bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloning and expression analysis of mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase genes associated with the MVA pathway in Santalum album
Authors: Niu Meiyun , Xiong Yuping , Yan Haifeng , Zhang Xinhua , Li Yuan , da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira , Ma Guohua
Published: August 2021

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is highly valued for its fragrant heartwood and extracted oil. Santalols, which are the main components of that oil, are terpenoids, and these are biosynthesized via the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway. Mevalonate kinase (MK) and phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) are key enzymes in the MVA pathway. Little is known about the genes that encode MK and PMK in S. album or the mechanism that regulates their expression. To isolate and identify the functional genes involved in santalol biosynthesis in S. album, an MK gene designated as SaMK, and a PMK gene designated as SaPMK, were cloned from S. album. The sequences of these genes were analyzed. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted to assess the homology of SaMK and SaPMK with MK and PMK genes from other plants. The subcellular localization of SaMK and SaPMK proteins was also investigated, as was the functional complementation of SaMK and SaPMK in yeast. Our results show that the full-length cDNA sequences of SaMK and SaPMK were 1409 bp and 1679 bp long, respectively. SaMK contained a 1381 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 460 amino acids and SaPMK contained a 1527 bp ORF encoding a polypeptide of 508 amino acids. SaMK and SaPMK showed high homology with MK and PMK genes of other plant species. Functional complementation of SaMK in a MK-deficient mutant yeast strain YMR208W and SaPMK in a PMK-deficient mutant yeast strain YMR220W confirmed that cloned SaMK and SaPMK cDNA encode a functional MK and PMK, respectively, mediating MVA biosynthesis in yeast. An analysis of tissue expression patterns revealed that SaMK and SaPMK were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues. SaMK was highly expressed in young leaves but weakly expressed in sapwood. SaPMK was highly expressed in roots and mature leaves, but weakly expressed in young leaves. Induction experiments with several elicitors showed that SaMK and SaPMK expression was upregulated by methyl jasmonate. These results will help to further study the role of MK and PMK genes during santalol biosynthesis in S. album.
Author Correction: Using hyperspectral imagery to investigate large-scale seagrass cover and genus distribution in a temperate coast
Authors: Clarke Kenneth , Hennessy Andrew , McGrath Andrew , Daly Robert , Gaylard Sam , Turner Alison , Cameron James , Lewis Megan , Fernandes Milena B.
Published: August 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The structure–function correlation analysed by OCT and full field ERG in typical and pericentral subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Huang Ching-Wen , Yang Jung-Je , Yang Chang-Hao , Yang Chung-May , Hu Fung-Rong , Ho Tzyy-Chang , Chen Ta-Ching
Published: August 2021

To investigate the structure–function correlation analysed by full-field electroretinography (ffERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in typical and pericentral subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study of right eyes was conducted. The primary analysis used ffERG data to compare the RP subtypes. The subgroup analysis was used to correlate the structure, analysed by OCT, and function, determined by ffERG. Linear regressions explored the relationship between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multiple parameters. A total of 188 eyes were included. Amplitudes of responses of rod, rod-cone, cone, and 30 Hz flicker of typical type were lower than those of pericentral and other types. In the subgroup analysis, 41 and 21 eyes of the typical and pericentral types were studied, respectively. The correlation between the estimated preserved photoreceptor area and all ffERG amplitude parameters were significant in the typical type, but not in pericentral type. Old age, decreased intact ellipsoid zone length, typical type, and thin central retinal thickness were negatively correlated with BCVA. Typical type RP developed more extensive degeneration and poorer BCVA compared to others. Strong structure–function correlation was found in typical type while not in pericentral type. OCT may be a useful tool for monitoring RP status in typical type, providing useful parameters for the prediction of BCVA.
Adaptive optimization of the OXPHOS assembly line partially compensates lrpprc-dependent mitochondrial translation defects in mice
Authors: Cuillerier Alexanne , Ruiz Matthieu , Daneault Caroline , Forest Anik , Rossi Jenna , Vasam Goutham , Cairns George , Cadete Virgilio ,   The LSFC Consortium, Aliskashani Azadeh , Allen Bruce G. , Aubut Chantale , Bemeur Chantal , Beauchamp Claudine , Burelle Yan , Charron Guy , Coderre Lise , Des Rosiers Christine , Deschênes Sonia , Labarthe François , Landry Jeannine , Laprise Catherine , Lavallée Geneviève , Lavoie Pierre , Maranda Bruno , Morin Charles , Mukaneza Yvette , Nishimura Tamiko , Rioux John D. , Rivard Marie-Ève , Sasarman Florin , Shoubridge Eric A. , Tardif Jessica , Legault Julie Thompson , Tremblay Nancy , Tremblay-Vaillancourt Vanessa , Vachon Luc , Villeneuve Josée , Des Rosiers Christine , Burelle Yan
Published: August 2021

Mouse models of genetic mitochondrial disorders are generally used to understand specific molecular defects and their biochemical consequences, but rarely to map compensatory changes allowing survival. Here we took advantage of the extraordinary mitochondrial resilience of hepatic Lrpprc knockout mice to explore this question using native proteomics profiling and lipidomics. In these mice, low levels of the mtRNA binding protein LRPPRC induce a global mitochondrial translation defect and a severe reduction (>80%) in the assembly and activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV (CIV). Yet, animals show no signs of overt liver failure and capacity of the ETC is preserved. Beyond stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, results show that the abundance of mitoribosomes per unit of mitochondria is increased and proteostatic mechanisms are induced in presence of low LRPPRC levels to preserve a balance in the availability of mitochondrial- vs nuclear-encoded ETC subunits. At the level of individual organelles, a stabilization of residual CIV in supercomplexes (SCs) is observed, pointing to a role of these supramolecular arrangements in preserving ETC function. While the SC assembly factor COX7A2L could not contribute to the stabilization of CIV, important changes in membrane glycerophospholipid (GPL), most notably an increase in SC-stabilizing cardiolipins species (CLs), were observed along with an increased abundance of other supramolecular assemblies known to be stabilized by, and/or participate in CL metabolism. Together these data reveal a complex in vivo network of molecular adjustments involved in preserving mitochondrial integrity in energy consuming organs facing OXPHOS defects, which could be therapeutically exploited.
14-3-3 proteins inactivate DAPK2 by promoting its dimerization and protecting key regulatory phosphosites
Authors: Horvath Matej , Petrvalska Olivia , Herman Petr , Obsilova Veronika , Obsil Tomas
Published: August 2021

Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) is a CaM-regulated Ser/Thr protein kinase, involved in apoptosis, autophagy, granulocyte differentiation and motility regulation, whose activity is controlled by autoinhibition, autophosphorylation, dimerization and interaction with scaffolding proteins 14-3-3. However, the structural basis of 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 regulation remains unclear. Here, we structurally and biochemically characterize the full-length human DAPK2:14-3-3 complex by combining several biophysical techniques. The results from our X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that Thr369 phosphorylation at the DAPK2 C terminus creates a high-affinity canonical mode III 14-3-3-binding motif, further enhanced by the diterpene glycoside Fusicoccin A. Moreover, concentration-dependent DAPK2 dimerization is disrupted by Ca2+/CaM binding and stabilized by 14-3-3 binding in solution, thereby protecting the DAPK2 inhibitory autophosphorylation site Ser318 against dephosphorylation and preventing Ca2+/CaM binding. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 inhibition and highlight the potential of the DAPK2:14-3-3 complex as a target for anti‐inflammatory therapies.
Auto-inhibitory intramolecular S5/S6 interaction in the TRPV6 channel regulates breast cancer cell migration and invasion
Authors: Cai Ruiqi , Wang Lingyun , Liu Xiong , Michalak Marek , Tang Jingfeng , Peng Ji-Bin , Chen Xing-Zhen
Published: August 2021

TRPV6, a Ca-selective channel, is abundantly expressed in the placenta, intestine, kidney and bone marrow. TRPV6 is vital to Ca homeostasis and its defective expression or function is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism, Lowe syndrome/Dent disease, renal stone, osteoporosis and cancers. The fact that the molecular mechanism underlying the function and regulation of TRPV6 is still not well understood hampers, in particular, the understanding of how TRPV6 contributes to breast cancer development. By electrophysiology and Ca imaging in Xenopus oocytes and cancer cells, molecular biology and numerical simulation, here we reveal an intramolecular S5/S6 helix interaction in TRPV6 that is functionally autoinhibitory and is mediated by the R532:D620 bonding. Predicted pathogenic mutation R532Q within S5 disrupts the S5/S6 interaction leading to gain-of-function of the channel, which promotes breast cancer cell progression through strengthening of the TRPV6/PI3K interaction, activation of a PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β cascade, and up-regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anti-apoptosis.
Preconditioning, aerosols, and radiation control the temperature of glaciation in Amazonian clouds
Authors: Correia Alexandre L. , Sena Elisa T. , Silva Dias Maria A. F. , Koren Ilan
Published: August 2021

Glaciation in clouds is a fundamental phenomenon in determining Earth’s radiation fluxes, sensible and latent heat budgets in the atmosphere, the water cycle, cloud development and lifetime. Nevertheless, the main mechanisms that govern the temperature of glaciation in clouds have not been fully identified. Here we present an analysis of 15 years (2000-2014) of satellite, sunphotometer, and reanalysis datasets over the Amazon. We find that the temperature of glaciation in convective clouds is controlled by preconditioning dynamics, natural and anthropic aerosols, and radiation. In a moist atmospheric column, prone to deep convection, increasing the amount of aerosols leads to a delay in the onset of glaciation, reducing the glaciation temperature. For a dry column, radiative extinction by biomass burning smoke leads to atmospheric stabilization and an increase in the glaciation temperature. Our results offer observational benchmarks that can help a more precise description of glaciation in convective cloud models.
Tactics to Improve Solubility
Authors: Young Robert J.
Published: August 2021

To reach the site of therapeutic action a drug molecule must possess adequate aqueous solubility to deliver an efficacious dose. This chapter gives an overview of aqueous solubility measures and models pertinent to drug discovery, whilst putting these solubility levels into context. Solubility is inexorably linked to other physicochemical properties of molecules and understanding of how these interrelate leads to an understanding of how solubility can be improved, establishing principles to enable this. Various tactics to implement these principles are exemplified.
Targeting Gastrointestinal Uptake Transporters
Authors: Stahl Simone H. , Fenner Katherine S. , Finlay M. Raymond V. , Alluri Ravindra V. , Williamson Beth , Johansson Johan X. , Kettle Jason
Published: August 2021

Membrane transporters are important determinants of cellular and tissue distribution of charged molecules. In the intestine, uptake transporters expressed at the apical membrane of enterocytes contribute to the dietary absorption of endogenous molecules, such as peptides, vitamins or bile acids. Transporters accommodate molecules with a wide range of chemical properties and can be actively targeted to improve oral exposure of therapeutic molecules. This chapter summarises current knowledge of relevant intestinal uptake transporters, describes their characteristics and illustrates approaches taken to target drugs to these transporters.
Drug Efflux Transporters: P-gp and BCRP
Authors: Bungay Peter , Bagal Sharan
Published: August 2021

The efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) play important roles in protecting tissues from potentially harmful xenobiotic substances, mainly by virtue of their location in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood–brain barrier. As such they can limit both the absorption of orally administered drugs and their distribution to the central nervous system. Structural flexibility in the substrate binding sites of P-gp and BCRP enables them to transport a wide variety of compounds out of cells. Results of retrospective analyses indicate that a combination of physicochemical properties is important in determining rates of efflux of compounds. Medicinal chemistry design strategies for orally administered drugs may aim to minimize efflux [central nervous system (CNS) drugs] or to maximize it whilst maintaining adequate oral bioavailability (non-CNS drugs). Ranges of physicochemical parameters that are most likely to serve project objectives by mitigating or exploiting efflux are described, together with examples of design tactics successfully employed in drug discovery programmes which have targeted physicochemical parameters individually or in combination.
Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP) Inhibition
Authors: Treiber Alexander , Bolli Martin H.
Published: August 2021

The bile salt export pump (BSEP in humans, Bsep in animals) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transport proteins. BSEP is selectively located in the apical (canalicular) domain of hepatocytes and catalyzes the rate-limiting step in bile salt secretion from hepatocytes into the bile duct. Reduction of BSEP activity by chemical inhibition leads to disturbances in bile acid trafficking, hepatocellular accumulation of bile acids (intrahepatic cholestasis), and eventually to drug-induced liver injury (DILI). A compound's potential to inhibit BSEP can be assessed by means of dedicated in vitro assays using primary or transfected cells, or cell fragments containing the transport protein. Alternatively, bile salt transport inhibition can also be assessed by measuring plasma bile salt levels in vivo. This latter, more holistic approach may represent an attractive alternative as it allows for a more physiological assessment beyond the mere inhibition of the isolated BSEP transporter. The structural diversity of compounds showing significant BSEP inhibition is rather large. Unfortunately, specific structural features responsible for BSEP inhibition have not been identified so far. Results of computational structure–activity relationship (SAR) analyses indicate that increasing molecular weight and lipophilicity favour BSEP inhibition.
Drug-induced Photosensitivity
Authors: Fournier Jean-François
Published: August 2021

Some otherwise benign drugs give rise to toxicity only after tissue exposure to sunlight. This phenomenon, known as drug-induced photosensitivity (DIPS), occurs after topical or systemic drug administration and can lead to severe adverse effects. This chapter first briefly presents the mechanisms, screening strategies and promoting factors involved in DIPS and then discusses five mitigation strategies that have been successfully employed to remove this liability: (1) decrease the intrinsic property forecast index [iPFI, defined as the sum of chromatographic partition coefficient (ChromLogP) and number of aromatic rings], (2) break π-electron conjugation, (3) remove an aryl halogen atom, (4) introduce an intramolecular scavenger and (5) change a positional isomer. These strategies are further illustrated with many published and previously unpublished examples.
Exploring the electrochemical performance of copper-doped cobalt–manganese phosphates for potential supercapattery applications
Authors: Alzaid Meshal , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Siddique Saman , Hadia N. M. A.
Published: August 2021

The optimized copper-doped cobalt–manganese phosphate was utilized as a positive electrode in an asymmetric architecture (supercapattery device), which yields enhanced specific energy and power.
Rational design and fabrication of a novel acid-resistant UZM-5 zeolite membrane for pervaporation dehydration processes
Authors: Yao Rui , Peng Yuan , Song Hongling , Zhu Chenyu , Wang Pengyuan , Kun Lun , Yang Weishen
Published: August 2021

A novel polycrystalline UZM-5 zeolite membrane is developed for the first time. The molecular sieve membrane with UFI topology and moderate Si/Al ratio demonstrates remarkable pervaporation performances for ethanol and acetic acid dehydrations.
Controlled synthesis of luminescent CIZS/ZnS/ZnS core/shell/shell nanoheterostructures
Authors: Bai Xue , Purcell-Milton Finn , Gun'ko Yurii K.
Published: August 2021

We report a systematic investigation of the influence of reaction temperatures and times on the morphologies and optical properties of resulting CIZS/ZnS/ZnS quantum nanoheterostructures with “giant” ZnS shell (size >10 nm).
Multicomponent crystals of an artemisinin derivative and cinchona alkaloids for use as antimalarial drugs
Authors: Jiang Qi , Hirsh David A. , Tu Yifan , Luo Laibin
Published: August 2021

Multicomponent crystals of an artemisinin derivative and cinchona alkaloids were produced, combining two major types of antimalaria drugs with unique hydrogen bond interactions. These salts demonstrate a new category of antimalarial pharmaceuticals.
Insights from QM/MM-ONIOM calculations: the TADF phenomenon of phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole-anthraquinone in the solid state
Authors: Li Huixue , Wang Xiaofeng , Yuan Kun , Lv Lingling , Li Zhifeng
Published: August 2021

The QM/MM technique is employed to study the TADF phenomenon of a near-infrared molecule (PIPAQ) in aggregation state, the calculated results can prove the steric hindrance effect from the surrounding molecules.
Thickness-dependent ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics and coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in mechanically exfoliated PdSe2 flakes
Authors: Huo Chang-Fu , Wen Rui , Yan Xiao-Qing , Li De-Kang , Huang Kai-Xuan , Zhu Yizhi , Cui Qiannan , Xu Chunxiang , Liu Zhi-Bo , Tian Jian-Guo
Published: August 2021

We investigate the photoexcited–carrier dynamics and coherent acoustic phonon oscillations in mechanically exfoliated PdSe2 flakes with a thickness ranging from 10.6 nm to 54 nm using time-resolved transient reflection spectroscopy.
Propane to olefins tandem catalysis: a selective route towards light olefins production
Authors: Monai Matteo , Gambino Marianna , Wannakao Sippakorn , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: August 2021

Combining propane dehydrogenation with propylene metathesis in a single step yields mixtures of propylene, ethylene and butenes, important building blocks for the chemical industry. The open challenges and opportunities in the field are highlighted.
Photolysis of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac: elucidation of kinetic behaviour and photodegradation pathways in water
Authors: Ledezma-Espinoza Aura , Challis Jonathan K. , Roa-Gutierrez Floria , Sánchez-Kopper Andrés , Castellón Erick , Wong Charles S.
Published: August 2021

Photochemical transformation of sulindac exhibits a consecutive reaction pathway.
Best papers from 2020 published in the Environmental Science journals of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Authors: Novak Paige J. , McNeill Kristopher , Vikesland Peter J.
Published: August 2021

The Editors-in-Chief of the Environmental Science journals introduce the best papers of 2020.
The protective mechanism of a debranched corn starch/konjac glucomannan composite against dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet induced type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Yanli , Ning Yuejia , Yuan Chao , Cui Bo , Liu Guimei , Zhang Zheng
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to explore the protection mechanism of a debranched corn starch/konjac glucomannan (DCSK) composite against type 2 diabetes (T2D) related to dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD).
Concomitant use of tea catechins affects absorption and serum triglyceride-lowering effects of monoglucosyl hesperidin
Authors: Katada Shun , Oishi Sachiko , Yanagawa Kiyotaka , Ishii Shunsuke , Oki Mamoru , Matsui Yuji , Osaki Noriko , Takano Kazuhiko , Hibi Masanobu
Published: August 2021

Combined ingestion of monoglucosyl hesperidin and green tea catechin influenced the pharmacokinetic parameters of monoglucosyl hesperidin (Study 1), and this effect could contribute to improve fasting triglyceride levels (Study 2).
Bio-based synthesis of cyclopentane-1,3-diamine and its application in bifunctional monomers for poly-condensation
Authors: van Slagmaat Christian A. M. R. , Noordijk Jurrie , Monsegue Luciano G. , Mogensen Siri , Hadavi Darya , Han Peiliang , Quaedflieg Peter J. L. M. , Verzijl Gerard K. M. , Alsters Paul L. , De Wildeman Stefaan M. A.
Published: August 2021

Synthesis of cyclopentane-1,3-diamine from hemi-cellulosic origin is established for the first time, with useful chemical insights and potential applications demonstrated.
A 3D-cascade-microlens optofluidic chip for refractometry with adjustable sensitivity
Authors: Tang Jiukai , Qiu Guangyu , Zhang Xiaole , Wang Jing
Published: August 2021

The 3D-cascade-microlens optofluidic chip (3DCMOC) functions as a simple-to-fabricate and sensitivity-adjustable refractometer.
Design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity ofN-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituted pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Saleh Ibrahim , Raj KC Hansa , Roy Subrata , Abugazleh Mohd Kotaiba , Ali Hashim , Gilmore David , Alam Mohammad A.
Published: August 2021

Design and synthesis ofN-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituted pyrazole derivatives and their potency as antimicrobial agents are described.
Design and synthesis of new 4-(2-nitrophenoxy)benzamide derivatives as potential antiviral agents: molecular modeling and in vitro antiviral screening
Authors: Abdallah Abdallah E. , Alesawy Mohamed S. , Eissa Sally I. , El-Fakharany Esmail M. , Kalaba Mohamed H. , Sharaf Mohamed H. , Abo Shama Noura M. , Mahmoud Sara H. , Mostafa Ahmed , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Elkady Hazem
Published: August 2021

Novel benzamide derivatives as anti adenovirus, HSV-1, coxsackievirus, and SARS-CoV-2: in vitro and in silico study.
Stable and biocompatible slippery lubricant-infused anode-oxidated titanium nanotube surfaces via a grafted polydimethylsiloxane brush
Authors: Chen Xiangsheng , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2021

This work aims at optimizing the structure and enhancing the interaction force between the substrate and the lubricant to prepare a slippery lubricant-infused TiO2 NT surface that maintains stable omniphobic performance in extreme environments.
Fluorescent chemosensors for Hg2+ ions based on a pyridine-attached phenanthridine probe
Authors: Seenan Shanthi , Manickam Saravanakumar , Kulathu Iyer Sathiyanarayanan
Published: August 2021

The sensor probe detects selectively Hg2+ ions in semi-aqueous medium. Probe showed ratiometric response with low detection limit. We observed that 1 : 1 binding mode between probe and Hg2+ ions. Additionally, this probe was utilized for various practical applications.
Emerging carbon shell-encapsulated metal nanocatalysts for fuel cells and water electrolysis
Authors: Jang Jue-Hyuk , Jeffery A. Anto , Min Jiho , Jung Namgee , Yoo Sung Jong
Published: August 2021

Carbon shell encapsulated metal nanoparticles (M@C) are key materials for fuel cell and water electrolysis applications. This review highlights the current challenges and future prospects of M@C electrocatalysts.
The nonlinear optical transition bleaching in tellurene
Authors: Wang Yiduo , Wang Yingwei , Dong Yulan , Zhou Li , Wei Hao , Long Mengqiu , Xiao Si , He Jun
Published: August 2021

The ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of tellurene have been studied. The effects of varying the photon energy of the probe pulse were explored. These results offer insights into the intrinsic photophysics of tellurene.
Self-referencing biosensors using Fano resonance in periodic aluminium nanostructures
Authors: Lo Shu-Cheng , Yeh Chun-Wei , Wang Sheng-Hann , Kuo Chia-Wen , Lee Kuang-Li , Chern Ruey-Lin , Wei Pei-Kuen
Published: August 2021

Self-referenced SPR biosensors optimized by FDTD simulation and proved by the combination of the self-referencing signals from Fano resonances of aluminum-coated nanoslit arrays which were applied in a real time multi-spectral imaging system.
Point defect detection and strain mapping in Si single crystal by two-dimensional multiplication moiré method
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Ri Shien , Xia Peng , Ye Jiaxing , Toyama Nobuyuki
Published: August 2021

A two-dimensional multiplication moiré method was developed to detect point and line defects of crystals in a wide field of view.
Advances in photothermal nanomaterials for biomedical, environmental and energy applications
Authors: Tee Si Yin , Ye Enyi , Teng Choon Peng , Tanaka Yuki , Tang Karen Yuanting , Win Khin Yin , Han Ming-Yong
Published: August 2021

Highlights of various emerging inorganic photothermal nanomaterials and their up-to-date applications in photothermal therapy, photothermal sterilization, solar-driven steam generation and photothermal catalysis.
Porphyrins as building blocks for single-molecule devices
Authors: Zwick Patrick , Dulić Diana , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Mayor Marcel
Published: August 2021

Porphyrins have unique properties in electronic circuits. This review summarizes single molecule junction experiments and encourages the development of next generation molecular devices based on such building blocks.
Sensing of ultraviolet light: a transition from conventional to self-powered photodetector
Authors: Al Fattah Md Fahim , Khan Asif Abdullah , Anabestani Hossein , Rana Md Masud , Rassel Shazzad , Therrien Joel , Ban Dayan
Published: August 2021

Classification of device structures and applications of self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors.
Electrochemically synthesized SnO2 with tunable oxygen vacancies for efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: He Xiaojia , Guo Haoran , Liao Tianhao , Pu Yi , Lai Long , Wang Zihao , Tang Hui
Published: August 2021

Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia through the nitrogen reduction reaction is effectively catalyzed by SnO2 with rich oxygen vacancies, achieving excellent performance of nitrogen fixation.
Forgotten and forbidden chemical reactions revitalised through continuous flow technology
Authors: Bonner Arlene , Loftus Aisling , Padgham Alex C. , Baumann Marcus
Published: August 2021

This short review highlights compelling case studies from the last five years showcasing how modern flow technology has impacted and advanced synthetic chemistry in academia and industry.
An expedient, mild and aqueous method for Suzuki–Miyaura diversification of (hetero)aryl halides or (poly)chlorinated pharmaceuticals
Authors: Sharma Sunil V. , Pubill-Ulldemolins Cristina , Marelli Enrico , Goss Rebecca J. M.
Published: August 2021

Simple, aqueous and direct cross-coupling of diverse and complex (hetero)aromatic halides and active pharmaceutical agents.
Post synthetically modified IRMOF-3 for efficient recovery and selective sensing of U(vi) from aqueous medium
Authors: Venkata Sravani V. , Tripathi Sarita , Sreenivasulu B. , Kumar Satendra , Maji S. , Brahmmananda Rao C. V. S. , Suresh A. , Sivaraman N.
Published: August 2021

Four IRMOFs following PSM strategy were prepared. The MOFs were characterized by different techniques and were investigated for U(vi) sorption. PSM MOFs displayed impressive fluorescent sensing and selectivity of U(vi) over competing metal ions.
Sustainable triazine-derived quaternary ammonium salts as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Morandini Andrea , Spadati Emanuele , Leonetti Benedetta , Sole Roberto , Gatto Vanessa , Rizzolio Flavio , Beghetto Valentina
Published: August 2021

The first examples of highly efficient antimicrobial triazine-derived bis imidazolium quaternary ammonium salts (TQAS) are reported.
Synchronizing chemistry, quantum mechanics and radioactivity in a revolutionary renewed atom model. Part 1: the elements whereZis 1–10 (H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne)
Authors: Visser Gerard W. M. , Windhorst Albert D.
Published: August 2021

A renewed atom model is described that provides improved answers to unsolved phenomena like inversion, chirality, hydrogen bonds, the hybridization principle and covalent bonds by giving neutrons a much more prominent role.
Promising activated carbon derived from sugarcane tip as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Bo , Wei Tiantian , Xie Caifeng , Li Kai , Hang Fangxue
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to produce activated-carbon materials from sugarcane tips (ST) via two-step pre-carbonization and evaluate the electrochemical performance.
A new G-triplex-based strategy for sensitivity enhancement of the detection of endonuclease activity and inhibition
Authors: Gao Congcong , Che Baoquan , Dai Hong
Published: August 2021

A new G-triplex-based probe was developed for detecting EcoRI activity and inhibition. The probe showed good selectivity towards EcoRI. The assay was colorimetric and can be monitored by the naked eye.
Sub-nanograin metal based high efficiency multilayer reflective optics for high energies
Authors: Majhi Arindam , Nayak Maheswar , Pradhan Paresh Chandra , Jena Suvendu , Gome Anil , Singh Manvendra Narayan , Srivastava Himanshu , Reddy Varimalla Raghvendra , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Sinha Anil Kumar , Udupa Dinesh Venkatesh , Pietsch Ullrich
Published: August 2021

The present finding illuminates the physics of the formation of interfaces of metal based hetero-structures near layer continuous limit as an approach to develop high-efficiency W/B4C multilayer optics with varying periods at a fixed large layer pairs.
Freestanding symmetrical SiN/Si/SiN composite coated on carbon nanotube paper for a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode based on synergistic effects
Authors: He Xinyi , Yue Fan , Shang Zhenzhen , Wang Jian , Gu Wenhua , Huang Xiaodong
Published: August 2021

This SiN/Si/SiN@CNT anode shows high reversible specific capacity without sacrificing cycling stability due to the synergistic effects.
TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under neat and microwave irradiation conditions
Authors: Asressu Kesatebrhan Haile , Chan Chieh-Kai , Wang Cheng-Chung
Published: August 2021

Trisubstituted imidazoles are synthesized efficiently from the readily available 1,2-diketones and aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane as a new and stable nitrogen source under TMSOTf-catalysis system, microwave heating and solvent-free conditions.
A novel chemical biology and computational approach to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Jiang Xukai , Patil Nitin A. , Azad Mohammad A. K. , Wickremasinghe Hasini , Yu Heidi , Zhao Jinxin , Zhang Xinru , Li Mengyao , Gong Bin , Wan Lin , Ma Wendong , Thompson Philip E. , Yang Kai , Yuan Bing , Schreiber Falk , Wang Lushan , Velkov Tony , Roberts Kade D. , Li Jian
Published: August 2021

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have been an urgent threat to global public health. Novel antibiotics are desperately needed to combat these 'superbugs'.
Rose-like, ruthenium-modified cobalt nitride nanoflowers grown in situ on an MXene matrix for efficient and stable water electrolysis
Authors: Yan Liang , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2021

Exploring bifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency, low cost, and durability is of great importance for water electrolysis but still remains a great challenge and needs to be thoroughly studied.
An ultrasensitive chemiluminescent biosensor for tracing glutathione in human serum using BSA@AuNCs as a peroxidase-mimetic nanozyme on a luminol/artesunate system
Authors: Halawa Mohamed Ibrahim , Xia Qing , Li Bing Shi
Published: August 2021

A chemiluminescent nanoprobe for sensing glutathione was developed, for the first time, based on its inhibition of intrinsic peroxidase-mimetic of BSA@AuNCs. BSA@AuNCs was employed to generate intense chemiluminescence from luminol/artesunate system.
Topochemical synthesis of perovskite-type CuNb2O6 with colossal dielectric constant
Authors: Fukuda Masayuki , Yamada Ikuya , Hojo Hajime , Takahashi Chihiro , Yoshida Yuya , Tanaka Katsuhisa , Azuma Masaki , Fujita Koji
Published: August 2021

The topochemical route, crystal structure and physical properties of a quadruple perovskite-type oxide CuNb2O6, have been examined. CuNb2O6 is found to adopt a cubic I23 structure and exhibit a colossal dielectric constant up to the order of 104.
The solution-processed fabrication of perovskite light-emitting diodes for low-cost and commercial applications
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Wei Bin , Wang Lin , Yang Xuyong
Published: August 2021

The solution-processed fabrication of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is highly topical. Here, we summarize the recent advances, discuss the challenges and propose the outlooks for their further development.
Electron inventory of the iron-sulfur scaffold complex HypCD essential in [NiFe]-hydrogenase cofactor assembly
Authors: Stripp Sven T. , Oltmanns Jonathan , Müller Christina S. , Ehrenberg David , Schlesinger Ramona , Heberle Joachim , Adrian Lorenz , Schünemann Volker , Pierik Antonio J. , Soboh Basem
Published: August 2021

The [4Fe-4S] cluster containing scaffold complex HypCD is the central construction site for the assembly of the [Fe](CN)2CO cofactor precursor of [NiFe]-hydrogenase. While the importance of the HypCD complex is well established, not much is known about the mechanism by which the CN− and CO ligands are transferred and attached to the iron ion. We report an efficient expression and purification system producing the HypCD complex from E. coli with complete metal content. This enabled in-depth spectroscopic characterizations. The results obtained by EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy demonstrate that the [Fe](CN)2CO cofactor and the [4Fe-4S] cluster of the HypCD complex are redox active. The data indicate a potential-dependent interconversion of the [Fe]2+/3+ and [4Fe-4S]2+/+ couple, respectively. Moreover, ATR FTIR spectroscopy reveals potential-dependent disulfide formation, which hints at an electron confurcation step between the metal centers. MicroScale thermophoresis indicates preferable binding between the HypCD complex and its in vivo interaction partner HypE under reducing conditions. Together, these results provide comprehensive evidence for an electron inventory fit to drive multi-electron redox reactions required for the assembly of the CN− and CO ligands on the scaffold complex HypCD.
Is There a Research–Practice Dosage Gap in Aphasia Rehabilitation?
Authors: Cavanaugh Robert , Kravetz Christina , Jarold Lillian , Quique Yina , Turner Rose , Evans William S.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Aphasia intervention research aims to improve communication and quality of life outcomes for people with aphasia. However, few studies have evaluated the translation and implementation of evidence-based aphasia interventions to clinical practice. Treatment dosage may be difficult to translate to clinical settings, and a mismatch between dosage in research and clinical practice threatens to attenuate intervention effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to quantify a potential research–practice dosage gap in outpatient aphasia rehabilitation.

Method

This study utilized a two-part approach. First, we estimated clinical treatment dosage in an episode of care (i.e., treatment provided from outpatient assessment to discharge) via utilization in a regional provider in the United States. Second, we undertook a scoping review of aphasia interventions published from 2009 to 2019 to estimate the typical dosage used in the current aphasia literature.

Results

Outpatient clinical episodes of care included a median of 10 treatment sessions and a mean of 14.8 sessions (interquartile range: 5–20 sessions). Sessions occurred 1–2 times a week over 4–14 weeks. The median total hours of treatment was 7.5 hr (interquartile range: 3.75–15 hr). In contrast, published interventions administered a greater treatment dosage, consisting of a median of 20 hr of treatment (interquartile range: 12–30 hr) over the course of 15 sessions (interquartile range: 10–24 sessions) approximately 3 times per week.

Conclusions

Results demonstrate a meaningful research–practice dosage gap, particularly in total treatment hours and weekly treatment intensity. This gap highlights the potential for attenuation of effectiveness from research to outpatient settings. Future translational research should consider clinical dosage constraints and take steps to facilitate intervention implementation, particularly with regard to dosage. Conversely, health care advocacy and continued development of alternative delivery methods are necessary for the successful implementation of treatments with dosage that is incompatible with current clinical contexts. Pragmatic, implementation-focused trials are recommended to evaluate and optimize treatment effectiveness in outpatient clinical settings.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15161568
A Capacitive Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Sensing System to Discriminate Fold-Over Pattern
Authors: Hou Lei , Du Xinli , Boulgouris Nikolaos V. , Hafeez Nauman , Coulson Chris , Irving Richard , Begg Philip , Brett Peter
Published: August 2021

Purpose

During insertion of the cochlear implant electrode array, the tip of the array may fold back on itself and can cause serious complications to patients. This article presents a sensing system for cochlear implantation in a cochlear model. The electrode array fold-over behaviors can be detected by analyzing capacitive information from the array tip.

Method

Depending on the angle of the array tip against the cochlear inner wall when it enters the cochlear model, different insertion patterns of the electrode array could occur, including smooth insertion, buckling, and fold-over. The insertion force simulating the haptic feedback for surgeons and bipolar capacitance signals during the insertion progress were collected and compared. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was applied to the collected capacitive signals to discriminate the fold-over pattern.

Results

Forty-six electrode array insertions were conducted and the deviation of the measured insertion force varies between a range of 20% and 30%. The capacitance values from electrode pair (1, 2) were recorded for analyzing. A threshold for the PCC is set to be 0.94 that can successfully discriminate the fold over insertions from the other two types of insertions, with a success rate of 97.83%.

Conclusions

Capacitive measurement is an effective method for the detection of faulty insertions and the maximization of the outcome of cochlear implantation. The proposed capacitive sensing system can be used in other tissue implants in vessels, spinal cord, or heart.
El Niño modifies nutrient status in oil palm and helps foliage to recover from yellowing symptoms: new analysis and perspectives
Authors: Dubos Bernard , de Raïssac Marcel
Published: August 2021

In Ecuador, oil palm plantations from the Quinindé-Quevedo region are subject to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with a preponderance of La Niña weather conditions. With more than 2,000 mm, the total annual rainfall is theoretically non-limiting but, with only 1,000 h, the total annual sunshine is well below the 1,800 h minimum recommended. Starting in the 1970s, the frequent occurrence of frond yellowing symptoms in the region became a recurrent worry for growers, convinced that they were facing the expression of a mineral deficiency. In this study, we used experimental results to examine the actual role of mineral nutrition in yellowing manifestation. We described the effects of two El Niño events (1982/1983 and 1997/1998) on climate variables and analysed their putative consequences on palm physiological functioning that could explain the observed foliage recovery. Our analysis led us to conclude that a direct mineral deficiency was not involved, as the soil reserves for the main nutrients were not to blame. We rejected the most frequently proposed hypothesis, whereby yellowing is caused by magnesium deficiency. Our study revealed the key role played by nitrogen, the best indicator of yellowing. Variations in N status appear to be linked to the same factors that determine the symptoms and we opted for the hypothesis of physiological disruption generated by low solar radiation levels under normal conditions. The study also reveals the need to consider specific optimum contents for N and Mg and to adjust fertilizer recommendations to local climate conditions.
Kapazitäre Defizite in der Transportversorgung neonatologischer und pädiatrischer Intensivpatienten – eine regionale Umfrage im Weser-Ems-Gebiet
Authors: Lange Matthias , Schuhmacher Sarah , Figura Yannick , Heep Axel , Guenther Ulf , Mitzlaff Bernd
Published: August 2021

Einleitung Die Versorgung von kritisch kranken Neugeborenen und Kindern stößt seit Langem an ihre kapazitären Grenzen. Eine flächendeckende Versorgung – insbesondere im ländlichen
Raum – ist nicht durchgehend gewährleistet.

Methodik In einer Onlineumfrage hat die Kinderklinik der Universität Oldenburg kooperierende Geburts- und Kinderkliniken kontaktiert, um die Versorgung pädiatrischer Patienten in
Notfallsituationen und während eines Transportes näher zu analysieren. Gefragt wurde nach der Zufriedenheit der kooperierenden Kliniken mit dem regional zuständigen, maximalversorgenden
Zentrum sowie nach Verbesserungswünschen in der Zusammenarbeit.

Ergebnis Alle 15 angeschriebenen Kliniken haben geantwortet, ein Fragebogen war nicht vollständig beantwortet. Es stellt sich heraus, dass ein relevanter Bedarf bezüglich des
Schulungsangebots wie auch der Wunsch nach einer Verbesserung der Versorgung, z. B. mittels Telemedizin in Akutsituationen, bestehen. Weiter zeigt sich der Wunsch, dass der Transport dieser
speziellen Patientenklientel idealerweise durch spezielle pädiatrisch/neonatologische Teams durchgeführt werden sollte.

Schlussfolgerung Zur Verbesserung der Versorgung kritisch kranker Neugeborener und Kinder sollte eine regelmäßige Schulung des betreuenden Personals im Umgang mit kritischen,
lebensbedrohlichen Situationen verpflichtend sein. Außerdem gilt es, überregionale Zentren, die in der überwiegenden Anzahl der Fälle den Transport auf neonatologische oder pädiatrische
Intensivstationen durchführen, zu stärken und deren personelle und materielle Ausstattung zu optimieren.
Kinderphysiotherapie (und Osteopathie) – mehr als nur „Turnen“
Authors: Gün Yunus
Published: August 2021

Für Konzepte nach Bobath oder Vojta ist neben der „Quantität“ von Entwicklungsschritten und Bewegungsmustern auch die „Quantität“ dieser Muster von enormer Bedeutung. Hierzu kann die Kenntnis über den physiologischen Ablauf der sensomotorischen Entwicklung von Hilfe sein. Auch wenn die Meinungen bezüglich der osteopathischen Behandlung (von Kindern) durchaus sehr kontrovers sind, kann die Hinzunahme eines fachlich versierten und gut ausgebildeten Osteopathen eine enorme Bereicherung für die (Entwicklung der) Kinder und Entlastung der täglichen Arbeit von Kinderärzten und anderen Professionen sein.
Basiert die Klassifikation der JIA künftig auf biologischen Charakteristika?
Authors: Meyer-Bahlburg Almut
Published: August 2021

Die Klassifikation der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA) steht derzeit im Fokus vieler Diskussionen. In dem Übersichtsartikel stellt ein internationales Autor*innenteam aus den USA, Großbritannien, Kanada und Italien unter der Seniorautorenschaft von Alberto Martini die derzeit verwendete ILAR-Klassifikation einer möglichen zukünftigen Klassifikation basierend auf biologischen Charakteristika gegenüber.
BMC-Strategiepapier - Wie lässt sich ein attraktives Gesundheitssystem gestalten?
Authors:   Nach Angaben BMC e. V.
Published: August 2021

Der Bundesverband Managed Care (BMC) hat ein Strategiepapier veröffentlicht, das zu mehr Ökonomie im Gesundheitswesen aufruft. Sinnvoll ausgerichtete Ökonomie könne Anreize setzen, um die Versorgung zu verbessern.
Bundestagswahl 2021 - Bvitg-Positionspapier benennt Digitalisierungs-Baustellen
Authors:   Nach Angaben Bvitg
Published: August 2021

Der Bundesverband Gesundheits-IT (Bvitg) hat in einem Positionspapier anlässlich der Bundestagswahl die wichtigsten Punkte für eine erfolgreiche Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen aufgelistet und zusammengefasst.
Entlassmanagement - Kooperation zwischen m.doc und Pflegeplatzmanager
Authors:   Nach Angaben von m.Doc
Published: August 2021

Seit Mai 2021 sind die Dienste des Start-Ups Pflegeplatzmanager in das Angebot von m.Doc integriert. Die neue Kooperation ermöglicht unter anderem das Einsehen von freien Pflegekapazitäten in Echtzeit.
AKG Gruppe - Sind kommunale Maximalversorger die Verlierer der Pandemie?
Authors:   Nach Angaben AKG
Published: August 2021

Die Allianz Kommunaler Großkrankenhäuser (AKG-Kliniken) sieht die kommunalen Maximalversorger als wirtschaftliche Verlierer der Corona-Pandemie und fordert ein Umdenken in der Krankenhausfinanzierung.
Reformbedarf - Corona-Pandemie verschärft den Reformdruck für die Krankenhausversorgung
Authors:   Nach Angaben des GKV-Spitzenverbandes
Published: August 2021

Während die Krankenhäuser im Pandemiejahr 2020 mit 13 % weniger Fällen so wenige Menschen behandelt haben wie seit Jahren nicht mehr, haben sie ihre Erlöse um 15 % gesteigert. Während der Eindruck entstand, dass die Kliniken wegen der Corona-Pandemie flächendeckend an ihrem Limit arbeiteten, waren im Jahresdurchschnitt nur 2 % der Krankenhausfälle Corona-Kranke. Trotzdem haben Krankenhausvertretende in Berlin versucht, die Mindestvorgaben für Pflegepersonal zu verhindern und damit die Versorgungsqualität zu verschlechtern. All das passt nicht zusammen.
Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen - Bundestag beschließt Gesetz zur digitalen Modernisierung von Versorgung und Pflege (DVPMG)
Authors:   Nach Angaben des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit
Published: August 2021

Digitale Helfer für die Pflege, mehr Telemedizin und eine moderne Vernetzung im Gesundheitswesen – das sind Ziele des Gesetzes zur digitalen Modernisierung von Versorgung und Pflege (DVPMG). Der Deutsche Bundestag hat das Gesetz am 06.05.2021 beschlossen.
Resveratrol: A Vital Therapeutic Agent with Multiple Health
Benefits
Authors: Kaur Arshpreet , Tiwari Ruchi , Tiwari Gaurav , Ramachandran Vadivelan
Published: August 2021

Resveratrol (RSV), the most effective stilbene phytoalexin synthesized naturally
or induced in plants as part of their defense mechanism, is a key component
of natural phenolic compounds and is being considered as a treatment
option for a variety of diseases. RSV was discovered in the skin of red grapes,
mulberries, peanuts, pines, and Polygonum cuspidatum weed root extracts.
It was first extracted from white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum O.
Loes) roots in 1940, then from Polygonum cuspidatum roots in
1963. However, RSV’s use as a drug is limited due to its initial
conformational strength and poor stability. The research focused on a set of RSV
biological activity data. RSV has been the subject of growing concern, despite
its wide range of biological and therapeutic applications. According to the
literature, RSV has antioxidant, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective,
anti- inflammatory, anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, and radioprotective
properties. The current analysis summarized biological applications of RSV,
their mechanisms of action, and recent scientific development in the
area of their delivery. It is possible to infer that RSV has many effects on
infected cells’ cellular functions.