bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventions promoting recovery from depression for patients transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care: A scoping review
Authors: Aggestrup Anne Sofie , Martiny Frederik , Lund Henriksen Line , Davidsen Annette Sofie , Martiny Klaus
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide with significant personal and public health consequences. After an episode of MDD, the likelihood of relapse is high. Therefore, there is a need for interventions that prevent relapse of depression when outpatient mental health care treatment has ended. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the evidence and identify knowledge gaps in interventions that aimed to promote recovery from MDD for patients transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care.

Materials and methods

We followed the guidance by Joanna Briggs Institute in tandem with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Four electronic databases were systematically searched using controlled index–or thesaurus terms and free text terms, as well as backward and forward citation tracking of included studies. The search strategy was based on the identification of any type of intervention, whether simple, multicomponent, or complex. Three authors independently screened for eligibility and extracted data.

Results

18 studies were included for review. The studies had high heterogeneity in design, methods, sample size, recovery rating scales, and type of interventions. All studies used several elements in their interventions; however, the majority used cognitive behavioural therapy conducted in outpatient mental health services. No studies addressed the transitioning phase from outpatient mental health services to primary care. Most studies included patients during their outpatient mental health care treatment of MDD.

Conclusions

We identified several knowledge gaps. Recovery interventions for patients with MDD transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care are understudied. No studies addressed interventions in this transitioning phase or the patient’s experience of the transitioning process. Research is needed to bridge this gap, both regarding interventions for patients transitioning from secondary to primary care, and patients’ and health care professionals’ experiences of the interventions and of what promotes recovery.

Registration

A protocol was prepared in advance and registered in Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ah3sv), published in the medRxiv server (https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.06.22280499) and in PLOS ONE (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291559).
Prediction of robo-advisory acceptance in banking services using tree-based algorithms
Authors: Orzeszko Witold , Piotrowski Dariusz
Published: May 2024

The banking sector is increasingly recognising the need to implement robo-advisory. The introduction of this service may lead to increased efficiency of banks, improved quality of customer service, and a strengthened image of banks as innovative institutions. Robo-advisory uses data relating to customers, their behaviors and preferences obtained by banks from various communication channels. In the research carried out in the work, an attempt was made to obtain an answer to the question whether the data collected by banks can also be used to determine the degree of consumer interest in this type of service. This is important because the identification of customers interested in the service will allow banks to direct a properly prepared message to a selected group of addressees, increasing the effectiveness of their promotional activities. The aim of the article is to construct and examine the effectiveness of predictive models of consumer acceptance of robo-advisory services provided by banks. Based on the authors’ survey on the use of artificial intelligence technology in the banking sector in Poland, in this article we construct tree-based models to predict customers’ attitudes towards using robo-advisory in banking services using, as predictors, their socio-demographic characteristics, behaviours and attitudes towards modern digital technologies, experience in using banking services, as well as trust towards banks. In our study, we use selected machine learning algorithms, including a decision tree and several tree-based ensemble models. We showed that constructed models allow to effectively predict consumer acceptance of robo-advisory services.
Shotgun metagenomic analysis of saliva microbiome suggests Mogibacterium as a factor associated with chronic bacterial osteomyelitis
Authors: Yahara Hiroko , Yanamoto Souichi , Takahashi Miho , Hamada Yuji , Asaka Takuya , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Moridera Kuniyasu , Noguchi Kazuma , Maruoka Yutaka , Yahara Koji
Published: May 2024

Osteomyelitis of the jaw is a severe inflammatory disorder that affects bones, and it is categorized into two main types: chronic bacterial and nonbacterial osteomyelitis. Although previous studies have investigated the association between these diseases and the oral microbiome, the specific taxa associated with each disease remain unknown. In this study, we conducted shotgun metagenome sequencing (≥10 Gb from ≥66,395,670 reads per sample) of bulk DNA extracted from saliva obtained from patients with chronic bacterial osteomyelitis (N = 5) and chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (N = 10). We then compared the taxonomic composition of the metagenome in terms of both taxonomic and sequence abundances with that of healthy controls (N = 5). Taxonomic profiling revealed a statistically significant increase in both the taxonomic and sequence abundance of Mogibacterium in cases of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis; however, such enrichment was not observed in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. We also compared a previously reported core saliva microbiome (59 genera) with our data and found that out of the 74 genera detected in this study, 47 (including Mogibacterium) were not included in the previous meta-analysis. Additionally, we analyzed a core-genome tree of Mogibacterium from chronic bacterial osteomyelitis and healthy control samples along with a reference complete genome and found that Mogibacterium from both groups was indistinguishable at the core-genome and pan-genome levels. Although limited by the small sample size, our study provides novel evidence of a significant increase in Mogibacterium abundance in the chronic bacterial osteomyelitis group. Moreover, our study presents a comparative analysis of the taxonomic and sequence abundances of all genera detected using deep salivary shotgun metagenome data. The distinct enrichment of Mogibacterium suggests its potential as a marker to distinguish between patients with chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis and chronic bacterial osteomyelitis, particularly at the early stages when differences are unclear.
Prevalence of sexually risky behaviors among Mexican medical students
Authors: Garcia-Romo Gina Stella , Pozo-Molina Glustein , Reyes-Reali Julia , Mendez-Catala Claudia Fabiola , Garrido Efrain , Mendez-Cruz Adolfo Rene , Alanis-Lopez Patricia , Mendoza-Ramos Maria Isabel , Nieto‐Yañez Oscar , Rivera-Yañez Nelly , Pedroza-Gonzalez Alexander
Published: May 2024

University students are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections due to the lack of adequate sexual education, as well as multiple associated factors, which lead to risky sexual practices. It is important to update data about sexual behaviors to identify the main factors associated with sexually risky behaviors. The present study aimed to evaluate the current prevalence of sexually risky practices in medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students through an anonymous self-administered online questionnaire including demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable regression to analyze the data collected. A total of 1520 undergraduate medical students aged between 18 and 28 years old were included in the study. Sixty percent of the students were sexually active with a higher proportion in men (70%), likewise, they had an earlier sexual debut (16.5 vs 16.9 years old), and a greater number of lifetime sexual partners than women (3.8 vs 2.2). The main sexual activity in both groups was vaginal sex with high use of condoms (75%), however, most of them (67%) reported having unprotected oral sex. Logistic regression analysis showed that condomless sex was associated with having oral sex, anal sex, and being female. The findings of this study showed that medical university students are involved in risky sexual behaviors, the major risk factor was unprotected oral sex. Based on these results, we recommended designing interventions to improve sexual education and preventive approaches from early stages such as in middle school students to mitigate sexually transmitted infections among medical university students.
Questioning inbreeding: Could outbreeding affect productivity in the North African catfish in Thailand?
Authors: Patta Chananya , Panthum Thitipong , Thatukan Chadaphon , Wongloet Wongsathit , Chalermwong Piangjai , Wattanadilokchatkun Pish , Thong Thanyapat , Srikampa Phanitada , Singchat Worapong , Ahmad Syed Farhan , Noito Kantika , Rasoarahona Ryan , Kraichak Ekaphan , Muangmai Narongrit , Chatchaiphan Satid , Sriphairoj Kednapat , Hatachote Sittichai , Chaiyes Aingorn , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan , Chailertlit Visarut , Suksavate Warong , Sonongbua Jumaporn , Prasanpan Jiraboon , Payungporn Sunchai , Han Kyudong , Antunes Agostinho , Srisapoome Prapansak , Koga Akihiko , Duengkae Prateep , Matsuda Yoichi , Na-Nakorn Uthairat , Srikulnath Kornsorn
Published: May 2024

The North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a significant species in aquaculture, which is crucial for ensuring food and nutrition security. Their high adaptability to diverse environments has led to an increase in the number of farms that are available for their production. However, long-term closed breeding adversely affects their reproductive performance, leading to a decrease in production efficiency. This is possibly caused by inbreeding depression. To investigate the root cause of this issue, the genetic diversity of captive North African catfish populations was assessed in this study. Microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing were applied to 136 catfish specimens, collected from three populations captured for breeding in Thailand. Interestingly, extremely low inbreeding coefficients were obtained within each population, and distinct genetic diversity was observed among the three populations, indicating that their genetic origins are markedly different. This suggests that outbreeding depression by genetic admixture among currently captured populations of different origins may account for the low productivity of the North African catfish in Thailand. Genetic improvement of the North African catfish populations is required by introducing new populations whose origins are clearly known. This strategy should be systematically integrated into breeding programs to establish an ideal founder stock for selective breeding.
Elevated fish densities extend kilometres from oil and gas platforms
Authors: Lawrence Joshua M. , Speirs Douglas C. , Heath Michael R. , Fujii Toyonobu , Burns Finlay , Fernandes Paul G.
Published: May 2024

Thousands of offshore oil and gas platforms have been installed throughout the world’s oceans and more structures are being installed as part of the transition to renewable energy. These structures increase the availability of ecological niches by providing hard substrate in midwater and complex 3D habitat on the seafloor. This can lead to ‘hotspots’ of biodiversity, or increased densities of flora and fauna, which potentially spill over into the local area. However, the distances over which these higher densities extend (the ‘range of influence’) can be highly variable. Fish aggregate at such structures, but the range of influence and any implications for wider fish populations, are unclear. We investigated the relationship between fish and platform areal densities using high resolution fisheries acoustic data. Data were collected in the waters surrounding the vessel exclusions zones around 16 oil and gas platforms in the North Sea, and throughout the wider area. We estimated densities of schooling fish using echo-integration, and densities of non-schooling fish using echo-counting. At 10 platforms, non-schooling fish densities were elevated near the platform relative to background levels in the equivalent wider area. The range of influence, defined here as the range to which fish densities were elevated above background, varied from 0.8 to 23 km. In areas of high platform density, fish schools were encountered more often, and non-schooling fish densities were higher, when controlling for other sources of environmental variation. This is the first time such long-range effects have been identified; previously, ranges of influence have been reported in the order of just 10s-100s of metres. These findings suggest that the environmental impact of these structures may extend further than previously thought, which may be relevant in the context of upcoming management decisions around the decommissioning of these structures.
Six-year monitoring of pesticide resistance in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) during a neonicotinoid restriction period
Authors: Kocourek Frantisek , Dolezal Petr , Hausvater Ervin , Horska Tereza , Sopko Bruno , Sedlak Petr , Sedlakova Vladimira , Stara Jitka
Published: May 2024

The Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is an important potato pest with known resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Czechia. Decreased efficacy of neonicotinoids has been observed in last decade. After the restriction of using chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam by EU regulation, growers seek for information about the resistance of CPB to used insecticides and recommended antiresistant strategies. The development of CPB resistance to selected insecticides was evaluated in bioassays in 69 local populations from Czechia in 2017–2022 and in 2007–2022 in small plot experiments in Zabcice in South Moravia. The mortality in each subpopulation in the bioassays was evaluated at the field-recommended rates of insecticides to estimate the 50% and 90% lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90, respectively). High levels of CPB resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos were demonstrated throughout Czechia, without significant changes between years and regions. The average mortality after application of the field-recommended rate of lambda-cyhalothrin was influenced by temperature before larvae were sampled for bioassays and decreased with increasing temperature in June. Downwards trends in the LC90 values of chlorpyrifos and the average mortality after application of the field-recommended rate of acetamiprid in the bioassay were recorded over a 6-year period. The baseline LC50 value (with 95% confidence limit) of 0.04 mg/L of chlorantraniliprole was established for Czech populations of CPBs for the purpose of resistance monitoring in the next years. Widespread resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates and neonicotinoids was demonstrated, and changes in anti-resistant strategies to control CPBs were discussed.
Bacterial aetiology, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with urinary tract infection among under-five children at primary health facility, North-Western Tanzania
Authors: Ernest Roza , Lema Nsiande , Yassin Sued , Joachim Agricola , Majigo Mtebe
Published: May 2024

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in under-five children, with significant consequences leading to bacteremia, dehydration, kidney scarring, and renal failure. The incidence of UTI varies with patients’ demographics and geographic location. Limited studies have addressed UTI issues, particularly in children. We determined the proportion of UTI, bacterial aetiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated factors among under-five children at the district hospital between March and April 2023

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study using a convenient non-probability sampling technique to collect urine samples from participants with signs and symptoms of UTI. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. We collected Participants’ information using a pretested structured questionnaire. Urine samples were processed at the Regional Referral Hospital. All analyses were conducted using STATA version 15.0. We determined the factors associated with UTI using a modified Poisson model multivariable analysis of the modified Poisson model. The results were presented as a prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval. The level of significance was specified at 0.05.

Result

The study recruited 368 under-five children; 194 (52.7%) were males, and the median age (interquartile range) was 24 (13–36) months. Of all, 28.8% (95% CI-24.3–33.6) had culture-confirmed UTI. One hundred and six pathogens were isolated, the majority being Escherichia coli (E. coli), 37 (34.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), 26 (24.5%). The susceptibility of E. coli to cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoin, and meropenem ranged from 81.1% to 97.3%. S. aureus was most susceptible to nitrofurantoin (96.2%) and ciprofloxacin (92.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 33.0% of isolates. The proportion of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was 23.1% and 25%, respectively. UTI was observed more in patients presenting with vomiting, dysuria, and abdominal pain, patients below 24 months of age, nappy users, and uncircumcised males.

Conclusion

Our study found a relatively high proportion of UTI among under-five children associated with vomiting, dysuria, abdominal pain, nappy use, and uncircumcision in males. The pathogens were least susceptible to (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamycin, ampicillin, and penicillin) the commonly used antibiotic. We advocate a thorough clinical analysis to detect the predictors of UTI and a periodic review of empirical treatment of UTI based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
The structural landscape and diversity of Pyricularia oryzae MAX effectors revisited
Authors: Lahfa Mounia , Barthe Philippe , de Guillen Karine , Cesari Stella , Raji Mouna , Kroj Thomas , Le Naour—Vernet Marie , Hoh François , Gladieux Pierre , Roumestand Christian , Gracy Jérôme , Declerck Nathalie , Padilla André
Published: May 2024

Magnaporthe AVRs and ToxB-like (MAX) effectors constitute a family of secreted virulence proteins in the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), which causes blast disease on numerous cereals and grasses. In spite of high sequence divergence, MAX effectors share a common fold characterized by a ß-sandwich core stabilized by a conserved disulfide bond.

In this study, we investigated the structural landscape and diversity within the MAX effector repertoire of P. oryzae. Combining experimental protein structure determination and in silico structure modeling we validated the presence of the conserved MAX effector core domain in 77 out of 94 groups of orthologs (OG) identified in a previous population genomic study. Four novel MAX effector structures determined by NMR were in remarkably good agreement with AlphaFold2 (AF2) predictions. Based on the comparison of the AF2-generated 3D models we propose a classification of the MAX effectors superfamily in 20 structural groups that vary in the canonical MAX fold, disulfide bond patterns, and additional secondary structures in N- and C-terminal extensions. About one-third of the MAX family members remain singletons, without strong structural relationship to other MAX effectors. Analysis of the surface properties of the AF2 MAX models also highlights the high variability within the MAX family at the structural level, potentially reflecting the wide diversity of their virulence functions and host targets.
CCR5 promotes the migration of pathological CD8+ T cells to the leishmanial lesions
Authors: Amorim Sacramento Laís , Farias Amorim Camila , G. Lombana Claudia , Beiting Daniel , Novais Fernanda , P. Carvalho Lucas , M. Carvalho Edgar , Scott Phillip
Published: May 2024

Cytolytic CD8+ T cells mediate immunopathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis without controlling parasites. Here, we identify factors involved in CD8+ T cell migration to the lesion that could be targeted to ameliorate disease severity. CCR5 was the most highly expressed chemokine receptor in patient lesions, and the high expression of CCL3 and CCL4, CCR5 ligands, was associated with delayed healing of lesions. To test the requirement for CCR5, Leishmania-infected Rag1-/- mice were reconstituted with CCR5-/- CD8+ T cells. We found that these mice developed smaller lesions accompanied by a reduction in CD8+ T cell numbers compared to controls. We confirmed these findings by showing that the inhibition of CCR5 with maraviroc, a selective inhibitor of CCR5, reduced lesion development without affecting the parasite burden. Together, these results reveal that CD8+ T cells migrate to leishmanial lesions in a CCR5-dependent manner and that blocking CCR5 prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology.
The underground: Alternative scenes and clothing styles in Costa Rica during the 1990s
Authors: Barrantes Mariela Agüero
Published: May 2024

During the 1990s, Costa Rica experienced a growth in young bands performing emergent music genres. From a post-subcultural approach, this article argues that a varied array of young bands from different musical genres and scenes created a sense of unity and support that led to the creation of what was known as ‘the underground scene’ during the 1990s. The ‘underground scene’ served as a platform that opened up a series of spaces that were alternative to the mainstream, where youth groups were able to perform their music and create new styles. In these new spaces, members of the underground developed new clothing styles linked to their musical tastes. By interviewing members of different alternative rock and reggae bands, information was gathered and analysed to visualize the development of these scenes. Members of the scene established their clothing styles based on their icons and could be identified within a specific genre due to their dress. Aesthetics were a mix of influences and bands that came directly from western countries. Americanas (thrift stores) was youth’s primary outlet for clothing hunting and they adopted current styles directly from the United States.
A woke brand? An analysis of Nike and the limits of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the fashion-industrial complex
Authors: Covington Sha’Mira , Medvedev Katalin
Published: May 2024

In an era marked by heightened social consciousness and impacted by Black Lives Matter (BLM), fashion brands worldwide endeavour to position themselves as socially responsible. This study scrutinizes Nike, a global leader in the fashion-industrial complex, and its ‘woke’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. By conducting a detailed case study of Nike’s ‘woke’ CSR initiatives and analysing social media user comments, the research seeks to unveil the tensions and constraints of ‘woke’ CSR. The study investigates the social media discourse surrounding Nike’s image, focusing on racial consciousness and concludes that the brand’s ‘woke’ CSR initiatives are not transformative; they merely perform wokeness. The analysis uncovered three common themes in the social media data: (1) the commodification of BLM, (2) commodity activism and (3) woke-washing. By examining the limits of Nike’s ‘woke’ CSR practices within the fashion-industrial complex, this study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities for brands seeking to meet socially conscious consumers’ evolving expectations.
One-step triplex TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of feline coronavirus, feline panleukopenia virus, and feline leukemia virus
Authors: He Mengyi , Feng Shuping , Shi Kaichuang , Shi Yandi , Long Feng , Yin Yanwen , Li Zongqiang
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: Feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are prevalent throughout China and significantly threaten cat health. These viruses cause similar manifestations and pathological damage. Rapid and accurate diagnosis depends on detection in the laboratory. This study aimed to establish a reliable and rapid method for accurate detection of FCoV, FPV, and FeLV so that a definite diagnosis can be made and effective measures can be taken to prevent and control viral infection.

Materials and Methods: We designed three pairs of specific primers and probes for the detection of FCoV 5′ untranslated region, FPV viral protein 2, and FeLV pol genes. Recombinant plasmid constructs were generated for use as standard plasmid constructs. Optimal reaction conditions, including primer and probe concentrations, reaction cycles, and annealing temperatures, were obtained on the basis of optimization tests. One-step triplex real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was successfully established to simultaneously detect FCoV, FPV, and FeLV. The specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability of the assay were analyzed, and its applicability was validated by testing 1175 clinical samples.

Results: One-step triplex RT-qPCR had a high degree of specificity only for the detection of FCoV, FPV, and FeLV; it had high sensitivity with limits of detection of 139.904, 143.099, and 152.079 copies/reaction for p-FCoV, p-FPV, and p-FeLV standard plasmid constructs, respectively, and it had reliable repeatability with 0.06%–0.87% intra-assay coefficients of variations. A total of 1175 clinical samples were examined for FCoV, FPV, and FeLV using triplex RT-qPCR, and the FCoV, FPV, and FeLV positivity rates were 18.47%, 19.91%, and 47.57%, respectively. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of one-step triplex RT-qPCR were 93.07% and 97.99%, respectively.

Conclusion: We developed a rapid and reliable one-step triplex RT-qPCR method for the detection of FCoV, FPV, and FeLV, which could be used as a diagnostic tool for clinical monitoring and diagnosis.

Keywords: detection method, feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, feline panleukopenia virus, multiplex reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Infection and re-infection of Leptospira spp. in stray dogs and cats from Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Puentes María Margarita Molina , Camargo Karen Daniela Jaimes , Roberto Yuly Angélica Monroy , Guzman-Barragan Blanca Lisseth , Tafur-Gomez Gabriel Andrés , Clavijo Nelson Fernando Santana
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis that is under-reported in tropical countries, and canines can be a potential reservoir of the disease. The objective of this study was to diagnose Leptospira spp. that is actively infected and re-infected in stray dogs and cats from Bogota, D.C., Colombia.

Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 animals, including dogs and cats from the animal protection programs of Bogota, Colombia, were used in this study. Blood was collected from these animals for serum and DNA analysis. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the 16s rRNA primer set, and higher-quality amplification products were sequenced by Sanger. For serodiagnosis, a group of PCR-positive samples was tested using the microagglutination test (MAT).

Results: The overall PCR positivity of stray dogs and cats was 56%, 52.9%, and 65.3% in dogs and cats, respectively. The MAT seropositivity was 77.3%, and only dogs showed titers higher than 1:400. Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo Prajitno, and Canicola and Hardjo prajitno were the serogroups associated with dogs and cats, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains belonging to Leptospira interrogans serovars related to isolated samples of American, European, and Asian bats (Myotis myotis), dogs, and bovines of American origin.

Conclusion: These results showed that stray dogs and cats were previously exposed to different serovars of Leptospira spp. and re-infected with other serovars that actively participated in the transmission cycle. These findings highlight the importance of actively diagnosing infectious animals to design effective intervention strategies.

Keywords: cat, dog, Leptospira spp., microagglutination test, phylogenetic analysis, polymerase chain reaction.
Cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles of Arbor Acres broiler chickens at different stages of physiological development
Authors: Lebedev Svyatoslav , Kazakova Tatiana , Marshinskaia Olga
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: Modern scientific research focuses on a detailed study of the immune system, the mechanisms of immunosuppression, and the search for an effective means to restore disturbed immune homeostasis in farm animals. The present study examined the cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) profiles of healthy broiler chickens during physiological development.

Materials and Methods: Arbor Acres broilers (n = 28) were used in the study to achieve this objective. The immune status of broiler chickens was assessed on 7, 14, 28, and 42 days of age, including serum levels of cytokines, Igs, and lysozyme by enzyme immunoassay.

Results: We observed a decrease in the efficiency of immune system functioning of birds with increasing age. The most pronounced immunological deficiency in the body of broiler chickens is noted at the age of 7–14 days, which is associated with immaturity of the immune system and is characterized by the fact that non-specific humoral and specific cellular defense factors are at a rather low level. The levels of lysozyme, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and IgA in blood serum at this age were minimal; starting from 28 days of age, there is a specific humoral immune deficiency, which is compensated by strengthening of cellular defense factors. The serum level of IgY intensively decreases against the background of an increase of lysozyme, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10.

Conclusion: During postnatal ontogenesis, the immune system of broiler chickens undergoes dynamic changes that have an age direction and phase character. Changes in the immune system may affect immunocompetence, disease susceptibility, and, consequently, productivity.

Keywords: immunity, immunodeficiency, inflammation, poultry.
Profil Hematologi Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) setelah Pemberian Turmeric Gummy Candy
Authors: Tana Silvana , Yunita Amelia Rifka , Suprihatin Teguh
Published: May 2024

Gummy candy merupakan suatu produk kembang gula yang bertekstur kenyal karena mengandung komponen pembentuk gel. Gummy candy dengan formulasi bahan herbal dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif agar obat herbal dapat dikonsumsi secara praktis dalam bentuk permen, yaitu dengan penambahan turmeric yang disebut sebagai turmeric gummy candy (TGC). Kurkumin yang terkandung dalam kunyit merupakan antioksidan yang berperan dalam pencegahan oksidasi pada sel, termasuk pada sel darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis profil hematologi tikus putih setelah pemberian TGC. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus putih betina yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan, yaitu G0 sebagai kontrol, G1 sebagai kelompok yang diberi TGC dengan ekstrak turmeric sebanyak 5 g, dan G2 sebagai kelompok yang diberi TGC dengan ekstrak turmeric sebanyak 10 g. Data hematologi yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis data jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan jumlah leukosit tikus putih setelah pemberian TGC menunjukkan berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah turmeric gummy candy mampu mempengaruhi profil hematologi tikus putih dalam kadar yang normal. Gummy candy is a confectionery product that has a chewy texture because it contains gelling components. Gummy candy with herbal formulations can be an alternative so that herbal medicine can be consumed practically in the form of candy, namely with the addition of turmeric which is called turmeric gummy candy (TGC. Curcumin contained in turmeric is an antioxidant that plays a role in preventing oxidation in cells, including blood cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hematological profile of white rats after TGC administration. This candy is then expected to provide nutritional value and have a good effect on the hematological profile for its consumption. Curcumin contained in turmeric is an antioxidant that plays a role in preventing oxidation in cells, including blood cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hematological profile of white rats after TGC administration. This study used 24 female white rats divided into three treatment groups, namely G0 as a control, G1 as a group given TGC with turmeric extract as much as 5 g, and G2 as a group given TGC with turmeric extract as much as 10 g. The hematology data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA test at a 95% confidence level. The results of data analysis of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and leukocyte count of white rats after TGC administration showed no real difference (P>0.05). The conclusion in this study is that turmeric gummy candy can affect the hematological profile of white rats in normal levels.
Uji Beberapa Jenis Sitokinin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Body (PLB) Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) Pada Media MS Dalam Bentuk Thin Liquid Film
Authors: Emeliya Emeliya , Rahayu Tintrim , Jayanti Gatra Ervi , Agisimanto Dita
Published: May 2024

Sitokinin berperan dalam pembelahan dan pembesaran sel sehingga memacu pertumbuhan tanaman,  sitokinin juga memacu pembentukan tunas baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai jenis sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan PLB Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) pada media MS dalam bentuk Thin Liquid Film secara in vitro. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu perlakuan kontrol dan jenis sitokinin BAP 0,1 mg/L, Kinetin 0,1 mg/L, 2-iP 0,1 mg/L, Metatopolin 0,1 mg/L, dan Air kelapa 10 mL, sehingga terdapat 7 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase eksplan tumbuh, respon eksplan, saat muncul tunas, akar pertama muncul, daun pertama muncul, warna daun dan berat PLB. Analisis data menggunakan ANNOVA. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan didapatkan perlakuan terbaik pada perlakuan 2-iP 0,1 mg/L terhadap parameter respon PLB, waktu muncul tunas pertama dan waktu daun pertama muncul. Pada parameter waktu akar pertama muncul yang paling cepat pada perlakuan BAP 0,1 mg/L. Perubahan warna yang terjadi pada PLB yaitu hijau 145 B menjadi hijau 141 A pada perlakuan BAP 0,1 mg/L. Pada  perlakuan kinetin 0,1 mg/L merupakan berat PLB yang paling optimum.  Cytokinins play a role in cell division and enlargement thereby stimulating plant growth, cytokinins also stimulate the formation of new shoots. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of giving various types of cytokinins on the growth of PLB Orchids (Dendrobium sp.) on MS media in the form of Thin Liquid Film in vitro. The research method used experimental research with a completely randomized design (CRD), namely control treatment and cytokinin type BAP 0.1 mg/L, Kinetin 0.1 mg/L, 2-iP 0.1 mg/L, Metatopolin 0.1 mg/L L, and 10 mL coconut water, so there were 7 treatments with 4 repetitions. The parameters observed were the percentage of explant growth, explant response, when shoots appeared, first roots appeared, first leaves appeared, leaf color and PLB weight. Data analysis using ANNOVA. Based on the observation results, it was found that the best treatment was the 2-iP 0.1 mg/L treatment for the PLB response parameters, the time the first shoot appeared and the time the first leaf appeared. The time parameter for the first roots to appear was the fastest in the 0.1 mg/L BAP treatment. The color change that occurred in PLB was green 145 B to green 141 A in the BAP 0.1 mg/L treatment. In the kinetin treatment 0.1 mg/L was the most optimum PLB weight.
Histomorfometri Hepar Ayam Petelur Jantan (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) Setelah Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Sebagai Imbuhan Pakan
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Jatmiko Arif Budi , Sunarno Sunarno , Kasiyati Kasiyati
Published: May 2024

Ayam petelur jantan dapat dipacu laju pertumbuhannya dengan imbuhan pakan tepung daun kelor yang dikenal memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan tetapi juga memiliki resiko sebagai zat toksik pada hepar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh imbuhan pakan berupa tepung daun kelor dengan dosis berbeda terhadap histomorfometri hepar ayam petelur jantan. Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1(1%), P2(2%), P3(3%), dan P4(4%), setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan (terdiri dari 2 ekor ayam). Parameter penelitian terdiri atas bobot hepar, bobot badan, HSI, dan diameter hepatosit yang dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA. Data diameter hepatosit dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tepung daun kelor berpengaruh nyata (pvalue<0,05) terhadap diameter hepatosit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah tepung daun kelor dengan dosis 1-4% tidak mempengaruhi variabel bobot hepar, bobot badan, dan nilai HSI tetapi berpengaruh terhadap struktur hepatosit. Struktur hepatosit mengalami degenerasi hidropik, degenerasi lemak, nekrosis, atrofi, hemoragi, dan kongesti. Laying hens can increase their growth rate by adding moringa leaf meal which is known to have secondary metabolites that function as antioxidants but also have a risk of being toxic to the liver. This study aimed to analyze the effect of feed additives in the form of moringa leaf meal at different doses on the liver histomorphometry of male laying hens. The research design used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, namely P0 (control), P1(1%), P2(2%), P3(3%), and P4(4%), each treatment consisting of 3 replications (consisting of 2 chickens). The research parameters consisted of liver weight, body weight, HSI, and hepatocyte diameter which were analyzed by ANOVA test. Hepatocyte diameter data was followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that moringa leaf powder had a significant effect (pvalue<0,05) on hepatocyte diameter. The conclusion of the research is that Moringa leaf flour at a dose of 1-4% does not affect the variables of liver weight, body weight and HSI value but does affect the structure of hepatocytes. The hepatocyte structure experiences hydropic degeneration, fatty degeneration, necrosis, atrophy, hemorrhage and congestion.
POTENSI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN POLISENTRIS PADA SURAKARTA RAYA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF PUSAT AKTIVITAS
Authors: Aziz Salim , Rahayu Paramita , Istanabi Tendra
Published: May 2024

Urbanisasi yang pesat di negara-negara berkembang sering kali menciptakan ketimpangan wilayah sehingga muncul urgensi perencanaan Wilayah Perkotaan Polisentris. Surakarta Raya, sebagai contoh wilayah di Indonesia yang mengalami urbanisasi cepat, menghasilkan pusat-pusat aktivitas baru yang disebabkan oleh urbanisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejauh mana potensi struktur ruang Surakarta Raya dengan pendekatan Wilayah Perkotaan Polisentris dari perspektif pembentukan pusat aktivitas melalui variabel pola penggunaan lahan, harga lahan, kepadatan penduduk, dan fasilitas umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui analisis klaster k-means yang dispasialkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya potensi perkembangan pada beberapa pusat aktivitas perkotaan di Surakarta Raya yang dapat membentuk struktur ruang polisentris. Terkait dengan fenomena tersebut, diperlukan perencanaan tata ruang wilayah yang mengatur konsentrasi pusat aktivitas sehingga dapat mencegah ketimpangan wilayah di Surakarta Raya. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat memperluas fokus pada proses spesialisasi ekonomi dan mobilitas antar wilayah dalam konteks Wilayah Perkotaan Polisentris.
Evaluasi Pasar Tradisional Modern Barabai Sebagai Pasar Regional di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah
Authors: Nisa Noviyatun , Maria Caesarina Hanny , Achmad Priyadharma Andi
Published: May 2024

Pasar Tradisional Modern Barabai merupakan pasar agrobisnis yang terbesar di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah dilihat dari luas lokasi dan jumlah pedagang yang ada di pasar yang juga melayani wilayah sekitarnya. Meskipun demikian lapak-lapak yang disediakan di dalam Pasar Tradisional Modern Barabai masih belum digunakan dengan maksimal oleh pedagang dan mengakibatkan masih banyaknya pedagang yang berjualan di luar bangunan gedung pasar.  Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pasar agrobisnis modern Barabai sebagai pasar regional berdasarkan standar pasar rakyat dan pola perilaku pengguna. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran atau deskripsi terkait dengan kondisi Pasar Agrobisnis Modern Barabai secara langsung dan dianalisis dengan metode triangulasi. Hasil analisis evaluatif standar persyaratan teknis dan persyaratan pengelola pasar rakyat tipe I menunjukkan bahwa pada Pasar Tradisional Modern Barabai memiliki 52% ruang kawasan yang memenuhi standar dan yang tidak memenuhi standar sebesar 48%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasar tradisional modern Barabai belum memenuhi standar dan memerlukan strategi pengembangan yang tepat ke depannya. Kata kunci: Pasar Rakyat; Regional; evaluasi
Floristic diversity of vascular plants in the Mimouna Forest (north-western Algeria)
Authors: Saidi Abdelmoumene , Keifa Abdelkrim
Published: May 2024

In arid and semi-arid areas, wild vegetation is a very important natural resource and provides various ecosystem services, such as environmental adjustment functions. It is therefore important to manage and protect plant diversity in these areas. We investigated the Mimouna Forest in the Algerian Saida Province, characterized by a Mediterranean-type climate with maximum average monthly temperature of 27.1°C, minimum of 8.3°C and annual rainfall of 345 mm. We described and analysed the species diversity of vascular plants in this area. The floristic inventory was carried out using a subjective sampling method. This allowed us to identify 93 species belonging to 80 genera and 33 botanical families. The major families were the Asteraceae (16%) and Poaceae (14%). The analysis of plant life-forms showed the dominance of therophytes (36%) and hemicryptophytes (28%). On the phytogeographic level, the prevailing chorological elements were of Mediterranean affinity (54% in total). Endemic taxa accounted for 9% of the flora. The Shannon index was moderately high (3.62) and 13% of the recorded species were rare, including 5 protected by Algerian law.
Rosyjska „tożsamość narodowa”
Authors: Lazari Andrzej de
Published: May 2024

В центре внимания статьи – категории народа, русской народности и идентичности. Представлены история этих категорий в русской мысли и идеологии (с С. Уварова до В. Путина), а также их использование в современной российской военной политике.
Mathematical Program with Vanishing Constraints for Optimal Pressure Control in Water Distribution Systems
Authors:   Thuyloi University, Dai Pham Duc
Published: May 2024

Optimizing pressure management to reduce water leakage in water distribution systems (WDSs) is one of the major tasks for water utilities. By regulating the operation of pressure reducing valves (PRVs) installed in WDSs, the pressure in WDSs can be kept under control and thus the water leakage amount can be decreased. Mathematically, the problem of pressure management to water leakage reduction can be formulated as a nonlinear optimization program. To make the optimization model proper for practice, the model of PRVs should be accurate and can describe all its operation modes in practice: active, fully opened, and check valve modes. In the literature, the model can be represented either by a non-smooth equation with low accuracy or by several complicated constraints. This research developed a highly accurate PRV model based on vanishing constraints. The idea comes from the fact that the model equation representing operations of PRVs in active mode will be vanished as PRVs operate in the check valve mode. The formulated mathematical program with vanishing constraints (MPVCs) can be solved efficiently by using the regularization approach. Several WDSs have evaluated the new PRV model which shows that accurate solutions are obtained with less computation time.
Ultrasound induced biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into chitosan polymers: Investigation of its anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects
Authors: Zheng Huiwen , Li Yin , Li Wei , Zhou Sha , Huang Chunlan , Du Lizhong
Published: May 2024

Here we have shown the novel biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) encapsulated by chitosan polymers in the presence of Achillea millefolium aqueous extract (Ag NPs@CHI). The Ag ions were first embedded over the chitosan surface enriched with polar organofunctions like amines (NH2) and hydroxyls, and subsequently the ions were reduced green-metrically by the electron rich phytochemicals of the plant extract. After the synthesis numerous techniques, including the UV-vis spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, FE-SEM, EDS-elemental mapping, and ICP-AES, were used to study the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposite biomaterial. Next, we explored the material biologically in the anti-cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma effects against the corresponding cell lines like PM1, MET1, MET 4, SCC T9, SCC IC1MET, SCC IC19, SCC T8, and SCC T11. The related IC50 values of the nanocomposite against them were 182, 158, 177, 178, 177, 99, 62, and 183 µg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity in terms of percentage cell viability of cancer cells were decreased with the increase in the nanocomposite doses.
Hepatoprotective effects of safranal on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Alayunt Naci Ömer , Parlak Akif Evren , Türkoğlu Semra , Taş Fatih
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to explore the protective and therapeutic properties of safranal in mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress induced by elevated acetaminophen (APAP) doses in a rat model. The protective and therapeutic effects of safranal were determined by histopathologically and examining some biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Male Wistar–Albino rats were subject to random allocation, forming five groups, each comprising seven rats (n = 7) in the study. Group 1 was the control group. APAP was administered in Group 2 to induce hepatotoxicity. Rats in Groups 3, 4, and 5 received intraperitoneal injections of safranal at doses of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mL/kg/day for 14 days, respectively. On the 15th day, to induce APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, four groups (Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5) acquired a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg APAP. The presence of APAP-induced hepatotoxic effect was proven by elevated AST and ALT levels, which are typical biomarkers of liver function in addition to the demonstration of histopathological changes. The findings suggest that pre-treatment with safranal may offer a protective effect against hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response.