bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nicht-neoplastische Erkrankungen des Lymphknotens: vom histologischen Muster zur Diagnose
Authors: Vallejo Alfonso , Menter Thomas , Tzankov Alexandar , Dirnhofer Stefan
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Eine entscheidende Rolle der histopathologischen Untersuchung vergrösserter Lymphknoten ist die Abgrenzung maligner und benigner Prozesse. Die zentrale Bedeutung dieses Punktes zeigt sich darin, dass mit Lymphomen verwechselte reaktive Lymphadenopathien zu den am häufigsten fehldiagnostizierten Krebsarten gehören. Auf der anderen Seite dient die Erkennung mehr oder weniger spezifischer histopathologischer Muster reaktiv vergrösserter Lymphknoten der Einschränkung potentieller Ursachen, auch derjenigen, die sonst nur durch ressourcenintensive Sondertechniken spezifisch identifiziert werden können – je enger die bei der histopathologischen Untersuchung erstellte Differentialdiagnose ist, desto zielgerichteter und effizienter ist die Anwendung dieser Techniken. Diese Übersicht bietet eine Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen histopathologischen Merkmale einiger der häufigsten bzw. am besten charakterisierten reaktiven Lymphadenopathien.
Response of Extreme Rainfall for Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Undergoing Extratropical Transition to Projected Climate Change: Hurricane Irene (2011)
Authors: Liu M. , Yang L. , Smith J. A. , Vecchi G. A.
Published: January 2020

Extreme rainfall and flooding associated with landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) have large societal impacts, both in fatalities and economic losses. This study examines the response of TC rainfall to climate change projected under future anthropogenic greenhouse emissions, focusing on Hurricane Irene, which produced severe flooding across the Northeastern United States in August 2011. Numerical simulations are made with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, placing Irene in the present‐day climate and one projected for the end of 21st century climate represented by Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Projected future changes to surface and atmospheric temperature lead to a storm rainfall increase of 32% relative to the control run, exceeding the rate expected by the Clausius‐Clapeyron relation given a ~3‐K lower atmospheric warming. Analyses of the atmospheric water balance highlight contributions to the increase in rainfall rate from both increased circulation strength and atmospheric moisture. Storm rainfall rate shows contrasting response to global warming during TC and extratropical transition periods. During the TC phase, Irene shows a significant increase of storm rainfall rate in inner core regions. This increase shifts to outer rainbands as Irene undergoes extratropical transition, collocated with the maximum tangential wind increase and the change of secondary circulation strength. Changes of storm track from the control run to global warming projections play a role in the change of spatial rainfall pattern. Distinct roles of surface and atmospheric warming in storm rainfall and structure changes are also examined.
Ferropericlase Control of Lower Mantle Rheology: Impact of Phase Morphology
Authors: Thielmann M. , Golabek G. J. , Marquardt H.
Published: January 2020

The rheological properties of Earth's lower mantle play a key role for global mantle dynamics. The mineralogy of the lower mantle can be approximated as a bridgmanite‐ferropericlase mixture. Previous work has suggested that the deformation of this mixture might be dramatically affected by the large differences in viscosity between bridgmanite and ferropericlase. Here, we employ numerical models to establish a connection between ferropericlase morphology and the effective rheology of the Earth's lower mantle using a numerical‐statistical approach. Using this approach, we link the statistical properties of the two‐phase composite to its effective viscosity tensor using analytical approximations. We find that ferropericlase develops elongated structures within the bridgmanite matrix that result in significantly lowered viscosity. While our findings confirm previous endmember models that suggested a change of mantle viscosity due to the formation of interconnected weak layers, we show that significant rheological weakening can thus be already achieved even when ferropericlase does not form an interconnected network. Additionally, the alignment of weak ferropericlase leads to a pronounced viscous anisotropy that develops with total strain, which may have implications for understanding the viscosity structure of Earth's lower mantle as well as for modeling the behavior of subducting slabs. We show that to capture the effect of ferropericlase elongation on the effective viscosity tensor (and its anisotropy) in large‐scale mantle convection models, the analytical approximations that have been derived to describe the evolution of the effective viscosity of a two‐phase medium with aligned elliptical inclusions can be used.
Cementation Failure Behavior of Consolidated Gas Hydrate‐Bearing Sand
Authors: Wu Peng , Li Yanghui , Liu Weiguo , Sun Xiang , Kong Xianjing , Song Yongchen
Published: January 2020

The macromechanical properties (strength, stiffness, stress‐strain relationship, etc) of the hydrate‐bearing sediment are often correlated with the hydrate cementation failure behavior. In this study, a consolidated drained triaxial shear test with X‐ray computed tomography was conducted on a hydrate‐bearing sediment with a hydrate saturation of 32.1% under 3 MPa effective confining pressure for revealing the cementation failure behavior. The hydrate occurrences were clearly identified to be cementing, grain‐coating, prepatchy cluster and patchy cluster. The cementation failure behavior (morphology), deformation evolution (quantitative statistics), and localized shear deformation at different regions of stress‐strain curve were observed and analyzed using computed tomography. In the linearity region, the hydrate‐cemented clusters moved as a whole, while small hydrate particles would aggregate to the periphery of the clusters. The noncemented sand particles move disorderly during this process. Localized deformation occurred perfectly exhibit an antisymmetric bifurcation pattern. In the plasticity region, the specimen starts to deform plastically; an internal shear band occurs in the specimen. The hydrates begin to shed from the periphery of the cemented structure, and the grinding effect of hydrates begins to occur between sand particles. However, the shedded hydrates will not enter and fill the neighboring pores but hind the movement of sand particles structurally near the original position. In the yielding region, the hydrate‐cemented cluster structure is completely damaged and crushed into small pieces; a shear band with a determined thickness and inclination angle was observed.
Iron Isotope Behavior During Melt‐Peridotite Interaction in Supra‐subduction Zone Ophiolite From Northern Tibet
Authors: Zhang Long , Sun Wei‐dong , Zhang Zhao‐Feng , An Yajun , Liu Fang
Published: January 2020

Melt‐peridotite interaction has the ability to modify the δ56Fe of peridotite. However, iron isotopic fractionation during melt‐peridotite interaction is not well understood at present. In this study, we present high‐precision iron isotopic data for serpentinized and carbonated peridotite from the Yushigou supra‐subduction zone ophiolite in the North Qilian orogen of northern Tibet, to provide insights into iron isotope behavior during melt‐peridotite interaction in the mantle wedge. High‐Cr and high‐Al dunites coexist with harzburgite in the Yushigou ophiolite. The high‐Cr and high‐Al dunites were produced by interaction of peridotite with boninitic melt and tholeiitic melt, respectively. Serpentinization and carbonation have negligible influence on δ56Fe of the peridotite. The harzburgite mostly has δ56Fe ranging from −0.055 ± 0.029‰ to 0.056 ± 0.030‰, which overlaps with δ56Fe of abyssal peridotite. The high‐Al dunite is enriched in FeO, but it has δ56Fe (0.004 ± 0.034‰–0.083 ± 0.064‰) similar to the harzburgite. In contrast, the high‐Cr dunite displays a large range in δ56Fe from −0.173 ± 0.017‰ to 0.173 ± 0.057‰. Moreover, δ56Fe of the high‐Cr dunite is negatively correlated with its FeO content, which is ascribed to kinetic iron isotopic fractionation during melt‐peridotite interaction. Surprisingly, distinct iron isotope behavior during melt‐peridotite interaction recorded by the Yushigou peridotite can well explain the large variation of FeO and δ56Fe in abyssal peridotite and mantle wedge peridotite on a global scale.
Late Quaternary East Asian Summer Monsoon Variability Deduced From Lacustrine Mineral Magnetic Records of Dahu Swamp, Southern China
Authors: Wei Zhiqiang , Zhong Wei , Xue Jibin , Ouyang Jun , Shang Shengtan , Ye Susu , Cao Jiayuan , Li Mingkun
Published: January 2020

The lack of long‐term and well‐preserved terrestrial archives from southern China largely impedes our understanding of past variability in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). In this study, we developed rainfall/precipitation‐related records by conducting a systematic mineral‐magnetic investigation on Dahu Swamp sediments over the past ~47.0 ka. The integrated magnetic results show that the magnetic minerals in the sediments were mainly catchment derived, likely reflecting hydroclimatic changes associated with EASM strength. In combination with other climatic proxies, our magnetic records reveal a relatively wet climate during the middle‐late Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and the Holocene and a relatively dry climate during the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2, which broadly follow the precession‐induced summer insolation changes in the middle‐low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The regional heterogeneity of the EASM rainfall evolution might be ascribed to the changes in timing and duration of Mei‐yu Front in China, which were closely associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation activities through its effects on the Western Pacific Subtropical High position. Long‐term climatic patterns inferred from Dahu Swamp were broadly similar to those of the Western Pacific Warm Pool region, especially during the mid‐Holocene rainfall optimum period, further supporting that the thermal mean states of the tropical Pacific associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation modes may influence EASM precipitation. Our results highlight the coupled influence of external insolation forcing and internal low‐latitude processes on the spatial and temporal EASM variability, and understanding these influences could be critical to the prediction of future monsoon behavior under ongoing and future global warming.
Ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited superfluid He nanodroplets
Authors: Mudrich M. , LaForge A. C. , Ciavardini A. , O’Keeffe P. , Callegari C. , Coreno M. , Demidovich A. , Devetta M. , Fraia M. Di , Drabbels M. , Finetti P. , Gessner O. , Grazioli C. , Hernando A. , Neumark D. M. , Ovcharenko Y. , Piseri P. , Plekan O. , Prince K. C. , Richter R. , Ziemkiewicz M. P. , Möller T. , Eloranta J. , Pi M. , Barranco M. , Stienkemeier F.
Published: January 2020

The relaxation of photoexcited nanosystems is a fundamental process of light–matter interaction. Depending on the couplings of the internal degrees of freedom, relaxation can be ultrafast, converting electronic energy in a few fs, or slow, if the energy is trapped in a metastable state that decouples from its environment. Here, we study helium nanodroplets excited resonantly by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser. Despite their superfluid nature, we find that helium nanodroplets in the lowest electronically excited states undergo ultrafast relaxation. By comparing experimental photoelectron spectra with time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we unravel the full relaxation pathway: Following an ultrafast interband transition, a void nanometer-sized bubble forms around the localized excitation (He$${}^{* }$$

*

) within 1 ps. Subsequently, the bubble collapses and releases metastable He$${}^{* }$$

*

at the droplet surface. This study highlights the high level of detail achievable in probing the photodynamics of nanosystems using tunable XUV pulses.
Differential expansion of T central memory precursor and effector subsets is regulated by division speed
Authors: Kretschmer Lorenz , Flossdorf Michael , Mir Jonas , Cho Yi-Li , Plambeck Marten , Treise Irina , Toska Albulena , Heinzel Susanne , Schiemann Matthias , Busch Dirk H. , Buchholz Veit R.
Published: January 2020

While antigen-primed T cells proliferate at speeds close to the physiologic maximum of mammalian cells, T cell memory is maintained in the absence of antigen by rare cell divisions. The transition between these distinct proliferative programs has been difficult to resolve via population-based analyses. Here, we computationally reconstruct the proliferative history of single CD8+ T cells upon vaccination and measure the division speed of emerging T cell subsets in vivo. We find that slower cycling central memory precursors, characterized by an elongated G1 phase, segregate early from the bulk of rapidly dividing effector subsets, and further slow-down their cell cycle upon premature removal of antigenic stimuli. In contrast, curtailed availability of inflammatory stimuli selectively restrains effector T cell proliferation due to reduced receptivity for interleukin-2. In line with these findings, persistence of antigenic but not inflammatory stimuli throughout clonal expansion critically determines the later size of the memory compartment.
Forest management in southern China generates short term extensive carbon sequestration
Authors: Tong Xiaowei , Brandt Martin , Yue Yuemin , Ciais Philippe , Rudbeck Jepsen Martin , Penuelas Josep , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Xiao Xiangming , Song Xiao-Peng , Horion Stephanie , Rasmussen Kjeld , Saatchi Sassan , Fan Lei , Wang Kelin , Zhang Bing , Chen Zhengchao , Wang Yuhang , Li Xiaojun , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: January 2020

Land use policies have turned southern China into one of the most intensively managed forest regions in the world, with actions maximizing forest cover on soils with marginal agricultural potential while concurrently increasing livelihoods and mitigating climate change. Based on satellite observations, here we show that diverse land use changes in southern China have increased standing aboveground carbon stocks by 0.11 ± 0.05 Pg C y−1 during 2002–2017. Most of this regional carbon sink was contributed by newly established forests (32%), while forests already existing contributed 24%. Forest growth in harvested forest areas contributed 16% and non-forest areas contributed 28% to the carbon sink, while timber harvest was tripled. Soil moisture declined significantly in 8% of the area. We demonstrate that land management in southern China has been removing an amount of carbon equivalent to 33% of regional fossil CO2 emissions during the last 6 years, but forest growth saturation, land competition for food production and soil-water depletion challenge the longevity of this carbon sink service.
The mechanistic and functional profile of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody ligelizumab differs from omalizumab
Authors: Gasser Pascal , Tarchevskaya Svetlana S. , Guntern Pascal , Brigger Daniel , Ruppli Rahel , Zbären Noemi , Kleinboelting Silke , Heusser Christoph , Jardetzky Theodore S. , Eggel Alexander
Published: January 2020

Targeting of immunoglobulin E (IgE) represents an interesting approach for the treatment of allergic disorders. A high-affinity monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, ligelizumab, has recently been developed to overcome some of the limitations associated with the clinical use of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab. Here, we determine the molecular binding profile and functional modes-of-action of ligelizumab. We solve the crystal structure of ligelizumab bound to IgE, and report epitope differences between ligelizumab and omalizumab that contribute to their qualitatively distinct IgE-receptor inhibition profiles. While ligelizumab shows superior inhibition of IgE binding to FcεRI, basophil activation, IgE production by B cells and passive systemic anaphylaxis in an in vivo mouse model, ligelizumab is less potent in inhibiting IgE:CD23 interactions than omalizumab. Our data thus provide a structural and mechanistic foundation for understanding the efficient suppression of FcεRI-dependent allergic reactions by ligelizumab in vitro as well as in vivo.
Global warming changes tropical cyclone translation speed
Authors: Yamaguchi Munehiko , Chan Johnny C. L. , Moon Il-Ju , Yoshida Kohei , Mizuta Ryo
Published: January 2020

Slow-moving tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause heavy rain because of their duration of influence. Combined with expected increase in rain rates associated with TCs in a warmer climate, there is growing interest in TC translation speed in the past and future. Here we present that a slowdown trend of the translation speed is not simulated for the period 1951–2011 based on historical model simulations. We also find that the annual-mean translation speed could increase under global warming. Although previous studies show large uncertainties in the future projections of TC characteristics, our model simulations show that the average TC translation speed at higher latitudes becomes smaller in a warmer climate, but the relative frequency of TCs at higher latitudes increases. Since the translation speed is much larger in the extratropics, the increase in the relative frequency of TCs at higher latitudes compensates the reduction of the translation speed there, leading to a global mean increase in TC translation speed.
ULK1 phosphorylates Exo70 to suppress breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Mao Liyuan , Zhan Yan-yan , Wu Bin , Yu Qiang , Xu Liang , Hong Xiaoting , Zhong Linhai , Mi Panying , Xiao Li , Wang Xinquan , Cao Hanwei , Zhang Wenqing , Chen Binbin , Xiang Jingzhou , Mei Kunrong , Radhakrishnan Ravi , Guo Wei , Hu Tianhui
Published: January 2020

Increased expression of protein kinase ULK1 was reported to negatively correlate with breast cancer metastasis. Here we report that ULK1 suppresses the migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. The suppressive effect is mediated through direct phosphorylation of Exo70, a key component of the exocyst complex. ULK1 phosphorylation inhibits Exo70 homo-oligomerization as well as its assembly to the exocyst complex, which are needed for cell protrusion formation and matrix metalloproteinases secretion during cell invasion. Reversely, upon growth factor stimulation, Exo70 is phosphorylated by ERK1/2, which in turn suppresses its phosphorylation by ULK1. Together, our study identifies Exo70 as a substrate of ULK1 that inhibits cancer metastasis, and demonstrates that two counteractive regulatory mechanisms are well orchestrated during tumor cell invasion.
Dopamine transients do not act as model-free prediction errors during associative learning
Authors: Sharpe Melissa J. , Batchelor Hannah M. , Mueller Lauren E. , Yun Chang Chun , Maes Etienne J. P. , Niv Yael , Schoenbaum Geoffrey
Published: January 2020

Dopamine neurons are proposed to signal the reward prediction error in model-free reinforcement learning algorithms. This term represents the unpredicted or ‘excess’ value of the rewarding event, value that is then added to the intrinsic value of any antecedent cues, contexts or events. To support this proposal, proponents cite evidence that artificially-induced dopamine transients cause lasting changes in behavior. Yet these studies do not generally assess learning under conditions where an endogenous prediction error would occur. Here, to address this, we conducted three experiments where we optogenetically activated dopamine neurons while rats were learning associative relationships, both with and without reward. In each experiment, the antecedent cues failed to acquire value and instead entered into associations with the later events, whether valueless cues or valued rewards. These results show that in learning situations appropriate for the appearance of a prediction error, dopamine transients support associative, rather than model-free, learning.
Soil bacterial diversity mediated by microscale aqueous-phase processes across biomes
Authors: Bickel Samuel , Or Dani
Published: January 2020

Soil bacterial diversity varies across biomes with potential impacts on soil ecological functioning. Here, we incorporate key factors that affect soil bacterial abundance and diversity across spatial scales into a mechanistic modeling framework considering soil type, carbon inputs and climate towards predicting soil bacterial diversity. The soil aqueous-phase content and connectivity exert strong influence on bacterial diversity for each soil type and rainfall pattern. Biome-specific carbon inputs deduced from net primary productivity provide constraints on soil bacterial abundance independent from diversity. The proposed heuristic model captures observed global trends of bacterial diversity in good agreement with predictions by an individual-based mechanistic model. Bacterial diversity is highest at intermediate water contents where the aqueous phase forms numerous disconnected habitats and soil carrying capacity determines level of occupancy. The framework delineates global soil bacterial diversity hotspots; located mainly in climatic transition zones that are sensitive to potential climate and land use changes.
Topological magneto-optical effects and their quantization in noncoplanar antiferromagnets
Authors: Feng Wanxiang , Hanke Jan-Philipp , Zhou Xiaodong , Guo Guang-Yu , Blügel Stefan , Mokrousov Yuriy , Yao Yugui
Published: January 2020

Reflecting the fundamental interactions of polarized light with magnetic matter, magneto-optical effects are well known since more than a century. The emergence of these phenomena is commonly attributed to the interplay between exchange splitting and spin-orbit coupling in the electronic structure of magnets. Using theoretical arguments, we demonstrate that topological magneto-optical effects can arise in noncoplanar antiferromagnets due to the finite scalar spin chirality, without any reference to exchange splitting or spin-orbit coupling. We propose spectral integrals of certain magneto-optical quantities that uncover the unique topological nature of the discovered effect. We also find that the Kerr and Faraday rotation angles can be quantized in insulating topological antiferromagnets in the low-frequency limit, owing to nontrivial global properties that manifest in quantum topological magneto-optical effects. Although the predicted topological and quantum topological magneto-optical effects are fundamentally distinct from conventional light-matter interactions, they can be measured by readily available experimental techniques.
No-Go Decay mRNA cleavage in the ribosome exit tunnel produces 5′-OH ends phosphorylated by Trl1
Authors: Navickas Albertas , Chamois Sébastien , Saint-Fort Rénette , Henri Julien , Torchet Claire , Benard Lionel
Published: January 2020

The No-Go Decay (NGD) mRNA surveillance pathway degrades mRNAs containing stacks of stalled ribosomes. Although an endoribonuclease has been proposed to initiate cleavages upstream of the stall sequence, the production of two RNA fragments resulting from a unique cleavage has never been demonstrated. Here we use mRNAs expressing a 3′-ribozyme to produce truncated transcripts in vivo to mimic naturally occurring truncated mRNAs known to trigger NGD. This technique allows us to analyse endonucleolytic cleavage events at single-nucleotide resolution starting at the third collided ribosome, which we show to be Hel2-dependent. These cleavages map precisely in the mRNA exit tunnel of the ribosome, 8 nucleotides upstream of the first P-site residue and release 5′-hydroxylated RNA fragments requiring 5′-phosphorylation prior to digestion by the exoribonuclease Xrn1, or alternatively by Dxo1. Finally, we identify the RNA kinase Trl1, alias Rlg1, as an essential player in the degradation of NGD RNAs.
IgA subclasses have different effector functions associated with distinct glycosylation profiles
Authors: Steffen Ulrike , Koeleman Carolien A. , Sokolova Maria V. , Bang Holger , Kleyer Arnd , Rech Jürgen , Unterweger Harald , Schicht Martin , Garreis Fabian , Hahn Jonas , Andes Fabian T. , Hartmann Fabian , Hahn Madelaine , Mahajan Aparna , Paulsen Friedrich , Hoffmann Markus , Lochnit Günter , Muñoz Luis E. , Wuhrer Manfred , Falck David , Herrmann Martin , Schett Georg
Published: January 2020

Monomeric serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) can contribute to the development of various autoimmune diseases, but the regulation of serum IgA effector functions is not well defined. Here, we show that the two IgA subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) differ in their effect on immune cells due to distinct binding and signaling properties. Whereas IgA2 acts pro-inflammatory on neutrophils and macrophages, IgA1 does not have pronounced effects. Moreover, IgA1 and IgA2 have different glycosylation profiles, with IgA1 possessing more sialic acid than IgA2. Removal of sialic acid increases the pro-inflammatory capacity of IgA1, making it comparable to IgA2. Of note, disease-specific autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis display a shift toward the pro-inflammatory IgA2 subclass, which is associated with higher disease activity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IgA effector functions depend on subclass and glycosylation, and that disturbances in subclass balance are associated with autoimmune disease.
A database of multi-channel intramuscular electromyogram signals during isometric hand muscles contractions
Authors: Malesevic Nebojsa , Björkman Anders , Andersson Gert S. , Matran-Fernandez Ana , Citi Luca , Cipriani Christian , Antfolk Christian
Published: January 2020

Hand movement is controlled by a large number of muscles acting on multiple joints in the hand and forearm. In a forearm amputee the control of a hand prosthesis is traditionally depending on electromyography from the remaining forearm muscles. Technical improvements have made it possible to safely and routinely implant electrodes inside the muscles and record high-quality signals from individual muscles. In this study, we present a database of intramuscular EMG signals recorded with fine-wire electrodes alongside recordings of hand forces in an isometric setup and with the addition of spike-sorted metadata. Six forearm muscles were recorded from twelve able-bodied subjects and nine forearm muscles from two subjects. The fully automated recording protocol, based on command cues, comprised a variety of hand movements, including some requiring slowly increasing/decreasing force. The recorded data can be used to develop and test algorithms for control of a prosthetic hand. Assessment of the signals was done in both quantitative and qualitative manners.
Evaluating sequence data quality from the Swift Accel-Amplicon CFTR Panel
Authors: Leung Marco L. , Watson Deborah J. , Vaccaro Courtney N. , Mafra Fernanda , Wenocur Adam , Wang Tiancheng , Hakonarson Hakon , Santani Avni
Published: January 2020

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common genetic diseases worldwide with high carrier frequencies across different ethnicities. Next generation sequencing of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has proven to be an effective screening tool to determine carrier status with high detection rates. Here, we evaluate the performance of the Swift Biosciences Accel-Amplicon CFTR Capture Panel using CFTR-positive DNA samples. This assay is a one-day protocol that allows for one-tube reaction of 87 amplicons that span all coding regions, 5′ and 3′UTR, as well as four intronic regions. In this study, we provide the FASTQ, BAM, and VCF files on seven unique CFTR-positive samples and one normal control sample (14 samples processed including repeated samples). This method generated sequencing data with high coverage and near 100% on-target reads. We found that coverage depth was correlated with the GC content of each exon. This dataset is instrumental for clinical laboratories that are evaluating this technology as part of their carrier screening program.
Author Correction: Death anxiety, exposure to death, mortuary preferences, and religiosity in five countries
Authors: Jong Jonathan , Halberstadt Jamin , Bluemke Matthias , Kavanagh Christopher , Jackson Christopher
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sevoflurane Pre-conditioning Ameliorates Diabetic Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via Differential Regulation of p38 and ERK
Authors: Xie Dina , Zhao Jianli , Guo Rui , Jiao Liyuan , Zhang Yanqing , Lau Wayne Bond , Lopez Bernard , Christopher Theodore , Gao Erhe , Cao Jimin , Ma Xinliang , Wang Yajing
Published: January 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. During DM, cardioprotection induced by conventional pre-conditioning (PreCon) is decreased due to impaired AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The current study investigated whether PreCon with inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane (SF-PreCon) remains cardioprotective during DM, and identified the involved mechanisms. Normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced DM mice were randomized into control and SF-PreCon (3 cycles of 15-minute period exposures to 2% sevoflurane) groups before MI/R. SF-PreCon markedly reduced MI/R injury in DM mice, as evidenced by improved cardiac function (increased LVEF and ±Dp/dt), decreased infarct size, and decreased apoptosis. To determine the relevant role of AMPK, the effect of SF-PreCon was determined in cardiac-specific AMPKα2 dominant negative expressing mice (AMPK-DN). SF-PreCon decreased MI/R injury in AMPK-DN mice. To explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for SF-PreCon mediated cardioprotection in DM mice, cell survival molecules were screened. Interestingly, in ND mice, SF-PreCon significantly reduced MI/R-induced activation of p38, a pro-death MAPK, without altering ERK and JNK. In DM and AMPK-DN mice, the inhibitory effect of SF-PreCon upon p38 activation was significantly blunted. However, SF-PreCon significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, a pro-survival MAPK in DM and AMPK-DN mice. We demonstrate that SF-PreCon protects the heart via AMPK-dependent inhibition of pro-death MAPK in ND mice. However, SF-PreCon exerts cardioprotective action via AMPK-independent activation of a pro-survival MAPK member in DM mice. SF-PreCon may be beneficial compared to conventional PreCon in diabetes or clinical scenarios in which AMPK signaling is impaired.
A copper-based metal–organic framework/graphene nanocomposite for the sensitive and stable electrochemical detection of DNA bases
Authors: Wang Xiuyun , Zhang Jie , Wei Yuanan , Xing Tianyu , Cao Tingting , Wu Shuo , Zhu Fenghui
Published: January 2020

A simple and easy-operation electrode modification strategy was proposed using Cu-MOF/GO nanohybrids for physiologists and pathologists for the feasible and reliable simultaneous electrochemical detections of DNA bases, namely guanine and adenine.
A dynamic gas extraction-assisted paper-based method for colorimetric determination of bromides
Authors: Gorbunova Marina O. , Garshina Maria S. , Kulyaginova Margarita S. , Apyari Vladimir V. , Furletov Aleksei A. , Garshev Alexey V. , Dmitrienko Stanislava G. , Zolotov Yury A.
Published: January 2020

A new method for selective determination of bromides in natural waters, foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals has been developed.
Stabilization of binder-free vanadium oxide-based oxygen electrodes using Pd clusters for Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Li Jiade , Huang Senchuan , Zhang Guangyao , Li Zhi , Tong Shengfu , Wang Jue , Wu Mingmei
Published: January 2020

A stable binder-free carbon cloth supporting V2O5-Pd clusters was synthesized through hydrothermal and gas-phase-cluster beam deposition. The as-prepared binder-free electrode showed potential application in hybrid energy storage systems.
Calcium-dependent and -independent annexin V binding: distinct molecular behaviours at cell membrane interfaces
Authors: Ma Yong-Hao , Li Bolin , Yang Jingjing , Han Xiaofeng , Chen Zhan , Lu Xiaolin
Published: January 2020

Distinct annexin V binding behaviours in Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent cases were comparatively investigated on the molecular level using SFG, revealing the binding transition and the structural influence on both membrane leaflets.
Overall water-splitting reaction efficiently catalyzed by a novel bi-functional Ru/Ni3N–Ni electrode
Authors: Liu Zong , Zha Meng , Wang Quan , Hu Guangzhi , Feng Ligang
Published: January 2020

The Ru/Ni3N–Ni catalyst was efficient as a novel bi-functional catalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in water-splitting.
A 25 mA cm−2 dye-sensitized solar cell based on a near-infrared-absorbing organic dye and application of the device in SSM-DSCs
Authors: Cheema Hammad , Watson Jonathon , Peddapuram Adithya , Delcamp Jared H.
Published: January 2020

A blue organic near infrared (NIR) absorbing sensitizer, AP25, is investigated for use in broadly absorbing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs).
A universal strategy for fabrication and morphology control of polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Li Xiao-Hui , Liu Yi-Wei , Lu Ying , Zhang Zhong , Tian Hong-Rui , Liu Shu-Mei , Liu Shu-Xia
Published: January 2020

Fabrication of POM@MOFs by utilizing the oxidization of POMs to metals and the effect of polyoxoanion charge on POM@MOF morphology.
Mechanochemical synthesis of drug–drug and drug–nutraceutical multicomponent solids of olanzapine
Authors: Sarmah Kashyap Kumar , Nath Nilamoni , Rao Dharmaraj R. , Thakuria Ranjit
Published: January 2020

Drug–drug and drug–nutraceutical multicomponent solids of an antipsychotic drug olanzapine (OLN) are prepared using mechanochemistry.
From partial to complete neutralization of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid in the Li–Na system: crystal chemistry and electrochemical behavior of Na2Li2C8H2O6vs.Li
Authors: Quarez Éric , Jouhara Alia , Grolleau Stéphane , Dolhem Franck , Dupré Nicolas , Poizot Philippe
Published: January 2020

The 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (H4-p-DHT) is of special interest in the field of materials science because of the two symmetric sets of oxygen donor functional groups (i.e., β-hydroxy acid moieties).
Investigating the effects of activating agent morphology on the porosity and related capacitance of nanoporous carbons
Authors: Hérou Servann , Crespo Maria , Titirici Magdalena
Published: January 2020

We compare the microstructure of a lignin-based powdered activated carbon with a lignin-based electrospun mat and show how the reduction in size of the activating agent domains promotes the formation of microporosity and increases the resulting double layer capacitance.
Interaction of aliphatic amino acids with zwitterionic and charged lipid membranes: hydration and dehydration phenomena
Authors: Kanwa Nishu , De Soumya Kanti , Maity Avijit , Chakraborty Anjan
Published: January 2020

Aliphatic amino acids interact differently in order to induce gelation or fluidization in zwitterionic and charged lipid membranes as a result of hydration or dehydration of the membrane surface.
Correction: Voltage issue of aqueous rechargeable metal-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Zhuoxin , Huang Yan , Huang Yang , Yang Qi , Li Xinliang , Huang Zhaodong , Zhi Chunyi
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Voltage issue of aqueous rechargeable metal-ion batteries’ by Zhuoxin Liu et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00131j.
Hierarchical FeCo2S4@CoFe layered double hydroxide on Ni foam as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Huang Yunxia , Chen Xiaojuan , Ge Shuaipeng , Zhang Qiqi , Zhang Xinran , Li Wenping , Cui Yimin
Published: January 2020

Designing high-efficiency and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance to produce hydrogen by water electrolysis.
Investigation of the deactivation behavior of Co catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using encapsulated Co nanoparticles with controlled SiO2 shell layer thickness
Authors: Yang Jinglin , Fang Xuejin , Xu Yuebing , Liu Xiaohao
Published: January 2020

The deactivation behavior of Co catalysts was clearly elucidated using Co nanoparticles confined by a porous SiO2 shell layer with varying thickness and different reaction temperatures.
Covalent fixing of sulfur in metal–sulfur batteries
Authors: Fang Ruopian , Xu Jiangtao , Wang Da-Wei
Published: January 2020

This review proposes the concept of covalent fixing as a new research strategy for sulfur electrochemistry in advanced metal–sulfur batteries.
Identification of toxicity effects of Cu2O materials onC. elegansas a function of environmental ionic composition
Authors: Munro Catherine J. , Nguyen Michelle A. , Falgons Christian , Chaudhry Sana , Olagunju Mary O. , Bode Addys , Bobé Carla , Portela Manuel E. , Knecht Marc R. , Collins Kevin M.
Published: January 2020

C. elegansworms encountering Cu2O particles can either avoid and survive or they can ingest them and experience toxic effects. Phosphate induces particle oxidation and Cu ion precipitation, improving survival even after ingestion.
Integrated phytochemical analysis based on UHPLC-LTQ–Orbitrap and network pharmacology approaches to explore the potential mechanism of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. for ameliorating Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Luo Zhiqiang , Yu Guohua , Chen Xinjing , Liu Yang , Zhou Yating , Wang Guopeng , Shi Yuanyuan
Published: January 2020

Exploring the potential mechanism of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. for ameliorating Alzheimer's disease using comprehensive UHPLC-LTQ–Orbitrap based phytochemical analysis and network pharmacology approaches.
Hybridised sustainability metrics for use in life cycle assessment of bio-based products: resource efficiency and circularity
Authors: Lokesh Kadambari , Matharu Avtar S. , Kookos Ioannis K. , Ladakis Dimitris , Koutinas Apostolis , Morone Piergiuseppe , Clark James
Published: January 2020

Demonstration of an innovative environmental assessment methodology that provides a unique dimension to sustainability reporting, focusing on circular bio-based value chains.
Macrocyclic peptidomimetics as inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP)
Authors: Barlow Nicholas , Vanga Sudarsana Reddy , Sävmarker Jonas , Sandström Anja , Burns Peta , Hallberg Anders , Åqvist Johan , Gutiérrez-de-Terán Hugo , Hallberg Mathias , Larhed Mats , Chai Siew Yeen , Thompson Philip E.
Published: January 2020

The IRAP inhibition of the macrocyclic peptide, HA-08 has been explored by analogue design coupled to molecular dynamics analysis.
3D domain swapping of azurin fromAlcaligenes xylosoxidans
Authors: Cahyono Robby Noor , Yamanaka Masaru , Nagao Satoshi , Shibata Naoki , Higuchi Yoshiki , Hirota Shun
Published: January 2020

Protein oligomers have gained interest, owing to their increased knowledge in cells and promising utilization for future materials. Various proteins have been shown to 3D domain swap, but there has been no domain swapping report on a blue copper protein. Here, we found that azurin from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans oligomerizes by the procedure of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol addition to Cu(i)-azurin at pH 5.0, lyophilization, and dissolution at pH 7.0, whereas it slightly oligomerizes when using Cu(ii)-azurin. The amount of high order oligomers increased with the addition of Cu(ii) ions to the dissolution process of a similar procedure for apoazurin, indicating that Cu(ii) ions enhance azurin oligomerization. The ratio of the absorbance at 460 nm to that at ∼620 nm of the azurin dimer (Abs460/Abs618 = 0.113) was higher than that of the monomer (Abs460/Abs622 = 0.067) and the EPR A‖ value of the dimer (5.85 mT) was slightly smaller than that of the monomer (5.95 mT), indicating a slightly more rhombic copper coordination for the dimer. The redox potential of the azurin dimer was 342 ± 5 mV vs. NHE, which was 50 mV higher than that of the monomer. According to X-ray crystal analysis, the azurin dimer exhibited a domain-swapped structure, where the N-terminal region containing three β-strands was exchanged between protomers. The copper coordination structure was tetrahedrally distorted in the azurin dimer, similar to that in the monomer; however, the Cu–O(Gly45) bond length was longer for the dimer (monomer, 2.46–2.59 Å; dimer, 2.98–3.25 Å). These results open the door for designing oligomers of blue copper proteins by domain swapping.
Convenient synthesis of quinoline-fused triazolo-azepine/oxepine derivatives through Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalisation of triazoles
Authors: Mahesh Kukkamudi , Ravi Kanakaraju , Rathod Praveen Kumar , Leelavathi Panaganti
Published: January 2020

The convenient synthesis of a novel polycyclic fused system comprising three different heterocycles, viz., quinolines, azepines/oxepines and triazoles is presented in high yields.
DNA logic circuits based on FokI enzyme regulation
Authors: Zhao Sue , Liu Yuan , Wang Bin , Zhou Changjun , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2020

A series of DNA logic devices was constructed based on the allosteric strategy of the enzyme-assisted cleavage regulation system, which are simple in scale, modular, and work efficiently.
Regulating the pro- and anti-oxidant capabilities of bimetallic nanozymes for the detection of Fe2+ and protection of Monascus pigments
Authors: Liu Chuang , Yan Yingying , Zhang Xiaowei , Mao Yuanyang , Ren Xianqing , Hu Chaoyuan , He Weiwei , Yin Jun-jin
Published: January 2020

Bimetallic PtRu nanozymes exhibited enhanced multiple enzyme-like activities, and pro-oxidant and antioxidant capabilities, and have shown applications in biological detection and protection.
Theoretical insight into the redox-switchable activity of group 4 metal complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Luo Gen , Hou Zhaomin , Diaconescu Paula L. , Luo Yi
Published: January 2020

DFT calculations indicate that the Lewis acidity of the catalytic metal center M (Ti, Zr, Hf) explains the redox-switchable activity observed for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone by ferrocene derived metal complexes.
Engineering of a zero cross-talk fluorescent polymer nanoprobe for self-referenced ratiometric imaging of lysosomal hypochlorous acid in living cells
Authors: Wei Hongqing , Zeng Rongjin , Wang Shenglan , Zhang Chong-Hua , Chen Shu , Zhang Peisheng , Chen Jian
Published: January 2020

A zero cross-talk fluorescent polymer nanoprobe with a self-referenced ratiometric effect was rationally designed and synthesized for lysosomal hypochlorous acid (HClO) imaging in live cells.
Chemical tagging for sensitive determination of uridine modifications in RNA
Authors: Cheng Qing-Yun , Xiong Jun , Ma Cheng-Jie , Dai Yi , Ding Jiang-Hui , Liu Fei-Long , Yuan Bi-Feng , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: January 2020

The discovery of dynamic and reversible modifications in messenger RNA is opening new directions in RNA modification-mediated regulation of biological processes.
Unexpected monolayer-to-bilayer transition of arylazopyrazole surfactants facilitates superior photo-control of fluid interfaces and colloids
Authors: Honnigfort Christian , Campbell Richard A. , Droste Jörn , Gutfreund Philipp , Hansen Michael Ryan , Ravoo Bart Jan , Braunschweig Björn
Published: January 2020

E/Z photo-isomerization of a new surfactant causes substantial changes in interfacial properties, which are a prerequisite for responsive and adaptive material control on a molecular level.
Metabolic inhibitors of bacterial glycan biosynthesis
Authors: Williams Daniel A. , Pradhan Kabita , Paul Ankita , Olin Ilana R. , Tuck Owen T. , Moulton Karen D. , Kulkarni Suvarn S. , Dube Danielle H.
Published: January 2020

Metabolic inhibitors based on rare bacterial monosaccharide scaffolds interfere with bacterial glycan biosynthesis in a bacteria-selective manner.
Life cycle assessment of plasma-assisted ethylene production from rich-in-methane gas streams
Authors: Delikonstantis Evangelos , Igos Elorri , Augustinus Michael , Benetto Enrico , Stefanidis Georgios D.
Published: January 2020

Herein, the sustainability of plasma-assisted processes for ethylene production from rich-in-methane gas streams namely, natural and shale gas, is investigated by performing life cycle assessment (LCA).
Aspirin inhibits TGFβ2-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells: selective acetylation of K56 and K122 in histone H3
Authors: Nam Mi-Hyun , Smith Andrew J.O. , Pantcheva Mina B. , Park Ko Uoon , Brzezinski Joseph A. , Galligan James J. , Fritz Kristofer , Wormstone I. Michael , Nagaraj Ram H.
Published: January 2020

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a complication after cataract surgery that can disrupt vision. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in response to transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) has been considered an obligatory mechanism for PCO. In this study, we tested the efficacy of aspirin in inhibiting the TGFβ2-mediated EMT of human LECs, LECs in human lens capsular bags, and lensectomized mice. In human LECs, the levels of the EMT markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin were drastically reduced by treatment with 2 mM aspirin. Aspirin also halted the EMT response of TGFβ2 when introduced after EMT initiation. In human capsular bags, treatment with 2 mM aspirin significantly suppressed posterior capsule wrinkling and the expression α-SMA in capsule-adherent LECs. The inhibition of TGFβ2-mediated EMT in human LECs was not dependent on Smad phosphorylation or MAPK and AKT-mediated signaling. We found that aspirin significantly increased the acetylation of K56 and K122 in histone H3 of human LECs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using acetyl-H3K56 or acetyl-H3K122 antibody revealed that aspirin blocked the TGFβ2-induced acetylation of H3K56 and H3K122 at the promoter regions of ACTA2 and COL1A1. After lensectomy in mice, we observed an increase in the proliferation and α-SMA expression of the capsule-adherent LECs, which was ameliorated by aspirin administration through drinking water. Taken together, our results showed that aspirin inhibits TGFβ2-mediated EMT of LECs, possibly from epigenetic down-regulation of EMT-related genes.
Language and Reading Outcomes in Fourth-Grade Children With Mild Hearing Loss Compared to Age-Matched Hearing Peers
Authors: Walker Elizabeth A. , Sapp Caitlin , Dallapiazza Margaret , Spratford Meredith , McCreery Ryan W. , Oleson Jacob J.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

There is ambiguity in the clinical and research communities regarding whether children with mild bilateral hearing loss (MBHL) are at risk for delays. The goal of the current article is to expand the evidence base surrounding outcomes for the current generation of children with MBHL.

Method

Using independent-samplesttests, we compared children with MBHL to same-age peers with normal hearing (NH) on measures of vocabulary, morphological awareness, listening comprehension, and reading. We completed regression analyses to explore the foundational linguistic skills that influenced reading abilities in both groups. For the children with MBHL, we examined whether hearing aid (HA) dosage was associated with individual differences in language scores.

Results

Group comparisons indicated that children with NH significantly outperformed children with MBHL on tests of morphological awareness and listening comprehension. There were no differences in vocabulary size or reading achievement; however, children with MBHL displayed significant differences in the factors that accounted for variability in reading scores compared to children with NH. HA dosage was significantly associated with variation in listening comprehension scores, but not vocabulary, reading, or morphological awareness.

Conclusions

The current results provide evidence that children with MBHL are at risk for persistent language deficits by 4th grade, particularly in aspects of language that involve form. Reading skills in children with MBHL appear to be commensurate with same-age hearing peers. Consistent use of well-fit HAs supports listening comprehension, although the amount of benefit from HAs may be reduced for children with higher unaided hearing levels.