bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Layered Saline Aquifers: Importance of Layer-Arrangements
Authors: Li Hongkai , Ye Yu , Lu Chunhui
Published: September 2021

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) refers to injecting freshwater into an aquifer and later withdrawing it. In brackish-to-saline aquifers, density-driven convection and fresh-saline water mixing lead to a reduced recovery efficiency (RE, i.e., the volumetric ratio between recovered potable water and injected freshwater) of ASR. For a layered aquifer, previous studies assume a constant hydraulic conductivity ratio between neighboring layers. In order to reflect the realistic formation of layered aquifers, we systematically investigate 120 layered heterogeneous scenarios with different layer arrangements on multiple-cycle ASR using numerical simulations. Results show that the convection (as is reflected by the tilt of the fresh-saline interface) and mixing phenomena of the ASR system vary significantly among scenarios with different layer arrangements. In particular, the lower permeable layer underlying the higher permeable layer restricts the free convection and leads to the spreading of salinity at the bottom of the higher permeable layer and early salt breakthrough to the well. Correspondingly, the RE values are different among the heterogeneous scenarios, with a maximum absolute RE difference of 22% for the first cycle and 9% for the tenth cycle. Even though the difference in RE decreases with more ASR cycles, it is still non-negligible and needs to be considered after ten ASR cycles. The method to homogenize the layered heterogeneity by simply taking the arithmetic and geometric means of the hydraulic conductivities among different layers as the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities is shown to overestimate the RE for multiple-cycle ASR. The outcomes of this research illustrate the importance of considering the geometric arrangement of layers in assessing the feasibility of multiple-cycle ASR operations in brackish-to-saline layered aquifers.
Back to Ecology: Reference Conditions as a Basis for Assessment, Restoration and Sustainable Management of Large Rivers
Authors: Urbanič Gorazd , Mihaljević Zlatko , Petkovska Vesna , Pavlin Urbanič Maja
Published: September 2021

Under the EU Water Framework Directive, ecological assessment and management are based on type-specific reference conditions. In the EU it may be difficult to find sites in large rivers with at least near-natural conditions, though this is not the case in southeast Europe, where stretches of large rivers still exist with at least near-natural conditions, meaning that there is little or no disturbance from hydromorphological alteration, water quality, land use in the catchment and alien species. We examined benthic invertebrate assemblages in 45 samples collected from near-natural sites of several large rivers: Sava, Drava, Mura, Kupa and Una. The near-natural benthic invertebrate assemblages of large rivers contained several rare or remarkable species, especially among stoneflies, e.g., Marthamea vitripennis, Xanthoperla apicalis. We compared benthic invertebrate communities in river sections with fine and coarse substrates and in three eco-hydromorphological (ECO-HM) types of large rivers, reflecting habitat heterogeneity: lowland-deep, lowland-braided and intermountain. Multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to statistically evaluate similarities among assemblages. It was found that the composition of benthic invertebrate assemblages varied by both ECO-HM types and substrate category. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis showed that the average dissimilarity of benthic invertebrate assemblages was high between all ECO-HM type pairs and between fine and coarse substrate. We found that habitat heterogeneity and substrate independently influenced benthic invertebrate assemblages. To achieve ecological goals in the management of large rivers, in addition to functionality, a holistic view with at least near-natural assemblages, including the names of the taxa present, should also be considered.
MIS 5.5 Highstand and Future Sea Level Flooding at 2100 and 2300 in Tectonically Stable Areas of Central Mediterranean Sea: Sardinia and the Pontina Plain (Southern Latium), Italy
Authors: Deiana Giacomo , Antonioli Fabrizio , Moretti Lorenzo , Orrù Paolo Emanuele , Randazzo Giovanni , Lo Presti Valeria
Published: September 2021

Areas of the Mediterranean Sea are dynamic habitats in which human activities have been conducted for centuries and which feature micro-tidal environments with about 0.40 m of range. For this reason, human settlements are still concentrated along a narrow coastline strip, where any change in the sea level and coastal dynamics may impact anthropic activities. We analyzed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and Copernicus Earth observation data. The aim of this research is to provide estimates and detailed maps (in three coastal plain of Sardinia (Italy) and in the Pontina Plain (southern Latium, Italy) of: (i) the past marine transgression occurred during MIS 5.5 highstand 119 kyrss BP; (ii) the coastline regression occurred during the last glacial maximum MIS 2 (21.5 krs cal BP); and (iii) the potential marine submersion for 2100 and 2300. The objective of this multidisciplinary study is to provide maps of sea level rise future scenarios using the IPCC RCP 8.5 2019 projections and glacio-hydro-isostatic movements for the above selected coastal zones (considered tectonically stable), which are the locations of touristic resorts, railways and heritage sites. We estimated a potential loss of land for the above areas of between about 146 km2 (IPCC 2019-RCP8.5 scenario) and 637 km2 along a coastline length of about 268 km.
Hydrological Performance of Green Roofs in Mediterranean Climates: A Review and Evaluation of Patterns
Authors: Silva Joana , Paço Teresa A. , Sousa Vítor , Silva Cristina M.
Published: September 2021

The capacity of green roofs to intercept rainfall, and consequently store and slow runoff resulting in a reduction in flood risk, is one of their main advantages. In this review, previous research related to the influence of green roofs on the hydrological cycle is examined with a special focus on studies for Mediterranean climate conditions (Csa and Csb according to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification). This climate is characterized by short and intense rainfall occurrences which, along with the increased area of impervious surface on Mediterranean regions, intensify the risk of flooding, particularly in the cities. The analysis covers the variables rainfall retention (R, %), runoff delay (RD, min or h), peak delay (PD, min or h), peak attenuation (PA, %), and runoff coefficient (RC, −), in relation to physical features of the green roof such as layers, substrate depth, slope, and vegetation, as well as, weather conditions, such as monthly temperature and monthly precipitation. Following a statistical analysis, some patterns for the average rainfall retention (%) were found in the published literature for green roofs under Mediterranean climate conditions—namely, that the most significant variables are related to the substrate depth, the existence of certain layers (root barrier, drainage layer), the origin of the vegetation, the types of green roofs (extensive, semi-intensive, intensive), and the precipitation and temperature of the location. Moreover, a multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to identify the set of green roof features and weather conditions that best explain the rainfall retention (%), taking into consideration not only the studies under Mediterranean conditions but all climates, and a similar pattern emerged. Recommendations for future research include addressing the effect of physical features and weather conditions on the other variables (RD, PD, PA, RC) since, although present in some studies, they still do not provide enough information to reach clear conclusions.
The Effects of Soil Drying Out and Rewetting on Nitrogen and Carbon Leaching—Results of a Long-Term Lysimeter Experiment
Authors: Rupp Holger , Tauchnitz Nadine , Meissner Ralph
Published: September 2021

As a result of global climate change, heavy rainfall events and dry periods are increasingly occurring in Germany, with consequences for the water and solute balance of soils to be expected. The effects of climate change on nitrogen and carbon leaching were investigated using 21 non-weighable manually filled lysimeters of the UFZ lysimeter facility Falkenberg, which have been managed since 1991 according to the principles of the best management practices and organic farming. Based on a 29-year dataset (precipitation, evaporation, leachate, nitrate and dissolved organic carbon concentrations), the lysimeter years 1995/96, 2018/19, and 2003/04 were identified as extremely dry years. Under the climatic conditions in northeastern Germany, seepage fluxes were disrupted in these dry years. The reoccurrence of seepage was associated with exceptionally high nitrogen concentrations and leaching losses, which exceeded the current drinking water limits by many times and may result in a significant risk to water quality. In contrast, increased DOC leaching losses occurred primarily as a result of increased seepage fluxes.
Designing a Flood Storage Option on Agricultural Land: What Can Flood Risk Managers Learn from Drought Management?
Authors: Bark Rosalind H.
Published: September 2021

The increasing probability of loss and damage to floods is a global concern. Countries are united by an urgent need to reduce flood risk to households, businesses, agricultural land, and infrastructure. As natural and engineered protection erodes with climate change and development pressures, new approaches to flood risk management delivered at the catchment scale that work with nature hold promise. One nature-based solution that aligns with this Special Issue on river flooding is the temporary storage of floodwaters on the floodplain. In many countries, this would involve controlled flooding inland low-lying agricultural land. Designing schemes that farmers and irrigation districts will adopt is essential. To inform future floodplain storage options, we review farm-centred drought management, specifically, agreements that transfer agricultural water to municipalities through fallowing in California, USA and an Australian farm exit scheme. These initiatives reveal underpinning principles around the need to: balance the multiple objectives of the parties, share the benefits and responsibilities, address local impacts and practical guidance on incentive design including the consideration of conditional participation requirements and responding to farmer and public preferences. In terms of funding there is opportunity for blended financing with flood-prone communities, insurers, and conservation charities.
Optimisation of the Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash in Ceramic Materials Using the Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wisdom Asotah , Mark Udochukwu , Zeberu Elakhame , Adeleke Abraham
Published: September 2021

Optimisation of the physical properties of rice husk ash (RHA) in ceramic materials was carried out using Response Surface Methodology. The independent variables, namely the firing temperature and residue content, were statistically combined in a Central Composite Design with the effects on water absorption, linear shrinkage, bulk density, apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity determined. Physical and microstructural analyses were carried out to obtain information on the processes that occurred within the ceramic materials. The results obtained were analysed to determine the optimum physical properties of the ceramic materials within the range investigated. The residue content had a significant influence (at 95% confidence level) on the bulk density, water absorption, apparent porosity and apparent specific gravity but not on the linear shrinkage. The firing temperature had a more significant effect on the linear shrinkage than on the residue content, so that when elevated it contributed to an increase in linear shrinkage. The optimum residue content and firing temperature to enhance physical properties within the range investigated were 5.85% RHA and 1029.64°celsius, respectively. These optimal conditions are expected to produce a ceramic material with a bulk density, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption and apparent specific gravity of 1.64 g/cm3, 0.29%, 0.29 g/cm3, 18.26% and 2.11, respectively with a composite desirability of 100%.
CRITERIOS Y CONSIDERACIONES EN ESTUDIOS DE VIABILIDAD DE EMBALSES
Authors: Lozano Gabriel , García Pedro , Monsalve Elkin
Published: September 2021

El agua es un bien escaso e imprescindible para las diferentes actividades del hombre. Los usos del agua generan demandas del recurso hídrico dentro de una cuenca hidrográfica. Así mismo, cada cuenca hidrográfica presenta una oferta hídrica que en ocasiones resulta ser inferior a las demandas de agua y es en esta situación cuando se recurenaobrashidráulicascomoembalses,reservorios,azudes,entreotrosparaatenderalademandaapesarde una limitada oferta hídrica. Los embalses constituyen un elemento esencial para la regulación de los recursos hidráulicos y contribuyen de manera muy significativa al progreso de la humanidad. El presente artículo trata sobre algunos elementos técnicos, económicos, sociales y ambientales que son importantes resaltar en la proyección de un embalse. El propósito es orientar y dar elementos de juicio a la opinión pública en general y recordar dichos elementos especialmente a los tomadores de decisión, en lo que se refiere a la proyección y estudiosdeviabilidadparalaconstruccióndeunembalseendeterminadaregión.Comoestudiodecasoseanaliza la posibilidad de un embalse en el Departamento del Quindío, localizada en la región cafetera de Colombia, situaciónquehageneradodiferentesexpectativaseincertidumbresengranpartedelapoblacióndelaregión.
Contaminación de suelos por el uso de aguas residuales
Authors: Aguilar Sánchez Juan de Dios , Cubas Irigoín Napoleón
Published: September 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo general demostrar el indicie de contaminación  de  los  suelos   por  el uso de las aguas residuales, la investigación fue de tipo experimental que consistió en recoger 5 muestras de terrenos de cultivo con el propósito de verificar el potencial de Hidrógeno (pH), Conductividad Eléctrica (C. E.), Fosforo (P), Potasio (K), Carbono (C), Materia Orgánica, Nitrógeno (N), el análisis mecánico, la Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico (CIC), cantidad de Calcio (Ca+2), magnesio (Mg+2), Potasio (K+), concentración de Sodio (Na+) e Hidruro de Calcio (Ca+2+H+), los resultados relevantes destacan que la mayoría de muestras presentan concentraciones superpones de componentes químicos, a los propuestos por La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO, 2018). En base a los datos se concluye que el exceso de pH encontrado en los suelos lo hace alcalino, el exceso de fósforo, potasio, carbono, materia orgánica y la regularidad del nitrógeno hace que los suelos no desempeñen sus funciones normales en el cultivo de la plantas y que los valores miliequivalentes por 100/g superan los límites permitidos la normatividad vigente.
Efecto comparativo de tres sustratos en la propagación y crecimiento de dos especies de caña del género Guadua
Authors: Alvarado Aguayo Allan , Munzón Quintana Mónica , Pilaloa David Wilmer
Published: September 2021

Las cañas (familia Poaceae) incluyen las gramíneas más grandes del mundo y no suelen estar concebidas dentro de sistemas tecnificados de producción. Aun así constituyen un recurso ampliamente utilizado para sectores de la construcción de viviendas, corrales de animales, artesanías, y usos similares. Dentro de las cañas más utilizadas destaca el género Guadua, con dos especies predominantes: G. angustifolia y G. amplexifolia, que son propias de las selvas de Sudamérica y Centro América. Este trabajo analiza el comportamiento de estas dos especies en condiciones de vivero, propagadas mediante brotes basales en tres sustratos diferentes, en la zona El Vainillo, Guayas, Ecuador. Los sustratos utilizados fueron los siguientes: tierra + arena de río (T1), vermicompost + arena de río (T2) y cascarilla de café + arena de río (T3), todos con proporción 1:1. Mejores resultados de propagación se obtuvieron en G. amplexifolia (78%) que en G. angustifolia (70%) con vermicompost. En ambas especies de Guadua, hubo distintos patrones en la dinámica de aparición de brotes basales, desde la siembra hasta la octava semana. En los sustratos con arena y vermicompost no se presentaron diferencias significativas en la longitud de los brotes en G. amplexifolia, pero sí con respecto al uso de cascarilla de café. Por su parte, G. angustifolia en vermicompost presentó un mayor crecimiento, aunque la diferencia significativa se notó hasta la octava semana. En todos los sustratos utilizados, G. amplexifolia tuvo mayor cantidad de materia seca que G. angustifolia.
Agudización de la pobreza del campesinado peruano y el subsidio al bienestar de la ciudad
Authors: Velásquez Benites Orlando
Published: September 2021

El artículo muestra que el bajo precio de los productos agrícolas garantiza el bienestar de las ciudades a expensas de los productores rurales porque se venden a un costo por debajo de su producción, agravando la pobreza del campesino peruano. Se inicia con la descripción, posicionamiento y análisis de la población campesina durante la construcción de la república, incidiendo en el maltrato y abandono de los campesinos en el país, buscando y conquistando mejores condiciones de vida, y afectando su lucha por la supervivencia y su vida. La metodología es Histórico Comparativo para la revisión bibliográfica del origen, ubicación y desarrollo de los agricultores, también es Etnográfico porque se utilizó datos del Ministerio de Agricultura. El resultado muestra la postergación y marginación del campesinado. Concluyendo que la pobreza del campesino peruano se agudiza por la asfixia del mercado porque sus productos están muy por debajo del costo de producción
Relação do controle de tronco com a funcionalidade em pacientes hemiparéticos após AVC
Authors: Cabral  do Prado Paôla , Poletto Simone Rosa
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Avaliar o controle de tronco e funcionalidade em pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVC através da aplicação das escalas Escala de Deficiência de Tronco (EDT), Escala de Controle de Tronco (ECT), Escala de Avaliação da Simetria e Transferência de Peso (ASTP), Escala de Rankin Modificada (ERm) e Índice de Barthel (IB). Método. Pesquisa quantitativa do tipo transversal, com amostra de 9 indivíduos, atendidos pela fisioterapia na enfermaria do Hospital Municipal de Canoas/RS, de agosto à outubro de 2020. Os dados foram descritos por média e desvio padrão ou mediana e amplitude de variação. Para comparar medianas, o teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado e para correlação dos dados o teste da correlação de Spearman. Resultado. Quanto ao controle de tronco, as medianas encontradas: EDT 10 (0-23), TCT 87 (24-100) e ASTP 18 (9-27). Quanto à funcionalidade, a mediana da ERm foi 4 (0-6) e a média do IB 65±27,7 (0-100). Houve associação inversa entre as escalas de controle de tronco e a ERm (EDT p=0,019, TCT p<0,001 e ASTP p<0,001) e uma associação positiva com o IB (EDT p=0,010, TCT p<0,001 e ASTP p<0,001). Conclusão. A relação do controle de tronco com a funcionalidade demonstrou ter uma forte correlação, onde quanto melhor o controle de tronco, maior a funcionalidade.
Elaboração de Manual de Orientações sobre Hipertermia Maligna para Pacientes
Authors: Rodrigues Gislene , Silva Helga Cristina Almeida da
Published: September 2021

Introdução. Hipertermia Maligna (HM) é doença farmacogenética, desencadeada pela exposição de indivíduos susceptíveis a anestésicos voláteis e succinilcolina. Excepcionalmente, crises são desencadeadas por exercício e calor ambiental.  Esse estado hipermetabólico manifesta-se por hipercapnia, taquicardia, rigidez muscular, acidose lática e hipertermia; sem tratamento específico, mortalidade alcança 70-80%. Fora da crise, geralmente o paciente é assintomático, mas raramente apresenta intolerância ao esforço, cãibras musculares ou sinais de miopatia. Artigos/livros e sites informam profissionais de saúde e leigos sobre diagnóstico de HM com teste de contratura muscular in vitro e genética, além do tratamento da crise de HM com dantrolene, mas não estão disponíveis informações para período intercrítico. Objetivo. Elaboração de manual de orientações para os susceptíveis à HM, quanto aos cuidados na vida diária. Método. O manual de orientações fundamentou-se em revisão bibliográfica sobre repercussões da susceptibilidade à HM, realizada segundo diretrizes do QUORUM e do Grupo de Trabalho de Medicina Baseada em Evidências. Resultados. A revisão localizou 129 artigos que foram analisados e permitiram a elaboração de 14 perguntas relacionadas a cuidados com exercício, diagnóstico pré-natal, manejo de doenças associadas pré-existentes (diabetes mellitus, asma brônquica), intoxicações exógenas, drogas ilícitas, tratamento odontológico, e medicações (serotoninérgico, quinolona, anti-dislipidêmico, contraste iodado, inibidor de fosfodiesterase III, bloqueador de canal de cálcio, betabloqueador, neuroléptico, heparina). As informações foram vertidas para linguagem leiga e usadas no manual de orientação disponibilizado online (www.cedhima.unifeps.br). Conclusão. Apesar da HM ser conhecida pela crise anestésica, há implicações na vida diária que devem ser divulgadas para pacientes e profissionais de saúde.
Unitermos: Hipertermia Maligna. Educação em Saúde. Prevenção
The Kiln Sites of the “Torp Chey” Area (Cambodia): Production and Distribution
Authors: Thirion-Merle Valérie , Desbat Armand , Thierrin-Michael Gisela , Hong Ranet
Published: September 2021

This article presents the typological and archaeometrical results obtained on the brown glazed stoneware of the Torp Chey kiln sites area. The ceramics were studied as part of the Cerangkor project, and several kiln sites were surveyed and analysed, including : Torp Chey, Veal Svay, Chong Samrong and Teuk Lek. More than sixty samples of brown glazed stoneware from the different kiln sites have been analysed chemically by XRF-WDS, twentyfive among them also petrographically. The data obtained indicate that the different kiln sites use similar raw materials suggesting the exploitation of the same geological formations for the whole area. Only one reference group has been therefore established, distinct from the productions of other Angkorian kiln sites and also from the productions of similar brown glazed stoneware from the Buriram sites (Thailand). Furthermore, the analysis of brown glazed stoneware obtained from consumption sites makes it possible to propose the first map showing the distribution of ceramics from production sites.
THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE MODERN WORLD
Authors: Усамов И.Р. , Албакова А.А. , Мустиев А.А.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению роли интеллектуальных информационных систем в современном мире. Проведен анализ и рассмотрена сущность интеллектуальных систем, отрасли использования интеллектуальных систем, выделены проблемы внедрения интеллектуальных информационных систем и предложены механизмы решения проблем внедрения интеллектуальных информационных систем. Рассмотрены основные отрасли, где используются интеллектуальные информационные системы для повышения скорости производства и улучшения качества оказываемых услуг. Рассмотрены основные три проблемы искусственного интеллекта, которые не решены на данный момент, и которые в будущем могут вызвать мировой хаос. Предложены механизмы решения данных трех проблем.

The article is devoted to the role of intelligent information systems in the modern world. The article analyzes and considers the essence of intelligent systems, the branches of using intelligent systems, identifies the problems of implementing intelligent information systems, and suggests mechanisms for solving the problems of implementing intelligent information systems. The main industries where intelligent information systems are used to increase the speed of production and improve the quality of services provided are considered. The main three problems of artificial intelligence, which are not solved at the moment, and which in the future can cause global chaos, are considered. Mechanisms for solving the set here problems areproposed.
TO CALCULATION OF THE OPTIMAL DEGREE OF DAMAGE TO A BUILDING BY SEISMIC IMPACT
Authors: Абакаров А.Д. , Курбанов И.Б. , Гасанов Р.Г.
Published: September 2021

Дана постановка задачи по расчету оптимальной степени поврждения здания при сейсмическом воздействии. Условие оптимизационного расчета записано в виде вероятностно-экономической целевой функции, где начальные затраты на антисейсмическое усиление здания уравновешиваются с вероятностыми потерями, связанными с наступлением той или иной степени повреждения здания. Вероятность безотказности здания, соответствующая данному уравновешенному состоянию, названа оптимальной надежностью, а степень повреждения - оптимальной степенью повреждения. Всего в соответствии со шкалой MSK-64 рассмотрены 5 степеней повреждения. Последовательности переходов из одних состояний повреждения в другие представлены в виде простейшего Марковского потока с непрерывным временем и дискретными состояниями. Составлены дифференциальные уравнения процесса переходов и представлены их общие решения. В случае если последствия наступленияопределенной степени повреждения здания носят как экономический, так и неэкономическией характер, предложено, исходя из зависимости расчета экономических потерь и затрат от повышения надежности до высоких уровней и показателя нормативного уровня надежности здания, определенного по предлагаемому в литературе выражению, принять решения о допустимой степени повреждения здания.

The problem statement is given for calculating the optimal degree of damage to a building under seismic impact. The condition of the optimization calculation is written in the form of a probabilistic-economic objective function, where the initial costs for antiseismic strengthening of the building are balanced with the probabilistic losses associated with the onset of one or another degree of damage to the building. The probability of a building's reliability, corresponding to a given balanced state, is called the optimal reliability, and the degree of damage is called the optimal degree of damage. In total, in accordance with the MSK-64 scale, 5 degrees of damage are considered. Sequences of transitions from one damage state to another are presented in the form of the simplest Markov flow with continuous time and discrete states. Differential equations of the transition process are compiled and their general solutions are presented. If the consequences of the onset of a certain degree of damage to the building are both economic and non-economic in nature, it is proposed, based on the dependence of the calculation of economic losses and costs from increasing reliability to high levels and the indicator of the standard level of building reliability, determined according to the expression proposed in the literature, to make decisions on permissible degree of damage to the building.
COMBINED TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING WASTE DUMPS OF THE BAIZHANSAI MINE
Authors: Конурбаев А.Е. , Ибрагимова Г.Н. , Курбаниязов С.К. , Жаужанова Г.А.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена теме переработки отвалов рудника Байжансай в Туркестанской области, который, в настоящее время, является местом отходов полиметаллической руды в количестве примерно 6,5 тонн. В материале рассматривается потенциальная возможность применения данных отходов для извлечения полезных компонентов, таких как из цветных металлов - свинец и цинк, из благородных серебро и из редкоземельных - германий, индий, селен, теллур и таллий. При использовании данной переработки можно не только снизить негативное влияние отходов на окружающую среду, но и добыть полиметаллические руды, которые можно использовать в производстве стекол, оптики, в производстве высокоответственных подшипников для двигателей, для защиты антикоррозионных металлопокрытий и во многих других сферах, указанных в данной статье. Авторами было изучено технологическое решение по переработке отходов Байжансая. На основании полученных данных, была разработана технологическая модель, сочетающего в одном аппарате процессы электрохимической активации воды, флокуляции, газонасыщения и разделения микропримесей редких и рассеянных элементов (РРЭ), цветных металлов из технологических растворов и жидких техногенных отходов. Данный модуль является аналогом "классического" аппарата, но преимуществом предложенного модуля является меньшая энерго затратность, более эффективная работа по временным аспектам и по габаритам.

The article is devoted to the topic of processing the dumps of the Baizhansai mine in the Turkestan region, whichis a place of waste of polymetallic ores in the amount of about 6.5 tons. The article discusses the potential use of these wastes for the extraction of useful components, such as non-ferrous metals - lead and zinc, precious silver, and rare-earth metals - germanium, indium, selenium, tellurium and thallium. With the use of this processing, it is possible not only to reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment, but also to extract polymetallic ores that can be used in the production of glass, optics, in the production of highly critical bearings for engines, to protect anti-corrosion metal coatings and in many other areas specified in this article. The authors studied the technological solution for the processing of waste from Baizhansai. Based on the data obtained, the authors of the article have developed a technological module that combines in one apparatus the processes of electrochemical activation of water, flocculation, gas saturation and separation of trace impurities of rare and trace elements (RRE), non-ferrous metals from technological solutions and liquid man-made waste. This module is analogous to the "classical" apparatus, but the advantage of the proposed module is lower energy consumption, more efficient work in terms of time and dimensions.
KEY DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATION IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Магомаева Л.Р. , Эбаев Д.А.
Published: September 2021

Нацеленность современной экономической системы на инновации предопределяет необходимость создания специализированной финансовой инфраструктуры «нового уровня и качества», позволяющей обеспечивать поставленные задачи инновационного развития. Эти обстоятельства в полной мере относятся к банковскому сектору, сбалансированное, устойчивое и нацеленное на положительное эволюционирование функционирование которого находится в зависимости от банковской инфраструктуры, ее количественной и, главное, качественной представленности. В связи с этим, в исследовании приводятся ряд трактовок банковской инфраструктуры, а также определены детерминанты формирования кросс-канальной банковской инфраструктуры, определяющие основные принципы стратегии развития информационных ресурсов при выведении на рынок современных банковских продуктов

The focus of the modern economic system on innovation predetermines the need to create a specialized financial infrastructure "of a new level and quality", which allows to ensure theset objectives of innovative development. These circumstances fully relate to the banking sector, balanced, stable and aimed at positive evolution, the functioning of which depends on the banking infrastructure, its quantitative and, most importantly, qualitative representation. In this regard, the study provides a number of interpretations of the banking infrastructure, as well as identifies the determinants of the formation of a cross-channel banking infrastructure, which determine the basic principles of the strategy for the development of information resources when introducing modern banking products to the market.
FLOWS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: ANALYTICAL MODELING BY SPLINES
Authors: Ильясов Р.Х.
Published: September 2021

Эффективность анализа факторов и тенденций развития процессов в экономических системах зависит от качества аналитического моделирования, часто связанного с упрощением или искажением реальности. Искажения в моделях исследуемой динамики являются результатом сглаживания реальных колебаний развития процессов. Экономические системы представляются состоящими и статической и динамической частей - запасов и потока. Если запасы определяют состояния, то потоки - изменения в состояниях экономической системы. Моделирование потоков в цифровой экономике требует точных методов иханалитического описания, что должно сохранить в модели информацию даже о малых изменениях. Точность моделей должна повысить эффективность управления потоками в цифровой экономике в режиме реального времени. Сами потоки в цифровой экономике представляются непрерывными, что объясняется возможностью доступа к услугам и товарам в режиме стриминга. Ключевым условием эффективного управления потоками становится моделиро- вание их динамики функциями с нулевыми ошибками аппроксимации. Как показано в работе, точность аппроксимации, адаптивность и возможность учёта малых колебаний достигаются моделированием потоков сплайнами.

The effectiveness of the analysis of factors and trends in the development of processes in economic systems depends on the quality of analytical modeling, often associated with the simplifi- cation or distortion of reality. Distortions in the models of the studied dynamics are the result of smoothing out real fluctuations in the development of processes. Economic systems are represented as consisting of both static and dynamic parts-stocks and flow. If stocks determine states, then flows are changes in the states of the economic system. Modeling flows in the digital economy requires precise methods of their analytical description, which should preserve information in the model, even about small changes. The accuracy of the models should improve the efficiency of flow management in the digital economy in real time. The flows themselves in the digital economy seem to be continuous, which is explained by the possibility of access to services and goods in the streaming mode. The key condition for effective flow control is the modeling of their dynamics by functions with zero approxi- mation errors. As shown in the paper, the accuracy of the approximation, adaptability and the possi- bility of taking into account small fluctuations are achieved by modeling flows with splines.
OPEN ONLINE COURSES: A PROMISING DIRECTION OF THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Гайсумов Х-М.И. , Алисултанова Э.Д.
Published: September 2021

Открытые онлайн-курсы сегодня самая обсуждаемая тема в рамках образования в сегменте Интернет пространства. Сегодня развитие образования важная задача всех ведущих учебных образовательных учреждений мира, проводятся обширные исследования по способствованию развития данного направления. Много практических эмпирических исследований проводятся, как очном формате, так и заочном формате. Открытые онлайн-курсы пришли на обновление открытых образовательных ресурсов, которые начали появляться в сети Интернет с начала 2000-х годов, и вначале были уделом ведущих вузов разных стран мира.

Open online courses today are the most discussed topic in the framework of education in the segment of the Internet space. Today, the development of education is an important task of all the leading educational institutions of the world, extensive research is being conducted to promote the development of this direction. Many practical empirical studies are conducted, both in person and in absentia. Open online courses came to update the open educational resources that began to appear on the Internet since the early 2000s, and in the beginning was the lot of leading universities around the world.
OPTIMIZATION OF SULFUR-BASED BINDER COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors: Худякова Т.М. , Вернер В.Ф. , Сарсенбаев Б.К. , Нестренко Н.Г. , Каршыга Г.О. , Курбаниязов С.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрена возможность получения композиционного вяжущего на основе серы. Определены оптимальные составы и изучены физико-механические свойства образцов. А также приведены исследования по определению защитных свойств композиционных материалов от гамма и рентгеновского излучения. Приведенные результаты исследования могут служить предпосылкой для организации производства серного вяжущего и применение его в технологии получения серобетона.

The article considers the possibility of producing a composite binder based on sulfur. The optimal compositions were determined and the physical and mechanical properties of the samples were studied. The research on the determination of the protective properties of composite materials against gamma and X-ray radiation is also presented. The results of the study can serve as a prerequisite for the organization of the production of sulfur binder and its application in the technology of producing sulfur concrete.
GEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN THE EAST ARAL SEDIMENTARY BASIN
Authors: Курбаниязов С.К.
Published: September 2021

Объектом исследований являлись верхнепалеозойские, мезозойские и кайнозойские отложения, слагающие разрез в Восточно-Аральском осадочном бассейне, в связи с перспективами выявления месторождений нефти и газа. Обобщены и систематизированы сведения по стратиграфии, литологии, тектонике и нефтегазоносности района исследований. Изучен вещественный состав, палеогеографические, палеотектонические и геодинамические условия накопления осадков данных стратиграфических уровней, установлена их фациальная принадлежность. Составлены литолог-стратиграфические колонки скважин и проведена корреляция стратиграфических подразделений разрезов. Уточнена история геологического развития региона. Выявлены потенциальные коллектора и покрышки. Определены стратиграфические горизонты, благоприятные для формирования залежей углеводородного сырья. Обоснованы наиболее перспективные типы ловушек углеводородного сырья по стратиграфическим уровням и выявлена зональность их распространения. Дана оценка перспектив района на выявление залежей нефти и газа. Выделены информативные и качественные признаки (критерии) нефтегазоносности. Обоснованы площади и конкретные структуры для постановки детальных поисковых работ на выявление залежей нефти и газа. Рассчитана оценкапотенциальных ресурсов углеводородного сырья. Даны рекомендации на проведение первоочередных сейсморазведочных и буровых работ.

The object of research was the Upper Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments composing the section in the East Aral sedimentary basin, in connection with the prospects for identifying oil and gas deposits. The data on stratigraphy, lithology, tectonics, and oil and gas potential of the research area are summarized and systematized. The material composition, paleogeographic, paleotectonic, and geodynamic conditions of sediment accumulation at these stratigraphic levels were studied, and their facies affiliation was established. The lithological and stratigraphic columns of the wells were compiled and the stratigraphic divisions of the sections were correlated. Updated the history of the geological development of the region. Potential collectors and tires have been identified. The stratigraphic horizons favorable for the formation of hydrocarbon deposits are determined. The most promising types of hydrocarbon traps are justified by stratigraphic levels and the zoning of their distribution is revealed. The assessment of the prospects of the area for the identification of oil and gas deposits is given. Informative and qualitative signs (criteria) of oil and gas potential are identified. The areas and specific structures for setting up detailed search operations to identify oil and gas deposits are justified. The estimation of potential resources of hydrocarbon raw materials is calculated. Recommendations for conducting priority seismic exploration and drilling operations are given.
THE PROBLEM WITH TAILING DUMPS OF TYRNYAUZ TUNGSTEN-MOLYBDENUM MINING AND PROCESSING COMPLEX AND THEIR POTENTIAL EFFECT ON BIO- AND GEOCHEMICAL CONDITION OF WATER AND SOILS IN ELBRUS REGION
Authors: Кокоев М. Н.
Published: September 2021

Рассмотрен вопрос об утилизации отходов обогащения руд вольфрама и молибдена Тырныаузского вольфрамомолибденого комбината, которые складируются в двух "хвостохранилищах" объемом 120 млн. м3. По оценке автора, в отходах обогащения аккумулировано 7,2 млрд. кВт·ч электроэнергии, затраченной в прежние годы на измельчение руды. Если эти отходы использовать для производства строительных материалов можно сэкономить огромное количество электроэнергии. Ожидание подходящих экономических условий для переработки отходов связано с уносом высокодисперсных частиц ветром и водой из "хвостохранилищ". Это приводит к негативным изменениям в сложившиеся тысячи лет назад био- геохимическое состояние воды и почвы в долине реки Баксан.

The issue of recycling tungsten and molybdenum ores from TTMM, which are stored in two waste dumps with a volume of 120 million m3, is discussed. According to the author, 7,2 billion kWh of electric power spent in previous years on ore grinding was accumulated in the processing waste. If that waste is used for the production of building materials, huge amounts of energy can be saved. Waiting for suitable economic conditions for waste recycling results in the dissemination of fine particles by wind and water from the dumps. This leads to negative changes in the biogeochemical state of water and soil in the Baksan river valley, which developed thousands of years ago.
APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING FOR REDUCING WATER CUT AND INTENSIFICATION OF OIL FLOW IN WELLS
Authors: Родионов М.В. , Гадельшин И.Р.
Published: September 2021

В настоящее время трудноизвлекаемые запасы углеводородов занимают основное место в нефтедобывающей промышленности. Интенсификация притока и перевод скважин в разряд рентабельных является одной из первых задач при разработке и эксплуатации месторождений [1,9]. Гидроразрыв пласта (ГРП) зарекомендовал себя как эффективный метод воздействия на призабойную зону пласта (ПЗП), состоящий в том, что порода разрывается по плоскостям минимальной прочности под действием избыточного давления, создаваемого закачкой в скважину жидкости разрыва с расходом, который скважина не успевает поглощать [2,3]. Трещины, полученные в ходе ГРП, являются новыми каналами продвижения нефти и увеличивают общую проницаемость пласта [4,5]. Целью работы является анализ эффективности применения гидроразрыва пласта на скважинах сложнопостроенного высокообводненного месторождения им. Шпильмана В.И. Оптимизирован график закачки, обеспечен оптимальный и наиболее эффективный подбор жидкости разрыва для проведения операций ГРП на месторождении им. Шпильмана В.И. с залежами викуловской свиты, приуроченными к основным пластам - ВК1, ВК2. После проведения операций ГРП снижен общий дебит жидкости, при сохранении дебита по нефти.

Currently, hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves play the main role in the oil industry. Stimulation of inflow and transfer of wells to the category of profitable wells is one of the first tasks during the development and exploitation of fields [1,9]. Hydraulic fracturing (HF) has established itself as an effective method of influencing the bottomhole formation zone (BFZ), it consists in rock fracturing along the planes of minimum strength under the influence of excess pressure created by the injection of fracturing fluid into the well at such a rate that the well does not have time to absorb it [2,3]. Fractures formed during hydraulic fracturing become new channels for oil movement and increase the overall permeability of the formation [4,5]. The aim of this work is to analyze the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing in the wells of the highly watered complex field named after Vladimir I. Shpilman. The injection schedule was optimized, the optimal and most effective selection of the fracturing fluid for hydraulic fracturing operations at the field named after Vladimir I. Shpilman with deposits of Vikulovskaya suite, confined to the main layers - VK1, VK2, was ensured. After the fracturing operations, the total fluid flow rate was reduced, while the oil flow rate remained the same.
THERMO-FIELD PULA-FRENKEL EFFECT IN TlFeS2 CRYSTALS
Authors: Matiyev A.Ch. , Uspazhiev R.T.
Published: September 2021

Based on the study of the dependence (, it was shown that the current in the nonlinear region (taking into account the thermal-field effect of Poole-Frenkel) is due to a weak field effect, both when measured in parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic axis crystal TlFeS2. The calculated values of the concentration of ionized centers Nt, the mean free path λ, and the values of the Frenkel coefficient in the shape of a potential well in TlFeS2 crystals have been determined.
ТЕХНОГЕННІ ФАКТОРИ ВИРОБНИЧОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА ПОРОЖНИНУ
Authors: Глазунов О.А. , Груздева А.О.
Published: September 2021

Різні техногенні фактори мають негативний вплив на стоматологічний статус робітників, які пра- цюють у шкідливих умовах. Результати численних досліджень свідчать про поступовий зріст розпо- всюдженості захворювань порожнини рота зі збіль- шенням робочого стажу. Вивчення розповсюдже- ності та факторів ризику формування різних форм патології серед професійних груп, які зайняті на підприємствах залізорудного виробництва, є акту- альним. Мета дослідження – оцінити стан гігі- єни порожнини рота та активність біохімічних маркерів ротової рідини у робочих залізорудного виробництва, виявити Їх взаємозв’язок зі ступенем впливу шкідливих чинників виробництва. Матері- али та методи дослідження. Обстежено 256 робо- чих промислових залізорудних підприємств у віці від 20 до 60 лет, стаж роботи складав 5–20 років. Стан гігієни порожнини рота оцінювали згідно гігієнічного індексу Ю.А. Федорова та В.В. Володкиної (1971), индексів Stallard (1969) та J. Silness(1964), H. Loe (1967). У ротовій рідині оцінювалися біохімічні мар- кери – активність каталази (маркер стану антиок- сидантної системи) і лізоциму (рівень неспецифічної резистентності). Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Рівень гігієни ротової порожнини серед робітників промис- лових підприємств був значно гірший, ніж у группі порівняння. У ротовій рідині відзначається істотне зменшення з віком гірників активності ферменту каталази, що є маркером антиоксидантної системи і лізоциму, що відображає рівень неспецифічної резис- тентності, що свідчить про ослаблення захисних сил організму і формування умов для зростання патології органів і тканин порожнини рота.