bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The origins of the Home University Library
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: April 2007

The publishing history of The Home University Library is described and discussed. Its publishing economics are considered in relation to contemporary publishing and educational developments and the production of certain titles noted. The place of the library and its significance within publishing and education are discussed.
Sir Anthony Panizzi
Authors: Glasgow Eric
Published: April 2007

Describes the early career of Anthony Panizzi in Great Britain, and considers his relationship with W.E. Gladstone. Panizzi’s move to the British Museum Library and his subsequent career there are described, and his often stormy relationship with colleagues noted. Panizzi’s achievements in establishing and developing the British Museum as London’s national library are discussed and the circumstances of his retirement and succession are considered.
The social impact of public libraries
Authors: Jose Suaiden Emir
Published: April 2007

This paper analyses the divide between the information professional and the community. It focuses on topics such as social exclusion and the bibliographical explosion; information and knowledge production; the social impact of public libraries; the role of the information specialist in a developing society; reading habits; critical reading education; and the role of public libraries in an information society.
The compleat librarian
Authors: Irwin Raymond
Published: April 2007

Purpose

Aims to guide the young librarian and to compensate for his incompleatness.

Design/methodology/approach

The article, offering the author's views, was originally published in Library Review in 1931.

Findings

Asserts that the compleat librarian finds himself falling into what some may consider the cardinal sin of the age. In attempting to be a specialist in all things, he succeeds in being a specialist in nothing. Granting that wide horizons and mental agility are necessary elements in the qualifications of the good librarian, provides guidance on how best to set about obtaining them.

Originality/value

The article provides information of a historical nature, of value to present‐day information professionals.
Beyond BPR ‐ confronting the organizational legacy
Authors: Bryant Antony
Published: April 2007

BPR has become a popular topic for discussion among managers. After its initial enthusiastic reception in the early 1990s, severe doubts and concerns have begun to emerge. The article considers some of the strengths and weaknesses of the approach, and outlines a more inclusive framework within which BPR might be more critically and pragmatically assessed and applied.
Global teams for the millennium
Authors: Grundy John , Ginger Jennifer
Published: April 2007

Offers a glimpse of leading edge work in the management of geographically dispersed teams, looking at the practical aspects of using communication and information technology in business applications.
Managers in the year 2000 and after: a strategy for development
Authors: Weir David , Smallman Clive
Published: April 2007

The paper considers the need for an evolution in managerial skills in the twenty‐first century, and considers the required change in the nature of business schools and management development. Considering the history of management development in the UK and overseas, the paper uses the case study of the Bradford Management Centre in developing strategies to meet this challenge.
Lean behaviors
Authors: Emiliani M.L.
Published: April 2007

Seeks to extend the traditional understanding of productivity by more closely coupling task and behavioral elements of work within the bounds of 1890s mass production principles and 1990s lean production principles. Comparisons are made between common batch and queue manufacturing methods and the typical behaviors exhibited by people in the workplace which are known to be deficient in their ability to establish trust and gain commitment. A new model for leadership and organizational behavior based upon the philosophy and practice of lean production is presented, and contains concrete symbols rooted in behavioral science, philosophy, economics, and industrial engineering. The practice of lean behaviors is shown to be an essential element for producing healthy work environments that can lead to economic growth, as well as help businesses sustain efforts to become lean producers. The principal focus is on how individuals can consistently behave in ways that create value, with the goal of eliminating waste in both intra‐ and interpersonal relationships. Also included are guidelines to facilitate the selection and development of people that possess basic capabilities for eliminating waste in their thoughts and actions.
Provision of digital preservation metadata: a role for ONIX?
Authors: Brindley Gavin , Muir Adrienne , Probets Steve
Published: April 2007

Preserving the vast amount of digitally published data is of paramount importance to maintaining the intellectual heritage. In order that resources can be deposited, managed and retrieved, it will be necessary to accurately describe what has been preserved and how it has been preserved. This paper looks at the problems of producing accurate and effective metadata that describe preserved resources without incurring a prohibitive cost overhead. It investigates the extent to which existing metadata standards may be able to address this problem and specifically analyses whether ONIX metadata could be integrated into the preservation process.
The influence of nutrition knowledge on eating behavior – the role of grade level
Authors: Pirouznia Mahshid
Published: April 2007

Eating behaviors of children and adolescents are important in establishing adults’ preferences and behaviors. Nutrition knowledge is one of the factors that could influence an adolescent’s eating behavior. Therefore the relationship between nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors of adolescents was examined in this research project. The participants were students from a middle school in Ohio. The students were asked to answer a questionnaire CANKAP (Comprehensive Assessment of Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices), which measured nutrition knowledge and eating behavior. The results indicated that the relationship between nutrition knowledge and eating behavior was insignificant for sixth grade students, but significant for seventh and eighth grade students. The students were not able to identify the food sources of nutrients or nutrient functions, and they did not use a daily food guide to choose foods, although they were aware of the importance of milk and vegetable consumption. The findings in this study will add to the limited research data currently defining the relationship between nutrition knowledge and the eating behaviors of middle school students.
Injured bacteria in foods
Authors: Everis Linda
Published: April 2007

Food can contain a variety of micro‐organisms such as the bacteria Salmonella and E. coli and the yeasts and moulds. The presence of micro‐organisms in foodstuffs can affect both the safety and quality of the product. Consequently, food manufacturers have developed food processing treatments that help preserve foods, by destroying the micro‐organisms that are present or by injuring them and thus preventing their growth. There are many sites within a bacterial cell that can become damaged when the bacteria are subjected to these food processing treatments. These sites include the genetic material of the cell (DNA, RNA) and also the cell membrane. Some bacteria have developed ways to survive some processing treatments. These include the production of heat shock and cold shock proteins that help the cell function normally under higher or lower temperatures than normal. Some treatments will cause irreparable damage and the cells will be destroyed. However, sometimes the damage will be repairable and the cells are able to repair and recover. The micro‐organisms that are destroyed by processing will not cause subsequent food poisoning or spoilage, but organisms that are injured and become repaired could cause subsequent food spoilage or poisoning. The uninjured cells will be those organisms that are most easily detected and enumerated by current microbiological methods. The results gained from use of these methods are used to assess the risks of food spoilage and safety. However, the injured bacteria must also be accounted for. These organisms can also pose a food safety and/or spoilage risk as they can repair if the conditions become favourable. Therefore suitable test methods to detect bacteria within foodstuffs should be developed.
Encapsulation: A New Concept for the Food Industry?
Authors: Moorhouse Sally , Grundon Valerie
Published: April 2007

Discusses soft gelatin encapsulation, a new concept in the presentation
of food ingredients which offers many benefits including portion
control, elimination of taint problems during manufacture, extended
shelf‐life of product, and convenience of use. Gelatin′s properties make
it particularly useful in foods as it acts as a barrier, protecting the
liquid capsule contents from the outside environment and acts as a
physical barrier to bacteria, yeasts and moulds. It also provides a low
permeability membrane to gases, retarding the ingress of oxygen.
Research shows that consumers accept soft gelatin capsules as a
presentation form for food ingredients, particularly where messy or
difficult to control ingredients are involved. It confirms that soft gel
encapsulation offers exciting opportunities for the development of novel
products in the food industry and new market opportunities.
An Assessment of the Potential of Sugar‐free Confectionery in the UK
Market
Authors: Stewart Jayne , Moran Anne
Published: April 2007

Examines some of the reasons for the reluctance of UK manufacturers to
develop sugar‐free confectionery and investigates sugar substitutes
currently in use, assessing their effects on health.
Postcard from the edge ‐ the African experience
Authors: McGrath Marie
Published: April 2007

Reports on a nutritional survey and a review of a feeding programme operating in Sierra Leone. Features the author’s experiences and feelings with regard to the transition from work in a UK hospital to life in Sierra Leone.
Plant‐based alternatives to meat
Authors: Davies Jill , Lightowler Helen
Published: April 2007

Discusses the plant‐based alternatives to meat. Looks at the production and uses of a range of meat alternatives from different sources including: soya beans; wheat protein; pea and wheat protein; and myco‐protein. Compares the nutrient profiles with those of meat. Concludes that the way forward is to create new products based on plant proteins and to veganise existing vegetarian meat alternatives.
Hydrodynamic mobility analysis of axial vane lift mechanisms in cylindrical cams
Authors: Mucino V.H. , Smith J.E. , Sun K.
Published: April 2007

In this paper a new method for the hydrodynamic analysis of a sliding cylinder in a lubricated parallel track is presented. The method is an extension of Booker’s “Mobility Method” (developed for cylindrical journal bearings) for the case of a non‐rotating sliding cylinder in a parallel track. In this application, the clearance between the track and the cylinder, the viscosity of the lubricant, the radius and length of the pin, the sliding velocity and the applied transverse load determine the hydrodynamic behavior of the slider cylinder. An axial positive displacement vane device is used to illustrate the applicability of the hydrodynamic mobility approach for a lubrication analysis. A rotor and a stationary cylindrical cam with cycloidal tracks drive the axicycloidal motion of vanes. A case analysis is presented for a device running at constant speed, in which the inertia forces, friction forces and direct vane loads are taken into account to determine the hydrodynamic behavior of the sliding pins. The following results are produced: pin eccentricity paths, minimum lubricant film thickness history, peak film pressure history and pressure distributions on the cylindrical at any point of the motion. Results show small departures from the purely cycloidal lift‐dwell‐return‐dwell motion of the vanes due to the hydrodynamic performance of the pins.
Fundamentals of dry friction and some practical examples
Authors: Holinski R.
Published: April 2007

Dry sliding of different components over each other results in changes of interfaces. During the running‐in procedure a surface accommodation takes place. There is transfer of material from the softer to the harder component. At the surface of a composite a friction layer is formed, which has a different chemistry than the matrix. Type of friction layer and transfer layer govern the tribological performance of a dry sliding system. In order to arrive at desired frictional properties various additives are added to composites. Change of tribological performance by use of solid lubricants in dry bearings, carbon brushes and brake linings is discussed.
A study of sample withdrawal for lubricated systems. Part 2: practical sample withdrawal and selection of proper sampling methods
Authors: Berg Sven
Published: April 2007

Aims to use some of the sampling techniques and sampling routines, mentioned in Part 1 of the article, to perform practical tests to determine their differences in withdrawing samples. Uses two different types of systems, a hydraulic system and a gear system, together with some of the investigated sampling techniques. In order to find out the optimum sampling method for each of the two systems, uses a specification of requirements and a systematic approach, together with practical sample withdrawal from the two systems. For the hydraulic system, uses an on‐line particle counter and bottle samples from valves, and for the gear system, applies drain‐plug and vacuum pump sampling. It was found that for hydraulic systems on‐line sampling is the most appropriate, if information on the elements is not required. If information on the elements is required, bottle sampling from a valve together with flushing of the valve should be performed. For the gear system no difference was seen between the samples taken with a vacuum pump and those taken from the drain‐plug, and therefore an alternative method is suggested to improve the reliability of the sampling.
New developments in re‐engineering organizations
Authors: Campbell Stephen , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: April 2007

Business process re‐engineering was first popularized by Michael Hammer and James Champy, with their book, Reengineering the Corporation. The book advocated throwing away current business methods, models, procedures and processes and replacing them with newly re‐engineered business processes. This and subsequent “re‐engineering” methodologies have placed the primary focus on the business process, and put little, if any, emphasis on human factors. Suggests that many re‐engineering projects fail because of this obvious neglect of human behavioural factors and identifies some proven management techniques which should be used in conjunction with any re‐engineering methodology to ensure successful transformation of the business, and the people within the organization.
New developments in time compression management
Authors: Chang Kei , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: April 2007

Examines the concept and application of Time Compression Management (TCM) which is concerned with increasing flexibility, reducing process cycle times, improving inventory management and improving response to customers’ needs. Considers process cycles both for single products and, more broadly, by including activities concerned both with suppliers and distribution networks.
Business strategy and approaches to HRM ‐ A case study of new developments in the United Kingdom restaurant industry
Authors: Kelliher Clare , Perrett Gilly
Published: April 2007

Considers the relationship between business strategy and approaches to HRM. Theory suggests that certain approaches to HRM align more appropriately with different business strategies. Hence a new approach to business might suggest the need for a new approach to managing HR. Examines this relationship in more depth in the context of a new market development within the UK restaurant industry, the emergence of the so‐called “Designer restaurants”. Reports the findings on the conduct of HRM from a case study of three designer restaurants. Whilst some evidence of a move away from traditional (for the restaurant industry) approaches to HRM is presented, the findings do not indicate a clear relationship between business strategy and the approach to HRM. Discusses the implications for our understanding of the relationship.
Quality control for an EAP
Authors: Megranahan Mike
Published: April 2007

Although many organizations are increasingly providing employee
assistance programmes (EAPs), many fail to assess what they want to get
from them and how they will monitor the quality of the service they are
receiving. Suggests that EAPs can be monitored successfully through a
system of benchmarking key EAP components. Once these objectives have
been agreed jointly by the organization and the EAP provider, it is much
easier for all parties to agree on the progress and effectiveness of the
programme. Highlights the process and objectives of EAP monitoring.
The Minnesota tobacco trial, 1994‐1998
Authors: Lilyard Caroline , Anderson Anita M.
Published: April 2007

Briefly highlights the recent lawsuit between the state of Minnesota and seven corporations or organizations promoting the sale of tobacco. Sources for research on the Minnesota lawsuit, and other tobacco litigation, are noted, in particular the Minnesota Document Depository, which houses previously undisclosed tobacco industry documents. It concludes with an Appendix of the timeline and players in the Minnesota tobacco trial from 1994‐1998.
A guide to women’s health on the Web
Authors: Shedivy Joan M.
Published: April 2007

This article presents a selection of women’s health resources on the Internet. These Web sites are useful to researchers, physicians, patients and the general public. Sites are grouped into the following major categories: gateway sites, associations, fertility and family planning, women’s special health concerns, emotional and mental health, violence against women, nutrition and fitness, older women, women of color, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons, and women with disabilities.
International marketing and electronic government sources: a collaborative research strategy workshop
Authors: Tims Betty J. , Judd Vaughan C.
Published: April 2007

Reference and document librarians are increasingly faced with questions about international marketing as a result of globalization. Knowing where to look for specialized information of this kind can be a daunting task. While the focus of this paper is to describe an international marketing workshop, the sources described and the types of questions raised in the workshop can be helpful to busy reference librarians. This paper describes four US government sources that are available in electronic format. Using these electronic sources, librarians can quickly answer a variety of questions, or show patrons how they can find information free of charge.
Open access webliography
Authors: Ho Adrian K. , Bailey Charles W.
Published: April 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to present a wide range of useful freely available internet resources (e.g. directories, e‐journals, FAQs, mailing lists, and weblogs) that allow the reader to investigate the major aspects of the important open access (OA) movement.

Design/methodology/approach

The internet resources included in this webliography were identified during the course of one of the authors writing the Open Access Bibliography: Liberating Scholarly Literature with E‐prints and Open Access Journals. The authors evaluated, selected, categorized, and annotated these resources to construct this webliography, which complements the bibliography.

Findings

The most useful resources have been annotated and organized into webliography sections. For example, the “Starting Points”, “Debates”, and “General Information” sections list resources that orient the reader to OA and the issues involved. The different “Directories (and Guides)” sections alert the reader to useful finding aids on relevant subjects.

Originality/value

This webliography provides easy access to the most relevant internet resources for understanding and practicing OA. It affirms the significance of OA in scholarly communication, and it identifies the key parties involved in and/or contributing to the OA movement.
University library statistics from LISU
Authors: Sumsion John
Published: April 2007

More comprehensive trend data on UK academic libraries’ operations and resources are now available. Explains the extended scope of annual published statistics ‐ along with a summary of results for 1994/95 and the previous ten years. Discusses the general statistical approach including the importance of trend analysis over long (ten year) time periods. Regular established statistics are important to monitor the extent to which traditional operations are supplemented or replaced by new technology.
Minimum Wages – Again!
Authors: Freeman Richard B.
Published: April 2007

Looks at the role of the minimum in wage setting and how it differs
among countries and over time. Discusses the differing attributes of
minimum wages and their pluses and minuses.
The Effects of the Minimum Wage in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Girardin Eric , Marimoutou Velayoudom
Published: April 2007

The effects of the minimum wage on employment in Western economies are
relatively uncontroversial. The introduction of a minimum wage in
Czechoslovakia at the start of the transition, and its increase one year
later, gives the opportunity to evaluate to what extent its effects on
employment seem to have been comparable to those known for market
economies. In order to go further than the measure of direct effects on
employment, estimates and simulates a small‐scale macro‐econometric
model over the period February 1991 to September 1992, which takes into
account the feedback effects of the direct change in employment through
other macroeconomic variables. These feedback effects seem to accentuate
the increase in the level of employment generated by a fall in the
minimum wage by two‐thirds after a term.
The Economics of Low Pay in Britain
Authors: Sloane P.J. , Theodossiou I.
Published: April 2007

Examines the extent of low pay in Britain, first by estimating a Lorenz
curve and, second, by using a logistic regression approach. Low pay is
defined in terms of the first three deciles of the income distribution
for all workers. The data are taken from the 1986 Social and Economic
Life Survey of 6,110 individuals in six local labour markets using a
matched employer‐employee sample. Gender is the most important variable
but women, as men, can improve their relative positions by acquiring
human capital. Variables inducing upward mobility are much the same
– regardless of position in the wage structure.
Union membership and coverage: a study using the nested multinomial
logit model
Authors: Wright Peter
Published: April 2007

Seeks to examine the link between union membership and union
recognition by using the nested multinomial logit model. Explains the
application to modelling union membership, dividing variables into
blue– and white‐collar workers. Concludes that the most important
determinant of union membership is the workers′ perception of the
employer′s attitude to unions.
Leading in limbo land: the role of a leader during merger and acquisition transition
Authors: Thach Liz , Nyman Mark
Published: April 2007

As the number of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) continues to increase on a global basis, more leaders are called upon to develop their M&A transition skills. But what is the role of a leader when it has just been announced that their organization has been acquired or merged? How do leaders keep themselves and others motivated and focused on work goals, customer satisfaction, and revenue growth? This article introduces an M&A leadership model, describing six skill categories leaders should develop to support themselves, their employees, and their organizations through successful M&A transition.
Emergence of the Operant Model of Effective Supervision
Authors: Komaki Judith L.
Published: April 2007

A first‐hand account of how one of the lesser known features of operant
conditioning – its prosocial stance hooked an idealistic graduate student
in the late 1960s and has kept her contentedly spinning models in the
field of leadership.
Engineers and surgeons collaborate
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: April 2007

A day conference at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers on 14 November 2000 brought together engineers engaged in development of robotic aids, and surgeons, some of whom are currently using robotic assistance in their work. The meeting provided a valuable opportunity for sharing of experience. Chairman of the event was Dr Patrick Finlay, who, as founder of Armstrong Healthcare, has been a pioneer in the development of medical robotics. Dr Finlay himself spoke about the Pathfinder image‐guided robot for neurosurgery. The aim of this is to free the surgeon and patient from the rigid stereotactic frame which has been necessary to secure the required 1mm precision of positioning for a tool tip. Mr Rory McCloy described his use of robots in laparoscopic surgery. A delicate drilling operation on flexible bone tissue in the ear was described by Professor Peter Brett, and among other presentations were three relating to 3D image capture for surgery.
FlexPlace: watchmaker precision for robotic placement of automobile body parts
Authors: Picard Marie‐Pierre
Published: April 2007

ABB’s commitment to adding value for customers includes a constant quest for innovation and improvement – new ideas, new thinking, new solutions and stronger customer relationships. FlexPlace is an example of that new thinking. Developed at ABB’s body‐in‐white facility in France, it is a software solution that will greatly improve efficiency and cost‐effectiveness in auto body assembly. Robots with FlexPlace use sensors and pattern recognition to automatically assemble the larger parts of a car, like the roof and the doors, with sub‐millimeter accuracy, and do away with the heavy and expensive tooling traditionally used.
Shaping the future BendWizard: a tool for off‐line programming of robotic tending systems
Authors: Conca Paolo
Published: April 2007

Setting up a robot to make metal cabinets or cases for desktop computers can be a complex operation. For instance, one expert might be required to carry out a feasibility study, and then another to actually program the robot. Understandably, the need for so much expertise, and the time that is required, generally limits the usefulness of automation to high‐volume production. Workshops producing parts in batches smaller than 50 or so, or which rely heavily on semi‐skilled operators, are therefore often discouraged from investing in automation, and so miss out on its many advantages. What is needed is a software tool that operators without special knowledge of robotics, or with no more than rudimentary CAD skills, can use; one which allows easy offline programming and simulation of the work cell on a PC.
Palletizing robots for the consumer goods industry
Authors: Hemmingson Eric
Published: April 2007

FlexPalletizer IRB 640 is the name of a new palletizing robot developed by ABB that meets the special needs of the consumer goods industry, and particularly those of the foodstuffs and beverage sector. A total of 1,200 palletizing cycles per hour and a handling capacity of 160kg are among the performance features that ensure fast pay‐back of the capital investment. Modern software tools not only increase productivity, but also lower the cost of operating the robot. PalletWizard, for example, allows users to create their own palletizing programs off‐line and requires no special knowledge of programming. It works in a PC environment and allows the robot to be kept in production while new work cycles, etc., are being created.
The Preci‐Check flexible measuring system
Authors: Chevalier John
Published: April 2007

Describes the use of a robot as a measuring system for checking the manufacturing tolerance of complex 3‐D assemblies.
Engaging with SMEs: Power, Politics and Communication
Authors: Nolan Terry
Published: April 2007

This article explores the situation whereby small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) communicate with the many agencies that attempt to provide information, training programmes and other initiatives. The problems encountered are explained in terms of Clegg’s (1989) (Circuits of Power’ model. By this means, it is demonstrated that systemic power is exerted on the basis of (resource dependency’, firstly by government (EU and national) and its selected agencies and subsequently by the agencies to the SMEs. As a result it provides a political and theoretical contribution that addresses the hegemonic effect of a knowledge management system. Within such a critical epistemology, it is almost inevitable that Habermasian notions of the (ideal speech situation’ are invoked. As the discussion on power relationships unravels, instances of (systematically distorted’ communication are uncovered (Habermas, 1968; 1971; 1979). The linkage between knowledge and power (Introna, 1997) is also used to demonstrate how prevailing attitudes amongst agencies damage communication with SMEs.
Supply network strategy
Authors: Harland C.M. , Knight L.A.
Published: April 2007

This paper presents an argument that it is possible for an organisation to manage networks, but understanding this involves consideration of what is meant by “managing”. Based on prior research and data from a major longitudinal action research study in the health sector, the paper describes six network management roles: network structuring agent; co‐ordinator; advisor; information broker; relationship broker; innovation sponsor. The necessary “assets” for effective performance of these roles are identified, in particular those relating to team competence. The findings enrich and significantly develop previous work on network management roles and activities, and their influencing factors. It is concluded that, given the specific nature of the networks studied, further research is required to evaluate the generalisability of the findings, though initial indications are promising.
Machine safety with fieldbus
Authors: Piggin Richard , Young Ken
Published: April 2007

Standards have restricted the use of networks and programmable electronics in safety‐related applications. New standards have released technology to enable improvements in safety and ensure developments take place within an overall safety framework. Best practice in the additional protocol enhancements required is discussed. The installation of a safety‐related fieldbus, replacing conventional hardwiring in a machine safety system is used to illustrate the potential of the technology. The use of fieldbus in safety‐related applications is shown to reduce complexity and enhance functionality, whilst enabling significantly reduced ownership cost.
PC‐based control reduces RF cage manufacturing times by 80 per cent
Authors: Hodgkinson Geoff
Published: April 2007

Using the PC‐based control system 4CONTROL, the manufacture of RF cages for radio frequency instruments at Rohde & Schwarz in Germany has been almost completely automated. CAD systems, production planning and machine control across three sites have been integrated into the company IT networks to achieve virtually paperless production. Manufacturing times have been reduced from 15 to three days.
Trends in precision motion control
Authors: Rawlings Eliza
Published: April 2007

Discusses current trends in the application of motors and drives by OEM users. Networks such as CAN and SERCOS are expanding rapidly and being controlled by PC/Windows‐based systems, with software written in “C” combined with proprietary libraries.
Product miniaturization requires automation – but with a strategy
Authors: Duncheon Charlie
Published: April 2007

Discusses the business strategies and technologies required for the succesful implementation of automation, with particular emphasis on the assembly of miniature components and fibre optic manufacturing systems.
Data modelling for web enabled design of modular precision assembly devices
Authors: Ratchev Svetan , Lohse Niels
Published: April 2007

One of the key factors for success in assembly automation at present is the ability of system integrators to deliver more reliable and customised systems within shorter periods of time. Despite the active research in the development of distributed engineering support systems, there is a clear need for practical methods and tools to support the interactions between different stakeholders at the early product and assembly system design stages. This paper reports on the development of assembly process and equipment data models using context free grammars. The models enable a web‐based decision‐making for formation of assembly workstations using distributed linguistic approach.
SmartImage sensors deliver low‐cost Windows‐based vision to motion control
Authors: Schreiber Michael
Published: April 2007

DVT Corporation gives an account of its motion control feedback and inspection system for optimal process enhancement. Gives application examples.
(M)other tongue: a selected annotated bibliography of world “Englishes”
Authors: Conteh‐Morgan Miriam
Published: April 2007

The cultures and languages of Africa and Asia have had an immense impact on the use of English language there. Awareness of this impact led to a recognition of new, indigenized varieties known collectively as world “Englishes”. They display a number of linguistic and pragmatic patterns different from native varieties, and these have been the subject of much scholarly activity over the last 30 years. This selected bibliography attempts to introduce the literature to librarians, other than English, linguistics, or education selectors. Interdisciplinary in nature, the study of world “Englishes” has implications for research in the history, culture, sociology, and politics of these regions. Selectors in these subjects and general reference librarians should therefore know more about world “Englishes” to provide more useful assistance to patrons.
Micromachined accelerometer with microprocessor controlled self‐test procedure
Authors: Beeby S.P. , Grabham N.J. , White N.M.
Published: April 2007

This paper describes a self‐test procedure for a micromachined silicon accelerometer realized using a commercially available microprocessor. The accelerometer is fabricated using a combination of thick‐film printing and silicon micromachining. It consists of a silicon structure with thick‐film piezoelectric elements that act as sensors, detecting the deflections of the inertial mass, and also as actuators capable of performing a self‐test routine. The self‐test procedure must be performed at resonance and the microprocessor is used to identify the individual resonant frequency of each device and confirm the operation of the PZT elements. This work has successfully demonstrated the feasibility of a microprocessor implemented procedure and has highlighted some interesting behavioral characteristics of the accelerometer. The microprocessor could also be used in the future to fully test and calibrate the device thereby ensuring correct and accurate operation.
Automatic detection of traffic incidents using data obtained from sensors embedded in intelligent freeways
Authors: Adeli Hojjat
Published: April 2007

This paper reviews innovative research done during the past few years on automatic detection of traffic incidents by the author and his associates using data obtained from sensors embedded in intelligent freeways. A multi‐paradigm intelligent system approach is employed to solve the complicated and chaotic pattern recognition problem using neural networks, fuzzy logic, and wavelets. Wavelet‐based de‐noising and feature extraction techniques are employed to eliminate undesirable fluctuations in observed data from traffic sensors. The result is reliable algorithms with high incident detection and very low false alarm rates.
Neural network applications in multisensor systems
Authors: Corcoran P , Lowery P
Published: April 2007

Reviews the suitability of different neural network architectures for
use with typical multisensor systems required by their increasing use in
complex engineering applications. Outlines the learning mechanisms that are
required [to generate the transformation between the data at the input and
the corresponding output] involving back‐propagation networks and
self‐organising map networks. Looks at the three main problem areas of
classification, quantification and descriptions and uses the case study of an
electronic nose as a system which encounters each of these problems.
Concludes that the combination of artificial neural networking tools with
mutisensors is becoming more widely accepted and defines the need for the
investigation of alternative supervised and unsupervised architecture if the
true potential of multisensor systems is to be realized.
Intelligent cameras
Authors: Shapiro Larry
Published: April 2007

Argues that while vision sensors have become increasingly popular in a variety of industrial application areas, typical machine vision systems have, until now, been unnecessarily bulky and costly. Points out that these problems have now been redressed by the emergence of the “intelligent”, or “smart camera”. Outlines the advantages of this new technology.
Developments in RFID
Authors: Byfield Ian
Published: April 2007

Examines the increasing use of radio frequency identification (RFID) owing to the falling prices of transponders and other equipment. Briefly describes the current situation of the RFID industry and outlines some of its applications. Concludes by asking where the industry is heading and predicting a bright future.
RF tags overcome European hurdles
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: April 2007

Explains how radio frequency tagging has established itself in Australia and the USA, where 915MHz is acceptable for this purpose and pulsed power allows read distances of 7m or more to be achieved with a passive (no batteries) tag. Points out that in Europe there is no one acceptable frequency available in every country, so a pioneer Australian company has adopted 458MHz for UK use and 433MHz for Germany and some other countries. Describes some of the successful applications so far and points to future possibilities including monitoring of BSE in cattle.
Advanced sensors for environmental monitoring in fossil‐fired power plant
Authors: Tomkings A.B.
Published: April 2007

States that power stations have utilized automation to achieve effective and acceptable environmental levels in the operation of power stations. Lists the advantages to be gained from environmental monitoring and gives an overview of established dust and smoke sensor techniques. States the four basic methods which can be used to measure the concentration of gaseous species in a combustion gas and reviews gas measuring techniques under development.
A CTFM acoustic spatial sensing technology: its use by blind persons and robots
Authors: Kay Leslie
Published: April 2007

A binaural sonar sensor for blind persons which models the bat sonar is described. System performance with field plots are presented along with signal analysis on objects forming targets. The distal spatial resolution is little more than one wavelength at the lowest frequency of 50 kHz. The operating bandwidth is 50 kHz producing the power to discriminate between objects. Distance and direction information is obtained over a field of view of 50 degrees within one frequency sweep. Blind persons have demonstrated mobility akin to sighted mobility. This knowledge is of value in designing robots.
Seven key issues for management development
Authors: Paauwe Jaap , Williams Roger
Published: April 2007

Introduces the key issues in management development that this special issue aims to tackle. These include: what is management development? Why is management development worthy of our attention? What is to be learnt and when? What are the most effective techniques? Approaches the task from first principles looking at how work is changing, what managers actually do and how they can be most effective. Notes that classroom‐based learning is being abandoned in favour of on‐the‐job and project‐based learning but these approaches are not without difficulties either. The new approaches also make it imperative to tie the development program in with organizational strategy. In turn, this helps spread knowledge throughout the organization. Finally, considers the evaluation of development programs where learning becomes a two‐way process.
Women, equality and construction
Authors: Fielden Sandra L. , Davidson Marilyn J. , Gale Andrew , Davey Caroline L.
Published: April 2007

Examines the situation faced by women in the UK construction industry. Finds that women are confronted by a significant number of barriers, beginning with difficulties in joining the industry. In addition, the administrative or human resource management roles traditionally occupied by women do not lead to mainstream roles and senior management roles. To increase prospects, women need to able to take on the more mainstream roles in the industry such as design, engineering and construcition iteself. The main investigation of the article is therefore into the barriers preventing women from taking these roles. Conclusions and suggestions for reform are made.
The effectiveness of human resource practices on advancing men’s and women’s ranks
Authors: Jansen Paul G.W. , van der Velde Mandy E.G. , Telting Inge A.
Published: April 2007

The present longitudinal study examines the effect of 105 different human resource practices, grouped into four domains (staffing, human resource development, hygiene factors, supportive climate) on trends in the increase or decrease of the number of men and women working at different hierarchical levels. In addition to the four HR domains, the effect of initial gender ratio at the start of the program was analyzed. Results show that intitial gender ratio had the largest effect on the advancement of men and women. Surprisingly, both women and men benefited from a larger female gender ratio in the highest job levels. If the effect of gender ratio is omitted, it appears that the advancement of men and women in the highest job levels is negatively affected by hygiene practices and not influenced by staffing, development or supportive practices.
More “walk the talk”
Authors: Phelps Susan
Published: April 2007

This article applies Total Quality Management (TQM) concepts to the specific case of contracting out. Specifically, it applies quality expert E. Edwards Deming’s 14 points to the management of contracts by firms employing contractors. His points are generally held to be the “bedrock philosophy” on which any TQM effort must rest. By adapting these quality concepts and philosophies to contracting practices, processes and procedures, managers can develop Total Quality Contracting (TQC) approaches for their organizations.
What is a structure?
Authors: Jessop Donald
Published: April 2007

Considers the meaning of “structure” within the Party Wall etc. Act 1996. Notes that a literal meaning might include all man‐made objects in the built environment. Argues, however, that such an interpretation might be subject to a qualifying limitation on the basis of the golden rule of statutory interpretation and the presumption against depriving an individual of his rights. Suggests, on this basis, that only significant objects which are sufficiently proximate to the building operations to involve some real invasion of an adjoining owner’s rights should be included within the definition. Notes that this leaves considerable scope for discretion to be exercised by surveyors.
Reading between the Lines
Authors: Coghill Roger
Published: April 2007

In the last 100 years mankind has, for the first time in evolution,
incorporated artificial electromagnetic fields and radiations into the
built environment. Thirty years passed after the discovery of X‐rays
before any exposure limits were imposed on these “ionizing” radiations,
and the exposure limits have steadily fallen ever since, as early
researchers found out to their cost just how dangerous these unseen
energies are. Now scientists are asking whether chronic exposure to the
non‐ionizing electromagnetic fields ubiquitous in homes, offices and
factories, and which also emanate from powerlines, TV and radio masts
and radar, are also likely to cause ill health. Sets out the present
position in the fierce debate over claimed ill health effects from weak
environmental electromagnetic fields, assesses the evidence, and gives
practical advice for the structural engineer or surveyor. This is a
subject to which professional bodies must give serious consideration
within the near future, on the basis of this and other independent
advice.
Radon and remedial issues
Authors: Dixon D.W. , Scivyer C.
Published: April 2007

The Government has recognised the significance of exposures in houses to the natural radioactive gas radon and has over the past decade initiated various campaigns in conjunction with NRPB, BRE and local authorities to mitigate its effects. This article explains the principal features of the programme to reduce radon exposures in existing housing, which is based on encouraging occupiers to measure radon levels in their homes and publicising the availability of cheap and effective remedies. The important role is noted of professional groups such as surveyors in the housing market and detailed descriptions provided of the main methods of reducing radon levels and their suitability for particular buildings. The importance of raising radon awareness amongst professionals is noted and sources of further information are provided including technical reports on remedial measures.
Noise, Vibration and Senior Management
Authors: Hamson Kevin
Published: April 2007

Investigates the hazard to health caused by noise and vibration,
suggesting that these two health hazards have long been seen as the
Cinderella to many other health and safety issues. However, there still
exists a degree of ignorance over the risk of lower levels of noise or
vibration; senior managers see only the cost of solving these problems
rather than the danger. Provides a history of noise and vibration
legislation; provides a key for a noise reduction programme. Continues
to suggest ways to identify noise and vibration exposure.
Application of information technology to housing management
Authors: Fine Brian
Published: April 2007

This paper discusses experience gained in using IT in managing housing directly by local authorities and in tenant‐managed estates. Many tenant‐managed estates are run more effectively than those managed by the best local authorities, even the worst of the tenant‐managed estates are as good as those of the local authorities in whose area they are based.
Marketing paradise: citizen professionals on the road to paradise (via Damascus)
Authors: Thomas Michael
Published: April 2007

Defines two types of marketing professionalism: mechanical, market‐driven professionalism; and social trustee, civic professionalism. Asserts that the marketing profession should pursue the latter in order to survive. Argues that marketing professionals must minister to the needs and wants of other citizens, promote democracy and ensure social responsibility rather than be self‐serving. Outlines the ways in which “true professionalism” can be achieved.