bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Május a vérnyomásmérés hónapja: a 2017-es és a 2019-es év magyarországi eredményeinek elemzése
Authors: Nemcsik János , Páll Dénes , Járai Zoltán
Published: November 2021

A cardiovascularis betegségek hazánkban amellett, hogy vezető halálokként szerepelnek, európai uniós összehasonlításban is kimagasló gyakorisággal fordulnak elő, így az emelkedett vérnyomással élő betegek azonosítását célzó szűrőprogramok jelentősége különösen fontos. A ”Május a vérnyomásmérés hónapja” (May Measurement Month – MMM) egy olyan évenként megrendezett kezdeményezés, amely 2017-ben indult és célkitűzése az emelkedett vérnyomású egyének felismerésének ösztönzése. Hazánk, a Magyar Hypertonia Társaság révén, a kezdetektől csatlakozott a szűrőprogramhoz. Közleményünkben a 2017-es és a 2019-es év eredményeit mutatjuk be. A keresztmetszeti felépítésű szűrőkampányba 18 év feletti alanyok kerültek bevonásra 2017 és 2019 májusában. A hypertonia definícióját ≥140 Hgmm-es szisztolés vagy ≥90 Hgmm-es diasztolés érték, vagy fennálló gyógyszeres kezelés jelentette, az eredmények elemzése a standard MMM-protokollt követte. 2017- ben 97, míg 2019-ben 55 helyszínen zajlottak a szűrések országszerte, háziorvosi rendelőkben, szakrendelőkben, gyógyszertárakban, bevásárlóközpontokban. Az első évben 3967, míg a második évben 2766 személy vett részt a programban. 2017-ben az alanyok 51,8%-a, míg 2019-ben 46,5%-a bizonyult hypertoniásnak. 2017-ben és 2019-ben hasonló arányban volt emelkedett vérnyomású a gyógyszeresen nem kezeltek között (22,4% és 20,8%) és az antihipertenzív kezelést alkalmazók között (44,5% és 46,8%). A szűrőprogramban résztvevők között minden másodiknak volt hypertoniája (kezelt és kontrollált, kezelt és nem kontrollált vagy nem kezelt). A nem kezelt résztvevők között minden ötödiknek volt emelkedett vérnyomása, míg a gyógyszeres kezelés alatt állóknál minden másodiknak volt nem kontrollált a hypertoniája. Azzal, hogy minden harmadik résztvevőnél felmerült a még nem diagnosztizált vagy nem megfelelően kontrollált hypertonia lehetősége, az MMM 2017-es és 2019-es eredményei megerősítik a vérnyomásmérési szűrőprogramok jelentőségét.
Lipidcsökkentő kezelés idült vesebetegségben az új tanulmányok és ajánlások tükrében
Authors: Mátyus János
Published: November 2021

Az idült vesebetegség (chronic kidney disease – CKD), amely napjainkban a populáció 10-14%-át érinti, drámai módon fokozza a cardiovascularis megbetegedések gyakoriságát és súlyosságát, amelyek következtében a betegek többsége meghal, még a vesepótló kezelés előtt. A jelenlegi cardiovascularis rizikót becslő ponttáblázatok CKD-ban jelentősen alulmérik a valós kockázatot, ezért ebben a betegpopulációban nem alkalmazhatók. Cardiovascularis kockázat besorolására is elsősorban a CKD súlyosságának megállapítására alkalmazott kombinált GFR-fehérjevizelés táblázat használata javasolt, amelyet az elmúlt évi hazai kardiológiai konszenzuskonferencia is elfogadott. A koleszterincsökkentő kezelés haszna CKD-ban is bizonyított, az általános populációhoz hasonlóan 1 mmol/l-es LDL-c-csökkentés 20%-kal csökkenti a jelentős cardiovascularis események előfordulását, csak dializált betegek esetében szerényebbek az eredmények a nem atheroscleroticus kórképek előtérbe kerülése miatt. Az újabb klinikai vizsgálatok egyértelműen azt jelezték, hogy minél alacsonyabbak az elért LDL-c-értékek, annál kisebb a jövőbeni cardiovascularis események kockázata is, emiatt az elérendő LDL-c-értékeket az új ajánlások is szigorították.
STRATEGIC PARADIGM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WORLD ECONOMY DEPRESSION AND A LARGE-SCALE PANDEMIC
Authors:   Academy of Social Management, Mytischi, Russian Federation, ALIEV ADIK , SAVELIEV VIKTOR , SAVELIEV ANDREY
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify the mechanisms that give rise to economic depressions and crises in the world economy of the XXI century. The article proposes a possible methodological strategy for the functioning of the national economy in the context of sanctions and pandemics. The authors seek to identify the most promising points of institutional solutions aimed at overcoming new economic challenges. The empirical and theoretical basis of the article is the material of economists, legal scholars and the historical experience of organizing economic space.
ON THE QUESTION OF SOME FEATURES OF THE UNIFIED STATE REGISTERS AS THE SUBJECT OF A CRIME
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, PETROVA INESSA ,   Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Kurgan
Published: November 2021

The article considers some features of the unified state registers that are the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, reveals the content of each designated feature of the concept under study, which allowed us to formulate a definition of the unified state registers. The systematization of the unified state registers is given, based on their classification on various grounds. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of criminal law protection of relations in the field of maintaining unified state registers, for the understanding of which it is necessary to know the regulatory legislation, since the disposition of the criminal law norm provided for in Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is of a blank nature. The study shows that a clear definition of unified state registers allows us to assess from a legal point of view which of them are the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is reflected in the correct qualification of criminal acts that infringe on relations in the field of maintaining unified state registers. The purpose of the study is to clarify the features of criminal law protection of relations in the field of maintaining unified state registers through the prism of understanding some of the characteristic features of unified state registers as the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The conducted research allowed us to formulate the author's definition of the unified state registers, to clearly identify the features inherent in the unified state registers, which allows us to give a legal assessment of acts containing signs of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the work is a synergetic approach, implemented through structural analysis and effective synthesis through the study of certain aspects of the criminal law phenomenon under consideration. The practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of distinguishing the attribution of unified state registers to the subject of a crime under Article 2853 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation from unified state registers that are not such, which will eventually be reflected in a clear distinction between criminal acts and other illegal ones.
FALA SÉRIO !
Authors:   UEMG - Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais - Unidade Frutal, Pessoa Marcelo ,   AKEDIA - Publisher
Published: November 2021

Through a critical sociocultural analysis, the author establishes points and counterpoints that unite, in the same lineage, the biography of the socio-environmental activist, the Swedish woman Greta Thumberg, the controversial President of the Republic of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, and the Chinese oppression of ethnicity Uighur. Thus, in the sweet acidity of these seams, the texts of FALA SÉRIO! represent an indispensable production for anyone who wants to visualize, in a photograph made up of words, images and thoughts, what it has been like to live in the turbulent months of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
TEACHING BY ALPHABET POEM IN ENHANCING STUDENT’S LEARNING STYLE
Authors: Dalimunte Muhammad , Daulay Sholihatul Hamidah , Putri Atika Winari
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to determine the Alphabet Poem in teaching English. This paper investigates how Alphabet Poem knowledge can help to teach English in English Language Teaching (ELT). The author will conduct a literature review method. The purpose of this paper was to study how alphabet poem can enhancing student’s learning style. The method by using library research and a philosophical or  pedagogical approach. The results showed that the role of alphabet poem in teaching English is suitable for learning styles (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic). English students will benefit from the knowledge of alphabet poems and how to teach teaching materials in three different learning styles. The applied linguistic content helps language learners better understand alphabet poems in ELT. The study draws the attention of teachers to be more concerned with the communication condition of students by the creative poem and to the fact that teachers cannot act as expected unless they are each of their learning styles. The teacher brings and teaches the alphabet poem to the students so the students who receive it will also imitate how to make the alphabet poem again so that through learning English it becomes a lesson that is liked by students and students can fluently in English.
ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS UTTERED BY THE MAIN CHARACTER IN FEAR OF RAIN MOVIE: PRAGMATIC APPROACH
Authors: Hastuti Erni , Utami Hani Amalia , Oswari Teddy
Published: November 2021

Speech acts are pragmatic elements that involve speaker and hearers in every conversation in which it has an illocutionary act. The purpose of the research was to find out the types and functions of illocutionary acts. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The data analyzed used the theory of Searle. The source of data is utterance of the main character in Fear of Rain movie. In this research, there are 355 data which contain types of illocutionary acts, such as assertive with 189 data (53%) which consist of 7 functions (stating, informing, asserting, complaining, predicting, convincing, agreeing). Directives with 117 data (33%) consisted of 7 functions (asking, commanding, requesting, advising, warning, suggesting, inviting). Commissive with 19 data (5%) which consist of 3 functions (promising, refusing, and offering). Expressive with 30 data (9%) consisted of 6 functions (thanking, apologizing, praising, greeting, blaming, and expressing anger). The most frequently type of illocutionary act is assertive because the utterance of the main character is believed to be true based on the fact
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ON COMPANY PERFORMANCE AT PT AHLINDO PERKASA ALAM
Authors: Kaban Lila , Salim Jasmine
Published: November 2021

Supply chain management, especially in manufacturing companies, is very important as the companies rely on the raw materials needed for production. Moreover, the success of a company is also determined by how it could gain competitive advantage to compete in the industry. It is proven that a company with effective supply chain management and competitive advantage would perform better. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of supply chain management and competitive advantage on company performance conducted at PT Ahlindo Perkasa Alam. This research uses quantitative method with Census sampling of 32 employees working in the company. The test results show that Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage have a positive significant effect on Company Performance at PT Ahlindo Perkasa Alam as much as 76.1%.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON JOB SATISFACTION OF BIMA CITY SOCIAL SERVICE EMPLOYEES
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin , Jaenab Jaenab
Published: November 2021

This study aims to explain the influence between organizational culture and work discipline variables on employee job satisfaction simultaneously and partially. This type of research is associative research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 56 employees and the research sample used was using the slovin formula, namely 36 employees at the Bima City Social Service. The analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study simultaneously show that organizational culture and work discipline have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction. sig value. F obtained is 0.000. The results of the study partially show that organizational culture has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction with a sig. t is 2,626. The results of the study partially show that organizational culture and work discipline have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction with a sig.t value of 4.825.
A Rule Extraction Technique Applied to Ensembles of Neural Networks, Random Forests, and Gradient-Boosted Trees
Authors: Bologna Guido
Published: November 2021

In machine learning, ensembles of models based on Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) or decision trees are considered successful models. However, explaining their responses is a complex problem that requires the creation of new methods of interpretation. A natural way to explain the classifications of the models is to transform them into propositional rules. In this work, we focus on random forests and gradient-boosted trees. Specifically, these models are converted into an ensemble of interpretable MLPs from which propositional rules are produced. The rule extraction method presented here allows one to precisely locate the discriminating hyperplanes that constitute the antecedents of the rules. In experiments based on eight classification problems, we compared our rule extraction technique to “Skope-Rules” and other state-of-the-art techniques. Experiments were performed with ten-fold cross-validation trials, with propositional rules that were also generated from ensembles of interpretable MLPs. By evaluating the characteristics of the extracted rules in terms of complexity, fidelity, and accuracy, the results obtained showed that our rule extraction technique is competitive. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few works showing a rule extraction technique that has been applied to both ensembles of decision trees and neural networks.
A Text-Driven Aircraft Fault Diagnosis Model Based on Word2vec and Stacking Ensemble Learning
Authors: Zhou Shenghan , Wei Chaofan , Li Pan , Liu Anying , Chang Wenbing , Xiao Yiyong
Published: November 2021

Traditional aircraft maintenance support work is mainly based on structured data. Unstructured data, such as text data, have not been fully used, which means there is a waste of resources. These unstructured data contain a great storehouse of fault knowledge, which could provide decision support for aircraft maintenance support work. Therefore, a text-based fault diagnosis model is proposed in this paper. The proposed method uses Word2vec to map text words into vector space, and the extracted text feature vectors are then input into the classifier based on a stacking ensemble learning scheme. Its performance has been validated using a real aircraft fault text dataset. The results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy of the proposed method is 97.35%, which is about 2% higher than that of the suboptimal method.
Investigation of the Impact of a Particle Foam Insulation on Airflow, Temperature Distribution, Pressure Profile and Frost Buildup on the Aircraft Structure
Authors: Norrefeldt Victor , Riedl Gerhard
Published: November 2021

Aircraft insulation separates the thermally comfortable cabin interior environment from the extremely cold outside conditions. However, the fabrication and installation of the insulation in the aircraft is a labor-intensive task. Tailored, rigid particle foam parts could be a solution to speed up the installation process. The presented study investigates the feasibility of such a concept from a hygrothermal point of view. Due to the temperature difference between the cold air trapped between aircraft skin and insulation on one side and the warm cabin air on the other side, a buoyancy-induced pressure difference forms. This effect drives the warmer air through leakages in the insulation system towards the cold skin. Here, moisture contained in the air condenses on the cold surfaces, increasing the risk for uncontrolled dripping (“rain in the plane”) when it melts. Therefore, this study compares the condensate build-up of different installations of a rigid particle foam frame insulation with the classical glass fiber capstrip. Tests are hosted in the Fraunhofer Lining and Insulation Test Environment chamber. It is shown that careful installation of the particle foam frame insulation provides similar level of moisture protection as the current state of the art insulation, and that the condensate amount does not depend on the amount of airflow directly behind the sidewall.
Low-Dose Insecticide Combinations for Colorado Potato Beetle Control
Authors: Bažok Renata , O’Keeffe Jamie , Jurada Ivana , Drmić Zrinka , Kadoić Balaško Martina , Čačija Maja
Published: November 2021

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is the most notorious and problematic insect defoliator pest of potato. It is well known for its ability to develop resistance to chemical insecticides, so novel treatment methods must be developed. A possible solution is the application of newer groups of insecticides (biotechnical and biological insecticides) which are more selective and to which resistance has not yet been recorded. This work investigated the use of ecologically acceptable insecticide treatments: azadirachtin, spinosad and spinetoram, and their combinations against CPB larvae in laboratory and field conditions. Reduced dosing and combinational treatments were used to determine if effective protection against CPB could be achieved while also improving economic results. Our results from laboratory trials showed that combinations of low-dose azadirachtin (25%) and low-dose spinetoram (5%) are suitable for use in CPB integrated pest management. The results of the field trial showed that the use of 50% reduced dosage of spinosad and spinetoram resulted in high efficacy (89–99%) and can be recommended as a treatment method that provides effective control of CPB, improved economic results, and a positive environmental impact. Based on the advantages that these treatments offer compared to chemical insecticides, further work is recommended to determine if these combinational treatments used in other dosages or in combinations with some other ecologically acceptable insecticides can provide satisfactory control of CPB.
Quantification of Root-Knot Nematode Infestation in Tomato Using Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Pun Top Bahadur , Neupane Arjun , Koech Richard
Published: November 2021

Tomato is the most popular vegetable globally. However, in certain conditions, the vegetable is susceptible to plant parasites such as the root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.). A proper detection method is required to identify RKN and eliminate related diseases. The traditional manual quantification of RKN using a microscope is a time-consuming and laborious task. This study aims to develop a semi-automated method to discern and quantify RKN based on size using an image analysis method. The length of RKN was assessed using three novel approaches: contour arc (CA), thin structure (TS), and skeleton graph (SG) methods. These lengths were compared with the manual measurement of RKN length. The study showed that the RKN length obtained by manual measurement was highly correlated to the length based on this method, with R2 of 0.898, 0.875, and 0.898 for the CA, TS, and SG methods, respectively. These approaches were further tested to detect RKN on 517 images. The manual and automated counting comparison revealed a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.857, 0.835 and 0.828 for CA, TS, and SG methods, respectively. The one-way ANOVA test on counting revealed F-statistic = 4.440 and p-value = 0.004. The ratio of length to width was investigated further at different ranges. The optimal result was found to occur at ratio range between 10–35. The CA, TS, and SG methods attained the highest R2 of 0.965, 0.958, and 0.973, respectively. This study found that the SG method is most suitable for detecting and counting RKN. This method can be applied to detect RKN or other nematodes on severely infected crops and root vegetables, including sweet potato and ginger. The study significantly helps in quantifying pests for rapid farm management and thus minimise crop and vegetable losses.
Intra-Plant Variability for Heat Tolerance Related Attributes in Upland Cotton
Authors: Rehman Aneeq ur , Rana Iqrar Ahmad , Majeed Sajid , Chaudhary Muhammad Tanees , Zulfiqar Mujahid , Yang Seung-Hwan , Chung Gyuhwa , Jia Yinhua , Du Xiongming , Hinze Lori , Azhar Muhammad Tehseen
Published: November 2021

Abiotic stress, particularly heat stress, affects various parts of the cotton plant and ultimately impacts the seed cotton yield. Different portions of a single cotton plant of a cultivar exhibit variable responses to stress during reproductive and vegetative phases. To test this hypothesis, physiological and morphological traits related to heat stress were observed for two flowering positions in 13 genotypes of upland cotton. These genotypes were sown in field conditions in triplicate following a randomized complete block design. Data were collected for pollen germination, pollen viability, cell membrane thermostability, chlorophyll content, boll weight, and boll retention for both the top and bottom branches of each genotype. The collected data were analyzed for the identification of variability within and between genotypes for these two flowering positions. Tukey’s test was applied to estimate the significance of differences between genotypes and positions within each genotype. Results showed that the two positions within the same plant statistically varied from each other. The bottom branches of the genotypes performed significantly better for all traits measured except boll weight. The genotype AA-933 performed best for pollen germination and boll retention, while CYTO-608 exhibited maximum pollen viability in both the bottom and top flower positions compared with other genotypes. Overall, MNH-1016 and CIM-602 showed better cell membrane thermostability and chlorophyll content, respectively. This intra-plant variability can be further exploited in breeding programs to enhance the stress tolerance capabilities of the resulting varieties.
The Usefulness of Sexual Behaviour Assessment at the Beginning of Service to Predict the Suitability of Boars for Artificial Insemination
Authors: Kondracki Stanisław , Iwanina Maria , Wysokińska Anna , Banaszewska Dorota , Kordan Władysław , Fraser Leyland , Rymuza Katarzyna , Górski Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Parameters of sexual activity were determined in 49 young boars used for artificial insemination, four times at three-month intervals. The parameters included the time from entering the arena until mounting the phantom; the time from mounting the phantom until achieving erection; the time from achieving full erection until the start of ejaculation; duration of ejaculation; and the number of times the boar mounted the phantom. Characteristics of the ejaculates were also assessed. The libido parameter associated with the greatest efficacy of artificial insemination was the effectiveness of artificial insemination service, the time from entering the arena until the start of ejaculation. The significance of this trait for predicting ejaculation performance was analysed. The libido characteristics were classified into three categories: boars with a short reaction time to the phantom, boars with an intermediate reaction time, and boars with a long reaction time. For these groups, the characteristics of ejaculates collected at the start of the period during which ejaculates were collected and after three, six and nine months were determined. The sexual experience of boars was not associated with the expression of sexual behaviour because young boars during their first three months of ejaculate collections required less time to initiate ejaculation. The ejaculates with the greatest utility were obtained after six months of service. These ejaculates had the largest volume (255.22 mL), and the most insemination doses could be prepared from these ejaculates. On average, more than 23 insemination doses were prepared from ejaculates collected after six months of semen collections, which is about four doses more than from ejaculates collected at the start of artificial insemination service (p < 0.01).The time from entering the arena to beginning ejaculation can be used to predict a boar’s future libido. A relationship was shown between the level of libido and ejaculate characteristics. The ejaculates of the boars which needed the longest time to begin ejaculation at the start of semen collections had the greatest sperm concentration and number. In group 3, the boars’ejaculates contained about 6–9 × 109 more sperm than the ejaculates of boars from group 1. After six months of the experimental period, the difference was nearly 15 × 109 sperm (p < 0.05), and after nine months, it exceeded 22 × 109 sperm (p < 0.01).
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of DDE_Tnp_4 Family Genes in Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Xu Yuanfeng , Zheng Jinbin , Yang Yanan , Cui Zhaoxia
Published: November 2021

DDE transposase 4 (DDE_Tnp_4) family is a large endonuclease family involved in a wide variety of biological processes. However, little information is available about this family in crustaceans. In this study, we used HMMER to identify 39 DDE_Tnp_4 family genes in Eriocheir sinensis genome, and the genes were classified into four subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis. Gene expansions occurred among E. sinensis genome, and synteny analysis revealed that some DDE_Tnp_4 family genes were caused by tandem duplication. In addition, the expression profiles of DDE_Tnp_4 family genes in E. sinensis indicated that subfamily I and II genes were up-regulated in response to acute high salinity and air exposure stress. E. sinensis is a kind of economical crustacean with strong tolerance to environmental stress. We confirmed the expansion of DDE_Tnp_4 family genes in E. sinensis and speculated that this expansion is associated with strong tolerance of E. sinensis. This study sheds light on characterizations and expression profiles of DDE_Tnp_4 family genes in E. sinensis and provides an integrated framework for further investigation on environmental adaptive functions of DDE_Tnp_4 family in crustaceans.
Bioactive Compounds in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Diseases: Targeting the NRF2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Thiruvengadam Muthu , Venkidasamy Baskar , Subramanian Umadevi , Samynathan Ramkumar , Ali Shariati Mohammad , Rebezov Maksim , Girish Shabari , Thangavel Sivakumar , Dhanapal Anand Raj , Fedoseeva Natalya , Lee Joohyun , Chung Ill-Min
Published: November 2021

Oxidative stress is a pathological condition occurring due to an imbalance between the oxidants and antioxidant defense systems in the body. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), encoded by the gene NFE2L2, is the master regulator of phase II antioxidant enzymes that protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. NRF2/ARE signaling has been considered as a promising target against oxidative stress-mediated diseases like diabetes, fibrosis, neurotoxicity, and cancer. The consumption of dietary phytochemicals acts as an effective modulator of NRF2/ARE in various acute and chronic diseases. In the present review, we discussed the role of NRF2 in diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), cancer, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discussed the phytochemicals like curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, apigenin, sulforaphane, and ursolic acid that have effectively modified NRF2 signaling and prevented various diseases in both in vitro and in vivo models. Based on the literature, it is clear that dietary phytochemicals can prevent diseases by (1) blocking oxidative stress-inhibiting inflammatory mediators through inhibiting Keap1 or activating Nrf2 expression and its downstream targets in the nucleus, including HO-1, SOD, and CAT; (2) regulating NRF2 signaling by various kinases like GSK3beta, PI3/AKT, and MAPK; and (3) modifying epigenetic modulation, such as methylation, at the NRF2 promoter region; however, further investigation into other upstream signaling molecules like NRF2 and the effect of phytochemicals on them still need to be investigated in the near future.
Emerging Non-Thermal Technologies for the Extraction of Grape Anthocyanins
Authors: Morata Antonio , Escott Carlos , Loira Iris , López Carmen , Palomero Felipe , González Carmen
Published: November 2021

Anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments broadly distributed in plants with great potential to be used as food colorants due to their range of colors, innocuous nature, and positive impact on human health. However, these molecules are unstable and affected by pH changes, oxidation and high temperatures, making it very important to extract them using gentle non-thermal technologies. The use of emerging non-thermal techniques such as High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP), Ultra High Pressure Homogenization (UHPH), Pulsed Electric Fields (PEFs), Ultrasound (US), irradiation, and Pulsed Light (PL) is currently increasing for many applications in food technology. This article reviews their application, features, advantages and drawbacks in the extraction of anthocyanins from grapes. It shows how extraction can be significantly increased with many of these techniques, while decreasing extraction times and maintaining antioxidant capacity.
AI Model for Predicting Legal Judgments to Improve Accuracy and Explainability of Online Privacy Invasion Cases
Authors: Park Minjung , Chai Sangmi
Published: November 2021

Since there are growing concerns regarding online privacy, firms may have the risk of being involved in various privacy infringement cases resulting in legal causations. If firms are aware of consequences from possible cases of invasion of online privacy, they can more actively prevent future online privacy infringements. Thus, this study attempts to predict the probability of judgment types caused by various invasions within US judicial cases that are related to online privacy invasions. Since legal judgment results are significantly influenced by societal factors and technological development, this study tries to identify a model that can accurately predict legal judgment with explainability. To archive the study objective, it compares the prediction performance by applying five types of classification algorithms (LDA, NNET, CART, SVM, and random forest) of machine learning. We also examined the relationship between privacy infringement factors and adjudications by applying network text analysis. The results indicate that firms could have a high possibility of both civil and criminal law responsibilities if they distributed malware or spyware, intentionally or non-intentionally, to collect unauthorized data. It addresses the needs of reflecting both quantitative and qualitative approach for establishing automatic legal systems for improving its accuracy based on the socio-technical perspective.
Resurgence of a Nation’s Radiation Science Driven by Its Nuclear Industry Needs
Authors: Leay Laura , Baidak Aliaksandr , Anderson Christopher , Chan Choen May , Daubney Aaron , Donoclift Thomas , Draper Gemma , Edge Ruth , Hobbs Jeff , Jones Luke , Mason Nicholas J. S. , Messer Darryl , O’Leary Mel , Orr Robin , Pimblott Simon M. , de Moraes Shubeita Samir , Smith Andrew D. , Steele Helen , Wady Paul , Currell Frederick
Published: November 2021

This article describes the radiation facilities and associated sample preparation, management, and analysis equipment currently in place at the Dalton Cumbrian Facility, a facility which opened in 2011 to support the UK’s nuclear industry. Examples of measurements performed using these facilities are presented to illustrate their versatility and the breadth of research they make possible. Results are presented from research which furthers our understanding of radiation damage to polymeric materials, radiolytic yield of gaseous products in situations relevant to nuclear materials, radiation chemistry in light water reactor cooling systems, material chemistry relevant to immobilization of nuclear waste, and radiation-induced corrosion of fuel cladding elements. Applications of radiation chemistry relevant to health care are also described. Research concerning the mechanisms of radioprotection by dietary carotenoids is reported. An ongoing open-labware project to develop a suite of modular sample handling components suited to radiation research is described, as is the development of a new neutron source able to provide directional beams of neutrons.
Cartilage Repair and Regeneration: Focus on Multi-Disciplinary Strategies—Highlight on Magneto-Responsive Techniques
Authors: Szychlinska Marta Anna
Published: November 2021

This editorial focuses on the interesting studies published within the present Special Issue and dealing with the innovative multi-disciplinary therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal diseases. Moreover, it highlights the noteworthy magneto-responsive technique for a cartilage regeneration scope and reports some interesting studies and their outcomes in this specific field.
Experimental Research on Braking Feedback and Taxiing Feedback System of New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Yingshuai , Tan Siyuan
Published: November 2021

This paper took a new energy vehicle feedback system as the research object, aiming to study the energy recovery law of the new energy vehicle under braking feedback and taxiing feedback conditions. Firstly, the braking energy feedback control strategy and different forms of taxiing energy feedback were studied. Then the integration and application of braking energy recovery system were carried out on a pure electric bus and a hybrid electric bus, with each vehicle model corresponding to different integration and test schemes, which provided a guarantee for the relevant test of real vehicle environments. Finally, relevant vehicle experiments were carried out to test the impact of superposition and coordination strategies on the contribution rate of braking energy recovery under a typical Chinese city bus circle and compared the difference in vehicle energy consumption with and without taxi feedback strategy. The test results showed that the coordinated braking energy recovery control strategy can make more effective use of the maximum torque that can be fed back by the motor, and the fuel consumption of the taxiing feedback mode was lower than that of the no taxiing feedback mode under different driving conditions.
Variations in Essential Oil Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don from Different Geographical Origins—A Critical Review
Authors: Lima Ana , Arruda Filipe , Medeiros Jorge , Baptista José , Madruga João , Lima Elisabete
Published: November 2021

The scientific community is paying increasing attention to plant waste valorization, and also to “greener” practices in the agriculture, food and cosmetic sectors. In this context, unused forest biomass (e.g., leaves, seed cones, branches/twigs, bark and sapwood) of Cryptomeria japonica, a commercially important tree throughout Asia and the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), is currently waste/by-products of wood processing that can be converted into eco-friendly and high added-value products, such as essential oils (EOs), with social, environmental and economic impacts. Plant-derived EOs are complex mixtures of metabolites, mostly terpenes and terpenoids, with valuable bioactivities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral and pesticide), which can find applications in several industries, such as pharmaceutical, medical, aromatherapy, food, cosmetic, perfumery, household and agrochemical (e.g., biopesticides), with manifold approaches. The EOs components are also of value for taxonomic investigations. It is known that the variation in EOs chemical composition and, consequently, in their biological activities and commercial use, is due to different exogenous and endogenous factors that can lead to ecotypes or chemotypes in the same plant species. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, biological properties and proposals of valorization of C. japonica EO from several countries, and also to indicate gaps in the current knowledge.
Comparative Analysis of COL9A1 Genotyping in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Roi Alexandra , Andreescu Nicoleta Ioana , Roi Ciprian Ioan , Negruțiu Meda-Lavinia , Sinescu Cosmin , Riviș Mircea , Boruga Madalina Veronica , Rusu Laura-Cristina
Published: November 2021

The epidemiology of OSCC continues to increase despite the progress that has been made. More than ever, the diagnostic approach process needs to focus on genetic and epigenetic alterations. The aim of our study was to identify and correlate the presence of COL9A1 gene variants in two types of samples from OSCC patients. Methods: Our pilot study included 32 subjects diagnosed with OSCC. Fresh tumour tissue and peripheral blood samples were used in order to identify the genotypes of the COL9A1 gene. Variables, such as age, gender and tobacco and alcohol use, were also taken into consideration. The DNA analysis of the samples was based on a tagged SNP (rs550675) for the allelic discrimination. Results: The statistical significance and correlation of the COL9A1 genotypes within the two categories of samples was statistically significant (p < 0.001) for the C/T and T/T genotypes, providing an important perspective on the potential identification in blood samples of the gene mutation encountered in OSCC. Conclusions: This is the first study that focused on providing preliminary results using blood samples via the identification of COL9A1 gene variants in OSCC patients. The possibility of introducing a liquid biomarker by targeting this genetic variant is an appealing perspective for screening and diagnosis.
Icing Mitigation by MEMS-Fabricated Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Lindner Matthias , Pipa Andrei V. , Karpen Norbert , Hink Rüdiger , Berndt Dominik , Foest Rüdiger , Bonaccurso Elmar , Weichwald Robert , Friedberger Alois , Caspari Ralf , Brandenburg Ronny , Schreiner Rupert
Published: November 2021

Avoiding ice accumulation on aerodynamic components is of enormous importance to flight safety. Novel approaches utilizing surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) are expected to be more efficient and effective than conventional solutions for preventing ice accretion on aerodynamic components. In this work, the realization of SDBDs based on thin-film substrates by means of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology is presented. The anti-icing performance of the MEMS SDBDs is presented and compared to SDBDs manufactured by printed circuit board (PCB) technology. It was observed that the 35 μm thick electrodes of the PCB SDBDs favor surface icing with an initial accumulation of supercooled water droplets at the electrode impact edges. This effect was not observed for 0.3 μm thick MEMS-fabricated electrodes indicating a clear advantage for MEMS-technology SDBDs for anti-icing applications. Titanium was identified as the most suitable material for MEMS electrodes. In addition, an optimization of the MEMS-SDBDs with respect to the dielectric materials as well as SDBD design is discussed.
A Relation-Theoretic Metrical Fixed Point Theorem for Rational Type Contraction Mapping with an Application
Authors: Hossain Asik , Khan Faizan Ahmad , Khan Qamrul Haq
Published: November 2021

In this article, we discuss the relation theoretic aspect of rational type contractive mapping to obtain fixed point results in a complete metric space under arbitrary binary relation. Furthermore, we provide an application to find a solution to a non-linear integral equation.
Mother-to-Child Signaling through Breast Milk Biomolecules
Authors: Röszer Tamás
Published: November 2021

Breastfeeding—or lactation—is a unique and defining reproductive trait of mammals that nourishes offspring by supplying nutrient-rich breast milk [...]
Altered Steroidome in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Neuroactive and Immunomodulatory Steroids from the 24th Week of Pregnancy to Labor
Authors: Ondřejíková Leona , Pařízek Antonín , Šimják Patrik , Vejražková Daniela , Velíková Marta , Anderlová Kateřina , Vosátková Michala , Krejčí Hana , Koucký Michal , Kancheva Radmila , Dušková Michaela , Vaňková Markéta , Bulant Josef , Hill Martin
Published: November 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication in pregnancy, but studies focused on the steroidome in patients with GDM are not available in the public domain. This article evaluates the steroidome in GDM+ and GDM− women and its changes from 24 weeks (± of gestation) to labor. The study included GDM+ (n = 44) and GDM− women (n = 33), in weeks 24–28, 30–36 of gestation and at labor and mixed umbilical blood after delivery. Steroidomic data (101 steroids quantified by GC-MS/MS) support the concept that the increasing diabetogenic effects with the approaching term are associated with mounting progesterone levels. The GDM+ group showed lower levels of testosterone (due to reduced AKR1C3 activity), estradiol (due to a shift from the HSD17B1 towards HSD17B2 activity), 7-oxygenated androgens (competing with cortisone for HSD11B1 and shifting the balance from diabetogenic cortisol towards the inactive cortisone), reduced activities of SRD5As, and CYP17A1 in the hydroxylase but higher CYP17A1 activity in the lyase step. With the approaching term, the authors found rising activities of CYP3A7, AKR1C1, CYP17A1 in its hydroxylase step, but a decline in its lyase step, rising conjugation of neuroinhibitory and pregnancy-stabilizing steroids and weakening AKR1D1 activity.
WPK5, a Novel Kunitz-Type Peptide from the Leech Whitmania pigra Inhibiting Factor XIa, and Its Loop-Replaced Mutant to Improve Potency
Authors: Zheng Yi-Zheng , Ji Xiao-Ru , Liu Yun-Yang , Jiang Shuai , Yu Xiang-Ying , Jia Zhi-Ping , Zhao Yue , Zhang Jun-Qiao , Zhang Jia-Li , Kong Yi
Published: November 2021

Kunitz-type proteins or peptides have been found in many blood-sucking animals, but the identity of them in leeches remained elusive. In the present study, five Kunitz-type peptides named WPK1-WPK5 were identified from the leech Whitmania pigra. Recombinant WPK1-WPK5 were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, and their inhibitory activity against Factor XIa (FXIa) was tested. WPK5 showed inhibitory activity against FXIa with an IC50 value of 978.20 nM. To improve its potency, the loop replacement strategy was used. The loop 1 (TGPCRSNLER) and loop 2 (QYGGC) in WPK5 were replaced by loop 1 (TGPCRAMISR) and loop 2 (FYGGC) in PN2KPI, respectively, and the resulting peptide named WPK5-Mut showed an IC50 value of 8.34 nM to FXIa, which is about 100-fold the potency of FXIa compared to that of WPK5. WPK5-Mut was further evaluated for its extensive bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. It dose-dependently prolonged APTT on both murine plasma and human plasma, and potently inhibited FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis in mice at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Additionally, WPK5-Mut did not show significant bleeding risk at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Together, these results showed that WPK5-Mut is a promising candidate for the development of an antithrombotic drug.
Causal Links between Hypovitaminosis D and Dysregulation of the T Cell Connection of Immunity Associated with Obesity and Concomitant Pathologies
Authors: Todosenko Natalia , Vulf Maria , Yurova Kristina , Khaziakhmatova Olga , Mikhailova Larisa , Litvinova Larisa
Published: November 2021

Subclinical inflammation in morbid obesity is associated with immune activation and the development of concomitant diseases. Impaired immune homeostasis and immune cell dysregulation in adipose tissue are associated with phenotypic and functional changes in the pool of T lymphocytes and the development of chronic hypovitaminosis D. Low vitamin D levels in obesity lead to the activation, proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators by T cells. Hypovitaminosis D is the cause of a decrease in the functional potential of regulatory and anti-inflammatory lymphocytes and the maintenance of the inflammatory response. The exact molecular genetic mechanisms of the effect of vitamin D on T lymphocytes have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, uncovering the functional role of T cells and their relationship to vitamin D homeostasis in the context of obesity development may contribute to the development of new pathogenetic methods for clinical prediction of the risk of metabolic, oncologic, autoimmune and infectious complications. The review presents the molecular genetic mechanisms of the effect of vitamin D on adipose tissue resident T lymphocytes and the characteristics of vitamin D receptor expression, and analyzes the phenotypic and functional characteristics of potentially pathogenic T lymphocytes in relation to the development of obesity and its associated complications.
Consonantal Landmarks as Predictors of Dysarthria among English-Speaking Adults with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Liu Chin-Ting , Chen Yuan-shan
Published: November 2021

The current study explored the possibility that the consonantal landmarks served as predictors of dysarthric speech produced by English-speaking adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Additionally, the relationship between the perceptual severity of dysarthric speech and the consonantal landmarks was explored. The analyses included 210 sentences from the TORGO database produced by seven English-speaking CP speakers with dysarthria and seven typically developing controls matched in age and gender. The results indicated that the clinical group produced more total landmark features than did the control group. A binominal regression analysis revealed that the improper control of laryngeal vibration and the inability to tactically control the energy in a voiced segment would lead to the higher likelihood of dysarthric speech. A multinominal regression analysis revealed that producing too many +v and −v landmark features would lead to higher perceptual severity levels among the CP speakers. Together with literature, the current study proposed that the landmark-based acoustic analysis could quantify the differences in consonantal productions between dysarthric and non-dysarthric speech and reflect the underlying speech motor deficits of the population in concern.
Association of a Combined Cancer Exhaustion Score with Circulating Tumor Cells and Outcome in Ovarian Cancer—A Study of the OVCAD Consortium
Authors: Obermayr Eva , Braicu Elena Ioana , Polterauer Stephan , Loverix Liselore , Concin Nicole , Woelber Linn , Mahner Sven , Sehouli Jalid , Van Gorp Toon , Vergote Ignace , Zeillinger Robert , Aust Stefanie
Published: November 2021

We investigated the prognostic role of systemic characteristics for cancer exhaustion and the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in primary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. We included 185 patients in this multicenter study with a median follow-up time of 10.25 years. Albumin, c-reactive protein (CRP) and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) as well as the CTC-related marker cyclophilin C (PPIC) were obtained before primary therapy and were correlated to the respective clinical and outcome data. The information provided by albumin and Kyn/Trp was integrated in a combined score for cancer exhaustion (CCES). A high CCES characterized by hypoalbuminemia and a high Kyn/Trp was associated with both decreased overall and progression-free survival, independent from other known prognostic factors in a multivariable analysis. The presence of PPIC-positive CTCs was significantly associated with a high CCES, highlighting that the interplay between the systemic microenvironment and CTCs should be considered in “liquid biopsy” biomarker assessment.