bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hoe rechtvaardigheid ook tot rechtsonzekerheid leidt: loyaliteitsaandelen, verleden en toekomst
Authors: Vletter-van Dort H.M. , Keijzer T.A.
Published: March 2021

Hoe rechtvaardigheid ook tot rechtsonzekerheid leidt: loyaliteitsaandelen, verleden en toekomst

In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs de Mediaset-uitspraken van de rechtbank Amsterdam en het gerechtshof Amsterdam, die (onder meer) zien op loyaliteitsaandelen. Hoewel het hof het wat ons betreft bij het juiste eind had, is de onduidelijkheid rondom de eisen die aan de invoering van een loyaliteitsregeling gesteld worden met diens uitspraak wel toegenomen.
Ernstig verwijt revisited bij Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen 2020 en de evaluatie van de Wet bestuur en toezicht 2011
Authors: Westenbroek W.A.
Published: March 2021

Ernstig verwijt revisited bij Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen 2020 en de evaluatie van de Wet bestuur en toezicht 2011

De ‘ernstig verwijt’-problematiek binnen het bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsrecht is nog steeds onderwerp van discussie. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op hoe deze problematiek aan de orde is gekomen bij de evaluatie van de Wet bestuur en toezicht 2011 en bij de behandeling van de eind 2020 aangenomen Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen.
An exploration of trauma-informed practices in restorative justice: a phenomenological study
Authors: Christen-Schneider Claudia , Pycroft Aaron
Published: March 2021

An exploration of trauma-informed practices in restorative justice: a phenomenological study

While several studies identify trauma as a main risk factor for developing offending behaviour, the criminal justice system still largely ignores the problem, and the same seems to be true of restorative justice. This article offers a critical exploration of trauma-informed work with offenders using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The interviewees perceive a growing interest in the topic of trauma and trauma-informed care (TIC). However, they also identify several areas that seem to hinder a trauma-informed approach, not only with offenders but also with victims. One concern is the tendency to institutionalise restorative justice with an emphasis on efficiency, effectiveness and outcome orientation. The interviewees also perceive a revengeful and retributive attitude in their societies that does not condone restorative measures that seemingly favour offenders. This tendency appears even stronger in societies that have suffered from collaborative trauma and not recovered from it. Interviewees therefore advocate for raising awareness of trauma, the consequences of unhealed trauma and the need to work trauma-informed with all stakeholders, including offenders and the extended, affected community. They also appeal for increased training to be provided for practitioners in TIC and self-care as these areas seem essential to provide safe and beneficial processes for all stakeholders.
Using restorative justice to rethink the temporality of transition in Chile
Authors: de Haan Marit , Destrooper Tine
Published: March 2021

Using restorative justice to rethink the temporality of transition in Chile

Assumptions of linear progress and a clean break with the past have long characterised transitional justice interventions. This notion of temporality has increasingly been problematised in transitional justice scholarship and practice. Scholars have argued that a more complex understanding of temporalities is needed that better accommodates the temporal messiness and complexity of transitions, including their ongoingness, multilayeredness and multidirectionality. Existing critiques, however, have not yet resulted in a new conceptual framework for thinking about transitional temporalities. This article builds on insights from the field of restorative justice to develop such a framework. This framework foregrounds longer timelines, multilayered temporalities and temporal ecologies to better reflect reality on the ground and victims’ lived experiences. We argue that restorative justice is a useful starting point to develop such a temporal framework because of its actor-oriented, flexible and interactive nature and proximity to the field of transitional justice. Throughout this article we use the case of Chile to illustrate some of the complex temporal dynamics of transition and to illustrate what a more context-sensitive temporal lens could mean for such cases of unfinished transition.
Restriction of the owner’s right to dispose of and use the owner’s
premises in the event of a preventive measure being applied against
the owner under Article 275a of the Code of Criminal Procedure
Authors: Rogoziński Piotr
Published: March 2021

The author discusses the impact of a preventive measure in the form of an order to temporarily
vacate premises occupied together with an aggrieved party, imposed upon a person charged with
a violent offence committed to the detriment of the cohabiting person, on the exercise of civil-law
rights to the premises by the said accused, in particular when the accused is the owner of the
premises. The individual rights jointly constituting the property ownership right are analysed in
the context of a preventive measure referred to in Article 275a of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
The meaning of the notion of “premises” as used in the procedural law in relation to the preventive
measure and its relation with the civil law is examined as well. The article also features a summary
and conclusions.
Evaluation of the Impact on the Environment at Building and Reconstruction of Motorways Using the System Analysis Method
Authors: Khrutba Viktoriia , Anpilova Yevheniia , Lukianova Vitalina , Kotsiuba Iryna , Kriukovska Lesia , Spasichenko Oksana
Published: March 2021

From the point of view of the system approach, the interrelation in the system “highway repair – environment” was investigated, which allowed systematizing the main aspects of environmental impact during the technological process of road repair. As a result of the parametric analysis of the subsystems that make up the system, the main groups of environmental parameters that are subject to the effects of technological processes of road repair were identified. The mathematical model of cause-effect relationships in the system under study allows identifying the main aspects of environmental impact during technological processes of road construction and reconstruction. Its application in environmental impact assessment allows forming a criteria base for environmental impact assessment. The article defines the relationship between the process of performing a certain stage of repair work on the project of construction of the highway of state importance N-31 Dnipro – Tsarychanka – Kobeliaky – Reshetylivka and its impact on the environment.
Max-Min Processors Scheduling
Authors: Alquhayz Hani , Jemmali Mahdi
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the maximization of the minimum completion time on identical parallel processors. The objective of this maximization is to ensure fair distribution. Let a set of jobs to be assigned to several identical parallel processors. This problem is shown as NP-hard. The research work of this paper is based essentially on the comparison of the proposed heuristics with others cited in the literature review. Our heuristics are developed using essentially the randomization method and the iterative utilization of the knapsack problem to solve the studied problem. Heuristics are assessed by several instances represented in the experimental results. The results show that the knapsack based heuristic gives almost a similar performance than heuristic in a literature review but in better running time.
A Symmetric Key Multiple Color Image Cipher Based on Cellular Automata, Chaos Theory and Image Mixing
Authors: SundaraKrishnan K , SP RAJA , B JAISON
Published: March 2021

The transmission of significant masses of sensitive and secret images over a public network is inevitable, and demands effective tools and technology to safeguard and conceal the data. In this paper, a symmetric multiple color image encryption technique is proposed by adopting a dual permutation and dual substitution framework. Firstly, the input images are combined into a large image and then segmented into many small and equal-sized pure-image elements. Secondly, using the elementary cellular automata Rule-30, these pure-image elements are permuted to obtain mixed-image elements. Thirdly, second-level permutation is undertaken on the mixed-image elements by applying zigzag pattern scanning. Fourthly, pixel values are substituted by employing the circular shift method; subsequently, second-level pixel substitution is realized through using chaotic random sequences from a 2D logistic map. Finally, the big encrypted image is segmented into smaller encrypted images. Additionally, the keys are calculated from the input images to attain input sensitivity. The efficiency of this method is quantified, based on the unified average changing intensity (UACI), information entropy, number of pixels change rate (NPCR), key sensitivity, key space, histogram, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and correlation coefficient (CC) performance metrics. The outcome of the experiments and a comparative analysis with two similar methods indicate that the proposed method produced high security results.
Semiconductor Photocatalyst of Tin Oxide Quantum Dots Prepared in Aqueous Solution for Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Contaminated Water
Authors: LIU Jianqiao , HONG Ye , TIAN Xinyue , MENG Xiangxu , GAO Ge , HE Tiantian , NIE Yichen , JIN Guohua , ZHAI Zhaoxia , FU Ce
Published: March 2021

Stannous chloride and thiourea are used as source materials to prepare SnO2 quantum dots in the aqueous solution by a facile hydrolysis-oxidation process. The quantum dots have an average size of 1.9 nm with good dispersibility as well as long-term stability, and are validated to be an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of organic oil pollutants in contaminated water. The pollutant is removed by the quantum dots exposed to ultraviolet-visible irradiation at room temperature. The optimized condition is concluded to be a solution with quantum dot concentration of 10-3 mol/L and the degradation speed reaches the maximum at the 12 th hour after irradiation. After 48 hours, 91.9 % of octane is removed, concluding a high degradation efficiency. The prepared SnO2 quantum dots are potentially applicable in the remediation of marine environment as they hold the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and being environmental-friendly. The promotion and inhibition mechanisms of the photocatalytic SnO2 QDs at low and high concentrations are discussed.
Predictive Value of Lymph Node Ratio in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Attarian Mahdi , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Taghizadeh kermani Ali , Attarian Fahimeh , Amouian Sakineh , Najaf Najafi Mona
Published: March 2021

Background: Recently, the predictive value of lymph node ratio (LNR, the ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to total examined lymph nodes) has been evaluated in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. However, there is not enough evidence about the prognostic value of this factor. Objectives: We aimed at determining the value of LNR in predicting the survival of patients who have undergone the Whipple procedure. Methods: This cohort study was performed on 96 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing the Whipple procedure during 2014 - 2019. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data of the patients were extracted from their records and patients' survival status was determined through follow-up. LNR and its effect on survival was calculated using the Cox model. Results: Of the 96 eligible patients, 51 (53.13%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 57.1 ± 14.1 (range: 19 - 82) years. The median total lymph nodes examined was 7 (range: 1 - 27), and no metastatic lymph nodes were found in 57 (59.37%) patients. The median involved lymph nodes and LNR were 2 and 0.17, respectively. Patients with LNR > 0.20 had the lowest 1 and 3-year survival rates. Age (P = 0.04), surgical radial margin (P = 0.001), lymph node status (N0, N1) (P = 0.01), and LNR (P = 0.01) were the most important prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: LNR is a valuable indicator that can be used in patients with lymph node involvement as a prognostic factor for poor survival after the Whipple procedure. The lowest 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates were seen in patients with LNR > 0.20.
Reclassification of the doryctine tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
Authors: Belokobylskij Sergey A. , Zaldívar-Riverón Alejandro
Published: March 2021

The classification of the genera belonging to the doryctine tribe Rhaconotini (Braconidae) is updated. The following new taxa are described: Troporhaconotus gen. nov. (with 12 species), Afroipodoryctes subgen. nov. (of Ipodoryctes Granger, 1949) (with three species), Hexarhaconotinus subgen. nov. (of Rhaconotinus Hedqvist, 1965) (with ten species), Bathycentor zimbabwensis sp. nov., Ipodoryctes (Afroipodoryctes) reunionus sp. nov., I. (A.) saintphilippensis sp. nov., Platyspathius (Platyspathius) venezuelicus sp. nov., P. (P.) ranomafanus sp. nov., Rhacontsira haeselbarthi sp. nov., Rh. mozambiquensis sp. nov., Rh. saigonensis sp. nov. and Rh. toamasina sp. nov. The generic status of Euryphrymnus Cameron, 1910 is resurrected. The generic name Aptenobracon Marsh, 1965 is synonymised under Rhaconotus Ruthe, 1854 (syn. nov.); Rhaconotus asiaticus Belokobylskij, 1990 is synonymised under Rh. kerzhneri Belokobylskij, 1985 (syn. nov.). The new name, Rhaconotinus austrochinensis nom. nov., is suggested for the preoccupied name Rhaconotus chinensis Chen & Shi, 2004 (December) not Rhaconotus chinensis Belokobylskij & Chen, 2004 (June). New species contents, in many cases with numerous new combinations, are suggested for the genera Bathycentor Saussure, 1892, Euryphrymnus Cameron, 1910, Ipodoryctes Granger, 1949, Rhaconotinus Hedqvist, 1965 and Rhaconotus. The tribe Leptorhaconotini is synonymised with Rhaconotini based on previously published molecular phylogenetic studies, though we leave this group within the subtribe Leptorhaconotina.
Efficacy and interaction of dicamba-haloxyfop tank mixtures
Authors: Carvalho Saul Jorge Pinto de , Oliveira Veronica Gleice de , Vilela Maria Ester Pereira , Mendes Ana Carolina
Published: March 2021

The application of herbicide tank mixtures is a common practice in agricultural settings, especially for controlling weed communities with mono and eudicotyledons species occurring simultaneously. Therefore, thisstudy was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness and interaction of dicamba-haloxyfop tank mixtures used to control four weed species. For this, four different experiments were conducted, each with one of the plant species, namely: sourgrass (Digitaria insularis), horseweed (Conyza spp.), morning glory (Ipomoea triloba) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica). In each experiment, the experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, in a 4x4 factorial scheme of treatments, totaling 16 treatments with five replications, i.e., 80 plots of each species. Four doses of the herbicide dicamba (480, 240, 120 and 0 g ha-1) and four doses of the herbicide haloxyfop (60, 30, 15 and 0 g ha-1) were adopted. Percentage control was evaluated at 14 and 28 days after application (DAA) and mass of dry matter was evaluated at 28 DAA. Antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects were observed for dicamba-haloxyfop tank mixtures, with a greater preponderance of additive effects. Considering all four plant species, in different doses and dates of evaluation, 72 dicamba-haloxyfop interactions were evaluated, in which 50 were considered additives. However, the possibility of antagonism (9 interactions) or even synergy (13 interactions) cannot be ruled out, subjected to the influence of the herbicide dose, plant species and moment of evaluation.
Potencial produtivo de híbridos de mamona em diferentes densidades de plantas na segunda safra em ambiente estressante
Authors: Cruz Brenda Juliana Elias , Alves Danielle Cristina Lancarovici , Sá Rogério Oliveira de , Viana Ronaldo da Silva , Ferrari Samuel
Published: March 2021

A mamona (Ricinus communis L.) tem proporcionado relevância no plano agroindustrial do país pela qualidade do óleo produzido. A obtenção de híbridos adaptados às condições de cultivo em segunda safra e com características apropriadas ao cultivo mecanizado é visado através do melhoramento. Assim sendo, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar híbridos precoces de mamona em função de populações de plantas cultivados na região da Nova Alta Paulista em segunda safra. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x4, sendo três híbridos de mamona (AGIMA 110204, MIA e TAMAR) e quatro densidades de plantas por metro linear (2, 4, 6 e 8), com quatro repetições por tratamento. No dia 12 de abril de 2017 aconteceu a semeadura na fazenda de pesquisa da UNESP/FCAT – Campus de Dracena. As avaliações de desenvolvimento de plantas e características reprodutivas foram realizadas aos 138 dias após a emergência das plantas (DAE). Altura de plantas, números de racemos por planta, massa de cem grãos e leitura SPAD de clorofila nos tratamentos testados tiveram médias semelhantes. O híbrido TAMAR apresentou a maior altura de inserção do primeiro racemo, e junto com o hibrido MIA tiveram os maiores racemos produzidos. O diâmetro do caule de todos os híbridos apresentou redução linear em função do aumento da população de plantas na linha de semeadura. A produtividade de grãos dos híbridos foi de 1.784 kg ha-1 (TAMAR), 1.659 kg ha-1 (AGIMA 110204) e 1.547 kg ha-1 (MIA).
Global Coordination and Regulation of Tourism: Radicalizing Kant’s Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Jamal Tazim , Guia Jaume
Published: March 2021

Tourism is a complex phenomenon in scale and scope. Interrelated with other systems (ecological, social, economic, political) from the local to the global, its impacts and effects transcend borders, making coordination and regulation highly challenging. Global mobilities (both physical and virtual) and neoliberal globalization further complicate enabling just and sustainable tourism. New forms of governance are needed to address global threats like climate change and pandemics. This paper explores Immanuel Kant’s transcendental perspective on “perpetual peace” and traces his evolving cosmopolitanism over a decade of essays. We then turn towards what appears to be a contradictory, immanent posthumanist approach from Gilles Deleuze. Radicalizing Kant using Deleuze leads to a different concept of ‘normativity’, grounded in an ideal of perpetual self-critique and self-creation. Such a critical, affirmative ethic opens possibilities for situated approaches to cosmopolitan rights and global justice, rather than global regulatory structures to coordinate effective and proactive actions.
Les stratégies de crowdsourcing pour innover : quels enjeux ? Le cas des banques françaises
Authors: Jouny-Rivier Elodie , Renault Sophie
Published: March 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les enjeux du recours au crowdsourcing pour innover dans le secteur bancaire. Fondée sur une méthodologie qualitative, notre recherche souligne qu’au travers de cette modalité d’externalisation, les banques voient l’opportunité d’ouvrir le dialogue avec la foule des internautes et de bénéficier, dans un processus de création de valeur, de leurs idées. Alors que les bénéfices du recours au crowdsourcing semblent prégnants, notre recherche témoigne également de sources de déception et de vigilance. En particulier, pour des raisons juridiques ou stratégiques, les banques se heurtent à l’impossibilité de mettre en place certaines idées des internautes.
La transition vers l’économie circulaire et ses tensions dans la mutation des modèles d’affaires
Authors: Boldrini Jean-Claude
Published: March 2021

Les projets de transition vers l’économie circulaire sont des projets d’innovation collaborative soumis à de multiples tensions. L’article porte sur l’étude d’un projet de conception d’une filière locale et circulaire d’« isocyclage » de films plastiques maraîchers usagés. Après avoir décrit le cycle de vie de ces films, l’article apporte trois contributions : il présente les tensions apparaissant en contexte de transition vers l’économie circulaire, il analyse huit tensions génériques impactant l’évolution des modèles d’affaires, il examine le rôle structurant et performatif des narrations associées à l’émergence d’un nouveau modèle d’affaires.
Émergence des innovations collaboratives au sein des PME exportatrices françaises et ukrainiennes
Authors: Kantaruk Pierre Oksana , Mogos Descotes Raluca , Walliser Björn
Published: March 2021

Fondé sur l’exploration des pratiques de 20 PME exportatrices françaises et ukrainiennes, ce travail souligne le rôle joué de l’environnement institutionnel domestique dans le façonnage de l’innovation collaborative. Notre recherche s’appuie sur les fondements conceptuels de l’approche des profils institutionnels. Nous montrons que les dimensions règlementaires, normatives et cognitives de l’environnement domestique orientent les comportements des exportateurs interrogés en matière de développement des activités innovantes et exportatrices.
Les PME dans le réseau d’innovation des pôles de compétitivité français : position et structuration des collaborations récurrentes
Authors: Hussler Caroline , Levy Rachel , Triboulet Pierre
Published: March 2021

Nous explorons les collaborations récurrentes des PME impliquées dans les projets innovants financés par la politique des pôles de compétitivité. Nous caractérisons ces PME ainsi que leurs logiques de collaboration, en analysant leurs positions au sein du réseau national résultant de cette politique. Mobilisant une base de 549 projets, nous montrons que ces PME, aux profils variés, sont actives dans l’ensemble des grappes innovantes du réseau, sans cependant jouer un rôle décisif dans l’interconnexion des grappes. La diversité de leurs logiques collaboratives (couplant des proximités et des activités d’intermédiation différentes) leur permet néanmoins de contribuer à structurer le réseau d’ensemble.
Introduction au dossier spécial
Authors: Sahut Jean-Michel , Dang Rey
Published: March 2021

Les innovations digitales, en augmentant la capacité humaine à acquérir, produire,
diffuser et consommer des informations à un niveau et une valeur sans précédents,
influencent les comportements des consommateurs et ouvrent des nouvelles possibilités de
création de valeur. La question qui se pose alors concerne la manière dont ces mutations
technologiques et la montée en puissance des immatériels dans nos sociétés affectent d’une
part le comportement des consommateurs, d’autre part la création de valeur, les modèles
d’affaire, et la performance des firmes, et enfin leur financement ainsi que leur
gouvernance. Les questionnements sur ces trois points ouvrent autant de pistes de recherche
que nous développons dans cette revue de la littérature.
Le rôle de la technologie dans les expériences de coproduction de service : une lecture sociale de la valeur perçue
Authors: Abbes Intissar , Temessek Behi Azza , Hallem Yousra , Hikkerova Lubica
Published: March 2021

Cet article a pour objectif de comprendre et d’identifier les valeurs perçues des expériences de coproduction de service avec et sans dispositif technologique, à travers le prisme de la théorie de la structuration sociale. Une étude qualitative suivie de deux études quantitatives sont menées dans deux restaurants. La première étude qualitative nous a permis d’identifier 8 types de valeurs perçues d’une expérience de consommation, classées selon les dimensions du structurel : significations, domination et légitimation. Les deux études quantitatives menées dans un système de service avec et sans technologie, montrent que les dispositifs technologiques donnent lieu à des interprétations socialement différentes en termes de propriétés du structurel et de valeurs perçues. Ce résultat nous permet de formuler des recommandations managériales sur le design des dispositifs technologiques pour une meilleure appropriation par les consommateurs.
Antécédents et conséquences de la divulgation d’informations concernant le capital immatériel : application au cas des sociétés suisses
Authors: Braune Eric , Sam Salem , Teulon Frédéric
Published: March 2021

Cet article interroge les raisons de la divulgation d’information sur le capital immatériel (DICI) et ses conséquences sur la performance des firmes suisses. Notre étude s’appuie sur une approche structurelle fondée sur la méthode PLS-PM. Nos résultats empiriques montrent que les différentes dimensions de la gouvernance et de la structure financière influencent significativement la DICI. Ensuite, les pratiques de DICI augmentent la performance de marché des firmes et dans une moindre mesure leur performance comptable. Enfin, cette approche identifie un double impact, direct et indirect (à travers la DICI), de la gouvernance sur la performance financière.
Une nouvelle génération d’inégalités dans les parcours de vie? Tensions sociales et genrées
Authors: Moulin Stéphane
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, nous proposons le concept de « génération d’inégalités » pour analyser les transformations dans les parcours de vie au Canada et les tensions sociales et genrées qu’elles induisent. À partir de l’analyse de données récentes de Statistique Canada, nous explorons trois symptômes de l’émergence d’une nouvelle génération d’inégalités au Canada : la forte croissance du nombre de diplômés universitaires par rapport au nombre de gestionnaires et de professionnels; la baisse de la sécurité du revenu en parallèle au développement des politiques de soutien aux familles; et enfin, la désynchronisation des seuils d’entrée et de sortie de la vie active sous l’effet de la croissance de l’emploi étudiant et de celle de l’activité des ainés. Nous montrons ainsi une transformation des inégalités qui est commune à toutes les provinces canadiennes et qui touche de multiples dimensions des parcours de vie.
Déterminants du statut migratoire à 24 ans chez une cohorte de jeunes saguenéens et jeannois
Authors: Blackburn Marie-Ève , Tardif Suzie , Auclair Julie , Gaudreault Marco , Thivierge Josée
Published: March 2021

La migration des jeunes hors des régions périphériques a fait l’objet de plusieurs recherches au cours des dernières années. Certaines régions, telles que le Saguenay–Lac-Saint Jean (SLSJ), présentent des taux de migration plus élevés et ont amené des chercheurs à se questionner sur les raisons qui poussent les jeunes à les quitter. Dans cet ordre d’idées, les résultats d’une étude exploratoire découlant d’une recherche longitudinale réalisée par le centre ÉCOBES-Recherche et transfert du Cégep de Jonquière sur les habitudes de vie et les aspirations scolaires et professionnelles des jeunes saguenéens et jeannois du secondaire à l’âge adulte sont ici présentés. Plus précisément, des analyses de régression multinomiale ont permis de dresser un portrait des déterminants du statut migratoire des jeunes du SLSJ de 14 à 24 ans. Il apparait, entre autres, que les jeunes qui migrent sont généralement plus performants à l’école et présentent des valeurs moins traditionnelles. En connaissant davantage les caractéristiques des jeunes qui quittent cette région périphérique, il sera possible de mettre en place des alternatives pour les inciter à y rester, permettant dès lors au SLSJ de profiter de leurs talents et de leurs compétences.
Gagner la reconnaissance des pairs en évitant la réputation de « pute ». L’injonction paradoxale qui pèse sur les filles impliquées dans des transactions sexuelles
Authors: Colombo Annamaria , Carbajal Myrian , Carvalhosa Barbosa Marlène , Tadorian Marc
Published: March 2021

La reconnaissance des autres, et plus spécifiquement des pairs, est particulièrement importante à l’adolescence, lorsque les jeunes construisent leur identité d’adulte. Une recherche menée en Suisse auprès de jeunes femmes et hommes âgés de 14 à 25 ans montre que cette quête de reconnaissance peut amener certains et certaines jeunes à s’engager dans des transactions sexuelles, c’est-à-dire des expériences d’ordre sexuel associées à un échange financier, matériel et/ou symbolique. Toutefois, dans les représentations de tous et toutes les jeunes rencontrés, l’échange associé à la sexualité renvoie à la prostitution, dont la plupart cherchent à se distinguer en raison de la stigmatisation sociale dont fait l’objet cette pratique. Le défi pour ces jeunes est donc de pouvoir faire la preuve de leur capacité à développer des expériences intimes, affectives et sexuelles, tout en évitant des comportements susceptibles d’être stigmatisés. Or, les attentes de comportements ne sont pas les mêmes pour les garçons et les filles, ces dernières étant plus susceptibles de se voir attribuer une réputation de « pute », qu’elles acceptent ou non de s’engager dans des transactions sexuelles. À partir des résultats de cette recherche, cet article vise à mettre en lumière les enjeux de genre qui interviennent dans ces expériences de transactions sexuelles impliquant des jeunes et leur articulation avec les processus de construction identitaire et de reconnaissance lors de la transition à l’âge adulte.
Construction identitaire, intimidation homophobe et soutien familial perçu d’adultes émergents lesbiennes, gais, bisexuelles ou bisexuels au Québec
Authors: Villatte Aude , Marcotte Julie , Aimé Annie , Marcotte Diane
Published: March 2021

Plusieurs auteurs suggèrent que les adultes émergents lesbiennes, gais, bisexuelles ou bisexuels (LGB) auraient davantage de difficultés à définir qui ils sont et à se projeter dans l’avenir, du fait des défis spécifiques qu’ils rencontrent. Notre étude vise à : 1) vérifier si les jeunes LGB rapportent une identité moins clairement définie et des perspectives futures plus négatives, comparativement à leurs pairs hétérosexuels; 2) identifier si la fréquence des expériences d’intimidation homophobe et le niveau de soutien familial perçu peuvent contribuer à expliquer ces différences; 3) déterminer s’il existe des différences entre les jeunes lesbiennes et gais (LG) et leurs pairs bisexuelles et bisexuels en termes de confusion identitaire et de perspectives futures négatives. Un questionnaire électronique a été rempli par 5217 jeunes hétérosexuels et 519 jeunes LGB, âgés de 18 à 29 ans (61,5 % de femmes) et scolarisés dans différents établissements postsecondaires au Québec. Les analyses révèlent que : 1) les jeunes LGB rapportent davantage de confusion identitaire et des perspectives futures plus négatives, comparativement à leurs pairs hétérosexuels (une fois le genre, l’âge, l’origine ethnique et le statut financier contrôlés); 2) plus les jeunes disent subir ou avoir subi d’intimidation homophobe et moins ils estiment recevoir de soutien familial, plus ils rapportent une confusion identitaire et des perspectives futures négatives; 3) les jeunes bisexuelles et bisexuels ont une identité moins clairement définie que leurs pairs LG.
Qualité de l’emploi et défi de l’articulation travail-études chez les jeunes étudiants québécois : une question de précarité ?
Authors: Alberio Marco , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: March 2021

Au cours des dernières années, le portrait de la précarité en emploi s’est modifié (Ulysse, 2014). Il touche davantage certaines catégories de populations telles que les femmes et les jeunes. C’est à ces derniers, et en particulier aux jeunes étudiants, que nous nous intéresserons ici, surtout du point de vue de leurs conditions de travail et de leurs horaires, deux éléments clés de la qualité de l’emploi et du travail. Rappelons que la qualité de l’emploi renvoie davantage aux caractéristiques de l’emploi (stabilité, durée du travail, etc.), alors que la qualité du travail renvoie aux conditions d’exercice du travail dans un milieu de travail donné. Si l’insertion en emploi représente un moment clé dans la carrière et la vie des jeunes, notre recherche montre que les questions de la qualité de l’emploi et du travail ainsi que des conditions de travail sont des facteurs déterminants quant à l’expérience du travail des étudiants et à leur carrière future.

À partir d’une approche qualitative, nous montrons que l'articulation des temps sociaux est un processus dynamique influencé par plusieurs variables, individuelles, familiales et structurelles (conditions et qualité du travail et de l'emploi). La conciliation travail-études est étroitement reliée aux parcours de vie et de carrière. La difficulté à articuler les différents temps de la vie peut mener à une accumulation de désavantages qui ont des conséquences sur les études, le travail, ou dans les autres sphères de la vie, et ce à différents moments. Nous observons certains enjeux centraux du travail des jeunes, éléments qui sont associés au concept de qualité du travail et de l’emploi: espace d’autonomie et épanouissement au travail, relations professionnelles, instabilité d’emploi, temps partiel, choix et aménagement des horaires, santé et sécurité au travail, etc. Par l’observation de ces éléments, nous pouvons mieux comprendre pourquoi et comment la qualité du travail et de l'emploi des jeunes étudiants peut être mise à risque.
La formation professionnelle en contexte de « scolarisation totale ». Désirs de réussite, normes scolaires et relations familiales
Authors: Garneau Stéphanie
Published: March 2021

Réussir socialement lorsqu’on ne passe pas par les canaux institutionnalisés, formels et réguliers de l’éducation peut être synonyme de transgression des normes à l’heure où le savoir est hautement valorisé. La formation professionnelle, dans des sociétés où cette dernière consiste en une solution de repli quand les filières de formation plus prestigieuses s’avèrent inaccessibles, constitue dès lors un lieu d’observation privilégié des normes scolaires associées à une réussite sociale future. Cet article propose de montrer comment, du point de vue des jeunes, l’horizon d’une réussite sociale se traduit en normes scolaires immédiates instituées dans l’entourage. Il expose la manière dont ces normes s’impriment sur leur parcours et comment elles se répercutent sur leurs relations familiales pour moduler leurs modes d’entrée en formation professionnelle.
Thinking in colors
Authors: Kormin Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2021

This article reveals the philosophical grounds of the aesthetics of color, analyzes the correlation between the structures of philosophical and artistic comprehension of coloristics. Interaction of philosophy and art as the forms of cultural identity manifests in the sphere of intellectual understanding of the perception of color and its semantics in painting. In the hidden logic of contemplation of color, can be traced the outlines of the problematic of transcendental and intelligible in art conditions for the aesthetic approach towards chromatic space. Color creates the visual beauty, thus it is apparent why the aesthetic knowledge seeks to clarify to which extent we can assess the experience of color – the result of coloration of light. The art itself creates the so-called color ontology of the world. First the first time, the beauty of color and its perception are analyzed in the context of correlation between art and transcendental traditions of philosophizing  (Descartes, Kant, early Husserl –  his work “The Philosophy of Arithmetic”) that allows matching the key to a new interpretation of the tradition of color. Determination of its meaning requires comparing history and structure of the philosophical and artistic metaphor of color. It is demonstrated that the phenomenon of color is of crucial significance for the aesthetics, as it implies not only comprehension of the problem of correlation between nature and art, but also cognition of the beauty of color, its universal value for all forms of art, profound structures of perception of coloristic phenomena, picturesque unveiling of the color harmony of the painting.
Vermicino 1981: l’anno zero della conoscenza geologica del sottosuolo per la protezione civile e la gestione del territorio in italia
Authors: Argentieri Alessio , Marchili Paolo , Pantaloni Marco
Published: March 2021

L’Artois è una regione storica della Francia settentrionale, al confine con le Fiandre, che fa parte del Departement Pasde-Calais. Geologicamente i rilievi collinari dell’Artois costituiscono un anticlinorio, ad asse NW-SE, che separa il margine settentrionale del Bassin de Paris da quello meridionale del Bassin de Bruxelles.
Selenium supplementation inhibits IGF-1 signaling and confers methionine restriction-like healthspan benefits to mice
Authors: Plummer Jason D , Postnikoff Spike DL , Tyler Jessica K , Johnson Jay E
Published: March 2021

Methionine restriction (MR) dramatically extends the healthspan of several organisms. Methionine-restricted rodents have less age-related pathology and increased longevity as compared with controls, and recent studies suggest that humans might benefit similarly. Mechanistically, it is likely that the decreased IGF-1 signaling that results from MR underlies the benefits of this regimen. Thus, we hypothesized that interventions that decrease IGF-1 signaling would also produce MR-like healthspan benefits. Selenium supplementation inhibits IGF-1 signaling in rats and has been studied for its putative healthspan benefits. Indeed, we show that feeding mice a diet supplemented with sodium selenite results in an MR-like phenotype, marked by protection against diet-induced obesity, as well as altered plasma levels of IGF-1, FGF-21, adiponectin, and leptin. Selenomethionine supplementation results in a similar, albeit less robust response, and also extends budding yeast lifespan. Our results indicate that selenium supplementation is sufficient to produce MR-like healthspan benefits for yeast and mammals.
Structural determinants of voltage-gating properties in calcium channels
Authors: Fernández-Quintero Monica L , El Ghaleb Yousra , Tuluc Petronel , Campiglio Marta , Liedl Klaus R , Flucher Bernhard E
Published: March 2021

Voltage-gated calcium channels control key functions of excitable cells, like synaptic transmission in neurons and the contraction of heart and skeletal muscles. To accomplish such diverse functions, different calcium channels activate at different voltages and with distinct kinetics. To identify the molecular mechanisms governing specific voltage sensing properties, we combined structure modeling, mutagenesis, and electrophysiology to analyze the structures, free energy, and transition kinetics of the activated and resting states of two functionally distinct voltage sensing domains (VSDs) of the eukaryotic calcium channel CaV1.1. Both VSDs displayed the typical features of the sliding helix model; however, they greatly differed in ion-pair formation of the outer gating charges. Specifically, stabilization of the activated state enhanced the voltage dependence of activation, while stabilization of resting states slowed the kinetics. This mechanism provides a mechanistic model explaining how specific ion-pair formation in separate VSDs can realize the characteristic gating properties of voltage-gated cation channels.
Functional insights from a surface antigen mRNA-bound proteome
Authors: Melo do Nascimento Larissa , Egler Franziska , Arnold Katharina , Papavasiliou Nina , Clayton Christine , Erben Esteban
Published: March 2021

Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of human sleeping sickness. The parasites’ variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) enables them to evade adaptive immunity via antigenic variation. VSG comprises 10% of total cell protein and the high stability of VSG mRNA is essential for trypanosome survival. To determine how VSG mRNA stability is maintained, we used mRNA affinity purification to identify all its associated proteins. CFB2 (cyclin F-box protein 2), an unconventional RNA-binding protein with an F-box domain, was specifically enriched with VSG mRNA. We demonstrate that CFB2 is essential for VSG mRNA stability, describe cis acting elements within the VSG 3'-untranslated region that regulate the interaction, identify trans-acting factors that are present in the VSG messenger ribonucleoprotein particle, and mechanistically explain how CFB2 stabilizes the mRNA of this key pathogenicity factor. Beyond T. brucei, the mRNP purification approach has the potential to supply detailed biological insight into metabolism of relatively abundant mRNAs in any eukaryote.
Striking parallels between dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila and Gryllus reveal a complex evolutionary history behind a model gene regulatory network
Authors: Pechmann Matthias , Kenny Nathan James , Pott Laura , Heger Peter , Chen Yen-Ta , Buchta Thomas , Özüak Orhan , Lynch Jeremy , Roth Siegfried
Published: March 2021

Dorsoventral pattering relies on Toll and BMP signalling in all insects studied so far, with variations in the relative contributions of both pathways.Drosophilaand the beetleTriboliumshare extensive dependence on Toll, while representatives of more distantly related lineages like the waspNasoniaand bugOncopeltusrely more strongly on BMP signalling. Here, we show that in the cricketGryllus bimaculatus, an evolutionarily distant outgroup, Toll has, like inDrosophila, a direct patterning role for the ventral half of the embryo. In addition, Toll polarises BMP signalling, although this does not involve the conserved BMP inhibitor Sog/Chordin. Finally, Toll activation relies on ovarian patterning mechanisms with striking similarity toDrosophila. Our data suggest two surprising hypotheses: (1) that Toll's patterning function inGryllusandDrosophilais the result of convergent evolution or (2) aDrosophila-likesystem arose early in insect evolution and was extensively altered in multiple independent lineages.
Rapport fra befaring på Seiland, Slettnes og langs Vargsundet i 2018 under forskningsprosjektet «Stone Age Demographics»
Authors: Damm Charlotte , Skandfer Marianne
Published: March 2021

Forskningsprosjektet «Stone Age Demographics» gjennomførte sommeren 2018 to befarings- og dokumentasjonsreiser til Seiland, Slettnes og Vargsundet i Vestfinnmark. Dels ble en rekke tidligere kjente lokaliteter besøkt med henblikk på ny georeferert dokumentasjon og lokalitetsbeskrivelse, dels ble det sett etter nye boplasser. Rapporten gjennomgår de besøkte områder og lokaliteter og gir en oversikt over kulturminnene på hver lokalitet.
In vitro and in vivo activities of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, dorzolamide, against vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Authors: Abutaleb Nader S. , Elhassanny Ahmed E.M. , Flaherty Daniel P. , Seleem Mohamed N.
Published: March 2021

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a serious public health threat and a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics recommended for the treatment of enterococcal infections complicates the management of these infections. Hence, there is a critical need for the discovery of new anti-VRE agents. We previously reported carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) as new potent VRE inhibitors. In the present study, the activity of the CAI, dorzolamide was evaluated against VRE both in vitro and in vivo. Dorzolamide exhibited potent activity against a panel of clinical VRE isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 1 µg/mL to 8 µg/mL. A killing kinetics experiment determined that dorzolamide exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against VRE, which was similar to the drug of choice (linezolid). Dorzolamide interacted synergistically with gentamicin against four strains of VRE, and exhibited an additive interaction with gentamicin against six VRE strains, reducing gentamicin’s MIC by several folds. Moreover, dorzolamide outperformed linezolid in an in vivo VRE colonization reduction mouse model. Dorzolamide significantly reduced the VRE burden in fecal samples of mice by 2.9-log10 (99.9%) and 3.86-log10 (99.99%) after 3 and 5 days of treatment, respectively. Furthermore, dorzolamide reduced the VRE count in the cecal (1.74-log10 (98.2%) reduction) and ileal contents (1.5-log10 (96.3%)) of mice, which was superior to linezolid. Collectively, these results indicate that dorzolamide represents a promising treatment option that warrants consideration as a supplement to current therapeutics used for VRE infections.
INTERFERÊNCIA DE HERBICIDAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO MILHETO
Authors: Paggotto Eduardo , Santos Fernando Machado dos , Solagna Kraemer Henrique , Ruedell Eduardo Carlos , Frandaloso Dieferson
Published: March 2021

O milheto é uma gramínea anual de estação quente que possui porte ereto e alto, usado como fonte de alimento na pecuária e como cobertura de solo no sistema de plantio direto. Por ser uma cultura de baixo valor econômico são raras as informações a seu respeito. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a seletividade dos herbicidas atrazine e 2,4-D aplicados isolados ou em associação em diferentes épocas na cultura do milheto. O experimento foi realizado a campo em parcelas de 12 m2 e delineamento de blocos ao acaso, sendo 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1- testemunha sem capina; 2- testemunha capinada; 3- atrazine em pré-semeadura; 4- atrazine em pós-semeadura; 5- atrazine em V4; 6- 2,4-D em V4; 7- 2,4-D (150% da dose) em V4; 8- atrazine em pré-semeadura + 2,4-D em V4; 9- atrazine em pós-semeadura + 2,4-D em V4, 10- atrazine + 2,4-D em V4. Avaliou-se o número de plantas por metro linear, a fitotoxicidade aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação, a altura de plantas e a massa seca da parte aérea. Houve redução no estande de plantas com aplicação de atrazine em pré e pós-semeadura. O herbicida 2,4-D apresentou maiores níveis de fitotoxicidade, menor altura de plantas e menor produção de massa seca em todas as avaliações. O herbicida atrazine se apresenta como uma boa alternativa de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milheto quando aplicado em V4.
MANEJO DE Amaranthus hybridus EM ÁREA DE INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA NA REGIÃO SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Bastos Martins Matheus , Fonseca Munhos Taline , Aguilar Vighi Viviane , Ferreira da Rosa Ricardo , Timm Carlos , Theisen Giovani , Andres André
Published: March 2021

A área cultivada com soja aumentou no Brasil nos últimos anos, assim como sua produção total. No Rio Grande do Sul (RS) o cultivo da leguminosa também mostra crescimento, sendo utilizado na sucessão à pecuária de corte no período frio, modelo de produção que contribui para melhor utilização das áreas durante os 12 meses do ano, contribuindo assim para o incremento da renda do produtor, bem como, quando bem manejado, colaborar no manejo integrado de plantas daninhas. Apesar disso, a presença de plantas daninhas dicotiledôneas de difícil controle como Amaranthus hybridus em lavouras de soja do RS vêm aumentando. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de herbicidas pré- e pós-emergentes, e de diferentes programas de manejo para controle de populações de Amaranthus hybridus. O estudo foi composto por quatro experimentos, dois sob condições controladas em casa de vegetação e dois a campo, em uma propriedade rural no município de Cerrito, RS, que integra a produção de soja com pecuária de corte. Os experimentos evidenciaram que alguns biótipos são tolerantes ao glyphosate e aos herbicidas inibidores de ALS (imazethapyr e chlorimuron-ethyl), e que a utilização dos herbicidas pré-emergentes imazethapyr + flumioxazin, metribuzin, s-metolachlor e sulfentrazone + diuron contribui para o manejo destes biótipos. Verificou-se também que a dessecação do azevém e sua complementação com herbicidas de contato e o uso de pré-emergentes são fatores determinantes para o controle de A. hybridus. Ainda, os resultados apontam que em condições de déficit hídrico, a presença de palha prejudica a eficiência de alguns herbicidas pré-emergentes.