bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to obtain and identify the acetabular anterior column axial view projection in patients?
Authors: Feng Xiaoreng , Fan Huijie , Leung Frankie , Chen Bin
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

This study aims at sharing our experience as how to obtain and identify axial view image of the acetabular anterior column in patients.

Methods:

Pelvic computed tomography data of six normal adults were used to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) models. The transparency of each 3D model was downgraded at the view perpendicular to the cross section of the anterior column axis to simulate the anterior column axial view image. Fluoroscopy was performed in all patients to obtain the anterior column axial view image in the operating room. Each fluoroscopic image was compared with the corresponding simulation image to analyze potential anatomic landmarks that were helpful to identify the translucent area (projection of the screw path) in the patients.

Results and Conclusions:

To obtain ideal anterior column axial fluoroscopic image, the patient should be positioned supine with the leg of “abnormal side” straight and contralateral side flexion, abduction, and external rotation; the C-arm machine should be placed at the caudal end of the operation table with the C-arm fluoroscopic intensifier first positioned at the pelvic lateral view and then tilted approximately 30° toward the “abnormal side” and rotated approximately 45° toward the caudal end of the operation table. To identify the translucent area on the anterior column axial view fluoroscopic image obtained from the patient, the greater sciatic notch, the true pelvis edge, and the acetabulum should be identified first and the translucent area is located in the area surrounded by these three anatomic landmarks.
Chinese Exclusion and the Open Door with China: Structural Contradictions and the 'Chaos' of Law, 1882-1910
Authors: Calavita Kitty
Published: January 2017

This article examines the structural contradictions underlying the difficulties of implementing the Chinese exclusion laws first enacted by the US Congress in 1882. I argue that these contradictions were grounded in the material and ideological conditions of the period, were reproduced in the unwieldy logic of the exclusion laws, and emerged as unresolvable enforcement dilemmas. Most important, the anti-Chinese racism on which the exclusion laws were based clashed with economic interests driven by the promise of lucrative trade with China. Using unpublished archival materials, the Congressional Record and Congressional reports, as well as annual reports of the enforcement bureaucracy, I show that exceptions to the exclusions for Chinese merchants were an attempt to reconcile this contradiction, and in turn generated formidable enforcement problems. Further, I argue that the impossibility of making sharp binary distinctions between merchants and 'coolies', and the humiliating procedures involved in the futile effort to do so, subjected the Immigration Bureau to criticism from exclusionists for their failure to detect fraud, and from the Chinese and their advocates in the business community for their harsh practices. The implications for sociolegal studies more generally are examined in the conclusion.
Chrom3D: three-dimensional genome modeling from Hi-C and nuclear lamin-genome contacts
Authors: Paulsen Jonas , Sekelja Monika , Oldenburg Anja R. , Barateau Alice , Briand Nolwenn , Delbarre Erwan , Shah Akshay , Sørensen Anita L. , Vigouroux Corinne , Buendia Brigitte , Collas Philippe
Published: January 2017

Current three-dimensional (3D) genome modeling platforms are limited by their inability to account for radial placement of loci in the nucleus. We present Chrom3D, a user-friendly whole-genome 3D computational modeling framework that simulates positions of topologically-associated domains (TADs) relative to each other and to the nuclear periphery. Chrom3D integrates chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and lamin-associated domain (LAD) datasets to generate structure ensembles that recapitulate radial distributions of TADs detected in single cells. Chrom3D reveals unexpected spatial features of LAD regulation in cells from patients with a laminopathy-causing lamin mutation. Chrom3D is freely available on github.
The Evolution of China’s One-Child Policy and Its Effects on Family Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Junsen
Published: January 2017

In 1979, China introduced its unprecedented one-child policy, under which households exceeding the birth quota were penalized. However, estimating the effect of this policy on family outcomes turns out to be complicated. China had already enacted an aggressive family planning policy in the early 1970s, and its fertility rates had already dropped sharply before the enactment of the one-child policy. The one-child policy was also enacted at almost the same time as China's market-oriented economic reforms, which triggered several decades of rapid growth, which would also tend to reduce fertility rates. During the same period, a number of other developing countries in East Asia and around the world have also experienced sharp declines in fertility. Overall, finding defensible ways to identify the effect of China's one-child policy on family outcomes is a tremendous challenge. I expound the main empirical approaches to the identification of the effects of the one-child policy, with an emphasis on their underlying assumptions and limitations. I then turn to empirical results in the literature. I discuss the evidence concerning the effects of the one-child policy on fertility and how it might affect human capital investment in children. Finally I offer some new exploratory and preliminary estimates of the effects of the one-child policy on divorce, labor supply, and rural-to-urban migration.
The New Life Cycle of Women's Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops
Authors: Goldin Claudia , Mitchell Joshua
Published: January 2017

A new life cycle of women's employment emerged with cohorts born in the 1950s. For prior cohorts, life-cycle employment had a hump shape; it increased from the twenties to the forties, hit a peak, and then declined starting in the fifties. The new life cycle of employment is initially high and flat, there is a dip in the middle, and a phasing out that is more prolonged than for previous cohorts. The hump is gone, the middle is a bit sagging, and the top has greatly expanded. We explore the increase in cumulative work experience for women from the 1930s to the 1970s birth cohorts using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the Health and Retirement Study. We investigate the changing labor force impact of a birth event across cohorts and by education, and also the impact of taking leave or quitting. We find greatly increased labor force experience across cohorts, far less time out after a birth, and greater labor force recovery for those who take paid or unpaid leave. Increased employment of women in their older ages is related to more continuous work experience across the life cycle.
Human Capital and China’s Future Growth
Authors: Li Hongbin , Loyalka Prashant , Rozelle Scott , Wu Binzhen
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we consider the sources and prospects for economic growth in China with a focus on human capital. First, we provide an overview of the role that labor has played in China's economic success. We then describe China's hukou policy, which divides China's labor force into two distinct segments, one composed of rural workers and the other of urban workers. For the rural labor force, we focus on the challenges of raising human capital by both increasing basic educational attainment rates as well as the quality of education. For the urban labor force, we focus on the issues of further expanding enrollment in college education as well as improving the quality of college education. We use a regression model to show the typical relationship between human capital and output in economies around the world and demonstrate how that relationship has evolved since 1980. We show that China has made substantial strides both in the education level of its population and in the way that education is being rewarded in its labor markets. However, as we look ahead, our results imply that China may find it impossible to maintain what appears to be its desired growth rate of 7 percent in the next 20 years; a growth rate of 3 percent over the next two decades seems more plausible. Finally, we present policy recommendations, which are rooted in the belief that China continues to have substantial room to improve the human capital of its labor force.
CLIMATIC CHANGES: ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE OR NATURALLY INDUCED PHENOMENON
Authors: Foscolos A.E.
Published: January 2017

By the end of the 18th century eminent scientists explained the climatic changes on the basis of temperature and the ensuing glacial retreat. This disturbing observation led many prominent scientists to send air balloons equipped with special devices to trap air from the lower atmosphere in order to measure CO2 concentrations. Ninety thousand (90,000) measurements were carried out at 138 locations in 4 continents between 1810 and 1961. The data indicated that atmospheric CO2 concentrations, during the 19th century varied between 290 and 430 ppm (with an average of 322 ppm for the pre-industrial period). For the 20th century, the average concentration is 338 ppm when combined with comparable CO2 measurements carried out by Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, USA (1958- 2000). Measurement precision is ±3%. Based on thermometric measurements, the mean average temperature increase from 1850 to the present is 0.75o C (0.44o C/100 years) with the following fluctuations. From 1850 to 1940 the temperature increased by +0.6o C, while from 1941 to 1975 temperature dropped by -0.2o C. From 1976 to 1998, the temperature rose by +0.35o C. From 1999 to 2006 temperature increase was nil. Finally, since 2007 the Mean Annual Temperature of Earth’s surface has substantially decreased. As far as CO2 concentration in the air’s atmosphere is concerned, it has been well documented that during the Holocene Epoch there is a substantial time lag between maximum temperatures recorded during the Interglacial periods and maximum CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Moreover, the same time lag is documented between 1850 and 1980, where CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere lag behind the increase of temperature for more than 100 years. A parallel increase of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and temperature increase is observed only between 1981 and 1995. No correlation is seen thereafter. The divergence is substantial from 2003 to the present where CO2 concentrations are increased while temperatures are decreased. These interpretations exclude any correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature fluctuations. Hence, in order to explain the well documented climatic changes the influence of many natural climate drivers should be accepted. Key words: climatic changes, temperatures, CO2 concentrations.
INTERMEDIATE TERM EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION BASED ON INTEREVENT TIMES OF MAINSHOCKS AND ON SEISMIC TRIGGERING
Authors: Papazachos B.C. , Karakaisis G.F. , Papazachos C.B. , Scordilis E.M.
Published: January 2017

Two models, which contribute to the knowledge on intermediate term earthquake prediction are further examined, improved and applied. The first of these models, called Time and Magnitude Predictable (TIMAP) regional model is based on repeat times of mainshocks generated by tectonic loading on a network of faults which are located in a certain seismic region (faults’ region). The second model, called Decelerating-Accelerating Strain (D-AS) model, is based on triggering of a mainshock by its preshocks. Parameters of the TIMAP model have been specified for the Aegean area and applied by a backward test in 86 circular faults’ regions of this area. The test shows the validity of this time dependent model with 29% false alarms. Data concerning decelerating and accelerating seismic (Benioff) strain, which preceded 46 strong (M≥6.3) recent mainshocks in a variety of global seismotectonic regimes, show that the generation of a mainshock is triggered by quasi-static stress changes due to accelerating preshocks which occur in a broad (critical) region and by static stress changes due to the large number (frequency of occurrence) of small preshocks generated in a narrow (seismogenic) region. Retrospective predictions (postdictions) of these 46 mainshocks by the D–AS model confirms previous results concerning the prediction uncertainties (2σ) of the model in the origin time (± 2.5 years), epicenter location (≤ 150 km) and magnitude (± 0.4) of an ensuing mainshock with a probability ~ 80%. Information is also given on the successful prediction by the D-AS model of: 1) the Cythera strong (M = 6.9) earthquake which occurred on 8 January 2006 in the southwestern part of the Hellenic Arc and 2) of the Rhodes strong (M = 6.4) earthquake which occurred on 15 July 2008 in the Eastern part of this Arc. A backward combined application of both models in the Aegean area shows an uncertainty ≤120km in the epicenter location of an ensuing mainshock.
ATLANTIS IN SPAIN II
Authors: Papamarinopoulos S.P.
Published: January 2017

Plato, who lived in the 4th century B.C., wrote the dialogue Timaeos and Critias when he was 52 years old. In this he describes a catastrophe in Athens from an earthquake in the presence of excessive rain. He also describes several details, not visible in his century, in the Acropolis of Athens. These details are a spring and architectural details of buildings in which the warriors used to live. In Critias he mentions that the destruction of the spring was caused by an earthquake. The time of the catastrophe of Atlantis was not defined by him but it is implied that it occurred after the assault of the Atlantes in the Mediterranean. Archaeological excavations confirmed the existence of the spring which was about 25 m deep with respect to the present day walking level. Archaeologically dated ceramics, found at its bottom, denote the last function of the spring was in very early 12th century B.C. Plato describes the warriors’ settlements which were found outside of the fortification wall in the North East of the Acropolis. The philosopher, who was not a historian, describes a general catastrophe in Greece from which the Greek language survived till his century. Archaeological studies have offered a variety of tablets of Linear B writings which turn out to be the non-alphabetic type of writing of the Greeks up to the 12th century B.C. before the dark ages commence. Modern geoarchaeological and palaeoseismological studies prove that seismic storms occurred in the East Mediterranean between 1225 and 1175 B.C. The result of a fifty-year period of earthquakes was the catastrophe of many late Bronze Age palaces or settlements. For some analysts both Athens and Atlantis presented in Timaeos and Critias are imaginary entities. They maintained that the imaginary conflict between Athens and Atlantis served Plato to produce the first world’s “science fiction” and gave the Athenians an anti-imperialistic lesson through his fabricated myth. However, a part of this “science fiction”, Athens of Critias, is proved a reality of the 12th century B.C., described only by Plato and not by historians, such as Herodotus, Thucydides and others. Analysts of the past have mixed Plato’s fabricated Athens presented in his dialogue Republic with the non-fabricated Athens of his dialogue Critias. This serious error has deflected researchers from their target to interpret Plato’s text efficiently.
ATLANTIS IN SPAIN VI
Authors: Papamarinopoulos S.P
Published: January 2017

Plato described the end of Atlantis very vividly in a single day and night due to earthquakes and floods and nobody believed him because all experts imagined the impossibility of the giant island’s continental size in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean to vanish in 24 hours. They did not care to understand that Plato meant three different geographic and geological entities all called by him Atlantis which were the giant island, the horseshow basin and the concentric rater. Following Plato’s text that giant island was identified as the peninsula of Portugal-Spain and its northern extend. They did not even care to interpret correctly a genuine myth’s kernel which belonged in the end of the Bronze Age considering the island’s change of meaning versus time from prehistory to history both for the Egyptian and the Greek language up to Solon’s visit in Egypt in the 6th century B.C. This, mentioned above negligence, produced delay in understanding a complex problem which required a very good geological background besides other trans-scientific knowledge in archaeology, philology, mythology and mathematics in order to be faced properly. The loss of a nature made multi-ringed crater, which Plato also called Atlantis, in Andalusia’s palaecoast in the end of the Bronze Age due to earthquakes, a tsunami and land slide constitutes the end of Atlantis.
EARTHQUAKES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Authors: Makropoulos K. C
Published: January 2017

The most important natural hazard in Greece is earthquake. The earthquake phenomenon can be explained using the theory of Plate Tectonics. Greece lies in the middle of the collision between two major tectonic plates, the Eurasian and the African, resulting in a very fragmented geotectonic regime. From the point of energy released, half of the European seismic energy is released within the Greek territory. Thus, the ways and means of reducing the seismic risk, that is the consequences from an earthquake, is for Greece of vital importance. The seismic risk is the convolution of the seismic hazard and the vulnerability of the specific area. From those factors, the vulnerability, which expresses the weakness or the sensitivity of the system and the value at risk during an earthquake, is the only parameter that can and should be minimized. The accomplishment of such an important task requires a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches. In terms of the top-down approach, the Earthquake Planning and Protection Organisation’s, (E.P.P.O.), main target is to plan the national policy for earthquake protection, as well as to coordinate the public and private resources for the implementation of this policy, through issuing regulations, guidelines for emergency situation or for strengthening existing buildings including monuments of cultural heritage value e.t.c. EPPO also has a strong educational/training focus, targeting inter alia schools and hospitals. Of importance are also bottom up approaches, often at the personal level, which include useful measures concerning the proper behaviour before, during and after a destructive earthquake. These approaches are also part of the EPPO mandate and focus.
ENERGY RESOURCES OF GREECE: FACTS AND MYTHS
Authors: Christanis K.
Published: January 2017

Energy is essential for human life and civilization being extremely crucial for the continuation of human development. The main concern worldwide is to meet rising demand for energy in a sustainable way and at reasonable cost. Greece has significant lignite and some uranium reserves and remarkable potentials in renewable sources. However, the primary energy mix used in the country today is based on lignite and imported oil and gas, the latter increasing country’s dependency on foreign suppliers, while renewable sources play a minor role. The public opinion is misinformed and sometimes confused in respect of some aspects concerning energy issues. This strongly influences important decisions on energy projects and in overall, the energy policy of the country.
CRUSTAL MOVEMENTS ALONG THE NW HELLENIC VOLCANIC ARC FROM DGPS MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Papageorgiou E.
Published: January 2017

The north-western part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc was studied by Differential GPS measurements in an attempt to investigate the regional deformation of the area. The GPS network involving stations in Athens, Aegina Island, Methana Peninsula and Soussaki was established in February 2006 and since then it was reoccupied twice. The GPS measurements were primarily referred to Worldfixed reference frame (ITRF2000) and then to Europe and Athens as well. The observed velocities for the overall three-year spanning period according to Athens station showed rates at the order of 7-10 mm/yr, while the directions of the displacements tend towards NNW to NNE. The results of the horizontal velocities with respect to Europe indicate rates of SW directions, exhibiting higher magnitudes (25-26±2mm/yr) in the western and southern part of the Saronikos Gulf than in its central part (20±7 mm/yr). The horizontal velocities with respect to ITRF2000 showed consistent SE directions with higher rates in Aegina (12±7 mm/yr) than in Soussaki and Methana (9±3 mm/yr). A kinematic interpretation based on velocity and strain rates is finally attempted on the basis of the regional tectonics in the Saronikos Gulf.
RECENT GEOMORPHIC CHANGES AND ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES IN THE DELTAIC PLAIN OF PINIOS RIVER IN CENTRAL GREECE
Authors: Gaki-Papanastassiou K. , Karymbalis E. , Maroukian H.
Published: January 2017

The Pinios river delta is a Late Holocene arcuate type delta, located in the southern Thermaikos gulf (Central Greece). In order to determine the processes which contributed in the recent configuration of the delta, a detailed geomorphic map at the scale of 1:5000 has been prepared showing both the deltaic plain and the coastal zone features using GIS techniques. Comparative examinations of aerial photographs taken in different dates and reliable maps of the last two centuries along with field observations depict recent changes of the delta morphology. The most important factors for the development of the delta are fluvial sedimentation, wave activity and longshore currents in a tectonically active area. Land uses throughout the delta plain have been mapped in an attempt to identify socio-economic activities. The dominant feature in the deltaic plain is the numerous abandoned meandering channels. The delta shoreline is generally retreating due to marine processes especially where former river mouths occur. Finally, various future sea-level rise scenarios have been analyzed and an assessment of the impacts of the potential global future sea-level rise to the delta is estimated.
THE GREEK CATALOGUE OF ACTIVE FAULTS AND DATABASE OF SEISMOGENIC SOURCES
Authors: Pavlides S. , Caputo R. , Sboras S. , Chatzipetros A. , Papathanasiou G. , Valkaniotis S.
Published: January 2017

The new reasearch project to create the Greek Catalogue of Active Faults and Database of Seismogenic Sources has three major goals: (i) the systematic collection of all available information concerning neotectonic, active and capable faults as well as broader seismogenic volumes within the Aegean Region; the search will be mainly based on geological and geophysical data; (ii) the quantification of the principal seismotectonic parameters of the different sources and the associated degree of uncertainty; (iii) to supply an integrated view of potentially damaging seismogenic sources for a better assessment of the Seismic Hazard of Greece. The informatic framework of the database follows that used for the Italian Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS). In this paper we present the architecture of the new Database of Active faults of the broader Aegean Area relative to Greece, the progress made up to present and the following activities yet to be accomplished.
FAULTING DEFORMATION OF THE MESOHELLENIC TROUGH IN THE KASTORIA-NESTORION REGION (WESTERN MACEDONIA, GREECE)
Authors: Tranos M. D , Mountrakis D.M. , Papazachos C. B , Karagianni E. , Vamvakaris D.
Published: January 2017

The Kastoria-Nestorion region, which belongs to the Tertiary MesoHellenic Trough (MHT), is a low relief NW-SE trending intermountainous basin filled with Tertiary molasse-type sedimentary rocks and nowadays drained by the Aliakmnonas River and its tributaries. In the present work, the large fault zones in the region and the general fault pattern are defined, mapped and described with the aid of satellite images. In addition, a large number of fault-slip data from the mesoscale exposed faults has been recorded, in order to better understand the faulting geometry and kinematics of the region. The stress-inversion analysis of these fault-slip data in comparison with earthquake faultplane solution information permits us to define the stress regimes imposed to the region from the Late Tertiary up to the present and to correlate them with the late orogenic and post-orogenic deformation of the Hellenic orogen. In particular, five stress regimes have been defined from which the former two (D1 and D2) are related to the late collisional processes between the Apulia and Eurasia plates, the next two events (D3 and D4) are related to the present-day Hellenic subduction zone, whereas the last D5 event which is the active deformation of the region appears as an intra-continental or intra-plate deformation more related with the Adria-Eurasia ongoing convergence rather with the Hellenic subduction zone.
MORPHOTECTONIC ANALYSIS OF SOUTHERN ARGOLIS PENINSULA (GREECE) BASED ON GROUND AND SATELLITE DATA BY GIS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Vassilopoulou S.
Published: January 2017

Southern Argolis Peninsula is an interesting Geological and Geomorphological area due to the variety of the geological structures and the interchange on the terrain. Ground and remote sensing data, relating to geology and tectonics, were compiled with terrain analysis data in a GIS data base, in order to perform morpho-tectonic analysis in the Southern Argolis Peninsula. Terrain analysis data were automatically produced by the specific software “PROANA” (based on ArcGIS). The main direction of Southern Argolis Terrain is E-W. The same direction is observed from the rose-diagrams of morphological discontinuities. The hydrographic network has a NW-SE main direction. The depositional planation surfaces (0-5%) that are located near the coast are related with neotectonic faults. The direction of the Faulting Zones is mainly ESE-WNW and E-W. The most active tectonic structures were observed to the southern and south-western area of Southern Argolis Peninsula, towards Kranidi and Argolikos Gulf.
PROBABILISTIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT, USING ARIAS INTENSITY EQUATION, IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE GULF OF CORINTH (GREECE)
Authors: Zygouri V.
Published: January 2017

Shallow earthquakes cause serious damage near the trace of faults. The growth of major cities in hazard prone areas and the public anxiety associated with risks in critical facilities has focused attention to those areas. The Gulf of Corinth constitutes an area prone to high seismicity. During the last 2000 years several strong seismic events have caused extensive collapses, death casualties and widespread landslide phenomena. Strong motion attenuation relationships are considered a significant parameter for any earthquake hazard analysis. Attenuation relationships used in probabilistic hazard assessments predict ground motions components (in this case arias intensity) as a function of source parameters (magnitude and mechanism), propagation path (fault distance) and site effects (site class). In the eastern part of the Gulf of Corinth arias intensity equations were applied for a number of large E-W trending faults dominating the seismic potential of the area. Those faults have already been associated with landslide phenomena according to historic records and by using new methodologies a probabilistic approach of their behaviour has been accomplished for different recurrence intervals.
Επιστολές του Ι. Μ. Παναγιωτόπουλου και η Γνωριμία των Γραμμάτων μας στο Εξωτερικό
Authors: Κριαράς Εμμανουήλ
Published: January 2017

[Χωρίς περίληψη]
Μεταπολεμικό Ελληνικό Θέατρο Συνθήκες Πρόσληψης και Μηχανισμοί Αφομοίωσης του Ξένου Προτύπου
Authors: Γραμματάς Θόδωρος
Published: January 2017

[Χωρίς περίληψη]
Recent advances in managing systemic sclerosis
Authors: Aringer Martin , Erler Anne
Published: January 2017

How the main components in systemic sclerosis—namely autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis—fit together is still not sufficiently clear. However, vascular treatment options are well established, the body of evidence for the efficacy of immunomodulatory approaches is increasing, and now at least one hopeful substance that may directly interfere with fibrosis is being tested. Although we still wait for important breakthroughs, there is grounds for hope that better therapeutic options will be available in the near future.
To the 120th anniversary of A.L. Chizhevsky’s birth
Authors: Гульельми Анатолий , Guglielmi Anatol , Рубан Владимир , Ruban Vladimir
Published: January 2017

Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (1897–1964) is the founder of heliobiology. This paper is presented as a scientific essay and is dedicated to the memory of Chizhevsky. We briefly discuss an unusual aspect of heliobiology. It is closely related to the question whether living organisms are macroscopic quantum objects. There is no scientifically grounded answer to the question, but many scientists are inclined to give a positive answer based on indirect evidence. The project of biophysical experiment using an original device for excitation of the field of vector potential is described in the hope that in future such types of experiments will make it possible to clarify the question.
Backscattering dynamics during intense geomagnetic storm as deduced from Yekaterinburg radar data: March 17–22, 2015
Authors: Золотухина Нина , Zolotukhina Nina , Куркин Владимир , Kurkin Vladimir , Полех Неля , Polekh Nelya , Романова Елена , Romanova Elena
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the spatio-temporal dynamics of backscattering signals during St. Patrick’s Day two-step intense geomagnetic storm from the Yekaterinburg Coherent Radar (YeKB-radar) data. It is found that a number of ground backscattering signals increased during the initial phase of the storm and decreased during the second step of its main phase and the first two days of its recovery phase. Changes in ionospheric backscattering signals started at the beginning of the main phase. During the first step, a six-hour sequence of ionospheric backscattering signals (BSi-signals), which shifted from far to close ranges while the storm was in progress. During the last 5 hours of the main phase and the first 3 hours of the recovery phase, the YeKB radar observed only signals scattering in the E region of the ionosphere. We conduct a complex analysis of data from the YeKB radar, ground-based ionospheric, riometric, and magnetic stations located within the radar field of view. The analysis shows that the observed backscattering dynamics was caused by the magnetosphere compression, expansion of convection vortices, impact ionization, and changes in atmospheric composition during the initial storm phase, first and second steps of the main phase, and the recovery phase, respectively.
Influence of January 2009 stratospheric warming on HF radio wave propagation in the low-latitude ionosphere
Authors: Котова Дарья , Kotova Daria , Клименко Максим , Klimenko Maksim , Клименко Владимир , Klimenko Vladimir , Захаров Вениамин , Zakharov Veniamin , Бессараб Федор , Bessarab Fedor , Кореньков Юрий , Korenkov Yuriy
Published: January 2017

For the first time, we consider the effect of the January 23–27, 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event on HF radio wave propagation in the equatorial ionosphere. This event took place during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. We use the simulation results obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) for simulating environmental changes during the SSW event. We both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduce total electron content disturbances obtained from global ground network receiver observations of GPS navigation satellite signals, by setting an additional electric potential and TIME-GCM model output at a height of 80 km. In order to study the influence of this SSW event on HF radio wave propagation and attenuation, we use the numerical model of radio wave propagation based on geometrical optics approximation. It is shown that a sudden stratospheric warming leads to radio signal attenuation in the day-time equatorial ionosphere.
Sociocultural Foundations of Communication in Contemporary Society
Authors: Родин  , Rodin A.
Published: January 2017

The problem of communication is considered as a phenomenon existing in the context of the interrelationship between the similarities and differences. The differences are connected with legitimation of interest in the subject of communication practices within the socio-cultural society (the similarities). It is revealed that the communication society culture exists as a unity of closely interrelated aspects — subjective and personal. The need for approval of the communicative model of personality as a multicultural entity creates prerequisites for radical changes in life strategy, the key points that make up the skills to be included in the growing complexity of communication networks, including the ability to create a new system of relationships

(self-organization). All this does not only make the differences in culture explicit, but also stimulates the next stage of the socio-cultural development. It is concluded that the position of the subject, which has new communicative consciousness, may be changed. The basis for the mechanism of personal comprehension of the world is an innovative activity of the multicultural subject.
The Peculiarity of Functioning of the Complex Syntactic Whole in the Media Text
Authors: Папуша
Published: January 2017

The article considers the peculiarities of functioning of the complex syntactic whole in the media text. Special attention is paid to the features of the complex syntactic whole as the implementation of the expanded expression and manifestation of the author’s ideas, which is neutralized in the objectified genres of journalism, but is transmitted through grammatical forms and categories of a closed group of sentences in the genres of the analytical subject-matter and contributes to the perception of the text by the recipient in accordance with the communicative intention of the addressor.
The Importance of the Knowledge of the Communicative Situation for the Accuracy of Interpretation
Authors: Дубинский  , Dubinskiy Vladimir
Published: January 2017

An interpreter should be aware of the communicative situation in order to give an adequate interpretation. On the one hand, an interpreter is not responsible for the content of the information to be translated. But on the other hand, he / she is responsible for the accuracy of interpretation. In such a mediative role the knowledge of the communicative situation is of great importance.The article considers the communicative situation as an object of the real intercourse on the basis of the interpretation of reports, speeches, discussions and other conversations, in which the participants of communication are the receivers of information.The knowledge of the situation helps the interpreter understand the speech intentions of the interlocutor and forsee possible utterances. The communicative situation predetermines the real situation which makes it possible for an interpreter to give an adequate translation.
Stylistic Features of Teenage Speech in the Novel “The Fault in Our Stars” by John Green
Authors: Татанова  , Tatanova L.
Published: January 2017

The article focuses on the stylistic peculiarities of teenage speech in the novel “The Fault in Our Stars” by John Green. The characters’ dialogues and monologues are analyzed in connection with the central themes of the book. The author highlights the fact that stylistic devices and expressive means used by the personages come from different stylistic layers. The protagonists’ speech abounds with linguistic elements typical of colloquial, oratorical and belles-lettres style. The juxtaposition of contrasting tropes and expressive means in the characters’ verbal communication accounts

for worldwide popularity of the novel.
La incorporación de lo indígena en el espacio urbano paceño a principios del siglo XX
Authors: Guevara Ordoñez Nadia Scarleth
Published: January 2017

Se realiza un análisis de las implicaciones de la entrada de la “modernidad” en el espacio urbano paceño y su relación con la configuración de las identidades y relatos sobre lo indígena a principios del siglo XX. El análisis se centra en la interconexión entre el discurso sobre modernidad, civilización y progreso con las operaciones físicas urbanas. Los aspectos a ser considerados parten del análisis de la operación de apertura del espacio paceño y su influencia sobre la especialización de los espacios públicos, la puesta en escena de los cuerpos en estos espacios y la regulación y prácticas de jerarquización a partir de la incorporación de nuevos medios de trasporte y la construcción de vías de comunicación.
Alcohol liaison: Does an in-reach model work?
Authors: Fernandez Jeff , Forsythe Moya
Published: January 2017

This article examines an important nursing role in hospital that tries to prevent re-admissions for alcohol-related illnesses. This role has developed over the last 10 years and is now present in most hospitals in England. This article describes a service in a hospital in Islington, London and examines the patient cohort. It describes the service and the other London boroughs it works with. It reviews the data from an evaluation taken at the end of 2015. It also looks at what is possible for the cohort of patients who present to this service through case studies, which illustrate where the service needs to focus most of its work on the clients who do eventually engage with community services. This is because it is seen that they have a high potential not to re-present to hospital. This will be proposed as the next stage of research to verify this finding further.
Reducing restrictive practice: Developing and implementing behavioural support plans
Authors: Clark Louise L , Shurmer Darren L , Kowara Dominika , Nnatu Ian
Published: January 2017

The importance of reducing restrictive practices in mental health settings is an issue of national importance. This article details the development and implementation of bespoke behavioural support plans at a large London mental health trust. The tool was developed and piloted by staff on a male psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU), caring for patients with complex mental and physical health needs. These patients present with challenging and acutely disturbed behaviour which cannot be managed in an open setting. The behavioural support plans are based on a biopsychopharmacosocial approach in conjunction with an appraisal of the patient's current environment and past incidents, to examine contributing factors to the patient's behaviour. This information is used to form a management plan, including primary, secondary and tertiary interventions, thus proactively reducing tertiary restrictive practices such as restraint, rapid tranquilisation and seclusion. The plans are now used trust-wide with patients who have complex needs. As a result of the success of this intervention, a second pilot is now underway, where behavioural support plans have replaced traditional care planning.
Attitudes to pharmacological treatments for depression
Authors: Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , Magrini Daniel Fernando , Miasso Adriana Inocenti , Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Borges Tatiana Longo
Published: January 2017

Adherence to pharmacological treatment is necessary to improve the prognosis of people with depression, but half are non-adherent, and views on medication strongly influence adherence. In this study, 25 people with depression were selected and followed at a Brazilian psychiatric clinic that treats moderate to severe depression. Data were collected from 2013 to 2014 from individual, audio-recorded, open interviews. The transcripts were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. People with depression were ambivalent and considered pharmacotherapy as ‘a necessary evil’. Depressive symptoms justified the need for pharmacotherapy, but hopelessness, avolition and difficulty in making decisions impaired adherence. Health professionals must promote hope, support and guidance to facilitate conscious and responsible decisions related to treatment.
A new beginning or the end of the old order?
Authors: McIntosh Bryan , McClelland Gabrielle Tracy
Published: January 2017

This commentary explores the Government's apprenticeship reform programme
Evidencing your character provision
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: January 2017

Evidencing what we know about our character education provision can seem challenging. However, a new and free resource is aiming to give schools a helping hand. Matt Bawden explains
Staying compliant
Authors: Pope Marianne
Published: January 2017

What do you really have to do to stay compliant this year? Do you know the requirements from the myths? Marianne Pope puts some commonly (mis)understood expectations to the test
Do Efficiency and Productivity Pay Off for Capital and Labor? A Note Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Thomas E. Lambert
Published: January 2017

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique that can be used to evaluate or benchmark the performance of different businesses, non-profit organizations, public sector agencies, and even national economies. DEA can compare these or any set of entities called decision-making units (DMUs) according to how well they minimize inputs in order to maximize output(s), or, in other words, evaluate the DMUs according to how efficient they are. This article uses DEA to compare and contrast 15 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations according to how efficiently they attained their national output levels through capital and labor inputs minimization at the peak of the last business cycle in 2007. Next, these efficiency scores as well as other measures of the income shares or returns to labor and capital for each economy are used in order to see if there is some type of support for an aggregate, economy-wide productivity theory of distribution. Although different measures of productivity have been used at aggregate levels to one degree or another to predict payments to factor inputs in order to assess marginal and average productivity theory, the research done for this article has not found any other works that have used DEA, and so this article seeks to make a new and perhaps unique empirical contribution to the literature on aggregate productivity theories of labor and capital income distribution.
Decent Work Deficit in India: A Disaggregated Trend over the Three Post-Reform Decades
Authors: Anamika Moktan
Published: January 2017

Decent work is one of the fundamental dimensions of the quality of life, as a large part of our lifetime is spent on working. Besides, this gives a sense of fulfilment and dignity. Apart from this, according to International Labour Organization, decent work is central to sustainable poverty reduction and is a means for achieving equitable, inclusive and sustainable development. This article is an attempt to measure the extent of decent work in India with the help of certain dimensions and indicators developed by International Labour Organization on decent work. It is based on Government of India's published data mainly on four quinquennial rounds: 1993–94, 1999–2000, 2004–05 and 2009–10. This article fundamentally suggests that there is a deficit in decent work in India, and over time, this deficit is increasing. Apart from this, there exist rural-urban gaps as well as gender gaps and most of these gaps are increasing over time. Besides, the condition of even the regular salaried/wage workers seems to be poor in terms of social security benefits and the freedom of association. It is also found out that though the growth in the service sectors and the organised manufacturing sectors may contribute to the quantity of employment, but from the perspectives of quality like social security and social dialogue of the regular salaried/wage workers, it seems to have negative and significant effect. This article finds out that growth may not be sufficient to ensure quality of employment in general.
The pedagogues educated abroad and their impact on the education in Serbia in the late 19th and the first half of the 20th century
Authors: Nikolova Maja
Published: January 2017

Serbian scholars have left a great mark in the field of science, culture, politics and social life in Serbia. After returning to their homeland they become the professors in High School, later the University, professors in gymnasiums, teachers schools, other schools and school for women. This is an opportunity to get familiar with the life and work of some pedagogues who have made their mark during special efforts in private life, hard work during the middle and high education, effective in practical work, and by showing original and literary activity. These pedagogues, with their life and work, were influenced on the creation of educational policy in Serbia since the late 19th to the middle of 20th century. All of them were educated in Europian university and with them the foreign influences came to Serbia. Their personal funds are in the Educational museum in Belgrade and their names are: Vojislav Bakic, Jovan Miodragovic, Vicentije Rakic, Vojislav Mladenovic and Vladimir Spasic.
Developments in Bulgarian Education: from the Ottoman Empire to the Nation-State and beyond, 1800-1940s
Authors: Daskalova Krassimira
Published: January 2017

This article aims at presenting the major developments of modern Bulgarian education during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It relies on statistical and other primary sources, and on secondary materials, and uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. The first part follows the development of the educational movement among Bulgarians, stimulated by the modernizing Tanzimat reforms (1839-1876) of the Ottoman Empire; the second part – tells the story of the state supported education after the establishment of the Bulgarian nation-state in 1878 up until 1944 when the communist came into power. The article pays special attention to the differences in women’s and men’s education and the gradual move towards greater gender equality in education during the second half of the 20th century.
Between Manipulation, Propaganda and Education – the Activity of the Romanian Journals for Children during the Communist Regime
Authors: Tagsorean Carmen
Published: January 2017

The Communist regime installed in Romania with the support of the Soviet army set out on a large-scale propaganda mission to implement the new ideology, backed up by new legislation. Children were one of the targeted age groups, and the strategies of indoctrination adopted confirmed that the Soviets had advanced knowledge concerning the stages of children’s cognitive development. Some of the most effective instruments in creating the «new man» were the periodicals dedicated to children, which were actually press organs of the Romanian Communist Party. However, this detail was ignored by most parents, and thought irrelevant to the children’s universe. A number of other factors secured the success of this means of propaganda: the trust and appreciation of these publications among children, an excellent distribution network, low acquisition cost, the limited number of books available, and reduced access to the same. In an era dominated by austerity in terms of communication and forms of entertainment, children’s periodicals represented an escape from the poverty and banality of everyday life.