bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Disinformation Laws in the Age of Social Media
Authors: Chang Cheng-Chi (Kirin)
Published: October 2024

Misinformation on social media is a significant issue today, necessitating a thorough analysis of the problem and potential solutions. To protect free speech while holding those who spread fake news accountable, the US legal system must make certain adjustments. While the First Amendment safeguards online freedom of expression, exceptions exist. Social media firms are exempt from responsibility under §230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) since they only host, rather than create, false news. These firms may withdraw content without legal repercussions because of this immunity, which creates the possibility of censorship. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of how social media-driven disinformation is handled, it is also important to compare the US legal model to those of the European Union and certain Asian nations. This essay will investigate the issue of fake news disseminated through social media and propose solutions to the issue while also recommending modifications to misinformation laws to improve their efficacy and prevent censorship risks.
Risk factors, complications, and outcomes of cystotomy in guinea pigs: 25 cases (2010–2023)
Authors: Behrens Kristen N. , Cray Megan T. , Noonan Brendan
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To describe the complications, surgical outcome, and prognosis associated with cystotomies in guinea pigs.

METHODS

A retrospective review of medical records of guinea pigs undergoing cystotomy for uroliths or urethroliths between 2010 and 2023.

RESULTS

25 guinea pigs were included in the study. Uroliths were confirmed on radiographs in all 25 cases, with 9 patients (36%) having at least 1 stone within the urethra. The cystotomy procedure was associated with an intraoperative complication rate of 24% and a short-term complication rate of 76%. Discomfort was the only presenting clinical sign significantly associated with survival, with a risk of dying prior to discharge that was a sixth of the risk of dying if a patient presented without signs of discomfort (risk ratio = 0.177). For patients with a stone within the urethra, the probability of death prior to discharge was 6 times that of patients with a stone within the bladder (P = .010; risk ratio = 5.966).

CONCLUSIONS

Cystotomies were associated with a mortality rate of 40% prior to discharge and 56% within the first month postoperatively. Further studies are needed to determine what specifically may lead to the high mortality rate as well as whether alternative minimally invasive procedures may be helpful in improving outcomes.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

This study is the first to document risk factors, complications, and outcomes of a cohort of guinea pigs specifically undergoing cystotomy for urolithiasis. Given the high risk for complications and mortality, caution and owner preparation must be considered when a cystotomy is recommended for guinea pig patients.
Studying of the Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia annua L.)
Authors: Gyalai Ingrid Melinda , Süli-Zakar Tímea , Tóth Csenge , Marschall Marianna , Kiss Tivadar , Rajabov Toshpulot , Lantos Ferenc
Published: October 2024

In the last years, the research on the sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) has increasingly become the focus of oncology science. The bioactive ingredient of the plant is artemisinin, which has been proven to be effective in the treatment of malaria. At the same time, Hungarian and international research groups are also investigating the plant, with the research aimed at the treatment of malignant cancer. In Europe, the therapeutic use of medicinal plants against tumours is realized in relatively few countries, in contrast, phytotherapy research in Asia reports results with a significant therapeutic effect. The aim of our work was to investigate the antioxidant effect of Artemisia annua. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) laboratory assays proved that the parts of the herb show a significant antioxidant effect, while the seed and the extracted bioactive ingredient artemisinin have no antioxidant capacity at all. On the other hand, aqueous extracts made from leafy shoots showed promising antioxidant capacity values DPPH 10.48 ±0.46. Due to its bitter taste index 1548, it can be used in premixed feed e.g. for piglets.
Evaluation of Flow Resistance Increase Due to Fouling in Cooling Channels: A Case Study for Rapid Injection Molding
Authors: Przybyliński Tomasz , Tomaszewski Adam , Krzemianowski Zbigniew , Kwidziński Roman , Rolka Paulina , Sapeta Grzegorz , Socha Robert P.
Published: October 2024

After certain time of operation, the cross-section of cooling channels in injection molds may decrease due to fouling, i.e. the formation and growth of a layer of sediment on the walls of the channels. This phenomenon can decrease heat transfer or ultimately completely block the flow of coolant in the channel. The build-up of the sediment layer increases the temperature of the mold, which may consequently reduce the quality of the plastic products. In the paper, the pressure drop in a typical cooling channel of an injection mold is investigated, as well as the effect of the sediment layer on the coolant flow in an example channel with a diameter of 10 mm. A novelty is the developed analytical model that allows determining the pressure drop in the case when two perpendicular channels do not intersect centrally due to manufacturing inaccuracies that often happen when drilling long channels in hard materials. The proposed hydraulic model allows for calculation of the coolant pressure drop in real injection molds and can be an alternative to time-consuming CFD simulations. The presented results of measurements and the hydraulic model calculations show that the thickness of the sediment layer in the tested channel of the actual injection mold can be up to 1.7 mm. The hydraulic model proposed in this work allows for the estimation of the thickness of the sediment layer and the identification of places of local increase in the coolant velocity, where self-cleaning of the channels in injection molds may take place.
Do Green Bonds Issue Statistically Significant Effect on the Indebteness’ European Companies’ Performance?
Authors: Pires Maria Clara Pereira , Cantarinha Ana Isabel Guerra
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of issuing Green Bonds on the financial performance of European energy companies. This paper analyses the indebtedness of 30 European companies in the energy sector and verifies if there is any relationship between the Green Bonds issue and companies’ value between 2015 and 2022.
 
Theoretical Framework: Green Bonds have been increasing their visibility in the financing market, representing an innovative debt instrument, becoming a way of reducing the pressure of bank loans and the associated financial costs. Green Bonds present themselves as an important choice for economic agents, with a positive impact on the financial performance of financed projects expected. We therefore thought it would be interesting to analyze whether green bonds have a statistically significant effect on the debt performance of European energy companies.
 
Method: For this purpose, the Bloomberg database was used, and a sample of bonds from Euronext ESG Bonds. A Pooled OLS and Random model were applied. The software chosen for analyzing the empirical model was R Studio. The Chi-Square independence test and Cramer's V were also applied.
 
Results and Discussion: Results indicate that in the years in which energy companies issued Green Bonds they had a better performance, measured by the ROE indicator. The internal variables TTA, LTA, STA, EAF and GAF are statistically significant in the performance (ROE) of the Energy European Companies. The Chi-Square independence test and Cramer's V degree of association between the debt and DUMMY variable were also applied. The conclusion is that when Green Bonds are issued, indebtedness decreases. Issuing Green Bonds is a more sustainable alternative to traditional sources of finance. There is a lot of research in this area, and it is quite diverse. There are researchers interested in this topic on all continents. In this sense, given the difference in Green Bonds legislation and cultural aspects, it is not always straightforward to carry out a comparative analysis of the results obtained.
 
Research Implications: Green finance has become an important subject for researchers and promotes sustainable economic development. The goal is financing green projects, contributing to mitigation and adaptation to climate changes. Represent a resent an innovative debt instrument. In other words, it is an important choice for economic agents.
 
Originality/Value: It's the first study of the European Union's energy companies that emit Green Bonds. It should be noted that issuing Green Bonds is not only important for environmental and sustainability issues, but also means reducing bank loans, which have high financial costs. More sustainable forms of financing are important for growth and keeping up with the changes the world is going through. Companies must be aware of these new forms of financing as routine bank loans are not always the best way to meet companies' financial needs.
Analysis of Changing Pattern of Population at Haldia Municipal Area, West Bengal
Authors: Maity Sanjay
Published: October 2024

Urban growth of Haldia Town within the last 40 years is observed through census data and Municipality map of different times which points out the dramatic change in the study area. Census data and Municipality map have been used to analyse the population growth and areal extension. Findings reveal that Haldia Municipality has experienced rapid change in patterns of population size and population density. In order to achieve ecological sustainability and human wellbeing, proper urban planning mechanisms should be in place.
Detection of Schizophrenia from EEG Signal–A Convolution Neural Network Framework using Small Dataset
Authors: Sarkar Angshuman , Mallik Shambo Saurav
Published: October 2024

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a brain disorder that disrupts normal thoughts, actions and emotions of a person. A common, cost-effective method of diagnosing SZ is using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Since EEG signals are collected from many different channels over a long period of time, it sometimes become difficult for physicians to interpret numerous patterns of signals. In this work, authors proposed a number of deep learning (DL) based methods to separate the SZ patients from normal subjects from their EEG data using a small dataset of 14 SZ patients and 14 healthy subjects. Results were compared with works of others and the proposed CNN-LSTM method was found to perform better.
Impact of Climate Change - Evidence from Archaeological Structures of West Bengal
Authors: Das Gautam Kumar
Published: October 2024

The weathered and battered ancient archaeological structures are vulnerable to climate change. Due to global warming, climate change, sea level rise, etc., construction and cementing materials of the archaeological structures are undergoing rapid, adverse chemical changes. As a consequence, construction materials are losing their durability and the adhesive power of indigenous cementing materials used in ancient structures are rapidly diminished. The current status of construction and cementing materials at various archaeological sites across the Bengal basin and the impact of climate change on them are discussed.
Atuação do dentista em ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Mendes Gabriela Fernanda Feitosa , Aguiar Raquel Carvalho de , Lima Marcelo Breno Cruz , Cavalcante Marcela Vitória Silva , Aires Rubia Hellem Nascimento , Carvalho Maria Clara Amorim , Siqueira Augusto Machado de , Moreira Thiago Henrique Gonçalves , Linhares Helton Diego Dantas , Lopes Matheus Araújo Brito Santos
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de acadêmicos de odontologia no contexto hospitalar público. Relato de experiência: Trata-de de vivências de acadêmicos do sexto período do curso de Odontologia de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, realizada em um hospital público no município de Caxias, Maranhão, durante o mês de março de 2024, no período matutino e vespertino. Todas as atividades foram supervisionadas por um docente pertencente à equipe do hospital, com formação em Odontologia Hospitalar. Para a análise foi adotada a Metodologia da Problematização por meio do Arco de Maguerez.  A experiência proporcionou uma visão das limitações enfrentadas no contexto da saúde pública. A escassez de recursos, a falta de instrumentais cirúrgicos adequados e baixa qualidade dos EPIs, demonstou a necessidade de adaptação para assegurar a prestação de cuidados de saúde aos pacientes. Na visita à UTI, as condições precárias de infraestrutura e falta de biossegurança, evidenciaram falhas no controle de infecções. Além disso, a utilização dos materiais fornecidos pelas próprias estudantes ressaltou a falta de recursos para realizar procedimentos simples, como a higiene bucal dos pacientes. Considerações finais: A experiência na odontologia hospitalar permitiu a reflexão sobre os desafios e oportunidades no âmbito da saúde pública.
THE CHOICE OF ANESTHESIA METHOD FOR HYBRID ANGIOPLASTY. CLINICAL OBSERVATION
Authors: CHERNIY V.I. , MIRONA V.S. , GUPALO YU.M.
Published: October 2024

Many patients presenting for surgical revascularization of the lower extremities have progressive systemic atherosclerotic disease affecting not only the peripheral extremities, but also the coronary, cerebral, and renal vessels. Vascular patients are therefore considered high perioperative risk patients, making them a real challenge even for experienced anesthesiologists. This article analyzes a clinical case of hybrid angioplasty of lower extremity vessels in a patient with generalized atherosclerotic lesions under regional anesthesia with ultrasound navigation. Analysis of the clinical case and its analysis shows that regional anesthesia provides reliable protection against surgical stress with minimal impact on the body and should be used in patients with concomitant cardiac and pulmonary pathologies.
Chemical Space for Peptide-based Antimicrobials
Authors: Orsi Markus , Personne Hippolyte , Bonvin Etienne , Paschoud Thierry , Olcay Basak , Hu Xiaoling , Javor Sacha , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: October 2024

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a global public health threat, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), derived from naturally occurring linear or cyclic peptides, can provide the solution. However, most AMPs are sensitive to proteases and have poor pharmacokinetics. The EU-funded ERC Advanced Grant SPACE4AMPS aims to identify new AMPs by applying the concepts of chemical space and ligand-based virtual screening, which are well known for small molecule drug discovery, to the world of peptides. We create virtual libraries of peptides and related molecules and use these approaches to select a few tens of compounds for synthesis and detailed. evaluation of antibacterial, toxicity and stability effects. Recent results and prospects of this ongoing project are presented in this review.
Модель доступности на основе теории сетевого исчисления для потоковой системы обработки данных
Authors: Виталий Георгиевич Промыслов
Published: October 2024

Анализируется проблема проектирования системы с учетом доступности для цифровых вычислительных систем, ориентированных на потоковую обработку данных. Доступность рассматривается в контексте модели «конфиденциальность, целостность доступность (КЦД)» информационной безопасности. Доступность характеризуется тем, что она является оценкой временных свойств системы, ее функции или компонента в заданных условиях в конкретный момент времени. Для оценки доступности предложена трехуровневая референтная модель, связанная с различным представлением системы на архитектурном и функциональном уровне. Рассмотрена реализация модели в рамках теории сетевых исчислений (ТСИ), что позволяет рассчитать предельные (консервативные) оценки временных параметров в системе. Показана применимость модели с ТСИ в инженерной практике для анализа доступности в распределенных цифровых вычислительных системах с конкурентной обработкой потоковых данных. Полученная оценка доступности может быть использована для диагностики отклонений поведения системы в результате ошибок или враждебных действий злоумышленника, а также при проектировании для обоснования архитектуры и характеристик компонентов системы.

The work examines the problem of assessing accessibility in digital computing systems focused on flow data processing, Availability is considered in the context of the confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) model of information security, Availability is characterized by the fact that it is a “point” assessment of the time characteristics of a system, its function or element, To assess availability, a three-level reference model is proposed, associated with different representations of the system at the architectural and functional levels, The formulation of the model is considered within the framework of the network calculus theory (NC), which makes it possible to apply this model to calculate the accessibility of digital computing systems in practice, To test the model, the work analyzes the availability of the system on a mock-up of a digital computing system with competitive processing of streaming data on the server, The possibility of calculating system parameters for various disciplines of processing competing threads on the server is shown.
Разработка метода управления беспилотной авиационной системой с учетом кода ip в задаче транспортировки грузов
Authors: Александр Александрович Саломатин
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена разработке метода управления беспилотной авиационной системой с учетом кода IP в задаче транспортировки грузов. Проводится короткий обзор работ, посвященных методам и алгоритмам группового управления беспилотными летательными аппаратами (БПЛА) при транспортировке грузов. Предлагаются новые математические модели и метод управления гетерогенной группой БПЛА в задаче транспортировки грузов. Основой для их разработки служит учет кода IP для формирования метеорологических ограничений маршрутной сети. Первая и вторая характеристические цифры кода IP позволили определить ограничения влияния дождя, снега и снежной крупы. Отмеченные явления могут нести серьезные последствия для БПЛА, осуществляющих полёт, приводить их к различного рода неисправностям. Лицо, принимающее решение (ЛПР), может осуществлять выбор БПЛА для выполнения миссии с необходимыми показателями цифр кода IP, тем самым осуществляя реконфигурацию беспилотной авиационной системы (БАС), и формировать более эффективные с точки зрения управления решения. Проводится вычислительный эксперимент, подтверждающий данное утверждение. Для рассмотренных районов применение нового метода, учитывающего код IP для БПЛА, позволяет улучшить оценку эффективности по сравнению с существующим методом.

The paper is devoted to the development of a method for controlling unmanned aerial systems taking into account the IP code in the task of cargo transportation. A short review of works devoted to methods and algorithms of group control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in cargo transportation is carried out. New mathematical models and method of control of heterogeneous group of UAVs in the task of cargo transportation are proposed. The basis for their development is the consideration of the IP code for the formation of meteorological constraints of the route network. The first and second characteristic digits of the IP code allowed us to determine the limitations of the influence of rain, snow and snowdrifts. These phenomena can have serious consequences for UAVs in flight, leading them to various kinds of malfunctions. The decision maker (DM) can select the UAV for the mission with the required IP code digits, thus reconfiguring the unmanned aerial system (UAS) and forming more effective solutions from the management point of view. A computational experiment is conducted to confirm this statement. For the considered areas, the application of the new method, taking into account the IP code for the UAV, allows to improve the efficiency estimation in comparison with the existing method.
Об именах Барбело-Пруник; Епифаний Кипрский. Панарион 1.2.25-26
Authors: Алексей Викторович Гараджа
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются варианты происхождения имен ключевой фигуры гностической мифологии Софии-Ахамоф - «Барбело» и «Пруник». Наивный этимологизм современных (начиная с 18 века и до наших дней) интерпретаторов надежных результатов здесь не приносит - главным образом, из-за однобокости подхода, не соответствующего синкретическому характеру предмета исследования. Исправить положение может привлечение широкого спектра разноязыких (греческих, коптских, семитских) и разнородных (лексикографических, литературных, эпиграфических) свидетельств. Но и в этом случае достижение однозначного толкования, свободного от домыслов и фантазий, представляется едва ли возможным, и по той же самой причине - в силу многослойности и многоуровневости интересующих нас языковых фактов и скрытых за ними жизненных и понятийных реальностей. По крайней мере, можно отследить отдельные нити этого синкретического переплетения и таким образом «снизу», исходя из данностей словотворчества и словоупотребления, попытаться поддержать и наполнить содержанием встречное движение - наметившееся в последние десятилетия концептуальное и пока что достаточно абстрактное сближение гнозиса сифианского толка с платонизмом. В качестве приложения публикуется радикально переработанный, дополненный и снабженный комментариями перевод важных фрагментов из «Панариона» Епифания Кипрского ( 1.2.25-26) с параллельным текстом на греческом по изданию Карла Холла (1915).

The paper considers the names and , and their possible origins, referring to the key figure of Gnostic mythology Sophia-Achamoth. The naiveetymologism of modern (starting from 18th century and up to the present day) interpreters does not yield reliable solutions, mostly because of its one-sided approach unsuitable for the syncretic nature of the object(s) under investigation. Drawing on a wide spectrum of multilingual (Greek, Coptic, Semitic) and heterogeneous (lexicographical, literary, epigraphic) testimonies may somewhat mend the situation. Though even in that case the attainment of an unequivocal interpretation free of conjectural and fanciful errancies seems hardly to be possible, and for the same reason - because of the multilayered, multistage character both of the linguistic facts under consideration and of historical and conceptual realities behind them. At least one can extricate individual threads in this syncretic tangle and so attempt as if from below, from the philological groundwork of word coinage and usage, to support and supply with content a counter-trend, which has been taking shape in the last decades, of a conceptual and still rather abstract rapprochement between Sethian Gnosticism and Platonism. As an appendix, a radically reworked, supplemented and commented Russian translation of the relevant passages from Epiphanius of Salamis’ ( 1.2.25-26) is provided, with the underlying Greek text according to Karl Holl (1915).
«Марш Черномора» М. Глинки в балетмейстерской разработке М. Фокина: о работе хореографа с партитурой
Authors: Д. В. Любимов
Published: October 2024

При возобновлении оперы М. И. Глинки «Руслан и Людмила» на сцене Петроградского (Мариинского) театра 27 ноября 1917 г. Михаил Фокин осуществил постановку танцев. Работая над спектаклем, он создал балетмейстерскую разработку «Марша Черномора», которая в настоящее время хранится в архиве Фокина в Санкт-Петербургской государственной Театральной библиотеке. Статья посвящена рассмотрению этой раритетной рукописи. В ходе анализа документа автор приходит к выводу, что хореограф тщательно изучил партитуру «Марша» и выстроил танцевальную композицию в соответствии с музыкой Глинки. Статья содержит иллюстративные материалы.

At the resumption of M. I. Glinka’s opera “Ruslan and Ludmila” on the stage of the Petrograd (Mariinsky) Theater on November 27, 1917, Michel Fokine staged danc es. While working on the play, Fokine created a choreographic development of the “March of Chernomor”. It is currently kept in the Fokine Archive at the Saint-Petersburg State Theat re Library. The article is devoted to the consideration of this rare manuscript. During the analysis of this document, the author comes to the conclusion that the choreographer care fully studied the score of the “March” and built a dance composition in accordance with Glinka’s music. The article contains illustrative materials.
Пять писем Розины Левиной
Authors: В.А. Гуревич
Published: October 2024

Публикуемые впервые пять писем выдающегося российско-американского музыканта — пианистки-исполнителя и педагога Розины Левиной — уникальные документы конца 1950-х гг., связанные с беспрецедентным успехом ее воспитанника Вана Клиберна (Вэна Клайберна) на Первом международном конкурсе имени П. И. Чайковского и последующим выходом в свет посвященной Клиберну монографии Софьи Хентовой. Они дают возможность уточнить ряд важных деталей, связанных с процессом создания книги.

Five letters from the outstanding Russian-American musician, pianist, perform er and teacher Rosina Levina are unique documents of the late 1950s related to the unpre cedented success of her pupil Van Cliburn at the First International Tchaikovsky Competi tion and the subsequent publication of a monograph dedicated to Cliburn by Sofia Khentova.
Круг открытий. Двухтомное издание Татьяны Шабалиной в Германии
Authors: М.А. Сапонов
Published: October 2024

В рецензии выделено значение источниковедческих открытий выдающегося исследователя, профессора Санкт-Петербургской государственной консерватории Татьяны Васильевны Шабалиной. Рецензируемый труд стал результатом многолетних поисков неизвестных ранее и хранящихся в РНБ в Санкт-Петербурге первоисточников (в основном текстовых), относящихся к наследию Иоганна Себастьяна Баха (1685–1750) и его современников. Рецензент обращает внимание читателя на необычный научный жанр двухтомного немецкого издания. Помимо исследовательских глав, этот труд содержит ценный каталог редких изданий (всего 998 позиций), считавшихся утерянными, но сохранившихся в Петербурге. Акцент сделан и на трудностях научного поиска, ведь среди тысяч книг XVII–XVIII вв., зарегистрированных в библиотечном каталоге того же времени (а другого пока нет) именно музыкальные издания не были обозначены специально. Исследователю оставалось либо заказывать из хранения в читальный зал всё подряд (а на это не хватит и целой жизни), либо требовать отдельные источники, руководствуясь лишь собственной интуицией и догадками по аналогии. В рецензии показана также естественная научная связь между аналитическими и собственно источниковедческими разделами издания.

The peer review highlights the significance of the source discoveries of the out standing researcher, Professor of the St. Petersburg State Conservatory Tatiana Vasilievna Shabalina. The reviewed work is the result of many years of searching for previously un known primary sources (mostly textual) relating to the legacy of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) and his contemporaries, which are stored at the Russian National Library in St Petersburg. The reviewer draws the reader's attention to the unusual scholarly genre of the two-volume German edition. In addition to the research chapters, this work contains a valuable catalogue of rare editions (998 items in all) that were considered lost but have survived in St. Petersburg. Emphasis is also placed on the difficulties of scientific search, be cause among the thousands of books from the 17th and 18th centuries registered in the lib rary catalogue of the same period (and there is no other catalogue), musical editions were not specifically identified. The researcher was left to either order everything in a row from the storage to the reading room (and this would not be enough for a lifetime), or to demand individual sources, guided only by his own intuition and guesses by analogy. The review also shows the natural scientific connection between the analytical and source studies sections of the publication.
Layers can be deceiving: A hopping model for small molecule diffusion in TATB crystal
Authors: Scher Jeremy , Foley Brandon , Cockreham Cody , Murialdo Maxwell , Aubry Sylvie , Kroonblawd Matthew
Published: October 2024

Many material properties of the insensitive high explosive TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6- trinitrobenzene) exhibit pronounced anisotropy due to its graphitic-like layered crystal packing structure. This structure evokes a mental schema in which the layers form nanoscopic channels, but very little is known regarding the permeability of the lattice by small molecules. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain predictions for the diffusion of small molecules through TATB single crystal. An approach to fit classical MD force fields is developed to accurately model interactions between TATB and small molecules including H2O, He, Ne, and Ar. Fitted force fields are combined with a steered MD approach to probe transport of these small molecules along selected directions in the crystal. We find that small molecule transport occurs via a hopping mechanism exhibited by distinct jumps between interstitial sites. Perhaps counter-intuitively, we find that transport via the hopping mechanism is substantially faster normal to the layers as compared to along them. This result stems from the finding that intralayer junctions between adjacent TATB molecules are the most stable interstitial sites, which leads to lower energetic barriers along directions that have a component normal to the layers. An empirical model for diffusion rate based on the MD data shows that the rate decays exponentially with increasing molecular radius and is negligibly small for for all molecules larger than He, including common atmospheric gases. These findings have implications on the interpretation of experiments that measure surface area, material response to extreme conditions, and material aging.
Guidelines for evaluating the antioxidant activity of lignin via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay
Authors: Diment Daryna , Musl Oliver , Balakshin Mikhail , RIGO Davide
Published: October 2024

The most widespread procedure to measure the antioxidant activity of lignin is via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. So far, different experimental procedures (i.e., different solvent, time, etc.) have been used to implement the DPPH methodology without estimating the effect of such modifications on the experimental procedure. To overcome this issue, the impact of the solvent, the time, and the type of substrate on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity (AoA) of lignin via the DPPH assay was investigated in this work. We found that multiple different parameters affect the evaluation of the AoA of lignin: i) the stability of the DPPH radical and the lignin solubility in a given solvent; ii) the importance of reaching steady state (the effect of time); iii) the background noise associated with lignin absorbance at λ = 515 nm (used to monitor the DPPH radical scavenging); iv) lignin structure; v) providing a normalized radical scavenging index (nRSI); vi) comparing nRSI vs. inhibition percentage (IP) values. Overall, our investigation allowed us to provide guidelines on how to perform the DPPH assay for a more reliable evaluation of lignin AoA.
Quick-and-Easy Validation of Protein–Ligand Binding Models Using Fragment-Based Semi-Empirical Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Bowling Paige , Broderick Dustin , Herbert John
Published: October 2024

Electronic structure calculations in enzymes converge very slowly with respect to the size of the model region that is described using quantum mechanics (QM), requiring hundreds of atoms to obtain converged results and exhibiting substantial sensitivity (at least in smaller models) to which amino acids are included in the QM region. As such, there is considerable interest in developing automated procedures to construct a QM model region based on well-defined criteria. However, testing such procedures is burdensome due to the cost of large-scale electronic structure calculations. Here, we show that semi-empirical methods can be used as alternatives to density functional theory (DFT) to assess convergence in sequences of models generated by various automated protocols. The cost of these convergence tests is reduced even further by means of a many-body expansion. We use this approach to examine convergence (with respect to model size) of protein–ligand binding energies. Fragment-based semi-empirical calculations afford well-converged interaction energies in a tiny fraction of the cost required for DFT calculations. Two-body interactions between the ligand and single-residue amino acid fragments provide affords a low-cost way to construct a "QM-informed" enzyme model of reduced size, furnishing an automatable active-site model-building procedure. This provides a streamlined, user-friendly approach for constructing ligand binding-site models that requires neither a priori information nor manual adjustments. Extension to model-building for thermochemical calculations should be straightforward.
Structure and Toxicity Characterization of Alkyl Hydroxylated Metabolites of 6PPD-Q
Authors: Nair Pranav , Barrett Holly , Tanoto Kaylin , Xie Linna , Sun Jianxian , Yang Diwen , Yao Han , Song Datong , Peng Hui
Published: October 2024

Distinct from other nontoxic PPD quinones, 6PPD-Q was recently discovered to be regioselectively metabolized to alkyl hydroxylated metabolites (alkyl-OH-6PPD-Q) in rainbow trout. It remains unknown whether the unique alkyl-OH-6PPD-Q might contribute to the toxicity of 6PPD-Q. To test this, we herein synthesized chemical standards of alkyl-OH-6PPD-Q isomers and investigated their metabolic formation mechanism and toxicity. The predominant alkyl-OH-6PPD-Q was confirmed to be hydroxylated on the C4 tertiary carbon (C4-OH-6PPD-Q). The formation of C4-OH-6PPD-Q was only observed in microsomal, but not cytosolic fractions of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) liver S9. A general CYP450 inhibitor fluoxetine inhibited the formation of hydroxylated metabolites of 6PPD-Q, supporting that CYP450 catalyzed the hydroxylation. This well-explained the compound- and regio-selective formation of C4-OH-6PPD-Q, due to the weak C-H bond on the C4 tertiary carbon. Surprisingly, while cytotoxicity was observed for 6PPD-Q and C3-OH-6PPD-Q in a coho salmon (O. kisutch) embryo (CSE-119) cell line, no toxicity was observed for C4-OH-6PPD-Q. To further confirm this under physiologically relevant conditions, we fractionated 6PPD-Q metabolites formed in the liver microsome of rainbow trout. Cytotoxicity was observed for the fraction of 6PPD-Q, but not the fraction of C4-OH-6PPD-Q. In summary, this study highlighted the C4 tertiary carbon as the key moiety for both metabolism and toxicity of 6PPD-Q, and confirmed that alkyl hydroxylation is a detoxification pathway for 6PPD-Q.
Photo-induced Vicinal Difunctionalization of Diaryliodonium Salts to Access Bis(tetraphenylphosphonium) Salts
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei
Published: October 2024

Vicinal bis(tetraarylphosphonium) salts have scarcely been reported in the literatures. In this study, we demonstrate that visible-light-induced difunctionalization of ortho-trifluoromethylsulfonylated diaryliodonium salts conveniently furnishes symmetric bis(phosphonium) salts without additional catalysts or photo-initiators. Furthermore, this reaction is extended to one-step synthesis of cyclic bis(phosphonium) salts. The methodology establishes a practical platform for the preparation of bis(phosphonium) salts using readily available tertiary phosphines. The bis(tetraarylphosphonium) salts are anticipated to garner wide interest in catalytic and medicinal chemistry.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Kokilaksha seed (Hygrophila auriculata(schum) Heine)- An Experimental Study
Authors: Shivananda B. Karigar Dr. , S.L. Mohan Dr. , N.B. Shridhar Dr.
Published: October 2024

None
CNS Stimulant and Antipyretic effect of Habb-e- Sammulfar-a Unani Polyherbomineral Formulation
Authors: Shariq Shamsi Dr , . Tajuddin , S.H Afaq Dr
Published: October 2024

None
Proyecto Granos de Oro
Authors: Ortiz Suárez Tannia Alejandra
Published: October 2024

Este artículo presenta un análisis profundo del proceso de producción del café orgánico y ecológico de Café Majavita, un proyecto de investigación iniciado en el año 2002. Se examinan los desafíos que enfrenta la cosecha en la región, incluyendo el impacto del cambio climático y otros aspectos que afectan el proyecto, como el desarrollo de la marca, el posicionamiento en el mercado, las condiciones laborales y el consumo. El estudio se basa en un análisis mixto que combina diagramas de flujo de procesos, análisis de riesgos, requisitos y oportunidades, y un análisis detallado de los sistemas de gestión integral implementados en la producción de café. Se identifican los factores que deterioran las plantas físicas y se evalúan los riesgos asociados a la cosecha de granos inmaduros, dañados o contaminados. Los hallazgos del estudio revelan la necesidad de implementar estrategias para mejorar la calidad y la eficiencia de la cosecha de Café Majavita. Se proponen medidas como la capacitación del personal, el uso de herramientas y equipos adecuados, la implementación de prácticas de cosecha sostenibles y la adopción de tecnologías que permitan optimizar el proceso. Adicionalmente, el documento presenta propuestas para fortalecer la marca Café Majavita, diferenciándola en el mercado como un producto orgánico de alta calidad con denominación de origen. Se sugiere la creación de una marca regional que destaque los atributos únicos del café y se implementen estrategias de marketing efectivas para aumentar las ventas.
Explorando la brecha de género en ingeniería industrial: perspectivas femeninas desde la Universidad de Córdoba
Authors: Plaza Velásquez Daniela , Echeverri Flórez Heidi María
Published: October 2024

El presente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo Existe una disparidad significativa entre hombres y mujeres en los campos STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) y se exploran las posibles razones detrás de esta brecha. Esta brecha de género no solo se manifiesta en las primeras etapas educativas, sino que también persiste en la educación superior y en el ámbito laboral. La diferencia de género en ingeniería industrial es un tema relevante en la sociedad actual, puesto que se evidencian experiencias desagradables en contra de las mujeres estudiantes de esta carrera, como maltratos psicológicos a través de algunas frases, entre las que se pueden destacar “el hecho de que seas bonita, no significa que seas inteligente; las mujeres además de ingenuas son estúpidas”. De igual manera, se observa que algunos maestros, basándose en el aspecto físico de las estudiantes, otorgan calificaciones bien sean positivas o negativas. Estas manifestaciones son consideradas expresiones machistas en contra de las mujeres, lo que conlleva a otras dificultades de índole social, limitando el desarrollo de interacciones libres de violencia. Esta investigación se basa en un análisis detallado de las experiencias de las mujeres en la carrera de ingeniería industrial de la Universidad de Córdoba, indagando en la presencia de actitudes sexistas, sexismo y estereotipos en las aulas, desde sus propias vivencias y perspectivas. Para abordar la brecha de género en las estudiantes de ingeniería desde la metodología fenomenológica, es fundamental realizar un análisis crítico de la tradición fenomenológica husserliana. Este enfoque es descriptivo y su propósito es hacer evidente la experiencia original por medio de la intuición. La evidencia del fenómeno o de la experiencia vivida se constituye mediante la percepción directa o intuición clara, es decir, tal como se supusieron o vieron su significado en la conciencia. Para complementar la metodología fenomenológica, se utilizaron también otros métodos de recolección de datos mixtos, combinando enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, como encuestas a una muestra representativa de estudiantes de ingeniería industrial. La encuesta aborda variables como las expectativas académicas y profesionales, y las experiencias de discriminación, entre otras. Los resultados de la investigación aportan soluciones al identificar las causas y consecuencias de los estereotipos y prejuicios de género en las aulas de ingeniería industrial. Una vez identificadas estas acciones, se procedió a investigar las estrategias que han resultado exitosas en otras instituciones universitarias para promover una cultura más inclusiva y equitativa en el ámbito de la ingeniería. Además, se contempló la creación de documentos u otras herramientas que contribuyan a mejorar estas acciones, así como las experiencias y perspectivas de las estudiantes de ingeniería industrial de la Universidad de Córdoba.
Desarrollo de galletas funcionales utilizando lactosuero: innovación en productos alimenticios
Authors: León Méndez Glicerio , Mercado Pérez Rubén Alejandro , Lombana Del Río Judith , Herrera De La Barrera Jasmín , Granados Conde Clemente
Published: October 2024

El estudio se centró en la investigación y desarrollo de galletas utilizando lactosuero como ingrediente principal, con el objetivo de mejorar tanto las propiedades físicas y organolépticas del producto final como su calidad nutricional. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que el lactosuero fue un componente adecuado para la elaboración de galletas, ya que permitió obtener un producto con una alta preferencia sensorial. Las galletas elaboradas con lactosuero demostraron tener características físicas y organolépticas agradables, lo que sugiere que este ingrediente puede ser utilizado de manera efectiva para mejorar la textura, el sabor y la apariencia de los productos horneados. Además, se observó una mejora significativa en la calidad nutricional de las galletas, gracias al aporte de proteínas proveniente del lactosuero. Estos hallazgos indican que el lactosuero puede ser considerado como una alternativa prometedora como fuente de proteínas en la industria alimentaria. Al utilizar lactosuero en la elaboración de galletas, se puede aprovechar este subproducto de la industria láctea de manera eficiente, reduciendo así el desperdicio y contribuyendo a una economía más sostenible.
Otro ladrillo en la pared
Authors: López Urrea Luis Francisco , López Bulla Ricardo Alfredo , Varón Quimbayo Ángel Alberto , Tabares Parra Gustavo Enrique , Cardona Patiño Camilo Augusto
Published: October 2024

El desarrollo de procesos académicos en entornos de aprendizaje en educación superior supone un conjunto de desafíos relacionados con la amplia variedad de escenarios de interacción social que intervienen como parte de este escenario. La universidad se constituye en un espacio de encuentro de diferentes culturas, motivaciones, estilos de aprendizaje, intereses, entre muchos otros elementos que confluyen en estos escenarios de formación de profesionales. Las iniciativas de formación que se adelantan deben reunir un conjunto de elementos clave, que motiven a los estudiantes a participar en la ejecución de las actividades propuestas, de forma que sea posible desarrollar las competencias previstas en función de la intencionalidad pedagógica, y los resultados esperados en las rúbricas de evaluación previstas; y de otra parte consoliden las competencias necesarias que fortalezcan su desempeño profesional en el área de formación profesional elegida. De forma complementaria, este proceso formativo se constituye en una posibilidad de descubrimiento y construcción colectiva, a partir del diseño e implementación de proyectos de aprendizaje motivadores, que ofrezcan una aplicación directa en la industria y favorezcan la interacción entre los estudiantes con el propósito de lograr la consecución de un objetivo en común, así nace “Another brick in the wall”
State Responsibility in Protecting Indonesian Migrant Workers as Fulfillment of Human Rights
Authors: Sundary Rini Irianti , Muslikhah Umi
Published: October 2024

This research aims to examine the state's responsibility in protecting Indonesian migrant workers in an effort to fulfill human rights. Indonesian migrant workers have an important role in the nation's economic development. As a contributor to the country's foreign exchange, legal protection for Indonesian migrant workers abroad is very important. The placement of migrant workers abroad has increased. The increasing interest of Indonesian migrant workers abroad is in line with the growing complexity of problems faced by Indonesian migrant workers in the form of human rights violations, verbal, physical, and sexual harassment, and other violence. The urgency of this research is to determine the role and responsibility of the state in protecting Indonesian migrant workers, especially those abroad, based on existing laws and regulations, such as the existence of Law Number 18 of 2017. This research is normative legal research. Updates and research results carried out by the government regarding the protection of Indonesian migrant workers have been regulated in Law Number 18 of 2017. Forms of protection are carried out starting before placement, during placement, and after placement. From the research conducted, it was concluded that the state's responsibility and protection for Indonesian migrant workers still need to be improved.
Friday Prayer for Women and Right to Worship
Authors: Sidiqah Meliyani
Published: October 2024

The purpose is to discover the essence of Friday Prayer for women and provide several views regarding the right to worship for women. The background of this paper is based on the differences of views regarding Friday Prayer for women. These differences lead society to divisions that must be immediately prevented because possible to trigger various actions contrary to the law from certain groups who do not understand the essence of the problem. This paper is normative juridical research using an interdisciplinary approach. Field research is only a complement to support research results. The novelty of this paper presents different research on the substance of Friday Prayer considered essential but received less attention from the public and most researchers, namely Friday Prayer “for women”. The results show that the essence of Friday Prayer for women is sunnah (permitted/not prohibited), based on Surah Al-Jumu’ah verse 9 and hadiths that exclude the obligation of Friday Prayer for women. Besides that, the action that is committed by women to perform Friday Prayer is guaranteed by law. If someone prohibits or forces women to perform or not to perform Friday Prayer, that person has violated someone’s right and the law.