bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Calcium Chloride Weighted Polymer Fracturing Fluid for Ultra Deep and High Stress Reservoirs
Authors: Deng Shengxue , Wang Mingwei , Yang Zhanwei , Zhang Heng , Gao Yong , Nie Wancai
Published: October 2023

To enhance fracture and conversion effects in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs, a low-cost polymer-weighted fracturing fluid technique was developed using industrial calcium chloride as a weighting agent and synthesizing a polyacrylamide polymer, FA-31, with a molecular weight of 4-6 million, as a thickening agent. In addition, we have developed an amphoteric metal crosslinker capable of forming multiple hydroxyl bridges with crosslinked groups, a novel XG160 high-efficiency gel breaker, and a complete set of stress corrosion inhibitors. The optimal concentration for the use of calcium chloride dihydrate is 46% and the density of aqueous solution is 1.35 g/cm3. The developed highly salt-resistant polymer dissolves rapidly in a high-density calcium chloride salt solution. The industrial calcium chloride gel formed by polymer has a maximum temperature resistance of 170 °C, a shear rate of 170 s-1 for 120 min, and a viscosity of more than 100 mPa·s. It also performs well in high-temperature suspension sand conditions. The viscosity of the gel breaker is less than 5 mPa·s. Laboratory tests have shown a core damage rate of about 20% and no stress corrosion cracking. The on-site application of liquid preparation and construction has been smooth, achieving the desired effect of reducing construction pressure. For example, when refurbishing a 7500 m reservoir, the building pressure can be reduced by 10-20 MPa. On-site testing of calcium chloride-weighted frac fluids has confirmed their effectiveness as a cost-effective alternative to conventional weighted frac fluids, providing a viable solution for the conversion of deep, ultra-deep, high-stress oil and gas reservoirs.
Optimization Study of Internal Cooling Structure of Ball Screw Sub for CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Li Shuai , Lv Guimei
Published: October 2023

As the core component of CNC machine tool transmission, ball screws are of great significance for CNC machine tools in terms of transmission accuracy. When the machine tool continues to work, the ball screw will inevitably generate high temperature, thus thermal expansion phenomenon, thus affecting the quality of machining products.in order to solve the problem of ball screw pair temperature rise, a screw with spiral internal cooling structure was designed, the results show that the surface temperature of the screw is not lower, but more uniform. The temperature distribution in the radial direction of the screw internal cooling structure is more balanced than that of the hollow internal cooling structure, and the overall cooling effect is more obvious.
CO2 Corrosion of X80 Steel under High Shear Flow Fields
Authors: Dou Xiaohui , Zhang Dalei , Li Yan
Published: October 2023

Corrosion failure accidents owing to flow erosion and pipeline corrosion frequently occur during transportation. In this study, a high wall shear stress (WSS) experimental setup was established to conduct the online electrochemical corrosion test. The corrosion behavior of welded joints in NACE solution was studied by electrochemical experimental methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and wire harness microelectrode (WBE). The results show that different areas of the welded joint show different corrosion phenomena in NACE solution. The weld metal (WM) has the significantly better corrosion resistance, while the base metal (BM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) have worst corrosion resistance than WM. The current of the WM surface was cathodic current, while the current of the BM and HAZ surface were anode currents.
Synthesis and Corrosion Inhibition of a New Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Media
Authors: Gao Yuhua , Li Haihua , Zheng Yuxuan , Zhang Lihui , Liu Zhenfa
Published: October 2023

A corrosion inhibitor thioaminourea-2-hydroxyphosphonylacetic (TSC-HPAA) acid was developed and synthesized for the acidic water. The effect of monomer molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on corrosion inhibition performance were investigated. Comparison of corrosion inhibition performance with other corrosion inhibitors. The results showed that the synthesized corrosion inhibitor TSC-HPAA had good corrosion inhibition performance on A3 carbon steel in the acidic water, with a corrosion inhibition rate of 86.2% when the molar ratio of thiosemicarbazide and 2-hydroxyphosphonylacetic acid was 1:1, the reaction time was 9.5 hours, and the reaction temperature was 50 °C.
Cell-laden Electrospinning and Its Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xiao Zihan , Guo Zhenzhao
Published: October 2023

Biomedical science covers a wide area of studies that aim at the health of both humans and animals. New biomaterials and in vitro models for drug discovery and the replication of diseased tissues were developed to achieve this goal. Among the various methods employed in these fields, electrospinning stands out as one of the most widely utilized techniques. This method has garnered significant attention due to its ability to produce materials that closely resemble the fibrous extracellular matrix found in native tissues. The micro/nanofibers generated through electrospinning create a favorable environment for cellular activities, thereby promoting cell growth and function. Cell-laden electrospinning (CLE) is similar to traditional electrospinning, except that CLE would be able to encapsulate living cells in the electrospun fibers. This review mainly discussed the process parameters and the employed materials of CLE and the biomedical application of CLE. Furthermore, it delves into the various applications of CLE in biomedical engineering, with a particular focus on recent advancements in this field.
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Size on the Performance of PE/HPP Hybrid Fiber Concrete
Authors: Guo Qiang
Published: October 2023

Three kinds of continuously graded coarse aggregates with maximum particle sizes of 10mm, 16mm and 20mm were selected from pebble and gravel respectively, then, Slump test, compressive strength test and bending toughness test were carried out to study the influence of maximum particle size of coarse aggregate on the workability, compressive strength, wear resistance and bending behaviour of PE/HPP hybrid fiber concrete. The results show that with the increase of the maximum particle size of coarse aggregate, the work performance, compressive strength and bending toughness of hybrid fiber concrete are improved.
Preface
Authors: Ding Zhongjun
Published: October 2023

MAEM (International Conference on Mechanical Automation and Engineering Materials) is an annually held conference for all researchers at home and abroad since 2022, aiming to provide a good platform for scholars and researchers in the field of mechanical automation, engineering materials and related areas to discuss the latest developments and achievements, work out good solutions, and make contributions.

The Second International Conference on Mechanical Automation and Engineering Materials (MAEM 2023) was held online from August 2 to 3, 2023 for academic exchanges and discussions.

There were over 30 participants from 5 different countries and regions, including China, Russia, Peru and Malaysia, attending MAEM 2023. The conference program was divided into 3 sessions: keynote speeches, oral presentations, and poster presentations. We greatly appreciate Prof. Zhongjun Ding from National Deep Sea Center, China who presided over the conference, and all participants for attending and sharing!

We are honored to invite 4 experts to give impressive keynote speeches: Professor Haibo Liu from Dalian University of Technology, China; Prof. Yajun Liu from South China University of Technology, China; Prof. Li Guo from Hunan University, China and Assoc. Prof. Elammaran Jayamani from the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia.

Following the keynote speakers, 3 scholars made oral presentations respectively. And 1 poster presentation came after it. Reporters shared their latest research findings and audiences were actively involved in discussions.

We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided their time and expertise to review papers and facilitate the smooth running of MAEM. We are extremely grateful to the organizers, technical program committee, and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work and to participants for their active attendance. Our sincere thanks also go to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.

On behalf of the Organizing Committee of MAEM 2023.

List of Technical Program Committee is available in this Pdf.
Device fault diagnosis method based on digital twin server
Authors: Liu Jizhi , Xin Yunwei , Hou Yongkang , Xu Zhonghao , Ma Xiuling , Zhao Lina
Published: October 2023

The digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical system that can be used to simulate and analyze its behavior. In fault diagnosis, digital twin technology is used to create a virtual model of an industrial system, and simulate different scenarios to identify the causes of the fault, and predict the system behavior under different conditions. We propose an equipment fault diagnosis method based on digital twin server. Digital twin server is the intermediary between digital model and real device data interaction. Firstly, the principle and function of digital twin and digital twin server are introduced. Then the method of using digital twin server in equipment fault diagnosis is described. Finally, taking the fault diagnosis of underwater propeller as an example, the validity of the fault diagnosis method based on digital twin server is tested. The digital twin fault diagnosis system of underwater propeller connects the digital model and the real sensing equipment, realizes the fusion of virtual and reality, and the accuracy of the resolution of the short-circuit fault between turns of the stator winding of underwater propeller can reach 85%.
Research on movement law of the deployment process for submerged mooring system
Authors: Xiao Qianjin , Liu Min , Qian Jiachang , Wei Wei
Published: October 2023

Safe deployment is the premise of submerged mooring system before it is put into use. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the deployment process of the full ocean depth submerged mooring system, a calculation model of the laying process is established, and the influence law of the laying movement of the submerged mooring system, under two working conditions of deployment in the deep sea and deployment in the shallow sea, is analyzed and studied. The relevant results have certain guiding significance for the design and engineering application of the submerged mooring system.
Finite-time control based on RBF neural network for quadrotor UAVs with varied mass load
Authors: Duan Jie , Zhou Chun-Gui , Zhao Li-Chen , Jia Yi-Yue , Liu Zhi-Xi
Published: October 2023

Aiming at the problem of the gradual reduction of the weight and the external wind disturbance affect flight performance of the quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), a dual-loop finite time control strategy based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is proposed. The UAV model under disturbance is decoupled into position outer loop subsystem and attitude inner loop subsystem. In the outer loop, the changing weight and the external wind disturbance are approximated by using RBF neural network, command filter is used to avoid the “computing explosion” problem in the traditional backstepping method, and the finite-time control method is able to improve the convergence speed of the position. In the inner loop, the cascade RBF neural network PID control which relies on the self-learning of neural network to realize the dynamic tuning of PID parameters is adopted to achieve rapid convergence of the attitude angle. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional backstepping method and cascade PID control, the convergence time is reduced by 31% on average, which verifies the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Numerical simulation of reactive composite jet penetrating concrete target
Authors: Liang He Liang , Yin Jian Ping , Ya Yi Jian
Published: October 2023

In order to allow more reactive material to enter the penetration hole when the initiation delay time of reactive material arrives, a double-layered liner structure with inner and outer liners of unequal height is designed. The outer liner is polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/AL) reactive material, and the inner liner is metal material. The AUTODYN software were used to study the effects of height ratio α of the inner and outer liners and inner liner material on the reactive composite jet forming and penetrating C35 concrete target. The results show that when α varies, the composite liner forms a reactive composite jet composed of different materials at the head. When α is 4/5, the composite jet can both cause a large penetration depth on the target plate and allow more reactive material to enter the penetration hole. When the material of inner liner is titanium, almost all the reactive material follows the metal precursor penetrator into the penetration hole, which can significantly exert the combined damage effect of penetration and demolition.
Research on dynamic response and deformation evolution of a rectangular recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular column under small-equivalent loads and weak disturbances
Authors: Wan Sheng , Peng Sheng , Yao Yin-kang , He Li , Cai Lu-Jun
Published: October 2023

To study the dynamic response and deformation evolution of the rectangular recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tubular (RRACFST) column under small-equivalent loads and weak disturbances, the measuring methods of blasting and the arrangement of measuring points were precisely handled. Three contact explosion tests were conducted on the RRACFST column to obtain their failure modes, dynamic strains, and accelerations. The research results indicate that the range of 20-30g TNT equivalent represents the starting point and critical point of plastic deformation for the RRACFST column. When the explosive quantity increases incrementally under small-equivalent loads and weak disturbances, the radius and size of the explosion crater do not exhibit a linear relationship. The methods of explosive treatment under small-equivalent loads and weak disturbances adhere to the core principles of precision and quantification, meeting engineering requirements. This study provided a theoretical basis and experimental basis for the safety study of RRACFST columns structure under explosion load.
High-tolerance nickel metalized glass gas electron multiplier: development and performance evaluation
Authors: Fujiwara T. , Shimodan C. , A. Majewski P. , Brunbauer F. , Mitsuya Y. , Takahashi H. , Kimura H. , Sato Y. , Harano H. , Tanaka M.
Published: October 2023

Micro-patterned gas detectors (MPGDs) are an important type
of gaseous detector that can amplify and detect a small amount of
electric charge generated by the interaction between radiation and
gas. These detectors have high gain and high spatial resolution,
making them useful in various applications ranging from high energy
physics to medical instrumentation. However, one of the most widely
used MPGDs, Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEMs), may often
experiences electrical discharges due to excessive electric field in
the small space, which reduces their durability. To address this
issue, we previously have developed a new type of GEM that uses
glass as the insulator instead of conventional materials. Our glass
GEM demonstrated excellent gas gain and energy resolution
characteristics. In this work, we used nickel as the electrode,
which has a higher melting point than copper and showed higher
durability against arc discharges. Moreover, the nickel glass GEM
performed comparably to conventional Cu-based glass GEMs in
evaluation using radiation isotopes. Our findings suggest that our
new glass GEM with nickel electrodes is a promising solution to the
durability problem of conventional GEMs. This could lead to
improvements in the performance and longevity of MPGDs, which could
have significant implications for various applications in the fields
of physics, engineering, and medicine.
The effects of dietary changes in Europe on greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural incomes in Ireland and Denmark
Authors: Geibel Inna , Freund Florian
Published: October 2023

Livestock farming is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In Europe, the agricultural sectors of Ireland and Denmark are the most livestock-intensive. Based on a scenario analysis using a computable general equilibrium model, we estimate the effects of dietary changes toward the recommendations of the EAT-Lancet Commission in Europe on the agricultural sector of Ireland and Denmark. Our results show that full adoption of the diet reduces agricultural emissions, particularly methane, with potential emission savings of 26.4% or 5.4 Mt CO2-equivalent in Ireland and 21.7%, or 1.9 Mt CO2-equivalent in Denmark. Global agricultural emissions decrease by 2.4% or 193.7 Mt CO2-equivalent. However, incomes in livestock farming fall. This is offset to varying degrees by gains in horticulture and trade dynamics, leading to different outcomes across regions. Policymakers should promote plant-based diets and monitor export dynamics to achieve effective emission reductions. Additionally, methane mitigation strategies should be integrated into climate plans. This study highlights the need for further research on country-specific environmental impacts and trade-offs associated with dietary changes.
A feasibility study on exhaled breath analysis using UV spectroscopy to detect COVID-19
Authors: Sutaria Saurin R , Morris James D , Xie Zhenzhen , Cooke Elizabeth A , Silvers Shavonne M , Long Grace A , Balcom Dawn , Marimuthu Subathra , Parrish Leslie W , Aliesky Holly , Arnold Forest W , Huang Jiapeng , Fu Xiao-An , Nantz Michael H
Published: October 2023

A 23-subject feasibility study is reported to assess how UV absorbance measurements on exhaled breath samples collected from silicon microreactors can be used to detect COVID-19. The silicon microreactor technology chemoselectively preconcentrates exhaled carbonyl volatile organic compounds and subsequent methanol elution provides samples for analysis. The underlying scientific rationale that viral infection will induce an increase in exhaled carbonyls appears to be supported by the results of the feasibility study. The data indicate statistically significant differences in measured UV absorbance values between healthy and symptomatic COVID-19 positive subjects in the wavelength range from 235 nm to 305 nm. Factors such as subject age were noted as potential confounding variables.
Paper test strip for fluorescence detection of iron ion based on nitrogen, zinc and copper codoped carbon dots
Authors: Yang Dou , Jiang Shuhan , Zhang Shuai , Fan Xiaoyu , Shao Xiaodong , Wang Shuhao , Li Rui , Yue Qiaoli
Published: October 2023

In this study, a test strip for fluorometric analysis of iron ion (Fe3+) was constructed based on nitrogen, zinc and copper codoped carbon dots (NZC-CDs) as fluorescence probes. NZC-CDs were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The morphology, size, components, crystal state and optical properties of NZC-CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, respectively. NZC-CDs exhibited bright blue fluorescence under UV lamp with a quantum yield at 17.76%. The fluorescence of NZC-CDs was quenched by Fe3+ possibly due to the static quenching. The possible fluorescence quenching mechanism was also discussed. The quenching fluorescence was linear with the concentration of Fe3+ in the range of 2.5–400 μM with a low detection limit of 0.5 μM. For the convenient detection, the test strips based on filter paper were employed for Fe3+ assay. Moreover, the present approach was successfully applied in the determination of Fe3+ in real samples including black fungus, duck blood and pork liver. The sensing method had the potential application in more food analysis.
Effect of non-thermal effects in microwave heating on the rheology and chemical properties of petroleum asphalt
Authors: Wang Liming , Gong Chun , Song Zikun , Zhu Pandeng , Wang Yunlong
Published: October 2023

This study systematically analyses the rheological properties of typical petroleum asphalt heated by microwaves at different temperatures through viscosity, penetration, dynamic shear, low-temperature bending, and other rheological tests. The results show that the non-thermal effect of microwaves enhances the fluidity of petroleum asphalt in the high-temperature viscous flow state, becomes softer in the medium-temperature viscoelastic state, and becomes hard and brittle in the low-temperature glassy state. The effect of microwaves also causes some specific changes in the properties of bitumen, including softening point and glass transition temperature in the opposite direction, as well as a large difference in the response of bitumen of different viscosities. The chemical changes in microwave-heated bitumen were analyzed using component tests and microscopic observation. It was found that microwave heating homogenized and dispersed the asphaltene aggregates into small particles, with the heavy components significantly reduced and the light components increased.
A perspective on tools for assessing the building sector’s greenhouse gas emissions and beyond
Authors: Greer Fiona , Raftery Paul , Brager Gail , Horvath Arpad
Published: October 2023

Increasing impacts from anthropogenic climate change, coupled with the rising need to provide safe and healthy buildings in which people can live, work, and play, necessitates methods and tools for decarbonizing the building sector. Governments, industry, and others are interested in assessing both the embodied and operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of buildings. Stakeholders have embraced whole building life-cycle assessment (WBLCA) as a framework for quantifying the life-cycle impacts of buildings, from raw material extraction to the building’s end of life. The purpose of this perspective is to offer an analysis on prominently used WBLCA tools, focusing on how well the tools are suited for assessing the embodied and operational GHG emissions from all phases of a building’s life cycle, and to suggest recommendations for improving the tools. Existing WBLCA tools can provide a detailed assessment of most materials used in the building’s core and shell but lack the capability to quantify impacts accurately and comprehensively from all building systems as well as from the construction, transportation, operation, and end-of-life phases. Suggested short term improvements for the tools include: (1) increased standardization among tools and environmental product declarations (EPDs) to allow for detailed comparison among different material options earlier in the design process; (2) incorporation of verified, local-manufacturer EPDs for all building materials, components, and systems and of specific on-site conditions; and (3) integration of tradeoffs between embodied and operational design decisions. We need to move beyond the prevailing approach of using WBLCA tools to select building materials that have the lowest embodied footprint. Future WBLCA tools need to be able to assess, in detail, how different design, construction, transportation, operation, and end-of-life decisions for a building not only affect GHG emissions, but other key sustainability goals including resilience to climate change, environmental justice, and human health of local communities.
Between-hospital care referrals for severe alcohol-related liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 to 2022
Authors: Almazan Erik , Dixon Juliette , Gerstenblith Avi , Andrews Sarah , Flanary James , Cameron Andrew M , Gurakar Ahmet , Chen Po-Hung
Published: October 2023

Increased alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is projected to impact alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) morbidity and mortality. Inter-hospital escalation-of-care referral requests to our tertiary-care hepatology unit were analyzed from January 2020 through December 2022. Most requests to our center were for ALD with an increase in requests from intermediate care units, suggestive of higher acuity illness.
Integrating Lifestyle Factor Science into Neuropsychological Practice: A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper
Authors: Randolph John J , Lacritz Laura H , Colvin Mary K , Espe-Pfeifer Patricia , Carter Kirstine R , Arnett Peter A , Fox-Fuller Joshua , Aduen Paula A , Cullum C Munro , Sperling Scott A
Published: October 2023

Objective

The primary aim of this paper is to review evidence and clinical implications related to lifestyle activities associated with promoting brain and cognitive health. Our review targets four key lifestyle factors: physical activity and exercise, social engagement, cognitively stimulating activity, and consuming Mediterranean-style diets.

Method

We conducted a critical review of the lifestyle factor literature in the four domains listed earlier. We contextualize this literature review by translating findings, when possible, into evidence-based recommendations to consider when providing neuropsychological services.

Results

There is significant current evidence supporting the role of physical activity and exercise, social engagement, cognitively stimulating activity, and consuming Mediterranean-style diets on positive brain and cognitive health outcomes. While some null findings are present in all four areas reviewed, the weight of the evidence supports the notion that engaging in these activities may promote brain and cognitive functioning.

Conclusions

Clinical neuropsychologists can have confidence in recommending engagement in physical activity, social activity, and cognitively stimulating activity, and adhering to a Mediterranean-style diet to promote brain and cognitive health. We discuss limitations in existing lifestyle factor research and future directions to enhance the existing evidence base, including additional research with historically underrepresented groups and individuals with neurological conditions.
Sports Neuropsychologists’ Ratings of Clinical Criteria Used to Help Determine Concussion Recovery: A Brief Survey Report
Authors: Moser Rosemarie S , Schatz Philip , Choi Daniel , Mayer Bridget
Published: October 2023

Objective: To identify criteria used by sports neuropsychologists in determining recovery following sport-related concussion.

Methods: Forty-six sports neuropsychologists completed a custom survey, rating the importance of specific criteria for determining concussion recovery in youth versus adults. Percentages and modal ratings were documented.

Results: “Back to work/school without accommodations,” “No headache after neurocognitive testing,” “Feeling 100% back to normal,” and “No symptoms after noncontact exertion” were rated highest for youth and adults. “Physician examination without concerns” and “Balance testing” were the two lowest rated items for both youth and adults. For youth, “sufficient” amount of time symptom-free needed for recovery was seen as longer than for adults.

Conclusions: There was some similarity in how sports neuropsychologists determine concussion recovery for both adults and youth. Future studies should include a larger sample size and concussion experts from other specialties to identify the current multidisciplinary standard of care.
Multiple long-term conditions in people with psoriasis: a latent class and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chalitsios Christos V , Meena Devendra , Manou Maria , Papagiannopoulos Christos , Markozannes Georgios , Gill Dipender , Su Bowen , Tsilidis Konstantinos K , Evangelou Evangelos , Tzoulaki Ioanna
Published: October 2023

Background

Coexisting long-term conditions (LTCs) in psoriasis and their potential causal associations with the disease are not well ­established.

Objectives

To determine distinct clusters of LTCs in people with psoriasis and the potential bidirectional causal association between these LTCs and psoriasis.

Methods

Using latent class analysis, cross-sectional data from people with psoriasis from the UK Biobank were analysed to identify distinct psoriasis-related comorbidity profiles. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) was applied to compute the genetic correlation between psoriasis and LTCs. Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis assessed the potential causal direction using independent genetic variants that reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10–8).

Results

Five comorbidity clusters were identified in a population of 10 873 people with psoriasis. LDSR revealed that psoriasis was positively genetically correlated with heart failure [genetic correlation (rg) = 0.23, P = 8.8 × 10−8], depression (rg = 0.12, P = 2.7 × 10−5), coronary artery disease (CAD; rg = 0.15, P = 2 × 10−4) and type 2 diabetes (rg = 0.19, P = 3 × 10−3). Genetic liability to CAD was associated with an increased risk of psoriasis [inverse variance weighted (IVW) odds ratio (ORIVW) 1.159, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.055–1.274; P = 2 × 10−3]. The MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO; ORMR-PRESSO 1.13, 95% CI 1.042–1.228; P = 6 × 10−3) and the MR-robust adjusted profile score (RAPS) (ORMR-RAPS 1.149, 95% CI 1.062–1.242; P = 5 × 10−4) approaches corroborate the IVW findings. The weighted median (WM) generated similar and consistent effect estimates but was not statistically significant (ORWM 1.076, 95% CI 0.949–1.221; P = 0.25). Evidence for a suggestive increased risk was detected for CAD (ORIVW 1.031, 95% CI 1.003–1.059; P = 0.03) and heart failure (ORIVW 1.019, 95% CI 1.005–1.033; P = 9 × 10−3) in those with a genetic liability to psoriasis; however, MR sensitivity analyses did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

Five distinct clusters of psoriasis comorbidities were observed with these findings to offer opportunities for an integrated approach to comorbidity prevention and treatment. Coexisting LTCs share with psoriasis common genetic and nongenetic risk factors, and aggressive lifestyle modification in these people is anticipated to have an impact beyond psoriasis risk. Genetically predicted CAD is possibly associated with an increased risk of psoriasis, altering our prior knowledge.
Positive patch testing to the corticosteroid series: a clinical conundrum
Authors: Fleming Sarah , White Ian R , Cunningham Louise , Eustace Karen
Published: October 2023

Hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids represent a clinical paradox as one would not expect such reactions to compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Here we present the case of a patient with positive patch test results to the corticosteroid series.
Association between psoriasis and cardiometabolic comorbidities in a racially and ethnically diverse low-income primary care population
Authors: Rudd Nora , Gonzalez Nathaly , Kohn Michael A , Valladares Herbert Castillo , Chang Aileen Y , Kim Sarah , Amerson Erin H
Published: October 2023

Psoriasis is associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. Many studies that established these associations originated from primarily White and/or relatively affluent populations. To evaluate whether there is a differential risk for cardiometabolic comorbidities in racial/ethnic minorities, we performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing cardiometabolic comorbidities between those with and without psoriasis in a racially and ethnically diverse population of 56 987 low-income patients, stratified by race/ethnicity, and assessed whether race/ethnicity acts as an effect modifier for cardiometabolic comorbidities. We found that psoriasis was statistically significantly associated with obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. The association of psoriasis with comorbidities did not differ significantly by race/ethnicity; thus, we did not find evidence of effect modification. However, our diverse, low-income population had an extremely high baseline prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities compared with previous populations studied. Our results suggest education and intervention regarding modifiable risk factors are particularly important among vulnerable populations.
Surgical management of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
Authors: Kumar Niraj S , Khanji Mohammed Y , Patel Kush P , Ricci Fabrizio , Providencia Rui , Chahal Anwar , Sohaib Afzal , Awad Wael I
Published: October 2023

Aims

Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been demonstrated to be a safe procedure conducted concomitantly alongside cardiac surgery. However, there are conflicting guideline recommendations surrounding indications for surgical ablation. We conducted a systematic review of current recommendations on concomitant surgical AF ablation.

Methods and results

We identified publications from MEDLINE and EMBASE between January 2011 and December 2022 and additionally searched Guideline libraries and websites of relevant organizations in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of 895 studies screened, 4 were rigorously developed (AGREE-II > 50%) and included. All guidelines agreed on the definitions of paroxysmal, persistent, and longstanding AF based on duration and refraction to current treatment modalities. In the Australia–New Zealand (CSANZ) and European (EACTS) guidelines, opportunistic screening for patients >65 years is recommended. The EACTS recommends systematic screening for those aged >75 or at high stroke risk (Class IIa, Level B). However, this was not recommended by American Heart Association or Society of Thoracic Surgeons guidelines. All guidelines identified surgical AF ablation during concomitant cardiac surgery as safe and recommended for consideration by a Heart Team with notable variation in recommendation strength and the specific indication (three guidelines fail to specify any indication for surgery). Only the STS recommended left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) alongside surgical ablation (Class IIa, Level C).

Conclusion

Disagreements exist in recommendations for specific indications for concomitant AF ablation and LAAO, with the decision subject to Heart Team assessment. Further evidence is needed to develop recommendations for specific indications for concomitant AF procedures and guidelines need to be made congruent.
Associations between prenatal exposure to outdoor PM2.5 and NO2 and childhood respiratory symptoms
Authors: Patlan Hernandez A R , Audureau E , Monfort C , Epaud R , Lanone S , Nieuwenhuijsen M , de Castro M , Warembourg C , Chevrier C , Jacquemin B
Published: October 2023

Background

Prenatal and early-life air pollution exposures have shown to play an important role in childhood respiratory and allergic diseases development. Our aim was to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to air pollution on several respiratory outcomes up to 12 years old.

Methods

We included 2054 children from the PELAGIE mother-child cohort in Brittany, France, followed-up at 2-, 6- or 12-years. Parents reported children's respiratory health history, family lifestyle and children immediate environment. PM2.5 and NO2 mean concentrations throughout the pregnancy were modelled at residential address using land use regression models. Ever asthma, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis and eczema at 12-years follow-up, considered as outcomes of interest, were defined using validated questionnaires. A multimorbidity phenotype was also constructed. We performed adjusted logistic regressions per increase of one interquartile range (IQR).

Results

Participating mothers’ mean age was 30 years (SD 4.1), 88% did not smoke during pregnancy, and 82% lived in rural areas. Fifty percent of children were boys; 55% of them had parents with history of asthma and/or allergies. Pregnancy concentrations of NO2 were 18.74±7.72μg/m3 (IQR=9.66) and PM2.5 15.11±2.21μg/m3 (IQR=3.38). Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis and eczema was 28%, 11% and 38% respectively at 12-years follow-up. Overall, no significant associations were found with asthma, rhinitis or eczema, nor with the multimorbidity phenotype.

Discussion/conclusions

Prenatal exposures to ambient PM2.5 and NO2, at relatively low concentrations, did not show any significant associations with children's respiratory and allergic outcomes. Further analysis including logistic models stratified by sex and urban-rural area, and clustering approaches will be performed to assess if specific profiles of environmental exposures during pregnancy and early childhood are associated with childhood respiratory and allergic diseases.

Key messages

• The prenatal and postnatal periods are major vulnerability windows for children's respiratory health.

• An exposome approach provides a better understanding of a larger set of urban/rural exposures and their associations with childhood respiratory and allergic diseases.
Assessing the benefits of hypothetical air pollution reduction interventions on stroke in Belgium
Authors: Pelgrims I , Devleesschauwer B , Vandevijvere S , De Clercq E M , Gorasso V , Van der Heyden J , Vansteelandt S
Published: October 2023

Background

The adverse health impact of air pollution exposure on stroke is already well documented but there is a lack of methodological tools to provide actionable evidence on the potential health benefits of realistic interventions. This study demonstrates the use of a parametric g-computation approach to evaluate the impact of hypothetical interventions targeting long-term exposure to air pollution on reducing the stroke prevalence in Belgium using data from three national Health Interview surveys (BHIS 2008-2013-2018).

Methods

BHIS data (n = 27536) were linked to environmental data of the participant's residential address. A g-computation approach was used to calculate the potential impact fractions of five air pollution reduction interventions to decrease the prevalence of stroke. Regression models were adjusted for socio-economic, environmental and lifestyle factors. In the first and second scenario, the average annual exposure to PM2.5 was lowered to the WHO guideline (5 μg/m3) and reduced by 25%, respectively. In the third and fourth scenario, the average annual exposure to NO2 was lowered to the WHO guideline (10 μg/m3) and reduced by 25%, respectively. In the last scenario, the average annual exposure to BC was reduced by 25%.

Results

Stroke was significantly associated with all air pollutants. A reduction in the risk of stroke was observed under the five scenarios: -0.87% [SE:0.24], -0.47% [SE: 0.17], -0.32% [SE: 0.19], -0.16% [SE:0.10], -0.13 % [SE: 0.07]. The proportion of prevented stroke cases would be respectively of 65.5%, 35.4%, 23.9%, 12.3%, 10%.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of air pollution on the stroke burden and demonstrates that air pollution reduction interventions could decrease the prevalence of stroke in Belgium.

Key messages

• Air pollution reduction interventions could significantly decrease the prevalence of stroke in Belgium.

• Major benefits were observed for interventions targeting long-term exposure to PM2.5.
Health Promoting Sports Federations: theoretical foundations and guidelines
Authors: Van Hoye A , Geidne S , Vuillemin A , Whiting S , Winand M ,   on behalf of the Health Enhancing Physical Activity Europe Network
Published: October 2023

The potential for organised sports to promote health has been underexploited so far, according to researchers and policy-makers. Sports clubs have limited capacity to promote health due to their voluntary nature and have called for support from their national sports federations. The present article provides guidelines based on health promoting sports clubs theoretical foundations, and an analysis of practical tools and proven strategies to support national sports federations’ investment in health promotion (HP). A qualitative iterative study was undertaken, based on five two-hour meetings of a group of 15 international researchers in health promotion in sports clubs. Notes and minutes from meetings, as well as shared outputs were analyzed based on the health promoting sports club framework. Guidelines for national sports federations to promote health includes a definition of a health promoting sports federation, a description of the settings-based approach stages adapted to national sports federations, as well as practical applications of the health promoting sports club's intervention strategies. The analysis of existing tools demonstrated that most tools are centered on a single dimension of health (social, mental, physical, spiritual or community), and often on a specific health topic. Furthermore, they do not cover HP as a continuous process or support of sports clubs’ members health, but are generally short-term programs. The HPSF clarifies theoretical concepts, their practical implementation via case studies and outlines intervention components and tools useful for sports federations in their implementation of HP. The guidelines are meant to facilitate national sports federations to acknowledge, reinforce and foster their further investment in HP.
Exploring medication safety through a social determinants of health and health literacy lens
Authors: McNamee H , Shields C , Vance J
Published: October 2023

Background

The study addressed an evidence gap in Northern Ireland (NI) on social determinants of health & medication safety. Almost 50% more prescription items are prescribed in the most deprived areas and they suffer a heavier burden of illness & higher mortality rates. Low health literacy is associated with medication adherence & more negative beliefs about medication. The research aimed to discover the social circumstances behind unsafe medication practices and avoidable medication-related harm to inform the implementation of the Transforming Medication Safety in NI plan.

Methods

This exploratory study used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach that engaged community members to share their unique perspectives & local knowledge. A community survey & interviews with key stakeholders informed the sample & topic guides for focus groups with people in the community (63 participants) & health & social care staff (25 participants). Data underwent thematic analysis & findings were discussed & interpreted at a Knowledge Exchange Workshop.

Results

Many social factors influence medication safety, such as busy lives, prioritising others, social support, work, physical & psychological capabilities, mental health, addiction, income, transport, access to healthcare & social stigma. Health literacy was a key theme; people have varying abilities accessing, understanding, appraising, remembering, & using information about their medication. Health & social care staff can assume people to know & understand how to take their medication correctly. Health literacy was influenced by many sources including friends’ & family's experiences, individual research, health & social care staff, social media, & stories in the media.

Conclusions

The research gathered people's lived experiences on medication use at home. It is evident that the social determinants of health, health literacy and social practices and norms need to be considered in medication safety.
Determinants of eco-anxiety: cross-national study of 52,219 participants from 25 European countries
Authors: Niedzwiedz C , Katikireddi S V
Published: October 2023

Background

Climate change is the most significant threat to public health and has important implications for mental health. As well as the direct impact from extreme weather events, existential worry about climate change, or ‘eco-anxiety’ may impact wellbeing. This study aims to assess levels of eco-anxiety across European countries and explore its determinants.

Methods

Data were taken from the 10th round of the European Social Survey (collected 2020-22), which included 52,219 participants aged 15+ years from 25 countries. Eco-anxiety was measured by levels of worry about climate change. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the cross-sectional associations of social, economic and health-related factors with eco-anxiety.

Results

Overall, 42.8% of participants felt very worried or extremely worried about climate change. Levels of eco-anxiety were lowest in Slovakia (22.6%) and Estonia (24.7%) and highest in Germany (55.3%) and Spain (55.2%). Women were more worried about climate change than men (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.33-1.43). Those aged 60-69 years (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27-1.54) were most likely to be worried about climate change, compared to those aged 15-19 years. People with higher tertiary education (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 2.25-2.77) were most likely to be worried about climate change, compared to those with less than lower secondary education. Household income was not associated once educational qualifications were accounted for. Eco-anxiety was also associated with poor self-rated health (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13-1.33) and lower life satisfaction.

Conclusions

There are marked differences in levels of eco-anxiety across European countries. As the climate crisis deepens and its impacts become more visible, there is a need to monitor eco-anxiety and its potential harms to health and wellbeing, as well as its potential to motivate climate action.

Key messages

• The potential impact of eco-anxiety on health and wellbeing needs further research as levels are high across Europe.

• Urgent action to reduce climate change will help to mitigate the effects on mental health.