bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intentional controlled islanding based on dynamic community detection for power grid
Authors: Han Xu , Huangpeng Qizi , Duan Xiaojun , Gao Qiannan , Yin Yimin
Published: September 2022

Power system controlled islanding is an emergency control method used to stop the propagation of disturbances and avoid blackouts. Intentional controlled islanding (ICI) has been proposed as a corrective measure of last resort to split the power system into several sustainable islands. Complex network community detection is widely used in network partitioning and can be used to solve controlled islanding problems. The objective of this study is to apply the dynamic network community detection method to solve ICI problems. Using dynamic network modelling, the division‐agglomeration (Di‐Ag) algorithm is proposed. Dynamic modelling presets the computation task of the algorithm in the healthy grid phase. The algorithm balances the efficiency of the algorithm, power imbalance, and power flow disruption, without sacrificing other objectives to optimise one objective. Specifically, the grid topology is taken into account when the grid is divided using betweenness as edge weight. The first step of the Di‐Ag algorithm uses the dynamic Girvan–Newman algorithm to achieve the goal of power imbalance. Moreover, only the islands' involved lines (nodes) are updated, which improves the efficiency of the algorithm. In the second step of the Di‐Ag algorithm, the algorithm merges the islands to reduce power flow disruption. The IEEE 39‐bus and 118‐bus system are used to compare the performance of the proposed dynamic modelling method and the static network community discovery method in three different cases.
Optimization scheme of partial discharge location of external insulation based on 2‐D multiple signal classification algorithm
Authors: Pei Shaotong , Liu Dewang , Ye Zijian , Yang Jiajun , Liu Yunpeng
Published: September 2022

Partial discharge (PD) localization is critical to ensure the safe operation of power equipment. In this paper, an optimization scheme is developed for PD positioning of external insulation equipment. The optimization scheme is based on an eight‐element cross sensor array to receive the ultrasonic signal generated by the PD, and uses the highly accurate 2‐D multiple signal classification (2‐D MUSIC) algorithm to locate the signal. Simulated discharge signal is adopted to test the optimization scheme, and the results show that the positioning error is less than 0.61° when the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is above −5 dB. In addition, three discharge models are tested at various locations. The average azimuth errors are 0.9°, 1.9°, and 1.55° for the needle‐plate, cone‐plate, and ball‐plate discharge models, respectively, and the average pitch angle errors are 0.75°, 2.1°, and 1.4°, respectively. These show that the needle‐plate model has the best positioning effect. Simulations and experiments are also carried out on the double discharge source scenario, and the error is within 2.2°. A PD location visualization equipment based on the proposed optimization scheme is developed and applied on‐site. The equipment is capable of satisfying the requirements of operation and maintenance.
What drives decayless kink oscillations in active-region coronal loops on the Sun?
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Antolin Patrick , Peter Hardi , Solanki Sami K. , Auchère Frédéric , Berghmans David , Zhukov Andrei N. , Teriaca Luca , Cuadrado Regina A. , Schühle Udo , Parenti Susanna , Buchlin Éric , Harra Louise , Verbeeck Cis , Kraaikamp Emil , Long David M. , Rodriguez Luciano , Pelouze Gabriel , Schwanitz Conrad , Barczynski Krzysztof , Smith Phil J.
Published: September 2022

Here, we present a study of the phenomena of decayless kink oscillations in a system of active-region (AR) coronal loops. Using high-resolution observations from two different instruments, namely the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board Solar Orbiter and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we follow these AR loops for an hour each on three consecutive days. Our results show significantly more resolved decayless waves in the higher resolution EUI data compared with the AIA data. Furthermore, the same system of loops exhibits many of these decayless oscillations on Day 2, while we detect very few oscillations on Day 3 , and find none at all on Day 1. Analysis of photospheric magnetic field data reveals that, most of the time, these loops were rooted in sunspots, where supergranular flows are generally absent. This suggests that supergranular flows, which are often invoked as drivers of decayless waves, are not necessarily driving such oscillations in our observations. Similarly, our findings also cast doubt on other possible drivers of these waves, such as a transient driver or mode conversion of longitudinal waves near the loop footpoints. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that none of the commonly suspected sources proposed to drive decayless oscillations in active-region loops seem to be operating in this event, and therefore the search for that elusive wave driver needs to continue.
Review on plasma sprayed oxidation resistant coatings for C/C composites
Authors: LI Xiaoxuan , FU Qiangang , HU Dou
Published: September 2022

Oxidation sensitivity is a critical obstacle to the rapid development of carbon/carbon(C/C) composites as the thermal structural materials in aerospace applications. Currently, surface coating technology is the most effective method to achieve the long-term stable service of C/C composites in high temperature oxygen-containing environments. Among them, plasma spraying technology, which has been widely used in the preparation of thermal barrier coatings for aero-engines, has attracted much attention. In this paper, starting from the plasma sprayed high-temperature oxidation resistant coatings for C/C composites, domestic and international research progress of boride, silicide and oxide based oxidation resistant coatings have been reviewed, the protective properties based on different spraying technologies, composition/structure designs and service conditions have been compared and summarized, and the prospect future for subsequent research in this field has been proposed.
Research on deployment process of gravitational airdrop UAV
Authors: CHENG Yuxuan , ZHOU Zhou , WANG Zhengping
Published: September 2022

Due to the space limitation of the launching platform, the wings of the space-based gravity delivery UAV need to be folded before launching. In the process of wing folding and launching, the dynamics model of UAV will show the characteristics of multiple rigid bodies and multiple degrees of freedom, and the aerodynamic characteristics of UAV are also quite different from that of cruise stage, so the traditional aircraft dynamics modeling method is no longer applicable. In this paper, the multibody dynamics model of gravitational airdrop UAV is first built based on the Lagrange equation, and then according to the aerodynamic change on unmanned aerial vehicle in deploying process, the angle between the wing and the fuselage is introduced as a new variable, the UAV launch phase nonlinear aerodynamic model is established, and through comparison with software calculation results the reliability of the aerodynamic model is verified. Based on the aerodynamic model and dynamics model, the dynamic response of UAV deployment process is simulated, and the influence of UAV deployment process on UAV subsequent pulling stage under the same control instructions is compared, and the dynamics and kinematics characteristics of gravity launch are studied and explored. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the experimental data, indicating that the multi-body dynamic model established in this paper can accurately describe the dynamic response of UAV in the launching stage and the subsequent modification stage, which can provide reference for the technical personnel engaged in the design, test and use of related models.
Prediction of fretting damage and wear fatigue of floating involute spline couplings
Authors: XIAO Li , XU Yingqiang , CHEN Zhiyong , SUN Xiewen , XU Hao
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a finite element model of the floating spline pair is first established, and the distribution of the contact pressure on the tooth surface of the spline with the axis and angular misalignment is analyzed. Then, the effects of axial misalignment and angular eccentricity on tooth fretting damage were evaluated, based on Ruiz fretting damage parameters. Finally, a floating spline wear fatigue damage model considering the wear effect is established based on the energy dissipation and critical plane SWT model, and the fretting fatigue cumulative damage distribution and life of the tooth surface under axial and angular misalignment are analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the misalignment of the axis makes the contact pressure distribution of each tooth uneven, and the RFFDP value of the most dangerous tooth is parabolic along the x direction, that is, serious fretting damage may occur at both ends of the tooth surface, and the crack initiation position on the tooth occurs near x/L=0. The angular misalignment makes the tooth contact only at one end edge, and the RFFDP value of the most dangerous tooth increases along the x direction, showing an exponential growth trend, reaching the maximum at x/L=1, and the crack initiation position occurs at near x/L=1. With the increase of axis or angular misalignment, the damage phenomenon of the floating spline tooth surface becomes more obvious, and the wear-fatigue life decreases sharply.
Scattering characteristics analysis of conformal array based on sound field prediction method
Authors: DAI Yan , SUN Chao
Published: September 2022

In order to study the problem that the array manifold of conformal arrays deviates from the ideal value due to the sound scattering caused by the rigid baffles of arrays, in this paper, the influence of the scattering phenomenon caused by the rigid baffle on the receiving response of array is analyzed by using sound field prediction method based on a conformal array-semi-cylindrical volume array. The sound field distribution of conformal array at different angles is calculated by using the sound field modeling and simulation. Based on the above distribution, an actual array manifold is constructed under consideration of rigid barrier, and its variation under the influence of scattered sound is analyzed. The variation is described by two physical quantities defined in this paper: the first-order response composed of amplitude and phase and the second-order response composed of cross-correlation. Simulation shows that compared with the ideal model, the scattered signals generated by rigid baffles on conformal array varies with the azimuth and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), which further leads to the deviation of each hydrophone of conformal array. The experimental data verifies that the simulation results are basically consistent with the actual situation. The effect of the scattering on the conformal array should be considered when designing and performing in practice.
Review on energy-saving key technologies of underwater bionic robot swarm
Authors: ZHAO Qiaoqiao , ZHANG Lichuan , LIU Lu , PAN Guang
Published: September 2022

Underwater Bionic Robot swarm has the advantages of high redundancy, flexible mobility and wide range of task execution, which can be applied to underwater environment monitoring, underwater target monitoring, resource exploration and other fields. For a long time, the problem of energy consumption is the focus on the application of Underwater Bionic Robot swarm engineering. This article draws on the sports advantages of biological clusters, from the perspective of hydrodynamic analysis, summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of key energy-saving technologies of underwater bionic robot clusters. The main content includes a summary on the development status of the three key technologies of biological cluster movement energy saving mechanism, underwater bionic robot vortex field information perception and cluster cooperative control, and analysis and summary of the development trend of key energy-saving technologies of underwater bionic robot cluster.
Numerical analysis of cavitation and impact load characteristics of supercavitating vehicle entering water at high speed
Authors: YU Yilan , SHI Yao , PAN Guang , CHE Peiqi
Published: September 2022

In order to obtain the influence of water entry angle and speed on the cavitation and impact load characteristics of supercavitating vehicle, a high-speed water entry numerical model of supercavitating vehicle based on VOF model is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by relative experiments. Through simulation, the cavitation evolution process, cavitation size, impact load change and surface pressure distribution of supercavitating vehicle entering water at different angles and velocities are obtained and compared. The results show that with the increase of water entry velocity, the depth of cavitation closing position increases, the cavitation size increases, the peak value of axial load increases and the surface pressure of vehicle increases; With the increase of water entry angle, the bubble closing time remains unchanged, the bubble size decreases, the axial load peak increases, and the asymmetry of pressure distribution decreases. The pressure on the upstream surface of the cavitator increases along the radius to the center of the circle, but the asymmetry decreases when it enters the water obliquely.
Numerical simulation of DDT process of aviation kerosene one-component alternative fuel
Authors: HUANG Xiqiao , WANG Dingding , XIAO Zhiyi , YU Zheyi
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the difficulty of numerical simulation of the DDT process during the detonation combustion of aviation kerosene, this paper has presented a single-component simplified mechanism of aviation kerosene to carry out the numerical simulation of the DDT detonation process. By simplifying the detailed mechanism of n-decane, the simplified mechanism of RP-3 aviation kerosene single-component alternative fuel was obtained, and the DDT process of aviation kerosene was numerically simulated, and the influence law of the obstacle blocking ratio and arrangement mode on the DDT process was analyzed. The results show that the simplified mechanism model for the single-component alternative fuel can better fit the combustion characteristics of aviation kerosene under high temperature and pressure. The numerical simulation results of the DDT process are analyzed, and it is found that the DDT time will increase with the increasing of blocking ratio. The DDT time at the same blocking ratio is shorter when the obstacles are symmetrically distributed.
Study on fatigue life prediction method of composite laminates
Authors: TUO Hongliang , WU Tao , LU Zhixian , MA Xiaoping
Published: September 2022

Advanced composites have been widely used in aerospace field and transportation field in ground due to their excellent mechanical properties. Fatigue damage and life prediction of composites have always been the important and difficult issues in the field of composite mechanics. In this paper, the maximum stress criterion and Puck criterion were extended to fatigue failure criterion, and the fatigue damage analysis model of composite laminates was established by combining the gradual degradation model of material properties, the regularized fatigue life analysis method and the fatigue damage accumulation theory. Then, the model was used to predict the damage evolution and failure mechanism of composite laminates, and the fatigue tests with three stress levels (55%, 60% and 65%) were conducted. The fatigue life and failure mode of the numerical results matches well with the test results. Under fatigue loadings, the fatigue damage initiated from free edges on both sides of the plate to the inside of the laminates. The matrix damage first appeared in the 90° plies on two free sides, then the matrix damage and fiber damage of 45° plies were induced. The fiber damage of 0° ply finally appears and rapidly spreads to the center of laminates until the damage covers the entire cross section.
The traversal method for user address space in Windows 10 system based on VAD tree
Authors: ZHAI Jiqiang , SUN Hongtai , ZHAO Luoping , YANG Hailu
Published: September 2022

The existing traversal method for user address space in the memory forensic research is only applicable to Windows XP and Windows 7 32-bit system. Windows 10 64-bit system is currently used by most users, which is the main target of network attackers. A method to traverse Windows 10 user address space based on VAD(virtual address descriptor) tree is proposed. The memory kernel and user address space metadata of Windows 10 64-bit system was located. The related metadata such as mapping files, shared memory, heap, stack and reserved system structures were parsed and matched with the information in VAD tree nodes. The starting address, ending address, used size, allocating protection, memory type and details of each memory area were output. The results show that the method is compatible with all versions of Windows 10 64-bit system and can effectively traverse common structures when dealing with processes with different complexity.
Lösungsorientierung ist gefragt – Gesunde Fehlerkultur
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: September 2022

„Getretener Quark wird breit, nicht stark“, sagte schon Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Kaum ein Zitat beschreibt ungesunde Fehlerkultur und den ungesunden Umgang mit Problemen so passend wie dieses. Dabei trägt Orientierung auf das Problem zu seiner Verschlimmerung bei, obwohl es doch eigentlich aus der Welt geräumt werden sollte. In diesem Artikel erfahren Sie, wie Sie Probleme ab sofort effektiv lösen und zu einer gesunden Fehlerkultur beitragen.
Physiologie des Gehens und der Haltungskontrolle
Authors: Jahn Klaus
Published: September 2022

Aufrechtes Stehen und Gehen sind bei Gesundheit so selbstverständliche Fähigkeiten, dass sie nebenbei gelingen. Im Fall von Erkrankungen verdeutlicht sich die Komplexität der Haltungskontrolle. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Aspekte für Gleichgewicht und Gang wichtig sind. Das Verständnis dafür, was im Einzelfall gestört ist, bildet die Voraussetzung für eine gezielte und erfolgreiche Therapie.
Qualität kritisch hinterfragen – Digitale Angebote in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Thies Philip
Published: September 2022

Auf dem Markt tummeln sich immer mehr digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen, appbasierte Programme und vieles mehr. Oft ist es dabei nicht leicht, die Qualität einzelner Angebote richtig einzuschätzen. Doch es gibt Anhaltspunkte, die eine Beurteilung erleichtern.
Das „Wie“ ist entscheidend – Die Renaissance der Bewegungsqualität
Authors: Huber Martin
Published: September 2022

Nach einem Glas greifen, Zähne putzen und Haare kämmen – alltägliche Ausführungen, die Menschen nach einem Schlaganfall häufig mithilfe von Kompensationsbewegungen bewältigen. Was kurzfristig zwar der Zielerreichung dient, ist langfristig womöglich gar nicht so vorteilhaft. Das Anliegen dieses Artikel ist es aufzuzeigen, warum die Frage nach Qualität von Bewegung durchaus berechtigt ist.
The 50 Most Cited Publications on Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate with Application in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Oeding Jacob F. , Hernandez Hunter C. , Bi Andrew S. , Kennedy John G. , Jazrawi Laith M. , Strauss Eric J. , Campbell Kirk A.
Published: September 2022

Concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) has garnered widespread and increasing attention in recent years. We aimed to characterize the most influential articles in cBMA research while clarifying controversies surrounding its use and clinical efficacy and identifying important areas on which to focus future research efforts. The Science Citation Index Expanded subsection of the Web of Science Core Collection was systematically searched to identify the top 50 most cited publications on orthopaedic cBMA research. Publication and study characteristics were extracted, and Spearman's correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between citation data and level of evidence. The top 50 articles were published between the years 1996 and 2018, with 58% published in the year 2010 or later. Of the 29 studies for which level of evidence was assessed, the majority were Level IV (24, 83%). Twenty-one articles (42%) were classified as basic science or translational (9 cell culture, 8 animal study, and 4 using human blood samples). Application to treat cartilage defects was the most common focus of studies (17 studies, 34%), followed by analysis of cBMA composition (14 studies, 28%). No correlation was found between rank, citation rate, or year of publication and level of evidence. The most influential articles on cBMA are recent and consist of a majority low level of evidence studies. Cohort studies were the most common study type among the top 50 most cited articles, while basic science articles were relatively less common. These results suggest a rapidly evolving field with the potential to better explain inconsistent clinical results with improved understanding and documentation of basic science concepts in addition to large-scale, prospective clinical trials. Orthobiologics especially cBMA holds great promise for the future, and higher level clinical trials will help better define the best clinical uses for this treatment.
Leveraging and Improving Refill Protocols at Your Health System
Authors: Tokazewski Jeffrey T. , Peifer Maryanne , Howell John T.
Published: September 2022

Objectives Medication refill processing is a repetitive and predictable time-intensive task for ambulatory primary and specialty care. Refill protocols are a clinical decision support (CDS) tool that allows clinicians to quickly and safely determine appropriateness of a refill request. Our health system opted to improve the quality and breadth of electronic health record vendor-supplied protocols to consistently leverage best practices and emerging evidence and to create novel protocols that further support clinicians.

Methods We established a refill protocol governance group to guide new protocol build and to review existing protocols regularly to keep current with emerging guidelines. Data-driven prioritization was used to create new protocols for the most frequently refilled medications, as well as for less-prescribed but higher risk medications. Ad-hoc specialist inclusion as subject-matter experts provided greater detail, accuracy, and broader consensus in protocol criteria.

Results Approximately 11 million refills are processed each year by our health system's providers. The proportion of refill requests supported by a protocol increased over a 2-year period from 49 to 82%, representing a net increase of 3.63 million refills in the second measurement year as compared to the start of the first measurement year. All published refill protocols were reviewed by the governance group over the measurement years for compliance with clinical guidelines. In addition to the structure of the refill protocols' CDS, the process was supported by filters that enable practices to quickly approve refills that pass protocol, providing more time for clinicians to review refills that fail a protocol or for which no protocol exists.

Conclusion A refill protocol is a valuable CDS tool that can improve efficiency, effectiveness, and user satisfaction when processing refill requests. A refill protocol governance structure is an effective way to review, edit, and build refill protocols within a health system.
Physician Perspectives on Implementation of Real-Time Benefit Tools: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Everson Jordan , Whitmore Christine C. , Mattingly T. Joseph , Sinaiko Anna D. , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: September 2022

Objectives Congress and Medicare have required real-time benefit tools (RTBT) to provide patient-specific medication price information during prescribing to decrease the cost of medications. We sought physicians' perspectives on how these tools might most effectively improve their selection of low-cost medication.

Methods We conducted 15 semi-structured interviews of physicians (6 oncologists, 1 endocrinologist, 4 rheumatologists, and 4 from internal medicine) and identified key themes across interviews during coding and analysis.

Results Although physicians saw value in real-time medication price information, they were wary of the complexity of obtaining specific information and the potential for inaccuracies. Physicians described how medication price information would be used in various prescribing scenarios including from simple substitutions (different drug formulations) to more complex decisions (different drug classes). In more complex situations, physicians were concerned that price information might only be available after discussing options with the patient, which would be too late to inform decisions. Concern about adding more information to the electronic health record was common.

Conclusion While most physicians saw value in implementation of RTBTs, they also expressed concerns related to the accuracy of information, the availability of information at the right time in the clinical workflow, and the most effective format for information. Many concerns raised paralleled the “Five Rights of Clinical Decision Support” framework and indicate the need for additional design work to achieve benefit from RTBTs. Beyond the public policy that has supported the availability of RTBTs, substantial development will be required to ensure that information is used to improve prescribing decisions.
Trigger Wrist with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Accompanied with Trifid Median Nerve: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Oh Sangho
Published: September 2022

Trigger wrist, characterized by a clicking or snapping sensation around the wrist joint during finger or wrist motion, and bifid or trifid median nerve, which occurs in carpal tunnel syndrome along with anatomical variation of median nerve, are rare conditions. We report the case of a patient with a thickened tendon caused by severe tenosynovitis and flexor tendon subluxation to the hamate hook due to bowing of the flexor retinaculum, thereby resulting in trigger wrist as well as an anatomical median nerve variation (bifid median nerve in the right wrist and trifid median nerve in the left wrist). A 59-year-old housewife visited our hospital with bilateral fingertip numbness, tingling sensation, and aggravated severe night cramping that began 2 months ago. She also complained about trigger wrist during small finger flexion. Based on magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and nerve conduction study, trifid median nerve and bilateral severe median nerve neuropathy of the wrist were diagnosed; therefore, transverse carpal tunnel release and exploration under wide-awake anesthesia were planned. Intraoperative findings showed trifid and bifid median nerves in left and right wrists, respectively. Additionally, bowing of flexor retinaculum and severe flexor tendon tenosynovitis were observed. Tenosynovitis with thickened flexor sheath resulted in subluxation of the small finger flexor tendon above the hamate hook. After transverse carpal ligament release with antebrachial fascia release and tenosynovectomy, subluxation of the flexor tendon was resolved. At 6 months postoperatively, the tingling and dullness in fingertips also resolved, and no trigger wrist or any other complications were noted.
Association of Immune-Related Adverse Effects and Survival in Solid Tumor Patients Treated with PD1 Inhibitors
Authors: Kapoor Akhil , Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay M. , Joshi Amit , Menon Nandini , Kumar Amit , Mahajan Abhishek , Janu Amit , Kumar Rajiv , Prabhash Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background The development of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) can corroborate with the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death 1 (PD1) inhibitors. However, there is extremely limited data on the association of irAEs with survival in patients who have shown a response to ICIs.

Patients and Methods This study is a retrospective audit of the prospectively collected database of patients who received PD1 inhibitors for advanced solid tumors. Responders were defined as patients who attained the best response of either complete response or partial response. Time-to-event analysis was done using the Kaplan–Meier estimator, and the hazard ratio (HR) was calculated by using Cox proportional model. A point-biserial correlation was used to find out the potential influence of irAEs on overall survival (OS).

Results A total of 155 patients (49% lung cancer, 31% head and neck cancer) who received ICI during the specified period were evaluated for this study. The overall response rate was 19.4% and disease control rate was 43.2%. The median (OS) for patients who developed irAE was 12.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9–15.6), while it was not reached for patients without irAE (HR: 10.5, 95% CI: 1.2–NR, p = 0.007). One-year OS for the corresponding group of patients was 53.6% (standard deviation [SD]: 15.6) versus 92.9% (SD: 6.9), respectively. Among responders, 12 (40%) developed at least grade 1 irAE, while among nonresponders, 38 (30.4%) developed irAE (p = 0.312).

Conclusions In our study, we found significant improvement in survival of solid tumor patients treated with ICIs who developed irAEs on treatment as compared with those who did not. On specifically analyzing patients who responded to ICIs, there was no difference in OS who developed irAEs versus those who did not. However, this needs to be studied in a larger sample to reach a definite conclusion.
Translation and Pilot Validation of the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 Module in Indian Languages (Hindi and Marathi) for Use in Indian Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Patil Roshankumar , Palwe Vijay , Pandit Prakash , Kate Shruti , Paleja Nishtha , Badarkhe Girish , Wasekar Nilesh , Bhamre Rasika , Yasam Ramesh Venkata , Nagarkar Raj
Published: September 2022

Background Cancer and its related treatments have a huge impact on a patient's quality of life (QOL). To measure such QOL in cancer patients, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) has introduced various scales/questionnaires for various cancers. In the present study, we aimed to translate and validate high-grade Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL-HG) English questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29) into Hindi and Marathi (two of the most popular Indian language) to make it available for patients and the scientific community.

Materials and methods The EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 was translated into Hindi and Marathi languages as per EORTC guidelines. The translated questionnaire was pilot-tested in a sample of 20 patients (10 for each translation) with NHL-HG.

Results After procuring required approvals from EORTC, the existing QLQ-NHL-HG29 English questionnaire was translated (forward and backward) into vernacular languages (Hindi and Marathi). Later, the translations were sent to EORTC for evaluation and all the queries raised by EORTC toward translations were discussed and included in the final questionnaires as per EORTC guidelines. On receiving approval from EORTC translation coordinator, pilot study was conducted in 20 patients. In the pilot study, 10 patients were given the Hindi questionnaire and other 10 patients were given the Marathi questionnaire. Based on the pilot testing interpretations or suggestions from the patients, all the necessary modifications were incorporated in the questionnaires and sent to EORTC for validation and approval.

Conclusion Both the translations (Hindi and Marathi) submitted to the EORTC have now been approved (QLQ-NHL-HG29) by the EORTC-QOL unit and after procuring necessary permissions from the EORTC both of these translations can be used reliably in clinical practice and clinical trials to assess QOL in patients suffering from NHL-HG.
Role of Molecular Targeted Therapeutic Drugs in Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Development and Current Strategies—A Review Article
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Patel Vedant
Published: September 2022

Because of active advancement in the field of biomedicine, people have in-depth knowledge of biological nature of malignant tumors and are able to recognized the overexpression of different molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, cyclin-dependent kinase, and programmed cell death receptor. Presently, various targeted therapeutic drugs are used in different clinical trials in those patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this review, we converse about the various targeted therapeutic drugs and their advancement in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. This review scrutinizes the existing documentation in the literature related to the targeted therapies for oral squamous cell carcinoma. English language articles were searched in various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used for searching are “oral squamous cell carcinoma,” “targeted therapy,” and “therapeutic drugs.”
4.4.38.14 Propargylsilanes (Update 2022)
Authors: Jackowski O. , Perez-Luna A.
Published: September 2022

This review is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis coverage of the synthesis of propargylsilanes (Section 4.4.38). It covers the literature published between 2000 and 2021.

Propargylsilanes can be prepared by a rather large array of methods that rely either on reactions involving C–Si bond formation, or on the manipulation of organosilicon-containing precursors to install a C≡C triple bond. For the first strategy, electrophilic silylation of propargyl or allenyl metals by reaction with halosilanes is the most frequently encountered; however, approaches such as propargylic carbene insertions into hydrosilanes, nucleophilic substitution or addition reactions with silylboranes and other silylmetals, or the rearrangement of propargylic silyl ethers have been developed more recently to diversify the silicon source. For the second type of approach, in addition to established transformations such as alkynylation of silylmethyl halides, α-silyloxiranes, or acylsilanes, the allylic substitution of allylic phosphates or elimination reactions of heteroatom-substituted allylsilanes have also recently gained interest. Moreover, a large body of work has been devoted to accessing elaborated propargylsilanes from simple pre-existing propargylsilane units through functionalization at the acetylenic carbon. Given the relevance of propargylsilanes in the context of stereoselective synthesis, there is persistent interest in the preparation of chiral, nonracemic propargysilanes, and significant progress in this area has been achieved over the last two decades, notably through the implementation of asymmetric catalysis.
15.4.5 Quinolinones and Related Systems (Update 2022)
Authors: Silva V. L. M. , Pinto D. C. G. A. , Santos C. M. M. , Rocha D. H. A.
Published: September 2022

Quinolinones, of which the quinolin-4(1H)-one ring system can be highlighted, represent an exciting class of nitrogen heterocycles. The quinolinone motif can be found in many natural compounds and approved drugs for several diseases. This chapter is a comprehensive survey of the methods for the synthesis of quinolin-2(1H)-ones, quinolin-4(1H)-ones, and their thio- and amino derivatives, and is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis chapter (Section 15.4), covering the period between 2003 and 2020.
48.2.3 Cyclopropanes (Update 2022)
Authors: Tang X.
Published: September 2022

Cyclopropanes represent an interesting class of strained rings and serve as versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. Furthermore, cyclopropane moieties are also found in many bioactive compounds and natural products. Reviewed herein are synthetic strategies to access mono- and polysubstituted cyclopropyl cores. In particular, the application of visible-light photoredox catalysis in the synthesis of cyclopropanes is introduced.
Dynamic scaling and stochastic fractal in nucleation and growth processes
Authors: Lahiri Amit , Kamrul Hassan Md. , Blasius Bernd , Kurths Jürgen
Published: September 2022

A class of nucleation and growth models of a stable phase is investigated for various different growth velocities. It is shown that for growth velocities v≈s(t)/t and v≈x/τ(x), where s(t) and τ are the mean domain size of the metastable phase (M-phase) and the mean nucleation time, respectively, the M-phase decays following a power law. Furthermore, snapshots at different time t that are taken to collect data for the distribution function c(x,t) of the domain size x of the M-phase are found to obey dynamic scaling. Using the idea of data-collapse, we show that each snapshot is a self-similar fractal. However, for v=const., such as in the classical Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami model, and for v≈1/t, the decays of the M-phase are exponential and they are not accompanied by dynamic scaling. We find a perfect agreement between numerical simulation and analytical results.
Expanding the quantum photonic toolbox in AlGaAsOI
Authors: Castro J. E. , Steiner T. J. , Thiel L. , Dinkelacker A. , McDonald C. , Pintus P. , Chang L. , Bowers J. E. , Moody G.
Published: September 2022

Aluminum gallium arsenide-on-insulator (AlGaAsOI) exhibits large χ2 and χ3 optical nonlinearities, a wide tunable bandgap, low waveguide propagation loss, and a large thermo-optic coefficient, making it an exciting platform for integrated quantum photonics. With ultrabright sources of quantum light established in AlGaAsOI, the next step is to develop the critical building blocks for chip-scale quantum photonic circuits. Here we expand the quantum photonic toolbox for AlGaAsOI by demonstrating edge couplers, 3 dB splitters, tunable interferometers, and waveguide crossings with performance comparable to or exceeding silicon and silicon-nitride quantum photonic platforms. As a demonstration, we de-multiplex photonic qubits through an unbalanced interferometer, paving the route toward ultra-efficient and high-rate chip-scale demonstrations of photonic quantum computation and information applications.
Prospect of texture engineered ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Shujun , Li Fei
Published: September 2022

Texture engineering offers an approach for achieving enhanced properties in bulk ceramics by introducing crystallographic anisotropy. Recent developments on texture engineering have enabled the fabrication of highly aligned ferroelectric ceramics with single-crystal-like electromechanical properties. In this paper, we review the history and recent progress of texture-engineered ferroelectric ceramics. We expect that more explorations on template-related issues, including orientation mismatch, physical models of the textured grain growth, and micromorphology–property relationship, will advance the development of texture-engineered ferroelectric ceramics with further improved properties.
Laser-induced galfenol embedded multi-layer graphene-oxide in solution
Authors: Duryea Devyn , Kandadai Nirmala
Published: September 2022

The proposed work demonstrates the direct synthesis of nanomaterial-embedded laser-induced few-layer graphene-oxide by directly ablating galfenol in a water-based solution for the first time. Laser-induced multilayer graphene-oxide (GO) embedded with galfenol (gallium–iron alloy) nanoparticles (NPs) is created through a method of direct laser inscription of bulk galfenol in deionized (DI) water with femtosecond laser ablation. The NP-embedded GO is achieved by irradiating a near-infrared (near-IR) femtosecond laser at 1040 nm on a bulk galfenol material submerged in a solution comprising DI water and a small concentration (5%/wt.) of polyvinylpyrrolidone followed by a second ablation in pure DI water. Results show nanoparticles with a mean diameter of ∼30 nm embedded in GO sheets with visible folds spaced at ∼0.63 nm. The composition of iron and gallium shifts by less than 2% during the laser ablation process, and the few-layer GO sheets exhibit similar Raman peaks to bulk graphite.
Analysis of recombination centers near an interface of a metal–SiO2–Si structure by double carrier pulse deep-level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Hara Tomohiko , Ohshita Yoshio
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a new double carrier pulse deep-level transient spectroscopy (DC-DLTS) method that is applicable for evaluating metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures and the recombination centers in carrier-selective contact solar cells. Specifically, this study evaluated recombination characteristics of defects induced in bulk Si near SiO2/Si interfaces by reactive plasma deposition (RPD). In this method, a pulse voltage was first applied to inject majority carriers. Subsequently, a second pulse voltage was applied, which allowed minority carriers to be injected into the MIS structure. With these two types of carrier injections, carriers were recombined in recombination-active defects, and the DC-DLTS spectrum changed. During the injection of minority carriers, some majority carriers were thermally emitted from the defects, resulting in a decrease in the signal intensity. The recombination activity was analyzed by considering the effect of thermal emission on the change in signal intensity. The number of induced defect types and defect properties were estimated using Bayesian optimization. According to the results, three types of electron traps were generated using the RPD process. Based on the DC-DLTS results, defects with energy level 0.57 eV below the conduction band and capture cross section of ∼10−15 cm2 act as recombination centers.
Ultimate transverse power of pulsed low-voltage gyrotron beam
Authors: Lu Dun , Fu Wenjie , Fedotov Alexey , Glyavin Mikhail , Proyavin Mikhail , Yan Yang
Published: September 2022

Low operating voltage is highly attractive for medium-power millimeter-wave gyrotrons since it can reduce their size and cost, increase their safety, and, thus, improve usability for applications. However, at low voltages, the voltage depression caused by DC space-charge fields significantly limits the electron current and transverse power in the beam. Moreover, this current limitation is more pronounced for a beam with a higher pitch factor. As a result, for a given anode voltage, there is a pitch factor at which the transverse beam power in the gyrotron cavity is the maximum. This ultimate transverse power is found analytically in the non-relativistic approximation. Such a power is reached when the pitch factor calculated without taking into account voltage depression is only 0.82; voltage depression decreases the axial electron velocities, thus, increasing the actual pitch factor value in the cavity up to 1.4. As a result of this effect, high power and high efficiency cannot be obtained simultaneously in a low-voltage gyrotron. Using particle-in-cell simulations, two variants of low-voltage (5 kV) gyrotrons have been designed, namely, a device with higher power and an optimal pitch factor of 0.82 in the cavity and a device with a high pitch factor and high efficiency, but lower power.
Well-tempered metadynamics applied to field-theoretic simulations of diblock copolymer melts
Authors: Beardsley Thomas M. , Matsen Mark W.
Published: September 2022

Well-tempered metadynamics (WTMD) is applied to field-theoretic simulations (FTS) to locate the order–disorder transition (ODT) in incompressible melts of diblock copolymer with an invariant polymerization index of N̄=104. The polymers are modeled as discrete Gaussian chains with N = 90 monomers, and the incompressibility is treated by a partial saddle-point approximation. Our implementation of WTMD proves effective at locating the ODT of the lamellar and cylindrical regions, but it has difficulty with that of the spherical and gyroid regions. In the latter two cases, our choice of order parameter cannot sufficiently distinguish the ordered and disordered states because of the similarity in microstructures. The gyroid phase has the added complication that it competes with a number of other morphologies, and thus, it might be beneficial to extend the WTMD to multiple order parameters. Nevertheless, when the method works, the ODT can be located with impressive accuracy (e.g., ΔχN ∼ 0.01).
CNT film supported MXene/Co3O4 composite interlayers for high performance Li–S batteries
Authors: Meng Fancheng , Liu Hu , Xu Bin , Li Shulin , Liu Jiehua , Liu Longbo , Gu Tao , Xiang Hongfa
Published: September 2022

Adding a functionalized interlayer is one of the effective means to solve the problem of capacity attenuation caused by the shuttle of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Moreover, the interlayer has the potential to take on more roles, such as having good mechanical flexibility to ensure high safety and flame-retardant property to improve the high temperature performance of the battery. Thus, in this work, an MXene/Co3O4–CNT film interlayer that is capable of dual chemisorption to polysulfides with good mechanical strength and flame retardancy has been investigated. The resultant Li–S battery assembled with this interlayer exhibits a high discharge capacity of 1569.5 mA h g−1, an excellent charge–discharge stability over 600 cycles, and a high temperature stability of the electrochemical performance.
Macromolecular microfluidic concentrators
Authors: Coombs S. J. , Tontiwattanakul K. , Giacomin A. J.
Published: September 2022

Microfluidic design, fabrication, and experiments have developed rapidly, leading to lab-on-chip separation or fractionation. In this work, we design a continuous concentrator for macromolecular solutions. Our design relies on the analytical solutions for orientational diffusion under laminar pressure-driven slot flow through a microchannel [W. Stasiak and C. Cohen, “Dilute solutions of macromolecules in a rectilinear Poiseuille flow,” J. Chem. Phys. 78, 553 (1983)]. Using rigid dumbbell theory, we provide analytical solutions for the design of our microfluidic macromolecular hydrodynamic chromatography. We arrive at our design through the use of well-known confinement-driven composition profiles. Using a pair of razor-sharp blades, our design separates the slot flow into a symmetric core inner slot (concentrated) between two outer slots (diluted). We discover a minimum dimensionless blade leading edge separation for complete fractionation, and that this decreases with confinement and also decreases with dimensionless shear rate.
Study of flow of Buongiorno nanofluid in a conical gap between a cone and a disk
Authors: Basavarajappa Mahanthesh , Bhatta Dambaru
Published: September 2022

The cone–disk apparatus consists of a cone that touches the disk at its apex and is used in medical evices, viscosimeters, conical diffusers, etc. Theoretically, a three-dimensional flow of a nanofluid in a conical gap of a cone–disk apparatus is studied for four different physical configurations. Buongiorno nanofluid model, consisting of thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion mechanisms, is used to describe the convective heat transport of the nanofluid. The continuity equation, the Navier–Stokes momentum equation, the heat equation, and the conservation of nanoparticle volume fraction equation constitute the governing system for the flow of nanofluids. The Lie group approach is used to obtain self-similar equations. Solutions are computed for an appropriate rotational Reynolds number and four different gap angles to examine flow, mass, and heat transport features. The skin friction coefficients and torque are computed and analyzed. Multivariate nonlinear regression analysis is also performed. A co-rotating disk and cone configuration has been shown to produce less torque due to the increased centrifugal force. Of the four cone–disk apparatus configurations, the maximum heat/mass transport occurs for a rotating disk with a static cone for all selected gap angles, and the least drag in the radial direction is attained for a rotating cone with a static disk. In addition, there is a minimal drag along the tangential direction for the counter-rotating disk and cone configuration. Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis of the nanoparticles lead to a higher fluid temperature and, thus, lower Nusselt numbers are obtained.