bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a cardiovascular disease risk management care continuum within a learning healthcare system: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Groenhof T Katrien J , Lely A Titia , Haitjema Saskia , Nathoe Hendrik M , Kortekaas Marlous F , Asselbergs Folkert W , Bots Michiel L , Hollander Monika
Published: November 2020

Background

Many patients now present with multimorbidity and chronicity of disease. This means that multidisciplinary management in a care continuum, integrating primary care and hospital care services, is needed to ensure high quality care.

Aim

To evaluate cardiovascular risk management (CVRM) via linkage of health data sources, as an example of a multidisciplinary continuum within a learning healthcare system (LHS).

Design & setting

In this prospective cohort study, data were linked from the Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort (UCC) to the Julius General Practitioners' Network (JGPN) database. UCC offers structured CVRM at referral to the University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht. JGPN consists of electronic health record (EHR) data from referring GPs.

Method

The cardiovascular risk factors were extracted for each patient 13 months before referral (JGPN), at UCC inclusion, and during 12 months follow-up (JGPN). The following areas were assessed: registration of risk factors; detection of risk factor(s) requiring treatment at UCC; communication of risk factors and actionable suggestions from the specialist to the GP; and change of management during follow-up.

Results

In 52% of patients, ≥1 risk factors were registered (that is, extractable from structured fields within routine care health records) before UCC. In 12%–72% of patients, risk factor(s) existed that required (change or start of) treatment at UCC inclusion. Specialist communication included the complete risk profile in 67% of letters, but lacked actionable suggestions in 86%. In 29% of patients, at least one risk factor was registered after UCC. Change in management in GP records was seen in 21%–58% of them.

Conclusion

Evaluation of a multidisciplinary LHS is possible via linkage of health data sources. Efforts have to be made to improve registration in primary care, as well as communication on findings and actionable suggestions for follow-up to bridge the gap in the CVRM continuum.
Evaluating a clinical tool (FAMCAT) for identifying familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Akyea Ralph K , Qureshi Nadeem , Kai Joe , de Lusignan Simon , Sherlock Julian , McGee Christopher , Weng Stephen
Published: November 2020

Background

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an inherited lipid disorder causing premature heart disease, which is severely underdiagnosed. Improving the identification of people with FH in primary care settings would help to reduce avoidable heart attacks and early deaths.

Aim

To evaluate the accuracy of the familial hypercholesterolaemia case ascertainment identifcation tool (FAMCAT) for identifying FH in primary care.

Design & setting

A retrospective cohort study of 1 030 183 patients was undertaken. Data were extracted from the UK Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) database. Patient were aged >16 years.

Method

The FAMCAT algorithm was compared with methods of FH detection recommended by national guidelines (Simon Broome diagnostic criteria, Dutch Lipid Clinic Network [DLCN] Score, and cholesterol levels >99th centile). Discrimination and calibration were assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and by comparing observed versus predicted cases.

Results

A total of 1707 patients had a diagnosis of FH. FAMCAT showed a high level of discrimination (AUC = 0.844, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.834 to 0.854), performing significantly better than Simon Broome criteria (AUC = 0.730, 95% CI = 0.719 to 0.741), DLCN Score (AUC = 0.766, 95% CI = 0.755 to 0.778), and screening cholesterols >99 th centile (AUC = 0.579, 95% CI = 0.571 to 0.588). Inclusion of premature myocardial infarction (MI) and fitting cholesterol as a continuous variable improved the accuracy of FAMCAT (AUC = 0.894, 95% CI = 0.885 to 0.903).

Conclusion

Better performance of the FAMCAT algorithm, compared with other approaches for case finding of FH in primary care, such as Simon Broome criteria, DLCN criteria or very high cholesterol levels, has been confirmed in a large population cohort.
Conte et hagiographie : étude sur la Vie de sainte Odile d’Alsace
Authors: Gaillard Michèle
Published: November 2020

Though it appears, by its structure, as a fairy tale, the Life of Saint Odile of Alsace, most probably written in the 9th century, obeys to very strict objectives. It is a support to the antiquity of the foundation of the Hohenbourg monastery by the Duke of Alsace Eticho, father of Odile, at the end of the 7th century ; it aims at confirming Odile as the writer of the canonesses’ rules, as the founder of the monastery of Niedermunster, nearby Hohenbourg, as well as the constructor of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste church where she has been buried. The link between the fairy tale and the founding legend engraved forever the success of Odile’s cult throughout the Middle Ages and beyond.
What Romans ate and how much they ate of it. Old and new research on eating habits and dietary proportions in classical antiquity
Authors: Van Limbergen Dimitri
Published: November 2020

This article reviews the current state of affairs regarding our knowledge on eating habits and dietary proportions in the Roman world. The narrative is centred on the main components of the ancient diet : cereals, wine, olive oil, meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and pulses. Focal points in the discussion are food types and calories. The author integrates literature, archaeology and natural sciences, and devotes particular attention to the possibilities and constraints of our datasets. What emerges is a complicated picture in which it remains difficult to answer basic questions and to identify general patterns. By offering a series of thinking tools, however, the article provides a new framework for researchers to increase our understanding of the classical diet in the future.
Vulfran, clerc palatin, moine de Fontenelle, évêque métropolitain de Sens
Authors: Lebecq Stéphane
Published: November 2020

Le but de cet article est avant tout d’offrir la traduction des chapitres les plus strictement biographiques de la Vita Vulframni attribuée à Jonas de Fontenelle – en fait une compilation de traditions écrites et orales réalisée autour de l’an 800 –, mais aussi d’en démêler la trame chronologique, qui est très confuse mais que viennent éclairer quelques chartes et surtout les Gesta des abbés de Fontenelle. Vulfran, dont on peut penser qu’il est né au début des années 640 et dont on est sûr qu’il est mort vers 695, est issu d’une grande famille de Neustrie originaire du Gâtinais. Élevé au palais royal et entré dans la cléricature, il a occupé des charges auliques importantes au côté de son mentor, le référendaire Ansbert, qui est devenu abbé de Fontenelle vers 678 puis évêque de Rouen en 684. Sans doute est-ce dans ces années et sous l’influence d’Ansbert que Vulfran est devenu moine de Fontenelle, puis que, vers 690, il s’est engagé dans la mission de Frise. S’il est sûr que Vulfran n’a pu devenir évêque de Sens avant 687-688, il est frappant de constater que les seules traces diplomatiques de son épiscopat datent des années 692-695, c’est-à-dire de l’extrême fin de sa vie – époque à laquelle la Vita le dit reclus à Fontenelle. Une contradiction parmi d’autres, qu’il n’est pas simple de résoudre !
Jonas of Bobbio and the Representation of Germanic Paganism
Authors: Wood Ian N.
Published: November 2020

Bien que Jonas de Bobbio se réfère au culte de Wodan, il est le premier auteur à le faire. Des preuves antérieures suggèrent que les peuples barbares de la Rhénanie et du Haut-Danube n’adoraient pas le panthéon germanique de Wodan, Thor, Tiw et Freya, mais révéraient plutôt des divinités comme les deae matres, mais aussi les dieux de Rome. Les déclarations de nos sources relatives à des Francs adorateurs de Jupiter, Mercure, Mars et Vénus sont souvent considérées comme une interpretatio Romana ; il semble toutefois que les divinités romaines aient bien été adoptées par les barbares qui vivaient sur ou près des limes. Le culte de Wodan et de Thor semble avoir été confiné à l’origine à des groupes comme les Lombards, les Angles et les Saxons, pour s’étendre ensuite à l’Italie lombarde et à l’Angleterre anglo-saxonne, mais pas à la Francie.
Uma revisão sobre a Vitamina D seus efeitos e problematizações em sua ausência
Authors: Marrafon André Afonso , Gomes Saulo Francisco de Assis , Moreira Nhaypi Iasmin Taveira , Santos Joice Keviner Gomes dos , Nascimento Vanubia Silva , Cruz Roberta Cristina Ribeiro
Published: November 2020

Cerca de 90% da vitamina D é obtida pela síntese cutânea após exposição aos raios UVB e os 10% restantes obtidos através da dieta. A síntese cutânea é favorecida aos indivíduos de pele clara, que necessitam de uma exposição solar diária entre 10 e 15 minutos no período das 10:00 as 15:00, ou duas horas semanais. Frente a grande aplicabilidade da vitamina D no meio médico, o trabalho tem a intenção de trazer informações relativas a mesma na forma de revisão da literatura. Foi realizado revisão da literatura nas bases como Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Google Scholar, Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library online (Scielo) e o PubMed. A deficiência de vitamina D já é considerada um importante problema de saúde pública, tanto no Brasil, quanto no mundo. Os fatores de risco para hipovitaminose D são de origem multifatorial, podem envolver deficiência materna de vitamina D durante a gestação e amamentação, esse último, quando associado a uso exclusivo do aleitamento materno; localização geográfica, uso demasiado de protetores solares, pigmentação cutânea escura e cobertura em excesso do corpo. É possível avaliar que a Vitamina D é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento de diversos sistemas em várias fases da vida, além de seu efeito protetor em sistemas cardiovascular, ósseo, regulação de patologias como diabetes, ação frente a células tumorais entre outros.
Analisis SWOT terhadap Strategi Penjualan Smartphone Xiaomi dan Vivo
Authors: Afnan Eriana , Raharja Sam'un Jaja
Published: November 2020

The growth of smartphone users every year continues to grow and is a necessity for its users. Every smartphone company competes for generous consumers and competes to provide the technology and features needed by its users. This research was conducted to see a SWOT analysis of sales strategies on Xiaomi smartphones and Vivo smartphones in terms of differentiation strategy, focus strategy, cost leadership strategy. This study uses a digital use database to find articles relevant to the SWOT analysis of sales strategies on Xiaomi smartphones and Vivo smartphones. This type of research used in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The analysis method used is the SWOT analysis and Porter's Generic Strategy. The results showed that in total, this smartphone company had implemented the generic porter strategy well. However, the Vivo company's focus strategy is only applied so that the Vivo company can focus on marketing efforts on one or two market segments and create a marketing mix that is specific to that market so that the company can find better market needs.
La Primera sentencia de amparo en México. (Un antecedente de historia constitucional)
Authors: Palomino Manchego José F.
Published: November 2020

Se da cuenta de la primera sentencia de amparo en la historia del derecho constitucional, que fuera pronunciada en México, y se analizan las tres etapas sucesivas por las que ha pasado el juicio de amparo en el contexto histórico del siglo XIX, así como su subsecuente desarrollo y regulación
Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Biji Durian (Durio Zibethinus) Dan Biji Rambutan (Nephelium Lappaceum) Menjadi Keripik
Authors: Damayanti Astrilia , Mahadji Putri Riana Defi , Megawati Megawati , Siami Desy Hikmatul , Fitriani Zulfi
Published: November 2020

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan teknologi pangan kepada ibu-ibu PKK RT03/RW03, Kelurahan Ngijo, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Semarang dengan memanfaatkan biji Durian (Durio zibethinus) dan biji Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) sebagai keripik. Target luaran yang diharapkan antara lain masyarakat dapat berwirausaha sehingga kesejahteraan keluarga dapat ditingkatkan. Hasil dari program pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilakukan ini adalah sebagai berikut: aspek penerapan iptek produk pangan dipandang sangat efektif untuk membangun kemandirian masyarakat yang berbasis potensi lokal yakni pemanfaatan biji durian dan biji rambutan, dan aspek manfaat yang dihasilkan dari program ini sangat besar yaitu meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan potensi pohon Durian dan Rambutan terutama bijinya untuk dibuat menjadi keripik, meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat bidang pengolahan biji durian dan rambutan untuk dibuat keripik serta menumbuhkan motivasi berwirausaha khususnya di RT03/RW03, Kelurahan Ngijo, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Semarang.
Pemanfaatan Kardus Menjadi Tempat Sampah Pintar Berbasis Arduino UNO R3
Authors: Solihati Tifani Intan , Nuraida Ida , Hidayanti Nur
Published: November 2020

Limbah industri dan sampah yang dihasilkan manusia sering membuat lingkungan kumuh serta menjadi tidak sehat. Permasalahan yang muncul terkait sampah yaitu polusi udara, dan kesehatan manusia serta lingkungan. Untuk itu dibutuhkan inovasi lain untuk memanfaatkan sampah. Salah satu benda yang dimaksud adalah kardus. Sampah berupa kardus merupakan salah satu sampah yang banyak digunakan untuk industri kerajinan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan model waterfall. Alasan dari penggunaan metode waterfall adalah karena metode ini tersusun secara lengkap step by step nya, sehingga bisa meminimalisir kesalahan yang akan terjadi. Dengan Tahapan sebagai berikut: Analisis, desain, coding, pengujian, perawatan. Dalam penelitian ini, telah dijelaskan bahwa penempatan penggunaan Arduino Uno R3 yang merupakan kebermanfaatan untuk kesehatan lingkungan dengan cara mengolah sampah dan disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat oleh mahasiswa Universitas Banten Jaya mengenai penggunaan Ardruino Uno R3. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa struktur atau desain sistem untuk sampah dengan menggunakan ardruino Uno R3 yang terdiri dari perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak untuk source code arduino, diagram blok arduino Uno R3 yang terdiri dari servo, buzzer, dan arduino.
Menjaga Eksistensi Pelestarian Bahasa Sampit di Masa Pandemi Bersama Lembaga Adat dan Budaya Sampit
Authors: Ramadhan Sandy , Fauzi Fauzi , Aida Nur , Permata Sari Dwi Maulina , Anggraini Gita
Published: November 2020

Bahasa Sampit merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah di Indonesia yang statusnya saat initerancam. Saat ini bahasa Sampit mulai jarang dituturkan, bahkan dikenal masyarakat danhanya digunakan sebagian generasi tua saja. Pengabdian melalui Program KreativitasMahasiswa (PKM) bertujuan untuk membantu Lembaga Adat dan Budaya Sampit dalammelestarikan bahasa Sampit melalui pembuatan kamus bahasa Sampit. Kegiatan ini melalui 3(tiga) tahapan, yaitu tahap awal, tahap inti, dan tahap akhir. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan timperumus bahasa Sampit, terjalinnya kerjasama dengan Balai Bahasa Kalimantan Tengah, danbahasa Sampit diangkat menjadi program revitalisasi bahasa.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Diorama untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Hadipolo
Authors: Kisma Ayu Dandini , Fakhriyah Fina , Purbasari Imaniar
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan peningkatan pemahaman konsep dengan media diorama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yang penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Hadipolo yang berjumlah 35 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan data tes tertulis diakhir siklus. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan observasi, dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman konsep pada prasilus memperoleh rata-rata 68, 98 dengan kriteria perlu bimbingan. Hasil tes pemahaman konsep pada siklus I memperoleh rata-rata 73, 72 dengan kriteria perlu bimbingan, dan hasil tes pemahaman konsep siklus II memperoleh rata-rata 85, 05 dengan kriteria baik. Simpulan media diorama dapat meningkatakan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi sumber daya alam.
Relationship between Cash Flow, Bank Credit, Taxes, and Innovation
Authors: Galindo-Martín Miguel-Ángel , Castaño-Martínez María-Soledad , Méndez-Picazo María-Teresa
Published: November 2020

Specialized literature has centered on analyzing the relationship between the entrepreneur and innovation, since the former is considered to be a driver for innovation. However, there are other factors that can influence innovation that should be considered: business cash flow, because it uses its own resources to innovate; bank credit, the possibility of accessing external financing; and taxes, which account for a reduction in businesses’ cash flow when they increase. The objective of this article is to analyze the existing relationship between these factors and innovation and the latter with growth. To achieve this, an empirical study has been carried out using a Partial Least Square (PLS) estimation with eleven European countries.
The Cyclical Behaviour of the Small-Cap Premium: A Regime-Switching Approach
Authors: Switzer Lorne N. , Picard Alan
Published: November 2020

While the average annual small-cap premia for the US and Canada are substantial over long horizons, there is considerable time variation of this premium within and across these countries. For the US, during expansions, the average annualized premium is a sizable 5.44%, while during recessions, there is a small-cap discount of 6.23%. The differentials are less pronounced in Canada. This paper investigates the hypothesis that the variation of the small-cap premium is related to macroeconomic and financial variables that can be captured by a nonlinear time series econometric model, i.e., the smooth transition autoregressive model (STAR model), with different factor sets across regimes between and countries. The regimes reflect expansionary vs. contractionary phases of the business cycle. For the Canadian small-cap premium, an augmented factor model that includes US factors dominates a purely domestic factor model, which is consistent with integrated markets.
Tax Incentives: An Effective Mechanism to Achieve EU Harmonization?
Authors: Bustos-Contell Elisabeth , Climent-Serrano Salvador , Labatut-Serer Gregorio
Published: November 2020

For decades, European Union (EU) wide corporate tax harmonization has been sought to eradicate business relocation for tax reasons. It is hoped that this harmonization will ensure that companies pay taxes in the countries where they operate. One mechanism that countries use to achieve this harmonization is tax incentives. Yet each country establishes its own incentive structure, according to its statutory tax rate. This study analyzes the effective tax burden in the initial 15 EU member states between 2006 and 2014 to identify significant differences that prevent tax harmonization across these countries. The statutory and effective tax rates are used to evaluate the tax burden. The net tax incentives and disincentives are also considered. The analysis shows that between 2006 and 2014, these 15 member states used tax incentives to close the gaps among these countries’ tax burdens. Countries with above-average effective tax rates offered greater tax incentives than countries with below-average effective tax rates. However, though these tax policies reduced the gap in the tax burden, harmonization of the effective tax rate was not achieved during the study period.
Future Banking Scenarios. Evolution of Digitalisation in Spanish Banking
Authors: Valero Silvia , Climent Francisco , Esteban Rafael
Published: November 2020

The banking sector has begun a process of digital transformation that is changing the way financial products and services are sold. This transformation is a consequence of the growing demand for digital channels by some sectors of the population, the progress of new technologies and the banks’ need to improve efficiency after the economic crisis. The emergence of innovative financial technology (fintech) startups in the banking sector has been the lever initiating this digital transformation. Technology companies are challenging established banking business models and promoting the democratisation of finance in a more efficient and transparent financial ecosystem. Increasing investment in these technology companies has also attracted the interest of various regulators, and the future suggests a scenario of collaboration between these new players and traditional companies, with a consequently difficult task for the regulators of guaranteeing the same conditions of competition for new entrants and incumbents. However, technology companies with vast experience in the gathering and use of data from millions of users (such as Amazon, Google or Facebook) are considered a threat. Moreover, some types of evolving fintechs, such as neobanks with bank licences, may also become competitors. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) or blockchain, a fintech technology that is evolving constantly, has already awoken the interest of all financial sector participants because it could trigger real disruption and produce a new era of value.
Does Capital Market Distrust CSR Reporting? Economic Benefits in Presence of Complementary Monitoring Mechanism
Authors: García-Sánchez Isabel-María , Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer , Azevedo Tania
Published: November 2020

From a theoretical point of view, corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure actions have associated a large list of benefits as a result of the lower information asymmetry problems that provoke firms to enjoy better financial conditions and higher market value. However, empirically there is no unanimity in the academy about these positive impacts. In this paper, we consider that the possible discretionary decision that managers could have in the elaboration of CSR reporting implies distrust about the credibility and utility of sustainability information. In this regard, the presence of independence in boards and directors that ensure better control of management decision could moderate the relationship between the quality of CSR reports and their benefits. Independent directors, in their decision-making process, associate their personal image, reputation, and career with CSR disclosures. For an international sample of analysis, our empirical evidence supports the premise that the market only positively assesses the utility and comparability of corporate social responsibility information, giving firms a superior value when there is a complementary mechanism that guarantees information credibility.
The Impact of Short Selling on Firms: An Empirical Literature Review
Authors: Caby Jérôme
Published: November 2020

This review surveys the existing empirical literature on the real effects of short selling on firms, addressing them through three main perspectives: corporate governance, financial decisions, and performance. The results of the (too) few empirical studies under scrutiny converge to a common rationale: a positive impact as a disciplinary mechanism on corporate governance and corporate investment policy and a positive impact on operating and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance, even if some results are still puzzling. It appears that further investigations are necessary and should test the consequences of short selling on firms from a broader and more systematic perspective, with different theoretical and methodological approaches.
CHOOSING OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN THE ACUTE COURSE OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
Authors:   Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Kolyasnikova N.M. , Malenko G.V. ,   Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Shcherbinina M.S. ,   Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ishmuhametov A.A. ,   Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Pogodina V.V. ,   Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products
Published: November 2020

A number of antibacterial drugs used for the treatment of combined viral and bacterial infections can cause immunosuppression, weighting of the acute course and activation of the persistent infection. Previously, it was found that among the antibacterial drugs, strong activators of persistent infection are streptomycin (group of aminoglycosides), cefamezin (group of cephalosporins), ristomycin (polypeptide antibiotic), the group of drugs that do not cause depression of humoral immunity includes gentamicin (aminoglycoside), kanamycin (aminoglycoside), levomycetin (synthetic antibacterial drug), florimycin (aminoglycoside). In this paper an experiment on Syrian hamsters shows the effect of using a new generation antibiotic — Ceftriaxone (beta-lactam antibiotic) on the course of acute tick-borne encephalitis.
LABORATORY CONFIRMATION OF THE SPOTTED FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIOSES AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Authors:   Federal Budget Institute of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Chekanova T.A.
Published: November 2020

In the group of patients with typical clinical signs of acute tick-borne rickettsioses, specific IgM and/or IgG with/without IgA were found in 75.6% cases. IgG were low avidity in most cases, which indicated the recent primary infection. More than 20% of sera have single group specific IgA. In patients with atypical manifestations highly avidity IgG were predominant, that along with the presence of IgM and/or IgA may indicate re-infection or infection by new species, which is different from previous pathogen of the tick-borne spotted group rickettsioses.
Entre 2008-2020
Authors: Freire Emerson
Published: November 2020

Este ensaio reflete sobre o papel da tecnociência em meio ao surgimento de crises econômicas, sociais e sanitárias.
Há tempo para o tempo necessário antes do fim?
Authors: Souza Iael de
Published: November 2020

A pandemia da SARS-COV-2 escancarou as desigualdades sociais, de classe, de sexo, de raça, de etnia, colocou em evidência a autodestruição do planeta e de todas as formas de vida e fez o sistema capital expor toda a sua perversidade perante o agravamento da barbárie social, tratando a vida humana com indiferença e como sendo descartável. Mas o que poderia ter sido o mote para a erupção de uma situação revolucionária se perdeu pela ausência de uma direção, projeto e luta político-social revolucionária (política social radical), expondo a urgência de retomada do trabalho de base junto às massas e aos subalternos para que os momentos de crise possam ser aproveitados para a elevação da consciência das massas e transformação substancial das lutas político-sociais. É sobre essa necessidade mais do que premente deste trabalho de base que esse artigo aborda.
Crise da acumulação, Estado e classes sociais
Authors: Moura Alessandro de
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do artigo é discutir a crise estrutural de acumulação do capital que se estende desde a década de 1970 como uma "longa crise" que dura até o presente momento. Esta foi aprofundada por uma nova etapa da crise de acumulação iniciada em 2008 e agravada pela pandemia de 2020. Por fim abordamos o surgimento da pandemia do covid-19 no marco da produção industrial em larga escala, considerando os impactos que tal produção desencadeia sobre o meio ambiente e outras formas de vida.
Estudios visuales
Authors: Capasso Verónica Cecilia
Published: November 2020

En este texto se aborda la contribución de los Estudios Visuales —y, por ende, la cultura visual— a los Estudios sociales del arte, como área de conocimientos más amplia. Así, se identifican tres aportes sustanciales para el análisis de experiencias visuales: la producción de conocimiento desde una lógica transdisciplinar; la ampliación de la mirada al hablar de prácticas visuales —en tanto que las prácticas artísticas no tienen el monopolio de la visualidad—; y el pensar la producción y el rol de las imágenes en la escena pública desde nuevas perspectivas. Estas características son importantes, entre otras cosas, para el análisis de la dimensión visual de la lucha social actual en distintos países de Latinoamérica. Se considera que esto será de suma importancia para afrontar con nuevos horizontes teóricos y conceptuales el estudio de las imágenes como repertorios de acción colectiva en la contemporaneidad.
La relación entre el arte visual y el diseño comercial de Benetton
Authors: Soni Soto Araceli , González Gutiérrez Darío
Published: November 2020

Este artículo se propone estudiar los vínculos entre los campos del arte visual y el diseño de la comunicación gráfica en las campañas comerciales de la marca Benetton, elaboradas por Oliverio Toscani entre los ochenta y el año 2000. Con base en los entramados conceptuales de John B. Thompson y Pierre Bourdieu, utilizamos el método deductivo en esta investigación. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que las campañas se aproximan al arte en aspectos como la estética de lo feo; elementos realistas con imágenes desgarradoras; la recreación de problemas sociales. Ambos campos conservan su autonomía y construyen sus formas simbólicas de manera distinta. El valor del artículo reside en la exposición sobre un debate inacabado sobre los límites del arte visual y el diseño gráfico, disciplinas que inciden en el espacio social, conforman nuestras ideas y formas de vida.
AN OVERVIEW OF INDIA-BAHRAIN TRADE RELATIONS
Authors: Dr. Abdul Vajid
Published: November 2020

Indian-Bahrain relations go back centuries and both are close allies. The Monarchy, along with its GCC allies, is one of the world's most influential advocates of India's candidacy for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, according to Indian officials. In 2019-20, trade between India and Bahrain was USD 980.59 million. The wide Indian Diaspora in Bahrain is also the focus of debate as it is the foundation of India-Bahrain relationship.
An effort has been made in this paper to examine the India’s trade relationship with Bahrain between 2011-2020. The study shows that India and Bahrain both have tremendous cooperation potential and therefore need to improve their trade diplomacy in order to establish a favourable trade facilitation climate.
KEY WORDS: Indo-Bahrain relations, Trade relations, Foreign Trade, International Relations, Foreign Relations, International Trade
Human Capabilities and Instrumental Freedoms Relationship: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Aguenane Nour Eddine
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study: In Development as freedom, Amartya Sen confirmed the crucial "instrumental" role of five kinds of freedoms in the promotion of capabilities and therefore in the process of human development in general. These are political freedoms, economic facilities, transparency guarantees, social opportunities, and protective security. This paper has three empirical objectives: 1) to measure the effect of instrumental freedoms on capabilities, 2) to verify if this effect becomes stronger once instrumental freedoms are interconnected, and 3) to verify whether this relationship is moderated by the level of economic development achieved by each country.

Methodology: To achieve these three objectives, this article confronts the second-order construct of "instrumental freedoms" (as an exogenous variable) with five first-order constructs (as endogenous variables). The five endogenous latent variables reflect the capabilities of health, education, housing, employment, and communication and mobility at the level of the sixty countries selected as the analysis samples. The estimation of the hierarchical structural model is done using the partial least squares approach and the repeated indicator method.

Main Findings: This study highlights three major results: 1) The existence of a significant effect of instrumental freedoms on the five relevant capabilities selected. 2) When instrumental freedoms interconnect, they reinforce each other and their effect on human capabilities becomes stronger. 3) The multi-group analysis suggests that instrumental freedoms positively and significantly impact human capabilities in the same way in both developed and developing countries.

Research implications: Freedom plays a "constitutive" and "instrumental" role in the development process. To provide people with the freedom to live according to their aspirations, public policies must be empowering. In other words, they should improve the instrumental perspective of at least three essential freedoms: political freedoms, economic facilities, and transparency guarantees.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Apart from the works which attempted to operationalize Amartya Sen's capability approach, the relationship between instrumental freedoms and human capabilities has not been the subject of empirical studies. This paper is intended as a contribution to this field of investigation.
A Made-in-Canada Second Language Framework for K-12 Education: Another Case Where No Prophet is Accepted in their Own Land
Authors: Bournot-Trites Monique Gabrielle , Friesen Lucas , Ruest Carl , Zumbo Bruno D.
Published: November 2020

To ensure quality of education, a language framework should be the foundation on which second language curricula are developed. In 2010, the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC), as suggested by Vandergrift (2006a, 2006b), recommended the use of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in the K-12 Canadian school context and presented several considerations for adaptation before it should be adopted and used. Although the CEFR is partially used across Canada, few of the CMEC’s considerations have been met to date. Given this state of affairs, we suggest the made-in-Canada, Canadian Language Benchmarks and les Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (CLB/NCLC) as an alternative. We argue that the CLB/NCLC, profoundly revised in 2012, best embrace the Canadian context and, using Vandergrift’s criteria for a valid language framework, that CLB/NCLC are now superior to the CEFR in many aspects.
Internationally Educated Nurses and the Canadian English Language Benchmark Assessment for Nurses: A Qualitative Test Validation Study of Test-Taker Accounts
Authors: Baldwin Stefanie , Cheng Liying
Published: November 2020

This qualitative validation study examines sixteen Internationally Educated Nurses’ (IENs’) accounts of the Canadian English Language Benchmark Assessment for Nurses (CELBAN) at two testing centres (Toronto and Hamilton). This study adopts both focus groups and one-on-one interviews to investigate the inferences drawn from the test, and its consequences. Focus groups and interviews were conducted using an adapted interview guide utilized in the TOEFL iBT investigation of test-taker accounts of construct representation and construct irrelevant variance (DeLuca et al., 2013). While construct representation describes the degree of authenticity in the presentation of Canadian English language nursing tasks, construct irrelevant variance refers to potential factors impacting the test-taking experience which might contribute to a score variance that was not reflective of test-taker knowledge of the testing constructs (Messick, 1989, 1991, 1996). In this study, test-taker accounts of construct representation and construct irrelevant variance constituted the data which were coded and analyzed abductively via the sensitizing concepts derived from DeLuca et al., and Cheng and DeLuca (2011) on examining test-takers’ experience and their contribution to validity. Seven themes emerged, answering four research questions: How do IENs characterize their test experience? How do IENs describe the assessment constructs? What, if any, sources of Construct Irrelevant Variance (CIV) do IENs describe? Do IENs feel the language tasks are authentic? Overall, participants reported positive experiences with the CELBAN, while identifying some possible sources of CIV. Given the CELBAN’s widespread use for high-stakes decisions (a component of nursing certification and licensure), further research of IEN-test-taker responses to construct representation and construct irrelevant variance will remain critical to our understanding of the role of language competency testing for IENs.
Portfolio Based Language Assessment (PBLA) in Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) Programs: Taking Stock of Teachers' Experience
Authors: Abdulhamid Nwara , Fox Janna
Published: November 2020

This study examined seven Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) teachers’ accounts of current Portfolio Based Language Assessment (PBLA) practices, elicited through semi-structured interviews, in order to explore washback - the effects of PBLA on teaching and learning. Portfolios are primarily useful as formative assessment tools (i.e., informing teaching and learning) (Fox, 2014; Little, 2007); conversely, when used solely as summative tools (i.e., achievement measures), they can result in portfolio prisons, which undermine teaching and learning (Hargreaves et al., 2002). To investigate the washback effect of PBLA, data were qualitatively analyzed, synthesized, and merged in development of recurring themes (Charmaz, 2006). Findings suggest that PBLA may have had washback on both teaching and learning. However, teachers’ individual classroom situations determined the direction and intensity of reported PBLA washback. The study highlights leverage points (Fox, 2004) where interventions (e.g., additional support, resources) might address negative washback.
In vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation of Anodic Alumina Substrates with Electrochemically Embedded Silver
Authors: Kiradzhiyska Denitsa , Batsalova Tsvetelina , Dzhambazov Balik , Mancheva Rositsa
Published: November 2020

Anodic aluminum oxide films modified by silver incorporation (Al-O-Ag) under specific electrodeposition conditions were produced and their biocompatibility was analyzed by in vitro assays using mammalian cell lines. The results obtained demonstrate that Al-O-Ag substrates are well tolerated by human dermal fibroblasts. The alumina pads doped with silver for short time-period (30 seconds) showed the highest biocompatibility among all modified metal substrates and in comparison with three dental alloys.
Thermochemical Decomposition of Sewage Sludge � An Eco-Friendly Solution for a Sustainable Energy Future by Using Wastes
Authors: Zaharioiu Anca , Bucura Felicia , Ionete Eusebiu Ilarian , Ionete Roxana Elena , Ebrasu Daniela , Sandru Claudia , Marin Florian , Oancea Simona , Niculescu Violeta , Miricioiu Marius Gheorghe , Constantinescu Marius
Published: November 2020

The study aims to promote clean energy technologies that ensure the recycling and recovery of waste, namely the sewage sludge (SS), by converting it into products (e.g. oil, gas) with added value, contributing thus to reducing the negative impact on environment and health. An experimental setup was proposed in order to achieve the pyrolysis process, by varying the heating rate, (5�C/min, 10�C/min and 50�C/min). The resulted products, namely i) char - SSPyChar, ii) oil - SSPyOil and iii) gas - SSPyGas, were investigated in terms of elemental content, high heat value (HHV), low heat value (LHV) and emission factor (EF). The pyrolysis oils obtained with lower heating rate, 5�C/min and 10 �C/min, presented higher HHV, in comparison with the oils obtained at 50 �C/min, which were rich in water. These oils can have a negative impact on the environment, through their combustion due to their high content of N (6 wt%) and S (1.2 wt%), responsible for the formation of NOx and SOx. Pyrolysis gas revealed in its composition high contents of hydrocarbons (C1-C6), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2). The highest HHV was obtained by using 5�C/min increment, namely 33.81 MJ/m3. Also, the pyrolysis gases had comparable energy values with natural gas, biogas or gases resulted from the plastic pyrolysis.
Aspects Regarding the Relationship Between the Stability of Six Magnesium Compounds and their Cellular Uptake in Mice
Authors: Moisa Corina , Bungau Simona , Behl Tapan , Banica Florin , Purza Lavinia , Moleriu Radu Dumitru , Cadar Oana , Fratila Ovidiu , Tit Delia Mirela
Published: November 2020

This research establishes the relationship between the influence of the stability of 6 magnesium compounds on their cellular uptake and focuses on the comparation between them, finding out which is the magnesium compound with the best bioavailability, depending on the stability. Mg2+ was dosed from tissues taken from various mice organs after the administration of compounds containing it, during the shelf life of the compounds, respectively at 6/12 months after their expiration. Different quantities of substances were also used � 25/50/100/200/300 mg/day/mouse, in groups of 2 mice for each dose. The samples were administered by gavage, following in parallel the possible side effects that may occur. During the shelf life of the compounds and at 6 months after expiration, in all organs, the lowest value was obtained for magnesium oxide and the highest value was detected for magnesium citrate. At 12 months after expiration, in all organs, the lowest/highest value was obtained in the case of oxide/orotate, respectively. It was found that the highest concentration of magnesium is stored in the spleen and lowest in lungs. The data obtained demonstrated a good stability of the tested substances (indicated by maintaining the cellular uptake rate) even 6 months after the expiration date.
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN BANACH SPACES FOR A GENERAL ADDITIVE FUNCTIONAL EQUATION
Authors: Agilan P. , Rassias J.M. , Vallinayagam V.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present the Hyers-Ulam stability of generalized additive functional equation in Banach spaces and stability results have been obtained by a classical direct method by various general control functions.
NATURAL CONVECTION IN A MICROPOLAR NANOFLUID FILLED OPEN RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE EMBEDDED WITH A HEATED OBJECT OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES
Authors: Ushachew E.G. , Sharma M.K.
Published: November 2020

A numerical investigation has been performed to analyze heat convection through a micropolar nanofluid in an open rectangular enclosure. It embedded the inner heated object of different geometries and finite heat source length on the bottom wall with uniform heat flux. The remaining portion of the wall containing heat source and all the remaining walls are assumed as adiabatic except the top wall. Successive over-relaxation (SOR) method coupled with Gauss-Seidel iteration technique are employed in order to numerically tackled the nonlinear model momentum and energy equations. The effect of the calibrated parameters such as Rayleigh number, length of the wall heat source, the geometry of the inner block, vortex viscosity parameter, the type of nanoparticles, and the concentration of nanoparticles on the flow and thermal performance is studied. The computed results show that increasing in the Rayleigh number and the concentration of nanoparticles have a positive effect on Nusselt number whereas increasing in wall heat source length and vortex viscosity attenuates the Nusselt number. Also, the geometry of the inner block has effect in the flow pattern and the temperature distribution.
FUZZY EQUITABLE EDGE COLORING OF SOME SIMPLE GRAPHS
Authors: Sivaraman K. , Prasad R.V.
Published: November 2020

In our earlier works, we have discussed about the equitable edge coloring of various classes of some simple graphs (or crisp graphs). In this Paper we are going to state and discuss the Fuzzy equitable edge coloring of some classes of simple graphs.
ON A NEW CLASS OF SEMI GENERALIZED CLOSED SETS IN STRONG GENERALIZED TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: Selvi G. , Rajasekaran I.
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the concepts of semi generalized closed sets in strong generalized topological spaces such as $sg^{\star \star}_\mu$-closed set, $sg^{\star \star}_\mu$-open set, $g^{\star \star}_\mu$-closed set, $g^{\star \star}_\mu$-open set and studied some of its basic properties included with $sg^{\star \star}_\mu$-continuous maps, $sg^{\star \star}_\mu$-irresolute maps and $T_\frac{1}{2}$-space in strong generalized topological spaces.
Taikinių terapija - efektyviausias plaučių vėžio gydymo būdas
Authors: Žemaitis Marius
Published: November 2020

Plaučių vėžys - viena labiausiai paplitusių ir didžiausią mirtingumą sąlygojančių onkologinių ligų. Pasaulyje naujų plaučio vėžio atvejų skaičius artėja prie 2 mln. Vėžio registro duomenimis, kasmet Lietuvoje plaučių vėžiu suserga apie pusantro tūkstančio žmonių, iš jų penkerius metus išgyvena tik 9,2 proc. moterų ir 8 proc. vyrų [1, 2]. Nepaisant šiuolaikinių diagnostikos metodų, plaučių vėžys nustatomas toli pažengęs, ir vienintelis gydymo būdas tėra sisteminis gydymas vaistais. Nors citotoksinė (nepageidaujamą, neretai gyvybei grėsmingą, poveikį sukelianti) chemoterapija pailgina plaučių vėžiu sergančių ligonių gyvenimo trukmę ir pagerina gyvenimo kokybę, daugelis mokslininkų ir tyrėjų pripažįsta, kad chemoterapija yra pasiekusi savo galimybių ribas: didžiausias atsako į gydymą dažnumas - 25 - 30 proc., o išgyvenamumo mediana - 8 - 10 mėnesių [3].
Foreign Language Reading Anxiety and Mindfulness
Authors: Schmidt-Fajlik Ronald
Published: November 2020

Students might approach reading with a sense of anxiety if they are unable to completely comprehend the text that they are reading. The purpose of this article is to determine whether the introduction of a mindful reading technique decreases anxiety about unfamiliar vocabulary and grammatical structures, increases focus, and builds confidence, thereby contributing to a more positive reading experience. Forty-one Japanese university students took part in the study. After the introduction of a mindfulness technique and putting it into practice, a questionnaire was administered to all 41 students taking part in the study three weeks after the introduction of the technique to determine its effectiveness. Results indicate that many students found mindfulness helpful when reading.
学生達は自分が読んでいる外国語の文章を完全に理解することができていないため、読むことについて不安を抱いている可能性がある。本論は、（自分の呼吸に注意を向けながら読書する）マインドフルリーディングのテクニックの導入が、親しみのない単語や文法構造についての不安を減らし、集中力と自信を高め、その結果より積極的なリーディング体験に寄与する手助けとなるかどうか判断することを目的としている。41人の日本の大学生が本研究に参加した。マインドフルリーディングのテクニックを導入した三週間後に、有用性を判断するアンケートを実施した。結果は、読むときにマインドフルネスが有用であると、多くの被験者が認識していることを示した。
Uncovering Culture Inside the Classroom: A Look at Language
Authors: Dalton Colleen
Published: November 2020

Agar (1994) coined the word languaculture to highlight the inseparability of language and culture. He explained the connection by suggesting that culture is something that “happens” when people are learning to communicate in another language. In this paper, languaculture is presented as a natural learning process that may be exploited for classroom use. First an outside-the-classroom languaculture journey is described using images from archaeology: discovery, excavation, analysis, and archiving. This process is then explored as a way to enrich foreign language education inside the classroom. Although time and curricular constraints of English education in Japan often make it difficult to add culture to lesson plans, the lexical elements themselves can be used as effective tools to help students uncover culture. When culture does happen, students will have an opportunity to deepen their vocabulary knowledge and further develop their appreciation of difference.
Agarはlanguacultureという造語をつくり出し、言語(language)と文化(culture)の切り離せない関係性に焦点をあてた（1994）。文化とは人々が別の言語で伝えることを学ぶ際に「起こる」ものであることを示すことで、この関係性を説明している。本論では、Languacultureを実際の教室で利用することができる自然な学習プロセスとして、紹介している。はじめに、教室外でのlanguacultureの過程を、発見・発掘・分析・記録保管といった考古学のイメージを用いて論じている。次に、このプロセスの教室内での外国語教育を豊かにする可能性について探っている。日本では英語教育に充てられた時間とカリキュラム上の縛りがあるために、普段の授業計画に文化の項目を上乗せするのは容易ではないが、語彙の学習そのものが、学生が文化を掘りおこすのに効果的な手段となりえる。実際に文化が「起こる」とき、学生は自らの語彙知識を深め、さらに文化の違いを認識する力を伸ばす機会を手にするのである。