bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of high-sensitivity La-doped ZnO sensors for CO2 gas detection at room temperature
Authors: Abdelkarem Khaled , Saad Rana , El Sayed Adel M. , Fathy M. I. , Shaban Mohamed , Hamdy Hany
Published: October 2023

For the sake of people's health and the safety of the environment, more efforts should be directed towards the fabrication of gas sensors that can operate effectively at room temperature (RT). In this context, increased attention has been paid to developing gas sensors based on rare-earth (RE)-doped transparent conducting oxides (TCO). In this report, lanthanum-doped zinc oxide (La-doped ZnO) films were fabricated by sol–gel and spin-coating techniques. XRD analysis revealed the hexagonal structure of the ZnO films, with preferred growth along the (002) direction. The crystallite size was decreased from 33.21 to 26.41 nm with increasing La content to 4.0 at.%. The UV–vis–NIR indicating that the films are highly transparent (˃ 80%), La-doping increased the UV blocking ability of the films and narrowed the optical band gap (Eg) from 3.275 to 3.125 eV. Additionally, La-doping has influenced the refractive index of the samples. Gas sensing measurements were performed at ambient temperature (30 °C) and a relative humidity (RH) of 30%, employing different flow rates of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas used synthetically with air. Among the evaluated sensors, the ZnO: 4.0 at.% La sensor exhibited the most significant gas response, with a value of 114.22%. This response was observed when the sensor was subjected to a flow rate of 200 SCCM of CO2 gas. Additionally, the sensor revealed a response time of 24.4 s and a recovery time of 44 s. The exceptional performance exhibited by the sensor makes it very appropriate for a wide range of industrial applications. Additionally, we assessed the effect of humidity, selectivity, reusability, repeatability, detection limit, and limit of quantification.
The diagnostic value of dual-layer CT in the assessment of lymph nodes in lymphoma patients with PET/CT as a reference standard
Authors: Tan Zhengwu , Mei Heng , Qin Chunxia , Zhang Xiao , Yang Ming , Zhang Lan , Wang Jing
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of dual-layer CT (DLCT) for the identification of positive lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with lymphoma and retrospectively included 1165 LNs obtained by biopsy from 78 patients with histologically proven lymphoma, who underwent both pretreatment DLCT and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). According to 18F-FDG PET/CT findings as a reference standard, cases were categorized into the LN-negative and LN-positive groups. LNs were then randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3 into the training (n = 809) and validation (n = 356) cohorts. The patients’ clinical characteristics and quantitative parameters including spectral curve slope (λHU), iodine concentration (IC) on arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) images were compared between the LN-negative and LN-positive groups using Chi-square test, t-test or Mann–Whitney U test for categorical variables or quantitative parameters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with tenfold cross-validation was performed to establish the most efficient predictive model in the training cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the predictive model, and differences in AUC were determined by the DeLong test. Moreover, the predictive model was validated in the validation cohort. Repeatability analysis was performed for LNs using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). In the training cohort, long diameter (LD) had the highest AUC as an independent factors compared to other parameter in differentiating LN positivity from LN negativity (p = 0.006 to p < 0.001), and the AUC of predictive model jointly involving LD and λHU-AP was significantly elevated (AUC of 0.816, p < 0.001). While the AUC of predictive model in the validation cohort was 0.786. Good to excellent repeatability was observed for all parameters (ICC > 0.75). The combination of DLCT with morphological and functional parameters may represent a potential imaging biomarker for detecting LN positivity in lymphoma.
Electric field tuning of a nickel zinc ferrite resonator by non-linear magnetoelectric effects
Authors: Popov Maksym , Machi Alexander , Inman Jerad , Bidthanapally Rao , Saha Sujoy , Qu Hongwei , Jain Menka , Page Michael R. , Srinivasan Gopalan
Published: October 2023

The nature of nonlinear magnetoelectric (NLME) effect has been investigated at room-temperature in a single-crystal Zn substituted nickel ferrite. Tuning of the frequency of magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) modes under an applied pulsed DC electric field/current has been utilized to probe the effect. The frequencies of the modes at 8–20 GHz were found to decrease by ~ 400 MHz for an applied DC power P of ~ 100 mW and the frequency shift was the same for all of the MSSW modes and linearly proportional to P. A model is proposed for the effect and the NLME phenomenon was interpreted in terms of a reduction in the saturation magnetization due to the DC current. The decrease of magnetization with applied electric power, estimated from data on mode frequency versus P, was − 2.50 G/mW. The frequency tuning efficiency of the MSSW modes due to NLME effects in the ferrite resonator was found to be 4.1 MHz/mW which is an order of magnitude higher than the shift reported for M-type strontium and barium hexaferrite resonators investigated earlier. The spinel ferrite resonator discussed here has the potential for miniature, electric field tunable, planar microwave devices for the 8–20 GHz frequency range.
Insights into next generation sequencing guided antibody selection strategies
Authors: Erasmus M. Frank , Ferrara Fortunato , D’Angelo Sara , Spector Laura , Leal-Lopes Camila , Teixeira André A. , Sørensen Jesper , Nagpal Suhani , Perea-Schmittle Kathryn , Choudhary Alok , Honnen William , Calianese David , Antonio Rodriguez Carnero Luis , Cocklin Simon , Greiff Victor , Pinter Abraham , Bradbury Andrew R. M.
Published: October 2023

Therapeutic antibody discovery often relies on in-vitro display methods to identify lead candidates. Assessing selected output diversity traditionally involves random colony picking and Sanger sequencing, which has limitations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a cost-effective solution with increased read depth, allowing a comprehensive understanding of diversity. Our study establishes NGS guidelines for antibody drug discovery, demonstrating its advantages in expanding the number of unique HCDR3 clusters, broadening the number of high affinity antibodies, expanding the total number of antibodies recognizing different epitopes, and improving lead prioritization. Surprisingly, our investigation into the correlation between NGS-derived frequencies of CDRs and affinity revealed a lack of association, although this limitation could be moderately mitigated by leveraging NGS clustering, enrichment and/or relative abundance across different regions to enhance lead prioritization. This study highlights NGS benefits, offering insights, recommendations, and the most effective approach to leverage NGS in therapeutic antibody discovery.
A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for a vehicle scheduling problem with soft time windows
Authors: Qiao Jinwei , Li Shuzan , Liu Ming , Yang Zhi , Chen Jun , Liu Pengbo , Li Huiling , Ma Chi
Published: October 2023

This article constructed a vehicle scheduling problem (VSP) with soft time windows for a certain ore company. VSP is a typical NP-hard problem whose optimal solution can not be obtained in polynomial time, and the basic particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm has the obvious shortcoming of premature convergence and stagnation by falling into local optima. Thus, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) was proposed in this paper for the numerical calculation to overcome the characteristics of the optimization problem such as: multiple constraints and NP-hard. The algorithm introduced the “elite reverse” strategy into population initialization, proposed an improved adaptive strategy by combining the subtraction function and “ladder strategy” to adjust inertia weight, and added a “jump out” mechanism to escape local optimal. Thus, the proposed algorithm can realize an accurate and rapid solution of the algorithm’s global optimization. Finally, this article made typical benchmark functions experiment and vehicle scheduling simulation to verify the algorithm performance. The experimental results of typical benchmark functions proved that the search accuracy and performance of the MPSO algorithm are superior to other algorithms: the basic PSO, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), and the chaotic PSO (CPSO). Besides, the MPSO algorithm can improve an ore company’s profit by 48.5–71.8% compared with the basic PSO in the vehicle scheduling simulation.
Polygonum barbatum extract reduces colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via YAP and β-catenin pathway regulation
Authors: Chang Pi-Kai , Yen I-Chuan , Tsai Wei-Cheng , Lee Shih-Yu
Published: October 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide with novel therapeutic developmental challenges. Polygonum barbatum has anticancer potential, but its mechanism(s) are unclear. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of P. barbatum on human CRC cells. Polygonum barbatum extract (PBE) and quercetin standard HPLC fingerprints were determined using analytical RP-HPLC and evaluations were completed using the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 (KRASG13D mutation) and HT-29 (BRAF mutation) cells. Post-PBE treatment, cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as changes in the whole-transcriptome of cells were analyzed. PBE significantly reduced CRC cell growth, migration, and invasion, and the genes responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell motility, and cell growth were suppressed by PBE. The differentially expressed genes revealed that PBE treatment exerted a significant effect on the ECM interaction and focal adhesion pathways. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, N-cadherin, vimentin, SLUG, and SNAIL, were shown to be regulated by PBE. These effects were associated with blockade of the Yes-associated protein and the GSK3β/β-catenin axis. PBE exerts a significant inhibitory effect on CRC cells and may be applicable in clinical trials.
A detailed study on genetic diversity, antioxidant machinery, and expression profile of drought-responsive genes in rice genotypes exposed to artificial osmotic stress
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bijoya , Ali Akib , Rangappa Krishnappa , Choudhury Burhan U. , Mishra V. K.
Published: October 2023

Seasonal variations in rainfall patterns, particularly during sowing, early growing season, and flowering, drastically affect rice production in northeastern India. However, sensitivity to drought stress is genotype-specific. Since 80% of the land in this region is used for rice production, it is crucial to understand how they have adapted to water stress. This study evaluated 112 rice genotypes grown in NE India for seed germination percentage and seedling development under PEG-mediated drought stress. Among the rice genotype, Sahbhagi dhan, RCPL-1-82, Bhalum-3 and RCPL-1-128 showed drought-tolerant traits, while Ketaki Joha, Chakhao, Chandan, RCPL-1-185 and IR-64 were the most drought-sensitive rice genotypes. Drought-tolerant rice also showed significantly higher seed germination potential, proline content, antioxidant activity and expression of drought-responsive genes than drought-sensitive rice genotypes. A similar expression pattern of genes was also observed in the rice genotype treated with a 50% water deficit in pot culture. In addition, drought stress reduced the pollen fertility and yield per plant in sensitive rice genotypes. Molecular markers associated with drought stress were also used to characterize genetic diversity among the rice genotypes studied.
Superlensing enables radio communication and imaging underwater
Authors: Smolyaninov Igor I. , Balzano Quirino , Barry Mark , Young Dendy
Published: October 2023

Wireless radio communications provide a backbone to our technological civilization. However, radio communications are widely believed to be impossible in many situations where radios are surrounded by conductive media, such as underwater or underground, thus making ocean exploration difficult and creating well-known mine safety problems. In addition, since most imaging techniques rely on electromagnetic waves, the difficulty of electromagnetic wave propagation through biological tissues, which are mostly made of water, also severely limits bioimaging. Here we show that contrary to common beliefs, radio signals may be efficiently propagated through water over useful distances. Both radio communication and radio imaging through water may be enabled by superlensing of surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the water surface. We have demonstrated underwater radio communication over distances of several hundred skin depth in the MHz frequency range, which would require sensitivity below 10−100 W in a conventional radio communication channel. We also demonstrated subwavelength super-resolution radio imaging in the GHz range by using water surface as a superlens. Our results indicate new ways to perform bioimaging, as well as marine life safe techniques of wireless radio communication and imaging underwater, which are essential for ocean and seafloor exploration. We also anticipate that the developed techniques will provide invaluable means of studying the extraterrestrial water worlds, such as potentially inhabitable Jovian moons.
Learning inverse kinematics using neural computational primitives on neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Zhao Jingyue , Monforte Marco , Indiveri Giacomo , Bartolozzi Chiara , Donati Elisa
Published: October 2023

Current low-latency neuromorphic processing systems hold great potential for developing autonomous artificial agents. However, the variable nature and low precision of the underlying hardware substrate pose severe challenges for robust and reliable performance. To address these challenges, we adopt hardware-friendly processing strategies based on brain-inspired computational primitives, such as triplet spike-timing dependent plasticity, basal ganglia-inspired disinhibition, and cooperative-competitive networks and apply them to motor control. We demonstrate this approach by presenting an example of robust online motor control using a hardware spiking neural network implemented on a mixed-signal neuromorphic processor, trained to learn the inverse kinematics of a two-joint robotic arm. The final system is able to perform low-latency control robustly and reliably using noisy silicon neurons. The spiking neural network, trained to control two joints of the iCub robot arm simulator, performs a continuous target-reaching task with 97.93% accuracy, 33.96 ms network latency, 102.1 ms system latency, and with an estimated power consumption of 26.92 μW during inference (control). This work provides insights into how specific computational primitives used by real neural systems can be applied to neuromorphic computing for solving real-world engineering tasks. It represents a milestone in the design of end-to-end spiking robotic control systems, relying on event-driven sensory encoding, neuromorphic processing, and spiking motor control.
Advancing diagnostic efficacy using a computer vision-assisted lateral flow assay for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 detection
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Yoo Yong Kyoung , Han Sung Il , Lee Dongho , Cho Sung-Yeon , Park Chulmin , Lee Dongtak , Yoon Dae Sung , Lee Jeong Hoon
Published: October 2023

The use of computer vision-assisted LFA readers and smartphones demonstrated an increase in the sensitivity (LOD) and enhancement in R2 values.
Excited-state relaxation mechanisms of 2,2′-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)diphenol: single- or double-proton transfer?
Authors: Wu Jiahui , He Jihuan , Wang Wei , Chen Xiaohang , Xia Shu-Hua
Published: October 2023

The combined electronic structure calculations and non-adiabatic surface-hopping dynamics simulations were performed to illuminate the excited-state relaxation mechanism of ExPh molecule.
Evolution of local edge state braiding and spin topological transport characterization of Te-doped monolayer 1T′-MoS2
Authors: Cheng Qian , Yan Zhengxin , Song Wei , Kong Juntao , Li Dongxin , Xu Wuyue , Xie You , Liang Xingkun , Zhao Zehua
Published: October 2023

Our study explores spin transport in a MoS1.75Te0.25 matrix, and find two types of fractional braidings in surface states: “diamond” and “tropical fish”, offering prospects for topological quantum computing.
Enhancing the zircon yield through the addition of calcium phosphates into ZrO2–SiO2 binary systems: synthesis and structural, morphological, mechanical and in vitro analysis
Authors: Manivannan Ezhilan , Govindharaj Poornima , Gupta Somlee , Dhayalan Arunkumar , Kannan S.
Published: October 2023

The crystallization of ZrSiO4 is generally accomplished by the addition of mineralizers into ZrO2–SiO2 binary oxides.
Exploring the effect of pore size on the activity of superoxide dismutase mimics immobilized in mesoporous spherical silica particles
Authors: Patriarca Matías , Lombardelli Marcelo , Pellegri Nora , Daier Verónica , Signorella Sandra R.
Published: October 2023

The close fitting of the small pores of mesoporous spherical silica particles (MSSP) to the catalyst dimensions improves the stability of the encapsulated complexes and increases up to ten times their superoxide dismutase activity.
Impact of N-donor auxiliary ligands on three new Co(ii)-based coordination polymers with symmetrical tetracarboxylate ligands: a magnetism study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Qin Tianrui , Xiang Ruifang , Dong Xiuyan , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Muddassir Mohd. , Pan Ying
Published: October 2023

Three new Co(ii) coordination polymers (1–3) have been successfully synthesized. 1 and 3 display a 3D framework with (4,6)-connected CrB-type topology, 2 displays a 1D chain. 1–3 all have antiferromagnetic interactions in the Co(ii) unit.
Correction: Microwave-assisted chemoselective synthesis and photophysical properties of 2-arylazo-biphenyl-4-carboxamides from hydrazonals
Authors: Alazemi Abdulrahman M. , Dawood Kamal M. , Al-Matar Hamad M. , Tohamy Wael M.
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Microwave-assisted chemoselective synthesis and photophysical properties of 2-arylazo-biphenyl-4-carboxamides from hydrazonals’ by Abdulrahman M. Alazemi et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 25054–25068. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra04558g
Correction: Investigation of support effects during ethanol steam reforming over a Ni/sepiolite catalyst
Authors: Zhurka Marinela D. , Anderson James A. , McCue Alan J. , Lemonidou Angeliki A. , Kechagiopoulos Panagiotis N.
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Investigation of support effects during ethanol steam reforming over a Ni/sepiolite catalyst’ by Marinela D. Zhurka et al., React. Chem. Eng., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RE00181D.
Unlocking the potential of ketocoumarins: efficient photosensitizers for sustainable light driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Knorr Gergely , Hotzel Konrad , Chettri Avinash , Skabeev Artem , Wächtler Maria , Dietzek-Ivanšić Benjamin , Peneva Kalina
Published: October 2023

In this study, we explore the untapped potential of ketocoumarins as photosensitizers for light driven hydrogen evolution.
Operando scanning electrochemical microscopic investigation and visualization of NRR-HER competition in electrochemical NH3 synthesis
Authors: Gupta Divyani , Kafle Alankar , Singh Man , Dahare Devyani , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: October 2023

Operando-SECM investigations are utilised for the first time to study the NRR-HER competition during NH3 synthesis over Cu-Ni4B3 catalyst with high notable NRR activity (F.E.: 43.42%; yield rate: 684 μgNH3 h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.3 V in 0.1 M H2SO4).
Surface engineering of a superamphiphilic, self-growing fibrous Janus membrane prepared from mycelium
Authors: Cavalcante Joyce , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: October 2023

Fully biobased and self-growing Janus membrane without additives or blending. Interface design enabling mycelium growth and facile harvesting. Exploitation of hydrophobins for Janus membranes. Membrane contactor was leveraged to grow mycelium.
A dual organelle-targeting photosensitizer based on curcumin for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Yanping , Li Xuewei , Liu Weimin , Sha Jie , Yu Zhe , Wang Shuai , Ren Haohui , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun-Sing , Wang Pengfei
Published: October 2023

A curcumin-based photosensitizer, CN, can specifically target lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) simultaneously, which can enhance PDT effect of CN due to apoptosis by destroying the ER and ferroptosis by oxidizing PUFAs in LDs.
White light emitting diodes with a high colour rendering index of 98.3 using blue emissive carbon dots
Authors: Zhou Lu , Wang Huiyong , Yu Hongmei , Amador Eric , Xue Jiajia , Wang Shaoyan , Chen Wei
Published: October 2023

High color rendering index WLEDs using high quantum yield blue carbon dot-based phosphors prepared under UV chip excitation.
An Al3+-incorporated Ca2LuNbO6:Mn4+ oxide phosphor with dramatic deep-red and far-red emission bands
Authors: Wu Jiayue , Yin Ziqing , Shi Shikao , Fu Lianshe
Published: October 2023

The incorporation of Al3+ into the Ca2LuNbO6:Mn4+ phosphor resulted in a dramatic enhancement of both the deep-red and far-red emission bands, and the phosphor shows significant potential for application in plant cultivation lighting.
BaO–TeO2–MoO3 glass: excellent candidate for acousto-optic modulators with high diffraction efficiency, fast response, and stable operation
Authors: Hu Fuai , Guo Feifei , Wang Zheng , Tao Xutang , Gao Zeliang
Published: October 2023

A novel tellurate glass with excellent acousto-optic properties has been prepared and can be used in the preparation of acousto-optic modulators with high diffraction efficiency and fast response.
Smooth kinematic and metallicity gradients reveal that the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster and disc might be part of the same structure
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Schödel R. , Sormani M. C. , de Lorenzo-Cáceres A. , Mastrobuono-Battisti A. , Schultheis M. , Neumayer N. , Rich R. M. , Nieuwmunster N.
Published: October 2023

Context.The innermost regions of most galaxies are characterised by the presence of extremely dense nuclear star clusters. Nevertheless, these clusters are not the only stellar component present in galactic nuclei, where larger stellar structures known as nuclear stellar discs, have also been found. Understanding the relation between nuclear star clusters and nuclear stellar discs is challenging due to the large distance towards other galaxies which limits their analysis to integrated light. The Milky Way’s centre, at only ∼8 kpc, hosts a nuclear star cluster and a nuclear stellar disc, constituting a unique template to understand their relation and formation scenario.

Aims.We aim to study the kinematics and stellar metallicity of stars from the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster and disc to shed light on the relation between these two Galactic centre components.

Methods.We used publicly available photometric, proper motions, and spectroscopic catalogues to analyse a region of ∼2.8′×4.9′ centred on the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster. We built colour magnitude diagrams, and applied colour cuts to analyse the kinematic and metallicity distributions of Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster and disc stars with different extinction, along the line of sight.

Results.We detect kinematic and metallicity gradients for the analysed stars along the line of sight towards the Milky Way’s nuclear star cluster, suggesting a smooth transition between the nuclear stellar disc and cluster. We also find a bi-modal metallicity distribution for all the analysed colour bins, which is compatible with previous work on the bulk population of the nuclear stellar disc and cluster. Our results suggest that these two Galactic centre components might be part of the same structure with the Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disc being the grown edge of the nuclear star cluster.
Study on the Calculation Method of Green GDP to Measure the Economic Health
Authors: Zhong Yixin , Tian Zhanpeng , Zhu Yuxuan
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the replacement of conventional GDP with green GDP (GGDP) as the main measure of economic health. Based on data on annual average temperature, annual precipitation, annual sunshine hours and annual average relative humidity for country C over the past decade, a multiple regression model is used to demonstrate that the linear effect of GGDP is positive for green growth. Further considering the differences in economic power between developed, developing and lagging countries, an infinite iterative game model of green GDP and conventional GDP is constructed based on the mutual constraints of long-term and short-term interests. Finally, considering the resistance to replacing GDP with green GDP, and in order to fully reflect the tortuous and complex relationship between climate change and social costs, an integrated model that will be embedded in the economic system, the DICE-2013R model, is constructed in order to achieve a shift from a single energy model to an integrated climate model. Normalising the data based on the model calcglobal scale.
Research progress on antibiotic removal process in wastewater for aquatic environment protection
Authors: Cheng Xiao
Published: October 2023

The serious issue of antibiotic contamination has become a pressing concern. Antibioticcontaminated wastewater that is not effectively treated can have detrimental effects on both aquatic environments and human health. Therefore, it is imperative to intensify research efforts towards developing efficient and effective processes for removing antibiotics from aquatic environments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common antibiotic removal processes used in sewage treatment plants, including physical adsorption and membrane filtration. It also examines various chemical treatments such as ozone oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis, Fenton oxidation, persulfate oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation. In addition, the paper discusses biological treatments including anaerobic biological treatment, aerobic biological treatment, and constructed wetland treatment, as well as the combination of related processes. Through this review of the relevant literature, it is evident that advanced oxidation technology demonstrates superior performance in single removal processes for antibiotics. Furthermore, the combination of different removal processes yields even more effective antibiotic removal outcomes, indicating great potential for future development. Finally, this paper highlights the importance of future research in antibiotic removal to further advance the field and promote the growth of antibiotic removal technology.
Research on Vibro-Acoustic Detection Method of Porcelain Pillar Insulators
Authors: Gao Lei , Meng Chunlv , Chen Chun , Feng Jingpu , Ji Xunzhou , Sun Yuan , Lin Chiliang , Chen Wenqing , Lin Shengyu , Gao Zhongmou
Published: October 2023

High-voltage pillar-type porcelain insulators are important components of power plants and substations, and are widely used in power grids. In recent years, various kinds of accidents caused by breakage of pillar insulators have occurred frequently during the operation of the power grid, posing a serious threat to the safe operation of the power grid. Aiming at the problem of the deterioration detection of porcelain strut insulators in transmission lines, this paper introduces the detection principle of vibro-acoustic method and the vibro-acoustic detection process of porcelain strut insulators. A set of vibro-acoustic-based porcelain strut insulator detection equipment is studied and designed, and its design principle is expounded. And hardware components, the effectiveness of the detection function is verified through the actual measurement analysis, which provides support for the follow-up research and promotion of this detection technology.
Measurement of interfacial shear stress in gas–liquid two-phase stratified flow
Authors: Fang Lide , Ge Bin , Li Zhixuan , Sun Xuyang , Han Bangbang , Faraj Yousef , Zhao Ning
Published: October 2023

Gas–liquid two-phase stratified flow exists in many industrial processes. Although the flow pattern is simple, the interfacial shear prediction of stratified flow is still the focus of the study. The calculation of the shear stress at the gas–liquid interface is closely related to the measurement of the void fraction and pressure drop of the stratified flow. In this study, a new method for the calculation of interfacial shear stress of gas–liquid two-phase stratified flow is proposed. Differential pressure measurement and planar laser-induced fluorescence technology are combined to obtain important parameters for stratified flow under low-speed flow conditions (Ql = 0.10–0.25 m3/h, Qg = 0.35–1.00 m3/h). The interfacial shear stress is successfully calculated using macroparameters. The uncertainty associated with the calculated parameters using the proposed method is 2.67%, and this study verifies the accuracy of the linear relationship. The method provides a new way to obtain the interfacial shear stress of gas–liquid stratified flow.
Multi-frequency and wide-angle nonreciprocity arising from non-uniform magnetic field
Authors: Wang Jin , Fung Kin Hung , Dong Hui Yuan , Dong Zheng-Gao
Published: October 2023

We investigate the effect of non-uniform external static magnetic field on the scattering nonreciprocity of a deep-subwavelength gyrotropic particle system. Based on a scattering matrix approach, we show analytically that asymmetrical extinction cross section of the scattering system for opposite illumination directions can be accessed at multi-frequency and wide-angle regimes, in the presence of magnetic field with weak spatial non-uniformity. A simplified dual-dipole model is further employed to capture the generic physics of nonreciprocal scattering, essentially attributed to the asymmetrical magneto-electric cross interactions. In addition, typical examples are provided with full-wave numerical verifications. Our finding may open a straightforward and efficient pathway to manipulate nonreciprocal scattering at the subwavelength scale.
A review on non-leaching antibacterial bone cement for orthopedic surgery: From past to current insights
Authors: Gao Zhe , Kan Yu-Chen , Xie Yang-Hu , Guo Rui , Li Chuang , Asilebieke Ayakuzi , Xu Yang , Chu Jian-Jun
Published: October 2023

Antibiotic-loaded bone cements are widely used in orthopedic surgery. However, they present issues such as a short antibiotic release time and antibiotic resistance. These challenges necessitate the development of novel antibacterial bone cements. Non-leaching bone cement containing antibacterial motifs represents a promising advancement in this direction. Antibacterial motifs are incorporated into the cement either covalently or non-covalently, and while they will not be released, they will still exhibit surface antibacterial activity. This review comprehensively examines the structure and antimicrobial activity of prevalent non-leaching antimicrobial bone cements. Additionally, it delves into the characteristics of current methods employed for detecting surface antimicrobial activity. Finally, the future research direction of non-leaching antibacterial bone cement is discussed, with a specific focus on innovative antibacterial motifs, the mechanisms underlying non-leaching antibacterial properties, and the potential synergies achievable by combining non-leaching antibacterial bone cement with traditional antibiotics.
Nuclear interferon-stimulated gene product maintains heterochromatin on the herpes simplex viral genome to limit lytic infection
Authors: Sodroski Catherine N. , Knipe David M.
Published: October 2023

Interferons (IFN) are expressed in and secreted from cells in response to virus infection, and they induce the expression of a variety of genes called interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in infected and surrounding cells to block viral infection and limit spread. The mechanisms of action of a number of cytoplasmic ISGs have been well defined, but little is known about the mechanism of action of nuclear ISGs. Constitutive levels of nuclear interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) serve to induce innate signaling and epigenetic silencing of herpes simplex virus (HSV), but only when the HSV infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) E3 ligase, which promotes IFI16 degradation, is inactivated. In this study, we found that following IFN induction, the pool of IFI16 within the infected cell remains high and can restrict wild-type viral gene expression and replication due to both the induced levels of IFI16 and the IFI16-mediated repression of ICP0 levels. Restriction of viral gene expression is achieved by IFI16 promoting the maintenance of heterochromatin on the viral genome, which silences it epigenetically. These results indicate that a nuclear ISG can restrict gene expression and replication of a nuclear DNA virus by maintaining or preventing the removal of repressive heterochromatin associated with the viral genome.
Participle-for-preterite variation in Tyneside English
Authors: Serbicki Sofia , Lan Ruijin , Duncan Daniel
Published: October 2023

Variable use of the canonical participle for the canonical preterite is attested cross-dialectally in English.
However, most variationist studies of this phenomenon focus on variability for one or a few verbs rather than the full set of
verbs with canonically distinct preterites and participles. This study examines participle-for-preterite variation across this
full set of verbs in Tyneside English. We find that variability is lexically and morphophonologically restricted, and overall
subject to change from above toward use of the canonical preterite. At the same time, there may be a countervailing trend in which
low-frequency verbs that form the participle by changing the stressed vowel to /ʌ/ are changing toward usage of the participle for
the preterite. We suggest that the pattern of variation indicates that, although the canonical forms of two categories are
varying, the categories themselves remain distinct in speakers’ grammars.
A discourse dynamics exploration of terminology for Covid-19 in professional and public discourse
Authors: Dong Jihua , Dong Shuai , Buckingham Louisa
Published: October 2023

This study identified terminology used in academia and media relating to Covid-19 and traced its development across 20 months from a discourse dynamics perspective. The cross-corpus comparison identified significant differences between the two corpora in the use of terminology relating to Covid-19, thereby signaling the particularities of the two communities towards the same social event. The dynamic analysis reveals a non-linear trajectory in the use of terminology in both corpora and an evolving developmental pattern in the construction of the specialized text. The analysis shows that the use of terminology evolves with social change, which can contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of terminology development. Methodologically, this study further demonstrates the viability of discourse dynamic approaches in analyzing the linguistic features of a social event.
Deformations of dispersionless Lax systems
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Authors: Kryński Wojciech
Published: October 2023

We study dispersionless Lax systems and present a systematic method for deriving new integrable systems from given ones. Our examples include the dispersionless Hirota equation, the generalized heavenly equation, and equations related to Veronese webs.
Estimation of plasma parameter profiles and their derivatives from linear observations by using Gaussian processes
Authors: Nishizawa T , Tokuda S , Kobayashi T , Tanaka K , Funaba H , Yamada I , Takemura Y , Tokuzawa T , Yasuhara R , Uehara H , Ida K , Takahashi H , Kawachi Y , Inagaki S , Kado S , Sasaki M , Fujisawa A
Published: October 2023

Gaussian process regression (GPR) has been utilized to provide fast and robust estimates of plasma parameter profiles and their derivatives. We present an alternative GPR technique that performs profile regression analyses based on arbitrary linear observations. This method takes into account finite spatial resolution of diagnostics by introducing a sensitivity matrix. In addition, the profiles of interest and their derivatives can be estimated in the form of a multivariate normal distribution even when only integrated quantities are observable. We show that this GPR provides meaningful measurements of the electron density profile and its derivative in a toroidal plasma by utilizing only ten line-integrated data points given that the locations of magnetic flux surfaces are known.
Suppression of stimulated Brillouin and Raman scatterings using an alternating frequency laser and transverse magnetic fields
Authors: Cheng 程 Rui-Jin 瑞锦 , Li 李 Xiao-Xun 晓旬 , Wang 王 Qing 清 , Liu 刘 De-Ji 德基 , Huang 黄 Zhuo-Ming 卓明 , Lv 吕 Shuai-Yu 帅宇 , Zhou 周 Yuan-Zhi 远志 , Zhang 张 Shu-Tong 舒童 , Li 李 Xue-Ming 雪铭 , Chen 陈 Zu-Jie 祖杰 , Wang 王 Qiang 强 , Liu 刘 Zhan-Jun 占军 , Cao 曹 Li-Hua 莉华 , Zheng 郑 Chun-Yang 春阳
Published: October 2023

A novel scheme to suppress both stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) by combining an alternating frequency (AF) laser and a transverse magnetic field is proposed. The AF laser allows the laser frequency to change discretely and alternately over time. The suppression of SBS is significant as long as the AF difference is greater than the linear growth rate of SBS or the alternating time of the laser frequency is shorter than the linear growth time of SBS. However, the AF laser proves ineffective in suppressing SRS, which usually has a much higher linear growth rate than SBS. To remedy that, a transverse magnetic field is included to suppress the SRS instability. The electrons trapped in the electron plasma waves (EPWs) of SRS can be accelerated by the surfatron mechanism in a transverse magnetic field and eventually detrapped. While continuously extracting energy from EPWs, the EPWs are dissipated and the kinetic inflation of SRS is suppressed. The one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results show that both SBS and SRS can be effectively suppressed by combining the AF laser with a transverse magnetic field with tens of Tesla. The total reflectivity can be dramatically reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results provide a potential reference for controlling SBS and SRS under the related parameters of inertial confinement fusion.
Behaviors of cavitation bubbles driven by high-intensity ultrasound
Authors: Huang 黄 Chen-Yang 晨阳 , Li 李 Fan 凡 , Feng 冯 Shi-Yi 释毅 , Wang 王 Cheng-Hui 成会 , Chen 陈 Shi 时 , Hu 胡 Jing 静 , He 何 Xin-Rui 芯蕊 , Song 宋 Jia-Kai 家凯
Published: October 2023

In a multi-bubble system, the bubble behavior is modulated by the primary acoustic field and the secondary acoustic field. To explore the translational motion of bubbles in cavitation liquids containing high-concentration cavitation nuclei, evolutions of bubbles are recorded by a high-speed camera, and translational trajectories of several representative bubbles are traced. It is found that translational motion of bubbles is always accompanied by the fragmentation and coalescence of bubbles, and for bubbles smaller than 10 μm, the possibility of bubble coalescence is enhanced when the spacing of bubbles is less than 30 μm. The measured signals and their spectra show the presence of strong negative pressure, broadband noise, and various harmonics, which implies that multiple interactions of bubbles appear in the region of high-intensity cavitation. Due to the strong coupling effect, the interaction between bubbles is random. A simplified triple-bubble model is developed to explore the interaction patterns of bubbles affected by the surrounding bubbles. Patterns of bubble interaction, such as attraction, repulsion, stable spacing, and rebound of bubbles, can be predicted by the theoretical analysis, and the obtained results are in good agreement with experimental observations. Mass exchange between the liquid and bubbles as well as absorption in the cavitation nuclei also plays an important role in multi-bubble cavitation, which may account for the weakening of the radial oscillations of bubbles.
Robust free-space optical frequency transfer in time-varying link distances conditions
Authors: Tong 童 Zhou 周 , Liu 刘 Lei 雷 , Wang 王 Jia-Liang 家亮 , Cao 操 Qian 前 , Jin 金 Zhi-Cheng 志成 , Ying 应 Kang 康 , Han 韩 Shen-Sheng 申生 , Han 韩 Zheng-Fu 正甫 , Gui 桂 You-Zhen 有珍
Published: October 2023

Future inter-satellite clock comparison on high orbit will require optical time and frequency transmission technology between moving objects. Here, we demonstrate robust optical frequency transmission under the condition of variable link distance. This variable link is accomplished by the relative motion of a single telescope fixed on the experimental platform to a corner-cube reflector (CCR) installed on a sliding guide. Two acousto–optic modulators with different frequencies are used to separate forward signal from backward signal. With active phase noise suppression, when the CCR moves back and forth at a constant velocity of 20 cm/s and an acceleration of 20 cm/s2, we achieve the best frequency stability of 1.9 × 10−16 at 1 s and 7.9 × 10−19 at 1000 s indoors. This work paves the way for future studying optical frequency transfer between ultra-high-orbit satellites.
Quantitative determination of the critical points of Mott metal–insulator transition in strongly correlated systems
Authors: Niu 牛 Yuekun 月坤 , Ni 倪 Yu 煜 , Wang 王 Jianli 建利 , Chen 陈 Leiming 雷鸣 , Xing 邢 Ye 晔 , Song 宋 Yun 筠 , Feng 冯 Shiping 世平
Published: October 2023

Mottness is at the heart of the essential physics in a strongly correlated system as many novel quantum phenomena occur in the metallic phase near the Mott metal–insulator transition. We investigate the Mott transition in a Hubbard model by using the dynamical mean-field theory and introduce the local quantum state fidelity to depict the Mott metal–insulator transition. The local quantum state fidelity provides a convenient approach to determining the critical point of the Mott transition. Additionally, it presents a consistent description of the two distinct forms of the Mott transition points.
Detection accuracy of target accelerations based on vortex electromagnetic wave in keyhole space
Authors: Guo 郭 Kai 凯 , Lei 雷 Shuang 爽 , Lei 雷 Yi 艺 , Zhou 周 Hong-Ping 红平 , Guo 郭 Zhong-Yi 忠义
Published: October 2023

The influence of the longitudinal acceleration and the angular acceleration of detecting target based on vortex electromagnetic waves in keyhole space are analyzed. The spectrum spreads of different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in different non-line-of-sight situations are simulated. The errors of target accelerations in detection are calculated and compared based on the OAM spectra spreading by using two combinations of composite OAM modes in the keyhole space. According to the research, the effects about spectrum spreads of higher OAM modes are more obvious. The error in detection is mainly affected by OAM spectrum spreading, which can be reduced by reasonably using different combinations of OAM modes in different practical situations. The above results provide a reference idea for investigating keyhole effect when vortex electromagnetic wave is used to detect accelerations.
MEG II physics and detector performance
Authors: Chiappini M. ,   the MEG II collaboration
Published: October 2023

In the panorama of the state-of-the-art searches for extremely rare Charged Lepton Flavor Violating (CLFV) processes, the Mu-E-Gamma (MEG) experiment is definitely a reference point in the intensity frontier of modern physics research, setting the best upper limit on the μ
+ → e
+
γ decay. The upgrade of MEG, MEG II, wants to give further impetus to the CLFV searches with muons. MEG II relies on a series of upgrades: on the photon side we point up improvements of the γ detector resolutions and acceptance; on the positron side we rely on completely brand new detectors with better acceptance, efficiency and performances; on the Trigger and Data Acquisition (DAQ) side we are able to exploit a higher muon beam intensity despite the increased number of read out channels thanks to a new and optimized electronics. After three years of commissioning, in 2021 the MEG II experiment finally entered the physics data taking phase. An overview of the MEG II physics and experimental contexts is presented, together with the current detector performances based on data. Thanks to the new experimental apparatus the final sensitivity goal is expected to be one order of magnitude better than the first phase of MEG.
Puzzles in the hadronic contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment
Authors: Stoffer Peter , Colangelo Gilberto , Hoferichter Martin
Published: October 2023

We summarize recent developments in the Standard-Model evaluation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon aμ
, both in the hadronic-light-by-light and hadronic-vacuum-polarization contributions. The current situation for the latter is puzzling as we are confronted with multiple discrepancies that are not yet understood. We present updated fits of a dispersive representation of the pion vector form factor to the new CMD-3 data set and quantify the tensions with the other high-statistics e
+
e
- → π
+
π
- experiments in the contribution to aμ
in the energy range up to 1 GeV, as well as in the corresponding contribution to the intermediate Euclidean window.
See ref. [1] for an extended version of this contribution.