bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inégalités sociales et soins préventifs : le cas du conseil en activité physique délivré par les généralistes
Authors: Bloy Géraldine , Moussard Philippon Laetitia , Rigal Laurent
Published: September 2018

Introduction : Les comportements favorables à la santé sont moins fréquents en bas de l’échelle sociale, ce qui contribue aux inégalités sociales de santé. Par leurs conseils préventifs, les médecins généralistes (MG) peuvent espérer agir sur cette tendance. Notre objectif était de décrire les inégalités sociales en matière d’activité physique (AP) dans les patientèles et de conseil en AP en consultation, et de mieux comprendre leur construction au niveau de la relation médecin/malade. Méthodologie : Prev Quanti a étudié les différences sociales concernant l’AP des patients et le conseil en AP dispensé par leur MG parmi 3 640 patients tirés au sort dans la liste médecin-traitant de 52 MG maîtres de stage franciliens. Prev Quali a exploré la construction des « styles de pratique » pour ce conseil, sur la base de 99 entretiens réalisés avec des MG franciliens « tout-venant ». Résultats : Des gradients sociaux de conseil en AP défavorables au bas de la hiérarchie sociale, où la pratique d’une AP était aussi moins souvent déclarée par les patients, ont été observés. Les entretiens ont souligné une difficulté des MG à considérer en routine l’AP comme un soin médical pertinant, et une pratique peu systématique. Un processus discret de triage entre les patients avec lesquels « il est judicieux » d’aborder l’AP et les autres opère, ce qui produit une sélection sociale indirecte, sans conscience claire des gradients sociaux en la matière. Conclusion : Ne pas creuser les inégalités sociales lors de la promotion de l’AP est un défi pour les MG.
Projet Bien-être : vers un meilleur repérage et accompagnement des femmes présentant des vulnérabilités psychologiques ou sociales
Authors: Ibanez Gladys , Falcoff Hector , Denantes Mady , Magnier Anne-Marie , Baunot Nathalie , Chauvin Pierre , Dommergues Marc , Robert Sarah
Published: September 2018

Près de 10 % des femmes enceintes françaises déclarent avoir ressenti un mal-être psychologique au cours de leur grossesse. Cette prévalence peut être doublée ou triplée parmi les femmes présentant des facteurs de vulnérabilité sociale. Parmi ces femmes, 81,3 % n’ont pas consulté un professionnel de santé au cours de leur grossesse pour ces difficultés. Le projet Bien-être vise à améliorer le repérage précoce des vulnérabilités psychologiques ou sociales et le parcours de soin actuel des femmes enceintes vulnérables, et à évaluer l’intérêt de l’entretien prénatal précoce dans l’accompagnement de ces femmes.
Évaluation des inégalités sociales de santé des traumatisés de la route à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso
Authors: Bonnet Emmanuel , Fillol Amandine , Nikiema Aude , Lechat Lucie , Tall Mohamed , Da Songahir Christophe , Ridde Valery
Published: September 2018

Introduction : Chaque année, plus de 1,2 million de décès sont dus aux accidents de la route dans le monde. C’est la première cause de mortalité des jeunes de 15 à 29 ans. Les accidents de la route et les traumatismes associés ont un impact majeur sur la santé et le développement. De nombreux rapports internationaux évaluent la mortalité et la morbidité des accidents, mais ces études reposent sur une faible disponibilité des données, souvent peu robustes. À partir d’une recherche réalisée à Ouagadougou, la capitale du Burkina Faso, pour estimer la mortalité et la morbidité des accidentés de la route, l’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer les inégalités sociales, spatiales et sanitaires des populations blessées ou tuées lors d’un accident de la route. Méthodes : Entre février et juillet 2015, un enregistrement des accidents de la route par les policiers a été réalisé en utilisant un système de collecte par téléphonie mobile incluant la géolocalisation des accidents. Trois phases d’enquêtes, quantitatives et prospectives, ont ensuite été réalisées auprès des blessés transférés à l’hôpital Yalgado Ouedraogo, le centre de référence pour ces patients. Résultats : Au total, 1 867 entrées aux urgences ont été recensées. La majorité (95 %) des blessés était des usagers vulnérables. Un quartier central et deux périphériques concentrent plus de 30 % des accidents. Le temps de prise en charge moyen est de 1 h 03 pour les victimes secourues par les pompiers et de 3 h 10 pour ceux qui s’y rendaient seuls. Le coût total moyen de la prise en charge est de 126 799 F CFA (193 €) [400-2 000 000 F CFA]. Discussion : Ces résultats identifient les leviers d’actions possibles pour réduire les traumatismes de la route et ses conséquences. Ils démontrent que la mise en place de systèmes de surveillance communs aux forces de police, aux services de secours et de soins sont indispensables pour produire des données probantes.
Parcours de soins en situation de précarité : entre détermination et individualisation
Authors: Desprès Caroline
Published: September 2018

L’article est une synthèse des principales logiques des parcours de soins pour des personnes en situation de précarité. Elle s’appuie sur les résultats d’une recherche anthropologique réalisée en 2011 et en 2012. Une quarantaine d’entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés dans le Nord et en Bourgogne (milieu rural) et visaient à recueillir le récit des parcours de soins dans le cadre de différents événements de santé au cours de l’existence, en les resituant dans une histoire individuelle, familiale et dans leur environnement (social, organisation des soins, etc.). Les résultats montrent différents types de déterminants. Les premiers concernent les normes et règles qui régissent l’accès aux droits et aux soins. Malgré les effets positifs de la CMUc et de l’ACS, les parcours continuent à être fortement contraints économiquement et notamment pour ceux qui sont au-dessus des seuils et n’ont pas de complémentaires-santé. Nous avons par ailleurs repéré une culture de la privation acquise dans l’enfance qui continue à marquer les parcours à l’âge adulte. Enfin, des expériences subjectives de disqualification et de violence symbolique fréquemment relatées chez les personnes précaires, contribuent à un évitement des institutions sociales et/ou de soins afin de préserver une identité fragilisée. Malgré ces déterminations, chaque événement de santé apparaît unique parce qu’inscrit dans une histoire de vie singulière et dans un contexte qui en renouvelle la signification. Les négociations identitaires sont au cœur de leurs conduites de soins.
Classification of Handoff Schemes in a Wi-Fi-Based Network
Authors: Majumder Abhishek , Nath Samir
Published: September 2018

Handoff management of the users is one of the major issues wi-fi-based wireless LAN. The total handoff process can be divided into three phases, namely scanning, authentication, and re-association. If mobile client frequently changes its position while accessing internet, number of handoffs also increases proportionally. Frequent handoffs affect the quality of service of different wireless applications because of large handoff latency. Many schemes have been developed for reducing handoff delay. In this chapter, handoff management schemes have been classified based on the phase in which the scheme works. Thus, the techniques have been classified as scanning-based schemes, authentication-based schemes, and re-association-based schemes. This chapter also classifies the handoff schemes into two categories based on the number of radios used: single-radio-based handoff schemes and multi-radio-based handoff schemes. The schemes under each of the class have been discussed in detail. A comprehensive comparison of all the schemes has also been presented in this chapter.
Sola Scriptura versus Sola fide versus Solum Imperium? Albert S. Geyser en ŉ kontemporêre verstaan van μορφή θεοῦ in die Christus-himne
Authors: Slabbert Martin J.
Published: September 2018

This article explores Albert Stephanus Geyser’s understanding and application of the Christ-hymn (Phlp 2:6–11), focusing especially on the use of the words μορφή θεοῦ. The tension between a literary-critical approach to the text (Scriptura) versus a dogmatic understanding (Fide) is exposed, as well as the challenge of a political ideology of power (Imperium). Geyser’s understanding and application are measured in terms of the current state of New Testament exegetical research. In the footsteps of Stendahl and contemporary New Testament scholars, legitimacy is given to a socio-political reading of the text. Geyser is appreciated as a public theologian with a deep consideration for the text as the source for theological and socio-political reflection and practice.
Enhancing supply chain performance through supply chain practices
Authors: Hove-Sibanda Progress , Pooe R.I. David
Published: September 2018

Background: The recognised relationship between company performance and supply chain performance has prompted managers, practitioners and researchers alike to seek a better understanding of the performance of supply chains. To this end, many firms have adopted and implemented various supply chain practices and enhanced collaboration and more recently e-collaboration within supply chains.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate how firms can enhance their supply chain performance through supply chain practices and supply chain e-collaboration.Method: A quantitative design was adopted in which a survey questionnaire was administered to a sample of 500 senior managers representing some 350 firms. A non-probability sampling employing convenience and purposive methods was used. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling technique were undertaken to assess the psychometric properties of the measurement scale and to test hypotheses using the path modelling technique.Results: The key findings of this study were as follows: Supply chain practice was found to have a strong positive and significant relationship with supply chain e-collaboration, while supply chain e-collaboration has a strong positive and significant influence on strategic information sharing. Strategic information sharing has a positive and significant influence on supply chain competence and supply chain performance. Supply chain e-collaboration has a positive and significant influence on supply chain competence, while supply chain competence was found to have a negative and insignificant influence on supply chain performance.Conclusion: This study concludes that firms can use supply chain practices to enhance their supply chain e-collaboration and supply chain performance. The study also provides a useful framework for analysing the relationship between supply chain practices, supply chain e-collaboration, strategic information sharing, supply chain competence and supply chain performance.
Quality assurance in mental health: A case study of the Life Esidimeni tragedy
Authors: Robertson Lesley J. , Makgoba Malegapuru W.
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Mental health has been included in the Sustainable Development Goals and quality assurance is needed to ensure its achievement. To date, more than 140 people with severe mental illness have died in the Life Esidimeni tragedy. The tragedy highlights the ineffectiveness of quality assurance in South Africa.The aim of this case study was to identify possible measures which may be used for future monitoring of mental health by analysing the quality deficits evident in the Life Esidimeni tragedy.Methods: A framework for the analysis was devised using South African legislation and policy as well as international literature on quality assurance in mental health. Categories of quality care for macro-, meso- and micro-levels of analysis were developed. The Health Ombud’s report into the ‘Circumstances surrounding the deaths of mentally ill patients: Gauteng Province’ was examined for phrases which reflected quality care. These were allocated to the different categories and clustered into common themes which could be reflected as ‘quality measures’.Results: Measures identified at macro-level included basic human rights, mortality, financial protection and stakeholder consultation. Most quality deficits evident in the report were at meso-level and included adherence to legislation, access to health care and equitable financial distribution. At micro-level, transparent communication, treatment of medical conditions, relapse and readmission for mental illness, and caregiver and family satisfaction were identified. There were no references to user-reported quality measures in the report.Conclusion: In the context of South African legislation and policy, quality deficits at each level of analysis were exposed by the Life Esidimeni tragedy. These could be translated into health indicators or survey requirements for future quality assurance.
Peri-partum psychosis: How does parental reflective function affect the quality of mother-infant interaction?
Authors: Voges Juane , Berg Astrid , Niehaus Daniel J.H.
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the impact of peri-partum psychosis on parental reflective function and quality of mother-infant interaction in a South African sample at high risk of developing attachment difficulties. Besides the effects of physical separation, attachment difficulties may arise from other maternal factors, such as a lack of reflective capacity or negative symptoms affecting the warmth with which a mother interacts with her child. This study examined the quality of mother-infant interaction to determine how the presence of psychotic symptoms during pregnancy or shortly after delivery affects aspects like maternal sensitivity, child social involvement and dyadic engagement. Ultimately, the study aimed to investigate the association between psychosis, parental reflective functioning and quality of parent-infant interaction.Methods: The study followed a descriptive, observational design. Mothers were recruited if they experienced psychotic symptoms during pregnancy or within the first 6 months postpartum. Demographic information and psychiatric history were collected. Parental reflective function was assessed by the Parent Development Interview (PDI), and the quality of mother-infant interaction in an unstructured play interaction was coded using the Coding Interactive Behaviour (CIB).Results: Eight participants aged between 22 and 44 years, with diagnoses of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and MDD with psychosis, were recruited. Parental reflective functioning showed significant variation with scores approaching and exceeding ordinary reflective functioning, typically found in non-clinical populations. At the time of the play interaction, infants were aged between 6 and 10 months. Play interactions were mostly parent-led, with some surprising findings, such as a lower than anticipated frequency of parental negative affect, moderate maternal sensitivity and wide variation in scores for infant withdrawal.Conclusion: The results found in this small sample of mothers with peri-partum psychosis have presented unexpected results, both in terms of higher than anticipated capacity for parental reflective functioning and aspects of the quality of interaction with their infants. Possible implications for future interventions will be discussed.
Attitude and knowledge towards clozapine among outpatients prescribed clozapine in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Paruk Saeeda , Roojee Shawkat A
Published: September 2018

Background: Increased patient satisfaction towards their treatment is associated with improved adherence. Poor adherence to antipsychotics is predictive of relapse and eventual need for hospitalisation. There is very limited literature on patients’ knowledge and perception of antipsychotic – or more specifically clozapine – treatment.Aim: To describe the perception and knowledge of clozapine amongst patients prescribed clozapine at two psychiatric units in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 94 adult patients receiving clozapine was conducted using a socio-demographic questionnaire, chart review and the Drug Attitude Inventory scale (DAI-30), an indirect measure of adherence.Results: The participants were predominantly male (n = 63, 67.0%) and black people (n = 71, 75.5%). The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia (n = 58, 61.7%), and majority surveyed received clozapine for more than one year (n = 93, 98.9%). Ninety-one (96.8%) participants knew the names of medications, and 71 (75.5%) participants were aware of the common side effects of clozapine. Eighty-six (91.5%) patients were aware of the need for white blood cell testing and 50 (53.2%) patients reported being informed by their mental health practitioner about the risk of gaining weight with 41 (43.6%) patients complaining of this side effect.The total number of correct responses to 30 questions on the DAI-30 (N = 2457) compared favourably to the incorrect responses (N = 363). Eighty-seven patients were found to be adherent, and 7 patients were considered non-adherent as per DAI total scores.Significant associations were between negative DAI score suggesting non-adherence and patient educational level (p = 0.001), past history of defaulting medication (p = 0.001), medication efficacy perception (p = 0.01) and being able to discuss concerns with doctor (p = 0.02), compared to those with a positive score on DAI.Conclusion: A high rate of self-reported positive attitude and knowledge towards clozapine was found. The findings highlight the critical role of psycho-education and therapeutic alliance in attitude towards medication and hence adherence.
Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Today’s Challenge and Tomorrow’s Promise
Authors: Ameratunga Malaka , Xu Wen , Lopez Juanita
Published: September 2018

Precision medicine continues to be the benchmark toward which we strive in cancer research. Conventionally, it is the term applied to the use of genomic information to guide molecularly targeted therapy. However, the advent of clinically effective cancer immunotherapies has posed a challenge for this concept of precision medicine, as robust biomarkers that can differentiate responders from nonresponders have not been described. Here, we review the current scientific efforts using novel technologies to develop biomarkers for immunotherapeutics, to ultimately achieve “personalized immunotherapy.” We first examine the role of programmed death ligand 1 expression and tumor mutational burden, the two most-studied tumoral response biomarkers; and subsequently discuss innovative candidate biomarkers including integrated “omics” approaches utilizing serial tumor, blood, and microbiome sampling. We also detail the challenges in unifying these approaches into a patient-focused immunogram to truly personalize immunotherapy.
Multiscale variation model and activity level estimation algorithm of the Earth's magnetic field based on wavelet packets
Authors: Mandrikova Oksana V. , Solovyev Igor S. , Khomutov Sergey Y. , Geppener Vladimir V. , Klionskiy Dmitry M. , Bogachev Mikhail I.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We suggest a wavelet-based multiscale mathematical model of geomagnetic field variations. The model is particularly capable of reflecting the characteristic variation and local perturbations in the geomagnetic field during the periods of increased geomagnetic activity. Based on the model, we have designed numerical algorithms to identify the characteristic variation component as well as other components that represent different geomagnetic field activity. The substantial advantage of the designed algorithms is their fully automatic performance without any manual control. The algorithms are also suited for estimating and monitoring the activity level of the geomagnetic field at different magnetic observatories without any specific adjustment to their particular locations. The suggested approach has high temporal resolution reaching 1 min. This allows us to study the dynamics and spatiotemporal distribution of geomagnetic perturbations using data from ground-based observatories. Moreover, the suggested approach is particularly capable of discovering weak perturbations in the geomagnetic field, likely linked to the nonstationary impact of the solar wind plasma on the magnetosphere. The algorithms have been validated using the experimental data collected at the IKIR FEB RAS observatory network. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (storms and substorms)
Observations and scaling of tidal mass transport across
the lower Ganges-Brahmaputra delta plain:
implications for delta management and sustainability
Authors: Hale Richard , Bain Rachel , Goodbred Jr. Steven , Best Jim
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The landscape of southwest Bangladesh, a region constructed primarily by fluvial processes associated with the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, is now maintained almost exclusively by tidal processes as the fluvial system has migrated to the east through the Holocene. In natural areas such as the Sundarbans National Forest, year-round spring-tide inundation delivers sufficient sediment for vertical accretion to keep pace with relative sea-level rise. However, recent human modification of the landscape in the form of embankment construction has terminated this pathway of sediment delivery for much of the region, resulting in a startling elevation imbalance, with inhabited areas often sitting > 1 m below mean high water. Restoring this landscape, or preventing land loss in the natural system, requires an understanding of how rates of water and sediment flux vary across time scales ranging from hours to months. In this study, we combine time-series observations of water level, salinity, and suspended sediment concentration, with ship-based measurements of large tidal channel hydrodynamics and sediment transport. To capture the greatest possible range of variability, cross-channel transects designed to encompass a 12.4-h tidal cycle were performed in both dry and wet seasons, during spring and neap tides. Regional suspended sediment concentration begins to increase in August, coincident with a decrease in local salinity, indicating the arrival of the sediment-laden, freshwater plume of the combined Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna rivers. We observe profound seasonality in sediment transport, despite somewhat modest seasonal variability in the magnitude of water discharge, indicating the importance of this seasonal sediment delivery. On tidal time-scales, spring tides transport an order of magnitude more sediment than neap tides in both the wet and dry seasons. In aggregate, sediment transport is flood-oriented, likely a result of tidal pumping. Finally, we note that rates of sediment and water discharge in the tidal channels are of the same scale as the annually averaged values for the Ganges or Brahmaputra rivers. These observations provide context for examining the relative importance of fluvial and tidal processes in what has been defined as the quintessential tidal delta in the classification scheme of Galloway. These data also inform critical questions regarding the timing and magnitude of sediment delivery to the region, which are especially important in predicting, and preparing for, future change under changing environmental conditions.
A crop yield change emulator for use in GCAM and similar models:
Persephone v1.0
Authors: Snyder Abigail , Calvin Katherine V. , Phillips Meridel , Ruane Alex C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Future changes in Earth system state will impact agricultural yields and, through these changed yields, can have profound impacts on the global economy. Global gridded crop models estimate the influence of these Earth system changes on future crop yields, but are often too computationally intensive to dynamically couple into global multi-sector economic models, such as GCAM and other similar-in-scale models. Yet, generalizing a faster site-specific crop model's results to be used globally will introduce inaccuracies, and the question of which model to use is unclear given the wide variation in yield response across crop models. To examine the feedback loop among socioeconomics, Earth system changes, and crop yield changes, rapidly generated yield responses with some quantification of crop response uncertainty are desirable. The Persephone v1.0 response functions presented in this work are based on the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP) sensitivity test data set and are focused on providing GCAM and similar models with a tractable number of rapid to evaluate, dynamic yield response functions corresponding to a range of the yield response sensitivities seen in the C3MP data set. With the Persephone response functions, a new variety of agricultural impact experiments will be open to GCAM and other economic models; for example, examining the economic impacts of a multi-year drought in a key agricultural region and how economic changes in response to the drought can, in turn, impact the drought.
Climate change will increase potential hydropower production in six Arctic Council member countries based on probabilistic hydrological projections
Authors: Shevnina Elena , Pilli-Sihvola Karoliina , Haavisto Riina , Vihma Timo , Silaev Andrey
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Potential hydropower production for 2020–2050 is calculated for 173 catchments located over the territories of Finland, Sweden, Norway, the Russian Federation, Canada and the United States. The results are based on hydrological river runoff projections assessed together with their exceedance probabilities. The annual runoff rate of particular exceedance probability was modelled with the Pearson type 3 distribution from three parameters (mean values, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness) simulated by the probabilistic hydrological MARcov Chain System (MARCS) model. The probabilistic projections of annual runoff were simulated from outputs of four global climate models under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The future potential hydropower production was evaluated based on annual runoff of low and high exceedance probabilities, and then aggregated at a country level. Under forcing from climate models that project a large increase in precipitation (CaEMS2 and MPI-EMS-LM), the expected potential hydropower production in the six countries increased by 14.0 to 18.0 % according to the projected values of annual runoff rate on exceedance probabilities of 10 and 90 %. This increase in water resources allows for 10–15 % more hydropower energy generation by rivers located in Russia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. For the USA and Canada, the potential hydropower production is projected to increases by 4.0–9.0 %. Under forcing from climate models that project a smaller increase in precipitation (HadGEM2-ES and INMCM4), the increase of potential hydropower production by 2050 was predicted to be 2.1–8.4 % over the six countries considered.
INFLUENCE OF WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION ON LARGE-SCALE EVACUATION AFTER A SEVERE EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Osaragi T. , Tsuchiya T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Physical disaster in a serious earthquake (fires and street blockages), word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) among evacuees, and evacuation behaviors are modeled, and an evacuation behavior simulation is carried out. The influences of WOMC regarding the information about disaster and the locations of evacuation areas on a large-scale evacuation are observed. The simulation results demonstrate some new findings and highlight the importance of providing guides in tourist areas, where there are many people who have limited local geographical information. It is also shown that once false information has appeared in the process of WOMC among the wanderers, especially in locations with a high density of wanderers, the false information will spread quickly among the evacuees by WOMC and can negatively influence a large-scale evacuation.
BOOTSTRAPPED CNNS FOR BUILDING SEGMENTATION ON RGB-D AERIAL IMAGERY
Authors: Sebastian C. , Boom B. , van Lankveld T. , Bondarev E. , De With P. H. N.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Detection of buildings and other objects from aerial images has various applications in urban planning and map making. Automated building detection from aerial imagery is a challenging task, as it is prone to varying lighting conditions, shadows and occlusions. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are robust against some of these variations, although they fail to distinguish easy and difficult examples. We train a detection algorithm from RGB-D images to obtain a segmented mask by using the CNN architecture DenseNet. First, we improve the performance of the model by applying a statistical re-sampling technique called Bootstrapping and demonstrate that more informative examples are retained. Second, the proposed method outperforms the non-bootstrapped version by utilizing only one-sixth of the original training data and it obtains a precision-recall break-even of 95.10 % on our aerial imagery dataset.
AN AGENT-BASED MODEL TO REPRESENT SPACE-TIME PROPAGATION OF FOREST-FIRE SMOKE
Authors: Smith A. K. , Dragicevic S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Agent-based modeling approaches have been used for various case studies related to the geospatial dynamics of complex systems. The proliferation of forest-fire smoke and the associated airborne particulate matter that behaves as complex systems make it important to develop reliable geospatial models that can simulate the propagation process to avoid impacts to human health and the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this research study is the development and implementation of an agent-based model (ABM) for the propagation of forest-fire smoke and other airborne particulate matter for use in studying patterns of spatio-temporal propagation. The developed ABM operates on a two-dimensional plane in the landscape where agents representing forest fires emit agents representing smoke. These smoke agents propagate through the study area based on measured atmospheric conditions. The model was developed using data from the 2017 forest fire season in British Columbia (BC) and parts of Alberta, Canada, particularly during the period August 10th–25th. The obtained simulation results provided patterns of spatio-temporal propagation of fire smoke over large areas of BC and Alberta, and were compared to the real smoke patterns covering the Edmonton metropolitan area, Canada on a similar date. The developed agent-based model can be used to support the emergency planning and decision-making process such as in regulating forest fire evacuations and in the prevention of health problems triggered by the exposure to smoke.
SOLUTION TO FLEET SIZE OF DOCKLESS BIKE-SHARING STATION BASED ON MATRIX ANALYSIS
Authors: Zhai Y. , Liu J. , Du J. , Chen J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Aiming at the problems of the lack of reasonable judgment of fleet size and non-optimization of rebalancing for dockless bike-sharing station, based on the usage characteristics of dockless bike-sharing, this paper demonstrates that the Markov chain is suitable for the analysis of the fleet size of station. It is concluded that dockless bike-sharing Markov chain probability limit state (steady-state) only exists and is independent of the initial probability distribution. On that basis, this paper analyses the difficulty of the transition probability matrix parameter statistics and the power method of the bike-sharing Markov chain, and constructs the transition probability sparse matrix in order to reduce computational complexity. Since the sparse matrices may be reducible, the rank-one updating method is used to construct the transition probability random prime matrix to meet the requirements of steady-state size calculation. An iterative method for solving the steady-state probability is therefore given and the convergence speed of the method is analysed. In order to improve the practicability of the algorithm, the paper further analyses the construction methods of the initial values of the dockless bike-sharing and the transition probability matrices at different time periods in a day. Finally, the algorithm is verified with practical and simulation data. The results of the algorithm can be used as a baseline reference data to dynamically optimize the fleet size of dockless bike-sharing station operated by bike-sharing companies for strengthening standardized management.
LANDFORM PERCEPTION ACCURACY IN SHADED RELIEF MAPS: A REPLICATION STUDY CONFIRMS THAT NNW LIGHTING IS BETTER THAN NW AGAINST THE RELIEF INVERSION EFFECT
Authors: Çöltekin A. , Rautenbach V. , Coetzee S. , Mokwena T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Relief inversion effect is a perceptual phenomenon that leads to an inverted perception of convex and concave shapes. This perceptual inversion occurs in scenes where the shading/shadows act as the main depth cue. In visuospatial displays, such as shaded relief maps, the positioning of the shadows in the northern slopes, thus when light source placed broadly in south, mislead the cognitive system based on the ‘light from above prior’ assumption (Mamassian and Goutcher 2001). Thus, assuming the light must come from above, our mind creates an illusion, and we perceive the landforms incorrectly. To judge the 3D spatial relationships in terrain representations correctly, the relief inversion effect must be avoided. Cartographic convention against this effect is to place the light source at northwest (NW), whereas a recent study demonstrated that north-north-west (NNW), or even north yields more precise results (Biland and Çöltekin, 2016). Since this finding goes against decades of convention, to establish its validity further, we attempted replicating the results with a different sample in South Africa. In this paper, we present our findings, which broadly confirm that the NNW (or also N) is better than NW against the relief inversion effect.
UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR FEATURE EXTRACTION AND MAPPING OF CORRUGATED INDUSTRIAL ROOFTOPS
Authors: Dayal K. R. , Chauhan I. M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Corrugated roof sheets used for large-scale industrial rooftops have the potential to carry solar panels. The sheets, however, need to be surveyed so that the solar panels can be installed according to the measurements of various features. For this purpose, information about exhausts, skylights, corrugation spacing, including extraction of roof slope, which is essential for planning solar panel installations, needs to be measured and mapped. UAV surveying, in contrast to traditional surveying and manual measurements, has proven to be of great benefit in the recent years due to its mobility and low-cost operations and with photogrammetric processing, 3D information with sufficient details can be obtained. In this study, we explored the use of UAV platforms for extraction of fine features (corrugations) of industrial rooftops. The point cloud obtained after photogrammetric processing contained significant geometric information about the corrugation, along with noise. The point cloud was processed to remove noise. Smoothing and exaggeration in the Z-direction, without altering X and Y coordinates, ensured a smooth profile with pronounced peaks at the location of corrugations. Cross-sectional profiles were extracted as a vector and peaks in the profile indicated presence of the corrugation. A peak identification algorithm was used to extract local maxima with corresponding distances along the profile. The peak points were plotted on the ortho-image, and the mean distance between subsequent peaks was approximately 20.3 cm with a standard deviation of 1–2 cm. The spacing between the corrugations was approximately 20 cm when measured manually.
FROM POINT CLOUDS TO 3D ISOVISTS IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Díaz-Vilariño L. , González-deSantos L. , Verbree E. , Michailidou G. , Zlatanova S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Visibility is a common measure to describe the spatial properties of an environment related to the spatial behaviour. Isovists represent the space that can be seen from one observation point, and they are used to analyse the existence of obstacles affecting or blocking intervisibility in an area. Although point clouds depict the as-built reality in a very detailed and accurate way, literature addressing the analysis of visibility in 3D, and more specifically the usage of point clouds to visibility analysis, is rather limited. In this paper, a methodology to evaluate visibility from point clouds in indoor environments is proposed, resulting in the creation of 3D isovists. Point cloud is firstly discretized in a voxel-based structure and voxels are labelled into ‘exterior’, ‘occupied’, ‘visible’ and ‘occluded’ based on an occupancy followed by a visibility analysis performed from a ray-tracing algorithm. 3D Isovists are created from the boundary of visible voxels from an observer position and considering as input parameters the visual angle, maximum line of sight, and eye gaze direction.
MICROCLIMATE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT URBAN FORMS IN COLD CLIMATES AND THE EFFECT OF THERMAL COMFORT
Authors: Dursun D. , Yavaş M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this study, it is aimed to understand the relation between micro-climate and urban planning in the case of a cold-climate city, Erzurum. The effects of different urban patterns on micro-climate are analyzed in the context of this study. As a methodology, ENVI-met is used for processing micro-climate simulation of selected urban areas by using measured and obtained climate data such as air temperature, relative humidity, average reflected temperature, surface temperatures, sky view factor, wind velocity and direction. In order to check the accuracy of the simulation for the case study area, obtained data (from meteorology station) is simulated with ENVI-met and results were compared with measured data in the area. Also, land uses and field searches based on the observation of existing situation of urban environment were included into analysis. The findings show that irregular building plot sizes and building heights are mostly existing in historical areas and those urban forms increase thermal comfort under cold climate conditions. The results of simulations provided that same heights of the buildings, regular separation of buildings and regular plot sizes have led to severe urban micro-climates. In contrast, it is observed that variety of those urban physical environment features supported comfortable micro-climate conditions. Urban geometry and climate variables are two of the most important factors shaping outdoor spaces thermal comfort feeling.
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING FUNCTION USING AVAILABLE SOURCES OF VGI
Authors: Fonte C. C. , Minghini M. , Antoniou V. , Patriarca J. , See L.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper examines the feasibility of using data from OpenStreetMap (OSM), Facebook and Foursquare as a source of information on the function of buildings. Such information is rarely openly available and if available, would vary between cities by nomenclature, making comparisons between places difficult. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) including data from social media represents new potential sources of building function data that have not yet been exploited for this purpose. Using a part of the city of Milan as the study area, building data from OSM and points of interest (POIs) from OSM, Facebook and Foursquare were extracted to derive the building function. This resulted in the classification of building function for more than 80 % of the buildings and demonstrated that both Facebook and Foursquare can complement the building function derived from OSM, helping to fill in missing gaps. This preliminary study has demonstrated the potential of this approach for deriving building function information from open data in a simple way yet still requires independent validation with alternative sources as well as extension to other areas that have different amounts of OSM and social media coverage.
GIS AND FUZZY AHP BASED AREA SELECTION FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS
Authors: Guler D. , Yomralioglu T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Significant work is being done to protect the world and ecosystem. Innovative approaches are being explored to reduce the harm of the methods used to sustain life. Mobility is an essential issue that affects people and society in today's life. Automobiles are the most commonly used vehicle for mobility in private life and public service activities such as transportation. One of the important subjects that should be applied to environmentally sensitive methods is transportation. One of the major problems encountered today is the harmful effects of internal combustion motor vehicles. Electric vehicles are preferred because they work efficiently and with the least damaging effect on the environment. The location of electric vehicles is a complicated problem because it depends on many different factors. In this study, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods and geographic information systems (GIS) to manage data which can be used for the location selection of electric vehicles charging stations are researched. The study area was determined by three neighboring districts boundaries city of Istanbul in Turkey.
EVALUATING ROUTE LEARNING PERFORMANCE OF OLDER AND YOUNGER ADULTS IN DIFFERENTLY-DESIGNED VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS: A TASK-DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Lokka I. E. , Çöltekin A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Navigating in unfamiliar environments is a complex task that requires considerable cognitive resources to memorize (and eventually learn) a route. In general, virtual environments (VEs) can be useful tools in training for route learning and improving route recall. However, the visual information presented in VEs, that is, what we choose to present in a virtual scene, can strongly affect the ability to recall a route. This is especially relevant when we consider individual differences, and people’s varying abilities to navigate effectively. Taking various cognitive processes involved in route learning into account, we designed a multi-level experiment that examines route recall effectiveness in a navigation context. We conceptualized that the participants would have to recall information related to the route that is demanding on primarily visual, spatial, or visuospatial memory systems. Furthermore, because there is a clear link between memory capacity and ageing; we conducted our experiment with two different age groups (total 81 participants: 42 young people aged 20–30 yo and 39 older people aged 65–76 yo). We also measured participants’ spatial abilities and visuospatial memory capacity for control purposes. After experiencing a pre-determined route in three different VEs (that we varied in levels of visual realism, and named as AbstractVE, MixedVE, and RealisticVE), each participant solved a list of tasks that was designed to measure visual, spatial, and visuospatial recall of the scene elements and information about the route. Participants solved these tasks immediately after experiencing the route in each VE, as well as after a week, thus we could measure ‘learning’ (delayed recall). Results from our study confirm the well-known decline in recall with age (young vs. older), provide new information regarding memorability of routes and VE scene elements over time (immediate vs. delayed), and most importantly demonstrate the crucial role the visual design decisions play in route learning and memorability of visuospatial displays.
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL BIG DATA CLOUD PLATFORM OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
Authors: Ma Z. T. , Li C. M. , Wu Z. , Wu P. D.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Spatio-temporal big data cloud platform is an important spatial information infrastructure that can provide different period spatial information data services, various spatial analysis services and flexible API services. Activities of policy coordination, facilities connectivity and unimpeded trade on the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) will create huge demands to the spatial information infrastructure. This paper focuses on researching a distributed spatio-temporal big data engine and an extendable cloud platform framework suits for the B&R and some key technologies to implement them. A distributed spatio-temporal big data engine based on Cassandra™ and an extendable 4-tier architecture cloud platform framework is put forward according to the spirit of parallel computing and cloud service. Four key technologies are discussed: 1) a storage and indexing method for distributed spatio-temporal big data, 2) an automatically collecting, processing, mapping and updating method of authoritative spatio-temporal data for web mapping service, 3) a schema of services aggregation based on nodes registering and services invoking based on view extension, 4) a distributed deployment and extension method of the cloud platform. We developed a distributed spatio-temporal big data centersoftware and founded the main node platform portal with MapWorld™ map services and some thematic information services inChina and built some local platform portals for those countries in the B&R area. The management and analysis services for spatio-temporal big data were built in flexible styles on this platform. Practices show that we provide a flexible and efficient solution tobuild the distributed spatio-temporal big data center and cloud platform, more node portals can be aggregated to the main portal bypublishing their own web services and registering them in the aggregation schema. The data center and platform can support thestorage and management of massive data well and has higher fault tolerance and better scalability.
MODELLING OF COLLECTIVE MOVEMENT IN IMMERSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Magallanes Guijón G. , Hruby F. , Ressl R. , Aguilar Sierra V. , de la Borbolla del Valle G. , Rodríguez Paz O.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Immersive technologies allow us to map physical reality by means of 4D virtual systems in ever higher spatial and temporal detail, up to a scale level of 1 : 1. This level of detail enables the representation of phenomena that have been widely ignored by the geovisualization research agenda as yet. An example for such a large scale phenomenon is the collective movement of animals, which can be modelled and visualized only at a fine grained spatio-temporal resolution. This paper focuses on how collective movement can be modelled in an immersive virtual reality (VR) geovisualization. In a brief introduction on immersion and spatial presence we will argue, that high fidelity and realistic VR can strengthen the users’ involvement with the issues visualized. We will then discuss basic characteristics of swarming in nature and review the principal models that have been presented to formalize this collective behavior. Based on the rules of (1) collision avoidance, (2) polarization, (3) aggregation and (4) self-organized criticality we will formulate a viable solution of modelling collective movement within a geovisualization immersive virtual environment. An example of use and results will be presented.