bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interference between work and nonwork roles: The development of a new South African instrument
Authors: Koekemoer Eileen , Mostert Karina , Rothmann Jr Ian
Published: October 2010

Orientation: The interference between work and personal life is a central issue in the 21st century as employees attempt to balance or integrate their involvement in multiple social roles.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to, (1) develop new items for a more comprehensive work−nonwork interference instrument, (2) evaluate the newly developed items to retain those items that accurately capture the different dimensions and (3) eliminate undesirable items from the different subscales in the instrument.Motivation for the study: Although the interaction between work and personal life has received extensive attention in the work−family fields of research, various theoretical, empirical and measurement issues need to be addressed.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect the data.Main findings: Initially, 89 items were developed. During the pilot study among mineworkers (n = 245), 41 poor items were eliminated on the basis of descriptive statistics, inter-item correlations, item-total correlations and the qualitative investigation of items highly redundant in terms of wording. Thereafter, the instrument (48 items) was administered to 366 support and academic personnel at a tertiary institution. Using Rasch analyses and item correlations, 18 additional items were eliminated, resulting in a 30-item instrument (15 items were retained to measure work-nonwork interference and 15 items to measure nonwork-work interference).Practical/managerial implications: A major theoretical limitation to the measurement of work−family interference relates to the dimensionality and inconsistent measurement of the directionality of interference.Contribution/value-add: With the development of this new instrument, several of the theoretical and measurement limitations voiced by previous researchers have been addressed, providing this instrument with distinct advantages over previous work−family instruments.
Efeitos da estimulação elétrica funcional no controle neuromuscular artificial
Authors: Krueger Beck Eddy , Scheeren Eduardo Mendonça , Nogueira Neto Guilherme Nunes , Button Vera Lúcia da Silveira Nantes , Nohama Percy
Published: October 2010

Regiões distintas do sistema nervoso central ativam o sistema neuromuscular. Atualmente, utilizam-se sistemas artificiais para mimetizarem as ações fisiológicas perdidas devido a uma lesão neurológica. A estimulação elétrica de tecidos humanos in vivo, como forma de tratamento, desenvolveu-se por meio de pesquisas e do aprimoramento da tecnologia. Pessoas que sofreram lesão medular podem perder parcial ou totalmente a função motora de uma determinada região corporal. A aplicação de estimulação elétrica no tecido neuromuscular gera movimentação artificial que pode desenvolver uma melhora de longo prazo através da plasticidade neuronal. A estimulação elétrica funcional pode utilizar variados parâmetros, eletrodos e locais de aplicação. Quando o ajuste e correção dos parâmetros estimulatórios ocorre manualmente, tem-se um sistema em malha aberta, quando ocorre automaticamente, o sistema denomina-se controle em malha fechada. Ambas as formas contribuem para a reabilitação física de pacientes acometidos por lesão neuronal. Os sistemas em malha fechada apresentam vantagens em relação aos de malha aberta, como a correção automática dos parâmetros de estimulação. Assim, com o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle e a criação de interfaces amigáveis, a ativação do conjunto de equipamentos e softwares que viabilizarão o movimento artificial poderá ser efetuada pelo próprio usuário, assemelhando-se ao sistema fisiológico humano.
Abundance and single‐cell activity of bacterial groups in Antarctic coastal waters
Authors: Straza Tiffany R. A. , Ducklow Hugh W. , Murray Alison E. , Kirchman David L.
Published: October 2010

We estimated the abundance and single‐cell activity of bacterial groups in waters off the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) using a combination of microautoradiography and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The abundance of the Ant4D3 subgroup, detected by a new FISH probe, was 10% of the total community and half of the gammaproteobacterial population. The Ant4D3, Polaribacter, and SAR11 subgroups accounted for the majority of the Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria–Flavobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria, respectively. Approximately 40% of the total microbial community actively incorporated leucine (added at 20 nmol L−1), while a smaller fraction (12–22%) used protein and an amino acid mixture (added at tracer concentrations). The fractions of SAR11, Polaribacter, and Ant4D3 that were active differed from each other and varied among substrates. SAR11 had the largest fraction of active cells incorporating leucine, while Polaribacter dominated the community using protein. The fraction of Ant4D3 using different compounds did not vary, but this group dominated the incorporation of amino acids, and was an abundant and active component of the bacterial community. Bacteria in the WAP region were as active as bacteria in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight, even though total bacterial production was lower in the WAP. Though persistently cold (0–1°C) and dominated by different bacterial taxa, the single‐cell activity of this summertime Antarctic bacterial community was comparable to that of temperate communities.
Temporal shift in nutrient input to cold‐seep food webs revealed by stable‐isotope signatures of associated communities
Authors: Cordes Erik E. , Becker Erin L. , Fisherb Charles R.
Published: October 2010

A pattern of succession has been demonstrated at Gulf of Mexico cold seeps proceeding from a high‐biomass endemic community dominated by grazers to a diverse community of endemic and nonendemic species in multiple trophic levels to a low‐biomass community comprising primarily nonendemic predatory species. We test the hypothesis that these shifts in community structure are due to a decline in the availability and reliance on local chemosynthetic productivity. Isotopic signatures were measured in 134 individuals from 34 different species in three tubeworm aggregations in different stages of succession. The average stable isotope delta values of the fauna were more positive in the older aggregations, suggesting a decreased reliance on local chemosynthetic productivity. These trends were also apparent in the species that were present in all three aggregations and for the grazer trophic group as a whole. The proportion of biomass in the lower trophic levels declined in the older aggregation. Food webs were reconstructed on the basis of variable trophic shifts and included the error in stable isotope measurements. The majority of potential trophic links supported by carbon and nitrogen isotopes alone were rejected when sulfur stable isotope values were included. Food webs consisted of relatively few trophic links overall, with the most complex food web in the more diverse community of the middle aggregation. These results suggest that many of the species in the tubeworm aggregations are generalists, and these species may feed on prey outside the aggregation, especially in the older aggregation, where few trophic links could be detected.
Study of contrail microphysics in the vortex phase with a Lagrangian particle tracking model
Authors: Unterstrasser S. , Sölch I.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Crystal sublimation/loss is a dominant feature of the contrail evolution during the vortex phase and has a substantial impact on the later contrail-to-cirrus transition. Previous studies showed that the fraction of crystals surviving the vortex phase depends primarily on relative humidity, temperature and the aircraft type. An existing model for contrail vortex phase simulations (with a 2-moment bulk microphysics scheme) was upgraded with a newly developed state-of-the-art microphysics module (LCM) which uses Lagrangian particle tracking. This allows for explicit process-oriented modelling of the ice crystal size distribution in contrast to the bulk approach. We show that it is of great importance to employ an advanced microphysics scheme to determine the crystal loss during the vortex phase. The LCM-model shows even larger sensitivities to the above mentioned key parameters than previously estimated with the bulk model. The impact of the initial crystal number is studied and for the first time also the initial width of the crystal size distribution. Both are shown to be relevant. This corroborates the need for a realistic representation of microphysical processes and knowledge of the ice phase characteristics.
Comment on "Classification of aerosol properties derived from AERONET direct sun data" by Gobbi et al. (2007)
Authors: O'Neill N. T.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. It is pointed out that the graphical, aerosol classification method of Gobbi et al. (2007) can be interpreted as a manifestation of fundamental analytical relations whose existance depends on the simple assumption that the optical effects of aerosols are essentially bimodal in nature. The families of contour lines in their "Ada" curvature space are essentially empirical and discretized illustrations of analytical parabolic forms in (α, α') space (the space formed by the continuously differentiable Angstrom exponent and its spectral derivative).
Formic acid above the Jungfraujoch during 1985–2007: observed variability, seasonality, but no long-term background evolution
Authors: Zander R. , Duchatelet P. , Mahieu E. , Demoulin P. , Roland G. , Servais C. , Auwera J. V. , Perrin A. , Rinsland C. P. , Crutzen P. J.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. This paper reports on daytime total vertical column abundances of formic acid (HCOOH) above the Northern mid-latitude, high altitude Jungfraujoch station (Switzerland; 46.5° N, 8.0° E, 3580 m alt.). The columns were derived from the analysis of infrared solar observations regularly performed with high spectral resolution Fourier transform spectrometers during over 1500 days between September 1985 and September 2007. The investigation was based on the spectrometric fitting of five spectral intervals, one encompassing the HCOOH ν6 band Q branch at 1105 cm−1, and four additional ones allowing to optimally account for critical temperature-sensitive or time-evolving interferences by other atmospheric gases, in particular HDO, CCl2F2 and CHClF2. The main results derived from the 22 years long database indicate that the free tropospheric burden of HCOOH above the Jungfraujoch undergoes important short-term daytime variability, diurnal and seasonal modulations, inter-annual anomalies, but no significant long-term background change. A major progress in the remote determination of the atmospheric HCOOH columns reported here has resulted from the adoption of new, improved absolute spectral line intensities for the infrared ν6 band of trans-formic acid, resulting in retrieved free tropospheric loadings being about a factor two smaller than if derived with previous spectroscopic parameters. Implications of this significant change with regard to earlier remote measurements of atmospheric formic acid and comparison with relevant Northern mid-latitude findings, both in situ and remote, will be assessed critically. Sparse HCOOH model predictions will also be evoked and assessed with respect to findings reported here.
Estimation of ECHAM5 climate model closure parameters with adaptive MCMC
Authors: Järvinen H. , Räisänen P. , Laine M. , Tamminen J. , Ilin A. , Oja E. , Solonen A. , Haario H.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Climate models contain closure parameters to which the model climate is sensitive. These parameters appear in physical parameterization schemes where some unresolved variables are expressed by predefined parameters rather than being explicitly modeled. Currently, best expert knowledge is used to define the optimal closure parameter values, based on observations, process studies, large eddy simulations, etc. Here, parameter estimation, based on the adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, is applied for estimation of joint posterior probability density of a small number (n=4) of closure parameters appearing in the ECHAM5 climate model. The parameters considered are related to clouds and precipitation and they are sampled by an adaptive random walk process of the MCMC. The parameter probability densities are estimated simultaneously for all parameters, subject to an objective function. Five alternative formulations of the objective function are tested, all related to the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere. Conclusions of the closure parameter estimation tests with a low-resolution ECHAM5 climate model indicate that (i) adaptive MCMC is a viable option for parameter estimation in large-scale computational models, and (ii) choice of the objective function is crucial for the identifiability of the parameter distributions.
Middle atmosphere response to the solar cycle in irradiance and ionizing particle precipitation
Authors: Semeniuk K. , Fomichev V. I. , McConnell J. C. , Fu C. , Melo S. M. L. , Usoskin I. G.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The impact of NOx and HOx production by three types of energetic particle precipitation (EPP), aurora, solar proton events and galactic cosmic rays is examined using a chemistry climate model. Ensemble simulations forced by transient EPP derived from observations with one-year repeating sea surface temperatures and fixed chemical boundary conditions were conducted for cases with and without solar cycle in irradiance. Our model results show a wintertime polar stratosphere ozone reduction of between 3 and 10% in agreement with previous studies. EPP is found to modulate the radiative solar cycle effect in the middle atmosphere in a significant way, bringing temperature and ozone variations closer to observed patterns. The Southern Hemisphere polar vortex undergoes an intensification from solar minimum to solar maximum instead of a weakening. This changes the solar cycle variation of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, with a weakening during solar maxima compared to solar minima. In response, the tropical tropopause temperature manifests a statistically significant solar cycle variation resulting in about 4% more water vapour transported into the lower tropical stratosphere during solar maxima compared to solar minima. This has implications for surface temperature variation due to the associated change in radiative forcing.
Can the dataset of field based recharge estimates in Australia be used to predict recharge in data-poor areas?
Authors: Crosbie R. S. , Jolly I. D. , Leaney F. W. , Petheram C.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Effective management of water resources requires that all elements of the water balance be estimated. Groundwater recharge measurements are difficult, time consuming and expensive. In some cases a field study cannot be justified and simple empirical relationships are used to estimate recharge, and often the value chosen is simply a percentage of rainfall. This paper aims to use a database of 4386 field based estimates of recharge from 172 studies in Australia to produce simple empirical relationships that relate recharge to nationally available datasets and hence can be used to estimate recharge in data-poor areas in a scientifically defensible way. It was found that the vegetation and soil type were critical determinants in forming relationships between average annual rainfall and average annual recharge. Climate zones and surface geology (lithology) were not found to be significant determinants in the relationship between rainfall and recharge. The method used to estimate recharge had an impact upon the magnitude of the recharge estimates due to the spatial and temporal scales over which the different methods estimate recharge. Relationships have been developed here between average annual rainfall and average annual recharge for combinations of soil and vegetation type that can be used with only nationally available datasets to provide a recharge estimate. These relationships can explain 60% of the variance in recharge measurements across Australia. The uncertainty in the recharge estimated using these relationships is generally greater than an order of magnitude. This means that if these relationships are used to help determine water allocations, then the precautionary principle should limit allocations to less than about 5% of the estimated recharge. If allocations are greater than this, a more detailed site specific study is warranted.
Increasing parameter certainty and data utility through multi-objective calibration of a spatially distributed temperature and solute model
Authors: Bandaragoda C. , Neilson B. T.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. When prediction in space and time is the goal of distributed hydrologic and instream models, the importance of basing model structure and parameterization on physical processes is fundamental. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to using various data types at spatially distributed locations to decrease parameter bounds sampled within calibration algorithms that ultimately provide information regarding the extent of individual processes represented within the model structure. Through the use of a simulation matrix, parameter sets are first locally optimized by fitting the respective data at two locations and then the best results are selected to resolve which parameter sets perform best at all locations, or globally. This approach is illustrated using the Two-Zone Temperature and Solute (TZTS) model for a case study in the Virgin River, Utah, USA, where temperature and solute tracer data were collected at multiple locations and zones within the river that represent the fate and transport of both heat and solute through the study reach. We found improved model performance over the range of spatially distributed datasets relative to more common calibration approaches that use data at one location with multiple criteria objectives or at multiple locations with a single criteria objective. We also found that the global optimum is best defined by multiple spatially distributed local optima, which supports the hypothesis that there is a discrete and narrowly bounded parameter range that represents the processes controlling dominant hydrologic responses. Further, we illustrate that the optimization process itself can be used to determine which observed responses and locations are most useful for estimating the parameters that result in a global fit to guide future data collection efforts.
Real-time remote sensing driven river basin modelling using radar altimetry
Authors: Pereira-Cardenal S. J. , Riegels N. D. , Berry P. A. M. , Smith R. G. , Yakovlev A. , Siegfried T. U. , Bauer-Gottwein P.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Many river basins have a weak in-situ hydrometeorological monitoring infrastructure. However, water resources practitioners depend on reliable hydrological models for management purposes. Remote sensing (RS) data have been recognized as an alternative to in-situ hydrometeorological data in remote and poorly monitored areas and are increasingly used to force, calibrate, and update hydrological models. In this study, we evaluate the potential of informing a river basin model with real-time radar altimetry measurements over reservoirs. We present a lumped, conceptual, river basin water balance modelling approach based entirely on RS and reanalysis data: precipitation was obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), temperature from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast's (ECMWF) Operational Surface Analysis dataset and reference evapotranspiration was derived from temperature data. The Ensemble Kalman Filter was used to assimilate radar altimetry (ERS2 and Envisat) measurements of reservoir water levels. The modelling approach was applied to the Syr Darya River Basin, a snowmelt-dominated basin with large topographical variability, several large reservoirs and scarce hydrometeorological data that is shared between 4 countries with conflicting water management interests. The modelling approach was tested over a historical period for which in-situ reservoir water levels were available. Assimilation of radar altimetry data significantly improved the performance of the hydrological model. Without assimilation of radar altimetry data, model performance was limited, probably because of the size and complexity of the model domain, simplifications inherent in model design, and the uncertainty of RS and reanalysis data. Altimetry data assimilation reduced the mean error of the simulated reservoir water levels from 4.7 to 1.9 m, and overall model RMSE from 10.3 m to 6.7 m. Because of its easy accessibility and immediate availability, radar altimetry lends itself to being used in real-time hydrological applications. As an impartial source of information about the hydrological system that can be updated in real time, the modelling approach described here can provide useful medium-term hydrological forecasts to be used in water resources management.
Individual and collective social cognitive influences on peer aggression: exploring the contribution of aggression efficacy, moral disengagement, and collective efficacy
Authors: Barchia Kirstin , Bussey Kay
Published: November 2010

This follow‐up study with 1,167 primarily White adolescents (aged 13.45 years at T1, 613 females) examined the impact of self‐efficacy for aggression, moral disengagement, and collective efficacy beliefs on peer aggression in schools. Students completed questionnaire measures at the beginning and end of the school year (8 months apart). High aggression efficacy and moral disengagement scores predicted higher frequency of peer aggression over time. Low collective efficacy beliefs regarding the ability of students and teachers to collaboratively act to inhibit peer aggression were also associated with more frequent aggression, although this association was stronger at higher levels of moral disengagement. The findings of this study highlight the need to consider collective efficacy beliefs in conjunction with individual social cognitive processes when seeking to explain aggressive behavior. Aggr. Behav. 37:107–120, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autoimmune disease and subsequent risk of developing alimentary tract cancers among 4.5 million US male veterans
Authors: Landgren Annelie M. , Landgren Ola , Gridley Gloria , Dores Graça M. , Linet Martha S. , Morton Lindsay M.
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:

Autoimmunity is clearly linked with hematologic malignancies, but less is known about autoimmunity and alimentary tract cancer risk, despite the specific targeting of alimentary organs and tissues by several autoimmune diseases. The authors therefore conducted the first systematic evaluation of a broad range of specific autoimmune diseases and risk for subsequent alimentary tract cancer.

METHODS:

On the basis of 4,501,578 US male veterans, the authors identified 96,277 men who developed alimentary tract cancer during up to 26.2 years of follow‐up. By using Poisson regression methods, the authors calculated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS:

A history of autoimmune disease with localized alimentary tract effects generally increased cancer risks in the organ(s) affected by the autoimmune disease, such as primary biliary cirrhosis and liver cancer (RR, 6.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.76‐7.57); pernicious anemia and stomach cancer (RR, 3.17; 95% CI, 2.47‐4.07); and ulcerative colitis and small intestine, colon, and rectal cancers (RR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.05‐6.11; RR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.70‐2.48; and RR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.62‐2.64, respectively). In addition, a history of celiac disease, reactive arthritis (Reiter disease), and systemic sclerosis all were associated significantly with increased risk of esophageal cancer (RR, 1.86‐2.86). Autoimmune diseases without localized alimentary tract effects generally were not associated with alimentary tract cancer risk, with the exception of decreased risk for multiple alimentary tract cancers associated with a history of multiple sclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings support the importance of localized inflammation in alimentary tract carcinogenesis. Future research is needed to confirm the findings and improve understanding of underlying mechanisms by which autoimmune diseases contribute to alimentary tract carcinogenesis. Cancer 2011. Published 2010 by the American Cancer Society.
Tips for success: Giving an effective research talk
Authors: Kiefer Julie C.
Published: November 2010

For many scientists, their working life can be charted as a series of talks: lab meetings, journal clubs, research seminars, and job talks. Based on the sheer volume of attended and given talks, one might think that nearly any scientist should be an expert speaker. As we are all painfully aware, that's not so. Giving an effective talk is a learned skill, built largely on preparation and practice. Presented here are tips from five panelists, each known for their informative, well‐organized, and engaging style: Nicole King, PhD, Michael Levine, PhD, Susan McConnell, PhD, Denise Montell, PhD, and Sean Morrison, PhD. While their advice focuses on improving research seminars (departmental seminars, society meetings, and public lectures), they also offer many helpful tips for enhancing general public speaking skills. Developmental Dynamics 239:3492–3496, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospectively isolated CD133/CD24‐positive ependymal cells from the adult spinal cord and lateral ventricle wall differ in their long‐term in vitro self‐renewal and in vivo gene expression
Authors: Pfenninger Cosima V. , Steinhoff Christine , Hertwig Falk , Nuber Ulrike A.
Published: November 2010

In contrast to ependymal cells located above the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult lateral ventricle wall (LVW), adult spinal cord (SC) ependymal cells possess certain neural stem cell characteristics. The molecular basis of this difference is unknown. In this study, antibodies against multiple cell surface markers were applied to isolate pure populations of SC and LVW ependymal cells, which allowed a direct comparison of their in vitro behavior and in vivo gene expression profile. Isolated CD133+/CD24+/CD45−/CD34− ependymal cells from the SC displayed in vitro self‐renewal and differentiation capacity, whereas those from the LVW did not. SC ependymal cells showed a higher expression of several genes involved in cell division, cell cycle regulation, and chromosome stability, which is consistent with a long‐term self‐renewal capacity, and shared certain transcripts with neural stem cells of the embryonic forebrain. They also expressed several retinoic acid (RA)‐regulated genes and responded to RA exposure. LVW ependymal cells showed higher transcript levels of many genes regulated by transforming growth factor‐β family members. Among them were Dlx2, Id2, Hey1, which together with Foxg1 could explain their potential to turn into neuroblasts under certain environmental conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clustered macroergonomic structures
Authors: Pacholski Leszek , Trzcieliński Stefan , Wyrwicka Magdalena K.
Published: November 2010

The conditions of knowledge‐based economy force traditional multiagent systems in enterprises to search for new structural solutions, clustering business, science, and the public sector. Thirty‐five years ago, a classic determination of the man–machine system as the subject of ergonomic research evolved to multiagent systems typical of ergonomics of the third generation (macroergonomics). It determined premises of technology and organization. Now the situation seems similar: Transferring research (subject and methodology) and applications to the level of business clusters represents a new challenge for ergonomics. In this article some findings of the search for effective clusters in the Wielkopolska region are presented. The research was based on meetings with representatives of local communities and with experts from outside the scientific team and analysis of questionnaires sent to 226 local governments to identify enterprises doing business in particular districts. The authors' interest was about clusters that can gain a competitive advantage in the region, Poland, and the European Union. The results have been obtained by implementing the Delphi method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonality and fasting effect in raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides serum leptin levels determined by canine leptin‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Kitao Naoya , Fukui Daisuke , Shibata Haruki , Saito Masayuki , Osborne Peter G. , Hashimoto Masaaki
Published: November 2010

Leptin is an adipocyte‐derived peptide hormone that acts on the brain and regulates food intake and energy balance. Several previous reports have suggested that overwintering raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides are able to control their adiposity efficiently, but the contribution of leptin to weight regulation in these animals remains unclear. To study the seasonality of overwintering raccoon dogs as well as the effects of fasting on them, serum leptin levels were investigated using a newly established canine leptin‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Of the nine animals studied, five were fed and four were fasted (deprived of food for 2 months in winter). Blood samples and body fat weights were monitored once a month throughout the experimental period (July 2007–March 2008). Leptin concentrations obtained by ELISA were significantly higher than and had a positive correlation with those obtained by previously used multispecies radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. Moreover, ELISA showed a clearer correlation between the body fat weight and leptin levels compared with RIA, suggesting the efficacy of canine leptin‐specific ELISA kit for leptin estimation in raccoon dogs. Autumnal fattening was observed in both groups of animals, but the wintertime loss of adipose tissue was more obvious in the fasted group. Serum leptin concentrations determined by ELISA showed seasonal changes without significant differences between the fed and fasted animals. Therefore, high levels of leptin may be responsible for the suppression of feeding behavior in raccoon dogs before winter. J. Exp. Zool. 315:84–89, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of hexokinase leads to neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slice culture
Authors: Lee Kyung Hee , Park Ji Ho , Won Ran , Lee Hyejung , Nam Taick Sang , Lee Bae Hwan
Published: November 2010

During seizures, glucose concentrations are high in the hippocampus. Mitochondrial hexokinase (HK) catalyzes the first essential step of glucose metabolism and directly couples extramitochondrial glycolysis to intramitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The neuroprotective effects of an HK inhibitor, 3‐bromopyruvate (3‐BrPA), on kainic acid (KA)‐induced excitotoxic injury were investigated. Hippocampal slices were prepared from hippocampi of 6–8‐day‐old rats using a tissue chopper and placed on a membrane insert. After a treatment with KA (5 μM) for 15 hr, neuronal death was quantified by propidium iodide (PI), cresol violet, and TUNEL staining. KA‐induced cell death was significantly prevented by 30 μM 3‐BrPA treatment. According to Western blots, the expression level of phospho‐Akt increased after 3‐BrPA treatment. The induction of long‐term potentiation (LTP) at 48 hr after 3‐BrPA treatment tended to increase in the CA1 area compared with the KA‐only group, but the difference was not significant. Blocking the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway using LY294002 reversed the neuroprotective effect of 3‐BrPA. These results suggest that inhibition of HK may play a protective role against neuronal death in KA‐induced excitotoxic injury. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of the infratemporal fossa: A rare case and review
Authors: Abbott Megan M. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Emerick Kevin S.
Published: November 2010

Although it represents the second most common neoplasm of the head and neck, lymphoma is generally not surgically managed and thus may be less familiar to otolaryngologists than other malignancies. However, otolaryngologists are often involved in the initial diagnosis, and should be aware of unusual presentations and the main lymphoma subtypes. We present a case of an extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma, an indolent non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma subtype. This type of lymphoma most commonly occurs in the stomach, but was found in the infratemporal fossa. This is the first report of an extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma occurring in this location. Laryngoscope, 2010
Mit dem Laser auf Wachstumskurs
Authors: Bahle Wolfgang
Published: November 2010

Bei dem Nürnberger Formenbauer und Graviertechnik‐Spezialisten Roland Schneider kommt die Foba G5 nur selten zur Ruhe. Vom Beschriften über die Elektrodenbearbeitung bis hin zur 3D‐Gravur direkt in die Freiformfläche des Werkzeugs — der Laser kommt zum Einsatz, wo konventionelle Fertigungstechnik an ihre Grenzen stößt.
Existence of fixed points for the sum of two operators
Authors: Garcia‐Falset Jesús
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this paper is to study the existence of fixed points for the sum of two nonlinear operators in the framework of real Banach spaces. Later on, we give some examples of applications of this type of results (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A cascade of determinantal Calabi–Yau threefolds
Authors: Kapustka Michał , Kapustka Grzegorz
Published: November 2010

We study Kustin–Miller unprojections of Calabi–Yau threefolds. As an application we work out the geometric properties of Calabi–Yau threefolds defined as linear sections of determinantal varieties. We compute their Hodge numbers and describe the morphisms corresponding to the faces of their Kähler–Mori cone (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overactive bladder in women: Does low‐count bacteriuria matter? A review
Authors: Walsh Colin A. , Moore Kate H.
Published: November 2010

Since the description of the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, which excludes infection, the precise definition of significant bacteriuria in these women is critical. The traditional definition of ‘significant’ bacteriuria is >105 colony‐forming units/ml which was described 50 years ago by a renal physician whose primary interest was the prevention of pyelonephritis. Subsequent studies have shown this to be an insensitive threshold in women with acute lower urinary tract symptoms. Bacterial counts between 102 and 105 CFU/ml (‘low‐count bacteriuria’) are now considered important in women with acute dysuria and warrant treatment. However, these findings have been slow to translate into routine clinical practice. In addition, the role of low‐count bacteriuria in women with OAB symptoms (frequency/urgency/nocturia) without dysuria is poorly studied. One recent study has shown low‐count bacteriuria to be more prevalent among women with severe OAB than bacteriuria >105 CFU/ml. We present an outline of the history of this issue and summarise current microbiological and clinical concepts. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:32–37, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spin transport and magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors
Authors: Wagemans Wiebe , Koopmans Bert
Published: November 2010

Organic semiconductors are interesting materials for spintronics applications because of their long spin lifetimes. In addition, organic spintronics offers the possibility to add magnetic functionality to existing organic electronics. Two main topics of organic spintronics are discussed.

First, in organic spin valves, spin transport occurs through an organic spacer layer. As a main source of loss of spin polarization the interactions of the spins with random hyperfine fields originating from surrounding hydrogen nuclei has been identified. Recent progress in the development of organic spin valves and related approaches are discussed, addressing conductivity mismatch and the question whether the observed magnetoresistance is from spin injection or direct tunneling.

Second, an intrinsic magnetoresistance is observed in many organic semiconductors. This, so‐called, organic magnetoresistance (OMAR) is interesting because it shows large effects at room temperature, making it interesting for applications, and poses fundamental questions about spin transport and spin interactions in these organic materials.

An overview of the main characteristics of OMAR is given and the three main models are discussed. These models are the bipolaron model, the electron–hole pair model and the exciton–charge interaction model. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed models and experimental results, where it is concluded that the exact origin of OMAR is still open for debate.
Helicon‐wave‐excited plasma sputtering epitaxy of Nb‐doped TiO2 films on GaN
Authors: Fouda A. , Hazu K. , Nakayama T. , Tanaka A. , Chichibu S. F.
Published: November 2010

Rutile‐ and anatase‐phase Nb‐doped TiO2 (TiO2:Nb) epilayers were selectively grown on a GaN template by the helicon‐wave‐excited‐plasma sputtering epitaxy (HWPSE) method. The rutile (100) TiO2:Nb films grew on the etched clean (0001) GaN surface with the in‐plane epitaxial relationship [010] TiO2 // [10‐10] GaN, regardless of growth temperature. While, the anatase (001) TiO2:Nb films grew on appropriately oxidized (0001) GaN with the in‐plane relations [110] TiO2 // [10‐10] GaN (and [110] TiO2 // [11‐20] GaN) under high temperature and low oxygen partial pressure conditions. The lowest resistivity of the heterostructure was 3×10‐4 Ω·cm. The selective growth of anatase films is assigned as being due to the formation of a sheet of Ga‐O layer, possibly (001) or (100) orientation β‐Ga2O3, on the GaN surface. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coulomb‐modulated gain spectra in current‐injection T‐shaped quantum‐wire lasers
Authors: Okano Makoto , Yoshita Masahiro , Akiyama Hidefumi , Huai Ping , Ogawa Tetsuo , Pfeiffer Loren N. , West Ken W.
Published: November 2010

We measured gain spectra of highly uniform current‐injection T‐shaped quantum wire lasers and investigated the physics of gain‐spectral‐shape modulation due to strong Coulomb interactions by comparing current‐injection and optical‐pumping measurements and additional calculations including screened Coulomb interaction.

We found remarkable features for current injection: redshifts and long high‐ and low‐energy tails of the gain peak. These characteristic current‐injection features were ascribed to band‐gap renormalization, state‐filling, and carrier‐carrier scattering inherent to charge‐imbalanced electron‐hole systems (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of the salivary alpha‐amylase level in resting sublingual saliva as an index of psychological stress
Authors: Karibe Hiroyuki , Aoyagi Kyoko , Koda Arisa , Kawakami Tomomi
Published: November 2010

The salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) level is widely considered a marker of psychological stress. For clinical applicability, its characteristics should be examined under normal conditions. The aims of this study were to investigate the circadian rhythm, daily variation in a week and sex difference of the sAA level in sublingual saliva under a resting condition, for which 6 individuals, 11 individuals and 30 age‐matched women and men, respectively, were enrolled. The individual sAA levels were measured once every hour from 10:00 to 16:00 (7 times/day); at 10:00 on Monday, Wednesday and Friday (thrice/week); and without any restriction in the respective experiments by using a hand‐held sAA monitor. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance and the Student's t‐test were used for statistical analyses (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the sAA levels were observed among the different times of the day (p = 0.311) or different days of the week (p = 0.291), nor was a significant sex difference found (p = 0.962). These results suggest that the sAA level in sublingual saliva remains relatively stable under normal conditions and is not influenced by gender. It would be a useful tool to evaluate the effect of psychological stress in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on statistical disclosure control and micro‐aggregation techniques for secure statistical databases
Authors: Fayyoumi Ebaa , Oommen B. John
Published: November 2010

This paper surveys the fields of Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC) and Micro‐Aggregation Techniques (MATs), which are both areas fundamental to the science of secure Statistical DataBases (SDBs). The paper is written from the perspective of a computer scientist with the hope that it will prove to be a source of reference material useful to researchers and practitioners in the field. The paper first introduces the concept ofSDCand describes the domain of its applications and the various data types that are currently used inSDBs. It then proceeds to focus on the family of micro‐data types inSDBs. At this juncture, we introduce the importance of the relevant measures, namely the metrics termed as the Information Loss (IL) and the Disclosure Risk (DR), after which we survey the various methods of resolving the conflicting goals that these metrics represent. Thereafter, the paper summarizes the perturbative and non‐perturbativeSDCmethods for micro‐data protection, and it focuses on the families ofMATs by formally stating the Micro‐Aggregation Problem and surveying it in a comprehensive manner. Apart from the paper including a historical view of the field ofMATs, it describes a broad selection of work that has been reported more recently. Indeed, we believe that this paper represents a complete overview of the state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Okavango River Bridge in Botsuana, Afrika – Elefantenzähne für den Okavango
Authors: Grassl Martin , Benz Thomas
Published: November 2010

Der Fluss Okavango im afrikanischen Botsuana mündet in ein inländisches Delta. Die dadurch entstehenden fruchtbaren Gebiete bilden die Grundlage für den einmaligen Artenreichtum der Flora und Fauna. Dies ist ein Anziehungspunkt für Touristen aus aller Welt. Zur Erschließung des nordöstlichen Teils des Deltas ist es geplant, die bestehende Fährverbindung durch eine feste Brückenverbindung als Schrägseilbrücke zu ersetzen. Um den Symbolcharakter des Bauwerks zu unterstreichen, wurden die Pylone in einer speziellen Gestaltungsidee als A‐Pylone in der Form von sich kreuzenden Elefantenzähnen entworfen. Es werden die Entwurfsgeschichte sowie wichtige Details der Konstruktion erläutert. Nach ihrer Fertigstellung wird die Okavango River Bridge die erste Schrägseilbrücke in Botsuana sein. Sie wird einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Verbesserung und Entwicklung der Infrastruktur des Okavango‐Deltas leisten.

Okavango River Bridge in Botsuana, Africa – Elephant tusks for the Okavango. The Okavango River in the African country Botsuana leads in a domestic delta. Due to the fact that the area is very fertile a unique species richness of flora and fauna has developed. This is a magnet for tourists from all over the world. For developing the north‐eastern part of the Delta, it is planned to replace the existing ferry service by a static link as a cable‐stayed bridge. To emphasize the symbolic character of the building the towers were designed in a special design idea as the A‐pylons in form of intersecting elephant tusks. It is the design history, as well as important details of the construction explained. After completion, the Okavango River Bridge will be the first cablestayed bridge in Botsuana. It will make a significant contribution to improving and developing the infrastructure of the Okavango Delta.
Peptide‐mediated cancer targeting of nanoconjugates
Authors: Raha Sumita , Paunesku Tatjana , Woloschak Gayle
Published: November 2010

Targeted use of nanoparticles in vitro, in cells, and in vivo requires nanoparticle surface functionalization. Moieties that can be used for such a purpose include small molecules as well as polymers made of different biological and organic materials. Short amino acid polymers, peptides, can often rival target binding avidity of much larger molecules. At the same time, peptides are smaller than most nanoparticles and thus allow for multiple nanoparticle modifications and creation of pluripotent nanoparticles. Most nanoparticles provide multiple binding sites for different cargo and targeting peptides which can be used for the development of novel approaches for cancer targeting, diagnostics, and therapy. In this review, we will focus on peptides which have been used for the preparation of different nanoparticles designed for cancer research. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 269–281 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.121

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Behavioral Health Services “Don't Work for Us”: Cultural Incongruities in Human Service Systems for Alaska Native Communities
Authors: Wexler Lisa
Published: November 2010

Community psychology emphasizes the importance of context in the study of people's lives, and culture influences this in profound ways. To develop programs that effectively address diverse communities' problems, it is essential to recognize how Euro‐American human service systems are understood and responded to by the many different people being served by them. The article describes how some broadly defined social services—conceptualized and implemented within a Euro‐American framework—are ill suited for the everyday realities of Alaska Native villages. The cultural discontinuities are illustrated through ethnographic vignettes. The article concludes with suggestions for developing more culturally‐responsive ways to conceive of and do programming for Alaska Native and possibly other Indigenous and minority communities.
Production of MLM‐Type Structured Lipids Catalyzed by Immobilized Heterologous Rhizopus oryzae Lipase
Authors: Nunes P. A. , Pires‐Cabral P. , Guillén M. , Valero F. , Luna D. , Ferreira‐Dias S.
Published: November 2010

This work aims to produce triacylglycerols (TAG) containing a medium‐chain fatty acid (M) at positions sn‐1,3 and a long‐chain fatty acid (L) at sn‐2 position, i.e. TAG of MLM type, by acidolysis of virgin olive oil with caprylic (C8:0) or capric (C10:0) acids, catalyzed by 1,3‐selective Rhizopus oryzae heterologous lipase (rROL) immobilized in Eupergit® C and modified sepiolite. This lipase was produced by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Reactions were performed at 25 and 40 °C, for 24 h, either in solvent‐free or in n‐hexane media, at a molar ratio 1:2 (olive oil:free fatty acid). Higher incorporations of C8:0 (21.6 mol%) and C10:0 (34.8 mol%) into the TAG were attained in solvent‐free media, at 40 °C, when rROL immobilized in Eupergit® C was used. In organic media, at 40 °C, only 15.9 and 14.1 mol%, incorporation of C8:0 or C10:0 were, respectively observed. Lower incorporations were attained for both acids (3.4–7.0 mol%) when native ROL (nROL) in both supports and rROL in modified sepiolite were used. rROL in Eupergit® C maintained its activity during the first four or three 23‐h batches, respectively when C8:0 (half‐life time, t1/2 = 159 h) or C10:0 (t1/2 = 136 h) were used, decreasing thereafter following a time delay model.