bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Laboratory-scale Sample Preparation Methods on the Composition of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Milling Fractions
Authors: Langó Bernadett , Fehér Anna Gyöngyvér , Bicskei Bernadett Zsófia , Jaksics Edina , Németh Renáta , Bender Denisse , D'Amico Stefano , Schoenlechner Regine , Tömösközi Sándor
Published: October 2018

Sorghum and millet are widely used basic food materials in developing countries, but in developed countries their novel food applications were discovered. For their commercial use, no standardized methods are available yet to evaluate their quality as food materials. In this experiment, two different lab-scale procedure (grinding and sieving with or without decortication) were used to obtain flour samples from Hungarian millet and sorghum cultivars and the changes of chemical composition (protein, ash, fat, starch, dietary fiber content) and phytic acid concentration were determined and compared to commercial flours. Both sample processing methods facilitated the separation of the hull, thereby significantly decreased the antinutritive phytic acid concentrations to the same levels as in commercial flours. Decortication increased the flour yield (59-68 %) of millet, however, in case of sorghum cultivars, no difference in yield (29-35 %) was detected after decortication. In case of millet cultivars, sieving without decortication decreased the crude protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber concentrations in flour samples to a higher extent, whilst in case of sorghum, sieving after decortication had greater impact on the chemical composition of the flour. However, both millet and sorghum flours showed advantageous nutritional composition compared to wheat flour. In conclusion, for millet sieving supported by decortication was found to be a more efficient sample processing method, but in case of sorghum the effect of decortication was negligible, and the same results were obtained by simple grinding and sieving.
Être soldat et citoyen en France de la révolution à la libération
Authors: Renaut Marie-Hélène
Published: October 2018

Entre 1789 et 1945, l'état militaire a affecté, plus ou moins rigoureusement selon les époques, la citoyenneté du soldat. La restriction ou prohibition des droits politiques et des libertés publiques a été une réelle servitude frappant l'homme d'armes d'une capitis diminutio. Aujourd'hui, les militaires sont des citoyens comme les autres : ils exercent librement tous les droits et libertés, sauf à respecter les limitations irréductibles apportées par l'état militaire à l'exercice de certains d'entre eux.
Pathoblockers or antivirulence drugs as a new option for the treatment of bacterial infections
Authors: Calvert Matthew B , Jumde Varsha R , Titz Alexander
Published: October 2018

The rapid development of antimicrobial resistance is threatening mankind to such an extent that the World Health Organization expects more deaths from infections than from cancer in 2050 if current trends continue. To avoid this scenario, new classes of anti-infectives must urgently be developed. Antibiotics with new modes of action are needed, but other concepts are also currently being pursued. Targeting bacterial virulence as a means of blocking pathogenicity is a promising new strategy for disarming pathogens. Furthermore, it is believed that this new approach is less susceptible towards resistance development. In this review, recent examples of anti-infective compounds acting on several types of bacterial targets, e.g., adhesins, toxins and bacterial communication, are described.
STATE-ORIENTED MAINTENANCE STRATEGY FOR DETERIORATING SEGMENTAL LINING OF TUNNEL
Authors: Ai Qing , Yuan Yong
Published: October 2018

The lining of tunnel is the principal part in ensuring its usage for transportation or utilities. Maintenance during operation is the way to keep structure in the state of high performance. To consider the efficiency of maintenance within limited resources (maintenance cost), state-oriented maintenance (SOM) approach is proposed. The SOM approach takes service state of the tunnel lining as a levelled target which should be maintained by different degrees of repairing measures. The evolution of service state of tunnel lining is modelled as a non-stationary Gamma process in this investigation, as this process can characteristic the variations of degradation rates. Two cases of numerical analysis with SOM approach give their lifetime maintenance costs. Case one (MS-1) sets SOM strategy with two-levelled service state. The other case (MS-2) adopts SOM strategy with multi-levelled service state. The numerical results demonstrate that the later one would reduce maintenance cost during the whole service life of tunnel lining.
KLASIFIKATORIAUS VIETA DAIKTŲ INTERNETO KRAŠTŲ KOMPIUTERIJOJE / CLASSIFIER PLACE IN EDGE COMPUTING FOR INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Skirelis Julius
Published: October 2018

Tradicinė daiktų interneto debesų kompiuterija yra palengva keičiama kraštų kompiuterijos technologija. Kraštų kompiuterijos santvarka sprendžia brangių duomenų, perpildytų duomenų centrų ir jų efektyvumo problemas. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiamos ir palyginamos debesų ir kraštų kompiuterijos esminės savybės, atskleidžiami jų tarpusavio sąryšiai struktūriniu aspektu. Apžvelgus kraštų kompiuterijoje taikomas technologijas, techninės įrangos, metodų ir programinių priemonių kontekste išaiškėjo poreikis integruoti klasifikatorių. Siekiant pabrėžti klasifikatoriaus kraštų kompiuterijoje privalumus, ištirtos jų taikymo sritys, įvardyti esami sprendimai ir juose taikomi klasifikatoriai. Išsiaiškinus kraštų kompiuterijoje taikomus klasifikavimo metodus ir populiariausius klasifikatorių tipus nustatyta, kad kraštų kompiuterijoje nepakankamai išnagrinėtas saviorganizuojančių klasifikatorių taikymas, egzistuoja poreikis atlikti papildomus mokslinius tyrimus. Galiausiai apžvelgti galimi įgyvendinimo būdai remiantis esamais sprendimais, suskirsčius būdus į tris kategorijas – programinį, aparatinį ir mišrų.
BELAIDŽIO RYŠIO SIŲSTUVŲ-IMTUVŲ SUSIDERINIMO BŪDŲ ANALIZĖ / ANALYSIS OF SELF TUNING METHODS FOR DIRECT CONVERSION TRANSCEIVERS
Authors: Kladovščikov Leonid , Navickas Romualdas
Published: October 2018

Integrinių grandynų gamybos technologinių procesų paklaidos didina daugiastandarčių siųstuvų-imtuvų komponentų parametrų sklaidą ir blogina jų veiką, tad siekiama komponentų verčių nuokrypius kompensuoti. Pagrindiniai derinami parametrai yra tokie: siųstuvo ir imtuvo kvadratūrinių kanalų nuolatinės dedamosios, amplitudės ir fazės poslinkiai, antrosios eilės iškraipymai. Darbe išanalizuoti žinomi daugiastandarčių belaidžio ryšio siųstuvų-imtuvų derinimo būdai, jie suskirstyti į tiesioginio, netiesioginio ir grįžtamojo ryšio bei mišriuosius būdus. Ištirtos analoginės ir skaitmeninės modernių siųstuvų-imtuvų derinimo sistemos, atlikta jų privalumų ir trūkumų bei modernioms belaidžio ryšio sistemoms aktualių derinimo parametrų analizė.
DEVELOPMENT OF PLANAR ELECTRODES FOR REAL-TIME ELECTROPORATION / PLANARIŲJŲ ELEKTRODŲ MODELIS REALIOJO LAIKO ELEKTROPORACIJOS TYRIMAMS
Authors: Butkus Paulius
Published: October 2018

In this paper the concept of planar electrodes for real-time electroporation on a microscope stage is presented and the structure is analyzed using finite element method (FEM) analysis. A multiparametric investigation of the chip topology is performed in COMSOL Multiphysics environment to define the configuration of electrodes, electric field distribution and other electroporation parameters to ensure a homogeneous cell exposure. Based on the simulation results, an optimal electrode configuration, which is suitable for the investigation of the permeabilization thresholds during electroporation, is proposed.
DIKTORIAUS IDENTIFIKAVIMO TIKSLUMO TYRIMAS NAUDOJANT NEURONINIUS TINKLUS / ACCURACY RESEARCH USING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SPEAKER IDENFITIFICATION
Authors: Dovydaitis Laurynas , Rudžionis Vytautas
Published: October 2018

Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami kai kurie diktoriaus identifikavimo problemos aspektai. Problemos aktualumas nulemtas praktinių galimybių suteikti adaptuotas paslaugas konkrečiam asmeniui, žinant jo tapatybę. Straipsnyje aprašoma diktoriaus identifikavimo veiksmų seka ir išskiriami identifikavimo etapai. Apžvelgiami moksliniai akustinių modelių kūrimo darbai pasitelkiant neuroninius tinklus. Šiame straipsnyje siūlomos kelios neuroninių tinklų konfigūracijos, kurios gali būti naudojamos diktoriaus akustiniam modeliavimui. Teikiami pasiūlymai eksperimentiniu būdu patikrinami fiksuojant gaunamą diktoriaus identifikavimo tikslumą su LIEPA projekto metu surinktu garsynu.
The MOSDEF Survey: The Nature of Mid-infrared Excess Galaxies and a Comparison of IR and UV Star Formation Tracers at z ∼ 2
Authors: Azadi Mojegan , Coil Alison , Aird James , Shivaei Irene , Reddy Naveen , Shapley Alice , Kriek Mariska , Freeman William R. , Leung Gene C. K. , Mobasher Bahram , Price Sedona H. , Sanders Ryan L. , Siana Brian , Zick Tom
Published: October 2018

We present an analysis using the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey on the nature of “MIR-excess” galaxies, which have star formation rates (SFRs) inferred from mid-infrared (MIR) data that are substantially elevated relative to those estimated from dust-corrected UV data. We use a sample of ∼200 galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 1.40 < z < 2.61 with 24 μm detections (rest-frame 8 μm) from MIPS/Spitzer. We find that the identification of MIR-excess galaxies strongly depends on the methodologies used to estimate IR luminosity (

) and to correct the UV light for dust attenuation. We find that extrapolations of the SFR from the observed 24 μm flux, using luminosity-dependent templates based on local galaxies, substantially overestimate

in z ∼ 2 galaxies. By including Herschel observations and using a stellar-mass-dependent, luminosity-independent

, we obtain more reliable estimates of the SFR and a lower fraction of MIR-excess galaxies. Once stellar-mass selection biases are taken into account, we identify ∼24% of our galaxies as MIR excess. However,

is not elevated in MIR-excess galaxies compared to MIR-normal galaxies, indicating that the intrinsic fraction of MIR excess may be lower. Using X-ray-, IR-, and optically selected AGNs in MOSDEF, we do not find a higher prevalence for AGNs in MIR-excess galaxies relative to MIR-normal galaxies. A stacking analysis of X-ray-undetected galaxies does not reveal a harder spectrum in MIR-excess galaxies relative to MIR-normal galaxies. Our analysis indicates that AGN activity does not contribute substantially to the MIR excess and instead implies that it is likely due to the enhanced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission.
PCR detection of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp. from bottled drinking water in Iran
Authors: Bonyadian Mojtaba , Moshtaghi Hamdallah , Nadi Hanie
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The quality of drinking water has an important role in human health. This study was aimed to detect Escherichia. coli, Salmonella sp. and Vibrio cholerae from bottled drinking waters produced in Iran.

Methodology: A total of 240 samples of bottled water of different brands were collected for testing between March 2015 to December 2015 in Shahrekord-Iran. Samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with culture methods for the detection of E. coli, Salmonella sp., and V. cholerae.

Results: The results of PCR revealed that the uidA gene from E. coli, IpaB gene from Salmonella sp, and epsM gene from V. cholerae were detected in 6 (2.5%), 1 (0.4 %), 0 (0%) of the samples, respectively. But in culture methods, only E. coli 5 (2.1%) were isolated from the samples. The contamination with E. coli was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in water produced during the hot seasons than the cold seasons.

Conclusions: This study confirmed the presence of Escherichia coli as the main microorganism in bottle drinking water in Iran. Also, our study showed that PCR can be used as a screening method for monitoring the enteric pathogens in drinking water.
Impact of IL28B genetic variant's and viral genotype on treatment outcome of hepatitis C infected patients
Authors: Khan Mosin S , Shoukat Abid , Mudassar Syed , Kawoosa Zaffar , Shah Altaf H , Zargar Showkat Ali
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Viral genotype and variation in host genes involved in the immune response may predict the treatment response in patients infected with HCV. The present study was designed to determine the distribution pattern of HCV and host genotypes in Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) patients and their association with virological response and other risk factors.

Methodology: Two hundred and fifty (n = 250) HCV positive patients were included in the study. HCV and Interleukin 28B (IL28B) genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP.

Results: Viral genotype 3 was the predominant genotype seen in 187 (74.8%) patients. Wild genotype predominated in rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917 SNP of IL28B gene. A significant difference was found in end stage virological response (EVR) between HCV genotype 1 infected patients with wild and variant genotype for rs12980275 and rs8099917 SNPs respectively (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis all the SNPs were found to be associated with each other (P < 0.05) with rs12980275 SNP associated with history of Jaundice (P < 0.05). Viral genotype 3 was significantly associated with age (< 50 years) and rapid virological response (RVR) while as viral genotype 1 was significantly associated with history of surgery on multivariate analysis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: The viral genotype and IL28B polymorphisms are important factors to personalize antiviral therapy of patients with CHC.
Infections in patients with lymphoma: An analysis of incidence, relationship and risk factors
Authors: Yıldız Abdulkerim , Albayrak Murat , Pala Çiğdem , Şahin Osman , Afacan Öztürk Hacer Berna , Güneş Gürsel , Maral Senem , Okutan Harika
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Bacterial infections and febrile neutropenia (FN) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of infections in lymphoma patients.

Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted on 200 lymphoma patients diagnosed and treated between January 2009 and December 2017 in Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in Ankara, Turkey.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 20.09 ± 19.81 months. The incidence of infection episode (IE) was 32.5% (65/200) and FN was 18.5% (37/200). Analysis of the data revealed that patients with IE had significantly higher rates of diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), lower baseline hemoglobin, lower baseline hematocrit, higher baseline lactate dehydrogenase levels, higher usage of central cathater, and a higher number of chemotherapy lines compared to patients with no IE. In logistic regression analysis, disease subtype of PCNSL, usage of central catheter and lactate deyhydrogenase (LDH) were found to increase the risk of infection. The odds ratio for PCNSL was 37.866 (p = 0.003), 2.679 for central catheter (p = 0.008) and 1.001 for LDH (p = 0.011).

Conclusions: The risk of infection in patients with lymphoma was associated with central catheter usage, higher LDH levels and a diagnosis of PCNSL. Baseline hematological parameters were not determined to have any impact on the occurrence of infection. Patients with these risk factors should be monitored more carefully and the maximum level of infection prevention should be taken.
Early prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum: the first case reported in Brazil
Authors: Da Rocha Jaqueline Abel , Da Silva Natalia Chilinque Zambão , Silva Ana SDN , Garrido Rafael Guaresma , Moreira Beatriz Meurer , Martins Ianick Souto
Published: October 2018

Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are usually considered as contaminants of clinical specimens due to their widely environmental distribution and colonization of the human skin and mucous membranes. However, these bacteria have been increasingly recognized as agents of life-threatening infections mainly in individuals in immunosuppressive conditions. These organisms have vast variation in morphology and biochemical reaction, characteristics that make the correct identification of Corynebacterium at the species level extremely difficult using conventional phenotypic methods. The precise identification of C. amycolatum requires approaches rarely available in conventional clinical microbiology laboratories, such as API Coryne system, 16s rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing. In this setting, MALDI-TOF, a quick, accurate, and relatively unexpansive molecular technique, arises as a cost-effective alternative for characterizing these agents. Here, a rare and lethal case of endocarditis caused by C. amycolatum is presented. This is the first case of infective endocarditis due to C. amycolatum reported in Brazil.
Candida albicans induces TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and inflammation in oral lichen planus-derived keratinocytes
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Geng Fanghui , Sun Hongying , Wang Xiaxia , Zhang Hui , Yang Qiaozhen , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The risk of oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease, becoming malignant increases by 21-fold in patients with fungal infection. This study examined the impact of Candida albicans exposure on Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in primary keratinocyte cultures obtained from OLP patients.

Methodology: Following co-culture of primary OLP keratinocyte cultures with C. albicans for 24 hours, inflammatory cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA. TLR2, MyD88, and NF-κBp65 mRNA and protein expression were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Keratinocyte apoptosis was also determined by flow cytometry.

Results: IL-10, IL-8, IL-2, and TNF-ɑ levels were significantly higher following co-culture with C. albicans (all p ≤ 0.034). MyD88, NF-κB p65, and TLR2 mRNA (all p < 0.001) and protein (all p ≤ 0.004) expression levels were significantly higher in OLP keratinocytes following C. albicans exposure. Finally, the apoptosis rates of OLP keratinocytes were 21.2%, 29.4%, and 25.4% for the control cells and 3.9%, 5.6%, and 4.4% for those exposed to C. albicans, suggesting that co-culture with C. albicans inhibits the apoptosis of OLP keratinocytes.

Conclusions: C. albicans activates the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in OLP keratinocytes, resulting in increased cytokine expression and decreased keratinocyte apoptosis. Two key events in the pathogenesis of OLP and its progression to malignancy, namely increased inflammation and decreased apoptosis, were induced by exposure to C. albicans. Thus, targeting this signaling pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent OLP malignant transformation.
Drug-resistant bacteria screening and patient barrier precautions are associated with decreased neonatal nosocomial infection
Authors: Guan Li-rong , Chen Jia , Wei Li-rong , Wang Xiao-shuang , Xue Dan , Yang Qin-yu , Li Yan-ping , Yu Jing
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Neonates are at high risk of nosocomial infections, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of drug-resistant bacteria (DRB) screening in combination with patient barrier precautions in controlling nosocomial infections in neonatal wards.

Methodology: The clinical data of neonates admitted to the Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China in 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. In 2010, DRB screening was conducted using nasal and anal swabs. In 2012, in addition to the DRB screening, patient barrier precautions were implemented. The barrier precautions were lifted if the patients were negative for the DRB screening. Patients with DRB colonization were further isolated to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection. The rate of nosocomial infections in the two years was compared.

Results: A total of 1280 neonates in 2010 and 1504 neonates in 2012 were included in the analysis. No significant difference was noticed between the two years in gestational weeks, age, gender, and birth weight. The rate of nosocomial infections was reduced significantly from 2.34% in 2010 to 1.13% in 2012.

Conclusions: DRB screening in combination with the patient barrier precautions may reduce the risk of nosocomial infection in neonates.
Enuresis Management in the Primary Care Pediatrics Clinic
Authors: Nield Linda S. , Nease Emily K. , Grossman Oulimata K.
Published: October 2018

Enuresis is a frequent complaint not always volunteered by parents or patients. The pediatric clinician has to inquire about enuresis to break the secrecy surrounding this symptom that could be related to a more serious underlying renal, endocrine, or psychosocial disease. Determining the type of enuresis is crucial to offer optimal treatment. We present a review for the pediatric clinician to optimize their care of the child with monosymptomatic enuresis.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(10):e390–e395.]
Le reti alternative del cibo dopo la crisi. Teoria, ipotesi di lavoro e un caso studio esplorativo
Authors: Orlando Giovanni
Published: October 2018

L’articolo si chiede in che modo sono cambiate le reti alternative del cibo italiane (alternative food networks) a partire dalla crisi economica globale del 2008. Esso analizza il fenomeno in questione tramite il ricorso a due letterature scientifiche di riferimento, quella dell’antropologia del valore, declinata sugli studi del cibo, e quella dei regimi alimentari (food regimes). Dopo avere discusso la letteratura alla luce della domanda di fondo, l’articolo sviluppa quattro ipotesi di lavoro per tentare di rispondervi. Le ipotesi identificate sono: 1) generazione, 2) rafforzamento, 3) ostruzione e 4) irrilevanza. Nella seconda metà dell’articolo, si prende in esame un caso specifico di rete alternativa del cibo, Fuori Mercato, come possibile illustrazione della prima ipotesi, quella della generazione.
Reversible Data Hiding with Multiple Data for Multiple Users in an Encrypted Image
Authors: Malik Asad , Wang Hongxia , Wu Hanzhou , Abdullahi Sani M.
Published: October 2018

This article presents a new method which embeds multiple data from multiple users in an encrypted image. Here, the data from several users is embedded into an encrypted image. Initially, the image is encrypted by the owner followed by embedding phase, where the encrypted image is divided into four sets. Two of them are used to embed the secret data, while others are remain unaltered. The secret data from multiple users are embedded into Most Significant Bit (MSB) of the encrypted image using their location maps. In the extraction phase, an individual owner can extract the data from the encrypted image using the assigned private key. Subsequently, in the image decryption and recovery phase, images can be recovered using the unaltered neighbor pixels. However, the secret image can be recovered losslessly using the encryption key only. The proposed scheme allows the extraction of the embedded information only for the authorized user out of several users without knowing the cover information. Various simulations have been made related to this, which show the high embedding rate and accuracy.
Detecting and Distinguishing Adaptive and Non-Adaptive Steganography by Image Segmentation
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhao Xianfeng , Guan Qingxiao
Published: October 2018

This article describes how blind steganalysis aiming at uncovering the existence of hidden data in digital images remains an open problem. Conventional spatial image steganographic algorithms hide data into pixels spreading evenly in the entire cover image, while the content-adaptive algorithms prefer the textural areas and edge regions. In this article, the impact of image content on blind steganalysis is discussed and a practical and extensible approach to distinguish the different types of steganography and construct blind steganalytic detector is proposed. Through the technique of image segmentation, the images are segmented into sub-images with different levels of texture. The classifier only cares for the sub-images which can help modeling the statistical detectability and is trained on sub-images instead of the entire image. Experimental results show the authors' scheme can recognize the type of steganographic methods reliably. The further steps to improve capacity of blind steganalysis based on image segmentation are also mentioned and achieve better performance than ordinary blind steganalysis.
Image Steganalysis in High-Dimensional Feature Spaces with Proximal Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhong Ping , Li Mengdi , Mu Kai , Wen Juan , Xue Yiming
Published: October 2018

This article presents the linear Proximal Support Vector Machine (PSVM) to the image steganalysis, and further generates a very efficient method called PSVM-LSMR through implementing PSVM by the state-of-the-art optimization method Least Square Minimum-Residual (LSMR). Also, motivated by extreme learning machine (ELM), a nonlinear algorithm PSVM-ELM is proposed for the image steganalysis. It is shown by the experiments with the wide stego schemes and rich steganalysis feature sets in both the spatial and JPEG domains that the PSVM can achieve comparable performance with Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) and ridge regression, and its computational time is far more less than that of them on large feature sets. The PSVM-LSMR is comparable to Ridge Regression implemented by LSMR (RR-LSMR), and both of them require the least computational time among all the competitions when dealing with medium or large feature sets. The nonlinear PSVM-ELM performs comparably or even better than FLD and ridge regression for the spatial domain steganographic schemes, and its computational time is apparently less than that of them on large feature sets.
EMILIO GABBA E L’UNIVERSITÀ DI PAVIA
Authors: Rugge Fabio
Published: October 2018

The personality of Emilio Gabba, ancient history’s scholar, is remembered from various angles: the scientific rigour, the deep humanity and the open-mindedness towards the young people, especially the students.
CONCLUSIONI
Authors: Mazzoli Giancarlo
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile.
On the Descriptions of Data: The Usability of Notations
Authors: Pemberton Steven
Published: October 2018

This presentation was given at Balisage 2018 as an “Encore Presentation”. The Balisage program consisted of all new material on a wide variety of topics related to markup. At the time the program was assembled, the Conference Committee believed that every one of the speakers who accepted a spot on the program would be able to come to Balisage and make a presentation. Unfortunately, sometimes things happen, and from time to time, scheduled speakers are unable to give their presentations. Balisage attendees who have previously delivered markup-related presentations are invited then to offer them as fill-ins. This presentation was such an “Encore Presentation”.
Heterogeneous OH oxidation of secondary brown carbon aerosol
Authors: Schnitzler Elijah G. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Light-absorbing organic aerosol, or brown carbon (BrC), has significant but
poorly constrained effects on climate; for example, oxidation in the
atmosphere may alter its optical properties, leading to absorption
enhancement or bleaching. Here, we investigate for the first time the effects
of heterogeneous OH oxidation on the optical properties of a laboratory
surrogate of aqueous, secondary BrC in a series of photo-oxidation chamber
experiments. The BrC surrogate was generated from aqueous resorcinol, or
1,3-dihydroxybenzene, and H2O2 exposed to >300 nm
radiation that is atomized, passed through trace gas denuders, and injected
into the chamber, which was conditioned to either 15 % or 60 %
relative humidity (RH). Aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients and single scattering albedo (SSA) at
405 nm were measured using a photoacoustic spectrometer. At
60 % RH, upon OH exposure,
absorption first increased, and the SSA decreased sharply. Subsequently,
absorption decreased faster than scattering, and SSA increased gradually.
Comparisons to the modelled trend in SSA, based on Mie theory calculations,
confirm that the observed trend is due to chemical evolution, rather than
slight changes in particle size. The initial absorption enhancement is likely
due to molecular functionalization and/or oligomerization and the bleaching
to fragmentation. By contrast, at 15 % RH, slow absorption enhancement
was observed without appreciable bleaching. A multi-layer kinetics model,
consisting of two surface reactions in series, was constructed to provide
further insights regarding the RH dependence of the optical evolution. Candidate parameters suggest
that the oxidation is efficient, with uptake coefficients on the order of
unity. The parameters also suggest that, as RH decreases, reactivity
decreases and aerosol viscosity increases, such that particles are well-mixed
at 60 % RH but not at 15 % RH. These results further the current
understanding of the complex processing of BrC that may occur in the
atmosphere.
Physical processes of cooling and megadrought in 4.2 ka BP event: results from TraCE-21ka simulations
Authors: Yan Mi , Liu Jian , Ning Liang
Published: October 2018

Abstract. It is widely believed that multidecadal to centennial cooling and drought occurred from 4500 BP to 3900 BP, known as the 4.2 ka BP event that triggered the collapse of many cultures. However, whether this event was a global event or a regional event and what caused this event remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics, the possible causes and the related physical processes of the event using a set of long-term climate simulations, including one all-forcing experiment and four single-forcing experiments. The results derived from the all-forcing experiment show that this event occurred over most parts of the Northern Hemisphere (NH), indicating that this event could have been a hemispheric event. The cooler NH and warmer Southern Hemisphere (SH) illustrate that this event could be related to the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The comparison between the all-forcing experiment and the single-forcing experiments indicates that this event was likely caused by internal variability. A positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern in the atmosphere (low troposphere) triggered a negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)-like pattern in the ocean, which then triggered a Circumglobal Teleconnection (CGT)-like wave train pattern in the atmosphere (high troposphere). The positive NAO-like pattern and the CGT-like pattern are the direct physical processes that led to the NH cooling and megadrought. The AMO-like pattern plays a bridge role in maintaining this barotropic structure in the atmosphere at a multidecadal-centennial time scale. Our work provides a global image and dynamic background to help better understand the 4.2 ka BP event.
A new methodology to train fracture network simulation
using Multiple Point Statistic
Authors: Bruna Pierre-Olivier , Straubhaar Julien , Pranhakaran Rahul , Bertotti Giovanni , Bisdom Kevin , Mariethoz Grégoire , Meda Marco
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Natural fractures have a strong impact on flow and storage properties of reservoirs. Their distribution in the subsurface is largely unknown mainly due to their sub-seismic scale and to the scarcity of available data sampling them (borehole). Outcrop can be considered as analogues where natural fracture characteristics can be extracted. However, acquiring fracture data on outcrops may produce a large amount of information that needs to be processed and efficiently interpreted to capture the key parameters defining fracture network geometry. Outcrops thus become a natural laboratory where the interpreted fracture network can be tested mechanically (fracture aperture, distribution of strain/stress) and dynamically (fluid flow simulations (Bisdom et al., 2017). The goal of this paper is to propose the multiple point statistics (MPS) method as a new tool to quickly predict the geometry of a fracture network in both surface and subsurface conditions. This sequential simulation method is based on the creation of small and synthetic training images representing fracture distribution parameters observe in the field. These training images represent the complexity of the geological object or processes to be simulated and can be simply designed by the user. In this paper we chose to use multiple training images and a probability map to represent the fracture network geometry and its potential variability in a non-stationary manner. The method was tested on a fracture pavement (2D flat surface) acquired using a drone in the Apodi area in Brazil. Fractures were traced manually on images of the outcrop and constitute the reference on which the fracture network simulations will be based. A sensitivity analysis emphasizing the influence of the conditioning data, the simulation parameters and the used training images was conducted on the obtained simulations. Stress-induced fracture aperture calculations were performed on the best realisations and on the original outcrop fracture interpretation to qualitatively evaluate the accuracy of our simulations. The method proposed here is innovative and adaptable. It can be used on any type of rocks containing natural fractures in any kind of tectonic context. This workflow can also be applied to the subsurface to predict the fracture arrangement and its fluid flow efficiency in water, heat or hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Pintando sonidos a través de la Improvisación Colectiva en Educación Secundaria
Authors: Lage-Gómez Carlos , Cremades-Andreu Roberto
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo explora los procesos de aprendizaje en la improvisación colectiva a través de un estudio de Investigación Acción centrado en la musicalización de una serie de cuadros de una pintora profesional (de reconocido prestigio). El estudio se desarrolló en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria de una localidad madrileña a lo largo de 14 sesiones con un grupo de 3º de ESO (28 estudiantes), durante el tercer trimestre del curso 2010-2011, como un ciclo de un estudio de investigación. Las preguntas de investigación se agruparon en torno al análisis de los procesos de aprendizaje, aspectos emergentes, además de estimar la pertinencia de este procedimiento como una estrategia efectiva para utilizar en el aula de música en secundaria. Para la recogida de los datos se emplearon la observación participante y no participante, grabaciones audiovisuales, entrevistas y encuestas. En la discusión se plantea la naturaleza holística del aprendizaje determinada por la identidad del grupo, motivación, las emociones positivas, el ambiente y bienestar, enmarcada en el desarrollo de un proyecto didáctico transversal.
Building a Locally Relevant Curriculum for Korean Language Teachers
Authors: Chun Hee Chung , Cho Young-mee Yu
Published: October 2018

This paper identifies areas of critical needs emerging in the K–12 Korean teacher education by examining an array of data: (1) a summary of teacher certification processes and training programs, (2) results of a survey and an interview with practicing and prospective Korean teachers, and (3) student feedback from practicum classes. Several state universities in the United States offer K–12 Korean teacher certification as interdisciplinary pursuits rather than a single unit degree program, which involves collaboration between various components of the institution, including the Korean language program. Focusing on one such certification process in the state university of New Jersey, this article lays out a workable curriculum that could address the needs of both existing certification programs and a new MA program in Korean language education. Beyond the standard array of courses on foreign language acquisition and classroom management, we argue for a coherent curriculum, specifically designed for Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) education. In addition, by properly contextualizing KFL pedagogy in the Korean studies program at the university, we attempt to create “content connections,” one of the five goals spelled out in the Standards for Korean Language Learning (2012).
The Crowdfunding: A New Financial Instrument for the Start-Ups?
Authors: Damilano Marina , Rovera Cristina
Published: October 2018

Start-ups are new businesses, which need a good amount of equity to finance investments. Crowdfunding is an alternative instrument to collect money. It does not need the intervention of a bank, but allows to obtain the funds directly from the public by network platforms.

This article focuses on the possibility for a start-up to raise capital through crowdfunding. The argument is quite known on an international level, even if scholars often focus on specific problems or on particular moments of the life cycle of the start-up. On the contrary, the two arguments are really new in Italy. The Italian crowdfunding market is young – the main increase in the platforms number (+63%) is between 2013 and 2014 - and the national regulation which allows to finance start-ups by crowdfunding is even more recent (latest legal document in 2017).

The novelty of the topic explains the added value of this article. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study focused on the Italian start-ups financed by crowdfunding. We analyze the phenomenon from the birth of the different platforms (2005 for the first one) since the end of the first semester 2018.
Military class in Poland – Experiences and perspectives
Authors: Urych Ilona
Published: October 2018

Military classes in Poland can be defined as classes of lower secondary and upper secondary
schools, which carry out broadly defined education for safety and participate with the
Ministry referred to by their name. Also, the programmes of these classes are enriched with
issues related to the defencee of the country, the history of the Polish army and the evolution
of patriotic attitudes among children and young people. Military classes in Poland are very
popular among both teachers and students.

The purpose of this article is to examine military classes in Poland, with particular focus on
experience in this field, as well as an indication of capabilities, and, thus, the developmental
prospects of these classes. The analysis was carried out starting with a presentation of the
origins of functioning military classes, after which the current possibilities of building
programmes of these classes were presented. In the next part of the work the author has
carried out a preliminary diagnosis of the functioning of military classes. Subsequently, the
proposal of a programme of military classes, which was developed at the National Defence
Academy in Warsaw in 2014, is revealed. The whole article ends with a summary and
conclusions.
Pro-Daesh jihadist propaganda. A study of social media and video games
Authors: El Ghamari Magdalena
Published: October 2018

The fight that Europe and the West must wage against jihadist terrorism will take some time, but if we live up to our values of integration and democracy, we will come out of it soon. As Giovanni Falcone, the Italian judge killed by the Mafia, once said about the Mafia: “It is a human phenomenon, and as all human phenomena has a start and an evolution, it will have also an end”.

 Jihadis have been using Twitter at least since 2010, with the Shabaab joining the site in December 2011, but never before to this extent. One early adapter of Twitter, the Afghan Taliban, began to establish their social media presence in December 2010, through which they issued brief bulletins about their actions and alerts for forthcoming communiqués. Many of the most prominent jihadi groups have followed the same path, including the Shabaab al-Mujahideen, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). The content of these Twitter accounts has tended to closely mirror material released to jihadi forums. For example, the Afghan Taliban may post the text of a communiqué to their website, to a jihadi forum, and to the Twitter account of one of their spokesmen. Mirroring jihadi groups, elements of the online jihadi community have also migrated to social media sites, with prominent forums such as Shumukh al-Islam and Ansar al- Mujahideen English Forum creating Twitter accounts to publicise notable releases and discussions. Concurrently, many individual jihadis and jihadi supporters have joined Twitter, enthusiastically circulating propaganda among themselves and promoting it to potential recruits. Yet, the benefits conferred by social networking come with a substantial cost: social networking platforms can sow great confusion if known official accounts are deleted and re-established or if there are multiple accounts claiming to represent a specific jihadi group. In order to reach the new official accounts, followers must be able to distinguish the legitimate social media accounts of jihadi groups from non-authenticated users, which is a level of ambiguity that is not found on jihadi forums.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Shockwave Therapy with Selected Physical Therapy Procedures in Patients with Tennis Elbow Syndrome
Authors: Mastej Sabina , Pop Teresa , Bejer Agnieszka , Płocki Jędrzej , Kotela Ireneusz
Published: October 2018

Wstęp. Łokieć tenisisty jest to zespół bólowy tkanek miękkich okolicy nadkłykcia bocznego kości ramiennej. Celem pracy było porównanie skuteczności terapii radialną falą uderzeniową (RSWT) z zabiegami laseroterapii i ultradźwięków w badanej grupie.
Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono na grupie 77 pacjentów, których poddano terapii radialną falą uderze­niową (RSWT; grupa pierwsza – 40 osób) vs laser i ultradźwięki (grupa druga – 37 osób). Do pomiaru efektów terapii wy­ko­­rzystano testy funkcjonal­ne Milla i Thomsona, kwestionariusz EQ-5D-5L do ogólnej oceny stanu zdrowia oraz specy­ficz­ny kwestiona­riusz Patient – Rated Tennis Elbow Ewaluation (PRTEE) oceny funkcjonalnej pacjentów z „łokciem tenisisty’.
Wyniki. Zarówno w pomiarze testem Thomsona i Milla odnotowano istotną statystycznie poprawę wyników w oby­dwu gru­pach. Efekty leczenia istotnie statystycznie różniły się pomiędzy grupami w pomiarze testem Milla (p=0,006). Efekty terapii mie­rzone w skali PRTEE istotnie statystycznie różniły się w dwóch badanych grupach w każdej z kategorii (p<0,001) na korzyść grupy leczonej RSWT. W skali EQ-5D-5L większą statystycznie poprawę zaobserwowano w grupie leczonej RSWT jedynie w kategorii samoobsługi (p=0,024).
Wnioski. 1. Zarówno leczenie z zastosowaniem laseroterapii i ultradźwięków jak i radialnej fali uderzeniowej istotnie wpływają na zmniejszenie dolegliwości bólowych, a tym samym na poprawę funkcji kończyny górnej oraz jakości życia osób z zespołem łokcia tenisisty. 2. Wykazano większą krótkotrwałą skuteczność terapii z zastosowaniem radialnej fali uderzeniowej w porównaniu do laseroterapii i ultradźwięków w eliminowaniu bólu oraz poprawie funkcji kończyny górnej. 3. Fala uderzeniowa wydaje się być skuteczną terapią dla pacjentów z zespołem łokcia tenisisty, niemniej należy prowadzić dalsze badania dotyczące długotrwałych efektów prezentowanej metody leczenia.
Fracture of the Femoral Stem as a Rare Complication of Total Hip Arthroplasty. Cases Report
Authors: Drobniewski Marek , Borowski Andrzej , Krasińska Magdalena , Kozłowski Piotr , Synder Marek
Published: October 2018

The aim of this paper is to present the femoral stem fracture as a rare complication of total hip arthroplasty and describe further management in such cases. We present 5 cases of stem fracture in the Mittelmeier prosthe­sis which occurred from 8 to 29 years after the primary procedure. In three cases, the primary hip arthroplasty was performed due to dysplastic coxarthrosis. The remaining two patients had idiopathic and post-traumatic coxarthrosis. The four female patients underwent revision hip arthroplasty with stem replacement. One patient refused surgical treatment and has been followed up at the outpatient clinic. Annual clinical and radiological examination is an approved method for detecting late complications Hip arthroplasty should be performed at specialised centres where relevant prostheses and instruments are used. A transfemoral approach and the use of revision stems anchored in the femoral shaft is a method of choice for revision procedures performed due to stem fractures.
Utilization of FT-NIR Spectroscopy to Check Acidity of Various Types of Cheeses
Authors: Sustova Kvetoslava , Mlcek Jiri , Luzova Tana , Kuchtik Jan
Published: October 2018

Background: Monitoring the acidity of cheese is an important control mechanism in various stages of manufacture, including aging. Acid development in cheesemaking is essential to cheese flavor, texture, and safety. Objective: The aim of the work was to develop and validate calibration models by using NIR spectroscopy, which allows for the monitoring of changes in cheese acidity (pH and titration acidity) during cheese ripening. Methods: Cheeses were analyzed by an FT-NIR spectrometer. Each of the samples was analyzed three times, and for calibration, an average spectrum was used. A partial least-squares regression was used to develop calibration models. The constructed calibration models were validating by full cross-validation. Results: Calibration models were created with a high correlation coefficient for the following cheese pH levels: blue cheese (0.966), Olomouc curd read smear cheese (0.984), and fresh goat cheese (0.980). Results of the calibration of titratable acidity are functional for fresh goat cheese (0.953) and mozzarella (0.999). Conclusions: The results of these new calibration methods showed the possibility of NIR technology for the fast determination of pH and titratable acidity. Highlights: Detection of cheese acidity using FT-NIR spectrometry enables rapid evaluation of the process of lactic acidification in particular cheese technological operations, including the maturing of cheeses.
From the Editor: Connecting People to What They Need to Know
Authors: Kern M. Kathleen
Published: October 2018

The title of this column comes from Dr. Carla Hayden’s interview at the RUSA President’s Program at ALA Annual 2018. In the words of the Librarian of Congress, “Reference is, of course, facts. But it is also connecting people to what they need to know, when they need to know it.” Her statement was not just about reference, but about the core purpose of what we do in our libraries—all types of libraries—every day.Listening to the conversation between past ALA President Courtney Young and Dr. Hayden, I was inspired by the themes that cut across library types and connected with the mission of RUSQ. RUSQ is focused on the work that we do, rather than where we perform that work. Place and community are immensely important but our fundamental professional value lies in how we connect with those communities. RUSQ’s columns, research articles, and reviews focus on our shared goals and work so that we can grow professionally through reading a broad range of perspectives, ideas, and research. This quarter’s issue exemplifies this model, presenting content from public and academic librarians on topics ranging from reading to reference to career changes.
From the President: Finding Our Balance with Respect
Authors: Brown Ann K. G.
Published: October 2018

At ALA Annual 2018, I was inspired by Michelle Obama’s conversation with Dr. Carla Hayden. Two things in particular resonated with me. The first is personal: that you can have everything, you just can’t have it all at the same time. It’s been an interesting year for me as President-Elect of RUSA as I’ve been juggling to balance work, life, and volunteering; a struggle I know we all face on a day-to-day basis.
Career Conversations: New Beginnings within a Library Career
Authors: Leonard Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

Welcome to our new RUSQ column, Career Conversations. This regular column will explore career issues that librarians are facing, what the research says, and how you and your peers are managing these challenges. Have a topic you’d like to explore? Email us at RUSQCareerConvo@gmail.com.—RUSQ Editor