bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade microbiológica de rações para cães comercializadas à granel em um município do oeste do Paraná
Authors: Marques da Silva Letícia , Ludvichak Beger Tainara , Borstmann Stifani Araujo , Biasuz Thais
Published: October 2024

As micotoxinas são produtos secundários do metabolismo de fungos filamentosos, com alta capacidade de causar danos à saúde animal. Esses fungos podem se proliferar naturalmente nos alimentos e são comumente encontrados em grãos que compõem basicamente, a ração de animais por serem excelentes fontes energéticas. Entre os principais gêneros de fungos, os de maior interesse em relação a produção de micotoxinas são Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. e Fusarium spp. Assim, nosso objetivo foi verificar a qualidade microbiológica de diferentes rações para cães comercializadas à granel em um município do oeste do Paraná. Seis rações de cada classe foram adquiridas de forma aleatória em comércios locais, estas foram classificadas como Standart, Premium, e Super Premium, totalizando 18 rações (6 pacotes de cada). Após foi realizado o preparo das amostras e o plaqueamento em superfície (spread plate), no meio de cultura DG-18, para futura contagem e identificação dos fungos. Adicionalmente realizamos avaliação do teor de umidade das diferentes rações. Como resultados obtivemos, crescimento em todas as classes analisadas, obtendo maior prevalência as rações de baixo custo, também foi observado crescimento de fungos como Penicilium spp, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp e leveduras, além disso, a análise de umidade mostrou que todas as amostras estavam dentro dos parâmetros, tendo um aumento maior em rações Premium. Com este estudo, pode ser concluído que, mesmo que todas as classes analisadas cumpram todos os requisitos legais para serem distribuídas para consumo, ainda é necessário ter muita cautela na escolha do produto para alimentação animal.
Histomorphological effects of ß,Ɛ-Carotene-3,3’-diol on the liver following indomethacin-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats
Authors: Ofusori Adebimpe Esther , Raharjo Yanuardi , Ofusori David Adesanya , Adekunle Victory Opeyemi
Published: October 2024

Medicinal plants are globally used as food and in the management of different ailments based on their peculiar phytochemical contents. This study aimed to evaluate the histomorphological effects of ß,Ɛ-Carotene-3,3’-diol on the liver following indomethacin-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. This is to determine the ameliorative effect of graded doses of ß,Ɛ-Carotene-3,3’-diol. A total of twenty-five adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=5). Liver injury was induced by oral administration of 20 mg/kg b.w of indomethacin after 24 hours fast to animals in groups B-E. Twenty four hours after the induction, animals in groups C-E were given different doses of ß,Ɛ-Carotene-3,3’-diol. At the end of the experimentation, the animals were sacrificed and the livers were collected and fixed for histopathological and histomorphological analyses. The results showed that indomethacin increased the activities of AST, ALT and ALP and also induced histopathological changes. Treatment with ß,Ɛ-Carotene-3,3’-diol was able to attenuate liver injury caused by indomethacin in a dose dependent manner as evidenced in the histoarchitectural changes. This was also corroborated by the histomorphometric analyses. In conclusion, the results suggested the positive influence of ß,Ɛ-Carotene-3,3’-diol in ameliorating liver injury caused by indomethacin and by extension, may be adopted in the management of liver related injury.
Efectos de la flunarizina en la malaria cerebral experimental
Authors: Maya Juan Francisco , Pantoja Aura Mariela , Ramírez Hernán , Herrera Sócrates
Published: October 2024

Se estudiaron 40 ratones albino suizos adultos con edades entre 11-12 semanas y pesos de 40 ± 2 galos que se les produjo malaria experimental con Plasmodium berghei var anka y se dividieron en cuatro modalidades terapéuticas: nunarizina, cloroquina, cloroquina-nunarizina y un grupo control sin tratamiento. El estudio neuropatológico mostró un erecto protector en el grupo tratado con cloroquina-nunarizina al compararlo con el grupo tratado con cloro-quina sola, mediante la prueba de Fischer (p < 0.01). La elevada morbimortalidad de la malaria cerebral justificaría la utilización de agentes bloqueadores de los canales de calcio selectivos para el sistema nervioso central, como la nunarizina, en ensayos clínicamente controlados, como conducta adyuvante al tratamiento antimalárico.
Carta al editor
Authors: Niño Ramírez Antonio José , Reynales Londoño Humberto
Published: October 2024

El artículo"Ordenamiento de 22 facultades de medicina colombianas y ecuatorianas, según la calidad de su en enseñanza de pregrado", de los doctores Hans W. Dahners y Félix Eduardo Melo, publicado en Colombia Médica, volumen 23, número 3, 1992, nos ha suscitado las siguientes inquietudes:
Requisitos para acreditarse como cirujano ginecológico láser
Authors: Saavedra Jaime
Published: October 2024

La acreditación en cirugía láser es una salvaguardia para los pacientes, los médicos y los hospitales. No todos los médicos son competentes para efectuar cirugía láser aun después de varios cursos y tutorías láser. Los cursos láser y las tutorías no acreditan al médico, pero dan un respaldo lógico para su solicitud de credenciales ante el cuerpo directivo de la institución de salud donde desea realizar sus procedimientos. Es obligación del comité de credenciales determinar cuáles médicos están capacitados para llevar a cabo esta cirugía satisfactoriamente. También el comité de credenciales debe decidir de manera clara y objetiva cuál de los procedimientos autorizados se podrían permitir al cirujano láser, de acuerdo con los datos suministrados para el análisis.
Aislamiento e identificación de estafilococos coagulasa negativa de muestras clínicas
Authors: Astudillo Miryam , Barona Tovar Graciela , Carmona V. Fabio
Published: October 2024

Se analizaron 100 muestras clínicas diferentes ( que incluían sangre, pus de abscesos, LCR, orina, secreciones respiratorias), solicitadas a diversas instituciones de salud, con el fin de buscar en ellas estafilococos coagulasa negativa (ECN) en estado puro. Las muestras en las que se aisló más de un microorganismo no se consideraron en el estudio. Se estandarizaron las pruebas bioquímicas mínimas que permiten identificar los ECN, las diferentes atmósferas y temperaturas para desarrollo óptimo de tales bacterias y los períodos de incubación. Hubo 42 aislados de ECN donde prevalecieron S. sciuri, 26.1 %; S. epidermidis, 19%; S. gallinarum, 14.2%) S. haemolyticus, 14.2%; S. hyicus subespecie chromogenes, 8.5%; y S. warneri, 7.1 %; así como S. lentus, S. caseolyticus, S. xylosus, y S. simulans con 2.3% cada uno. Este estudio destaca la importancia de hacer la correcta caracterización de los aislados de ECN, ya que muchos de los encontrados pueden emerger como patógenos oportunistas de alta prevalencia en ambiente hospitalario; además de establecer las pautas para la identificación in vitro.
Interpretación clínica de los gases sanguíneos.
Authors: Ordoñez Carlos A. , Buitrago Ricardo
Published: October 2024

La interpretación y el análisis de los gases arteriales y venosos representa una valiosa ayuda en el manejo de los individuos críticamente enfermos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Antes de realizar cualquier interpretación se debe verificar la confiabilidad de la muestra, que se debe tomar con precauciones y conocimientos. P.e., la toma de la sangre arterial difiere en velocidad de la toma para la muestra venosa (arteria pulmonar y aurícula) Con el estudio de los gases arteriales y venosos se pueden evaluar 5 funciones corporales: ventilación, oxigenación, pe,fusión tisular, equilibrio acidobásico y análisis metabólico. Al obtener estas mediciones y al analizar los resultados de esas funciones se logra adquirir un conocimiento de cómo funciona el organismo que indicará las pautas y conductas que se deben seguir en el paciente crítico.
Prevalencia del virus rábico en quirópteros del área municipal de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Otero. Jaime A. , Arango-Jaramillo Silvio , Restrepo de Meza María Teresa , Alberico Michael , Gutiérrez Henry , Márquez Mariela , Oliveros Alvaro , Escobar Humberto , Lozada Enrique , Sardi Raúl , Valencia. Danilo , Sardi Humberto , Buitrago. Luis
Published: October 2024

Entre agosto de J 988 y octubre de J 989, se realizó en el área municipal de Cali, Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, un programa de captura de murciélagos con el fin de establecer la prevalencia de virus de la rabia, Lyssavirus, en el tejido cerebral. Para identificar el virus rábico en el cerebro de los quirópteros, se utilizaron la técnica de coloración de Sellers, los anticuerpos fluorescentes y la prueba biológica de inoculación en cerebro de ratones lactantes. Se estudiaron J 349 murciélagos pertenecientes a 12 especies de 6familias. Todas las pruebas de laboratorio para demostrar la presencia del virus resultaron negativas; sin embargo, dadas las condiciones climatológicas y socioeconómicas de la región así como el antecedente de casos positivos en murciélagos en Cali, la vigilancia epidemiológica del virus debe continuar con énfasis en el diagnóstico del agente, tanto en éstos como en otros animales silvestres.
Desajuste emocional y funcionalidad familiar en pacientes mastectomizadas
Authors: Valencia Claudia Patricia , Rojas Oscar , Arias Liliana
Published: October 2024

Este estudio permitió identificar el comportamiento sociofamiliar, en el modelo de adaptación emocional en pacientes mastectomizadas. y la influencia de factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de respuestas que ubican a la mujer en un estado de alto riesgo para peores adaptaciones. La prevalencia global de «trastornos emocionales» en mujeres mastectomizadas, medida a través del cuestionario de síntomas, fue 46.9%. Al estratificar por período postquirúrgico, se observa cómo las proporciones se mantienen cercanas a este valor, sin encontrar una tendencia significante a través del tiempo (p= 0.54). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de trastornos emocionales y la disfunción familiar medida a trave´s de APGAR familiar (p= 0.008), el desajuste laboral (p= 0.003) y el deterioro en las relaciones conyugales (p= 0.002). Estos el resultados orientan la intervención en aspectos importantes como el familiar y social de las pacientes mastectomizadas.  Las intervenciones se pueden adelantar a través de programas de prevención y rehabilitación que brinden soporte a aquellas pacientes que lo ameriten, no sólo a corto plazo, sino durante el tiempo requerido por cada una, a fin de lograr un manejo integral del individuo y su familia
Riesgo psicosocial en pacientes con diagnóstico reciente de VIH positivo
Authors: Escobar R. Reynaldo , Herrera Ricardo , Herrera M Julián A
Published: October 2024

La confirmación se roló gica de positividad para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VI H) genera respuestas emocionales impredecibles. Con el propósito de evaluar el estado psiquiátrico de los pacientes en el momento de este diagnóstico y su impacto sobre el funcionamiento familiar, se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en Cali, Colombia. El estado civil soltero, el comportamiento homosexual o bisexual, y la disfunción familiar (APGAR familiar< 14 puntos) se asociaron con la seropositividadpara el VIH (X2=35.6,p < 0.00001 ). La existencia de algún grado de psicopatología ( escala global de evaluación psiquiátrica de Lubarsky < 80 punlOs), se asoció significativamente con la disfunción familiar y con la seropositividád para el VIH (OR=3.49),JC 95% 1.05-11.95,p < 0.02). Los resultados de este estudio demostraron que la seropositividad para el VIH genera situaciones de estrés que implican alteraciones en el funcionamiento familiar y comportamientos adaptativos psicopatológicos, que se deben tener en cuenta en el manejo integral de esta enfermedad.
Enfermedad hepática subclínica en donantes voluntarios de sangre con anticuerpos contra hepatitis C
Authors: Cortés Armando , Holguín Jaime
Published: October 2024

A fin de determinar la relación entre seropositividad para anticuerpos contra hepatitis C ( anti-VHC) y enfermedad hepática, en donantes voluntarios de sangre, se estudió prospectivamente un grupo de 18 donantes con anti-VHC positivo por ELISA con historia clínica negativa para alcoholismo, obesidad, ingestión de drogas hepatotóxicas y antecedentes de hepatitis, con marcadores serológicos negativos para hepatitis B y sin evidencia clínica o bioquímica de enfermedad hepática, excepto en un caso. Se les practicó biopsia hepática transcutánea, y se encontraron 3 esteatosis hepáticas, 4 coles tas is, 2 hepatitis crónicas persistentes y una cirrosis hepática; los 8 ( 44%) restantes fueron normales. Estos hallazgos muestran que la positividad para anti-VHC puede identificar un grupo de donantes aparentemente sanos con enfermedad hepática subclínica.
Interdepartmental Commission on Countering Extremism in the Russian Federation: scientific and practical aspects of its activities and issues of its optimization
Authors: Vasnetsova Anastasiya Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

The object of the study is public relations related to counteraction to extremist activities. The subject of the study is the organizational and legal basis for its provision, both in modern Russia and in foreign countries. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical study of the fight against extremism and its prevention by the Interdepartmental Commission on Countering Extremism, to study the mechanisms of countering extremism, to analyze the available scientific literature, to develop a theoretical design of the support system. Theoretical and other sources considered together are a common information base that contributes to the achievement of scientific validity and reliability of the formulated provisions. The empirical basis of the study is formed by documents and materials of federal government bodies, public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, information and analytical materials that allow assessing the state and level of protection of the state and society from extremist threats. The methodological basis of the research consists in the use of a set of existing methods of cognition, the basis of which is the dialectical method. General scientific techniques (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) are used in the study of individual issues of the topic. Special legal methods of scientific cognition are also widely used: formal legal, historical legal, comparative legal, structural and functional. The use of a set of methods allowed us to explore the theoretical aspects of countering extremism. The scientific novelty of the study is that it is one of the first scientific papers addressing the issues of the Interdepartmental Commission on Countering Extremism in the Russian Federation by analyzing various aspects of its activities and legal regulation. The article proposes the author's own approaches to the systematic study of problems related to legal regulation and the mechanism for exercising the powers of the Interdepartmental Commission on Countering Extremism in the context of analyzing the essence and issues of implementing specific areas of activity, building interaction with public authorities and public organizations, examines the problems of anti-extremist work, their content and relationship with the operational situation, suggests specific directions for improving legislation and directions for new scientific research in this area.
Prohibition of certain actions as a preventive measure: concept, legal nature
Authors: Filimonova Marina Dmitrievna
Published: October 2024

The study is devoted to problematic aspects of the definition of the concept of "prohibition of certain actions", as well as its legal nature. Since the introduction of the prohibition of certain actions into the mechanism of criminal procedure regulation (Article 105.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation), various aspects of the functioning of the institution in question have been discussed in the scientific community. However, little attention has been paid to the issue of the legal nature and concept of this measure. The existing approaches to definition are reduced either to discussing the nature of procedural restraint or coercion in general, or listing the prohibitions established by Article 105.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, thereby forming the scope, not the content of this term. It seems appropriate to define the concept of "prohibition of certain actions" by establishing its legal nature, basic idea and purpose. The legal nature, the main idea and purpose of the prohibition of certain actions are revealed, the author's understanding of the term is formulated, and the classification model of prohibitions provided for by this measure is determined in the article. Firstly, the purpose of the prohibition of certain actions is to ensure guarantees of compliance with procedural deadlines; prevention of reputational risks during the rehabilitation procedure; reduction of the financial burden of the state budget by optimizing the number of detainees; exclusion of excessive and inappropriate restrictions on individual rights. Secondly, the main idea is to reduce the negative impact of criminal procedural coercion on a person without threatening the effectiveness of criminal proceedings. Thirdly, the scheme of the legal nature of the prohibition of certain actions (from general to particular): legal prohibition – prohibition as an instrument of the mechanism of criminal procedure regulation – prohibition in criminal law (substantive and procedural) – prohibition of certain actions. Fourth, prohibitions (Article 105.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation), depending on their nature, are classified into spatial, communicative and licensing-permissive. Fifthly, the prohibition of certain actions is a method of criminal procedural regulation that performs the deterrent and binding functions of suppressing influence on a suspect (accused) in the interests of criminal justice, which is a legally established minimum possible restriction on freedom of movement (stay), the implementation of licensing and licensing activities and (or) communication of an individual without isolation from society.
Malnutrition post liver transplant
Authors: Glombicki Alan
Published: October 2024

Before undergoing liver transplantation, it is essential for patients to maintain optimal nutrition. Malnutrition is common among individuals with liver disease and can have detrimental effects on the outcome of the surgery. Research has shown that malnourished patients are at higher risk of developing postoperative complications, such as infections, poor wound healing, and longer hospital stays.
The importance of nutritional care in an aging society
Authors: Nakayama Naomi
Published: October 2024

Japan has been facing serious aged society ahead of the world as seniors’ population has exceeded 27%. In this background, there are concepts of conventional life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. The period during which one can live independently without relying on nursing care is called healthy life expectancy and there is about ten years gap exists between these two life expectancies.
Equipamentos de Proteção Individual na pandemia
Authors: Macedo Thaiane Furtado , Silva Marcela Moreira da , Monteiro Cindy Leite , Castro Karla Oliveira de , Moncaio Ana Carolina Scarpel , Silva Luípa Michele
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a documentação publicada nos sítios eletrônicos oficiais do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem e dos Conselhos Regionais de Enfermagem do Brasil sobre a utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual durante a pandemia da covid-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa fundamentada a partir da questão norteadora “o que as principais instituições representativas da enfermagem no Brasil estão divulgando aos profissionais quanto ao uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual na pandemia?”. Resultados: Após a transcrição do conteúdo dos documentos e submissão em um software de análise qualitativa, os dados foram dispostos no formato de dendograma. Três classes textuais foram elaboradas para nortearem a discussão: “classe 1 - aspectos gerais sobre a covid-19”, “classe 2 - manejo e uso correto dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual” e “classe 3 - ações de prevenção para o exercício das atividades em saúde. Considerações finais: As informações dispostas nos documentos analisados possuem uma linguagem clara e acessível. Em contrapartida, os sítios eletrônicos consultados são de acesso complexo e de manuseio não intuitivo, o que dificultou a consulta. Como facilitador, o uso de imagens ilustrativas e link de vídeos explicativos potencializam a compreensão.
Perfil clínico e epidemiológico de usuários com diabetes mellitus atendidos em um município do Estado do Pará
Authors: Milhomem Nayara Lima , Frazão Andrea das Graças Ferreira , Santos Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de usuários com diabetes mellitus atendidos pela estratégia da saúde da família em um município do estado do Pará. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, de caráter descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo. Resultados: A partir da descrição do estudo e da aplicação do questionário, a pesquisa teve um universo pautado em 57 respondentes sendo, desses, 33 indivíduos do sexo feminino (57,89%) e 24 do sexo masculino (42,10%). Na variável raça/cor, no sexo feminino, se autodeclararam como brancas 08 respondentes (25,0%), negras 06 respondentes (18,8%) e pardas 19 respondentes (56,3%). Quanto ao sexo masculino, 05 respondentes (20,8%) se autodeclararam como brancos, 08 respondentes (33,3) como negros e 11 respondentes (45,8%) como pardos. Conclusão: A presente pesquisa trouxe informações atualizadas e relevantes sobre o perfil sociodemográfico de usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde com de Diabetes Mellitus atendidos na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de uma cidade no i
Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of users with diabetes mellitus treated by the family health strategy in a municipality in the state of Pará. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Results: Based on the description of the study and the application of the questionnaire, the research had a universe based on 57 respondents, of which 33 were female (57.89%) and 24 were male (42. 10%). In the race/color variable, among females, 08 respondents declared themselves as white (25.0%), 06 respondents as black (18.8%) and 19 respondents (56.3%) as brown. As for males, 05 respondents (20.8%) declared themselves as white, 08 respondents (33.3) as black and 11 respondents (45.8%) as mixed race. Conclusión: This research brought updated and relevant information about the sociodemographic profile of users of the Unified Health System with Diabetes Mellitus treated in the Family Health Strategy of a city in the interior of the state of Pará. The results present in this study contribute to data and conclusions for professionals and Health Departments when making decisions and interventions to promote public health.
nterior do estado do Pará. Os resultados presentes neste estudo contribuem com dados e conclusões para os profissionais e Secretarias de Saúde frente a tomada de decisões e intervenções para promoção da saúde pública.
A vigilância epidemiológica da paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil
Authors: Petrone Ana Carolina Rocha , Braga Andre Luiz de Souza , Sanchez Maritza Consuelo Ortiz , Nassar Pedro Ruiz Barbosa , Queiroz Johny Carlos de , Christovam Barbara Pompeu , Chrizostimo Miriam Marinho
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Sintetizar, a partir de evidências, a vigilância epidemiológica da paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) no Brasil. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura, que objetivou encontrar estudos voltados para a vigilância da paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil. Desenvolvida nas recomendações PRISMA-ScR. A pergunta norteadora foi: como ocorre o monitoramento epidemiológico da PCM no Brasil no intento de corroborar com medidas mais assertivas no controle do agravo? Selecionou-se estudos indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, nas bases: LILACS e MEDLINE e na SCIELO, utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: “Epidem$”, “Paracoccidioidomicose”, “Paracoccidioidomycosis” e “Brasil”. A busca ocorreu em dezembro de 2023 e incluiu-se estudos originais a partir do ano de 2013. Resultados: Das 298 publicações encontradas, escolheu-se 13 estudos para a análise. Na  maioria, os estudos são da região sudeste, com autores médicos e biólogos. A pesquisa revelou que a notificação compulsória apresenta-se como um benefício eficaz para a vigilância da PCM. Considerações finais: A vigilância epidemiológica da paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil encontra-se fragmentada, devido  a não compulsoriedade de sua notificação. Nos estados em que ela ocorre, observou-se uma similaridade na realização do mapeamento das regiões mais afetadas e o perfil das populações, e ainda capacitações das equipes, qualificando-as para identificar as manifestações e diagnóstico precoce.
Perfil epidemiológico da Sífilis em gestantes na Amazônia legal
Authors: Mota Lucas Magno , Sousa Júnior Célio Pereira de , Silva Marcos Augusto Pires , Cirilo Lucas Venâncio Silva , Taborda Billy Petterson Moreira , Diógenes Sarah Laíssa Silveira , Carneiro Natan Silva , Sena Júnior Antônio Carlos Alves , Lima Sérgio Beltrão de Andrade , Assis Neto Ciro Francisco Moura de
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos casos notificados de sífilis em gestantes (SG) residentes da Amazônia Legal (AL), no período de 2013 a 2022. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico descritivo e com abordagem quantitativa realizado através do levantamento dos casos notificados de SG residentes dos estados que compõem a AL entre 2013 e 2022. Os dados foram coletados do SINAN e do SINASC, e analisados através de estatística descritiva. As variáveis investigadas foram: número de casos, ano de diagnóstico, taxa de detecção, faixa etária e escolaridade das gestantes, classificação clínica, número de testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos. Resultados: Durante o período analisado, foram notificados 68.165 casos de SG na AL. Com exceção do ano de 2020, o número de registros da doença aumentou gradativamente até 2022. Além disso, a taxa de detecção da SG foi crescente durante o período na região e em estados como o Acre foi maior do que a nacional. As mais acometidas foram as de 20 a 39 anos e com ensino fundamental incompleto. A sífilis primária predominou e a maioria dos testes reativos foram não treponêmicos. Conclusão: O estudo revelou que a SG representa um importante problema de saúde pública a ser suplantado na AL.
Global variations in elderly cancer mortality pattern in 2020 & prediction to 2040: A population-based study
Authors: Kalita Manoj , Devaraja M. , Saha Indranil , Chakrabarti Amit
Published: October 2024

Background & objectives

Cancer contributes to decreasing life expectancy, especially in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC) and countries in transition where resources for diagnosis and care are limited. As the world population is ageing, and by 2050, two-thirds of the population in LMIC will be elderly, the greater impact of cancer on the expectation of life in years at a given age of an adult will be seen in these countries.

Methods

Estimated cancer mortality for older adults (60 yr or above) was estimated using statistics available on Globocan 2020 platform (gco.iarc.fr). This platform provided the number of deaths and age‐standardized truncated mortality rates (per 100,000) by sex and continent. We calculated the projected cancer deaths in 2040 by applying the projection model, considering a stable rate.

Results

Globally, with an estimated 7.5 million deaths, cancer deaths in older population represented a total of 71.2 per cent of all cancer-related deaths. The truncated age-adjusted mortality rate among the older population (both sexes) was estimated as 615.1 deaths per 100,000 and the mortality rate was 62.6 per cent higher in elderly (60 yr or above) males as compared to elderly females. The overall future cancer death among the elderly was estimated to increase from 7.05 to 12.7 million deaths, representing a total 80.2 per cent increase in deaths by 2040.

Interpretation & conclusions

The projected mortality increase will challenge existing healthcare systems, especially in lower or lower medium-income countries where resources are limited. Elderly patients are at an elevated risk of adverse outcomes due to the high prevalence of co-morbid conditions. Geriatric oncology will play an important role in the coming years to ensure the overall health and well-being of elderly patients, which needs to be supported by good stratified data on elderly cancer.
Innovative post-traumatic ectropion repair – A case report
Authors: Vishwanath Varun , Vishwanath Ritu Gujarati , Vishwanath Ramesh
Published: October 2024

Eyelid ectropion is the outward turning of the eyelid away from the globe of the eye. Trauma is one of the acquired causes of ectropion. The scar can pull the eyelid and lead to cicatricial ectropion. It causes dryness of the eye, watering, exposure to keratitis, and a great psychological impact on the patient. Correction is needed to protect the eye and improve esthetic appearance. Many treatment modalities, such as regional flaps and transconjunctival flaps, were described earlier which are complex. We present an innovative approach to post-traumatic ectropion repair with simple scar revision and threads.
Лантаноиды в грязевых вулканах Крыма
Authors: Козаренко А.Е. , Мельчаков Ю.Л. , Суриков В.Т.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются валовые концентрации и водорастворимые формы лантаноидов в сопочной глине грязевых вулканов Крыма и в майкопских глинах. В сопочной глине отмечаются повышенные концентрации ряда лантаноидов. Приводится нормирование лантаноидов в сопочных и майкопских глинах к их содержаниям в хондрите, глинах Русской платформы, к верхней части земной коры и нефти. Рассчитан массоэлементоперенос лантаноидов с сопочной грязью в прилегающие ландшафты.

The article considers gross concentrations and water-soluble forms of lanthanides in the volcanic clay of the mud volcanoes of the Crimea and in the Maikop clays. Elevated concentrations of a number of lanthanides are observed in the volcanic clay. The article gives information of valuation of lanthanides in the volcanic and Maikop clays to their contents in chondrite, clays of the Russian platform, to the upper part of the earth's crust and oil. Mass transfer of elements of lanthanides with volcanic mud in the surrounding landscapes is calculated.
Историческая география туризма: теоретические аспекты и опыт рекреационно-туристского районирования России
Authors: Шульгина О.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье представлены теоретические и методологические основы исторической географии туризма. Перечислены главные аспекты историко-географического исследования в сфере туризма. Подчеркнута важность междисциплинарного подхода в научных исследованиях этой сферы. Рассмотрен опыт рекреационно- туристского районирования России второй половины ХХ – начала ХХI века. Приведены и проанализированы примеры наиболее интересных схем районирования.

The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the historical geography of tourism. The main aspects of historical and geographical research in the field of tourism are listed. The importance of an interdisciplinary approach in scientific research in this area is emphasized. The experience of recreational and tourist zoning of Russia in the second half of the XX-beginning of the XXI century is considered. The examples of the most interesting zoning schemes are given and analyzed.
Искусственный интеллект: перспективы социокультурных трансформаций
Authors: Иванюшкин И.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье содержится краткий обзор истории становления наук об искусственном интеллекте. В контексте философии Н.А. Бердяева и М. Хайдеггера говорится о невозможности повторения духовного начала в машине. Отмечается, что в образе искусственного интеллекта на смену человеку приходит онтологически иное, нечеловеческое, машинное бытие. Показана актуальность данной проблемы, рассматривается ее рецепция современными мыслителями в свете наследия философии экзистенциализма.

Based on the ideas of Nikolai Berdyaev and Martin Heidegger author rejects the possibility of spiritual substance in the computer. The main task of artificial intelligence science has declared as irresolvable. Author approves that artificial intelligence is phenomenon by which human can perceive coming of ontologically alien, non-human entity. Article demonstrates the urgency of artificial intelligence issue, reception of this issue in works of modern philosophers by means of existentialism legacy.
оль современного российского гуманитарного образования в преодолении социокультурного кризиса
Authors: Казенина А.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются требования, предъявляемые к современному российскому гуманитарному образованию в условиях социокультурного кризиса. Особое внимание уделяется актуальности реализации деятельностного подхода к обучению в высшей школе в целях достижения образовательных результатов, отвечающих интересам обучающихся и запросам общества.

The article discusses the requirements for modern Russian humanitarian education in a sociocultural crisis. Particular attention is paid by the author of the relevance of the implementation of the activity-based approach to teaching in higher education in order to achieve educational results that meet the interests of students and the needs of society.
Проблемы развития государственно-общественного управления
Authors: Малышева О.Г. , Токарева Е.А. , Кириллов В.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируется готовность общества к государственно-общественному управлению. Описываются результаты исследования особенностей становления и функционирования органов власти и управления Москвы.

Problems of Development of State-Public Management The article analyzes the readiness of the society to the state-public management. Describes results of the study of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the authorities and management of Moscow.
Сравнительный анализ состояния национальных банковских систем России и Канады в условиях макроэкономической нестабильности
Authors: Сидорина Е.А.
Published: October 2024

Цель статьи проведение сравнительного анализа состояния национальных экономик и банковских систем России и Канады на основе оценки в динамике за 20072018 гг. основных макроэкономических индикаторов (ВВП, инфляция, безработица, цены на нефть и др.), а также ключевых показателей развития банковского сектора (активы, собственный капитал, выданные кредиты, банковские депозиты и др.).

The purpose of the research article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the condition of the national economies and banking systems of Russia and Canada on the basis of the assessment in dynamics for 20072018 of the main macroeconomic indicators (GDP, inflation, unemployment, oil prices, etc.), as well as key indicators of the development of the banking sector (assets, equity, loans, Bank deposits, etc.).
Тьюторское сопровождение как инструмент повышения эффективности управления образовательным процессом
Authors: Морозова Е.В.
Published: October 2024

Технология тьюторского сопровождения рассматривается в статье как открытая образовательная система, которая способствует построению индивидуального образовательного маршрута обучающегося. Таким образом тьюторская поддержка, встраиваемая в образовательный процесс, обеспечивает повышение эффективности управления образовательным процессом.

Tutor support technology is considered in the article as an open educational system, which helps to build an individual educational route of the student. Thus, the tutor support embedded in the educational process provides improved educational process management efficiency.
Abiotic factors affect the Phragmites australis productivity in lakes in the south of Western Siberia
Authors:   Institute for Water and Environmental Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zarubina E. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of studying phytomass, stem height and density of thickets (herbage) of Phragmites australis, one of the most common aerial-aquatic plant in the south of Western Siberia. This region is distinguished by a rare combination of chloride, sulfate and soda lakes in a relatively small space. As an eurybiont, reed is highly resistant to water and soil salinity, but high salinity adversely affects its growth and development. The aim of the work was to assess the degree of abiotic factors (pH, mineralization) effect on the quantitative characteristics of reed growing in water bodies with different water mineralization: from 0.005 to 387.6 g/L. In total, we studied 59 freshwater, brackish-water (oligo-, meso- and polyhaline) and hypersaline water bodies, located in various natural zones (southern taiga, forest, forest-steppe, steppe and dry-steppe) in the south of Western Siberia. The studies were carried out in late July – early August from 2012 to 2020 during the period of maximum vegetation of plants. As a result of the studies, it is shown that the optimal for reed growth and development is water mineralization from 0.5 to 5.0 g/L, when the highest values of biomass and plant height are observed. A model based on redundancy analysis (RDA) was built and a correlation analysis was carried out to assess the dependence of phytomass, shoot height and herbage density on abiotic factors. We took into account pH, salinity, and Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42- content. We found that pH and determined by Ca2+ water hardness are the limiting factors in freshwater lakes. In brackish-water meso- and polyhaline, as well as in saline hyperhaline water bodies reed phytomass is affected by a whole range of factors, while shoot height is affected by pH, chlorides, and water hardness, and grass stand density is affected by chlorides and sulfates.
Zoobenthos and zooplankton in small rivers of the Kobra River basin (National park “Koygorodsky”)
Authors:   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Loskutova O. A. , Kononova O. N. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Baturina M. A. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ponomarev V. I. ,   Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The studies were carried out on two small rivers – tributaries of the Kobra River (the Volga River basin), located on the territory of Koygorodsky National Park. The structure, quantitative development of zoobenthos and fauna of benthic invertebrates were studied. Hydrobiological sampling was carried out in June – July 2021. Standard methods were used for sampling. 87 species and taxa of a higher rank of invertebrates were found in the benthic fauna. The most diverse were caddisflies (21), mayflies (21), stoneflies (13) and oligochaetes (12 species). Quantitative development of the zoobenthos of the Kobra River basin is comparable to the average for the rivers of the Vyatka River basin as a whole and was 19 thous. ind./m2 and 74.6 g/m2 in the Suran River, and 14.1 thous. ind./m2 and 19.2 g/m2 in the Mytets River. The chironomids played a leading role in benthic invertebrate communities, and accounted for an average of 26.3–33.4% of the total zoobenthos abundance. Mayfly larvae and leeches dominated in the Suran River by biomass, as well as molluscs and caddisflies – in the Mytets River. The maximum quantitative characteristics were noted on the reaches of both rivers. The development of benthos was much poorer on the riffles. Three rare species from the orders of mayflies, stoneflies and dragonflies were identified. Zooplankton in the small tributaries of the Kobra River was studied using standard methods: in the Suran River on the early June and in the Mytets River – on the end of the July 2021. Plankton fauna was represented by 28 taxa, rotifers and copepods prevailed. Plankton species diversity, abundance and biomass were lower in the Suran River (the beginning of the vegetation season), which indicated the processes of zooplankton formation. The above indicators were higher in the middle of the summer season in the Mytets River, and indicated the stability of plankton communities. The presented data significantly expand the understanding of the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems in the southern taiga zone.
Drained peatlands rewetting as a promising trend for carbon offsets in Russia: legal and economic aspects
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Gordeeva Y. M. ,   Hasselt University, Fursa Yu. V. ,   Center for technologies of sustainable development, Shahmatov K. L. ,   Center for technologies of sustainable development,   Tver State Technical University
Published: October 2024

“Zero” greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most pressing climate protection goals worldwide. The most important questions for the Russian Federation are about the significance and role of the country’s ecological systems in achieving “carbon neutrality”: creating conditions to reduce emissions and increase the GHG absorption by ecosystems, the implementation of natural climate projects to protect the climate in the country, and recognition climate outcomes of such projects at the national and international levels. This article analyzes legal and economic aspects of the emerging trend of Russian drained temperate peatlands rewetting as a new carbon offset strategy. We discuss the regulatory context and evaluate non-climate benefits. Drained peatlands rewetting holds promise for substantial GHG reduction in the country. However, further development of the methodology and alignment with relevant international standards is required for international recognition of the national carbon offset projects focused on drained peatlands rewetting.
Возможности адаптивной селекции на примере нового гибрида РМС 137
Authors: Корниенко А.В. , Скачков С.И. , Семенихина Л.В. , Мельников Ю.Н.
Published: October 2024

В статье изложены результаты государственного испытания гибрида РМС  137 за 2021-2022 гг. и направления исследований в настоящее время и на ближайшую перспективу. Показаны адаптивность, высокая продуктивность РМС 137 в сравнении со стандартом иностранной селекции. Определена перспектива внедрения данного гибрида в производство в числе других достижений отечественной селекции для решения задачи по импортозамещению.

The article presents the results of the state test of the RMS 137 hybrid for 2021-2022. and directions of research at present and in the near future. The adaptability, high productivity of RMS 137 in comparison with the standard of foreign selection are shown. The prospect of introducing this hybrid into production, among other achievements of domestic breeding, was determined to solve the problem of import substitution.
Распространенность болезней корнеплодов сахарной свеклы после фотоактивации семян
Authors: Подвигина О.А. , Гаврилова М.Ю.
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты фитопатологического изучения корнеплодов сахарной свеклы после воздействия на посевной материал лазерным излучением. Проведение лазерной обработки семян в течение 5 и 10 минут стимулировало развитие болезней корнеплодов в полевых условиях, а увеличение времени воздействия до 15 минут снижало распространенность таких болезней, как фузариозное увядание, некроз сосудистых пучков, последействие корнееда, фузариозная  гниль, парша обыкновенная и формирование дупла.

The results of a phytopathological study of sugar beet roots after exposure to seed material with laser radiation are presented. The laser treatment of seeds for 5 and 10 minutes stimulated the development of root diseases in the field, and an increase in the time of laser treatment to 15 minutes reduced the prevalence of such diseases as fusarium wilt, necrosis of the vascular bundles, root beetle aftereffect, fusarium rot, common scab and hollow formation.
Основные этапы и итоги селекционной работы по сахарной свекле
Authors: Сащенко М.Н.
Published: October 2024

Представлены направления селекционных исследований по сахарной свекле и результаты по созданию сортов и гибридов в разные периоды деятельности Рамонской опытно-селекционной станции и Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института сахарной свеклы и сахара.

The directions of breeding research on sugar beet and the results on the creation of varieties and hybrids in different periods of the Ramon Experimental Breeding Station and the All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar are presented.
Продуктивность гибридов сахарной свеклы российской селекции при внесении удобрений в 2022 году
Authors: Минакова О.А. , Александрова Л.В. , Подвигина Т.Н. , Вилков В.М.
Published: October 2024

При повышенном количестве осадков российские гибриды сахарной свеклы способны обеспечить биологическую урожайность на уровне 46–62 т/га. В паровом звене наиболее урожайным был гибрид РМС 129, в клеверном – РМС 121 и РМС 127. На более высоком уровне удобренности в паровом звене урожайности корнеплодов повысилась на 3,9–48,3 % относительно контроля, в клеверном – на 9,4–31,0 %. Наибольшее влияние на продуктивность культуры в обеих звеньях оказала система N190P190K190.

Under high rainfall level conditions, domestic sugar beet hybrids can ensure biological yield of 46-62 ton/ha. The most high-yielding hybrids were: RMS 129 in a fallow link, and RMS 121 and RMS 127 in a clover link. Increase of fertilizing level in the fallow link promoted more considerable improvement of beet root yield, by 3.9-48.3 % as compared to the control; as for the clover link, the improvement was less, by 9.4-31.0 %. The system of N190P190K190 had the greatest influence in both links.
Оценка на продуктивность подсолнечника селекции Тамбовского НИИСХ
Authors: Иванова О.М. , Ветрова С.В.
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты изучения влияния агроклиматических условий на урожайность и другие хозяйственно-ценные признаки новых линий подсолнечника. Экспериментальные данные, полученные в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания отдела селекции подсолнечника Тамбовского НИИСХ – филиал ФГБНУ «ФНЦ им. И.В. Мичурина» в 2019–2021 гг., можно использовать в селекционной работе при подборе родительских форм будущего сорта с учетом изменяющихся морфологических и биологических признаков в условиях ЦЧР.

The results of the study of new sunflower lines on the influence of agro-climatic conditions on yield and other economically valuable signs are presented. Experimental data obtained in the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Sunflower Breeding Department of the Tambov Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences – a branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center in 2019–2021 can be used in breeding work with sunflower in the selection of parental forms of the future variety, taking into account changing morphological and biological characteristics in the conditions of the Central Black-Earth region.