bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Abnormalities in Onshore and Offshore Vertical Wind Profiles
Authors: Møller Mathias , Domagalski Piotr , Sætran Lars Roar
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Understanding the vertical wind profile is paramount for design & operation of wind turbines. It is needed not only for extrapolation of the wind velocity to hub height but also for structural load calculations, to name the most obvious issues. As wind turbines grow in size and development transitions offshore, issues such as shallow surface layers, low-level jets and internal boundary layers are raising questions to the applicability of the commonly used Monin-Obukhov similarity theory to accurately describe the vertical wind development to modern wind turbine hub heights. In this study the 10-minute averaged vertical wind profile up to a minimum elevation of 100 m is analyzed through measurements collected from seven sites which represent a span of conditions. Three sites are located offshore in the North/Baltic Sea with varying fetch, two onshore by the Norwegian coast, one further onshore by the Danish coast, and one is an inland forested site in Sweden. Through analysis of data series ranging from 8 months to several years depending on the site, the wind profile has been quantitatively categorized according to the number of exhibited local maxima which are not possible within Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The results reveal that the occurrence of local maxima scales inversely to the roughness length, causing 65–75 % abnormal profiles offshore which decreases as the location transitions from offshore to coastal to further inland, and is lowest at the forested site. The results indicate that issues in predicting the vertical wind profile are most prevalent offshore, where very stable inflections cause severe deviations which may be related to an offshore internal boundary layer. These findings suggest that there is evident need of an improved vertical wind profile description in order to improve the accuracy of power predictions and load calculations, especially at offshore and coastal sites.
Uno en tres: el glifo-emblema de Río Bec
Authors: Lacadena García-Gallo Alfonso , Michelet Dominique , Arnauld Marie-Charlotte
Published: July 2019

Las 18 estelas que se registraron en tres de los grupos monumentales del sector de Río Bec –con al menos 11 que presentaban iconografía e inscripciones, 6 con fechas legibles y 3 con un mismo glifo-emblema, una en cada grupo–, constituyen una fuente importante para conocer la organización política de la zona en la que se localizaban. Los 19 sondeos estratigráficos que se excavaron en estos mismos grupos, junto con sus planos, aportan igualmente informaciones arqueológicas que se pueden combinar con los datos proporcionados por la epigrafía y la iconografía. Parece que en el sector de Río Bec hubo, en diferentes épocas, episodios de instauración de un sistema de gobierno al estilo de la realeza sagrada, tan generalizada en las ciudades-estados de las Tierras Bajas Mayas Centrales pero con constantes y variaciones. Los episodios que se dieron en Río Bec, por su parte, presentan características todavía difíciles de definir.
Harmony Rules and the Suffix Domain: A Study of Maya Scribal Conventions
Authors: Lacadena García-Gallo Alfonso , Wichmann Søren
Published: July 2019

In 2004, Lacadena and Wichmann proposed a set of orthographic rules for the Maya script. The choice of using one of three different patterns of syn- or disharmonic spellings allowed Maya scribes to signal whether word-final syllables contained a short vowel, a long vowel or a glottal stop. In our earlier paper we focused on the lexical evidence for these orthographic «harmony rules». Although it was stated that the rules apply equally well when a suffix is involved and when no suffix is involved, the data relating to the former situation were not discussed in detail. This is the aim of the present paper.
A Computational Approach to Scribal Practice
Authors: Cases Martín Ignacio , Lacadena García-Gallo Alfonso
Published: July 2019

The study of the construction of social meaning in ancient Maya communities of Mesoamerica poses a variety of methodological problems in historical sociolinguistics due to the reliance on written records by means of a writing system that exhibits variation itself. While variation in writing systems has been previously studied in terms of diachronic shifts and dialectal variation, systematic approaches still remain elusive. This paper explores new avenues for the computational extraction of sociolinguistic features, resulting in the automatic extraction of useful sociolinguistic information from written corpora using Machine Learning algorithms. We show that these features can help illuminating the contribution of pragmatic choices in the selection of graphemes to stylistic practices that are key in the construction of Mayan scribal communities of practice.
El cubrecáliz de plumas del siglo XVI del Museo Nacional de Antropología de México. ¿Texto o imagen?
Authors: García Barrios Ana
Published: July 2019

El arte plumario fue una de las tradiciones artísticas que más sorprendieron a los españoles a su llegada a Nueva España (México). Con ese material mandaron elaborar una gran variedad de piezas religiosas, entre ellas mitras, ínfulas, cuadros religiosos, así como el cubrecáliz que hoy resguarda el Museo Nacional de Antropología de Ciudad de México y que es el tema central de este estudio. Durante mucho tiempo se consideró que se trataba de un escudo ritual mexica (chimalli), posteriormente se le denominó tapa cáliz o cubrecáliz y diferentes estudiosos vieron en él las imágenes del agua, la tierra y el fuego. Alfonso Lacadena García-Gallo, en el marco de un Congreso llevado a cabo en el año 2006 en Ciudad de México, presentó una primera lectura de los signos, que en mi opinión define perfectamente la función del objeto. En este trabajo, además de hacer una revisión de los estudios previos, nos acercaremos al contexto de la pieza, su historia, sus posibles usos, y se ofrecerá la primera lectura del texto jeroglífico náhuatl propuesta por el profesor Alfonso Lacadena en 2006 y la que realizó en 2017, en la que de forma absolutamente azarosa intervine, motivo por el que me tomo la licencia de escribir sobre este «precioso» objeto. Todo el mérito es suyo.
A movement theory of adjunct control
Authors: Green Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2019

It has recently been argued (Landau 2017) that control in temporal and rationale adjuncts may be either syntactic ‘Obligatory Control’ (OC) or non-syntactic ‘Non-Obligatory Control’ (NOC), in contrast to previous assumptions that adjunct control is strictly OC. Here I demonstrate that this OC/NOC duality does not extend to all adjuncts. I outline claims that Landau would have to make in order to accommodate the wider distribution of OC and NOC in adjuncts, but argue that the account still struggles. I offer an alternative within the Movement Theory of Control.
Quantum Computing in the Biomedical Sciences; A Brief Introduction into Concepts and Applications
Authors: der Kerk Casper van , Csala Attila , H. Zwinderman Aeilko
Published: July 2019

Quantum computing is a field that aims to exploit the principles of superposition and entanglement to perform computations. By using quantum bits (qubits) a quantum computer is able to perform certain tasks more efficiently when compared to classical computers. While applied quantum computing is still in its early stages, quantum algorithms on simulated quantum computers have already been applied to certain problems in epidemics modeling and image processing. Furthermore, companies like Google and IBM continue to develop new quantum computers with an increasing number of qubits. While much progress has been made in the recent years, the so called ”quantum supremacy”has not yet been achieved, and quantum computing appears to be still unsuitable for most applications in biomedical sciences.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 12, No. 8
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: July 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 12, No. 8, 2019 issue
Potential and Real Operating Leverage
Authors: Paganini Marco A.
Published: July 2019

In this paper has been analysed the EBIT dynamic of a firm with high margins, strong revenues growth not paired by an adequate EBIT growth. The concept of the Degree of Operating Leverage developed by the economic literature was useful to highlight such a problem without explaining the root causes. Even standard income statement analyses cannot explain in depth such an unsatisfactory trend without turning to management accounting that was not available, like in many SMEs. The Author used some information coming from income statements, Revenues accounting and the discrimination between Variable and Fixed Costs to investigate the business case. He developed a method that throws light on EBIT dynamic between two financial periods in terms of quantity, mix, price and cost variations either managed or planned by the Top Management. The basic finding is that EBIT dynamic is explained by some parameters in period 1, the past period, and some variations in period 2, the current period. The link between such periods is the Degree of Operating Leverage, declined in an ex-ante measure, already given for the past period, and the variations of the current period that determines its ex-post measure. In this framework becomes immediately glaring how it is possible to find high margins coupled with inadequate EBIT growth and where the faults lie. In general, the method developed is very useful to understand the EBIT dynamic of any firm and to plan its future course more accurately.
Current Carbon Emission Reduction Trends for Sustainability - A Review
Authors: Kainuma Yasatuka , Tshivhase Tracey
Published: July 2019

Carbon emissions in the supply chain have been known to contribute significantly to environmental decay. These emissions are a result of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released during the burning of fossil fuels. The industry is a well-known emitter of these gases to the atmosphere. These gases end up trapping energy from the sun in the atmosphere. This has led to the governments of the world putting measures in place to minimize carbon emissions. In supply chain, during the manufacture, transportation and storage of a product a significant amount of these greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere. Research about supply chain with respect to carbon emissions has been going on for decades. This is the perfect time to review the literature of what has been studied up to so far and also identify the gaps in the literature. A systematic literature review approach is employed, initially. Content analysis was used to categorize existing literature on the various topics and methods over time in the area of carbon emissions in the supply chain. Triangulation research technique is also used to analyze the current literature on carbon emissions research study in the supply chain. Thereafter, a quantitative bibliometric analysis is conducted. Based on a rigorous screening process, 138 papers were selected for analysis. This review will lead to significant opportunities for future research in related areas.
Towards Stimulating Tools for Advancement of Environmental Conservation through Promoting of Psychological Instruments
Authors: Miah Md. Rahimullah , Mustaffa Mohamed Sharif , Jayos Samsiah , Ibrahim Nor Hasniah , Bujang Sopian , Saili Jamayah , Sayok Alexander K.
Published: July 2019

The explorative field observation on Environmental Conservation Psychology (ECP) is multi-diversified with collective and conjectural outlook. ECP provides a better understanding of the way in which conservation awareness, attitude, ethics, culture and well-being are affected by physical environments, social settings and built-in environment. The goal is to stimulate more attention be paid to ensure the effectiveness of environmental conservation and highlight psychological instruments required to develop new interdisciplinary approaches with innovative ways in prevailing challenges for the present and upcoming generations. Primary data were collected from a sample of respondents at the Lawachara National Park (LNP) in Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh and secondary data were obtained from diverse sources. The research denoted and investigated by various disciplines and fields including environmental behaviors studies, positive psychology, person-environment studies, human-nature science and ecological psychology. The study showed about 70% of indigenous respondents opined on positive attitudes for environmental conservation to compare with 55% in others. The study identified approximately 65% of respondents stated for development of environmental education among local communities for promoting positive psychology surrounding the national park. This study focuses the importance of understanding this multidimensional psychological research as it is to inform about the environmental conservation perspectives that have contributed to and shaped the learning with high internal conservation stability, dependability, uniformity, and attractiveness with social bonding at LNP. This study represents the environmental design, manage, protect and restore conserving of biodiversity towards national parks that influence human behavior, predict and the likely outcomes when these conditions are not met and diagnose problem situations. This study links at solving complex environmental conservation problems in the pursuit of individual well-being within a longer community through human-environment conservation interactions.
On the Improvement of Multiple Circles Detection from Images Using Hough Transform
Authors: Barbosa Wesley Oliveira , Vieira Antonio Wilson
Published: July 2019

The automatic detection of lines and curves from color images is a very important task in many applications, such as object recognition and scene reconstruction. Although there are closed formulation for curve fitting to a set of points, if the point set describes more than one instance of the object, as two circles for example, there is no closed formulation for obtaining the individual set of parameters without a priori information of which points belong to each object. However, it is usual the presence of multiple instances of objects such as lines and circles on an image. The well known Hough Transform is an efficient tool for recovering multiple objects from images using a voting process where the usual presence of false positives is an issue. In our work, we present an improvement on the voting process to detect multiple circles using Hough Transform in order to avoid false positives. Our experiments show that our voting process leads to a more robust detection, reducing the number of false positive and providing a more accurate detection even with large number of circles.
A Mathematical Model on the Immune System Role in Achieving Better Outcomes of Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Gil Wesley F. F. M. , Carvalho Tiago , Mancera Paulo F. A. , Rodrigues Diego Samuel
Published: July 2019

The incidence of neoplastic diseases shows that the search for more effective cancer treatments is still necessary. In addition to standard treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapy, new treatment modalities have been focused in recent advances in immunology. Since little has been discussed about the biological implications of chemotherapy with respect to its impact on the immune system and on the other normal, ``healthy'' cells, we devote the present mathematical modeling work to do so. First, we prove the invariance of the region where all state variables remain positive (i.e., the number of cancer cells, normal cells and immune cells, and the amount of chemotherapy); afterwards, we analyze the model in terms of the linear stability of the system, and we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the local stability of the {\it{cure}} equilibrium point. Moreover, we simulate some scenarios involving both the immune system and chemotherapy, showing that a reasonable treatment strategy occurs when these are combined suitably.
Could Market Making be Profitable in The European Carbon Market?
Authors: Galariotis Emilios , Kalaitzoglou Iordanis , Kosmidou Kyriaki , Papaefthimiou Spiros , Spyrou Spyros I.
Published: July 2019

We investigate when market making can be profitable in the European Carbon Futures market, by developing an order type selection rule, based solely on transaction level data. We employ a granular approach that uses an observable variable, i.e. trading intensity, to extract the liquidity and information price components and we investigate their impact on spreads, volatility and ultimately on the profitability of different order types. We find that market orders are always less profitable than limit orders. In addition, market makers are expected to derive most of their profits in a low trading intensity environment, mainly due to higher liquidity commissions and a lower probability of dealing with better informed agents. In contrast, an unconditional limit order submission strategy from an off-floor trader should not be preferred, apart from a medium trading intensity environment, where information and liquidity premia adequately compensate them for execution and information risk.
The Impact of Energy Market Uncertainty Shocks on Energy Transition in Europe
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , Roubaud David , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: July 2019

We study effects of energy market uncertainty shocks on energy transition on the 28 European Union countries from 1990 to 2015 using annual frequency data. We assess the effects of oil price as well as the energy market supply, demand, and residual price shocks using a time-varying parameter panel data stochastic volatility model. We show the importance of reducing energy market uncertainty for the success of a clean energy transition in Europe as uncertainties have strong time-varying effects on the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The oil price and residual energy price uncertainties are the key factors encouraging renewable energy transition that reduces the vulnerability of economies to energy shocks. Energy supply shocks affect the transition negatively while the demand shocks work similarly to residual energy prices shocks, requiring a robust energy base that is less volatile. The paper also discusses policy recommendations.
Living in an Era when Market Fundamentals Determine Crude Oil Price
Authors: Perifanis Theodosios , Dagoumas Athanasios
Published: July 2019

Crude oil price plays a crucial role in the trajectory of the economic activity. This paper aims at quantifying the impact of the fundamental drivers of crude oil price, over the period 2008-2017 using monthly data. This period, with sharp fluctuations of crude oil prices, has not been examined thoroughly in the literature. We apply regression analysis to examine the crude oil price drivers, concluding that crude oil price follows mostly market fundamentals, such as consumption, OPEC production, shale production and days ahead consumption for OECD stocks. Results unveil the importance of both factors of demand and supply to affect the price. We also find evidence on the considerable impact of S&P crude oil index, as a “paper oil” market indicator. We do not find evidence from indicators measuring political instability, such as the number of terrorists attacks in oil producing countries, but as well the VIX volatility index, which—besides a market instability index—could also be perceived as an index incorporating political instability. The impact of political factors is not evident in our analysis, possibly because we do not consider related dummy variables. Moreover, the paper applies bivariate VAR and GARCH analysis to examine crude oil price volatility, not finding strong volatility transmission with the examined market indices, namely the S&P crude oil and the VIX indices.
En toch is het prachtig werk: weerbaarheid bij forensisch sociale professionals
Authors: de Vogel Vivienne , Bosker Jacqueline
Published: July 2019

Enhancing resilience in forensic social professionals

Working in the forensic social field is interesting and fulfilling and many professionals deliberately choose to do this work. However, it can also be a very demanding job. Experiencing aggressive incidents by forensic clients, continuous tensions in contact with clients and the confrontation with narratives about shocking events are specific characteristics of working in the forensic field that appeal to the resilience of professionals. This article discusses which characteristics of organisations, teams and individual professionals impact on resilience and how it can be enhanced.
Educational suppport for university students with hearing impairments in public universities of the Silesian urban area (preliminary report: pilot study)
Authors: Zwierzchowska Anna , Szołtysek Jacek
Published: July 2019

Initiatives have been undertaken in Europe in order to increase the number of university students and graduates. Initiatives have been made undertaken in Europe in order to increase the number of university students and graduates from higher education institutions. Each country emphasizes different aspects of the problem. However, it is common to stress the need for the higher number of university students from “non-traditional” environments, and from the standpoint of both European and world universalism, the environment of the deaf should be considered as such. Study aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate adjustments made at universities to aid the educational process of people with hearing impairments in comparison to adjustments introduced for other forms of disability. The study was based on a diagnostic survey. The exclusion criterion concerned only the universities that did not agree to participate and/or had never educated students with disabilities.
The results of the study did not support the research thesis showing that the profile of a university is a significant factor of choice for people with hearing impairments. It was demonstrated that the number of deaf university students is decreasing with time despite statutory deregulation which involved a removal of certain legal barriers. The amendment to the Higher Education Act eliminated legal barriers, but the universities are challenged with the implementation of the regulations in the academic practice.
Adoptive parenthood in the context of child and parents disability
Authors: Czapliński Jarosław
Published: July 2019

The article presents selected issues regarding adoption and disability. The first part focuses on the theoretical definition of the concept of health and disability. Then, selected results of Polish and foreign research describing the stress and worries experienced by adoptive parents were analyzed, as well as satisfaction from the role of parent after adoption of a child with disability. The third part focuses on the formal and legal analysis of the possibilities of access to the adoption process by parents with disabilities.
Book Review Karpiak, Kevin G. and William Garriott, eds. 2018. The Anthropology of Police. London & New York: Routledge.
Authors: Diphoorn Tessa
Published: July 2019

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The Ethics of Cloning Horses in Polo
Authors: Lopez Frias Francisco Javier , Torres Cesar R. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2019

The ethics of using genetic engineering to enhance athletic performance has been a recurring topic in the sport philosophy and bioethics literature. In this article, we analyze the ethics of cloning horses for polo competition. In doing so, we critically examine the arguments most commonly advanced to justify this practice. In the process, we raise concerns about cloning horses for polo competition, centering on normative aspects pertaining to sport ethics usually neglected by defenders of cloning. In particular, we focus on (1) how this practice could have a detrimental impact on the central skills of polo, and (2) how it unjustly creates an uneven playing field. We suggest that the polo community would benefit from critically considering the ethical quandaries posed by the practice of cloning horses for polo competition.
Hører du overhovedet efter? En undersøgelse af talerens mimik i en situation med manglende respons
Authors: Junge Tanja Alexandra
Published: July 2019

Denne artikel stiller skarpt på taleres mimik i en situation hvor de udsættes for ikke aktiv lytning.  Fire deltagere fortæller en personlig historie til en modtager der ikke reagerer på det, der bliver sagt. Ved hjælp af konversationsanalytisk metode og forskning indenfor gestik,  vises det hvordan deltagerne, via mimiske ressourcer, forsøger at opnå forståelse eller reaktion hos en modtager der ikke responderer, og hvordan det påvirker fortællingen, når denne respons udebliver. Et centralt fund er, at ansigtet fungerer som en understregelse af stemmens, blikkets og gestikkens responssøgende funktion. Analysen viser også at deltagere aktivt opsøger øjenkontakt i vigtige passager, men at det gensidige blik alene, ikke opfattes som tilstrækkeligt bevis på, at deres ytring er blevet hørt eller forstået.
Un framework pour un diagnostic des pratiques RSE dans un secteur d’activité. Cas de 10 entreprises pharmaceutiques mondiales
Authors: Gimenes Nathalie , Payaud Marielle A.
Published: July 2019

Cet article propose un framework d’aide au diagnostic des pratiques RSE d’entreprises d’un même secteur d’activité. Le cadre théorique place la RSE comme un ordre négocié et la chaîne de valeur comme levier d’intégration volontaire d’actions RSE dans le coeur de métier des entreprises. Le framework, basé sur une extension de la taxonomie des stratégies RSE de Martinet et Payaud (2008), permet de repérer les logiques coopératives empruntées par des entreprises pour répondre à des enjeux de biens communs. Il informe des responsabilités que ces entreprises souhaitent particulièrement assumer envers la société et offre des enseignements sur leur profil responsable.
Exercer son rôle stratégique dans les organisations pluralistes : le cas des cadres intermédiaires du réseau de la santé1,2
Authors: Côté Nancy , Denis Jean-Louis
Published: July 2019

Cet article porte sur le rôle stratégique des cadres intermédiaires dans les organisations pluralistes du secteur de la santé. Il vise à rendre compte de la complexité de leur travail stratégique en période de changements. L’analyse a permis d’établir trois attributs dustrategizing3, c’est-à-dire des activités qui sont influencés par la nature imposée ou participative du changement : 1) la création d’un réseau d’alliances; 2) la négociation des valeurs; et 3) les micro pratiques quotidiennes.
Fan Resistance Towards a Change in Club Identity
Authors: Pauwels Delassus Véronique , Mogos Descotes Raluca
Published: July 2019

The objective of the research is to identify key factors that can reduce resistance towards a change in club identity. The results of our quantitative approach conducted with 229 fans of football clubs show that it is extremely important to inform supporters about the reasons and the benefits of the brand identity change, for the club and for themselves. Furthermore, the fans’ tradition consciousness amplifies their resistance to brand identity change. Our results also indicate that after the brand identity change, fans limit the positive word of mouth towards the club (a form of passive resistance) and then exit (a form of active resistance).
Aider les décideurs à franchir le cap de l’international : apport de la théorie de l’effectuation sur le lien barrières, opportunités et décision d’internationalisation
Authors: Ricard Antonin , Aldebert Bénédicte
Published: July 2019

Cet article cherche à évaluer l’impact du mode de raisonnement des décideurs (causal ou effectual) sur leur comportement en contexte d’internationalisation. Nos résultats, basés sur un échantillon de 148 décideurs de PME françaises, révèlent que les décideurs effectuaux ont tendance à saisir les opportunités d’internationalisation plus vite que les causaux (1); que les décideurs causaux sont plus enclins à internationaliser leur firme suivant un processus séquentiel et progressif (2); qu’en situation d’internationalisation de leur firme, les décideurs causaux sont davantage freinés par des barrières internes que les décideurs effectuaux (3) et que le mode de raisonnement (effectual ou causal) n’a pas d’incidence sur les comportements en présence de barrières externes (4).
Préparer les citoyens d’aujourd’hui à la société de l’information de demain : quels rôles pour les bibliothécaires et documentalistes ?
Authors: Karsenti Thierry
Published: July 2019

Dans un monde où la place du numérique s’affirme chaque jour davantage, et où les jeunes sont captivés par les technologies, les bibliothécaires et documentalistes ne semblent avoir d’autre option que de donner une place de choix au numérique dans le cadre de leur mission de formation. Il est dorénavant impossible pour eux de rester sourds aux transformations sociétales et aux nouvelles avenues que le numérique offre pour la recherche d’information, tout comme il est impossible de rester indifférent à la place grandissante que l’intelligence artificielle gagne dans tous les secteurs de notre société, y compris celui de l’accès à l’information. Ce texte a également pour but de montrer le rôle primordial que sont appelés à jouer bibliothécaires et documentalistes pour préparer les citoyens d’aujourd’hui à la société de l’information de demain. Il y est notamment question de leur rôle-clé pour amener tout apprenant à développer des compétences informationnelles actuelles, à agir en citoyen numérique éclairé et responsable, et à contribuer au développement de l’intelligence collective planétaire, et ce, afin de participer à sa façon à l’édification de la société de demain.
Wikipédia comme outil de valorisation et de médiation en milieu archivistique ? Retour d’expérience aux Archives de l’État de Neuchâtel
Authors: Galfetti Géraldine , Rodeschini Christine
Published: July 2019

En plus d’utiliser des moyens traditionnels de diffusion et de mise en valeur, les Archives de l’État de Neuchâtel (Suisse) contribuent depuis 2015 à Wikipédia pour faire connaître leurs fonds d’archives. Cet article présente l’expérience de la Wikipédienne en résidence avec des exemples concrets qui illustrent l’intérêt de cette démarche pour les AEN et ouvrent sur les perspectives d’évolution de cette participation.
Les bibliothèques au coeur de la transformation sociale
Authors: Lachal Jérémy
Published: July 2019

Dans le contexte d’un monde globalisé et toujours plus connecté, les inégalités se creusent : les plus vulnérables sont enfermés dans un cercle vicieux au sein duquel le déficit d’accès et de maîtrise des usages de l’information les empêche de développer les compétences et de saisir les opportunités qui pourraient leur permettre de sortir de la pauvreté.

À cet égard, l’information, l’éducation et la culture doivent aujourd’hui être communément acceptées comme les leviers de prévention des vulnérabilités et d’émancipation, et les bibliothèques entendues à la fois comme des lieux de développement pour les individus et des espaces citoyens de création du lien social.

Les bibliothèques, qui offrent un accès gratuit aux contenus, à la connectivité et à l’interaction sociale, et les bibliothécaires, avec leur expertise méthodologique, l’orientation thématique qu’ils peuvent fournir et leur connaissance de l’écosystème local, apparaissent comme des ressources merveilleuses pour promouvoir l’innovation et se muer en incubateur de projets à impact social. Cela doit passer aussi bien par la proposition de contenus de qualité, contextualisés et en libre accès que par le développement des compétences numériques des citoyens ; à défaut, nous irons irrévocablement vers une augmentation des inégalités et une marginalisation accrue des populations les plus vulnérables.
L’histoire du théâtre à Montréal racontée sur le web par BAnQ et trois universités québécoises
Authors: Léger Danielle
Published: July 2019

Depuis 2015, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ) a réalisé des récits visuels sur l’histoire de 40 lieux de théâtre montréalais inaugurés entre 1825 et 1930. Produit en collaboration étroite avec quatre partenaires issus de trois universités québécoises, ce projet de recherche-diffusion sur l’histoire culturelle, sociale et commerciale de ces lieux culturels s’appuie sur les collections et fonds d’archives de l’institution. L’auteure documente les paramètres de départ du projet, puis contextualise le recours aux imprimés éphémères et aux images au regard de l’évolution des pratiques en histoire et en documentation. La nature des collaborations avec les milieux universitaires, notamment le Laboratoire d’histoire et de patrimoine de Montréal de l’UQAM, est commentée. Le recours aux plateformes web gratuites Historypin et Story Maps, ainsi que les retombées documentaires et scientifiques du projet sont également abordés.
Le nouvel environnementalisme du quotidien : durabilité, flux matériels et mouvements sociaux*
Authors: Schlosberg David , Coles Romand
Published: July 2019

Cet article analyse les évolutions récentes en ce qui a trait à l’activisme environnemental, et plus particulièrement les mouvements axés sur la reconfiguration des flux matériels (material flows).Le souhait de durabilité a engendré un intérêt à changer la relation matérielle entre les humains, les autres êtres vivants et le monde physique. De plus en plus de groupes écologiques refusent maintenant de prendre part à des pratiques et à des institutions non durables; insatisfaits des solutions purement individualistes et consuméristes, ils accordent une importance croissante à la restructuration des pratiques quotidiennes de distribution, comme l’alimentation durable, l’énergie renouvelable et la fabrication. Cette transition vers un matérialisme plus durable est étudiée à l’aide de trois cadres : un dépassement d’une conception individualiste et centrée sur les valeurs du post-matérialisme pour privilégier les pratiques et les institutions collectives centrées sur la satisfaction des besoins de base; les concepts de gouvernementalité et de biopolitique de Foucault, qui articulent les modes de pouvoir autour de la circulation des choses, de l’information et des individus; et d’un nouvel éthos entourant un matérialisme à la fois vibrant et durable reconnaissant expressément l’immersion humaine dans les systèmes naturels non humains. Ces cadres nous permettent d’observer et d’interpréter des thèmes communs aux nombreuses initiatives, en apparence disparates, visant à remplacer les pratiques non durables et à forger des flux alternatifs.
Ecosystem Architecture Management in the Public Sector – From Problems to Solutions
Authors: Nurmi Jarkko , Seppänen Ville , Valtonen Meri
Published: July 2019

Based on our research concerning enterprise architecture (EA) in the Finnish public sector, we discuss how EA concept and tool need to be developed to support government business ecosystem and organization design. Our research context indicates, beyond a federal government or a state one, that even a single municipality, like a city concern, can be perceived as an ecosystem of its sectoral domains, subsidiaries and such. We outline a vision of an overall ontology-based, shared EA repository for the-whole-of-government current state descriptions and specify the central design principles and functional requirements for such a system, illustrating some potential use cases of it. Based on interview data from four smart city cases in Finland, we suggest a management model for the government ecosystem architecture target state design, specifically a design process for co-creating new services in the ecosystem. Further, we outline some principles for government ecosystem architecture management.
An introduction to phylosymbiosis
Authors: Lim Shen Jean , Bordenstein Seth R
Published: July 2019

Phylosymbiosis was recently formulated to support a hypothesis-driven framework for the characterization of an emerging trend in host-associated microbiomes. Defining phylosymbiosis as “microbial community relationships that recapitulate the phylogeny of their host”, we review the relevant literature and data in the last decade, emphasizing frequently used methods and regular patterns observed in the analyses. Quantitative support for phylosymbiosis is provided by statistical methods evaluating the distinguishability of microbiomes between hosts, topological congruency between the host phylogeny and microbiome dendrogram, and a positive association between host genetic relationships and microbiome beta diversity. Significant degrees of phylosymbiosis are prevalent in gut and surface microbiomes of plants and animals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Consistent with natural selection underpinning phylosymbiosis, microbiome transplant experiments demonstrate reduced host performance and/or fitness upon host-microbiome mismatches. The pervasiveness of phylosymbiosis carries several important implications for analyses of host-microbiome interactions, evolutionary biology, personalized microbiology, and conservation biology. Important future steps will be to apply evolutionary modelling for an increasingly sophisticated understanding of phylosymbiosis and to unravel the host and microbial mechanisms that contribute to the pattern. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of phylosymbiosis and outlines opportunities ripe for investigations from a diversity of disciplines, scholars, and students.
THE CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF LOCAL ISLAMIC VALUES ON THE MULUDAN TRADITION IN CIREBON: A MEMETICS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Wijayanto Eko , Soekarba Siti Rohmah
Published: July 2019

The Muludan is a tradition conducted by the Royal family in Cirebon Sultanate on the third month of the Islamic calendar (Rabi' al-awwal) to mark the celebration of the prophet Muhammad's birthday. Thousands of people from some places participate in this tradition. This paper is aimed to elaborate the cultural evolution theory (memetics) introduced by Richard Dawkings which is used to interpret the Muludan tradition as a meme. The role of the agent will be considered as a vector, not an actor. In the meantime, the Muludan can be defined not only as a religious ritual but also as a cultural tradition that has been practiced by the local people for hundred years. The tradition has a system of inheritance such as values, beliefs, behaviors, knowledge, passed down through cultural processes within the scope of the population and the environment. The conclusion is that the meaning behind the Muludan tradition believed by people, so that it develop day by day. They believe that they would gain God blessing (barakah) and Shafa‘at to practice the Muludan ritual.
THE REALITY AND NON-PECULIARITY OF THE YORUBA'S BELIEF IN REINCARNATION: AYE KEJI EXEMPLIFIED
Authors: Olufadekemi Adagbada
Published: July 2019

Everyone knows that death is the inevitable end of man. What plagnes the mind of many,consciously or otherwise, is the question of what happens to man when he breaths his lastbreath. While some are of the opinion that after death comes judgment; a detenninant ofwhether one goes to eternal blissful domains, or into everlasting tonnent; depending onwhether he had lived piously or otherwise, while on earth. Another school of thought opinesthat the soul of the dead will reincarnate by taking abode in a new physical body, born as anew baby and live another nonnallife, whereby he/she has the opportunity to correct his/herwrong actions in the previous incarnation. While some are of the opinion that when the soulhas gathered wisdom, knowledge and understanding through several incarnations, it becomesone with the creator; others believe that reincarnation is a continuous process without neithera beginning nor an ending. The Y oruba of South-Western Nigeria, like most other Africans,believes that humans reincarnate in order to re-choose their destiny and fulfill their lifeambitions which they had no chance to achieve in a previous incarnation. An examination ofsome Yoruba traditional songs about death and what follows, show that they believe in 'a dayof reckoning' and the continuum of the life cycle. Reincarnation, generally speaking, isalways thought of, and discussed as a religious phenomenon, most probably because itborders on the super-natural; an issue to which only God; the creative force, has the totallycorrect answer. My bid in this study is to establish through self-confessed persons thatreincarnation is a reality, as against Majeed's (2012) summation that reincarnation as aphenomenon "serves the need of personality identity and as such, it is irrational". Aside fromthat, this study examines and concludes that the acceptance of the reality of reincarnation isnot peculiar to the Traditional Religion of the (African) Y oruba, it is a common nexus inother faiths, unlike what obtains in Christianity and Islam; the two officially recognized(foreign) religions in Nigeria. My exemplifications from Ay~ keji (The other world); aparticularly selected Nollywood film, is as a result of its direct relativity to the issue of thisstudy, which is pivoted around African indigenous thought system and philosophy.
NIGERIA’S CULTURAL POLICY AND THE NEEDS OF THE PERFORMING ARTS
Authors: Anyanwu Chukwuma
Published: July 2019

Nigeria is a country reputed for its rich and diverse cultures from the multi-ethnic nationalities that make it up. Indeed, the diversity of traditions and cultures are evidenced in the nation’s more than four hundred and seventy (470) tribes. It is in the bid to ensure that each cultural entity is preserved, projected and promoted, that Nigeria has a cultural policy. The cultural policy is decidedly synonymous with the arts and artists since the arts and artists mainly generate the bulk of what materially, at least, constitutes culture. Of course, culture is derived from material and immaterial products all which are products of the creative ingenuities of artists. It is in line with this reasoning that this paper is written, to determine to what extent the Nigerian Cultural Policy has attended to the needs of the arts and artists, with particular emphasis on the performing arts. The performing arts in every culture make up the major part of such Culture’s creative and entertainment industry hence this paper is embarked upon to determine to what extent the policy has accommodated the needs of the performing arts. This is done through a detailed analytical assessment of the cultural policy. Recommendations are then made based on the conclusions drawn from the analysis.
HANNAH ARENDT’S “POLITICAL BEINGS” AS A REPRESENTATION OF POLITICAL EXISTENTIALISM FOR HUMANS EXISTING IN THE WORLD
Authors: Lienardy Adrian Ray , Lustanto Rendi , Kartika Ganang Dwi
Published: July 2019

Discussions in politics often focus on a broad range of political systems or political movements. This focus leads to the efforts to direct the public to the conversation of "Politics" in the sense of a system and it overlooks the fact that politics is built on the crystallization of ideas from individuals who interpret the condition of togetherness in the world. The interpretation is very important because it is the starting point for political discourse to grow and develop, which is often referred to as individual’s "political" struggle. The struggle involves a conversation between me and myself which is later embodied into an individual political idea. The effort to uncover the importance of "politics" within the framework of individual struggle becomes very important when the discourse provided by "Politics" reaches an impasse. This condition gives an impact on the quality of "Politics" that can cause a significant decline, that is "Politics" is not interpreted to achieve justice but only as a means of pursuing mere interests. This study applies qualitative methods based on theoretical and literary studies on Hannah Arendt’s existentialism, namely Vita Activa theory. The expected result of this study is to reconstruct the political concepts on the individual level that are necessary for human beings to be in the world.
R-propranolol is a small molecule inhibitor of the SOX18 transcription factor in a rare vascular syndrome and hemangioma
Authors: Overman Jeroen , Fontaine Frank , Wylie-Sears Jill , Moustaqil Mehdi , Huang Lan , Meurer Marie , Chiang Ivy Kim , Lesieur Emmanuelle , Patel Jatin , Zuegg Johannes , Pasquier Eddy , Sierecki Emma , Gambin Yann , Hamdan Mohamed , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Andelfinger Gregor , Bischoff Joyce , Francois Mathias
Published: July 2019

Propranolol is an approved non-selective β-adrenergic blocker that is first line therapy for infantile hemangioma. Despite the clinical benefit of propranolol therapy in hemangioma, the mechanistic understanding of what drives this outcome is limited. Here, we report successful treatment of pericardial edema with propranolol in a patient with Hypotrichosis-Lymphedema-Telangiectasia and Renal (HLTRS) syndrome, caused by a mutation in SOX18. Using a mouse pre-clinical model of HLTRS, we show that propranolol treatment rescues its corneal neo-vascularisation phenotype. Dissection of the molecular mechanism identified the R(+)-propranolol enantiomer as a small molecule inhibitor of the SOX18 transcription factor, independent of any anti-adrenergic effect. Lastly, in a patient-derived in vitro model of infantile hemangioma and pre-clinical model of HLTRS we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the R(+) enantiomer. Our work emphasizes the importance of SOX18 etiological role in vascular neoplasms, and suggests R(+)-propranolol repurposing to numerous indications ranging from vascular diseases to metastatic cancer.
The antimicrobial peptide defensin cooperates with tumour necrosis factor to drive tumour cell death in Drosophila
Authors: Parvy Jean-Philippe , Yu Yachuan , Dostalova Anna , Kondo Shu , Kurjan Alina , Bulet Philippe , Lemaître Bruno , Vidal Marcos , Cordero Julia B
Published: July 2019

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small cationic molecules best known as mediators of the innate defence against microbial infection. While in vitro and ex vivo evidence suggest AMPs’ capacity to kill cancer cells, in vivo demonstration of an anti-tumour role of endogenous AMPs is lacking. Using a Drosophila model of tumourigenesis, we demonstrate a role for the AMP Defensin in the control of tumour progression. Our results reveal that Tumour Necrosis Factor mediates exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), which makes tumour cells selectively sensitive to the action of Defensin remotely secreted from tracheal and fat tissues. Defensin binds tumour cells in PS-enriched areas, provoking cell death and tumour regression. Altogether, our results provide the first in vivo demonstration for a role of an endogenous AMP as an anti-cancer agent, as well as a mechanism that explains tumour cell sensitivity to the action of AMPs.