bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-based vitrimers from divanillic acid and epoxidized soybean oil
Authors: Zhang Yunfan , Yukiko Enomoto , Tadahisa Iwata
Published: March 2023

Bio-based vitrimers based on dynamic transesterification were cured from divanillic acids and epoxidized soybean oil. These materials exhibited satisfactory thermal and mechanical properties, and could be reprocessed at high temperatures.
Recent advances in catalyst design and activity enhancement induced by a magnetic field for electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Kun , Yang Qian , Zhang Haowen , Zhang Meiling , Jiang Hunan , Zheng Chen , Li Jinyang
Published: March 2023

This review summarizes the current understanding of magnetic field-assisted synthesis of catalysts and enhancement of catalytic efficiency, including modulation of surface electronic structure, and electron spin state regulation mechanisms.
In vivo evaluation of compliance mismatch on intimal hyperplasia formation in small diameter vascular grafts
Authors: Yao Yuan , Pohan Grace , Cutiongco Marie F. A. , Jeong YeJin , Kunihiro Joshua , Zaw Aung Moe , David Dency , Shangguan Hanyue , Yu Alfred C. H. , Yim Evelyn K. F.
Published: March 2023

Synthetic vascular grafts with varied compliance were fabricated and studied in vivo. Reducing compliance mismatch between graft and native artery lowered intimal hyperplasia formation and increased graft patency.
Application of hindered ether solvents for palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira and cascade Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Sangon Suwiwat , Supanchaiyamat Nontipa , Sherwood James , Macquarrie Duncan J. , Noppawan Pakin , Hunt Andrew J.
Published: March 2023

2,2,5,5-Tetramethyloxolane (TMO) and 2,5-diethyl-2,5-dimethyloxolane (DEDMO) have been utilized as sustainable, environmentally friendly, and effective alternatives solvents for Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira reactions.
Development of NaY9Si6O26:Yb3+ phosphors with high thermal stability for NIR anti-counterfeiting: study of its crystal structure and luminescent properties
Authors: Kang Tae Wook , Choi Yeon Bin , Kang Chae Ha , Park Young Ji , Kim Jin Ho , Bae Byungseo , Kim Sun Woog
Published: March 2023

Herein, the results of our study suggest that NaY9Si6O26:Yb3+ phosphors are promising next-generation candidates for advanced anti-counterfeiting applications.
Mechanocatalytic depolymerization of hemicellulose to low molecular weight oligosaccharides over an aquivion ionomer
Authors: Sierra Cantor Jonathan Fabian , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Labat Gilles , Da Silva Perez Denilson , Jérôme François
Published: March 2023

Hemicellulose is mechanocatalytically depolymerized to low molecular weight oligosaccharides with a DP lower than 9 in 70% yield, and without any solvent.
Thickness dependent physical properties of evaporated permalloy/GaAs(100) thin films
Authors: Cherrad Ounissa , Kharmouche Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Thermally evaporated Permalloy Ni80Fe20(Py) thin films on GaAs (100) substrates, for thickness ranging from 132 to 277 nm, are studied. The effect of Py thickness on their physical properties is examined. In order to determine their structure, microstructure, surface morphology, chemical compositions and electrical properties, the deposited Py films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the Hall Effect measurement system (HMS-5300) tools. The obtained X-ray diffraction spectra showed that all samples crystallize in FCC structure with <111> preferred orientation. The grain size and lattice parameter increase with increasing thickness. SEM micrographs revealed very dense structure without micro-cracks and very fine spherical grain distribution. AFM images showed a very smooth surface for all deposited Py films. Electrical measurements revealed that the electrical resistivity and the magnetoresistance decrease with increasing film thickness, while mobility increases.
A multiphase Cahn–Hilliard system with mobilities and the numerical simulation of dewetting
Authors: Bretin Elie , Denis Roland , Masnou Simon , Sengers Arnaud , Terii Garry
Published: March 2023

We propose in this paper a new multiphase Cahn–Hilliard model with doubly degenerate mobilities. We prove by a formal asymptotic analysis that it approximates with second order accuracy the multiphase surface diffusion flow with mobility coefficients and surface tensions. To illustrate that it lends itself well to numerical approximation, we propose a simple and effective numerical scheme together with a very compact Matlab implementation. We provide the results of various numerical experiments to show the influence of mobility and surface tension coefficients. Thanks to its second order accuracy and its good suitability for numerical implementation, our model is very handy for tackling notably difficult surface diffusion problems. In particular, we show that it can be used very effectively to simulate numerically the dewetting of thin liquid tubes on arbitrary solid supports without requiring nonlinear boundary conditions.
Microstructural investigations on laser welded Al-30wt.% B4C composite
Authors: Li Yunjiang , Le Guomin , Zhang Pengcheng , Xian Yajiang , Hu Zuqi , Pang Xiaoxuan
Published: March 2023

In order to tailor the microstructures and mechanical properties of laser welded Al-B4C composite, it is necessary to elucidate the chemical reactions between B4C reinforcement and Al matrix during laser welding process. In this study, 3 mm thick Al-30wt.% B4C plates were laser welded using different parameters. Then the microstructure, reaction products, tensile properties and fracture surface of welded joint were studied. The results show that the reaction products of the weld zone can be controlled by varying the welding energy input, but the full penetration welded joint requires high energy input (120 KJ/m in this paper). For the full penetration welded joint, all B4C particles and part Al matrix react to form irregularly particle-like AlB2C2 and coarse needle-like Al4C3 phases, the joint efficiency is 67%. The failure mechanism of AlB12C2 is cleavage fracture, and the failure mechanism of Al4C3 is interfacial decohesion and pull out. The interfacial decohesion between Al4C3 and Al matrix results in crack initiation due to their weak bonding interface. The cracks propagate, connect and penetrate the brittle AlB12C2 phase and eventually lead to brittle fracture of the joint.
Kant’s anti-humanism: An outline
Authors: Kozyra Wojciech
Published: March 2023

Kantian ethics is widely associated with a dictum stating that the human being possesses an absolute value. This position is famously articulated by Kant in the formula of the categorical imperative which states that each person should always be treated as an ultimate end – not as a mere means. Arguably, we face here a goodprima faciecase for reckoning Kant among the humanists. In spite of this, I argue – contrary to the popular view – that Kant’s ethical theory should be understood as “nomocentric”, and to that extent as anti-humanistic. Obviously, human beings are special for Kant in a morally important way, but their unique significance is not due to their nature as such, but consists solely in their capacity to fulfil the demands imposed on them by the moral law. While establishing this thesis, I discuss various examples of anti-humanistic pronouncements from Kant’s texts, ranging from the pre-critical period up to the late writings, and thereby show that e.g. Kant’s (in)famous insistence on the claim that saving an innocent human life does not justify a white lie (On the Right to Lie From Philanthropy, 1797) is anything but a slip of the pen on Kant’s part. In thecourse of the argument I also emphasise the subjective component to all teleology in Kant including the teleological account of the categorical imperative, and suggest that Kant’s apparent ambivalence towards humanism is rendered intelligible by paying close attention to his dualistic anthropology.
God’s role in the ethics of Kant and Dostoevsky
Authors: Cibotaru Veronica
Published: March 2023

Despite their differences there is a deeper connection between Kant and Dostoevsky’s thought on the relationship between belief in God and ethics. For Dostoevsky, belief in the existence of God plays an essential role with regard to the possibility and meaning of ethics. This role is expressed in the idea that we can find for example in The Brothers Karamazov, according to which if there were no God, everything would be allowed, i.e. there would not be any sense in moral interdiction. In Kantian moral theory, on the other hand, even though God is not a condition of possibility for ethics as such, as in Dostoevsky’s case, it is still a subjective condition for the possibility of the realisation of ethics for finite human beings. Furthermore, I show that for both thinkers the importance of God for ethics does not exclude the importance of freedom. Thus, I argue that there is an implicit reflection on the importance of freedom for faith and therefore also for ethics in Dostoevsky’s thought. In the “Legend of the Inquisitor” from The Brothers Karamazov Dostoevsky actually criticises dogmatic faith, incarnated in the figure of the Inquisitor. I will conclude from this that, according to Dostoevsky, faith needs a form of freedom.
The role of limitation and the language of the intelligence in Kant
Authors: Basile Cassandra
Published: March 2023

The precept “know thyself” in The Metaphysics of Morals is used by Kant as a guide for human beings to determine their limits and abilities with regard to reaching freedom and autonomy. This precept is also found in the first Critique when Kant deals with the inquiry that reason must conduct upon itself. The discipline that reason must impose on itself in the first Critique is indispensable in order to establish its own area of activity, and to try to determine its internal conflict, originating in the transcendental illusion that reason itself creates. In Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View and in the Lectures on Pedagogy one discovers the same situation as it relates to the human being who enters into society: the person has to limit herself and her wild freedom. This type of limitation is productive because through it human beings can discover something about themselves. Limiting their actions requires human beings to shed their mask of morality and analyse the true intentions behind their actions. In the light of this, it is possible to establish two different analogies. One concerns the way in which reason deals with its illusion and the way in which the human being does the same with the illusion produced in society (which in Anthropology Kant calls moral illusion. The other analogy concerns the type of discipline that both reason and the human being impose on themselves.
Heritages of Radical Enlightenment. Kant’s contribution to the affirmation of social rights
Authors: Pirni Alberto
Published: March 2023

The idea of “social right” is undoubtedly part of what has been called “the Radical Enlightenment”, of which Kant has been one of the main and more fruitful intellectual voices. The paper’s first focus is devoted to framing the particular status that social rights possess and have possessed in the light of their intellectual genealogy and their intrinsically problematic content. Next, the paper examines how Kant related to this broader picture, analysing the text dealing with the question of rights most directly, namely the first part of the Metaphysics of Morals. The paper explores thus the foundation of social rights as understood by Kant (hinted at in the Metaphysics of Morals), and turns to the work which is more conceptually connected to the former: the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. It is in this context, within the discourse related to the fundaments of the moral and juridical community, that promising traces can be found of a “latent foundation” for social rights, that is destined to have an influencing ethical and political future and shall be analysed critically and in-depth.
“I am fatigued of being stigmatized”: On the need to investigate stigma-related barriers to physical activity
Authors: Chalabaev Aïna , Mazéas Alexandre , Forestier Cyril , Sniehotta Falko F.
Published: March 2023

Understanding what predicts behavior change is a hot topic in health psychology, especially with regard to physical activity. While existing research has revealed key factors of physical activity (e.g., reasoned cognitions, automatic processes), it fails to accurately identify those that are specific to the most inactive populations (e.g., older adults, obese individuals, women, people living with chronic disease). In this commentary, we propose to articulate current approaches of health behavior change with the social psychology of stereotypes, based on the observation that inactive groups are often targeted by negative stereotypes. This articulation may allow to better identify the barriers to physical activity that are specific to individuals from the most inactive groups. More particularly, we propose that low self-control resources, indexed by perceived fatigue, and negative self-perceptions may be key factors of physical inactivity in these individuals. This proposition could in turn help to explain why some behavioral change techniques that are efficient in healthy or young adults are inefficient in other individuals.
Roboterassistierte thorakoskopische Zwerchfellraffung
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Titze Laurin , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin
Published: March 2023

Das Leitsymptom des erworbenen einseitigen Zwerchfellhochstands ist die Atemnot, die typischerweise im Liegen, beim Bücken und beim Schwimmen verstärkt auftritt. Die Ätiologie ist
vielfältig, wobei die idiopathische Genese und die Zwerchfellparese nach Schädigung des N. phrenicus, bspw. bei (kardio-)thorakalen Eingriffen, die häufigsten Ursachen darstellen. Trotz
vielfältiger Behandlungsansätze ist die operative Zwerchfellraffung die aktuell einzige effektive Therapie. Ziel der Operation ist die Wiederherstellung der Spannung des Zwerchfells, wodurch
die Atemmechanik verbessert, das Ausdehnungsvolumen erhöht und eine mögliche Kompression von basal durch abdominelle Organe verringert wird. Hierfür stehen verschiedene Operationstechniken
mit verschiedenen Zugangswegen zur Verfügung. Die roboterassistierte thorakoskopische Zwerchfellraffung verbindet die Vorteile eines minimalinvasiven Zugangs mit einer hervorragenden
Darstellung des Situs und einem großen Handlungsspielraum für den Operateur. Diese Operationsmethode ist sehr sicher, vergleichsweise einfach zu erlernen und geht mit deutlichen funktionalen
Verbesserungen einher.
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: Dementia and Cognitive
Impairment
Authors: Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Mahmood Tarique , Ahsan Farogh , Wasim Rufaida , Shariq Mohammad , Parveen Saba , Maheshwari Shubhrat
Published: March 2023

The pathophysiological processes of dementia and cognitive impairment are linked
to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE).The
neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein and
senile plaques (SPs), which are brought on by amyloid beta (Aβ)
deposition, are the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive
neurodegenerative condition. Advanced glycation end products that are produced
as a result of vascular dysfunction are bound by the receptor for advanced
glycation end products (RAGE). Dementia and cognitive impairment could develop
when RAGE binds to Aβ and produces reactive oxygen species, aggravating
Aβ buildup and ultimately resulting in SPs and NFTs. RAGE could be a
more powerful biomarker than Aβ because it is implicated in early AD.
The resident immune cells in the brain known as microglia are essential for
healthy brain function. Microglia is prominent in the amyloid plaques’
outside border as well as their central region in Alzheimer’s disease.
Microglial cells, in the opinion of some authors, actively contribute to the
formation of amyloid plaques. In this review, we first discuss the early
diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment, and then detail the interaction
between RAGE and Aβ and Tau that is necessary to cause dementia and
cognitive impairment pathology, and it is anticipated that the creation of RAGE
probes will help in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia and cognitive
impairment.
Chemical Reactions of Indole Alkaloids That Enable Rapid Access to New Scaffolds for Discovery
Authors: Huigens III Robert W. , Leas Derek A. , Schultz Daniel C.
Published: March 2023

This graphical review provides a concise overview of indole alkaloids and chemical reactions that have been reported to transform both these natural products and derivatives to rapidly access new molecular scaffolds. Select biologically active compounds from these synthetic efforts are reported herein.
What Is the Risk? Epidemiology and Evidence for Surveillance Regimens
Authors: Islam Bianca , Nguyen Vu
Published: March 2023

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The risk for CRC is positively correlated to the duration of disease, extent of colonic involvement, and severity of inflammation. After 8 to 10 years of IBD diagnosis, the risk for CRC rises substantially and screening colonoscopy is recommended. Surveillance colonoscopy interval ranges from 1 to 5 years depending on patient and disease-specific risk factors. IBD patients with high risk factors such as having concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis, moderate-to-severe inflammation, first-degree relative with CRC at early age, or history of invisible dysplasia or high-risk visible dysplasia should undergo surveillance colonoscopy in 1 year. Meanwhile, those with minimal colonic involvement or ≥2 consecutive unremarkable examinations while in continuous remission may consider extending the surveillance interval to 5 years. Advance in colonoscopy technique such as chromoendoscopy using dyes and/or image digital processing (virtual chromoendoscopy) may enhance dysplasia detection and is the preferred method for IBD surveillance. In the era of high-definition colonoscope, the practice of obtaining extensive biopsies throughout the colon remains controversial but is generally recommended to improve the detection rate of invisible dysplasia. Endoscopic surveillance in IBD has been shown to result in earlier detection of CRC and improved prognosis.
Minimally Invasive versus Open Ureteral Reimplantation in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Feng Shaoguang , Yu Zhechen , Yang Yicheng , Bi Yunli , Luo Jinjian
Published: March 2023

Purpose We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open ureteral reimplantation (OUR) in children.

Methods Literature searches were conducted to identify studies that compared MIS (laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation or robot-assisted laparoscopic ureteral replantation) and OUR in children. Parameters such as operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, success rate, postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary retention, postoperative hematuria, wound infection, and overall postoperative complications were pooled and compared by meta-analysis.

Results Among the 7,882 pediatric participants in the 14 studies, 852 received MIS, and 7,030 received OUR. When compared with the OUR, the MIS approach resulted in shorter hospital stays (I
2 = 99%, weighted mean difference [WMD] –2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] –4.22 to –1.41; p < 0.001), less blood loss (I
2 = 100%, WMD –12.65, 95% CI –24.82 to –0.48; p = 0.04), and less wound infection (I
2 = 0%, odds ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.78; p = 0.02). However, no significant difference was found in operative time and secondary outcomes such as postoperative UTI, urinary retention, postoperative hematuria, and overall postoperative complications.

Conclusion MIS is a safe, feasible, and effective surgical procedure in children when compared with OUR. Compared with OUR, MIS has a shorter hospital stay, less blood loss, and less wound infection. Furthermore, MIS is equivalent to OUR in terms of success rate and secondary outcomes such as postoperative UTI, urinary retention, postoperative hematuria, and overall postoperative complications. We conclude that MIS should be considered an acceptable option for pediatric ureteral reimplantation.
Structural role of osteocalcin and its modification in bone fracture
Authors: Bailey Stacyann , Poundarik Atharva A. , Sroga Grazyna E. , Vashishth Deepak
Published: March 2023

Osteocalcin (OC), an abundant non-collagenous protein in bone extracellular matrix, plays a vital role in both its biological and mechanical function. OC undergoes post-translational modification, such as glycation; however, it remains unknown whether glycation of OC affects bone's resistance to fracture. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the formation of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end-product (AGE) cross-link on mouse OC analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Next, we establish that the presence of OC in mouse bone matrix is associated with lower interlamellar separation (distance) and thicker bridges spanning the lamellae, both of which are critical for maintaining bone's structural integrity. Furthermore, to determine the impact of modification of OC by glycation on bone toughness, we glycated bone samples in vitro from wild-type (WT) and osteocalcin deficient (Oc−/−) mice, and compared the differences in total fluorescent AGEs and fracture toughness between the Oc−/− glycated and control mouse bones and the WT glycated and control mouse bones. We determined that glycation resulted in significantly higher AGEs in WT compared to Oc−/− mouse bones (delta-WT > delta-OC, p = 0.025). This observed change corresponded to a significant decrease in fracture toughness between WT and Oc−/− mice (delta-WT vs delta-OC, p = 0.018). Thus, we propose a molecular deformation and fracture mechanics model that corroborates our experimental findings and provides evidence to support a 37%–90% loss in energy dissipation of OC due to formation of pentosidine cross-link by glycation. We anticipate that our study will aid in elucidating the effects of a major non-collagenous bone matrix protein, osteocalcin, and its modifications on bone fragility and help identify potential therapeutic targets for maintaining skeletal health.
Linear and thermo-optically generated nonlinear optical response of bovine serum albumin and its constituent amino acids in continuous wave z-scan
Authors: Tarek S. A. , Faruque S. B. , Sharafuddin S. M. , Hasan K. M. E. , Hossain A. K. M. M. , Ara H. , Biswas M. K. , Haque Y.
Published: March 2023

Proteins are large biomolecules in the form of polypeptide chains consisting of amino acid (AA) residues. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and continuous wave (CW) z-scan of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and some of its constituent AAs were examined to deduce the relationship between the optical properties of this protein molecule and its constituents. From the analysis of their optical spectra, the absorption at 278 nm by BSA is found to be the outcome of the cumulative effects of the absorptions by constituent aromatic AA residues, cysteine disulfide bonds, and methionine. Similarly, the closed aperture CW z-scan of BSA and those of the constituent AAs at 74–106 mW incident optical power at 655 nm indicate that thermally generated third-order optical effects arise in BSA and its aromatic AA residues due to multiphoton absorptions. The nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of BSA and those of the AA residues are compared in terms of their molar phase shift per unit power, which indicate a possible relationship between the NLO property of BSA and its AA residues.
Fabrication method of GaN template for high-speed chemical lift-off
Authors: Jeong Woo Seop , Ahn Min Joo , Ko Hyun-A , Shim Kyu-yeon , Kang Seongho , Kim Hwayoung , Kim Dae-sik , Jhin Junggeun , Byun Dongjin
Published: March 2023

In this study, a gallium nitride (GaN) template fabrication method for efficient chemical lift-off (CLO) is developed. CLO is slower than other lift-off methods. An air tunnel structure is formed using a photoresist to reduce the process time and improve the etchant penetration rate. Furthermore, an aluminum nitride (AlN) sacrificial layer is mounted on a trapezoid-shaped patterned sapphire substrate. GaN epitaxial growth is observed on the AlN sacrificial layer. The basic physical properties of the grown GaN are investigated using x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence measurement. The GaN template with the air tunnel structure is depleted by CLO, and the peeling rate is found to be 2.3–6.45 times higher than that reported in the literature.
Analysis of capacitance and charge accumulation for an electric double layer on porous electrode
Authors: Shimazu Yoshihiro
Published: March 2023

The configuration of an electric double layer transistor (EDLT) allows for a very high surface charge density that cannot be achieved by solid dielectrics. Novel phases and superconductivity have been explored using the EDLT technique. The channel in an EDLT typically consists of single crystals or two-dimensional materials. When polycrystalline materials with porous surfaces are used as channel materials in an EDLT, it may not be easy to prepare gate electrodes that have a larger surface area than that of the channel to accumulate significant charge on the channel. Based on the impedance measurements, we estimated the electric double layer (EDL) capacitance on porous YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO), which can be used as a gate electrode. The ratio of the EDL capacitances on YBCO and Au per unit area was found to be larger than 10, implying that the large surface area is associated with the YBCO porosity. The accumulated electrostatic charge on the YBCO electrodes estimated from double-step chronocoulometry is consistent with the EDL capacitance obtained from impedance measurements. Our work should broaden the applicability of EDLT to a wide range of materials, including porous materials.
Vernalisation and photoperiod responses of diverse wheat genotypes
Authors: Bloomfield Maxwell T. , Celestina Corinne , Hunt James R. , Huth Neil , Zheng Bangyou , Brown Hamish , Zhao Zhigan , Wang Enli , Stefanova Katia , Hyles Jessica , Rathjen Tina , Trevaskis Ben
Published: March 2023

Context Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adaptation is highly dependent on crop lifecycle duration, particularly the time at which flowering occurs in a specific environment. Frost, low solar radiation, heat and drought can significantly reduce yield if a crop flowers too early or late. Wheat genotypes have different lifecycle durations determined by plant responses to temperature (thermal time accumulation and vernalisation) and photoperiod. These responses are largely controlled by five phenology genes (two PPD1 and three VRN1 genes). Advances in crop phenology modelling suggest that flowering time under field conditions could be accurately predicted with parameters derived from photoperiod and vernalisation responses obtained in controlled environments. Aims This study quantified photoperiod and vernalisation responses of 69 Australian wheat genotypes selected for diversity at the PPD1 and VRN1 loci. Methods Spring and winter genotypes were grown in four controlled environments at a constant temperature of 22°C with photoperiod (17 or 8 h) and vernalisation (0 or 8 weeks) treatments as factors. Key results Thermal time from coleoptile emergence to flowering in spring genotypes was typically decreased more by long photoperiod than by vernalisation; the opposite was true for winter genotypes. Spring genotypes that were sensitive to vernalisation contained a sensitive allele at the Vrn-A1 locus. Conclusions There is large diversity in phenological responses of wheat genotypes to photoperiod and vernalisation, including among those with matching multi-locus genotype. Implications Data from this study will be used to parameterise and test a wheat phenology model in a future study.
Corrigendum to: John Dallachy (1804–71): from gardener to botanical collector
Authors: Dowe John Leslie , Maroske Sara
Published: March 2023

The citation ‘Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy’ is prominent in late nineteenth-century taxonomic publications associated with the flora of tropical Queensland. John Dallachy (1804–71) was employed as a botanical collector by the Melbourne Botanic Garden under the directorship of Baron Ferdinand von Mueller. Between 1864 and 1871, Dallachy resided in the Rockingham Bay area where he collected ~3500 botanical specimens of which ~400 were described as new taxa of flowering plants, ferns, fungi and bryophytes, making him Mueller's most prolific collector of type specimens, apart from Mueller himself. In this, the first of two articles about Dallachy, we outline the origin, and development of this successful botanical collaboration, identifying the experiences and qualities that prompted Dallachy to become a botanical collector, the friendship that formed between Mueller and Dallachy in the face of Dallachy's reversal of fortunes at the Melbourne Botanic Garden, and the circumstances that led to Dallachy and Mueller's shared project to investigate the botanical riches of the floristically diverse Wet Tropics Bioregion.
Self-powered, light-controlled, bioresorbable platforms for programmed drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Liu Fei , Zhang Yuhe , Wang Jin , D’Andrea Dominic , Walters Jordan B. , Li Shupeng , Yoon Hong-Joon , Wu Mingzheng , Li Shuo , Hu Ziying , Wang Tong , Choi Junhwan , Bailey Keith , Dempsey Elizabeth , Zhao Kaiyu , Lantsova Anastasia , Bouricha Yasmine , Huang Ivy , Guo Hexia , Ni Xinchen , Wu Yunyun , Lee Geumbee , Jiang Fuchang , Huang Yonggang , Franz Colin K. , Rogers John A.
Published: March 2023

Degradable polymer matrices and porous scaffolds provide powerful mechanisms for passive, sustained release of drugs relevant to the treatment of a broad range of diseases and conditions. Growing interest is in active control of pharmacokinetics tailored to the needs of the patient via programmable engineering platforms that include power sources, delivery mechanisms, communication hardware, and associated electronics, most typically in forms that require surgical extraction after a period of use. Here we report a light-controlled, self-powered technology that bypasses key disadvantages of these systems, in an overall design that is bioresorbable. Programmability relies on the use of an external light source to illuminate an implanted, wavelength-sensitive phototransistor to trigger a short circuit in an electrochemical cell structure that includes a metal gate valve as its anode. Consequent electrochemical corrosion eliminates the gate, thereby opening an underlying reservoir to release a dose of drugs by passive diffusion into surrounding tissue. A wavelength-division multiplexing strategy allows release to be programmed from any one or any arbitrary combination of a collection of reservoirs built into an integrated device. Studies of various bioresorbable electrode materials define the key considerations and guide optimized choices in designs. In vivo demonstrations of programmed release of lidocaine adjacent the sciatic nerves in rat models illustrate the functionality in the context of pain management, an essential aspect of patient care that could benefit from the results presented here.
MDST: multi-domain sparse-view CT reconstruction based on convolution and swin transformer
Authors: Li Yu , Sun XueQin , Wang SuKai , Li XuRu , Qin YingWei , Pan JinXiao , Chen Ping
Published: March 2023

Objective.Sparse-view computed tomography (SVCT), which can reduce the radiation doses administered to patients and hasten data acquisition, has become an area of particular interest to researchers. Most existing deep learning-based image reconstruction methods are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Due to the locality of convolution and continuous sampling operations, existing approaches cannot fully model global context feature dependencies, which makes the CNN-based approaches less efficient in modeling the computed tomography (CT) images with various structural information. Approach. To overcome the above challenges, this paper develops a novel multi-domain optimization network based on convolution and swin transformer (MDST). MDST uses swin transformer block as the main building block in both projection (residual) domain and image (residual) domain sub-networks, which models global and local features of the projections and reconstructed images. MDST consists of two modules for initial reconstruction and residual-assisted reconstruction, respectively. The sparse sinogram is first expanded in the initial reconstruction module with a projection domain sub-network. Then, the sparse-view artifacts are effectively suppressed by an image domain sub-network. Finally, the residual assisted reconstruction module to correct the inconsistency of the initial reconstruction, further preserving image details. Main results. Extensive experiments on CT lymph node datasets and real walnut datasets show that MDST can effectively alleviate the loss of fine details caused by information attenuation and improve the reconstruction quality of medical images. Significance. MDST network is robust and can effectively reconstruct images with different noise level projections. Different from the current prevalent CNN-based networks, MDST uses transformer as the main backbone, which proves the potential of transformer in SVCT reconstruction.
Coherent mode induced by supersonic molecular beam injection in EAST Ohmic plasmas
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Geng Kangning , Zeng Long , Xiao Weiwen , Ye Kaixuan , Zhang Tao , Cao Bin , Zhu Xiang , Tang Tian , Liu Haiqing , Ti Ang , Zhao Hailin , Gao Zhe , Tan Yi , Zhou Chu , Liu Ah Di , Wu Muquan , Hao Baolong , Li Hang , Li Guoqiang , Gao Xiang
Published: March 2023

A coherent mode (CM) induced by the supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) was observed in Ohmic plasmas of EAST tokamak. The CM existed in the spectra of the electron temperature fluctuation and density fluctuation, but not in the spectrum of Mirnov fluctuation. The radial location of the CM was about 10 cm inside the separatrix (normalized minor radius

ρ
∼
0.75

). In most cases, the CM has multiple discrete frequencies between

5
∼
20

kHz

with an interval of ∼1 kHz. Occasionally, there is only one dominant frequency. The poloidal scale of the CM (poloidal wavenumber

k
θ

∼
0.4

c

m

−
1

, poloidal mode number

m
∼
20

) is between that of typical ion turbulence and macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic activities. Statistical analysis results suggest that the onset of the CM requires a high temperature gradient and a relatively low density gradient. Furthermore, the transport analysis shows that the SMBI-caused perturbation propagates inward faster in plasmas with stronger CM, which implies that the CM might be correlated to a high local transport level. However, the impact of the CM on macroscopic plasma parameters including stored energy, energy confinement time, and SMBI-caused mean density fluctuation is too weak to be found in comparison with the random fluctuation and the measurement errors, which suggests that the CM does not have a clear influence on the global confinement.
Evidence of production of keV Sn+ ions in the H2 buffer gas surrounding an Sn-plasma EUV source
Authors: Rai S , Bijlsma K I , Poirier L , de Wit E , Assink L , Lassise A , Rabadán I , Méndez L , Sheil J , Versolato O O , Hoekstra R
Published: March 2023

Charge-state-resolved kinetic energy spectra of Sn ions ejected from a laser-produced plasma (LPP) of Sn have been measured at different densities of the H2 buffer gas surrounding a micro-droplet LPP. In the absence of H2, energetic keV Sn ions with charge states ranging from 4+ to 8+ are measured. For the H2 densities used in the experiments no appreciable stopping or energy loss of the ions is observed. However, electron capture by Sn ions from H2 results in a rapid shift toward lower charge states. At the highest H2 pressure of

6
×

10

−
4

mbar, only Sn2+ and Sn+ ions are measured. The occurrence of Sn+ ions is remarkable due to the endothermic nature of electron capture by Sn2+ ions from H2. To explain the production of keV Sn+ ions, it is proposed that their generation is due to electron capture by metastable Sn

2
+
∗

ions. The gateway role of metastable Sn

2
+
∗

is underpinned by model simulations using atomic collision cross sections to track the charge states of Sn ions while traversing the H2 buffer gas.
Phase estimation of local Hamiltonians on NISQ hardware
Authors: Clinton Laura , Bausch Johannes , Klassen Joel , Cubitt Toby
Published: March 2023

In this work we investigate a binned version of quantum phase estimation (QPE) set out by Somma (2019 New J. Phys.
21 123025) and known as the quantum eigenvalue estimation problem (QEEP). Specifically, we determine whether the circuit decomposition techniques we set out in previous work, Clinton et al (2021 Nat. Commun.
12 1–10), can improve the performance of QEEP in the noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) regime. To this end we adopt a physically motivated abstraction of NISQ device capabilities as in Clinton et al (2021 Nat. Commun.
12 1–10). Within this framework, we find that our techniques reduce the threshold at which it becomes possible to perform the minimum two-bin instance of this algorithm by an order of magnitude. This is for the specific example of a two dimensional spin Fermi-Hubbard model. For example, we estimate that the depolarizing single qubit error rate required to implement a minimum two bin example of QEEP—with a

5
×
5

Fermi-Hubbard model and up to a precision of

10
%

—can be reduced from 10−7 to 10−5. We explore possible modifications to this protocol and propose an application, which we dub randomized quantum eigenvalue estimation problem (rQEEP). rQEEP outputs estimates on the fraction of eigenvalues which lie within randomly chosen bins and upper bounds the total deviation of these estimates from the true values. One use case we envision for this algorithm is resolving density of states features of local Hamiltonians.
Entropy production in active Rouse polymers
Authors: Dutta Sandipan
Published: March 2023

Active polymers are the archetype of nonequilibrium viscoelastic systems that constantly consume energy to produce motion. The activity of many biopolymers is essential to many life processes. The entropy production rate quantifies their non-equilibrium nature through the breaking of the time reversal symmetry. In this work we build an analytical model of active polymers as active Rouse polymers where the beads are active OrnsteinUhlenbeck particles (AOUP) and calculate their entropy production. The interactions between the beads are decoupled through the normal mode analysis and the entropy production can be solved analytically. We obtain the contribution of each Rouse mode in the entropy production and the dependence of the entropy production on the polymer properties like length. We find that the entropy production is zero for a passive Rouse polymer in the presence of thermal bath as well as for an active Rouse polymer in the absence of thermal bath. For an active chain in the presence of a thermal bath the entropy production is non-zero. In this case we find that the local temporal entropy production dominates the non-local entropy production.
Mechanical arm(s) driven by Josephson junction circuit(s), mimicking the movement pattern of myriapods
Authors: Ngongiah Isidore Komofor , Balamurali Ramakrishnan , Kuiate Gaetan Fautso , Akgül Akif , Nana Bonaventure
Published: March 2023

The major interest of this article is to investigate a single and an array of mechanical arms driven by Josephson junction (JJ) circuits and their applications in mimicking the locomotion of myriapods. Stability analysis of a single mechanical arm driven by a JJ circuit resulted in two equilibrium points and a switch of their stability for specific values of the stimulation current. Results of the numerical simulations reproduce the motion of myriapods in agreement with existing results and the proposed electromechanical system overcomes the difficulties of coupling many JJ circuits or other models of neuron circuits in actuating a single mechanical arm for mimicking the locomotion of myriapods. Actuation of the mechanical arm driven by a JJ circuit is confirmed by numerical simulations which are sensitive to the action of the electromagnetic signal and the effect of mass. The progressive excitation of the mechanical arms of the array of the electromechanical system as demonstrated by the numerical simulations is similar to the straightforward motion of myriapods.
Velocity-dependent J-factors for Milky Way dwarf spheroidal analogues in cosmological simulations
Authors: Blanchette Keagan , Piccirillo Erin , Bozorgnia Nassim , Strigari Louis E. , Fattahi Azadeh , Frenk Carlos S. , Navarro Julio F. , Sawala Till
Published: March 2023

We study the impact of the dark matter velocity distribution modelling on signals from velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation in Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Using the high resolution APOSTLE simulations, we identify analogues corresponding to Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and from these directly determine the dark matter pair-wise relative velocity distribution, and compare to best-fitting Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution models. For three velocity-dependent annihilation models, p-wave, d-wave, and the Sommerfeld model, we quantify the errors introduced when using the Maxwell-Boltzmann parameterization. We extract a simple power-law relation between the maximum circular velocity of the dwarf spheroidal analogue and the peak speed of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. We show that this relation can be used to accurately calculate the dark matter relative velocity distribution, and find that it allows us to estimate the dark matter annihilation signal without the need to directly calculate the relative velocity distribution for each galaxy. The scatter in the J-factors calculated from the analogues dominates the uncertainty obtained when compared to the J-factor as determined from the observational data for each dwarf spheroidal, with the largest scatter from d-wave models and the smallest from Sommerfeld models.
Analytical Study of the Co-orbital Motion in the Circular Restricted Three-body Problem
Authors: Shen Xinhe , Liu Tao , Liao Xinhao
Published: March 2023

In the restricted three-body problem (RTBP), if a small body and a planet stably orbit around a central star with almost exactly the same semimajor axis, and thus almost the same mean motion, this phenomenon is called the co-orbital motion, or equivalently, the 1:1 mean motion resonance. The classical expansion of the disturbing function is divergent when the semimajor axis ratio of the small body to the planet is close to unity. Thus, most of the previous studies on the co-orbital dynamics were carried out through numerical integrations or semi-analytical approaches. In this work, we construct an analytical averaged model for the co-orbital motion in the framework of the circular RTBP. This model is valid in the entire coorbital region except in the vicinity of the collision singularity. The results of the analytical averaged model are in good agreement with the numerical averaged model even for moderate eccentricities and inclinations. The analytical model can reproduce the tadpole, horseshoe and quasi-satellite orbits common in the planar problem. Furthermore, the asymmetry of 1:1 resonance and the compound orbits (Icarus 137:293–314) in the general spatial problem can also be obtained from the analytical model.
Modelling ambient PM2.5 exposure at an ultra-high resolution and associated health burden in megacity Delhi: exposure reduction target for 2030
Authors: Tiwari Shashi , Kumar Alok , Mantri Supriya , Dey Sagnik
Published: March 2023

Deriving hyperlocal information about fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is critical for quantifying exposure disparities and managing air quality at neighborhood scales in cities. Delhi is one of the most polluted megacities in the world, where ground-based monitoring was limited before 2017. Here we estimate ambient PM2.5 exposure at 100 m × 100 m spatial resolution for the period 2002–2019 using the random forest model. The model-predicted daily and annual PM2.5 show a ten-fold cross-validation R
2 of 0.91 and 0.95 and root mean square error of 19.3 and 9.7 μg m−3, respectively, against coincident ground measurements from the Central Pollution Control Board ground network. Annual mean PM2.5 exposure varied in the range of 90–160 μg m−3 in Delhi, with shifts in local hotspots and a reduction in spatial heterogeneity over the years. Mortality burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 in Delhi increased by 49.7% from 9188 (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 6241–12 161) in 2002 to 13 752 (10 065–19 899) in 2019, out of which only 16% contribution was due to the rise in PM2.5 exposure. The mortality burden in 2002 and 2019 are found to be higher by 10% and 3.1%, respectively, for exposure assessment at 100 m scale relative to the estimates with 1 km scale. The proportion of diseases in excess mortality attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure remained similar over the years. Delhi can meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 target of reducing the non-communicable disease burden attributable to PM2.5 by one-third in 2030 relative to 2015 by reducing ambient PM2.5 exposure below the World Health Organization’s first interim target of 35 μg m−3. Our results demonstrate that machine learning can be a useful tool in exposure modelling and air quality management at a hyperlocal scale in cities.
Low specific absorption rate quad-port multiple-input-multiple-output limber antenna integrated with flexible frequency selective surface for WBAN applications
Authors: Govindan Thennarasi , Palaniswamy Sandeep Kumar , Kanagasabai Malathi , Kumar Sachin , Alsath Mohammed Gulam Nabi
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the design and analysis of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) textile antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The MIMO antenna is comprised of four identical modified rhombus-shaped monopole antenna elements of size of 0.57

λ
0

×

 

0.57

λ
0

×

 

0.015

λ
0

, where

λ
0

is the wavelength calculated at the lowest operating frequency. The antenna is backed by a 6

×
6

frequency selective surface (FSS) of dimensions of 0.84

λ
0

×

 

0.84

λ
0

×

 

0.015

λ
0

to improve gain and to reduce specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna has an impedance bandwidth (S
11 ⩽ −10 dB) of 8.8 GHz (2.8–11.6 GHz) and isolation of >19 dB between the resonating elements. In order to assess the MIMO antenna’s flexibility, the bending analysis is performed for various bending radii. The obtained diversity metrics are: envelope correlation coefficient <0.5 dB, diversity gain <10 dB, channel capacity loss <0.4 bits s−1 Hz−1, and total active reflection coefficient <−10 dB. The performance of the antenna with and without FSS is investigated for gain enhancement and SAR reduction. With the help of FSS, the antenna gain is increased to 8.44 dBi, and the SAR reduced from 6.99 Watt kg−1 to 0.0273 Watt kg−1. The FSS achieves the highest efficiency of 96%. The designed antenna is suitable for smart textile applications due to its low SAR, high gain, and wider impedance bandwidth.