bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hydrodynamic model coupled multiple scenarios for plain river network and its application
Authors: Zeng Zhiqiang , Liang Ji , Yang Mingxiang , Zeng Zhaocai , Lang Yu
Published: December 2018

The plain river network is not only complex in shape but also contains many complex scenarios, such as interval inflow and outflow, hydraulic structures and water storage area, etc., which increases the difficulty of runoff simulation in plain river network. To address this problem, a hydrodynamic (HD) model coupled multiple scenarios that may occur in plain river network was proposed, which was used to simulate the runoff process of the plain river network. To illustrate the proposed model, Xi River was chosen as a study area. We designed some experiments for each scenario, and the experimental results show that simulation results have good consistency with the observation. It is worth noting that the simulation accuracy of the water level is always higher than the simulation accuracy of the flow. Moreover, the runoff simulation accuracy of runoff events with large runoff is relatively high. It turns out that HD model is suitable for runoff simulation of plain river network. In addition, we compared the flood diversion effects of water storage area and sluice, and the results show that the effect of water storage area is more obvious than sluice, and the flood diversion method combined with sluice and water storage area has better flood diversion effect. In conclusion, HD model is good at simulating floodplain storage effects, backwater and the change of water level and flow under the condition of engineering dispatching, which has important guiding significance for flood control in plain river network.
Radar based rainfall nowcasting and its characteristic prediction based on spatially correlated random field, normalized duration line and Kalman filter algorithm
Authors: He Ting , Zhang Chao , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2018

Rainfall is not only one of the most natural processes on the earth, but also an important factor of flood generation. Precise rainfall nowcasting can give an effective warning before hazards occur. This paper presented an ensemble nowcasting methodology which combined two deterministic nowcasting methods: PIV_Semi-Lagrangian and PIV_Lagrangian-Persistence and the spatial correlated random error field. For the deterministic nowcasting methods, the past velocity fields were estimated by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method and the advection fields were extrapolated by Semi-Lagrange and Lagrange-Persistence schemes separately, then the forecasted errors at former time step were simulated by the spatially correlated random error field and were added to the next forecasting steps. Additionally, a predicting method for rain field property was proposed and a Kalman filter algorithm was also implemented for rain field’s centre of mass prediction. The methodology was applied to 8 historical rainfall events occurred in North Rhine Westphalia (NRW), Germany by using high-resolution rainfall data acquired from C-band Essen radar belonging German Weather Service (DWD). Results showed that the promoted ensemble nowcasting methods and the rain field property predicting methods improved the forecasting accuracy obviously which confirmed their effectiveness.
Linear Quadratic Optimal Controller Design for Constant Downstream Water-Level PI Feedback Control of Open-Canal Systems
Authors: Zhong Ke , Guan Guanghua , Mao Zhonghao , Liao Wenjun , Xiao Changcheng , Su Haiwang
Published: December 2018

The key point of PI feedback control is how to design appropriate controller parameters. This paper combined the linear quadratic optimizing control theory to design an online controller for constant downstream water-level operation which could respond to different working condition properly and rapidly avoiding complex controller parameters adjusting. Based on the Integrator-Delay (ID) model simplified from Saint-Venant Equations, we established the discretized linear time invariant system of canals. Then transferred it into the state-space equations and obtained the state-feedback equation. Water level deviations and flow rate increments were chosen to form the objective function and this paper recommended values ofQandRweight matrices among it should be set according to the optimum quadratic form indicators correspondingly. This controller was applied to two practical canal systems which had diverse scales. Results showed the system under control quickly regained stability; optimizing the objective function with recommended weight matrices could well balance demands on water level deviations and flow rate changes; dynamic performances of water movements and gate movements were acceptable. Through simulations, we preliminarily proved the practicability of this online PI controller implementing LQR. This work proposed an available solutions for the design and operation of water conveyance systems around the world.
Storm Water and Contamination Control Efficiency Evaluation for Construction of a Neighborhood Project Using Low Impact Development
Authors: Liu Bing , Xie Gang , Wang Yousheng , Yin Xiaolin , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2018

Urban flooding and water pollution are urgent problems to be solved in urban development. The improvement of urban drainage and water quality in urban construction using ecological measures is an important research task. Low impact development (LID) is a new concept in soil and water conservation aimed at improving urban rainwater use and reducing non-point source pollution. This paper discusses the best management practices (BMPs) related to storm water and contamination control efficiency by comparing pre-development and post-development neighborhoods (both conventional and LID designs). The study area was Weatherford, Oklahoma, United States. The results showed that conventional design had the lowest total runoff but highest peak rate, infiltration trenches with rain barrels were more efficient than bioswales, and the use of LID design would reduce total runoff and peak rate significantly. However, LID design would increase construction and annual maintenance fees.
The research status of flash flood warning in China
Authors: Keke Zhao , Dingzhi Peng , Yu Gu , Chuting Fan
Published: December 2018

The article discusses from the disaster mechanism of flash flood to the current situation of early warning system. The formation of flash flood is closely related to rainfall intensity, underlying surface conditions and antecedent soil moisture content, and analysis of the physical process of flash flood disasters is crucial for the study of flash flood warning. Flash flood disaster warning indexes are mainly divided into two types: rainfall warning index and water level warning index. Data-driven statistical induction method and hydro-hydraulic methods based on physical mechanisms are used to determine rainfall warning index; The water level warning index can be directly determined by the upstream and downstream corresponding water level method or by the disaster water level. And summed up the current situation and development trend of China's flash flood warning research.
Relationship Analysis between Runoff of Dadu River Basin and El Niño
Authors: Zou Zujian , He Yubin
Published: December 2018

The Dadu River Basin is located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. It is alternately affected by various weather systems such as the western Pacific subtropical high, the Qinghai-Tibet high (anti-cyclone), the southwest warm and humid air current, and the southeast monsoon. The western Pacific subtropical high is one of the main influencing factors of rainfall runoff in the basin. During the El Niño period, the western Pacific subtropical high moved eastward and the position was southward. The warm and humid airflow and the southeast monsoon northward changed, and the rainfall runoff in the Dadu River Basin changed.By analyzing the development of the El Niño phenomenon, Divide an El Niño process into different stages of occurrence, development, and end. Combining the characteristics of the Dadu River runoff in each stage, Studying the runoff situation of the Dadu River Basin under different strengths and weaknesses of the El Niño phenomenon. Using the correlation method to establish a model of the relationship between the abundance of the Dadu River Basin and the El Niño strength and weakness. Providing new ideas and new methods for the accurate prediction of the incoming water of the Dadu River under the abnormal climatic conditions of El Niño. It provides technical support for reservoir dispatching, flood control dispatching and economic dispatching of cascade hydropower stations, and provides experience for other river basins to cope with complex climate situations and improve water regime forecasting levels.
Evaluation Method and Empirical Research of Regional Water-Energy-Food Synergetic Development
Authors: Jiang Guiqin , Zhao Maihuan , Su Qiong , He Yiqing
Published: December 2018

Regional water-energy-food (WEF) synergetic development evaluation is an important prerequisite for promoting regional cooperative security development effectively. Under the framework of regional WEF nexus system, the concept of regional WEF synergetic development was proposed based on the synergetic theory, and evaluation index system was constructed from the aspects of function, structure and efficiency. The development degree was evaluated by measuring the gap between the existing state and the ideal state based on the distance synergy method. Considering the synergy relationship between each subsystem, the grey correlation analysis method was used to determine the pull factors between each subsystem, and then the synergy degree was calculated. The synergetic development degree was calculated by integrating development degree and synergy degree. This method was used to analyse the WEF synergy development degree of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China from 2001 to 2015. The results show that the WEF synergetic development of Ningxia was increasing but still at a low level, food subsystem had significant pull function to the water and energy subsystems. While improving the development degree of each subsystem, Ningxia needs to strengthen the collaborative development among the subsystems to improve the synergetic development of regional water, energy and food.
Impacts of climate change on water resources in the Huaihe River Basin
Authors: kai Wang , mingkai Qian , shijing Xu , shuxian Liang , hongyu Chen , youbin Hu , cui Su , mengjie Zhao , wenjie Li , jingteng Wang
Published: December 2018

The Huaihe river basin, located in the transitional area of the humid zone to the semi arid zone, is a subtropical monsoon zone. By analysis of historical observation data, the annual average surface temperature increased by 0.5℃ over the past 50 years. However, the precipitation showed a fluctuation trend. Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of Huaihe River Basin, this paper studies impacts of climate change on water resources in Huaihe basin by using the Xinanjiang monthly hydrological model in conjunction with prediction products of NCAR climate model. The results show that the precipitation in the basin had a fluctuating upward trend under RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios, and the increase or decrease trend of precipitation in RCP2.6 scenario is not significant. The model predicted that the temperature of the river basin in the 3 scenarios shows significant rising trend from year 2001 to 2100. However, the annual runoff of the Huaihe River Basin shows an increasing trend but not significant from year 2001 to 2100.
Flood and Waterlogging Disaster Management System in Shenzhen River Basin
Authors: LIU Guozhen , ZHANG Qinfeng , PENG Shi , LIU Pei
Published: December 2018

In recent years, "see the sea" in the rainy season has become a high frequency event in cities. Urban flood and waterlogging which are increasing day by day has influenced residents' lives seriously especially in large cities with high population aggregation. As a coastal city with low altitude, Shenzhen, where has a high requirement for the urban drainage system, not only has to face abundant in rainfall but also has to cope with the tide. In this paper, the disaster reduction systems such as rainwater collection, drainage system, flood storage and detention basin, reservoirs and pumping station in the Shenzhen River basin are analyzed and the operation effect is studied. In general, the flood management system of overall planning, emergency scheduling, preparation before flood, key area on duty, and post-rain response has achieved a high level and played an active role in disaster prevention and reduction. The conclusions that Shenzhen River basin has a complete and efficient system of urban flood and waterlogging management, the rainwater collecting and discharging system can meet the requirement of the city and modern design concepts of blocking, storaging, draining, pumping, scheduling which have effectively reduced the disaster have been come.
Synchronous-Asynchronous Encounter Probability Analysis of High-Low Runoff for Jinsha River, China, using Copulas*
Authors: Jing CHEN , Shixiang GU , Tianli ZHANG
Published: December 2018

Synchronous-asynchronous encounter probability analysis of high-low runoff, which requires a description of the probabilistic properties of hydrological variables, is important in regional water resources management. This study aims to investigate this encounter probability for Jinsha River and its tributary Yalong River in southwest China. A bivariate distribution is used to model the runoff variables of the two rivers based on Copula theory. The Copula is a function that links the univariate marginal distributions to form the bivariate distribution. The bivariate distribution is then employed to determine joint and conditional probabilities. The study results indicate the encounter probability of mainstream runoff and tributary runoff in different periods, also illustrate the mainstream runoff distribution under the condition of knowing the tributary runoff distribution.
Research Progress on Causes and natural cut-off of distorted river bends
Authors: Wanjie ZHAO , Linjuan XU , Junhua LI , Yuanjian WANG , Enhui JIANG
Published: December 2018

In recent years, the distorted river bends occurs frequently in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the critical catastrophe occurs of natural cut-off under the action of flood scouring during flood season, which directly affects the plane shape of the river channel and the flood control safety of local reach. By collecting a large number of literature and combining existing research results, the causes of the deformed rivers and the natural cutting phenomenon are reviewed. The formation of the distorted river bends is mainly related to the incompatibility of the upstream water and sediment inflow conditions with the river boundary conditions, the formation of local anti-scour nodes (such as clay mouth) and the emergence or control engineering, and the different anti-scour properties of the riverbed leading to the main stream swing. In the development and evolution process of river bays, natural cutting curve occupies an important position, and there are three typical forms, such as erosion ditch type, bank collapsing type and die cutting type, and its cutting ratio is 1.6-6.9. In the future, we should study the composition of the river bed, study the causes and mechanism of the abnormal river regime in the lower Yellow River more deeply, predict the trend of the abnormal river regime scientifically, and evaluate the damage.
Study on the Separate Characteristics of Oil Spill Driven by Combined Water and Wind in Braided Rivers
Authors: Mu Jie , Liu Xiaoqing , Ma Chao , Wu Binbin , Shen Ruozhu , Yu Haijun , Zhang Hongbin
Published: December 2018

In general, there are many bifurcations in natural rivers. When the oil spilled accident occurred at the upstream of bifurcation and was not controlled in time, the pollution scale would be expanded and the treatment would become harder as the oil slick entered into braided river driven by combined water and wind. To Study the separate law at the bifurcation in rivers, a two-dimensional numerical simulation model of oil spilled was established by oil particle model theory on the basis of two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The quantitative relationship between the oil separate ratio and the flux ratio, velocity ratio, width ratio was obtained driven by water. The wind effect on the proportion of oil separate was also discussed based on the oil spilled numerical simulation. This study will provide technical support for forecast and response of oil pollution in braided rivers.
Application of Grey Clustering Method Based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process in Water Quality Evaluation
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang Xu , Zhang Xinhua , Li Haichen , Lei Xiaohui , Wang Hao , Wang Lixin
Published: December 2018

To highlight the differences in water quality impacts of different indicators in water samples, this paper proposes a grey clustering method based on improved analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the quality of surface water. According to the pollution degree of different indicators in the water quality sample, the importance score is assigned, and the weight of different indicators is calculated by the analytic hierarchy process. The weight participates in the calculation of the grey clustering coefficient, and the evaluated water quality category considers the difference of the contribution rate of different pollutant indicators. The water quality samples of three water periods (Abundant, Normal, and Poor water flow periods) in the four sections of Qingshui River in Duyun City (Tea garden, Youhang, Yingpan and Jiadeng) were selected for evaluation, and the conventional grey clustering method and single factor method were used. The evaluation results were compared and analyzed. The evaluation results show that the improved grey clustering method is more scientific and reasonable and can provide a basis for water quality assessment and water environment management of water environment management departments.
Long-term runoff prediction for reservoir based on Mahalanobis distance discrimination
Authors: Cheng Zhongliang , Liu Yong , Gao Cheng , Hu Jian , Cui Tingting
Published: December 2018

An accurate and timely forecast of medium and long-term runoff forecast is of great significance to reservoir safety and water resources scheduling. In order to improve the long-term runoff forecast accuracy of the reservoir, a long-term runoff forecasting model was constructed based on the principle of Mahalanobis distance discrimination analysis. The data sequence from 1952 to 2008 of Danjiangkou reservoir was selected, the correlation coefficient method and AIC criterion were used to sift out the highly correlated and independent factors, a long-term runoff forecasting model was constructed based on the principle of Mahalanobis distance discrimination analysis. The result showed that under the permutation error of 10%，the pass rate during the simulation period was 93.9%, and the pass rate during the inspection period was 87.5%. The research results serve as a reference for the operation of Danjiangkou reservoir.
Analysis on the evolution trend of water resources and water environment in Xiangjiang River basin
Authors: Xu Xingyi , Xiao Chuqiu , Hu Chunyan , Li Guiyuan , Gao Xiang , He Huaiguang , Wang Xinkui , Pan Yuqi
Published: December 2018

According to the daily flow data collected by three representative hydrological stations in the Xiangjiang River basin which are the Guiyang station in the upstream section, the Hengshan station in the midstream section, and the Xiangtan station in the downstream section, and the water environment data collected from the Hunan Water Resources Bulletin, Mann-Kendal method was used to analyze the changes of the annual average flow of the Xiangjiang River basin in the past 20 years as well as the variation of water environment quality in the whole year, flood season and non-flood season. Based on these analysis, the evolution trend of water resources and water environment in the Xiangjiang River basin is further forecasted. The results show that the annual runoff of the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River basin tends to be stable, and the runoff of the middle and lower reaches is decreasing. The water quality of the Xiangjiang River basin got deteriorated from 1996 to 2010. A sudden change occurred around 2012, and the water quality of the basin gradually improved.
Research and Analysis on Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization Technology of Unattended Substation
Authors: Cheng Nan , Xing Lin , Zhang Zheng , Liu Xuan , Zhang Hongmei
Published: December 2018

The rainwater collection and utilization technology in substation was investigated, and then a novel water-saving technology system for green substations is presented in this paper. A 220kV substation was chosen as the example to analyze the system. The results showed that it can save 278.5m³ water resource. It can provide important reference for rainwater collection and utilization in unattended substation.
Multi-objective Dispatching Benefit Evaluation System for Cascade Hydropower Stations
Authors: Xie Diya , Chen Shijun , Huang Weibin , Ma Guangwen , Chen Jieyao
Published: December 2018

In order to master the dispatching level of cascade hydropower stations and guide them to know how to operate in the future, based on the analysis of the factors affecting the dispatching results, a multiobjective evaluation system of power generation, flood regulation, ecology and water supply, which combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, is constructed in this paper. The AHP method is used to solve the problem of determining the weights among the factors and the evaluation criteria. The quasi part adopts the idea of frequency division calculation to divide the evaluation grade scale. The final evaluation index system is more comprehensive and representative, the evaluation process is intuitive and easy to operate, easy to put into practical application
A Case Study On Zoning And Construction Of Roller-Compacted-Concrete Gravity Dams
Authors: Qin Genquan , Chen Yangxian
Published: December 2018

In order to make full use of the concrete strength, reduce the amount of cementitious materials and simplify the temperature control measures, a roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam needs to be zoned reasonably in consideration of locations and working conditions. Taking the RCC gravity dam of Wuxikou hydropower project in Jiangxi province, this article specifies the zonation design, the problems encountered during construction stage and the corresponding measures. The results indicate that the zonation and the construction schemes of the RCC gravity dam can greatly reduce the amount of cementitious materials, improve the level of mechanization in construction, and thus accelerate the construction progress, reduce the project cost. It not only ensures the quality and safety of the project, but also achieves obvious economic benefits. It can be an important reference for zonation design and construction of similar projects.
Uplink Resource Allocation in Device-to-Device Communication System
Authors: Han Xiuwei , Song Xin , Li Dong , Wang Jingpu
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we study uplink resource allocation problem to maximize the overall system capacity while guaranteeing the signal-to-noise ratio of both D2D users and cellular users (CUs). The optimization problem can be decomposed into two subproblems: power control and channel assignment. We first prove that the objective function of power control problem is a convex function to get the optimal transmit power. Then, we design an optimal selection algorithm for channel assignment. Numerical results reveal the proposed scheme is capable of improving the system’s performance compared with the random selection algorithm.
Do tracking by clustering anchors output from region proposal network
Authors: Wang Yanke , Zhu Qidan , Nie Wenchang , Xiao Hong
Published: December 2018

Most existing clustering algorithms suffer from the computation of similarity function and the representation of each object. In this paper, we propose a clustering tracker based on region proposal network (RPN-C) to do tracking by clustering anchors output by region proposal network into potential centers. We first cut off the second part of Faster RCNN and then cast clustering algorithms in feature space of anchors, including K-Means, mean shift and density peak clustering strategy in terms of anchors’ centroid and scale information. Without fully connected layers, the RPN-C tracker can lower the computational cost up to 60% and still, it can effectively maintain an accurate prediction for the localization in next frame. To evaluate the robustness of this tracker, we establish a dataset containing over 2000 training images and 7 testing sequences of 8 kinds of fruits. The experimental results on our own datasets demonstrate that the proposed tracker performs excellently both in location of object and the decision of scale and has a strong advantage of stability in the context of occlusion and complicated background.
Analysis of Power Network Behavior Security Analysis Technology
Authors: Fan Kai , Yang Hang , Xu Aidong
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, network information technology is widely applied to various enterprise departments. In order to meet the increasing social needs, power companies have also built power network information systems. The establishment of the network information system has been put into use, which has greatly improved the efficiency of the power enterprise. However, the security risks of network information systems have followed. Once the network is damaged by the attack, it will cause the power system to fail to operate normally, which will inevitably cause significant losses. Power system information security issues threaten the security of the power system and the entire power industry. Studying the information security of power systems, how to protect the power information network from threats, how to ensure the safe and stable supply of electricity to the whole society, and striving to develop a safe and effective power network information system is an important issue facing the development of information technology.
Research and implementation of integrated fingerprint classification system based on backtracking feedback
Authors: Jian Ning Han
Published: December 2018

Fingerprint classification has always been an important research direction in the field of intelligent recognition. Based on the method of fingerprint classifier integration, the backtracking feedback mechanism is introduced, and a fingerprint classification system with high recognition rate is designed. Through the use of 1000 fingerprint images in the fingerprint library to test, The system show the recognition results due to the current Kalle Karu, anli K.jain design of a variety of fingerprint recognition system. Through a series of experimental comparisons, it is proved that the fingerprint classification recognition system with the feedback mechanism has better ability of fingerprint recognition, and greatly reduces the error rate of system recognition.
A Subblock Partition Of Multi-Layer Pattern Based Image Classification Approach
Authors: Lv Xuan , Ma Zezhong , Liu Qing
Published: December 2018

Since traditional partition approach may construct very different image representation because of the changed locations of objects in the same image, a subblock partition of multi-layer pattern method for image representation is proposed. The saliency windows straddled by superpixels are utilized to partition the image into multi-layer pattern subblocks. Then all the subblocks are combined to a three order tensor. Comparing to the results of image classification item of Pascal Voc 2007 Challenge，it indicates that the proposed representation method is robust to the varied object locations and achieves better performance than other approaches.

CCS Concepts

Computing methodologies➝Computer vision • Computing methodologies➝ Machine learning
Hyperspectral image classification based on multi-layer feature extraction
Authors: Qi Yongfeng , Yang Xujie
Published: December 2018

The Hyperspectral image classification is an important issue, which has been pursued in recent year. The field of application involves many aspects of life. Hyperspectral images (HSIs) exhibit a limited number of labeled high-dimensional training samples, which limits the performance of some classification methods on feature extraction or feature reduction. In the paper, we propose a supervised method based on the PCA network (PCANet) and linear SVM for HSIs classification. We used PCANet (principal component analysis network) to learn the character features. We verified the influence of these parameters on the performance of PCANet by modifying the key parameters of the experiment. We carry out extensive experiments on India pines dataset. The results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms PCA+KNN methods . And the results not only are optimistic but also the recognition rate can reach 94.29%. At last, we compared the experimental results of the same algorithm on different data sets and so on.
Caractérisation des effets régissant le comportement dynamique du béton
Authors: Baraka Abdelhak , Matallah Mohammed , Djafour Mustapha , Bouazza Mokhtar
Published: December 2018

La description du comportement du béton sous chargements dynamiques (explosions, collisions, séismes…) fait actuellement l’objet de nombreux travaux de recherches. Bien que la modélisation reste complexe pour ce matériau à cause de la présence simultanée de plusieurs phénomènes (l’endommagement, les effets d’inertie et de viscosité, la fissuration…), un bon nombre d’approches ont été proposé en associant ces phénomènes (endommagement (Pedersen et al., Eng. Fract. Mech. 75, 3782 (2008) [1]), viscosité (Bazant et al., J. Eng. Mech. ASCE 126(9), 971 (2000a); Bazant et al., J. Eng. Mech. ASCE 126(9), 962 (2000b) [2,3])…, effet d’inertie (Reinhardt & Weerheijm, Int. J. Fract. 51, 31 (1991) [4])). Avec une loi d’endommagement, ce travail formule une description du comportement dynamique du béton en traction et en compression. Fondée sur des concepts physiques (la rigidité non linéaire endommageable associée à la déformation, la viscosité, l’inertie associée à l’accélération et la rupture par résonance), cette loi décrit l’évolution de ces différents effets intervenants lors d’un chargement dynamique du matériau. Enfin, sous la lumière des résultats, l’article propose une interprétation physique à la rupture par écaillage qui apparaît dans le béton surtout sous des charges impulsionnelles en traction (un plan de rupture droit, qui passe parfois à travers les granulats).
Study of manganese sulfide precipitation in medium sulfur, non-quenched and tempered steel via experiments and thermodynamic calculation
Authors: Liu Hui , Hu Delin , Wu Yanxin , Huang Zongze , An Jinmin , Fu Jianxun
Published: December 2018

In this study, the precipitation behavior of MnS was calculated during the solidification process of the medium sulfur, non-quenched and tempered 49 MnVS steel. And the precipitation process was directly observed by a high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope (HT-CLSM) equipped with a gold-image furnace. Besides, the precipitated particles were proved to be MnS by using the Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. The modified thermodynamic calculation indicated that the MnS precipitated from the residual liquid steel when the product of manganese and sulfur concentrations exceeded the equilibrium value at 1417.0 °C. Meanwhile, the results calculated by FactSage software shown that the beginning precipitation temperature of MnS is about 1411.0 °C. The observation of HT-CLSM demonstrated that the primary solid on the free surface of the liquid steel was visualized at 1485.0 °C during the solidification process (cooled from 1520.0 °C to room temperature with a rate of −30 °C/min). Then, the MnS particles started to form at 1437.0 °C and rapidly grew up into shape on the solid-liquid boundary. And the precipitation of MnS continued to form in a large amount (90% of the total) in the next 10 degrees. The enrichment of Mn and S near the local melt surface may be conducive the MnS formation, which results a higher actual precipitation temperature than the calculated value.
Akademisierung 2.0
Authors: Spenner Katharina , Hoffmann Isabell
Published: December 2018

Die Akademisierung der Pflege schreitet stetig voran. In den Fokus rücken dabei auch Weiterqualifizierungsmöglichkeiten der Mitarbeiter in der direkten
Patientenversorgung.
Wie belastet sind Pflegende?
Authors: Maier-Rösch Elfriede
Published: December 2018

Die Gefährdung durch psychische Belastungen bei Pflegenden sollte in jeder Klinik beurteilt und gegebenenfalls reduziert werden. Praktisch hapert es meist schon
bei der Durchführung oder beim Umsetzen von geeigneten Maßnahmen, wie eine neue empirische Studie zeigt. Mehr dazu sowie Handlungsempfehlungen finden Sie
hier.
Neurografie des N. Suralis
Authors: Buchner Helmut , Schönlau Lars , Ferbert Andreas
Published: December 2018

Die Neurografie des N. suralis hat große Bedeutung in der Diagnose von Polyneuropathien. Dieser Artikel stellt unterschiedliche Untersuchungstechniken mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen vor, bespricht Messergebnisse und Normalwerte und nennt Anhaltspunkte für die Unterscheidung des axonalen und demyelinisierenden Läsionstyps. Letztlich wird ein Standard für die neurografische Untersuchung und deren Bewertung vorgeschlagen.
Warum leitet das Axon? – Von der Funktion zum pathophysiologischen Verständnis
Authors: Müller Lorenz , Zeller Daniel
Published: December 2018

Das Axon kann als eine der erstaunlichsten Strukturen des Nervensystems angesehen werden. Insbesondere die große Spanne im Hinblick auf die Länge verschiedener Axone beim Menschen von weniger als einem Millimeter bis zu mehr als einem Meter ist beeindruckend. Aber auch die unterschiedlichen Myelinisierungsgrade und Leitungsgeschwindigkeiten, die im physiologischen Zustand eine fehlerfreie Weiterleitung neuronaler Erregung über das Axon ermöglichen, sind bemerkenswert. Darüber hinaus zeigt das Axon bei vielen krankhaften Prozessen eine eindrucksvolle Fähigkeit zur Regeneration.
Dosimetrie bei Anwendung von 131I bei benignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen: DIN 6861-1
Authors: Hänscheid Heribert , Verburg Frederik A.
Published: December 2018

Bei der Behandlung benigner Schilddrüsenerkrankungen mit 131I ist eine prätherapeutische Dosimetrie zur Bemessung der Therapieaktivität und eine Abschätzung der therapeutisch verabreichten Energiedosis in Deutschland gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Zur Durchführung der Dosimetrie existieren Handlungsempfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin und der European Association of Nuclear Medicine. Um Methodik und Verfahrensablauf der Dosisbestimmungen national weiter zu harmonisieren, wird aktuell die Norm DIN 6861 – 1 erstellt. Die DIN 6861 – 1 übernimmt viele Empfehlungen der Leitlinien als Forderungen und führt bei den Berechnungen zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen. Im Detail finden sich aber auch Unterschiede, z. B. wird bei den Berechnungen die Abhängigkeit der absorbierten Energiedosis von der Größe des therapierten Volumens explizit berücksichtigt. Beim Formalismus verlässt die DIN 6861 – 1 die tradierten Schreibweisen und verwendet die international zunehmend als Standard für die Dosimetrie bei innerer Exposition akzeptierte Nomenklatur des Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Dem Nutzer wird durch die neue DIN-Norm zudem eine vollständige Liste der für eine nachvollziehbare Dosimetrie notwendigen Dokumentation an die Hand gegeben.
Grundlagen und Anwendung der
Neuromodulation
Authors: Lotze Martin , Ladda Marie
Published: December 2018

Die Neurostimulation ist eine attraktive Methode, um gezielt auf kortikale oder
subkortikale neuronale Netzwerke Einfluss zu nehmen. Insbesondere die kortikale
Stimulation ist durch nichtinvasive Methoden möglich und gut durchführbar.
Subkortikale Strukturen sind dagegen meist nur durch invasive Techniken
stimulierbar, die aufwendiger und mit höherem Risiko verbunden sind.
Pflege im Umbruch
Authors: Pitschke Christiane
Published: December 2018

Die Pflege ist auch politisch gerade im Fokus – die Herausforderungen der Zukunft
scheinen auch in der Politik angekommen. Der Pflege eine starke Stimme
geben, ist auch das Ziel des Deutschen Pflegetags 2019.
Pflastersteine in der Lunge
Authors: Fisser C. , Hamer O. , Eiber R. , Pfeifer M. , Lerzer C.
Published: December 2018

Die pulmonale Alveolarproteinose ist eine seltene pulmonale Erkrankung (Inzidenz < 0,5/1 000 000). Charakterisiert ist sie durch eine erniedrigte Surfactant-Clearance. Bei Erwachsenen liegt in 90 – 95 % eine autoimmune pulmonale Alveolarproteinose vor. Für die restlichen 5 – 10 % sind sekundäre Auslöser wie z. B. Staubinhalation, hämatologische Erkrankungen, Infektionen, Drogen/Medikamente ursächlich. Meist sind männliche Patienten zwischen 30 – 60 Jahren, wie in unserem Fall, betroffen. Häufig leiden die Patienten unter Husten und Dyspnoe mit eingeschränktem Gasaustausch. Im CT-Thorax findet sich typischerweise ein Crazy-Paving-Muster. Laborchemisch sind bei der autoimmunen pulmonalen Alveolarproteinose in fast 100 % Antikörper gegenüber Granulozyten-Makrophagen-Kolonie-bildende Faktoren zu finden. Die Therapie der Wahl, bei symptomatischen Patienten, ist die therapeutische Ganzlungenlavage mit großen Mengen an Spülflüssigkeit. In dem dargestellten Fall kam es dadurch zu einer deutlichen klinischen und funktionellen Verbesserung.
Transparenz schaffen und nutzen
Authors: Küppers Axel
Published: December 2018

Excel war gestern: Kollege Computer entlastet – nicht nur – die
Pflegenden. Wenn alles läuft, bedeutet das für die Klinik einen
Quantensprung.
Arbeiten ohne Scheuklappen
Authors: Küppers Axel
Published: December 2018

Motiviert unter Hochdruck: Die Chefin der Pflege im Krankenhaus Hedwigshöhe nimmt
die Mitarbeiter mit, wenn es um Verbesserungen und Pilotprojekte im Sinne des
Lean Gedanken geht. Ein Gespräch mit Ann-Christin Reimer.
Anatomical Study of Periosteal Vascularization of the Forearm: Design of Vascularized Periosteal Flaps
Authors: Barrera-Ochoa Sergi , Campillo-Recio David , Knorr Jorge , Mir-Bullo Xavier , Rodríguez-Baeza Alfonso , Soldado Francisco
Published: December 2018

Introduction Vascularized periosteal flaps (VPFs) have proven to be a useful technique for the treatment of unfavorable biological situations in children, with excellent results due to their osteogenic potential. The objective of this work is to present a detailed anatomical description of the periosteal vascularization of the radius and ulna, as well as the design of the forearm VPFs.

Methods Anatomical study with 10 fresh-frozen specimens with antegrade injection of green colored latex. Periosteal branches of the radius and ulna, septocutaneous branches, and muscular branches were dissected. The size of the pre and postdissection flaps was measured, as well as the length of the vascular pedicles.

Results The four vascular axes studied were the anterior interosseous vascular axis (AIA), radial axis (RA), ulnar axis (UA), and posterior interosseous vascular axis (PIA). The AIA (volar-radial VPF): an average of 16.2 periosteal branches were obtained, with a mean distance of 6.6 mm between them. The mean size of the VPF was 41.3 cm2 pre-dissection and 32.4 cm2 post-dissection. The average pedicle length was 16.1 cm. Vascular RA (radial VPF): an average of 20.8 branches was found, with a mean VPF size of 54.8 cm2predissection, and 39.3 cm2 post-dissection. The average pedicle length was 20.2 cm. Vascular PIA (dorsal-ulnar VPF): an average of 12.8 periosteal branches were obtained, with the mean VPF size being 26.2 cm2 pre-dissection and 20.4 cm2 post-dissection. The average pedicle length 12.6 cm. Vascular UA (ulnar VPF): an average of 10.2 periosteal branches were obtained with a mean VPF size of 37.5 cm2 pre-dissection and 28.2 cm2 post-dissection. of the average pedicle length was 14.8 cm.

Conclusions We have described four new VPFs, with the most useful and versatile being the dorsal-ulnar VPF, based on the PIA, and the volar-radial, based on the AIA. The main advantages of these flaps with respect to microsurgical techniques are the simplicity and speed of the technique, its elasticity and adaptability to the recipient bed, as well as its versatility.
Different Roles of Microvascular Decompression in Hemifacial Spasm and Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Lee Min Ho , Lee Jeong-A , Park Kwan
Published: December 2018

Objectives Microvascular decompression (MVD) involves the same procedure for both hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the resulting clinical courses are different. The aim of this study was to compare differences in MVD operations for HFS and TN and to determine the consequences of these differences on the clinical courses of the two diseases.

Methods The medical records of patients who underwent an MVD operation between January 1998 and March 2013 were reviewed.

Results A total of 2,263 patients were enrolled, 222 had TN and 2,040 had HFS. In the HFS group, the estimated cure rates at postoperative years 1, 2, and 3 were 92.0, 93.4, and 93.6%. In the TN group, the estimated cure rates at postoperative years 1, 2, and 3 were 88.4, 89.4, and 91.4%. Comparison of the initial treatment response between the HFS and TN groups did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p = 0.338). Among the 1,749 HFS patients initially cured by MVD, 57 were worsened. Among the 181 TN patients treated by MVD, 43 were worsened, with ≥ BNI III (Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity score III) 12 worsened to a BNI score of IV. Comparing the recurrence rate between the HFS and TN groups, there was a statistically significant difference for cases with ≥ BNI III (p < 0.001), but not in cases with ≥ BNI IV (p = 0.498).

Conclusion MVD is a promising treatment for HFS. In contrast, MVD-treated TN had a risk of recurrence. The MVD operation should be carefully considered when applied as a treatment for TN patients.
Alles zu seiner Zeit – Lebensphasengerechtes
Arbeiten
Authors: Hug Josef
Published: December 2018

Um dem Fachkräftemangel entgegenzuwirken, müssen Kliniken junge Mitarbeiter finden und
ältere binden. Die Pflegedirektion des Klinikums Karlsruhe gewährt Einblick in ein
zukunftsweisendes Projekt, das bereits vor sechs Jahren an den Start ging.
Man lernt nie aus
Authors: Zehner Barbara
Published: December 2018

Das Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder in Regensburg stellt Weichen für die Zukunft. Neben den dualen Pflegestudenten, die künftig im Pflegealltag mitarbeiten,
möchte die Klinik auch ihre Stationsleitungen akademisch qualifizieren – in einem eigens konzipierten Curriculum.
Erlösorientierte Personalausstattung im
Intensivbereich
Authors: Plücker Wolfgang
Published: December 2018

Dieser Ansatz basiert darauf, nur das Personal vorzuhalten, das aus den
Einnahmen bezahlt werden kann. Wenn sich aber die notwendige
Personalmenge nicht über die DRG-Erlöse finanzieren lässt, zieht das Probleme
nach sich.
Untergrenzen für Deutschland
Authors: Zander Britta , Busse Reinhard
Published: December 2018

Einen Vorschlag zur Ausgestaltung der Personaluntergrenzen machen Forscher des Hamburg Center for Health
Economics (HCHE). Aktuell wird er als Entscheidungsgrundlage diskutiert. Lesen Sie mehr über die Hintergründe.
Außerdem: Ein Blick ins Ausland.
Effects of beliefs about sanctions on promoting cooperation in a public goods game
Authors: Yamamoto Hitoshi , Suzuki Takahisa
Published: December 2018

Cooperative behaviour among people facing social dilemmas remains an unsolved puzzle. Sanction systems such as punishment and reward are well-known solutions to social dilemmas. On the one hand, it is theorised that peer sanctions cannot maintain cooperation because of the intrusion of second-order free riders. On the other hand, experimental studies have widely reported that cooperation is sustainable by first-order sanction systems. To understand the divergence between theory and experimental results, we focus on the effects of beliefs about sanctions on promoting cooperation. While previous studies have revealed effects of beliefs about other people’s cooperation in public goods games (PGGs), the effect of beliefs about sanctions have not been considered. We conducted a scenario-based experiment using one-shot PGGs with and without sanction systems. The results revealed that beliefs about sanctions promote cooperation in a PGG when types of sanctions and some psychological attitudes to cooperation are controlled for. Our results indicate that the beliefs of actors promote cooperation despite the possible presence of second-order free riders. A belief about sanctions differs from a preference for cooperative behaviour and the amount a player pays to exercise a sanction. It is necessary to consider players’ beliefs about a sanction when studying its effectiveness.
Investigation of Gilbert damping of a tetragonally distorted ultrathin Fe0.5Co0.5 epitaxial film with high magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Mandal R. , Jung J. W. , Masuda K. , Takahashi Y. K. , Sakuraba Y. , Kasai S. , Miura Y. , Ohkubo T. , Hono K.
Published: December 2018

We have investigated the Gilbert damping, α, of a tetragonally distorted, perpendicular magnetic anisotropic (PMA) ultrathin Fe0.5Co0.5 film grown on a Rh-buffered MgO(100) substrate fabricated by magnetron sputtering at room temperature by means of the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. We obtained the highest PMA value of 0.573 MJ/m3 ever reported for the Fe0.5Co0.5/Rh film. The PMA strongly depends on the lattice distortion which originates from the epitaxial growth in the large lattice misfit system of Fe0.5Co0.5 and Rh. We have estimated an unusually high value of α = 0.041 ± 0.002 for a 1 nm thick Fe0.5Co0.5 film. Based on the microstructural observation and the first-principles calculation, we conclude that the large α in the ultrathin Fe0.5Co0.5 film comes from the minority-spin electron transition around the Fermi level mediated by the spin-orbit interaction, which is caused by the large lattice distortion.
The impacts of low carbon subsidy, collection mode, and power structure on a closed-loop supply chain
Authors: Wan Nana
Published: December 2018

The government subsidy, collection mode, and power structure not only bring about a big challenge for the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management but also affect both the customer and the environment. This paper considers a CLSC consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, where the manufacturer sells the new and remanufactured products through the retailer to the customer and he obtains a low carbon subsidy allocated by the government for each unit remanufactured product. Three different collection modes, viz., manufacturer collection, retailer collection, and dual collection, can be chosen from collecting the used products. In addition, three different power structures, i.e., Manufacturer Stackelberg, Vertical Nash, and Retailer Stackelberg, are considered in this paper. Based on the game theory approach, the optimal pricing and recycling policies of the CLSC members are derived under nine different scenarios. Then, we compare the derived results to explore the impacts of the low carbon subsidy, collection mode, and power structure on the CLSC from the perspectives of the customer, the environment, the manufacturer, and the retailer. It is shown that a high low carbon subsidy will lead to heightened market demand, improved environment performance, and increased members' profits. A balanced supply chain power relationship will benefit the customer and the environment, and in contrast, an imbalanced supply chain power relationship will benefit the manufacturer and the retailer. We derive the value range of the competing intensity for which it is beneficial to build dual collection channels based on these above perspectives.