bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUÇÃO E DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE SERAPILHEIRA EM POVOAMENTOS DE TECA NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL
Authors: Rosa Tania de Fátima de Deus , Scaramuz Walcylene Lacerda Matos Pereira , Feitosa Isadora Pires , Abreu Fernanda Feboli Mansano de
Published: December 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivos estimar a produção, a taxa de decomposição, o tempo médio de renovação e decomposição da serapilheira em povoamentos da espécie Tectona grandis Linn. F. (Teca). O estudo foi realizado em três povoamentos de teca localizados no município de Nossa Senhora do Livramento - MT. Para as coletas da serapilheira foi delimitada uma área de 1 (um) ha em cada talhão com idades de cinco, seis e sete anos, na qual foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, 20 coletores de madeira suspensos e vazados, com área de 0, 64 m2. O material vegetal depositado nos coletores foi recolhido a cada 30 dias, durante 12 meses, levado ao laboratório separando-se folhas, ramos (menores que um centímetro de diâmetro) e miscelânea, e depois de secos foram pesados. A serapilheira produzida nos talhões com sete, seis e cinco anos de idade foi, respectivamente, 7.280,25; 6.739,42 e 6.419,61 kg ha-1. As folhas representaram 86% do total de serapilheira depositada, os ramos, 4%, e as miscelâneas, 10%. As constantes de decomposição da serapilheira (K) nas árvores com cinco, seis e sete anos de idade foram, respectivamente, de 0,54; 0,60 e 0,58. O tempo médio de renovação, em anos, foi de 1,84 (671 dias) aos cinco anos, 1,67 (609 dias) aos seis anos e 1,71 (624 dias) aos sete anos. Para que ocorresse a decomposição de 50% da serapilheira, o tempo médio estimado foi de 1,28 anos (467 dias), 1,15 anos (419 dias) e 1,19 anos (434 dias) para as árvores com cinco, seis e sete anos, respectivamente. Para a decomposição de 95% da serapilheira, o tempo médio estimado foi de 5,53 anos (2.018 dias), 5,00 anos (1.825 dias) e 5,14 anos (1.876 dias) para a mesma sequência das idades.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E POTENCIAL DE SUBSTRATOS FORMULADOS COM BIOSSÓLIDO NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. e Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos
Authors: Abreu Alan Henrique Marques de , Leles Paulo Sérgio dos Santos , Melo Lucas Amaral de , Oliveira Ricardo Rodrigues de , Ferreira Dereck Halley Anthony Alves
Published: December 2017

O lodo de esgoto devidamente compostado (biossólido) apresenta em sua composição quantidades significantes de matéria orgânica e nutrientes para o crescimento vegetal. Desta forma, sua utilização na composição de substratos para produção de mudas florestais passa a representar não apenas um benefício ambiental, mas também uma ótima escolha do ponto de vista técnico e econômico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar química e fisicamente substratos à base de biossólido e substrato comercial e verificar o potencial destes para produção de mudas de Schinus terebinthifolius e Handroanthus heptaphyllus. Foram testadas diferentes proporções volumétricas de biossólido (BIO) misturadas ao substrato comercial (SC) para a produção das mudas em tubetes, consistindo nas seguintes formulações: T1 = 0% BIO + 100% SC; T2 = 25% de BIO + 75% SC; T3 = 50% de BIO + 50% SC; T4 = 100% de BIO + 0% SC. Aos 134 dias após a semeadura, foram avaliados os parâmetros morfológicos, altura da parte aérea (H) e diâmetro do coleto (D), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e da matéria seca das raízes (MSR), relação altura diâmetro (H/D), relação entre a matéria seca da parte aérea e da matéria seca das raízes (MSA/MSR), e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Quanto maior a proporção de biossólido no substrato, maior foi o teor de nutrientes, principalmente N, P e K, e maior foi a capacidade de retenção de água. O biossólido apresentou elevado potencial para composição de substratos na produção de mudas das espécies estudadas. Para Schinus terebinthifolius os melhores resultados de crescimento foram observados nos tratamentos T3 e T4, já para Handroanthus heptaphyllus, no tratamento T3.
PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO DE Casearia sylvestris SWARTZ (SALICACEAE)
Authors: Paranhos Juçara Terezinha , Löbler Lisiane , Cechin Joanei , Fernandes Tiéle Stüker , Fao Elvis , Soriani Hilda Hildebrand
Published: December 2017

Com o objetivo obter a propagação in vitro de Casearia sylvestris, árvore nativa das florestas brasileiras, estudos de germinação in vitro das sementes foram realizados e as plântulas assépticas obtidas foram usadas como doadoras de explantes na micropropagação. Sementes maduras e imaturas, armazenadas por 10 dias a 10 ou 25°C foram inoculadas em meio contendo 10% de sais de MS e mantidas na luz (fotoperíodo de 16 horas) ou escuro contínuo, a 25°C. Para sementes imaturas, testou-se ou não ácido giberélico (GA3) na concentração de 1,5 mg l-1. Das plântulas obtidas, segmentos cotiledonares e apicais foram retirados e cultivados em meio MS completo com cinco combinações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e ácido naftalenoacético (ANA): 0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 0,0; 0025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2 mg L-1, respectivamente. As brotações aéreas formadas in vitro foram cultivadas em meio MS contendo 0,0 ou 1,5 mg L-1 de ácido indol-3-butírico (IBA) para o enraizamento. O maior percentual de germinação (60%) ocorreu em sementes maduras expostas à luz, independentemente dos demais tratamentos, podendo ser consideradas fotoblásticas positivas. A maior percentagem de germinação das sementes imaturas (27%) ocorreu quando previamente armazenadas a 10°C, com ou sem GA3. A indução de brotos aéreos foi mais eficiente em segmentos apicais e em meio contendo a menor combinação de BAP e ANA ou isento destes reguladores de crescimento. O maior número de raízes ocorreu em brotos obtidos a partir de segmentos cotiledonares, com ou sem AIB. Após a aclimatização, 83% das plantas sobreviveram.
O MICROCLIMA DE DIFERENTES ARRANJOS PAISAGÍSTICOS NA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE RUAS DE CURITIBA - PR
Authors: Martini Angeline , Biondi Daniela , Batista Antonio Carlos
Published: December 2017

A melhoria microclimática é frequentemente apontada como um dos benefícios gerados pela arborização urbana. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos que abordam quantitativamente essa questão. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi quantificar a diferença microclimática entre ruas arborizadas e sem arborização, para cada estação do ano e arranjo paisagístico. Para isto foram selecionados três locais, contendo um trecho de rua com e sem arborização. Cada local apresentava diferentes espécies compondo os arranjos paisagísticos: Tipuana tipu, Handroanthus chrysotrichus e Lafoensia pacari com Parapiptadenia rigida. Para o monitoramento das variáveis meteorológicas, uma miniestação da marca Kestrel® permaneceu na rua arborizada e a outra na rua sem arborização. A coleta desses dados foi das 9 às 15 horas, com intervalo de monitoramento de 1 minuto, repetida nas quatro estações do ano, com início no inverno de 2011. As variáveis microclimáticas analisadas foram: temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento. Os resultados indicaram que a maior diferença de temperatura foi observada na estação do verão (2,5°C) e a menor no inverno (1,2°C). Para a umidade relativa, as diferenças ficaram entre 6,4% (primavera) e 5,6% (inverno) e para a velocidade do vento a maior diferença foi encontrada na estação do inverno (0,17 m/s). O arranjo paisagístico que utiliza o plantio com Tipuana tipu nos dois lados da rua, plantadas de modo a fazer com que suas copas se entrelacem e formem um túnel, é a melhor escolha para se buscar um microclima mais agradável em todas as estações do ano.
DESLIZAMENTOS E FRAGMENTAÇÃO FLORESTAL NA REGIÃO SERRANA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Lima Bianca Coutinho , Francisco Cristiane Nunes , Bohrer Claudio Belmonte de Athayde
Published: December 2017

A fragmentação florestal é um processo em que áreas contínuas de vegetação natural são subdivididas em manchas de tamanhos diversos, originado por atividades antrópicas ou causas naturais associadas às mudanças ambientais e eventos de grande magnitude. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar e analisar a dinâmica da fragmentação florestal e a vulnerabilidade das manchas de distúrbios resultantes de deslizamentos ocasionados por chuvas intensas na região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro em 2011. Para tanto foi realizada uma avaliação do padrão espacial das manchas antes e após os eventos por meio de índices métricos de paisagem, estimados a partir de mapas de cobertura da terra e das cicatrizes dos deslizamentos, produzidos através da análise de imagens orbitais. Houve uma redução de 6% da área de floresta e um acréscimo de 107% no número de fragmentos, principalmente de pequenos. Ocorreu uma perda de 17% da área nuclear, um acréscimo de 43% do número de núcleos e de 28% da densidade de borda. A distância média do fragmento mais próximo diminuiu 46%, em virtude da forma das cicatrizes, alongadas e estreitas. Os resultados mostram que os deslizamentos ocasionaram uma intensificação do processo histórico de fragmentação florestal, promovendo um aumento da vulnerabilidade e instabilidade ecológica dos remanescentes florestais, evidenciando como eventos naturais de grande magnitude podem alterar rapidamente a paisagem.
ESTRUTURA DA COMUNIDADE ARBÓREA E CARACTERÍSTICAS EDÁFICAS DE UM FRAGMENTO URBANO
Authors: Vale Vagner Santiago , Araújo Glein Monteiro , Oliveira Alexandre Silva de , Prado Júnior Jamir Afonso , Santos Lilian Cristina da Silva
Published: December 2017

No Brasil há diversos municípios com fragmentos florestais inseridos no perímetro urbano sob ameaça de degradação. A Mata do Desamparo (Araguari - MG) é uma importante formação florestal que protege nascentes existentes em um parque urbano. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar o levantamento fitossociológico da vegetação arbórea do gradiente florestal e realizar análises de solo. Foram plotadas 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, dispostas em quatro blocos e amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência a 1,30 m ≥ 15 cm e também coletadas amostras de solo a 0-20 cm de profundidade para análises químicas, umidade do solo e o desnível do terreno. Para averiguar se as propriedades químicas, umidade do solo e o desnível influenciaram na distribuição das espécies vegetais do fragmento florestal foi realizada a análise de correspondência canônica (CCA). A comunidade apresentou elevada riqueza (94 espécies) e número de indivíduos (1760) muito elevado em relação a outras florestas da região e adensamentos de espécies de borda e comuns de áreas abertas mesmo na região mais interiorana da floresta, o que indica que existem impactos antrópicos sobre a comunidade arbórea. A CCA demonstrou a heterogeneidade ambiental com a formação de três grupos, um formado pelas parcelas próximas ao leito do rio com maior umidade do solo e menor desnível, outro formado por parcelas com grande desnível, com predominância de espécies generalistas consideradas uma floresta estacional semidecidual e outro fortemente correlacionado com alumínio. Assim, este fragmento florestal pode ser considerado um importante relicto urbano com grande riqueza de espécies, no entanto, impactos passados influenciaram a estrutura da comunidade arbórea, que está em um estágio intermediário de sucessão.
Mediación cultural y mediación lingüística en la frontera de Granada
Authors: Abad Merino Mercedes
Published: December 2017

Durante la Baja Edad Media, en el sur de la península ibérica se configuró un espacio cultural de frontera en el que los límites quedaban establecidos, más allá de los umbrales políticos, por las marcadas diferencias culturales y religiosas de las comunidades que vivían a cada uno de sus lados. Dos formas de ver el mundo a través de dos lenguas completamente diferentes y alejadas entre sí, pero forzadas irremediablemente a establecer contactos tanto en tiempos de treguas como en tiempos de guerras: el comercio, la redención de cautivos, o las mismas relaciones de frontera, descansan en la intercomunicación, aun cuando sabemos que ésta no era posible entre todos los hablantes —se trata de dos comunidades mayoritariamente monolingües— sino a través de unos pocos que tienen en sus manos, de manera casi imperceptible, todo el poder que da el dominio de una lengua cuando los otros no la dominan. Traductores e intérpretes desempeñarán un papel fundamental, aunque no suficientemente valorado, no solo por sus saberes lingüísticos sino, especialmente, por su actuación como mediadores interculturales, desde el siglo XIII y hasta finales del XVI.
L'arbitratge regi a la ciutat de Xátiva en el context previ a la introducció de la insaculació (1416-1427)
Authors: Bernabeu Borja Sandra
Published: December 2017

Estudi documental que analitza com, a inicis del regnat d’Alfons el Magnànim, la sistemàtica lluita de bàndols entre el patriciat urbà a la ciutat de Xàtiva va determinar una ingerència règia cada vegada més decidida en les eleccions municipals. En aquest sentit, a partir de fonts arxivístiques reials i municipals, la recerca presenta el marc sociopolític existent en dita ciutat i quines foren les primeres petjades de l’arbitratge monàrquic desenvolupat per dit sobirà. En concret, s’exposen els procediments electorals municipals que es succeïren a Xàtiva des de 1416, el fracàs dels quals conduirà a l’atorgament –per primera vegada a la Corona d’Aragó– del privilegi d’insaculació en 1427.
La famille mise à « mâle » ? Le cas des pratiquants de bodybuilding
Authors: Vallet Guillaume
Published: December 2017

Cadre de la recherche : Le bodybuilding est un sport extrême, au sens où il repose sur l’idée de transformation permanente du corps, et où dans certains cas, il peut engager « tout » l’individu. De ce fait, il est susceptible d’influencer fortement la vie de famille, puisqu’il amène le/la bodybuilder à devoir concilier la gestion des différentes ressources familiales et les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour réaliser ses objectifs.

Objectifs : Cet article vise alors à déterminer si l’engagement dans le bodybuilding influence l’engagement dans la famille, et si oui, à quel degré. Il est fondamental de considérer cette relation au regard du statut d’institution sociale de la famille, et de la question des prises de risque associées à une pratique sociale comme le bodybuilding.

Méthodologie : En conséquence, nous investiguons cette relation entre la « gestion » de la famille et le degré d’engagement dans la pratique à partir d’une étude réalisée pendant plus d’un an auprès de 30 bodybuilders hétérosexuels de trois salles de bodybuilding. Nous nous basons sur une méthodologie qualitative couplant 120 observations directes et 30 entretiens semi-directifs.

Résultats : Nous mettons en évidence quatre modèles (« égoïstes », « indifférents », « négociateurs », « régulés »). Ces différents modèles posent en toile de fond la définition de l’identité de sexe masculine, puisque celle-ci est fortement influencée par le statut familial et le rapport au corps qui nous intéressent ici.

Conclusions : Ces quatre modèles montrent qu’il existe une hiérarchie entre l’engagement dans la vie de famille et l’engagement dans la pratique du bodybuilding. Quand le premier est subordonné au deuxième, le bodybuilding devient un sport « total » pour l’individu qui le pratique, son identité étant uniquement construite à partir de la logique du bodybuilding. A ce stade, le bodybuilder est susceptible de rentrer dans un processus potentiellement destructeur.

Contribution : Notre contribution principale réside dans la mise en relation de ces quatre modèles et de l’identité de sexe masculine avec le degré d’engagement dans le bodybuilding : quand des bodybuilders franchissent un seuil dans l’engagement – renvoyant au concept sociologique de « carrière » –, le bodybuilding devient l’activité principale, et l’engagement dans la famille devient secondaire. Pour ces raisons, la famille est susceptible d’être « mise à mâle ».
Père au foyer : une nouvelle entrée au répertoire du masculin ?
Authors: Chatot Myriam
Published: December 2017

Cadre de la recherche : En dépit de la promotion dans les représentations d’un partage égalitaire des tâches domestiques et des responsabilités parentales entre conjoints, les femmes sont encore largement responsables de la prise en charge des enfants et des tâches ménagères ; l’entrée d’un homme dans la situation de « père au foyer » représente une inversion des rôles traditionnels.

Objectifs : L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment se recomposent les rôles de genre traditionnels dans les couples où le père est au foyer, en étudiant les relations qu’entretiennent ces pères et leurs conjointes aux rôles de pourvoyeurs de ressources et de pourvoyeurs de soins dans la famille, et plus largement à la masculinité et à la féminité.

Méthodologie : Pour ce faire, nous nous appuierons sur une enquête quantitative menée en France auprès de vingt-cinq pères en couple hétérosexuel avec enfants, qui n’ont pas exercé d’activité salariée pendant au moins six mois, interrogés dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-directifs.

Résultats : Les résultats suggèrent que les pères au foyer occupent une position hybride vis-à-vis des normes du genre, entre transgression assumée par l’adoption d’un rôle perçu comme féminin et réaffirmation de leur appartenance au genre masculin par la mise en avant d’activités ou de rôles marqués comme masculins. De même, si les conjointes sont assignées au rôle de pourvoyeuse de ressources dans ces couples, elles ne semblent pas délaisser pour autant le rôle de pourvoyeuse de soins.

Conclusion : Ces pères semblent donc aménager le rôle de parent au foyer pour l’endosser selon une modalité masculine, en conciliant rôle de pourvoyeur de soins et de pourvoyeur de ressources, et en privilégiant les facettes masculines du rôle de pourvoyeur de soin.

Contribution : Cette recherche exploratoire semble indiquer l’efficacité possible de mesures visant à impliquer davantage les pères par le biais de congés liés à la petite enfance.
Soutien social et expérience paternelle des pères de nouveau-nés prématurés
Authors: Koliouli Flora , Zaouche Gaudron Chantal , Casper Charlotte , Berdot-Talmier Laurence , Raynaud Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2017

Cadre de la recherche : Plusieurs études ont montré que le vécu parental lors d’une naissance prématurée peut être de nature traumatique avec un impact sur la qualité de la relation parent-enfant (Lindberg, Axelsson et Ohrling, 2008). Cependant, force est de constater que les processus en jeu chez le père restent relativement inexplorés.

Objectifs : L’objectif de cette étude exploratoire est de développer un modèle de compréhension de l’expérience paternelle de nouveau-nés prématurés. Celle-ci est appréhendée par la relation avec le nourrisson (Blomqvist et al., 2012 ; Helth et Jarden, 2013) et l’expérience du devenir père (Zaouche Gaudron et al., 2003 ; Zaouche Gaudron et al., 2005) mais également par la relation avec l’équipe soignante (Fegran et Helseth, 2009). La gravité de la prématurité est également examinée (Ibanez et al., 2006).

Méthodologie : L’échantillon se compose de 48 pères de bébés prématurés. Un entretien semi-directif basé sur le Clinical Interview for Parents of High Risk Infants (Meyer et al., 1993) a été adapté et utilisé pour le recueil de données. Les axes réfèrent à la grossesse de la conjointe, à l’accouchement, à la relation avec le nourrisson et au soutien social.

Résultats : Nos principaux résultats indiquent que les pères construisent un premier lien avec leur bébé par le contact du peau-à-peau et par l’accordage du regard. Ils témoignent, par ailleurs, d’un vécu traumatique lié à la prématurité décrit par des sentiments ambivalents, comme la peur, le stress mais également le bonheur. La source la plus importante de soutien social, hormis la famille, est l’équipe soignante et les autres parents dans le service.

Conclusions : Les principales conclusions permettent d’amener des propositions quant aux pratiques professionnelles afin de soutenir le processus de paternalisation dans ce contexte particulier de prématurité.

Contribution : Dans une approche qualitative, cette étude apporte un éclairage concernant l’expérience paternelle dans le contexte particulier qu'est la prématurité du nouveau-né.
Expérience paternelle et problèmes intériorisés de jeunes enfants en situation de précarité : le point de vue des pères
Authors: Kettani Myriam , Zaouche-Gaudron Chantal , Lacharité Carl , Dubeau Diane , Clément Marie-Ève
Published: December 2017

Cadre de la recherche : Dans un article précédent (Kettani et Zaouche-Gaudron, 2012a), nous avons montré que les problèmes intériorisés tels qu’évalués par les pères sont plus importants chez les jeunes enfants en situation de précarité que chez les jeunes enfants de familles plus aisées.

Objectifs : L’objectif est ici d’interroger la part de l’expérience paternelle dans l’explication du lien entre la précarité et les conduites intériorisées des jeunes enfants.

Méthodologie : L’échantillon est constitué de 187 pères d’enfants âgés de 2 à 6 ans, qui ont renseigné une série de questionnaires évaluant les conduites intériorisées de l’enfant, l’expérience paternelle (engagement paternel, stress paternel et sentiment de compétence paternelle) et la situation socio-économique (revenu familial, conditions de logement, statut d’emploi du père et perception de l’aisance financière).

Résultats : Les résultats révèlent que les enfants qui vivent en contexte de précarité présentent plus de problèmes intériorisés que les enfants de familles plus aisées. Les pères quant à eux s’engagent auprès de leurs enfants autant que les pères qui ne connaissent pas de difficultés socio-économiques. En revanche, ils éprouvent un niveau de stress plus élevé et un sentiment de compétence paternelle plus faible, qui expliqueraient une grande partie des problèmes intériorisés des enfants. Il apparaît également que la perception paternelle de la contrainte financière joue un rôle plus important dans l’explication des problèmes intériorisés des enfants que des mesures plus objectives de précarité.

Conclusion : La perception paternelle de la situation socio-économique ainsi que le vécu de la paternité évalué à travers le sentiment de compétence et le stress paternel expliquent mieux les problèmes intériorisés des enfants que la situation de précarité en elle-même.

Contribution : Dans le cadre de l’intervention, ces résultats soulignent l’importance de prendre en considération les dimensions subjectives de la précarité ainsi que les affects liés au rôle paternel, pour favoriser l’épanouissement des pères ainsi que l’ajustement socio-affectif des enfants de familles défavorisées.
ANALIZA PLANOVA U ŠUMSKOPRIVREDNIM OSNOVAMA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
Authors: Maunaga Zoran , Dukić Vojislav
Published: December 2017

Analiza planova gazdovanja šumama predstavlja četvrti rad i posljednji je dio ukupne analize kvalitetašumskoprivrednih osnova za šume u svojini Republike Srpske. Analizom su obuhvaćeni: plan sječa, planiskorišćavanja šuma, plan šumskouzgojnih radova, plan zaštite šuma i ekonomsko-finansijska analiza.Težište razmatranja bilo je na ekonomski vrijednijim šumama. Pokazalo se da planovi imaju samo formalnikarakter i da nisu upotrebljivi u praksi. Rad je baziran na podacima iz devet šumskoprivrednih osnova.
VASKULARNA FLORA PLANINE KLEKOVAČE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: Milanović Đorđije , Brujić Jugoslav , Stupar Vladimir , Bucalo Vojin , Travar Jovan , Cvjetićanin Rade
Published: December 2017

U radu je sistematski prikazana flora planine Klekovača u zapadnoj Bosni i Hercegovini na osnovu objedinjenihvišegodišnjih istraživanja autora i dostupne te kritički obrađene literaturne građe. Osim prikupljanjai obrade ovih podataka važan dio metodologije istraživanja sastojao se u rekonstrukciji putevasvih botaničara i fitocenologa, koji su od kraja 19. vijeka istraživali ovu planinu i ostavili pisanu dokumentaciju.Na ukupno 174 lokaliteta, na kojima je bilježena flora i sakupljen obilan herbarski materijal,utvrđeno je da vaskularna flora planine Klekovače na prikazanom obuhvatu broji 812 taksonado nivoa podvrste, svrstanih u 97 familija. Od ukupnog broja taksona 503 je bilo od ranije poznato izliterature, od čega 21 nije potvrđeno, dok je 309 prvi put registrovano za područje Klekovače. VrstaGlyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. navodi se kao nova pridošlica u flori Bosne i Hercegovine, dok je za vrstuMonarda didyma L. prvi put registrovano da se subspontano širi na teritoriji Balkanskog poluostrva. Zasvaki zabilježeni takson navedeni su svi lokaliteti sa koordinatama. Posebna pažnja posvećena je problematicitaksonomije nekih kompleksnih rodova (Aconitum, Campanula, Eleocharis, Festuca, Heliospermai Potentilla), kao i najznačajnijim rijetkim i ugroženim biljnim vrstama.
ABOVEGROUND DENDROMASS ESTIMATION OF JUVENILE PAULOWNIA SP.
Authors: Stankova Tatiana , Gyuleva Veselka , Dimitrov Dimitar , Hristova Hristina , Andonova Ekaterina
Published: December 2017

Species of the genus Paulownia have been introduced to Bulgaria since the beginning of the XXthcentury and their multipurpose uses - as ornamental trees, for wood and biomass production- have been tested ever since. We present a study, which examines the early growth of four Paulowniaclones at southern locations in Bulgaria and derives biometric models for dendromass estimationof juvenile Paulownia trees.The data originated from two experimental plantations established on nursery land using one-yearoldin vitro propagated plant material. Forty six, 1 to 3 year-old saplings from two clones of P. tomentosaand two P. elongata × P. fortunei hybrids were sampled. Their stem biomass was modeledas a function of the breast height tree diameter and total tree height or the stem diameter aloneand a set of goodness-of-fit criteria was applied to select the most adequate among the 29 testedformulations. The regression models were fitted in log-transformed form to the logarithm of thestem biomass and MM correction factor for bias was applied to the back-transformed predictiondata. Two allometric relationships were derived, which adequately assess stem dendromass ofyoung Paulownia sp. from easily measurable tree characteristics. Both models are applicable forstem biomass estimation of juvenile Paulownia trees of diameter up to 5 cm and total height upto 3.5 m.
PRODUCTIVITY OF EUROPEAN BEECH COPPICE STANDS IN THE FOREST MANAGEMENT AREA “DONJEVRBASKO”, BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA
Authors: Keren Srđan , Dukić Vojislav , Govedar Zoran , Kapović-Solomun Marijana , Cvjetković Branislav
Published: December 2017

The object of this study were three coppice beech stands located in the forest management area“Donjevrbasko” close to Banja Luka in the Republic of Srpska, north-western part of Bosnia andHerzegovina. These coppice stands grow in different conditions. According to available eco-vegetationmaps, first beech coppice stand develops in favorable site conditions with high wood productionpotential for beech. Thereby, we chose such stand which on the first look had fairly goodquality of stools. The second coppice stand also grows in good site conditions where high productionpotential can be expected for beech, but in this case we selected for measurement such standwhich has poor technical quality of trees and poor health state. On the contrary, the third coppicestand grows in very poor site conditions where low production potential can be expected forbeech. The major goal of the study was to examine the effects of lengthening the rotation periodson wood production, quality and health status of trees in studied coppices.
NECTRIA VRSTE U ŠUMAMA BUKVE NA PODRUČJU PRNJAVORA
Authors: Lepir Božana
Published: December 2017

Rasprostranjenje bukve, tehnička, privredna ali i opšte korisna važnost ove vrste drveta u šumamaRepublike Srpske nameće potrebu kontinuiranog praćenja njenog zdravstvenog stanja. Posebnovelike štete u sastojinama bukve prouzrokuju Nectria vrste. Na području našeg istraživanja konstatovanesu sledeće vrste iz roda Nectria: Nectria coccinea (Pers. ex Fr.) Fries, Nectria ditissima Tul.,Nectria galligena Bresad. Parazitne gljive iz roda Nectria zajedno sa insektom Cryptococcus fagisugaLind. izazivaju bolest pod nazivom „bolest kore bukve“. U većini slučajeva „bolest kore bukve“ jeuzročnik propadanja bukovih stabala.
PRAKTIČNI ASPEKTI UREĐIVANJA ŠUMA U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ - RAZNODOBNO GAZDOVANJE
Authors: Maunaga Zoran
Published: December 2017

Trend pogoršanja stanja visokih šuma s prirodnom obnovom neizbježno zahtijeva našu reakciju.Ključno je pitanje kako trajno osigurati visoku produkciju i kvalitet drvne zalihe. U vezi s tim, u ovomradu, predložen je novi način gazdovanja, nazvan raznodobno gazdovanje.
Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 regulates myoblast proliferation and controls muscle fiber length
Authors: Lee Jennifer K , Hallock Peter T , Burden Steven J
Published: December 2017

Muscle fiber length is nearly uniform within a muscle but widely different among different muscles. We show that Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (Abl2) has a key role in regulating myofiber length, as a loss of Abl2 leads to excessively long myofibers in the diaphragm, intercostal and levator auris muscles but not limb muscles. Increased myofiber length is caused by enhanced myoblast proliferation, expanding the pool of myoblasts and leading to increased myoblast fusion. Abl2 acts in myoblasts, but as a consequence of expansion of the diaphragm muscle, the diaphragm central tendon is reduced in size, likely contributing to reduced stamina of Abl2 mutant mice. Ectopic muscle islands, each composed of myofibers of uniform length and orientation, form within the central tendon of Abl2+/− mice. Specialized tendon cells, resembling tendon cells at myotendinous junctions, form at the ends of these muscle islands, suggesting that myofibers induce differentiation of tendon cells, which reciprocally regulate myofiber length and orientation.
Molecular basis of fatty acid taste in Drosophila
Authors: Ahn Ji-Eun , Chen Yan , Amrein Hubert
Published: December 2017

Behavioral studies have established that Drosophila appetitive taste responses towards fatty acids are mediated by sweet sensing Gustatory Receptor Neurons (GRNs). Here we show that sweet GRN activation requires the function of the Ionotropic Receptor genes IR25a, IR76b and IR56d. The former two IR genes are expressed in several neurons per sensillum, while IR56d expression is restricted to sweet GRNs. Importantly, loss of appetitive behavioral responses to fatty acids in IR25a and IR76b mutant flies can be completely rescued by expression of respective transgenes in sweet GRNs. Interestingly, appetitive behavioral responses of wild type flies to hexanoic acid reach a plateau at ~1%, but decrease with higher concentration, a property mediated through IR25a/IR76b independent activation of bitter GRNs. With our previous report on sour taste, our studies suggest that IR-based receptors mediate different taste qualities through cell-type specific IR subunits.
Gene-free methodology for cell fate dynamics during development
Authors: Corson Francis , Siggia Eric D
Published: December 2017

Models of cell function that assign a variable to each gene frequently lead to systems of equations with many parameters whose behavior is obscure. Geometric models reduce dynamics to intuitive pictorial elements that provide compact representations for sparse in vivo data and transparent descriptions of developmental transitions. To illustrate, a geometric model fit to vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans, implies a phase diagram where cell-fate choices are displayed in a plane defined by EGF and Notch signaling levels. This diagram defines allowable and forbidden cell-fate transitions as EGF or Notch levels change, and explains surprising observations previously attributed to context-dependent action of these signals. The diagram also reveals the existence of special points at which minor changes in signal levels lead to strong epistatic interactions between EGF and Notch. Our model correctly predicts experiments near these points and suggests specific timed perturbations in signals that can lead to additional unexpected outcomes.
How bacteria keep proteins moving
Authors: Mullineaux Conrad W
Published: December 2017

Bacteria contain large numbers of negatively-charged proteins to avoid the electrostatic interactions with ribosomes that would dramatically reduce protein diffusion.
Structure-based membrane dome mechanism for Piezo mechanosensitivity
Authors: Guo Yusong R , MacKinnon Roderick
Published: December 2017

Mechanosensitive ion channels convert external mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals for critical processes including touch sensation, balance, and cardiovascular regulation. The best understood mechanosensitive channel, MscL, opens a wide pore, which accounts for mechanosensitive gating due to in-plane area expansion. Eukaryotic Piezo channels have a narrow pore and therefore must capture mechanical forces to control gating in another way. We present a cryo-EM structure of mouse Piezo1 in a closed conformation at 3.7Å-resolution. The channel is a triskelion with arms consisting of repeated arrays of 4-TM structural units surrounding a pore. Its shape deforms the membrane locally into a dome. We present a hypothesis in which the membrane deformation changes upon channel opening. Quantitatively, membrane tension will alter gating energetics in proportion to the change in projected area under the dome. This mechanism can account for highly sensitive mechanical gating in the setting of a narrow, cation-selective pore.
Introduction
Authors: Goodfriend Joyce D.
Published: December 2017

This book examines the dynamics of power relations in eighteenth-century New York City by focusing on sites where the elite's cultural authority came under siege. Drawing on multiple strands of evidence and taking into account the perspectives of actors outside polite circles, the book looks at the efforts of gentlemen to set and enforce cultural norms and the responses they encountered from persons of lesser rank such as religiously inspired artisans, wives, servants, the poor, and the enslaved. It shows how gentlemen at the top of the social hierarchy sought to certify their status as persons of distinction qualified to dictate cultural norms. New York's pan-ethnic elite, it suggests, inhabited an exclusive universe where their families put into practice the precepts of politeness delineated by the English gentry.
Variable Melt Production Rate of the Kerguelen HotSpot Due To Long‐Term Plume‐Ridge Interaction
Authors: Bredow Eva , Steinberger Bernhard
Published: December 2017

For at least 120 Myr, the Kerguelen plume has distributed enormous amounts of magmatic rocks over various igneous provinces between India, Australia, and Antarctica. Previous attempts to reconstruct the complex history of this plume have revealed several characteristics that are inconsistent with properties typically associated with plumes. To explore the geodynamic behavior of the Kerguelen hotspot, and in particular address these inconsistencies, we set up a regional viscous flow model with the mantle convection code ASPECT. Our model features complex time‐dependent boundary conditions in order to explicitly simulate the surrounding conditions of the Kerguelen plume. We show that a constant plume influx can result in a variable magma production rate if the plume interacts with nearby spreading ridges and that a dismembered plume, multiple plumes, or solitary waves in the plume conduit are not required to explain the fluctuating magma output and other unusual characteristics attributed to the Kerguelen hotspot.
Langmuir Circulation With Explicit Surface Waves From Moving‐Mesh Modeling
Authors: Wang P. , Özgökmen T. M.
Published: December 2017

Using a moving‐mesh, nonhydrostatic, spectral element model, we simulate Langmuir circulation with Navier‐Stokes equations under explicit, freely propagating surface waves. For comparison, Langmuir circulation is also simulated with Craik‐Leibovich (C‐L) equations. In both simulations, the Langmuir circulations are very similar, including temporal formation progresses and spatial structures; however, the strength of Langmuir circulation in the C‐L simulation is a bit weaker, which we suggest is due to the lack of Eulerian mean drift induced by fluid viscosity in the presence of explicit surface waves.
The Crossover Time as an Evaluation of Ocean Models Against Persistence
Authors: Phillipson L. M. , Toumi R.
Published: December 2017

A new ocean evaluation metric, the crossover time, is defined as the time it takes for a numerical model to equal the performance of persistence. As an example, the average crossover time calculated using the Lagrangian separation distance (the distance between simulated trajectories and observed drifters) for the global MERCATOR ocean model analysis is found to be about 6 days. Conversely, the model forecast has an average crossover time longer than 6 days, suggesting limited skill in Lagrangian predictability by the current generation of global ocean models. The crossover time of the velocity error is less than 3 days, which is similar to the average decorrelation time of the observed drifters. The crossover time is a useful measure to quantify future ocean model improvements.
The Evolution and Structure of Extreme Optical Lightning Flashes
Authors: Peterson Michael , Rudlosky Scott , Deierling Wiebke
Published: December 2017

This study documents the composition, morphology, and motion of extreme optical lightning flashes observed by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). The furthest separation of LIS events (groups) in any flash is 135 km (89 km), the flash with the largest footprint had an illuminated area of 10,604 km2, and the most dendritic flash has 234 visible branches. The longest‐duration convective LIS flash lasted 28 s and is overgrouped and not physical. The longest‐duration convective‐to‐stratiform propagating flash lasted 7.4 s, while the longest‐duration entirely stratiform flash lasted 4.3 s. The longest series of nearly consecutive groups in time lasted 242 ms. The most radiant recorded LIS group (i.e., “superbolt”) is 735 times more radiant than the average group. Factors that impact these optical measures of flash morphology and evolution are discussed. While it is apparent that LIS can record the horizontal development of the lightning channel in some cases, radiative transfer within the cloud limits the flash extent and level of detail measured from orbit. These analyses nonetheless suggest that lightning imagers such as LIS and Geostationary Lightning Mapper can complement ground‐based lightning locating systems for studying physical lightning phenomena across large geospatial domains.
Positive or Negative? Urbanization‐Induced Variations in Diurnal Skin‐Surface Temperature Range Detected Using Satellite Data
Authors: Huang Fan , Zhan Wenfeng , Wang Zhihua , Wang Kaicun , Chen Jing M. , Liu Yongxue , Lai Jiameng , Ju Weimin
Published: December 2017

Diurnal temperature range (DTR) is an important indicator for assessing the local climate change due to urbanization. Studies that focused on surface air temperature (SAT) have reported decreased DTRSAT in urban areas. However, this urbanization‐induced effect becomes more complex with regard to land skin‐surface temperature (LST), which is highly localized and extremely sensitive to land surface properties. We thus investigated the urban‐rural DTRLST difference (ΔDTRLST) over 354 cities across China using satellite‐retrieved LSTs within 2008−2013. Our major findings include the following: (1) urban areas experience increased (decreased) DTRLST compared with rural areas on the annual average for the majority of cities located in southern (northern) China; (2) the ΔDTRLST is mostly positive in warm months but negative in cold months. It generally becomes more positive from January to August and becomes more negative afterward; and (3) the ΔDTRLST is positively related to the daytime surface urban heat island intensity; it is yet negatively correlated with the urban‐rural difference in vegetation abundance. We consider these insights valuable for in‐depth understanding urban thermal environment and will likely help improve urban planning.
Environments of Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Central United States in Convection Permitting Climate Simulations
Authors: Yang Qing , Houze Robert A. , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe
Published: December 2017

Continental‐scale convection‐permitting simulations of the warm seasons of 2011 and 2012 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model reproduce realistic structure and frequency distribution of lifetime and event mean precipitation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the central United States. Analysis is performed to determine the environmental conditions conducive to generating long‐lived MCSs. The simulations show that MCSs systematically form over the central Great Plains ahead of a trough in the westerlies in combination with an enhanced low‐level moist jet from the Gulf of Mexico. These environmental properties at the time of storm initiation are most prominent for the MCSs that persist for the longest times. MCSs reaching lifetimes of 9 h or more occur closer to the approaching trough than shorter‐lived MCSs. These long‐lived MCSs exhibit the strongest feedback to the environment through diabatic heating in the trailing regions of the MCSs. The feedback strengthens the synoptic‐scale trough associated with the MCS by producing an anomaly circulation characterized by a divergent perturbation at high levels over the MCS and a midlevel cyclonic circulation perturbation near the trough line in association with the trailing portion of the MCS. The quasi‐balanced mesoscale vortex may help to maintain the MCS over a long period of time by feeding dry, cool air into the environment at the rear of the MCS region that enhances evaporative cooling and helps maintain the MCS.
Evaluation of an Improved Quasi‐stochastic Collection Model Through Precipitation Prediction Over North Central Mongolia
Authors: Lkhamjav Jambajamts , Jeon Ye‐Lim , Lee Hyunho , Baik Jong‐Jin , Seo Jaemyeong Mango
Published: December 2017

One of the key components of bin microphysics schemes is the quasi‐stochastic collection equation that describes the collection process of cloud particles. The normal quasi‐stochastic model, hereafter the NQS model, assumes that the time step is infinitesimally small, so that a cloud particle can collide with other cloud particle only once within the time step. However, since the time step is finite, a cloud particle can collide with other cloud particle more than one time within the time step. Hence, the improved quasi‐stochastic model that realizes this approach, hereafter the IQS model, is physically more reasonable. This study provides the evaluation of the IQS model against the NQS model in precipitation prediction. For this, a precipitation event observed over north central Mongolia on 21 August 2014 is simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a detailed bin microphysics scheme. The surface precipitation amount is larger in the IQS model than in the NQS model, particularly over the strong precipitation region. The IQS model increases the mass contents of small drops and large drops due to multiple collisions. The increased large drops contribute to the increase in surface precipitation amount. The increased small drops are transported upward, which eventually leads to an increase in snow mass content. Deposition and riming in the IQS model occur more actively, further increasing snow mass content. The increased snow mass content also contributes to the increase in surface precipitation amount through melting.
Investigating Dry Deposition of Ozone to Vegetation
Authors: Silva Sam J. , Heald Colette L.
Published: December 2017

Atmospheric ozone loss through dry deposition to vegetation is a critically important process for both air quality and ecosystem health. The majority of atmospheric chemistry models calculate dry deposition using a resistance‐in‐series parameterization by Wesely (1989), which is dependent on many environmental variables and lookup table values. The uncertainties contained within this parameterization have not been fully explored, ultimately challenging our ability to understand global scale biosphere‐atmosphere interactions. In this work, we evaluate the GEOS‐Chem model simulation of ozone dry deposition using a globally distributed suite of observations. We find that simulated daytime deposition velocities generally reproduce the magnitude of observations to within a factor of 1.4. When correctly accounting for differences in land class between the observations and model, these biases improve, most substantially over the grasses and shrubs land class. These biases do not impact the global ozone burden substantially; however, they do lead to local absolute changes of up to 4 ppbv and relative changes of 15% in summer surface concentrations. We use MERRA meteorology from 1979 to 2008 to assess that the interannual variability in simulated annual mean ozone dry deposition due to model input meteorology is small (generally less than 5% over vegetated surfaces). Sensitivity experiments indicate that the simulation is most sensitive to the stomatal and ground surface resistances, as well as leaf area index. To improve ozone dry deposition models, more measurements are necessary over rainforests and various crop types, alongside constraints on individual depositional pathways and other in‐canopy ozone loss processes.
Linking Barbados Mineral Dust Aerosols to North African Sources Using Elemental Composition and Radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb Isotope Signatures
Authors: Bozlaker Ayse , Prospero Joseph M. , Price Jim , Chellam Shankararaman
Published: December 2017

Large quantities of African dust are carried across the Atlantic to the Caribbean Basin and southern United States where it plays an important role in the biogeochemistry of soils and waters and in air quality. Dusts' elemental and isotopic composition was comprehensively characterized in Barbados during the summers of 2013 and 2014, the season of maximum dust transport. Although total suspended insoluble particulate matter (TSIP) mass concentrations varied significantly daily and between the two summers, the abundances (μg element/g TSIP) of 50 elements during “high‐dust days” (HDD) were similar. Aerosols were regularly enriched in Na, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, and W relative to the upper continental crust. Enrichment of these elements, many of which are anthropogenically emitted, was significantly reduced during HDD, attributed to mixing and dilution with desert dust over source regions. Generally, Ti/Al, Si/Al, Ca/Al, Ti/Fe, Si/Fe, and Ca/Fe ratios during HDD differed from their respective values in hypothesized North African source regions. Nd isotope composition was relatively invariant for “low‐dust days” (LDD) and HDD. In contrast, HDD‐aerosols were more radiogenic exhibiting higher 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios compared to LDD. Generally, Barbados aerosols' composition ranged within narrow limits and was much more homogeneous than that of hypothesized African source soils. Our results suggest that summertime Barbados aerosols are dominated by a mixture of particles originating from sources in the Sahara‐Sahel regions. The Bodélé Depression, long suspected as a major source, appears to be an insignificant contributor of summertime western Atlantic dust.