bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemakaian Toculizumab Anti IL-6 pada Tatalaksana COVID-19: Sebuah Serial Kasus
Authors: Hutagalung Albert Frido , Debora Fania
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan: Angka kematian pada pasien Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) masih tinggi di Indonesia, tetapi belum ada terapi baku emas yang bisa digunakan untuk mengobati pasien COVID-19. Salah satu pilihan terapi yang dapat digunakan adalah Anti IL-6 Tocilizumab (TCZ).

Ilustrasi Kasus: Pada laporan kasus ini, dilakukan pengamatan sejak Mei hingga Juli 2020 terhadap tujuh pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan onset sakit bervariasi, yang baru dirawat setelah 3-7 hari dari timbulnya gejala. Terapi yang diberikan adalah terapi standar COVID-19 sesuai pedoman gugus tugas COVID-19 ditambah dengan anti-IL-6 Tocilizumab 80 mg intravena, dengan waktu mulai pemberian bervariasi antara hari ke 1-9 hari perawatan di rumah sakit. Fase perjalanan penyakit COVID-19 sebelum diterapi mulai dari fase II sampai fase III, dengan jumlah pasien meninggal 3 orang dan selamat 4 orang.

Simpulan: TCZ memberikan hasil perubahan klinis dan laboratorium penurunan kadar C-Reactive Protein (CRP) pada beberapa pasien tetapi angka luaran untuk selamat masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi dan juga dipengaruhi oleh waktu yang tepat untuk pemberian TCZ, dukungan organ seperti oksigenasi, bantuan ventilator, dan terapi standar COVID-19 lainnya.
Perubahan Posisi dan Tekanan Balon Pipa Endotrakeal
Authors: Cahyadi Arief
Published: March 2022

Intubasi endotrakeal merupakan prosedur yang dilakukan untuk menjaga jalan nafas dan memberikan ventilasi. Pipa endotrakeal juga berfungsi melindungi paru-paru dan mencegah aspirasi aspirasi cairan lambung dan sekret orofaring agar tidak masuk ke paru-paru. Terdapat sebuah balon pada pipa endotrakeal yang dikembangkan pada bagian distal pipa untuk menutupi permukaan dalam trakea.

Intubasi endotrakeal di samping memiliki manfaat juga memiliki potensi komplikasi. Prosedur pemasangan intubasi dapat menyebabkan trauma pada trakea dan laring, kemudian balon pipa endotrakeal juga dapat menekan dinding trakea, menyebabkan cedera mukosa. Tekanan balon pipa endotrakeal yang direkomendasikan berada pada rentang 20–30 cmH2O. Tekanan udara yang tidak adekuat akan mengakibatkan kebocoran udara saat ventilasi tekanan positif dan memungkinkan mikroaspirasi ke dalam trakea. Sebaliknya, tekanan yang berlebihan pada balon pipa endotrakeal akan menyebabkan penekanan, menurunkan perfusi mukosa trakea serta dapat berlanjut pada kerusakan ireversibel, misalnya ruptur trakea atau nekrosis mukosa trakea.

Tekanan balon pipa endotrakeal dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu volume udara dalam balon, bahan dasar balon pipa endotrakeal, proporsi ukuran balon pipa endotrakeal terhadap diameter trakea, komplians trakea dan bentuk balon pipa endotrakeal serta tekanan intratorakal.

Saat ini belum ada penjelasan ilmiah yang pasti mengenai mekanisme terjadinya peningkatan tekanan balon pipa endotrakeal meskipun beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan pada populasi di luar negeri. Dapat diduga perubahan posisi ini menyebabkan pipa tidak tepat berada di tengah lumen trakea dan sebagian permukaan balon pipa mengalami penekanan. Kemungkinan ini sesuai dengan fakta seringnya terjadi cedera jalan napas pada pasien kritis yang lama terintubasi.

Perubahan posisi kepala dapat berpengaruh selain terhadap tekanan balon juga posisi pipa endotrakeal relatif terhadap karina, dan perlu mendapatkan perhatian karena dapat memberikan morbiditas terhadap pasien seperti ventilasi satu paru atau keluarnya pipa dari trakea. Pemeriksaan berkala terhadap pipa endotrakeal menjadi suatu hal yang wajib dilakukan dokter anestesi selama pasien masih terintubasi agar dapat menhindarkan pasien dari komplikasi yang tidak diharapkan.
Opportunities and Problems Offered to Software Companies by the Pandemic Process
Authors: ACARER Tayfun
Published: March 2022

The pandemic process is an event that we have never encountered in our lives, and it still continues as a reality that we do not know exactly when it will end. In fact, this problem experienced by individuals is also valid for all businesses. The pandemic continues to affect all sectors. Software is also one of the sectors affected by the pandemic. Although this influence has positive aspects, it also has serious negative aspects. Especially in this process, online working, information security, video conferencing systems, online education etc. While many new job opportunities have been provided for the software industry with many applications, a very significant need for experienced and qualified software developers has emerged. Especially the need for experienced software developers who can work independently and develop software has reached its peak in this process. These developments are seen in many countries in the world as well as in Turkey. Currently, the positive and negative effects of the pandemic on the software industry are felt much more aggressively in developed countries. As a result of this, there have been very serious transfers of experienced software developers to developed countries, especially in recent years.
Teacher readiness to adopt game-based mobile learning with augmented reality
Authors: Marques Margarida M. , Pombo Lúcia
Published: March 2022

Mobile augmented reality (AR) games have potential in Education, as they can enhance learning experiences, by offering to learners contextualized information. This study aim is to reveal teachers’ readiness to adopt these strategies, after training. Hence, this is a case study of two editions of a workshop under the EduPARK project, designed to support teachers’ adoption of strategies involving game-based mobile learning with AR. The workshops required collaborative exploration of the EduPARK app and educational resource planning. Data collected from individual questionnaires and focus group interviews were analysed through content analysis, descriptive statistics, and computing of the Educational Value Scale and of the System Usability Scale. The 45 teacher-trainees consider they are ready to integrate mobile AR games in their practices, but they are foreseeing difficulties that need to be addressed. This work presents a typology of teacher training that, according to the participants, is successful in promoting their readiness to adopt innovative practices.
Human-Computer Synergies in Prosthetic Interactions
Authors: Carroll John M. , Lee Sooyeon , Reddie Madison , Beck Jordan , Rosson Mary Beth
Published: March 2022

Remote sighted assistance provides prosthetic support to people with visual impairments (PVI) through internet-mediated conversational interactions. In these interactions, PVI broadcast live video to remotely-located, sighted people who engage in speech interactions with PVI to create prosthetic support. These interactions can be quite nuanced, creative, and effective. In this paper, we present a design investigation of remote sighted assistance (RSA) in which computer vision capabilities are integrated into the prosthetic interaction, supporting the human participants in various ways. Our study involved creating design scenarios to identify and concretize future possibilities in order to articulate and analyze design rationale for these scenarios, that is to say, strengths and challenges of RSA integrated with CV. We discuss implications for the design of the next generation of remote sighted assistance.
Contextualising Learning Analytics with Classroom Observations: A Case study
Authors: Eradze Maka , Rodríguez-Triana María Jesús , Milikic Nikola , Laanpere Mart , Tammets Kairit
Published: March 2022

Educational processes take place in physical and digital places. To analyse educational processes, Learning Analytics (LA) enable data collection from the digital learning context. At the same time, to gain more insights, the LA data can be complemented with the data coming from physical spaces enabling Multimodal Learning Analytics (MMLA). To interpret this data, theoretical grounding or contextual information is needed. Learning designs (LDs) can be used for contextualisation, however, in authentic scenarios the availability of machine-readable LD is scarce. We argue that Classroom Observations (COs), traditionally used to understand educational processes taking place in physical space, can provide the missing context and complement the data from the co-located classrooms. This paper reports on a co-design case study from an authentic scenario that used CO to make sense of the digital traces. In this paper we posit that the development of MMLA approaches can benefit from co-design methodologies; through the involvement of the end-users (project managers) in the loop, we illustrate how these data sources can be systematically integrated and analysed to better understand the use of digital resources. Results indicate that CO can drive sense-making of LA data where predefined LD is not available. Furthermore, CO can support layered contextualisation depending on research design, rigour and systematic documentation/data collection efforts.Also, co-designing the MMLA solution with the end-users proved to be a useful approach.
Early Math in a Preschool Context: Spontaneous Extension of the Digital into the Physical
Authors: Gulz Agneta , Kjällander Susanne , Frankenberg Sofia , Haake Magnus
Published: March 2022

The paper presents a systematic examination of data from two early math interventions, involving 188 children aged 3,5-6,5 and their teachers. The aim is to cast light on how a digital early math game can be spontaneously extended into the physical environment by children and by teachers. Questions were: i) how the math content was extended to the physical room, ii) which elements of the game and the interventions inspired and provided affordances for the extensions iii) implications for children’s learning of early math. The analyses revealed a great variety of ways in which children and teachers – acting on their own or together – brought the game out to the physical room. Among the underlying factors for this were everyone’s experiences with the game, familiar narratives, and simple game design in terms of rules and visual features. Finally, positive influences on early math learning from the extensions were identified.
Ciència escolar per als reptes actuals: esculls en el camí i estratègies per superar-los
Authors: Izquierdo Aymerich Mercè , Calvo Lomero Conxita , Guitart Mas Fina , Garcia Cáceres Gemma , Aliberas Maymí Joan , Estaña Viver Josep Lluís , Guerrero Sala Mercè
Published: March 2022

Per lluitar contra la desafecció envers la ciència escolar i fer-la atractiva per a l’alumnat, la recerca edu-cativa mostra que cal evitar de topar amb alguns esculls: el de tractar-la com a simple informació, el de confondre-la amb formació d’especialistes, el d’ignorar les idees intuïtives del sentit comú, o el de pre-tendre regular-la amb criteris purament científics. En aquest article descriurem algunes vies –potser innovadores– per evitar aquests esculls i fer possible una veritable Activitat Científica Escolar (ACE). És el que estem intentant cada dia a classe, utilitzant el projecte “Ciències 12-15”.
Les pràctiques de laboratori en Geologia
Authors: Nebot Castelló Mª Roser
Published: March 2022

Tot i que les pràctiques de Geologia poden ser de tipologia molt diversa i moltes d’elles són senzilles de dur a terme, als centres escolars no se’n solen fer de manera habitual. A l’article es presenten un seguit de reflexions i propostes que pretenen afavorir la seva implementació. A més de suggeriments per estudiar els minerals i les roques, s’inclouen exemples d’activitats amb modes de representació material: maquetes estàtiques i dinàmiques, i simulacions de laboratori. També s’han inclòs idees per a la seva gestió, de manera que l’alumnat pugui interpretar el que està fent i observant, establint un pont entre el món observable (fenòmens) i el món de les idees (models), que porti de la manipulació a l’abstracció.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN DAIRY COOPERATIVES IN POLAND
Authors: Gołębiewska Barbara , Łuniewski Łukasz , Puławski Artur
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to present and assess the development of the concept of social responsibility in dairy co-operatives in Poland. Nowadays, the development of enterprises with adequate impact on the natural environment is an element of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), in which three goals must be reconciled: economic, environmental and social. More and more good practices, often innovative, are appearing, which shape the competitive advantage of Polish companies on the market. The subject of the study were co-operatives in the dairy sector. The questionnaire was implemented in enterprises involved in milk purchasing and processing, which in 2020 achieved revenues from the sales of products at a level of at least PLN 15 million. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and areas of its implementation in selected dairy co-operatives have been indicated. A list of elements and areas considered important in the approach to sustainable development was presented. It was found that not all the surveyed enterprises implemented all the elements recognised as components of Corporate Social Responsibility to the same extent. In all the studied cooperatives, safety standards, the high quality of products, transport and logistics were indicated as the most significant in the area considered important in the approach to sustainable development. On the other hand, the activities undertaken within the framework of corporate social responsibility in most of the studied cooperatives concerned the use of fair market practices and activities for the benefit of local communities. The research also showed that the approach to CSR was not influenced by the size of the enterprise, measured by the value of product sales.
Selected issues of police practice in the area of internal security
Authors: Fałdowski Marek
Published: March 2022

The aim of the article is to present selected utilitarian aspects of the activities of state authorities which, while carrying out statutory tasks – often cooperating with each other, bear responsibility for ensuring internal security at a socially acceptable level. The main research problem is selected strategic undertakings implemented by the Police with a view to increasing effectiveness in combating actual and potential threats. Detailed problems are selected methods of measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of activities conducted, as well as the influence of the National Security Threat Map on shaping opinions in the field of the sense of safety. This new interactive tool not only enables anonymous reporting of threats identified by residents but also provides an opportunity for verifying the actions taken. The article discusses selective issues related to the development of the Report on the state of security in Poland, which by definition should reflect the actual level of security in the country.
Scouting as a place to develop leadership qualities
Authors: Kałużny Ryszard , Żak Rafał
Published: March 2022

The authors consider the issues concerning the activity of young people in scouting organisations, recognising its advantages. Based on the analysis of the literature and their own reflections, they characterise scouting organisations in Poland, explain the concept of leadership and describe its main concepts. In the context of the broadly understood meaning of leadership in the uniformed services, they put forward a thesis: scouting organisations are the real place for shaping leadership qualities of their activists. Proving its validity, they reveal forms and methods of scouting activity that are a measurable carrier of leadership predispositions in their charges. They conclude that scouts should be the elite among the candidates for universities of uniformed services.
Military command process in tactical operations
Authors: Szkołuda Dariusz , Sikora Mariusz
Published: March 2022

In the literature, one can find various approaches to the process of commanding troops at the tactical level. It concerns doctrines developed in both the Polish Armed Forces and NATO. These processes differ in phases and stages implemented by command authorities and in tasks they perform and methods used, for example, in the decision-making process. Based on modern theories of managing hierarchical organizations such as the armed forces, the authors of this article propose their solutions to standardize the process of command of troops at the tactical level, from battalion upwards. The process should follow four phases: planning, organizing, controlling, evaluating. In contrast to the command process functioning in NATO, there is no execution phase, which, in the authors’ opinion, refers to the stage (sequence) of actions and not to the command function. Hence, in the command process used by NATO, we deal both with command functions and military operation stages.
Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings
Authors: Ahmad Noshin S. , Pineda-Mendez Raul , Alqahtani Fahad , Romero Mario , Thomaz Jose , Tarko Andrew P.
Published: March 2022

Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.
Implicações Representáveis por Funções Overlap e Grouping
Authors: Botelho Cecilia , Galvão Alessandra , Yamin Adenauer , Santos Helida , Reiser Renata
Published: March 2022

As implicações de QL e D são geralmente geradas por negações fortes e t-normas e t-conormas, agregadores que exigem propriedades como associatividade e elemento neutro. A fim de simplificar e dar mais flexibilidade nas condições que definem os métodos construtivos para gerar tais implicações, consideramos a negação fuzzy máxima e as construções duais de funções overlap e grouping. Alguns exemplos ilustram os métodos propostos.
Proposta de Atividades Lúdicas no Minecraft Educacional para a Promoção do Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Marques Jonnhy M. , Foss Luciana , Cavalheiro Simone André Da Costa
Published: March 2022

O Pensamento Computacional é uma metodologia de resolução de problemas baseada em conceitos da Ciência da Computação que pode ser aplicada em diferentes áreas, não somente na computação. Esse trabalho apresenta um conjunto de atividades para crianças que visam abordar de forma intencional as habilidades e conceitos do Pensamento Computacional, tais como abstração, decomposição, reconhecimento de padrões e pensamento algorítmico, fazendo uso do Minecraft Educacional.
Uma classificação de vinhos baseada em regras fuzzy utilizando o algoritmo FARC-HD
Authors: Magalhães Vitor M. , Carmona Jair O. G. , Lucca Giancarlo , Santos Helida , Borges Eduardo N.
Published: March 2022

Uma aplicação bastante utilizada do aprendizado de máquina supervisionado ocorre em problemas de classificação. Existem diferentes abordagens, com técnicas e algoritmos diversos, para lidar com este problema. Sistemas de classificação baseados em regras fuzzy são uma abordagem consolidada e amplamente utilizada. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise sobre esta abordagem, bem como um de seus algoritmos classificadores, chamado FARC-HD. Mais precisamente, este algoritmo foi aplicado em um problema clássico de classificação de vinhos, demonstrando sua alta interpretabilidade e precisão.
The Initial Assessment and Management of the Post-Cardiac Arrest Patient
Authors: Hania Amad
Published: March 2022

Cardiac arrest is the most common cause of death in North America and in the developed world. Advances in care have resulted in improved survival and favorable neurological outcomes in recent times. The initial management and interventions of the post-cardiac arrest patient are reviewed here. Following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) the priorities are to (A) determine and treat the cause of the cardiac arrest, and (B) optimize the cardiorespiratory function of the to prevent further cardiac arrests. The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) have collaborated to produce post-resuscitation care guidelines for adults following cardiac arrest.
Pulses Farming; An Adaptive Strategy to Climate Change in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of Itigi District in Singida Region, Tanzania
Authors: Jackson Nyaombo Julius
Published: March 2022

The study assessed pulses farming as an adaptation to climate change in semi-arid areas. FGD, Household Questionnaires, Key Informant Interview and Observation were used to collect primary data from four study villages; Itigi, Ipande, Damweru and Kitopeni. A total of 106 heads of households were involved in the study through questionnaires and quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed statistically and through content analysis technique respectively. Cereals among maize, millet and sorghum have lost their economic significance among farmers while pulses including chickpea, lentils and beans are potentially currently cultivated by more farmers. Climate change effects such as shifting and shortening of rainfall season and increasing drought have contributed to the decline of cereal crop yields. Specifically shifting of rainfall season and drought interaction vitally influence the decline of cereal crop yields, F (1, 99) = 198.770, p = 0.000 and the same causes have led to the adoption of chickpea and lentils farming in the study area as shifting of rainfall season was statically significant to the adoption of pulses farming, X2 = 9.138, df = 2, p = 0.010 and drought was, X2 = 106.000, df = 3, p = 0.000 as the pulses are found adoptive drought condition and shortened rainfall season. This has enhanced food and nutrition assurance to farmers, increased household income and farmers’ livelihood.
Assessment of Landslide Risk in Ethiopia: Distributions, Causes, and Impacts
Authors: Mewa Getnet , Mengistu Filagot
Published: March 2022

The complex geological and geomorphological settings of Ethiopia, consisted of highland plateaus, escarpments, deeply dissected valleys, and flat lowlands, are results of multiple episodes of orogenesis, peneplanation, crustal up-doming, faulting, and emplacement of huge volumes of lava. The broad elevation contrast raging from about −125 m to 4550 m Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) is an important factor in determining the climate regimes, vegetation types, and even populations’ lifestyles. In Ethiopia landslides, mostly manifested as rockfall, earth slide, debris, and mudflow, are among the major geohazard problems that immensely affects life, infrastructures, and the natural environment. They widely occur in the central, S-SW, and N-NW highland regions. This study discusses the distributions, causes, and impacts of landslides and presents a susceptibility zoning map produced applying the weighted overlay analysis method in the ArcGIS environment. For this purpose, key parameters (lithology, elevation, rainfall, slope angel, land use-land cover, and aspect) were selected and assigned weights by considering their contributions to slope failures. Correlations with inventory data have shown very good matching, where more than 90% of the observed data fall in areas categorized either as moderate, high, or very high susceptible zones, where appropriate risk assessments could be mandatory before approval of major projects.
Role of Natural Gas in India: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Sudhir Kumar Sinha Akhoury , Kumar Kar Sanjay , Ojha Umaprasana , Sivagnanam Balathanigaimani Marriyappan
Published: March 2022

India strives for increasing the share of natural gas to 15% by 2030 from 6.5% at present. This chapter highlights recent developments to achieve the targets set by the government. Further, we discuss regulatory and policy interventions to facilitate the growth of the natural gas market in the country. We analyze the opportunities and challenges to the smooth transition of the green economy with the greater role of natural gas. We present the infrastructure developments, including liquefied natural gas (LNG) importing terminals, cross-country natural gas pipelines network, LNG tankers, refueling stations, and city gas distribution (CGD) network. Finally, we present a futuristic perspective of natural gas in the energy transition. We conclude that India being a natural gas deficient country, import dependency would continue to grow. However, this would not deter the growth of natural gas in the economy. Proactive measures by the government and its agencies will boost investment to create the desired infrastructure for achieving higher natural gas penetration in India.
COVID-19 and Cardiac Enzymes
Authors: Singha Meher , Madathanapalli Abhishek , Parikh Raj
Published: March 2022

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread mortality and adverse economic impact throughout the world. Though predominantly a respiratory disease, concerns regarding cardiovascular effects have been highlighted. Cardiac biomarkers and their elevations in COVID-19 have been associated with higher cardiovascular disease burden and worse prognosis. The mechanism of cardiac enzyme elevation in COVID-19 can be explained under two broad categories- direct injury caused by downregulation of ACE2 and hypoxemia, and indirect injury, which is mediated by the cytokine storm. Cardiac troponin and high sensitivity troponin are the most extensively studied cardiac enzymes in COVID-19. Studies have shown comparable and in some cases better predictive value than traditional markers of inflammation like d-dimer, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase. Natriuretic peptides such as BNP have utility as a robust prognostic marker in COVID-19 when considering outcomes like the need for mechanical ventilation and mortality. Emerging data from studies investigating the role of newer cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19 like mid-regional proadrenomedullin, growth differentiation factor-15 have also yielded promising results. As advances are made in our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19, it is evident that investigating the role of cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19 provides vital information.
Climate Change and Its Consequences in Agriculture
Authors: Ali Mozaffari Golam
Published: March 2022

The process of global warming over the past two centuries has become a major and challenging topic among researchers and policymakers at the international level. The process of global warming has accelerated following the increase in greenhouse gas emissions due to excessive consumption of fossil fuels after the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century. The growing trend of the population due to scientific advances in the field of medical sciences, rising levels of education, and health among human societies have had a tremendous impact on reducing mortality and increasing the global population. Consumerism and diversity in consumption patterns among human societies have caused more pressure on the earth’s natural resources and excessive use of fossil fuels for industrial production, which has exacerbated pollution and increased greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide has led. Global warming can have undesirable consequences in various fields, including agriculture, water resources, plant and animal life, and biodiversity. This chapter deals with the consequences and effects of global warming on agricultural climate indicators. Finally, some agricultural adaptation strategies with these changes are presented.
Novel Dental Implants with Herbal Composites: A Review
Authors: Sridevi Gopathy , Srividya Seshadri
Published: March 2022

Missing a permanent tooth is a miserable condition faced by a common man. A tooth decay, periodontitis, mechanical trauma, or any systemic complications lead to such a complication. These bone defects when left untreated lead to severe resorption of the alveolar bone. A proper dental filling with an appropriate bone substitute material could prevent such resorption and paves a way for subsequent implant placement. Dental implants are considered as the prime option by dentists to replace a single tooth or prevent bone resorption. A variety of bone substitutes are available differ in origin, consistency, particle size, porosity, and resorption characteristics. Herbal composites in dentistry fabricated using biphospho-calcium phosphate, casein, chitosan, and certain herbal extracts of Cassia occidentalis, Terminalia arjuna bark, Myristica fragans also were reported to possess a higher ossification property, osteogenic property and were able to repair bone defects. C. occidentalis was reported to stimulate mineralization of the bone and osteoblastic differentiation through the activation of the PI3K-Akt/MAPKs pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells of mice. This implant proved better osteoconductivity and bioactivity compared to pure HAP and other BCP ratios. Terminalia Arjuna was also worked in the incorporation in the graft to enhance the osteogenic property of the implant and gave good results. Another implant bone graft was synthesized containing BCP, biocompatible casein, and the extracts of Myristica fragans and subjected to in vitro investigations and the results revealed the deposition of apatite on the graft after immersing in SBF and also the ALP activity was high when treated with MG-63 cells, NIH-3 T3, and Saos 2 cell lines. This study indicates that the inclusion of plant extract enhances the osteogenic property of the graft. Thus, these novel dental implants incorporated with herbal composites evaluated by researchers revealed an enhanced bone healing, accelerates osseointegration, inhibits osteopenia, and inhibits inflammation. This application of herbal composite inclusion in dentistry and its applications has a greater potential to improve the success rate of dental implants and allows the implications of biotechnology in implant dentistry.
Fusarium Wilt: A Destructive Disease of Banana and Their Sustainable Management
Authors: Niwas Ram , Chand Gireesh , Nath Gupta Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Banana is one of the most important fruit crops. The major losses in banana mainly due to the fungal wilt disease which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The pathogen is mainly soil bone and saprotrophic in nature that’s why its management is very difficult. The yearly losses of banana by this disease in the world is ranging from 60 to 90% and in India 30–40%. Sustainable management of panama wilt is must to overcome these losses occur in banana. The management strategies for longer duration through crop rotation, organic amendment, application of micronutrient like silicon (Si), borax, host-pathogen interaction, hormonal induction of defence response, biological control, transgenic approach, disease resistance developed by somaclonal variation. These approaches are mainly emphasized for long term management of the panama wilt disease.
Heart Autonomic Nervous System: Basic Science and Clinical Implications
Authors: Wiyarta Elvan , Karima Nayla
Published: March 2022

The heart has an intrinsic conduction system that consists of specialized cells. The heart receives extensive innervation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems of the ANS. The ANS influences most heart functions by affecting the SA node, AV node, myocardium, and small and large vessel walls. The sympathetic system carries an excitatory effect on heart functions. Conversely, the parasympathetic system has inhibitory effects on heart functions. ANS abnormalities in terms of anatomy and physiology can cause various heart abnormalities. ANS abnormalities associated with electrical abnormalities can cause a variety of heart manifestations. Besides electrical abnormalities, ANS also correlates with ischemic heart disease. Following electrical and ischemic instability, ANS also have direct effect on action potential duration restitution. By understanding the mechanism of influence of the anatomy and physiology of the ANS heart and its influence on various heart abnormalities, we can determine the appropriate therapeutic approaches. Therapeutic approaches in neurocardiology fall into two focuses: applying novel treatment and interaction of non-drug and multiple drugs treatments.
Leadership Challenges among Undergraduate Students: Case Study of Dominion University, Ibadan
Authors: Fortune Afatakpa , David Olubunkunmi Okedare
Published: March 2022

Student leadership is critical too for the smooth running of the University. Unlike other areas of human endeavor, leadership challenges among undergraduate students are a phenomenon. It is against this background; this chapter examined the leadership challenges among students of Dominion University, Ibadan, Nigeria. It is an empirical study. It is a qualitative study. Data; were gathered through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The study also made use of non-participant observation. Data; were gathered from 100 L, 200 L, 300 L students and staff of the University. Data were zanalyzed using content analyzed and using the narrative style. Findings show that Dominion University has the mandate of producing; value-based education. Leadership challenges undergraduate students include lack of support for selected leaders, lack of respect, and the wrong perception. The chapter concludes that with the right kind of training, Dominion University leadership skills acquisition can transform the plethora of challenges facing undergraduate leaders in Dominion University.
Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Natural Green Fibres
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Faisal Nadeem , Choudhury Ramit , S. Deshmukh Swarup
Published: March 2022

Biomaterials and green products rely heavily on natural lignocellulosic fibres. They have a wide variety of potential capabilities and characteristics, making them suitable for many applications. These fibres offer all the components required for renewable energy deployment. Fibre polymers from Jharkhand such as palm, datura, lemon, and mustard were studied for their thermal, mechanical, and interfacial adhesion properties. There were also tests on tensile strength, elongation to break, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The effects of heating on weight loss, water loss, and disintegration have also been studied. A comparison was made between frequently used global fibres and the fibres analysed in this research article. Jharkhand’s fibres are shown to be more compromising than worldwide fibres. Palm fibres have excellent tensile strength (160 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (5 GPa). The thermal behaviour of lemon and datura fibres is the most similar. Palm and mustard fibres respond similarly in warm temperatures. At 140°C and 240°C, mass loss was 18.8 and 24.3%, respectively. TGA shows that the studied fibres are more suited for industrial applications owing to their stable thermal behaviour. Plastics, textiles, packaging, and papers may all use palm fibres in insulators, circuit boards, switches, and terminals, as well as in furniture and window frames.
Colorimetric Measurement and Functional Analysis of Selective Natural Colorants Applicable for Food and Textile Products
Authors: Singhee Deepali , Sarkar Adrija
Published: March 2022

Colouration of textiles as well as food products with natural colorants is an interesting subject with respect to the growing eco-concern among the consumers. Several colorants are available in nature for textile colouration and are renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly. Being safe for human consumption, they can serve the dual purpose of also coloring food. Several such natural dyes are available. This review chapter deals with the chemistry, extraction, application, and colorimetric analysis of colorants derived from turmeric (root), annatto (seeds), and cochineal (insect) for use on both textiles and food products.
Methodological Procedures for Non-Linear Analyses of Physiological and Behavioural Data in Football
Authors: E. Teixeira José , Forte Pedro , Ferraz Ricardo , Branquinho Luís , J. Silva António , M. Barbosa Tiago , M. Monteiro António
Published: March 2022

Complex and dynamic systems are characterised by emergent behaviour, self-similarity, self-organisation and a chaotic component. In team sports as football, complexity and non-linear dynamics includes understanding the mechanisms underlying human movement and collective behaviour. Linear systems approaches in this kind of sports may limit performance understanding due to the fact that small changes in the inputs may not represent proportional and quantifiable changes in the output. Thus, non-linear approaches have been applied to assess training and match outcomes in football. The increasing access to wearable and tracking technology provides large datasets, enabling the analyses of time-series related to different performance indicators such as physiological and positional parameters. However, it is important to frame the theoretical concepts, mathematical models and procedures to determine metrics with physiological and behavioural significance. Additionally, physiological and behavioural data should be considered to determine the complexity and non-linearity of the system in football. Thus, the current chapter summarises the main methodological procedures to extract positional data using non-linear analyses such as entropy scales, relative phase transforms, non-linear indexes, cross correlation, fractals and clustering methods.
Analysis of the Nexus between Coping Strategies and Resilience to Food Insecurity Shocks: The Case of Rural Households in Boricha Woreda, Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Atara Debessa Adane , Tolossa Degefa , Denu Berhanu
Published: March 2022

This chapter reports on the coping strategies employed by households in the event of food insecurity shocks and the nexus between the types of coping strategies and resilience to food insecurity in one of the food-stressed woreda from Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia. The households use various consumption-based coping strategies that run from compromising the quality of food-to-food rationing. Repeatedly occurring food shortage has also forced some households to employ resilience erosive coping mechanisms such as selling reproductive assets. Such coping strategies have an important implication on the household’s capacity to cope with the future food insecurity-related shocks, with a statistically significant relationship between the nature of coping strategies utilized in response to previous food insecurity-related shocks and the household’s resilience to upcoming shocks. Coordinating crises management based on humanitarian intervention with households’ livelihood assets protection and resilience strengthening is the major policy implication of this study.
Trypsins: Structural Characterization and Inhibition Focus in Insects
Authors: Beatriz Meriño-Cabrera Yaremis , Goreti de Almeida Oliveira Maria
Published: March 2022

Serine proteases are considered the main class of protein digestive enzymes present in the midgut of many lepidopteran species and are the focus of the review in this chapter. Among them, trypsin and chymotrypsin are the most studied and participate in a great diversity of physiological processes that include, in addition to digestion, activation of specific proteins, such as in the coagulation cascades, in the immune system of insects and plants, in the development and production of biologically active peptides, in signal transduction, hormone activation, and development. In this chapter, a review was made of the structural characteristics of trypsins, specifically of Lepidoptera insects, main experimental and theoretical techniques for the study of their function and structure, and interaction with other proteins and ligands as protease inhibitors. Finally, it was described how this type of hydrolases can be a focus of inhibition in pests to the detriment of the development and death of the target insect. Until now, the main strategies of agricultural crop management, especially of large crops, consist of the use of inorganic pesticides and transgenic cultivars containing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Therefore, new and ecologically friendly strategies are necessary, such as the use of protease inhibitors.
History, Evolution and Future of Starch Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Peter Adigwe Obi , Eloyi John Judith , Ochubiojo Emeje Martins
Published: March 2022

Starch industry has progressed into a business that is worth billions of dollars globally, as they have been found useful in the food, textile, biofuel, plastic and the pharmaceutical industries. Nigeria can be the largest producer of starch in the world. Her major sources are roots and tubers (cassava, yam, cocoyam and potato), cereals (maize, sorghum, millet and rice) and fruits (banana, plantain and breadfruit). Although, all the starch crops are abundantly produced in Nigeria, only less than 1% is processed into high quality starch for industrial processes. This chapter therefore examines the past, the progression and the current state of the starch industry in Nigeria and the roles the government and relevant stakeholders must play in order to revolutionize the industry in Nigeria.
Medicinal Uses with Immense Economic Potential and Nutritional Properties of Aegle marmelos: A Concise Review
Authors: Mahato Harekrishna , Kumar Brajesh
Published: March 2022

Aegle marmelos is the only member of the monotype genus Aegle and belongs to the Rutaceae family, the citrus fruits family. This review shows the economically feasible pharmacological applications and the nutritional properties of A. marmelos. Each part of the A. marmelos/Bael tree such as root, bark, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed has therapeutic significance in Ayurvedic systems as well as other traditional medicines. In bael fruit, there are various valuable bioactive compounds that have remarkable nutritional and medicinal properties. The isolated components belong to alkaloids, terpenoids, vitamins, coumarins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, fatty acids, essential oils, and various other important biological agents. Various research studies have revealed the therapeutic effects that include antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, antiviral, antidiabetic, antiulcerative, and colitis nature of bael, which aids in inhibiting gastrointestinal problems, different cardiac issues, and other possible health benefit effects such as radioprotective effects, hepatoprotective effects, wound healing, peroxidation, inhibition of lipid, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, and free-radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity.
Social Representation of Climate Change among Young Spanish University Students
Authors: Escoz-Roldán Amor , Ángel Meira-Cartea Pablo , Gutiérrez-Pérez José
Published: March 2022

Understanding the similarities and differences between what the population think and the available science on the causes, processes, consequences and solutions of anthropogenic alteration of climatic phenomena opens a window to demonstrate that the common culture surrounding Climate Change (CC) can have a greater influence than its scientific representation, since the weight of certain variables associated with the ways in which this common culture is constructed in societies generates differences in the degree of importance given to the phenomenon. Understanding the social representation of CC among university students is of great interest, since communication about it is usually restricted to the field of research and its threat potential has barely reached the general public, causing a discontinuous flow that does not connect significantly with climate science, resulting in different beliefs about climate change and a common culture around it that generates doubts and uncertainties.
Promoting access to voting :
Authors: Buchanan Kerrianne E , Mangold Kevin C , Laskowski Sharon J , Reczek Karen K
Published: March 2022

As stated in Executive Order (EO) 14019, Promoting Access to Voting, the right to vote is the foundation of American democracy. The EO further recognizes that People with disabilities continue to face barriers to voting and are denied legally required accommodations in exercising their fundamental rights and the ability to vote privately and independently. NIST produced this NIST Special Publication in response to its responsibilities described in Section 7 of the EO. NIST was specifically tasked to: 1. Evaluate the steps needed to ensure that the online National Mail Voter Registration Form is accessible to people with disabilities, and 2. Identify barriers and publish recommendations to remove barriers preventing individuals with disabilities from voting. Five systemic barriers voters with disabilities face throughout the voting process for privately and independently voting are identified. Recommended actions to overcome these barriers and promote access to voting for voters with disabilities are described. In many cases, existing best practices and guidance are recommended to be broadly applied to voting systems and processes across the country. This publication also presents recommendations to address barriers identified in specific aspects of the voting process that includes voter registration and the National Mail Voter Registration Form, vote-by-mail, using voting technology for in-person voting, voting at polling locations, and training and documentation for poll workers.
The variability of coastal phytoplankton of the north-western Black Sea region
Authors: Zotov A. , Miasnikova O. , Zotova A. , Pavlovska M. , Dzhulai A.
Published: March 2022

Goal. The inter-annual changes in the structural organization of the coastal phytoplankton of the North-Western part of the Black Sea in 2016, 2017 and 2019 were analyzed and compared with historical data in order to assess the direction of environmental processes. Methods. Samples taken in coastal waters were processed under a light microscope, and subsequently the complex of phytoplankton structural parameters was analyzed. Results. Unlike most of the Black Sea, where an increase in phytoplankton biomass was observed, the phytoplankton biomass significantly decreased in the North-Western region coastal waters in 2019. Conclusions. The data indicates that the state of phytoplankton is stable for the North-Western region of Black Sea. This confirms the current trend in the recovery ecosystem of this region that has been observed after the eutrophication of the 1970-80s.Key words: phytoplankton, structural organization, ecological status, Black Sea.