bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Red Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf Antidiabetic Capsules
Authors: Putri Lucienne Agatha Larasati Nugraha , Arisanti Cokorda Istri Sri , Dewi Ni Kadek Santi Maha , Wirasuta I Made Agus Gelgel
Published: January 2025

Red sweet potato, or Ipomoea batatas L (IBL), has the potential to be developed as a herbal medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. Capsules were chosen for the formulation of IBL. The finished products are required to undergo a series of test in accordance with compendial standards and regulatory requirements for single-dose capsule products. To meet the quality and safety requirements of traditional medicines, efforts are needed to obtain an optimal capsule formula that ensures quality and safety. Mg stearate as a lubricant can be used to improve the flow properties of granules. The aims of this study are to formulate IBL into capsule dosage form and determine the influence of mg stearate in the formulation of IBL capsules. Two formulations were made using dry extract of IBL leaf (F1) and dry extract of IBL leaves  with the addition of magnesium stearate (F2). The next stage was to evaluate the capsules with flowability parameters, including compressibility, weight uniformity and disintegration time. The next stage was to evaluate the capsules with several parameters, namely weight uniformity and disintegration time. The results obtained show that the F1and F2 capsule have met the quality and safety requirements set for traditional medicine preparations according to the quality and safety requirements of traditional medicine Compared to the formula without magnesium stearate (F1), the formula with magnesium stearate (F2) had a better compressibility index, which improved flowability, more uniformity of weight, and a longer disintegration time. However, there was no significant difference between the two formulas.
A Formal Link Between Information Entropy and the Effective Number of Parties
Authors: Bailey Jack
Published: January 2025

Information theory now informs fields as diverse as quantum physics, neuroscience, and economics. In this short note, I show that it informs political science too. In particular, I show that the effective number of parties—perhaps the most widely-used measure in all of comparative politics—is the antilogarithm of a common measure of information entropy: the Rényi entropy. This equivalence bridges the two fields, thereby allowing us to use advances in information theory to improve our understanding of electoral systems and their consequences.
Perceptions of and participation in adult learning and CVET activities
Authors: Heuer Annika , Serratos-Sotelo Luis , Motel-Klingebiel Andreas
Published: January 2025

Key Findings Perception goes with participation - If adult learning and continued vocational education and training (CVET) activities are considered important, the likelihood of engaging in different types of adult learning and CVET activities increases.General affectedness - This relationship has been found for participation in all kinds of adult learning and CVET activities included in this study: formal, non-formal work-related, non-formal non-work-related, and informal.Age and status gap - Adults who are younger, higher educated and white-collar employed are more likely to participate in all four types of adult learning and CVET activities.Gender gap - Women are more likely to participate in adult learning and CVET activities compared to men.
β-ecdysone/PLGA composite scaffolds promote skull defect healing in diabetic rat
Authors: Luo Yicai , Wu Ziwei , Zhang Yingjuan , Qiao Yang , Wei Yinge , Yan Xuan , Ma Xiangyu , Huang Xianxian , Zhong Xiaoxia , Ye Zhimao , Lu Xinping , Liao Hongbing
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus often leads to bone metabolism disorders, hindering bone regeneration and delaying the healing of bone defects. β-Ecdysone, a plant-derived hormone known for its wide range of physiological activities, possesses hypoglycemic effects and promotes osteogenic differentiation. This study developed a composite PLGA slow-release scaffold loaded with β-ecdysone to enhance its bioavailability through topical administration and to investigate its potential to heal diabetic bone defects.

Methods

The composite scaffolds were fabricated using solution casting/particle leaching and freeze-drying techniques. Then a series of characterizations were subjected to test the performance of composite scaffolds, and in vitro safety of the composite scaffolds was tested by CCK8 assay and live/dead cell staining. Further, micro-CT and histology to evaluate the effect of β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds on healing of skull defects in diabetic rats at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Simultaneously, the safety of the scaffolds in vivo was also evaluated.

Results

The material characterization results indicated that, in comparison to the single-pore size scaffold, the composite scaffold exhibited superior porosity, swelling ratio, drug loading capacity, and mechanical properties. Additionally, the composite scaffolds showed appropriate degradation performance and sustained drug release profiles. The CCK8 cytotoxicity assay and live/dead cell staining demonstrated that BMSCs survived and proliferated on the composite scaffold under both low-glucose and high-glucose conditions. Micro-CT and histological investigation demonstrated that β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds promoted new bone growth in the skull defect region of diabetic rats.

Conclusion

Overall, these findings suggest that the β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds promote the healing of bone defects in diabetic rats. The combination of β-ecdysone and tissue-engineered scaffolds presents a promising approach for treating diabetes-related bone defects.
A stumbling block in pancreatic cancer treatment: drug resistance signaling networks
Authors: Liu Jinming , Zhang Biao , Huang Bingqian , Zhang Kexin , Guo Fujia , Wang Zhizhou , Shang Dong
Published: January 2025

The primary node molecules in the cell signaling network in cancer tissues are maladjusted and mutated in comparison to normal tissues, which promotes the occurrence and progression of cancer. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal cancer with increasing incidence and low five-year survival rates. Currently, there are several therapies that target cell signaling networks in PC. However, PC is a “cold tumor” with a unique immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (poor effector T cell infiltration, low antigen specificity), and targeting a single gene or pathway is basically ineffective in clinical practice. Targeted matrix therapy, targeted metabolic therapy, targeted mutant gene therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, cancer vaccines, and other emerging therapies have shown great therapeutic potential, but results have been disappointing. Therefore, we summarize the identified and potential drug-resistant cell signaling networks aimed at overcoming barriers to existing PC therapies.
Aspergillus identification through bronchoscope in intensive care unit – a retrospective, databased cohort study
Authors: Cheng Hsin-I , Lin Chun-Yu , Lin Horng-Chyuan , Lin Shu-Min , Hsieh Meng-Heng , Fang Yueh-Fu , Chang Po-Jui , Hung Wei-Syun , Cheng Ko , Huang Chung−Chi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) increases the risk of mortality of critically ill patients. Diagnostic criteria specifically targeting patients in intensive care units(ICUs) have been developed to improve diagnostic sensitivity. This study investigated health outcomes among patients in ICUs with Aspergillus isolates identified using bronchoscopy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study obtained data from the Chang Gung Research Database of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients admitted to the ICU between January 2017 and December 2022 who received bronchoalveolar lavage were enrolled. Patients with a fungus culture yielding Aspergillus spp. isolates or who had an Aspergillus galactomannan antigen index value of >1.0 were categorized into the Aspergillus-positive group.

Results

A total of 2372 patients were enrolled, and 146 patients (6.16%) tested positive for Aspergillus. Of the patients who tested positive for Aspergillus, 37.67% had a positive culture result, and 77.4% had a positive galactomannan antigen result. Patients with Aspergillus isolates were more likely to have a recent influenza infection, concurrent bacterial sepsis, and a cavitation and to die in hospital (in-hospital mortality rate 58.9% vs. 48.57%, P = 0.016).

Discussion

Identifying Aspergillus through bronchoscopy in the ICU is associated with higher mortality rates than in patients who test negative for Aspergillus. Galactomannan antigen from bronchoalveolar lavage may provide higher diagnostic sensitivity.
New insights into freshwater ascomycetes: discovery of novel species in diverse aquatic habitats
Authors: Li Lu , Bhat Darbhe Jayarama , Jiang Hong-Bo , Li Jun-Fu , Dawoud Turki M. , Sun Fangqi , Haituk Sukanya , Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan , Phookamsak Rungtiwa
Published: January 2025

During investigations of freshwater fungi in Hunan and Yunnan provinces, China, Chaetopsina yunnanensis sp. nov. (Nectriaceae), Parafuscosporella hunanensis sp. nov. (Fuscosporellaceae), and Pleurotheciella yunnanensis sp. nov. (Pleurotheciaceae) were discovered on submerged decaying wood and branches. Based on phylogenetic analyses, C. yunnanensis formed a separate branch with Chaetopsina pinicola and nested among other Chaetopsina species in Nectriaceae (Hypocreales). Furthermore, hitherto known Chaetopsina beijingensis shared the same branch with Chaetopsina fulva, a type species of the genus, demonstrating their conspecific status. Therefore, C. beijingensis is formally synonymized under C. fulva, with an amended species circumscription. Pa. hunanensis formed a well-separated subclade with the ex-type strain of Parafuscosporella mucosa and clustered with other Parafuscosporella within Fuscosporellaceae (Fuscosporellales). In addition, the genus Parafuscosporella is treated as distinct from Vanakripa due to a lack of phylogenetic evidence in clarifying their congeneric status with the latter. Pl. yunnanensis is found to be sister to Pleurotheciella saprophytica, forming a subclade with Pleurotheciella dimorphospora within the Pleurotheciaceae (Pleurotheciales). Morphologically, C. yunnanensis fits well with the generic concept of Chaetopsina in forming a holomorphic state with hyphomycetous asexual morph producing pigmented, setiform conidiophores, phialidic conidiogenous cells, hyaline conidia, and nectria-like sexual morph. Pa. hunanensis fits well with Parafuscosporella in having acrogenous, apiosporous, versicolored, obovoid to obpyriform conidia. In contrast, Pl. yunnanensis resembles Pl. dimorphospora in forming asexual dimorphism with two types of conidia (Type I, brown, muriform/phragmosporous conidia; Type II, hyaline, amerosporous/didymorsporous conidia). The novelty of taxa is explained with detailed descriptions, photo-micrographic illustrations, polymorphism, and multigene phylogenetic analyses of Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood criteria.
How French alternative media channels on YouTube portray the government and mainstream media on YouTube
Authors: Reveilhac Maud , Nchakga Camille
Published: January 2025

In an increasingly fragmented media landscape, YouTube has become a pivotal platform for alternative media channels that challenge mainstream media and governmental narratives. This study investigates how French alternative media channels on YouTube shape their identities and discourse regarding the government. The study analyzes content from these channels to understand their impact on the media ecosystem. Using word embedding and correspondence analysis, the study reveals a strong antagonistic stance toward mainstream media and government. Findings show that alternative media channels function as new gatekeepers, using decentralized mechanisms to disseminate information, thus redefining traditional gatekeeping roles. They simultaneously provide factual content and amplify skeptical narratives, contributing to public mistrust in journalism and governmental institutions. The implications are discussed along the evolving role of alternative media in shaping public perceptions and the need for ongoing research to capture these complex interactions in an ever-changing media landscape.
A new mathematical model to improve encryption process based on Split-Radix Fast Fourier Transform algorithm
Authors: Mohamud Abdulle Hassan
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a new encryption method aimed at improving the cryptography process through the use of splitting radix Fourier Transform technique called Split-Radix Fast Fourier Transforms (SRFFT). The proposed method is based on splitting the FFT radix-2 and radix-4 algorithms to achieve improved information assurance by SRFFT two phases. The first phase applies direct computation of SRFFT algorithm on input plaintext to produce a ciphertext and the second phase applies the reversing SRFFT algorithm to decipher. Several types of cryptoanalysis attacks such as brute-forcing, autocorrelation and dictionary attacks are comparatively evaluated and the end result of SRFFT evaluation indicates that SRFFT is preferable in many practical encryption applications since SRFFT complexity increases with the range of split-radix computations thus eliminating the potential chances of cryptanalysis attacks.
Cardiac computer tomography-derived radiomics in assessing myocardial characteristics at the connection between the left atrial appendage and the left atrium in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Wei Xiao-Xuan , Li Cai-Ying , Yang Hai-Qing , Song Peng , Wu Bai-Lin , Zhu Fang-Hua , Hu Jing , Xu Xiao-Yu , Tian Xin
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility of utilizing cardiac computer tomography (CT) images for extracting the radiomic features of the myocardium at the junction between the left atrial appendage (LAA) and the left atrium (LA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to evaluate its asscociation with the risk of AF.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 82 cases of AF and 56 cases in the control group who underwent cardiac CT at our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023, with recorded clinical information. The morphological parameters of the LAA were measured. A radiomics model, a clincal feature model and a model combining radiomics and clinical features were constructed. The radiomics model was built by extracting radiomic features of the myocardial tissue using Pyradiomics, and employing Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method for feature selection, combining random forest with support vector machine (SVM) classifier.

Results

There were 82 cases in the AF group [44 males, 65.00 (59, 70)], and 56 cases in the control group (21 males, 61.09 ± 7.18). Age, BMI, hypertension, CHA2DS-VASC score, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), LAA volume, LA volume, the myocardial thickness at the junction of LAA and LA, the area, circumference, short diameter, and long diameter of the LAA opening, were significantly different between the AF group and the control group (P < 0.05). After conducting multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that BMI, the myocardial thickness at the junction of the LAA and the LA, LA volume, NLR and CHA2DS-VASC score were related to AF. 12 radiomics features of the myocardium at the junction of the LAA and the LA were extracted and identified. ROC curve analysis confirmed that the nomogram based on radiomics scores and clinical factors can effectively predict AF (AUC 0.869).

Conclusion

Radiomics enables the extraction of the myocardial characteristics at the junction of the LAA and the LA, which are related with AF, facilitating the assessment of its relationship with the risk of AF. The combination of radiomics with clinical characteristics enhances the evaluation capabilities significantly.
Prognostication in emergency room patients: comparing ultrasensitive and contemporary quantification of cardiac troponin levels below the 99th percentile
Authors: Carrasquer Anna , Cediel Germán , Gómez-Sanz Alma , Peiró Óscar M. , Fort-Gallifa Isabel , Bardaji Alfredo , Ferreiro Jose Luis
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cardiac troponin levels below the 99th percentile improve the predictive efficacy for cardiovascular events when associated with relevant clinical variables. However, whether ultra-sensitive analytical methods improve this predictive efficacy over less sensitive or contemporary analytical methods remains unknown.

Methods

This retrospective observational study involved consecutive patients who presented to the emergency department for suspected acute coronary syndrome and underwent measurement of ultra-sensitive cardiac troponin I (Singulex) and contemporary cardiac troponin I (Siemens) with levels below the 99th percentile. The clinical characteristics of these patients were analysed, and the efficacy of both analytical methods for predicting cardiovascular events over a 4-year follow-up period was compared.

Results

In total, 838 patients were analysed (mean age, 62.9 ± 16.6 years; 42.2% women). Their cumulative incidence of the composite cardiovascular event (death, readmission for myocardial infarction, and readmission for heart failure) was 25.9% over the 4-year follow-up. Both Singulex cardiac troponin I (analysed by quartiles) and Siemens cardiac troponin (analysed as detectable/undetectable) improved the predictive efficacy for the combined event over clinical variables [Harrell's C-index (95% confidence interval): 0.77 (0.74–0.80) vs. 0.79 (0.76–0.81) and 0.77 (0.74–0.80) vs. 0.78 (0.75–0.81), respectively; p = 0.018]. However, there were no statistically significant difference between the two predictive models that included the aforementioned troponin assays.

Conclusions

Detectable levels of cardiac troponin using a contemporary analytical method or those near the 99th percentile using an ultra-sensitive analytical method improve the predictive efficacy for cardiovascular events, with no differences between the two methods
Assessment of degraded lands in the Ile-Balkhash region, Kazakhstan
Authors: Bissenbayeva Sanim , Salmurzauly Ruslan , Tokbergenova Aigul , Zhengissova Nazym , Xing Jialuo
Published: January 2025

It is estimated that approximately 66% of Kazakhstan’s territory is susceptible to desertification. One of the most significantly affected regions in terms of land degradation is the Ile-Balkhash Basin, where environmental pressures have intensified due to factors such as water scarcity, soil erosion and unsustainable land use practices. This study aims to evaluate the dynamics and risk rates of desertification, as well as its severity, in the Ile-Balkhash region. To achieve the set goal of objectives, a variety of methods were employed, including desertification divided index (DDI) for the identification of desertification dynamics, correlation analysis for the detection of relationships between different indicators, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the modelling of the desertification risk rate in the study area. The spatial distribution of desertification degrees (severe, high, medium, low, and non-desertification) was identified using DDI methodologies. The results indicate that the area of severe desertification in the dry region exhibited a decline by 2020, followed by an increase. The area of high desertification and non-desertification regions has increased, while medium and low desertification areas remained relatively unchanged. The northern part of the region is experiencing the most rapid increase in DDI due to human agricultural activities and landscape features. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that precipitation is the primary factor influencing the spatial distribution of desertification. In addition, the results of the PCA model based on spectral indices indicate that the northern part of the region, where land use for pasture is prevalent, is the most vulnerable to desertification. The potential for further land degradation is heightened by the current mismanagement of land and the failure to adequately address shifting climate conditions. Factors such as temperature fluctuations, overgrazing, and specific landscape features serve to exacerbate the process of desertification. This comprehensive examination of land desertification can facilitate the formulation of effective policy strategies for the implementation of land rehabilitation plans in the Ile-Balkhash region and arid areas of southern Kazakhstan.
A comprehensive analysis of erectile dysfunction prevalence and the impact of prostate conditions on ED among US adults: evidence from NHANES 2001-2004
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Zang Nan , Xiang Yingyue , Lin Fanlu , Liu Xue , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain penile erection sufficient for intercourse. While previous research suggests a potential link between ED and prostate pathologies, the association between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, prostatic cancer (PCa), and ED remains to be elucidated.

Methods

Data from participants (40-80 years, n=2225) were extracted from the NHANES 2001-2004 for this observational study. The investigation encompassed the following aspects: assessment of ED prevalence within subgroups, comparison of baseline characteristics between individuals with and without ED, analysis of associations between BPH, prostatitis, PCa, and ED using multivariable weighted logistic regression in the 40-60 and 60-80 age groups and subgroup analysis based on body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking status.

Results

Among the 2225 participants, the weighted prevalence of ED was 27.47%, with 16.17% in the 40-60 years age group and 56.98% in the 60-80 years age group. BPH had an ED prevalence of 47.57%, prostatitis 34.62%, and PCa 85.62%. Comparative analysis between ED and non-ED groups revealed significant differences in education levels, PIR, smoking and alcohol status, creatinine, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, BPH, and PCa. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified BPH as an independent risk factor for ED in the 60-80 years age group (OR=1.93; 95% CI, 1.18-3.18, P=0.02), and PCa was positively associated with ED in both the 40-60 years group (OR=11.90; 95% CI, 1.41-100.50, P=0.03) and the 40-80 years group (OR=7.30; 95% CI, 2.12-25.08, P=0.01). No clear correlation was found between prostatitis and ED. Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between BPH and ED was significant in non-diabetic, overweight/obese, and smoking groups, while the association between PCa and ED was more pronounced in non-diabetic, hypertensive individuals across all body mass index (BMI) categories, and in both smoking and non-smoking groups. Prostatitis showed no significant relationship with ED in any subgroup.

Conclusion

The study established BPH and PCa as significant risk factors for ED, with no substantial link detected between prostatitis and ED. This finding highlights the necessity for tailored screening and management protocols for individuals with BPH and PCa to mitigate the burden of ED.
Association between different insulin resistance indices and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Huan , Chen Yinmei , Ding Dexin , Chen Hui
Published: January 2025

Aim

Previous research has shown a strong association between insulin resistance (IR) and both the onset and advancement of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This research focuses on examining the relationship between IR and all-cause mortality in individuals with DKD.

Methods

This study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning the years 2001 to 2018. Insulin resistance was assessed using reliable indicators (HOMA-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR). The relationship between IR indices and survival outcomes was evaluated through weighted multivariate Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling. To examine non-linear associations, the log-likelihood ratio test was employed, with piecewise regression models used to establish confidence intervals and identify threshold values. Diagnostic precision and efficacy were gauged using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Area Under the Curve (AUC) evaluations, and calibration plots. Moreover, to verify the consistency of our results, stratified analyses and interaction tests were conducted across variables including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), hypertension, and cardiovascular status.

Results

This research involved a group of 1,588 individuals diagnosed with DKD. Over a median observation period of 74 months, 630 participants passed away. Using weighted multivariate Cox regression along with restricted cubic spline modeling, we identified non-linear associations between the four insulin resistance indices and all-cause mortality. An analysis of threshold effects pinpointed essential turning points for each IR index in this research: 1.14 for HOMA-IR, 9.18 for TyG, 207.9 for TyG-BMI, and 35.85 for METS-IR. It was noted that levels below these thresholds inversely correlated with all-cause mortality. In contrast, values above these points showed a significantly positive correlation, suggesting heightened mortality risks. The accuracy of these four IR metrics as indicators of all-cause mortality was confirmed through ROC and calibration curve analyses.

Conclusion

In patients with DKD, an L-shaped association is noted between HOMA-IR and all-cause mortality, while TyG, TyG-BMI, and METS-IR exhibit U-shaped relationships. All four IR indices show good predictive performance.
Golgi protein 73: charting new territories in diagnosing significant fibrosis in MASLD: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Hong Shan , Liu Ziyu , Li Ping , Zhang Jing , Wei Hongshan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To explore the correlation between serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) levels and the degree of fibrosis in Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); to establish a non-invasive diagnostic algorithm based on serum GP73 and liver elasticity.

Methods

This is a prospective cross-sectional study, including 228 patients diagnosed with MASLD from May 2018 to January 2024 at two tertiary hospitals. Clinical data and hepatic pathological features and the correlation between serum GP73 and liver fibrosis were assessed. A new algorithm was conducted after logistic regression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare its diagnostic performance with traditional models.

Results

Significant fibrosis was diagnosed in 37.2% (85/228) patients. Serum GP73 levels were markedly higher in patients with significant fibrosis than in those without (128 ng/mL v.s 46 ng/mL, p< 0.001). Serum GP73 levels independently predicted significant liver fibrosis (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.028, p< 0.001). A new algorithm based on GP73 was developed with a higher area under ROC (AUC) of 0.840 than that of Fibrosis index-4 (p< 0.001).

Conclusions

Serum GP73 is an independent risk factor for significant liver fibrosis in MASLD, and the GFA (GP73-Fibroscan-Age) model has good diagnostic efficacy for significant liver fibrosis.
The spatiotemporal evolution and prediction of vegetation NPP in the Huangshui River Basin of Qilian Mountains
Authors: Ding Sujing , Sun Qiang , Guo Yan , Wei Xiao
Published: January 2025

The Qilian Mountains and Huangshui River Basin (HRB) represent significant ecological functional areas and carbon reservoirs within China. The estimation and prediction of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) in this area is beneficial for the management of China’s terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, the existing estimation methods for vegetation NPP at the local scale are characterised by considerable uncertainty and error, and have not accounted for the influence of multi-factor interactions. Accordingly, this study initially sought to quantify the vegetation NPP data within the HRB from 2000 to 2019 through the implementation of an improved Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model. Subsequently, it endeavoured to elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and influencing factors of vegetation NPP within the HRB over the years. Subsequently, the ConvGRU spatiotemporal prediction model was employed to investigate the prospective trajectory of vegetation NPP in the HRB. The findings revealed a notable upward trajectory in the annual variation of vegetation NPP in the HRB between 2000 and 2019. The majority of regions have demonstrated a notable increase in vegetation NPP, although a few areas have exhibited a decline. Furthermore, the correlation between vegetation NPP and PRE, TEMP, SR, and NDVI exhibits regional disparities. Furthermore, the spatial variation characteristics of vegetation NPP in the HRB in the future also demonstrate an overall increasing trend. Additionally, the vegetation NPP in the HRB exhibits significant spatial distribution characteristics, with evident trends of hot spot contraction or cold spot expansion. This study provides pivotal methods and theoretical support for the assessment of carbon sequestration status in the HRB of the Qilian Mountains and analogous regions.
Study on the coupling role and forecasting of energy-economy-environment triple system based on system dynamics approach, taking Inner Mongolia autonomous region as an example
Authors: Zhu Hongtao , Zhu Yue , Hu Bo , Qiao Yongfeng , Liu Luxia
Published: January 2025

The sustainable development of Inner Mongolia, particularly the coordinated development of energy, economy, and environment, plays a crucial role in shaping energy strategies and environmental protection policies for both Inner Mongolia and China. Based on this, the study focuses on the energy-economy-environment coupling in Inner Mongolia, employing system dynamics for multi-scenario simulations. The findings reveal: (1) the overall coupling coordination degree is improving, with the energy-environment friendly scenario yielding the best results; (2) industrial pollution and energy consumption are significant factors influencing coupling coordination; (3) addressing energy consumption and achieving carbon neutrality are long-term challenges for Inner Mongolia’s sustainable development. Therefore, Inner Mongolia should optimize its industrial structure, promote high-tech and low-carbon industries, improve energy efficiency, develop renewable energy, and strengthen pollution control and carbon emission management to achieve sustainable development across its economy, energy, and environment.
Improving prenatal diagnosis with combined karyotyping, CNV-seq and QF-PCR: a comprehensive analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in high-risk pregnancies
Authors: Liu Jia-pei , Wang Shan-Bing , Luo Li , Guo Ya-mei
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to assess the diagnostic efficacy of a combined approach integrating chromosomal karyotyping, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) in detecting chromosomal abnormalities in high-risk pregnancies.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 617 high-risk pregnancies undergoing prenatal diagnosis from February 2023 to August 2024, with amniotic fluid samples concurrently analyzed using karyotyping, CNV-seq, and QF-PCR. We evaluated clinical characteristics, diagnostic yields, and inter-method concordance rates. Longitudinal follow-up assessed pregnancy outcomes and neonatal phenotypes, with particular emphasis on cases demonstrating diagnostic discrepancies or variants of uncertain clinical significance.

Results

The integrated approach detected chromosomal abnormalities in 12.5% (77/617) of cases, significantly higher than the rates achieved by karyotyping alone (9.7%) and CNV-seq/QF-PCR alone (8.3%) (p < 0.05). Karyotyping showed full concordance with CNV-seq and QF-PCR in detecting major chromosomal aneuploidies, identifying 21 cases of trisomy 21 and 4 cases of trisomy 18. CNV-seq uniquely identified additional pathogenic copy number variations in 2.1% of cases and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in 3.2% of cases, both undetectable by conventional karyotyping. Subjects with high-risk non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results had the highest abnormality detection rate (57.6%, p < 0.05). Follow-up data revealed pregnancy termination in 44 of 97 cases with chromosomal abnormalities. Notably, neonates carrying pathogenic CNVs inherited from asymptomatic parents demonstrated normal phenotypes.

Conclusion

The integration of karyotyping, CNV-seq, and QF-PCR provides superior diagnostic yield compared to individual testing strategies in high-risk pregnancies. Although karyotyping remains the gold standard for detecting major chromosomal aberrations, CNV-seq and QF-PCR enhance diagnostic precision through detection of submicroscopic variations. Multi-center studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and clarify the clinical significance of uncertain variants.
Exploring potential therapeutic targets for small cell lung cancer based on transcriptomics combined with Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Liao Zhicheng , Jia Pengcheng , Li Yifan , Zheng Zhihui , Zhang Jizhou
Published: January 2025

Objective

The main objective of this study was to explore and identify new genetic targets in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) through transcriptomics analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which will help in the subsequent development of new therapeutic interventions.

Methods

In this study, we extracted the SCLC dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, processed the data, and screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using R software. Based on expression quantitative trait loci data and the genome-wide association study data of SCLC, MR analysis was used to screen the genes closely related to SCLC disease, which intersect with DEGs to obtain co-expressed genes (CEGs), and the biological functions and pathways of CEGs were further explored by enrichment analysis. In addition, the CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to assess the level of immune cell infiltration in SCLC and to analyze the correlation between CEGs and immune cells. Meanwhile, we performed a survival analysis on these five CEGs using an independent cohort of SCLC patients. Finally, the results for the target genes were validated.

Results

In this study, 857 DEGs were identified, including 443 up-regulated and 414 down-regulated genes, and 5 CEGs (PSAT1, PSRC1, COLEC12, PLLP, HP) that were significantly associated with SCLC were identified through further intersecting. The results of enrichment analyses indicated that CEGs play important roles in several key functions and pathways. Immune-cell-related analysis revealed the unique distribution of immune cell infiltration in SCLC and the mechanism of immune cell regulation by CEGs. Survival analysis results indicated that PSRC1 was significantly correlated with the overall survival of SCLC, and the survival rate of the high-expression group was markedly lower than that of the low-expression group. Finally, the consistency of the results between the validation group analyses and MR analysis confirmed that the results of this study is reliable.

Conclusion

The CEGs and their associated functions and pathways screened in this study may be potential targets of therapeutic intervention in SCLC by targeting specific molecular pathways.
The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD44 as a marker for pulmonary fibrosis in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Authors: Suchankova Magda , Zsemlye Eszter , Urban Jan , Baráth Peter , Kohútová Lenka , Siváková Barbara , Ganovska Martina , Tibenska Elena , Szaboova Kinga , Tedlova Eva , Juskanic Dominik , Kluckova Kristina , Kardohelyova Michaela , Moskalets Tetiana , Ohradanova-Repic Anna , Babulic Patrik , Bucova Maria , Leksa Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) cover heterogeneous types of lung disorders. Among many pathological phenotypes, pulmonary fibrosis is the most devastating and represents a characteristic sign of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Despite a poor prognosis brought by pulmonary fibrosis, there are no specific diagnostic biomarkers for the initial development of this fatal condition. The major hallmark of lung fibrosis is uncontrolled activation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts associated with extracellular matrix deposition and the loss of both lung structure and function.

Methods

Here, we used this peculiar feature in order to identify specific biomarkers of pulmonary fibrosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). The primary MRC-5 human fibroblasts were activated with BALF collected from patients with clinically diagnosed lung fibrosis; the activated fibroblasts were then washed rigorously, and further incubated to allow secretion. Afterwards, the secretomes were analysed by mass spectrometry.

Results

In this way, the CD44 protein was identified; consequently, BALF of all DPLD patients were positively tested for the presence of CD44 by ELISA. Finally, biochemical and biophysical characterizations revealed an exosomal origin of CD44. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis confirmed CD44 in BALF as a specific and reliable biomarker of IPF and other types of DPLD accompanied with pulmonary fibrosis.
Case report: Efgartigimod is a novel therapeutic option for ocular myasthenia gravis: a report of 2 cases
Authors: Ma Tianying , Zhu Ying , Zhu Ruixia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Efgartigimod has been approved for the treatment of acetylcholine receptor antibodies-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (AChR-Ab+gMG), but its efficacy in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is not known.

Case presentation

We describe 2 cases of patients with AChR-Ab+ OMG who showed unfavorable responses to corticosteroids and tacrolimus. Within 2 weeks of initiating efgartigimod, both patients showed rapid improvement and minimal symptom expression was achieved in weeks 3 to 4, which was maintained up to week 12.

Conclusion

The 2 cases described herein provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of efgartigimod for the treatment of OMG for patients who do not respond or are intolerant to conventional medications. Large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
DNA vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics against cancer: a new insight
Authors: Shariati Alireza , Khezrpour Arya , Shariati Fatemeh , Afkhami Hamed , Yarahmadi Aref , Alavimanesh Sajad , Kamrani Sina , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein , Khani Pouria
Published: January 2025

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality around the world and most of our conventional treatments are not efficient enough to combat this deadly disease. Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer cells is one of the most appealing methods for cancer therapy. Nucleotide-based cancer vaccines, especially deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cancer vaccines are viable novel cancer treatments that have recently garnered significant attention. DNA cancer vaccines are made of plasmid molecules that encode tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens (TAAs or TSAs), and possibly some other immunomodulatory adjuvants such as pro-inflammatory interleukins. Following the internalization of plasmids into cells, their genes are expressed and the tumor antigens are loaded on major histocompatibility molecules to be presented to T-cells. After the T-cells have been activated, they will look for tumor antigens and destroy the tumor cells upon encountering them. As with any other treatment, there are pros and cons associated with using these vaccines. They are relatively safe, usually well-tolerated, stable, easily mass-produced, cost-effective, and easily stored and transported. They can induce a systemic immune response effective on both the primary tumor and metastases. The main disadvantage of DNA vaccines is their poor immunogenicity. Several approaches including structural modification, combination therapy with conventional and novel cancer treatments (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)), and the incorporation of adjuvants into the plasmid structure have been studied to enhance the vaccine’s immunogenicity and improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss some of the most promising optimization strategies and examine some of the important trials regarding these vaccines.
Analysis of whole transcriptome reveals the immune response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and tylvalosin tartrate treatment in the porcine alveolar macrophages
Authors: Du Kun , Xia Yu , Wu Qian , Yin Miao , Zhao Hong , Chen Xi-wen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen that has caused severe economic losses in the swine industry. Screening key host immune-related genetic factors in the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) is critical to improve the anti-virial ability in pigs.

Methods

In this study, an in vivo model was set to evaluate the anti-PRRSV effect of tylvalosin tartrates. Then, strand-specific RNA-sequencing (ssRNA-seq) and miRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq) were carried out to profile the whole transcriptome of PAMs in the negative control, PRRSV-infected, and tylvalosin tartrates-treatment group.

Results

The ssRNA-seq identified 11740 long non-coding RNAs in PAMs. Based on our attention mechanism-improved graph convolutional network, 41.07% and 28.59% lncRNAs were predicted to be located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. The miRNA-seq revealed that tylvalosin tartrates-enhanced miRNAs might play roles in regulating angiogenesis and innate immune-related functions, and it rescued the expression of three anti-inflammation miRNAs (ssc-miR-30a-5p, ssc-miR-218-5p, and ssc-miR-218) that were downregulated due to PRRSV infection. The cytoplasmic lncRNAs enhanced by tylvalosin tartrates might form ceRNA networks with miRNAs to regulate PAM chemotaxis. While cytoplasmic lncRNAs that were rescued by tylvalosin tartrates might protect PAMs via efferocytosis-related ceRNA networks. On the other hand, the tylvalosin tartrates-rescued nuclear lncRNAs might negatively regulate T cell apoptosis and bind to key anti-inflammation factor IL37 to protect the lungs by cis- and trans-regulation.

Conclusions

Our data provides a catalog of key non-coding RNAs in response to PRRSV and tylvalosin tartrates and might enrich the genetic basis for future PRRSV prevention and control.
Top 100 most-cited articles on apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer over the past two decades: a bibliometrics analysis
Authors: Ma Leshi , Zhang Jing , Dai Zi , Liao Pei , Guan Jieshan , Luo Zhijie
Published: January 2025

Background

Recently there has been an increasing number of studies have explored apoptosis mechanisms in lung cancer (LC). However, no researchers have conducted a bibliometric analysis of the most cited articles in this field.

Objective

To examine the top 100 most influential and cited publications on apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2004 to 2023, summarizing research trends and key focus areas.

Methods

This study utilized the Web of Science Core Database (WOSCC) to research NSCLC apoptosis from 2004 to 2023, using keyword selection and manual screening for article searches. Bibliometrix package of R software 4.3.1 was used to generate distribution statistics for the top ten institutions, journals and authors. Citespace6.2. R6 was used to create the visualization maps for keyword co-occurrence and clustering. VOSviewer1.6.19 was used to conduct cluster analysis of publishing countries (regions), with data exported to SCImago Graphica for geographic visualization and cooperation analysis. VOSviewer1.6.19 was used to produced co-citation maps of institutions, journals, authors, and references.

Results

From 2004 to 2023, 13316 articles were retrieved, and the top 100 most cited were chosen. These were authored by 934 individuals from 269 institutions across 18 countries and appeared in 45 journals. Citations ranged from 150 to 1,389, with a median of 209.5. The most influential articles appeared in 2005 and 2007 (n=13). The leading countries (regions), institutions, journals and authors were identified as the United States (n=60), Harvard University (n=64), CANCER RESEARCH (n=15), SUN M and YANG JS (n=6). The top five keywords were “expression”, “activation”, “apoptosis”, “pathway” and “gefitinib”. This study indicates that enhancing apoptosis through circular RNA regulation and targeting the Nrf2 signaling pathway could become a key research focus in recent years.

Conclusion

Apoptosis has been the subject of extensive research over many years, particularly in relation to its role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of NSCLC. This study aims to identify highly influential articles and forecast emerging research trends, thereby offering insights into novel therapeutic targets and strategies to overcome drug resistance. The findings are intended to serve as a valuable reference for scholars engaged in this field of study.
Cholesterol metabolism regulator SREBP2 inhibits HBV replication via suppression of HBx nuclear translocation
Authors: Yang Fan , Hu Feng , Song Hongxiao , Li Tie , Xu Fengchao , Xu Jing , Wang Le , Wang Fei , Zhu Yujia , Huang Mian , Gao Yanli , Rao Min , Ma Haichun , Tan Guangyun
Published: January 2025

The intricate link between cholesterol metabolism and host immune responses is well recognized, but the specific mechanisms by which cholesterol biosynthesis influences hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication remain unclear. In this study, we show that SREBP2, a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism, inhibits HBV replication by interacting directly with the HBx protein, thereby preventing its nuclear translocation. We also found that inhibiting the ER-to-Golgi transport of the SCAP-SREBP2 complex or blocking SREBP2 maturation significantly enhances HBV suppression. Notably, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of SREBP2, rather than its N-terminal domain (NTD), mediates this inhibition by interacting with HBx and promoting its extracellular secretion, thus reducing nuclear HBx accumulation. These findings reveal a novel regulatory pathway that links cholesterol metabolism to HBV replication via SREBP2-mediated control of HBx localization. This insight provides a potential basis for new therapeutic strategies against HBV infection, addressing an important global health issue.