bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los circuitos de la droga. Sus repercusiones en el mundo contemporáneo
Authors: Guillén López Germán , Alvarado Martínez Israel
Published: November 2019

1. Las principales rutas del tráfico de estupefacientes, A) Ruta de la Heroína, B) Ruta de la cocaína, C) Ruta del cannabis o sus derivados, D) Ruta para otros psicotrópicos;

2. Los efectos del tráfico de drogas: sus repercusiones en el mundo y su virtualidad criminógena, A) Los efectos negativos del tráfico de drogas en el mundo contemporáneo, A.1) Los capitales de la droga: un peligro para las instituciones financieras y políticas del mundo, B) El tráfico de drogas un germen que se alimenta de la crisis económica del tercer mundo, C) Los beneficios económicos del tráfico de drogas son una sombra para el sistema financiero internacional, D) El narcotráfico se filtra en las actividades del Estado y en los procesos de privatización de sus empresas;

3. Conclusiones;

4. Bibliografía
Criterios legislativos
Authors: Coronado Manuel de Jesús
Published: November 2019

Estudio de caso
Red Social Online para los abogados
Authors: Valenzuela Miranda Guadalupe Aleida , Mellado Durán Darwin
Published: November 2019

SUMARIO: I. Resumen. II. Introducción. III. Objetivos Generales. IV. Objetivos Específicos. V. Antecedentes VI. Justificación. VII. Relevancia. VIII. Metas. IX. Retos. X. Diseño. XI. Viabilidad. XII. Formación de Recursos Humanos. XIII. Conclusiones. XIV. Bibliografía. XV. Anexos.
La Autonomía de las Entidades Federativas
Authors: Campbell Araujo Héctor Guillermo
Published: November 2019

Del análisis de los artículos de la Constitución relativos al federalismo se colige que en México, resulta más adecuado hablar de "autonomía" de los estados integrantes de la federación que del eufemismo "soberanía interior"; dado que el Federalismo es en sí mismo una forma de descentralización de la actividad Estatal o política, necesaria para su propia existencia y la manera de hacer operativa dicha descentralización es darle autonomía a los Estados Federalizados, para que de esta manera les resulte atractiva su integración al Estado Federal.
Comentarios al artículo “Derecho y Democracia ¿Cuál tendencia para el Derecho Electoral Mexicano?” del Dr. José Roberto Ruiz Saldaña, Número 4 de la Revista Tribuna Sonot, órgano de difusión del Tribunal Estatal Electoral de Sonora
Authors: González Beltrones Adria Velia
Published: November 2019

Buenas tardes apreciados asistentes a este evento en donde se presenta orgullosamente el Número 4 de la Revista Tribuna Sonot, órgano de difusión del Tribunal Estatal Electoral de Sonora, agradezco a su autoridades, la invitación para participar con un breve comentario sobre el artículo denominado, Derecho y Democracia ¿Cuál tendencia para el Derecho Electoral Mexicano? del Dr. José Roberto Ruiz Saldaña, catedrático del Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey en el cual, el autor del artículo en comento hace un análisis del derecho electoral en México cuestionando cual debería ser su tendencia para este nuevo Siglo XXI, pues a su parecer el derecho electoral mexicano aun cuando se encuentra en un estadio bastante aceptable en materia federal, lamentablemente su desarrollo se ha circunscrito al ámbito político partidista, sosteniendo como su punto de partida para su análisis que la administración y jurisdicción en materia electoral no solo debe concretarse a los procesos de elecciones internas de participación política y de procesos de elección constitucionales sino también sobre procesos electivos de otras instituciones incluso del ámbito privado, trayendo en este aspecto a la memoria a Luigi Ferrajoli que señala que en nuestro contexto habría que tener presente la gran cantidad de organizaciones de índole financiera como lo son asociaciones de padres de familia, deportivas, artísticas, científicas entre otras, las que en su mayoría, si bien no son totalmente ajenas a un proceso democrático en la elección de sus dirigentes, si se alejan bastante de ello.
¿Qué es transparencia?
Authors: Ramírez Villaescusa Rafael
Published: November 2019

El reciente proceso de consolidación democrática experimentado por México en la última década ha estado acompañado de una serie de políticas públicas encaminadas a fortalecer la participación ciudadana dentro de la toma de decisiones, así como la rendición de cuentas gubernamental. Una de esas acciones consistió en la promulgación, durante el sexenio del Presidente Fox, de la Ley Federal de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública Gubernamental. Lo anterior, además, se inscribió en el contexto de un movimiento global a favor del derecho a saber, impulsado por diversas organizaciones internacionales. Parece ser que la transparencia llegó para quedarse, lo cual no significa que la tarea de consolidación y desarrollo democrático haya terminado. El presente artículo forma parte de una serie de entregas que pretenden aportar una visión interdisciplinaria del concepto. Corresponde esta primera colaboración a un análisis descriptivo de la transparencia a partir de su dimensión jurídica.
Improvement of VO2 max in Patient with Restrictive Pulmonary Disorder after Deep Breathing Exercise
Authors: Nurhasanah Lisa , Setiawati Erna , Isma AP Rahmi
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Restrictive pulmonary disorder is reducing VO2 max values. It can be caused by lung can’t take oxygen from outside air freely. Pulmonary rehabilitation is known to increase the VO2 max. One of the pulmonary rehabilitation is deep breathing exercise. In this study aimed to know the improvement VO2 max after deep breathing exercise.
Methods: This was an experimental without control pre and post-experimental study. The Six Minutes Walking Test (6MWT) was measured in patients with restrictive pulmonary disorder, after deep breathing exercise two times a day, for four weeks in May 2018.
Results: Fifteen subjects were recruited, with the mean age was 70,76 ± 5,33 years old, 6MWT was 375,13 ± 44,19 m and VO2 Max 31,61±0,86 ml/kg/minute. After four weeks intervention, 6MWT value was 401±44,57 m (p=0.000) and VO2 Max score was 32,11±0,87 ml/kg/minute (p=0.000).
Evaluation of Swallowing Disorder in Ischemic Stroke Patients By Flexible Endoscopic
Authors: Indah Lestari Nur , Kusumaningsih Widjajalaksmi , Harris Salim , Tamin Susyana , Asti Werdhani Retno
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Dysphagia is one of the complications of stroke and closely associated with increasing of aspiration pneumonia. Evaluation of dysphagia was necessary to prevent pneumonia due to aspiration has effectively done by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).
Methods: The study was a cross sectional study with convenience sampling. The subjects were stroke outpatients from July to December 2018. The FEES was conducted to assess the swallowing dysfunction and the data were collected.
Results: There was six post ischemic stroke subjects, mean age (SD) was 55.17 (9.13) years and 4 subjects were male. All subjects had standing secretion in pre-swallowing assessment. 3 subjects used nasogastric tube (NGT) to fulfill the intake safely. In swallowing assessment, all subjects had residue at vallecula and/or pyriformis sinus. 2 subjects had penetration only and 4 subjects had penetration with aspiration. There was inadequate cough reflex in 2 subjects.
The Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Neuromuscular Disorders: Review Article
Authors: Hariza Okta , Lasmitasari Budiati , Chandra Widjanantie Siti , Nusdwinuringtyas Nury
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Progressive inspiratory muscles weakness in neuromuscular disorders (NMD) can lead to respiratory impairments, from restrictive lung to respiratory failure. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an exercise with a device to increase inspiratory muscles strength and/or endurance. This article was aimed to review the effect and prescription of IMT in NMD subjects.
Methods:
Searching method was done in PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords: “inspiratory muscle training” AND “neuromuscular disorders” AND “MIP” OR “PImax”.
Results:
Seven related studies were found. These studies shown that IMT increased inspiratory muscles strength and/or endurance in chronic progressive NMD. Most studies used threshold type. The intensities varied from 30% through 70% of maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), minimum twice a day. The repetition for strengthening was 10 times with 20-seconds rest between repetitions. Endurance trainings were done in 10 cycles of 1-minute breathing or for total 20 m inutes.
Conclusion: Several evidences reported that IMT significantly improve strength and endurance of inspiratory muscles in chronic progressive NMD. It was effective in earlier phase of NMD. The minimum load intensity was 30% MIP.
Medical Rehabilitation of Glioblastoma Multiform: Case Report
Authors: Ajoe Kesoema Tanti , M Martin
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Glioblastoma Multiform (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Early rehabilitation program is needed to increasing the independency and the quality of life.
Methods:
Case presentation of a woman, age 31 years, diagnosed with GBM. Subject has chronic headache by visual analog scale (VAS) was 5 to 6 and progressive of vision loss (0/0), short and intermediate memory loss, the average of limb strength by manual muscle test were four, and immobilization on bed since one and half year. The first day after craniotomy, patient has Rehabilitation Program; cryotherapy for decreased the pain, therapeutic exercise, and cognitive stimulation exercise for 5 week.
Results:
After 5 weeks of rehabilitation program, patient has reduced the pain measured by VAS was 0, improved the memory, and be able to ambulation
Conclusion: Patient post GBM post craniotomy need to have comprehensive rehabilitation program to reduce pain, improve memory and ambulation.
Rehabilitation Medicine in Pellegrini-Stieda Syndrome with Myositis Ossificans and Neglected Patella Fracture
Authors: Untung Handayanto Ronni , Ajoe Kesoema Tanti
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Pellegrini-Stieda Syndrome (PSS) is calcification of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). The manifestation are restricted motion and pain of the knee. PSS usually associated with trauma or repeated strain.
Methods:
A case report of 30 year old physically active men has a severe stiffness and pain on the left knee while walking for six months. He had neglected trauma 9 years ago. There were antalgic gait, mild swelling, warm, and tenderness on medial aspect, restricted range of motion (ROM) by pain on the left knee; flexion 150. The knee X-Ray has shown the myositis ossificans and Pellegrini-Stieda lesion. Subject had undergone Rehabilitation Program, i.e. progressive gradual motion exercise and cryotherapy
Results:
There were reduced of pain, and increase the Left knee PROM were 15º restricted of extension and 30º flexion, became 8ºrestricted of extension and 55º flexion, after one month of program.
Conclusion: Pellegrini-Stieda Syndrome (PSS) is a possible complication in major knee trauma. The patient showed improvements in pain, and ROM after one month of rehabilitation programs.
Improvement of Hand Motor Function after Radial Shock Wave Therapy in Chronic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kamaluddin K M. , Setiawati Erna , Kesoema Tanti Ajoe
Published: November 2019

IIntroduction:
The Radial Shock Wave Therapy (RSWT) expected could improve spasticity and hand function in chronic stroke patients. This study aimed to find out the improvement of hand function after RSWT as an additional therapy in chronic stroke patients.
Methods:
Design study was a randomized controlled trial, in December 2018. The patients were assigned randomly to the experimental group (Infrared, Stretching, and RSWT) and control group (Infrared and Stretching) for six weeks. Hand motor function was measured using Fugl-Meyer Motor Assesment (FMA) before and after intervention.
Results:
The median values of wrist FMA scores in the experimental and control group before and after intervention were 2 vs 5 (p=0.001) and 3 vs 4 (p<0.001) respectively. The median values of hand FMA scores in the experimental and control group before and intervention were 4 vs 6 (p=0,.001) and 4 vs 5 (p<0.001). However, the delta between before and after intervention was higher in experimental group.
Conclusion: The improvement of wrist and hand FMA scores after added treatment by RSWT was tend to higher.
Diurnal variation of the chemical composition and its repercussion on the biological activity polyphenolics of Salvia officinalis aerial parts
Authors: Rguez Safa , Msaada amel , Hammami Majdi , Remadi Mejda Daami , Chayeb Ikbel , Ksouri Riadh , Hamrouni-Sellami Ibtissem
Published: November 2019

This study reported the diurnal variation of the chemical composition and biological activities of phenolic compounds of Salvia officinalis cultivated in Tunisia. The HPLC determination of different phenolic compounds showed that the amounts of total polyphenols reach its maximum at 7 am. Estimation of the antioxidant activity of different methanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis showed that the extract of 5 pm had the most effective antiradical power against DPPH and the best iron reducing capacity. The strongest total antioxidant capacity was recorded for extracts of 12 and 5 pm. The methanol extracts of sage also have a capacity to reduce the appetence of Spodoptera littoralis larvae. This activity did not vary with the harvesting time.
An ISSR-based genetic diversity analysis of Malus sieversii in Tienshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China and Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Yang Meiling , Che Shiyou , Long Hong , Yan Guorong , Yu Weiwei
Published: November 2019

Malus sieversii constitute a valuable genetic resource in wild apple ecosystems. The aim of this study was to use inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers as an accessible tool to investigate the genetic diversity in Malus sieversii species. The experimental materials include 34 samples from Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang of China. A total of 125 bands and 98 polymorphic bands were amplified using 47 ISSR primers. The polymorphism rate was 78.4%. The genetic similarity coefficient of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang of China population was 0.68; the genetic similarity coefficient of various populations in Xinjiang was 0.72~0.94. The samples in same population got into a category, but some samples in faraway geographic locations have cross clustering. Geographical isolation hindered the gene exchange of Malus sieversii in different populations for a long time, and Malus sieversii developed along the natural selection environment direction and generate genetic differentiation after that.
Iranian traditional medicine and Medicinal plants
Authors: Dizaji Reza Esmaeelzadeh , kehkhaie Ashrafali Rezaie , khammar Mohammad Taqi , shirazinia Reza
Published: November 2019

Traditional medicine is a general word referring to both tradiotional medicine systems and to Native medicine. Iranian traditional medicine is a great history of medicine and pharmacy.to inform the importance of Iranian traditional medicine we may state great evidences such as: Makhzan-ol-advie by Aghili (18th century, Tehran University of Medical Science Press), canon of medicine by Avicenna (10th and 11th centuries, Beirut publication) and Al-shamel by Gharashi (13th century, Caltural foundation Publication) etc. this valuable books and manuscripts refers us the great position of research,science and expertise in the Iranian traditional medicine.medicinal plants so far have been more noticed due to their desirable therapeutic properties and also the lesser rate of adverse effects. The importance of medicinal plants is highlighted in traditional medicine too. despite all evaluations on the herbal plants and their pharmacologic effects more investigations is needed to inform the world about this valuable topic of micine and pharmacy. The importance of iranian traditional medicine and herbal plants made us to make an interview on these pure and precious fields of medicine.
Curcumina: Vegetable pigment with pharmacological activities and possible therapeutic applicabilities
Authors: PR Silva , CH Rodrigues , TP Nascimento , RMB Costa , Alf Porto
Published: November 2019

This study reported the application of curcumin, a vegetable pigment from Curcuma longa that has several proven therapeutic actions such as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, among others. In addition, the increasing development of curcumin-based formulations such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles or phospholipid complexes and even associated with photodynamic therapy has provided more preclinical and clinical testing. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the use and latest pharmacological research on the benefits of curcumin for health.

Curcumine; Pharmacological activities; Nanoformulations; Curcuma longa
Effect of paclobutrazol on fruit quality and physio-chemical composition of Mango cvs. Dashehari, Langra, Chausa and Fazri
Authors: Kumar Ashok , CP Singh , Ram Sant
Published: November 2019

Soil application of Paclobutrazol (applied as a cultar of 0.5 g/ meter canopy diameter and 1.0 g/meter canopy diameter) evaluated as a method is slightly increased TSS, Acidity tolal sugar, non-reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, ?-carotene, Ascorbic Acid compare to control. However, the treatment is better in higher doses (1gm/meter canopy diameter) compare lower doses (O.5 gm / meter canopy diameter). The chemical name Poclobutrazol [(2 RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenly)-4, 4- dimethyl -2-[1,2,4-trizol -1-y)] pentan-3-ethanol.
Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Stem Extracts of Ageratum conyzoides (Linn) on Some Clinical Isolates
Authors: Mary Oluchi Iwuagwu , Constance Ogbonna Nneka , Lilian Okechukwu Chikodi
Published: November 2019

Phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of leaf and stem extracts of Ageratum conyzoides on four clinical isolates, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas areuginosa were investigated. Filtrates from ethanol extract of each of the powdered samples of the leaves and stem of A. conyzoides were evaporated to thick residues. 1 g each of these residues was dissolved in 5 ml of distilled water followed by double dilution to obtain concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml. Ciprofloxacin and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Antibacterial activity was assayed using Agar-well diffusion technique while the MIC was determined from the curve of square of radius diameter of inhibition against log concentration of the extract. Results showed that the leaf and stem of A. conyzoides contain comparable amounts of the phytochemicals with higher contents of flavonoid (0.97-0.98 %), saponin (0.97-0.98 %), and alkaloids (0.90 %) than tannin (0.187-0.188 %) and phenol (0.022 %). The extracts of A. conyzoides showed concentration-dependent activity against all the test bacterial isolates. The test organisms were found to be susceptible to the extracts at concentration of ? 50 mg/ml except S. typhi and P. aeruginosa that were susceptible to the stem extract at ?25 and ?100 mg/ml, respectively, whereas, for ciprofloxacin, some were susceptible even at very low concentration of 6.25 mg/ml. The MIC values were in the range of 69.18-75.86 mg/ml, 36.3-144.54 mg/ml and 7.59-38.0 mg/ml for the leaves and stem extracts and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The extracts could therefore be used as a broad spectrum antibacterial agent.
Response of Plant Hormone bioassay to Paclobutrazol
Authors: Kumar Ashok , CP Singh , Ram Sant
Published: November 2019

Quantitative estimation of a known or suspected biologically active substance (such as a hormone or drug) by measuring its effect on a living organism in standard conditions is known as bioassay. The interaction of gibberellic acid (GA3) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) in lettuce hypocotyl bioassay and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and paclobutrazol in radish cotyledon enlargement test that paclobutrazol counteracts gibberellin activity when applied exogenously. The radish cotyledon enlargement at low concentration without counteracting BAP action. The reduction of growth to be counteracting of gibberellin activity by paclobutrazol as well as its cytokinin well activity at lower concentration which indicate concentration of gibberellins activity as evidence by their respective bioassay in the present investigation. Paclobutrazol slightly increased radish cotyledon growth at low concentration (up to 0.01 ppm) and could not counteract the growth caused by 1.0 ppm BAP at its 0.001 to 1.0 ppm concentrations suggesting independent effect of paclobutrazol to that of BAP. Furthermore, the activity of paclobutrazol was tested in corn root curvature test and it was found that PBZ concentrations from 0.001 to 10.0 ppm linearly increased the percentage of corn roots showing more than 90° curvature. Therefore, suggession that PBZ conutracted GA3, induced growih and also as IAA and cytokinin at lower concentration0.001 to 100ppm.
The Physiological Changes During Pregnancy
Authors: Franjic Sinisa
Published: November 2019

Every adult woman is responsible for their body, and the decisions they make have an impact on their life and their health. However, there are times in life, pregnancy, when a person is deeply responsible for a new life in development. Safe signs of pregnancy are the presence of a fetus seen by ultrasound, listening to heart tones, touching parts of the fetal body and the presence of pregnancy hormones in the urine. After fertilization, measurable concentrations of hCG begin to emerge in the body after 7-10 days, which can be evidenced from the urine or blood of the woman. The immunological tests used today are mostly based on the use of latex particles. The presence of Human chorionic gonadotropin, the polypeptide beta subunit of which is used to prove pregnancy (abbreviated b-hCG) at a concentration of 25 mIU in the urine of a woman, equivalent to a period between the fourth and fifth weeks of pregnancy, can be demonstrated. A planned pregnancy presupposes a series of procedures that will contribute to the proper and complete development of the embryo. Each stage of pregnancy brings certain biological changes in the body of the woman. Pregnancy should last a minimum of 37 weeks, but it can take up to 42 weeks.
Demons meigs’ syndrome secondary to begnin brenner tumor with high ca125 plasmatic level: first case described in kara teaching hospital
Authors: AS Aboubakari , T Dossouvi , KE Logbo-Akey , DR Ajavon , M Dagbé , T Darré , K Akpadza
Published: November 2019

To report the first case of Demons-Meigs’ syndrome secondary to benign Brenner tumor with high CA125 plasmatic level managed in kara teaching hospital. A 40-year-old female patient was admitted with a 6-month history of abdominal distension. Clinical examination found abdomino-pelvic mass and declive dullness. Abdominal ultrasound found heterogeneous abdomino-pelvic mass of 180 mm in length and a large free ascites. Pelvic computorized tomography scan found heterogeneous extra-uterine mass of 180 mm in length, large ascites without pelvic or lombo-aortic lymphadenopathy or tumoral extension. Front thorax X-ray found bilateral pleural effusion; CA125 plasmatic level was 1138 IU/ml. Median laparotomy allow to aspire 2 liters of ascitic fluid and to perform left adnexectomy. Histological examination of surgery sample diagnosed begnin ovary Brenner tumor. Outcome after surgery was without complications with disappearance of ascites and pleural effusion, and CA125 plasmatic level back to normal value. Demons-Meigs’ syndrome is a rare benign ovarian tumor whose symptoms looks like ovarian cancer. Its fundamental characteristic is the disappearance of symptoms after ovarian tumor removal.
Alternative combined surgical treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapsed
Authors: VA Seikina , NA Zharkin , NA Burova , SA Prohvatilov
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the rate of satisfactory outcomes of surgery on women with severe genital prolapse using fast-track surgery including an improved method of combined surgical treatment.

Materials and methods: The study included 60 women with severe forms of pelvic organ prolapse. The average age of patients with POP-Q II was 56.4 (20 women from 52 to 63), those with POP-Q III-59.4 (40 patients from 54 to 68).

Results: A new method of combination surgery for severe forms of pelvic organ prolapse using abdominal mesh and native tissues was developed. The following parameters were evaluated as objective criteria for effectiveness of treatment: duration of surgery, amount of blood loss, postoperative complications, time until and forms of pelvic organ prolapse recurrence: their number, variety, relapse stage, time of relapse. The average duration of surgery was 120 min. The average blood loss was 200 ml. There were 6 cases of early postoperative complications. The rate of relapses was 2%. An analysis of outcomes indicates high effectiveness of treatment and recovery of pelvic organ function. Thus, this method can be recommended for surgical treatment of combined forms of severe genital prolapse.
Persisting teen age births, a global challenge
Authors: S Chhabra
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Teen age births, though have reduced, are still common, with a lot of impact on mothers’, babies’, families’, communities’, nations’ health, world at large. Impact can echo throughout girl’s life, carry over to next generations. It has been revealed that globally unmarried adolescents have less access to family planning than general population and sex during adolescence is common with lack of awareness of sequlae in girls, specially in South East Asia.

Objectives: To know about teen age births, effects, global challenges in prevention of teen age births, their sequlae.

Methodology: Simple review about various studies, health providers views was done by different search engines like Uptodate, Pubmed, Ermed Consortium, Cochrane Library, Delnet, MedIND and self experiences were added.

Results: Racial/ethnic geographic disparities in teen births persist, both within, across Countries, States, Districts, Communities, some with low rates and others with high. United States of America (USA) reported much higher teen age births compared to other developed countries though declined after 1991 dramatically between 2007 and 2016 as per published research using National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and Youth Risk Behaviour Survey in USA. Change was influenced primarily by increase in contraceptive use, to lesser degree declines in sexual activity. It was also revealed that in all countries, unmarried adolescents appeared to have less access to family planning than general population of. USA Teenage pregnancy has been reported to be associated with number of adverse health outcomes for mother, baby as well as social economic disadvantages for individuals, their future families even next generations. Existing literature suggested that the persistence of teen age births and many other aspects of girls lives reflected range of cultural, socio-economic factors.

Conclusion: There is need of Improving adolescents awareness about sexuality, reproduction, sequlae. Access to contraceptives as per need, including emergency conception are essential. Public youth policies must consider the differences in stories of adolescents. Policies programs’ must go around their lives.
Interferon-beta, but not Glatiramer Acetate treatment induces gender-specific increase in BDNF serum levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis female patients
Authors: Sartori Arianna , Metelli Giuliana , Polacchini Alessio , Bratina Alessio , Manganotti Paolo , Tongiorgi Enrico
Published: November 2019

Neuroprotection is considered a major therapeutic target in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Accordingly, current disease modifying drugs (DMDs) for MS have been revaluated for their ability to stimulate production of neurotrophic factors that may provide support to neural cells against neurodegeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered the best candidate for such neuroprotective effects in MS. In the present study, we explored a potential effects of Glatiramer Acetate (GA), and Interferon-beta (IFN-b), the first two available treatments of MS, on circulating levels of BDNF considering the different BDNF forms. Using ELISA assays, we quantified mature and total BDNF in the serum of 20 relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients treated with GA and 31 with INF-beta compared with 20 age-matched RR-MS patients without any DMD. Mature BDNF but not total BDNF was significantly increased by treatment with IFN-b in female patients only, while GA had no effect. These results support a gender-specific role of BDNF in the treatment of RR-MS with INF-b. Of note, the present study was carried out with standardized ELISA assays which are commercially available and, prospectively, might be routinely used in the common clinical practice to monitor the individual response to the therapy with IFN-b.
From victimhood to hubs of (trans)formation and local agency: Re-imagining poor urban communities
Authors: Kabongo Kasebwe T.L.
Published: November 2019

This article was written from the perspective of a black African who has been unfairly subjected to colonialism, apartheid and neo-colonialism. This African is learning to simultaneously blame others for mistakes committed against him and interrogate his own agency in being an answer to his own prayers. He has observed that communities of poverty are usually seen as undesirable. As a consequence of this, most of its residents prefer to move away, if they have the option of doing so. This article explored the concept of thin places as a vehicle to nurture agency amongst people living in communities of poverty such as Soshanguve. It uses the narrative approach of storytelling to recount particular past events and present ones as a tool to cultivate a ‘can-do attitude’ in ordinary people. The goal is to raise agents of hope who will bring good news to their neighbours and anybody else, using biblical principles as a critical tool in their toolkit. Communities of poverty are usually seen as undesirable. As a consequence, most of its residents prefer to move out, if they have the choice to do so. This article reflects on the efforts of a missional team, InnerCHANGE, to help residents of the township of Soshanguve migrate from a victim mentality to become agents of their own hope. It uses a theology of place that alludes to concepts of thin places which challenges ordinary people to become participants in the flourishing of lives around them. A reflection on agency influenced by the Black Consciousness Movement and other African scholars gave context, meaning and relevance to such a theology of place. Stories of agency from Africa are remembered and retold to inspire ordinary people. Some of the latter have taken to heart these inspirational stories and have been transformed into agents. This article calls such people transformation agents. A conclusion was made that the Church needs to continue playing its prophetic role in society. Such a role could entail reminding people of existing assets they may have such as stories told around them of people who defied the normal victim mentality seen in poor communities and actively built thin places around them.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article was based on the field of missiology. It engaged historical facts (history) in a way that could nurture and develop agency in ordinary people. It challenges a general apathy towards community involvement found within the body of Christ located in South African communities of poverty.
Managing an elusive force? The Holy Spirit and the anointed articles of Pentecostal prophets in traditional religious Africa
Authors: Banda Collium
Published: November 2019

The use of anointed objects among African Pentecostal prophets as instruments of taping the power of the Holy Spirit is analysed from a perspective of the personality and divinity of the Holy Spirit and the use of magical charms in African traditional religions (ATRs). The main question answered in this article is the following: what does the use of anointed objects among African neo-Pentecostal prophets reveal about the underlying understanding of the Holy Spirit? It is argued that the use of anointed objects to tap into the Spirit’s power treats the Spirit as an elusive power that is controlled magically. It is further argued that in Africa, the use of anointed objects resonates with the use of magical charms in ATR. The Christian reliance on anointed objects is challenged by looking at some aspects of the divinity and personality of the Holy Spirit. The significant contribution of the article lies in challenging African Pentecostals to relate to the Holy Spirit as a personal divine being instead of an elusive impersonal force that could be mastered only by anointed objects.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article uses the disciplines of systematic theology, ATRs and biblical theology to analyse the undermining of the personality and divinity of the Holy Spirit among African Pentecostal prophets by their using anointed objects as instruments of conveying the Holy Spirit’s presence and power in believer’s life and activities.
Reproducibility of the Corrosion Resistance of UNS S32205 and UNS S32304 Stainless Steel Reinforcing Bars
Authors: Ogunsanya I.G. , Hansson C.M.
Published: November 2019

One strategy to address the 75-year service life requirement of a number of highway bridge design codes is the use of more corrosion-resistant reinforcement. Over the last few decades, many stainless steel grades have become available for reinforcing concrete. Of these, two duplex alloys, UNS S32205 and UNS S32304, have become the preferred choices for major highway structures in North America. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the consistency, or variability, of the corrosion performance of bars of these grades from different steel manufacturers. Metallography, chemical analysis, corrosion resistance, and corrosion product evaluation were used to evaluate the bars. It was found that micropits exist to varying degree in the as-received conditions of these bars and that was the most dominant factor in determining the corrosion performance of the bars.
Institutional Ownership and Disclosure of Forward-Looking Information: Evidence From Egypt
Authors: Eldeen Eman M. Saad
Published: November 2019

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between institutional ownership (IO) and the extent of forward-looking information (FLI) disclosure, by companies listed in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (ESE) for the year 2017. A sample comprising 34 companies was chosen from the most active 50 Egyptian listed companies in the ESE. To attain study objective, an index comprises 23 financial and non-financial items has been developed to measure disclosure level by sample companies. The descriptive analysis reveals a weak disclosure of future information by Egyptian listed companies ranging from 0.17 to 0.58, which indicates high variation in future disclosure among sampled companies. Moreover, the correlation analyses shows a positive strong significant correlation between the future looking disclosure level and institutional ownership, and also a positive moderately significant correlation between future looking disclosure and both audit firm and firm age. However, there is no significant correlation between future information disclosure and both firm size and industry type.
Science, As a Universal Tale
Authors: Falsafi Hossein
Published: November 2019

In This thesis I will account from inductivism and its problem and its successors like falsificationism, structures ofscience and against method, at first; and then, I will prove that “science is a tale.”
Factors Associated With Access, Utilization, and Level of Satisfaction With Primary Health Care Services in Hafar Al-batain City of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Sabah T , Alzghool Muneeb M
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Primary Health Care (PHC) Services in Saudi Arabia has reportedly been poorly accessed and utilized. Another concern is that the kingdom has to be strategic in reducing inequalities that exist between rural and urban communities. At present, there were limited scientific studies on access, utilization, and satisfaction of PHC services in areas most central to the kingdom.

AIM: The aim of this study is to explore the factors associated with access, utilization, and level of satisfaction with primary health care services in Hafar Al-batain of Saudi Arabia.

METHOD: A survey was conducted on June to August 2018 and data were gathered from June to August 2018. A self-report questionnaire was used which asked for the participants’ characteristics, organization factors, financial factors, doctor-patient communication, access, utilization, satisfaction to PHC services and barriers were distributed to the different health centers. A total of 384 PHC receivers served as respondents of the study. Data analysis were processed and Chi-square was used to analyse quantitative data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Ver. 21. Thematic analysis was used in analysing qualitative data.  

RESULTS: Findings showed that 50% of the total respondents were satisfied to some extent with the PHC services. On the other hand, only 39.7% were completely satisfied. Organizational, financial and doctor-patient communication factors were found to be barriers to PHC services in terms of access and utilization. Gender, age and educational level were found to influence perceived satisfaction towards PHC services. Themes relevant to barriers to PHC services were relevant to inadequate facilities and services, inaccessible location and access of health services, lack of specialized health care workers and services, poor observance of therapies and management, and insufficient implementation of policy and protocols.

CONCLUSION: Health care services in Hafar Al-batin were found satisfying to some extent but were found to have areas which needs improvement which are relevant to factors in the organizational, finance, doctor patient communication and health promotion and prevention.
Information and Communication Technologies in Inclusive Education: Selected Practices in Asia
Authors: Cao Chau T. M.
Published: November 2019

Inclusive education has grown from the belief that education is a basic human right, and that it provides the foundation for a more just society. All learners have a right to education, regardless of their individual characteristics or difficulties (UNESCO, 2003). The educational needs of people with disabilities (PWD) are diverse. They need to acquire the fundamental knowledge that enables survival in society under the specific demands caused by functional limitations that hinder participation in ordinary education systems. In this setting, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are indeed a powerful tool to support education and the inclusiveness of the PWD. This paper will review the use of ICTs in education for PWD in an inclusive education setting, with the aim to explore the different possible uses of ICTs in inclusive education for PWD in the Asia region.
The effects of time-variance on impedance measurements: examples of a corroding electrode and a battery cell
Authors: Murer Nicolas , Diard Jean-Paul , Petrescu Bogdan
Published: November 2019

When performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on a system, we must make sure it fulfills certain conditions. One of them is that it should be stationary that is to say, steady-state and time-invariant. Commonly studied systems are time-variant, for example a corroding electrode or a battery under operation. A corroding electrode sees its polarization resistance decrease with time. A passivating electrode sees its polarization resistance increase with time. These phenomena cause a deformation of the Nyquist impedance at low frequencies. This result was first simulated and validated by experimental measurements on a corroding steel sample undergoing uniform cor­rosion. The effect of performing impedance measurements on a discharging battery was also shown. Several methods are available to check and correct time-variance. The non-stationary distortion (NSD) indicator is used to separate valid and invalid data samples and the so called “4D impedance” method can easily produce instantaneous impedance data.
Gilbert Simondon’s Philosophy in the Light of Some Notions of Georges Canguilhem
Authors: Carrozzini Giovanni ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

This article will maintain that the onset of Simondon’s interest in the philosophy of Nature, examined in his thèse principale, “L’individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d’information” (“Individuation in the Light of the Notions of Form and Information”) and for philosophy of technics, analysed in his thèse complémentaire, “Du mode d’existence des objets techniques” (“On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects”), lies in his personal acquaintance with Canguilhem and in particular the reading of his Knowledge of Life, published in 1952. I will demonstrate that the element connecting Simondon’s interest in individuality and his interest in the philosophy of technics can be found in the influence of the following Canguilhemian subjects: 1) the role of vitalist anti-reductionism; 2) the necessity to inaugurate a “biological philosophy of technics”; and 3) the understanding of the concept of milieu in relation to individuality.
From Life to Matter
Authors: Bardin Andrea ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

Simondon’s philosophy of individuation attacks the opposition between liberty and necessity, a key institution of the supposed ontological “difference” between the human being and nature in most of modern political thought. Distinguishing between ontological and epistemological determinism, I will show the political significance of Simondon’s refusal to either reduce human beings to natural determinism or save their alleged metaphysical nature. Simondon inherits part of his critical programme and a good deal of the tools he uses to construct it from Georges Canguilhem. My reading starts from an enigma concerning quantum mechanics that Canguilhem jotted down on paper while involved in the Second World War antifascist struggle. I will suggest that Simondon’s philosophy exposes the two equally anthropomorphic understandings of nature shared by fascism and technocracy. This will allow me to explain the ideological function that voluntarism and human engineering can jointly perform by reinforcing and exploiting the apparent opposition between liberty and necessity, on the basis of their complementary teleological justification for political action.
INDONESIAN TERM OF ADDRESS USTAD IN FILM UTTERANCES: FORMS, FUNCTIONS, AND SOCIAL VALUES
Authors: Nugraha Sandy , Triwinarti Wiwin
Published: November 2019

This study analyzes the term of address ustad in Indonesian culture. Indonesia’s religious-themed movies may represent the use of the term of address ustad in daily conversation. In particular, this study aims to describe the patterns of form, the patterns of use, and the social values of the term of address ustad in film utterances. The data of the term of address ustad and its contexts are collected from the utterances in Indonesia’s four Islamic-themed movies. This descriptive qualitative study uses sociopragmatics approach in identifying the functions of the term of address in film discourse. The context of the utterances that contain the term of address ustad is identified using Hymes’ (1972) S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G model. This study concludes that: (1) form patterns of the term of address ustad include incomplete form ‘Stad’; title ‘Ustad’; kinship term + title, e.g. ‘Pak Ustad’, and title + personal name, e.g. ‘Ustad Syamsul’; (2) the term of address ustad has two functions: showing respect and showing closeness; (3) there are six characteristics of people who are commonly addressed as ustad in Indonesia, including Quran private teachers, prayer leaders, teachers in pesantrens (Islamic boarding schools), Islamic preachers in mosques, Islamic preachers in television shows, and pesantren leaders in villages; (4) the terms of address ustad is a title held at any time regardless of the situation. An ustad is still addressed as ustad even though he is not preaching at that moment.
THE LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL DECREES
Authors: Wulandari Desty , Datang Frans Asisi
Published: November 2019

President has an authority to establish policies in order to run the government, one of which is through Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Presidential Decree). As written documents, the Decrees have language development which can be seen from the writing patterns. Therefore, this study aims to examine the writing patterns of Decrees from time to time to support forensic linguistic study, such as document forgery analysis. We took sixteen Presidential Decrees from 1945 to 2018 as the data then analyzed them by using qualitative method. The data were obtained from the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia and the official website of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia (www.sipuu.setkab.go.id). This study indicates that language development in Indonesian Presidential Decrees is found in the structure of the Decrees, diction, and sentence structure. On the Decree structure, 1945 and 1946 Decrees contain one long sentence to explain the intent, whereas in the 1947—2018 Decrees, intents are elaborated in several clauses. Additionally, there are various types of diction used in the consideration sections. On the syntax, various types of sentences can be found in the Decrees. 1940s Decrees contain simple sentences and complex sentences while 1950s—2010s Decrees contain simple sentences, complex sentences, compound sentences, and mixed sentences.
INDONESIA’S CULTURAL RESILIENCE RESPONSES TO CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVES: SEI MANGKEI SEZ AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mutia R. Tuty Nur , De Archellie Reynaldo , Darmojuwono Setiawati
Published: November 2019

Humans construct various strategic actions and produce cultural products to overcome life problems during certain situations. In the context of the modern nation-state, regulations which are issued by the government in a country and are aimed to help members of their society to overcome life's problems can be called a cultural product. In response to the Belt and Road Initiatives/BRI initiated by the PRC government, the government under President Joko Widodo in the first period issued a Maritime Axis program aimed at building a number of infrastructures, ranging from ports, toll roads, airports, and industrial zones spread throughout Indonesia. This program is implemented under several regulations issued to facilitate the implementation of foreign investment absorption and development of various infrastructures with the aim of improving the economy, alleviating poverty, and reducing the number of unemployment. This article aims to analyse Indonesian government's response to Chinese investment in the BRI scheme which is related to cultural resilience factors. This article argues that in responding to BRI to develop infrastructure and industry, Indonesian government has not yet considered the factors of community cultural resilience. This article analyses six regulations issued by the government to regulate Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone. Moreover, it uses a case study approach by observing the Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone, to reveal the cultural resilience of the local community while facing investment inflows along with the impacts.