bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ozone Prediction Performance of HMM Based on the Data Compressed by Different Wavelet Basis Functions
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhao Ze Meng , Palazoglu Ahmet , Sun Wei
Published: June 2012

Surface ozone in the air boundary layer is one of the most harmful air pollutants produced by photochemical reaction between nitrogen oxides and volatile hydrocarbons, which causes great damage to human beings and environment. The prediction of surface ozone levels plays an important role in the control and the reduction of air pollutants. As model-driven statistical prediction models, hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are rich in mathematical structure and work well in many important applications. Due to the complex structure of HMM, long observation sequences would increase computational load by geometric ratio. In order to reduce training time, wavelet decomposition is used to compress the original observations into shorter ones. During compression step, observation sequences compressed by different wavelet basis functions keep different information content. This may have impact on prediction results. In this paper, ozone prediction performance of HMM based on different wavelet basis functions are discussed. Shannon entropy is employed to measure how much information content is kept in the new sequence compared to the original one. Data from Houston Metropolitan Area, TX are used in this paper. Results show that wavelet basis functions used in data compression step can affect the HMM model performance significantly. The new sequence with the maximum Shannon entropy generates the best prediction result.
Alkalibacillus weihaiensis Sp. Nov., a Moderately Halophilic Bacterium from Sea Mud of the Yellow Sea, China
Authors: Li Wei Guo , Ma Fang , Tan Song Wen , Wei Li , Xu Zhong , Wang Guang Yu
Published: June 2012

A Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, spore-bearing and moderately halophilic bacterial strain HNPHT was obtained from the sea mud sample collected from Jinhaitan Park in Weihai, a city on the shore of the Yellow Sea. Strain HNPHT was bacillus. The optimum growth temperature was 30-36°C and the optimum pH was 6.5-9.5. It could grow well at 5-20% salt concentration. The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 37.0%. 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated a close relationship to Alkalibacillus halophilus (DQ359731) and Alkalibacillus salilacus (AY671976) with similarity of 99%. However, they had obvious difference in whole-cell main fatty acid components, cell size, cell morphology, colony color, motility, oxidase, gelatine liquification, nitrate reduction, NaCl tolerance range, pH tolerance range, G+C mole fraction, sole carbon source, sole nitrogen source, antibiotic sensitivity and a source of the strain isolation. A comparison of these taxonomic characters of strain HNPHT with those of some type strains of the genus Alkalibacillus indicated that the strain could be distinguished from A. halophilus and A. salilacus. In view of multiple identification results, it was proposed that strain HNPHT was classified as the type strain of a new species of the genus Alkalibacillus under the name Alkalibacillus weihaiensis sp. nov..
Rock-Fill Dam’s Void Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Dai Shu Lin , Xu Tao , Cai Hong Liang
Published: June 2012

Since the inception of concrete face rock-fill dam, the dam’s leakage and void deformation issue has been always there. The safety of the dam determine the safety of lives and property, in order to ensure the safe operation of the dam, rock-fill dam’s void deformation monitoring is particularly important. This paper conducted a detailed description on the rock-fill dam’s void deformation monitoring through a specific project, and monitoring results are summarized and analyzed.
Statistical Analysis of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments from the Tuo River in Suzhou City, China and its Implications for Source Identification
Authors: Sun Lin Hua
Published: June 2012

Heavy metal (Zn, V, Cr, Co, Cu and Pb) concentrations in bottom sediments from Tuo River in Suzhou City have been analyzed for determing their average levels and distribution concentrations, and statistical analysis (correlation, cluster and principle component) have been taken place for evaluating their lithogenic and/or anthropogenic sources. The results imply that the concentration of metals following the order Co>Zn>V>Cr>Cu>Pb with homogeneous distribution. The lithogenic metals (V, Cr and Co) are enriched out of the city, whereas the anthropogenic (industry and vehicle related) metals (Zn, V, Cu and Pb) are enriched in the city.
The Research of Soil and Natural Colonized Plants in Lead-Zinc Tailings of Huize
Authors: Ni Jing , Li Biao , Wang Jin Hua , Liu Shao Xiong , Zhu Li Li , Xiong Zhi
Published: June 2012

In order to select adaptable plants in lead-zinc tailings of Huize, tailings soil and natural colonized plants on tailings were researched. The results showed that Cd polluted badly soil, the content of Cd in lead-zinc tailings soil of Huize was 515.19 times of natural soil in Yunnan; Pb and Zn were major factor of pollution in tailings, the content of Pb and Zn in lead-zinc tailings soil were 120.92 and 78.44 times of natural soil in Yunnan. The heavy metal content have decreased with prolonging accumulation time, and the heavy metal content of tailings edge is significantly lower than the center. There were a lot of natural colonized species on lead-zinc tailings of Huize, ten species were dominant. The ten species were far way from critical levels for hyper accumulator, but could grow under heavy metals stress and have a high tolerance to Pb and Zn, so can be considered as pioneer plants of revegetation in lead-zinc tailings of Huize.
Numerical Simulation of Atmospheric Diffusion of Radon Emanating From Flat Ground Uranium Tailings Impoundment in Different Heights
Authors: Peng Xiao Yong , Liu Zhen Hao , Xie Qing Fang , Zhang Xin , Wan Fen , Huang Shuai
Published: June 2012

The atmospheric diffusion and concentration distribution of radon (emanation rate is 6.06 Bq/m2s ) emanating from the flat ground uranium tailings impoundment at various heights(0m, 10m, 20m, and 30m) are simulated. The numerical results show that the different height of the tailings impoundment will mainly influence the radon concentration that could change in the range of 16~250 Bq/m3 at the downwind region of 0-300m. The radon concentration and annual effective doses for public from radon decrease sharply with the increasing distance away from tailings impoundment, are higher than that of the decommissioned uranium tailings impoundment (its height is 30m, radon emanation rate is 0.74 Bq/m2s ). The annual effective doses for public from radon are highly up to 1.12 mSv/a, and are 0.12 mSv/a greater than the national standard in the range of 800m. Considering the difference of average radon emanation rate and other factors, the protective distance from radon should be adjusted appropriately.
FeS Colloid Particle Formation and Impact on Union Station
Authors: Liu Yong Sheng , Wu Jing , Shi Man , Yang Fan , Wang Bao Lian
Published: June 2012

There was a large quantity of sulfate reducting bacteria (SRB) in crude oil, and the existence of the SRB could cause the reduction of S, forming S2- which could react with Fe in the pipes, storage tanks and other equipment. FeS could absorb colloid oil drops; the FeS colloid particle came into formation. The abundant existence of the FeS colloid in the oil-water surface transition layer generally caused the bad oil-water separation. The FeS colloid could attach on the panels of the electric dehydrator, it caused the increase of the conductibility between the panels, and even caused the breakdown of the electric field intensity, the electric dehydrator was out of work. After the formation mechanism analysis, the FeS colloid impact on the dissociated water, the dehydrator-water and the electric dehydrator had been studied. It came to the conclusion that when the FeS colloid particle concentration went beyond 30mg/L, there was FeS in the dissociated water; when the FeS colloid particle concentration went beyond 100mg/L, the electric intensity was lower than 500V/cm, the product oil contained more water than 0.3% standard.
Adsorption Behavior of Acid Orange 7 by Crosslinked Cationic Starch
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Xue , Ju Ben Zhi , Zhang Shu Fen
Published: June 2012

A series of crosslinked cationic starches with different degree of substitution(DS) are used to adsorb Acid Orange 7. Some factors, such as pH, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, initial concentration of dye, dose of cationic starch and DS of cationic group are investigated. The results show that the adsorption quickly establish equilibrium within 15 min. The adsorption capacity of the dye increases with the increasing of DS of the crosslinked cationic starches.The initial pH of 2-10 is reasonable. The adsorption of the dye on the crosslinked cationic starch is well described with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm.
Experimental Study on Damage Deterioration and Tensile Characteristics of Rock under Freeze-Thaw Environment
Authors: Zhang Hui Mei , Yang Geng She , Liang Yuan
Published: June 2012

The basic mechanical problem facing of environmental geotechnical engineering in cold regions is the physical and mechanical properties of rocks under freeze-thaw conditions. The freeze-thaw cycling experiment was conducted first for two types of rock which are red sandstone and shale, then the splitting tensile experiment on different freeze-thaw cycles. The damage deterioration and breaking behavior under freeze-thaw conditions was investigated, and the influence of lithology and freeze-thaw cycle on anti-tensile characteristics of rock was studied. It is shown that three freeze-thaw damage deterioration modes of two kinds of rock are spalling mode, fracture mode and crack mode. The freeze-thaw cycle leads to irreversible deterioration on physical and mechanical properties for rock, but the damage of red sandstone is more serious than that of shale by the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The regularity of freeze-thaw effects of compression and tensile characteristics for two rocks are identical, but the tensile characteristic is more sensitive to freeze-thaw cycle.
Performance of Anoxic-Anaerobic Oxidation Ditch for Nutrient Removal under Low Temperature Condition
Authors: Bao Lin Lin , Cheng Qing Feng , Li Dong , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2012

Temperature was a very important factor affecting the efficiency of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, as temperature sharply affecting the biological activity of biomass. A pilot-scale anoxic-anaerobic oxidation ditch (OD) process was used to investigate the efficiency of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus removal under the low temperature condition in this study. The results indicated that the nitrification and COD removal was very sensitive to the temperature changing, but the TP removal was not sensitive. When the temperature decreased from 25 degrees Celsius to15 degrees Celsius, the water quality of the effluent deteriorated obviously. A high removal rate of COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP was achieved at temperature of 15 degrees Celsius by changing the operational parameters in this study. The average concentration of COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP in effluent was 26.2 mg/L, 12.1 mg/L, 3.9 mg/L and 0.34 mg/L respectively.
Soil Bioengineering - A New Technique to Generate Riverbank Restoration
Authors: Gu Lan , Gao Jia Rong , Wang Yan , Qian Bin Tian , Wang Yue
Published: June 2012

Soil bioengineering is a kind of engineering by using living plant materials to construct the structures with some engineering and ecological functions, which can provide an effective means for the slope stabilization and site restoration of river banks. Experimental site in Liuli River proves that Salix cheilophila Schneid and Salix alba var. tristis are good materials to obtain near-natural riverbank restoration. Soil bioengineering measures of live staking, live fascines and brush layers are effective. After periods time of project implementation, significant effectiveness was obtained on slope stability, habitat improvement, and ecological restoration of river banks. This can provide guidelines for selecting materials and methods to control riverbank erosion. It was concluded that the approach could be widely applied in ecological riverbank restoration in China.
Study on Renovation of Heavy Metal Pb (II)-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Yu Xiao Jiao , Huang Lin Zhu , Yang Qian , Zhang Fan , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2012

To remedy polluted soil, EDTA is choosen when seeing metal Pb (Ⅱ) as target pollutant. There has been a focus on discussion about the infuencs of liquid-solid ratio, EDTA concentration and extraction time on Pb (Ⅱ) extraction rate. And attention is being paid to study the effect of Na2S concentration and pH on Pb (Ⅱ) removal rate with Na2S as EDTA regeneration medium. The results obtained demonstrate that when the liquid-solid ratio is 10, EDTA concentration is 0.5 mol/L, extraction time is 24 h, extraction efficiency can reach 66.67 %. When the concentration of Na2S is 0.5 mol/L, pH is 10, the 96.67 % Pb (Ⅱ) removal rate can be achieved.
The Influence of Temperature on Bioflocculation and Settling of Activated Sludge and their Flocculation Mechanisms Involved
Authors: Huang Jing Shui , Wen Yue , Cao A Sheng , Li Hai Song , Zhou Qi
Published: June 2012

Effects of temperature (conventional (25°С) vs. mesophilic (35°С) vs. thermophilic (55°С)) on activated sludge properties (production and composition of EPS and interaction potential) and their roles in bioflocculation and settling were studied using well-controlled sequencing batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater comprised of glucose and inorganic nutrients. The results show that thermophilic sludge had a poorer bioflocculation ability and settleability than that of conventional and mesophilic sludge. Analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) indicates that thermophilic sludge had a higher level of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) content than that of conventional and mesophilic sludge. The LB-EPS content of thermophilic sludge was ten times more than TB-EPS content of it, which coincided with higher supernatant turbidity. Therefore, the worse bioflocculation and settling ability of thermophilic sludge could be explained from the perspective of LB-EPS. Calculating the interaction energy of three kinds of sludge, the interaction barrier of thermophilic sludge disappeared which meant the attractive potential was dominant in the system. Thus, it should have led to a better flocculation, which did not agree with the actual performance. It indicates that the worse bioflocculation and settling ability of thermophilic sludge could be explained from the perspective of interaction energy.
Analysis on Heavy Metal Pollution State in Urban Surface Soil
Authors: Zhang Yi Ting , Zhang Xu Jing , Zhang Gui Ting
Published: June 2012

With the accelerating process of urbanization, heavy metal pollution problem is getting worse. In order to find out the state of heavy metal pollution in urban surface soils, we divided the city into different functional areas, and conducted the surface soil sampling, heavy metals analysis, and urban heavy metal pollution of surface soil data gathering. On this basis, evaluate the state of heavy metal pollution using Nemerow index, and analyze the source of heavy metal pollution. Evaluation and analysis process is simple and reasonable, is conducive to engineering applications, and also for environmental management department of the scientific decisions.
Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Urban Surface Soils in Qingdao, China
Authors: Wang Jin Feng , Zhao Wen Bin , Liu Xiang Lan , Zhang Shou Yong
Published: June 2012

Soil samples of 0-5cm from 18 sampling sites including different functional zones of Qingdao, China were collected and analyzed. The results showed the average concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni in soil were up to 55.96,174.37,57.89, and 31.16mg/kg respectively, which were much higher than their natural background values. The average Igeo values were in the increasing order of Ni(0.638) <Pb(1.428)<Cu(1.458)< Zn(3.03). Zn was high contamination, while Pb,Cu were moderated contamination. By hierarchical cluster, eighteen plots could be divided into five groups.(a)(A3,C1),(C4,C5,E1);(b)(B2,E2),(D3,D2);(c)(D1,D4,A2),(A1,C6); (d) (A2,C2),B1; (e)C3; The MDS analysis showed some rules in the graph. From top to bottom of longitudinal axis means low contents to high contents of Cu,Pb. From left to right of horizontal axis means low contents to high contents of Zn. Along the oblique axis, the values of Igeo were from high to low.
Effect of Juglone from C.cathayensis Exocarp on Summer Peony Photoinhibition
Authors: Chen Xiang Ming , Jin Song
Published: June 2012

This paper studies the effects of the Juglone on improving the photosynthesis of the peony growing in the summer field, and alleviating the photosynthesis inhibition in the two months of July and August, by using the 0.06mg/L Juglone extracted from the C.cathayensis exocarp, one kind of the forestry waste, to insufflate the peony leaf surface.The research results show that ,by comparing the peony leaf after procession with the control group, the Pn summit values of the photosynthetic rate improve by 10.5% and 12.8% respectively, and the photosynthesis noon-break is greatly shortened; the stomatal conductance variance of the leaf is not big, but the Ci content decreases significantly; the PSII photochemical efficiency of Fv/Fm reduces by 20% and 26% respectively; ΦPSII decreases by 18.1% and 19.9% respectively;between the time period 10 am and 1 pm, when the sunlight is the most sufficient, the contents of the chlorophyll qP decrease by 10% and 11.6% respectively,and the contents of the NPQ increase by 17.3% and 14.3% respectively. The research results show that Juglone could greatly reduce the summer sunlight harm on the photosynthetic system of the peony leaf chloroplast, and improve the light utilization rate of the peony leaf.
Numerical Study for Nanoparticle Removal in Vacuum Conditions
Authors: Wu Jing Ping , Zhang Yan Hong , Wang Hua Lin
Published: June 2012

LES turbulent models were employed to study the gas-solid two phase characteristics in an axial flow cyclone. Predicted data of velocity and pressure distributions of gas phase and the separation efficiency of the dispersed droplets were listed in this paper. The results showed that there are much differences between the LES turbulent model and RANS turbulent models; the velocities of the gas phase depended mostly on the direction of guide vane, and the operating pressure had a great effect on the collection efficiency of nanoparticles in vacuum conditions.
PCA Analysis and Concentration of Heavy Metal in the Soil, Guangdong, China
Authors: Yang Chun Lin , Guo Rui Ping , Liu Rong Zeng , Yue Qing Ling , Ren Xiu Juan , Wu Zhi Feng
Published: June 2012

The concentrations of 9 metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in topsoil in Guangdong were investigated based on 260 samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible sources of metals. The average concentrations (mg/kg) obtained were: Cu 17.37 mg/kg, Ni 17.7 mg/kg, Cr 56.7 mg/kg, Co 6.83 mg/kg, Mn 223.16 mg/kg, Pb 36.63 mg/kg, Hg 0.10 mg/kg, Cd 0.09 mg/kg and Zn 49.75 mg/kg. The results of factor analysis group Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and Mn in F1 and Cu, Ni, Cr, Co in F2. The spatial heavy metals component maps show definite association of these factors with the soil parent material and soil types. The concentration levels are relatively low in areas of high pH and low organic matter content concentration. The 9 metals in Guangdong have generally low concentrations and distinct geographical patterns. The local anomalies (found in Cu, Zn and Pb) are attributed to anthropogenic influence.
Studies on Soil Enzymatic Activities in Areas around Coal Mine
Authors: Tang Mei Zhen , Yuan Min , Ma Jian Li , Chen Jun Feng , Fu Hai Li
Published: June 2012

Soil enzymatic activities such as urease and invertase, were determined in areas polluted by Nesslers reagent colorimentric method and Mo-Phosphate colorimentric method in Yu Long coal mine, Shandong Province. The index of heavy metal pollution and the relationship between the activities of soil enzymes were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in contaminated soils were higher than those in unpolluted soils and the enzyme activities were decreased significantly with increasing contamination. The results of multivariate regression model test indicated that the elements of soil heavy metals have different influence on the soil enzymatic activities. It is feasible to use this index as a primary biochemical parameter to evaluate compound heavy metals pollution.
Study on Flocculation Characteristic of Silt in Yellow River
Authors: Zhu Sen Lin , Yang Guo Lu , Liu Lin Shuang
Published: June 2012

This paper maily studied the characteristics of silt flocculation of Yellow River. Chemistry and phiscal test methods were used to analyze the effects of silt concentration on settling velocity. The flocculation efficiency of PAM and PAC were compared in this work. Effects of silt concentration on needed PAM dosages and the optimal dosage of PAM at different silt concentration were discussed. Compound flocculants were also being studied. Research in this work has important practical value in the high turbidity water treatment technology for Yellow River and other rivers.
Study on Runoff Pollution Load Model
Authors: Lv Yan , Deng Lin
Published: June 2012

Along with the development of JiuZhai valley tourism scenic spots increasing at the same time, and the ecological environment is also with the change, how much of the change of ecological environment must be given. The TP emissions non-point source is one of the important indexes of each branch road and plank road be given. But the results is discrete, if use the current calculation model. Need a lot of data,For this，surface runoff load model is put forward based on the average load value. Through the comparative analysis, this model lead to specific areas of non-point pollutant average load value according to some small amount of water quality monitoring data. Not only eliminates random character, but also to improve the operability. Non-point source area highway TP emission load of jiuzhai valley is given by the model.
Study on the Concentration Process of Glutamic Acid Neutralizer by Vaccum Membrane Distillation Method and the Reuse of Product Water
Authors: Yang Shi Chun , Lv Xiao Long
Published: June 2012

This paper uses orthogonal experiment for optimizing technological conditions of decolorization, and draws the conclusion that the best combination is A3C3B1E1D3, namely H2SO4：1.5%；HCl：5% and sepiolite: 1.5 g/l; speed 100 r/min; time: 1.5 h. Membrane distillation technology replaces the dryer to enrich the glutamic acid neutralizer, and improves the concentration of sodium glutamate in the glutamic acid neutralizer. The membrane distillation flux of glutamic acid neutralizer changes along the concentration multiple curve. It shows that with concentration up to 60%，the glutamic acid neutralizer will supersaturate when crystal comes up and the membrane distillation can't go on. The color and conductivity of product water suggest that some volatile substances are formed. Peak time difference between glutamate filtrate gas chromatography and product water of the membrane distillated glutamic acid neutralizer does not exceed 0.1min, and thus indicates that four volatile substances from product water are derived from glutamic acid filtrate. Product water can be recollected to glutamic acid ferment tank and recycled. Scanned by FT-IR, the main ingredients in the neutralizer indicate the existence of amino acid kind materials. When replacing dryer with membrane distillation process in industrialization, glutamic acid neutralizer can be concentrated from 50% to 59%, thus greatly improves economic benefit.
Water Heavy Metal Potential Ecological Hazard and Loss of Liangtan River in Urban and Rural Connection Area in Chongqing
Authors: Yuan Hong , Fu Wa Li , Shao Ze Feng , Huang Yun Xiang , Xie Hong Xia , Zhang Yang Zhu
Published: June 2012

Exampled on the catchments area of LiangTan River in Chongqing, this paper analyzed the Ecological potential ecological hazard of water heavy metal, such as Hg、Cr、As、Zn、Pb. The result shows that in the dry seasons, about water heavy metal potential ecological hazard, from high to low the order was Cr>As>Pb; on the other, in the rainy season, the order was Cr>Pb> Zn. Then, we calculated the economic losses inside in urban and rural connection area in chongqing. It was about 1.08*109 Yuan per year, and it was 4.29% of total production value of rural industry. Plus the potential ecological losses and agriculture production losses, it up to 3773723.2*104～66093601*104 Yuan per year. Compared to gross profit of rural industry, it was 34 times, and up to 77.5% of total rural industry output.
Bioremediation Condition Optimization of Hydrocarbon in Soil Using Response Surface Methodology by Microbial Consortium KL9-1
Authors: Liu Qi You , Zhang Yun Bo , Zhao Dong Feng , Zhao Chao Cheng
Published: June 2012

A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the bioremediation condition of hydrocarbon in soil by microbial consortium KL9-1. A four-level Box-Behnken factorial design was employed to study the relationship of independent variables and dependent variable by applying pH value, inoculation amount of microbial consortium KL9-1, ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus (N/P ) and surfactant (SDBS) concentration as independent variables (factors) and crude oil removal rate as dependent variable (response). Then the statistically significant model was obtained and numerical optimization based on desirability function was carried out for pH 7.0, inoculation amount 50.0 mL, N/P 2: 1 and SDBS concentration 4.0 g, and the hydrocarbon removal rate reached as high as 52.58%. The predictive values showed good agreement with the experimental values under the optimization conditions, by standard variance <1.3%. It showed that the optimal result was reliable.
Comparative Analysis of Pollutants in the Sediments between the Southern and Northern River
Authors: Li Zhi Ping , Li Ya Jing , Li Xin Yi
Published: June 2012

In this paper Yuan River was taken as an example of the southern river, and Taizi River was an example of the northern river. Based on the contents of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD in the sediments, the distribution of pollutants in the sediments along the Yuan River and Taizi River were analyzed; When the pollutant contents of individual sections were particularly higher, the pollution sources were studied; Through the contrast of pollutants contents in sediments between Yuan River and Taizi River, the contents of Taizi River were higher 2-5 times than Yuan River. Then the causes were summarized from temperature,hydrological condition, discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater and sand contents.
Decomposing the Influencing Factors of China’s Industrial Wastewater Discharges Using LMDI I Method
Authors: Lei Hong Jun , Li Chang Jia , Xia Xun Feng , Xi Bei Dou
Published: June 2012

China’s industry accounts for 46.8% of the national gross domestic product (GDP) and plays an important strategic role to its economic growth, but it is also the main water pollution sources. In order to identify the relationship between the underlying driving forces and various environmental indicators, two critical industrial wastewater pollutant discharges over 2001-2009, including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), were decomposed into three factors, i.e., production effect (caused by change in the scale of economic activity), structural effect (caused by change in economic structure) and intensity effect (caused by change in technological level of the sector), using a logarithmic mean Divisia index I (LMDI I) decomposition method. Results showed that: (1) the average annual effect changes of industrial wastewater changes of COD discharges in China is -2.99% with the production effect, structural effect, and intensity effect as 14.64%, -1.39%, and -16.24%, respectively. Similarly, the average effect changes of industrial wastewater changes of NH4-N discharges is -4.03% with production effect, structural effect, and intensity effect as 16.18%, -2.88%, and -17.33%, respectively. (2) production effect was the major factor responsible for the rise of COD and NH4-N discharges, accounting for 45% and 44% of the total contribution. (3) structural effect contributed to the decrease of COD and NH4-N discharges with a small effect of 4% and 8% in total contribution. (4) intensity effect had an dominant decremental effect in COD and NH4-N discharges, accounting for 50% and 48% of the total contribution; intensity effect could be further decomposed in cleaner production effect and pollution abatement effect, and cleaner production effect of COD and NH4-N accounts for 60% and 55% in pollution reduction. (5) the main contributors to incremental COD and NH4-N discharges among industrial sub-sectors were manufacture of paper and paper products, processing of food from agricultural products, manufacture of textile and so on. These sectors should be the top priorities for policy makers to reduce pollutants discharges, and the potential measures are industrial restructuring and related regulation.
Effect of Modification with Nitric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide on Chromium (VI) Adsorption by Activated Carbon Fiber
Authors: Qu Guang Zhou , Ji Hai Bing , Xiao Ran , Liang Dong Li
Published: June 2012

The activated carbon fiber (ACF) was treated by different concentration nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidization to enhance its adsorption capacity to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) ion. The adsorption amount and adsorption kinetics of Cr6+ ion on ACFs, and the surface chemical groups were investigated. The results showed that the modified ACFs with 1% HNO3 and 10% H2O2 had a better adsorption capacity, respectively. The adsorption amount of ACFs was affected strongly solution pH value, and decreased significantly with increasing of the pH value. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption rates of Cr6+ ion on different modified ACFs were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. After 1% HNO3 and 10% H2O2 modification, respectively, the total acidic oxygen-containing groups on ACFs surface had an increase obviously, which might be enhance the adsorption amount of Cr6+ ion on ACFs.
Gas-phase Hg0 Removal by a Fe2O3/AC Catalyst
Authors: Wang Jun Wei , Liu Rui Qing , Kong Xue Jun
Published: June 2012

Gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg0) removal by an activated coke (AC) supported Fe2O3 catalyst (Fe2O3/AC) was studied under N2+HCl atmosphere and compared with that by AC. The influences of Fe2O3 loading, temperature and inlet Hg0 concentration on Hg0 removal were investigated. The results indicate that the Hg0 removal capability of Fe2O3/AC was much higher than that of AC, indicating the important role of Fe2O3 oxidation activity. The capability of Fe2O3/AC increased with an increase of Fe2O3 loading (1-10 wt.%) and temperature (120-200 °C). Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis confirmed the correlation between Fe2O3 and Hg adsorbed over Fe2O3/AC.
Environmental Pollution and its Influencing Factors in Mountainous and Hilly Rural Area of Sichuan Province in China
Authors: Xie Fang Ting , Liu Shao Quan , Zhang Hai Qin , Guo Shi Li
Published: June 2012

Using sampling survey data from 20 representative villages, this paper analyzes the status of environmental pollution in mountainous and hilly rural area of Sichuan Province in China, and makes comprehensive analysis of environmental pollution factors of the research area based on BP neural network model. The result shows that there are about 60% of the villages investigated displaying environmental pollution of varying degrees. It also indicates that environment renovation measures conducted by government and labor out-migration are conducive to environmental protection in mountainous and hilly rural area of Sichuan, while the concentration of population and development of rural enterprise have negative impact on local environment. The influence degree of each factor in descending order is labor out-migration, environment renovation measures, concentration of population, rural enterprise development.
Optimization of Fenton Process for Removal Organic Substance in Landfill Leachate
Authors: Zha Fu Geng , Xu Guo Chun , Chen Xiao Qing , Zhang Ming Xu
Published: June 2012

The treatment of landfill leachate by Fenton process was carried out in a batch mode. The effect of operating conditions such as reaction time, pH, dosage of H2O2 and [H2O2]/[Fe2+] molar ratio and temperature on the efficacy of Fenton process was investigated. It is demonstrated that Fenton’s reagent can effectively degrade leachate organics in 30 min. The optimal conditions were pH was 3, dosage of H2O2 was 2 times of theoretical stoichiometry, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] molar ratio was 5, temperature influence the removal efficency relatively small compared to other factors.
Soft Measuring Model Based on CMAC Artificial Neural Network for Pollutants Release from Coal Combusting in Power Plant Boiler
Authors: Wang Yong Zheng , Jiang Lei , Chen Sheng Xue , Lu Chun Mei
Published: June 2012

The soft measuring model, for pollutants release from coal combusting in power plant boiler, was combined with the test data obtained from boiler operation, established on the basis of technology for CMAC artificial neural network, and adopted the hyper CMAC structure and algorithm. The characteristic data about coal quality from boiler operation and combusting conditions in the furnace were took as its input parameters, to achieve precise prediction and on-line measurement of concentration of sulfur and nitrogen pollutant emission. It was effective to guide operator in the power plant to optimize combustion and control pollutants emission.
Spatial Distribution and Contamination Assessments of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Wenruitang River, Wenzhou, China
Authors: Song Li , Gu Dun Gang , Huang Min Sheng , Chen Li , Huang Qin Chao , Tong Min , He Yan
Published: June 2012

Sediments from 29 stations within Wenruitang River basin were sampled to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in sediments and to assess the pollution status of heavy metal elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb). Heavy metal concentrations showed significant spatial variation in sediments from different areas. Enrichment factors (EF) indicated that the order of pollution level was as follows: Cd＞Cu＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Pb. The major heavy metal contaminants were derived from human impacts. Correlation analysis suggested that Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb were significantly related to total organic carbon (TOC); Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr had a close association with each other; Cd was closely associated with Zn.
Spatial Variability Characteristics of Soil Available Mn and Zn in the Middle Reaches of Tuojiang River Basin
Authors: Xu Xiao Xun , Zhang Shi Rong , Ye Wen , Deng Liang Ji , Li Ting , Li Yun , Jia Yong Xia
Published: June 2012

The available states of Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in soil exert important roles in same biochemical reactions. Their deficiency can result in plant micronutrient disorders, but the excess contents may contribute to several environmental issues. Their spatial distribution and influential factors in the middle reaches of Tuojiang River Basin, a typical region with the broken terrain and densely populated hill, were studied with the combination of statistics, geostatistics, global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS). According to the data of the contents in topsoil (0~20 cm) from the 296 random sampling points,the contents of soil available Mn and Zn were 5.95 and 1.05 mg kg-1, respectively. The highest value regions (>11 mg kg-1) of Mn contents were mainly distributed in the central parts of study area, and first decreased to the both sides from the central and then increased towards the northwest. The highest value regions (>1.8 mg kg-1) of Zn contents were mainly distributed in the northwest parts, and then reduced gradually towards to the southeast and southwest presenting zonal shapes. Almost 30% of the area had higher than 50% probability to exceed the threshold value (7.00 mg kg-1) of the soil available Mn based on probability kringing, Similarly, more than 70% part of the area with the probability more than 50% exceed the threshold value (0.50 mg kg-1) of soil available Zn. The content and spatial distribution of soil Mn and Zn were affected by parent materials, landform types, slopes, landuse patterns, textures, pH and organic matters (OM). While the above factors except for OM and texture (P>0.05) had significant influence on soil available Mn (P<0.05). On the contrary, only OM was the significant influent factor to soil available Zn (P<0.05).
Studies on Pre-Treatment of Wastewater Containing Nitroaromatic Compound by Ultrasonic Cavitation
Authors: Tan Jiang Yue
Published: June 2012

In this paper, ultrasonic cavitation degradation was applied to treat the wastewater containing nitroaromatic compound. The factors influence to treatment effect such as the ultrasonic power and frequency, the wastewater initial pH value, were investigated by experiment. The experimental results showed that air-blasting in ultrasonic cavitation treatment could effectively improve treatment effect. The wastewater（COD:2650 mg•L-1,BOD5:240 mg•L-1，p-nitroaniline：490 mg•L-1，nitrobenzene:100 mg•L-1）was treated by ultrasonic cavitation degradation, the removal rate of p-nitroaniline,nitrobenzene and COD could be reached 91.3%,90.6% and 83.9% respectively after 3h. Biodegradability of the wastewater (B/C ratio ) can be increased to 0.4 , which satisfied the requirement for the subsequent biochemical processes.
Study of Electroplating Wastewater Treatment by Magnetoelectric Oxidation Biological Filter
Authors: Zhao Xu Xin , Peng Yun Long , Liu Chang Kun , Fang Lin
Published: June 2012

In this study, a magnetlectric oxidation biological filter (MOBF) was investigated for the removal of organic pollutants, heavy metal ions and cyanide ions in electroplating wastewater. The influencing factors including the inlet water flow, external DC voltage, aeration rate of the MOBF on wastewater treatment performance were studied. Data analyses show that with iron-carbon tube as the core component, the MOBF’s removal rate for COD, Cr6+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and CN- were 93%, 99.99%, 99.7%, 96% and 99%, respectively. The best treatment conditions for the MOBF were as follows: the inlet and outlet pH value of 3.5 and 8.5 respectively, the external voltage of 3.8V. When the inlet wastewater flux is 40L/h, the aeration rate is 1m3/h.
The Environmental Pollution Analysis of Aircraft
Authors: Chen Xiao Jie
Published: June 2012

The Environmental factors cover a wide range of aspects but noise and emissions are the main regulatory issues which affect the design of the aircraft. Both are largely associated with engine design aspects and aircraft flight profiles. With the expected growth in air traffic at the major airports the environmental pressure groups will become more vocal. This paper shows the influence of airworthiness and environmental influences of aircraft. Both noise and emission pollution were discussed. Several methods were given to reduce these environment pollution on the base of the analysis.
A Test of Three Macrophyte Species to Reduce Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus from Wastewater
Authors: Fu Xiao Yun , He Xing Yuan , Chen Wei , Liu Zhou Li
Published: June 2012

Three aquatic macrophytes (Acorus calamus, Lythrum salicaria and Sagittaria sagittifolia) were grown in monoculture to test the relative growth rate(RGR) and abilities of removing total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus (TP) by the manipulative indoor experiment. A nutrient treatment consisted of four levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) [low (14 mg L-1 N and 3 mg L-1 P) and high (56 mg L-1 N and 12 mg L-1 P)] of nutrient solution. Result revealed that the RGR of the species was significantly different, however nutrients had no significant affect on the RGR. Also the abilities of different macrophyte species to remove nitrogen and phosphorous contrast sharply with one another. The results showed that TN and TP in wastewater were significantly higher from unvegetated microcosms compared to vegetated. A. calamus was shown to be best removal effect with the removal rates of 96.4% and 71.5% at low and high concentrations of TN. Furthermore A. calamus was generally effective removal capacity of TP at low nutrient level, but the performance of L. salicaria at reducing phosphorus at high nutrient level was relatively high.
Allelopathy Effects of Various Higher Landscape Plants on Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Fu Hai Yan , Hou Ming , Chai Tian , Huang Guo He , Xu Peng Cheng , Guo Ya Li
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the effects of the culture water of three types of higher landscape plants Typha latifolia L, Canna indica L and Iris tectorum Maxim on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa have been investigated. The results show that Iris culture water promoted the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, which was facilitated at low contentions and inhibited at high concentrations by the culture water of Canna indica L. Moreover, inhibitory effect of the culture water of Typha latifolia L was the strongest with the rate of 50.7%. Differences of the effects of the three plants on the chlorophyll a contents of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were significant (P Iris tectorum Maxim was utilized, whereas the content was lowest at merely 41% of that of the control group when treated with 80% of the culture water of Typha latifolia L.
Advances in Abatement of Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) with Microwave Plasma
Authors: Zhu Xiao Mei , Sun Bing , Huo Cheng , Xie Hong Duan
Published: June 2012

Perfluorocarbons have been widely used in the semiconductor industry. As highly potent global warming gases, they have extremely long atmospheric lifetime and intensive absorption ability of infrared radiation. Naturally, the abatement of PFCs becomes a critical environmental issue. In this paper, an effort is made to review the development of microwave plasma technology for the control of PFCs. Relevant studies indicate that microwave plasma has the advantage of high electron temperature and high electron density which is of great potential to PFCs abatement. Low pressure microwave plasma may interfere with the normal operation of semiconductor manufacturing processes. At atmospheric pressure, microwave plasmas exhibit high react performance with PFCs. The atmospheric pressure microwave plasma combined with catalyst can reduce the microwave power and increase the destruction and removal efficiency and energy efficiency. The combination technology has a good potential to be used as an integrated technology for abating PFCs from complicated gas streams of semiconductor manufacturing processes.
An Explorement of Multi-Habitat Ecological Pond with Situ Water Purification Technology in Treating Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Petrochemical Wastewater
Authors: Yu Ya Qin , Lu Xi Wu
Published: June 2012

The objective is to explore degradation and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in each unit of pond when using an artificially enhanced ecological system treats petrochemical wastes. The system consists of anoxic pond, the aerobic pond and aquatic plants pond, aiming to achieve a coordinate treatment effect in the multi-habitat system. The system combines treatment effects including assimilation, decomposition, interception, absorption, adsorption and filtration of microorganisms, aquatic plants and soil in the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic state. It shows that the system has a good removal effect on COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP, and the removal rate range for each is 26.7% ~ 48.6%, 55.4% ~ 91.3%, 20.4% ~ 43.6% and 25.7% ~ 46.4%, respectively. It is also found that the treatment effects change with seasons, which are the best in summer because of vigorous plant growth and strong microbial activity. In conclusion, the system has a higher efficiency to remove nitrogen and phosphorus than the traditional stabilization pond technology.
Analysis for the Impact of Loadings in the Formation Process of Aerobic Granular Sludge
Authors: Lin Ting , Wang Xin Gang , Tang Yu Bin , Chen Fang Yan
Published: June 2012

The aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in the self-designed sequencing batch reactors (SBR) using ordinary flocculent activated sludge as seeding sludge. In this experiment the effect of different load on the formation of aerobic granular sludge is studied. The formation process of aerobic granular sludge and the capacity of denitrification and phosphorus performance are discussed and characterized. It shows that higher sludge loading is beneficial to the formation of aerobic granular sludge, and mature aerobic granular sludge has high sedimentation speed and the very good decontamination ability. The removal rates of COD, NH4+Subscript text-N and TP are 97%, 85% and 95%.
Analysis of Exhaust Gas Pollution Processing of Z12V190 Diesel Engine for Petroleum Drilling
Authors: Hou Xue Jun , Xiao Peng
Published: June 2012

With the increasingly prominent problem regarding rapid economy development and a gradually serious environmental pollution, the waste gas pollution processing have received significant attention. Z12V190 diesel engine for petroleum drilling has high fuel consumption and releases large amounts of harmful waste gas into the atmosphere to cause serious environmental pollution. In this work, the mainly harmful components of Z12V190 exhaust gas are analysed, the corresponding methods of purification and processing about Z12V190 exhaust gas pollution discussed. In order to purify treatment pollution, and ultimate to lay the foundation for pollution treatment, the process flows of the exhaust gas pollution processing are preliminary designed.
Application of Anoxic-Aerobic Biological Process for Treatment of Compositive Electroplating Wastewater
Authors: Guo Yong Fu , Wu Wei , Huang Wen Cheng , Zhang Hong , Liu Yong Jian , Xu Le Zhong , Huang Tian Yin
Published: June 2012

In this paper, different physicochemical processes are used to remove heavy metals in electroplating wastewater containing nickel, chromium and fluorine. More, the three items of phosphate, NH4+-N and CODcr are also needed to be decreased to meet discharge standards. Based on the various characteristics of electroplating wastewater, biochemistry technologies are used to improve the effluent quality after pretreatment for actual origin wastewater. Anoxic reactor and biological aerated filter are employed as biological processes (A/O process) to decrease the effluent concentration of CODcr and NH4+-N. The results show that the system effluent meets the national standard of “Emission Standard of Pollutants for Electroplating” (GB 21900-2008), and NH4+-N item reaches the local standard of “Discharge Standard of Main Water Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant & Key Industries of Taihu Area” (DB 32/1072-2007). The modified A/O process realizes a high denitrification removal of 80%, and the operation cost is only 2.67 Yuan/m3.
Application of QUAL2E Model to Analysis the Permissible Pollution Bearing Capacity of Water Bodies in City Water Area
Authors: Liu Dong Feng , Qiao Peng , Zhang Li Ping , Song Min , Liu Shuai
Published: June 2012

Quantitative simulation of pollutions in river was the foundation of method to plan and manage river. The study used QUAL2E model to simulate pollutants changes, and permissible pollution bearing capacity of water bodies of Rizhao city was analyzed, then quantity goal of pollution reduced was calculated. The result can provide technical support for water resources protection plan of Rizhao city.