bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A role for neurokinin-1 receptor neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla in the development of chronic postthoracotomy pain
Authors: Khasabov Sergey G. , Wang Jeffrey Chi-Fei , Simone Donald A. , Strichartz Gary R.
Published: April 2017

Thoracotomy results in chronic postoperative pain (CPTP) in half of the cases. Earlier findings in rat models of persistent post-surgical pain suggest that spinal pathways are critical for pain onset but not its maintenance. Descending systems from the brain stem modulate nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord and contribute to persistent pain, but their role in chronic postoperative pain has not been studied. Here, we ablated pronociceptive neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R)-expressing neurons in the rat rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) to identify their role in CPTP. Cells were ablated by microinjection of the neurotoxin Sar9, Met(O2)11-Substance P (SSP-SAP), either 2 to 3 weeks before (“Prevention” condition) or 10 days after (“Reversal” condition) thoracotomy with rib retraction. Inactive Blank-SAP was the control. Tactile hypersensitivity was defined by lowered force thresholds for nocifensive responses to von Frey filaments applied over the dorsal trunk, and pain-like behavior assessed by the Qualitative Hyperalgesia Profile; both were followed for 5 weeks after surgery. SSP-SAP injection before surgery resulted in ∼95% loss of NK-1R neurons in RVM and prevented postoperative mechano-hypersensitivity. Blank-SAP was ineffective. SSP-SAP given at postoperative day 10 was equally effective in ablating NK-1R neurons but fully reversed mechano-hypersensitivity in only 3 of 9 hypersensitive rats. Fewer rats showed intense pain-like behavior, by Qualitative Hyperalgesia Profile analysis, in the Prevention than in the Control conditions, and the more intense pain behaviors declined along with SSP-SAP-induced Reversal of hypersensitivity. Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in RVM appear essential for the development but contribute only partially to the maintenance of CPTP.
Pilot Electroacoustic Analyses of a Sample of Direct-to-Consumer Amplification Products
Authors: Reed Nicholas S. , Betz Joshua , Lin Frank R. , Mamo Sara K.
Published: April 2017

Objective:

Recent national initiatives from the White House and Institute of Medicine have focused on strategies to increase the accessibility and affordability of hearing loss treatment given the average cost of $4700 for bilateral hearing aids. More affordable direct-to-consumer hearing technologies are increasingly gaining recognition, but the performance of these devices has been poorly studied. We investigated the technical and electroacoustic capabilities of several direct-to-consumer hearing devices to inform otolaryngologists who may be asked by patients to comment on these devices.

Patients/Intervention:

Nine direct-to-consumer hearing devices ranging in retail cost from $144.99 to $395.00 and one direct-to-consumer hearing device with a retail cost of $30.00.

Main Outcome Measure:

Electroacoustic results and simulated real-ear measurements. Main electroacoustic measures are frequency response, equivalent input noise, total harmonic distortion, and maximum output sound pressure level at 90 dB.

Results:

Five devices met all four electroacoustic tolerances presented in this study, two devices met three tolerances, one device met two tolerances, one device met one tolerance, and one device did not meet any tolerances. Nine devices were able to approximate five of nine National Acoustics Laboratories (NAL) targets within 10 dB while only three devices were able to approximate five of nine NAL targets within a more stringent 5 dB.

Conclusion:

While there is substantial heterogeneity among the selection of devices, certain direct-to-consumer hearing devices may be able to provide appropriate amplification to persons with mild-to-moderate hearing loss and serve as alternatives for hearing aids in specific cases.
Coeliac disease: further evidence that biopsy is not always necessary for diagnosis
Authors: Holmes Geoffrey K.T. , Forsyth Julia M. , Knowles Sarah , Seddon Helen , Hill Peter G. , Austin Andrew S.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Growing evidence supports the view that the diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) can be made by serological tests alone, although this approach is still not widely accepted. We previously showed in retrospective and prospective studies that in adults an IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody cut-off can be defined above which the positive predictive value for CD is 100%. Following a change in the analytical method for measuring the antibody, our objectives were to re-examine this finding in a larger series of adults to ascertain whether a diagnosis of CD can be reliably made in a proportion of patients without the need for small bowel biopsy and to re-evaluate the diagnostic guidelines used in our centre.

Patients and methods

A retrospective analysis was done in an unselected series of 270 adult patients who had small bowel biopsies and serum IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody levels measured from 2009 to 2014.

Results

At an IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody cut-off greater than 45 U/ml (>8×upper limit of normal+2SDs) the positive predictive value for CD in this cohort was 100%; 40% of cases were above this cut-off.

Conclusion

We have verified that a diagnosis of CD can be reliably made in a high proportion of adults based on serology alone using the IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody method specified. These results add to the body of evidence that small bowel biopsy should no longer be considered mandatory for the diagnosis of CD. On the basis of these results the diagnostic guidelines in our centre have been modified.
Scrotal Ultrasonic Features of Congenital Bilateral Absence of Vas Deferens
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Zhiqian , Zhou MingYang , Li Min , Zhan Weiwei
Published: April 2017

Objective

This article discusses scrotal ultrasonic features of patients with a congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD).

Methods

Thirty-six patients with CBAVD were examined to obtain image characteristics of the bilateral testicle and epididymis by ultrasound. Each patient received a pathological examination of the sperm by percutaneous epididymal biopsy.

Results

Scrotal ultrasonic features were as follows: (1) testicular volumes were normal in all the 36 patients; (2) 21% (15/72) of the heads of epididymis, 67% (48/72) of the heads and bodies of epididymis, and 12% (9/72) of the heads, bodies, and tails of epididymis could be shown in the 72 epididymides of the 36 patients; (3) cystic or tubular dilation of the epididymis was obvious in all 72 abnormal epididymides; and (4) bilateral vas deferens could not be found in these patients. Johnsen's grading of sperm in all the 36 patients received a score of 7 or higher (scale of 10, lower numbers denote greater dysfunction).

Conclusions

Ultrasonography images of the scrotum revealed characteristics that were commonly present in patients with CBAVD. Therefore, this method is helpful to diagnose CBAVD by identifying the features of epididymis structural abnormalities and cystic or tubular dilation of the epididymis.
Developing Team Cognition
Authors: Fernandez Rosemarie , Shah Sachita , Rosenman Elizabeth D. , Kozlowski Steve W. J. , Parker Sarah Henrickson , Grand James A.
Published: April 2017

Summary Statement

Simulation has had a major impact in the advancement of healthcare team training and assessment. To date, most simulation-based training and assessments focus on the teamwork behaviors that impact team performance, often ignoring critical cognitive, motivational, and affective team processes. Evidence from team science research demonstrates a strong relationship between team cognition and team performance and suggests a role for simulation in the development of this team-level construct. In this article, we synthesize research from the broader team science literature to provide foundational knowledge regarding team cognition and highlight best practices for using simulation to target team cognition.
The BIOCARD Index
Authors: Sacktor Ned , Soldan Anja , Grega Maura , Farrington Leonie , Cai Qing , Wang Mei-Cheng , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Turner Raymond S. , Albert Marilyn
Published: April 2017

Background:

Changes in neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid may precede mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, these markers are not routinely performed in outpatient clinical visits.

Objective:

To evaluate whether a simple clinical index, consisting of questions given to patients and their informants, could predict the onset of symptoms of MCI among cognitively normal individuals.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred twenty-two participants in the BIOCARD study received a detailed history, physical examination, and neuropsychological testing annually. An index was calculated by including questions about memory problems, depression, age, education, history of cerebrovascular disease risk factors, and brain injury, family history of dementia, and the Mini-Mental State examination score. Cox regression analyses were used to determine if this index score was related to diagnosis of MCI.

Results:

The BIOCARD Index score mean for individuals who progressed to MCI was 20.3 (SD=2.9), whereas the score for individuals who remained normal was 24.8 (SD=2.3) (P<0.001) [hazard ratio, SE for subsequent diagnosis of MCI=0.75 (0.67 to 0.84);P<0.001].

Conclusions:

Lower BIOCARD Index score predicted symptoms of MCI several years before the MCI diagnosis. The BIOCARD Index can be easily used in clinics to identify cognitively normal older individuals who are at risk for deterioration.
Tau-PET Binding Distinguishes Patients With Early-stage Posterior Cortical Atrophy From Amnestic Alzheimer Disease Dementia
Authors: Day Gregory S. , Gordon Brian A. , Jackson Kelley , Christensen Jon J. , Rosana Ponisio Maria , Su Yi , Ances Beau M. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Morris John C.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Flortaucipir (tau) positron emission tomography (PET) binding distinguishes individuals with clinically well-established posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) due to Alzheimer disease (AD) from cognitively normal (CN) controls. However, it is not known whether tau-PET binding patterns differentiate individuals with PCA from those with amnestic AD, particularly early in the symptomatic stages of disease.

Methods:

Flortaucipir and florbetapir (β-amyloid) PET imaging were performed in individuals with early-stage PCA (N=5), amnestic AD dementia (N=22), and CN controls (N=47). Average tau and β-amyloid deposition were quantified using standard uptake value ratios and compared at a voxelwise level, controlling for age.

Results:

PCA patients [median age-at-onset, 59 (51 to 61) years] were younger at symptom onset than similarly staged individuals with amnestic AD [75 (60 to 85) years] or CN controls [73 (61 to 90) years; P=0.002]. Flortaucipir uptake was higher in individuals with early-stage symptomatic PCA versus those with early-stage amnestic AD or CN controls, and greatest in posterior regions. Regional elevations in florbetapir were observed in areas of greatest tau deposition in PCA patients.

Conclusions and Relevance:

Flortaucipir uptake distinguished individuals with PCA and amnestic AD dementia early in the symptomatic course. The posterior brain regions appear to be uniquely vulnerable to tau deposition in PCA, aligning with clinical deficits that define this disease subtype.
Molecular noise accelerates cell division and death under antibiotic treatment
Authors: Chib Savita , Das Suman , Soumya V. , Seshasayee Aswin Sai Narain , Thattai Mukund
Published: April 2017

It is well known that microbial cell populations can exhibit sustained exponential growth. More surprising is the fact that at high antibiotic levels, cell populations exhibit sustained exponential decay over several orders of magnitude. The boundary between growth and decay occurs at the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic, where the density of living cells remains constant over time. These observations suggest that positive (growth) or negative (decay) exponents arise as a difference of cell division and death rates obeying first-order kinetics. Thus for antibiotic concentrations below MIC, division dominates; for concentrations above MIC, death dominates; while MIC itself is a dynamic steady state of balanced division and death, rather than cell stasis. To measure these rates we separately tracked living and dead cells inEscherichia colipopulations treated with the ribosome-targeting antibiotic kanamycin. We found that cells divide rapidly even at MIC: inferred division and death rates at MIC are 0.6 times the antibiotic-free division rate. A stochastic model of cells as collections of self-replicating units we term “widgets” reproduces both steady-state and transient features of our experiments, and explains first-order exponential kinetics. In this model cell division and death rates at MIC can be tuned from low to high values by amplifying molecular noise in the synthesis, degradation and partitioning of the widgets. At extremely low noise, cells approach the classic bacteriostatic limit at MIC: neither dividing nor dying. Noise-induced division and death of cells following antibiotic treatment could increase the likelihood of sepsis and antibiotic resistance.
Predator-induced shell plasticity in mussels hinders predation by drilling snails
Authors: Sherker Zachary T. , Ellrich Julius A. , Scrosati Ricardo A.
Published: April 2017

Sessile invertebrate prey that detect waterborne predator cues often respond by strengthening their structural defenses. Experimental evidence of the functional significance of such modifications using field-raised organisms is lacking. This study addresses that gap using intertidal mussels and predatory dogwhelks from Atlantic Canada. During the spring and summer of 2016, we ran a field experiment that manipulated dogwhelk presence to test their nonconsumptive effects on mussel traits. Dogwhelk cues elicited thickening at the lip, centre, and base of mussel shells, although simultaneously limiting shell growth in length. As shell mass was unaffected by dogwhelk presence, a trade-off between shell thickening and elongation was revealed. Thickening was strongest at the thinnest parts of the shell. Using the field-raised organisms, a lab experiment found that dogwhelks took, on average, 55 % longer to drill and consume mussels previously exposed to dogwhelk cues than mussels grown without such a cue exposure. Dogwhelks drilled at the thinnest parts of the shell but, nonetheless, the consumed cue-exposed mussels had thicker shells at the borehole than the consumed mussels not exposed to cues, which likely explains the observed difference in handling time. As handling time normally decreases predation success, this study indicates that the plastic structural modifications in mussels triggered by dogwhelk cues in the field hinder predation by these drilling predators.
Unbiased estimate of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates with non-stationary base composition
Authors: Guéguen Laurent , Duret Laurent
Published: April 2017

The measure of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (dSanddN) is useful for assessing selection operating on protein sequences or for investigating mutational processes affecting genomes. In particular, the ratiois expected to be a good proxy ofω, the probability of fixation of non-synonymous mutations relative to that of neutral mutations. Standard methods for estimatingdN, dSorωrely on the assumption that the base composition of sequences is at the equilibrium of the evolutionary process. In many clades, this assumption of stationarity is in fact incorrect, and we show here through simulations and through analyses of empirical data that non-stationarity biases the estimate ofdN, dSandω. We show that the bias in the estimate ofωcan be fixed by explicitly considering non-stationarity in the modeling of codon evolution, in a maximum likelihood framework. Moreover, we propose an exact method of estimate ofdNanddSon branches, based on stochastic mapping, that can take into account non-stationarity. This method can be directly applied to any kind of model of evolution of codons, as long as neutrality is clearly parameterized.
Covalent protein labeling by SpyTag-SpyCatcher in fixed cells for super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Pessino Veronica , Citron Rose , Feng Siyu , Huang Bo
Published: April 2017

Labeling proteins with high specificity and efficiency is a fundamental prerequisite for microscopic visualization of subcellular protein structures and interactions. While the comparatively small size of epitope tags makes them less perturbative to fusion proteins, they require the use of large antibodies that often limit probe accessibility and effective resolution. Here we use the covalent SpyTag-SpyCatcher system as an epitope-like tag for fluorescent labeling of intracellular proteins in fixed cells for both conventional and super-resolution microscopy. We have also applied this method to endogenous proteins via gene editing, demonstrating its high labeling efficiency and capability for isoform-specific labeling.
Concentration invariant odor coding
Authors: Wilson Christopher D. , Serrano Gabriela O. , Koulakov Alexei A. , Rinberg Dmitry
Published: April 2017

Humans can identify visual objects independently of view angle and lighting, words independently of volume and pitch, and smells independently of concentration. The computational principles underlying invariant object recognition remain mostly unknown. Here we propose that, in olfaction, a small and relatively stable set made of the earliest activated receptors forms a code for concentration invariant odor identity. One prediction of this “primacy coding” scheme is that decisions based on odor identity can be made solely using early odor-evoked neural activity. Using an optogenetic masking paradigm, we define the sensory integration time necessary for odor identification and demonstrate that animals can use information occurring <100 ms after inhalation onset to identify odors. Using multi-electrode array recordings of odor responses in the olfactory bulb, we find that concentration invariant units respond earliest and at latencies that are within this behaviorally-defined time window. We propose a computational model demonstrating how such a code can be read by neural circuits of the olfactory system.
Cycledash: a web application for the interactive analysis and exploration of variants
Authors: Hodes Isaac A , Vanderkam Dan , Nathanson Tavi , Aksoy B. Arman , Perrone Jaclyn , Hammerbacher Jeffrey
Published: April 2017

As genomics begins to influence clinical care, validating the result of a somatic variant calling pipeline has become increasingly important. Cycledash is a web application which facilitates the validation and analysis of somatic variants, bringing together and streamlining existing tools and workflows for examining and verifying the existence of variants in patient samples.
Microbiota regulate intestinal epithelial gene expression by suppressing the transcription factor Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
Authors: Davison James M. , Lickwar Colin R. , Song Lingyun , Breton Ghislain , Crawford Gregory E. , Rawls John F.
Published: April 2017

Microbiota influence diverse aspects of intestinal physiology and disease in part by controlling tissue-specific transcription of host genes. However, host genomic mechanisms mediating microbial control of intestinal gene expression are poorly understood. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is the most ancient family of nuclear receptor transcription factors with important roles in human metabolic and inflammatory bowel diseases, but a role in host response to microbes is unknown. Using an unbiased screening strategy, we found that zebrafish Hnf4a specifically binds and activates a microbiota-suppressed intestinal epithelial transcriptional enhancer. Genetic analysis revealed that zebrafish hnf4a activates nearly half of the genes that are suppressed by microbiota, suggesting microbiota negatively regulate Hnf4a. In support, analysis of genomic architecture in mouse intestinal epithelial cells disclosed that microbiota colonization leads to activation or inactivation of hundreds of enhancers along with drastic genome-wide reduction of HNF4A and HNF4G occupancy. Interspecies meta-analysis suggested interactions between HNF4A and microbiota promote gene expression patterns associated with human inflammatory bowel diseases. These results indicate a critical and conserved role for HNF4A in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in response to microbiota.
Experimental strategies for imaging bioparticles with femtosecond hard X-ray pulses
Authors: Daurer Benedikt J. , Okamoto Kenta , Bielecki Johan , Maia Filipe R. N. C. , Mühlig Kerstin , Seibert M. Marvin , Hantke Max F. , Nettelblad Carl , Benner W. Henry , Svenda Martin , Tîmneanu Nicuşor , Ekeberg Tomas , Loh N. Duane , Pietrini Alberto , Zani Alessandro , Rath Asawari D. , Westphal Daniel , Kirian Richard A. , Awel Salah , Wiedorn Max O. , van der Schot Gijs , Carlsson Gunilla H. , Hasse Dirk , Sellberg Jonas A. , Barty Anton , Andreasson Jakob , Boutet Sébastien , Williams Garth , Koglin Jason , Andersson Inger , Hajdu Janos , Larsson Daniel S. D.
Published: April 2017

This study explores the capabilities of the Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source to image small biological samples. The weak signal from small samples puts a significant demand on the experiment. AerosolizedOmono River virusparticles of ∼40 nm in diameter were injected into the submicrometre X-ray focus at a reduced pressure. Diffraction patterns were recorded on two area detectors. The statistical nature of the measurements from many individual particles provided information about the intensity profile of the X-ray beam, phase variations in the wavefront and the size distribution of the injected particles. The results point to a wider than expected size distribution (from ∼35 to ∼300 nm in diameter). This is likely to be owing to nonvolatile contaminants from larger droplets during aerosolization and droplet evaporation. The results suggest that the concentration of nonvolatile contaminants and the ratio between the volumes of the initial droplet and the sample particles is critical in such studies. The maximum beam intensity in the focus was found to be 1.9 × 1012photons per µm2per pulse. The full-width of the focus at half-maximum was estimated to be 500 nm (assuming 20% beamline transmission), and this width is larger than expected. Under these conditions, the diffraction signal from a sample-sized particle remained above the average background to a resolution of 4.25 nm. The results suggest that reducing the size of the initial droplets during aerosolization is necessary to bring small particles into the scope of detailed structural studies with X-ray lasers.
Client values within post-disaster reconstruction contracting services
Authors: Aliakbarlou Sadegh , Wilkinson Suzanne , Costello Seosamh B. , Jang Hyounseung
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore and prioritize the key client values within contracting services for reconstructing the built environment in post-disaster situations.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review, semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey were included in this study. A comparative analysis was used to obtain different perspectives between public and private sectors.

Findings

A total of 39 client values were identified in this study. Clients for disaster reconstruction services put more emphasis on values such as timeliness, availability of resources, competency, building a trust-based relationship, financial stability, and communication techniques than contract price. Public and private clients have a different perspective regarding the importance of the identified values, while these are not statistically significant for the most important values.

Research limitations/implications

The construction literature is focussed on business-as-usual rather than post-disaster reconstruction. To ensure that reconstruction programmes after a disaster are successfully implemented, it is necessary to identify and prioritize the client values within contracting services. Focussing the attention of the service providers on these values is believed to have the greatest impact on the programmes’ success.

Practical implications

Understanding the client values identified by this study can aid contractors to better prepare for reconstruction programmes and provide improved services to clients.

Originality/value

A number of important client values within contracting services that appear to have a bearing on the success of disaster reconstruction programmes were identified in this study.
A normative model for integrating organisations for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within SADC member states
Authors: Nemakonde Livhuwani David , Van Niekerk Dewald
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Research has demonstrated that governance of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) have evolved largely in isolation from each other – through different conceptual and institutional frameworks, response strategies and plans, at both international, national and subnational levels. As a result, the management of disaster risk through DRR and CCA is highly fragmented. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the set of actors and their location in government that create and shape governance in DRR and CCA integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states.

Design/methodology/approach

The study draws upon a range of data collection techniques including a comprehensive literature review relating to DRR and CCA in general and in the SADC member states, face-to-face interviews and an online survey. A mixed method research design was applied to the study with a total of 35 respondents from Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe participating in the face-to-face interviews and an online survey.

Findings

The analysis shows that DRR and CCA are carried out by different departments, agencies and/or ministries in all but three SADC member states, namely, Mozambique, Mauritius and the Seychelles. Participants were able to highlight the different ways in which integration should unfold. In light of this, the paper proposes a normative model to integrate government organisations for DRR and CCA within SADC member states.

Originality/value

The implementation of the model has the potential to accelerate the integration of organisations for DRR and CCA, with the resultant improvement in the implementation of risk reduction strategies and efficient use of resources.
Impact of product originality and supply chain structure on market share in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Göllü Emre
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of supply chain structure on market share and the differences between supply chain structures and market shares of companies in terms of product originality in the pharmaceutical industry.

Design/methodology/approach

In the design of this research, survey methodology was selected to collect the data. Convenience sampling technique and, as data collection instrument, a questionnaire including dichotomous scales were utilized.

Findings

Obtained results showed that supply chain structures of pharmaceutical companies in Turkey have a significant impact on their market shares. Other results indicate that there are significant differences between both supply chain structures and market shares in terms of product originality.

Research limitations/implications

There are three limitations, namely, the study focused on only one sector, convenience sampling method was used in conjunction with Pareto approach and the study encompasses Turkey only.

Practical implications

Practitioners will benefit from this study through conceptualizing the impact of supply chain structure on market share and the relationships between these both and product originality in terms of creating competitive advantage.

Originality/value

The importance of this study lies on the investigation of supply chain structure with its impact on market share from supply chain management perspective and on the combination of the relationships between these both constructs and product originality as from management perspective in the pharmaceutical industry as first time.
Thinking about fair balance: how prescription drug advertising disclosure prominence works?
Authors: Ju Ilwoo
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of prescription drug advertising health risk disclosure prominence and the mediating role of introspective message attention.

Design/methodology/approach

An experiment was conducted to test varying levels of health risk disclosure prominence in prescription drug advertising (high vs low).

Findings

The results showed that a more prominent health risk disclosure than a less prominent one enhanced introspective message attention, risk knowledge and risk perception of the drug’s side effects. In addition, the introspective attention mediated the health risk disclosure effects on risk knowledge and risk perception.

Research limitations/implications

The artificial experimental setting should be considered. In addition, various therapeutic categories and health risk disclosure formats need to be examined.

Practical implications

To ensure fair balance in prescription drug advertising, message designers should present a sufficient level of health risk disclosure prominence.

Social implications

To encourage consumers to make informed prescription drug decisions, health risk information provided through prescription drug advertising may be important. Health-marketing promotional messages should address fair balance by considering health risk disclosure prominence.

Originality/value

Although the FDA has issued its risk communication guidance draft for pharmaceutical manufacturers to ensure fair balance between benefit and risk information in pharmaceutical promotion, little empirical research has been conducted to test the health risk disclosure prominence effects on consumers’ health-related perception about the drug. This study fills the gap in the literature.
The library computer lab transforms into a “thinking lab”
Authors: Massis Bruce E.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this column is to examine the process for the transition of library computer labs into “thinking labs”, where existing library workstation space can be reallocated to provide more flexibility, freedom and creativity for the library patron.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature review and commentary on this topic that has been addressed by professionals, researchers and practitioners.

Findings

The transition of library computer labs into “thinking labs” is an initiative where library planners can experiment with ideas and concepts in library design to provide the most effective user experience through a “fresh perspective”.

Originality/value

The value in exploring this topic is to propose that library planners and designers create space unlike traditional designs to provide patrons with a more transformative thinking, learning and creative library experience.
Compulsive mobile application usage and technostress: the role of personality traits
Authors: Hsiao Kuo-Lun
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Compulsive usage of mobile applications may have a negative effect on people’s health and social interaction. Past studies have indicated that personality traits were related to compulsive usage of technologies, but most of them have explored the factors from the system and interface design perspectives, specifically. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Big Five personality traits, materialism, and external locus of control affect compulsive mobile application usage, and examines how compulsive usage impacts technostress.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study proposes a framework based on Big Five personality traits and related literature. The author collected a total of 546 valid responses to the online survey, and the author examined the 18 proposed hypotheses using SmartPLS software.

Findings

The results show that neuroticism, extraversion, materialism, and external locus of control have significant effects on compulsive usage of mobile social applications. In addition, agreeableness, materialism, and external locus of control significantly influence compulsive usage of mobile game applications. Compulsive usage (of both mobile social apps and mobile games), materialism, and external locus of control all have a positive, direct impact on technostress.

Practical implications

This study offers mobile app design companies and educational institutions a understanding of the social problems caused by the misuse of mobile devices, helping them to prevent the increase of the negative influences of such misuse.

Originality/value

The primary value of this paper lies in providing a better understanding of the influence of personality traits on the compulsive use of mobile apps and technostress.
Measuring vocabulary use in the Linked Data Cloud
Authors: Nogales Alberto , Angel Sicilia-Urban Miguel , García-Barriocanal Elena
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This paper reports on a quantitative study of data gathered from the Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV) catalogue, including the use of network analysis and metrics. The purpose of this paper is to gain insights into the structure of LOV and the use of vocabularies in the Web of Data. It is important to note that not all the vocabularies in it are registered in LOV. Given the de-centralised and collaborative nature of the use and adoption of these vocabularies, the results of the study can be used to identify emergent important vocabularies that are shaping the Web of Data.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on an analytical approach to a data set that captures a complete snapshot of the LOV catalogue dated April 2014. An initial analysis of the data is presented in order to obtain insights into the characteristics of the vocabularies found in LOV. This is followed by an analysis of the use of Vocabulary of a Friend properties that describe relations among vocabularies. Finally, the study is complemented with an analysis of the usage of the different vocabularies, and concludes by proposing a number of metrics.

Findings

The most relevant insight is that unsurprisingly the vocabularies with more presence are those used to model Semantic Web data, such as Resource Description Framework, RDF Schema and OWL, as well as broadly used standards as Simple Knowledge Organization System, DCTERMS and DCE. It was also discovered that the most used language is English and the vocabularies are not considered to be highly specialised in a field. Also, there is not a dominant scope of the vocabularies. Regarding the structural analysis, it is concluded that LOV is a heterogeneous network.

Originality/value

The paper provides an empirical analysis of the structure of LOV and the relations between its vocabularies, together with some metrics that may be of help to determine the important vocabularies from a practical perspective. The results are of interest for a better understanding of the evolution and dynamics of the Web of Data, and for applications that attempt to retrieve data in the Linked Data Cloud. These applications can benefit from the insights into the important vocabularies to be supported and the value added when mapping between and using the vocabularies.
Disciplinary differences in altmetrics for social sciences
Authors: Htoo Tint Hla Hla , Na Jin-Cheon
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of altmetrics in different disciplines of social science: first, by investigating the current richness and future potential of altmetrics in the selected social science disciplines and then by evaluating the validity of altmetrics as indicators of research impact in each discipline through correlation analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses three approaches to understand the current richness and future potential of ten altmetric measures in nine selected disciplines: first, investigate the distribution and trend of altmetric data; second, verify the relationship between citation rate and altmetric presence of the discipline using Pearson correlation; and third, perform word frequency analysis on tweets to understand different altmetric presence in different disciplines. In addition, this study uses Spearman and sign test to find the correlation between altmetrics and citation counts for the articles that receive altmetric mention(s) to test the validity of altmetrics as indicators of research impact.

Findings

There is a steady increase in the number of articles that receive altmetric mentions in all disciplines studied. In general, disciplines with higher citation rates have higher altmetric presence. At the same time, altmetrics are also an effective complement to citation in disciplines with low citation rates. There is a moderate correlation with Mendeley and significant but weak correlations with Tweets and CiteULike in seven disciplines. Altmetrics appear effective as a predictor of citation counts in seven out of nine disciplines studied. However, there is low presence and lack of correlation with citation count in business-finance and law disciplines.

Originality/value

This paper furthers the understanding of altmetrics in social science disciplines. It reveals the disciplines where altmetrics are most effective, potentially useful, and fairly applicable. In addition, it presents evidence that altmetrics are an effective complement to citation in disciplines with low citation rates.
A comparative study of the impact of Korean research articles in four academic fields using altmetrics
Authors: Cho Jane
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Alternative metrics (altmetrics) are non-traditional metrics to measure the social impact of research results, which were unable to be assessed by the previous methods, by calculating how research results are reflected in various social media. The purpose of this paper is to measure and compare the impact of Korean study results in four fields that were published in international journals using altmetrics.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analysed the impact of 383 Korean research articles published by international journals in the field of medical science, engineering, social science and arts and humanities through altmetrics and compared it with bibliometrics.

Findings

As a result, the frequency of research articles which are “discussed” through social media such as Twitter was shown to be highest in the medical science than in other fields. In addition, the frequency of research articles which were “saved” through reference management tool such as Mendeley was shown to be higher in the social science and the arts and humanities than in other fields. Furthermore, as a result of a correlation analysis between altmetrics and bibliometrics, it is found that there exists a positive correlation between the number of articles which were “saved” in Mendeley and “cited” in follow-up studies.

Originality/value

This study examined the impact of the articles originating in non-English-speaking nations; it could be referred by other non-English-speaking nations that are trying to identify invisible impact of their research output on global society. By finding the academic field which are receiving special attention from global community using altmetrics, researchers could prospect country’s overall research impact and utilize it to make a future R&D plan.
Constructing a sentiment analysis model for LibQUAL+ comments
Authors: Moore Michael Thomas
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish a data mining model for performing sentiment analysis on open-ended qualitative LibQUAL+ comments, providing a further method for year-to-year comparison of user satisfaction, both of the library as a whole and individual topics.

Design/methodology/approach

A training set of 514 comments, selected at random from five LibQUAL+ survey responses, was manually reviewed and labeled as having a positive or negative sentiment. Using the open-source RapidMiner data mining platform, those comments provided the framework for creating library-specific positive and negative word vectors to power the sentiment analysis model. A further process was created to help isolate individual topics within the larger comments, allowing for more nuanced sentiment analysis.

Findings

Applied to LibQUAL+ comments for a Canadian mid-sized academic research library, the model suggested a fairly even distribution of positive and negative sentiment in overall comments. When filtering comments into affect of service, information control and library as place, the three dimensions’ relative polarity mirrored the results of the quantitative LibQUAL+ questions, with highest scores for affect of service and lowest for library as place.

Practical implications

The sentiment analysis model provides a complementary tool to the LibQUAL+ quantitative results, allowing for simple, time-efficient, year-to-year analysis of open-ended comments. Furthermore, the process provides the means to isolate specific topics based on specified keywords, allowing individual institutions to tailor results for more in-depth analysis.

Originality/value

To best account for library-specific terminology and phrasing, the sentiment model was created using LibQUAL+ open-ended comments as the foundation for the sentiment model’s classification process. The process also allows individual topics, chosen to meet individual library needs, to be isolated and independently analyzed, providing more precise examination.
Bibliometrics and altmetrics literature review
Authors: Karanatsiou Dimitra , Misirlis Nikolaos , Vlachopoulou Maro
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the evolution in notions from bibliometrics to altmetrics and confront them taking into consideration specific criteria. The objective of this paper is to present the evolution of research, regarding the above fields, the study of metrics and indicators used, and the strength and weaknesses resulting from the current literature. Furthermore, the authors present the manipulation techniques for both fields as their main weakness, as well as further key points, analyzing the alternative options of bibliometrics and altmetrics.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the authors present the evolution of the literature, concerning the specific field and metrics used, following with a brief description of basic indicators related to the field of bibliometrics (journal impact factor (JIF), eigenfactor, article influence score and h-index) discussing their advantages and disadvantages. In the second part, the authors describe altmetrics and present the differences with bibliometrics.

Findings

Both bibliometrics and altmetrics remain weak indicators as fraught with disadvantages with manipulation being the greatest of all. Nevertheless, the combination of the two is proposed in order to export safer conclusions on assessing the impact. Regarding the manipulation there is yet not a clean technique to eliminate manipulation. In specific, regarding bibliometrics, the manipulation of indicators refers only to the human factor intervention. The theoretical implication of this study constitutes of collecting the relevant literature regarding scientific indicators.

Research limitations/implications

We must consider the study of new indicators, which combine metrics and methodologies used in both bibliometrics and altmetrics. The theoretical implication of this study constitutes of collecting the relevant literature regarding scientific indicators. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

Practical implications

The practical contribution, on the other side, provides scholars with the knowledge of how making their work more accessible, increasing their impact.

Originality/value

The authors add to the originality by providing a framework of the relevant literature for bibliometrics and altmetrics for future researchers. The authors describe altmetrics and present the differences with bibliometrics. The authors conclude the research with the implications of the conducted analysis and the potential directions for future research. Regarding manipulation, the authors provide with the techniques so researchers are aware of the methods in order to protect their academic profile.
Ultrasonic attenuation of pure tetrahydrofuran hydrate
Authors: Pohl Mathias , Prasad Manika , Batzle Michael L.
Published: April 2017

Improved estimates of the amount of subsurface gas hydrates are needed for natural resource, geohazard, and climate impact assessments. To evaluate gas hydrate saturation from seismic methods, the properties of pure gas hydrates need to be known. Whereas the properties of sediments, specifically sands, and hydrate‐bearing sediments are well studied, the properties of pure hydrates are largely unknown. Hence, we present laboratory ultrasonic P‐wave velocity and attenuation measurements on pure tetrahydrofuran hydrates as they form with reducing temperatures from 25°C to 1°C under atmospheric pressure conditions. Tetrahydrofuran hydrates, with structure II symmetry, are considered as proxies for the structure I methane hydrates because both have similar effects on elastic properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments. We find that although velocity increased, the waveform frequency content and amplitude decreased after the hydrate formation reaction was complete, indicating an increase in P‐wave attenuation after hydrate formation. When the tetrahydrofuran hydrate was cooled below the freezing point of water, velocity and quality factor increased. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance results indicate the presence of water in the “pure hydrate” samples above the water freezing point, but none below. The presence of liquid water between hydrate grains most likely causes heightened attenuation in tetrahydrofuran hydrates above the freezing point of water. In naturally occurring hydrates, a similarly high attenuation might relate to the presence of water.