bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reinterpretation of Invocation and Intercession of the Saints
Authors: Sullivan Patricia A.
Published: February 2014

[The intercessory role of the saints often is ignored today in favor of the saints' role as models of holiness. This can obscure the theological truth communicated profoundly in invocation and intercession, namely that Christ's work is victorious in all times and places and unites all in one eschatological communion of response to his offer of salvation. The philosophical concept of intentionality appropriated theologically can direct attention to the dynamic of nature and grace involved in invocation and intercession, for a reinterpretation of this tradition that upholds properly both a past attentiveness to the symbolic capacity of the saints and a present attentiveness to the creative function of religious acts.]
Bernard Lonergan at the Service of the Church
Authors: Martini Cardinal Carlo Maria
Published: February 2014

[Cardinal Martini, archbishop emeritus of Milan, and currently scholar in residence in Jerusalem, delivered this inaugural address on November 17, 2004, during a three-day international congress held at the Gregorian University on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Canadian Jesuit Bernard J. F. Lonergan (1904–1984). The congress explored the contribution of Lonergan to Christian theology and, in particular, his proposal for a new methodology capable of assuring the internal unity of theology as well as fostering its many integrations with the natural and human sciences, historical research, philosophical reflection, and other types of knowing. Cardinal Martini in his lecture brought out the person of Lonergan as well as his ecclesial and cultural significance.]
Reconciling the Cross in the Theologies of Edward Schillebeeckx and Ivone Gebara
Authors: McManus Kathleen
Published: February 2014

[The author explores areas of consonance and contrast in the backgrounds and methodologies of Edward Schillebeeckx and Ivone Gebara, especially as these are illumined in their respective approaches to the symbol of the cross. While both critique the ways that this central Christian symbol has functioned to contribute to oppression, they diverge in their views of its inherent redeemability. The juxtaposition of the thought of Schillebeeckx and Gebara on this issue reveals a fundamental tension in the Church and in theological thought today, even as it expresses a potentially unifying intuition.]
Genetic Anomaly or Genetic Diversity: Thinking in the Key of Disability on the Human Genome
Authors: Iozzio Mary Jo
Published: February 2014

[Thinking in the key of disability reconfigures scientific presumptions to accept identified genetic anomalies as instances of the great diversity possible in the human genome. While genetic testing and diagnoses advance, the secrets of 30,000 genes in human DNA yield slowly, providing remedy only rarely. Promises aside, genomic medicine can relieve suffering or further oppress people with disabilities but Christians must reclaim those who have been exposed, sterilized, euthanized, aborted, or institutionalized by their nonconformity to an artificially constructed genetic norm.]
Quaestio Disputata Evolution, Randomness, and Divine Purpose: A Reply to Cardinal Schönborn
Authors: Byrne Patrick H.
Published: February 2014

Responding to a recent article by Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, the author argues that evolution of the world and life, through random processes rightly understood, is indeed consistent with divine, transcendent meaning, value, and purpose of creation. After criticizing traditional “intelligent design” arguments, the article analyzes the key notions of design and randomness. It then draws on the work of Bernard Lonergan to show how it is possible to reconcile the affirmations of divine purpose and the randomness of the evolving world.
Sanctifying Grace in a “Methodical Theology”
Authors: Jacobs-Vandegeer Christiaan
Published: February 2014

Bernard Lonergan claimed that his description of religious experience as “being in love unrestrictedly” differs merely notionally from the Scholastic idea of “sanctifying grace.” However, he did not offer the detailed explanation needed to establish the continuity between his development and the medieval category of “sanctifying grace.” His account of religious experience, therefore, remains ambiguous. Consequently, notable Lonergan scholars have explained the meaning of religious experience differently for a methodical theology. After discussing their explanations, the author offers his own account of “unrestricted being in love” according to the critical directives of the Scholastic categories.
Can We Talk? Theological Ethics and Sexuality
Authors: Keenan James F.
Published: February 2014

A review of the literature on theological ethics and human sexuality over the past four years indicates a desire by theologians to host a variety of conversations on sexual ethics that uphold traditional claims yet promote responsible sexual ethics in a different key. Writers are particularly concerned by an overwhelming privatization of sexual relations and are seeking to explore ethical frameworks that can bring sexuality into a more responsible, social context.
Theology, Metaphysics, and the Centrality of Christ
Authors: Delio Ilia
Published: February 2014

The article explores the relationship between theology and metaphysics in the light of Bonaventure's theology. His trinitarian theology grounded in self-communicative love and ontology of personhood renders new insight into his metaphysics of Christ the center. The emergence of creation ex amore through the centrality of the divine Word enables Bonaventure to recast metaphysics in terms of love. The import of his metaphysics of love grounded in the centrality of Christ is discussed in view of contemporary Christian life.
Fostering a Catholic Commitment to the Common Good: An Approach Rooted in Virtue Ethics
Authors: Vogt Christopher P.
Published: February 2014

The author argues that virtue ethics offers a potentially fruitful framework for approaching Catholic social thought. A virtue-based approach provides a means of connecting a Catholic understanding of social justice to issues of personal morality and moral formation. Three overlapping virtues are proposed as foundational to this approach: solidarity, compassion, and hospitality. The cultivation of these three virtues involves developing habits of thinking, feeling, and acting that concretely express a vision of Catholic social teaching.
From Oxford to Rome: Newman's Ecclesial Conversion
Authors: Conn Walter E.
Published: February 2014

Amidst multiple conflicting interpretations of Newman's 1845 conversion, this article offers a new, synthetic interpretation by distinguishing and integrating negative deconversion and positive conversion moments within a six-year, three-phase process: reflection and theological judgment, discernment and judgment of conscience, and deliberation and decision.
Quaestio Disputata on the (Economic) Trinity: An Argument in Conversation with Robert Doran
Authors: Hefling Charles
Published: February 2014

Following Bernard Lonergan's lead, a systematic-theological account of the human world in relation to God will have a trinitarian “shape,” inasmuch as finite, contingent realities participate in the divine relations that constitute the three who are God. While Robert Doran has proposed an excellent beginning of such an account, the author argues that this proposal can be improved, and that as there are three really distinct relations in God, so too there are three ways in which humanity can be, and is being, taken into God's own being.
Addressing the Four-Point Hypothesis
Authors: Doran Robert M.
Published: February 2014

The author accepts two of Charles Hefling's corrections, but the second in a qualified fashion: Lonergan's appeal to love as a starting point for the psychological analogy is open to an analogy based in religious love. Christiaan Jacobs-Vandegeer's article in the March 2007 issue of this journal highlights the distinction of sanctifying grace and charity. The author here amplifies that distinction more than in his previous article. Neil Ormerod's theological arguments for the distinction and the hypothesis based on it are warmly welcomed.
The Theology and Times of William of Tripoli, O.P.: A Different View of Islam
Authors: O'Meara Thomas F.
Published: February 2014

The 13th century, the age of universities and cathedrals, was a time when Europeans journeyed to unknown realms and encountered different religions. It was also the age of Crusades. William of Tripoli spent his life and ministry in the world around Acre in the Latin Kingdom, a crossroads for art, trade, and contacts between Christians and Muslims. His writings offer not only a positive presentation of Muslim life and faith but also traces of a Christian theology of that religion.
Globalizing Solidarity: Christian Anthropology and the Challenge of Human Liberation
Authors: Groody Daniel G.
Published: February 2014

The article examines the role of theology in the context of globalization and its challenges to the human community. It explores the issue of human solidarity in the context of increasing economic polarities, cultural upheavals, and social disintegration. It offers an “overview” of globalization by looking at the current demographics of the global village, an “under-view” by examining the problem of poverty, and an “inner-view” by investigating the role the human heart plays in our current world (dis)order. In sum, the article describes contours of a liberating theological anthropology for a globalized modern world.
Globalization with a Human Face: Catholic Social Teaching and Globalization
Authors: Himes Kenneth R.
Published: February 2014

Globalization raises an array of moral issues. The legacy of Catholic social teaching offers “ethical coordinates” that may prove useful in guiding globalization in a manner that advances the human good. At the same time the new social context being shaped by globalization demands that the tradition of Catholic social teaching undergo development in order to adequately address the changing global reality. The article highlights both some of the resources within Catholic social teaching and some of the challenges presented to the tradition when assessing globalization.
The Sacramental World in the Sentences of Peter Lombard
Authors: Finn Thomas M.
Published: February 2014

The article studies the sacramental teaching in Peter Lombard's Sentences, a work that quickly became the principal theology text in the schools and universities from the High Middle Ages until the Counter Reformation. The study places Peter and the Sentences in the context of twelfth-century Europe's renaissance of learning; it includes an analysis of Peter's theology of the sacraments in general and, in particular, of penance and marriage, the most controversial sacraments of his era.
The Role of Victim Embarrassment in Explaining Why Apologies Affect Reported (But Not Actual) Forgiveness
Authors: Struthers C. Ward , Santelli Alexander G. , Khoury Careen , Pang Melissa , Young Rebecca E. , Kashefi Yasaman , Marjanovic Zdravko , Phills Curtis , Nash Kyle , Vasquez Noelia A.
Published: February 2014

This research examines the mediating role of victims’ embarrassment in explaining why apologies from transgressors sometimes affect victims’ reported forgiveness, but not actual forgiveness toward transgressors. Victims sometimes insincerely communicate forgiveness following a transgressor’s apology because they feel put on the spot and embarrassed and try to escape the awkwardness of such situations. The results of an online experiment supported our hypothesis by showing that victim embarrassment mediated the relation between a transgressor’s apology and victims’ reported forgiveness but not between a transgressor’s apology and victims’ experienced forgiveness.
The European Association for Palliative Care basic dataset to describe a palliative care cancer population: Results from an international Delphi process
Authors: Sigurdardottir Katrin R , Kaasa Stein , Rosland Jan H , Bausewein Claudia , Radbruch Lukas , Haugen Dagny F ,   on behalf of PRISMA
Published: February 2014

Background:

One of the barriers identified in palliative care research is the lack of common criteria to describe the population.

Aim:

The aim of this Delphi process was to obtain consensus on a basic set of core variables to describe or classify a palliative care cancer population.

Design and setting:

This was a five-step international Delphi exercise. A total of 117 experts were invited to participate. Based on a literature review and analyses of existing minimum datasets for national databases, a list of 18 proposed variables was presented in the first Delphi round. The two first rounds focused on which variables to include, and several new variables were proposed. The three last Delphi rounds focused on how the agreed variables should be recorded. Consensus was defined as at least 70% agreement.

Results:

A total of 64 experts from 30 countries participated. High consensus was reached on 31 variables, divided between a ‘patient form’ – date of birth, gender, living situation, education, ethnicity and 12 symptoms – and a ‘health-care personnel form’ – patient’s date of birth, principal diagnosis, date of the principal diagnosis, stage of the cancer disease, site of metastases, present anticancer treatment, main additional diagnoses, stage of the additional diagnoses, medication, weight loss, performance status, cognitive impairment, place of care and provision of care. It was more difficult to agree upon how to record the variables, but consensus was reached on all except ethnicity, vomiting and weight loss.

Conclusion:

Consensus was reached on a set of core variables and how they should be recorded.
The consequences of additional cognitive load on performing musicians
Authors: Çorlu Muzaffer , Muller Chris , Desmet Frank , Leman Marc
Published: February 2014

When musicians play music, they seem to be fully concentrating and occupied with their performance. But what happens when concentration is affected, such as during examinations or concert performances? Our hypothesis was that the expressiveness of the music would be affected due to the fact that an additional cognitive load would occupy the cognitive resources that are needed for the timing and articulation of the musical action. To test this hypothesis, we asked experienced musicians to perform a musical piece with and without a secondary task (dual task condition). Jury judgements revealed that pieces performed under an additional cognitive load suffered a decrease in expressiveness. An analysis of the audio recordings revealed that for almost all performances, the durations of the pauses in between musical phrases during the performance in dual task conditions were significantly shorter than those performed without a secondary task, while the musical phrases themselves were not affected in their duration. We attribute this phenomenon to the fact that musicians can base the timing during playing on a (non-cognitive) corporeal reference, while during the pauses, this reference is lost. Insight into this effect may lead to educational practices that teach how to cope with additional load.
‘A device for being able to book P&L’: The organizational embedding of the Gaussian copula
Authors: MacKenzie Donald , Spears Taylor
Published: February 2014

This article, the second of two articles on the Gaussian copula family of models, discusses the attitude of ‘quants’ (modellers) to these models, showing that contrary to some accounts, those quants were not ‘model dopes’ who uncritically accepted the outputs of the models. Although sometimes highly critical of Gaussian copulas – even ‘othering’ them as not really being models – they nevertheless nearly all kept using them, an outcome we explain with reference to the embedding of these models in inter- and intra-organizational processes: communication, risk control and especially the setting of bonuses. The article also examines the role of Gaussian copula models in the 2007–2008 global crisis and in a 2005 episode known as ‘the correlation crisis’. We end with the speculation that all widely used derivatives models (and indeed the evaluation culture in which they are embedded) help generate inter-organizational co-ordination, and all that is special in this respect about the Gaussian copula is that its status as ‘other’ makes this role evident.
Measurement of local relative displacements in large structures
Authors: Tesauro Angelo , Eder Martin A , Nielsen Magda
Published: February 2014

This article presents a novel measurement technique to measure local relative displacements between parts of large-scale structures. The measured deformations can be of significant importance for fracture analyses in many different types of structures in general and for adhesive connections in particular. The measurement of small local relative displacements in structures subjected to large global deformations is complex and hardly feasible with conventional measurement methods. Therefore, a small displacement measurement system has been devised. The small displacement measurement system is based on stereo photogrammetry and capable of measuring three-dimensional local displacements with a high degree of accuracy. In this article, the technique is used to measure local deformations in the vicinity of the adhesive trailing edge joint of a wind turbine rotor blade. The small displacement measurement system results correspond well with another independent measurement method.
You Looking at Her “Hot” Body May Not be “Cool” for Me
Authors: Tylka Tracy L. , Kroon Van Diest Ashley M.
Published: February 2014

Within objectification theory research, sexual objectification is typically operationalized as interpersonal sexual objectification—being targets of body evaluation and unwanted sexual advances. We argue that women’s male partners’ pornography use could be integrated within objectification theory as another form of sexual objectification and negatively linked to women’s well-being. College women ( N = 171) rated how often their current and previous male partners viewed pornography and whether pornography use bothered them. They also completed measures of objectification theory constructs, internalization of cultural beauty standards, relationship attachment, self-esteem, body appreciation, and negative affect. The extent to which women were bothered by partner pornography use was controlled in all analyses. Path analysis revealed that previous partners’ pornography use (a) directly predicted interpersonal sexual objectification, internalization, and eating disorder symptomatology and (b) indirectly predicted body surveillance and body shame through internalization. In hierarchical regressions, previous partners’ pornography use inversely predicted self-esteem and body appreciation and positively predicted relationship anxiety and negative affect. Current partners’ pornography use was not linked to any criterion. Researchers should more comprehensively examine partners’ pornography use in relation to women’s distress. Practitioners may consider exploring male partners’ pornography use in female clients’ relationship histories and its potential associations with their well-being when relevant to them. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ's website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental .
Applied research of stainless steel fiber-filled acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer composites
Authors: Luo Xian-nan , Fang Xiang , Wu Ke-gang , Chen Zhi-yang , Guo Tian-tian , Wang Qing-tao
Published: February 2014

Composite is prepared by filling acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer with stainless steel fiber. Its physical properties and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness are tested. When the mass percent of stainless steel fiber is 15%, shielding effectiveness of composite is 21–59 dB in frequency band of 15 MHz to 3 GHz and cylindrical shell is made of it. Experiments under radiation of X-band high power microwave and ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse are conducted in microwave anechoic chamber while magnetic fuzes connected with electrical fire head are placed at the center of cylindrical shell. Results show good agreement with test. Coupling effect is analyzed while shell has a hole or slot of millimeter level.
Numerical study on the nitrogen oxide emissions of biodiesel–diesel blends in a light-duty diesel engine
Authors: Li Juncheng , Han Zhiyu , Shen Cai , Lee Chia-fon
Published: February 2014

The nitrogen oxide emissions characteristics of biodiesel–diesel blends in a light-duty diesel engine operating at a moderate load are investigated using KIVA coupled with chemical kinetics. Pure diesel, 20 vol % biodiesel–80 vol % diesel and 50 vol % biodiesel–50 vol % diesel are investigated. A reduced mechanism concerning methyl butanoate and n-heptane is applied in the combustion model. The characteristics of the combustion and nitrogen oxide emissions for different fuels are compared. The effects of the injection timing and the exhaust gas recirculation rate on the nitrogen oxide emissions are of particular interest. The results show that 50 vol % biodiesel–50 vol % diesel has the shortest ignition delay, the longest spray penetration and the lowest fuel-to-oxygen equivalence ratio at the spray tip under the same initial conditions, which results in the highest nitrogen oxide emissions. As the injection timing is retarded, the nitrogen oxide emissions of blended fuels gradually decrease. The nitrogen oxide emissions of 50 vol % biodiesel–50 vol % diesel are close to those of the diesel case with increasing exhaust gas recirculation rate from 19.6% to 25%. By further increasing the exhaust gas recirculation rate to 28%, the nitrogen oxide emissions can be reduced further. It is thus suggested that increasing the exhaust gas recirculation rate by a small amount is more effective in controlling the formation of nitrogen oxides for blends with a high biodiesel content than injection timing retardation is at a moderate engine load.
A Visual-Familiarity Account of Evidence for Orthographic Processing in Baboons (Papio papio)
Authors: Vokey John R. , Jamieson Randall K.
Published: February 2014

Grainger, Dufau, Montant, Ziegler, and Fagot (2012a) taught 6 baboons to discriminate words from nonwords in an analogue of the lexical decision task. The baboons more readily identified novel words than novel nonwords as words, and they had difficulty rejecting nonwords that were orthographically similar to learned words. In a subsequent test (Ziegler, Hannagan, et al., 2013), responses from the same animals evinced a transposed-letter effect. These three effects, when seen in skilled human readers, are taken as hallmarks of orthographic processing. We show, by simulation of the unique learning trajectory of each baboon, that the results can be interpreted equally well as an example of simple, familiarity-based discrimination of pixel maps without orthographic processing.
Behavioral changes of zebrafish according to cisplatin-induced toxicity of the balance system
Authors: Kim MJ , Choi J , Kim N , Han GC
Published: February 2014

Background and objectives:

Zebrafish are commonly used as experimental animals in otolaryngology studies. However, the behavioral characteristics of these fish are not well known, especially those related to the vestibular system. The goal of this study was to evaluate behavioral changes in zebrafish due to toxicity in the balance system.

Materials and methods:

Zebrafish were exposed to 1000 μM cisplatin for 6 h. We, then, periodically monitored swimming depth, total swimming distance, peak swimming velocity, and mean swimming velocity of the fish for approximately 21 days.

Results:

Total swimming distance ( p < 0.0001), peak swimming velocity ( p = 0.0063), and mean swimming velocity ( p < 0.0001) in the cisplatin-administered group were significantly decreased when compared with control fish.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate that cisplatin can alter the locomotion behavior of zebrafish.
Agmatine attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: El-Agamy DS , Sharawy MH , Ammar EM
Published: February 2014

There is a large body of evidence that nitric oxide (NO) formation is implicated in mediating silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. As a reactive free radical, NO may not only contribute to lung parenchymal tissue injury but also has the ability to combine with superoxide and form a highly reactive toxic species peroxynitrite that can induce extensive cellular toxicity in the lung tissues. This study aimed to explore the effect of agmatine, a known NO synthase inhibitor, on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with agmatine for 60 days following a single intranasal instillation of silica suspension (50 mg in 0.1 ml saline/rat). The results revealed that agmatine attenuated silica-induced lung inflammation as it decreased the lung wet/dry weight ratio, protein concentration, and the accumulation of the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Agmatine showed antifibrotic activity as it decreased total hydroxyproline content of the lung and reduced silica-mediated lung inflammation and fibrosis in lung histopathological specimen. In addition, agmatine significantly increased superoxide dismutase ( p < 0.001) and reduced glutathione ( p < 0.05) activities with significant decrease in the lung malondialdehyde ( p < 0.001) content as compared to the silica group. Agmatine also reduced silica-induced overproduction of pulmonary nitrite/nitrate as well as tumor necrosis factor α. Collectively, these results demonstrate the protective effects of agmatine against the silica-induced lung fibrosis that may be attributed to its ability to counteract the NO production, lipid peroxidation, and regulate cytokine effects.
Freedom and Imperative
Authors: Torgé Cristina Joy
Published: February 2014

This article explores mutual caregiving between older spouses aging with physical disabilities. Nine older couples, where both partners had lived long lives with physical disabilities, were interviewed as dyads about mutual caregiving. The couples not only had access to different kinds and degrees of formal support but also provided mutual care to each other in a variety of ways. Interview coding using grounded theory led to two overarching categories from which motivation for mutual caregiving could be understood. These categories were Mutual care as freedom and Mutual care as imperative. The results extend understanding about how older couples with disabilities attached meaning to their mutual caregiving, and why mutual care was sometimes preferable, despite the availability of other sources of help and despite practical difficulties of providing this help. These findings suggest that health care professionals need to be sensitive to the dynamics of the couple relationship and carefully explore the couple’s preferences for how formal support can best be provided in ways that honor and sustain the integrity of the couple relationship.
Developing Common Measures in Evaluation Capacity Building
Authors: Labin Susan N.
Published: February 2014

A fundamental reason for doing evaluation capacity building (ECB) is to improve program outcomes. Developing common measures of outcomes and the activities, processes, and factors that lead to these outcomes is an important step in moving the science and the practice of ECB forward. This article identifies a number of existing ECB measurement tools and maps their concepts onto a common framework. This mapping clarifies consensus as well as facilitates selection of instruments and indicators for researchers and practitioners. The framework is an updated version of the Integrated ECB Model (IECB) that was developed from the ECB literature and used in a research synthesis of ECB empirical literature by the author and colleagues. The convergence of concepts revealed by the mapping understates the convergence with other models and literature as the mapping is limited to instruments and does not include concepts from other frameworks or the broader literature. ECB readiness and causal sequencing of activities and outcomes are explored by the use of factor analysis using data from the research synthesis. The findings suggest that the organizational outcomes of ECB include doing and using evaluations, planning future evaluations, and evaluating as part of staff jobs. Mainstreaming indicators were routinizing evaluation, providing opportunities to learn about evaluation, creating new relationships with other organizations and planning future ECB efforts. The results confirm that building evaluation capacity can be distinguished from mainstreaming and suggest that other factors such as evaluative and general organizational capacity, culture, leadership and funding are ECB readiness factors that can enhance ECB outcomes.
Effect of nanofillers on low energy impact performance of sandwich structures with nanoreinforced polyurethane foam cores
Authors: Sachse Sophia , Poruri Manohar , Silva Francesco , Michalowski Slawomir , Pielichowski Krzysztof , Njuguna James
Published: February 2014

Sandwich panels were fabricated with nanoclay-filled polyurethane foams and glass fiber-reinforced polyamide and polypropylenes face sheets. Nanoclay-filled foam cores, with organophilic montmorillonite loadings of 0–10 wt%, were synthesized through polyaddition of the polyol premix with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and bound to the injected molded face sheets. Produced sandwich structures were then subjected to low energy impact (15 J) tests under localized point and surface loads, in an instrumented impact test setup. Additionally, quasi-static compressive behavior of the sandwiches panels was studied. The results showed that the addition of nanoclay in the polyurethane foam core improved both energy absorption and maximal deflection during impact. The improvement in energy absorption was between 66% and 92% for polypropylenes face sheet sandwiches and 23% and 34% for the polyamide face sheet sandwiches during point load. Furthermore, an increase in the compression modulus of 20–37% was recorded for the sandwiches with polyamide face sheets.
Differential effects of weight bias experiences and internalization on exercise among women with overweight and obesity
Authors: Pearl Rebecca L , Puhl Rebecca M , Dovidio John F
Published: February 2014

This study investigated the effects of experiences with weight stigma and weight bias internalization on exercise. An online sample of 177 women with overweight and obesity ( Mage = 35.48 years, MBMI = 32.81) completed questionnaires assessing exercise behavior, self-efficacy, and motivation; experiences of weight stigmatization; weight bias internalization; and weight-stigmatizing attitudes toward others. Weight stigma experiences positively correlated with exercise behavior, but weight bias internalization was negatively associated with all exercise variables. Weight bias internalization was a partial mediator between weight stigma experiences and exercise behavior. The distinct effects of experiencing versus internalizing weight bias carry implications for clinical practice and public health.
The weakest link? Unions, freedom of association and ethical codes: A case study from a factory setting in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ruwanpura Kanchana N.
Published: February 2014

Academic debates on union politics in the Global South have tended to focus on effective union and solidarity campaigns. Labour struggles, however, do not always yield beneficial outcomes for workers. Three decades of neo-liberal policies in Sri Lanka suggests complexities that labour rights advocates would potentially prefer to shy away from. Efforts to re-politicize union rights of labour in an era of economic liberalization require us to sharpen our gaze on these ruptures too. Using workplace ethnography in Sri Lanka, this article details the interactions of management and labour during a struggle over union formation. It suggests that paying detailed attention to the political economy of labour highlights a complex situation in which fostering unionization, despite its importance for the collective will of labour, may require hard work.
The age of affluence revisited: Council estates and consumer society in Britain, 1950–1970
Authors: Hollow Matthew
Published: February 2014

Historians and sociologists have long had a fascination with the idea of the postwar British ‘affluent society’. Yet, up until now, most work in this area has been centred upon developments within the private and commercial sectors of the British economy. What this article shows is that rising levels of affluence, and the subsequent emergence of mass consumerism, also had quite profound effects upon the British public sector during the 1950s and 1960s. Using the public housing sector as the case study through which to explore these changes, this article shows how the increased emphasis upon consumer spending and consumer choice in this period not only resulted in heightened levels of consumption within the domestic sphere, but also fundamentally altered the shape and meaning of the council estate home.
Analysis of the Benefits and Costs of a National Campaign to Promote Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Ekwueme Donatus U. , Howard David H. , Gelb Cynthia A. , Rim Sun Hee , Cooper Crystale P.
Published: February 2014

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign (SFL) is one of the longest running national multimedia campaigns to promote colorectal cancer screening. Since its inception in 1999, no study has quantified the benefits and costs of SFL. We modeled the impact of SFL campaign on screening rates, assuming that the effect size would range from 0.5% to 10% of the unscreened population exposed to the campaign in the last 14 years. Given the estimated benefits of the campaign and costs, we calculated the cost per person screened (2012 dollars). We hypothesize that if 0.5% of the population exposed to campaign messages were screened for colorectal cancer, an additional 251,000 previously unscreened individuals would be screened. The average cost of SFL per person screened would be $2.44. On the other hand, if 10% of the population exposed to campaign messages were screened, an additional 5.01 million individuals would be screened. The average cost per person screened would be $0.12. Results indicate that SFL improves screening rates at a relatively low cost per person screened. The findings in this study provide an important starting point and benchmark for future research efforts to determine the benefits and costs of health communication campaigns to promote cancer prevention.
Early Detection of Cognitive-Linguistic Change Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Fleming Valarie B.
Published: February 2014

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may present with subtle declines in linguistic ability that go undetected by tasks not challenging enough to tax a relatively intact cognitive-linguistic system. This study was designed to replicate and extend a previous study of cognitive-linguistic ability in MCI using a complex discourse production task. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) complex discourse production differentiates individuals with MCI from individuals who are cognitively normal and (b) decreases in complex discourse production ability in MCI are related to declines in the planning and cognitive flexibility components of executive function (EF). Nine adults with MCI and nine age- and gender-matched controls participated in this study. Participants were assessed in terms of general cognition, naming ability, components of EF, and spoken discourse production. Performance on the experimental spoken discourse production task distinguished the groups on a measure of quality but not on length or complexity. The EF component of cognitive flexibility appeared important to discourse production ability. Results of this study provide further support for the use of a complex discourse production task as a tool for early detection of MCI.
Warp–weft directional bending properties of multistitched biaxial woven E-glass/polyester nano composites
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Yolacan Gaye
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to understand the warp–weft directional bending properties of the developed two-dimensional multistitched multilayer E-glass/polyester woven nano composites. The warp–weft directional specific bending strengths and modulus of unstitched/nano composite structures were higher than those of the unstitched structures. Contrarily, the warp–weft directional specific bending strengths and modulus of unstitched structure were higher than those of the machine stitched and machine stitched/nano structures due to stitching caused filament breakages. When the stitching direction increased, the warp–weft directional bending strengths and modulus of the structures decreased. The warp–weft directional specific damaged areas of unstitched structure were higher than those of the multistitched and multistitched/nano structures. The addition of nano silica to the stitched structures improved their damage resistance slightly. It was generally found that when the number of stitching directions and stitching density in structures increased, the damaged areas of structures decreased. The failure of warp–weft directional multistitched and multistitched/nano woven E-glass/polyester composite structures was matrix breakages, partial and complete filaments, and yarn (tow) breakages in their surfaces. They had a local delamination in their cross-sections and the delamination did not propagate to the large areas due to multiple stitching. The failure was confined at a narrow area due to multistitching and resulted in the catastrophic fiber breakages. This was considered that the damage tolerance performance of the multistitched structures was enhanced due to stitching, in particular, at four directional stitching.
Student perceptions of social justice and social justice activities
Authors: Torres-Harding Susan R , Steele Cheronda , Schulz Erica , Taha Farah , Pico Chantal
Published: February 2014

Encouraging students to engage in activities that actively seek to promote social justice is a goal of many educators. This study analyzed college student perceptions around social justice and related activities in a medium-sized, urban university in the United States. Students’ open-ended responses to questions assessing their perceptions of social justice and related social justice activities were coded, and a set of categories were developed. After establishing adequate inter-rater reliability for these categories, the associations between these categories with Global Belief in a Just World Scale, Symbolic Racism Scale, Neosexism Scale, and Perry Public Service Motivation Scale were explored. The results and implications of these analyses are presented and discussed.
A correlation study of the American Shoulder and Elbow Society Score and the Oxford Shoulder Score with the use of regression analysis to predict one score from the other in patients undergoing reverse shoulder joint arthroplasty for cuff tear arthropathy
Authors: Hapuarachchi Kamal S , Poon Peter C
Published: February 2014

Background

More than 30 different scoring systems are available for evaluating outcomes of shoulder surgery. Unfortunately, given the multitude of scoring systems, there is no objective method to compare results between studies when different scoring systems are utilized.

Methods

We compared the American Shoulder and Elbow Society score (ASES) and the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty for cuff tear arthropathy. Twenty-nine patients had the ASES and OSS recorded pre-operatively, and at 6 and 12 months follow-up. The paired scores were assessed for their degree of correlation and sensitivity to change over time. Linear regression analysis was used to formulate a regression equation to predict one score from the other.

Results

The ASES and OSS correlated well with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.91 ( p < 0.0001, n = 87). Both scores were sensitive to change. Regression analysis yielded a formula to predict the ASES from the OSS and vice versa with good accuracy ( r2 = 0.83, F1,85 = 422.6, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Where good correlation exists, regression formulae can be used to accurately predict one score from the other in a specific population that it has been validated for. This can be of benefit when objectively comparing outcomes between studies using these two scoring systems.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Armstrong Ehrin J. , Waltenberger Johannes , Rogers Jason H.
Published: February 2014

Patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease represent a challenging and growing subset of the population. Although surgical revascularization is the preferred treatment for patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease with stable angina, a significant proportion of diabetic patients undergo percutaneous revascularization due to comorbidities, presence of single-vessel disease, or presentation with myocardial infarction. The development of drug-eluting stents has significantly improved the results of percutaneous revascularization among diabetic patients, but a number of challenges remain, including higher rates of restenosis and stent thrombosis among diabetic patients. With current technologies, the outcomes of diabetic patients treated with noninsulin agents have approached that of nondiabetic patients. In comparison, patients with diabetes who require insulin therapy represent a high-risk cohort with increased rates of target vessel failure after coronary revascularization. The development of bioresorbable stents and new drug elution systems may provide additional future benefit among patients with diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary artery revascularization.
The Association of Glucose Variability and Home Discharge Among Survivors of Critical Illness Managed With a Computerized Decision-Support Tool for Glycemic Control
Authors: Oud Lavi , Spellman Craig
Published: February 2014

Background:

In–intensive care unit (ICU) glucose variability (GV) is associated with increased mortality. However, the impact of GV on hospital survivors’ morbidity and associated changes in destination at time of hospital discharge are unknown.

Methods:

We studied a retrospective patient cohort in a medical/surgical ICU, requiring insulin infusion, using computer-guided insulin dosing software. Standard deviation (GluSD) and coefficient of variation (GluCV) were used as GV measures. We examined rates of home discharge (H) in the whole cohort and selected subgroups across GV quartiles, between patients with and without H, determinants of H, and determinants of GV and its association with patients’ ICU length of stay (LOS).

Results:

A total of 351 patients met study criteria. The association of GV and H varied among examined subgroups. H increased with GV quartile (GluSD; P = .004). GV was higher in patients with H than non-H (GluSD 36.1 vs 30.0 mg/dl, respectively; P = .002). Increased GV was not a predictor of reduced H on multivariate analysis. GV was inversely associated with patients’ ICU LOS in all examined subgroups. Increased number of hypoglycemic events and time to attain target glycemia were independent predictors of reduced H.

Conclusions:

GV was not associated with adverse impact on H in the present cohort, and its prognostic impact should be considered in the context of ICU LOS of examined patient populations. Further studies are needed to examine the morbidity effects of GV and other glycemia-related measures among hospital survivors of critical illness across varying ICU populations, glycemic control approaches, and glycemic targets.
Changes in Insulin Requirements From the Onset of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) Until Optimization of Glycemic Control
Authors: Chico Ana , Tundidor Diana , Jordana Lluis , Saigi Ignasi , Maria Miguel A. , Corcoy Rosa , Leiva A. de
Published: February 2014

Aims:

The aim was to evaluate changes in insulin requirements from onset of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) until glucose optimization in type 1 diabetes and to determine patient characteristics to be considered when CSII is implemented.

Materials and methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 74 type 1 diabetic patients over a follow-up of 5 months after starting CSII. Patients without a decrease in HbA1c levels at the end of follow-up were excluded. We compared total daily doses (TDD), basal/bolus distribution, basal diurnal/nocturnal proportion, number of basal segments, and HbA1c levels in relation to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, and indication for CSII.

Results:

At follow-up, HbA1c decreased by 0.75%, TDD decreased by 18%, basal rate was 60% of TDD, and diurnal basal rate was 60% of total basal rate. Insulin requirements were higher in males and in obese patients. Female patients and patients with longer diabetes duration showed a higher percentage of basal insulin. The number of basal segments was 4.9 ± 2.9. Basal requirements were higher in the second half of the nocturnal period. The dawn phenomenon was more relevant in men. Improvements in glycemic control were more marked in younger patients, in patients with higher HbA1c, in patients using more basal segments, and in patients initiating CSII for glucose control before pregnancy.

Conclusions:

Sex, diabetes duration, and BMI should be considered when initiating CSII. Our findings may help clinicians in clinical decision making regarding CSII therapy.
Nurses Lead the Way for “Safe in the Sun” Play!
Authors: Parsons Mary , Moore Lauren
Published: February 2014

Skin cancer prevention is of great importance as it is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Much skin damage occurs early in life. Adolescents are a vulnerable population, as they strive to fit in with their peers, and they neglect sun safety habits. Since a substantial portion of adolescents’ time is spent at school, school nurses are in an ideal position to develop and lead a sun safety action plan, using guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and evidence-based sun safety internet resources. It is hoped that incorporating a culture of skin health promotion and disease prevention among teens will lead to improved health outcomes in the future.
The novel arylindolylmaleimide PDA-66 displays pronounced antiproliferative effects in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Kretzschmar Christin , Roolf Catrin , Langhammer Tina-Susann , Sekora Anett , Pews-Davtyan Anahit , Beller Matthias , Frech Moritz J , Eisenlöffel Christian , Rolfs Arndt , Junghanss Christian
Published: February 2014

Background

Prognosis of adult patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still unsatisfactory. Targeted therapy via inhibition of deregulated signaling pathways appears to be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of ALL. Herein, we evaluated the influence of a novel arylindolylmaleimide (PDA-66), a potential GSK3β inhibitor, on several ALL cell lines.

Methods

ALL cell lines (SEM, RS4;11, Jurkat and MOLT4) were exposed to different concentrations of PDA-66. Subsequently, proliferation, metabolic activity, apoptosis and necrosis, cell cycle distribution and protein expression of Wnt and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were analyzed at different time points.

Results

PDA-66 inhibited the proliferation of ALL cells significantly by reduction of metabolic activity. The 72 h IC50 values ranged between 0.41 to 1.28 μM PDA-66. Additionally, caspase activated induction of apoptosis could be detected in the analyzed cell lines. PDA-66 influenced the cell cycle distribution of ALL cell lines differently. While RS4;11 and MOLT4 cells were found to be arrested in G2 phase, SEM cells showed an increased cell cycle in G0/1 phase.

Conclusion

PDA-66 displays significant antileukemic activity in ALL cells and classifies as candidate for further evaluation as a potential drug in targeted therapy of ALL.