bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the evolution and stability of the Greenland ice sheet using remapped surface mass balance forcing
Authors: Rahlves Charlotte , Goelzer Heiko , Petrini Michele
Published: March 2024

Surface mass balance (SMB) forcing for projections of the future evolution of the Greenland ice sheet with stand-alone modeling approaches is commonly produced on a fixed ice sheet geometry. As changes of ice sheet geometry become significant over longer time scales, conducting projections for the long-term evolution and stability of the Greenland ice sheet usually requires a coupled climate-ice sheet modeling setup. In this study we use an SMB remapping procedure to capture the first order feedbacks of a coupled climate-ice sheet system with a stand-alone modeling approach. Following a remapping procedure originally developed to apply SMB forcing to a range of initial ice sheet geometries (Goelzer et al., 2020), we produce SMB forcing that adapts to the changing ice sheet geometry as it evolves over time. SMB forcing from a regional climate model is translated from a function of absolute location to a function of surface elevation depending on 25 regional drainage basins, thereby reducing biases that would arise by applying the SMB derived from a fixed ice sheet geometry. We use forcing for different emission scenarios from the CMIP6 archive to compare results from the remapping approach with results from commonly used methods of parameterizing the SMB-height feedback, as well as with results from a semi-coupled climate-ice sheet simulation.
Implementing Spatial Mapping and Monte Carlo Simulation for Probabilistic Risk Modeling of Heavy Metals Contamination in Urban Soils
Authors: Seo Hyunsoo , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Choi Jaehoon , Cha Young-Seop , Kim Jin-A , Lee Je-Seung , Yun Seong-Taek
Published: March 2024

Due to rapid and significant urbanization around the world, the land surface of urbanized areas has changed significantly through intensive construction via excavation and underground space development, and the natural state of environmental media such as soil has also altered through the emission of enormous amounts of diverse pollutants. Urban soil conditions, including heavy metal levels (esp., Cu, Zn, As, and Pb), have a significant impact on environmental assessments, so a better understanding of the source, distribution, and contamination of heavy metals is important for managing ecological and human health risks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate heavy metal (Cu, As, Pb, Zn) analysis data from 2,957 locations in Seoul, South Korea, representing the world’s fastest-growing metropolitan area. Statistical methods such as the additive log-ratio transformation-expectation maximization (EM) algorithm were used to process left-censored data below the limits of detection. We then used variogram analysis and ordinary kriging to interpolate the distribution of heavy metal concentrations to a 100m grid. The results showed an overall spatial distribution: more elevated levels of Cu, Pb, and Zn preferentially in the southwest of Seoul, and higher levels of As in the northeast. These patterns primarily imply spatial control of heavy metal enrichment mainly by land use activities in Seoul and warrant further investigation into specific sources of heavy metal pollution. Therefore, Monte Carlo simulation was utilized for risk assessment to provide comprehensive evaluations to incorporate uncertainties. As a result, a probabilistic risk mapping was prepared by running 1,000 randomized simulations per location. Then, the resulting risk maps were then combined with spatial data for vulnerable populations (i.e., infant and elderly populations) to assess potential health impacts. This study on the comprehensive spatial analysis of heavy metals in urban soils can provide key information on the characteristics, distribution, and exposure risk of multiple metals to develop targeted risk reduction strategies in metropolitan areas. This study was supported by the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through the project ‘Integrated environmental forensic approaches to trace source and pathways of subsurface contaminants (2021002440003)’, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE), the Institute for Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel (iKSNF) and the BK Plus project in Korea.
Finite-Element Analysis of Phase Transitions in Gas Migration within Clay Rock
Authors: Grunwald Norbert , Nagel Thomas , Pitz Michael , Kolditz Olaf
Published: March 2024

This study explores the numerical simulation of gas transport in low-permeable rocks, specifically focusing on clay rock. Utilizing the finite-element method, we examine the transition from single-phase to two-phase flow conditions. Our approach diverges from traditional methods by avoiding persistent primary variables or variable switching. We validate our methodology through two benchmark tests: the first simulates gas injection relevant to radioactive waste disposal, while the second models a core drilling experiment that induces mechanical unloading.Our findings are significant for understanding gas behavior in geological formations, particularly in the context of nuclear waste disposal and CO2 storage. We offer a novel perspective on managing phase transitions in non-isothermal environments, bolstered by an extensive analysis of secondary variables. The outcomes of this research contribute to the improved modeling of large-scale repository systems, highlighting the intricacies and complexities involved in gas transport within clay rock.This paper not only provides insights into the physical processes underpinning gas movement in these environments but also proposes a scalable and adaptable framework for future research in similar geological contexts.
Early opportunity signals of a tipping point in the UK’s second-hand electric vehicle market
Authors: Boulton Chris , Buxton Joshua , Lenton Timothy
Published: March 2024

The use of early warning signals to detect the movement of natural systems towards tipping points is well established. Here, we explore whether the same indicators can provide early opportunity signals (EOS) of a tipping point in a social dataset – views of online electric vehicle (EV) adverts from a UK car selling website (2018–2023). The daily share of EV adverts views (versus non-EV adverts) is small but increasing overall and responds to specific external events, including abrupt petrol/diesel price increases, by spiking upwards before returning to a quasi-equilibrium state. An increasing return time observed over time indicates a loss of resilience of the incumbent state dominated by ICEV advert views. View share also exhibits increases in lag-1 autocorrelation and variance consistent with hypothesised movement towards a tipping point to an EV-dominated market. Segregating the viewing data by price range and year, we find a change in viewing habits from 2023. Trends in EOS from EV advert views in low-mid price ranges provide evidence that these sectors of the market may have passed a tipping point, consistent with other evidence that second-hand EVs recently reached price parity with equivalent ICEV models. We provide a case study of how EOS can be used to predict the movement towards tipping in social systems using novel data.
Indicator-based assessment of groundwater resources sustainability in South Korea
Authors: Hyun Yunjung , Cha Eun-Jee , Jeong Ayoung , Han Haejin
Published: March 2024

Groundwater level decline and quality deterioration is continuously observed nationwide in South Korea. Meanwhile, the demand for groundwater, which is relatively stable and clean in the face of climate crisis and future industry, is increasing in South Korea. In order to meet sustainable use for growing groundwater demand, it is essential to assess groundwater resources sustainability by taking into account the economic, social, and environmental factors in management and planning of groundwater resources. This study proposes groundwater sustainability management indicators to account for these factors based on DPSIR framework. A case study is performed to assess groundwater resources sustainability on 5 river basins(Han-river, Keum-river, Nakdong-river, Youngsan-river, Seomjin-river) by using indicators with available data in South Korea. The results show that groundwater depletion and contamination is susceptible to occur nationwide with spatial variation. Renewable groundwater resources per capita is evaluated to be approximately ranged from 1,000 to 10,000 m3/yr over the nation, while less than 1,000 m3/yr in the western and southeastern parts of South Korea, which is related to high population and urbanization. Much of Groundwater abstraction occurs with respect to groundwater recharge in the easter areas. Among 5 river basins, groundwater dependence of Geum-river basin area is highest. Overall, the wester parts of Korea including Keum-river, Youngsan-river, Seomjin-river basins, are susceptible to be more stressed. Total nitrogen load is high in subbasins of Han-river and Keum-river basins, but groundwater quality index for nitrate-nitrogen shows different spatial patterns. In South Korea, total e-coli, NO3-N, and Cl- are major contaminants observed in groundwater. The case study shows that proposed groundwater sustainability management indicators can good enough to provide a general view of groundwater resources status. Proposed indicators can also be utilized to evaluate current status of groundwater and policies for National Water Management Basic Plan as well as used as elemental indicators for developing a comprehensive index for necessity. Further data collection and analysis is required for comprehensive assessment of groundwater resources management sustainability.
Investigating the hydrological co-benefits of soil carbon sequestration using a land surface model
Authors: Vanderkelen Inne , Stocker Benjamin D. , Swenson Sean , Lawrence David , Davin Edouard L.
Published: March 2024

Soil carbon sequestration is an important strategy for climate change mitigation. Soil carbon stocks on agricultural lands can be augmented through sustainable land management practices such as organic manures addition, cover cropping, mulching, conservation tillage and agroforestry. Soil carbon sequestration has several co-benefits, of which increased water holding capacity and infiltration are often named. However, a global scale quantification of these hydrological co-benefits for water availability is still lacking.In this study, we aim to quantify how soil carbon sequestration impacts soil water budget and availability, to identify potential hydrological co-benefits. We use the Community Land Model (CLM) version 5.2 in land-only mode with prescribed phenology to conduct idealized experiments simulating present-day climate conditions with altered soil carbon stocks after 20 years of sequestration. Three scenarios of carbon sequestration are investigated, based on spatially explicit soil organic carbon input maps. These include two scenarios with high and medium sequestration rates focused on cropland. Additionally, an aspirational scenario with a 0.4% annual increase in soil organic carbon stocks is conducted, which follows the "4 per mille" initiative target.Upon analyzing the simulations at subgrid level for the crop fraction of the grid cell, our findings indicate that, overall, soil carbon sequestration enhances the water holding capacity by increasing the field capacity and reducing the permanent wilting point of the soil. This increase in water holding capacity predominantly arises from augmented porosity, which in turn surpasses the rise in actual water content. Consequently, the saturated fraction of soils across most regions decreases.Furthermore, CLM simulations consistently demonstrate that elevated carbon stocks reduce the surface runoff and subsurface drainage, and increase soil evaporation. The upper soil layers, corresponding to the layers with elevated soil carbon, exhibit increased water content, whereas lower layers indicate either negligible or slight water content reduction. This is particularly accentuated in arid regions, which leading to an overall decline in water content in these areas. Finally, water stress is found to be decreasing, which indicates improved water retention in carbon-sequestered soil and enhances the soil sponginess. Overall, despite remaining modelling uncertainties, particularly linked to soil hydrological parametrizations and their dependency on soil carbon fractions, these sensitivity experiments reveal the potential of carbon sequestration to increase water availability and counteract water scarcity.
A near-global improved gridded multi-mission daily SLA product slightly beyond real-time
Authors: Jensen Mathias , Bang-Hansen Casper , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Ludwigsen Carsten , Ehrhorn Mads
Published: March 2024

In order to cover data gaps and mitigate data errors in gridded satellite altimetry both MEaSURES and CMEMSa global products are created using large temporal windows during interpolation, as well as spatial and temporal filtering. In this presentation we present a new product from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) being a new global ¼ ⁰ x ¼ ⁰ SLA grid product containing more well-resolved features in time. Compared to related SLA data products from CMEMS and MEaSUREs, the SLA grid created in this project performs similarly. The DTU products is updated daily with less than 24 hours latency.As an alternative to traditional filtering methods, an autoencoder is applied to the data after gridding to create a smart filter for removing satellite tracks and non-physical noise. Preliminary results are propitious, as satellite tracks are successfully removed from the data without influencing the major underlying features. The size of the latent space in the autoencoder directly determines the amount of information propagated through the filter.
Finally, the data product is used to forecast near-future values of the SLA grid using an Encoder-Decoder Attention Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (EDAConvLSTM) architecture to close the publishing gap created by the moving temporal window in the gridding process. The prediction power of the model is very dependent on the smoothness of the data. For the SLA grid product produced in this report, however, the forecast may be used to extend the grid product slightly beyond real-time, such that a few future days are included.
 
New ocean color algorithms for estimating the concentration of particulate organic nitrogen from remote sensing in oceanic surface waters
Authors: Fumenia Alain , Loisel Hubert , Jorge Daniel , Bretagnon Marine , Demaria Julien , Mangin Antoine
Published: March 2024

The concentration of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) in seawater plays a central role in ocean biogeochemistry. Limited availability of PON data obtained directly from in situ sampling methods hinders our ability to better characterize the spatio-temporal variability of PON within the global ocean. Tight relationships have recently been developed between in situ measurements of seawater inherent optical properties (IOPs) and PON. Knowing that IOPs can now be estimated from ocean color remote-sensing, these relationships could then be used to assess PON from semi-analytical algorithms applied to satellite ocean color observations. The present study aims at evaluating which IOPs, as estimated from space, can be used as the best proxy for the remote sensing retrieval of PON. The different considered IOPs are the absorption coefficients of total particulate matter, ap(λ), phytoplankton, aph(λ), and non-algal particles, ad(λ), as well as the particulate backscattering coefficient, bbp(l). IOPs have been derived from satellite ocean remote-sensing reflectance, Rrs(l), using different available inverse methods. The validation of the algorithms is based on matchup between an extensive dataset of 156 concurrent measurements of in situ PON and satellite-derived particulate IOPs. Our results show that reasonably strong PON vs satellite-derived IOPs relationships hold across a range of diverse oceanic and coastal environments. aph(443) shows the best ability to serve as a PON proxy over a broad range of PON from open ocean oligotrophic to coastal waters (MdAPD of 25.39 %). bbp(555) can also be considered as a good proxy of PON in open ocean environments (MdAPD of 22.03 %). Comparison with in situ time series over ten years shows also the good performance of the algorithm to reproduce the seasonal variation of PON. The application of this algorithm to Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 2002-present) observations provides global PON distributions pattern which agree with in situ PON expected geographical distribution. High PON concentrations are observed in turbid shelf and coastal regions as well as in upwelling areas; while low PON are observed in oligotrophic regions. The presented relationships demonstrate a promising means to assess long-term trends and/or budget of PON in specific areas of the ocean or at the global oceanic scale.
Estimating Crop Phenology from Satellite Data using Machine Learning
Authors: Shojaeezadeh Shahabaldin , Elnashar Abdelrazek , Weber Tobias Karl David
Published: March 2024

Monitoring crop growth and development is important for agricultural management and policy interventions enhancing food security worldwide. Traditional methods of examining crop phenology (the timing of growth stages in plants) at large scales often are not sufficiently accurate to make informed decisions about crops. In this study, we proposed an approach that uses a satellite data fusion and Machine Learning (ML) modeling framework to predict crop phenology for eight major crops at field scales (30 meter) across all of Germany. The observed phenology used in this study is based on the citizen science data set of phenological observations covering all of Germany. By fusing satellite data from Landsat and Sentinel-2 images with radar data from Sentinel-1, our method effectively captures information from each publicly available Remote Sensing data source, resulting in precise estimations of phenology timing. Through a fusion analysis, results indicated that combining optical and radar images improves ML model ability to predict phenology with high accuracies with R2 > 0.95 and a mean absolute error of less than 2 days for all the crops. Further analysis of uncertainties confirmed that adding radar data together with optical images improves the modeling reliability of satellite-based predictions of crop phenology. These improvements are expected to be useful for crop model calibrations, facilitate informed agricultural decisions, and contribute to sustainable food production to address the increasing global food demand.
Long-term geodetic product assessment derived from a VLBI transmitter on Next-Generation GNSS
Authors: Raut Shrishail , Glaser Susanne , Schreiner Patrick , Neumayer Karl Hans , Mammadaliyev Nijat , Schuh Harald
Published: March 2024

Classical Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations are unique for the estimation of UT1-UTC and Celestial Intermediate Poles (CIPs). The innovative feature of placing a VLBI transmitter on a satellite provides additional information about Earth’s origin, the geocenter. It also enables the VLBI technique to be combined with other satellite-based techniques such as GNSS via a space tie on the common satellite. This research aims to evaluate the long-term geodetic products estimated by VLBI observations to a next-generation Global Navigation Satellite System (NextGNSS) satellite. We simulate a VLBI network comprising 20 stations including 18 current and future VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) stations that simultaneously observed a single VLBI transmitter on a Galileo-like satellite, in conjunction with extra-galactic radio sources. Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) including station positions and velocities, geocenter coordinates, and the full set of Earth Orientation Parameters (EOPs) are estimated for a long-term period of three years. Subsequently, we impose no-net rotation (NNR) and no-net translation (NNT) conditions, resulting in a minimum constraint solution. Satellite observations were assumed at a ratio of 30% of the total observations. The results show that the estimated corrections in the X and Y geocenter coordinates are on the mm-level and the Z coordinate on the cm-level. 
Seasonal variability of the phytoplankton biomass and its underlying processes in contrasted regions of the South Pacific Ocean based on BioGeoChemical-Argo observations
Authors: Hermilly Thomas , Martinez Elodie , Uitz Julia , Cornec Marin , Schmechtig Catherine
Published: March 2024

The South Pacific Ocean stands out as a dynamical region with contrasted biogeochemical (BGC) regimes. Among others, it encompasses mesotrophic areas as well as the most oligotrophic waters of the global ocean. Within these regions, the existing thousands of islands can locally or regionally disrupt the oceanic circulation and, thereby, thus the nutrient availability in the upper sunlit layer and the phytoplankton growth. Yet, the phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in these contrasted BGC regions remain largely unknown and understood. Indeed, most existing studies on phytoplankton seasonal variability from observations are either dedicated to the global ocean or based on remotely sensed data due to a lack of in-situ observations in the water column, preventing the consideration of 3D processes. Here we took advantage of in situ observations from 13 BGC-Argo profiling floats that have drifted from 2015 to 2023 in five subregions of the South Pacific Ocean: the Tasman and Coral Seas, the Fiji island region, the oligotrophic and equatorial mesotrophic areas. We used measurements of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a fluorescence (Chl), particulate backscattering at 700 nm (bbp) used as a proxy of particulate organic carbon and Photosynthetically Active Radiation. The seasonal variations of Chl and bbp vertical distributions are characterized among the subregions and physical and biogeochemical processes likely involved have been investigated. To do so, we considered isolume and nutricline depths, the Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) as well as the maximum Brunt-Vaissala depth as an indicator of the ocean stratification stability. The latter appears more suitable than the MLD when related to the phytoplankton seasonal dynamics. 
Initialization shock in the ocean circulation reduces skill in decadal predictions of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre
Authors: Polkova Iuliia ,   Co-Authors
Published: March 2024

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is one of the mechanisms for climate predictability and one of the properties that decadal climate predictions are attempting to predict. The starting point for AMOC decadal predictions is sensitive to the underlying data assimilation and/or initialization procedure. This means that different choices during the data assimilation procedure (e.g., assimilation method, assimilation window, data sources, resolution, nudging terms and strength, full field vs anomaly initialization/assimilation, etc) can result in a different mean and even variability of reconstructed ocean circulation. How coherent the AMOC initial states should be among the CMIP-like decadal prediction experiments? How good in general should the initial AMOC be for decadal predictions? And do initialization issues of the ocean circulation influence the prediction skill of other variables that are of interest for application studies? These are the questions that we were attempting to address in our study, where we analyzed twelve decadal prediction systems from the World Meteorological Organization Lead Centre for Annual-to-Decadal Climate Prediction project. We identify that the AMOC initialization influences the quality of predictions of the subpolar gyre (SPG). When predictions show a large initial error in their AMOC, they usually have low skill for predicting the internal variability of the SPG five years after the initialization.
Pattern of early-stage of global warming emerged in satellite measurements
Authors: Yang Hu , Lohmann Gerrit , Stepanek Christian , Wang Qiang , Huang Rui Xin , Shi Xiaoxu , Liu Jiping , Chen Dake , Wang Xulong , Zhong Yi , Yang Qinghua , Muller Juliane
Published: March 2024

The satellite-observed sea surface temperature (SST) provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the ongoing global warming and has recently reached a milestone of 40-year temporal coverage. One of the major spatial features captured by satellites is strong subtropical (weak subpolar) ocean warming. In contrast, studies of past climate changes suggest that the greatest ocean warming should occur, however, at higher latitudes. Here, by comparing satellite observations with reconstructed mid-Pliocene SST and simulated SST evolution driven by abrupt increase in CO2, we find that the currently observed warming pattern is an expression of an early and temporary stage of planetary warming under the forcing of rapidly increasing greenhouse gas. The enhanced subtropical ocean warming, sharing similar spatial structure with the subtropical ocean gyres, is likely attributed to the background subtropical convergence of surface water. In a long-term perspective, the warming of the oceans at higher latitudes is expected to overtake the temporally strong subtropical ocean warming. This delayed but amplified subpolar ocean warming has the potential to reshape the ocean-atmosphere circulation and threaten the stability of marine-terminating ice sheets.
Diurnal variations of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide over Asia observed from GEMS
Authors: Park Jeonghyeon , Lee Hanlim , Hong Hyunkee , Kim Jhoon
Published: March 2024

Sulfur dioxide emissions (SO2) from coal-fired power plants are known as a major contributor to air pollution. SO2 emitted into the atmosphere forms sulfate aerosols, leading to acid rain and causing damage to forests. Moreover, exposure to SO2 in humans can cause eye irritation and affect respiratory health. This study presents the column density variations of anthropogenic SO2 over Asia using the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) onboard the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2B (GEO-KOMPSAT-2B). We investigated the diurnal variations of SO2 emissions from anthropogenic sources, such as coal-fired power plants in India. Retrieved SO2 columns from GEMS were compared with low-orbit satellites In the GEMS observation area, there was a tendency of low sensitivity in SO2 retrieval due to scattering by air molecules in the high geometry region, particularly at a high viewing zenith angle (VZA), resulting in high uncertainty in SO2 retrieval. We discuss these tendencies in detail through an investigation of SO2 retrieval sensitivity based on concentration and geometry.
A Southern Hemisphere Chronostratigraphic Framework for the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Carbon Cycle Perturbations
Authors: Al-Suwaidi Aisha , Ruhl Micha , Kemp David , Storm Marisa , Hesselbo Stephen , Jenkyns Hugh , Mather Tamsin , Percival Lawrence , Condon Daniel
Published: March 2024

Lower Jurassic sedimentary successions from the Neuquén Basin, Argentina are unique in the abundance of radiometrically datable material (ash-beds) present, which can be tied to bio- and chemostratigraphic (carbon-isotope) zonations. Here, we present new U-Pb radio isotopic dates, integrated with carbon-isotope and Hg/TOC data, from three localities in Argentina (Arroyo Lapa, Arroyo Serrucho/Las Overas and Chacay Melehue) to generate a biostratigraphically calibrated composite carbon-isotope curve and geochronological framework for the Pliensbachian–Toarcian transition in South America. Using a Bayesian framework we present an age-depth model for this composite record and estimate the age and duration of key intervals extending from the Latest Pliensbachian carbon isotope excursion (CIE) through the Early Toarcian negative CIE. Using a  statistical analysis of all available Karoo and Ferrar Large Igneous Province (LIP ) U-Pb and Ar-Ar radioisotopic ages we create a timeline of the key events and examine the timing of the carbon cycle perturbations specifically looking at potential links to peaks of extrusive emplacement of the Karoo and Ferrar LIP. The geochronological framework is further compared with other available radioisotopic dates from correlative sections, allowing for a more precise constraint and validation of the timing and duration of these Early Jurassic events. 
Application of machine learning methods to improve the radon deficit technique
Authors: Lorenzo David , Barrio-Parra Fernando , Serrano-García Humberto , Izquierdo-Díaz Miguel , De Miguel Eduardo
Published: March 2024

The Radon deficit technique is a promising screening method for identifying and mapping potential subsurface organic pollution hotspots and thus, for the optimization of intrusive characterization campaigns. Radon (222Rn) a naturally procuded radionucleid and particularly suitable for use as a natural tracer due to its preferential partitioning with non aqueos phase liquids (NAPLs) and and ease of in situ analytical detection (Kram et al., 2001). The ability of the 222Rn technique to locate organic pollution hotspots and provide a semiquantitative analysis has been widely assessed in sites affected by NAPLs (De Miguel et al., 2018, De Miguel et al. 2020). However, the Radon measurement is affected by several confounding factors, such as variations in soil water saturation and ground-level temperature. Machine learning can be used to study and model these confounding factors and improve the interpretation of in situ radon analytical information.Machine learning is a class of statistical techniques that have proven to be a powerful tool for modelling the behaviour of complex systems in which response quantities depend on assumed controls or predictors in a complicated way (Janik, 2018). The first purpose of this work is the application of machine learning to analyse sampled data of time series outdoor 222Rn. The algorithms "learn" from complete sections of multivariate series (containing measurements of soil water content, soil temperature and meteorological information), derive a dependence model. The model trained in this work can be used to improve the accuracy and reliability of the radon deficit technique, making it a more valuable tool for identifying and mapping subsurface contamination. De Miguel, E., Barrio-Parra, F., Elío, J., Izquierdo-Díaz, M., Jerónimo, García-González, E., Mazadiego, L.F., Medina, R., 2018. Applicability of radon emanometry in lithologically discontinuous sites contaminated by organic chemicals. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 20255–20263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2372-9De Miguel, E., Barrio-Parra, F., Izquierdo-díaz, M., Fernández, J., García-gonzález, J.E., 2020. Applicability and limitations of the radon-deficit technique for the preliminary assessment of sites contaminated with complex mixtures of organic chemicals: a blind field-test. Environ. Int. 138, 105591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020. 105591.Janik, P. Bossew, O. Kurihara, 2018,Machine learning methods as a tool to analyse incomplete or irregularly sampled radon time series data, Scie. Tot. Environ.,630, 1155-1167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.233.Schubert, M., 2015. Using radon as environmental tracer for the assessment of subsurface non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination – a review. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 224, 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2015-02402-3.
Using Docker for reproducible workflows
Authors: Mälicke Mirko , Dolich Alexander , Manoj Jaseetha Ashish , Bischof Balazs , Reid Lucas
Published: March 2024

We propose a framework-agnostic specification for contextualizing Docker containers in environmental research. Given a scientific context, containers are especially useful to combine scripts in different languages following different development paradigms. The specification standardizes inputs and outputs from and to containers to ease the development of new tools, retrace results and add a provenance context to scientific workflows. As of now we also provide templates for the implementation of new tools developed in Python, R, Octave and NodeJS, two different server applications to run the containers in a local or remote setting and a Python client to seamlessly include containers into existing workflows. A flutter template is in development, which can be used as a basis to build use-case specific applications for Windows, Linux, Mac, the Web, Android and iOS.We present the specification itself, with a focus on ways of contributing, to align the specification with as many geoscientific use-cases as possible in the future. In addition a few insights into current implementations are given, namely the role of the compliant pre-processing tools in the generation of the CAMELS-DE dataset, as well as result presentation for a Machine learning application for predicting soil moisture. Both applications are presented at EGU as well. We use these examples to demonstrate how the framework can increase the reproducibility of associated workflows.
Updated status of BepiColombo and initial reports on Mercury flyby observations
Authors: Murakami Go , Benkhoff Johannes
Published: March 2024

The ESA-JAXA joint mission BepiColombo is now on the track to Mercury. After the successful launch of the two spacecraft for BepiColombo, Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter: MMO) and Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), commissioning operations of the spacecraft and their science payloads were completed. BepiColombo will arrive at Mercury in the end of 2025, and it has 7-years cruise with the heliocentric distance range of 0.3-1.2 AU. The long cruise phase also includes 9 planetary flybys: once at the Earth, twice at Venus, and 6 times at Mercury. Even before arrival, we already obtained fruitful science data from Mercury during three Mercury flybys completed on 1 October 2021, 23 June 2022, and 19 June 2023. We performed science observations with almost all the instruments onboard Mio and successfully obtained comprehensive data of Mercury’s magnetosphere such as magnetic fields, plasma particles, and waves. Here we present the updated status of BepiColombo/Mio, initial results of the science observations during the Mercury flybys, and the upcoming observation plans.
TGFs observed by the ALOFT 2023 flight campaign during an ISS overpass
Authors: Bjørge-Engeland Ingrid , Østgaard Nikolai , Lang Timothy , Marisaldi Martino , Grove J. Eric , Quick Mason , Christian Hugh , Schultz Christopher , Blakeslee Richard , Adams Ian , Kroodsma Rachael , Heymsfield Gerald , Mezentsev Andrey , Sarria David , Fuglestad Anders , Lehtinen Nikolai , Ullaland Kjetil , Yang Shiming , Hasan Qureshi Bilal , Søndergaard Jens ,   ALOFT team
Published: March 2024

During the Airborne Lightning Observatory for FEGS and TGFs (ALOFT) campaign in July 2023, the International Space Station (ISS), at an altitude of approximately 410 km, passed over the same region as covered by ALOFT within a short time period on the 24th of July. The ALOFT campaign, which carried gamma-ray detectors, photometers, and instruments for characterizing the electrical activity and the cloud environment, flew at an altitude of approximately 20 km and covered thunderstorms over the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean during its 60 flight hours. The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) is mounted on the ISS, with its Modular X- and Gamma-ray Sensor (MXGS) designed for observing TGFs. During the ISS overpass, ALOFT observed six TGFs within less than two minutes that were all within the field of view of the ASIM instrument. However, none of the TGFs were detected by ASIM. Here we present the six TGFs observed by ALOFT during the ISS overpass and discuss their source properties. The ASIM non-detection provides a strong upper limit on the TGF fluence.
Reconstructing the Indonesian Throughflow variability and its climatology using long corals from the North-western coast of Australia
Authors: Behera Padmasini , Zinke Jens , Boom Arnoud , Wilson Paul A , Hambach Bastian
Published: March 2024

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is the primary tropical current, which transfers heat and salinity to the tropics and extratropics region. Crucial to the global ocean circulation system, the ITF is a major component of the tropical and global climate pattern. Re-analysis of instrumented data together with the results of coupled ocean-atmosphere model experiments, provide an understanding of the linkages between ITF variability and inter-annual modes of climate variability such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). However, the lack of longer climatic records of ITF variability makes it challenging to isolate the anthropogenic signal from natural variability. Here we present preliminary new, absolutely dated, seasonally resolved proxy records of sea surface salinity and temperature from the Timor Sea, northwest coast of Australia using cores taken from long-lived corals (~240 years) on the Hibernia-Ashmore reef. The Timor Sea is a proximal location for the ITF outlet into the eastern Indian Ocean, where temperature and salinity anomalies are greatest and ITF control is unequivocal. Herein we report sea surface temperature and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater reconstructed using paired analyses of skeletal Sr/Ca and oxygen isotope composition for the last 40 yr. The resulting bimonthly coral record aids in understanding the linkage between ENSO, IOD and ITF strength. Comparison of the long ITF records with the marine and terrestrial records from around the region and world further reveals the relationship between ITF variability and Austral-Asian-African monsoon rainfall changes.
Effects of recent increase in anomalous fires and smokes at high latitude regions on regional atmosphere
Authors: Lee Kwon-Ho , Kim Kwanchul , Lee Dasom
Published: March 2024

Spatiotemporal patterns and trends of atmospheric aerosols in high latitude region have been analyzed. Aerosol observation data from 2000-2022 acquired from the earth observing satellites including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), or geostationary satellites such as the Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2A (GK-2A) . Results showed that Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) over the high latitude region has gradually decreased before 2016. However, AOT has increased significantly over the past 8 years. This increase was clearly shown in North America and North Asia, and was associated with an increase with fire activities. Smoke plumes originated from fire active fires transported eastward with meteorology, but occasionally moved toward the Arctic region. The occurrence of fires and the production and transport of aerosols will be a consequence or factor of the recent rapid climate change.Acknowledgement: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2019R1I1A3A01062804). 
Development and implementation of a refined climate index forcing for paleo ice-sheet modeling applications 
Authors: Hermant Antoine , Wirths Christian , Sutter Johannes
Published: March 2024

The contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) to sea-level rise under future scenarios remains uncertain. Simulations of the AIS covering past-climate periods provide valuable insights into its response to a range of climatological background states and transitions, as well as its past contributions to sea-level change. However, data to constrain the modelled ice-flow and the paleo-climate forcing is often lacking, leading to considerable uncertainties with respect to paleo ice sheet evolution. Here, we implement and test a framework to provide paleo-climate scenarios for continental scale ice sheet models. Our approach involves the use of an improved climate index based on ice-core records to translate paleo forcing snapshots from Earth System Models and regional models into transient paleo-climate scenarios, specifically to simulate the dynamics of the AIS throughout the last glaciation and deglaciation. Additionally, we refine paleo-accumulation scenarios by introducing a regionally-specific and temperature-dependant scaling of accumulation. Our study aims to enhance our understanding of AIS dynamics on glacial-interglacial time-scales and provide improved paleo-informed initializations for AIS projections. 
Landform modifications within glaciotectonic landscape due to prolonged mining activity, Muskau Arch (W Poland)
Authors: Eksert Pinar , Blachowski Jan , Koźma Jacek , Walerysiak Natalia
Published: March 2024

Muskau Arch is a moraine structure formed as a result of the multistage impact of the Scandinavian ice sheet. Between 1920 and 1972 intensive lignite underground and open-cast mining operations took place there. In addition to brown coal, glass sand and ceramic clay deposits were exploited, causing extensive and varied anthropogenic transformations in the entire region. Although mining activities ended approximately 50 years ago, secondary ground deformations and other post-mining processes (e.g. waste dump erosion) continue to this day. Based on the rich geological, mining and cultural heritage a Muskau Arch Geopark that belongs to the UNESCO Global Geopark Network has been established there.The primary purpose of the landscape transformation map is to document and illustrate the extent and types of anthropogenic  transformations within the “Pustków” field of the old "Babina" lignite mine located in the Muskau Arch. The map was developed using free and open-source GIS software QGIS that allows for the integration of various geospatial data thematic layers and provides tools for effective analysis and geo visualization. Open data and data acquired within the NCN financed research projects were used to prepare the landscape transformation map.The concept of the graphical presentation is based on the main map and three subsidiary, insert, maps. The content of the main map includes thematic layers representing: the extent of glaciotectonic transformations, location and types of open-cast and underground mining objects, e.g.: external and internal waste dumps, abandoned pits, anthropogenic lakes, remains of mining infrastructure on the surface such as: railway tracks, shafts, extent of continuous and discontinuous ground deformations from underground mining. In addition, present day land development (built-up area, road network, stream network) against the background of terrain elevation in the form of isolines. Finally, new tourist development of the reclaimed post-mining land is presented. The insert maps illustrate: the location of the area of interest in the geographical context, perspective view of the anthropogenically transformed post-mining area based on present-day digital elevation model derived from aerial laser scanning data, 3D visualization of underground workings.The compiled material is a valuable contribution to the documentation and understanding of the evolution of the post-mining landscape in the Muskau Arch area. The map can be used for educational purposes and to effectively manage the area, as it contains information on the location of mining infrastructure. The map not only shows the mining history of the region, but can help in making decisions about further reclamation of the area and promoting the sustainable development of the Geopark.The research has been financed from the OPUS National Science Centre projects grant no. 2019/33/B/ST10/02975 and grant no 2021/43/B/ST10/02157.
Imprint of solar and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation variability in a 1000 year-long water temperature record from the varved sediments of Lake Czechowskie (northern Poland)
Authors: Kaiser Jerome , Rach Oliver , Słowiński Michał , Błaszkiewicz Mirosław , Arz Helge , Brauer Achim
Published: March 2024

Temperature records with a high temporal resolution and spanning the last millennium are of primordial importance to understand climate variability beyond the instrumental period at multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescales. However, such records are rare and absolute values often suffer from large uncertainties. While tree-ring records provide excellent temperature records in the mid-latitudes at an annual timescale, they are generally not well-suited for understanding centennial to multi-millennial climate variability due to biologic age trends. Here, we provide a precisely dated, 1000 year-long temperature record with a decadal resolution from varved Lake Czechowskie located in northern Poland (Europe). The reconstruction is derived from a temperature proxy, which is based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol (GDGT) membrane lipids from bacteria thriving in the lake. The temperature record presents a trend very similar to observed June to November air temperatures for the period 1840 to 1975. However, absolute values are about 2 °C colder than observed air temperature because the estimates reflect temperature near the thermocline as suggested by lake monitoring data. The temperature reconstruction indicates that temperatures were 0.5±0.5 °C warmer and 0.8±0.5 °C colder than AD 1900–1975 during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, respectively. A frequency analysis of Lake Czechowskie record as well as other temperature records from the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes reveals three main periodicity bands at 55–90, 110–190 and 210–300 years. These bands are most likely related to both solar variability (80–90-year Gleissberg and 200–210-year Suess/de Vries cycles) and to the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability/Oscillation (60–90 and 140–180-year periodicities), which is known to modulate temperature in the Baltic Sea region. Lake Czechowskie record represents a unique reconstruction of temperature decadal variability in the southern Baltic lowlands and Northern Europe during the last millennium.