bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact dual‐band multiple input multiple output antenna with high isolation performance
Authors: Yeom Insu , Jung Chang Won
Published: October 2011

A compact dual‐band (WLAN 11b; 2.4 GHz ∼ 2.5 GHz, 11a; 5.15 GHz ∼ 5.825 GHz) 2‐channel Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna for portable media player (PMP) applications is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of a planar inverted F‐shape antenna (PIFA) operating at 2 GHz band and a loop antenna operating at 5‐GHz band. The antenna made up of the composite loop and PIFA antenna (CLPA) with connecting line face to the feed point and is orthogonally arranged at the edge of the ground plane for reducing mutual coupling. The antenna shows polarization and pattern diversities with excellent isolation characteristics. The two antennas were connected with each other in the bottom side to improve the isolation at 5‐GHz band. The proposed antenna has a sufficient gain in WLAN service band and is compact sized for the PMP applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2808–2811, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25614
Broadband two‐port X antenna array with flat reflector for polarization diversity applications
Authors: Hristov Hristo D. , Carrasco Hector , Feick Rodolfo , Kirov G. S.
Published: October 2011

This paper describes a new low‐profile X antenna array separated 0.1–0.15 wavelengths from a flat or rimmed square reflector of 0.6 wavelengths in size. The array consists of two closely spaced elements: an active two‐port folded‐wire X antenna, which radiates two cross‐polarized fields and a passive X element. This very compact double X reflector antenna has around 8–9 dBi peak directive gain, 12.5% bandwidth on average around the design frequency of 1800 MHz, a high interport isolation (about 25–30 dB) and low cross‐polarization in the whole input‐match frequency range. The practical applications of the properly designed and tuned double X reflector antenna may include among others, base station antennas with polarization diversity for GSM PCS or DCS bands, or for the whole UMTS band. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2833–2837, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25616
Tunable meander‐type antenna integrated with a bluetooth module in PCB board
Authors: Yoon Joong Han , Lee Young Chul R.
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a tunable antenna integrated with a Bluetooth module in printed circuit board (PCB) board for Bluetooth application was proposed and experimentally studied.The proposed tunable antenna consisted of meander‐type stack antenna, Bluetooth module, strip line, and chip capacitors in PCB board. The simulation results for the effect of the variation of chip capacitor in PCB board for Bluetooth application were investigated. From the experimental results, the measured impedance bandwidth, defined by VSWR = 2, was obtained. Also, 3D radiation patterns and peak and average gains were measured and studied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2801–2804, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25618
On‐board 7‐band WWAN/LTE antenna with small size and compact integration with nearby ground plane in the mobile phone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Tu Ming‐Fang , Wu Chun‐Yih , Li Wei‐Yu
Published: October 2011

A small‐size on‐board 7‐band WWAN/LTE antenna formed by a coupled‐fed loop antenna connected with a chip‐inductor‐loaded strip is presented. The antenna is disposed on a small board space of 15 × 25 mm2 (375 mm2) on the system circuit board and provides two wide operating bands to respectively cover GSM850/900 (824–960 MHz) and GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 (1710–2690 MHz) for the 7‐band operation in the mobile phone. The antenna's upper band is contributed by the coupled‐fed loop antenna operated at its 0.5‐wavelength resonant mode. The generation of the lower band is owing to the chip‐inductor‐loaded strip connected to the coupled‐fed loop antenna to form a coupled‐fed shorted monopole antenna operated at its 0.25‐wavelength resonant mode. In addition, the antenna's lower and upper bands can be respectively controlled, making it easy in fine‐tuning the desired operating bandwidths in practical applications. Further, the proposed antenna can be in compact integration with its nearby ground plane on the system circuit board; that is, small isolation distance between the antenna and the nearby ground plane can be achieved for the proposed antenna. This leads to efficient board space planning on the system circuit board of the mobile phone. Details of the proposed antenna are described in the article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2847–2853, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25619
Simultaneous fat suppression and band reduction with large‐angle multiple‐acquisition balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Quist Brady , Hargreaves Brian A. , Cukur Tolga , Morrell Glen R. , Gold Garry E. , Bangerter Neal K.
Published: October 2011

Balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) MRI is a rapid and signal‐to‐noise ratio‐efficient imaging method, but suffers from characteristic bands of signal loss in regions of large field inhomogeneity. Several methods have been developed to reduce the severity of these banding artifacts, typically involving the acquisition of multiple bSSFP datasets (and the accompanying increase in scan time). Fat suppression with bSSFP is also challenging; most existing methods require an additional increase in scan time, and some are incompatible with bSSFP band‐reduction techniques. This work was motivated by the need for both robust fat suppression and band reduction in the presence of field inhomogeneity when using bSSFP for flow‐independent peripheral angiography. The large flip angles used in this application to improve vessel conspicuity and contrast lead to specific absorption rate considerations, longer repetition times, and increased severity of banding artifacts. In this work, a novel method that simultaneously suppresses fat and reduces bSSFP banding artifact with the acquisition of only two phase‐cycled bSSFP datasets is presented. A weighted sum of the two bSSFP acquisitions is taken on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis, effectively synthesizing an off‐resonance profile at each voxel that puts fat in the stop band while keeping water in the pass band. The technique exploits the near‐sinusoidal shape of the bSSFP off‐resonance spectrum for many tissues at large (>50°) flip angles. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Setting a new standard: Updating the vaginal distention translational model for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Boncher Nicholas , Vricella Gino , Kavran Michael , Xiao Nan , Hijaz Adonis
Published: October 2011

Aims

The vaginal distention (VD) translational model for postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is potentially biased for use in evaluating animals with increasing phenotypic size (obesity) due to a fixed VD volume. Our study had three principle and two secondary aims. First, to examine both ex vivo and in vivo catheter pressure changes during volume distention. Secondly, to determine mean pressure at current volume standard for use as target pressure (TP) for VD under isobaric (IB) conditions. Thirdly, to demonstrate feasibility and equivalence of VD at TP versus isovolumetric (IV) standard. Secondary aims were to demonstrate decreased variability (IB vs. IV) and to review the effect of weight.

Methods

Ten French modified Foley catheters were inflated sequentially to 3.0 ml while connected (both in vivo and ex vivo) to a pressure transducer. Mean result generated TP. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats (280–300 g) were then randomized to one of three groups: IV, IB at TP, or sham VD. Student's t‐test was used to compare groups' leak point pressures (LPP) and simple linear regression was used to evaluate the effect of weight as a continuous variable.

Results

Catheter pressure/volume responses were demonstrated. Calculated TP was 531 mm Hg. LPP under conditions of IB and IV were statistically equivalent and were statistically lower than Sham. Variability was not statistically different between IB and IV groups. When treated as a continuous variable, weight had no effect on LPP.

Conclusions

VD injury based on TP is feasible and reproducible. Understanding catheter pressure dynamics is valuable for investigating alternative rat phenotypes. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:190–194, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of genes encoding smooth muscle contractile proteins in vaginal tissue of women with and without pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Bortolini Maria A.T. , Shynlova Oksana , Drutz Harold P. , Castro Rodrigo A. , Girão Manoel J.B.C. , Lye Stephen , Alarab May
Published: October 2011

Aims

We hypothesize that the expression of genes encoding vaginal smooth muscle (SM) contractile proteins is altered in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and is influenced by age and menopausal status. We aim to analyze the expression of SM‐myosin heavy chain (MHY11), caldesmon (CALD1), SM gamma‐actin (ACTG2), and tropomyosin (TPM1), in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with advanced POP and asymptomatic controls.

Methods

During total hysterectomy we collected anterior vaginal wall biopsy samples from 55 women, 37 premenopausal (23 patients and 14 controls), and 18 postmenopausal women (13 patients and 5 controls). Total mRNA from the tissues was quantified by real‐time RT‐PCR.

Results

MHY11 gene expression was down‐regulated in premenopausal POP patients compared to premenopausal controls (fivefold, P = 0.002). In the postmenopausal groups, we observed a sixfold increase in the CALD1 gene expression in POP patients compared to asymptomatic controls (P = 0.03). The gene expression of CALD1, ACTG2, and TPM1 was significantly down‐regulated in vaginal tissue of healthy women after menopause (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Dysregulation of the vaginal SM content in POP patients involves alteration of different cellular pathways according to age and menopausal status. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:109–114, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is Barthel index a relevant measure for measuring prevalence of urinary incontinence in stroke patients?
Authors: Tibaek Sigrid , Dehlendorff Christian
Published: October 2011

Aims

To compare the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) measured by Barthel Index and the Danish Prostate Symptom Score (DAN‐PSS‐1) questionnaire in stroke patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, hospital based survey was initiated whereby 407 stroke patients, average age 67 (SD 12) years with a mean interval of 101 days since onset of last stroke at inclusion. The stroke patients self‐reported the prevalence of UI by Barthel Index and the DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of UI was 10.5% measured by the Barthel Index and 49% by the DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire. Furthermore, the DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire distinguished between types of UI (38% urge UI, 28% stress UI, and 14% other UI). There were significantly fewer stroke patients who reported UI by the Barthel Index compared to the DAN‐PSS questionnaire in term of urge UI (P < 0.001), stress UI (P < 0.001), and other UI (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results showed that DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire contains more specific UI information compared to the Barthel Index. Fewer stroke patients reported UI by the Barthel Index compared to the DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire and moreover the DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire enables identification of different UI‐types. The Barthel Index is not sensitive to the UI prevalence; instead the authors suggest using a more specific instrument such as the DAN‐PSS‐1 questionnaire. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:44–49, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of TRPV4 cation channel activation on the primary bladder afferent activities of the rat
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques , Homma Yukio , Igawa Yasuhiko
Published: October 2011

Aims

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) may affect afferent pathways innervating the bladder. We investigated the effects of GSK1016790A (GSK) and RN1734, a TRPV4 agonist and antagonist, respectively, and P2X‐purinoceptor antagonists (TNP‐ATP and PPADS) on cystometry (CMG), and the effect of GSK on single afferent fiber activities (SAAs) of the rat bladder and its relationship with capsaicin (Cap)‐sensitivity.

Methods

Conscious female Sprague–Dawley rats were used for CMG measurements. In SAA measurements, under urethane anesthesia, SAA was identified by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve and by bladder distention. Cystometric parameters were measured before and after intravesical drug instillation. In SAA measurements, response with saline instillation served as baseline. Then, GSK was instilled three times, and finally Cap was instilled to investigate the relationship with Cap‐sensitivity.

Results

Intravesical GSK‐instillation transiently decreased bladder capacity and voided volume, which were counteracted by RN1734, TNP‐ATP, and PPADS. In SAA measurements, Aδ‐fibers (n = 7) were not affected by either GSK or Cap. Based on the Cap‐sensitivity, C‐fibers could be divided into two subtypes: Cap‐insensitive (n = 14) and Cap‐sensitive (n = 8). In the Cap‐insensitive C‐fibers, GSK significantly increased the SAAs during the first instillation, but the increase attenuated with time, whereas GSK did not significantly affect the Cap‐sensitive C‐fibers.

Conclusions

The present results suggest that activation of TRPV4 in the bladder, probably urothelium, facilitates the micturition reflex by activation of the mechanosensitive, Cap‐insensitive C‐fibers of the primary bladder afferents in rats. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:148–155, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rectal balloon training as add‐on therapy to pelvic floor muscle training in adults with fecal incontinence: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bols Esther , Berghmans Bary , de Bie Rob , Govaert Bas , van Wunnik Bart , Heymans Martijn , Hendriks Erik , Baeten Cor
Published: October 2011

Aims

Fecal incontinence (FI) is embarrassing, resulting in poor quality of life. Rectal sensation may be more important than sphincter strength to relieve symptoms. A single‐blind, randomized controlled trial among adults with FI compared the effectiveness of rectal balloon training (RBT) and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) versus PFMT alone.

Methods

We randomized 80 patients, recruited from the Maastricht University Medical Centre. Primary outcome was based on the Vaizey score. Secondary outcomes were the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL), 9‐point global perceived effect (GPE) score, anorectal manometry, rectal distension volumes, and thresholds of anorectal sensation. Analyses were by intention‐to‐treat.

Results

Forty patients were assigned to combined RBT with PFMT and 40 to PFMT alone. Adding RBT did not result in a significant improvement in the Vaizey score [mean difference: −1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.79 to 1.42; P = 0.37]. Secondary outcomes favoring RBT were: Lifestyle subscale of the FIQL (0.37; 95% CI: 0.02–0.73; P = 0.04), GPE (−1.01; 95% CI: −1.75 to −0.27; P = 0.008), maximum tolerable volume (49.35; 95% CI: 13.26–85.44; P = 0.009), and external anal sphincter fatigue (0.65; 95% CI: 0.26–1.04; P = 0.001). Overall, 50% of patients were considered improved according to the estimated minimally important change (Vaizey change ≥−5).

Conclusions

RBT with PFMT was equally effective as PFMT alone. Secondary outcomes show beneficial effects of RBT on urgency control, GPE, and lifestyle adaptations. Characteristics of patients who benefit most from RBT remain to be confirmed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:132–138, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bladder mechanoreceptor changes after artificial bladder outlet obstruction in the anesthetized rat
Authors: Zeng Jianwen , Xie Keji , Jiang Chonghe , Mo Jianfeng , Lindström Sivert
Published: October 2011

Aims

Experimental animal models of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) have reproduced several features of BOO in man, i.e., detrusor hypertrophy, instability, frequency, and residual urine. This study was focused on the mechanisms underlying the development of residual urine in patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by examining changes in tension sensitivity of bladder mechanoreceptors in rat model.

Methods

Female adult Sprague‐Dawley rats including 12 BOO and 17 sham operated rats were used in this study. Cystometrograms together with the bladder afferent activity were recorded. Tension sensitivity of the afferents was determined by plotting the normalized afferent response against the contraction evoked bladder pressure at different volumes. Degree of obstruction was assessed by the wet weight of the bladder at the end of the experiment.

Results

The bladder weight, maximal bladder capacity, micturition threshold volume, peak contraction force, and volume at peak contraction force were all significantly increased in obstructed animals. The threshold volume for afferent activation was increased (mean 0.60 ml compared to 0.15 ml in controls; P < 0.001), positively correlated with the bladder weight (r = 0.74). The tension sensitivity of the bladder mechanoreceptors and the slope of their normalized pressure‐response functions were significantly lower at the comparable volumes in the obstructed animals.

Conclusions

Rats with BOO had bladder mechanoreceptors with higher threshold volumes and lower tension sensitivity. Such changes would result in a weaker afferent drive of the micturition reflex. Similar changes may contribute to the development of residual urine and retention in patients with BOO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:178–184, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Results availability from clinical research of female urinary incontinence
Authors: Shamliyan Tatyana A. , Kane Robert L. , Wyman Jean , Sainfort Francois
Published: October 2011

Aims

To ascertain possible publication bias by examining the completeness and publication of studies on nonsurgical treatments for female urinary incontinence (UI).

Methods

We analyzed information about studies from several trial registries through May 2010. We searched Medline using study registration identifiers to determine publication status, and compared percentages of completed and published studies by study and subject characteristics.

Results

Among the 166 closed studies, we found 120 completed (73%), 12 terminated (7%), 3 withdrawn (2%), and 4 (2%) that provided no reasons for noncompletion. Only 17% of closed registered studies (28/166 studies) were published in peer‐reviewed journals; publication that did occur was an average of 2.2 years after study completion. The proportion of studies published did not increase over time. Studies sponsored by industry were published less often than those funded by NIH (OR = 0.04; 95%CI: 0.004–0.38). Drug studies were published less often than studies of other interventions (OR = 0.22; 95%CI: 0.05–0.96). Of the 166 closed studies, 7 (4%) posted results on the ClinicalTrials.gov website. Of Phases III and IV trials, 7% and 3% posted results, respectively.

Conclusions

The absence of results from a substantial proportion of conducted studies suggests that treatment decisions for women with UI are based on selected rather than comprehensive evidence of benefits and harms. Regulatory policy for clinical research should guarantee availability of the outcomes for the public, clinicians, and policymakers. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:22–29, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tamsulosin reduces nighttime urine production in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with nocturnal polyuria: A prospective open‐label long‐term study using frequency–volume chart
Authors: Kojima Yoshiyuki , Sasaki Shoichi , Imura Makoto , Kubota Yasue , Hayashi Yutaro , Kohri Kenjiro
Published: October 2011

Aims

The effects of tamsulosin treatment on changes in frequency–volume chart (FVC) data, especially nighttime urine production, over time were assessed, and the mechanisms underlying the improvement of nocturia in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with nocturnal polyuria (NP) are discussed.

Methods

A total of 104 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH were enrolled. After enrollment in the study, the patients were treated with tamsulosin (0.2 mg) once daily. Visits were scheduled every 4 weeks until week 12 (month 3) after study entry, and then every 12 weeks subsequently. All patients completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) index, and 3‐day FVC, and underwent uroflowmetry at enrollment and on each visit.

Results

Eighty‐two patients (mean age: 70.9 ± 7.1 years) were analyzed for 24 months after treatment. Patients were divided into two groups, NP and nonNP, based on FVC outcome. The IPSS, QOL index, and maximum flow rate improved during the 24‐month period after treatment in both groups. Mean daytime urine volume significantly increased in the NP group, but no changes were detected in the nonNP group. Mean nighttime urine frequency significantly decreased in the NP group over a 24‐month period, and was associated with a significant decrease in nighttime urine volume that was not found in the nonNP group. Maximum voided volume increased most months after treatment in both groups.

Conclusions

The present long‐term prospective study using FVC demonstrated that tamsulosin reduced nighttime urine production in BPH patients with NP. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:80–85, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polynomial‐time algorithms for solving a class of critical node problems on trees and series‐parallel graphs
Authors: Shen Siqian , Smith J. Cole
Published: October 2011

We examine variants of the critical node problem on specially structured graphs, which aim to identify a subset of nodes whose removal will maximally disconnect the graph. These problems lie at the intersection of network interdiction and graph theory research and are relevant to several practical optimization problems. The two different connectivity metrics that we consider regard the number of maximal connected components (which we attempt to maximize) and the largest component size (which we attempt to minimize). We develop optimal polynomial‐time dynamic programming algorithms for solving these problems on tree structures and on series‐parallel graphs, corresponding to each graph‐connectivity metric. We also extend our discussion by considering node deletion costs, node weights, and solving the problems on generalizations of tree structures. Finally, we demonstrate the computational efficacy of our approach on randomly generated graph instances. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
In vitro sensitivity to dasatinib in lymphoblasts from a patient with t(17;19)(q22;p13) gene rearrangement pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Glover Jason M. , Loriaux Marc , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Druker Brian J. , Chang Bill H.
Published: October 2011

Patients with t(17;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a dismal prognosis even with the most intensive current therapies that include stem cell transplant. We present the case of a patient with t(17;19)(q22;p13) gene rearranged B‐cell precursor ALL whose lymphoblasts were found to have significant in vitro sensitivity to dasatinib. The patient tolerated the addition of dasatinib with combination therapy and remained in remission for over nine months until his recurrence. Therefore, future studies will be needed to interrogate whether dasatinib has any therapeutic benefit in children with t(17;19) B‐cell precursor ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:576–579. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of psychosocial morbidities among bereaved parents of children with cancer
Authors: Rosenberg Abby R. , Baker K. Scott , Syrjala Karen , Wolfe Joanne
Published: October 2011

The objective of this review was to comprehensively summarize existing studies utilizing validated instruments to measure psychosocial outcomes among bereaved parents of children with cancer. This population has increased risks of anxiety, depression, prolonged grief, and poor quality of life. Parental morbidity is associated with psychiatric co‐morbidities, prior loss, economic hardship, duration, and intensity of child's cancer‐therapy, perceptions of medical care, child's quality of life, preparedness for and location of the child's death. Rigorous, prospective research is needed to identify risk‐groups, define outcomes, and design interventions which will improve parental outcomes after the death of a child due to cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 503–512. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of Col11a1‐associated protein complexes
Authors: Brown Raquel J. , Mallory Christopher , McDougal Owen M. , Oxford Julia Thom
Published: October 2011

Cartilage plays an essential role during skeletal development within the growth plate and in articular joint function. Interactions between the collagen fibrils and other extracellular matrix molecules maintain structural integrity of cartilage, orchestrate complex dynamic events during embryonic development, and help to regulate fibrillogenesis. To increase our understanding of these events, affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that interact with the collagen fibril surface via the amino terminal domain of collagen α1(XI) a protein domain that is displayed at the surface of heterotypic collagen fibrils of cartilage. Proteins extracted from fetal bovine cartilage using homogenization in high ionic strength buffer were selected based on affinity for the amino terminal noncollagenous domain of collagen α1(XI). MS was used to determine the amino acid sequence of tryptic fragments for protein identification. Extracellular matrix molecules and cellular proteins that were identified as interacting with the amino terminal domain of collagen α1(XI) directly or indirectly, included proteoglycans, collagens, and matricellular molecules, some of which also play a role in fibrillogenesis, while others are known to function in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Characterization of these molecular interactions will provide a more thorough understanding of how the extracellular matrix molecules of cartilage interact and what role collagen XI plays in the process of fibrillogenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity. Such information will aid tissue engineering and cartilage regeneration efforts to treat cartilage tissue damage and degeneration.
A statistical selection strategy for normalization procedures in LC‐MS proteomics experiments through dataset‐dependent ranking of normalization scaling factors
Authors: Webb‐Robertson Bobbie‐Jo M. , Matzke Melissa M. , Jacobs Jon M. , Pounds Joel G. , Waters Katrina M.
Published: October 2011

Quantification of LC‐MS peak intensities assigned during peptide identification in a typical comparative proteomics experiment will deviate from run‐to‐run of the instrument due to both technical and biological variation. Thus, normalization of peak intensities across an LC‐MS proteomics dataset is a fundamental step in pre‐processing. However, the downstream analysis of LC‐MS proteomics data can be dramatically affected by the normalization method selected. Current normalization procedures for LC‐MS proteomics data are presented in the context of normalization values derived from subsets of the full collection of identified peptides. The distribution of these normalization values is unknown a priori. If they are not independent from the biological factors associated with the experiment the normalization process can introduce bias into the data, possibly affecting downstream statistical biomarker discovery. We present a novel approach to evaluate normalization strategies, which includes the peptide selection component associated with the derivation of normalization values. Our approach evaluates the effect of normalization on the between‐group variance structure in order to identify the most appropriate normalization methods that improve the structure of the data without introducing bias into the normalized peak intensities.
A Detailed investigation of the experimental conditions for the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer‐mediated copolymerization of acrylonitrile and butadiene
Authors: Dürr Christoph J. , Emmerling Sebastian G. J. , Kaiser Andreas , Brandau Sven , Habicht Axel K. T. , Klimpel Michael , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2011

The synthesis of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubbers (NBRs) via trithiocarbonate‐mediated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylonitrile (ACN) and 1,3‐butadiene (BD) in solution under azeotropic conditions (38/62) was investigated for a broad range of common solvents: N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), chlorobenzene, 1,4‐dioxane, tert‐butanol, isobutyronitrile, toluene, trimethylacetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, acetonitrile, methyl acetate, acetone, and tert‐butyl methyl ether. The gravimetrically determined conversions for the free radical polymerizations of ACN/BD after 22 h at 100 °C were in the range of 15% for methyl acetate to 35% for DMAc. The origin of the differences in conversion is attributed to the unequal decomposition behavior of the employed azo initiator 2,2′‐azobis(N‐butyl‐2‐methylpropionamide) (1) in the solvents under investigation, as determined by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Relative decomposition of 1 in solution (0.1 mol L−1) at 100 °C was calculated from the UV–vis spectra for selected solvents. 90% of 1 in DMAc was decomposed after 22 h, 83% in tert‐butanol, 57% in 1,4‐dioxane, 53% in isobutyronitrile, 45% in chlorobenzene, and 21% in toluene. The evolution of molecular weight with conversion using the initiator 1 was in accordance with the theoretically expected values, regardless of the solvent studied. Moreover, the RAFT‐mediated copolymerization of ACN/BD in DMAc with azo initiators 1, 1‐[(1‐cyano‐1‐methylethyl)azo]formamide (2) and 1,1′‐azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (3) was investigated. A strong deviation from the linear evolution of molecular weight due to a fast decomposition of these initiators – congruent with high primary radical delivery rates – at the selected temperature was observed when using 2 and 3. The deviation was not observed when using 1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Substituent and heteroatom effects on the electrochromic properties of similar systems
Authors: İçli‐Özkut Merve , Mersini Jetmire , Önal Ahmet M. , Cihaner Atilla
Published: October 2011

Electrochromic polymers called poly(3,4‐dihydro‐3,3‐bis ((naphthalen‐1‐yl)methyl)‐2H‐thieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT‐Np2), poly(3,3‐dibenzyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐selenopheno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxepine), and poly(3,3‐dibenzyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐thieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxepine) were synthesized electrochemically and the effect of substituents and heteroatoms on the electrochromic properties were investigated for the similar systems. All polymers show electrochromism from a colored state when neutralized to transmissive when oxidized. Although, increasing bulky size (PProDOT‐Np2) causes lower coloration efficiency (CE) as well as lower optical contrast, the replacement of S atom by Se atom resulted in a lower band gap polymer with a higher CE than its thiophene analog. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Comparative repeatability of two handheld fractional exhaled nitric oxide monitors
Authors: Kapande Kirsty M. , McConaghy Laura A. , Douglas Isabella , McKenna Sonia , Hughes Jenny L. , McCance David R. , Ennis Madeline , Shields Michael D.
Published: October 2011

Background

The use of portable fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) devices is increasingly common in the diagnosis and management of allergic airways inflammation.

Methods

We tested two handheld FENO devices, to determine (a) if there was adequate intradevice repeatability to allow the use of single breath testing, and (b) if the devices could be used interchangeably. In a mixed pediatric population, including normal, asthmatic, and children with peanut allergies, 858 paired values were collected from the NIOX‐MINO® and/or the NObreath® devices.

Results

The NIOX‐MINO® showed excellent repeatability (mean difference of 0.1 with 95% limits of agreement between −7.93 to 7.72 ppb), while the NObreath® showed good repeatability (mean difference of −1.61 with 95% limits of agreement between −14.1 and 10.8 ppb). Intradevice repeatability was good but not adequate and the NIOX‐MINO® systematically produced higher results than the NObreath® [mean difference of 7.8 ppb with 95% limits of agreement from −11.55 to 27.52 ppb (−33% to 290%)].

Conclusions

Our results support the manufacturer's advice that single breath testing is appropriate for the NIOX‐MINO®. NObreath® results indicate that the mean of more than one breath should be utilized. The devices cannot be used interchangeably. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:546–550. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence that Marine‐derived, Multi‐mineral, Aquamin Inhibits the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway In Vitro
Authors: O'Gorman Denise M. , O'Carroll Christine , Carmody Ruaidhrí J.
Published: October 2011

It is well established that nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) is a central regulator of the immune response and that dysregulation of NF‐κB contributes to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The food supplement Aquamin is a natural multi‐mineral derived from the red algae Lithothamnion corallioides, rich in calcium, magnesium and 72 other trace minerals. This study describes an anti‐inflammatory role for Aquamin in inhibiting NF‐κB activation through reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of its upstream inhibitor IκBα. Aquamin inhibition of NF‐κB activation results in significantly reduced cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 gene expression following treatment of macrophage cells with lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest that nutritional supplements such as Aquamin may play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response by modulating the nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathway. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Improves Insulin Sensitivity in High Fat Fed Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: Lee Seo Hee , Lee Hyun Joo , Lee Yong‐ho , Lee Byung‐Wan , Cha Bong Soo , Kang Eun Seok , Ahn Chul Woo , Park Jong Sook , Kim Hyo Jeong , Lee Eun Young , Lee Hyun Chul
Published: October 2011

Many studies have documented that ginseng has antidiabetic and antiobesity effects, but the mechanism of the effects has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG, Panax ginseng) and investigate the mechanism of antidiabetic and antiobesity effects in obese insulin resistant animal models. Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups: a control group (group I) fed a normal diet, another group (group II) fed only high fat diet (HFD) and a third group (group III) fed HFD with KRG (200 mg/kg, oral) for 18 weeks. The body weight, food intake, adipose tissues, liver, kidney, pancreas, adiponectin, and leptin were measured. Blood glucose, insulin tolerance test, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test were investigated. A significant weight reduction, especially fat mass reduction, was observed in the KRG treated group. Increased insulin sensitivity was found in the KRG treated group. We observed increased insulin signalling, increased phosphorylation of IR, IRS‐1, Akt, and membranous GLUT4 in muscle by Western blotting assay. In conclusion, KRG may have antidiabetic and antiobesity effects due to partly increased insulin sensitivity by increased adipokine and partly enhanced insulin signalling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Goodness of Fit Approach to the Class of Life Distributions with Unknown Age
Authors: Ismail Ali A. , Abu‐Youssef S. E.
Published: October 2011

Based on the goodness of fit approach, a new test is presented for testing exponentiality against the unknown age (used better than aged in convex ordering (UBAC)) Class of life distributions. The percentiles of this test are tabulated for sample sizes n=5(5)40. It is shown that the proposed test is simple, has high relative efficiency for some commonly used alternatives and enjoys a good power. An example in medical science is considered as a practical application of the proposed test. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human bocavirus—the first 5 years
Authors: Jartti Tuomas , Hedman Klaus , Jartti Laura , Ruuskanen Olli , Allander Tobias , Söderlund‐Venermo Maria
Published: October 2011

Four species of human bocavirus (HBoV) have been recently discovered and classified in the Bocavirus genus (family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae). Although detected both in respiratory and stool samples worldwide, HBoV1 is predominantly a respiratory pathogen, whereas HBoV2, HBoV3, and HBoV4 have been found mainly in stool. A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with HBoV infection including rhinitis, pharyngitis, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, pneumonia, acute otitis media, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Many of these potential manifestations have not been systematically explored, and they have been questioned because of high HBoV co‐infection rates in symptomatic subjects and high HBoV detection rates in asymptomatic subjects. However, evidence is mounting to show that HBoV1 is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness. The best currently available diagnostic approaches are quantitative PCR and serology. This concise review summarizes the current clinical knowledge on HBoV species. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The digital forensics of GPS path records and the discovery of previous Facebook IDs on a Pocket PC PDA
Authors: Chu Hai‐Cheng
Published: October 2011

Predominantly, because of the pervasiveness of information technology and the affordable and competitive prices of contemporary mobile computing devices, more and more personal navigation devices (PNDs) are substantively embedded with Global Positioning System (GPS) functionality and ubiquitous networks connectivity. Therefore, the digital forensics of PNDs digital evidences becomes an urgent research issue. Meanwhile, Facebook has become a globally foremost social networking service platform. Consequently, the discovery of previous Facebook IDs on PNDs has been focused in some criminal case investigations. This paper conducts the related experiments on a Pocket PC PDA to illustrate the essence of the research. Via the design of the experiments that were carried on the Pocket PC PDA, we concluded previous user(s) information concerning the digital forensics of Facebook user account(s) that might be disclosed on the current mobile computing device. The discussions and conclusions of the paper can provide digital forensics experts as paradigms or frameworks for future related criminal case investigations regarding GPS and social networking when Facebook is involved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beitrag zur Ermüdungsbemessung von Stahlbrücken nach Eurocode
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Euler Mathias , Kudla Konrad
Published: October 2011

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über einen Teil der Ergebnisse eines DASt/IGF‐Forschungsvorhabens, das sich mit der Weiterentwicklung und Spezifizierung der Ermüdungsnachweise für Straßen‐ und Eisenbahnbrücken aus Stahl beschäftigt hat. Anlass zu diesem Forschungsvorhaben waren die Erfahrungen der Ingenieurbüros und Stahlbaufirmen im Umgang mit den DIN‐Fachberichten, die im Wesentlichen die Anwendung der neuen europäischen Normen im Brückenbau seit 2003 ermöglichen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die neuen Regeln teilweise zu einem größeren Fertigungs‐ und Materialaufwand führen, der auf das neue Bemessungskonzept für den Ermüdungsnachweis zurückzuführen ist. Das Forschungsvorhaben sollte durch die Klärung einer Reihe von Fragestellungen zur Ermüdungsbeanspruchung, zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit von im Brückenbau relevanten Kerbdetails wie das hier behandelte Konstruktionsdetail der Lagerplatte und zum Nachweiskonzept mögliche Vereinfachungen aufzeigen und zu einer Verbesserung der augenblicklichen Situation beitragen.

Contribution on fatigue assessment of steel bridges according to Eurocode. This article gives an overview about a part of the results of a DASt/IGF‐Research project dealing with the evolution and the specification of the fatigue assessment for highway and railway steel bridges. This project was initiated through the experiences of the consulting offices and steel companies when applying the DIN‐Fachberichte that have allowed for the application of the new European rules in bridge design since 2003. It turned out that the new rules cause higher fabrication and material expenses that can be mainly attributed to the new fatigue design approach. The research project was supposed to reveal possibilities for simplification and to improve the today’s situation by answering a couple of questions on the fatigue actions, on the fatigue resistance of typical bridge‐related constructional details (as the presented bearing plate) and on the assessment approach.
Spannungsbasierter Beulsicherheitsnachweis ebener und gekrümmter stählerner Flächentragwerke unter kombinierter Membranbeanspruchung
Authors: Maur Jörn , Schmidt Herbert , Verwiebe Constantin
Published: October 2011

Die Formate des Eurocode 3 für den spannungsbasierten Beulsicherheitsnachweis sind für ebene Flächentragwerke (Plattenbeulen nach EN 1993‐1‐5) und für gekrümmte Flächentragwerke (Schalenbeulen nach EN 1993‐1‐6) konzeptionell unterschiedlich – im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Regelung in DIN 18800 (Teile 3 und 4). Auch ein kürzlich veröffentlichter Verbesserungsvorschlag für den Interaktionsnachweis beim Plattenbeulen, der ein formal identisches Aussehen der beiden EC 3‐Beulinteraktionsgleichungen zur Folge hat, ändert daran nichts. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der Formate für den spannungsbasierten Beulsicherheitsnachweis aufgezeigt. Für das Plattenbeulen werden, ergänzend zu dem erwähnten veröffentlichten Verbesserungsvorschlag, einige kleine weitere Verbesserungsvorschläge gemacht.

Buckling stress design check for plane and curved steel surface structures under combined membrane stressing – a comparative analysis of the Eurocode formats. The formats of Eurocode 3 for the buckling stress design check are conceptually different for plane surface structures (plate buckling according to EN 1993‐1‐5) and for curved surface structures (shell buckling according to EN 1993‐1‐6) – contrary to the previous rules in DIN 18800 (Parts 3 and 4). Even a recently published proposal for improvement of the plate buckling interaction check, which results in a formally identical appearance of the two EC 3 buckling interaction expressions, does not modify that situation. In the present paper, the commonalities and the differences of the buckling stress design formats are pointed out. For the plate buckling interaction check, some minor further proposals for improvement, complementarily to the mentioned published one, are presented.
Hohlprofile mit beidseits zentrisch eingeschlitzten Knotenblechen – Drucktragverhalten und Bemessungsvorschlag
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Taras Andreas
Published: October 2011

In der Stahlbaupraxis werden Druckstäbe von Fachwerken und Verbänden häufig mit Hohlprofilquerschnitten ausgeführt, die an beiden Stabenden eingeschlitzte Knotenbleche aufweisen. Um einen zentrischen Anschluss zu gewährleisten, weisen diese Knotenbleche entweder einen beidseits verlaschten Schraubstoß oder eine direkte zentrische Schweißnahtverbindung zur weiterführenden Konstruktion auf. Im Gegensatz zur traditionellen Konstruktionspraxis, weisen die Knotenbleche an den Stabenden heutzutage mitunter erhebliche freie Längen auf, sodass daraus negative Einflüsse auf die Drucktragfähigkeit des Gesamtstabes zu erwarten sind.

Nachfolgend wird das Tragverhalten derartiger Druckstäbe anhand numerischer Traglastberechnungen dargestellt und ein Vergleich der Traglasten mit den üblichen Berechnungsmodellen der Ingenieurpraxis – Knicknachweise am Ersatzstab – durchgeführt.

Es wird gezeigt, dass letztere – vor allem bei Stäben geringer Schlankheit – mitunter deutlich auf der unsicheren Seite liegen. Interessant ist auch die Tatsache, dass für die Traglast oft Imperfektionsansätze affin zur zweiten antimetrischen Eigenform maßgebend werden. Auch der Einfluss der Eigenspannungen, bedingt durch die Anschlussnähte zum Hohlprofil, wird untersucht. Abschließend wird ein einfaches Berechnungsmodell für die Praxis vorgestellt, das hinreichend genaue Traglastergebnisse liefert und ergänzend zum üblichen Knicknachweis anzuwenden ist.

Hollow sections with concentric slotted gusset plates – Load bearing capacity under compression and recommended design model. In practical applications, compression members in trusses or bracing systems are often composed of hollow sections with slotted gusset plates on both ends. Either a bolted connection with splice plates on both sides or a welded connection are used to achieve a concentric configuration. In recent application cases, members of this type were often designed with unusually long gusset plates at their ends, leading to reduced load bearing capacities.

In the present paper, the load carrying behaviour of such members is shown by means of realistic numerical calculations. The resulting compression member capacities are compared with the design models for flexural buckling as they are commonly employed in practice.

It will be shown that these models significantly overestimate the compression member capacity – particularly in cases with low slenderness. Interestingly, imperfection forms similar to the second eigenmode often lead to the most critical design situation. The influence of residual stresses due to the welding of the gusset plate to the slotted hollow section is also studied in detail. On the basis of these numerical results, an improved engineering design recommendation for the practical verification of the gusset plate stability could be developed, which should be used in addition to the conventional member buckling verification.