bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scales of governance, polycentricity and the case of active travel infrastructure in West London
Authors: Greenwood Dan , Gerhards Jan , Aldred Rachel , Fadel Minerva
Published: December 2024

In the context of net zero targets, the Bloomington School raises vital questions for public administration about the suitability and inter-relationships between different scales of governance for addressing this complex challenge. The extant empirically orientated literature exploring different examples of polycentric climate governance can gain from a closer focus on Elinor Ostrom’s conjecture that large scale externality problems can be most effectively addressed through decentralised governance processes. There is significant need and scope for applying Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to urban governance contexts. This paper applies the IAD framework to a case study of urban governance in London, focusing on sustainable transport targets and the task of delivering active travel infrastructure. The case confirms the pertinence of Bloomington insights into the importance of local knowledge and collaborative and entrepreneurial approaches to governance. The study also demonstrates that the Bloomington case for decentralised processes of institutional adaptation needs to be qualified where externalities cut across multiple jurisdictions, and in the case of reducing CO2 emissions are global in scale. Enabling active travel is found to require national and city-level governance initiating policy coordination across multiple local jurisdictions.
Real-time proof of concept for a hybrid magnetic bearing with improved damping and reduced control complexity
Authors: Chiu Hsin-Lin , Liu Yen-Chen , Chou He-Yi , Hong Yan-Li
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel Axial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing (AHMB) and its corresponding control approach to overcome the constraints of conventional Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB) and Passive Magnetic Bearings (PMB). The HMB architecture comprises an independent magnetic circuit for the Permanent Magnet (PM) and AMB, resulting in improved damping and reduced control complexity. A Permanent Magnet Actuator Mechanism (PMAM) and its control algorithm were developed to render the HMB system suitable for counteracting diverse loads. Real-time experiments validated the efficacy of the HMB in mitigating external disturbances. Experimental results showed that when the load was added to the AHMB system, the rotor could be regulated to its nominal position within 1.5 s by the AMB. Moreover, the control currents to the AMB coil can be effectively reduced by ≥50%. The proposed hybrid magnetic bearing has potential applications including, but not limited to, cleanroom equipment, high-speed air compressors, high-speed turbomachinery, and flywheel energy storage systems.
DOXY do, or DOXY Don’t? Syphilis and doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis: A case report
Authors: Chircop Omar , Jaggers Courtney , Spiteri Martha , Schembri Aaron , Padovese Valeska
Published: December 2024

The resurgence of syphilis across Europe has led to a growing number of atypical cases, often characterised by varied symptoms that can delay diagnosis. We report the case of a young man who has sex with men (MSM), presenting with persistent headaches and swelling of the forehead suggestive of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Despite a recent negative syphilis test, further investigations confirmed the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. The patient had been using doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP), which is suspected to have delayed the diagnosis by masking the typical antibody response. This case highlights concerns about DoxyPEP’s impact on syphilis detection and disease progression. Further research is warranted to explore its effects on antimicrobial resistance, the human microbiome, and clinical outcomes.
Serious infections and tuberculosis adversely impact outcomes of juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus in India
Authors: Chatterjee Rudrarpan , Pattanaik Sarit Sekhar , Misra Durga P , Agarwal Vikas , Lawrence Able , Misra Ramnath , Aggarwal Amita
Published: December 2024

Background

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed the incidence and risk factors for major infections in juvenile SLE.

Methods

A retrospective review of 225 patients of juvenile SLE (ACR 1997 criteria) with age <18 years visiting the rheumatology clinic at a single centre between 2000 to 2020 was done from case records and the hospital electronic health records. Serious infection was defined as the need for hospitalization, or infection resulting in disability or death. Cox regression was used to determine factors associated with a serious infection and the effect of serious infection on overall survival.

Results

We reviewed 225 children (197 girls, mean age 13.89 ± 3.42 years) with a cumulative follow up of 1153.45 person-years. Eighty serious infections occurred in 63 (28% of the cohort) children at a rate of 69.35 serious infections per 1000 person-years. A second serious infection occurred in 12 children and 5 of them developed three infections. Among the cases with known etiology (78.75% of cases), bacterial infections were most common ( N = 33) including S. Aureus (11) , E. Coli (7) , K. Pneumoniae (3) , E. Fecalis (3) , S. Pneumoniae (2) , Acinetobacter spp. (2) , Citrobacter (2) , Salmonella (2) and P. Aeruginosa (1). Twenty six (32.5%) opportunistic infections occurred: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (18), Cytomegalovirus (3), disseminated Herpes zoster (4) and invasive candidiasis (1) with 15 (83.3%) of the tuberculosis cases being extrapulmonary. On multivariate analysis, fever (HR 8.51, 1.17–61.44), gastrointestinal involvement (HR 4.73, 1.13–19.94), current steroid dose (HR 1.36,1.14–1.62), average cumulative steroid dose per year (HR 1.004, 1.002–1.005) and cyclophosphamide (HR 2.22, 1.11–4.46) were associated with serious infection. Hospitalization rates were significantly higher in those with any serious infection (Rate-ratio 2.79, 1.81–3.77) as was damage accrual (SLICC damage index 1.04 vs 0.22). Serious infection-free survival at 1 year and 5 years was 84% (79.1–89.2) and 72% (65.4–79.2). There were 19 deaths with infection attributable mortality in 10 (52.6%). Serious infection predisposed to higher overall mortality with recurrent infections conferring a hazard ratio of 36.02 (8.07–160.62).

Conclusion

Serious infections are a major cause of mortality and damage in SLE. Constitutional symptoms, gastrointestinal involvement, current and cumulative steroid dose and cyclophosphamide predict serious infections. TB prophylaxis in patients with SLE should be considered in endemic areas, especially when using high-dose steroid therapy.
Exploring Neobanks Adoption: A Study Among the Young Customers in Kerala Using Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Fathima Febeena KC  , Nishad T. Mohamed
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore the adoption and usage pattern of neobanks in Kerala using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) incorporated with trust and demographic characteristics. Data were collected from 210 young adults aged 17–35 through an online questionnaire. Hypotheses developed were tested using non-parametric tests like Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test in SPSS for demographic variables and partial least square-structural equation modelling (SEM) for the remaining variables. The results indicate that behavioural intention (BI) significantly influences actual neobank usage, with perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) that are crucial factors driving neobank acceptance. However, trust (T) does not significantly impact the BI to use neobanks among young customers but has a significant effect on PU. Additionally, gender emerges as significant demographic factor that affects neobank acceptance, while age, educational qualification, and occupation exhibit no significant effects. These insights help to identify key factors influencing neobank adoption, aiding in effective service expansion and business model development for neobanks. They also assist neobank managers in crafting marketing strategies that emphasize convenience and efficiency to attract and retain customers.
Balancing Collaboration with Autonomy: Civil Society and Agroecology Movement in India
Authors: Kuruganti Kavitha , Prasad C Shambu , Shah Kapil
Published: December 2024

Civil society has a critical role in bringing about the paradigm shift necessary for sustainability transitions in agriculture. It forms the backbone behind both scaling out and scaling up of these transitions. Its role as innovator, pioneer, campaigner, collaborator and co-creator of knowledge has been inadequately studied in the social movements, sustainability transitions and agroecology literature. This article traces the organic evolution of civil society action in India from the 1980s that reflects a rich and plural history, including a radical and early critique of the Green Revolution paradigm, rooting locally situated alternatives on farmers’ fields and co-creating a diverse set of concepts and practices based on principles from the emerging science of agroecology coupled with socio-economic concerns. As the Indian state aims to rapidly scale natural farming, there is a need for exploring more common ground beyond noisy contestations on terminology or treating civil society organisations (CSOs) as sub-contractors of government schemes. CSOs need to experiment with emerging large-scale opportunities by maintaining a delicate balance between being co-opted collaborators or reluctant partners. As a social movement, they should not lose sight of their recognition and ability to be voices for marginalised knowledge systems, innovators of alternatives and watchdogs of collective value-based action.
Book review: Uday Chandra, Resistance as Negotiation: Making States and Tribes in the Margins of Modern India
Authors: Shahdeo Kunal Nath
Published: December 2024

Uday Chandra, Resistance as Negotiation: Making States and Tribes in the Margins of Modern India (Stanford University Press, 2024), 340 pp. $75.00. ISBN: 9781503638112 (Hardback).
Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship: A Call for Research to Prospect and Establish the Scholarly AI Frontiers
Authors: Obschonka Martin , Grégoire Denis A. , Nikolaev Boris , Ooms Frédéric , Lévesque Moren , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Behrend Tara S.
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurship has entered a new era shaped by artificial intelligence (AI), demanding accelerated scholarly advances to keep pace with this transformative technology—yet this demands that academics bridge the gap between the AI revolution’s ambiguities and meaningful scholarly contributions. To motivate and guide future research on AI’s transformative role in entrepreneurship, we introduce an ongoing special issue in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice ( ETP) and outline multiple compelling opportunities for future research. Unlike typical editorials, we offer a prospective vision—rather than retrospective, after the articles have been accepted and published—at this project’s outset, to empower the field to prospect and establish new scholarly foundations in the relatively uncharted world of AI in the domain of entrepreneurship. Accordingly, we highlight the “AI PEN” (Prospecting and Establishing Nexus) as a desirable research approach to advance this literature going forward. We hope, and anticipate, that our invitation to submit proposals to this special issue facilitates novel empirical as well as theory-focused contributions to the literature.
Managing Health Without Stable Housing: Dimensions of Treatment Burden and Patient Capacity for People With Chronic Health Conditions Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Bowen Elizabeth , Anderson Amanda J. , Capozziello Nicole , Hewner Sharon
Published: December 2024

Although chronic health conditions and homelessness are prevalent problems in the United States and globally, little research has used the lens of burden of treatment theory to examine the experiences of people facing these challenges simultaneously. This study aimed to illuminate dimensions of treatment burden, which refers to the work of being a patient with chronic conditions, and patient capacity to manage this burden in a sample of people experiencing homelessness and chronic health problems in Buffalo, New York, United States. We completed in-depth interviews with men and women recruited from a homelessness services organization ( N = 27) and applied core concepts from burden of treatment theory to our analysis to probe how participants navigated tasks related to treatment and self-care. Using codebook thematic analysis involving three coders, results revealed four interconnected themes of complex coordination, self-monitoring, obtaining and using prescriptions and medical supplies, and communication and explaining health issues, which were confirmed through member checking ( N = 6). These dimensions of treatment burden were dynamically impacted by patient capacity factors—which included trauma, medical mistrust, health literacy, and social support—as well as by social determinants of health such as housing and income. Findings support the need for more formal collaboration mechanisms between healthcare providers and social service agencies, active involvement of patients in their health plans, and policies such as Housing First to improve access to stable and affordable housing and social services for people with complex health issues.
Opportunities for Incorporation of Primary Palliative Care in Acute Care Surgery: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lynn Anna Y. , Miller Samuel M. , Brackett Alexandria , Kodadek Lisa M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Palliative care is highly relevant to acute care surgery due to the patient populations and severity of illness. Efforts to routinely incorporate palliative care principles in the practice of acute care surgery by the primary surgical team may benefit patients and their families.

Methods

We present a narrative review of the literature examining the current state of incorporation of primary palliative care in acute care surgery, including basic principles and strategies, evolving approaches, limitations, and opportunities for growth.

Results

Implementation begins with early identification of patients who may benefit from primary palliative care. Primary palliative interventions may include medical symptom management, patient and caregiver support, and use of frameworks for communication in the setting of severe illness. Significant barriers to primary palliative care practice exist, including institutional differences in approaches to primary palliative care, socioeconomic and cultural factors, and varying patient and clinician perspectives about the role of primary palliative care. Over the last few decades, there has been increased awareness of a role for primary palliative care in acute care surgery, leading to recent advances in quality, education, and advocacy.

Conclusions

Despite the known benefits of primary palliative care, it is still underutilized in acute care surgical patients. Shifting attitudes toward primary palliative care are helping to increase its use in surgical settings as well as promote education for surgical trainees. However, it is important to recognize the many opportunities for improvement of primary palliative care incorporation in acute care surgery.
Pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture with fascicular median nerve injury: The role of neuromuscular ultrasound in diagnosis and management – a case report
Authors: Giray Esra , Keles Aslinur
Published: December 2024

Background

Supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common type of elbow fractures in children. Nerve injuries, primarily neuropraxia, are frequent complications and are often managed with a “wait-and-see” approach. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is the standard method for evaluating peripheral nerve injuries, while ultrasound (US) is valuable for localizing lesions.

Objective

This case report aims to highlight the beneficial role of US in the follow-up and rehabilitation of nerve injuries following pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.

Case presentation

A 4-year-old boy presented with a supracondylar humerus fracture that was treated with closed reduction and K-wire fixation. He exhibited weakness in the first two fingers of his left hand, difficulty grasping, and nail changes. Ultrasound revealed a median nerve lesion adjacent to the fracture site. ENMG indicated an acute severe axonal injury involving the branch innervating the flexor carpi radialis muscle. Following rehabilitation, there was improvement in hand grip strength, measured using a JAMAR hand dynamometer, and in health-related quality of life (QoL), assessed by the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) score. Follow-up ENMG showed signs of mild reinnervation.

Conclusion

Pre-ENMG ultrasound provides crucial information regarding which nerve should be examined with a nerve conduction study and identifies the initial muscle to be evaluated during needle EMG. This aids in accurately localizing nerve damage and guiding effective treatment.
Damned If You Do and Damned If You Don’t: A Theoretical Examination and Extension of CEO Activism
Authors: Fezzey Tyler N. A. , Drnevich Paul L. , Borgholthaus Cameron J.
Published: December 2024

The traditional responsibility of a CEO—prioritizing firm performance and shareholder returns—has become increasingly intertwined with expectations to actively engage with sociopolitical issues. These competing expectations have created a scenario where engaging, not engaging, or incorrectly engaging in CEO activism all carry the risk of alienating at least some stakeholders and undermining CEO and firm reputation and performance. Further, extant research has primarily focused on whether CEOs engage in activism rather than disentangling the heterogeneous ways by which they do so. We address these shortcomings and augment existing theory by comprehensively considering distinct CEO activism engagement strategies, their outcomes, and the moderators influencing relations between the two. Moreover, we illuminate the highly heterogeneous nature of CEO activism to better capture the phenomenon’s complexity. We first introduce the CEO Activism Decision Matrix—a typology of four unique activism engagement strategies based on the behavioral dimensions of CEO Talk (leveraging communicative power) and CEO Action (leveraging economic power), successfully addressing the heterogeneity in activism behaviors that existing theory has overlooked. We then present an integrative conceptual model that outlines the short- and long-term consequences and relevant moderators of CEO activism engagement and offer detailed recommendations for future research, including methodological guidance on operationalizing variables and designing research that can infer causality. Altogether, we demonstrate that although CEOs may find themselves “damned if you do, and damned if you don’t” engage in activism, they also have the potential to drive meaningful career, firm, and societal change based on how they choose to engage.
School Nurses' Perspectives on the Implementation of a Behavioral Health Referral Process
Authors: Habib Leila , Sadlon Rachel , Wise Tiffany , Doe Kafui , Garibay Lori , Price Olga Acosta
Published: December 2024

Increasing youth behavioral health needs in the United States have underscored the essential role school nurses can play in mitigating them. In response, the District of Columbia Department of Health developed the Behavioral Health Referral Process (BHRP) as a standardized guide, integrating school nurses into multidisciplinary teams and improving students' access to behavioral health services. To assess the BHRP's strengths and opportunities while understanding factors that could impact its implementation, key informant interviews were conducted using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework with seven school nurses and school nurse managers working in DC schools. Participants anticipated challenges related to the BHRP, from managing competing priorities to overcoming stigmas. Still, nurses reported the BHRP will enable a more coordinated referral process that promotes student linkage to care. The findings can inform efforts to assess and optimize school behavioral health referral processes as part of larger, comprehensive care systems.
School Nurse Practices Related to Blood Pressure Screening, and Identification and Monitoring of High Blood Pressures in Youth
Authors: Goulding Melissa , Branley Claire , O’Brien Mary Jane , Hayman Laura L. , Lemon Stephenie C.
Published: December 2024

Despite rising prevalence of high blood pressure among youth, literature on school nurses’ practices related to youth blood pressure is limited. We aimed to describe school nurses’ current practices related to blood pressure screening and identification and monitoring of high blood pressures. We conducted a web-based national survey of currently practicing school nurses and received 195 responses across 37 states. All participants reported having a blood pressure cuff, nearly all (98%) reported confidence measuring children's blood pressure, and 82% reported interest in doing more to support children's cardiovascular health. Blood pressure measurement by school nurses was common (73% reported “sometimes” or “often” and 25% reported “seldomly”). However, only 32% stated hypertension impacts their students and only 19% endorsed having enough time to complete all their necessary tasks. In describing school nurse's current practices related to youth blood pressure, we highlight opportunities for expanding this role and considerations for doing so.
Training UAS Pilots for Divided Attention Demands With Cognitive Tasks and NIST Courses
Authors: Scarince Collin , Moreno Miguel , Clausen Madison , Payne Tye
Published: December 2024

Uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) operators often monitor multiple channels of information, such as radio communications and tracking visual targets. We investigated how exposing pilots to divided attention tasks during flights impacted performance and their improvement with practice. Pilots completed a UAS course combined with visual and auditory cognitive tasks over several sessions. We found that flight efficiency and performance on the cognitive tasks decreased under divided attention. Flight performance also improved over the course of the sessions, including in conditions of divided visual attention. The tested procedure is promising for training purposes in which operators will encounter high cognitive demands.
Does Decompressive Chevron Osteotomy Decrease Subchondral Bone Density of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Hallux Rigidus?
Authors: Tanel Luca , Nogier Alexis , Van Rooij Floris , Agu Chinyelum , Saffarini Mo , Lalevee Matthieu , Beaudet Philippe
Published: December 2024

Background:

To investigate the impact of decompressive chevron osteotomy on subchondral bone density at the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.

Methods:

Sixteen feet (12 patients) with hallux rigidus underwent decompressive chevron osteotomy. Standing cone beam 3D computed tomography (3DCT) were assessed preoperatively and at 4-month follow-up, and clinical data were collected. Radiologic measurements, including bone density using Hounsfield units (HU), were conducted. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate changes and correlations.

Results:

Postoperative bone density significantly decreased in proximal (Pre, 650.9 ± 149.1; Post, 312.4 ± 115.9; P < .001) and distal (Pre, 910.4 ± 143.3; Post, 639.0 ± 167.1; P < .001) components of the first MTP joint and the first tarsometatarsal (TMT) (Pre, 762.9 ± 166.6; Post, 611.5 ± 165.9; P < .001) joint. No significant difference was measured at the tibiotalar joint (Pre, 497.5 ± 143.6; Post, 534.3 ± 130.7; P = .065). Length of the first metatarsal (Pre, 60.4 ± 3.4; Post, 54.3 ± 3.0; P < .001) and metatarsal protrusion index (MPI) (Pre, −0.9 ± 3.0; Post, −9.0 ± 3.6; P < .001) significantly decreased postoperatively. Clinical assessments showed significant improvements in pain on the visual analog scale (−5.3 ± 1.9).

Conclusion:

Decompressive chevron osteotomy leads to a significant decrease in subchondral bone density of the first MTP joint. A decrease in bone density occurs also in the first TMT joint.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, radiographic study.
Comparison of the Effects of Indobufen and Aspirin in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Prospective Randomized Single-Center Study
Authors: Wu Yeshun , Gao Zhenyan , Jin Qizhi , Zheng Jiasheng , Xu Hongqing , Tu Xiaoming
Published: December 2024

After coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT, usually aspirin in combination with a P2Y12 inhibitor) is necessary. However, older patients are prone to aspirin intolerance or resistance. Indobufen has been reported as an ideal alternative to aspirin. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of indobufen-based DAPT in this population, a total of 251 older patients (aged ≥65 years) undergoing coronary DES implantation in a tertiary healthcare facility in Quzhou, China, were enrolled, of which 110 received indobufen-based DAPT and 141 received aspirin-based DAPT. Baseline data, adverse reactions, adverse events, angina attacks, and repeated revascularization during 1-year follow-up were collected. At 1-year follow-up, creatinine, and left ventricular ejection fraction levels in the indobufen group were higher than those in the aspirin group, whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate levels were lower than those in the aspirin group. No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions or adverse events was found between the two groups. At 1-year follow-up, the incidence of angina in the indobufen group was significantly lower than that in the aspirin group, and the repeated revascularization rate was lower than that in the aspirin group. Indobufen-based DAPT was beneficial in avoiding repeated revascularizations (odds ratio 0.433, 95% CI 0.229-0.821, P = 0.010). These findings highlight that, for older patients who underwent coronary DES implantation, indobufen-based DAPT may be a better choice, which can effectively improve patients’ symptoms and prognosis. However, application to older patients with potential renal insufficiency requires caution.
Synergistic efficacy of orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine in controlling pediatric myopia progression: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Yang Yingying , Xiao Zhigang , Ouyang Jing , Guo Yan
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the combined efficacy of orthokeratology lenses and 0.01% atropine in controlling the progression of pediatric progressive myopia. The study, conducted retrospectively on 33 children aged 8–14, measured key parameters, including axial length growth, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), tear film breakup time (TBUT), and pupil diameter. The results revealed a significant reduction in axial length growth with the combined treatment compared to orthokeratology alone, while UCVA and IOP remained stable. TBUT decreased, and pupil diameter increased post-treatment. The findings suggest that combining orthokeratology with low-dose atropine offers a safe and effective strategy for managing pediatric myopia, particularly in younger patients.
Construction Inhibitors of Alternative Intersections and Interchanges: Insights from Claims and Supplemental Agreements
Authors: Bonilla Minerva , Rasdorf William
Published: December 2024

This study provides an evaluation of the performance of alternative (AII) versus conventional (CII) intersection and interchange designs by examining claims and supplemental agreements. Claims and supplemental agreements are requests for more time or money due to changes or additional work that were not included in the initial contract, and they have the potential to negatively impact on the cost and schedule of these projects. Using North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) data, normalized for compensation and schedule, it compares claim and supplemental agreement frequency and identifies inhibitors that negatively impact the construction of AII and CII designs. The main inhibitors that were identified for AII designs are utility conflicts, construction sequencing, signals and signage, traffic control, and material estimate changes. Findings indicate CIIs incur more claims than AIIs, and recommendations are provided to aim to reduce claims and supplemental agreements and enhance project success.
Manipulation in Organizational Research: On Executing and Interpreting Designs from Treatments to Primes
Authors: Schabram Kira F. , Myers Christopher G. , Hardin Ashley E.
Published: December 2024

While other applied sciences systematically distinguish between manipulation designs, organizational research does not. Herein, we disentangle distinct applications that differ in how the manipulation is deployed, analyzed, and interpreted in support of hypotheses. First, we define two archetypes: treatments, experimental designs that expose participants to different levels/types of a manipulation of theoretical interest, and primes, manipulations that are not of theoretical interest but generate variance in a state that is. We position these and creative derivations (e.g., interventions and invariant prompts) as specialized tools in our methodological kit. Second, we review 450 manipulations published in leading organizational journals to identify each type's prevalence and application in our field. From this we derive our guiding thesis that while treatments offer unique advantages (foremost establishing causality), they are not always possible, nor the best fit for a research question; in these cases, a non-causal but accurate test of theory, such as a prime design, may prove superior to a causal but inaccurate test. We conclude by outlining best practices for selection, execution, and evaluation by researchers, reviewers, and readers.
Prosthetic hip dislocation: a pilot multicentre observational study
Authors: Afzal Sadia , Ammori Mohannad Basil , Hodhody Ghazal , Kennedy James , Hoggett Lee , Board Tim ,   North West Orthopaedic Research Collaborative (NWORC)
Published: December 2024

Background:

Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful and cost-effective interventions for improving quality of life. Dislocation is a well-recognised complication with a significant health and economic burden. The aim of this study was to establish the current management practices for patients presenting with a prosthetic hip dislocation. This was measured through the primary outcome of definitive management, either in the form of revision surgery or the consideration for this through a referral pathway. The secondary outcome measured the number of dislocations per patient resulting in consideration for definitive management.

Methods:

Between January and July 2019, 186 patients who sustained a prosthetic hip dislocation were identified from 13 separate institutions. Data were retrospectively collected including patient demographics, co-morbidities, details of the arthroplasty, number of dislocations, and management, both in the acute setting and after discharge.

Results:

149 patients who sustained 200 dislocations were included. The median (interquartile range) interval between primary total hip arthroplasty and first dislocation was 6 (0–13) years. An urgent reduction was achieved either in the emergency department or operating theatre in 3 (1.5%) and 188 (94%) cases, respectively, and 2 (1%) underwent urgent revision. Only 55 patients (36.9%) received definitive management, either in the form of revision surgery or consideration for this. The number of dislocations was the only independent predictor of definitive management ( p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 1.332; 95% confidence intervals 1.130–1.570).

Conclusions:

There is a lack of consensus regarding the definitive management of patients with prosthetic hip dislocation. Our study highlights the need for a standardised pathway for the management of this complication. We aim to expand this study to a national level to propose a data-driven management algorithm for prosthetic hip dislocations.
The Role of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Cancer: A Review of Recent Advances in the Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Vlachou Evangelia , Johnson Burles Avner , Hoffman-Censits Jean
Published: December 2024

Locally advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy has remained the first-line treatment for decades and until recently no other treatment options existed. Today, novel agents called antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), including enfortumab vedotin (EV) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG), have been approved for la/mUC offering patients treatment options following or instead of traditional chemotherapy. The EV consists of the chemotherapy monomethyl auristatin E linked to anti-nectin-4 antibody. Single-agent response rates for EV are 40% to 52% including activity in patients with liver metastases, a phenotype associated with worse outcomes. In 2023, EV in combination with pembrolizumab almost doubled progression-free and overall survival versus platinum-based chemotherapy, which led to accelerated FDA approval as first-line treatment for all patients with la/mUC. Safety profile of EV monotherapy and combination with pembrolizumab is generally manageable with peripheral neuropathy and cutaneous toxicity among the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The SG is another ADC targeting TROP-2 with SN-38 as payload. It is approved as late-line treatment for la/mUC with ORR 27% and most common TRAEs include gastrointestinal symptoms and neutropenia. Finally, a recent cancer agnostic accelerated approval for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2-positive (IHC3+) solid tumors provides another active ADC option for biomarker-selected patients with treatment refractory la/mUC. Several new ADCs are being investigated in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. This review summarizes the clinical studies and real-world data regarding the use of ADCs in UC.
Industry professionals speak: It's all about messages – Except when it isn’t
Authors: Paterno David J
Published: December 2024

Engaging and guiding the public to accept new, green fuels carries manifold challenges for communication. This article employs interview data to explore how communications professionals in the Australian energy sector speak about communicative aspects of their jobs. One key finding is that research participants initially describe work to be about making and sending telemediated messages. When prompted for further detail, however, professionals acknowledge the weakness of this approach and stress the need – and incommensurable value of – direct person-to-person engagement. Implications for both communication practice and communication theory are connected to this finding and are discussed via a reformed process model of communication. In so doing, potential opportunities for closing the gap between what communications professionals do and what they would prefer to do in the future are illuminated.
New parties, new activism? A generational approach to party linkage in a multiparty system
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Floriano , Alves Vinícius
Published: December 2024

Over the past decades, increasing dissatisfaction with political parties and the rise of far-right populism have undermined the ability of party organizations to fulfill their traditional roles. In this context, new parties have emerged, offering alternatives for voters disillusioned with mainstream parties. This paper proposes a generational approach to examine whether the supporters of new parties exhibit distinct patterns of engagement and varying perceptions of democratic institutions. In order to explore incentives for engagement and compare the political attitudes of members from new and established parties, this paper relies on original data from the first national survey with party members in Brazil. Using multivariate analysis and experimental data, we first evaluate the appeal of enhancing intraparty democracy as a means of fostering party engagement in both old and new parties. Additionally, we assess whether members of new parties hold different attitudes toward key features of party politics compared to their counterparts in established parties. Our findings suggest that members of first-generation parties in Brazil demonstrate greater resistance to anti-democratic values. Furthermore, new members across all generations demonstrate greater skepticism regarding political institutions. These findings highlight the challenges facing contemporary democracies at both the organizational and individual levels.
Victims and actions: A personal perspective based on four decades of clinical research and practice
Authors: Valach Ladislav
Published: December 2024

Experience of war, terrorism, genocide and politicide manifests in suffering of the victims and survivors. Nevertheless, it is argued here, that, in engaging with these patients, we have to adopt an action theory informed conceptualization of the life of our clients and patients mobilizing their action resources and competences. After describing some experiences with victims of torture, their PTSD symptoms and suicidality are taken as an example to illustrate the contribution of action theory to understanding PTSD and to preventing suicide. This is a review of our research and psychotherapy practice of past four decades.
Youth, Interrupted? Young Adults, Time and the Future During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Van de Velde Cécile , Hardy Caroline , Boudreault Stephanie , Richard Julie , Tennessee Krystal
Published: December 2024

This article analyses how the pandemic reshapes young adults’ relationships with time and the future. While youth sociology has already highlighted the significant disruption of young adults’ daily temporalities, we emphasize the need to further explore young adults’ relationship with the « future » and its evolution in times of crisis. Using a life course perspective, we explore how the health crisis has affected not only the immediate time experiences of young adults but also their aspirations and their future outlook. Drawing on 48 life stories of young adults from various social backgrounds in Canada (Quebec and Ontario), we show that the pandemic represents a « shock of uncertainty » for all, necessitating rapid readjustments in one’s trajectory. Depending on living conditions and unequal capacities to « bounce back », life stories become divided into three main pandemic narratives: the fall or « stolen » time, the respite or « recovered » time, and the parenthesis or « suspended » time. Each of these narratives corresponds to a specific experience of the future, whether lost, reclaimed, or just on hold. We highlight how past vulnerabilities influence the very experience of the pandemic, and thus lead to different abilities to project into the future. The discussion identifies key lessons to take better account of time and the future in research on youth in a crisis context.
Revisiting the theoretical foundations of depoliticisation: A Gramscian state theory approach for an era of crisis
Authors: Wamsley Dillon
Published: December 2024

Despite voluminous research on depoliticisation, there is relatively little analysis of the theoretical perspectives underpinning the literature. Recently, depoliticisation has been reconceptualised as a contingent process examined at increasingly granular levels. While this contextualist approach has underscored the political character of depoliticisation, it has often neglected underlying structural and macro-political context. This article offers three contributions to depoliticisation literature. First, it reviews recent approaches, arguing that contextualist understandings of depoliticisation have narrowed the analytical focus of the literature. Second, it provides a comparison of two of the main theoretical frameworks underpinning depoliticisation literature, Open Marxism and Constructivist Institutionalism. It examines how their theories of the state, politics, and crisis have led to highly distinct understandings of depoliticisation and evaluates the insights and limitations of each approach. Third, the article proposes a Gramscian state theory approach to provide a macro-political perspective to understand the instabilities unfolding in capitalist democracies today.
Long COVID-19 outcomes of patients with pre-existing dementia
Authors: Hadidchi Roham , Pakan Rachel , Alamuri Tharun , Cercizi Noel , Al-Ani Yousef , Wang Stephen H , Henry Sonya , Duong Tim Q
Published: December 2024

Background

Although COVID-19 has been linked to worse acute outcomes in patients with some neurodegenerative disorders, its long-term impact on dementia remains unclear.

Objective

To investigate the outcomes of COVID-19 survivors with dementia.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated 9806 patients with dementia in the Montefiore Health System (January 2016 to July 2023). Comparisons were made between dementia patients with and without a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase-chain-reaction test who had a follow-up at least two weeks post-infection. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), new-onset dysphagia, dyspnea, fatigue, new-onset sleep disturbances, altered mental status, first-time fall, headache, new-onset depression, and new-onset anxiety. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were computed adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and pre-existing comorbidities.

Results

Dementia patients with COVID-19 were younger, more likely to be male, and had a higher prevalence of major pre-existing comorbidities compared to those without COVID-19. Patients who survived acute COVID-19 were more likely to die than non-COVID controls after adjusting for covariates (aHR = 1.65 [1.43, 1.91]). COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher risk of MACE (aHR = 1.58 [1.41, 1.78]), new-onset dysphagia (aHR = 1.64 [1.42, 1.91]), dyspnea (aHR = 1.27 [1.12, 1.44]), fatigue (aHR = 1.42 [1.22, 1.65]), new-onset sleep disturbances (aHR = 1.36 [1.15, 1.60]), altered mental status (aHR = 1.36 [1.16, 1.59]), and first-time fall (aHR = 1.34 [1.09, 1.65]).

Conclusions

COVID-19 increases the risk of mortality and other adverse health outcomes in dementia patients. These findings highlight the need for closer follow-up and management strategies for dementia patients post-COVID-19.
Multi-objective optimization of building envelope of rural housing in the severely cold region of China based on energy consumption, thermal comfort and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Zhai Xue , He Zijian , Wang Ran , Lu Shilei , Zhang Li
Published: December 2024

The performance of rural residential buildings has a great energy-saving potential due to the great spontaneity and ignorance of the rural residential construction. To solve this problem, this paper provides a multi-objective optimization model based on Chebyshev inequality. The model takes energy consumption, indoor thermal comfort, project cost as optimization objectives and considers operating conditions in winter and summer. This study taking a rural residential house as an example and analysed the influence of its envelope parameters on building performance using EnergyPlus. The parameters of the building envelope were optimized, which verified the superiority of the method. Optimization results showed that the heating energy consumption was reduced by 29%, and the air conditioning energy consumption was reduced by 6%. This study analysed the relationship between the building energy consumption, indoor thermal comfort and the cost by multi-objective optimization method, to provide a new research idea for rural residential research. Optimal design solutions were generated under various weighting coefficients. The model aimed to meet the climatic and economic conditions of northern China and similar regions. Therefore, based on these optimization results, decision-makers can choose optimal design and construction solutions according to their own will.
Feminism beyond welfare: care, socialisation and the politics of the state
Authors: Portella Eli
Published: December 2024

Feminism has long been concerned with the role of the state in facilitating the oppression of women on the one hand and mitigating this oppression on the other. Though much has been written on the function, effects and possibilities of the liberal welfare state, the same volume of study has not been devoted to more positive proposals about the role of the state as such. Discussion of positive proposals for state politics has not been entirely absent, but the discourse in feminist theory has been disproportionately focused on the critique of the liberal welfare state as an instrument of gender and family enforcement (i.e. social control) or, alternatively, on a defence of the welfare state, even with its potentially repressive dynamics, against right-wing austerity measures. In this article, these two views of the welfare state are examined through, first, socialist feminist critiques and, second, the criticism of and proposals for welfare by feminist care ethicists. I juxtapose these positions to show how debates about the welfare state are shaped by unspoken and potentially self-undermining assumptions about state power, planned economies and state provision. As an alternative, I counterpose the understudied thought of Marxist feminist Alexandra Kollontai, and, specifically, her model of universal state provision and the socialisation of care. I argue that Kollontai's account of the socialisation of care resolves not only the criticisms directed at capitalist welfare states but also those which have deterred feminist consideration of state planning as a means of gender liberation.
Putting the European Parliament's gender exceptionalism to the test: MEPs’ specialisation in masculine and feminine policy domains in parliamentary questions
Authors: Dodeigne Jeremy , Erzeel Silvia , Randour François
Published: December 2024

The European Parliament is often presented as a success story regarding women's representation. Yet, recent studies observe gendered patterns in parliamentary behaviour. This article contributes to this scholarship by studying gender differences in MEPs’ parliamentary behaviour on ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ policy domains. Analysing 136,787 parliamentary questions over 25 years (1994–2019), the study reveals moderate gender differences in MEPs’ behaviour. Moreover, gender differences are influenced by seniority and women's numerical presence in the European Parliament's political groups. Gender-stereotypical policy foci are more pronounced among newcomers and disappear for experienced MEPs. In political groups with fewer women, seniority is key for women MEPs seeking engagement in masculine policy domains. Overall, our findings underscore the interplay between gender, seniority, and women's presence in shaping MEPs’ parliamentary behaviour within the European Parliament’s gendered context.
A comprehensive framework of sustainable consumption behaviour in tourist destinations: A cross-country study
Authors: Sinha Rupa , Soliman Mohammad , Batabyal Debasish , Mahmod Shajjad , Hawas Al-Aamri Musallam S.
Published: December 2024

Underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the attitude-social influence-efficacy (ASE) model, this study develops an integrative framework to unveil the key antecedents and consequences of sustainable consumption behaviour (SCB) in tourist destinations. This research applied a quantitative approach, using an online survey to gather 744 responses from Oman and India. The PLS-SEM results depicted that visitors’ sustainable consumption intention (SCI) is affected by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Visitors’ SCI significantly influenced SCB, which in turn, impacted their well-being. The moderating impact of perceived risk is not supported. This work is among the first attempts to develop a comprehensive model to investigate the determinants and consequences of SCB. Additionally, it broadens the scant research on SCB conducted in India and Oman.