bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the relationship between serum lipid profile and bronchial asthma exacerbation
Authors: Elkordi Israa S.M.M. , Hafez Manal R. , Eid Hoda A.
Published: December 2024

Background and aim

Asthma is triggered by allergic and oxidative stress that starts lipid peroxidation with stimulation to release of arachidonic acid from cell membrane.

This work aimed to study lipid profiles in bronchial asthma and to assess its use as a biomarker for its exacerbation.

Patients and methods

A total of 50 individuals with bronchial asthma participated in this case-control research. During both acute and stable asthma episodes, spirometric indices, arterial blood gasses, serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were examined.

Results

In the acute phase, HDL was lower and LDL-c was greater in serum than in the stable period. TG, TC, and LDL-c were negatively linked in the acute phase, whereas HDL-c was favorably correlated with all spirometric indices. TG, TC, and LDL were negatively correlated with PaO2 and positively correlated with HCO3. HDL-c positively correlated with O2 saturation and PaO2, and negatively correlated with PaCO2 and HCO3. The most significant risk factors for dyslipidemia in acute phase were O2 saturation, PaO2, FVC%, HCO3, Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) 25–75%, PaCO2, forced expiratory volume /forced vital capacity ratio. Serum HDL-c could be used to discriminate between acute and stable phases with 64% sensitivity, 68% specificity, 66.7% positive predictive value and 56.4% negative predictive value. Serum LDL could be used to discriminate between acute and stable phases with 70% sensitivity, 64% specificity, 66% positive predictive value and 68.1% negative predictive value.

Conclusion

Lipid profile was altered in asthma exacerbation. HDL-c and LDL-c could be used to discriminate between acute and stable asthma phases.
Evaluation of the etiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice in patients attending the Al-Azhar Assiut University Hospital Endoscopy Unit in the last five years
Authors: Moustafa Hamdy Mahfouz , Mohamed Ahmed Qasem , Nouh Ali Sayed Zarea
Published: December 2024

Background and aim

The term ‘cholestasis’ refers to a condition in which the bile flow is reduced, either because of decreased secretion by hepatocytes or because of intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct blockage.

This study is intended to evaluate the Etiological Spectrum of Obstructive Jaundice in Patients attending the Al-Azhar Assiut University Hospital Endoscopy Unit in the last 5 years.

Patients and methods

Our study was a retrospective study in which we reviewed ERCP records from January 2017 to January 2022 to detect the etiology of biliary obstruction. The ERCP procedure was performed in the Endoscopy Unit of Al-Azhar Assiut University Hospital.

Results

Twenty patients (3.1%) had shrunken liver, splenomegaly, and calcular gall bladder suggesting that calcular obstructive jaundice could occur on top of liver cirrhosis. Abdominal US was diagnostic for the cause of obstruction in 400 patients (62.5%). We also found that patients who had hepatic focal lesions, abdominal lymphadenopathy, and/or dilated biliary channels without obvious stones or masses in the abdominal US needed to be re-evaluated with MSCT abdomen with contrast imaging (240 cases, 37.5%).

Conclusion

Although abdominal, multislice, computed tomography fills the gap in diagnosing biliary strictures, it is still far behind magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for revealing biliary pancreatic masses. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is highly effective for treating biliary blockage; in case of failure, we resort to either surgery or percutaneous transhepatic drainage.
Cowden syndrome: Familial presentation and genetic insights
Authors: Shashidhara K. C. , Yenamala Keerthi , Nachu Prajval Reddy , Prajwal L. K. , Chukkapalli Sai Surya
Published: December 2024

Cowden syndrome (CS), primarily driven by PTEN gene mutations, leads to aberrant cell proliferation and presents with characteristic manifestations including multiple hematomas, hamartomatous polyps, and trichilemmomas. Beyond these, patients face elevated risks of breast, thyroid, and endometrial tumors. While PTEN mutations predominate, other genes such as KILLIN, SDH B/D, РІКСА, and AK1 contribute to a subset of cases. Here, we present the familial case of CS, underscoring its genetic complexity and clinical implications.
Paradoxical Behçet’s Disease after Ixekizumab: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ren Yue-Kang , Ren Ling , Sun Wen , Liu Hong-Ye , Guo Shu-Ping
Published: December 2024

Behçet’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects multiple organs and systems. It is characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers. A previous study reported that the IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab can improve the skin and mucosal manifestations in patients with refractory Behçet’s disease. Additionally, secukinumab has been shown to effectively improve neurological symptoms when administered for Behçet’s disease. However, we report a case where Behçet’s disease occurred after the treatment of psoriasis with the IL-17A inhibitor ixekizumab. To summarize its clinical characteristics and treatment experience, we consulted relevant domestic and international literature and conducted a literature review. We concluded that anti-IL-17A treatment may lead to the development of Behçet’s disease. The reported cases are more likely to occur in middle-aged men with varying onset times. The main manifestations include oral and vulvar mucosal ulcers. Furthermore, the gut microbiota may be involved in paradoxical Behçet’s disease.
Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Households in Darmian City with Regard to Municipal Solid Waste Management
Authors: Sahlabadi Fatemeh , Moodi Mitra , Sadani Mohsen , Gerayllo Sakineh , Mahmoodiyan Ahmah , Pour Hasan Mehran
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of households living in Darmian city, South Khorasan, Iran, with regard to municipal solid waste (MSW) management.

Methods:

The quota sampling method was used based on Darmian city zoning. The questionnaire was included questions about knowledge, attitude, and practice in the MSW management domain. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago) using descriptive statistics and appropriate nonparametric statistical tests.

Results:

The findings showed that the mean score of knowledge was 8.53 ± 2.46, of attitude was 16.60 ± 2.70, and of practice was 3.02 ± 1.10. It was found that the implementation of management plans could improve health and environmental aspects.

Conclusion:

According to the findings, the scores of knowledge and practice were higher among urban residents than rural ones. Therefore, proper planning for improving the cultural level of rural residents in this regard should be considered. To increase participation in waste separation and recycling practices, educational campaigns and mass media can be the used as one of the effective educational strategies.
The Performance of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and American College of Radiology (ACR-TIRAD) Thyroid Nodule Risk-Stratification Systems in Determining High-Risk Nodules, and the Correlation of Site, Size, and Autoimmunity with High-Risk Features
Authors: Hussein Ibrahim H. , Altemimi Mahmood T. , Alidrisi Haider A. , Almomin Ammar M. Saeed , Alibrahim Nassar T. , Hamza Muqdam A. , Imran Husam J. , Zaboon Ibrahim A. , Alhamza Ali H. , Nwayyir Hussein A. , Mansour Abbas A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Neck ultrasonography (US) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy are usually used to evaluate thyroid nodules. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two popular thyroid imaging reporting systems in detecting thyroid malignancy and to evaluate the correlation between thyroid autoimmunity, nodule site, and size in the development of malignancy.

Methods:

This prospective study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2021 in Basrah, Iraq. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) and American College of Radiology-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data (ACR-TIRAD) systems were used to evaluate the malignant potential of 143 thyroid nodules in 131 patients.

Results:

The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the ATA system for detecting malignancy were 96% and 20.8% for low-risk and 100% and 4.3% for high-risk nodules, respectively. ACR-TIRAD sensitivity and PPV were 84% and 22.1% for low-risk and 80% and 4.2% for high-risk nodules, respectively. The specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the ATA system for detecting malignancy were 11.6% and 92.3% for low-risk and 10.5% and 100% for high-risk nodules, respectively. The ACR-TIRAD specificity and NPV were 28% and 87.8% for low-risk and 26% and 96.9% for high-risk nodules, respectively. The strength of the correlation between FNA performed across different Bethesda categories and age, sex, nodule size, and positive thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were 0.25, 0.01, 0.22, and 0.4, respectively.

Conclusion:

Both systems are effective; however, adopting TI-RADS stratification results in fewer biopsies being performed for thyroid nodule assessment. Only sex was found to be significantly correlated with FNA performance in thyroid-nodule evaluation.
Glucagon, rather than Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Mediates Higher Post-Lunch Glucose Excursions during Breakfast Skipping in Asian Indian Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chauhan Yash V. , Hakke Mahesh D. , Sanamandra Prudwiraj , Gada Jugal V. , Misra Sukirti , Rahate Sachin S. , Varekar Namrata , Palekar Anagha V. , Varthakavi Premlata K. , Bhagwat Nikhil M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The effect and mechanism of skipping breakfast on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Asian-Indians is unknown.

Methods:

Cross-over, within-group study recruiting 5 habitual breakfast eaters (BE) and 5 habitual breakfast skippers (BS) with uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c 7-9%). Patients underwent testing after three days of following their usual breakfast habits and after seven days of crossing over to the other arm. Fasting values and incremental area under the curve (iAUC0-180) of post-lunch levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucagon were measured. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) parameters assessed were area under the curve (AUC0-180) of post-meal glucose values, 24-hour average blood glucose (ABG), time in range (TIR), and glycemic variability.

Results:

BS led to significantly higher fasting (133.5 ± 34.5 mg/dl vs 110 ± 31.50 mg/dl, P = 0.009) and peak post-lunch (214.6 ± 35.07 mg/dl vs 175.4 ± 39.26 mg/dl, P < 0.001) plasma glucose, and HOMA-IR (3.05 ± 3.89 vs 2.03 ± 1.76, P = 0.007) as compared to BE. Post-lunch iAUC0-180 during BS was significantly higher for plasma glucose (7623 ± 2947.9 mg/dl × min vs 1922.4 ± 1902.1 mg/dl × min, P < 0.001), insulin (2460 ± 1597.50 mIU/ml × mins vs 865.71 ± 1735.73 mIU/ml × mins, P = 0.028), C-peptide (418.4 ± 173.4 ng/ml × mins vs 127.8 ± 117.1 ng/ml × mins, P < 0.001) and glucagon (7272.7 ± 4077 pg/ml × mins vs 4568.8 ± 2074.9 pg/ml × mins, P = 0.044) as compared to BE, while GLP-1 (1812.7 ± 883 pmol/l × mins during BS vs 1643 ± 910 pmol/l × mins during BE, P = 0.255) did not significantly differ between the two visits. CGM revealed a higher post-lunch AUC0-180 during BS. There was no difference in post-dinner AUC0-180, ABG, TIR, or glycemic variability.

Conclusion:

Skipping breakfast led to higher post-lunch glucose excursions, possibly due to higher glucagon excursion and increased insulin resistance.
Performance of Vasopressin Stimulated Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling in Corticotropin Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome with Negative or Equivocal 3 Tesla Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pituitary
Authors: Shivnani Puneet , Kasliwal Rajeev , Goyal Gourav , Sharma Jyoti , Balani Utkarsh , Gupta Pankaj , Sharma Bhawani S. , Yadav Dinesh , Mishra Vineet , Sharma Surendra K.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-stimulated bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is the most accurate procedure in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS) with a sensitivity of 88–100% and a specificity of 67–100%. However, CRH is not available globally currently. We undertook this study of BIPSS using lysine vasopressin (LVP) as an agent to stimulate the release of ACTH from corticotrophs. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of LVP-stimulated BIPSS in differentiating Cushing’s disease (CD) from ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) with negative or equivocal 3T contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI).

Methods:

Seventeen patients with clinically and biochemically confirmed ACTH-dependent CS with equivocal or negative CEMRI pituitary underwent BIPSS using LVP as a stimulating agent.

Results:

Of seventeen patients who underwent BIPSS, nine patients had a raised central-to-peripheral ACTH ratio and were classified as having CD that was confirmed on histopathology following transsphenoidal sinus surgery. Remaining eight patients, who did not show a raised central-to-peripheral ACTH ratio, were classified to have EAS. All patients with EAS underwent contrast-enhanced computerised tomography of the neck, chest, and abdomen and/or Gallium 68 DOTANOC positron emission tomography/computerised tomography. Seven out of eight patients demonstrated solitary pulmonary nodule in the lung (bronchial carcinoid), and one patient had a mass in the thymus (thymic carcinoid).

Conclusion:

BIPSS using LVP confirmed the source of ACTH excess correctly in all the patients with ACTH-dependent CS without the loss of specificity.
Anaesthetic management of a child with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: Das Priyanka , Subramanian Shalini
Published: December 2024

Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome that is characterised by a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 and is known to occur in about one per 50,000 births. Ophthalmic manifestations are common in patients with WHS, who often require corrective surgery under general anaesthesia. Managing the airway, titration of the anaesthetic medications while vigilant monitoring and controlling the haemodynamics during the surgery can be difficult. Further, presence of various anomalies, concurrent seizures, predisposition to cardiac failure and post-operative occurrence of malignant hyperthermia pose anaesthetic challenges in patients with WHS. We present the case of an 11-month-old child with WHS posted for multiple ophthalmological procedures and the challenges faced while administering anaesthesia for the same.
A successful pregnancy with severe male and female factor infertility treated with laser-assisted thinning
Authors: Pandit Subhendu , Sharma Prashant , Magdum Hrishikesh , Gulati Rachna , Ahuja Manish Singh
Published: December 2024

Lifestyle changes have brought about a surge in the incidence of infertility due to both male and female factors. Although newer treatment modalities continue to boom, maternal age, in vitro culture conditions and cryopreservation affect the elasticity and thinning of the zona, which may affect hatching and subsequent implantation – keeping the rates of success low. Assisted hatching using lasers is said to have provided additional support for hatching and implantation in fresh and frozen in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfers cycles. Here, we report one such case where a couple reported with inability to conceive for 8 years after marriage and successfully managed with assisted reproductive techniques (laser thinning) for both male and female factor infertility.
Hypertriglyceridaemia-induced pancreatitis – A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Manavalan Savitha , Murali Sudhinder , Vidyasagar Sudha , Begum Sabika
Published: December 2024

Hypertriglyceridaemia is a known but relatively rare cause of acute pancreatitis. It requires a high level of clinical suspicion to be diagnosed. We report a 43-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diagnosed initially to have alcoholic pancreatitis not responding to conservative management. Serum triglycerides (TGs) were high, and this caused pancreatitis. Following lipid-lowering measures, including insulin infusion, the TG level came down and the patient improved. This case highlights the need to rule out hypertriglyceridaemia as a cause of pancreatitis, as the treatment of this entity is different.
Fulminant necrotising fasciitis complicating upper limb arteriovenous fistula access for haemodialysis
Authors: Davulury Sri Satyavathi , Bhan Vinod
Published: December 2024

Necrotising fasciitis is an aggressive soft-tissue infection with high mortality rates, which needs emergent medical and surgical approach for better results. It is known to occur in drug abusers, immunosuppressed individuals, malignancy, renal failure and in malnourished individuals. It is also described in femoral artery puncture following cardiac catheterisation and access-related complications from secondary infection in pseudoaneurysms following femoral punctures. We report the rare occurrence of upper limb dialysis access with pseudoaneurysms of the cephalic vein with necrotising fasciitis resulting in fulminant gangrene.
Efficacy and Duration of Biological Therapies among Saudi Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Alsuwaidan Sami N. , AlMuqrin Abdullah M. , Qadoumi Tala A. , Aldosari Batal M. , AlAjlan Abdulmajeed M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

The long-term efficacy of biological agents in a Saudi population differs from other populations.

Purpose:

We studied 12 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis undergoing biological treatment to assess the long-term efficacy of these medications in the Saudi Arabian population.

Methods:

This retrospective study includes 12 patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. The patients were followed up in a dermatology clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2019 to January 2020. Patients’ demographic data, psoriasis type, duration of biologic treatment, side effects, duration of remission and presence or absence of other medical conditions, and previous or concomitant medications were recorded.

Results:

Six adalimumab-treated patients sustained remission over 5–8 years, with relapses observed in two cases due to treatment nonadherence. Two other adalimumab-treated patients sustained remission for 10–11 years. Two adolescent boys receiving etanercept maintained remission for 3–6 years. A patient with guttate psoriasis who was initially resistant to adalimumab and etanercept was then managed with methotrexate. An adult female, maintained on infliximab infusions for a decade, is currently in remission.

Conclusion:

Genetic factors can influence treatment response. Data from larger datasets can support genetic research to personalize biological treatments.
Infiltrative Squamocellular Carcinoma of the Forearm in a Patient with Uncontrolled Psoriasis: Impact on Microsurgical Flap Viability and Microcirculation
Authors: Sara Tamburello , Mauro Guido , Mori Francesco , Giulio Menichini
Published: December 2024

Psoriasis vulgaris incidence in Italy is 2%–3%, 0.1% with severe forms with systemic erythema, risk of skin cancer, and hypercoagulation disorders. These patients are a challenging cohort for free-tissue transfer reconstructions. We present a 47-year-old woman with a history of generalized uncontrolled pustular psoriasis with an infiltrative squamocellular carcinoma of the forearm of 5 cm × 3 cm. We offered a reconstructive approach with vascularized fibular intercalary reconstruction of the ulna and a combined anterolateral thigh flap for the soft-tissue defect. The surgical outcome was complicated by incoercible vasospasm, arterial thrombosis, and free-flap failure. We decided to review the literature and formulate a therapeutic protocol to tackle the critical aspects of psoriasis impacting on free-flap viability before reintervention. Eventually, the outcome was successful. No article was available putting in relation to these two aspects. We believe this is the first article of its kind and would be a starting point for further studies.
Assessment of the Current Level of Oral Health Knowledge among Adolescents in Lucknow, India: A Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Pradhan Shreya , Saha Sonali , Yadav Gunjan , Dhinsa Kavita , Giri Soni , Sinha Shubham
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Adolescents are at a critical stage in life where habits formed can impact long-term health, including oral health. As valued members of society, it’s important to teach them healthy living. Poor oral hygiene, sugary diets, and neglecting regular dental care are common issues faced by teenagers, leading to problems like cavities and gum disease. Educating adolescents about the importance of good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing, flossing, and regular dental checkups, is essential for preventing future dental issues. However, limited research has been conducted on oral health knowledge among adolescents in India.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the current level of oral health knowledge among adolescents in Lucknow, India.

Material and Methods:

Seven hundred and sixty-four children aged 13–16 years, enrolled from 6 government and private schools in Lucknow, were randomly chosen to participate in cross-sectional research. Responses were gathered for the survey using a custom-created self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

Out of 27 questionnaires, only 2 items were statistically significant. In response to the “importance of teeth,” a significantly higher proportion of females (6.4%) responded as “appearance” as compared to males. In response to the “ideal frequency of cleaning teeth,” a significantly higher proportion of females (70.5%) responded as “twice a day” as compared to males. This finding was significant when considering gender (P < 0.05). Most of the youngsters (84.7%) were conscious of the connection between good dental health and general well-being. About 50.9% of the kids were unaware of undergoing any fluoride-related procedures. About 50.3% of respondents were aware that dental plaque can cause tooth decay, whereas nearly 53.4% of respondents were unaware of it. When asked to describe a dental sealant, roughly 22.6% of respondents were able to do so successfully, whereas 41.5% of them said they had no idea.

Conclusions:

Teenagers in Lucknow have inadequate knowledge, attitudes, and practices around oral health. Dental health education programs and other didactic activities should be designed to pique student’s attention and achieve societal acceptability as a top goal.
Infant and Child Oral Health Risk Status and Quality of life Correlated to Behavioral Habits of Parents or Caregivers: A Survey in Lucknow
Authors: Giri Soni , Saha Sonali , Yadav Gunjan , Dhinsa Kavita , Jaiswal Karishma , Dey Jerry
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of parents and caregivers about potential oral health risk factors and quality of life (QoL) in preschool age children (3–30 months). Infant oral health care is the foundation on which a life time of preventive education and dental care can be built up to help acquire optimal oral health into child and adulthood. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a special form of dental caries characterized by rapid progression on smooth tooth surfaces soon after eruption and has adverse effects on the dentition and quality of the child’s life. Further, the life of parents of children with ECC is also affected in terms of emotional and financial distress.

Materials and Methods:

The survey was conducted in 384 children aged between 3 and 30 months at various pediatric clinics in Lucknow city. The questionnaire used was divided into two phases: in phase I, evaluation of potential oral health risk factors was done using a self-administered questionnaire (information regarding infant feeding practice, children’s oral hygiene habits, and risk behaviors [e.g., sharing cutlery, tasting of baby food, nightly using of baby bottles with sugared beverages or sugared pacifier], and knowledge about caries) and in phase II, QoL will be assessed using early childhood QoL (ECQoL).

Results:

Data analysis showed that about 64.80% accepted that they share utensils with their child. More than half of respondents (53%) agreed to taste the food before giving to child. Furthermore, majority (91.40%) reported that children were breastfeeding. Furthermore, majority (87.70%) did not report the usage of dental floss for their child. Majority (40.70%) were reported to breastfed their child for 6 months to 1 year duration. Moderate level (61.9%) of oral health-related knowledge was observed. Mean child impact score, mean family score, and mean oral healthECQoL scores were significantly high among those who showed low level of oral health-related knowledge.

Conclusions:

It can be concluded from the survey that knowledge and awareness on information, health education, and health promotion are lacking throughout respondent parents, and this can potentially increase the oral health risk status of their children.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Rohitaka (Tecomella undulata) in the Management of Shwetpradar w.s.r. Trichomonas Vaginitis
Authors: Singh Neelam Kumari , Khuntia Bipin Bihari , Das Arun Kumar
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Trichomonas vaginitis (TV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections found in day-to-day practice and caused by protozoa. It increases the risk of complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, human immunodeficiency virus, cervical cancer, and infertility. Based on high prevalence, risk factors, increased complication, and antibiotic resistance, there is a need to develop an alternative effective treatment. It shares many characteristics with Kaphaj yonivyapada (KY) described in Ayurvedic texts. The classical text describes the usage of Rohitaka moola Kalka along with water in Shwetpradar.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Rohitaka mula churna (RC) (Tecomella undulata) in managing KY.

Material and Methods:

A total of 100 patients were selected randomly, among the women having Yonigata shweta–picchilstrava, vulval itching, and symptoms and signs of TV. RC 3 g twice daily was given to 50 patients for 15 days, and the remaining 50 participants received metronidazole (M) tablets 200 mg thrice daily for 7 days as a standard control drug. Subjective and objective parameters scores were used to compare the results before and after therapy.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 32.92 ± 2.3 years. In the trial group, 6% of individuals showed mild improvement, 66% of participants showed moderate improvement, and 28% of participants showed marked improvement. In the control group, most patients (78%) experienced moderate improvement, followed by mild improvement (16%), and finally, marked improvement in symptoms and signs was seen by 6% of people. The trial group had a significant effect on the consistency of discharge, itching, and inflammation of the vagina compared to the control group. Over 68.98% of relief was found in the trial group across all assessing parameters, compared to 60.20% in the control group across all assessing parameters.

Conclusions:

A highly significant (P < 0.001) effect was observed in both the trial and control group on the parameter odor, dyspareunia, burning micturition, cervix congestion, strawberry appearance, and punctate hemorrhagic spot. During the follow-up period, no recurrence of symptoms and adverse drug reactions was observed. RC was clinically equally effective compared to the standard drugs in managing the signs and symptoms of KY.
The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/PASP ratio’s accuracy and validity in assessing the right ventricular function: A narrative review
Authors: Sercelik Alper , Askin Lutfu
Published: December 2024

The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (transthoracic apical two-chamber stretch) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ratio is a measure of cardiac function that is used to assess left ventricular systolic function. PASP is typically measured using a catheterization procedure, in which a small tube is inserted into a blood vessel and advanced to the pulmonary artery. A TAPSE/PASP ratio higher than 0.36 mm/mmHg has been shown in several studies to be a good sign of normal or generally well-maintained right ventricular function. It is important to note that the TAPSE/PASP ratio should be interpreted in the context of other clinical findings and should not be used as the sole indicator of cardiac function. A decrease in the TAPSEpulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) ratio (i.e., (RV)-arterial uncoupling), which quantitatively depicts the function of the RV, was detected in patients with heart failure. In pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, TAPSE/PASP is linked to hemodynamics and functional class. In diseases impacting right cardiac function, the TAPSE/PASP may also be beneficial. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how the TAPSE/PASP impacts how the (RV) functions. We believe that this is the first review on the topic written.
Predictive value of gemstone spectral imaging for chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer liver metastases: A retrospective study
Authors: Ning Hou-Fa , Qin Yun-Long , Yue Kui-Tao , Wang Shuai , Shao Wei-Guang , Wang Guang-Zhi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Accurate and timely assessment of tumor response after chemotherapy is crucial in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) for early assessment of chemotherapy responses in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM).

Materials and Methods:

From October 2012 to October 2018, 46 patients (28 males and 18 females) with CRCLM received GSI followed by chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into a response group (n = 32) and a nonresponse group (n = 14) according to the tumor response to chemotherapy. The iodine concentration images and virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) with an optimal contrast-to-noise ratio at the arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PVP) were obtained by GSI viewer. The iodine concentration value and computed tomography (CT) value on VMIs and slope of spectral attenuation curves of all lesions were compared. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictor of chemotherapy response.

Results:

The difference of extrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.001), CT value on 68 keV VMIs at the AP (P = 0.005) and PVP (P = 0.001), slope of CT value attenuation curves at the AP (P = 0.013) and PVP (P = 0.001), and iodine concentration value at PVP (P = 0.003) between the response and nonresponse groups were statistically significant. The CT value of the 68 keV VMIs (OR: 1.206; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.021–1.425, P = 0.027) and the iodine concentration value at PVP (OR: 1.952; 95% CI: 1.034–3.684, P = 0.039) were independent prognostic factors for predicting chemotherapy response.

Conclusion:

Baseline GSI may help predict the response to chemotherapy and provide a good tumor-response indicator through single-energy CT value of 68 keV at the PVP and iodine concentration.
Comparison of choroidal thickness and lens thickness among subtypes of angle-closure disease
Authors: Yeluguri Sai Lakshmi Suvarna , Thulasidas Mithun , Sasidharan Ajita , Prabu V. Rajesh , Shanker M. Prabhu
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate choroidal thickness and lens thickness among various subtypes of angle-closure disease and compare it with healthy controls.

Methods:

This observational comparative study was conducted between June 2023 and February 2024 at our eye hospital, including eyes with subtypes of angle-closure disease and healthy controls. Lens thickness was measured using an automated optical biometer, and choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in the subtypes of angle-closure disease and healthy control subjects.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-four eyes were enrolled, including 93 angle-closure disease eyes and 31 healthy eyes. The mean choroidal thickness was significantly higher in angle-closure subtypes than healthy controls (247.19 ± 40.97 μm, 318.81 ± 24.81 μm, 383.81 ± 53.06 μm, and 173.65 ± 28.19 μm in primary angle-closure [PAC] suspect, PAC, PAC glaucoma, and healthy controls, respectively [P < 0.001]). The mean lens thickness was higher in angle-closure disease compared to the control group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Increased choroidal thickness might be another anatomic characteristic of PAC eyes along with increased lens thickness. This finding may support the hypothesis that choroidal enlargement plays a part in the development of PAC disease.
Continuous wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation versus MicroPulse (MP-TLT) in patients with blind and painful eyes with absolute glaucoma
Authors: Ling Yang , Perdomo Juan Carlos Medina , Hua Sun Li , Ping Zhu Xin , Chao Han
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation constitutes a treatment alternative to increase the quality of life in patients with blind and painful eyes with absolute glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective comparative study was carried out in patients with absolute glaucoma of any etiology with the aim of comparing the effectiveness and safety of MicroPulse transscleral laser therapy (MP-TLT) versus continuous wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in eyes of patients with absolute glaucoma. A total of 104 eyes were studied and two groups were formed: 52 treated with CW and 52 eyes treated with MP. Baseline characteristics (number, proportions, mean, and standard deviation) were summarized and compared between the two groups using the Chi-square test.

Results:

Mean pain was 4.5 out of 10 for the group treated with CW and 5.75 for the group treated with MP. In the CW group, the success rate was 75.0% (P = 0.001); for MP, it was 70.8% (P = 0.002). A decrease in the number of topical antiglaucomatous drugs used was found for the CW group, from a mean of 2.9 eye drops ± 1 at the beginning of the study to 1.9 ± 1.2 at two years of investigation and MP from 3.1 ± 0.5 to 2.1 ± 0.5) and with acetazolamide (P = 0.001 and 0.002), respectively. Significant complications were in the CW group (hypotony in 3, 5.7% eyes, bulbar phthisis in 1, 1.9% eye, and corneal perforation 2, 3.8% eyes; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Both techniques reduced the painful component, being more stable over time with the use of continuous wave transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CW-TSCP), which showed greater long-term intraocular pressure control, and a higher success rate, but with a significantly lower safety profile due to the number of complications presented. The number of topical antiglaucomatous drugs and acetazolamide was decreased with both procedures.
Map-dot-fingerprint (epithelial basement membrane) corneal dystrophy: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Marcotte Emily , Fraiha Pedro , Fajardo Angela , Cheema Devinder , Darvish Mahshad , Burnier Miguel Noel
Published: December 2024

Background:

Map-dot-fingerprint (MDF) is a corneal epithelial dystrophy affecting the basement membrane that presents bilaterally or in an asymmetric manner. Clinically, it appears as opacities or fingerprint lines and histopathologically, microcystic structures, dot-like patterns, or basement membrane thickening are commonly described features.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study on 10 cases of MDF obtained from 9 patients between 2017 to 2018 from the MUHC-McGill Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory.

Results:

Following histopathological evaluation with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), and in one case Alcian Blue, a final diagnosis of MDF was reached in all cases.

Conclusion:

This case series aims to document MDFs histopathological characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest case series with histopathological diagnosis published, filling an important gap in the literature.
Study on corneal morphology and correlation between corneal thickness and serum uric acid levels in gout
Authors: Sharma Rishi , Kaushik Jaya , Singh Ankita , Saraswat Aatish , Goyal Sumit
Published: December 2024

Background:

Gout is an inflammatory metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of monosodium urate in extracellular spaces, especially joints. Its clinical characteristics include arthritis, nephrolithiasis, nephropathy, and tophi. Ocular tophi have been observed in the lateral canthus, upper eyelid, orbit, iris, anterior chamber, subconjunctival space, and cornea. Good visual acuity requires a transparent cornea with healthy endothelial function and stromal layer organization. Reduced corneal transparency in gout patients may be a result of uric acid accumulation in the stroma or endothelial dysfunction.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), morphology, and central corneal thickness (CCT) in gout patients compared to healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective comparative study was conducted on 70 eyes of 35 gout patients and 70 eyes of 35 healthy subjects without gout or any other systemic disease. Detailed ophthalmologic examination was followed by specular microscopy where ECD, average cell area (ACA), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonality ratio (HEX), and CCT values were recorded and analyzed in gout patients and healthy subjects.

Results and Analysis:

Mean ECD and HEX values were lower in the gout group than in the control group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002). CV, standard deviation, ACA, maximum cell area, and CCT values were significantly higher in the gout group than in the control group (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.007, P = 0.002, and P = 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between uric acid levels and CCT (r = 0.355, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:

The study and monitoring of corneal morphology in gout patients and the correlation between corneal thickness and serum uric acid levels over time may provide insights into disease progression and modifications in drug therapy. Hence, ophthalmic evaluation should be incorporated in the comprehensive management of gout, especially in patients with unexplained ocular symptoms.
Advances in Powder Metallurgy for High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Dewangan Sheetal Kumar , Nagarjuna Cheenepalli , Lee Hansung , Rao K. Raja , Mohan Man , Jain Reliance , Ahn Byungmin
Published: December 2024

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a revolutionary class of materials characterized by their multi-principal element compositions and exceptional mechanical properties. Powder metallurgy, a versatile and cost-effective manufacturing process, offers significant advantages for the development of HEAs, including precise control over their composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. This review explores innovative approaches integrating powder metallurgy techniques in the synthesis and optimization of HEAs. Key advances in powder production, sintering methods, and additive manufacturing are examined, highlighting their roles in improving the performance, advancement, and applicability of HEAs. The review also discusses the mechanical properties, potential industrial applications, and future trends in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of HEA development using powder metallurgy.
Fabrication of SiCf/SiC Composites with a BN Interphase Prepared by the Wet Method
Authors: Kim Kyung Ho , Han Yoonsoo
Published: December 2024

This study presents a cost-effective wet chemical coating process for fabricating a boron nitride (BN) interphase on silicon carbide (SiC) fibers, increasing the oxidation resistance and performance of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites. Using urea as a precursor, optimal nitriding conditions were determined by adjusting the composition, concentration, and immersion time. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed distinct BN phase formation at 1300°C and 1500°C, while a mixture of BN and B₂O₃ was observed at 1200°C. HF treatment improved coating uniformity by removing SiO₂ layers formed during the de-sizing process. Optimization of the boric acid-to-urea molar ratio resulted in a uniform, 130-nm-thick BN layer. This study demonstrates that the wet coating process offers a viable and economical alternative to chemical vapor deposition for fabricating high-performance BN interphases in SiCf/SiC composites that are suitable for high-temperature applications.
Design, optimization, and photometric analysis of white light spectrum generated by RGB LEDs using MATLAB
Authors: Nguyen Huynh-Tuan-Anh , Nguyen Quang-Khoi
Published: December 2024

We have applied MATLAB software to simulate the emission spectra and optimize the parameters in the simulated spectrum to obtain the highest similarity level between simulation and experimental spectra. Also, we have developed algorithms to determine the quantities of the white light spectrum, including correlated color temperature, output lumen, CIE-chromaticity coordinates, tristimulus values, and luminous efficiency of radiation. The optical model and developed photometric calculation algorithm were applied to study the effect of red light on the output white light properties. The result obtained indicates that MATLAB (version R2017b) is a helpful tool in the spectrum design of white light. Full Text: PDF References

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Daya Terima Biskuit dengan Modifikasi Tepung Biji Nangka, Tepung Kacang Merah dan Tepung Pisang serta Kontribusinya Terhadap Kecukupan Zat Besi Remaja di SMAN 3 Kendari
Authors: Wulandari Agnes Sri , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti , Abadi Ellyani
Published: December 2024

Agnes Sri Wulandari, Acceptability of Biscuits with Modification of Jackfruit Seed Flour, Red Bean Flour and Banana Flour and Its Contribution to Iron Adequacy of Adolescents at SMAN 3 Kendari, Siti Hadrayanti Ananda, Ellyani Abadi
Jackfruit seed flour, kidney bean flour and banana flour can be processed into various types of products that can contribute nutrients such as iron in adolescents who are in the growth period. One such product is biscuits. The purpose of this study is to determine acceptability based on organoleptic properties which include color, taste, aroma and texture which are tested with a questionnaire with hedonic assessment and its contribution to the iron adequacy of adolescents in SMAN 3 Kendari.This study is a type of descriptive research with a quantitative approach method in making biscuits with modifications of jackfruit seed flour, red bean flour and banana flour using a complete random design (RAL) with 3 treatments (70:40:40, 40:70:40, 40:40:70). Research on the acceptability test of biscuits with flour modification was carried out at SMAN 3 Kendari, while research on the nutritional content of biscuits was carried out at the Food and Drug Agency (BPOM) of Kendari City.The results of the study showed that based on the organoleptic results of the color, taste and texture of the most preferred biscuits were biscuits with A3 treatment (40:40:70) and the preferred aroma was biscuits with A1 treatment (70:40:70). The addition of jackfruit seed flour, red bean flour and banana flour in making biscuits has an iron content of 24,0 milligrams per 100 grams of biscuits. And donate 93,3% of the total daily iron needs of 16-17-year-old adolescents.Biscuits are recommanded to consumers to make these biscuits as an alternative substitute for snacks to meet the iron requirements of adolescents.further research is also needed into the manufacture of jackfruit seed flour, red been flour and banana flour as well as the shelf life of each flour.
Keywords: Biscuits, Jackfruit Seeds, Red Beans, Iron
Pengaruh Edukasi Keamanan Pangan terhadap Pengetahuan Pemilihan Jajanan pada Anak SD Kelas V di SDN 1 Landono Kabupaten Konawe Selatan
Authors: Stejiriawan Nur Iknal , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti , Abadi Ellyani
Published: December 2024

Food is a basic need for every human being to be able to carry out physiological functions. Safe food is food that is free from microbes, chemicals and dangerous substances which, if intentionally or accidentally consumed by humans, will not cause health problems. School children are the forerunners of the nation's next generation. At this age, children have lots of busy activities, causing them to need a healthy physical condition. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of food safety education on knowledge of snack choices in class V children at SDN 1 Landono. The type of research used is pre-experimental design research. This research was conducted on one group, namely the experimental group that received treatment. The population in this study were all students from classes VA and VB, totaling 36 people, the sample was 33 people. Research results: Knowledge of snack selection among fifth grade elementary school children at SDN 1 Landono before being given education had an average score of 12.21. Knowledge of snack selection among fifth grade elementary school children at SDN 1 Landono after being given education had an average score of 13.39. There is an influence of food safety education on knowledge of snack choices in fifth grade elementary school students at SDN 1 Landono with p value = 0.000. Suggestion: For the SDN 1 Landono School, it is hoped that this research can provide input so that the school can continue to provide education about choosing healthy snacks for its students. For future researchers, it is hoped that this research can serve as input and reference material for future researchers.