bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del Plan de Desarrollo Municipal de Santiago el Pinar, Chiapas. Una contribución con enfoque de Planeación Territorial
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, López Gómez Patricia , Arias Domínguez Carlos Abimael ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Méndez Gómez Edgar ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Gómez Hernández Juana ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Girón Guzmán Carlos Manuel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas
Published: August 2022

La planeación territorial se promueve como un elemento tecno-político clave en los procesos de desarrollo; garantiza la ocupación segura, ordenada y sustentable del territorio. El presente trabajo examina el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal de Santiago el Pinar (2018-2021), un municipio de la Región Altos de Chiapas, en México. A través de la revisión de documentos oficiales y recorridos de campo, analizamos si el plan implementado se apega a las dinámicas sociales y económicas locales. En forma particular, retomamos el caso del Programa Ciudades Rurales Sustentables que se impulsó para erradicar las condiciones de pobreza y marginación social. Identificamos que el plan presenta diversas inconsistencias: metodológicamente no sigue los lineamientos jurídicos necesarios y establece estrategias de acción ambiguas que impiden atender las necesidades prioritarias del municipio. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la elaboración del plan requiere una mayor especialización de las autoridades locales, así como una perspectiva horizontal, de participación y diálogo con la ciudadanía.
¿Campesinos, indígenas y migrantes?. Articulación de distintos modos de producción en Los Altos de Chiapas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, López Arévalo Jorge Alberto
Published: August 2022

El objetivo general del libro, ¿Campesinos, indígenas y migrantes? Articulación de distintos modos de producción en Los Altos de Chiapas, es recuperar una cuestión aparentemente culminada en la década de 1970; es decir, los procesos de confrontación, articulación y absorción de las economías no capitalistas por el sistema dominante. El núcleo de la investigación, considerando la actual reconfiguración del espacio rural, está centrado en validar la pertinencia de regresar a los estudios del campesinado mediante la recuperación del concepto “modo de producción” como elemento analítico.
The effect of blood BHBA level on fertility in sheep
Authors: GÜNGÖR Şükrü , ÖZKARA Haydar , İNANÇ Muhammed , HERDOĞAN Mine , MART Feyzanur , ÇAY Hasan Ali , YILDIZ Ramazan , GÜMÜŞ Hidir , AKIN Ahmet Cumhur , ATA Ayhan
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was the effect of pre-synchronization blood BHBA level on pregnancy rates of sheep in the non-breeding season. For this purpose, 100 Merino/Merino crossbred ewe, aged 2-4 years, who have given one birth before, were used in the study. For synchronization purposes, progesterone containing sponges 60 mg Medroxyprogesteron acetate (MPA) analogue, were administered intravaginally for 14 days. BHBA (betahydroxybutyric acid) measurement was made by drawing blood in each animal on the day of administration. 500-700 IU PMSG was injected at the time of sponge withdrawal. Oestrus was observed 24 hours after sponge withdrawal with the help of teaser ram. Animals which was in estrus were hand mated. Pregnancy status was recorded with the help of ultrasound using the transrectal probe in the interval 35-45 days after mating.
All of the synchronized animals were determined to be in estrus and their mating were performed. As a result of the pregnancy examination, 57 (57%) of the animals became pregnant and 43 (43%) did not become pregnant. Blood BHBA values were measured in the range of 0.12 mmol/L -0.66 mmol/L (n:100) in present study and the average of BHBA as 0.35±0.083 mmol/L was determined. While blood BHBA level of pregnant animals was found as 0.29±0.005 mmol/L, blood BHBA level of non-pregnant sheep was found to be 0.41±0.073 mmol/L, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). In addition, it was determined that there was a strong negative correlation between blood BHBA level and pregnancy rates in sheep (r = −0.719, p<0.001).
As a result, it was concluded that there was no study in the literature about the relationship between the fertility parameters of sheep and the blood BHBA level in the mentioned period, and it was concluded that the presented study made a significant contribution to the literature. It has been concluded that a higher fertility success can be achieved from animals with low BHBA levels, that fertility rates can be increased by regulating the energy balance of animals with high BHBA levels, and that the study can be a criterion to be considered in achieving the target of 3 lambing in 2 years in terms of herd management in sheep breeding.
Characteristics of growth and development of winter wheat plants depending on the variety, sowing date and predecessor in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Authors:   State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Astakhova Ya. V.
Published: August 2022

Topicality. Researches aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the formation of highly productive crops with the introduction into production of new intensive winter wheat varieties with various biological characteristics and due to significant climatic changes are becoming increasingly important. Issues. The plant growth and development in natural conditions depends on a complex of external factors. A favorable combination of these factors enhances growth processes, while a lack or excess of them weakens the development of plants. At the same time, the root system and aboveground vegetative mass development of winter cereals is significantly influenced by predecessors and sowing dates. In addition, each of the varieties responds differently to these factors. Purpose. To study of the characteristics of plant growth and development of different varieties of soft and durum winter wheat depending on sowing dates and predecessor in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. During 2016–2018, Lastivka Odeska and Holubka Odeska varieties of soft winter wheat and Burshtyn variety of durum winter wheat were sown. Field researches were conducted according to generally accepted methods. Results. It was found that when winter wheat was sown on September 7, plants were higher, the number of shoots, nodal roots, leaves and above-ground vegetative mass was significantly greater. In the conditions of 2017, at the growth cessation in the autumn, no tillering plants of the late sowing (October 7) occurred. At the growth resumption in the spring, the leaf surface area and plant weight decreased in the crops of the early sowing. Conclusions. Among the agrotechnical methods of winter wheat cultivation, the sowing dates influence significantly on the biometric indicators of plants. Early sowing led to overgrowth of plants, and thus the leaf area and weight of plants decreased during the winter. In the spring, at the time of growth resumption, it was observed that the number of shoots and nodular roots increased for all sowing dates. The plants grew and developed better on the black fallow compared to the stubble predecessor. The height, leaf area and weight of 100 dry plants of the Lastivka Odeska and Holubka Odeska varieties of soft winter wheat exceeded similar indicators of durum wheat Burshtyn. Keywords: winter wheat, sowing date, variety, predecessor, biometric indicators, leaf area.
Implementasi E-MarketingProduk Ekonomi Kreatif Di Galeri Payungi Metro
Authors: Pasa Annisa Nurbani , Nandavita Alva Yenica
Published: August 2022

E-marketing saat inimarak dibicarakan dan mulai diterapkan oleh pelaku bisnis.Termasuk dalam pemasaran produk ekonomi kreatif pada galeri Payungi yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan.Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan ekonomi kreatifyaitupemahaman dan penerapan strategi promosi pemasaran.Pemilihan media sarana promosi e-marketing yang tepat dan efisien salah satunya yaitu menggunakan media sosial dimana mayoritas masyarakat sekarang menggunakannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi e-marketingpada produk ekonomi kreatif yang ada di galeri Payungi berdasarkan pada lima komponen e-marketing.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dan bersifat deskriptif kualitatif.Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder.e-marketingsebagai media pemasarannya melalui media sosial telah menerapkan  unsur-unsur dalam komponen e-marketingyang meliputi marketingseperti proses, membangun hubungan dengan konsumen, online, pertukaraan, dan pemenuhan kebutuhan kedua pihak. Sehingga implementasi e-marketingproduk ekonomi kreatif pada galeri Payungi bisa dikatakan sudah cukup efektif.Namun masih terdapat kendala dan masih ada komponen yang belum terlaksana.
Differentiation Analysis Of Abnormal Stock Return Amid Political Contestation And Pandemic In Indonesia
Authors: Anggara Berwin , Pratama Uchi Wina
Published: August 2022

Political events frequently affect the condition of the stock market and industrial sectors anywhere in the world, Indonesia is no exception. Regarding the political year, the manufacturing industry is expected to perform the best. The two manufacturing industry sectors are expected to gain the highest performance growth, namely the food and beverage industry and textile product industry. Due to the increasing demand for election campaign activities in local Indonesia, both are likely to achieve positive growth. The condition of pandemic of Covid-19 strike combined political events are an event that could have implications for capital market turbulence, this hypothesis is developed on the assumption that major events can affect the macroeconomics so that corporate actions in the form of dividend announcements can affect stock returns, this will certainly be avoided by investors. However, in this research using event study data set for 2018-2020 based on the corporate actions of dividend announcements, it was revealed that this was not an influential factor. Using the event study research method and the paired sample t-test, the results show that there is no difference in stock returns before and after the announcement of dividends, even though the corporate action was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic which was happened consecutively after political events. From the results of the research conducted by the writers, which results in the premise that cash dividend announcements do not provide a good signal for investors in Indonesia, there is an assumption that investors do not notice dividend announcements as a distortion of interest in investing
Authors: WAHYUNI DESI
Published: August 2022

ABSTRAK 

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kinerja perusahaan berdasarkan metriks uang dan rasio terhadap pengungkapan emisi gas rumah kaca. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 31 perusahaan yang mendapat peringkat Proper emas tahun 2013-2018 dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara simultan kinerja perusahaan berdasarkan metriks uang dan rasio berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan emisi gas rumah kaca dengan probabilitas 0,0031. Namun, setelah diuji secara parsial hanya satu variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan tetapi pengaruhnya adalah negatif, variabel tersebut adalah sales. Sementara lima variabel lainnya yaitu Ebitda, Profit, Asset, Price, dan Roe tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, perlunya sebuah edukasi mengenai pengungkapan emisi gas rumah kaca yang berbeda dengan pengungkapan tanggung jawab social perusahaan.

Kata Kunci:pengungkapan, gas emisi rumah kaca, kinerja perusahaan, proper
Al AL-MASYAQQĀH TAJLIB AL-TAYSIR TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN DAN PERILAKU EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Ahyani Hisam
Published: August 2022

The Qawa'id fiqhiyyah al-Masyaqqāh Tajlib al-Taysir is a general foundation in social thinking and behavior that provides guidance for all people and nations in Indonesia, especially in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 as it is today, to carry out various interactions with each other. The guidance given concerns several aspects of life such as legal, economic, social, political and state aspects, as well as culture to human behavior problems when collided with Islamic economics by understanding the principles contained therein. This research focuses on the study of qawa'id Fiqhiyah al-Masyaqqāh Tajlib al-Taysir, which means Difficulty of Giving Birth to Ease, and its implications for economic thought and behavior in society in the current era, namely the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. In this case, the understanding of the difficulty of giving birth to ease is that mutlaq is needed to carry out an ijtihad or renewal of thought. The existence of this fiqh principle, in which the difficulty of giving birth to convenience proves that Islam, with all its tools, pays close attention to human behavior in fulfilling the daily needs of both social and economic needs. This can be proven when Allah SWT allows Muslims to interact and transact with non-Muslims at the same time, even Allah SWT gives flexibility to the mukalaf in determining their economic activities according to their ability levels. However, this almost Qath'i rule, namely masyaqqah is limited by the Shari'a in order to maintain the originality of human benefit from the rules made by the creator
Interactive Governance for the Sustainability of Marine and Coastal Resources in Thailand
Authors:   Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand, Satumantpan Suvaluck , Chuenpagdee Ratana ,   Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Published: August 2022

Coastal zones are biodiverse, with complex and dynamic interconnectivity between terrestrial and marine areas, and with multiple interactions between ecological and social systems. Despite on-going efforts to conserve and protect these ecosystems, destructive extraction and unsustainable resource utilization are persistent, posing challenges for governance. Issues and concerns in coastal zones are cross-sectoral and cross-boundary, often with overlapping jurisdictions. They are considered ‘wicked’ governance problems, requiring nuanced approaches to address, rather than technical quick fixes. Interactive governance is one such approach that examines relationships within and between the ecological and social systems, as well as with the governing system. Theoretically, the governability of coastal zones depends on the inherent quality of these systems and their interactions, and improving governability needs to take place in all three orders of governance. At the ‘first order’, a better understanding of the diversity, complexity and dynamics of coastal zones, and related scale issues is required. Improving governability at the ‘second order’ involves evaluating and adjusting the existing legal and institutional frameworks to improve the performance and the correspondence with the systems they aim to govern. Finally, discussion about coastal governance needs to be elevated to ‘meta-order’ where principles are set and values derived so that hard choices can be made, for instance, between conservation and utilization of coastal resources. Guided by the interactive governance framework, the paper presents an overview of coastal governance in Thailand, summarizing key features of the natural, social and governing systems associated with coastal zones, and discussing what can be done to improve coastal governability.
UTP’nin Raw 264.7 Hücre Hattında Canlılık Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ERMİŞ Erkan , CANSEV Zeynep , ETGÜ Onur , YÖYEN ERMİŞ Diğdem , ORAL Barbaros
Published: August 2022

Makrofajlar immün sistemin önemli hücreleridir ve eksiklikleri ya da disfonksiyonları vücutta ciddi hastalıklara yol açar. Bir pirimidin nükleotidi olan üridin-5’-trifosfat’ın (UTP) makrofajlar için bir sinyal molekülü gibi davrandığı bilinmektedir. Ancak UTP’nin makrofaj canlılığı ya da proliferasyonu üzerine etkileri henüz araştırılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada farklı konsantrasyonlarda (1, 10 ve 100 μM) uygulanan UTP’nin RAW 264.7 fare makrofaj hücrelerinin canlılığı üzerine etkileri farklı zaman noktalarında MTT [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür] testi kullanılmak suretiyle incelenmiştir. UTP uygulandıktan 24 ya da 48 saat sonra hücre canlılığında kontrole göre herhangi bir fark gözlenmezken, 10 μM konsantrasyonda uygulanan UTP’nin 72 saat sonra hücre canlılığını kontrole göre %27,7 oranında (p
Revisão do Gênero Bauhinia Abordando Aspectos Científicos das Espécies Bauhinia forficata Link e Bauhinia variegata L. de Interesse para a Indústria Farmacêutica
Authors: Nogueira Albina C. O. , Sabino Cláudia V. S.
Published: August 2022

Este estudo foi fundamentado na literatura científica na área de plantas medicinais. Foi feita a revisão preliminar sobre a caracterização botânica, etnobotânica, ecológica, química, farmacologia, toxicologia e o valor nutricional de duas espécies do gênero Bauhinia, Bauhinia forficata Link e Bauhinia variegata L. usadas como hipoglicêmico. Os principais dados foram compilados objetivando diferenciar e evidenciar o potencial dessas espécies como matéria prima para a indústria farmacêutica.
Evaluation of three novel retrograde filling materials (Microleakage study)
Authors: Saeed Dr. Musab Hamed , Horr Dr. Shirin Mohammad , Mehdi Dr. Jamal A.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to compare apical microleakage of MTA followingreverse retrograde root filling with that following Alumina Cement, Light Cement,Zenium HMP retrofilling. The root canals of 42 extracted teeth were instrumented andobturated with vertically condensed gutta-percha. Each tooth was apically resectedand the apex was prepared by fissure bur to 2 mm depth and the root surface isolatedwith nail varnish. Teeth were divided randomly into four groups of 10 teeth each.First group was retrofilled with MTA, second group with Alumina Cement, thirdgroup with Light Cement, and the fourth group with Zenium HMP. Followingimmersion in 2% Fuchsine dye for 72 hours, the roots were sectioned and the depth ofdye penetration was evaluated by a Global stereomicroscope at x70 magnification.Thesealing effectiveness of the retrograde filling materials was determined by their abilityto inhibit dye penetration. Results showed that the least leakage for zeniuum HMPcement with a mean of 0.6, MTA with a mean of 1.0, light cement with a mean of1.10, alumina cement with a mean of 1.50 with the most leakage. However, thesedifferences were not seen to be statistically significant using the Kruskal Wallis Testor the Mann Whitney Test. It was concluded that Zenium HMP cement provides abetter seal than MTA and Light Cement and Alumina Cement when used asretrograde filling.
Clinical assessment of position of impacted lower third molars and their indications for extraction
Authors: Ali Dr. Yahya A. , Ibarheem Dr. Aqeel Ibarheem , Hamad Dr. Taha Yaseen
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the position of impacted lower thirdmolars, the indications for extraction, and the post-operative complications. Recordsof patients who attended Misan general hospital between March 2008 and April 2009for surgical removal of mandibular third molars.The angulation type and depth of impaction were determined by reviewing theorthopantomograms. A total of 140 impacted teeth were surgically extracted from 132patients (69 males, 63 females). The reasons for extraction include recurrentpericoronitis (55%) followed by caries (25%) and prophylactic purposes (20%).Mesioangular impactions accounted for (49.29 %) and Level 1 position ofimpaction accounted for (65%) of extractions. 40 complications (28.57%), includingpersistent pain and swelling, infection, dry socket, Trismus and ulceration werereported . Persistent pain and swelling was the most common complications followedby infection.There was no significant relationship between the angulation, level of impactionand the occurrence of complications. Mesioangular type and Level A position ofimpaction were the most common impaction. Although the association was notsignificant, high frequency of post-operative complications was observed inmesioangular, horizontal and level A position of impaction.
Evaluation of Pain response experienced by the patients after normal teeth extraction according to the operator genders
Authors: Rassul Dr. Haider Ali
Published: August 2022

Gender stereotypes can lead to a variety of generalizations that affect theperceptions of patients. Pain mechanism start with peripheral stimuli which willinitiate the afferent nerves fibers that will transmit the signals towards the centralnervous system through the spinal cord into the cerebral cortex where the pain signalwill be translated.The aim of this research is to evaluate the complex assessing of patient’s painperception in relation to the gender of the dentist during normal teeth extraction.Samples in this study was composed of (50) patients, divided into two equalgroups, first group treated by male students and the second’s group treated by femalestudents.The results of statistical analysis of data showed that pain perception by thepatients was in mild status more in male group 18(72%) than female group4(16%),While in moderate was less in male group 5(20%) than female group15(60%),and in sever also less in male group 2(8%) than female group 6 (24%).A significant difference was shown between the two students' gender in case ofmoderate and sever pain status (Chi-square in moderate status 8.33 & p-value= 0.004while in sever status 2.381 & 0.048respectively), while high significant difference inmild status (Chi-square15.91and P<0.01).In Conclusions: A statistical analysis showing that pain perception experienced bythe patients treated by male students’ operator liable to be less than those treated byfemale students’ operator.
The effect of design on Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: Nasser Dr. Najim O.
Published: August 2022

The importance of properly designed removable partial denture cannot beoveremphasized, the execution of removable partial denture design may determine thesuccess or failure of the appliance inadequate design assures its facility.This study was done to confirm the effect of Kennedy classification and clinicalexamination on the removable partial design of group (A) dental technician and group(B) the dentists, and to be solved in future.The result show 36% of the cases were modified and changed according to thecases related variables this high and significant number of munificent reinforces theposition that RPD design should be decided and guided by the dentists.The study conducted the effects of Kennedy classification and clinicalexamination on the RPD design marked by the dentists after providing the clinicalexamination played a very important role in changing the RPD designs.
Comparison between apex locater and conventional radiography in working length determination of mandibular anterior teeth.
Authors: Gholam Dr. Mohammed K.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the accuracy of apex locater in determination of working length during endodontic work with that of conventional radiograph. A total of 24 mandibular teeth in patients (40-60 years) were used in this study. Working length for each tooth was measured using root ZX apex locater and conventional radiography. Results of this study revealed that twenty one readings obtained by the apex locator were shorter than readings obtained by radiographs; two cases were the same readings and only one case in which the reading by apex locator was more than the reading by radiograph. In conclusion the electronic apex locater (EAL) can be used for estimation of the working length and it is almost as the same as the conventional radiographs but with an important advantage which is the less radiation hazards.
Immunohistochemical localization of intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) & vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in Radicular cyst
Authors: AL-Rawi Dr. Natheer H. , Younis Dr. Wasen H. , Al -Falahi Dr. Aml H.
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Odontogenic cysts are one of the commonest bone destroying lesions of the maxillofacial skeleton, with the inflammatory radicular cyst being the most common jaw cyst.Cell adhesion molecules are known to be essential mediators of white blood cell adhesion & extravasations during inflammatory & immune reaction.Materials & Methods: Twelve formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded radicular cysts were studied using LSAB/HRP immunohistochemical technique.Results: ICAM-1 expression was significantly high in radicular cysts with high expression in inflammatory cells infiltrate & connective tissue cells in cyst wall in comparison to VCAM-1 expression.Conclusion: In conclusion, the identification of the nature of adhesion molecules & inflammatory mediators involved not only expanded our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms but also provided the basis for a new understanding of the inflammatory response & its role in tissue homeostasis.
The mesiodistal Crown Width Measurements and Bolton Analysis in Down's Syndrome with Class I Normal Occlusion. (A Comparative study)
Authors: Abd Awn Dr. Dheaa H. , Ghaib Dr. Nidhal H. , Raiq Dr.Tariq Talal
Published: August 2022

Information concerning tooth size in human population is important for clinician, since it may explore the role of genes and their possible effect on the dental characters, as the tooth size and morphology served as genetic markers.Aims of study: to compare the mesiodistal crown width of patient with Down's syndrome to that of control norms and explore the possible irregularities between the left and right side for both jaws in different sexes and to totaled and computed the Bolton ratios for the different groups.Material and methods: This study was conducted on 58 patients with Down's syndrome aged (13-21) years; the mesiodistal crown dimension was estimated for the upper and lower permanent teeth and compared with those of control group matching the age and the Angle classification (Class 1)Results showed a non significant sexual dimorphism in both arches and showed a similar size order distribution to the control group .but the mean width value of the Down's patient significantly smaller than that of norms with some exceptions, these factors make the Bolton value to increase to a great extent than the original one
The effect of denture cleansers on the color stability, water sorption and water solubility of stained light cured acrylic denture base material
Authors: Al-Khafaji Dr. Aseel Mohammed Al-Hachem
Published: August 2022

The dirty denture may have undesirable effect on patient's health and ability tosuccessful wear of the denture, if a patient's denture becomes unsanitary, theconsequences may be bad breath, poor esthetic, denture stomatitis and angularcheilitis and the using of the denture cleanser is the solution for this problem but theprolong use of such cleansers may affect the properties of the denture. The aim of thestudy is to observe the effect of denture cleansers on color stability, water sorptionand water solubility of the light cured acrylic resin after their immersion in teasolution.Light curing acrylic resin was prepared and immersed in four types of denturecleansers after there staining with tea then color stability, water sorption and watersolubility of acrylic resin was measured.There were no changes in the stained acrylic properties when the samples wereimmersed in prepared denture cleansers and in the alkaline peroxide cleansercompared to that immersed in the distilled water in respect to color stability, sorptionand solubility of the testing groups.The water sorption, water solubility and color stability of the light cured acrylicresin where immersed in the prepared denture cleanser solutions are in accordancewith the American dental association no.12. The denture cleanser are good andsatisfactory cleanser materials for the acrylic resin denture base and it’s recommendedfor cleansing the prostheses which are cured by light curing method.
Occlusal Vertical Dimension and its Correlation with Lingual Frenum
Authors: Abdul – Rahman Dr. Hanan Abdul – Rahman , Abdullah Dr. Zainab Salih
Published: August 2022

This study was used to evaluate the use of lingual frenum as pre – extraction record in determination of occlusal vertical dimension in edentulous patients.The sample consisted of twenty subjects, impression of lower arch, stock trays, stone, surveyor and vernia for measurements.The results of this study indicate that the distance between anterior attachment of lingual frenum and incisal edges of mandibular central incisors may be used as a reliable landmark when the frenum was recorded during function.The lingual frenum of the mandible is used as are liable land mark to determine the occlusal vertical dimension
Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of the Adaptability Of Different Retro filling Materials (In Vitro Study(
Authors: Salman Dr. Raid Fahim , Salih Dr. Shatha Abdullah
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal interfaces betweentooth structure and the retro-filling materials.Sixty teeth were divided into six groups of ten for each. The teeth wereinstrumented to a minimum of size no. 45 k-file, obturated with gutta-percha, resectedperpendicular to their long axes and prepared to receive a retro-filling. The teeth werefilled with amalgam, resin-modified GIC or light-cured composite resin. Each fillingmaterial was either applied with dentin adhesive or without dentin adhesive.Photomicrographs were made & examined by four evaluators.Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the composite resin had bettermarginal adaptation than the amalgam & the glass ionomer cement, but the differencewas non significant (p>0.05). In addition, the non-adhesive groups together had lessmarginal adaptation than the other groups and the difference was significant (p<0.05).Composite resin retro-filling material had better marginal adaptation than othermaterials used and the dentin adhesive may have effect on the quality of theadaptation.
Association of the Morphology of the Atlas Vertebra with the Morphology of the Mandible
Authors: Al-Hashimi Dr. Hadeel Ali Hussein , Al-Azawi Dr. Zina Zuhair
Published: August 2022

Anatomy and growth of the cervical vertebrae attracted attention, since a number of authors proposed developmental association between different variables indicative of cervical vertebral anatomy and dentofacial build. This study aims to verify the morphology of the atlas vertebra and its relationship with the morphology of the mandible. A total of (41) true lateral radiographs (22 females and 19 males) for subjects with an age range of 18-26 years old were selected and subjected to cephalometric analysis.The results show that all the measurements are higher in males than in females except that for the gonial angle and there are a statistically significant differences in mean values of atlas ventral height, ramus length, ramus width and body length among the three groups of atlas a-p length (short, average, long) which increased as the atlas a-p length increased. While among the three groups of atlas dorsal height (low, average, high), there are statistically significant differences in the mean values of gonial angle which decreased as the atlas dorsal arch height increased. It is concluded that there is an association between atlas morphology and mandibular growth.
The visible portion of upper anterior teeth at rest
Authors: Al Obaidy Dr. Reem A.
Published: August 2022

Back ground: Esthetics has become a respectable concept in dentistry. In the past, the importance of esthetics was discounted in favor of concepts such as function, structure and biology. In today's, treatment planning must begin with well defined esthetic objectives. The visibility of upper anterior tooth surface with lip at rest is an important factor in determining prosthodontic outcome. A study was therefore, undertaken to investigate the degree of visibility of maxillary anterior teeth surfaces when the lip at rest.Materials and method: 140 patients were examined. All the subject had maxillary anterior teeth present with no caries, restorations, sever attrition, mobility, or obvious deformities. The portions of upper anterior teeth that were visible were measured vertically using millimeter ruler.Results: females showed more of the maxillary central and lateral incisors than males, while the difference in canine was not significant. With increasing age, the amount of maxillary anterior teeth that was visible at rest decreased. Most subjects with shorter upper lips displayed more maxillary anterior teeth than those with longer upper lips.Conclusion: The degree of visibility of maxillary anterior teeth is determined by muscle position that varies from one person to another. These results provide practical guidelines for vertical positioning of the maxillary teeth.
Efficacy of ProTaper rotary instruments in removing filling materials during root canal retreatment
Authors: Al-Gharrawi Dr. Hikmet A. Sh.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the this study was to investigate the efficacy of ProTaper rotaryinstruments compared to hand instrumentation with Hedstrom files, with and withoutthe use of a solvent (eucalyptol) in the retreatment of gutta-percha filled root canals.Roots of forty extracted single-rooted maxillary anterior teeth with straight root canalswere utilized in this study. The root canals were prepared using step-back techniqueand obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha and sealer cement. The rootsrandomly divided into four groups with ten specimens each. Removal of gutta-perchawas performed using ProTaper and Hedstrom files, both were used with and withoutthe solvent eucalyptol. Both, time taken to reach the working length and time taken tocomplete removal of gutta-percha were recorded. Statistical analysis of the collecteddata revealed a highly significant decrease in the working time when ProTaper wasused to remove gutta-percha compared with Hedstrom files. A highly significantdecrease in the working time was found when eucalyptol was used with ProTaper. Nosignificant difference existed between the treatments using Hedstrom with or withoutthe use of eucalyptol.
A comparative Study in the Antibacterial effect of Eugenol as Hand Wash Material with two Types of Soap
Authors: Abdali Dr. Samara Mwaffaq , Mohammed Dr. Sarmad Mohammed Hussein
Published: August 2022

Hands have consistently been an important vehicle in the transmission of disease (1). Thus, thorough hand-washing remains the single most important factor in preventing infection specially in hospitals and labs.Twenty-nine non-clinical volunteers (do not work or come in contact with a clinical or hospital setting) that lacked visible skin injuries, eczema or apparent skin disease were used, those subjects were all tested by a material of each of the three used in the study weekly and laboratory tests were done pre- and post washing.All three material were effective , Eugenol extract as effective as the bar and lotion soap. And this was confirmed statistically.Eugenol has a great antibacterial action even in small concentration and this may be due to steroids and other constituents that are found in the composition of its volatile oil. High concentrations are more effective and this may give us a new revolution in prevention of bacterial infection.
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint, A Clinical and Radiographical Study
Authors: Haeder Dr.Ahmed Abdulla , Abdulla Dr. Hajer Ibrahem , AL- Barznjy Dr. Niaz Jawad , Ahmed Dr. Shahen Ali
Published: August 2022

To determine the extent of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with a matched control group. And to evaluate the correlation between clinical findings and radiographical findings.The studied sample comprised 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, age ranged from 18 to 72 years with the mean age of 40.98 (± 13.67.The control group consisted of 63 subjects age–matched non rheumatic patients: Each patient was informed about the purpose of the investigation and that it would include questionnaire, clinical and radiographical examinations. The radiographic examination was done by using double TMJ lateral panoramic technique.It was found that 64% of RA patients complained of two or more clinical signs and symptoms compared with 44% of the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05), the most important clinical findings were pain on palpation and on opening and closing, crepitation, limitation of jaw opening and morning stiffness, difference were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Among the clinically involved subjects in study RA group 28 subjects (56%) had bilateral involvement, 3 subjects (6%) had right side involved and 1 subject (2%) had only left side involvement. The radiographic involvement of TMJ was found in 16 subjects (32.0 %) of the study group compared with 1subject (1.6 %) of the control group. There is a highly statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group (P< 0.05); the most common radiographical finding was erosion. Complete condylar destruction was found in 1 patient which resulted in anterior open bite. Among involved cases 11 subjects (22%) had bilateral involvement, 5 subjects (10%) had unilateral involvement (3subjects (6%) had left side involved and, 2 (4 %) subjects had only right side involved. There was no correlation between clinical and radiographic find ings. There was correlation between the extent of radiographical findings and duration of Rheumatoid Arthritis p value (P< 0.05).The clinical and radiographic findings were more common in RA group than in control individual. The clinical and radiographic findings are not always bilateral in TMJs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Key words: TMJ disorders, TMJ
Bacteraemia Following Different Orthodontic Treatment Procedures
Authors: Al-Khatieeb Dr. Mustafa Monim
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this research was to estimate the percentage and nature of bacteraemia following four orthodontic treatment procedures which were: an upper alginate impression, separator placement, band fitting or placement, and arch wire adjustment on a fixed appliance. The study group consisted of 40 patients (25 females and 15 males) ranging from 17-25 years of age attending Orthodontic Department in the College of Dentistry/Baghdad University, and out patients department from private clinic. The 40 patients were divided into four groups (10 patients each). A cannula was inserted into either the left or right antecubital fossa using an aseptic technique. A 5ml of blood was taken immediately before orthodontic treatment procedure and a second 5ml sample was taken 1-2 minutes after the procedure.The blood samples showed a percentage of bacteraemia of 50%, 40%, 30%, and 20% in cases of post-band placement, post-separator placement, post-arch wire adjustment, and post-alginate impression procedures respectively.This investigation demonstrated that the placement of separator and fitting of band procedures could cause a significant bacteraemia, thus these procedures for patients at–risk of bacterial endocarditis should be placed in consideration, and the orthodontist should be advised to consult the patient's medical specialist for controlling and prescribing the necessarily antibiotic coverage.
Reliability of Family History Report among Relatives of Aggressive Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Ali Dr. Alaa omran , Saliem Dr. Saif Sehaam , Algobory Dr. Hala Algobory
Published: August 2022

To assess the periodontal status among relatives of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients and to evaluate the reliability of the family history report as provided by the proband.Fifty AgP patients were identified during 2005/2006 as fulfilling the criteria to be diagnosed as AgP as outlined in the 1999 international classification system for periodontal disease. These subjects met the clinical criteria for either localized or generalized AgP.It was considered that AgP patients should be informed of the genetic nature of their condition and that other blood relatives could be at risk. The results would suggest that the screening of relatives with a positive family history could be justified as a standard procedure, but negative family history reports are unlikely to yield significant numbers of affected relatives and may not be a justifiable use of scarce resources.The report given by the proband was considered reliable. If the report was positive, it was followed by diagnosis of periodontitis in 73% of the cases, while if it was negative, periodontitis was absent in 66% of the cases.
Stabilization Splint (Night Guard, Mouth Guard) Comparative Research
Authors: Zia Dr. Kais George
Published: August 2022

This research compares between the effect of flexible and hard stabilization splint (night guard, mouth guard) in the treatment of patients with tempro-mandibular joint problems.Four different categories of patients are used for comparison, each composed of ten patients. Category number one and two are treated with flexible mouth guard, while category three and four are treated with hard type of mouth guard for the same periods of time, one month and three months respectively. Analysis of the results indicate that patient category treated with soft stabilization splints for longer period of time show improved treatment and the patients are more relived and willing to continue the treatment than those treated with hard splints.
A clinical Assessment of the modified technique for extraction of abuccally carious erupted lower wisdom teeth
Authors: Abdull Dr. Emad H.
Published: August 2022

Benefit of A modified technique of extraction for buccally carious lower wisdom teeth was Assessed in (25) cases In 16 (64%) of cases it was successful and failed In 9 (36%) of the cases the technique gave a good help in avoided the need for a surgical extraction of those teeth, although it require an experience dental handed. Technique need to be studied on a wider group of cases
The clinical and socio - cultural evaluation of the effects of oral contraceptives on periodontal condition
Authors: Abdul Aziz Dr. Maha Abdul Aziz
Published: August 2022

Human gingival tissues serve as a target for progesterone and estrogen, causing an increase in gingival inflammation.Therefore, the use of oral contraceptives (OC) might be considered as a predisposing factor for periodontal disease. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of oral contraceptives on the periodontium and to investigate the relation between socio-cultural status and periodontal condition.Twenty non users women (group 1), 20 OC users for less than 2 years (group 2) and 20 for 2-4 years (group 3) with generally good oral hygiene standards were selected for this study. Plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and teeth loss were measured. Socio cultural data including: age, educational level, professional level, number of children, frequencies of dental visits, tooth brushing and previous periodontal treatment were collected by a questionnaire form.The results of this study showed that the percentages of PPD of score (≥4) mm were significantly increased when group 1 was compared with group 2 and group 3. Similar results were detected by comparing group 1 with group 3 in respect to percentages of BOP. Also a relationship was observed between percentages of extracted teeth of mothers and number of children at each group. On the other hand neither of the socio-cultural variables was found to have a statistically significant effect among the 3 groups nor means of PLI and GI.It's concluded that women on contraceptive pills require regular periodontal care programs may help to maintain healthy gingiva and avoid development of sever periodontal problems.
Size and Morphology of Sella Turcica in Iraqi Adults
Authors: Yassir Dr. Yassir A. , Nahidh Dr. Mohammed Nahidh , Yousif Dr. Hadeel A.
Published: August 2022

To measure the size and describe the morphology of sella turcica on true lateralcephalometric radiographs; and to determine if there is any statistical significantdifference in the size of sella turcica regarding the genders and skeletal classes.The sample included 130 pretreatment digital lateral cephalometric radiographs(67 female and 63 males) with an age range between 17-25 years, collected from theOrthodontic Department in the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Thesample was divided according to ANB angle into 3 skeletal classes. The size of sellaturcica (length, depth, and diameter) was measured and its morphology wasdetermined. Frequency distribution and percentage described the morphology,independent samples t-test was used to test genders difference, while ANOVA testwas performed to show if there is any statistical significant difference in the size ofsella turcica among the skeletal patterns.Males had slightly higher sella turcica measurements than females with a nonsignificantdifference between genders; on the other hand, class III sample had highersella turcica measurements with a non-significant difference among the skeletalclasses. In addition to the normal morphology, six distinct variations of sella turcicawere identified with the highest percentage to the normal morpholgy.All the linear measurements of the sella turcica were within standard range.Neither gender nor skeletal patterns showed significant differences in sella turcicalinear measurements. Normal morphology of the sella turcica was found in themajority of subjects.
Accuracy of measurements made on digital and study models (A comparative study)
Authors: Murad Dr. Sawsan Mohammed , Al-Mulla Prof. Dr. Ausama A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Dental study models are a cornerstone in the armamentarium used byorthodontists to both classify malocclusion and formulate treatment plans. Recenttechnological advances have allowed the generation of digital dental models thatcan be saved, digitized, measured with software tools, viewed threedimensionally,and retrieved with a computer. Prearrangement with CadentCompany of USA performed this service.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of digitalmeasurements made on digital models made by OrthoCAD system and compare itwith manual measurements made on study models by the use of vernier caliper.Methods: Twenty students (8 males and 12 females) with normal Class I occlusionwere selected from 175 students aged 16-25 years with certain criteria. Doubleimpressions for each dental arch were taken to each student with the biteregistration. The impressions were immediately poured with stone and with thecollaboration of Cadent Company (Fairview, NJ, USA), twenty sets of stonemodels were sent with the bite registrations to them for digital processing and theother twenty stone models remain for manual measurements. Such an arrangementis for the first time in collaboration with an American institute. Tooth size, archwidths, arch length, space available, and the space required were done on bothdigital and study models.Results: This study revealed statistically non–significant differences with high strongcorrelation between the two methods of measurements.Conclusions: Digital models are an accurate, efficient, and easy to use alternative tostone models. With the current technology and future applications, digital modelshave potential to advance the practice of orthodontics, with the advantage ofreducing the time necessary for measurements. OrthoCAD could revolutionize theway in which study models are utilized, stored, viewed, and managed