bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and Lp(a) levels on coronary artery disease with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Yong , Chen Lei , Shao Yameng , Zhang Min , Zhi Li , Lu Yuan
Published: July 2022

Objective

To explore the influence of apolipoprotein E ( APOE) genotypes and blood lipid metabolism on coronary artery disease (CAD) with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Patients with suspected CAD were consecutively enrolled and divided into groups with or without CAD and/or AF. Blood lipid levels and APOE genotypes were determined and analysed for associations with CAD and AF.

Results

A total of 2048 patients were included (400 patients without CAD or AF [controls], 126 patients without CAD but with AF, 1294 patients with CAD without AF, and 228 patients with CAD and AF). Age and lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) levels were significantly higher in patients with CAD and AF versus those with CAD without AF. Among patients with CAD, the E3/E3 genotype and ε3 allele frequencies were significantly lower in patients with AF than in those without AF, and the E4/E4 genotype and ε4 allele frequencies were significantly increased. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that increased Lp(a) levels and age were independent risk factors for AF in patients with CAD.

Conclusion

Among patients with CAD, those with AF had increased age, ε4 frequencies and Lp(a) levels. Age and Lp(a) levels may be independent risk factors for AF in patients with CAD.
Framing Perpetrators of Sexual Violence Who Participate in Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA): An Analysis of Global Print Media Reporting
Authors: Richards Kelly , Biron Dean
Published: July 2022

Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA) are now part of the criminal justice landscape in various parts of the world. While CoSA have received considerable media attention, it is not yet known how they are portrayed in the media. This study addressed this gap by analyzing newspaper coverage of CoSA from across the English-speaking world. Overall, it identified that representations of those convicted of sexual violence in print media accounts of CoSA differ substantially from those identified in previous scholarship. We argue therefore that the nature of CoSA as an intervention may allow for more sympathetic and humanistic representation. The findings provide a platform from which the international CoSA community can develop strategic approaches to interacting with the media.
Pediatric screen exposure and school related headache disability
Authors: Langdon Raquel , Mandel Alexandra , Cameron Mark , Pierce Emily , McCracken Emily , Strelzik Jeffrey , McClintock William , Bost James , DiSabella Marc
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Prolonged screen exposure is often cited as a trigger for pediatric headache. We present initial findings evaluating the association between adolescent screen use type, duration, and school disability.

Methods

New patients aged 12–17 years presenting to a headache clinic were screened and surveyed regarding headache characteristics, behavioral habits, school attendance, and screen utilization.

Results

99 adolescents (29 M, 70 F) with average age 14.8 years and average headache frequency of 17 days per month completed the survey. Patients missed an average of five full days and three partial days of school due to headaches over the 90 days prior to survey completion. No statistically significant correlation was found between type or duration of screen exposure and monthly headache frequency, school attendance, or school functioning. A small positive association was seen between increasing duration of computer use, total hours screen use, and school absenteeism. While most adolescents reported prolonged screen use (58.6%) and luminosity (64.6%) worsened headaches, no statistical difference was seen in average number of headache days per month.

Conclusions

Average monthly headache frequency in an adolescent population was not significantly correlated with type or duration of screen exposure. Further studies are needed to elucidate how screen utilization impacts school related headache disability.
5-Year Arthroscopy-Free Survivorship and Outcomes of Adolescents Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Comparison Between Traumatic and Atraumatic Injuries
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Paraschos Olivia A. , Jimenez Andrew E. , Owens Jade S. , Maldonado David R. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: July 2022

Background:

There is a paucity of literature evaluating the outcomes of adolescent patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with a discrete traumatic event related to an injury.

Purpose:

(1) To evaluate 5-year outcomes of adolescents undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS with traumatic injuries (TIs) and (2) to compare the traumatic group with a propensity-matched control group of patients with atraumatic injuries.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were reviewed for all adolescent patients (<18 years) undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS with a TI between November 2008 and March 2015. Patients were included if they had preoperative and minimum 5-year follow-up outcomes for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale for pain. The Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), minimum clinically important difference (MCID), and maximum outcome improvement satisfaction threshold (MOIT) were also calculated for both groups. Adolescents with TI were propensity matched in a 1:2 ratio according to age at surgery, sex, and body mass index (BMI) to a control group of adolescents who reported atraumatic hip symptoms (AHSs). Survivorship was defined as having no secondary surgery on the ipsilateral hip.

Results:

A total of 31 patients (32 hips) with TI, out of 39 total patients (40 hips) (80%), were included with a mean follow-up time of 72.2 ± 24.1 months and age of 15.8 ± 1.3 years. The TI group demonstrated significant improvement in all patient-reported outcomes (PROs) ( P < .001) and demonstrated high rates of MCID (78.3%) and PASS (91.3%) for the mHHS. When compared with a propensity-matched control group of 64 AHS hips (57 patients), the TI group demonstrated similar rates of improvement in all PROs, as well as rates of achieving the MCID, PASS, and MOIT for all PROs; however, the TI group demonstrated significantly higher revision rates compared with controls (28.1% vs 6.3%; P = .008).

Conclusion:

Adolescent patients with TIs undergoing hip arthroscopy demonstrated favorable outcomes for all PROs ( P < .001) and achieved high rates of MCID (78.3%) and PASS (91.3%) for the mHHS. When compared with a propensity-matched control group of adolescents with atraumatic injuries undergoing hip arthroscopy, they achieved similar levels of improvement, postoperative scores, and clinical benefit thresholds; however, reoperation rates were higher in the TI group compared with controls.
Differentiation in Posterior Tibial Slope by Sex, Age, and Race: A Cadaveric Study Utilizing 3-Dimensional Computerized Tomography
Authors: Clinger Bryce N. , Plaster Scott , Passarelli Talia , Marshall Justin , Wascher Daniel C.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Posterior tibial slope (PTS) has recently gained increased attention for its possible role in anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament injury. The possible differences among age, sex, and ethnicity in PTS have not yet been reported.

Purpose:

To describe demographic variances of proximal tibial anatomy and to detect differences in regard to ethnicity, sex, and age.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

In total, 250 cadaveric specimens with full-body computerized tomography scans from the New Mexico Descendant Imaging Database were randomly selected (inclusion/exclusion criteria: older than 18 years, complete imaging of the knee without previous surgery or arthroplasty) and reviewed by 3 independent observers measuring medial posterior tibial slope (MPTS), lateral posterior tibial slope (LPTS), and global posterior tibial slope (PTS), which was calculated as the mean of the MPTS and LPTS. Individuals were evenly divided among male and female and ethnicities/races: African American/Black, Asian American, Hispanic, Native American, and White. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for interobserver reliability and analysis of variance statistical testing to determine statistical significance between groups. Fisher exact test was also used to understand PTS differences among ethnicities when looking at clinically significant values for potential ligamentous injury.

Results:

Measurements were obtained from 250 specimens with a mean age of 49.4 years (range, 19 to 103 years). The mean PTS was 8.92° (range, –9.4° to 14.95°). Asian Americans had a 1.7° greater mean MPTS than Whites ( P = .016), and African Americans/Blacks had a 1.6° greater mean PTS than Whites ( P = .022). No difference in mean PTS was seen between age and sex. When looking at clinically significant PTS, 61 (24.4%) individuals had tibial slopes <6° or >12°, 32 (12.8%) and 29 (11.6%), respectively. Statistically significant differences were seen among ethnicities with PTS <6° ( P = .017) but not with PTS >12° ( P = .106). No sex-based differences were seen in the percentage of specimens with a PTS of >12° or <6°.

Conclusion:

Among ethnicities, African Americans/Blacks and Asian Americans have increased PTS in comparison with Whites. Nearly 25% of individuals have clinically significant slopes of <6° or >12°, with no difference in tibial slope among sex or age groups.
Characteristics of ultrafast laser processing aramid fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: Cheng Jian , Zhang Peng , He Zongtai , Lou Deyuan , Yang Qibiao , Liu Dun
Published: July 2022

Processing of aramid fiber reinforced plastics (AFRP) with traditional cutting or milling methods usually result in low machining accuracy and poor edge quality. In this paper, ultrafast laser ablation of AFRP was systematically implemented to test its applicability for the material processing. The responses of AFRP to ultrafast laser pulse lengths, laser fluence, and repetition rates were carefully studied. It is found that single pulse volume removal rate, material removal efficiency, and the ablated surface roughness are in positive correlation with laser pulse lengths, laser fluence, and repetition rates. Sample surface morphology study revealed that heat accumulation and carbonization are easier to occur for high laser repetition rates due to the low decomposition temperature and thermal conductivity of AFRP components. The findings may give useful guide for ultrafast laser processing of similar composite materials.
Breast Fat Grafting: Comparing Filtration-Centrifugation to Filtration-Washing Fat Processing
Authors: Troell Robert J.
Published: July 2022

Breast Fat Grafting:

Comparing 2 fat processing methods and learned clinical experience.

Introduction:

Since alloplastic breast implants suffer from numerous potential complications and revision surgery, some practitioners and patients seek alternative treatment. Autologous fat grafting has gained popularity due to its safety and scientific advances yielding increased survival.

Materials and Methods:

Laboratory evaluation of fat specimens compared to ultrasound-assisted and suction-assisted fat harvesting is presented. The filtration-washing device (PureGraft) versus the filtration-centrifugation device (LipoKit) were compared using both clinical evaluation, laboratory analysis, and diagnostic ultrasound to assess fat thickness before and after surgical placement.

Results:

The study evaluated 12 women electing breast fat transfer, 6 undergoing PureGraft for processing (mean 29.2 years, Mean BMI 25.5), with 3 of these using suction-assisted harvested fat and 3 using ultrasound-assisted harvested fat. The initial group had 6 patients (mean 28.5 years, Mean BMI 25.1) that had undergone LipoKit fat processing, with 3 of these using suction-assisted harvested fat and 3 using ultrasound-assisted harvested fat. Fat placed ranged between 100 cc and 240 cc per breast in the subcutaneous plane, with a mean of 171.7 cc for LipoKit and 169.2 cc for the PureGraft group. LipoKit fat processing revealed fat grafted breasts to be 40% thicker via diagnostic ultrasound at 10 weeks and 29% thicker at a mean of 7 months and 10 days. The ultrasound-assisted fat harvesting using LipoKit found a mean fat viability of 91.5% compared to 81.8% with PureGraft. Suction-assisted fat harvesting using LipoKit found a mean fat viability of 92.1% compared to 91.5% with PureGraft.

Discussion:

Our clinical study revealed that in the patient population that elected breast fat grafting as the method of augmentation, there was a high patient satisfaction rate. The filtration-centrifugation system has several advantages: (1) centrifugation forces injuries the larger, more mature, less likely to survive adipocytes (2) the process removes the oil content much more efficiently and in greater quantities than PureGraft, (3) more efficiently and in greater quantities extracts the wetting fluid (4) absence of washing inhibits the removal of lipoaspirate containing growth factors and cytokines, (5) Compacts the fat, and finally (6) Concentrates adipose-derived stem cells and stromal vascular fraction progenitor support cells. There was no difference in fat viability comparing suction-assisted to ultrasound-assisted liposuction fat harvesting.

Conclusions:

Breast fat grafting using the Filtration-Centrifugation device (LipoKit) revealed superior volume results compared to the Filtration-Washing device (PureGraft), with no difference with suction or ultrasound fat harvesting.
Health Benefits of a 16-Week Whole Food, High Fiber, Plant Predominant Diet among U.S. Employees
Authors: Kelly Rebecca , Hanus Amy , Payne-Foster Pamela , Calhoun Janet , Stout Ron , Sherman Bruce W
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To assess improvements in eating behaviors and health measures among adults participating in a whole food plant predominant diet, Full Plate Living (FPL) program.

Design

Retrospective, post hoc analysis of self-reported 16-week pre-post participant data obtained over a 3 year program period (2017-19).

Setting

Wellness offering for employees in Southwest U.S.

Subjects

Of 6,820 enrollees, 4,477 completed the program, further segmented by generational cohorts.

Intervention

FPL program materials and weekly online video lessons.

Measures

Baseline and follow-up measures included eating behaviors, self-perceived health status and energy, body weight, and confidence in healthy eating and weight loss.

Analysis

Paired t-tests were used to examine changes in eating behaviors and health measures. Mixed-effects models were used to examine whether changes among generational cohorts differed.

Results

Significant pre-post improvements were demonstrated for all measures, including servings of fruits (1.54 to 2.34), vegetables (2.05 to 2.87), beans (.63 to .99), and weight loss (3.5) ( P < .001). Self-perceived health and energy values, and confidence in making healthy food choices and losing weight improved ( P < .001). Improvements were observed across generational cohorts ( P < .001).

Conclusion

The FPL healthy eating approach has a beneficial impact on health measures across generational cohorts, and may be an effective addition to lifestyle medicine and corporate wellness offerings. Longer-term program evaluation is warranted.
Seedlings in the Corporate Forest: Communicating Benevolent Sexism in Dow Chemical’s First Internal Affirmative-Action Campaign
Authors: Cullinan Megan E. , Maison Kourtney , Parks Melissa M. , Krall Madison A. , Krebs Emily , Mann Benjamin , Jensen Robin E.
Published: July 2022

Organizational affirmative-action programs have often failed to reach their goals, especially in the context of STEM professions and companies. Our study analyzes one of the first internal affirmative-action initiatives, Dow Chemical’s “Know More in ‘74” (KMi74) campaign, to explore discursive components that may play a role in this problem. An exploratory analysis of the campaign’s pamphlets revealed that KMi74 upheld a framework of benevolent sexism. In subsequent analysis, we found that KMi74 communicated benevolent sexism through appeals espousing: (a) vagueness via generalization and absurdity, (b) circularity via redundancy and buzzwords, and (c) disingenuity via bait and switch argumentation. We suggest, given the government’s public recognition of KMi74 as legislatively compliant, these appeals functioned historically as organizational scripts for inclusion initiatives in the years that followed, scripts that upheld (and continue to uphold) the law but not the changes in practice necessary for the achievement of meaningful inter-organizational opportunity and equity.
Aggregation effects on flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over curved stretching/shrinking surface with Lorentz forces
Authors: Ullah Basharat , Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Khan Umar , Bhatti Saira
Published: July 2022

Magnetohydrodynamic, mass suction improves the efficiency of aggregation effects on flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over curved stretching/shrinking surface with Lorentz forces are explored in this research study, which is two-dimensional. In order to solve the partial differential equations, the similarity transformation is used to translate them into ordinary differential equations. Numerical analysis of the model is performed using RK- 4 technique coupled with the shooting technique. The local Nusselt number, velocity, and temperature profiles, as well as the skin friction coefficient, are all now being studied. The solution can be found by analyzing a precise range of characteristics, such as stretching/shrinking, suction, and curvature. These metrics critical values fall as the nanoparticle volume fractions increase, indicating that they are becoming more stable.
Thermal analysis to investigate the effects of operating parameters on conventional cupola furnace efficiency
Authors: Ajah Stephen A. , Idorenyin Donald , Ezurike Benjamin O. , Nwokenkwo Uchenna , Ikwuagwu Chibuzo V.
Published: July 2022

Background: Thermal analysis was performed on a conventional 6.5 m high dome with a 0.65 m diameter at Nigeria Railway Corporation. Energy and thermal analyses were performed on the furnace to improve efficiency and minimize energy losses in the system. Results: The energy efficiency recorded was 55%. The losses in the furnace amount to 45%, the highest value being the heat loss to the combustion gas at 34%. A parametric study was examined to see the effect of some design and operational parameters on furnace efficiency through energy savings and the study found a positive trend. The parameters include the flue gas temperature, the combustion air inlet temperature, the thickness, and the emissivity of the refractory wall. A decrease in the temperature of the flue gases increased the efficiency of the furnace to 73%, an increase in the air inlet temperature increased the efficiency of the furnace to 61%, and an increase in the thickness of the refractory wall increased the efficiency of the furnace. Oven to 56% and a decrease in emissivity of the refractory wall increased the efficiency of the furnace to 56%. Conclusions: The studied parameters were further combined and their net effect showed a possible increase in furnace efficiency from 55% to 78%. The maximum efficiency of 78% was determined with respect to the minimum/maximum estimated values of the parameters studied, as more metals are melted with the combined energy saved from a variation of these parameters. This implies that cupola furnace or similar furnace designers or operators should be guided on the preheating conditions, thickness, and emissivity of the refractory wall to be used with other parametric combinations to be adopted to ensure energy efficiency and improvement in such furnaces.
Wind tunnel testing on the aerodynamic effect on a train with single-sided and double-sided wind barriers of different lengths
Authors: Gu Houyu , Liu Tanghong , Gao Hongrui , Liu Zhiqi , Cheng Sijin
Published: July 2022

In this study, wind tunnel tests were used to study the effect of changes in the length of a wind barrier on the aerodynamic performance of a train with single-sided and double-sided wind barriers. The results showed that in the condition of a double-sided wind barrier, as the length of the wind barrier increased, the pressure change on the windward side of the train was significantly smaller than that of the single-sided wind barrier. When the length of the wind barrier is less than 21.67 H (H is the height of the train), in the condition of the two types of wind barrier, the direction of the side force coefficient is opposite to the direction of the incoming flow. As the length of the wind barrier changes, the drag coefficient with the double-sided wind barrier is obviously more stable than that with the single-sided wind barrier. For the drag coefficient and lift coefficient, under the condition of double-sided wind barrier, when the length of the wind barrier is greater than 23.65 H, the change amplitude is lower than that of the single-sided wind barrier. For the running safety of the train, it is conservative and approximately accurate at the single-sided barrier length of 25.63 H and double-sided barrier length of 23.65 H.
Cognitive and emotional illness representation of people with chronic hepatitis B in Ghana: A qualitative inquiry
Authors: Ahenkorah Alfred Yanful , Dzansi Gladys , Adjei Charles Ampong
Published: July 2022

Hepatitis B remains a public health concern in Ghana, with an estimated prevalence of 8.4% in adults and 14.3% in adolescents. This study explored the cognitive and emotional illness representations of persons with chronic hepatitis B who sought care at a tertiary hospital’s liver clinic in Ghana. A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was adopted, and 15 participants were purposefully chosen for in-person interviews. The data was analyzed using the content analysis procedure. The findings revealed that participants’ cognitive representations of hepatitis B infection varied. Some believed they got the infection through unsafe sexual practices, while others thought it was from their mother or spiritual sources. Participants’ predominant emotional representations included shock, confusion, and fear. Education about the causes and management of hepatitis B should be addressed as part of patient care.
Film cooling characteristics of trench film hole fed by the internal cross-flow
Authors: Deng Hefang , Teng Jinfang , Zhu Mingmin , Qiang Xiaoqing , Lu Shaopeng
Published: July 2022

The paper describes the film cooling characteristics of the trench film hole fed by the internal cross-flow. Three internal cross-flow cases are investigated by using numerical simulations. Results show that the main flow structures of the smooth and 45° rib cases feature helical and asymmetrical, and that of the 135° rib case is straight and symmetrical. When M = 0.5, the film cooling effectiveness η of the 135° rib case is the highest at two cross-flow Reynolds numbers. As [Formula: see text] increases to 1.0, the η of the 135° rib case at Rec = 100,000 is the highest. When [Formula: see text] = 2.0, interestingly, the highest η is achieved by the 45° rib case at Rec = 100,000. The discharge coefficient and total pressure loss coefficient increase with M for the three cases. The discharge coefficient of the 135° rib case is the highest, whereas that of the 45° rib case is the lowest. And the discharge coefficient at Rec = 100,000 is lower than that at Rec = 50,000 because the blockage is more serious at Rec = 100,000, while the total pressure loss coefficient at Rec = 100,000 is higher than that at Rec = 50,000. When Rec = 50,000, the 135° rib case exhibits a higher heat transfer coefficient HTC than the smooth case, while the area-averaged HTC of the 45° rib case depends on the M. When Rec = 100,000, the area-averaged HTC of the 45° rib case is always highest while that of the 135° rib case is always lowest. In addition, the net heat flux reduction ( NHFR) is mainly affected by the η and is more sensitive to the cross-flow at high Rec and low M.
Evaluation of thiol/disulfide hemostasis and serum Ischemia modified albumin as oxidative stress biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Relationship with major organ involvement and disease activity
Authors: Ermurat Selime , Güler Kazanci Elif , Toka Dilara Isiyel , Ayar Koray , Eren Funda Karakoyunlu , Neşelioğlu Salim
Published: July 2022

Objectives

We aimed to compare thiol/disulfide hemostasis and serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels, which are indicators of oxidative stress (OS), in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with the healthy control (HC) group and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters with disease activity and major organ involvement.

Material-Methods

Eighty-four SLE patients and 96 HCs were included in this study. The disease activity of SLE patients was calculated using The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Patients with SLEDAI-2K ≤ 5 were classified as low disease activity (LDA) and those with SLEDAI-2K > 6 as high disease activity (HDA). Thiol/disulfide hemostasis was evaluated using a new automated method and natural thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulfide (SS) levels, SS/NT, SS/TT, NT/TT ratios, and serum IMA levels were recorded.

Results

NT and TT levels were significantly lower (490.11 ± 123.61 vs 536.96 ± 86.05, p = 0.003) (532.56 ± 125.80 vs 565.72 ± 89.82, p = 0.046), SS level (21.22 ± 11.75 vs 13.37 ± 9.31, p < 0.001) was higher, and SS/TT (4.64 ± 2.93 vs 2.52 ± 1.82, p < 0.001) and SS/NT (4.12 ± 2.33 vs 2.35 ± 1.59, p < 0.001) ratios were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to HCs. IMA values were not different between the two groups ( p = 0.920). NT (449.84 ± 136.98 vs 520.32 ± 104.11, p = 0.012) and TT levels (492.01 ± 138.45±562.97 ± 107.09, p = 0.013) were significantly lower and serum IMA levels (0.802 ± 0.089 vs 0.764 ± 0.040, p = 0.023) were significantly higher in SLE patients with HDA than in LDA patients. There was a weak negative correlation between NT (r = −0.284, p=0.009) (r = −0.291, p = 0.007) and TT levels (r = −0.281, p = 0.010) (r = −0.289, p = 0.008) and a weak positive correlation between IMA levels (r = 0.279, p = 0.011) (r = 0.263, p = 0.016) and SLEDAI-2K, and major organ involvement.

Conclusion

It is thought that thiol/disulfide hemostasis and IMA levels may be used as ideal biomarkers of OS in SLE patients and may reflect the disease activity and major organ involvement.
A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study of Survivality and Functional Outcomes of Stroke Patients Following Hospital Admission
Authors: Ghose Manash , Das Rupjyoti , Barua Amit Ranjan , Deka Prasenjit , Barman Aparajita , Borah Nomal Chandra , Chowdhury Nupur , Barman Ananya
Published: July 2022

Background

Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in India. Data on long-term outcomes of patients with stroke in India are relatively sparse.

Objective

To document survival and long-term functional outcomes of patients with acute stroke and to assess the measures taken for secondary prevention of stroke.

Methods and Material

A five-year retrospective cohort study involving 118 patients with acute stroke was conducted. Details about five years’ survival, functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS], Barthel index [BI], and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS]), and secondary prevention measures were investigated.

Results

Among the patients, 38.1% were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 61.8% were diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was observed to be the predominant risk factor in a majority of the admitted patients. About 30.5% of patients died in the hospital within zero to four weeks after the index event, while 27.1% died during the follow-up period of five years. Approximately 21.1% of patients experienced a recurrent stroke over the next five years which turned out fatal. The quality of life was seriously affected in 32.4% of survivors. It was seen that 40.5% of survivors were fully independent and 45.9% were able to return to their occupation after five years poststroke. Prevalence of severe and very severe depression was observed in 3.4% and 1.7% of survivors, respectively. The majority of the survivors (93.9%) were aware of the risk of recurrent stroke. Physical activities as measures for the prevention of stroke were undertaken by 60.6% of survivors.

Conclusion

Effective strategies for secondary prevention and also for long-term survival after stroke should be initiated as early as possible after the onset of the initial stroke. Stroke survivors should be closely monitored for their functional recovery and behavioral and emotional improvement poststroke.
Shaping Mental Health Reform – Key Tasks for an Incoming Government
Authors: Rosenberg Sebastian , Hickie Ian
Published: July 2022

Objective

To describe a recent process by which mental health service sector leaders identified key elements of strategic, systemic and structural mental health reform. These elements could guide an incoming Federal government.

Method

The paper describes the process undertaken by the Sydney Mental Health Policy Forum between 2019 and 2022. This work generated principles, key domains and finally a set of actions.

Results

Five immediate actions were identified that are cost neutral or require minimal investment. Five further actions requiring realignment of existing funds and/or new funds were also identified.

Conclusions

The task of mental health reform in Australia is both large and overdue. Continued investment in fragmented or piecemeal programmes and services will not propel desired change. Reform must facilitate new regional control of planning, funding and responding to community mental health needs. The actions identified by the Forum set out a menu of opportunities to guide reform over the life of the next Parliament, starting now.
Bilateral acute Iris transillumination after COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Yüksel Murat , Özdemir Hüseyin Baran , Özdek Şengül , Gürelik Gökhan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To report the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of a case of bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) developed after COVID-19 pneumonia.

Method

Case report.

Case

A 66-year-old male patient with COVID-19 pneumonia received systemic treatments of favipiravir, prednisolone, moxifloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam during hospitalization. The patient applied to our clinic with the complaint of blurred vision 20 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.3 in the right eye and 0.5 in the left eye. In the anterior segment examination; ciliary injection, intense pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber, pigment deposits on the lens and iris, 2–3 + cells in the anterior chamber, posterior synechia, and 360 degrees diffuse iris transillumination were observed in both eyes. The pupillary response to light was weak. Bilateral fundus examination were normal. In the anterior chamber sample; HSV, VZV, CMV and Toxoplasma PCR were negative. Bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) diagnosed in the patient and topical 0.1% dexamethasone and topical 1% cyclopentolate were started. In the follow-up, visual acuity increased 1.0 in both eyes, there were no cells in the anterior chamber, and the pigment dispersion was still continuing despite a decrease.

Conclusion

BAIT, which can usually be seen after upper respiratory tract infections, can also be seen after covid 19 pneumonia and be kept in mind as a possible eye involvement in patients with COVID-19 infection.
Re: Effects of Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancies of Tobacco Smoking on the Desire to Quit Among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis
Authors: Regmi Sanjaya , Ward Kenneth D
Published: July 2022

This letter offers commentary on Alanazi and colleagues recent analysis of desire to quit tobacco use among Saudi women, and suggestions for future studies.
Parent and provider satisfaction of telehealth in pediatric surgical subspecialty care: A systematic review
Authors: Gudipudi Rachana , Jungbauer Walter Nicholas , Brennan Emily , Pecha Phayvanh P
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Telehealth is becoming an increasingly common presence in health care, particularly amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We aimed to investigate ways in which telehealth has been implemented in pediatric surgical specialties, as well as the success and satisfaction rates of these interventions.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases for telehealth and pediatric surgical specialties on August 20th, 2021. There were 1227 studies screened and 17 studies met final inclusion criteria for patient, parent/guardian, or physician satisfaction measures of a telehealth intervention in the United States.

Results

Studies implementing telehealth interventions included all major pediatric surgical subspecialties with a total of 2926 patients. Of the 17 studies, common themes were the use of telehealth for synchronous video and/or telephone virtual visits, including comparing virtual visits to in-person clinic visits (nine studies) and postoperative virtual visits (six studies). Telehealth was also used in the perioperative setting to deliver care instructions via mobile application or text message (two studies). Telehealth interventions had a high rate of parent satisfaction (75%–98%), and 57%–75% of parents stated they would choose or prefer virtual appointments in the future, often citing travel and cost savings as benefits. Provider satisfaction was also high with satisfaction scores ranging from 7.5 to 9.4/10.

Discussion

This systematic review suggests that both parent and physician satisfaction with telehealth in pediatric surgical specialties is generally high. Expanding telehealth applications allow greater access to care, particularly for specialized surgical services which often pose significant costs and travel burdens.
The role of frequency in the acquisition of structured variation: The case of Basque ergativity
Authors: Rodríguez-Ordóñez Itxaso
Published: July 2022

Aims and objectives:

This study examines the extent to which new speakers use the Basque ergative case marking ( –k) in the nominal inflection. I specifically ask whether frequency-based factors (language use and lexical frequency) play a role in its use by also considering speakers’ self-claimed Basque identities.

Design/methodology/approach:

The spontaneous speech of 39 Basque–Spanish bilinguals was collected by means of sociolinguistic interviews. Participants were self-stratified according to categories of Basque speakerhood ( euskaldunberri “new speaker”; euskaldun “Basque speaker”; euskaldunzahar “native speaker”). We also considered their proficiency, language use, and sex.

Data and analysis:

In total, 2,755 tokens were extracted for the presence/absence of ergative –k and coded for the following four linguistic factors: verb type, animacy person and number, phonological context, and type of NP. Lexical frequency was operationalized in terms of overall token frequency of lexical verb. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects models in R.

Findings and conclusions:

Results indicate that despite higher incidence of ergative omissions among new speakers, they show (1) consistent mastery of core internal constraints (verb type, phonological context) and (2) gradual structuring based on lexical frequency effects. These omissions occur in pragmatically structured conditions (topic shift, emphasis, and introducing self in narrative) alongside extensions of –k to unaccusative contexts (focus and topicalization). No independent effects of language use were found.

Originality:

This study is the first to examine of Basque ergativity among adult Basque speakers, taking also into account discourse factors, lexical frequency, and speakers’ social identities and proficiencies.

Significance and implications:

First, the mediating effects of lexical frequency are indicative that that sociolinguistic variation is acquired in a piece-meal fashion and that such patterns emerge from discourse as they are used in context. Second, it is argued that the new speakers’ kind of social practices hold key in explaining the reallocation of linguistic constraints in their variable production.
‘Come and get a taste of normal’: Advertising, consumerism and the Coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Sobande Francesca , Klein Bethany
Published: July 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to present unique challenges to governments and organisations around the world, but one sector has incorporated COVID-19 into its core mission with relative ease: advertisers have acknowledged the pandemic while continuing to draw on notions of ‘normality’ to activate our desire to consume. As the UK’s series of lockdowns have come to an end, we look back over more than a year of unusual advertising and consider how the pandemic has changed approaches to marketing and the shape of consumer culture in ways connected to ideas about what constitutes ‘normal’ life. Discussions of the relationship between the pandemic and consumerism have included critiques of the prioritising of profit over people, and conceptualisations of Coronavirus as a brand itself, but the politics of notions of ‘normality’ promoted by consumer culture demand closer consideration. This article complements existing studies and debates by examining the tensions, contradictions and morally neutral positions revealed by the advertising response to the coronavirus disease pandemic. Through an analysis of UK advertising campaigns launched during and with reference to the pandemic, this work explores key themes and strategies, including their connection to power dynamics concerning race, gender, class and capitalism. We suggest advertising during crises may offer the opportunity to critique larger dynamics and trends of consumerism, including narrow notions of the defining features of ‘everyday’ life.
Radical right populism and the sociology of punishment: Towards a research agenda
Authors: Hamilton Claire
Published: July 2022

The recent populist ‘explosion’ in the US, UK and Europe has pushed radical right populist movements to the centre of western politics. Given criminology's long experience of penal populism in the 1980s and subsequent decades, these developments raise important questions as to the role of sociology of punishment, and the wider discipline of criminology, in responding to far-right populism. This article aims to takes stock of the existing literature on this phenomenon with a view to proposing a tentative criminological research agenda that may contribute to our understanding of the recent rise of authoritarian politics in Europe, the UK and US. While highlighting the continued salience of the emotions in contemporary ‘security populism’, the article cautions against what has been described as a ‘pathologising’ approach to research in this area. Building on this, the paper advances an argument for a criminological research agenda based on a post-dualistic understanding of political affects that seeks to move the analytic focus beyond negativity.
Snap-along ethnography: Studying visual politicization in the social media age
Authors: Luhtakallio Eeva , Meriluoto Taina
Published: July 2022

In this article, we argue that two significant shifts, namely, the blurring of lives offline and online and the increasing significance of the visual character of these lives, pose new challenges to social science research methods. We propose the application of snap-along ethnography to address these challenges. Snap-along ethnography is an ethnographic method with three core features: (1) participant observation conducted simultaneously offline and online, (2) a concomitant analytical focus on the act of taking, sharing, posting and commenting on images and the content of the images taken, and (3) a research design that builds on the participants’ own, spontaneous and self-originating actions of taking images. We illustrate the application and benefits of the method with examples from an ongoing research on young people’s visual forms of political action.
Attachment Security Priming Affecting Mating Strategies Endorsement among College Students
Authors: Uhlich Maximiliane , Gillath Omri , Schachner Dory A. , Shaver Phillip R.
Published: July 2022

Exposure to environmental cues reflecting potential threats to future survivability is associated with a stronger endorsement of short-term mating strategies. Less is known, however, about the effects of safety and security cues. In four studies, we examined the effects of attachment-related security cues compared to neutral cues on preferences for short- and long-term mating strategies. Preferences were assessed using self-report and behavioral measures. In line with Life History Theory (LHT) and our hypotheses, exposure to attachment-related security cues was mainly associated with a stronger preference for long-term mating strategies and a weaker preference for short-term strategies. Our internal meta-analysis of the experimental security manipulations across studies provided further support for the association between state attachment security and endorsement of mating strategies. We also found some predictable effects of gender and relationship status. Implications for LHT and attachment theory are discussed. (139 words)
The Recovery Journey and the Rehabilitation Boat - A qualitative study to explore experiences of COVID-19 rehabilitation
Authors: Gerlis Charlotte , Barradell Amy , Gardiner Nikki Y , Chaplin Emma , Goddard Amye , Singh Sally J , Daynes Enya
Published: July 2022

Introduction

There are early data to suggest that a rehabilitation programme can help with on-going symptoms of COVID-19, including breathlessness, exercise limitation and fatigue. As yet, there are no published data to understand patients’ perceived acceptability of a rehabilitation programme for COVID-19.

Methods

2 focus groups ( n = 9) and 4 one to one interviews were conducted with participants who attended a rehabilitation program following COVID-19. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis with an inductive approach.

Results

Two overarching themes were generated from the data. The first, The Recovery Journey is sub-divided into five sub-themes of Expectations, Individual and Varied Journeys, Mental and Physical Improvements, Self-values and The Journey Continues. The second overarching theme, The Rehabilitation boat contains five subthemes: Programme Delivery, Safe and Supportive, Validation and Assurance, Shared Reflections and Education.

Conclusion

A rehabilitation programme for post COVID-19 symptoms was considered to be acceptable and viewed positively in terms of improving physical and mental symptoms. The opportunity to share the experience with others in the same boat was highly valued in the context of an unexpected and potentially lonely COVID-19 recovery.
Mid-term Results of the Treatment of Isolated Dissection of the Celiac Artery: A Comparative Analysis of Endovascular Versus Conservative Therapy
Authors: Shang Tao , Zhou Hua-ji , Wang Yi-shu , Qiu Chenyang , Chen Tian-chi , Sun Jie , Lu Tian , Wu Ziheng , Zhang Hongkun , Li Zhenjiang , Li Dong-lin
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Endovascular treatment (EVT) is an alternative method used to treat isolated dissection of the celiac artery (IDCA). However, only a few mid-term results have been reported. This study aimed to analyze and compare the outcomes of endovascular and non-operative therapies for IDCA.

Methods:

Data from a cohort of consecutive IDCA patients enrolled in the study hospital between April 2012 and September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information, imaging features, treatment modalities, and follow-up results of celiac artery remodeling and adverse events were collected and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 87 patients were enrolled in the study. Stents were deployed in 68 patients, and non-operative treatment (blood pressure control and pain management) was continued in the remaining 19 patients who did not receive stenting; among these 19 patients, EVT failed in 6. The mean follow-up period was 37.3 (range, 10–85 months) and 44.0 (range, 9–80 months) months in the EVT and non-operative groups, respectively. During follow-up, the overall complete remodeling (absence of residual dissection with no false lumen or no intramural thrombus) rate was significantly higher in the EVT group than in the non-operative group (87.3% vs 7.1%, p<0.001). The incomplete remodeling (improved true lumen with malabsorption or partial thrombosis of the false lumen) rate was not significantly different between the EVT and non-operative groups (6.3% vs 14.3%; p=0.2984). Meanwhile, the adverse event-free survival rates were 89.0%, 67.0%, and 67.0% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, in the EVT group compared with 39.7% and 29.8% at 1 and 3 years in the non-operative group (p<0.0001).

Conclusions:

EVT for IDCA may be considered an effective management option with a favorable clinical success rate, an encouraging complete remodeling rate, and a satisfactory adverse event-free survival rate. However, further evaluation with a long-term follow-up is required.

Clinical Impact

Endovascular intervention for isolated dissection of the celiac artery has attracted inadequate attention. In this retrospective study with comparative analysis of endovascular versus conservative therapy for isolated dissection of the celiac artery patients, a better complete remodeling rate and a higher adverse event-free survival rate were observed in the endovascular treatment (EVT) group during follow-up, indicating that EVT could be an effective management option for isolated dissection of the celiac artery.
Staged stent-assisted, transcirculatory coiling of partially-thrombosed, mixed saccular and fusiform SCA aneurysm
Authors: Raygor Kunal P , Caton M Travis , Tonetti Daniel A , Baker Amanda , Dubnicoff Todd B , Abla Adib A
Published: July 2022

SCA aneurysms are rare, making data on their management sparse compared to other posterior circulation aneurysms. While saccular aneurysms at the SCA origin can be treated with primary coiling or surgical clipping, fusiform and distal SCA aneurysms often require endovascular techniques such as stent-assisted coil embolization or parent vessel occlusion. We present a case of a mixed saccular/fusiform SCA aneurysm that underwent staged stent-assisted coil embolization. A right SCA stent was placed in the first stage. Given the acute angle between the BA and the SCA, microcatheter access and stent placement proved challenging. The decision was made to allow the stent to endothelialize and return in a staged fashion to perform a trans-radial, transcirculatory (trans-left PCoA, trans-left PCA) coil embolization. This provided a straight course between the left P1 segment and the right SCA origin, allowing easy microcatheter navigation through the stent and into the aneurysm for coil embolization.