bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toni Morrison’s transgressive literary preaching and folk songs as postmemory
Authors: Sy Ousseynou
Published: May 2021

This paper intends to study the sermons or ‘‘literary preaching’’ and folk songs in Toni Morrison’s fiction in the light of Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory. Drawing on Hirsch’s postmemory then, this paper articulates that the ‘‘literary preaching’’ and folk songs function within Morrison’s novelistic discourse as postmemory medium that presses against the erasure and the death of a culture and history. The folk songs and ‘‘literary preaching’’ are mediums of transgenerational transmission of trauma and history. Hirsch defines postmemory as the memories that the survivors of trauma bequeathed to their children and grandchildren. Hirsch presents photographs as the instrument through which postmemory is archived and conveyed. She talks about ‘‘photographic archive’’ since photographs can bring back their referents. In comparison, the sermons and folk songs are analyzed as ‘‘oral/aural archive’’, for they have the attribute of triggering memory and postmemory. Also, through her literary preaching, Morrison deconstructs and questions mainstream Christianity by blending it with unorthodox Christian practices. For example, Baby Suggs’ sermon in Beloved gives precedence to the flesh over the spirit, and this sermon is remembered throughout the text as a subdued metaphor.
Исследование механических свойств эпитаксиальных слоев метастабильных alpha- и ε-фаз Ga-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- методом наноиндентирования
Authors: Гузилова Л.И. , Гращенко А.С. , Бутенко П.Н. , Чикиряка А.В. , Печников А.И. , Николаев В.И.
Published: May 2021

The deformation and fracture resistance of α- and ε(κ)-Ga2O3 epitaxial layers grown on Al2O3 substrates were investigated by the nanoindentation technique. The calculated values of hardness H and Young modulus E are 18.7 and 283.4 GPa, and 17.5 and 256.1 GPa for α- and ε(κ)-Ga2O3 respectively. It was found that the fracture resistanse Klc is ~ 0.67 MPa·m1/2 for ε(κ)-Ga2O3, and 0.70 for α-Ga2O3.
Особенности локализации света неоднородной пленкой
Authors: Иванов-Омский В.И. , Истомин И.Е. , Singh M. , Ястребов С.Г.
Published: May 2021

The case is considered of light confinement within a thin inhomogeneous film of copper-doped amorphous carbon. The effect manifests itself due to light scattering by copper nanoparticles embedded in the film. The localization explains the increase of "two-phonon" absorption lines of infrared radiation by nanosized diamonds simultaneously existing in the film.
Особенности роста гетероструктур нитрида галлия на подложках кремния: управляемая пластическая деформация
Authors: Езубченко И.С. , Черных М.Я. , Перминов П.А. , Грищенко Ю.В. , Трунькин И.Н. , Черных И.А. , Занавескин М.Л.
Published: May 2021

Gallium nitride heterostructures were grown on silicon substrates by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. Substrate plastic deformations that occur during the growth process with the effective compressive stresses accumulation in the film were observed at temperatures of 930oC-975oC. An approach of silicon controlled plastic deformation by high-temperature annealing combined with the in situ SiNx layer growth after heterostructure epitaxy is proposed. This approach would simplify optimization of the gallium nitride heterostructures architecture for various technological tasks.
Microrrelatos para degustar
Authors: Figueroa Flórez Audy
Published: May 2021

Microrrelatos para degustar es una propuesta literaria para todo aquel que desee dejarse llevar por los senderos de la imaginación, amarrada esta a la realidad a veces desconcertante y fascinante. Estos relatos constituyen es un compendio de historias muy breves que son espejo de lo que todos vivimos, padecemos o llevamos por dentro. Es una crítica mordaz contra lo banal, insulso, los antivalores de una sociedad sin cardinalidad y sumergida en un océano de mermelada al que los dueños de nuestros sueños y aún de nuestros miedos, quieren que naveguemos por los siglos de los siglos. Es un libro cargado de rabia e impotencia y a la vez de esperanza en lo que no todo está perdido. Es un camino a la reflexión político-filosófica sobre nuestro devenir histórico y del papel que estamos desempeñando, más como actores pasivos, que como activos.
World, Science, and Education in the post-COVID era
Authors: Rodriguez Hortensia , Santiago Vispo Nelson
Published: May 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic, produced by a mutant strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has generated throughout the world, in the 21st century, a severe economic, social, and health crisis never saw before. It began in China at the end of December 2019, in Hubei (Wuhan city), where 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were reported, with seven severe patients. The first case was described on December 8, 2019, 1, and by March 2020, the WHO declares the global pandemic, which denotes its rapid global expansion 2.
Cuarentena y COVID-19, una percepción más allá de la infección
Authors: Domínguez-Amorocho Omar
Published: May 2021

El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS), cuyo agente causal es el Coronavirus SARS-CoV, surgió en 2003, sin embargo, a finales del 2019, se observó que un nuevo Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causaba una enfermedad similar a la influenza, denominada COVID-19 (acrónimo del inglés coronavirus disease 2019), la cual, presentaba desde síntomas respiratorios leves hasta lesiones pulmonares graves, y en algunos casos, cursando con insuficiencia multiorgánica y muerte 1,2,3.
Using Computational Methods to Improve Integrated Disease Management for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Secondary Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Luo Gang , Stone Bryan L , Sheng Xiaoming , He Shan , Koebnick Corinna , Nkoy Flory L
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) impose a heavy burden on health care. Approximately one-fourth of patients with asthma and patients with COPD are prone to exacerbations, which can be greatly reduced by preventive care via integrated disease management that has a limited service capacity. To do this well, a predictive model for proneness to exacerbation is required, but no such model exists. It would be suboptimal to build such models using the current model building approach for asthma and COPD, which has 2 gaps due to rarely factoring in temporal features showing early health changes and general directions. First, existing models for other asthma and COPD outcomes rarely use more advanced temporal features, such as the slope of the number of days to albuterol refill, and are inaccurate. Second, existing models seldom show the reason a patient is deemed high risk and the potential interventions to reduce the risk, making already occupied clinicians expend more time on chart review and overlook suitable interventions. Regular automatic explanation methods cannot deal with temporal data and address this issue well.

OBJECTIVE

To enable more patients with asthma and patients with COPD to obtain suitable and timely care to avoid exacerbations, we aim to implement comprehensible computational methods to accurately predict proneness to exacerbation and recommend customized interventions.

METHODS

We will use temporal features to accurately predict proneness to exacerbation, automatically find modifiable temporal risk factors for every high-risk patient, and assess the impact of actionable warnings on clinicians’ decisions to use integrated disease management to prevent proneness to exacerbation.

RESULTS

We have obtained most of the clinical and administrative data of patients with asthma from 3 prominent American health care systems. We are retrieving other clinical and administrative data, mostly of patients with COPD, needed for the study. We intend to complete the study in 6 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results will help make asthma and COPD care more proactive, effective, and efficient, improving outcomes and saving resources.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/27065
The Development of a Digital Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement for Adults With Chronic Disease (The Parsley Symptom Index): Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Williams Hants , Steinberg Sarah , Berzin Robin
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The monitoring and management of chronic illness has always been a challenge. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be powerful tools for monitoring symptoms and guiding treatment of chronic diseases, but the available PROM tools are either too broad or too disease specific for the needs of a primary care practice focused on longitudinal care.

OBJECTIVE

In this study we describe the development and preliminary validation of the Parsley Symptom Index (PSI).

METHODS

This prospective cohort study took place from January 5, 2018, to June 05, 2020, among a sample of 4621 adult patients at Parsley Health. After a review of literature, followed by binning and winnowing of potential items, a 45-item PROM that also served as a review of systems (ROS) was developed. The PSI was deployed and completed by patients via an online portal. Construct and face validity was performed by clinicians, tested on patients, and feasibility was measured by response rate, completion rate, and percentage of missing data.

RESULTS

The response rate for 12,175 collected PSIs was 93.72% (4331/4621) with a 100% item completion rate. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the model structure was satisfactory by a Comparative Fit Index of 0.943, Tucker–Lewis index of 0.938, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.028.

CONCLUSIONS

A 45-item ROS-style PROM designed to capture chronic disease symptoms was developed, and preliminary validation suggests that the PSI can be deployed, completed, and helpful to both patients and clinicians.
Ideological Cleavage under Open-list Proportional Representation: Parties’ Position toward the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Threshold
Authors: Al-Hamdi Ridho
Published: May 2021

This article examines the ideological position of Indonesia’s political parties in addressing the 2019 presidential threshold under the open-list proportional representation system. The article aims to determine the political cleavage among Indonesian political parties, whether classified into the ideological spectrum or the organisational degree. From a methodological standpoint, it is qualitative research by employing in-depth interviews and online news collection as a data gathering technique. The study’s finding depicts that the ideological cleavage is no longer relevant under the open-list proportional representation system because political parties eventually have pragmatical orientations rather than ideological onsiderations. It can be proven that the position of nationalist secular parties is not merely in the approval side but also in the denial and dilemma sides. Likewise, the position of nationalist Islamist parties can be found on two sides: denial and dilemma. This finding verifies that Indonesia’s ideological contestation is waning and inactive when political parties cope with power issues. On the contrary, the ideology is revived when it deals with religious and tribal affairs.
On some new paranormed sequence spaces defined by the matrix (D )(r,0,0,s)
Authors: Paul Avinoy
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we introduce some new paranormed sequence spaces and study some topological properties. Further, we determine α, β and γ-duals of the new sequence spaces and finally, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for characterization of matrix mappings.
Prolapsed Hemorrhoids Treatment Options
Authors: Saeed Kamal Ahmad , Faraj Faruq Hassan , Dhahir Hardi Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Hemorrhoids are among the most common complaints worldwide, ranging from painless rectal bleeding to prolapsed hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids can be classified into external and internal types. External hemorrhoids do not need any specific treatment unless they are cause pain, bleed or become thrombosed.

Methods: This study is a prospective study (case series study), approved by ethical committee, conducted on Fifty patients with prolapsed pile, 46 of whom were males and 4 were females and were collected in the span of 2 years from Sulaymaniyah Teaching hospital and Shar hospital. Topical application of mannitol included a gauze soaked with mannitol solution and applied to the prolapsed hemorrhoids.

Results: All the patients presented with prolapsed hemorrhoids, 46 of them were males and 4 of them were females. Most of patients were heavy workers (46%), while students made up (18%), employee (22%), retired (8%) and free workers (6%). The most common clinical presentations were constipation (72%), anal pain (68%), bleeding (50%), itching (14%), discharge (4%) and  prolapse only (6%).

Conclusions: Prolapsed hemorrhoid can be managed conservatively by topical application of mannitol as it decreases edema, causing the hemorrhoidal tissue to retract to its position.
Extremely High Environmental Turbulence as a Challenge to 21st Century System Management
Authors: Ignatskaya Marina A. , Malykhin Daniyil R.
Published: May 2021

The article actualizes the challenges of developing the theoretical and methodological basis for managing environmental turbulence in the 21st century under the unprecedented changes that have taken place both in the interpretation of the category of turbulence itself and the ability to manage it between the end of 2019 and the present in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis of the category of turbulence of the new type are presented, as well as its nature and content are determined. Conceptual approaches to the criteria for the effectiveness of turbulence management have been developed. The vector of the direction of the evolution of national systems of government in the era of total turbulence at the level of public policy has been defined. The experience of the best management practices at the beginning of 2021 is noted, which, however, shows that without the use of an arsenal of hard technologies it is not yet possible to curb the challenges of extremely high environmental turbulence. Based on the study, the authors made the conclusion about the key role of general civil consent and cooperation in the implementation of manual management regime under the conditions of extremely high environmental turbulence of the early twenties of the 21st century. The peculiarities of forming the international socio-economic context of the period of extremely high turbulence, its problems and contradictions are highlighted. The main features of this context of the newest period include the ongoing systemic crisis of the world economy, permanent structural financial and economic crises, as well as the characteristics of globalization and deglobalization processes as major long-term trends. The trend towards general deglobalization, expressed in the strengthening of national protectionism and manifested in the economic policy of nation-states, has become the most pronounced at the current stage. New international platforms have been sought to implement regulatory management actions in the face of new type of turbulence.
Covid-19 in Africa and Its Impact on African Migrants
Authors: Mougadam Mahamat Mougadam
Published: May 2021

The author focuses on the impact of Covid-19 on migration in African regions, as well as the effectiveness of mobility and the effective response of African political leadership. The article was prepared as a part of the Covid-19-Migrations news feed initiative, dedicated to issues, which the whole world and the African continent are facing.
UNJUK KERJA DISTILLER TENAGA SURYA SISTEM KONTINUE DENGAN BERBAGAI JUMLAH KACA PENUTUP
Authors: Mirmanto Mirmanto , Wirawan Made , Sayoga I Made Adi , Abdullah A. , Faisal M.
Published: May 2021

Penelitian tentang distiller tenaga surya sistem kontinue untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja distiler tersebut telah dilakukan. Tiga buah distiller yaitu distiller dengan kaca penutup tunggal, ganda dan rangkap tiga telah dirancang dan diuji.Material yang diuji adalah air laut berasal dari pantai Tanjungkarang, Mataram, NTB yang diubah menjadi air tawar melalui proses distilasi.Ukuran distiller yang diuji adalah 1136 mm x 936 mm x 574 mm (bagian luar), sedangkan ukuran plat penyerap panasnya adalah 0,8 m x 1 m. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2019 dari jam 09.00 WITA hingga jam 16.00 WITA. Hasil menunjukan bahwa semakin banyak jumlah kaca penutup semakin sedikit air tawar yang diproduksi. Distiller dengan kaca penutup rangkap tiga lebih panas sehingga uap air tidak dapat mengembun. Oleh sebab itu, distiller dengan kaca penutup tunggalah yang direkomendasikan untuk digunakan.
Panorama da diarréia e gastroenterites entre crianças brasileiras na última década
Authors: Siqueira Samylla Maira Costa , Franco Rafaela Mainarte Costa , Camargo Climene Laura de , Nascimento Jacqueline Couto , Mariano Iraci Alcântara
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Descrever o panorama da diarreia e gastroenterites entre crianças brasileiras na última década. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, realizado em março de 2019 com dados secundários do DATASUS. A população de estudo foi composta de indivíduos na faixa etária de 0-5 anos, de ambos os sexos, acometidos por diarreia e gastroenterites de origem infecciosa, no período de 2009-2018. Resultados: No período do estudo, ocorreram 647.343 internações e 789 óbitos de crianças menores de 5 anos de idade por diarreia e gastroenterites de origem infecciosa. O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido em ambos os casos. No que concerne à região, o Nordeste teve o maior número de internações e óbitos e o Sul o menor. Quanto ao recorte raça/cor, os negros foram os mais acometidos. De forma geral, houve queda nos casos de diarreia e gastroenterites no Brasil. Em relação à faixa etária, embora as crianças entre 1-5 anos fossem as mais acometidas, o maior número de óbitos foi identificado entre aquelas menores de 1 ano de idade. Conclusões: O maior número de internações e óbitos ocorreu entre crianças negras da Região Nordeste, refletindo a necessidade de intensificação de medidas de prevenção e cuidados no que diz respeito à diarreia e gastroenterites entre estas pessoas.
Genomic signatures of inbreeding and genetic load in a threatened rattlesnake
Authors: Ochoa Alexander , Gibbs H. Lisle
Published: May 2021

Theory predicts that threatened species living in small populations will
experience high levels of inbreeding that will increase their negative
genetic load but recent work suggests that the impact of load may be
minimized by purging resulting from long term population bottlenecks.
Empirical studies that examine this idea using genome-wide estimates of
inbreeding and genetic load in threatened species are limited. Here we
use genome resequencing data to compare levels of inbreeding, levels of
genetic load and population history in threatened Eastern massasauga
rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) which exist in small isolated
populations and closely-related yet outbred Western massasauga
rattlesnakes (S. tergeminus). In terms of inbreeding, S. catenatus
genomes had a greater number of ROHs of varying sizes indicating
sustained inbreeding through repeated bottlenecks when compared to S.
tergeminus. At the species level, outbred S. tergeminus had higher
genome-wide levels of genetic load in the form of greater numbers of
derived deleterious mutations compared to S. catenatus presumably due to
long-term purging of deleterious mutations in S. catenatus. In contrast,
mutations that escaped the “drift sieve” and were polymorphic within
S. catenatus populations were more abundant and more often found in
homozygote genotypes than in S. tergeminus suggesting a reduced
efficiency of purifying selection in smaller S. catenatus populations.
Our results support an emerging idea that the historical demography of a
threatened species has a significant impact on the type of genetic load
present which impacts implementation of conservation actions such as
genetic rescue.
Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Pharmacovigilance Study From 2015 to 2020 Based on FDA Adverse Event Report System Database
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Ye Xiaofei , Zhai Yinghong , Hu Fangyuan , Gao Yongqing , Liu Dongxu , Xu Xiao , Dong Ziwei , He Jia
Published: May 2021

Aim: With the widespread use of SGLT2i, various adverse events (AEs)
have been reported. This study aimed to describe the distribution of
SGLT2i-related AEs in different systems, quantify the association of
important medical events (IMEs) and SGLT2i regimens, and build a signal
profile of SGLT2i- induced IMEs. Methods: Data from 2015 Q1 to 2020 Q4
in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database (FAERS) were selected
to conduct disproportionality analysis. Two signal indicators, the
reported odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC), were used to
evaluate the correlation between SGLT2i and IMEs. The lower end of the
95% confidence interval of IC (IC025) exceeding zero was deemed a
signal. For ROR, it was defined a signal if ROR025 over one, with at
least 3 cases. Results: A total of 45,771,436 records were involved,
including 111,564 records related to SGLT2i, with 38,366 records of
SGLT2i-induced IMEs. Overall, SGLT2i was significantly associated with
IMEs (IC=0.36, 95% CI: 0.35-0.38; ROR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.42-1.46). Most
SGLT2i-related adverse events occurred in monotherapy (92.93%).
Diabetic ketoacidosis was the most IMEs. Specifically, acute
osteomyelitis has the strongest signal of all SGLT2i (IC025=7.83), and
it was unique to canagliflozin. Diabetic ketoacidosis, acute kidney
injury, ketoacidosis, Fournier’s gangrene, and euglycemic diabetic
ketoacidosis were common to the four FDA-approved SGLT2i. Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated that different SGLT2i regimens lead to different
important adverse events, but there are overlapping events. Early
identification and management of SGLT2i-associated IMEs are essential
for clinical practice.
Impact of maternal education level on live birth rate after in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Xitong , Mu Xin , Shi Juanzi , Bai Haiyan
Published: May 2021

Objective To examine the association between maternal education level
and live birth after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Design Retrospective
cohort study. Setting Public fertility center in China. Population 41546
women who underwent the first cycle of fresh or frozen-thawed embryo
transfer between 2014 and 2019. Methods The women were divided into four
educational categories according to the level of education received
(elementary school graduate or less, middle school graduate, high school
graduate, college graduate or higher). Main outcome measures Live birth
rates. Results Patients were grouped by maternal educational level:
elementary school graduate or less (n=1590), middle school graduate
(n=10996), high school graduate (n=8354), and college graduate or higher
(n=20606). The live birth rate, miscarriage rate, and clinical pregnancy
rate in elementary school graduate or less were lower compared to other
groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, we fail to
demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between educational
level and live birth in middle school graduate (adjusted odds ratio
[AOR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-1.09), high
school graduate (AOR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.87-1.14) or college graduate or
higher (AOR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.14) patients compared with the
elementary school graduate or less reference group after adjusting for
female age, infertility duration, BMI, EM thickness, no. of oocyte
retrieved, infertility type, protocol in the fresh cycle, fertilization
type, time of transfer and no. of embryo transferred. Conclusion No
statistically significant relationship was identified between
educational level and live birth in patients undergoing fresh or frozen
embryo transfer.
Bighorn sheep show similar in-host responses to the same pathogen strain in two contrasting environments
Authors: Manlove Kezia , Roug Annette , Sinclair Kylie , Ricci Lauren , Hersey Kent , Martinez Cameron , Martinez Michael , Mower Kerry , Ortega Talisa , Rominger Eric , Ruhl Caitlin , Tatman Nicole , Taylor Jace
Published: May 2021

Ecological context – the particular environment, and how it shapes
mixing dynamics and individual susceptibility surrounding infectious
disease events – can have major bearing on epidemic outcomes, yet
directly comparable disease events with contrasting ecological contexts
are relatively rare in wildlife systems due to concurrent differences in
host genetics or pathogen strain. Here, we present a case study of one
such event: a spillover of a “goat-clade” Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
strain into one bighorn sheep population that played out against two
very different ecological backdrops. One event occurred on the herd’s
home range near the Rio Grande Gorge in New Mexico, while the other
progressed in a captive facility at Hardware Ranch in Utah. We collected
data on antibody and pathogen load patterns through time at the
individual level, and examined demographic responses to pathogen
invasion to compare the intensity of, and in-host responses to,
infection in both settings. While data collection regimens varied
between the two sites, general patterns of antibody expansion and gross
timing of symptoms were consistent. Symptoms emerged in the captive
setting 12.9 days post-exposure, and we estimated an average time to
seroconversion among the captive animals of 24.9 days. Clinical signs
peaked among the captive animals at approximately 36 days
post-infection, consistent with subsequent declines in symptom intensity
in the free-ranging herd. At the captive site, older animals exhibited
more severe declines in body condition as determined through declines in
loin thickness, higher symptom burdens, and a decelerated antibody
response to the pathogen. Younger animals were more likely than older
animals to clear infection at or before the time of sampling at both
sites. This study presents one of the richest datasets on immune
responses in bighorn sheep over the course of a newly introduced M.
ovipneumoniae strain available to-date.
Assessment of Long-term Groundwater Abstraction and Forest Growth Impacts on Watershed Hydrology Using SWAT
Authors: Kim Wonjin , Kim Jinuk , Woo Soyoung , Lee Jiwan , Kim Sehoon , Kim Seong Joon
Published: May 2021

This study used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the
impacts of groundwater abstraction and forest growth on the watershed
hydrology of Geum River basin (9,645.5 km2), South Korea. Groundwater
abstraction (GA) and forest growth (FG) data from 1976 to 2015
(1980s;1976~1985, 1990s; 1986~1995,
2000s; 1996~2005, 2010s;2006~2015) were
prepared with 10-year interval as SWAT input data, respectively. SWAT
was calibrated (2006~2015) using daily observation data
from two multipurpose dams and three multifunction weirs. The dam and
weir calibration result showed coefficient of determination (R2) of
0.78, 0.81, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.79, 0.76, root mean
square error (RMSE) of 1.96 mm/day, 0.55 mm/day, and PBIAS of -5.48%,
8.56%, respectively. The SWAT ran at each decade using corresponding GA
and FG information under the same weather condition of the 2010s to
evaluate the impact of GA and FG on hydrologic cycle. Influenced by both
GA and FG, the streamflow at the watershed outlet showed the decrease of
1.3% (10.1 mm/year), 4.4% (34.2 mm/year), and 7.8% (60.3 mm/year) in
the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s, respectively. The hydrologic
response of surface runoff, lateral flow, groundwater flow, and soil
moisture showed decreasing trend while evapotranspiration and
groundwater recharge showed increasing trend. GA imposed bigger
influence on the spatial and temporal loss of streamflow than FG.
Especially, it was discovered that the agricultural water use from
groundwater was the most influential factor that has decreased total
runoff in the target watershed for the last four decades.
Comparison of CRISPR-Cas9 tools for transcriptional repression and gene disruption in the BEVS
Authors: Bruder Mark , Walji Sadru-Dean , Aucoin Marc
Published: May 2021

The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is a robust and
customizable platform for producing recombinant proteins for basic
research and biomedical applications. However, genome instability is an
intrinsic property of BEVs, and expression of several viral proteins
negatively impacts recombinant protein quantity and quality. The
CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool that simplifies sequence-specific
genome editing and effective transcriptional regulation of genes for
which disruption may not be appropriate. Here, the effectiveness of the
CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene disruption and transcriptional repression in
the BEVS was compared. A cell line constitutively expressing the cas9 or
dcas9 gene was developed, and recombinant baculoviruses delivering the
sgRNA were evaluated for disruption or repression of a reporter gfp
gene. Finally, endogenous AcMNPV genes were targeted for disruption or
downregulation to affect gene expression and baculovirus replication.
This development lays a foundation for optimization of the BEV for
improved genome stability and recombinant protein production.
Certification of Audit Committee Effectiveness: Evidence from a One-Time Regulatory Event in China
Authors: Chang Hsihui , Chen Xin , Cheng C. S. Agnes , Zhou Nan
Published: May 2021

The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) launched the Campaign for Strengthening Corporate Governance of Public Companies in 2007. As part of this pilot program, public firms were required to report to the CSRC whether their boards had established audit committees and whether these audit committees operated effectively. Using this unique one-time regulatory event in China, we examine whether it is informative for firms to certify the effectiveness of their audit committees. Through analyzing hand-collected data from the campaign reports filed with the CSRC, we find that firms with certified audit committee effectiveness are associated with less earnings management and are less likely to have modified audit opinions and delayed filings. Thus, our findings suggest that certification of audit committee effectiveness provides a firm an opportunity to credibly signal that its audit committee functions in substance rather than in appearance.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Ayudar a aprender matemática sin enseñar: la construcción del conocimiento didáctico matemático en profesionales de la psicopedagogía
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina, Villella José , Güerci Victoria ,   Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
Published: May 2021

In this article we share the basics, planning and example of a professional training course for psychopedagogy professionals in Argentina. We characterize the proposal as a mathematical workspace (Kusniak, 2011), energized by an instrumental orchestration process (Trouche, 2018) where participating professionals can build specialized knowledge (Carrillo et. al, 2013). We promote a critical and democratic reflection on the teaching and learning of mathematics (Skovsmose, 1999) and the construction of mathematical didactic knowledge in those who do not have the function of teaching this discipline in school.
Situación actual de la educación artística en España
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, España, Sumozas Rafael
Published: May 2021

Este artículo, pretende presentar los resultados de investigación sobre la situación actual de la educación artística como disciplina en España, además de valorar la importancia de las artes en el proceso educativo, así como el conocimiento de los lenguajes visuales que permiten realizar investigación educativa no únicamente en esta rama del conocimiento. Tras los avances que se habían producido en las últimas décadas, a pesar del desarrollo de diferentes leyes de educativas en ocasiones adversas, el momento actual es de incertidumbre pues se cuestiona la presencia de las artes en la educación, y no se entiende que entronca con otras áreas científicas a las que ayuda a resolver problemas didácticos, mediante el desarrollo de distintos lenguajes audiovisuales. La no promoción de una especialización educativa del área, puede repercutir en los discentes que no tendrán como desarrollar un aprendizaje de la cultura visual, a través de experiencias artísticas organizadas desde la enseñanza, así como el los docentes, al relegar la asignatura artística a una optativa sin contenido específico, la que podría ser desarrollada por cualquier educador que no siempre busque solucionar problemas expresivos, estéticos o creativos.
¿Cómo impacta el conocimiento que tiene un profesor acerca de la teoría APOE sobre su conocimiento especializado?
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, Sánchez-García José Antonio , Flores-Medrano Eric
Published: May 2021

This article explores the influence of knowledge of formal learning theories on the rest of the math teacher's specialized knowledge. To this end, the MTSK model was chosen to explore specialized knowledge and APOS theory as a formal learning theory. The work was carried out with two top mid-level Mexican professors who had completed master's degrees and in whose final work they used the APOS theory. We analyzed his final work in the part related to the design of teaching sequences. In the results we present how the design of the activities of the informants shows evidence of the Pedagogical Content Knowledge, as there is a mobilization of knowledge corresponding to the different subdomains and categories framed in that domain.
Elementos del conocimiento especializado del profesor de matemáticas que se requieren para atender situaciones afectivas en el aula
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, Aguilar Mendieta Verónica , Flores-Medrano Eric
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es establecer los elementos del Conocimiento Especializado del Profesor de Matemáticas (MTSK) que se utilizan para darle una atención oportuna a situaciones de dominio afectivo en el aula. Partimos del supuesto de que para atender este tipo de situaciones se necesita conocer la problemática y sus causas, pero también se requiere de distintos conocimientos que le permitan al profesor atender dichas situaciones de manera efectiva. Es así que se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo a partir de un estudio de caso instrumental. En cuanto a los resultados, se encontró que, en efecto, se emplean algunos elementos del MTSK para atender situaciones afectivas en el aula. Por ejemplo, se emplea el conocimiento sobre estrategias, técnicas, tareas y ejemplos adecuados para favorecer la motivación en los alumnos y la utilidad que estos le atribuyen a las matemáticas.
Dinâmicas Pedagógicas em Educação Ambiental: a problemática das abelhas
Authors:   Agrupamento de Escolas Tomás Cabreira, Portugal, Neves Susana , Gonçalves Carla Dionísio , Rocha Rute
Published: May 2021

Com este artigo pretendemos descrever as dinâmicas pedagógicas numa turma do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), na qual, a problemática ambiental está relacionada com a relevância das abelhas. Primeiramente, acedemos às perceções dos alunos sobre as abelhas. A seguir, procedeu-se à implementação do trabalho de projeto, propriamente dito, com cinco atividades articuladas entre si: (1) a entrevista a um apicultor; (2) a análise de uma notícia; (3) o estudo da biologia da abelha e da vespa asiática; (4) debate e palavras-chave (5) o cartaz coletivo com a forma de «favos de mel». Por fim, acedemos de novo às perceções das crianças sobre as abelhas, para podermos compreender a progressão das referidas perceções. A abordagem metodológica é de cariz qualitativo-fenomenológico, tendo por base a metodologia de projeto no desenrolar das dinâmicas pedagógicas. Para a recolha de dados, recorreu-se ao desenho infantil e aos textos elaborados pelas crianças e para a análise dos dados recorreu-se ao instrumento de Stephen Kellert (1996) Os resultados obtidos revelam que houve transformação na forma como os alunos percecionam a natureza, da qual, nós também fazemos parte (Coutinho & Rocha, 2019).
Benjamin Ruha (2019) Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. Medford: Polity Press. 172 pages. eISBN: 9781509526437
Authors: Longworth Jackson
Published: May 2021

Book reivew of Ruha Benajmin's Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code.
User Representations as a Design Resource
Authors: Savolainen Kaisa , Hyysalo Sampsa
Published: May 2021

The study of how the understanding of usages and users is achieved and turned into the characteristics of products comprises ‘the sociology of user representation’ in Science and Technology Studies. Whilst the early research on the topic was foremost a critique of designers’ imposition of theirimagination and preferences on prospective users, research has since discovered a richer research landscape in accomplishing the difficult task of anticipating the future contexts and identities of users. Our paper continues this line of work by examining a situation where first-hand access to users is blocked from human-centred design-oriented designers. Constructing an array of complementary user representations helps them to bridge the previously accumulated knowledge on users in their trade to the envisioned technology. The complementarities in the handful of key user segment representations and what is represented in their explicated form allowed the design team to make reasoned and accountable design decisions.
The Zero-Point Oscillations in the Planck Vacuum State and Its Coordinate Uncertainty
Authors: Daywitt William C.
Published: May 2021

This short paper argues that the charged quantum oscillators in the quasi-continuum Planck vacuum (PV) state are responsible for the zero-point oscillations in that state. The Planck particle (PP) quantum energy levels for the oscillators are derived from first principles. The PV coordinate uncertainty concerning the PV structure easily follows from these results.
Desalination Concentrate Quantification and Management Through Multi-Stage Biomass Production: A Conceptual Framework for Further Research
Authors: Hampaul Rahul , Sen Gupta Bhaskar
Published: May 2021

Global population growth and climate change are adding pressure on conventional water sources to meet the rising demand. Reliance on unconventional water sources utilizing desalination technologies is increasing to ensure water security. A major economic and environmental challenge in the sustainable adoption of desalination is the hypersaline concentrate that is generated as a byproduct. Brine quantification estimation process and disposal strategies along with the associated costs are provided. Brine re-use for biomass production offers a promising solution to help mitigate the environmental and economic challenges related to brine disposal. Soil salinization is a key issue with the land application of brine impacting its sustainability and applicability in the long run. The paper proposes a methodology for multi-stage biomass production using desalination brine. Added advantage of the proposed methodology is the potential to manage soil salinization, adopt sustainable agricultural practices such as crop rotation and enhancing biodiversity through inclusion of marshlands and wetlands as part of the brine disposal strategy. The paper also proposes an experimental setup for lab scale experimentation and identifies research priorities and provides recommendations for further evaluation.
Study of tolerance development in older pre-school-age children in the context of inclusive education
Authors: Krasova Tatiana Dmitrievna , Chuikova Zhanna Vladimirovna , Markova Svetlana Vitalievna , Martynova Lyubov Nikolaevna , Samsonova Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

Based on theoretical and methodological and empirical research, to identify the specifics of tolerance manifestation in older pre-school-age children with normative development in the conditions of inclusive education. The following methodologies were used: "Diagnostics of tolerance of preschool children to peers with disabilities" by A.S. Sirotyuk, aimed at revealing the specifics of the cognitive component development; "Studying the understanding of emotional states of people" by G.A. Uruntaeva and Y.A. Afonkina, revealing the emotional and motivational component of tolerance in preschool children. To study the behavioral component, the following methodologies were used: "Two little houses" by T.D. Martsinkovskaya; “The method of studying children's tolerance” by Dominique de Saint Mars, aimed at studying the interaction of preschool children in the conditions of inclusive education. As a result of the sample examination of preschool children with normative development and children with disabilities in pre-school educational establishments in Yelets and Lipetsk, the relationship between the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional-motivational components of tolerance in older pre-school-age children was revealed.
Development and application of best pedagogical practices (experience of higher educational institutions in EU countries)
Authors: Poplavskyi Mykhailo
Published: May 2021

Teaching at a modern university should be based on the best pedagogical developments, the latest achievements in the educational space. This also applies to the education sector of the European Union. This is what determined the relevance of this article. The study aims to analyze and prove the effectiveness of educational innovations on the example of the introduction of specific pedagogical practices that are relevant and universal for use in integrated teaching in European educational institutions, including the interactive component of the educational process in EU education. The range of research methods (empirical, statistical, and theoretical) was used to achieve the goal and justify the results of the study. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the introduction of the best pedagogical practices in the educational space, such as interactive, universal. The result of the study is to determine the effectiveness of interactive pedagogical practices. A further perspective is the study of new pedagogical practices and detailed development of the algorithm for their implementation, then the collected materials can be further used in the educational process.
Analysis of individual biologically active compounds from root crop extracts of purple alfalfa (medicago sativa) in vitro
Authors: Milentyeva Irina Sergeevna , Dmitrieva Anastasiya Igorevna , Asyakina Lyudmila Konstantinovna , Golubtsova Yulia Vladimirovna
Published: May 2021

The authors selected the parameters for obtaining root cultures in vitro Medicago sativa. The number of cell culture lines studied is 15. The duration of the growth cycle is less than 50 days. The number of processed explants is 75. The growth characteristics of root cultures of in vitro purple alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were studied. The growth index for the dry biomass of the in vitro root culture of alfalfa was 31. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of BAS in the biomass of the obtained root cultures of in vitro alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was carried out. Unique biologically active substances (not previously described for alfalfa) were identified.): apigenin, naringenin, myricetin, chrysoeriol, coumestrol, and scopoletin. Rational parameters of isolation of individual BAS from the extract of root cultures of in vitro alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were selected. The degree of extraction of individual BAS is 80%. Methods of purification of individual BAS Medicago sativa have been developed. The degree of purification of individual BAS is 95%.
MODELO DE PLANIFICACIÓN PARA ACTUAR ANTE LA PANDEMIA
Authors: CANO CARLOS MANUEL
Published: May 2021

La emergencia declarada por la OMS el 12 de marzo de 2020 desata en el mundo entero un escenario sin precedentes que aumenta y se potencializa aún más en un entorno plagado de incertidumbres, donde resulta difícil para los Estados y sus Fuerzas Armadas tratar de darle una “valoración” a la amenaza que se presente con la dinámica necesaria. Tanto en el Ecuador como en el resto del mundo, la rapidez en la evolución de los hechos, a escala nacional e internacional, requiere la adopción de medidas inmediatas y eficaces para hacer frente a esta coyuntura.Las circunstancias extraordinarias que concurren constituyen, sin duda, una crisis sanitaria sin precedentes y de enorme magnitud, tanto por el muy elevado número de ciudadanos afectados diariamente, como por el riesgo que atraviesa la supervivencia del Estado. Para ello, las FF.AA. han planteado un diseño operacional basado en la evolución y comportamiento de la enfermedad para entender el problema desde el ámbito operacional y de la seguridad nacional y con ello, plantear las diferentes estrategias y acciones que apoyen en la solución del problema, pasando de la formalidad de la planificación militar deliberada a la planificación en crisis, a través de la experiencia vivida entre los meses de marzo a julio del 2020. El presente artículo busca explorar nuevos modelos y diseños operacionales empleados en la dinámica de la búsqueda de la solución a este acontecimiento mundial; así como la aplicabilidad del modelo operacional empleado y la definición de su validez para las Operaciones de Apoyo a la Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos, en respuesta a una crisis atípica como la presentada con la pandemia del Covid-19.
PROSPECTIVA DE LA EDUCACIÓN MILITAR EN LÍNEA AL 2033
Authors: QUEREMBÁS MANUEL ALFONSO
Published: May 2021

En una sociedad hiperconectada y de permanente cambio, en donde la tecnología transforma el desarrollo humano modificando la forma de comunicarse, el comercio, la política, la economía y por supuesto, la educación militar, el Ejército Ecuatoriano se replantea cómo liderar esta compleja maquinaria que se basa en sus soldados y cuya misión es la de comandar y dirigir, así como asesorar y participar. Se debe formar al personal militar, perfeccionar, capacitar y especializar para enfrentar las nuevas amenazas que determinan una mayor presencia del soldado en operaciones a nivel de la sociedad, y todo esto a ritmo de combate, basado en un modelo educativo constructivista, donde la experiencia del educando aporta en la generación del conocimiento social. La tecnología permitirá hacerlo a distancia, logrando cumplir el objetivo de permanecer en su unidad de despliegue, manteniendo una capacitación continua. En el presente artículo se analiza parte del proceso de transformación del ejército en el área educativa, destacándose la virtualización de áreas de conocimiento aplicados a través del proyecto de educación en línea y la utilización de herramientas Web 2.0.
ESTRATEGIA DE TRANSFORMACIÓN Y MODERNIZACIÓN DEL EJÉRCITO DE COLOMBIA
Authors: SÁNCHEZ ALDANA LUIS EDUARDO
Published: May 2021

El Ejército Nacional siempre ha entendido la transformación como un proceso natural y necesario, y es por ello por lo que decidió llevar a cabo su proceso proactivo de cambio para adaptarse con la misma velocidad a la que evoluciona su entorno. De hecho, para el Ejército se constituyó en un cambio que abarcó todos los niveles de la Fuerza, mediante los cuales se vio obligado a adecuar la estructura organizacional, mejorar las capacidades operacionales y optimizar todos los procesos de soporte, ampliando la visión predictiva para enfrentar las amenazas inciertas del mañana. Para ello, como iniciativa del cambio planteado, se inició la construcción de una estrategia que permitiera alcanzar este objetivo, el cual daría respuesta a las necesidades futuras de la Fuerza; de manera tal que no sólo se establecieron criterios y guías institucionales para la construcción de la misma, sino también el diseño, desarrollo e implementación del plan Estratégico de Transformación Ejército del Futuro.