bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kokumi Taste Active Peptides Modulate Salt and Umami Taste
Authors: Rhyu Mee-Ra , Song Ah-Young , Kim Eun-Young , Son Hee-Jin , Kim Yiseul , Mummalaneni Shobha , Qian Jie , Grider John R. , Lyall Vijay
Published: April 2020

Kokumi taste substances exemplified by γ-glutamyl peptides and Maillard Peptides modulate salt and umami tastes. However, the underlying mechanism for their action has not been delineated. Here, we investigated the effects of a kokumi taste active and inactive peptide fraction (500–10,000 Da) isolated from mature (FIIm) and immature (FIIim) Ganjang, a typical Korean soy sauce, on salt and umami taste responses in humans and rodents. Only FIIm (0.1–1.0%) produced a biphasic effect in rat chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve responses to lingual stimulation with 100 mM NaCl + 5 μM benzamil, a specific epithelial Na+ channel blocker. Both elevated temperature (42 °C) and FIIm produced synergistic effects on the NaCl + benzamil CT response. At 0.5% FIIm produced the maximum increase in rat CT response to NaCl + benzamil, and enhanced salt taste intensity in human subjects. At 2.5% FIIm enhanced rat CT response to glutamate that was equivalent to the enhancement observed with 1 mM IMP. In human subjects, 0.3% FIIm produced enhancement of umami taste. These results suggest that FIIm modulates amiloride-insensitive salt taste and umami taste at different concentration ranges in rats and humans.
Plasma Adipokines Profile in Prepubertal Children with a History of Prematurity or Extrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Ordóñez-Díaz María Dolores , Gil-Campos Mercedes , Flores-Rojas Katherine , Muñoz-Villanueva María Carmen , Aguilera-García Concepción María , Torre-Aguilar María Jose de la , Pérez-Navero Juan Luis
Published: April 2020

Adipose tissue programming could be developed in very preterm infants with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), with an adverse impact on long-term metabolic status, as was studied in intrauterine growth restriction patterns. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the difference in levels of plasma adipokines in children with a history of EUGR. A total of 211 school age prepubertal children were examined: 38 with a history of prematurity and EUGR (EUGR), 50 with a history of prematurity with adequate growth (PREM), and 123 healthy children born at term. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, metabolic markers and adipokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin) were measured. Children with a history of EUGR showed lower values of adiponectin (μg/mL) compared with the other two groups: (EUGR: 10.6 vs. PREM: 17.7, p < 0.001; vs. CONTROL: 25.7, p = 0.004) and higher levels of resistin (ng/mL) (EUGR: 19.2 vs. PREM: 16.3, p =0.007; vs. CONTROL: 7.1, p < 0.001. The PREM group showed the highest values of leptin (ng/mL), compared with the others: PREM: 4.9 vs. EUGR: 2.1, p = 0.048; vs. CONTROL: 3.2, p = 0.029). In conclusion, EUGR in premature children could lead to a distinctive adipokines profile, likely associated with an early programming of the adipose tissue, and likely to increase the risk of adverse health outcomes later in life.
Salmonella Typhimurium Triggered Unilateral Epididymo-Orchitis and Splenomegaly in a Holstein Bull in Assiut, Egypt: A Case Report
Authors: Mahmoud Manal A. M. , Megahed Gaber , Yousef Mohamed S. , Ali Fatma Abo Zakaib , Zaki Rania S. , Abdelhafeez Hanan H.
Published: April 2020

This report illustrates, for the first time, a case of unilateral orchitis and epididymitis in a Holstein-Friesian bull, associated with Salmonella enterica infection (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium). A one and a half-year-old Holstein-Friesian bull had arrived at the Veterinary Hospital of Assiut University suffering from anorexia accompanied with persistent fever, which did not respond to oxytetracycline and flunixin meglumine injection for 15 days. Gross examination revealed left scrotal enlargement (three times its normal size), heat sensation, and induration of the testis and epididymis, which was painful on external palpation. Microbiological and pathological examinations of the left testicle, epididymis, and spleen samples were performed. S. Typhimurium was recovered from the affected tissues and its critical virulence genes (stn, avrA and sopB) were identified. Pathological examination revealed a unilateral necrotizing intratubular pyogranulomatus orchitis and epididymitis with severe peri-orchitis. In addition, splenomegaly with a firm and large whitish nodular capsular structure associated with different stages of granulomatous reaction around the white and red pulp. To the authors’ knowledge, this report is the first isolation of S. Typhimurium from the epididymis and testicles of a Holstein-Friesian bull. These results highlight the importance of including S. Typhimurium among the health disorders associated with stressful situations in bovine with orchitis and or/epididymitis. In Egypt, Salmonella spp. infection as being enzootic with high probability of dissemination should be considered one of genital health problems among cattle farms.
The Role of the Maridi Dam in Causing an Onchocerciasis-Associated Epilepsy Epidemic in Maridi, South Sudan: An Epidemiological, Sociological, and Entomological Study
Authors: Lakwo T. L. , Raimon S. , Tionga M. , Siewe Fodjo J. N. , Alinda P. , Sebit W. J. , Carter J. Y. , Colebunders R.
Published: April 2020

Background: An epilepsy prevalence of 4.4% was documented in onchocerciasis-endemic villages close to the Maridi River in South Sudan. We investigated the role of the Maridi dam in causing an onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy epidemic in these villages. Methods: Affected communities were visited in November 2019 to conduct focus group discussions with village elders and assess the OV16 seroprevalence in 3- to 9-year-old children. Entomological assessments to map blackfly breeding sites and determine biting rates around the Maridi River were conducted. Historical data regarding various activities at the Maridi dam were obtained from the administrative authorities. Results: The Maridi dam was constructed in 1954–1955. Village elders reported an increasing number of children developing epilepsy, including nodding syndrome, from the early 1990s. Kazana 2 (the village closest to the dam; epilepsy prevalence 11.9%) had the highest OV16 seroprevalence: 40.0% among children 3–6 years old and 66.7% among children 7–9 years old. The Maridi dam spillway was found to be the only Simulium damnosum breeding site along the river, with biting rates reaching 202 flies/man/h. Conclusion: Onchocerciasis transmission rates are high in Maridi. Suitable breeding conditions at the Maridi dam, coupled with suboptimal onchocerciasis control measures, have probably played a major role in causing an epilepsy (including nodding syndrome) epidemic in the Maridi area.
Methanolic Extract of the Herb Ononis spinosa L. Is an Antifungal Agent with no Cytotoxicity to Primary Human Cells
Authors: Stojković Dejan , Dias Maria Inês , Drakulić Danijela , Barros Lillian , Stevanović Milena , C. F. R. Ferreira Isabel , D. Soković Marina
Published: April 2020

Ononis spinosa L. is a plant traditionally used as folk remedy. There are numerous studies regarding chemical constituents and health beneficial properties of Ononidis Radix. The following study was designed to investigate chemical composition and antifungal potential of the methanolic extract obtained from the O. spinosa L. herb. Chemical analyses regarding phenolic compounds of O. spinosa were performed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MSn). Antifungal activity, antibiofilm properties and antifungal mode of action of the extract were evaluated, as well as cytotoxicity. Chemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids, isoflavonoids and phenolic acids in O. spinosa, with kaempherol-O-hexoside-pentoside being the most abundant compound (5.1 mg/g extract). Methanolic extract was active against all of the tested microfungi with Penicillium aurantiogriseum being the most sensitive to the extract inhibitory effect at 0.02 mg/mL; and effectively inhibited biofilms formed by Candida strains. Minimum fungicidal concentrations of extract rose in the presence of ergosterol and leakage of cellular components was detected. The extract showed no cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells. This study significantly contributes to overall knowledge about medicinal potential of O. spinosa herbal extract and enlightens previously unrevealed properties. O. spinosa aerial parts seem to be an interesting candidate for the development of antifungal preparations, non-toxic to human cells.
An IoT Platform Based on Microservices and Serverless Paradigms for Smart Farming Purposes
Authors: Trilles Sergio , González-Pérez Alberto , Huerta Joaquín
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, the concept of “Everything is connected to Everything” has spread to reach increasingly diverse scenarios, due to the benefits of constantly being able to know, in real-time, the status of your factory, your city, your health or your smallholding. This wide variety of scenarios creates different challenges such as the heterogeneity of IoT devices, support for large numbers of connected devices, reliable and safe systems, energy efficiency and the possibility of using this system by third-parties in other scenarios. A transversal middleware in all IoT solutions is called an IoT platform. the IoT platform is a piece of software that works like a kind of “glue” to combine platforms and orchestrate capabilities that connect devices, users and applications/services in a “cyber-physical” world. In this way, the IoT platform can help solve the challenges listed above. This paper proposes an IoT agnostic architecture, highlighting the role of the IoT platform, within a broader ecosystem of interconnected tools, aiming at increasing scalability, stability, interoperability and reusability. For that purpose, different paradigms of computing will be used, such as microservices architecture and serverless computing. Additionally, a technological proposal of the architecture, called SEnviro Connect, is presented. This proposal is validated in the IoT scenario of smart farming, where five IoT devices (SEnviro nodes) have been deployed to improve wine production. A comprehensive performance evaluation is carried out to guarantee a scalable and stable platform.
Enhancement of Photoemission on p-Type GaAs Using Surface Acoustic Waves
Authors: Dong Boqun , Afanasev Andrei , Johnson Rolland , Zaghloul Mona
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate that photoemission properties of p-type GaAs can be altered by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated on the GaAs surface due to dynamical piezoelectric fields of SAWs. Multiphysics simulations indicate that charge-carrier recombination is greatly reduced, and electron effective lifetime in p-doped GaAs may increase by a factor of 10× to 20×. It implies a significant increase, by a factor of 2× to 3×, of quantum efficiency (QE) for GaAs photoemission applications, like GaAs photocathodes. Conditions of different SAW wavelengths, swept SAW intensities, and varied incident photon energies were investigated. Essential steps in SAW device fabrication on a GaAs substrate are demonstrated, including deposition of an additional layer of ZnO for piezoelectric effect enhancement, measurements of current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the SAW device, and ability to survive high-temperature annealing. Results obtained and reported in this study provide the potential and basis for future studies on building SAW-enhanced photocathodes, as well as other GaAs photoelectric applications.
Wearable Sensor-Based Gait Analysis for Age and Gender Estimation
Authors: Ahad Md Atiqur Rahman , Ngo Thanh Trung , Antar Anindya Das , Ahmed Masud , Hossain Tahera , Muramatsu Daigo , Makihara Yasushi , Inoue Sozo , Yagi Yasushi
Published: April 2020

Wearable sensor-based systems and devices have been expanded in different application domains, especially in the healthcare arena. Automatic age and gender estimation has several important applications. Gait has been demonstrated as a profound motion cue for various applications. A gait-based age and gender estimation challenge was launched in the 12th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), 2019. In this competition, 18 teams initially registered from 14 countries. The goal of this challenge was to find some smart approaches to deal with age and gender estimation from sensor-based gait data. For this purpose, we employed a large wearable sensor-based gait dataset, which has 745 subjects (357 females and 388 males), from 2 to 78 years old in the training dataset; and 58 subjects (19 females and 39 males) in the test dataset. It has several walking patterns. The gait data sequences were collected from three IMUZ sensors, which were placed on waist-belt or at the top of a backpack. There were 67 solutions from ten teams—for age and gender estimation. This paper extensively analyzes the methods and achieved-results from various approaches. Based on analysis, we found that deep learning-based solutions lead the competitions compared with conventional handcrafted methods. We found that the best result achieved 24.23% prediction error for gender estimation, and 5.39 mean absolute error for age estimation by employing angle embedded gait dynamic image and temporal convolution network.
Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of Manual Feature Extraction Methods in Movement Related Cortical Potential Analysis
Authors: Alder Gemma , Signal Nada , Rashid Usman , Olsen Sharon , Niazi Imran Khan , Taylor Denise
Published: April 2020

Event related potentials (ERPs) provide insight into the neural activity generated in response to motor, sensory and cognitive processes. Despite the increasing use of ERP data in clinical research little is known about the reliability of human manual ERP labelling methods. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were evaluated in five electroencephalography (EEG) experts who labelled the peak negativity of averaged movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) derived from thirty datasets. Each dataset contained 50 MRCP epochs from healthy people performing cued voluntary or imagined movement, or people with stroke performing cued voluntary movement. Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement. Excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability was demonstrated in the voluntary movement conditions in healthy people and people with stroke. In comparison reliability in the imagined condition was low to moderate. Post-hoc secondary epoch analysis revealed that the morphology of the signal contributed to the consistency of epoch inclusion; potentially explaining the differences in reliability seen across conditions. Findings from this study may inform future research focused on developing automated labelling methods for ERP feature extraction and call to the wider community of researchers interested in utilizing ERPs as a measure of neurophysiological change or in the delivery of EEG-driven interventions.
Time-Interleaved SAR ADC with Background Timing-Skew Calibration for UWB Wireless Communication in IoT Systems
Authors: Seong Kiho , Jung Dong-Kyu , Yoon Dong-Hyun , Han Jae-Soub , Kim Ju-Eon , Kim Tony Tae-Hyoung , Lee Woojoo , Baek Kwang-Hyun
Published: April 2020

Ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication is prospering as a powerful partner of the Internet-of-things (IoT). Due to the ongoing development of UWB wireless communications, the demand for high-speed and medium resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) continues to grow. The successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs are the most powerful candidate to meet these demands, attracting both industries and academia. In particular, recent time-interleaved SAR ADCs show that multi-giga sample per second (GS/s) can be achieved by overcoming the challenges of high-speed implementation of existing SAR ADCs. However, there are still critical issues that need to be addressed before the time-interleaved SAR ADCs can be applied in real commercial applications. The most well-known problem is that the time-interleaved SAR ADC architecture requires multiple sub-ADCs, and the mismatches between these sub-ADCs can significantly degrade overall ADC performance. And one of the most difficult mismatches to solve is the sampling timing skew. Recently, research to solve this timing-skew problem has been intensively studied. In this paper, we focus on the cutting-edge timing-skew calibration technique using a window detector. Based on the pros and cons analysis of the existing techniques, we come up with an idea that increases the benefits of the window detector-based timing-skew calibration techniques and minimizes the power and area overheads. Finally, through the continuous development of this idea, we propose a timing-skew calibration technique using a comparator offset-based window detector. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, intensive works were performed, including the design of a 7-bit, 2.5 GS/s 5-channel time-interleaved SAR ADC and various simulations, and the results prove excellent efficacy of signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 40.79 dB and 48.97 dB at Nyquist frequency, respectively, while the proposed window detector occupies only 6.5% of the total active area, and consumes 11% of the total power.
Medication Adherence and Liquid Level Tracking System for Healthcare Provider Feedback
Authors: Payne Nolan , Gangwani Rahul , Barton Kira , Sample Alanson P. , Cain Stephen M. , Burke David T. , Newman-Casey Paula Anne , Shorter K. Alex
Published: April 2020

A common problem for healthcare providers is accurately tracking patients’ adherence to medication and providing real-time feedback on the management of their medication regimen. This is a particular problem for eye drop medications, as the current commercially available monitors focus on measuring adherence to pills, and not to eye drops. This work presents an intelligent bottle sleeve that slides onto a prescription eye drop medication bottle. The intelligent sleeve is capable of detecting eye drop use, measuring fluid level, and sending use information to a healthcare team to facilitate intervention. The electronics embedded into the sleeve measure fluid level, dropper orientation, the state of the dropper top (on/off), and rates of angular motion during an application. The sleeve was tested with ten patients (age ≥65) and successfully identified and timestamped 94% of use events. On-board processing enabled event detection and the measurement of fluid levels at a 0.4 mL resolution. These data were communicated to the healthcare team using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi in real-time, enabling rapid feedback to the subject. The healthcare team can therefore monitor a log of medication use behavior to make informed decisions on treatment or support for the patient.
Social and Ecological Dimensions of Urban Conservation Grasslands and Their Management through Prescribed Burning and Woody Vegetation Removal
Authors: Farrar Alison , Kendal Dave , Williams Kathryn J. H. , Zeeman Ben J.
Published: April 2020

Natural grasslands are threatened globally. In south-eastern Australia, remnants of critically endangered natural grasslands are increasingly being isolated in urban areas. Urbanisation has led to reduced fire frequency and woody plant encroachment in some patches. Grasslands are currently being managed under the assumption that desirable management actions to address these threats (prescribed burning and removing woody vegetation) (1) lead to improved conservation outcomes and (2) are restricted by negative public attitudes. In this study, we tested these two assumptions in the context of native grassland conservation reserves in Melbourne, Australia. Firstly, we investigated differences in species and functional trait composition between patches that had been recently burnt, patches that were unburnt and patches subject to woody vegetation encroachment. We found that the functional traits of species converged in areas subject to woody plant encroachment and areas frequently disturbed by fire. Burning promoted native species, and patches of woody plants supressed the dominant grass, providing a wider range of habitat conditions. Secondly, we surveyed 477 residents living adjacent to these grassland conservation reserves to measure values, beliefs and attitudes and the acceptance of prescribed burning and removing woody vegetation. We found conflict in people’s attitudes to grasslands, with both strongly positive and strongly negative attitudes expressed. The majority of residents found prescribed burning an acceptable management practice (contrary to expectations) and removing trees and shrubs from grasslands to be unacceptable. Both cognitive factors (values and beliefs) and landscape features were important in influencing these opinions. This research provides some guidance for managing urban grassland reserves as a social–ecological system, showing that ecological management, community education and engagement and landscape design features can be integrated to influence social and ecological outcomes.
An Attempt to Characterize the “3S” (Sea, Sun, and Sand) Parameters: Application to the Galapagos Islands and Continental Ecuadorian Beaches
Authors: Mestanza-Ramón Carlos , Pranzini Enzo , Anfuso Giorgio , Botero Camilo M. , Chica-Ruiz J. Adolfo , Mooser Alexis
Published: April 2020

Sea, Sun, and Sand (3S) are relevant and determining elements for choosing a tourist destination in Ecuador, a country with about 1200 km of coast along the Pacific Ocean. This study analyzed the market potential of the 3S in 64 beaches, 10 located in the Galapagos and 54 in the continental zone (of Ecuador). The methodology used was exploratory and bibliographical, complemented by a descriptive analysis. The color of the water was assessed by direct observation, sand samples were taken to a laboratory for color analysis, and information on the hours of light was obtained from international archive data. The data obtained were compared with other world famous 3S tourism destinations. The Galapagos had the best results, with attractive white sand beaches, sea blue water color, and an elevated sunshine time; meanwhile, the continental zone presented poor beaches with dark sand and unattractive water color. To strengthen 3S tourism, managers should work on the enhancement of complementary aspects such as culture, gastronomy, and architecture, promoting the creation of new coastal tourist routes and destinations.
Socialization on Sustainable Networks: The Case of eBay Green’s Facebook
Authors: Kim HaeJung Maria , Oh Kyung Wha , Jung Hye Jung
Published: April 2020

Given that novel merchandising informatics is seen as a better approach to studying eco-friendly markets, this study aimed to explore consumer socialization of sustainable networks based on the theory of consumer socialization. By employing social network analysis using the NodeXL program, we examined the social class hierarchy, investigated the structure of social agent–learner relationships, and explored the social learning properties of the eBay Green Team Facebook network. The results indicated that the network has been structured as a ‘tight-crowd network’ through 76,482 interactions among 1612 actors from 19 clusters. Specifically, the centrality measure revealed the top influentials and their interactions with other eBay Green participants. The semantic analysis discerned the salient words, which implies that consumers gain utility from this network. We concluded that sustainable networks in social media can provide an account of the socialization of consumer attitudes and the role of top influentials in sustaining the relational network.
An Environmental and Operational Analysis of Quality Function Deployment-Based Methods
Authors: Puglieri Fabio Neves , Ometto Aldo Roberto , Salvador Rodrigo , Barros Murillo Vetroni , Piekarski Cassiano Moro , Rodrigues Izabella Morré , Diegoli Netto Octavio
Published: April 2020

Ecodesign consists of integrating environmental considerations into the product development process by means of practices that involve the use of methods, techniques, tools, and guidelines. However, many published practices do not incorporate important environmental issues, often resulting in a product development process that is ineffective from an ecodesign standpoint. This paper’s aim is threefold: (i) Identifying environmental and operational criteria and determining weights to these criteria; (ii) assessing and selecting quality function deployment (QFD)-based ecodesign methods using environmental and operational criteria, and (iii) analyzing the practitioners’ perception of the most suitable QFD-based method identified by the second aim. To that end, a comprehensive literature review of ecodesign practices based on QFD and its requirements was carried out, and a survey was conducted with environmental science and product development experts, whose answers enabled the prioritization of the characteristics those practices must meet from environmental and operational standpoints. Thereafter, a workshop was carried out with design engineers from an automotive company in Brazil. This study’s findings indicate that many QFD-based ecodesign methods fail to consider the life cycle perspective, do not assess environmental impacts, and have not been tested before being published. Another finding from industry designers suggests that ecodesign methods should be easy to use and not time-consuming.
Improved Hydraulic Simulation of Valve Layout Effects on Post-Earthquake Restoration of a Water Distribution Network
Authors: Choi Jeongwook , Kang Doosun
Published: April 2020

To restore water pipes damaged by earthquakes, it is common to block the water flow by closing the associated shut-off valves. In this process, water supply suspension in the area connected to the isolated pipes is inevitable, which decreases the serviceability of the water distribution network (WDN). In this study, we identified the impact of valve layout (i.e., number and location) on system serviceability during a seismic damage restoration process. By conducting a pressure-driven-analysis (PDA) using EPANET 3.0, a more realistic hydraulic analysis could be carried out under the seismically damaged condition. Furthermore, by considering the valve-controlled segment in the hydraulic simulation, a more realistic water suspension area was determined, and efficient seismic damage restoration strategies were identified. The developed model was implemented on a WDN to demonstrate the effect of valve layout on the post-earthquake restoration process. Finally, effective restoration strategies were suggested for the application network.
Multi-Depot Green Vehicle Routing Problem to Minimize Carbon Emissions
Authors: Zhang Weiheng , Gajpal Yuvraj , Appadoo Srimantoorao. S. , Wei Qi
Published: April 2020

A Multi-Depot Green Vehicle Routing Problem (MDGVRP) is considered in this paper. In MDGVRP, Alternative Fuel-powered Vehicles (AFVs) start from different depots, serve customers, and, at the end, return to the original depots. The limited fuel tank capacity of AFVs forces them to visit Alternative Fuel Stations (AFS) for refueling. The objective is to minimize the total carbon emissions. A Two-stage Ant Colony System (TSACS) is proposed to find a feasible and acceptable solution for this NP-hard (Non-deterministic polynomial-time) optimization problem. The distinct characteristic of the proposed TSACS is the use of two distinct types of ants for two different purposes. The first type of ant is used to assign customers to depots, while the second type of ant is used to find the routes. The solution for the MDGVRP is useful and beneficial for companies that employ AFVs to deal with the various inconveniences brought by the limited number of AFSs. The numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in this research.
Microtubule Retrograde Motors and Their Role in Retroviral Transport
Authors: Pietrantoni Gianfranco , Ibarra-Karmy Rodrigo , Arriagada Gloria
Published: April 2020

Following entry into the host cell, retroviruses generate a dsDNA copy of their genomes via reverse transcription, and this viral DNA is subsequently integrated into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell. Before integration can occur, however, retroviral DNA must be transported to the nucleus as part of a ‘preintegration complex’ (PIC). Transporting the PIC through the crowded environment of the cytoplasm is challenging, and retroviruses have evolved different mechanisms to accomplish this feat. Within a eukaryotic cell, microtubules act as the roads, while the microtubule-associated proteins dynein and kinesin are the vehicles that viruses exploit to achieve retrograde and anterograde trafficking. This review will examine the various mechanisms retroviruses have evolved in order to achieve retrograde trafficking, confirming that each retrovirus has its own strategy to functionally subvert microtubule associated proteins.
Vaccination with Alpha-Gal Protects Against Mycobacterial Infection in the Zebrafish Model of Tuberculosis
Authors: Pacheco Iván , Contreras Marinela , Villar Margarita , Risalde María Angeles , Alberdi Pilar , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Gortázar Christian , de la Fuente José
Published: April 2020

The alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is associated with tick bites that can induce in humans high levels of IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal) present in glycoproteins and glycolipids from tick saliva that mediate primarily delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meat consumption. It has been proposed that humans evolved by losing the capacity to synthesize α-Gal to increase the protective immune response against pathogens with this modification on their surface. This evolutionary adaptation suggested the possibility of developing vaccines and other interventions to induce the anti-α-Gal IgM/IgG protective response against pathogen infection and multiplication. However, the protective effect of the anti-α-Gal immune response for the control of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium spp. has not been explored. To address the possibility of using vaccination with α-Gal for the control of tuberculosis, in this study, we used the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model. The results showed that vaccination with α-Gal protected against mycobacteriosis in the zebrafish model of tuberculosis and provided evidence on the protective mechanisms in response to vaccination with α-Gal. These mechanisms included B-cell maturation, antibody-mediated opsonization of mycobacteria, Fc-receptor (FcR)-mediated phagocytosis, macrophage response, interference with the α-Gal antagonistic effect of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB)-mediated immune response, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results provided additional evidence supporting the role of the α-Gal-induced immune response in the control of infections caused by pathogens with this modification on their surface and the possibility of using this approach for the control of multiple infectious diseases.
A RISC-V Processor Designed For Security
Authors: Arsath K. F Muhammad , Bodduna Rahul , Gala Neel , Ganesan Vinod , Jagan Lavanya , V Kamakoti , Krishnakumar Gnanambikai , GS Madhusudhan , Menon Arjun , Rebeiro Chester
Published: April 2020

A microprocessor is as secure as its weakest module. Depending on the application, the weakest module may be present in the hardware, micro-architecture, or a vulnerability in the software. For instance in a web-server, the biggest threats occur due to software vulnerabilities and due to information leakage in shared micro-architecture components. On the other hand, in an end-point IoT device, invasive and non-invasive hardware attacks such as Differential Power Analysis (DPA), are arguably the biggest threats.

In this paper we highlight some aspects of the development of a secure processor called Shakti-S. The processor is configurable and can cater to vulnerabilities in multiple layers. To protect against memory vulnerabilities that are common in applications, hardware enabled memory protection schemes are implemented. Fine-grained compartment capabilities permit the secure least-privilege software design methodology. In the micro-architecture, shared modules like cache memories are protected by moving target randomization mechanisms which can prevent most variants of cache timing attacks. In the hard-ware, critical information is masked to break correlation with the device’s power consumption, thus hardening the processor against strong side-channel attacks like the Differential Power Analysis.
Romatoid Artritte Beslenme
Authors: TEKEOĞLU İbrahim , BAYKUL Merve
Published: April 2020

Romatoid artrit
sistemik, otoimmun, kronik, poliartritte seyreden kalıcı deformitelere yol açan
bir hastalıktır. Yaş, cinsiyet, beden kitle indeksi sigara, alkol, kahve,
sebzeler, meyveler, balık tüketimi, tahıllar ve diyet rejimleri hastalık
aktivitesinde önemli değişimlere yol açarlar. Bu yazıda romatoid artrit
hastalarında hastalık aktivitesini azaltan ve arttıran diyetsel çalışmalar
derlenmiştir. Amacımız mevcut ilaç tedavilerinin yanında kişiye özgü
hazırlanmış anti-inflamatuar diyet programlarıyla romatoid artrit hastalarınn
remisyona ulaşmasında  hekimlere yol
göstermektir.
A new Middle Pleistocene interglacial sequence from Måløv, Sjælland, Denmark
Authors: Bennike Ole , Lindgård Esben , Jønsson Granat Henrik , Preece Richard C. , Viehberg Finn
Published: April 2020

Interglacial deposits in Denmark have traditionally been referred to the Cromerian complex (Hareskovian), Holsteinian or Eemian stages. However, based on studies of sediment cores from the deep sea many more than three Quaternary interglacials have been documented, and in other parts of north-western Europe it is becoming increasingly clear that the on-shore Quaternary sequences are much more complex than previously believed. Interglacial deposits are characterised by plant and animal remains indicating longer periods with climatic conditions similar to or warmer than today, whereas interstadial deposits were formed during shorter time spans and usually contain remains of relatively cold-adapted, arctic or sub-arctic species. Interglacial and interstadial deposits can be dated more or less precisely, and thus provide information about the relative age of glacial deposits.
Does road salt affect groundwater in Denmark?
Authors: Kristiansen Søren M. , Christensen Flemming D. , Hansen Birgitte
Published: April 2020

Chloride (Cl) from dissolved salt is a major threat to groundwater quality in many regions of the world. In arid regions near present-day coastlines, where old seawater occurs in deeper sediments and where road salt is frequently used, Cl can be a significant pollutant (European Environmental Agency 2009). European Union member states have recently reported that next to nitrogen, Cl is the most commonly found pollutant and is often responsible for groundwater bodies being at risk or having a poor ecological status (European Commission 2010).
Analysis of Palaeogene strike-slip tectonics along the southern East Greenland margin (Sødalen area)
Authors: Guarnieri Pierpaolo
Published: April 2020

This paper describes structural data collected during field work in southern East Greenland, a region characterised by a complex tectonic history. Here, 3D photogeology based on aerial and oblique photographs using high-resolution photogrammetry of a 150 km2 area in Sødalen in southern East Greenland shows ESE–WNW-trending faults cross-cutting Paleocene rift structures and flexure-related normal faults. The kinematic analysis highlights oblique and left-lateral strike-slip movements along faults oriented 120°. Strike-slip and dip-slip kinematic indicators on the walls of the chilled contacts between alkaline E–W-oriented dykes and the volcanic host rocks suggest that the faults and dykes formed at the same time, or maybe the faults were re-activated at a later stage. Palaeostress analysis, performed by inversion of fault-slip data, shows the presence of three different tectonic events. Coupling the 3D photogeological tool with structural analysis at key localities is a fundamental way to understand better the tectonic history of such a large area.
Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE): first temperature and ablation records
Authors: Van As Dirk , Fausto Robert S. , PROMICE project team *
Published: April 2020

The Greenland ice sheet is reacting to climate change. Yet, mass-budget estimates differ considerably, partly due to climatic variability and partly to uncertainties in the techniques of assessing mass change (IPCC 2007). Nevertheless, all recent estimates agree that the ice sheet is losing mass (e.g. 286 Gt/yr; Velicogna 2009) at an accelerating rate (Rignot et al. 2011). On top of this, the area with a negative mass budget is expanding rapidly (Khan et al. 2010). The mass loss is attributed equally to increases in both iceberg production and melting of the ice sheet (Van den Broeke et al. 2009). The increasing mass loss in recent years has caught public attention and given rise to concern worldwide due to its potential impact on sea level. In the light of this, the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) was initiated in 2007 (Ahlstrøm & PROMICE project team 2008), lead by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). PROMICE undertakes surface mass-budget measurements using automatic weather stations, quantifies the mass loss by iceberg calving using remotely sensed data from satellites and airborne surveys and tracks changes in the extent of glaciers. In this paper, we focus on weather station measurements, which are crucial in calculating the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ice sheet, and in validating model calculations of the surface mass budget. In particular, we present the observed temperatures and investigate how their high 2010 values affected ablation in southern Greenland
THE ABILITY RESEARCH OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF SURFACE INTEGRITY DEFORMED CONDITION AND WORKING PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUMENTS IN DIGITAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Ingemansson A.
Published: April 2020

The ability of adaptive control of stability of machined parts surface integrity deformed condition and stability of working performance of cutting instruments in digital production systems is justified.
INTENSIFICATION OF CONCENTRATION SOLUTIONS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Khramova V. , Bozhkova S. , Yaschuk B.
Published: April 2020

The technological line for evaporating solutions in the food industry using a heat pump was optimized, which allowed the secondary steam to be diverted to the ejector, mixed with the primary one, resulting in an increase in the energy efficiency of the installation, and as a result, the consumption of primary steam was reduced. Various directions of improving the process of concentrating food solutions by evaporation are proposed, which can become the basis for the development of energy-saving technologies in this area.
ADVANTAGE OF COMPOSITE CONCENTRATORS IN ULTRASONIC PROCESSING
Authors: Agapov S. , Olshtynsky S. , Tolstyakov A. , Prokhvatilov A.
Published: April 2020

The advantages of composite concentrators in the ultrasonic treatment of metals and the reduction of its longitudinal dimensions are considered.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THERMOSTATING THE WORKING AREA ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY FFF
Authors: Kozenko M. , Makarov A. , Dyachenko E. , Sushkova O.
Published: April 2020

An experimental study of the effect of temperature control of the working area of the FFF / FDM 3D printer on the mechanical properties of the products was carried out. Materials and methods of research and analysis of results were presented.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE POWER EQUIPMENT MONITORING SYSTEM USING THE WINCC SCADA SYSTEM
Authors: Omarov A. , Barabanov V.
Published: April 2020

The SCADA system was developed. The development process is described. The main elements that make up the SCADA system are described. The algorithm of functioning of the SCADA system, its capabilities, and the main advantages of its use were described in detail.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED FIRE SUPPRESSION TEMPORARY LIVING QUARTERS OF AN OIL PLATFORM
Authors: Sychenko A. , Alekhin A. , Gudz A.
Published: April 2020

Invention proposes system of automated fire extinguishing of temporary residential module of oil platform. In it, the fire extinguishing means is foam. The foam mixture supply to the place of installation of the lafet barrels is presented. In order to improve the system, it proposed to introduce switches of local and remote control of the electric feed pump.
Middle Test : Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan IPS. Agustina Hayati. NIM 1910128120007
Authors: hayati Agustina
Published: April 2020

Pada tulisan ini penulis menjelaskan tentang beberapa hal mengenai Sejarah Pendidikan Indonesia yang dimulai dari masa Kerajaan Hindu Budha, Pendidikan Islam dan Era Kolonialisme. Dengan dimulai fakta yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan telah ada sebelum sistem persekolahan ada seperti pendidikan informal dan pendidikan formal. Kemudian masuk nya budaya asing yang menyebabkan berkembangnya pendidikan yang disertai dengan penyebaran agama melalui sistem pendidikan. Dari adanya budaya yang dibawa oleh Bangsa Eropa tentunya akan menimbulkan dampak sosial seperti pendidikan yang dapat dirasakan oleh semua masyarakat tanpa mengenal sistem kasta hal ini sangat berlaku pada masa pendidikan islam. Karena pada masa sebelumnya yaitu pada masa pendidikan Hindu Budha yang hanya berhak mendapatkan pendidikan adalah para kaum bangsawan saja atau para petinggi kerajaan. tanpa mengenal sistem kasta hal ini sangat berlaku pada masa pendidikan islam.
Challenging Authoritarianism, Colonialism, and Disunity
Authors: Salem Ahmed Ali
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on the dilemmas that al-Afghani and Rida encountered while advocating and working for political reform: Whenever they fought the tyranny of Muslim rulers, they were targeted, and usually defeated, by colonial powers. And once they began to struggle against colonialism and call for Muslim unity, they were victimized and had their plans aborted by authoritarian Muslim rulers. This was a lesson for later Islamic political movements, as they had to identify clearly, and on solid theoretical bases, their target of reform and the real enemy, and prioritize their goals and methods of reform.
Contemporary Islamism
Authors: Cleary Matthew , Glazier Rebecca
Published: April 2020

Islamism proposes a vision of a society united by religion above all else – a vision that the West has difficulty theorizing and even comprehending. This vision and the social movements that have accompanied it are firmly rooted in the Muslim world’s history and traditions. This paper adopts a frame analytic perspective to examine and understand the progression of political Islam from the nationalism of the interwar period and beyond to the radical jihadism of today. In so doing, it contributes to the literature on framing by providing an analytically rich and theoretically valuable example of framing tactics in social movements. It also contributes to the growing literature on political Islam (Islamism) by providing a new and insightful perspective on its emergence and acceptance in the Muslim world.
Intellectualism in Higher Islamic Traditional Studies
Authors: Hashim Rosnani
Published: April 2020

The number of faculties and universities offering Islamic traditional sciences or studies has slowly increased over the past decades. However, the Islamic community has not felt their graduates’ impact other than as teachers or religious personnel. In fact, if the criteria used to assess Islamic education is the growth of a genuine, original, and adequate Islamic thought or intellectualism, then most of these institutions have failed to provide such an education. I examine the goals and curriculum of higher Islamic education and the conditions conducive for the growth of intellectualism. I argue that poor pedagogy, which does not offer teaching methods that encourage critical and ethical thinking, contributed to the state of affairs. Further, I argue that the basic problem is the inadequate conceptualization of knowledge as regards Islamic epistemology in the curriculum and the lack of academic freedom. I assert that the issue of what knowledge is most valuable for today’s intellectual and ethical Muslims has not been resolved and that this affects the curriculum structure and, inevitably, the programs of Islamic traditional sciences. The need to reintroduce Islamic philosophy into the curriculum is one of this article’s major arguments.
The Authentication of Hadith
Authors: Khan Israr Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Muslim scholars deserve appreciation for their invaluable contribution toward preserving the hadith literature’s authenticity. However, much more needs to be done to further strengthen its authenticity. Such great hadith authorities as Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH), Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 AH), al-Darimi (d. 255 AH), al-Bukhari (d. 256 AH), Muslim (d. 261 AH), Ibn Majah (d. 273 AH), Abu Da’ud (d. 275 AH), al-Tirmidhi (d. 279 AH), al-Nasa’I (d. 303 AH), al-Darqutni (d. 385 AH), and al-Bayhaqi (d. 457 AH) did their best to identify original, authentic, and valid versions of the hadiths, mainly through verifying the chain of narrators (sanad). However, they did not check the text (matn) with the same zeal. This remains the case today, even to the extent that scrutinizing the text scrutiny is considered forbidden. While further verification of hadiths is still needed, this “closed door” toward verifying the text’s validity must be opened. The present article represents an attempt to redefine the criteria for checking the texts and then applying these criteria to certain selected hadiths recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Intra-Muslim Conflicts
Authors: Abdussalam Ahmad Shehu
Published: April 2020

The global Muslim community is multi-racial, multi-lingual, and multi-cultural. Over the centuries, religious groups emerged due to historical circumstances, political allegiances, interpretation of texts, cultural influences, and varied theological denominations. In some cases, the resulting intra-group rivalry has led to intra-Muslim conflicts characterized by various levels of violence, conflict, rhetoric, and verbal abuse. This article investigates the linguistic trends related to representing intra-Muslim conflicts, the factors and strategies of utilizing linguistic representation, and the classification of common terms within the context of such conflicts. It also analyzes the implications of certain vocabularies, structures, and discourse styles that represent the positions of opposing groups, perceptions of self and others, and how linguistic representation can help resolve intra-Muslim conflict. I use a pragmatic analysis to search for cultural and religious connotations in samples of common terms employed in the conflicts in question. Although the global Muslim community is multi-lingual, Arabic terms are commonly used in intra-Muslim conflicts. Given this reality, I focus on Arabic terms and present only a few non-Arabic loan words that have been adopted.
Two Souls in Search of an Oasis
Authors: Thasneem Umer O.
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the quest for self and identity in the works of Muhammad Asad and Kamala Das (known as Kamala Surayya after she embraced Islam) from a broadly comparative perspective. The first section discusses this theme in the context of Muhammad Asad’s epochal The Road to Mecca, and the second section focuses on the poems of Kamala Das. I explore how these two authors, belonging to two disparate geographical and cultural milieus, found refuge in Islamic monotheism from the existential crisis that haunts modern humanity.