bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive performance of genetically improved and unimproved seedlings of Scots pine
Authors: Haapanen Matti , Ruotsalainen Seppo
Published: October 2021

Our main objective was to determine whether various genetically improved reproductive materials of Scots pine ( L.) differ in growth rhythm, autumn cold acclimation and resilience from unimproved materials. The study consisted of two successive indoor experiments with Scots pine seedlings representing four levels of genetic gain (unimproved natural stands, first-generation seed orchards, 1.5-generation seed orchards and seed orchards established with freezing-tested parents) and a wide range of geographical origins within Finland. The seedlings were assessed for terminal shoot elongation, growth cessation, bud set, freezing injuries and bud flushing over the first growth period. All the adaptive traits showed a latitudinal trend regardless of the genetic level. Seed orchard progenies and natural stand progenies did not differ significantly in the timing of growth cessation, bud set, and the flushing rate of the frost-injured seedlings, after the trait variation was adjusted to the latitude of origin. The differences in autumn frost hardiness were insignificant, too, except for the somewhat higher injury rate displayed by the first-generation seed orchard materials. The finding was not conclusive due to ambiguous results from the two experiments. Overall, we did not find evidence of alarming compromises in the adaptive performance of genetically improved materials.Pinus sylvestris
INFLUENCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SORBUS AUCUPARIA
Authors: Sokolova Elena Nikolaevna , Yuraskina Tat'yana Vladimirovna , Borshcheva Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Fursova Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Sharikov Anton Yur'yevich , Serba Elena Mikhailovna
Published: October 2021

Currently, the diet of almost all population groups in Russia is characterized by a deficiency of vitamins, essential amino acids, macro- and micronutrients, as well as biologically active substances (flavonoids, carotenoids, etc.). Replenishment of the lack of these components in the diet of the population due to natural sources of plant origin is an important and actual task of national health care. The rational use of natural components of plant materials containing a wide range of natural biologically active substances using biocatalytic methods, as well as the selection of optimal conditions for obtaining commodity forms of ingredients, will allow to create preventive products that have a beneficial effect on the human body. Theoretical research in the field of promising sources of food and biologically active ingredients among wild species of plant materials were carried out. Biomedical properties of Sorbus aucuparia were described. The technological characteristics of the biologically active substances extraction from dried plant raw materials was investigated. Thus, it was revealed that the degree of dried berries grinding about 0.2–0.8 mm, the hydromodule 1 : 10 and the extraction duration 240 minutes are most effective for the extractive substances yield. The enzymatic complex, allowing the maximum to release biologically valuable components to extract was selected. The amino acid composition of rowanberry with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. Produced fermentalizates contain complex of biologically active compounds, including amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic substances, that makes these ingredients promising for creation of various foodstuffs to improve quality, nutritional and biological value, taste and other consumer properties.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF THREE SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA L. GROWING IN THE ELTON REGION
Authors: Табаленкова Галина
Published: October 2021

The results of studies of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids (AAs) in the leaves of three plant species of the genus Artemisia, widespread in the Elton region, were presented. Protein AAs were determined on an AAA T-339 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) after hydrolysis of a sample in 6N HCl at 105 °C for 24 h, free AAs – on an AAA-400 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) in a lithium buffer system. The protein AAs amount varied from 66 mg / g in A. lerchiana to 113 mg / g dry weight in A. santonica. 17 AAs were found in composition of these species, aspartic and glutamic acids were dominant. The content of free AAs varied from 4.4 mg / g in A. santonica to 8.3 mg / g dry weight in A. pauciflora. 14 AAs have been identified, among them proline was the predominant free AA. The share of proline was 75-81% of the total free AAs. Among the minor components, 3-4 compounds with a content above 2% dominated. The free AAs contain 3 non-proteinogenic ones (ornithine, citruline, and γ-aminobutyric acid). A. lerchiana and A. pauciflora species were similar in protein and free amino acids, probably due to the same growing conditions. A high level of free proline, together with a complex of biologically active substances in Artemisia species, which grow abundantly in the Elton region, allow to consider the possibility of their use as a medicinal raw material.
EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTES ON ELECTROSURFACE PROPERTIES OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLU-LOSE PARTICLES
Authors: Lorentsson Aleksandr Valentinovich , Koroleva Nadezhda Leonidovna , Chernoberezhskii Yuriy Mitrofanovich
Published: October 2021

The electrical surface properties (specific surface charge of particles - σ0, point of zero charge – pHPZC, electrokinetic potential - ζ and position of isoelectric point - pHIEP) of dispersions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in aqueous solutions of H2SO4, NaOH, Na2SO4 and TiOSO4 were investigated. Significant effects of specific adsorption of anions and cations on pHPZC and pHIEP have been demonstrated. The isoelectric point of the MCC particles in the H2SO4 solution is at pH 2.0, while the zero charge point in 5·10-4 M solution Na2SO4 at pH 5.6. An explanation of the observed effects is given. Possible schemes of the structure of the electrical double layer at different pH values, taking into account specific adsorption of ions in the Stern layer, are given. The introduction of TiOSO4 (10-5 mol/dm3) shifts the position of IEP to a less acidic region (pHIEP 4.5) due to the specific adsorption of positively charged TiOSO4 hydrolysis products particles.
EUDESMANE SESQUITERPENE LACTONES OF THE GENUS INULA AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Pukhov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Klochkov Sergey Georgievich , Afanas'yeva Svetlana Vasilievna
Published: October 2021

Sesquiterpene lactones (SL) are widely distributed in nature (formed biosynthetically in plants from farnesyl pyrophosphate) and are a structurally diverse class of terpenoids with 15 carbon atoms in the skeleton and, in addition to the lactone cycle, can contain various functional groups. Some of them exhibit biological activity both in a rather wide range and in relation to a specific target. An increase in the number of undescribed natural plant compounds of this class, as well as detection in various plant species, opens up new possibilities for their use for the purposes of medical chemistry, phytochemistry, pharmacognosy, chemotaxonomy, and related fields. Using the example of SL of the eudesmane structural type found in plants of the genus Inula, this review attempts to show the relevance of studies of such compounds that investigate the mechanism of action on various biological models, including the goal of developing new effective antitumor agents.
QUANTITATIVE CONTENT OF THE MAIN ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE ROOTS OF THE NATURAL AND IN-TRODUCED PLANT SAPOSHNIKOVIA DIVARICATE (TURCZ.) SCHISCHK.
Authors: Urbagarova Bayarma Munhoevna , Taraskin Vasiliy Vladimirovich , Elisafenko Tat'yana Valer'yevna , Shults El'vira Eduardovna , Korolyuk Elena Anatol'yevna , Radnaeva Лариса Доржиевна
Published: October 2021

A HPLC-UV method was developed for the quantitative analysis of chromones in the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. The optimal parameters of chromones extraction (two-fold ultrasonic extraction with a duration of 40 min with 50% ethyl alcohol at a raw material-extractant ratio of 1:10) were selected. The validation analysis showed that the proposed method is characterized by satisfactory metrological parameters. The method was used for the analysis of raw materials of wild, introduced and commercial samples of S. divaricata. In this work, for the first time in the roots of S. divaricata from natural populations of Buryatia, Trans-Baikal Territory, Mongolia and in the introduced samples, the HPLC-UV method was used to determine the quantitative content of the main active substances: prim-O-glucosylcimifugine (0.13–5.22 mg/g), cimifugine (0.01– 1.82 mg/g) and 4’-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (0.98–3.25 mg/g). The total content of chromones varies depending on the place of collection and the phase of vegetation. The content of chromones in two samples of roots from introduced S. divaricatae, collected in the first year of introduction in different climatic conditions, was established.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE DRY EXTRACT "ROSMATIN" FROM THE HERB OF DRACOCEPHALUM MOLDAVICA L.
Authors: Sheychenko Olga Petrovna , Sheychenko Vladimir Ivanovich , Goryainov Sergey Vladimirovich , Zvezdina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Kurmanova Elena Nikolaevna , Ferubko Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Uyutova Elena Viktorovna , Potanina Ol'ga Georgiyevna , Khazhzhar Fadi
Published: October 2021

Moldavian Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is an annual herb. In FGBNU VILAR a new variety of Moldavian Dragonhead «Nezhnost» has been developed. From the herb of the Moldavian Dragonhead, a technology has been developed for obtaining a dry purified extract, which has received the code name «Rozmatin».

By NMR (1H and 13C) and HPLC-DAD-MS using standard samples and literature data, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the dry extract "Rozmatin" from the herb of the Dracocephalum moldavica was established. Rosmarinic, caffeic and ferulic acids, rosmarinic acid 3-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (tilianin), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (Cosmosiin), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, chrysoeryol-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, apigenin-7-O-β-D-(6ʺ-O-malonyl) glucoside, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, acacetin-7-O-β-D-(6ʺ-malonyl) glucoside, schizotenuin F were identified. It was found that the content of rosmarinic acid in "Rosmatin" is 56.6%, the amount of flavonoids - about 27%. The study of anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of "Rozmatin" in doses of 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg was carried out. A dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect with suppression of the development of the exudative phase of inflammation, as well as a dose-dependent gastroprotective effect of "Rozmatin"", significantly exceeding the similar effect of the referent drug omeprazole, was revealed. Earlier it was found that "Rozmatin" has a tonic effect on the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
FLAVONOIDS OF IRIS SIBIRICA L. GROWN IN VITRO CULTURE
Authors: Mazko Olesya Nikolayevna , Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Shcherbakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Bazarnova Natal'ya Grigor'yevna , Karpitsky Dmitriy Alekseyevich
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) separately and in interaction with auxins on the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in the raw materials of regenerating plants Iris sibirica L. Cambridge grade in comparison with aeroponic and intact raw materials using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography.

Raw materials of I. sibirica Cambridge variety obtained in vitro culture had a richer qualitative composition of flavonoids than intact plants. The dependence of the accumulation of flavonoids on the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine in nutrient media was noted. The presence of 13 compounds was observed in extracts of 70% ethyl alcohol from regenerating plants grown at the lowest concentration of BAP (1.0 µM) within the experiment. In quantitative terms, the flavonoid apigenin was maximally determined on a medium with BAP 1 µM, and kaempferol - on media with BAP 5.0 µM, supplemented with auxins. For a medium with 7.5 µM BAP, the lowest variety of compounds was observed (9) and the lowest kaempferol content. Auxins influenced the synthesis of flavonoids. The amount of flavonoids in all variants of the experiment increased by an average of 13% in the presence of auxins.

The stages of the technological process of obtaining raw materials I. sibirica Cambridge variety on the basis of clonal micropropagation and cultivation in aeroponics conditions allowed to obtain raw materials that do not contain heavy and toxic metals, are not infected with pathogens and pests. With 1 m2 of useful area of aeroponics for 1 year, it is possible to collect 5 times more raw materials than with field cultivation. According to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, aeroponic raw materials are identical to intact plants.
Az önkéntesség motivációs ereje értékrendalapú megközelítés a Z generációs fiatalok körében
Authors: Garai-Fodor Mónika , Csiszárik-Kocsir Ágnes , Varga János
Published: October 2021

Jelen tanulmányban a magyar Z generáció önkéntes programokban való részvételét vizsgálták az önkéntesség iránt különböző motivációval bíró fiatalok értékrendjének megismerése céljából. A tanulmány elméleti kitekintésének egyik pillérét az önkéntesség jellemzői adják. Emellett második pillérként megjelenik a generációs marketing és azon belül is a Z generáció jellemzői. A harmadik pillér a pro bono program. Az ilyen jellegű önkéntes programok egyre nagyobb mértékben kapnak helyet a vállalatok munkaerő-megtartó és ösztönző eszközei között, a vállalati reputációt és a munkavállalói lojalitást egyaránt erősíteni képes employer branding aktivitásként. A tanulmányban bemutatott részeredményekből kiderül, hogy a fiatalokat leginkább saját fejlődésük és önmegvalósításuk motiválja az önkéntes programokban való részvétel során, mely a generáció sajátosságaival összecsengő eredmény. Az önkéntességben való részvétel motivációja összefügg az egyéni értékrenddel, így elmondható, hogy az önkéntesség iránt eddig még motiválatlan(abb) fiatalok elzárkózásának oka a kiforratlan értékorientáció, sok esetben az információ hiánya és nem az értékrendben gyökerező markáns elzárkózás vagy empátia hiánya.
Geological structure and gold content of the eluvial-deluvial placer of the deposit “Golets Visochayshiy”.
Authors: Titov Dmitrii
Published: October 2021

The article describes geological structure, characteristics and goldcontent of eluvium-talus deposit of “Golets Visochayshiy” field, according to data from previous geological reports and data, received by author during his work on this deposit.
Association Between Serum Levels of Neurofilament Light Chains and Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Labenz Christian , Nagel Michael , Kämper Paula , Engel Sinah , Bittner Stefan , Kaps Leonard , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Lüssi Felix
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with liver cirrhosis would be desirable. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the association between MHE and serum levels of neurofilament light chains (sNfL) in patients with liver cirrhosis.

METHODS:

sNfL were studied in patients with liver cirrhosis (with or without MHE) and controls (patients with ischemic stroke, transitory ischemic attack, and healthy individuals). MHE was diagnosed using the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score.

RESULTS:

Patients with MHE showed higher sNfL than patients without MHE and controls. In multivariable analyses, higher sNfL were independently associated with the presence of MHE. sNfL had a reliable discriminative power for the detection of MHE with an area under the curve of 0.872.

DISCUSSION:

MHE is associated with higher sNfL.
Local and generalized bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kovalenko P. S. , Kolganova N. I. , Dydykina I. S. , Kozhevnikova P. O. , Blank M. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article presents a review of cross-sectional studies and long-term prospective observations dedicated to changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and factors influencing it. The relationship between local bone loss (erosion count) and generalized BMD loss was noted. It is indicated that existing RA treatment strategies are aimed at suppressing inflammation rather than preventing bone resorption. There is evidence that anti-inflammatory therapy using glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and biologic DMARDs in combination with antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonates and denosumab) helps prevent BMD loss and the progression of erosions. It is emphasized that osteoporosis in RA, which belongs to the immune-mediated secondary osteopathies, is one of the most frequent and serious complications of RA, which determine the unfavorable course and prognosis of the underlying disease.
Expression of interferon-stimulated genes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on anti-B-cell therapy (preliminary results)
Authors: Avdeeva A. S. , Chetina E. V. , Markova G. A. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: October 2021

Objective: to evaluate the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) – interferon (IFN) signature – in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its dynamics during anti-B-cell therapy.Patients and methods.We examined 20 patients with RA who received two infusions of the biosimilar rituximab (RTM) Acellbia® in a total dose of 1200 mg. Five genes were selected to evaluate IFN signature: IFI44L, MX1, IFIT1, RSAD2, EPSTI1. The expression of IFI44L and IFIT1 could not be determined for technical reasons, and further analysis included three genes – MX1, EPSTI1, RSAD2. IFN signature was calculated as the average value of the expression of three selected genes (IFN-score).Results and discussion. The initial expression level of MX1 was 11.48 (5.45–19.38), EPSTI1 – 12.83 (5.62–19.64), RSAD2 – 5.16 (2.73–10.4) and IFN-score –10.3 (5.18–17.12), in patients with RA it was statistically significantly higher than in healthy donors: 1.26 (0.73–1.6); 1.06 (0.81–1.48); 0.93 (0.72–1.19) and 1.09 (0.92–1.42), respectively (p<0.05). The IFN-score was high in 15 (75%) patients, low in 5 (15%). The use of RTM was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in disease activity and the level of acute phase parameters (ESR, CRP) after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy (p<0.05). In the group as a whole, as well as in patients with a moderate effect of therapy or its absence, by the 24th week of treatment, an increase in the expression of RSAD2 (p<0.05) and a tendency to an increase in the IFN-score level (p=0.06) were observed.Conclusion. In patients with RA, an increased expression of ISH was found compared to healthy donors. An increase in the expression of RSAD2 and IFN-score is observed both in patients with a satisfactory effect of RTM and with no effect. The obtained results can be important for predicting the course of the disease and personalizing therapy.
Determination of the accuracy of osteoporotic fractures risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the prognostic model, developed at V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, and the FRAX algorithm
Authors: Kozhevnikova P. O. , Kovalenko P. S. , Dydykina I. S. , Glukhova S. I. , Lila A. M.
Published: October 2021

Objective: comparison of the accuracy of risk assessment of low-energy fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using the prognostic model developed at V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, and the Russian model of the FRAX algorithm.Patients and methods. A prospective long-term observational non-interventional study included 70 women aged 40–80 years with a definite diagnosis of RA (ACR, 1987). All patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and over time; clinical and anamnestic data were analyzed, including information on fractures that occurred during the observation period, confirmed by medical documents.Results and discussion. The sensitivity and specificity of the FRAX algorithm were 67 and 56%, the sensitivity and specificity of the prognostic model of V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology – 78 and 56%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the FRAX algorithm and the predictive model was 58 and 61%, respectively.Conclusion. The predictive model developed at V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, showed higher diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity, as well as comparable specificity with the FRAX algorithm in assessing fractures in RA patients.
Cervical vertebrae affection in calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (description of a clinical case)
Authors: Cheremushkina E. V. , Eliseev M. S. , Zhelyabina O. V.
Published: October 2021

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations: from asymptomatic course to severe chronic arthropathy with destruction of bone structures. It is believed that calcium pyrophosphate crystals are more often found in the knee and so-called root joints (hip and shoulder), as well as in the triangular fibro-cartilaginous complex. However, CPPD can also affect the axial skeleton. A pathological process localized in the spine is more common in older people and is rare at a young age. The article presents a case of chondrocalcinosis of the cervical spine in a 62-year-old female patient who did not have risk factors.
Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Effective Moisture Diffusivity and Activation Energy of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) under Convective Drying
Authors: Waramit Pathiwat , Krittakom Bundit , Luampon Ratinun
Published: October 2021

Investigation of effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) and activation energy (Ea) of cassava were conducted under convective drying at temperature and velocity of 60, 70 and 80 °C, and 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m/s, respectively. In the experiment, cassava was sliced into 3 mm-thickness and dried under given conditions until mass was saturated. Deff and Ea were described by Fick’s second law and Arrhenius-type equation, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the increase in Deff was significantly affected by increasing the hot air temperature and velocity. The slope method was used to calculate average Deff, and results were found to range from 3.83 × 10–9 – 9.86 × 10–9 m2/s. The Ea was found to decrease with an increase in hot air velocity, ranging from 21.23– 24.92 kJ/mol. Additionally, Moisture content (Mw) and Drying rate (DR) were also used to describe the drying kinetics. From the experimental results, Mw and DR decreased with an increase in drying time. DR increased with an increase in temperature and velocity causing Mw to rapidly decrease and drying time to reduce. The highest DR was found to be 0.55 gwater/min at temperature of 80 °C and velocity of 2.0 m/s.
Kandungan Pigmen dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Tanaman Celosia plumosa Bunga Merah dan Kuning
Authors: Prabawaningrum Dewi , Kasmiyati Sri , Mahardika Anggara
Published: October 2021

Tanaman Celosia plumosa memiliki variasi warna yang ditentukan oleh kandungan pigmen. Aktivitas antioksidan memiliki senyawa yang mampu memperlambat proses oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan pigmen (klorofil, karotenoid, dan antosianin), flavonoid, fenolik, dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tanaman C.plumosa bunga merah dan kuning dengan variasi organ daun dan bunga. Analisis kandungan klorofil dan karotenoid dengan spektrofotometri, antosianin dengan pH-diferensial, flavonoid dengan AlCl3(kolorimetri), fenolik dengan Folin-ciocalteau, dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan DPPH. Kandungan klorofil tertinggi pada daun bunga kuning sebesar 128,80 µg/ml. Kandungan karotenoid tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 8,27 mg/ml. Kandungan antosianin tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 28,94 mg/gr. Flavonoid tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 5,60 mg/L. Fenolik tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 3,48 mg/L. Nilai IC50 tertinggi ditemukan pada bunga merah sebesar 2,75 ppm. Bunga merah memiliki kandungan pigmen antosianin dan karotenoid yang tinggi, dan didukung dengan metabolit sekunder flavonoid dan fenolik yang tinggi. Pada bunga merah kandungan pigmen karotenoid dengan flavonoid terdapat korelasi positif. Sedangkan pada daun bunga kuning dan merah tidak ada korelasi antara flavonoid dan pigmen. Pada daun bunga kuning terdapat korelasi positif antara pigmen antosianin dengan flavonoid yang kuat. Kata kunci : Antioksidan, Celosia plumosa, Flavonoid, Fenolik, Pigmen.
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) terhadap Struktur Ren Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang Diberi Pakan Tinggi Lemak
Authors: Arini Winda , Isdadiyanto Sri , Sitasiwi Agung Janika
Published: October 2021

Daun mimba mengandung senyawa bioaktif diantaranya terpenoid, alkaloid dan flavonoid yang diduga memiliki efek dalam menurunkan kolesterol. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efek pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) terhadap struktur ren tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok dan 4 kali pengulangan, yaitu P0 (kontrol negatif), P1 (kontrol positif), P2 (simvastatin 8 mg), P3, P4 dan P5 (uji dosis ekstrak etanol daun mimba 75, 100 dan 125 mg). Variabel yang diamati yaitu bobot ginjal, diameter glomerulus, diameter kapsula Bowman dan tebal ruang Bowman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terdapat pengaruh bermakna (p>0,05) dari pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba terhadap bobot ginjal, diameter glomerulus, diameter kapsula Bowman dan tebal ruang Bowman pada ginjal tikus yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak etanol daun mimba mampu memperbaiki struktur ginjal tikus hiperlipidemia. Kata kunci : pakan tinggi lemak, daun mimba, diameter glomerulus, diameter kapsula Bowman
Pengaruh Alelokimia Ekstrak Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Kedelai [Glycine max (L.) Merr]
Authors: Shofiyatin Siti Umi , Darmanti Sri , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung
Published: October 2021

Gulma merupakan  tumbuhan yang tidak dikehendaki kehadirannya  karena berpotensi alelopati. Alelopati merupakan interaksi antar  tanaman dengan perantaraan senyawa alelokimia  yang dilepaskan ke lingkungan. Alelokimia dapat menghambat pertumbuhan  tanaman di sekitarnya.  Kirinyuh (Cromolaena odorata L.) adalah salah satu gulma  yang banyak dijumpai di berbagai lahan budidaya.  Kedelai [Glycine max (L.) Merr ] merupakan komoditas pertanian sumber pangan yang berprotein tinggi. Keberadaan gulma, termasuk diantaranya C. odorata  merupakan  salah  satu kendala  penting dalam meningkatkan  pertumbuhan dan produksi  kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengkaji pengaruh alelokimia ekstrak daun C. odorata L. terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman kedelai. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal berupa konsentrasi ekstrak daun C. Odorata  yaitu  0%, 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80%, tiap unit perlakuan dengan lima ulangan. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjut dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95% (α=5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alelokimia pada  ekstrak daun gulma kirinyuh  (C. odorata L.) berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan vegetataif  tanaman kedelai.  Penurunan kandungan klorofil total  dan pertumbuhan vegetatif secara efektif terjadi mulai  konsentrasi ekstrak 40% dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, penurunan nilai parameter yang diukur semakin besar.  Kata Kunci:  alelopati,  alelokimia, gangguan gulma.
Pengaruh Pemberian Serbuk Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap Jumlah Folikel Ovarium Tikus Putih (Ratus norvegicus) Premenopause
Authors: Suprihatin Teguh , Rahayu Sri , Rifa'i Muhaimin , Widyarti Sri
Published: October 2021

Penurunan jumlah folikel ovarium secara drastis karena peningkatan kadar hormon FSH adalah kondisi umum pada wanita premenopause. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi serbuk rimpang kunyit dalam menghambat laju penurunan jumlah folikel ovarium pada tikus putih premenopause. Hewan uji adalah 30 ekor tikus putih betina, galur Wistar, usia 12 bulan, bobot 200-250 g. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (P0), diberi perlakuan akuades 4 ml/hari; kelompok kontrol positif (P1), diberi perlakukan serbuk kurkumin 6,75 mg/kg BB; kelompok perlakuan 1 (P2), diberi perlakukan serbuk kunyit 100 mg/kg BB; kelompok perlakuan 2 (P3), diberi perlakukan serbuk kunyit 200 mg/kg BB; kelompok perlakuan 3 (P4), diberi perlakukan serbuk kunyit 400 mg/kg BB; dan kelompok perlakuan 4 (P5), diberi perlakukan serbuk kunyit 800 mg/kg BB. Perlakuan per oral setiap hari selama 27 hari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, data jumlah folikel ovarium dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNJ. Kelompok perlakuan serbuk rimpang kunyit dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah folikel primer dan jumlah folikel antral tertinggi yaitu 9,7±1,52 atau sebesar 262,16% dan 6,7±0,57 atau sebesar 181,08% dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif.Kata kunci: foikel primer, folikel antral, kurkumin, FSH.
Efek Pemberian Suplemen Kurkumin serta Serbuk Kunyit terhadap Kadar Protein Daging dan Bobot Karkas Puyuh Jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Avianti Fransisca Natalia , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Tana Silvana
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar protein daging dan bobot karkas puyuh jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica) setelah diberi suplemen kurkumin serta serbuk kunyit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hewan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor puyuh jepang yang dibagi dalam 3 perlakuan yang terdiri dari P0: puyuh jepang yang tidak diberi suplemen kurkumin maupun kunyit (kontrol), P1: puyuh jepang yang diberi suplemen kurkumin kasar 0,15 mg/ekor, dan P2: puyuh jepang yang diberi serbuk kunyit kadar 108 mg/ekor. Parameter yang diamati yaitu konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum, kadar protein daging dan bobot karkas. Data yang diperoleh, dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pemberian suplemen kurkumin serta serbuk kunyit memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan kadar protein daging, namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum dan bobot karkas puyuh jepang. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplemen kurkumin serta kunyit pada puyuh jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica) dapat meningkatkan metabolisme protein sehingga kadar protein daging meningkat dan mendukung performa puyuh jepang. Kata kunci: puyuh jepang, kurkumin, serbuk kunyit
SZKOŁA, UNIWERSYTET I BIZNES JAKO WĘZŁY SIECI UCZĄCEJ SIĘ – ROLA PRZYSZKOLNYCH OGRÓDKÓW METEOROLOGICZNYCH W KSZTAŁCENIU GEOGRAFICZNYM I PRZYRODN ICZYM W SZKOLE PODSTAWOWEJ „ŁEJERY” W POZNANIU
Authors: Sypniewski Jakub , Kiendzierski Sebastian
Published: October 2021

Geography is traditionally perceived as a discipline of science dealing with the spatial diversity of the outer shell of the earth, and the relations between its components and human activity (Tkocz, 2005). The identification of relations and correlations, constructing hypotheses and, finally, observations and measurements are among the most important skills of applying knowledge in practice (Regulation of the Ministry of Education of 14 February 2017 on the core curriculum). In a world of dynamic acquisition of factual knowledge, practical skills are gaining in importance, together with the ability to select information and search for it. Connectivity is the answer to contemporary trends in education, viewed as the theories of education, perceiving knowledge as a set of network connections between objects. In this perspective, learning is about establishing and developing such connections (Downes, 2017). This idea promotes abstaining from fact-based knowledge or even concept development and to look for facts, collect and process them. As part of “Łejery! What kind of weather is this?!” carried out by the school (project organizer), Faculty of Geographic and Geological Sciences (the content-related sponsor) and the Enea company (sponsor of the Enea Academy of Talents project), a self-organising map was created in accordance with the theory of constructivism. By means of measurements and exchanging information, the students can empirically and single-handedly acquire their own knowledge and practical skills.
CO NAM DAJE LAS – EDUKACJA PRZYRODN ICZO-LEŚNA W POWIECIE POZNAŃSKIM
Authors: Kugiejko Magdalena
Published: October 2021

The article presents the use of nature in supporting the processes of teaching and developing children and youths. The surrounding natural environment, the outdoors, can be compared to a laboratory which provides an opportunity to use direct experiences, leading to a clearer interpretation of the natural environment. The purpose of the article was to determine the level of accessibility and use of valuable nature areas in Poznan county for educational purposes. In the article, the author presents the characteristics of the activitiescarried out by various organizations, i.e. the Konstantynowo Forestry Inspectorate and education centers in the Wielkopolski National Park. The discussion draws attention to the difficulties faced, such as the insufficient number of teaching staff in the centers, the lack of available dates or inadequate information provided to the age groups which often arise in trying to achieve the intended tasks. The goal set was implemented through the analysis of interviews with teachers and employees of these institutions (case study).
Chemistry International–Freely-Available Across the World
Authors: Humphris Colin
Published: October 2021

From January 2022 Chemistry International will be freely-available to all in electronic form and will no longer be available in print. The objective is to make it readily-available to a much broader audience. It will still be published four times a year and whilst retaining its familiar layout, will be web based in a page-turning format from both the De Gruyter and IUPAC websites.
Synthetic biology open language visual (SBOL visual) version 3.0
Authors: Baig Hasan , Fontanarossa Pedro , McLaughlin James , Scott-Brown James , Vaidyanathan Prashant , Gorochowski Thomas , Misirli Goksel , Beal Jacob , Myers Chris
Published: October 2021

People who engineer biological organisms often find it useful to draw diagrams in order to communicate both the structure of the nucleic acid sequences that they are engineering and the functional relationships between sequence features and other molecular species. Some typical practices and conventions have begun to emerge for such diagrams. SBOL Visual aims to organize and systematize such conventions in order to produce a coherent language for expressing the structure and function of genetic designs. This document details version 3.0 of SBOL Visual, a new major revision of the standard. The major difference between SBOL Visual 3 and SBOL Visual 2 is that diagrams and glyphs are defined with respect to the SBOL 3 data model rather than the SBOL 2 data model. A byproduct of this change is that the use of dashed undirected lines for subsystem mappings has been removed, pending future determination on how to represent general SBOL 3 constraints; in the interim, this annotation can still be used as an annotation. Finally, deprecated material has been removed from collection of glyphs: the deprecated “insulator” glyph and “macromolecule” alternative glyphs have been removed, as have the deprecated BioPAX alternatives to SBO terms.
A pápai Kúria tagjai és a magyar javadalmak a 14. században: Petrus Begonis életpályája
Authors: Ágnes Maléth
Published: October 2021

The papal government was characterized by centralisation in the 14th century in which the tax system and the papal beneficial policy were two main factors. The Avignon popes strived to extend their influence on every stratum of the ecclesiastical hierarchy by rewarding the members of the Curia’s developing administrative system with benefices in the local churches. The changes in the functioning of the papal curia offered a great opportunity for a growing number of qualified clerics to build successful careers in the papal service. The process briefly described above had an impact on the contemporary ecclesiastical structure of the Hungarian Kingdom, as more and more clerics tried to obtain benefices with papal protection, especially in the second half of the 14th century. Soon not only papal officers, but cardinals and the members of their entourage held Hungarian ecclesiastical titles as well. The main aim of the present paper is to analyse the lifepath of a curialist, Petrus Begonis. First procurator of cardinal Guillaume de la Jugie, later papal chaplain, Petrus Begonis was granted various church offices – also in the Hungarian Kingdom – and charged with diverse diplomatic tasks in different parts of Europe (Hungary, Holy Roman Empire, Italy). His ecclesiastical career – spanning from the reign of Clement VI to that of Urban VI – gives an insight in the functioning of the papal curia in Avignon and helps us comprehend the administrational changes in the 14th century.
A Model of the CA1 Field Rhythms
Authors: Mysin Ivan
Published: October 2021

We propose a model of the main rhythms in the hippocampal CA1 field: theta rhythm; slow, middle, and fast gamma rhythms; and ripple oscillations. We have based this on data obtained from animals behaving freely. We have considered the modes of neuronal discharges and the occurrence of local field potential oscillations in the theta and non-theta states at different inputs from the CA3 field, the medial entorhinal cortex, and the medial septum. In our work, we tried to reproduce the main experimental phenomena about rhythms in the CA1 field: the coupling of neurons to the phase of rhythms, cross-rhythm phase–phase coupling, and phase–amplitude coupling. Using computational experiments, we have proved the hypothesis that the descending phase of the theta rhythm in the CA1 field is formed by the input from the CA3 field via the Shaffer collaterals, and the ascending phase of the theta rhythm is formed by the IPSPs from CCK basket cells. The slow gamma rhythm is coupled to the descending phase of the theta rhythm, since it also depends on the arrival of the signal via the Shaffer collaterals. The middle gamma rhythm is formed by the EPSPs of the principal neurons of the third layer of the entorhinal cortex, corresponds to experimental data. We were able to unite in a single mathematical model several theoretical ideas about the mechanisms of rhythmic processes in the CA1 field of the hippocampus.
SARS-COV-2 – THE LATEST GLOBAL THREAT AND THE PROSPECT OF COVID-19 THERAPY WITH THE USE OF CHITOSAN
Authors:   Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering Lodz University of Technology, Pieklarz Katarzyna , Modrzejewska Zofia
Published: October 2021

Epidemics of infectious diseases have always been a threat to humanity and have contributed to increased mortality in the affected areas. This also applies to a new species of coronavirus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite preventive measures implemented all over the world to minimise the spread of the pathogen as well as the development of vaccines, which have been approved for emergency use, the situation is still worrying. Moreover, the problem is exacerbated by the lack of targeted treatments for COVID-19 patients. One possible solution is the using preparations based on natural raw materials, including chitosan. This biopolymer is of great interest due to a number of unique biological properties, among which its antiviral effect is a key feature. Hence, this paper presents the application possibilities of chitosan-based solutions in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, with particular emphasis on COVID-19.
The emerging role of heterodimerisation and interacting proteins in ghrelin receptor function
Authors: Price Maria L , Ley Cameron D , Gorvin Caroline M
Published: October 2021

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone secreted primarily by the stomach that acts upon the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1), a G protein-coupled receptor whose functions include growth hormone secretion, appetite regulation, energy expenditure, regulation of adiposity, and insulin release. Following the discovery that GHSR1a stimulates food intake, receptor antagonists were developed as potential therapies to regulate appetite. However, despite reductions in signalling, the desired effects on appetite were absent. Studies in the past 15 years have demonstrated GHSR1a can interact with other transmembrane proteins, either by direct binding (i.e. heteromerisation) or via signalling cross-talk. These interactions have various effects on GHSR1a signalling including preferential coupling to one pathway (i.e. biased signalling), coupling to a unique G protein (G protein switching), suppression of GHSR1a signalling, and enhancement of signalling by both receptors. While many of these interactions have been shown in cells overexpressing the proteins of interest and remain to be verified in tissues, substantial evidence exists showing that GHSR1a and the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) form heteromers, which promote synaptic plasticity and formation of hippocampal memory. Additionally, a reduction in GHSR1a-DRD1 complexes in favour of establishment of GHSR1a-Aβ complexes correlates with Alzheimer’s disease, indicating that GHSR1a heteromers may have pathological functions. Herein, we summarise the evidence published to date describing interactions between GHSR1a and transmembrane proteins, discuss the experimental strengths and limitations of these studies, describe the physiological evidence for each interaction, and address their potential as novel drug targets for appetite regulation, Alzheimer’s disease, insulin secretion, and inflammation.
Neuroscience findings on brain maturation – arguments for the exclusive criminal liability of young people
Authors: Dünkel Frieder , Geng Bernd , Passow Daniel , Sakalauskas Gintautas
Published: October 2021

Taking together all the evidence on the aetiology, development and differential processes of delinquent behaviour from childhood to adulthood, we dispose of important new evidence from the neurosciences, which, compared to traditional criminological, developmental, psychological and sociological evidence, increases our capacity to explain the age-crime curve. In particular, the right-hand side of the curve, indicating desistance from crime in young adulthood between the ages of 18 and 25, can be based on new insights from neuroscientific research on brain maturation and the development of self-control mechanisms. As a result, new questions about judicial reactions and interventions must be raised. If an individual’s brain is fully matured only in the mid-twenties, general criminal law is possibly inappropriate, and a specific youth or young-adult criminal law reflecting the transitional processes and the diminished culpability of young-adult offenders should rather be applied. In many European jurisdictions, the scope of youth justice has been extended upwards to 18–20 year-old adults, in the Netherlands even up to 22 years of age, a political decision affecting criminality and based on new neuroscientific evidence.
The Link Between Personal Factors and Workaholism: The Role of Remote Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Morkevičiūtė Modesta , Endriulaitienė Auksė
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the way of doing work for the relationship between employees’ perfectionism, type A personality and workaholism during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 668 Lithuanian employees participated in a study. The sample included employees who worked in the workplace (n = 331), as well as those who worked completely from home (n = 337). The levels of workaholism were measured using DUWAS-10 (Schaufeli et al., 2009). A multidimensional perfectionism scale (Hewitt et al., 1991) was used for the measurement of perfectionism. Type A personality was assessed with the help of the Framingham type A personality scale (Haynes et al., 1980). It was revealed in a study that the positive relationship between perfectionism and workaholism was stronger in the group of complete remote workers. It was further found that the moderating role of the way of doing work was not significant for the relationship between type A personality and workaholism. Overall, the findings support the idea that remote work is an important variable determining the development of health-damaging working behaviors among those employees who excel perfectionistic attributes. Therefore, the way of doing work must be considered when addressing the well-being of employees.
Features of Mental Health Service Provision During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Specialists Who Work with Suicide Prevention in Rural Areas
Authors: Čepulienė Austėja Agnietė , Dadašev Said , Grigienė Dovilė , Marcinkevičiūtė Miglė , Uržaitė Greta , Rimkevičienė Jurgita , Umbrasaitė Ignė
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic can influence the situation of suicide rates and mental health in rural regions even more than in major cities. The aim of the current study was to explore the functioning of mental health service provision during the COVID-19 pandemic through interviews with mental health professionals and other specialists who work with suicide prevention in rural areas. Thirty specialists were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. The following codes were identified during the thematic analysis: providing help during the pandemic (mental health professionals and institutions adapted to the conditions of the pandemic, remote counselling makes providing help more difficult, the help is less reachable); help-seeking during the pandemic (people seek less help because of the pandemic, seeking remote help is easier, the frequency of help seeking didn’t change); the effects and governing of the pandemic situation (the pandemic can have negative effects on mental health; after the pandemic mental health might get worse; the governing of the pandemic situation in Lithuania could be more fluent). The current study reveals positive aspects of mental health professionals’ adaptivity during the pandemic, as well as severe problems which are related to the access to the mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.