bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal Mixing in the r-process Enhanced Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II*
Authors: Ji Alexander P. , Simon Joshua D. , Roederer Ian U. , Magg Ekaterina , Frebel Anna , Johnson Christian I. , Klessen Ralf S. , Magg Mattis , Cescutti Gabriele , Mateo Mario , Bergemann Maria , Bailey John I.
Published: February 2023

The ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II was enriched by a single rare and prolific r-process event. The r-process content of Reticulum II thus provides a unique opportunity to study metal mixing in a relic first galaxy. Using multi-object high-resolution spectroscopy with VLT/GIRAFFE and Magellan/M2FS, we identify 32 clear spectroscopic member stars and measure abundances of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ba where possible. We find

72

−
12

+
10

%

of the stars are r-process-enhanced, with a mean

[
Ba
/
H
]

=
−
1.68

±

0.07

and unresolved intrinsic dispersion σ
[Ba/H]<0.20. The homogeneous r-process abundances imply that Ret II’s metals are well mixed by the time the r-enhanced stars form, which simulations have shown requires at least 100 Myr of metal mixing in between bursts of star formation to homogenize. This is the first direct evidence of bursty star formation in an ultrafaint dwarf galaxy. The homogeneous dilution prefers a prompt and high-yield r-process site, such as collapsar disk winds or prompt neutron star mergers. We also find evidence from [Ba/H] and [Mg/Ca] that the r-enhanced stars in Ret II formed in the absence of substantial pristine gas accretion, perhaps indicating that ≈70% of Ret II stars formed after reionization.
Globular Clusters in NGC 4839 Falling into Coma: Evidence for the Second Infall?
Authors: Oh Seong-A , Lee Myung Gyoon , Jang In Sung
Published: February 2023

NGC 4839 is the brightest galaxy (cD) of the NGC 4839 group at R ≈ 1 Mpc in the southwest of the Coma cluster, which is known to be falling into Coma. However, it has been controversial whether it is in the first phase of infall or in the second phase of infall after passing the Coma center. We present a wide field study of globular clusters (GCs) in NGC 4839 and its environment based on Hyper Suprime-Cam gr images in the Subaru archive. We compare the GC system of NGC 4839 with that of NGC 4816, which is the brightest member (S0) of the nearby group and lies at a similar distance in the west from the Coma center. Interestingly the spatial distribution of the GCs in NGC 4839 is significantly more compact than that of the GCs in NGC 4816. In addition, the radial number density profile of the GCs in NGC 4839 shows an abrupt drop at R
N4839 ≈ 80 kpc, while that of the GCs in NGC 4816 shows a continuous slow decline even in the outer region at 80 < R
N4816 < 500 kpc. The effective radius of the NGC 4839 GC system is about 3 times smaller than that of the NGC 4816 GC system. This striking difference can be explained if NGC 4839 lost a significant fraction of the GCs in its outskirt when it passed through Coma. This supports strongly the second-infall scenario where the NGC 4839 passed the Coma center about 1.6 Gyr ago, and began the second infall after reaching the apocenter in the southwest recently.
Reaction between Hydrogen and Ferrous/Ferric Oxides at High Pressures and High Temperatures—Implications for Sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths
Authors: Horn H. W. , Prakapenka V. , Chariton S. , Speziale S. , Shim S.-H.
Published: February 2023

Sub-Neptune exoplanets may have thick hydrogen envelopes and therefore develop a high-pressure interface between hydrogen and the underlying silicates/metals. Some sub-Neptunes may convert to super-Earths via massive gas loss. If hydrogen chemically reacts with oxides and metals at high pressures and temperatures (P−T), it could impact the structure and composition of the cores and atmospheres of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths. While H2 gas is a strong reducing agent at low pressures, the behavior of hydrogen is unknown at the P−T expected for sub-Neptunes’ interiors, where hydrogen is a dense supercritical fluid. Here we report experimental results of reactions between ferrous/ferric oxides and hydrogen at 20–40 GPa and 1000–4000 K utilizing the pulsed laser-heated diamond-anvil cell combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Under these conditions, hydrogen spontaneously strips iron off the oxides, forming Fe-H alloys and releasing oxygen to the hydrogen medium. In a planetary context where this reaction may occur, the Fe-H alloy may sink to the metallic part of the core, while released oxygen may stabilize as water in the silicate layer, providing a mechanism to ingas hydrogen to the deep interiors of sub-Neptunes. Water produced from the redox reaction can also partition to the atmosphere of sub-Neptunes, which has important implications for understanding the composition of their atmospheres. In addition, super-Earths converted from sub-Neptunes may contain a large amount of hydrogen and water in their interiors (at least a few wt% H2O). This is distinct from smaller rocky planets, which were formed relatively dry (likely a few hundredths wt% H2O).
Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tien , Hoang Manh T , Bui Hoai Thi Thu
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 2 (SKP2) is essential in modulating metabolism processes, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis DUE to its capacity to ubiquitinate and degrade various tumor-suppressive substrates. However, the actual biological and mechanism significance of SKP2 in the development of tumors and as a possible therapeutic target remains to be completely understood.
AIM: This study aimed to explore the potential roles of the SKP2 gene in the oncologic pathogenesis of various cancers through an in-depth pan-cancer analysis including gene expression assessment, survival analysis, genetic alteration, and enrichment analysis.
METHODS: Public databases including the Cancer Genome Atlas database, Genotype-Tissue Expression Project database, cBioPortal database, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 database, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource version 2.0 database, and STRING database were used to detect the SKP2 expression, molecular mechanism, and its association with the prognosis across pan-cancer.
RESULTS: SKP2 was significantly highly expressed in most types of cancers and was substantially correlated to the poor survival of patients with specific cancers based on the log-rank test. SKP2 had the highest frequency of alteration in lung cancer and amplification was the most common genetic alteration type. Finally, SKP2-related genes were identified and enrichment analyses were conducted.
CONCLUSION: This study presented the first demonstration of the pan-cancer landscape of abnormal SKP2 expression, it could potentially serve as a predictive indicator and prospective therapeutic target.
X Réseau de santé + Y MAIA = 1 Dispositif d’Appui à la Coordination. Une addition contre-nature ?
Authors: Borel Laëtitia , Cenard Laurent
Published: February 2023

Déployés depuis juillet 2019, les Dispositifs d’Appui à la Coordination (DAC) doivent permettre de fluidifier les parcours de santé complexes et organiser les prises en charge. Issus de dispositifs existants, notamment des Réseaux de santé et MAIA (Méthode d’Action pour l’Intégration des services d’aide et de soins dans le champ de l’Autonomie), les prémices de la constitution de cette nouvelle identité entre les parties prenantes d’un même territoire ne se conduisent pas sans difficultés, questionnant les valeurs des différentes composantes. Cette recherche interroge les processus susceptibles de favoriser le changement visant la mise en place d’une structure de coordination basée sur le regroupement d’acteurs appartenant à deux cultures organisationnelles distinctes. Reposant sur l’association de la Théorie d’action (Argyris et Schön) et la modélisation de la culture organisationnelle (Schein), il ressort de fortes disparités culturelles mettant en lumière des paradigmes antagonistes : tandis que l’un repose sur un enracinement de terrain, très opérationnel ; le second s’inscrit dans une logique verticale descendante, fortement théorisée et standardisée. La création des DAC suppose une transformation profonde nécessitant la remise en cause des cultures d’origine afin de co-construire une nouvelle culture partagée et un sens commun. Malgré une addition « contre-nature », des variables peuvent être activées pour lever les freins à la formation des DAC. C’est ce que nous tenterons d’identifier à travers le recours à une démarche qualitative. Nous nous attacherons plus spécifiquement à l’analyse de la genèse de plusieurs DAC en Île-de-France, prenant appui sur la réalisation d’études de cas et d’entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs de ces dispositifs et de leurs autorités de tutelle. L’objectif sera de mettre au jour les fondements culturels respectifs des MAIA et Réseaux de santé et d’en mesurer les enjeux pour mieux appréhender les leviers susceptibles de faciliter la coopération entre des acteurs, a priori , opposés culturellement.
Faire de la raison d’être un facteur de résilience : le cas GRTgaz
Authors: Lévêque Jérémy , Levillain Kevin , Segrestin Blanche , Delfeld Christophe
Published: February 2023

Les entreprises sont confrontées à des tensions croissantes, entre impératifs économiques et enjeux de transition écologique. Ces crises de soutenabilité sont appelées à se multiplier. Le cas de GRTgaz en fournit une bonne illustration. Paradoxalement, sa mission de service public, qui consiste à assurer un approvisionnement accessible en gaz, va aujourd’hui à l’encontre de l’intérêt commun de la transition énergétique. Dans cet article, nous montrons à partir d’une recherche récente, conduite conjointement avec GRTgaz, comment la réflexion sur la raison d’être de l’entreprise peut être un levier de résilience inédit. Nous montrons que la réflexion sur la raison d’être, plutôt que de raisonner par enjeu, pousse à identifier les interdépendances entre les enjeux et, ainsi, à souligner les efforts de conception sur lesquels l’entreprise devrait s’engager pour renforcer sa résilience face aux crises de soutenabilité.
Trifocal Intraocular Lens Selection: Predicting Visual Function From Optical Quality Measurements
Authors: Yan Weijia , Łabuz Grzegorz , Khoramnia Ramin , Auffarth Gerd U.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

To apply in vitro quality metrics to assess and compare three trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:

The optical performance of the AT LISA tri 839MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG), AcrySof IQ PanOptix (Alcon Laboratories, Inc), and TECNIS Synergy (Johnson & Johnson Vision) was compared. The modulation transfer function (MTF) metrics were obtained using an optical bench set-up. A polychromatic light source and a model cornea inducing chromatic and spherical aberrations were used to mimic in vivo characteristics. The area under the MTF was calculated at each defocus position, which served as a parameter in a nonlinear formula applied to predict postoperative visual acuity (VA).

Results:

All of the studied IOLs had a predicted VA of 0.2 logMAR or better throughout the range of 0.00 to −3.00 diopters (D). Simulated VA differences between the IOLs were negligible (< 0.01 logMAR) at the far point. Although the three models were comparable at −1.00 D, at −2.00 D the AT LISA tri 839MP's VA was 0.06 and 0.08 logMAR worse than with the TECNIS Synergy and AcrySof IQ PanOptix, respectively. At near focus, the AcrySof IQ PanOptix's estimated VA was 0.06 logMAR (40 cm); for the AT LISA tri 839MP and TECNIS Synergy, it was 0.06 and 0.03 logMAR, respectively, at 36 cm.

Conclusions:

Although simulated distance VA was comparable between the studied models, differences can be found in the intermediate focus' position and quality and the expected reading distance. Therefore, simulations of defocus curves from optical quality metrics provide insight into IOL characteristics and highlight differences between the IOLs, which may guide the selection of a trifocal lens based on patients' needs.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(2):111–118.]
A User-Friendly Dashboard for Tracking Global Open Access Performance
Authors: Diprose James P. , Hosking Richard , Rigoni Richard , Roelofs Aniek , Chien Tuan-Yow , Napier Kathryn , Wilson Katie , Huang Chun-Kai (Karl) , Handcock Rebecca N. , Montgomery Lucy , Neylon Cameron
Published: February 2023

We identify two issues that obstruct the clear assessment of open access publishing performance by academics, librarians, and other stakeholders. Firstly, the current open access categories are difficult to understand and reason about. Secondly, there are no easily accessible tools that allow many countries and institutions to view their open access publishing performance. To address the first issue, we have re-designed the open access categories using descriptive category names rather than opaque colour names, re-organised the categories into a hierarchy to facilitate top-down comprehension, and presented publisher and repository-based open access categories without preferencing one category over the other. To address the second issue, we have developed the COKI Open Access Dashboard, an open-source, public dashboard for measuring and visualising the open access performance of 189 countries and over 7000 institutions. We explore the design decisions underlying the redesigned categories and the dashboard.
Assessment of parents’ or guardians’ satisfaction of in-patient health care provided to their children in a single unit at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Nirubaa U.
Published: February 2023

Patient satisfaction surveys help to measure the staff performance, and it guides to improve the patient retention rate by providing high quality services to the patients.  This study was carried out to assess the parents’ or guardians’ satisfaction of in-patient health care provided to their children and to identify the factors associated with satisfaction.
This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Professorial Paediatric Unit, Teaching Hospital Jaffna. A Sample of 165 parents  were interviewed by using a questionnaire. The level of satisfaction was marked by 5-point Likert scale. Data was analysed using SPSSvs 20. Chi square was used to check the association.
Out of the total 165 study participants 93.5% were mothers, 44.8% were in the age group of 31-40 years, and 56.2% studied between grade 6 to grade 11.  The mean age of the children was 4.23 years (±3.75) and mean duration of hospital stay was 3.64 days (±2.4).
The mean global satisfaction score was 4.93(±0.24), The mean score for the communication with nursing officers and medical officers were 4.85 and 4.87 respectively. For satisfaction of the environment the mean score for cleanliness around the bed and cleanliness of the bathroom were 4.72 and 4.47 respectively. The satisfaction negatively correlated with the educational level of the parents X2 (4, N=165) 16.408, p=0.003, and duration of the hospital stay X2 (3, N=165)1=2.237 p=0.007.
Persons with HIV Develop Spike-Specific Lymph Node Germinal Center Responses following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Authors: Quinn Michael , Parra-Rodriguez Luis , Alsoussi Wafaa B , Ayres Chapelle , Klebert Michael K , Liu Chang , Suessen Teresa , Scheaffer Suzanne M , Middleton William D , Teefey Sharlene A , Powderly William G , Diamond Michael S , Presti Rachel M , Ellebedy Ali H , Turner Jackson S , O’Halloran Jane A , Mudd Philip A
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with HIV (PWH) in worldwide locations with limited access to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. PWH exhibit impaired immune responses to some, but not all, vaccines. Lymph node (LN) biopsies from PWH demonstrate abnormal LN structure, including dysregulated germinal center (GC) architecture. It is not clear whether LN dysregulation prevents PWH from mounting Ag-specific GC responses in the draining LN following vaccination. To address this issue, we longitudinally collected blood and draining LN fine needle aspiration samples before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination from a prospective, observational cohort of 11 PWH on antiretroviral therapy: 2 who received a two-dose mRNA vaccine series and 9 who received a single dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. Following vaccination, we observed spike-specific Abs, spike-specific B and T cells in the blood, and spike-specific GC B cell and T follicular helper cell responses in the LN of both mRNA vaccine recipients. We detected spike-specific Abs in the blood of all Ad26.COV2.S recipients, and one of six sampled Ad26.COV2.S recipients developed a detectable spike-specific GC B and T follicular helper cell response in the draining LN. Our data show that PWH can mount Ag-specific GC immune responses in the draining LN following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Due to the small and diverse nature of this cohort and the limited number of available controls, we are unable to elucidate all potential factors contributing to the infrequent vaccine-induced GC response observed in the Ad26.COV2.S recipients. Our preliminary findings suggest this is a necessary area of future research.
Transfemoral amputation and prosthesis provision in Tanzania: Patient and provider perspectives
Authors: Urva Mayur , Donnelley Claire A. , Challa Sravya T. , Haonga Billy T. , Morshed Saam , Shearer David W. , Razani Nooshin
Published: February 2023

Background: The burden of disability because of traumatic limb amputation, particularly transfemoral amputation (TFA) is disproportionately carried by low- and middle-income countries. The need for improved access to prosthesis services in these settings is well-documented, but perspectives on the burden imposed by TFA and the challenges associated with subsequent prosthesis provision vary among patients, caregivers and healthcare providers.Objectives: To examine the burden of TFA and barriers to prosthesis provision as perceived by patient, caregiver and healthcare professional, at a single tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania.Method: Data were collected from five patients with TFA and four caregivers recruited via convenience sampling, in addition to 11 purposively sampled healthcare providers. All participants participated in in-depth interviews regarding their perceptions of amputation, prostheses and underlying barriers to improving care for persons with TFA in Tanzania. A coding schema and thematic framework were established from interviews using inductive thematic analysis.Results: All participants noted financial and psychosocial burdens of amputation, and perceived prostheses as an opportunity for return to normality and independence. Patients worried about prosthesis longevity. Healthcare providers noted significant obstacles to prosthesis provision, including infrastructural and environmental barriers, limited access to prosthetic services, mismatched patient expectations and inadequate coordination of care.Conclusion: This qualitative analysis identifies factors influencing prosthesis-related care for patients with TFA in Tanzania which are lacking in the literature. Persons with TFA and their caregivers experience numerous hardships exacerbated by limited financial, social and institutional support.Contribution: This qualitative analysis informs future directions for research into improving prosthesis-related care for patients with TFA in Tanzania.
How did South Africans with disabilities experience COVID-19? Results of an online survey
Authors: Wickenden Mary , Hart Tim G.B. , Thompson Stephen J. , Davids Yul D. , Ngungu Mercy
Published: February 2023

Background: People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability rights within general anti-discrimination legislation. There are no specific frameworks to monitor justice for people with disabilities. The study aims to inform further development of disability inclusive mechanisms relating to crises including pandemics.Objectives: This study explored the perceptions of South Africans with disabilities, to understand their experiences during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focussing on socioeconomic, well-being and human rights aspects.Method: An online survey tool generated quantitative and qualitative data. Widespread publicity and broad recruitment were achieved through project partners networks. Participants responded via mobile phone and/or online platforms.Results: Nearly 2000 people responded, representing different genders, impairments, races, socio-economic status, education and ages. Findings include: (1) negative economic and emotional impacts, (2) a lack of inclusive and accessible information, (3) reduced access to services, (4) uncertainty about government and non-government agencies’ support and (5)exacerbation of pre-existing disadvantages. These findings echo international predictions of COVID-19 disproportionally impacting people with disabilities.Conclusion: The evidence reveals that people with disabilities in South Africa experienced many negative impacts of the pandemic. Strategies to control the virus largely ignored attending to human rights and socioeconomic well-being of this marginalised group.Contribution: The evidence will inform the development of the national monitoring framework, recognised by the South African Government and emphasised by the United Nations as necessary to ensure the realisation of the rights of people with disabilities during future crises including pandemics.
Reduce the Patient'S Waiting Time and Improve the Patient'S Flow Using Lean Six Sigma in Physiotherapy Department
Authors: Udhayakumar Albert Anand
Published: February 2023

Background:

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is the latest generation of improvement approaches. The amount of waiting time directly impacts in patient experiences in physical therapy outpatient care. Patient waiting time data supports, patients referred to the physical therapy department for an appointment waited a minimum of 3 weeks. The physical therapy staff found this frustrating as patient's conditions often became more chronic during the wait and they often needed to take prolonged periods of sick leave. Physical therapists felt that to provide a better quality service they should reduce the waiting time of the patients.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to reduce the patient waiting time and improve the patient flow with optimized patient experience to using LSS methodology in an Outpatient Physical therapy Department (OPD).

Subjects and Methods:

LSS define–measure–analyze–improve–control methodology was adopted with using different quality tools.

Results:

A number of nonvalue added activities were identified within the process, and actions were initiated to systematically eliminate different forms of waste using the principles of lean thinking. The Non value added activities of Rework, Rejections, delayed approval Process leads to revenue loss were identified and eliminated from the process. Cause-and-effect analysis was carried out to identify the potential causes for unacceptable waiting times, and data were collected to validate these causes by the GEMBA investigation. As a result of this project, the average waiting time was reduced from 13.5 days (2 weeks) to 4 days to execute the first physical therapy session from the insurance approval. The Action plans were implemented on different levels of the process and specifically allocated to team members of Physicians, Physiotherapists, Patient's Administrators & Insurance Coordinator.

Conclusion:

There was a significant reduction in waiting time and improving the patient flow was achieved in the outpatient services of the physical therapy department using the LSS approach.
EGFR-TKI Combined with Pemetrexed versus EGFR-TKI Monotherapy in Advanced EGFR-Mutated NSCLC: A Prospective, Randomized, Exploratory Study
Authors: Gu Weiguang , Zhang Hua , Lu Yiyu , Li Minjing , Yang Shuang , Liang Jianmiao , Ye Zhijian , Li Zhihua , He Minhong , Shi Xiaoliang , Wang Fei , You Dong , Gu Weiquan , Feng Weineng
Published: February 2023

Purpose We aimed to evaluate whether the addition of pemetrexed is effective in improving progression-free survival (PFS) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutated patients with or without concomitant alterations.Materials and Methods This multicenter clinical trial was conducted in China from June 15, 2018, to May 31, 2019. A total of 92 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR-sensitive mutations were included and divided into concomitant and non-concomitant groups. Patients in each group were randomly treated with EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy or EGFR-TKI combined with pemetrexed in a ratio of 1:1. PFS was recorded as the primary endpoint.Results The overall median PFS of this cohort was 10.1 months. There were no significant differences in PFS between patients with and without concomitant and between patients received TKI monotherapy and TKI combined with pemetrexed (p=0.210 and p=0.085, respectively). Stratification analysis indicated that patients received TKI monotherapy had a significantly longer PFS in non-concomitant group than that in concomitant group (p=0.002). In concomitant group, patients received TKI combined with pemetrexed had a significantly longer PFS than patients received TKI monotherapy (p=0.013). Molecular dynamic analysis showed rapidly emerging EGFR T790M in patients received TKI monotherapy. EGFR mutation abundance decreased in patients received TKI combined chemotherapy, which supports better efficacy for a TKI combined chemotherapy as compared to TKI monotherapy. A good correlation between therapeutic efficacy and a change in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) status was found in 66% of patients, supporting the guiding role of ctDNA minimal residual disease (MRD) in NSCLC treatment.Conclusion EGFR-TKI monotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients without concomitant alterations, while a TKI combined chemotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients with concomitant alterations. CtDNA MRD may be a potential biomarker for predicting therapeutic efficacy.
The Association between Anthropometric Failure and Toilet Types: A Cross-Sectional Study from India
Authors: Jain Anoop , O. Pitchik Helen , Harrison Caleb , Kim Rockli , Subramanian S.V.
Published: February 2023

Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 aims to end open defecation by 2030 by ensuring universal access to private household toilets. However, private toilets might not be feasible for poor households. As a result, policy makers and academics have suggested well-managed shared sanitation facilities as an alternative solution. Less is known about the associations between shared sanitation use and health. Using data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey from 2019 to 2021, we estimated the association between usual defecation location and child anthropometry outcomes among children under 2 years in India. The primary exposure was usual defecation location at the household level. We compared both shared improved toilet use and open defecation to private, improved toilet use. We used linear regression to estimate the associations between the exposures and linear outcomes: height-for-age Z-score, weight-for-height Z-score, and weight-for-age Z-score. We used Poisson regression with a log link to estimate the prevalence ratios of stunting, wasting, and underweight. After controlling for environmental, maternal, socioeconomic, and child confounders, we found no differences in six child anthropometry outcomes when comparing shared toilet use or open defecation to private toilet use. This finding was consistent across both urban and rural households. Our findings confirm the null associations between private toilet use and child growth found in previous studies, and that this association does not vary if the toilet is being shared. Future research should examine these differences between private and shared toilets in the context of other health outcomes.
Investigating the Efficacy of Various Handwashing Methods against Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses
Authors: E. Anderson Claire , Tong Jingyan , Zambrana Winnie , B. Boehm Alexandria , K. Wolfe Marlene
Published: February 2023

Respiratory and diarrheal diseases are leading causes of death worldwide. Handwashing may reduce disease; however, recommended methods (soap and water for 20 seconds) are not always possible, particularly in low-resource settings. The aim of this study is to evaluate handwashing when recommended methods are not feasible, including washing with water only, washing with soapy water, washing for a short duration, using alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS), and cleaning hands with towels. To evaluate laboratory efficacy, we seeded MS2 (a non-enveloped virus) and Phi6 (an enveloped virus) onto the hands of volunteers who then washed their hands. Viruses remaining were recovered and quantified using culture-based and molecular methods to determine the log reduction value (LRV) after washing. Results indicated that washing with water only and with soapy water were similar to washing with soap and water for 20 seconds for both viruses (median LRV for MS2 = 2.8; Phi6 = 3.2). Most towel alternative conditions had LRVs significantly smaller than LRVs from washing with soap and water for either virus. LRVs of ABHS and soap and water for 5 seconds were similar to soap and water for 20 seconds for Phi6 but less for MS2 (median MS2 LRV differences = 2.5 and 0.51 for ABHS and soap and water for 5 seconds, respectively). Additionally, LRVs determined using molecular methods were in agreement with those obtained using culture-based methods. These results suggest some handwashing alternatives were as effective as recommended methods whereas others were not, and inform recommendations and future research on handwashing alternatives in low-resource settings.
The Role of Orchestration in Shaping Musical Form
Authors: Paiva Santana Charles de , Guigue Didier
Published: February 2023

We introduce a method for computer-assisted analysis of orchestration. We also look into the role that texture and orchestration have in structuring musical form. The method comprises a numerical representation, a hierarchy of ‘textural situations’ and measures for heterogeneity, diversity and complexity of orchestral-textural configurations.
»Svet čudovite lahkosti zvenenja sodobne glasbe«
Authors: Barbo Matjaž
Published: February 2023

Članek se posveča pregledu delovanja slovenskega društva za novo glasbo Muzina in ob tem obravnava pomen, ki ga je društvo imelo na oblikovanje zavesti o sodobni glasbi. Pri tem estetske koordinate društva povezuje s sočasnimi mednarodnimi trendi in hkrati vpenja delovanje društva v kontekst razvoja glasbe v tem obdobju na Slovenskem.
Predgovor
Authors: Borsan Vanessa Nina , Stefanija Leon
Published: February 2023

V vročičnem vzponu interdisciplinarnih prizadevanj se znanstveni zborniki, revije in konference, pa tudi projektne in ostale institucionalne tvorbe čedalje pogosteje odmikajo od izrecne disciplinarne zamejitve. Svoj prostor čedalje pogosteje odpirajo projektom večdisciplinarnih raziskovalnih skupin, a kljub temu »tisti, ki delujejo v eni disciplini, ne vedo vselej, kaj se dogaja v nekaterih drugih.« Tokratna številka Muzikološkega zbornika je namenjena osvetlitvi povezovalnih aspiracij sodobnega muzikološkega raziskovanja, zlasti dejavnosti na področju računalniško podprtega raziskovanja glasbe.
Razvoj platforme Trubadur in novi izzivi v prihajajočih letih
Authors: Pesek Matevž , Šavli Peter , Marolt Matija
Published: February 2023

Trubadur je odprtokodna platforma za urjenje glasbenega posluha z avtomatiziranimi vajami ritmičnega in intervalnega nareka. Platformo smo ovrednotili z dijaki Konservatorija za glasbo in balet Ljubljana v šolskih letih 2018/19–2020/21. Rezultati evalvacije so pokazali, da lahko uporaba platforme poveča uspešnost pri testih in predstavlja dopolnitev učenja na daljavo.
Behavioural Interventions in Tax and Fee Collection – Not Always a Success
Authors: Murray Svidroňová Mária , Vitálišová Katarína , Jakuš Muthová Nikoleta , Nemec Juraj
Published: February 2023

Intergovernmental relations in terms of fiscal arrangements between the national and sub-national levels of government determine the way in which taxes are allocated and shared between the various levels of government. For local governments, local taxes and fees are the main source of revenue through which many public services are provided. Many local governments therefore seek to use various tools to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of tax and fee collection. Such tools include behavioural interventions to reduce the proportion of non-payers, i.e. taxpayers can be ‘nudged’ to pay their taxes on time and correctly. Many studies worldwide point to the successful use of nudges, but behavioural interventions can sometimes fail. Using the example of the Slovak city of Banská Bystrica, we show that the intervention did not produce the expected results and identify possible factors.
Impact of Behaviour Nudges on Tax Compliance: Age as a Factor in Municipalities in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Garvanlieva Andonova Vesna , Nikolov Marjan
Published: February 2023

We examine the effects of a tax behaviour nudging experiment on non-compliant property taxpayers in three Macedonian municipalities. The results indicate that on average the deterrence message was almost 6 percentage points more effective for non-compliant taxpayers when compared to the control group, while the social norm message and public good message were on average 4.4 and 3.2 percentage points more effective when compared with the control group, respectively. Furthermore, age as a variable is significant and negatively associated with tax compliance behaviour in one of the three municipalities. Finally, we recommend the experiment’s approach to policymakers as effective, while being inexpensive and not requiring legislative changes.
Financing Policies of Innovative Italian SMEs: Who Finances Business Innovation?
Authors: Gennaro Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Financial constraints are among the causes of the innovative gap that characterized Italian SMEs in the last decades, and that contributed to stagnant productivity and a low growth rate. Despite the relevance of the problem, relatively few studies have indagated the innovative gap of firms in Italy just focusing on their financing issues. Therefore, the paper analyses the financing policies of Italian innovative young firms. The aim is twofold: to observe the main sources of capital and verify whether the capital structure of innovative firms is conditioned by their life cycle and innovativeness; to identify the firm-specific factors influencing the choices of financing sources. A sample of 1289 Italian startups and SMEs, identified among those registered in the appropriate section of the Italian "business register", has been analyzed. A two-step regression analysis has been performed to assess the influence of several firm-specific factors on corporate financing policies. The evidence indicates that the level and composition of debt vary with the innovation degree of the firms considered. The high variability of the financial structure ratios does not allow a univocal interpretation of the influence of the business life cycle; this is also due to the impact of other firm-specific factors on corporate funding policies. The results of the research allow some early insights into the ability of Italian young innovative companies to adapt their capital structure to the evolving conditions of the business.
normes régissant le transfert et l'exercice du pouvoir régional au Maroc
Authors: Mezgheri Mohamed
Published: February 2023

La clarification des compétences régionales est une opération juridique qui ne peut, évidemment, se limiter dans l’énumération d’un ensemble de matières ou de principes qui dirigent leur répartition. Il est fondamental d’optimiser les conditions de leur exercice, car une gestion décentralisée est toujours tributaire d’un arsenal juridique qui favorise l’émergence de la décision locale. Les modalités et les moyens employés dans la prise de cette décision en disent beaucoup sur l’étendue de la libre administration du pouvoir régional.

Si on considère que la règle de prééminence établie par la Constitution marocaine est une sorte de clarification de l’échelle des compétences accordée à la région, le cadre normatif qui explique les dispositions constitutionnelles devrait offrir à cette collectivité une mainmise sur l’ensemble de ses affaires. Cette priorité n’a, justement, de valeur que si la théorie régissant l’exercice des compétences du pouvoir régional soit en adéquation avec la notion de prééminence.
voto radical entre los jóvenes españoles
Authors: Barragán Manjón Mélany , Rivas Otero José Manuel
Published: February 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo comprobar qué variables explican el voto de los jóvenes a partidos radicales en España y cómo estas se comportan en los distintos extremos ideológicos. Esto es, ¿qué diferencia el voto a Vox y a Unidas Podemos? En concreto, se analiza el caso del voto a Unidas Podemos y Vox desde 2019, año en el que este último partido entró en el Congreso.  Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, el análisis identificará las razones que llevan a votar a los jóvenes a las diferentes opciones radicales, así como las diferencias entre estos y los adultos que también votan a estos partidos. Este trabajo se enmarca en la literatura de comportamiento electoral y basa sus aportaciones empíricas en los datos de la Encuesta Social Europea.
Diferencias de género en participación política de la juventud de la Unión Europea
Authors: García-Santamaría Sandra , Pérez Castaños Sergio
Published: February 2023

El año 2022 ha sido declarado por el Consejo de Europa como “Año Europeo de la Juventud”. A tal efecto, este artículo busca conocer cuál es el papel que puede jugar la Unión Europea en el futuro de la juventud del continente y también si existen diferencias de género al respecto. Igualmente, se analizan estas diferencias en base a la participación en diferentes actividades de índole social y política tanto en el conjunto de países de la unión, como por zonas geográficas. El artículo descubre cómo los hombres tienden a participar más en actividades convencionales, mientras que las mujeres ven la política como algo más distante. De la misma manera, se muestra cómo existen trabas diferentes en la participación de actividades en base al género.
concepto de Estado de derecho en la filosofía jurídica contemporánea
Authors: López Hernández José
Published: February 2023

En este artículo pretendo desarrollar dos ideas: 1) que el concepto de Estado de derecho no es más que el producto central de una determinada concepción del Estado, la teoría jurídica del Estado, y 2) que dicha teoría constituye el punto de vista general desde el cual se construye la filosofía del derecho a partir del siglo XX, desde una visión positivista y estatista, frente a la anterior visión decimonónica basada en el derecho privado. Para ello seguiremos brevemente la línea de formación del concepto de Estado de derecho y su correspondencia con la teoría del Estado hasta Kelsen, describiendo los rasgos principales del mismo y destacando su carácter formal, frente a la visión material y política, no jurídica, del mismo.
Changing the Demand Preference for Electric Vehicles in Ho Chi Minh City: Costs and Benefits From Incentives in the Early Stages of Adoption
Authors: Tesoriere Giuseppe , Shrestha Rajat , Kothari Vishant , Steimer Hamilton , Thuji Yangden Mende , Hernández Duarte Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

This paper evaluates potential costs of implementing financial incentives for electric vehicles (EVs); specifically purchase subsidies and registration rebates offered in HCMC and the benefits related to individual savings and GHG emissions reductions. The analysis indicates that implementation could deliver net-positive benefits during the early stages of EV adoption in HCMC. Overall, the analysis shows that incentives to make EVs more cost-competitive, along with support for the deployment of charging stations, will be crucial for increasing EV adoption in HCMC.
Financial Performance Analysis and Valuation Assessment of Pt Bumi Resources in Comparison with Pt. Adaro Energy Tbk. and Pt. Bukit Asam Tbk. For Period of 2017-3rd Quarter of 2022
Authors:   Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia, Faishal Rizal , Sumirat Erman A. ,   Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia, Sukarno Subiakto ,   Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Indonesia is the third largest country in the world producing coal products. PT. Bumi Resource Tbk. (BUMI) is a coal industry company with the highest market capital, but its financial performance is not good when viewed from its net income in the 2017-3rd quarter of 2022. Financial ratio analysis is used to evaluate the company’s financial performance. This analysis uses the provisions of the ministry No.KEP-100/MBU/2002 which is divided into 4 factors, namely profitability, liquidity, activity and solvency ratio. Economic Value Added (EVA) and FCFF valuation are the methods used in this research. For external analysis, researchers use PEST analysis. The researcher found that BUMI’s financial performance was categorized as an unhealthy company based on its financial ratio analysis with an average rating of B. Based on the EVA method, BUMI’s financial performance was considered not good considering that its value was always negative. From the FCFF valuation, the Intrinsic Value of BUMI is IDR 250.29 when the current price is IDR 147. So, the BUMI company is concluded to be undervalued.
Proposed Communitized Digital Marketing Strategies to Enhance Brand Awareness for Cafe in Tangerang (Study Case: El Primero Cafe & Meet)
Authors:   School of Business Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Prakasa Andhika Rama
Published: February 2023

The background of this research is the anxiety of one of the Cafe owners in Tangerang, El Primero Cafe & Meet, who has experienced an inconsistency in the number of visitors. This problem shows that the existence of El Primero Cafe & Meet has not been very visible to the market, one of which is its digital presence which greatly provides opportunities for businesses to be seen by the market on a global scale. With a minimal digital presence, El Primero Cafe & Meet is difficult to achieve high brand awareness. One solution that can be done is to focus on planning a digital marketing strategy so that digital activities are consistent, have targets, and can be used as a source of market research data for business development. In addition, in the collaborative and digital era, of course, involving the community directly with brands can be an interesting strategy to adopt. By combining the digital world and the concept of communitization, El Primero can form a close relationship with the online market and community and introduce their place as “Home” for collaborating communities. The purpose of this research is to develop a community-based digital marketing strategy to increase brand awareness of El Primero Cafe & Meet. This study used a qualitative method by conducting interviews with 3 categories of informants; management, community, and general consumers with a total of 8 interviewees. The core idea of each interview is to explore the behavior of the market towards the digital world, what digital marketing concepts are needed by the market, to management’s expectations regarding the strategy to be designed. From the research results, data was obtained in the form of consumer behavior in accessing digital platforms on a daily basis on the digital platform channels. These data are then processed into thought concepts in the preparation of a digital marketing strategy with SOSTAC Framewrok and this strategy will be used to increase brand awareness of El Primero Cafe & Meet in the next 6 months as a pilot stage.
Self-Care Behavior of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Doctoral student of Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Indonesia, Saltar Laode , Sahar Junaiti ,   Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Indonesia, Rekawati Etty ,   Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study aims to explore the experiences and perceptions of type 2 diabetes patients with symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) in managing their self-care behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological approach reveals diabetes self-care behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual interviews were conducted at the participants’ homes with a semi-structured interview guide on twelve type 2 diabetes patients. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: A total of five themes were identified from the interview analysis, namely: 1) Perception of diabetes self-management; 2) Efforts to control blood sugar; 3) Barriers to blood sugar control; 4) Perceived disturbance; 5) Social support. Since its emergence, the Covid-19 pandemic has become a new obstacle in controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients. In addition to the covid-19 pandemic, negative spiritual coping, low self-motivation, and perceived physical effects are inhibiting factors for blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients with symptoms of DPN. Conclusions: Obstacles in efforts to control blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients with symptoms of DPN include physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. The suggestion in this study is that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to adjust and modify diabetes self-management for patients with DPN symptoms. The interventions provided should not only focus on the physical aspect but also need holistic attention to the psychosocial and spiritual aspects simultaneously by involving family participation in the management of the patient’s diabetes.
Proposed Solutions Regarding Work Overload for the Marketing Division of PT. Persib Bandung Bermartabat
Authors:   Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia, Luthfi Fauzi Muhammad , Pratama Andika Putra ,   Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Football is a sport that is very popular in every level of Indonesian society. Indonesia is known as a country with a very large number of soccer fans. Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world with 265 million people, and according to Nielsen Sport, 77% of Indonesia’s population has an interest in football. This fact makes Indonesia the country with the third largest number of football fans. The Indonesian soccer market is huge, and soccer is a big business opportunity in Indonesia. PT Persib Bandung Bermatabat oversees the Persib Bandung football club which is one of the Indonesian teams. PT. Persib Bandung Bermartabat located at Graha Persib Floor 3 Jalan Sulanjana No 17 Bandung. In managing a company, of course, requires human resources who have high ability to help achieve company goals. In addition, to be able to form a good performing club, of course, you must have a healthy management ecosystem as well. This study uses a mixed method qualitative and quantitative research model. In quantitative research, the authors distribute questionnaires in the form of g-forms to marketing department employees using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA – TLX) method to measure the workload experienced by employees. In the qualitative method the author conducted interviews with observations of the organizational structure and job descriptions of employees in the marketing department of PT. Persib Bandung Bermartabat using Semi- Structural Interviews. In finding the root of the problem the author uses CRT (Current Reality Tree). The results of this study are the organizational structure and job descriptions that are made based on benchmark results with 3 football club management. The author proposes a new organizational structure and job descriptions which in the end can be adapted to the needs of the marketing division of PT. Persib Bandung Bermartabat to be able to help realize strategic initiatives and solve problems experienced.