bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional assessment of patient condition and mutational analysis in peripheral blood, as tools to improve outcome prediction in myelodysplastic syndromes: A prospective study of the Spanish MDS group
Authors: Ramos Fernando , Robledo Cristina , Pereira Arturo , Pedro Carmen , Benito Rocío , de Paz Raquel , del Rey Mónica , Insunza Andrés , Tormo Mar , Díez‐Campelo María , Xicoy Blanca , Salido Eduardo , Sánchez‐del‐Real Javier , Arenillas Leonor , Florensa Lourdes , Luño Elisa , del Cañizo Consuelo , Sanz Guillermo F. , María Hernández‐Rivas Jesús ,   on behalf of the Spanish Group for Myelodysplastic Syndromes (GESMD)
Published: June 2017

The International Prognostic Scoring System and its revised form (IPSS‐R) are the most widely used indices for prognostic assessment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but can only partially account for the observed variation in patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relative contribution of patient condition and mutational status in peripheral blood when added to the IPSS‐R, for estimating overall survival and the risk of leukemic transformation in patients with MDS. A prospective cohort (2006–2015) of 200 consecutive patients with MDS were included in the study series and categorized according to the IPSS‐R. Patients were further stratified according to patient condition (assessed using the multidimensional Lee index for older adults) and genetic mutations (peripheral blood samples screened using next‐generation sequencing). The change in likelihood‐ratio was tested in Cox models after adding individual covariates. The addition of the Lee index to the IPSS‐R significantly improved prediction of overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–4.66, P < 0.001), and mutational analysis significantly improved prediction of leukemic evolution (HR 2.64, 1.56–4.46, P < 0.001). Non‐leukemic death was strongly linked to patient condition (HR 2.71, 1.72–4.25, P < 0.001), but not to IPSS‐R score (P = 0.35) or mutational status (P = 0.75). Adjustment for exposure to disease‐modifying therapy, evaluated as a time‐dependent covariate, had no effect on the proposed model's predictive ability. In conclusion, patient condition, assessed by the multidimensional Lee index and patient mutational status can improve the prediction of clinical outcomes of patients with MDS already stratified by IPSS‐R.
Transplantation related toxicity and mortality in older autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Belete Hewan , Burns Linda J. , Shanley Ryan , Nayar Manju , McClune Brian , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Bachanova Veronika , Bejanyan Nelli , Ustun Celalettin , Brunstein Claudio , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Arora Mukta
Published: June 2017

With advances in supportive care, autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT) is increasingly being performed for patients older than 60 years. We analyzed patients receiving an AHCT for multiple myeloma or lymphoma in a contemporary cohort (2010–2012), with consistent treatment and supportive care and compared outcomes [CTCAE grade 3–5 toxicities, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and overall‐survival (OS)] of younger (40–59 years, n = 77) versus older (≥60 years, n = 67) recipients. The proportion of patients with neutropenic infections was higher in the older group (64% vs. 44%; P = 0.02). The proportion of patients with any grade 3–5 toxicity was also higher in the older group (84% vs. 67%, P = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, older age was significantly associated with higher odds (OR: 2.57, 95% CI:1.09–6.05) of grade 3–5 toxicity. The NRM was 3% (older) vs. 0% (younger) at 1 year. The probability of OS at 2 years was lower in the older group (76% vs. 90%, P = 0.04). Though AHCT can be performed safely in older recipients, the higher toxicity and slightly higher NRM in this population needs attention. Studies focusing on risk‐stratification in older patients would further help predict toxicity. Further studies addressing enhanced supportive care needs for older patients who are most likely to benefit are indicated.
Impact of comorbidities on outcomes of elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Saygin Caner , Jia Xuefei , Hill Brian , Dean Robert , Pohlman Brad , Smith Mitchell R. , Jagadeesh Deepa
Published: June 2017

International prognostic index (IPI) has remained the primary prognostic tool in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) for more than 20 years. Even though the disease is more common in older population, the impact of comorbidities, dose reductions, and treatment‐related adverse events (TAEs) on the outcome in elderly DLBCL patients has not been well established. We studied 413 consecutive patients aged ≥ 60 years who were treated at the Cleveland Clinic. The median age at diagnosis was 69 years, 58% of patients had high IPI score, and 85% had low Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Forty percent of patients required dose reductions during treatment, 78% achieved CR, and 70% experienced at least one grade II‐IV TAE. High IPI score, high CCI, reduced dose chemotherapy, TAE, and hospitalization were significant predictors of death and relapse. In multivariable analysis, high IPI and CCI were independent predictors of overall and progression free survival. A simple model combining IPI and CCI could reliably distinguish three prognostically separate risk groups. Our results suggest that incorporation of CCI in current prognostic models can improve prognostication of older DLBCL patients and CCI might be a valuable tool in evaluating the eligibility of older patients for clinical trial enrollment.
Temperature‐Dependence of the Rates of Reaction of Trifluoroacetic Acid with Criegee Intermediates
Authors: Chhantyal‐Pun Rabi , McGillen Max R. , Beames Joseph M. , Khan M. Anwar H. , Percival Carl J. , Shallcross Dudley E. , Orr‐Ewing Andrew J.
Published: June 2017

The rate coefficients for gas‐phase reaction of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with two Criegee intermediates, formaldehyde oxide and acetone oxide, decrease with increasing temperature in the range 240–340 K. The rate coefficients k(CH2OO + CF3COOH)=(3.4±0.3)×10−10 cm3 s−1 and k((CH3)2COO + CF3COOH)=(6.1±0.2)×10−10 cm3 s−1 at 294 K exceed estimates for collision‐limited values, suggesting rate enhancement by capture mechanisms because of the large permanent dipole moments of the two reactants. The observed temperature dependence is attributed to competitive stabilization of a pre‐reactive complex. Fits to a model incorporating this complex formation give k [cm3 s−1]=(3.8±2.6)×10−18 T2 exp((1620±180)/T) + 2.5×10−10 and k [cm3 s−1]=(4.9±4.1)×10−18 T2 exp((1620±230)/T) + 5.2×10−10 for the CH2OO + CF3COOH and (CH3)2COO + CF3COOH reactions, respectively. The consequences are explored for removal of TFA from the atmosphere by reaction with biogenic Criegee intermediates.
Stability and Activity of Non‐Noble‐Metal‐Based Catalysts Toward the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ledendecker Marc , Mondschein Jared S. , Kasian Olga , Geiger Simon , Göhl Daniel , Schalenbach Max , Zeradjanin Aleksandar , Cherevko Serhiy , Schaak Raymond E. , Mayrhofer Karl
Published: June 2017

A fundamental understanding of the behavior of non‐noble based materials toward the hydrogen evolution reaction is crucial for the successful implementation into practical devices. Through the implementation of a highly sensitive inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer coupled to a scanning flow cell, the activity and stability of non‐noble electrocatalysts is presented. The studied catalysts comprise a range of compositions, including metal carbides (WC), sulfides (MoS2), phosphides (Ni5P4, Co2P), and their base metals (W, Ni, Mo, Co); their activity, stability, and degradation behavior was elaborated and compared to the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst platinum. The non‐noble materials are stable at HER potentials but dissolve substantially when no current is flowing. Through pre‐ and post‐characterization of the catalysts, explanations of their stability (thermodynamics and kinetics) are discussed, challenges for the application in real devices are analyzed, and strategies for circumventing dissolution are suggested. The precise correlation of metal dissolution with applied potential/current density allows for narrowing down suitable material choices as replacement for precious group metals as for example, platinum and opens up new ways in finding cost‐efficient, active, and stable new‐generation electrocatalysts.
In Situ Synthesis of a Supramolecular Hydrogelator at an Oil/Water Interface for Stabilization and Stimuli‐Induced Fusion of Microdroplets
Authors: Nishida Yuki , Tanaka Akiko , Yamamoto Shota , Tominaga Yudai , Kunikata Nobuaki , Mizuhata Minoru , Maruyama Tatsuo
Published: June 2017

Supramolecular hydrogels are expected to have applications as novel soft materials in various fields owing to their designable functional properties. Herein, we developed an in situ synthesis of supramolecular hydrogelators, which can trigger gelation of an aqueous solution without the need for temperature change. This was achieved by mixing two precursors, which induced the synthesis of a supramolecular gelator and its instantaneous self‐assembly into nanofibers. We then performed the in situ synthesis of this supramolecular gelator at an oil/water interface to produce nanofibers that covered the surfaces of the oil droplets (nanofiber‐stabilized oil droplets). External stimuli induced fusion of the droplets owing to disassembly of the gelator molecules. Finally, we demonstrated that this stimuli‐induced droplet fusion triggered a synthetic reaction within the droplets. This means that the confined nanofiber‐stabilized droplets can be utilized as stimuli‐responsive microreactors.
An Interconnected Ternary MIn2S4 (M=Fe, Co, Ni) Thiospinel Nanosheet Array: A Type of Efficient Platinum‐Free Counter Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hou Wenjing , Xiao Yaoming , Han Gaoyi
Published: June 2017

The ternary iron‐group thiospinels of metal diindium sulfides (MIn2S4, M=Fe, Co, Ni) with a vertically aligned nanosheet array structure are fabricated through an in situ solvothermal method on F‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, which are employed as one type of platinum (Pt)‐free counter electrodes (CEs) in structure‐dependent dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A DSSC assembled with ternary CoIn2S4 CE achieves an photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.83 %, outperforming than that of FeIn2S4 (7.18 %) and NiIn2S4 (8.27 %) CEs under full sunlight illumination (100 mW cm−2, AM 1.5 G), which is also comparable with that of the Pt CE (8.19 %). Putting aside that the interconnected nanosheet array provides fast electron transfer and electrolyte diffusion channels, the highest PCE of CoIn2S4 based DSSC results from its largest specific surface area (144.07 m2 g−1), providing abundant active sites and the largest electron injection efficiency from CE to electrolyte.
Bright, Multi‐responsive, Sky‐Blue Platinum(II) Phosphors Based on a Tetradentate Chelating Framework
Authors: Liu Lijie , Wang Xiang , Wang Nan , Peng Tai , Wang Suning
Published: June 2017

A new class of highly efficient and stable, blue‐phosphorescent PtII complexes based on a tetradentate chelating framework has been found to exhibit highly sensitive and reversible responses to multiple external stimuli including temperature, pressure, and UV irradiation with distinct phosphorescent color switching—from blue to red or white. Intermolecular excimer formation is the main origin of this intriguing multi‐response phenomenon. Highly efficient singlet‐oxygen sensitization by the PtII compounds yields UV‐light‐induced phosphorescence enhancement and color switching.
A Rechargeable Li‐CO2 Battery with a Gel Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Li Chao , Guo Ziyang , Yang Bingchang , Liu Yao , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: June 2017

The utilization of CO2 in Li‐CO2 batteries is attracting extensive attention. However, the poor rechargeability and low applied current density have remained the Achilles’ heel of this energy device. The gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), which is composed of a polymer matrix filled with tetraglyme‐based liquid electrolyte, was used to fabricate a rechargeable Li‐CO2 battery with a carbon nanotube‐based gas electrode. The discharge product of Li2CO3 formed in the GPE‐based Li‐CO2 battery exhibits a particle‐shaped morphology with poor crystallinity, which is different from the contiguous polymer‐like and crystalline discharge product in conventional Li‐CO2 battery using a liquid electrolyte. Accordingly, the GPE‐based battery shows much improved electrochemical performance. The achieved cycle life (60 cycles) and rate capability (maximum applied current density of 500 mA g−1) are much higher than most of previous reports, which points a new way to develop high‐performance Li‐CO2 batteries.
Developing PES membrane by modified Co3O4–OA nanoparticles for direct contact membrane distillation process
Authors: Gholamzadeh Nika , Peyravi Majid , Jahanshahi Mohsen , Hoseinpour Hamzeh , Rad Ali Shokuhi
Published: June 2017

Modified hydrophobic cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles were used to develop polyethersulfone (PES) nanocomposite membranes via phase inversion technique for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Co3O4 nanoparticles were treated by oleic acid (OA) to decrease the surface energy and agglomeration. The effect of incorporating different concentrations of Co3O4–OA nanoparticles (0–4 wt%) into the PES dope solution was studied. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle and porosity and pore size measurements. Due to the increase in pore size, the membrane performance improved, and the vapour flux increased upon the incorporation of 4 wt% of nanoparticles. The salt rejection was greater than 99.8% when a 3.5 g/L sodium chloride. As a result, the Co3O4–OA modified PES membrane could provide an opportunity for desalination by DCMD process with good perm selectivity. Copyright © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning and analysis of a C‐type lectin from silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Shahzad Toufeeq , Zhan Ming‐Yue , Yang Pei‐Jin , Yu Xiao‐Qiang , Rao Xiang‐Jun
Published: June 2017

C‐type lectins (CTLs) play a variety of roles in plants and animals. They are involved in animal development, pathogen recognition, and the activation of immune responses. CTLs carry one or more non‐catalytic carbohydrate‐recognition domains (CRDs) to bind specific carbohydrates reversibly. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional analysis of a single‐CRD CTL, named C‐type lectin‐S2 (BmCTL‐S2) from the domesticated silkmoth Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The ORF of CTL‐S2 is 666 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 221 amino acids. BmCTL‐S2 is expressed in a variety of immune‐related tissues, including hemocytes and fat body among others. BmCTL‐S2 mRNA level in the midgut and the fat body was significantly increased by bacterial challenges. The recombinant protein (rBmCTL‐S2) bound different bacterial cell wall components and bacterial cells. rBmCTL‐S2 also inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, we infer that BmCTL‐S2 is a pattern‐recognition receptor with antibacterial activities.
Shangri–La: A medical case–based retrieval tool
Authors: Seco de Herrera Alba G. , Schaer Roger , Müller Henning
Published: June 2017

Large amounts of medical visual data are produced in hospitals daily and made available continuously via publications in the scientific literature, representing the medical knowledge. However, it is not always easy to find the desired information and in clinical routine the time to fulfil an information need is often very limited. Information retrieval systems are a useful tool to provide access to these documents/images in the biomedical literature related to information needs of medical professionals. Shangri–La is a medical retrieval system that can potentially help clinicians to make decisions on difficult cases. It retrieves articles from the biomedical literature when querying a case description and attached images. The system is based on a multimodal retrieval approach with a focus on the integration of visual information connected to text. The approach includes a query–adaptive multimodal fusion criterion that analyses if visual features are suitable to be fused with text for the retrieval. Furthermore, image modality information is integrated in the retrieval step. The approach is evaluated using the ImageCLEFmed 2013 medical retrieval benchmark and can thus be compared to other approaches. Results show that the final approach outperforms the best multimodal approach submitted to ImageCLEFmed 2013.
Computationally‐Light Non‐Lifted Data‐Driven Norm‐Optimal Iterative Learning Control
Authors: Chi Ronghu , Hou Zhongsheng , Jin Shangtai , Huang Biao
Published: June 2017

Computational complexity and model dependence are two significant limitations on lifted norm optimal iterative learning control (NOILC). To overcome these two issues and retain monotonic convergence in iteration, this paper proposes a computationally‐efficient non‐lifted NOILC strategy for nonlinear discrete‐time systems via a data‐driven approach. First, an iteration‐dependent linear representation of the controlled nonlinear process is introduced by using a dynamical linearization method in the iteration direction. The non‐lifted NOILC is then proposed by utilizing the input and output measurements only, instead of relying on an explicit model of the plant. The computational complexity is reduced by avoiding matrix operation in the learning law. This greatly facilitates its practical application potential. The proposed control law executes in real‐time and utilizes more control information at previous time instants within the same iteration, which can help improve the control performance. The effectiveness of the non‐lifted data‐driven NOILC is demonstrated by rigorous analysis along with a simulation on a batch chemical reaction process.
A modified gradient‐based algorithm for solving extended Sylvester‐conjugate matrix equations
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed A. , Bayoumi Ahmed M. E.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we present a modified gradient‐based algorithm for solving extended Sylvester‐conjugate matrix equations. The idea is from the gradient‐based method introduced in [14] and the relaxed gradient‐based algorithm proposed in [16]. The convergence analysis of the algorithm is investigated. We show that the iterative solution converges to the exact solution for any initial value based on some appropriate assumptions. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and to test its efficiency and accuracy compared with those presented in [14] and [16].
Conversion Economics of Forest Biomaterials: Risk and Financial Analysis of CNC Manufacturing
Authors: de Assis Camilla Abbati , Houtman Carl , Phillips Richard , Bilek E.M. (Ted) , Rojas Orlando J. , Pal Lokendra , Peresin Maria Soledad , Jameel Hasan , Gonzalez Ronalds
Published: June 2017

Commercialization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) presents opportunities for a wide range of new products. Techno‐economic assessments can provide insightful information for the efficient design of conversion processes, drive cost‐saving efforts, and reduce financial risks. In this study, we conducted techno‐economic assessments for CNC production using information from the USDA Forest Products Laboratory Pilot Plant, literature, and discussions with experts. Scenarios considered included variations related to greenfield, co‐location, and acid recovery. Operating costs, capital investment, minimum product selling price (MPSP), financial performance metrics, and the effect of drying and higher reaction yields on CNC manufacturing financials were estimated for each scenario. The lowest MPSP was found for the co‐location without acid recovery scenario, mainly driven by capital investment. Risk analysis indicates 95% probability of manufacturing costs lower than USD 5900/t of CNC (dry equivalent) and a MPSP lower than USD 7200/t of CNC (dry equivalent). Finally, based on our analysis, we provide guidance on process optimizations that can improve the economic performance of CNC manufacturing process. In addition, a risk profile of the CNC manufacturing business is provided. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Structural and luminescent studies of erbium‐doped CaZrO3 green‐emitting nanophosphors
Authors: Ballem Evangeline , Azeem Abdul , Rayavarapu Prasada Rao , Divi Haranath
Published: June 2017

Erbium (Er) (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%)‐doped CaZrO3 nanophosphors were synthesized by the sol–gel method using poly(vinyl alcohol) as the chelating agent. Their structural and photoluminescence properties were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM‐EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD patterns of the samples confirm that nanoscale crystallite sizes. Agglomeration of the samples was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy images. Energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements confirmed the existence of Ca, Zr, O and Er in the samples. Average particle sizes for the samples were calculated from transmission electron microscopy images. FTIR spectra clearly show characteristic absorption bands related to the metal oxides, as well as some other organic molecules. The photoluminescence spectra show bands in the green region. The Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates were calculated and found to be in green region.
Chemiluminescence selectivity enhancement in the on‐chip Ru(bpy)32+ system: The potential role of buffer type and pH in the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in combined formulations and human plasma
Authors: Kadavilpparampu Afsal Mohammed , Al Lawati Haider A.J. , Suliman Fakhr Eldin O.
Published: June 2017

A simple and highly selective on‐chip Ru(bpy)32+–oxidant chemiluminescence (CL) approach for estimation of a diuretic drug, hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ), in biological fluids was realized in the presence of other fixed‐dose combination drugs by manipulating simultaneously the method of active species (Ru(bpy)33+) production and type of carrier buffer with pH used for the CL reaction. Chemical oxidation processes involved in the Ru(bpy)32+–Ce(IV) CL system have been successfully miniaturised in this study using a microfabricated device to generate Ru(bpy)33+ instantaneously. The proposed system was then screened using HCZ and other drugs in the presence of various buffers and pH to explore the difference in CL emission. Ammonium formate buffer (0.15 M) at pH 4.5 exhibited excellent selectivity towards HCZ when Ru(bpy)33+ was produced by chemical oxidation using Ce(IV). The newly developed conditions do not involve any kind of prior separation or isolation procedure to remove other combination therapy drugs in formulation and biological samples. The method under fully optimised conditions exhibited wide linearity over the concentration range 0.5–1000 ng ml−1 and low detection and quantification limits of 0.13 and 0.47 ng ml−1 respectively for HCZ. Acceptable levels of recoveries were obtained for HCZ from human plasma using the proposed method (98.9–100.8%) in the presence of other antihypertensive combination therapy drugs. This study postulates that such miniaturised devices may find applications especially for on‐site analysis, such as doping control examinations.
A meta‐analysis of anatomy laboratory pedagogies
Authors: Wilson Adam B. , Miller Corinne H. , Klein Barbie A. , Taylor Melissa A. , Goodwin Michael , Boyle Eve K. , Brown Kirsten , Hoppe Chantal , Lazarus Michelle
Published: June 2017

The debate regarding anatomy laboratory teaching approaches is ongoing and controversial. To date, the literature has yielded only speculative conclusions because of general methodological weaknesses and a lack of summative empirical evidence. Through a meta‐analysis, this study compared the effectiveness of instructional laboratory approaches used in anatomy education to objectively and more conclusively synthesize the existing literature. Studies published between January 1965 and December 2015 were searched through five databases. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved records were screened using eligibility criteria to determine their appropriateness for study inclusion. Only numerical data were extracted for analysis. A summary effect size was estimated to determine the effects of laboratory pedagogies on learner performance and perceptions data were compiled to provide additional context. Of the 3,035 records screened, 327 underwent full‐text review. Twenty‐seven studies, comprising a total of 7,731 participants, were included in the analysis. The meta‐analysis detected no effect (standardized mean difference = −0.03; 95% CI = −0.16 to 0.10; P = 0.62) on learner performance. Additionally, a moderator analysis detected no effects (P ≥ 0.16) for study design, learner population, intervention length, or specimen type. Across studies, student performance on knowledge examinations was equivalent regardless of being exposed to either dissection or another laboratory instructional strategy. This was true of every comparison investigated (i.e., dissection vs. prosection, dissection vs. digital media, dissection vs. models/modeling, and dissection vs. hybrid). In the context of short‐term knowledge gains alone, dissection is no better, and no worse, than alternative instructional modalities. Clin. Anat. 31:122–133, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Description and ultrasound targeting of the origin of the suprascapular nerve
Authors: Laumonerie P. , LapÈgue F. , Chantalat E. , Sans N. , Mansat P. , Faruch M.
Published: June 2017

Anatomical variations in the suprascapular nerve (SSN) and its depth in the suprascapular notch can make it difficult to target with ultrasonography (US). One alternative could be a proximal approach to the SSN, if US provides a reliable description of its origin (orSSN). The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate that US can reliably locate the orSSN. The secondary objective was to describe the features of the proximal SSN. Seventy brachial plexuses (BPs) from 30 healthy volunteers (60 BPs) and 5 cadavers (10 BPs) were included. There were two parts to this study: (1) description of the proximal SSN in healthy volunteers using US to determine the diameter, depth and location of the orSSN; (2) targeting of the orSSN with US in cadaver limbs to determine its distance from the needle, ink marking and locating the orSSN. In Part I, the diameter of the orSSN averaged 1.33 mm (1–9 mm) and its depth averaged 5.12 mm (2.7–10.6 mm). The orSSN was located in the upper trunk of the BP (53) or its posterior division (7). In Part II, the orSSN was successfully targeted in nine of the 10 specimens by US; the needle/orSSN distance averaged 3.8 mm (0–8 mm). The implanted needle was at the orSSN in two cases, proximal to it in seven and distal to it in one. US is a valid modality for describing and pinpointing the orSSN, irrespective of patient morphology. Clin. Anat. 30:747–752, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryology and pathophysiology of the Chiari I and II malformations: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shoja Mohammadali M. , Johal Jaspreet , Oakes W. Jerry , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: June 2017

Although the Chiari malformations are well‐studied and described developmental anomalies, there remains some incongruity in regards to their underlying etiologies. A number of theories have been proposed with the purpose of accounting for the embryology and pathogenesis of the Chiari I and II malformations and their associated complications and clinical syndromes. The present review aims to review the pertinent literature for all of the main theories that have been proposed, and outline their validity and relevance to our contemporary understanding of these anomalies. Clin. Anat. 31:202–215, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Previously undescribed palpebral branch from the infraorbital canal: Application to surgery of the eyelid and treatment of orbital floor fractures
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Watanabe Koichi , Oskouian Rod J. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: June 2017

The sensory innervation of the inferior eyelid is mainly derived from the inferior palpebral branch (IPb) of the infraorbital nerve (ION). This study aimed to investigate another, to our knowledge, previously unknown branch, and elucidate its location and distribution. Twelve sides from seven fresh frozen cadaveric Caucasian heads were used in this study. The specimens were derived from two male and four female adult cadavers age. The diameter of the IPb of the ION (D1) and branch arising from the upper wall of the infraorbital canal (D2), and distance between the branching points of this branch and the anterior border of the orbit floor (L1) was measured. A branch to the lower eyelid was found arising from the infraorbital canal on the majority of sides. D1 ranged from 0.4 to 1.1 mm. The branch arising from the upper wall of the infraorbital canal was found 10 sides (83%). D2 ranged 0.6 to 1.0 mm. L1 ranged from 10.2 to 19.8 mm. All of the branches arising from the upper wall of the infraorbital canal (10 sides) primarily innervated to the inferior eyelid. We suggest this branch should be named the “posterior IPb” of the ION. Knowledge of this branch might decrease sensory loss following invasive procedures of the lower orbit. Clin. Anat. 30:835–838, 2017. © 2017Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
E‐learning website evaluation and selection using multi‐attribute decision making matrix methodology
Authors: Garg Rakesh
Published: June 2017

E‐learning website selection is a deliberate decision with a significant influence on the educational sector. E‐learning website selection decision is based on multiple attributes/criteria. In the present research, the various attributes having a huge influence in the evaluation process of E‐learning websites that are termed collectively as ranking criteria were identified and extracted from the available literature at the first step. Now, the relative importance or the significance of each ranking criteria was determined by collecting data through the interviews with experts and applying some aggregate operations on that data. Simply, the priority weight of each ranking criteria was determined at the second step. The third step is concerned with the evaluation work of the alternatives against the identified ranking criteria by considering the priority weights determined at the second step. In the present study, E‐learning websites selection problem is resolved using matrix method which is capable to solve such types of multiple‐attribute decision making (MADM) problems. Further, the results obtained from the proposed methodology are compared with the existing approaches namely Weighted Distance Based Approximation and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution to validate the applicability and utility of the proposed method.
Intergroup contact and minority group empowerment: The perspective of Roma and non‐Roma adolescents in Macedonia
Authors: Kamberi Ermira , Martinovic Borja , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: June 2017

This study focused on the endorsement of Roma empowerment in Macedonia among Roma (N = 187) and non‐Roma (Macedonian, Albanian, and Turkish; N = 627) adolescents. Using structural equation modelling, we examined the mediating roles of out‐group feelings, negative Roma stereotypes, and perceived social injustice towards the Roma in the association between out‐group contact and endorsement of Roma empowerment. In line with the prejudice reduction model, we found for the non‐Roma sample that the endorsement of Roma empowerment was higher among adolescents who had more frequent (as well as more positive) contact with Roma, and this was due to more positive feelings towards the Roma, less negative Roma stereotypes, and, in the case of Albanian and Turkish minorities, more perceived social injustice towards the Roma. There was little evidence for the collective action approach in the Roma sample.
Synthetic Nucleic Acid Analogues in Gene Therapy: An Update for Peptide–Oligonucleotide Conjugates
Authors: Taskova Maria , Mantsiou Anna , Astakhova Kira
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this work is to provide an update on synthetic nucleic acid analogues and nanoassemblies as tools in gene therapy. In particular, the synthesis and properties of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs), which have high potential in research and as therapeutics, are described in detail. The exploration of POCs has already led to fruitful results in the treatment of neurological diseases, lung disorders, cancer, leukemia, viral, and bacterial infections. However, delivery and in vivo stability are the major barriers to the clinical application of POCs and other analogues that still have to be overcome. This review summarizes recent achievements in the delivery and in vivo administration of synthetic nucleic acid analogues, focusing on POCs, and compares their efficiency.
Length and pressure matter: Expediting evidence‐based progress in femoropoliteal intervention
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Hillegass William B.
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Preprocedural lesion length and ankle‐brachial indices (ABI) synergistically predict 12‐month patency and repeat revacularization in claudicants treated with bare metal nitinol stents for femoropopliteal disease.

This predictive length‐ABI model will permit broader evidence‐based indirect comparisons of newer femoropopliteal approaches such as drug eluting balloon treatment with or without atherectomy.

The length‐ABI model is a step to supplement and supplant randomized controlled trials with indirect comparisons as the necessary evidence source expediting innovation and optimizing personalized endovascular therapy for infrainguinal obstructive peripheral arterial disease.
Ending “poke until you get a gusher”: Part II—the evidence based approach to vascular access revisited
Authors: Turi Zoltan G.
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Puncture above the common femoral bifurcation and below the inguinal ligament is optimal

A vast majority of femoral bifurcations occur below the middle third of the femoral head while the inferior epigastric artery rarely descends below the middle third

Fluoroscopy or if possible, ultrasound, should be used for femoral access to optimize safe puncture
From D2B to B2D: Value based STEMI care!
Authors: Ebinger Joseph , Henry Timothy D.
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Use of the CADILLIAC Risk Score can accurately identify patients for safe early discharge after PCI for STEMI.

Early discharge has the potential to both improve the quality and decrease the cost of care for STEMI patients.

Prospective validation of this risk score and formal cost analysis would facilitate widespread utilization.
The problem of delirium following transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Orvin Katia , Kornowski Ran
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Delirium is a common condition among elderly patients, particularly those hospitalized following surgical procedures.

A study indicates that delirium occurs in 1 out of 5 patients following TAVR and it was found to be associated with diminished survival, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare utilization.

Delirium is potentially preventable and treatable clinical syndrome.
Toward Wearable Energy Storage Devices: Paper‐Based Biofuel Cells based on a Screen‐Printing Array Structure
Authors: Shitanda Isao , Momiyama Misaki , Watanabe Naoto , Tanaka Tomohiro , Tsujimura Seiya , Hoshi Yoshinao , Itagaki Masayuki
Published: June 2017

A novel paper‐based biofuel cell with a series/parallel array structure has been fabricated, in which the cell voltage and output power can easily be adjusted as required by printing. The output of the fabricated 4‐series/4‐parallel biofuel cell reached 0.97±0.02 mW at 1.4 V, which is the highest output power reported to date for a paper‐based biofuel cell. This work contributes to the development of flexible, wearable energy storage device.
The Catalytic Mechanism of the Pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate‐Dependent Enzyme, Histidine Decarboxylase: A Computational Study
Authors: Fernandes Henrique Silva , Ramos Maria João , Cerqueira Nuno M. F. S. A.
Published: June 2017

The catalytic mechanism of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), a pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzyme, was studied by using a computational QM/MM approach following the scheme M06‐2X/6–311++G(3df,2pd):Amber. The reaction involves two sequential steps: the decarboxylation of l‐histidine and the protonation of the generated intermediate from which results histamine. The rate‐limiting step is the first one (ΔG≠=17.6 kcal mol−1; ΔGr=13.7 kcal mol−1) and agrees closely with the available experimental kcat (1.73 s−1), which corresponds to an activation barrier of 17.9 kcal mol−1. In contrast, the second step is very fast (ΔG≠=1.9 kcal mol−1) and exergonic (ΔGr=−33.2 kcal mol−1). Our results agree with the available experimental data and allow us to explain the role played by several active site residues that are considered relevant according to site‐directed mutagenesis studies, namely Tyr334B, Asp273A, Lys305A, and Ser354B. These results can provide insights regarding the catalytic mechanism of other enzymes belonging to family II of PLP‐dependent decarboxylases.
Graphene/Group 5 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Composites for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Wang Yong , Sofer Zdeněk , Luxa Jan , Chia Xinyi , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2017

In comparison to the extensive research and great success attained by Group 6 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, there is limited research focused on metallic Group 5 TMDs for use as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Density functional theory calculations have pointed out that Group 5 TMDs are highly favorable for HER, especially vanadium disulfide. In this work, nanocomposites of graphene and Group 5 TMDs were synthesized by thermal exfoliation of graphene oxide/TMD precursors in an H2S atmosphere or in a H2 atmosphere as a control. Graphene oxide was prepared by the Hummers method while vanadium tetrachloride, niobium pentachloride, and tantalum pentachloride were utilized as TMD precursors. Then the potential of these nanocomposites as electrocatalysts towards HER was explored. Although these nanocomposites do not have comparable HER performance to Group 6 TMDs, they exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity in comparison with thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) in the absence of TMD modification. In addition, the capacitive performance of these materials was also investigated in consideration of the high capacitance of graphene. It was indicated that the presence of TMDs on graphene actually suppress the capacitance performance of graphene itself.
n‐Channel Organic Semiconductors Derived from Air‐Stable Four‐Coordinate Boron Complexes of Substituted Thienylthiazoles
Authors: Hecht Reinhard , Kade Juliane , Schmidt David , Nowak‐Król Agnieszka
Published: June 2017

Three acceptor‐π‐bridge‐acceptor (A‐π‐A) molecules derived from 2‐(3‐boryl‐2‐thienyl)thiazole have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Incorporation of a B−N unit into thienylthiazole and attachment of suitable acceptor moieties allowed to obtain ambient‐stable A‐π‐A molecules with low‐lying LUMO levels. Their potential for applications in organic electronics was tested in vacuum‐deposited organic thin film transistors (OTFT). The OTFT device based on boryl‐thienylthiazole and 1,1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone (DCIND) acceptor moieties showed an electron mobility of ≈1.4×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 in air, which is the highest electron mobility reported to date for organoboron small molecules. Conversely, the device employing the malononitrile (MAL) derivative as an active layer did not show any charge transport behavior. As suggested by single crystal X‐ray analysis of indandione (IND) and MAL derivatives, the enhanced mobility of IND (and DCIND) in comparison to the MAL molecule can be attributed to the effective two‐dimensional π‐stacking in the solid state imparted by the acceptor moieties with an extended π‐surface.
Self‐Assembled Polymeric Ionic Liquid‐Functionalized Cellulose Nano‐crystals: Constructing 3D Ion‐conducting Channels Within Ionic Liquid‐based Composite Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Shi Qing Xuan , Xia Qing , Xiang Xiao , Ye Yun Sheng , Peng Hai Yan , Xue Zhi Gang , Xie Xiao Lin , Mai Yiu‐Wing
Published: June 2017

Composite polymeric and ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes are some of the most promising electrolyte systems for safer battery technology. Although much effort has been directed towards enhancing the transport properties of polymer electrolytes (PEs) through nanoscopic modification by incorporating nano‐fillers, it is still difficult to construct ideal ion conducting networks. Here, a novel class of three‐dimensional self‐assembled polymeric ionic liquid (PIL)‐functionalized cellulose nano‐crystals (CNC) confining ILs in surface‐grafted PIL polymer chains, able to form colloidal crystal polymer electrolytes (CCPE), is reported. The high‐strength CNC nano‐fibers, decorated with PIL polymer chains, can spontaneously form three‐dimensional interpenetrating nano‐network scaffolds capable of supporting electrolytes with continuously connected ion conducting networks with IL being concentrated in conducting domains. These new CCPE have exceptional ionic conductivities, low activation energies (close to bulk IL electrolyte with dissolved Li salt), high Li+ transport numbers, low interface resistances and improved interface compatibilities. Furthermore, the CCPE displays good electrochemical properties and a good battery performance. This approach offers a route to leak‐free, non‐flammable and high ionic conductivity solid‐state PE in energy conversion devices.
A Multiply Bonded Trigonal‐Planar Bismuth(III) Complex: Prodigious Lewis Acidity, Solvatochromism, Etherification, and Semiconducting Characteristics
Authors: Shieh Minghuey , Yu Chia‐Chi , Hsing Kai‐Jieah , Chang Wei‐Jie
Published: June 2017

The formation of a hitherto unknown 4‐center, 6π–conjugated trigonal‐planar complex, [Bi{Cr(CO)5}3]−(1), is reported, in which the oxidation state of the Bi atom is +3, as evidenced by XAS, XPS, and DFT calculations. The BiIIIatom in1has dual donor and acceptor properties in its bonding mode. In contrast to the mild Lewis acidity of BiIII, the central Bi in1functions as a prodigious Lewis acid site to exhibit strong affinity toward F−ions, unique solvatochromic properties, intriguing etherification through the C−O bond cleavage of alcohols, and surprising semiconducting characteristics with an ultra‐narrow optical band gap of 1.02 eV, which can be attributed to the intermolecular Bi⋅⋅⋅O and O⋅⋅⋅O interactions in the solid state. The tetrahedral Fe(CO)4‐adduct [{Fe(CO)4}Bi{Cr(CO)5}3]3−(1‐Fe) allowed the selective demetallation to afford the isoelectronic multiply bonded BiCr3‐complex1and the BiCr2Fe‐complex, [Bi{Cr(CO)5}2{Fe(CO)4}]−(2), which may open a novel pathway for the design of the heterometal‐incorporated trigonal‐planar Bi‐Cr complexes.
Investigations on Gold‐Catalyzed Thioalkyne Activation Toward Facile Synthesis of Ketene Dithioacetals
Authors: Ye Xiaohan , Wang Jin , Ding Shengtao , Hosseyni Seyedmorteza , Wojtas Lukasz , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Shi Xiaodong
Published: June 2017

Nucleophilic addition to thioalkynes was investigated under various catalytic conditions with gold(I) complexes being identified as the optimal catalysts. Structural evaluation of the product revealed an unexpected cis‐addition, arising from a gold‐associated thioketene intermediate. Based on this interesting mechanistic insight, a gold(I)‐catalyzed thioether addition to thioalkynes was developed as a novel approach to prepare ketene dithioacetals with good yields and high efficiency.
Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazine Compounds via Two Distinct One‐Pot Domino Protocols
Authors: Liu Yafeng , Guo Xin , Tang Dong , Wang Jing , Wu Ping , Han Jianwei , Chen Baohua
Published: June 2017

1,2,4‐Triazine compounds were synthesized via two coupled domino strategies employing simple and readily available arylacetaldehydes/arylethyl alcohols as starting materials. The reactions proceed smoothly in one pot with the advantages of high functional groups tolerance, being transition metal‐free, and employing environmentally friendly oxidants such as I2 and IBX, providing access to the desired 1,2,4‐triazine products in excellent yields.
A Novel Method for Preparation of 2‐Chloro Enesulfonamides
Authors: Zhao Haiyong , Pu Xiaoqiu , Yang Xianjin
Published: June 2017

A novel method for the synthesis of 2‐chloro enesulfonamides via the one‐pot addition‐elimination of N‐chloro‐N‐fluorobenzenesulfonamides (CFBSA) to styrenes in the presence of Et3N is described. A total of 20 examples are presented to illustrate this concept including various of styrenes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Lu3N@C80O
Authors: Zhuang Jiaxin , Wang Yaofeng , Yao Jinqian , Yang Ting , Chen Ning
Published: June 2017

Oxygenated hollow cage fullerenes have been intensively studied due to their applications in biomedicine in recent years. Clusterfullerenes have become a focus of endohedral fullerene researches for their exceptionally high yield and thermal stabilities. However, oxide derivatives of clusterfullerene remain unexplored to date. Herein, we present the photochemical synthesis of an oxide derivative of clusterfullerene, Lu3N@C80O, for the first time. The compound was characterized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, UV–vis‐NIR, cyclic voltammetry, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results suggest that one oxygen atom bridges with the fullerene cage after the oxidation of Lu3N@C80. Moreover, the oxidation has a major impact on the electrochemical behavior of Lu3N@C80.
ESC sudden‐death risk model in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Incremental value of quantitative contrast‐enhanced CMR in intermediate‐risk patients
Authors: Hinojar Rocio , Zamorano José Luis , Gonzalez Gómez Ariana , Plaza Martin Maria , Esteban Amparo , Rincón Luis Miguel , Portugal Juan Carlos , Jimenez Nácher José Julio , Fernández‐Golfín Covadonga
Published: June 2017

Background

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young; however, current strategies do not identify all HCM patients at risk. A novel validated algorithm was proposed by the last European Society of Cardiology guidelines to guide implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Recently, extensive myocardial fibrosis was independently associated with increased risk of SCD events. This study aimed to establish the relation between myocardial fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE] extension) and the novel SCD risk‐prediction model in a real population of HCM to evaluate its potential additional value in the different risk groups.

Hypothesis

There is a significant association between LGE extension and the novel SCD risk calculator that may help conflicting ICD decisions.

Methods

Seventy‐seven patients with HCM underwent routine clinical evaluation, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance study. Their SCD risk at 5 years was calculated using the new model.

Results

Extension of LGE positively correlated with SCD risk prediction (r = 0.7, P < 0.001). Low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups according to the model showed significantly different extent of LGE (5% ± 6% vs 18% ± 9% vs 17% ± 4%; P < 0.001). Four patients (6%) in the low‐risk group and 5 (62%) in the intermediate‐risk group showed extensive areas of LGE. All patients except 1 (86%) at highest risk (n = 6) showed extensive areas of LGE.

Conclusions

LGE extension is concordant with the novel SCD‐risk model defining low‐ and high‐risk groups; it may provide additional information, allowing better discrimination to support implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator decision. LGE quantification holds promise for SCD stratification in HCM.