bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph Visualization: Alternative Models Inspired by Bioinformatics
Authors: Kolomeets Maxim , Desnitsky Vasily , Kotenko Igor , Chechulin Andrey
Published: April 2023

Currently, the methods and means of human–machine interaction and visualization as its integral part are being increasingly developed. In various fields of scientific knowledge and technology, there is a need to find and select the most effective visualization models for various types of data, as well as to develop automation tools for the process of choosing the best visualization model for a specific case. There are many data visualization tools in various application fields, but at the same time, the main difficulty lies in presenting data of an interconnected (node-link) structure, i.e., networks. Typically, a lot of software means use graphs as the most straightforward and versatile models. To facilitate visual analysis, researchers are developing ways to arrange graph elements to make comparing, searching, and navigating data easier. However, in addition to graphs, there are many other visualization models that are less versatile but have the potential to expand the capabilities of the analyst and provide alternative solutions. In this work, we collected a variety of visualization models, which we call alternative models, to demonstrate how different concepts of information representation can be realized. We believe that adapting these models to improve the means of human–machine interaction will help analysts make significant progress in solving the problems researchers face when working with graphs.
Identification of Stopping Points in GPS Trajectories by Two-Step Clustering Based on DPCC with Temporal and Entropy Constraints
Authors: Wang Kang , Pang Liwei , Li Xiaoli
Published: April 2023

The widespread adoption of intelligent devices has led to the generation of vast amounts of Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectory data. One of the significant challenges in this domain is to accurately identify stopping points from GPS trajectory data. Traditional clustering methods have proven ineffective in accurately identifying non-stopping points caused by trailing or round trips. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel density peak clustering algorithm based on coherence distance, incorporating temporal and entropy constraints, referred to as the two-step DPCC-TE. The proposed algorithm introduces a coherence index to integrate spatial and temporal features, and imposes temporal and entropy constraints on the clusters to mitigate local density increase caused by slow-moving points and back-and-forth movements. Moreover, to address the issue of interactions between subclusters after one-step clustering, a two-step clustering algorithm is proposed based on the DPCC-TE algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed two-step clustering algorithm outperforms the DBSCAN-TE and one-step DPCC-TE methods, and achieves an accuracy of 95.49% in identifying stopping points.
Two-Dimensional Model for Consolidation-Induced Solute Transport in an Unsaturated Porous Medium
Authors: Wu Sheng , Jeng Dong-Sheng
Published: April 2023

Solute transport through porous media is usually described by well-established conventional transport models with the ability to account for advection, dispersion, and sorption. In this study, we further extend our previous one-dimensional model for solute transport in an unsaturated porous medium to two dimensions. The present model is based on a small-strain approach. The proposed model is validated with previous work. Both homogeneous landfill and pointed landfill conditions are considered. A detailed parametric study shows the differences between the present model and previous one-dimensional model.
Rhizosphere Acidification Determines Phosphorus Availability in Calcareous Soil and Influences Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Tolerance to P Deficiency
Authors: Baccari Basma , Krouma Abdelmajid
Published: April 2023

Calcareous soils are known for their alkaline pH-promoting insoluble forms of certain nutrients, including phosphorus (P). Rhizosphere acidification is one of the main physiological mechanisms of phosphorus mobilization by plants. However, specific and genotypic differences in response to P deficiency are often observed, giving some genotypes particular tolerance abilities. This genetic potential gives us a new opportunity to colonize unused lands, improve yield in problematic soils, and install sustainable agrosystems. To this end, a potted experiment was conducted on three faba bean genotypes (Seville, SEV; Aguadulce, AGUA; and Tunisian, TUN) cultivated on calcareous soil (CS), as compared to fertile soil (FS). Measurements are made on plant growth, the SPAD index, photosynthesis, P distribution, rhizosphere acidification, and related interrelationships. Calcareous soil induced specific symptoms of P deficiency, reduced P concentration and decreased SPAD index, net photosynthesis, and plant growth. Rhizosphere acidification was significantly stimulated in CS. This activity determines the genotypic differences in response to P deficiency in faba bean. The genotype TUN was more adapted to calcareous-induced P deficiency than AGUA and SEV by increasing acidification activity, decreasing pH by 0.6 units in the rhizosphere, and having higher biomass production, photosynthesis, P remobilization, and P accumulation. The key functional traits (plant growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis) are strictly dependent on P availability, which remains in close relationship with the acidification capacity (AC). The tolerant genotype (TUN) expressed a lower stress index (SI) but higher P use efficiency (PUE), H-ATPase activity, and P uptake and translocation to shoots (PT), allowing it to maintain better metabolic functioning. AC, PT, PUE, and SI are among the main traits of P management in calcareous soils that promote resilient crops.
Contested Notions of Ubuntu as a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Theory in Africa: An Exploratory Literature Review
Authors: Makwara Tendai , Dzansi Dennis Yao , Chipunza Crispen
Published: April 2023

Culture significantly influences corporate social responsibility (CSR) behaviours and business ethics in Africa. In that context, various claims exist about how Ubuntu ethics can also serve as a practicable theory to guide CSR actions. In line with such claims, this study critically interrogated the practicability of utilising an Ubuntu-based approach to guide CSR actions among African businesses. It drew perspectives from published theoretical and empirical literature focusing on Ubuntu as a CSR construct. In conclusion, based on the analysed views, the article argues that although the Ubuntu philosophy adds valuable insight into how firms and managers in Africa can conduct their CSR activities, its transition from a cultural philosophy to a business ethics theory needs to be revised. This implies that the current aspirations of Ubuntu-based CSR relevant to local contexts may not be realised soon.
Prediction of Bay-Shaped Shorelines between Detached Breakwaters with Various Gap Spacings
Authors: Tsai Ching-Piao , Chen Ying-Chi , Ko Chun-Han
Published: April 2023

Detached breakwaters are widely used for shore protection. The planforms of tombolos or salients behind structures have also been used to provide a recreational and sustainable coastal environment. In this study, the comprehensive XBeach model was used to numerically simulate the evolution of wave transformation, nearshore current, and morphological changes in tombolo planforms behind detached breakwaters. Given various gap spacings between consecutive breakwaters, the numerical results indicated that both equilibrium bay-shaped shorelines and bottom profiles form in the lee of detached breakwaters after long-term persistent wave action. These equilibrium shorelines and bottom profiles were verified using well-known empirical formulas. Post-wave-action retreat displacement to the initial shoreline was analyzed, and an empirical relationship was proposed for predicting the equilibrium bay-shaped shoreline. By associating the empirical formula with a parabolic bay-shape equation, some actual beaches were evaluated to validate the predictions of equilibrium shorelines behind detached breakwaters. In conclusion, to appropriately plan the layouts of breakwaters, bay-shaped shorelines of tombolo planforms in the lee of detached breakwaters can be predicted at the design stage by using the proposed relationship.
Developing Young Science and Technology Parks: Recent Findings from Industrial Nations Using the Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Mondal Charles , Al-Kfairy Mousa , Mellor Robert B.
Published: April 2023

Science and technology parks (STPs) are curated locations where new technology-based firms (NTBFs) and other SMEs and firms can conglomerate and promote a culture of innovation. Overall, the aim is to construct a sustainable high-value tech entrepreneurship ecosystem, and to this end we present here some recent and novel concepts derived from approaches using a data-driven statistical foundation. This paper considers studies on the organic growth of young start-up science and technology parks by authors who have used big data, econometric analyses, panel data and computer simulations. The results and concepts are derived from industrialized countries, notably Sweden and the UK, and may well be applicable to many regions and emerging economies. The findings are of interest to regional development, technology entrepreneurs considering choosing an STP to inhabit, as well as those in STP central teams, specializing in management and enterprise development, including the sustainable growth of new parks.
Cost Efficiency Evaluation of an On-Chain, Decentralized Ride-Sharing Platform
Authors: Aschauer Georg , Sonnleitner Erik , Kurz Marc
Published: April 2023

Traditional taxi providers are slowly losing their clients to online taxi providers, which are becoming increasingly popular. These companies typically provide a commercial, centralized platform in order to provide these services. The concept of centralization gives those providers significant power over their users, such as demanding and changing fees and collecting data over provided services. We aim to discuss how a decentralized approach using blockchains can solve those problems. A ride-sharing platform with the most essential functionality is implemented using a decentralized application based on smart contracts, which are, in turn, deployed on different blockchains. Various effects with respect to implementing and providing a decentralized ride-sharing service are taken in to account, especially regarding the effective cost for users. The fees of the developed platform heavily depend on which blockchain it is deployed on. Blockchains may compete in term of cost with traditional ride-sharing platforms, but choosing a suitable blockchain for the application is essential. Furthermore, the prototype shows that the time it takes for a transaction to be manifested into a block and subsequently confirmed is multiple times longer than a traditional web service response. These new problems require a new approach to implementing those requests that do not negatively affect the user experience.
A Review on the Application of 3D Printing Technology in Pavement Maintenance
Authors: Gong Fangyuan , Cheng Xuejiao , Wang Qinghua , Chen Yi , You Zhanping , Liu Yu
Published: April 2023

To examine the application and significance of 3D printing technology in pavement maintenance engineering, a review of the current developments in principles, types, materials, and equipment for 3D printing was conducted. A comparison and analysis of traditional methods and 3D printing for asphalt pavement maintenance led to an investigation of 3D asphalt printing technologies and equipment. As a result, the following suggestions and conclusions are proposed: 3D printing technology can increase the level of automation and standardization of pavement maintenance engineering, leading to effective improvements in worker safety, climate adaptability, repair accuracy, etc. For on-site repair of cracks and minor potholes, utilizing material extrusion technology a mobile 3D asphalt printing robot with a screw extrusion device can be used for accuracy and flexibility. For efficient repair of varying cracks, material jetting technology with a UAV equipped with a 3D printing air-feeding device can be employed.
Capital Inflows and Working Children in Developing Countries: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Kechagia Polyxeni , Metaxas Theodore
Published: April 2023

International capital flows and the operation of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are influenced by several socioeconomic and political factors. Among them, low labor cost is listed among the determinants that attract foreign capital, primarily foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, which in various cases is attributed to unskilled employees, including working children. Working children, mainly in developing countries, remain an important social issue which has attracted increasing research interest, as well as the coordinated efforts of international organizations. The present research aims to empirically investigate the interaction between FDI inflows and child labor in developing countries using panel data analysis. The paper includes an extensive literature review of related empirical research on the association between child labor and FDI inflows in developing countries. The novelty of the study is attributed to its effort to empirically investigate the causality between FDI and child labor in two geographic regions that present high rates of working children, namely sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. A sample of 42 developing countries from a period ranging from 1980 to 2019 was used and Granger causality tests were applied. The study concludes that there is a unidirectional causal relationship from FDI inflows to child labor in these regions and no causality was observed from child labor on macroeconomic independent variables. Several policies and proposals that will reduce or prevent child labor in the subsidiaries of multinational companies are included.
Prediction of Gender-Biased Perceptions of Learners and Teachers Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kausar Ghazala , Saleem Sajid , Subhan Fazli , Suud Mazliham Mohd , Alam Mansoor , Uddin M. Irfan
Published: April 2023

Computers have enabled diverse and precise data processing and analysis for decades. Researchers of humanities and social sciences are increasingly adopting computational tools such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to analyse human behaviour in society by identifying patterns within data. In this regard, this paper presents the modelling of teachers and students’ perceptions regarding gender bias in text books through AI. The data was collected from 470 respondents through a questionnaire using five different themes. The data was analysed with support vector machines (SVM), decision trees (DT), random forest (RF) and artificial neural networks (ANN). The experimental results show that the prediction of perceptions regarding gender varies according to the theme and leads to the different performances of the AI techniques. However, it is observed that when data from all the themes are combined, the best results are obtained. The experimental results show that ANN, on average, demonstrates the best performance by achieving an accuracy of 87.2%, followed by RF and SVM, which demonstrate an accuracy of 84% and 80%, respectively. This paper is significant in modelling human behaviour in society through AI, which is a significant contribution to the field.
Study on the Influence of Rotational Speed and Pad Temperature of Pumped-Storage Set on Oil Mist Leakage of Thrust Bearing
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhang Yuquan , Ge Xinfeng , Zheng Yuan , Peng Xuyi , Hong Yunlai , Fernandez-Rodriguez Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

The accumulation of oil mist in the thrust bearings poses a threat to the safety of the unit, leading to financial and environmental losses. To investigate the generation and influencing factors of oil mist in the oil tank of the thrust bearing in a pumped-storage power station, a novel numerical simulation method is proposed for calculating the oil–oil mist–air multi-phase flow based on the VOF model, RNG k−ε turbulence model, and Lee model. The proposed numerical method’s reliability is verified using field operation data. The effects of rotational speed and pad temperature on the formation of oil mist inside the oil tank were examined from two perspectives of internal and external oil leaks. The research revealed two accumulation areas where oil mist is generated and accumulated: between the thrust head and the oil-retaining ring and near the oil slinger. The former causes external oil leaks due to pressure differences, while the latter causes internal oil leaks due to the rotor blast effect. An increase in temperature and rotational speed exacerbates the formation of oil mist. Furthermore, an increase in speed decreases the pressure change rate at the wall of the inner tank (external oil leaks) by 5.95% and at the oil slinger (internal leaks) by 44.64%. Consequently, compared to external oil leaks, internal oil leaks are more likely to occur.
Pre-Invexity and Fuzzy Fractional Integral Inequalities via Fuzzy Up and Down Relation
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Macías-Díaz Jorge , Jafari Saeid , Maash Abdulwadoud , Soliman Mohamed
Published: April 2023

The symmetric function class interacts heavily with other types of functions. One of these is the pre-invex function class, which is strongly related to symmetry theory. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy fractional extension of the Hermite-Hadamard, Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér, and Pachpatte type inequalities for up and down pre-invex fuzzy-number-valued mappings. Using fuzzy fractional operators, several generalizations have been developed, where well-known results fit as particular cases. Additionally, some non-trivial examples are included to support the discussion and the applicability of the key findings. The approach appears trustworthy and effective for dealing with various nonlinear problems in science and engineering. The findings are general and may constitute contributions to complex waveform theory.
A Concise Review on Some Higgs-Related New Physics Models in Light of Current Experiments
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Jin Min , Zhang Yang , Zhu Pengxuan , Zhu Rui
Published: April 2023

The Higgs boson may serve as a portal to new physics beyond the standard model (BSM), which is implied by the theoretical naturalness or experimental anomalies. This review aims to briefly survey some typical Higgs-related BSM models. First, for the theories to solve the hierarchy problem, the two exemplary theories, the low energy supersymmetry (focusing on the minimal supersymmetric model) and the little Higgs theory, are discussed. For the phenomenological models without addressing the hierarchy problem, we choose the two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDMs) to emphatically elucidate their phenomenological power in explaining current measurements of muon g−2, the W-boson mass and the dark matter (DM) data. For the singlet extensions, which are motivated by the cosmic phase transition and the DM issue, we illustrate the singlet-extended standard model (xSM) and the singlet-extended 2HDM (2HDM+S), emphasizing the vacuum stability. In the decade since the discovery of the Higgs boson, these theories have remained the typical candidates of new physics, which will be intensively studied in future theoretical and experimental research.
Differential Effects of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 (RDR6) Silencing on New and Old World Begomoviruses in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Noris Emanuela , Pegoraro Mattia , Palzhoff Sandra , Urrejola Catalina , Wochner Nicolai , Kober Sigi , Ruoff Kerstin , Matić Slavica , Schnepf Vera , Weisshaar Nina , Wege Christina
Published: April 2023

RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) are key players in the antiviral defence mediated by RNA silencing in plants. RDR6 is one of the major components of the process, regulating the infection of certain RNA viruses. To better clarify its function against DNA viruses, we analyzed the effect of RDR6 inactivation (RDR6i) in N. benthamiana plants on two phloem-limited begomoviruses, the bipartite Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) and the monopartite tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV). We observed exacerbated symptoms and DNA accumulation for the New World virus AbMV in RDR6i plants, varying with the plant growth temperature (ranging from 16 °C to 33 °C). However, for the TYLCSV of Old World origin, RDR6 depletion only affected symptom expression at elevated temperatures and to a minor extent; it did not affect the viral titre. The accumulation of viral siRNA differed between the two begomoviruses, being increased in RDR6i plants infected by AbMV but decreased in those infected by TYLCSV compared to wild-type plants. In situ hybridization revealed a 6.5-fold increase in the number of AbMV-infected nuclei in RDR6i plants but without egress from the phloem tissues. These results support the concept that begomoviruses adopt different strategies to counteract plant defences and that TYLCSV evades the functions exerted by RDR6 in this host.
Assessment of Battery–Supercapacitor Topologies of an Electric Vehicle under Real Driving Conditions
Authors: Pipicelli Michele , Sessa Bernardo , De Nola Francesco , Gimelli Alfredo , Di Blasio Gabriele
Published: April 2023

Road transport is shifting towards electrified vehicle solutions to achieve the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27) carbon neutrality target. According to life cycle assessment analyses, battery production and disposal phases suffer a not-negligible environmental impact to be mitigated with new recycling processes, battery technology, and life-extending techniques. The foundation of this study consists of combining the assessment of vehicle efficiency and battery ageing by applying supercapacitor technology with different topologies to more conventional battery modules. The method employed here consists of analysing different hybrid energy storage system (HESS) topologies for light-duty vehicle applications over a wide range of operating conditions, including real driving cycles. A battery electric vehicle (BEV) has been modelled and validated for this aim, and the reference energy storage system was hybridised with a supercapacitor. Two HESSs with passive and semi-active topologies have been analysed and compared, and an empirical ageing model has been implemented. A rule-based control strategy has been used for the semi-active topology to manage the power split between the battery and supercapacitor. The results demonstrate that the HESS reduced the battery pack root mean square current by up to 45%, slightly improving the battery ageing. The semi-active topology performed sensibly better than the passive one, especially for small supercapacitor sizes, at the expense of more complex control strategies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Humic/Melanin-like Compounds by Oxidative Polymerization of Simple Aromatic Precursors
Authors: Khademimoshgenani Nastaran , Green Sarah A.
Published: April 2023

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of naturally occurring organic molecules originating from multiple marine and terrestrial sources. DOM plays a significant role in water quality by affecting the photochemistry, trace metal transport, and acidity in aquatic systems. Understanding the chemical composition of DOM helps interpret the links between its optical properties and molecular structures. Currently, the molecular origins of the optical properties of DOM are not well-defined. In this study, we oxidize and initiate the polymerization of melanin precursors 1,8-dihydroxy naphthalene and 5,6-dihydroxy indole by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and/or with ultraviolet irradiation. Our goal is to evaluate the possibility of reproducing the optical signatures of DOM from simple aromatic precursors. Optical characterization shows an extreme shift of the absorbance to a featureless trend and broad fluorescence peaks (350–500 nm) like DOM. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry show evidence of oligomers with varying degrees of oxidation. The combination of our results shows that about 1–4 units of melanin oligomers with varying degrees of oxidation mimic the optical properties of DOM. Overall, our results strongly support the idea that simple precursors form oligomeric chromophores mimicking DOMs optical properties through simple oxidative steps.
Multiscale Local Feature Fusion: Marine Microalgae Classification for Few-Shot Learning
Authors: Liu Dan , Liu Ting , Bi Hai , Zhao Yunpeng , Cheng Yuan
Published: April 2023

In the marine ecological environment, marine microalgae is an important photosynthetic autotrophic organism, which can carry out photosynthesis and absorb carbon dioxide. With the increasingly serious eutrophication of the water body, under certain environmental factors, the rapid propagation of some algae in the water body gradually forms a harmful bloom, which damages the water environment. Therefore, how to identify the beneficial algae and harmful algae quickly and accurately has gradually become the key to solve the problem. There are more than 30,000 species of marine microalgae in the world, and the sample data are few and the characteristics are not obvious. Many of the algae are similar in shape and difficult to distinguish. The few-shot learning task is very challenging. By training very few labeled samples, the deep learning model has excellent recognition ability. Meanwhile, the few-shot classification method based on metric learning has attracted considerable attention. In this paper, in order to make full use of image features and improve the generalization ability of the model, a multi-scale local feature fusion algorithm was proposed to classify marine microalgae with few shots. First, the input image is gridded and multiscale processed, and then it is sent to the CTM category traversal module for feature extraction to obtain local features. A local feature fusion module based on the SE-NET self-attention mechanism is designed to obtain local enhanced features containing global information to improve the generalization ability of the model. Classification is realized by calculating the distance between the sample feature vector of the query set and the prototype of the support set. Under the settings of 5-way 1-shot and 5-way 5-shot, the classification accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 6.08% and 5.5%, respectively. It provides a new idea for microalgae identification and a new opportunity for the sustainable development of new energy.
Innovación en la gestión de proyectos de inversión social
Authors: Hernandez Hector Andres , Izquierdo-Pinto Martha Cecilia , Izquierdo-Pinto María Magdalena , Calderón-Sotero Jaime Hernán
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo realiza una revisión sistemática en diversas bases de datos sobre la producción bibliográfica de revistas profesionales, enfocando la atención en la Innovación en proyectos de inversión social, se identificaron 60 artículos de los cuales, tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se seleccionaron 22 (14 de visión internacional y 8 de carácter de participación social colombiana).Se plantea un análisis cualitativo y descriptivo de las principales características de los proyectos de Innovación y de su carácter de inversión social, aplicando dicho análisis del trabajo Innovador se parte de lo internacional hasta la narrativa nacional actual y su participación en lo público y lo privado.Los resultados en este análisis de artículos muestran que a nivel internacional los gobiernos de países desarrollados hacen cada vez más inversión en los temas de proyectos Innovadores y que las instituciones universitarias lideran estos proyectos, formando cada vez más recurso humano que multiplique esta tendencia y creando instituciones que avalan y hacen seguimiento a los proyectos. A nivel nacional, Colombia como país en vía de desarrollo aún está en la lista de los países con muy poca inversión en proyectos innovadores, toda vez que antes del periodo de pandemia COVID 19 se estaban desarrollando y fortaleciendo las TIC, y estos desarrollos presentaron un freno bastante visible que hoy en día apenas están volviendo a tomar fuerza.El objetivo principal de este artículo radica en resaltar la importancia participativa que tiene la innovación en los proyectos de inversión social, además de conocer a nivel Colombia como se viene manejando la temática innovadora en los proyectos de inversión social en los entornos público y privado.
Análisis de la aplicación metodológica para el desarrollo de proyectos de la agencia de renovación del territorio – ART
Authors: Hernandez Hector Andres , Zarate-Reyes Ruth , Lozano-Londoño José David
Published: April 2023

Las metodologías aplicadas a diferentes  proyectos en el mundo, son analizadas en este artículo cuyo propósito es  la identificación de criterios y aspectos que pueden ser aplicados en una metodología propuesta para la Agencia de Renovación del Territorio-ART,  en Colombia. Lecciones aprendidas tanto de casos exitosos como otros que promueven una revisión más amplia de los enfoques y procesos aplicados a proyectos, permiten en este artículo una propuesta metodológica, frente a la gestión de involucrados, las fases de los proyectos, un marco regulatorio, un enfoque de bienestar y colaborativo, cuya eventual aplicación en la ART, puedan generar resultados de desarrollo local sostenible.
Are GP training opportunities in Northern Ireland widening or closing the gap on health inequalities? An analysis of Northern Ireland deprivation data
Authors: Butler Daniel , O'Donovan Diarmuid , Johnston Jennifer , Hart Nigel D
Published: April 2023

Background

Increasing the GP workforce will not necessarily level up healthcare provision. Instead, increasing GP training numbers could worsen health inequity and inequalities. This is especially true if there are fewer opportunities to learn, train, and build confidence in underserved, socioeconomically deprived areas.

Aim

To investigate the representation of socioeconomic deprivation in postgraduate GP training practices in Northern Ireland (NI).

Design & setting

An analysis of socioeconomic deprivation indices and scores of GP practices in NI involved in postgraudate GP training.

Method

The socioeconomic deprivation indices and scores of GP postgraduate training practices were compared against general practice in NI by examining the representation of practices whose patients live in areas of blanket deprivation, higher deprivation, and higher affluence.

Results

Of 319 practices in NI, 195 (61%) were registered as postgraduate training practices and had a statistically significantly lower deprivation score (3.02±0.21) compared with non-training practices (3.2±0.32),t(255) –2.02,P= 0.041. The proportion of training practices with blanket deprivation and higher levels of deprivation was underrepresented, with the current postgraduate GP training practices having more affluent populations.

Conclusion

Postgraduate training practices had a statistically significant lower deprivation score and did not fully reflect the socioeconomic make-up of wider NI general practice. The results, however, are more favourable than in other areas of the UK and better than undergraduate teaching opportunities in general practice. Health inequalities will worsen if the representation of general practice training in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation is not increased.
Clinical Relevance of Computationally Derived Attributes of Peritubular Capillaries from Kidney Biopsies
Authors: Chen Yijiang , Zee Jarcy , Janowczyk Andrew R. , Rubin Jeremy , Toro Paula , Lafata Kyle J. , Mariani Laura H. , Holzman Lawrence B. , Hodgin Jeffrey B. , Madabhushi Anant , Barisoni Laura
Published: April 2023

Key Points

Computational image analysis allows for the extraction of new information from whole-slide images with potential clinical relevance.

Peritubular capillary (PTC) density is decreased in areas of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy when measured in interstitial fractional space.

PTC shape (aspect ratio) is associated with clinical outcome in glomerular diseases.

Background

The association between peritubular capillary (PTC) density and disease progression has been studied in a variety of kidney diseases using immunohistochemistry. However, other PTC attributes, such as PTC shape, have not been explored yet. The recent development of computer vision techniques provides the opportunity for the quantification of PTC attributes using conventional stains and whole-slide images.

Methods

To explore the relationship between PTC characteristics and clinical outcome, n=280 periodic acid–Schiff-stained kidney biopsies (88 minimal change disease, 109 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 46 membranous nephropathy, and 37 IgA nephropathy) from the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network digital pathology repository were computationally analyzed. A previously validated deep learning model was applied to segment cortical PTCs. Average PTC aspect ratio (PTC major to minor axis ratio), size (PTC pixels per PTC segmentation), and density (PTC pixels per unit cortical area) were computed for each biopsy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations between these PTC parameters and outcome (40% eGFR decline or kidney failure). Cortical PTC characteristics and interstitial fractional space PTC density were compared between areas of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) and areas without IFTA.

Results

When normalized PTC aspect ratio was below 0.6, a 0.1, increase in normalized PTC aspect ratio was significantly associated with disease progression, with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.28 (1.04 to 1.59) (P = 0.019), while PTC density and size were not significantly associated with outcome. Interstitial fractional space PTC density was lower in areas of IFTA compared with non-IFTA areas.

Conclusions

Computational image analysis enables quantification of the status of the kidney microvasculature and the discovery of a previously unrecognized PTC biomarker (aspect ratio) of clinical outcome.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA, STATUS IMUNISASI DAN PERILAKU MEROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN KELUHAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI DESA CIKEUSAL KECAMATAN CIMAHI KABUPATEN KUNINGAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Indrayani Indrayani , Novia Kiki , Ropii Ahmad
Published: April 2023

ISPA merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dan anak-anak merupakan salah satu kelompok orang yang lebih rentan mengalami ISPA. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA terbagi atas dua kelompok besar yaitu faktor intrinsik dan faktor ekstrinsik. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Cimahi pada tahun 2018 kejadian ISPA pada balita tertinggi berada di Desa Cikeusal sebanyak 272 kasus, kemudian pada tahun 2019 kejadian ISPA di desa tersebut meningkat menjadi 619 kasus dan pada tahun 2020 kejadian ISPA nya mengalami penurunan dari tahun sebelumnya, namun Desa Cikeusal masih menjadi Desa dengan kasus ISPA tertinggi pada balita di Kecamatan Cimahi dengan jumlah 231 kasus dari total penduduk usia balita 525 balita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia, status imunisasi dan perilaku merokok dengan kejadian keluhan ISPA pada balita di Desa Cikeusal Kecamatan Cimahi Kabupaten Kuningan Tahun 2022.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh balita yang ada di Desa Cikeusal dengan jumlah 552, dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 227 yang diambil menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar kuesioner. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara ke setiap rumah yang terdapat balita. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Analisis usia dengan kejadian ISPA mendapat nilai p 0,000. Status Imunisasi dengan kejadian ISPA mendapat nilai p 0,423.Perilaku merokok dengan kejadian ISPA mendapat nilai p 0,000.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara usia dan perilaku merokok dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Masyarakat diharapkan lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran akan pentingnya melakukan pencegahan terhadap penyakit infeksi salah satunya ISPA.
Pengaruh Sifat Inovasi Dan Teknologi Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo Terhadap Keberhasilan Usahatani Padi Sawah (Suatu Kasus di Kecamatan Bojongpicung Kabupaten Cianjur)
Authors: Hermawan Wawan , Rosmali Musli , Dasipah Euis
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the nature of innovation on the Jajar Legowo planting system technology, the influence of the Jajar Legowo planting system technology on the success of lowland rice farming, the influence of the nature of innovation and Jajar Legowo technology on the success of lowland rice farming. This study used a survey method with the unit of analysis being farmers implementing Integrated Crop and Resource Management Technology in Bojong Picung District, Cianjur Regency. The sampling technique was carried out by random sampling of 110 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis, the analysis was adjusted according to the results of hypothesis testing. The results showed that the factors of the nature of innovation and the technology of the Legowo rice planting system simultaneously had a significant effect on the success of farming by 92.1%. The remaining 7.9% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
Analisis Faktor Produksi Dalam Pengembangan Budi Daya Lebah Madu Klanceng (Trigona sp) Di Kampung Madu (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Banjaranyar Kabupaten Ciamis Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Setiadi Deffi , Sendjaya Tuhpawana Priatna , Dasipah Euis
Published: April 2023

Trigona sp. Bees, also known as bumble bees, are stingless bees and do not depend on bee pollen for their nutritional needs. The resin contained in the plant is needed for the production of propolis in the hive, so that Trigona sp can be cultivated anywhere with other types of bees. The aim is to find out the production factors that support the reproductive development of the klanceng honey bee (Trigona sp), the factors that influence the production of the klanceng honey bee (Trigona sp), and the factors that affect the income of the klanceng honey bee. (Trigona sp) influenced the research conducted. Factors affecting oyster production (Trigona sp) (land area, number of insects, equipment and labor wages). From the research results it is known that the variables of land area, number of insects, fixed costs and variable costs affect bee production, and from the results of multiple linear regression analysis the following equation is obtained, besides that the number of hives, fixed costs and variable costs that affect beekeeper income is variable, while land area has no effect. The results of the analysis of multiple linear regression tests produce the following equation, With any measure of commercial profitability, beekeeping is very profitable for agriculture.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Dan Lama Perendaman Benih Dengan Menggunakan Larutan Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Terhadap Perkecambahan Dan Pertumbuhan Awal Tanaman Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Varietas Calina (IPB 9)
Authors: Sakoti Aa Sirli , Amalia Lia , Widodo R. Wahyono
Published: April 2023

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari konsentrasi dan lama perendaman benih terbaik dengan menggunakan larutan PGPR terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awal tanaman pepaya. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2020, di Desa Sukajaya Kecamatan Sumedang Selatan Kabupaten Sumedang. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok sederhana, terdiri dari kombinasi konsentrasi larutan PGPR dan lama perendaman benih dengan masing-masing 4 taraf perlakuan dan 1 perlakuan kontrol sehingga terdapat 17 unit perlakuan yaitu, A = (Kontrol), B = 5 g L-1 10 menit, C = 5 g L-1 20 menit, D = 5 g L-1 30 menit, E = 5 g L-1 40 menit, F = 10 g L-1 10 menit, G = 10 g L-1 20 menit, H = 10 g L-1 30 menit, I = 10 g L-1 40 menit, J = 15 gL-1 10 menit, K = 15 g L-1 20 menit, L = 15 g L-1 30 menit, MÂ  = 15 g L1 40 menit, N = 20 g L-1 10 menit, O = 20 g L-1 20 menit, P = 20 g L-1 30 menit, dan Q = 20 g L-1 40 menit. Kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi dan lama waktu perendaman benih menggunakan larutan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) tidak memberikan pengaruh tehadap perkecambahan namun berpengaruh pada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun.Â
Marble sludges as environmentally friendly catalyst in olive pomace pyrolysis: Effect of sludge composition on pyrolysis product distribution and biochars
Authors: Göktepeli Gamze , Yel Esra
Published: April 2023

Waste management of olive pomace is difficult because of the high production amount and nonbiodegradable organic substances. Catalytic pyrolysis process is one of the effective methods for olive pomace (OP) management and for obtaining valuable organic substances from it. Therefore, in this study, different types of marble sludge were used as catalyst in the olive pomace pyrolysis process at 500°C temperature and 40% catalyst dose. While K1, K2, K3 are the sludges obtained from physicochemical treatment of travertine type marble processing wastewater with alum, FeCl3 and PEL, respectively, K4, K5 and K6 are the corresponding physicochemical treatment sludges of natural stone type marble processing wastewater. Pyrolysis product yields and characteristics of pyrolysis biochars were investigated. The highest product yield for biochar liquid and gas fractions was obtained with the K1 catalyst. The biochar obtained for OP+K1 pyrolysis has the highest initial decomposition temperature. Biochar obtained by using K6 was more granular. Biochar having the highest calorific value (1193 cal/g) was obtained with the catalytic pyrolysis of OP with K4 catalyst. Biochars obtained with the K1 and K6 catalysts has similar calorific values. Besides calorific values, the characteristics of biochars indicated that these biochars can be used diverse purposes either as additive or feedstock. Consequently, K1 catalyst can be recommended for olive pomace catalytic pyrolysis when biochars are evaluated in terms of product yield and biochar characteristics.
IX Conferencia Iberoamericana de Educación. Declaración de La Habana
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Las ministras y los ministros de educación de los países iberoamericanos, convocados por el Ministro de Educación de la República de Cuba y la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI), nos hemos reunido en la ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, para la celebración de la IX Conferencia Iberoamericana de Educación, con el propósito de analizar conjuntamente los asuntos relacionados con el tema «Calidad de la educación: equidad, desarrollo e integración ante el reto de la globalización». Los resultados de nuestras deliberaciones se recogen en esta Declaración que habremos de presentar en la próxima Cumbre de los Jefes de Estado y los Presidentes de Gobierno, que se realizará en La Habana, Cuba, el 16 de noviembre de 1999.
Educación pública en Lima Metropolitana en tiempos de pandemia 2020-2022
Authors: Rojas Flores Segundo Santiago
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar los efectos del Covid-19 en la educación pública Lima Metropolitana. En primer lugar, se realiza una descripción general de los efectos de la pandemia en los diversos actores educativos y los diversos retos que ellos han asumido. De las 9 entrevistas realizadas a directores, subdirectores, docentes de la ciudad capital del país, se puede concluir que los problemas de conectividad unidos a la falta de equipos adecuados para las clases virtuales ha aumentado la desigualdad en el acceso a la educación en todos los niveles educativos. Además, hay que subrayar los efectos psicológicos de la pandemia, esencialmente con problemas emocionales en los involucrados.
Implementación de la educación virtual y resistencia al cambio en docentes de una institución de educación superior de Lima metropolitana. Lima. 2022
Authors: Alva Miguel Walter Hugo , Matos Huaman César , Wong Fajardo Emma Margarita , Zúñiga Reynoso Carlos
Published: April 2023

Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuyo propósito esencial fue establecer si la aplicación del sistema de Educación Virtual en las asignaturas de una Institución de Educación Superior de Lima Metropolitana ha generado resistencias a dicho cambio en su plana de docentes. Con este objetivo se llevó a cabo la realización de un estudio de tipo “descriptivo”, con un nivel “descriptivo-comparativo”, diseño "no experimental" con un enfoque “cuantitativo”. Con este fin se aplicó la técnica conocida como “observación por encuesta”, aplicándose un instrumento elaborado para este propósito, el cual fue previamente sometido a los respectivos procesos de validación de su consistencia interna y factorial, mientras que la confiabilidad se constató aplicando la fórmula de Cronbach. Este instrumento, así verificado, se aplicó a una muestra de 52 docentes pertenecientes a una Institución de Educación Superior de Lima Metropolitana. La muestra fue seleccionada utilizando el “muestreo no probabilístico”. Se asumió un diseño estadístico “de comparación de promedios” y se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 25 recurriéndose al estadístico Razón “t” de Student para la comprobación de las hipótesis. La hipótesis general se consideró comprobada indirectamente, ya que las hipótesis específicas son expresión de la hipótesis general. La hipótesis general no pudo ser comprobada estadísticamente porque como se trata de comparar promedios con la Razón “t”, este procedimiento ya se ha efectuado en base a los tres factores, habría sido necesario incorporar una variable no considerada en el planteamiento y por tanto no evaluada en el cuestionario.