bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Computational Problems Related to Pseudo-intents
Authors:   Technische Universität Dresden, Sertkaya Barış
Published: June 2022

We investigate the computational complexity of several decision, enumeration and counting problems related to pseudo-intents. We show that given a formal context and a set of its pseudo-intents, checking whether this context has an additional pseudo-intent is in conp and it is at least as hard as checking whether a given simple hypergraph is saturated. We also show that recognizing the set of pseudo-intents is also in conp and it is at least as hard as checking whether a given hypergraph is the transversal hypergraph of another given hypergraph. Moreover, we show that if any of these two problems turns out to be conp-hard, then unless p = np, pseudo-intents cannot be enumerated in output polynomial time. We also investigate the complexity of finding subsets of a given Duquenne-Guigues Base from which a given implication follows. We show that checking the existence of such a subset within a specified cardinality bound is np-complete, and counting all such minimal subsets is #p-complete.
Putting ABox Updates into Action
Authors:   Institut für Theoretische Informatik TU Dresden, Baader Franz , Drescher Conrad ,   Institut für Theoretische Informatik TU Dresden, Liu Hongkai ,   Theoretische Informatik Technische Universität Dresden, Guhlemann Steffen , Petersohn Uwe , Steinke Peter , Thielscher Michael
Published: June 2022

When trying to apply recently developed approaches for updating Description Logic ABoxes in the context of an action programming language, one encounters two problems. First, updates generate so-called Boolean ABoxes, which cannot be handled by traditional Description Logic reasoners. Second, iterated update operations result in very large Boolean ABoxes, which, however, contain a huge amount of redundant information. In this paper, we address both issues from a practical point of view.
Unification in the Description Logic EL Without Top Constructor
Authors:   Institut für Theoretische Informatik TU Dresden, Baader Franz , Than Binh Nguyen , Borgwardt Stefan , Morawska Barbara
Published: June 2022

Unification in Description Logics has been proposed as a novel inference service that can, for example, be used to detect redundancies in ontologies. The inexpressive Description Logic EL is of particular interest in this context since, on the one hand, several large biomedical ontologies are defined using EL. On the other hand, unification in EL has recently been shown to be NP-complete, and thus of considerably lower complexity than unification in other DLs of similarly restricted expressive power. However, EL allows the use of the top concept (>), which represents the whole interpretation domain, whereas the large medical ontology SNOMEDCT makes no use of this feature. Surprisingly, removing the top concept from EL makes the unification problem considerably harder. More precisely, we will show that unification in EL without the top concept is PSpace-complete.
Finding Finite Herbrand Models
Authors: Borgwardt Stefan , Morawska Barbara
Published: June 2022

We show that finding finite Herbrand models for a restricted class of first-order clauses is ExpTime-complete. A Herbrand model is called finite if it interprets all predicates by finite subsets of the Herbrand universe. The restricted class of clauses consists of anti-Horn clauses with monadic predicates and terms constructed over unary function symbols and constants. The decision procedure can be used as a new goal-oriented algorithm to solve linear language equations and unification problems in the description logic FL₀. The new algorithm has only worst-case exponential runtime, in contrast to the previous one which was even best-case exponential.
Ni/Photoredox-Catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) Coupling between Aziridines and Acetals as Alcohol-Derived Alkyl Radical Precursors
Authors: Dongbang Sun , Doyle Abigail
Published: June 2022

Aziridines are readily available C(sp3) precursors that afford valuable β-functionalized amines upon ring-opening. In this article, we report a Ni/photoredox methodology for C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross-coupling between aziridines and me-thyl/1⁰/2⁰ aliphatic alcohols activated as benzaldehyde dialkyl acetals. Orthogonal activation modes of each alkyl coupling partner facilitate cross-selectivity in the C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond-forming reaction: the benzaldehyde dialkyl acetal is activated via hydrogen atom abstraction and β-scission via bromine radical (generated in situ from single-electron oxidation of bromide), whereas the aziridine is activated at the Ni center via reduction. We demonstrate that an Ni(II) azametallacycle, conventionally proposed in aziridine cross-coupling, is not an intermediate in the productive cross-coupling. Rather, stoichiometric organometallic and linear free energy relationship (LFER) studies indicate that aziridine activation proceeds via Ni(I) oxidative addition, a previously unexplored elementary step.
Large-Scale Benchmarking of Multireference Vertical-Excitation Calculations via Automated Active-Space Selection
Authors: King Daniel , Hermes Matthew , Truhlar Donald , Gagliardi Laura
Published: June 2022

We have calculated state-averaged complete-active-space self-consistent-field (SA-CASSCF), multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT), hybrid MC-PDFT (HMC-PDFT), and n-electron valence state second-order perturbation theory (NEVPT2) excitation energies with the approximate pair-coefficient (APC) automated active-space selection scheme for the QUESTDB benchmark database of 542 vertical excitation energies. We eliminated poor active spaces (20-30% of calculations) by applying a threshold to the SA-CASSCF absolute error. With the remaining calculations, we find that NEVPT2 performance is significantly impacted by the size of the basis set the wave functions are converged in regardless of the quality of their description, which is a problem absent in MC-PDFT. Additionally, we find that HMC-PDFT is a significant improvement over MC-PDFT with the tPBE density functional, and that it performs about as well as NEVPT2 and second-order coupled cluster (CC2) on a set of 373 excitations in the QUESTDB database. We optimized the percentage of SA-CASSCF energy to include in HMC-PDFT when using the tPBE on-top functional, and we find the 25% value used in tPBE0 to be optimal. This work is by far the largest benchmarking of MC-PDFT and HMC-PDFT to date, and the data produced in this work is useful as a validation of HMC-PDFT and of the APC active-space selection scheme. We have made all the wave functions produced in this work (orbitals and CI vectors) available to the public and encourage the community to utilize this data as a tool in the development of further multireference model chemistries.
First direct insight into the local environment and dynamics of water molecules in the whewellite mineral phase: mechanochemical isotopic enrichment and high-resolution 17O and 2H NMR analyses
Authors: Goldberga Ieva , Patris Nicolas , Chen Chia-Hsin , Thomassot Emilie , Trébosc Julien , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Berthomieu Dorothée , Métro Thomas-Xavier , Bonhomme Christian , Gervais Christel , Laurencin Danielle
Published: June 2022

Calcium oxalate minerals of general formula CaC2O4.xH2O are widely present in nature and usually associated with pathological calcifications, constituting up to 70 – 80% of the mineral component of renal calculi. The monohydrate phase (CaC2O4.H2O, COM) is the most stable form, accounting for the majority of the hydrated calcium oxalates found. These mineral phases have been studied extensively via X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and, to a lesser extent, using 1H, 13C and 43Ca solid-state NMR spectroscopy. However, several aspects of their structure and reactivity are still unclear, such as the evolution from low- to high-temperature COM structures (LT-COM and HT-COM, respectively), and the involvement of water molecules in this phase transition. Here, we report for the first time a 17O and 2H solid-state NMR investigation of the local structure and dynamics of water in the COM phase. A new procedure for the selective 17O- and 2H-isotopic enrichment of water molecules within the COM mineral is presented using mechanochemistry, which employs only microliter quantities of enriched water, and leads to exchange yields up to ~30%. 17O NMR allows both crystallographically inequivalent water molecules in the LT-COM structure to be resolved, while 2H NMR studies provide unambiguous evidence that these water molecules are undergoing different types of motions at high temperatures without exchanging with one another. Dynamics appear to be essential for water molecules in these structures, which have not been accounted for in previous structural studies on the HT-COM structure due to lack of available tools — highlighting the importance of such NMR investigations for studying the crystallographic structure of biologically relevant minerals like calcium oxalates.
Three-Component Synthesis of Pyridylacetic Acid Derivatives by Arylation/Decarboxylative Substitution of Meldrum’s Acids
Authors: Johnson Tarn , Marsden Stephen
Published: June 2022

A convenient and simple three-component synthesis of substituted pyridylacetic acid derivatives is reported. The approach centres on the dual reactivity of Meldrum’s acid derivatives, initially as nucleophiles to perform substitution on activated pyridine-N-oxides, then as electrophiles with a range of nucleophiles to trigger ring-opening and decarboxylation.
VIRTUAL LABORATORY OF THIN LENSES USING ANDROID SMARTPHONE WITH PYTHON PROGRAMMING
Authors:   Department of Physics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, Widodo Catur Edi
Published: June 2022

A computer program has been created to simulate a ray diagram on a thin lens using the Python programming language. The program is a ray diagram simulation on a convex lens and a concave lens. The program is built using the canvas, create line, button and motion functions in the object-oriented programming language Python. The object being simulated is a convex and concave lens with a focal length of 10 cm and an object's height of 4 cm. The simulation results are in the form of an interface with the user using computer graphic media and interaction via a touch screen. The program can run on Android mobile phones. The results of ray diagrams on computers and Android cellular phones show that they are in accordance with theory, so that the program can be used as a virtual laboratory material.
Fractura de tillaux chaput en paciente adulto. Reporte de Caso.
Authors: Ortegon Candela Edwin Nicolas , Novoa Casallas Laura Estefany
Published: June 2022

Introducción. La fractura de Tillaux Chaput es una fractura producida en el borde lateral de la tibia distal la cual suele afectar normalmente las fisis, las cuales son una estructura cartilaginosa, razón por la cual representa una zona susceptible del hueso para sufrir una fractura, sin embargo en la población adulta, el ligamento cede en lugar de involucionar a el fragmento tibial de su unión epifisiaria, por lo que resulta rara presentación aislada en adultos encontrándose menos de una decena de casos descritos en pacientes mayores de 18 años en la literatura. En este reporte de caso, siguiendo las recomendaciones de las guías para reporte de casos (Case Report Guidelines) CARE se presenta el caso de una mujer de (cuarenta y dos) 42 años de edad, previamente sana que posterior a sufrir una caída desde su propia altura presenta dolor, eritema y edema en miembro inferior derecho, a region de la zona maleolar; por lo que decide realizar masajes terapéuticos extra hospitalarios. Debido a la persistencia del dolor, imposibilidad para continuar realizando sus actividades cotidianas, y dificultad a la marcha acude al servicio de urgencias, donde luego de realizar abordaje clínico e imagenológico (a través de radiografía simple de tobillo y tomografía computada) por parte del servicio de urgencias generales, medicina familiar y ortopedia y traumatología se diagnostica una fractura compleja, la es manejada por el servicio de ortopedia y traumatología institucional, quienes deciden intervenir quirúrgicamente a la paciente con un abordaje para realización de una reducción abierta y fijación interna con el objetivo de restablecer la anatomía habitual y la congruencia articular tibioastragalina. Podemos concluir que, a pesar de los pocos casos descritos en la literatura de este tipo de fractura en la población adulta, es un diagnóstico diferencial que se debe tener en cuenta en el momento del abordaje inicial del paciente fracturado, y que por lo tanto resulta de gran interés clínico poder identificar, diagnosticar y abordar de manera correcta para poder identificar si la fractura es susceptible o no a intervención quirúrgica de acuerdo a sus características y brindar una atención optima y favorable al paciente quien sufre de esta lesión.
Prácticas parentales favorecedoras de la salud mental y permanencia escolar, a propósito del Covid.
Authors: Castañeda Cantillo Ana Elvira , Paitan Ávila Lizzet Cristina , Silva Giraldo Edward Johnn
Published: June 2022

Introducción. En la pandemia las practicas parentales como los procesos educativos presentan transformaciones, al articularse se promueve la salud mental de los estudiantes; de cara a promover la permanencia escolar de los estudiantes.
Objetivos. Reconocer las practicas parentales favorecedoras de la salud mental en los hijos, identificando estrategias para promover la permanencia escolar.
Metodología. Bajo un enfoque cualitativo se adoptó un método hermenéutico, priorizando, las subjetividades representadas en las voces de los padres y madres para develar los significados y sentidos otorgados a sus experiencias.
Resultados. Preocupación de padres al cuestionarse por el tiempo de horas que sus hijos pasan frente a las pantallas, sin hacer deporte y sin socializar con sus iguales, lo que puede afectar su salud mental, a pesar de percibir que sus hijos están más seguros en casa; puntúan favorablemente el involucrarse en el proceso educativo de sus hijos, lo cual les permitió reconocer sus intereses, estilos para aprender; además se preguntan qué lugares visitan sus hijos en redes sociales y con qué personas interactúan en la web.    
Conclusiones. las prácticas parentales favorecedoras de la permanencia se destacaron establecer horarios de acompañamiento al desarrollo tareas, seguimiento a las plataformas, grupos de WhatsApp, conexiones a video llamadas, manejo de pausas activas en las actividades académicas y continua comunicación con los docentes. Además, los estilos de crianza y una comunicación más fluida con sus hijos, favorecen su salud mental, al sentirse reconocidos, apoyados y validados por sus padres; así como las interacciones familiares e institucionales. La red de apoyo con la familia extensa y el trabajo colaborativo posibilitó aprendizajes escolares y favoreció la permanencia escolar; se necesitó reorganizar los tiempos de las familias; los padres para equilibrar el acompañamiento a las actividades académicas y cumplir con las demandas laborales y los hijos para adaptarse a la entrega de actividades en unas fechas establecidas sin contar con un acompañamiento pedagógico permanente, para lo cual fue necesario fortalecer el autoaprendizaje; de manera indirecta fortalece su empoderamiento como estudiantes, otro de los factores importantes para su salud mental.
Personas sin techo y espacio público
Authors: Rubio-Martín María José
Published: June 2022

En el marco de la sociología del sinhogarismo se viene afirmando que la creciente expansión del neoliberalismo económico conlleva una nueva criminalización y segregación de las personas sin techo. Este proceso se materializa, entre otras formas, mediante el control y la regulación del espacio público. A través de un estudio de caso, este artículo expone una investigación de carácter exploratorio realizada en Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). La metodología de investigación combina datos cuantitativos (obtenidos de la única fuente de datos sobre personas sin hogar que existe en esta ciudad), e información cualitativa recabada a través de la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación no participante. Los resultados muestran una progresiva “expulsión” de las personas sin techo del centro de la ciudad hacia las zonas más degradadas de la ciudad. A la par, este proceso convive con actuaciones sociales que tratan de atender a estas personas. Se constata una situación tensa entre diferentes actores e intereses en relación al espacio público, que debería ser abordada para garantizar el derecho de todos a la ciudad y contrarrestar actitudes de rechazo hacia la pobreza más extrema.
Breve presentación
Authors: Coca Juan R.
Published: June 2022

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LIFELONG DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIVERSITY TEACHER’S PROFESSIONAL SKILLS
Authors: Boiko Halyna , Machynska Nataliіa
Published: June 2022

The article offers a theoretical and practical analysis on the problem of formation and improvement of a university teacher’s professional and pedagogical skills. The authors reveal theoretical approaches to the problem of defining the concepts of «education», «blended learning», «distance learning». Based on the theoretical analysis on the essential features of modern society in general and the education system in particular the following issues are highlighted: forced isolation and migration of a significant part of citizens, search for new directions of formation and improvement of teachers’ professional skills; identification of forms and methods as well as determination of the main factors of formation and improvement of a university teacher’s professional skills.
Peculiarities of mixed and distance mode of educational process organization are indicated. System principles of open education are listed (mobility of the whole educational process, equal access to educational systems, provision of quality education, formation of structure and realization of educational services). The need to create a single information and educational space for the educational process of student’s training is noted as the article describes its main features.
In the context of improving the professional skills of a university teacher, different approaches to the interpretation of the skills of a university teacher are proposed; the research on the system of adult education is closely related. The tasks of the state policy in the field of adult education on the basis of normative-legal documents are listed.
The leading factors of formation and improvement of a university teacher’s professional skills (self-motivation, mobility, self-satisfaction and self-encouragement) are singled out; their thorough characteristic is given. Emphasis is placed on the creation of a single digital educational environment of the educational institution. Significant benefits are identified for all participants, including teachers. Particular attention is paid to the teacher’s personal educational portfolio, which is a set of information about the documents on personal achievements.
IMPLEMENTATION OF E-BOOK-BASED TEACHING MATERIALS FOR MAKEUP LEARNING: INDONESIA EXPERIENCE
Authors: Desi Handayani , Herminarto Sofyan
Published: June 2022

This article aims to uncover the implementation of e-book-based teaching materials for makeup learning. The method used in this article is the literature review. Based on the study of literature it can be concluded that among the teaching materials e-book is important to pay attention to the constituent components, namely. (a) Display of e-book teaching materials, including book cover design, shape, size, and image. (b) The content of the e-book teaching materials, including the composition of the text, the standard rules of book preparation (aspects of material completeness, language, and usefulness), and dictionaries or glossaries. The learning of the history of Makeup is very important to be mastered by students because the learning of the history of makeup trains students in practicing their knowledge and for the provision of students after graduating from college so that students majoring in skin beauty can open a business in the field of bridal makeup. Related to this, students must be able to master the history of makeup well. On the other hand, students still have a lot of difficulty in mastering the concept of learning the history of makeup and still lack references obtained by students to increase their knowledge. The use of learning media is considered as one of the most appropriate solutions in presenting bridal makeup materials in learning. In addition, the study of the history of makeup is one of the learnings that must students in understanding the concepts contained in it, such as the wedding ceremony, wearing clothes and accessories, and how to apply makeup of the bride.
Using Analytical Thought Process to Develop Instructional Rubrics in Writing Doctoral Dissertation Research Problem Statement – A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Ali Azad , Pandya Shardul , C VARMA UMESH
Published: June 2022

Aim/Purpose: Develop instructional rubrics that help in writing and evaluating the doctoral dissertation research problem statement.

Background: This is a follow-up study. In the first paper, we introduced a model for writing a research problem statement that takes the students through four phases to complete their writing. In this paper, we introduce an instructional rubric to be used for helping to write the research problem statement.

Methodology: This paper builds on the previous model and adds Socratic questions to trigger critical thinking to help with writing the research problem statement.

Contribution: Developing the instructional rubrics is the contribution of this study. The instructional rubrics can help with writing the research problem statement.

Findings: Writing a research problem statement is difficult by itself. Following the methodological approach suggested in this study will help students with the task of writing their own. Following this instructional rubric will help more with the writing.

Recommendations for Practitioners: A methodological approach to writing a research problem statement helps mitigate the difficulties of writing the dissertation. This study tackles the difficulties with writing the research problem statement.

Recommendations for Researchers: More research is needed to give examples of the research problem statement that shows the writing of the statement through the suggested phases.

Impact on Society: The findings of this research will help doctoral mentors/advisors as they guide students in completing the writing of their research problem statement.
The child and custody gender, the age of the child at the time of divorce, and its relationship to the attitude towards parents among children with parental alienation syndrome at the end of the custody age
Authors:   Lecturer of Assessment and Educational Evaluation, College of Education, Suez Canal university, Egypt. mahmod567@yahoo.com, Moussa Mahmoud Ali
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to verify the relationships between the child gender and the custodian, the child age at divorce, and its relationship to the attitude towards parents among children with parental alienation syndrome at the end of the custody age. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical method. The sample consisted of 102 cases whose ages ranged from 16 to 21 years old. The sample was chosen intentionally. The study relied on the diagnostic list of symptoms of parental alienation to select the sample. The study prepared a measure of attitude towards parents. A chi-square test used for the independence of two variables to analyze the required relationships. The study concluded that there is a dependence of the custodian gender variables and the attitude towards the target parent levels. While the variables of the level of attitude towards the target parent and the child's gender were independent, the levels of attitude towards the target parent and the dominant parent were independent.
Eliminating Gender Bias from Mathematics Textbooks in Palestinian Schools from Grades 1 to 12: A Proposed Mechanism from Gender-Specific toward Gender-Neutral Norms
Authors:   Department of Applied Mathematics, College of Applied Science, Palestine Polytechnic University, muneerk@ppu.edu, Karama Muneer Jebreel
Published: June 2022

Eliminating gender bias from mathematics textbooks in Palestinian schools is not an easy task, given that 50% of the names, verbs, actions, professions, or pictures in mathematics textbooks portray traditionally feminine activities, such as sewing and embroidery. In these textbooks, these feminine activities do not involve males. Eliminating gender bias from mathematics textbooks in Palestinian schools is more challenging than we think because these biases are rooted in culturally-based mind-sets. Therefore, upon careful analysis of this important and crucial issue, the researcher suggested a new framework for developing mathematics curricula based on gender balance, which is a gender-neutral approach.
What Do Students’ of (15-17) Year’s Old Beliefs and Feelings Tell Us about Teaching and Learning Mathematics
Authors:   College of Educational Sciences, The University of Jordan, bloodstone91@hotmail.com, Ishtaya Sondos , El-Shara Ibrahim ,   Professor of Mathematics Education. College of Educational Sciences, The University of Jordan, I.shara@ju.edu.jo
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to reveal students of (15-17) year’s old beliefs about teaching and learning mathematics, using the qualitative method. (104) male and female students participated in the study; they are divided into the ninth, tenth, and eleventh grades (48, 21, 35) respectively. The results showed that the students believed that the mathematics teacher and his/her teaching methods were the main reason students liked or disliked mathematics. Some of them believe that mathematics is difficult and complicated, while others believe that it is boring; on the other hand, there are those who believe of its importance. In light of the results, the researchers strongly recommend the necessity of qualifying mathematics teachers to deal positively with their students, and enrich the content with activities that are attractive to students
Diallel Hybridization of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) to Oreochromis aureus (Blue Tilapia)
Authors: NWACHİ Oster , IRABOR Arnold
Published: June 2022

A total of 200 fish samples (100 Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) and 100 Oreochromis aureus (Blue tilapia)) were used for this research aimed to produce a population of tilapia species that is skewed toward the male population. Three mating periods were carried out in total. The males were removed from the hapa after each round of egg production to allow repercussion. Fries from the experimental units were collected, counted, and stocked in a tank with a dimension 3 x 1 x 4 m2 and were fed to satiation while maintaining the basic water quality. The sex ratio data were subjected to student t-test analysis, while that of growth parameters were examined by ANOVA on Spss version 25. Results obtained showed a true hybridization between Nile tilapia and Blue tilapia that produced offspring that skewed toward the male population. A male skewed population was produced through interspecific crossing of two related strains of tilapia. This pattern repeated itself throughout the times when mating pairing was initiated. At the end of the trials, the hybrids and their reciprocals produced a higher number of male fish compared to the female. Hybrid 1 produced 93% male, while hybrid 2 produced 71% male. Furthermore, better performance was recorded for the hybrids compared to their pure strain despite the lower feed intake. Conclusively, a male skewed population is best produced through interspecific crossing of two related strains of hybrid tilapia.
Effects of Traditional Tillage, Conserved Tillage and No Tillage Methods and Some Allelopathic Practices on Weed Growth in Organic Vineyards
Authors: KAÇAN Koray , ATEŞ Fadime , ÇAKIR Engin , AYGÜN İkbal
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out to determine the effects of some tillage methods; it included conventional tillage and conservation tillage with some weed control applications on weed manifestation in organic vineyards. The organic vineyard experiment area was designed as main and sub-plots. The effects of some methods of conventional tillage, no-tillage, and conservation tillage on weed coverage, densities, fresh weight, and dry weight were determined in the organic vineyard experiment area. These tillage methods were applied in the main plots. A chisel and heavy-duty disk harrow were used for conservation tillage methods. The plough and disc harrow were also applied as conventional methods. Other allelopathic methods (olive mill wastewater, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) were applied as sub-plots in the experiment area. As a result of the statistical analysis of the values obtained in the study, the most effective method, the application of the plough and disc harrow, was determined for weed coverage and fresh and dry weight weeds in the main plots. The olive mill wastewater was also determined as the most effective application in the sub-plots. In terms of grape yield, the most effective method in the main plots was the plough + disc harrow application (6.8068 kg vinestock‒1). The planting of broccoli (6.4485 kg vinestock‒1) was determined as the most effective sub-plot application for grape yield.
Influence of In Ovo Leptin Injection into Yolk Sac on Embryo Development, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Lipid Metabolism of Broiler Chicks during Early Post-Hatching Period
Authors: CELLAK Bülent , BABACANOĞLU Elif
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to investigate the effect of in ovo (IO) leptin injection on yolk sac leptin concentration, embryo development, blood lipid metabolism, and biochemical parameters of broiler chicks during the early post-hatching period. Hatching eggs were weighed and placed in an incubator with 100 eggs/4 replications/group. The groups were: non-injected group (C); and 3 injected groups with 100 μl of phosphate buffer solution (PBS); 0.5 μl leptin (L0.5), and 1 μl leptin (L1) in 100 μl of PBS. Pure leptin hormone dissolved in PBS was injected into the yolk sac on day 7 of incubation. Yolk/yolk sac leptin concentrations at the onset of incubation, on days 7 and 15 of incubation, and at hatching were determined. Embryo/chick development was determined at all ages. Serum leptin, tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), creatine kinase, total protein, uric acid, and lipid profiles were measured at hatching and day 7 of chick age. The leptin level of the yolk was similar to the leptin level of the yolk sac at hatching. Leptin level of a yolk sac was higher on 7th day than at other ages. IO injection* age was significant for serum leptin level, which was similar to one-day chicks in the L0.5 at day 7 of chick age. T3, T4, creatine kinase, uric acid, lipid profiles, and embryo/chick development did not change with IO leptin. Serum HDL level was higher in the leptin groups than C and PBS groups at hatching. IO leptin application affects blood lipid metabolism depending on dose level for male broiler chicks at the early post-hatch period, without affecting embryo/chick development.Leptin level of yolk was similar to leptin level of yolk sac at hatching. Leptin level of yolk sac was higher on 7th day than other ages. IO injection* age was significant for serum leptin level, which was similar to one-day chicks in the L0.5 at day 7 of chick age. T3, T4, creatine kinase, uric acid, lipid profiles, and embryo/chick development did not change with IO leptin. Serum HDL level was higher in the leptin groups than C and PBS groups at hatching. IO leptin application affects blood lipid metabolism depending on dose level for male broiler chicks at early post-hatch period, without affecting embryo/chick development.
Bahaya Longsor di Kabupaten Sukabumi berbasis Metode Weight of Evidence (WoE), Logistic Regression (LR) dan Kombinasi WoE-LR
Authors: Kusmajaya Sumardani , Tjahjono Boedi , Barus Baba
Published: June 2022

Tingginya kejadian longsor di Kabupaten Sukabumi menjadi penyebab diperlukannya data dan informasi kawasan yang memiliki potensi longsor. Identifikasi potensi longsor dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai pendekatan dimana metode statistik adalah pendekatan yang paling banyak digunakan untuk pemetaan longsor. Maka dari itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah memprediksi longsor di Kabupaten Sukabumi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Weight of Evidence (WoE), Logistic Regression (LR), dan kombinasi WoE-LR. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang layak digunakan menjalankan model adalah jarak dari jalan, jarak dari sungai, jarak dari patahan, SPI, TWI, Elevasi dan Lereng. Hasil metode WoE menunjukkan bahwa parameter elevasi <300 m, jarak dari jalan >200 m dan jarak dari sungai >100 m merupakan kelas parameter yang tidak baik untuk memprediksi longsor. Sebaliknya, parameter lereng 8–15%, jarak dari jalan 31–70 m dan elevasi 700–800 baik digunakan untuk memprediksi longsor. Pada metode LR, parameter elevasi dan jarak dari jalan secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap longsor. Hasil metode kombinasi WoE-LR menunjukkan bahwa parameter jarak dari jalan dan SPI merupakan parameter yang kurang baik untuk memprediksi longsor. Sebaliknya, parameter lereng dan TWI merupakan parameter yang paling baik untuk memprediksi bahaya longsor. Berdasarkan pengujian ketiga metode tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode kombinasi WoE-LR adalah metode yang paling baik dalam memprediksi bahaya longsor di wilayah penelitian.
Kesesuaian Lahan Padi Sawah di Desa Bumi Rapak dan Desa Selangkau Kabupaten Kutai Timur
Authors: Darma Surya
Published: June 2022

Lahan sawah produksi utamanya adalah gabah yang menghasilkan beras sebagai bahan utama makanan rakyat Indonesia. Kesesuaian lahan terhadap padi sawah dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik lahan yang dapat dievaluasi sesuai atau tidak sesuai dan faktor pembatasnya. Kabupaten Kutai Timur di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur terdapat lahan sawah yang  cukup luas sebagai penghasil gabah yang terdapat di Desa Bumi Rapak dan Desa Selangkau. Penelitian berusaha untuk memahami dan menyelami kelas kesesuaian lahan sawah di Desa Bumi Rapak, Desa Selangkau, dan faktor pembatas utama. Metode diterapkan dengan pencocokan antara persyaratan tumbuh padi sawah dengan karakteristik lahan sawah. Terbukti bahwa rendahnya ketersediaan hara P2O5, sehingga kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual padi sawah sesuai marginal (S3) dan sub kelas S3n, produktivitas hanya 4,54 ton ha-1. Usaha perbaikan yang dilakukan masukan rendah hingga sedang dengan pemberian pupuk SP-36 dosis 100 kg ha-1 tiap musim tanam, kelas kesesuaian naik menjadi cukup sesuai (S2) dan sub kelas S2n diharapkan produktivitas akan naik menjadi 5,00-6,00 ton (ha-1).
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Model Contextual Teaching and Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Peserta Didik
Authors: Toni Herman , Kosim Kosim , ‘Ardhuha1 Jannatin
Published: June 2022

Guru dalam pembelajaran fisika memiliki peran penting dalam menyediakan sumber belajar berupa bahan ajar yang dapat membantu proses belajar peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh produk berupa bahan ajar kontekstual berbasis hands on activity yang layak, praktis, serta efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep fisika peserta didik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar adalah model 4D yang terdiri dari Define, Design, Develop dan Disseminate. Produk bahan ajar yang dikembangkan dilakukan uji kelayakan, uji kepraktisan dan uji efektivitas. Intrumen yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data diperoleh melalui lembar validasi ahli, angket respon peserta didik, lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, dan alat evaluasi pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelayakan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan berdasarkan hasil penilaian validator ahli diperoleh nilai rata-rata persentase 88,24% dengan kriteria sangat valid serta nilai reliabilitas yang dianalisis menggunakan metode percentage of agreement memiliki perolehan nilai rata-rata persentase 94,73% dengan kategori reliabel. Hasil uji kepraktisan bahan ajar  berdasarkan nilai respon peserta didik pada saat menggunakan bahan ajar memiliki  nilai rata-rata sebesar 91,42% dengan kriteria baik dan hasil analisis observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran memiliki rata-rata nilai 3,5 dengan kriteria baik. Hasil uji keefektifan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan bahan ajar berdasar nilai pretest dan posttest pemahaman konsep fisika peserta didik  memperolehan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,30 dengan kriteria sedang. Hasil keseluruhan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar kontekstual berbasis hands on activity yang dikembangkan layak, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep fisika  peserta didik.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN ASTAXANTHIN PADA Moina sp. DENGAN DOSIS BERBEDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KECERAHAN WARNA IKAN MOLLY (Poecilia sphenops)
Authors: Nasution Nurul Izza , AS Agus Putra , Isma Muhammad Fauzan , Junita Afrah
Published: June 2022

Molly (Poecilia sphenops) termasuk jenis ikan primadona bagi peminat ikan hias air tawar. Ikan ini mudah dibudidayakan dan memiliki warna yang indah dan beragam. Namun seiring masa pemeliharaannya terkadang warnanya memudar, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk mempertahankan warnanya agar tetap cerah.  Salah satu cara yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk meningkatkan kecerahan warna molly adalah dengan penggunaan astaxanthin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis yang tepat dalam meningkatkan kecerahan warna molly. Metode menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 4 perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yaitu pemberian astaxanthin (0,00 gr/ml; 0,10 gr/ml; 0,30 gr/ml dan 0.50 gr/ml. Ikan uji diberi perlakuan pelihara selama 30 hari pada padat tebar 5 ekor/wadah. Data menunjukkan bahwa dosis astaxanthin terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan 0,30 gr/ml. Berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh menunjukkan pemberian astaxanthin pada Moina sp. berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kecerahan warna molly, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata pada parameter Panjang mutlak, bobot mutlak maupun kelangsungan hidupnya.
ANALISA PERFORMA DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN PADA IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG MELALUI PENAMBAHAN PROBIOTIK
Authors: Dara Rima , Yudasmara Gede Ari , Martini Ni Nyoman Dian
Published: June 2022

Kebutuhan pakan dalam satu siklus budidaya mencapai 60-70% dari total biaya produksi khususnya pada penggunaan pakan komersil. Tingginya biaya dan rendahnya kualitas pakan merupakan hambatan dalam proses budidaya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bahan tambahan (feed additive) yang ditambahkan ke pakan agar diperoleh pertumbuhan ikan dan efisiensi pakan yang lebih baik, sehingga dapat mengurangi biaya produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa merek probiotik di pasar dalam memberikan performa pada pakan pelet bibit lele sangkuriang terkait dengan laju pertumbuhan bobot spesifik dan efisiensi pakan. Digunakan 2 merek dagang probiotik A dan B. Sampelnya adalah bibit lele sangkuriang sejumlah 20 ekor tiap-tiap wadah perlakuan dengan rerata panjang dan bobot awal 6-7 cm, 1,6-1,8 g. Terdapat tiga perlakuan yang dikenakan pada pakan yaitu pakan tanpa probiotik, pakan dengan probiotik A, dan pakan dengan probiotik B. Tiap-tiap perlakuan terdapat tiga pengulangan. Dengan menggunakan derajat signifikansi 0,05, terdapat perbedaan rerata laju pertumbuhan bobot spesifik (kontrol 3,29 %/hari; probiotik A 4,00 %/hari; probiotik B 4,16 %/hari) dan efisiensi pakan (kontrol 75,36 %; probiotik A 94,17 %; probiotik B 98,56 %) yang signifikan terutama antara pakan tanpa probiotik dengan pakan dengan probiotik. Namun demikian probiotik B menunjukkan pengaruh terbaik terhadap performa laju pertubuhan spesifik dan efisiensi pakan. Fungsi dan peruntukan probiotik adalah spesifik. Ada yang universal untuk perikanan dan pertanian, ada yang khusus perikanan atau pertanian saja. Probiotik untuk perikanan kandungan bakterinya lebih pekat dan sudah diaktifkan sejak dalam kemasan. Probiotik yang spesifik ini dapat memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap laju pertumbuhan ikan dan efisiensi daripada yang universal.
A Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Electrocardiographic Pattern in Asymptomatic Patient – State-of-the-Art-Review
Authors: Vijay Yadav , Sanjeev Thapa , Ratna Mani Gajurel , Chandra Mani Poudel , Bhawani Manandhar , Manju Sharma , Suman Adhikari , Suraj Shrestha
Published: June 2022

A comprehensive approach to asymptomatic adults with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern discovered incidentally on routine electrocardiography (ECG) is debatable. The objective of this review article is to update the most recent evidence on the management of young patients with asymptomatic WPW patterns. A substantial proportion of adults with WPW patterns on ECG may remain asymptomatic but the lifetime risk for fatal arrhythmias still exists. The inherent properties of the accessory pathway determine the risk of sudden cardiac death. A low-risk pathway is considered when the pre-excitation is intermittent on ambulatory monitoring or when it disappears completely or abruptly during exercise testing. On the other hand, a high-risk pathway in EP study is suggested by the presence of the shortest pre-excited RR interval (SPERRI) during atrial fibrillation of ≤ 250 ms or accessory pathway effective refractory period (APERP) ≤ 240 ms. The cardiac evaluation may thus be considered in asymptomatic patients with WPW to determine the individual risk for future symptomatic arrhythmia. A shared-decision making must be performed before offering catheter ablation whose procedural success rate is high.
PSEUDO-JANISSARISM (YENİÇERİLİK İDDİASI) IN THE OTTOMAN PROVINCES (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ADANA): ITS EMERGENCE AND ITS GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: SPYROPOULOS Yannis , YILDIZ Aysel
Published: June 2022

The privileged status of the Janissaries and the economic/military conditions prevalent in the Ottoman Empire prompted thousands of Muslims to claim a position in the Janissary Corps, often through illegal means. In this article we investigate an important aspect of this process, which we call “pseudo-Janissarism”, and the way it spread on the Ottoman periphery, and discuss the case of Adana, which offers us the opportunity to analyze the social and economic composition of pseudo-Janissaries in the above-mentioned region. We first present a general assessment of the phenomenon in the period from 1600 to 1735, addressing the issue of its rise and early geographical expansion in the empire, its perception by the Ottoman administration, and the reasons behind its development. We claim that the rising numbers of both officially registered Janissaries and pretenders could change the internal dynamics in provincial towns, shape their local politics, and create various struggles over their economic resources. Considering pseudo-Janissarism as a mechanism of tax evasion and provincial networking, we subsequently elaborate on the case study of Adana’s pseudo-Janissaries, who became an important local political pressure group in the course of the eighteenth century, and discuss their socioeconomic profile, with the help of various archival sources.
A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF JANISSARY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRESENCE IN ALEPPO (1700-1760S)
Authors: ARAZ Yahya
Published: June 2022

Focusing on the Janissaries, and covering a period between the early eighteenth century and the 1760s, this study draws on preliminary findings from the Aleppo court records in order to highlight their roles in that city’s socio-economic life. Most of the Janissaries of Aleppo and their families came to the city from the surrounding countryside; they tried to survive and earned their livelihood as ordinary townsmen, a process that signaled their integration into the urban fabric. This process manifested itself in their relations with other social groups, their conglomeration in specific quarters, and their increasing capacity to diffuse into other areas and expand their economic activities. This expansion, however, resulted in a conflict between their interests and those of the eşraf/ashraf, who consisted of members of established merchant families, religious dignitaries, and other people who claimed to be descendants of the Prophet. The competing interests of the two groups, especially after the 1760s, were destined to reshape the role of the Janissaries in Aleppo as well as their interactions with other social groups. These confrontations also strengthened the solidarity and esprit de corps among the Janissaries, who had until then preferred to distinguish themselves by their ethnic, tribal, and country-based affiliations.
BEING A COMRADE OF THE CIDDAVIS: THE SECURITY OF THE CAIRO PILGRIMAGE CARAVAN AND ITS ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Abdulmennan Mehmet
Published: June 2022

The Ottoman sultans, who bore the title “Servant of the Two Holy Sanctuaries”, assumed many responsibilities related to Mecca and Medina and their pilgrimage affairs, including the security of pilgrims, pilgrimage routes, and of the Holy Cities themselves. During the Ottoman period, these security services were mainly provided both by soldiers located in Mecca and Medina, and by troops who were sent from the provinces of Damascus and Egypt. This study evaluates the role of the Ciddavi (Ar. Jiddawi) soldiers recruited from the seven corps of Egypt to escort the pilgrimage caravans under the command of the serdar-ı kitar (commander of the military force escorting pilgrims) of Egypt, returning to Cairo at the end of the pilgrimage season. In this context, the military structure and remit of the Ciddavi Unit will be examined by focusing on the imperial edicts in the mühimme-i Mısır registers. This study reveals that the Janissaries were the most powerful and influential military corps within the Ciddavi Unit and they used this power to benefit their commercial interests. The soldiers who went to Mecca and Jeddah from Cairo for pilgrimage services created commercial opportunities for the Janissary Corps, which had a great interest in the Red Sea trade. Janissary commanders and soldiers of the Ciddavi Unit, together with the Egyptian merchants and artisans under their protection, became inconspicuous, yet important, parts of the international trade conducted between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.
Treatment of root coverage with platelet rich fibrin and coronally advanced flap: A case report
Authors: Claudia Michelle Darjanki  , Okkinardo Arief  , Agung Krismariono
Published: June 2022

Background: Gingival recession was one of disorder that frequently found in periodontal tissue. It is a result in exposed root surface and causing discomfort on patient due to the dentin hypersensitivity. One of various modification of gingival recession treatment is the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in combined with coronally positioned flap. Objective: The present case aims to describe the effectiveness of coronally advanced flap (CAF) in combined with PRF in root coverage of Miller’s class 1 gingival recession. Case: A 23 years old female patient complains that she feels a slight pain discomfort on her upper right teeth while taking cold beverages. Clinical findings shows that her upper right premolars having a gingival recession, making her root exposed. Case management: Prior the surgery, patient was performed scaling and root planning. Afterward, coronally advanced flap in combined with PRF was done on premolar region to cover the exposed root surface. Results: Clinical observation of three weeks revealed a complete root coverage with an adequate keratinized tissue and good healing. Conclusion: Coronally advanced flap in combination with platelet-rich fibrin provide an effective treatment in root coverage.