bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human fallopian tube single-cell analysis reveals monocytic transcriptional and interaction changes in high-grade serous ovarian cancers
Authors: Brand Joshua , Haro Marcela , Lin Xianzhi , McGregor Stephanie M. , Lawrenson Kate , Dinh Huy Q.
Published: July 2023

Tumorigenesis for most high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) likely initiates from fallopian tube (FT) epithelia. While epithelial subtypes have been characterized using single-cell RNA- sequencing (scRNA-Seq), heterogeneity of other cellular compartments and their involvement in tumor progression are poorly defined. Integrated analysis of human FT scRNA-Seq data and other relevant tissues, including HGSC tumors, revealed greater transcriptional diversity of immune and stromal cells. We identify an unprecedented abundance of monocytes in human FT myeloid cells across two independent donor cohorts. The ratio of macrophages to monocytes are relatively similar between benign FTs, ovaries, and adjacent normal tissues, but is significantly greater in tumor. FT-defined monocyte and macrophage signatures, cell-cell communication, and gene set enrichment analysis identified monocyte- and macrophage-specific ligand-receptor interactions and functional pathways in tumors and adjacent normal tissue. Further reanalysis of tumor scRNA-Seq from HGSC patients suggested different monocyte and macrophage subsets associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Taken together, our work provides evidence that an altered FT immune composition could inform early detection markers in HGSCs.
Precipitation seasonality and soil texture interact to shape dryland recovery from severe disturbance
Authors: Terry Tyson J. , Adler Peter B.
Published: July 2023

Disturbances drive large changes in plant composition and ecosystem functioning in drylands, but current understanding of how recovery following disturbance depends on the environment is limited due to challenges in analyzing effects of disparate disturbances across abiotic gradients. Here we combine remote sensing and field observations across 5600+ km of natural gas pipeline corridors and adjacent undisturbed vegetation to investigate how recovery from a uniform, severe disturbance varies with factors that influence water availability in drylands. We found that NPP recovery often remains incomplete (42% of sites), except in cold precipitation regimes with low precipitation, and recovery of total shrub cover (median timing of 81 years) was faster on fine-textured soils. Locations with quick recovery of shrub cover were linked with a shift in dominant shrub species and incomplete NPP recovery. Our results indicate that drylands with high productivity or shrub cover are most vulnerable to severe disturbance.
Contribution of amino acids in the Active site of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 to the catalytic action of the enzyme
Authors: Gnoth Kathrin , Bär Joachim Wolfgang , Rosche Fred , Rahfeld Jens-Ulrich , Demuth Hans-Ulrich
Published: July 2023

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4)/CD26 regulates the biological function of various peptide hormones by releasing dipeptides from their N-terminus. The enzyme is a prominent target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and various DP4 inhibitors have been developed in recent years, but their efficacy and side effects are still an issue. Many available crystal structures of the enzyme give a static picture about enzyme-ligand interactions, but the influence of amino acids in the active centre on binding and single catalysis steps can only be judged by mutagenesis studies.

In order to elucidate their contribution to inhibitor binding and substrate catalysis, especially in discriminating the P1amino acid of substrates, the amino acids R125, N710, E205 and E206 were investigated by mutagenesis studies.

Our studies demonstrated, that N710 is essential for the catalysis of dipeptide substrates. We found that R125 is not important for dipeptide binding but interacts in the P1’position of the peptide backbone. In contrast to dipeptide substrates both amino acids play an essential role in the binding and arrangement of long natural substrates, particularly if lacking proline in the P1position. Thus, it can be assumed that the amino acids R125 and N710 are important in the DP4 catalysed substrate hydrolysis by interacting with the peptide backbone of substrates up- and downstream of the cleavage site.

Furthermore, we confirmed the important role of the amino acids E205 and E206. However, NP Y, displaying proline in P1position, is still processed without the participation of E205 or E206.
Synergizing Geometric Deep Learning and Data-Centric Methods for Improved Protein Structural Alignment
Authors: Rademaker Daniel T. , van Dijk Jarek M. , Parizi Farzaneh M. , Xue Li C.
Published: July 2023

Motivation

Structures are replacing the role of sequences. Traditional bioinformatics research focused on sequences because they were easily obtained. Advances in techniques like cryo-electron microscopy, molecular modeling, docking algorithms, and structure prediction software have shifted the focus to structures. Given the importance of deep learning in many of these breakthroughs, it makes sense to also explore how it can modernize classic bioinformatics tools. However, empirical findings have shown that machine learning based methods have many pitfalls resulting in overoptimistic conclusions, including data leakage between test and training data. Thus, there is a need for new innovations to make neural networks more intelligible.

Results

We have developed vanGOGH, a geometric deep learning-based structural alignment approach that performs on par with the state-of-the-art without ever having been trained on a pair of naturally found homologs. We adopted a data-centric approach to address deep learning and data limitations by augmenting protein templates into synthetic homologs for training.

Our method allowed us to supplement homolog data by knowledge-driven augmentation, self-learning of relevant structural features by supervised examples and protein alignment that is competitive with state-of-the art methods.

Availability

GNN framework:https://github.com/DeepRank/deeprank-core/tree/main/deeprankcore

Contact

Li.Xue@radboudumc.nl
Impact of High Fat Diet and Sex in a Rabbit Model of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Kuroiwa Tomoyuki , Lui Hayman , Nakagawa Koichi , Iida Naoya , Desrochers Claire , Wan Rou , Adam Elameen , Larson Dirk , Amadio Peter , Gingery Anne
Published: July 2023

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder, characterized by fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Risk factors for CTS include metabolic dysfunction and age. Additionally, the incidence of CTS is higher in women. In this study we hypothesized that a high-fat diet (HFD), a common driver of metabolic dysfunction, would promote SSCT fibrosis found in CTS and that this response would be sex dependent. To test this, we examined the effects of HFD and sex on SSCT fibrosis using our established rabbit model of CTS. Forty-eight (24 male, 24 female) adult rabbits were divided into four groups including HFD or standard diet with and without CTS induction. SSCT was collected for histological and gene expression analysis. HFD promoted SSCT thickening and upregulated profibrotic genes, including TGF-β. Fibrotic genes were differentially expressed in males and females. Interestingly while the prevalence of CTS is greater in women than in men, the converse is observed in the presence of metabolic dysfunction. This work recapitulates this clinical observation and begins to elucidate the sex-based differences found in SSCT fibrosis. This knowledge should drive further research and may lead to metabolic and sex specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with CTS.
The D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 improves waiting impulsivity in a baseline dependent manner
Authors: Abdulkader Sara , Gigg John
Published: July 2023

Rationale

Stimulants are the first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the ensuing risk of abuse with stimulants means there is an urgent need for new, low-risk therapeutic agents. D1 receptors play an important role in the cognitive enhancing effects of stimulants and thus may provide a therapeutic target. Previous pre-clinical studies have shown that selective activation of D1 receptors improves sustained attention in the 5C-CPT without improving waiting impulsivity (premature response).

Objective

The aim of the present experiment was to compare the effects of the selective D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 to a standard ADHD treatment (amphetamine) on waiting impulsivity in the 5C-CPT under extended inter-trial intervals. Oldham’s method was used to determine the presence of a rate-dependent effect.

Methods

Adult female Lister hooded rats were trained to criterion in the 5C-CPT (>70% accuracy, < 30% omission and < 40% false alarms). Effects of the selective D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 (2-6 mg/kg) or amphetamine (0.1-0.4 mg/kg) were investigated under behavioural manipulations to challenge inhibitory response control.

Results

The highest dose of SKF 38393 and the two highest doses of amphetamine improved waiting impulsivity in a baseline dependent manner. The clockwise movement of the regression line indicates that, as the dose increases, the magnitude of improvement increases in a manner consistent with baseline performance.

Conclusions

These findings support further clinical investigation of D1 receptor modulators to facilitate the discovery of improved medications for impulsive behaviour related disorders such as ADHD. The concept of rate dependency applies to effects of SKF 38393 or amphetamine on waiting impulsivity. Oldham’s correlation method may present an opportunity to enhance the translational value of research in the preclinical laboratory to the clinic.
Integrating ecosystem and contaminant models to predict the effects of ecosystem fluxes on contaminant dynamics
Authors: McLeod Anne M. , Leroux Shawn J. , Rizzuto Matteo , Leibold Mathew A. , Schiesari Luis
Published: July 2023

Pollution is one of the major drivers of ecosystem change in the Anthropocene. Toxic chemicals are not constrained to their source of origin as they cross ecosystem boundaries via biotic (e.g., animal migration) and abiotic (e.g., water flow) vectors. Meta-ecology has led to important insights on how spatial flows or subsidies of matter across ecosystem boundaries can have broad impacts on local and regional ecosystem dynamics but has not yet addressed the dynamics of pollutants. Understanding how these meta-ecosystem processes on contaminant dynamics may reverberate up a food chain is important even if they might be difficult to predict. Here we derive a modelling framework to predict how spatial ecosystem fluxes can influence contaminant dynamics and how the severity of this impact is dependent on the type of ecosystem flux leading to the spatial coupling (e.g., herbivore movement vs abiotic chemical flows). We mix an analytical and numerical approach to analyze our integrative model which couples two distinct sub-components – an ecosystem model and a contaminant model. We observe an array of dynamics for how chemical concentrations change with increasing nutrient input and loss rate across trophic levels. When we tailor our range of chemical parameter values to specific organic chemicals our results demonstrate that increasing nutrient input rates can lead to trophic dilution in pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls across trophic levels. Yet, increasing nutrient loss rate causes an increase in concentrations of chemicals across all trophic levels. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that nutrient recycling is an important ecosystem process impacting contaminant concentrations, generating predictions to be addressed by future empirical studies. Importantly, our model demonstrates the utility of our framework for identifying drivers of contaminant dynamics in connected ecosystems including the importance that a) ecosystem processes, and b) movement, especially movement of lower trophic levels, have on contaminant concentrations. For example, how increasing nutrient loss rate leads to increasing contaminant concentrations, or how movement of lower trophic levels contributes to elevated herbivore contaminant concentrations. This dynamic is particularly relevant given that the flow of matter between ecosystems also serves as a vector for the transport of contaminants.
A novel polycistronic method tailored for engineering split GECIs
Authors: Olszakier Shunit , Hussein Wessal , Heinrich Ronit , Andreyanov Michael , Otor Yara , Schiller Jackie , Kellner Shai , Berlin Shai
Published: July 2023

We assessed the feasibility of using stop-codons as means to obtain polycistronic expression in eukaryotic cells. We show robust bicistronic expression of different open reading frames (ORFs), when these are cloned in-sequence and simply separated by stop codons (in-or out-of-frame), in heterologous expression systems and primary neurons. We further find this method to support polycistronic expression of three stop-codon-separated ORFsin vivo, which guided us to develop a technicolor Genetically-Encoded Functional Rainbow Indicators (GEFRIs) for monitoring cellular morphology and neuronal firing, concomitantly. These findings guided us to develop a new technique we denoteSPLIT—Stop-codon mediatedPolycistronicInduction in HeTerologous expression systems— for rapid and easy development of fragmented proteins by the sole use of stop codons. We validated theSPLITmethod by generating several new split-GFP variants, then engineer a palette of functional split-GCaMP6s variants and, lastly, generate a split ca2+-probe localized at ER and mitochondria junctions, denoted split-MEGIC. With the use of the probe, we show presence and activity of mito-ER contact sites within individual dendritic spines. Split-MEGIC can thereby be imaged by two-photon excitationin vivoin mice brains and, by standard confocal microscope in transgenic zebrafish larvae. Together, we explore non-canonical translation mechanisms and show these to be highly pervasive in various cell typesin vitroandin vivo. We harness translation re-initiation to express multiple ORFs, to engineer rainbow indicators and to swiftly produce functional split-proteins and probes.
Mothers' job crafting and work-to-family enrichment: a self-concept perspective
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Fan Yun , Zhang Yue
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Based on the self-concept perspective, the purpose of this paper is to explore the process of working mothers who conduct job crafting to build new role identities and self-efficacy, which ultimately affects work-to-family enrichment. The paper further explores the moderating role of inclusive leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data at two time points. The sample for the study consisted of 216 professional working mothers in China who returned to work after the birth of their first child.

Findings

Results show that working mothers' job crafting had a positive effect on work-to-family enrichment. In addition, working mothers' role identity and role self-efficacy played mediating roles between the links. Finally, inclusive leadership moderates the indirect effect of task crafting and relational crafting on work-to-family enrichment through role identity and role self-efficacy. The positive indirect relationships are stronger in high levels of inclusive leadership.

Practical implications

The employers should provide opportunities, support, and freedom for working mothers to craft their jobs according to their individual demands for better self and home outcomes.

Originality/value

This study focuses on the job crafting of working mothers. The authors extend the consequences of job crafting to the nonwork domain. In addition, this study uncovers the influence of job crafting from the perspective of self-concept (i.e. role identity and role self-efficacy). Furthermore, the authors demonstrate the moderating role played by inclusive leadership in this process.
Effects of e-learning technologies on university librarians and libraries: a systematic literature review
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Khan Shakeel Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emerging technologies in e-learning on university librarians and libraries. The study also intended to identify emerging technologies in e-learning and challenges being faced to implement e-learning technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

The preferred reporting items for the systematic review and meta-analysis method was applied as the research methodology for conducting the study. A total of 25 core studies published in peer-reviewed journals were selected to conduct a systematic literature review. The data were analysed through a thematic approach.

Findings

The results of the study revealed that e-learning technologies assist library professionals to strengthen their expertise and support them in initiating smart library services to deliver customer-focused services. A shortage of skilled manpower, the unavailability of adequate IT infrastructure, a lack of technical support, copyright issues, poor planning and ineffective library leadership are major challenges to implementing emerging technologies in e-learning.

Originality/value

The study offers theoretical implications by adding valuable literature to the existing body of knowledge. It has a societal impact as it has offered recommendations and practical solutions for the successful adoption of emerging technologies in e-learning. The study also offers managerial implications to develop fruitful policies for implementing e-learning technologies for the innovative sustainable competence development of library manpower and implementation of smart library services.
Persistence and volatility spillovers of Bitcoin to other leading cryptocurrencies: a BEKK-GARCH analysis
Authors: Sinlapates Parichat , Chancharat Surachai
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effects of volatility transmission among Bitcoin and other leading cryptocurrencies, namely, Binance USD, BNB, Cardano, Dogecoin, Ethereum, Polkadot, Polygon, Solana, Tether, USD Coin and XRP.

Design/methodology/approach

The multivariate BEKK-GARCH model is used with the daily data set from 1 January 2017 to 31 March 2023. The data set is analysed in its entirety and is also the COVID-19 epidemic period.

Findings

The study reveals that while the volatility of cryptocurrency prices is influenced by their own historical shocks and volatility, there is proof of the effects shock transmission among Bitcoin and other notable cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, the authors identify the spillover effects of volatility among all 11 pairs and provide evidence that conditional correlations with varying time constants are present, and predominantly positive for both the entire and COVID-19 outbreak periods.

Practical implications

The findings will be helpful to market experts who want to avoid losses in traditional assets. To develop the best risk management and hedging strategies, businesses might use the information to build asset portfolios or personalise payment methods. The use of such data by investors and portfolio managers could aid in the development of investment opportunities, risk insurance plans or hedging strategies for the management of financial portfolios.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the use of the BEKK-GARCH model for examining the effects of volatility spillover among Bitcoin and the other eleven top cryptocurrencies has not been previously documented.
Validation of happiness at workplace scale in India – an empirical study on EdTech employees
Authors: Goel Preeti , Singh Animesh
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the properties of Happiness at Workplace (HAW) scale and investigate the validity of the scale in the Indian context using a sample of EdTech employees (knowledge-intensive population). This is consistent with encouraging the happiness literature as well as facilitating positive approaches at the working place in developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach

Responses were collected via Questionnaire from the employees of EdTech Companies, and a total of 500 responses were investigated. The factor structures, reliability and validity of the HAW scale were tested with the help of SPSS and Smart PLS Software Version 4.0.8.7.

Findings

The findings of this study showed that all the criteria of reliability and validity for validation of HAW scale were met when used in Indian culture, and the higher-order construct of HAW scale was retained.

Originality/value

Because of the differences in work cultures and societal structures among nations, the validation of HAW scale in the Indian context is needed, as the majority of the studies in the field of happiness were conducted in Western countries. So this study contributes significantly by validating the HAW scale in India by using a sample of EdTech employees.
The background of restaurant employees’ revenge intention: supervisor incivility, organizational gossip, and blaming others
Authors: Akgunduz Yilmaz , Sanli Kayran Sabahat Ceylin , Metin Uğurcan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Supervisor incivility and organizational gossip are two examples of dark organizational behaviors. Norm of reciprocity theory suggests that employees may develop revenge intentions after exposure to such behaviors while attributing blame to others. This study aims to empirically investigate the mediating effect of blaming others on the impact of supervisor incivility and negative organizational gossip on revenge intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the measurement model. Structural equation model was used to test the research hypotheses based on data gathered in Turkey from restaurant employees in Mersin Marina selected by convenience sampling. Data set that consists of 239 questionnaires was subjected to CFA.

Findings

The findings show that negative organizational gossip and supervisor incivility increase to employees’ revenge intentions, and blaming others mediates the impact of supervisor incivility and negative organizational gossip no employees’ revenge intentions. In addition, blaming others mediates the impact of supervisor incivility and negative organizational gossip on employees’ revenge intentions.

Originality/value

Empirical study has not been encountered related to dark behaviors of (especially gossip, incivility, blame and revenge intention) restaurant managers and employees as a holistic model. Therefore, this paper contributes to organizational behavior literature. Moreover, this paper suggests to restaurant managers for supply to organizational peace.
Influence of service parameters on the current-carrying tribological properties of CF-Al2O3/Cu composites
Authors: Jia Chaofan , Li Shaolin , Guo Xiuhua , Su Juanhua , Song Kexing
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The effect of different service parameters on the current-carrying tribological properties of CF-Al2O3/Cu composites was investigated, and the damage behavior of the composites under different service parameters was probed. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the application of CF-Al2O3/Cu composites.

Design/methodology/approach

The composites were fabricated by internal oxidation combined with powder metallurgy. The current-carrying tribological properties of CF-Al2O3/Cu composites were investigated on an electrical damage test system at different loads and currents.

Findings

As the load increases, the wear mechanism of the composite changes from abrasive wear to delamination wear. As the current increases, the oxidation wear and arc erosion of the composites gradually intensified. Under the service parameters of 0–25 A and 30–40 N, the composite has relatively stable current-carrying tribological properties.

Originality/value

This paper could provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of CF-Al2O3/Cu composites.
Islamic corporate governance quality and value relevance of accounting information in Islamic banks
Authors: Toumi Kaouther , Hamrouni Amal
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the Shari’ah governance quality effectiveness, at the bank and national levels, on the value relevance of Islamic banks’ (IBs’) earning per share and book value per share.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative analyses are conducted using a panel of 40 listed IBs from 12 countries during 2012–2019. Data were retrieved from the Refinitiv Eikon database and banks’ annual reports.

Findings

The findings suggest that Shari’ah supervisory boards’ attributes negatively influence the value relevance of accounting information while the internal procedures positively impact it. The results also provide evidence of a complementary effect between Shari’ah governance mechanisms at the bank and national levels on the value relevance of accounting information.

Practical implications

IBs’ boards and managers need to be more aware of the role of Shari’ah governance and its impact on value relevance. The observed complementarity between Shari’ah governance systems at the bank and national levels may incite regulators to include comprehensive Shari’ah governance regulations in their best practices. Strengthening collaboration between regulators and the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) is also required to create an enabling environment for investors to rely on the AAOIFI accounting standards in their investment decision-making process.

Originality/value

Existing studies tend to ignore the effectiveness of Shari’ah governance quality at the bank level on value relevance. There is a similar lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of the centralized Shari’ah governance scheme on accounting issues.
Employee empowerment and organizational commitment among employees of star-rated hotels in Ghana: Does perceived supervisor support matter?
Authors: Kyei-Frimpong Michael , Kodwo Amoako Emmanuel , Akwetey-Siaw Bridget , Owusu Boakye Kwame , Nyarko Adu Isaac , Suleman Abdul-Razak , Abdul Bawa Amin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The current study aimed to examine the moderating role of perceived supervisor support in the nexus between employee empowerment and organizational commitment in the Ghanaian hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected from 274 frontline workers from 4-star and 5-star hotels at two different waves within a 7-month interval. The data received were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V. 23.0) and SmartPLS (V.4.0), respectively.

Findings

As hypothesized in the study, employee empowerment was significantly related to organizational commitment. Furthermore, the results revealed that perceived supervisor support moderated the nexus between employee empowerment and affective and continuance commitment but did not moderate the nexus between employee empowerment and normative commitment.

Originality/value

Arguably, support from supervisors has been theoretically identified as a key construct in enhancing subordinates' commitment to an organization. However, less is known in the literature about the moderating role of perceived supervisory support in the nexus between employee empowerment and organizational commitment, especially in the Ghanaian hospitality industry.
Investor gambling preferences and stock returns: evidence from the Shanghai A-share markets
Authors: Su Larry
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between investor gambling preferences and stock returns, using data for all firms listed in Shanghai A-share market during 2016 and 2021.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs price and trading volume data to capture the behavioral characteristics and gambling preferences of investors. Using the Fama-French three-factor and five-factor models to estimate benchmark returns, this study investigates whether investing in gambling stocks can yield positive excess returns.

Findings

The study reveals that stocks identified as gambling stocks generate high returns in the month they are identified as such but subsequently experience a significant drop in excess returns compared to non-gambling stocks over the following one to six months. These results are found to be consistent across different methods used to classify gambling stocks and across various industry sectors.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides insights into the risk-return tradeoff of different stock types and the factors that fuel irrational investment behavior. This research underscores the importance of considering the behavioral elements of investment, particularly in emerging markets where individual investors have a significant impact.

Practical implications

This study advises investors to avoid adopting a gambler or speculative mindset and instead make well-informed and calculated investment decisions that are in line with investors financial objectives and risk appetite. This approach can help create a more stable and sustainable financial market.

Originality/value

This study provides new evidence on the relationship between gambling preferences and future stock returns in financial markets and sheds new light on the important role of irrational factors in investment decisions.
Looking back to predict the future: a review of empirical support for the self-fulfilling prophecy
Authors: Romney Alexander , Harrison Jake T. , Benson Seth
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to systematically review the scholarly literature on the self-fulfilling prophecy and identify the theoretical and methodological gaps in the literature as a foundation to encourage future research.

Design/methodology/approach

To develop a theoretical framework for self-fulfilling prophecy research, each empirical article published in a peer-reviewed journal from January 2001 to October 2022 was retrieved using EBSCO’s Business Source Premier database. The keywords “self-fulfilling prophecy,” “Galatea effect,” “Golem effect” and “Pygmalion effect” were used in the Abstract of articles to conduct this literature review.

Findings

The authors developed a 2 × 2 framework that distinguishes self-fulfilling prophecies based on whether they are initiated internally or externally and whether positive or negative outcomes result. The authors then introduce what we label the Eyeore effect. The resulting framework helps identify the need for more research on the golem, Galatea and Eyeore effect.

Research limitations/implications

This review is limited because the authors only reviewed peer-reviewed empirical articles in the English language.

Originality/value

This work provides a meaningful framework to synthesize the types of self-fulfilling prophecies and systematically reviews the state of the literature, as a springboard to identify and encourage fruitful areas of future research.
“Please don't be too nice”: the role of political ideology in the approval of police use of force
Authors: Navarro John C. , Hansen Michael A.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the ideological gaps on police use of force.

Design/methodology/approach

In a national-level survey distributed via Mechanical Turk (MTurk) (n = 979), the authors explore the role that respondents' political ideology plays in the approval of police use of force across a range of scenarios.

Findings

Across all scenarios, self-identified conservative respondents maintain strong approval of police use of force. In comparison, liberal respondents provide more variance in their views on approval of police use of force based on the scenario. The scenarios where there are small gaps in approval between the two ideologies are when reasonable force is used toward a violent threat.

Social implications

There are specific circumstances where the messaging surrounding use of force can create agreement (reasonable) or disagreement (excessive) among conservatives and liberals.

Originality/value

Conservatives and liberals demonstrate gaps across an even larger set of use of force scenarios.
The End of the Rhetorical Line? The ‘Partygate’ Investigation into former UK Prime Minister, Boris Johnson
Authors: Bowman Daniel , Roe‐Crines Andrew S.
Published: July 2023

In dramatic and unprecedented circumstances, a former British Prime Minister has been investigated by the House of Commons Privileges Committee for breaking laws set by his own government by socialising and partying whilst the rest of the country toiled during the Covid lockdowns. The lockdown laws were clear, saying we ‘must stay at home, protect the NHS, and save lives’. Socialising of any kind was outlawed, with high fines imposed. Yet, for Boris Johnson, it was unclear whether such restrictions applied to his administration. After the submission of evidence from witnesses in Number Ten and testimony from the defendant himself, a ground‐breaking verdict that will reverberate around Westminster and the Conservative Party for months and years to come was delivered—namely, that Boris Johnson knowingly misled Parliament on multiple occasions about the social activities and that he should be held in contempt of Parliament. The fallout of this verdict will cause division within the Conservative Party and will remind voters of a lengthy period most would rather forget. This article reviews the circumstances of the committee proceedings, the evidence presented, the outcome and how this impacts negatively upon trust in politics which, prior to these proceedings, was already at a low point.
The Rise and Rise of English Nationalism?
Authors: McCrone David
Published: July 2023

This article reviews myths about English identity, using ‘myth’ in a social scientific way, a truth held to be self‐evident; not something which is patently untrue. It argues that there must be three defining dimensions of English ‘nationalism’ if it is to be treated as such: first, whether there has been a significant increase in the proportion of people claiming ‘English’ as their national identity; second, how ‘England’ is treated as an ‘imagined community’; and third, the degree to which the Conservative Party is the political vehicle for English nationalism. These dimensions are labelled the social, the cultural and the political. Only if there is sustained evidence for all three aspects might we consider English nationalism to be a significant phenomenon.
Transforming the fermented fish landscape: Microbiota enable novel, safe, flavorful, and healthy products for modern consumers
Authors: Wang Yueqi , Chen Qian , Li Laihao , Chen Shengjun , Zhao Yongqiang , Li Chunsheng , Xiang Huan , Wu Yanyan , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao
Published: July 2023

Regular consumption of fish promotes sustainable health while reducing negative environmental impacts. Fermentation has long been used for preserving perishable foods, including fish. Fermented fish products are popular consumer foods of historical and cultural significance owing to their abundant essential nutrients and distinct flavor. This review discusses the recent scientific progress on fermented fish, especially the involved flavor formation processes, microbial metabolic activities, and interconnected biochemical pathways (e.g., enzymatic/non‐enzymatic reactions associated with lipids, proteins, and their interactions). The multiple roles of fermentation in preservation of fish, development of desirable flavors, and production of health‐promoting nutrients and bioactive substances are also discussed. Finally, prospects for further studies on fermented fish are proposed, including the need of monitoring microorganisms, along with the precise control of a fermentation process to transform the traditional fermented fish to novel, flavorful, healthy, and affordable products for modern consumers. Microbial‐enabled innovative fermented fish products that consider both flavor and health benefits are expected to become a significant segment in global food markets. The integration of multi‐omics technologies, biotechnology‐based approaches (including synthetic biology and metabolic engineering) and sensory and consumer sciences, is crucial for technological innovations related to fermented fish. The findings of this review will provide guidance on future development of new or improved fermented fish products through regulating microbial metabolic processes and enzymatic activities.
Early sepsis in Australia and New Zealand: A point‐prevalence study of haemodynamic resuscitation practices
Authors: Peake Sandra L , Delaney Anthony , Finnis Mark , Hammond Naomi , Knowles Serena , McDonald Stephen , Williams Patricia J ,   the ARISE FLUIDS Investigators, The George Institute for Global Health and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group
Published: July 2023

Objective

Optimal resuscitation of sepsis‐induced hypotension is uncertain, particularly the role of restrictive fluid strategies, leading to variability in usual practice. The objective of this study is to understand resuscitation practices in patients presenting to ED with early sepsis.

Methods

Design, participants and setting: Prospective, observational, multicentre, single‐day, point‐prevalence study enrolling adult patients present in 51 Australian and New Zealand ICUs at 10.00 hours, 8 June 2021. Main outcome measures: Site‐level data on sepsis policies and patient‐level demographic data, presence of sepsis and fluid and vasopressor administration in the first 24 h post‐ED presentation.

Results

A total of 722 patients were enrolled. ED was the ICU admission source for 222 of 722 patients (31.2%) and 78 of 222 patients (35%) met the criteria for sepsis within 24 h of ED presentation. Median age of the sepsis cohort was 61 (48–72) years, 58% were male and respiratory infection was the commonest cause (53.8%). The sepsis cohort had a higher severity of illness than the non‐sepsis cohort (144/222 patients) and chronic immunocompromise was more common. Of 78 sepsis patients, 55 (71%) received ≥1 fluid boluses with 500 and 1000 mL boluses equally common (both 49%). In the first 24 h, 2335 (1409–3125) mL (25.3 [13.2–42.9] mL/kg) was administered. Vasopressors were administered in 53 of 78 patients (68%) and for 25 patients (47%) administration was peripheral.

Conclusions

ICU patients presenting to the ED with sepsis receive less fluids than current international recommendations and peripheral vasopressor administration is common. This finding supports the conduct of clinical trials evaluating optimal fluid dose and vasopressor timing for early sepsis‐induced hypotension.
Dietary fiber extraction from citrus peel pomace: Yield optimization and evaluation of its functionality, rheological behavior, and microstructure properties
Authors: Chen Lily , Wu Yincai , Jiang Xinjia , Gan Diansong , Fan Jingxin , Sun Yanmei , Liu Wenliang , Li Xianggang
Published: July 2023

Citrus fruits were widely used in processing and production, generating a large amount of peel pomace and a low utilization rate, resulting in substantial economic losses and environmental risks. It was important to extract compounds from citrus peel pomaces and find suitable preparation methods to improve their yield and physicochemical properties. Grapefruit peel pomace (GP) and navel orange peel pomace (OP) were used as raw materials in this study to prepare green and edible soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Analysis was done on the effects of solid–liquid ratio, cellulase hydrolysis time, cellulase dosage, and ultrasonic time on dietary fiber (DF) yield. To obtain the best DF preparation conditions, we used range analysis, variance analysis, and orthogonal experimental design. We also analyzed the structural, physicochemical, and rheological characteristics of SDF and IDF. According to the study's findings, SDF and IDF showed a loose and expansive structure with reduced particle size, higher specific surface area, and noticeably better physical and chemical properties after treating GP and OP with ultrasound‐assisted composite enzyme method. Both SDF solution and IDF suspension were discovered through rheological analysis to be non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids, which was advantageous for expanding their applications in the field of food packaging. In conclusion, DF prepared using the ultrasound‐assisted composite enzyme method was an excellent source of edible packaging materials, offering a benchmark for the recycling of other citrus peel wastes and ultimately paving the way for new methods of recycling citrus waste.
Civic ecosystems and social innovation: From collaboration to complementarity
Authors: Rangelov Iavor , Theros Marika
Published: July 2023

This article introduces civic ecosystems as a concept and set of practical approaches to social innovation. It draws on several examples of civic ecosystems in action to highlight their main characteristics and to provide insights and lessons for applying ecosystem approaches to social innovation in practice. The discussion of civic ecosystems is placed in the broader context of the rise of ecosystem thinking among social change practitioners, researchers, technologists and funders. The article argues for a paradigm shift in social innovation from networks as vehicles for collaboration to ecosystems as catalysts for complementarity.
Burden of esophageal cancer between 2010 and 2019 in Asian countries by geographical region and sociodemographic index: A comparison with global data
Authors: Mazidimoradi Afrooz , Amiri Sanaz , Khani Yousef , Allahqoli Leila , Salehiniya Hamid
Published: July 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to describe the trends in incidence, mortality, and burden of esophageal cancer (EC) in Asia from 2010 through 2019 and compare with other global continental data.

Methods

We collected EC data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study from 2010 to 2019 in 49 countries and territories in Asia based on the sociodemographic index (SDI). For all locations, annual case data and age‐standardized rates (ASRs) were extracted to investigate the EC incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs). The ASR relative difference (%) between years and the male/female (M/F) ratio were calculated. Data are reported in values and 95% uncertainty interval (UI).

Results

In 2019, more than 70% of EC new cases, deaths, prevalence, and DALYs occurred in Asian countries. From 2010 to 2019, incidences, deaths, prevalence cases, and DALY number of EC increased over 1.10‐, 1.07‐, 1.14‐, and 1.03‐fold, in Asia. During this period, the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized death rate (ASDR), age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age‐standardized DALYs rate (DALYs ASR) of EC decreased by 18, 21, 14, and 22%, respectively. The rate of decline in Asia is higher than in the world and other continents. In 2019, age‐specific incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY cases of EC cancer peaked at 65–74, 70–74, 65–69, and 65–69 years, respectively. In 2019, the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALYs ASR of EC were observed in East Asian countries, while having the highest decreasing trend. In 2019, among high SDI Asian countries, Taiwan had the highest ASIR, ASPR, and DALYs ASR, and the United Arab Emirates had the highest ASDR. Among high‐middle SDIs, Kazakhstan had the highest ASIR, ASPR, ASDR, and DALYs ASR; among middle SDIs, China had the highest ASIR, ASDR, and ASPR, and Viet Nam had the highest DALYs ASR; among low‐middle SDIs, Mongolia had the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of EC cancer. Among low SDI Asian countries, Pakistan had the highest ASIR and ASPR, and DALY ASR for EC cancer. For four indicators, in most countries, the ratio of men was higher than women, and in some countries, this ratio reached more than 10 times.

Conclusion

Although the rate of decline in incidence, death, prevalence and burden of EC in Asia was higher than in other areas in the last 10 years, more than 70% of these amounts occur in Asia. Therefore, it appears that adopting appropriate strategies in the field of identifying and controlling modifiable risk factors for EC, implementing screening programs, and timely diagnosis and treatment will help in reducing the burden of this disease in Asian countries.
Significance of programmed death‐ligand 1 expression in resected lung cancer and its relationship with EGFR mutation
Authors: Osoegawa Atsushi , Abe Miyuki , Takumi Yohei , Hashimoto Takafumi , Karashima Takashi , Miyawaki Michiyo , Sugio Kenji
Published: July 2023

Background

Several studies have reported that the high expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) within tumor cells predicts a poor prognosis. However, the relationship between the PD‐L1 expression and lymph node metastasis or driver mutations in lung cancer remains poorly understood.

Methods

A total of 356 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for primary lung cancer were included in the study. There were 268 adenocarcinomas including 100 EGFR mutations, 67 squamous cell carcinomas (Sq), and 21 other histologies. The high expression of PD‐L1 was defined as a tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50. The relationship between the PD‐L1 expression and clinicopathological factors and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was analyzed.

Results

The PD‐L1 expression was high in 75 patients. It was significantly related to smoking history, Sq histology, driver mutation negative, elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and lymph node metastasis. Among patients with driver mutations, a high PD‐L1 TPS was found in patients with EGFR G719X mutation. A significant difference in RFS was observed in adenocarcinoma patients. A multivariate analysis of adenocarcinoma cases revealed that tumor size and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for poor RFS, while the PD‐L1 expression was not. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of driver mutations, lymph node metastasis, and a history of smoking were significantly associated with the high expression of PD‐L1.

Conclusion

Lymph node metastasis was positively related with the high expression of PD‐L1, resulting in poor RFS. A high PD‐L1 TPS was observed in patients with the EGFR G719X mutation.
Brief report: Implementing and evolving suicide prevention strategies at Taoyuan Psychiatric Center inspired by NIC Umbrella review
Authors: Wei Lien‐Chung
Published: July 2023

This brief report discusses the implementation and evolution of suicide prevention strategies at Taoyuan Psychiatric Center in Taiwan. These strategies are inspired by the nursing interventions presented in an “Umbrella review of nursing interventions NIC for the treatment and prevention of suicidal behavior.” The interventions are a part of an employee assistance program (EAP) designed to support the mental health of the nursing staff and other employees, with a particular focus on preventing and managing suicidal behaviors. The EAP involves multi‐tiered primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures, offering different levels of psychological interventions.