bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying factors affecting a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Raesi Rasoul , Khalesi Nader , Safavi Mahboobeh , Mirzaei Abasat , Alimohammadzadeh Khalil
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

A healthy lifestyle is one of the important global concepts in the post-COVID-19 era, which can lead to maintaining and improving the health of societies. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The current research is a qualitative study that was conducted in the field by theoretical sampling method. The qualitative method used in the current research was Strauss–Corbin’s method. The data collection tool in the current research was a semi-structured interview. The researcher reached theoretical saturation by the end of the 13th interview, and for more certainty, the interviews continued until the 15th interview. The statistical population of the research was all professors and experts with specialized doctorate degrees in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, and finally, 15 people were selected according to the entry and exit criteria for the study. Data analysis was done by summarizing and coding and analyzing the hidden content from expert interviews using MAXQDA software.

RESULTS:

The factors affecting a healthy lifestyle in the post-COVID-19 era (cultural norms, social norms, biological norms, technological factors, and economic factors) emerged from the intuitive opinions of experts.

CONCLUSION:

Providing and maintaining health is not a simple task, as it involves biological, individual, familial, cultural, societal, economic, political, and health factors. Promotion of healthy lifestyles is not merely the responsibility of health-related organizations and bodies; rather, they necessitate extensive coordination and empathy among educational, health, cultural, service, and even political institutions and bodies.
Assessment of coping capacity of public health facilities with health emergency situations during an event of flood in Mumbai
Authors: Khan Shabana , Kumar Dilip , Vyas Navya
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Floods had been a repeated phenomenon in India, causing considerable losses to properties, life and infrastructure, and public utilities. Floods are found to be a common natural disaster occurring not only in developing countries but also in developed nations. Hospital preparedness against disaster could help in the management of the surge of patients in an effective manner. This study aims to assess the capacity of public health facilities for coping up with health emergency situations during an event of flood in Mumbai.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 38 public health facilities in Mumbai. A purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of the health facilities. Administrative staff, medical officers, and pharmacy in charges were included in the study.

RESULTS:

The study revealed that surge capacities in hospitals were adequate as they had additional beds for monsoon-related diseases for the preceding flood situation. There was a triage policy, and the staff were trained on the same. Procurement of drugs was easy because of a good networking system between hospitals. Due to this networking system, patients were also transferred to the nearest healthcare facility in a short span of time.

CONCLUSION:

The response during an event of a flood in the health facilities of Mumbai city was good as they have regular training sessions to be prepared for the emergency situations during monsoon as they have repeated exposure to floods.
Epididymo-orchitis with epididymal abscess in a patient with disseminated tuberculosis
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Swain Basanta Manjari , Panda Sangram , Mohanty Sudhanshu Sekhar
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis remains a global health concern, and while primarily affecting the lungs, extrapulmonary manifestations like genitourinary tubercular epididymitis are rare and diagnostically challenging. Accurate differentiation is crucial for appropriate treatment. This case study presents a 34-year-old male with left scrotal swelling, backache, and fever, highlighting the importance of considering tuberculosis in genitourinary conditions. High-resolution sonography revealed an edematous left testis with increased vascularity and hypoechoic nodules. Further imaging, including high-resolution computed tomography thorax and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging Dorso-lumbar spine, confirmed disseminated tuberculosis. Despite negative urine culture, aspiration cytology from the epididymal collection indicated tubercular etiology. Urogenital tuberculosis, especially isolated epididymal involvement without renal effects, presents diagnostic challenges, often occurring in immunocompromised patients. The case underscores the role of clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence in establishing a correct diagnosis. High-resolution ultrasonography plays a crucial role in diagnosing scrotal pathologies, and when accompanied by an epididymal collection, further diagnostic steps involving biochemical parameters and aspiration followed by cytoanalysis and culture are essential. The diagnosis of tuberculous epididymitis can be confirmed through acid-fast bacilli (AFB) identification, positive AFB culture, or granulomas seen in a biopsy specimen in the right clinical context. Radiological imaging aids in detecting local and disseminated disease forms, including complications like hydrocele, testicular calcifications, scrotal abscesses, sinus tracks, and fistulous communications.
Pheochromocytoma – A challenge to anesthetist
Authors: Doddipatla Siva Teja , Deo D. S. Abhilash , Panda Amrita , Mishra Sumanta Kumar , Mohapatra Bishnupriya
Published: April 2024

Phaeochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor of the sympathoadrenal system. It poses a significant challenge to the anesthesiologist, as sudden and intense hemodynamic changes are common in the preoperative and intraoperative periods. Preoperative optimization with sympatholytic drugs along with fluid resuscitation and intraoperative hemodynamic stability is essential for improved patient outcome. The anatomy of the tumor and proximity to major vasculature prove a challenge to anesthetists and surgeons alike. We are presenting a case of a 53-year-old male with a phaeochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland posted for laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, with the tumor mass compressing the inferior vena cava.
Role of gender difference in Internet addiction and its association with family interaction among students
Authors: Swain Anchal , Sahoo Prabhudarshan , Debata Ipsita , Mishra Krishna
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Internet addiction (IA) has become a serious behavioral addiction pandemic. IA may potentially affect academic performance and family dynamics. Gender and geographic differences also exist in the ways that people use the Internet for entertainment. This study was conducted to evaluate if gender difference plays a role in IA.

Objectives:

To determine the association between gender with internet addiction and family interaction among the undergraduate college students and to find the prevalence of internet addiction among them.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 252 currently enrolled undergraduate students, between 18 and 23 years of age, were included from three programs (Arts, Science, and Commerce) at a University in Odisha. Data were collected using the IA test (IAT) and the family interaction questionnaire (FIQ). Data were compiled into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Epi-info software. Descriptive data were interpreted as frequencies and percentages. The independentt-test was used to compare the mean scores between IA and family interaction. The Chi-square test was used to test association. AP< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The study included 113 (44.8%) males and 55.2% (139) females. The prevalence of IA was 64.8%. Female students had slightly higher mean IAT and FIQ scores than males. The difference in mean scores determined by independentt-tests between the genders was not statistically significant for both IAT (P= 0.054) and FIQ (P= 0.2). There was no significant association between gender with IA levels (P= 0.1507) and family interaction levels (P= 0.6125).

Conclusion:

The current study revealed there was IA in almost two-thirds of undergraduate students. There was a minor gender difference in IA and family interaction levels among the college students. It is crucial to educate the future generation, parents, and educators about the dangers of IA and the importance of family interaction in managing the problem.
A risk factor analysis of length of hospital stay in thyroid surgeries: An experience from a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Srivastava Varsha , Mohapatra Ipsa , Mishra Tejaswi , Rout Tapas Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background:

Thyroid surgeries are one of the common surgical procedures worldwide, carried out by a range of board-certified physicians with backgrounds in general surgery, endocrine surgery, otolaryngology, thoracic surgery, head and neck surgery, and oncology. The length of hospital stay in these surgeries has not been extensively studied. The purpose of the study was to find out the factors determining the length of hospital stay in thyroid surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and seven adult patients operated between January and December of 2021 were included in the study. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records using a data extraction form after getting Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Data were analyzed using Epi Info software, with a P < 0.05 taken as statistically significant.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 33.6 ± 9.7 years, females (67.2%) outnumbered males. The mean duration of hospital stay was 10.55 ± 4.32 days; the length of hospital stay saw an increasing trend with the increasing age (10.89 days), male sex (11 days), those who had postoperative complications (11 days), and total thyroidectomy (15 days). Those who delayed in seeking healthcare (10 days–1 month) also reported a longer hospital stay.

Conclusion:

In this study, increasing age, male sex, underweight patients, patients from rural areas, those with lower educational status, and unemployed were found to have a longer hospital stay. Other factors which were seen to be associated with longer hospital stays were those undergoing total thyroidectomy, having associated complications, and delay in health-seeking behavior.
Clinical evaluation of “Snowplow” technique versus Bulk-fill technique in restoration of class II cavities: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gomaa Mariam M , Mosallam Rania S , Abou-Auf Eman A , Hassanien Olfat Elsayed
Published: April 2024

Aim:

This study assessed the clinical performance of the “Snowplow” technique compared with the Bulk-fill technique in restoration of proximal cavities for 1 year using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a 12-month, double-blinded, two parallel arms, randomized clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. A total of 32 patients with proximal caries were separated into two groups (n = 16): group 1: “Snowplow” technique using co-cured X-tra base flowable Bulk-fill composite/X-tra Fil Bulk-fill composite, whereas group 2: Bulk-fill technique using X-tra Fil Bulk-fill composite. Modified USPHS criteria were employed to assess the restorations at baseline, after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The MedCalc software, version 19 for Windows was used to statistically analyze the collected data. Intergroup comparisons were carried out using the chi-squared test with a statistical significance level set at P ≤ 0.05 after Bonferroni correction.

Results:

The results suggested that there was no statistically significant difference found between “Snowplow” and Bulk-fill techniques at different time intervals in terms of marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, anatomic contour, surface texture, gross fracture, and secondary caries, where P = 0.150550.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that the clinical performance of the “Snowplow” technique and Bulk-fill technique was similar and clinically acceptable following a full year of clinical use. Bulk-fill and “Snowplow” techniques are highly recommended restorative techniques in proximal cavities.
The effect of preprocedural mouthrinses against COVID-19 before acid etching on the microleakage of a resin-based sealant in permanent molars: An in vitro experimental study
Authors: Ungkul Sutthiprapa , Yimcharoen Veeritta , Rirattanapong Praphasri
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:

To determine whether rinsing with preprocedural mouthrinses against coronavirus disease before acid etching affects resin-based sealant microleakage.

Materials and Methods:

A presented in vitro experimental study was performed on 15 extracted permanent third molars. Samples were randomly allocated into five groups: Group 1—distilled water (control); Group 2—1% hydrogen peroxide; Group 3—1.5% hydrogen peroxide; Group 4—0.5% povidone-iodine; and Group 5—1% povidone-iodine. After the teeth were immersed in the assigned mouth rinses for 60 s, they were sealed with Concise™ white sealant. Subsequently, the teeth were thermocycled for 500 cycles, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 h, and sectioned with two parallel cuts in the buccolingual direction. Sixty surfaces (12 surfaces in each group) were examined for microleakage under a 40× light microscope and scored as described by Zyskind et al. Welch’s one-way analysis of variance test and the Games–Howell test were used to analyze the results at a significance level of P < 0.05 for all tests.

Results:

The intergroup comparisons indicated that the 0.5% povidone-iodine group and the 1% povidone-iodine group had significantly higher microleakage compared with the control group. The 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide groups demonstrated no significant difference in mean microleakage scores compared with the control group. There was no significant difference between the povidone groups and the hydrogen peroxide groups.

Conclusions:

Preprocedural rinsing with 0.5% and 1% povidone-iodine before acid etching caused higher microleakage of resin-based sealant, while hydrogen peroxide rinsing gave comparable microleakage compared with the control group.
Prospective Study to Assess Knowledge about Basic Life Support in College Students and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Basic Life Support Training
Authors: Chaskar Vaishali , Thakkar Ami , Zadkar Sanjivani , Gite Jayshree
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims:

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests represent critical situations wherein prompt basic life support (BLS) intervention can significantly impact survivability. This study aimed to assess the baseline knowledge of BLS among college students and evaluate the efficacy of a training intervention, gauging changes in confidence and performance scores.

Methods:

Following ethical approval, a pretraining BLS questionnaire was administered to participating students. Subsequently, American Heart Association-certified BLS training providers conducted hands-on training. Posttraining, participants completed confidence and their performance was evaluated by the training providers. Data analysis utilized a percentage-based methodology.

Results:

The findings from the questionnaire revealed that 87% of students had witnessed emergencies, with only 7.7% initiating help and 2.3% observing resuscitation efforts. Notably, a deficit in knowledge about automated external defibrillators was observed across all the participants. Approximately 49.5% expressed interest in training, while 41.7% declined periodic training. Concerningly, 53.7% cited fear of legal repercussions as a deterrent to aiding victims, and 30.09% attributed their nonintervention to a lack of BLS knowledge. Posttraining, 81.5% of students displayed average confidence, with 18.4% exhibiting poor confidence in providing roadside BLS assistance. Performance assessments revealed that 28.15% performed well, 52.90% performed at an average level, and 18.95% performed poorly during hands-on training with a mannequin.

Conclusions:

The study highlights a notable lack of awareness and understanding of BLS among college students, as evidenced by the pretraining questionnaire. The single training session employed in this study did not substantially enhance confidence or performance scores in providing BLS. The findings underscore the necessity for increased awareness and recurrent BLS training initiatives among the young population to bolster both confidence and practical proficiency in responding to emergency situations.
The Effectiveness of Perovskia abrotanoides Extract Topical Formulation on the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Tayebi Maryam Sadat , Poostiyan Nazila , Dinani Masoud Sadeghi , Ghassami Erfaneh , Soltani Rasool
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Despite many attempts to treat leishmaniasis, new approaches are necessary to reduce the burden of disease. Perovskia abrotanoides (Brazambel) has shown significant effects against Leishmania parasites in some studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of P. abrotanoides extract topical formulation on cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were assigned to experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups. Both groups received intralesional meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®). The experimental group also received 5% Brazambel extract ointment once a day. The interventions continued until the complete healing of the lesions (reepithelialization) for a maximum of 8 weeks. The clinical response, defined as complete response (reepithelialization >75%), partial response (reepithelialization 50%–75%), or treatment failure (reepithelialization <50%), was compared between the groups.

Findings:

The percentage of reepithelialization in the experimental group (4th week: 64.44 ± 25.13; 8th week: 83.85 ± 11.54) was higher than the control group (4th week: 53.97 ± 25.88; 8th week: 76.27 ± 21.67); however, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.252 and 0.494, respectively). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding the rate of complete healing (88.9% vs. 72.2%, respectively).

Conclusion:

The use of P. abrotanoides extract 5% topical formulation does not affect the healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
School Visual Impairment Survey in Anambra State, South-East Nigeria
Authors: Onyia Onyinye , Okeke Chiamaka J.P. , Ejiakor Ifeoma Lilian , Chuka-Okosa Chimdi , Achigbu Eberechukwu
Published: April 2024

Background: Good eye health is needed among school children for optimal learning, social participation, future economic productivity, and for maximizing their ability to attain the fundamental children’s rights. Cumulatively, primary and post-primary schools have direct contact with children for 6 or more hours a day, for up to 13 critical years of development. The study was aimed at determining the visual status of school children in Njikoka local government area (LGA), Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria with a view to providing evidence-based support for structured school eye health interventions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study in selected schools using a multi-staged random sampling technique. Ocular examination was performed on 1182 selected school children aged 5–16 years. Data on visual acuity and ocular abnormalities were recorded. Data were subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analyses. In all comparisons, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Fifty-four pupils (6.3%) in primary and 91 (27.9%) students in post-primary school were visually impaired. The proportion of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors was 51.8% and 58.2% in primary and post-primary schools, respectively. Other ocular conditions identified included allergic conjunctivitis, glaucoma suspect, red eye, and amblyopia. Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment among school children in the study area is significant. Uncorrected refractive errors were the most common cause of visual impairment. Creating a sustainable school-based eye health program through stakeholder awareness advocacy, training of teachers and nurses on visual acuity assessment is recommended for early detection and referral of children with poor vision.
A review article on role of plecanatide drug in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation
Authors: Sharma Chetan , Badyal Dinesh K.
Published: April 2024

Plecanatide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for gastrointestinal disorders, specifically irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation. This review provides a concise analysis of plecanatide drug, covering their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profile, and implications for patient care. The bulk drug form and tablet presentation both offer unique advantages in the treatment landscape. As research continues, plecanatide stands out for its targeted approach and favorable safety profile, presenting a valuable option for a diverse range of patients.
Neuroglobin Expression in Acute Ischemic Stroke – A Scoping Review
Authors: Permana Affan Priyambodo , Pradhana Ivan , Santoso Fabianto
Published: April 2024

Neuronal hypoxia increases the expression of a globin protein called neuroglobin (Ngb). Ngb has been characterized as a protein responsible for oxygen transport and reactive oxygen species scavenger. Research in rats found that ischemic areas in the brain have more Ngb expressions than nonischemic areas, and some believe that Ngb acts as a sensor for hypoxic stress and has a neuroprotective impact. Therefore, we investigated Ngb expression in acute ischemic stroke as a diagnostic and potential future therapeutic target for acute ischemic stroke. We conducted systematic searches on an online database to identify the papers related to Ngb expression in the ischemic brain or acute ischemic stroke using Arksey and O’Malley frameworks as the guideline for this scoping review. Of all five studies, the majority of publication consists of prospective studies. Studies showed that Ngb increased in the acute phase of stroke, and the expression was high in the peri-infarct compared to the normal brain and ischemic core. One study also found that peak serum Ngb concentration significantly correlated to infarct size (r = 0.484, P < 0.001) and NIHSS score (r = 0.578, P < 0.001). Ngb is a potential marker for predicting acute ischemic stroke’s severity and poor prognosis. Future research on comparing Ngb to other outcome assessments was needed. In addition, a study on the neuroprotective effect of Ngb polymorphism could be the future of ischemic stroke intervention.
Characteristics of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Caused by Accident in Denpasar during 2020–2022
Authors: Budiman Ardelia Clara , Wardhana Wisnu , Maliawan Sri , Niryana I Wayan
Published: April 2024

Background:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an injury located on the medulla spinalis, which could cause damage to the motor and sensory system. There are four mechanisms of accidents, which are traffic accidents, falls from height, sports accidents, and occupation-related accidents. Research regarding SCI caused by accident in Denpasar is still limited; therefore, to understand patients’ demography and clinical characteristics, further research is needed.

Subjects and Methods:

This research was a descriptive, cross-sectional research using total sampling and a prospective approach taken from the medical records of patients who are referred to the neurosurgeon department at Prof. Ngoerah General Hospital.

Results:

Based on the research results, most patients who are suffering from SCIs are male (73.5%), within the age range of 50–59 years old (22.1%), with falling from heights as the most common mechanism of accident, majority of it are classified as Grade A classification (33.8%). Most cases appeared with fractures (77.9%), and most were found in the cervical region (66%). As for the treatment, surgery interventions are more common (63.2%).

Conclusions:

Patients with SCI due to accidents are dominated by men, with the largest age group being 50–59 years old. The most common mechanism of accident is falling from height, and the majority of the cases are classified into Grade A using the American Spinal Injury Associaton classification. The majority of the cases are accompanied by fractures, especially in the cervical. Most of the cases are carried out by surgery interventions.
Ocular sarcoidosis: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Fajardo Angela , Marcotte Emily , Regueira Stephanie , Deschenes Jean , Darvish Mahshad , Burnier Miguel
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

This study aims to deliver an in-depth analysis and detailed account of 15 patients diagnosed with ocular and periocular sarcoidosis, each case substantiated by biopsy and histopathological examination. Furthermore, our series emphasizes the critical role of computed tomography (CT) scans in assessing the lacrimal gland, particularly when clinical symptoms, paraclinical findings, and radiological evidence suggest the presence of sarcoidosis.

Methodology:

We conducted a retrospective analysis of biopsy-diagnosed sarcoidosis cases at the MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory spanning from 1995 to 2023. Pathological descriptions were thoroughly assessed, and clinical information was obtained from medical records for each patient.

Results:

A total of 15 cases were analyzed, 8 females and 7 males, with ages ranging from 16 to 89. All biopsies revealed granulomatous inflammation characterized by discrete, noncaseating granulomas. The most common site for biopsy was the lacrimal gland, followed by conjunctiva. Patients who underwent lacrimal gland biopsy exhibited bilateral, symmetrical enlargement of the gland, as confirmed by a CT scan.

Conclusion:

Diagnosing sarcoidosis presents significant challenges. Conducting blind biopsies is inadvisable and should be avoided. Targeted biopsies of abnormal lesions in the conjunctiva and eyelid have been proven to be diagnostic. In cases of suspected sarcoidosis, a CT scan of the orbit serves as an invaluable tool for determining the optimal biopsy site, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Case of Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Anuja R. , Alina K. , Midhun M. , Sukumaran P. , Lintu R. K.
Published: April 2024

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is mostly seen secondary to malignancies, while benign causes account for only 30% of cases. This case report is of a 62-year-old obese male diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (ILD) non specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern on steroids for 1 year and antifibrotics for 3 months came with exacerbation of dyspnea, orthopnea, and nonproductive cough of 3 months duration. He had a facial plethora, watering of eyes, dilated veins over the chest, striae over the abdomen, and Grade 2 clubbing clinically suggestive of SVC obstruction. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) thorax revealed mediastinal lipomatosis compressing SVC and bilateral brachiocephalic veins. His steroids were tapered and stopped, and he was initiated on pioglitazone. Serum cortisol level was normal suggestive of exogenous Cushing’s disease. Repeat CT taken after 5 months showed reversal of SVC obstruction with no progression of ILD.
Atypical Presentation of an Unusual Infection
Authors: Soumya Vasantha Somarajan , Ameer K. A. , Arjun Rajalakshmi , Abraham Sujith Varghese , Mohammed Sanowfer , Padmanabhan Arjun
Published: April 2024

Melioidosis presents with a diverse range of clinical manifestations affecting various organs, with pneumonia being the most common pulmonary presentation. Isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy with fever as presentation is rare. Here, we present a case of melioidosis, presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin with mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Causes among Elderly Family Members of Health-care Workers
Authors: Thomas Nisha , Adarsh N. , Adyanthaya B Shreyas , Bopaiah K. Nisha , Harshith K. H. , Sharma M. Vishnu
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Vaccination has proven to be an effective preventive measure against COVID-19. The main hindrance for COVID-19 vaccination is vaccine hesitancy. Attitude of health-care workers (HCWs) toward vaccination is vital to promote vaccination and reduce vaccine hesitancy. HCWs are expected to promote COVID-19 vaccination and educate their family members for vaccination. Thus, it is important to know the reasons for vaccine hesitancy among elderly family members of HCWs so that these barriers can be overcome by proper measures.

Methodology:

This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted by questionnaire-based interviews of HCWs pertaining to the COVID-19 vaccination details of their elderly household members. Questions with Likert scale-type responses were used to discern the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.

Results:

Among the study group, 38% were found to have high vaccine hesitancy. Low educational status (P = 0.0001), rural area of residence (P = 0.001), and female gender (P = 0.028) as well as the occupation of the HCW respondent (P = 0.011) were found to be significantly associated with high vaccine hesitancy. Fear of unknown side effects (52.6%), difficulties with vaccination slot booking (48.4%), belief of low risk for contracting COVID-19 disease, fear of the vaccine side effects, fear of vaccine itself causing COVID-19 illness, and mistrust against the vaccine manufacturers were the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion:

High vaccine hesitancy was found among elderly individuals with lower education status, female gender, and residence in rural areas. Fear of side effects of vaccine and contracting COVID-19 from the vaccine, logistical and technical difficulties, belief of low disease risk, and mistrust against the vaccine manufacturers were the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy.
An Uncommon Cause of Pneumonia
Authors: Panicker Venugopal , Vinoppan Geethu , Kallarackal Sonia John , Kumar Athulya , Sajitha M. , Venugopal K. P.
Published: April 2024

A lung disease with a typical radiology sign is discussed for the benefit of postgraduate students.
Inorganic Compound and Cycloserine Composite Particles for Improved Stability
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Kim Heeseo , Yoon Hongjun , Cho Hyuk Jun , Jin Sung Giu
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to improve the chemical stability of cycloserine containing organic and inorganic compounds. Composite particles were manufactured with a 1:1 weight ratio of organic/inorganic compounds and cycloserine. The influence of organic/inorganic compounds on the stability of cycloserine was investigated under accelerated stress conditions at 60°C/75% RH for 24 hours. In addition, the properties of the composite particles were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the dissolution of the drug was assessed by preparing it as a hard capsule. Among the organic and inorganic compounds investigated, calcium hydroxide most improved the stability of cycloserine under accelerated stress conditions (53.3 ± 2.2% vs 1.7 ± 0.2%). DSC results confirmed the compatibility between calcium hydroxide and the cycloserine, and SEM results confirmed that it was evenly distributed around the cycloserine. Calcium hydroxide also showed more than 90% cycloserine dissolution within 15 minutes. Therefore, the calcium hydroxide and cycloserine composite particles may be candidates for cycloserine oral pharmaceuticals with enhanced drug stability.
Hydrogen Reduction Behavior of NCM-based Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Lee So-Yeong , Lee So-Yeon , Lee Dae-Hyeon , Sohn Ho-Sang
Published: April 2024

As the demand for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles is increasing, it is important to recover valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries. In this study, the effects of gas flow rate and hydrogen partial pressure on hydrogen reduction of NCM-based lithium-ion battery cathode materials were investigated. As the gas flow rate and hydrogen partial pressure increased, the weight loss rate increased significantly from the beginning of the reaction due to the reduction of NiO and CoO by hydrogen. At 700 °C and hydrogen partial pressure above 0.5 atm, Ni and Li2O were produced by hydrogen reduction. From the reduction product and Li recovery rate, the hydrogen reduction of NCM-based cathode materials was significantly affected by hydrogen partial pressure. The Li compounds recovered from the solution after water leaching of the reduction products were LiOH, LiOH·H2O, and Li2CO3, with about 0.02 wt% Al as an impurity.
Exploring Thermoelectric Transport Properties and Band Parameters of n-Type Bi2-xSbxTe3 Compounds Using the Single Parabolic Band Model
Authors: Vu Linh Ba , Jung Soo-ho , Bae Jinhee , Park Jong Min , Kim Kyung Tae , Son Injoon , Jo Seungki
Published: April 2024

The n-type Bi2-xSbxTe3 compounds have been of great interest due to its potential to achieve a high thermoelectric performance, comparable to that of p-type Bi2-xSbxTe3. However, a comprehensive understanding on the thermoelectric properties remains lacking. Here, we investigate the thermoelectric transport properties and band characteristics of n-type Bi2-xSbxTe3 (x = 0.1 – 1.1) based on experimental and theoretical considerations. We find that the higher power factor at lower Sb content results from the optimized balance between the density of state effective mass and nondegenerate mobility. Additionally, a higher carrier concentration at lower x suppresses bipolar conduction, thereby reducing thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. Consequently, the highest zT of ~ 0.5 is observed at 450 K for x = 0.1 and, according to the single parabolic band model, it could be further improved by ~70 % through carrier concentration tuning.
Нижние и верхние оценки минимального числа ребер в некоторых подграфах графа Джонсона
Authors: Dubinin Nikita Andreevich , Neustroeva Elizaveta Andreevna , Raigorodskii Andrei Mikhailovich , Shubin Yakov Konstantinovich
Published: April 2024

Получены нижние и верхние оценки минимального числа ребер в индуцированных подграфах с $l$ вершинами графа $G(n,3,1)$, где $l \sim cn^2$. Полученные результаты улучшают ранее доказанные оценки этой величины в данном режиме.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Траекторные инварианты биллиардов и линейно интегрируемые геодезические потоки
Authors: Belozerov Gleb Vladimirovich , Fomenko Anatoly Timofeevich
Published: April 2024

Обнаружены и вычисляются траекторные инварианты интегрируемых топологических биллиардов с двумя степенями свободы при условии постоянства энергии системы. Инварианты (векторы вращения) вычисляются через функции вращения на однопараметрических семействах $2$-торов Лиувилля. Доказан аналог теоремы Лиувилля в окрестности регулярных слоев для кусочно гладких биллиардов. Введены переменные действие-угол. Получена общая формула для функций вращения. Гипотеза А. Т. Фоменко предполагала, что функции вращения топологических биллиардов монотонны. Для многих важных систем гипотеза подтвердилась, но обнаружились интересные биллиарды с немонотонными функциями вращения. В частности, вычислены траекторные инварианты биллиардов-книжек, реализующих (с точностью до лиувиллевой эквивалентности) линейно интегрируемые геодезические потоки двумерных поверхностей. При надлежащем изменении параметров потоков эти функции вращения становятся монотонными.
Библиография: 45 названий.
Estimating Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminths Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Kato-Katz in School-Age Children in Angola
Authors: Soultani Muzhgan , Bartlett Adam W. , Mendes Elsa P. , Hii Sze Fui , Traub Rebecca , Palmeirim Marta S. , Lufunda Luis M. M. , Colella Vito , Lopes Sergio , Vaz Nery Susana
Published: April 2024

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is gaining recognition in soil-transmitted helminth (STH) diagnostics, especially for Strongyloides stercoralis and differentiating hookworm species. However, sample preservation and DNA extraction may influence qPCR performance. We estimated STH prevalence and infection intensity by using qPCR in schoolchildren from Huambo, Uige, and Zaire, Angola, and compared its performance with that of the Kato-Katz technique (here termed Kato-Katz). Stool samples from 3,063 children (219 schools) were preserved in 96% ethanol and analyzed by qPCR, of which 2,974 children (215 schools) had corresponding Kato-Katz results. Cluster-adjusted prevalence and infection intensity estimates were calculated by qPCR and Kato-Katz, with cycle threshold values converted to eggs per gram for qPCR. Cohen’s kappa statistic evaluated agreement between qPCR and Kato-Katz. DNA extraction and qPCR were repeated on 191 (of 278) samples that were initially qPCR negative but Kato-Katz positive, of which 112 (58.6%) became positive. Similar prevalence for Ascaris lumbricoides (37.5% versus 34.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (6.5% versus 6.1%) were found by qPCR and Kato-Katz, respectively, while qPCR detected a higher hookworm prevalence (11.9% versus 2.9%). The prevalence of moderate- or high-intensity infections was higher by Kato-Katz than by qPCR. Agreement between qPCR and Kato-Katz was very good for A. lumbricoides, moderate for T. trichiura, and fair for hookworm. Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence was 4.7% (municipality range, 0–14.3%), and no Ancylostoma ceylanicum was detected by qPCR. Despite suboptimal performance, presumably due to fixative choice, qPCR was fundamental in detecting S. stercoralis and excluding zoonotic A. ceylanicum. Further evaluations on sample fixatives and DNA extraction methods are needed to optimize and standardize the performance of qPCR.
Anti-Rollover Control for All-Terrain Vehicle Based on Zero-Moment
Point
Authors: Hong Hanchi , Wang Kuan , d’Apolito Luigi , Quan Kangning , Yao Xu
Published: April 2024

To investigate the rollover phenomena experienced by all-terrain vehicles (ATVs)
during their motion caused by input from the road surface, a combined simulation
using CarSim and Simulink has been employed to validate an active anti-rollover
control strategy based on differential braking for ATVs, followed by vehicle
testing. In the research process, a nonlinear three-degrees-of-freedom vehicle
model has been developed. By utilizing a zero-moment point index as a rollover
warning indicator, this approach could accurately detect the rollover status of
the vehicle, particularly in scenarios involving low road adhesion on unpaved
surfaces, which are characteristic of ATV operation. The differential braking,
generating a roll moment by adjusting the amount of lateral force each braked
tire can generate, was proved as an effective method to enhance rolling
stability. Simulation and on-road testing results indicated that this control
strategy effectively monitored the state of the ATV and enhanced the stability
during rollover tests.
Influence of Machining Parameters on Tungsten Carbide Inserts in
ANSYS Analysis of Maraging Steel Machining
Authors: Balasubramanian K. , Jeyakumar R. , Rajendran C. , Kandavalli Sumanth Ratna
Published: April 2024

The machining process is employed to transform a workpiece into a predefined
geometry with the assistance of a cutting tool. Throughout this process, the
cutting tool undergoes various adverse effects, including deformation, stress,
thermal gradient, and more, all of which impact tool sharpness, surface finish,
and tool life. These outcomes are also influenced by cutting parameters,
specifically cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The present
investigation aims to demonstrate the application of ANSYS analysis software in
predicting stress, deformation, thermal gradient, and other factors on the tool
insert tip for various machining parameters. To achieve this, an experimental
setup was arranged to collect cutting force and temperature data using a
dynamometer and thermocouples during the machining process of maraging steel
with a tungsten carbide tool insert. Experiments were conducted with different
combinations of machining parameters using design of experiments (DoE). The
measured cutting forces and temperatures for various machining parameters served
as input for the analysis of stress, deformation, temperature gradient, and heat
flux. The effects of these parameters are tabulated, and inferences are made for
optimization.
Encodability Criteria for Quantum Based Systems
Authors: Schmitt Anna , Peters Kirstin , Deng Yuxin
Published: April 2024

Quantum based systems are a relatively new research area for that different
modelling languages including process calculi are currently under development.
Encodings are often used to compare process calculi. Quality criteria are used
then to rule out trivial or meaningless encodings. In this new context of
quantum based systems, it is necessary to analyse the applicability of these
quality criteria and to potentially extend or adapt them. As a first step, we
test the suitability of classical criteria for encodings between quantum based
languages and discuss new criteria. Concretely, we present an encoding, from a
language inspired by CQP into a language inspired by qCCS. We show that this
encoding satisfies compositionality, name invariance (for channel and qubit
names), operational correspondence, divergence reflection, success
sensitiveness, and that it preserves the size of quantum registers. Then we
show that there is no encoding from qCCS into CQP that is compositional,
operationally corresponding, and success sensitive.
Building the Ecoliteracy Intelligent of Student Through the Citizen Project Model at FKIP UNIBBA
Authors: Widianto Febri Restu , Handani Sari Sri , Mustika Dena
Published: April 2024

This research is motivated by the challenges faced by humans today related to the environment. Ecoliteracy intelligence needs to be developed especially for FKIP students at the University of Bale Bandung, who are prospective educators to create environmentally friendly character- based learning. This study aims to analyze: (1) the eco-literacy intelligence of FKIP Bale University Bandung students; (2) Factors that become obstacles and potential in building eco- literacy intelligence for FKIP UNIBBA students; and (3) The implementation of eco-literacy competencies through project citizens. The method used was a survey in four study programs, with respondents consisting of study program heads/secretaries, teaching staff, and students. The results of the study show that (1) In general, FKIP UNIBBA students have good eco- literacy intelligence in preserving the environment; (2) The potential effort to increase students' eco- literacy intelligence is implemented in an integrated curriculum in each study program, especially those related to ethics and environmental awareness courses, a global perspective, PLSBS Sundanese Culture which is a special subject based on local wisdom of FKIP UNIBBA. Meanwhile, the obstacles in efforts to increase the eco-literacy intelligence of FKIP UNIBBA students are the absence of a policy to provide a special budget for the provision of environmentally friendly facilities; (3) The project citizen model is a character-based learning model to create smart and wise citizens who are built through ecological intelligence. Strategic policies to create a green and environmentally friendly campus need to be improved.
The occurrence of thiouracil in pig and bovine urine collected from Croatian farms
Authors: Kudumija Nina , Pleadin Jelka , Lešić Tina , Vratarić Darija , Petrović Danijela , Vulić Ana
Published: April 2024

Thyrostats are a group of forbidden substances in food producing animals that increase water absorption in muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. These substances can be abused as illegal growth promoters as oral drugs on farms before slaughtering. The consequences of their illegal use on farm animals include higher yield though inferior meat quality, while these substances also pose a potential risk to human health, and so their application is banned in European Union Member States. Thiouracil (2-thiouracil) (TU) is the representative, and belongs to the group of thyrostats but also can be naturally present in the urine of farm animals fed with feed containing Brassicaceae species. The aim of this study was to monitor TU concentrations in pig and bovine urine in the period from 2015 to 2023. For this purpose, 391 urine samples were collected as a part of the National Residue Control Plan (NRCP) and TU concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. TU was detected in 89 of 391 samples, or 22.76%. TU concentration ranged from 1.66 to 28.30 μg/L, and a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was determined in urine TU concentrations between pigs and bovines. Mean concentrations of TU varied by year, and ranged from 1.66 to 8.06 μg/L in pig urine and from 5.92 to 13.68 μg/L in bovine urine. None of the analysed urine samples contained TU concentration in excess of 30 μg/L, which is the cut-off value to distinguish potentially natural origin resulting from a cruciferous diet (Brassicaceae species). The results exclude the possibility of abuse of this substances in the livestock industry in the Republic of Croatia.
E-Government Development: Catalysing Agile Governance Transformation in Indonesia
Authors: Mutiarin Dyah , Khaerah Nur , Nyssa Andi Visca Irfa , Nasrulhaq Nasrulhaq
Published: April 2024

E-government is considered a crucial instrument for service transformation as it is believed to assist in achieving the government’s objectives by functioning as a flexible digital service platform for development. Nevertheless, our understanding of its potential impact on governance remains limited, particularly regarding the advancements made in digital-based services for the public sector inside government and the resulting level of public satisfaction. This study examines the crucial significance of e-government in the restructuring of agile governance in Indonesia. Qualitative research methods are employed for this research. Data related to the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) are collected through the United Nations website. After successfully retrieving the data and presenting it in a suitable format, the authors analysed Indonesia’s overall EGDI score and examined individual EGDI indicator levels. The findings show that the Indonesian government has accelerated the implementation of e-government, catalysing the digitalisation of governance and improving efficiency, transparency and public engagement. The report asserts that e-government can revolutionise governance in Indonesia, rendering it more agile and responsive. Nevertheless, a requirement remains to enhance and augment the e-government infrastructure and implement policies that foster digital inclusivity to bolster Indonesia’s governance capabilities. By bolstering e-governance, the government will enhance its efficacy in addressing forthcoming crises and augment citizen participation in policy formulation.