bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of two reciprocating nickel‐titanium glide path files
Authors: Özyürek T. , Uslu G. , Gündoğar M. , Yılmaz K. , Grande N. M. , Plotino G.
Published: February 2018

Aim

To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and bending properties of R‐Pilot and WaveOne Gold (WOG) Glider files, at intracanal temperature (35°C).

Methodology

Forty R‐Pilot and 40 WOG Glider files were subjected to a cyclic fatigue resistance test (n = 20), calculating the time to fracture (TTF) in an artificial stainless steel canal. The length of the fractured file tips (FL) was also measured. The fracture surface of fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope, and the cross‐sectional area of the fractured surfaces was measured. Flexibility of the tested files (n = 20) was determined using 45° bending test. Data were analysed statistically using the Mann–Whitney U‐test at 5% significance level.

Results

Time to fracture was significantly higher in the R‐Pilot group compared to the WOG Glider (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups for fracture length. The bending resistance of R‐Pilot files was significantly greater than WOG Glider files (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

A significant greater cyclic fatigue resistance was observed for R‐Pilot files compared to WOG Glider instruments, although the bending resistance of WOG Glider files was lower.
Optimization of dry powder deposition parameters for production of large substrates using functionally graded ceramics
Authors: Berkun Isil , Kiziltas Gullu
Published: February 2018

The ability to control the spatial variation in three dimensions of dielectric properties is known to play a crucial role in achieving novel electromagnetic performance such as miniaturization and high gain of broadband antennas. To address this need, the objective in this paper is to use earlier proposed Dry Powder Deposition to produce large substrates of Functionally Graded Materials with spatially controlled CaTiO3‐MgTiO3‐Mg2TiO4 dielectrics. We present an in‐depth analysis and optimization of critical processing parameters such as compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and dwell time. Using the optimized compaction and co‐sintering process, spatially varying large (8.2 cm × 8.2 cm) substrates were produced without the presence of any significant cracks and warping. In addition to these structural functionalities, sintered ceramic constituents of the designed substrate display targeted dielectric permittivity values of a miniaturized broadband Satellite Communication Ultra High Frequency antenna at the optimized conditions. This optimized route opens up possibilities for multifunctional metrics to be addressed for other applications calling for different spatial distributions of large Functionally Graded Materials possibly with the same family of ceramic constituents.
Lattice distortion and residual stress of a carbon‐doped TiZrN coating
Authors: Hong Eunpyo , Jeon Seol , Choi Youngkue , Yoo Hyunjo , Kwon Se‐Hun , Lee Heesoo
Published: February 2018

The mechanism of hardness improvement of a TiZrN coating by carbon doping was investigated in terms of the residual stress and the lattice deformation. Carbon was doped using laser carburization to improve the hardness of TiZrN, which was increased from 3025 HV to 3388 HV. The lattice parameter was calculated through Rietveld refinement in order to analyze the behavior inside the lattice due to carbon doping, which showed that the parameter increased from 4.21 Å to 4.44 Å after the carbon doping process. The diffraction pattern was analyzed using an electron beam to identify the lattice state of the coating layer, and lattice distortion was revealed through a diffused ring pattern. The compressive residual stress was increased by 48%, which was identified through the sin2Ψ method using the lattice constant change due to carburization. After the carbon doping, the hardness of the TiZrN was increased by 10%, which was attributed to the expansion distortion generated in the TiZrN lattice and the increase of the compressive residual stress.
Design and characterization of novel glass‐ceramic sealants for solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) applications
Authors: Javed Hassan , Sabato Antonio Gianfranco , Herbrig Kai , Ferrero Domenico , Walter Christian , Salvo Milena , Smeacetto Federico
Published: February 2018

In this work, three new glass‐ceramic compositions are designed and characterized as sealant materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), having operating temperature of 850°C. The crystallization and the sintering behavior of the glasses are investigated by using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and heating stage microscopy (HSM) respectively. The glasses show glass transition temperatures of 715‐740°C, while the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of 9.3‐10.3 × 10−6 K−1 (200‐500°C) are measured for the glass‐ceramics, matching with the CTEs of the other cell components. The compatibility between the glass‐ceramic sealants, the 3YSZ electrolyte and the Crofer22APU interconnect is examined by means of SEM and EDS, in the as‐joined condition and after 1000 hours at 850°C in air. Compositional changes in the glass‐ceramic sealants are reviewed and discussed with respect to the formed crystalline phases before and after the aging treatment at 850°C.
Subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with recent transient ischemic attack
Authors: Pedersen Kenneth Bruun , Madsen Charlotte , Sandgaard Niels C.F. , Diederichsen Axel C.P. , Bak Søren , Brandes Axel
Published: February 2018

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor of stroke, but the association between AF and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is less clear. Despite this, patients with TIA are included in stroke trials.

Aims

To determine the 1‐year incidence of AF in TIA patients using an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM); second, to determine factors associated with incident AF in these patients.

Methods

Prospective cohort study of patients with TIA with normal standard electrocardiogram (ECG) and 72‐hour Holter monitoring (HM). Exclusion criteria were as follows: age < 18 or > 81 years; prior AF/stroke; ongoing oral anticoagulation therapy or contraindication for it; significant carotid artery stenosis; uncertain TIA diagnosis. Eligible patients received an ICM and were followed for 12 months.

Results

From November 2013 to October 2015, 809 patients were diagnosed with TIA. In total, 235 patients were eligible. Nine (3.8%) of these had AF on standard ECG or HM. Of the remaining patients, 121 refused ICM implantation. In total, 105 patients (median age 65.4 years [range 27.1–80.8], 46% males) received an ICM, which revealed AF in 7 (6.7%). Factors associated with new‐onset AF were a history of recurrent TIA (odds ratio [OR] 11.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–63.6) and heart failure (OR 12.7, 95% CI 1.71–96.83).

Conclusions

The 1‐year incidence of AF in TIA patients with normal ECG and HM was 6.7% using an ICM. Factors associated with development of AF were recurrent TIA and heart failure.
Temporal trends of in‐hospital complications associated with catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the United States: An update from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2011–2014)
Authors: Tripathi Byomesh , Arora Shilpkumar , Kumar Varun , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Lahewala Sopan , Dave Mihir , Shah Mahek , Tan Bryan , Savani Sejal , Badheka Apurva , Gopalan Radha , Shantha Ghanshyam Palamaner Subash , Viles‐Gonzalez Juan , Deshmukh Abhishek
Published: February 2018

Background

Catheter ablation is widely accepted intervention for atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs, but limited data are available regarding contemporary trends in major complications and in‐hospital mortality due to the procedure. This study was aimed at exploring the temporal trends of in‐hospital mortality, major complications, and impact of hospital volume on frequency of AF ablation–related outcomes.

Methods

The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was utilized to identify the AF patients treated with catheter ablation. In‐hospital death and common complications including vascular access complications, cardiac perforation and/or tamponade, pneumothorax, stroke, and transient ischemic attack, were identified using International Classification of Disease (ICD‐9‐CM) codes.

Result

In‐hospital mortality rate of 0.15% and overall complication rate of 5.46% were noted among AF ablation recipients (n = 50,969). Significant increase in complications during study period (relative increase 56.37%, P‐trend < 0.001) was observed. Cardiac (2.65%), vascular (1.33%), and neurological (1.05%) complications were most common. On multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]; P value), significant predictors of complications were female sex (OR = 1.40; CI = 1.17–1.68; P value < 0.001), high burden of comorbidity as indicated by Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2 (OR = 2.84; CI = 2.29–3.52; P value < 0.001), and low hospital volume (< 50 procedures).

Conclusion

Our study noted a decline in AF ablation–related hospitalizations and complications associated with the procedure. These findings largely reflect shifting trends of outpatient performance of the procedure and increasing safety profile due to improved institutional expertise and catheter techniques.
Influence of cigarette smoking on pemphigus – a systematic review and pooled analysis of the literature
Authors: Lai O. , Recke A. , Zillikens D. , Kasperkiewicz M.
Published: February 2018

Epidemiological evidence suggests that smoking cigarettes may be beneficial in pemphigus, but no systematic evaluation exists to corroborate this assumption. Therefore, a systematic literature review with pooled data analysis of the smoking status in patients with pemphigus was conducted. Electronic searches using PubMed from inception to November 2017 identified 13 reports meeting predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most were case–control studies partly reporting that pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus occurred less frequently in current and former smokers. Studies also indicated that duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked were lower in patients with pemphigus than controls and that remission may be achieved sooner in those who smoke. However, although a generally low prevalence of smoking was demonstrated in patients with pemphigus, which was lower than in controls by pooled analysis, some investigations found no difference regarding the smoking status compared with non‐pemphigus subjects. One study demonstrated more severe mucosal involvement in non‐smoking patients with pemphigus, whereas another observed no difference in the rate of cutaneous or mucosal lesions between smokers and non‐smokers with pemphigus. This review indicates that smoking may be a possible protective factor in pemphigus, although some compromised study methodologies yet hinder any firm conclusion. Further investigations with a refined quality design are required to resolve the so far partly conflicting results in this area.
Insulin resistance in hidradenitis suppurativa: a case–control study
Authors: Vilanova I. , Hernández J.L. , Mata C. , Durán C. , García‐Unzueta M.T. , Portilla V. , Fuentevilla P. , Corrales A. , González‐Vela M.C. , González‐Gay M.A. , Blanco R. , González‐López M.A.
Published: February 2018

Background

The association between chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, and insulin resistance (IR) has been well established. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease that affects the apocrine gland‐bearing areas of the body.

Objective

We aimed to determine the prevalence of IR in patients with HS.

Methods

This cross‐sectional, case–control study enrolled 137 subjects, 76 patients with HS and 61 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Demographic data, clinical examination of HS patients, anthropometric measures, cardiovascular risk factors and laboratory studies were recorded. The homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR) was calculated in all participants by measuring fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels.

Results

The median (IQR) HOMA‐IR value in HS patients was significantly higher [2.0 (1.0–3.6)] than in controls [1.5 (0.9–2.3)] (P = 0.01). The prevalence of IR was significantly higher in cases (43.4%) compared with controls (16.4%) (P = 0.001). In the linear regression multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), HS remained as a significant factor for a higher HOMA‐IR [2.51 (0.18) vs 1.92(0.21); P = 0.04]. The HOMA‐IR value and the prevalence of IR did not differ significantly among HS patients grouped by severity of the disease.

Conclusion

Our results show an increased frequency of IR in HS. Thus, we suggest HS patients to be evaluated for IR and managed accordingly.
Fates of Evolutionarily Distinct, Plastid‐type Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in Kareniacean Dinoflagellates
Authors: Kamikawa Ryoma , Yazaki Euki , Tahara Michiru , Sakura Takaya , Matsuo Eriko , Nagamune Kisaburo , Hashimoto Tetsuo , Inagaki Yuji
Published: February 2018

The ancestral kareniacean dinoflagellate has undergone tertiary endosymbiosis, in which the original plastid is replaced by a haptophyte endosymbiont. During this plastid replacement, the endosymbiont genes were most likely flowed into the host dinoflagellate genome (endosymbiotic gene transfer or EGT). Such EGT may have generated the redundancy of functionally homologous genes in the host genome—one has resided in the host genome prior to the haptophyte endosymbiosis, while the other transferred from the endosymbiont genome. However, it remains to be well understood how evolutionarily distinct but functionally homologous genes were dealt in the dinoflagellate genomes bearing haptophyte‐derived plastids. To model the gene evolution after EGT in plastid replacement, we here compared the characteristics of the two evolutionally distinct genes encoding plastid‐type glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in Karenia brevis and K. mikimotoi bearing haptophyte‐derived tertiary plastids: “gapC1h” acquired from the haptophyte endosymbiont and “gapC1p” inherited from the ancestral dinoflagellate. Our experiments consistently and clearly demonstrated that, in the two species examined, the principal plastid‐type GAPDH is encoded by gapC1h rather than gapC1p. We here propose an evolutionary scheme resolving the EGT‐derived redundancy of genes involved in plastid function and maintenance in the nuclear genomes of dinoflagellates that have undergone plastid replacements. Although K. brevis and K. mikimotoi are closely related to each other, the statuses of the two evolutionarily distinct gapC1 genes in the two Karenia species correspond to different steps in the proposed scheme.
Dysplastic features relevant to malignant transformation in atrophic epithelium of oral submucous fibrosis: A preliminary study
Authors: Sarode Sachin C. , Chaudhary Minal , Gadbail Amol , Tekade Satyajit , Patil Shankargouda , Sarode Gargi S.
Published: February 2018

Background

The grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is not applicable to oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) cases due to the presence of atrophic epithelium. The mucosal margins associated with resected OSCC specimens are often closely related to transformed cells. In this study, we compared the histomorphological alterations (dysplastic features) in the atrophic epithelium of OSMF patients with the mucosal margins of OSCC associated with OSMF (OSCC‐OSMF).

Methods

We evaluated 17 dysplastic features in 37 patients with OSMF (biopsy site: buccal mucosa) and 37 patients with OSCC‐OSMF (mucosal margins involving buccal mucosa) using histopathological staining.

Results

Dysplastic features, such as keratin pearls within rete ridges, nuclear pleomorphism, and atypical mitotic figures, were not observed in the epithelium of the OSMF or OSCC‐OSMF groups. Basal cell hyperplasia (P = .016), abnormal superficial mitosis (P = .010), increased nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio (P = .034), and hyperchromasia (P = .031) were predominantly seen in the OSCC‐OSMF group. We found no statistically significant differences in the following parameters: irregular epithelial stratification (P = 1.00), loss of basal cell polarity (P = .237), presence of drop‐shaped rete ridges (P = .077), increased number of mitotic figures (P = .154), premature keratinization in single cells (P = .499), anisonucleosis (P = .289), anisocytosis (P = .079), cellular pleomorphism (P = .317), and increased number and size of nucleoli (P = .129).

Conclusion

Increased basal cell layer hyperplasia, abnormal superficial mitosis, increased nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio, and hyperchromasia are high‐risk features for OSMF, and affected patients should be followed on a priority basis for the early detection of OSCC.
Children and adults' sensory and hedonic perception of added sugar reduction in grape nectar
Authors: Lima Mayara , Ares Gastón , Deliza Rosires
Published: February 2018

Reducing the added sugar content of sugar‐sweetened beverages is one of the most cost‐effective strategies to achieve short‐term changes in added sugar intake. The present study aimed at evaluating children and adults' sensory and hedonic perception of added sugar reduction in grape nectar. For this purpose, two studies were carried out. In the first study, five sequential difference thresholds for added sugar in grape nectar were determined with school‐aged children and adults using paired comparisons. In the second study 105 children (6–12 years old) and 100 adults evaluated six samples with different added sugar content. They were asked to rate their overall liking and to answer a check‐all‐that‐apply question. Results confirmed the feasibility of reducing the added sugar concentration of grape nectar without affecting the sensory and hedonic perception of both children and adults. Children were less able to detect changes in the sensory characteristics of the added sugar reduced nectar samples than adults but showed higher hedonic sensitivity to added sugar reduction. Large heterogeneity in hedonic reaction toward added sugar‐reduced nectar samples was found in both age groups.

Practical applications

Results from the present work are expected to provide insights for the development of gradual added sugar reduction programs in fruit nectar for both children and adults. According to the estimated difference thresholds, gradual added sugar reduction could be implemented considering sequential reductions lower than 6.21% to assure that consumers do not perceive changes in the sensory characteristics of the product. Considering that such small reductions would not affect consumer liking, the time elapsed between sequential added sugar reduction steps would not require long waiting times.
Tricyclic antidepressant use and the risk of fibrosis progression in hepatitis C‐infected persons: Results from ERCHIVES
Authors: Chen J. Y. , Ren Y. , Yan P. , Belina M. E. , Chung R. T. , Butt A. A.
Published: February 2018

Recent preclinical studies have suggested an antifibrotic role for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA). Using the Electronically Retrieved Cohort of hepatitis C virus (HCV) Infected Veterans, we aimed to evaluate the impact of TCA use on fibrosis progression and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among HCV‐infected persons. Subjects were categorized according to use of TCAs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or no antidepressants. TCAs or selective serotonin uptake inhibitors use was defined according to cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD), and categories were mutually exclusive. Subjects with HIV coinfection, hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positivity, cirrhosis or HCC at baseline were excluded. Outcomes were liver fibrosis progression measured by APRI scores and incident HCC. We utilized Cox proportional hazards regression to determine predictors of cirrhosis, defined as APRI > 2, and incident hepatocellular carcinoma (iHCC). Among 128 201 eligible HCV+ persons, 4% received TCAs, 43% received selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, and 53% received no antidepressants. Fewer TCAs users had drug abuse (34% and 43%) and alcohol abuse (32% vs 42%) compared to selective serotonin uptake inhibitor users. After adjusting for age, baseline APRI score, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol use, drug abuse and HCV RNA levels, TCAs use was associated with decreased risk of cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.99) and delayed time to development of cirrhosis, but not with decreased iHCC. In conclusion among a large cohort of HCV‐positive Veterans, TCAs use was associated with decreased fibrosis progression and lower risk of developing cirrhosis. These data provide supportive evidence for the beneficial effects of TCAs on progression of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Impact of electronic reminder systems on hepatitis C screening in primary care
Authors: MacLean C. D. , Berger C. , Cangiano M. L. , Ziegelman D. , Lidofsky S. D.
Published: February 2018

Screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) was recommended in 2012 by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the population born between 1946 and 1965. Reminder systems are effective at promoting HCV screening, but the yield of positive tests among various population subgroups and the linkage to specialty HCV treatment is not well understood. We sought to determine: (i) the effect of the CDC recommendation alone, and the effect of an electronic medical record (EMR) reminder on the proportion of the population screened; (ii) the yield of positive HCV tests as screening strategies have evolved, and according to a patient's history of serum aminotransferase testing; (iii) the proportion of positive cases followed up for HCV treatment. This retrospective cohort study included 60 000 primary care patients at a northeast US academic medical centre serving an urban and rural population in which an EMR reminder was instituted in 2014. Results demonstrated an increase in proportion tested for HCV from 12% prior to the CDC recommendation to 37% after the reminder system. The yield of positive HCV antibody (HCV Ab) tests decreased from 7% in the “case‐finding” era to 1.6% after the EMR reminder prompted screening of a lower risk population (P < .001). Patients with a history of abnormal aminotransferase tests had a fivefold higher rate of positive HCV Ab testing (6.7% vs 1.5%, P < .001). Ninety per cent of patients with confirmed HCV infection were seen in specialty care.
Two‐Year Follow‐Up Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings and Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis of a Dog with Sandhoff's Disease
Authors: Ito D. , Ishikawa C. , Jeffery N.D. , Ono K. , Tsuboi M. , Uchida K. , Yamato O. , Kitagawa M.
Published: February 2018

A 13‐month‐old female Toy Poodle was presented for progressive ataxia and intention tremors of head movement. The diagnosis of Sandhoff's disease (GM2 gangliosidosis) was confirmed by deficient β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase A and B activity in circulating leukocytes and identification of the homozygous mutation (HEXB: c.283delG). White matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum was hyperintense on T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images. Over the next 2 years, the white matter lesions expanded, and bilateral lesions appeared in the cerebellum and thalamus, associated with clinical deterioration. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed progressive decrease in brain N‐acetylaspartate, and glycine‐myo‐inositol and lactate‐alanine were increased in the terminal clinical stage. The concentrations of myelin basic protein and neuron specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid were persistently increased. Imaging and spectroscopic appearance correlated with histopathological findings of severe myelin loss in cerebral and cerebellar white matter and destruction of the majority of cerebral and cerebellar neurons.
Disintegration of lunar samples over time: A test
Authors: Taylor L. A. , Hogancamp J. V. , Watts L. A. , Wentworth S. J. , Archer P. D. , Zeigler R. A. , Basu A.
Published: February 2018

Lunar samples provide ground‐truth for all planetary exploration. Lunar soils, especially their <1 mm fraction, constitute the only primary standards for remotely sensing the composition of small airless planetary bodies. Therefore, maintaining the integrity, especially of the <1 mm fraction, takes on a much larger, big picture responsibility. A possibility has been suggested that lunar soils may disintegrate (to smaller grain sizes) if exposed to the Earth's moist atmosphere, thus losing some of their intrinsic value to science. We have tested that possibility by multiple, independent reanalyses with three techniques (wet‐sieving in water and in alcohol, and laser diffractometry) using a fresh allocation of Apollo 17 “orange soil,” 74220. Our results are very similar to each other despite repeated soaking–drying in water, and also to those originally determined in the 1970s. We have also used a laser diffractometry technique to reanalyze the grain sizes of ~50 mg splits of eight soils that were initially analyzed three to four decades ago. The results are randomly different from previous measurements, which we attribute to nonrepresentative subsampling of very small amounts from previous allocations; ~50 mg is too small for obtaining representative aliquots. The results of grain‐size analyses presented and discussed in this study indicate that the integrity of the lunar soil 74220, and indeed, all lunar soils, has not been physically compromised in the last four decades.
Psychogenic pseudosyncope: Not always a diagnosis of exclusion
Authors: Walsh Kathleen E. , Baneck Trisha , Page Richard L. , Brignole Michele , Hamdan Mohamed H.
Published: February 2018

Background

Psychogenic pseudosyncope (PPS) frequently mimics syncope. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and clinical features of PPS and its relationship to vasovagal syncope (VVS).

Methods

We examined retrospectively the medical records of 1,401 consecutive patients referred to a syncope unit. We identified patients who had the final diagnosis of PPS. In these patients, we retrieved the initial diagnosis made during their first visit and the subsequent tests performed leading to the final diagnosis.

Results

Fourteen (1.0%) patients (mean age 35 ± 14; 11 females) were diagnosed as having PPS: seven had a diagnosis of PPS alone and seven had both VVS and PPS. High frequency of attacks (53 ± 35 attacks during the previous year), prolonged loss of consciousness (minutes to > 1 hour), and a history of psychiatric disorders characterized PPS patients. Tilt test reproduced a PPS attack in the presence of normal blood pressure and heart rate in seven patients (50%), and induced VVS in another three patients who had the final diagnosis of both PPS and VVS. In two patients, one or more events occurred during the clinic visits and were directly witnessed by the clinic personnel.

Conclusions

We have shown that 1% of referrals to a syncope unit have the final diagnosis of PPS and that up to 50% of cases presented with a different initial diagnosis, namely VVS. Our findings suggest that causality between syncope and psychiatric disorders is likely bidirectional. The presence of a multidisciplinary team is important to address this often unrecognized relationship.
Immediate implant placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants
Authors: Kan Joseph Yun Kwong , Rungcharassaeng Kitchai , Deflorian Matteo , Weinstein Tommaso , Wang Hom‐Lay , Testori Tiziano
Published: February 2018

An inevitable loss of soft and hard tissue after tooth extraction often results in a compromised site for anterior implant esthetics in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Immediate implant placement and provisionalization has been a viable option for replacing failing maxillary anterior teeth as it preserves the vertical existing osseous and gingival architecture. With the simultaneous addition of soft‐ and hard‐tissue grafts, the peri‐implant horizontal tissue topography can also be maintained. The esthetic success of immediate implant placement and provisionalization procedures is influenced by a number of factors that can be identified as patient‐dependent or clinician‐dependent. This article describes in detail the process of patient selection, indications, contraindications, diagnosis, treatment planning and treatment execution required to achieve functional and esthetic success with immediate implant placement and provisionalization.
Digital game‐based learning for K–12 mathematics education: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Byun JaeHwan , Joung Eunmi
Published: February 2018

Digital games (e.g., video games or computer games) have been reported as an effective educational method that can improve students' motivation and performance in mathematics education. This meta‐analysis study (a) investigates the current trend of digital game‐based learning (DGBL) by reviewing the research studies on the use of DGBL for mathematics learning, (b) examines the overall effect size of DGBL on K‐12 students' achievement in mathematics learning, and (c) discusses future directions for DGBL research in the context of mathematics learning. In total, 296 studies were collected for the review, but of those studies, only 33 research studies were identified as empirical studies and systematically analyzed to investigate the current research trends. In addition, due to insufficient statistical data, only 17 out of the 33 studies were analyzed to calculate the overall effect size of digital games on mathematics education. This study will contribute to the research community by analyzing recent trends in significant DGBL research, especially for those who are interested in using DGBL for mathematics education.
Initiation of Term Newborn Skin‐to‐Skin Contact in the Operating Room Following Scheduled Cesarean Section: A DNP Capstone Project
Authors: Labardee Ruth M.
Published: February 2018

This column shares the best evidence‐based strategies and innovative ideas on how to facilitate the learning and implementation of EBP principles and processes by clinicians as well as nursing and interprofessional students. Guidelines for submission are available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1741-6787
Leprosis mite and other mite species (Acari) associated to orange groves in Brazilian Central Amazon
Authors: FERREIRA C. T. , KRUG C. , GARCIA M. V.B. , De MORAES G. J.
Published: February 2018

The citrus leprosis mite, Brevipalpus yothersi Baker, is not considered to cause major damage to orange trees in the Brazilian Amazonas state. However, little is known about the diversity of plant mites and about mite damage to plants in this state of northern Brazil. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of occurrence of the leprosis mite in this region and the diversity and prevailing population levels of associated mites in unsprayed orange groves of the surroundings of Manaus, Amazonas state. In total, 1,614 mites were collected on citrus trees (616 of eminently predatory groups, 541 of eminently phytophagous groups and 457 of other groups). On plants growing spontaneously in orange groves, 514 mites were collected (270 of eminently predatory groups, 26 of eminently phytophagous groups and 218 of other groups). Most predators collected (638 specimens) belonged to Phytoseiidae, representing 14 species. The most abundant phytoseiids were Amblyseius aerialis Muma and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma. Only 197 B. yothersi were collected, on leaves of orange, Lantana camara L. and Solanum paniculatum L.. Leprosis symptoms were not observed, and this may be related to the relatively low densities of the leprosis mite. The plant species Borreria verticillata (L.), Clidenia hirta (L.), L. camara, Paspalum virgatum L. and S. paniculatum are reservoirs of two abundant predatory mites of orange trees, A. aerialis and I. zuluagai.
A new species of Zetzellia Oudemans (Acari, Stigmaeidae) from Turkey
Authors: AKYOL Mustafa , Gül Melis Pınar
Published: February 2018

A new species viz. Zetzellia kamili sp. nov., collected from soil and litter under Olea europaea (Oleaceae), Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) in the Dilek Peninsula - Büyük Menderes Delta National Park, west of Turkey, is described and illustrated based on adult females. A key to the species of Zetzellia known from Turkey is provided.
Acute Effect of Intermittent Exercise and Action-Based Video Game Breaks on Math Performance in Preadolescent Children
Authors: Block Shannon S. , Tooley Trevor R. , Nagy Matthew R. , O’Sullivan Molly P. , Robinson Leah E. , Colabianchi Natalie , Hasson Rebecca E.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of video game breaks and intermittent exercise breaks, performed at varying intensities, on math performance in preadolescent children. Methods: A total of 39 children (18 males and 21 females; aged 7–11 y) completed 4 experimental conditions in random order: 8 hours of sitting interrupted with 20 two-minute low-, moderate-, or high-intensity exercise breaks or 20 two-minute sedentary computer game breaks. The intensity of exercise breaks for the low-, moderate-, and high-intensity conditions corresponded with 25%, 50%, and 75% of heart rate reserve, respectively. Math performance was assessed 3 times throughout each condition day using a 90-second math test consisting of 40 single-digit addition and subtraction questions. Results: There were no significant differences in percent change in math scores (correct answers out of attempted) by condition [low: −1.3 (0.8), moderate: 0.1 (1.3), high: −1.8 (0.7), and computer: −2.5 (0.8); P > .05]. There were significant differences in percent change in math scores over the course of the condition days with lower math scores reported at end-of-day test compared with midday test [−2.4 (0.5) vs −0.4 (0.3); P = .01]. There were no significant condition × time, time × age, condition × age, or condition × time × age interactions (all Ps > .05). Conclusion: Action-based video game and exercise breaks elicit the same level of math performance in children; however, time of day may impact this relationship. These findings may have important implications for instructional time in elementary classrooms.
Micafungin Enhances the Human Macrophage Response to Candida albicans through β-Glucan Exposure
Authors: Guirao-Abad José Pedro , Sánchez-Fresneda Ruth , Machado Francisco , Argüelles Juan Carlos , Martínez-Esparza María
Published: February 2018

Micafungin belongs to the antifungal family of echinocandins, which act as noncompetitive inhibitors of the fungal cell wall β-1,3-
d
-glucan synthase. Since
Candida albicans
is the most prevalent pathogenic fungus in humans, we study the involvement of micafungin in the modulation of the inflammatory response developed by human tissue macrophages against
C. albicans
. The MIC for micafungin was 0.016 μg/ml on the
C. albicans
SC5314 standard strain. Micafungin induced a drastic reduction in the number of exponential SC5314 viable cells, with the fungicidal effect being dependent on the cellular metabolic activity. Notably, micafungin also caused a structural remodelling of the cell wall, leading to exposure of the β-glucan and chitin content on the external surface. At the higher doses used (0.05 μg/ml), the antifungal also induced the blowing up of budding yeasts. In addition, preincubation with micafungin before exposure to human tissue macrophages enhanced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and IL-10 cytokines. Our results strongly suggest that in
C. albicans
treatment with micafungin, in addition to having the expected toxic antifungal effect, it potentiates the immune response, improving the interaction and activation of human macrophages, probably through the unmasking of β-glucans on the cell wall surface.
Discovery and Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Bicyclomycin in Distantly Related Bacterial Classes
Authors: Vior Natalia M. , Lacret Rodney , Chandra Govind , Dorai-Raj Siobhán , Trick Martin , Truman Andrew W.
Published: February 2018

Bicyclomycin (BCM) is a clinically promising antibiotic that is biosynthesized by
Streptomyces cinnamoneus
DSM 41675. BCM is structurally characterized by a core cyclo(
l
-Ile-
l
-Leu) 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) that is extensively oxidized. Here, we identify the BCM biosynthetic gene cluster, which shows that the core of BCM is biosynthesized by a cyclodipeptide synthase, and the oxidative modifications are introduced by five 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and one cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. The discovery of the gene cluster enabled the identification of BCM pathways encoded by the genomes of hundreds of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates distributed globally, and heterologous expression of the pathway from
P. aeruginosa
SCV20265 demonstrated that the product is chemically identical to BCM produced by
S. cinnamoneus
. Overall, putative BCM gene clusters have been found in at least seven genera spanning
Actinobacteria
and
Proteobacteria
(
Alphaproteobacteria
,
Betaproteobacteria
, and
Gammaproteobacteria
). This represents a rare example of horizontal gene transfer of an intact biosynthetic gene cluster across such distantly related bacteria, and we show that these gene clusters are almost always associated with mobile genetic elements.

IMPORTANCE
Bicyclomycin is the only natural product antibiotic that selectively inhibits the transcription termination factor Rho. This mechanism of action, combined with its proven biological safety and its activity against clinically relevant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, makes it a very promising antibiotic candidate. Here, we report the identification of the bicyclomycin biosynthetic gene cluster in the known bicyclomycin-producing organism
Streptomyces cinnamoneus
, which will enable the engineered production of new bicyclomycin derivatives. The identification of this gene cluster also led to the discovery of hundreds of bicyclomycin pathways encoded in highly diverse bacteria, including in the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. This wide distribution of a complex biosynthetic pathway is very unusual and provides an insight into how a pathway for an antibiotic can be transferred between diverse bacteria.
Variables associated with HbA1c and weight reductions when adding liraglutide to multiple daily insulin injections in persons with type 2 diabetes (MDI Liraglutide trial 3)
Authors: Dahlqvist Sofia , Ahlén Elsa , Filipsson Karin , Gustafsson Thomas , Hirsch Irl B , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Imberg Henrik , Ahrén Bo , Attvall Stig , Lind Marcus
Published: February 2018

Objective

To evaluate variables associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and weight reduction when adding liraglutide to persons with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI).

Research design and methods

This was a reanalysis of a previous trial where 124 patients were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter randomized trial carried out over 24 weeks. Predictors for effect on change in HbA1c and weight were analyzed within the treatment group and with concurrent interaction analyses. Correlation analyses for change in HbA1c and weight from baseline to week 24 were made.

Results

The mean age at baseline was 63.7 years, 64.8% were men, the mean number of insulin injections was 4.4 per day, the mean daily insulin dose was 105 units and the mean HbA1c was 74.5 mmol/mol (9.0%). The mean HbA1c and weight reductions were 12.3 mmol/mol (1.13%; P<0.001) and 3.8 kg (P<0.001) greater in liraglutide than placebo-treated persons. There was no significant predictor for greater effect on HbA1c that existed in all analyses (univariate, multivariate and interaction analyses against controls). For a greater weight reduction when adding liraglutide, a lower HbA1c level at baseline was a predictor (liraglutide group P=0.002, P=0.020 for liraglutide group vs placebo). During follow-up in the liraglutide group, no significant correlation was found between change in weight and change in HbA1c (r=0.09, P=0.46), whereas a correlation existed between weight and insulin dose reduction (r=0.44, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Weight reduction becomes greater when adding liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with MDI who had a lower HbA1c level compared with those with a higher HbA1c level. There was no correlation between reductions in HbA1c and weight when liraglutide was added, that is, different patient groups responded with HbA1c and weight reductions.

Trial registration number

EudraCT nr: 2012-001941-42.
Serum creatinine levels and risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus or dysglycemia in middle-aged Japanese men: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takeuchi Mamoru , Imano Hironori , Muraki Isao , Shimizu Yuji , Hayama-Terada Mina , Kitamura Akihiko , Okada Takeo , Kiyama Masahiko , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: February 2018

Objective

To assess the association between low serum creatinine levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia.

Research design and methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3313 Japanese male workers aged 30–55 years, who underwent annual health check-ups during 2001–2008 and showed no type 2 diabetes mellitus, and underwent follow-up examinations until March 2013. Dysglycemia was defined as a fasting plasma glucose concentration of≥110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L), or a non-fasting plasma glucose concentration of≥140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L). A Cox proportional model was used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus or dysglycemia.

Results

During the median 6.7-year follow-up, there were 207 cases of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and 596 cases of incident dysglycemia, including 115 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the subjects with normal glucose concentrations at baseline. After adjustment for age, body mass index and known diabetes risk factors, the multivariable HR of type 2 diabetes mellitus for the lowest category of serum creatinine (<0.7 mg/dL) vs the highest category (0.9–1.1 mg/dL) was 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.9; P for trend 0.03). The multivariable HRs of dysglycemia for the lowest category of serum creatinine versus the highest category was 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9; P for trend 0.01).

Conclusions

Low serum creatinine levels were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dysglycemia.
Social health insurance for the poor: lessons from a health insurance programme in Karnataka, India
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Wagner Zachary
Published: February 2018

Life-saving technology used to treat catastrophic illnesses such as heart disease and cancer is often out of reach for the poor. As life expectancy increases in poor countries and the burden from chronic illnesses continues to rise, so will the unmet need for expensive tertiary care. Understanding how best to increase access to and reduce the financial burden of expensive tertiary care is a crucial task for the global health community in the coming decades. In 2010, Karnataka, a state in India, rolled out the Vajpayee Arogyashree scheme (VAS), a social health insurance scheme focused on increasing access to tertiary care for households below the poverty line. VAS was rolled out in a way that allowed for robust evaluation of its causal effects and several studies have examined various impacts of the scheme on poor households. In this analysis article, we summarise the key findings and assess how these findings can be used to inform other social health insurance schemes. First, the evidence suggests that VAS led to a substantial reduction in mortality driven by increased tertiary care utilisation as well as use of better quality facilities and earlier diagnosis. Second, VAS significantly reduced the financial burden of receiving tertiary care. Third, these benefits of social health insurance were achieved at a reasonable cost to society and taxpayers. Several unique features of VAS led to its success at improving health and financial well-being including effective outreach via health camps, targeting expensive conditions with high disease burden, easy enrolment process, cashless treatment, bundled payment for hospital services, participation of both public and private hospitals and prior authorisation to improve appropriateness of care.
Use of health services in the last year of life and cause of death in people with intellectual disability: a retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Brameld Kate , Spilsbury Katrina , Rosenwax Lorna , Leonard Helen , Semmens James
Published: February 2018

Objective

To describe the cause of death together with emergency department presentations and hospital admissions in the last year of life of people with intellectual disability.

Method

A retrospective matched cohort study using de-identified linked data of people aged 20 years or over, with and without intellectual disability who died during 2009 to 2013 in Western Australia. Emergency department presentations and hospital admissions in the last year of life of people with intellectual disability are described along with cause of death.

Results

Of the 63 508 deaths in Western Australia from 2009 to 2013, there were 591 (0.93%) decedents with a history of intellectual disability. Decedents with intellectual disability tended to be younger, lived in areas of more social disadvantage, did not have a partner and were Australian born compared with all other decedents. A matched comparison cohort of decedents without intellectual disability (n=29 713) was identified from the general population to improve covariate balance.

Decedents with intellectual disability attended emergency departments more frequently than the matched cohort (mean visits 3.2 vs 2.5) and on average were admitted to hospital less frequently (mean admissions 4.1 vs 6.1), but once admitted stayed longer (average length of stay 5.2 days vs 4.3 days). People with intellectual disability had increased odds of presentation, admission or death from conditions that have been defined as ambulatory care sensitive and are potentially preventable. These included vaccine-preventable respiratory disease, asthma, cellulitis and convulsions and epilepsy.

Conclusion

People with intellectual disability were more likely to experience potentially preventable conditions at the end of their lives. This indicates a need for further improvements in access, quality and coordination of healthcare to provide optimal health for this group.