

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests. We investigated the cumulative lethal effects of two nanostructure materials by feeding nanostructural form of copper oxide (CuO) or copper oxide doped with silver (CuO:Ag), nanosheets-treated diet to third and/or fifth instars of S. littoralis until pupation. Nanosheet concentrations were individually incorporated into 150 mL of artificial diet and offered as treated food. Both nanosheets had no immediate effect but caused cumulative larval mortality. At high concentrations and longer exposure times, nanosheet had a significant insecticidal effect against S. littoralis larvae. Nanosheets at 300 mg had the highest insect mortality effect, reaching 97.6% and 100% among CuO-treated third and fifth instars compared with 57.6% and 48.2% among the same instar treated with CuO:Ag. Treated larvae exhibited higher pupal mortality, and pupal and moth deformities compared with untreated larvae. There were more deformities among those fed CuO:Ag. Incorporation of nanosheets into the diet had a significant effect on the timing of larval development. Results showed that CuO was more influential than CuO:Ag at all concentrations and with similar exposure durations. Our results suggest that nanosheets may have important implications on the population dynamics of S. littoralis.
Ectopic Expression of Self-Antigen Drives Regulatory T Cell Development and Not Deletion of Autoimmune T Cells
Authors: Lee Thomas , Sprouse Maran L. , Banerjee Pinaki , Bettini Maria , Bettini Matthew L.
Published: August 2017

Type 1 diabetes is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease that is characterized by Ag-specific targeting and destruction of insulin-producing β cells. Although multiple studies have characterized the pathogenic potential of β cell–specific T cells, we have limited mechanistic insight into self-reactive autoimmune T cell development and their escape from negative selection in the thymus. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of insulin epitope B:9–23 (InsB9–23) by thymic APCs is insufficient to induce deletion of high- or low-affinity InsB9–23–reactive CD4+ T cells; however, we observe an increase in the proportion and number of thymic and peripheral Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. In contrast, the MHC stable insulin mimetope (InsB9–23 R22E) efficiently deletes insulin-specific T cells and prevents escape of high-affinity thymocytes. Collectively, these results suggest that Ag dose and peptide–MHC complex stability can lead to multiple fates of insulin-reactive CD4+ T cell development and autoimmune disease outcome.
IL-2 Shapes the Survival and Plasticity of IL-17–Producing γδ T Cells
Authors: Corpuz Theresa M. , Vazquez-Lombardi Rodrigo , Luong Jason K. , Warren Joanna , Stolp Jessica , Christ Daniel , King Cecile , Brink Robert , Sprent Jonathan , Webster Kylie E.
Published: August 2017

IL-17–producing γδ T (γδT-17) cells have proved to be an important early source of IL-17 in many inflammatory settings and are emerging as an important participant in protumor immune responses. Considering that their peripheral activation depends largely on innate signals rather than TCR ligation, it is important to understand what mechanisms exist to curb unwanted activation. Expression of the high-affinity IL-2R on γδT-17 cells prompted us to investigate a role for this cytokine. We found γδT-17 cells to be enriched, not depleted, in IL-2–deficient mice. The absence of IL-2 also resulted in higher IL-17 production and the emergence of IL-17+IFN-γ+ double producers. Furthermore, the addition of IL-2 to in vitro cultures of sorted γδT-17 cells was able to moderate IL-17 and affect differentiation into polyfunctional cytokine-producing cells. Interestingly, the Vγ6+ subset was more susceptible to the effects of IL-2 than Vγ4+ γδT-17 cells. We also found that unlike other γδ T cells, γδT-17 cells do not produce IL-2, but express Blimp-1, a known transcriptional repressor of IL-2. Although IL-2 was able to induce robust proliferation of γδT-17 cells, it did not sustain viability, negatively impacting their survival via downregulation of the IL-7R. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-2 can augment the γδT-17 response in favor of short-lived effectors with limited plasticity, particularly in the presence of IL-1β and IL-23. In this way, IL-2 may act to curtail the innate-like response of γδT-17 cells upon arrival of IL-2–producing adaptive immune cells at the site of inflammation.
Termination of the Activating NK Cell Immunological Synapse Is an Active and Regulated Process
Authors: Netter Petra , Anft Moritz , Watzl Carsten
Published: August 2017

Cellular cytotoxicity is essential for the elimination of virus-infected and cancerous cells by NK cells. It requires a direct cellular contact through the establishment of an immunological synapse (IS) between the NK cell and the target cell. In this article, we show that not only the establishment of the IS, but also its maintenance is a highly regulated process. Ongoing receptor-proximal signaling events from activating NK cell receptors and actin dynamics were necessary to maintain a stable contact in an energy-dependent fashion, even after the IS was formed successfully. More importantly, the initiation of a contact to a new susceptible target cell resulted in accelerated detachment from an old target cell. We propose that the maintenance of an existing IS is a dynamic and regulated process to allow for effective serial killing of NK cells.
Indigenous plants used by the Otuo tribe of Owan East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Idu MacDonald , Oghale Ovuakporie-Uvo , Sarah Ima-Osagie O.
Published: August 2017

Background: Traditional medicine remains an integral part of the Otuo tribe in Owan East Local Government Area of Edo State.Aim: The study is aimed at documenting the ethnobotany of the Otuo tribe by evaluating the uses of plants found in the area, identifying the importance value (IV), fidelity level (FL) and principal taxonomic groups of the plants.Methods: Data were gathered following an oral interview of unlettered herbal practitioners. Literate men, women and young settlers in the community were cross-examined using a semi-structured questionnaire. Fifty respondents made up this study size. Data were collated to report botanical names, common and vernacular names of the species of plants surveyed. Information on the use, methods of preparation and plant part used was documented. The FL and IV were determined.Results: 101 plants belonging to 46 families were reported. The best-represented family was the Fabaceae with 11 species followed by the Euphorbiaceae with 6 species. Of the 101 plants, 80 plants have medicinal uses and 58 have other economic uses. Amongst the medicinal plants, Azadirachta indica had the highest FL and IV of 100 and 1.0, respectively, followed by Cymbopogon citratus with FL of 96; both plants are used to treat malaria. The major ailments treated with plants by the Otuo tribe include malaria, cataracts, rheumatism and dysentery, amongst others.Conclusion: The people of Otuo are rich in plant-based remedies. They devotedly practise local medicine use because it is cost-effective and efficient, thereby contributing greatly to the economic development of the area.
Church and war: A change in hermeneutical stance among Pentecostals
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: August 2017

At its inception and for the first 40 years of its existence, Pentecostalism was a pacifist movement preaching non-violence and non-retaliation. At the end of the Second World War, the movement changed its stance, in many instances without officially taking a decision at formal platforms, because of the changes that occurred when its members became socially and economically mobile and the movement strove to be accepted in society. The article argues that the changes were, however, essentially because of a change in its hermeneutical viewpoint that introduced a new climate within the movement, accompanied by various changes in viewpoint and practice. After the 1970s, several theologians within the Pentecostal movement formulated a hermeneutics that concurred to a large degree with the way early Pentecostals viewed and interpreted the Bible. This new hermeneutics allows Pentecostals to rethink their non-pacifist stance and the article argues the case for such a reconsideration.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: While the classical Pentecostal movement supported pacifism for the first 30 years of its existence, it changed its stance at the end of the Second World War because of new hermeneutical choices. Recent changes in hermeneutical viewpoint within (a part of) the movement require that the ethical issue of pacifism be rethought if it does not want its witness about Jesus Christ as the source of peace to be compromised.
The Utility of Dual Energy Computed Tomography in Musculoskeletal Imaging
Authors: Khanduri Sachin , Goyal Aakshit , Singh Bhumika , Chaudhary Mriganki , Sabharwal Tushar , Jain Shreshtha , Sharma Hritik
Published: August 2017

The objective of this article is to review the mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) over conventional tomography (CT) in musculoskeletal imaging as DECT provides additional information about tissue composition and artifact reduction. This provides clinical utility in detection of urate crystals, bone marrow edema, reduction of beam hardening metallic artifact, and ligament and tendon analysis.
Passies, sprekend tot en met de verbeelding
Authors: Vandenbussche Hanna
Published: August 2017

Passions unchained and the power of the imagination. Descartes on vanity, love and joy

Most seventeenth-century moralists and philosophers, such as Pascal and Malebranche, commonly describe the passions and the imagination as symptoms of the corruption of human nature. Descartes is not an easy fit in this general framework, especially since most studies of his account of the passions read him rather univocally as committed only to a scientific investigation of certain phenomena that properly belong to the soul but do originate in bodily movements. In this paper, it will be argued that Descartes’ account of the passions is more complex. Namely, by suggesting, on the one hand, that the passions are all good in themselves and, on the other hand, that the passion of generosity is the highest human virtue, Descartes seems at a remarkable distance from many of his contemporaries. Yet, Descartes equally warns against the potentially dangerous effects of the passions, particularly when the passions and the faculty of imagination collaborate closely. The representation of the object of a passion is often illegitimately and excessively esteemed by the imagination. This inclines the human soul to assume the images represented by a passion as real and then willingly attributes a disproportionate significance to these. As such, the human soul is necessarily at the mercy of error and deception. This nuanced appreciation of the passions will be illustrated in reference to the passions of vanity (‘orgueil’), joy (‘joie’) and love (‘amour’), which are the three fundamental passions that determine the relationship of the soul to itself and the external world. If the representations of these passions are exposed to the influence of the imagination, they potentially turn into the source of all human errors and immorality. Descartes also emphasizes, however, the positive use of the passions which is enabled by retaining the possibility of free will. What is more, the use of free will can even turn the most dangerous passions into virtues if the (imaginary) representation of their objects does not seduce the soul to (self-)deception.​
Gendered study progress in Flemish academic bachelor programmes
Authors: Consuegra Els , Cincinnato Sebastiano
Published: August 2017

In Flanders (Belgium), less than half the students enrolling in university succeed. Previous research has linked this to students’ gender, socio-economic, migration, and socio-cultural background. However, most Flemish studies focus on study success in the first year of university. Additionally, the research investigates the effects of socio-demographic and educational background of students, but in an additive way without much attention to the intersections of different axes of diversity. In this exploratory study, we want to investigate the relationship between student gender and students’ representation and study progress in academic bachelor programmes and to what extent the gender effect is homogeneous or divergent for different subpopulations of students. We use data from the Flemish Database Higher Education. Findings indicate, firstly, that the humanities show less gender segregation and more social diversity in general than the fields of STEM (sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics) and medicine. Secondly, in general, men tend to take more time to complete the bachelor programme except for middle class students where women are more at risk for study delay.
Fresh and Salt: Introduction
Authors: Goodall Heather
Published: August 2017

Fresh and Salt was a Trans/forming Cultures workshop on water, an issue of urgent interest in Australia and the region. It focused on the relationships between people and water, with particular attention to the interests of Indigenous peoples and was organised around four themes: freshwater rivers, oceans, borders and commons. Participants at the symposium included activists and academic researchers who brought with them an extraordinarily broad disciplinary background. They ranged from cultural analysts to freshwater biologists, from historians and anthropologists to lawyers, political scientists and geographers. This generated vigorous and wide-ranging discussions, opening up unfamiliar comparisons between conditions on inland freshwater rivers and those of ocean island societies, or between the politics of modernising technologies on vast tropical rivers like the Mekong with those of arid zone rivers like those in inland China and Australia. In doing so, these discussions probed the ways in which the tools of social and cultural analysis can be usefully engaged with those of policy, biology and economics. This introductory essay argues that the papers refined and presented here reflect the qualities of the symposium discussions. They illuminate the ways in which people generate meanings for water, the ways the political battles over water are fought out and the ways in which water as rivers or oceans has formed fruitful but contested border zones across the region.

This symposium was convened by Trans/forming Cultures, the UTS Centre for Culture and Communications in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Science. It was generously supported by the Asia Pacific Futures Network and by the International Centre of Excellence in Asia Pacific Studies. The workshop was initiated and conducted by researchers from the centre, including Stephanie Donald [then TfC Director], Heather Goodall, Kate Barclay, James Goodman, Stephen Muecke and Devleena Ghosh [current TfC Director]. Participants were drawn from a number of active research networks associated with TfC, including the China Node of the APFN, the South Asia Network and the Research Initiative on International Activism.
Atmospheric Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) in the Eastern Mediterranean:
Origin and Ramifications Regarding Marine Productivity
Authors: Nehir Münevver , Koçak Mustafa
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Two-sized aerosol and rain sampling were carried out at a rural site located on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, Erdemli, Turkey (36°33′54″ N and 34°15′18″ E). A total of 674 aerosol samples in two size fraction (coarse = 337; fine = 337) and 23 rain samples were collected between March 2014 and April 2015. Samples were analyzed for NO3−, NH4+ and ancillary water-soluble ions by Ion Chromatography and water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) by applying a High Temperature Combustion Method. The mean aerosol WSON was 23.8 ± 16.3 nmol N m−3, reaching a maximum of 79 nmol N m−3, with about 66 % being associated with coarse particles. The volume weighted mean (VWM) concentration of WSON in rain was 21.5 µmol N L−1. The WSON contributed 37 % and 29 % to the WSTN in aerosol and rainwater, respectively. Aerosol WSON concentrations exhibited large temporal variations mainly due to rain and the origin of air mass flow. The highest mean aerosol WSON concentration was observed in the summer and was attributed to the absence of rain and re-suspension of cultivated soil in the region. The mean concentration of WSON during dust events (38.2 ± 17.5 nmol N m−3) was 1.3 times higher than that of non-dust events (29.4 ± 13.9 nmol N m−3). Source apportionment analysis demonstrated that WSON was originated from agricultural activities (43 %), secondary aerosol (20 %), nitrate (22 %), crustal (10 %) and sea-salt (5 %). The dry and wet depositions of WSON were equivalent and amounted to 36 % of the total atmospheric WTSN flux. Considering the Cilician Basin, the atmospheric water-soluble nitrogen flux would sustain 33 % and 76 % of the new production in the associated coastal and open waters, respectively.
Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign
Authors: Asmus Heiner , Staszak Tristan , Strelnikov Boris , Lübken Franz-Josef , Friedrich Martin , Rapp Markus
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We present results of in situ measurements of mesosphere–lower thermosphere dusty-plasma densities including electrons, positive ions and charged aerosols conducted during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign. The neutral air density was also measured, allowing for robust derivation of turbulence energy dissipation rates. A unique feature of these measurements is that they were done in a true common volume and with high spatial resolution. This allows for a reliable derivation of mean sizes and a size distribution function for the charged meteor smoke particles (MSPs). The mean particle radius derived from Schmidt numbers obtained from electron density fluctuations was ∼ 0.56 nm. We assumed a lognormal size distribution of the charged meteor smoke particles and derived the distribution width of 1.66 based on in situ-measured densities of different plasma constituents. We found that layers of enhanced meteor smoke particles' density measured by the particle detector coincide with enhanced Schmidt numbers obtained from the electron and neutral density fluctuations. Thus, we found that large particles with sizes  > 1 nm were stratified in layers of  ∼ 1 km thickness and lying some kilometers apart from each other.
The Holocene sedimentary record of cyanobacterial glycolipids in the Baltic Sea: Evaluation of their application as tracers of past nitrogen fixation
Authors: Sollai Martina , Hopmans Ellen C. , Bale Nicole J. , Mets Anchelique , Moros Matthias , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) are lipids exclusively produced by heterocystous dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The Baltic Sea is an ideal environment to study the distribution of HGs and test their potential as biomarkers because of its recurring summer phytoplankton blooms, dominated by a few heterocystous cyanobacterial species. A multicore and a gravity core from the Gotland basin were analyzed to determine the abundance and distribution of HGs at high resolution to investigate the changes in past cyanobacterial communities during the Holocene. The HG distribution of the sediments deposited during the Modern Warm Period (MoWP) was compared with those of cultivated heterocystous cyanobacteria, revealing high similarity. However, the abundance of HGs dropped substantially with depth and this may be caused by either a decrease of the cyanobacterial blooms or diagenesis, resulting in partial destruction of the HGs. The record also shows that the HGs distribution has remained stable since the Baltic has turned into a brackish semi-enclosed basin ~ 7200 yrs BP. This suggests that the heterocystous cyanobacterial species composition remained relatively stable as well. During the earlier freshwater phase of the Baltic (i.e. the Ancylus Lake phase) the distribution of the HGs varied much more than in the subsequent brackish phase and the absolute abundance of HGs was much lower than during the brackish phase. This suggests that the cyanobacterial community adjusted to the different environmental conditions in the basin. Our results confirm the potential of HGs as specific biomarker of heterocystous cyanobacteria in paleo-environmental studies.
Quantifying the controls on potential soil production rates: a case study of the San Gabriel Mountains, California
Authors: Pelletier Jon D.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The potential soil production rate, i.e., the upper limit at which bedrock can be converted into transportable material, limits how fast erosion can occur in mountain ranges in the absence of widespread landsliding in bedrock or intact regolith. Traditionally, the potential soil production rate has been considered to be solely dependent on climate and rock characteristics. Data from the San Gabriel Mountains of California, however, suggest that topographic steepness may also influence potential soil production rates. In this paper I test the hypothesis that topographically induced stress opening of preexisting fractures in the bedrock or intact regolith beneath hillslopes of the San Gabriel Mountains increases potential soil production rates in steep portions of the range. A mathematical model for this process predicts a relationship between potential soil production rates and average slope consistent with published data. Once the effects of average slope are accounted for, a small subset of the data suggests that cold temperatures may limit soil production rates at the highest elevations of the range due to the influence of temperature on vegetation growth. These results suggest that climate and rock characteristics may be the sole controls on potential soil production rates as traditionally assumed but that the porosity of bedrock or intact regolith may evolve with topographic steepness in a way that enhances the persistence of soil cover in compressive-stress environments. I develop an empirical equation that relates potential soil production rates in the San Gabriel Mountains to the average slope and a climatic index that accounts for temperature limitations on soil production rates at high elevations. Assuming a balance between soil production and erosion rates on the hillslope scale, I illustrate the interrelationships among potential soil production rates, soil thickness, erosion rates, and topographic steepness that result from the feedbacks among geomorphic, geophysical, and pedogenic processes in the San Gabriel Mountains.
SEGMENTATION OF 3D MODELS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS – SOME CRITICAL ISSUES
Authors: Gonizzi Barsanti S. , Guidi G. , De Luca L.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Cultural Heritage documentation and preservation has become a fundamental concern in this historical period. 3D modelling offers a perfect aid to record ancient buildings and artefacts and can be used as a valid starting point for restoration, conservation and structural analysis, which can be performed by using Finite Element Methods (FEA). The models derived from reality-based techniques, made up of the exterior surfaces of the objects captured at high resolution, are - for this reason - made of millions of polygons. Such meshes are not directly usable in structural analysis packages and need to be properly pre-processed in order to be transformed in volumetric meshes suitable for FEA. In addition, dealing with ancient objects, a proper segmentation of 3D volumetric models is needed to analyse the behaviour of the structure with the most suitable level of detail for the different sections of the structure under analysis. Segmentation of 3D models is still an open issue, especially when dealing with ancient, complicated and geometrically complex objects that imply the presence of anomalies and gaps, due to environmental agents such as earthquakes, pollution, wind and rain, or human factors. The aims of this paper is to critically analyse some of the different methodologies and algorithms available to segment a 3D point cloud or a mesh, identifying difficulties and problems by showing examples on different structures.
FORT RODD HILL N.H.S.C.: WORKFLOW AND BENEFITS IN THE USE OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND LIDAR DOCUMENTATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION TENDER DOCUMENTS
Authors: Kretz C. S.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This case study examines the workflow, benefits, disadvantages and limitations of photogrammetry and laser scanning for the production of contract tender documents. This includes the use of the outputs of the aforementioned methodologies for direct inclusion in the construction tender drawing package. This study will also delve into evolving data capture and post production techniques, specifically the utilization of UAV’s to further refine, supplement and provide greater efficiency in the field for the acquisition of photogrammetric data. Future phases of this project will leverage emerging technologies to further improve and expand upon the success of the current phase of the project.
CALLING IT WHAT IT IS.
THESAURI IN THE FLANDERS HERITAGE AGENCY: HISTORY, IMPORTANCE, USE AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
Authors: Mortier S. , Van Daele K. , Meganck L.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Heritage organizations in Flanders started using thesauri fairly recently compared to other countries. This paper starts with examining the historical use of thesauri and controlled vocabularies in computer systems by the Flemish Government dealing with immovable cultural heritage. Their evolution from simple, flat, controlled lists to actual thesauri with scope notes, hierarchical and equivalence relations and links to other thesauri will be discussed. An explanation will be provided for the evolution in our approach to controlled vocabularies, and how they radically changed querying and the way data is indexed in our systems. Technical challenges inherent to complex thesauri and how to overcome them will be outlined. These issues being solved, thesauri have become an essential feature of the Flanders Heritage inventory management system. The number of vocabularies rose over the years and became an essential tool for integrating heritage from different disciplines. As a final improvement, thesauri went from being a core part of one application (the inventory management system) to forming an essential part of a new general resource oriented system architecture for Flanders Heritage influenced by Linked Data. For this purpose, a generic SKOS based editor was created. Due to the SKOS model being generic enough to be used outside of Flanders Heritage, the decision was made early on to develop this editor as an open source project called Atramhasis and share it with the larger heritage world.
CENTENARY OF THE BATTLE OF VIMY (FRANCE, 1917): PRESERVING THE MEMORY OF THE GREAT WAR THROUGH 3D RECORDING OF THE MAISON BLANCHE SOUTERRAINE
Authors: Murtiyoso A. , Grussenmeyer P. , Guillemin S. , Prilaux G.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The Battle of Vimy Ridge was a military engagement between the Canadian Corps and the German Empire during the Great War (1914-1918). In this battle, Canadian troops fought as a single unit and won the day. It marked an important point in Canadian history as a nation. The year 2017 marks the centenary of this battle. In commemoration of this event, the Pas-de-Calais Departmental Council financed a 3D recording mission for one of the underground tunnels (souterraines) used as refuge by the Canadian soldiers several weeks prior to the battle. A combination of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry techniques was employed in order to document not only the souterraine, but also the various carvings and graffitis created by the soldiers on its walls. The resulting point clouds were registered to the French national geodetic system, and then meshed and textured in order to create a precise 3D model of the souterraine. In this paper, the workflow taken during the project as well as several results will be discussed. In the end, the resulting 3D model was used to create derivative products such as maps, section profiles, and also virtual visit videos. The latter helps the dissemination of the 3D information and thus aids in the preservation of the memory of the Great War for Canada.
POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION OF TESSERAE FROM TERRESTRIAL LASER DATA COMBINED WITH DENSE IMAGE MATCHING FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL INFORMATION EXTRACTION
Authors: Poux F. , Neuville R. , Billen R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Reasoning from information extraction given by point cloud data mining allows contextual adaptation and fast decision making. However, to achieve this perceptive level, a point cloud must be semantically rich, retaining relevant information for the end user. This paper presents an automatic knowledge-based method for pre-processing multi-sensory data and classifying a hybrid point cloud from both terrestrial laser scanning and dense image matching. Using 18 features including sensor’s biased data, each tessera in the high-density point cloud from the 3D captured complex mosaics of Germigny-des-prés (France) is segmented via a colour multi-scale abstraction-based featuring extracting connectivity. A 2D surface and outline polygon of each tessera is generated by a RANSAC plane extraction and convex hull fitting. Knowledge is then used to classify every tesserae based on their size, surface, shape, material properties and their neighbour’s class. The detection and semantic enrichment method shows promising results of 94% correct semantization, a first step toward the creation of an archaeological smart point cloud.
Terrestrial laser scanning for heritage conservation:
the Cologne Cathedral documentation project
Authors: Pritchard D. , Sperner J. , Hoepner S. , Tenschert R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Contemporary terrestrial laser scanners and photogrammetric imaging systems are an invaluable tool in providing objectively precise, as-built records of existing architectural, engineering and industrial sites. The comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) recording of culturally important sites such as heritage buildings, monuments, and sites can serve a variety of invaluable purposes; the data can assist in the conservation, management, and repair of a structure, as well as provide a visually engaging educational resource for both the public and scholars. The acquired data acts as a form of digital preservation, a timeless virtual representation of the as-built structure. The technical capability of these systems is particularly suited for the documentation of a richly articulated and detailed building such as the high Gothic Cologne Cathedral. The 3D documentation of the Cologne Cathedral UNESCO World Heritage Site is a multiphase project developed by Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh in partnership with the Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, and the Metropolitankapitel der Hohen Domkirche Köln Dombauhütte. The project has also received generous support from Zoller + Fröhlich (Z+F) and the City of Cologne.
INFOGRAPHIC MODELING BASED ON 3D LASER SURVEYING FOR INFORMED UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS: THE CASE OF OPPIDUM OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF TUSCULUM
Authors: Cemoli L. , D’Auria S. , De Silla F. , Pucci S. , Strollo R. M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The valorisation of archaeological sites represents a fundamental action for the social and economic development of a country. An archaeological park is often a territory characterized by significant testimonies of antiquity of great landscape value. For this reason, it should be configured as an authentic outdoor museum, enriched by natural, environmental, architectural and urban components. In order to fulfill these requirements, it is fundamental the elaboration of a coherent scientific project of preservation, fruition and valorisation of the area, which merge the different components necessary for the establishment of an archaeological museum-park. One of the most critical aspects related to the fruition of archaeological sites is the accessibility to areas and routes, not always – if ever – designed for people with reduced mobility, also temporary (for example elderly, obese, visually impaired, etc.). In general, an established principle used in the new design is to pay attention to the so-called wide users, in accordance with the international guidelines summarized in the concept of Universal Design. In particular, this paper presents the use of three-dimensional models obtained from laser scanning surveys for the design of walking trails for people with reduced mobility in the Tusculum Archaeological-Cultural Park. The work was based on the fundamental implementation of the three-dimensional survey with terrestrial laser scanning for the construction and the control of the complex morphology of the site, and on the subsequent integration of models of the intervention in the three-dimensional reality "as-built" of the site. The obtained infographic model allowed to study and simulate the impact of the routes for people with reduced mobility, and to verify its efficiency in the historical and landscape context. Moreover, it was possible to verify the construction of other facilities in the real conditions of the site.
UNFOLDING LEONARDO DA VINCI’S GLOBE (AD 1504) TO REVEAL ITS HISTORICAL WORLD MAP
Authors: Verhoeven G. J. , Missinne S. J.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper reports in detail on the image-based modelling and unwrapping approach used to create a two-dimensional projected map of an astonishing ostrich egg globe from AD 1504. This miniature egg globe is not only the oldest extant engraved globe, but it is also the oldest post-Columbian globe of the world and the first ever to depict Newfoundland and many other territories. The intention of digitally recording the surface geometry and colour of this unique artefact was to portray the original layout of the world map used by the Florentine Renaissance artist to make this globe. In addition, it was expected to substantiate iconographical details, which are hard to study at its scale of 1:80,000,000. The ostrich egg globe is the prototype of the Lenox Globe kept at the New York Public Library. The latter is very beneficial to examine how the egg globe looked like before being glued together at its equator. On the other hand, unfolding the map engraved in the ostrich egg halves enables a more detailed study of the remarkable details visible on both globes, since the engravings on the quasi-white egg surface are much easier to discern than those of the highly reflective red copper Lenox Globe. Finally, a detailed study of the unwrapped 3D surface is essential to learn more about the world vision of its creator and the incredible efforts that went into making this globe. Thanks to some particular pictographic details as well as the way in which the engravings are applied (by a left-handed person), the globe artist can be identified as Leonardo da Vinci.
DOCUMENTATION FOR PRESERVATION: METHODOLOGY AND A GIS DATABASE OF THREE WORLD HERITAGE CITIES IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Vileikis O. , Escalante Carrillo E. , Allayarov S. , Feyzulayev A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The historic cities of Uzbekistan are an irreplaceable legacy of the Silk Roads. Currently, Uzbekistan counts with four UNESCO World Heritage Properties, with hundreds of historic monuments and traditional historic houses. However, lack of documentation, systematic monitoring and a digital database, of the historic buildings and dwellings within the historic centers, are threatening the World Heritage properties and delaying the development of a proper management mechanism for the preservation of the heritage and an interwoven city urban development. Unlike the monuments, the traditional historic houses are being demolished without any enforced legal protection, leaving no documentation to understand the city history and its urban fabric as well of way of life, traditions and customs over the past centuries. To fill out this gap, from 2008 to 2015, the Principal Department for Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Objects of the Ministry of Culture and Sports of Uzbekistan with support from the UNESCO Office in Tashkent, and in collaboration with several international and local universities and institutions, carried out a survey of the Historic Centre of Bukhara, Itchan Kala and Samarkand Crossroad of Cultures. The collaborative work along these years have helped to consolidate a methodology and to integrate a GIS database that is currently contributing to the understanding of the outstanding heritage values of these cities as well as to develop preservation and management strategies with a solid base of heritage documentation.