bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of 7-Epiclusianone and Its Novel Copper Metal Complex on Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and Their Cytotoxicity in MAC-T Cells
Authors: De Barros Mariana , Perciano Pedro , Dos Santos Marcelo , De Oliveira Leandro , Costa Éderson , Moreira Maria
Published: May 2017

Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland parenchyma that adversely affects bovine health and dairy production worldwide despite significant efforts to eradicate it. The aim of this work was to characterize the antimicrobial activity of 7-epiclusianone (7-epi), a compound extracted from the Rheedia brasiliensis fruit, its complex with copper against Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis, and to assess their cytotoxicity to bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T). The complex 7-epiclusianone-Cu (7-epi-Cu) was an amorphous green solid with optical activity. Its vibrational spectrum in the infrared region showed absorption bands in the high-frequency region, as well as bands that can be attributed to the unconjugated and conjugated stretching of the free ligand. The complex was anhydrous. One of the tested bacterial strains was not sensitive to the compounds, while the other three had MIC values of 7.8 µg mL−1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values between 15.6 and 31.3 µg mL−1. These two compounds are bacteriostatic, did not cause damage to the cell wall and, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, did not induce bacterial adhesion. The compounds were not cytotoxic. Based on these results, 7-epi and 7-epi-Cu exhibited desirable antimicrobial properties and could potentially be used in bovine mastitis treatment.
Computational Predictions for Single Chain Chalcogenide-Based One-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Tuttle Blair , Alhassan Saeed , Pantelides Sokrates
Published: May 2017

Exfoliation of multilayered materials has led to an abundance of new two-dimensional (2D) materials and to their fabrication by other means. These materials have shown exceptional promise for many applications. In a similar fashion, we can envision starting with crystalline polymeric (multichain) materials and exfoliate single-chain, one-dimensional (1D) materials that may also prove useful. We use electronic structure methods to elucidate the properties of such 1D materials: individual chains of chalcogens, of silicon dichalcogenides and of sulfur nitrides. The results indicate reasonable exfoliation energies in the case of polymeric three-dimensional (3D) materials. Quantum confinement effects lead to large band gaps and large exciton binding energies. The effects of strain are quantified and heterojunction band offsets are determined. Possible applications would entail 1D materials on 3D or 2D substrates.
Meta-Chirality: Fundamentals, Construction and Applications
Authors: Ma Xiaoliang , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Guo Yinghui , Gao Ping , Luo Xiangang
Published: May 2017

Chiral metamaterials represent a special type of artificial structures that cannot be superposed to their mirror images. Due to the lack of mirror symmetry, cross-coupling between electric and magnetic fields exist in chiral mediums and present unique electromagnetic characters of circular dichroism and optical activity, which provide a new opportunity to tune polarization and realize negative refractive index. Chiral metamaterials have attracted great attentions in recent years and have given rise to a series of applications in polarization manipulation, imaging, chemical and biological detection, and nonlinear optics. Here we review the fundamental theory of chiral media and analyze the construction principles of some typical chiral metamaterials. Then, the progress in extrinsic chiral metamaterials, absorbing chiral metamaterials, and reconfigurable chiral metamaterials are summarized. In the last section, future trends in chiral metamaterials and application in nonlinear optics are introduced.
Neurophysiological Changes Induced by Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Tedford Ellen , McConkey Glenn
Published: May 2017

Although the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens in the world, the host-parasite interactions during CNS infection and the consequences of neurological infection are just beginning to be unraveled. The chronic stages of infection have been considered dormant, although several studies have found correlations of infection with an array of host behavioral changes. These may facilitate parasite transmission and impact neurological diseases. During infection, in addition to the presence of the parasites within neurons, host-mediated neuroimmune and hormonal responses to infection are also present. T. gondii induces numerous changes to host neurons during infection and globally alters host neurological signaling pathways, as discussed in this review. Understanding the neurophysiological changes in the host brain is imperative to understanding the parasitic mechanisms and to delineate the effects of this single-celled parasite on health and its contribution to neurological disease.
Knocking on a Saint’s Door, or a Quest for Holiness in a Post-Secular Society
Authors: Naydenova Natalia , Ebzeeva Yulia
Published: May 2017

The article examines Successors (Nasledniki, 2015) directed by Vladimir Khotinenko, illustrating a recent trend in the Russian film-making industry, namely, a rising interest in religious topics. While the Orthodox faith is widely seen by Russian political leaders as a basic aspect of national identity, the Church is also becoming more and more visible in the life of society, with religious holidays and events now receiving a higher profile in the public domain. The article analyzes how these trends shape the public consciousness and are reflected in the cinema production of recent years. Successors, a one location movie focusing on the debate over the role of Saint Sergius of Radonezh in the history of Russia, demonstrates that this 14th-century monk is very much present in the lives and minds of people 700 years later. In turn, this suggests that, under a layer of cynicism and consumerism, there is a growing hunger for holiness in a post-secular society.
Automatic Detection of Uprooted Orchards Based on Orthophoto Texture Analysis
Authors: Ciriza Raquel , Sola Ion , Albizua Lourdes , Álvarez-Mozos Jesús , González-Audícana María
Published: May 2017

Permanent crops, such as olive groves, vineyards and fruit trees, are important in European agriculture because of their spatial and economic relevance. Agricultural geographical databases (AGDBs) are commonly used by public bodies to gain knowledge of the extension covered by these crops and to manage related agricultural subsidies and inspections. However, the updating of these databases is mostly based on photointerpretation, and thus keeping this information up-to-date is very costly in terms of time and money. This paper describes a methodology for automatic detection of uprooted orchards (parcels where fruit trees have been eliminated) based on the textural classification of orthophotos with a spatial resolution of 0.25 m. The textural features used for this classification were derived from the grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and wavelet transform, and were selected through principal components (PCA) and separability analyses. Next, a Discriminant Analysis classification algorithm was used to detect uprooted orchards. Entropy, contrast and correlation were found to be the most informative textural features obtained from the co-occurrence matrix. The minimum and standard deviation in plane 3 were the selected features based on wavelet transform. The classification based on these features achieved a true positive rate (TPR) of over 80% and an accuracy (A) of over 88%. As a result, this methodology enabled reducing the number of fields to photointerpret by 60–85%, depending on the membership threshold value selected. The proposed approach could be easily adopted by different stakeholders and could increase significantly the efficiency of agricultural database updating tasks.
A Two-Echelon Cooperated Routing Problem for a Ground Vehicle and Its Carried Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Luo Zhihao , Liu Zhong , Shi Jianmai
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a two-echelon cooperated routing problem for the ground vehicle (GV) and its carried unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is investigated, where the GV travels on the road network and its UAV travels in areas beyond the road to visit a number of targets unreached by the GV. In contrast to the classical two-echelon routing problem, the UAV has to launch and land on the GV frequently to change or charge its battery while the GV is moving on the road network. A new 0–1 integer programming model is developed to formulate the problem, where the constraints on the spatial and temporal cooperation of GV and UAV routes are included. Two heuristics are proposed to solve the model: the first heuristic (H1) constructs a complete tour for all targets and splits it by GV routes, while the second heuristic (H2) constructs the GV tour and assigns UAV flights to it. Random instances with six different sizes (25–200 targets, 12–80 rendezvous nodes) are used to test the algorithms. Computational results show that H1 performs slightly better than H2, while H2 uses less time and is more stable.
An Improved Model Predictive Current Controller of Switched Reluctance Machines Using Time-Multiplexed Current Sensor
Authors: Li Bingchu , Ling Xiao , Huang Yixiang , Gong Liang , Liu Chengliang
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a fixed-switching-frequency model predictive current controller using multiplexed current sensor for switched reluctance machine (SRM) drives. The converter was modified to distinguish currents from simultaneously excited phases during the sampling period. The only current sensor installed in the converter was time division multiplexing for phase current sampling. During the commutation stage, the control steps of adjacent phases were shifted so that sampling time was staggered. The maximum and minimum duty ratio of pulse width modulation (PWM) was limited to keep enough sampling time for analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. Current sensor multiplexing was realized without complex adjustment of either driver circuit nor control algorithms, while it helps to reduce the cost and errors introduced in current sampling due to inconsistency between sensors. The proposed controller is validated by both simulation and experimental results with a 1.5 kW three-phase 12/8 SRM. Satisfied current sampling is received with little difference compared with independent phase current sensors for each phase. The proposed controller tracks the reference current profile as accurately as the model predictive current controller with independent phase current sensors, while having minor tracking errors compared with a hysteresis current controller.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Based Economic Analysis of Solar PV System with Respect to Performance Investigation for Indian Market
Authors: K. Padmanathan , Govindarajan Uma , K. Ramachandaramurthy Vigna , T. Sudar Oli Selvi
Published: May 2017

Energy market is subject to changing energy demands on a daily basis. The increasing demand for energy necessitates the use of renewable sources and promotes decentralized generation. Specifically, solar PV is preferred in the energy market to meet the increasing energy demand. New approaches are preferred in the economic analysis to simulate multiple actor interplays and intermittent behavior in order to predict the increasing complexity in solar PV. In the Indian society, there are various myths and perceptions regarding economics of electricity generated through solar PV system. Therefore, this paper will address the various Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) and economic analysis for all types of consumers in the Indian electricity market. A detailed economic and performance study is made by considering ten categories and seven sub categories of investment plan for 1 MW solar projects using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to support the decision.
Healthcare in the Smart Home: A Study of Past, Present and Future
Authors: Bennett Jamie , Rokas Osvaldas , Chen Liming
Published: May 2017

Ubiquitous or Pervasive Computing is an increasingly used term throughout the technology industry and is beginning to enter the consumer electronics space in its most recent form under the umbrella term: “Internet of Things”. One area of focus is in augmenting the home with intelligent, networked sensors and computers to create a Smart Home which opens a host of possibilities for the role of tomorrow’s dwelling. As the world’s population continues to live longer and consequently experience more medical-related ailments, at the same time institutional healthcare is struggling to cope, the role of the Smart Home becomes paramount to monitoring a dweller’s health and providing any necessary intervention. This study looks at the history of Smart Home Healthcare, current research areas, and potential areas of future investigation. Unique categorisations are presented in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Personal Sensors, and a thorough look at the application of Smart Home Healthcare is presented. Technology can augment traditional methods of healthcare delivery and in some cases completely replace it. Costs can be reduced and medical adherence can be increased, all of which contribute to a more sustainable and effective model of care.
Neural Networks for Radar Waveform Recognition
Authors: Zhang Ming , Diao Ming , Gao Lipeng , Liu Lutao
Published: May 2017

For passive radar detection system, radar waveform recognition is an important research area. In this paper, we explore an automatic radar waveform recognition system to detect, track and locate the low probability of intercept (LPI) radars. The system can classify (but not identify) 12 kinds of signals, including binary phase shift keying (BPSK) (barker codes modulated), linear frequency modulation (LFM), Costas codes, Frank code, P1-P4 codesand T1-T4 codeswith a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is one of the most extensive classification systems in the open articles. A hybrid classifier is proposed, which includes two relatively independent subsidiary networks, convolutional neural network (CNN) and Elman neural network (ENN). We determine the parameters of the architecture to make networks more effectively. Specifically, we focus on how the networks are designed, what the best set of features for classification is and what the best classified strategy is. Especially, we propose several key features for the classifier based on Choi–Williams time-frequency distribution (CWD). Finally, the recognition system is simulated by experimental data. The experiments show the overall successful recognition ratio of 94.5% at an SNR of −2 dB.
Tetrodotoxin-Producing Bacteria: Detection, Distribution and Migration of the Toxin in Aquatic Systems
Authors: Magarlamov Timur , Melnikova Daria , Chernyshev Alexey
Published: May 2017

This review is devoted to the marine bacterial producers of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent non-protein neuroparalytic toxin. In addition to the issues of the ecology and distribution of TTX-producing bacteria, this review examines issues relating to toxin migration from bacteria to TTX-bearing animals. It is shown that the mechanism of TTX extraction from toxin-producing bacteria to the environment occur through cell death, passive/active toxin excretion, or spore germination of spore-forming bacteria. Data on TTX microdistribution in toxic organs of TTX-bearing animals indicate toxin migration from the digestive system to target organs through the transport system of the organism. The role of symbiotic microflora in animal toxicity is also discussed: despite low toxin production by bacterial strains in laboratory conditions, even minimal amounts of TTX produced by intestinal microflora of an animal can contribute to its toxicity. Special attention is paid to methods of TTX detection applicable to bacteria. Due to the complexity of toxin detection in TTX-producing bacteria, it is necessary to use several methods based on different methodological approaches. Issues crucial for further progress in detecting natural sources of TTX investigation are also considered.
The Role of the P2X7 Receptor in Ocular Stresses: A Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Dutot Mélody , Olivier Elodie , Wakx Anaïs , Rat Patrice
Published: May 2017

The P2X7 receptor is expressed in both anterior and posterior segments of the eyeball. In the ocular surface, the P2X7 receptor is activated in case of external aggressions: preservatives and surfactants induce the activation of P2X7 receptors, leading to either apoptosis, inflammation, or cell proliferation. In the retina, the key endogenous actors of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma act through P2X7 receptors’ activation and/or upregulation of P2X7 receptors’ expression. Different therapeutic strategies aimed at the P2X7 receptor exist. P2X7 receptor antagonists, such as divalent cations and Brilliant Blue G (BBG) could be used to target either the ocular surface or the retina, as long as polyunsaturated fatty acids may exert their effects through the disruption of plasma membrane lipid rafts or saffron that reduces the response evoked by P2X7 receptor stimulation. Treatments against P2X7 receptor activation are proposed by using either eye drops or food supplements.
Stable Au–C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures
Authors: Chutora Taras , Redondo Jesús , de la Torre Bruno , Švec Martin , Jelínek Pavel , Vázquez Héctor
Published: May 2017

We report on the formation of fullerene-derived nanostructures on Au(111) at room temperature and under UHV conditions. After low-energy ion sputtering of fullerene films deposited on Au(111), bright spots appear at the herringbone corner sites when measured using a scanning tunneling microscope. These features are stable at room temperature against diffusion on the surface. We carry out DFT calculations of fullerene molecules having one missing carbon atom to simulate the vacancies in the molecules resulting from the sputtering process. These modified fullerenes have an adsorption energy on the Au(111) surface that is 1.6 eV higher than that of C60 molecules. This increased binding energy arises from the saturation by the Au surface of the bonds around the molecular vacancy defect. We therefore interpret the observed features as adsorbed fullerene-derived molecules with C vacancies. This provides a pathway for the formation of fullerene-based nanostructures on Au at room temperature.
Conformational study of L-methionine and L-cysteine derivatives through quantum chemical calculations and 3JHH coupling constant analyses
Authors: Silva Weslley G D P , Braga Carolyne B , Rittner Roberto
Published: May 2017

The understanding of the conformational behavior of amino acids and their derivatives is a challenging task. Here, the conformational analysis of esterified and N-acetylated derivatives of L-methionine and L-cysteine using a combination of 1H NMR and electronic structure calculations is reported. The geometries and energies of the most stable conformers in isolated phase and taking into account the implicit solvent effects, according to the integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model (IEF−PCM), were obtained at the ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The conformational preferences of the compounds in solution were also determined from experimental and theoretical 3JHH coupling constants analysis in different aprotic solvents. The results showed that the conformational stability of the esterified derivatives is not very sensitive to solvent effects, whereas the conformational equilibrium of the N-acetylated derivatives changes in the presence of solvent. According to the natural bond orbital (NBO), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and noncovalent interactions (NCI) methodologies, the conformational preferences for the compounds are not dictated by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, but by a joint contribution of hyperconjugative and steric effects.
AN APPROACH TO THE PRODUCTION PLANT LOCATION SELECTION BASED ON THE USE OF THE ATANASSOV INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS
Authors: STANUJKIĆ Dragiša , MEIDUTĖ-KAVALIAUSKIENĖ Ieva
Published: May 2017

Location planning is one of very important tasks in the manufacturing industry. There are various factors that influence the selection of a location of a production plant. In cases of selection, when uncertainty and a need for predicting are significantly manifested, the use of fuzzy or grey numbers can be very useful. That is why an approach based on the use of Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers (IVIFNs) for the selection of the most appropriate location of a production plant is considered in this article. The efficiency of the proposed approach is considered on an example, based on the real problem of the smelter and refinery production plant selection.
Photometric Variability of the Be Star Population
Authors: Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Pepper Joshua , McSwain M. Virginia , Bjorkman J. E. , Bjorkman K. S. , Lund Michael B. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Stassun Keivan G. , Stevens Daniel J. , James David J. , Kuhn Rudolf B. , Siverd Robert J. , Beatty Thomas G.
Published: May 2017

Be stars have generally been characterized by the emission lines in their spectra, and especially the time variability of those spectroscopic features. They are known to also exhibit photometric variability at multiple timescales, but have not been broadly compared and analyzed by that behavior. We have taken advantage of the advent of wide-field, long-baseline, and high-cadence photometric surveys that search for transiting exoplanets to perform a comprehensive analysis of brightness variations among a large number of known Be stars. The photometric data comes from the KELT transit survey, with a typical cadence of 30 minutes, a baseline of up to 10 years, photometric precision of about 1%, and coverage of about 60% of the sky. We analyze KELT light curves of 610 known Be stars in both the northern and southern hemispheres in an effort to study their variability. Consistent with other studies of Be star variability, we find most of the stars to be photometrically variable. We derive lower limits on the fraction of stars in our sample that exhibit features consistent with non-radial pulsations (25%), outbursts (36%), and long-term trends in the circumstellar disk (37%), and show how these are correlated with spectral sub-types. Other types of variability, such as those owing to binarity, are also explored. Simultaneous spectroscopy for some of these systems from the Be Star Spectra database allow us to better understand the physical causes for the observed variability, especially in cases of outbursts and changes in the disk.
Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of Nearby Galaxies with HST/COS and HST/STIS Absorption-line Spectroscopy. II. Methods and Models∗
Authors: Keeney Brian A. , Stocke John T. , Danforth Charles W. , Shull J. Michael , Pratt Cameron T. , Froning Cynthia S. , Green James C. , Penton Steven V. , Savage Blair D.
Published: May 2017

We present basic data and modeling for a survey of the cool, photoionized circumgalactic medium (CGM) of low-redshift galaxies using far-UV QSO absorption-line probes. This survey consists of “targeted” and “serendipitous” CGM subsamples, originally described in Stocke et al. (Paper I). The targeted subsample probes low-luminosity, late-type galaxies at

z
<
0.02

with small impact parameters (

〈
ρ
〉
=
71

kpc), and the serendipitous subsample probes higher luminosity galaxies at

z
≲
0.2

with larger impact parameters (

〈
ρ
〉
=
222

kpc). Hubble Space Telescope and FUSE UV spectroscopy of the absorbers and basic data for the associated galaxies, derived from ground-based imaging and spectroscopy, are presented. We find broad agreement with the COS-Halos results, but our sample shows no evidence for changing ionization parameter or hydrogen density with distance from the CGM host galaxy, probably because the COS-Halos survey probes the CGM at smaller impact parameters. We find at least two passive galaxies with H i and metal-line absorption, confirming the intriguing COS-Halos result that galaxies sometimes have cool gas halos despite no on-going star formation. Using a new methodology for fitting H i absorption complexes, we confirm the CGM cool gas mass of Paper I, but this value is significantly smaller than that found by the COS-Halos survey. We trace much of this difference to the specific values of the low-z metagalactic ionization rate assumed. After accounting for this difference, a best-value for the CGM cool gas mass is found by combining the results of both surveys to obtain

log
(
M

/

M

⊙

)
=
10.5
±
0.3

, or ∼30% of the total baryon reservoir of an

L
≥

L

*

, star-forming galaxy.
Molecular Gas toward the Gemini OB1 Molecular Cloud Complex. I. Observation Data
Authors: Wang Chen , Yang Ji , Xu Ye , Li Facheng , Su Yang , Zhang Shaobo
Published: May 2017

We present a large-scale mapping toward the GEM OB1 association in the galactic anti-center direction. The 9° × 6.°5 area was mapped in 12CO, 13CO, and C18O with ∼50″ angular resolution at 30″ sampling. The region was divided into four main components based on spatial distribution and velocity: the Gemini OB1 Giant Molecular Cloud (GGMC) Complex, the Lynds Dark Clouds and the West Front Clouds, the Swallow and Horn, and the Remote Clouds. The GGMC Complex is located in the Perseus arm, while the Lynds Dark Clouds and the West Front Clouds are located in the Local arm. Swallow and Horn are revealed for the first time in this paper. The two clouds have a similar velocity interval ([11, 21] km s−1) and have similar sizes (0.6 and 0.8 deg2). We analyzed the structure of these clouds in detail and calculated their parameters (mass, temperature, etc.). Two elongated structures were discovered in a longitude–velocity map in the velocity interval [11, 30] km s−1. We also found an interesting filament that shows a 0.8 km s−1 pc−1 gradient perpendicular to the direction of the long axis.
Discovery of a Mid-infrared Echo from the TDE Candidate in the Nucleus of ULIRG F01004−2237
Authors: Dou Liming , Wang Tinggui , Yan Lin , Jiang Ning , Yang Chenwei , Cutri Roc M. , Mainzer Amy , Peng Bo
Published: May 2017

We present the mid-infrared (MIR) light curves (LCs) of a tidal disruption event candidate in the center of a nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy F01004−2237 using archival WISE and NEOWISE data from 2010 to 2016. At the peak of the optical flare, F01004−2237 was IR quiescent. About three years later, its MIR fluxes have shown a steady increase, rising by 1.34 and 1.04 mag in 3.4 and 4.6 μm up to the end of 2016. The host-subtracted MIR peak luminosity is 2–3 × 1044 erg s−1. We interpret the MIR LCs as an infrared echo, i.e., dust reprocessed emission of the optical flare. Fitting the MIR LCs using our dust model, we infer a dust torus of the size of a few parsecs at some inclined angle. The derived dust temperatures range from 590–850 K, and the warm dust mass is ∼7 M
⊙. Such a large mass implies that the dust cannot be newly formed. We also derive the UV luminosity of 4–11 × 1044 erg s−1. The inferred total IR energy is 1–2 × 1052 erg, suggesting a large dust covering factor. Finally, our dust model suggests that the long tail of the optical flare could be due to dust scattering.
Possibilités, conditions et limites d’un management subsidiaire : le cas d’une Banque Régionale
Authors: Merceron Jean-Luc
Published: May 2017

Il n’y a pas de « bien être » sans « bien faire » (Clot, 2010). La question du « travail bien fait » mobilise chacun d’entre nous dans son activité quotidienne. Cependant, qu’est-ce que le travail bien fait ? De quelles ressources avons-nous besoin pour bien faire notre travail ? Qu’est-ce qui empêche le travail bien fait ? Ces questions fondamentales pour le bon fonctionnement d’une entreprise et la santé au travail méritent de mobiliser l’ensemble des travailleurs de la ligne hiérarchique afin de contribuer à un ajustement permanent et pertinent entre « fiabilité réglée » et « fiabilité gérée » (Petit, Dugué, Daniellou, 2011). Dans un contexte contemporain de diminution du « pouvoir d’agir » des individus au travail (Clot, 2008, 2010), une vieille notion de philosophie politique, la subsidiarité, fait un retour remarquable dans la recherche en sciences sociales : en ergonomie (Petit, Dugué, Daniellou, 2011), en droit (Barroche, 2012), en économie (Gomez, 2011), en gestion (Detchessahar, 2013 ; Melé 2005), parce que la subsidiarité envisage l’organisation par le bas en ayant le souci majeur de préserver l’agir créatif des individus et l’ambition permanente de placer la décision au plus près de l’action. Mais un management subsidiaire est-il envisageable concrètement ? Dans ce cas, quelles sont ses conditions de mise en œuvre, et ses limites. Dans le cadre d’une recherche-intervention au sein d’une Banque Régionale, nous testons l’hypothèse suivante : la mise en place, dans les routines managériales, d’espaces de discussion sur le travail bien fait, permet d’alimenter un management subsidiaire qui concilie santé au travail et performance organisationnelle.
De la disjonction entre qualité de vie et qualité de l’aide à domicile
Authors: Gucher Catherine , Alvarez Stéphane , Laforgue Denis , Vial Benjamin , Warin Philippe
Published: May 2017

Pour quelles raisons certaines personnes âgées dépendantes portent-elles un jugement négatif sur la qualité de l’aide qui leur est apportée à domicile et en conséquence manifestent un recours ou une adhésion limité(e) aux formes d’intervention qui leur sont proposées dans le cadre de l’allocation personnalisée d’autonomie ? Une recherche, pour le compte de la drees-cnsa , a permis aux auteurs d’expliquer en partie ces phénomènes au prisme des disjonctions entre conceptions de la qualité de l’aide et de la qualité de vie. L’article montre la manière dont l’intervention professionnelle à domicile, en venant en concordance ou en discordance avec la structure de la ligne de vie et du quotidien des personnes aidées, constitue un élément central de cette appréciation.
L’accompagnement des enfants et adolescents en situation de handicap par les Services d’aide et d’accompagnement à domicile ( saad ) en France : une réalité inexplorée
Authors: Desjeux Cyril
Published: May 2017

Cet article montre que les saad sont souvent méconnus, oubliés ou financièrement peu accessibles pour l’accompagnement des personnes en situation de handicap, encore plus lorsqu’il s’agit d’accompagner des enfants ou adolescents en situation de handicap. Que l’on soit un acteur du sanitaire ou du médico-social, les services d’aide et d’accompagnement à domicile sont l’une des chevilles ouvrières de nos politiques publiques. Le maintien à domicile, le retour à domicile, l’accessibilité à la citoyenneté, le repérage de la fragilité, etc. sont autant de situations où les intervenants du domicile sont en première ligne pour accompagner, alerter, soutenir et/ou pallier les manques de ressources sur certains territoires.
Être particulier employeur en situation de handicap
Authors: Loustalot Emmanuel
Published: May 2017

Il y a en France 70 000 particuliers employeurs en situation de handicap faisant appel à des aidants pour continuer à vivre leur vie de façon indépendante. Mais que signifie être l’employeur de ses aidants ? Pourquoi ? Que recouvre cette modalité d’organisation de son aide humaine ? Quels sont les enjeux quotidiens ? Répondre à ces questions permet d’analyser et de questionner la fonction employeur d’une personne en situation de handicap.
Soutenir les particuliers employeurs en situation de handicap
Authors: Pouget Cindy
Published: May 2017

Les particuliers employeurs en situation de handicap font face à des enjeux majeurs dans leur rôle d’employeur de leurs aidants. Ils doivent gérer une relation de travail atypique avec leur(s) salarié(s), dans laquelle les prérogatives de l’employeur sont contrebalancées par la dépendance de la personne handicapée vis-à-vis de l’aidant. Le handicap a une incidence non négligeable sur cette relation de travail et impacte tout autant la posture que les responsabilités des particuliers employeurs en situation de handicap. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, ces derniers développent des moyens propres ou s’appuient sur des ressources externes. Bien que l’emploi direct puisse s’avérer complexe, il constitue néanmoins une véritable solution pour organiser une aide humaine qui sécurise le maintien à domicile. Il favorise également l’autonomie et la participation sociale de la personne handicapée. Cependant, l’autonomie du particulier employeur en situation de handicap n’exclut pas le besoin d’être soutenu dans sa fonction d’employeur. Le défi consiste à apporter une réponse hybride tenant compte de la double spécificité « employeur direct » et « personne handicapée ».
L’accompagnement à domicile des personnes en situation de handicap psychique
Authors: Peintre Carole , Debrach Laurent , Marabet Bénédicte
Published: May 2017

Au cours des quinze dernières années, le réseau des creai a participé à de nombreux travaux sur l’évaluation, l’accueil, l’accompagnement et l’inclusion sociale des personnes en situation de handicap psychique. Les résultats de l’étude récente, conduite par l’ ancreai sur le soutien apporté par les Services d’aide à domicile ( sad ) à ce public spécifique, viennent corroborer certains enseignements des travaux antérieurs. Elle apporte également des préconisations concrètes pour faire évoluer l’organisation et les pratiques professionnelles de ces services de droit commun, dans la perspective de mieux répondre aux besoins et attentes de ces situations de vulnérabilité en lien avec des troubles psychiques.
Attitudes towards the use of insect-derived materials in Scottish salmon feeds
Authors: Popoff M. , MacLeod M. , Leschen W.
Published: May 2017

Fishmeal is an important source of high quality protein in aquaculture, but concerns about its cost and sustainability are making it a less attractive feed material. Replacing fishmeal with plant proteins can impact on the nutritional quality of farmed salmon. In theory insect meals could be substituted for fishmeal without affecting the quality of the fish produced. They could also provide a way of adding value to the bio-wastes used to rear the insects. However little is known about consumer or producer attitudes towards the use of insect meals. This paper reports findings of a survey of consumer attitudes in the UK, towards the incorporation of cultured insect larvae (maggots) – derived feed materials into commercial formulated fish feeds for the Scottish salmon farming sector. It provides results of investigations on the attitudes of other stakeholders (salmon farmers, feed producers and fish retailers) via semi-structured interviews. Consumer attitudes towards the use of insect meal were found to be favourable (only 10% were opposed to the inclusion of insect meal in salmon feed; n=180), with vegetable waste being the preferred waste stream for rearing insects. The interviews suggest that feed and salmon producers are in principle open to the use of insect meals, provided the feeds are proven to be safe and reliable. However producing insect meal in sufficient quantity, quality and at a price that is competitive with existing feed materials will be challenging. In conclusion, a large part of the population is uninformed, or misinformed, about the benefits of insect-feed. Because people tend to know very little about feeds and their impact on the environment, they generally have no strong opinions about the subject, and purchasing decisions are guided by other factors. More information may increase awareness and likelihood that people will accept Insect-based feeds.
Reduction of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in poultry manure by rearing of Musca domestica fly larvae
Authors: Nordentoft S. , Fischer C. , Bjerrum L. , Heckmann L.H. , Hald B.
Published: May 2017

A major barrier for using animal waste as substrate for production of insects for feed or food is the concern for safety of the end products. In this study we investigated how rearing of fly larvae of Musca domestica in poultry manure influenced the counts of three pathogenic test strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni) and investigated whether these were transferred from manure to larvae, pupae or adults flies. We monitored quantitative microbiological changes over a study period of seven days. We showed that the decay in the numbers of E. coli, S. Enteritidis, and C. jejuni was faster in manure with rearing of fly larvae than in manure without larvae; an 8 log10 reduction of all three test bacteria was observed within four days in manure with larvae; compared to manure without larvae where a 1 to 2 log10 was observed. We found no sign of propagation of the pathogens in the larvae gut. All test strains were detectable in low numbers at day 4 in the larvae gut but only C. jejuni survived until day 7. In the pupae, only S. Enteritidis was detectable at day 3, and no test strains were found later than day 3. None of the test strain was isolated from adult flies. The total aerobic bacterial count remained at a high level throughout the study both in manure, in larvae and in pupae. In conclusion, our results showed that elimination of the pathogens from the manure was accelerated by larvae rearing, but were still detectable at low number in the larvae gut until end of the larvae stage. This study provides data for evaluation of feed safety of fly larvae reared on animal waste. Furthermore suggests a potential use for reduction of these pathogens in manure.
A Note on the History of Gender Economics and Feminist Economics
Authors: Becchio Giandomenica
Published: May 2017

The aim of this paper is to show the differences between Gender Economics (GE) and Feminist Economics (FE). The first part will deal with a historical reconstruction of these differences. The central part of this chapter will specifically illustrate Gender Economics, Feminist Economics, Feminine Economics, and the Austrian approaches to gender studies within economics. Gender Economics is an approach mainly focused on the role of gender in social and economic problems of the public life (such as labor, migration, household, laws, civil rights) as well as in a private contest (housekeeping, sexuality, and so on). Feminist Economics, Feminine Economics and Austrian economics develop in different ways a much more challenging perspective: they promote a deep revision of the mainstream economic theory founded on the optimization of an expected utility function that has been shaped into a masculine perspective.
Sexual Orientation as a Human Right
Authors: Tziola Despina A.
Published: May 2017

In this chapter, the authors examine the matter of sexual orientation as a human right. Human rights violations take many forms, from denials of the rights to life to discrimination in accessing economic, social, and cultural rights. More than 80 countries still maintain laws that make same-sex consensual relations between adults a criminal offence. Those seeking to peaceably affirm diverse sexual orientations or gender identities have also experienced violence and discrimination. A gay man was entitled to live freely and openly in accordance with his sexual identity under the Refugee Convention (“the Convention”) and it was no answer to the claim for asylum that he would conceal his sexual identity in order to avoid the persecution that would follow if he did not do so. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom had to solve this complex problem as many issues were raised in the hearing.
Which Matters More?
Authors: Trinh Mai P.
Published: May 2017

This chapter reviews what we know about the effects of surface-level diversity (age, sex, and ethnicity) and deep-level diversity (personality characteristics such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, emotional stability, and agreeableness) in organizational teams. It also outlines challenges to today's diversity management and Human Resource (HR) practices, such as the lack of definite conclusions from research results, the mismatch between team diversity research designs and organizations' needs, and the lack of research examining simultaneously different aspects of diversity. Drawing from analysis results of team data from 55 teams of volunteers from Shanghai, the author recommends that HR training and selection take specific team contexts into account and increase attention on functions that support important team processes such as communication and mutual support among team members.
Exploring the Impact of an Online Diversity Course for the Professional Development of Faculty and Staff
Authors: Hode Marlo Goldstein , Behm-Morawitz Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

In the context of shifting demographics and broad social change efforts, it is critical that faculty and staff at all institutional levels have the awareness, knowledge, and skills to work effectively with diverse coworkers, students, and other constituents. However, access to such educational opportunities may be hindered by the fact that faculty and staff tend to have limited availability for professional development during the regular work day and may not have the resources or incentive to pursue diversity training outside of their busy work schedules. Therefore, some universities are looking towards online platforms as a way to increase accessibility for a wider audience. In order to better understand the potential effectiveness and limitations of an online platform for diversity education, this chapter explores the impact of an online diversity course developed as a professional development program for faculty and staff at the University of the Midwest (UM).
Reasons for Avatar Gender Swapping by Online Game Players
Authors: Chou Yu-Jen , Lo Shao-Kang , Teng Ching-I
Published: May 2017

Players of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) frequently select avatars of the opposite gender, a phenomenon known as gender swapping. While this phenomenon is widely recognized, little is known about the underlying reasons. This study thus examines why players use opposite-gender avatars. Heterogeneity sampling is used to maximize information completeness. Data are obtained from interviews with 21 MMORPG players in Taiwan. The core theme identified is “increased enjoyment”, which itself integrates six more specific themes or aspects (social interaction, harassment avoidance, obtaining free gifts, fooling others, fantasy experiences and playing superior avatars) through which players derive increased enjoyment from game playing with gender-swapped avatars. This exploratory work creates a foundation for future research to develop and test hypotheses linking gender-swapping with player psychology or behavior.
The Creation of a Theoretical Framework for Avatar Creation and Revision
Authors: Beck Dennis , Murphy Cheryl
Published: May 2017

Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVE) are increasingly being used in education and provide environments where users can manipulate minute details of their avatar's appearance including those traditionally associated with gender and race identification. The ability to choose racial and gender characteristics differs from real-world educational environments and raises interesting questions regarding the applicability of previous racial and gender research findings. Specifically, do racial and gender categorizations found in traditional classroom research convey to virtual worlds where gender and race are controllable? To explore this issue research related to racial and gender characteristics in traditional and MUVEs environments is considered. Additionally, the theories of classification and mental categorization, media equation theory, equalization hypothesis, and Social Identification Model of Deindividuation Effects are examined as potential foundations of understanding. Results of two pilot studies conducted to determine associations of avatar appearance with gender and racial classifications are discussed in relation to the development of a theoretical framework. Implications for future investigations are discussed.
Frontline Employees' Self-Perception of Ageism, Sexism, and Lookism
Authors: Palmeira Mirian
Published: May 2017

The aim of this chapter is to identify whether frontline employees perceived themselves as having feelings of sexism, ageism, and appearance discrimination against customers in retail services. This investigation is a quantitative research, a conclusive description (Gil, 2002), and ex post facto study, which utilises a survey to collect the data and sampling by convenience. Three protocols are used (1) to format the questionnaire, (2) to produce 12 different standards combining age, gender, and appearance, and (3) to create social classification (Rattam, 1998). In a previous study (Palmeira, Palmeira, & Santos, 2012), customers of different ages and genders perceived some degree of prejudice and discrimination in face-to-face retail services. Now, on the other side of the coin, frontline employees who work in Fashion and Food retailing recognise that there is prejudiced behaviour against customers, depending on their age, gender, and appearance, when providing them with face-to-face retail services. More than 95% of female and more than 64% of male attendants believe that well-dressed, young female customers are given priority when being served. Almost 80% of female and only 58% of male frontline workers believe that badly-dressed middle-aged men (not younger men) are the last to be served when there is no clear queuing process in the retail spatial area. This context strongly suggests the growing importance of an interpersonal skills training process for an organisations' staff as a way of avoiding behaviour that makes the customers think that there are prejudice and discrimination in the service process, as well as ASL development (T&D against Ageism, Sexism, and Lookism) being part of the strategic statements.
Value Creation through Heterogeneous Cultural Team-Based Environments
Authors: Ozuem Wilson , Sarsby Nicole
Published: May 2017

Previous research has documented cultural heterogeneity within project teams, but still attention mainly centres on project managers who transfer internationally to manage teams of a different culture from their own, or more recently from those who manage virtual teams. Existing literature does not discuss the readiness to manage culturally diverse teams as a result of large-scale EU migration and wider immigration in the UK projectised environments. The objectives of this contribution are: 1) to investigate the factors that influence effective value creation in heterogeneous cultural environments, in both inter- and intra-organisational learning and knowledge creation in the UK project team-based environments, and 2) to illuminate issues of value creation in heterogeneous cultural environments in both public and private team-based project environments. This chapter adds to extant studies of organisational diversity and innovation by elucidating the overwhelming key aspects of cultural heterogeneity and thus explains how challenging it is to affect change in the prevailing praxis, ideas, and values in team-based management.