bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Aboriginal Health Workers and Liaison Officers in quality care in the Australian acute care setting: a systematic review
Authors: Mackean Tamara , Withall Elizabeth , Dwyer Judith , Wilson Annabelle
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the contribution of Aboriginal Health Workers and Liaison Officers (AHWLOs) to quality of care in the acute health care setting in Australia.
MethodsA systematic review of peer-reviewed literature focused on the role of AHWLOs and quality processed and quality outcomes. Authors undertook study selection based on inclusion criteria and performed quality assessment using critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute.
ResultsThe search revealed limited literature that met the inclusion criteria, namely four quantitative studies and one mixed-methods study. The settings of the included studies were mental health and cardiac care units within various hospitals. The studies indicated that AHWLOs may have a positive effect on communication between healthcare professionals and patients, rates of discharge against medical advice and continuity of care. Methodological constraints among the included studies made it difficult to establish specific contributions of AHWLOs to quality care markers across acute care units.
ConclusionsThe role of AHWLOs in providing quality care in the acute care setting has received minimal research. The limited existing research highlights the importance of the AHWLO role. For example, AHWLOs may influence patient communication, discharge against medical advice and continuity of care within mental health and cardiac care units. Further, because of methodological constraints among the limited studies, research into the role of AHWLOs in these and other acute care settings is needed to assess effects on a range of specific clinical quality markers.
What is known about the topic?Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience unacceptable health inequities. AHWLOs are a unique workforce introduced to increase access to culturally safe care and, ultimately, help to address these inequities.
What does this paper add?This review explores the current evidence for the contribution of AHWLOs to quality care in the acute care setting. The findings suggest that these professionals may improve communication between patients and medical staff, improve continuity of care and reduce patient discharge against medical advice. However, these findings highlight that the use of quality care markers across acute care settings is needed to generate tangible evidence to help establish the legitimacy of these health professionals.
What are the implications for practitioners?AHWLOs have a place in the acute care team. Although further research is required to expand the preliminary evidence base of their effect on quality acute care, this workforce should be supported at the individual, organisational and policy levels to enhance the health and well-being of one the most vulnerable communities in Australia.
Insights, implications and challenges of studying local soil knowledge for sustainable land use: a critical review
Authors: Huynh Ha T. N. , Lobry de Bruyn Lisa A. , Wilson Brian R. , Knox Oliver G. G.
Published: January 2020

Local soil knowledge (LSK) has been recognised for its importance in sustainable soil management and agroecosystems. This paper examines peer-reviewed articles and grey literature documents on LSK during 2003–2018. Research continues to be geographically focused on developing countries, but often in collaboration with researchers from developed countries. There were five key research themes: soil classification and agreement between local and scientific soil knowledge (Theme 1), value of LSK for soil management and decision-making (Theme 2), scientific approach to the incorporation of LSK (Theme 3), application of LSK for identification of and solutions to soil problems (Theme 4) and factors influencing soil knowledge development (Theme 5). Although Theme 1 continued to be a prevalent research area, confirming the importance of visible and topsoil characteristics identified by farmers, examining subsurface soil properties has garnered less research. For LSK to be thoroughly documented requires support by a pluralistic scientific assessment and greater incorporation of social science methodologies. An overarching finding from Themes 2–4 was the importance of designing national programs that incorporate LSK derived from local people and other stakeholders (e.g. scientists and policymakers) to conserve soils. Local soil maps, using LSK terminology, could broaden the appeal and use of maps by local stakeholders to support sustainable land-use planning from the field to national policy-making processes. Finally, cultural and political aspects, known to influence LSK, should be given greater consideration in further research to sustain and develop this knowledge (Theme 5).
Anaerobic peroxisomes in
Mastigamoeba balamuthi
Authors: Le Tien , Žárský Vojtěch , Nývltová Eva , Rada Petr , Harant Karel , Vancová Marie , Verner Zdeněk , Hrdý Ivan , Tachezy Jan
Published: January 2020

The adaptation of eukaryotic cells to anaerobic conditions is reflected by substantial changes to mitochondrial metabolism and functional reduction. Hydrogenosomes belong among the most modified mitochondrial derivative and generate molecular hydrogen concomitant with ATP synthesis. The reduction of mitochondria is frequently associated with loss of peroxisomes, which compartmentalize pathways that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus protect against cellular damage. The biogenesis and function of peroxisomes are tightly coupled with mitochondria. These organelles share fission machinery components, oxidative metabolism pathways, ROS scavenging activities, and some metabolites. The loss of peroxisomes in eukaryotes with reduced mitochondria is thus not unexpected. Surprisingly, we identified peroxisomes in the anaerobic, hydrogenosome-bearing protist
Mastigamoeba balamuthi
. We found a conserved set of peroxin (Pex) proteins that are required for protein import, peroxisomal growth, and division. Key membrane-associated Pexs (
Mb
Pex3,
Mb
Pex11, and
Mb
Pex14) were visualized in numerous vesicles distinct from hydrogenosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi complex. Proteomic analysis of cellular fractions and prediction of peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS1/PTS2) identified 51 putative peroxisomal matrix proteins. Expression of selected proteins in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
revealed specific targeting to peroxisomes. The matrix proteins identified included components of acyl-CoA and carbohydrate metabolism and pyrimidine and CoA biosynthesis, whereas no components related to either β-oxidation or catalase were present. In conclusion, we identified a subclass of peroxisomes, named “anaerobic” peroxisomes that shift the current paradigm and turn attention to the reductive evolution of peroxisomes in anaerobic organisms.
Single-cell tracking demonstrates copper chaperone Atox1 to be required for breast cancer cell migration
Authors: Blockhuys Stéphanie , Zhang Xiaolu , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla
Published: January 2020

Significance

Copper is an essential metal ion facilitating many biological functions. To avoid the toxicity of free copper, there are protein-based transport systems that deliver the metal to copper-dependent enzymes. Tumors have high demands for copper, but it is unclear why. Thus it is of importance to reveal copper-binding proteins involved in cancer progression. This work investigated the putative role of a copper-binding protein, Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (Atox1), in breast cancer cell migration, which is a key step in cancer metastasis. We demonstrated that Atox1 is needed for efficient cell migration and identify partner proteins. Since primary breast tumors with high levels of Atox1 correlate with poorer patient survival, Atox1 may be a biomarker of metastatic breast cancer.
TrkB hyperactivity contributes to brain dysconnectivity, epileptogenesis, and anxiety in zebrafish model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Kedra Magdalena , Banasiak Katarzyna , Kisielewska Katarzyna , Wolinska-Niziol Lidia , Jaworski Jacek , Zmorzynska Justyna
Published: January 2020

Significance

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a hereditary disease that presents with early brain malformations, childhood epilepsy, and TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TANDs). Cortical malformations arise in utero and have been linked to childhood epilepsy before. Externally developing zebrafish seem convenient to study elementary neurodevelopment; however, without the in-depth functional analysis, the Tsc2-deficient zebrafish cannot be used for studies of TANDs. Here, we found that Tsc2-deficient zebrafish recapitulated symptoms seen in TSC patients on anatomical and behavioral levels, including aberrant brain morphology, thinning of brain connections, epileptogenesis, and increased anxiety-like behavior, which was rescued by reducing TrkB signaling, revealing a potential drug target. Moreover, we show that commissural thinning cause aberrant regulation of anxiety, providing a link between brain anatomy and emotion.
An unaddressed phonological contradiction
Authors: Sampson Geoffrey
Published: January 2020

There is general agreement on the main features of the process through which the phonology of modern standard
Chinese has evolved over three millennia from that of Old Chinese. However, according to general linguistic theory, that
phonological history is impossible: the theory claims that no human language can evolve in the manner in which Chinese is believed
to have evolved. Furthermore, this particular strand of general linguistic theory has recently been corroborated through stringent
statistical testing. Thus there is a glaring contradiction between two areas of scholarship, and to date there has been little
recognition by the scholarly community of the need to resolve this contradiction, indeed little willingness to admit its
existence. I argue that the contradiction is real and serious, and needs resolution.
An activity theory approach to the contextualization mechanism of language use
Authors: Sang Zhonggang
Published: January 2020

Contextualization is a widely-discussed topic in the field of linguistics. Although it is generally agreed that
contextualization is a dynamic process of interaction among the heterogeneous contextual factors, one still lacks a coherent
explanation of how the interactions enable a language user to construct a meaningful text/utterance. From an Activity Theory
perspective, language use can be termed as a rule-governed activity. The activity itself is the context of a subject’s
decision-making, and contextualization is nothing but the actualization process of a language use activity. During the process,
the subject strategizes her/his linguistic choice to build the textual outcome in light of the hierarchical text functions,
namely, the conventionalized and situational functions of prospective text (at the higher strata), which respectively embody the
social-cultural and situational factors constraining her/his actions, and the conventional function of textual tools (at the basic
stratum), a foremost factor conditioning her/his operation. When there are contradictions among these functions, the subject needs
to prioritize the one at a higher stratum. This can be exemplified by three typical cases of language use: translation,
pseudo-translation and self-translation.
Harnessing perennial and indeterminant growth habits for ratoon cotton (
Gossypium
spp.) cropping
Authors: Zhang Xin , Kong Xiangjun , Zhou Ruiyang , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Jinbao , Wang Linsong , Wang Qinglian
Published: January 2020

Ratoon is the stub or root of a perennial plant that is commonly retained after harvest to produce a following crop. This paper presents a review of ratoon cotton in relation to a broader framework that has been examining perennialization of agriculture for the benefit of ecology and economy. Cotton is botanically indeterminate, but has been treated as an annual after domestication, yet the habit of perenniality is retained and the plants begin to resprout after the first harvest. In some cropping systems, this tendency is exploited using the “ratooning” practice (i.e. growing one or more crops on the rootstock of the first). Ratooning has declined for various reasons such as an increase in the prevalence of pests and diseases and overwintering risk. However, ratooning has many benefits such as no annual tillage before sowing, a well-established root system, and high yield. The three methods of ratooning offer flexibility to balance the environmental and economic benefits in agriculture. The greatest environmental benefits arise from perennial ratoon cropping of semi-wild cotton, and the greatest economic benefit is obtained from biannually cropping modern annual cultivars. However, an optimum solution would be provided by perennial cropping annual cultivars. To realize both environmental and economic benefits, research is needed in the following main areas: preventing the buildup of pests and diseases, breeding the most suitable cotton cultivars for ratooning, and developing light and simplified cultivation (LSC) systems for ratoon cultivation.
Judicial Ethics, Everyday Work, and Emotion Management
Authors: Anleu Sharyn Roach , Mack Kathy , Elek Jennifer , Rottman David
Published: January 2020

Judicial ethics and conduct guides emphasize dignity, decorum, patience, and courtesy, contributing to an understanding of judging as rational, detached, and unemotional. However, these are also interactional capacities, implying the presence of emotion and emotion work. Empirical research finds that judicial officers express considerable awareness of the need for judicial emotional capacities and emotion work and undertake a range of strategies to manage emotion. This judicial experience shows that available guidance does not adequately address emotion in judicial officers’ everyday work. Improved guidance will explicitly recognize judicial work as an interactional space, generating emotion and demanding emotion work.
The second Hopf bifurcation in lid-driven square cavity*
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Tiegang , Wang Zheng
Published: January 2020

To date, there are very few studies on the second Hopf bifurcation in a driven square cavity, although there are intensive investigations focused on the first Hopf bifurcation in literature, due to the difficulties of theoretical analyses and numerical simulations. In this paper, we study the characteristics of the second Hopf bifurcation in a driven square cavity by applying a consistent fourth-order compact finite difference scheme recently developed by us. We numerically identify the critical Reynolds number of the second Hopf bifurcation located in the interval of (11093.75,11094.3604) by bisection. In addition, we find that there are two dominant frequencies in its spectral diagram when the flow is in the status of the second Hopf bifurcation, while only one dominant frequency is identified if the flow is in the first Hopf bifurcation via the Fourier analysis. More interestingly, the flow phase portrait of velocity components is found to make transition from a regular elliptical closed form for the first Hopf bifurcation to a non-elliptical closed form with self-intersection for the second Hopf bifurcation. Such characteristics disclose flow in a quasi-periodic state when the second Hopf bifurcation occurs.
Improvement of metrological reliability in the measurement of coolant flow and the amount of heat at housing and communal facilities
Authors: Polovneva S I , Tolstoy M Yu
Published: January 2020

The authors examine dynamic and metrological characteristics of a vortex-acoustic flowmeter, a classification, a brief description, and the operation principle of widely used flowmeters. They present the results of research and exploitation of vortex-acoustic and electromagnetic flowmeters within the calibration interval (CI), obtained on an automated laboratory research test bench. The authors give some practical advice on choice of devices for flow metering based on the procedure of metrological reliability.
The efficiency of bark and wood fuel utilization in the hot water boilers
Authors: Lyubov V K , Popov A N , Popova E I
Published: January 2020

The commissioning of a hot water boiler house at SJSC “Sawmill 25” was another major step in increasing of efficiency of the integrated use of wood raw in the enterprise. It required efficiency assessment of burning bark and wood fuel in the combustion chambers of PR 8000 boilers. For this purpose, the comprehensive energy audit of boiler house equipment was carried out, the biofuel mixture as fired and the residues of combustion were analyzed. The moister content of bark and wood fuel was 50.83–54.82 %. The proportion of bark in the fuel varied in the range from 55 to 77 %. As a result of the energy audit, the components of boilers heat balance were calculated. In this case, combined relative and calorimetric method supplemented with thermal imaging was used to determine external heat loss. Gaseous and particulate emissions were determined with electrochemical and weight methods. Distribution of combustibles in fly ash fractions was analyzed. The overall separation efficiency of gas cleaning plants was determined. Gas-entrained soot particles were studied with an electronic scanning microscope. Based on the analysis, recommendations were elaborated to improve the energy-ecological performance of the tested boiler house and to reduce the emission of particulate matter. Measures for partial or complete removal of restrictions on the furnace draft when burning bark and wood fuel with a relative moister content of more than 55% were proposed. The energy audit showed that the design characteristics of the main and auxiliary equipment of PR-8000 boiler provide sufficiently high energy-ecological performance if the grates surfaces are used effectively and the vacuum in the combustion chambers is close to the optimum values.
Mathematical modeling of combustion wave propagating in SH-synthesis of functional borides used to protect from mixed ionizing radiation
Authors: Balachkov M M , Dolmatovg O Yu , Kuznetsov M S , Permikin A A
Published: January 2020

This work describes the mathematical model of SHS combustion wave propagating in the system of W-B. The model is based on the heat equation. The result of modelling is a forecast of SH-synthesis temperature regime in this system what allows forecasting a phase composition and thermal stresses. The model checking was realized in the experiment in the synthesis of this system in a laboratory-scale plant including the SHS reactor. The presented model is in agreement with the experiment in a maximum synthesis temperature and the curve rate of synthesis carrying out.
Filtering highly viscous and severely polluted media using integrated power effect on the liquid flow under cleaning
Authors: Devisilov V A , Sharai E Yu
Published: January 2020

Filtering is a stage in purification of liquids and is included in most technological processes; therefore, design and development of advanced filtering devices is required in order to increase the useful life aiming at energy and resource saving. The given work demonstrates that a hydrodynamic filter that combines filtering and centrifugal separation in a single implementation could become such a device. Numerical method was used to solve the system of hydrodynamic equations describing the medium flow in a hydrodynamic filter. Efficiency of solid particles separation by a centrifugal mechanism was calculated. As a result of the study, it was found out that motion trajectories of the particles up to 20 μm in size coincide with the liquid phase flow. Proposed integrated power effect on the flow under cleaning makes it possible to reduce the load on the filtering material and, as a result, to increase the filter service life. Satisfactory compliance between the experimental study results and the calculated values confirms adequacy of the mathematical model to the real flow pattern and possibility of its use in practical calculations of hydrodynamic and separation processes in a hydrodynamic filter. Using a hydrodynamic filter to remove solid contaminants from a liquid would provide a possibility to solve ecological problems that are acute for many industrial sectors.
Study of aluminosilicate waste-based materials
Authors: Fedorova S V
Published: January 2020

Valuable technical properties of mica have attracted attention of people for a long time. Mica is widely used in various industries, including electrical, radio, paint and varnish production. Two types of mica - muscovite and phlogopite – are applied in modern production. Mica belongs to a large group of minerals characterized by perfect cleavage, i.e. the ability to split into very thin sheets having smooth surfaces. Muscovite and phlogopite are the most important industrial micas. They are easily split into thin sheets. In addition, they have high hardness and mechanical strength. They are thermally and chemically stable, non-hygroscopic, flexible, elastic and transparent. Due to these properties, muscovite and phlogopite are the most important composite materials used for producing electrical insulating materials. Along with these varieties, vermiculite, lepidolite and biotite are used in various industries. Mica has properties that other dielectrics lack (high electrical strength, heat resistance, chemical resistance, moisture resistance, mechanical strength, and flexibility). Muscovite and phlogopite are electrical insulating materials. The mining and processing industries produce a lot of mica waste. Methods for using muscovite and phlogopite waste in combination with aluminosilicate waste and a number of low-melting chemical additives were developed.
Comparative assessment of occupational risks at enterprises of oil production and coal industries in the Irkutsk region
Authors: Gorlenko N V , Murzin M A
Published: January 2020

The historical development of human civilization has shaped a completely justified life axiom: if you want to achieve something, work hard. And it is true, without making efforts a person, quite logically, will not be able to satisfy his or her basic needs, to acquire the necessary material goods and services in the absence of money. Yet in fulfilling their labor functions, people find themselves in the workplace environment with harmful and hazardous factors that can lead to negative consequences for health and life, and this is especially of relevance in the light of the recent pension reform in Russia. It is perfectly reasonable to believe that each and every production activity is not able to manage without raw materials that are provided by certain industries, one of which is mining. A procedure for assessing occupational hazards exists precisely to identify negative workplace factors and then take corrective actions. In this paper, the assessment was carried out for enterprises producing natural recourses of strategic importance for Russia, i.e. oil and coal. We estimated occupational hazards using the method of assessing individual occupational hazards for employees of mining enterprises in the Irkutsk region and measures to reduce them.
Impact of dust emissions from the silicon production on working conditions
Authors: Leonova M S , Timofeeva S S
Published: January 2020

Metallurgical enterprises are one of the largest sources of dust emissions. Dust is the main air pollutant in the working area and is formed in all areas where the metal production process is carried out. Thus, up to 900 kg of dust is formed in the production of 1 ton of silicon. Inhalation of such dust by workers of the foundry can contribute to the development of a number of dangerous respiratory diseases. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the dust waste of the silicon production and to analyze the working conditions of employees of the given enterprise in order to develop measures to reduce the dust load and improve the working conditions. The article also presents the results of studies of the particle size distribution of dust emissions in the silicon production. Using the X-ray phase analysis method, it was shown that the dust of the silicon production mainly consisted of amorphous silica, as well as silicon and carborundum. According to the results of the chemical analysis, it was found that this type of waste contained on average 86% of the valuable SiO2 component. The particle-size analysis of the composition of gas cleaning dust from the silicon production showed that there were particles in the dust ranging in size from 0.1 to 600 µm. Most particles had a size of -50.00 + 100.00 µm. Particles of this size are easily inhaled by the operating personnel and quickly penetrate into the lungs and affect the lung tissue. During the assessment of the working conditions of the silicon enterprise by this factor, it has been found that all workplaces of the electrothermal department have hazardous conditions and correspond to the class of working conditions 3.2, and the allowable work period under these conditions is 6 years. The analysis of the above data shows that gas cleaning dust of the silicon production contains a significant amount of the valuable SiO2 component, and the volumes formed allow this material to be used as a silica-containing raw material. Therefore, in order to effectively solve environmental problems and improve the working conditions of silicon production workers, it is necessary to develop innovative technologies for recycling fine silica-containing waste and other methods for their disposal.
Thermal sources of low power and their caricena hazard to the atmosphere of the cities of the Irkutsk region
Authors: Belykh L I , Maksimova M A
Published: January 2020

In the article, we presented the results of experiments in the stratified burning of solid fuels in “low” power boiler houses and household furnaces. We also studied the dynamics in which the products of incomplete combustion of coal and wood, i.e. carbon monoxide, soot, benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are emitted. The paper shows the non-stationarity of the combustion process taking into account the proposed method for calculating emissions of hazardous substances. The article also determines their specific emissions during the combustion of coal and firewood in the Eastern Siberia region. The paper contains the characteristics of “low” power heat sources and the assessment of their incomplete combustion products for the atmosphere of the Irkutsk region cities. It also proposes measures to reduce emissions of hazardous substances into the environment.
Improving of efficiency expense fuel and energy resources in the sugar production
Authors: Goryachev V , Golobokov S , Brostilova T
Published: January 2020

Annotation

The fuel and energy resources use analysis in the sugar production on the Bekovo sugar factory was conducted in this paper. The fuel use efficiency was determinated from costs of fuel for recycling 1 ton of raw compare received findings with European Level of sugar producers was done. The influence different kinds of using fuel to volume carbon dioxide emissions was explored in this work. The calculation CO2 - equivalent by the method of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and analyses of discharge of green house gases at growing, at transportation and at processing of sugar beet was done.
An energy efficiency forecast for the economy of Irkutsk region
Authors: Muzychuk S Yu , Muzychuk R I
Published: January 2020

The energy efficiency of the Russian economy lags far behind that in the developed countries of the world. The enhancement of the energy efficiency and, first of all, the energy saving, is the source that can provide an additional economic growth through organizational and technical measures. The object of research is the economy of the Irkutsk region, whose energy efficiency increase is of particular relevance due to the high energy intensity of the economy. The study aims to perform an energy-economic analysis of the Irkutsk region and to make a forecast of the increase in the energy efficiency of the economy. A methodological approach proposed for the research is based on balance and statistical methods. The research involves the development of retrospective energy balances of the Irkutsk region and the calculation of energy efficiency indicators on the basis of these balances. Moreover, based on the statistical methods, the equation of the energy-GRP ratio is devised. The forecast for the energy and economic development of the Irkutsk region is made, the forecast energy balances are developed, based on them, the energy intensity of the regional GRP is calculated for the long term, and measures to increase the energy efficiency are proposed.
Optimization of the composition of the structure of heat sources as applied to the problems of the development of heating systems
Authors: Stennikov V A , Edeleva O A , Fereferov E S
Published: January 2020

The study outlines the concept of the structure of heat sources of developing heating systems and states the problem of searching through structures of heat sources of maximum redundancy for the optimal one. As one of the techniques of solving this problem, the authors propose to split the process of designing heating systems into multiple stages. Within the scope of the above-stated problem, the difficult part is the need to create an automated system to solve the entirety of problems arising at these stages and to reconcile them with each other. We provide a brief overview of the the available software package that we propose to integrate into the process of solving and we underline the complex nature of the interaction of individual software components between each other. The authors propose an approach in the form of the computational experiment setup that enables to consistently coordinate computational procedures with each other. The approach is based on the concept of the energy hub as its theoretical backbone, while in terms of the software implementation it is an instance of an automated information system.
Study of gemmological characteristics and chemical composition of zultanite samples to determine their nature
Authors: Anisimova A A , Ivanova G N
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of gemological examination of inserts into jewellery items marked as “Zultanite” conducted in the research laboratory of Jewelry Design and Technology Department. It was found that this material was not a natural stone zultanite. Therefore, to establish its nature, the chemical composition was determined by non-destructive X-ray spectral fluorescence analysis. The results of the analysis confirmed that these inserts were glass with rare-earth additives (neodymium glass).
Temperature and blend composition influence on emulsion drilling mud effectiveness: a case study of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye oil-gas condensate field
Authors: Averkina E V , Shakirova E V , Buglov N A , Sotnikov A K , Nefedeva E V
Published: January 2020

The use of the hydrocarbon-based emulsion mud (HEM) as a cleaning fluid makes it possible to eliminate many technological difficulties in welldrilling. The article presents the results of thestudy ofthe temperature effect on the HEMrheological properties andsuggests mud formulations for the geological conditions of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye oil-gas condensate field.The study was conducted for six HEMblends witha hydrocarbonbase(oil-to-diesel oil ratio being 100/0 and 60/40) as the dispersionmedium, and a water solution of sodium salt (NaCl)asthe dispersed phase. The HEM evaluation criteria wererheologicalproperties, filtration, and electrical stability. The rheological characteristicsweremeasured at the temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C, whilethe filtration and electrical stability, at room temperature (23±2 °C). The study has shown that for the mud with the oil-to-diesel oil ratio of 60/40, the increase of the content of the functional additives has almost no influence on the mud’s plastic viscosity and electrical stability, while the dynamic shear stress (DSS) increases by a factor of 1.8-2.1 and the static shear stress (SSS), by a factor of 1.87. The presented dataimplies that the HEM’srheological propertiesdepend onthe percentage of diesel oil in the hydrocarbon base and onthe mud temperature.
Electrochemical Destruction of Aromatic Organic Compounds for effective wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhelovitskaya A V , Dresvyannikov A F , Shagidullin A R
Published: January 2020

The research is devoted to the study of the destruction of aromatic organic compound – 1,3-dihydroxybenzene by electrochemical oxidation process. Impact assessment was carried out during the process of such parameters as the concentration 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, nature of medium (pH), electrolysis time, organic matter conversion coefficient, electrochemical cell configuration. Electrochemical destruction process was actualized in coaxial membraneless electrochemical reactor with coaxial electrode arrangement achieving the effective mass-transfer. The results of current density diversification and pH approved the optimal terms to be the current density 4 κA/M2, pH = 11,0. Assessment of conversion coefficient of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene was estimated by spectrophotometric method. Conversion coefficient of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene was 95,78% during 3 hours of electrolysis.
Soils of unique phosphorites’ landscapes of lake Khovsgol’ depression (Mongolia) of Baikal rift zone: ecological features of functioning and necessity for their conservation
Authors: Martynova N A
Published: January 2020

A comprehensive study of ecological functioning features of the soils, formed on outputs of phosphorites’ layers of Ongolignur deposit of Khovsgol phosphorite basin of South-Western branch of Baikal rift zone was conducted. The understanding of the soil-ecological potential of the soil cover of the studied area both in the conditions of natural development of geosystems and under the influence of destabilizing anthropogenic factor was expanded. The possible consequences of the technogenic pressure to the unique natural ecosystem of lake Khovsgol have been studied in aspect of potential mining of the phosphorite deposit. Within the study, it was found that the soil formation, soil chemistry and biogeochemical migration of phosphorus and other elements, the humus state of soils and biological productivity of biocenosises (that is the natural-resource potential) of the study area is strongly determined by the influence of lithogenic basis (matrix) of soil, intrazonal factors and cryogenesis.
The impact of pesticides on the electrogenic activity of the sludge in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Zhdanova G O , Tolstoy M Yu , Kupchinsky A B , Stom D I
Published: January 2020

The influence of Gezagard herbicide (active ingredient – promethrin, 500 g/l) and fungicide Kolosal (active principle – tebuconazole 250 g/l) on the dynamics of electrical indicators of microbial fuel cells (MFC) with activated sludge treatment plants as a bioagent was studied. It was shown that the tested pollutants reduced the electrogenic activity of sludge in MFC when the content in wastewater was from 0.1 g/l. The studied toxicants in the indicated concentrations significantly inhibited the dehydrogenase activity of the sludge microorganisms and the total microbial number. At the same time, the Kolosal fungicide had a more pronounced negative effect on all the studied parameters than the Gezagard herbicide. There is a positive relationship between the results of evaluating the electrogenic activity of sludge and such classical methods of its analysis as dehydrogenase activity and the total microbial number. This suggests that the ability of the sludge to generate an electric current in MFC can be used as one of the parameters for assessing its physiological state. In addition, in the case of a mono-composition of pollutants, MFC with activated sludge can be used as a tool for the initial non-specific assessment of wastewater pollution by pesticides.
Friction Phenomenon Study For the Chain Link – Pin Joint
Authors: Gavrila C C , Lates M T
Published: January 2020

The friction inside the automobile mechanical transmissions leads to a large influence of the classic fuel consumption and also to the environment impact. Actually, the chain drive is one of the most important transmission inside a car and has few friction sources inside, as the properly chain friction between its components (links, pins), the friction between the chain links and the sprockets and also the friction between the chain links and the tensioning guide active part. The paper main objective is to study the friction phenomenon in the chain link – pin contact for different loads. The tests are achieved for different sets of motion rotational speeds and normal loads; so according to these, there are determined the dynamic friction coefficient (during the motion) and the static friction coefficient (at the stroke ends). The results led to the static and dynamic friction coefficient variation, with the motion rotational speed and the normal loading force. In the final part, the conclusions are presented.
Comparative study of the friction phenomenon in the contact between the guide and the bush and silent chain links
Authors: Lates M T , Gavrila C C
Published: January 2020

The optimisation process of the chain drives includes the development of new chain links in order to reduce the noises, the vibrations and the non-linearity of the motions. One solution is the development of the silent chains in order to replace the bush chains. According to the literature, the silent chains have a better dynamic behaviour instead of bush chains but there are only few studies regarding their frictional behaviour. As part of the global friction in a chain drive transmission, the paper presents an experimental comparative study of the friction between a PA46 polyamide material (used to manufacture the active part of the tensioning guide) and the bush chain and silent chains respectively. The tests are performed on a tribometer by considering different rotational speeds, local pressures and temperatures. The results are presented as variations of the dynamic and static friction coefficients depending on the test parameters. Finally there are offered conclusions regarding the practical applications of the results.
Wear’s issues on high-pressure common rail pumps
Authors: Iordache R C , Petrea N D , Bujoreanu C
Published: January 2020

High-pressure pumps are the most important components of modern fuel injection systems. A modern system is the common rail one, equipping vehicles with a diesel or a gasoline engine. Depending on the fuel type, the design of the pumps is completely different, and it is more complex for diesel engines that are more prone to wear. The components subjected to wear are those in contact and continuous motion like drive shaft with roller and shoe, plunger and hydraulic head assembly with valves. Wear is initiated as a result of a process and product deviations or inadequate exploitation of the high-pressure pump. The factors influencing the wear can be improper material hardness, improper coating, incomplete or wrong machining, wrong clearance or misalignment between components, inadequate surface finish, dimensions out of tolerances, wrong assembly process, poor lubrication, contamination or running at high loads and temperatures. Our paper aims to identify, describe and discuss the types of wear encountered at common rail high-pressure pumps, highlighting the effects on their functionality. The wear occurrence can be prevented by paying more attention to the design details, manufacturing processes and correct exploitation of the high-pressure pumps.
Determining the tribological properties of different 3D printing filaments
Authors: Maries I-T , Vilau C , Pustan M S , Dudescu C , Crisan H G
Published: January 2020

The paper aims to determine the friction coefficient and wear behaviour of different 3D filaments in contact with a metallic disc. The method used for testing was the pin-on-disc method, where 3D half inch diameter pins with a half sphere end were printed out of the different filaments and rotated on the disc. The optimal time for measuring the friction coefficient was determined by observing when a sudden change in friction was recorded by the sensor as a result of material deposition on the disc. All filaments were tested for the same amount of time using the same normal loads. The friction behaviour was monitored and the mass wear was determined by weighting the spheres before and after each test. The research work of this paper was orientated to determine which 3D printing filament is most suitable for building different parts that come in contact with one another such as parts for creating an innovative 3D printed smart shoes sole.
Comparative study on the behaviour of a serial robot RRR and hand-arm human systems
Authors: Cristea A. F.
Published: January 2020

The paper creates a preamble in the comparative study regarding the loading of vibrations on a robotic system RRR or 3R and hand-arm homologous system. In this study, vibration measurements and comparative analyze are conducted for the two systems, trying to correlate similarities between them, but of the different scale.
Some considerations regarding the influence of working conditions on the corrosion wear of the injection water treatment plant equipment
Authors: Dudu C , Drumeanu A C , Ripeanu R G , Dinita A
Published: January 2020

One of the methods used for the secondary exploitation of oil deposits is the water injection. The injected water is obtained after the separation of the well extracted fluid that contains a mixture of crude oil, water, gases and solid particles. Prior to injection, water must meet the following requirements: a high degree of purity obtained thought the lowest possible mechanical and oil content; lower degree of aggressiveness (corrosion); the highest stability; compatibility with the fluids and minerals in the reservoir formation; low oxygen content and bacteria. The fulfilment of these requirements must be ensured by the water treatment plant whose equipment is subjected to corrosion wear. The equipment degradation are occurring mainly at pipelines and connecting elements of the flotation skid, in the form of advanced corrosion wear because the water injection contains an inconsistent composition mixture of dissolved gases, hydrocarbons, solid particles. The paper presents the regression analyses that emphasize the influence of chemical water composition and fluid speed on the corrosion rate of the different equipment parts. The corrosion rates were obtained using metallic samples according with the NACE SP0775-2013 standard that were placed in different points of the plant. The paper results can be used both at the water plant exploitation and also to next studies concerning the effectiveness of the corrosion inhibition on the corrosion rate.
Erosion modelling: a systematic review of available models and equations
Authors: Lospa A M , Ripeanu R G , Dinita A
Published: January 2020

Across the years there was an increased attention drawn by erosion modelling, both as a general approach and also towards pipeline applications (with a concentration on pipe bends). Several authors have studied the phenomena and tried to explain the mechanisms and factors affecting the emergence and magnitude of erosion. Most of the proposed models and equations were developed for ductile materials, with a smaller part looking also at brittle materials. There are several differences observed, starting with the proposed wear mechanism and continuing with the parameters used in the equations as significant factors (for the erodent particles, target material and working conditions). The most important models and equations are analysed and presented in this article and a systematic visual representation is used to ease and simplify the understanding of the erosion modelling evolution across the years (erosion modelling in general conditions, empirical erosion modelling in pipes and bends, CFD erosion modelling in pipes and bends).
The Effect of Working Parameters upon Oil-Lubricated EHD Contacts Subjected to Load Variation
Authors: Zhang X , Glovnea R
Published: January 2020

The technique of optical interferometry incorporated within a ball-on-disc apparatus has been widely used in the field of the experimental research in thin-film lubrication for approximately the past five decades. This paper presents the theoretical analysis of the dynamic response of an optical interferometry based experimental rig adapted for non-steady work. The dynamic response of the rig was analytically modelled as a three-degree of freedom, forced harmonic vibrating system with damping. Quantitative evaluation of damping of EHD contact was not one of the objectives of this paper, but the results obtained showed the opportunity to try a rather qualitative analysis. The aims of this experimental study are to investigate the effect of entrainment speed and overall film thickness on the oil film thickness of an EHD contact subjected to load cyclic variation. Experimental tests were carried out using different type of base oils with various viscosity. The behaviour of the EHD films was studied and analysed under forced harmonic load vibrations with frequency up to 100 Hz. The tests performed with lubricants of lower viscosity have shown that deviations from steady state film thickness become less and less pronounced as the viscosity of the lubricant decreases. When the amplitude of the oscillatory motion is significantly larger than the deformations of the surfaces under loading, it was observed that fluid entrainment is less important and film squeeze plays the dominant role in the film behaviour.
Factors Influencing the Triboelectric Charging of Granular Plastics in a Rotating-cylinder-type Tribocharger
Authors: Achouri I E , Zeghloul T , Medles K , Richard G , Dascalescu L
Published: January 2020

The electric charging of granular plastics in view of their electrostatic separation is one of the major industrial applications of the triboelectric phenomenon. The granules get charged by collisions and frictions with each-others and with the walls of the tribocharging device. In electrostatic separation applications, the granules of a mixture must be sufficiently charged to be attracted by electrodes of opposite polarity for their separation by type of material. The objective of the present work is to study the effects of three factors that influence the triboelectric charging of polycarbonate granules (size: 2 mm to 5 mm) originating from waste electric and electronic equipment in a rotating-cylinder-type device: particle residence time, cylinder inclination and its rotation speed. The performance of the triboelectric charger was evaluated by measuring the charge per mass ratio of the granules collected at the outlet of the device.
A study for an aluminum electro-thermally actuated U-shaped microtweezer
Authors: Voicu R-C , Pustan M , Birleanu C , Gavrila R , Romanitan C , Tutunaru O , Cismaru A
Published: January 2020

In this paper we present the investigations of two aluminium layers with different thicknesses in order to be used for manufacturing of MEMS and the design, simulation, fabrication and characterizations of a microtweezer designated for micromanipulation applications. Electro-thermo-mechanical finite-element simulations were performed in order to describe the behaviour of MEMS devices. The microtweezers have been fabricated in aluminium, as structural material, by surface micromachining processes. Different characterizations of the structural material by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-ray Diffraction System (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization tools were presented.