bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Electrical Bioimpedance Characterization of Neointimal Tissue for Stent Applications
Authors: Rivas-Marchena David , Olmo Alberto , Miguel José , Martínez Mar , Huertas Gloria , Yúfera Alberto
Published: July 2017

To follow up the restenosis in arteries stented during an angioplasty is an important current clinical problem. A new approach to monitor the growth of neointimal tissue inside the stent is proposed on the basis of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensors and the oscillation-based test (OBT) circuit technique. A mathematical model was developed to analytically describe the histological composition of the neointima, employing its conductivity and permittivity data. The bioimpedance model was validated against a finite element analysis (FEA) using COMSOL Multiphysics software. A satisfactory correlation between the analytical model and FEA simulation was achieved in most cases, detecting some deviations introduced by the thin “double layer” that separates the neointima and the blood. It is hereby shown how to apply conformal transformations to obtain bioimpedance electrical models for stack-layered tissues over coplanar electrodes. Particularly, this can be applied to characterize the neointima in real-time. This technique is either suitable as a main mechanism for restenosis follow-up or it can be combined with proposed intelligent stents for blood pressure measurements to auto-calibrate the sensibility loss caused by the adherence of the tissue on the micro-electro-mechanical sensors (MEMSs).
Genetic Traits of Relevance to Sustainability of Smallholder Sheep Farming Systems in South Africa
Authors: Molotsi Annelin , Dube Bekezela , Oosting Simon , Marandure Tawanda , Mapiye Cletos , Cloete Schalk , Dzama Kennedy
Published: July 2017

Sustainable livestock production is important to ensure continuous availability of resources for future generations. Most smallholder livestock farming systems in developing countries have been perceived to be environmentally, socially and economically unsustainable. Farming with livestock that is robust and adaptable to harsh environments is important in developing countries especially in semi-arid and arid environments. This review discusses the different sheep farming systems employed by smallholder farmers and associated sustainability problems facing them. The review also gives an overview of sustainability indicators and limitations to the sustainability for the different smallholder sheep production systems in South Africa. It is argued that genetic diversity is important for sustainability and needs to be maintained in sheep for sustainable production and reproduction performance. The application of traditional breeding and genomics to ensure sustainable production is explored. Animal breeding approaches, specifically genomics can be applied to improve areas of environmental sustainability of smallholder sheep farming systems but must be targeted to the specific production environments, challenges, and opportunities of smallholder production. The genetic traits important for sustainability, the role of genomics in improving these traits and linking these genetic traits to different farming systems in South Africa are discussed.
Home Gardenscapes as Sustainable Landscape Management on St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean
Authors: Berkowitz Briana , Medley Kimberly
Published: July 2017

Home gardens are an important topic for landscape research due to their intersectional contributions to plant diversity conservation and local livelihoods. As sites of ecological restoration, gardens transform small-scale landscapes toward higher plant richness and density. We examine “gardenscapes” on St. Eustatius, a small Caribbean island, focusing on how plants growing around a home contribute to ecological and ethnobotanical measures of plant diversity, and how residents value the importance of gardens to their livelihoods. Through a survey of 14 gardenscapes and 11 home interviews, we report 277 plant species, including 31% native and 69% non-native, high plant densities and structural evenness, 260 plants with uses, and a total of 363 uses, especially as ornamental plants (184) and for other environmental services (16), but also food (101), health remedies (50), material uses (10) and symbolic services (2). Participants indicated that home gardening could be difficult due to drought and pests, but provided resources and incomes to livelihoods, especially through the production of food products. Several respondents reported that gardening was a declining activity on St. Eustatius, but this study shows how gardening activities offer a biocultural approach to conservation that supports plant diversity and livelihoods across the island’s highly-modified natural landscape.
Chinese Tourists’ Perceptions of Climate Change and Mitigation Behavior: An Application of Norm Activation Theory
Authors: Qiao Guiqiang , Gao Jun
Published: July 2017

It is well recognized that tourism development is a prominent contributor to climate change, but is also a “victim” of climate change. Therefore, to mitigate climate change is of great importance for the sustainability of tourism. Yet extant studies regarding tourism and climate change tend to be dominated by a supply-side stance, albeit the core role of the tourist in the tourism industry. While researchers are increasingly adopting a tourist perspective, few seek to understand the linkage between climate change and tourists’ specific mitigation behaviors in a tourism context; this is especially so in China. This study investigates the impact of Chinese tourists’ perceptions of climate change on their mitigation behaviors based on norm activation theory. Drawing on 557 self-administrated questionnaires collected in China, it finds that tourists’ perceptions of climate change and perceived contribution of tourism to climate change both positively affect energy saving and carbon reduction behavior in tourism. Yet, compared with perceived contribution of tourism to climate change, tourists’ perceptions of climate change are found to be a much stronger predictor for energy saving and carbon reduction behavior. Therefore, it suggests that tourists’ perceptions of climate change in a general context is more strongly related to climate change mitigation behavior in tourism, calling for attention to go beyond the tourism context to alleviate the negative impacts of tourism on climate change.
On Using Ilities of Non-Functional Properties for Subsystems and Components
Authors: Lee James , Collins George
Published: July 2017

The use of ilities for systems engineering of subsystems and components is investigated. Prior work on ilities has emphasized or restricted their application to system level, non-functional properties. The premise of this work is that ilities can be applied with benefit, and in some cases out of necessity, to lower levels of systems as well. The veracity of this premise is established by providing examples that demonstrate how some ilities are passed and used as a non-functional property of electrical and structural subsystems in aircraft. It is further demonstrated that flowing ilities down to the subsystem level is not only a useful practice for systems engineers, it can also be an essential step to ensure that customer needs are actually met by the system under design or service. Systems engineers often lack the detailed knowledge of the subsystems or components required to translate ilities into functional requirements. Thus, the system ilities are passed down and translated from non-functional to functional requirements by subject matter experts. We first discuss the definition, characteristics and scope of ilities. Then, we formulate the application of ilities at a subsystem level. Next, we show aircraft engineering examples for ilities applications. The application process is formalized with diagrams, and ilities’ relation to system architecture engineering is discussed. The work concludes with a summary and suggestions for future work.
Sensitive Detection of α-Conotoxin GI in Human Plasma Using a Solid-Phase Extraction Column and LC-MS/MS
Authors: Yu Shuo , Yang Bo , Yan Liangping , Dai Qiuyun
Published: July 2017

α-conotoxin GI, a short peptide toxin in the venom of Conus geographus, is composed of 13 amino acids and two disulfide bonds. It is the most toxic component of Conus geographus venom with estimated lethal doses of 0.029–0.038 mg/kg for humans. There is currently no reported analytical method for this toxin. In the present study, a sensitive detection method was developed to quantify GI in human plasma using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column (polystyrene–divinyl benzene copolymer) combined with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The plasma samples were treated with a protein precipitating solvent (methanol: acetonitrile = 50:50, v/v). GI in the solvent was efficiently extracted with an SPE column and was further separated by a Grace Alltima HP C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) column at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Water (with 2% methanol) acetonitrile (with 0.1% acetic acid) was selected as the mobile phase combination used in a linear gradient system. α-Conotoxin GI was analyzed by an API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. In the method validation, the linear calibration curve in the range of 2.0 to 300.0 ng/mL had correlation coefficients (r) above 0.996. The recovery was 57.6–66.8% for GI and the internal standard. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 2 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-batch precisions were below 6.31% and 8.61%, respectively, and the accuracies were all within acceptance. GI was stable in a bench-top autosampler through long-term storage and freeze/thaw cycles. Therefore, this method is specific, sensitive and reliable for quantitative analysis of α-conotoxin GI in human plasma.
Bacterial Toxins for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zahaf Nour-Imene , Schmidt Gudula
Published: July 2017

Several pathogenic bacteria secrete toxins to inhibit the immune system of the infected organism. Frequently, they catalyze a covalent modification of specific proteins. Thereby, they block production and/or secretion of antibodies or cytokines. Moreover, they disable migration of macrophages and disturb the barrier function of epithelia. In most cases, these toxins are extremely effective enzymes with high specificity towards their cellular substrates, which are often central signaling molecules. Moreover, they encompass the capacity to enter mammalian cells and to modify their substrates in the cytosol. A few molecules, at least of some toxins, are sufficient to change the cellular morphology and function of a cell or even kill a cell. Since many of those toxins are well studied concerning molecular mechanisms, cellular receptors, uptake routes, and structures, they are now widely used to analyze or to influence specific signaling pathways of mammalian cells. Here, we review the development of immunotoxins and targeted toxins for the treatment of a disease that is still hard to treat: cancer.
HBV Drug Resistance Substitutions Existed before the Clinical Approval of Nucleos(t)ide Analogues: A Bioinformatic Analysis by GenBank Data Mining
Authors: Xu Xizhan , Xiang Kuanhui , Su Mingze , Li Yao , Ji Wei , Li Yutang , Zhuang Hui , Li Tong
Published: July 2017

Naturally occurring nucleos(t)ide analogue resistance (NUCr) substitution frequencies in the reverse transcriptase (RT) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) were studied extensively after the clinical approval of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs; year of approval 1998). We aimed to study NUCr substitutions in HBV RT sequences obtained before 1998 and better understand the evolution of RT sequences without NUC pressures. Our strategy was to retrieve HBV sequences from GenBank deposited before 1998. The initial search used the keywords “hepatitis B virus” or “HBV” and 1139 sequences were found. Data analyses included information extraction: sequence quality control and amino acid substitution analysis on 8 primary NUCr and 3 secondary substitution codons. Three hundred and ninety-four RT-containing sequences of 8 genotypes from 25 countries in 4 continents were selected. Twenty-seven (6.9%) sequences were found to harbor substitutions at NUCr-related codons. Secondary substitutions (rtL80V and rtV173G/A/L) occurred more frequently than primary NUCr substitutions (rtI169L; rtA181G; T184A/S; rtS202T/R; rtM204L and rtM250K). Typical amino acid substitutions associated with NUCr were of rtL80V, rtV173L and rtT184A/S. We confirm the presence of naturally occurring typical HBV NUCr substitutions with very low frequencies, and secondary substitutions are more likely to occur than primary NUCr substitutions without the selective pressure of NUCs.
Chronique de droit privé de l’environnement, civil et commercial (2009-2011)
Authors: Camproux-Duffrène Marie-Pierre , Muller-Curzydlo Alexia
Published: July 2017

The years 2009 to 2011 are marked by several elements in civil environmental law : the adaptation of the waste directive and its effects on the French positive law, an evolution of the judiciary jurisprudence on the cleaning up of the soil by the Classified Installations for the Protection of the Environment law (the ICPE law), two decisions which expressly establish the precautionary principle like a civil source of responsibility in event of failure and of the judgement of the first civil court relating to the imputability of the responsibility which could have applications in event of diffuse pollution. As for the commercial law it was very marked by the " Grenelle " of the environment, the financial markets also knew evolutions following the adoption of directives constituting the " package climate-energy " and finally the question of the reparation of a contamined site is currents issues.
Identity and the Ba'th Regime's Campaign against Kurdish Rebels in Northern Iraq
Authors: Voller Yaniv
Published: July 2017

Throughout its existence, the Iraqi Ba'thist regime engaged in a war against Kurdish insurgents. Declassified Ba'th Party documents reveal that beyond military means, Baghdad saw identity as a useful resource in suppressing the uprising. The documents tell of a sophisticated divide-and-rule
strategy, using bureaucracy, law, and militia recruitment to manipulate the various minority communities in northern Iraq against the rebels and each other. Drawing on these documents, this article provides a detailed analysis of this strategy.
Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Marszalek Tomasz , Gazicki-Lipman Maciej , Ulanski Jacek
Published: July 2017

An emerging new technology, organic electronics, is approaching the stage of large-scale industrial application. This is due to a remarkable progress in synthesis of a variety of organic semiconductors, allowing one to design and to fabricate, so far on a laboratory scale, different organic electronic devices of satisfactory performance. However, a complete technology requires upgrading of fabrication procedures of all elements of electronic devices and circuits, which not only comprise active layers, but also electrodes, dielectrics, insulators, substrates and protecting/encapsulating coatings. In this review, poly(chloro-para-xylylene) known as Parylene C, which appears to become a versatile supporting material especially suitable for applications in flexible organic electronics, is presented. A synthesis and basic properties of Parylene C are described, followed by several examples of use of parylenes as substrates, dielectrics, insulators, or protecting materials in the construction of organic field-effect transistors.
Simultaneous Mass Determination for Gravitationally Coupled Asteroids
Authors: Baer James , Chesley Steven R.
Published: July 2017

The conventional least-squares asteroid mass determination algorithm allows us to solve for the mass of a large subject asteroid that is perturbing the trajectory of a smaller test asteroid. However, this algorithm is necessarily a first approximation, ignoring the possibility that the subject asteroid may itself be perturbed by the test asteroid, or that the encounter’s precise geometry may be entangled with encounters involving other asteroids. After reviewing the conventional algorithm, we use it to calculate the masses of 30 main-belt asteroids. Compared to our previous results, we find new mass estimates for eight asteroids (11 Parthenope, 27 Euterpe, 51 Neimausa, 76 Freia, 121 Hermione, 324 Bamberga, 476 Hedwig, and 532 Herculina) and significantly more precise estimates for six others (2 Pallas, 3 Juno, 4 Vesta, 9 Metis, 16 Psyche, and 88 Thisbe). However, we also find that the conventional algorithm yields questionable results in several gravitationally coupled cases. To address such cases, we describe a new algorithm that allows the epoch state vectors of the subject asteroids to be included as solve-for parameters, allowing for the simultaneous solution of the masses and epoch state vectors of multiple subject and test asteroids. We then apply this algorithm to the same 30 main-belt asteroids and conclude that mass determinations resulting from current and future high-precision astrometric sources (such as Gaia) should conduct a thorough search for possible gravitational couplings and account for their effects.
Extra-galactic Distances with Massive Stars: The Role of Stellar Variability in the Case of M33
Authors: Lee 李 Chien-Hsiu 見修
Published: July 2017

In modern cosmology, determining the Hubble constant (H0) using a distance ladder to percent level and comparing with the results from the Planck satellite can shed light on the nature of dark energy, physics of the neutrino, and curvature of the universe. Thanks to the endeavor of the SH0ES team, the uncertainty of the H0 has be dramatically reduced, from 10% to 2.4%, and with the promise of even reaching 1% in the near future. In this regard, it is fundamentally important to investigate the systematics. This is best done using other good independent distance indicators. One promising method is the flux-weighted gravity luminosity relation (FGLR) of the blue supergiants (BSGs). As BSGs are the brightest objects in galaxies, they can probe distances up to 10 Mpc with negligible blending effects. While the FGLR method delivered distance is in good agreement with other distance indicators, it has been shown that this method delivers greater distances in the cases of M33 and NGC 55. Here, we investigate whether the M33 distance estimate of FGLR suffers systematics from stellar variability. Using CFHT M33 monitoring data, we found that 9 out of 22 BSGs showed variability during the course of 500 days, although with amplitudes as small as 0.05 mag. This suggests that stellar variability plays a negligible role in the FGLR distance determination.
Partitioning the Outburst Energy of a Low Eddington Accretion Rate AGN at the Center of an Elliptical Galaxy: The Recent 12 Myr History of the Supermassive Black Hole in M87
Authors: Forman W. , Churazov E. , Jones C. , Heinz S. , Kraft R. , Vikhlinin A.
Published: July 2017

M87, the active galaxy at the center of the Virgo cluster, is ideal for studying the interaction of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a hot, gas-rich environment. A deep Chandra observation of M87 exhibits an approximately circular shock front (13 kpc radius, in projection) driven by the expansion of the central cavity (filled by the SMBH with relativistic radio-emitting plasma) with projected radius  ∼1.9 kpc. We combine constraints from X-ray and radio observations of M87 with a shock model to derive the properties of the outburst that created the 13 kpc shock. Principal constraints for the model are (1) the measured Mach number (M ∼ 1.2), (2) the radius of the 13 kpc shock, and (3) the observed size of the central cavity/bubble (the radio-bright cocoon) that serves as the piston to drive the shock. We find that an outburst of ∼5 × 1057 erg that began about 12 Myr ago and lasted ∼2 Myr matches all the constraints. In this model, ∼22% of the energy is carried by the shock as it expands. The remaining ∼80% of the outburst energy is available to heat the core gas. More than half the total outburst energy initially goes into the enthalpy of the central bubble, the radio cocoon. As the buoyant bubble rises, much of its energy is transferred to the ambient thermal gas. For an outburst repetition rate of about 12 Myr (the age of the outburst), 80% of the outburst energy is sufficient to balance the radiative cooling.
Discovery of Extended Main-sequence Turnoffs in Four Young Massive Clusters in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Li Chengyuan , de Grijs Richard , Deng Licai , Milone Antonino P.
Published: July 2017

An increasing number of young massive clusters (YMCs) in the Magellanic Clouds have been found to exhibit bimodal or extended main sequences (MSs) in their color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). These features are usually interpreted in terms of a coeval stellar population with different stellar rotational rates, where the blue and red MS stars are populated by non- (or slowly) and rapidly rotating stellar populations, respectively. However, some studies have shown that an age spread of several million years is required to reproduce the observed wide turnoff regions in some YMCs. Here we present the ultraviolet–visual CMDs of four Large and Small Magellanic Cloud YMCs, NGC 330, NGC 1805, NGC 1818, and NGC 2164, based on high-precision Hubble Space Telescope photometry. We show that they all exhibit extended main-sequence turnoffs (MSTOs). The importance of age spreads and stellar rotation in reproducing the observations is investigated. The observed extended MSTOs cannot be explained by stellar rotation alone. Adopting an age spread of 35–50 Myr can alleviate this difficulty. We conclude that stars in these clusters are characterized by ranges in both their ages and rotation properties, but the origin of the age spread in these clusters remains unknown.
Aspirin-Induced Gastric Lesions Alters EGFR and PECAM-1 Immunoreactivity in Wistar Rats: Modulatory Action of Flavonoid Fraction of Musa Paradisiaca
Authors: Alese Margaret Olutayo , Adewole Stephen Olarinde , Akinwunmi Kemi Feyisayo , Omonisi Abidemi Emmanuel , Alese Oluwole Ojo
Published: July 2017

AIM: In this study, Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor and Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 were localised to investigate the healing effects of a flavonoid-rich fraction of M. paradisiaca fruit in the gastric corpus of Wistar rats following aspirin-induced gastric lesion.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mature, unripe fruits of M. paradisiaca were peeled; air dried, pulverised, extracted with 70% methanol, concentrated and partitioned. Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 15 rats each. The gastric lesion was induced in groups B, C, D, E and F rats by administration of 400 mg/kg aspirin in distilled water. Group A received distilled water. After 24 hours, flavonoid fraction of M. paradisiaca was administered to groups C, D and E at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively for 21 days. Group F rats received omeprazole at 1.8 mg/kg for 21 days. Five rats from each group were anaesthetized with ketamine on days 14, 21 and 28. Gastric tissues were excised and fixed in Neutral buffered formalin. This was followed by paraffin wax embedding method and sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin and for immunolocalisation of EGFR and PECAM-1. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the ulcer index in the corpus of control and treated rats throughout the experimental period (p = 0.0001). H&E stained sections showed a gradual restoration of the epithelial lining in the treated groups. Immunohistochemical examination showed that M. paradisiaca significantly increased (p < 0.05) reactivity for both EGFR and CD31 across the treatment groups.CONCLUSION: The efficacy of Musa paradisiaca in attenuating the damaging effects of aspirin on the gastric mucosa was observed as there was a significantly increased reactivity for EGFR and PECAM-1 in the gastric corpus in a dose-dependent manner.
PROFILES OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF DIFFERENT COLLAGENS AND DERIVATIVES OVER TIME
Authors: Iltchenco Sidiane , Kempka Aniela Pinto , Prestes Rosa Cristina
Published: July 2017

The interest in collagen use in the food industry to replace synthetic agents is growing every day. Among the derivatives, has the hydrolysate, which dissolves easily in water and brine, and can be incorporated into foods or drinks. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of crude collagen fiber, powdered collagen fiber, gelatin and two samples of hydrolyzed collagen. The substrates were subjected to individual action of three proteolytic enzymes: papain, bromelain and collagenase (microbial origin). The substrates were incubated in sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0) on an orbital shaker at 55°C for different periods of time. In 120 minutes of hydrolysis, the crude collagen fiber showed 37.2% of DH using collagenase, the highest value compared to other substrates. The lowest values for DH were obtained for the hydrolysates collagen, with less than 1% of DH. For hydrolysis in 60 minutes, the DH values were similar to those obtained in 120 minutes of hydrolysis, with minor variations over time. The hydrolytic ability of the collagenase and bromelain was similar and superior compared with the papain.
AVALIAÇÃO FISICO-QUÍMICA E SENSORIAL DE NÉCTAR DE AMORA OBTIDO A PARTIR DE PRENSA, DESPOLPADEIRA, LIQUIDIFICADOR INDUSTRIAL E EXTRATOR A VAPOR
Authors: Zambrano Francy , Pimenta Suzana Magda , Venturini Filho Waldemar Gastoni
Published: July 2017

Por falta de conhecimento dos produtores sobre formas de processamento da amora (Morus nigra L.), perde-se grande parte da produção. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar néctares de amora, utilizando prensa, despolpadora, liquidificador industrial e extrator a vapor para extração dos sólidos solúveis da fruta, comparar as características físico-químicas e avaliar a aceitabilidade das bebidas. As bebidas foram analisadas físico-quimicamente para os seguintes parâmetros: teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, turbidez e cor. O Ratio foi calculado pela razão sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável. A análise sensorial foi realizada por meio de teste de aceitabilidade (escala hedônica). A análise estatística dos resultados das análises físico-químicas foi feita através do cálculo da média e do desvio padrão. Os resultados da análise sensorial foram analisados através de análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os néctares apresentaram em média 12,3ºBrix, 0,57% de acidez titulável; o pH variou de 2,89 a 4,02; a turbidez variou de 82 a 3308 NTU. As análises físico-químicas indicaram que todos os equipamentos permitiram obter néctares com características muito similares, exceto turbidez e cor. Nos néctares obtidos utilizando prensa, despolpadeira e liquidificador industrial, a proporção amora:água influenciou a aceitabilidade da aparência. No néctar advindo do extrator a vapor, a proporção amora:água ocasionou variação na aceitabilidade do sabor e da avaliação geral. A aceitabilidade dos néctares de amora variou entre 62,11 a 86,22%. Concluiu-se que os néctares de amora tal como processados no presente trabalho apresentam potencial para o consumo.
Antiprincesas e anti-heróis: a literatura infanto-juvenil e a desconstrução de estereótipos
Authors: Eleutério Rosangela Fernandes
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma nova coleção da literatura infanto-juvenil intitulada “Coleção Antiprincesas e Anti-heróis”. Apresentando personalidades históricas, exemplos de pessoas corajosas que foram além dos estereótipos feminino/masculino e criaram sua arte. Os livros incentivam jovens leitores a olhar o mundo sob novas perspectivas, saltar obstáculos e conhecer celebridades literárias e da música que deixaram obras que estão além do nosso tempo. Descontrói a ideologia de papéis de gênero, explicando para crianças que meninas não precisam ser frágeis e delicadas, tampouco os meninos fortes e “durões”, reconhecendo que as culturas e sociedades são dinâmicas e mudam. As obras foram lançadas pela editora argentina Chirimbote em 2016. Inicialmente lançadas em espanhol, agora estão sendo traduzidas para o português e lançadas no Brasil pela distribuidora Sur. Com essa nova possibilidade de leitura entre crianças e jovens, pode-se fazer reflexões sobre gênero, cultura e sociedade. Como exemplo, neste trabalho será refletido particularmente sobre a literatura infantil de Clarice Lispector, que se tornou referência como uma das mais famosas “antiprincesas” do Brasil.
Fala sério, Thalita: é a literatura de massa uma estratégia eficiente para a formação do leitor literário?
Authors: Sant'Anna Jaime Dos Reis
Published: July 2017

O objetivo desse trabalho é discutir se a literatura de massa (LM), em especial os best-sellers seriados como os seis títulos de Fala sério!, de Thalita Rebouças, é uma estratégia eficiente para a formação de leitores literários no Ensino Básico. A preocupação se justifica devido ao uso crescente da LM por professores de língua materna, sobretudo quando apoiados por estudos acadêmicos com os quais buscam legitimar suas práticas docentes. Depois de fundamentar a discussão acerca do conceito de literatura de massa (Eco; Adorno; Benjamin) e sua relação com a formação de leitores literários (PCN; OCEM; DCE-PR), a abordagem do tema é proponente: os professores de LP precisam conhecer a LM, mas não devem toma-la como ponte para formar leitores na sala de aula; os professores devem pensar a LM como ponte para conhecer a mundividência de seus alunos, a fim de estreitar o diálogo e estabelecer a mediação necessários à formação de leitores literários críticos.
Morphological and genetic diversity in Callithrix hybrids in an anthropogenic area in southeastern Brazil (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae)
Authors: Cezar Adrielle M. , Pessoa Leila M. , Bonvicino Cibele R.
Published: July 2017

Two species ofCallithrix,C. jacchus(Linnaeus, 1758) andC. penicillata(É. Geoffroy, 1812), are considered invasive in Rio de Janeiro. This study determined the genetic and morphological diversity and verified the species involved in the hybridization of 10 individuals from the municipalities of Silva Jardim (N = 9) and Rio das Ostras (N = 1). We compared the external morphology and skull ofC. jacchus(N = 15) andC. penicillata(N = 14) specimens deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MN- UFRJ). Phylogenetic (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) and phylogeographical analyses (network analysis) were performed based on cytochrome b sequences. These analyses included hybrids from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (N = 3),C. penicillata(N = 2),C. jacchus(N = 2),C. geoffroyi(N = 2),C. kuhlii(N = 2),C. aurita(N = 1), and as outgroups,Mico emiliae(N = 1) andSaguinus mystax(N = 1). The pelage and skull characters of most hybrids were more closely related toC. jacchus. Skull morphometric analysis revealed an intermediate state for the hybrids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a high similarity between the hybrids andC. penicillata. Six haplotypes of hybrids were identified. Network analysis including them andC. penicillatarecovered the topology generated by phylogenetic analysis. The results corroborate thatC. jacchusandC. penicillataparticipate in the hybridization process. There was no geographic structure between hybrids from the coastal lowlands and from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro.
Governance of Small and Medium Sized Firms Manufacturing in Germany: Transformation of the Machine Tool industry in the 20 th century
Authors: Herrigel Gary
Published: July 2017

Cet article traite de l’évolution d’un modèle collectif de gouvernement d’entreprise dans le secteur de la machine outil au XXe siècle en Allemagne. Cette industrie est traditionnellement caractérisée par l’importance de ces PME, très spécialisées, fabricant en petites séries, presque dans un travail à façon. L’article décrit alors les formes décentralisées de coordination qui ont été mises en place afin de stabiliser la structure de l’industrie et fortifier sa stratégie de spécialisation. Plus récemment, cette industrie a renforcé sa décentralisation grâce à des structures holding qui ont permis de répartir le risque de l’activité tout en concentrant les capacités d’expertise.
La démocratie associative, une affaire de base et de sommet
Authors: Brizais Reynald
Published: July 2017

Cet article vise à expliquer la fonction d’interface qui apparaît consubstantielle des fonctions de président et de directeur telles qu’elles sont mises en œuvre dans les associations gestionnaires du secteur social et médicosocial qui assurent des missions que l’État leur confie. On entend par interface un dispositif qui permet à deux univers a priori non communicants de pouvoir le devenir. Ici il est question de la différence entre association et établissement, politique et technique, bénévole et salarié… Et au final de ce que démocratie veut dire.
Communiquer pour mobiliser, un « art » du manager au service de l’efficience de la coopération
Authors: Mathieu-Blondel Andréa
Published: July 2017

L’efficience de la coopération, pour les institutions, résulte bien plus de la mobilisation de l’ensemble des acteurs que de la somme des volontés individuelles ou des affinités. En considérant que la coopération se caractérise par des jeux d’acteurs et par un entrelacs complexe de relations sociales empreint de stratégies et de luttes pour l’autonomie, l’art du manager s’appréciera à l’aune de la production de sens, de collectif et de praticable. Expliquer, orienter, rassurer et fédérer seront ses habiletés. Il utilisera et combinera pour y parvenir un accessoire : la communication.
Au prix du sens, voire des valeurs
Authors: Dansac Christophe
Published: July 2017

Cette contribution se base sur une définition du managérialisme en tant qu’idéologie qui prête au management la capacité à traiter tous les problèmes avec les mêmes méthodes, en plaçant au cœur des solutions l’évaluation. Elle explore certaines de ses conséquences dans les politiques publiques comme au sein des associations, en reliant la taille de celles-ci à leur rationalisation organisationnelle. Elle pointe certains effets de ces facteurs sur le rapport à l’organisation de trois catégories de ressources humaines du monde associatif : les salariés, les bénévoles et les volontaires.
Le lecteur et le citoyen
Authors: Mas Marion
Published: July 2017

Dans les nouveaux programmes de l’école, la littérature est présentée, de manière insistante, comme un espace où se mettent en scène des valeurs à « identifier » et à « discuter » (2016). En ce sens, elle est intimement liée au programme d’Éducation morale et civique (EMC). Est-ce à dire que la valeur à accorder à la littérature tiendrait essentiellement aux valeurs qu’elle véhicule ou met en jeu ? Sans doute non. Mais les rapports établis entre valeurs et littérature méritent d’être clarifiés. L’objet de l’étude est justement d’observer comment s’articulent valeurs « portées par » la littérature et valeur « de » la littérature, afin de préciser à quelles conditions la littérature pourrait constituer un espace spécifique de formation éthique.
Entre les plans d’émergence sans vision et des visions sans émergence : la difficile appropriation par l’Afrique de ses trajectoires de développement
Authors: Nubukpo Kako , Samuel Boris
Published: July 2017

Dans cet entretien, Kako Nubukpo livre un regard de chercheur et de praticien sur la place des plans dans les sociétés africaines contemporaines. Élaborées hors du continent, les ingénieries du développement sont hors-sol, et les statistiques employées pour orienter les politiques publiques opaques et souvent indisponibles. Les discours sur l’« émergence africaine » servent d’alibi à des régimes qui formulent des programmes irréalistes. Pourtant, à l’heure où de nombreux pays africains disposent de plans quinquennaux, l’élaboration des plans peut ouvrir des espaces dans lesquels les demandes adressées aux États par divers groupes sociaux trouvent à s’exprimer. La planification peut permettre d’élaborer des politiques alternatives. Néanmoins, elle peut aussi être un outil pour des régimes dont la tentation est d’opter pour un développement sans démocratie.
Strabismus After Ocular Surgery
Authors: Sobol Ethan K. , Rosenberg Jamie B.
Published: July 2017

Many types of ocular surgery can cause diplopia, including eyelid, conjunctival, cataract, refractive, glaucoma, retinal, and orbital surgery. Mechanisms include direct injury to the extraocular muscles from surgery or anesthesia, scarring of the muscle complex and/or conjunctiva, alteration of the muscle pulley system, mass effects from implants, and muscle displacement. Diplopia can also result from a loss of fusion secondary to long-standing poor vision in one eye or from a decompensation of preexisting strabismus that was not recognized preoperatively. Treatment, which typically begins with prisms and is followed by surgery when necessary, can be challenging. In this review, the incidence, mechanisms, and treatments involved in diplopia after various ocular surgeries are discussed.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(5):272–281.]
Evaluation of bituminous sub-ballast manufactured at low temperatures as an alternative for the construction of more sustainable railway structures
Authors: Pirozzolo L. , Sol-Sánchez M. , Moreno-Navarro F. , Martínez-Montes G. , Rubio-Gámez M. C.
Published: July 2017

Hot bituminous mixtures are becoming widely used in modern railway tracks in the sub-ballast layer. The reason is that these materials allow for both an increase in bearing capacity and greater protection of the substructure respect the traditional granular sub-ballast. Despite these advantages, the fact that these materials are manufactured at a temperature of 160°C means that their application can lead to an important increase in construction costs, pollution and energy consumption. This paper aims to study the possibility of using WMA manufactured at lower temperatures, as bituminous sub-ballast, in order to save energy and reduce emissions throughout the production process, as well as diminish the global costs of this layer. To this end, this study focuses on a comparison of the mechanical behaviour of warm and hot bituminous mixtures as sub-ballast under various loading conditions. The results indicate that WMA offers mechanical behaviour that is comparable to conventional HMA.
Evaluación del comportamiento mecánico de capas bituminosas ultra delgadas como una adecuada estrategia para la rehabilitación de pavimentos urbanos
Authors: Sol-Sánchez M. , García-Travé G. , Ayar P. , Moreno-Navarro F. , Rubio-Gámez M. C.
Published: July 2017

Las capas bituminosas ultra delgadas para rehabilitación superficial de carreteras son una alternativa a las tradicionales capas asfálticas, riegos bituminosos y micro-aglomerados. No obstante, aún son numerosos los aspectos a estudiar para la generalización de su uso, particularmente en zonas urbanas con elevado tráfico. Así, este artículo recoge un análisis comparativo del comportamiento mecánico, durabilidad y factores de seguridad (evaluando parámetros como cohesividad, adhevisvidad, envejecimiento, fisuración, deformaciones, permeabilidad, macrotextura, y resistencia al deslizamiento, al desgaste y a los combustibles) entre una capa delgada de 20 mm de espesor, y una mezcla discontinua de altas prestaciones (BBTM-11B con 35 mm), comúnmente utilizada en capas de rodadura. Los resultados indican que puede ser una adecuada solución para pavimentos urbanos dada su durabilidad y resistencia a la propagación de fallos. No obstante, se requieren futuros estudios centrados en la mejora de parámetros de seguridad y de su resistencia a las deformaciones permanentes.
sIgM–FcμR Interactions Regulate Early B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Development after Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Nguyen Trang T. T. , Graf Beth A. , Randall Troy D. , Baumgarth Nicole
Published: July 2017

Previous studies with mice lacking secreted IgM (sIgM) due to a deletion of the μs splice region (μs−/−) had shown sIgM involvement in normal B cell development and in support of maximal Ag-specific IgG responses. Because of the changes to B cell development, it remains unclear to which extent and how sIgM directly affects B cell responses. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of sIgM-mediated IgG response regulation during influenza virus infection. Generating mice with normally developed μs-deficient B cells, we demonstrate that sIgM supports IgG responses by enhancing early Ag-specific B cell expansion, not by altering B cell development. Lack of FcμR expression on B cells, but not lack of Fcα/μR expression or complement activation, reduced antiviral IgG responses to the same extent as observed in μs−/− mice. B cell–specific Fcmr−/− mice lacked robust clonal expansion of influenza hemagglutinin-specific B cells early after infection and developed fewer spleen and bone marrow IgG plasma cells and memory B cells, compared with controls. However, germinal center responses appeared unaffected. Provision of sIgM rescued plasma cell development from μs−/− but not Fcmr−/− B cells, as demonstrated with mixed bone marrow chimeric mice. Taken together, the data suggest that sIgM interacts with FcμR on B cells to support early B cell activation and the development of long-lived humoral immunity.
Identification, classification, and distribution of retrogressive creeping slumps, Lac de Gras region, Northwest Territories
Authors: McWade T L , Morse P D , Gruber S , Wolfe S A
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this Open File is to identify and map a locally common yet unclassified set of landforms first observed during summer 2015 fieldwork in continuous permafrost of the Lac de Gras region of Northwest Territories. Quantitative and qualitative data
extracted from 152 landforms using aerial photographs and LiDAR data were used to describe and quantify the general form. The landforms exhibit a continuous depression situated several meters behind and parallel to a steep, curvilinear hillslopes, beneath which is a gentle footslope. The hillslopes
appear to incise the margins of till blanket deposits, and the footslopes are covered with boulders. According to morphological characteristics, the mapped landforms were divided into three classes, interpreted as early, late, and final stages of an apparent time-transgressive landform evolution.
Based on extracted morphological characteristics and field observations the landforms have been tentatively termed retrogressive creeping slumps.
A Moving-Least-Square Immersed Boundary Method for Rigid and Deformable Boundaries in Viscous Flow
Authors: Le Duc-Vinh , Khoo Boo-Cheong
Published: July 2017

We present a moving-least-square immersed boundary method for solving viscous incompressible flow involving deformable and rigid boundaries on a uniform Cartesian grid. For rigid boundaries, noslip conditions at the rigid interfaces are enforced using the immersed-boundary direct-forcing method. We propose a reconstruction approach that utilizes moving least squares (MLS) method to reconstruct the velocity at the forcing points in the vicinity of the rigid boundaries. For deformable boundaries, MLS method is employed to construct the interpolation and distribution operators for the immersed boundary points in the vicinity of the rigid boundaries instead of using discrete delta functions. The MLS approach allows us to avoid distributing the Lagrangian forces into the solid domains as well as to avoid using the velocity of points inside the solid domains to compute the velocity of the deformable boundaries. The present numerical technique has been validated by several examples including a Poiseuille flow in a tube, deformations of elastic capsules in shear flow and dynamics of red-blood cell in microfluidic devices.
Grupo Poéticas Digitais: Dialogo y Medio Ambiente
Authors: Prado Gilbertto
Published: July 2017

El Grupo Poéticas Digitais fue creado el 2002 en el Departamento de Artes Plásticas de ECA-USP con la intención de generar un núcleo multidisciplinario, promoviendo el desarrollo de proyectos experimentales y la reflexión sobre el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en el campo de las artes. El Grupo es un despliegue del proyecto wAwRwT iniciado en 1995 y tiene como participantes profesores, artistas, investigadores y estudiantes. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar algunas experiencias recientes desarrollados por Gilbertto Prado y el grupo Poéticas Digitais relacionados con el tema de las fuerzas visibles e invisibles y cómo dialogar con la construcción del contexto en el que el público es parte de un gran sistema colaborativo relacionado con el medio ambiente. Los proyectos discutidos son: "Ø25 - Cuarto Lago" (2013) y "Caja de los Horizontes Posibles" (2014).
Stress Corrosion Cracking Growth of Alloy 800NG in Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water
Authors: Arioka Koji , Staehle Roger W. , Tapping Robert L. , Yamada Takuyo , Miyamoto Tomoki
Published: July 2017

The primary purpose of this research is to examine the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of Alloy 800NG in pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water and pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) primary water. Rates of SCC growth of 20% cold-worked (CW) Alloy 800NG measured over the temperature range between 270°C and 360°C were compared with previously reported results for 20% CW Alloy TT690 and 20% CW Alloy 600 in order to consider which material is the most SCC resistant among materials presently being used for steam generator (SG) tubing worldwide. The secondary purpose is to examine the effect of chromium addition on SCC growth in PWR primary water of a series of alloys based on the Alloy 800 composition. SCC growth measurements were performed in PWR primary water over the chromium concentration range from 16% to 27% to obtain fundamental knowledge useful for considering a future alternative SCC-resistant material for SG tubing in extended life PWRs and PHWRs. The third objective is to examine the rate of cavity formation of 20% CW Alloy 800NG to obtain basic knowledge of one possible mechanism for SCC initiation after long-term operation. Measured rates of cavity formation in 20% CW Alloy 800NG were compared with previously reported results of 20% CW Alloy TT690 to compare the rate of SCC initiation caused by cavity formation. Four important patterns were observed. First, excellent SCC growth resistance was observed for 20% CW Alloy 800NG compared to 20% CW Alloy TT690 at 320°C, 340°C, and 360°C. Second, an inverse temperature dependence on SCC growth was observed in Alloy 800NG. The rate of SCC growth increased with decreasing temperature which was completely different from the trend for Alloy 600. Third, a significant beneficial effect by chromium addition in 800 series alloys on SCC growth resistance was observed in PWR primary water in the operating temperature range of PWRs and PHWRs. The rate of SCC growth decreased with increasing chromium concentration in the chromium concentration range between 16% and 27% chromium at 270°C, 290°C, and 320°C. However, no beneficial effect of chromium addition in these alloys was observed at 340°C and 360°C. Finally, a more than 10 times slower rate of cavity formation was observed in 20% CW Alloy 800NG than for 20% CW Alloy TT690. Results suggested that because of cavity formation, a more than 10-fold faster crack initiation occurred in Alloy TT690 than in Alloy 800NG. Further, carbide coverage and grain size significantly affected the rate of cavity formation. Detailed and comprehensive studies of long-term SCC initiation are necessary to ensure the future reliability of life-extended PWRs and PHWRs.