bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of in-situ Development Technology of Oil Shale with Near and Sub-critical Water
Authors: Wang Lan , Li Zhiping
Published: July 2019

With unconventional oil and gas reservoirs gradually becoming the global oil and gas hotspot resources, the development and research of unconventional reservoirs has also been paid more and more attention by researchers. Among them, oil shale has enormous reserves in the world and plays an important role in unconventional resources. The development of oil shale can be divided into surface distillation and in-situ development. The purpose of this paper is to systematically summarize and evaluate the application of critical water in the development of oil shale. This paper also tries to find out whether there is more study on its application in order to realize industrial production of oil shale by critical water extraction. At present, researchers in China have done a lot of researches about near and sub-critical water development on oil shale, especially teachers and graduates of Jilin University. In the past two decades, researchers have made rapid progress in extracting organic matter from oil shale by using sub-critical water and near critical water. Sub-critical water refers to water whose temperature is lower than 374 °C and pressure is between 14 and 22.1 MPa, while near-critical water refers to water whose temperature is between 150 and 374 °C while the pressure is between 0.4 and 22.1 MPa. Water in these two states has superior mass transfer performance, acid-base catalytic function and lower dielectric constant than normal water. Of course, the biggest advantages of sub-critical water and near-critical water are non-toxic and inexpensive, which is of great significance to environmental protection in the process of oil shale development. In order to study the feasibility of in-situ extraction of shale oil from near-critical water and sub-critical water for field application, a comprehensive survey was conducted.
Analysis of heat transfer performance of precast concrete sandwich insulation wall
Authors: Liu Li , Hou Weikai , He Yuhan , Qu Sen
Published: July 2019

Based on the thermal performance test of precast concrete insulation sandwich wall, the finite element model of the wall is established to analyze the influence of insulation mortar layer thickness and insulation layer material on the insulation performance of the wall. The results show that with the increase of insulation layer thickness, the insulation performance of wall with insulation mortar and EPS as insulation layer can be improved to a certain extent. After EPS is used as insulation material, the insulation performance of the wall can be improved obviously.
Comparative analysis of dynamic characteristics of Intake Towers based on Pseudo-Static and Response Spectrum Method
Authors: Li X T , Si Z , Huang L Z , Du X Q , Huangfu B H , Li C Y
Published: July 2019

This study analyses the intake tower of a pumped storage power station in a dynamic way. The pseudo-static and response spectrum methods are used to obtain the stress–displacement distribution of the intake tower structure under normal water storage conditions. The extreme values of stress and displacement in the X, Y and Z directions and the differences of their locations are comparatively analysed. The path of the maximum principal stress of the protruding part is finally obtained. Results show that under seismic conditions, the pseudo-static and response spectrum methods can reflect changes in stress. The pseudo-static method is relatively safe, but using the response spectrum method out of reach of an anti-seismic location is more reasonable. The research results can serve as a reference for the structure design of intake towers.
Research on Hydraulic Speed Control System of Ship Crane Anti-Rolling Device
Authors: Ji Yang , Wang Hu , Chen Haiquan , Guo Mingxuan
Published: July 2019

Ship cranes will be shaken sharply due to the influence of additional loads such as wind, waves and current during operation. Due to the influence of additional loads such as wind, waves and flow, the marine crane in operation will cause the cargo to shake sharply, which reduces the efficiency of the work greatly. In order to solve this problem, a three-rope traction type anti-rolling device is designed. In this paper, a hydraulic speed control system of the crane anti-rolling device is designed, the boundary conditions of the traction cable load are analysed, The boundary conditions of the traction cable load are analyzed, and the parameter matching of the main components such as hydraulic motor and hydraulic pump in the speed control system is studied.
Case Study on Scale Optimization of Pump-storage Variable Speed Units Based on Power System Operation Simulation
Authors: Feng Jun-shu , Zhang Fu-qiang , Yuan Bo
Published: July 2019

Pumped-Storage Hydro (PSH) power units, especially variable speed units, have great roles in guaranteeing power system operation safety, stability and efficiency. As the investment cost of pumped-storage variable speed unit is higher than fixed speed unit, it is necessary to study its optimal scale. This paper used a scale optimization model for variable speed units based on power system security constrained unit combination model, which can demonstrate the most economic scale of variable speed units in all new pumped-storage power units under a given power supply planning. And then, calculation examples of multi-category regions in China were done, which shows that in a given power plan, demand on pumped storage variable speed units in the peak shaving and valley filling category region is the highest, followed by safety guarantee category, and demand on pumped storage variable speed units in feed end areas in proportioned new energy absorption category is relatively low.
Changing properties of extreme flood in Xiliugou River Basin, China
Authors: Dang Suzhen , Yao Manfei , Yin Huijuan , Dong Guotao
Published: July 2019

Based on the annual maximum flood discharge sequence of the Longtouguai hydrological station in the Xiliugou River Basin from 1960 to 2015, the statistical probability characteristics of extreme flood discharge were analyzed by using generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, generalized Pareto (GP) distribution, Pearson type III (P-III) distribution, general logistic (GLO), and Burr distribution. The parameters were estimated by the L-moments method, and the optimal distributions were selected by some of goodness-of-fit method. The results showed that the annual maximum flood discharge series decreased significantly with an abrupt change point around 2005. From the L-moments and goodness-of-fit test method, Burr distribution can better fit the annual maximum flood discharge before and after the abrupt change. Compared with the sequence before the change, the return period becomes larger and the probability of severe flood is smaller. The designed maximum flood peak discharge for the same return period of the entire sequence is smaller than that of the sequence before the change.
Problems Existing in the Operation Energy Saving of Central Heating Pipe Network and Solutions
Authors: Lv Xue , Qi Junfeng , Zhang Lingyue
Published: July 2019

In recent years, in the country vigorously advocate energy conservation and environmental protection call, all industries have made a positive response. As the largest part of the building energy consumption of the largest consumer of social energy, central heating energy saving operation will be a difficult task facing us at present, and the energy saving of heating pipe network is just an important link that cannot be ignored in the energy saving of heating system. Therefore, this paper will mainly discuss and analyze the energy consumption links existing in the pipe network of central heating system, and put forward the corresponding optimization and transformation measures.
Research on Corporate Social Responsibility from the Perspective of Low-carbon Economy and Sustainable Development
Authors: Cao Li
Published: July 2019

Low-carbon economy and sustainable development are the foundation of the enterprise healthy and long-term development, which is also an expression of the enterprises to fulfill social responsibility. However, due to the weak enterprise environment responsibility consciousness, the government regulation is not comprehensive, lacking of enterprise stakeholders which will further push and causes the environment responsibility of corporate social responsibility performance. This paper provides new ideas and methods for the research on the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility from the perspective of low-carbon economy and sustainable development.
Application of exhaust heat recovery in energy saving of HVAC
Authors: Pei Xiang
Published: July 2019

The research, development and application of energy-saving technologies are the basis of HVAC system energy saving. The recycling of the energy contained in exhaust air can achieve greater economic and environmental benefits. This article analyzes the waste heat recovery technology, and mainly analyzes the technical feasibility and energy saving of the application of fresh air and exhaust energy recovery system in the design stage of the HVAC system. From the setting of the sensible heat recovery system and the setting of the total heat energy recovery system, the energy consumption reduction of the HVAC system is analyzed, and it is proposed that the exhaust heat recovery technology has greater potential for energy conservation.
Decoupling Analysis of Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions from the Perspective of City Scale
Authors: Zhang Caijing , Lu Na , Chen Yang
Published: July 2019

The cities of China are different in scale, studying the decoupling relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions, and the influencing factors will help to achieve China’s “low carbon economy” development strategy. In this paper, the Tapio decoupling model is used to study the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in six different scale cities, including Shanghai, Wuhan, Xianyang, Qinhuangdao, Shizuishan and Jinchang. The conclusions are as follows: the greater the scale of the city, the stronger ability of decoupling; compared with the population, the per capita GDP, the industrial structure has the most positive effect on the decoupling; only the energy intensity has a negative effect, but the effect is greater. Therefore, we should focus on industrial structure optimization and energy intensity reduction.
Evolution and Inspiration of Saudi Arabian Energy Strategy
Authors: Junshu Feng , Xiaoqing Yan
Published: July 2019

Saudi Arabia has rich oil resource and accounts for one sixth of the world’s oil reserve, around which its energy strategy has been evolved to oil. This paper firstly reviewed and examined the evolution of Saudi Arabian energy policy by taking into account of the critical role of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in this process. Then how Saudi Arabia had acquired a dominant position in OPEC and how this affect the future of OPEC were discussed. Finally, some recommendations with respect to the energy strategy of other countries were given.
Research on the strategic framework and path design of Global energy interconnection standardization
Authors: Li Yun , Zhao Wenhui , Gao Yongfeng , Li Zhen
Published: July 2019

As the main way of global energy supply in the future, the global energy interconnection will bring great impact on economic and social development. In order to give full play to the role of standardization, determine the specific implementation plan, and realize the overall strategy and deployment of the long-term goal of global energy Internet, this paper first summarizes the formulation and status of the strategic planning of the international standardization organization. By referring to the experience of international Organization, global energy interconnection’s strategic framework in the field of international energy standardization was constructed, and the path to realize global energy interconnection standardization strategy was designed. Finally, based on the future development of global energy Internet, this paper puts forward the proposal of standardized strategic planning.
Energy Saving Analysis of Circulating Water Waste Heat Recovery from Water Source Heat Pump
Authors: Ma Chuang , Ren Jianxing , Li Fangqin , Hou Xin , Feng Haijun , Zhang Xiaotong
Published: July 2019

By analyzing the way of circulating water-water source heat pump heating and direct pumping heat supply, the water source heat pump recovers low-grade power plant circulating water waste heat, which has significant energy saving potential. The water source heat pump technology is used to recover the residual heat of circulating water in low-temperature power plants, realizing the conversion of energy from low grade to high grade, in line with the principle of energy cascade utilization. The critical parameters of water source heat pump heating are better than conventional heating by calculation and analysis. The actual example shows that when the pumping temperature reaches 188 °C, the water source heat pump is more energy efficient than the pumping heat.
Formation characteristics of ultra fine particles during oxy-coal combustion with flue gas recirculation
Authors: Yongjun Xia , Linguo Chen , Jun Wang , Rui Cai , Zixing Tan
Published: July 2019

A laboratory-scale oxy-fuel combustion experimental apparatus was built up to simulate the real oxy-fuel combustion. Under conditions with three kinds of recycles (no-RFG, de-ash and ash), combustion experiments of DT bituminous coal (rich in Si and Al) and SH bituminous coal (rich in Ca) were conducted to investigate the influence of recycled ash on formation of ultrafine particle matters. The results show that, compared with the no-RFG condition, under condition with de-ash flue gas recycle, the yields of ultrafine particle matters of the DT and SH coal were both basically invariant, while that under condition with ash recycle decreased by about 12.03% (DT coal) and 7.73% (SH coal), respectively. Under condition with ash recycle, the silicon aluminate, which was rich in the ash of DT coal, would absorb the Na and K vapor released during the combustion, and the rich CaO in the SH coal may also absorb the S element during the combustion to restrain the S from migrating to the ultrafine particles, both of the reactions decreased the formation of the ultrafine particles.
The discussion of Well Selection and Layer Selection Method on Polymer Flooding Fracturing in Class II Reservoir
Authors: Yingying Zhang
Published: July 2019

The main purpose of oil well fracturing is to alleviate the intra-layer contradiction and tap the remaining oil at the top of the thick reservoir for the primary reservoir. Aiming the problem such as long polymer injection interval, several layers, serious heterogeneity in plane and vertical in Class II reservoir, the main purpose of fracturing is to alleviate the plane and interlayer contradiction and tap the remaining oil at the edge of the buried river channel and at the position of inter-river variation. Because of the differences in geological characteristics and fracturing purposes, the method of selecting wells and layers for the primary reservoir has some inadaptability in the application of the Class II reservoir. In order to improve the fracturing effect of polymer flooding in Class II reservoir, it is necessary to explore the method of well selection and layer selection, in order to suitable for polymer flooding in Class II reservoir.
Hybrid Modeling of Central Air-Conditioning Cold Source System Energy Consumption with K-means Cluster Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Zhihao
Published: July 2019

Gray box model and artificial neural network (ANN) model of central air-conditioning cold source system have been established with simulation data to predict system operation energy consumption and compare the prediction accuracy difference of models under variable training data. A hybrid model is proposed to combine gray box model and ANN model based on K-means cluster algorithm. The results show that ANN model has higher prediction accuracy than gray box model when the membership of model input variables to trained input data is greater than 0.4. Otherwise, the gray box model has higher energy consumption prediction accuracy. Compared with gray box model and ANN model, prediction accuracy of hybrid model increases 27.7% and 33.85% on average under different training data.
Research on the Transformation and Upgrading of China’s Recycling Resources Industry
Authors: Jin-xuan Qiao
Published: July 2019

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the economy is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading. The renewable resources industry has been given new missions and requirements. The renewable resource industry is a fundamental change to the extensive development model of “mass production, mass consumption, and mass abandonment” in China, and is also the basic way to conserve resources and protect the environment. This paper explores the new situation and existing problems in the development of renewable resources industry, and proposes the path of transformation and upgrading of renewable resources industry. This provides a strong support and reference for the formulation of renewable resource industry planning and development strategies.
Methods and research status of energy consumption analysis and optimization for coal-fired generator units
Authors: Zhang Yuanshu , Zhao Yuzhu , Chen Hao , Wu Xi , Meng Fanyang
Published: July 2019

Reducing the energy consumption of coal-fired generator units (CFGN) is an inevitable choice for the transformation of the power industry to low-carbon. Starting from the analysis of the energy consumption evaluation index of CFGN, the main factors affecting the energy consumption of CFGN are analysed. It is proposed that the operation optimization is an important way to reduce the energy consumption of CFGN. From the aspects of hierarchical measurement and reconstruction of process parameters, the establishment of equipment thermodynamic characteristic model, and the determination of benchmark operating conditions, the methods and research status of energy consumption analysis and operation optimization of CFGN are discussed. It is pointed out that the application of data mining information technology is the development direction of CFGN operation optimization.
Investigation and Survey on the Standardization of China’s carbon emission trading market Based on the Enterprise Demand Analysis
Authors: Guo Huiting , Liu Mei , Zhang Sinan , Yang Ming , Zhao Xuezhi
Published: July 2019

In 2017, China’s carbon emission trading market was officially launched. This paper investigates on the needs of carbon emission standardization in key industrial fields such as chemical industry, building material industry and paper industry. To provide the standardized support for the stability, expansion and sustainable development of China’s carbon emission trading market, this paper proposes the direction of the standardization construction that is urgently needed by key industries in China’s carbon emission transaction.
Risk factor of secretory immunoglobulin A and salivary lysozyme level in children aged under 3 years to severe early childhood caries
Authors: Primasari A , Octiara E , Yanti N
Published: July 2019

Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC) is a significant dental health problem in various countries. The caries pathology process is affected by saliva status. An important antimicrobial component in saliva is sIgA preventing the attachment of bacteria to enamel and lysozyme capability to act as an antibacterial by hydrolyzing bacterial polysaccharide walls. The aim of the study is to compare the sIgAlevel and salivary lysozyme between children with caries free and suffering from SECC, aged under 3 years. This study is an observational analytic with cross sectional design. Saliva samples were collected unstimulated from 68 children. Examination of sIgA level and salivary lysozyme used ELISA sandwich technique. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis, while correlation test used Spearman. The results showed,there was no significant differencein sIgAlevel between caries-free children and SECC children (p > 0.05). It has been found that in caries-free children have a higher mean lysozyme level than SECC children. It has been found a medium correlation between deft and lysozyme level (r = -0.492). In conclusion, lysozyme level was a risk factor for the incidence of SECC in children aged under 3 years. The higher deft status, the lower lysozyme level of the child.
Utilization of plants colonized by mycorrhizal fungi to reduce Lead in the soil: Greenhouse study
Authors: Delvian
Published: July 2019

Utilization of plants and soil microbes in rejuvenating heavy metal-polluted soil is one of interesting topic and environmental-friendly technology. The study aimed to evaluate the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) in promoting growth of Vetiver zizanioides and Cynodon dactylon under various concentration of Lead (0, 100, 400 and 800 mg.kg-1). All fungal cultures were grown in greenhouse for ten weeks. Several plant growth promoting parameters and Lead content were examined. Tested plants were able to grow under all lead concentrations while V. zizanioides showed the highest growth than C. dactylon. Lead content decreased in all treatments while V. zizanioides also showed the highest accumulation of lead than C. dactylon. The results showed that inoculation of mycorrhiza were able to lower negative impacts of lead to plants with varying degree.
Antioxidant Effect of Clerodendrum sp and Acanthus illicifolius Methanol Extraction on Blood Profile of Male Mice Induced by Benzo(α)pyrene
Authors: Widiastuti Endang Linirin , Arifianti Rizka , Khairani Iffa A. , Christianto Y. , Ara Naufallia F. , Maharani Henni W.
Published: July 2019

Benzo(α)pyrene is one of carcinogenic PAH substances which commonly produced by many different sources of polutant. The study was conducted in order to determine the effect of methanol extraction ofClerodendrumsp andAcanthus illicifoliuswhich known to be two of common mangrove plants on the blood profile of male mice induced by benzo(α)pyrene (one of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon/PAH). Thirty male mice(Mus musculus)ofddystrain from Lampung Vetenary Agency were used to conduct the study. Completely randomized design was assigned for this study. Mice were grouped into 5 different group treated with PAH injection, one groups used as control without any injection, one as postitif group with PAH injection but not given with any methanol extraction and the last three group were given with methanol extraction ofClerodendrumandAcanthusand taurine prior PAH injection. All the animal study were kept in room temperature with 12:12 light cycle and fed and waterad libitum.Observation of their blood cells and protein profile was made after 14 days. Data was analyzed byOne-WayAnova at 5% followed by Fisher’s at level of p < 0.05. The study showed that methanol extraction ofClerodendrum, Acanthusand taurine were able to return back either the number of redblood or whiteblood cells. However, the protein profile of the blood was not able to show any differences among treatment groups from which 14 different bands were observed under SDS-PAGE method.
Enhancing the efficiency of ethanol production from molasses using immobilized commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two layer alginate-chitosan beads
Authors: Sebayang Firman , Bulan Rumondang , Hartanto Adrian , Huda Adri
Published: July 2019

The commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully inoculated and immobilized in the present study. The immobilization was conducted through a double layer encapsulated method in which 3% of alginate and 1% of chitosan become the first and second layer, respectively. The light microscopy confirmed that the inoculated-cell was dispersed and spread well in the alginate layer as the first layer. The interaction between alginate-chitosan was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and the results demonstrated the physical interaction without forming any chemical interaction and binding in the immobilized cell. The immobilized cell was then used for producing ethanol from molasses through the batch fermentation process. The immobilized cell can successfully convert the glucose to ethanol and used for three cycles of fermentation before finally being saturated. The saturated was generated by breaking down of the chitosan layer generated by cell proliferation. The layer breakage forms the fouling as the effect of absorbed molasses in the surface of layer. However, the fermentation using immobilization cells provides the high-efficiency process by converting high percentages of ethanol yield production and solve the post-treatment process.
The Utilization of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) by The People Around Batang Gadis Nasional Park Area
Authors: Azhar I , Risnasari I , Muhdi  , Srena M F , Riswan
Published: July 2019

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a non-timber forest species that has long been known as multi benefits plant. Almost all physical and production parts of this plant can be used and have economic value. Juice sap, palm fruit, leaves, palm fiber, and stems is harvested and collected for both commercial and household use yielding some products. This study has objective to identify the potential and utilization of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) in Pastap Julu village around the Batang Gadis National Park area. The utilization of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is studied by applying a method of collecting data with questionnaires and interviews to the community. The results of this study indicate that the most popular parts of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) harvested by community in Pastu Julu village is male flower section or locally called nira, a traditional sweet cold drink, and is also then processed into palm sugar. Another part collected are female flower section which converted into fruit sweets, leaves for bird cages, and palm stem which is utilized as a fiber brooms.
Morphological and Simple Sequence Analysis of Tangerine (Citrus nobilis L.) From Three Regencies in North Sumatra
Authors: Nurwahyuni Isnaini , Pangaribuan Naomi Clara , Hannum Saleha
Published: July 2019

Tangerine or Mandarin orange (Citrus nobilis L) is a well known citrus in the world and becomes a fruit commodity in Indonesia. Various types of local tangerine have been produced with different name depends on the village and Regency where the citrus are grown. However, the information about the genetic variation of the citrus are limited. The research is aimed to study the genetic similarity of the local tangerines by using morphological and simple sequence analysis. The research was carried out by collecting citrus samples from eight villages that are spread in three Regencies at North Sumatera. The morphological characteristic of the citrus are documented, and the DNA are analyze by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) for their genetic variation. The results have revealed that different tangerines (local named as Brastepu, Maga, Sipirok) are having similar morphological characters. The protein in the DNA are containing 48 bands (100 bp-300 bp), consisted of 30 polymorphic bands and 18 monomorphic bands, and have compared to four DNA primers. Analysis of the genetic diversity by using NTsys software found that they are clustered on 0.74 similarity coefficient value and the local citrus are devided into 3 groups. The lowest genetic distance on the Sibanggor Tonga with Baringin Siumuran was 0.63 (63%), meanwhile the highest distance was 1.0 (100%) on Huta Namale with Huta Lombang, Aek Kambiri, and Aek Horsik..
Antibacterial and phosphate solubilization activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from Pterydophyta (Tectaria barberi)
Authors: Munir E , Mamangkey J , Lutfia A , Yurnaliza
Published: July 2019

Endophytic bacteria have been isolated from many plants and their contribution to host plants have been proposed by many researchers, such as preventing plant from pathogens, producing plant growth hormones, producing bioactive compounds, solubilizing phosphate, etc. However, the study of endophytes of pioneer plant such as fern is very limited. The objective of this study was to obtain potential endophytic bacteria from fern Tectaria barberi and to measure their ability to inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli (EPEC), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Listeria monocytogenes BTCC B693, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315). The ability of isolates in solubilizing phosphate was measured to learn possible role of endophytes for the plant. Six endophytic bacteria were obtained. Antagonistic test indicated all isolates inhibited the growth of tested pathogens to some extends. Isolates EPS36 showed the highest inhibition activity against EPEC (with inhibition zone 8.6 mm). The isolate also inhibited the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis by 6.1 and 6.6 mm, respectively. EPS37 inhibited the growth of S. aureus by 6.1 mm, EPS02 inhibited P. vulgaris (5.6 mm), EPS42 to L. monocytogenes (5.7 mm), and EPS21 inhibited MRSA (5 mm). Qualitative screening of isolates in Pikovskaya media after 24 hours incubation showed that EPS41, EPS36, and EPS37 formed clear zone surrounding the colony indicating their ability to solubilize phosphates. As far literatures has been surveyed, this is the first study of endophytes bacterial isolates from pteridophytes in the country, and a lot more is needed in order to elaborate the role of endophytes from this plant.
Correlation of net photosynthesis to the sum of productive branches and seed weight on shaded soybean
Authors: Mawarni Lisa , Chairunnisa T , Karyudi
Published: July 2019

The morpho-physiological of plants will be changed in shaded condition. This paper examined the correlation of net photosynthesis to the sum of productive branches and seed weight on four shaded soybeans at various shading levels. A split-plot factorial design was used in this study with three replications. The treatments consisted of shading level as the main plot with four treatment levels, namely 0% (no shade), 30%, 50%, and 70% shade; soybean varieties as the subplot consisted of four soybean varieties, namely Anjasmoro, Pangrango, Tanggamus, and Nanti. The net photosynthetic data and seven agronomic characteristics data were analyzed by ANOVA (F test) followed by the DMRT and Pearson correlation analysis at test level 5%. The result showed that the number of productive branches and seed weights per plant positively correlated with net photosynthesis which was significant at 0.47% and 0.41%, respectively.
Physicochemical properties of egg roll from composite flour of wheat and purple flesh sweet potato
Authors: Nurminah Mimi , Ginting Sentosa , Sitorus Christine Juliani
Published: July 2019

Intensification of use of local food like purple flesh sweet potato is useful for food diversification program and food endurance in Indonesia. Physicochemical properties of egg roll from addition purple flesh sweet potato flour and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) have been learned, with ratio of wheat flour with purple flesh sweet potato flour (T): (80%:20%; 60:40%; 40%:60%; and 20%:80%) and concentration of CMC (C): (0%; 0,5%; 1,0%; and 1,5%). Using wheat flour with purple flesh sweet potato flour of (60%:40%) and concentration of CMC (0,5%) gave the best quality of egg roll.
The Effect of Lime Solution’s Concentration (Ca(OH2) on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Durian Seed’s Flour (Durio zibethinus)
Authors: Nurminah Mimi , Nainggolan Rona J , Simanjuntak Febryola K
Published: July 2019

Lime solution was used to decrease mucus in durian seed, so durian seed can be used for food like flour. The introduction of durian seed for flour is aimed to looking for new resource of flour, decrease our dependence on wheat flour, and support food diversification program. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of lime solution’s concentration in durian seed’s flour using completely randomized design by single factor. Durian seed’s flours production which lime solution’s concentration (K) was used as factors (0,1%, 0,5%, 0,9%, 1,3%). Parameters analized were ash, moisture, fat, protein, crude fiber, aroma and color. Based on the analysis parameters results, the best durian seed’s flour will be applied in muffin’s production. The results showed that lime solution soaking treatment (Ca(OH)2) 0,1% produced the best durian seed’s flour.
The Effectiveness of Botanical Insecticides of Four Plant Types and Adjuvants on Nutrition Index of The Fifth Instar Larvae of Heliothis Armigera Hubner
Authors: Nursal  , Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: July 2019

The effectiveness of the botanical insecticide formulations derived from a mixture of the ethanol extracts of the four plants; sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis), Mexican sunflower leaf (Tithonia diversifolia), ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) with and without miracle adjuvant has been examined on the nutritional index of the fifth instar larvae of H. Armigera. Nutritional index parameters were observed using a complete randomized design (CRD) with six treatment concentrations (0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 2.00%, 4.00%) and 15 larvae for the iterations. The observation data were analyzed by variance if there was any difference followed by Duncan’s test at the level of 5%. The results showed that all treatment concentrations, both with and without miracle adjuvant, could reduce the larval nutrition index and differ from the control treatments, namely; relative consumption rate (RCR) at 19,506% - 28,457% without adjuvant and at 16,566% - 36,740% with adjuvant; relative growth rate (RGR) at 10,545% - 45,545% without adjuvant and at 22,545% - 62,545% with adjuvant; efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) with and without adjuvant at 14,041% - 24,951% and 16,651% - 57,302% respectively, while the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) is at 14,629% - 30,106% without adjuvant and at 16,651% - 57,302% with adjuvant. On the contrary, the approximate digestibility (AD) increased by 18,195% - 30,656% without adjuvant and 22,223% - 62,579% with adjuvant. The effect caused by botanical insecticide formulation with miracle adjuvant is higher compared to the one without any adjuvant. Effective concentration with adjuvant occurs at 2%, and 4% without adjuvant. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of sweet orange peel contained 5 secondary metabolites (alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, saponin), 2 (Flavonoid and Tannin) in Mexican sunflower leaf, 5 (Flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, and tannins) in ginger rhizomes, and 3 (terpenoids, steroids, saponins) in lemongrass stems.
In Silico Studies in Antimicrobial Peptides Design and Development
Authors: Rinanda T
Published: July 2019

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of natural-derived molecules exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Currently these molecules have been investigated comprehensively due to their interesting features regarding antimicrobial and immunomodulatory mode of actions which placed them as promising therapeutics agents in this post antibiotics era. Numerous strategies have been implemented in order to develop a novel AMP for biotechnology and therapeutics applications, one of which is in silico study.. This approach offers a rapid and cost effective manner in AMPs design and development. In silico studies provide additional and substantial information for in vitro techniques. In this paper, we deliver an overview of the applicable in silico approaches that have been used in designing and developing AMPs.
Effects of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L) and Conservation Method on the Chemical and Biological Properties of Soil
Authors: Mico Saputra Whin Themas , Rauf Abdul , Sabrina Tengku
Published: July 2019

This study was aimed to determine the use of conservation techniques and compost fertilizer application on small holder oil palm plants with different planting years to repair and improve of chemical and biological soil character. This research was conducted in Pagarmanik Village, Silinda Sub-District, Serdang Bedagai Regency and PT. Socfin Indonesia and also Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara. The research was conducted in February 2018 to June 2018. The research used Split Plot Design with 2 factors and 4 replications. Factor I: year planting (Main plot) consists of 2 levels, T1: 5 years planting and T2: 20 years planting and Factor II: conservation method (sub-plot) consists of 3 levels, K1: conventional, K2: concave disk + compost and K3 : individual rorak + compost. The compost used is municipal waste + cow/sheep manure + urine and cow washing water with 5: 5: 5: 1 ratio. Soil sampling is carried out vertically with 0-60 cm depth. The parameters used are soil pH, cation exchange capacity and organic soil matter. The results showed that the use of conservation techniques in oil palm plants can maintain the pH soil content (20 years) and cation exchange capacity in the soil in 20 years old plants but have not been able to maintain the C-organik content in the soil at the age of 20 years.
Lead accumulation activity of fungi isolated from Batang Toru, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra
Authors: Wijaya N , Priyani N , Munir E
Published: July 2019

Lead is non-essential heavy metal, resistant to corrosion and toxic to living organisms. The metal is widely used in industrial processes such as in smelting, paintings, electronics, automotives, etc. It is the major heavy metal contaminating environment and usually accumulates in waste of mining activity. Batang Toru is a site of gold mining in North Sumatra in a district of South Tapanuli. The research was aimed to obtain the potential fungal isolates from the district, and to measure their ability to accumulate lead in their mycelia. Fungi were isolated from soil at Batang Toru area and then were screened for their tolerance of lead in minimalagar medium supplemented with lead. The lead uptake was assayed by growing the isolates in minimal broth medium containinga different concentration of lead. A total of fifteen fungal isolates were obtained from potato dextrose agar medium. Three isolates (XF02, XF09, and XF21) exhibited the best growth response in lead supplemented media. The ability of the isolates to accumulate lead in the mycelia varied from 10,843 to 92,325 mg/g. The highest accumulation of lead was shown by XF02 isolate with 92,325 mg/g of mycelia. Then this result indicates that the fungi obtained in the study are potential candidates for metal remediation application in the future.
Extraction of Phenol and Antioxidant Compounds from Kepok Banana Skin with PEF Pre-Treatment
Authors: Hendrawan Yusuf , Larasati Ratri , Wibisono Yusuf , Umam Choirul , Sutan Sandra Malin , Choviya Hawa La
Published: July 2019

Kepok banana (Musa parasidiaca L) consumption produce banana skin waste that is only used as animal feed and house waste. Kepok banana peel contains phenol and antioxidants of 12.35% and other compounds. These compounds can be extracted using maceration methods. A pre-treatment process is needed to increase phenol compounds and antioxidants using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). The advantage of using PEF pre-treatment is that it can break down the cell membrane with the electric shock without using high temperatures. The purpose of this study is to increase the total phenol using PEF pre-treatment to obtain optimal result. PEF pre-treatment varied by electricity field strength and PEF time, where the electric field strength used was 2, 3, and 4 kv/cm and the duration of time used was 2, 3, and 4 minutes. The method used for testing the total phenol content is the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the method used for testing antioxidant activity is the DPPH (1,1-dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. In the study, the best value of the total phenol content was in the electric field strength variation of 4 kv/cm for 2 minutes, which was 1.664 ± 0.226 mg GAE/mg dry extract. Whereas the best value on the antioxidant activity test on Kepok banana peel is on 4 kv/cm for 4 minutes, which was 13.086 ± 4.547 mg/ml.
Physiological Effect of Colchicine Treatment to Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Doulu
Authors: Ayu G M , Elimasni  , Nurwahyuni I
Published: July 2019

Productivity of garlic from Doulu cultivar is still considered low and has not yet been able to fulfill local needs, especially in North Sumatera. Meanwhile, the public interest of local garlic was low due to its tiny size and high cost compared to imported garlic. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of colchicine concentration during immersion treatment towards physiological performance of Doulu cultivar. Experimental design used in this study was randomized block design with two factorials comprised of 20 combinations and three replications. The first factor was colchicine concentration (D): 0% (D0), 0.1% (D1), 0.2% (D2), and 0.3% (D3). The second factor was immersion durations: 0 (T0), 6 (T1), 12 (T2), 18 (T3), 24 (T4) hr. The results showed that control group exhibit higher value in terms of plant height, number of leaves, dry and fresh weight of bulbs compared to treatment groups. Concentration of 0% (control) within 12 hr of immersion duration (D0T2) showed the highest plant height of 22.38 cm, producing 5.05 leaves and dry weight of 1.57 g. The heaviest weight of fresh bulbs was observed from treatment group, in concentration 0.3% colchicine within 0 hr of immersion duration (D3T0) yielding 4.58 g.
Daily Activity of Elephant Allomothers (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU) Area, Langkat, North Sumatera
Authors: Berliani Kaniwa , Hartini Kansih Sri , Andriani Yuli
Published: July 2019

Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is a social animal living in groups. A group of elephant is called herd consists of male, female, allomother and calf. Non-parenting females are called allomother with the role of maintaining calves from other females. In daily activity, allomother may also display a typical infant handling which is valuable for studying interaction between them. This study will describe the daily activity of elephant allomother in Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU) Area, Langkat, North Sumatera. Methodology used was focal animal sampling with continuous sampling of data record. Object in this study were two allomothers, namely Ardana and Sari with three calves, namely Christopher, Albertina and Eropa. Daily activities of allomothers were recorded as Defecating (DF), Urinating (UR), Mudding (MU), Resting (RE), Mating (MT), Salting (ST), Feeding (FE), Parenting (PR), Drinking (DR) and Walking (WK). We recorded 19,569 sample points from allomother daily activities with Ardana having 10,838 points and Sari having 8,821 points. The longest duration of activity recorded were: Parenting (PR) with 5,807.13 min, Walking (WK) with 5,695.50 min and Feeding (FE) with 3,842.71 min. The shortest duration recorded was Mating (MT) with only 18.96 min while remaining activities lasting between 346.25 to 614.63 min. Duration of daily activities is directly proportional to the percentage of frequency performed by allomothers.
Asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator with single flow system: field-test scale, thermal performance parameters, and E. coli inactivation
Authors: Laithong Wreerat , Tepsri Phattarathicha , Thepa Sirichai , Songprakorp Roongrojana , Yoriya Sorachon
Published: July 2019

This work presents a developed field-test scaled asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (ACPC) and an investigation of its performance with a single flow system of water on Escherichia coli inactivation. As a function of water flow rate, ability to produce hot water of the ACPC and hence inhibit the growth of bacterial in water is focused to study; the flow rates varied are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 l min−1. With a design and choice of material, the constructed ACPC unit with 0.2 l min−1 could produce hot water with maximum temperature of 76.4 °C, with lower flow rates resulting in the lower outlet water temperature and consequently the reduced kinetics of bacteria inactivation. Thermal performance parameters have been described in a correlative view with the particular operation condition and flow rate variables through mathematic calculation. The effect of inlet driving temperature, believed to play a significant role controlling the outlet temperature, on E. coli inactivation has been investigated.
Orthodox Christianity: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward
Published: July 2019

To many in the West, Orthodoxy remains shrouded in mystery, an exotic and foreign religion that survived in the East following the Great Schism of 1054 that split the Christian world into two camps—Catholic and Orthodox. However, as the second largest Christian denomination, Orthodox Christianity is anything but foreign to the nearly 300 million worshippers who practice it. For them, Orthodoxy is a living, breathing reality. Whether they are Greek, Russian, or American, Orthodox Christians are united by a common tradition and faith that binds them together despite differences in culture. Orthodox Christianity: A Very Short Introduction explores the enduring role of this religion, and the history, beliefs, and practices that have shaped it.
Byzantines and Franks
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward
Published: July 2019

The encounter with Islam impacted Christianity in many ways, and was one of the contributing factors in one of the most acrimonious debates in the Eastern church—the iconoclast controversy. The question was whether the use of icons (pictures of Jesus, Mary, and the saints) violated the biblical commandment prohibiting the worship of graven images. ‘Byzantines and Franks’ discusses the battle between the iconoclasts and the iconodules, and how, despite these troubles, Christianity continued to grow in the East and West. However, by the eleventh century, the “Great Schism” that divided the Christian world into the Orthodox East and the Catholic West had begun. The Crusades and the sack of Constantinople in 1204 deepened the divide.
Sources of Orthodox thought
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward
Published: July 2019

At times the Orthodox themselves have had difficulty distinguishing custom and Tradition, but on the whole Orthodoxy knows that some traditions must be preserved while others may not be as essential. So what then is Tradition? For the Orthodox it is the faith received by the Apostles from Christ, handed down complete without addition or subtraction over two millennia, and lived out in the daily life of the church. Preserving the Tradition has been one of the distinguishing features of Orthodox Christianity. ‘Sources of Orthodox thought’ considers the ways in which the Tradition has manifested and expressed itself: from the Bible and the canons to the church fathers, saints, and worship.
Nazi Germany: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Caplan Jane
Published: July 2019

The Nazi regime dominated European history for twelve years between 1933 and 1945, and left a legacy that still echoes today. Nazi Germany: A Very Short Introduction provides a highly relevant reminder of the fragility of democratic institutions, and the ways in which a mass political movement, the exploitation of popular fears, and frail political opposition can lead to the imposition of dictatorship. After considering the emergence and popular appeal of the Nazi party, it examines the relationships between belief, consent, and terror in securing the regime, alongside the crucial role played by Hitler. Arguing that war and conquest were intrinsic to National Socialism, this VSI shows how genocide became its ultimate goal, and concludes with a discussion of the place of Nazi Germany in history and public memory.