bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of surgical margins assessment in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tomar Sanjeev , Tomar Upma , Mediratta Akshat , Gupta Manish , Bhandari Shivani
Published: May 2024

Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity. HNSCC can be treated by surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and sometimes combinations of all these modalities, and among all these modalities, surgery is the most accepted line of treatment. The purpose of cancer surgery is achieving complete resection of the tumor, and its success depends on not leaving any residual neoplastic cell. Despite all the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, HNSCC is showing increasingly high recurrence rates. The surgical margins (SMs) or resection margins are the margins or boundaries of resection specimen, which is excised by the surgeon. The goal of this review was to evaluate the significance of SMs in adequate and proper treatment of HNSCC along with minimum recurrence.
Exploring hematopoietic stem cell population in human milk and its benefits for infants: A scoping review
Authors: Khudri Ghaniyyatul , Sukmawati Dewi
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To comprehensively explore hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in human milk, understanding their molecular markers, isolation methods, benefits for infants, and potential medical applications.

Methods:

We conducted a scoping literature review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. This review included studies investigating HSCs in human milk, utilizing molecular markers such as CD34+, CD113+, and CD117+ for characterization. Both in vitro and in vivo studies exploring the morphology, function, and clinical implications of these cells were considered. The diverse range of papers reviewed were indexed in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar, published between 2010 and 2023.

Results:

This scoping review explored 577 articles and selected 13 studies based on our inclusion criteria, focusing on HSCs in human milk. Most studies dilute samples prior to HSC isolation, followed by detection using markers such as CD34+, CD113+, and CD117+, with flow cytometry serving as the primary analysis tool, focusing on their isolation and detection methods. While no definitive benefits have been conclusively established, there is a strong belief in the potential of HSCs to positively impact infant immunity, growth, and tissue repair.

Conclusions:

This review presents significant evidence supporting the presence of HSCs in human milk, identified by markers such as CD34+, CD113+, and CD117+. These cells show considerable potential in enhancing infant health, including immunity, tissue repair, cognitive development, and gastrointestinal health. Despite methodological variations in isolation and detection techniques, the collective findings underscore the potential clinical relevance of HSCs in human milk. Moreover, this review highlights the non-invasive accessibility of human milk as a source of HSCs and emphasizes the need for further research to unlock their therapeutic potential.
A cross- sectional study to assess medication safety, knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding nutrition and medication among pregnant women
Authors: Gauthami R , Shaji Bipin , Twinkle MJS , Radhakrishnan Krishnapriya , Kolar Reshma , Joel Juno Jerold
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To assess pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding nutrition and medication usage, analyse the prescribing pattern, and categorize them based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 pregnant women in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hospital from October 2022 to August 2023. A knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire was prepared in English language by the researchers and validated by an expert panel consisting of 12 members. The validated questionnaire was then translated into regional languages, Kannada and Malayalam. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with test-retest method with a representative sample population of 30 subjects (10 subjects for each language). The subjects' knowledge, attitude, and practice were evaluated using the validated KAP questionnaire. The safety of the medication was assessed using the FDA drug safety classification for pregnancy.

Results:

The mean scores for nutritional and medication usage knowledge, attitude, and practice were 4.14±1.15, 4.50±1.09, and 3.00±1.47, respectively. Among 30 prescribed medications, 3 belong to category A (no risk in human studies), 8 belong to category B (no risk in animal studies), 18 belong to category C (risk cannot be ruled out) and 1 drug is not classified. A significant association was observed between medication knowledge and practice (r=0.159, P=0.010).

Conclusions:

Most of the study population knows the need to maintain good dietary and medication practices during pregnancy. Counselling pregnant women regarding diet and medication usage is crucial in maternal care.
Psychosocial interventions for infertile couples: A scoping review
Authors: Sunil Sreemol , Anish K. R.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To bring out current evidence regarding psycho-social interventions for infertility care, and identify the best practices in clinical care.

Methods:

An in-depth literature review on infertility care intervention was conducted using data from multiple databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. The relevant articles selected were between 2008 and 2022.

Results:

A literature search turned up 1 798 citations, of which 25 studies were included after rigorous analysis. Various intervention categories have been constantly utilised to provide support and promote mental health, of which acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) were used most frequently. The interventions exhibited diversity in both content and composition, and addressed a wide range of issues.

Conclusions:

The review emphasizes that psycho-social interventions have a positive effect on psychological issues, relationships, and pregnancies among couples and can be incorporated into fertility-care practices.
An Unusual Finding of Ipsilateral Pantaloon Hernia with Contralateral Direct inguinal Hernia in a Male Cadaver
Authors: Bino S. John , Rout Sipra
Published: May 2024

The presence of unilateral Pantaloon's hernia with contralateral direct hernia coexisting together is a rare occurrence. We noticed such a case, where in one male cadaver aged 78 years on routine cadaveric dissection. A case of unilateral Pantaloon hernia was observed where both direct and indirect hernial sac were observed in the inguinal region on the right side while on the left side a huge direct inguinal hernial sac was present with coils of sigmoid colon as its content. Here, we have discussed this rare occurrence of composite hernias with their contents in a single body in detail with the associated morphological distortions and possible complications.
A rare case report of focal cement osseous dysplasia associated with recurrent periodontal abscess
Authors: Mahajan Anushi , Grover Sonal
Published: May 2024

Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia (FocCOD) is a fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw, which is usually asymptomatic. We report the case of FocCOD in association with recurrent periodontal abscess. A 58-year-old female reported a chief complaint of swelling of gums for 2 months. Periodontal abscess with respect to 35 and 36 tooth regions was noted with no associated tooth mobility. Panoramic view showed extensive generalized horizontal bone loss suggestive of generalized chronic periodontitis. There was a characteristic radio-opaque lesion in relation to apices of 34 and 35. The periodontal abscess was recurrently formed even after repeated scaling, curettage, and antibiotic coverage. The associated teeth were extracted along with the hard tissue mass, and the histopathological examination of the latter revealed FocCOD. This case report intends to highlight the diagnostic dilemma and management of a rare, symptomatic FocCOD associated with recurrent periodontal abscess.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Quantity and Quality of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB
Authors: Verma Rahul , Sharma Priyanka , Negi Gita , Kandwal Abhishek , Chandra Harish
Published: May 2024

Context:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) releases growth factors (GFs) upon activation which accelerates the healing and regeneration in the target tissue. Wider applications of PRP warrant product standardization. PRP compositions may vary according to the patient's demographics and the constituents of PRP.

Aims:

Our study aimed to assess the correlations between age, gender, platelet counts, platelet indices, platelet yield, platelet dose, GF dose, and platelet-derived GF-BB (PDGF-BB) concentration.

Settings and Design:

This was an experimental study done in the Department of Pathology along with the Department of Dentistry at a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Subjects and Methods:

PRP was prepared from 40 ml of whole blood. Platelet counts, platelet indices (LH 750 coulter analyzer, Florida, USA), and PDGF-BB levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Qayee Bio., Ltd, China) were measured. Platelet yield (%), platelet dose (×106), and GF dose (×1012) in PRP were also calculated.

Statistical Analysis Used:

All the parameters were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression. Paired t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used for two-group analysis.

Results:

Mean platelet count, PDGF-BB concentration, platelet yield, platelet dose, and GF dose in PRP were 1317 × 103/mm3, 30 ± 9.89 ng/ml, 71.62 ± 28.34%, 6.5 ± 3.5 × 109, and 159.62 ± 52.39 ng/ml, respectively. PRP platelet counts were positively correlated with PDGF-BB concentration, platelet yield, platelet dose, and GF dose.

Conclusions:

Of all the parameters, PDGF-BB concentration, platelet yield, platelet dose, and GF dose showed a positive correlation with PRP platelet count. Age, gender, and platelet indices had no significant influence.
“First Responder” Bike Ambulance Service in India
Authors: Reddy Mahendra M. , Naik Bijaya Nanda , Selvaraj Kalaiselvi , Kanungo Srikanta , Verma Manisha , Ramalingam Anuvarshini
Published: May 2024

Most of the deaths due to road traffic injuries occur outside the hospital. However, the trauma care system in India is still in the nascent stage to provide emergency prehospital health-care services. The emergency prehospital trauma health-care services are mostly limited to the urban areas in India. The heavy traffic in urban areas, adverse topography, poor health infrastructure, and unavailability of skilled human resources in the rural areas limit the provision of prehospital trauma care services in India by using traditional car ambulance. The bike ambulance service and the first responder seems to complement each other to provide prehospital emergency trauma care services in the every corner of India negotiating the constraints faced by car ambulance services. The bike ambulance service has been started in few cities across few states/union territories in India, but it has a long way to go. Inadequate public funding, lack of guidelines, and skilled workforce form the bottle neck in rolling out of bike ambulance services across India. The government can take the opportunity of the services of vast network of nongovernmental organizations (NGO), self-help groups, youth clubs, and other social organizations to make this initiative an exemplary solution for providing optimum prehospital emergency trauma care services.
Ultra Sound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Perioperative Analgesia in Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Sternal Dehiscence (Type 2b) Patient Posted for Pectoralis Major Flap
Authors: Ramya Bhimala Naga , Ranjan R. V. , Nagalakshmi P. , George Sagiev Koshy
Published: May 2024

Sternal dehiscence is a grave complication after cardiac surgery. Deep sternal dehiscence usually requires debridement and flap coverage as the mainstay of management. The perioperative period is considered very challenging and the anesthetic technique has a direct impact on the risk of perioperative complications. Perioperative pain management is usually carried out with the help of regional anesthetic techniques as they offer various benefits for this patient population, including the provision of high-quality analgesia, reduced requirements for opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and reduced autonomic system activation. Conventionally, regional anesthesia techniques such as epidural and paravertebral blocks have been shown to provide effective analgesia and enhance postoperative recovery. However, these techniques were associated with minimal but unacceptable complications. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a recently described technique providing thoracic analgesia. This is the first case report to our knowledge, which describes the use of ESP block as perioperative analgesic technique for pectoralis flap in a high-risk cardiovascular patient.
Correlates of COVID-19 Incidence
Authors: Haldar Dibakar , Maji Baisakhi , Ray Samir Kumar , Mondal Tanushree , Adhikary Anjan , Pradhan Parthapratim , Burman Debasish Roy
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

The enigma COVID-19 pandemic already involved major parts of globe with toll of 2,074,529 victims and 139,378 deaths from 213 countries/territories as on April 14, 2020. It cripples nations by the loss of human resources, economic decline, hunger, unemployment insecurities giving way to mental morbidities, and still many others to be discovered. Till it completes its trajectory, a systematic investigation, a prerequisite of any epidemic control, is warranted.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey over 2 weeks (April 15, 2020–April 28, 2020) has been conducted at a teaching institution at Kolkata aiming to describe the magnitude, pattern, severity, and correlates of coronavirus pandemic 2020. Data pertaining to COVID-19 cases, deaths of affected countries, and their reported and or potential correlates were retrieved from various public domains, for example, https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports, worldpopulationreview.com, data.worldbank.org.

Results:

Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a maximum R
2 of 32.3% (P = 0.013) with a significant model fit (P = 0.000) for COVID-19 incidence rate per million which is associated positively with the proportion of the urban population (b = 0.024) and the percentage of the population aged 65 years or higher (b = 0.112) and negatively with current universal Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination (b = −1.021) policy of countries.

Conclusion:

Against this viral catastrophe evidence-based classical public health measures are underway. Notwithstanding variations in testing and reporting policy, the findings of this research ignite further study.
Maxillary First and Second Molars Having Unusual Palatal Root Canal Morphology with Spiral Computed Tomography Findings
Authors: Malik Gauri , Manchanda Saru Kumar , Singh Simranjeet , Manchanda Dheeraj
Published: May 2024

A thorough knowledge of the basic root canal anatomy and its variations is necessary for the successful completion of the endodontic treatment. Maxillary first and second molars usually have three roots and three or four canals (two mesiobuccal canals, one distobuccal, and one palatal canal). The incidence of two palatal roots in maxillary molars is quite a rare dental anatomy. The article reports two palatal roots each in maxillary first and second molars found incidentally in two different cases. These cases provide an evidence of variations in the root canals in the palatal root of maxillary first and second molars. Clinicians should thoroughly examine the pulpal floor and radiographs for the possibility of additional canals.
Effect of Hydatid Cyst Antigens Polyspecific Antisera on Breast Cancer Cells (4T1) Growth in Cell Culture Medium
Authors: Darani Hossein Yousofi , Sharafi Seyedeh Maryam
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Hydatid cyst is the Echinococcus granulosus larvae stage and is responsible for echinococcosis. Anticancer effects of hydatid cyst have been shown in human population, experimental animals, and in vitro works. However, the mechanisms of this anticancer activity are not clarified. Hence, in this work, the effect of antisera raised against hydatid cyst antigens on the growth of breast cancer cells has been investigated.

Materials and Methods:

In this experimental study, the various hydatid cyst antigens were prepared. To raise antisera, each of the hydatid cyst antigens (hydatid cyst fluid, germinal and laminated, protoscolex, and excretory-secretory [ES]) and toxoplasma trophozoite were injections to rabbits. The production of specific antibodies in rabbits determinate by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and then, the rabbit's blood was taken, and their sera isolated under the hood in sterile conditions. Before use, all antisera were inactivated at 56°C for half an hour and also placed under ultraviolet light for 20 min to disinfect. Breast cancer cells in the culture medium were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran and growth in CO2 incubator in the Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium. After appropriate, the cells were counted and divided equally in eight-cell culture flasks and treated with different antisera of hydatid cyst. After 32-h incubation, the number of live cells was counted by trypan blue methods and compared with control groups.

Results:

Based on the results of this research, the difference between the number of live cells after treatment with antisera against hydatid cyst fluid, toxoplasma trophozoite, and ES antigen was significantly different from number of cells in flask treated with normal rabbit serum.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, due to the presence of common antigens between parasites and cancer, probably antibodies produced against hydatid cyst antigens may affect the growth of cells in the culture media.
Analysis of Human Discomfort due to Thermal and Respiratory Factors in a Foundry Environment
Authors: Appukutti Shanmuganathan , Sharma Neeta
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The purpose of this article is to analyze subjective self-evaluation of thermal and respiratory discomfort experienced by workers in the foundry industry.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and sixty-one workers aged 18–55 years participated in this study. Discomfort due to high temperatures, hot work, skin rashes, cramps, fatigue, weakness, respiratory problems, and inhalation was subjectively evaluated by the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire is validated, and Cronbach's alpha test and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin's test are applied to ensure data reliability and adequacy.

Results:

The results indicated that the highest and lowest percentage of workers experiencing at least one discomfort is 86% and 4%, respectively. Furthermore, 11 out of 19 discomfort factors scored above the average thermal and respiratory discomfort score of 2.5 on the scale of 5.

Conclusion:

According to this study outcome, more exploration is needed on the relationship among thermal and respiratory discomfort and its effect on the workers in the foundry environment.
Investigation of Temperature Indicators, Thermal Comfort, and Mental Performance Parameters among Taxi Drivers in Winter
Authors: Dabaghi Elahe , Dehghan Habibollah , Shakerian Mahnaz
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Safe driving is influenced by various factors, including the driver's level of cognitive performance and thermal comfort. The aim of this study was to investigate temperature indicators, thermal comfort, and mental function parameters among taxi drivers in winter.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 30 taxi drivers in the morning and evening (8–9AM, 4–6PM). In this study, temperature parameters, including dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity, thermal comfort indices, demographic parameters and cognitive performance parameters, including accuracy, work speed, attention, number of errors, mental fatigue, concentration skills, and auditory short-term memory, were measured. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 26.

Results:

The average dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity inside the cabin in the morning and evening were 23.2%, 22.1%, 22.3%, and 21.3%, respectively. The results showed that the drivers' dissatisfaction with the temperature in the morning and evening shifts was 6% and 5.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the measured parameters in the morning and evening shifts (P > 0.05). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and some cognitive function parameters (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

More than 90% of drivers feel comfortable when the average dry bulb temperature of 22%–23% can be used to adjust the optimal temperature of the cabin vehicle in winter. Age is an effective factor in the cognitive performance of drivers and the cognitive performance of the drivers was not in a favorable condition, which requires further study to investigate the causes of this issue.
Fire Risk Assessment and Educational Intervention in Operating Room Personnel: An Intervention Study in Isfahan Hospitals
Authors: Alizade Mohammadreaz , Ghadami Ahmad , Heidari Zahra , Jalali Mahdi , Habibi Ehsanollah
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on operating room personnel's knowledge of fire factors and lowering the level of fire risk in some selected hospitals in Isfahan city.

Materials and Methods:

This interventional study was conducted on 113 operating room personnel of Isfahan hospitals in Iran. A standard questionnaire (with 28 questions) was employed to assess the level of knowledge of the operating room personnel about the sources of combustion and ways to prevent it. The fire risk assessment method for engineering was employed to assess the fire risk of hospitals, and the risk level was calculated for the building and its contents (R), personnel (R1), and activity risk (R2). SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Forty-eight participants (36.1%) were men, and 85 participants (63.9%) were women. The findings demonstrated that the mean (standard deviation) score of personnel's fire safety knowledge was statistically enhanced before and after the educational intervention (10.62 [3.20] and 15.40 [2.66], respectively (P < 00.01). The findings of the fire risk assessment demonstrated that the risk of personnel has the maximum risk score, which is higher than one in all instances. Following personnel risk, the building and its contents risk had the maximum overall risk score. Following the educational intervention, the findings of the fire risk assessment demonstrated that the overall risk of the building and its contents, the overall risk of personnel, and the overall risk of the activity all reduced from 0.588–0.423, 4.174–3.408, to 0.543–0.498, respectively.

Conclusion:

Proper implementation of educational programs can reduce fire risk while also enhancing personnel knowledge and improving operating room safety. Accordingly, hospitals should incorporate the implementation of educational programs into their routine activities.
Modeling Factors Affecting the Susceptibility of Construction Workers to Accidents using Structural Equation Model
Authors: Safaei Yahya , Dehghan Habibollah , Khorshidikia Samane , Habibi Ehsanollah
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Identifying the factors affecting the susceptibility to accident aiming to reach a better understanding of this phenomenon and review preventive strategies is of the utmost consequence. The present study was carried out with the aim to model the factors affecting the susceptibility of construction workers to an accident using the structural equation model.

Materials and Methods:

This research was of cross-sectional type which was conducted on 200 people in one of the construction sectors in one of the oil refineries from 2020 to 2021. Participants were divided into accident and nonaccident groups. Data were collected using demographic questions contained in 11 questionnaires in three individual, organizational, and social areas. SPSS and PLS-SEM software were also used for statistical analysis and modeling.

Results:

There was a significant relationship between the two groups in the final score of accident susceptibility, individual personality in the field of openness, and safety culture in the field of work environment (P < 0.05). The findings showed that job stress has a direct relationship with accident proneness and individual factors and social factors have an inverse relationship with accident proneness.

Conclusion:

After juxtaposing the data, in addition to identifying people with higher accident susceptibility, it can be concluded that industry managers should take into account the background and influencing factors which affect this variable to lessen the accidents. The managers are also requested to improve working conditions, provide the workers with more training, and examine individual and social factors in addition to taking safety measures.
Investigating the Effects of Different Levels of Lighting on the Attention Index of Male and Female: An Experimental Study
Authors: Mohebian Zohreh , Dehghan Habibollah , Hoseinbore Mohsen
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of lighting on the attention index of males and females under thermal comfort.

Materials and Methods:

To measure the effect of different lighting levels (200, 500, and 1500 lux) on attention index, Toulouse-Piéron Test was conducted in a chamber under thermal comfort condition (22°C, 45% RH). This study was conducted on 33 healthy students (17 males/16 females) with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 22.1 ± 2.3 years. The exposure time was 1.5 h.

Results:

The results indicated that the reduction in lighting level (200 lux) significantly decreased the attention index, speed, and accuracy of performance for both groups; however, this descending trend for the male participants was slightly higher than the female ones (P < 0.05). On the other hand, by increasing the lighting level (500 and 1500 lux), the attention index of the individuals was significantly improved under distracting and busy working environment (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study demonstrated that the female participants showed better performance and lower mistakes in accuracy-demanded tasks. It was also found that, compared to the female participants, the attention level of the male participants was more easily affected. Furthermore, by increasing the lighting level, the distraction level among the female participants was lower than that of the males, and their ability to do dual tasks was significantly enhanced.
The Protective Potency of Medemia argun (an Egyptian palm) Against Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury Induced by Gamma Radiation in Rats
Authors: Abdel-Alim Mohamed Ebrahim , Moussa H.R. , El-Saied Fathy A. , Abd-Allah Moataz Ahmed , Salim Nesrein Saad
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Radiation affects all biological processes in the human body. Medemia argun(an Egyptian palm) is a mysterious plant from southern Egypt. In ancient Egypt, MA dried dates have been found in the famed tomb of Tutankhamun. Globally, this is the first study to look at the metabolomics and biological efficiency of Medemia argun(MA) in mitigating the risks of γ-irradiation.

Materials and Methods:

Rats were subjected to a single dose of γ-irradiation (6 Gy) for the whole body and injected intraperitoneally with or without MA ethanolic seed extract (200 mg/kg b. wt.). We studied the LD50 of MA ethanolic seed extract in vivo using male rats, liver function, antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) to assess the biological functions and beneficial effects of the MA seed's ethanolic extract in reducing the γ-irradiation risks in rats. Also, DNA fragmentation was investigated via a Comet assay. Histopathological examinations were also performed. In addition, phytochemical analysis for MA was conducted.

Results:

The obtained results showed that 200 mg/kg b. wt. of MA ethanolic seed's extract is the recommended dose. γ-radiation increased DNA fragmentation, NO, MDA, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver function. Furthermore, there is a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes, T. protein, and albumin. Conversely, MA (200 mg/kg b. wt.) treatment for 6 weeks effectively reflects most of the altered measurements induced by γ-radiation. Furthermore, histopathological examinations revealed that γ-radiation causes significant deleterious changes in the structure of liver tissue, whereas MA treatment preserves the cellular structure of the liver without the appearance of any changes.

Conclusions:

Our results showed that MA can be used as a healthy food during radiotherapy as a natural therapeutic drug due to its valuable nutritional benefits, safe nature, and low cost.
Role of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors in Causing Frequent Floods in Assam, India: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sankam Joshitha , Rao Arathi P. , Sumit Kumar , Tiwari Rajnarayan Ramshankar
Published: May 2024

Assam is a state in Northeast India facing floods every year which leads to human misery and devastation of nature. The objective of this review is to explore the natural and anthropogenic factors causing flood in Assam over a period of 11 years. The SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies in Assam. The outcome of interest was to identify the natural and anthropogenic factors that contributed to the occurrence of floods in Assam from 2010 to 2020. Data were charted and reported in accordance with the “PRISMA guidelines.” From 1582 screened citations, 54 articles went under full-text screening, among which 35 studies were eligible for this review. Rainfall events, climate change, urbanization, deforestation, improper drainage and embankment construction contributed most. This review concludes that anthropogenic factors outweigh the natural factors for flood occurrence in Assam.
Designing, Manufacturing, and Evaluating the Performance of Active Liquid Cooling Vest in Hot Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Dehghani Elaheh , Dehghan Habibollah
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The present study aims to design, manufacture, and evaluate the performance of an active liquid cooling vest (ALCV) to control the heat strain in hot laboratory conditions.

Materials and Methods:

An ALCV was designed with a cold liquid circulation system in tubes embedded inside the vest. A performance of ALCV in the hot laboratory conditions with an average temperature of 38.5°C and relative humidity of 40% was done with ALCV and none-ALCV (NALCV). Parameters such as heart rate, oral temperature (OT), thermal sensation (TS), perceived exertion (PE), and chest temperature (CT), forehead temperature (FT), and scapula temperature (ST) were measured. Paired t-test was used to compare the average of the data.

Results:

The results illustrated that the difference between the average temperature of the ST and CT with ALCV and NALCV, it was 2°C ± 0.5°C. There was a statistically significant difference between the average PE and TS in two testing conditions (P < 0.05). Paired t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the average FT and OT in the two testing conditions (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Due to the positive effects of the designed ALCV in reducing skin temperature, heat sensation, and PE, this cooling vest can be used as a useful and cost-effective solution to reduce the level of heat strain in hot environments.
A case of primary adrenal insufficiency unfolding itself as a genetic syndrome
Authors: Garg Nancy , Mudraje Sriram , Jindal Sushil , Khare Jaideep , Bansal Shaifali
Published: May 2024

Addison disease can occur at any age but most often presents during the second or third decades of life. An 11-year-old male child presented to us with complaints of pigmentation of the skin, decreased appetite, and weight loss from the last 1 year. He also had visual disturbances and learning disabilities from last 6 months. Investigations revealed the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and neuroimaging done was suggestive of diffuse demyelination. For further confirmation, a blood sample was sent for determination of very long chain fatty acids, which revealed accumulation of C26 fatty acids, thus confirming the diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy. He was treated with hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone, and anti-oxidants and was referred for bone marrow transplantation. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disease, so a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose it in cases presenting primarily with non-neurological symptoms.
Rehabilitation using semi-precision attachment in fixed partial denture
Authors: Kalra Ashish , Roy Chowdhury S K , Nandi A K
Published: May 2024

The desire to balance between functional stability and cosmetic appeal in partial dentures gave rise to the development of precision attachments, since then, precision attachments have always been surrounded by an aura of mystery. A 35-year-old patient reported a chief complaint of missing upper anterior teeth and wants their replacement. Examination revealed the congenitally missing first and second premolars in the maxillary arch bilaterally, and canines were at first premolar place, which were brought there orthodontically. The patient was planned for 5-unit fixed partial denture from lateral incisor to first molar with semi-precision attachment distal to canine bilaterally, and canines were decided to be converted into the first premolar bilaterally. In this case, it was decided to use the semi-precision attachment and it was procured from Sterngold company, USA. Semi-precision attachments are used to reduce the detrimental stresses and excessive torque on pier abutment, thereby maintaining its health. The decision to use precision attachments in partial denture design should be carefully considered. It is alright to consider such sophistication where the facilities for this precise laboratory work and knowledge of using semi-precision attachment are available.
Lithium disilicate (IPS” e.Max computer-aided design) veneers for the esthetic rehabilitation in a young adolescent
Authors: Tyagi Rishi , Kalra Namita , Khatri Amit , Yangdol Padma , Goyal Tavisha , Sabherwal Puja
Published: May 2024

Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of enamel wherein the patients often present with esthetic concerns. Previously available approaches for the management of dental fluorosis included composite restoration, microabrasion, bleaching, resin infiltration and/or use of full crowns. For young permanent teeth, it is desirable to follow a treatment plan that efficiently addresses both anatomic and esthetic concerns. Keeping in mind, a minimally invasive approach, lithium disilicate in its modern formulations (IPSTM e.Max CAD) fabricates thin veneers with 0.1–0.7 mm thickness with greater fracture toughness and biaxial strength. Lithium disilicate has high esthetic properties, and the material requires minimal tooth preparation. The advent of newer technology has led to a period of evolution with esthetic dentistry leading the forefront. The present report elucidates a novel approach depicting the use of maximal esthetics (E-Max) lithium disilicate veneers in a young adolescent with moderate fluorosis to provide a minimally invasive esthetic outcome with 6 months' follow-up.
Effectiveness of Meditation-based Interventions on Health Problems Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic: Narrative Review
Authors: Tseng Ampere A.
Published: May 2024

This article provides a quantitative review of the potential applications of meditation-based interventions (MBIs) in addressing the major health issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. The review assesses the effectiveness of MBIs on five prevalent disorders during the pandemic, namely depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and long COVID. This is achieved by selecting and scrutinizing seven studies that involve various types of online randomized controlled trials and utilize control group outcomes for effectiveness evaluation. The findings reveal a significant impact of MBIs on overall distress disorder, encompassing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, with effectiveness ranging from 20.5% to 68.8%. The interventions also show moderate effectiveness on insomnia disorder with improvements between 5.2% and 38.5%. However, the effectiveness on long COVID disorder presents a mixed picture, with improvements varying from 0.0% to 71.2% across 13 related symptoms or qualities examined. This review offers compelling evidence supporting the effectiveness of MBIs in alleviating these five prevalent disorders resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Study to Evaluate the Effect of a Combined Approach of Yoga and Diet in High-risk Cardiovascular Subjects
Authors: Rao Aayushee , Kacker Sudhanshu , Saboo Neha
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, congenital heart disease, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess cardiovascular risk factors and evaluate the effectiveness of combined approach of yoga and diet in reducing cardiovascular risk factors among high-risk subjects.

Materials and Methods:

This interventional study was conducted at RUHS College of Medical Sciences and Associated Hospitals, Jaipur, on the high-risk population of either sex in the age group of 40–70 years. QRISK3 web calculator was used as the method of measurement for outcome of interest. The combined approach of yoga intervention includes yogic asanas and pranayamas and dietary modification.

Results:

This study compared physiological parameters (blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile) at baseline, three months and six months after yoga and diet intervention in participants who were at high-risk of cardiovascular disease development in future and were found to be having significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (P=0.000), fasting blood glucose (P=0.000), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (P=0.011), total cholesterol-high density lipoprotein ratio (P=0.000), low density lipoprotein (P=0.009), triglyceride (P=0.034), and QRISK3 Score (P=0.000) after combined approach of yoga and diet.

Conclusions:

This study concluded that the short-term combined approach of yoga-based life-style intervention and diet reduced cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at high-risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Pneumomediastinum in COVID Era: A case series
Authors: Dutta Kashish , Aggarwal Deepak , Sodhi Mandeep , Jaggi Surabhi , Saini Varinder
Published: May 2024

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are uncommon complications seen in COVID −19 patients that tend to worsen their prognosis. Being a new disease, management of this new complication of this disease is not well defined in the literature. We present a case series of six patients of probable/confirmed COVID who developed pneumomediastinum at varied time intervals from the onset of symptoms. Timely recognition and management led to recovery in all of them. Management done in this case series may help in providing data to formulate treatment guidelines for this potentially fatal disease.
A case of primary sternal tuberculosis mimicking a lytic bone tumor lesion of anterior chest wall
Authors: Kaur Harveen , Arora Janu , Kajal NC , Singh Dilbag
Published: May 2024

Primary tuberculous osteomyelitis of the sternum is a rare entity, accounting for only 1 to 3% of cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB). It usually presents in young patients as a localized swelling, with a discharging sinus tract, and is accompanied by one of the systemic symptoms in the form of fever, night sweats, weight loss, or anorexia. Due to its atypical presentation, it poses a diagnostic challenge. We report the case of a 37-year-old female with primary sternal TB mimicking a lytic bone tumor lesion of the anterior chest wall.
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity rate and predictor factors for RT-PCR results in COVID-19 disease
Authors: Badoglu Melike , Gulgosteren Sevtap , Atikcan Sukran
Published: May 2024

Background/Aim:In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified and caused the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. The gold standard diagnostic method is the detection of nucleic acid in respiratory tract samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). But there might be false-negative results. The aim of this retrospective study was to find the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity rate in patients hospitalized due to viral pneumonia consistent with COVID-19 disease and to find predictor factors for RT-PCR results.Materials and methods:Adult (≥18 years of age) patients hospitalized due to viral pneumonia consistent with COVID-19 were enrolled.Results:One hundred ninety-one patients were enrolled in the study. Sixty six (34.6%) were female, and 125 (65.4%) were male. The mean age was 59.7. The RT-PCR positivity rate was 11.5%. Smoking status, confirmed fever, bronchial changes, left lower lobe involvement, and ≥3 affected lobes in CT, leukopenia, high PCT level, and <3 RT-PCR examinations per patient were found to be independent factors for the PCR result (P< 0.05).Conclusion:We found independent predictors for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity and negativity in viral pneumonia consistent with COVID-19. Despite false negative results, COVID-19 patients could be diagnosed with the help of clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings.
Right upper lobe agenesis associated with dextroposition of heart and ectopic kidney in an adult patient attending pulmonary medicine outpatient department: A rare case report from South India
Authors: Jith Jisna , K Shyam , K Ayana , Raykar Priyadarshini S.
Published: May 2024

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly that results from the unsuccessful growth of the primitive lung buds. A case of lung agenesis was first reported in 1673 during an autopsy. Pulmonary agenesis includes agenesis, aplasia, and hypoplasia as the three most common types. The survival rate is <50% by the age of 5 years in case of agenesis. Fifty percent of the cases of lung agenesis are associated with various congenital defects such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, skeletal, Down syndrome, and Klippel–Feil syndrome.

Here is the case of a 28-year-old male who presented with on-and-off cough and dyspnea for 3 years. On systemic examination, the patient had signs suggestive of loss of right lung volume. Chest x-ray showed right side volume loss with ipsilateral mediastinal shift with compensatory hyperinflation of the left lung. Computed tomography (CT) thorax with abdomen was suggestive of dextroposition with absent right upper lobe parenchyma, right upper lobe bronchus, right upper lobe artery, and superior pulmonary vein with the absence of hemiazygos vein with ectopic left kidney in the pelvis. Early identification of pulmonary agenesis is vital in preventing fibrosis in patients with unilateral lungs which might develop as a result of recurrent chest infections. Caution and vigilance will lead to a good prognosis.
Barriers for Regular Yoga Practice among Adult Population of India
Authors: Verma Anita , Shete Sanjay Uddhav
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The prevalence of physical inactivity is growing at an alarming rate and is strongly associated with metabolic disorders. While the health consequences of physical inactivity are well-documented, identifying the factors which lead to physical inactivity in individuals is an important step. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the most common barriers in regular yoga practice.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 644 adult participants from Pune district, Maharashtra, India, during the International Day of Yoga celebration. The survey questionnaire was written in both English and Marathi. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, i.e., sociodemographic details and the most common reason for not being able to practice yoga regularly.

Results:

The results showed that physical illness was more common in females (n = 35, 29.7%) than males (n = 25, 6.1%). Not finding correct yoga teacher and lack of clarity regarding yoga was also found to be the most common barriers in females as compared to males. A greater proportion of females (n = 62, 52.5%) were unable to do yoga regularly due to other priorities. Other common factors which limited most of the participants from practicing yoga regularly were varying eating times, lack of motivation, and doubt regarding yoga benefits. The percentage of other barriers for practicing yoga regularly was negligible.

Conclusions:

The results of this study concluded that there are eight most common barriers for practicing yoga regularly among the study participants.
Handgrip Muscle Strength – Its Association with Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Bhattacharjya Jolly , Goswami Bobyjeet
Published: May 2024

Background:

Blood pressure, an important physiological parameter, indicates a health hazard when its level increases beyond the standard reference level. Various exercise modules are prescribed for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, but questions have been raised on the beneficial effect of isometric weight training exercises on blood pressure. An important biomarker to assess muscle fitness is handgrip muscle strength. The association of handgrip muscle strength with different physiological parameters and diseases has already been established. However, the consistent result on the relationship between handgrip muscle strength and blood pressure is not available.

Aim and Objective:

The aim of the study is to find the relationship between handgrip muscle strength and endurance with blood pressure, if any, in healthy young individuals.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, muscle strength and endurance were measured using a handgrip dynamometer, and blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer following the standard procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the association. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In this study, 80 volunteers participated. We found a positive correlation between muscle strength with systolic blood pressure and a negative correlation with diastolic blood pressure. We had not found any correlation between muscle endurance with any component of blood pressure.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded from this study that with the increase in muscle strength, there is an increase in systolic blood pressure. Hence, exercises must be prescribed with caution.
Lessons Learned from the First and Second Wave of COVID-19 Disease Pandemic in India!
Authors: Patil Shital , Acharya Abhijit , Narwade Ganesh
Published: May 2024

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease with variable effect on lung parenchyma, airways, and vasculature leading to long-term effects on lung functions. Although the lung is the primary target organ involvement in COVID-19, many patients were shown pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of diseases variably during the first and second wave, which occurred as resultant pathophysiological effects of immune activation pathway and direct virus-induced lung damage.