bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OTURMA POZİSYONUNDA ÇALIŞANLARIN TÜM VÜCUT TİTREŞİMİ MARUZİYETLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİNDE KULLANILAN ISO2631-1, ISO2631-5, BS6841 ve AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ DİREKTİFİ (EU) 2002/44/EC’ nin KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: DOĞAN Tuğba , ERDEM Bülent , DURAN Zekeriya
Published: July 2020

Titreşim kaynaklı
makineler endüstrinin neredeyse tüm çalışma kollarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu
makineleri kullanan çalışanlar titreşim sonucunda el ve kol titreşimi ve tüm vücudu
titreşiminin olumsuz etkisi altında kalarak sağlıksal maruziyetler
yaşamaktadırlar. Titreşim, çalışanları; fiziksel ve psikolojik yönlerden
etkileyebilmekte, meslek hastalıklarının oluşmasına neden olabilmekte, çalışma
performanslarını etkileyerek iş sağlığını ve güvenliğini tehlikeye
sokabilmektedir. Titreşimli araç kullananlarda görülen el-parmak ve dirsek
rahatsızlıkları ile titreşimli zeminde çalışanlardaki bel ve sırt sorunları,
gibi pek çok titreşim kaynaklı rahatsızlık İSGİP tarafından hazırlanan Meslek
Hastalıkları ve İş ile ilgili Hastalıklar Tanı Rehberinde tanımlanarak
sonuçları değerlendirilmektedir. İnsan vücudunun titreşime maruziyetinin ölçümü
ve değerlendirilmesi için en iyi bilinen standartlar BS 6841 (1987) ve ISO
2631-1’dir (1997). AB Fiziksel Ajanlar (Titreşim) Direktifinde ISO 2631’e
atıfta bulunulduğundan, BS 6841'in yerine tercih edilmektedir. ISO 2631-1 ve
ISO 2631-5 uluslararası standartları, tüm vücut titreşimini incelemekte ve ergonomi,  konfor ile sağlık açısından titreşimin
önemini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde ve dünyada titreşimin
insan vücuduna etkisini değerlendirmede kullanılan ulusal ve uluslararası bu standartlar
karşılaştırılmıştır.
THE EFFECT OF CREATIVITY LEARNING MODEL TOWARD LEARNING MOTIVATION AND SCIENCE PROCESSING SKILL OF FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS IN SCIENCE COURSE
Authors: Suardani Kadek , Agustiana I Gusti Ayu Tri , Suwatra Ignatius I Wayan
Published: July 2020

Growing learning motivation and science processing skill are very difficult because of limited learning time at school which result in the application of learning motivation and science processing skill less than optimal. Through application creativity learning model, it is expected to be able to achieve the objectives of this research which is to analyze creativity learning model toward learning motivation and science processing skill. This research classified into quasi-experimental and the design was non-equivalent post-test only control group. All fourth-grade students belonged to the  population, contained 8 classes with 184 students. Technique for sample selection was random sampling and got experimental class with 31 students and control class with 30 students. Research instrument consist of questionnaire and essay test. Manova test was used to analyze the data and continue with LSD test. From the reseach, the result showed the significant effect toward learning motivation and science processing skill that proven by significance score 0.000 that means less than 0.05 then Ho is rejected and based on LSD test, ∆µ was less than LSD.. The findings portrayed learning motivation and science processing skill positively influenced by creativity learning model. Creativity learning model is suitable for dealing with low learning motivation and science processing skills and would be problem solving about learning especially in the use of learning model.
DRYLAND LUCERNE FARMING
Authors: Paterson J.S.
Published: July 2020

"RED COURT" comprises 977 acres, of which 500 acres is very dry undulating-to-rolling country classified as Becks clay loam, probably some of the best soil in the district for dryland farming. There are 200 acres of Wetherburn soil on the high terraces. The Wetherburn soils are flat with a hard pan or "Maori bottom" about 20 in. below the surface. No moisture can be obtained from below, so lucerne on this country is dependent entirely on rainfall. There are 77 acres of creek channel and swamp and 200 acres of medium-to-light flats known as Ranfurly soils; these are good soils on the low terraces above the Wedderburn stream. They are suitable for hay production, and one cut each season could be expected in three seasons out of four.
IMPROVEMENT OF LOW RAINFALL HILL COUNTRY
Authors: Beattie R.I.
Published: July 2020

PATEAROA STATION is situated at the south-east end of the Maniototo plain, and runs from the plains level of 1,200 ft at the homestead to a height of 4,700 ft at the top of the Rock and Pillar range. The station comprises 13,000 acres, 700 acres of which is arable, the balance being hill country. The general aspect is north-west, and the district enjoys the doubtful privilege of running Alexandra a very close race for the distinction of being the driest in New Zealand. Over the last 10 years, the annual rainfall has been 13.63 in. and the 50-year average is just over 14 in. per year.
INTRODUCTION OF LUCERNE INTO ACID SOILS
Authors: White J.G.H.
Published: July 2020

IT IS WELL KNOWN that the key to pasture improvement in the tussock country of the South Island is in the introduction of high-producing legumes. White, red and alsike clovers have been widely used with considerable success. Lucerne, as yet, is much less important, even though it has been shown by Iversen ( 196.5) that on droughty soils it can produce much more dry matter than conventional pastures. One of the main reasons for the lesser use of lucerne is the difficulty in establishing the plant by surface sowing methods, particularly in acid soils. On the high pH brown-grey earths of Central Otago, lucerne can be sod-seeded into scabweed country quite successfully (Ludecke, 1962) and large areas have been sown by this means. On the more acid yellow-grey and yellow-brown earths, however, with denser plant cover, lucerne is commonly established only by conventional methods of cultivation and broadcast liming, even though there is considerable scope for its extended introduction into droughty situations by cheaper means.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF PAYMENT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, SALINA ELIZAVETA
Published: July 2020

1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia The presented research reveals an approach to the construction of a legal mechanism for the functioning of payment systems. The proposed approach is based on the application of the principles of legal regulation. The purpose of a work is to determine the existing legal mechanism for the functioning of payment systems, identify its drawbacks and propose a new approach to legal regulation to ensure the proper functioning of payment systems. The proposed approach to legal regulation takes into account the specifics of the functioning of payment systems, which consists in the presence of three elements in its activities: institutional, procedural and organizational. These elements reflect the subject structure of the payment system, the process of providing money transfer services by them, and the ways in which payment system entities interact during providing payment services. Each of the elements must be defined within the legal framework of the payment system to ensure its proper functioning. The proposed principles of legal regulation take into account the features of these elements, in particular, the principles are classified into three groups, depending on the element they affect. The paper describes ways to implement the principles in the legal mechanism: the possibility of their direct application, depending on the type of significance of the payment system, is analyzed. It is also concluded that the implementation of the principles in the legal mechanism will reduce the regulatory burden on payment systems by using an approach depending on the level of significance of the payment system. The paper defines the role of the principles, which is that the principles allow to eliminate the legal gaps in the legislation on the national payment system, and prevent the emergence of new gaps.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBEBASAN ANAK PUNK STREET
Authors: Siti Nurul Hidayah  , Bela Fariza
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep diri anak punk street dalam mengintrepretasikan antara pendidikan dan kebebasan. Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsep diri anak punk street. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan menggunakan paradigma interpretatif. Pemilihan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa konsep diri anak punk street dalam segi pendidikan adalah hanya bayang-bayang, yang mana adanya keterbatasan ekonomi membuat mereka menghilangkan keinginan untuk melanjutkan pendidikan dan lebih memilih kebebasan hidup dijalan dengan mengamen dan mendapatkan uang. Sedangkan dalam segi kebebasan adalah merupakan kehidupan mereka, kebebasan bagi anak punk street merupakan ideologi mereka sebagai jalan untuk mengenalkan jati diri kepada masyarakat, dengan menggunakan style punk, hidup di jalan, dengan mengamen merupakan kebebasan bagi anak punk street.

Kata kunci: Konsep Diri, Pendidikan, Kebebasan, Anak Punk Street
KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA KELAS X IPS SMA WIJAYA PUTRA SURABAYA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR TIGA VARIABEL DENGAN TEORI POLYA
Authors: Subaidah
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika kelas X IPS SMA Wijaya Putra Surabaya pada materi sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel dengan teori polya.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika siswa kelas X IPS SMA Wijaya Putra Surabaya pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel dengan menggunakan teori polya. Kemampuan memecahkan masalah adalah suatu tindakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah atau proses yang menggunakan kekuatan dan manfaat matematika dalam menyelesaikan masalah, yang juga merupakan metode penemuan solusi melalui tahap-tahap pemecahan masalah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 33 Siswa Kelas X IPS Wijaya Putra Surabaya yang terdiri dari 14 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan. Data diperoleh dari hasil Tes yang sudah dikerjakan oleh siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah  Soal Tes Pemecahan Masalah (TPM ) yang memuat masalah sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel yaitu dengan membuat soal tes berbentuk soal cerita yang telah divalidasi oleh validator lalu diberikan kepada siswa untuk dikerjakan sehingga hasil tes tersebut dapat dianalisis oleh peneliti.Analisis seluruh data dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah: reduksi data, paparan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa dari 3 butir soal cerita yang dikerjakan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel pada kelas X IPS peneliti memperoleh tiga kategori skor yang dicapai oleh siswa kelas  X IPS yaitu kategori mampu, sedang dan kurang. Siswa yang berkategori mampu sebanyak 19, siswa yang berkategori sedang sebanyak  12, dan siswa yang berkategori kurang sebanyak 2. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan siswa kelas X IPS dalam memecahkan masalah matematika yang berbentuk soal cerita tergolong pada kategori mampu.

Kata Kunci: Kemampuan, masalah matematika, Sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel, Teori Polya
On the Well-Posedness of A High Order Convective Cahn-Hilliard Type Equations
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , di Ruvo Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

High order convective Cahn-Hilliard type equations describe the faceting of a growing surface, or the dynamics of phase transitions in ternary oil-water-surfactant systems. In this paper, we prove the well-posedness of the classical solutions for the Cauchy problem, associated with this equation.
Effect of Water Quality and Date Palm Biochar on Evaporation and Specific Hydrological Characteristics of Sandy Soil
Authors: Alkhasha Arafat , Al-Omran Abdulrasoul , Alghamdi Abdulaziz G.
Published: July 2020

Experiments were conducted in a soil laboratory using transparent columns (5 and 40 cm in diameter and length, respectively) to evaluate the effects of water quality (i.e., fresh or saline water) with the addition of biochar on soil moisture characteristics. Soil and biochar were gently combined and added into the top 10 cm of each column at a rate of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w). The results show a decrease in cumulative evaporation by 29.27%, 16.47%, 14.17%, and 14.61% with freshwater, and by 21.24%, 12.22%, 21.08%, and 12.67% with saline water for B1, B2, B3, and B4, respectively, compared with unamended soil (B1, B2, B3 and B4 represent the treatments with the biochar rate of 2, 4, 6, and 8%, respectively). Cumulative infiltration was reduced by 34.38%, 43.37%, 58.89%, and 57.07% with freshwater, and by 30.18%, 44.38%, 54.44%, and 49.11% with saline water for B1, B2, B3, and B4, respectively. The infiltration rate was reduced by 32.73%, 42.17%, 57.82%, and 56.85% with freshwater, and 42.09%, 54.61%, 62.68%, and 58.41% with saline water for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, compared with the control. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of B1 decreased significantly by 92.8% and 67.72% with fresh and saline water, respectively. Biochar, as a soil conditioner, could be used in arid conditions with fresh and saline water to enhance the hydrological properties of sandy soils.
Isolation and Biological Properties of the Natural Flavonoids Pectolinarin and Pectolinarigenin—A Review
Authors: Cheriet Thamere , Ben-Bachir Balkeis , Thamri Oumelkhir , Seghiri Ramdane , Mancini Ines
Published: July 2020

Flavonoids are metabolites widely distributed in plants and commonly present in foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Pectolinarin, which belongs to the flavone subclass, has attracted considerable attention due to its presence in many medicinal plants. It has turned out to be a good biological agent especially due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor activities, evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Its aglycone, the metabolite pectolinarigenin, is also known for a series of biological properties including anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. In the first overview on the two metabolites here presented, their collection, isolation and the results of their biological evaluation are reported.
Optical and Electrochemical Characterization of Nanoporous Alumina Structures: Pore Size, Porosity, and Structure Effect
Authors: Cuevas Ana Laura , González A. Silvia , Vega Víctor , Prida Víctor M. , Benavente Juana
Published: July 2020

Three nanoporous alumina structures (NPASs) obtained by the two-step anodization method were optically and electrochemically characterized. Two of the structures were symmetric (NPAS-Sf and NPAS-Ph) and one was asymmetric (NPAS-And); pore size ranged from 10 nm to 100 nm and porosity was 12% in the case of the symmetrical NPAS and 23% and 30% for each surface of the asymmetric structure NPAS-And(A) and (B), respectively. Optical parameters of the studied samples (refraction index and extinction coefficient) were obtained from ellypsometric spectroscopy measurements carried out for wavelengths ranging between 250 nm and 1700 nm (visible and near infrared regions), with the total average refraction indices being 1.54, 1.52, 1.14, and 1.05 for NPAS-Sf, NPAS-Ph, NPAS-And(A), and NPAS-And(B), respectively, which indicates porosity control of refraction index values. Electrochemical characterizations (concentration potential and impedance spectroscopy measurements) were performed with NaCl solutions, and they allowed us to estimate samples of effective fixed charge concentration (1.22 × 10−2 M, 1.13 × 10−3 M, and 1.15 × 10−3 M), ion transport numbers, permselectivity (33.0%, 3.1%, and 9.6%), and the electrical resistance of each solution/sample system as well as the interfacial effects associated to solution concentration–polarization, which seems to be mainly controlled by pore size and sample symmetry.
GBCNet: In-Field Grape Berries Counting for Yield Estimation by Dilated CNNs
Authors: Coviello Luca , Cristoforetti Marco , Jurman Giuseppe , Furlanello Cesare
Published: July 2020

We introduce here the Grape Berries Counting Net (GBCNet), a tool for accurate fruit yield estimation from smartphone cameras, by adapting Deep Learning algorithms originally developed for crowd counting. We test GBCNet using cross-validation procedure on two original datasets CR1 and CR2 of grape pictures taken in-field before veraison. A total of 35,668 berries have been manually annotated for the task. GBCNet achieves good performances on both the seven grape varieties dataset CR1, although with a different accuracy level depending on the variety, and on the single variety dataset CR2: in particular Mean Average Error (MAE) ranges from 0.85% for Pinot Gris to 11.73% for Marzemino on CR1 and reaches 7.24% on the Teroldego CR2 dataset.
Advances in Translational Nanotechnology: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mohapatra Shyam S. , Frisina Robert D. , Mohapatra Subhra , Sneed Kevin B. , Markoutsa Eleni , Wang Tao , Dutta Rinku , Damnjanovic Ratka , Phan Manh-Huong , Denmark Daniel J. , Biswal Manas R. , McGill Andrew R. , Green Ryan , Howell Mark , Ghosh Payal , Gonzalez Alejandro , Ahmed Nadia Tasnim , Borresen Brittney , Farmer Mitchell , Gaeta Melissa , Sharma Krishna , Bouchard Christen , Gamboni Danielle , Martin Jamie , Tolve Bianca , Singh Mandip , Judy Jack W. , Li Chenzhong , Santra Swadeshmukul , Daunert Sylvia , Zeynaloo Elnaz , Gelfand Ryan M. , Lenhert Steven , McLamore Eric S. , Xiang Dong , Morgan Victoria , Friedersdorf Lisa E. , Lal Ratnesh , Webster Thomas J. , Hoogerheide David P. , Nguyen Thanh Duc , D'Souza Martin J. , Çulha Mustafa , Kondiah Pierre P. D. , Martin Donald K.
Published: July 2020

The burgeoning field of nanotechnology aims to create and deploy nanoscale structures, devices, and systems with novel, size-dependent properties and functions. The nanotechnology revolution has sparked radically new technologies and strategies across all scientific disciplines, with nanotechnology now applied to virtually every area of research and development in the US and globally. NanoFlorida was founded to create a forum for scientific exchange, promote networking among nanoscientists, encourage collaborative research efforts across institutions, forge strong industry-academia partnerships in nanoscience, and showcase the contributions of students and trainees in nanotechnology fields. The 2019 NanoFlorida International Conference expanded this vision to emphasize national and international participation, with a focus on advances made in translating nanotechnology. This review highlights notable research in the areas of engineering especially in optics, photonics and plasmonics and electronics; biomedical devices, nano-biotechnology, nanotherapeutics including both experimental nanotherapies and nanovaccines; nano-diagnostics and -theranostics; nano-enabled drug discovery platforms; tissue engineering, bioprinting, and environmental nanotechnology, as well as challenges and directions for future research.
Finite Element Study of the Effect of Internal Cracks on Surface Profile Change due to Low Loading of Turbine Blade
Authors: Sakamoto Junji , Tada Naoya , Uemori Takeshi , Kuniyasu Hayato
Published: July 2020

Turbine blades for thermal power plants are exposed to severe environments, making it necessary to ensure safety against damage, such as crack formation. A previous method detected internal cracks by applying a small load to a target member. Changes in the surface properties of the material were detected before and after the load using a digital holographic microscope and a digital height correlation method. In this study, this technique was applied in combination with finite element analysis using a 2D and 3D model simulating the turbine blades. Analysis clarified that the change in the surface properties under a small load varied according to the presence or absence of a crack, and elucidated the strain distribution that caused the difference in the change. In addition, analyses of the 2D model considering the material anisotropy and thermal barrier coating were conducted. The difference in the change in the surface properties and strain distribution according to the presence or absence of cracks was elucidated. The difference in the change in the top surface height distribution of the materials with and without a crack was directly proportional to the crack length. As the value was large with respect to the vertical resolution of 0.2 nm of the digital holographic microscope, the change could be detected by the microscope.
A Deep Learning Method for Short-Term Dynamic Positioning Load Forecasting in Maritime Microgrids
Authors: Mehrzadi Mojtaba , Terriche Yacine , Su Chun-Lien , Xie Peilin , Bazmohammadi Najmeh , Costa Matheus N. , Liao Chi-Hsiang , Vasquez Juan C. , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: July 2020

The dynamic positioning (DP) system is a progressive technology, which is used in marine vessels and maritime structures. To keep the ship position from displacement in operation mode, its thrusters are used automatically to control and stabilize the position and heading of vessels. Hence, the DP load forecasting is already an essential part of DP vessels, which the DP power demand from the power management system (PMS) for thrusting depends on weather conditions. Furthermore, the PMS is used to control power generation, and prevent power failure, limitation. To perform station keeping of vessels by DPS in environmental changes such as wind, waves, capacity, and reliability of the power generators. Hence, a lack of power may lead to lower DP performance, loss of power, and position, which is called shutdown. Therefore, precise DP power demand prediction for maintaining the vessel position can provide the PMS with sufficient information for better performance in a complex decision-making process for the DP vessel. In this paper, the concept of deep learning techniques is introduced into DPS for DP load forecasting. A Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm based on a nonlinear recurrent neural network is employed in this paper for predicting thrusters’ power consumption in sea state variations due to challenges in power generation with the relative degree of accuracy by combining weather parameter dependencies as environmental disturbances. The proposed method evaluates with three traditional forecasting methods through a set of practical real-time DP load and weather parametric data. Numerical analysis has shown that with the proposed method, the future DP load behavior can be predicted more accurately than that obtained from the traditional methods, which greatly assists in operation and planning of power system to maintain system stability, security, reliability, and economics.
Monitoring Excess Exposure to Air Pollution for Professional Drivers in London Using Low-Cost Sensors
Authors: Frederickson Louise Bøge , Lim Shanon , Russell Hugo Savill , Kwiatkowski Szymon , Bonomaully James , Schmidt Johan Albrecht , Hertel Ole , Mudway Ian , Barratt Benjamin , Johnson Matthew Stanley
Published: July 2020

In this pilot study, low-cost air pollution sensor nodes were fitted in waste removal trucks, hospital vans and taxis to record drivers’ exposure to air pollution in Central London. Particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), CO 2 , NO 2 , temperature and humidity were recorded in real-time with nodes containing low-cost sensors, an electrochemical gas sensor for NO 2 , an optical particle counter for PM 2.5 and PM 10 and a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor for CO 2 , temperature and relative humidity. An intervention using a pollution filter to trap PM and NO 2 was also evaluated. The measurements were compared with urban background and roadside monitoring stations at Honor Oak Park and Marylebone Road, respectively. The vehicle records show PM and NO 2 concentrations similar to Marylebone Road and a higher NO 2 -to-PM ratio than at Honor Oak Park. Drivers are exposed to elevated pollution levels relative to Honor Oak Park: 1.72 μ g m − 3 , 1.92 μ g m − 3 and 58.38 ppb for PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 , respectively. The CO 2 levels ranged from 410 to over 4000 ppm. There is a significant difference in average concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 between the vehicle types and a non-significant difference in the average concentrations measured with and without the pollution filter within the sectors. In conclusion, drivers face elevated air pollution exposure as part of their jobs.
Ambient Gaseous Pollutants in an Urban Area in South Africa: Levels and Potential Human Health Risk
Authors: Morakinyo Oyewale Mayowa , Mukhola Murembiwa Stanley , Mokgobu Matlou Ingrid
Published: July 2020

Urban air pollution from gaseous pollutants is a growing public health problem in many countries including South Africa. Examining the levels, trends and health risk of exposure to ambient gaseous pollutants will assist in understanding the effectiveness of existing control measures and plan for suitable management strategies. This study determined the concentration levels and non-cancer risk of CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 at an industrial area in Pretoria West, South Africa. We utilised a set of secondary data for CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 that was obtained from a monitoring station. Analysis of the hourly monitored data was done. Their non-cancer risk (HQ) was determined using the human health risk assessment model for different age categories. The annual levels of NO2 (39.442 µg/m3), SO2 (22.464 µg/m3), CO (722.003 µg/m3) and the 8-hour concentration of CO (649.902 µg/m3) and O3 (33.556 µg/m3) did not exceed the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards for each pollutant. The HQ for each pollutant across exposed groups (except children) was less than 1. This indicates that the recorded levels could not pose non-cancer risk to susceptible individuals.
Is Visual Creativity Embodied? Thinking Aloud While Performing the Creative Mental Synthesis Task
Authors: Palmiero Massimiliano , Piccardi Laura
Published: July 2020

Over time, the view that creativity is embodied has emerged. In order to explore if visual creativity is supported by embodied mechanisms, the simulation approach was used as a framework of reference. The idea that visual creativity relies on mental representations that implement motor processes was faced. Participants were instructed to think aloud while carrying out the Creative Mental Synthesis Task, which allows to form pre-inventive structures and interpret them according to a specific category. Two independent judges scored verbal protocols in terms of the number of motor, spatial, and visual thoughts reported during the pre-inventive and inventive phases, and also evaluated the final objects according to originality and appropriateness. Originality was predicted positively by inventive motor thoughts and by pre-inventive spatial thoughts, but negatively by inventive spatial thoughts; appropriateness was only predicted by inventive visual thoughts. These results suggest that actions for future object utilization were simulated while interpreting pre-inventive structures, increasing originality of objects. In addition, spatial transformations are useful to construct the pre-inventive structures, but not to interpret them. Yet, thinking of the pictorial details of the object is also essential to classify it in a given category. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Structure and Surface Morphology Effect on the Cytotoxicity of [Al2O3/ZnO]n/316L SS Nanolaminates Growth by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
Authors: Osorio D. , Lopez J. , Tiznado H. , Farias Mario H. , Hernandez-Landaverde M. A. , Ramirez-Cardona M. , Yañez-Limon J. M. , Gutierrez J. O. , Caicedo J. C. , Zambrano G.
Published: July 2020

Recently, different biomedical applications of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) have been studied, and they have displayed good biocompatible behavior. For this reason, this study explores nanolaminates of [Al2O3/ZnO]n obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on silicon (100) and 316L stainless steel substrates with different bilayer periods: n = 1, 2, 5, and 10. The intention is to correlate the structure, chemical bonds, morphology, and electrochemical properties of ZnO and Al2O3 single layers and [Al2O3/ZnO]n nanolaminates with their cytotoxic and biocompatibility behavior, to establish their viability for biomedical applications in implants based on the 316L SS substrate. These nanolaminates have been characterized by grazing incident X-ray diffraction (XRD), finding diffraction planes for wurtzite type structure from zincite. The chemical bonding and composition for both single layers were identified through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology and roughness were tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed a reduction in roughness and grain size with a bilayer period increase. The thickness of the samples was measured with scanning electron microscopy, and the results confirmed the value of ~210 nm for the nanolaminate samples. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) evidenced an evolution of [Al2O3/ZnO]n/316L system corrosion resistance of around 95% in relation with the uncoated steel substrate as function of the increase in the bilayers number. To identify the biocompatibility behavior of these nanolaminate systems, the lactate dehydrogenase test was performed with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for a short system of life cell evaluation. This test shows the cytotoxicity of the multilayer compared to the single layers of Al2O3, ZnO, and 316L stainless steel. The lowest cytotoxicity was found in the single layers of ZnO, which leads to cell proliferation easier than Al2O3, obtaining better adhesion and anchoring to its surface.
Subacute Changes in N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) Following Ischemic Stroke: A Serial MR Spectroscopy Pilot Study
Authors: Mazibuko Ndaba , Tuura Ruth O’Gorman , Sztriha Laszlo , O’Daly Owen , Barker Gareth J. , Williams Steven C. R. , O'Sullivan Michael , Kalra Lalit
Published: July 2020

Preservation of neuronal tissue is crucial for recovery after stroke, but studies suggest that prolonged neuronal loss occurs following acute ischaemia. This study assessed the temporal pattern of neuronal loss in subacute ischemic stroke patients using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in parallel with functional recovery at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after stroke. Specifically, we measured N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, myoinositol, creatine and lactate concentrations in the ipsilesional and contralesional thalamus of 15 first-ever acute ischaemic stroke patients and 15 control participants and correlated MRS concentrations with motor recovery, measured at 12 weeks using the Fugl–Meyer scale. NAA in the ipsilesional thalamus fell significantly between 2 and 12 weeks (10.0 to 7.97 mmol/L, p = 0.003), while choline, myoinositol and lactate concentrations increased (p = 0.025, p = 0.031, p = 0.001, respectively). Higher NAA concentrations in the ipsilesional thalamus at 2 and 12 weeks correlated with higher Fugl Meyer scores at 12 weeks (p = 0.004 and p = 0.006, respectively). While these results should be considered preliminary given the modest sample size, the progressive fall in NAA and late increases in choline, myoinositol and lactate may indicate progressive non-ischaemic neuronal loss, metabolically depressed neurons and/or diaschisis effects, which have a detrimental effect on motor recovery. Interventions that can potentially limit this ongoing subacute tissue damage may improve stroke recovery.
Electromagnetic Modeling and Thermal Analysis of a Non-Axisymmetric System for Induction Brazing
Authors: Grozdanov Dragomir , Tarnev Khristo , Hinov Nikolay
Published: July 2020

The electromagnetic process happening between an induction brazing coil and the brazing assembly was studied and is described in the following pages. Using the tools of numerical analysis, we managed to achieve 3-D simulation of the process, which includes presentation of the magnetic field, thermal heat transfer, and time dependence. The results presented are considered for two of commonly used materials—copper and stainless steel in the shape of pipes. The induction brazing coil is a complex C-shape to match with the real industrial practices. The results obtained from the model are in accordance with the experimental results, as in both the model and the experiment, the required temperature was reached in about 6 s. It was found that during the brazing process, the inductance of the winding increases by about 4 nH and the resistance by 1.5 mΩ, which is important for the coordination of the power supply.
Infiltrated Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-Based Electrodes as Anodes in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Majnoni d’Intignano Xavier , Cademartori Davide , Clematis Davide , Presto Sabrina , Viviani Massimo , Botter Rodolfo , Barbucci Antonio , Cerisola Giacomo , Caboche Gilles , Carpanese M. Paola
Published: July 2020

In the last decades, several works have been carried out on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technologies, as they are powerful and efficient devices for energy conversion and electrochemical storage. By increasing use of renewable sources, a discontinuous amount of electricity is indeed released, and reliable storage systems represent the key feature in such a future energy scenario. In this context, systems based on reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs) are gaining increasing attention. An rSOC is an electrochemical device that can operate sequentially between discharging (SOFC mode) and charging (SOEC mode); then, it is essential the electrodes are able to guarantee high catalytic activity, both in oxidation and reduction conditions. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) has been widely recognized as one of the most promising electrode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in SOFC technology because of its astonishing content of oxygen vacancies, even at room temperature. The purpose of this study is the development of BSCF to be used as anode material in electrolysis mode, maintaining enhanced energy and power density. Impregnation with a La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) discrete nanolayer is applied to pursue structural stability, resulting in a long lifetime reliability. Impedance spectroscopy measurements under anodic overpotential conditions are run to test BSCF and LSM-BSCF activity as the electrode in oxidation mode. The observed results suggest that BSCF is a very promising candidate as an oxygen electrode in rSOC systems.
Experimental and Model Study on Raw Biomass Gasification Syngas Conditioning in a Molten NaOH-Na2CO3 Mixture
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Liu Anqi , Zhao Zengli , Li Haibin
Published: July 2020

Raw syngas conditioning using molten salts was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of the reaction conditions, including temperature, gas velocity, bubble diameter, molten salt static liquid heights, and inlet gas composition, on the composition of the syngas product and the properties of the spent molten salts were investigated. The molten salt absorbed CO2 in all of the experiments (at temperatures from 350 °C to 500 °C) and decreased its concentration down to 1%. The H2/CO increased from 0.94 to a maximum of 11.0, which may meet most of the synthetic process’ requirements. The temperature, gas velocity, and molten salt static liquid heights had significant effects on the H2 and CO concentrations in the gas product. Molten salt raw syngas conditioning can be a suitable follow-up procedure for gasification and pyrolysis.
Fast Design Procedure for Turboexpanders in Pressure Energy Recovery Applications
Authors: Morgese Gaetano , Fornarelli Francesco , Oresta Paolo , Capurso Tommaso , Stefanizzi Michele , Camporeale Sergio M. , Torresi Marco
Published: July 2020

Sustainable development can no longer neglect the growth of those technologies that look at the recovery of any energy waste in industrial processes. For example, in almost every industrial plant it happens that pressure energy is wasted in throttling devices for pressure and flow control needs. Clearly, the recovery of this wasted energy can be considered as an opportunity to reach not only a higher plant energy efficiency, but also the reduction of the plant Operating Expenditures (OpEx). In recent years, it is getting common to replace throttling valves with turbine-based systems (tuboexpander) thus getting both the pressure control and the energy recovery, for instance, producing electricity. However, the wide range of possible operating conditions, technical requirements and design constrains determine highly customized constructions of these turboexpanders. Furthermore, manufacturers are interested in tools enabling them to rapidly get the design of their products. For these reasons, in this work we propose an optimization design procedure, which is able to rapidly come to the design of the turboexpander taking into account all the fluid dynamic and technical requirements, considering the already obtained achievements of the scientific community in terms of theory, experiments and numeric. In order to validate the proposed methodology, the case of a single stage axial impulse turbine is considered. However, the methodology extension to other turbomachines is straightforward. Specifically, the design requirements were expressed in terms of maximum allowable expansion ratio and flow coefficient, while achieving at least a minimum assigned value of the turbine loading factor. Actually, it is an iterative procedure, carried out up to convergence, made of the following steps: (i) the different loss coefficients in the turbine are set-up in order to estimate its main geometric parameters by means of a one dimensional (1D) study; (ii) the 2D blade profiles are designed by means of an optimization algorithm based on a “viscous/inviscid interaction” technique; (iii) 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations are then carried out and the loss coefficients are computed and updated. Regarding the CFD simulations, a preliminary model assessment has been performed against a reference case, chosen in the literature. The above-mentioned procedure is implemented in such a way to speed up the convergence, coupling analytical integral models of the 1D/2D approach with accurate local solutions of the finite-volume 3D approach. The method is shown to be able to achieve consistent results, allowing the determination of a turbine design respectful of the requirements more than doubling the minimum required loading factor.
Optimal Power Flow Management System for a Power Network with Stochastic Renewable Energy Resources Using Golden Ratio Optimization Method
Authors: Nusair Khaled , Alasali Feras
Published: July 2020

An optimal operation system is a potential solution to increase the energy efficiency of a power network equipped with stochastic Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In this article, an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem has been formulated as a single and multi-objective problems for a conventional power generation and renewable sources connected to a power network. The objective functions reflect the minimization of fuel cost, gas emission, power loss, voltage deviation and improving the system stability. Considering the volatile renewable generation behaviour and uncertainty in the power prediction of wind and solar power output as a nonlinear optimization problem, this paper uses a Weibull and lognormal probability distribution functions to estimate the power output of renewable generation. Then, a new Golden Ratio Optimization Method (GROM) algorithm has been developed to solve the OPF problem for a power network incorporating with stochastic RES. The proposed GROM algorithm aims to improve the reliability, environmental and energy performance of the power network system (IEEE 30-bus system). Three different scenarios, using different RES locations, are presented and the results of the proposed GROM algorithm is compared to six heuristic search methods from the literature. The comparisons indicate that the GROM algorithm successfully reduce fuel costs, gas emission and improve the voltage stability and outperforms each of the presented six heuristic search methods.
Recloser-Based Decentralized Control of the Grid with Distributed Generation in the Lahsh District of the Rasht Grid in Tajikistan, Central Asia
Authors: Ghulomzoda Anvari , Gulakhmadov Aminjon , Fishov Alexander , Safaraliev Murodbek , Chen Xi , Rasulzoda Khusrav , Gulyamov Kamol , Ahyoev Javod
Published: July 2020

Small-scale power generation based on renewable energy sources is gaining popularity in distribution grids, creating new challenges for power system control. At the same time, remote consumers with their own small-scale generation still have low reliability of power supply and poor power quality, due to the lack of proper technology for grid control when the main power supply is lost. Today, there is a global trend in the transition from a power supply with centralized control to a decentralized one, which has led to the Microgrid concept. A microgrid is an intelligent automated system that can reconfigure by itself, maintain the power balance, and distribute power flows. The main purpose of this paper is to study the method of control using reclosers in the Lahsh district of the Rasht grid in Tajikistan with distributed small generation. Based on modified reclosers, a method of decentralized synchronization and restoration of the grid normal operation after the loss of the main power source was proposed. In order to assess the stable operation of small hydropower plants under disturbances, the transients caused by proactive automatic islanding (PAI) and restoration of the interconnection between the microgrid and the main grid are shown. Rustab software, as one of the multifunctional software applications in the field of power systems transients study, was used for simulation purposes. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that under disturbances, the proposed method had a positive effect on the stability of small hydropower plants, which are owned and dispatched by the Rasht grid. Moreover, the proposed method sufficiently ensures the quality of the supplied power and improves the reliability of power supply in the Lahsh district of Tajikistan.
Are Sub-National Agreements for Carbon Abatement Effective?
Authors: Iverson Terrence W. , Burgess Joanne C. , Barbier Edward B.
Published: July 2020

Although national commitments to the Paris Climate Accord have waned, carbon mitigation by sub-national entities is on the rise globally. We examine the effectiveness of sub-national jurisdictions (e.g., states, provinces, cities) in collectively enacting greenhouse gas abatement strategies. We develop a simple model to explore the conditions under which an agreement among sub-national jurisdictions within a country may lead to substantial carbon abatement relative to a national policy determined through majority rule. We find that, in the absence of a functional national policy response, a coordinated sub-national agreement can generate meaningful abatement. This could form an important stopgap measure in the absence of better alternatives.
Vitex agnus-castus L.: Main Features and Nutraceutical Perspectives
Authors: Souto Eliana B. , Durazzo Alessandra , Nazhand Amirhossein , Lucarini Massimo , Zaccardelli Massimo , Souto Selma B. , Silva Amelia M. , Severino Patricia , Novellino Ettore , Santini Antonello
Published: July 2020

Medicinal plants are used worldwide due to their lower risk of side effects and eco-friendly, cost-effective production when compared to chemical drugs, encouraging researchers to further exploit the therapeutic potential of the former. One of the most popular medicinal plants is Vitex agnus-castus L., grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions, to which different health benefits have already been attributed. In this perspective article, the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic properties of V. agnus-castus L. have been analyzed and reviewed with a special focus on its health-promoting effects and potential nutraceutical applications.
Specific Dimensional Change Behavior of Laminated Beech Veneer Lumber (BauBuche) in Terms of Moisture Absorption and Desorption
Authors: T. Benthien Jan , Riegler Martin , Engehausen Nick , Nopens Martin
Published: July 2020

Replacing greenhouse gas-intensive building materials with wood products from sustainable forestry contributes to the implementation of current climate conventions such as the Paris Agreement. Hardwood products, such as laminated veneer lumber made of beech (e.g., BauBuche), are an alternative to conventional building materials. For the application of wood products in the construction sector, a precise knowledge of the mechanical and physical properties is essential. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the sorption behavior and associated dimensional changes of the product BauBuche. This was done by applying a manual testing procedure (climatic chamber, balance and caliper) as well as a dynamic vapor sorption analyzer equipped with a camera. During initial moistening after production, due to the irreversible spring back (approximately 2 mm at 50 mm; i.e., 4%), Baubuche shows an extremely strong swelling in the radial direction. Once the maximum spring back is reached, Baubuche shows sorption behavior in the radial and tangential direction, which is comparable to that of solid beech wood in the radial direction. Consequently, the dimensional changes caused by moisture changes must be taken into account in the dimensioning of Baubuche components in order to avoid damage to building structures.
The Application of Single-Cell Ingredients in Aquaculture Feeds—A Review
Authors: Glencross Brett D. , Huyben David , Schrama Johan W.
Published: July 2020

Single-cell ingredients (SCI) are a relatively broad class of materials that encompasses bacterial, fungal (yeast), microalgal-derived products or the combination of all three microbial groups into microbial bioflocs and aggregates. In this review we focus on those dried and processed single-cell organisms used as potential ingredients for aqua-feeds where the microorganisms are considered non-viable and are used primarily to provide protein, lipids or specific nutritional components. Among the SCI, there is a generalised dichotomy in terms of their use as either single-cell protein (SCP) resources or single-cell oil (SCO) resources, with SCO products being those oleaginous products containing 200 g/kg or more of lipids, whereas those products considered as SCP resources tend to contain more than 300 g/kg of protein (on a dry basis). Both SCP and SCO are now widely being used as protein/amino acid sources, omega-3 sources and sources of bioactive molecules in the diets of several species, with the current range of both these ingredient groups being considerable and growing. However, the different array of products becoming available in the market, how they are produced and processed has also resulted in different nutritional qualities in those products. In assessing this variation among the products and the application of the various types of SCI, we have taken the approach of evaluating their use against a set of standardised evaluation criteria based around key nutritional response parameters and how these criteria have been applied against salmonids, shrimp, tilapia and marine fish species.