bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategy to control indoor temperature for redevelopment of slum dwellings
Authors: Sakhare Vishakha V , Ralegaonkar Rahul V
Published: May 2017

The present paper focuses on developing a strategy to control the indoor temperature in slum dwellings under redevelopment. The proposed framework aims at improving the building planning and appropriate selection of construction materials along with controlled cost with respect to currently adopted practices. The proposed strategy is elaborated with a case study in Nagpur, India. A single storey, four-room model was planned as per the National Building Code of India. The performance of the model building was evaluated by using energy simulation software TRNSYS. The cellular light-weight bricks used in the construction were made with bio briquette ash (BBA), which is a locally available waste material. Instead of using the conventional reinforced cement concrete (RCC) roof, aluminium and sawdust were suggested as a reflecting-cum-insulating material. To improve the temperature control in model homes, installation of a reflecting-cum-insulating material was conducted, consisting of aluminium and sawdust, over the conventional RCC roof. The model building constructed with these new materials was compared with that built with conventional fly ash bricks and RCC roof. Results show that the proposed model building improved the efficiency of indoor temperature control by 23% and, at the same time, reduced the cost by 13%. The present concept will contribute to the redevelopment of slum dwellings to deliver cost-effective dwelling units that provide occupants with acceptable thermal comfort.
Institutional reform and FDI decision in transition economies
Authors: Alajaty Mahmoud
Published: May 2017

The article considers the impact of institutional reform on the decision of foreign enterprises and foreign entrepreneurs to directly invest in the transition economy of Syria. It responds to the calls for more open research design that can go beyond the borders of the quantitative findings of previous econometric research by adopting a qualitative research strategy. The results reveal that institutional reforms enhanced Syria’s attractiveness to foreign direct investment. Institutional barriers proved to be less daunting to foreign investors whose backgrounds were culturally similar to that of Syria and/or already had experience in Syria or in a similar type of economy. The impact of background similarity and previous experience in similar contexts appeared to be less important when the foreign investor was a multinational enterprise than for individual entrepreneur. Moreover, these factors also appeared to be less important for large enterprises compared to small enterprises.
Adolescent Vaccines: Latest Recommendations, Addressing Barriers, and Improving Vaccine Rates
Authors: Rose Kathleen C.
Published: May 2017

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that the Tdap, HPV, and meningitis vaccines be administered to youth beginning between the ages of 11 and 12. The school nurse, knowledgeable about vaccine schedules and the rationale for the schedules, is in a unique position to advocate for all adolescent vaccines and their timely administration through addressing parent-guardian concerns and supporting other healthcare providers in completing the adolescent vaccines. This article reviews current recommendations for adolescent vaccinations and the actions needed to improve vaccination rates with a focus on Human Papillomavirus vaccine, the vaccine with the lowest completion rates among this age group. Additionally, school nurses are introduced to Middle School Health Starts Here, a program for school nurses designed to address the whole child as students progress from 5th grade to middle school. Public policy issues including school mandates, along with possible barriers to vaccine completion in adolescents, are discussed.
Cost-Effectiveness of Atorvastatin for the Prevention of Coronary and Stroke Events: An Economic Analysis of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA)
Authors: Lindgren Peter , Buxton Martin , Kahan Thomas , Poulter Neil R. , Dahlöf Björn , Sever Peter S. , Wedel Hans , Jönsson Beng
Published: May 2017

Background

The aim of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of the lipid-lowering arm of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT-LLA) where patients from seven countries with hypertension and no history of coronary heart disease (CHD) were randomized to receive 10 mg atorvastatin or placebo.

Design

Economic analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Data on resource use were aggregated for all patients during the entire trial period (median 3.3 years) and multiplied with unit costs for Sweden and the UK. The total number of cardiovascular events and procedures avoided was used as the measure of effectiveness.

Results

Patients treated with atorvastatin had an additional net costs of 449 ϵ (4114 SEK) in Sweden and 414 ϵ (£260) in the UK, but fewer events per patient (0.097 compared to 0.132). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 12673 ϵ (116119 SEK) and 11693 ϵ (£7349) per event avoided.

Conclusion

Based on comparisons with the WOSCOPS and 4S studies, atorvastatin at 10 mg to treat patients as in the ASCOT study, appears to be a cost-effective strategy. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12:29-36 © 2005 The European Society of Cardiology
Inequity in Recording of Risk in a Local Population-Based Screening Programme for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bartys Serena , Baker Deborah , Lewis Philip , Middleton Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Background

Screening for cardiovascular disease is an important primary preventive measure, yet research has documented that not all population groups receive the same quality of preventive healthcare.

Design

Longitudinal analysis of cardiovascular disease risk factor recording.

Methods

Data were made available from a local population-based screening programme for cardiovascular disease (1989-1999), whereby residents aged 35-60 years were invited for screening every 5 years (n = 84 646). Data were recorded for major risk factors including blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Completeness of risk factor recording was compared between groups in the screened population defined by gender, ethnicity (Caucasian/South Asian) and employment status (employed/unemployed).

Results

Recording of risk in the screened population was significantly less complete for women and South Asian participants over the duration of the screening programme, compared with men and Caucasian participants respectively. Conversely, recording of risk was significantly more complete for the unemployed compared with the employed participants.

Conclusions

These findings present evidence of a less systematic screening procedure for women and South Asians, whilst it seems that men, Caucasian participants and the unemployed were appropriately screened. Inequalities at the primary preventive level will likely influence outcome, because equitable identification of risk is important for the provision of successful treatment measures, and to reduce inequalities in morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease.
Statin intolerance in heterozygous familial hypercolesterolemia with cardiovascular disease: After PCSK-9 antibodies what else?
Authors: Sbrana Francesco , Dal Pino Beatrice , Bigazzi Federico , Ripoli Andrea , Passino Claudio , Gabutti Alessandra , Pasanisi Emilio M , Petersen Christina , Valleggi Alessandro , Todiere Giancarlo , Barison Andrea , Giannoni Alberto , Panchetti Luca , Becherini Francesco , Pianelli Mascia , Luciani Roberta , Sampietro Tiziana
Published: May 2017

Background

Familial hypercholesterolemia is the elective clinical condition that deserves the maximal personalisation in lipid-lowering therapy, especially in the presence of statin intolerance. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors represent a promising approach to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

Methods

We enrolled 18 patients (mean age 62 ± 8 years, 72% men) affected by heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease, with a history of statin intolerance assigned to PCSK9 inhibitors. Six patients were also on LDL apheresis. Associated Lp(a)-hyperlipoproteinemia (defined as >60 mg/dl) was observed in two out of 18 subjects. PCSK9 inhibitor injectable monoclonal antibodies were administered, every 2 weeks, on top of patient therapy for 12 ± 4 weeks (evolocumab in 15 subjects, alirocumab in three subjects).

Results

After 3 months (12 ± 4 weeks) of therapy, a decrease in total cholesterol (–35%), LDL cholesterol (–51%) and Lp(a) levels (–20%) was observed. Five out of 18 patients reached LDL cholesterol levels of <70 mg/dl, seven showed LDL cholesterol values between 71 and 100 mg/dl, and six out of 18 still had LDL cholesterol levels above 100 mg/dl. Among the six patients with LDL cholesterol levels >100 mg/dl, three were already on LDL apheresis before the PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, while three were referred to LDL apheresis treatment. Adverse events were reported in two out of 18 patients on evolocumab: one presented with flu-like syndrome and the other reported episodes of mild difficulty in maintaining concentration.

Conclusions

PCSK9 inhibitors represent a novel therapeutic tool for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia who are intolerant to statins. However, more data are needed before cleaning up the old therapeutic armamentarium, such as LDL apheresis, which is likely to preserve its valuable role also in the new lipid-lowering era.
The reversible adjustable coupling: A lightweight and low-cost alignment component for the lower limb prosthesis
Authors: Sasaki Kazuhiko , Pinitlertsakun Jutamat , Nualnim Pakwan , Guerra Gary , Sansook Yuttapichai , Kaewdoung Supachai , Chotirossukon Suttinun , Lanlongsa Parichat , Tangpornprasert Pairat , Virulsri Chanyaphan , Nattavut Wit , Buttonkum Danupong
Published: May 2017

Background

The alignment of the lower limb prosthesis is an integral part of the prosthetic fitting. A properly aligned prosthesis contributes to optimal gait and overall function of the patient. The current offering of alignment componentry is expensive for low-income countries. The purpose of this study was to develop a lightweight and low-cost alignment coupler for the lower limb prosthesis.

Methods

An alignment coupler called the reversible adjustable coupling was designed and manufactured. Measurements of total anterior/posterior and medial/lateral and rotation in prostheses were recorded and mechanical testing performed. Swiftness and difficulty of use was also recorded.

Results

The reversible adjustable coupling permitted acceptable ranges of anterior/posterior and medial/lateral translation and 30° of internal and external rotation of prosthetic componentry. Repetitive loading of the coupling at a speed of 1 Hz under 1.28 kN load for 2000 cycles was successful, as were static and strength tests.

Discussion

The coupler provided acceptable ranges of anterior/posterior and medial/lateral and rotation adjustment and is acceptable for potential use in the alignment of both exoskeletal and endoskeletal prosthesis. The final weight of the component was 166 g and cost of $55.00 USD is affordable for low-income countries for use in clinical and educational settings.
Concussion in pediatric surgical patients scheduled for time-sensitive surgical procedures
Authors: Ferrari Lynne R , O’Brien Michael J , Taylor Alex M , Matheney Travis H , Zurakowski David , Slogic Katherine , Anderson Michelle , Soriano Sulpicio , Rockoff Mark , Tasker Robert C
Published: May 2017

Background

Each year in the United States approximately three million individuals sustain sport or recreation-related concussion which may occur in the setting of orthopedic trauma requiring surgical intervention under general anesthesia. The effects of surgery and general anesthesia on brain recovery are currently unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of recent sport concussion, recognized or not, in a preoperative, pediatric, surgical population.

Methods

The study involved administering a questionnaire to all eligible, consented patients in one of the following settings: Preoperative Clinic, Day Surgery Unit, Trauma Clinic, or inpatient floor. The questionnaire was designed to determine the occurrence and symptoms of a concussion. This study was conducted at an urban 395-bed comprehensive center for pediatric health, between May 2014 and April 2015. Inclusion criteria for study were age 5–21 years, presentation for surgical repair of orthopedic traumatic injury or nasal fracture, and precipitating injurious event occurring within four weeks of surgery.

Results

The prevalence of concussion in the setting of orthopedic trauma, either known or unknown at the time of presentation for surgery was 6%. The interval between surgery and injury was between three and 13 days. Prior education for recognition of concussion was present in 66% of patients.

Conclusions

The impact of surgery with general anesthesia in pediatric patients with a recent concussion is unknown. No changes in post-op disposition were noted in this patient population. However, our findings support the need to measure neurocognitive function before and after administration of operative procedures in a larger population with a recent concussion compared with controls.
In-Patient Mortality among PLHIV: A 7-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study in Coastal South India
Authors: Farhan Omer , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan , Holla Ramesh , Ramapuram John T. , Rao Satish , Madi Deepak R.
Published: May 2017

Background:

With the wide usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the morbidity and mortality due to HIV have declined gradually. The aim of our study was to determine the cause of mortality among HIV-infected patients and the factors causing early death.

Methods:

Using medical records of 73 inpatients who are dead, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 19 (IBM SPSS Statistics). Chi-square test was performed to determine the factors contributing to early death. A P value <.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Among 73 deaths, 50 (68.5%) were AIDS related and 23 (31.5%) were non-AIDS related. The most common opportunistic infection causing death was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Early deaths were strongly attributed to low CD4 counts at admission (<100 cells), antiretroviral therapy-naive status, late presentation, and fewer admissions ( P value <.05).

Conclusion:

Although AIDS-defining illness remains the main cause of death in HIV, there is significant number of deaths due to non–HIV-related causes.
Chromatin dynamics during the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells to multipotent progenitors
Authors: Yu Xiang , Wu Chao , Bhavanasi Dheeraj , Wang Hong , Gregory Brian D. , Huang Jian
Published: May 2017

Key Points

ATAC-seq provides genome-wide chromatin state in 3 cell types of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Transcription factor cohorts are associated with dynamic changes of open chromatin during the differentiation of LT/ST-HSCs to MPPs.
Users’ design feedback in usability evaluation: a literature review
Authors: Følstad Asbjørn
Published: May 2017

As part of usability evaluation, users may be invited to offer their reflections on the system being evaluated. Such reflections may concern the system’s suitability for its context of use, usability problem predictions, and design suggestions. We term the data resulting from such reflections users’ design feedback. Gathering users’ design feedback as part of usability evaluation may be seen as controversial, and the current knowledge on users’ design feedback is fragmented. To mitigate this, we have conducted a literature review. The review provides an overview of the benefits and limitations of users’ design feedback in usability evaluations. Following an extensive search process, 31 research papers were identified as relevant and analysed. Users’ design feedback is gathered for a number of distinct purposes: to support budget approaches to usability testing, to expand on interaction data from usability testing, to provide insight into usability problems in users’ everyday context, and to benefit from users’ knowledge and creativity. Evaluation findings based on users’ design feedback can be qualitatively different from, and hence complement, findings based on other types of evaluation data. Furthermore, findings based on users’ design feedback can hold acceptable validity, though the thoroughness of such findings may be questioned. Finally, findings from users’ design feedback may have substantial impact in the downstream development process. Four practical implications are highlighted, and three directions for future research are suggested.
Ovarian morphology is associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross sectional study
Authors: Reid Sara Pittenger , Kao Chia-Ning , Pasch Lauri , Shinkai Kanade , Cedars Marcelle I. , Huddleston Heather G.
Published: May 2017

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common disorder well known to be associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Insulin resistance is likely involved in the promotion of the PCOS reproductive phenotype and may mediate some of the ovarian morphology seen in the disorder. The phenotype of each individual woman with PCOS can vary widely as can her metabolic risk.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of patients seen in a multidisciplinary PCOS clinic at the University of California at San Francisco between 2006 and 2014.

All participants underwent systematic evaluation with anthropometric measurements, comprehensive skin exam, transvaginal ultrasound and laboratory studies at the time of their initial visit to the clinic. Serum samples were stored and androgen studies were carried out on all stored samples at the University of Virginia. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between ovarian volume or follicle number and metabolic parameters (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, 2 h glucose, waist circumference) and hyperandrogenism (free testosterone, total testosterone, DHEAS, acanthosis nigricans), controlling for age.

Results

Three-hundred thirteen patients seen during the study period met Rotterdam criteria for PCOS and had sufficient measurements for inclusion in our analysis. The odds ratio of elevated HOMA-IR for patients with a maximum ovarian volume >10 cc was 1.9 compared to those with a maximum ovarian volume of ≤10 cc (95% CI 1.0–3.4). The odds ratio of abnormal fasting insulin for patients with higher ovarian volume was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0–3.4) compared with those with lower ovarian volume. Follicle number was not significantly associated with any metabolic parameters.

Conclusions

Increased ovarian volume is associated with markers of insulin resistance in PCOS. In concordance with prior studies, we did not find follicle number to be predictive of metabolic risk. Ovarian volume may serve as a useful tool to aid clinicians in their risk stratification and counseling of patients with PCOS.
Opioids in Cancer Pain: Right or Privilege?
Authors: Jackson Leanne K. , Imam Syed N. , Braun Ursula K.
Published: May 2017

Opioid analgesia is a mainstay of the treatment of cancer pain. Treatment of pain in patients with cancer with an ongoing substance abuse disorder can be difficult. We report the ethical challenges of treating a patient with cancer with a concomitant substance abuse disorder in an outpatient palliative care setting. We present an analysis of ethical considerations for the palliative care physician and strategies to aid in the successful treatment of such patients. We argue that there are select patients with cancer for whom exclusion from treatment with opioid therapy is warranted if their health is endangered by prescription of these medications.
Comparison of dose distribution for head and neck cancer patients with and without dose painting escalation during radiotherapy realized with tomotherapy unit
Authors: Skorska Malgorzata , Piotrowski Tomasz , Ryczkowski Adam
Published: May 2017

Objective:

To determine and quantify the percentage dose increase to organs at risk (OARs) with multiple-level dose painting (DP) for patients with head and neck cancer in comparison with standard regimen.

Methods:

12 patients who had undergone fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan were retrospectively enrolled. Two treatment plans—one using DP escalation and one without—were optimized for each patient base on PET/CT data. The following variables were assessed: dose to OARs and target volumes; execution time; equivalent uniform dose; and normal tissue complication probability.

Results:

No statistically significant differences in beam-on time were observed between plans with and without DP. However, significantly higher doses were observed for all DP-escalated plans in the OARs, with only two exceptions: the brain stem and V  60Gy for the mandible. Multiple-level DP resulted in dose increases ranging from 3.0% to 12.9%, depending on the OAR. The largest increase was seen for the parotid glands and the smallest for the mandible. Significant differences in the equivalent uniform dose were observed only for the parotid glands and spinal column, where the dose without DP was lower. The normal tissue complication probability for most OARs was very small.

Conclusion:

Importantly, even though DP escalation resulted in higher doses to OARs vs conventional treatment planning, these usually did not exceed the dose tolerance levels. However, clinical trials are necessary to confirm the benefits of DP and to guarantee no additional toxicity.

Advances in knowledge:

Multiple-level DP by numbers resulted in 3.0–12.9% dose increase, depending on the OAR. Our findings may suggest that DP escalation to very high doses is feasible for about 83% of patients without higher toxicity; however, it still should be confirmed on a larger group of patients.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ НАГРУЗКИ И БИОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ НА АКТИВАЦИЮ КОРЫ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА И ВЕГЕТАТИВНУЮ РЕГУЛЯЦИЮ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА СТУДЕНТОК
Authors: Lisova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna , Shilov Sergey Nikolaevich , Muller Tatyana Andreevna
Published: May 2017

Цель. Изучить особенности активационных процессов и вегетативного статуса девушек-студенток в ситуации психоэмоционального напряжения и после курсового применения игрового биоуправления.Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовали 22 студентки в возрасте от 18 до 21 года. Регистрация физиологических параметров проводилась с информированного согласия испытуемых. Использовались методы: омега-метрии, вариационной кардиоинтервалографии, игрового биоуправления по частоте сердечных сокращений.Результаты. В ситуации психоэмоционального напряжения у 50% студенток обнаружен неоптимальный уровень активации лобной коры, выражающиеся в чрезмерной экспрессии, либо в снижении суммарных показателей постоянного потенциала. Со стороны вегетативной системы наблюдалось усиление симпатических влияний на сердечную деятельность по сравнению с фоновыми значениями, в структуре сердечного ритма выявлено преобладание центрального контура регуляции. Отмечено выраженное напряжение регуляторных механизмов у 82% испытуемых. После прохождения курса из 10 сеансов биоуправления у всех студенток наблюдалась нормализация показателей активационных влияний на кору головного мозга и вегетативной регуляции сердечного ритма.Заключение. Таким образом, индивидуальные особенности активации и нейровегетативной регуляции сердечного ритма являются важными индикаторами функциональных возможностей и успешности адаптации организма студенток в ситуации психоэмоционального напряжения.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ДИАМЕТРА ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ В КРОВИ СПОРТСМЕНОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ НАГРУЗКИ
Authors: Rubtsova Lidiya Yurevna , Potolitsyna Natalya Nikolaevna , Mongalev Nikolay Petrovich
Published: May 2017

Цель. Изучить характер распределения эритроцитов по диаметру в циркулирующей крови лыжников-гонщиков в период достижения порога анаэробного обмена (ПАНО).Материалы и методы. Обследованы лыжники-гонщики (юноши и мужчины, девушки и женщины) в условиях физической нагрузки на велоэргометре в возрасте 17–37 лет (n=33) с квалификацией КМС и МС. Исследование проведено согласно протоколу, утвержденному локальным комитетом по биоэтике при Институте физиологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук. Пробы крови брали из локтевой вены натощак, затем из капилляров пальца до, – на пороге анаэробного обмена, после выполнения нагрузки «до отказа» и через 5 мин восстановления.На окрашенных мазках крови измеряли диаметр 50 эритроцитов (Лабораторные …, 1987). Результаты обрабатывали статистически с использованием пакета прикладных программ Windows (Basic, 2011).Результаты. На этапе ПАНО у 36% спортсменов определили увеличение среднего диаметра эритроцитов с 7,46±0,06 до 7,68±0,08 мкм (р<0,05), без изменений у 12% (7,45±0,04 – 7,43±0,05 мкм) и уменьшение размера клеток у 52% с 7,51±0,04 до 7,35±0,05 мкм (р<0,05). В условиях максимальной нагрузки (337,1±12,4 Вт у мужчин и 246,7±10,8 Вт у женщин) и на 5-й мин восстановления диаметр эритроцитов в крови спортсменов возвращался к исходному значению.Заключение. Таким образом, индивидуальный характер изменения среднего диаметра эритроцитов у спортсменов проявляется во время достижения ПАНО и, вероятно, соответствует избирательной элиминации преимущественно макро- или микроцитов.
БЕЛКОВО-ЛИПИДНЫЙ СОСТАВ МЕМБРАНЫ И МЕТАБОЛИЗМ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ ЭНДОМЕТРИТЕ
Authors: Sunyakina Olga Anatolyevna , Konoplya Nikolay Alexandrovich , Sergeeva Svetlana Leonidovna , Barsuk Anna Alexandrovna
Published: May 2017

Цель. Установить изменения белково-липидного спектра мембраны эритроцитов при ХЭ до и после традиционного комплексного лечения.Материалы и методы. У 38 пациенток репродуктивного возраста с верифицированным диагнозом хронический эндометрит в стадии неполной ремиссии, получавших комплексное традиционное лечение, включающее оперативное вмешательство по поводу бесплодия, изучены параметры структурно-функциональных свойств эритроцитов до и после лечения.Результаты. До начала лечения установлены значительные изменения в содержании белков, ответственных за структурообразование и стабилизацию мембраны эритроцитов (α- и β-спектрин, дематин, анкирин, белок полосы 4.1, паллидин), формообразование и гибкость мембраны (актин, тропомиозин), внутриклеточный метаболизм (анионтранспортный белок, глицеральальдегид-3-фосфатдегидрогеназа, глутатион-S-трансфераза). Выявлены нарушения в содержании и соотношении липидного спектра, в первую очередь, снижение содержания мембранных глицерофосфолипидов и сфингомиелинов, составляющих основу двойного липидного каркаса клеточной мембраны и играющих основную роль в упорядочивании белковых макромолекул и нормальном метаболизме эритроцитов. Определено внутриэритроцитарное повышение процессов перекисного окисления липидов и содержания стабильных метаболитов оксида азота, снижение активности ферментов антиоксидантной защиты. После проведенного лечения нормализовалось 9% измененных до лечения параметров, корригировано, но не значений нормы, 55,6%, без изменений осталось 33,4% показателей.
ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АНКЕТИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ СОПУТСТВУЮЩЕЙ СОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ В ПРАКТИКЕ ВРАЧА СТОМАТОЛОГА ПУНКТА НЕОТЛОЖНОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ
Authors: Alekseev Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Afonin Mihail Viktorovich , Shabusov Yevgeniy Viktorovich , Chuchunov Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2017

Анкетирование как метод сбора анамнеза жизни у пациентов широко применяется в стоматологии. Основной задачей таких опросников является планирование стоматологического лечения с учетом выявленных факторов риска.Цель исследования: оптимизация приема больных с наличием сопутствующих соматических заболеваний в пункте неотложной стоматологической помощи на основании анализа анкет.Материалы и методы: проанализировано 1724 анкеты, заполненных пациентами в 2016 г. Статистическая обработка Statistica 7.0 (StatSoft, USA).Результаты: было установлено, что наиболее распространенными соматическими сопутствующими патологиями пациентов обратившихся в пункт неотложной стоматологической помощи являются заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы, которые были выявлены у 537 пациентов (31%). На втором месте в структуре патологий выявленных при анализе анкет пациентов, оказались заболевания опорно-двигательной системы 167 пациентов (9,7%).На третьем месте в структуре патологий – пациенты с заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта – 166 пациентов (9,6%) и с наличием аллергии – 166 (9,6%) человек.Выводы:1. количество пациентов имеющих сопутствующую патологию со стороны других органов и систем, обратившихся в пункт неотложной стоматологической помощи Красноярска составляет 50% (861 человек). При этом наиболее распространены заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы, которые были выявлены у 537 пациентов (31%).2. Установлено, что анкетирование очень удобно врачу, потому что позволяет получить максимум информации за минимальное время.3. Анкетирование так же удобно и пациенту.4. Анализ анкет пациентов позволяет руководству повышать качество оказания медицинской помощи, определять приоритетные направления для повышения квалификации врачей стоматологов в смежных клинических дисциплинах.
ТИП ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТА КАК ФАКТОР, ВЛИЯЮЩИЙ НА АДАПТИВНЫЕ РЕЗЕРВЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Bedereva Natalya Sergeevna
Published: May 2017

Целью работы являлось исследование взаимосвязи интенсивности энергетического метаболизма и уровня активации коры головного мозга младших школьников с типом темперамента и возможное их влияние на резервные энергетические возможности головного мозга детей 8–10 лет.Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимало участие 118 детей 8–10 лет г. Красноярска (средний возраст 8,9±0,7 лет). Регистрация постоянного потенциала осуществлялась монополярно в пяти основных отведениях. В ходе исследования проводилась 3-х минутная проба с гипервентиляцией, фиксировались значения фонового состояния и на 5-й минуте восстановительного периода. Регистрация омега-потенциала осуществлялась в лобных отведениях.Результаты. Определено, что дети с разным типом темперамента имеют достоверные отличия интенсивности энергетического метаболизма, активации коры и резервных энергетических возможностей головного мозга. Так, дети с типом темперамента «адекватные» имели оптимальный уровень активации, средние значения уровня устойчивого постоянного потенциала (УПП) и достаточно хорошо развитые резервные энергетические возможности головного мозга. У детей с типом темперамента «интенсивные» определялись высокий уровень активации и нейроэнергометаболизма, но при этом они имели низкие резервы энергетического метаболизма мозга. «Спокойные», напротив, при низкой интенсивности нейроэнергометаболизма фонового состояния имели высокие резервные возможности энергетического обеспечения головного мозга.Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что тип темперамента взаимосвязан с системой регуляции активности коры головного мозга и может обусловливать индивидуальные адаптивные резервы организма ребенка.
The Spillover Effects of Health IT Investments on Regional Healthcare Costs
Authors: Atasoy Hilal , Chen Pei-yu , Ganju Kartik
Published: May 2017

Electronic health records (EHR) are often presumed to reduce the significant and accelerating healthcare costs in the United States. However, evidence on the relationship between EHR adoption and costs is mixed, leading to skepticism about the effectiveness of EHR in decreasing costs. We argue that simply looking at the hospital-level effects can be misleading because the benefits of EHR can go beyond the adopting hospital by creating regional spillovers via information and patient sharing. When patients move between hospitals, timely and high-quality records received at one hospital can affect the costs of care at another hospital. We provide evidence that although EHR adoption increases the costs of the adopting hospital, it has significant spillover effects by reducing the costs of neighboring hospitals. We further show that these spillovers are linked to information and patient sharing. Specifically, the spillovers are stronger when more hospitals in the region are in health information exchange networks and in the same integrated delivery systems, which can share information more easily. Furthermore, utilizing regional characteristics that can affect the extent of patient sharing such as urban versus rural areas, population density, average distance between hospitals, and hospital density, we find that locations with higher patient and hospital concentration experience stronger regional spillovers. Additionally, spillovers are stronger after the HITECH (Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health) Act that increased EHR adoption and use. Overall, our findings suggest that we need to take into account externalities to understand the benefits of health IT investments and form policy decisions.

This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Playing our Part: The work of graduate and registered nurses
Authors: McDougall Tim
Published: May 2017

Tim McDougall looks at the key messages of the Playing our Part review
The use of long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication
Authors: Mutsatsa Stanley
Published: May 2017

Evidence supports the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in the treatment and prevention psychosis, but these formulations remain under-used in the UK. Overall, LAIs offer many advantages and the advent of second-generation LAIs increased interest in injectables as these newer drugs offer similar benefits to their oral equivalents. LAIs should be one of the options discussed with patients requiring long-term treatment.
Clinical mycobacterial diseases of companion animals: part I
Authors: O'Halloran Conor , Dobromylskyj Melanie
Published: May 2017

Mycobacterial diseases are being more frequently diagnosed in companion animals in first opinion practice in the UK. These infections can be challenging both to diagnose and manage; this and a following article aim to give an overview of the relevant background and epidemiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis for companion animal mycobacteriosis (CAM). This first article discusses the different mycobacterial species involved with CAM, the epidemiology and the various clinical presentations which may result from infection.
Principles of triage and first aid in wildlife casualties
Authors: Mullineaux Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Wildlife casualties are frequently presented to veterinary surgeons who have legal and ethical responsibilities for their care. Quickly deciding which cases are suitable for treatment, rehabilitation and release, and which should instead be humanely euthanased, is essential to ensure animal welfare. A clear triage process, including full clinical examination and with consideration of all the factors influencing the likelihood of a successful eventual release of the casualty, is required. Appropriate first aid, including fluid therapy, analgesia and appropriate short-term care in captivity is also key to a successful outcome.
Technical and creative subjects suffering in majority of schools
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: May 2017

Accountability pressures of EBacc have had negative impact on vocational, technical and creative education, school leaders admit
Ideas for reducing screen-time
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: May 2017

Following her focus last time on the concerns about the impact of high amounts of screen-time on young people, Karen Sullivan looks at some solutions
A workload audit: Thirty key questions for your school
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: May 2017

We all know that teachers work well beyond their designated hours, but just how can schools help to adjust the work/life balance for their staff? Drawing on the government's Workload Survey and expert working groups, Suzanne O'Connell poses 30 self-evaluation questions for senior leaders
Tips and tricks for organising a live laparoscopic operating training day
Authors: Bamford Richard , Mahon David , Noble Hamish , Welbourn Richard
Published: May 2017

How to avoid common concerns and get the best out of a live surgical broadcast.
Patient safety in Northern Ireland
Authors: Irwin T , McCain S , Johnston R
Published: May 2017

How have the Francis report and Berwick review affected surgeons’ attitudes?
How to build a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Masters James , Costa Matt
Published: May 2017

And how to decide when and where it is appropriate.
Cross-examination
Authors: Wheeler Robert
Published: May 2017

Changing direction in severe anorexia
Insecticidal Activity of the Soil in the Rhizosphere of Viburnum odoratissimum against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Zhang Yue , Fu Jiantao , Huang Conglin , Cheng Dongmei , Huang Rilin , Zhang Zhi-Xiang
Published: May 2017

Methyl salicylate produced by Viburnum odoratissimum is known to exert lethal or sublethal effects on insects. Replacing conventional pesticides with insecticidal plants is necessary for environmental protection. We evaluated the behavioral and toxicological responses of the red imported fire ant (RIFA Solenopsis invicta)( Hymenopter: Buren Formicidae) at different soil depths in the rhizosphere of V. odoratissimum. Results of insecticidal activity bioassays indicated that the mortality for minor and major ants in soil at depths of 0-10 cm at days 11 and 12 both ranged from 68.75% to 100.00%, with repellent rates of 83.54%–100.00% and 85.31%–100.00%, respectively. In behavioral ability tests, 85.45%–100.00% of minor ants and 86.74%–94.85% of major ants lost their ability to grasp after nine days, with crawl rates at only 0.00%–29.25% and 0.00%–55.77%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude from the result that the soil under V. odoratissimum at depths of 0-10 cm exhibited excellent insecticidal effect in controlling RIFA.Methyl salicylate produced by Viburnum odoratissimum is known to exert lethal or sublethal effects on insects. Replacing conventional pesticides with insecticidal plants is necessary for environmental protection. We evaluated the behavioral and toxicological responses of the red imported fire ant (RIFA Solenopsis invicta, Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at different soil depths in the rhizosphere of V. odoratissimum. Results of insecticidal activity bioassays indicated that the mortality for minor and major ants in soil at depths of 0-10 cm at days 11 and 12 both ranged from 68.75% to 100.00%, with repellency rates of 83.54%-100.00% and 85.31%-100.00%, respectively. In behavioral ability tests, 85.45%-100.00% of minor ants and 86.74%-94.85% of major ants lost their ability to grasp after nine days, with crawling rates at only 0.00%-29.25% and 0.00%-55.77%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude from the result that the soil under V. odoratissimum at depths of 0-10 cm exhibited excellent insecticidal effect in controlling RIFA.
Nesting Substrate Characteristics of Partamona seridoensis Pedro & Camargo (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Areas of Dry Forest in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Carlo Rivero Moura , Almeida Alerson Brito , Del Lama Marco Antonio , Martins Celso F
Published: May 2017

For the first time the association between Partamona seridoensis and Constrictotermes cyphergaster is described. Partamona seridoensis occurs in xeric areas of Northeastern Brazil, and it is a termitophile species as its nests are built in active and inactive arboreal termite nests of the species C. cyphergaster. This study aimed to verify the characteristics of the nesting substrate used by P. seridoensis in two areas of dry forest (caatinga) in Cariri region, Paraíba state. It has been found that the vertical distribution of termites that contained colonies of P. seridoensis varied from 10 cm to 3.60 m, while the height of the nest entrance varied from 20 cm to 3.70 m. Commiphora leptophloeos, popularly known as imburana, was the support tree of 22 (43.1%) from 51 observed termite nests that harbored bee colonies. Most (44; 86.2%) of the host termites colonies were active. Most of the colonies showed the nest entrances not directed to the east/southeast. All colonies located were housed in large termite nests, whose volumes exceed 30 liters. In the two areas surveyed, frequently the entrances of the nests were directed to other nearby colonies, suggesting a parental relationship that should be further investigated.
Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Health in Stationary and Migratory Apiaries
Authors: Cestaro Lubiane Guimarães , Alves Maria Luisa Teles Marques Florêncio , Message Dejair , Silva Marcos Vinícius Gualberdo Barbosa , Teixeira Érica Weinstein
Published: May 2017

The practice of migratory beekeeping is based on moving honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies between different locations to intensify agricultural production through improved pollination services. However, due to stress caused by exposure of bee hives to different environments, migratory beekeeping activities can lead colonies to greater susceptibility of these insects to pathogens and pests, thus leading to population decline and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health profile of apiaries that adopt two types of management (stationary and migratory), located in the central-eastern region of São Paulo state, Brazil, during two sampling periods, one in spring (October 2010), and one in autumn (May 2011). We collected 474 samples of honeycomb from the brood area, combs containing capped brood, adult bees that covered the brood area, and foraging bees, to evaluate the presence and prevalence of Paenibacillus larvae, Varroa destructor, Nosema apis and N. ceranae. Seasonality was identified as a determining factor in the health condition of Africanized A. mellifera colonies, causing a stronger effect on health than the type of management employed (stationary vs migratory beekeeping). The infection rates of N. ceranae were higher during the autumn in relation to the spring (387 ± 554 spores per bee in the spring and 1,167 ± 1,202 spores per bee in the autumn in stationary apiaries and 361 ± 687 spores per bee in the spring and 1,082 ± 1,277 spores per bee in the autumn in migratory apiaries). The same pattern was found for infestation rates of V. destructor (2.83 ± 1.97 in the spring and 9.48 ± 6.15 in the autumn in stationary apiaries and 3.25 ± 2.32 in the spring and 6.34 ± 6.58 in the autumn in migratory apiaries). These results demonstrate that the seasonality affects the health of A. mellifera colonies, but it does not depend on the type of management adopted (stationary or migratory).
Kick Out The Ants: A Novel and Striking Behavior in Ant-Wasp Interactions
Authors: Ricioli Leonardo Samuel , Mendes Gabriela C. , Ferreira Rhainer Guillermo
Published: May 2017

Trophobiosis between ants and homopterans is widely known. Nevertheless, this interaction can also happen between treehoppers and other animals in a non-mutualistic way. For instance, here we observed the wasp Pseudopolybia vespiceps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) collecting honeydew flickered by Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) as an alternative food resource. Fieldwork was conducted during three consecutive days, when we made ad libitum behavioral observations using video footage. We noted the behavior of P. vespiceps when collecting honeydew from A. reticulatum. Strikingly, our observations resulted in the description of novel wasp behavior. The wasps compete with ants for access to treehoppers by kicking them out of the plant. Studies like this contribute to the understanding of trophic nets that depend on hemipteran honeydew.
First Data on the Host Ant Usage of Large Blue from the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Tartally András , Tóth János Pál , Váradi Alex , Bereczki Judit
Published: May 2017

The protected Maculinea arion is an obligate myrmecophilous butterfly (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Fourth instar larvae and pupae develop in Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ant nests. Host ant specificity varies geographically, and knowledge of the local host ant species is important to understand the biogeography and evolution of this species, and vital for its conservation. Here we report the first data on the host ant usage of M. arion in the Carpathian Basin, one prepupal caterpillar from a Myrmica specioides Bondroit, 1918 and one pupa from a M. scabrinodis Nylander, 1846 nest. Myrmica specioides is a new host ant species of M. arion. It is important to collect further data on the host ant usage of M. arion, despite the difficulties of data collection.
Social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) from Ducke Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Somavilla Alexandre , De Oliveira Marcio Luiz
Published: May 2017

Social wasps are common elements in Neotropics, although even elementary data about this taxon in the Amazon region is partially unknown. Therefore the purpose of this work was to increase the knowledge of social wasp fauna at the Ducke Reserve. One hundred and three species belonging to nineteen genera were recorded. The richest genera were Polybia (28 species), Agelaia (12) and Mischocyttarus (12). Seventy species was collected in active search, 42 species using Malaise trap, 25 suspended trap, 20 attractive trap and nine light trap. Ducke Reserve has one of the highest number of Polistinae wasps in reserves or parks in the Neotropic region.
First Characterization of Sphingomyeline Phosphodiesterase Expression in the Bumblebee, Bombus lantschouensis
Authors: Han Lei , He Shaoyu , Dong Jie , Wang Ye , Huang Jiaxing , Wu Jie
Published: May 2017

The bumblebee (Bombus lantschouensis Vogt) is an important pollinator of wild plants. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (SMPD) is a hydrolase that plays a major role in sphingolipid metabolism reactions. We report the preparation and characterization of a polyclonal antibody for bumblebee SMPD. We then use the polyclonal antiserum to detect the SMPD protein at different development stages and in different tissues. Our results showed that a 1228bp fragment homologous with the B. terrestris SMPD gene was successfully amplified. The molecular weight of the fusion protein was about 70 kDa by SDS-PAGE. An effective polyclonal antibody against SMPD was also obtained from mice and found to have a higher specificity for bumblebee SMPD. Western blotting detection showed that SMPD was expressed at a high level in queen ovaries, although expression was lower in the midgut and venom gland. SMPD expression decreased from the egg stage until the pdd stage. We interpret our results as showing that the development of an effective polyclonal antiserum for the SMPD protein of a bumblebee, which provides a tool for exploring the function of the SMPD gene. In addition, the work has confirmed that SMPD should be considered as an important enzyme during bumblebee egg and larval stages.