bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recambio de agua, su efecto sobre características físico-químicas y crecimiento en juveniles de tilapia roja
Authors:   Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Monagas, Escuela de Zootecnia, Departamentos de Nutrición Animal y Forrajes, y Producción e Industria Animal, Venezuela, Rivas Salazar Deyanira , Silva-Acuña Ramón ,   Universidad de Oriente, Postgrado de Agricultura Tropical, Campus Juanico, Maturín, Monagas, Venezuela, Barrios Maestre Renny ,   Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Monagas, Escuela de Zootecnia, Departamentos de Nutrición Animal y Forrajes, y Producción e Industria Animal, Venezuela., Noriega Salazar Adrianyela ,   Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Monagas, Escuela de Zootecnia, Departamentos de Nutrición Animal y Forrajes, y Producción e Industria Animal, Venezuela.
Published: June 2021

Se evaluó el efecto de las tasas de recambio sobre las características físico-químicas del agua, rendimiento productivo y modelo de ajuste de crecimiento de juveniles de tilapia roja (Oreochromis spp.). Se utilizaron 15 acuarios de 53 L con 10 juveniles cada uno bajo los siguientes tratamientos; recambio de agua 25% diario, 50% cada 7 días y sin recambio, cada tratamiento con 5 réplicas, en el diseño completamente aleatorizado. Los acuarios fueron colmados con agua proveniente de tanques de cultivo de peces del laboratorio. Se utilizaron 150 juveniles entre 6 y 8 cm de longitud total, alimentados a una tasa de 8% de la biomasa. Los peces se distribuyeron de manera aleatoria en grupos de diez por acuario o unidad experimental. Se cuantificaron las variables masa y longitud total; se midió la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto, pH, amonio no ionizado y nitratos en el agua de los acuarios y sus valores comparados por la prueba LSD (p≤0,05); de manera similar, se evalúo el grado de ajuste de la masa y longitud con diferentes modelos de crecimiento. Se concluyó que el recambio diario de 25% del agua favoreció el crecimiento de los juveniles de tilapia roja, en masa y longitud final de 12,16 g y 8,81 cm, respectivamente. De manera similar, en este tratamiento se observó los menores valores promedios de temperatura y nitratos, y los más elevados de oxígeno disuelto y amonio no ionizado. El modelo exponencial presentó el mejor ajuste para la masa y longitud total de los juveniles de tilapia roja.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance of bisphenol A over TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst by improving specific surface area under simulation natural light
Authors: Minh-Vien Le  , Huynh Huu Tai  , Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh  , Ngo Manh Thang  , Ho Thi Ngoc Suong
Published: June 2021

The application of natural light in photocatalytic process is a potential energy source. In this study, TiO2-SiO2 nanoparticles with outstandingly enhanced photocatalytic activity have been fabricated by sol-gel method. The prepared photocatalysts with different molar ratio of TiO2:SiO2 as 100:0; 95:5; 85:15 and 75:25 were denoted as TiO2, TS5, TS15 and TS25, respectively. Characterization of these photocatalysts was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 Adsorption and Desorption isotherms method (Brunauer–Emmet–Teller, BET). The specific surface area was improved in TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst namely 193.9 m2.g-1 (at molar ratio of TiO2:SiO2 of 95:5) compared to 33.6 m2.g-1 of TiO2. The crystallite size was calculated around 5 nm from XRD data and uniform particle size distribution was observed in TEM image. The photocatalytic experiments were performed with bisphenol A (BPA) as model compound of organic pollutant. The effect of various operation parameters such as initial concentration, initial solution pH and photocatalyst dosage has been investigated. The kinetic studies of the photocatalytic degradation BPA over TS5 followed the pseudo-first order (k=1.09×10-2 min-1) and degradation yield to be 82.4% BPA, at pH6.23, initial concentration to be 10 ppm and photocatalyst dosage to be 1.0 g.L-1. The photocatalyst TS5 maintained activity after four cycles and remained 78%. The TiO2-SiO2 composite photocatalyst has shown to be a promising heterogeneous photocatalyst for organic degradation.
Preparation and characterization of mesoporous zeolite from solid waste
Authors: Nguyen Truong Gia Hao  , Tran Huynh Gia Huy  , Nguyen Thi Truc Phuong  , Le Nguyen Quang Tu  , Nguyen Van Dung  , Ngo Thanh An  , Nguyen Quang Long
Published: June 2021

In this study, experimental results on mesoporous zeolite preparation from a common solid waste, the rice husk ash by a top-down and bottom-up approach were reported. In top-down method, the consecutive treatments of zeolite by acid and alkaline in the presence of a cationic surfactant (CTAB) successfully generated mesopores in the zeolite. In bottom-up method, the sufficient added amount of CTAB in the gel composition could form mesopores in the zeolite. The obtained mesoporous zeolite possessed mesopore with a size of around 3-6 nm in both top-down and bottom-up approaches. As a result, the pore volume of the mesoporous zeolite was significantly increased by more than 60% when comparing to the “parent” rice-husk-ash derived zeolite. Significantly, the mesopore surface area of the mesoporous zeolite could be 2.4 times higher than that of the parent zeolite.
Study effect of temperature on copolymerization reactions and performance of copolymer used as pour point depressant for Diamond crude oil, Blocks 01 and 02, offshore Vietnam
Authors: Dao Viet Than  , Thai Hong Chuong  , Dao Quoc Tuy  , Bui Dac Trung
Published: June 2021

Diamond oil field is located in Blocks 01&02 Offshore Vietnam. Crude oil from Diamond Well Head Platform (WHP) is evacuated to FPSO via 20km - 10” subsea flexible pipeline. The lowest seabed temperature in the field is 22˚C, while pour point temperature of this crude oil is very high (36˚C) due to high parafin content (about 25% by weight). So studying to copolymerize a copolymer use to reduce pour point temperature of this oil is very important. The copolymer must have ability to reduce pour point temperature of the crude oil from 36˚C to 21˚C

The copolymer will be copolymerized from acrylate, methacrylate and vinyl acetate monomer. And there are many factors which impact on copolymerization reaction and therefore they will impact on the structure and performance of the said copolymer. One of the most important factor is the temperature of reactions.

Therfore the aim of this research is to choose an appropriated reaction temperature to produce a copolymer which can reduce pour point temperature of Diamond crude oil from 36˚C to 21˚C at dosage of 1.750ppmv
Preparation of MoS2 nano-corals by hydrothermal method for adsorption of tartrazine in the aqueous medium
Authors: Mac Van Hung  , Vu Anh Tuan
Published: June 2021

Corals-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The as-prepared MoS2 material with a high surface area of 83.9 m2.g-1 was used for the removal of tartrazine from an aqueous solution. The effects of parameters including contact time, MoS2 dosage, and solution pH on adsorption capacity were studied. The optimal dosage of MoS2 for removing tartrazine was 0.08 g and the removal efficiency of tartrazine reached 81.5 % for 100 min of adsorption. The adsorption kinetics studies were carried out using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models. The results showed that the pseudo-second-kinetic model better described the adsorption kinetics of tartrazine on MoS2 and film diffusion was the rate-limiting step. In addition, the adsorption capacity of MoS2 was also performed with various organic dyes such as nile blue, janus green B, and congo red.
Tahmin et-Gözle-Açıkla (TGA) Yöntemiyle Desteklenen Etkinliklerin Lise 10. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Kimya Dersi Başarıları Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ALKAN Fatma , ÖZSOY Sibel , YÜCEL Ayşem Seda
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kimya dersi 10. sınıf müfredatındaki “Endüstri ve Canlılarda Enerji” ünitesi içerisinde bulunan “Hidrokarbonlar” konusunun Tahmin et-Gözle-Açıkla TGA yöntemiyle desteklenmiş çalışma yaprakları ile öğretiminin öğrencilerin kimya dersi başarıları üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında iki Anadolu Lisesinde öğrenim gören dört farklı 10. sınıf şubesinde öğrenim gören 100 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. İki deney grubu, iki kontrol grubu bulunmaktadır. Deney gruplarında TGA destekli çalışma yaprakları uygulanırken, kontrol gruplarında geleneksel yöntem uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kimya dersi başarı testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada lise öğrencilerinin kimya dersi başarı öntest puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir, öntestler arasındaki bu etkiyi ortadan kaldıracak analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kimya dersi başarı testi sontest puanları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anlamlı farklılık Deney 1 grubu ile Kontrol 2 grubu arasındadır. Bu sonuç TGA destekli çalışma yapraklarının kimya dersi başarısını artırmada etkili bir öğretim materyali olduğunu göstermektedir.
EVLİ KADINLARIN PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ DÜZEYLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: TÜRKİYE -AZERBAYCAN KARŞILAŞTIRMASI
Authors: MAHARRAMOVA Elnara , KUMCAĞIZ Hatice
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de ve Azerbaycan’da yaşamakta olan evli kadınların psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin çeşitli faktörlere göre incelenerek karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Türkiye’den 207, Azerbaycan’dan ise 225 evli kadın ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Evli Kadın ve Erkeklerde Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, t- testi, varyans analizi ve gruplar arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesi amacı ile Duncan çoklu karşılaştırma testi yapılmıştır Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgularda, Türkiye’de ve Azerbaycan’da yaşayan evli kadınların algıladıkları ekonomik gelir düzeyi, istek / sorunlarını eşleri ile paylaşma durumu, eşlerini tanıma durumları, evlilikten memnun olma durumları, evliliği bitirmeyi düşünme durumları ile psikolojik iyi oluş düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları ilgili literatür ile tartışılarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
17. YÜZYILA AİT BİR FIKIH KİTABI OLAN TERCÜME-İ SADRU’Ş-ŞERÎʻA’NIN 130B/06-160B/14’Ü KAPSAYAN VARAKLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ TOMBAL Nazan
Published: June 2021

Arapça kökenli bir sözcük olan ve İslam hukuku tabiriyle de bilinen fıkıh, en geniş anlamıyla Müslümanların hukuki bilgi ve birikimi ifade eder. Hem bir davranış biçimi olan hem de İslamiyet’in hukuk kurallarını temsil eden fıkıh, yüzyıllarca Müslümanlara birçok konuda rehberlik etmiş, onların bir sorunla karşılaşmaları durumunda sorunlara çözümler üretmesine katkıda bulunmuştur.

Karahanlı Devleti’nin hükümdarı Satuk Buğra Han’ın 10. yüzyılda İslamiyet’i kabul etmesi ve yayması üzerine Türkler, Müslümanlıkın esaslarını öğrenmek ve öğretmek için birçok eser yazmışlardır. İslamiyet’in esas kaynakları olan Kur’an ve Sünnet’in nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğine dair bir bilim dalı olarak kabul edilen pek çok fıkıh eserini de Türkçeye tercüme etmişlerdir. Bu makalede tanıtılan fıkıh metni de böyle bir amaçla kaleme alınmıştır.

Tercüme-i Sadru’ş-Şerîʻa, Sadru’ş-Şerîʻa’nın Şerhü’l-Vikâye olarak bilinen eserinin 17. yüzyılda Mevkûfâtî Muhammed Efendi tarafından Türkçeye yaptığı tercümesidir. Osmanlı Türkçesinin dil özelliklerini taşıyan ve Osmanlı medreselerinde yıllarca ders kitabı olarak okutulan bu tercüme eser, dört ciltten oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmaya konu olan kısım, nikâh kitabı olarak da adlandırılan ikinci cildin 130b/06- 160b/14’ü kapsayan varaklarıdır.

Çalışmada, öncelikle Tercüme-i Sadru’ş-Şerîʻa adlı fıkıh kitabının yazarı ve mütercimi hakkında bilgi verilmiş, ardından da kitabın 130b/06- 160b/14’ü kapsayan varaklarının muhtevası, metnin imla, ses ve dil özelliklerinden bahsedilmiş ve metnin sonuna nüshadan örnek bir varak eklenmiştir.
LOUKİANOS, Gerçek Bir Hikâye (Çev. Emre Poyraz), Pinhan Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2020, ISBN 978-605-7768-35-3, 93 sayfa.
Authors: TİKBAŞ APAK Fadime
Published: June 2021

Samsatlı Loukianos dünyadaki ilk bilimkurgu yazarı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Milattan sonra 175 yılında kaleme aldığı ve uzay yolculuğu ile gezegenler arası savaşlardan bahsettiği eseri, müstakil olarak ilk kez 2020 yılı ekim ayında “Gerçek Bir Hikaye” adıyla Pinhan Yayıncılık tarafından basılmıştır. Yazıda söz konusu eser tanıtılmaktadır.
Şeyh Bedreddin Simâvî’nin Vâridât Adlı Eseri Bağlamında Kelâmî Görüşleri
Authors: ÇAM Süleyman
Published: June 2021

Türk sosyal ve siyasal olayları içinde önemli bir yeri olan Şeyh Bedreddin Simâvî (ö. 823/1420), XIV. ile XV. yüzyıllarda yaşamış, önemli fıkıhçı ve sûfilerden biridir. Vahdet-i vücûd fikrini savunan Şeyh Bedreddin’in, âsî ve bürokratik bir kimliği vardır. Şeyh Bedreddin, fıkıh ve tasavvuf alanında temayüz etmiş bir âlimdir. Ancak adının karıştığı isyanlar nedeniyle ilmî kişiliği yeterince ele alınamamış, dolayısıyla da onun aktivist kişiliği ön plana çıkmıştır. Diğer taraftan Şeyh Bedreddin, İslâm inancına getirdiği farklı yorumlardan dolayı dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Şeyh Bedreddin’in Tefsir, Fıkıh, Nahiv ve Tasavvuf gibi alanlarda birçok eseri bulunmaktadır. Vâridât adlı eseri ise Tasavvuf literatüründe en çok tartışılan kitaplar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu eserde kelâmî görüşlerini dile getiren Şeyh Bedreddin, insanların itikatlarını bozduğu, özellikle de kıyamet ve cismanî haşrı inkâr ettiği gerekçesiyle Osmanlı uleması tarafından ciddi eleştirilere maruz kalmış ve zındıklıkla itham edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Şeyh Bedreddin’in, Vâridât adlı eseri bağlamında kelâmî görüşlerini tespit etmektir. Bu çalışmada Şeyh Bedreddin’in Vâridât’ını, vahdet-i vücûd anlayışıyla yazdığı, mutlak varlık, âhiret, melek, cin, şeytan, cennet, cehennem gibi vb. kelâmî konuları âyet ve hadisler bağlamında farklı bir bakış açıyla yorumladığı ve zamanla İslâm inancının dışına çıkan bâtınî fikirlere sahip bir duruş sergilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (4-8) Öğretim Programı'ndaki Bilişsel Kazanımların Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2018’den itibaren uygulanmaya başlanan Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (4-8) Öğretim Programı’nda yer alan bilişsel kazanımları Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’ne göre analiz etmektir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde programda yer alan 103 kazanım incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma nitel türde ve tarama modelindedir. Çalışmada verilerin toplanmasında doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu’nun 19.01.2018 tarihli ve 2 sayılı kararıyla 2018-2019 öğretim yılından itibaren uygulanmasına karar verilen Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersi (4-8) Öğretim Programı’ndan elde edilmiştir. Programda toplam 125 kazanım yer almaktadır. Bu kazanımların 103’ü bilişsel, 22’si duyuşsaldır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, programda yer alan bilişsel alana ait 103 kazanımdan oluşmaktadır. Bu kazanımlar Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomi’sinin tablosu kullanılarak incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre taksonominin her iki boyutunda da kazanımların alt düzey basamaklarda yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Kazanımların büyük çoğunluğunun bilgi boyutunda olgusal bilgi ve kavramsal bilgi basamaklarında; bilişsel süreç boyutunda ise hatırlama ve anlama basamaklarında olduğu görülmüştür.
THE RIGHT OF ASYLUM IN THE PERIOD OF MODERN STATES FORMATION – SHORT HISTORICAL EXCURSION
Authors: Lojek Antonín , Akın Rıdvan
Published: June 2021

This article outlines the right of asylum as a judicial institute in the early modern period, when modern states have been forming. Special attention is given to the dynamic struggle between the church asylum, as well as the church judicial system in general, and the state’s secular power. Specific attributes of the right of asylum and its evolution in time are studied from different viewpoints; understanding of the term and its content, legal continuity of the right of asylum, conditions, under which asylum was granted and the different forms of asylum. General observations and supported by specific historical examples and references.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SPORTS STUDENTS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MANAGERIAL INTERNSHIP
Authors: Cireș Victoria , Amelicichin Ecaterina
Published: June 2021

According to Vermunt (1998), teaching and learning are interdependent processes that can adjust to each other, by adapting the teaching strategies used by the teacher to the way students use and regulate their learning activities. Teaching, thus involves guiding students in the process of choosing learning strategies that allow the construction, modification and use of knowledge. Such teaching is oriented towards learning processes and implicitly towards the student because it focuses on the processes through which knowledge is built and then applied in practice. Most frequently, studies that have addressed this issue have found an increase in understanding, metacognition, and self-regulation [8,9]. Moreover, studies show that meaning-oriented learning is positively associated with the indicators of study efficiency, even in the case of scores obtained in exams containing factual questions. Reproductive-oriented learning has shown negative correlations with outcome measurement systems. Non-directed learning showed for the most part strong negative relationships with exam performance, while in most cases, application-oriented learning demonstrated a lack of a relationship with academic success. In addition, regular examinations in the first years of higher education hardly manage to capitalize on students' ability to use critical, analytical and concrete processing strategies. [4,10]
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF FUTURE DOCTORS
Authors: Murzina Olena , Morguntsova Svitlana , Raznatovska Olena , Makyeyeva Lyudmila , Pototska Olena
Published: June 2021

In the article we have considered and substantiated scientific approaches to the formation of professional values of future doctors. Among the existing scientific views on the problem of professional training of future doctors, we have identified those that satisfy both in the traditional and in the innovative plane: axiological, competence and technological ones.
МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ: НОВЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА СВЯЗЬ МЕЖДУ НАРРАТИВНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬЮ И НАРРАТОЛОГИЕЙ
Authors: Рустамов Гисмат
Published: June 2021

В статье исследуется новые взгляды на связь между нарративной идетичностью и нарратологии. Помимо исследования идентичности в современной литературе, междисциплинарным методом изучаются возможности, открываемые реальностью, созданной теорией нарративной идентичности и виртуальными идентичностями нового мира в нарратологии, и предлагаются новые тезисы. Таким образом, сделав шаг в свете этих исследований, можно установить связь между нарратологическими исследованиями и проблемами нарративной идентичности.
АЗЕРБАЙДЖАН И АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА В ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ПОЛЬСКИХ ВОСТОКОВЕДОВ XX ВЕКА
Authors: Самир Саттаров
Published: June 2021

Интерес к Азербайджану и азербайджанской литературе в начале XX века обусловлен был, прежде всего, возросшим в Польше интересом к тюркским странам. Исследованиями в области Азербайджана и азербайджанской литературы занимались в этот период прежде всего польские ученые караимского происхождения: Серая Шапшал, Ананяш Зайончковски, Влодимеж Зайонковски, которые искали в Азербайджане корни караимского народа. Кроме польских востоковедов караимского происхождения темой Азербайджана и азербайджанской литературой занимались такие видные польские ученые как Ян Рейхман и Барбара Маевска, научные труды которых и по сей день представляют интерес как для польского так и для азербайджанского литературоведения.
МЕТОД УСУНЕННЯ ПОМИЛОК В НЕЙРОМЕРЕЖЕВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ ПІДТРИМКИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕНЬ
Authors: Осієвський Сергій , Коломійцев Олексій , Третяк Вячеслав , Євстрат Дмитро , Філіппенков Олексій , Логвиненко Євген , Хабоша Сергій
Published: June 2021

Розглянуті питання виявлення помилок в штучних нейромережах, що пов’язані з суперечливістю думок експертів та/або обмеженістю (недосконалістю) опису предметної області. Проаналізовано підходи щодо їх відлагодження. Показані шляхи вдосконалення існуючих підходів щодо відлагодження помилок типу “забування про виключення”. Показано можливі шляхи застосування отриманих рішень для відлагодження помилок “перетин критичних подій”. Запропоновано формалізоване визначення помилки нейромережевої інтелектуальної системи з урахуванням вимог до оперативності і точності подання інформації. Розглянуті питання впливу некоректної організації машинного навчання на точність класифікації елементів нейромережевої інтелектуальної системи. Доведено можливість застосування методів контрастування мереж на підготовчому етапі до тестування бази знань інтелектуальної системи підтримки прийняття рішень, що дозволяє зменшити ймовірність виникнення помилок даного типу для зазначених систем. Наведено класифікацію алгоритмів вибірки знань з інтелектуальної нейронної мережі, виконано їх аналіз та показано, що для виявлення зазначених типів помилок доцільно використовувати модифікований алгоритм GLARE з процедурою адаптації. Наведено блок-схеми алгоритмів відлагодження БЗ ІСППР, що використовують отримані теоретичні рішення. Запропоновано схему організації процесу тестування за рівнями деталізації для інтеграційного та модульного тестування, що може бути застосована для реалізації процесів тестування Agile-методології, зокрема: Agile Modeling, Agile Unified Process, Agile Data Method, Essential Unified Process, Extreme Programming, Feature Driven Development, Getting Real, Open UP, Scrum, Kanban.
A comparison of gap-filling algorithms for eddy covariance fluxes and their drivers
Authors: Mahabbati Atbin , Beringer Jason , Leopold Matthias , McHugh Ian , Cleverly James , Isaac Peter , Izady Azizallah
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The errors and uncertainties associated with gap-filling algorithms of
water, carbon, and energy fluxes data have always been one of the main
challenges of the global network of microclimatological tower sites that use the eddy covariance (EC) technique. To address these concerns and find more efficient gap-filling algorithms, we reviewed eight algorithms to estimate missing values of environmental drivers and nine algorithms for
the three major fluxes typically found in EC time series. We then examined
the algorithms' performance for different gap-filling scenarios utilising
the data from five EC towers during 2013. This research's objectives were (a) to evaluate the impact of the gap lengths on the performance of each
algorithm and (b) to compare the performance of traditional and new
gap-filling techniques for the EC data, for fluxes, and separately for their corresponding meteorological drivers. The algorithms' performance was
evaluated by generating nine gap windows with different lengths, ranging
from a day to 365 d. In each scenario, a gap period was chosen randomly,
and the data were removed from the dataset accordingly. After running each
scenario, a variety of statistical metrics were used to evaluate the
algorithms' performance. The algorithms showed different levels of
sensitivity to the gap lengths; the Prophet Forecast Model (FBP) revealed
the most sensitivity, whilst the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs), for instance, did not vary as much by changing the gap length. The algorithms' performance generally decreased with increasing the gap length, yet the differences were not significant for windows smaller than 30 d. No significant differences between the algorithms were recognised for the meteorological and environmental drivers. However, the linear algorithms showed slight superiority over those of machine learning (ML), except the random forest (RF) algorithm estimating the ground heat flux (root mean square errors – RMSEs – of 28.91 and 33.92 for RF and classic linear regression – CLR, respectively). However, for the major fluxes, ML algorithms and the MDS showed superiority over the other algorithms. Even though ANNs, random forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGB) showed comparable performance in gap-filling of the major fluxes, RF provided more consistent results with slightly less bias against the other ML algorithms. The results indicated no single algorithm that outperforms in all situations, but the RF is a potential alternative for the MDS and ANNs as regards flux gap-filling.
Compaction effects on evaporation and salt precipitation in drying porous media
Authors: Goldberg Nurit , Assouline Shmuel , Mau Yair , Nachshon Uri
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Compaction and salinization of soils reduce croplands fertility, affect natural ecosystems, and are major concerns worldwide. Soil compaction compromises soil structure and affects the soil’s hydraulic properties. It therefore may have a significant impact on evaporation and solute transport processes in the soil. In this work, we investigated the combined processes of soil compaction, bare soil evaporation, and salt precipitation. X-ray computed micro tomography techniques were used to study the geometrical soil pore and grain parameters influenced by compaction. The impact of compaction on evaporation and salt precipitation was studied using column experiments. We found that compaction reduced the average grain size and increased the number of grains, due to the crushing of the grains and their translocation within the compacted soil profile. Changes in pore and grain geometry and size were heterogeneously distributed throughout the soil profile, with changes most apparent near the source of compaction, at the soil surface. The column experiments showed that the presence of small pores in the upper layer of the compacted soil profile leads to higher evaporation rates and salt precipitation, due to the compromised hydraulic connectivity to the soil surface and the prolongation of the first stage of evaporation.
A CASE STUDY OF PEDESTRIAN POSITIONING WITH UWB AND UAV CAMERAS
Authors: Masiero A. , Dabove P. , Di Pietra V. , Piragnolo M. , Vettore A. , Cucchiaro S. , Guarnieri A. , Tarolli P. , Toth C. , Gikas V. , Perakis H. , Chiang K.-W. , Ruotsalainen L. M. , Goel S. , Gabela J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The development and availability on consumer devices of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have dramatically changed the everyday-life of most of the human population, enabling real time navigation on almost any smart device produced in the last years. However, such strong dependence on the availability of the GNSS limits the further spread of location based services to the areas where GNSS is not available or reliable. Motivated by these considerations, several research groups recently considered the problem of developing alternative positioning systems able to compensate the unavailability of GNSS in certain areas. Similarly, this paper also investigates the performance of certain alternative methods, which aim at partially substitute GNSS. In particular, the positioning performance of an affordable Ultra Wide-Band system is compared with that of a vision approach, based on the use of visual information acquired by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flying over the area of interest. In accordance with the results obtained in our dataset, the drone-based vision system usually allow to obtain better positioning results when the pedestrians are visible in the drone video frames (median 2D positioning error less than 25 cm). Nevertheless, the combination of such strategies shall also be investigated in order to obtain a more robust positioning system.
EVALUATION OF 3D UAS FLIGHT PATH PLANNING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Debus P. , Rodehorst V.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The application of image-based methods in inspections and monitoring has increased significantly over recent years. This is especially the case for the inspection of large structures that are not easily accessible for human inspectors. Here, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) can support by generating high-quality images, that contain valuable information about the structure’s condition. To guarantee high quality and completeness for the acquired data, inspection missions are planned in advance by computing a flight path for the UAS, that covers the entire structure with the required quality. Many approaches on this topic exist that aim to solve this planning task. Nevertheless, each publication on this matter mostly stands on its own, working with its own criteria and no comparison to other approaches. Therefore, it is currently not possible to compare different approaches and select the most suitable for a specific scenario. To solve this problem, this work proposes an evaluation pipeline that applies well defined quality criteria on flight paths for close-range image-based inspections. These criteria are limited to fundamental aspects for the evaluation of paths that were created for diverse scenarios with diverse criteria and still find common ground for comparison. As experiments show, this pipeline allows the comparison of different approaches, objectifying the performance and working towards a common understanding of the current state of the art. Finally, the Bauhaus Path Planning Challenge is presented, inviting submissions to a comparison based on this pipeline to collaborate on an objective ranking, available under https://uni-weimar.de/pathplanning.
A PROCEDURE FOR IDENTIFYING INVASIVE WILD PARSNIP PLANTS BASED ON VISIBLE BANDS FROM UAV IMAGES
Authors: Liu J. , Hossain M. D. , Chen D.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Wild parsnip is an invasive plant that has serious health risks to humans due to the toxin in its sap. Monitoring its presence has been a challenging task for conservation authorities due to its small size and irregular shape. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) can obtain ultra-high resolution (UHR) imagery and have been used for vegetation monitoring in recent years. In this study, UAV images captured at Lemoine Point Conservation Area in Kingston, Ontario, are used to test a methodology for distinguishing wild parsnip. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient invasive wild parsnip classification workflow based on UHR digital UAV imagery. Image pre-processing flow includes image orientation, digital elevation model (DEM) and digital surface model (DSM) extractions, and orthomosaicking using Simactive’s software. Three vegetation indices and three texture features are calculated and added to the mosaicked images as additional bands. Image analysis frameworks namely pixel- and object-based method and three classifiers are tested and the object-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) is selected to distinguish wild parsnip from other vegetation types. The optimal image resolutions are undertaken by comparing accuracy assessments. The results provide an executable workflow to distinguish wild parsnip and show that UAV images, with a simple digital camera, are an appropriate and economic resource for small and irregular vegetation detection. This method yields reliable and valid outcomes in detecting wild parsnip plants and demonstrates excellent performance in mapping small vegetation.
IMPROVING THE INTERNAL ACCURACY OF UAV-IMAGE BLOCKS USING LOCAL LOW-ALTITUDE FLIGHTS AND SCALE-BARS
Authors: Maboudi M. , Elbillehy A. , Ghassoun Y. , Gerke M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Accurate image-based measurement based on UAV data is attracting attention in various applications. While the external accuracy of the UAV image blocks could be mainly affected by object-space information like number and distribution of ground control points and RTK-GNSS accuracy, its internal accuracy highly depends on camera specifications, flight height, data capturing setup and accuracy of scale estimation. For many small-scale projects accurate local measurements are highly demanded. This necessitates high internal accuracy of images block which could be transferred from model space to object space by accurate estimation of the scale parameter. This research aims at improving the internal accuracy of UAV image blocks using low-altitude flight(s) over small parts of the project area without using any ground control points. Possible further improvement by using calibrated scale-bars which serve as scale-constraints is also investigated. To this end, different scenarios of the flight configuration and distance measurements in the two photogrammetric blocks are also considered and the results are analyzed. Our investigations show 50% accuracy improvement achieved by performing local flights over small parts of the scene, given that RTK information is available. Moreover, adding accurate scale-bars increased the accuracy improvement to 67%. Furthermore, when RTK information is not available, adding local low-altitude flights and scale-bars decrease the error of local distance measurement form 1–3 meters to less than 4 centimeters.
ANALYSIS OF GEOMETRIC AND ORTHOGONAL CORRECTION ACCURACY FOR CAS-500 SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Lee Y. , Kim T.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper reports on geolocation accuracy of image products generated from Precision Image Processing (PIP) system developed for CAS-500 Satellite images. CAS-500, launched on 22 March, 2021, will be used mainly for land monitoring and 1:5000 scale mapping over the Korean Peninsula. For this purpose, ground control points (GCPs) and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) have been collected over the Peninsula and integrated into the PIP for the generation of precision image product in an automated manner. The goal of this paper is to analyze the geolocation accuracy of image products generated from the PIP. Target geolocation accuracy of the PIP was set as 2 pixel RMSE using the internal GCP DB and DTM. Since CAS-500 images were not distributed yet, the analysis was performed using 13 KOMPSAT-3A satellite images, having similar specifications to CAS-500. The result showed that the accuracy of precise sensor models were about 1.797 pixels in South Korea and 1.907 pixels in North Korea. The accuracy of orthoimages were about 1.24 meters in South Korea and 1.59 meters in North Korea. Overall, the geolocation over North Korea was not as good as that over South Korea. It was judged that the quality of GCPs and DTM over North Korea affected the geolocation accuracy and, however, the accuracy gap was not too severe. The PIP system should produce image products within the targeted geolocation accuracy when CAS-500 delivers high resolution images over the Korean Peninsula.
THE IPAD PRO BUILT-IN LIDAR SENSOR: 3D RAPID MAPPING TESTS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Spreafico A. , Chiabrando F. , Teppati Losè L. , Giulio Tonolo F.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The main goal of this ongoing research is the evaluation of the iPad Pro built-in LiDAR sensor for large scale 3D rapid mapping. Different aspects have been considered from the architectural surveying perspective and several analyses were carried out focusing on the acquisition phase and the definition of best practices for data collection, the quantitative analysis on the acquired data and their 3D positional accuracy assessment, and the qualitative analysis of the achievable metric products. Despite this paper is a preliminary analysis and deeper studies in various application environment are necessary, the availability of a LiDAR sensor embedded in a tablet or mobile phone, appears promising for rapid surveying purposes. According to test outcomes, the sensor is able to rapidly acquire reliable 3D point clouds suitable for 1:200 architectural rapid mapping; the iPad Pro could represent an interesting novelty also thanks to its price (compared to standard surveying instruments), portability and limited time required both for data acquisition and processing.
ACCURACY VALIDATION OF TILTED CAMERA SETUPS IN OPEN SKIES PROJECT AND MAPPING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Motz M. , Kemper G. , Ciobanu D.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Signed March 24, 1992, the Open Skies Treaty permits each state-party to conduct short-notice, unarmed, reconnaissance flights over the others' entire territories to collect data on military forces and activities. Observation aircraft equipped with sensors shall enable the observing party to identify significant military equipment. The Open Skies Treaty agreed on an observation of 30cm GSD. Based on 8 mid-format cameras for 3 flight levels, a system was adjusted to comply with the regulations. However, the overall aim was to also use the system for mapping purposes in Romania, specifically the medium altitude configuration. From this medium altitude configuration, one specific combination raised our interest. The designed wide corridor mapping system, using two RGB tilted cameras and one RGB nadir camera generates a certain range of resolution of the sideward looking tilted cameras and a non-homogenous distribution of the GSD in the overlapping areas. While a reduction of the GSD in the remote parts of the tilted cameras is a well-known and accepted fact, the effect in the overlap of the tilted cameras with the nadir one is the opposite mathematically. In some cases, such an effect can cause a better GSD in these areas than expected.
GENERATING SYNTHETIC 3D POINT SEGMENTS FOR IMPROVED CLASSIFICATION OF MOBILE LIDAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Chitnis S. A. , Huang Z. , Khoshelham K.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Mobile lidar point clouds are commonly used for 3d mapping of road environments as they provide a rich, highly detailed geometric representation of objects on and around the road. However, raw lidar point clouds lack semantic information about the type of objects, which is necessary for various applications. Existing methods for the classification of objects in mobile lidar data, including state of the art deep learning methods, achieve relatively low accuracies, and a primary reason for this under-performance is the inadequacy of available 3d training samples to sufficiently train deep networks. In this paper, we propose a generative model for creating synthetic 3d point segments that can aid in improving the classification performance of mobile lidar point clouds. We train a 3d Adversarial Autoencoder (3dAAE) to generate synthetic point segments that exhibit a high resemblance to and share similar geometric features with real point segments. We evaluate the performance of a PointNet-like classifier trained with and without the synthetic point segments. The evaluation results support our hypothesis that training a classifier with training data augmented with synthetic samples leads to significant improvement in the classification performance. Specifically, our model achieves an F1 score of 0.94 for vehicles and pedestrians and 1.00 for traffic signs.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION FOR BUILDING FAÇADE 3D POINT CLOUD FROM 2D ORTHOPHOTO IMAGES USING TRANSFER LEARNING
Authors: Murtiyoso A. , Lhenry C. , Landes T. , Grussenmeyer P. , Alby E.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The task of semantic segmentation is an important one in the context of 3D building modelling. Indeed, developments in 3D generation techniques have rendered the point cloud ubiquitous. However pure data acquisition only captures geometric information and semantic classification remains to be performed, often manually, in order to give a tangible sense to the 3D data. Recently progress in computing power also opened the way for massive application of deep learning methods, including for semantic segmentation purposes. Although well established in the processing of 2D images, deep learning solutions remain an open question for 3D data. In this study, we aim to benefit from the vastly more developed 2D semantic segmentation by performing transfer learning on a photogrammetric orthoimage. The neural network was trained using labelled and rectified images of building façades. Another programme was then written to permit the passage between 2D orthoimage and 3D point cloud. Results show that the approach worked well and presents an alternative to help the automation process for point cloud semantic segmentation, at least in the case of photogrammetric data.
INFLUENCE OF CO-ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES ON THE CO-REGISTRATION ACCURACY OF MULTI-EPOCH SFM POINTS CLOUDS
Authors: Saponaro M. , Capolupo A. , Caporusso G. , Tarantino E.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The well-established spread of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) as high-performance devices in the acquisition of huge datasets has found a fertile field in the geomorphological change detection in coastal areas. The ability to retrieve image datasets with multi-epoch frequency makes them effectively incisive for planning ongoing monitoring. Considering the wide accessibility to multiple Structure-from-Motion (SfM)-3D point clouds, it follows the need for their proper management to identify a profitable co-registration approach valid for a proper comparison among them. In most cases the co-registration is inherited from the same georeferencing; in other cases, it can be done manually. Unfortunately, these methodologies are time consuming and often do not properly consider geometric errors on the models. The purpose of this research work was therefore to analyse an alternative method such as the co-alignment of sparse point clouds. Given the independently or co-aligned processed multi-epoch datasets, mean errors (ME) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) on Check Points (CPs) were evaluated by adopting different georeferencing strategies. Lastly, by first generating dense point clouds and from these the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), scalar fields regarding DEM of Differences (DoD) were computed and allowed to localize any uncertainties δz among the estimated elevations. A cloud-to-cloud comparison was obtained using the M3C2 algorithm to extrapolate systematic georeferencing errors and the local deviation between models, an evidence of how the method can affect the detectable changes. The co-alignment methodology showed encouraging results proving to be a valid alternative to more traditional approaches.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY POINT CLOUD REGISTRATION USING VIRTUAL CONTROL POINTS
Authors: Zhan K. , Fritsch D. , Wagner J. F.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In this paper we propose a virtual control point based method for the registration of photogrammetry and computed tomography (CT) data. Because of the fundamentally different two data sources, conventional registration methods, such as manual control points registration or 3D local feature-based registration, are not suitable. The registration objective of our application is about 3D reconstructions of gyroscopes, which contain abundant geometric primitives to be fitted in the point clouds. In the first place, photogrammetry and CT scanning are applied, respectively, for 3D reconstructions. Secondly, our workflow implements a segmentation after obtaining the surface point cloud from the complete CT volumetric data. Then geometric primitives are fitted in this point cloud benefitting from the less complex cluster segments. In the next step, intersection operations of the parametrized primitives generates virtual points, which are utilized as control points for the transformation parameters estimation. A random sample consensus (RANSAC) method is applied to find the correspondences of both virtual control point sets using corresponding descriptors and calculates the transformation matrix as an initial alignment for further refining the registration. The workflow is invariant to pose, resolution, completeness and noise within our validation process.
IMPROVING RANSAC FEATURE MATCHING BASED ON GEOMETRIC RELATION
Authors: Elashry A. , Sluis B. , Toth C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Feature Matching between images is an essential task for many computer vision and photogrammetry applications, such as Structure from Motion (SFM), Surface Extraction, Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM), and vision-based localization and navigation. Among the matched point pairs, there are typically false positive matches. Therefore, outlier detection and rejection are important steps in any vision application. RANSAC has been a well-established approach for outlier detection. The outlier ratio and the number of required correspondences used in RANSAC determine the number of iterations needed, which ultimately, determines the computation time. We propose a simple algorithm (GR_RANSAC) based on the two-dimensional spatial relationships between points in the image domain. The assumption is that the distances and bearing angles between the 2D feature points should be similar in images with small disparity, such as the case for video image sequences. In the proposed approach, the distances and angles are measured from a reference point in the first image and its correspondence in the other image, and the points with any significant differences are considered as outliers. This process can pre-filter the matched points, and thus increase the inliers’ ratio. As a result, GR_RANSAC can converge to the correct hypothesis in fewer trial runs than ordinary RANSAC.
EVALUATING SURFACE MESH RECONSTRUCTION OF OPEN SCENES
Authors: Marchand Y. , Vallet B. , Caraffa L.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper addresses the evaluation of algorithms reconstructing a watertight surface from a point cloud acquired on an open scene. The objective is to set a rigorous protocol measuring the quality of the reconstruction and to propose a quality metric that is informative with respect to the various qualities that such an algorithm should have, and in particular its capacity to interpolate and extrapolate accurately. Our approach aims at being more informative and rigorous than previous works on this topic. In addition, we use publicly available data and our implementation is open-source. We argue that a rigorous evaluation of surface reconstruction of open scenes needs to be performed on synthetic data where a perfect continuous ground truth surface is available, so we developed our own LiDAR simulator of which we give a description in the present paper.
3D MODELLING USING AERIAL OBLIQUE IMAGES WITH CLOSE RANGE UAV BASED DATA FOR SINGLE OBJECTS
Authors: Orlik T. , Shechter E. B. , Kemper G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The request for 3D Data for the use of 3D city-models is increasing rapidly. More and more tools are able to deal with data of several sensors, out of video-streams, oblique camera setups with huge overlaps as well as terrestrial data. To achieve high accuracy of the data and a fast processing pipeline, a smart workflow has to be defined and established. However, mixed data sources are still a challenge especially if different sensors with an extremely different GSD are used. This abstracts demonstrates such a workflow, the processing pipeline and the challenges in a mixed data processing. Special calibration and co-calibrating procedures have been applied to get model in model solution managed to solve the dual task of 3D city mapping and cultural heritage conservation. Especially the sensor setup directly influences the geometric accuracy of the product. To do missions for 2–5 cm GSD, metric systems are indispensable while for non-metric applications also simple and cheaper sensors do their job. Besides the different data-sources and sensors, the way of capturing and the related projection is a critical issue. While the classical oblique imaging is a standardized airborne application, captures with UAVs are more like close range photogrammetry on the facades. The combination requests specific pre-processing and definition and transformation steps.