bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health consequences among Sudanese due to the armed conflicts and civil unrest of 2023: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammed Bilal Maha , Moawia Balla Elnour Sahar , Mohamed Elmahdi Ziryab Zainelabdin , Mustafa Mudawi Ahmed Einas
Published: January 2024

Aim:

To investigate depression, anxiety, PTSD, and insomnia levels among Sudanese citizens during the 2023 Armed Forces conflict in Sudan.

Methods:

An online survey was distributed. It is composed of five parts, covering the following areas: (a) sociodemographic data; (b) depression assessment; (c) generalized anxiety disorder assessment; (d) post-traumatic stress disorder assessment; and (e) insomnia assessment. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 was used for data analysis; frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used for correlation and association analysis; a p-value equal to or less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The study included 221 participants, whose ages were 35.02 ± 11.83 years. Among the participants, 57.5% were female. The length of stay in the war zone was 39.29 ± 31.71 days. The sound of gunfire, bombs, or explosions was the most frequent war violence personally experienced by participants or their family members, friends, or acquaintances, in 203 (91.8%) and 221 (100%), respectively. Moderate-severe and severe depression were present in 25.3% and 62.0%, respectively. Moderate and severe anxiety were present in 36.2% and 52.9%, respectively. 58.8% had PTSD. Sub-threshold insomnia was present in 57.5%. There was a negative correlation between sex (female) and depression (correlation coefficient = −.183, p-value = .006), which indicates that depression is more likely to be in females. For PTSD, there was a negative correlation between age and PTSD (correlation coefficient = −.150, p-value = 0.026), which indicates that younger age groups were more likely to experience PTSD. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between marital status (married) and PTSD (correlation coefficient = −.175, p-value = .009), which indicates that married participants were more likely to experience PTSD.

Conclusions:

Exposure to war-related trauma can also lead to mental health issues. These findings emphasize the urgent need for proper mental health support and interventions in war-affected areas to address the prevalent mental disorders.
Tuning the mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion through heat treatment
Authors: Shi Jinglin , Hu Qiang , Zhao Xinming , Wang Yonghui , Zhang Jinhui
Published: January 2024

The current interest in Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) is centered around excellent mechanical property without taking into account its corrosion behavior. In this work, gas-atomized Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy powder was manufactured by PBF-LB. The influence of heat treatment on microstructure, phase evolution, mechanical properties, and electrochemical corrosion behaviors were investigated and microstructure–property relationship was established to obtain high-performance alloy. The result suggests that the sample heat treated at 350°C for 4 h possesses highest mechanical properties, but is more susceptible to corrosion. When heat treatment temperature reaches 400°C, the loss of coherency for Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitates decreased the strength, but the Al6Mn phase is corroded as cathode instead of the α-Al matrix, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of pitting corrosion. The specimen heat treated at 300°C for 4 h exhibited high strength and high elongation as well as superior corrosion resistance.
Multiscale investigation of sintering kinetics of Astaloy 85Mo
Authors: Schenk O. , Deng Y. , Kaletsch A. , Broeckmann C.
Published: January 2024

Shrinkage during the sintering of powder compacts depends on numerous parameters, including green body characteristics such as particle size and green density. These parameters are also decisive for the initial microstructure and its evolution during sintering. In this study, a novel experimental setup is used to quantify the time-dependent microstructural evolution in water-atomised Astaloy 85Mo powder. Green bodies with different particle sizes and density levels were polished on the top surface and then subjected to an interrupted sintering procedure in a quenching dilatometer. Intermediate examinations of the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy revealed the pore morphology and the thermally etched austenite grain size. It was found that pore rounding relies solely on the local curvature only, whereas neck growth is in good agreement with analytical models. An increase in diffusivity was found on the macroscale and on the microscale due to the pre-deformation of the particles.
Investigation into the effect of the blend ratio on the structure and properties of dual-feed-opening rotor-spun yarn
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Yuze , Shi Qianqian , Wang Jun
Published: January 2024

The scope of this study was to investigate the effect of the blend ratio on the structure and properties of dual-feed-opening rotor-spun yarn. A variety of yarns with different blended ratios were spun from two viscose fibers with the same properties but different colors. Through digital image processing technology, the ratios of the area occupied by the two fibers on the surface and the cross-section of the yarns were obtained. The results showed that the yarns with blend ratios of 40/60 and 50/50 had an obvious spacing phenomenon of two fiber segments on the surface. The ratio of the area occupied by the two fibers on the yarn surface was not equal to the value of the blend ratio. In the yarn cross-section, the difference in the area ratio of the two fibers to the blend ratio was subtle. The blend ratio had little effect on the mechanical properties (strength and elongation at break). However, the quantities of hairiness fluctuated greatly. The mass irregularity and imperfections decreased as the blend ratio approached 50/50. This work provides important guiding insights for the research of dual-feed-opening rotor-blended yarn.
John Witherspoon, the Scottish Common Sense School, and American Political Philosophy
Authors: Wirzbicki Peter
Published: January 2024

This article thus argues that we should interpret Witherspoon's relationship to slavery through the lens of his philosophical commitments. Perhaps John Witherspoon's most lasting contribution to American political culture was his introduction of Scottish Common Sense philosophy into American life. This body of philosophical thought that Witherspoon brought over from Scotland soon became dominant in American seminaries and universities. It helped shape the language of the Patriot cause during the American Revolution and seems to have, in concrete ways, influenced the Constitution. Scottish Common Sense philosophy helped to undergird much of the early anti-slavery movement. In this sense Witherspoon contributed significantly to the foundations of early American abolitionism. As the anti-slavery movement radicalized, though, decades after Witherspoon's death, Common Sense philosophy proved less useful, and generally faded as a source of anti-slavery commitment.
Leveraging adversity during pandemics: the role of adaptive cognitive appraisals of self and others in mental health outcomes among students
Authors: Padmanabhanunni Anita , Pretorius Tyrone B , Isaacs Serena Ann
Published: January 2024

Researchers have paid limited attention to the role of adaptive cognitive appraisals in conferring resilience. In this study, we demonstrate the influence of positive appraisals of problem-solving ability and social support on mental health outcomes. A random sample of students at a university in South Africa ( n = 322) participated in the study. They completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Problem-Solving Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Mediation analysis found that problem-solving appraisal and social support jointly and separately mediated the effects of perceived stress on hopelessness. The combined effect of social support and problem-solving appraisal on life satisfaction was significant; however, only social support was found to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction. The findings indicate that adaptive appraisals of self and others are potential sources of resilience that can buffer individuals from the adverse impact of stressful life events.
Assessment of the validity of using a radiant panel in the low-height floor heating
Authors: Werner-Juszczuk Anna Justyna , Siuta-Olcha Alicja
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the viability of using a radiant panel in lightweight low-height floor heating. In this structure, a dry screed with high thermal resistance is replaced by a low-resistance adhesive layer with reinforcement mesh. The absence of the radiant panel results in a reduction in heat output of 5%–17% for floor finishes with a thermal resistance of 0.001 m2K/W, 50%–54% for 0.05 m2K/W and 60%–62% for 0.1 m2K/W. A structure with a panel is characterised by a lower surface temperature amplitude (maximum 2.4 K) compared to a structure without it (8.8 K), which improves the comfort of floor users. The annual heating cost in a building equipped with the analysed structures was determined. The absence of the panel resulted in a cost increase of 13%, 37% and 79% for floor finish resistances of 0.001, 0.05 and 0.1 m2K/W, respectively. The SPBT for the purchase of radiant panels is 40 years for a floor resistance of 0.001 m2K/W, demonstrating the unprofitability of this solution. For resistances of 0.05 and 0.1 m2K/W, SPBT was 14 and 6 years, respectively. The choice of floor heating system should take into account the required heat output, thermal comfort and economic aspects.

Practical application

This paper assesses the validity of using radiant panels in a low-height floor heating structure, where the dry screed layer is replaced by an adhesive layer with reinforcement mesh. This structure is gaining popularity due to its quick installation and low height but has the disadvantage of the high panel cost. The paper evaluates the effect of panels on heat output and identifies the conditions under which their use is economically justified. Recipients of results are designers and contractors of heating systems. The recommendations can be the basis for selecting the optimum design solution for a lightweight floor heating system.
Consistent Visual Analysis of Multielement Data: A Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Gifford Margaret R. , Tiger Jeffrey H. , Harman Michael J. , Kastner Kendall M.
Published: January 2024

Experimenters provided 33 graphical displays of hypothetical data depicted in a multielement experimental design to editorial board members of prominent, applied, behavior-analytic journals via an online survey. For each display, participants indicated (a) the presence or absence of experimental control and (b) the degree of experimental control (rated on a 1–100 scale). Each depiction varied systematically in (a) the number of data paths, (b) the number of data paths elevated above the control, (c) the mean difference between affected data paths and control conditions, and (d) the degree of variability within conditions. Correspondence among experts’ ratings of experimental control was high across all presented graphical displays, supporting the reliability of visual analysis as an evaluative tool for these designs.
Testing perceivers’ accuracy and accuracy awareness when forming personality impressions from faces
Authors: Jaeger Bastian , Sleegers Willem WA , Stern Julia , Penke Lars , Jones Alex L
Published: January 2024

People spontaneously judge others’ personality based on their facial appearance and these impressions guide many important decisions. Although the consequences of personality impressions are well documented, studies on the accuracy of personality impressions have yielded mixed results. Moreover, relatively little is known about people’s accuracy awareness (i.e., whether they are aware of their judgment accuracy). Even if accuracy is generally low, awareness of accuracy would allow people to rely on their impressions in the right situations. In two studies (one preregistered), we estimated perceivers’ accuracy and accuracy awareness when forming personality impressions based on facial photographs. Our studies have three crucial advantages as compared to previous studies (a) by incentivizing accuracy and accuracy awareness, (b) by relying on substantially larger samples of raters ( n Study 1 = 223, n Study 2 = 423) and targets ( k Study 1 = 140, k Study 2 = 1,260 unique pairs with 280 unique targets), and (c) by conducting Bayesian analyses to also quantify evidence for the null hypothesis. Our findings suggest that face-based personality impressions are not accurate, that perceivers lack insight into their (in)accuracy, and that most people overestimate their accuracy.
Evaluation of the machinability performance of PH 13-8 Mo maraging steel used in the aerospace industry
Authors: Özlü Barış , Akgün Mahir
Published: January 2024

This study focused on investigating the impacts of machining parameters on cutting force (Fc), surface roughness (Ra), cutting power (Pc), and specific cutting energy (SCE) and determining optimum machining parameters in turning PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel. For this purpose, an experimental design was set with Taguchi's L32 orthogonal array by identifying cutting parameters such as cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (f), and depth of cut (ap) at different levels. The turning tests were carried out on the CNC lathe using a coated carbide cutting tool under dry-cutting conditions. Signal/Noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the impacts of cutting parameters on Fc, Ra, Pc, and SCE values obtained after turning experiments. In addition, regression analysis was performed to identify the correlation between Fc, Ra, Pc, and SCE and cutting parameters through linear and quadratic regression models. The main findings of the study are that the lowest Fc (A1B1C3), Ra (A1B1C4), Pc (A1B1C1) and SCE (A2B4C3) values were measured at 287.8 N, 0.59 µm, 697.16 W and 1549.55 J/mm3 in turning PH 13-8 Mo martensitic stainless steel. ANOVA, the most important process parameter affecting Fc, Ra, Pc, and SCE was feed rate at the rate of 85.57%, 84.93%, 71.10% and 60%. It was observed that the mathematical model findings obtained with the test results are in good agreement. In general, wear mechanisms such as adhesion, BUE, chips, crater, notch, fracture, and chipping on the cutting tool were detected in the turning of PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel.
Biomaterials augmented with filtered bone marrow aspirate for the treatment of talar osteochondral lesions. A comparison of clinical and cellular parameters
Authors: Kolar Matic , Veber Matija , Girandon Lenart , Drobnič Matej
Published: January 2024

Background

Biomaterials augmented with Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) are becoming increasingly utilized in the cartilage treatment. However, the potential role of cellular parameters in the intraoperatively applied BMAC have yet to be elucidated.

Purpose

(A) To evaluate clinical outcomes and safety of a combined single-step approach with scaffolds (fibrin glues, collagen gels, collagen-hydroxyapatite membrane) and filtered Bone Marrow Aspirate (fBMA) for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). (B) To identify significant factors for postoperative improvements, considering cellular parameters as potential predictors.

Methods

All the patients operated on due to OLTs by the combination above were selected from the hospital registry database (35 pts, years 16–55, and minimally 1 year follow-up). Treatment outcomes were followed clinically with Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and by pursuing serious adverse events (SAE) and graft failures (GF). Cellular parameters of the injected fBMA were determined. Pre- and postoperative PROMs values were compared to evaluate postoperative improvements. Multivariable regression models were applied to identify potential factors (demographics, medical history, joint and lesion characteristics, scaffold type, surgical and cellular parameters) that predict the treatment outcomes.

Results

At the mean follow-up of 32.2 (12.5) months, all Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and European Quality of Life in Five Dimensions Three-Level (EQ-5D-3 L) values improved significantly. 4 (11%) SAE (3 arthrofibrosis, one hardware removal), and 3 (9%) GF occurred. Female gender and concomitant procedures were the main negative predictors for postoperative outcomes. The number of fibroblast colony forming units (CFU-F) or their proportion among total nucleated cells (CFU-F/TNC) were positively correlated with the improvements of some PROMs.

Conclusions

Scaffolds augmented with fBMA proved as an adequate and safe approach for OLTs treatment. Cellular parameters seem to influence the treatment outcomes, thus further attention should be given to the intraoperatively applied products.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Effects of autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation on histomorphology and immunohistochemistry of normal canine brain tissue: an experimental study
Authors: Koehler Jennifer W. , Miller Andrew D. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: January 2024

CNS tumor diagnosis in dogs often relies on immunohistochemistry (IHC) given similar histologic features among tumors. Most CNS tissue samples encountered by diagnostic pathologists are collected during autopsy, and postmortem specimens can be susceptible to autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation, both of which have the potential to influence IHC results and interpretation. Here we evaluated the effects of experimentally controlled autolysis induced by delayed tissue fixation (sections of brain held for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in 0.9% NaCl at either room temperature or 37°C prior to fixation) as well as the effects of prolonged formalin fixation times (1 wk, 1 mo, 2 mo) on a panel of 8 IHC markers (CNPase, GFAP, Iba1, OLIG2, PGP9.5, MAP2, NeuN, synaptophysin) relevant to brain tumor diagnosis. Prolonged fixation of up to 2 mo had no detrimental effect on any immunomarker except NeuN, which had reduced immunolabeling intensity. Delayed fixation led to autolytic changes as expected, on a gradient of severity corresponding to increased time in saline prior to fixation. Several immunomarkers should be used with caution (CNPase, OLIG2) or avoided entirely (MAP2, NeuN) in markedly autolyzed brain and brain tumor tissues. Our results suggest that autolysis has minimal effect on most immunomarkers, but that advanced autolysis may cause a loss of specificity for GFAP, MAP2, and PGP9.5, a loss of intensity of CNPase and OLIG2, and loss of labeling with MAP2 and NeuN. Prolonged fixation affected only NeuN, with mildly decreased intensity.
Towards ecological everything – The ecological university, ecological subjectivity and the ecological curriculum
Authors: Stratford Robert J
Published: January 2024

There are no perfect solutions to the complex mess the planet is in right now, but there might be some better directions for the contemporary ‘university in ruins’ (Readings, 1996). In a world of struggling liberal democracies, climate change, biodiversity loss and global pandemics, this paper builds on the philosophical work informing the Ecological University (Barnett, 2018; Stratford, 2019) to shore up the theoretical groundwork for an ecological approach to higher education. While such a concept is fanciful (or utopian) in many respects, the possibilities for an ‘ecological’ turn in higher education policy and practice – beyond liberal and neoliberal approaches to higher education – point towards university policy and practice requiring a clearer understanding of ecological subjectivity as a basis for an ecological curriculum in higher education. This paper explores how ecological subjectivity could be developed via the concept of Anthropocene Intelligence. It explores how Anthropocene Intelligence can be used as a way of challenging the mainstream, liberal context of the higher education curriculum. Several ways in which this might occur are pointed to with potential changes to economics teaching being detailed as an example of the transformation that might be possible in an ecological higher education curriculum.
Identification of shared mechanisms and targets between immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and autoimmune myocarditis
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Min , Li Dong , Yu Yuandong , Cao Fengjun , Wan Guoxing
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the shared mechanisms and targets between immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis (ICIM) and autoimmune myocarditis.

Methods

Relevant data were retrieved from public datasets and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was used to identify significant shared signaling pathways between ICIM and non-ICI associated autoimmune myocarditis (NICIAM) represented by ICIM model and experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model, respectively. Cell type enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis by clusterProfiler and ImmuCellAI were performed to identify critical immune cell component involved in ICIM and NICIAM. Additionally, core shared genes across ICIM and NICIAM were identified and validated by various models and methods.

Results

Interferon-γ response, inflammatory response and allograft rejection signaling were identified as the shared signaling pathways associated with ICIM and NICIAM. Enrichment analysis of cell type supported an important role of increased infiltration of T cells and macrophages in both ICIM and NICIAM. However, the predominant increase of infiltrated T cells was CD4+ T cells in NICIAM, while that were CD8+ T cells in ICIM. Core shared genes Lck and Cd3d expression were found increased in both ICIM and NICIAM, and Lck inhibition was further identified and validated as potential therapeutic approach.

Conclusions

Our study initially established a comorbidity model to identify potential molecular mechanism including interferon-γ response, inflammatory response and allograft rejection signaling accounting for the concerns of myocarditis risk in patients with preexisting autoimmune disease (PAD) receiving ICI treatment, and supported the therapeutic potential of targeting Lck or Cd3d.
The Digital Landscape of Smart Cities and Digital Twins: A Systematic Literature Review of Digital Terrain and 3D City Models in Enhancing Decision-Making
Authors: Syed Abdul Rahman Syed Ahmad Fadhli , Abdul Maulud Khairul Nizam , Ujang Uznir , Wan Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina , Shaharuddin Sarah , Ab Rahman Abdul Aziz
Published: January 2024

The digitalization of urban mechanisms relies on the integration of digital terrain and 3D city models. However, a systematic examination of this topic within the context of integrated smart cities or digital twins has been lacking, hindering reproducibility and interpretation of results. To address this gap, this study conducts a systematic literature review to explore the role of digital terrain and 3D city models in supporting urban decision-making for integrated smart cities or digital twins. By following a review protocol, research questions were formulated, and systematic search strategies were implemented involving reputable databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Emerald, Taylor Francis, Springer Link, and Sage Journals. The review process included identification, screening, eligibility assessment, quality appraisal, data extraction, and thematic analysis. The thematic analysis identified eight main themes and 22 sub-themes, shedding light on various aspects of digital terrain and 3D city models in urban decision-making, including (1) data integration and interoperability, (2) integrated visualization; (3) environmental simulation; (4) digital twins application; (5) smart cities application; (6) semantic enrichment; (7) applied planning; and (8) urban planning. This systematic review identifies gaps in the field and provides directions for future studies.
“Sentir su camino”: (Im)mobilities in the return of Venezuelan migrant women during the pandemic in Ecuador
Authors: Bonilla Mena Tania
Published: January 2024

The pandemic exacerbated the already inequitable conditions to which Venezuelan migrants are exposed in Latin America. Influenced by global policies of public health control, the Ecuadorian government imposed numerous constraints on internal and external mobilities to reinforce its restrictive shift of at least the past decade, thereby limiting migrant regularization and curtailing the guarantee of the right to seek refuge. In line with Hyndman and Giles’ concepts of the embodied feminist geopolitics of waiting and (im)mobilities this article examines how, in the context of restrictive state policies, social hostility and nationalism, heightened by a public health discourse emphasizing the threat of contagion embodied in migrants and a new border regime scenario, Venezuelan migrant women have deployed multiple strategies of self-care to preserve their lives. Such strategies including reverse migration to their home country, even when it meant returning to places that are even more precarious but perhaps safer for them. It also explores how Ecuador’s institutional responses to the pandemic affected Venezuelan migrants and their action capacity.
Follow-up from the A041202 study shows continued efficacy of ibrutinib regimens for older adults with CLL
Authors: Woyach Jennifer A. , Perez Burbano Gabriela , Ruppert Amy S. , Miller Cecelia , Heerema Nyla A. , Zhao Weiqiang , Wall Anna , Ding Wei , Bartlett Nancy L. , Brander Danielle M. , Barr Paul M. , Rogers Kerry A. , Parikh Sameer A. , Stephens Deborah M. , Brown Jennifer R. , Lozanski Gerard , Blachly James , Nattam Sreenivasa , Larson Richard A. , Erba Harry , Litzow Mark , Luger Selina , Owen Carolyn , Kuzma Charles , Abramson Jeremy S. , Little Richard F. , Dinner Shira , Stone Richard M. , Uy Geoffrey , Stock Wendy , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Byrd John C.
Published: January 2024

A041202 (NCT01886872) is a phase 3 study comparing bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) with ibrutinib and the combination of ibrutinib plus rituximab (IR) in previously untreated older patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The initial results showed that ibrutinib-containing regimens had superior progression-free survival (PFS) and rituximab did not add additional benefits. Here we present an updated analysis. With a median follow-up of 55 months, the median PFS was 44 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 38-54) for BR and not yet reached in either ibrutinib-containing arm. The 48-month PFS estimates were 47%, 76%, and 76% for BR, ibrutinib, and IR, respectively. The benefit of ibrutinib regimens over chemoimmunotherapy was consistent across subgroups of patients defined by TP53 abnormalities, del(11q), complex karyotype, and immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV). No significant interaction effects were observed between the treatment arm and del(11q), the complex karyotype, or IGHV. However, a greater difference in PFS was observed among the patients with TP53 abnormalities. There was no difference in the overall survival. Notable adverse events with ibrutinib included atrial fibrillation (afib) and hypertension. Afib was observed in 11 patients (pts) on BR (3%) and 67 pts on ibrutinib (18%). All-grade hypertension was observed in 95 pts on BR (27%) and 263 pts on ibrutinib (55%). These data show that ibrutinib regimens prolong PFS compared with BR for older patients with treatment-naïve CLL. These benefits were observed across subgroups, including high-risk groups. Strikingly, within the ibrutinib arms, there was no inferior PFS for patients with abnormalities in TP53, the highest risk feature observed in CLL. These data continue to demonstrate the efficacy of ibrutinib in treatment-naïve CLL.
OsUGE2 Regulates Plant Growth through Affecting ROS Homeostasis and Iron Level in Rice
Authors: Yang Shuaiqi , Chen Nana , Qi Jiaxuan , Salam Abdul , Khan Ali Raza , Azhar Wardah , Yang Chunyan , Xu Nuo , Wu Junyu , Liu Yihua , Liu Bohan , Gan Yinbo
Published: January 2024

Background

The growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are affected by multiple factors, such as ROS homeostasis and utilization of iron. Here, we demonstrate that OsUGE2, a gene encoding a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, controls growth and development by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron (Fe) level in rice. Knockout of this gene resulted in impaired growth, such as dwarf phenotype, weakened root growth and pale yellow leaves. Biochemical analysis showed that loss of function of OsUGE2 significantly altered the proportion and content of UDP-Glucose (UDP-Glc) and UDP-Galactose (UDP-Gal). Cellular observation indicates that the impaired growth may result from decreased cell length. More importantly, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that knockout of OsUGE2 significantly influenced the expression of genes related to oxidoreductase process and iron ion homeostasis. Consistently, the content of ROS and Fe are significantly decreased in OsUGE2 knockout mutant. Furthermore, knockout mutants of OsUGE2 are insensitive to both Fe deficiency and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment, which further confirmed that OsUGE2 control rice growth possibly through Fe and H2O2 signal. Collectively, these results reveal a new pathway that OsUGE2 could affect growth and development via influencing ROS homeostasis and Fe level in rice.
Urban (UMaaS) and rural (RMaaS) mobility as a service (MaaS): practical insights from international practitioners and experts
Authors: Milne Jenny , Beecroft Mark , Nelson John D. , Greening Philip , Cottrill Caitlin , Wright Steve
Published: January 2024

The concept and potential of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has been the subject of significant debate in academia and industry for nearly a decade. There are several city-based Mobility as a Service (MaaS) pilots globally. There remains a significant lack of practitioner evidence of MaaS with the focus on city-based solutions rather than in rural and suburban areas. To that end, this paper asks four research questions to contribute to the gap in Rural MaaS (RMaaS) and Urban MaaS (UMaaS); firstly, is MaaS a mobility option for rural areas given the identified evidence in scientific literature? Secondly, how do practitioner experiences with MaaS (in all areas) differ considering factors like phraseology, geography, available modes, transportation, the origin and implementation stages? Thirdly, what practical learnings can be drawn from practitioners in the field? Fourthly, what is the future of MaaS for rural and urban areas. The research and findings are based upon grey literature and twenty semi-structured interviews with representatives from research or government organisations, public bodies, MaaS technology suppliers, transport operators and experts. Each participant discussed and contributed to the practicalities around real-world applications of MaaS in urban, regional, or rural areas. The analysis produced 2 applied tools which will be useful to practitioners interested in MaaS; a Thematic Map visualising the common matters emerging from the interviews revolving around ‘People, Policy, Practice and Pilots (4Ps); a Practical Framework for Implementing MaaS tool, which can be used by any practitioner at any stage of a MaaS project.
DNI-MDCAP: improvement of causal MiRNA-disease association prediction based on deep network imputation
Authors: Han Yu , Zhou Qiong , Liu Leibo , Li Jianwei , Zhou Yuan
Published: January 2024

Background

MiRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Extensive literature studies have demonstrated that miRNA-disease associations are stratified and encompass ~ 20% causal associations. Computational models that predict causal miRNA-disease associations provide effective guidance in identifying novel interpretations of disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Although several predictive models for miRNA-disease associations exist, it is still challenging to discriminate causal miRNA-disease associations from non-causal ones. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop an efficient prediction model for causal miRNA-disease association prediction.

Results

We developed DNI-MDCAP, an improved computational model that incorporated additional miRNA similarity metrics, deep graph embedding learning-based network imputation and semi-supervised learning framework. Through extensive predictive performance evaluation, including tenfold cross-validation and independent test, DNI-MDCAP showed excellent performance in identifying causal miRNA-disease associations, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.896 and 0.889, respectively. Regarding the challenge of discriminating causal miRNA-disease associations from non-causal ones, DNI-MDCAP exhibited superior predictive performance compared to existing models MDCAP and LE-MDCAP, reaching an AUROC of 0.870. Wilcoxon test also indicated significantly higher prediction scores for causal associations than for non-causal ones. Finally, the potential causal miRNA-disease associations predicted by DNI-MDCAP, exemplified by diabetic nephropathies and hsa-miR-193a, have been validated by recently published literature, further supporting the reliability of the prediction model.

Conclusions

DNI-MDCAP is a dedicated tool to specifically distinguish causal miRNA-disease associations with substantially improved accuracy. DNI-MDCAP is freely accessible at http://www.rnanut.net/DNIMDCAP/.
COVID-19 vaccination uptake and receptivity among veterans enrolled in homelessness-tailored primary health care clinics: provider trust vs. misinformation
Authors: Gin June L. , Balut Michelle D. , Dobalian Aram
Published: January 2024

Background

Compared to the general population, individuals experiencing homelessness are at greater risk of excess morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 but have been vaccinated at lower rates. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)’s Homeless Patient Aligned Care Team (HPACT) program integrates health care and social services for Veterans experiencing homelessness to improve access to and utilization of care.

Methods

This study explores the vaccination uptake behavior and attitudes through a qualitative comparative case study of two HPACT clinics, one in California (CA) and one in North Dakota (ND). Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with Veterans enrolled in the two VA HPACT clinics from August to December 2021 with 20 Veterans (10 at each clinic).

Results

Four themes emerged from the interviews: (1) Vaccination uptake and timing— While half of the Veterans interviewed were vaccinated, ND Veterans were more likely to be vaccinated and got vaccinated earlier than CA Veterans; (2) Housing— Unsheltered or precariously housed Veterans were less likely to be vaccinated; (3) Health Care— Veterans reporting positive experiences with VA health care and those who trusted health providers were more likely to vaccinate than those with negative or nuanced satisfaction with health care; (4) Refusers’ Conspiracy Theories and Objectivity Claims— Veterans refusing the vaccine frequently mentioned belief in conspiracy theories while simultaneously asserting their search for objective information from unbiased sources.

Conclusions

These findings amplify the importance of improving access to population-tailored care for individuals experiencing homelessness by reducing patient loads, expanding housing program enrollment, and increasing the provider workforce to ensure personalized care. Health care providers, and housing providers, social workers, and peers, who offer information without discrediting or criticizing Veterans’ beliefs, are also key to effectively delivering vaccine messaging to this population.
Retrospective database analysis for clinical diagnoses commonly associated with pneumococcal diseases in the Malaysian healthcare system over a 3-year period (2013–2015)
Authors: Sundaramurthy Saravanan S. R. , Allen Kristen E. , Fletcher Mark A. , Liew Kok Fui , Borhanuddin Boekhtiar , Ali Mohammad , Morales Graciela , Gessner Bradford , Naidoo Jerusha , Southern Jo
Published: January 2024

Background

Pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of morbidity and mortality across all ages, particularly in younger children and older adults. Here, we describe pneumococcal disease hospitalizations at Ministry of Health (MoH) facilities in Malaysia between 2013 and 2015.

Methods

This was a retrospective databases analysis. Tabular data from the Malaysian Health Data Warehouse (MyHDW) were used to identify microbiologically confirmed, pneumococcal disease hospitalizations and deaths during hospitalization, using hospital-assigned ICD-10 codes (i.e., classified as meningitis, pneumonia, or non-meningitis non-pneumonia). Case counts, mortality counts, and case fatality rates were reported by patient age group and by Malaysian geographic region.

Results

A total of 683 pneumococcal disease hospitalizations were identified from the analysis: 53 pneumococcal meningitis hospitalizations (5 deaths and 48 discharges), 413 pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations (24 deaths and 389 discharges), and 205 non-meningitis non-pneumonia pneumococcal disease hospitalizations (58 deaths and 147 discharges). Most hospitalizations occurred in children aged < 2 years. Crude mortality was highest among children aged < 2 years (for all three disease categories), among adults aged ≥ 65 years (for pneumococcal pneumonia), or among adults aged 65–85 years (for non-meningitis non-pneumonia pneumococcal disease). The case fatality rate, all ages included, was 5.8% for pneumococcal pneumonia, 9.1% for pneumococcal meningitis, and 28.3% for non-meningitis non-pneumonia pneumococcal disease.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to document pneumococcal disease hospitalizations and deaths during hospitalization in Malaysia. Although this database analysis likely underestimated case counts, and the true disease burden could be even greater, the study demonstrates a substantial burden of pneumococcal disease. Public health measures, including vaccination, would significantly contribute to the prevention of hospitalizations and deaths associated with pneumococcal disease in Malaysia.
Multiple intracellular pathogen infections with ocular pathologies associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies: a case report
Authors: Ning Yan , Yu Qingliang , Liang Hanlin , Wu Siyao , Liang Siqiao , Liang Xiaona , He Zhiyi
Published: January 2024

Background

Autoantibodies against interferon-γ (IFN-γ) can inhibit IFN-γ-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 phosphorylation and thus increase the risk of infection with intracellular pathogens, such as Talaromyces marneffei (TM), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). Here, we report a rare case of triple infection caused by TM, NTM, and TB in a human immunodeficiency virus–negative patient.

Case presentation

A middle-aged female was admitted to our hospital after experiencing recurrent rash, cough, and expectoration for 4 months. She was successively diagnosed with NTM, TM, and TB infections without conventional immunosuppression-associated factors. However, after effective anti-infective treatment, the patient was confirmed to have allergic conjunctivitis and was successfully treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. The most conspicuous characteristics were recurrent infection and immune disorders.

Conclusions

High-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies are strongly associated with severe and disseminated infections, such as NTM, TM, and TB. It is characterized by persistently high degree of inflammation and high immunoglobin levels.
RGD-p21Ras-scFv expressed prokaryotically on a pilot scale inhibits ras-driven colorectal cancer growth by blocking p21Ras-GTP
Authors: Lin Peng , Qian Jing , Huang Cheng-Cheng , Xu Wen-Mang , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Gao Zi-Ran , Zheng Shi-Qi , Wang Peng , Jia Da-Qi , Feng Qiang , Yang Ju-Lun
Published: January 2024

Background

Ras gene mutation and/or overexpression are drivers in the progression of cancers, including colorectal cancer. Blocking the Ras signaling has become a significant strategy for cancer therapy. Previously, we constructed a recombinant scFv, RGD-p21Ras-scFv by linking RGD membrane-penetrating peptide gene with the anti-p21Ras scFv gene. Here, we expressed prokaryotically RGD-p21Ras-scFv on a pilot scale, then investigated the anti-tumor effect and the mechanism of blocking Ras signaling.

Methods

The E. coli bacteria which could highly express RGD-p21Ras-scFv was screened and grown in 100 L fermentation tank to produce RGD-p21Ras-scFv on optimized induced expression conditions. The scFv was purified from E. coli bacteria using His Ni-NTA column. ELISA was adopted to test the immunoreactivity of RGD-p21Ras-scFv against p21Ras proteins, and the IC50 of RGD-p21Ras-scFv was analyzed by CCK-8. Immunofluorescence colocalization and pull-down assays were used to determine the localization and binding between RGD-p21Ras-scFv and p21Ras. The interaction forces between RGD-p21Ras-scFv and p21Ras after binding were analyzed by molecular docking, and the stability after binding was determined by molecular dynamics simulations. p21Ras-GTP interaction was detected by Ras pull-down. Changes in the MEK-ERK /PI3K-AKT signaling paths downstream of Ras were detected by WB assays. The anti-tumor activity of RGD-p21Ras-scFv was investigated by nude mouse xenograft models.

Results

The technique of RGD-p21Ras-scFv expression on a pilot scale was established. The wet weight of the harvested bacteria was 31.064 g/L, and 31.6 mg RGD-p21Ras-scFv was obtained from 1 L of bacterial medium. The purity of the recombinant antibody was above 85%, we found that the prepared on a pilot scale RGD-p21Ras-scFv could penetrate the cell membrane of colon cancer cells and bind to p21Ras, then led to reduce of p21Ras-GTP (active p21Ras). The phosphorylation of downstream effectors MEK-ERK /PI3K-AKT was downregulated. In vivo antitumor activity assays showed that the RGD-p21Ras-scFv inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines.

Conclusion

RGD-p21Ras-scFv prokaryotic expressed on pilot-scale could inhibited Ras-driven colorectal cancer growth by partially blocking p21Ras-GTP and might be able to be a hidden therapeutic antibody for treating RAS-driven tumors.
Low serum apolipoprotein A1 level predicts poor prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the real world: a retrospective study
Authors: Huang Xiaoling , Wang Ying , Huang Zhenyu , Chen Xuzheng , Lin Qiuyan , Huang Haobo , Fan Liping
Published: January 2024

Background

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a member of the apolipoprotein family with diverse functions. It is associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of several types of tumors. However, the role of serum apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) in the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate its influence on clinical outcomes in patients with DLBCL.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 1583 consecutive DLBCL patients admitted to the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between January 2011 and December 2021. 949 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off value for serum ApoA1 levels for prognostic prediction among patients with DLBCL. The correlations between serum ApoA1 levels and clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Prognostic significance was analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL demonstrated low serum ApoA1 levels (< 0.925 g/L), had more B symptoms, higher levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (>upper limit of normal), poorer performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 2–4), higher percentage of advanced stage and non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype, more cases of > 1 extranodal site, higher International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (3–5), and higher incidence of relapse or refractory diseases compared with those with high serum ApoA1 levels (≥ 0.925 g/L). Low serum ApoA1 levels were an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) but not progression-free survival (PFS).

Conclusions

Low serum ApoA1 levels were associated with poor treatment response and inferior survival in newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL.
Impulsive and compulsive reading comprehension in the prison population
Authors: Muñoz-López Lucas , Serrano Francisca , López-Torrecillas María del Carmen , Sánchez-Barrera María Blasa , Martín Ignacio , López-Torrecillas Francisca
Published: January 2024

Background

Developmental dyslexia is characterized by reading and writing deficits that persist into adulthood. Dyslexia is strongly associated with academic underachievement, as well as impulsive, compulsive, and criminal behaviors.

The aims of this study were to investigate impulsive or compulsive reading comprehension, analyzing the differences in reading errors between two distinct groups —one with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and another with Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) and examine their correlation with criminal behavior within a prison population.

Methods

We gathered data from 194 participants: 81 with ASPD and 113 with OCPD from a prison center. Participants took part in interviews to gather data on demographic, criminal, and behavioral data. Additionally, the participants underwent various assessments, including the International Examination for Personality Disorders; Symptom Inventory, and Battery for the Assessment of Reading Processes in Secondary and High School – Revised.

Results

Our analysis revealed differences in reading skills between the ASPD and OCPD groups. Specifically, the OCPD group showed poorer performance on lexical selection, semantic categorization, grammar structures, grammatical judgements, and expository comprehension when compared with the ASPD group. Conversely, the OCPD group obtained higher scores on narrative comprehension relative to the ASPD group.

Conclusions

The OCPD group showed slow lexical-phonological coding and phonological activation.