bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontane aktiviteter – fra policybegreb til pædagogisk faglighed
Authors: Schmidt Christina Haandbæk , Rossen Rikke Toftgaard
Published: February 2024

Med den reviderede dagtilbudslov og »bekendtgørelse om pædagogiske mål og indhold i seks læreplanstemaer« står de danske daginstitutionspædagoger midt i en forandringsproces, hvor gamle læreplanspraksisser må vige for nye. Til at understøtte forandringen har Børne-og Socialministeriet (nu Børne- og Undervisningsministeriet) i samarbejde med Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut udgivet en række vejledningsmaterialer, som skal støtte pædagogers oversættelse af lovens intentioner og centrale begreber. I denne artikel vil vi undersøge, hvordan et policy-begreb som ’spontane aktiviteter’ skal understøtte forandringsprocessen, og hvordan begrebet kan styre pædagogers blikke for og arbejde med børns legekultur og udtryksformer. Formålet er gennem policy-analyse, litteratur-review og video observationer fra tre daginstitutioner at beskrive og forstå, hvad spontane aktiviteter dækker over både som politisk og som pædagogisk fænomen. Spon tane aktiviteter i policy-dokumenterne optræder som modvægt til de voksenstyrede lærings aktiviteter, der har domineret hverdagsstrukturen i daginstitutionerne i Danmark med stigende intensitet siden indførelsen af de første læreplaner i 2004. På baggrund af litteratur-review og empiriske analyser identificeres 5 indholdselementer i spontane aktiviteter. Disse perspektiverer vi til improvisationsteorien med henblik på at kunne diskutere, hvordan spontane aktiviteter kan producere (nye) fagligheder for pædagogerne.
Limtråd og løvediadem: Om udvekslinger af handlekraft mellem børn, ting og rammesætninger i kultur med børn
Authors: Odgaard Ane Bjerre
Published: February 2024

Denne artikel undersøger en gruppe børnehavebørns skabende aktiviteter med genbrugsmaterialer. Aktiviteterne fandt sted i regi af det kulturministerielle initiativ Tidlig Kulturstart, og udover de deltagende børn var børnenes pædagoger og en kunstner deltagere i processen. På baggrund af videoobservation, og gennem en case-baseret interaktionsanalyse, peger artiklen på, hvordan børn og ting i aktiviteterne udveksler handlekraft med hinanden, og hvordan denne udveksling af handlekraft sammenfiltres med kunstneriske, pædagogiske og institutionelle rammesætninger. Med afsæt i en kombination af sociokulturelle og nymaterialistiske teoriperspektiver udvikler artiklen begreberne materialeopslugthed og realiseringsopslugthed for at belyse de udvekslingsformer, som er til stede i det empiriske materiale. På denne baggrund peges der på en let forskydning af en grundlæggende skelnen mellem proces og produkt i børns skabende processer, hvilket muliggør en udpegning af udviklingsmuligheder for kvalificeringen af børns møder med kunst og kultur i dagtilbud.
Baby Art – malerkunst i vuggestuen
Authors: Gellert Maria Astrup , Sørensen Tina
Published: February 2024

I denne kommenterede billedserie tager forfatterne os med til en vuggestue i Haderslev. Under det regionale delprojekt af Tidlig Kulturstart havde pædagogerne gennemført deres første prøvehandling, da de indgik samarbejde med billedkunstneren Rasmus Bjørn. Billederne viser, hvordan børnene følger med i og inspireres af hans arbejde med et maleri i vuggestuens fællesrum. Og de viser, hvordan børnene selv eksperimenterer med materialer og udtryk.
Pædagogers og kunstnere i skabende fællesskaber
Authors: Lillelund Felicia Bech , Elbæk Sandy
Published: February 2024

Denne formidlingsartikel baserer sig ikke på Tidlig Kulturstart, men på det nationale projekt LegeKunst. Artiklen belyser nogle af de potentialer og udfordringer, som kan være forbundet med pædagogers og kunstneres etablering af skabende fællesskaber i vuggestuer og børnehaver. Gennem konkrete nedslag peger artiklen på, hvordan pædagoger og kunstnere bringer forskelligartede perspektiver i spil, men også hvordan begge faggrupper gensidigt bøjer sig imod hinanden og lader sig påvirke af hinandens tilgange. Artiklen peger på dette som en styrke og som en forudsætning for at kunstnere og pædagoger sammen kan betræde ukendte stier og dermed styrke børns møde med kunst og kultur i dagtilbud.
Musikalske impulser til æstetisk fordybelse
Authors: Langseth Lotte Gilbert
Published: February 2024

Denne formidlingsartikel består af små, billedskabende nedslag i en musikpædagogisk proces med 3-4-årige børn i et dagtilbud, hvor instrumenter, chiffontørklæder og små fingersommerfugle indgår. Nedslagene viser nogle glimt af, hvordan små børns møder med kunst og kultur kan udfolde sig mellem kunstform og hverdagsæstetik, mellem kunstnere og pædagoger, mellem børne-liv og ledelsesperspektiv.

I forbindelse med Kulturministeriets initiativ Tidlig Kulturstart og det regionale projekt Impuls og fordybelse – børns kulturelle indtryk og udtryk i dagtilbud i Sønderjylland besøgte forfatterne som observatør en børnehave som har arbejdet sammen med en musikpædagog fra den lokale kulturskole. Under besøget søgte forfatteren fokus på det pædagogiske personales rolle og undersøgte samtidigt, hvordan musikalske impulser kan give anledning til æstetisk fordybelse for børnene.
A Platform for Playing – Experimenting communities and open laboratories in a global perspective
Authors: Thestrup Klaus
Published: February 2024

This text is sketching out a pedagogical framework for how children, pre-school teachers and teachers could start communicating, playing and experimenting with others across time and space, both locally, regionally and indeed even globally using digital media. The framework takes the form of a number of figures developed during different research projects where children in kindergarten, kindergarten class and primary school were involved. It is not an exact step-by-step manual but the text represents a way for pedagogical institutions to understand and design a use of digital media and digital technologies when connecting to the world around them together with children. The examples below have their starting points from kindergartens, nursery pre-school and even primary school.
Interagerende mesterskaber
Authors: Sørensen Merete Cornét
Published: February 2024

Artiklen undersøger gennem tematisk analyse af empiriske eksempler den kunstnerledede del af et legekunstforløb og de indbyggede udvekslingsprocesesser mellem kunstner, pædagoger og børn. Analysens resultater peger på, at der sker en løbende og dialektisk udvikling mellem kunstnerens impulser og børnenes egne udtryk, hvor kunstneren tilbyder indhold og form, mens børnene udvider arbejdet med formen til også at rumme leg. For pædagogernes vedkommende fremgår det, at de bidrager med deres relationsmæssige kompetence og tilføjer pædagogisk kvalitet. Hermed fremgår det, at de kunstnerledede praksisser skaber rammer for udvikling af et delt mesterskab kunstner, pædagoger og børn imellem.
Fortællinger i bevægelse
Authors: Thorsen Thomas
Published: February 2024

Artiklen undersøger LegeKunst-forløbet Fortællinger i bevægelse fra Næstved Kommune, hvor de ca. 900 børnehavebørn, der efter sommerferien 2022 skulle starte i 0. klasse, deltog i et brobygningsforløb. Med inddragelse af fortælling, æstetiske aktiviteter og kunstmøder arbejdede projektet med at bygge bro og skabe genkendelighed for børnene i deres overgang fra børnehave til SFO (førskole).

Projektet lykkedes med at give børnene fælles oplevelser og en referenceramme, der på tværs af tidligere børnehavefællesskaber gav de ny SFO-børnefællesskaber en fælles historie og et fælles tredje. I brobygningsforløbets æstetiske aktiviteter blev der desuden åbnet op for ligeværdige møder mellem børn, pædagoger og lokale kunstnere, der sammen gik på opdagelse i legende og skabende processer.
Israel in the Iron-Smelting Furnace? Towards a New Understanding of the כּוּר הַבַּרְזֶל in Deut 4:20
Authors: Vang Carsten
Published: February 2024

Most scholars interpret the metallurgical imagery of כּוּר הַבַּרְזֶל in Deut 4:20 and parallels as a reference to an iron-smelting furnace describing the harsh realities of Israel's slavery in Egypt. A consideration of the Hebrew mode of expression however leads to the conclusion that the metaphor refers to a crucible made of the hardest metal generally known in antiquity, which is iron. The metaphor therefore conveys the impression that the Israelite existence in Egypt is described like being trapped in a crucible made of a hard and impenetrable material that cannot be broken. This article also argues that Deut 4:20 appears to be the provenance of the parallel phraseology of 1 Kong 8:51 and Jer 11:4.
Mastery Learning - A Pedagogy for Leveraging Technology in Teaching NT Greek Grammar
Authors: Kime Harold
Published: February 2024

This paper describes an implementation of the mastery learning approach in teaching Greek grammar. Tools and techniques designed specifically for mastery learning are described along with methods for formative assessment. The role of the teacher as coach and motivator is clarified as well as methods used to provide corrective feedback. Finally, this paper provides statistical results from a pilot program that demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach .
Currents in the Historical Linguistics and Linguistic Dating of the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Rezetko Robert , Young Ian
Published: February 2024

In this essay we summarize the status quaestionis of diachronic linguistic study of Biblical Hebrew as reflected principally in some major publications of the recent several years. We reflect critically on research objectives, perspectives on sources, documentation of variation and change, and periodization issues. We also include a detailed bibliography of relevant works published since our Historical Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew (November 2014).
Text-fabric: handling Biblical data with IKEA logistics
Authors: Roorda Dirk
Published: February 2024

The BHSA (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Amstelodamensis) is the BHS text plus the linguistic annotations of the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer.

The BHSA is available as a data set in Text-Fabric format. Text-Fabric is a minimalistic model to represent text: it provides addresses for all textual objects, so that it is easy to add arbitrary information at all textual levels, precisely and firmly anchored. A Text-Fabric resource resembles an IKEA ware house. The parts are nicely separated and stacked, so that they can be retrieved easily, to be combined into meaningful output later on. A consequence is that different teams with divergent purposes still can add to the same body of work, with a minimum of interference or duplication of work. Text-Fabric has helped with various types of data construction work, of which the most visible is the website SHEBANQ. We focus on two recent data combination jobs, (A) treebanks from the BHSA data and (B) a detailed comparison of the morphology in the BHSA and in the Open Scriptures effort. As the OSM is not yet finished, the comparison is repeatable.
Repetition Indicating Form and Function
Authors: Hocking Paul
Published: February 2024

It has long been observed that the repetition of literary devices has been used in the Bible and other ancient Near Eastern literature for the purpose of structuring the text and connecting related pericopes. The work done more recently under the TAPJLA project, labels the structuring aspect of repetition: “Repetitions as markers of architecture.” Also, the innovative work of Moshe Kline suggests that literary repetition has been used systematically in two-dimensional structuring of the Torah. This paper builds on these insights, together with elements of my own thesis on the rhetoric of Leviticus. It models an inductive, synchronic case study of a literary unit (Leviticus 23), to show how repetitions have been used both in the form and in the function of the unit, for composition and for suasion.
In-House Outsourcing strategy in business
Authors: Garzón Fernández Jose Angel , Jiménez Partearroyo Montserrat , Benito Osorio Diana
Published: February 2024

Objetive: This article carries out a bibliometric analysis and a literature review on Outsourcing/In-House which includes co-word analysis of the publications available in the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS databases and its impact on other associated fields of knowledge since 1990. The key themes conceptualising it, emerging trends, and the future direction that Outsourcing/In-House will take are discussed. Methodology: The SciMAT software tool has been used which allows for the compiling of a science map in conjunction with performance analysis to identify concept subdomains in the field of research and the thematic evolution of Outsourcing/In-House. Results: Structural analysis of the scientific production under study demonstrated strong thematic cohesion concentrated in 18 specific themes. It also identified that the greatest scientific interest in and research on Outsourcing/In-House occurred between 2007 and 2015. Furthermore, it revealed evolution in the goals of this strategy, ranging from merely operational engagement to strategic realms, which has reached a striking level of maturity that persists to the present day.Limitations: The bibliographic search is limited to the two most important databases of publications which are WOS and SCOPUS. Practical implications: Highlighting the importance of this model in solving many current problems linked to efficiency and rising costs. This model underlines the evolution of the relationship framework between clients and subcontracting business.
De extraterrestres, vírgenes y dictadura. "Del cosmos las quieren vírgenes" y la dimensión cultural de las palabras
Authors: Arcaya Pizarro Marco
Published: February 2024

Con apoyo en prácticas sociocríticas, este artículo tiene por finalidad poner de relieve dominantes ideológicas que se articulan en "Del cosmos las quieren vírgenes" (1977) de E. Aldunate (1925-2005). Para ello, en un movimiento que va del texto a la socialidad, se interroga la socialidad transcodificada en la textualización, particularmente en su íncipit. En nuestra propuesta juega un papel primordial la pregunta (con acento inédito) por el contexto sociohistórico dictatorial (1973-1990) en las dinámicas que el texto articula, incluyendo al sujeto colectivo que conforma. Sin pretender cerrar el texto y sin desconocer la existencia de matices ni negar contradicciones productivas, se concluye que en sus dominantes ideológicas prima un posicionamiento que forma parte de dispositivos afines a la dictadura cívico-militar.
Acute ampakines increase voiding function and coordination in a rat model of SCI
Authors: Rana Sabhya , Alom Firoj , Martinez Robert C , Fuller David D , Mickle Aaron D
Published: February 2024

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction causes urological complications and reduces the quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Glutamatergic signaling via AMPA receptors is fundamentally important to the neural circuits controlling bladder voiding. Ampakines are positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors that can enhance the function of glutamatergic neural circuits after SCI. We hypothesized that ampakines can acutely stimulate bladder voiding that has been impaired due to thoracic contusion SCI. Adult female Sprague Dawley rats received a unilateral contusion of the T9 spinal cord (n=10). Bladder function (cystometry) and coordination with the external urethral sphincter (EUS) were assessed five days post-SCI under urethane anesthesia. Data were compared to responses in spinal intact rats (n=8). The “low impact” ampakine CX1739 (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg) or vehicle (HPCD) was administered intravenously. The HPCD vehicle had no discernable impact on voiding. In contrast, following CX1739, the pressure threshold for inducing bladder contraction, voided volume, and the interval between bladder contractions were significantly reduced. These responses occurred in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that modulating AMPA receptor function using ampakines can rapidly improve bladder voiding capability at sub-acute time points following contusion SCI. These results may provide a new and translatable method for therapeutic targeting of bladder dysfunction acutely after SCI.
Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals
Authors: Billman Zachary P. , Kovacs Stephen B. , Wei Bo , Kang Kidong , Cissé Ousmane H. , Miao Edward A.
Published: February 2024

Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA. Here, we perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the gasdermin family. A gene duplication of GSDMA in the common ancestor of caecilian amphibians, reptiles and birds gave rise to GSDMA-D in mammals. Uniquely in our tree, amphibian, reptile and bird GSDMA group in a separate clade than mammal GSDMA. Remarkably, GSDMA in numerous bird species contain caspase-1 cleavage sites like YVAD or FASD in the linker. We show that GSDMA from birds, amphibians, and reptiles are all cleaved by caspase-1. Thus, GSDMA was originally cleaved by the host-encoded protease caspase-1. In mammals the caspase-1 cleavage site in GSDMA is disrupted; instead, a new protein, GSDMD, is the target of caspase-1. Mammal caspase-1 uses exosite interactions with the GSDMD C-terminal domain to confer the specificity of this interaction, whereas we show that bird caspase-1 uses a stereotypical tetrapeptide sequence to confer specificity for bird GSDMA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily stable association between caspase-1 and the gasdermin family, albeit a shifting one. Caspase-1 repeatedly changes its target gasdermin over evolutionary time at speciation junctures, initially cleaving GSDME in fish, then GSDMA in amphibians/reptiles/birds, and finally GSDMD in mammals.We demonstrate that amphibians, reptiles and birds engage pyroptosis using caspase-1 and GS-DMA, filling an evolutionary gap in which caspase-1 cleaves GSDME in fish and GSDMD in mammals.
A translation proofreader of archaeal origin imparts multi-aldehyde stress tolerance to land plants
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Roy Ankit , Mukul Shivapura Jagadeesha , Singh Avinash Kumar , Singh Dipesh Kumar , Nalli Aswan , Banerjee Pujaita , Babu Kandhalu Sagadevan Dinesh , Raman Bakthisaran , Kruparani Shobha P , Siddiqi Imran , Sankaranarayanan Rajan
Published: February 2024

Aldehydes, being an integral part of carbon metabolism, energy generation, and signalling pathways, are ingrained in plant physiology. Land plants have developed intricate metabolic pathways which involve production of reactive aldehydes and its detoxification to survive harsh terrestrial environments. Here, we show that physiologically produced aldehydes, i.e., formaldehyde and methylglyoxal in addition to acetaldehyde, generate adducts with aminoacyl-tRNAs, a substrate for protein synthesis. Plants are unique in possessing two distinct chiral proofreading systems, D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase1 (DTD1) and DTD2, of bacterial and archaeal origins, respectively. Extensive biochemical analysis revealed that only archaeal DTD2 can remove the stable D-aminoacyl adducts on tRNA thereby shielding archaea and plants from these system-generated aldehydes. Using Arabidopsis as a model system, we have shown that the loss of DTD2 gene renders plants susceptible to these toxic aldehydes as they generate stable alkyl modification on D-aminoacyl-tRNAs, which are recycled only by DTD2. Bioinformatic analysis identifies the expansion of aldehyde metabolising repertoire in land plant ancestors which strongly correlates with the recruitment of archaeal DTD2. Finally, we demonstrate that the overexpression of DTD2 offers better protection against aldehydes than in wild type Arabidopsis highlighting its role as a multi-aldehyde detoxifier that can be explored as a transgenic crop development strategy.
How did UGA codon translation as tryptophan evolve in certain ciliates? A critique of Kachale et al. 2023 Nature
Authors: Swart Estienne Carl , Emmerich Christiane , Seah Kwee Boon Brandon , Singh Minakshi , Shulgina Yekaterina , Singh Aditi
Published: February 2024

Ciliates are a widespread clade of microbial eukaryotes with the greatest diversity of nuclear genetic codes (at least eight) following a recent addition
1
. All non-standard ciliate genetic codes involve stop codon reassignments
1,2,3
. Two of these codes are ambiguous
1–3
, with “stop” codons either translated or terminating translation depending on their context
2,3
. Ambiguous genetic codes have arisen not only in ciliates, but also independently in trypanosomatids from the genus
Blastocrithidia
4
and an alveolate species from the genus
Amoebophrya
5
. Two ambiguous genetic codes in ciliates share translation of UGA “stop” codons as tryptophan with
Blastocrithidia
and the
Amoebophrya
species. tRNA genes with complementary anticodons to reassigned UAA and UAG stop codons have invariably been found in ciliate species that translate these codons
1,2
. Furthermore, though a UGA-cognate tRNA
Cys
UCA
was reported in
Euplotes
6
, a ciliate genus that translates UGA as cysteine, vexingly, no nuclear genome-encoded tRNA
Trp
UCA
has been found in ciliate species with UGA tryptophan codons. Recently, Kachale et al. provided evidence for UGA translation as tryptophan in
Blastocrithidia nonstop
and the ciliate
Condylostoma magnum
using 4 base pair anticodon stem (AS) near-cognate tryptophan tRNA
Trp
CCA
’s, rather than the typical 5 base pair stem tRNAs
7
. New tRNA data we report from additional ciliates bolsters this hypothesis. Kachale et al. also hypothesised that a particular amino acid substitution in the key stop codon recognition protein, eRF1 (eukaryotic Release Factor 1), favours translation of UGA as tryptophan instead of termination
7
. Contrary to Kachale et al, we propose such substitutions favouring reduced eRF1 competition enhancing “stop” codon translation do not need to occur concomitantly with tRNA alterations or acquisitions to evolve new genetic codes via stop codon reassignment. We report multiple instances of the substitution investigated in Kachale et al. 2023 that have not led to UGA translation, and multiple ciliate species with UGA tryptophan translation but without the substitution, indicating it is not necessary. Consistent with the ambiguous intermediate hypothesis for genetic code evolution, experimental evidence and our observations suggest continued potential ciliate eRF1-tRNA competition.
Zika virus remodels and hijacks IGF2BP2 ribonucleoprotein complex to promote viral replication organelle biogenesis
Authors: Mazeaud Clément , Pfister Stefan , Owen Jonathan E. , Pereira Higor Sette , Robinson Zachary E. , Anton Anaïs , Bemis Cheyanne L. , Sow Aïssatou Aïcha , Patel Trushar R. , Neufeldt Christopher J. , Scaturro Pietro , Chatel-Chaix Laurent
Published: February 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes significant human disease that, with no approved treatment or vaccine, constitutes a major public health concern. Its life cycle entirely relies on the cytoplasmic fate of the viral RNA genome (vRNA) through a fine-tuned equilibrium between vRNA translation, replication and packaging into new virions, all within virus-induced replication organelles (vRO). In this study, with an RNAi mini-screening and subsequent functional characterization, we have identified insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) as a new host dependency factor that regulates vRNA synthesis. In infected cells, IGF2BP2 associates with viral NS5 polymerase and redistributes to the perinuclear viral replication compartment. Combined fluorescence
in situ
hybridization-based confocal imaging,
in vitro
binding assays, and immunoprecipitation coupled to RT-qPCR, showed that IGF2BP2 directly interacts with ZIKV vRNA 3’-nontranslated region. Using ZIKV sub-genomic replicons and a replication-independent vRO induction system, we demonstrated that IGF2BP2 knockdown impairs
de novo
viral organelle biogenesis and, consistently, vRNA synthesis. Finally, the analysis of immunopurified IGF2BP2 complex using quantitative mass spectrometry and RT-qPCR, revealed that ZIKV infection alters the protein and RNA interactomes of IGF2BP2. Altogether, our data support that ZIKV hijacks and remodels the IGF2BP2 ribonucleoprotein complex to regulate vRO biogenesis and vRNA neosynthesis.
Early evolution of the ecdysozoan body plan
Authors: Wang Deng , Qiang Yaqin , Guo Junfeng , Vannier Jean , Song Zuchen , Peng Jiaxin , Zhang Boyao , Sun Jie , Yu Yilun , Zhang Yiheng , Zhang Tao , Yang Xiaoguang , Han Jian
Published: February 2024

Extant ecdysozoans (moulting animals) are represented by a great variety of soft-bodied or articulated organisms that may or may not have appendages. However, controversies remain about the vermiform nature (i.e. elongated and tubular) of their ancestral body plan. We describe here Beretella spinosa gen. et sp. nov. a tiny (maximal length 3 mm) ecdysozoan from the lowermost Cambrian, Yanjiahe Formation, South China, characterized by an unusual sack-like appearance, single opening, and spiny ornament. Beretella spinosa gen. et sp. nov has no equivalent among animals, except Saccorhytus coronarius, also from the basal Cambrian. Phylogenetic analyses resolve both fossil species as a sister group (Saccorhytida) to all known Ecdysozoa, thus suggesting that ancestral ecdysozoans may have been non-vermiform animals. Saccorhytids are likely to represent an early off-shot along the stem-line Ecdysozoa. Although it became extinct during the Cambrian, this animal lineage provides precious insight into the early evolution of Ecdysozoa and the nature of the earliest representatives of the group.
Differential conformational dynamics in two type-A RNA-binding domains drive the double-stranded RNA recognition and binding
Authors: Parvez Firdousi , Sangpal Devika , Paithankar Harshad , Amin Zainab , Chugh Jeetender
Published: February 2024

TAR RNA binding protein (TRBP) has emerged as a key player in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, wherein it binds to different pre-miRNAs and siRNAs, each varying in sequence and/or structure. We hypothesize that TRBP displays dynamic adaptability to accommodate heterogeneity in target RNA structures. Thus, it is crucial to ascertain the role of intrinsic and RNA-induced protein dynamics in RNA recognition and binding. We have previously elucidated the role of intrinsic and RNA-induced conformational exchange in the double-stranded RNA-binding domain 1 (dsRBD1) of TRBP in shape-dependent RNA recognition. The current study delves into the intrinsic and RNA-induced conformational dynamics of the TRBP-dsRBD2 and then compares it with the dsRBD1 study carried out previously. Remarkably, the two domains exhibit differential binding affinity to a 12 bp dsRNA owing to the presence of critical residues and structural plasticity. Further, we report that dsRBD2 depicts constrained conformational plasticity when compared to dsRBD1. Although, in the presence of RNA, dsRBD2 undergoes induced conformational exchange within the designated RNA-binding regions and other residues, the amplitude of the motions remains modest when compared to those observed in dsRBD1. We propose a dynamics-driven model of the two tandem domains of TRBP, substantiating their contributions to the versatility of dsRNA recognition and binding.Exploring the intricacies of RNA-protein interactions by delving into dynamics-based measurements not only adds valuable insights into the mechanics of RNA-protein interactions but also underscores the significance of conformational dynamics in dictating the functional outcome in such tightly regulated biological processes. In this study, we measure intrinsic and RNA-induced conformational dynamics in the second dsRBD, i.e., TRBP-dsRBD2, and compare the same with that carried out in the first dsRBD (TRBP-dsRBD1) of TRBP protein, a key player of the RNAi pathway. The study unveils the differential conformational space accessible to the two domains of TRBP, even though they both adopt a canonical dsRBD fold, thereby affecting how they interact with target RNAs.
Mechanical force of uterine occupation enables large vesicle extrusion from proteostressed maternal neurons
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Guasp Ryan , Salam Sangeena , Chuang Edward , Morera Andrés , Smart Anna J , Jimenez David , Shekhar Sahana , Melentijevic Ilija , Nguyen Ken C , Hall David H , Grant Barth D , Driscoll Monica
Published: February 2024

Large vesicle extrusion from neurons may contribute to spreading pathogenic protein aggregates and promoting inflammatory responses, two mechanisms leading to neurodegenerative disease. Factors that regulate extrusion of large vesicles, such as exophers produced by proteostressed
C. elegans
touch neurons, are poorly understood. Here we document that mechanical force can significantly potentiate exopher extrusion from proteostressed neurons. Exopher production from the
C. elegans
ALMR neuron peaks at adult day 2 or 3, coinciding with the
C. elegans
reproductive peak. Genetic disruption of
C. elegans
germline, sperm, oocytes, or egg/early embryo production can strongly suppress exopher extrusion from the ALMR neurons during the peak period. Conversely, restoring egg production at the late reproductive phase through mating with males or inducing egg retention via genetic interventions that block egg-laying can strongly increase ALMR exopher production. Overall, genetic interventions that promote ALMR exopher production are associated with expanded uterus lengths and genetic interventions that suppress ALMR exopher production are associated with shorter uterus lengths. In addition to the impact of fertilized eggs, ALMR exopher production can be enhanced by filling the uterus with oocytes, dead eggs, or even fluid, supporting that distention consequences, rather than the presence of fertilized eggs, constitute the exopher-inducing stimulus. We conclude that the mechanical force of uterine occupation potentiates exopher extrusion from proximal proteostressed maternal neurons. Our observations draw attention to the potential importance of mechanical signaling in extracellular vesicle production and in aggregate spreading mechanisms, making a case for enhanced attention to mechanobiology in neurodegenerative disease.
Genetic Diversity Study of Cinnamomum cassia Blume Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DN A Markers (RAPD)
Authors: Huan Nguyen Van , Bach Ton Son , Luong Tran Thi , Le Thuy Thi Bich , Thuy Anh Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Tru Van
Published: February 2024

Aims: To investigate Genetic diversity study of Cinnamomum cassia Blume in Vietnam.

Methodology: Fresh leaves of Cinnamomum cassia Blume sample were grinded in liquid nitrogen and total genomic DNA was extracted and purified by CTAB method. The primer was amplified via the polymerase chain reaction on a Gene Amp PCR system 9700. The binary data set was utilized to compute the pairwise Jaccard similarity index and to construct the related similarity matrix. All analyses were performed by using the NTSYS-PC software application.

Results: Twenty-four accessions of Cinnamomum cassia Blume belongs to Cinnamomum species collected from some mountainous areas of the Yenbai province, Vietnam were examined to assess genetic variation using the RAPD method. The accessions included 4 in Lucyen, 5 in Tranyen, 5 in Vanchan, 6 in Vanyen and 4 in Yenbinh. Eighty-one out of 99 bands detected by 15 selected RAPD primers were polymorphic. The average number of band/primer was 6.6, in which the polymorphic bands/primer was 5.4, corresponding to 82 %. The similarity indexes among accessions fluctuate between 0.67 to 0.91 The coefficient of estimated PIC/primer range from 0.371 to 0.883, with an average of 0.756. The hight polymophylic and similarity indexes showed large modification of genome. Grouping accessions in phylogenetic tree reflected the fact that the different areas may used the same or different cultivars of Cinnamomum cassia Blume for cultivation.

Conclusion: Cinnamomum cassia Blume belongs to Cinnamomum species was introduced in Yenbai from multiple sources and possesses hight genetic diversity and variation and suggests that necessary to establish conservation plan, evaluation and selection of the best gene resources for commercial purposes.
Evaluation of Okra Varieties under Sub-humid Plains of South-East Rajasthan for Morphological and Phenological Traits
Authors: Meena Mukesh Kumar , Suman Mahaveer
Published: February 2024

Vegetable crop okra is well known for its Indian vegetable export and household consumption, contribution and thus should be explored for cultivation under various agro climatic zones. Enhanced production of this crop is only possible via improved and high yielding cultivars in comparison to other cultivars grown at same time or under same condition. Hadoti region of South-East Rajasthan, can serve a okra production in better way if the productive varieties can be screened for this region, which is lacking till date. Hence an experiment is made to recommend a variety, which performs better under South-East climatic conditions of Rajasthan. The present study was conducted in the summer season during 2022 and 2023 at the Instructional Farm, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan. 12 varieties of okra viz. Parbhani Kranti, Parbhani Bhindi, Arka Anamika, Shahiba, Shan, No. 55, Harita, Jhilmil, No. 64, Sonal, Shakti, and Punjab Selection were evaluated in Randomized Block Design, with three replication. Analysis of variance revealed that all varieties differed significantly for all the traits. The results concluded that, variation for earliness, growth, yield and quality parameters as well. These results showed presence of significant varietal effect. However, the present study demonstrated the superiority of Arka Anamika over other varieties in terms of maximum mean plant height (89.07 cm), number of leaves per plant (25.64), number of branches per plant (13.88), leaf length (19.03 cm), leaf width (25.32 cm) and leaf area (250.04 cm2) while minimum mean days taken to flowering opening to fruit picking (5.51 DAS) and days taken to first picking (47.16 DAS) was recorded in variety Punjab Selection under soil and climatic condition of Hadoti region of Rajasthan.
Assessing the Impact of Population Dynamics in Kenya: A Need for Policy Implementation
Authors: Okumu Thomas Opiyo
Published: February 2024

Population dynamics significantly influence various aspects of a country’s development, including economic growth, social progress, and environmental sustainability. In Kenya, population dynamics have been a critical factor shaping the country’s development agenda. This abstract aims to assess the impact of population dynamics in Kenya and the need for policy implementation. The relationship between population growth and economic development is complex and multifaceted. While an increasing population may fuel economic growth through a larger workforce, it simultaneously exerts pressure on essential resources and services. This paper examines the trends and implications of population growth in Kenya, a country characterized by a high fertility rate, and assesses its impact on economic dynamics. By analyzing the challenges posed by this demographic trend, the study elucidates the significant influence of population on Kenya's economy. Furthermore, it delves into the strategies implemented by the Kenyan government to mitigate adverse effects and proposes additional measures for sustainable development. Through this investigation, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between population growth and economic stability in Kenya, highlighting the necessity for effective policy interventions.
The Important Role of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Wounds Healing: A Literature Review
Authors: Hammudi Riyam Adnan , Hammudi Yamam A. , Hameed Ekhlas Majeed
Published: February 2024

Cold plasma is the fourth state of matter it can be generated using different types of gases like argon or helium or other gases by applying electrical field to get plasma with a temperature lower than 40 degree so it's considered safe to be used in human without affecting the normal body cells. Recently cold plasma came to be known as one of the most important technologies in medicine and pharmaceutical sciences. In this study we will be focusing on discussing wounds, wounds healing, different methods that help in wound care and the important role of cold plasma in accelerating the wound healing process by reviewing all the recent studies in this subject to offer a full understanding, this study showed the cold plasma has the ability to improve and accelerate wounds healing through specific mechanisms which help in cell migration and proliferation in addition to increase the vascularization at the wound side and help in gathering the fibroblasts and keratinocytes and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS, ROS) and this encourages the future researches and in-vevo studies to prove its efficiency in other medical fields and make use of its many effects like antiseptic, antimicrobial, anti-tumor and also its many application in dental field like endodontic treatment, antibacterial in dental caries and implants.
Britain and European Union, the Repercussions of Accession and the Effects of Secession
Authors: Lafta Jasim Mohmmed
Published: February 2024

Europe's openness to the East, while it lives in historical, political, or cultural temporal regions, where soon after a certain crisis was settled, a new crisis emerged, such as questioning the borders and demarcating them again, as well as the dispute between the economic downturn and the necessity of reforms, the place of the ideological confrontation between the East and the West, and the emergence of the phenomenon of fear and caution. Internal dangers replace the fear of external aggression, and the perspective of fear of internal dangers is stronger because it directly affects the security of society and threatens the weakness of the state and its inability to protect internal society. This realistically explains that the concerns and challenges in the security field are constantly increasing, and the problems of the major European countries related to immigration and organized crime may become more severe in terms of their number due to the size of those countries, but they differ from the problems of the dominant countries in terms of their nature and attempts to settle them. Therefore, major private countries, or what were previously called major countries, such as Britain, seek to take proactive measures and measures in anticipation of future threats. In addition, Britain seeks to restore its international status as a great power and its desire to play the role of peacemaker. In order to achieve interests, which is a religion rooted in its history. Those interests must be achieved, even if this is at the expense of European unity, European integration, or the European Common Market.
Supporting change through local action
Authors: Larson Desi
Published: June 2005

To improve current civil society and achieve the possibilities globalization offers, we must incorporate an education‐for‐empowerment approach to lifelong learning. This chapter explores the potential, promise, and implications for local action and dialogue.
Envisioning change from the margins within: Human resource development (HRD) and corporate downsizing
Authors: Truty Daniela
Published: June 2005

This chapter addresses the contradictions inherent to working at the confluence of human resource development and adult education, as well as the opportunity for transformation in the workplace.
At the margins of the research enterprise: Learning from an interdisciplinary eHealth research program
Authors: Wise Meg , Owens Betta
Published: June 2005

This chapter uses a case study of an interdisciplinary online adult health education (eHealth) research program to address how adult education can survive and thrive in research universities.
New type of Pb‐free Machinable Soft‐Magnetic Stainless Steels with Dispersed Titanium Carbo‐Sulfide
Authors: Ebata T. , Takiguchi T. , Shimizu T. , Oikawa K. , Mitsui H. , Ishida K.
Published: June 2005

Although conventional free‐cutting soft‐magnetic stainless steel contains Pb to facilitate machining, the replacement and elimination of Pb is required from the standpoint of environmental protection. In this article, the authors report the development of new Pb‐free machinable soft‐magnetic stainless steels in which titanium carbo‐sulfide is used as an inclusion. The microstructural evolution, magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, machinability and mechanical properties of these new free‐cutting stainless steels are presented.
Micro‐Strain Induced by Thermal Cycling in Short Fiber Reinforced AlSi12CuMgNi Piston Alloy and AE42 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Huang Y. , Hort N. , Dieringa H. , Kainer K.U.
Published: June 2005

The thermal strain evolution of the short fiber reinforced AlSi12CuMgNi piston alloy and AE42 magnesium alloy was investigated during thermal cycling. Effects of reinforcement, fiber orientation, thermal cycle and heat treatment on thermal strain were discussed. The addition of the Saffil® short fibers is more effective in improving the dimensional stability of the magnesium alloy.
Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome 4 mosaicism: Prognostic role of cytogenetic, molecular, and ultrasound/MRI characterization
Authors: Gentile Mattia , Volpe Paolo , Cariola Filomena , Carlo Antonio Di , Marotta Vincenzo , Buonadonna Antonia Lucia , Boscia Filippo Maria
Published: June 2005

Trisomy 4 mosaicism is extremely rare: herein we report the cytogenetic and molecular characterization and prenatal US findings of a case diagnosed prenatally. The diagnosis of level III mosaicism was established in cultured amniotic fluid cells (22.5%). At 22 weeks gestation, micrognathia and hypotelorism were suspected at 2‐D sonography, and confirmed at 3‐D examination. In addition, 2‐D US showed cerebellar hypoplasia associated with borderline ventriculomegaly (confirmed at magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), spine deformity (hemivertebra), and a complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). The pregnancy was terminated. Trisomy 4 mosaicism was confirmed in placental and fetal skin cultured cells. The cord blood karyotype was normal. Molecular analysis excluded uniparental disomy of chromosome 4, and indicated that the trisomy 4 was of maternal meiotic origin. In presence of chromosome 4 mosaicism, accurate fetal sonography and echocardiography are mandatory. Low level mosaicism and normal echographic examinations seem to be associated with good prognosis. In postnatal life, chromosome 4 mosaicism should be suspected, and cytogenetic analysis proposed of further tissues (i.e., skin), in presence of craniofacial dysmorphism, cardiac defects, and abnormal hands/feet, even if mental development is appropriate or only slightly impaired. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maladaptive behaviors and risk factors among the genetic subtypes of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Hartley Sigan L. , MacLean William E. , Butler Merlin G. , Zarcone Jennifer , Thompson Travis
Published: June 2005

Maladaptive behaviors among 65 people with Prader–Willi syndrome were assessed using the Reiss Screen for maladaptive behaviors. Young adults in their twenties were more likely to display aggressive behavior than adolescents and older adults. Differences in maladaptive behaviors between the typical deletion and uniparental disomy (UPD) subtypes were evaluated. The typical deletion subtype had higher self‐injury and stealing scores than the UPD subtype. Subject characteristics were differentially related to maladaptive behavior among the typical deletion and UPD subtypes. Differences in maladaptive behavior were also examined between the typical deletion type I and type II subtypes. The type I deletion subtype had greater physical depression scores than the type II deletion subtype. The Reiss Screen cut‐off scores were used to determine whether differences occurred between the subtypes at a clinically significant level. These findings offer insight into the health care needs of people with PWS. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Terminal deletion of 6p results in a recognizable phenotype
Authors: Lin Ruth J. , Cherry Athena M. , Chen Kelly C. , Lyons Michael , Hoyme H. Eugene , Hudgins Louanne
Published: June 2005

With improved cytogenetic techniques, small deletions and duplications are being identified with increased frequency. We report four cases with terminal deletions involving the 6p24‐ and 6p25‐pter chromosomal segment who exhibit a distinct, recognizable pattern of malformations including hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridge, Dandy–Walker malformation/variant, congenital heart defects, anterior eye‐chamber abnormalities, hearing loss, and developmental delay. We also compare the clinical aspects of these patients to those of previously reported cases in the literature with similar terminal deletions of chromosome 6p. Routine chromosome analysis can miss this deletion, therefore, high‐resolution chromosome analysis is indicated for individuals who exhibit these distinct features. Furthermore, individuals with this deletion should have an ophthalmologic exam, cardiac evaluation, head imaging, renal ultrasound, and formal hearing evaluation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTPN11 mutations play a minor role in isolated congenital heart disease
Authors: Weismann Constance G. , Hager A. , Kaemmerer H. , Maslen C. L. , Morris Cynthia D. , Schranz D. , Kreuder J. , Gelb B.D.
Published: June 2005

PTPN11 missense mutations cause approximately 50% of Noonan syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder presenting with various congenital heart defects, most commonly valvar pulmonary stenosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Atrioventricular septal defects and coarctation of the aorta occur in 15% and 9%, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine if PTPN11 mutations exist in non‐syndromic patients with these two relevant forms of congenital heart disease. The 15 coding PTPN11 exons and their intron boundaries from subjects with atrioventricular septal defects (n = 24) and coarctation of the aorta (n = 157) were analyzed using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced if abnormal. One subject with an atrioventricular septal defect but no other known medical problems had a c.127C > T transition in exon 2, predicting a p.L43F substitution. This mutation affected the phosphotyrosine‐binding region in the N‐terminal src homology 2 domain and was close to a Noonan syndrome mutation (p.T42A). An otherwise healthy patient with aortic coarctation had a silent c.540C > T change in exon 5 corresponding to p.D180D. Our study showed that PTPN11 mutations are rarely found in two isolated forms of congenital heart disease that commonly occur in Noonan syndrome. The p.L43F mutation belongs to a rare class of PTPN11 mutations altering the phosphotyrosine‐binding region. These mutations are not predicted to alter the autoinhibition of the PTPN11 protein product, SHP‐2, which is the mechanism for the vast majority of mutations causing Noonan syndrome. Future studies will be directed towards understanding these rare phosphotyrosine binding region mutants. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.