bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIS(BICYCLO(1.1.0)BUT‐1‐YL)MERCURY
Authors: ZERGER R. P. , STUCKY G. D.
Published: April 2016

Bicyclobutyllithium (I) wird mit HgCl2 in siedendem THF zu Bis‐cyclobutylquecksilber (II) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOLYTIC DISPLACEMENTS AT CARBON CENTERS. PART 1. REACTION OF ALLYL‐ AND ALLENYL‐COBALOXIMES WITH POLYHALOMETHANES
Authors: BURY A. , COOKSEY C. J. , FUNABIKI T. , GUPTA B. D. , JOHNSON M. D.
Published: April 2016

Die Allylcobaloxime (I) reagieren mit Bromtrichlormethan (II) in CHCl3 oder Dichlormethan bei Raumtemp. zu den monomeren organischen Produkten (IV) neben dem Co‐Komplex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF THE BIS(2,9‐DIMETHYL‐1,10‐PHENANTHROLINE)COPPER(II) ION BY SUBSTITUTED HYDROQUINONES
Authors: CLEMMER J. D. , HOGABOOM G. K. , HOLWERDA R. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelreaktion wurde mit 16 monosubstituierten Hydrochinonen (Substituenten: ‐halogenide, ‐OH, ‐O‐Me, ‐CO‐O‐, ‐CF3, ‐CO‐O‐Me, Me, Bu, tBu, ‐CN, ‐NO2, ‐SO3‐) unter anaeroben Bedingungen bei 25°C im pH‐Bereich von 4‐6 kinetisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TRITIATED PEPTIDES. PART 7. SYNTHESIS OF (2,5‐3H2‐HIS6)‐β‐CORTICOTROPIN‐(1‐24)‐TETRACOSAPEPTIDE
Authors: ALLEN M. C. , BRUNDISH D. E. , WADE R.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von den Komponenten (I) und (II) wird über die Stufe (III) das Hexapeptid‐Derivat (V) dargestellt, das mit dem Fragment (VI) zum Decapeptid (VII) kondensiert wird (Azidmethode).
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL BIOCHEMISTRY. 17. SYNTHESIS OF TRYPTOPHAN DIPEPTIDES
Authors: PETTIT G. R. , KRUPA T. S. , REYNOLDS R. M.
Published: April 2016

Zur Herstellung von Tryptophandipeptiden wird Boc‐Tryptophan (I) mit N‐Hydroxysuccinimid (II) in Gegenwart von Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (DCC) zum Ester (III) umgesetzt, der mit Aminosäureesterhydrochloriden (IV) zu den Dipeptidestern (V) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: MODIFICATION OF POSITION 8 OF PURINE NUCL
Authors: CONG‐DANH N. , BEAUCOURT J. P. , PICHAT L.
Published: April 2016

Aus den 8‐Brom‐purinen (I) erhält man mit Grignardverbindungen (II) in Gegenwart von Bis‐triphenylphosphin‐palladiumchlorid nach Hydrolyse die 8‐Substitutionsprodukte (III),die zu (IV) substituiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ACTINOMYCIN D OXAZINONES AS IMPROVED ANTITUMOR AGENTS
Authors: SENGUPTA S. K. , TRITES D. H. , MADHAVARAO M. S. , BELTZ W. R.
Published: April 2016

Durch Hydrierung von Actinomycin D (I) und anschließende Umsetzung mit den Ketocarbonsäuren (III) entstehen die Oxazinonderivate (IV), von denen die Vertreter mit sperrigen und lipophilen Substituenten Rweniger toxisch und gegen P388‐Leukämie (Maus) wirksamer als AMD (I) sind.
ChemInform Abstract: Rietveld Refinement of the Crystal Structures of Rb2XSi5O12 (X: Ni, Mn).
Authors: Bell Anthony M. T. , Henderson C. Michael B.
Published: April 2016

The title compounds are prepared by melting and quenching of stoichiometric amounts of Rb2CO3, SiO2, and NiO or MnO (1573 K, 1.5 h for the Ni compound; 1673 K, 2 h for the Mn compound) followed by crystallization at 1193 K (12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ab initio Structure Determination and Photoluminescent Properties of an Efficient, Thermally Stable Blue Phosphor, Ba2Y5B5O17:Ce3+.
Authors: Hermus Martin , Phan Phu‐Cuong , Brgoch Jakoah
Published: April 2016

Ba2Y5B5O17 and Ba2(Y4.75Ce0.25)B5O17 are prepared by firing stoichiometric amounts of BaCO3, Y2O3 (and CeO2), and H3BO3 under a 5% H2/N2 reducing atmosphere (Al2O3 crucible, 1200 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonia Decomposition with Manganese Nitride—Calcium Imide Composites as Efficient Catalysts.
Authors: Yu Pei , Guo Jianping , Liu Lin , Wang Peikun , Wu Guotao , Chang Fei , Chen Ping
Published: April 2016

CaNH shows a strong synergistic effect on Mn6N5 in catalyzing the decomposition of NH3.
ChemInform Abstract: ASb2(SO4)2(PO4) (A: H3O+, K, Rb): Layered Structure Containing Ordered Sulfate and Phosphate Anions.
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Mei Dajiang , Xu Jingli , Wu Yuandong
Published: April 2016

Single crystals of ASb2(SO4)2(PO4) (A = H3O+, K+, Rb+) are obtained by heating a A:Sb:P = 1:1:1 molar mixture of Sb2O3, A2CO3 (A: Li, Rb) or K2SO4, and NH4H2PO4 in 98% H2SO4 (220—250 °C, 3—5 d; cooling to 100 °C at a rate of 2 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Single Crystal Growth and Crystal Structure of Ta7Cu10Ga34 — A 8 x 4 x 2 Super Structure of CsCl.
Authors: Koffi Agbelenko , Ade Martin , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: April 2016

Single crystals of the new title compound are grown from the elements in a reactive Cu/Ga melt (Ta:Ga:Cu = 0.5:14.4:2.4; evacuated silica tubes, 900 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Anhydrous Tetramethylammonium Fluoride for Room‐Temperature SNAr Fluorination.
Authors: Schimler Sydonie D. , Ryan Sarah J. , Bland Douglas C. , Anderson John E. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: April 2016

Optimized conditions are elaborated in detail for the title process and NMe4F is found to be generally more cost‐effective than CsF.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐C(sp3)—H Arylation of α‐Hydroxy Acid Derivatives Utilizing Amino Acid as a Directing Group.
Authors: Toba Tetsuya , Hu Yi , Tran Anh T. , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: April 2016

An arylation procedure for unactivated β‐C(sp3)—H bonds in O‐protected α‐hydroxy acid derivatives is developed utilizing a chiral amino acid as directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Halogen Exchange Reaction of Aliphatic Fluorine Compounds with Organic Halides as Halogen Source.
Authors: Mizukami Yuki , Song Zhiyi , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: April 2016

For the fluorine/iodine exchange, no titanocene catalyst is necessary.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Amides from Imines via Cyanide‐Mediated Metal‐Free Aerobic Oxidation.
Authors: Seo Hong‐Ahn , Cho Yeon‐Ho , Lee Ye‐Sol , Cheon Cheol‐Hong
Published: April 2016

Direct formation of aromatic amides becomes possible under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Reaction for Construction of Spiro[indoline‐3,7′‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridines] and Spiro[benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridine‐3,3′‐indolines].
Authors: Yang Fan , Sun Jing , Yan Chaoguo
Published: April 2016

The title compounds are obtained as mixture of cis/trans‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Promoted Synthesis of Cyclic 1,3‐Dione Fused Symmetrical 2,8‐Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes.
Authors: Bingi Chiranjeevi , Kale Ashok , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Atmakur Krishnaiah
Published: April 2016

The reaction of cyclic 1,3‐diketones with β‐enamino ketones gives either the title compounds (III) and (V) or xanthene derivatives (VI) depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Sulfur‐Bearing Four‐Membered Heterocycles: Direct Access to 2,4‐Disubstituted Thietane 1‐Oxides.
Authors: Degennaro Leonardo , Carroccia Laura , Parisi Giovanna , Zenzola Marina , Romanazzi Giuseppe , Fanelli Flavio , Pisano Luisa , Luisi Renzo
Published: April 2016

The diastereoselective outcome of the reactions is strongly influenced by both the substituent at C‐2 as well as the electrophile.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroalkenes as Surrogates for Cyanomethylium Species in a One‐Pot Synthesis of Non‐symmetric Diarylacetonitriles.
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Aksenov Nicolai A. , Dzhandigova Zarema V. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Rubin Michael
Published: April 2016

This novel one‐pot protocol allows the conversion of indoles into indolylacetonitriles via electrophilic aromatic alkylation with nitroalkenes and subsequent reductive dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelating Palladium Complexes Containing Pyridine/Pyrimidine Hydroxyalkyl Di‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity Towards C—H Activation.
Authors: Yang Liangru , Yuan Jinwei , Mao Pu , Guo Qi
Published: April 2016

The newly prepared chelating palladium complex (PDN) catalyzes the direct C—H bond arylation of benzoxazoles by aryl bromides efficiently.
ChemInform Abstract: One Step Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Thiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazole, Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine.
Authors: Shah Tariq A. , Ahmad Zubair , Mir Niyaz A. , Muneer M. , Rath Nigam P. , Ahmad Musheer
Published: April 2016

The reaction of dibenzoylacetylene with triazoles gives the title compounds with excellent yields via a catalyst‐free one‐pot cyclization at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated 1,4,5‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles by RuAAC Reaction.
Authors: Shen Qian , Han En‐jian , Huang Yan‐gen , Chen Qing‐Yun , Guo Yong
Published: April 2016

A wide range of trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles bearing fluorinated groups, ‐CH2‐CF3 or ‐S‐CF3, at C‐5 and aryl groups at C‐4 of the triazole ring is regioselectively obtained by convenient azide‐alkyne Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of internal alkynes catalyzed by a ruthenium complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Osthole Derivatives with Grignard Reagents and Their Larvicidal Activities on Mosquitoes.
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Yang , Hua Xuewen , Wu Changchun , Zhou Sha , Wang Baolei , Li Zhengming
Published: April 2016

The structure of osthole (IIIa) is modified to improve the larvicidal activity against mosquitoes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via a One‐Pot Metal‐Free Strategy.
Authors: Wei Hongbo , Li Yun , Xiao Ke , Cheng Bin , Wang Huifei , Hu Lin , Zhai Hongbin
Published: April 2016

A cascade consisting of a Wittig reaction, a Staudinger reaction between propargyl azide and triphenylphosphine followed by an aza‐Wittig reaction with subsequent 6π‐3‐azatriene electrocyclization and 1,3‐H shift furnishes polysubstituted pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Pyrimidin‐2‐yl Phosphates Using Amines and Thiols as Nucleophiles Mediated by PEG‐400 as an Environmentally Friendly Solvent.
Authors: Xing Ting , Wei Kai‐Jie , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: April 2016

A simple, rapid and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of C‐2 substituted pyrimidines under catalyst‐, base‐, and ligand‐free conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Azine and Diazine Functionalization Using 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidino‐Based Lithium—Metal Combinations: Application to the Synthesis of 5,9‐Disubstituted Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[1,2‐c]pyrimidines.
Authors: Marquise Nada , Nguyen Tan Tai , Chevallier Floris , Picot Laurent , Thiery Valerie , Lozach Olivier , Bach Stephane , Ruchaud Sandrine , Mongin Florence
Published: April 2016

The title compounds show moderate antiproliferative activity and low kinase inhibition in melanoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Magnetically Recoverable Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for Phosphonation Reactions in Aqueous Micellar Solution.
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Zeraatkar Zohre
Published: April 2016

The new catalyst is separated using an external magnet and reused for six consecutive cycles without any loss of its reactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlojapolactone A, an Unprecedented 1,3‐Dioxolane Linked‐Lindenane Sesquiterpenoid Dimer from Chloranthus japonicus.
Authors: Guo Yan‐Qiong , Tang Gui‐Hua , Li Zhen‐Zhen , Lin Shu‐Ling , Yin Sheng
Published: April 2016

The title compound shows nitric oxide production inhibitory activity: IC50 = 14.87 μM (comparable to quercetin).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Pure (S)‐2‐Amino‐5‐arylpent‐4‐ynoic Acids by Sonogashira Reactions and Their Potential Use as Highly Selective Potent Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase.
Authors: Langer Peter , et al.
Published: April 2016

A Ni complex is prepared and then arylated via a Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic and Bioinspired Synthesis of Nanomaterials/Nanostructures.
Authors: Zan Guangtao , Wu Qingsheng
Published: April 2016

Review: 515 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocenophanes Bridged by Group 13 Elements
Authors: Bhattacharjee Hridaynath , Muller Jens
Published: April 2016

Review: summary on publications concerned with strained sandwich compounds and their aplication as monomers for metal‐containing polymers; 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of α‐Pyrones
Authors: Schaeberle Till F.
Published: April 2016

Review: [91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition Metal (Pd, Ni)‐Catalyzed C(sp3)H Bond Activation with Bidentate Directing Groups
Authors: Yang Xinglin , Shan Gang , Wang Liguo , Rao Yu
Published: April 2016

Review: [85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenoid Composition and Base Sequences of Ligularia virgaurea (Asteraceae) Grown in the Hengduan Mountain Area in China and a Comment on Drawing Structures
Authors: Tori Motoo
Published: April 2016

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the One‐Step Synthesis of Distally Fluorinated Ketones
Authors: Zeng Yuwen , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: April 2016

Review: [61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Synthesis Using the Intramolecular Mannich Cyclization Reaction and Enantiopure N‐Sulfinyl β‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Davis Franklin A.
Published: April 2016

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Construction of Vicinal All‐carbon Quaternary Stereocenters in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Long Rong , Huang Jun , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen
Published: April 2016

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Compounds by Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions with Transition Metals
Authors: Loxq Pauline , Manoury Eric , Poli Rinaldo , Deydier Eric , Labande Agnes
Published: April 2016

Review: 297 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biology of 1,4‐Benzodioxane Lignan Natural Products
Authors: Pilkington Lisa I. , Barker David
Published: April 2016

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis in the Synthesis of Natural Products: Recent Developments in Aldol and Mannich Reactions, and 1,4‐Conjugated Additions
Authors: Dibello Estefania , Gamenara Daniela , Seoane Gustavo
Published: April 2016

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homologation Reaction of Ketones with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Candeias Nuno R. , Paterna Roberta , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: April 2016

Review: 314 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Aromatic Polyazides: Synthesis and Application
Authors: Chapyshev Sergei V.
Published: April 2016

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enynal/Enynone: A Safe and Practical Carbenoid Precursor
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhang Li , Zhu Shifa
Published: April 2016

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Biopolymer Supported Palladium in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kumbhar Arjun , Salunkhe Rajashri
Published: April 2016

Review: 332 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Constructions of Trifluoromethylated Chiral Stereogenic Centers via the Conjugate Addition to CF3‐Alkenes: Overview of Current Progress
Authors: Shibatomi Kazutaka
Published: April 2016

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis by Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysts
Authors: Schrock Richard R.
Published: April 2016

Review: 74 refs.
Spectroscopic Investigation on the Primary Photoreaction of Bathy Phytochrome Agp2‐Pr of Agrobacterium fabrum: Isomerization in a pH‐dependent H‐bond Network
Authors: Singer Patrick , Wörner Sybille , Lamparter Tilman , Diller Rolf
Published: April 2016

Bathy phytochrome Agp2 from Agrobacterium fabrum exhibits an unusually low pKa=7.6 in the Pr state in contrast to a pKa>11 in the Pfr state, indicating a pH‐dependent charge distribution and H‐bond network in the Pr chromophore binding pocket around neutral pH. Here, we report on ultrafast UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy of the primary Pr photoisomerization of Agp2 at pH 6 and pH 9 and upon H2O/D2O buffer exchange. The triexponential Pr kinetics slows down at increased pH and pronounced pH‐dependent kinetic isotope effects are observed. The results on the Pr photoreaction suggest: 1) component‐wise hindered dynamics on the chromophore excited‐state potential energy surface at high pH and 2) proton translocation processes either via single‐proton transfer or via significant reorganization of H‐bond networks. Both effects reflect the interplay between the pH‐dependent charge distribution in the Pr chromophore binding pocket on the one hand and chromophore excitation and its Z→E isomerization on the other hand.
Metastable zone width and nucleation threshold of aluminium hydroxyfluoride hydrate
Authors: Ntuk Ubong , Steel Karen
Published: April 2016

This paper considers the metastable zone width (MSZW) of aluminium hydroxyfluoride hydrate (AHF, AlF2OH.H2O) crystallizing solution, with a view to identifying suitable conditions for crystal growth. Speciation calculations combined with experimental validations have been used to estimate the degree of saturation at varying pHs leading to the identification of the metastable zone width (MSZW). From the results obtained, the solutions are saturated at pH 3.0 ± 0.3 and remain metastable until the nucleation threshold is reached at pH 5.0 ± 0.3. A narrowing of the MSZW at elevated temperatures has been observed and is attributed to the decrease in AHF solubility with increasing temperatures. This phenomenon was applied to obtain a tripling of the crystal particles in 30 minutes. The pH profile of the crystallizing solution is similar to that of acid/base titration curves and is found to be a quick and accurate method of estimating the MSZW. Using similar terminologies, the equivalent point corresponds to solution saturation while the mid‐point corresponds to the nucleation threshold. These results are applicable in the recovery of fluoride values of spent pot lining.
Selective Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfuraldehyde Using Cp*Ir Catalysts in Aqueous Formate Buffer Solution
Authors: Wu Wei‐Peng , Xu Yong‐Jian , Zhu Rui , Cui Min‐Shu , Li Xing‐Long , Deng Jin , Fu Yao
Published: April 2016

The highly selective hydrogenation/hydrolytic ring‐opening reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (5‐HMF) was catalyzed by homogeneous Cp*IrIII half‐sandwich complexes to produce 1‐hydroxy‐2,5‐hexanedione (HHD). Adjustment of pH was found to regulate the distribution of products and reaction selectivity, and full conversion of 5‐HMF to HHD with 99 % selectivity was achieved at pH 2.5. A mechanistic study revealed that the hydrolysis/ring‐opening reaction of 2,5‐bis‐(hydroxymethyl)furan is the important intermediate reaction step. In addition, an isolated yield of 85 % for HHD was obtained in a 10 g‐scale experiment, and the reaction with fructose as the starting material also led to a 98 % GC yield (71.9 % to fructose) of HHD owing to the excellent tolerance of the catalyst under acidic conditions.
Improved Electrodes for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells using Carbon Nanospheres
Authors: Zamora Héctor , Plaza Jorge , Cañizares Pablo , Lobato Justo , Rodrigo Manuel A.
Published: April 2016

This work evaluates the use of carbon nanospheres (CNS) in microporous layers (MPL) of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC) electrodes and compares the characteristics and performance with those obtained using conventional MPL based on carbon black. XRD, hydrophobicity, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory, and gas permeability of MPL prepared with CNS were the parameters evaluated. In addition, a short life test in a fuel cell was carried out to evaluate performance under accelerated stress conditions. The results demonstrate that CNS is a promising alternative to traditional carbonaceous materials because of its high electrochemical stability and good electrical conductivity, suitable to be used in this technology.
Labeling nanoparticles: Dye leakage and altered cellular uptake
Authors: Snipstad Sofie , Hak Sjoerd , Baghirov Habib , Sulheim Einar , Mørch Ýrr , Lélu Sylvie , von Haartman Eva , Bäck Marcus , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Klymchenko Andrey S. , de Lange Davies Catharina , Åslund Andreas K. O.
Published: April 2016

In vitro and in vivo behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) is often studied by tracing the NPs with fluorescent dyes. This requires stable incorporation of dyes within the NPs, as dye leakage may give a wrong interpretation of NP biodistribution, cellular uptake, and intracellular distribution. Furthermore, NP labeling with trace amounts of dye should not alter NP properties such as interactions with cells or tissues. To allow for versatile NP studies with a variety of fluorescence‐based assays, labeling of NPs with different dyes is desirable. Hence, when new dyes are introduced, simple and fast screening methods to assess labeling stability and NP–cell interactions are needed. For this purpose, we have used a previously described generic flow cytometry assay; incubation of cells with NPs at 4 and 37°C. Cell–NP interaction is confirmed by cellular fluorescence after 37°C incubation, and NP‐dye retention is confirmed when no cellular fluorescence is detected at 4°C. Three different NP‐platforms labeled with six different dyes were screened, and a great variability in dye retention was observed. Surprisingly, incorporation of trace amounts of certain dyes was found to reduce or even inhibit NP uptake. This work highlights the importance of thoroughly evaluating every dye–NP combination before pursuing NP‐based applications. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A blind signal‐to‐jamming‐plus‐noise ratio estimation based on second‐order cyclostationarity under typical tone‐jamming and its CRLB
Authors: Yao Fuqiang , Gao Zezhong , Niu Yingtao , Li Yonggui
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a blind signal‐to‐jamming‐plus‐noise ratio (SJNR) estimation under typical tone‐jamming is proposed in a Rayleigh fading channel. Based on the differences among communication signal, jamming, and noise in cyclostationarity, the proposed algorithm obtained SJNR values by using different parts of the cyclic autocorrelation matrix of received signals and applying the minimum square error (MSE) method to estimate the communication signal power and jamming‐plus‐noise power, respectively. Through deriving the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the SJNR estimation, the normalized MSE performance is examined. Simulation results show that the proposed estimation performs better than the subspace‐based eigenvalue decomposition estimation on a normalized estimation bias, and its normalized MSE performance is also closer to CRLB. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verification of Characteristics of a Boost‐Type Matrix Converter for a Three‐Phase Four‐Wire System
Authors: HIROKADO KEIICHIRO , YAMAMURA NAOKI , ISHIDA MUNEAKI
Published: April 2016

This paper describes an improvement to the control method of a boost‐type matrix converter (MC) for a three‐phase four‐wire system. The system is intended for use in a stand‐alone power source with a constant voltage and frequency. However, the conventional method is not able to control the output voltage with a low power‐factor load. To resolve this problem, we propose a new control method by using a MC and revising the conventional control method.
Nanostructure Restoration of Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrode upon Incorporation of Nafion for Detection of Trace Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lee Pui Mun , Ng Hai Woon , Lim Ju Dy , Khun Nay Win , Chen Zhong , Liu Erjia
Published: April 2016

High performance reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐Nafion (N) thin film electrodes coated on silicon (Si) substrates (RGO‐N/Si) were successfully developed through thermal reduction of GO‐N without delamination from the substrates. The restoration of the RGO‐N nanostructure upon the addition of Nafion was proven by Raman spectroscopy (RS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the restoration mechanism of the RGO‐N nanostructure was proposed. Through the investigation using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the polyfluorocarbon from Nafion possessed a function that could prevent the delamination of the RGO sheets from the substrates during the thermal reduction. The RGO‐N/Si samples were later used for the determination of trace heavy metals, such as divalent lead, cadmium and copper ions (Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+, respectively) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry in a 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 5). Based on the electroanalytical measurements, the RGO‐N/Si samples exhibited a highly linear behavior in the detection of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ over the concentration range of 50 nM to 300 nM with detection limits at nM levels. In addition, the RGO‐N/Si samples presented good recoveries of target metals in tap water samples.
A review of classical dimensionless numbers for the Yusa problem based on discriminated non‐dimensionalization of the governing equations
Authors: Cánovas M. , Alhama I. , Trigueros E. , Alhama F.
Published: April 2016

When the governing equations of a problem are known, the non‐dimensionalization of these equations (applied in their classical form) is a useful and widely used method that can be used to identify the dimensionless groups that rule the solution. However, neither this technique nor dimensional analysis necessarily provides the most precise solution in terms of the sought numbers. The use of discrimination, a qualitative rather than quantitative extension of the non‐dimensionalization method, has demonstrated notable advantages over the classical method because it invariably provides a more precise set of dimensionless groups. The basis for the correct application of discrimination depends on a deep understanding of the phenomena involved in the problem, particularly in complex (coupled) problems. In this paper, discriminated non‐dimensionalization is applied to investigate a mixed convection problem in porous media, the Yusa problem. The derived discriminate groups are compared with those already known in the literature and deduced by classical methods. A number of scenarios are numerically solved to check the reliability of the discriminated groups in contrast with classical groups. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LDOC1 Gene Expression in Men With Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Salemi Michele , Condorelli Rosita A. , Longo Giusi , Bullara Valentina , Romano Carmelo , Campagna Cristina , Bosco Paolo , La Vignera Sandro , Calogero Aldo E.
Published: April 2016

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) results from an extra chromosome X, which is due to the failure of normal chromosomal segregation during meiosis. Patients with KS have gynecomastia, small testes, and azoospermia. Apoptosis is a mechanism responsible for the normal regulation of spermatogenesis. LDOC1 gene is a known regulator of nuclear factor mediated pathway to apoptosis through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kappaB). Furthermore, the transcription factor myeloid zinc finger gene 1 (MZF‐1) has been shown to interact with LDOC1 and to enhance LDOC1 activity favoring apoptosis. We investigated the expression of LDOC1 gene mRNA, by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), in peripheral blood leukocytes of 13 patients with KS compared to 13 healthy men chosen as controls. LDOC1 expression was higher in 9 of the 13 KS patient compared to normal controls. These finding led us to hypothesize that LDOC1 gene upregulation may play a role in the spermatogenesis derangement observed in patients with KS.
The Influence of Assay Selection on Prothrombin Time Measured in Patients Treated With Rivaroxaban for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shimomura Daiki , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kondo Hirokazu , Tamura Toshihiro , Amano Masashi , Enomoto Soichiro , Onishi Naoaki , Tamaki Yodo , Miyake Makoto , Kaitani Kazuaki , Izumi Chisato , Fukuda Aya , Nakamura Fumihiko , Kawano Seiji
Published: April 2016

Background

Prothrombin time (PT) can provide a qualitative assessment of the relative intensity of anticoagulation by rivaroxaban. More than ten types of assay are available for the measurement of PT in clinical settings, but it is not yet fully understood whether their interactions with rivaroxaban are uniform or inconsistent.

Methods

We examined 139 blood samples from patients taking rivaroxaban. We measured PT using five different commercially available assays. We also evaluated the estimated rivaroxaban concentration using a chromogenic anti‐factor Xa assay.

Results

The median estimated concentration of rivaroxaban was 192 ng/ml (interquartile range 85–284 ng/ml). The correlation coefficient (r) between PT and the estimated concentrations of rivaroxaban was as follows: Thromborel S, r = 0.768; Thrombocheck PT, r = 0.861; Coagpia PT‐N, r = 0.909; Neoplastin Plus, r = 0.882; and Triniclot PT Excel S, r = 0.870. The gradients of the regression plots differed more than fourfold, and the standard deviation of the regression line ranged from 1.001 to 2.980, which tended to be higher for the assays with the higher regression slope gradients.

Conclusion

The estimated concentration of rivaroxaban varied greatly depending on the assay, so the PT measured in patients taking rivaroxaban should be interpreted with caution.
Common Salivary Protein 1 in Serum of Diabetes Patients
Authors: Wang HongTao , Heo Seok‐Mo , Jin Heung Yong , Choi Eui Yul , Oh Sang Wook
Published: April 2016

Background

Recently, the human common salivary protein 1 (CSP1) was identified as an ortholog of the Demilune cell and parotid protein of mouse. However, its function remains to be determined. Here, we show that the serum CSP1 concentration of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is much higher than that of healthy controls.

Methods

Recombinant human CSP1 was expressed as a Glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐tagged protein, and the purified fusion protein was used as an immunogen to generate monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CSP1. The produced mAb was tested as a probe in Western blotting of human saliva and in immunohistochemistry of various human tissues. The serum CSP1 levels of 31 DM patients and 38 normal adults were quantified by a house‐fabricated CSP1 sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system.

Results

Immunoblot analysis by mAb‐hCSP1#4 showed that CSP1 in human saliva exists in a 27 kDa glycosylated form. Among the various human tissues tested, the salivary gland was the only tissue stained with mAb‐hCSP1#4 by immunohistochemistry. Quantification of serum CSP1 concentration by CSP1 ELISA showed that the median values (25th–75th percentile) of DM patients and healthy adults were 22.2 (15.8–28.2) and 3.2 (0–11.4), respectively. Student's t‐test results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The significant difference between the CSP1 levels of the two groups indicated that CSP1 would be a potential biomarker for detection or screening of DM patients.
Impact of an Institutional Change in Prothrombin Time Methodology on INR and MELD Scores in Liver Transplant Evaluations
Authors: Kumral Dennis , Caldwell Stephen H. , Argo Curtis K.
Published: April 2016

Background

Allocation of liver grafts based on the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) has been questioned because the prothrombin time (PT) measurement in cirrhosis patients changes with different commercially available thromboplastin reagents due to variations in the international sensitivity index (ISI). Our hospital laboratory electively changed the thromboplastin used in the PT/INR from PT‐HS (ISI of 1.464) to Recombiplastin (ISI of 0.870). Theoretically, this change may yield lower INR and MELD scores in cirrhosis patients at our institution and thus impact access to organs.

Methods

27 patients listed for liver transplant prior to change in thromboplastin (Cohort A) were compared to 36 patients listed after the change (Cohort B).

Results

Patients in Cohort A had a mean INR of 1.41 and mean MELD of 13.9 compared to Cohort B with a mean INR of 1.39 and mean MELD of 13.8. Student's t‐tests showed no statistically significant difference in INR (p = 0.799) or MELD (p = 0.955) between cohorts.

Conclusion

We expected overall INR and MELD scores to decrease following the change to a thromboplastin with a lower ISI. On the contrary, we found no evidence of a major trend in these values supporting the relative robustness of the MELD.
An Improved PCR‐RFLP Assay for the Detection of a Polymorphism rs2289487 of PLIN1 Gene
Authors: Feng Xiaolei , Wang Sihua , Duan Xiaoran , Li Chunyang , Yan Zhen , Feng Feifei , Yu Songcheng , Wu Yongjun , Wang Wei
Published: April 2016

Background

In recent research, it has been shown that rs2289487 within the PLIN1 gene has different variants that have been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other diseases. However, the isochizomers such as the BsmI enzyme required for detection of this polymorphism through polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method are expensive. In this study, we aimed to explore a novel PCR‐RFLP method for identifying the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs2289487 of PLIN1 gene.

Methods

A new restriction enzyme site was created through created restriction site PCR. In the forward primer, a deoxynucleotide A was substituted with C, and after PCR a new restriction enzyme site for BstUI was introduced into the PCR products. A total of 108 samples from Han Chinese were tested to evaluate this new method.

Results

Allele frequencies in the Asian population were 0.326 for allele A and 0.674 for allele G, and the genotype frequencies were 12.8% for AA, 39.5% for AG, and 47.7% for GG.

Conclusion

The PCR‐RFLP with new site for detecting the SNP of rs2289487 is an improved method with low cost and high accuracy.
Relationship Between Serum High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein and Myocardial Infarction in a General Japanese Population
Authors: Sugiyama Teruyuki , Ishikawa Shizukiyo , Kotani Kazuhiko , Gotoh Tadao , Itoh Yoshihisa , Kayaba Kazunori , Kajii Eiji
Published: April 2016

Background

Due to ethic differences in its serum levels, clinical applicability of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) to the primary prevention of atherosclerotic events has not completely been established in Japanese people whose hsCRP levels are lower than in Western people. This study investigated the relationship between hsCRP and myocardial infarction (MI) in general Japanese people.

Methods

In relation to hsCRP, the incidence of MI was determined in a multiregional population‐based prospective cohort study (n = 6,637; mean age 54.9 years; 2,513 men/4,124 women).

Results

Fifty‐six cases of MI were confirmed during a follow‐up period of 10.7 years. The cut‐off levels of hsCRP between the highest quartile (fourth quartile) and the other quartiles combined were 0.368 mg/l in men and 0.279 mg/l in women. The hazard ratio (HR) of the highest quartile for MI was significantly greater than that of the other quartiles combined (multivariate‐adjusted HR: 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–4.15) in men, but not in women (1.03, 0.35–2.21).

Conclusions

In this population, serum hsCRP measurement predicted MI in men, but not in women. Under the low hsCRP level, a method of applicability of hsCRP to a risk assessment for preventing MI among Japanese people should be further explored.
Causative Agents of Onychomycosis: A 7‐Year Study
Authors: Chadeganipour Mostafa , Mohammadi Rasoul
Published: April 2016

Background

Onychomycosis is principally caused by dermatophyte species, but nondermatophyte molds and yeasts have also been involved, causing different clinical manifestations. The aim of this investigation is to determine the clinicomycological and epidemiological profile of the etiologic agents of onychomycosis.

Methods

The study population included 9,785 suspected cases of onychomycosis referred to the Medical Mycology Reference Laboratory in Isfahan, Iran, during 2007–2014. Nail clipping was collected in sterile Petri dishes for direct microscopic examination and culture. Clinical isolates were identified by using phenotypic tests and molecular techniques.

Results

Of total 9,785 cases with clinical suspicion of onychomycosis comprised in the present study, 1,284 patients (13.1%) were positive by direct microscopy. Age range of patients was between 1 and 82 years. Housewives were the commonest infected population. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species isolated from patients in this study (34.9%) followed by Trichophyton interdigitale (11.7%) and Aspergillus flavus (9.1%).

Conclusion

The pattern of causative agents and clinical signs of onychomycosis is altering region to region, so repeated epidemiological surveys of onychomycosis seems to be fundamental. The present study provides novel and appropriate epidemiologic data of onychomycosis for the better prevention and treatment of this fungal infection.
Comparing the Natural and Anthropogenic Sodium Channel Blockers Tetrodotoxin and Indoxacarb in Garter Snakes
Authors: Neuman‐Lee Lorin A. , Brodie Edmund D. , Hansen Tyler , Brodie Edmund D. , French Susannah S.
Published: April 2016

Synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, are used in a variety of ways in the agricultural industry. Anthropogenic chemicals pose a unique challenge to organisms because of the lack of evolutionary history between the chemical and the organism. However, research has shown that some organisms have a resistance to these synthetic chemicals due to their evolved resistance to a natural compound with a similar structure or mode of action. Indoxacarb (INDOX) is a relatively new pesticide with a similar mode of action to that of tetrodotoxin (TTX). Tetrodotoxin is a naturally occurring toxin that is used as an antipredator defense in the rough‐skinned newt (Taricha granulosa). Some populations of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) have developed a resistance to tetrodotoxin. Here, we investigated the correlation between TTX and INDOX resistance in snakes. We hypothesized that INDOX would induce a much higher stress response than the naturally occurring TTX. We injected each snake with tetrodotoxin (1 mass‐adjusted mouse unit). We did the same with mass‐adjusted units of INDOX. We measured corticosterone, testosterone, and bactericidal ability. Our results show an acute stress response to INDOX, but not TTX through an elevate corticosterone and innate immune response, although there was no difference in testosterone concentration. These results suggest that, although INDOX may have a similar mechanism of action, garter snakes do not react in a similar manner as to TTX. This research gives a physiological perspective on the differences between naturally occurring compounds and synthetic compounds.
A Novel Synthesis of 2‐Ferrocenoyl‐Substituted Iodobenzofurans
Authors: Li Yang , Zhuoma Bairenqing , Gao Wentao
Published: April 2016

In the present investigation, the first construction of a series of structurally new 2‐ferrocenoyl‐substituted iodobenzofurans hybrids has been achieved through a simple and mild two‐step procedure, involving the iodination of salicylaldehydes using N‐iodosuccinimide reagent in eco‐friendly PEG‐400 medium at room temperature followed by one‐pot Rap–Stoermer reaction with 1‐chloroacetylferrocene in refluxing MeCN with the presence of K2CO3 as base and PEG‐400 as the activated additive. These newly synthesized compounds belong to a new class of ferrocene‐benzofuran hybrids and could be good candidates for the development of compounds for use in medicinal chemistry.
A Simple and Ecofriendly One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3‐Cyanopyridine‐Quinoline Hybrids via a Triphenyphosphine‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Ladraa Souheila , Chioua Mourad , Belfaitah Ali
Published: April 2016

A simple and convenient one‐pot method has been used for the synthesis of new polycyclic compounds articulated around 3‐cyanopyridine derivatives from 2‐chloroquinolin‐3‐carbaldehydes, acetophenone derivatives, active methylene compounds, and ammonium acetate as a source of ammonia in the presence of catalytic amounts of PPh3 at room temperature. The salient features of the protocol used are mild reaction conditions, good yields, short reaction time, safety, and high atom economy. No column chromatographic was needed, and pure products were obtained by simple filtration and washing with Et2O.
Irradiation effects in CaF2 probed by Raman scattering
Authors: Alencar I. , Ruiz‐Fuertes J. , Schwartz K. , Trautmann C. , Bayarjargal L. , Haussühl E. , Winkler B.
Published: April 2016

The formation conditions and dynamics of Ca colloids and point defects that appear in irradiated single crystals of CaF2 were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The intensity changes in the Raman spectra because of the presence of different concentrations of point defects and Ca colloids that emerged in CaF2 after irradiation with 2.2 GeV Au ions were used to study their distribution and stability under illumination with three laser wavelengths (473, 532 and 633 nm) at different output powers (2 to 200 mW). A damage saturation at a fluence of 6 × 1011 ion cm−2 was observed. The dependence of the spectral changes on the ion fluence can be described by a core/halo damage cross‐section model. A radius of 13–18 nm was obtained for the outer (halo) cylinder, in agreement with previous swelling studies. Illuminations of irradiated samples with blue (473 nm) and green (532 nm) lasers were found to be extremely efficient in bleaching the samples, while illumination with a red (633 nm) laser did not lead to a sample recovery. This indicates that the bleaching process is governed by recombination of point defects that have to overcome an energy barrier. Typical time constants for the processes involved are presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic‐assisted versus open radical gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer: Systematic review, meta‐analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Hui‐Zi , Chen Jia‐Xi , Zheng Yang , Zhu Xiang‐Nan
Published: April 2016

Background

Previous studies comparing laparoscopic‐assisted to open gastrectomy (OG) for resectable gastric cancer were inexhaustive, so an updated meta‐analysis was performed to clarify quality of life, patient satisfaction, safety and effectiveness associated with laparoscopic‐assisted gastrectomy (LAG).

Methods

Pubmed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LAG with OG for resectable gastric cancer. Relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with random‐effects model. Furthermore, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was employed to indicate the credibility of pooled estimate.

Results

Fourteen RCTs totaling 2,307 gastric cancer patients (1,163 in laparoscopic and 1,144 in open) were included. Compared with OG, LAG showed higher patient satisfaction and quality of life, less blood loss, hospital stay and overall postoperative morbidity, and longer operating time, which were confirmed by TSA. LAG also accelerated time to first flatus, first walking and first intake and reduced frequency of analgesic administration and days of fever. There were no significant difference between the two groups in number of retrieved lymph nodes, mortality, recurrence, long‐term overall survival and disease‐free survival.

Conclusion

For patients with resectable gastric cancer, LAG decreased blood loss, length of hospital stay and overall postoperative morbidity and improved postsurgical recovery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:756–767. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcome of regenerative therapy for age‐related vocal fold atrophy with basic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Ohno Satoshi , Hirano Shigeru , Yasumoto Akiyoshi , Ikeda Hiroki , Takebayashi Shinji , Miura Makoto
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Age‐related vocal fold atrophy has become a significant voice disorder as the elderly population grows. However, several therapeutic challenges have limited attempts to improve voice quality. We reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulates fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrices such as hyaluronic acid in the lamina propria, leading to a regeneration of pliable vocal folds in animal models. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of bFGF for the treatment of age‐related vocal fold atrophy.

Study Design

Prospective study.

Methods

Six patients with age‐related vocal fold atrophy underwent injection of bFGF in their vocal folds. Vocal outcomes and stroboscopic examinations were evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after the injection. The outcome measures included the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10), GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale, maximum phonation time (MPT), the amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ), and the pitch perturbation quotient (PPQ).

Results

The VHI‐10 was significantly improved 6 months after bFGF injection. The GRBAS scale, MPT, APQ, and PPQ were also improved. Stroboscopic examinations showed significant improvement of glottic closure and better mucosal wave.

Conclusions

This is the first study to evaluate the regenerative effects of bFGF injection for the treatment of age‐related vocal fold atrophy using the VHI‐10. Injection of bFGF significantly improved VHI‐10 scores and glottal insufficiency for at least 6 months.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:1844–1848, 2016
Impact of partial and total tonsillectomy on adenoid regrowth
Authors: Babademez Mehmet Ali , Gul Fatih , Muz Engin , Muderris Togay , Kale Hayati
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare the rates of adenoid regrowth in children who underwent total tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TA) versus partial intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (ITA).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

A medical database was used to retrieve the records of 5,120 children younger than 12 years of age who had an adenoidectomy in combination with a tonsil surgery between April 2008 and September 2014. Children who had symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea without a history of recurrent tonsillitis, and underwent an endoscopic adenoidectomy with a microdebrider, in addition to a traditional tonsillectomy or partial tonsillectomy with coblation, were included in the study. Adenoid regrowth was evaluated in the children who completed at least a 1‐year follow‐up. The sizes of adenoids were subjectively graded and reported based upon a numerical scale.

Results

In total, 1,504 and 1,340 children met the inclusion, and were comprised of ITA and TA groups, respectively. Adenoid regrowth was seen in 98 (7.3%) children in the TA group after 1‐year follow‐up. Symptomatic adenoid regrowth was seen in 19 (1.4%) children in the TA group. In the ITA group, although 71 (4.7%) children had adenoid regrowth, only one (0.06%) reached grade 3 hypertrophy that could be attributed to nasal obstruction at 1‐year follow‐up. Comparison of the regrowth rates of both groups at the end of the 1‐year follow‐up period showed a statistically significant difference (P < .001).

Conclusions

ITA seems to be a safe procedure with a low incidence of regrowth of adenoid tissue in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy when compared to TA.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:753–756, 2017
Peripheral vestibular pathology in Mondini dysplasia
Authors: Kaya Serdar , Hızlı Ömer , Kaya Fatıma Kübra , Monsanto Rafael DaCosta , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

In this study, our objective was to histopathologically analyze the peripheral vestibular system in patients with Mondini dysplasia.

Study Design

Comparative human temporal bone study.

Methods

We assessed the sensory epithelium of the human vestibular system with a focus on the number of type I and type II hair cells, as well as the total number of hair cells. We compared those numbers in our Mondini dysplasia group versus our control group.

Results

The loss of type I and type II hair cells in the cristae of the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals, as well as in the saccular and utricular macula, was significantly higher in our Mondini dysplasia group than in our control group. The total number of hair cells significantly decreased in the cristae of the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals, as well as in the saccular and utricular macula, in our Mondini dysplasia group.

Conclusion

Loss of vestibular hair cells can lead to vestibular dysfunction in patients with Mondini dysplasia.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 127:206–209, 2017