bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Did Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Physical Activity Change during the COVID-19 Restrictions in Germany in Spring 2020?
Authors: Klosterhalfen Stephanie , Kotz Daniel , Kastaun Sabrina
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Aims: Nationwide restrictions were implemented in Germany in March 2020 to reduce the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2). It is not yet precisely known how these restrictions affected peoples’ health behaviours in Germany. Objectives were to 1) retrospectively examine changes in self-reported health behaviours (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity) in response to these restrictions; and 2) to explore associations among health behaviour changes as well as links to socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: We used data from two waves (June-August 2020) of the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA): a cross-sectional, representative survey with people aged ≥14 years (n=4078). Associations between socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviour changes were analysed using multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: Changes in health behaviours were as follows: smoking increase=24.0 % (95 % confidence interval (CI)=21.5–26.7), decrease=12.2 % (95 %CI=10.4–14.4); alcohol consumption increase=12.9 % (95 %CI=11.7–14.1), decrease=19.9 % (95 %CI=18.4–21.3); physical activity increase=18.5 % (95 %CI=17.3–19.7); decrease=29.4 % (95 %CI=28.0–31.0). Younger people with a lower level of education were more likely to report a harmful health behaviour change. Conclusions: The majority of people did not change their health behaviours. Among those who did, comparatively more increased their smoking and decreased their alcohol consumption and physical activity. Public health interventions in this context should particularly target younger people and those with a lower level of education.
Bioaerosol Diversity and Ice Nucleating Particles in the North‐Western Himalayan Region
Authors: Yadav Shweta , Curtis Nathaniel P. , Venezia Rebecca E. , Tandon Ankit , Paerl Ryan W. , Petters Markus D.
Published: June 2022

This work presents measurements of bioaerosol diversity and ice nucleating particle (INP) concentration in total suspended particulate matter along a transect in the North‐Western Himalayan Region. Drop freezing assay was used to measure INP spectra. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to examine the abundance of autofluorescent entities in the samples. The DNA sequences were used to analyze the relative abundance, diversity, and putative functional traits of the bioaerosol community. INP concentrations varied from 1.5 × 10−3 to 5.5 L−1 air between −6°C and −24°C. Flow cytometry measurements showed a concentration stratification along the transect. Diversity measures showed that the communities are dominated by only a relatively few populations (sequence variants). Temperature and wind speed correlated with bioaerosol diversity measures. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated DNA sequences obtained from samples. Populations belonging to the ice nucleating genera Pantoea and Pseudomonas were present, yet their relative abundance did not correlate with INP concentrations. Pantoea populations dominate during daytime and may be attributed to agricultural activities in the valley region with daytime anabatic winds potentially transporting the Pantoea from the valley to more remote upslope locations. Functional attributes showed dominance of metabolism (50%), followed by environmental information processing (11%), genetic information processing (9%), and cellular processes (7%). Results from this work demonstrate the importance of surface sources, land use pattern, and local meteorology for understanding atmospheric microbial communities and their link with INP concentrations in the atmosphere.
Internal Variability of All‐Sky and Clear‐Sky Surface Solar Radiation on Decadal Timescales
Authors: Chtirkova Boriana , Folini Doris , Correa Lucas Ferreira , Wild Martin
Published: June 2022

Internal variability comprises all processes that occur within the climate system without any natural or anthropogenic forcing. Climate‐driving variables like the surface solar radiation (SSR) are shown to exhibit unforced trends (i.e., trends due to internal variability) of magnitudes comparable to the magnitude of the forced signal even on decadal timescales. We use annual mean data from 50 models participating in the preindustrial control experiment (piControl) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project‐Phase 6 (CMIP6) to give quantitative grid‐box specific estimates of the magnitudes of unforced trends. To characterize a trend distribution, symmetrical around 0, we use the 75th percentile of all possible values, which corresponds to a positive trend with 25% chance of occurrence. For 30‐year periods and depending on geographical location, this trend has a magnitude between 0.15 and 2.1 W m−2/decade for all‐sky and between 0.04 and 0.38 W m−2/decade for clear‐sky SSR. The corresponding area‐weighted medians are 0.69 W m−2/decade for all‐sky trends and 0.17 W m−2/decade for clear‐sky trends. The influence of internal variability is on average six times smaller in clear‐sky, compared to all‐sky SSR. The relative uncertainties in the physical representation, derived from the CMIP6 inter‐model spread, are ±32% for all‐sky and ±43% for clear‐sky SSR trends. Reasons for differences between models like horizontal resolution, aerosol handling, and the representation of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena are investigated. The results can be used in the analysis of observational time series by attributing a probability for a trend to be caused by internal variability, given its magnitude, length, and location.
Localized Excitation of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves From Anisotropic Protons Filtered by Magnetic Dips
Authors: Yin Ze‐Fan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Hu Ze‐Jun , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Hao Yi‐Xin , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Chen Xing‐Ran , Li Li , Fu Sui‐Yan , Funsten Herbert O. , Manweiler Jerry W.
Published: June 2022

The excitation of electrostatic and/or electromagnetic waves in the plasma universe is often associated with anisotropic velocity distributions of charged particles. In Earth's inner magnetosphere, this anisotropy can gradually develop as particles injected from the magnetotail drift around the Earth at different speeds depending on their energy and pitch angle. Here, we show that the perpendicular‐moving and bouncing ions can be separated more abruptly near the injection front. These pitch‐angle filters are localized magnetic dip structures formed by the diamagnetic behavior of the injected particles, which can trap perpendicular‐moving ions and allow bouncing ions to overtake. The resulting ion anisotropy facilitates the rapid generation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, which in turn can largely reshape the Van Allen radiation belts. This scenario is examined by case and statistical observations, together with numerical simulations that reproduce most of the observational signatures, to support the causal relationship between magnetic dips, anisotropic ion distributions, and localized excitation of EMIC waves. Our study highlights the important roles of magnetic dips in the inner magnetospheric dynamics, as pitch‐angle filters of the injected ions and traveling hotspots of EMIC wave activities.
Flow goes forward and cells step backward: endothelial migration
Authors: Lee Heon-Woo , Shin Jae Hun , Simons Michael
Published: June 2022

Systemic and pulmonary circulations constitute a complex organ that serves multiple important biological functions. Consequently, any pathological processing affecting the vasculature can have profound systemic ramifications. Endothelial and smooth muscle are the two principal cell types composing blood vessels. Critically, endothelial proliferation and migration are central to the formation and expansion of the vasculature both during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Endothelial populations are quite heterogeneous and are both vasculature type- and organ-specific. There are profound molecular, functional, and phenotypic differences between arterial, venular and capillary endothelial cells and endothelial cells in different organs. Given this endothelial cell population diversity, it has been challenging to determine the origin of endothelial cells responsible for the angiogenic expansion of the vasculature. Recent technical advances, such as precise cell fate mapping, time-lapse imaging, genome editing, and single-cell RNA sequencing, have shed new light on the role of venous endothelial cells in angiogenesis under both normal and pathological conditions. Emerging data indicate that venous endothelial cells are unique in their ability to serve as the primary source of endothelial cellular mass during both developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Here, we review recent studies that have improved our understanding of angiogenesis and suggest an updated model of this process.
Design of coherent wideband radiation process in a Nd3+-doped high entropy glass system
Authors: Zhang Linde , Zhang Jingyuan , Wang Xiang , Tao Meng , Dai Gangtao , Wu Jing , Miao Zhangwang , Han Shifei , Yu Haijuan , Lin Xuechun
Published: June 2022

We discover that the spatially coherent radiation within a certain frequency range can be obtained without a common nonlinear optical process. Conventionally, the emission spectra were obtained by de-exciting excited centers from real excited energy levels to the ground state. Our findings are achieved by deploying a high-entropy glass system (HEGS) doped with neodymium ions. The HEGS exhibits a much broader infrared absorption than common glass systems, which can be attributed to be high-frequency optical branch phonons or allowable multi-phonon processes caused by phonon broadening in the system. A broadened phonon-assisted wideband radiation (BPAWR) is induced if the pump laser is absorbed by the system. The subsequent low-threshold self-absorption coherence modulation (SACM) can be controlled by changing excitation wavelengths, sample size, and doping concentrations. The SACM can be red-shifted through the emission of phonons of the excited species and be blue-shifted by absorbing phonons before they are de-excited. There is a time delay up to 1.66 ns between the pump pulse and the BPAWR when measured after traveling through a 35 mm long sample, which is much longer than the Raman process. The BPAWR-SACM can amplify the centered non-absorption band with a gain up to 26.02 dB. These results reveal that the shift of the novel radiation is determined by the frequency of the non-absorption band near the absorption region, and therefore the emission shifts can be modulated by changing the absorption spectrum. When used in fiber lasers, the BPAWR-SACM process may help to achieve tunability.
Sentinel node approach to monitoring online COVID-19 misinformation
Authors: Osborne Matthew T. , Malloy Samuel S. , Nisbet Erik C. , Bond Robert M. , Tien Joseph H.
Published: June 2022

Understanding how different online communities engage with COVID-19 misinformation is critical for public health response. For example, misinformation confined to a small, isolated community of users poses a different public health risk than misinformation being consumed by a large population spanning many diverse communities. Here we take a longitudinal approach that leverages tools from network science to study COVID-19 misinformation on Twitter. Our approach provides a means to examine the breadth of misinformation engagement using modest data needs and computational resources. We identify a subset of accounts from different Twitter communities discussing COVID-19, and follow these ‘sentinel nodes’ longitudinally from July 2020 to January 2021. We characterize sentinel nodes in terms of a linked domain preference score, and use a standardized similarity score to examine alignment of tweets within and between communities. We find that media preference is strongly correlated with the amount of misinformation propagated by sentinel nodes. Engagement with sensationalist misinformation topics is largely confined to a cluster of sentinel nodes that includes influential conspiracy theorist accounts. By contrast, misinformation relating to COVID-19 severity generated widespread engagement across multiple communities. Our findings indicate that misinformation downplaying COVID-19 severity is of particular concern for public health response. We conclude that the sentinel node approach can be an effective way to assess breadth and depth of online misinformation penetration.
Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in adult women being seen in a primary care setting and associated risk factors
Authors: Kenne Kimberly A. , Wendt Linder , Brooks Jackson J.
Published: June 2022

Determine the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders (PFD) stratified by age, race, body mass index (BMI), and parity in adult women attending family medicine and general internal medicine clinics at an academic health system. The medical records of 25,425 adult women attending primary care clinics were queried using International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision codes (ICD-10 codes) for PFD [urinary incontinence (UI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and bowel dysfunction (anal incontinence (AI) and difficult defecation)]. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated using univariate and multivariate analysis for age, race, BMI, and parity when available. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of age, race, BMI, and parity on the likelihood of being diagnosed with a PFD. A separate model was constructed for each of the three PFD categories (UI, POP, and bowel dysfunction) as well as a model assessing the likelihood of occurrence for any type of PFD. The percentage of women with at least one PFD was 32.0% with bowel dysfunction the most common (24.6%), followed by UI (11.1%) and POP (4.4%). 5.5% had exactly two PFD and 1.1% had all 3 categories of PFD. Older age and higher BMI were strongly and significantly associated with each of the three PFD categories, except for BMI and prolapse. Relative to White patients, Asian patients were at significantly lower risk for each category of PFD, while Black patients were at significantly lower risk for UI and POP, but at significantly greater risk for bowel dysfunction and the presence of any PFD. Higher parity was also significantly associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Using multivariate analyses, age, race, and BMI were all independently associated with PFD. PFD are highly prevalent in the primary care setting and should be screened for, especially in older and obese women. BMI may represent a modifiable risk factor.
Stripe and spot selection in cusp patterning of mammalian molar formation
Authors: Morita Wataru , Morimoto Naoki , Otsu Keishi , Miura Takashi
Published: June 2022

Tooth development is governed largely by epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and is mediated by numerous signaling pathways. This type of morphogenetic processes has been explained by reaction–diffusion systems, especially in the framework of a Turing model. Here we focus on morphological and developmental differences between upper and lower molars in mice by modeling 2D pattern formation in a Turing system. Stripe vs. spot patterns are the primary types of variation in a Turing model. We show that the complexity of the cusp cross-sections can distinguish between stripe vs. spot patterns, and mice have stripe-like upper and spot-like lower molar morphologies. Additionally, our computational modeling that incorporates empirical data on tooth germ growth traces the order of cusp formation and relative position of the cusps in upper and lower molars in mice. We further propose a hypothetical framework of developmental mechanism that could help us understand the evolution of the highly variable nature of mammalian molars associated with the acquisition of the hypocone and the increase of lophedness.
Quantum algorithm for electronic band structures with local tight-binding orbitals
Authors: Sherbert Kyle , Jayaraj Anooja , Buongiorno Nardelli Marco
Published: June 2022

While the main thrust of quantum computing research in materials science is to accurately measure the classically intractable electron correlation effects due to Coulomb repulsion, designing optimal quantum algorithms for simpler problems with well-understood solutions is a useful tactic to advance our quantum “toolbox”. With this in mind, we consider the quantum calculation of a periodic system’s single-electron band structure over a path through reciprocal space. Previous efforts have used the Variational Quantum Eigensolver algorithm to solve the energy of each band, which involves numerically optimizing the parameters of a variational quantum circuit to minimize a cost function, constructed as the expectation value of a Hamiltonian operator. Traditionally, a unique Hamiltonian operator is constructed for each k-point, so that many cost functions, each with their own parameter space, must be optimized to generate a single band. Similarly, calculating higher bands than the first has traditionally involved modifying the cost function with additional overlap terms to ensure higher-energy eigenstates are orthogonal to those of lower bands. In this paper, we adopt a direct space approach, using a novel hybrid first/second-quantized qubit mapping which allows us to construct a single Hamiltonian, and a single cost-function, suitable for solving the entire electronic band structure. In contrast to previous approaches, the k-point and the band index are selected by additional parameters in our quantum circuit, rather than through modifications to the cost function. The result is a technically and conceptually simpler approach to band structure calculations on a quantum computer. Moreover, we expect that the tools developed herein will motivate new strategies for tackling highly-correlated materials beyond the grasp of classical computing.
Comparison of polysomnographic and cephalometric parameters based on positional and rapid eye movement sleep dependency in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Jo Jung-Hwan , Kim Sung-Hun , Jang Ji-Hee , Park Ji-Woon , Chung Jin-Woo
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in polysomnographic and cephalometric features according to positional and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dependencies in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Standard polysomnography and cephalometric analyses were performed on 133 OSA patients. The subjects were categorized into positional and non-positional, and REM-related and not-REM-related OSA groups according to positional and REM sleep dependency on severity of sleep apnea. Polysomnographic and cephalometric parameters were compared between groups. Positional and REM-related OSA patients showed significantly lower non-supine apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), non-REM (NREM) AHI and overall AHI and higher NREM oxygen saturation (SpO2) and mean SpO2 compared to non-positional and not-REM-related OSA patients, respectively. Cephalometric features between positional and non-positional OSA patients did not show any significant differences. However, REM-related OSA patients showed significantly larger inferior oral airway space and shorter perpendicular distance between mandibular plane and anterior hyoid bone and the distance between uvula and posterior nasal spine, and narrower maximum width of soft palate than not-REM-related OSA patients. Positional and REM-related OSA patients have lower severity of sleep apnea, suggesting the possibility of lower collapsibility of the upper airway. REM sleep dependency was associated with anatomical factors, while positional dependency did not show such a tendency.
Renal replacement therapy and concurrent fluconazole therapy increase linezolid-related thrombocytopenia among adult patients
Authors: Hsu Yueh-Chun , Chen Szu-Ying , Hung Yung-Jun , Huang Yu-Wei
Published: June 2022

Linezolid has been reported to be associated with thrombocytopenia. However, limited information is available on susceptibility to thrombocytopenia after linezolid usage. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia (LAT). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥ 18 years who received linezolid for ≥ 5 d during hospitalization in 2019. Information was extracted from electronic medical records. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count of < 100 × 109/L or a reduction from baseline ≥ 25%. Binary logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors for LAT. A total of 98 patients were enrolled. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 53.1% patients, with a median of 9 d after initiation of linezolid. There was no significant difference in the mortality or proportion of platelet transfusions between patients with and without thrombocytopenia. A higher risk of LAT was found in patients who received renal replacement therapy (RRT) (OR 4.8 [1.4–16.4]), or concurrent fluconazole (OR 3.5 [1.2–9.8]). Patients who received RRT (8 vs. 15 d) or concurrent fluconazole (11 vs. 15 d) had a shorter median time to develop thrombocytopenia. Those who simultaneously received RRT and fluconazole had the shortest median of time (6.5 d) and the highest risk of developing thrombocytopenia (87.5%).
A pilot study of micro-CT-based whole tissue imaging (WTI) on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens
Authors: Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Nishimura Makoto , Teplov Alexei , Leung Galen , Ntiamoah Peter , Cesmecioglu Emine , Kawata Noboru , Ohnishi Takashi , Kareem Ibrahim , Shia Jinru , Yagi Yukako
Published: June 2022

Endoscopic submucosal dissection can remove large superficial gastrointestinal lesions in en bloc. A detailed pathological evaluation of the resected specimen is required to assess the risk of recurrence after treatment. However, the current method of sectioning specimens to a thickness of a few millimeters does not provide information between the sections that are lost during the preparation. In this study, we have produced three-dimensional images of the entire dissected lesion for nine samples by using micro-CT imaging system. Although it was difficult to diagnose histological type on micro-CT images, it successfully evaluates the extent of the lesion and its surgical margins. Micro-CT images can depict sites that cannot be observed by the conventional pathological diagnostic process, suggesting that it may be useful to use in a complementary manner.
Targeted sequencing analysis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolates in chicken layer and breeder flocks in Thailand
Authors: Limsatanun Arithat , Pakpinyo Somsak , Limpavithayakul Kriengwich , Prasertsee Teerarat
Published: June 2022

Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) is one of the most economically important pathogens worldwide. MG affects the respiratory system and impairs growth performance in poultry. In developing countries, the most widely used technique to identify MG is the conventional PCR assay. In this study, 24 MG isolates collected from Thailand farms with unvaccinated chickens during 2002–2020 were characterized by gene-targeted sequencing (GTS), followed by phylogenetic analysis using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. These 24 Thai MG isolates differed from vaccine strains, including the F, ts-11 and 6/85 strains. One isolate showed 99.5–100% genetic similarity to the F strain with 4 partial gene analyses. This result may have been due to contamination from vaccinated flocks because the F strain is the most commonly used vaccine strain in Thailand. However, the GTS analysis using the partial MG genes in this study showed that the isolates could be grouped into different patterns based on individual gene sequences. The phylogenetic analysis of partialmgc2,gapA,pvpAandlpgene sequences classified the Thai MG isolates into 7, 11, 7 and 2 groups, respectively. In conclusion, at least 2 partial MG genes, especially partialgapA andmgc2 genes, are needed to differentiate MG isolates.
Remodeling of gene regulatory networks underlying thermogenic stimuli-induced adipose beiging
Authors: Lee Seoyeon , Benvie Abigail M. , Park Hui Gyu , Spektor Roman , Harlan Blaine , Brenna J. Thomas , Berry Daniel C. , Soloway Paul D.
Published: June 2022

Beige adipocytes are induced by cold temperatures or β3-adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) agonists. They create heat through glucose and fatty acid (FA) oxidation, conferring metabolic benefits. The distinct and shared mechanisms by which these treatments induce beiging are unknown. Here, we perform single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) on adipose tissue from mice exposed to cold or an Adrb3 agonist to identify cellular and chromatin accessibility dynamics during beiging. Both stimuli induce chromatin remodeling that influence vascularization and inflammation in adipose. Beige adipocytes from cold-exposed mice have increased accessibility at genes regulating glycolytic processes, whereas Adrb3 activation increases cAMP responses. While both thermogenic stimuli increase accessibility at genes regulating thermogenesis, lipogenesis, and beige adipocyte development, the kinetics and magnitudes of the changes are distinct for the stimuli. Accessibility changes at lipogenic genes are linked to functional changes in lipid composition of adipose. Both stimuli tend to decrease the proportion of palmitic acids, a saturated FA in adipose. However, Adrb3 activation increases the proportion of monounsaturated FAs, whereas cold increases the proportion of polyunsaturated FAs. These findings reveal common and distinct mechanisms of cold and Adrb3 induced beige adipocyte biogenesis, and identify unique functional consequences of manipulating these pathways in vivo.
Simulated bifurcation assisted by thermal fluctuation
Authors: Kanao Taro , Goto Hayato
Published: June 2022

Various kinds of Ising machines based on unconventional computing have recently been developed for practically important combinatorial optimization. Among them, the machines implementing a heuristic algorithm called simulated bifurcation have achieved high performance, where Hamiltonian dynamics are simulated by massively parallel processing. To further improve the performance of simulated bifurcation, here we introduce thermal fluctuation to its dynamics relying on the Nosé–Hoover method, which has been used to simulate Hamiltonian dynamics at finite temperatures. We find that a heating process in the Nosé–Hoover method can assist simulated bifurcation to escape from local minima of the Ising problem, and hence lead to improved performance. We thus propose heated simulated bifurcation and demonstrate its performance improvement by numerically solving instances of the Ising problem with up to 2000 spin variables and all-to-all connectivity. Proposed heated simulated bifurcation is expected to be accelerated by parallel processing.
A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples
Authors: Nualdee Kamonwan , Buain Ratchaneekorn , Janchawee Benjamas , Sukree Warakorn , Thammakhet-Buranachai Chongdee , Kanatharana Proespichaya , Chaisiwamongkhol Korbua , Prutipanlai Sathaporn , Phonchai Apichai
Published: June 2022

This work presents an in-house developed stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) device with an XAD-2 adsorbent followed by analysis using GC-FID for the extraction and determination of the five main abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples.
A cucurbit[6]uril based supramolecular assembly for the detection and removal of dyes and antibiotics from water
Authors: Guo Jing , Han Xiaodong , Wang Shuo , Liu Mei , Liu Lihui , Wang Peng
Published: June 2022

A cucurbit[6]uril-based supramolecular assembly was used for the rapid and sensitive detection and removal of dyes and antibiotics from water at parts per billion (ppb) levels through luminescence quenching.
Strategies and characterization methods for achieving high performance PEO-based solid-state lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Bin , Fu Yanda , Wang Jianan , Gong Yi , Zhao Yunlong , Yang Kai , Zhou Sida , Liu Lishuo , Yang Shichun , Liu Xinhua , Pan Feng
Published: June 2022

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) based polymer electrolytes have been widely used in solid-state lithium batteries (SSBs) owing to the high solubility of lithium salt, favourable ionic conductivity, flexibility for improved interfacial contact and scalable processing.
Tuning the fast generation of luminescent silver nanodots on a surface
Authors: Hong Sungjay , Zhao Yanlu , Choi Sungmoon , Lee Eunhye , Yu Junhua
Published: June 2022

The generation of silver nanodots on a surface can be tuned by the freedom of the ssDNA molecules.
Construction of two novel non-penetrating Co-MOFs derived from designed 2,4,6-tri(2,4-dicarboxyphenyl)pyridine: synthesis, structure and gas adsorption properties
Authors: Ding Tao , Li Zi-Yu , Gao Dan , Zheng Li-Na , Shi Lan-Ting , Gong Xue-Song , Gao Zi-Wei
Published: June 2022

Two Co(ii)-based metal–organic frameworks have been successfully constructed from a polycarboxyl group ligand. Both MOFs have non-penetrating network structures, and show moderately high selective separation of C2H2, C2H4 and CO2 from CH4.
A ‘self-activating’ Bi3TaO7–Bi4TaO8Br photocatalyst and its use in the sustainable production of pro-fluorophoric rhodamine-110
Authors: Banoo Maqsuma , Chatterjee Kaustav , Mondal Sanjit , Vinod C. P. , Gautam Ujjal K.
Published: June 2022

A rhodamine B photodegradation intermediate, a highly expensive rhodamine 110 profluorophore, has been extracted in a commercially sustainable way by developing a catalyst that improves its activity in every cycle, unlike other photocatalysts.
Correction: Nano Au/Pd-catalysed ‘on-water’ synthesis of C3–C3′ diaryl-oxindole scaffolds via N2-selective dearomatization of indole
Authors: Gohain Shivanee Borpatra , Basumatary Monika , Boruah Purna K. , Das Manash R. , Thakur Ashim Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Nano Au/Pd-catalysed ‘on-water’ synthesis of C3–C3′ diaryl-oxindole scaffolds via N2-selective dearomatization of indole’ by Shivanee Borpatra Gohain et al., Green Chem., 2020, 22, 170–179, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC02370D.
Introducing C2 asymmetry in chromans—a brief story
Authors: Kundu Subhradip , Bishi Sangita , Sarkar Debayan
Published: June 2022

The Trost group made notable attempts in the 1990s to synthesize several natural products such as vitamin E and its analogs, clusifoliol, rhododaurichromanic acid A, siccanin, and calanolide A and B through the palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) reaction.
A highly stereoselective and recyclable microgel-supported bifunctional sulfonamide organocatalyst for asymmetric alcoholysis of meso-cyclic anhydrides: a thermo-responsive “organic nanoreactor”
Authors: Xiong Fei , Ma Chao , Zhu Yi-Ren , Sun Chen , Chen Lu , Zhang Yan-Jun , Zhu Yuan-Jie , Wang Zhong-Hua
Published: June 2022

We developed a novel thermo-responsive microgel catalyst based on readily available (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-(p-nitrophenyl)propane-1,3-diol and applied it in the field of asymmetric alcoholysis of cyclic meso-anhydrides.
Rhodium(i)-catalysed cycloisomerisation/6π electrocyclisation of 5-(ethynylamino)pent-2-yn-1-yl esters to 2,3-dihydrobenzo[f]indoles
Authors: Merrett James Theodore , Chen Xiaoyu , Kyne Sara Helen , Harode Mandeep , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: June 2022

A rare instance in rhodium catalysis of anin situformed rhodacycle that undergoes a formal 1,8-acyloxy migration-initiated reductive elimination.
Rhazinilam–leuconolam family of natural products: a half century of total synthesis
Authors: Sirindil Fatih , Weibel Jean-Marc , Pale Patrick , Blanc Aurélien
Published: June 2022

Over 50 years, the unique architecture and bioactivity of the rhazinilam family of natural products has caught organic chemist interest. Their total syntheses demonstrate the utility of advanced methodologies and/or cutting-edge synthetic strategies.
Polyaromatic cores for the exfoliation of popular 2D materials
Authors: Garrido Marina , Barrejón Myriam , Berrocal José Augusto , Syrgiannis Zois , Prato Maurizio
Published: June 2022

The employment of the solvent interfacial trapping method and two aromatic stabilizers allows obtaining dispersions of two-dimensional materials with high concentrations.
Research progress on ZnSe and ZnTe anodes for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Ni Wei , Li Xiu , Shi Ling-Ying , Ma Jianmin
Published: June 2022

In this review, we overviewed recent research on ZnSe, ZnTe and their hybrids/composites for Li/Na/K-ion batteries, which gives some insights into advancing the development of next-generation batteries.
Asymmetric difluorocarbonylation reactions of non-active imines catalyzed by Bi(OAc)3/chiral phosphoric acid
Authors: Pan Yu-Liang , Shao Ying-Bo , Liu Zhen , Zheng Han-Liang , Cai Liu , Zhang Hai-Chang , Li Xin
Published: June 2022

Difluorinated carbonyl has been identified as the basic skeleton of multitudinous biologically active molecules.
The role of selective contacts and built-in field for charge separation and transport in photoelectrochemical devices
Authors: Schleuning Markus , Ahmet Ibbi Y. , van de Krol Roel , May Matthias M.
Published: June 2022

The principal driving force for charge carrier separation in a PEC cell is given by the QFL gradients. Upon illumination the E-field is reduced by the amount of photovoltage delivered. Selective contacts are thus decisive for device performance.
A tale of topoisomerases and the knotty genetic material in the backdrop of Plasmodium biology
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Rani Khushboo , Gotmare Akanksha , Bhattacharyya Sunanda
Published: June 2022

The untangling or overwinding of genetic material is an inevitable part of DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. Topoisomerases belong to a conserved enzyme family that amends DNA topology during various processes of DNA metabolism. To relax the genetic material, topoisomerases transiently break the phosphodiester bond on one or both DNA strands and remain associated with the cleavage site by forming a covalent enzyme–DNA intermediate. This releases torsional stress and allows the broken DNA to be re-ligated by the enzyme. The biological function of topoisomerases ranges from the separation of sister chromatids following DNA replication to the aiding of chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis. Topoisomerases are also actively involved in meiotic recombination. The unicellular apicomplexan parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, harbors different topoisomerase subtypes, some of which have substantially different sequences and functions from their human counterparts. This review highlights the biological function of each identified Plasmodium topoisomerase along with a comparative analysis of their orthologs in human or other model organisms. There is also a focus on recent advancements towards the development of topoisomerase chemical inhibitors, underscoring the druggability of unique topoisomerase subunits that are absent in humans. Plasmodium harbors three distinct genomes in the nucleus, apicoplast, and mitochondria, respectively, and undergoes non-canonical cell division during the schizont stage of development. This review emphasizes the specific developmental stages of Plasmodium on which future topoisomerase research should focus.
Practical distinguishing attack against the IoT‐friendly block cipher ALLPC
Authors: Cui Ting , Zhang Jiyan , Jin Chenhui , Chen Shiwei , Yang Yang
Published: June 2022

The issue of security and privacy plays an important role in the Internet of Things (IoT) and directly affects its wide applications. In order to meet the security requirements in the IoT environment, a series of lightweight encryption schemes have been proposed. Meanwhile, cryptanalysis against these schemes is critical to the security of IoT. In this paper, a practical distinguishing attack on an IoT‐friendly lightweight cipher ALLPC is presented. Specifically, it is found that there exists a fixed point in the differential of ALLPC's S‐box, then a differential trail with a period of 14‐round has been proposed. By connecting to the periodic differential trail, a differential trail is constructed for the full‐round ALLPC with a probability of 2−24. Applying such property, one can distinguish the full‐round ALLPC block cipher from a random permutation in about 10 min on a laptop.
Optical likelihood calculation for quadrature phase‐shift keying signal based on silicon integrated waveguide
Authors: Aikawa Yohei
Published: June 2022

All‐optical likelihood calculation has the potential to improve the performance of operating speed and power consumption in future communication systems. The author previously proposed a novel scheme of likelihood calculation, which is capable of applying multi‐value modulation. However, these studies have a limitation that requires higher integration into an actual system. In this study, an optical device of likelihood calculation for a 4‐bit quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK) modulated signal (i.e. two sequential QPSK symbols) is demonstrated. The integrated device consists of two delayed interferometers with silicon waveguide. The device is designed according to the types of 4‐bit code string as follows (00 00), (00 11), (11 00), and (11 11), and the output light waveform from the device is observed by an oscilloscope for a plurality of 4‐bit QPSK signals. The light intensity obtained from the device accurately corresponds to the Hamming distance between the code string and the input signal. The results indicate that the proposed scheme correctly calculates a likelihood for a 4‐bit QPSK signal at 10 Gbaud.
El peroné flotante: Resultado de una luxación tibioastragalina pura con lesión de la articulación tibioperonea proximal: Reporte de caso
Authors: Díez-Albero Luis , Saura-Sánchez Eladio
Published: June 2022

Antecedentes El peroné flotante tras un traumatismo de alta energía es una entidad muy poco frecuente. Este es el primer reporte de caso asociado a luxación del tendón bicipital.

Objetivo Presentar un caso de peroné flotante tras luxación divergente de tobillo asociado a luxación peronea proximal.

Materiales y métodos Mujer de 17 añ que, tras accidente de tráfico, sufrió caída y presentó dolor y deformidad del tobillo izquierdo, junto con dolor e impotencia funcional de la rodilla ipsilateral. En las radiografías, se apreció una luxación pura divergente del tobillo izquierdo de tipo IV. Se realizó reducción cerrada en urgencias. El estudio se complementó con una resonancia magnética que mostró una rotura completa de la sindesmosis y del ligamento deltoideo, así como una fractura no desplazada de la meseta tibial externa, junto con un desgarro de la cápsula tibioperonea proximal y desprendimiento completo del ligamento lateral externo y del tendón bicipital desde su inserción en la cabeza del peroné.

Se realizó reanclaje de la sindesmosis y del ligamento deltoideo, así como del ligamento lateral externo y del tendón bicipital mediante anclajes óseos metálicos y reducción de peroné tanto proximal como distalmente, mediante sistema de sutura tipo botón. Se inmovilizó con férula cruropédica por cuatro semanas.

Resultados La paciente presentó recuperación completa de la fuerza a los cinco meses de seguimiento, con movilidad completa del tobillo y de la rodilla.

Conclusión El peroné flotante es muy poco frecuente; sólo se ha descrito un caso en la literatura. Implica la disrupción de la articulación tibioperonea proximal y distal, lo que puede provocar inestabilidad en la rodilla y en el tobillo.

Por tanto, ante un traumatismo de alta energía en el tobillo, es necesaria la exploración minuciosa de la rodilla ipsilateral.
Prostate Artery Embolization in Patients above Eighty Years Old: Clinical Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Saro Hossam , Solyman M. Th. , Zaki Mohammed , Hasan M.A. N. , Thulasidasan N. , Clovis Sharon , Elhage Oussama , Popert Rick , Sabharwal Tarun
Published: June 2022

Objectives Prostate artery embolization (PAE) has been established as an effective treatment option for benign prostate hyperplasia or hematuria of prostatic origin. We aim to confirm the effectiveness and safety of PAE in elderly patients aged ≥ 80 years old.

Materials and Methods Between January 2014 and August 2020, PAE was attempted on 54 elderly patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or prostatic hematuria who were unfit for surgical treatment or opted for PAE. Outcome parameters (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS], quality of life [QoL] score, International Index of Erectile Function score (IIEF), maximal urinary flow rate, postvoid residual, and prostate volume) were collected and analyzed at baseline, 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years.

Results The mean patient age was 85.29 years (range: 80–98). Technical success was achieved in 50 patients (92.6%). Mean IPSS improved from 18 at baseline to 7.7, 8.5, 8.6, and 9.1 at 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years. Mean QoL improved from 4.9 at baseline to 2.8, 1.7, and 1.5 at 6 months, 1, and 2 years. Mean prostate volume reduced from a baseline of 152.7 to 123.5 mL within 6 months and 120.5 mL after 7 months of PAE. Urinary catheter removal was successful in 13 out of 19 patients with urinary retention. PAE succeeded in stopping bleeding in 16 out of 17 patients with prostate-induced hematuria.

Conclusion PAE is a feasible low-risk treatment for LUTS with or without urinary retention or prostatic hematuria in elderly patients.
Increase of Micro-vessels Beneath the Pleural Surface on CT Predicts Pleural Adhesions
Authors: Kawamura Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Naohiro , Goto Yukinobu , Sato Yukio
Published: June 2022

Background Pleural adhesions are often troublesome in lung surgeries. In some dense pleural adhesions, blood vessels between lung and chest wall (BVLC) are found during surgery. Theoretically, BVLC would increase the amount of blood flow just below the visceral pleura and could allow blood vessels beneath the pleural surface to be clearly visualized on CT. In this study, we investigated whether it was possible to identify the typical CT findings of cases with BVLC.

Methods Medical records and imaging findings of 186 patients who underwent surgery for lung tumors in our institution were retrospectively reviewed.

Results BVLC was found in 56 patients, of whom 44 (79%) had findings on preoperative CT that indicated increase of micro-vessels just below pleura. In the 21 patients with BVLC of ≥1 mm vessel diameter, the same CT findings were recognized in 19 cases (90%).

Conclusion Our results indicate that the CT finding of increased micro-vessels just below pleura has the potential to be used as a novel predictor of pleural adhesion.
Enhancing contrast to visualize cell membranes
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: June 2022

Examples of contrast variation in neutron scattering experiments demonstrate the value of the approach in investigating biological samples
Dominant flow features in the wake of a wind turbine at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Piqué A. , Miller M. A. , Hultmark M.
Published: June 2022

Dominant flow features in the near and intermediate wake of a horizontal-axis wind turbine are studied at near field-scale Reynolds numbers. Measurements of the axial velocity component were performed using a nano-scale hot-wire anemometer and analyzed using spectral methods to reveal the extent and evolution of the flow features. Experiments were conducted at a range of Reynolds numbers, of 2.7×106≤ReD≤7.2×106, based on the rotor diameter and freestream velocity. Five different downstream locations were surveyed, between 0.77≤x/D≤5.52, including the near wake, transition to the intermediate wake, and the intermediate wake. Three dominant wake features are identified and studied: the tip vortices, an annular shear layer in the wake core, and wake meandering. The tip vortices are shown to have a broadband influence in the flow in their vicinity, which locally alters the turbulence in that area. It is shown that shedding in the wake core and wake meandering are two distinct and independent low frequency features, and the wake meandering persists into the intermediate wake, whereas the signatures of the core shedding vanish early in the near wake.
PbOx phase separation in PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 based capacitors made using sol-gel films with high Pb precursor excess
Authors: Gueye Ibrahima , Le Rhun Gwenael , Renault Olivier , Pierre Francois , Defay Emmanuel , Barrett Nicholas
Published: June 2022

We present a study of the impact of Pb excess content on electrical performance of lead zirconate titanate (PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3, PZT) thin-film capacitors. High Pb excess eliminates the ZrOx interface layer between the PZT and the electrode but also reduces the breakdown field, while the linear dielectric character of the capacitor response increases with Pb excess. The chemical sensitivity of hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with in situ bias provides direct evidence of a polar but the non-ferroelectric PbOx phase in the bulk of the sol-gel film. The phase has a distinct core level signature and is consistent with the dielectric response at low field, which becomes more ferroelectric at higher field, as well as the lower remanent polarization and breakdown field.
Liquid film rupture beyond the thin-film equation: A multi-component lattice Boltzmann study
Authors: Pelusi F. , Sega M. , Harting J.
Published: June 2022

Under the condition of partial surface wettability, thin liquid films can be destabilized by small perturbations and rupture into droplets. As successfully predicted by the thin film equation (TFE), the rupture dynamics are dictated by the liquid–solid interaction. The theory describes the latter using the disjoining pressure or, equivalently, the contact angle. The introduction of a secondary fluid can lead to a richer phenomenology, thanks to the presence of different fluid/surface interaction energies but has so far not been investigated. In this work, we study the rupture of liquid films with different heights immersed in a secondary fluid using a multi-component lattice Boltzmann (LB) approach. We investigate a wide range of surface interaction energies, equilibrium contact angles, and film thicknesses. We found that the rupture time can differ by about one order of magnitude for identical equilibrium contact angles but different surface free energies. Interestingly, the TFE describes the observed breakup dynamics qualitatively well, up to equilibrium contact angles as large as 130°. A small film thickness is a much stricter requirement for the validity of the TFE, and agreement with LB results is found only for ratios ε=h/L of the film height h and lateral system size L, such as ε≲×10−3.
Evaluation of crystalline quality of traveling heater method (THM) grown Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.98Se0.02 crystals
Authors: Roy U. N. , Baker J. N. , Camarda G. S. , Cui Y. , Yang G. , James R. B.
Published: June 2022

Because of its excellent opto-electronic properties, CdZnTe (CZT) has been the material of choice for x- and gamma-ray detectors operable at room temperature. CZT is the leading commercially available room-temperature radiation detector material today. Although much progress has been made over the past three decades, today's CZT crystals still face certain challenges, especially the presence of the performance-limiting materials defects and the associated relatively high production cost. In this regard, CdxZn1−xTeySe1−y (CZTS) is emerging as a next-generation compound semiconductor, which overcomes some of the limitations of CZT technology for the stated applications. Here, we conducted a study to evaluate the crystalline quality of the traveling heater method grown CZTS with an optimized alloy composition, i.e., Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.98Se0.02. The as-grown samples were evaluated by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction using the synchrotron light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The full width at half maximum of both the PL and x-ray rocking curves was observed to be broadened due to the lattice disorder of the quaternary compound, eventually degrading the crystalline quality. This was consistent with density functional theory calculations.