bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work-related stress among the university librarians of Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijetunge Pradeepa
Published: February 2013

Sri Lankan university sector is changing rapidly as a result of educational reforms and the government’s emphasis on a knowledge economy. As a consequence, the work environments of the university librarians are also changing. Although this environment can serve as a factor for increased work-related stress of the Librarians there is no evidence of any empirical studies related to stress of Sri Lankan University Librarians. This study was carried out with the objective of understanding the trend of stress among the University Librarians and to fill a void in the literature. This study was limited only to the University Librarians who are the Heads of the Libraries but not the other librarians below the rank of University Librarians. To suit the Sri Lankan needs a 95 item instrument which measured the stress level under employment, professional, administrative and health was designed based upon CAUT Survey (Catano 2011). Total Stress levels vary from Librarian to Librarian but five could be grouped into Medium Stress category with two in the High Stress category. Of the four domain surveyed, Physical Domain proved to be the least stressful domain while the Administrative Domain proved to be the highest stressful. Based on the previous studies researchers have discovered that performance improved with increased stress to an optimal point. Studies have proved resilient people found a stressful event intriguing and challenging. Considering these findings it was recommended that no initiative should be taken to reduce the current stress levels of the Sri Lankan University Librarians so that their stress factors are considered as a challenge and transformed into positive outcomes. Journal of the University Librarians Association, Sri Lanka, Vol. 16, Issue 2, July 2012, Page 125-137 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jula.v16i2.5204
An enhanced text classifier for automatic document classification
Authors: Wijewickrema PKCM , Gamage RCG
Published: February 2013

Automatic classification has become an important research area due to the exponential growth of digital content in the modern world. Evidently, manual classification of documents is very painstaking and laborintensive task. It takes much time to organize a collection of documents according to the subject area. This research has developed a computer programme that can automatically classifying a given text document. Therefore, the user gets correct classification results just after feeding the document to the new system. For the process of classification, we use a new algorithm developed by enhancing basic form of an existing text classifier called tf-idf. The results were obtained for classification accuracy of the new text classification algorithm. They were compared with the results obtained for the basic tf-idf classifier. The research revealed that, the newly developed classifier algorithm can obtain better classification accuracy than the basic tf-idf classifier. Journal of the University Librarians Association, Sri Lanka, Vol. 16, Issue 2, July 2012, Page 138-159 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jula.v16i2.5205
IT students’ perceptions on e-learning: a preliminary survey at University of Colombo
Authors: Priyangika DS , Jayasundara CC
Published: February 2013

There is a trend in universities to utilize e-learning to improve the quality of learning activities of campus based students. The objective of the study was to find out the IT students’ perceptions towards e-learning. The population of the study consisted of five hundred and twenty five students. Stratified random sampling was used to select the sample elements from the study population. A questionnaire was administered to two hundred and twenty six students. A total of hundred and fourty five complete questionnaires were selected for the analysis. More fourth year students are uncertain on the helpfulness of the course management systems in improving exam results. More students who use computer facilities only at the University and students who do not have a computer have negative perception on their ability to learn in an elearning environment, usefulness of online resources for learning and the availability of opportunities to share and discuss subject matters with other students. Journal of the University Librarians Association, Sri Lanka, Vol. 16, Issue 2, July 2012, Page 160-178 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jula.v16i2.5206
First Trimester Diagnosis of VACTERL Association
Authors: Santos Joana , Nogueira Rosete , Pinto Rita , Cerveira Isabel , Pereira Susana
Published: February 2013

VACTERL association (OMIM 192350) is a non-random combination of multiple congenital malformations including vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal and limb anomalies. The wide spectrum of defects suggests the occurrence of defective development during early embryogenesis. The authors report a case of a complex polymalformative association detected by ultrasound in the first trimester of pregnancy. The ensuing fetal study revealed the presence of vertebral, anorectal, renal and limb anomalies and therefore was considered a case of VACTERL association. This complex association generally entails a poor prognosis. Its early detection allows discussion of management options, including medical termination of pregnancy.
Coxiella burnetii DNA, But Not Viable Bacteria, in Dairy Products in France
Authors: Eldin Carole , Angelakis Emmanouil , Renvoisé Aurélie , Raoult Didier
Published: February 2013

Transmission by the oral route of Coxiella burnetii is controversial. Our objective was to evaluate dairy products in the transmission of Q fever. Pasteurized, unpasteurized, and thermized dairy products were tested for C. burnetii by using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction specific for IS1111 and IS30A spacers, culturing in human embryonic lung fibroblasts cells, and inoculation into BALB/c mice. We tested 201 products and C. burnetii was identified in 64%. Cow milk origin products were more frequently positive than goat or ewe products (P = 0.006 and P = 0.0001, respectively), and industrial food was more frequently positive than artisanal food (P < 0.0001). Food made from unpasteurized milk contained higher bacteria concentrations than food made from pasteurized milk (P = 0.02). All cultures were negative and mice did not show signs of illness. Farm animals are highly infected in France but consumption of cheese and yogurt does not seem to pose a public health risk for transmission of Q fever.
Rapid Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter Gene and Multidrug Resistance Gene-1 Haplotypes Associated with Past Chloroquine and Present Artemether-Lumefantrine Use in Inhambane District, Southern Mozambique
Authors: Thomsen Thomas T. , Madsen Laura B. , Hansson Helle H. , Tomás Elsa V. E. , Charlwood Derek , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Alifrangis Michael
Published: February 2013

Chloroquine (CQ) use in Mozambique was stopped in 2002 and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) was implemented in 2008. In light of no use of CQ and extensive use of AL, we determined the frequency of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance/tolerance to CQ and AL in persons living in Linga-Linga, an isolated peninsula and in Furvela village, which is located 8 km inland. The P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene CVMNK wild type increased in frequency from 43.9% in 2009 to 66.4% in 2010 (P ≤ 0.001), and combined P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 N86-184F-D1246 haplotype increased significantly between years (P = 0.039). The combination of P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene CVMNK and P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene NFD increased from 24.3% (2009) to 45.3% in (2010, P = 0.017). The rapid changes observed may largely be caused by decreased use of CQ and large-scale use of AL. In the absence of a clear AL-resistance marker and the (almost) continent-wide use of AL in sub-Saharan Africa, and when considering CQ reintroduction, continued monitoring of these markers is needed.
The detection of nocturnal N2O5 as HNO3 by alkali- and aqueous-denuder techniques
Authors: Phillips G. J. , Makkonen U. , Schuster G. , Sobanski N. , Hakola H. , Crowley J. N.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The almost total anthropogenic control of the nitrogen cycle has led to wide ranging trans-national and national efforts to quantify the effects of reactive nitrogen on the environment. A number of monitoring techniques have been developed for the measurement of nitric acid and subsequent estimation of nitrogen deposition within large networks and for process studies on shorter measurement campaigns. We discuss the likelihood that many of these techniques are sensitive to another important gas-phase component of oxidized nitrogen: dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). We present measurements using a MARGA wet annular denuder device alongside measurements of N2O5 with a discussion of evidence from the laboratory and the field which suggests that alkali- and aqueous-denuder measurements are sensitive to the sum of HNO3 + 2N2O5. Nocturnal data from these denuder devices should be treated with care before using HNO3 concentrations derived from these data. This is a systematic error which is highly dependent on ambient conditions and is likely to cause systematic misinterpretation of datasets in periods where N2O5 is significant proportion of NOy. It is also likely that deposition estimates of HNO3 via data obtained with these methods is compromised to greater and lesser extents depending on the season and environment of the sampling location.
90Sr and 89Sr in seawater off Japan as a consequence of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident
Authors: Casacuberta N. , Masqué P. , Garcia-Orellana J. , Garcia-Tenorio R. , Buesseler K. O.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The impact of the earthquake and tsunami in the east coast of Japan in 11 March 2011 caused a loss of power at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) that resulted in one of the most important releases of artificial radioactivity to the environment. Although several works were devoted to evaluate the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides, the impact of the discharges to the ocean has been less investigated. Here we evaluate the distribution of Fukushima-derived 90Sr and 89Sr throughout waters 30–600 km offshore in June 2011. Concentrations of 90Sr and 89Sr in both surface waters and shallow profiles ranged from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 85 ± 3 Bq m−3 and from 19 ± 6 to 265 ± 74 Bq m−3, respectively. Because of its short half-life, all measured 89Sr was due to the accident, while the 90Sr concentrations can be compared to the background levels in the Pacific Ocean of about 1.2 Bq m−3. Fukushima-derived radiostrontium was mainly detected north of Kuroshio Current, as this was acting as a southern boundary for transport. The highest activities were associated with near-shore eddies, and larger inventories were found in the closest stations to Fukushima NPP. The data evidences a major influence of direct liquid discharges of radiostrontium compared to the atmospheric deposition. Existing 137Cs data reported from the same samples allowed us establishing a 90Sr/137Cs ratio of 0.0256 ± 0.0006 in seawater off Fukushima, being significantly different than that of the global atmospheric fallout (i.e. 0.63) and may be used in future studies to track waters coming from the east coast of Japan. Liquid discharges of 90Sr to the ocean were estimated, resulting in an inventory of 53 ± 1 TBq of 90Sr in the inshore study area in June 2011 and total releases of 90Sr ranging from 90 to 900 TBq, depending upon the reported estimates of 137Cs releases that are considered.
Regionalised spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature models for flood studies in the Basque Country, Spain
Authors: Cowpertwait P. , Ocio D. , Collazos G. , de Cos O. , Stocker C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. A spatiotemporal point process model of rainfall is fitted to data taken from three homogeneous regions in the Basque Country, Spain. The model is the superposition of two spatiotemporal Neyman–Scott processes, in which rain cells are modelled as discs with radii that follow exponential distributions. In addition, the model includes a parameter for the radius of storm discs, so that rain only occurs when both a cell and a storm disc overlap a point. The model is fitted to data for each month, taken from each of the three homogeneous regions, using a modified method of moments procedure that ensures a smooth seasonal variation in the parameter estimates. Daily temperature data from 23 sites are used to fit a stochastic temperature model. A principal component analysis of the maximum daily temperatures across the sites indicates that 92% of the variance is explained by the first component, implying that this component can be used to account for spatial variation. A harmonic equation with autoregressive error terms is fitted to the first principal component. The temperature model is obtained by regressing the maximum daily temperature on the first principal component, an indicator variable for the region, and altitude. This, together with scaling and a regression model of temperature range, enables hourly temperatures to be predicted. Rainfall is included as an explanatory variable but has only a marginal influence when predicting temperatures. A distributed model (TETIS; Francés et al., 2007) is calibrated for a selected catchment. Five hundred years of data are simulated using the rainfall and temperature models and used as input to the calibrated TETIS model to obtain simulated discharges to compare with observed discharges. Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests indicate that there is no significant difference in the distributions of observed and simulated maximum flows at the same sites, thus supporting the use of the spatiotemporal models for the intended application.
Water-use dynamics of a peat swamp forest and a dune forest in Maputaland, South Africa
Authors: Clulow A. D. , Everson C. S. , Price J. S. , Jewitt G. P. W. , Scott-Shaw B. C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Peat swamp forests are the second rarest forest type found in South Africa while dune forests have been under severe threat through mining and agriculture. Both forest types exist in the conservation area, and World Heritage site, known as the iSimangaliso Wetland Park on the East coast of South Africa. The area is prone to severe droughts (Taylor et al., 2006) and recent attempts to understand the local water-balance revealed that there was insufficient information on the water-use of the indigenous forests of the area. The Peat Swamp Forest and Dune Forest sites studied in this research were located within close proximity to each other, yet, are characterised by different landscape positions in terms of water availability. The coastal dune forest soil profile was generally dry and sandy and the trees' roots did not have access to the water table. In contrast the peat swamp forest is located in an interdunal wetland where the trees have permanent access to water. The climate at both sites is subtropical with a mean annual precipitation of 1200 mm yr−1. However, over 20 months of measurement, the first summer (October 2009 to March 2010) was drier (424 verses 735 mm) than the second summer (October 2010 to March 2011) emphasising the variability of the rainfall in the area and providing a wide range of conditions measured. The sapflow of an evergreen, overstory Syzygium cordatum and a semi-deciduous, understory Shirakiopsis elliptica were measured in the peat swamp forest using the heat ratio method. The Syzygium cordatum water-use was not highly seasonal and the daily maximum water-use ranged from approximately 30 L d−1 in winter to 45 L d−1 in summer whereas the Shirakiopsis elliptica water-use was more seasonal at 2 L d−1 in winter and 12 L d−1 in summer. The water-use of the Syzygium cordatum was not influenced by seasonal rainfall variations and was actually higher in the drier summer (October 2009 to March 2010). Three trees of different heights were monitored in the same way in the dune forest and the water-use found to be highly seasonal. Over the entire measurement period, the water-use was highest for an emergent Mimusops caffra (5 to 45 L d−1), whereas the water-use of the Eugenia natalitia (2 to 28 L d−1) and Drypetes natalensis (1 to 4 L d−1) was lower. At the dune forest, the water-use was highest in the wetter summer due to the reliance of the trees on rainfall to recharge the soil water. A split-line regression showed that on average, soil water limited tree water-use 64% of the time over the measurement period at the dune forest. For modeling tree water-use at the dune forest, it was concluded that a two-stage model, taking soil water content into account (from multiple sampling points), would be necessary.
Factors Influencing Surgical Delay after Hip Fracture in Hospitals of Emilia Romagna Region, Italy: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Bartoli Simona , Trombetti Susanna , Montella Maria Teresa , Toni Aldo , De Palma Rossana
Published: February 2013

Hip fracture is becoming a major public health concern, with associated mortality and morbidity particularly in the elderly. This study aims to investigate factors (i.e. patient factors and hospital variables) associated with increased risk for delaying surgery after hip fractures, and to assess whether and to what extent timing was associated with mortality risk.

All patients aged 65 and over, resident in Emilia Romagna Region (Italy) and admitted to hospital for hip fracture (2009 - 2010) were selected. Data on surgical delay were adjusted using multilevel logistic regression model. A Cox proportional hazard model was fitted to a propensity score matched sample to assess mortality between delayed and early treated patients.

Of the 10, 995 patients included (mean age: 83.3 years), 44.9% underwent surgery within 2 days. Significant risk factors for delayed surgery were: gender (OR: 1.16), comorbidity (OR: 1.29), anticoagulant (OR: 7.64), antiplatelet medication (OR: 2.43), type of procedure (OR: 1.37) and day of admission (OR: Thu-Fri: 6.05; Sat-Sun: 1.17). Type of hospital and annual volume of hip fracture surgeries were not sufficient to explain hospital variability. A significant difference in mortality rate between early and delayed surgery emerged six months post surgery.
The Collum Femoris Preserving Stem: Early Results
Authors: Ghera Stefano , Bisicchia Salvatore
Published: February 2013

Femoral neck preserving stems have been developed to take advantage of the biomechanical properties of the femoral neck, and to optimise femoral anchorage and load distribution. The aim of this study was to report the clinical and radiological results in a group of 126 patients (150 hips), operated on for a total hip arthroplasty with the CFP stem. Clinical evaluation considered Harris Hip Score (HHS), thigh pain, Charnley classification, peri- and post-operative complications. Radiographic variables were stem sizing and alignment, femoral and acetabular osteolysis, the quality of cementation and restoration of the offset. The HHS at mean follow-up of 66 months was 83 points. We did not observe femoral or acetabular osteolysis, secondary malalignment or radiographic reactions, but only bone remodelling under the collar. The CFP stem must be used appropriately based on pre-operative planning (correct morphology and torsion of the femur). The surgical technique is straightforward if carried out step by step. We did not see any cases of significant limb length discrepancy.
Urinary Retention Due to Benign Tumor of the Bladder Neck in a Woman; A Rare Case of Papillary Cystitis
Authors: Stamatiou Kostantinos
Published: February 2013

Background

Urinary retention (UR) is not common in women. There are numerous causes now recognized in women, broadly categorized as infective, pharmacological, neurological, anatomical, myopathic and functional. As opposed to the male, obstructive UR is unusual in women.

Methods

A 56-year-old woman presented with urinary retention. She reported difficulty in urination for more than 15 days. She had no history of urinary tract infection, bladder surgery and catheterization. Her physical examination revealed a soft tissue mass obstructing the external orifice of the urethra. After its partial removal the patient regained her ability to urinate.

Results

The patient underwent urological investigation. Ultrasound examination of the urinary system was normal. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary lesion with broad base floating along the bladder neck. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor.

Discussion

Pathological examination diagnosed papillary cystitis. She was scheduled for a regular follow-up with urine cytology, ultrasound and cystoscopy. One year after diagnosis the patient remains free of symptoms and no recurrence was observed.

Conclusions

Papillary and polypoid cystitis are benign lesions, however under certain circumstances they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Lack of the prominent inflammation and edema that characterizes both papillary and polypoid cystitis, and absence of a history of recent bladder catheterization and presence of vesical fistula may facilitate the decision to biopsy the lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first case of papillary cystitis presenting with urinary retention in a woman to be reported in the literature.
The Politics of Enlightenment
Authors: Ferrone Vincenzo
Published: February 2013

Written by one of Italys leading historians, this book analyses the context and legacy of Gaetano Filangieris seven-volume Science of Legislation. This study engages with the unique history of Enlightenment Naples, the intellectual traditions upon which Filangieri drew, and the powerful repercussions of the American Revolution in eighteenth-century Italy to re-draw the map of Enlightenment republicanism and the early history of human rights and their political economy.
Ascetics and Brahmins
Authors: Olivelle Patrick
Published: February 2013

This volume brings together papers on Indian ascetical institutions and ideologies published by Patrick Olivelle over a span of about thirty years.
Effect of Rare Earth Oxide Content on Nanograined Base Metal Electrode Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor Powder Prepared by Aqueous Chemical Coating Method
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Wang Xiaohui , Kim Jinyong , Li Longtu
Published: February 2013

The aqueous chemical coating route is highly effective in preparing BaTiO3 nanoparticles uniformly coated with additives. Such nanoparticles can be used to produce nano-grained temperature stable BaTiO3 ceramics with core–shell structure, fulfilling the need of next-generation ultrathin layer base metal electrode (BME) multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). Rare earth oxides are an important class of additives owing to their ability to fulfill both donor and acceptor roles. In this paper, the effects of Y2O3 and Ho2O3 co-dopant content on dielectric and microstructural properties were investigated. By applying chemical coating, BaTiO3-based high performance temperature stabilized ceramics with the average grain size of about 130 nm, which met the requirement of next generation BME MLCCs, were obtained.
Formation of Ultra Shallow p+/n Junction in Silicon Using a Combination of Low-Temperature Solid Phase Epitaxy and Non-Melt Double-Pulsed Green Laser Annealing
Authors: Aid Siti Rahmah , Hara Shuhei , Shigenaga Yusuke , Fukaya Takumi , Tanaka Yuki , Matsumoto Satoru , Fuse Genshu , Sakuragi Susumu
Published: February 2013

MOSFETs scaling-down is an effective way to attain high-performance CMOS operating with lower power and leakage current. However, short channel effects have become a serious problem due to the shortening of channel length. One of the promising methods to suppress this problem is by forming a shallow, highly doped and activated source/drain extension region. Fabricating ultra shallow p+/n junction is difficult due to the channeling of boron ions and anomalous boron diffusion during fabrication processes. A combination of Ge pre-amorphization implantation, low-energy boron implantation and two-step annealing, involving low-temperature solid phase epitaxy preannealing followed by non-melt laser annealing was used for forming ultra shallow p+/n junction in silicon. The physical relationship among the regrowth of implanted layer, boron activation and diffusion, and leakage current is investigated. We have succeeded in forming ultra shallow p+/n junction with junction depth of 8 nm and sheet resistance of 920 Ω/□.
Evidence of An Archaic Dam In A Carolina Bay: The Sewee Shell Ring, South Carolina
Authors: Middaugh Douglas P.
Published: February 2013

The Sewee shell ring is part of a complex water gathering system built in a Carolina bay designated as Oak Bay. The seaward boundary of the shell ring, the sand rim of Oak Bay, and a surface exposed aquiclude/aquitard stratum are concordant. A Slough, adjacent to the Sewee shell ring structure, is characterized by a perennial freshwater stream flowing into it. A Slough shell structure is located near the seaward end of the Slough. This shell structure is perpendicular to the long axis of the Slough. It was built on the aquiclude/aquitard stratum of Oak Bay. Measurement of unconfined sub-surface water heights, seaward of the Slough shell structure, indicated no trends in retention of freshwater at low or high tide during sequential drought and rainy periods, Water heights, in contrast, landward of the Slough shell structure at low and high tide were higher during the rainy, compared to the drought period. Salinities of unconfined sub-surface water samples also indicated retention of freshwater landward of the Slough shell structure, but not seaward of it. These findings indicate that the Slough shell structure could have been part of an archaic dam, designed and located to retain surface and sub-surface freshwater in the Slough. This freshwater then flowed across a series of weirs and into an Arena-tank.
Nordic contemporary art education and the environment: Constructing an epistemological platform for Art Education for Sustainable Development (AESD)
Authors: Illeris Helene
Published: February 2013

How can art educators address questions of environmental sustainability, accepting to be ethically normative but avoiding becoming dogmatic? How can the complex ‘pool’ of knowledge generated in and through art education research become useful in working with these questions, which many of us find overwhelmingly difficult? AESD – Art Education for Sustainable Development – is a concept coined for this article with the intention of bringing environmental problems onto the agenda. In an attempt to provoke the necessary discussion about environmental sustainability in art education, the article examines selected texts from recent Nordic research in order to build an ‘epistemological platform’ that might function as a research-based ‘tool’ for discussing environmental issues. The article is organized in four sections, which refer to the four ’cornerstones’ of the platform, where each cornerstone corresponds to a recent current in art education. These currents, as defined by the author, are: critical art education, poststructuralist strategies, visual culture pedagogy, and community oriented visual practices. Using selected Nordic texts as material for the analysis, the epistemological perspective of each current is briefly presented and its relationship to evironmental questions is discussed. In the final discussion, eight keywords are presented: praxis, change, performance, reflexivity, visuality, event, situatedness and collaboration. When put together, these concepts offer a dynamic picture of the ‘pool’ of ideas offered by contemporary Nordic and international research, which will be useful for  ‘performing’ AESD both as teaching practices and as research.
Similarities in Contexts and Theorizing: Professionalism and Inequality
Authors: Evetts Julia
Published: February 2013

For a long time sociologists of professions have differentiated Anglo-American and European contexts for professional work. The presentation will address this distinction and argue that processes of convergence now render such differences somewhat obsolete except in historical accounts. In addition the convergence of professional systems and of regulatory states is also generating new inequalities both between professional groups themselves as well as within the organizations in which practitioners work. The presentation will examine convergences and inequalities at the macro level. Aspects to be considered include the changing role of the nation-state, the internationization of markets, the increased significance of the work organization and the different logics of professionalism. The extent of convergence and continuing divergences will be explored and social inequalities indicated. Macro-level processes and procedures including the growth of ‘hybrid’ organizations and new forms of managerialism can constitute new types of inequality and forms of stratification both within and between professions. The historical starting points within Europe and nation-state differences in professional systems make convergences and inequalities both highly complex and extremely variable.
Risk Reduction Technologies in General Practice and Social Work
Authors: Rexvid Devin , Blom Björn , Evertsson Lars , Forssén Annika
Published: February 2013

General practitioners (GPs) and social workers (SWs) are professions whose professional autonomy and discretion have changed in the so-called risk and audit society. The aim of this article is to compare GPs’ and SWs’ responses to Evidence-Based and Organizational Risk Reduction Technologies (ERRT and ORRT). It is based on a content analysis of 54 peer-reviewed empirical articles. The results show that both professions held ambivalent positions towards ERRT. The response towards ORRT differed in that GPs were sceptical whilst SWs took a more pragmatic view. Furthermore the results suggest that SWs might experience professional benefits by adopting an adherent approach to the increased dissemination of risk reduction technologies (RRT). GPs, however, did not seem to experience such benefits.
Keywords: Profession, risk, social worker, general practitioner, risk reduction technologies, evidence-based practice/medicine
Validation of the Dutch Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (RPQ): Differential Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Aggression From Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Cima Maaike , Raine Adrian , Meesters Cor , Popma Arne
Published: February 2013

This study reports reliability and validity of the Dutch Reactive‐Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ). In total, 845 participants completed the RPQ along with other measures of aggression. Groups consisted of non‐offender participants, criminal offenders, youngsters (age 6–18), and adults (age above 18). Test–retest stability in a subsample of 324 childhood arrestees was good (all ICC's > 0.41). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the same two‐factor structure as in the original RPQ. Convergent validity was adequate (all r's > 0.16). Moreover, results demonstrated that the proactive and reactive subscales were differentially related to measurements of callousness and impulsiveness, respectively. Criterion validity was shown in that non‐offender subjects demonstrated significantly lower RPQ scores than offender samples. Finally, construct validity was demonstrated in that violent offenders showed higher aggression scores than non‐violent offenders. Proactive aggression showed different developmental trajectories within non‐offender versus criminal samples, indicating that this form of aggression may be more pathological. Aggr. Behav. 39:99–113, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Roles of Antisocial History and Emerging Adulthood Developmental Adaptation in Predicting Adult Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Alink Lenneke R. A. , Egeland Byron
Published: February 2013

Different trajectories of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence have been identified by several researchers. However, more needs to be known about the development of antisocial behavior in adulthood and about factors that account for continuity and change. In this study, we investigated the developmental course into adulthood of different trajectories of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence. Second, we examined the role of developmental adaptation in emerging adulthood in accounting for the continuity and change of antisocial behavior. The participants (N = 162) were drawn from an ongoing 28‐year longitudinal study. Trajectory groups (EOP: Early Onset/Persistent, n = 30; AO: Adolescent Onset, n = 32; Other, n = 100) were based on measures of externalizing behavior assessed at six time points in childhood and adolescence. Through interviews and questionnaires in adulthood, the quality of romantic relationships and the participants' work ethic (age 23), duration of unemployment (between ages 23 and 26 years), the level of externalizing problems (ages 23 and 26), and the number of antisocial personality disorder symptoms (age 28) were assessed. Results indicated that individuals in the EOP group showed the highest levels of antisocial behavior throughout emerging and early adulthood. Negative experiences in the work and romantic relationship domains was related to the continuity of antisocial behavior in the EOP group. For the AO group, a shorter duration of unemployment was related to lower levels of antisocial behavior. This study shows that early history plays an important role in the development of antisocial behavior and in the way developmental adaptation in emerging adulthood accounts for continuity and change of antisocial behavior. Aggr. Behav. 39:131–140, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is Relational Aggression Part of the Externalizing Spectrum? A Bifactor Model of Youth Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L. , Daoud Stephanie L. S. B. , De Bolle Marleen , Burt Sybil Alexandra
Published: February 2013

The primary purpose of the present study was to examine support for the inclusion of relational aggression (RAgg) alongside physical aggression (Agg) and rule‐breaking behaviors (RB) as a subfactor of antisocial behavior (ASB). Caregiver reports were collected for 1,087 youth (48.9% male) ages 6–18. Results indicated that all three subfactors of ASB demonstrated substantial loadings on a general ASB factor. Using a bifactor model approach, specific factors representing each ASB subfactor were simultaneously modeled, allowing for examination of common and specific correlates. At the scale level, results demonstrated consistently strong connections with high Neuroticism and low Agreeableness across all 3 ASB subfactors, a pattern which was replicated for the general ASB factor in the bifactor approach. Specific factors in the bifactor model demonstrated connections with personality and psychopathology correlates, primarily for Agg. These findings provide some support for an overall grouping of RAgg with other ASB subfactors in youth, and further distinguish Agg as potentially representing a more potent variant of youth ASB relative to both RB and RAgg. Aggr. Behav. 39:149–159, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What controls dynamics of droplet shape evolution upon impingement on a solid surface?
Authors: Zhou Wenchao , Loney Drew , Degertekin F. Levent , Rosen David W. , Fedorov Andrei G.
Published: February 2013

A shape coefficient is introduced to quantify droplet shape by measuring its similarity to a desired shape to enable the study of droplet shape evolution upon impingement on a solid surface. Parametric simulations are performed with an experimentally validated numerical model to determine the impact conditions to maximize the shape coefficient. Results show that the Weber number is the controlling factor that determines the maximum achievable shape coefficient and the time instant when it is achieved for small Ohnesorge numbers, whereas the Reynolds number becomes the key parameter defining the optimal shape when the Ohnesorge number is large. A regime map is also developed to define the regions where a desired droplet shape can be achieved without splash. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3071–3082, 2013
Multiway independent component analysis mixture model and mutual information based fault detection and diagnosis approach of multiphase batch processes
Authors: Yu Jie , Chen Jingyan , Rashid Mudassir M.
Published: February 2013

Batch process monitoring is a challenging task, because conventional methods are not well suited to handle the inherent multiphase operation. In this study, a novel multiway independent component analysis (MICA) mixture model and mutual information based fault detection and diagnosis approach is proposed. The multiple operating phases in batch processes are characterized by non‐Gaussian independent component mixture models. Then, the posterior probability of the monitored sample is maximized to identify the operating phase that the sample belongs to, and, thus, the localized MICA model is developed for process fault detection. Moreover, the detected faulty samples are projected onto the residual subspace, and the mutual information based non‐Gaussian contribution index is established to evaluate the statistical dependency between the projection and the measurement along each process variable. Such contribution index is used to diagnose the major faulty variables responsible for process abnormalities. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using the fed‐batch penicillin fermentation process, and the results are compared to those of the multiway principal component analysis mixture model and regular MICA method. The case study demonstrates that the proposed approach is able to detect the abnormal events over different phases as well as diagnose the faulty variables with high accuracy. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 59: 2761–2779, 2013
Graduate employability and educational context: a comparison between Great Britain and the Netherlands
Authors: Tholen Gerbrand
Published: February 2013

Within policy circles, graduate employability remains a problem. It is often understood as an individual phenomenon, overlooking the influence of the organisation of higher education on the competition for graduate jobs. This article explores and compares how graduate employability is socially constructed within Great Britain and the Netherlands. It provides an analysis of both Dutch and British systems of higher education and explains how they shape the positional competition for graduate jobs. In addition it shows how perceptions of employability of final year university students relate to these two educational systems. The article is based on an empirical study on graduate employability in both countries using both micro analysis as well as contextual analysis. The article shows a fit between educational structure and employability strategies. The educational context shapes graduates' understandings and expectations of the competition for graduate jobs.
Addressable self‐immobilization of lactate dehydrogenase across multiple length scales
Authors: Cetinel Sibel , Caliskan H. Burak , Yucesoy Deniz T. , Donatan A. Senem , Yuca Esra , Urgen Mustafa , Karaguler Nevin G. , Tamerler Candan
Published: February 2013

Successful nanobiotechnology implementation largely depends on control over the interfaces between inorganic materials and biological molecules. Controlling the orientations of biomolecules and their spatial arrangements on the surface may transform many technologies including sensors, to energy. Here, we demonstrate the self‐organization of L‐lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which exhibits enhanced enzymatic activity and stability on a variety of gold surfaces ranging from nanoparticles to electrodes, by incorporating a gold‐binding peptide tag (AuBP2) as the fusion partner for Bacillus stearothermophilus LDH (bsLDH). Binding kinetics and enzymatic assays verified orientation control of the enzyme on the gold surface through the genetically incorporated peptide tag. Finally, redox catalysis efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was detected using cyclic voltammetry analysis in enzyme‐based biosensors for lactate detection as well as in biofuel cell energy systems as the anodic counterpart. Our results demonstrate that the LDH enzyme can be self‐immobilized onto different gold substrates using the short peptide tag under a biologically friendly environment. Depending on the desired inorganic surface, the proposed peptide‐mediated path could be extended to any surface to achieve single‐step oriented enzyme immobilization for a wide range of applications.
Learner differences and learning outcomes in an introductory biochemistry class: Attitude toward images, visual cognitive skills, and learning approach
Authors: Milner Rachel E.
Published: February 2013

The practice of using images in teaching is widespread, and in science education images are used so extensively that some have argued they are now the “main vehicle of communication” (C. Ferreira, A. Arroio Problems Educ. 21st Century 2009, 16, 48–53). Although this phenomenon is especially notable in the field of biochemistry, we know little about the role and importance of images in communicating concepts to students in the classroom. This study reports the development of a scale to assess students' attitude toward biochemical images, particularly their willingness and ability to use the images to support their learning. In addition, because it is argued that images are central in the communication of biochemical concepts, we investigated three “learner differences” which might impact learning outcomes in this kind of classroom environment: attitude toward images, visual cognitive skills, and learning approach. Overall, the students reported a positive attitude toward the images, the majority agreeing that they liked images and considered them useful. However, the participants also reported that verbal explanations were more important than images in helping them to understand the concepts. In keeping with this we found that there was no relationship between learning outcomes and the students' self‐reported attitude toward images or visual cognitive skills. In contrast, learning outcomes were significantly correlated with the students' self‐reported approach to learning. These findings suggest that images are not necessarily the main vehicle of communication in a biochemistry classroom and that verbal explanations and encouragement of a deep learning approach are important considerations in improving our pedagogical approach. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(4):285–298, 2014.
SPECT imaging of fibrin using fibrin‐binding peptides
Authors: Starmans Lucas W. E. , van Duijnhoven Sander M. J. , Rossin Raffaella , Aime Silvio , Daemen Mat J. A. P. , Nicolay Klaas , Grüll Holger
Published: February 2013

Noninvasive detection of fibrin in vivo using diagnostic imaging modalities may improve clinical decision‐making on possible therapeutic options in atherosclerosis, cancer and thrombus‐related pathologies such as pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a novel 111In‐labeled fibrin‐binding peptide (FibPep) to visualize thrombi in mice noninvasively using single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). FibPep and a negative control peptide (NCFibPep) were synthesized and their fibrin‐binding properties were assessed in vitro. FibPep showed enhanced binding compared with NCFibPep to both fibrin and blood clots. FibPep bound to fibrin with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.8 μ m, whereas NCFibPep displayed at least a 100‐fold lower affinity towards fibrin. A FeCl3‐injury carotid artery thrombosis mouse model was used to evaluate the peptides in vivo. FibPep and NCFibPep displayed rapid blood clearance and were eliminated via the renal pathway. In vivo SPECT imaging using FibPep allowed clear visualization of thrombi. Ex vivo biodistribution showed significantly increased uptake of FibPep in the thrombus‐containing carotid in comparison to the noninjured carotid (5.7 ± 0.7 and 0.6 ± 0.4% injected dose per gram (%ID g−1), respectively; p < 0.01; n = 4), whereas nonspecific NCFibPep did not (0.4 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.0%ID g−1, respectively; n = 4). In conclusion, FibPep displayed high affinity towards fibrin in vitro and rapid blood clearance in vivo, and allowed sensitive detection of thrombi using SPECT imaging. Therefore, this particular imaging approach may provide a new tool to diagnose and monitor diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photophysical studies on a ruthenium(II) carbonyl hydrido compound based on 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid (H2bpdc)
Authors: Xiang Jing , Li Zai‐Gao , Zou Hua
Published: February 2013

A novel complex, namely [RuII(PPh3)(CO)(H)(Hbpdc)]·2MeOH (1) (H2bpdc = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized from the reaction of H2bpdc with [RuII(PPh3)3(CO)(H)2] in methanol under mild condition and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, ESI mass spectrometry, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure shows that the complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell parameters a = 11.8984(13) Å, b = 16.5180(18) Å, c = 25.5322(19) Å, β = 115.302(4)°, V = 4536.6(8) Å3, Z = 4. This compound features a 1‐D supramolecular chain constructed via hydrogen bonds. Its photophysical properties have been investigated in MeOH solution and in the solid state at room temperature.
Sculpting MHC class II–restricted self and non‐self peptidome by the class I Ag‐processing machinery and its impact on Th‐cell responses
Authors: Spencer Charles T. , Dragovic Srdjan M. , Conant Stephanie B. , Gray Jennifer J. , Zheng Mu , Samir Parimal , Niu Xinnan , Moutaftsi Magdalini , Van Kaer Luc , Sette Alessandro , Link Andrew J. , Joyce Sebastian
Published: February 2013

It is generally assumed that the MHC class I antigen (Ag)‐processing (CAP) machinery — which supplies peptides for presentation by class I molecules — plays no role in class II–restricted presentation of cytoplasmic Ags. In striking contrast to this assumption, we previously reported that proteasome inhibition, TAP deficiency or ERAAP deficiency led to dramatically altered T helper (Th)‐cell responses to allograft (HY) and microbial (Listeria monocytogenes) Ags. Herein, we tested whether altered Ag processing and presentation, altered CD4+ T‐cell repertoire, or both underlay the above finding. We found that TAP deficiency and ERAAP deficiency dramatically altered the quality of class II‐associated self peptides suggesting that the CAP machinery impacts class II–restricted Ag processing and presentation. Consistent with altered self peptidomes, the CD4+ T‐cell receptor repertoire of mice deficient in the CAP machinery substantially differed from that of WT animals resulting in altered CD4+ T‐cell Ag recognition patterns. These data suggest that TAP and ERAAP sculpt the class II–restricted peptidome, impacting the CD4+ T‐cell repertoire, and ultimately altering Th‐cell responses. Together with our previous findings, these data suggest multiple CAP machinery components sequester or degrade MHC class II–restricted epitopes that would otherwise be capable of eliciting functional Th‐cell responses.