bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of mangosteen peel extract and synergistic capacity in beef burger preservation
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Thi Phuong , Nguyen Nguyen Hoang Khoa , Vu Linh Tran Khanh , Le Ngoc Lieu
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) in preservation of beef burgers. MPE was first evaluated for its total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Subsequently, beef burgers were prepared with different MPE amounts (0–1%) and stored for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days. The synthetic antioxidant 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl phenol (BHT) and synthetic antimicrobial sodium benzoate (SB) were used for comparison. The changes of burgers in physicochemical parameters (moisture, cooking loss, storage loss and pH), lipid and protein oxidation (peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS and carbonyl content), microbiological (total viable count, TVC) and sensory characteristics were assessed. The results revealed that MPE contained a high TPC of 128.93 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1 dry extract and TFC of 62.98 mg rutin equivalent g−1 dry extract. These bioactive compounds rendered MPE with its antioxidant activity approximately equivalent to ascorbic acid and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus comparable with SB. MPE‐combined burger samples had higher moisture and cooking loss (P < 0.05) but almost equal storage loss and pH value compared with the control samples (P > 0.05). However, the incorporation of MPE into beef burgers did not affect the sensory attributes and preferences of consumers (P > 0.05). The burger with 1% MPE had lower values of PV, TBARS and carbonyl content than all other samples (P < 0.05), including the one added with BHT, indicating the strong potential of MPE as natural antioxidant alternative to prevent the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Through the TVC test, 1% MPE was demonstrated to result in the safe preservation of burgers up to 5 days of storage, equivalent to SB (P > 0.05). Therefore, MPE could become a natural synergistic alternative to both synthetic antioxidant and antimicrobial in the preservation of meat and meat products.
More personal, but not better: The personalization effect in learning neutral and aversive health information
Authors: Almeida Luciana Maria Cavichioli Gomes , Münzer Stefan , Kühl Tim
Published: June 2024

Background

According to the personalization effect in multimedia learning, the use of personal and possessive pronouns in instructional materials (e.g., ‘you’ and ‘your’) is beneficial. However, current research suggests that the personalization effect is inverted for emotionally aversive content (e.g., illnesses).

Objective

This study investigates whether a beneficial personalization effect can be observed for emotionally neutral health‐related content whereas the effect may be reversed for emotionally aversive health‐related content.

Methods

In this study, 139 university students learned both emotionally aversive learning content on type 1 diabetes (within‐factor) that was presented in either personalized or non‐personalized language (between‐factor). The presentation order of the content (neutral first vs. aversive first) was controlled (between‐factor), resulting in a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design. The dependent variables measured include learning outcomes (regarding retention and transfer), state anxiety, extraneous cognitive load, motivation and learning time.

Results and Conclusions

In the transfer test, learners generally performed better when learning with non‐personalized instructional materials than with personalized instructional materials, regardless of whether the content was emotionally neutral or aversive. The results raise questions regarding the robustness of the personalization effect and the underlying mechanisms of the inverted personalization effect. An alternative explanation to be investigated is whether the direct reference to a disease that the participants do not have (here: ‘your type 1 diabetes’) leads to schema interference, which could be responsible for poorer learning performance—even if the learning content about the disease can be considered emotionally neutral.
The quality of prospective mathematics teachers' dynamic geometry tasks in terms of the coordination between mathematical depth levels and technological actions
Authors: Ulusoy Fadime , Girit‐Yildiz Dilek
Published: June 2024

Background

Teachers must have the skills to find, select, design and use technology‐based mathematical activities that focus on high‐level cognitive demands—supporting student reasoning. However, they experience various difficulties in creating, planning and making decisions about how and when to utilize technological affordances.

Objectives

This study aims to examine the quality of prospective school mathematics teachers' (PMTs) tasks containing the use of dynamic geometry software through the analysis of the coordination between mathematical depth levels (MDLs) and technological actions (TAs), according to Trocki and Hollebrands', Digital Experiences in Mathematics Education, 2018, 4, 110–138, Dynamic Geometry Task Analysis Framework.

Methods

Within groups, PMTs designed lesson plans that included dynamic geometry tasks (DGTs) based on the learning outcomes of the middle school mathematics curriculum. They then created micro‐teachings of these tasks. The participants' DGTs and transcripts of their microteaching videos were the main data sources.

Results

We found that many prompts included no TA or a single TA, regardless of the prompts' MDLs. Moreover, the results showed that the high‐depth prompts aimed to contribute to students' reasoning processes on geometric concepts through the TAs, which required specific tools such as dragging and sliding to get generalizations. Although the groups differed in the quality and number of DGTs, the groups' lesson plans mostly contained low‐ or medium‐quality DGTs regarding the coordination between MDLs and TAs.

Conclusions

Informing PMTs about high‐quality technology tasks and increasing their awareness on this matter is a priority to encourage them to incorporate innovative technological activities in their mathematics instruction.
Exploring the mechanisms of glycolytic genes involvement in pulmonary arterial hypertension through integrative bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Lou Yu‐xuan , Shi Er‐dan , Yang Rong , Yang Yang
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms underlying the involvement of glycolytic genes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study involved downloading 3 datasets from the GEO database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The datasets were processed to obtain expression matrices for analysis. Genes involved in glycolysis‐related pathways were obtained, and genes related to glycolysis were selected based on significant differences in expression. Gene Ontology functional annotation analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and GSEA enrichment analysis were performed on the DEGs. Combining LASSO regression with SVM‐RFE machine learning technology, a PAH risk prediction model based on glycolysis related gene expression was constructed, and CIBERSORTx technology was used to analyse the immune cell composition of PAH patients. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs work synergistically across multiple biological pathways. A total of 6 key glycolysis‐related genes were selected using LASSO regression and SVM. A bar plot was constructed to evaluate the weights of the key genes and predict the risk of PAH. The clinical application value and predictive accuracy of the model were assessed. Immunological feature analysis revealed significant correlations between key glycolysis‐related genes and the abundances of different immune cell types. The glycolysis genes (ACSS2, ALAS2, ALDH3A1, ADOC3, NT5E, and TALDO1) identified in this study play important roles in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, providing new evidence for the involvement of glycolysis in PAH.
Do systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole during the non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment phase prevent the need for future surgical treatment? A retrospective long‐term cohort study
Authors: Hakkers Jarno , Vangsted Tine E. , van Winkelhoff Arie Jan , de Waal Yvonne C. M.
Published: June 2024

Aim

The aim of this retrospective long‐term follow‐up of a 3‐month RCT was to assess whether non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment with adjunctive systemic antibiotics influenced the need for additional surgical treatment.

Materials and Methods

Patients enrolled in an aftercare programme following non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment, with or without systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole, were analysed. Data had previously been collected pre‐treatment (T0) and 3 months after treatment (T1) and were additionally collected during subsequent aftercare visits, until the final assessment (T2). Primary outcome was the need for additional surgical peri‐implantitis therapy during the aftercare programme, analysed via Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression. Secondary outcomes involved clinical parameters, assessed using parametric and non‐parametric tests.

Results

Forty‐five patients (22 AB− group, 23 AB+ group) were included. The mean follow‐up time between T1 and T2 was 35.9 months (SD = 21.0). 73.9% of the AB+ group and 50.0% of the AB− group did not receive additional surgical therapy (log‐rank test, p = .110). The adjusted Cox regression model did not provide a significant result for antibiotics (β = .441, 95% CI = 0.159–1.220, p = .115). Univariable regression analysis highlighted the influence of baseline peri‐implant pocket depth on the need for surgical treatment (β = 1.446, 95% CI = 1.035–2.020, p = .031).

Conclusions

Systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole administered during non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment do not seem to prevent the need for additional surgical therapy in the long term, during a structured aftercare programme.
A review of flash‐floods management: From hydrological modeling to crisis management
Authors: Sadkou Salma , Artigue Guillaume , Fréalle Noémie , Ayral Pierre‐Alain , Pistre Séverin , Sauvagnargues Sophie , Johannet Anne
Published: June 2024

In a context of climate change, flash‐floods are expected to increase in frequency. Considering their devastating impacts, it is primordial to safeguard the exposed population and infrastructure. This is the responsibility of crisis managers but they face difficulties due to the rapidity of these events. The focus of this study was to characterize the extent of the link between hydrologists and crisis managers. It also aimed to determine the limiting and the fostering factors to an effective integration of forecasting in crisis management during flash‐floods. This was achieved through an extensive and methodological study of available literature in selected platforms. The models encountered were characterized on multiple levels including the physical, geographical and crisis management level. The results revealed a limited link between the two involved parties with limiting factors such as the complexity of the modeling approach, the insufficient projection in the implications of operationality of the models proposed and the financial aspect. On the other hand, acknowledging the threat of flash‐floods and conducting cost–benefit‐analysis were pinpointed as fostering factors. This study showed to reconsider the forecasting methods employed, particularly, the integration of machine learning, and the needs of end‐user in these applications in a crisis management context.
Natural mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in a brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Brazil
Authors: de Souza Endily Vasconcelos , Réssio Rodrigo Albergaria , Figueiredo Ketlyn Bolsachini , de Carvalho Ana Carolina Souza Ramos , Ferreira‐Machado Eduardo , de Carvalho Júlia , dos Santos Cirqueira Cinthya , Navas‐Suárez Pedro Enrique , Zwarg Ticiana , Ritter Jana M. , de Azevedo Fernandes Natália Coelho Couto , Guerra Juliana Mariotti
Published: June 2024

Neotropical primates rarely exhibit active tuberculosis. A brown howler monkey was found injured in an urban area. Histopathology revealed granulomatous inflammation in the lungs, lymph nodes, and liver. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The findings highlight the importance of TB surveillance in nonhuman primates.
Fabrication and efficacy assessment of combination of brimonidine and ivermectin for treatment of papulopustular rosacea
Authors: Pakdaman Samin Fallah , Samadi Aniseh , Fattahi Mahsa , Naeimifar Atefeh , Ardehali Fatemeh Amiri , Ketabi Yasaman , Nasrollahi Saman Ahmad , Firooz Alireza
Published: June 2024

Background & Aim

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory, multifactorial disease for which combination therapy could be an effective treatment.

In this study, we evaluate the effect of the combination therapy of brimonidine 0.33% and ivermectin 1% as a single cream for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea.

Method

A stable and appropriate formulation was prepared by adding the aqueous phase to the lipid phase while being stirred. The stability and physicochemical properties of the formulation were evaluated under accelerated conditions. Twelve patients (36–60 years) with mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea and a Demodex count of five or more were treated with the combination of brimonidine 0.33% and ivermectin 1% cream. Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA), Patients Self‐Assessment (PSA), skin erythema (ΔE) and lightness (ΔL), and skin biophysical parameters including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, pH, and sebum content, as well as erythema and melanin index and ultrasound parameters, were measured before treatment and 4 and 8 weeks after. Adverse drug reactions were also recorded.

Results

CEA and PSA decreased significantly from 3 to 2 after 8 weeks, respectively (p‐value = 0.014 for CEA and 0.010 for PSA). ΔE and ΔL, as well as skin erythema index and TEWL improved after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05). Two patients withdrew from the study in the first week because of local adverse effects; one developed flushing following treatment and left the investigation after 4 weeks and another patient withdrew from the study after 4 weeks due to deciding to become pregnant.

Conclusion

Eight‐week treatment with the combination of brimonidine 0.33% and ivermectin 1% was shown to be effective for improvement of erythema and inflammatory lesions in mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea.
Topical moisturizer with rose stem cell‐derived exosomes (RSCEs) for recalcitrant seborrheic dermatitis: A case report with 6 months of follow‐up
Authors: Lueangarun Suparuj , Cho Byong Seung , Tempark Therdpong
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) poses significant treatment challenges due to its chronic nature and the side effects associated with long‐term use of conventional therapies like topical corticosteroids. In the search for alternative treatments, exosomes, particularly those derived from rose stem cells (RSCEs), offer a promising avenue due to their potential in managing chronic skin conditions.

Objective

This case report examines the efficacy of a topical moisturizer containing RSCEs in treating a patient with refractory SD, aiming to provide an alternative treatment pathway.

Materials and Methods

A 40‐year‐old male with a long‐standing history of SD, unresponsive to traditional treatments, underwent a novel treatment regimen. This regimen included an initial topical application of 2.5 mL of RSCEs followed by a maintenance phase involving the application of a RSCE‐containing moisturizer. Clinical outcomes were assessed through the Patient's Global Assessment (PGA) and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scores, along with evaluations of scaling and erythema.

Results

Remarkable clinical improvement was noted as early as 1‐day post‐treatment, with significant reductions in redness, scaling, and itching. The patient experienced sustained relief throughout the 6‐month follow‐up, with a recurrence in the sixth month that was less severe than previous flare‐ups. This demonstrated not only the efficacy of RSCEs in symptom management but also their potential in extending remission periods.

Conclusion

The chronic management of SD can benefit from innovative treatments like the RSCE‐containing moisturizer, as shown in this case report. While the observed outcomes are promising, indicating substantial improvements in skin condition and symptom management, larger controlled studies are necessary to validate the therapeutic potential of exosome‐containing moisturizers fully. This case underscores the need for alternative therapies in SD treatment, highlighting the role of exosomes as a viable option.
Cut‐off value for anti‐Müllerian hormone in the diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome in the Japanese population
Authors: Noguchi Hiroki , Iwasa Takeshi , Iwase Akira , Kanasaki Haruhiko , Kimura Fuminori , Kugu Koji , Saito Kazuki , Baba Tsuyoshi , Hara Tetsuaki , Matsuzaki Toshiya
Published: June 2024

Aim

To establish cut‐off values for anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) in the diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) applicable to the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) 2024 criteria and the Rotterdam/International Evidence‐Based Guideline for the assessment and management of PCOS (IEBG) 2023 criteria based on a nationwide survey, respectively, taking into account age, assays, and structure of the diagnostic criteria.

Methods

Data were collected for 986 PCOS cases and 965 control cases using a national survey in Japan and used to establish cut‐off values for AMH and AFC.

Results

Serum AMH levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group. Serum AMH showed a significant negative correlation with age and significant positive correlation with AFC in both groups. In multiple regression analysis, serum AMH level was independently affected by AFC and total testosterone. AMH cut‐off values suitable for the JSOG 2024 criteria and the Rotterdam/IEBG 2023 criteria were separately established for the 20–29 and 30–39 years of age groups, respectively, and for Access, Lumipulse and Elecsys/ECLusys, respectively. AFC cut‐off values suitable for the JSOG 2024 criteria and Rotterdam/IEBG 2023 criteria were also established separately. AFC exhibited statistically greater variability than AMH.

Conclusion

The serum AMH level is the biochemical representation of ovarian findings in PCOS and considered objective and highly reliable. Therefore, it could serve as a surrogate for AFC as a marker of polycystic ovarian morphology in diagnostic criteria.
Bidirectional associations between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of longitudinal studies with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Wang Qiuhao , Chen Shuze , Zhou Jieyu , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2024

The bidirectional associations between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with temporal directionality remain inconclusive. This study aims to evaluate the bidirectional associations between periodontitis and IBD through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched from inception to 27 February 2024. Two independent reviewers performed a review of the retrieved studies. Longitudinal studies, including cohort and nested case–control studies, were considered eligible for the study design. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and hazard ratio (HR) derived from the meta‐analysis were used to assess whether periodontitis (or IBD) was a risk factor for IBD (or periodontitis). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to evaluate the reliability of the results. Four studies (n = 10 270 912) on the risk of IBD in patients with periodontitis and two (n = 33 420) on the risk of periodontitis in patients with IBD were included. The result suggested that periodontitis did not increase the risk of IBD (pooled RR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–1.09; p = .164; I‐squared statistic [I2] = 27%). For subtypes of IBD, periodontitis was associated with the occurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC) (pooled RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.21; p = .003; I2 = 38%), but not with Crohn's disease (CD) (pooled RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.92–1.04; p = .475; I2 = 0%). Specifically, the risk of UC was higher among men (pooled HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22; p = .025; I2 = 0%) and smokers (pooled HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07–1.42; p = .004; I2 = 0%) with periodontitis than their counterparts without periodontitis. Patients with IBD may have a higher risk of developing periodontitis (pooled HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.26–1.49; p < .001; I2 = 18%); however, whether IBD subtypes increased the occurrence of periodontitis remained uncertain. The TSA results confirmed the reliability of the primary findings. Based on limited longitudinal evidence, patients with periodontitis do not exhibit an increased risk of developing IBD overall, but they are at increased risk of UC (not CD). On the contrary, patients with IBD have a higher risk of developing periodontitis over time. More high‐quality longitudinal studies are needed to determine the effect of specific subtypes of IBD on periodontitis.
Short apneas and periodic breathing in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit—Effects of sleep position, sleep state, and age
Authors: Plunkett Georgina , Yiallourou Stephanie , Voigt Aimee , Segumohamed Aishah , Shepherd Kelsee , Horne Rosemary , Wong Flora
Published: June 2024

This observational study investigated the effects of sleep position and sleep state on short apneas and periodic breathing in hospitalized preterm infants longitudinally, in relation to postmenstrual age. Preterm infants (25–31 weeks gestation, n = 29) were studied fortnightly after birth until discharge, in prone and supine positions, and in quiet sleep and active sleep. The percentage of time spent in each sleep state (percentage of time in quiet sleep and percentage of time in active sleep), percentage of total sleep time spent in short apneas and periodic breathing, respectively, the percentage of falls from baseline in heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral tissue oxygenation index during short apneas and periodic breathing, and the associated percentage of total sleep time with systemic (arterial oxygen saturation < 90%) and cerebral hypoxia (cerebral tissue oxygenation index < 55%) were analysed using a linear mixed model. Results showed that the prone position decreased (improved) the percentage of falls from baseline in arterial oxygen saturation during both short apneas and periodic breathing, decreased the proportion of infants with periodic breathing and the periodic breathing‐associated percentage of total sleep time with cerebral hypoxia. The percentage of time in quiet sleep was higher in the prone position. Quiet sleep decreased the percentage of total sleep time spent in short apneas, the short apneas‐associated percentage of falls from baseline in heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and proportion of infants with systemic hypoxia. Quiet sleep also decreased the proportion of infants with periodic breathing and percentage of total sleep time with cerebral hypoxia. The effects of sleep position and sleep state were not related to postmenstrual age. In summary, when sleep state is controlled for, the prone sleeping position has some benefits during both short apneas and periodic breathing. Quiet sleep improves cardiorespiratory stability and is increased in the prone position at the expense of active sleep, which is critical for brain maturation. This evidence should be considered in positioning preterm infants.
The formation of volatile‐bearing djerfisherite in reduced meteorites
Authors: Wilbur Zoë E. , McCoy Timothy J. , Corrigan Catherine M. , Barnes Jessica J. , Brown Sierra V. , Udry Arya
Published: June 2024

Enstatite meteorites, both aubrites and enstatite chondrites, formed under exceptionally reducing conditions, similar to the planet Mercury. Despite being reduced, the MESSENGER mission showed that the surface of Mercury is more enriched in volatiles (e.g., S, Na, K, Cl) than previously thought. To better understand the mineral hosts of these volatiles and how they formed, this work examines the chemistry and petrographic settings of a rare, K‐bearing sulfide called djerfisherite within enstatite chondrites and aubrites. The petrographic settings of djerfisherite within aubrites suggest this critical host of Cl formed after both the crystallization of troilite and exsolution of daubréelite. Djerfisherite is commonly observed as a rim on other sulfides and in contact with metal. We present an alteration model for djerfisherite formation in aubrite meteorites, whereby troilite and Fe‐Ni metal are altered through anhydrous, alkali‐ and Cl‐rich fluid metasomatism on the aubrite parent body to produce secondary djerfisherite. Moreover, we observe a loss of volatiles in djerfisherite within impact melted regions of the Miller Range 07139 EH3 chondrite and the Bishopville aubrite and explore the potential for impact devolatilization changes to sulfide chemistry on other reduced bodies in the Solar System. Vapor or fluid phase interactions are likely important in the formation of volatile‐rich phases in reduced systems. While most Na and K on the mercurian surface is expected to be hosted in feldspar, djerfisherite is likely a minor, but critical, reservoir for K, Na, and Cl. Djerfisherite present on reduced bodies, such as Mercury, may represent sulfides formed via late‐stage, primary metasomatism.
Railroad missing components detection via cascade region‐based convolutional neural network with predefined proposal templates
Authors: Tang Youzhi , Wang Yi , Qian Yu
Published: June 2024

In the field of railway infrastructure maintenance, timely and accurate detection of component anomalies is crucial for safety and efficiency. This paper presents the Cascade Region‐based convolutional neural network with Predefined Proposal Templates (CR‐PPT), an innovative method for railroad components inspection in complex railway infrastructure using edge‐computing devices. Unlike previous systems, CR‐PPT employs a series of predefined templates that enable it to detect both the presence and missing elements within various fastening systems. Our experimental analysis pinpoints the most effective network configurations for CR‐PPT. Furthermore, the paper examines CR‐PPT's proficiency in zero‐shot learning and fine‐tuning, highlighting its adaptability to new fastening systems. We have developed an optimized inference pipeline on NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin, significantly enhancing its applicability for railway inspection practices. Field blind tests validate the model's high precision and efficiency, greatly reducing the time and labor required for inspections. The findings highlight CR‐PPT's potential as an efficient and robust tool for track health assessment, marking a notable progression in the integration of AI and computer vision in rail track inspection.
3D‐printed Personalized Porous Acetabular Component to Reconstruct Extensive Acetabular Bone Defects in Primary Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Li Zhuangzhuang , Luo Yi , Lu Minxun , Wang Yitian , Gong Taojun , Hu Xin , He Xuanhong , Zhou Yong , Min Li , Tu Chongqi
Published: June 2024

Objective

Management of extensive acetabular bone defects in total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains challenging. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of 3D‐printed personalized porous acetabular components for the reconstruction of acetabular defects in primary THA.

Methods

This retrospective study involved seven patients who received 3D‐printed acetabular components in primary THA between July 2018 and March 2021. Preoperatively, acetabular bone defects were evaluated by referencing the Paprosky classification. There were two "Paprosky type IIIA" defects and five "Paprosky type IIIB" defects. The acetabular components were custom‐made for each patient to reconstruct the extensive acetabular defects. The hip function was assessed according to the Harris hip score (HHS). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed.

Results

The average follow‐up period was 40 months, ranging from 26 to 57 months. There were no patients lost to follow‐up. The HHS improved from 44 (range: 33–53) before the operation to 88 (range: 79–93) at the final follow‐up. Postoperative X‐rays showed that the 3D‐printed personalized components were properly fitted with the acetabulum. The average center of rotation (COR) discrepancy was 2.3 mm horizontally and 2.1 mm vertically, respectively. Tomosynthesis‐Shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology images showed that the implant was in close contact with the host bone. Moreover, no complications were observed during the follow‐up period, including loosening, dislocation, or component protrusion.

Conclusion

The implantation of 3D‐printed personalized acetabular components showed accurate reconstruction, stable mechanical support, and favorable function at short‐term follow‐up. This may be a viable alternative method for reconstructing extensive acetabular defects in THA.
Electromagnetic force from electric vehicles: Potential electromagnetic interference source for subcutaneous implantable defibrillator
Authors: Salih Anmar , Salam Kamil , Goswami Tarun , Wase Abdul
Published: June 2024

Background

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) encompasses electromagnetic field signals that can be detected by a device's circuitry, potentially resulting in adverse effects such as inaccurate sensing, pacing, device mode switching, and defibrillation. EMI may impact the functioning of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) and lead to inappropriate therapy.

Method

An experimental measuring device, a loop antenna mimicking the implantable cardioverted defibrillator (ICD) antenna, was developed, and validated at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and sent to Wright State University for testing. Two sets of measurements were conducted while the vehicle was connected to a 220‐Volt outlet with charging at ON and OFF. Each measurement set involved three readings at various locations, with the antenna oriented in three different positions to account for diverse patient postures. The experiment utilized a Tesla Model 3 electric vehicle (EV), assessing scenarios both inside and outside the car, including the driver's seat, driver's seat floor, passenger's seat, rear seat, rear seat floor, cup holder, charging port (car), and near the charging station.

Results

The detected voltage (max 400 to 504 millivolts) around the cup holder inside the car differed from all other measurement scenarios.

Conclusion

The investigation highlights the identification of EMI signals originating from an EV) that could potentially interrupt the functionality of a Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (S‐ICD). These signals fell within the R‐wave Spectrum of 30–300 Hz. Further in‐vivo studies are essential to determine accurately the level of interference between S‐ICDs and EMI from Electric Vehicles.
Tighter is better: Can a simple and cost‐free parameter predict response to cardiac synchronization therapy?
Authors: Coppola Giuseppe , Madaudo Cristina , Mascioli Giosuè , D'Ardia Giulio , Greca Carmelo La , Prezioso Amedeo , Corrado Egle
Published: June 2024

Background

Several studies have evaluated the role of QRS duration (QRSd) or QRS narrowing as a predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) to reduce nonresponders.

Aim

Our study aimed to determine the correlation between the relative change in QRS index (QI) compared to clinical outcome and prognosis in patients who underwent CRT implantation.

Methods

A three‐centers study involving 398 patients with a CRT device was conducted. Clinical, echocardiographic and pharmacological variables, QRSd before and after CRT implantation and QI were measured.

Results

In a 6‐month follow‐up, a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end‐diastolic and systolic volumes (LVEDV and LVESV) were observed. QI was related to reverse remodeling (multiple r‐squared: 0.48, adjusted r‐squared: 0.43, p = .001), and the cut‐off value that best predicted LV reverse remodeling after 6 months of CRT was 12.25% (AUC 0.7, p = .001). At 24 months, a statistically significant difference was found between patients with a QI ≤ 12.25% and those with a QI > 12.25% regarding NYHA class worsening (p = .04). The mean of the QI of patients who died from cardiovascular causes was lower than patients who died of other causes (p = .0179). A correlation between pre‐CRT QRSd/LVEDV and QI was observed (r = + 0.20; p = .0003). A higher QRSd/LVEDV ratio was associated with an improved LVEF, LVEDV, and LVESV (p < .0001) at follow‐up.

Conclusions

QI narrowing after CRT was related to greater echocardiographic reverse remodeling and a lower rate of adverse events (death or cardiovascular hospitalizations). The QI can improve the prediction of adverse events in a population with CRT regardless of comorbidities according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index. QI could be used to predict CRT response.
Secretory structures in Baccharis platypoda DC. inflorescences (Asteraceae) and characterization of the chemical composition of its secretion
Authors: Cassola F. , Pinheiro G. P. , Alves M. F. , Alves D. M. , Sawaya A. C. H. F. , Silva A. A. R. , Koch I. , Antunes E. R. M. , Sartoratto A. , Porcari A. M. , Mayer J. L. S.
Published: June 2024

Rocky outcrop environments at high altitudes have nutrient‐poor soil, where species are exposed to water scarcity and high solar radiation. Baccharis platypoda DC. occurs in such an environment and has a rigid and transparent secretion that covers the entire inflorescence.

We analysed and compared the secretory structures and their chemical composition in female and male inflorescences of B. platypoda, a dioecious species, to explore chemodiversity within this species and assess potential differences between individuals. Our investigation also aims to understand the occurrence of these substances in the genus Baccharis L.

Chemical compounds and secretory structures were similar in female and male inflorescences. There are glandular trichomes on the epidermis of the abaxial surface of bracts, and secretory ducts in the axis of the inflorescence, as well as in sepals, petals, and bracts. Histochemical tests were positive for phenolic compounds, flavonoids, proteins, pectin, and lipids, but not for mucilage. Flavonoid content varied between 6.24% and 9.81%, being higher in female inflorescences. Chromatography revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds, some terpenes, and other less frequent classes in both female and male inflorescences.

We highlight that trichomes found on these surfaces produce abundant phenolic compounds. These act as natural defence agents, absorbing UV radiation and minimizing oxidative stress to plant cells. The chemical composition of the secretion covering the inflorescences may reflect adaptation and survival mechanisms of these organisms under extreme sun exposure.
Radiographic diagnosis of periodontal diseases – Current evidence versus innovations
Authors: Jacobs Reinhilde , Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Lahoud Pierre , Shujaat Sohaib , Bornstein Michael M.
Published: June 2024

Accurate diagnosis of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases relies significantly on radiographic examination, especially for assessing alveolar bone levels, bone defect morphology, and bone quality. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively outline the current state‐of‐the‐art in radiographic diagnosis of alveolar bone diseases, covering both two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) modalities. Additionally, this review explores recent technological advances in periodontal imaging diagnosis, focusing on their potential integration into clinical practice. Clinical probing and intraoral radiography, while crucial, encounter limitations in effectively assessing complex periodontal bone defects. Recognizing these challenges, 3D imaging modalities, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), have been explored for a more comprehensive understanding of periodontal structures. The significance of the radiographic assessment approach is evidenced by its ability to offer an objective and standardized means of evaluating hard tissues, reducing variability associated with manual clinical measurements and contributing to a more precise diagnosis of periodontal health. However, clinicians should be aware of challenges related to CBCT imaging assessment, including beam‐hardening artifacts generated by the high‐density materials present in the field of view, which might affect image quality. Integration of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence‐based tools in intraoral radiography software, the enhances the diagnostic process. The overarching recommendation is a judicious combination of CBCT and digital intraoral radiography for enhanced periodontal bone assessment. Therefore, it is crucial for clinicians to weigh the benefits against the risks associated with higher radiation exposure on a case‐by‐case basis, prioritizing patient safety and treatment outcomes.
Effect of prostaglandin treatment on the estrus behaviour, follicular and luteal morphometry and serum hormone profile in sub‐estrus buffaloes during non‐breeding season
Authors: Raza Md Rehan Ahmed , Rajput Atul Singh , Sasidharan Jisna Kuttiyeri , Tomar Atul Kumar Singh , Pandey Hari Om , Singh Mukesh , Patra Manas Kumar
Published: June 2024

Sub‐estrus buffaloes do not exhibit estrus signs despite being cyclic contributing to extended service periods and inter‐calving intervals causing significant economic loss. The present study described the effect of synthetic prostaglandin (PGF2α) on estrus behaviour, follicular and luteal morphometry, and serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) profile in sub‐estrus buffaloes during the non‐breeding season. The incidence of sub‐estrus was 38.4% during the non‐breeding season. The sub‐estrus buffaloes (n = 33) were divided into two groups, viz., Control (n = 16) and PGF2α treatment (Inj. Cloprostenol 500 μg, i.m., n = 17). Estrus induction response was significantly greater in the treatment (100 vs. 18.75%, p < .001), and a relatively greater proportion of animals conceived in the treatment group (29.41 vs. 6.25%, p = .08). The time elapsed to induction of estrus and insemination following treatment was significantly lower in the treatment group than control. A significant increment in the follicle diameter (9.72 ± 0.45 vs. 13.00 ± 0.45 mm, P < .0001) and serum estradiol (E2) concentration (66.01 ± 11.92 vs. 104.9 ± 13.21 pg/mL, p = .003) observed at the post‐treatment period in the PGF2α treatment group. At the same time, CL diameter was reduced significantly at a higher regression rate in the PGF2α treated buffaloes than those of control. Of the responded buffaloes, only 30% showed high‐intensity estrus attributed to the expulsion of cervico‐vaginal mucus (CVM), uterine tonicity, micturition, and mounting response by a teaser bull. From this study, it can be concluded that the administration of PGF2α could induce estrus in the sub‐estrus buffaloes during the non‐breeding season. Behavioural changes, along with sonographic observation of POF, regressing CL, and serum E2 and P4 concentration would be useful to determine the right time of insemination in sub‐estrus buffaloes during non‐breeding season.
In vitro developmental competence of bovine demi‐embryos generated by blastomere separation and blastocyst bisection
Authors: Ynsaurralde‐Rivolta A. E. , Gambini A. , Alberio V. , Savy V. , Ratner L. , Guberman A. , Vázquez Echegaray C. , Gismondi M. I. , Currá A. , Bevacqua R. , Salamone D.
Published: June 2024

The efficiency of bovine in vitro embryo production can be significantly improved by splitting embryos at different stages. However, the blastocyst quality of in vitro‐produced demi‐embryos remains unexplored. The objective of this research was to compare embryo developmental rates and quality of bovine demi‐embryos produced by two different strategies: (a) embryo bisection (BSEC) and (b) 2‐cell blastomere separation (BSEP). To determine demi‐embryos quality, we evaluated total blastocyst cell number and proportion of SOX2+ cells. Additionally, the expression of SOX2, NANOG, OCT4, CDX2, IFNT, BAX and BCL genes and let‐7a and miRNA‐30c Micro RNAs was analysed. BSEP resulted in improved blastocyst development, higher ICM cells and a significantly higher expression of IFNΤ than demi‐embryos produced by BSEC. Let‐7a, which is associated with low pregnancy establishment was detected in BSEC, while miRNA‐30c expression was observed in all treatments. In conclusion, BSEP of 2‐cell embryos is more efficient to improve in vitro bovine embryo development and to produce good quality demi‐embryos based on ICM cell number and the expression pattern of the genes explored compared to BSEC.
Using the analytic hierarchical process to identify potential sites for rural ecological infrastructure investment in South Africa: examples from Cacadu and Tsitsa Catchments
Authors: Xoxo B. Sinetemba , Mantel Sukhmani K. , De Vos Alta , Tanner Jane L. , Le Maître David C.
Published: June 2024

Climate change, population growth, and land degradation are causing various socio‐economic consequences in low‐ to medium‐income countries. To address this, it is essential to prioritize restoration interventions at specific locations to maximize their effectiveness and the supply of valuable ecosystem services, such as water regulation. A stakeholder‐driven spatial multi‐criteria analysis was applied in two degraded and rural catchments in the Eastern Cape (the Cacadu and Tsitsa River Catchments), South Africa. The process combined metrics for ecosystem health, hydrological functionality, and socio‐economic benefit to visualize areas that can be targeted to maintain or enhance flow regulation. These criteria were identified based on the guidance of local stakeholders concerning their valuable ecological infrastructure (EI). The EI types investigated were wetlands, riverbanks, rangelands, and old croplands. Human and climate change impacts threaten these EIs but are the most relevant for communal needs and sustainability. According to the analysis, more places require better management to maintain the existing flow regulation service of focal catchments than areas that require a high level of human intervention (implying areas that can enhance flow regulation). This work highlights the importance of including and contextualizing the socio‐economic benefits expected from Nature‐based Solutions or EI investment initiatives.
Characterisation and dynamics of the fungal communities of Avena fatua and Echinochloa crus‐galli seeds in soil seed bank
Authors: Ņečajeva Jevgenija , Borodušķe Anete , Nikolajeva Vizma , Seņkovs Māris , Fiļipovičs Maksims , Jakobija Inta , Kalniņa Ineta , Roga Ance , Skinderskis Edmunds , Gudrā Dita , Fridmanis Dāvids
Published: June 2024

Survival in the soil seed bank is critical to a weed maintaining populations in arable lands. The role of the seed‐borne fungi in seed decay or survival needs to be determined to find solutions for reducing the weed seed banks in environmentally friendly ways. In this study, changes of the fungal microbiome after seed burial were determined in two economically important weed species, wild oat and barnyard grass. Seeds collected in different populations were buried in two sites and exhumed at intervals over the period of 1.5 years to test the seed fate. Epiphytic and endophytic fungal microbiota of seeds was characterised using both culture‐based approach and NGS of ITS1 region. The proportion of visually intact seeds and decayed seeds was different between the two burial sites. The observed species richness of the isolated epiphytic fungi was higher in the fresh compared to the buried seeds. Fungal taxa determined by NGS amplicon sequencing only partly coincided with the isolated fungi, revealing higher diversity in buried seeds. The dynamic of taxonomic structure of the fungal community was less pronounced in wild oat seeds compared to the barnyard grass seeds, where both endophytic and epiphytic communities were significantly different in the buried seeds and differed between the burial sites. It can be concluded that the epiphytic fungal communities change after seed burial in both plant species, while endophytic communities are more stable in the intact seeds and changes of the fungal community in the seed endosphere may be associated with seed decay.
Treatment outcomes in maxillofacial rehabilitation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Viswanath Sreelakshmi , Sreekumar Saranya , Janakiram Chandrasekhar , Nayar Suresh , Mathew Anil
Published: June 2024

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to assess the treatment outcomes following maxillofacial rehabilitation and to identify the tools used to evaluate those outcomes.

Introduction:

Maxillofacial defects caused due to tumor, trauma, or any pathology affects the patient physically, mentally, and psychologically. Various methodologies and strategies are used for jaw reconstruction and oral rehabilitation to help the patient regain the functions and quality of life that were lost due to the defect. The evaluation of these treatment outcomes is imperative to assess the success of rehabilitation.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will include patients with any maxillofacial defect caused by a developmental anomaly, trauma, or tumor. The patients must have undergone any type of reconstruction and/or rehabilitation and can be from any age group. All treatment outcomes of maxillofacial rehabilitation will be considered. Information from primary and secondary sources and from diverse geographical settings will be included.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched will include PubMed (Ovid), Scopus, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar (first 10 pages of the search). Two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts and extract data from selected studies. Data will be presented in tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/dp8wc
¿Cómo un liderazgo pedagógico y distribuido mejora los logros académicos? Revisión de la investigación y propuesta
Authors: Bolívar Botía Antonio
Published: June 2024

El artículo hace una revisión de la literatura y de algunas de las experiencias internacionales más recientes sobre cómo el liderazgo pedagógico constituye un factor relevante en la mejora de resultados de los establecimientos educativos. A su vez, presenta un diseño metodológico de investigación para analizar, por un lado, los factores y variables ligadas al liderazgo pedagógico que ejercen un impacto sobre los aprendizajes del alumnado y, por otro, qué buenas prácticas de liderazgo, no limitadas al equipo directivo, contribuyen decididamente a la mejora de la educación.