bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive entry guidance for the Tianwen-1 mission
Authors: Guo Minwen , Huang Xiangyu , Li Maodeng , Hu Jinchang , Xu Chao
Published: January 2022

To meet the requirements of the Tianwen-1 mission, adaptive entry guidance for entry vehicles, with low lift-to-drag ratios, limited control authority, and large initial state bias, was presented. Typically, the entry guidance law is divided into four distinct phases: trim angle-of-attack phase, range control phase, heading alignment phase, and trim-wing deployment phase. In the range control phase, the predictor—corrector guidance algorithm is improved by planning an on-board trajectory based on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) entry guidance algorithm. The nominal trajectory was designed and described using a combination of the downrange value and other states, such as drag acceleration and altitude rate. For a large initial state bias, the nominal downrange value was modified onboard by weighing the landing accuracy, control authority, and parachute deployment altitude. The biggest advantage of this approach is that it allows the successful correction of altitude errors and the avoidance of control saturation. An overview of the optimal trajectory design process, including a discussion of the design of the initial flight path angle, relevant event trigger, and transition conditions between the four phases, was also presented. Finally, telemetry data analysis and post-flight assessment results were used to illustrate the adaptive guidance law, create good conditions for subsequent parachute reduction and power reduction processes, and gauge the success of the mission.
Towards the analysis of coral skeletal density-banding using deep learning
Authors: Rutterford Ainsley , Bertini Leonardo , Hendy Erica J. , Johnson Kenneth G. , Summerfield Rebecca , Burghardt Tilo
Published: January 2022

X-ray micro–computed tomography (µCT) is increasingly used to record the skeletal growth banding of corals. However, the wealth of data generated is time consuming to analyse for growth rates and colony age. Here we test an artificial intelligence (AI) approach to assist the expert identification of annual density boundaries in small colonies of massive Porites spanning decades. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained with µCT images combined with manually labelled ground truths to learn banding-related features. The CNN successfully predicted the position of density boundaries in independent images not used in training. Linear extension rates derived from CNN-based outputs and the traditional method were consistent. In the future, well-resolved 2D density boundaries from AI can be used to reconstruct density surfaces and enable studies focused on variations in rugosity and growth gradients across colony 3D space. We recommend the development of a community platform to share annotated images for AI.
Effect of process conditions on generation of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide from simulated lithium chloride solution using bipolar membrane electrodialysis
Authors: Tian Huan , Yan Xinxing , Zhou Fu , Xu Chuan , Li Chao , Chen Xin , He Xia
Published: January 2022

A feasibility study was carried out on generation of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide from the simulated lithium chloride solution using EX3B model bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The influence of a series of process parameters, such as feed concentration, initial acid and base concentration in device component, feed solution volume, and current density were investigated. In addition, the maximum achievable concentrations of HCl and LiOH, the average current efficiency, and specific energy consumption were also studied and compared in this paper to the existing literature. Higher LiCl concentrations in the feed solution were found to be beneficial in increasing the final concentrations of HCl and LiOH, as well as improving current efficiency while decreasing specific energy consumption. However, when its concentration was less than 4 g/L, the membrane stack voltage curve of BMED increased rapidly, attributed to the higher solution resistance. Also low initial concentration of acid and base employed in device component can improve the current efficiency. Increasing of the initial concentration of acid and base solution lowered energy consumption. Moreover, a high current density could rapidly increase HCl and LiOH concentration and enhance water movements of BMED process, but reduced the current efficiency. The maximum achievable concentration of HCl and LiOH generated from 130 g/L LiCl solution were close to 3.24 mol/L and 3.57 mol/L, respectively. In summary, the present study confirmed the feasible application for the generation of HCl and LiOH from simulated lithium chloride solution with BMED.
Anthropogenic land-use and environmental factors affecting the species richness and occurrence of carnivores in the Faragosa-Fura Landscape of Southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebo Berhanu , Takele Serekebirhan , Shibru Simon
Published: January 2022

Anthropogenic land-use changes pose significant threats to the diversity and occurrence of wildlife species around the world. We investigated how land-use and environmental factors affect the richness and occurrence of carnivore species in the Faragosa-Fura Landscape of the Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia. We used the line transect method to collect data, combining three complementary field survey techniques: sign survey, camera trapping, and opportunistic sighting surveys. We confirmed the presence of 12 carnivore species belonging to six families, including the vulnerable Felidae species Panthera pardus. More species were found in the family’s Felidae and Herpestidae, while Hyaenidae and Mustelidae were composed of a single species each. The two large-sized species identified were Panthera pardus and Crocuta crocuta. The species richness was the highest in wetlands, while it was the lowest in the settlement. The occurrence of most carnivores was negatively associated with agricultural land and settlements, while they were positively associated with wetlands and altitude. Genetta genetta had the highest occurrence, while Panthera pardus had the lowest in the area. We concluded that of the studied habitats, wetlands are the most important, and anthropogenic land-uses have a negative impact on species richness. Our findings provide valuable baseline data for stakeholders making critical conservation decisions as well as researchers conducting related ecological studies in a human-dominated landscape. Based on our findings, we propose a basic approach for integrating land management and wildlife conservation.

Article Highlights

Twelve carnivore species belonging to six families were identified; only two were large-sized.

The species richness was the highest in wetlands, while it was the lowest in settlements and agricultural land.

Most species tended to have positive associations with higher altitudes and wetlands and negative associations with settlements, agricultural land, and roads.

Our finding highlights valuable baseline data for critical conservation decisions as well as researchers in a human-dominated landscape.
Do we still need psychological self-report questionnaires in the age of the Internet of Things?
Authors: Montag Christian , Dagum Paul , Hall Brian J. , Elhai Jon D.
Published: January 2022

Digital data are abundantly available for researchers in the age of the Internet of Things. In the psychological and psychiatric sciences such data can be used in myriad ways to obtain insights into mental states and traits. Most importantly, such data allow researchers to record and analyze behavior in a real-world context, a scientific approach which was expensive and difficult to conduct until only recently. Much research in recent years linked digital footprints to self-report questionnaire data, likely to demonstrate proof of concept(s)—for instance linking socializing on the smartphone to self-reported extraversion (a personality trait linked to socializing)—in the sciences investigating the human mind. The present perspective piece reflects on this approach by revisiting recent work which has been carried out mining smartphone log and social media data and questions if and when self-report data will still be of relevance in psychological/psychiatric research in the near future.
Progressing the construct of enjoyment: conceptualizing enjoyment as a proactive process
Authors: Kawabata Masato , Mallett Clifford J.
Published: January 2022

Enjoyment is an important psychological construct in many life domains. Despite the importance of the construct, conceptual clarity in what enjoyment is remains elusive. The elusive understanding of enjoyment is probably caused by conceptual ambiguity of the construct and a confusion in the public usage between hedonic and eudaimonic qualities of positive feelings. The hedonic quality of positive feelings (e.g., fun) reflects the simple attainment of desires; whereas the eudaimonic quality of positive feelings (e.g., joy) reflects fulfilling or realizing one’s true nature through full functioning of one’s ability. To better understand this important construct of enjoyment, we conducted a focused review of relevant literature. In the first section, relevant literature was reviewed to identify conceptual ambiguities contributing to why enjoyment has remained an elusive construct in research. In the second section, an operational conceptualization of enjoyment was proposed from integrative perspectives to overcome the identified issues. We proposed operationally conceptualizing enjoyment asa proactive behavioral and psychological process towards the eudaimonic or hedonic qualities of positive feelings. In this process, the individual appraises the situation in a positive way and commits oneself to savoring the situation and engaging in the task to have positive feelings of joy and fun. We explained why the operational conceptualization is important and useful from theoretical, empirical, and practical perspectives. In doing so, we also proposed possible future research directions with the operational conceptualization of enjoyment.
Fostering Tobacco Regulatory Team Science through a multisite, virtual fellowship program for early-career researchers
Authors: Ajayi Tinuola B. , Childs Ellen , Di Frances Remein Christy , Forbush Leigh R. , Ragasa Justin B. , Fetterman Jessica L. , Hirsch Glenn A. , Benjamin Emelia J.
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

In an era of complex, multi-institutional, team-based science, there is little guidance for the successful creation of effective, collaborative, multisite training programs.

Objective:

We designed, implemented, and evaluated a multi-institutional Tobacco Regulatory Science (TRS) fellowship representing a scalable program that may be customized for other research areas.

Methods:

Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed program evaluations from trainees enrolled in the first 7 years of the American Heart Association (AHA) Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC) fellowship (2014–2021). We also reported the program outcomes, including published TRS manuscripts, independent grant funding, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Docket comments submitted on TRS topics, TRS oral and poster presentations, research awards, and promotions in the TRS field.

Results:

Thirty-five unique trainees (49% [n = 17] female, 29% [n = 10] Black) from eight institutions within the A-TRAC network participated in the fellowship since its inception. The trainees reported 74 TRS publications, 78 TRS oral or poster presentations, 25 FDA Docket comment submissions, and 13 funded grant awards. Participant evaluations indicated six areas of programmatic strength: 1) blended instruction medium with webinars and in-person meetings, 2) curricular emphasis on theories of experiential learning, 3) focus on career and professional development, 4) integrated mentorship model, 5) culture of feedback and feedforward to foster successful learning, and 6) focus on recruiting diverse participants. The A-TRAC model stresses experiential education, feedback and feedforward, and peer learning.

Conclusions:

Our resource-effective, needs-driven program is a reproducible model for institutions interested in developing multisite, virtual research education programs in the era of team science.
Multilocus Inherited Neoplasia Allele Syndrome (MINAS): an update
Authors: McGuigan Anthony , Whitworth James , Andreou Avgi , Hearn Timothy ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Ambrose J. C. , Arumugam P. , Bevers R. , Bleda M. , Boardman-Pretty F. , Boustred C. R. , Brittain H. , Caulfield M. J. , Chan G. C. , Fowler T. , Giess A. , Hamblin A. , Henderson S. , Hubbard T. J. P. , Jackson R. , Jones L. J. , Kasperaviciute D. , Kayikci M. , Kousathanas A. , Lahnstein L. , Leigh S. E. A. , Leong I. U. S. , Lopez F. J. , Maleady-Crowe F. , McEntagart M. , Minneci F. , Moutsianas L. , Mueller M. , Murugaesu N. , Need A. C. , O‘Donovan P. , Odhams C. A. , Patch C. , Perez-Gil D. , Pereira M. B. , Pullinger J. , Rahim T. , Rendon A. , Rogers T. , Savage K. , Sawant K. , Scott R. H. , Siddiq A. , Sieghart A. , Smith S. C. , Sosinsky A. , Stuckey A. , Tanguy M. , Taylor Tavares A. L. , Thomas E. R. A. , Thompson S. R. , Tucci A. , Welland M. J. , Williams E. , Witkowska K. , Wood S. M. , Tischkowitz Marc , Maher Eamonn R.
Published: January 2022

Multi-locus Inherited Neoplasia Allele Syndrome (MINAS) refers to individuals with germline pathogenic variants in two or more cancer susceptibility genes(CSGs). With increased use of exome/genome sequencing it would be predicted that detection of MINAS would become more frequent. Here we review recent progress in knowledge of MINAS. A systematic literature search for reports of individuals with germline pathogenic variants in 2 or more of 94 CSGs was performed. In addition, participants with multiple primary tumours who underwent genome sequencing as part of the Rare Disease arm of the UK 100,000 Genomes Project were interrogated to detect additional cases. We identified 385 MINAS cases (211 reported in the last 5 years, 6 from 100,000 genomes participants). Most (287/385) cases contained at least one pathogenic variant in either BRCA1 or BRCA2. 108/385 MINAS cases had multiple primary tumours at presentation and a subset of cases presented unusual multiple tumour phenotypes. We conclude that, as predicted, increasing numbers of individuals with MINAS are being have been reported but, except for individuals with BRCA1/BRCA2 MINAS, individual CSG combinations are generally rare. In many cases it appears that the clinical phenotype is that which would be expected from the effects of the constituent CSG variants acting independently. However, in some instances the presence of unusual tumour phenotypes and/or multiple primary tumours suggests that there may be complex interactions between the relevant MINAS CSGs. Systematic reporting of MINAS cases in a MINAS database (e.g. https://databases.lovd.nl/shared/diseases/04296) will facilitate more accurate prognostic predictions for specific CSG combinations.
Introduction
Authors: Frei H. , Esposito D. V.
Published: January 2022

Following a brief mention of the vital importance of thin oxide layers in the technological development of civilizations over millennia and their ubiquity in Nature, the significance of the advent of nanoscience that enabled the development of ultrathin layers for a wealth of energy-related applications over the past couple of decades is emphasized. Key chemical and physical properties of metal oxide nanolayers and their tunability are described, followed by brief introductions to individual chapters that highlight the connections between them.
Oxide Coatings for Semiconductor Light Absorbers: Advanced Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Davis B. E. , Garland B. M. , Strandwitz N. C.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses ultrathin oxides as applied to silicon and to a lesser extent III–V semiconductors primarily in the context of solid-state photovoltaics and photoelectrochemical fuel generators. The general reasons for the use of these oxides and some important vocabulary are first introduced. A discussion of various techniques for the creation of thin oxide films follows with a focus on the often-employed atomic layer deposition technique. The chapter concludes with three different case studies. First, the use of thin oxide films for photoelectrochemical applications is discussed, where the primary objective is to prevent corrosion reactions. Second, passivation of surface defects for solid-state photovoltaics is discussed, with a focus on aluminum oxide. Third, the role of these materials in carrier-selective contacts in photovoltaics is discussed.
Synthesis Techniques for Ultrathin Oxide Layers of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Lu Zheng , Elam Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2022

Heterogeneous catalysis is enormously important in industrial chemical processing. Catalyst deactivation is a ubiquitous problem and the cost of catalyst regeneration significantly impacts the economics of catalytic processing. The use of ultrathin metal oxide coatings to encapsulate catalysts offers the possibility of inhibiting catalyst deactivation. This chapter introduces synthesis techniques for preparing ultrathin metal oxide layers to encapsulate heterogeneous catalysts with an emphasis on atomic layer deposition.
Ultrathin Oxide Coatings Synthesized Via Wet Chemical Processes for Electrocatalytic Systems
Authors: Xing Y.
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes wet chemical processes for making ultrathin metal oxide coatings and their use in electrocatalytic systems. It is limited to solution-based processes such as the sol–gel deposition (SGD) and the condensed layer deposition (CLD) techniques. Only coatings in the sub-nanometer range (<10 nm), herein referred to as nanocoatings, are discussed. Thicker coatings that are often more easily obtained are not considered. Further, the discussion is centered around coatings made on the commonly used electrode substrate material carbon, in different forms, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon black. Examples are focused on titanium oxide and niobium oxide nanocoatings, which exhibit good stability in acidic electrolytes and possess properties that can be modified by adding dopants. Applications are focused on the use of oxide-encapsulated electrocatalyst supports in acidic electrolytes for electrochemical oxygen reduction.
Applications of Metal Oxide Layers on Particulate Photocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Pan Z. , Hisatomi T. , Domen K.
Published: January 2022

Photocatalytic water splitting represents a promising approach for converting renewable solar energy into hydrogen energy, and the surface engineering of photocatalysts and co-catalysts is the key to developing such photocatalytic systems. Metal oxide layers are especially advantageous in this regard, for several reasons. These layers can suppress backward reactions on co-catalysts or photocatalysts, increase the hydrophilicity of photocatalyst surfaces, passivate photocatalyst surfaces, modify the redox selectivity of these materials, and protect photocatalysts from (photo)corrosion. This chapter summarizes the primary applications of metal oxide layers in photocatalytic systems, and examines various means of optimizing the associated chemical processes.
Utilization of BODIPY-based redox events to manipulate the Lewis acidity of fluorescent boranes
Authors: Thompson Brena L. , Kieffer Ian A. , Heiden Zachariah M.
Published: January 2022

This report describes the incorporation of BODIPY dyes into the ligand framework of a borane to generate a family of molecular boranes that are capable of exhibiting tunable Lewis acidities through BODIPY-based redox events.
Progress in Mo/W-based electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia under ambient conditions
Authors: Zeng Libin , Qiao Zhi , Peng Xianyun , Liu Zhibin , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Wu Gang , Hou Yang
Published: January 2022

We present a mini review focusing on the current development of Mo/W-based electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia under ambient conditions.
Near-infrared vapochromism in lipid-packaged mixed-valence coordination polymers
Authors: Nagai Yuki , Morikawa Masa-aki , Kimizuka Nobuo
Published: January 2022

Reversible vapochromism in the NIR region is achieved for a lipid-packaged mixed-valence platinum complex via exclusion of crystallization water that alters the lipid molecular orientation, the 1D coordination structure, and the electronic state.
Photo-sensitive hybrids constructed from diphenyliodonium and metal-thiocyanates: photo-induced structure and property transformations
Authors: Song Kai-Yue , Yang Zhen-Cong , Zhou Pan-Ke , Zong Lu-Lu , Li Hao-Hong , Jiang Rong , Chen Zhi-Rong
Published: January 2022

New hybrids constructed from diphenyliodonium and metal thiocyanates have been prepared, and their photo-induced structural transformations and corresponding color/fluorescence/magnetism variations have been investigated.
Unravelling the mechanism of glucose binding in a protein-based fluorescence probe: molecular dynamics simulation with a tailor-made charge model
Authors: Pang Ziwei , Sokolov Monja , Kubař Tomáš , Elstner Marcus
Published: January 2022

We use MD simulations to investigate the mechanism of glucose binding in the GGBP-Badan triple mutant and the wild-type protein. The simulations also give an insight into the changes of the chromophore conformations upon glucose binding.
Tunable magnetoelectric coupling and electrical features in an ultrathin Cr2Si2Te6/In2Se3 heterostructure
Authors: Ji Shilei , Fu Xin , Wang Yile , Li Xianzhi , Quan Chuye , Wu Hong , Li Xing’ao , Li Feng , Pu Yong
Published: January 2022

A non-volatile magnetoelectric memory device has been prepared by first-principles calculations to achieve Ohmic contact-Schottky contact switching.
Electronic structures of the MoS2/TiO2(anatase) heterojunction: influence of physical and chemical modifications at the 2D- or 1D-interfaces
Authors: Favre Rémi , Raybaud Pascal , Le Bahers Tangui
Published: January 2022

The type of heterojunction (I, II, or Z-scheme) is tuned by the nature (2D-physical or 1D-chemical) of the interaction between MoS2and TiO2surface.
Demystifying mercury geochemistry in contaminated soil–groundwater systems with complementary mercury stable isotope, concentration, and speciation analyses
Authors: McLagan D. S. , Schwab L. , Wiederhold J. G. , Chen L. , Pietrucha J. , Kraemer S. M. , Biester H.
Published: January 2022

A holistic multi-analyses (led by Hg stable isotope analysis), multi-media, multi-site approach to improving contaminated site Hg geochemistry, particularly process tracing.
Out-of-plane faradaic ion concentration polarization: stable focusing of charged analytes at a three-dimensional porous electrode
Authors: Berzina Beatrise , Kim Sungu , Peramune Umesha , Saurabh Kumar , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Anand Robbyn K.
Published: January 2022

A three-dimensional flow-through electrode is shown to avoid loss of analytes during their preconcentration by electrokinetic focusing. An additional bed of insulating microbeads enhances focusing and minimizes unwanted electroconvective mixing.
Wood-based composite materials for ultralight lens antennas in 6G systems
Authors: Kokkonen Mikko , Nelo Mikko , Liimatainen Henrikki , Ukkola Jonne , Tervo Nuutti , Myllymäki Sami , Juuti Jari , Jantunen Heli
Published: January 2022

Example of square and lens shaped samples made of nanocellulose-glass composite (WNF–HGMS) for 6G antennas. Scale bar: 1 cm.
An iron-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of cycloketone oxime esters, alkenes, DABCO·(SO2)2 and trimethylsilyl azide
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Junwei , Chang Xiaotong , Wang Peiqi , Xia Jiemin , Wu Jie
Published: January 2022

The synthesis of β-azidosulfones starting from alkenes, cycloketone oxime esters, trimethylsilyl azide and a sulfur dioxide surrogate of DABCO·(SO2)2 under iron catalysis is developed.
Magnetic nanoprobes for rapid detection of copper ion in aqueous environment by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Hsieh Min-Ying , Huang Po-Jung
Published: January 2022

Magnetic SERS probes can rapidly detect copper ions within high precision and accuracy.
Positively-charged plasmonic nanostructures for SERS sensing applications
Authors: Turino Mariacristina , Pazos-Perez Nicolas , Guerrini Luca , Alvarez-Puebla Ramon A.
Published: January 2022

Integration of ligands equipped with quaternary amines on plasmonic surfaces generates positively-charged nanomaterials suitable for electrostatically binding negatively-charged species paving the way for their application in SERS sensing.
Construction of a Au@MoS2 composite nanosheet biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of a neurotransmitter and understanding of its mechanism based on DFT calculations
Authors: Lu Kaida , Liu Jiamei , Dai Xinyue , Zhao Li , Yang Yufei , Li Hui , Jiang Yanyan
Published: January 2022

An electrochemical biosensor based on Au@MoS2 composite nanosheets was successfully prepared for the high-sensitivity detection of dopamine.
A ratiometric luminescence nanoprobe based on layered terbium hydroxide nanosheets for quantitative detection of an anthrax biomarker
Authors: Li Jinyan , Gu Qingyang , Heng Hui , Wang Ziwei , Jin Haibo , He Jing
Published: January 2022

A novel ratiometric luminescence nanoprobe based on layered terbium hydroxide nanosheets can selectively detect dipicolinic acid, which is an anthrax biomarker.
Bichannel design inspired by membrane pump: a rate booster for the conversion-type anode of sodium-ion battery
Authors: Yin Bo , He Haiyong , Lin Jiande , Hong Youran , Cheng Boshi , Zhu Lin , He Hualong , Ma Mingchan , Wang Jiangwei
Published: January 2022

The hierarchical carbon, i.e. the internal carbon network and external carbon shell, as the transport pathway of electrons and pyrophosphate as a conductor of Na+ are integrated to promote the sodium storage performance of the conversion-type anode.
Large energy-storage density and positive electrocaloric effect in xBiFeO3–(1 − x)BaTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Tang Hui , Niu Xiang , Zhao Peng-Fei , Tang Xin-Gui , Jian Xiao-Dong , Chen Xian-Yi , Peng Xiao-Cao , Yang Zhi-Peng , Lu Sheng-Guo
Published: January 2022

Large energy storage density and big electrocaloric strength in the BiFeO3–BaTiO3 system.
Color-tuning Pt(ii) complexes for natural-light electrophosphorescence
Authors: Wu D. , Qin K. , Gao X. , Cheng S. , Wu A. , Sha C. , Ma H. , Sun Z. , Zhang C. , Hang X.-C.
Published: January 2022

Efficient and durable OLEDs of cyan, greenish yellow, yellow and white colors were fabricated in simple structures with Pt–Cpy bonded complexes, giving state-of-the-art tuning the color of electroluminescence.
Recent progress in pyrazinacenes containing nonbenzenoid rings: synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Kang Fangyuan , Yang Jie , Zhang Qichun
Published: January 2022

This review focuses on the recent progress in the inclusion of a nonbenzenoid ring into the π-backbone of azaacenes, which can largely tune absorption, energy levels, and antiaromaticity, and produce exciting size-dependent properties.
Spiro donor–acceptor TADF emitters: naked TADF free from inhomogeneity caused by donor acceptor bridge bond disorder. Fast rISC and invariant photophysics in solid state hosts
Authors: Franca Larissa Gomes , Danos Andrew , Monkman Andrew
Published: January 2022

The molecular photophysics of 10-phenyl-10H,10′H-spiro[acridine-9,9′-anthracen]-10′-one (ACRSA) are used as an ideal molecule to probe how external factors affect the TADF and rISC mechanisms.
Aromatic-imide-based TADF enantiomers for efficient circularly polarized electroluminescence
Authors: Wang Yin-Feng , Liu Xun , Zhu Yongheng , Li Meng , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: January 2022

A pair of chiral aromatic-imide-based TADF emitters were conveniently constructed for the fabrication of highly efficient CP-OLEDs.
Adjusting the energy gap and interface effect of titania nanosheets synergistically enhances the energy storage performance of PVDF-based composites
Authors: Zhu Congcong , Liu Xiaoxu , Feng Yu , Li Jialong , Li Yanpeng , Zhao He , Yue Dong , Yin Jinghua
Published: January 2022

Enhanced energy densities of polymers by simultaneously adjusting the energy gap and enhancing the interface effect of the 2D nanosheets.
Color brightness modulation of a responsive photonic liquid for multicolored electrochromic displays
Authors: Song Shaoxin , Liu Yang , Liu Xuejuan , Ge Jianping , Ge Dengteng , Yang Lili
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate an effective strategy for brightness modulation via the surface charge treatment of electrodes. The brightness can be raised by 110% due to the growth of a colloidal lattice.
Online von- und miteinander lernen – COPILOT-Projekt
Authors: Weinand Vivienne , Pott Ulla
Published: January 2022

Nur eine kleine Zahl der Ergotherapie-Studierenden hat die Möglichkeit, einen Teil des Studiums im Ausland zu absolvieren und dadurch internationale sowie inter-kulturelle Erfahrungen zu sammeln. Um auch ihnen einen Austausch anzubieten, wurde das COPILOT-Projekt ins Leben gerufen, das ein digitales Vernetzen in Europa ermöglicht.
Barrierefreier Internetauftritt – Praxiswebsite ohne Hürden
Authors: Gräfe Ann-Kathrin
Published: January 2022

Das Internet ist für alle da – theoretisch. Die eigene Website auch Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen zugänglich zu machen, kann aber eine Herausforderung sein. Die folgenden Tipps zeigen, worauf es ankommt.
Repercussion of cAMP and EPAC in Memory and Signaling
Authors: Naz Sabreena , Mahmood Tarique , Ahsan Farogh , Rizvi Ali Abbas , Shamim Arshiya
Published: January 2022

It is well recognized that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling within
neurons plays a key role in the foundation of long-term memories. Memory storage
is the process that demands the movement of signals, neural plasticity, and the
molecules which can transfer the signals from the sensory neuron to the dorsal
root ganglion (DRG) neurons and later into the temporal region of the brain. The
discovery of cAMP in 1958 as the second messenger also had a role in memory
formation and other neural aspects. Further, in 1998 the scientists found that
cAMP does not just activate protein kinase A (PKA) but also exchange protein
directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which has an active role to play in
hyperalgesia, memory, and signaling. The cAMP has three targets,
hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide modulated (HCN) channels, protein
kinase A (PKA), and exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac). Different
research has exposed that both PKA and HCN channels are significant for
long-term memory creation. Epac is a cAMP-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange
factor for the small G proteins including Rap1. However, slight information is
there about the role of Epac in this process. The effects of cAMP are
predominantly imparted by activating protein kinase A (PKA) and the more newly
discovered exchange proteins are directly activated by cAMP 1 and 2 (EPAC1 and
EPAC2). This review provides an insight regarding the function and role of both
of these secondary messengers in memory and nerve signaling.
Ein Gewinn für alle Beteiligten – Zusammenarbeit von Ergo- und Psychotherapie
Authors: Hügin Judith , Bloutian-Walloschek Manush , Sayferth-Frank Melanie
Published: January 2022

Eine Psychotherapeutin und zwei Ergotherapeutinnen ziehen Bilanz, nachdem es inzwischen seit einem Jahr möglich ist, dass Psychotherapeut*innen Ergotherapie verordnen können. Sie berichten von ihren bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit und was sich noch tun muss.
Folgenschwerer Konsum – Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörung
Authors: Landgraf Mirjam N.
Published: January 2022

Mütterlicher Alkoholkonsum während der Schwangerschaft kann zu neurokognitiven Beeinträchtigungen und morphologischen Veränderungen beim Kind führen, die unter dem Oberbegriff „Fetale Alkoholspektrumstörung“ (FASD) zusammengefasst werden. Die FASD geht mit erheblichen Einschränkungen der selbstständigen Alltags- und Lebensgestaltung einher – im Kindes- und Jugendalter ebenso wie im Erwachsenenalter.
Das „Menschlein“ im Laufe der Zeit – Homunkulus
Authors: Hotz Boendermaker Sabina
Published: January 2022

1950 erschien das erste Buch über ihn. Mit den unproportionierten Körperteilen, den langen Fingern, den dicken Lippen und der großen Zunge hat der Homunkulus – lateinisch für „Menschlein“ – einen bleibenden Eindruck hinterlassen. Bis heute repräsentiert er den Körper des Menschen im Gehirn. Zeit, zu schauen, was sich über die Jahre bei ihm verändert hat.
Tracing the evolution of bioluminescent light organs across the deep-sea shrimp family Sergestidae using a genomic skimming and phylogenetic approach
Authors: Golightly Charles , DeLeo Danielle M. , Perez Nicole , Chan Tin-Yam , Landeira José M. , Bracken‐Grissom Heather D.
Published: January 2022

Deep-sea shrimp of the family Sergestidae Dana, 1852 provide a unique system for studying the evolution of bioluminescence. Most species within the family possess autogenic bioluminescent photophores in one of three distinct forms: lensed photophores; non-lensed photophores; or internal organs of Pesta. This morphological diversity across the Sergestidae has resulted in recent major taxonomic revisions, dividing the two major genera (Sergia Stimpson, 1860 and Sergestes Milne Edwards, 1830) into 15. The present study capitalises on molecular data to construct an updated genus-level phylogeny of sergestid shrimp. DNA was successfully extracted from ~87 individuals belonging to 13 of the 15 newly proposed genera. A ‘genome skimming’ approach was implemented, allowing the capture of mitochondrial genomic data across 19 sergestid species. Additional individuals have been incorporated into the phylogeny through Sanger sequencing of both nuclear (H3 and NAK) and mitochondrial (16S and COI) genes. The resulting molecular phylogeny is compared with previous morphological trees with specific attention to genus-level relationships. The -sergestes group was rendered non-monophyletic and the -sergia group was recovered as monophyletic. Ancestral state reconstructions of light organ type indicate that organs of Pesta is the ancestral state for the family. Non-lensed photophores evolved once across the -sergia group, but were later lost in the deepest living genus, Sergia. Lensed photophores also evolved once within the genera Prehensilosergia Vereshchaka, Olesen & Lunina, 2014, Lucensosergia Vereshchaka, Olesen & Lunina, 2014 and Challengerosergia Vereshchaka, Olesen & Lunina, 2014. These findings identify preliminary patterns across light organ type and species’ depth distributions; however, future research that incorporates finer-scale depth data and more species is needed to confirm our findings.
CellCelector™ as a platform in isolating primary B cells for antibody discovery
Authors: Matochko Wadim L , Nelep Constantin , Chen Weihsu C , Grauer Stephanie , McFadden Karyn , Wilson Vicki , Oxenoid Kirill
Published: January 2022

The most robust strategy in antibody discovery is the use of immunized animals and the ability to isolate and immortalize immune B-cells to hybridoma for further interrogation. However, capturing the full repertoire of an immunized animal is labor intensive, time consuming and limited in throughput. Therefore, techniques to directly mine the antibody repertoire of primary B-cells are of great importance in antibody discovery. In the current study, we present a method to isolate individual antigen-specific primary B-cells using the CellCellector™ single-cell isolation platform from XenoMouse® (XM) immunized with a recombinant therapeutic protein, EGFR. We screened a subset of CD138+ B-cells and identified 238 potential EGFR-specific B-cells from 1189 antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and isolated 94 by CellCellector. We identified a diverse set of heavy chain complementarity-determining region sequences and cloned and expressed 20 into a standard human immunoglobulin G1 antibody format. We further characterized and identified 13 recombinant antibodies that engage soluble and native forms of EGFR. By extrapolating the method to all 400 000 CD138+ B-cells extracted from one EGFR immunized XM, a potential 1196 unique EGFR-specific antibodies could be discovered. CellCelector allows for interrogating the B-cell pool directly and isolating B-cells specific to the therapeutic target of interest. Furthermore, antibody sequences recovered from isolated B-cells engage the native and recombinant target, demonstrating the CellCellector can serve as a platform in antibody discovery.
ToxIBTL: prediction of peptide toxicity based on information bottleneck and transfer learning
Authors: Wei Lesong , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya , Mu Zengchao , Wei Leyi
Published: January 2022

Motivation

Recently, peptides have emerged as a promising class of pharmaceuticals for various diseases treatment poised between traditional small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins. However, one of the key bottlenecks preventing them from therapeutic peptides is their toxicity toward human cells, and few available algorithms for predicting toxicity are specially designed for short-length peptides.

Results

We present ToxIBTL, a novel deep learning framework by utilizing the information bottleneck principle and transfer learning to predict the toxicity of peptides as well as proteins. Specifically, we use evolutionary information and physicochemical properties of peptide sequences and integrate the information bottleneck principle into a feature representation learning scheme, by which relevant information is retained and the redundant information is minimized in the obtained features. Moreover, transfer learning is introduced to transfer the common knowledge contained in proteins to peptides, which aims to improve the feature representation capability. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that ToxIBTL not only achieves a higher prediction performance than state-of-the-art methods on the peptide dataset, but also has a competitive performance on the protein dataset. Furthermore, a user-friendly online web server is established as the implementation of the proposed ToxIBTL.

Availability and implementation

The proposed ToxIBTL and data can be freely accessible at http://server.wei-group.net/ToxIBTL. Our source code is available at https://github.com/WLYLab/ToxIBTL.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
scPretrain: multi-task self-supervised learning for cell-type classification
Authors: Zhang Ruiyi , Luo Yunan , Ma Jianzhu , Zhang Ming , Wang Sheng
Published: January 2022

Motivation

Rapidly generated scRNA-seq datasets enable us to understand cellular differences and the function of each individual cell at single-cell resolution. Cell-type classification, which aims at characterizing and labeling groups of cells according to their gene expression, is one of the most important steps for single-cell analysis. To facilitate the manual curation process, supervised learning methods have been used to automatically classify cells. Most of the existing supervised learning approaches only utilize annotated cells in the training step while ignoring the more abundant unannotated cells. In this article, we proposed scPretrain, a multi-task self-supervised learning approach that jointly considers annotated and unannotated cells for cell-type classification. scPretrain consists of a pre-training step and a fine-tuning step. In the pre-training step, scPretrain uses a multi-task learning framework to train a feature extraction encoder based on each dataset’s pseudo-labels, where only unannotated cells are used. In the fine-tuning step, scPretrain fine-tunes this feature extraction encoder using the limited annotated cells in a new dataset.

Results

We evaluated scPretrain on 60 diverse datasets from different technologies, species and organs, and obtained a significant improvement on both cell-type classification and cell clustering. Moreover, the representations obtained by scPretrain in the pre-training step also enhanced the performance of conventional classifiers, such as random forest, logistic regression and support-vector machines. scPretrain is able to effectively utilize the massive amount of unlabeled data and be applied to annotating increasingly generated scRNA-seq datasets.

Availability and implementation

The data and code underlying this article are available in scPretrain: Multi-task self-supervised learning for cell type classification, at https://github.com/ruiyi-zhang/scPretrain and https://zenodo.org/record/5802306.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CRAM 3.1: advances in the CRAM file format
Authors: Bonfield James K
Published: January 2022

Motivation

CRAM has established itself as a high compression alternative to the BAM file format for DNA sequencing data. We describe updates to further improve this on modern sequencing instruments.

Results

With Illumina data CRAM 3.1 is 7–15% smaller than the equivalent CRAM 3.0 file, and 50–70% smaller than the corresponding BAM file. Long-read technology shows more modest compression due to the presence of high-entropy signals.

Availability and implementation

The CRAM 3.0 specification is freely available from https://samtools.github.io/hts-specs/CRAMv3.pdf. The CRAM 3.1 improvements are available in a separate OpenSource HTScodecs library from https://github.com/samtools/htscodecs, and have been incorporated into HTSlib.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A cystic artery arising from the middle hepatic artery detected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report
Authors: Kim Sung Hyun , Park Sejin , Choi Jangkyu
Published: January 2022

We herein report a case in which a cystic artery arising from the middle hepatic artery (MHA) was encountered during cholecystectomy. A 42-year-old man visited the outpatient department complaining of chronic epigastric pain and a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was decided upon. During the preoperative evaluation, an interesting finding was observed on computed tomography. The patient had a cystic artery arising from the MHA. An MHA derived from the hilum of the proper hepatic artery runs along the medial border of the gallbladder and enters segment IV. In the operative field, the MHA that entered segment IV was observed. Dissecting downward along the MHA, a cystic artery was observed around the cystic duct. The cystic artery and duct were isolated and each was separately ligated and cut. Rare anatomical variations of the cystic artery, as in this case, can be a pitfall inducing complications during cholecystectomy.
Colocutaneous fistula associated with Crohn’s disease following Kugel patch repair for inguinal hernia: a case report
Authors: Sakai Hiroki , Kubota Koji , Yokoyama Takahide , Shimizu Akira , Notake Tsuyoshi , Masuo Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Hayashi Hikaru , Yasukawa Koya , Umemura Kentaro , Kamachi Atsushi , Goto Takamune , Tomida Hidenori , Yamazaki Shiori , Soejima Yuji
Published: January 2022

Colocutaneous fistula associated with Crohn’s disease after mesh repair for inguinal hernia has not been previously reported in the literature. We report such case in an 83-year-old man following a preperitoneal repair of a left-sided inguinal hernia using Kugel patch. The patient has Crohn’s disease in remission status for 4 years. One month after inguinal hernia repair, he presented with fever and left-sided inguinal pain and swelling. Computed tomography revealed abscess formation in the preperitoneal and subcutaneous space of the left-sided inguinal region. Colonoscopy showed local exacerbation of Crohn’s disease in the sigmoid colon, and formation of fistula between the sigmoid colon and abdominal wall of the left-sided inguinal region. We performed mesh removal with Hartmann resection following percutaneous abscess drainage. The post-operative course was uneventful, and no sign of recurrence of the hernia was found for 3 years post-operatively.
Two novel species of Arthroderma isolated from domestic cats with dermatophytosis in the United States
Authors: Moskaluk Alex , VandeWoude Sue
Published: January 2022

Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissues that can occur in humans and other animals. In domestic cats, the majority of cases are caused by Microsporum canis and can spread to other animals and humans via arthrospores. Between 2019 and 2021, 164 cases of suspected dermatophytosis were recorded in animals from a high-volume shelter in California. Samples (hair, nail, and skin scraping) were collected for routine screening from these individuals. One hundred and twenty-six of these were diagnosed as M. canis by culture and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. In four suspected dermatophytosis cases occurring in kittens in 2019, cultures grown at 20°C yielded fungi with colony morphology more similar to Arthroderma species than Microsporum. Morphologic and microscopic examinations were conducted, and gene segments for the ITS, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) regions were sequenced from DNA extracted from these cultures. Sequences were aligned to other dermatophytes using maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining trees and were compared to previously described fungal species to assess nucleotide homology. We identified two previously undescribed fungal species, herein proposed as Arthroderma lilyanum sp. nov. and Arthroderma mcgillisianum sp. nov. M. canis co-cultured in two of the four cases. Other physiologic tests supported this diagnosis. These species have significance as potential pathogens and should be considered as rule-outs for dermatophytosis in cats. The potential for infection of other species, including humans, should be considered.

Lay summary

Two novel fungal species were cultured and characterized from four cases of suspected ringworm in cats at an animal shelter in CA, US. These species were genetically distinct from other dermatophytes and are herein described as Arthroderma lilyanum sp. nov. and Arthroderma mcgillisianum sp. nov.
The Pristine survey – XV. A CFHT ESPaDOnS view on the Milky Way halo and disc populations
Authors: Lucchesi R , Lardo C , Jablonka P , Sestito F , Mashonkina L , Arentsen A , Suter W , Venn K , Martin N , Starkenburg E , Aguado D , Hill V , Kordopatis G , Navarro J F , González Hernández J I , Malhan K , Yuan Z
Published: January 2022

We present a one-dimensional, local thermodynamic equilibrium homogeneous analysis of 132 stars observed at high resolution with ESPaDOnS. This represents the largest sample observed at high resolution (R ∼ 40 000) from the Pristine survey. This sample is based on the first version of the Pristine catalogue and covers the full range of metallicities from [Fe/H] ∼−3 to ∼+0.25, with nearly half of our sample (58 stars) composed of very metal-poor (VMP) stars ([Fe/H] ≤ −2). This wide range of metallicities provides the opportunity of a new detailed study of the Milky Way stellar population. Because it includes both dwarf and giant stars, it also enables the analysis of any potential bias induced by the Pristine selection process. Based on Gaia EDR3, the orbital analysis of this Pristine-ESPaDOnS sample shows that it is composed of 65 halo stars and 67 disc stars. After a general assessment of the sample chemical properties with the α-elements Mg and Ca, we focus on the abundance of carbon and the neutron capture elements Ba and Sr. While most of our VMP subsample is carbon normal, we also find that 14 stars out of the 38 stars with [Fe/H] ≤ −2 and measured carbon abundances turn out to be carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. We show that these CEMP stars are nearly exclusively (i.e. 12 stars out of 14) in the regime of low luminosity, unevolved, dwarf stars, which we interpret as the consequence of bias of the Pristine filter against C-rich giants. Among the VMP stars, we identify two CEMP stars with no enhancement in neutron-capture process elements and another one enriched in s-process element. Finally, one VMP star is found with a very low [Sr/Fe] abundance ratio for its metallicity, as expected if it had been accreted from an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy.