bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trump, Johnson and New Primitivism - The Manifestations and Causes of Major Crisis in the USA and the UK
Authors: Pribićević Ognjen
Published: April 2023

Over the past few decades, major changes have taken place in the two most influential Western countries – the USA and the UK. These changes found political expression in Trump’s presidential victory and the triumph of Brexit in 2016. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changed political reality in these states and explain its causes. In the first part, the author provides a theoretical framework and discusses the old and new categories to provide explanation for the changes in these states. In the second part, he analyzes the main changes in political life in the USA and UK embodied in Donald Trump and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson. In the third part, he points to the basic causes of the crisis in the USA and UK that led to Donald Trump’s victory in 2016 and UK’s withdrawal from the EU.

The countries that were beacons of civilized dialogue among political opponents now harbor growing intolerance, lack of accountability and ruthless mudslinging campaigns against political opponents. The radicalization of political life in the USA culminated in former President Trump’s supporters storming the Congress which left five people dead. In the second most influential state of the Western world, during the pro- remain or pro-leave the EU campaign, a British MP was killed while the politicians were stoking fears of impending wars, genocide and even invoked the politics dating back to Hitler and Napoleon. The policy of exclusiveness pursued by Trump and Brexiteers brought about the social polarization in the USA and the UK unprecedented since the Second World War.

The author proceeds from a hypothesis that deep social and ethnic divisions, rising poverty, less access to higher education for broader social strata, lack of trust in democratic and supranational institutions, obsession with one’s own cultural identity, fear of large-scale immigration and domination of reality culture set the stage for the changes in political life in these countries, making it possible for Trump and Brexit to prevail. The paper provides a critical analysis of previous attempts to account for the victory of Trump and Brexit, particularly the theory of cultural backlash by which US political analysts Norris and Inglehart explain the rise of authoritarian populism in the USA and the UK. The author is of the view that following Biden’s presidential victory in 2020 the situation in the USA will not change significantly since it is not just the politicians that create the political environment but rather the social and economic situation which has deteriorated even further in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The UK has managed to avoid significant radicalization in political life since the divisions over Brexit did not follow partisan and ideological lines as was the case in the USA.
The Scary Black Box: AI Driven Recommender Algorithms as The Most Powerful Social Force
Authors: Bojić Ljubiša , Bulatović Aleksandra , Žikić Simona
Published: April 2023

Recommender algorithms shape societies by individually exposing online users to everything they see, hear and feel in real time. We examine the development of recommender algorithms from the Page Rank and advertising platforms to social media trending tools to draw conclusions about their social effects. Decisions on how to simplify the complex world around us into dozens of possibilities immensely affect societies and individuals. Similar to our perceptive apparatus, algorithms are eyes and ears in the online world, as they focus our attention towards what they "think" should be important, which is similar to news priming. That is why recommender algorithms are compared to mass media, given their similar roles to sell products and prolong content exposure of online users. This inquiry concludes that AI driven recommender algorithms represent the most powerful social force at present.
Those We Love to Hate: An Anthropological Analysis of "Succesion" as a Critique of Late-Stage Capitalism
Authors: Milanović MInić Nevena
Published: April 2023

The paper tackles interpretations of late-stage capitalism and characters as incomplete antiheroes in the Succession tv-series (HBO 2018-). The characters in Succesion are the members of the wealthy American Roy family, in possesion of their own, family-run media conglomerate-empire, named Waystar RoyCo. Family businesses figure as symbols and pillars of success and are thought to preserve "good family values" in the official everyday and western political discourse. But Succession breaks down this myth and glorification of family-run businesses and treats it as a model of corrupted relationships that mirror themselves onto the smaller scales – specially onto family structure as a basic societal denominator. Following this premise is the second compontent – emotional reactions generated through morally ambiguous actions undertaken by every single character in the series. The lack of protagonist in the series and the portrayal of every character as an incomplete antihero leads us to the second important premise of the paper: the tropologization of characters, where every character embodies certain broader system flaw(s). Portrayed in this manner, characters are bearers of identity traits of late-stage capitalism hegemony. By exploiting their flaws, internal conflicts and morally ambiguous acts, the flaws of the system itself are revealed to the viewers. The dynamics of corrupted and broken relationships within the Roy family lead to perceiving it as an anti-family, which mirrors the insanity and downfall of the same system. The sardonic humor and brutalistic portrayal of the lack of ethics and morals generate strong emotional reactions among audiences that result in "liking the unlikeable". This controversial "loving to hate" is rooted in the cognitive and moral distance that builds up during the course of the series, which enables the viewers to take the standpoint of moral superiority.
The Ritual-Mythological Semantics of the Azerbaijan Khidir Nabi Holiday
Authors: Albaliyev Shakir Alif oglu
Published: April 2023

After Novruz holiday the most important holiday according to the ritual-mythological bases and ethno-cultural semantics of Azerbaijani folk holidays is Khidir Nabi holiday. In fact, the holidays of Novruz and Khidir Nabi are not separated from each other as part of the national calendar: these holidays belong to the different stages of the folk calendar and are united according to the ethno-cultural essence and concept. They are the components of the unified mythical system of thinking of people about time, as independent holidays, which do not replace each other and are not alternative. However, it should be noted that Novruz is more widespread due to the ethno-cultural geography than the holiday Khidir Nabi.

The main purpose of the research is to investigate the ritual-mythological semantics of the Azerbaijani Khidir Nabi holiday. The research presented in this paper is mainly based on the historical-comparative and ritual-mythological approach methods.
Who Has an Art, Has Everywhere a Part: Craft Production, Specialization, and Prestige in Praehistoric Societies
Authors: Vitezović Selena
Published: April 2023

Craft specialization means that certain tasks and/or activities are performed exclusively by certain members of a community, either as their main/basic activity, or parallel to other activities. The emergence of specialization is often associated to complex societies, or more precisely, its presence presupposes social stratification and is negated in non-stratified societies. However, the organization of production of various goods and the development of specialization are much more complex, and cannot be simply characterized in terms of presence/absence, since there are various modes and levels of specialization. Therefore, over the last decades the need is recognized for a new revised theoretical framework. Some authors suggest new definitions of specialization and production organization, specifically emphasizing social and cultural aspects (along with the purely economic ones) that influence the technological choices. Power and prestige status are not solely linked to control over resources and larger amount of material goods, but also to their character – prestige objects are an important factor in the development of crafts, the emergence of craft specialization, and emergence/increase in social inequality. In praehistory, the symbolic importance and value were ascribed to certain technologies and objects, not only on the grounds of exotic raw material or other highly valued qualities (durability of an object, as well as non-utilitarian traits, such as colour), but also due to the effort and skill applied in their production. Such prestige objects secured or reflected the esteem and status to the individuals who made and/or possessed them.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Mask-Wearing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Comparing China, Japan and the USA
Authors: Mathews Gordon
Published: April 2023

During the Covid-19 epidemic, Japanese and Chinese have overwhelmingly tended to wear face masks, while Americans have not.  Why?  In this paper, based on ethnographic interviews with members of these three societies as well as examination of mass media and scholarly reports, I provide a preliminary interpretation of this question.

       I first consider social psychologists’ large-scale analyses of collectivism versus individualism; China and Japan are both considered to be collectivistic societies, whereas the United States is considered to be individualistic. I also consider ethnic belonging to one’s nation in China and Japan, as opposed to civic belonging to one’s nation in the United States. These explications have value in understanding Covid-19 policies but seem of limited use in explaining mask-wearing. For such understanding, I turn to ethnographic interviews—some twenty in each society—as well as participant-observation in public sites.

       My findings are these: While in Japan social pressure is paramount in leading to mask wearing, with the state mostly absent, in China state pressure is paramount, with social pressure largely absent.  In the United States, with social pressure absent beyond one’s sub-group and state pressure hotly contested, mask-wearing becomes a matter of politically-based individual choice.  In these three societies, there have thus been different axes as to why mask-wearing is accepted or contested.  This research is of too small a scale to fully explicate these factors; but it does show how anthropological analysis is essential in combining with the findings of other disciplines such as social psychology to arrive at a fuller understanding of contemporary social phenomena.
Bangunan Sehat sebagai Penunjang Health Tourism di Bali
Authors: Sekarlangit Nimas
Published: April 2023

Title: Healthy Buildings as Supporting Health Tourism in Bali

 

Bali is known as a tourist destination, and tourism in Bali has fallen due to COVID-19. The government plans to revive Bali tourism by establishing it as a health tourism destination. Support for health tourism is the healthy buildings that can minimise the transmission of COVID-19. In addition to health in tourist attractions, houses and areas where people live must also be healthy. The facilities in traditional Balinese villages have generally changed their function to become new buildings to accommodate the number of families and changes in activity patterns. These changes cause buildings to become unhealthy and impact the health of the village. Based on these problems, it is necessary to ask that healthy buildings in traditional Balinese villages can support health tourism. The research objective was to conduct an initial study of healthy buildings in traditional villages. The benefit of the research is preventing transmission of COVID-19 and other outbreaks that may occur in the Bali region. The research method is a literature study and observation. The study results are recommendations for repairing buildings in traditional villages to reduce the risk of transmission of the COVID-19 virus.
Generating the electro-weak scale by vector-like quark condensation
Authors: Klett Sophie , Lindner Manfred , Trautner Andreas
Published: April 2023

We show that vector-like quarks in the fundamental or higher-dimensional representations of QCD can generate the electro-weak scale in a phenomenologically viable way by chiral symmetry breaking condensates. The thereby generated scales are determined by numerically solving the Dyson-Schwinger equation and these scales are sizable, because they grow with the hard vector-like mass. Communicating such a scale to the Standard Model via a conformally invariant scalar sector can dynamically generate the electro-weak scale without a naturalness problem, because all non-dynamical mass scales are protected by chiral symmetry. We present a minimal setup which requires only a new neutral scalar with mass not too far above the electro-weak scale, as well as vector-like quarks at the (multi-)TeV scale. Both are consistent with current bounds and are attractive for future experimental searches at the LHC and future colliders. Depending on the hypercharge of the vector-like quarks, hadrons made of them are color-neutral bound states which would be interesting Dark Matter candidates.
Prognostic biomarkers of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in patients with interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Kuzubova N. A. , Titova O. N. , Skliarova D. B.
Published: April 2023

A high proportion of patients with various interstitial lung diseases (ILD) develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PLF) associated with a deterioration in the quality of life, a decrease in functional status and early mortality. PLF is diagnosed in patients with ILD of known or unknown etiology other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ILF), who have radiological signs of pulmonary fibrosis, and at least two of the three criteria for progression, including clinical, functional and radiological indicators that have arisen over the past year in the absence of alternative causes of deterioration. Subtypes of ILD that are at risk of developing a progressive fibrosing phenotype include ILD associated with connective tissue diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic scleroderma; sarcoidosis; hypersensitive pneumonitis, occupational lung diseases. In 2022, new criteria for the diagnosis of PLF appeared. The existing evidence of common pathogenesis mechanisms leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis suggests the presence of uniform biomarkers of disease activity for a wide range of diseases. Pulmonary fibrosis is initiated by microinjuries of the alveolar epithelium of various etiologies, in the future its progression includes similar pathophysiological mechanisms, which suggests the presence of uniform biomarkers of disease activity for a wide range of diseases. Biomarkers can help not only identify patients at risk of progression, but also allow monitoring the early response to treatment. Biomarker research to date has identified a number of molecular markers that predict the presence of the disease, prognosis and/or response to treatment. The creation of national and international registries allows for long-term monitoring of patients with PLF, to answer questions about the long-term effectiveness of treatment. To date, a number of molecular factors that claim to be predictors are being discussed, allowing to verify the diagnosis, determine the prognosis and response to therapy.
Analysis of treatment approaches and the efficiency of application of a decision support program in polyclinic practice during the covid-pandemic period
Authors: Bontsevich R. A. , Kotlyarova V. K. , Bukach O. A. , Gubarev A. V. , Dubonosova D. G. , Rostovceva I. G.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The issues of rational treatment of a new coronavirus infection (NCI), compliance of medical prescriptions with current clinical recommendations have been extremely relevant since the beginning of the pandemic. Of particular importance is the problem of overprescribing antimicrobials.

Aim. To analyze the prescriptions of medicines and evaluate the results of the implementation of the medical decision support system (MDSS) among general practitioners and general practitioners of the Belgorod outpatient department in the treatment of NCI

Materials and methods. Treatment regimens for outpatient patients with confirmed or probable COVID-19 infection were studied. The study was carried out in two stages: before and after the implementation of the MDSS: in the main group (MG, departments of the Belgorod polyclinic with the implemented MDSS), 95 episodes of treatment were analyzed before the implementation of the MDSS and 94 after. In the control group (CG, without the introduction of MDSS) – 48 episodes at the 1st and 2nd stages. The prescriptions of the main groups of drugs, their compliance with the recommendations were assessed, the impact of the introduction of MDSS on the applied therapy regimens was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using four-field and multi-field contingency tables using Pearson’s χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test.

Results. The 285 NCI therapy regimens were analyzed. In the course of the study, the structure of drug prescriptions was determined. It was found that against the background of the implementation of the MDSS, the specialists of the MG statistically significantly reduced the unreasonable prescription of antibacterial drugs (from 24.2 to 6.4%, p < 0.001; in the CG, p > 0.05; p(MG-CG) < 0.001), less frequently prescribed anticoagulants (p(MG-CG) > 0.05); significantly less often – systemic glucocorticosteroids (p(MG-CG) < 0.001), the group of mucolitic, bronchodilator and antitussive drugs (p(MG-CG) < 0.01), vitamins (p(MG-CG) < 0.001); significantly more often (p(MG-CG) < 0.05) – local antiseptics and the group of the other drugs . There were no significant differences (p(MG-CG) > 0.05) at the second stage of the study in the use of antiviral, immunomodulatory, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Conclusion. Insufficient adherence of medical specialists to recommendations for the treatment of NCI has been established, a number of irrational therapeutic preferences have been identified. We believe that the follow-up medical educational activities, improvement and rational use of MDSS will help improve the quality of management of patients with NCI.
The role of microRNA in the pathogenesis of bronchoobstructive diseases
Authors: Demko I. V. , Sobko E. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Katser A. B. , Shadrina K. I. , Kazmerchuk O. V. , Abramov Yu. I. , Geyl S. A. , Khramova Yu. A.
Published: April 2023

The review analyzes the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary diseases. The universality of the mechanisms underlying epigenetics causes a continuously growing interest in research in this field in various fields of medicine. Research in the field of epigenetics not only allows us to expand knowledge in the field of etiology and pathogenesis, but also helps to explain the heterogeneity of the disease. Currently, biomarkers used in determining the phenotype of bronchial asthma or COPD are not able to display the variety of pathological processes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease at the molecular level. It is noteworthy that microRNAs retain their stability in various body environments, are resistant to high temperatures, pH fluctuations, and freeze-thaw cycles, which greatly simplifies the process of detecting these molecules in biological fluids. The amount of detected microRNA is highly specific for a particular pathological process occurring intracellularly. Currently, biomarkers used in determining the phenotype of bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are not able to reflect the variety of pathological processes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease at the molecular level. For both diseases, the key links are known to be inflammation, airway remodeling, and an abnormal response of epithelial cells to external stimuli. Thus, there is a great potential for using microRNAs in clinical practice: as noninvasive biomarkers reflecting key points of pathogenesis, as a prognostic biomarker predicting response to therapy, and possibly in the future as new therapeutic targets.
Latent tuberculosis infection in risk groups of the adult population of the Saratov Region
Authors: Morozova T. I. , Doktorova N. P.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The priority of anti-tuberculosis work in the Saratov Region is the early detection of the disease and the prevention of new cases of pathology. The presence of medical and social risk factors for developing tuberculosis significantly increases the risk of developing local forms of tuberculosis, especially if patients have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

Aim. To assess the prevalence of LTBI in the adult population with an increased risk of developing tuberculosis in the adult population.

Materials and methods. The design of the study is a retrospective non-comparative. The data of patients from high-risk groups for the development of the disease for the period of 2015–2019, examined using a skin test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest, Generium JSC, Russia) in the Saratov Region, were analyzed.

Results. 153,120 people from medical outpatient risk groups and 3,099 people from social risk groups were examined. Among adults with medical risk factors for developing tuberculosis, the largest number of positive and doubtful results of Diaskintest were recorded in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology – 15.88%; among the group of those surveyed with social risk factors for developing tuberculosis – in persons released from penitentiary institutions (25.88%).

Conclusions. The decrease in incidence rates in the Saratov Region confirms the correctness of the chosen tactics regarding the use of the Diaskintest test to identify individuals with LTBI among the adult population and the implementation of measures to reduce the reservoir of tuberculosis infection. Given the effectiveness of the measures taken, it is advisable to work with risk groups for Diaskintest and further examination in a general medical network. To do this, it is necessary to make additions to the current Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2017 No. 124n “On approval of the procedure and terms for conducting preventive medical examinations of citizens in order to detect tuberculosis” regarding the use of recombinant tuberculosis allergen samples in the adult population.
Obesity – hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Nuralieva G. S. , Bodunkov M. V. , Bikbauv K. I. , Samoilov E. A. , Tsareva N. A. , Trushenko N. V. , Avdeev S. N.
Published: April 2023

Obesity is a rapidly growing social problem that affects more than 650 million people worldwide. It has been proven that obesity is associated with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. However, one of the most serious and least reported complications is obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, characterized by obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2), hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg), as well as respiratory disorders during sleep (AHI > 5h). The prevalence of OHS is estimated at 10–20% in obese patients. The basis of the pathogenesis of OHS is low compliance of the chest and lungs due to excessive weight load. An effective method of treatment is to change the life-style in order to reduce body weight, however, there are frequent cases of acute respiratory failure (ARF), for the correction of which respiratory support is necessary, in particular with the help of non-invasive ventilation (NVL). For this purpose, an artificial ventilation device is used with various modes of operation: continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS). At the same time, obstructive phenomena are not attributed to the main causes of OHS, which is why CPAP is not conceptually a method of treating OHS, however, it was found that more than 90% of patients with OHS have concomitant OSA. In such patients, most of the pathophysiological links can be safely corrected using CPAP therapy, since with this method the stability of the upper respiratory tract lumen is achieved. BiPAP and AVAPS regimens affect the pathogenetic mechanisms of OHS, which is why they demonstrate high effectiveness both in the short term (ARF) and in the long term (long-term treatment with respiratory support).
Effectiveness of lumacaftor/ivacaftor in 1-year therapy of cystic fibrosis in adult patients
Authors: Krasovskiy S. A. , Kagazezhev R. U. , Zonenko O. G. , Sergienko D. F. , Butyugina N. S. , Gushchin M. Y.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis is a severe systemic multiorgan exocrinopathy, the severity of the condition in 95% cases is caused by the depth of respiratory organ damage. Symptom management drugs that were developed over more than 50 years allowed to improve survival, but average life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains well below the general population average. Targeted therapy is the most promising treatment, which restores the chloride channel function. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor is the first targeted therapy drug authorized in Russia.

Aim. To evaluate the effect of lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy on the respiratory function, microbiological profile, nutritional and oxygen status, as well as the rescue antibiotic therapy coverage in adult patients with CF.

Materials and methods. 39 adult patients with CF received lumacaftor/ivacaftor for one year. The therapy effectiveness endpoints included the changes in indices of the pulmonary function tests: FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, sweat test results, nutritional and oxygen status, antibiotic therapy coverage. The tolerability of the drug was assessed. The median age of patients was 28.9 (11.3) years. 6 patients (15.4%) discontinued therapy due to different adverse reactions.

Results. The median increase in FVC was 2.9 (4.1)%, in FEV1 – 3.1 (4.1)%, sweat chloride decreased by 21 (27) mmol/l during 1–1.5-month lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy. After 12-month therapy, the median increase in FVC was 2.3 (3.6)%, in FEV1 – 2.4 (3.8)%, BMI increased by 0.6 (0.6) kg/m2 and the frequency of rescue antibiotic therapy decreased by half. The patients showed a significant increase in FVC and FEV1 indices and a decrease in sweat chloride after 1-month therapy and an increase in FEV1 indices, BMI vales as well as a reduced need for rescue antibiotic therapy after 12-month therapy.

Conclusion. The first experience with a long-term pathogenetic therapy with lumacaftor/ivacaftor in adult patients with CF in Russia demonstrated the expected positive effect on the respiratory function and changes in nutritional status, a reduced need for rescue antibiotic therapy, and low rates of adverse reactions.
Experience of using systemic glucocorticoids during reconvalescence of patients after a new coronavirus infection of moderate severity
Authors: Rudakov Yu. V. , Bogomolov A. A. , Salukhov V. V. , Kharitonov M. A. , Chugunov A. A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Part of the reconvalescents after new coronavirus infection (NCI), have residual respiratory structural and functional abnormalities.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose systemic glucocorticoids (SSG) in patients with respiratory symptoms and residual “fibrosis-like” changes in lung tissue after a moderately severe NCI with up to 50% lesion volume.

Materials and methods. Reconvalescents with moderate NKI who had respiratory symptoms and residual fibrosis-like changes in lung tissue at the time of discharge were randomly divided into two groups: those receiving systemic glucocorticoids (n = 15) and those not (n = 27). Complaint assessment, 6-minute walk test (6-MHT), spirometry, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRT) were performed at baseline, 2, and 9 months later. The primary endpoint of the study was complete disappearance of pathological changes in the lungs according to CTVR. Secondary endpoints of the study were: disappearance of respiratory complaints, increase in the distance traveled in 6-MCG test, regression of functional ventilatory disturbances according to spirometry data.

Results and discussion. In both groups by the 9th month of the study there was a significant positive dynamics: respiratory symptoms regressed, tolerance to physical activity improved, residual changes of lung tissue according to CTBPR decreased and in most cases completely disappeared. However, respiratory symptoms and residual changes in lung tissue remained in 9% of cases. Significant improvement of ventilatory lung function and exercise tolerance by the 9th month of follow-up was established in the systemic glucocorticoids group, with no adverse events detected.

Conclusions. In the acute phase of moderate NKI, both spontaneous resolution of respiratory symptoms and residual lung tissue changes and their effective and safe resolution due to the use of systemic glucocorticoids can be assumed.
Comunicação e inclusão digital no meio rural: Utilização de aplicativo do WhatsApp como meio de comunicação e de gestão de negócios
Authors: Godoy Cristiane Maria Tonetto , Neves Caroline Vieira , Oliveira Paulo Henrique de , Campos José Ricardo da Rocha
Published: April 2023

Com o fenômeno do avanço tecnológico nas áreas de Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) um novo e complexo caminho se abre para as interações sociais, acesso às informações e disseminação de ideias. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a relação dos agricultores familiares do município de Vitorino/PR com a inclusão de dispositivos digitais, em especial a utilização do aplicativo WhatsApp. Para tanto, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas com os agricultores familiares do município. Os resultados mostram que o aplicativo WhatsApp se expandiu para além da comunicação e tornou-se uma forma de gerenciamento da propriedade, uma forma rápida e flexível que possibilita manter contato com as empresas e responsáveis pela assistência técnica. Mesmo, entretanto, com a instalação de redes no meio rural, com uma boa qualidade de sinal e a inserção de aparelhos digitais, como computador e os smartphones (celulares), ainda existe uma exclusão digital de uma parcela dos agricultores que, por sua vez, é causada pelo conhecimento restrito sobre a funcionalidade destes dispositivos e plataformas.
Quebra de Contrato Social e Desconfiança nas Instituições Públicas: Desafios para o Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico no Brasil
Authors: Albareda Alexandra , Torres Ricardo Lobato
Published: April 2023

Apesar dos avanços sociais obtidos no Brasil ao longo dos anos 2000 como resultado de políticas públicas afirmativas, são crescentes a insatisfação e a desconfiança da população nas instituições públicas. Utilizando uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica não sistemática e documental, este artigo tem por objetivo prover uma interpretação para o aparente paradoxo apontado pela OCDE/CEPAL em relatório recente, partindo de uma tentativa de definir o “contrato social brasileiro” e de exemplos da contradição das ações do governo com as demandas dos cidadãos no período da Nova República, argumentando-se que as recorrentes quebras de contrato social são a principal razão da perda de confiança do cidadão nas instituições públicas e representa um dos principais desafios para a retomada do desenvolvimento socioeconômico no país.
Satisfação, suporte social e organizacional: um estudo no Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo
Authors: Benevenute José Marcos Nunes , Teixeira Aridelmo , Nossa Silvania Neris , Nossa Valcemiro
Published: April 2023

Este estudo analisou o impacto da percepção do suporte social e organizacional na satisfação no trabalho em uma instituição de ensino público, e, adicionalmente, verificou a relação do nível de satisfação dos servidores no relacionamento com os colegas, com o salário, com a chefia, com a natureza e com as promoções no trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo aplicado aos servidores de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Público. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa utilizou-se Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho, Escala da Percepção do Suporte Social no Trabalho e Escala da Percepção do Suporte Organizacional. Os resultados encontrados mostram que os suportes social e organizacional apresentam impactos positivos e significativos na satisfação no trabalho, no entanto são percebidos de forma moderada na instituição. Os fatores que mais contribuem para a insatisfação no trabalho foram o salário e as promoções. Os demais fatores encontram-se no nível de indiferença, o que indica que existe baixa satisfação no trabalho na instituição.
Efficiency in Brazilian Federal Universities: a study with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Authors: Araujo dos Santos João Paulo , Da Silva Júnior Luiz Honorato , Nunes André
Published: April 2023

This paper aimed to analyze the level of technical efficiency of Brazilian federal universities, from 2012 to 2018, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, with an output-oriented DEA BCC model. Four management indicators instituted by TCU were used as inputs and two quality indicators, as outputs. For that, a sample of 56 federal universities was used. Considering the standard efficiency scores, the results indicated high levels of technical efficiency during the years under analysis. The average technical efficiency of federal universities was 93.7% in 2012, with 17 efficient universities, and 94.5% in 2018, with 18 efficient universities. The years 2015 and 2016 stood out, with 28 and 27 efficient universities respectively, whose national averages were 96.1%. However, due to the benevolence of the BCC model with very small or very large units, some universities may have been considered efficient by default. From 2012 to 2018, the Malmquist Index indicated an increase in the productivity of universities by 2.2%, which occurred in a greater proportion due to the catch-up effect (1.8%) and in a lower proportion by the frontier shift effect (0.4%). In addition, the increase of 1.8% in relative efficiency occurred in a greater proportion due to the increase in pure technical efficiency (1.1%) and in a lower proportion due to the increase in scale efficiency (0.7%). Yet, despite the increase in productivity, there is still room to achieve better quality results and to improvements in the management of resources, in order to reduce waste.
Do planejamento à execução orçamentária: implicações dos contingenciamentos e decisões judiciais para o orçamento do IPHAN
Authors: Cancelier Andriete , Rizzatti Salomão Eduardo , Serpa Erthal Thiago
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta resultados da análise da estruturação do planejamento orçamentário do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) em relação aos objetivos preconizados no PPA 2016-2019. Tem por interesse avaliar se contingenciamentos e ações judiciais com parecer de execução obrigatória, resultando em Obrigação de Fazer, impactam, de alguma forma, o planejamento institucional para a área de preservação do patrimônio cultural. O referencial teórico-metodológico que balizou o estudo é a revisão bibliográfica qualitativa de autores e obras sobre orçamento público e direito orçamentário. Ainda foi realizada pesquisa exploratória sobre processos judiciais e coleta de dados quantitativos, de caráter orçamentário, captados de fontes de dados abertos do governo federal e tratados com base nas metodologias estatísticas e matemáticas, de análise vertical e horizontal. Concluiu-se que os contingenciamentos geram incertezas quanto à liberação dos recursos e afetam o desempenho da execução orçamentária, e, no que lhe concerne, a efetivação dos Planos de Ações. A análise das decisões judiciais demonstrou que, embora não tivessem impacto direto sobre o orçamento, pressionam a instituição a buscar outras fontes de recursos alternativas, redirecionando a dinâmica administrativa em busca de uma solução para a demanda judicial.
Artemisia jacutica Drob. essential oil as a source of chamazulene: primary introduction and component analysis
Authors: Dylenova Elena , Zhigzhitzhapova Svetlana , Goncharova Danaya , Tykheev Zhargal , Chimitov Daba , Radnaeva Larisa
Published: April 2023

Artemisia jacutica Drob. is a valuable source of chamazulene, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We experimentally introduced this plant in the climatic conditions of Buryatia and compared the compositions of the essential oils produced from both cultivated and wild plants.

The reserves of A. jacutica and the laboratory/field germination of seeds were assessed by standard methods. Macro- and microscopic features were determined in line with general pharmacopoeia monographs. The composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The resulting data were processed by the principal component method. The antiradical activity was measured by the DPPH test.

The reserves of A. jacutica were determined in the Yeravninsky district of Buryatia. The laboratory germination of A. jacutica seeds was 75.00 ± 5.35%, while the field germination was only 11–23%. Planting with seedlings showed a good survival rate of 67–80%. In the first year of cultivation, A. jacutica plants had similar macro- and microscopic features to those of wild plants. The soils from the experimental plots were superior to the soils of A. jacutica’s natural habitat in terms of fertility. The essential oils from cultivated and wild plants contained 51 components. The content of chamazulene, the dominant component, was 59.22–66.60% in the cultivated plants and only 15.98–47.77% in the wild plants. The essential oil of A. jacutica exhibited high antiradical activity (IC50 = 49.47 μL/mL).

The primary introduction of A. jacutica showed good prospects for its cultivation in Buryatia. The macro- and microscopic features and dominant components found in the essential oil of A. jacutica grown on the experimental plots were similar to those found in the wild plants. Two chemotypes of A. jacutica, Yakutian and Buryatian, were identified according to the oil composition, with the chemotypes preserved in the cultivated plants. The oil’s high antiradical activity and a high content of chamazulene make A. jacutica a valuable material for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries.
Strategizing and Conceptualizing the Regional Exit from Subsidized Economy
Authors: Midov Aslan
Published: April 2023

The economic development of a federal state depends on each of its subjects: uneven socioeconomic conditions increase the number of lagging regions, which prevents the economic development at the federal level. As a result, the theory of regional economic science needs new strategizing patterns to help some regional economies abandon their subsidized status. The research relied on the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing developed by Professor Vladimir Kvint, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, whose studies have been successfully implemented in a number of regional and sectoral strategies. According to the general methodology of strategizing, the analysis of global, sectoral, and regional trends precedes the search for new opportunities for the object of strategizing. The author used the case of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic to study the development strategies of subsidized regions, as well as designed some tools to assess the quality of life and financial independence in the region. The article provides theoretical foundation for strategizing the exit from subsidized economy and offers a cost-benefit analysis pattern.
Strategizing the Development of Tourism and Hospitality Industry in the Guryevsk Area of the Kemerovo Region
Authors: Yumatov Konstantin , Metelitsa Veronika , Cherdantsev Stanislav
Published: April 2023

Tourism has become an important economy sector in many Russian regions. The Kemerovo Region has accepted the Strategy of Socio-Economic Development through 2035, hence the need to strategize the development of new tourist destinations. The research objective was to determine various strategic directions for the development of tourism and hospitality industry in the Guryevsk municipal district. The research relied on the strategizing methods developed by Professor Vladimir Kvint, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as on some general scientific research methods, e.g., abstract-logical, complexfactorial, economic-statistical, analogy, comparative and system analysis, etc. The study revealed a possibility of interregional clusters, national and business routes, environmental, medical and recreational cross-border and regional tourism, etc. The district has good industrial potential, combined with historical and cultural heritage. These strategic directions are able to fuel the local tourism and hospitality development. The authors believe that tourism is a key priority for Russian economy, as well as for the Kemerovo Region, where domestic tourism started to flourish during the COVID-19 pandemic. The region has extensive potential and opportunities to attract tourists, while its Guryevsk municipal district possesses all necessary prerequisites for the active development of tourism.
Financial Technologies in Strategizing the National Innovation System
Authors: Khabekova Madina
Published: April 2023

Innovation systems depend on information technologies. The intense international competition encourages states to interact as they allocate resources, search for new markets, expand their economic presence, etc. The authors analyzed the strategic opportunities for the development of the national innovation system in the process of implementing financial innovations. The research relied on the theoretical and methodological provisions of the School of Strategizing developed by Professor Vladimir Kvint, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Cruzain Inhibitors: State-of-Art of Novel Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Bezerra Morais Pedro Alves , Goulart  Trossini Gustavo Henrique
Published: April 2023

Concerned about a million people are infected worldwide, and other millions are
living at risk zones of infection. Chagas disease causes 10 000 deaths annually, and the discovery
of safe and effective drugs on a nanomolar scale has been headlined as a crucial goal
by the worldwide research community and international health agencies. Nifurtimox and
Benznidazole are the only marketed drugs for Chagas disease therapy, with the mode of action
depending on the formation of free radicals. Thus, diverse studies have revealed cysteine proteases
from T. cruzi as well-established targets for drug discovery. Validation of cruzain as a
promising target has been based on several findings on the molecular biology of T. cruzi.
Hence, several inhibitor classes have been elucidated, consisting of peptidic and nonpeptidic,
and covalent and noncovalent. Thus, we present a perspective for the synthesis of novel cruzain
inhibitors from scaffolds both recently approached and well established with an IC50 range of micromolar to
nanomolar and supported by computational techniques.
QSAR Studies on a Series of Pyrazole Azabicyclo [3.2.1] Octane Sulfonamides
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing Acid Amidase Inhibitors
Authors: Ren Shengnan , Sun Liyang , Si Hongzong , Yu Zhuang , Wang Huan
Published: April 2023

Background:

Inflammation is a common and intractable disease for humans. Current antiinflammatory
drugs have a lot of side effects, which cause irreversible damage to the body.

Objective:

We predict the activity of the N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA)
inhibitor to find more effective compounds.

Methods:

We established a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model by gene expression
programming to predict the IC50 values of natural compounds. The NAAA inhibitor, as a
cysteine enzyme, plays an important role in the therapy of pain, anti-inflammatory effects and application
of other diseases. A total of 36 NAAA inhibitors were optimized by the heuristic method in
the CODESSA program to build a linear model. The 27 compounds and 9 compounds were in train
and test sets. On this basis, we selected three descriptors and used them to build nonlinear models in
gene expression programming.

Results:

The best model in the gene expression programming method was found, the square of correlation
coefficients of R2 and mean square error for the training set were 0.79 and 0.14, testing set was
0.78 and 0.20, respectively.

Conclusion:

From this method, the activity of molecules could be predicted, and the best method
was found. Therefore, this model has a stronger predictive ability to develop NAAA inhibitors.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in an Infant with
COVID-19: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Vaccalluzzo Marco Simone , Collotta Ausilia Desiree , Ruggieri Martino , Agati Salvatore
Published: April 2023

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 infection tends to be lethal to the elderly population. How-
ever, sometimes children are also involved.

Case Presentation:

We present the case of a female infant with a corrected gestational age of 39
weeks and 4 days with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and co-infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae
that was supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Results:

We reported the clinical case and reviewed the literature articles on ECMO and Covid-19
in infants and children up to two years of age

Conclusion:

It is crucial to be aware of certain risk factors (severe prematurity, coinfection), which,
when linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, must immediately alert us to the possible criticality of the
clinical condition of patients, as highlighted by our own clinical case
Role of Pineapple and its Bioactive Compound Bromelain in COVID 19
Authors: Kumar Virender , Garg Vandana , Dureja Harish
Published: April 2023

Background::

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., which is commonly known as pineapple, is a
well-studied plant for its medicinal properties. In terms of commercial importance, it ranks third
among tropical fruits. It has been used for its antidiabetic, antimalarial, anticancer, abortifacient,
antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal activities. The review aimed to study the effects of pineapples and
their bioactive compounds on the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Methods::

Research methods comprise significant studies on the treatment of COVID-19 utilizing
pineapple and its bioactive compounds. To carry out the e-literature review, articles were downloaded
from online search engines, including Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using pineapple,
bioactive compounds, bromelain, clinical trial, and COVID-19.

Results::

The literature showed that pineapple and its bioactive compounds showed antiviral effects
in COVID-19 patients by inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokines and affecting various signaling
molecules, including NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, and cyclooxygenase-2. They modulate
apoptotic protein levels and also cause a reduction of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 expression.

Conclusion::

For the development of phytomedicine that adheres to all safety regulations, pineapple,
and its bioactive compounds can serve as lead molecules for clinical studies in SARS-CoV-2
infection treatment and therapy.