bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcification in Human Intracranial Aneurysms Is Highly Prevalent and Displays Both Atherosclerotic and Nonatherosclerotic Types
Authors: Gade Piyusha S. , Tulamo Riikka , Lee Kee-won , Mut Fernando , Ollikainen Eliisa , Chuang Chih-Yuan , Jae Chung Bong , Niemelä Mika , Rezai Jahromi Behnam , Aziz Khaled , Yu Alexander , Charbel Fady T. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Frösen Juhana , Cebral Juan R. , Robertson Anne M.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

Although the clinical and biological importance of calcification is well recognized for the extracerebral vasculature, its role in cerebral vascular disease, particularly, intracranial aneurysms (IAs), remains poorly understood. Extracerebrally, 2 distinct mechanisms drive calcification, a nonatherosclerotic, rapid mineralization in the media and a slower, inflammation driven, atherosclerotic mechanism in the intima. This study aims to determine the prevalence, distribution, and type (atherosclerotic, nonatherosclerotic) of calcification in IAs and assess differences in occurrence between ruptured and unruptured IAs.

Approach and Results:

Sixty-five 65 IA specimens (48 unruptured, 17 ruptured) were resected perioperatively. Calcification and lipid pools were analyzed nondestructively in intact samples using high resolution (0.35 μm) microcomputed tomography. Calcification is highly prevalent (78%) appearing as micro (<500 µm), meso (500 µm–1 mm), and macro (>1 mm) calcifications. Calcification manifests in IAs as both nonatherosclerotic (calcification distinct from lipid pools) and atherosclerotic (calcification in the presence of lipid pools) with 3 wall types: Type I—only calcification, no lipid pools (20/51, 39%), Type II—calcification and lipid pools, not colocalized (19/51, 37%), Type III—calcification colocalized with lipid pools (12/51, 24%). Ruptured IAs either had no calcifications or had nonatherosclerotic micro- or meso-calcifications (Type I or II), without macro-calcifications.

Conclusions:

Calcification in IAs is substantially more prevalent than previously reported and presents as both nonatherosclerotic and atherosclerotic types. Notably, ruptured aneurysms had only nonatherosclerotic calcification, had significantly lower calcification fraction, and did not contain macrocalcifications. Improved understanding of the role of calcification in IA pathology should lead to new therapeutic targets.
Regulation of Stress Granule Formation by Inflammation, Vascular Injury, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Herman Allison B. , Silva Afonso Milessa , Kelemen Sheri E. , Ray Mitali , Vrakas Christine N. , Burke Amy C. , Scalia Rosario G. , Moore Kathryn , Autieri Michael V.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic aggregates containing mRNA, RNA-binding proteins, and translation factors that form in response to cellular stress. SGs have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, but their role in vascular diseases is unknown. This study shows that SGs accumulate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages during atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

Immunohistochemical analysis of atherosclerotic plaques from LDLR
−
/−
mice revealed an increase in the stress granule-specific markers Ras-G3BP1 (GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein) and PABP (poly-A-binding protein) in intimal macrophages and smooth muscle cells that correlated with disease progression. In vitro, PABP+ and G3BP1+ SGs were rapidly induced in VSMC and bone marrow–derived macrophages in response to atherosclerotic stimuli, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein and mediators of mitochondrial or oxidative stress. We observed an increase in eIF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha) phosphorylation, a requisite for stress granule formation, in cells exposed to these stimuli. Interestingly, SG formation, PABP expression, and eIF2α phosphorylation in VSMCs is reversed by treatment with the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-19. Microtubule inhibitors reduced stress granule accumulation in VSMC, suggesting cytoskeletal regulation of stress granule formation. SG formation in VSMCs was also observed in other vascular disease pathologies, including vascular restenosis. Reduction of SG component G3BP1 by siRNA significantly altered expression profiles of inflammatory, apoptotic, and proliferative genes.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that SG formation is a common feature of the vascular response to injury and disease, and that modification of inflammation reduces stress granule formation in VSMC.
Towards Precision Medicine With Human iPSCs for Cardiac Channelopathies
Authors: Wu Joseph C. , Garg Priyanka , Yoshida Yoshinori , Yamanaka Shinya , Gepstein Lior , Hulot Jean-Sébastien , Knollmann Björn C. , Schwartz Peter J.
Published: August 2019

Long-QT syndrome, a frequently fatal inherited arrhythmia syndrome caused by genetic variants (congenital) or drugs (acquired), affects 1 in 2000 people worldwide. Its sentinel event is often sudden cardiac death, which makes preclinical diagnosis by genetic testing potentially life-saving. Unfortunately, clinical experience with genetic testing has shown that it is difficult to correctly identify genetic variants as disease causing. These current deficiencies in accurately assigning pathogenicity led to the discovery of increasing numbers of rare variants classified as variant of uncertain significance. To overcome these challenges, new technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome editing can be combined with human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes to provide a new approach to decipher pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance and to better predict arrhythmia risk. To that end, the overarching goal of our network is to establish the utility of induced pluripotent stem cell–based platforms to solve major clinical problems associated with long-QT syndrome by determining how to (1) differentiate pathogenic mutations from background genetic noise, (2) assess existing and novel variants associated with congenital and acquired long-QT syndrome, and (3) provide genotype- and phenotype- guided risk stratification and pharmacological management of long-QT syndrome. To achieve these goals and to further advance the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in disease modeling and drug discovery, our team of investigators for this Leducq Foundation Transatlantic Networks of Excellence proposal will work together to (1) improve differentiation efficiency, cellular maturation, and lineage specificity, (2) develop new assays for high throughput cellular phenotyping, and (3) train young investigators to clinically implement patient-specific genetic modeling.
Association of Blood Pressure During Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke With Functional Outcome
Authors: Maïer Benjamin , Fahed Robert , Khoury Naim , Guenego Adrien , Labreuche Julien , Taylor Guillaume , Blacher Jacques , Zuber Mathieu , Lapergue Bertrand , Blanc Raphaël , Piotin Michel , Mazighi Mikael
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Optimal blood pressure (BP) targets during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are unknown, and randomized controlled trials addressing this issue are lacking. We aimed to perform a systematic review of studies evaluating the influence of periprocedural BP on functional outcome after MT.

Methods—

Studies assessing periprocedural BP effect on functional outcome published after January 1st, 2012 were included in the systematic review. The PRISMA checklist and flow diagram were followed for the design and reporting of this work.

Results—

Nine studies were included, for a total of 1037 patients. The heterogeneity in findings with respect to BP monitoring and studied parameters precluded a meta-analysis. Mean arterial pressure was the most frequently reported parameter to describe BP variability during MT, and systolic BP was the main parameter used to define periprocedural BP targets. Five studies suggested an association between 3 types of BP drops as predictors of poor functional outcome at 3 months: >40% drop in mean arterial pressure compared with baseline (odds ratio=2.8; [1.09–7.19];
P
=0.032), lowest mean arterial pressure before recanalization (odds ratio=1.28; [1.01–1.62] per 10 mm Hg drop below 100 mm Hg;
P
=0.04), and MAP drops (odds ratio=4.38; [1.53–12.6] for drops >10%). Four studies did not show an association between BP during MT and functional outcome, including 3 studies with strict periprocedural systolic BP targets (within a 140–180 mm Hg).

Conclusions—

BP drops during MT may be associated with a worse functional outcome. When strict systolic BP targets are achieved, no association between BP and functional outcome was also noted. Both conclusions require further evaluation in randomized studies.
Karnatic Meets Kattaikkuttu: Notes on an Unusual Cultural Conversation
Authors: de Bruin Hanne M.
Published: August 2019

Karnatic Meets Kattaikkuttu is an experimental production in which urban karnatic concert music and rural kattaikkuttu theatre artists collaborate on equal footing, ignoring the division of the Indian performing arts into “classical” and “folk.” Using music, language, and acting, the production addresses the blindness that prevents people, entrenched within their own cultural, social, and political ghettoes, from experiencing any art form with an open mind.
Automatically Designing State-of-the-Art Multi- and Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Bezerra Leonardo C. T. , López-Ibáñez Manuel , Stützle Thomas
Published: August 2019

A recent comparison of well-established multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) has helped better identify the current state-of-the-art by considering (i) parameter tuning through automatic configuration, (ii) a wide range of different setups, and (iii) various performance metrics. Here, we automatically devise MOEAs with verified state-of-the-art performance for multi- and many-objective continuous optimization. Our work is based on two main considerations. The first is that high-performing algorithms can be obtained from a configurable algorithmic framework in an automated way. The second is that multiple performance metrics may be required to guide this automatic design process. In the first part of this work, we extend our previously proposed algorithmic framework, increasing the number of MOEAs, underlying evolutionary algorithms, and search paradigms that it comprises. These components can be combined following a general MOEA template, and an automatic configuration method is used to instantiate high-performing MOEA designs that optimize a given performance metric and present state-of-the-art performance. In the second part, we propose a multiobjective formulation for the automatic MOEA design, which proves critical for the context of many-objective optimization due to the disagreement of established performance metrics. Our proposed formulation leads to an automatically designed MOEA that presents state-of-the-art performance according to a set of metrics, rather than a single one.
“Are there Legal Texts in the Hebrew Bible that Evince a Concern for Animal Rights?”
Authors: Olyan Saul M.
Published: August 2019

Much has been written about animal rights in the four decades since the appearance of Peter Singer’s classic monograph Animal Liberation (1975) and not a few studies consider – often in passing – what biblical texts have to contribute to debates about animal rights. These studies are, however, almost exclusively the work of non-specialists. I begin to address this dearth of professional scholarship on this topic by exploring what four biblical laws – Exod. 23:10-11, 12; Lev. 25:2-7 and Deut. 5:12-15 – might suggest about the legal standing of animals. As legal scholar Gary L. Francione states, “[W]e normally use [the term “rights”] to describe a type of protection that does not evaporate in the face of consequential considerations.” In this article, I consider whether the four biblical laws in question meet this standard.
How Are Humans Animals? The Human as a Subject of Behavioral Ecology Textbooks
Authors: Hildyard Daisy
Published: August 2019

This article examines the presentation of humans as a subject of ecological and behavioral study in academic biology textbooks and essay collections. It aims to expand a channel of inquiry into the ways in which human relationships with other species are articulated in scientific discourse during an era of anthropogenic climate change (the Anthropocene). Both humans and nonhumans are subjects of behavioral ecology because they undergo evolutionary adaptation. However, the notion that biologists can use evolutionary adaptation to explain human behavior has been much disputed. The article uses literary analysis to argue that a range of behavioral ecology publications, which all use evolutionary adaptation to explain biological processes, employ a variety of textual strategies to situate the human in relation to other species. Rather than arguing that any single approach is particularly appropriate, the focus is on variety as a sign of the complexity of contemporary human and nonhuman identities.
An Examination of Communicative Negotiation of Non-Rescue Dog Stigma
Authors: Romo Lynsey K. , Lloyd Rachel , Grimaila Zoe
Published: August 2019

Recently the pressure to rescue dogs has increased, alongside the number of people opting to adopt dogs from shelters. Yet, many canines acquired in the U.S. are purchased from breeders, potentially resulting in pushback or difficult interactions. Using Communication Privacy Management and facework lenses, this study examined how individuals who bought dogs from breeders or pet shops negotiate communication and interpersonal challenges surrounding their non-rescue dogs. Through interviews of 41 guardians, the investigation found people with dogs they did not rescue carefully managed disclosure and faced threats amidst “non-rescue stigma.” Specifically, non-rescue guardians weighed the risks and rewards when determining whether and how to reveal the source of their dog. By providing excuses and justifications, guardians were able to remediate face threats and present a more desirable identity, particularly among guardians of rescue dogs.
Smooth snake population decline and its link with prey availability
Authors: Reading Christopher , Jofré Gabriela
Published: August 2019

The relationship between the numbers of smooth snakes, Coronella austriaca, and common lizards, Zootoca vivipara, was investigated in a 6.5 ha area of lowland heath within Wareham Forest in southern England. With the exception of 2002 the numbers of lizards, small mammals and individual smooth snakes captured, or observed, were recorded during each of 21 annual surveys between May and October 1997-2018. Smooth snake diet was investigated annually between 2004 and 2015 by analysing faecal samples and showed that lizards, particularly the common lizard, and pigmy shrews, Sorex minutus, were important prey species. There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of any small mammal species and either snake numbers or their presence in smooth snake diet. Over the study period there was an overall decline in the number of smooth snakes captured whilst there was an overall increase in the number of common lizard sightings. The frequency of common lizards found in the diet of smooth snakes was positively correlated with their abundance within the study area. There was a significant correlation between the decline of smooth snake numbers and the subsequent increase in the number of common lizard sightings suggesting that lizard abundance may be controlled by snake numbers. Conversely, we found no evidence indicating that smooth snake numbers were dependent on lizard numbers suggesting that factors other than prey availability e.g. habitat change due to cattle grazing, blocking ground water drainage ditches, or climatic variables, were impacting on snake numbers, particularly between 2012 and 2018.
Introduction: The Culture of Jesuit Erudition in an Age of Enlightenment
Authors: Burson Jeffrey D.
Published: August 2019

Although works on religious, specifically Catholic, and more specifically Jansenist, contributions to the Enlightenment abound, the contributions of the Jesuits to the Enlightenment have remained relatively unexplored since Robert R. Palmer initially identified affinities between Jesuit thought and the emergence of the French Enlightenment as long ago as 1939. Accordingly, this introduction and the essays contained within the pages of this special issue revisit and further explore ways in which the individual Jesuits contributed to broader patterns of European intellectual and cultural history during the age of Enlightenment. Taken together, the contributions to this special issue investigate different aspects of an important question: to what extent were some Jesuits (at time, despite themselves, and at times, even against the grain of the order’s official positions) unlikely contributors to the Enlightenment? This question of whether one might speak of a specifically Jesuit Enlightenment is complicated by the still unsatisfactory scholarly consensus regarding the definition of the Enlightenment. But, growing scholarly attention to the nature of Catholic Enlightenment, and to the continuities linking eighteenth-century preoccupations to the controversies of the seventeenth century have further underscored the need for greater attention to Jesuit contributions to the Enlightenment itself. In this introduction, rather than considering the Enlightenment as a series of transformative and largely eighteenth-century debates rooted in the middle or late seventeenth century, I suggest that Jesuit engagement with the Enlightenment is best understood if the Enlightenment is more firmly anchored somewhat earlier in the culture of late Humanism—a culture that was first weaponized then chastened within the crucible of the European Reformations.
The Enlightened Conservatism of the Malabar Missions: Gaston-Laurent Cœurdoux (1691–1779) and the Making of an Anthropological Classic
Authors: Armenteros Carolina
Published: August 2019

Few authors of scholarly classics shy away from being acknowledged, but such is the case of the author of Mœurs et coutumes des Indiens (Mores and customs of the Indians) (1777)—the first treatise of Indology and a classic of early anthropology—whose real, Jesuit identity remained obscured for over two centuries. The author’s concealment did not, however, prevent his work’s regular re-editing, or its conveyance of an original methodology that helped found ethnography as a discipline and harmonized with enlightened conservatism. To date, this methodology has been read simply as a direct reply to enlightened authors, especially Voltaire, but this essay demonstrates that it derived also from the immersion of eighteenth-century Jesuits in Indian culture, and above all from the vast Indianist tradition that members of the Society of Jesus developed over two centuries of missionary work. Indeed, the story of Mœurs et coutumes discloses that, far from being limited to Europe, enlightened conservatism was a global discourse; and that beyond being invented by Europe’s armchair philosophers, anthropology was a science born outside Europe from the pens of missionaries.
Skepticism, Criticism, and the Making of the Catholic Enlightenment: Rethinking the Career of Jean Hardouin
Authors: Watkins Daniel J.
Published: August 2019

This article evaluates the early career of the French Jesuit Jean Hardouin (1646–1729) and the impact that it had on other Jesuit scholars of the first decades of the eighteenth century. It argues that Hardouin’s historical criticism—a response to skeptical critiques of the certainty of knowledge—pushed other Jesuit writers to consider new epistemological arguments and use new philosophical tools. In this way, Hardouin’s career helped motivate French Jesuit engagement with the ideas and sensibilities of the Enlightenment.
Analysis of nuclear DNA content and ploidy levels in 3x × 4x Lilium (Lilium × elegans L.) progenies by flow cytometry
Authors: Dhiman Mast Ram , Moudgil Siddharth , Parkash Chander , Kumar Raj , Kumar Sandeep , Sindhu S.S. , Agarwal Arun
Published: August 2019

Interploidy crosses between Lilium lancifolium (3x) and Asiatic lily cultivar ‘Brunello’ (4x) were attempted for creating genetic variability and to analyse the progenies for different ploidy levels. Experimental results revealed that most of the crosses attempted were developed into fruits, confirming that male-sterile triploid lilies can be used as the female parent for crossing with a suitable male parent. Wide variation in chromosome numbers (28 to 38) was obtained in different plant progenies, indicating that aneuploidy is generated by 3x × 4x crosses. The nuclear DNA content analysis of 13 plant progenies showed that the 2C nuclear DNA content has increased (range = 32.60 pg to 41.32 pg) as compared to Lilium lancifolium, while it was found lower than the cultivar ‘Brunello. Further, morphological characterization of different plant progenies revealed significant differences among themselves, which confirmed the dependence of these traits on cultivars ploidy level. Therefore, present findings will be instrumental for development of new Lilium cultivars with high aesthetic value and utility.
Salinity-induced changes in growth morphology, gas exchange and leaf abscisic acid level of fifteen polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes
Authors: Nimbolkar P.K. , Kurian Reju M. , Upreti K.K. , Laxman R.H. , Varalakshmi L.R.
Published: August 2019

Mango is a commercial fruit crop in different parts of the tropical and subtropical world. Commercially important monoembryonic varieties are propagated through grafting onto rootstock seedlings of polyembryonic genotypes that plays an important role in sustained growth and production. Use of salt tolerant genotypes as rootstock to combat the adverse effect of salinity could be helpful for commercial mango production in salt affected areas. Current study was carried out to elucidate the effect of salinity stress induced by NaCl + CaCl2 (1:1 w/w) at 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM concentrations in irrigation water on candidate polyembryonic mango genotypes namely EC-95862, Bappakkai, Vellaikolamban, Nekkare, Turpentine, Muvandan, Kurukkan, Kensington, Olour, Manipur, Deorakhio, Vattam, Mylepelian, Sabre and Kitchener. We studied the morpho-physiological changes of these seedlings under salinity induced stress for determining their relative tolerance by assessing growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, inter-nodal length, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, stem diameter and physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, number of stomata and stomata length and width, in addition to ABA content in leaves. Our results clarifies that the polyembryonic genotypes Turpentine, Deorakhio Olour and Bappakkai showed less reduction in terms of growth and better maintenance of gas exchange status under higher level of salinity.
Temperature induced changes in anti-oxidative stress metabolism in maize
Authors: Tiwari Yogesh Kumar , Yadav Sushil Kumar
Published: August 2019

Anti-oxidative system in plants comprising of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants imparts stress tolerance by scavenging/detoxification of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced under high temperature stress. Present investigation deals with the estimation of metabolites and anti-oxidative enzyme activities in four inbred maize lines; NSJ221, NSJ189, PSRJ13099 and RJR270 in response to high temperature stress imposed at reproductive stage by staggered sowing. An increase in H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in all the genotypes, however the increase was higher in PSRJ13099 and RJR270. The activities of studied enzymes increased in NSJ189 and NSJ221 while a decrease was observed in PSRJ13099 and RJR270. Under heat stress isoforms of SOD increased in NSJ189 and NSJ221 while a concomitant decrease was observed in PSRJ13099 and RJR270. Two new SOD-isoforms were also observed in NSJ221. GPX showed more number of high mobility isoforms with low activity in NSJ221 and less mobile isoforms with higher activity in both NSJ189 and NSJ221. Whereas, PSRJ13099 and RJR270 showed decrease band intensity of less mobile GPX-isoforms under heat stress. Activity of CAT-isoforms increased to a similar extent across the genotypes under heat stress. In case of non-enzymatic antioxidants, non-protein thiols increased in all the genotypes while the level of carotenoids depleted in all the genotypes except NSJ221. Ascorbate (AsA) levels depleted in PSRJ13099 and RJR270 and increased in NSJ189 and NSJ221 under heat stress. Understanding the intricate regulatory pathways in crop plants under heat stress will help in developing genotypes with enhanced stress tolerance.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Xylota Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Korea
Authors: JEONG SOO-HYUN , HAN HO-YEON
Published: August 2019

As a result of the study of the hoverfly subtribe Xylotina in Korea, we have recognized the following 14 Xylota species, including eight new to the Korean syrphid fauna (marked with asteristks) and three new to science: X. abiens, X. amaculata*, X. atricoloris*, X. coquilletti, X. filipjevi*, X. fo*, X. ignava, X. pseudoignava*, X. spurivulgaris*, X. tarda*, X. umbrosa*, X. hauseri sp. n., X. orientiflorum sp. n., and X. xanthotarsis sp. n. Among these species, we clarified the identities of three previously confused species, X. coquilletti, X. spurivulgaris and X. fo, which had been collectively identified as a single species, X. coquilletti, in the Korean literature. In addtion, we provided unequivocal characters to separate two sibling species pairs based on their external characters including genitalic structure (X. hauseri sp. n. vs. X. umbrosa; X. pseudoignava vs. X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; X. filipjevi vs. X. tarda). In order to aid accurate identification of the Korean Xylota, diagnoses, descriptions, and color photographs of external structures including male genitalia are provided. For the taxonomic key, we included all the Korean genera of the subtribe Xylotina (Xylota, Brachypalpus and Chalcosyrphus).
Review of the fossil record of Bittacomorphinae (Diptera: Ptychopteridae)
Authors: LUKASHEVICH ELENA D.
Published: August 2019

The fossil record of Bittacomorphinae is poor. The two extant bittacomorphine genera are unknown as fossils and only two extinct genera, each with two species, have been described earlier: Zhiganka Lukashevich, 1995 from the Mesozoic of Eurasia and Probittacomorpha Freiwald et Willmann, 1992 from the Cenozoic of Europe. Both previously known species of Zhiganka have each been described based on a single isolated wing. A discovery of well preserved complete males and females of Zhiganka longialata sp. nov. from Khasurty (Western Transbaikalia, Russia) makes the diagnosis of Bittacomorphinae more vague, but does not contradict the bittacomorphine affinity of Zhiganka and confirms the Early Cretaceous age of the subfamily.
Imaging Tumor Oxidative Stress with Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Razavi Mehdi , Ren Gang , Wang Jing , Kimura Richard , Thakor Avnesh S.
Published: August 2019

We synthesized a new surface enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticle (SERS NP) which can detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus changes in oxidative stress (OS). Our SERS NP was synthesized using a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) core which was then coated with a dihydrorhodamine (DHR123)
Raman layer. In the presence of ROS, DHR123 is converted to rhodamine123 (Rd123) which has a distinct Raman fingerprint. Next, AuNP-DHR123 were encapsulated in a mesoporous-SiO2 shell to help appose DHR123 to the AuNP core. Finally, the AuNP-DHR123-mesoporous-SiO2 was
functionalized with cystine knot peptides that target integrin αvβ6. Our SERS NP was initially optimized in vitro using solutions containing reactive oxygen species as well as human cancer cell lines. Finally, in a xenograft animal model,
we demonstrated the in vivo ability of our SERS NP to target a tumor, as well as provide a reading of the amount of OS within the tumor.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for C-Reactive Protein Based on Gold Nanoparticles@Metal Porphyrin Porous Compound
Authors: Wang Min , Meng Shuang , Gu MengQiao , Chi KuanNeng , Ma YuChan , Deng Yan , Zhang Xi , Li Delei , Hu Rong , Yang Yunhui
Published: August 2019

In this paper, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using gold nanoparticles/metal porphyrin porous compound (Au NPs@PAF-40-Fe) as a marker was developed. Quantitative detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) was achieved by UV-visible spectrophotometry under optimal conditions.
The sensor has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.05–2000 ng/mL. The lower limit of detection was 0.017 ng/mL (S/N = 3), the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9921, and the average recovery was 100.74%. The ELISA has good selectivity and provides a sensitive way for detection
of CRP.
Magnetic/Gold Core–Shell Hybrid Particles for Targeting and Imaging-Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liao Jinfeng , Jia Yanpeng , Chen Lianghui , Zhou Liangyu , Li Qiwen , Qian Zhiyong , Niu Dechao , Li Yongsheng , Li Pei
Published: August 2019

The development of hybrid particles for tumor diagnosis and therapy has received considerable attention because they are capable of combining tumor diagnosis and treatment concurrently. So far hybrid particles for efficient and safe tumor theranostics are still very limited. Herein
we have designed a new type of hybrid particles and evaluated its potential to be used in image-guided cancer diagnosis and therapy without the need of any toxic anticancer or contrast agents. The hybrid particles, consist of magnetic nanoparticles which are embedded in the poly(methyl methacrylate)
(PMMA) cores and gold shells on chitosan (CTS) (γ-Fe2O3 @PMMA/CTS@Au). The hybrid particles were synthesized through initial formation of the core–shell structured γ-Fe2O3 @PMMA/CTS particles containing approximately
20% loading of magnetic nanoparticles. A gold layer was then built on top of the core–shell magnetic particles via a reduction of gold salt by amines from the chitosan assisted with the reducing agent NaBH4, followed by growing to complete gold shells in the presence of ascorbic
acid (42.6% Au content). The properties of the composite particles including their chemical composition, morphology, particle size, size distribution, surface charge, magnetic responsiveness and photothermal ability were systematically characterized. The potential application of the γ-Fe2O3
@PMMA/CTS@Au hybrid particles in tumor diagnosis and therapy was assessed in vitro and in vivo using 4T1 tumor cells and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice through combining magnetic targeting, photoacoustic (PA)/computed tomography (CT) imaging and photothermal therapy. Results suggest
that the γ-Fe2O3 @PMMA/CTS@Au particles can serve as a multifunctional tumor theranostic nanoplatform for magnetically targeted photothermal therapy. Breast cancer has been effectively eliminated without the use of any anticancer drugs or contrast agents.
Therefore, this type of core–shell hybrid particles represents a new composite particle design for effective and safe tumor theranostics.
A Semi-Implicit Compressible Model for Atmospheric Flows with Seamless Access to Soundproof and Hydrostatic Dynamics
Authors: Benacchio Tommaso , Klein Rupert
Published: August 2019

When written in conservation form for mass, momentum, and density-weighted potential temperature, and with Exner pressure in the momentum equation, the pseudoincompressible model and the hydrostatic model only differ from the full compressible equations by some additive terms. This structural proximity is transferred here to a numerical discretization providing seamless access to all three analytical models. The semi-implicit second-order scheme discretizes the rotating compressible equations by evolving full variables, and, optionally, with two auxiliary fields that facilitate the construction of an implicit pressure equation. Time steps are constrained by the advection speed only as a result. Borrowing ideas on forward-in-time differencing, the algorithm reframes the authors’ previously proposed schemes into a sequence of implicit midpoint step, advection step, and implicit trapezoidal step. Compared with existing approaches, results on benchmarks of nonhydrostatic- and hydrostatic-scale dynamics are competitive. The tests include a new planetary-scale gravity wave test that highlights the scheme’s ability to run with large time steps and to access multiple models. The advancement represents a sizeable step toward generalizing the authors’ acoustics-balanced initialization strategy to also cover the hydrostatic case in the framework of an all-scale blended multimodel solver.
The Role of Collaboration in Integrated Programs Aimed at Supporting Underrepresented Student Success in STEM
Authors: Kezar Adrianna , Holcombe Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

The persistent underrepresentation of low-income, first-generation, and underrepresented minority students among those who complete an undergraduate degree in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics remains an issue of concern in higher education. Scholars and practitioners have increasingly realized that more comprehensive supports are required, as opposed to the single-strategy interventions that have been popular for several decades. Such supports, also known as integrated or comprehensive programs, combine and align several interventions that are both curricular and cocurricular and require the work of both faculty members and student affairs staff to design and implement. Collaboration among these groups is crucial to the success of these programs. However, the actual role that collaboration plays in these new student success efforts is undertheorized and has not been examined empirically. In this article, we describe the role of collaboration in improving program design for comprehensive, integrated programs, and for overcoming policy and practice implementation challenges.
Three Strands, One Braid: My Life in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Fouad Nadya A.
Published: August 2019

This paper contains the text of the Leona Tyler Award address given by the author in San Francisco in August 2018. The author reviews her career, tracing the three strands that have influenced her work: Cultural context, counseling psychology, and the study of work. These three strands are presented individually, then brought together in the metaphor of a braid to symbolize the way in which the three strands intertwine throughout her career. The author concludes by suggesting implications for future directions. This presentation has been edited for clarity in its written format.
Velocity of Money, Endogenous Money and Rate of Interest
Authors: Padhi Satya Prasad
Published: August 2019

As an alternative to conceptualisation of endogenous money in Taylor’s rule of interest management, the present article considers Keynes’s general theoretic endogenous money supply, which is in response to demand for money generated in income determination process (and the induced growth processes). That money is important, as a real factor production, to actualise expected production (and growth processes). The contribution of the present article is to incorporate the crucial role of liquidity preference insight-based rate of interest to control endogenous money. The setting of such policy rate, in tune with the implicit pressures on liquidity preference, then, on principle, permits constancy of velocity, which permits in turn better monetary aggregate management achieved, now, by this Keynes’s route.

JEL: E4; E5; E12
A Proposed Theory Life Cycle Model: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants
Authors: Cady Steven H. , Wheeler Jane V. , Schlechter Anton F. , Goodman Suki
Published: August 2019

In this article, we draw on the product life cycle framework to propose an adapted model for evaluating the evolution of a theory. The product life cycle was designed as an economic analysis tool, and its intuitive usefulness led to its adaptation for a variety of disciplines. Nevertheless, it has not been applied to theory. We propose a five-stage model of theory development: (1) emergence, (2) development, (3) maturity, and (4) decline toward (5) death or reemergence. The proposed model is then tested by applying it to work motivation theory. We conclude by offering implications and recommendations for using the theory life cycle model in research, teaching, and practice.
Political Settlements and Bureaucratic Reforms: An Exploratory Analysis Focusing on Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Abu Elias , Zafarullah Habib M.
Published: August 2019

This article attempts to analyse contemporary reforms of public bureaucracy in Bangladesh from the perspective of ‘political settlements’. After elaborating the concept of political settlement and identifying critical reform initiatives in the public bureaucracy, it argues that variations in the state of the implementation of bureaucratic reforms are decidedly affected by the differences in the pattern of political settlements that the nation has experienced at various times since independence. Thus, in the process of consolidating dominant power coalitions, reform measures were subverted, and formal and informal privileges given to the public bureaucracy resulted in inefficient, ineffective and unaccountable administration.
Characteristics of unnatural deaths in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina: A 10-year study (2008–2017)
Authors: Aparici Ines , Byard Roger W
Published: August 2019

A retrospective review was undertaken of 287 unnatural deaths undergoing medicolegal investigation over a 10-year period from January 2008 to December 2017 in Rio Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. There were 219 males and 68 females, age range 7 months to 88 years (average 38.4 years). The 135 accidental deaths (47%) were due mainly to vehicle crashes ( N = 62) and carbon monoxide toxicity from fires ( N = 31). The 115 cases of suicides (40.1%) were predominantly due to hanging ( N = 75) and gunshot wounds ( N = 20). The 37 cases of homicide (12.9%) were mainly due to stabbing/sharp force injury ( N = 20) and blunt force trauma ( N = 9). Carbon monoxide toxicity from faulty heating accounted for a substantial percentage (8.1%) of the accidental deaths. Firearm homicides and suicides related to drug toxicity and carbon monoxide inhalation were relatively uncommon medicolegal cases in this centre.
The potential for inadvertent adverse consequences of open disclosure in Australia: when good intentions cause further harm
Authors: Holmes Alice , Bugeja Lyndal , Ranson David , Griffths Debra , Ibrahim Joseph Elias
Published: August 2019

Open disclosure is a valuable process which has the potential to benefit both the patients who receive the open disclosure and the health care professionals (or organisations) who provide it. The benefits from open disclosure will most often be seen when open disclosure is performed in an ‘ideal’ manner. When open disclosure is suboptimal, it can lead to harmful consequences for patients and health care providers alike. Numerous factors may contribute to an inadequate open disclosure including: potentially inadequate legal protection for health care professionals or organisations; failing to meet patient and/or family expectations; health care professionals experiencing a lack of education, training and support from the health care organisation; or a fear of litigation. An inadequate open disclosure may result in inadvertent consequences including: patients/families who are dissatisfied; potentially preventable litigation; legal repercussions for health care professionals and organisations; and patient harm where open disclosure is not implemented. This article seeks to explore these barriers and considers how the implementation of open disclosure could be improved to overcome these barriers. Overcoming these barriers should help to reduce the risk of inadvertent consequences and lead to better outcomes for patients, health care professionals and health care organisations.
How Are Political Institutions Gendered?
Authors: Lowndes Vivien
Published: August 2019

Understanding the role of institutions can help explain why gender equality policies often fail and why the efforts of gender equality advocates are frequently frustrated. Focusing on micro-foundations and using cases from comparative politics, the article builds a model that specifies the mechanisms whereby political institutions are systematically gendered. Political opportunities and outcomes are shaped not only by rules ‘about gender’ but also by seemingly neutral rules that have ‘gendered effects’, due to their interaction with institutions outside the realm of formal politics. Rules shape behaviour in gendered ways through mechanisms of regulation, obligation and persuasion. Actors reproduce gendered institutions through enacting rules, but they also generate change through adapting, resisting or reforming them. The article specifies concepts and methods for researching how political institutions are gendered within and across political systems. It also identifies points of intervention for those seeking to build more gender-just political institutions.
Prevalence of Zika and malaria in patients with fever in secondary healthcare facilities in south-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Otu Akaninyene A , Udoh Ubong A , Ita Okokon I , Hicks Joseph P , Ukpeh Ido , Walley John
Published: August 2019

We describe the frequency of Zika and malaria among patients presenting with fever to secondary health facilities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional, stratified survey design, we randomly selected nine facilities and consecutively recruited 100 participants (aged ≥ 1 year) who presented with fever. On testing blood samples using Biocan qualitative lateral flow immuno-chromatographic cassettes for Zika IgG and IgM, 10% were seropositive for Zika virus (ZIKV) IgM, 12% for ZIKV IgG and 20% for ZIKV IgM, IgG or both. Following microscopy of thick films stained with Giemsa for malaria parasites, 55% were positive for malaria and 15% were positive for both malaria and ZIKV IgM, IgG or both. A moderately negative association between urban and rural household location and seropositivity for ZIKV IgM or IgG was found on logistic regression. Our results clearly indicate a high rate of probable ZIKV and malaria co-incidence in Cross River State. Given the high risk of serious fetal outcomes following ZIKV infection, further epidemiological research and surveillance systems for ZIKV are clearly required.
Harm Reduction Policing: From Drug Law Enforcement to Protection
Authors: Kammersgaard Tobias
Published: August 2019

Several drug policy researchers have noted that the concept of harm reduction could be applied to the field of drug policing in order to assess the negative consequences and potential benefits of policing in this area. However, the application of harm reduction principles to drug policing has only been realized to a limited extent in the current responses to drug use and markets. Accordingly, studies that empirically investigate already existing policing practices, which might be described as operating within such a harm reduction framework, are relatively scarce. In order to address this gap, this article provides an investigation of how policing of an open drug scene has been organized in Denmark since drug possession has been partly decriminalized, following the introduction of drug consumption rooms in Copenhagen. The policing of this open drug scene was investigated through document analysis, interviews, and observations with a patrolling police officer. The article argues that decriminalization has resulted in a shift in the “logics” of policing by enabling the production of an alternative “governable identity” for the drug-using subject, where people who use drugs could more readily be perceived as citizens with rights rather than just as offenders. Accordingly, in this new logic, the violence and victimization experienced by marginalized people who use drugs could more readily be identified as proper objects for police action. The study contributes to our knowledge of how the police can become potential allies rather than adversaries in harm reduction initiatives and broader public health concerns.
High gain feedback robust control for flocking of multi-agents system
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Jie , Yang Zhengquan , Chen Zengqiang
Published: August 2019

This paper focuses on the detailed illustration over the feedback robust control of high gain for flocking of the multi-agent system. As for the second-order unknown bounded nonlinear dynamic system, the designed controller has feedback robust control of high gain. Under the action of the leader, the flocking of the multi-agent system established on the basis of high gain feedback robust control can be realized. By employing the theory of Lyapunov stability, it is observed that the velocity error between agents approaches to zero, and no collision occurs between agents. It is further proved by the simulation that the high gain feedback robust control for flocking of multi-agent system can be obtained accordingly. Compared with Qing et al. (2014), high gain feedback robust control for flocking of multi-agent system has better stability.
On control chart for monitoring exponentially distributed quality characteristic
Authors: Adeoti Olatunde A
Published: August 2019

The double exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA) control chart has been observed to be more sensitive than the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart for process monitoring assuming that the quality characteristic follows the normal distribution. In this paper, the DEWMA control chart is proposed for monitoring quality characteristics that follow the exponential distribution using variable transformation technique. The in-control and out-of-control average run lengths (ARLs) of the proposed control chart is obtained for equal and unequal smoothing constants. The performance of the proposed control chart with equal and unequal smoothing constants was investigated and compared with recent existing control charts in terms of the out-of-control average run lengths. Real life example is given to demonstrate the application of the proposed chart. The findings show that the performance of the proposed control chart outweighs existing control charts in the monitoring of process parameter when the quality variable follows exponential distribution for all shift sizes.
Parametric identification of linear systems using AutoRegressive with eXogenous input model expansion on Meixner-like orthonormal bases
Authors: Maraoui Safa , Bouzrara Kais
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a new model for a representation of linear system with delay. This latter, is given by decomposing the coefficients of the AutoRegressive with eXogenous input (ARX) model associated with the output and the input on two independent Meixner-like orthonormal bases. The resulting model is called ARX Meixner-like model. In order to ensure the parameter complexity reduction, the Meixner-like poles are optimized using Genetic algorithms method. Unknown But Bounded Error (UBBE) approaches are used to update the uncertainty domain of the parameters of the new obtained model. A numerical example of system with delay and two examples of experimental research are made to prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Motivating the Motivators: An Examination of High School Principals’ Drive to Succeed
Authors: Blaum Brian , Tobin Kerri
Published: August 2019

While much has been written about how principals motivate their teachers, there is a surprising paucity of research on what motivates principals themselves. Because a principal significantly impacts the academic achievement of students and because principal turnover disproportionately impacts low-income schools, it is imperative that we find a way to keep principals feeling motivated. We examined what principals say provides them motivation to succeed and found that praise—from students, supervisors, and parents—is very meaningful to them.