bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping themes for the well-being of low-skilled gig workers: Implications for digital platform design
Authors: Arnoldi Emsie , Bosua Rachelle , Dirksen Vanessa
Published: June 2021

Platform-based work and corresponding business models are redefining the work landscape. The rapid growth in digital platforms has prospered since the start of the pandemic, enabling various service-based gig work tasks such as Amazon, Uber and Deliveroo. Currently, there is scant literature that examines the well-being of gig workers in the platform economy. In this article, we reflect on the well-being of one category of gig workers, low-skilled service-based gig workers. These workers are often migrants or transient workers who face barriers to enter the job market in a foreign country, need a job to generate an income for the family, often transition between jobs or wish to conduct flexible, temporary gigs afforded by many digital platforms. Informed by an overview of the literature and the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) definition of well-being, our study supports the notion that precarity leads to compromised worker well-being. As a consequence, we identify four themes for gig worker well-being that can be incorporated in the design of platforms to improve the well-being of low-skilled service-based workers: (1) regulatory aspects and contracts to protect the worker, (2) job-related appraisal and reward systems, (3) feeling connected in a work-related social network and (4) algorithmic control and organization of tasks and work. Our study opens discourse on digital platform worker well-being, suggesting improvements to digital platform design to support worker well-being for service-based gig workers and potentially all forms of gig work.
Probable sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults: results from the FIBRA study
Authors: Cipolli Gabriela Cabett , Aprahamian Ivan , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Falcão Deusivania Vieira Silva , Cachioni Meire , Melo Ruth Calderia de , Batistoni Samila Sathler Tavares , Neri Anita Liberaleso , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Background: The link between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment has not yet been thoroughly evaluated, especially among older adults. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in two Brazilian cities. Methods: Probable sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP2 (2018) criteria. Thus, participants were classified as probably having sarcopenia if they had SARC-F (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls) ≥4 points and low grip strength. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), verbal fluency (VF) and clock drawing test (CDT). Results: In a sample of 529 older adults (mean age 80.8±4.9 years; mean education 4.2±3.67 years; 70.1% women), 27.3% of the participants had SARC-F≥4, 38.3% had low grip strength and 13.6% were classified as probable sarcopenia cases. After adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, education, depression, diabetes, hypertension, leisure-time physical activity and obesity), probable sarcopenia was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 2.52; 95%CI 1.42‒4.47; p=0.002) and in VF (OR 2.17; 95%CI 1.17‒4.01; p=0.014). Low grip strength was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.18‒2.82; p=0.006) and in the CDT (OR 1.79; 95%CI 1.18‒2.73; p=0.006). SARC-F scores were found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.18‒3.06; p=0.008). Conclusion: The results suggested that probable sarcopenia and its components present a significant association with cognitive deficits among community-dwelling older adults. Future longitudinal studies will further explore the causal relationship.
Abnormal eye movements in parkinsonism: a historical view
Authors: Ko Tereza , Brenner Augusto Mädke , Monteiro Nicholas Pili , Debastiani Mariana Severo , Nesello Alberto Chitolina , Hilbig Arlete
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD), known since ancient times as paralysis agitans, was studied and described by James Parkinson in 1817 in his work “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy”. Fifty years later, Charcot and his students delved into the disease, naming it as we know it today, as well as defining the classic disease and its variants. One of these students, Arthur Dutil, addressed patients’ abnormal eye movements. Nowadays, it is known that the differential diagnosis of PD is relevant for prognosis, treatment and research, and, despite the advances in the area, it remains largely clinical. The relevance of the eye movement exam has grown along with the history of PD and it has proved to be an excellent tool for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Additionally, it can become a support to identify different types of genetic PD and be useful for improving early recognition of cognitive decline in patients with PD.
Tarsal villonodular tenosynovitis (giant cell tumor of tendon sheath) in a dog
Authors: Daoualibi Yasmin , Pohl Camila Blanco , Kemper Regina Tose , Rolemberg Kahena Morais , Demeulemeester Stéphanie Christine , Bandinelli Marcele Bettim , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT: A 12-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with lameness, pain, and an enlarged, non-ulcerated, nodular mass in the region proximal to the tarsal joint of the right pelvic limb. Surgical excision was performed, revealing a 6.5 cm mass adherent to the deep flexor tendon and adjacent tissues. The cut section had cysts filled with blackened clotted material, which exuded reddish serous fluid. Microscopically, the cysts were filled with red blood cells and were either denuded or covered by synoviocytes. In addition, the mass was characterized by marked fibrovascular connective tissue associated with siderophages and multinucleated giant cells. These findings were consistent with those of pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis, a rare condition affecting several animal species and humans.
Episode of Hepatitis C viral infection in the people of Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Rahat M. A. , Israr M. , Hassan I. , Islam M. , -ud-Din A. , Ali A. , Khan M. I. , Iqbal M. S. , Jabeen H. , Rasool A. , Akbar F. , Khan M. A. A. , Ullah N. , Ali R. , Nasar M. , Shah M.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Infectious agents cause serious diseases in humans worldwide and are responsible for the high rate of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and epidemiology of infectious disease (HCV) in the hospital visited patients referred by the physicians through the initial findings and their associated risk factors were studied in Swat. The data of 174 infected patients were collected during the period of 2015 to 2017 from two clinical laboratories of Tehsil Matta Swat. Inform consent form was taken before blood collection. After taking informed consent blood samples were collected and ICT test was performed and then ICT positive cases were conform through PCR. A total of 174 ICT positive samples [106 male and 68 females] were included in this study. Age was considered from 10 to 72 years. Of the 174 ICT strip positive, 99 [63 males, 36 females] were confirmed through PCR. The prevalence rate was recorded 56.89%. I.V/I.M injection was recorded in 100% of the individuals. Visits to the barber shop was reported in (58%) of the individuals, married individuals were (81.0), surgical operation was reported in (44.8%), sharing toothbrush was observed in (29.9%), piercing was reported in (39.7%), family history was reported in (26.4%), dental treatment was observed in (21.8%), jaundice were (13.2%) and tattooing was (1.7%). Blood transfusion, surgical operations, Jaundice, family history and dental treatment were found significant risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. It was concluded that proper implementation of precautionary measures should be needed to control the spread of HCV in far near future.
The introduction of Physa acuta (Gastropoda: Physidae) on Ilha Grande, Southeast Brazil, from initial stages to an established population
Authors: Miyahira I. C. , Gonçalves I. C. B. , Lacerda L. E. M. , Ximenes R. F. , Santos S. B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract This study presents a four-year follow-up of an introduced population of Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, from initial stages to an established population. This introduction occurred on a small impacted stream of Vila do Abraão, the main village of Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The population size increased during the study, and presented a relationship to environmental factors, especially with rainfall. On the initial stages of introduction prevailed the smaller specimens, but on the overall, predominated the intermediate size classes. After less than a year, P. acuta becomes established on this stream and was possibly affecting the other species found on the stream. The information presented here is useful to understand the invasion process of invasive snails, as well as directing conservation efforts.
Toll-like receptor 9 polymorphisms in brazilian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study
Authors: Barbosa L. M. , Santiago M. B. , Moretto V. T. , Athanazio D. , Takahashi D. , Reis E. G. , Lopes M. , Lemaire D. , Reis M. G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an important component of the innate immune system and have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphisms in TLR9 gene in a Brazilian SLE patients group and their association with clinical manifestation, particularly Jaccoud’s arthropathy (JA). We analyzed DNA samples from 204 SLE patients, having a subgroup of them presenting JA (n=24). A control group (n=133) from the same city was also included. TLR9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−1237 C>T and +2848 G>A) were identified by sequencing analysis. The TLR9 gene genotype frequency was similar both in SLE patients and the control group. In the whole SLE population, an association between the homozygosis of allele C at position −1237 with psychosis and anemia (p < 0.01) was found. Likewise, the homozygosis of allele G at position +2848 was associated with a discoid rash (p < 0.05). There was no association between JA and TLR9 polymorphisms. These data show that TLR9 polymorphisms do not seem to be a predisposing factor for SLE in the Brazilian population, and that SNPs are not associated with JA.
Intraocular pressure and pupil diameter in healthy cats anesthetized with isoflurane and pre-medicated with isolated acepromazine or in combination with tramadol
Authors: Rodrigues B.E. , Ribeiro A.P. , Amorim T.M. , Perotto A.B. , Mendes M.A. , Guimarães L.D.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine changes on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy cats anesthetized with isoflurane, and premedicated with acepromazine alone or in combination with tramadol. Thirty cats were allocated in two groups (n=15/each) and were treated with acepromazine (AG) or acepromazine/tramadol (ATG). PD and IOP were assessed before and following 30 (PM1), and 40 minutes (PM2) of treatments. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, and IOP and DP were recorded (A10) at 10 minute intervals until the end of anesthesia (A40). IOP decreased in AG and ATG, when comparing baseline with PM1. IOP decreased only in AG, in comparisons between baseline and PM2. During anesthesia, IOP did not change within and between groups. Comparisons between baseline with those recorded at PM1 and 2 showed that PD increased in the ATG. During anesthesia, PD decreased significantly in AG and ATG. Both protocols maintained the IOP within the reference range to perform corneal or intraocular surgery in healthy cats but did not sustain pre-anesthetic pupil dilation observed in ATG.
Yellow grease in sheep diets: intake and digestibility
Authors: Rêgo A.C. , Oliveira C.S.B. , Afonso L.E.F. , Azevedo J.C. , Machado Neto O.R. , Monteiro E.M.M. , Domingues F.N. , Faturi C.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of yellow grease supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Twenty Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 95 ± 10 d and body weight of 19.29 ± 3.17kg were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The diets were supplemented with oil at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 gkg-1 of dry matter (DM) of the concentrate. The diets were based on roughage and concentrate (50:50). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included 14 adaptation days and five collection days for the total supplied diet, orts, feces, and urine. Supplementation with yellow grease had no significant effect on the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). However, the ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly with supplementation of yellow grease. Moreover, no effect was observed for DM, CP, NDF, and NFC digestibility and nitrogen balance. EE digestibility increased linearly with the yellow grease dietary supplementation. Thus, sheep dietary supplementation with yellow grease may be used at a level of up to 80 gkg-1 of DM of concentrate without impairing nutrient intake and digestibility.
Morphological and molecular diagnosis of diseases of free-ranging crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous)
Authors: Uzai G.J.S. , Monteiro C.P. , Soares R. , Silva M.A. , Oliveira A.R. , Santos D.O. , Santos R.L. , Nunes L.C.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of diseases in free-ranging wild canids that were roadkill on highways in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. PCR tests were performed for the detection of Brucella sp., Babesia sp., Rangelia sp., and Hepatozoon sp. in the spleen. Morphological evaluation and identification of parasites was performed in the liver and lung. Twenty specimens of C. thous were necropsied at the Animal Pathology Sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Tissue samples were processed for histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. There was no PCR amplification of genomic DNA sequences of Brucella sp., Babesia sp., Rangelia sp., and Hepatozoon sp. using DNA extracted from the spleen as template. Histologically, lesions associated with parasitism by Platynosomum sp. and Angiostrongylus sp. were observed in the liver and lung, respectively. This is the first report of Platynosomum sp. and Angiostrongylus sp. parasitism in C. thous in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Therefore, this study demonstrated parasitism of crab-eating foxes by Platynosomum sp. and Angiostrongylus sp. Importantly, no evidence of infection with Brucella sp., Babesia sp., Rangelia sp., and Hepatozoon sp. was obtained by PCR analysis.
Morphogenetic, structural and production traits of marandu grass under nitrogen rates in Neo soil
Authors: Costa A.B.G. , Difante G.S. , Campelo B.A.M. , Gurgel A.L.C. , Costa C.M. , Theodoro G.F. , Silva Á.T.A. , Emerenciano Neto J.V. , Dias A.M. , Fernandes P.B.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Most sandy soils have low natural fertility and low levels of organic matter, making nitrogen (N) fertilization essential. Thus, five doses of N were applied (0, 75, 125, 175 and 225mg dm-³) in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the morphogenetic, structural and production characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in a Quartzarenic neosoil. The doses of N did not affect the height of the canopy. The leaf elongation rate, final leaf length and number of live leaves increased linearly at the doses of N. Leaf appearance rate, stem elongation rate, leaf lifespan, phyllochron, leaf senescence rate and tiller density showed a quadratic response to the rates There was also an effect of N rates in herbage mass, leaf mass, stem mass, which increased linearly. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivated in Quartzarenic neosoil requires higher doses of N, 175 and 225mg dm-³. Under these conditions, increases in its morphogenetic, structural and productive characteristics are observed. These findings may not be repeated in the most fertile soils with the greatest capacity to supply N.
COVID-19 no estado de São Paulo: a evolução de uma pandemia
Authors: Lorenz Camila , Ferreira Patricia Marques , Masuda Eliana Tiemi , Lucas Pamella Cristina de Carvalho , Palasio Raquel Gardini Sanches , Nielsen Lucca , Monteiro Pedro de Campo Mello , Trevisan Camila Martins , Yu Ana Lucia Frugis , Carvalhanas Telma Regina Marques Pinto
Published: June 2021

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever, de forma retrospectiva, os casos graves de pacientes hospitalizados e os óbitos relacionados à epidemia de COVID-19 no estado de São Paulo, desde a data do primeiro registro, com início de sintomas em 10 de fevereiro de 2020 até registros disponíveis em 20 de maio de 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado por meio da base de dados do Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência, mortalidade e incidência acumulada no período, estratificadas por faixa etária e agrupadas de acordo com cada Departamento Regional de Saúde. Os casos graves foram geocodificados para a análise de seu espalhamento pelo estado e foi calculado o R efetivo, que estima o potencial de propagação de um vírus em uma população. Resultados: Houve aumento significativo dos casos graves e óbitos registrados no período de um ano, e as taxas de incidência e mortalidade foram heterogêneas no estado. Os períodos mais críticos em relação à incidência de casos graves ocorreram entre maio e julho de 2020 e entre março e abril de 2021. Os Departamentos Regionais de Saúde de São José do Rio Preto, Grande São Paulo e Araçatuba concentraram as maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade. Os casos graves e óbitos foram mais frequentes nos homens e na população acima de 60 anos, e as principais condições de risco relacionadas aos óbitos foram cardiopatia (59%) e diabetes (42,8%). Conclusões: Espera-se que esses resultados ofereçam embasamento e possam contribuir para uma ação de controle mais eficiente da COVID-19, além de permitir o entendimento histórico de sua evolução no estado.
Demographic Assessment of the Sustainability of Small and Medium-sized Cities in the Russian North
Authors: Fauzer Viktor V. , Smirnov Andrey V. , Fauzer Galina N.
Published: June 2021

Since the dissolution of the USSR and advent of market relations, small and medium-sized Russian cities have experienced many economic and social problems due to their peripheral status. At the same time, they form the main framework for the settlement of the northern territories. The research aims to reveal the importance of small and medium-sized cities in the set- tlement system of 13 regions of the Russian North by studying their demographic dynamics. We examined the hypothesis that the demographic sustainability of these cities depends on the time of their formation. A proposed methodology for assessing the demographic sustainability of cities is based on five groups: demographically sustainable, relatively sustainable, unsustainable, critically unsustainable, instability. Four periods of the formation of small and medium-sized cities are defined: colonisation of the Russian North (1584–1917); industrialisation and urbanisation of the northern territories (1918–1959); from coercion to encouragement — northern romance (1960–1989); from settlement to abandonment — depopulation (1990–2020). For each period, the cities were assessed in terms of their demographic sustainability. The current sustainability of the cities was shown to be dependent on the period of their formation. Compared with the rest of Russia, the structure of settlements in the North revealed both similarities (concentration of the population in large cities) and differences (the proportion of the population living in small and medium-sized cities is higher, but lower in rural areas). Future research will focus on developing a methodology for assessing the «saturation» of small and medium-sized cities in the Russian North.
Kesultanan Banjar: Peranan dalam persebaran Islam di Kalimantan (abad XVI M - XIX M)
Authors: Miranti Alfrida Dyah , Ayundasari Lutfiah
Published: June 2021

Several theories and hypotheses suggest that Islam entered the archipelago around the VII century AD or XIII AD. Thus, the entry of Islam led to the emergence of Islamic kingdoms or often known as the Sultanate. In Kalimantan, there is an Islamic kingdom, namely the Banjar Sultanate. The Demak Sultanate influenced the process of developing Islam in the Banjar Sultanate. After getting the influence of Islam, the Banjar Sultanate government made efforts to Islamize several areas where the people were not yet Muslim with the help of local scholars. Since the arrival of the scholars in Kalimantan, the process of spreading Islam began to develop rapidly. On this basis, the purpose of the preparation of this article is to determine the process of Islamization in the Banjar Sultanate from the XVI M to XIX M centuries. The methods used are historical and qualitative methods, namely in the form of Library Research. This article contains about the condition of Banjar before the entry of Islam, the process of spreading Islam, and the ulama who played a role in the process of spreading Islam in the Banjar Sultanate.

Beberapa teori dan hipotesa yang menganggap bahwa Islam memasuki wilayah Nusantara sekitar abad ke VII M atau XIII M. Sehingga, masuknya Islam menyebabkan munculnya kerajaan-kerajaan bercorak Islam atau yang sering dikenal dengan Kesultanan. Di Kalimantan terdapat kerajaan Islam yaitu Kesultanan Banjar. Proses perkembangan agama Islam di Kesultanan Banjar dipengaruhi oleh Kesultanan Demak. Setelah mendapatkan pengaruh Islam maka pemerintah Kesultanan Banjar melakukan upaya Islamisasi dibeberapa wilayah yang masyarakatnya belum beragama Islam dengan dibantu oleh ulama setempat. Sejak kedatangan para ulama di Kalimantan, proses penyebaran agama Islam mulai berkembang pesat. Atas dasar tersebut maka tujuan dari penyusunan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses Islamisasi pada Kesultanan Banjar dari abad XVI M hingga XIX M. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode history dan kualitatif yaitu berupa Library Research. Artikel ini berisikan tentang kondisi Banjar sebelum masuknya Islam, proses penyebaran agama Islam, dan ulama yang berperan dalam proses penyebaran agama Islam di Kesultanan Banjar.
Using Social Determinants Screening/Mapping Tools to Identify Needs and Resources for Student-Run Free Clinic Patients
Authors: Dadlani Akanksha , Johnson Cooper T. , Fischbein Rebecca , Gardner-Buckshaw Stacey L. , Lee Amy , Boltri John M.
Published: June 2021

Background: Social determinants of health have been well accepted as contributing to health outcomes. They are a vital aspect of health care delivery and must be a consideration, especially among free clinic populations. Social determinants of health have also become a required element of medical school curricula. The Student Outreach to Area Residents Student-Run Free Clinic based out of Northeast Ohio Medical University piloted a student-led program that implemented social determinants of health screening and community resource referral as a part of integrated health care delivery for all its patients. Methods: We described the development of a screening tool, protocol, and creation of community resource referral materials. We also described the tracking of patient-reported needs and mapping of location and accessibility of community resources. One hundred patients were surveyed through convenience sampling, and results were used for program improvement. Results/Conclusion: After collecting and analyzing survey results, it was found that the 2 most frequently requested determinants were mental health and utilities services, and the most available community resource was emergency food services. We also mapped these results by zip code and found gaps between need and distribution of services. We demonstrated the utility of mapping to identify points of improvement for the future. We also provided lessons learned related to effective social determinants of health screening, community resource referral, and overall program implementation in student-run free clinics. We further explained the benefits of including similar student-led programs as a way for students to gain practical experience related to social determinants of health.
Early Universe Plasma Separation and the Creation of a Dual Universe
Authors: Al-Fadhli Mohammed B.
Published: June 2021

The recent Planck Legacy release confirmed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra, which prefers a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level exceeding 99%. In this study, the pre-existing curvature is incorporated to extend the field equations where the derived wavefunction of the Universe is utilised to model Universe evolution with reference to the scale factor of the early Universe and its radius of curvature upon the emission of the CMB. The wavefunction reveals both positive and negative solutions, implying that matter and antimatter of early Universe plasma evolved in opposite directions as distinct Universe sides, corroborating the axis of CMB. The wavefunction indicates that a nascent hyperbolic expansion away from early plasma is followed by a first phase of decelerating expansion during the first 10 Gyr, and then, a second phase of accelerating expansion in reverse directions, whereby both sides free-fall towards each other under gravitational acceleration. The predicted conformal curvature evolution demonstrates the fast orbital speed of outer stars owing to external fields exerted on galaxies as they travel through conformally curved space-time. Finally, the wavefunction predicts an eventual time-reversal phase comprising rapid spatial contraction that culminates in a Big Crunch, signalling a cyclic Universe. These findings show that early plasma could be separated and evolved into distinct sides of the Universe that collectively inducing its evolution, physically explaining the effects attributed to dark energy and dark matter.
Shortcut Faults and Lateral Spreading Activated in a Pull-Apart Basin by the 2018 Palu Earthquake, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Komura Keitaro , Sugimoto Jun
Published: June 2021

Our understanding of pull-apart basins and their fault systems has been enhanced by analog experiments and simulations. However, there has been no opportunity to compare the faults that constitute pull-apart basins with surface ruptures during earthquakes. In this study, we investigated the effects of a 2018 earthquake (Mw 7.5) on a pull-apart basin in the Palu-Koro fault system, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, using geomorphic observations in digital elevation models, optical correlation with pre- and post-earthquake satellite images. A comparison of active fault traces determined by geomorphology with the locations of surface ruptures from the 2018 earthquake shows that some of the boundary faults of the basin are inactive and that active faulting has shifted to basin-shortcut faults and relay ramps. We also report evidence of lateral spreading, in which alluvial fan materials moved around the end of the alluvial fan. These phenomena may provide insights for anticipating the location of future surface ruptures in pull-apart basins.
Cu (II) Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Metal-Organic Framework Material
Authors: Elewa Khaled , Belal Adel , El Monayeri Ola Diaa , Tawfic Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Copper is a heavy metal used in many industries and known for its negative impacts on the environment and human’s health. A novel structured metal organic framework (MOF) was used for copper adsorption for this work. SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR were done to confirm the structure of MOF prepared. MOF of 0.05 gm was used to examine its ability in Cu+ 2 removals with different initial concentrations of Cu+2 and pH values (5, 7 and 9). The prepared MOF was able to achieve Cu removal with 94.6%, 93%, 91.5%, and 92.5 % for the initial concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm respectively. It also performed very well for pH 5 and 7 with average removal ranging from 93.9%-95% for pH 5 and 7 for the initial concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 respectively which indicate that the prepared MOF is of high ability in Cu+ 2 removal.
On the Low-Lying Electronically Excited States of Azobenzene Dimers: Transition Density Matrix Analysis
Authors: Titov Evgenii
Published: June 2021

Azobenzene-containing molecules may associate with each other in systems such as self-assembled monolayers or micelles. The interaction between azobenzene units leads to a formation of exciton states in these molecular assemblies. Apart from local excitations of monomers, the electronic transitions to the exciton states may involve charge transfer excitations. Here, we perform quantum chemical calculations and apply transition density matrix analysis to quantify local and charge transfer contributions to the lowest electronic transitions in azobenzene dimers of various arrangements. We find that the transitions to the lowest exciton states of the considered dimers are dominated by local excitations, but charge transfer contributions become sizable for some of the lowest ππ* electronic transitions in stacked and slip-stacked dimers at short intermolecular distances. In addition, we assess different ways to partition the transition density matrix between fragments. In particular, we find that the inclusion of the atomic orbital overlap has a pronounced effect on quantifying charge transfer contributions if a large basis set is used.
Microorganisms Associated With Mosquito Oviposition Sites: Implications for Habitat Selection and Insect Life Histories
Authors: Girard Maxime , Martin Edwige , Vallon Laurent , Raquin Vincent , Bellet Christophe , Rozier Yves , Desouhant Emmanuel , Hay Anne-Emmanuelle , Luis Patricia , Valiente Moro Claire , Minard Guillaume
Published: June 2021

Mosquitoes are considered one of the most important threats worldwide due to their ability to vector pathogens. They are responsible for the transmission of major pathogens such as Malaria, dengue, Zika or Chikungunya. Due to the lack of treatments or prophylaxis against many of the transmitted pathogens and an increasing prevalence of mosquito resistance to insecticides and drugs available, alternative strategies are now being explored. Some of these involve the use of microorganisms as promising agent to limit the fitness of mosquitoes, attract or repel them and decrease the replication and transmission of pathogenic agents. In recent years, the importance of microorganisms colonizing the habitat of mosquitoes has particularly been investigated since they appeared to play major roles in their development and diseases transmission. In this issue we will synthesize researches investigating how microorganisms present within water habitats may influence breeding site selection and oviposition strategy of gravid mosquito females. We will also highlight the impact, effect of such microbes on the fate of females’ progeny during their immature stages with a specific focus on egg hatching, development rate and larvae of pupae survival.
Set And Its Operations
Authors: Garrett Henry
Published: June 2021

The kind of set which is based on edges, is introduced. The analysis on this set is done in the matter of operation which are the classes of graphs. The general notion which is related to this concept, is up. The set of edges is seen in the matter of common vertex, entitled neighbor edges and the set of edges which has specific condition on the vertices of graphs, entitled ghost set. The kind of viewpoint when the edges are up so the kind of efforts to assign some notions which get the sensible result of edges which make sense about these two types of notions. Notions of having some attributes about vertices concerning edges and edges' attributes to get result about edges in the matter of vertices.
The impact of overeducation on wages of recent economic sciences graduates
Authors: De Santis Mariana Olga , Gáname María Cecilia , Moncarz Pedro Esteban
Published: June 2021

According to human capital theory, wages are determined by workers' productivity, in its crudest form implies that return to education does not depend on how workers' skills are used. However, after controlling for other differences, the empirical evidence shows that workers with identical education can be paid differently. The literature has found young people are more likely to experience a mismatch between their formal education and that required for their jobs. While there is no consensus on the reasons for the mismatch, there is one on the consequences in terms of wages; overeducation means a penalty. Our evidence shows that overeducated graduates of the Facultad de Ciencias Económicas of the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba suffer a wage penalty compared to those working in a job that requires a university degree. The results are robust to different specifications and the use of alternative estimators. Even when not statistically significant, the penalty of a severe level of overeducation is higher than one for a mild level of overeducation; having had work experience while studying at university helps to reduce the cost of overeducation; women exhibit a similar penalty to men. While on average overeducation means a wage penalty, there is great heterogeneity among overeducated graduates, with those at the top end of the wage distribution experiencing a much lower penalty, or even a premium in some cases. Finally, while in the case of overeducation we find statistically significant effects, the same is not true of the horizontal mismatch in terms of knowledge.
Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Anticancer Effect of Falcaria vulgaris via Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Hosseini Kamran , Jasori Sanaz , Delazar Abbas , Asgharian Parina , Tarhriz Vahideh
Published: June 2021

Background: Apiaceae family is one of the plant families which used for medical investigation. Falcaria vulgaris is a clear example of this genus that grows in certain regions of Iran. In traditional medicine, due to the presence of coumarin and flavonoid compounds in this plant, therapeutic properties such as gastrointestinal and liver diseases, skin ulcers, gastric ulcers and intestinal inflammation have been reported. It has also been found that these compounds lead to cytotoxic effects. Objective: The aim of this study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis by various extracts and essential oil of F. vulgaris on cancerous cell (SW-872) and to identify the volatile compounds of effective samples. Methods: The shoot of the plant was extracted by Soxhlet apparatus and its essential oil was taken by Clevenger apparatus. The cytotoxicity of the samples was evaluated by MTT method and the mechanism of cancer cell death by flow cytometry and finally, the volatile compounds of essential oils and effective extracts were identified by GC-MS. Results: The results showed that n-Hexane extract and 40% VLC fraction had the greatest cytotoxic effect on SW-872 cells. While, the most abundant volatile compounds in essential oil and 40% VLC fraction of n-Hexane extract are terpenoid compounds like (+) spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, in n-Hexane extract tetradecan, and spathulenol are the most, respectively. Conclusion: In sum, it was found that the fraction of 40% n-Hexane is in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly with controlling cells, inhibit the growth of cancer cells. This effect is through induction of apoptosis and due to the presence of effective volatile compounds such as terpenoids and non-terpenoids which can be considered as the valuable natural sources for the isolation of anti-cancer compounds.
A New Approach to Prevent Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A randomized clinical trial of 25(OH) D Injections before Preterm Delivery
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Maamouri Gholamali , Saghafi Nafiseh , Nakhaei Mohammad Hosein Ataee
Published: June 2021

BackgroundVitamin D deficiencies have been suggested as one of the risk factors for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] administration in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery on the incidence of RDS in their preterm neonates.MethodsA single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on pregnant mothers with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks at risk of preterm delivery. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups by the corresponding author, including intervention (intramuscular injection of 50,000 units of 25(OH) D three days before delivery) and control (with no injection of 25(OH) D). Serum concentrations of 25(OH) D were measured after offspring, including RDS, were collected and recorded in a checklist. Short-term outcomes and the need for respiratory support were assessed by the principal investigator who was unaware of the type of intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired sample t-test, and chi-square test.ResultsDespite the homogeneity of neonates in the two groups in terms of gestational age, birth weight and the delivery method, 45% of neonates in the control group and 20% in the intervention group developed respiratory distress syndrome (P < 0.05). The mean 25(OH) D level in neonates was 17.7 ± 10.5 and 23.7 ± 13.5 ng/mL in the intervention and control groups, respectively.ConclusionsAccording to this study, a single dose of 50,000 units of intramuscular 25(OH) D in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery can reduce the incidence of RDS in the newborn.Trial RegistrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20190814044529N1. Registered 21st Jan. 2020, https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/41515/view
Influence of Vanadium-Chromium Carbide on the Microstructure of Reinforced FeCrV15 Hardfacing during Laser Cladding Deposit
Authors: Aramide Basiru Philip , Pityana Sisa , Jamiru Tamba , Popoola Patricia , Sadiku Rotimi
Published: June 2021

The increasing manufacturing technologies is a crucial aspect of industrialization. Laser additive manufacturing is the process of manufacturing using laser (heat) technology to manufacture component from scratch and or strengthening and modification of surfaces that are subject to abrasion. The combination of both Chromium Carbide (CrC) and Vanadium Carbide reinforced iron based hard facings have gotten progressively significant in enhancing the corrosion and wear resistance of tool subject to adverse abrasive and impact conditions. This study investigates the effect of vanadium-chromium carbide on the microstructure of the clad with respect to its laser processing parameters.
Anemia of Chronic Diseases
Authors: Kurkina Nadezhda Viktorovna , Gorshenina E.L. , Chegodaeva L.V. , Polagimova A.V.
Published: June 2021

Anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) refers to a group of anemias arising in various inflammatory infections, autoimmune or tumor diseases due to acute or chronic immune activation. ACD ranks second in incidence after iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Within the variety of pathogenetic mechanisms one of the primary ones is hepcidin synthesis in hepatocytes, which blocks iron absorption in the intestine and contributes to its deposition in cells of the monocyte-macrophage system. Besides, excessive cytokines in such diseases and pathologies lead to lower erythropoietin production which does not correspond to the severity grade of anemia. This results in impaired erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. The differential diagnosis should also specify iron deficiency type (the absolute one in IDA and the functional one in ACD). The effective treatment of the main disease and anemia correction speed up the improvement of patient’s status, rehabilitation, and quality of life.
Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary, Blood Gases and Clinical Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine and Midazolam-Ketamine Anesthesia in New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: YAVUZ Ünal , YENER Kerem , ŞAHAN Adem , DİNÇER Pelin Fatoş POLAT , HAYAT Ali
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine-ketamine and midazolam-ketamine combinations on cardiopulmonary and clinical parameters in New Zealand white rabbits. The DXK group (n=8) received dexmedetomidine (50 µg/kg) and ketamine (20 mg/kg), and the MDK group (n=8) received midazolam (0.6 mg/kg) and ketamine (20 mg/kg) in the same syringe through the intramuscular (IM) route. Before anaesthesia and for 120 minutes, reflexes, haemodynamic values and blood gas changes were monitored. It was determined that anaesthesia was induced within a shorter time and lasted longer in DXK. The difference between the groups in terms of the time of loss of the pedal reflex (2.0 min in DXK, 7.5 min in MDK) was statistically significant (p<0.05). It was observed that, in both groups, the heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR) and oxy-haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) values decreased, and the end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) values increased, but these changes were greater in DXK. With regard to arterial blood gasses, a reduction in pH and pO2 and an increase in pCO2 were also more noticeable in DXK. Consequently, at the doses applied, dexmedetomidine-ketamine caused more noticeable changes in the haemodynamic values and blood gasses in comparison to midazolam-ketamine. High-dose dexmedetomidine (50 µg/kg) and low-dose ketamine (20 mg/kg) achieved induction in a shorter time but led to a significant reduction in RR. It was concluded that the combination of midazolam (0.6 mg/kg) and ketamine (20 mg/kg) could be regarded as appropriate for the anaesthesia of New Zealand white rabbits.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Euphorbia peplus L. Phenolics
Authors: Mahmoud Ayman M. , Kamel Emadeldin M. , Ahmed Noha A. , El-Bassuony Ashraf A. , Hussein Omnia E. , Alrashdi Barakat , Ahmed Sayed A. , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Arab Hany H.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Various phenolics show inhibitory activity towards xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species which cause oxidative damage.

Objective:

This study investigated the XO inhibitory activity of Euphorbia peplus phenolics.

Methods:

The dried powdered aerial parts of E. peplus were extracted, fractioned and phenolics were isolated and identified. The XO inhibitory activity of E. peplus extract (EPE) and the isolated phenolics was investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

Three phenolics were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of E. peplus. All isolated compounds and the EPE showed inhibitory activity towards XO in vitro. In hyperuricemic rats, EPE and the isolated phenolics decreased uric acid and XO activity. Molecular docking showed the binding modes of isolated phenolics with XO, depicting significant interactions with the active site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulation trajectories confirmed the interaction of isolated phenolics with XO by forming hydrogen bonds with the active site residues. Also, the root mean square (RMS) deviations of XO and phenolics-XO complexes achieved equilibrium and fluctuated during the 10 ns MD simulations. The radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area investigations showed that different systems were stabilized at ≈ 2500 ps. The RMS fluctuations profile depicted that the drug binding site exhibited a rigidity behavior during the simulation.

Conclusion:

In vitro, in vivo and computational investigations showed the XO inhibitory activity of E. peplus phenolics. These phenolics might represent promising candidates for the development of XO inhibitors.
Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Analytical Methods
of Bilastine, a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist: An Update
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Hatware Ketan , Bhadane Prashant , Patil Kiran
Published: June 2021

Bilastine (BIL) is the new generation antihistamine that is used to relieve the symptoms of
hayfever, chronic urticaria and other forms of allergic rhinitis. Chemically it is known 2-[4-[2-[4-[1-
(2-ethoxyethyl) benzimidazole-2-yl] piperidine-1-yl] ethyl] phenyl]-2-methylpropane acid. The chemical
structure of BIL having a hydrophilic carboxylic substituent. BIL has a longer duration of action
due to its potent binding affinity to the H1 receptor. This review summarizes the properties, characteristics,
chemistry along with analytical and bioanalytical methods used for estimation of BIL from different
scientific articles. The literature has demonstrated some methods for quantification of BIL in
various sample matrix and pharmaceutical products. Frequently and extensively used antihistaminics
are in the clinic practice, a novel, effective, economic and safe analytical methodology is required for
routine quality control analysis, bioavailability, and bioequivalence studies. Furthermore, this narrative
review summarizes available data on chemistry, pharmacology and analysis of BIL in a different
matrix.
Gut Microbiota as a Link between Modern Lifestyle and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yi , Dykes Gary
Published: June 2021

It is established that the gut microbiota has a significant influence on Alzheimer’s disease.
In turn, both the disease and the microbiota are affected by biological variables associated
with modern lifestyles. Examination of the potential interrelationship among these three factors
and on the role played by lifestyles in gut dysbiosis-induced pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease are
limited. Deciphering these connections will provide insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic
strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, based on this trilateral relationship, various nonpharmacological
interventive strategies targeting the gut microbiota can be developed. This review
fills this gap by presenting the latest evidence for the modulative role of modern lifestyle on the gut
microbiota and its relevance to Alzheimer’s disease, with a discussion on the limitations of current
research and future directions.
Analysis of Social Determinants and the Utilization of Pediatric Tele–Urgent Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khairat Saif , McDaniel Phillip , Jansen Matthew , Francis Tia , Edson Barbara , Gianforcaro Robert
Published: June 2021

Background

Telehealth is increasingly used to provide specialty consultations to infants and children receiving care. However, there is uncertainty if the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the use of telehealth among vulnerable populations.

Objective

This research aims to compare the overall use of tele–urgent care visits for pediatric patients before and after the pandemic, especially among vulnerable populations.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of pediatric tele–urgent care visits at a virtual care center at a southeastern health care center. The main outcome of this study was the use of pediatrics tele–urgent visits across geographical regions with different levels of social disparities and between 2019 and 2020.

Results

Of 584 tele–urgent care visits, 388 (66.4%) visits occurred in 2020 during the pandemic compared to 196 (33.6%) visits in 2019. Among 808 North Carolina zip codes, 181 (22%) consisted of a high concentration of vulnerable populations, where 17.7% (56/317) of the tele–urgent care visits originated from. The majority (215/317, 67.8%) of tele–urgent care visits originated from zip codes with a low concentration of vulnerable populations. There was a significant association between the rate of COVID-19 cases and the concentration level of social factors in a given Zip Code Tabulation Area.

Conclusions

The use of tele–urgent care visits for pediatric care doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the tele–urgent care visits after COVID-19 originated from regions where there is a low presence of vulnerable populations. In addition, our geospatial analysis found that geographic regions with a high concentration of vulnerable populations had a significantly higher rate of COVID-19–confirmed cases and deaths compared to regions with a low concentration of vulnerable populations.