bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the orbital angular momentum of a vortex beam under extremely low coherence
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Liu Zhenzhen , Liu Xin , Gbur Greg , Liang Chunhao , Cai Yangjian , Zeng Jun
Published: January 2023

Due to carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), vortex beams are also known as OAM beams. Coherence, as another controllable parameter of the beam, and its joint control with the vortex phase greatly promote the applications of the vortex beam such as particle manipulation and anti-atmospheric turbulence. However, the OAM information, quantified by the topological charge (TC), hidden in the second-order electric field statistical function of a partially coherent vortex beam is not easily extracted experimentally. In addition, the existing TC measurement schemes for the partially coherent vortex beams are limited to the detection of the near focal plane. The above-mentioned difficulties and limitations undoubtedly limit the application of vortex beams. Here, we achieve OAM measurement of a partially coherent Laguerre Gaussian (PCLG) beam under different coherence conditions, especially at extremely low coherence, by coupling the cross phase. The cross phase can separate the original concentric dark rings in the degree of coherence function of a PCLG beam. The number of separated dark rings is equal to the magnitude of the TC which determines the OAM carried by each photon in the vortex beam. The sign of TC is determined by the arrangement direction of separated dark rings, which determines the direction of rotation of the spiral wavefront of the vortex beam. In addition, we verify the accuracy of our method experimentally, especially under the condition of extremely low coherence and during propagation. Our results can find application in OAM-based free space optical communication and information encryption.
Vortex structure and small scale characteristics in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with mixed isothermal–adiabatic bottom boundary
Authors: Wang Zhengdao , Cui Xinghang , Wei Yikun , Yang Hui , Qian Yuehong
Published: January 2023

Turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with a mixed isothermal–adiabatic bottom boundary is simulated to investigate the effect of a nonideal thermal boundary on vortex structure and small-scale characteristics in turbulent convection. Simulations of convection with element aspect ratios of the mixed isothermal–adiabatic boundary cell ranging from 116 to 14 are performed at fixed Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. Within the parameters adopted in this paper, the large-scale circulation under the mixed boundary condition is found to be consistent with that under the classical isothermal condition. However, the shape characteristics and distribution of plumes are strongly affected by the presence of a mixed isothermal–adiabatic boundary. Compared with the isothermal system, the mixed boundary breaks up the corner vortex structures and reduces the vortex intensity at the corners. Some complex vortex structures, such as a horseshoe vortex, appear in the case of a mixed isothermal–adiabatic thermal boundary. The vortices in side and face regions are governed by an enhancement rule that is related to the ratio of the element width to the typical plume size. The structure functions of scales above the element scale are greatly affected by the presence of a mixed boundary. The temperature structure function exhibits discrete characteristics, especially in the near-bottom region. However, the velocity structure function of the velocity retains continuous characteristics in all regions. The small-scale characteristics observed here help provide better understanding of the effect of a discrete boundary on buoyancy-driven turbulent convection.
Self-generated electrostatic forces of drops rebounding from hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Díaz Diego , Li Xiaomei , Bista Pravash , Zhou Xiaoteng , Darvish Fahimeh , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Kappl Michael
Published: January 2023

We study the charge separation of drops rebounding from hydrophobic surfaces. Based on high-speed video imaging and the deflection of drops by electric fields, we reproducibly detected the amount of charge. Here, we show that the charge separation of bouncing drops can be 2 orders of magnitude higher on hydrophobic than superhydrophobic surfaces. We observed the existence of self-generated electrostatic forces between the drop and the surface. These forces affect the maximum rebounding height and slow down the retraction motion of drops. We additionally calculated the electrostatic forces using an energy conservation approach. Our results indicate that electrostatic forces on hydrophobic surfaces can be even stronger than gravity, reducing the restitution coefficients up to 50%. This new approach becomes advantageous compared with other methods that require more complicated setups for drop charge detection.
Near infrared photoluminescence of the bottom-up produced 7-armchair graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Fedotov Pavel V. , Obraztsova Elena D.
Published: January 2023

The narrow graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are carbon based nanomaterials with interesting optical and electronic properties. We studied the photoluminescence properties of narrow graphene nanoribbons synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition method based on the bottom-up approach. The structure and quality of the synthesized GNR films were confirmed by measuring the Raman fingerprints of the 7-armchair graphene nanoribbons. The produced 7-armchair GNRs have a wide optical bandgap with an excitonic photoluminescence peak maximum at 608 nm (2.04 eV). At the same time, the 7-armchair GNR suspension has a bright photoluminescence in the infrared spectrum range with a peak maximum at 910 nm (1.36 eV). The relative intensity of this peak increases upon adding the p-type dopant to the GNR solution. The energy 1.36 eV of this luminescent transition is in good agreement with the theoretically predicted energy of the lowest bright trion state in the freestanding 7-armchair graphene nanoribbons. The demonstrated results can be beneficial for further study of narrow GNRs, especially in optics, and can be useful in applications of GNRs.
Optical angular transparency and broadband absorption based on photonic topological transition in black phosphorus/aluminum oxide hyperbolic metamaterial
Authors: He Yuran , Xu Kunyuan , Wu Yiping , Zhang Ruihong , Liu Guangfan , Li Jun
Published: January 2023

Based on the photonic topological transition (PTT), the transmission properties of a black phosphorus/aluminum oxide multilayered hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) are theoretically investigated in the mid-infrared region. The results demonstrate that an angular transparency window appears near the transition point of PTT, which is achieved by tailoring the topology of the HMM’s equi-frequency surface. The angular full width at half maximum of the transparency window is 2.34°, and the transmittance is higher than 99.8% at normal incidence. In addition, the operating wavelength can be flexibly tuned by adjusting the concentration of electrons. Besides, a layered cascade structure with a wide operating wavelength (1 µm) and an enhanced angular selectivity performance is proposed, which resolves the shortcoming of a single working wavelength. In addition, the spectral-selective behavior of absorption is also explained based on the PTT. These attractive properties make the black phosphorus-based HMM hold promise for potential applications in angularly selective systems and energy harvesting.
On the Fresnel factor correction of sum-frequency generation spectra of interfacial water
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Chiang Kuo-Yang , Yu Chun-Chieh , Bonn Mischa , Nagata Yuki
Published: January 2023

Insights into the microscopic structure of aqueous interfaces are essential for understanding the chemical and physical processes on the water surface, including chemical synthesis, atmospheric chemistry, and events in biomolecular systems. These aqueous interfaces have been probed by heterodyne-detected sum-frequency generation (HD-SFG) spectroscopy. To obtain the molecular response from the measured HD-SFG spectra, one needs to correct the measured ssp spectra for local electromagnetic field effects at the interface due to a spatially varying dielectric function. This so-called Fresnel factor correction can change the inferred response substantially, and different ways of performing this correction lead to different conclusions about the interfacial water response. Here, we compare the simulated and experimental spectra at the air/water interface. We use three previously developed models to compare the experiment with theory: an advanced approach taking into account the detailed inhomogeneous interfacial dielectric profile and the Lorentz and slab models to approximate the interfacial dielectric function. Using the advanced model, we obtain an excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment, in both spectral shape and amplitude. Remarkably, we find that for the Fresnel factor correction of the ssp spectra, the Lorentz model for the interfacial dielectric function is equally accurate in the hydrogen (H)-bonded region of the response, while the slab model underestimates this response significantly. The Lorentz model, thus, provides a straightforward method to obtain the molecular response from the measured spectra of aqueous interfaces in the H-bonded region.
Effect of hydrogen concentration distribution on flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in staggered obstacle-laden channel
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Wang Jiabao , Gao Longkun , Pan Jianfeng , Zhu Yuejin
Published: January 2023

A staggered arrangement of solid obstacles promotes flame acceleration (FA) and the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in a homogeneous concentration field. Many combustible premixed gases, however, are inhomogeneous. The present numerical study explores the effects of different hydrogen–air distributions on the FA and DDT processes in a staggered obstacle-laden channel. The results show that, in the early stage of flame evolution, the flame accelerates faster when there are no obstructions on the side of the channel with the high hydrogen concentration. Under the suction effect of the aperture formed between an obstacle and the wall, the flame experiences multiple periods of velocity augmentation during its evolution. In terms of detonation initiation, the process can be classified as either detonation induced by the interaction between the flame surface and the reflected shock wave from the wall/obstacle, or detonation induced by the collision between the leading shock wave and the reflected shock wave from the obstacle. As the detonation wave propagates, regions with a hydrogen content of less than 12.7 vol. % cause a decoupling of the detonation wave. The morphology of the detonation wave (length, angle, and height) is related to the specific distribution of the hydrogen concentration. From the overall FA and DDT processes, a more homogeneous hydrogen concentration distribution leads to faster flame state variations and a faster triggering of the detonation.
Mist-CVD-derived Hf0.55Zr0.45O2 ferroelectric thin films post-annealed by rapid thermal annealing
Authors: Tanaka Sho , Fujiwara Yuki , Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Masahiro , Noda Minoru
Published: January 2023

We have newly applied Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) for the post-annealing of mist chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD)-derived Hf1−xZrxO2 (HZO) thin films. A ferroelectric polarization-electric field (P–E) curve was confirmed typically with noticeable polarization reversal currents. These ferroelectric properties of the HZO thin films provided quantitative estimation for Pr and Ec of ∼20 µC/cm2 and 1–1.5 MV/cm, respectively, compared to those reported from other growth methods, such as atomic-layer-deposition (ALD). It was revealed that the background leakage should be further reduced in a mist-CVD HZO film compared to those by ALD recently reported. The origin of the leakage was strongly related to the oxygen vacancy (Vo) generated in the film and near the HZO/bottom electrode interface. Nonetheless, it was found effective to use atmospheric pressure in air or oxygen in the post-RTA process for reducing leakage. In general, endurance behaviors for the mist-CVD HZO film revealed similar to those for samples prepared by other methods for both “wake-up” and “fatigue” phenomena, showing that the mist-CVD HZO film endured up to 2 × 109 counts. Finally, we expect that the mist-CVD HZO thin film would become a candidate for fabricating large-scale integration-oriented ferroelectric devices due to the intrinsic merits of the method.
The role of charge relaxation in electrified tip streaming
Authors: Rubio M. , Rodríguez-Díaz P. , López-Herrera J. M. , Herrada M. A. , Gañán-Calvo A. M. , Montanero J. M.
Published: January 2023

We study experimentally and numerically the onset of tip streaming in an electrified droplet. The experiments show that, for a sufficiently small dimensionless conductivity, the droplet apex oscillates before ejecting a liquid jet. This effect is caused by the limited charge transfer from the bulk to the interface. This reduces the electrostatic pressure at the droplet's stretching tip, preventing liquid ejection. This reduction of the electrostatic pressure is compensated for by the electric shear stress arising during apex oscillations, which eventually leads to the jet formation. The stability limit calculated from the global stability analysis perfectly agrees with experimental results. However, this analysis predicts non-oscillatory, non-localized instability in all the cases, suggesting that both the oscillatory behavior and the small local scale characterizing tip streaming arise during the nonlinear droplet deformation.
Controlling feral ruminants to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of buffalo in northern Australia
Authors: Davies Hugh F. , Murphy Brett P. , Duvert Clément , Neave Georgina
Published: January 2023

Context The bourgeoning carbon economy is creating novel ways to incentivise conservation management activities that have the co-benefits of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and social inequality. Aim To estimate the monetary value of carbon credits that landowners could generate by reducing ecologically destructive feral populations of the Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in northern Australia. Methods First, we estimated buffalo enteric emissions based on the population structure of feral buffalo in northern Australia, and discounted the reduction of fire emissions due to the consumption of grassy fuel by feral buffalo. We then predicted the change in buffalo population size across the South Alligator River region of Kakadu National Park under four buffalo management scenarios: (1) no buffalo control; (2) low-intensity buffalo control; (3) moderate-intensity buffalo control; and (4) high-intensity buffalo control. We quantified the reduction of GHG emissions under the three buffalo control scenarios, relative to the scenario of no buffalo control, while discounting the GHG emissions that directly result from buffalo control actions (e.g. helicopter emissions). Key results All three buffalo control scenarios substantially reduced the estimated GHG emissions that would otherwise have been produced. The low-intensity buffalo control scenario was predicted to abate 790 513 t CO2-e over the 20-year simulation, worth USD15 076 085 (or USD753 804 year−1). Our high-intensity buffalo control scenario had the greatest reduction in GHG emissions, with a total net abatement of 913 231 t CO2-e, worth USD17 176 437 (or USD858 822 year−1). Conclusions The potential value of carbon credits generated by controlling feral buffalo populations in northern Australian savannas far exceeds the management costs. Implications The management of feral ruminants could be incentivised by the generation of carbon credits. Such management could simultaneously avoid GHG emissions, generate income for landowners and offer significant ecological benefits.
Oligomer-to-monomer transition underlies the chaperone function of AAGAB in AP1/AP2 assembly
Authors: Tian Yuan , Datta Ishara , Yang Rui , Wan Chun , Wang Bing , Crisman Lauren , He Huan , Brautigam Chad A. , Li Suzhao , Shen Jingshi , Yin Qian
Published: January 2023

Assembly of protein complexes is facilitated by assembly chaperones. Alpha and gamma adaptin-binding protein (AAGAB) is a chaperone governing the assembly of the heterotetrameric adaptor complexes 1 and 2 (AP1 and AP2) involved in clathrin-mediated membrane trafficking. Here, we found that before AP1/2 binding, AAGAB exists as a homodimer. AAGAB dimerization is mediated by its C-terminal domain (CTD), which is critical for AAGAB stability and is missing in mutant proteins found in patients with the skin disease punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 1 (PPKP1). We solved the crystal structure of the dimerization-mediating CTD, revealing an antiparallel dimer of bent helices. Interestingly, AAGAB uses the same CTD to recognize and stabilize the γ subunit in the AP1 complex and the α subunit in the AP2 complex, forming binary complexes containing only one copy of AAGAB. These findings demonstrate a dual role of CTD in stabilizing resting AAGAB and binding to substrates, providing a molecular explanation for disease-causing
AAGAB
mutations. The oligomerization state transition mechanism may also underlie the functions of other assembly chaperones.
Water dissociation at the water–rutile TiO
2
(110) interface from ab initio-based deep neural network simulations
Authors: Wen Bo , Calegari Andrade Marcos F. , Liu Li-Min , Selloni Annabella
Published: January 2023

The interaction of water with TiO
2
surfaces is of crucial importance in various scientific fields and applications, from photocatalysis for hydrogen production and the photooxidation of organic pollutants to self-cleaning surfaces and bio-medical devices. In particular, the equilibrium fraction of water dissociation at the TiO
2
–water interface has a critical role in the surface chemistry of TiO
2
, but is difficult to determine both experimentally and computationally. Among TiO
2
surfaces, rutile TiO
2
(110) is of special interest as the most abundant surface of TiO
2
’s stable rutile phase. While surface-science studies have provided detailed information on the interaction of rutile TiO
2
(110) with gas-phase water, much less is known about the TiO
2
(110)–water interface, which is more relevant to many applications. In this work, we characterize the structure of the aqueous TiO
2
(110) interface using nanosecond timescale molecular dynamics simulations with ab initio-based deep neural network potentials that accurately describe water/TiO
2
(110) interactions over a wide range of water coverages. Simulations on TiO
2
(110) slab models of increasing thickness provide insight into the dynamic equilibrium between molecular and dissociated adsorbed water at the interface and allow us to obtain a reliable estimate of the equilibrium fraction of water dissociation. We find a dissociation fraction of 22 ± 6% with an associated average hydroxyl lifetime of 7.6 ± 1.8 ns
.
These quantities are both much larger than corresponding estimates for the aqueous anatase TiO
2
(101) interface, consistent with the higher water photooxidation activity that is observed for rutile relative to anatase.
Structural basis for regulation of SOS response in bacteria
Authors: Gao Bo , Liang Liang , Su Lu , Wen Aijia , Zhou Chun , Feng Yu
Published: January 2023

In response to DNA damage, bacterial RecA protein forms filaments with the assistance of DinI protein. The RecA filaments stimulate the autocleavage of LexA, the repressor of more than 50 SOS genes, and activate the SOS response. During the late phase of SOS response, the RecA filaments stimulate the autocleavage of UmuD and λ repressor CI, leading to mutagenic repair and lytic cycle, respectively. Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of
Escherichia coli
RecA filaments in complex with DinI, LexA, UmuD, and λCI by helical reconstruction. The structures reveal that LexA and UmuD dimers bind in the filament groove and cleave in an intramolecular and an intermolecular manner, respectively, while λCI binds deeply in the filament groove as a monomer. Despite their distinct folds and oligomeric states, all RecA filament binders recognize the same conserved protein features in the filament groove. The SOS response in bacteria can lead to mutagenesis and antimicrobial resistance, and our study paves the way for rational drug design targeting the bacterial SOS response.
Neutron shielding assessment of a 16O hadron therapy room by means of Monte Carlo simulations with the PHITS code
Authors: Ounoughi Nabil , Boukhellout Abdelmalek , Kharfi Faycal
Published: January 2023

Hadron radiation therapy is of great interest worldwide. Heavy-ion beams provide ideal therapeutic conditions for deep-seated local tumours. At the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT, Germany), protons and carbon ions are already integrated into the clinical routine, while 16O ions are still used for research only. To ensure the protection of the technical staff and members of the public, it is required to estimate the neutron dose distribution for optimal working conditions and at different locations. The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) is used in this work to evaluate the dose rate distribution of secondary neutrons in a treatment room at HIT where 16O ions are used: an equivalent target in soft tissue is considered in the shielding assessment to simulate the interaction of the beam with patients. The angular dependence of neutron fluences and energy spectra around the considered phantom were calculated. Alongside the spatial distribution of the neutron and photon fluence, a map of the effective dose rate was estimated using the ICRP fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients, exploiting the PHITS code’s built-in capabilities. The capability of the actual shielding design of the studied HIT treatment room was approved.
Well-posedness and dynamics of solutions to the generalized KdV with low power nonlinearity
Authors: Friedman Isaac , Riaño Oscar , Roudenko Svetlana , Son Diana , Yang Kai
Published: January 2023

We consider two types of the generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation, where the nonlinearity is given with or without absolute values, and, in particular, including the low powers of nonlinearity, an example of which is the Schamel equation. We first prove the local well-posedness of both equations in a weighted subspace of H
1 that includes functions with polynomial decay, extending the result of Linares et al (2019 Commun. Contemp. Math.
21 1850056) to fractional weights. We then investigate solutions numerically, confirming the well-posedness and extending it to a wider class of functions that includes exponential decay. We include a comparison of solutions to both types of equations, in particular, we investigate soliton resolution for the positive and negative data with different decay rates. Finally, we study the interaction of various solitary waves in both models, showing the formation of solitons, dispersive radiation and even breathers, all of which are easier to track in nonlinearities with lower power.
Variational principles for topological pressures on subsets
Authors: Zhong Xing-Fu , Chen Zhi-Jing
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we investigate the relations between various types of topological pressures and different versions of measure-theoretical pressures. We extend Feng–Huang’s variational principle for packing entropy to packing pressure and obtain two new variational principles for Pesin–Pitskel and packing pressures respectively. We show that various types of Katok pressures for an ergodic measure with respect to a potential function are equal to the sum of measure-theoretic entropy of this measure and the integral of the potential function. Moreover, we obtain Billingsley type theorem for packing pressure, which indicates that packing pressure can be determined by measure-theoretic upper local pressure of measures, and a variational principle for packing pressure of the set of generic points for any invariant ergodic Borel probability measure.
Entangling remote qubits using the single-photon protocol: an in-depth theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Hermans S L N , Pompili M , Santos Martins L Dos , R-P Montblanch A , Beukers H K C , Baier S , Borregaard J , Hanson R
Published: January 2023

The generation of entanglement between remote matter qubits has developed into a key capability for fundamental investigations as well as for emerging quantum technologies. In the single-photon, protocol entanglement is heralded by generation of qubit-photon entangled states and subsequent detection of a single photon behind a beam splitter. In this work we perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of this protocol and its various sources of infidelity. We develop an extensive theoretical model and subsequently tailor it to our experimental setting, based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Experimentally, we verify the model by generating remote states for varying phase and amplitudes of the initial qubit superposition states and varying optical phase difference of the photons arriving at the beam splitter. We show that a static frequency offset between the optical transitions of the qubits leads to an entangled state phase that depends on the photon detection time. We find that the implementation of a Charge-Resonance check on the nitrogen-vacancy center yields transform-limited linewidths. Moreover, we measure the probability of double optical excitation, a significant source of infidelity, as a function of the power of the excitation pulse. Finally, we find that imperfect optical excitation can lead to a detection-arm-dependent entangled state fidelity and rate. The conclusion presented here are not specific to the nitrogen-vacancy centers used to carry out the experiments, and are therefore readily applicable to other qubit platforms.
The Raychaudhuri equation in inhomogeneous FLRW space-time: A f(R)-gravity model
Authors: Chakraborty Madhukrishna , Bose Akash , Chakraborty Subenoy
Published: January 2023

In general description of the Raychaudhuri equation it is found that this first order non-linear differential equation can be written as a second order linear differential equation in the form of Harmonic Oscillator with varying frequency. Further, the integrability of the Raychaudhuri equation has been studied and also the expansion scalar is obtained in an explicit form. Subsequently, f(R) gravity theory has been studied in the background of inhomogeneous FLRW spacetime with an aim to formulate the Raychaudhuri equation. A congruence of time-like geodesics has been investigated using the Raychaudhuri equation to examine whether the geodesics converge or not and some possible conditions are determined to avoid singularity. Finally, a brief quantum description has been presented.
Tunable optical multistability and absorption in a hybrid optomechanical system assisted by an auxiliary cavity and quantum dot molecules
Authors: Yadav Surabhi , Bhattacherjee Aranya B
Published: January 2023

Coherent and tunable light-matter interaction in cavity quantum electrodynamics (C-QED) has attracted much attention for its fundamental importance and applications in emerging areas of quantum technologies. In this work, we propose a hybrid C-QED system comprising embedded quantum dot molecules (QDMs) in a primary photonic crystal (PhC) optomechanical cavity, which is further coupled to an auxiliary PhC cavity via a single-mode waveguide. We investigate the effect of the QDMs, mechanical oscillator, and the feedback from the auxiliary cavity on the multistability response shown by the mean intracavity photons in the primary optomechanical cavity. Tuning the various system parameters can control optical multistability. We further study the absorption spectra showing distinct characteristics of negative absorption (transparency dip), which strongly depend on mechanical resonator frequency. Thus, the proposed model is valuable for practically realizing efficient all-optical switching devices at low power and in various other quantum sensing devices.
Simulation study of reconfigurable surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor employing bismuth telluride and MXene nanomaterial for cancer cell detection
Authors: Singh Sachin , Sharma Anuj K. , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi D. K. , Kumar Vipin , Singh Pravin Kumar
Published: January 2023

In this study, a highly angular sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor has been designed for cancer cell detection. The proposed surface plasmon resonance biosensor structure is based on Kretschmann configuration, which works on an angular interrogation technique. The proposed SPR biosensor has enormous possibility to detect the various kind of cancer cells. The refractive index alteration of different cancerous (skin, cervical and blood) cells is 1.360–1.390. The proposed SPR biosensor is stacked with multilayers having CaF2 prism, silver metal, bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) layers. The performance parameters like angular sensitivity, quality factor, detection accuracy, and electric field intensity distribution have been optimized in this article. Here, various kind of cancer cells (skin, cervical and blood) have been also analyzed and corresponding angular sensitives are 252.20, 305.70 and 319.46 deg R−1IU−1 respectively. The proposed SPR biosensor shows best results for blood cancer cell detection. Some other important performance parameters like detection accuracy, quality factor, and electric field intensity distribution have also been calculated for proposed SPR biosensor device. The simulation results have been performed by MATLAB 2019a software. The proposed SPR biosensor design may open a new way for the medical industry.
Low-temperature ferromagnetism in tensile-strained LaCoO2.5 thin film
Authors: Fan Yang-Yang , Wang Jing , Hu Feng-Xia , Li Bao-He , Geng Ai-Cong , Yin Zhuo , Zhang Cheng , Zhou Hou-Bo , Wang Meng-Qin , Yu Zi-Bing , Shen Bao-Gen
Published: January 2023

The origin of ferromagnetism in epitaxial strained LaCoO3−x
films has long been controversial. Here, we investigated the magnetic behavior of a series of oxygen vacancy-ordered LaCoO3−x
films on different substrates. Obvious ferromagnetism was observed in perovskite LaCoO3/LSAT (LSAT = (LaAlO3)0.3(SrAlTaO6)0.7) and LaCoO3/SrTiO3 films, while LaCoO3/LaAlO3 films showed weak ferromagnetic behavior. Meanwhile, LaCoO2.67 films exhibited antiferromagnetic behavior. An unexpected low-temperature ferromagnetic phenomenon with a Curie temperature of ∼ 83 K and a saturation magnetization of ∼ 1.2 μ
B/Co was discovered in 15 nm thick LaCoO2.5/LSAT thin films, which is probably related to the change in the interface CoO6 octahedron rotation pattern. Meanwhile, the observed ferromagnetism gradually disappeared as the thickness of the film increased, indicating a relaxation of tensile strain. Analysis suggests that the rotation and rhombohedral distortion of the CoO6 octahedron weakened the crystal field splitting and promoted the generation of the ordered high-spin state of Co2+. Thus the super-exchange effect between Co2+ (high spin state), Co2+ (low spin state) and Co2+(high spin state) produced a low-temperature ferromagnetic behavior. However, compressive-strained LaCoO2.5 film on a LaAlO3 substrate showed normal anti-ferromagnetic behavior. These results demonstrate that both oxygen vacancies and tensile strain are correlated with the emergent magnetic properties in epitaxial LaCoO3−x
films and provide a new perspective to regulate the magnetic properties of transition oxide thin films.
Corrigendum: Calibrating spectrometers for measurements of the spectral irradiance caused by solar radiation (2020 Metrologia
57
065027)
Authors: Schinke Carsten , Pollex Hendrik , Hinken David , Wolf Martin , Bothe Karsten , Kröger Ingo , Nevas Saulius , Winter Stefan
Published: January 2023

We correct an error in equation (60) of the original publication.
Modulation effect of non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation in an ADHD rat model
Authors: Wang Mengran , Wang Teng , Ji Hui , Yan Jiaqing , Wang Xingran , Zhang Xiangjian , Li Xin , Yuan Yi
Published: January 2023

Objective.Previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) with noninvasive high penetration and high spatial resolution has an effective neuromodulatory effect on neurological diseases. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder that severely affects child health. However, the neuromodulatory effects of TUS on ADHD have not been reported to date. This study aimed to investigate the neuromodulatory effects of TUS on ADHD.Approach.TUS was performed in ADHD model rats for two consecutive weeks, and the behavioral improvement of ADHD, neural activity of ADHD from neurons and neural oscillation levels, and the plasma membrane dopamine transporter and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of ADHD rats were evaluated.Main results.TUS can improve cognitive behavior in ADHD rats, and TUS altered neuronal firing patterns and modulated the relative power and sample entropy of local field potentials in the ADHD rats. In addition, TUS can also enhance BDNF expression in the brain tissues.Significance. TUS has an effective neuromodulatory effect on ADHD and thus has the potential to clinically improve cognitive dysfunction in ADHD.
Dielectric parameter measurement technique for resin impregnated paper insulation
Authors: Sur U.
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes an efficient low cost mechanism to accurately measure the dielectric
dissipation factor and its allied effect over resin impregnated paper. The measuring circuit is a
modified De Sauty bridge network where the accurate parameter measurement can been performed. The
effect of stray capacitance over dielectric loss and dissipation factor has been nullified by the
application of operational amplifier in the circuit. Different samples of resin impregnated paper
have been tested based on their aging and moisture content to check the reliability of the
proposed measuring technique. Experimental result shows the efficacy of the proposed method when
compared to existing IEC and ASTM standard procedures and commercial measuring
devices. Measurement error analysis with repeatability and uncertainty calculation shows promising
result and is within the acceptable limits.
Decellularization of precision-cut kidney slices—application of physical and chemical methods
Authors: Salti Haitham , Kramer Lea , Nelz Sophie-Charlotte , Lorenz Mathias , Breitrück Anne , Hofrichter Jacqueline , Frank Marcus , Schulz Karoline , Mitzner Steffen , Wasserkort Reinhold
Published: January 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained by decellularization provides scaffolds with the natural complex architecture and biochemical composition of the target organ. Whole kidney decellularization by perfusion uses the vasculature to remove cells leaving a scaffold that can be recellularized with patient-specific cells. However, decellularization and recellularization are highly complex processes that require intensive optimization of various parameters. In pursuit of this, a huge number of animals must be sacrificed. Therefore, we used precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a source of natural scaffolds, which were decellularized by immersion in chemical reagents allowing the examination of more parameters with less animals. However, chemical reagents have a damaging effect on the structure and components of the ECM. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of physical treatment methods on the effectiveness of PCKS decellularization by immersion in chemical reagents (CHEM). PCKS were treated physically before or during immersion in chemicals (CHEM) with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), freezing–thawing cycles (FTC) or in an ultrasonic bath system (UBS). Biochemical and DNA quantification as well as structural evaluation with conventional histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Compared to decellularization by CHEM alone, FTC treatment prior to CHEM was the most effective in reducing DNA while also preserving glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Moreover, while UBS resulted in a comparable reduction of DNA, it was the least effective in retaining GAGs. In contrast, despite the pretreatment with HHP with pressures up to 200 MPa, it was the least effective in DNA removal. Histological scoring showed that HHP scaffolds received the best score followed by UBS, FTC and CHEM scaffolds. However further analysis with SEM demonstrated a higher deterioration of the ultrastructure in UBS scaffolds. Altogether, pretreatment with FTC prior to CHEM resulted in a better balance between DNA removal and structural preservation.
Boundary conditions for the quantum Hall effect
Authors: Angelone Giuliano , Asorey Manuel , Facchi Paolo , Lonigro Davide , Martinez Yisely
Published: January 2023

We formulate a self-consistent model of the integer quantum Hall effect on an infinite strip, using boundary conditions to investigate the influence of finite-size effects on the Hall conductivity. By exploiting the translation symmetry along the strip, we determine both the general spectral properties of the system for a large class of boundary conditions respecting such symmetry, and the full spectrum for (fibered) Robin boundary conditions. In particular, we find that the latter introduce a new kind of states with no classical analogues, and add a finer structure to the quantization pattern of the Hall conductivity. Moreover, our model also predicts the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect at high values of the applied electric field.
Fundamental trade-off between the speed of light and the Fano factor of photon current in three-level lambda systems
Authors: Singh Davinder , Jang Seogjoo J , Hyeon Changbong
Published: January 2023

Electromagnetically induced slow-light medium is a promising system for quantum memory devices, but controlling its noise level remains a major challenge to overcome. This work considers the simplest model for such medium, comprised of three-level Λ-systems interacting with bosonic bath, and provides a new fundamental trade-off relation in light–matter interaction between the group velocity of light and the Fano factor of photon current due to radiative transitions. Considering the steady state limits of a newly derived Lindblad-type equation, we find that the Fano factor of the photon current maximizes to 3 at the minimal group velocity of light, which holds true universally regardless of detailed values of parameters characterizing the medium.
Anisotropic Rashba coupling to polar modes in KTaO3
Authors: Venditti Giulia , Temperini Maria Eleonora , Barone Paolo , Lorenzana Jose , Gastiasoro Maria N
Published: January 2023

Motivated by the discovery of superconductivity in KTaO3-based heterostructures, we study a pairing mechanism based on spin-orbit assisted coupling between the conduction electrons and the ferroelectric (FE) modes present in the material. We use ab initio frozen-phonon computations to show a linear-in-momentum Rashba-like coupling with a strong angular dependence in momentum for the lower

j
=
3

/

2

manifold, deviating from the conventional isotropic Rashba model. This implies the Rashba-like interaction with the polar modes has substantial L = 3 cubic harmonic corrections, which we quantify for each electronic band. The strong anisotropy of the Rashba interaction is captured by a microscopic toy model for the

t

2
g

electrons. We find its origin to be the angular dependence in electronic momentum imposed by the kinetic term on the degenerate

j
=
3

/

2

manifold. A comparison between the toy model and ab initio results indicates that additional symmetry allowed terms beyond odd-parity spin-conserving inter-orbital hopping processes are needed to describe the Rashba-like polar interaction between the electrons and the soft FE mode.
Learning the dynamics of particle-based systems with Lagrangian graph neural networks
Authors: Bhattoo Ravinder , Ranu Sayan , Krishnan N M Anoop
Published: January 2023

Physical systems are commonly represented as a combination of particles, the individual dynamics of which govern the system dynamics. However, traditional approaches require the knowledge of several abstract quantities such as the energy or force to infer the dynamics of these particles. Here, we present a framework, namely, Lagrangian graph neural network (LGnn), that provides a strong inductive bias to learn the Lagrangian of a particle-based system directly from the trajectory. We test our approach on challenging systems with constraints and drag—LGnn outperforms baselines such as feed-forward Lagrangian neural network (Lnn) with improved performance. We also show the zero-shot generalizability of the system by simulating systems two orders of magnitude larger than the trained one and also hybrid systems that are unseen by the model, a unique feature. The graph architecture of LGnn significantly simplifies the learning in comparison to Lnn with ∼25 times better performance on ∼20 times smaller amounts of data. Finally, we show the interpretability of LGnn, which directly provides physical insights on drag and constraint forces learned by the model. LGnn can thus provide a fillip toward understanding the dynamics of physical systems purely from observable quantities.
The first and second widths of the real projective space
Authors: Batista Márcio , de Lima Anderson
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we deal with the first and second widths of the real projective space

R
P

n

\mathbb {RP}^{n}

, for

n
n

ranging from

4
4

to

7
7

, and for this we used some tools from the Almgren-Pitts min-max theory. In a recent paper, Ramirez-Luna computed the first width of the real projective spaces, and, at the same time, we obtained optimal sweepouts realizing the first and second widths of those spaces.
Almost all sets of nonnegative integers and their small perturbations are not sumsets
Authors: Leonetti Paolo
Published: January 2023

Fix

α
∈
(
0
,
1

/

3
)

\alpha \in (0,1/3)

. We show that, from a topological point of view, almost all sets

A
⊆

N

A\subseteq \mathbb {N}

have the property that, if

A
′

=
A

A^\prime =A

for all but

o
(

n

α

)

o(n^{\alpha })

elements, then

A
′

A^\prime

is not a nontrivial sumset

B
+
C

B+C

. In particular, almost all

A
A

are totally irreducible. In addition, we prove that the measure analogue holds with

α
=
1

\alpha =1

.
Simultaneous conjugation of commuting foliation preserving torus maps
Authors: He Xiaolong
Published: January 2023

We prove the simultaneous conjugation of commuting foliation preserving torus maps by the KAM method. We also explore the relationship between the conjugation theory and the existence and analyticity of solutions for differential equations with time-varying delays.
Centrally symmetric analytic plane domains are spectrally determined in this class
Authors: Hezari Hamid , Zelditch Steve
Published: January 2023

We prove that, under some generic non-degeneracy assumptions, real analytic centrally symmetric plane domains are determined by their Dirichlet (resp. Neumann) spectra. We prove that the conditions are open-dense for real analytic strictly convex domains. One step is to use a Maslov index calculation to show that the second derivative of the defining function of a centrally symmetric domain at the endpoints of a bouncing ball orbit is a spectral invariant. This is also true for up-down symmetric domains, removing an assumption from the proof in that case.
In vivo imaging reveals independent intraflagellar transport of the nexin–dynein regulatory complex subunits DRC2 and DRC4
Authors: Saravanan Sahana , Trischler Douglas , Bower Raqual , Porter Mary , Lechtreck Karl
Published: January 2023

The core nexin–dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) proteins DRC2 and DRC4 enter flagella independently of each other by IFT. This indicates that the N-DRC assembles in a stepwise process by the addition of subunits to the axoneme rather than by delivery of a preassembled precursor complex.
Video Education About Genetic Privacy and Patient Perspectives About Sharing Prenatal Genetic Data: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Parobek Christian M. , Thorsen Margaret M. , Has Phinnara , Lorenzi Paula , Clark Melissa A. , Russo Melissa L. , Lewkowitz Adam K.
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;227:87.e1–87.e14)

Although historically prenatal genetic screening has relied on ultrasound and maternal serum analyses, recent years have seen a 15% annualized growth rate of the fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) test since its introduction in 2011. Despite the high accuracy of these screens, sensitive information within their results regarding current and future health for both the pregnant patient and the fetus renders the leftover samples as valuable for research and development.
Comparison of the Multiple Mini-Interview and the Traditional Interview in Medical School Admissions: Lessons Learned Using a Hybrid Model at One Institution
Authors: Abrams Madeline , Olvet Doreen M. , Ellenbogen Lisa , Bird Jeffrey B. , Fazio Christopher , Caprioglio Lauren , Ginzburg Samara , Smith Lawrence , Woldenberg Rona
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Medical school admissions interviews are a critical form of assessment; however, the most effective interview strategy is debated. This study compares the traditional interview (TI) and multiple mini-interview (MMI) within a hybrid TI-MMI model at one medical school to determine whether the interview approaches reveal different information about applicants and whether a hybrid model results in a more diversified applicant pool.

Method

Admissions data from 3 application cycles at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell were used. The TI was used in 2017–2018 and the hybrid TI-MMI model in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Applicants were scored on a 5-point scale and referred to a voting committee for acceptance consideration if interview scores met threshold criteria. Changes in the number of students referred to the committee using the TI vs the TI-MMI score criteria were analyzed.

Results

In 2017–2018 (TI only), 683 applicants were interviewed; in 2018–2019 (TI-MMI), 844 applicants were interviewed; and in 2019–2020 (TI-MMI), 805 applicants were interviewed. Medium correlations were found between total MMI and TI scores in 2018–2019 (ρ = 0.37, P < .001) and 2019–2020 (ρ = 0.33, P < .001). No differences were found in TI scores between 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 (P = .30), but TI scores were significantly lower in 2019–2020 vs 2017–2018 (P < .001) and 2018–2019 (P = .002). Overall, a 10% to 18% increase was found in the number of applicants referred to the voting committee when using hybrid criteria, with a 19% to 27% increase in underrepresented in medicine applicants.

Conclusions

The TI-MMI model may allow for a more holistic interview approach and an expanded pool of applicants, particularly underrepresented in medicine applicants, considered for acceptance.