bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Hybrid Fe3O4–Silica–M(Zn, Cu, Ni) Submicrospheres and its Application for Adsorption on Bovine Hemoglobin
Authors: Tong Yue , Zhang Min , Nie Ya Ru , Linghu Jun Jun , Yu Jun Qing , Xu Jing Li
Published: August 2015

Magnetic metal silica submicrospheres were produced from silica coated on magnetic nanoparticles using well controlled hydrothermalled method and were characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS. The well-designed mesoporous magnetic metal silciate had a large specific area, high magnetization. Firstly, SiO2-coated maghemite (Fe3O4@SiO2 composites) were synthesized by an sol-gel method, in which the iron ferrous chloride as well as TEOS acted as the precursor for maghemite and SiO2, respectively. The Fe3O4@SiO2 composites revealed a core-shell structure, Then, Fe3O4@SiO2/X3Si2O5(OH)4(X = Ni, Cu, Zn) was obtained by hydrothermalled with metal chloride. The resulting composites show not only a magnetic response to an externally applied magnetic field, but also can be a good adsorbent for bovine hemoglobin in the ambient temperature.
Characterization and Study on In Vitro Release of Praziquantel from Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Implants
Authors: Ma Li Xia , Fei Zhi Qiang , Wang Chuan Dong , Liu Yang , Du Xu , Wang Qin
Published: August 2015

A series praziquantel-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) implants are prepared by melt extrusion. The morphologies, structures and the in vitro releases are investigated. The results show that PZQ is dissolved or dispersed in the PLGA matrix and its crystal structure can be transformed into amorphous filament or flake-like structure. The in vitro release increased with the increase of the amount of low molecular weight PLGA0.13. The release of PZQ from the implant with a length of 20 mm is faster than that from that with a length of 10 mm. The macroscopic change and release curves of the implants reveal the drug release from the implants can be controlled by initial diffusion of drug from near the surface of implants followed by elution during polymer erosion.
Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from Curcuma zedoaria Rhizome
Authors: Huang Shih Jeng , Chyau Charng Cherng , Tsai Ching Hsuan , Chen Chien Chou , Mau Jeng Leun , Tsai Shu Yao
Published: August 2015

Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) has long been used as a folk medicine. Volatile compounds were extracted from the rhizome using supercritical carbon dioxide at 10 MPa and 45oC. Totally, 31 compounds, including 15 terpenes, nine alcohols, six ketones and one other compound, were identified. Aqueous and methanolic extracts were prepared from dried rhizome and the methanolic fractions were prepared using silica gel column chromatography. Aqueous and methanolic extracts were extremely effective in antioxidant activity by the 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid method and EC50 (effective concentration at 50%) values of <10 μg/mL. EC50 values of aqueous methanolic and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts in antioxidant activities by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and conjugated diene methods were 6.58-8.86 and 0.43-0.67 mg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract was more effective in reducing power, scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Based on the results obtained, all extracts showed effective antioxidant properties.
The Influence of Replant Stress on Hormone and Absorption of Root for Different Apple Rootstocks
Authors: Guo Xiao Jing , Wang Rong , Zhang Zhen , Ge Rui , Mao Zhi Quan , Guo Ling , Shen Xiang
Published: August 2015

The differences of growth and root absorption of three apple rootstock seedlings was compared and the absorption of hydrogen ions and endogenous hormone levels under the replant stress was discussed in this study. Experimental results showed that the dry matter ofM. sieversiiseedlings was significantly decreased under replant stress and the root-shoot ratio was increased. Root biomass of three rootstocks increased observably and the total root length was extended by 1.45 times, 2.22 times, 1.71 times, respectively compared to control. Root activity of three rootstocks all decreased, which one ofM. hupehensisfell less than another two rootstocks. The flux direction of H+had no change forM.HupehensisandM.Hupehensis, which ofM.prunifoliachanged into outward from inward. The endogenous hormone level of three rootstocks in replant stress was affected. ABA content is higher than that of controls, IAA and ZR contents were lower than controls, GA inM. HupehensisandM. prunifoliawas higher than that of controls besidesM. Sieversii. The root amount of three rootstocks increased significantly. The dry matter accumulation, absorption of H+and endogenous hormone levels was affected and the sequence decreasingly wasM.Hupehensis,M. prunifoliaandM.Sieversiiaccording to the degree of tolerance to replant stress.
Finite Element Simulation of Pore Morphology and Stress Distribution of Porous Titanium
Authors: Wang Chun Yan , Li Bo Qiong
Published: August 2015

Porous Ti with an average pore size of 200-400 μm and porosity in the range of 25-50% has been manufactured using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders as spacer particles. The stress distribution of porous Ti was analyzed by Ansys software. The stress is prone to focusing on the surrounding of connected pore and weak cell. As the porosity and pore size increase, the concentration factor of stress increases due to the lager degree of pore connection and aggregation. Comparing with the ellipsoid pore model, the concentration factor of stress of the porous Ti with spherical pore is lower.
Effect of the Cooling Time in Annealing at 350°C on the Phase Transformation Temperatures of a Ni55Ti45 wt. Alloy
Authors: da Silva Tadeu Castro , Rosa Daniel Monteiro , da Silva Edson Paulo
Published: August 2015

When submitted to annealing thermal treatments Shape Memory Alloys have their phase transformation temperatures effected. The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of cooling time in the phase transformation temperatures of Ni55Ti45in w.t. % alloy annealed at 350°C. Samples of this alloy were maintained at 350°C for one hour and then cooled in the same furnace for 10 minutes, 1 hour and 24 hours. The phase transformation temperatures were measured by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at cooling and heating rates of 20°C/min. The results show that the annealing at 350°C changed the phase transformation up to 54%. For 10 minutes cooling time the Mftemperature increase from 15,65°C to 24,1°C. For the others cooling times the phase transformation temperature did not change significantly. Therefore, the cooling time for the annealing at 350°C did not effect the phase transformation temperatures of the Ni45Ti55in wt % shape memory alloy.
Magnetic Field Effect on Creep of Polycrystalline Copper
Authors: Konovalov Sergey V. , Yaropolova Nadezhda , Zaguyliaev Dmitry , Gromov Victor , Ivanov Yurii F. , Semin Alexander P.
Published: August 2015

The constant magnetic field effect (B≤0.6 T) on creep of polycrystalline copper and its dislocation substructure has been established. The correlation of creep rate to time up to failure has been determined. The magnetic field effect on change of dislocation substructure parameters depending on the distance to the surface of failure (at a distance of 2, 4, 7, 10 and 20 mm from the surface of failure) under creep has been studied. It has been shown that magnetic field affects greatly the redistribution of dislocation substructure types and their scalar density of dislocations. The magnetic field effect on polycrystalline copper is connected with magneto-induction relaxation of dislocation structure.
Evaluation on Interface Bonding of Thin Aluminum Clad Steel Strip
Authors: Li Long , Chen Xin , Zhou De Jing , Tang Chao Lan
Published: August 2015

The bond strength were comparatively measured by tensile test, tension shear test and compression shear test in order to evaluate bonding behavior of thin aluminum clad steel strips bonded by cold rolling, and furthermore determine minimum stable reduction of clad strips. The morphologies after fracture were observed and analyzed using SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer). The results show that it is lower for the bond strength obtained by shear test than one obtained by tensile test, which largely attributes to different stress states during testing. Minimum stable reduction can be defined as one beyond which the fracture would completely occur at aluminum component layer instead of interface between components, which is suggested as 40-45% based on fracture feature of Al clad steel strip.
Influence of Quench and Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of 20SiMn2MoVA Steel
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hai , Xu Wen Bo , Gu Jia Wei , Jiang Shi Hang
Published: August 2015

Using optical microscopy、impact and tensile test,Study the effects of different quenching and tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel 20SiMn2MoVA.The results showed that, at the test temperature range,with the rise of quenching temperature the tensile strength of steel 20SiMn2MoVA declining, Low-temperature impact energy along with the quenching temperature rise was increasing. After quenching at 920°Cand tempering at different temperatures, with increasing tempering temperature, the tensile strength of the material showed a declining trend, impact toughness values were rising trend has decreased, 220°Ctempered impact toughness appear peak. Below 300°C tempering is tempered martensite and a small amount of residual austenite; More than 300°C tempering, residual austenite begins to decompose, carbide separeated out, 400°Ctempering is tempered flexor s body. Test material at 920°Cafter quenching and tempering 220°C, has good strength and toughness, specific properties: tensile strength 1506 MPa and temperature impact toughness Akv 35.6J.
Effect of Grain Refiner C2Cl6 on Tensile Properties of Squeeze Cast Mg Alloy AM60
Authors: Fang Li , Zou Yan Da , Zhang Xue Zhi , Hu Henry
Published: August 2015

In this study, the hexachloroethane (C2Cl6) as a refiner was introduced into a cylindrical squeeze casting of magnesium alloy AM60 with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 25 mm. The casting was prepared under an applied pressure of 30 MPa. The results of tensile testing indicate the tensile properties for the C2Cl6-refined specimens were significantly improved over the untreated AM60 samples. Microstructure analyses with optical microscopes reveal the great grain refining capability of C2Cl6 on squeeze cast magnesium alloy AM60, which should be responsible for the enhanced tensile properties of the refined AM60.
Fine Grain Portland Cement Concrete with Complex Nanodisperse Admixture for Structure Rehabilitating
Authors: Fedorova Galina D. , Alexandrov Gregory N. , Yakovlev Grigory Ivanovich , Polyanskikh Irina Sergeevna , Pudov Igor Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2015

The influence of new complex nanodisperse admixture on structure and strength characteristics of fine grain concrete used in rehabilitation of damaged concrete structures has been studied. Concrete without the admixture is more susceptible to cracking than concrete with the complex admixture, thus increasing the working time of structures. At the age of 28 days the compressive strength of fine grain concrete with the admixture reaches 52,35 MPa, the flexural strength is 5,2 MPa. The strength characteristics of concrete increased by 15%.
Investigating Interior Changes in Historical Building by Computational Modeling and Determination Critical Places for Structural Conservation
Authors: Souček Jiří , Tichá Petra
Published: August 2015

Maintenance and restoration of historical buildings are an important contribution to sustainability of cultural heritage. Refurbishment should be adopted to preserve the essential features of the building ́s history and cultural heritage. Reconstruction of internal plaster in historical buildings belongs to important treatment in a landmark area. Plaster of historical buildings is usually characterized by an open porosity, which makes it sensitive to the degradation caused by physical and chemical agents. Alterations and structural faults can lead to invasive interventions which modify permanently the cultural value and the structural behavior of the buildings, in conflict with necessary preservation requirements.Knowledge of the historical building interior microclimate is essential for the definition of suitable reconstruction. Computer simulation plays major role in determining air flow, which can cause negative influence within historic buildings such as high level of moisture, fungus, chemical reactions etc. In order to prevent deterioration of plaster and to retard their decay, protective products – nanofibers – could be applied on the historical surfaces. Using nanofibers should cause minimal modifications to the historic appearance and protect from negative influences.
Microscopic Analysis of Degradation of Polymer Fibers Subjected to Aggressive Environment
Authors: Kostelecká Michaela , Kytýř Daniel , Koudelková Veronika , Koudelka Petr
Published: August 2015

The paper presents deals with degradation of polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) fibers used as a reinforcement in fiber-cement boards. The fibers were immersed for 28 days in three different solutions generating corrosive environment similar to conditions observed during service life of the intended application. The solutions used in the study contained: i) 3 % NaCl, ii) 5 % NaOH and iii) 5 % H2SO4. To obtain information about long term and also short term behaviour of the fibers part of investigated specimens was inspected for damage after 7 day exposure to corrosive environment. The results show that the corrosive resistance of the recently proposed PVA fibers is comparable to PP fibers when in either case structure of the fibers was not violated.
Non-Destructive Defectoscopy of Building Structures by Lock-In Thermography
Authors: Peřina Zdeněk , Fabian Radek , Wolfová Marie , Valíček Pavel , Panovec Vladan
Published: August 2015

Nowadays there are many diagnostic methods for the detection of different defects in building structures. Destructive methods, which do not enable purposeful redevelopment action or a potential cause prediction of the defect without damage to the structure, are mostly used. Lock-in thermography is based on the modulation of the controlled heat flow, which impact on the diagnosed object. Heat (usually sinusoidal) wave penetrates inside the element and in the place of environmental change, ie. anomalies / deviations in the structure of the material of the tested object are reflected back to the surface. The paper focuses on the possibility of using lock-in thermography in the detection of various defects in building structures.
Selection of Alternative Additives and their Influence on High-Temperature Resistance of Repair Mortars
Authors: Fiedlerová Michaela , Melichar Tomáš , Bydžovský Jiří , Dufka Ámos
Published: August 2015

Results of an experimental study focused on evaluating the suitability of selected alternative additives and their influence on high temperature resistance of repair mortars based on cement are presented in the article. As an alternative substitute, fly ash and blast furnace slag were selected and added in different dosage up to 10% of cement weight not as a substitution component. Aggregates of amphibolite origin were chosen in regard to the thermal resistance to high temperature.
Utilization of Liquefying Additives in Clay Fly Ash Grouting Mixtures
Authors: Helanová Ester , Kociánová Magdaléna , Drochytka Rostislav
Published: August 2015

Liquefying is an effort to achieve the lowest viscosity at the lowest water content in the mixture. Low water content tends to increase manipulation strength, and consequently to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting mixture after hardening. The aim of this paper is to verify the influence of liquefying additives, namely, sodium hexametaphosphate and tripolyphosphate on properties of clay-fly ash grouting mixtures. Tested properties of these mixtures are viscosity, additional shrinkage, coefficient of filtration and compressive strength.
Wooden Facade with Bonded Joints - Experimental Test
Authors: Nečasová Barbora , Liška Pavel , Šlanhof Jiří
Published: August 2015

A research case focused on vented wooden façade system with bonded joints is presented in this paper. The potential of bonded joints is studied and described in more detail and verified through experimental measurements. For the purpose of tests spruce timber profiles were chosen for the load bearing substructure and Siberian larch façade sheeting for the cladding. Three types of industrial adhesives intended for structural bonding were selected. The article is focused on the preparation as well as on the subsequent experimental verification of substructure bonding retention to the cladding. The adhesive bonds were tested both in tension as well as in shear at a temperature of (293.15 ± 3) K and a relative humidity of (55 ± 10) %. The test results proved the fact that bonded joints are more than suitable equivalent to the mechanical joints. During the tests appeared some differences in stability and failure behaviour between the adhesive systems as well as within the sheeting material. Additionally, the suitability of selected group of adhesives in combination with Siberian larch cladding material as well as with the timber substructure was confirmed.
Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Computations of Historic Structures
Authors: Maroušková Aneta
Published: August 2015

Possible approaches to the computation of historic structures and factors affecting the precision and accuracy of the results are presented in the paper. The degradation of building materials or incorrectly done technical and historical surveys affect the data entered into a numerical computation. The complexity of the model or, on the other hand, a significant simplification of the model can lead to the misinterpretation of the results. It is necessary to know what is calculated and be able to decide if the simplification of the numerical model does not entail the achievement of results with large reserves, for example, in the load-bearing capacity of the structure. On the contrary, the complexity of the model can result in its illegibility and potential mistakes in determining the contacts. It can easily happen that, for example, one element in the numerical model of a complex historic roof supports a different one, but, in fact, the opposite is true. The article presents specific examples of structures on paper and possible variations in the results obtained by considering the relevant factors. The results will be mutually compared for transparency.
Insufficient Maintenance an Achilles Heel of the Broumov Group of Churches
Authors: Facelli Giulia , Kuklík Pavel
Published: August 2015

As part of European cooperation here is presented collaboration among Universities on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, which gives the chance to international young students and professionals to take part on investigations of selected cultural heritage treasures. This report summarizes a structural investigation on two churches from the Broumov Group. The attention was focused on damages within the walls and the roof structure. Moreover laboratory and numerical analyses permitted to gather very important information on the current state of the two buildings and led to several remarks recommendations.
The Shear Strength of Epoxy Adhesive Used for Chemical Anchors
Authors: Barnat Jan , Bajer Miroslav
Published: August 2015

This paper summarizes the results of pilot experimental research focused on determination of the behaviour and bond strength limits of currently most widespread industrial glues used for anchor bonding. The goal of this research is to find the limits of the effective use of such glue types in high performance concrete, and also to verify the most commonly used design methods for bonded anchors. The progress and configuration of the experiments are described. The goal of this research is to find the limits of effective use of these glue types in high performance concrete and also verification of mostly used design methods. The article is closely focused on bond strength experiments using high strength concrete up to class C50/60 or higher together with pure epoxy resin and FRP reinforced resin).
Development of Thermal Insulation, Capillary Active Plasters Suitable for Historical Buildings
Authors: Hroudová Jitka , Zach Jiří , Sedlmajer Martin
Published: August 2015

The paper describes the results of research in the field of thermal insulation plasters suitable for thermal insulation and rehabilitation of historical buildings. The aim was to develop energy-efficient, lightweight plasters, using both common and alternative binders. These were mainly materials based on lime slurry and light porous aggregates that are compatible with the original plaster and masonry materials. These materials are, given their high porosity, capillary active materials and can therefore be used in the restoration of historical buildings, which are often burdened with higher moisture.
Remediation of Old Sandstone Structures via Hydroinsulating Injection Gels
Authors: Melichar Jindřich , Drochytka Rostislav , Dohnálek Pavel
Published: August 2015

Redevelopment of wet masonry by additional creating of hydroinsulating screens by injection gels is nowadays one of the most widespread methods in treating old damaged structures, which would not withstand any other more damaging method of redevelopment. One of the biggest advantages of this method is its quick and relatively easy application, excellent efficiency and low impact on buildings statics. This articles main object is observing penetration rate and final functionality of hydroinsulating injection gels in sandstone building materials.
The Effect of the Flood in 2002 on Microflora of the Sandstone Blocks of Charles Bridge in Prague
Authors: Wasserbauer Richard , Burgetová Eva , Rácová Zuzana
Published: August 2015

The flood in 2002 affected salinity and microflora of surface layers of the sandstone blocks of the Charles Bridge in Prague. The microbial decomposition of the organic contaminants causes a significant decrease of pH value which resulted in the chemical denitrification and, consequently, also in the microbial denitrification of nitrites and nitrates on the sandstone block surface.
Possibilities of Hydrophobization of Masonry Construction for High Risk Flood Areas
Authors: Zach Jiří , Hroudová Jitka , Sedlmajer Martin , Novák Vítězslav , Reif Martina
Published: August 2015

Most masonry materials exhibit a relatively high open porosity and water absorption which in case of flooding of the building with water leads to an enormous increase in the moisture content in the masonry, which has a negative impact on its properties and often also on its lifespan. With the modification of the properties of masonry elements and surface coatings as well as the choice of appropriate technology, foundation masonry and brickwork can radically reduce the absorption of the whole structure and largely eliminate the risk of structural damage during the flooding. The paper deals with the development of water-repellent masonry units and construction of watertight and waterproof masonry structures.
Grain Boundary Diffusion in Nanocrystalline Materials Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Kondratyev Vladimir V. , Kesarev Alexander G. , Lomaev Ilya L.
Published: August 2015

The model of diffusional mass transfer in the medium with a strong spatial dependence of diffusivity and its application to the grain boundary (GB) diffusion problem is presented. A significant decrease of diffusion activation energy is shown to take place takes place in the vicinity of non-equilibrium grain boundary, which leads to the formation of a region of enhanced diffusion. The generalization of grain boundary diffusion theory is given which accounts for the diffusion enhancement near GB. An original mathematical approach is developed and general asymptotic solutions of the one-and two-dimensional diffusion problems are derived for two types of diffusant source — constant and instant. The applicability domain of presented model is discussed.
The Role of Interfaces in Nanomaterials Behavior at Extremes
Authors: Andrievski R.A.
Published: August 2015

The main statements of nanomaterials concept are shortly considered. Current developments in the metallic nanomaterials stability under thermal, irradiation, deformation and corrosion actions are generalized and discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to possible prediction of thermal grain growth characteristics using the regular solution approximation. The key role of nanotwinned interfaces in the stability increase at extremes is described and pointed out. The attention is paid to unresolved and insufficiently studied problems.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of 1D Structural Elements and Stability of Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Gottstein Günter , Shvindlerman Lazar S.
Published: August 2015

Grain boundary triple junctions are the structural elements of a polycrystal. Recently it was recognized that they can strongly impact the microstructural evolution, and therefore there engender new opportunities to control and to design the grain microstructure of fine-grained and nanocrystalline materials due to their effect on recovery, recrystallization and grain growth. The measurement of triple junction energy and mobility is thus of great importance. The line energy of a triple junction constructs an additional driving force of grain growth. Taking the triple line energy into account, a modified form of the Zener force and the Gibbs-Thomson relation can be derived to reveal the influence of the triple line energy on second phase particles and the change of the equilibrium concentration of vacancies in the vicinity of voids at a grain boundary. The impact of triple junctions on the sintering of nanopowders is discussed. The role of “grain boundary - free surface” triple lines in the adhesive contact formation between spherical nanoparticles is considered. It is shown that there is a critical value of the triple line energy above which the nanoparticles do not stick together. Based on this result, a new nanoparticle agglomeration mechanism is proposed, which accounts for the formation of large agglomerates of crystallographically aligned nanoparticles during the nanopowder processing.
Grain Growth in Open Systems
Authors: Gusak Andriy , Abdank-Kozubski Rafał Leszek , Tyshchenko Dmytro
Published: August 2015

Grain growth in open systems is analyzed for the cases of flux-driven ripening during soldering, flux-driven lateral growth during deposition of thin films, flux-driven lateral growth during reactive growth of intermediate phase, flux-driven lateral growth of antiphase domains in FCC-phase A3B and BCC-phase AB during the diffusion growth of ordered phase layer.
Motion of Grain Boundaries: Experiments on Bicrystals
Authors: Molodov Dmitri A.
Published: August 2015

Recent research on grain boundary migration is reviewed. Novel in-situ measuring techniques based on orientation contrast imaging and the experimental results obtained on specially grown bicrystals are presented. Particularly, the investigated faceting and migration behavior of low angle grain boundaries under the curvature force in aluminum bicrystals was addressed. In contrast to the pure tilt boundaries, which remained straight/flat and immobile during annealing at elevated temperatures, mixed tilt-twist boundaries readily assumed a curved shape and steadily moved under the capillary force. Computational analysis revealed that this behavior is due to the inclinational anisotropy of grain boundary energy, which in turn depends on boundary geometry. The migration of planar grain boundaries induced by a magnetic field was measured in bismuth and zinc bicrystals. Various structurally different boundaries were investigated. The results revealed that grain boundary mobility essentially depends on the misorientation angle and the inclination of the boundary plane. Stress driven boundary migration in aluminium bicrystals was observed to be coupled to a tangential translation of the grains. The activation enthalpy of high angle boundary migration was found to vary non-monotonously with misorientation angle, whereas for low angle boundaries the migration activation enthalpy was virtually the same. The motion of the mixed tilt-twist boundaries under stress was observed to be accompanied by both the translation of adjacent grains parallel to the boundary plane and their rotation around the boundary plane normal.
Diffusion and Phase Transitions Accelerated by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Straumal Boris B. , Kogtenkova Olga A. , Valiev Ruslan Z. , Zięba Pawel , Baretzky Brigitte
Published: August 2015

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) can lead to the phase transformations in the materials. Even the SPD-treatment at ambient temperature TSPD = 300 K is frequently equivalent to the heat treatment at a certain elevated temperature (effective temperature) Teff > 300 K. However, if the real annealing at effective temperature leads to the grain growth, SPD leads to strong grain refinement. SPD also accelerates the mass transfer in the materials. In this review the methods of determination for effective temperature after high-pressure torsion of metallic alloys are discussed as well as SPD-driven acceleration of diffusion.
Optimization of Distribution Model for CNC Lathes Early Failures
Authors: Chen Dian Sheng , Lv Tian Shan
Published: August 2015

To eliminate early failures of CNC lathes, it is necessary to study the early failure distribution to establish accurate early failure distribution model of CNC lathes. During the modeling process, the same group of failure data obeys Weibull distribution, exponential distribution, super-exponential distribution and gamma distribution at the same time. To optimize the failure distribution model, this paper used “relevant index” method by comparing the distribution function curve fitting and determined that this group of failure data fitted Weibull distribution using maximum likelihood estimation method with its shape parameter k 0.8706 and scale parameter b142.6991.
Research on Intelligent Controller for EDM Online Parameters
Authors: Chen Ji Ming , Liu Yong Hong , Shen Rong , Wu Shi Peng
Published: August 2015

EDM is a complex time-varying system, and its online parameters have a great influence on processing stability. In order to overcome the difficulty of EDM online parameters control, this paper designed a kind of intelligent controller, based on fuzzy control and ANN technology, to implement real-time control of EDM online parameters. The simulation results show that this controller can improve machining efficiency and enhance processing stability.
Laser-Assisted Truing for Metal-Bonded Diamond Wheel
Authors: Yamada Keiji , Togo Shiro , Tomita Yukio , Yamane Yasuo , Sekiya Katsuhiko
Published: August 2015

Truing and dressing are time-consuming processes in precise finishing with super-abrasive wheels because of the hard super-abrasive grains which cause extensive wear of truer. In this paper, laser-assisted truing method for super-abrasive wheels is introduced. Feasibility of the proposed method is confirmed by fundamental experiments conducted with metal-bonded diamond wheel and pulsed Nd:YAG laser. On the surface of wheel irradiated with laser beam, it is found that the abrasive grains are degraded and the machinability of surface layer is remarkably improved.
Research on Mechanics and Control Methods of a New Loading Structure Based on Stewart Platform
Authors: Sun Yong Sheng , Fan Rui , Chen Wu Yi , Han Xian Guo
Published: August 2015

The paper presents a new multi-dimensional loading structure based on parallel mechanism used for testing the materials and components. The mechanics of structure is introduced, kinematics and control model is analyzed, and loadings are simulated. It shows that because various actual forces can be supplied and controlled, static and dynamic performances of components can be evaluated by this structure, with which the capacity of the load-bearing can be ensured accurately. The data obtained by this structure is very important for the design of the materials and the components.
Principle and Experiment of PRS-XY Hybrid NC Machine Tool
Authors: Niu Zhi Gang , Li Zhong , Deng Yong Jun
Published: August 2015

PRS-XY hybrid NC machine tool is a 5-degree-of-freedom cutting machine, which is composed of a 3-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism and a 2-degree-of-freedom series mechanism, and can be applied to machining and testing of machine parts with complex surface. In this paper, the kinematics principle of the machining tool is analyzed, and the kinematics model for calculating the location of the real control axis is deduced. Through the cutting experiment of a typical part, the kinematics principle of the PRS-XY hybrid machining tool is validated, and the results also indicated that the machining tool has the multi-coordinates machining ability and preferable machining precision.
Study on Machine Accuracy of the Serial-Parallel Machine Tool Based on the BP Neural Network
Authors: Pei Xu Ming , Liu Jie , Zhang Chao
Published: August 2015

It were researched that the modeling methods of machine accuracy and the control techniques of the error compensation based on BP neural network(BPNN) for parallel machine tool(PMT)with five degrees of freedom(DOF). The samples are obtained to train the BP neural network which has good capacity for non- liner mapping, learning and generalization. The machine accuracy mathematics model is established for the error compensation, in order to study the nonlinear input and output problem of the parallel machine which difficultly modeling described. The trained neural network was applied to error compensation of PMT to realize modifying errors real-timely. Finally, simulation analysis was performed through the MATLAB software. The results expressed that the control strategies for error compensation were simple, efficient and practicable. Machine accuracy can be increased greatly after compensation.
Dimensional Designing Study on a Novel 3-RPS Parallel Machine
Authors: Cui Xue Liang , Han Xian Guo , Chen Wu Yi
Published: August 2015

Analysis on the singularity of the 3-RPS parallel machine which probably occurs in the engineering application is presented. The influence of the singular configurations in the workspace of the parallel machine is interpreted. To improve the orientation capacity of the moving platform, a novel complex spherical joint is designed, however a special singularity namely coaxial singularity is resulted in. By optimizing the dimension parameters and designing a special moving platform, the singularity can be averted in the wanted workspace, and the nutation angle of the parallel machine can be enlarged to ±45 degree.
Research on the Integrated Design of Dual Mass Flywheel CAD/CAE/CAM
Authors: Yan Zheng Feng , Jiang Zheng Feng
Published: August 2015

Combining the research and development of dual mass flywheel, the paper explores the realizing methods of CAD/CAE/CAM integrated design system. The system is composed of modules including digital structure design and simulation, entire-car NVH analysis, analysis and optimization of formation process and welding process. Based on PDM technique, data sharing and integration could be realized through corresponding interface procedures by establishing a uniform product data model. The paper studies on the digital structure design and simulation, torsional vibration analysis, sheet material forming technology simulation and welding technology simulation. Finally the paper shows the comparison between one type of dual mass flywheel sample test curve and simulation curve.
Flank Milling for Blisk with a Barrel Ball Milling Cutter
Authors: Li Tian , Chen Wu Yi , Xu Ru Feng , Wang Dan
Published: August 2015

To satisfy the requirement in blisk machining, a barrel-ball milling (BBM) cutter suitable for machining both blade and hub is presented in this paper. The selection of cutter parameter and calculation of cutter location were put forward. The new efficient machining cutter location via the advanced optimization on cutter machining strip width was gained. By the numerical simulation of blisk blade machining, the feasibility of the BBM cutter and cutter location strategy were verified. The result showed that the efficiency of this method was increased to more than three times compared to the machining with a ball cutter.
Equipment Integration-Based Workshop e-Manufacturing Execution Mode and Supporting Technologies
Authors: Wang Qi Feng
Published: August 2015

To effectively realize the optimal operation target of paperless production, real time production and integration in manufacturing process for workshop manufacturing system, this paper puts forward an equipment integration-based workshop e-Manufacturing execution mode, and analyzes the basic elements for the operation mode. Furthermore, some of the key issues which are important to support the operation mode are described in detail, including system integration technologies, equipment integration-based real time data collection and information interaction technologies. Finally, the operation mode is applied in a NC workshop of an automobile part manufacturing enterprise in Chongqing, and its feasibility is demonstrated.
Automatic Process Learning to Restore Omitted 2D Drawings
Authors: Tanaka Masaji , Kaneeda Toshiaki , Yokoi Ryosuke , Fujiwara Machiko
Published: August 2015

Though solid modeling becomes essential to research present CAD systems, a great many small companies still use 2D CAD systems. So, automatic conversion systems between them have been desired for many years. Most of proposed methods could apply to only correct 2D drawings in geometry. However, simplified drawings are usually used in actual design. In our method, the relationships of lines in 2D drawings could be acquired as properties. So, when a user operates broken lines to make correct lines, the processes of operations can be learned and generalized by using the properties, and generalized processes can be applied to new broken lines of 2D drawings.
Tool Life Improvement of Coated Carbide Tools Treated by Novel Nitriding Technique
Authors: Sakai Katsuhiko , Suzuki Yasuo , Inoue Hisaya , Utino Katsuyoshi , Horikoshi Yasuyuki
Published: August 2015

This paper describes the effects of novel nitriding technique used in various carbide cutting tools. In manufacturing, eco-friendly machining is demanded of late. So far, many kinds of methods were made practical, for example MQL process. Through the development of coating technology, dry cutting process has been used and even now more improvement of tool life is required. Both coated and the non-coated carbide tool were applied with novel nitriding to elongate their tool life. The results show novel nitriding decreased the coated carbide tool wear and improved its tool life 1.4 times longer than non-treated carbide. Similarly, the non-coated carbide tool wear decreased and built-up edge on tool surface reduced. These improvements may be derived from the hardening effect on the binder material within the carbide tools.
Development of Novel NC Machining System for Non-Circular Shafts
Authors: Wu Xian Gang , Huang Da Gui , Chen Chang
Published: August 2015

A new kind of numerical control (NC) system for machining shafts with non-circular cross-section is proposed in this paper. It is composed of one X-Z platform, a special micro-feed mechanism driven by a simple cam, and one rotating tool. A new circumferential curve interpolation algorithm based on the cam mechanism is put forward to machine the shafts with any non-circular cross-section, and its efficiency is verified by the simulation. Especially, the larger cutting force can be obtained by use of individual rotating tool. The requirement on response speed is no longer strict. It shows more flexibility on manufacturing.
Five-Axis Machining Tool Vector Control of Impeller
Authors: Zhao Can , Sun Jian Feng , Bu Guang Bin
Published: August 2015

There are two key problems in the manufacture process of impeller, one is the collision of tool and blade, the other is gnawed-cutting arisen by non-uniform change of the cutter axis. UG software was used to solve those problems. Tool tip position was solved by UG. The control algorithm of collision-free cutter-axis was described and applied. The cutter-axis vector was optimized by quaternary linear interpolation method to make normal vector of blade changing continuous, so. These methods were synthetically used in the manufacture experiment. The impeller produced by it was qualified. It indicated that the method of tool vector control was feasible.
Simulation-Based Manufacturing Interoperability Standards and Testing
Authors: Shao Guo Dong , Leong Swee , McLean Charles
Published: August 2015

Software applications for manufacturing systems developed using software from different vendors typically cannot work together. Develop¬ment of custom integrations of manufacturing software incurs costs and delays that hurt industry productivity and competitiveness. Software applications need to be tested in live operational systems. It is impractical to use real industrial systems to support dynamic interoperability test¬ing and research due to: 1) access issues - manu¬facturing facilities are not open to outsiders, as proprietary data and processes may be compro¬mised; 2) technical issues - operational systems are not instrumented to support testing; and 3) cost issues - productivity suffers when actual production systems are taken offline to allow testing. Publicly available simulations do not exist to demonstrate simulation integration issues, validate potential standards solu¬tions, or dynamically test the interoperability of simulation systems and other software applica¬tions. A new, dynamic, simulation-based interoperability testing facility for manufacturing software applications is being developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Dynamic Stress and Deformation of Non-Homogeneous Poroelastic Shells of Revolution Saturated in Viscous Fluid
Authors: Gonda Takeshi , Tao Katsumi , Otsuka Shigeru , Yakabe Masaki
Published: August 2015

This paper describes an analytical formulation and a numerical solution of the elastic dynamic problems of non-homogeneous poroelastic shells of revolution saturated in viscous fluid. The porosity and porous diameter of the material are assumed to be continuously varied along the shell thickness. The equations of motion and the relations between strains and displacements are derived by extending the Sanders shell theory. As the constitutive relations, the consolidation theory of Biot for models of fluid-solid mixtures is employed. The flow of viscous fluid through a porous elastic solid is governed by Darcy's law. In the numerical analysis of the fundamental equations an usual finite difference form is employed for the spatial derivatives and the inertia terms are treated with the backward difference formula proposed by Houbolt. As a numerical example, the simply supported cylindrical shell under a semi-sinusoidal internal load with respect to time is analyzed. Numerical computations are carried out by changing porosity and mean void radius along the shell thickness, and the variations of pore pressure, displacements and internal forces with time are analyzed.
Study on Green Design and Biodegradability of B-Containing Water-Based Cutting Fluid
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhang Xiu Ling , Jia Xiao Ming
Published: August 2015

Cutting fluid occupies an important position in the metal processing. The performance and pollution problem brought to the environment of cutting fluid are paid attention to day by day. Proceed from the perspective of green design, using castor oil which has a good biodegradability, triethanolamine, boric acid and the sodium polyacrylate whose molecular weight is less than 2×104 as the main raw materials, a boron-containing water-based cutting fluid had been obtained. The performance of B-containing water-based cutting fluid are measured according to GB/T6144-1985 regulation which is the technical requirements of synthetic cutting fluid. And the biodegradability of mineral oil, castor oil, modified castor oil and B-containing water-based cutting fluid are measured by improved Storstroem Test (OECD301B). The test results show that the B-containing water-based cutting fluid has a good performance of physical and chemical. And the biodegradation rate of the cutting fluid is 87%, which indicates the cutting fluid has a good biodegradability.
Importance of MQL Media Composition in Near-Dry Machining of Aluminum
Authors: Wakabayashi Toshiaki , Suda Satoshi , Shibata Junichi
Published: August 2015

MQL technique has been recognized as the most representative method of environmentally friendly near-dry machining. In machining of aluminum and its alloys, since they have highly adhesive characteristics, effective lubrication is often necessary and MQL machining sometimes finds difficulty. This paper therefore investigates the lubricating action of MQL media with various compositions in machining of aluminum. Detailed examination regarding the contents of carrier gases has demonstrated oxygen leads to the low cutting performance and its concentration in carrier gases has to be kept below the level between 1% and 10% to attain successful MQL machining of aluminum. Further, increasing the amount of MQL lubricant supply by boosting the air pressure is the efficient and convenient way to make MQL drilling of aluminum satisfactory.
A Micromilling Experimental Study on AISI 4340 Steel
Authors: Wang Jin Sheng , Zhao Da Jian , Gong Ya Dong
Published: August 2015

A micromilling experimental study on AISI 4340 steel is conducted to understand the micromilling principle deeply. The experimental results, especially on the surface roughness and cutting force, are discussed in detail. It has been found the minimum chip thickness influences the surface roughness and cutting force greatly. Meanwhile, the material elastic recover induces the increase of the axial micromilling force. The average cutting force and its spectrum analysis validate the minimum chip thickness approximation of AISI 4340 is about 0.35μm.
Surface Modification of Stainless Steel for Surgical Tool by EB-Polishing
Authors: Okada Akira , Uno Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Hiroaki , Fujiwara Kunihiko , Doi Kenji
Published: August 2015

A new surface finishing method by large-area electron beam irradiation (EB-polishing) for stainless steels for orthopedic surgical tool was proposed in our previous paper, and it was shown that high-efficient surface finishing was possible by the EB-polishing. In this report, the surface structure of EB-polished stainless steel is analyzed by TEM and EDX. Also, surface modification effects such as resistance to corrosion and blood repellency are evaluated. Then, the applicability of the EB-polishing as a new surface modification method of stainless steel for orthopedic surgical tool is discussed.