bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A thermodynamic model for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with recompression valve events and direct injection: Part I — Adiabatic core ignition model
Authors: Shingne Prasad S , Middleton Robert J , Assanis Dennis N , Borgnakke Claus , Martz Jason B
Published: November 2016

This two-part article presents a model for boosted and moderately stratified homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion for use in thermodynamic engine cycle simulations. The model consists of two components: one an ignition model for the prediction of auto-ignition onset and the other an empirical combustion rate model. This article focuses on the development and validation of the homogeneous charge compression ignition model for use under a broad range of operating conditions. Using computational fluid dynamics simulations of the negative valve overlap valve events typical of homogeneous charge compression ignition operation, it is shown that there is no noticeable reaction progress from low-temperature heat release, and that ignition is within the high-temperature regime ( T > 1000 K), starting within the highest temperature cells of the computational fluid dynamics domain. Additional parametric sweeps from the computational fluid dynamics simulations, including sweeps of speed, load, intake manifold pressures and temperature, dilution level and valve and direct injection timings, showed that the assumption of a homogeneous charge (equivalence ratio and residuals) is appropriate for ignition modelling under the conditions studied, considering the strong sensitivity of ignition timing to temperature and its weak compositional dependence. Use of the adiabatic core temperature predicted from the adiabatic core model resulted in temperatures within ±1% of the peak temperatures of the computational fluid dynamics domain near the time of ignition. Thus, the adiabatic core temperature can be used within an auto-ignition integral as a simple and effective method for estimating the onset of homogeneous charge compression ignition auto-ignition. The ignition model is then validated with an experimental 92.6 anti-knock index gasoline-fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition dataset consisting of 290 data points covering a wide range of operating conditions. The tuned ignition model predictions of [Formula: see text] have a root mean square error of 1.7° crank angle and R2 = 0.63 compared to the experiments.
Silver Sulfadiazine–Impregnated Hydrocolloid Dressing Is Beneficial in Split-Thickness Skin-Graft Donor Wound Healing in a Small Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Akita Sadanori , Yoshimoto Hiroshi , Tanaka Katsuya , Oishi Masao , Senju Chikako , Mawatari Seiji , Takahara Eisaku , Suzuki Sizuka , Hayashida Kenji
Published: November 2016

Donor-site wound healing was tested with a silver sulfadiazine (SSD)-impregnated hydrocolloid dressing and hydrocolloid dressing applied manually by a physician on site. A total of 14 patients, 5 woman and 9 men (23-89 years old, average = 61.6 ± 18.70 years), were enrolled in this prospective controlled study. The degree of bleeding was significantly less with the SSD-impregnated than with the hydrocolloid dressing (P < .01). In the moisture meter analysis, the values of the effective contact coefficient and corneal thickness were significantly smaller with the SSD-impregnated dressing (P < .05). In the color analysis, the clarity was significantly lower with the hydrocolloid dressing after 3 months than that of intact neighboring skin (P < .01). Regarding red-green color, SSD-impregnated and hydrocolloid values were significantly greater than the intact skin value immediately after and at 3 months, and the hydrocolloid value was significantly greater than intact at 6 months (P < .01 immediately; P < .01 at 3 months and intact at 6 months) in redness. Regarding yellow-blue color, the hydrocolloid value was significantly lower than the intact skin value at 3 months (P < .05 and intact) in yellow. The extensibility was significantly lower with the hydrocolloid dressing than in intact skin immediately (P < .01), and viscoelasticity was significantly lower with the hydrocolloid dressing than in intact skin immediately and after 3 and 6 months (P < .01 immediately and at 6 months and P < .05 at 3 months). The SSD-impregnated hydrocolloid dressing led to superior wound healing, decreased the degree of bleeding, and demonstrated better corneal barrier function, clarity, color matching, and viscoelasticity in split-thickness donors.
A Certified Health Physicist’s Reflections on a 40-Year Career in Radiation Protection
Authors: Miller Mark L.
Published: November 2016

This is a reflection from a certified health physicist regarding his becoming aware, during his 40-year career, that the linear no-threshold (LNT) model and the associated As Low As Reasonably Achievable concept have no scientific basis and make no positive contribution to radiation safety. They should be replaced by an alternative, scientifically based model that includes a threshold, below which there is no harm, and recognition of hormesis and the adaptive response, which reflect the benefits of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure. Continued use of the unscientific LNT model is not conservative, as most regulators complacently claim but actually harmful. Examples of these harmful impacts in the areas of nuclear power, nuclear medicine, and environmental management are included.
The role of governing bodies in the management of financial resources in South African no-fee public schools
Authors: Mestry Raj
Published: November 2016

The National Norms and Standards for School Funding policy was adopted by the government to address equity in South African public schools. This pro-poor funding policy compels the state to progressively fund schools based on a quintile ranking system. Schools lacking in infrastructure, physical and financial resources and usually located within poor socio-economic environments are ranked quintiles 1 and 2. These schools are referred to as no-fee schools and are provided with far more state funding than well-resourced schools, ranked quintiles 4 and 5. More recently, quintile 3 schools, serving middle-of-the-range communities, have also been declared no-fee schools. Most of the school governing bodies and principals serving no-fee schools experience numerous challenges in effectively managing their schools’ funds. Using a quantitative research approach, the study aimed to determine the views of teachers and school management team members of how no-fee schools manage the funds received from the state and other fundraising initiatives. The findings revealed that governing bodies of no-fee schools lacked the necessary financial and entrepreneurial skills and, therefore, experienced great difficulty in preparing budgets and cash flow projection statements that could enable them to effectively manage the schools’ funds.
Embodied victims: An archaeology of the ‘ideal victim’ of restorative justice
Authors: Maglione Giuseppe
Published: November 2016

This article seeks to provide a historical-critical framework to reconstruct and discuss how the crime victim is portrayed within theoretical literature, policy and legal documents on restorative justice, with an emphasis on England and Wales. It first centres on a description of the most deep-rooted and wide-ranging discourses on the victim’s characteristics within restorative justice. Once these features have been organized into an ‘ideal’ model, the article traces the conditions which fed into its development, that is, the cultural context within which this model has emerged. The overall goal is not to test the ‘ideal victim’ within restorative justice, but rather to explore how this methodological tool, within a historical and critical approach, might help to shed light on some taken-for-granted assumptions of restorative justice and their legal, policy and practical implications, thus contributing to the critical assessment of this acclaimed “new frontier” of contemporary penality.
Novel augmentation by bufalin of protein kinase C-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-8 production in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Chen Hsiao-Ting , Sun David , Peng Yen-Chun , Kao Pu-Hong , Wu Yuh-Lin
Published: November 2016

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IL-8 are two inflammatory mediators induced by protein kinase C (PKC) via various stimuli. Both contribute significantly to cancer progression. Bufalin, a major active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Chan Su, is known to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. This study clarifies the role and mechanism of bufalin action during PKC regulation of COX-2/IL-8 expression and investigates the associated impact on breast cancer. Using MB-231 breast cancer cells, bufalin augments PKC induction of COX-2/IL-8 at both the protein and mRNA levels, and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and IL-8. The MAPK and NF-κB pathways are involved in both the PKC-mediated and bufalin-promoted PKC regulation of COX-2/IL-8 production. Bufalin increases PKC-induced MAPKs phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. PGE2 stimulates the proliferation/migration of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, PKC-induced matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression is enhanced by bufalin. Bufalin significantly enhances breast cancer xenograft growth, which is accompanied by an elevation in COX-2/IL-8 expression. In conclusion, bufalin seems to promote the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo, and this occurs, at least in part, by targeting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, which then enhances the growth of breast cancer cells.
Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments
Authors: Le Hai V. , Lee Stella J. , Nazarian Ara , Rodriguez Edward K.
Published: November 2016

Adhesive shoulder capsulitis, or arthrofibrosis, describes a pathological process in which the body forms excessive scar tissue or adhesions across the glenohumeral joint, leading to pain, stiffness and dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that can occur spontaneously (primary or idiopathic adhesive capsulitis) or following shoulder surgery or trauma (secondary adhesive capsulitis). Here, we review the pathophysiology of adhesive shoulder capsulitis, highlighting its clinical presentation, natural history, risk factors, pathoanatomy and pathogenesis. Both current non-operative and operative treatments for adhesive capsulitis are described, and evidence-based studies are presented in support for or against each corresponding treatment. Finally, the review also provides an update on the gene expression profile of adhesive capsulitis and how this new understanding can help facilitate development of novel pharmacological therapies.
Media, legal and young people’s discourses around sexting
Authors: McGovern Alyce , Crofts Thomas , Lee Murray , Milivojevic Sanja
Published: November 2016

The term sexting has come to be associated with media, political and public concern over young people’s involvement in the sending and/or receiving of nude or semi-nude images and/or videos of one another. Public discourses around sexting have framed the practice as problematic, reflecting long-held – and often very real – anxieties over young people and their sexuality. Of particular focus in relation to sexting have been the risks and harms associated with the practice and current or potential legal responses. Missing from much of this public discourse, however, have been the voices of young people themselves. In order to bring young people’s voices into the discourse, this article draws on research conducted with young people, as well as extensive legal and media analysis of sexting by young people. It contrasts these popular and legal discourses around sexting with the discourses of young people themselves, exploring the ways in which they understand and perceive sexting and how these perceptions converge with and diverge from dominant discourses. In this way, the article demonstrates the fundamental discord between such discourses, indicating the need to rethink legal responses to sexting between young people.
Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke Promotes Burn Wound Healing
Authors: Tarawan Vita Murniati , Mantilidewi Kemala Isnainiasih , Dhini Ika Miqra , Radhiyanti Putri Teesa , Sutedja Endang
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate burn wound healing activity of coconut shell liquid smoke (CS-LS) in a burn wound animal model. Burn wound–induced mice were treated with CS-LS (CS-LS group), povidone iodine 10% (povidone group), or NaCl 0.9% (NaCl group). Application of CS-LS promoted wound contraction compared to that of the povidone and NaCl groups ( P < .05). This study showed a positive correlation between the number of fibroblasts and wound contraction. The number of fibroblasts was highest in the CS-LS group, compared to that of the povidone and NaCl groups ( P < .05). In conclusion, CS-LS promotes burn wound healing by one possible mechanism, by increasing the number of fibroblasts. The results indicate that further experimental trials are needed to develop CS-LS as an alternative topical drug for burn wound healing.
A critical review of sociological dialogue between China and the West
Authors: Lin Zeng , Palmer James C.
Published: November 2016

This paper promotes sociological dialogue between China and the West in the wake of China’s recent economic growth. The roots of this dialogue in the history of relations between China and the West, as well as in the history of sociology as an academic discipline, are discussed. So too are new developments, such as the communication revolution, which not only enhance opportunities for sociological dialogue but also contribute to the urgent need for dialogue as world tensions escalate. Sociological dialogue, because of its grounding in the methods and systemic focus of sociology as a discipline, has a great potential to be a positive force in increasing international understanding.
A subset of virus-specific CD161+ T cells selectively express the multidrug transporter MDR1 and are resistant to chemotherapy in AML
Authors: Alsuliman Abdullah , Muftuoglu Muharrem , Khoder Ahmad , Ahn Yong-Oon , Basar Rafet , Verneris Michael R. , Muranski Pawel , Barrett A. John , Liu Enli , Li Li , Stringaris Kate , Armstrong-James Darius , Shaim Hila , Kondo Kayo , Imahashi Nobuhiko , Andersson Borje , Marin David , Champlin Richard E. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Rezvani Katayoun
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Human CD4+CD161+ T cells display unique properties including MDR1-mediated drug efflux capacity and quiescence. CD4+CD161+ T cells are enriched within the long-lived viral-specific Th1 memory repertoire in humans.
Large scale analysis of amino acid substitutions in bacterial proteomics
Authors: Ischenko Dmitry , Alexeev Dmitry , Shitikov Egor , Kanygina Alexandra , Malakhova Maja , Kostryukova Elena , Larin Andrey , Kovalchuk Sergey , Pobeguts Olga , Butenko Ivan , Anikanov Nikolay , Altukhov Ilya , Ilina Elena , Govorun Vadim
Published: November 2016

Background

Proteomics of bacterial pathogens is a developing field exploring microbial physiology, gene expression and the complex interactions between bacteria and their hosts. One of the complications in proteomic approach is micro- and macro-heterogeneity of bacterial species, which makes it impossible to build a comprehensive database of bacterial genomes for identification, while most of the existing algorithms rely largely on genomic data.

Results

Here we present a large scale study of identification of single amino acid polymorphisms between bacterial strains. An ad hoc method was developed based on MS/MS spectra comparison without the support of a genomic database. Whole-genome sequencing was used to validate the accuracy of polymorphism detection. Several approaches presented earlier to the proteomics community as useful for polymorphism detection were tested on isolates of Helicobacter pylori, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Escherichia coli.

Conclusion

The developed method represents a perspective approach in the field of bacterial proteomics allowing to identify hundreds of peptides with novel SAPs from a single proteome.
Harmonic scalpel impact on blood loss and operating time in major head and neck surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fritz Dieter K. , Matthews T. Wayne , Chandarana Shamir P. , Nakoneshny Steven C. , Dort Joseph C.
Published: November 2016

Background

Long operating time and high blood loss contribute to post-surgical morbidity. Therefore, strategies to reduce these factors should to be tested using robust methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of using the harmonic scalpel on operating time and blood loss in patients undergoing resection for advanced oral cancer (OSCC).

Methods

Thirty-six adult head and neck cancer patients with advanced OSCC requiring primary tumor resection with uni- or bi- lateral selective neck dissection from July 2012 to September 2014 were randomized to either the control group (traditional surgery) or the experimental group (harmonic surgery). Patients older than 18 years who were able to provide informed consent were eligible. Primary outcomes of interest were: intraoperative blood loss (mL) and operative time (minutes) for the ablative part of the surgery.

Results

Mean blood loss in the experimental group was 260 mL versus 403 mL in the control group ( p = 0.08). Mean operative time was 140 min in the experimental group and 159 min in the control group ( p = 0.2).

Conclusions

In this randomized controlled trial, use of the harmonic scalpel did not effect intraoperative blood loss or OR time in patients undergoing surgery for advanced OSCC.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02017834 .
Transient reduction in IgA+ and IgG+ memory B cell numbers in young EBV-seropositive children: the Generation R Study
Authors: van den Heuvel Diana , Jansen Michelle A E , Bell Andrew I , Rickinson Alan B , Jaddoe Vincent W V , van Dongen Jacques J M , Moll Henriette A , van Zelm Menno C
Published: November 2016

The EBV is known to persist in memory B cells, but it remains unclear how this affects cell numbers and humoral immunity. We here studied EBV persistence in memory B cell subsets and consequences on B cell memory in young children. EBV genome loads were quantified in 6 memory B cell subsets in EBV+ adults. The effects of EBV infection on memory B cell numbers and vaccination responses were studied longitudinally in children within the Generation R population cohort between 14 mo and 6 yr of age. EBV genomes were more numerous in CD27+IgG+, CD27+IgA+, and CD27−IgA+ memory B cells than in IgM-only, natural effector, and CD27−IgG+ B cells. The blood counts of IgM-only, CD27+IgA+, CD27−IgG+, and CD27+IgG+ memory B cells were significantly lower in EBV+ children than in uninfected controls at 14 mo of age—the age when these cells peak in numbers. At 6 yr, all of these memory B cell counts had normalized, as had plasma IgG levels to previous primary measles and booster tetanus vaccinations. In conclusion, EBV persists predominantly in Ig class-switched memory B cells, even when derived from T cell-independent responses (CD27−IgA+), and EBV infection results in a transient depletion of these cells in young children.
A combined time-frequency filtering strategy for Q-factor compensation of poststack seismic data
Authors: Lupinacci Wagner Moreira , Peixoto de Franco Allan , Oliveira Sérgio Adriano Moura , Sergio de Moraes Fernando
Published: November 2016

Attenuation is one of the main factors responsible for limiting resolution of the seismic method. It selectively damps the higher frequency components of the signal more strongly, causing the earth to work as a low-pass filter. This loss of high-frequency energy may be partially compensated by application of inverse [Formula: see text] filtering routines. However, such routines often increase the noise level of the data, thereby restricting their use. These filters also require a quality factor profile as an input parameter, which is rarely available. In recent years, alternative methods for stable inverse [Formula: see text] filtering have been presented in the literature, which makes it possible to correct the attenuation without introducing so much noise. In addition, new methods have been proposed to estimate the quality factor from seismic reflection data. We have developed a three-stage workflow oriented for attenuation correction in stacked sections. In the first stage, a trace-by-trace estimate of the quality factor is performed along the section. The second stage consists of preparing the data for attenuation compensation, which is performed via a special filtering strategy for efficient noise removal to avoid high-frequency noise bursts. The last stage is the application of a stable inverse [Formula: see text] filtering. As an example, we applied the proposed flow in a seismic section to compensate for the attenuation caused by shallow gas accumulation. Careful data preparation proved to be a key factor in achieving successful attenuation compensation.
An improved cylindrical surface fitting-related method for fault characterization
Authors: Yu Jingbo , Li Zhong
Published: November 2016

On the basis of the similarity of seismic waveforms and shapes of the reflectors, the coherence and curvature attributes can be derived, respectively, to characterize faults. Coherence is effective for characterizing relatively large faults. When the distortion of seismic waveforms at a fault is not obvious, the curvature attribute may play a complementary role in detecting the fault. According to geometric features of the faulted strata, the rate of change of curvature has recently been developed to improve fault characterization. Through an application to the real seismic data from the western Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin, China, it was demonstrated that curvature change rate has advantages in detecting subtle faults having quite small throws and heaves. However, when the dip angle of a faulted stratum is smaller than 45°, the curvature change rate derived from its fitted surface has multiple extreme values associated with one fault plane, which cause a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of a computation result for the multiple extrema interfering with each other. To overcome this shortcoming, we first implement a rotation and stretching transformations of the seismic samples and then fit a cylindrical surface to the transformed samples. The curvature change rate of the directrix of the cylindrical surface is used to characterize faults. Through its application to 3D seismic data from the western Tazhong area in the Tarim Basin, the result indicates that in comparison with the previous curvature change rate, the new method significantly improves the S/N of the calculated result.
Time-lapse inverse theory with applications
Authors: Maharramov Musa , Biondi Biondo L. , Meadows Mark A.
Published: November 2016

Compaction in the reservoir overburden can impact production facilities and lead to a significant risk of well-bore failures. Prevalent practices of time-lapse seismic processing of 4D data above compacting reservoirs rely on picking time displacements and converting them into estimated velocity changes and subsurface deformation. This approach relies on prior data equalization and requires a significant amount of manual interpretation and quality control. We have developed methods for automatic detection of production-induced subsurface velocity changes from seismic data. We have evaluated a time-lapse inversion technique based on a simultaneous regularized full-waveform inversion (FWI) of multiple surveys. In our approach, baseline and monitor surveys are inverted simultaneously with a model-difference regularization penalizing nonphysical differences in the inverted models that are due to survey or computational repeatability issues. The primary focus of our work was the inversion of long-wavelength “blocky” changes in the subsurface model, and this was achieved using a phase-only FWI with a total-variation model-difference regularization. However, we have developed a multiscale extension of our method for recovering long- and short-wavelength production effects. We have developed a theoretical foundation of our method and analyzed its sensitivity to a realistic 1%–2% velocity deformation. The method was applied in a study of overburden dilation above the Gulf of Mexico Genesis field and recovered blocky negative-velocity anomalies above compacting reservoirs.
Imagens turísticas do Rio de Janeiro: memória, representação, identidade e sedução
Authors: Perrott Isabella
Published: November 2016

Imagens participam da construção de identidades, imaginários e memórias. Desde que viajantes foram se transformando em turistas, a imagem funcionou tanto como representação e divulgação de lugares desconhecidos, quanto como memória para as experiências vivenciadas na viagem. Este artigo analisa imagens que participaram da construção do Rio de Janeiro como destino turístico, na passagem do século 19 para o 20. Especificamente, nos anúncios de hotelaria e nos postais da região portuária.
Ditadura militar e resistência legal: as memórias de Mércia Albuquerque através do seu diário (1973)
Authors: Silva Angela Moreira Domingues da
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho reflete sobre as possibilidades e desafios da educação histórica em museus, especificamente em relação ao Museu Mariano Procópio (Juiz de Fora- MG), cujo acervo e cenário contribuíram para a elaboração de um material pedagógico destinado ao público infantil, realizado a partir dos diálogos entre as áreas da História, da educação e da museologia. Mapeamos, assim, as principais questões dos pesquisadores sobre educação em museus e apontamos pressupostos de educação histórica. Por fim, apresentamos o processo de produção do material pedagógico, composto pelo livreto sobre o museu, pelas pranchas pedagógicas sobre seu acervo e pelas fichas de consulta.
Entrevista com Fernando Rosas
Authors: Conde Ana Paula
Published: November 2016

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Entrevista com Célio Turino
Authors: Portilho Aline
Published: November 2016

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Acordos firmados e estratégias debatidas: a troca de telegramas entre os interventores do Norte e o Governo Provisório durante a Guerra de 1932
Authors: Lopes Raimundo Helio
Published: November 2016

O artigo analisa a troca de telegramas entre os interventores do Norte e o Governo Provisório durante a Guerra de 1932, mais conhecida como “Revolução Constitucionalista”. Inicialmente, busco investigar a trajetória política e militar desses interventores, as suas relações com o movimento de 1930 que levou Getúlio Vargas ao poder, e as suas nomeações nas Interventorias nortistas. Em seguida, analiso, a partir dos telegramas, como eles se posicionaram diante da guerra, a formação de tropas enviadas para a luta e os diálogos com o presidente da República, assim como as estratégias adotas por esses líderes para defender o Governo Provisório.
Algumas estórias esquecidas pela história: gênese intelectual, relações com o poder e esquecimento na trajetória de Luís da Câmara Cascudo
Authors: Souto Carlos Magno dos Santos
Published: November 2016

Neste artigo procuramos analisar algumas questões referentes à formação intelectual do folclorista potiguar Luís da Câmara Cascudo que tendem a ser esquecidas por alguns estudiosos de sua vida e obra, como por exemplo, suas relações com o poder político e sua participação no movimento integralista brasileiro, revelando algumas de suas facetas menos conhecidas. Com este intuito, nos debruçamos sobre parte do vasto material produzido sobre o autor, composto por biografias, autobiografias, crônicas, correspondências etc., tentando realçar exatamente o que foi escamoteado nestes escritos. Daí emerge um intelectual enredado na teia do poder e que constrói sua biografia esquecendo determinados fatos.
Entrevista com Luciana Quillet Heymann
Authors: Nunes Helen , Cruz Isabela
Published: November 2016

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Sampling the Functional Kolmogorov Forward Equations for Nonstationary Queueing Networks
Authors: Pender Jamol
Published: November 2016

Nonstationary queueing networks are often difficult to approximate. Recent novel methods for approximating the moments of nonstationary queues use the functional version of the Kolmogorov forward equations in conjunction with orthogonal polynomial expansions. However, these methods require closed form expressions for the expectations that appear in the functional Kolmogorov forward equations. When closed form expressions cannot be easily derived, these methods cannot be used. In this paper, we present a new sampling algorithm to overcome this difficulty; our sampling algorithm accurately estimates the expectations using simulation. We apply our algorithm to priority queues, which are useful for modeling hospital triage systems. We show that our sampling algorithm accurately estimates the mean and variance of the priority queue without spending significantly more computational time than integrating ordinary differential equations. Last, we compare our sampling algorithm to the closed form analytical approximations for the Erlang-A queueing model and find that our method is comparable in time and accuracy.
Dynamic Pricing for Network Revenue Management: A New Approach and Application in the Hotel Industry
Authors: Zhang Dan , Weatherford Larry
Published: November 2016

Dynamic pricing for network revenue management has received considerable attention in research and practice. Based on data obtained from a major hotel, we use a large-scale numerical study to compare the performance of several heuristic approaches proposed in the literature. The heuristic approaches we consider include deterministic linear programming with resolving and three variants of dynamic programming decomposition. Dynamic programming decomposition is considered one of the strongest heuristics and is the method chosen in some recent commercial implementations, and remains a topic of research in the recent academic literature. In addition to a plain-vanilla implementation of dynamic programming decomposition, we consider two variants proposed in recent literature. For the base scenario generated from the real data, we show that the method based on Zhang (2011) [An improved dynamic programming decomposition approach for network revenue management. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 13(1):35–52.] leads to a small but significant lift in revenue compared with all other approaches. We generate many alternative problem scenarios by varying capacity-demand ratio and network structure and show that the performance of the different heuristics can be strongly influenced by both. Overall, our paper shows the promise of some recent proposals in the academic literature but also offers a cautionary tale on the choice of heuristic methods for practical network pricing problems.
The Role of Paid, Earned, and Owned Media in Building Entertainment Brands: Reminding, Informing, and Enhancing Enjoyment
Authors: Lovett Mitchell J. , Staelin Richard
Published: November 2016

We study three ways firms can communicate about their brands—paid media (advertising), earned media (word of mouth and online social media), and owned media (brand websites and other owned content)—and the roles these media types play in reminding (i.e., activating memory), informing (i.e., learning their tastes for the brand), or enhancing enjoyment (e.g., gaining additional utility from socializing about the brand). We do this for a new TV show setting using a data set that contains reported viewing, exposures, expectations, and experiences. We present descriptive analyses and results from a new structural model, which indicate that earned media is more impactful than paid and owned media per exposure. However, paid media has far more exposures, so for a given percentage increase, paid media’s influence dominates earned and owned media. Earned media operate primarily through enhancing enjoyment, whereas paid media operate through reminding and owned media through reminding, but discourage live viewing. We find that media exposures help consumers learn about how well they will like the program. However, this learning can either increase or decrease the expected liking, and in our data the average audience effects are negligible. Overall, we find that earned and paid media play a central role in developing and maintaining entertainment brands.
Making the Numbers? “Short Termism” and the Puzzle of Only Occasional Disaster
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Henderson Rebecca , Repenning Nelson P.
Published: November 2016

Recent work suggests that an excessive focus on “managing the numbers”—delivering quarterly earnings at the expense of longer-term performance—makes it difficult for firms to make the investments necessary to build competitive advantage. “Short termism” has been blamed for everything from the decline of the U.S. automobile industry to the low penetration of techniques such as total quality management and continuous improvement. Yet a significant body of research suggests that firms that sacrifice long-term investment to manage earnings are often rewarded for doing so. This paper presents a model to help reconcile the tension between these apparently contradictory perspectives. We show that if the source of long-term advantage is modeled as a stock of capability that accumulates over time, the intensity of the firm’s effort to manage short-term earnings at the expense of long-term investment can have very different consequences depending on whether the firm’s capability is close to a critical “tipping threshold.” When the firm operates above this threshold, aggressively managing earnings smooths revenue and cash flow with few long-term consequences. Below it, managing earnings can tip the firm into a vicious cycle of accelerating decline. Our results have important implications for understanding managerial incentives and the internal processes that create sustained advantage.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CHALLENGE NOT ONLY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BUT ALSO FOR THE EU
Authors: Jetmar Marek
Published: November 2016

Social enterprises (businesses) represent an emerging sector not only in developing countries but also in the EU. The deepening of social problems associated with high unemployment of graduates, persons at age over 50 years and other vulnerable groups in the labour market brings new impulses for designing public policy and development of cooperation between the different actors (role of NGOs, financial intermediaries, local authorities, etc). The paper focuses on the environment analysis - regulatory approaches, forms and types of support, quality of financial services at European level and states and regions from Western, Central and Northern Europe, involved in the learning Network for Better Future of Social Economy. We can say, the status of the social economy and opportunities are different in each country as a result of reflection of value orientation of society, the quality of the environment. However, it is possible to identify common problems and typical ways to support social economy. It means to overcome lack of co-operation between financial sector, NGOs and public sector inproviding funding for social enterprises, to provide mix of private and public funds in order to solve problem connected with funds insufficiency. It is necessary to set up integrated support schemes allowing the use of various types of financial instruments (grant mechanisms, loans using financial engineering instruments). It is necessary to couple the investment in social enterprises with investment in human capital.
THE OPEN INNOVATION MODEL: EXPLAINING THE FACTORS THAT HINDER ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE ALBANIAN BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Vladi Besarta
Published: November 2016

The implementation of an open innovation model is considered by many researchers, to be a great opportunity to help profit-making organizations become more competitive and successful. But some sectors, such as the banking sector, are not able to apply this model. In the Albanian banking sector, the concept of an open innovation model is almost unknown to executive directors. The question is: Why does this happen? The implementation of an open innovation model is strongly affected by cost, short term focus, legislative problems, lack of information, and frequently by a lack of interest in cooperation. As a possible solution for this problem, especially during the financial crisis which has impacted Albanian as well as the rest of the world, raising a strong awareness of the importance of this model could be one route to improve the level of competitiveness in the banking sector.
INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION AS A KEY DETERMINANT OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE GROWTH
Authors: Adzic Sofija , Stojic Dragan
Published: November 2016

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of education, on decision tu purchase insurance. We measure the impact of education both through years of formal education and capital invested in research and development. The focus is on insurance in agriculture, due to the fact that Serbia, and it's prominent province of Vojvodina possess mainly agricultural lands. We use regression method incorporating several macro-economic variables as control variables: GDP per capita, index of economic freedom, foreign direct investments and private sector credit, to name few. Main results indicate significant and positive influence of education, as the educational elasticity of demand for insurance is significantly higher than one.
DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL AND MACHIAVELLIAN INTELLIGENCE BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT STUDENTS FROM THE CZECH AND SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Frankovský Miroslav , Birknerová Zuzana
Published: November 2016

Identifying and specifying social and Machiavellian intelligence is related to the broader discussion about the existence of several kinds of intelligence. When characterizing these two particular types it is inevitable to take a broader social context defining them into account. In the report we present the results of comparisons of assessing the selected attributes of social and Machiavellian intelligence by the management students from Czech Republic and Slovakia by means of the TSIS methodology, Mach IV and EMESI - an own methodology for detecting social intelligence. The presented comparisons are based on the influence of the macrosocial and microsocial environments on perception of the studied types of intelligence. This comparative analysis is connected also to the theoretical and methodological verification of the original methodology for measuring social intelligence - EMESI.
JOSEPH SHERIDAN LE FANU: METAMORPHOSES AND INNOVATIONS IN GOTHIC FICTION
Authors: Brakovska Jelena
Published: November 2016

Notwithstanding the fact that the Anglo-Irish writer Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu was one of the most popular writers of the British Victorian era, his name and most of his works are not well-known to a common reader. The present research investigates how the author inventively modifies traditional Gothic elements and penetrates them into human’s consciousness. Such Le Fanu’s metamorphoses and innovations make the artistic world of his prose more realistic and psychological. As a result, the article presents a comparative literary study of Le Fanu’s text manipulations which seem to lead to the creation of Le Fanu’s own kind of “psychological” Gothic.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN: SELECTED ISSUES
Authors: Zholtayeva Gulnar , Stambekova Assel , Alipbayeva Anara , Yerzhanova Gulnur
Published: November 2016

Currently government of the Republic of Kazakhstan considers education of children with disabilities as one of the main priorities of education and society development in a whole. Thus, the most efficient means of achieving the ultimate goal for it is to reveal the most efficient ways of training of children with mental retardation. Inclusive or integrated education is becoming a powerful tool in this case if the range of educational institutions creates atmosphere which allows receiving high-quality education, correctional help and professional training. Every child and family is valued equally and deserves the same opportunities and experiences in meaningful ways. Inclusive education enables children with disabilities entering the society as full-fledged citizens who are capable of productive and independent life, building relationships and memberships with people around. As for Kazakhstan society the statistics shows: special educational services for the children with mental retardation are provided in 37 special kindergartens and 101 correctional schools, 240 special groups and 1098 special classes in compulsory schools.Moreover, nearly 10 thousand children are involved in home learning within individual study program.Since 2004 work on elaboration and publishing of Kazakhstani textbooks and educational-methodical complexes for special correctional educational organizations of 8 major kinds and types has been carried out. At the present time there are 56 medical-psychological-pedagogical rooms in the country. These institutions render medical-psychological-pedagogical support and social help to population how to diagnose and consult the children with disabilities
INTEGRATION OF PEDAGOGIC TECHNOLOGIES AND CREATIVE TOOLS FOR ACHIEVING BALANCED COMPETENCE OF A POTENTIAL SPECIALIST
Authors: Akhmedyanova Gulnara
Published: November 2016

A graduated bachelor must possess not only knowledge, but also the certain professional-personal qualities, that are balanced in respect of these two aspects of competence. As these aspects are achieved by the different instruments, teaching technologies and creative techniques, raises the question of their coordination. It is achieved due to the development of the plan of teaching on the basis of the creative-modular technology, and then the realization of this plan with separate revision and correction of learning outcomes in relation to these aspects of competence. The result of developed hierarchical two-aspect model achievement of competence allows efficiently in the process of learning resolving imbalances in the integration of educational technologies and creative tools.
OPENNESS OF A UNIVERSITY LIBRARY TO THE PUBLIC AS A KEY FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF A SOCIETY
Authors: Yongmei Tian , Xiaodan Wang
Published: November 2016

It has been argued for many years that whether the university library should be open to the society or not, not only the university library has the responsibility and ability to be open to the social readers, but also it is the need of making lifelong education and building a Learning Society. Be it whether the experiences from overseas or the development of the university library itself, it is an inevitable trend of keeping sustainable development, thereby enlarging the range of services, maximizing fully our advantages and serving the society in response to actual situation.It is the ultimate solution that government and universities join hands to open the university library service to the community.
PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING AS A NEW INNOVATION AND PRACTICE IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN ALBANIA
Authors: Shkulaku Rudina
Published: November 2016

Maintaining a best possible qualitative service and student’s wellbeing, in the higher education institutions (HEI), is particularly important. The focal scope of this research is to present the importance of the integration of the psychological counseling service in the HEI in Albania. The methodology was a comparative analysis of the models of Psychological counseling service in HEI of Europe and Albania. Two main results of the study are: First, the monitoring process of thirty-five Albanian university/college websites showed that only five of them have integrated psychological counseling services into their systems. Second, 72% of the students said that their university didn’t provide psychological counseling service. 94.8% of them would like their university to provide this kind of service. The few universities that offer this service have just introduced formal psychological counseling in recent years, which shows that this service is still in the beginning steps.
NEW METHOD FOR EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF PANCREAS TRAUMAS FOR WISTAR RATS AND CYTOKINE LEVEL CHANGES IN THESE MODELS
Authors: Zarembo Edgars , Mežale Olga , Mikitins Aleksandrs , Antonovica Leontine , Petla Jekaterina , Petersons Aigars
Published: November 2016

The incidence of pancreas traumas (PT) is low; however, lethality in case of PT remains unchangingly high. The aim of the present study is to develop a technically simple, easily repeatable method for experimental modelling of PT of various degrees of severity for Wistar rats and study changes in plasma levels of cytokines (IL-1β; IL-6; TNFα; IL-10; MCP-1; IL-12(p70)) for experimental models. Under general anaesthesia 50 animals were performed laparotomy and were made damages of pancreas tissues of various severity standardized using Crile clamps. 24 h and 72 h after creating PT the samples of blood serum were taken.In autopsy all animals were identified the features of pancreatitis. Severity of pancreatic histologic injury was associated with the impact severity. Plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly (p<0,05) increased in 24 h and 72 h samples. The method with putting Crile clamps under general anaesthesia shall be applied for creation of PT for Wistar rats and let model various degrees of PT severity. MCP-1 might play a pivotal role in inflammatoryresponse of acute pancreatitis.
SKIN CHANGES AND PECULIARITIES IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Janovska Jana , Zavorins Aleksejs , Voicehovska Julija , Kleina Regina , Kisis Janis , Karls Raimonds , Voicehovska Aleksandra
Published: November 2016

Approximately 20-25 % of the World’s adult population aged 40 - 75 years have metabolic syndrome (MS). MS is one of the most widespread risk factors for: diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders and skin disorders MS, due to the oxidative stress, supports a chronic inflammatory reaction in the skin and in the other parts of the body. During oxidative stress the net amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the body causing lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and oxidative DNA damage. The role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of early skin changes in patients with MS is not clearly defined. The aim of our study was to compare visual skin changes between patients with MS and without it, and to reveal early histological manifestations of MS in the skin. The study was conducted at the Clinic of Aesthetic Dermatology, Riga, Latvia. 50 patients aged 45-55 were enrolled. The research consisted of a clinical examination, biochemical testing and Punch biopsies. Tissue samples were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s Trichrome and also immunohistochemically stainining with antibodies to CD34, CD117, CD20, CD8 and bcl-2. CD1a positive Langerhans cells were evaluated in 3 fields of vision. Data was analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Gender ratio was women: men= 1.6:1. Histological changes in the skin of patients with MS were: hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dermal fibrosis, elastosis and mild thickening of the stratum spinosum. Infiltrates around blood vessels were composed of T lymphocytes (CD3+). More significant expression and accumulation of apoptotic protein Bcl2 in skin of patients with MS in comparison to patients without MS was noted. Initial skin histological changes in MS are dermal elastosis, thickening of stratum spinosum and acanthosis. Mild T lymphocytic infiltration around capillaries possibly reflects the inflammatory component of MS. Increased accumulation of bcl2 anti-apoptotic protein in epidermis was more significantly expressed in patients with MS.