bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Risk Factors in Healthy Infants
Authors: Naeem Riffat , Rafique Farah , Amin Hamail , Badar Andleeb , Sohail Hira , Ijaz Farhat
Published: May 2022

Background: The deficiency of vitamin b12 is highly extensive within the developed countries and is often found to remain undiagnosed within these populations. the main feature within infants suffering from vitamin b12 deficiency is altered neurological development and generalized growth. Effects of vitamin b12 deficiency on the brain can be prevented. To avoid these morbidities and mortality associated with vitamin b12 deficiency it is pivotal for clinicians to understand what other risk factors are associated with a deficiency within the infant population of developing countries. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 healthy infants for the assessment of Vitamin B12 at Pediatric Department of LGH, Lahore from March 2021 to August 2021. Participants were selected who were healthy. After recruitment, participants underwent hematological and biochemical indices analysis. Hemoglobin, serum vitamin b12, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid were different parameters measured. Maternal vitamin b12 deficiency was investigated along with risk factor vitamin b12 deficiency in healthy infants. Results: A total of 82 recruited participants were selected after screening and meeting the recruitment criteria. After assessment of hematological data, anemia was diagnosed in 67.82% of infants (n=56). The breakdown of the anemic population showed that the male population was predominant with 58.2% affected males and 41.8% affected females. Decreased levels of plasma vitamin b12 concentration were documented in 22% of the population with a total number of 18 participants (male: 11, female: 7). Increased levels of homocysteinemia were documented in 49.1% of infants with n=40. Increased levels of methylmalonic acid were appreciated in all infants. As defined by previous criteria, the diagnosis of vitamin b12 deficiency was appreciated in 30 infants with a percentage of 38%. Furthermore, an assessment of folate deficiency showed that 8 out of 82 participants had concurrent folate deficiency in red cells with a percentile prevalence of 9.7%. maternal vitamin b12 deficiency was considered as risk factor for infant vitamin b12 deficiency Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin b12 deficiency in healthy infants is significantly high in developing and underdeveloped countries. Vitamin b12 deficiency cooccurs with anemia and other variation of biological markers. The study concluded that among the various risk factors that may predispose an infant to vitamin b12 deficiency, maternal b12 deficiency remains the highest appreciated risk factor. Keywords: Vitamin B12, Risk Factors, Vitamin B12 deficiency, Maternal B12
Clinical Utility and Accuracy of UTI Calculator for Estimating the Probability of Urinary Tract Infection in Young Febrile Children
Authors: Khan Asif , Rashidullah Mohammad , Rahman Sami Ur , Khan Noorshad , din Nizamu , Ullah Mohib
Published: May 2022

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of the UTI Calculator (UTI Calc) in predicting UTI in children by comparing the results of urine culture sensitivity tests (C/S). Study Design: Cross-sectional/descriptive study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Urology Ward of Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat during the period from 1st June 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methods: A total of eighty five children having ages from 4 to 24-months were presented. Children with fever >38oC were included. Following informed written agreement from the authorities, the demographics of enrolled cases were documented. Efficacy of UTI calculator was assessed in terms of diagnosing urinary tract infection among children. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: Among 85 cases, majority were male 50 (58.8%) infants and 35 (41.2%) were females. The mean age of the children was 8.44±7.65 years. Frequency of UTI was found among 9 (10.6%) febrile infants. Among 85 patients clinical UTI was high in 45 (52.9%) cases and by urine examination UTI found among 10 (10.6%) cases. Frequency of sensitivity was 100% and specificity 96%. E. coli was the predominant bacterium in 10 (11.8%) and urine cultures positive in (7.1%). Conclusion: In children, just a few clinical signs and symptoms are helpful in diagnosing or ruling out a urinary tract infection. Clinical prediction rules may be more accurate, but they need be externally verified. Urine collection should not be limited to children who have an unexplained fever or other symptoms that imply a urinary tract infection.
Comparison of Caudal Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine-tramadol Combination for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Shamsuddin Abdul Sattar , Siddiqui Maqsood Ahmed , Zeb Anum , Chaudhry Abid Rafiq , Ali Tayyab , Shaikh Mamoona
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim of current study is to determine the effectiveness of caudal bupivacaine and bupivacaine-tramadol combination for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Study Design: Randomized Control trial Place and Duration: Department of Anesthesiology Surgical ICU & Pain Management Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur and Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, during the period from March 2021 to August 2021. Methods: There were 110 children of both genders with ages 2-8 years undergoing lower abdominal surgery were included in this study. A detailed demographics of enrolled patients, including age, sex, and weight were computed after obtaining informed written consent from each individual. Patients were equally divided in two groups. Group I had 55 patients and received combination of tramadol (1 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (0.5 ml/kg of 0.25%) and group II received only bupivacaine 0.5 ml/kg of 0.25% after induction of anesthesia in caudal epidural space. Post-operatively pain score, requirement of rescue analgesia and sedation score was assessed and compared among both groups. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: There majority males 35 (63.6%) in group I and 32 (58.2%) in group II. In group I mean age of the patients was 5.9±4.61 years and in group II mean age were 4.8±9.44 years. Mean weight of the patients in group I was 17.6±4.52 kg and in group II mean weight was 19.5±7.34 kg. During the first 24 hours, we noticed a reduced pain score in the bupivacaine–tramadol group. When it comes to postoperative analgesia, the bupivacaine-tramadol group had much longer analgesia durations and a significantly lower need for rescue analgesia with p value <0.003. Postoperative frequency of adverse effects in group II was greater found in 4 (7.3%) cases as compared to group I in 1 (1.8%) patients. Conclusion: In children having abdominal surgery, we found that caudal tramadol with bupivacaine provided more extended and better quality postoperative analgesia than plain bupivacaine. Keywords: Tramadol, Bupivacaine, Abdominal Surgery, Pain Score, Rescue Analgesia
Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome among Young Adults
Authors: Kumar Prem , Memon Ehsan Rahim , Arshad Imran , Zeb Shaista
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: Nutrient absorption, dietary pattern, and food ingestion might be affected by a common gastrointestinal disorder known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with nutrition-related parameters, inferring irritable bowel syndrome which increases the potential risk for metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study aimed to assess the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome among young adults. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 428 adults between 16 and 60 years at the Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Isra University Hospital, Halaroad Hyderabad from January 2019 to December 2021. Anthropometry and biochemistry were used in screening out the individual health check-up. The presence and absence of metabolic syndrome were identified based on the results. Individuals with a history of metabolic syndrome or already on medication for dyslipidemia or diabetic Mellitus or hypertension were excluded. Results: Of the total patients, the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome was 18 (4.2%) and 132 (30.8%) respectively. The proportion of irritable bowel syndrome was insignificant in patients with or without metabolic syndrome (1.9% versus 4.1% respectively; p=0.5). Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome had a significantly higher mean weight 74.5 kg versus 66.8 kg; p=0.007). The mean value of body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting glucose was 27.6 versus 23.8 kg; p=0.001, 87.6 versus 84.3 cm, and 97 versus 88 mg/dl; p<0.000) respectively. Conclusion: In our study, we discovered an insignificant association between irritable bowel syndrome and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Furthermore, the study findings suggested that irritable bowel syndrome treatment could be used to prevent metabolic syndrome as a potentially beneficial factor. Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, Metabolic syndrome, Prevalence, Young adults.
Level of Satisfaction in Geriatrics by Physiotherapy Treatment for Musculoskeletal Conditions
Authors: Akhtar Huma , , Khan Agha Salman , Nawaz Abdullah , Farooq Ayesha , Ijaz Nimra , Waris Sadaf
Published: May 2022

Background: Patient Satisfaction is a standard which measures the level of contentment patients get after having a physiotherapy treatment for the musculoskeletal conditions. Mostly, geriatric population has a greater tendency to suffer from musculoskeletal problems so the research we conducted was purely based upon the satisfaction among elderly people in Pakistan. Objective: The purpose of this study was to check the level of patient satisfaction with musculoskeletal physical therapy treatment and the factors which influence patient satisfaction. Methodology: A cross sectional study using a validated outcome measurement tool (patient satisfaction questionnaire); designed by Arcade university of Applied Sciences in Finland. The Questionnaire comprised of 20 questions and terms used in questionnaire were 1-totally dissatisfied, 2- dissatisfied, 3- neutral, 4- satisfied, 5- totally satisfied. The researcher directly interviewed 400 patients in government hospitals of Punjab like Lahore, Sialkot, Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Multan during the time period of June 2020 to Nov 2020. The research included patients with musculoskeletal problems varies between the ages of 54-74 years. Results were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The results were analyzed by SPSS Statistics 21, demonstrated Totally Dissatisfied 22%, Dissatisfied 31%, Neutral 13%, Satisfied 19% and Totally Satisfied were 15% with physiotherapy services. Conclusion: This outcome of the study concluded a high level of dissatisfaction of 22% in geriatrics by physiotherapy treatment for musculoskeletal conditions. The results of this study concluded that patient centered approach was not followed by physiotherapist and hence it leads to high level of dissatisfaction in geriatrics. Keywords: Patient satisfaction, musculoskeletal problems, Government sector, Physiotherapy treatment.
Precetion of Stress and Satisfaction among Student Traditionl to Online Classroom
Authors: Tariq Mariya , Waris Misbah , Mazhar Mehreen , Mubashir Rida , Mushtaq Sumbal , Waris Sadaf
Published: May 2022

Background: Online education is a newer strategy of imparting knowledge .it is two_ way and involves both teachers and students in a virtual environment. Recently, there has been a booming escalation in efforts to shift traditional classrooms into virtual ones. But this has not come without challenges to both teachers and students. Objective: The purpose of current research is determining the level of satisfaction a stress in the students due to the shift from traditional to online classroom. Methodology: This Research reports research from students from medical colleges and universities in an attempt to determine satisfaction and stress due to online in higher education. The sample size was calculated to be N=206.As per inclusion criteria, members of STUDENTS from Lahore, who had previous experience in traditional classes for at least 3 months, Students who had traditional experience of less than 3 months were excluded. Frequencies were calculated to find out prevalence of stress and satisfaction among students after transition of traditional to online classrooms. Results: More than half of the students were satisfied with the online learning and the students have a moderate level of stress during E Learning . Approximately 75% of students agreed that at times it was stressful. One line learning is enhances their self studying habit’(88.1%).Most of the students were pleased with the response of the departments concerned to any problems in the online tests ,classes, and course material. Conclusion: Although recently adopted, the satisfaction of the students towards online classes appears good and prioritizing the identified predictors and working on the weal; inks could assist in enhancing student’s satisfaction an better outcomes. Keywords: Virtual Classroom, Perceived Stress Score, Learning, Stressors, Student Satisfaction, Student Stress.
Outcome and Factors Associated with Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shahzad Asim , Shah Syed Aamir , Kanth Rayif Rashid , Mallah Fahmida Arab , . Muzamil , Mari Abdul Razaque
Published: May 2022

Aim: To assess the factors which determine the outcome of poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Pakistan Surgical Center Islamabad Pakistan from April 2020 to April 2021 Methodology: The current study involved 19 patients who had a poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and their different factors were assessed. The inclusion criteria for the study was a diagnosis of poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (grade IV or grade V as defined by World Federation of Neurological Surgeons) at the time of admission, confirmation and grading of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by CT scans (Fisher grading system), and the aneurysm’s presence has been further confirmed by four-vessel angiography. Results: The incidence of poor-grade patients among all the patients admitted for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was 11.89% in our study. We observed that out of 19 patients, 13 had surgeries, and among that, a good outcome was observed in 53.8% of patients. Whereas the 7 patients who were conservatively treated died. Conclusion: If patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are operated (craniotomy with clipping of aneurysm) on within 3 days, they have a 50% chance of giving rise to favorable outcomes. Keywords: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Poor grade, Glasgow outcome scale
Incidence and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors in Chronic Hepatitis Type C Affected Patients
Authors: Poorani Kuldeep , Kalhoro Mohammad Amjad , Ahmed Atif , Ali Kashif , Bano Safia , . Bedar , Khan Bakhat
Published: May 2022

Background: Type II diabetes is common among patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aim of the study is to govern the risk factors and prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis C patients. Place and Duration: The study was held among 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C enrolled in the Liver Clinic of Bilawal Medical College Hospital Kotri one-year duration from January 2019 to January 2020. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus who encountered the exclusion and inclusion principles were selected. Sex, height, age, smoking history, weight, body mass index and family history of diabetes were recorded, blood pressure was measured, and serum transaminase, total bilirubin, and albumin were tested. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS 23.0 statistics. The chi-square test was applied. Results: Hundred patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected for the study, 58(50%) were male and 42 (42%) were female (Fig. 1). While the number of diabetic patients among HCV patients was 24 (30%), 56 patients (70%) had chronic hepatitis C without diabetes. The study group age varies from 32 to 73 years, with the mean being 45.42 ± 9.15. 52 of the 100 patients were under 45 years of age (13 diabetic, 39 non-diabetic). In contrast, 48 patients were over 45 years of age (21 diabetics, 27 not). In the study group, family history with diabetes was positive in 35 (35%) of 100 patients, with diabetes and HCV in 21 and in 14 HCV without diabetes. The smoking history was positive in 33 (33%) of the 100 patients in the study group. The total number of subjects with less than 30 kg / m2 BMI were 62 (62%) and patients with a body mass index above 30 kg / m2 were 38. Conclusion: Aging, elevated BMI and diabetes mellitus family history are considered risk factors for developing type-II diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis C affected patients. Keywords: Type-II diabetes mellitus, Chronic Hepatitis C, Prevalence, risk factors.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Polymorphism and Soluble Immune Checkpoint Level Among A Sample of Sars-Cov-2 Iraqi Patients
Authors: Talib Anmar Layth , Kadhim Haider Sabah , Muhammed Amar Kasim
Published: May 2022

Objective: To Evaluate the Roley of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytek antigen 4 Polymorphism and soluble immune checkpoint level (PD-1,PDL-1 and CTLA-4 ) in SARS-Cov-2 patients. Methods: Fromt October 2020 to April 2021, the currentk study was conducted in Baghdad-Iraq. Ninety patients with Confirmatory SARS-Cov-2 by PCR were inclusion in the study, and they were seeking treatment at Medical City in Baghdad's Teaching Hospital (BTH). Patients with SARS-Cov-2 were divided into two groups: those with Sever SARS-Cov-2 symptom and those with mild - moderate SARS-Cov-2 symptoms (cross sectional study. Patients with another form of autoimmune illness, malignant, diabetes, under the age of 18 and pregnant women were excluded. Results: Data regarding serum level of CTLA-4f, PD-1j and PD-L1 in mild-moderate and severe covid19 patients were found to be non-normally distributed. The median serum level of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 mild-moderate groups were much lower than that of severe cases with highly significant differences. Age demonstrated a positive significant correlation with each of CTLA-4 (r= 0.281, p= 0.007), PD-1 (r= 0.282, p= 0.007) and PD-L1 (r= 0.219, p= 0.039). Soluble CTLA-4 had a positive significant correlation with each of PD-1 (r=0.714, p<0.001) and PD-L1 (r= 0.602, p<0.001). Allele specific of CTLA-4(+49G/A) PCR was used for gene amplification and genotyping under Gel electrophoresis of PCR products revealed that this SNP had three genotypes in mild/moderate and severe cases of COVID-19. These were GG, GA and AA. The wild homozygous genotype (AA) was more frequent among severe group than mild-moderate group with a significant difference. Conclusion: Soluble Immune checkpoint markers are significantly increased in patients with covoid-19 in severe cases and soluble immune checkpoint markers are positively significant correlation with age and The genotyping CTLA-4(+49G/A) gene SNP (AG and GG by allele specific PCR) was significantly higher in mild-moderate covid-19 cases in which may indicate that this SNP mostly protective with good prognosis. Keywords: Immune checkpoint, CTLA-4, PD1, PDL-1 and COVID-19.
ISK Factors for Progressive Visual Field Loss in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rajper Arslan Hassan , Rajput Arsalan Ahmed , Mirza Azfar Ahmed , Khan Nisar Ahmed , Maree Ghazi Khan , Bhatti Urooj
Published: May 2022

Aim: To assess the risk factors of visual field defects in primary open-angle glaucoma Study design: A retrospective cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Institute of Ophthalmology LUMHS, Jamshoro from May 2020 to April 2021 Methodology: This study comprised a total of 100 participants with glaucoma. Males outnumbered females in the gender distribution. Instead of using a formal definition defined by the investigators, a clinical diagnosis of POAG was used in this investigation. In the presence of gonioscopically open anterior chamber angles in both eyes, POAG was pragmatically defined as glaucomatous visual field defects (GVFD). Results: Primary open-angle glaucoma affected 80 percent of men and 20 percent of women. The prevalence of open-angle glaucoma was 44 percent in the 55-65-year-old group, and 30 percent in the 45-54-year-old group. In 44 percent of instances, the eyesight loss lasted two years, whereas 31 percent had a one-year history. Hypertension was observed in 23.5 percent of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, followed by myopia and diabetes. Conclusion: It was observed that hypertension was the leading risk factor of Primary Open angle glaucoma, followed by myopia, family history, diabetes, and smoking. Keywords: Glaucoma, risk factors, hypertension, diabetes
Antimicrobial Activity of Mixed Lactobacilli in Combination with Antibiotics Against Bacterial Pathogens Causing Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Jassim Shireen Moyaed , Algburi Ammar
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of CFS of the selected lactobacilli, alone and in combination with antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with chronic otitis media. In addition, we investigated the ability of tested lactobacilli (a mixed of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum) to co-aggregate with the isolated pathogens.. One hundred sixty-two ear swab were collected from patients had otitis media with chronic discharging . These patients attended to the ENT department in the medical consultation clinic at Baquba Teaching Hospital and to private doctors’ clinics. Ear swabs were taken from both sexes, male and female starting from September to the end of December, 2021. The isolates were identified based on their morphological features of the colonies and some biochemical tests. The final identification and antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial isolates was confirmed by VITEK2 compact system. The results showed that 113 samples were positive for bacterial culture, while 30 samples were negative growth, mostly identified as fungi. A total of 113 bacterial species isolated from 162 otitis media samples were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The highest predominant bacterial agents were P. aeruginosa 52 (32%), S. aureus 40 (24.7%), followed by P. mirabilis 14 (8.64%), and K. pneumoniae 7 (4.32%). The obtained results showed that the highest rate of infection was identified in male rather than in female. In antibiotic susceptibility testing, 16 types of antibiotics was evaluated against four bacterial species using VITEK2 system. In addition, disk diffusion assay was utilized in order to perform antimicrobial combinations. The susceptibility of bacterial species were various among these antibiotics. It was noticed that ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all the isolated bacteria with the lowest MIC in comparison to the other antibiotics. We evaluated the effect of ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of mixed lactobacilli against the four isolates using disk diffusion assay. Our results showed that the CFS produced by the mixed lactobacilli have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of bacterial pathogens. Moreover, CFS in combination with ciprofloxacin was more effective against pathogenic isolates than using ciprofloxacin alone. Co-aggregation of the selected mixed lactobacilli strains with the four bacterial isolates were evaluated in order to investigate the competitive activity of the tested lactobacilli with the isolated pathogens. Keywords: Otitis media, Mixed lactobacilli, Cell Free Supernatant, Co-aggregation, Antimicrobial combinations
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Mean Postoperative Pain Score in Hemorrhoidectomy using a Bipolar Vessel Sealing System Ligasure with Conventional open Diathermy Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Naz Kiran , Razzaque Amreen A. , Mahmood Misbah , Rind Waqas , Sozera Farhan , Salim Areebah
Published: May 2022

Background: Hemorrhoids are one of the most frequent anorectal disorders and are responsible for considerable patient suffering and disability. Excisional hemorrhoidectomy is considered the gold standard1 for grade 3 and 4 haemorrhoids. Milligan Morgan haemorrhoidectomy by LigaSure is being investigated by a number of studies in the literature for its comparison with conventional diathermy method in terms of post-operative pain scores. Many studies favor the use of LigaSure in haemorrhoidectomy while other studies have found conventional methods to be either comparable or even superior to Ligasure. The purpose of this study was to know which method is superior, so that the better method would be preferred over the other one to minimize the post-operative pain, the major cause of post-operative morbidity and also to reduce the post-operative analgesia requirement, an important factor influencing the cost-effectiveness of the proposed method. Objective: To compare mean postoperative pain score in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy using Ligasure bipolar vessel sealing system with conventional open diathermy hemorrhoidectomy Methods: Patients aged between 20 to 60 years with symptomatic, third or fourth degree haemorrhoids were included in the study. Randomization to Group A (LigaSure group) or Group B (Diathermy group) was done using sealed envelopes with allocations to either procedure determined just prior to surgery. Perioperative medical treatment was standardized. Operative time was recorded. Patients were inquired about the pain score by using Visual analogue score at 24 hours post-operatively. Numbers of doses of analgesia required in 24 hours were also recorded. Results: Mean age of the patients was 42.05 ± 10.82 years. Study population consisted of 60 % males and 40% females. Mean operative time was significantly lower in Group A (17.10 ± 2.15 min) than Group B (24.63 ± 3.17 min) (P-value ˂ 0.001). Mean VAS score at 24 hours post-operatively was also significantly lower in Group A (2.07± 2.13) versus Group B (4.67± 1.62) (P-value ˂ 0.001). Mean number of doses of analgesia requirement in 24 hours post-operatively was also found to be significantly lower in Group A (0.97± 0.41) compared to Group B (2.17± 0.53) (P-value ˂ 0.001). Conclusion: LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy is significantly better than conventional method of open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy in terms of post-operative pain scores and post-operative analgesia requirement and it can be preferred over the conventional method due to its effect on reducing the morbidity and reducing the cost of analgesia requirement. Keywords: Hemorrhoids, LigaSure, Hemorrhoidectomy, Milligan-Morgan
Antiaging Effects of a Poly Herbal Extract in Comparison with Vitamin E on Aging Induced Mice
Authors: Qaragholi Zena M , Raghif Ahmed Rahmah Abu- , Kadhim Enas Jawad
Published: May 2022

Background: Herbal medicine has been used from antient times to defy aging as cleopatra used several herbs as a drink or topically and pomegranate was a main herb used in her system, it was named the fruit of immortality. Combining three herbs into one preparation is recommended to increase medicinal benefits while reducing toxicity and to obtain a synergistic effect. In this study we have found that a polyherbal (Apium graveolens, Carthamus tinctorius, Punica granatum) extract from Iraqi origin have gave a stronger effect than vitamin E. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the poly herbal extract in vitro as an antiaging and antioxidant agent in comparison with vitamin E, which is considered as one of the most potent anti aging agents. Materials and methods: forty mice were orally treated and divided into 4 groups ( all were induced with D- Galactose for aging accept the positive control): the first group was positive control, the second was negative control while the third group was treated with vitamin E, and the last group with the polyherbal extract. Later a number of biochemical tests were conducted to evaluate its effectiveness including; test of catalase, GSH-PX, GHS and oxidative stress parameters Results: Our research showed that treated groups with the herbal extract showed great results compared the group treated with vitamin E. Lower levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were shown to be associated with reduced levels of MMP-1 upregulation, collagen loss, and increased levels of Nrf2 nuclear accumulation. The polyherbal extract we found, upregulated Nrf2 and reduced ROS production and oxidative damage by D- Galactose. Conclusion: According to the results of our research, the polyherbal extract may be a promising candidate for the prevention of aging signs induced by the intake of D- Galactose. The antioxidant action of vitamin E (VE) makes it an essential nutrient and an important antioxidant to defy aging. Deficit (VED) of VE leads to central nervous system, reproductive and immunological disorders leading to aging. However, this study showed that the polyherbal extract we used gave much better results than vitamin E in preventing aging signs. Keywords: Biochemical analysis, Apium graveolens, Carthamus tinctorious, Punica granatum, Antiaging
Biosynthesis, Antibacterial Activity, The Photocatalytic Performance of ZNO NPS by use of Leaf Extract of the Plant Primo Fiore
Authors: Hazim Karrar , Khudair Zahraa F , Kadhim Iman K. , Mohamed Lidia , Hameed Ghusoon Faidhi , Alyasiri Faris J.
Published: May 2022

The leaf extract of the plant Primo Fiore was used in this study to synthesize environmentally-friendly nanotechnologies. This eco-friendly method is non-toxic and does not hurt the environment. The approach is cost-effective, simple to use, and extremely efficient, with the ability to adjust the properties of the resultant compounds. For example, the ZnO compound can be controlled using the same plant extract and reaction. The impact of calcination temperature on the physical properties of ZnO NPs has been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to determine the structural and chemical composition of ZnO NPs (EDX). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the morphological features of produced nanoparticles (TEM). The existence of functional groups was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), according to the FESEM pictures. Most of the nanoparticles are on the nanoscale. This study demonstrated the efficacy of zinc oxide in the treatment of wastewater pollution for the degradation of colors in organic contaminants in the water medium, destroying the dye rhodamine B and its antibacterial properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) have been demonstrated to have a good antibacterial capability against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in this study, to investigate the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Keywords: ZnO NPs; degradation of dye Rh. B ; anti-bacterial; plant Primo Fiore
Role of Autophagy Markers (Light Chain 3B and Beclin-1) in Pathogenicity of Breast Cancer in a Sample of Iraqi Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mussawi Aamal Awda Al- , Alabassi Hazma Mossa
Published: May 2022

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women and the second greatest cause of cancer death. There are relatively little data available on the role of autophagy markers in pathogenicity of breast cancer in the Iraqi population. We have therefore investigated the role of Baclin-1 and LC3-B in pathogenicity of breast cancer in Iraqi women. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to assess the role of Bacline-1 and LC3-B in pathogenicity of breast cancer in Iraqi women. The study included 50 patients with BC age matched with 50 healthy individuals served as a control group. The Baclin-1 and LC3-B concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: Body mass index (BMI) were significantly increase in patients with BC compared to the controls. Serum Baclin-1 and LC3-B levels in cases were significantly higher (P= 0.001) than those in controls. According to histological tumor characteristics. Grade 2 and stage IIA were significantly higher in BC patients and the tumor grade and stage did not show any significant associations with serum levels of Bacline-1 and LC3-B. No significant correlation between serum levels of Baclin-1 and LC3-B (r = 0.034; P = 0.812). Conclusion: The study indicated that the Beclin-1 and LC3-B my consider a good biomarkers for progression of BC and it could be a therapeutic target to reduce the aggressiveness of disease. Keywords: Breast cancer; Baclin-1; Light Chain3B.
Recurrence Free Survival and Patterns of Recurrence in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Institutional Perspective
Authors: Khan Saqib Raza , Tariq Muhammad , Rashid Yasmin Abdul , Shah Samad Jehangir , Zahir Muhammad Nauman , Jabbar Adnan Abdul , Moosajee Munira , Afzal Muhammad , Soomar Salman
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine recurrence-free survival, patterns of loco-regional and systemic recurrence in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective Study at the Department of Oncology in a tertiary care Hospital, Karachi Pakistan from January 2013 to December 2019. We studied the sample size of 67 adults of 18 to 70 years of age, diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and treated primarily with curative intent. All patients received complete treatment for the primary disease in our institution and data was extracted retrospectively from the hospital's medical record. Records were reviewed for recurrence of disease and patterns of loco regional and systemic recurrence. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 67 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 65 patients (97%) had a complete clinical and radiological response on the follow up scans performed at three months after the completion of curative treatment. However 2 (3%) patients had disease recurrence/residual disease on first follow up scan. Subsequent follow ups showed cancer recurrence was observed in 60 (89.5%) patients, out of which 10 (14.9%) had loco regional while 7 (10.5 %) had systemic only recurrence. Most of the patients (n= 43; 64.1%) had systemic as well loco regional recurrences. The most frequent site of distant metastasis was the liver (66 %). The median recurrence free survival was 09 months (IQR= 8, 15). Conclusion: This retrospective analysis highlights the patterns of recurrence after curative treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and indicates high recurrence rates which is expected for an aggressive disease like pancreatic carcinoma. By better understanding the patterns of recurrence, it can help in identifying subsets of patients with high risk of recurrence as well as in managing such patients more effectively. Keywords: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, clinical outcomes, recurrence, metastasis, progression- free survival.
Hepatitis C Prevalence in Patients Attending a Free Cataract Surgery Camp in Paharpur DI Khan
Authors: Naveel Tania , Sultan Daud , Baloch Hammal Khan Naseer
Published: May 2022

Hepatitis C is a major public health concern in developing countries. Early research has shown that the prevalence of HCV is extremely high. This has raised questions regarding how preventive measures will be distributed and implemented in the future on a larger scale. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis C in people who were getting cataract surgery at a free eye camp as a potential occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Taking place from the 15th to the 18th of October 2021 in the city of Paharpur, DI Khan, a free eye camp was hosted at the Welfare Hospital. In the study, all the patients who were scheduled for cataract surgery were included. For the screening of these patients for antibodies to Hepatitis C, the Kit Method was utilised. All the information was recorded using a methodical proforma that was followed. The data was analysed to estimate the average age, gender distribution, and prevalence of Hepatitis C in the population. A total of 106 patients scheduled for cataract surgery were tested for hepatitis C. The results were negative. A total of 36 (34 percent) of the patients tested positive for Hepatitis C, with the average age being 61 years old. A basic infection control protocol must be always maintained, even if free eye camps are a fantastic activity for restoring sight to the visually impaired. The development and implementation of legal protocols for these camps should be the responsibility of the government. In addition to posing a concern for the public, this also poses a threat to health-care workers.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Real Estate Market: Evidence from U.S. REITs
Authors:   Dolan School of Business, Fairfield University, Zhang Ying , Hansz J. Andrew , Prombutr Wikrom ,   College of Business, The University of Texas at Arlington,   College of Business Administration, California State University, Long Beach
Published: May 2022

We examine how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects the monthly performance of U.S. real estate investment trusts (REITs) from 1985 to 2018. First, a positive shock in EPU impairs contemporaneous REIT returns but predicts higher positive future returns. Such a return reversion has not been previously documented, and we provide some explanations. Second, although EPU can explain for the current returns of both equity and mortgage REITs, EPU is unable to predict the future returns of mortgage REITs. Third, breaking down the main EPU index into its four components, we find that the impact of EPU is primarily from the broad newspaper coverage of policy-related economic uncertainties while the other components are less influential. Our results indicate that policy uncertainty can affect the value of real estate assets, and EPU is an economically important factor for understanding and pricing REITs.
Pattern and treatment needs of traumatized anterior permanent teeth in a sub-urban area in Lagos State
Authors: RA Piponsuhu , MO Agbaje , MO Osisanya , A Oyapero
Published: May 2022

Aims: The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence, pattern and treatment needs of traumatized permanent anterior teeth of secondary school children aged 11–15 years in Ojokoro Local Council Development Area, Lagos (South West Nigeria). Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1265 secondary school children from both private and public secondary schools in Ojokoro Local Council Development Area, Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select study participants. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection and school children with positive history of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) had intra-oral examination to determine the type of fracture sustained, tooth involved, number of tooth/teeth affected and type of treatment received. Results: The prevalence of TDI was 16.7%. Private school children had a higher prevalence (24.3%) compared with those in public schools (15.1%) [p = 0.001]. More males were affected with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1 (p = 0.003). The maxillary arch was more involved (95.7%) and majority of the respondents (93.8%) had a single tooth injury. The maxillary central incisors were mostly affected (86.3%); the most common type of fracture was enamel fracture (56.4%) and most of these injuries occurred at home. Conclusion: Traumatic dental injuries require prompt attention to prevent the ensuing complications of delayed treatment. School and community based oral health education should be carried out in order to create the neccessary awareness about traumatic dental injuries and to encourage prompt management.
O uso de metodologias ativas e tecnologias para a educação inovadora na área da saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Schmidt Clenise Liliane , Souza Alcione Oliveira de , Silva Leonardo da
Published: May 2022

O objetivo é compreender como as metodologias ativas e a tecnologia tem sido utilizadas no processo de formação de profissionais da área da saúde. Revisão integrativa, realizada a partir da BVS; utilização dos descritores: metodologia ativa, educação inovadora, tecnologia no ensino. Após aplicados critérios de busca foram selecionados 24 artigos, dos quais 12 utilizaram apenas metodologias ativas e 12 ferramentas tecnológicas atreladas a metodologias ativas como propostas de educação inovadora. Entre os principais efeitos observados a partir do uso de metodologias ativas e ferramentas tecnológicas estão: aumento do interesse dos estudantes, exercício da autonomia, criatividade, tomada de decisão e criticidade, maior motivação e aprendizado colaborativo. Cabe destacar a importância da formação continuada dos docentes, para avaliar quais metodologias e ferramentas tecnológicas mais se aplicam aos componentes curriculares que lecionam.
quality of health services during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Yuliartini Ni Putu Rai , Putra Ida Bagus Wyasa , Atmaja Gede Marhaendra Wija , Mangku Dewa Gede Sudika
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study was a descriptive qualitative research and it described the level of quality of hospital services and health workers which were reviewed based on health law. The writing of this article used secondary legal materials, namely books, journals, articles, and other written works originating from both print and internet media, and also phenomena that occured in the field. The results indicated that the quality of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia had triggered considerable public concern about COVID-19. Government policies were deemed ineffective in an effort to break the chain of distribution and had not been able to fully accommodate and guarantee the health of all levels of society, especially for health workers. Health workers in carrying out their duties were not guaranteed legal certainty potentially. In terms of health facilities, the condition of hospitals and health centers in Indonesia also experienced overload capacity and it led to the health care to not run quickly and effectively.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices about melanoma among pharmacy students in private institute
Authors: Jacob J. Abel Joe , Jayakumari S.
Published: May 2022

Aim - To Evaluate and compare the Knowledge, Attitude & Practice about melanoma among pharmacy students in private institute.Material and Methods- The study is carried out with a sample size of 109 students in VISTAS, Pallavaram, at Chennai. It is a web based cross –sectional study. The data were collected by e-questionnaire of 25 questions into 4 domains, where demographic details and questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of Melanoma where asked among pharmacy students in Chennai. Results- In our study questionnaire was circulated to 109 pharmacy students totally, all 109 pharmacy students have responded giving response rate of (100%) who is studying in private institution at Chennai. The statistical analysis was calculated based on review performed the data were entered into Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Conclusion- As per the study results the study participants have good knowledge, Attitudes and Practice towards melanoma. Most of our study participants were aware about melanoma, risk factors, causes and symptoms of melanoma. Both M.Pharm and pharm D have GOOD knowledge, Attitude, and practice. Compared to M.Pharm, pharm D have much better knowledge, Attitude and Practice.
Paddy plant leaf diseases identification using machine learning approach
Authors: Neware Shubhangi
Published: May 2022

Agriculture is the most important sector in the Indian Economy and gives contribution in the form of agricultural productivity. To increase the agricultural productivity, precise and on-time detection of crop diseases and pest is needed. Most of the times, farmers fail to take the necessary steps even if they may have been able to identify the problem. Moreover, in some rural areas farmers cannot get rid of these problems because they do not have proper knowledge or education on how to do so. Most of the cases involve leaf diseases which are not recognized properly, and farmers end up using insecticides which may not be suitable for that particular disease. This paper provide new techniques of image pre- processing and a new combination of feature set from the processed images to make a trained model that will show how accurate our methodology is to detect diseases accurately. In this work, Machine learning algorithms namely KNN and SVM are implemented which can detect leaf diseases accurately. Among various plant leaf diseases, Rice leaf disease is one of them. This work is based on three Rice leaf diseases, they are - Bacterial leaf blight, Leaf smut, Brown spot.
Device-based password management system (bulwark)
Authors: Pardhi Praful R. , Borikar Dilipkumar A. , Pardhi Manish , Shukla Gaurav
Published: May 2022

Password manager systems currently available for the users come with serious privacy and vulnerability issues of their own. This paper gives an introduction to Bulwark, a novel device-based password management system, which stores the login credentials on a mobile device, and can enter the credentials on any target device through an encrypted cross-platform system, only after being authenticated by the user biometrics to ensure that only the right user can fill the saved passwords. This technology aims to eliminate the need to trust and rely on third-party cloud-based services or computers with storing and managing our passwords, and has also resolved major privacy and vulnerability issues with the current options available for users.
Automated parking system with automatic number plate recognition
Authors: Kalyani K. , Gandhi Ekta , Pandey Shapath , Daware Yash , Rathi Vishakha , Tripathi Siddhi
Published: May 2022

With the growth of population in urban cities, there is a rapid increase in the number of vehicles and hence there is shortage of parking spaces. In this paper we provide a novel idea of automatic number plate detection and recognition along with allotment of parking space. The parking space is allocated in an efficient manner as distance traveled will be less.  The number plate detection is done by extracting the image from the video and the number is identified using Optical Character Recognition. The parking space algorithm uses sequential assignment of parking spaces; the algorithm is eventually improved to solve the real time parking allotment.
Design of deep recursive CNN model for detecting and classifying peston plant
Authors: Kalambe Kavita , Awachat Snehal , Raipure Shwetal
Published: May 2022

Automatic pest on plant detection in early stage is very essential for food quality control in the agriculture industry.  However, the visual method to identify pest on every plant by human is a cumbersome process and cannot be well suited in the agriculture field, because it is time consuming, less accurate and labor intensive. Pest on Plant and plant leaf disease are the major factors responsible for reducing the quality and quantity of food production. Detection at the earlier stage of pest growth and its killing would result in reducing its effect on plant and enhance the quality of food production. Various existing ways have been used to identify and classify pest on plant, but issues have not been resolved, and there is still a scope for improvement. This paper proposes a Deep Recursive Convolutional Neural Networks (DR-CNN) to improve the average running time and achieve high accuracy. DR-CNN model is integrating the convolution, ReLU and Max pooling Layer into single unit and call recursively.