bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROPUESTA Y BASES JURÍDICAS PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE PAGO POR SERVICIOS AMBIENTALES PARA LA LAGUNA DE SONTECOMAPAN, MÉXICO
Authors: García López Tania , Gudiño Anaya Mayra Lizeth
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo hacemos una propuesta para la elaboración de un programa de pago por servicios ambientales (PSA) para la laguna de Sontecompan, Veracruz, México.Se definen y explica los distintos pasos a seguir para la elaboración de dicho programa, se construyen escenarios hipotéticos de conservación y se identifican, tanto a los beneficiados como a los obligados a pagar por estos servicios.Este tipo de programas todavía no cuentan con unas bases jurídicas muy claras para su desarrollo y éstas deberán estar en relación con el nivel de gobierno (federal, estatal o municipal) en el cual se encuentren los beneficiados directos por los servicios ambientales en cuestión.Otro aspecto jurídico a considerar y que se analiza en este artículo es la celebración de uno o varios contratos que reflejen las obligaciones de las partes. Hay una amplia gama de opciones disponibles y los detalles del contrato dependerán, en gran medida, de la naturaleza de las partes. Las transacciones de PSA a menudo implican un único comprador y múltiples vendedores. Otros tipos de relaciones pueden incluir a un solo comprador y un único vendedor o bien a un solo comprador y varios vendedores, agrupados a través de una cooperativa u otra institución que se ocupe de los problemas colectivos.En definitiva, este trabajo propone un instrumento económico en materia ambiental: pago por servicios ambientales, financiado por el sector privado y subraya los aspectos jurídicos para su correcta puesta en marcha.
Safe Conditions for Conducting Tests Using Ballistic Facilities
Authors: Gerasimov S.I. , Odzeriho I.A. , Gerasimova R.V. , Salnikov A.V. , Kalmykov A.P. , Yanenko B.A.
Published: September 2019

Understanding the physical and thermomechanical response of materials subjected to intense dynamic loading is a significant challenge that has a practical implication for modern engineering. Shock compression followed by expansion precipitates both reversible and irreversible physical and mechanical processes in the material. These processes include strong compression in solids, high heating rates, phase transformations, electronic structure change, work hardening, spalling. Methods and devices for producing intense shock loads can be subdivided into several groups. Presently, in worldwide practice, gun type launchers have gained the widest acceptance in studying dynamic compressibility, strength characteristics, and spallatation phenomena in laboratory conditions. In this type of facility, the launched body moves in a tube under the force of a compressed gas. The facilities differ depending on the gas used and the method of its compression. Specific features of the facilities impose certain limitations on the registration and format of the tests. Examples of determining the boundary between the interior and exterior ballistics, the influence of the launched body supporting elements and the conditions of safe testing at high-speed entry in fuel are considered in this work.
Small intestinal damage associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Moroz E. V. , Kryukov E. V.
Published: September 2019

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), even if short-term, may be associated to small intestinal complications, such as erosions, ulcers and chronic mucosal inflammation. Video capsule endoscopy allows for identification of such lesions in 20 to 55% of the patients who have taken nonselective NSAID for 2 to 4  weeks. The pathophysiology of NSAID-induced enteropathy is related to a reduced reparative potential of the mucosa and abnormalities of the microbial balance in the small intestine. In real world practice, NSAID enteropathy is commonly asymptomatic, and its manifestations, such as bleeding, perforation and ileus, are quite rare (about 0.3 episodes per 100  patient-years). The main manifestation of NSAID enteropathy is chronic iron deficient anemia. The use of rebamipide, sulfasalazine, mesalazine, and rifaximin has been discussed in the treatment of NSAID enteropathy, whereas its prevention implies preferential administration of coxibs, the use of rebamipide and probiotics.
FORMATION OF RISK GROUPS ON THE LEVEL OF HYGIENE AWARENESS AND MOTIVATION TO HEALTH-SAVING BEHAVIOR AMONG URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS
Authors: Zelionko A. V. , Luchkevich V. S. , Filatov V. N. , Mishkich I. A.
Published: September 2019

In modern conditions of the development of public health it is necessary to introduce organizational measures to improve the system of formation of hygiene awareness at all stages of the life activity. Purpose of the study is to determine characteristics of the shaping of medical knowledge and skills of health preservation in main periods of the life and substantiation of organizational and preventive measures to advance the system of informing and motivating to the health-saving behavior and to improve the quality of life. Material and methods. With the help of a complex study program among the urban and rural population (n=1710) characteristics of the formation of health-saving behavior were studied and organizational and preventive measures to improve the quality of life were substantiated. Results. According to results of the cluster analysis, subjects were divided into risk groups by the level of motivation to health-saving behavior (well-being, the relative and absolute risk). Periods of the formation of medical awareness were designed with account of leading determinant of the risk of stages of the life activity. A high level of hygiene awareness provides more favorable indices of the health and quality of life in urban and rural residents. Under the implementation of the discriminant analysis there were identified most significant indices of health-saving behavior under the impact on the quality of life. Conclusion. the study shows the insufficient efficacy of the existing system of the shaping health-saving behavior. At that health-saving behavior should be considered as a dynamic process that develops at stages of the life activity and on the life-support levels, with the priority role of health professionals in the formation of hygiene awareness. There was proposed the regional model of organizational and administrative activity, methods of the formation of the system of hygiene awareness and health-saving behavior recommended to be included as part of programs of the prevention of diseases.
HYGIENIC FOUNDATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF CULTURE OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Makarova L. P. , Buynov L. G. , Plakhov N. N.
Published: September 2019

In an article there are discussed some aspects of negative changes in the health status of children, adolescents and young people. Taking into account the literature data on the revealed relationship of this dynamics with the health culture of the younger generation, it is proposed to solve the problem of preserving and strengthening the health status of schoolchildren by forming a culture of a healthy lifestyle of students. There is considered the role of hygienic training of students of a pedagogical university as future teachers in the system of higher education. Its peculiarity is the presence of a double translation of the competence of health formation, which is carried out on the one hand, first by improving the hygienic literacy of students studying in a pedagogical college, creating favorable conditions for their life, study and work, and on the other hand, by education of schoolchildren by them.
DIGITALNI MEDIJI I DIDAKTIČKE INOVACIJE U RADU VASPITAČA
Authors: Mesaroš Živkov Angela , Mićević Karanović Jelena , Pavlov Srbislava , Brkljač Tanja
Published: September 2019

Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi da li vaspitači koriste digitalne medije u pripremi i realizaciji aktivnosti i u informisanju o didaktičkim inovacijama u radu sa decom predškolskog uzrasta. Korišćenje digitalnih medija je operaciono definisano preko upotrebe interneta, društvenih mreža, gledanja TV programa, korišćenja mobilnih telefona i kompjutera. Osnovni metod je neeksperimentalan - anketno istraživanje na uzorku. Ukupan uzorak je činilo 112 vaspitača. Uzorak je nameran i prigodan, što odgovara eksplorativnoj prirodi ovog istraživanja. Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da vaspitači koriste pojedine digitalne medije u pripremi, realizaciji i informisanju o didaktičkim inovacijama, što ukazuje na neophodnost razvijanja njihovih kompetencija u oblasti upotrebe digitalnih medija u vaspitno-obrazovnom radu kao i u cilju integrisanja novih informacionih tehnologija u predškolsko obrazovanje.
Presentación = Foreword
Authors: Sauca Jose María
Published: September 2019

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De incertidumbre no se muere. Un desafío no resuelto sobre verdad y conocimiento = Uncertainty does not kill. An open challenge about truth and knowledge
Authors: Marchese Elena
Published: September 2019

Resumen: La idea de certeza absoluta, típica del primer realismo alético, ha encontrado en la ley un hábitat ideal en el que se ha enraizado profundamente. La insostenibilidad epistemológica de esta noción, y el daño que ha causado a la reflexión jurídica, han sido denunciados de manera clara: tanto por Luigi Ferrajoli, como por la dogmática iusfilosófica que ha seguido sus ideas (los llamados «teóricos del hecho»). En este trabajo intento, por una parte, analizar la labor de estos teóricos, aportando elementos de reflexión sobre el tema de la verdad y del conocimiento judicial; por otra parte, también intento mostrar que la «rehabilitación» del realismo alético, en el ámbito jurídico, subsiste todavía como un problema abierto y lleno de interés para la reflexión filosófica. Traducción de Jorge Baquerizo. Palabras clave: verdad, conocimiento procesal, teóricos del hecho, Ferrajoli, realismo y antirealismo alético.Abstract: The idea of absolute certainty -typical of the first alethic realism- found an ideal habitat in Law and it rooted deeply into it. The epistemological unsustainability of this notion and the harms it caused to the legal debate were denounced clearly by Luigi Ferrajoli and the following scholars (i.e. the «fact-theorists»). This paper is aimed, on the one hand, at assessing the work of these jurists and provide food for thought on the topics of truth and procedural knowledge; on the other hand, it tries to show that the problem of the «rehabilitation» of alethic realism in the legal field still remains open and full of interest for the philosophical reflection. Keywords: truth, judicial knowledge, fact-theorists, Ferrajoli, alethic realism and anti-realism.
La discriminación racial o étnica: marco jurídico, formas y protección = Racial and ethnic discrimination: regulatory framework, forms and protection
Authors: Solanes Corella Ángeles
Published: September 2019

Resumen: El desarrollo de los instrumentos jurídicos internacionales y europeos relativos a la prohibición de la discriminación racial o étnica ha sido significativo en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, dicho marco regulatorio necesita un mayor perfeccionamiento e implementación que permita también combatir las nuevas formas de discriminación. En esa línea, este trabajo realiza una revisión crítica de la normativa internacional y europea sobre la materia y establece el estado actual de la cuestión. Desde ese análisis, para consolidar los instrumentos de protección del derecho antidiscriminatorio, se propone fortalecer los estándares jurisprudenciales y desarrollar la función de los organismos especializados para la promoción de la igualdad, con la finalidad de conseguir una lucha contra la discriminación racial o étnica que sea más efectiva y eficaz. Palabras clave: discriminación racial o étnica, derecho antidiscriminatorio, formas de discriminación, jurisprudencia TEDH y TJUE, organismos para la igualdad.Abstract: In recent decades there has been a significant development of European and international legal instruments related to prohibiting racial and ethnic discrimination. Nevertheless, this regulatory framework needs further improvement and implementation so that it can also combat new forms of discrimination. Along these lines, this article critically reviews international and European laws on discrimination and sets out the current state of the question. Based on this analysis, it proposes strengthening legal standards to reinforce protective measures against discrimination and enhancing the role of specialised bodies to foster equality, with the end purpose of fighting against racial and ethnic discrimination more effectively and efficiently.  Keywords: racial and ethnic discrimination, anti-discrimination laws, forms of discrimination, ECHR and ECJ jurisprudence, equality bodies.
“Desde el principio”: la quiebra jurisprudencial del autogobierno constitucional = ‘From the beginning’: the jurisprudential breakdown of constitutional self-government
Authors: Clavero Salvador Bartolomé
Published: September 2019

Resumen: La Constitución Española diseñó en 1978 un régimen de autogobierno mediante Estatutos pactados para el acomodo de los territorios más diferenciados. Los reconoció como nacionalidades dotadas de derechos históricos con título así precedente a la propia Constitución en el tiempo y así, virtualmente, en el derecho. Incluso se revalidaron constitucionalmente los referenda de iniciativa para acceso a la autonomía que se habían efectuado bajo la Constitución anterior, la de la Segunda República. De tal modo se constituyeron en 1979 el País Vasco y Cataluña. Fue un proceso que comenzó a torcerse pronto. El Tribunal Constitucional, apenas establecido, comenzó en 1981 una labor concienzuda de zapa de ese régimen de autogobierno. He aquí un caso de verdadera jurisprudencia o, por lo que resultará, jurisimprudencia preventiva. De esto se preocupa este trabajo. Palabras clave: Constitución Española, jurisprudencia constitucional, derechos históricos, pactos estatuyentes, bloque de constitucionalidad, conflicto catalán. Abstract: In 1978, the Spanish Constitution designed a system of self-government by means of negotiated Statutes for the accommodation of the most differentiated territories. It recognized them as nationalities endowed with historical rights and therefore with a title preceding the Constitution itself in time and also, virtually, at law. Even the referenda of initiative for access to autonomy that had been carried out under the previous Constitution, that one of the Second Republic, were constitutionally revalidated. In this way, the Basque Country and Catalonia were constituted in 1979. It was a process that soon began to be distorted. The Constitutional Court, barely established, began in 1981 a meticulous work of sabotage of such a framework of self-government. Here is a case of truly preventive jurisprudence or, as it would turn out, juris-imprudence. That is what this paper is concerned about. Keywords: Spanish Constitution, constitutional jurisprudence, historical rights, self-government covenants, bloc de constitutionnalité, Catalan conflict.
Interpretação preliminar da geologia e pedologia do Município de Gaspar (SC) para a formação de um mapeamento geotécnico
Authors: Massocco Narayana Saniele
Published: September 2019

O desenvolvimento das cidades no Brasil tem tornado intensivo nos últimos decênios e assim solicitando medidas de organização territorial e corretivas. Uma significativa ferramenta da Engenharia é o mapeamento geotécnico, pois está a ser empregada pelos gestores municipais para que o zoneamento urbano possa ser efetuado de modo consciente e planejado, dirigindo a expansão urbana para áreas seguras e com infraestrutura adequada. Este artigo apresenta uma análise geológica e pedológica do Munícipio de Gaspar (SC) para a formação de um mapeamento geotécnico preliminar, dando ênfase a área de construção do novo anel rodoviário no contorno sul, aonde será construída uma nova rodovia. O estudo resultou na construção de um mapeamento geotécnico com base em um mapeamento geológico e pedológico, e aplicação do SIG ArcGis10. Realizou uma análise das unidades geológicas e pedológicas a partir de 8 mapas fornecidos pelo IBGE, após o cruzamento dos temas geologia, pedologia foi obtido o Mapa Preliminar de Unidades Geotécnicas com unidades as quais foram definidas de acordo com suas características. O objetivo deste mapa, bem como o objetivo do trabalho é colaborar para a organização do território para futuras gerações em termos de vivência e infraestrutura.
Síndrome de Burnout em médicos residentes
Authors: Falcão Natalia Martins , Campos Eugênio de Moura , Simão Dafne de Albuquerque , Sena Nathália Silva , Ferreira Mônica Taynara Muniz
Published: September 2019

A Síndrome de Burnout caracteriza-se pela tríade de exaustão emocional, baixa realização profissional e sentimentos de desrealização. Objetivo: analisar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout e aspectos relacionados em médicos residentes do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio no período de novembro a dezembro de 2017. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo quantitativo e descritivo, com coleta de dados a partir de questionários estruturados aplicados com 158 médicos residentes. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o dispositivo SPSS 22.0, sendo realizados os testes do Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: os resultados apontam que 68,7% (101) dos residentes apresentam níveis elevados de Síndrome de Burnout. Através da Escala de Sonolência Diurna de Epworth, identificamos que 19,7% trazem como resultado índice muito patológico. Observamos que não há influência estatística significativa do sexo (p =0,637) e da especialidade (p=0,127) na incidência da Síndrome de Burnout e que não há associação entre portadores de Síndrome de Burnout Grave e índices elevados de sonolência diurna (p= 0,340). Conclusão: conclui-se que os médicos residentes apresentam grau elevado de Síndrome de Burnout e altos índices patológicos de sonolência diurna. Assim, faz-se necessário mudanças nessa modalidade de formação.
Determinantes gestacionais de transtornos mentais em crianças atendidas em hospital pediátrico geral
Authors: Ferraz Izabel Ester Inácio , Leite Álvaro Jorge Madeiro , Campos Eugênio de Moura
Published: September 2019

Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre fatores relacionados à história obstétrica materna e surgimento de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes acompanhados em ambulatórios de um hospital infantil. Metodologia: neste estudo transversal, foram aplicados aos cuidadores principais das crianças: termo de consentimento, formulário sociodemográfico contendo possíveis fatores relacionados ao surgimento de transtornos psiquiátricos na infância e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ), instrumento principal do estudo. O SDQ é composto por 25 questões divididas em cinco subgrupos de sintomas: comportamento pró social, hiperatividade, sintomas emocionais, problemas de conduta e de relacionamento com colegas. Resultados: após análise bivariada (qui quadrado e anova), concluímos que os fatores relacionados à gestação e nascimento considerados significativos (p < 0,05) para o surgimento futuro de transtornos de saúde mental nas crianças foram: se os pais estavam juntos ao nascimento da criança (p=0,042), se a gestação foi planejada (p=0,032), se a gestação foi desejada (p=0,038), se a mãe utilizou medicamentos na gestação (p=0,02) e o tempo de amamentação (p=0,013). Conclusão: concluímos que fatores da história obstétrica e características da depressão materna exercem impacto sobre a saúde mental de crianças pequenas.
Pycnogenol® (bark extract from pinus pinaster) uses in prevention and treatment of cardiopathies
Authors: Bezerra Lucas Soares , Bezerra-Junior Natanael da Silva , Santos-Veloso Marcelo Antônio Oliveira , Oliveira Fernando de , Chaves-Markman Ândrea Virgínia
Published: September 2019

Pycnogenol® (Pyc) is an extract from a plant bark known as Pinus pinaster. Some studies have shown that Pyc can prevent oxidative damage, inhibit inflammatory cytokines and be used in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to review the state of the art of Pyc in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The keywords “pycnogenol” and “cardiopathy” were searched on the PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Scielo and Bireme databases. Studies involving animals or with no relation to cardiological conditions were excluded. The findings in the literature point Pycnogenol® as a promising substance in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions, as well as in other medical situations. Some studies have showed benefits in reduction of antihypertensive drugs dose and collateral effects, better control of diabetes, and reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. However, these results were obtained from studies with small sample of patients, limited follow-up and important biases. Further studies such as larger clinical trials are needed to elucidate the real risk-benefit of Pycnogenol® on treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Ocorrência de hiperóxia em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto de um hospital universitário do nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Aguiar Lara Silva , Beltrão Beatriz Amorim , Aragão Natalia Linhares Ponte , Araújo Vitor Nogueira , Viana Júnior Antônio Brazil , Gomes João Gabriel Ávila , Peixoto Junior Arnaldo Aires
Published: September 2019

Objetivos: Hiperóxia é comum em pacientes críticos submetidos à ventilação mecânica nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) sem efeito benéfico e, em alguns casos, pode causar danos. Sua incidência varia de 16-50% nesta população. Este trabalho tem com objetivo estudar a prevalência de hiperóxia em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica da UTI do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio. Método: estudo observacional, retrospectivo, através da avaliação dos registros de pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto de um hospital universitário. Foram avaliados todos os pacientes adultos, submetidos à ventilação mecânica, internados consecutivamente, no período de março a setembro de 2017. Resultados: nesse estudo, foram analisados 102 pacientes internados na UTI submetidos à ventilação mecânica. A hiperóxia (PaO2>120mmHg) foi encontrada em 23,5% desses pacientes durante as primeiras 24 horas de admissão à UTI. Dos 102 pacientes analisados, 86 desses permaneceram na UTI após 72 horas da admissão e apenas 7% desses doentes continuavam com hiperóxia. Conclusão: os níveis de PaO2 nas primeiras 24 horas estavam frequentemente acima do recomendado. Esse fato justifica a necessidade de uma maior atenção a oferta adequada de oxigênio aos pacientes sob ventilação mecânica na prática diária.
Optimization of cultivation conditions for the production of phytate-degrading enzymes by Enterobacter sakazakii ASUIA279 isolated from Malaysian maize root
Authors: Hussin Anis Shobirin Meor , Farouk Abd El Aziem , Greiner Ralf
Published: September 2019

The production of extracellular phytase by Enterobacter sakazakii ASUIA279 was optimized using response surface methodology with full-factorial faced centred central composite design. Two sets of experiments were carried out to optimize the five most profound factors of the cultivation conditions in order to maximize phytase production. Incubation temperature, initial pH of the media and percentage of rice bran supplemented into the media were optimized in Erlenmeyer flasks while agitation and aeration effect were controlled in a bioreactor. This design reduced the number of actual experiment performed to optimize phytase production and allowed the study of possible interactions among the factors. In the first set of experiments linear and quadratic effect of initial pH was determined to be the most significant factor affecting phytase production. In the bioreactor both linear effects of agitation and aeration, were identified to be highly significant (> 99 %) in respect to phytase yields. Optimal phytase production was observed at a incubation temperature of 39.7 ºC, an initial pH of 7.1, supplementation with 13.6 % rice bran , 320 rpm of agitation and 0 vvm of aeration.
Espaçamento entre linhas e horários de colheita na produção de biomassa e teor de óleo essencial de hortelã (Mentha arvensis L.)
Authors: Silva Edgard Henrique Costa , Ferreira Tiago Alves , Guimarães Luiz Gustavo de Lima , Momenté Valéria Gomes , Nascinmento Ildon Rodrigues do
Published: September 2019

A hortelã-pimenta é uma planta cultivada principalmente para a produção de óleo essencial e biomassa, que pode ser influenciada pelas condições ambientais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de biomassa e o teor de óleo essencial de hortelã (Mentha arvensis L.) Sob o efeito de diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas nos horários de plantio e colheita. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e seis tratamentos em fatorial 2x3, dois espaçamentos (0,40 x 0,30 me 0,60 x 0,30 m) e três épocas de colheita (6:00 às 7:00, 10:00 às 11:00 e 16:00 às 17:00). As características avaliadas foram: clorofila total, temperatura das folhas no período da colheita (° C), biomassa fresca total das folhas (t ha-1), biomassa seca total das folhas (t ha-1), biomassa fresca total da parte aérea (t ha-1), biomassa seca total da parte aérea (t ha-1) e teor de óleo essencial com base na biomassa seca das folhas (% óleo). O espaçamento de 0,40 x 0,30 m foi superior para a produção de biomassa fresca de folhas e brotos (3,05 e 4,8 t ha-1, respectivamente) e biomassa seca de folhas e brotos (0,28 e 0 5 t ha-1, respectivamente). Não houve efeito no momento da colheita ou espaçamento no rendimento de óleo essencial.
Variation in Responses of Photosynthesis and Apparent Rubisco Kinetics to Temperature in Three Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Bunce James
Published: September 2019

Recent in vivo assays of the responses of Rubisco to temperature in C3 plants have revealed substantial diversity. Three cultivars of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), Holt, Fiskeby V, and Spencer, were grown in indoor chambers at 15, 20, and 25 oC. Leaf photosynthesis was measured over the range of 15 to 30 oC, deliberately avoiding higher temperatures which may cause deactivation of Rubisco, in order to test for differences in temperature responses of photosynthesis, and to investigate in vivo Rubisco kinetic characteristics responsible for any differences observed. The three cultivars differed in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (from 15 to 30 oC) at 400 µmol mol-1 external CO2 concentration when grown at 15 oC, and in the shapes of the response curves when grown at 25 oC. The apparent activation energy of the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco differed substantially between cultivars at all growth temperatures, as well as changing with growth temperature in two of the cultivars. The activation energy ranged from 58 to 84 kJ mol-1, compared with the value of 64 kJ mol-1 used in many photosynthesis models. Much less variation in temperature responses occurred in photosynthesis measured at nearly saturating CO2 levels, suggesting more diversity in Rubisco than in electron transport thermal properties among these soybean cultivars.
Using Pd Doped γ-Graphyne to Detect Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil: A Density Functional Theory Investigation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxing , Fang Rongxing , Chen Dachang , Zhang Guozhi
Published: September 2019

To realize high response and selectivity gas sensor in detecting dissolved gases in transformer oil, in this study, the adsorption of four kinds of gases (H2, CO, C2H2 and CH4) on Pd-graphyne as well as the gas sensing properties evaluation were investigated. The energetically favorable structure of Pd doped γ-Graphyne was first studied, including the comparison of different adsorption sites and discussion of electronic properties. Then, the adsorption of these four molecules on Pd-graphyne was explored. The adsorption structure, adsorption energy, electron transfer and electron distribution, the band structure and density of states were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the Pd atom prefers to be adsorbed on the middle of three C≡C bonds and the band gap is smaller. The CO adsorption exhibits the largest adsorption energy and electron transfer and brings obvious change to the structure and electron properties to Pd-graphyne. Because of the conductance decrease after adsorption CO and acceptable recovery time at high temperature, the Pd-graphyne can be promising gas sensing materials to detect CO with high selectivity. This work offers theoretical support for the design of nanomaterials based gas sensor using novel structure for industrial application.
Water and Sediment Budget of Casiquiare Channel Linking Orinoco and Amazon Catchments, Venezuela
Authors: Laraque Alain , Lopez Jose Luis , Yepez Santiago , Georgescu Paul
Published: September 2019

The Casiquiare River is a natural channel that connects two of the greatest rivers in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon in the South American Continent. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the hydrological and sedimentological knowledge of the Casiquiare River, including the first hydro-sedimentary balance of the Casiquiare fluvial system conducted at the bifurcation and at the mouth on September 9-12, 2000, during the expedition ‘Humboldt-Amazonia 2000’. Bathymetric, flow discharge and physico-chemical measurements were made at the inlet and at the outlet of the Casiquiare Channel. The main conclusions of this study indicate that Casiquiare is taking a significant proportion of flow (20 to 30%) from the Upper Orinoco basin to the Amazon basin. Throughout its 356 km-course, this chameleon channel undergoes significant morphological, hydrological and bio-geochemical variations between the inlet and the outlet, whose most visible witnesses are the increase in its width (3 to 4 times), flow (7 to 9 times) and its change in water color (white to black water), under the influence of tributaries coming from vast forest plains.
BODE Index Correlated with Charlson Comorbidity Index and Medical Burden in COPD
Authors: Chin Ling Li , Mei-Hsin Lin , Yuh-Chyn Tsai , Pei-Shiuan Chen , Lien-Shi Shen , Ho-Chang Kuo , Shih-Feng Liu
Published: September 2019

COPD is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Globally, due to continued exposure to COPD risk factors and an aging population, the burden of COPD is expected to increase in the coming decades. The BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity) index is a practical and multidimensional predictor for prognosis of COPD, and better than FEV1.We used the database of Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital medical center, Taiwan to analyze the correlation between BODE index, healthcare resource utilization, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). This retrospective study to collect COPD patients with complete BODE index data who had undergone a 6-minute walk examination in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. The medical cost and comorbidities database were analyzed from January 1, 2015, to August 31, 2017. Of 396 patients, 382 (96.5%) were male, with an average age of 71.3 ± 8.4 years. There was a significant association between the BODE index and the CCI of COPD patients (p < 0.001). Healthcare resource utilization was positively correlated with the BODE index during the 32 months of retrospective clinical outcomes: positively correlated with the number of hospitalizations (p<0.001), hospitalization days (p<0.001), hospitalization expenses (p=0.005), and total medical expenses (p=0.024), respectively. Our findings provide the crucial information for clinician to predict medical burden and comorbidities in patients with COPD by using BODE index.
NUMERICAL MODELING AS SUPPORTING TOOL FOR AQUACULTURE OF OYSTERS IN A SUBTROPICAL ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Fontes Roberto Fioravanti Carelli , Fey Jésica Daniela , Oliveira Ana Júlia Fernandes Cardoso de , Barbieri Edison
Published: September 2019

The Estuarine-Lagoon Complex of Cananeia-Iguape (ELCCI) is a large estuarine system dominated by mangroves, located on the southeast coast of Brazil (25Â° S, 48Â° W). Oyster farming is an important economic activity in Cananeia due to the natural abundance of oyster seeds originally found in its mangrove fields. The aim of this study was to describe the hydrodynamic aspects of the mangrove and oyster farming in the ELCCI by analyzing environmental scenarios using numerical simulations. Simulations allowed for the description of the distance of penetration of the salt wedge into the system as well as the direction and magnitude of the tidal currents. Higher values of river discharge corresponded to lower distances of penetration of the salt wedge, a feature which shows that the freshwater discharge and geomorphology together determine the variation in salinity within the estuary. Oysters are cultivated in regions of higher salinity and relatively stable conditions, with low speeds of tidal currents and little vertical variation in salinity. Under average river discharge conditions (450 m3.s-1), there is a confluence of tidal waves in Mar Pequeno, where velocity is lower. This change may lead to a higher sedimentation at restricted areas and thus to a higher depositionb of organic matter derived from oyster cultivations during flood tides.
ADHESION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA TO POLYSTYRENE, SKIN AND GUT MUCUS OF GILTHEAD SEABREAM, INFECTIOUS CAPACITY AND ANTIBIOTICS SUSCEPTIBILITY
Authors: Hamed Said Ben , Guardiola Francisco , Morcillo Patricia , González-Párraga Pilarga , Ranzani-Paiva María José Tavares , Esteban María Ángeles
Published: September 2019

Linking proprieties of adhesion, infectious capacities and antibiotic resistance of pathogen bacteria could help to treat fish diseases. Adhesions of ten fish pathogenic bacteria were tested in microtiter plates vacant, coated with skin or gut mucus, fixed with methanol, stained with 2% crystal-violet and revealed by colorimetric method. Infectious capacity was performed by exposing gilthead seabream fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) to 107-108 CFUmL-1 of pathogen bacteria. Cell viability was measured 3h, 9h and 20 hours post-infection. The sensitivity to antibiotics was executed by disk diffusion. Data showed that all the bacteria tested adhere to polystyrene. For skin mucus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Halomonas venusta, and Aeromonas bivalvium were moderately adherent. Dietzia maris was strongly adherent. For gut mucus, 60% of tested bacteria were weakly adherent and 40% were non adherent. For infection, D. maris, V. harveyi and A. bivalvium decreased the cells viability to 89% after only 3h. After 20h, the viability percentage ranged between 1% and 32%. All isolates presented resistance to 1000 mg ml-1 of sulphonamide, 60% were resistant to sulfonamide and penicillin G. Present findings could be relevant in fish aquaculture and underscore the importance of the linkage between adhesion, infectious capacity, and antibiotic susceptibility of pathogen bacteria to avoid fish diseases.
The Translation Analysis of Figure of Speech: Metaphorical Expressions in Galbraith’s The Novel Entitled “Cuckoo’s Calling” and it’s Translation “Dekuk Burung Kukuk”
Authors: Ernawati Dwi
Published: September 2019

This research aims to find out the techniques applied by translator in translating metaphorical expressions in the novelCuckoo’s Calling and to analysis the translation quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and readability in translating metaphorical expressions.

The analysis result shows that there are two types of metaphor, namely dead metaphor (42 data) and live metaphor (34 data). The findings show that there are four technique applied by the translator in translating metaphorical expressions. The techniques are: a) translating metaphor into metaphor with similar meaning and form (30 data or 39, 47%), b) translating metaphor into simile (adding “like” or “as”) (20 data or 26, 31%), c) translating metaphor into metaphor with similar meaning, but different form, (21 data 27, 63%), d) translating metaphor without keeping the metaphorical imagery (5 data or 6, 57%).
GENDER BIAS CONSTRUCTED IN FREUD’S CONCEPT ON HUMAN PSYCHO-SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT (An Analyctical Study based on Islamic Psychological Analysis)
Authors: Gumiandari Septi , Nafi’a Ilman
Published: September 2019

Ilmu pengetahuan adalah hasil konstruksi manusia yang sangat bergantung pada siapa yang menciptanya. Ia bukanlah tidak berjenis kelamin. Ia melayani dan menguatkan nilai-nilai sosial dan konsep-konsep yang dibuat oleh penciptanya sendiri. Ketika ia tergenggam erat di tangan laki-laki, maka bias dipastikan pengalaman perempuan tidak akan menjadi sumber pengetahuan. Perempuan hanya akan menjadi objek telaah penelitian, termasuk dalam konteks ini, ilmu Psikologi. Penelitian ini akan menelaah secara kritis konsep Penis Envy Sigmund Freud yang ditenggarai memiliki pola pandang yang miring dalam melihat keberadaan organ seksualitas perempuan, disamping menunjukan posisi perempuan sebagai the second sex (makhluk kedua) dalam pranata sosial masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa bias gender yang dibangun dalam konsep Freud tentang Perkembangan Psiko-Seksual manusia seperti (1) Anatomi adalah takdir; (2) Superego laki-laki berkembang lebih baik daripada perempuan; (3) Perempuan lebih mudah menjadi neurotik daripada laki-laki; (4) beberapa strereotip perempuan sebagai efek residu dari Kecemburuan pada Penis; dan (5) teori Oedipus dan Electra Complex. Penelitian ini penting untuk mengatasi mengatasi persoalan androsentrisme dan representasi perempuan dalam ilmu Psikologi, mengakui perbedaan cara berpikir dan berpengetahuan perempuan dan laki-laki, dan mempertimbangkan pengalaman hidup mereka melalui perspektif Psikologi Islam. 
Analisis Argumentasi dalam Isu Sosiosaintifik Siswa SMP
Authors: Rahman Deni Fauzi
Published: September 2019

Analysis of Argumentation in Socio-Scientific Issues of junior High School Students. The 21st Century Education focuses on the development of the competence in creativity, critical-thinking, communication, and collaboration. Based on that reason, the argumentation can be one of the solutions to answer this issue since it facilitates the critical-thinking and communication competences. Arguments can be used in socio-scientific issues that present open problems and debatable. The aims of research is to find out the quality of the argumentation on the socio-scientific issue through the plastic theme of the topic of pollution. Argumentation analysis using TAP (Toulmin's Argument Pattern) consisting of 6 components, namely claims, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttals. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the quality of the argumentation in the socio-scientific issues of junior high school students was still low. The low quality of argumentation is caused by the poor of students' concept understanding.
DESKRIPSI SAINTIFIK PENGARUH TANAH PADA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN: Studi Terhadap QS. Al A’raf Ayat 58
Authors: Zuhaida Anggun
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan maksud dari QS. Al A’raf ayat 58 dimana terdapat isyarat ilmiah yang menarik untuk dikaji. Allah telah menciptakan tumbuhan yang mana dapat tumbuh dari tanah yang baik. Isyarat Ilmiah yang disebutkan masih bersifat global sehingga perlu kajian yang lebih spesifik untuk mengetahui secara detail makna dari ayat tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pustaka yakni mengumpulkan  data atau bahan dari berbagai sumber ilmu yang diperlukan dalam menyelesaikan artikel ini. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa dalam QS. Al A’raf ayat 58 tentang tanah yang baik adalah tanah yang subur. Tanaman dapat tumbuh yang salah satu syaratnya yaitu adanya tanah atau media tanam. Media yang baik (subur) akan membuat tanaman tersebut tumbuh dengan baik. Kandungan mineral yang cukup dalam tanah merupakan pengaruh utama terhadap tanaman untuk tumbuh. Tanah yang subur dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti  mineral, kadar pH, kelembapan, lapisan humus dan kadar biota. Tanaman akan tumbuh subur pada tanah yang baik sehingga tanah yang subur tentu menjadi ladang rezeki bagi manusia. Deskripsi saintifik pada Al-Qur’an akan memberikan pengetahuan dari dua sisi ilmu yang berbeda (sains dan agama). Karena pada dasarnya ilmu yang ada di dalam Al-Qur’an sudah tidak diragukan lagi. Dengan begitu, manusia diwajibkan untuk menjaga kelestarian atau kesuburan tanah sebagai wujud syukur dan iman kepada Allah Swt atas apa yang telah karuniakan kepada manusia.
Strategi yang Dapat Dikembangkan Dalam Pembelajaran Laboratorium Biologi
Authors: Laelasari Iseu , Sari Nela Eva , Nuhaya Nailan
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa strategi paedagogik yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru ataupun dosen untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisensi pembelajaran laboratorium sehingga dapat mengembangkan autonomy dan kreativitas siswa serta meminimalisir anggaran dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan praktikum. Penelitian ini merupakan merupakan preliminary research yang didasarkan pada kajian pustaka dari enam jurnal utama dan tujuh  jurnal pendukung dengan tema kegiatan laboratorium. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa beberapa strategi yang dapat dilakukan sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran laboratorium diantaranya: (1) penggunaan demonstrasi virtual lab dan video digital, (2) pembelajaran laboratorium melalui pendekatan Mutasi Based Learning (MBL), (3) mengimplementasikan unsur kebudayaan lokal yang relevan dalam modul laboratorium, (4) menjelaskan pengalaman penelitian yang autentik beserta hambatannya dan (5) dan mengkombinasikan beberapa metode dalam kegiatan hands on laboratorium. Strategi pertama dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pelaksanaan kegiatan laboratorium yang dapat meminimalisir penggunaan anggaran, sedangkan strategi kedua sampai dengan kelima disinyalir dapat lebih mengembangkan autonomy dan kreativitas siswa dalam pelakasanaan kegiatan laboratorium biologi
Can programmed aging theory adequately explain sexual dysfunction among the elderly?
Authors: Mert Meral
Published: September 2019

The belief is widespread that elderly individuals simply become asexual as they age. Consequently, many caregivers and healthcare practitioners implicitly ignore or downplay the sexuality and sexual needs of the elderly. Although it is true that elderly individuals commonly experience sexual dysfunction, which may include a decline in sexual desire, sexual functioning, and ability to engage in sexual activity, most desire to remain sexually active into their older age, and many in fact do. This review examines the extent to which programmed aging theory, which holds that senescence and its associated physiological decline result from genetically predetermined lifespan, can be used to explain and evaluate the development of sexual dysfunction among elderly individuals. Although programmed aging theory usefully accounts for and normalizes inevitable changes in sexual function and ability, it ignores the psychological and psychosocial aspects of aging that affect the onset and extent of sexual dysfunction. Acknowledging these aspects of aging has led to interventions which have proved helpful in maintaining and enhancing sexual activity and wellbeing among the elderly. As the population ages and average lifespans increase, it is necessary that caregivers and healthcare practitioners are equipped to help their patients understand, manage, and adapt to age-related changes in sexual desire, functioning, and wellbeing.
A Rights-based Approach to Indigenous Sovereignty, Self-determination and Self-government in Canada
Authors: Reinders Kathryn
Published: September 2019

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) calls for the right to self-determination, as self-determination is a prerequisite for Indigenous people to recongnize their political, social, economic, and collective human rights. Canada has historically been unsupportive of UNDRIP as the federal government considers UNDRIP at odds with Canadian sovereignty and existing Canadian institutions. While the right to self-government is currently protected under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, it is defined narrowly and falls short of allowing meaningful self-government for the majority of Indigenous people.  This paper considers the conflicting nature of self-determination and self-government through considering the impact of Indigenous sovereignty on state sovereignity, an analysis of various approaches to self-government in Canada, and the feasability of adopting a rights-based approach to self-government. This paper concludes that utilizing a human rights-based approach to self-government addresses the perceived conflicts at the state-level while providing for the creation of meaningful self-government arrangements.  Self-government arrangements must be created by Indigenous communities for Indigenous communities in order to reflect the diverse needs of Indigenous people regardless of their territorial affiliation or formal Indian status.
Down but not out: Tourism in Scotland during the Second World War
Authors: Morrison Blake
Published: September 2019

On September 3rd, 1939, Great Britain declared war on Nazi Germany. The war would be long and drawn-out, affecting almost every aspect of Scottish life. Tourism in this time of crisis would undergo drastic changes but would not disappear entirely; like many other facets of life, it adapted to suit the radical new demands of the conflict. Scottish tourism during the Second World War declined from pre-war levels; however, it did not disappear completely, and despite adverse conditions, was able to thrive in certain areas. The promotion of local holidays, combined with the influx of servicemen from various countries, allowed Scotland’s tourism sector to continue throughout the war, albeit in a non-traditional manner. In this unique period of Scottish tourism, the Lowlands, instead of the Highlands, emerged as the main tourist destination. It is the goal of this paper to commence the study of tourism in Scotland during the Second World War and to add to the growing field of Scottish tourism history.
Characterization of adrenergic and purinergic contractile responses in rat mesenteric arteries and veins
Authors: Carter Rebekah , Ludwig Nathan
Published: September 2019

Norepinephrine (NE) and adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) are neurotransmitters released from sympathetic neurons that act to alter net vascular tone in the mesentery via activation of adrenergic (α1 and α2) and purinergic (P2X and P2Y) receptors. This study was designed to identify adrenergic and purinergic receptors in third order mesenteric arteries and veins in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Agonists and antagonists of adrenergic and purinergic receptors were exogenously applied to vessels and contractile responses were measured using computer assisted video microscopy. NE and ATP both caused contractions of mesenteric arteries and veins. The selective α1 antagonist prazosin attenuated NE-derived constriction of the vessels. The selective α1 agonist phenylephrine was a more efficacious constrictor of both mesenteric arteries and veins than the selective α2 agonist clonidine. The P2X/P2Y1 receptor antagonist pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2’,4-disulfonic acid (PPADS) caused a rightward shift in the ATP dose response curve in mesenteric arteries but not veins. These data indicate that the α1 adrenergic receptors are the primary adrenoreceptors mediating contraction to NE in mesenteric vessels. Additionally, these data suggest that the P2X/P2Y1 receptors mediate substantial contractile responses to ATP in mesenteric arteries but not veins.