bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faculty Perceptions of the Professional Development Workshops Conducted at Sultan Qaboos University
Authors: Al-Musawi A.
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to analyse the faculty perceptions of the development workshops conducted at Sultan Qaboos University, the only public university in the Sultanate of Oman. Following a needs assessment, a proposed plan for professional development workshops was developed, with the resultant workshops being delivered in 2001. Findings show that most participants positively perceive the components of the workshops, which reflect to some extent, the participants’ satisfaction. Qualitative analysis of data shows that the participants see some strengths, weaknesses, and improvements in these workshops. The study summarises the conclusions, implications and recommendations.
Editorial 6.1
Authors: Lefoe Geraldine
Published: September 2021

Welcome to the first issue of Volume Six of the Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. This issue contains six papers exploring a range of issues relating to teaching and learning practice and marks my first issue as Senior Editor. I would like to extend our thanks to Associate Professor Helen Carter, who has been Senior Editor of JUTLP since its inception and contributed significantly to the establishment of the journal. This edition also marks a significant change for the organisation of the journal as it is now published through an automated system providing authors, reviewers and editors with up to date information on the submission and review process, allowing authors to track their article through to publication.
A model for determining student plagiarism: Electronic detection and academic judgement
Authors: Bretag Tracey , Mahmud Saadia
Published: September 2021

This paper provides insights based on the authors’ own practice as university instructors, researchers and arbitrators of student plagiarism. Recognising the difficulty in defining plagiarism while still acknowledging the practical importance of doing so, the authors find the common element between the various types of plagiarism to be the lack of appropriate attribution to the original source. The use of electronic text-matching software to detect different types of plagiarism is explored, and a model presented for identifying potential plagiarism in students’ work. The authors conclude that despite its shortcomings, electronic detection in combination with manual analysis, nuanced academic judgement and clear processes provide the means to determine if plagiarism has occurred.
Predicting Satisfaction with Group Work Assignments
Authors: Burdett Jane , Hastie Brianne
Published: September 2021

Universities are increasingly using group based assessment tasks; however, as with workplace teams, such tasks often elicit mixed feelings from participants. This study investigated factors that may predict student satisfaction with group work at university. Final-year business students completed a questionnaire addressing experiences of group work. Quantitative and qualitative data suggest that the major barrier to students’ group work satisfaction was workload issues. Conversely, perceptions of learning and feelings of group-based achievement contributed most to satisfaction. Knowledge of predictors of satisfaction allows teaching staff to identify potential problems in groups, and improve the quality of the group work experience.
Developing Transferable Research Skills in First Year Agricultural Economics Students
Authors: Koppi Tony , Nolan Elizabeth , Field Damien
Published: September 2021

A problem-based learning approach was adopted for a unit of study in first year agricultural economics at the University of Sydney with the aim of starting development of students’ research skills earlier than usual. The novel teaching approach employed a structured and guided problem activity in the first semester and progressed to a more authentic problem activity in the second semester where the students worked in online peer groups to identify their own problem within a specified challenging area (market failure), carry out research and discuss findings prior to submitting an individual essay on their chosen topic. A structured learning journal with 10 questions was used in the second semester where the students recorded their reflections on a range of aspects of the learning process. None of the questions specifically asked about research yet 72% of the students mentioned it at least once. These learning journals were analysed for unsolicited comments about learning and research to gauge what the students themselves believed they had learned about research and how it can be transferred to other disciplines and future employment. The final essays were independently analysed by using eight research performance criteria to estimate the degree of research skills displayed by the students. Most of the students performed well in six of the research criteria indicating that development of research skills can be initiated in the first year of a degree program.
Multi-level Linking of Teaching and Extra-curricular Activity with Professional Planning Research: The Case of the Lincoln Planning Review
Authors: Rennie Hamish
Published: September 2021

The experience in developing a student-led academic journal, the Lincoln Planning Review, to provide experiential learning that links undergraduates in a small professional planning programme directly to research publication is described. A combination of circumstances, including an impending review of the programme by the external professional body, provided the impetus for the project. From the outset, the intention was to directly link students across the learning cohorts with research while meeting a number of other objectives. Reflecting on the experience highlights the value of the journal as a framework to build confidence, critical thinking and research skills through developing a learning community that practices collaborative peer learning.
BIOSYNTHESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL METHOD FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIOSURFACTANT UTILIZING WASTE POTATO PEELS
Authors: Pande Vishal , Patel Vipul , Salunke Priyanka , Patel Unnati
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research work was to create compelling strategy for biosurfactant generation by waste potato peels and pulp utilizing mutated B.subtilis DDU20161. Major parameters like creation of medium, fomentation, and pH were kept up in the investigation. The ideal biosurfactant yield by acetone extraction technique was 253.79 mg L-1 with biomass of 3.56 gL-1 at 40 h. The produced biosurfactant was characterised by studying surface tension, emulsification index, TLC, CMC and FTIR. The highest emulsification index was 75.05% in benzene, Critical micelle concentration(CMC) was found to be 0.028μM, and FT-IR study revealed presence of peptide bond at 3188cm-1 (=N-H). The results of stability study indicated that the produced biosurfactant is stable at 300-1000C without any significant change in surface tension properties of biosurfactant. The shaped biosurfactant was found to be stable in alkaline pH. The present work was focussed on developing a production methods utilizing acetone precipitation system.
The Impact of Business Cycles, Stock Market Phases and Crisis on the Value Premium: The Indian Experience
Authors:   Senior Research Fellow at Department of Commerce, Delhi school of Economics, University of Delhi, Aggarwal Priti , Tripathi Vanita ,   Professor, Department of Commerce, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi
Published: September 2021

Purpose :This paper is an attempt to explore the relationship between the value premium and expected stock returns in the Indian stock market and evaluates whether the value premium disappears or not when the different economic conditions (Boom & Recession), market conditions (Bull & Bear) and 2008 Global financial crisis are considered. Methodology: The annual data of 500 companies belonging to BSE-500 from 1999- 2017 was collected and ten portfolios were constructed and sorted using six valuation proxies (P/B, P/E, D/P/, CF/P, S/P and EV/PBDITA). Standard CAPM and Dual beta market model were employed. Findings: The empirical results confirm that irrespective of market conditions, value stock portfolios surpass growth stock portfolios in the Indian stock market by delivering significant abnormal returns. Practical implications: The paper holds important implications for asset pricing literature and investors. The higher returns generated by value stocks during the crisis and recession period imply that investors can put faith in the value stocks during times of adversity. The future value of an investment is a function of its present price. The lower the price, the higher the returns will be. Therefore, value stocks are good investments whether it is boom or recession, bull or bear, crisis or non-crisis periods. Originality: The paper is first of its kind to study the impact of business cycles, stock market phases and crisis on the value premium in the Indian stock market. The paper contributes to portfolio management and asset pricing literature for an emerging market.
The Effects of Utilizing Telegram App to Enhance Students’ ESL Writing Skills
Authors: Dollah Murni Hayati binti Mohd , Nair Subadrah Madhawa , Wider Walton
Published: September 2021

Mobile learning provides students to learn anywhere without the need of physical classroom. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether the utilization of Telegram app can enhance students’ ESL writing skills. The second objective is to investigate whether the utilization of Telegram app can enhance students’ perceptions towards ESL writing skills. Quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was employed in this study. The students from the experimental group were given a pre-test (descriptive writing test) via Telegram app and their essays were marked by their teacher. The experiment lasted four weeks, and students were taught ESL writing skills using the Telegram app during that time. After the intervention a post-test was administered. This study used two types of instruments, pre- test, post-tests and a questionnaire. The data from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using the paired sample t-test, and the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study shows some interesting findings. Firstly, the results indicate that the utilization of Telegram app enhances students’ performance in their overall ESL writing; spelling, punctuation, organization, vocabulary, grammar, content quality and creativity. In addition, students’ perceptions towards ESL writing skills enhanced significantly. This study has effective pedagogical implication because utilization of Telegram app helps to improve students’ writing skills. Furthermore, the findings suggest that ESL teachers can use Telegram app as an alternative method in teaching writing skills.
Rare-Earth Doped Upconverting Nanophosphors for Light-Mediated Biocidal Surface Development
Authors:   INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Canada, Hazra Chanchal
Published: September 2021

Since the earliest civilization, diminishing the occurrence and subsequent transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in the indoor environment has been one of the utmost priorities to the human society. In line with intensive research towards the surface disinfection through the use of several photocatalytic processes, rare-earth doped upconverting nanophosphors (UCNPs) have recently drawn a great attention on the basis of their purely optical phenomenon of directly converting visible light into germicidal ultraviolet radiation (namely ultraviolet C) via the unique photoluminescence process namely ‘upconversion’. The efficient upconversion of abundant visible light into ultraviolet photons in the germicidal range and, consequently, effective biocidal action while coated onto surfaces enable UCNPs as a potential candidate to be used for inhibiting germ spreading through the inanimate surface in public places, hospitals and so forth.
A new species of Papuina von Martens, 1860 from Nabire, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Parsons Jeff
Published: September 2021

T This paper describes a new species of Papuina von Martens, 1860 from forest near the Nabire River, SE Cenderawasih (Geelvnik) Bay in Papua Province, Indonesia. Shell periphery, pattern, sculpture, apertural features and coloration separate it from relatives with shells of similar size and shape.
The Fossil Cypraeidae of the Fruitville Member (Unit 3) and Kissimmee River Valley Equivalent, Tamiami Formation of Southern Florida: (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeidae)
Authors: Daughenbaugh John
Published: September 2021

Four species of the Pahayokea (Gardnericypraea) Petuch and Drolshagen, 2011 subgenus are reclassified as Akleistostoma (Gardnericypraea) subgenus species. This represents a continuation of geographically separate, but parallel, evolutionary tracks throughout the Piacenzian Pliocene Tamiami Formation
Canarium urceus (Linné, 1758) Studies Part 1: The Recircumscription of Strombus urceus Linné, 1758 (Neostromboidae: Strombidae),” Strombus urceus Linné, 1758 (Neostromboidae: Strombidae)
Authors: Maxwell Stephen , Rymer Tasmin , Dekkers Aart
Published: September 2021

Strombus urceus Linné, 1758 is a gastropod species that is one of the most variable and well documented through the centuries. However, we found the present identity of Strombus urceus misleading. Abbott (1960) designated the type locality, and confirmed type specimen, based on the microfiche of the Uppsala University, Museum of Evolution Zoology Section Collection, which formed the basic reference set for the Museum S:æ R:æ M:tis Luovicæ Ulricæ (1764), Linné’s primary set of organisms from which he ordered the species in the Systema Naturae. This review resolves the taxonomic identity of Strombus urceus Linné, 1758 (= Canarium urceus (Linné, 1758)) through conforming the type and explicitly defining a range for that phenotype, and this then providesthebasisforfutureworkthatwilldeal withthegreaterStrombusurceus Linné,1758diverse phenotypiccomplexanditscurrentlyassignedregionalformsandvarietiesbythepresentauthors.
A new subspecies of Papuina antiqua (Adams & Reeve, 1850) from Yapen Island, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Parsons Jeff , Abbas John
Published: September 2021

This paper describes a new subspecies of Papuina antiqua (Adams & Reeve, 1850) from forested hills east of Serui on the south coast of Yapen Island in Papua Province, Indonesia. The pink coloration of the early whorls and minor differences in sculpture separates it from Papuina antiqua and its other named subspecies and form.
Two New Fossil Species of Subpterynotus Olsson and Harbison, 1953 (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Muricopsinae) from Southern Florida
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

Two new species of the muricid genus Subpterynotus Olsson and Harbison, 1953 are named from the Neogene fossil beds of southern Florida. These include Subpterynotus gabbi n. sp. from the Early Pleistocene (Gelasian Age) Fort Denaud Member of the Caloosahatchee Formation, and S. feliciae n. sp. from the Late Pliocene (Piacenzian Age) Pinecrest Member of the Tamiami Formation. Both new species had previously been incorrectly assigned to the Langhian Miocene taxon S. textilis (Gabb, 1872) from the Baitoa Formation of the Dominican Republic. Another Floridian species, S. miamiensis Petuch, 1994 from the late Piacenzian Fruitville Member of the Tamiami Formation, is redescribed and compared to S. gabbi, and S. feliciae.
A new subspecies of the Eugeniconus nobilis complex from north-western Sumbawa, Indonesia
Authors: Parsons Jeff , Abbas John , Lie Steven
Published: September 2021

This paper describes a new member of the Eugeniconus nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) complex from Bungin Island in north-western Sumbawa, Indonesia. It shares some of the features of the subspecies found on geographically separated neighbouring islands and the nominate subspecies. To recognize the distinctness of this new population we name it as a new subspecies in honour of Steven Lie’s daughter
The Vowels of Qassimi Dialect
Authors: Al-Numair Lubna Sulaiman
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the vowels of the Qassimi dialect and explores the characteristic features of those vowels. To achieve this goal, the researcher has compiled a list of Qassimi words. Each word represents a major allophone of each vowel phoneme. These words were then repeated by Qassimi female speakers from Buraidah and recorded by the researcher. The data was subjected to acoustic analysis, and the results were compared to the acoustic results of English vowels. The analysis showed many similarities in the characteristics of both Qassimi and English vowels. However, it also showed some significant differences that distinguish the vowel system of Qassimi from the English vowel system as well as other Saudi dialects. This study sheds light on those differences, however it is left to future studies to investigate further and possibly compare other aspects of these dialects. This study contributes to the theoretical description of Saudi dialects, an area that needs many more contributions. In addition, this paper could be a part of the contrastive studies of Arabic and English, second language acquisition studies, or various other applied studies.
Orthodontic brackets’ shear bond strengths after applying remineralizing agents
Authors: Özant Yusuf , Ay Ünüvar Yazgı
Published: September 2021

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to measure the effects of white spot lesions treatment agents on the shear bond strengths (SBSs) and adhesive residual indexes (ARIs) of orthodontic brackets.

Methodology: This study used 100 human premolar teeth randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 comprised those with intact enamel, Group 2 comprised those with demineralized enamel and Groups 3–5 comprised those demineralized enamel that was treated with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), fluoride varnish and a resin infiltrant, respectively. Brackets were bonded to the teeth using the conventional method, then the samples were thermocycled and tested for SBS using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant indexes (ARI) of the brackets were also evaluated. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups’ SBSs and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate the groups’ ARI scores. Results were considered statistically significant if p was less than 0.05.

Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups (F was 6.895 and p was less than 0.001). The SBSs of the brackets in Group 4 were significantly lower than those of the other groups (the mean was 13.44 ± 6.37 MPa). Group 5 had the highest mean SBS value (22.11 ± 6.56 MPa). Additionally, the ARI scores of the four groups were significantly different (p was less than 0.001).

Conclusion: Resin infiltration and CPP-ACPF applications can improve bonds to demineralized enamel, while fluoride varnish applications are not recommended for such enamel.

 

How to cite this article: Özant Y, Ay Ünüvar Y. Orthodontic brackets’ shear bond strengths after applying remineralizing agents. Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):67-74. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no2.3

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The evaluation of effectiveness of adhesive systems on dental amalgam restorations
Authors: Ünal Mehmet , Atakul Fatma
Published: September 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different adhesive systems in amalgam restorations and their effects on microleakage.

Methodology: In this study, 105 caries-free extracted human permanent molar teeth were used. Teeth were randomly assigned to five groups (n=21), and class I cavities were created on the surface of each tooth. The first was a control group to which no adhesive system was applied. Amalgam Liner (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven Germany) was applied to Group II, Clearfil SE-Bond (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt Germany) was applied to Group III, Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt Germany) was applied to Group IV, Amalgambond Plus (Parkell Inc.Edgewood, NY USA) was applied to Group V, and then amalgam (Tytin, Kerr, California USA) restorations were placed. After the polishing process, samples were subjected to thermocycling 1,000 times. Teeth were sectioned bucco-palatinally/lingually, and microleakage scores of the occlusal walls were evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 15X magnification by a standardized scale ranging from 0 to 4. One tooth was selected randomly from each group for SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and SEM LEO EVO 40 (LEO Ltd., Cambridge UK) photographs of amalgam-tooth hard tissue interfaces were also taken at different magnifications. The results of the microleakage tests were statistically analyzed by both the Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Mann Whitney U Test.

Results: In terms of microleakage among groups, the differences that were determined were significant (p<0.05). Microleakage within the control group was determined to be the highest, and statistically important differences were observed between the other groups. Group V (Amalgambond Plus) was determined to have the lowest microleakage scores.

Conclusion: In prepared class I cavities, amalgam adhesive systems are effective in preventing occlusal microleakage but do not completely blocked it.

 

How to cite this article: Ünal M, Atakul F. The evaluation of effectiveness of adhesive systems on dental amalgam restorations. Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):83-92. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no2.5

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Strafrecht Besonderer Teil I
Authors: Kindhäuser Urs , Schramm Edward
Published: September 2021

Mord, Totschlag und Körperverletzung zählen im Studium zu den beliebtesten Beispielen, um allgemeine strafrechtliche Probleme und Grundsätze zu illustrieren. Dabei bieten diese Tatbestände selbst eine Vielzahl examensrelevanter Fragen, die es in Klausur, Hausarbeit und mündlicher Prüfung sicher zu lösen gilt. Selbiges gilt für die Urkunden- und die gemeingefährlichen Delikte.

Das Lehrbuch "Strafrecht BT I" befasst sich intensiv mit diesen Fragestellungen, wobei auf eine kurze Einführung zu Zweck und Struktur der Vorschrift, Definitionen und Erläuterungen der Tatbestandsmerkmale in der Prüfungsreihenfolge des strafrechtlichen Gutachtens folgen. Abschließend wird auf typische ausbildungsrelevante Problemstellungen und Zusammenhänge mit den Lehren des Allgemeinen Teils verwiesen. Bei den komplizierteren Delikten helfen spezifische Hinweise bei der Fallprüfung.

Die 10. Auflage geht bereits auf die jüngsten Gesetzesänderungen zum sog. Cyberstalking und auf die neue Strafvorschrift des Betreibens krimineller Plattformen im Internet ein.
Friedensjournalismus
Authors: Kempf Wilhelm
Published: September 2021

25 years after the project of peace journalism was launched, the author of this book takes stock of what theoretical, empirical and experimental research and development have achieved since then, and how peace journalism itself has developed further: from an alternative to the propaganda bias of conventional war reporting towards a model of constructive coverage of international and domestic conflicts of any degree of escalation up to everyday conflicts of interest, as are inevitable in a democratic society, and negotiations for the purpose of constructive dispute settlement.
Kommunalrecht Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Engel Rüdiger , Heilshorn Torsten
Published: September 2021

Dargestellt werden neben den Grundzügen des Kommunalrechts aktuelle Themen des Unions- und Vergaberechts sowie des neuen Haushaltsrechts. Studierenden, kommunaler Praxis und Wissenschaft wird ein fundierter, aktueller und systematischer Überblick des Kommunalrechts verschafft, der den Zugang zu diesem heterogenen Rechtsgebiet erleichtert. Besonderer Wert wird dabei auf die Lösung der im kommunalen Alltag auftauchenden Probleme gelegt, z. B. Zuständigkeitsverteilung Bürgermeister-Gemeinderat, Organisation des Gemeinderats, Ablauf der Gemeinderatssitzung, Zulassung zu öffentlichen Einrichtungen, Probleme der wirtschaftlichen Tätigkeit der Gemeinden.

Die Autoren sind langjährige Kenner der kommunalen Praxis:

Ltd. StRD Dr. Rüdiger Engel ist seit mehr als 20 Jahren in leitenden Funktionen in der Stadtverwaltung Freiburg i.Br. tätig, RA Dr. Torsten Heilshorn ist Partner einer auf Öffentliches Recht spezialisierten Kanzlei, die viele Kommunen berät. Beide sind nebenberuflich Lehrbeauftragte an der Universität Freiburg und veröffentlichen zum Verfahrensrecht, zum Bau-, Umwelt- und Kommunalrecht.
Flüchtlingsaufnahme kontrovers
Authors: Sinnemann Maria , Ahrens Petra-Angela
Published: September 2021

What are the incentives of people who take part in civic engagement concerning the admission of refugees into their country? Based on activities either to support and help refugees or to limit their admission and intensify refugee policies, this representative study focuses on personal motives, values and goals. It shows that not only do socio-structural characteristics and specific issues have to be considered as explanatory factors, but so do fundamental lines of conflict. Signs of obvious polarisation are rarely found. However, different priorities are just as much expressions of acting on subjective maxims, and therefore there are no simple solutions to bridging ideological divisions.

The book is volume 2 of this research project and offers readers an exciting insight into the motives, values and goals of those involved. Both volumes can also be purchased as a package.
Zur Haftung der offenen Handelsgesellschaft als Verwalterin und ihrer Gesellschafter im Eigenverwaltungsverfahren
Authors: Feuerhelm Nils
Published: September 2021

Mit Stärkung des Eigenverwaltungsverfahrens durch das ESUG ist auch die Frage der Haftung von Geschäftsleitungsorganen immer wieder in den Mittelpunkt gerückt und wurde – zumindest für die GmbH – bereits umfassend behandelt. Nach welchen Vorschriften die Geschäftsführungsorgane von Personengesellschaften bei Verletzung ihrer insolvenzspezifischen Pflichten zur Verantwortung gezogen werden können, bleibt dagegen weitgehend ungeklärt. Die Arbeit untersucht im Schwerpunkt, ob sich die bereits für die Kapitalgesellschaft entwickelten Grundsätze übertragen lassen und ob die speziell für die Personengesellschaft geltende Haftungsvorschrift des § 128 HGB im Eigenverwaltungsverfahren angewendet werden kann.
Das Verhältnis der Nahezu-100%-Vermutung aus dem EU-Kartellrecht zur Weisungsfreiheit des Vorstands einer Aktiengesellschaft
Authors: Marques Marcel
Published: September 2021

With the economic unit in European antitrust law, the ECJ has created a way to impute conduct between companies. The culmination of the economic unit represents the almost 100%presumption. In particular due to the extensive interpretation of the economic unit, the question arises as to whether there are cases in which the presumption is not applicable. A possible limit to the presumption could arise from the independence of the board of directors of a stock corporation. The paper examines the dogmatic classification of the presumption and addresses the question whether the independence of the board of directors affects the presumption.
Selbstsorge im Modus der Mitsorge
Authors: Lippmann Christine
Published: September 2021

Voluntary involvement in care is desirable from a socio-political point of view and is the subject of controversial debate in both academia and practice. This study makes a new contribution to this debate by answering the question of how senior volunteers fare when meeting seniors in need of help and care. Numerous cameo cases provide a touching insight into the experience of these volunteers. For the most part, the study reveals the unintended effects of this volunteer work on their own ageing process and uses Thomae's ‘daseinsthematic’ analysis to create a typology of self-care. The study’s findings strengthen our ability to judge the design options for promoting volunteering in care for the elderly.
An Efficient Method for Automated Breast Mass Segmentation and Classification in Digital Mammograms
Authors: Niroomand Fam Behrouz , Nikravanshalmani Alireza , Khalilian Madjid
Published: September 2021

Background: Automatic detection and classification of breast masses in mammograms are still challenging tasks. Today, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are being developed to assist radiologists in interpreting mammograms. Objectives: This study aimed to provide a novel method for automatic segmentation and classification of masses in mammograms to help radiologists make an accurate diagnosis. Materials and Methods: For an efficient mass diagnosis in mammograms, we proposed an automatic scheme to perform both mass detection and classification. First, a combination of several image enhancement algorithms, including contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), guided imaging, and median ﬁltering, was investigated to enhance the visual features of breast area and increase the accuracy of segmentation outcomes. Second, the density of discrete wavelet coefficient density (DDWCs), based on the quincunx lifting scheme (QLS), was proposed to find suspicious mass regions or regions of interest (ROIs). Finally, mass lesions that appeared in the mammogram were classiﬁed into four categories of benign, probably benign, malignant, and probably malignant, based on the morphological shape. The proposed method was evaluated among 1593 images from the Curated Breast Imaging Subset-Digital Database for Screening Mammography (CBIS-DDSM) dataset. Results: The experimental results revealed that the suspected region localization had 100% sensitivity, with a mean of 6.4 ± 4.5 false positive (FP) detections per image. Moreover, the results showed an overall accuracy of 85.9% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901 for the mass classification algorithm. Conclusion: The present results showed the comparable performance of our proposed method to that of the state-of-the-art methods.
Muéstrame Málaga: un recorrido por la historia de la arquitectura guiado por el alumnado
Authors: González Vera Víctor Miguel
Published: September 2021

Dentro del estudio de la aportación y beneficios de la enseñanza de historia de la arquitectura a los estudiantes de Diseño de Interiores, este artículo muestra una experiencia educativa aplicada en Málaga. Se propone al alumnado realizar en equipo una investigación durante todo un semestre sobre un edificio de la ciudad. Al final del mismo, los estudiantes asumen el liderazgo y se convierten en guías de una visita al edificio realizada en grupo. Los propios estudiantes autoevalúan su aprendizaje y evalúan las intervenciones de los compañeros. Los resultados muestran altos índices de percepción de aprendizaje: se confirma que el alumnado reconoce un buen aprendizaje de los conceptos históricos, muestra un mayor conocimiento de los valores de la arquitectura local, es capaz de transmitir su conocimiento al resto reforzando su propio aprendizaje y se produce aprendizaje en grupo, lo que favorece la integración social. La experiencia es exportable a otras ciudades.

Focused on the research into the contribution and benefits of teaching History of Architecture to Interior Design students, this paper exhibits an educational experience conducted in Malaga. During a semester, the class is divided into teams and they are each proposed to investigate a building. At the end of the semester, the students take the lead and become tour guides in a visit to the building along with their schoolmates. They self-evaluate their learning while they also assess the performances of their colleagues. The results show a high rate of learning perception: it is confirmed that the students acknowledge a good learning of historical concepts, there is a better expertise about local architecture values, and they are capable of transmitting their knowledge to the class improving their own learning. Hence, group learning is present, which improves social integration. The experience can be exported to other towns.
Feedback Formation: three teaching projects on robotically manipulated granular materials
Authors: Medina Ibáñez Jesús , Jenny David , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias
Published: September 2021

En esta sección se presentan tres diferentes propuestas sobre fabricación robótica como procesos de diseño dinámico, estudiando la relación entre diseño computacional, fabricación digital y sistemas de materiales complejos en diferentes formatos de enseñanza dentro del departamento de arquitectura de la ETH de Zúrich. Todos estos proyectos exploran el control en la formación de material a través de herramientas digitales, generando un entorno educativo que permite al diseñador interactuar de forma directa y desarrollar un entendimiento intuitivo de los procesos matéricos en cuestión, sugiriendo un enfoque novedoso que vincula el control digital con técnicas de construcción reversibles. 

This chapter presents three different case studies on robotic fabrication as dynamic design processes, exploring the relationship between computational design, digital fabrication, and complex material systems in different teaching formats at the Department of Architecture at ETH Zurich. All projects explore the control of material formations through digital tools, creating an educational environment that allows the designer to directly interact with and develop an intuitive understanding of the material processes at hand, and suggesting a novel approach linking digital control with reversible construction techniques.
La novia del Maule, recreación a escala 1:1
Authors: Zúñiga-Alegría Blanca Maria
Published: September 2021

La falta de experiencias espaciales hacen difícil el avance en la enseñanza de la arquitectura en los primeros años de la carrera de arquitectura, en la Región del Maule, Chile. Es por esto que en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Talca, desde el año 2000, asistiéndonos con experiencias de escala 1:1 desde el primer año, intentamos sortear esta dificultad que presentan de base nuestros estudiantes. Entre los años 2012 y 2014 se trabajó en la reconstitución de casas paradigmáticas, en escala 1:1, en tela, de modo de re-construir de un modo rápido, pero a la vez certero, las principales características de la vivienda escogida como caso de estudio. Con esto se pudo rápidamente tener noción de tamaño, escala e impacto de la casa estudiada. En la última versión llevamos a esta casa a recorrer el territorio de modo de no solo conocer las características de la casa, si no que para ver como esta se veía impactada por el territorio, y viceversa, haciendo que la relación contextual provocara que la percepción de ella cambiara cada vez. 

The lack of spatial experiences makes difficult the architecture teaching during the first career years, at Maule´s Region, Chile. The Architecture School of Universidad de Talca, since the year 2000, has assist the students with 1 to 1 experiences that tackle the gap they´ve carry with them. Between the years 2012 and 2014 we worked on re-build paradigmatic houses, 1 to 1 scale, in fabric, as a way to rapidly but certainly configure the main features of the chosen case study house. With this exercise the students could experience the notion of space, scale and impact of the studied case.  At the last version of this exercise we achieved to take the house into the region territory in order to acknowledge not only the house inner features, but how the house change and mutate when faced to each new context, and vice versa, how the context get an impact when facing the house.
Los retos de la evaluación online en el aprendizaje universitario de la arquitectura
Authors: Onecha Pérez Ana Belén , Sanz Prat Javier , López Valdés Daniel
Published: September 2021

La situación actual generada por la pandemia de la covid-19 ha obligado a realizar online la docencia universitaria tradicionalmente presencial. Esto ha supuesto un reto especial en cuanto a la forma de realizar la evaluación para mantener su validez. En el caso del aprendizaje universitario de la arquitectura el título habilita para ejercer una profesión de alta responsabilidad, por lo que es esencial reflexionar sobre las estrategias para evitar el posible fraude. Esta comunicación describe y analiza los métodos aplicados en una asignatura técnica de primer curso indicando las ventajas y desventajas de cada tipo de prueba. Todo ello entendiendo que debe predominar la metodología docente y los objetivos pedagógicos frente a las soluciones tecnológicas y que la evaluación ha de ser formativa en lugar de sumativa.

The present situation caused by covid-19 pandemic have forced the traditionally in-person university teaching to turn into on-line teaching. One of the main consequences is a specific challenge related to on-line evaluation in order to keep the same validity. In the particular case of architecture learning, graduates are enabled to develop a high responsibility career, therefore it is essential to rethink the strategies in order to avoid the potential fraud. This paper describes and analyses the methods applied in a first year technical subject, pointing the pros and cons of each type of evaluation tests. All over understanding that teaching methodology and educational goals must prevail over technological solutions, and there should be used formative instead of  summative assessment.
Zoe entra en casa: la biología en la formación en arquitectura
Authors: Tapia Martin Carlos , Medina Morillas Carlos
Published: September 2021

Los conocimientos en la etapa formativa para la posterior práctica arquitectónica se actualizan rigurosamente por la preparación y autoexigencia del profesorado pero, estructuralmente, un cambio radical de planteamiento acaece con dificultad en la renovación de los Planes de Estudios. Una lógica disciplinar distante de los problemas actuales enfoca conservadoramente la docencia y, por extensión, la profesión y, más allá, la propia definición de la Arquitectura. Durante este siglo XXI, los desafíos sociales, económicos y ambientales no han logrado promover cambios sustanciales en la idea de lo que un arquitecto debe ser para sus sociedades. La actual crisis pandémica aboca a ampliar con conocimiento de biología la formación de arquitectos. El máster en Ciudad y Arquitectura Sostenibles, de la  ETS Arquitectura de Sevilla, enseña desde 2010 a sus estudiantes a proyectar con materia viva y a evaluar sus consecuencias, en una experiencia transdisciplinar que aspira a ser pionera como modelo para futuras actualizaciones de los Planes de Estudio, incluso en Grado.

The knowledge in the formative stage for the later architectural practice is rigorously updated due to the preparation and self-demanding of the teaching staff but, structurally, a radical change of approach occurs with difficulty in the renewal of the curricula. A disciplinary logic far removed from the current problems conservatively focuses on teaching and, by extension, on the profession and, beyond that, on the very definition of Architecture. During this 21st century, social, economic and environmental challenges have not managed to promote substantial changes in the idea of what an architect should be for their societies. The current pandemic crisis is leading to the extension of the training of architects with knowledge of biology. Since 2010, the Master in Sustainable City and Architecture at the ETS Architecture in Seville has been teaching its students to design with living matter and to evaluate its consequences, in a transdisciplinary experience that aims to be a pioneer as a model for future curricular updates, including in Bachelor's degrees.
Elementos clave de una base sólida que estructure la docencia de arquitectura
Authors: Santalla-Blanco Luis Manuel
Published: September 2021

Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta realizada al alumnado de 7 escuelas de la Península Ibérica. Un total de 1.255 personas que han respondido a un cuestionario diseñado para estudiar el perfil de los nuevos estudiantes y su posición dentro del proceso de aprendizaje. Se cuestiona el método docente que sigue las directrices del Plan Bolonia, buscando sus opiniones sobre los demás componentes del proceso didáctico: el profesorado, la escuela y el propio plan de estudios. La importancia de este estudio reside en la obtención y comparativa de respuestas, entre escuelas públicas y privadas, tradicionales y de reciente creación, con pocas decenas de estudiantes o con miles, en España y en Portugal. El análisis de los resultados dará como conclusión una serie de elementos clave que podrán mejorar la docencia, introduciendo cambios en el plan de estudios, en la escuela o en la relación entre docente y estudiante.  

The results of a survey carried out among the students of 7 schools in the Iberian Peninsula are presented. A total of 1,255 people responded to the questionnaire designed to study the profile of new students and their position within the education system. The teaching methods that follow the guidelines of the Bologna Plan are questioned, seeking their opinions on the other components of the didactic process: the teaching staff, the school and the curriculum itself. The importance of this study resides in obtaining and comparing responses, between public and private, traditional and recently created schools, with a few dozen students or thousands, in Spain and Portugal. The analysis of results will conclude with a series of key elements that can improve teaching, introducing changes in the curriculum, in the school or in the relationship between teacher and student.
Taller de visitas de obra, modo virtual por suspensión de docencia presencial
Authors: Pinilla-Melo Javier , Aira José-Ramón , Olivieri Lorenzo , Barbero-Barrera Maria del Mar
Published: September 2021

La pandemia provocada por la enfermedad del covid-19 trajo como consecuencia un confinamiento que impidió seguir con las visitas a obra de la asignatura Taller de visitas a obra de 4º curso del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura. Para solucionarlo se implementaron 3 metodologías diferentes de carácter virtual. La primera consistió en la elaboración de la memoria de construcción de un hospital basándose en el seguimiento de la obra de libre acceso a través de internet. La segunda y tercera consistieron en la adaptación de herramientas desarrolladas por 2 Proyectos de Innovación Educativa, el proyecto “Architect-Visitas de obra” donde se desarrollaron vídeos de sistemas constructivos y de defectos constructivos, y el proyecto “Buildings 360º” donde se desarrolló una plataforma virtual para la visita de obras. Para evaluar la adaptación de la asignatura se realizaron encuestas a los alumnos que mostraron un Índice de satisfacción muy elevado.

Pandemic caused by the covid-19 disease brought as a consequence a confinement that prevented the continuation of visits to building sites of the 4th year of the Grade in Foundations of Architecture. To solve this problem, three different virtual methodologies were implemented. The first one consisted in elaboration of construction specifications of a hospital based on the monitoring of work shown on a web site with periodic photographs of its progress. The second and third consisted of adaptation of tools developed by 2 Educational Innovation Projects, the Architect-Worksites project where videos of construction systems and construction defects were developed, and the Buildings 360º project where a virtual platform for worksites visit was developed. In order to evaluate the adaptation of the subject, surveys were carried out with students, which showed a very high satisfaction index.
Historia de las mujeres en la arquitectura: 50 años de investigación para un nuevo espacio docente
Authors: Pérez-Moreno Lucía Carmen
Published: September 2021

De la mano de la segunda ola feminista, varias historiadoras de la arquitectura comenzaron a estudiar a las primeras generaciones de arquitectas inaugurando así un nuevo campo de investigación. A día de hoy, el número de investigaciones y publicaciones en materia de historia de las mujeres en la arquitectura es amplio y diverso. Sin embargo, en los planes de estudio de las escuelas de arquitectura españolas no existe un espacio docente definido en el que reflexionar sobre esta temática. Este comunicación presenta una experiencia innovadora en esta materia realizada en una asigatura optativa del quinto curso del Grado en estudios en arquitectura. El objetivo de este curso ha sido introducir a los estudiantes en el pensamiento feminista y reflexionar sobre cómo diversas investigaciones anglosajonas han elaborado discursos sobre su imbricación con la historia de la arquitectura.

With the second feminist wave, architectural historians began studying the first generations of women architects inaugurating a new field of interest. Nowadays, the number of publications on women’s history in architecture is broad and diverse. Nevertheless, there are no defined teaching courses in this field in the curriculum of Spanish schools of architecture. This manuscript presents an innovative experience in this field carried out in an optional course of the fifth year of the Degree in Studies on Architecture. The aim of the course has been to introduce students to feminist thinking and to reflect on how diverse Anglo-Saxon research has produced discourses on their intertwine with the history of architecture.
El arquitecto ante el nuevo paradigma del paisaje: implicaciones docentes
Authors: López Sánchez Marina , Linares Gómez del Pulgar Mercedes , Tejedor Cabrera Antonio
Published: September 2021

El paisaje se ha consolidado como un nuevo modelo desde el que gestionar el  territorio en toda su amplia variedad de escalas de uso y, por esta razón, la enseñanza de la arquitectura, y en particular del proyecto arquitectónico, debe tomar partido al respecto. Este texto ofrece una reflexión sobre la cultura paisajística de las escuelas de arquitectura y acude al ámbito nacional e internacional para localizar 32 experiencias docentes que incorporan el paisaje. Tras su consulta, se introducen cinco líneas de innovación docentes sobre la enseñanza del proyecto de paisaje consistentes en: la introducción de paradigmas emergentes de la urbanística contemporánea; la colaboración interdisciplinar; la incorporación de herramientas TIC; el método aprendidaje-servicio y la revisión del discurso patrimonial. Se profundiza en esta última a través de los talleres internacionales celebrados por la Designing Heritage Tourism Landscapes, experiencias que muestran la pertinencia de definir mecanismos proyectuales concisos que permitan transladar a un plano operativo el objetivo de concienciar al alumno sobre la necesidad de salvaguardar la gran diversidad de paisajes como expresión cultural genuina del mundo que habitamos.

The landscape has been consolidated as a new management model for the territory in all its great variety of use scales and, for this reason, academic teaching in architecture, and in particular in architectural design, must come into play in this regard. This text offers a reflection about the landscape culture of the schools of architecture and attends the national and international scene to locate 32 teaching experiences that incorporate the landscape. After their examination, five teaching innovation lines in architectural design have been introduced: the incorporation of emerging paradigms in contemporary urbanism; interdisciplinary collaboration; inclusion of ICT tools; service-learning method and a review of the heritage discourse. The last one is studied in depth through the international workshops held by Designing Heritage Tourism Landscapes network.