bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Shear Strength and Failure Mechanism of Cemented Soil–Concrete Interface
Authors: Zhou Jie , Ban Chao , Zhou Huade , Ren Junjie , Liu Zhong
Published: June 2023

Cement is always used in underground construction to reinforce and improve soft clay, resulting in the formation of a cemented soil–concrete interface. It is of great importance to study interface shear strength and failure mechanisms. So, in order to figure out the failure mechanism and characteristics of a cemented soil–concrete interface, a series of large-scale shear tests of a cemented soil–concrete interface, and corresponding unconfined compressive tests and direct shear tests of cemented soil, were carried out specifically under different impact factors. A kind of bounding strength was observed during large-scale interface shearing. Resultantly, three stages of the shear failure process of the cemented soil–concrete interface are proposed, and bonding strength, peak (shear) strength and residual strength are pointed out, respectively, in interface shear stress–strain development. Based on the analysis results of the impact factors, the shear strength of the cemented soil–concrete interface increases with age, the cement mixing ratio and normal stress, and decreases with the water–cement ratio. Additionally, the interface shear strength grows much more rapidly after 14 d to 28 d compared to the early stage (1~7 d). Additionally, the shear strength of the cemented soil–concrete interface is positively related to unconfined compressive strength and shear strength. However, the trends of the bonding strength and unconfined compressive strength or shear strength are much closer than those of the peak and residual strength. This is considered to be related to the cementation of cement hydration products and probably the particle arrangement of the interface. Particularly, the cemented soil–concrete interface shear strength is always smaller than the cemented soil’s own shear strength at any age.
Structural Features of Fatigue Crack Propagation of a Forging Die Made of Chromium–Molybdenum–Vanadium Tool Steel on Its Durability
Authors: Hawryluk Marek , Lachowicz Marzena , Łukaszek-Sołek Aneta , Lisiecki Łukasz , Ficak Grzegorz , Cygan Piotr
Published: June 2023

The paper presents the results of tests on a die insert made of non-standardised chrome-molybdenum–vanadium tool steel used during pre-forging, the life of which was 6000 forgings, while the average life for such tools is 8000 forgings. It was withdrawn from production due to intensive wear and premature breakage. In order to determine the causes of increased tool wear, a comprehensive analysis was carried out, including 3D scanning of the working surface; numerical simulations, with particular emphasis on cracking (according to the C-L criterion); and fractographic and microstructural tests. The results of numerical modelling in conjunction with the obtained results of structural tests allowed us to determine the causes of cracks in the working area of the die, which were caused by high cyclical thermal and mechanical loads and abrasive wear due to intensive flow of the forging material. It was found that the resulting fracture initiated as a multi-centric fatigue fracture continued to develop as a multifaceted brittle fracture with numerous secondary faults. Microscopic examinations allowed us to evaluate the wear mechanisms of the insert, which included plastic deformation and abrasive wear, as well as thermo-mechanical fatigue. As part of the work carried out, directions for further research were also proposed to improve the durability of the tested tool. In addition, the observed high tendency to cracking of the tool material used, based on impact tests and determination of the K1C fracture toughness factor, led to the proposal of an alternative material characterised by higher impact strength.
Overview and Recent Advances in Hyphenated Electrochemical Techniques for the Characterization of Electroactive Materials
Authors: García-Jareño José Juan , Agrisuelas Jerónimo , Vicente Francisco
Published: June 2023

A hyphenated electrochemical technique consists of the combination of the coupling of an electrochemical technique with a non-electrochemical technique, such as spectroscopical and optical techniques, electrogravimetric techniques, and electromechanical techniques, among others. This review highlights the development of the use of this kind of technique to appreciate the useful information which can be extracted for the characterization of electroactive materials. The use of time derivatives and the acquisition of simultaneous signals from different techniques allow extra information from the crossed derivative functions in the dc-regime to be obtained. This strategy has also been effectively used in the ac-regime, reaching valuable information about the kinetics of the electrochemical processes taking place. Among others, molar masses of exchanged species or apparent molar absorptivities at different wavelengths have been estimated, increasing the knowledge of the mechanisms for different electrode processes.
Study on the Microstructure and Properties of Welded Joints of Laser Shock Peening on HC420LA Low-Alloy High-Tensile Steel
Authors: Wang Yu , Feng Aixin , Pan Xiaoming , Chen Chunlun , Wei Yacheng , Wang Jun
Published: June 2023

Laser shock peening is a promising surface strengthening technology that can effectively improve the mechanical properties of materials. This paper is based on the laser shock peening process for HC420LA low-alloy high-strength steel weldments. Contrast analysis of the evolution of the microstructure, residual stress distribution and mechanical properties of the welded joints before and after the laser shock peening on each region is carried out; a combination of tensile fracture and impact toughness fracture morphology analyses of laser shock peening on the welded joint strength and toughness regulation mechanism are also completed. The results show that the laser shock peening can refine the microstructure of the welded joint effectively, the microhardness of all areas of the joint increases and the weld residual tensile stresses are transformed into beneficial residual compressive stresses, affecting a layer depth of 600 μm. In addition, the strength and impact toughness of welded joints of HC420LA low-alloy high-strength steel are improved.
Ultrasonic Nonlinearity Experiment due to Plastic Deformation of Aluminum Plate Due to Bending Damage
Authors: Park Junpil , Aslam Mohammed , Lee Jaesun
Published: June 2023

The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation technique is useful for assessing micro-defects and microstructure changes caused by fatigue or bending damage. In particular, the guided wave is advantageous for long-distance testing such as piping and plate. Despite these advantages, the study of nonlinear guided wave propagation has received relatively less attention compared to bulk wave techniques. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the correlation between nonlinear parameters and material properties. In this study, the relationship between nonlinear parameters and plastic deformation resulting from bending damage was experimentally investigated using Lamb waves. The findings indicated an increase in the nonlinear parameter for the specimen, which was loaded within the elastic limit. Inversely, regions of maximum deflection in specimens with plastic deformation exhibited a decrease in the nonlinear parameter. This research is expected to be helpful for maintenance technology in the nuclear power plant and aerospace fields that require high reliability and accuracy.
Numerical Investigation of Longitudinal through Voids in Tunnel Secondary Lining Vaults and Steel Plate Strengthening
Authors: Shao Shuai , Wu Yimin , Fu Helin , Feng Sheng , Zhang Jiawei
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the influence of longitudinal through voids on vault lining. Firstly, a loading test was carried out on a local void model, and the CDP model was used for numerical verification. It was found that the damage to the lining caused by a longitudinal through void was primarily located at the void boundary. On the basis of these findings, an overall model of the vault’s through void was established using the CDP model. The effects of the void on the circumferential stress, vertical deformation, axial force, and bending moment of the lining surface were analyzed, and the damage characteristics of the vault’s through void lining were studied. The results indicated that the through void of the vault caused circumferential tensile stress on the lining surface of the void boundary, while the compressive stress of the vault increased significantly, resulting in a relatively uplifted vault. Furthermore, the axial force within the void range decreased, and the local positive bending moment at the void boundary increased significantly. The impact of the void increased gradually with the height of the void. If the height of the longitudinal through void is large, the inner surface of the lining at the void boundary will crack longitudinally, and the vault will be at risk of falling blocks or even being crushed.
Driving a Molecular Spin-Peierls System into a Short Range Ordered State through Chemical Substitution
Authors: Berlie Adam , Terry Ian , Szablewski Marek
Published: June 2023

Chemically altering molecules can have dramatic effects on the physical properties of a series of very similar molecular compounds. A good example of this is within the quasi-1D spin-Peierls system potassium TCNQ (TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoqunidimethane), where substitution of TCNQF4 for TCNQ has a dramatic effect on the 1D interactions, resulting in a drop in the corresponding spin-Peierls transition temperature. Within this work, we extend the investigation to potassium TCNQBr2, where only two protons of TCNQ can be substituted with bromine atoms due to steric constraints. The new system exhibits evidence for a residual component of the magnetism when probed via magnetic susceptibility measurements and muon spin spectroscopy. The observations suggest that the system is dominated by short range, and potentially disordered, correlations within the bulk phase.
1-O-alkyl-glycerols from Squid Berryteuthis magister Reduce Inflammation and Modify Fatty Acid and Plasmalogen Metabolism in Asthma Associated with Obesity
Authors: Denisenko Yulia , Novgorodtseva Tatyana , Antonyuk Marina , Yurenko Alla , Gvozdenko Tatyana , Kasyanov Sergey , Ermolenko Ekaterina , Sultanov Ruslan
Published: June 2023

Asthma associated with obesity is considered the most severe phenotype and can be challenging to manage with standard medications. Marine-derived 1-O-alkyl-glycerols (AGs), as precursors for plasmalogen synthesis, have high biological activity, making them a promising substance for pharmacology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGs from squid Berryteuthis magister on lung function, fatty acid and plasmalogen levels, and cytokine and adipokine production in obese patients with asthma. The investigational trial included 19 patients with mild asthma associated with obesity who received 0.4 g of AGs daily for three months in addition to their standard treatment. The effects of AGs were evaluated at one and three months of treatment. The results of the study demonstrated that intake of AGs increased the FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratios, and significantly decreased the ACQ score in 17 of the 19 patients after three months of treatment. The intake of AGs increased concentration of plasmalogen and n–3 PUFA in plasma, and modified leptin/adiponectin production by adipose tissue. The supplementation of AGs decreased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17a), and oxylipins (TXB2 and LTB4), suggesting an anti-inflammatory property of AGs. In conclusion, 1-O-alkyl-glycerols could be a promising dietary supplement for improving pulmonary function and reducing inflammation in obese asthma patients, and a natural source for plasmalogen synthesis. The study highlighted that the beneficial effects of AG consumption can be observed after one month of treatment, with gradual improvement after three months of supplementation.
Nanoparticles from Microalgae and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sidorowicz Agnieszka , Fais Giacomo , Casula Mattia , Borselli Massimiliano , Giannaccare Giuseppe , Locci Antonio Mario , Lai Nicola , Orrù Roberto , Cao Giacomo , Concas Alessandro
Published: June 2023

Over the years, microalgae have been a source of useful compounds mainly used as food and dietary supplements. Recently, microalgae have been used as a source of metabolites that can participate in the synthesis of several nanoparticles through inexpensive and environmentally friendly routes alternative to chemical synthesis. Notably, the occurrence of global health threats focused attention on the microalgae application in the medicinal field. In this review, we report the influence of secondary metabolites from marine and freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria on the synthesis of nanoparticles that were applied as therapeutics. In addition, the use of isolated compounds on the surface of nanoparticles to combat diseases has also been addressed. Although studies have proven the beneficial effect of high-value bioproducts on microalgae and their potential in medicine, there is still room for understanding their exact role in the human body and translating lab-based research into clinical trials.
High Fat Diet Exaggerate Metabolic and Reproductive PCOS Features by Promoting Oxidative Stress: An Improved EV Model in Rats
Authors: Rakic Dejana , Joksimovic Jovic Jovana , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Zivkovic Vladimir , Nikolic Maja , Sretenovic Jasmina , Nikolic Marina , Jovic Nikola , Bicanin Ilic Marija , Arsenijevic Petar , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra , Vulovic Tatjana , Ristic Natasa , Bulatovic Kristina , Bolevich Sergej , Stijak Lazar , Pantovic Suzana
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent multifactorial endocrinopathy affecting women in the reproductive period, often associated with infertility and metabolic disorders. The use of animal models helps to better understand etiopathogenesis, enabling the examination of the effects of certain drugs in order to discover the best possible therapeutic approach. We tried to investigate the additional effect of estradiol-valerate (EV) and high-fat diet (HFD) in female rats to explore PCOS-related alterations with special focus on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into three groups: control group (CTRL, n = 6), estradiol-valerate group (EV, n = 6), and estradiol-valerate group on HFD (EV + HFD, n = 6). PCOS was induced by single subcutaneous injection of long-acting EV in a dose of 4 mg/per rat. We tried to improve the metabolic characteristics of the PCOS animal model by adding HFD, so the CTRL and EV group had a regular diet, while the EV + HFD group had HFD during the induction period of 60 days. Results: We observed alterations of anthropometric parameters and hormonal disturbances, along with estrus cycle impairment reassembly to obese-type PCOS phenotype. Moreover, glucose metabolism was impaired after addition of HFD to EV protocol, contrary to EV administered alone. Histological analysis confirmed more numerous cystic follicles after the combination of EV and HFD protocol. The alterations of oxidative stress markers could be related to and serve as the mechanistic base for development of PCOS-related endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic properties. Conclusions: The additive effect of EV and HFD was obvious in the majority of the parameters observed. Our study strongly demonstrated metabolic as well as reproductive properties of PCOS in rats.
Three-Dimensional Inversion of Induced Polarization Effects in Airborne Time Domain Electromagnetic Data Using the GEMTIP Model
Authors: Cox Leif H. , Zhdanov Michael S. , Pitcher Douglas H. , Niemi Jeremy
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the physical and mathematical principles of the airborne induced polarization (IP) method. The possibility of extracting information about the IP properties of rocks from airborne survey data has become a subject of active research recently. We introduce a method for the joint inversion of the airborne EM data into the electrical conductivity and IP parameters based on the generalized effective-medium theory of induced polarization (GEMTIP). We also present the results of the inversion of the airborne EM data collected over the Echum Project Area, in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, into 3D conductivity and chargeability models. Obtaining IP physical property models from an airborne geophysical survey may result in a paradigm change in mineral exploration by pulling more information and value from airborne EM surveys.
Electrochemical Behavior of β-Cyclodextrin-Ni-MOF-74/Reduced Graphene Oxide Sensors for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Rutin
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Mengting , Yang Pingping , Zhang Yin , Fei Junjie , Xie Yixi
Published: June 2023

Rutin, as a biological flavonoid glycoside, has very important medicinal value. The accurate and rapid detection of rutin is of great significance. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical rutin sensor based on β-cyclodextrin metal–organic framework/reduced graphene oxide (β-CD-Ni-MOF-74/rGO) was constructed. The obtained β-CD-Ni-MOF-74 was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nitrogen adsorption and desorption. The β-CD-Ni-MOF-74/rGO presented good electrochemical properties benefiting from the large specific surface area and good adsorption enrichment effect of β-CD-Ni-MOF-74 and the good conductivity of rGO. Under optimal conditions for the detection of rutin, the β-CD-Ni-MOF-74/rGO/GCE showed a wider linear range (0.06–1.0 μM) and lower detection limit (LOD, 0.68 nM, (S/N = 3)). Furthermore, the sensor shows good accuracy and stability for the detection of rutin in actual samples.
Binding Mechanism of CD47 with SIRPα Variants and Its Antibody: Elucidated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Huang Kaisheng , Liu Yi , Wen Shuixiu , Zhao Yuxin , Ding Hanjing , Liu Hui , Kong De-Xin
Published: June 2023

The intricate complex system of the differentiation 47 (CD47) and the signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) cluster is a crucial target for cancer immunotherapy. Although the conformational state of the CD47-SIRPα complex has been revealed through crystallographic studies, further characterization is needed to fully understand the binding mechanism and to identify the hot spot residues involved. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out for the complexes of CD47 with two SIRPα variants (SIRPαv1, SIRPαv2) and the commercially available anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody (B6H12.2). The calculated binding free energy of CD47-B6H12.2 is lower than that of CD47-SIRPαv1 and CD47-SIRPαv2 in all the three simulations, indicating that CD47-B6H12.2 has a higher binding affinity than the other two complexes. Moreover, the dynamical cross-correlation matrix reveals that the CD47 protein shows more correlated motions when it binds to B6H12.2. Significant effects were observed in the energy and structural analyses of the residues (Glu35, Tyr37, Leu101, Thr102, Arg103) in the C strand and FG region of CD47 when it binds to the SIRPα variants. The critical residues (Leu30, Val33, Gln52, Lys53, Thr67, Arg69, Arg95, and Lys96) were identified in SIRPαv1 and SIRPαv2, which surround the distinctive groove regions formed by the B2C, C’D, DE, and FG loops. Moreover, the crucial groove structures of the SIRPα variants shape into obvious druggable sites. The C’D loops on the binding interfaces undergo notable dynamical changes throughout the simulation. For B6H12.2, the residues Tyr32LC, His92LC, Arg96LC, Tyr32HC, Thr52HC, Ser53HC, Ala101HC, and Gly102HC in its initial half of the light and heavy chains exhibit obvious energetic and structural impacts upon binding with CD47. The elucidation of the binding mechanism of SIRPαv1, SIRPαv2, and B6H12.2 with CD47 could provide novel perspectives for the development of inhibitors targeting CD47-SIRPα.
Characterization of a Novel M4 PAM PET Radioligand [11C]PF06885190 in Nonhuman Primates (NHP)
Authors: Nag Sangram , Arakawa Ryosuke , Jia Zhisheng , Lachapelle Erik , Zhang Lei , Maresca Kevin , Chen Laigao , Jahan Mahabuba , Mccarthy Timothy , Halldin Christer
Published: June 2023

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), including M4, draw attention as therapeutic targets for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PET imaging of M4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) allows qualification of the distribution as well as the expression of this receptor under physiological conditions and thereby helps to assess the receptor occupancy (RO) of a drug candidate. In this study, our aims were (a) to synthesize a novel M4 PAM PET radioligand [11C]PF06885190 (b) to evaluate the brain distribution of [11C]PF06885190 in nonhuman primates (NHP) and (c) to analyze its radiometabolites in the blood plasma of NHP. Radiolabeling of [11C]PF06885190 was accomplished via N-methylation of the precursor. Six PET measurements were performed using two male cynomolgus monkeys, where three PET measurements were at baseline, two after pretreatment with a selective M4 PAM compound CVL-231 and one after pretreatment with donepezil. The total volume of distribution (VT) of [11C]PF06885190 was examined using Logan graphical analysis with arterial input function. Radiometabolites were analyzed in monkey blood plasma using gradient HPLC system. Radiolabeling of [11C]PF06885190 was successfully accomplished and the radioligand was found to be stable in the formulation, with radiochemical purity exceeding 99% 1 h after the end of the synthesis. [11C]PF06885190 was characterized in the cynomolgus monkey brain where a moderate brain uptake was found at the baseline condition. However, it showed fast wash-out as it dropped to half of the peak at around 10 min. Change of VT from baseline was around −10% after pretreatment with a M4 PAM, CVL-231. Radiometabolite studies showed relatively fast metabolism. Although sufficient brain uptake of [11C]PF06885190 was observed, these data suggest that [11C]PF06885190 might have too low specific binding in the NHP brain to be further applied in PET imaging.
Are (Co)Polymers of 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropene Possible?
Authors: Boschet Frédéric , Kostov Georgi , Raynova Hristina , Améduri Bruno
Published: June 2023

The copolymerization and terpolymerization of 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (PFP) with various combinations of fluorinated and hydrogenated comonomers were investigated. The chosen fluoromonomers were vinylidene fluoride (VDF), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (TFP), hexafluoropropene (HFP), perfluoromethylvinyl ether (PMVE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethacrylate (MAF-TBE), while the hydrocarbon comonomers were vinylene carbonate (VCA), ethyl vinyl ether (EVE) and 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (m-TMI). Copolymers of PFP with non-homopolymerizable monomers (HFP, PMVE and MAF-TBE) led to quite low yields, while the introduction of VDF enabled the synthesis of poly(PFP-ter-VDF-ter-M3) terpolymers with improved yields. PFP does not homopolymerize and delays the copolymerizations. All polymers were either amorphous fluoroelastomers or fluorothermoplastics with glass transition temperatures ranging from −56 °C to +59 °C, and they exhibited good thermal stability in air.
Assessing Boron-Pleuromutilin AN11251 for the Development of Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Han Ming-Jie , Pan Miaomiao , Xiao Genhui , Yuan Ying , Chen Shawn , Zou Zhiyang
Published: June 2023

Pleuromutilins are a group of antibiotics derived from the naturally occurring compound. The recent approval of lefamulin for both intravenous and oral doses in humans to treat community-acquired bacterial pneumonia has prompted investigations in modifying the structure to broaden the antibacterial spectrum, enhance the activity, and improve the pharmacokinetic properties. AN11251 is a C(14)-functionalized pleuromutilin with a boron-containing heterocycle substructure. It was demonstrated to be an anti-Wolbachia agent with therapeutic potential for Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. Here, the in vitro and in vivo PK parameters of AN11251 were measured including PPB, intrinsic clearance, half-life, systemic clearance, and volume of distribution. The results indicate that the benzoxaborole-modified pleuromutilin possesses good ADME and PK properties. AN11251 has potent activities against the Gram-positive bacterial pathogens tested, including various drug-resistant strains, and against the slow-growing mycobacterial species. Finally, we employed PK/PD modeling to predict the human dose for treatment of disease caused by Wolbachia, Gram-positive bacteria, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which might facilitate the further development of AN11251.
Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastics in Wild and Farmed Shrimps Collected from Cau Hai Lagoon, Central Vietnam
Authors: My Tran Thi Ai , Dat Nguyen Duy , Hung Nguyen Quoc
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tracts (GT) and tissues of four common shrimps (including two wild-caught shrimps and two farmed shrimps) collected from a high-diversity lagoon in central Vietnam. The numbers of MP items in greasy-back shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis), green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus), white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), determined per weight and individual, were 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.4, and 0.5 ± 0.3 (items/g-ww), and 2.5 ± 0.5, 2.3 ± 0.7, 8.6 ± 3.5, 7.7 ± 3.5 (items/individual), respectively. The concentration of microplastics in the GT samples was significantly higher than that in the tissue samples (p < 0.05). The number of microplastics in the farmed shrimp (white-leg shrimp and black tiger shrimp) was statistically significantly higher than the number of microplastics in the wild-caught shrimp (greasy-back and green tiger shrimps) (p <0.05). Fibers and fragments were the dominant shapes of the MPs, followed by pellets, and these accounted for 42–69%, 22–57%, and 0–27% of the total microplastics, respectively. The chemical compositions determined using FTIR confirmed six polymers, in which rayon was the most abundant polymer, accounting for 61.9% of the MPs found, followed by polyamide (10.5%), PET (6.7%), polyethylene (5.7%), polyacrylic (5.8%), and polystyrene (3.8%). As the first investigation on the MPs in shrimps from Cau Hai Lagoon, central Vietnam, this study provides useful information on the occurrences and characteristics of the microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts and tissues of four shrimp species that live in different living conditions.
Quantitative Evaluation of Interleukin-4 by Immunowall Devices Made of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel
Authors: Banno Yuto , Nomiyama Takuma , Okuno Shoma , Ide Sachiko , Kaji Noritada
Published: June 2023

Immunoassays, which use antigen–antibody reactions, are the primary techniques used to selectively quantify specific disease markers in blood. Conventional immunoassays, such as the microplate-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and paper-based immunochromatography, are widely used, but they have advantages and disadvantages in terms of sensitivity and operating time. Therefore, in recent years, microfluidic-chip-based immunoassay devices with high sensitivity, rapidity and simplicity, which are compatible with whole blood assays and multiplex assays, have been actively investigated. In this study, we developed a microfluidic device using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to form a wall-like structure in a microfluidic channel and perform immunoassays inside the wall-like structure, which can be used for rapid and highly sensitive multiplex assays with extremely small sample amounts of ~1 μL. The characteristics of GelMA hydrogel, such as swelling rate, optical absorption and fluorescence spectra, and morphology, were carefully studied to adapt the iImmunowall device and immunoassay. Using this device, a quantitative analysis of interleukin-4 (IL-4), a biomarker of chronic inflammatory diseases, was performed and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.98 ng/mL was achieved with only 1 μL sample and 25 min incubation time. The superior optical transparency over a wide range of wavelengths and lack of autofluorescence will help to expand the application field of the iImmunowall device, such as to a simultaneous multiple assay in a single microfluidic channel, and provide a fast and cost-effective immunoassay method.
A Custom Solution for Acoustic Startle Response Setup with Spike2-Based Data Acquisition Interface
Authors: Pelevin Arseniy , Kurzina Natalia , Zavialov Vladislav , Volnova Anna
Published: June 2023

This article presents a low-cost and flexible software solution for acoustic startle response (ASR) test that can be used with a Spike2-based interface. ASR is a reflexive response to an unexpected, loud acoustic stimulus, and prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a phenomenon in which the startle response is reduced when preceded by a weak prestimulus of the same modality. Measuring PPI is important because changes in PPI have been observed in patients with various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Commercial ASR testing systems are expensive, and their closed source code affects their transparency and result reproducibility. The proposed software is easy to install and use. The Spike2 script is customizable and supports a wide range of PPI protocols. As an example of PPI recording, the article presents data obtained in female rats, both wild-type (WT) and dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO), showing the same tendency as the data obtained in males, with ASR on a single pulse higher than ASR on prepulse+pulse, and PPI reduced in DAT-KO rats compared to WT.
Potential of 3D Hierarchical Porous TiO2-Graphene Aerogel (TiO2-GA) as Electrocatalyst Support for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Osman Siti Hasanah , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Basri Sahriah , Karim Nabila A.
Published: June 2023

Fuel cells have already demonstrated their potential for green energy generation. However, the low reaction performance becomes an obstacle in terms of large-scale commercial manufacturing. Accordingly, this work focuses on a new unique fabrication of three-dimensional pore hierarchy TiO2-graphene aerogel (TiO2-GA) supporting PtRu catalyst for anodic catalyst direct methanol fuel cell, which is facile, ecologically benign, and economical. In this work, a hydrothermal technique was used, followed by a freeze-drying technique and a microwave-assisted ethylene reduction technique. The structural properties of the studied materials were confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy, XRD, Raman spectrum, FESEM TEM, and XPS. Based on existing structural advantages, the performance of PtRu/TiO2-GA has been investigated on DMFC anode catalysts. Furthermore, electrocatalytic stability performance with the same loading (~20%) was compared to commercial PtRu/C. Experimental outcomes show that the TiO2-GA support offered a significantly high surface area value of 68.44 m2g−1, mass activity/specific activity (608.17 mAmg−1/0.45 mA/cm2PtRu) that is higher than commercial PtRu/C (79.11 mAmg−1/0.19 mA/cm2PtRu). In passive DMFC mode, PtRu/TiO2-GA showed a maximum power density of 3.1 mW cm−2, which is 2.6 times higher than that of the PtRu/C commercial electrocatalyst. This suggests that PtRu/TiO2-GA has a promising possibility for methanol oxidation and may be used as an anodic element in DMFC.
State of the Art of Continuous and Atomistic Modeling of Electromechanical Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Barettin Daniele
Published: June 2023

The main intent of this paper is to present an exhaustive description of the most relevant mathematical models for the electromechanical properties of heterostructure quantum dots. Models are applied both to wurtzite and zincblende quantum dot due to the relevance they have shown for optoelectronic applications. In addition to a complete overview of the continuous and atomistic models for the electromechanical fields, analytical results will be presented for some relevant approximations, some of which are unpublished, such as models in cylindrical approximation or a cubic approximation for the transformation of a zincblende parametrization to a wurtzite one and vice versa. All analytical models will be supported by a wide range of numerical results, most of which are also compared with experimental measurements.
Knowing Is Not Doing: A Qualitative Study of Parental Views on Family Beverage Choice
Authors: Newman Chelsea M. , Zoellner Jamie , Schwartz Marlene B. , Peña Joseph , Wiseman Kimberly D. , Skelton Joseph A. , Shin Tiffany M. , Lewis Kristina H.
Published: June 2023

Objective: Sugary drink consumption is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, highlighting the need for scalable family interventions that address barriers to water consumption. To inform development of a scalable, health-care-system-based intervention targeting family beverage choice, a formative qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with parents whose children were identified as over-consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and/or fruit juice (FJ). The first goal of these interviews was to understand, in a diverse real-world patient population, what parents viewed as the primary drivers of their family’s beverage choices, and explore how these drivers might need to be addressed in order to make changes to beverage consumption. A second goal was to explore parental preferences for planned intervention components. An exploratory goal of the interviews was to examine whether knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs around family beverage choice differed across racial and ethnic groups in this sample. Design: Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted and interviews audio-recorded and transcribed. Participants: 39 parents/caregivers of children ages 1–8 who over-consumed sugary drinks as determined by screenings at pediatric visits. Phenomenon of Interest: Parents were interviewed about family beverage choices and preferences to inform development of a multi-component intervention. Analysis: Thematic analysis was performed, including comparison of themes across racial/ethnic groups. Results: Parents expressed that sugary drinks were unhealthy and water was a better alternative. Most were familiar with the health consequences of excess sugar consumption. They identified many reasons why sugary drinks are chosen over water despite this knowledge. One common reason was concern about tap water safety. Few differences were noted across racial and ethnic groups in our sample. Parents were enthusiastic about a technology-based intervention to be delivered through their child’s doctor’s office. Conclusions and Implications: Knowledge is not enough to change behavior. Beverage interventions need to be easy to access, make water more appealing, and elevate beverage choice above the “white noise” of everyday life. Delivering an intervention in a clinical setting could provide an extra level of care, while technology would reduce the amount of live contact and decrease the burden for clinicians and parents.
Higher Overall Intakes Are the Defining Feature of Dietary Intakes in NAFLD and Compared to the General Population
Authors: Properzi Catherine , Adams Leon A. , Lo Johnny , Sherriff Jill L. , Jeffrey Gary P. , O’Sullivan Therese A.
Published: June 2023

We aimed to compare the dietary intakes of Australian patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to general Australian population intake data and determine whether the intake of any nutrient or food group was able to predict the degree of steatosis. Dietary data from fifty adult patients with NAFLD were compared to intake data from the Australian Health Survey for energy, macronutrients, fat sub-types, alcohol, iron, folate, sugar, fibre, sodium and caffeine. Linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, physical activity and body mass index) were used to examine predictive relationships between hepatic steatosis (quantified via magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and dietary components. The mean percentage differences between NAFLD and Australian usual intakes were significant for energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (all p < 0.001). The contribution of fat and protein to total energy intake was significantly higher in the NAFLD cohort (p < 0.05). No individual nutrients or food groups were strongly related to hepatic fat in the adjusted models. Higher overall consumption appears to be a major feature of dietary intake in NAFLD when compared to the general population. A whole-diet approach to NAFLD treatment and prevention is likely to be more effective than focusing on single food components.
CLEAR Strategy Inhibited HSV Proliferation Using Viral Vectors Delivered CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Ying Min , Wang Huadong , Liu Tongtan , Han Zengpeng , Lin Kunzhang , Shi Qing , Zheng Ning , Ye Tao , Gong Huinan , Xu Fuqiang
Published: June 2023

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a leading cause of encephalitis and infectious blindness. The commonly used clinical therapeutic drugs are nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir. However, current drugs for HSV cannot eliminate the latent virus or viral reactivation. Therefore, the development of new treatment strategies against latent HSV has become an urgent need. To comprehensively suppress the proliferation of HSV, we designed the CLEAR strategy (coordinated lifecycle elimination against viral replication). VP16, ICP27, ICP4, and gD—which are crucial genes that perform significant functions in different stages of the HSV infection lifecycle—were selected as targeting sites based on CRISPR-Cas9 editing system. In vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that genome editing by VP16, ICP27, ICP4 or gD single gene targeting could effectively inhibit HSV replication. Moreover, the combined administration method (termed “Cocktail”) showed superior effects compared to single gene editing, which resulted in the greatest decrease in viral proliferation. Lentivirus-delivered CRISPR-Cas9/gRNA editing could effectively block HSV replication. The CLEAR strategy may provide new insights into the potential treatment of refractory HSV-1-associated diseases, particularly when conventional approaches have encountered resistance.
High-Density Lipoprotein in Metabolic Disorders and Beyond: An Exciting New World Full of Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Zvintzou Evangelia , Xepapadaki Eva , Skroubis George , Mparnia Victoria , Giannatou Katerina , Benabdellah Karim , Kypreos Kyriakos E.
Published: June 2023

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an enigmatic member of the plasma lipid and lipoprotein transport system, best known for its ability to promote the reverse cholesterol efflux and the unloading of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. More recently, data in experimental mice and humans suggest that HDL may play important novel roles in other physiological processes associated with various metabolic disorders. Important parameters in the HDL functions are its apolipoprotein and lipid content, further reinforcing the principle that HDL structure defines its functionality. Thus, based on current evidence, low levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) or dysfunctional HDL particles contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, low levels of HDL-C and dysfunctional HDL particles are observed in patients with multiple myeloma and other types of cancer. Therefore, adjusting HDL-C levels within the optimal range and improving HDL particle functionality is expected to benefit such pathological conditions. The failure of previous clinical trials testing various HDL-C-raising pharmaceuticals does not preclude a significant role for HDL in the treatment of atherosclerosis and related metabolic disorders. Those trials were designed on the principle of “the more the better”, ignoring the U-shape relationship between HDL-C levels and morbidity and mortality. Thus, many of these pharmaceuticals should be retested in appropriately designed clinical trials. Novel gene-editing-based pharmaceuticals aiming at altering the apolipoprotein composition of HDL are expected to revolutionize the treatment strategies, improving the functionality of dysfunctional HDL.
Nanoparticles in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Almeida Hugo , Silva Ana Catarina
Published: June 2023

Conventional ophthalmic formulations lack a prolonged drug release effect and mucoadhesive properties, decreasing their residence time in the precorneal area and, therefore, in drug penetration across ocular tissues, presenting low bioavailability with a consequent reduction in therapeutic efficacy [...]
Influence of Varying Concentrations of Epoxy, Rice Husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 on the Properties of Brake Friction Materials Prepared Using Hand Layup Method
Authors: Irawan Agustinus Purna , Fitriyana Deni Fajar , Siregar Januar Parlaungan , Cionita Tezara , Anggarina Paula Tjatoerwidya , Utama Didi Widya , Rihayat Teuku , Rusiyanto Rusiyanto , Dimyati Saeful , Aripin Muhammad Bustanul , Ismail Rifky , Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto , Baskara Gregorius Dimas , Khafidh Muhammad , Putera Finny Pratama , Yotenka Rahmadi
Published: June 2023

Brake friction materials (BFMs) have a critical role in ensuring the safety as well as the reliability of automotive braking systems. However, traditional BFMs, typically made from asbestos, are associated with environmental and health concerns. Therefore, this results in a growing interest in developing alternative BFMs that are eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective. This study investigates the effect of varying concentrations of epoxy, rice husk, alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3) on the mechanical and thermal properties of BFMs prepared using the hand layup method. In this study, the rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 were filtered through a 200-mesh sieve. Note that the BFMs were fabricated using different combinations and concentrations of the materials. Their mechanical properties, such as density, hardness, flexural strength, wear resistance, and thermal properties, were investigated. The results suggest that the concentrations of the ingredients significantly influence the mechanical and thermal properties of the BFMs. A specimen made from epoxy, rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 with concentrations of 50 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 15 wt.%, respectively, produced the best properties for BFMs. On the other hand, the density, hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate values of this specimen were 1.23 g/cm3, 81.2 Vickers (HV), 57.24 MPa, 4.08 GPa, and 8.665 × 10−7 mm2/kg. In addition, this specimen had better thermal properties than the other specimens. These findings provide valuable insights into developing eco-friendly and sustainable BFMs with suitable performance for automotive applications.
Emission and Mechanical Properties of Glass and Cellulose Fiber Reinforced Bio-Polyamide Composites
Authors: Wolff Susanne , Rüppel Annette , Rida Hassan Ali , Heim Hans-Peter
Published: June 2023

Climate change, access, and monopolies to raw material sources as well as politically motivated trade barriers are among the factors responsible for a shortage of raw materials. In the plastics industry, resource conservation can be achieved by substituting commercially available petrochemical-based plastics with components made from renewable raw materials. Innovation potentials are often not used due to a lack of information on the use of bio-based materials, efficient processing methods, and product technologies or because the costs for new developments are too high. In this context, the use of renewable resources such as fiber-reinforced polymeric composites based on plants has become an important criterion for the development and production of components and products in all industrial sectors. Bio-based engineering thermoplastics with cellulose fibers can be used as substitutes because of their higher strength and heat resistance, but the processing of this composite is still challenging. In this study, composites were prepared and investigated using bio-based polyamide (PA) as a polymer matrix in combination with a cellulosic fiber and, for comparison purposes, a glass fiber. A co-rotating twin-screw extruder was used to produce the composites with different fiber contents. For the mechanical properties, tensile tests and charpy impact tests were performed. Compared to glass fiber, reinforced PA 6.10 and PA 10.10, a significantly higher elongation at break with regenerated cellulose fibers, can be achieved. PA 6.10 and PA 10.10 achieve significantly higher impact strengths with the regenerated cellulose fibers than the composites with glass fibers. In the future, bio-based products will also be used in indoor applications. For characterization, the VOC emission GC-MS analysis and odor evaluation methods were used. The VOC emissions (quantitative) were at a low level but the results of the odor tests of selected samples showed values mostly above the required limit values.
Transreligiosity and Religious Revitalization in Modern Greece: Bridging Religion and Science through Geomythology
Authors: Fotiou Evgenia
Published: June 2023

This article examines the revitalization of the ancient Greek religion in modern Greece and the way some of its adherents approach mythology. This religious movement challenges the dominant religious discourse in modern Greece by claiming legitimacy through indigeneity, while making important arguments regarding the perceived spiritual and value crisis in their culture. At a time that right-wing extremisms and fundamentalisms are rising globally, this religious movement places emphasis on worldview and imagines a kind of citizen who engages with universal ideals while maintaining a strong connection to a unique ethnic identity. At the same time, Ethnikoi Hellenes challenge prevailing understandings of religion by making ‘logos’ or reason central to their theology. Thus, they challenge the association of Indigenous religions with “irrationality”, while pointing out the inconsistencies and irrationalities of monotheistic religions, which they consider responsible for the widespread “cultural” crisis facing humanity. The example of one group’s engagement with geomythology has been used to demonstrate that they do not conceive religion and science as contradictory but complementary, thus exhibiting transreligiosity.
Pantheism, Omnisubjectivity, and the Feeling of Temporal Passage
Authors: Buckareff Andrei A.
Published: June 2023

By “pantheism” I mean to pick out a model of God on which God is identical with the totality of existents constitutive of the universe. I assume that, on pantheism, God is an omnispatiotemporal mind who is identical with the universe. I assume that, given divine omnispatiotemporality, God knows everything that can be known in the universe. This includes having knowledge de se of the minds of every conscious creature. Hence, if God has knowledge de se of the minds of every conscious creature, then divine omniscience implies omnisubjectivity. Assuming that eternalism is true, robust temporal passage is an illusion. But, conscious creatures, such as human persons, experience robust temporal passage. If God has the attribute of omnisubjectivity, then God experiences temporal passage. However, God also has a unified experience of the entire spatiotemporal continuum. God’s having these two perspectives creates a tension for pantheism given that God would seem to experience both temporal passage and an absence of temporal passage. I compare non-personal pantheism and personal pantheism and consider which one has better resources to answer the foregoing puzzle. I argue that personal pantheism is better equipped to address this problem than non-personal pantheism.