bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MACHINE LEARNING FOR STOCK MARKET FORECASTING: A REVIEW OF MODELS AND ACCURACY
Authors: Rhoda Adura Adeleye  , Tula Sunday Tubokirifuruar  , Binaebi Gloria Bello  , Ndubuisi Leonard Ndubuisi  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu  , Oluwaseyi Rita Owolabi
Published: February 2024

As financial markets become increasingly complex and dynamic, the application of machine learning (ML) techniques for stock market forecasting has garnered significant attention. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various ML models employed in the realm of stock market forecasting, focusing on their methodologies and the accuracy achieved in predicting market trends. The review begins by examining traditional time-series models such as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and moving average convergence divergence (MACD) and their limitations in capturing the intricate patterns present in financial data. Subsequently, the discussion transitions to more advanced ML models, including support vector machines (SVM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and ensemble methods like random forests and gradient boosting. Each model's strengths and weaknesses are scrutinized in the context of stock market forecasting. The paper explores the pivotal role of feature selection and engineering in enhancing the predictive power of ML models. Feature sets encompassing financial indicators, macroeconomic variables, sentiment analysis from news articles, and social media data are analyzed for their impact on forecasting accuracy. Additionally, the incorporation of technical indicators and alternative data sources is explored as potential avenues to improve model robustness. A critical aspect of this review is the assessment of accuracy in predicting stock market movements. The evaluation is conducted through a comparative analysis of model performance metrics, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and accuracy rates. The study also addresses the challenge of model overfitting and proposes strategies to mitigate this issue for more reliable predictions. This review provides a nuanced understanding of the landscape of ML models for stock market forecasting, highlighting the diverse approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the quest for improved accuracy. It contributes valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and investors seeking to leverage the potential of ML in navigating the complexities of financial markets.

Keywords:  Machine Learning, Stock Market, Forecasting, Models, Review.
BLOCKCHAIN IN U.S. ACCOUNTING: A REVIEW: ASSESSING ITS TRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIAL FOR ENHANCING TRANSPARENCY AND INTEGRITY
Authors: Adeola Olusola Ajayi-Nifise  , Titilola Falaiye  , Odeyemi Olubusola  , Andrew Ifesinachi Daraojimba  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo
Published: February 2024

This study critically examines the transformative potential of blockchain technology in enhancing transparency ansd integrity within U.S. accounting practices. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the research draws on a range of peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, and authoritative databases. The study's objectives include understanding the evolution of blockchain in accounting, assessing its impact on transparency and integrity, identifying challenges in adoption, and exploring future trends and stakeholder implications. Key findings reveal that blockchain acts as a catalyst for transparency and integrity in accounting, offering a decentralized and immutable record-keeping system that significantly reduces the likelihood of fraud and errors. The technology's integration into accounting practices is evolving, indicating a future of automated, real-time auditing processes and enhanced financial reporting. However, challenges such as regulatory ambiguity, technical complexities, and scalability issues persist, necessitating strategic solutions. The study recommends that industry leaders and policymakers proactively embrace blockchain technology through education, regulatory framework development, and collaboration between technology developers and the accounting industry. Standard-setting bodies are also encouraged to update accounting standards in light of blockchain's implications. Future research directions include exploring the long-term impact of blockchain on various accounting aspects, empirical assessments of its real-world impact, and strategies to overcome adoption barriers. In conclusion, the study highlights blockchain's significant role in revolutionizing accounting practices, emphasizing the need for continued exploration and strategic integration of this technology in the accounting sector.

Keywords:  Blockchain Technology, Accounting Transparency, Regulatory Frameworks, Financial Integrity.
A REVIEW OF U.S. FINANCIAL REPORTING SCANDALS AND THEIR ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS: INVESTIGATING THEIR BROADER IMPACT AND PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
Authors: Adeola Olusola Ajayi-Nifise  , Odeyemi Olubusola  , Titilola Falaiye  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo  , Andrew Ifesinachi Daraojimba
Published: February 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of financial reporting scandals in the United States, focusing on their evolution, impacts, and the effectiveness of preventative strategies. The primary objective was to understand the historical development of financial reporting, identify the mechanisms of financial scandals, assess their economic and social repercussions, and evaluate the regulatory and technological responses implemented to prevent such occurrences. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the study analyzed data from academic journals, government publications, and reports from financial regulatory bodies, with a focus on literature published between 2010 and 2023. The key findings reveal that financial reporting scandals have significantly influenced corporate governance and financial regulation, leading to substantial economic and social impacts, including loss of investor trust and market instability. Preventative strategies, notably legislative reforms such as the Sarbanes-Oxley and Dodd-Frank Acts, have been instrumental in enhancing transparency and accountability in financial reporting. Technological innovations have also emerged as vital tools in detecting and preventing financial irregularities. The study concludes that building a resilient financial reporting landscape requires continuous adaptation to technological advancements, development of sophisticated risk management tools, and fostering a culture of ethical reporting. Policymakers and industry leaders are urged to focus on creating balanced legal frameworks that encourage transparency and protect against financial malpractices, thereby ensuring a financial reporting environment that is transparent, accountable, and resilient against future challenges.

Keywords: Financial Reporting Scandals, Corporate Governance, Regulatory Reforms, Preventative Strategies.
ANALYSIS OF INTEREST RATE SPREAD ON FINANCIAL RESILIENCE OF QUOTED BANKS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Andrew E.O. Erhijakpor  , OFOGBA Onocha Karevu
Published: February 2024

This paper examined the effect of interest rate spread (IRS) on financial resilience of quoted Nigerian banks from 2007 to 2021. Specifically, the paper examined the effect of deposit rate, lending rate, and interest rate differential on financial resilience of quoted Nigerian banks. The paper collected data from the CBN bulletin (2021) and Security Exchange Commission (SEC) annual report (2021) and the World Bank data base (2021). The study covered all the twenty one (21) commercial banks quoted in the Nigerian exchange group as of 31st December, 2021 using the census sampling approach. The study reported that, deposit (savings) rate/cost has a positive (coef=0.056833) insignificant (p-value=0.5327.5%) effect on financial resilience (bank z-score) of quoted banks in Nigeria. By extension, deposit (savings) rate/cost has a minimal effect on banks’ financial resilience. However, lending (borrowing) rate/cost interest rate differential (prime lending/borrowing rate/cost less savings/deposit rate/cost) exerted negative (coef= -0.527024&coef= -0.160001 respectively) significant (p-value=0.0001<5% &p-value=0.0194<5%) effect on financial resilience (bank z-score) of quoted banks in Nigeria.Hence, the paper concludes that, high lending rate and interest rate differential reduce financial resilience of quoted Nigerian banks. As such, the study submits that, the apex banks must ensure that, the rising lending rate should be discouraged. This if not cautioned; it has the capacity to reduce the productive capacity of the private sector. Again, to encourage more depositors to invest their depositors’ funds, the ape banks should raise the deposit rate. Lastly, the Nigerian banks are adjourning to keep their interest rate differentials relatively low.

Keywords:  Analysis, Interest Rate Spread, Deposit Rate, Lending Rate, And Interest Rate Differential, Financial Resilience Quoted Banks.
EFFECTIVE MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AND FIRM’S PRODUCTIVITY IN SELECTED ALUMINUM MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Sakpaide, Efe Joseph, PhD
Published: February 2024

This study investigated how effective material management (MMGT) affects firm’s productivity in selected aluminum manufacturing firms in Delta State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to ascertain effect of the measures of effective MMGT, namely; Planning Strategy (PS), Material Control Management (MCM) and Work-In-Progress Management (WIPM) on Firm’s Productivity (FP). The respondents' responses were collected using a five (5) likert scale questionnaire. This study's population is 293 people, with a sample size of 169 employees from the selected Aluminium company in Delta State, Nigeria. The questionnaire was coded using an excel spreadsheet, and the respondents' profiles were analysed manually using basic percentage, while descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and multiple regression used statistical tools in SPSS version 23. The findings showed that there is a substantial positive association between PS, MCM, and WIPM and FP. The study's findings indicate that good MMGT has a positive and significant effect on company productivity in selected Aluminium manufacturing enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. As a result, the study proposed that Aluminium manufacturing firms adopt a policy framework to promote speedier implementation of material control systems in Nigerian Aluminium production in order to excel and ensure its future, hence increasing organisational efficiency.

Keywords: Material, Management, Productivity, Planning, Strategy and Work-In-Progress.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ERP SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Glory Ugochi Ebirim  , Ifeyinwa Francisca Unigwe  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu  , Beryl Odonkor  , Ese Eigbadon Oshioste  , Ugochukwu Ikechukwu Okoli
Published: February 2024

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have become indispensable tools for managing complex business processes in multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper presents a critical review of the trends, challenges, and future directions associated with ERP systems implementation in the context of MNCs. The study synthesizes existing literature to offer a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape of ERP adoption in a globalized business environment. The trends in ERP implementation within MNCs underscore the increasing reliance on integrated software solutions to enhance operational efficiency and facilitate seamless communication across diverse geographical locations. Notably, the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain into ERP systems has gained traction, presenting new opportunities and complexities for MNCs. However, the implementation of ERP systems in MNCs is not without challenges. Cultural diversity, varying regulatory frameworks, and differences in business practices across regions pose significant obstacles to successful deployment. Additionally, the sheer scale and complexity of MNCs' operations demand careful consideration of customization needs, scalability, and alignment with organizational goals. The critical review highlights the need for a strategic approach to ERP implementation in MNCs. Successful cases often involve top management commitment, extensive user training, and a phased implementation strategy that accommodates regional variations. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of post-implementation evaluation and continuous improvement to address evolving business requirements. Looking ahead, future directions in ERP systems implementation within MNCs are shaped by the rapid evolution of technology and the dynamic nature of global business. The integration of cloud-based solutions, the advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies, and the increasing emphasis on sustainability are anticipated to influence the next wave of ERP adoption in MNCs. This critical review contributes valuable insights into the current state of ERP systems implementation in multinational corporations, addressing trends, challenges, and future directions. It provides a roadmap for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to navigate the complexities of ERP adoption in the ever-evolving landscape of global business.

Keywords: ERP, MNCs, Industry 4.0, Multinational, Corporation, Review.
ADVANCED ANALYTICS IN SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF AFRICAN AND USA PRACTICES
Authors: Rhoda Adura Adeleye  , Oluwaseun Peter Oyeyemi  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu  , Kehinde Feranmi Awonuga  , Binaebi Gloria Bello
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the application of advanced analytics in enhancing supply chain resilience, offering a comparative review between African and USA practices. Supply chain resilience has become a critical factor in the global business landscape, particularly in the face of unprecedented disruptions and uncertainties. As organizations strive to mitigate risks and improve responsiveness, advanced analytics emerges as a powerful tool in achieving these objectives. The study begins by providing a comprehensive overview of the key components of supply chain resilience and the role advanced analytics plays in fortifying these components. It delves into various analytical techniques, such as predictive modeling, machine learning, and data visualization, and their application in predicting and mitigating disruptions. By harnessing the power of big data, organizations can gain insights into demand patterns, supply chain vulnerabilities, and potential risks, enabling proactive decision-making. A comparative analysis is conducted between African and USA supply chain practices, recognizing the unique challenges and opportunities each region presents. Africa, with its diverse economies and infrastructural constraints, faces distinct challenges in achieving supply chain resilience. The study investigates how African organizations leverage advanced analytics to overcome these challenges and identifies best practices. Similarly, the analysis explores how USA practices utilize advanced analytics to bolster supply chain resilience, drawing parallels and distinctions with the African context. The paper also discusses the implications of these findings for policymakers, businesses, and academia. Understanding the effectiveness of advanced analytics in different supply chain contexts can inform the development of tailored strategies for enhancing resilience. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on the state of advanced analytics adoption in the supply chain domain in these regions and by providing insights that can guide future research and practical implementations. This paper provides a glimpse into the dynamic landscape of supply chain resilience, showcasing the pivotal role advanced analytics plays in fortifying global supply chains. The comparative review of African and USA practices offers a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities these regions face, contributing valuable insights for practitioners and researchers alike.

Keywords: Analytics, Supply Chain, USA, Africa, Review.
AI-DRIVEN PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN RETAIL: A REVIEW OF EMERGING TRENDS AND CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Authors: David Iyanuoluwa Ajiga  , Ndubuisi Leonard Ndubuisi  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu  , Oluwaseyi Rita Owolabi  , Tula Sunday Tubokirifuruar  , Rhoda Adura Adeleye
Published: February 2024

As the retail landscape undergoes a profound transformation in the era of digitalization, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics has emerged as a pivotal force reshaping the industry. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest trends in AI-driven predictive analytics within the retail sector and explores innovative customer engagement strategies that leverage these advanced technologies. The review begins by elucidating the foundational concepts of AI and predictive analytics, highlighting their synergistic role in forecasting consumer behavior, demand patterns, and market trends. The paper then delves into the emerging trends, such as machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision, that are revolutionizing the way retailers harness data for strategic decision-making. In addition to outlining technological advancements, the paper emphasizes the crucial role of data quality and ethical considerations in the implementation of AI-driven predictive analytics. It examines the challenges associated with privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the need for transparent AI models to ensure responsible and fair use of customer data. Furthermore, the paper explores a spectrum of customer engagement strategies enabled by AI-driven predictive analytics. From personalized shopping experiences and targeted marketing campaigns to dynamic pricing and inventory optimization, retailers are deploying innovative approaches to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. The review also discusses case studies of successful AI implementations in leading retail enterprises, showcasing tangible benefits such as improved operational efficiency, increased sales, and enhanced customer retention. These real-world examples illustrate the transformative impact of AI-driven predictive analytics on diverse aspects of the retail value chain. By examining emerging trends and customer engagement strategies, it serves as a valuable resource for industry professionals, researchers, and policymakers seeking to navigate the evolving landscape of AI in the retail sector.

Keywords: AI-driven Predictive Analytics, Retail Industry, Customer Engagement Strategies, Machine Learning Algorithms, Natural Language Processing.
REVIEWING THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI IN DECISION MAKING PROCESSES
Authors: Femi Osasona  , Olukunle Oladipupo Amoo  , Akoh Atadoga  , Temitayo Oluwaseun Abrahams  , Oluwatoyin Ajoke Farayola  , Benjamin Samson Ayinla
Published: February 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become an integral part of decision-making processes across various industries, revolutionizing the way choices are made. This Review delves into the ethical considerations associated with the use of AI in decision-making, exploring the implications of algorithms, automation, and machine learning. The incorporation of AI in decision-making introduces a myriad of ethical concerns that demand careful scrutiny. The opacity of algorithms raises questions about transparency, accountability, and bias. Decision-making processes driven by AI can be complex and difficult to interpret, leading to challenges in understanding how and why specific choices are made. As a result, ethical concerns emerge regarding the potential lack of transparency and accountability, especially when these decisions impact individuals or societal groups. Bias in AI algorithms poses a critical ethical challenge. Machine learning models learn from historical data, and if that data is biased, the AI system may perpetuate and even exacerbate existing biases. Addressing this challenge requires meticulous examination of training data, algorithmic design, and ongoing monitoring to ensure fairness and mitigate discrimination. The increased reliance on AI in decision-making processes also raises concerns about accountability and responsibility. When AI systems make decisions, determining who is ultimately responsible for those decisions becomes a complex ethical issue. Establishing a framework for accountability is crucial to ensure that individuals, organizations, and developers share responsibility for the outcomes of AI-driven decisions. Moreover, ethical considerations extend to the broader societal impact of AI in decision-making. Issues such as job displacement, economic inequality, and the potential concentration of power in the hands of a few require careful ethical examination. Striking a balance between technological advancement and social responsibility is paramount to ensuring that AI benefits society as a whole. In conclusion, this review highlights the ethical implications of integrating AI into decision-making processes. It underscores the need for transparency, fairness, and accountability to address concerns related to bias, responsibility, and the broader societal impact of AI-driven decisions. Ethical frameworks must evolve alongside technological advancements to foster a responsible and equitable integration of AI in decision-making processes.

Keywords: Ethical, Implications, AI, Decision Making, Process.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICY IN FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A USA AND AFRICA REVIEW
Authors: Adeola Olusola Ajayi-Nifise  , Sunday Tubokirifuruar Tula  , Onyeka Franca Asuzu  , Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo  , Funmilola Olatundun Olatoye  , Chidera Victoria Ibeh
Published: February 2024

This Review explores the crucial role of government policies in fostering entrepreneurship by examining the experiences of the United States (USA) and various African nations. Entrepreneurship is a driving force for economic growth, job creation, and innovation, and government policies play a pivotal role in shaping the entrepreneurial landscape. In the USA, a robust history of entrepreneurial success is attributed in part to supportive government policies. The Review delves into specific policies that have contributed to fostering entrepreneurship, including tax incentives, access to funding through Small Business Administration (SBA) programs, and initiatives promoting innovation and research. The analysis extends to the regulatory environment, emphasizing the importance of flexible regulations that encourage innovation while ensuring consumer protection. Turning attention to Africa, the Review explores the diversity of government approaches across the continent. It considers initiatives implemented by African nations to promote entrepreneurship, such as the establishment of entrepreneurial ecosystems, funding mechanisms for startups, and efforts to streamline regulatory frameworks. The review acknowledges the unique challenges faced by African entrepreneurs, including limited access to capital and infrastructure constraints, and evaluates how government policies aim to address these issues. The comparative analysis highlights lessons that African nations can draw from the USA's successful policies, such as the importance of fostering a culture of innovation, providing targeted financial support, and creating an enabling regulatory environment. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for context-specific policies that consider the unique socio-economic conditions of each African nation. In conclusion, the Review underscores the critical role of government policy in nurturing entrepreneurship, drawing insights from the USA's experience and the varied approaches across African nations. It calls for a nuanced understanding of the diverse African entrepreneurial landscape and encourages policymakers to tailor initiatives that catalyze entrepreneurship, driving economic development across the continent.

Keywords: Role, Government, Policy, Fostering, Entrepreneurship.
UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF INNOVATIVE HR PRACTICES FOR SUPERIOR ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A TRANSFORMATIVE CASE STUDY OF SMES IN OMAN
Authors: Dr. Mohammed Kutpudeen  , Dr. Muhammad Tahir
Published: February 2024

As the business landscape in Oman continues to evolve, it is becoming increasingly clear that innovative HR practices will play a key role in determining the success of SMEs. In the coming years, we can expect to see a growing emphasis on HR practices that prioritize employee empowerment, engagement, and development. It will be interesting to explore how such practices will impact organizational performance in the SME sector of Oman. A quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve this, and data was collected using a structured survey questionnaire. The survey received responses from 383 randomly selected proprietors across all regions of the Sultanate of Oman. The data collected from the questionnaires was used to evaluate the participants' feedback on different innovative HR practices and their impact on organizational performance. The findings from the data collected showed that there is a positive and significant effect of innovative HR practices on organizational performance in terms of recruitment & and selection, learning & and development, performance appraisal and employee commitment. It is concluded that Innovative HR practices are vital in every SME in Oman.

Keywords: Human Resource, SMEs, Recruitment, Selection, Learning, Development, Reward, Appraisal, Involvement.
EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC DYNAMICS ON STOCK MARKET RETURN VOLATILITY IN NIGERIA: ARDL APPROACH
Authors: Andrew E.O. Erhijakpor  , Diebogheneruo Honour
Published: February 2024

The study looked at how macroeconomic factors influenced stock market return volatility in Nigeria. To achieve this goal, macroeconomic dynamics were proxied with Money Supply (MS), Interest Rate (INTR), Exchange Rate (EXCHR), Inflation Rate (INFLR), and Real Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate (RGDPGR), while stock market (SMKT) return volatility was proxied by All Share Index Volatility (ASIV). The information was gathered from the CBN Statistical Bulletin from 1985 to 2021. It was then analysed using Descriptive Statistics, Unit Root Test, and Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) analysis. The data demonstrated that MS has a positive inconsequential influence on ASIV in the short run but a positive consequential impact on ASIV in the long run, as shown by p-values (0.0588 and 0.0534) in the short and long runs, respectively; INTR has a negative impact on ASIV in both the short and long runs. It has p-values of 0.4590 and 0.0473, indicating no statistical significance in the short run but a substantial effect in the long run; EXCHR has a negative, insignificant impact on ASIV in both the short and long term. Its p-values (0.3071 and 0.3046) are also more than the 5% level of significance; INFLR has a detrimental impact on ASIV both short and long term. It has p-values of 0.1258 and 0.1374, indicating that there is no statistical significance in the short and long runs, and that RGDPGR has a positive impact on ASIV in both the short and long runs. It exhibits p-values of 0.5314 and 0.5293, indicating no statistical significance in the short and long term. As a result, it was determined that macroeconomic dynamics have no significant impact on SMKT return volatility in Nigeria. This means that politicians and regulators must ensure that the money supply and exchange rates remains steady overall. They should also endeavour to curb inflationary trends and keep interest rates constant in the economy so that the SMKT can perform better and achieve the desired economic growth and national development.

Keywords: Macro, Economic, Dynamics, Stock, Market, Return and Volatility.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORKFORCE EFFICIENCY, CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT, AND RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: LESSONS FROM NIGERIA AND THE USA
Authors: Zainab Efe Egieya  , Anwuli Nkemchor Obiki-Osafiele  , Uneku Ikwue  , Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo  , Chibuike Daraojimba
Published: February 2024

This comparative analysis explores the nuanced dynamics of workforce efficiency, customer engagement, and risk management strategies in the distinct business landscapes of Nigeria and the USA. The study delves into the cultural, economic, and regulatory factors that shape these strategies, shedding light on the lessons that can be gleaned from the divergent approaches adopted by organizations in these two nations. Workforce efficiency is a critical element in organizational success, and this study examines how cultural influences, educational systems, and labor market dynamics impact the productivity of employees in Nigeria and the USA. The analysis considers factors such as work ethic, training programs, and technology adoption to draw insights into optimizing workforce efficiency in diverse contexts. Customer engagement strategies play a pivotal role in business sustainability, and this research investigates how cultural preferences, communication styles, and market expectations influence customer interactions in Nigeria and the USA. It explores the effectiveness of personalized approaches, digital platforms, and customer feedback mechanisms, aiming to identify cross-cultural best practices that can enhance customer engagement strategies globally. Risk management is an ever-present concern for organizations, and this study scrutinizes the regulatory frameworks, economic conditions, and risk tolerance levels that shape risk management strategies in Nigeria and the USA. By comparing approaches to compliance, financial risk mitigation, and crisis response, the research aims to distill universal principles applicable across borders. As the analysis unfolds, it unveils valuable lessons for businesses seeking to operate efficiently, engage customers effectively, and manage risks adeptly in diverse international environments. By juxtaposing the experiences of Nigeria and the USA, this comparative study provides actionable insights for organizations navigating the intricate intersection of cultural nuances and business imperatives on the global stage .

Keywords: Workforce, Customer, Management, USA, Nigeria, Review.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN THE USA: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW WITH EUROPEAN MODELS
Authors: Sunday Tubokirifuruar Tula  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Chinwe Chinzo Okoye  , Adeola Olushola Ajayi Nifise  , Olubusola Odeyemi
Published: February 2024

This Review provides a concise overview of a comparative review exploring entrepreneurial ecosystems in the United States and their counterparts in Europe. The examination seeks to identify key characteristics, strengths, and challenges within these ecosystems, shedding light on the factors influencing entrepreneurship on both sides of the Atlantic. The entrepreneurial landscape in the United States has long been considered a global benchmark, characterized by a dynamic ecosystem that nurtures innovation, risk-taking, and venture capital. This review engages in a comparative analysis, juxtaposing the American entrepreneurial ecosystem with models prevalent in Europe. It delves into the structural elements, support mechanisms, and cultural factors that shape and differentiate these ecosystems. In the USA, a robust ecosystem is marked by a convergence of factors such as world-class universities, a prolific venture capital landscape, and a culture that embraces risk and failure as integral to the entrepreneurial journey. The review scrutinizes how these elements contribute to the rapid formation and scaling of startups, fostering a culture of innovation and resilience. Contrastingly, European entrepreneurial ecosystems exhibit a diverse range of models influenced by regional variations in culture, regulatory environments, and historical contexts. The analysis probes into the strengths and challenges inherent in these ecosystems, exploring how they navigate issues such as access to capital, risk aversion, and the balance between innovation and regulatory frameworks. The comparative review aims to distill insights that can inform policymakers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders on both sides of the Atlantic. By understanding the nuances of each ecosystem, the goal is to identify transferable best practices, foster cross-cultural collaborations, and contribute to the evolution of more resilient and globally competitive entrepreneurial environments. In summary, this review illuminates the distinct characteristics of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the USA and Europe, offering a comparative lens to understand the intricacies that drive innovation and economic growth. As the global landscape continues to evolve, this review serves as a valuable resource for shaping policies, fostering collaboration, and advancing the collective understanding of what propels successful entrepreneurship in diverse and dynamic contexts.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial, Ecosystem, European, Models, Policies.
Olaparib (Lynparza)
Authors: CADTH
Published: February 2024

CADTH recommends that Lynparza, in combination with abiraterone and prednisone or prednisolone, should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) if certain conditions are met.

Lynparza should only be covered to treat patients with mCRPC who have BRCA mutations, who have not been treated with an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPi), who have not been treated with a poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor for mCRPC, and who have not been treated with a CYP-17 inhibitor for mCRPC for more than 4 months. Also, the patients should be in relatively good health.

Lynparza, in combination with abiraterone and prednisone or prednisolone, should only be reimbursed if it is prescribed by a clinician with expertise in treating prostate cancer with systemic anticancer therapy and if the costs of both Lynparza and abiraterone are reduced.
Tradisi Intelektual Ulama Pesantren: Studi Komparasi Ulama Pesantren Salaf dan Pesantren Modern
Authors: Ramdani Diki
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menelusuri tradisi ulama yang berlatarbelakang pendidikan pesantren tradisional dan pesantren modern dalam mendidik santri-santrinya sebagai kader ulama. Penulis mengambil studi kasus Ali Mustafa Yaqub sebagai representasi ulama yang lahir dari rahim pesantren salaf dan Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi sebagai representasi dari ulama yang lahir dari rahim pesantren modern. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskritif dengan melakukan analisis berbasis kajian kepustakaan (library research), sehingga teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan melalui pengumpulan sumber-sumber primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ali Mustafa Yaqub sangat kuat mempertahankan idealisme model pesantren salaf dengan basis kitab kuning, hal ini terlihat dari lembaga pendidikan pesantren Darus Sunnah yang ia dirikan dengan visinya mengader ulama sejak dini. Ia juga menekankan bahwa ulama harus bisa membaca dan memahami kitab kuning. Berbeda dengan Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi, melalui Pondok Modern Gontor, ia lebih mengarahkan santri-santrinya kepada life skill seperti organisasi, kesenian, dan olahraga. Gontor tidak mengajarkan kitab kuning secara komprehensif akan tetapi ia memberikan pelajaran Bahasa Arab dasar sebagai kunci untuk mendalami kitab kuning di kemudian hari.
Attitudes of students of the Faculty of Education (Kosovo) about pedagogical practice in their preparation for service
Authors: Avdiu-Kryeziu Shqipe , Kryeziu Veli
Published: February 2024

Purpose of this study is the attitudes of students before the service for pedagogical practice in study program Preschool Education and Primary Education. Since the scope of these programs within the Faculties of Education has the mission of teaching. Research was carried out using the qualitative method, instrument for realization of the research was a semi-structured interview with a total of 15 students of these programs for pedagogical practice. Through reviewed literature and qualitative research, we have obtained results that pedagogical practice is useful and prepares students to be ready for service after graduation, also mentor teachers at school as well as supervising professors make an extraordinary contribution to the professional development of students before the service. To conclude, we have extracted the attitudes of students about importance of practical learning, students from pedagogical practice in educational institutions have benefited from experiences related to cooperation, planning, inclusiveness, plan realization, and should use these potentials for benefits of them regarding preparation for teachers in the future. Research is of particular importance in the field of education, serves students of Faculties of Education, teachers, professors of higher education, and as such is useful for sciences of Education in general.
Percepciones de la integridad en la docencia universitaria: perspectiva del alumnado
Authors: Caballero Maritza Minelli Briceño
Published: February 2024

La integridad académica, entendida como el conjunto de valores y principios éticos que guían las interacciones y el intercambio de ideas dentro de una comunidad educativa, adquiere una relevancia especial en el contexto universitario. El rol del docente en la formación de profesionales es central, y la falta de integridad académica puede minar significativamente la calidad de la educación. Esta investigación de tipo cuantitativa, identificó la presencia de conductas poco éticas en el desempeño de los profesores desde la perspectiva de 1558 estudiantes de grado en una universidad pública mexicana mediante una encuesta. Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes identifican con mayor frecuencia conductas poco éticas en dos ámbitos principales: el desempeño de los docentes en el aula y su relación con los estudiantes. Por otro lado, se observaron con menor frecuencia percepciones negativas relacionadas con las obligaciones generales de los profesores y los procesos de evaluación. Estas conductas poco éticas, identificadas por el estudiantado, tienen el potencial de impactar negativamente en la calidad de la enseñanza, dado que el ambiente en el aula es un espacio crítico donde se manifiestan y modelan los valores y la ética del profesorado.
Evaluation and Comparison of Plaque Detection with Novel Fluorescent Plaque Detector and Disclosing Agent: A Clinical Study
Authors: Koneru Suneetha , Reddy Moulika , Jyothi Venkata Subbamma
Published: February 2024

Background: Plaque detection and control are extremely important for maintaining individual’s oral hygiene. Initially disclosing agents were used to detect plaque, which is time consuming. To overcome the disadvantages of disclosing agents, many newer methods have been introduced for easy and simple plaque detection method. The use of fluorescence spectroscopy is a fast and effective way to monitor oral health condition and for plaque detection.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of newly arising plaque detector device and compare with Disclosing agent.
Methodology: A Comparative Study with a sample size of 100 was taken and plaque was examined using plaque detector (50 patients) and disclosing agent (50 patients) respectively on the anterior teeth facial surfaces. The disclosing dye solution was applied on a fresh cotton swab till the swab was fully saturated and then gently applied on the tooth surfaces. Excess solution was washed away by allowing the participants to rinse with tap water once. Fluorescence photographs were taken of the vestibular aspect of the teeth in the upper and lower jaw using fluorescent plaque detector. Plaque scores were recorded using Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. Independent t test is used to determine the significant differences between both the groups.
Results: Clinical assessment and statistical analysis showed that fluorescent plaque detector is more significant and efficient than Disclosing agent.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that fluorescent plaque detector is simple, easy to use, and convenient when compared to Disclosing agent.

Key words: Dental plaque; Plaque detection; fluorescent plaque detection; autofluorescence; Oral hygiene;
Knowledge, Attitude, Use and Perception Towards Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Among Physiotherapists of Ahmedabad
Authors: Patel Shreya Mitalbhai , Jhala Mihirdev P.
Published: February 2024

Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBP) is where the concept originated from evidence-based medicine. EBP is defined as "the methodical, straightforward, and reasonable application of current best evidence from research endeavors in determining protocol regarding the specific patient's supervision.". This study looked at the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of physiotherapists working in a rehabilitation context related to evidence-based practice (EBP) using a survey approach.
Aim: The study aimed to find out the level of Knowledge, Attitude, Use, and Perception Towards Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among physiotherapists of Ahmedabad
Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among physiotherapists of Ahmedabad. A survey of 62 physiotherapists, both male and female, was conducted using an evidence-based practice questionnaire. The responses were submitted through Google Forms. Ethical clearance has been taken.
Result: Ninety-three percent with an average age of 26 knew about evidence-based practice. It showed that 42.75% could start search tactics to identify research and evaluate the literature, 39% fully comprehended meta-analysis, and just 5% grasped forest plots. 48.11% of people had a favorable opinion of evidence-based practice. The biggest obstacle was thought to be a lack of critical appraisal skills.
Conclusion: The adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP) in physiotherapy may be hampered by constraints such as a lack of knowledge about how to apply EBP in everyday practice and despite physiotherapists' strong positive sentiments toward it.

Key words: knowledge, perception, attitude, evidence-based practice, physiotherapists
The Knowledge of Physiotherapy Practitioners on the Effects of Strengthening Exercises on Stroke Patients at Selected Hospitals in Lusaka District
Authors: Mwansa Marjorie R. , Salipako Kenga , Kunda Richard
Published: February 2024

Background: Physical inactivity has been established to be an independent risk factor for a range of chronic diseases and conditions that threaten the health of the nation. Therefore, the role of strengthening exercises in patients who had stroke is to prevent further disability.
Objectives: To determine the knowledge of physiotherapy practitioners on the effects of strengthening exercises on stroke patients at selected hospitals in Lusaka District.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study which utilized quantitative methods. The sample size of 57 participants, both males and females in the age group of 19 to 65 years were chosen using purposive sampling technique. The Excel software program, Chi-Square test and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) were used to capture and analyze the data.
Results: In this study, 43 physiotherapy practitioners participated and the response rate was 75%. The majority were females (74%) while (26%) were males. Most of the participants (55%) had the Bachelor of Science Degree while 12% had Master of Science. According to the results, 70% of the participants defined physical activity as an activity which involved skeletal muscles that led to energy expenditure above resting level. The majority of the practitioners reported positive results from using strengthening exercises to improve stroke outcomes. Specifically, 74% of them rated the outcomes as satisfactory, while 26% rated them as very satisfactory. The results also showed that physiotherapy practitioners have the required knowledge with regard to the effects of strengthening exercises in stroke patients. However, they preferred other forms of exercise that were less demanding on their schedule.
Conclusion: The physiotherapy practitioners had adequate knowledge about the benefit of physical activity and the effects of strength training on stroke patients. They all agreed that to yield better results, the right time to commence strength training was soon after occurrence of a stroke. However, this knowledge did not influence their decision to use strength training in post stroke rehabilitation more, which suggested that they did not base their decisions on evidence.

Key words: Stroke management, Modalities, Strengthening exercises, Physiotherapy, Practitioners, Knowledge, Effects
Prospective study on safety and efficacy of trimethylglycine in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with or without fibrosis
Authors: Dalal Dhaval , Jain Puneet , Puthenpurayil Susanna Jose
Published: February 2024

Recognized as a prominent contributor to liver-related morbidity and mortality, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) holds significance due to its potential progression to cirrhosis and liver failure. Scientific literature indicates that dietary supplements containing betaine, a naturally occurring chemical compound, demonstrate efficacy in reducing hepatic fat accumulation. The primary objective of our study is to assess the impact of trimethylglycine (TMG) in patients diagnosed with NAFLD, with or without fibrosis.
Methods: Approval for this study was obtained from the local ethics committee, and participants were enrolled based on a diagnosis of NAFLD. This hospital-based interventional investigation involved 244 NAFLD patients, aiming to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TMG. Trimethylglycine, administered orally, consisted of 2 sachets TDS (three times a day) for 1 month, followed by 1 sachet TDS for the subsequent 2 months (each sachet containing 3 gm Betaine). Ultrasonography with elastography was conducted on NAFLD subjects before and after trimethylglycine treatment to assess liver grade, stiffness, and spleen size.
Results: Significant positive correlations were identified between BMI and ultrasonography with elastography parameters, including spleen size (p value = 0.002), liver stiffness (p value < 0.001), and visceral fat thickness (p value < 0.001). Abdominal circumference also exhibited positive correlations with spleen size (p value = 0.020), liver stiffness (p value = 0.002), and visceral fat thickness (p value < 0.001).
Conclusions: These findings suggest a crucial role for betaine in the treatment of NAFLD. However, further validation of its effectiveness is imperative through extensive, multicenter randomized studies.

Key words: betaine, trimethylglycine (TMG), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), SAM (S-adenosyl-L-methionine), metabolic disease