bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Impact Noise Sources in Wooden Buildings
Authors: Späh Moritz , Hagberg Klas , Bartlomé Olin , Weber Lutz , Leistner Philip , Liebl Andreas
Published: April 2014

Multi-storey timber buildings up to 6 and more floors are increasingly built in many European countries. The challenge with these buildings can be that with traditional intermediate floor constructions in timber it can be difficult to fulfill the standard requirements and even when they are met, low frequency transmission can still cause complaints. Additionally it is difficult to develop appropriate light weight floor constructions since it is well known that the correlation between the standardized evaluation methods using the tapping machine and the human perception of impact noise can be poor, especially in buildings with light weight structures. In the AcuWood project, measurements and recordings on different intermediate timber floor constructions in the laboratory and the field were performed covering a wide range of modern intermediate timber floor constructions. Additionally, one intermediate concrete floor with different floor coverings was included in the study. Besides the standardized tapping machine, the modified tapping machine and the Japanese rubber ball and “real” sources were employed. Subjective ratings from listening tests were correlated to many technical single number descriptors including the standardized descriptors and non-standardized proposals. It was found that the Japanese rubber ball represents walking noise in its characteristics and spectrum best, taking into account the practical requirement of a strong enough excitation for building measurements. The standardized tapping machine, with an appropriate single number descriptor, L′nT,w + CI,50-2500 or slightly better, L′nT,w Hagberg 03, leads also to an acceptably high determination coefficient between the descriptor and the subjective ratings. Additionally, the study delivered data, from which proposals for requirements for the suggested single number ratings are deduced, based on the subjective ratings.
The use of an amplifier to design analog-to-digital Converter with limited by using a switched capacitor
Authors: Рембеза  , Rembeza S. , Кононов  , Kononov V.
Published: April 2014

Proposed amplifier with capacitance inputs and internal resistor feedback to adjust gain factor. The obtained characteristics (SFDR > 100 dB SNR > 120 dB) provide 16-bit accuracy, necessary for creation of a pipelined ADC similar capacity.
Theoretical and experimental investigationscomposite materials. Recommendations for use
Authors: Стородубцева  , Storodubtseva Tamara , Аксомитный  , Aksomitnyy Aleksey , Томилин  , Tomilin Andrey
Published: April 2014

Using the experimental research of the dependence of the degree of curing resin PHAM from content in the composite material wood chips room-dry humidity and increase the degree of curing due adsorption capacity of dry wood, resulting from a polymer solution FEMME free water is removed, can inhibit the reaction of polymerization oligomer.
Problem-oriented software for calculation of parameters of reliability of complex blocks program-technical complexes and integration CAD through design
Authors: Уткин  , Utkin D. , Зольников  , Zolnikov Vladimir
Published: April 2014

Developed problem-oriented software software for calculation of parameters of reliability of complex of blocks of software and hardware complexes. A method is proposed for implementation of the software on a walking route design of technical systems.
The structure of automated procedures design of air power lines with regard to electromagnetic safety
Authors: Фёдоров  , Fedorov D.
Published: April 2014

The paper considers the structure of procedures of automated design of air whether deposits power transmission accounting electromagnetic safety. Presents a picture of the structure of procedures of the project, testing of air power lines with regard to electromagnetic safety showing the algorithm of interaction of programs and procedures. Presents the diagram of the design process for air power lines pass for electromagnetic safety.
Organization of computing processes in the subsystem of planning symmetric supply
Authors: Чевычелов  , Chevychelov Yu.
Published: April 2014

The paper considers the model of computing procedures in object-oriented-Noah subsystem of calculation of symmetric supply. The aim is to minimize the total computing time and show how the data is of a quality information product meets the requirements of the task. As a means of solving applied mathematical methods and models, data processing algorithms, modeling tools, processes, programmes, technologies of formation of symmetric supply.
Osobennosti funktsional'nogo sostoyaniyakory nadpochechnikov i shchitovidnoy zhelezypri metabolicheskom sindrome
Authors: Madyanov I V , Kichigin V A , Markova T N , Semakina S M , Bashkova I B
Published: April 2014

The aim. To study the functional state of adrenal cortex and thyroid gland in metabolic syndrome (MS). 186 women and 65 men
were included. Blood levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, total thyroxin, total triiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating
hormone were studied in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (IDF test) and their relation with MS components. The results.
75 (29,9%) of the 251 examined patients had MS. In the group with MS the levels of total thyroxin and dehydroepiandrosterone
sulphate were decreased to 1,90±0,18 microgram/milliliter vs. 2,37±0,12 microgram/milliliter (р=0,033) in patients without MS and
2,19±0,26 nmol/l vs. 2,59±0,15 nmol/l (р=0,040), respectively. The levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were inversely correlated
with the systolic blood pressure (r=-0,23, р
Metabolicheskiy sindrom kak protrombogennoei provospalitel'noe sostoyanie: vliyanieterapevticheskikh meropriyatiy
Authors: Berkovskaya M A , Butrova S A
Published: April 2014

The review article highlights the main effects of therapeutic strategies on proinflammatory and procoagulant abnormalities
which accompany metabolic syndrome. The main role in correction of these abnormalities belongs to dietotherapy and physical exercises.
Besides, sometimes it is appropriate to use drugs which improve insulin resistance - metformin and thiazolidinediones - as they display
many other positive effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant actions.
Mekhanizmy narusheniya obmena glyukozy u litss «prediabetom»
Authors: Dreval' A V , Misnikova I V , Trigolosova I V , Barsukov I A
Published: April 2014

We have performed an estimation of metabolic disorders in 70 persons with various early glucose metabolism abnormalities
(IFG and IGT). Oral glucose tolerance test (ОGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were done in all subjects. HbA1с,
insulin and C-peptide levels were also determined. Further НОМА-R, QUICKI, MATSUDA indexes, speed of glucose elimination from
the blood (k), production of glucose (H) and a degree of glucose metabolism disorders (pN) were estimated. Glucose hyperproduction
and liver insulin resistance is more typical for IFG, than for isolated IGT. It was confirmed by higher parameter of liver glucose production
(H) and HOMA-R index in patients with IFG. On the contrary peripheral insulin resistance is more typical for isolated IGT. Index of insulin
sensitivity MATSUDA and speed of glucose elimination from the blood (k) were lower in IGT than in IFG patients. First phase
of insulin secretion was broken in patients with combination IGT and IFG, which can explain the high incidence of transformation in
2 type diabetes mellitus in patients with combination IGT and IFG. The lowest HbA1c levels was found among persons with IGT. It is
likely that ordinary life food intake (not glucose loading) in this group of patients does not result in chronic hyperglycemia and excessive
hemoglobin glycation.
Rasprostranennost' ozhireniya,kardiometabolicheskikh faktorov riska,metabolicheskogo sindroma i sakharnogo diabetasredi zhenshchin razlichnykh vozrastnykh gruppMoskovskogo regiona
Authors: Butrova S A , Berkovskaya M A , Dzgoeva F Kh , Komshilova K A
Published: April 2014

The object of the study was to assess the frequency of visceral obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome and
diabetes mellitus in women of different ages. Materials and methods: 562 women from 20 to 65 years old were included and divided
into 3 groups: 273 women < 45 years old (group A), 160 women of 45 - 55 years old (group B) and 129 - > 55 years old (group C).
The examination included antropometric parameters, measurement of blood pressure, blood samples collection in order to investigate
concentrations of glucose and lipids. Results: the frequency of visceral obesity was 52,0%, and metabolic syndrome - 18,1%. These
frequencies increased in parallel with age. Higher insidence of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertrigliceridemia and
impaired fasting plasma gucose level were also observed with age. Diabetes mellitus was revealed in 1,2% of women. It`s frequency was
0,6% in group B and 4,7% in group C; in women younger than 45 years old no cases of diabetes mellitus were observed. Conclusion:
significant increase of frequencies of visceral obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus in women
older than 45, and especially - older than 55 years old stresses the necessity of an intense medical care for women of these age groups,
and implementation of measures for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.
Soderzhanie leptina i pokazateli uglevodnogoobmena u bol'nykh ozhireniem posledieto-refleksoterapii
Authors: Nikishova T V
Published: April 2014

The article describes the results of a combined treatment by means of diet and reflexotherapy in primary obesity. After the described
treatment programme the change in following parameters was observed: decrease of glucose levels, immuno-reactive insulin
indices (on an empty stomach and 2 hours after taking 75g of glucose), leptin (after the course of treatment and a year later) with the association
in decrease in body weight. The application of diet-reflexotherapy contributes to the decrease of appetite which results in the
reduction of the amount of taken food due to rapid satiety during the meal, and allows alleviating of insulin resistance.
Narusheniya metabolizma vitamina D pri ozhirenii
Authors: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Mazurina Natalya Valentinovna , Ogneva Natalya Aleksandrovna , Troshina Ekaterina Anatolyevna , Rozhinskaya Lyudmila Yakovlevna , Yashkov Yuriy Ivanovich
Published: April 2014

In this review we highlight the pathogenesis of vitamin D deficiency, the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in obesity and after malabsorptive bariatric surgery. We also discuss vitamin D supplementation and calcium metabolism disorders correction in obesity as well as after previous malabsorptive bariatric surgery
Priobretennaya nedostatochnost' gormona rosta u vzroslykh: etiologiya, klinicheskie proyavleniya, diagnostika i vozmozhnosti lecheniya
Authors: Vaks Vladimir Vladimirovich , Gerasimenko Olga Aleksandrovna , Dzeranova Larisa Konstantinovna
Published: April 2014

Adult-onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD) remains one of the issues in clinical endocrinology. In this article, which is addressed to practitioners, physiology of growth hormone in adults is reviewed along with etiology and diagnostic criteria of this medical condition. In general, a stimulation test is required to recognize GHD. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) has been considered the gold standard by the most important scientific societies, although alternative tests, in particular GHRH plus arginine have been proposed as valuable alternative to ITT. The results of different clinical studies regarding the impact of adult-onset GH-deficiency on metabolism and quality of life are summarized and beneficial effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on many of the manifestations of GHD reviewed. The management of GHD in adults is discussed including initiation of GH treatment, dose titration and assessment of response during trail period.
Vliyanie antigipertenzivnoy terapii na aktivnost' adipokinov i endotelina-1 u bol'nykh arterial'noy gipertoniey s ozhireniem
Authors: Oshorova S D , Romantsova Tatyana Ivanovna , Morozova T E
Published: April 2014

The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the modern antihypertensive therapy in obese hypertensive patients. Materials and methods. The activity of leptin, adiponectin and endothelin-1 and cardiohemodynamics were studied in 61 patients with essential hypertension and obesity (body mass index 34,3±4,8 kg/m2) before and after the 12-weeks treatment with zofenopril (n=31) and nebivolol (n=29). Results. It was revealed that obese hypertensive patients had abnormal circadian profile of blood pressure (63.9%), hyperleptinemia together with the decrease of the adiponectin activity (67%), as well as the increased activity of endothelin-1 (54%). The 12-weeks therapy with zofenopril and nebivolol has resulted in the improvement of the daily profile of the arterial pressure with the achievement of the target level of the arterial pressure in 72% and 79% of patients correspondingly. The following was recorded: the decrease in the activity of leptin and endothelin-1 in both groups; upward trend of the adiponectins activity under the influence of zofenopril. Conclusion. Zofenopril and nebivolol in obese hypertensive patients in addition to the antihypertensive action reduce negative cardiometabolic effects of the activation of adipocytes and endothelin-1.
Rasprostranennost' metabolicheskogo sindroma i ego komponentov u zhenshchin v razlichnykh etnicheskikh gruppakh
Authors: Suplotova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Smetanina S A , Novakovskaya N A
Published: April 2014

The aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity, pathologic weight gain and metabolic syndrome among pregnant women (n=521) in Tyumen Region of Russia. We found that high prevalence of obesity, pathologic gestational weight gain and disturbances of glucose metabolism were increased in non-native than native residents of the studied region. Metabolic syndrome in gestational period is seen very rarely and includes up to three of its components. Women of reproductive age with obesity form the risk group for the development of the metabolic infringement during gestation period. It is necessary to provide specific activities to decrease a body weight among women before pregnancy in order to prevent metabolic disturbances and reproductive losses.
Dinamika massy tela u bol'nykh sakharnymdiabetom 2 tipa v techenie pervogo godainsulinoterapii
Authors: Dzhavakhishvili T Sh , Romantsova T I , Roik O V
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study was to determine changes in weight and insulin requirements in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients
with normal and elevated body mass index (BMI) during the first year after initiating the insulin therapy with insulin analogues or human
insulins, respectively. Materials and methods: a total of 157 patients with insulin naive type 2 diabetes were included in the study. The patients
were divided in two groups. First group consisted of subjects [mean age 57 (45 to 73), duration of diabetes of 10 years (4 to 16)]
prescribed a long-acting basal (glargine, detemir), premixed (biphasic insulin Aspart 30, Humalog Mix 25) or short-acting (aspart, lispro)
insulin analogues. Patients from second group [mean age 59 (46 to 75), duration of diabetes for 10 years (5 to 15)] were treated with intermediate-
acting basal (Protophane, Humulin NPH), premixed (biphasic human insulin 30, Humulin M3) and regular (Actrapid,
Humulin R) human insulins. Each of these two groups was divided into three subgroups depending on the baseline body mass index
(BMI) of the patients: 18,5-24,9; 25-29 and ≥30. At the beginning of insulin therapy and 12 months later, we compared HbA1c, BMI,
waist circumference and required insulin doses in each group. Results: our study results showed that under comparable metabolic control
the risk for weight gain and increase in insulin requirement is similar in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with normal and elevated
BMI. Use of insulin analogues for treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with normal and elevated BMI results in better glycaemic control,
less weight gain, smaller increase in insulin requirement and waist circumference compared to human insulins during the first year of insulin
therapy.
Sandostatin i Sandostatin LAR pri metabolicheskikh, neyroendokrinnykh i onkologicheskikh zabolevaniyakh
Authors: Pigarova E A , Dzeranova L K
Published: April 2014

Octreotide is a synthetic analog of hypothalamic hormone somatostatin. This neuropeptide is widely distributed in humans and animals in central nervous system and periphery, which defines its potential regulatory functions. In 1987 the first registration was received for octreotide preparation, Sandostatin, for treatment of acromegaly and carcinoid tumors. In 1997 a long lasting form of octreotide appeared - Sandostatin LAR. At the present time both preparations have found their use in multiple areas of medicine for treatment of different metabolic, neuroendocrine and oncologic diseases.
Adipotsitokiny v nauchnoy i klinicheskoy praktike
Authors: Kosygina A V
Published: April 2014

In recent decades, overweight and obesity have become a major problem for most countries. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), more than a billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 300 million are obese. These clinical and
experimental studies highlight a clear relationship between obesity and several chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),
atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high risk of oncological diseases, disorders of the reproductive sphere, pathology of the musculoskeletal
system, as well as deviations in mental status and processes of social adaptation. Therefore, considerable efforts of modern endocrinology
focused on the study of etiopathogenetic aspects that underlie these diseases and identification of possible markers.
Potentsial'nye vozmozhnosti metformina v profilaktike i lechenii onkologicheskikh zabolevaniy u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa
Authors: Dedov I I , Butrova S A , Berkovskaya M A
Published: April 2014

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of several types of cancer, and also with increased cancer mortality. Chronic
hyperinsulinemia plays the main pathogenetic role in this association, which is mediated by a number of molecular mechanisms, described
in this issue. Drugs that increase insulin sensitivity and reduce hyperinsulinemia (metformin in the first place) display anticancer
effect. Aside from the anticancer effect, mediated by reduction of insulin resistance, metformin may directly suppress cancer cells
growth and proliferation via stimulation of AMP kinase (AMPK). Antiproliferative action of metformin in breast and ovarian cancer is
confirmed in a number of experimental and clinical trials. Its found out that therapeutic effect of metformin in treatment of breast cancer
depends on the presence/absence of some molecular features of the tumor (for example, increased expression of HER2 and/or activation
of p70S6K1). In order to specify mechanisms of action and effects of metformin in oncological practice several trials are being conducted
or planned, most of all, in all subtypes of breast cancer. Confirmation of the anticancer effectiveness of metformin will promote an expansion
of its use in clinical practice and in clinical oncology, particularly.
Metabolic abnormalities and behavioral peculiarities in patients with obesity: statics and dynamics on Orlistat therapy
Authors: Gurova O Yu , Bobrov A E , Romantsova T I , Roik O V
Published: April 2014

Obesity causes variety of metabolic disorders, and decreases the quality of life. At the same time many people with BMI>30 kg/A possess different psychopathologic disturbances. The results of ourwork disclose high percentage of impaired carbohydrate metabolism, hyperlipidemia, and resistance to insulin in patients with obesity Besides, it was revealed that more than a half of the patients have symptoms of maladjustment, and decreased quality of life. Reduction of body w eight due to the treatment with Orlistat w as accompanied by improvement in parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and quality of life
Opyt primeneniya preparata Orsoten (orlistat)u bol'nykh ozhireniem
Authors: Mel'nichenko G A , Komshilova K A , Berkovskaya M A
Published: April 2014

At present, the epidemic of overweight and obesity is one of the most pressing public health problems worldwide.
Pharmacotherapy is often initiated to increase the effectiveness of obesity therapy, including orlistat, which is a long-acting inhibitor of
gastric and pancreatic lipases that reduces splitting and subsequent absorption of fat food. Till the recent time the only available orlistat
preparation was Xenical (F. Hoffman La Roche Ltd, Switzerland). In 2009, in Russia was registered another trade name of drug - Orsoten
(KRKA, Slovenia), which is the first generic drug orlistat. The article shows the results of a study conducted to examine the clinical
equivalence, efficacy and safety of the drug Orsoten compared with Xenical in obese patients.
Effect of chronic hyperglycaemia on the parameters of protein, lipid metabolism and platelet-coagulation haemostasis in acromegaly
Authors: Petrik G G , Pavlishchuk S A
Published: April 2014

The aim of the research. Assessing the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on the parameters of the protein, lipid metabolism
and platelet-coagulation haemostasis in patients with active phase of acromegaly. Materials and methods: The research included 58 patients
with the active phase of acromegaly (36 women and 28 men), median age 50 (43, 57) years, disease duration 9.0 (5.0, 15.0) years,
26 of whom had verified diabetes mellitus. Results: Biochemical parameters and parameters of haemostasis in patients with active
phase of acromegaly with normoglycemia differed from the control group by higher levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins,
an increase in the average volume of platelet aggregation and enhancement of their function. The presence of diabetes mellitus
was accompanied by the increase in concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, decrease in high-density lipoproteins, and increase
in fibrinogen concentration, soluble fibrin-monomeasured complexes, as well as reduction of disaggregation properties of platelets
and enhancement of ejection reactions. Conclusion: The presence of diabetes mellitus with acromegaly can be regarded as a significant
risk factor for atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and platelet disfunction.
The impact of early intensive glucose control for prophylaxis of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (results of UKPDS study and 10-year follow-up study)
Authors: Ushkalova E A , Gushchina Yu Sh , Ushkalova E A , Guschina Yu. Sh
Published: April 2014

At the present time diabetes mellitus (DM) is a main noninfectious disease that not only significantly influences quality of life and life expectancy of every patient but also represents a heavy burden for the healthcare system. Medico social significance of DM is defined by high prevalence of this disease in population and high risk of its specific macro- and microvascular complications. According to latest data the main chain in the development of all specific complications of DM is chronic hyperglycemia, the important role belongs also to arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. The multicenter randomized controlled study UKPDS assessed the influence of levels of hyperglycemia and arterial pressure as well as common methods of their corrections on development of complications of type 2 DM. The results of the UKPD study showed the significance of the intensive control of blood glucose and arterial pressure for the prophylaxis of type 2 DM complications and lethal outcomes. These observations allowed development of contemporary recommendations for treatment patients with type 2 DM and defined the target levels of HbAlc (
Effects of diabetes compensation by various classes of antihyperglycemic agents on endovascular intervention outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Michurova Marina Sergeevna , Kononenko Irina Vladimirovna , Smirnova Olga Mikhailovna , Kalashnikov Victor Yur'evich
Published: April 2014

Introduction of drug-eluting stents for percutaneous coronary interventions opened novel options for treating coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, mortality and myocardial infarction rates are still higher among diabetes patients. They also require repeated revascularization of the target vessel more often than euglycemic individuals do. Current review discusses possible effects of diabetes compensation by various classes of antihyperglycemic agents on endovascular intervention outcomes.
Vasily Baranov (1899?1988). On 115th anniversary of the prominent scientist?s birth
Authors: Patrakeeva Evgenia Mikhailovna
Published: April 2014

Vasily Baranov was a distinguished scientist in the field of endocrinology, many of whose studies remain relevant today. He was blessed with a long and productive life filled with passion for work and insightful research. The task of an accurate depiction of his legacy within the boundaries of a single article is quite challenging, as his works encompassed a wide spectrum of scientific, medical and organizational problems.
Incretins and their influence on the course of type 2 diabetes in patients with morbid obesity after bariatric oper
Authors: Dedov I I , Yashkov Yu I , Ershova E V
Published: April 2014

Most researchers support the important role of incretins, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 in improving metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after bariatric operations, mostly involving shunting. A positive effect of bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes is known from numerous publications on the results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity and in this review we try to analyze the mechanisms of this effect.
A 7-year experience with the surgery of biliopancreatic diversion in the modification of Hess-Marceau for the treatment of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yashkov Yu I , Nikol'skiy A V , Bekuzarov D K , Ershova E V , Ogneva N A
Published: April 2014

We examined 292 patients (mean age 37,5±9,1 years) with morbid obesity (initial BMI 47,3±7,0 kg/m2), from which 72 patients had type 2 diabetes, before and after biliopancreatic diversion in Hess-Marceau modification, conducted from 2003 to 2010. Along with a significant and steady weight loss, the most important advantage of surgery is its high efficiency in treatment of disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with morbid obesity and associated type 2 diabetes and severe atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Lipid metabolism and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes with diabetic nephropathy depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Khasanova Y V , Galkina A B , Nelaeva A A , Medvedeva I V
Published: April 2014

Aim: to study the role and relationship of lipid metabolism and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with diabetic nephropathy (DN), depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: a total of 240 patients with type 2 diabetes in the early stages of DN and CKD were studied. Results: in patients with type 2 diabetes development of DN was associated with an increased level of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid abnormalities (hypertriglyceridemia). We found a negative correlation between the level of triglycerides (TG) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = -0,43) and a direct correlation between the level of IL-6 and TG (r = 0,48). Conclusions: increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and triglycerides increase the risk of development and progression of DN and CKD.
Scientific methods – the foundation of science
Authors: Li Long-Cheng , Gruenert Dieter C
Published: April 2014

“工欲善其事,必先利其器” --‘If a workman wishes to do a good job, he must first sharpen his tools.’  This ancient adage from Confucius maintains its relevance even now in the information age where the potential applications of new technology are limited only by the imagination. Historically, the development and dissemination of novel techniques & methods has served as a catalyst for scientific progress by re-defining what is possible within the laboratory. It is worth recounting that the breakthroughs in genetic engineering that led to the production of the first recombinant protein and the birth of biotechnology occurred within a decade of the discovery of the first restriction enzyme. Once again, we are on the cusp of a paradigm shift in the biological sciences following the discovery of yet another mechanism of prokaryotic immunity; the CRISPR/Cas system. A series of landmark publications involving a single enzyme in this system have seen it emerge as an incredibly versatile and powerful tool capable of manipulating the transcriptome, epigenome and even the genome itself. The rate at which such technology can be adapted and repurposed by the scientific community is a testament to the power of open access resources, and their capacity to facilitate and accelerate the exchange of ideas. Given the importance of reliable techniques and methodologies in advancing scientific research, we are pleased to announce the launch of the Journal of Biological Methods (JBM, ISSN 2326-9901), a peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to the publication of innovative, cutting-edge methods and techniques across the spectrum of life sciences.
Use of hypodermoclysis in the treatment of elderly people in institutional care
Authors: Kobal Straus Klavdija
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Hypodermoclysis is a way of administering fluids to the body by using a subcutaneous infusion. Research shows that this procedure is as effective as the more established intravenous infusion, posing no serious complications.Method: For this study, a descriptive quantitative method was used. The data were gathered through a structured survey questionnaire specifically designed for the purpose of the study. It consisted of 14 questions. The questionnaire was completed and returned by 40 nursing care managers in the old people’s homes. The questionnaire was designed and distributed by means of the 1ka web tool on February 10, 2013 and the answers were collected by February 26,  2013. The data analysis was performed using the software package 1ka, MS Office (Word, Excel) and SPSS 18.0.Results: With regard to geographical location of the old people’s homes inSlovenia, the familiarity with and the use of hypodermoclysis does not vary substantially (χ2 = 0.440, p = 0.507). Complications related to this procedure of administering fluids are rare when it is administered in conformity with accepted indications and guidelines. The risks of hypodermoclysis are not directly related to the rate of administration (χ2 = 0.000, p = 1.000). The research did not establish any correlation between the frequency of complications and the education level of the nursing staff (χ2 = 3.900, p = 0.420).Discussion and conclusion: The research shows that hypodermoclysis is an established and widely used procedure among the professionals who took part in the research. As hypodermoclysis is a safe, easy and financially accessible way of administering fluids, suitable for use both in institutions as well as in home care, the time has come for resurrection and evaluation of this alternative infusion technique for widespread future use.
Aplikacija adaptacijskega modela Calliste Roy pri pacientu z rakom in s kronično bolečino
Authors: Čaušević Majda , Ramšak Pajk Jožica
Published: April 2014

Uvod: Prilagajanje je ključni dejavnik za uspešno soočenje posameznika s spremembami v svojem notranjem in zunanjem okolju. Z aktivnostmi zdravstvene nege medicinske sestre pomagajo zagotoviti potrebne vire za uspešnejši proces prilagajanja. Avtorji v prispevku razpravljajo, ali bi teoretični model prilagoditve Calliste Roy ustrezal pri obravnavi in zdravstveni negi v enoti za zdravljenje bolečine.Metode: Uporabljena je triangulacija metod pregleda literature in kvalitativne metode z raziskovalno tehniko kritičnega dogodka. Pregled literature je bil narejen v vzajemni bibliografsko-kataložni bazi COBIB.SI in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Pridobljenih je bilo 165 zadetkov in uporabljenih 34 znanstvenih člankov ter 7 monografij. Kriteriji izbora so bili primarni viri Calliste Roy, dostopnost, relevantnost, kritična ponazoritev teoretičnega modela. Tehnika kritičnega dogodka v treh fazah opiše incident, ga analizira ter poda možne izide. Rezultati: Adaptacijski model Calliste Roy je aplikativen, uporaben in v sedanji situaciji se dobro dopolnjuje s štirinajstimi temeljnimi življenjskimi aktivnostmi po Virginie Henderson. Model daje možnost ocene tako fizičnega kot psihosocialnega stanja. Najpomembnejše prepoznane intervencije medicinske sestre, ki pripomorejo k prilagoditvenemu procesu pacienta, so psihosocialna podpora, učenje in svetovanje. Diskusija in zaključek: Prednost obravnave pacienta z rakom in bolečino po izbranem modelu zdravstvene nege je v možnosti ocene stanja po vseh štirih ravneh prilagajanja in v prikazu načrta zdravstvene nege. Pokazalo se je kot pozitivno, da medicinska sestra lahko s psihosocialno podporo in informiranjem vpliva na kakovost življenja pacienta. Pacient in družina se soočata s kronično boleznijo, načinom življenja in pomenom poznavanja ter nadzorovanja bolečine.
Odgovornosti za razvoj zdravstvene nege: jih prepoznamo?
Authors: Skela Savič Brigita
Published: April 2014

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The contribution of ethnography to understanding nursing work: a comparative review of three nursing ethnographies
Authors: Murphy Fiona , Griffiths Pauline , Merrell Joy
Published: April 2014

Introduction: This methods paper examines ways in which ethnography and in particular the ethnographic method of participant observation, informs understanding of the reality of nursing work.Methods: The relevance of ethnography for nursing practice is illustrated through three ethnographic studies of nursing work, all of which involved participant observation for periods of over twelve months. These studies were conducted in three different hospital settings inWales,United Kingdom; an intensive therapy unit, a gynaecological unit and a medical admissions unit. Definitions of ethnography are considered along with an account of three key ethnographic methods; participant observation, interviews and documentary analysis.Results: Two key themes which were apparent in all three of these ethnographies will be presented to demonstrate the contribution of ethnography in understanding nursing practice. These themes are; the embodied nature of nursing work and duality and tension in nursing work.Discussion and conclusion: It will be argued that ethnography as a research approach enables nursing practice to be understood as it is actually experienced in the uncertain, disruptive and often resource limited context of contemporary healthcare.
Is Neutral Really Neutral? The Effects of Neutral User-Generated Content on Product Sales
Authors: Tang Tanya (Ya) , Fang Eric (Er) , Wang Feng
Published: April 2014

This article aims to specify the performance implications of neutral user-generated content (UGC) on product sales by differentiating mixed-neutral UGC, which contains an equal amount of positive and negative claims, from indifferent-neutral UGC, which includes neither positive nor negative claims. The authors propose that positive and negative UGC only provide opportunities for consumers to process product-related information, whereas both mixed- and indifferent-neutral UGC affect consumers’ motivation and ability to process positive and negative UGC. The results of three studies using multiple measures (text and numerical UGC), contexts (automobiles, movies, and tablets), and methods (empirical and behavioral experiment) indicate contrasting premium and discount effects such that mixed-neutral UGC amplifies the effects of positive and negative UGC, whereas indifferent-neutral UGC attenuates them. Empirical evidence further indicates that ignoring mixed- or indifferent-neutral UGC leads to substantial under- or overestimates of the effects of positive and negative UGC. The effects of neutral UGC on product sales thus are not truly neutral, and the direction of the bias depends on both the type of UGC and the distribution of positive and negative UGC.
Tagungsbericht: Dritter „Tag der Bestandserhaltung“ in Berlin und Brandenburg am 8. Oktober 2013
Authors: Balihar Elisabeth
Published: April 2014

Am 8. Oktober 2013 fand auf dem Gelände der Universität Potsdam Griebnitzsee der dritte „Tag der Bestandserhaltung“ statt, der vom Kompetenzzentrum Bestandserhaltung für Archive und Bibliotheken in Berlin und Brandenburg organisiert wird. In diesem Tagungsbericht wird ein kurzer Abriss über die Vorträge, Workshops, Präsentationen und Führungen gegeben. Themen waren u. a. die KEK-Modellprojekte 2012 aus der Region, Servicestellen für Digitalisierungsprojekte in Berlin und Brandenburg, die neue maschinell elektrostatische Reinigungsanlage mit Standort in Hildesheim sowie die am Nachmittag durchgeführten Workshops und Führungen.
The Rise and Spread of Favoritism Practices
Authors: Duran Miguel A. , Morales Antonio J.
Published: April 2014

The common sensical definition of favoritism implies some kind of discrimination. We propose a model where a group of agents commit to give preference to their members when making job offers. This endogamic behavior is advantageous because members enjoy preferential job offers, but they incur in link costs and potential efficiency losses. Unlike the standard approach to favoritism, agents in our model make strategic joining decisions and as a result of the counterbalancing effects of favoritism, an optimal clique size appears in equilibrium. We show that favoritism is not compatible with large inefficiency losses and that there exists a non-monotonic relation between the unemployment level and favoritism practices. Societies with multiple equilibria are also found.
Fachportale von Bibliotheken
Authors: Wonke-Stehle Jens , Christof Jürgen
Published: April 2014

Wie können sich Bibliotheken als Dienstleister in der überregionalen Literaturversorgung so positionieren, dass sie ein am Bedarf der jeweiligen Zielgruppe orientiertes Dienstleistungsportfolio entwickeln, sie die Erbringung dieser Dienstleistungen so gestalten, dass diese in den Bibliotheksalltag („Regelbetrieb“) eingebunden sind, und sie auf zukünftige Entwicklungen sowohl in der Wissenschaft als auch im Bereich der Technologie vorbereitet sind?
Zehn Jahre Neuausrichtung des Sondersammelgebiets Ost- und Südostasien: Integration elektronischer Medien in den Sammel- und Serviceauftrag
Authors: Kaun Matthias
Published: April 2014

Der Aufsatz umreißt die Auswirkungen der vor zehn Jahren entwickelten strategischen Neuausrichtung des DFG-geförderten Sondersammelgebiets Ost- und Südostasien. Mit der Ausweitung des Sammel- und Serviceauftrags auf elektronische Ressourcen bietet die Sammlung heute Zugang zu Millionen von Texten in gedruckter und elektronischer Form. Die Inhalte werden über das Portal CrossAsia angeboten, das von der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin betrieben wird. Sie stehen jeder wissenschaftlichen Nutzerin, jedem wissenschaftlichen Nutzer zur Verfügung. Elektronische Ressourcen bedürfen sowohl anderer technischer als auch administrativer Verfahren im Bibliotheksalltag, die hier am Beispiel der Sammlung Ost- und Südostasien beschrieben werden.
Novel clathrin activity: developments in health and disease
Authors: Ybe Joel A.
Published: April 2014

Clathrin self-assembles into a coat around vesicles filled with cargo such as nutrients, hormones, and proteins destined for degradation. Recent developments indicate clathrin is not a specialist, but is involved in different processes relevant to health and disease. Clathrin is used to strengthen centrosomes and mitotic spindles essential for chromosome segregation in cell division. In Wnt signaling, clathrin is a component of signalosomes on the plasma membrane needed to produce functional Wnt receptors. In glucose metabolism, a muscle-specific isoform, CHC22 clathrin, is key to the formation of storage compartments for GLUT4 receptor, and CHC22 dysfunction has been tied to type 2 diabetes. The activity of clathrin to self-assemble and to work with huntingtin-interacting proteins to organize actin is exploited by Listeria and enteropathic Escherichia coli in their infection pathways. Finally, there is an important connection between clathrin and human malignancies. Clathrin is argued to help transactivate tumor suppressor p53 that controls specific genes in DNA repair and apoptosis. However, this is debatable because trimeric clathrin must be made monomeric. To get insight on how the clathrin structure could be converted, the crystal structure of the trimerization domain is used in the development of the detrimerization switch hypothesis. This novel hypothesis will be relevant if connections continue to be found between CHC17 and p53 anti-cancer activity in the nucleus.
Tabletops: Interactive Horizontal Surfaces
Authors: Müller-Tomfelde Christian , Fjeld Morten
Published: April 2014

Tables are part of our everyday lives. We use their surfaces at home, at work, to play, to eat, and for collaboration. Since a few decades, researchers envision and design interactive tabletops with computers and displays integrated into the furniture. This is a prominent way of making computers invisible and to instantiate the user interface as a physical interface: an interactive horizontal surface. Tabletop research, technologies, prototypes, and products are tightly coupled and in this article we synthesize historical information and map our findings onto a so-called hype cycle, usually representing the maturity and the visibility of specific technologies. We characterize the evolution in this domain, pointing out and tracing innovations as they stimulated and triggered key transitions in research and technology. This enables us to extrapolate the future of interactive tabletops.
Erfahrungen aus der Entwicklung eines interaktiven, non-planaren Displays / Lessons Learned from the Development of an Interactive, Non-planar Display
Authors: Hennecke Fabian
Published: April 2014

Die Entwicklung im Bereich interaktiver Displays schreitet nicht nur in der Größe und Auflösung voran, auch die Form der Displays wird verändert. Neben flachen Displays, die unterschiedlich zum Nutzer orientiert sein können, gibt es mittlerweile gebogene Displays, die die Eigenschaften dieser unterschiedlichen Displayorientierungen kombinieren. Da es in jedoch noch kaum Erfahrungen mit solchen Systeme gibt, fasst dieses Papier die Entwicklung eines gebogenen Displays zusammen und hebt dabei Vor- sowie Nachteile der genutzten Techniken hervor. Dazu werden die einzelnen Schritte vom Prototyping während der Displayentwicklung bis hin zu speziell angepassten grafischen Benutzerschnittstellen vorgestellt. Basierend auf diesen Schritten werden die Erfahrungen abschließend in Form von Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung weiterer gebogener Displays zusammengefasst. Sie sollen helfen ähnliche Projekte besser zu planen und durchzuführen.
Die Wiederentdeckung analoger Interaktionsqualitäten in der digitalen Leitwarte / The return of physical interaction in future control rooms
Authors: Schwarz Tobias , Butscher Simon , Müller Jens , Reiterer Harald
Published: April 2014

In diesem Beitrag wird das Blended Interaction Designframework als neuartiger Ansatz zur Vermischung realer und digitaler Interaktionskonzepte für Leitwarten vorgestellt. Hintergrund ist die Herausforderung einer stetig ansteigenden Komplexität der Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle. Leitbild bei der Konzeptentwicklung sind die Prinzipien der realitätsbasierten Interaktion und des Conceptual Blendings, die sowohl den Operateur mit seinen inhärenten Fähigkeiten, als auch den situativen Kontext der Arbeitsumgebung hervorheben. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Frameworks werden anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus dem Kraftwerkskontext erläutert. Hierzu werden Visualisierungs- und Interaktionskonzepte für die Manipulation von Prozessvariablen beschrieben. Des Weiteren werden Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Benutzerstudie vorgestellt, in welcher ein möglicher Paradigmenwechsel hin zu neuen Interaktionsformen untersucht und diskutiert wird.
Komponenten und Einflussfaktoren der intuitiven Interaktion: Ein integratives Modell
Authors: Ullrich Daniel
Published: April 2014

“Intuitive Interaktion” gilt im Bereich technischer Produkte als unumstrittene Maxime. Was genau jedoch die wahrgenommene Intuitivität eines Produkts ausmacht, ist weniger klar definiert. Ich habe mich dem Phänomen intuitive Interaktion anhand eines dualen Ansatzes genähert, der Forschungserkenntnisse aus dem Bereich intuitiver Entscheidungen sowie Einsichten aus Nutzerstudien im Bereich interaktive Technologien kombiniert. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein integratives Modell vor, das die zentralen Forschungsergebnisse zusammenfasst. Kern des Modells ist die wahrgenommene Intuitivität eines Produkts und vier hierfür relevante Komponenten (Mühelosigkeit, Gefühlsgeleitet, Verbalisierungsfähigkeit, Magisches Erleben). Diese sind umgeben von mehreren Einflussfaktoren, die im Kontext der intuitiven Interaktion wirken und sie vielfältig moderieren. Einflussfaktoren erster Ebene sind der Nutzer und dessen individueller Erfahrungshintergrund, das Produkt mit seinen Eigenschaften und der Kontext, in dem die Interaktion stattfindet. Einflussfaktoren zweiter Ebene sind die Urteilsintegration (die Urteilsbildung des Nutzers), der Nutzungsmodus und die Transferdistanz (Distanz zwischen Anwendungsdomäne und Ursprung des Vorwissens). Die genannten Faktoren werden anhand beispielhafter Studienergebnisse beschrieben. Abschließend werden Ansatzpunkte des Modells für die User Experience Forschung und Gestaltung diskutiert.
Open Source Engineering Processes / Open Source-Entwicklungsprozesse
Authors: Mauerer Wolfgang , Jaeger Michael C.
Published: April 2014

Software engineering in open source projects faces similar challenges as in traditional software development (coordination of and cooperation between contributors, change and release management, quality assurance, ...), but often uses different means of solving them. This leads to some salient distinctions between both worlds, especially with respect to communication and how technical issues are addressed. The variations within open source software (OSS) communities are considerable, and many different approaches are currently in use, ranging from informal conventions to highly systematic, formally specified and rigidly applied processes. We discuss the archetypal best practises in the field, illustrate them by presenting example projects, and provide a comparison to traditional approaches.
Open Source Community Processes: Implications on Micro and Macro Level / Auswirkungen von Prozessen in Open Source Gemeinschaften auf Mikro- und Makro-Ebene
Authors: Koch Stefan
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we will discuss the existence and form of open source community processes, whether they differ between projects, and whether they have any implications on both micro and macro level. We will take a look at how different processes can impact the work and the resulting quality within projects, as well as on macro or project level outcomes like success or efficiency. We will also present as well as validate a research model to explain process adoption and implications.
China and the Australia-U.S. Relationship
Authors: Mackerras Colin
Published: April 2014

This paper analyzes China’s impact on Australia-U.S. relations from 1949 to 1996, including how far Australia’s China policy followed the American lead. The conclusion: American influence was dominant, but Australia’s own initiative was enough to belie the suggestion that it was no more than a blind follower.