bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot Electro-synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Capped Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) from Ethanol Media
Authors: Aghazadeh Mustafa , Karimzadeh Isa
Published: August 2017

Background:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are known for various
biomedical applications like hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. These
magnetic particles should be capped with certain biocompatible agents. In this regard, it is a technological
challenge to control size, shape, stability, and dispersibility of SPIONs in desired mediums.

Methods:

Cathodic electrosynthesis procedure was used for the preparation of naked SPIONs. Naked
SPIONs were prepared by galvanostatic electrodeposition by applying the current density of 5 mA
cm-2 for 30 min. For preparation of chitosan capped SPIONs, only the composition of deposition
electrolyte was changed with the addition of 1 g L–1 chitosan. The prepared NPs were characterized
through FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, DLS and VSM techniques.

Results:

The XRD patterns have the well-defined and relative broad diffraction peaks, which confirmed
spinal magnetite structure for both naked CS capped SPIONs. FE-SEM images which clearly
showed that both samples have a well-defined 10nm particles with no obvious aggregation. IR bands
related to the chemical bonds of chitosan were observed, which proved a chitosan coating. The superparamagnetic
nature of the prepared naked and CS-SPIONs were confirmed by VSM data.

Conclusion:

In summary, a facile electrochemical based platform was developed for the synthesis of
chitosan capped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from ethanol media. The observed
weight loss (~16%) during the calcination of the CS- SPIONs, and also the presence of vibration
bands related to the chitosan bands confirmed the chitosan layer on the SPIONs. Also, superparamagnetic
nature of the CS capped SPIONs was confirmed by VSM data.
Comparison of NAA XRF and ICP-OES Methods on Analysis of Heavy Metals in Coals and Combustion Residues
Authors: Taftazani Agus , Roto Roto , Ananda Novitasari Restu , Murniasih Sri
Published: August 2017

Heavy metals in the samples of coals and combustion residues (bottom ash and fly ash) from Pacitan coal-fired power plant (CPP) have been identified by using NAA, XRF, and ICP-OES methods. This research was aimed to understand the analysis results correlation coefficient (R) and determine the enrichment ratio (ER) value of the samples by using three analysis methods. The results showed 10 elements have been simultaneously detected in all samples. The correlation coefficient of analysis results of metals content in coals by using NAA-XRF, XRF-ICP OES and with ICPOES-NAA methods gives R2£1 respectively. The correlation coefficient of analysis results of metals content in bottom ash and fly ash by using the methods of NAA-XRF, XRF-ICPOES, and ICPOES-NAA gained R2»1 respectively. ICP-OES method was most satisfactory in this study. The value of ER for identified metals by using the three methods in the samples of bottom ash and fly ash yielded the value over one, and ER value of fly ash was greater in comparison to the bottom ash.
Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Study of 4,4′-Oxydianiline Imines as Precursors of Tetrahalo-1,3-oxazepine-1,5-dione
Authors: Kshash Abdullah Hussein , Mokhlef Mohammed Ghannam
Published: August 2017

This work presents four Schiff bases derived from 4,4′-Oxydianiline, distinguished by the para substituted halogen of benzaldehyde. These bases were used to synthesize eight compounds of di-1,3-oxazepine by direct condensation with tetrachloro phthalic anhydride and tetrabromo phthalic anhydride. The reactions were monitored with TLC and all structures were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and C, H, N techniques. On the other hand, a theoretical study by Density Functional Theory (DFT) for the electronic structures was intended to study the effects of para-substituted halogen of benzaldehyde on the electronic structure of synthesized Schiff bases by using the Gaussian program. Theoretical results indicate that there is no effect of halogen atoms except for bromine on HOMO and LUMO energies of the synthesized compounds.
Supramolecular Phosphorescent Trinuclear Copper(I) Pyrazolate Complexes for Vapochromic Chemosensors of Ethanol
Authors: Lintang Hendrik Oktendy , Ghazalli Nur Fatiha , Yuliati Leny
Published: August 2017

We highlight that by using supramolecular single crystals of phosphorescent trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate complexes with different molecular structures (2A-E), vapochromic chemosensors were successfully designed for sensing ethanol with high sensing capability. These complexes 2A-E were synthesized from non-side chain, 3,5-dimethyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl), 3,5-diphenyl and 4-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-3,5-dimethyl pyrazole ligands (1A-E) in 83, 97, 99, 88 and 85% yields, respectively. All complexes showed emission bands centered at 553, 584, 570 and 616 nm upon an excitation at 280 nm for complexes 2A-C,E, respectively and 642 nm upon an excitation at 321 nm for complex 2D with lifetime in microseconds, indicating a large Stoke shift for phosphorescent compounds. These emission spectra were in good agreement with their colors from green to red upon exposure to a UV lamp with an excitation at 254 nm in dark room. Upon exposure to ethanol in 5 min, quenching, photoinduced energy transfer and shifting of emission intensities were observed for chemosensors 2A-C, 2D and 2E, respectively. Interestingly, chemosensor 2E only showed completely and autonomously recovery of its original emission intensity. Such novel finding in sensing capability might be caused by a weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction of ethanol to oxygen atoms at dimethoxybenzyl side-chains of the pyrazole ring.
Validation of a Non-Specific Dye Real-Time PCR Assay for Porcine Adulteration in Meatball Using ND5 Primer
Authors: Raharjo Tri Joko , Alfiraza Ery Nourika , Enjelina Esti , Pranowo Deni
Published: August 2017

Porcine adulteration in meatball samples were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), based on the ND5 primer obtained by previous study. This work consisted of three stages which were annealing temperature optimization, method validation, and application. DNA template was extracted using phenol-CIAA (chloroform-iso amyl alcohol) method. The optimum annealing temperature for ND5 primers (forward primer 5'-CATTCGCCTCACTCACATTAACC-3' and reverse primer 5'-AAGAGAGAGTTCTACGGTCTGTAG-3') was 58.0 °C, obtained after testing annealing at 50.5 to 59.5 °C gradient temperature with 5 °C interval. Melting curve analysis was done at 65.0 to 95.0 °C, with increasing temperature for 0.5 °C per 2 sec. Method was validated for its specificity, precision and limit of detection. RT-PCR method with ND5 primers produced 227 bp DNA fragment with 78.50 °C Tm value. From eight commercial meatball samples, one was detected containing porcine. The methods showed high specificity and precision, with experimentally determined limits for porcine were no less than 1%.
Technique of Batch Adsorption for the Elimination of (Malachite Green) Dye from Industrial Waste Water by Exploitation Walnut Shells as Sorbent
Authors: Ali Luma Ahmed Mohammed , Farhood Ahmed Saleh , Ali Firas Fadhel
Published: August 2017

This study proposes an easy and cheap technique to get rid of dangerous Malachite Green (MG) dye from waste material by victimization carbon from walnut shells. The simple treatment was carried out by heating at temperature in which was set to the best carbonization degree to arrange carbon from these shells; thus, the temperature was set to 200 °C. Optimum conditions for sorption like the quantity of adsorbent, contact time, particle size of adsorbent, pH scale and initial MG concentration were conjointly examined. The results showed that the simplest removal was obtained once victimization 1 g of carbon with particle size 150 μM and time contact 150 min. However, the sorption of the dye was not affected by the pH except the sorption was very low at pH = 2. The removal potency was high approximating 99.53%. The results conjointly showed that the sorption equilibrium of MG onto carbon that was ready from the walnut shell has been evaluated via Langmuir and Freundlich models.
Effect of Anodizing Time and Annealing Temperature on Photoelectrochemical Properties of Anodized TiO2 Nanotube for Corrosion Prevention Application
Authors: Misriyani Misriyani , Wahab Abdul Wahid , Taba Paulina , Gunlazuardi Jarnuzi
Published: August 2017

A study on the influence of anodizing time, annealing temperature and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotube (TiO2 NT) has been investigated. The crystallinity was investigated using X-Ray Diffraction and the anti-corrosion performance of stainless steel 304 (SS 304) coupled with TiO2 NT was evaluated using electrochemical techniques under ultraviolet exposure. The optimum anodizing condition occurs at a voltage of 20 V for 3 h. After anodizing, the TiO2 NT amorf was calcined at 500 °C to obtain anatase crystalline phase. For the photoelectrochemical property, the effects of pH and NaCl concentration on corrosion prevention have been examined. The result showed that the corrosion rate of stainless steel 304 coupled with TiO2 NT can be reduced up to 1.7 times compared to the uncoupled stainless steel 304 (3.05×10-6 to 1.78×10-6 mpy) under ultraviolet exposure by shifted the photopotential to the more negative value (-0.302 V to -0.354 V) at a pH of 8 and 3% NaCl concentration (-0.264 V to -0.291 V). In conclusion, the TiO2 NT films, which was prepared by anodization and followed by annealing can prevent the corrosion of stainless steel 304.
Esterification of Crude Palm Oil Using H2SO4 and Transesterification Using CaO Catalyst Derived from Anadara granosa
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Anita Sofia , Amri Tengku Ariful , Linggawati Amilia
Published: August 2017

In this study biodiesel was produced from crude palm oil through two-step processes, namely esterification reactions using homogeneous H2SO4 catalyst and transesterification using the heterogeneous base CaO catalyst derived from Anadara granosa shell. Several parameters affecting to the yields of biodiesel were investigated including the amount of the catalysts, the molar ratios of oil to methanol, reaction times and reaction temperatures. The CaO catalyst was prepared by calcining the A. granosa shells at the temperatures of 800 and 900 °C for 10 h. The as-synthesized biodiesel was analyzed using GC and its characteristics were determined and the results were compared to Standard National for Biodiesel (SNI 04-7183-2006). The optimum condition for the esterification process (step 1) was as follows: reaction temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 3 h and mol ratio of oil to methanol 1:24. For the transesterification (step 2) the optimum conditions were attained using the catalyst weight 3%, reaction temperature of 60 °C, reaction time of 3 h, mole ratio of oil/methanol 1:6 and the catalyst calcination time of 10 h with the conversion of 87.17%. This biodiesel yield by the two-step processes was higher (2.7%) than that using only one-step process (transesterification).
Characteristics of Fresh Fruit Bunch Yield and the Physicochemical Qualities of Palm Oil during Storage in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Basyuni Mohammad , Amri Nofrizal , Putri Lollie Agustina Pancawaraswati , Syahputra Indra , Arifiyanto Deni
Published: August 2017

This study examines the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield and the effect of fruit storage on the quality of palm oil in Bangun Bandar Estate, Dolok Masihul, North Sumatra, with special reference to the physicochemical parameters. The quality of palm oil is mostly determined by the color, free fatty acids (FFAs), moisture, impurities, carotene content, and deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI). The palm fruits were stored in a refrigerator for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after harvesting before analyzing their carotenoid content, DOBI, FFAs, moisture, and impurities. The results showed that the potency of the crude palm oil (CPO) types, dura, pisifera, and tenera, were 23.5, 26.2, and 23.6%, respectively. The carotenoid content and DOBI of the palm oil types, dura, pisifera, and tenera, were decreased significantly by lengthy storage of the fruit. By contrast, lengthy storage of the fruit significantly increased the FFA, moisture, and impurity contents of these palm oil types, indicating that this reduced the quality of the palm oil. Oil processed from FFB has excellent quality with a high carotene content and DOBI, and a low concentration of FFA, moisture, and impurities. The present study contributes to palm oil stability and nutritional value.
Analysis of Rice Price Trend and Vertical Integration of Rice Market in Indonesia
Authors: Kusumaningsih Asih , Jamhari Jamhari , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi
Published: August 2017

The aims of this study were (1) to determine the trend of retail rice price in Indonesia and the price of grain at the farmer level in Indonesia and (2) to identify the vertical integration of the rice market in Indonesia. The monthly data of retail rice price and the price of grain at the farmer level (price of harvested dried grain at the farmer level) in Indonesia during January 2008 - January 2016 were used in this study. The least squares method was applied to determine the trend of prices, while Co-integration Model of Engle-Granger and ECM was used to estimate the vertical integration of Indonesian rice market. The results indicated that both types of prices had an upward trend. In the analysis of the vertical integration of rice market in Indonesia, there was a long-term balance relationship and short-term equilibrium relationship.
Root Morphology of Eight Hybrid Oil Palms Under Iron (Fe) Toxicity
Authors: Nurmalasari Aprilia Ike , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila , Yudono Prapto
Published: August 2017

The research aims to study the change of morphology root characters of eight hybrid oil palms under iron toxicity (Fe). Field experiment done in arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was Fe concentration. It consists of two levels which are concentration 0µ.g-1 and concentration 600 µg.g-1 Fe. The second factor is the hybrid of oil palms which consists of eight hybrid oil palms as Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 718, PPKS 540 and Dumpy. Fe was applied by pouring FeSO4 solvent for 600 µg.g-1 500 ml.-1plant.-1day-1 on two months of plants after transplanting in the main nursery. Data were collected on root morphology and plant dry weight The data were analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significanly, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The relationships by among variables were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that Fe concentration 600 µg.g-1 inhibits relatively root growth rate, narrows surface area, reduces the diameter, and shrinks root volume of all hybrid oil palms tested. The slowing relatively root growth rate, narrowing of root surface area and root diameter also root volume shrinkage due to Fe stress. It was also shown that the dry weight of plants was inhibit by existing of Fe toxicity.
Survey and Detection of Pectobacterium atrosepticum in Major Potato-Growing Areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ismiyatuningsih Ismiyatuningsih , Joko Tri , Hartono Sedyo
Published: August 2017

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a seasonal shrub-tuber crop originated from sub-tropical area. Soft-rot is one of the most important diseases of potato. It can be caused by Pectobactorium atrosepticum, a pathogen within a status of quarantine plant pest A1 type I in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to know the incidence of potato soft rot disease and to detect P. atrosepticum in major potato-growing areas in Central Java Province by applying the serology method using DAS-ELISA technique. Survey of soft rot disease was carried out in some regencies in Central Java Province, i.e. Magelang, Banjarnegara, Wonosobo and Karanganyar. The field survey of potato plant in all the regencies indicated symptoms of stem rot which was black in color (blackleg) and foul-smelling, with disease incidence of about 10–90%. The laboratory testing showed that by applying DAS-ELISA method, P. atrosepticum was detected in samples collected from Pandean and Bagongan villages, district of Ngablak,Regency of Magelang, Central Java Province.
Numerical method for an assessment of steady and motion-excited flowfields in a transonic cascade wind tunnel
Authors: Tateishi Atsushi , Watanabe Toshinori , Himeno Takehiro , Uzawa Seiji
Published: August 2017

This article presents a numerical method and its application for an assessment of the flow field inside a wind tunnel. A structured computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) solver with overset mesh technique is developed in order to simulate geometrically complex configurations. Applying the developed solver, a whole transonic cascade wind tunnel is modeled and simulated by a two-dimensional manner. The upstream and downstream periodicity of the cascade and the effect of the tunnel wall on the unsteady flow field are focused on. From the steady flow simulations, the existence of an optimum throttle position for the best periodicity for each tailboard angle is shown, which provides appropriate aerodynamic characteristics of ideal cascades in the wind tunnel environment. Unsteady simulations with blade oscillation is also conducted, and the difference in the influence coefficients between ideal and wind tunnel configurations becomes large when the pressure amplitude increases on the lower blades.
Effectiveness of high irradiance for short-time exposures on polymerization of composite under metal brackets
Authors: Faria-e-Silva André L. , Covell David A. , Ferracane Jack L. , Pfeifer Carmem S.
Published: August 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of different curing modes available in a dental light-curing unit on degree of conversion (DC) of a composite photoactivated under a metal orthodontic bracket.

Materials and Methods:

The average irradiance and total energy delivered by three curing modes (standard, high, and extra power) of a multiwave LED unit (Valo Cordless, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) were measured using the longest time available for each mode (20, 4, and 3 seconds, respectively). Brackets (n = 3/group) were bonded to molar epoxy resin replicas using each curing mode. Mesiodistal sections, 0.5 mm thick, were assessed using an infrared spectrometer microscope. Spectra of composite beneath the brackets were sequentially collected using the mapping tool in near-infrared (NIR)-transmittance mode. Composite conversion was mapped between the mesial and distal edges of the bracket base using 400-μm steps for a total of 10 measurements per specimen. Data from irradiance and total energy were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, while data of DC were analyzed with two-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results:

The highest DC values were observed for standard power (mean 56%, P < .05), while no difference was observed between high (50%) and extra power (49%) modes. Regarding the site of measurement, higher DC was observed close to the bracket edges (52%, P < .05).

Conclusions:

The use of high irradiance for a short time slightly reduced the DC. The small magnitude of reduction suggests that use of a high irradiance protocol is a clinically valid approach when bonding metal brackets.
Housing Development and Land Conversion at the Surrounding Area of Yogyakarta City
Authors: Ritohardoyo Su
Published: August 2017

The acceleration urbanization has resulted in the growing number of housing in the rural area of surrounding city. As a consequence the size of converted agriculture land is also getting larger. However, the distribution of housing development and the impact on agriculture land have not yet been explored thoroughly through research. Therefore, this research aims at exposing rural-urbanization around city, housing development, and the conversion degree of agriculture land for housing. This research was carried out in the rural area around Yogyakarta city. It encompassed administrative divisions of Sleman and Bantul Districts. The research method is based on secondary data analysis. Several data are among other on population growth and housing distribution of 269 locations within the two districts. Data analysis employs of frequency and cross tabulation, statistics of regression and t test. Result of the research shows that rural-urbanization in around Yogyakarta has been so high. The proportion of rural-urbanized area has increased from 8.7 percents in 1980 to 43.5 percents in 1990, and 66.5 percents in the year of 2000. Similarly, the proportion of rural-urbanized population has increased from 13.2 percents in 1980 to 54.7 percents in 1990, and within 10 years (2000) it becomes 75.3 percents. Housing development of the rural area at the surrounding city was started with only 7 housing locations consisted of 59 units of building in 1973 to be 269 housing locations with 35.356 units of building in 2000. The rate of increase of the building 1.349 units per anum. The spatial and temporal characteristics of housing development of rural and urban area are different. In northern part of Yogyakarta, housing development has been growing since 1973 with the rate of growth 601 units per anum. In southern side of Yogyakarta, housing development in the rural area of Yogyakarta has been growing since 1980 with the rate of growth of 967 units per anum. Analysis result shows that number of construction in all housing site will reach 72.775 units in the year of 2025, out of wich 22.878 units will be in Bantul and 49.897 units in Sleman. The impact of the housing development is the conversion of mostly agriculture land, i.e. paddy field (67%), and only a small percentage are dry land and homestead. Within the last 27 years there has been 1,232.93 hectares of land conversion i.e. 1,068.45 hectares in Sleman and 164.47 hectares in Bantul. The rate of conversion in Sleman is 41.09 hectares per anum, whereas in Bantul it is 9.67 hectares per anum. It is predicted that land conversion in around Yogyakarta City in 2025 will be doubled to be 2.464 hectares. The distribution of this conversion will be dominant in Sleman, i.e. 2.123 hectares as compared to 341 hectares in Bantul.
The Ready System of Clean Water for Population in Musuk District to Respon Dry Season
Authors: Priyana Yuli , Safriningsih Dina
Published: August 2017

This research about ready system of clean water in District of Musuk, Sub-Province of Boyolali. This research aim to study how ready system of clean water, research area especially of dry season. That wish to know how much amount of resident drinking water consumption at area District of Musuk. The method of research in this research is survey method. The data which collected in this research consist of primary data result of interview by 150 responded (head of house hold) and perception in field. Secondary data an obtain from governmental institution, books, other resource person and reference related to this topic of research. Intake of sample done with area of random sampling, to know the target of research to description analyses and tabulation. The result of research indicate that ready system of clean water at dry season most relying on rainwater with accommodating the rainwater at pools, besides to overcome water of water supply of rain of society buy water of springs pass tank truck, small to partly use surface water and also of PDAM. Water consumption at mean dry season 48.47 liter/day/capita. But at high area (volcanic slope) its slimmer consumption in comparing plain area of Fluvial foot/feet of Volcano.
Critical Land Detection using Remote Sensing Device and Geographic Information (Case Study of Critical Land Basic of Catchments Area, Alang, Wonogiri)
Authors: Harjadi Beny
Published: August 2017

Work criteria and indicator of Catchments Area need to be determined because the success and the failure of cultivating Catchments Area can be monitored and evaluated through the determined criteria. Criteria Indicators in utilizing land, one of them is determined based on the erosion index and the ability of utilizing land, for analyzing the land critical level. However, the determination of identification and classification of land critical level has not been determined; as a result the measurement of how wide the real critical land is always changed all the year. In this study, it will be tried a formula to determine the land critical/eve/ with various criteria such as: Class KPL (Ability of Utilizing Land) and the difference of the erosion tolerance value with the great of the erosion compared with land critical level analysis using remote sensing devices. The aim of studying land critical level detection using remote sensing tool and Geographic Information System (SIG) are:1. The backwards and the advantages of critical and analysis method2. Remote Sensing Method for critical and classification3. Critical/and surveyed method in the field (SIG) Collecting and analyzing data can be found from the field survey and interpretation of satellite image visually and using computer. The collected data are analyzed as:a. Comparing the efficiency level and affectivity of collecting biophysical data through field survey, sky photo interpretation, and satellite image analysis.b. Comparing the efficiency level and affectivity of land critical level data that are found from the result of KPL with the result of the measurement of the erosion difference and erosion tolerance.
Spatial Analysis of Macro Economic in Central Java (PDRB Analysis in Year 1993-2003)
Authors: Kiswanto Eddy
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to study the spatial analysis macroeconomics condition in central Java from 1993-2001 base on PDRB analysis. Central Java stands in the last position in the economic in Central Java based on PDRB variable and economic growth is in the lowest category in the comparation with another provinces in Java. This is reason why Central Java is categorized as "LL" (Low low). One of the prime sectors in Central Java is small medium scale enterprises which is dominated 30% of national market, but since the economic crisis stroke in 1997 the manufacture sector, especially industry and processing had collapse. In 1996-1997, the level of manufacture growth increased to 14.4% but then decreased until minus 19.3%. This condition caused by bankruptcy to many of the industries. The poverty profile in Central Java from 1999-2003 is average 23.3% from the total population every years. Central Java stepping to number 2 in level of poverty absolute number 1. In poverty relativity level, Central Java became number 1 in Java from 2002-2003 with the level of poverty reached above the national average. This fact shows the unsuccessfully effort in reducing the poverty level.
Evaluasi Potensi Degradasi Lahan dengan Menggunakan Analisa Kemampuan Lahan dan Tekanan Penduduk terhadap Lahan Pertanian di Kecamatan Kokap Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Authors: Sartohadi Junun
Published: August 2017

Kokap sub district is located in Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta Province. It has some problems of landslides and misuse of land. The research was proposed to determine the regions having potential of land degradation based on the land capability and population pressure analysis. This research was carried out using field survey. The field survey was based on landform unit as area sampling unit. The (Land Classification and Land Use Planning) LCLP software was applied for land capability classification. The Soemarwoto method was applied for the evaluation of population pressure on the agriculture land. The results of this research were: (1) land capability in the study area was varies from class II – class VII with limitation factors of slope, soil erodibility, soil texture, soil permeability and soil effective depth, (2) the whole study area fell into high population pressure class (that means it had exceed of its land capability), (3) most of the study area (51.9%) had been classified into high potential of land degradation.
Akurasi Metode IDW dan Kriging untuk Interpolasi Sebaran Sedimen Tersuspensi
Authors: Pramono Gatot H.
Published: August 2017

Physical conditions of seawater in coastal area can be studied by sampling at several locations. To perform spatial analysis, the data should be interpolated to get the values between sample points. Several approaches for interpolation may result in different outcomes. The purpose of this research is to compare Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Kriging methods. Their parameters are studied using the total suspended sediments in Maros area, South Sulawesi. The results show that the more accurate interpolation is obtained by using IDW method than using Kriging method.
The Landslide Distribution in Loano Sub-District, Purworejo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sartohadi Junun
Published: August 2017

This research was proposed to figure out the importance of human influence on landslide disaster. The research objectives were: (1) to map the locations of landslide during the period of January 2004-March 2008 of the study area; (2) to map the degree of landslide hazard of the study area; (3) to analyze the distribution of landslide based on the landslide hazard map; and (4) to analyze the distribution of landslide based on the road network. The method of this research consists of field survey and laboratory works. The field survey was intended to map the location of landslide which happened during the period of January 2004 up to March 2008. The land characteristics and land qualities data have been collected based on geomorphological approach. The laboratory works were proposed to analyze the field data of land characteristics and land qualities for landslide hazards classification and mapping purposes. Scoring method was applied for landslide hazard evaluation. Some geographical information techniques were applied for mapping purposes and spatial data analysis of landslide distribution. Map overlay and buffering techniques were applied during landslide distribution analysis. The results of the research showed that: (1) there were 291 landslides collected during the research period; (2) the study area consists of very high, high, moderate, and low of landslide hazard classes. There was no safe area of landslide hazard within the study area; (3) most the landslide occasions were more influenced by human activities than derived by physical conditions. Some of human activities that induced landslide in the study area were slope cutting for: road construction, houses, agricultural purposes, and sand and stone mining in the river canal; (4) the spatial distribution of most landslide (>90%) were parallel with road networks.
Tinjauan Geografis "Litoralisasi" di Kawasan Pesisir Selatan Yogyakarta
Authors: Triyono T
Published: August 2017

"Littoralization" can be geographically studied based on geomorphological approach and landuse system. The method of coastal geography provides useful data of geomorphology and landuse system. This research was conducted in the coastal area of south of Yogyakarta. To process spatial data was used Geographic Information System (GIS) methods (i.e. Aerial photography, satellite imagery, and field observation results). The results showed that the research area has a volcanic sandy coastal typology with flat to sloping topography. Further, this typology is divided into three units of typology, the active beach ridge and sand dunes, non-active beach ridge, and the foot hills. Development of the settlements tends toward the sea due to economic dependence on beach tourism.
Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis pada Pemantauan Status Gizi Balita di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Mutalazimah M , Handaga Bana , Sigit Agus Anggoro
Published: August 2017

The research was conducted to develop the information system model on nutrition status of child monitoring based on geographical information system (GIS) to support the plan of increasing the nutrition improvement at the District Health Office, Sukoharjo Regency. This descriptive research was carried out by implementing interview to subjects who were involved in the activity of the monitoring. Observation was also performed to two objects, namely the structure and the procedure of information. The collected data were analyzed descriptively by applying result of structure and the procedure analysis. The system development was designed by using the approach of FAST (Framework for the Application of System Techniques). The observation to the problem, scope, and property had been conducted by the interview with the subjects indicate that the research subjects at all levels from top managers to persons in the transactional level as well as those who are at cross section department support the development of monitoring system to the improvement of nutrition status program, and this system is reliable to mapping perform of nutrition status of child based on the category as severe malnutrition, under nutrition, normal and overweight. In the future nutrition information based on GIS have the benefits of the new system in supporting the monitoring activity toward the nutrition improvement program and it also supports the plan. Suggestions from this research might go to the government health institution to develop spatial or terrestrial data on the health programs have to be designed GIS for the each other program. Moreover, the other model should be developed GIS in the other spatial data and information can be accessed by informative map.
Pola Spasial Transformasi Wilayah di Koridor Yogyakarta-Surakarta
Authors: Giyarsih Sri Rum
Published: August 2017

This research is conducted in Yogyakarta-Surakarta Corridor which become an intercity corridor that has been experiencing regional transformation. The aim of this research is to analyze the pattern of regional transformation using secondary data. The research covers all of villages along Yogyakarta-Surakarta Corridor (206 villages). The data processing employs SPSS program to apply quantitative and qualitative analysis method. The result show that the higher the physical accessibility, the higher is the degree of regional transformation. This research also reveals that high regional transformation patterns which are drawn by five variables, scattered in the villages which have high physical accessibility degrees and that the villages which have low physical accessibility degrees confirm the reverse level.
Analisis Karakteristik Parameter Hidrologi akibat Alih Fungsi Lahan di Daerah Sukoharjo melalui Citra Landsat Tahun 1997 dengan Tahun 2002
Authors: Anna Alif Noor , Kaeks Retno Woro , Astuti Wahyuni Apri
Published: August 2017

The Study, carried out Sukoharjo, deals with the effect of land function change from 1997 to 2002 toward the change of chosen hydrological parameters. The hydrological parameter constituses the coefficient runoff (C), the extra soil water (id), and the amount of constant stream (Wa). The process of land function the change is searched by using landsat image composit RGB (Red Green Blue) 452. Meanwhile, the aims of the study are (1) to determine the types and distribution for the process of land function change, and (2) to analyze the change of coefficient value runoff (C), the extra soil water (Id), and the amount of constant stream (Wa) within the area of research. The result of the study shown that there are many types of land function change, which occurred in almost all the area of research except the one type coming from the river becoming wet/dry rice field/residence/forest of which only occurred in Nguter sub district. The condition because of the straightening Bengawan Solo River in the sub district, cousequenly, the land function change proceses from the river into the land and vice versa. Moreover, of the 7 types of land function change in the area of research, the widest type of land function change covering the whole district is a change from forest/ horticulture/dry or wet rice field into residence. The effect of such a change has also caused a change in the characteristics of chosen hydrological parameter. Such a change can be seen from the value C, Id, and Wa. Furthermore, the change can be clarified as follow: the value C and Wa tend to rise while Id tends to decrease. This mean that the land function change has resulted in great abundant and decrease of water absorbed in the soil. In general, the availability of water source within the area can still be supplied from the seemingly increased constant stream. Such a condition might be caused by the ratio between the built land and the proportional open land of which about > 30 % of the whole space.
Ameliorasi Iklim melalui Zonasi Hutan Kota berdasarkan Peta Sebaran Polutan Udara
Authors: Rushayati Siti Badriyah , Dahlan Endes N. , Hermawan Rachmad
Published: August 2017

Bandung regency is one of the cities with many environmental problems oc like other cities in Indonesia. These problems are the continues increasing the number and density of population, and the increasing increased industrial and transportation. On the other hard, the forest area and green open space in Bandung Regency continues to decline. This causes increased air pollution and air temperature. The problems can be sowed with micro climate reparation in Bandung regency using urban forest in order to improve the climate conditions (amelioration) efficiently and effectively.
Genesis Pedon Tanah yang Berkembang di Atas Batuan Karbonat Wonosari Gunungkidul
Authors: Mulyanto Djoko , Subroto P.S. S , Lukito Herwin
Published: August 2017

The variation of soil color that developed on carbonate rocks which are generally white, very interesting to be studied. The aim of the study is to examine the formation of two pedons of black soil and red soil by hue 10 YR and hue 5 to 2.5 YR which successively developed on marly limestones and calcarenite. Analysis of mineral properties consist of the total minerals of sand fraction, clay fraction and rock powders. Soil chemical properties include: pH, organic C, exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity, CaCO3, the amorphous-crystalline of Fe and Mn, the total of Fe and Mn, the analysis of physical properties is the texture of seven fractions. The results showed that the development of the red soil is much more developed than black soil that shown by intensively decalcification process of red soil that impact on the low of pH, base saturation and cation exchange capacity, whereas the development of black soil is inhibited. The formation of black soil is more inherited of clay bearing marly limestone after carbonate dissolution, whereas the red soil development through rubification and illuviation.
Penggunaan Citra Satelit untuk Kajian Perkembangan Kawasan Permukiman di Kota Semarang
Authors: Pigawati Bitta , Rudiarto Iwan
Published: August 2017

This study aims to examine the development of settlement area in Semarang City using remote sensing imagery. This study used the spatial approach using quantitative descriptive analysis. Interpretation of satellite imagery is an initial activity of the stages of analysis. This activity aims to identify settlement area in the city, the analysis of developments in the residential area of Semarang will be done on the next step. The results showed that the settlement area in Semarang City was increased 9.78% from 1994 to 2005. Distribution of land settlement of the least extent in the sub district Gayamsari and Tugu. The largest residential area located in the sub-district Banyumanik, Tembalang and West Semarang. The regular, distribution is mostly located in Ngesrep Village, sub-district Banyumanik. On the other hand, the irregular distribution is located in Pudak Payung Village, sub-district Banyumanik and in the Rowosari Village, sub-district Tembalang. The composition of regular and irregular pattern were unchanged from 2006 to 2011. The evaluation result of the suitability of land use for settlement on the spatial plan (RTRW) all over the area indicated that more than 80% settlement areas were suitable with the plan.
Urban Graveyard in Spatial Change Perspective
Authors: Dilahur D
Published: August 2017

The growth of urban population tends to increase constantly but some towns show faster growth than others. Ultimately the urban area extends tremendously, and a new urban environment is created. Graveyard is one phenomenon that an not be neglected from this process. Duc to their strategic locations, some portions have undergone changes in economic, social, and environment values. For the time being lands used for graveyards are constantly increasing. The competition with other uses can not be avoided anyway and land conservation must be carried out concomitantly.
Pencemaran Air Tanah di Perkotaan
Authors: Priyana Yuli
Published: August 2017

Air merupakan kebutuban hidup bagi manusia, baik sebagai mahkluk hayati maupun untuk kehidupan sehari-hari (MCK), irigasi maupun industri. Sebagian dari kebutuhan tersebut diambilkan dari air tanah. Dengan semakin meningkatnya jumlah penduduk terutama di perkotaan secara tidak langsung akan berpengaruh terhadap persediaan air tanah yang ada baik kualitas maupun kuantitas. Pengambilan air tanah yang terus meningkat dan melebibi save yield pada daerah pantai akan mengakibatkan intrusi air laut yang mengakibatkan air tanah menjadi asin. Demikian juga semakin banyaknya limbah yang dibuang oleh manusia ke dalam tanah baik limbah rumah tangga maupun industri akan mrngakibatkan pencemaran air tanah. Pada umumnya limbah yang berpengaruh terhadap air tanah di perkotaan adalah limbah rumah tangga (MCK) maupun limbah industri. Pengotoran atau kontaminasi air tanah ini akan berbahaya pada manusia yang telah meminumnya. Oleh karena itu dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya air tersebut hendaknya dapat dimanfaatkan clengan sebaik-baiknya dan dijaga kelestariannya.
Pekerja di Sektor Perdagangan pada Ekonomi Skala Kecil Desa Caturtunggal Depok Sleman
Authors: Sontosudarmo Alip
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini membahas pekerja di sektor perdagangan pada ekonomi skala kecil di Desa Caturtunggal, Kecamatan Depok, Kabupaten Sleman. Sektor perdagangan pada ekonomi skala kecil menjadi menarik, karena banyaknya pekerja yang dimanfaatkan dan produktivitasnya sampai batas tertentu meningkat pula. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pada sektor perdagangan pada ekonomi skala kecil ini dapat menyerap pekerja pendatang dan pekerja asli Desa Caturtunggal. Dengan membedakan perdagangan menjadi tiga kelompok, yakni usaha rumah tangga, menetap dan keliling, diperoleh bukti bahwa perdagangan usaha rumah tangga dan menetap banyak dilakukan pekerja asli Desa Caturlunggal (67 persen) dan pedagang keliling banyak dilakukan oleb para pendatang (68 persen). Dua pertiga pekerja di bidang perdagangan ini terdiri dari wanita. Sebagian besar dari mereka mengelompok pada usaha rumab tangga dan usaba menetap. Dilibat dari usia para pekerja, usaha perdagangan menetap lebib tua dibandingkan dengan usaha rumah tangga dan keliling. Hampir separo pekerja pada usaha perdagangan terdiri dari para pendatang. Strategi untuk memperoleh pendapatan yang meningkat usaha perdagangan pada ekonomi skala kecil terpaksa ditempuh dengan jalan memperpanjang jumlah jam kerja dan jumlah pekerja yang terlibat. Meskipun bila dilihat dari jumlah satuan jam kerja dan jumlah yang terlibat tidak menguntungkan, namun hal itu kadang-kadang tetap dilakukan, sehingga produktivitas usaha perdagangan pada ekonomi skala kecil tetap rendah tercermin pada pendapatan.
Clinical, Endoscopic and Urea Breath Test Among Dyspeptic Patients Referred to Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Sulaimani
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Omer , Bayz Hemn Hussein , Maarouf Fenk Bakir
Published: August 2017

Objective is to assess patients with dyspepsia clinically and to find the relationship between endoscopic findings and Urea breathe test. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, was conducted during the period of October 2016 till April 2017 in Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Sulaimani city. Eighty six patients were included, fifty eight of them underwent both OGD and Urea breath test, and twenty eight of them underwent Urea breath test only. Patients who underwent OGD were prepared by overnight fasting, pre-procedure viral screening (Hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis C virus antibody and Human immunodeficiency virus antibody), conscious sedation performed by midazolam at the time of procedure. Patients underwent Urea breath test were prepared by overnight fasting and they were advised not to use antibiotics 4 weeks and proton pump inhibitors, or Bismuth compounds 2 weeks before the test. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.89 ±11.55.Fifty five cases 64% were female and 31 cases 36%were male. The mean Body Mass Index of studied patients was 24.83 kg/ m2± 4.2, overweight patients were 31.4% and 8.1% were obese. The main presenting symptom was epigastric discomfort 31%. Urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori was positive in51.2% with significant correlation with OGD findings. Helicobacter pylori infection is common among dyspeptic patients; the infection is more common in the age group of 20-40 years. Urea breath test is a noninvasive test to detect Helicobacter pylori.
The causes of early neonatal death in Sulaimani Intensive Care Unite at Maternity Teaching Hospital between Jan 2016 - Feb 2017
Authors: Azize Pary M. , Muhammad Layla A. , Kareem Nasren A.
Published: August 2017

Early neonatal death refers to all deaths of liveborn infants occurring on or before the first seven days of life. There is a shortage of research on the specific causes of early neonatal death. This study has been conducted in order to assess causes of early neonatal death in Sulaimani's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Maternity Teaching Hospital. Information was obtained retrospectively from the patients’ medical records, including (Mother and neonate socio-demographic, Maternal, Fetal and labor causes of death). Generally, this study found that in 2016 out of total 18.573 recorded delivery, 168 early neonatal deaths were analyzed from January 2016 to February 2017. However, this number was declined in comparison to the data of 2015, which estimated around 244 early deaths out of 21.142 total births. The mean age of mothers was ranged (28.22 ±7.69), 73.2% of neonate mothers were multi gravid with 67.3% of them delivered through normal vaginal, The majority of early neonate death was happening in the mean expected date delivery of (28.64 ± 2.90) weeks, with  mostly weighing  700- 1.10 gm.  Regarding the maternal causes, more than a quarter of the mother had Preeclamptic toxemia followed by (25% antepartum hemorrhage, 22.6% diabetes, respectively), In terms of the fetal causes, more than three-quarter of neonate  were dead because of prematurity and the majority 85.2% were deceased because of the respiratory distress syndrome. Almost no labor causes. The study also found that there is a significant association between gravidity, mode of delivery and maternal cause in p value < 0.05. However, that relationship was not found to fetal cause. Moreover, there is also no significant relationship between fetal cause and (Age of mother, Expected date delivery and fetal weight) in p-value > 0.05 accept the gender of the neonate. In conclusion, some factors affecting early neonatal death have been identified in this study special care is essential for these children in order to reduce their mortality rates.