bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Thermal Error Compensation Combining Integrated Deformation Sensor and Regression Analysis Based Models for Complex Machine Tool Designs
Authors: Naumann Christian , Naumann Andreas , Bertaggia Nico , Geist Alexander , Glänzel Janine , Herzog Roland , Zontar Daniel , Brecher Christian , Dix Martin
Published: June 2023

Thermal errors remain the dominant sources of positioning inaccuracies in machine tools. Various methods of reducing them have already been developed, ranging from cooling and air conditioning strategies, thermally optimized machine tool designs and component optimization to accurate model based thermal error estimation methods used for control-integrated compensation. Some reasons for the limited success of these strategies are the general complexity of the thermo-elastic and thermodynamic processes involved and the fact that many models’ effectiveness is dependent on the machine tool type, workpiece, climatic conditions, tool, CAM strategy, condition of the machine tool and other factors. Depending on these circumstances, all model-based estimation and compensation methods have specific strengths and weaknesses, which make them more suitable in some aspects and less suitable in others. A possible way of circumventing this is via the combination of several methods to hybrid compensation. The goal of this investigation is to develop an effective hybrid compensation strategy for the 5-axis machine tool DMU 80 eVo by combining measurement-based compensation using integrated deformation sensors (IDS) with characteristic diagram based compensation. The former is used for the compensation of thermal errors in the vertical column containing the larger assemblies of the x, y, and z-axis and the latter is used for the table, which contains two rotational axes.

The IDS placement has been determined through expert knowledge and compared to placement, which minimizes the variance of the TCP displacement. The hybrid compensation is tested on the DMU 80 eVo.
Thermal Error Compensation Models Utilizing the Power Consumption of Machine Tools
Authors: Lang Sebastian , Zimmermann Nico , Mayr Josef , Wegener Konrad , Bambach Markus
Published: June 2023

Thermal errors are among the most significant contributors to deviations of products manufactured on modern machine tools (MTs). Reducing them is typically achieved through either design adaptation, active cooling of the MT and its environment, or compensation using measurements or model-based predictions. Model-based compensation strategies promise to have the lowest environmental footprint by far. In general, a compensation model needs to be accurate, robust to changing boundary conditions and must require only minimal experimental efforts as this reduces the productivity of the MT. Model inputs such as temperature measurements or the power consumption of various components, can be used to predict the thermal errors. The temperature inputs require additional sensors, effort and cost for the MT manufacturer to install and ensure up-time while the power consumption could be logged and are typically provided from the control system anyway. Adaptive compensation models are created using four different sets of inputs consisting of 13 temperature sensors and 7 power measurements. While the best results were obtained with all 20 inputs, the 7 energy recordings give similar results as the 13 temperature sensors if the environmental temperature is considered. The volumetric RMSE was reduced by 72% and the maximal error from 32.75 µm to 9.5 µm. ARX models proved to be suitable and even outperform more complex model structures such as LSTM and especially those without time dependency such as feed forward neural networks.
Adaptive Thermal Model for Structure Model Based Correction
Authors: Thiem Xaver , Rudolph Holger , Krahn Robert , Ihlenfeldt Steffen , Fetzer Christof , Müller Jens
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses structure model based correction of thermal induced errors at machine tools. Using a machine model evaluated in thermal real-time, the thermal induced errors at the tool center point (TCP) are calculated based on information gotten from the machine control (e.g., axes velocities, positions, and motor currents) and ambient temperature. The machine model describes the physical relationships and considers the structure and structural variability resulting in traverse movements of the feed axes – the so-called structure model. To create this, finite elements are used as thermal and thermo-elastic models, and model order reduction (MOR) techniques are used to enable the calculation of high-resolution models in thermal real-time. Subsequent parameter updates can improve the accuracy of the initial parameter set of thermal models. A systematic procedure developed for this purpose and its application to a demonstrator machine are presented. For the update, parameters are selected which can change over the operating time, e.g., due to wear. Temperature sensor positions are chosen, sensitive to changes in these parameters. Simulations with parameters varied in a plausible range are used to determine whether parameter optimizations are reasonable. The parameter optimization runs in a trusted execution environment (TEE) on a server in parallel to the calculation of the correction model on the machine control. The confidential input data of the model and the model itself have to be protected from unauthorized access. The efficient model calculation and parameter optimization in a secure server environment leads to an adaptive thermal model (digital twin).
A Data-Based Model of the Thermo-Elastic TCP Error Using the Encoder Difference and Neural Networks
Authors: Brecher Christian , Dehn Mathias , Neus Stephan
Published: June 2023

The thermo-elastic tool center point (TCP) error has been an ongoing research focus, due to its large effect on the workpiece quality. Existing models to compute the thermo-elastic TCP error already perform quite well regarding the accuracy and speed of computation. However, the models are often time consuming in their parameterization, expensive to apply or are error-prone due to the used model inputs. The work presented in this paper addresses these issues by introducing the encoder difference as model input. Since the encoder difference easy and inexpensive to measure, it yields a high potential for industrial use. Therefore, in this paper, the correlation between the encoder difference and the thermo-elastic TCP error is investigated. Since the physical relationship between the encoder difference and the thermo-elastic TCP error is complex, it is necessary to use an artificial neural network to compute the resulting TCP error. Due to the variety of artificial neural network (ANN) types, with different capabilities, a range of different networks is tested regarding their capability to compute the thermo-elastic TCP error. To conclude the paper, a method to parametrize such models is derived from the gathered results.
Average monotonic cooperative games with nontransferable utility
Authors: Giménez-Gómez José-Manuel , Sudhölter Peter , Vilella Cori
Published: June 2023

A non-negative transferable utility (TU) game is average monotonic if there exists a non-negative vector according to which the relative worth is not decreasing when enlarging the coalition. We generalize this definition to the nontransferable utility (NTU) case. It is shown that an average monotonic NTU game shares several properties with an average monotonic TU game. In particular it has a special core element and there exists a population monotonic allocation scheme. We show that an NTU bankruptcy game is average monotonic with respect to the claims vector.
The RISK pathway leading to mitochondria and cardioprotection: how everything started
Authors: Yellon Derek M. , Beikoghli Kalkhoran Siavash , Davidson Sean M.
Published: June 2023

Ischaemic heart disease, which often manifests clinically as myocardial infarction (MI), remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the development of effective pre-clinical cardioprotective therapies, clinical translation has been disappointing. Nevertheless, the ‘reperfusion injury salvage kinase’ (RISK) pathway appears to be a promising target for cardioprotection. This pathway is crucial for the induction of cardioprotection by numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as ischaemic conditioning. An important component of the cardioprotective effects of the RISK pathway involves the prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and subsequent cardiac cell death. Here, we will review the historical perspective of the RISK pathway and focus on its interaction with mitochondria in the setting of cardioprotection.
Occupational exposure to noise and dust in Swedish soft paper mills and mortality from ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke: a cohort study
Authors: Torén Kjell , Neitzel Richard L. , Eriksson Helena P. , Andersson Eva
Published: June 2023

Objective

To elucidate whether occupational noise exposure increases the mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, and if exposure to paper dust modified the risks.

Methods

We studied 6686 workers from soft paper mills, with occupational noise exposure, < 85 dBA, 85–90 dBA and > 90 dBA, and high (> 5 mg/m3) exposure to paper dust. Person-years 1960–2019 were stratified according to gender, age, and calendar-year. Expected numbers of deaths were calculated using the Swedish population as the reference and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed.

Results

SMR for IHD was 1.12 (95% CI 0.88–1.41) for noise < 85 dBA, 1.18 (95% CI 0.90–1.55) for 85–90 dBA, and 1.27 (95% CI 1.10–1.47) among workers exposed > 90 dBA. Joint exposure to high noise exposure and high exposure to paper dust resulted in slightly higher IHD mortality (SMR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.67). SMR for ischemic stroke was 0.90 (95% CI 0.37–2.15) for noise < 85 dBA, 1.08 (95% CI 0.45–2.59) for 85–90 dBA, and 1.48 (95% CI 0.99–2.00) among workers exposed > 90 dBA. High noise exposure and high exposure to paper dust resulted in higher ischemic stroke mortality (SMR 1.83, 95% CI 1.12–2.98).

Conclusion

Noise levels > 90 dBA was associated with increased IHD mortality. Combined exposures of noise and paper dust may further increase the risks. Our results do not provide support for a causal relationship for ischemic stroke. Residual confounding from smoking has to be considered. Workers need to be protected from occupational noise levels exceeding 90 dBA.
Validation of an accelerometer system for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Milther Camilla , Winther Lærke , Stahlhut Michelle , Curtis Derek John , Aadahl Mette , Kristensen Morten Tange , Sørensen Jette Led , Dall Christian Have
Published: June 2023

The study aims to assess the concurrent validity of the SENS motion®accelerometer system for device-based measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents. Thirty-six healthy children and adolescents (mean ± standard deviation (SD) age, 10.2 ± 2.3 years) were fitted with three SENS sensors while performing standardized activities including walking, fast walking, sitting/lying, and arm movements. Data from the sensors were compared with video observations (reference criteria). The agreement between SENS motion®and observation was analyzed using Student’st-test and illustrated in Bland–Altman plots. The concurrent validity was further evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and was expressed as standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Strong agreement was found between SENS and observation for walking time, sedentary time, and lying time. In contrast, moderate agreement was observed for number of steps, sitting time, and time with and without arm movement. ICC2.1values were overall moderate to excellent (0.5–0.94), with correspondingly low SEM% for walking time, sedentary time, lying time, and time with arm movement (2–9%). An acceptable SEM% level was reached for both steps and sitting time (11% and 12%). For fast walking time, the results showed a weak agreement between the measurement methods, and the ICC value was poor.

Conclusion: SENS motion®seems valid for detecting physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents with strong agreement and moderate to excellent ICC values. Furthermore, the explorative results on arm movements seem promising.What is Known:• Inactivity and sedentary behavior follow an increasing trend among children and adolescents.• SENS motion®seems to be valid for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults and elderly patients.What is New:• SENS motion®seems valid with strong agreement between video observations and SENS measurement, and ICC values are moderate to excellent when measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in healthy children and adolescents.• SENS motion®seems promising for detection of arm movements.
Platelet transfusions in preterm infants: current concepts and controversies—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Helena Sofia , Assunção André , Vieira Rafael José , Soares Paulo , Guimarães Hercília , Flor-de-Lima Filipa
Published: June 2023

Platelet transfusions (PTx) are the principal approach for treating neonatal thrombocytopenia, a common hematological abnormality affecting neonates, particularly preterm infants. However, evidence about the outcomes associated with PTx and whether they provide clinical benefit or harm is lacking. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the association between PTx in preterm infants and mortality, major bleeding, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in comparison to not transfusing or using different platelet count thresholds for transfusion. A broad electronic search in three databases was performed in December 2022. We included randomized controlled trials, and cohort and case control studies of preterm infants with thrombocytopenia that (i) compared treatment with platelet transfusion vs. no platelet transfusion, (ii) assessed the platelet count threshold for PTx, or (iii) compared single to multiple PTx. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between PTx and mortality, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis, and NEC and, in the presence of substantial heterogeneity, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. We screened 625 abstracts and 50 full texts and identified 18 reports of 13 eligible studies. The qualitative analysis of the included studies revealed controversial results as several studies showed an association between PTx in preterm infants and a higher risk of mortality, major bleeding, sepsis, and NEC, while others did not present a significant relationship. The meta-analysis results suggest a significant association between PTx and mortality (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8–3.4; p < 0.0001), as well as sepsis (RR 4.5, 95% CI 3.7–5.6; p < 0.0001), after a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. There was also found a significant correlation between PTx and NEC (RR 5.2, 95% CI 3.3–8.3; p < 0.0001). As we were not able to reduce heterogeneity in the assessment of the relationship between PTx and IVH, no conclusion could be taken.

    Conclusion: Platelet transfusions in preterm infants are associated to a higher risk of death, sepsis, and NEC and, possibly, to a higher incidence of IVH. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations, namely between PTx and IVH, and to define the threshold from which PTx should be given with less harm effect.

What is Known:• Platelet transfusions are given to preterm infants with thrombocytopenia either to treat bleeding or to prevent hemorrhage.• Lack of consensual criteria for transfusion.

What is New:• A significant association between platelet transfusions and mortality, sepsis, and NEC.
To be, or not to be: the dilemma of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer harboring various driver mutations
Authors: Cai Ruoxue , Zhu Hongyu , Liu Ying , Sha Huanhuan , Peng Weiwei , Yin Rong , Zhou Guoren , Fang Ying
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Lung cancer is one of primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cncer. For advanced lung cancer, traditional chemotherapy and targeted therapy become difficult to solve the dilemma of further progress. In recent years, with the clinical application of immunotherapy, the therapeutic strategy of lung cancer has changed dramatically. At present, immunotherapy has shown conspicuous efficacy in NSCLC patients with high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and high tumor mutational burden (TMB). The discovery of driver mutations brings delightful hope for targeted cancer therapy. However, it remains controversial whether immunotherapy can be used in NSCLC patients with these specific driver mutations.

Method

This article summarized the latest research progresses of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC. We paid close attention to the relevance of various driver mutations and immunotherapy in NSCLC patients, and summarized the predictive effects of several driver mutations and immunotherapy.

Results

The mutations of KRAS, KRAS+TP53, EPHA (especially EPHA5), ZFHX3, ZFHX3+TP53, NOTCH, BRAF and LRP1B+FAT3 have potential to be used as biomarkers to predict the positive effectiveness of immunotherapy. ZFHX3, ZFHX3+TP53, STKII/LKB1+KEAP1+SMARCA4+PBRM1 mutations in LUAD patients get more positive effect in immunotherapy. While the mutations of EGFR, KEAP1, STKII/LKB1+KRAS, EML4-ALK, MET exon 14 skipping mutation, PBRM1, STKII/LKB1+KEAP1+SMARCA4+PBRM1, ERBB2, PIK3CA and RET often indicate poor benefit from immunotherapy.

Conclusion

Many gene mutations have been shown to be associated with immunotherapy efficacy. Gene mutations should be combined with PD-L1, TMB, etc. to predict the effect of immunotherapy.
Gastric cancer cell types display distinct proteasome/immunoproteasome patterns associated with migration and resistance to proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Monittola Francesca , Bianchi Marzia , Nasoni Maria Gemma , Luchetti Francesca , Magnani Mauro , Crinelli Rita
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Gastric cancers (GC) display histological and molecular differences. This heterogeneity has limited the development of new therapeutic strategies which requires the identification of the molecular players involved in GC pathogenesis and the investigation of their responsiveness to drugs. Several proteasome subunits have been identified as prognostic markers in GC and their role studied by gene knockdown. However, proteasomes are multi-subunit protein complexes co-existing in multiple forms with distinct activity/specificity and ability to change in response to inhibitors. Information on the role of different proteasome particles in cancer and their relevance as therapeutic targets is limited.

Methods

Based on this evidence, subunit assembly into proteasome complexes and activity were investigated by native PAGE followed by immunoblotting, and by using fluorogenic substrates, respectively.

Results

Here we show that GC cell lines with epithelial and/or diffuse Lauren’s histotype express different levels of immunoproteasome subunits and equal amounts of constitutive counterparts. Immunoproteasome subunits were highly expressed and preferentially assembled into 19S capped complexes in diffuse-type cells, where most of the activity was catalyzed by the 26S and 30S particles. In epithelial cells, activity appeared equally distributed between 19S- and 11S-capped proteolytic particles. This proteasome pattern was associated with higher resistance of diffuse-type cells to proteasome inhibition. Immunoproteasome inhibition by ONX 0914 did not influence cell viability but affected metastatic cell migration.

Conclusions

These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of the immunoproteasome may be useful in treating metastatic gastric cancers.
New weighted BERT features and multi-CNN models to enhance the performance of MOOC posts classification
Authors: El-Rashidy Mohamed A. , Farouk Ahmed , El-Fishawy Nawal A. , Aslan Heba K. , Khodeir Nabila A.
Published: June 2023

Learning is an essential requirement for humans, and its means have evolved. Ten years ago, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were introduced, attracting many interests and learners. MOOCs provide forums for learners to interact with instructors and to express any problems they encounter in the educational process. However, MOOCs have a high dropout rate due to the difficulties of following up on learners' posts and identifying the urgent ones to react quickly. This research aims to assist instructors in automatically identifying urgent posts, making it easier to respond to such posts rapidly, increasing learner engagement, and improving course completion rate. In this paper, we propose a novel classification model for identifying urgent posts. The proposed model consists of four stages. In the first stage, the post-text is code-encoded and vectorized using a pre-trained BERT model. In the second stage, a novel feature aggregation model is proposed to reveal data-based relationships between token features and their representation in a higher-level feature. In the third stage, a novel model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed to reveal the meaning of a text context more accurately. In the last stage, the extracted composite features are used to classify the text of the post. Several experimental studies were conducted to get the best performance of the proposed stages of the system. The experimental results demonstrated the architectural efficiency of the proposed feature aggregation and multiple CNN models, as well as the accuracy of the proposed system compared to the current research.
HINT: a hierarchical interval index for Allen relationships
Authors: Christodoulou George , Bouros Panagiotis , Mamoulis Nikos
Published: June 2023

Indexing intervals is a fundamental problem, finding a wide range of applications, most notably in temporal and uncertain databases. We propose HINT, a novel and efficient in-memory index for range selection queries over interval collections. HINT applies a hierarchical partitioning approach, which assigns each interval to at most two partitions per level and has controlled space requirements. We reduce the information stored at each partition to the absolutely necessary by dividing the intervals in it, based on whether they begin inside or before the partition boundaries. In addition, our index includes storage optimization techniques for the effective handling of data sparsity and skewness. We show how HINT can be used to efficiently process queries based on Allen’s relationships. Experiments on real and synthetic interval sets of different characteristics show that HINT is typically one order of magnitude faster than existing interval indexing methods.
Estimation of habit-related information from male voice data using machine learning-based methods
Authors: Yokoo Takaya , Hatano Ryo , Nishiyama Hiroyuki
Published: June 2023

According to a survey on the cause of death among Japanese people, lifestyle-related diseases (such as malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and pneumonia) account for 55.8% of all deaths. Three habits, namely, drinking, smoking, and sleeping, are considered the most important factors associated with lifestyle-related diseases, but it is difficult to measure these habits autonomously and regularly. Here, we propose a machine learning-based approach for detecting these lifestyle habits using voice data. We used classifiers and probabilistic linear discriminant analysis based on acoustic features, such as mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) and jitter, extracted from a speech dataset we developed, and an X-vector from a pre-trained ECAPA-TDNN model. For training models, we used several classifiers implemented in MATLAB 2021b, such as support vector machines, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and ensemble methods with some feature-projection options. Our results show that a cubic KNN method using acoustic features performs well on the sleep habit classification, while X-vector-based models perform well on smoking and drinking habit classifications. These results suggest that X-vectors may help estimate factors directly affecting the vocal cords and vocal tracts of the users (e.g., due to smoking and drinking), while acoustic features may help classify chronotypes, which might be informative with respect to the individuals’ vocal cord and vocal tract ultrastructure.
Assessing the interactions among factors affecting the light-weight deflectometer measurements
Authors: Kuttah Dina
Published: June 2023

Many different factors can influence the outcomes of light-weight deflectometer (LWD) tests. Some of these factors are specific to the type of the used LWD, while others are related to the testing conditions. This paper summarizes the findings of a detailed investigation into the relationships between variables altering the measurements of the light-weight deflectometer test. Field testing was performed to investigate the effect of the sensing configuration (measurement of plate vs ground surface) and testing configuration (in terms of applied load magnitude, number of loadings, and moisture content). To accomplish this objective, a number of in situ LWD and moisture content investigations were conducted on two selected construction materials, namely, sandy subgrade soil and unbound granular material. Considering the multiple influencing factors involved in this study and the material dependency, relationships between the plate deformations and ground deformations could be developed, something which will help in overcoming the standardization problem of various LWD devices and their effect on the compaction control process.
Two-action task, testing imitative social learning in kea (Nestor notabilis)
Authors: Suwandschieff Elisabeth , Wein Amelia , Folkertsma Remco , Bugnyar Thomas , Huber Ludwig , Schwing Raoul
Published: June 2023

Social learning is an adaptive way of dealing with the complexity of life as it reduces the risk of trial-and-error learning. Depending on the type of information acquired, and associations formed, several mechanisms within the larger taxonomy of social learning can be distinguished. Imitation is one such process within this larger taxonomy, it is considered cognitively demanding and is associated with high-fidelity response matching. The present study reproduced a 2002 study conducted by Heyes and Saggerson, which successfully illustrated motor imitation in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). In our study, eighteen kea (Nestor notabilis) that observed a trained demonstrator remove a stopper from a test box (1) took less time from hopping on the box to feeding (response duration) in session one and (2) were faster in making a vertical removal response on the stopper once they hopped on the box (removal latency) in session one than non-observing control group individuals. In contrast to the budgerigars (Heyes and Saggerson, Ani Behav. 64:851–859, 2002) the present study could not find evidence of motor imitation in kea. The results do illustrate, however, that there were strong social effects on exploration rates indicating motivational and attentional shifts. Furthermore, the results may suggest a propensity toward emulation in contrast to motor imitation or alternatively selectivity in the application of imitation.
The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine guidelines on non-mass abnormalities of the breast
Authors: Ito Toshikazu , Ueno Ei , Endo Tokiko , Omoto Kiyoka , Kuwajima Akira , Taniguchi Nobuyuki , Tsunoda Hiroko , Tohno Eriko , Hashimoto Hideyuki , Fujimoto Yasuhisa , Watanabe Takanori
Published: June 2023

It is possible to appropriately diagnose non-mass abnormalities by elucidating ultrasound non-mass abnormality findings and sharing the concept. If non-mass abnormalities can be diagnosed early, the number of curable cases could increase, leading to fewer breast cancer deaths. The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine (JSUM) Terminology/Diagnostic Criteria Committee has classified non-mass abnormalities into five subtypes: hypoechoic area in the mammary gland, abnormalities of the ducts, architectural distortion, multiple small cysts, and echogenic foci without a hypoechoic area. We herein define the findings for each of these subtypes and present a summary of the JSUM guidelines on non-mass abnormalities of the breast generated based on those findings.
Integrated Spatial Simulation of Population and Urban Land Use: a Pan-European Model Validation
Authors: Diogo Vasco , Jacobs-Crisioni Chris , Baranzelli Claudia , Lavalle Carlo
Published: June 2023

Spatial models jointly simulating population and land-use change provide support for policy-making, by allowing to explore territorial developments under alternative scenarios and resulting impacts in the environment, economy and society. However, their ability to reproduce observed spatial patterns is rarely evaluated through model validation. This lack of insight prevents researchers and policy-makers of fully grasping the ability of existing models to provide sensible projections of future land use and population density. In this article, we address this gap by performing a model validation of the LUISA Territorial Modelling Platform, a spatial model jointly simulating population and land use at a fine resolution (100 m) in the European Union and United Kingdom. In particular, we compare observed and simulated patterns of population and urban residential land-use change for the period of 1990–2015, and evaluate the model performance according to different degrees of urbanisation. The results show that model performance can vary depending on the context, even when the same data and methods are uniformly applied. The model performed consistently well in urban areas characterized by compact urban growth, but poorly where residential development occurred predominantly in scattered patterns across rural areas. Overall, the model tends to favour the formation of densely populated, highly accessible urban conglomerations, which often do not entirely correspond to the observed patterns. Based on the validation results, we propose directions for further model improvement and development. Model validation should be regarded as a critical step, and an integral part, in the process of developing models for policy support.
Novel species discrimination method elucidates colony growth form variation between the New Zealand soft corals Kotatea aurantiaca and Kotatea lobata
Authors: Kessel Gustav M. , Alderslade Philip , Bilewitch Jaret P. , Schnabel Kareen E. , Gardner Jonathan P. A.
Published: June 2023

In New Zealand, Kotatea aurantiaca and Kotatea lobata are two common, endemic, co-occurring, and morphologically similar soft coral species that currently cannot be distinguished without microscopic examination of sclerites and of which little is known regarding any aspect of their ecology or biology. The aim of the present study is to ascertain if, and in what ways, their colony growth forms differ, and to test the taxonomic value of macroscopic morphological character measurements using statistical discrimination analyses. A binary logistic regression model is developed whereby macroscopic characters of colony morphology can be used to assign specimens to either species with ~ 90% accuracy. Species assignment accuracy is greatest when ratios formed from morphological measurements are used rather than direct measurements. Here, these ratios are used for the first time to account for the appearance-altering habit among soft corals of hydrostatically expanding and contracting their coelenteron with seawater. Relationships between colony morphology and depth are also examined, and it is suggested that phenotypic plasticity detected in K. lobata, causing it to resemble K. aurantiaca more closely at greater depths, may contribute to their morphological overlap. It is anticipated that this discrimination technique will facilitate future research on the ecology and biology of these species and will be replicated on other sets of morphologically similar soft corals for which species discrimination has been problematic.
OCTRA as ultrasonically absorptive thermal protection material for hypersonic transition suppression
Authors: Wartemann Viola , Wagner Alexander , Surujhlal Divek , Dittert Christian
Published: June 2023

Previous investigations in the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Göttingen (HEG) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) show that carbon fiber reinforced carbon ceramic (C/C) surfaces can be utilized to damp hypersonic boundary layer instabilities resulting in a delay of boundary layer transition onset. Numerical stability analyses confirmed these experimental results. However, C/C has some disadvantages, especially the limited oxidation resistance and its low mechanical strength, which could be critical during hypersonic flights. Thus, an ultrasonically absorptive fiber reinforced ceramic material based on a silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) was developed in the past years to fulfill this need. The present paper addresses the numerical rebuilding of the C/C-SiC absorber properties using impedance boundary conditions together with linear stability analysis. The focus of this paper is on the numerical comparison of the original C/C material and the improved C/C-SiC material, referred to as OCTRA in the literature. The influence on the second modes and the transition itself is investigated. The numerical results are compared with HEG wind tunnel tests. The wind tunnel model tested in HEG is a $$7^\circ$$

7
∘

half-angle blunted cone with an overall model length of about $$1.1 \,\textrm{m}$$

1.1

m

and a nose tip radius of 2.5 mm. These experiments were performed at Mach 7.5 and at different freestream unit Reynolds numbers.
Assessing the role of protected areas in the land-use change dynamics of a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Schmitz Marcelo Henrique , do Couto Edivando Vitor , Xavier Erick Caldas , Tomadon Leonardo da Silva , Leal Rodrigo Pedro , Agostinho Angelo Antonio
Published: June 2023

Although protected areas (PAs) are designed to safeguard natural ecosystems from anthropic modifications, many PAs worldwide are subjected to numerous human-induced impacts. We evaluated whether the establishment of PAs in the Upper Paraná River floodplain region could reduce anthropic landscape changes and whether there is a difference in protection when using different PA restriction categories. We analyzed the overall landscape dynamics using 30 years of land-use time series data and evaluated the change intensity via a partial land-use intensity analysis. Despite the increasing landscape anthropization, the PAs seemed to relieve the general change process, protecting natural areas mainly from agricultural expansion. Concerning the degree of use restriction, more restricted protection led to less human-induced changes. Finally, accessing PA effectiveness is a multidisciplinary challenge for researchers; however, this knowledge is crucial to avoid misunderstandings or poorly crafted public policies or decisions that may harm the environment.
Discrete Wiener algebra in the bicomplex setting, spectral factorization with symmetry, and superoscillations
Authors: Alpay Daniel , Lewkowicz Izchak , Vajiac Mihaela
Published: June 2023

In this paper we present parallel theories on constructing Wiener algebras in the bicomplex setting. With the appropriate symmetry condition, the bicomplex matrix valued case can be seen as a complex valued case and, in this matrix valued case, we make the necessary connection between bicomplex analysis and complex analysis with symmetry. We also write an application to superoscillations in this case.
Technology and museum visitor experiences: a four stage model of evolution
Authors: Lu Siqi Emily , Moyle Brent , Reid Sacha , Yang Elaine , Liu Biqiang
Published: June 2023

Research on technology and museum visitor experiences has experienced exponential growth. Despite this, limited studies explicitly examine existing progress in research on the intersection between technology and museum visitor experiences. Specifically, there is limited understanding of how topics studied, and the concepts, theories, models, and frameworks embedded within have evolved in congruence with the forms and types of technology integrated into museum research across time. Consequently, this paper applied a systematic quantitative approach to assess trends in research on technology and museum visitor experiences by critically examining 122 studies. Findings revealed a clear shift of the concepts studied, with early literature focused on basic concepts such as learning and interaction with technology. As the body of knowledge matured, other concepts such as intention and behaviour emerged in discourse, with contemporary literature exploring satisfaction, enjoyment, and virtual presence. Despite this, limited consistency in theories, models, and frameworks applied across time, which reflected a stagnation in stimulating critical discussions in the existing discourse. Furthermore, the forms and types of technology used in studies on museum visitor experiences have shifted from basic computer displays, through to innovative smart technology. This research provides the first attempt to holistically classify and synthesise the evolution of research on technology designed to enhance museum visitor experiences. Five types of technology in the museum sector and a Four Stage Model of Evolution consisting of (I) ICT Incubation; (II) Smart Technology Adoption; (III) ICT Transformation; and (IV) Futuristic Innovation were proposed, which demarcates the evolution of the body of knowledge.
Conquests and Rents
Authors: Ahmed Faisal Z.
Published: June 2023

Tragically, dictatorship and civil strife have led to less developed, less democratic, and more conflict-prone contemporary Muslim-majority societies. Ahmed argues, however, neither Islam nor aspects of Muslim culture are the cause. Grounded in a positive political economy approach, Conquests and Rents investigates why these societies are predisposed to political violence and low levels of development. Focusing on the role of political institutions and economic rents, Ahmed argues that territories where Islam spread via military conquest developed institutions and practices impervious to democracy and more prone to civil war, while societies in non-conquered territories developed governance structures more susceptible to democracy when rents decline. Conquests and Rents introduces a novel theoretical argument, with corroborative qualitative and statistical analysis, to examine the interplay of the historical legacy of institutions from the premodern period and contemporary rent streams in Muslim-majority societies.
Glacier monitoring using real-aperture 94 GHz radar
Authors: Harcourt William D. , Robertson Duncan A. , Macfarlane David G. , Rea Brice R. , Spagnolo Matteo , Benn Douglas I. , James Mike R.
Published: June 2023

Close-range sensors are employed to observe glaciological processes that operate over short timescales (e.g. iceberg calving, glacial lake outburst floods, diurnal surface melting). However, under poor weather conditions optical instruments fail while the operation of radar systems below 17 GHz do not have sufficient angular resolution to map glacier surfaces in detail. This letter reviews the potential of millimetre-wave radar at 94 GHz to obtain high-resolution 3-D measurements of glaciers under most weather conditions. We discuss the theory of 94 GHz radar for glaciology studies, demonstrate its potential to map a glacier calving front and summarise future research priorities.
When Patients are Assailants: Valuing Occupational Risks in Health Care
Authors: Gentry Elissa P. , Viscusi W. Kip
Published: June 2023

Intentional violence against healthcare workers inflicts a physical and mental toll, motivating legislative proposals to better regulate these occupational risks. This article uses this context to address two novel issues for benefit assessment raised by injuries from assailants: potential heterogeneity in valuation based on the context of the injury risk and possible reductions in self-reported valuations when the exposed population has been trained to feel responsible for the risk. This article presents experimental evidence on workers’ preferences over the form of intervention: protection (risk reduction) or insurance (cost-sharing). The experiment also elicits worker valuations of occupational health care risks, calculating the value of a statistical injury (VSI), based on local wage-risk tradeoffs, in the general range of $200,000. Workers accord a premium to risk reductions that might eliminate the risk of injuries. Both the physical harm and the process by which the injury occurs may affect benefit assessments for the regulation of workplace violence. Non-healthcare participants require a $40,000 premium per expected injury resulting from intentional harm. While health care workers do not generally require such a premium, health care workers in clinical positions require more compensation to face occupational risks. Insurance coverage for monetary losses is more highly valued than protective measures for accidental harms, though there is no significant comparable preference for insurance against intentional harms. The results have important practical implications for addressing the concerning phenomenon of violence against healthcare workers, suggesting that expanding insurance compensation would be desirable, as would assigning an intentionality premium to intentional injuries.
Two German Perspectives on a German Discussion
Authors: Gruner Wolf , Schüler-Springorum Stefanie
Published: June 2023

This contribution results from a place of serious discomfort regarding recent public and academic discussions in Germany, where Holocaust memory and its political instrumentalization have seemed to produce a growing dogmatism, harming academic freedom. Because we both direct university research centers in Berlin and Los Angeles dedicated to the study of the Holocaust, we have decided to join forces and share our particular German perspectives on this debate. Our views are in part generational, in part personal.
Memory or History?
Authors: Roseman Mark
Published: June 2023

Reviewing the the so-called “Second Historian's Debate”, in which he had played such an important role, in February 2022, Michael Rothberg wrote that the opponents to his multidirectional approach were confusing history and memory. “Naturally, history and memory cannot be entirely separated from each other, but the target of my own work and also of Moses's catechism essay is public memory, not historical scholarship.” I understand what he means about not targeting the discipline. Rothberg and Moses are both aware that many positions controversial in the German public sphere have long been accepted in the academy, a distinction they clearly make in their critiques. But the comment did prompt me to wonder whether part of the problem of the debate is that Rothberg's and Moses's critique of memory practices is actually more about history than it lets on.
The water cycle in Reccopolis
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Javier , Checa Herráiz Joaquín
Published: June 2023

Reccopolis was a new city built in Visigothic Spain in the late 6th c. CE. Even rarer than this example of anex novourban foundation in the post-Roman West is the fact that the city was equipped with a brand-new aqueduct. The aqueduct has, until now, only been partially studied, but in this paper we update and re-assess the original, preliminary results. We consider the city's whole water cycle, including usage and drainage, employing new engineering calculations and GIS analyses. The results show that the aqueduct was an integral part of the city. Finally, we set our conclusions within their wider context, looking not only at the roles of aqueducts in the ideal of a city at this time, but also at urban water culture in the Late Antique West.
Space–time self-harm and suicide clusters in two cities in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Fang-Wen , Conway Erica , Liang Ya-Lun , Chen Ying-Yeh , Gunnell David , Chang Shu-Sen
Published: June 2023

Aims

Suicidal acts may cluster in time and space and lead to community concerns about further imitative suicidal episodes. Although suicide clusters have been researched in previous studies, less is known about the clustering of non-fatal suicidal behaviour (self-harm). Furthermore, most previous studies used crude temporal and spatial information, e.g., numbers aggregated by month and residence area, for cluster detection analysis. This study aimed to (i) identify space–time clusters of self-harm and suicide using daily incidence data and exact address and (ii) investigate the characteristics of cluster-related suicidal acts.

Methods

Data on emergency department presentations for self-harm and suicide deaths in Taipei City and New Taipei City, Taiwan, were used in this study. In all-age and age-specific analyses, self-harm and suicide clusters were identified using space–time permutation scan statistics. A cut-off of 0.10 for the p value was used to identify possible clusters. Logistic regression was used to investigate the characteristics associated with cluster-related episodes.

Results

A total of 5,291 self-harm episodes and 1,406 suicides in Taipei City (2004–2006) and 20,531 self-harm episodes and 2,329 suicides in New Taipei City (2012–2016) were included in the analysis. In the two cities, two self-harm clusters (n [number of self-harm episodes or suicide deaths in the cluster] = 4 and 8 in Taipei City), four suicide clusters (n = 3 in Taipei City and n = 4, 11 and 4 in New Taipei City) and two self-harm and suicide combined clusters (n = 4 in Taipei City and n = 8 in New Taipei City) were identified. Space–time clusters of self-harm, suicide, and self-harm and suicide combined accounted for 0.05%, 0.59%, and 0.08% of the respective groups of suicidal acts. Cluster-related episodes of self-harm and suicide were more likely to be male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26, 3.89) and young people aged 10–29 years (aOR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.43, 5.21) than their cluster-unrelated counterparts.

Conclusions

Space–time clusters of self-harm, suicide, and self-harm and suicide combined accounted for a relatively small proportion of suicidal acts and were associated with some sex/age characteristics. Focusing on suicide deaths alone may underestimate the size of some clusters and/or lead to some clusters being overlooked. Future research could consider combining self-harm and suicide data and use social connection information to investigate possible clusters of suicidal acts.
Den Berufseinstieg von neu examinierten Pflegenden unterstützen II
Authors: Sorber Michaela , Knecht Christiane
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Welche Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten können Nachwuchspflegenden bei der Berufseinmündung helfen? In einem Praxisprojekt wurde dieser Frage mit Studierenden an der FH Münster nachgegangen und hilfreiche Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung des Berufseinstiegs identifiziert.
Zwischen Stolz und Entsetzen
Authors: Müller Barbara
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Den Übergang von der Rolle der Auszubildenden in die Rolle der examinierten Pflegefachkraft bezeichnet Duchscher (2012, 2023) als Transition. Die Phasen dieser Transition sind mit verschiedenen Anforderungen verbunden und erfordern jeweils andere Kompetenzen.
Aufbruch ins Ungewisse?!
Authors: Hofmann Nicola , Dorn Sabine , Willaredt Anna , Reiber Karin
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Im folgenden Artikel werden erste Ergebnisse aus dem vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) beauftragten Forschungsprojekt TiP-regio beschrieben. Auszubildende werden in Fokusgruppen vor und nach dem ersten Praxiseinsatz in der Pflegeausbildung befragt. Anhand dieser und anderer Interview- und Diskussionsergebnisse wird ein Onboarding-Konzept entwickelt.