bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-axonal recognition organizes Drosophila olfactory map formation
Authors: Goyal Gaurav , Zierau Ariane , Lattemann Marc , Bergkirchner Beate , Javorski Dominik , Kaur Rashmit , Hummel Thomas
Published: August 2019

Olfactory systems across the animal kingdom show astonishing similarities in their morphological and functional organization. In mouse and Drosophila, olfactory sensory neurons are characterized by the selective expression of a single odorant receptor (OR) type and by the OR class-specific connection in the olfactory brain center. Monospecific OR expression in mouse provides each sensory neuron with a unique recognition identity underlying class-specific axon sorting into synaptic glomeruli. Here we show that in Drosophila, although OR genes are not involved in sensory neuron connectivity, afferent sorting via OR class-specific recognition defines a central mechanism of odortopic map formation. Sensory neurons mutant for the Ig-domain receptor Dscam converge into ectopic glomeruli with single OR class identity independent of their target cells. Mosaic analysis showed that Dscam prevents premature recognition among sensory axons of the same OR class. Single Dscam isoform expression in projecting axons revealed the importance of Dscam diversity for spatially restricted glomerular convergence. These data support a model in which the precise temporal-spatial regulation of Dscam activity controls class-specific axon sorting thereby indicating convergent evolution of olfactory map formation via self-patterning of sensory neurons.
Horses associate individual human voices with the valence of past interactions: a behavioural and electrophysiological study
Authors: d’Ingeo Serenella , Quaranta Angelo , Siniscalchi Marcello , Stomp Mathilde , Coste Caroline , Bagnard Charlotte , Hausberger Martine , Cousillas Hugo
Published: August 2019

Brain lateralization is a phenomenon widely reported in the animal kingdom and sensory laterality has been shown to be an indicator of the appraisal of the stimulus valence by an individual. This can prove a useful tool to investigate how animals perceive intra- or hetero-specific signals. The human-animal relationship provides an interesting framework for testing the impact of the valence of interactions on emotional memories. In the present study, we tested whether horses could associate individual human voices with past positive or negative experiences. Both behavioural and electroencephalographic measures allowed examining laterality patterns in addition to the behavioural reactions. The results show that horses reacted to voices associated with past positive experiences with increased attention/arousal (gamma oscillations in the right hemisphere) and indicators of a positive emotional state (left hemisphere activation and ears held forward), and to those associated with past negative experiences with negative affective states (right hemisphere activation and ears held backwards). The responses were further influenced by the animals’ management conditions (e.g. box or pasture). Overall, these results, associating brain and behaviour analysis, clearly demonstrate that horses’ representation of human voices is modulated by the valence of prior horse-human interactions.
Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis and Theleiria equi in Livestock from Palestine
Authors: Azmi Kifaya , Al-Jawabreh Amer , Abdeen Ziad
Published: August 2019

Theileria and Babesia are intracellular protozoan parasites infecting a wide range of animals. In Palestine, there is limited information on the prevalence of Theileria and Babesia spp. in livestock. We used PCR of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene followed by DNA sequencing to detect and identify parasite DNA in blood samples from sheep (n = 49), goats (n = 48), horses (n = 40), camels (n = 34), donkeys (n = 28) and mules (n = 2) from four districts of Palestine. DNA of T. ovis and T. equi was detected in 19 and 2 ovine blood samples, respectively. None of the camels, donkeys, and goats were positive for T. ovis. Sheep had a significantly higher rate of infection than other animals (P < 0.05). Theileria ovis is highly prevalent in sheep, while T. equi DNA was detected in a small proportion of the equids in Palestine.
Dauer life stage of Caenorhabditis elegans induces elevated levels of defense against the parasite Serratia marcescens
Authors: White P. Signe , Penley McKenna J. , Tierney Aimee R. Paulk , Soper Deanna M. , Morran Levi T.
Published: August 2019

Host-parasite research often focuses on a single host life stage, yet different life stages may exhibit different defenses. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has an alternate dispersal life stage, dauer. Despite dauer’s importance in nature, we know little of how it responds to parasites. Previous research indicates that non-dauer C. elegans prefer to consume the virulent bacterial parasite, Serratia marcescens, when given a choice between the parasite and benign Escherichia coli. Here, we compared the preferences of dauer individuals from six strains of C. elegans to the preferences of other life stages. We found that dauer individuals exhibited reduced preference for S. marcescens, and dauers from some strains preferred E. coli to S. marcescens. In addition to testing food preference, a mechanism of parasite avoidance, we also measured host mortality rates after direct parasite exposure to determine if life stage also altered host survival. Overall, dauer individuals exhibited reduced mortality rates. However, dauer versus non-dauer larvae mortality rates also varied significantly by host strain. Collectively, we found evidence of dauer-induced parasite avoidance and reduced mortality in the presence of a parasite, but these effects were strain-specific. These results demonstrate the importance of host life stage and genotype when assessing infection dynamics.
Medium-thickness-dependent proton dosimetry for radiobiological experiments
Authors: Shahmohammadi Beni Mehrdad , Krstic Dragana , Nikezic Dragoslav , Yu Kwan Ngok
Published: August 2019

A calibration method was proposed in the present work to determine the medium-thickness-dependent proton doses absorbed in cellular components (i.e., cellular cytoplasm and nucleus) in radiobiological experiments. Consideration of the dependency on medium thickness was crucial as the linear energy transfer (LET) of protons could rise to a sharp peak (known as the Bragg peak) towards the end of their ranges. Relationships between the calibration coefficient R vs medium-layer thickness were obtained for incident proton energies of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 MeV, and for various medium thicknesses up to 5000 μm, where R was defined as the ratio DA/DE, DA was the absorbed proton dose in cellular components, and DE was the absorbed proton dose in a separate radiation detector. In the present work, DA and DE were determined using the MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended) code version 2.4.0. For lower incident proton energies (i.e., 10, 15 and 20 MeV), formation of Bragg-peak-like features were noticed in their R-vs-medium-layer-thickness relationships, and large R values of >7 and >6 were obtained for cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, respectively, which highlighted the importance of careful consideration of the medium thickness in radiobiological experiments.
Crystal structures of AztD provide mechanistic insights into direct zinc transfer between proteins
Authors: Neupane Durga Prasad , Fullam Stephanie Hope , Chacón Kelly Natalia , Yukl Erik Thomas
Published: August 2019

Zinc acquisition from limited environments is critical for bacterial survival and pathogenesis. AztD has been identified as a periplasmic or cell surface zinc-binding protein in numerous bacterial species. In Paracoccus denitrificans, AztD can transfer zinc directly to AztC, the solute binding protein for a zinc-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter system, suggesting a role in zinc acquisition and homeostasis. Here, we present the first cry stal structures of AztD from P. denitrificans and tbe human pathogen Citrobacter koseri, revealing a beta-propeller fold and two high-affinity zinc-binding sites that are highly conserved among AztD homologs. These structures combined with transfer assays using WT and mutant proteins provide rare insight into the mechanism of direct zinc transfer from one protein to another. Given the importance of zinc import to bacterial pathogenesis, these insights may prove valuable to the development of zinc transfer inhibitors as antibiotics.
Upconversion nanoparticles for sensing pH
Authors: Tsai Evaline S. , Himmelstoß Sandy F. , Wiesholler Lisa M. , Hirsch Thomas , Hall Elizabeth A. H.
Published: August 2019

pH sensing IR-excited dye-linked upconversion nanoparticles,viainner field effect quenching at 540 nm referenced to emission at 650 nm.
Pd–CNT–SiO2 nanoskein: composite structure design for formic acid dehydrogenation
Authors: Sousa-Castillo Ana , Li Feng , Carbó-Argibay Enrique , Correa-Duarte Miguel A. , Klinkova Anna
Published: August 2019

Based on the experimental evidence and DFT calculations, a Pd–carbon nanotube interface facilitates the rate-determining step in the formic acid dehydrogenation reaction.
Growth behavior of Au/Cu2−xS hybrids and their plasmon-enhanced dual-functional catalytic activity
Authors: Ma Liang , Chen You-Long , Yang Xin , Li Hai-Xia , Ding Si-Jing , Hou Hua-Yi , Xiong Lun , Qin Ping-Li , Chen Xiang-Bai
Published: August 2019

The growth behavior of Au/Cu2−xS hybrids was investigated, and the obtained half-shell Au(nanospheres)/Cu2−xS exhibited dual-plasmon enhanced bifunctional catalytic activity.
Bulk and surface DFT investigations of inorganic halide perovskites screened using machine learning and materials property databases
Authors: Jain Deepak , Chaube Suryanaman , Khullar Prerna , Goverapet Srinivasan Sriram , Rai Beena
Published: August 2019

An integrated ML-DFT methodology enables screening of inorganic halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications and thorough characterization of their surface structures. Glazer tilts make (110) the most stable surface.
Selective synthesis of octahydroacridines and diannelated pyridines over zinc-containing mesoporous aluminosilicate molecular sieve catalysts
Authors: Selvaraj Manickam , Assiri Mohammed A.
Published: August 2019

Bimetallic mesoporous ZnAl-41 catalysts were successfully used in the highly selective synthesis of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridine, 9-alkyl substituted octahydroacridines and diannelated pyridines by a single-step vapour phase aminocyclization method.
Controllable syntheses and magnetic properties of novel homoleptic triple-decker lanthanide complexes
Authors: Gao Feng , Wang Lei , Zhu Guang-Zhou , Liu Yu-Han , Yang Han , Li Xiang , Yang Ke
Published: August 2019

A class of novel triple-decker lanthanide complexes have been continuously designed and synthesized based on a Schiff base ligand Cl-salphenH2 and precursors [(acac)4Ln2(L)]. The results reveal Dy complex behaves as a typical SMM with intermetallic ferromagnetic interaction.
Metal coordination to a dimetallaoctatetrayne
Authors: Delaney Andie R. , Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: August 2019

The ditungstaoctatetrayne [(Tp*)(CO)2WCCCCCCW(CO)2(Tp*)] (Tp* = hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) regioselectively adds extraneous metal–ligand fragments to the internal CC or terminal WC triple bonds leading to new tri-, tetra- or hexametallic assemblies.
Correction: Substituents drive ligand rearrangements, giving dinuclear rather than mononuclear complexes, and tune CoII/III redox potential
Authors: Karabulut Fabrice N. H. , Feltham Humphrey L. C. , Brooker Sally
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Substituents drive ligand rearrangements, giving dinuclear rather than mononuclear complexes, and tune CoII/III redox potential’ by Fabrice N. H. Karabulut et al., Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 11749–11759, DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01502c.
Optical and nonlinear optical properties of Ln(Tp)2, where Ln = La,…,Lu and Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)borate: a DFT+TD-DFT study
Authors: Hannachi Douniazed , Haroun Mohamed Fahim , Khireddine Ahlem , Chermette Henry
Published: August 2019

DFT calculations of electronic, structural, thermodynamic properties, magnetic moment, static and dynamic polarizability and hyperpolarizability of Ln(Tp)2 (Ln = rare earths, Tp = ring-unsubstituted tris(pyrazolyl)borate) complexes.
The α-alkylation of ketones with alcohols in pure water catalyzed by a water-soluble Cp*Ir complex bearing a functional ligand
Authors: Meng Chong , Xu Jing , Tang Yawen , Ai Yao , Li Feng
Published: August 2019

A water-soluble dinuclear Cp*Ir complex bearing 4,4′,6,6′-tetrahydroxy-2,2′-bipyrimidine as a bridging ligand was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the α-alkylation of ketones with alcohols in water.
Macrocycles of higher ortho-phenylenes: assembly and folding
Authors: Kinney Zacharias J. , Kirinda Viraj C. , Hartley C. Scott
Published: August 2019

The sizes and geometries of macrocycles assembled from ortho-phenylenes are predicted by the stabilities and bite angles of possible conformers.
Two-step synthesis of a red-emissive warped nanographene derivativeviaa ten-fold C–H borylation
Authors: Kato Kenta , Lin Hsing-An , Kuwayama Motonobu , Nagase Mai , Segawa Yasutomo , Scott Lawrence T. , Itami Kenichiro
Published: August 2019

The Ir-catalyzed regioselective ten-fold C–H borylation of warped nanographene (WNG) was achieved, and decaarylated WNGs were synthesized by sequential Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling to afford a red-emissive WNG derivative.
Divergent Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of allenyloxazolidinones to give chiral 1,3-dienes and vinyloxazolidinones
Authors: Brown Ronald W. , Zamani Farzad , Gardiner Michael G. , Yu Haibo , Pyne Stephen G. , Hyland Christopher J. T.
Published: August 2019

The first reported catalytic reactivity of 5-allenyloxazolidinones is the tightly controlled, divergent synthesis of chiral 1,3-dienes or 5-vinyloxazolidinones under Pd(0) catalysis.
Disordered hyperuniform obstacles enhance sorting of dynamically chiral microswimmers
Authors: Su Jie , Jiang Huijun , Hou Zhonghuai
Published: August 2019

The sorting of dynamically chiral microswimmers is performed optimally in disordered hyperuniform obstacle environments in comparison with regular or disordered ones.
Brønsted acid mediated covalent organic framework membranes for efficient molecular separation
Authors: Wang Hongjian , Chen Long , Yang Hao , Wang Meidi , Yang Leixin , Du Haiyan , Cao Chenliang , Ren Yanxiong , Wu Yingzhen , Pan Fusheng , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: August 2019

A Brønsted acid mediated one-step assembly method is designed to fabricate COF-JLU2 membranes for molecule separation, where the partition coefficient of Brønsted acid affects the structure–performance relationship of membranes.
Blade coated P3HT:non-fullerene acceptor solar cells: a high-throughput parameter study with a focus on up-scalability
Authors: Pascual-San-José Enrique , Rodríguez-Martínez Xabier , Adel-Abdelaleim Rana , Stella Marco , Martínez-Ferrero Eugenia , Campoy-Quiles Mariano
Published: August 2019

Fast screening of performance and stability of organic solar cells is made through the use of thickness and thermal gradients, as well as different deposition temperatures and solvents.
Broken force dispersal network in tip-links by the mutations at the Ca2+-binding residues induces hearing-loss
Authors: Hazra Jagadish P. , Sagar Amin , Arora Nisha , Deb Debadutta , Kaur Simerpreet , Rakshit Sabyasachi
Published: August 2019

Tip-link as force-sensor in hearing conveys the mechanical force originating from sound to ion-channels while maintaining the integrity of the entire sensory assembly in the inner ear. This delicate balance between structure and function of tip-links is regulated by Ca2+-ions present in endolymph. Mutations at the Ca2+-binding sites of tip-links often lead to congenital deafness, sometimes syndromic defects impairing vision along with hearing. Although such mutations are already identified, it is still not clear how the mutants alter the structure-function properties of the force-sensors associated with diseases. With an aim to decipher the differences in force-conveying properties of the force-sensors in molecular details, we identified the conformational variability of mutant and wild-type tip-links at the single-molecule level using FRET at the endolymphatic Ca2+ concentrations and subsequently measured the force-responsive behavior using single-molecule force spectroscopy with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). AFM allowed us to mimic the high and wide range of force ramps (103–106 pN s−1) as experienced in the inner ear. We performed in silico network analysis to learn that alterations in the conformations of the mutants interrupt the natural force-propagation paths through the sensors and make the mutant tip-links vulnerable to input forces from sound stimuli. We also demonstrated that a Ca2+ rich environment can restore the force-response of the mutant tip-links which may eventually facilitate the designing of better therapeutic strategies to the hearing loss.
Optimal storage and loading zones within surface parking facilities for privately owned automated vehicles
Authors: Kong You , Le Vine Scott , Liu Xiaobo
Published: August 2019

There is much speculation about the prospective impacts of automated vehicles (AVs) on parking supply and behaviour, however the literature contains little quantitative evidence. In this study, we develop a mixed‐integer non‐linear optimisation (MINLP) model of revenue maximisation to design parking facility layouts for privately‐owned automated cars that include separate vehicle‐storage and drop‐off/pick‐up zones (DOPU, or alternatively termed “PUDO zones”). The control variable is the allocation of space between these two competing uses. The model balances between revenue derived from parking (including revenue during activity time) and costs associated with the range of AVs’ parking and loading/unloading activities. Via numerical analysis of an archetypal shopping centre's parking facility, the authors demonstrate that the model responds intuitively to the stimulus of systematically varying the input parameters. This study is intended to provide an incremental advance to support researchers and practitioners tasked with quantifying the impacts of AVs on the parking system.
Railway traction DC–DC converter: Comparison of Si, SiC‐hybrid, and full SiC versions with 1700 V power modules
Authors: Rujas Alejandro , López Víctor M. , Garcia‐Bediaga Asier , Berasategi Aloña , Nieva Txomin
Published: August 2019

The influence of the silicon carbide (SiC) technology in terms of volume, weight, efficiency, and cost in a 225 kW DC–DC railway converter is detailed in this study. Three different power modules technologies have been used: ‘traditional’ silicon‐based power modules, SiC‐hybrid modules, and the newest full‐SiC power modules available in the market. An experimental comparison of the SiC‐hybrid and full‐SiC modules is presented, showing their switching waveforms compared with those of the original Si modules. The highest speeds obtained by the SiC technology make the use of the traditional power module packages impossible employing Si technology. Hence, the first full‐SiC modules available in the market are offered in low current ratings, requiring the complete redesign of the power converter to take advantage of the capabilities of the full‐SiC modules. The railway power converter under study in this work is nowadays used to regenerate the braking energy in a DC 750 V tram with some catenary‐free areas. As a final result, a full‐SiC version of converter is achieved.
Performance evaluation and benchmarking of PLL algorithms for grid‐connected RES applications
Authors: Ali Zunaib , Christofides Nicholas , Saleem Komal , Polycarpou Alexis , Mehran Kamyar
Published: August 2019

The phase‐locked loop (PLL) is the main controller element for the fast and accurate synchronisation and operation of grid‐connected renewable energy systems (RESs). It is used to extract the grid voltage information such as the phase angle, the frequency and amplitude. Subsequently, this information is used in the control system of the grid‐side converter of the RES. The performance of the PLL is critical under abnormal grid conditions such as in the event of balanced and/or unbalanced faults, frequency and phase variations, the presence of harmonics, interharmonics and DC offset. This study sets out with a benchmarking study of the four latest state‐of‐the‐art PLLs. The PLLs compared are the decoupled dual synchronous reference frame PLL, the decoupling network designed in αβ‐frame PLL, the enhanced pre‐filtering moving average filter type‐2 PLL and the harmonic–interharmonic DC‐offset PLL. The PLLs are analysed and compared based on their performance, their dynamic response and their computational complexity. The benchmarking concludes with a PLL selection guide depending on the application and other system constraints. Experiments and simulation results are presented to compare and analyse the performance of the selected PLLs.
Modelling, microfabrication and performance evaluation of non‐spiral planar microcoils for biomedical wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Sudhakaran Krishnapriya , Komaragiri Rama , Krishnan Jagada Suja
Published: August 2019

Microfabrication, electrical characterisation, and mathematical modelling of a non‐spiral planar microcoil useful for wireless power transfer applications in biomedical devices are presented in this work. The fabrication method using the existing very‐large‐scale integration manufacturing process requires a single mask level, and a single metal level without any via enables direct integration with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensing circuitry. An analytical model of magnetic field distribution in a non‐spiral microcoil is developed for the first time in this work, which satisfies the form of a Bessel function of the first kind. An electrical model of the non‐spiral planar microcoil is also developed and compared with experimental results. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model. Based on the experimental results, using optimised coil geometry, a wireless power transfer link suitable for biomedical wireless power transfer applications is studied. The maximum possible value of coupling factor of the wireless link is found to be 60% for a small separation between the coil and the magnet whereas the minimum value of coupling factor is found to be below 10% for large separations. It is found that introducing Neodymium magnetic shield layer at the receiving coil enhances the coupling factor significantly.
IRC + 10°216 mass loss properties through the study ofλ3 mm emission
Authors: Velilla-Prieto L. , Cernicharo J. , Agúndez M. , Fonfría J. P. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Marcelino N. , Castro-Carrizo A.
Published: August 2019

Low-mass evolved stars are major contributors to interstellar medium enrichment as a consequence of the intense mass-loss process these stars experience at the end of their lives. The study of the gas in the envelopes surrounding asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars through observations in the millimetre wavelength range provides information about the history and nature of these molecular factories. Here we present ALMA observations at subarsecond resolution, complemented with IRAM-30 m data, of several lines of SiO, SiS, and CS towards the best-studied AGB circumstellar envelope, IRC + 10°216. We aim to characterise their spatial distribution and determine their fractional abundances mainly through radiative transfer and chemical modelling. The three species display extended emission with several enhanced emission shells. CS displays the most extended distribution reaching distances up to approximately 20′′. SiS and SiO emission have similar sizes of approximately 11′′, but SiS emission is slightly more compact. We have estimated fractional abundances relative to H2, which on average are equal tof(SiO) ~10−7,f(SiS) ~10−6, andf(CS) ~10−6up to the photo-dissociation region. The observations and analysis presented here show evidence that the circumstellar material displays clear deviations from an homogeneous spherical wind, with clumps and low density shells that may allow UV photons from the interstellar medium (ISM) to penetrate deep into the envelope, shifting the photo-dissociation radius inwards. Our chemical model predicts photo-dissociation radii compatible with those derived from the observations, although it is unable to predict abundance variations from the starting radius of the calculations (~10R*), which may reflect the simplicity of the model. We conclude that the spatial distribution of the gas proves the episodic and variable nature of the mass loss mechanism of IRC + 10°216, on timescales of hundreds of years.
Water masers in Compton-thick AGN
Authors: Castangia P. , Surcis G. , Tarchi A. , Caccianiga A. , Severgnini P. , Della Ceca R.
Published: August 2019

Aims. Investigations of H2O maser galaxies at X-ray energies reveal that most active galactic nuclei (AGN) associated with water masers are characterized by high levels of absorption. With the aim of finding new maser sources for possible interferometric follow-ups, we have searched for water maser emission in a well-defined sample of heavily absorbed AGN (NH >  1023 cm−2), including Compton-thick (CT) sources.

Methods. Previous surveys already searched for 22 GHz water maser emission in all the galaxies in this sample. With the goal of providing a detection or a stringent upper limit on the H2O luminosity, we reobserved some of the non-detected sources with the Green Bank Telescope. A new luminous H2O maser (LH2O ∼ 200 L⊙) was detected in the mid-IR-bright Seyfert 2 galaxy IRAS 15480−0344 and then followed-up with the Very Long Baseline Array. In order to shed light on the origin of the maser (jet, outflow, or disk), we recently observed the radio continuum emission in IRAS 15480-0344 with the European VLBI network (EVN) at 1.7 and 5.0 GHz.

Results. With the newly discovered megamaser in IRAS 15480−0344 revealing a narrow (∼0.6 km s−1) and a broad (∼90 km s−1) component, the maser detection rate of the CT AGN sample is 50% (18/36), which is one of the highest ever found in maser surveys. The EVN maps show two bright sources (labeled SW and NE) in the nuclear region of IRAS 15480−0344, which we interpret as jet knots tracing regions where the radio plasma impacts dense molecular clouds. The narrow maser feature is approximately at the center of the imaginary line connecting the two continuum sources, likely pinpointing the core, and might be associated with the accretion disk or a nuclear outflow. The location of the broad maser feature, instead, coincides with source NE, suggesting that the maser emission might be produced by a jet-cloud interaction, as it was proposed for NGC 1068 and Mrk 348.
Towards mapping turbulence in the intra-cluster medium
Authors: Clerc Nicolas , Cucchetti Edoardo , Pointecouteau Etienne , Peille Philippe
Published: August 2019

Context. X-ray observations of galaxy clusters provide insights into the nature of gaseous turbulent motions, their physical scales, and the fundamental processes to which they are related. Spatially-resolved, high-resolution spectral measurements of X-ray emission lines provide diagnostics on the nature of turbulent motions in emitting atmospheres. Since they are acting on scales comparable to the size of the objects, the uncertainty on these physical parameters is limited by the number of observational measurements, through sample variance.

Aims. We propose a different and complementary approach to repeating numerical simulations for the computation of sample variance (i.e. Monte-Carlo sampling) by introducing new analytical developments for lines diagnosis.

Methods. We considered the model of a “turbulent gas cloud”, consisting in isotropic and uniform turbulence described by a universal Kolmogorov power-spectrum with random amplitudes and phases in an optically thin medium. Following a simple prescription for the four-term correlation of Fourier coefficients, we derived generic expressions for the sample mean and variance of line centroid shift, line broadening, and projected velocity structure function. We performed a numerical validation based on Monte-Carlo simulations for two popular models of gas emissivity based on the β-model.

Results. Generic expressions for the sample variance of line centroid shifts and broadening in arbitrary apertures are derived and match the simulations within their range of applicability. Generic expressions for the mean and variance of the structure function are provided and verified against simulations. An application to the Athena/X-IFU (Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics/X-ray Integral Field Unit) and XRISM/Resolve (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) instruments forecasts the potential of sensitive, spatially-resolved spectroscopy to probe the inertial range of turbulent velocity cascades in a Coma-like galaxy cluster.

Conclusions. The formulas provided are of generic relevance and can be implemented in forecasts for upcoming or current X-ray instrumentation and observing programmes.
The coronal temperature of NGC 4388 and NGC 2110 measured with INTEGRAL
Authors: Ursini F. , Bassani L. , Malizia A. , Bazzano A. , Bird A. J. , Stephen J. B. , Ubertini P.
Published: August 2019

Aims. We aim to measure the physical properties of the hot X-ray corona of two active galactic nuclei, NGC 4388 and NGC 2110.

Methods. We analysed the hard X-ray (20–300 keV) INTEGRAL spectrum in conjunction with archival XMM–Newton and NuSTAR data.

Results. The X-ray spectrum of both sources is phenomenologically well described by an absorbed cut-off power law. In agreement with previous results, we find no evidence of a Compton reflection component in these sources. We obtain a high-energy cut-off of 200−40+75 keV for NGC 4388 and 320−60+100 keV for NGC 2110. A fit with a thermal Comptonisation model yields a coronal temperature of 80−20+40 keV and 75−15+20 keV, respectively, and an optical depth of approximately two, assuming a spherical geometry. The coronal temperature and luminosity of both sources are consistent with pair production that acts as a thermostat for the thermal plasma. These results emphasise the importance of good signal-to-noise X-ray data above 100 keV to probe the high-energy emission of AGNs.
Sustainable regeneration of urban areas (using the example of Moscow renovation program)
Authors: Rimshin Vladimir , Aralov Roman
Published: August 2019

The paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of the renovation program in the city of Moscow (Russia). This program of the Moscow government is aimed at demolishing low-rise housing built in the 1960s and new construction in the vacated territory. On the basis of the analysis of this program’s disadvantages, seven major problems were identified - a flaw in the socio-spatial model of the city, a threat to small and medium businesses, a mortgage crisis, an economic issue, a low level of apartment comfort, an environmental problem, and increase in population density. Various methods for the reconstruction of the five-story buildings of the first mass series with superstructure floors are considered.
Dispersed reinforcement in concrete technology
Authors: Efimov Boris , Isachenko Sergey , Kodzoev Mukhamad-Basir , Dosanova Gulzar , Bobrova Ekaterina
Published: August 2019

The methods of disperse reinforcement of a concrete matrix with the help of fibers make it possible to manufacture structures of complex configuration and solve problems of frost resistance of products. Fiber replaces secondary reinforcement, reducing the volume of use of structural steel reinforcement. Cellular fibrous concrete is characterized by high performance properties, especially increased strength in bending and stretching, impact strength and crack resistance. As a reinforcing component, it is preferable to use mineral fibers or thin basalt fiber. The use of polyamide fiber is allowed, but there are difficulties in forming adhesive contacts between the fiber and the mineral matrix of cellular concrete. A feature of mineral fibers is that they are high adhesive to the cement matrix. One of the promising types of dispersed bulk reinforcement of lightweight concrete is the use of expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite can simultaneously be considered as a reinforcing component of a lamellar structure, as a component that reduces the density of the material and its thermal conductivity, as well as improves the fire protection performance. Expanded vermiculite can be used both in piece cladding products and as a part of dry warm and fire retardant plaster mixes.*
Nonlinear parametric oscillations of a viscoelastic shallow shell of variable thickness
Authors: Khodzhaev Dadakhon , Normuminov Bakhodir , Mustapakulov Yazdan , Mottaeva Angela
Published: August 2019

The problem of parametric oscillations of an isotropic viscoelastic shallow shell of variable thickness under periodic load is considered. It is believed that under the influence of specified load, the shallow shell allows displacements (in particular, deflections), commensurate with its thickness. In a geometrically nonlinear statement, taking into account the viscoelastic properties of material, a mathematical model of the problem has been developed using the classical Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis. Using the Bubnov-Galerkin method based on the polynomial approximation of the deflections, the problem is reduced to the study of the system of integro-differential equations, where time is the independent variable. The solution of the system of integrodifferential equations is determined by the proposed numerical method. Based on this method, a numerical solution algorithm is described. The Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn kernel with three different rheological parameters is chosen as a weakly singular kernel. At the same time, the effect of geometric nonlinearity, viscoelastic properties of material, as well as other physicomechanical and geometric parameters and factors (rheological parameters, thickness, initial shape imperfections, aspect ratios, boundary conditions, excitation coefficient) on the area of dynamic instability is taken into account. The results obtained in this study are in good agreement with the results and data obtained by other authors.
Fire extinguishing efficiency of hydrocarbon and fluorinated film-forming foaming agent
Authors: Vlasov Nikolay , Melnikov Artem
Published: August 2019

This article analyzes the fire extinguishing efficiency of hydrocarbon and fluorinated film-forming foaming agent. It was revealed that fluorinated blowing agents have a number of significant advantages over hydrocarbon. The main ones are: ensuring inertness when feeding from foam of various heights and distances, long-term prevention of reignition, extinguished petroleum product, the possibility of extinguishing hydrocarbon flames by supplying foam to the base of the tank, directly into the fuel layer
Elements of the synthesis method for the layout of a front-line aircraft
Authors: Dolgov Oleg , Bibikov Sergey , Pocebneva Irina
Published: August 2019

The article describes a technique that allows to form a planned projection of the aircraft using the minimum number of iterations (refinements based on aerodynamic and weight calculations results). The elements of the technique are described via example of the development (synthesis) of the layout scheme of a front-line aircraft with two engines and internal cargo compartments, performed according to the normal balancing scheme. Synthesis is carried out on the basis of certain predesign parameters, limitations, as well as solutions set by the designer, based on the analysis of parametric ratios and statistical dependencies.
Simulation of an aerodynamic profile with sections of ad hoc concavity
Authors: Pocebneva Irina , Deniskin Yuri , Yerokhin Alexandr , Artiukh Viktor , Vershinin Vladimir
Published: August 2019

The article describes the study carried out by the authors of the use of parametric geometric models to reduce the complexity of the design of parts that follow the theoretical contour of the bearing surfaces of the aircraft. Also, an algorithm that allows eliminating the existing ad hoc concavity profile is considered.
Separate concreting in the construction of monolithic buildings with rubble concrete
Authors: Mukhambetgaliev Artur , Sinenko Sergey
Published: August 2019

This article describes possible solutions to this problem using recycled building materials. Three approaches to choosing an optimum organisational and technological solution are presented, compared, and analysed. A chart is given for choosing the organisational and technological solution to erect a building. The most promising approach to finding an optimum is highlighted. It is modelling of the construction of buildings, structures, and complexes as the most effective and justified approach incorporating the best aspects of the first two and offering an opportunity to accomplish the task in the most objective way.
Effect of humidity on the wooden beams of the composite section
Authors: Linkov Vladimir
Published: August 2019

In wooden structures, the change in humidity affects the deformability and load-carrying capacity of joints and structures according to the criteria of the first and second groups of limiting states. In wooden beams of the composite cross-section with mechanical connections, with an increase in the moisture content of the timber, the structural strength of the structures is affected both by the increment in the deformations of the joints and by the change in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the wood, primarily, the modulus of elasticity of the material.
Urban land use planning within the system of sustainable urban development management
Authors: Bondarev Boris , Nosov Sergey , Antipov Oleg , Papikian Lusine
Published: August 2019

Agricultural and forest lands near settlements are main reserve for expansion of urban areas. Thus, among 148.5 thousand hectares of lands added to Moscow city territory in 2012, 72.2 thousand hectares or 48% were occupied by agricultural and forest lands. Urban areas are characterized by excessively high intensity of land use, land depletion, deterioration in environmental quality and decline in sustainability of urban development. The paper presents the results of analysis of urban land use planning system in the interests of sustainable development of urban territories. The object of the study is the land that is part of Moscow, which is planned to be developed in the coming decades. The authors propose an algorithm for urban development of such areas, which takes into account the quality of land. Design calculations for areas under development were carried out for Shchapovskoye settlement in New Moscow as an example. In addition, the paper covers aspects of land management when developing agricultural land within cities. The authors developed a classification of agricultural land according to a criterion of “suitability for urban development”. The suggested classification has been applied to achieve the objectives of planning urban land use development, determining the order of construction on agricultural lands within the system of sustainable urban development management.
Outsourcing: condition and perspectives of development of accounting services in Russia
Authors: Palesheva Nadezhda , Zonova Nadezhda , Grin Svetlana
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the state of the market for outsourcing accounting services in the Russian Federation and its development trends, the forms of interaction between customers and outsourcers in the accounting and financial field. The purpose of the article is to analyze the content and main characteristics of outsourcing accounting services, features and ways of its further development in Russia in modern economic conditions. The study of the authors is based on an analysis of open sources of information: the company’s websites, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Tax Service of Russia, scientific publications. Particular attention is paid to the study of publications of Russian and foreign authors, the assessment of the size, conditions and prospects of development of the market for accounting services in Russia. In particular, the factors that affect the accounting outsourcing industry have been identified. The authors made conclusions about the emergence of new players in the market for accounting outsourcing services, their approaches to the provision of services, identified the main prospects for the development of accounting business through deeper use of modern information and communication technologies and integration.
The role of small farms in ensuring food security in Russia
Authors: Sapozhnikova Ekaterina , Ryazanova Olesya
Published: August 2019

Food security is the most important area of national security. The market economy has led to the formation of new categories of agricultural producers. Country farms and personal subsidiary farms belong to the group of small farms. Modern approaches to determining the state of food security are discussed in the article. Indicators for assessing the role of small farms in food security are given. The method of calculating indicators is based on the provisions of the Food Security Doctrine and modern scientific concepts. Food independence analysis conducted. Indicators of independence from external supplies are defined for 2000-2017. The level of satisfaction of needs due to production in small farms is calculated. The growing role of peasant farms is determined in the food self-sufficiency of Russia. The direction of development of small farms investigated. Government support measures identified. The organizational and economic conditions for the development of small farms are presented.
Social and educational environment modeling in future vision: infosphere tools
Authors: Shipunova Olga , Evseeva Lidiya , Pozdeeva Elena , Evseev Vladimir V. , Zhabenko Ilona
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the study of information and communication environment tools for constructing a vision of the future. The research methodology is determined by the information paradigm providing a general theoretical basis for rational explanation of orienting interactions in socio-technical environment / system. The information model of interactions management in a social environment is noted to be of code nature, which is typical of an indirect influence on contemporaries' consciousness. The infosphere tools for the future modeling are presented by their structural, functional and motivational aspects. In the context of social and educational environment modeling, one should point out the material needs driven by the market code and background knowledge transmitting the stereotypes of thinking and behavior. Further, the authors specify the role of the worldview and educational paradigm in the future modeling. The results of mass expectations monitoring are presented, such as dynamic analysis of social sentiment indicators in Russia, youth assessment of the university’s image and prospects for online learning. The study materials include data of sociological surveys among Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University students. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the need for mental protection of a person in the digital hyper-net, which transforms the infosphere of communication thus creating potential threat of community and mental structures disorganization.
Management of pilot IT projects in the preparation of energy resources
Authors: Zharova Mariya , Shirokova Svetlana , Rostova Olga
Published: August 2019

The article examines high-risk objects in which it is necessary to monitor its state to prevent hazardous activities during the cycle of preparation of energy resources. The paper examines IT projects that help to if not prevent, then at least minimize the consequences of the negative impact of hazardous industries in process of preparation of energy resources. Due to the fact that currently, there are no uniform and specific requirements for the functionality of such information systems in public services, companies are implementing pilot projects for the implementation of the above tasks. All stages of the pilot project were formed and analyzed in detail. Based on the survey results, the requirements for the functional blocks of the information system were determined. The findings of the study were formed and presented for further use for the project management activities for the company in the oil and gas industry. Implementation of the project in pilot format is the most suitable option in the current conditions. This allows minimizing project risks associated with exceeding the deadlines, budget, as well as inconsistencies of current functionality with the needs of system users by ensuring the possibility of developing and testing the system in a short time and clarifying the future direction of IT solution refinement.
Geoenvironmental assessment of urban water bodies
Authors: Nasyrova Elina , Elizaryev Alexey , Aksenov Sergey , Baiduk Yuriy , Kamaeva Elvira , Akhtyamov Rasul
Published: August 2019

Do you need clean water in your city? At last time, the quality of urban water bodies does not correspond to normative requirements. The government could not control state of all urban water bodies. Mainly, this is related with financial costs. In the study, the method of geoenvironmental assessment of water bodies is proposed. It is differ from others by including four stages (study of anthropogenic factors, morphometric study, hydrochemical and hydrobiological analysis). And most importantly, hydrochemical analysis including few main parameters, which were divided by priority. Meanwhile, each of this parameter can be easily analyzed on-site and do not need expensive laboratory equipment. The proposed method of geoenvironmental assessment considered by the example of pond Teploe (Ufa city, Russia).
Ecological passportization of urban population in the Northwest Russia
Authors: Mandryka Olga , Shilin Mikhail , Ershova Alexandra , Matveev Yuri , Chusov Alexander , Popov Nikolay
Published: August 2019

The paper presents important criteria for human health estimation in urbanized industrial areas. On the contrary, environmental and economic conditions are successfully identified on the basis of population’ elemental status. Cause-effect relations between micro and macro element consumption (lack or abundance) and public health in North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation have been established using the open press sources. Data capturing and visualization are made. Spatial digital maps presenting element consumption for non-personalized groups as well as their main disorders are obtained. The environmental situation in urbanized regions should be used to make future modeling possible for the purposes of a green economy. The paper demonstrates there al picture of availability of macro and micro elements, their lack or abundance. Maximum disease cases per 1000 people appear in the Republic of Karelia, and minimum is in the Leningradskaya Oblast. In practice, mercury abundance is a stimulating agent for most disorders of different origin, which primarily, for example, neoplasms and leukemia. Monitoring and correction of chronic toxic metal exposure at the individual and population levels can significantly reduce expenses on educational and medical services, increase labor efficiency.
Effective functioning of enterprises with regard to environmental risks
Authors: Vasilenok Victor , Korovin Eduard , Aleksashkina Evgenia , Kochegarova Tatyana
Published: August 2019

The relevance of the chosen topic of the paper is caused by the need to analyze environmental risks arising during the operation of industrial, treatment and processing enterprises. The external and internal factors affecting the development and life cycle of an enterprise are presented. In order to understand how to solve problems associated with environmental risk, it is necessary to study the interaction of an enterprise with the environment in such areas as resource provision, production and sales of products. The system of effective functioning of an industrial enterprise is presented schematically. As a conclusion, it should be noted that the enterprise’s management team should pay increased attention to external and internal factors that may cause environmental risks.