bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement report: Long-term measurements of ozone concentrations in semi-natural African ecosystems
Authors: Donnou Hagninou Elagnon Venance , Akpo Aristide Barthélémy , Ossohou Money , Delon Claire , Yoboué Véronique , Laouali Dungall , Ouafo-Leumbe Marie , Van Zyl Pieter Gideon , Ndiaye Ousmane , Gardrat Eric , Dias-Alves Maria , Galy-Lacaux Corinne
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In the framework of the International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in Africa (INDAAF) program, we present the seasonal variability of atmospheric ozone concentrations at the regional scale. The contributions of local atmospheric chemistry and meteorological parameters to ozone photochemistry are investigated, as are long-term trends in ozone concentrations. Fourteen measurement sites were identified for this study, representative of the main African ecosystems: dry savannas (Banizoumbou, Niger, Katibougou and Agoufou, Mali, Bambey and Dahra, Senegal), wet savannas (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire, Djougou, Benin), forests (Zoétélé, Cameroon, Bomassa, Republic of Congo) and semi-agricultural/arid savanna (Mbita, Kenya, Louis Trichardt, Amersfoort, Skukuza and Cape Point, South Africa). Over the period 1995–2020, monthly ozone concentrations were measured at these sites using passive samplers. Monthly averages of surface ozone range from 4.7±1.4 ppb (Bomassa) to 31.0±10.5 ppb (Louis Trichardt). Ozone levels in the wet season (in dry savanna) are higher and comparable to concentrations in the dry season (in wet savanna and forest). In East Africa, ozone levels show no marked seasonality, with higher levels in Southern Africa. In the Sahel, under the influence of temperature, ozone formation is closely linked to biogenic Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) emissions. It is also sensitive to nitrogen monoxide (NO) emissions in the presence of high precipitation and humidity. Biogenic VOC (BVOC) emissions, anthropogenic NOx, temperature and radiation are the dominant contributors to O3 formation in wet savannas and forests. At the southern African sites, the most important parameters influencing surface ozone concentrations are humidity, temperature, VOC emissions (anthropogenic and biogenic) and NOx. At the annual scale, Katibougou and Banizoumbou sites (dry savanna) experienced a significant decrease in ozone concentrations respectively around -0.24 ppb yr-1 (-2.3 % yr-1) and -0.15 ppb yr-1 (-1.9 % yr-1). Seasonal Kendall statistical tests revealed decreasing trends of -0.07 ppb yr-1 in Banizoumbou and -0.24 ppb yr-1 in Katibougou. These decreasing trends are consistent with those observed for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and biogenic VOCs. A significant increasing trend is observed in Zoétélé, with the Sen slope estimated at 0.1 ppb yr-1 and at Skukuza (Sen slope = 0.3 ppb yr-1). The increasing trends are consistent with the increase in biogenic emissions at Zoétélé and NO2 levels at Skukuza. Very few surface O3 measurements exist in Africa, and long-term results presented in this study are the most extensive for the studied ecosystems.
Blade Hardness Gauge: Snow Hardness Measuring and Analysis Techniques
Authors: Barsevskis Peter Karl Aird , Paetkau Mark J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The blade hardness gauge (BHG) is a promising technology for avalanche forecasters, technicians, and researchers. Designed and produced by Fraser Instruments Ltd., the BHG resembles and is based on the thin-blade tool introduced by Borstad and McClung in 2011. The BHG was designed to quantitatively measure snow hardness without the known biases of the hand hardness test. Research was carried out in the Canadian mountains of British Columbia and Alberta during the 2020–21 and 2021–22 winter seasons to test the reliability and integrity of the BHG. Side by side snow hardness profile comparison amongst avalanche practitioners shows that the BHG is more consistent for measuring snow hardness than the hand hardness test. A blade hardness to hand hardness comparative scale was developed to utilize the BHG as a teaching tool for the hand hardness test. This paper proposes refinements to standard data collection methods and techniques including the insertion rate and orientation of the thin-blade into the snowpack. These recommendations aim to increase consistency amongst users and highlight applications for avalanche practitioners to use in the field.
Bridging Gas and Aerosol Properties between Northeast U.S. and Bermuda: Analysis of Eight Transit Flights
Authors: Soloff Cassidy , Ajayi Taiwo , Choi Yonghoon , Crosbie Ewan C. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Fenn Marta A. , Ferrare Richard A. , Gallo Francesca , Hair Johnathan W. , Hilario Miguel Ricardo A. , Kirschler Simon , Moore Richard H. , Shingler Taylor J. , Shook Michael A. , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Voigt Christiane , Winstead Edward L. , Ziemba Luke D. , Sorooshian Armin
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The western North Atlantic Ocean is strongly influenced by continental outflow, making it an ideal region to study the atmospheric transition from a polluted coastline to the marine environment. Utilizing eight transit flights between NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton, Virginia and the remote island of Bermuda from NASA’s Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE), we examine the evolution of trace gas and aerosol properties off the U.S. East Coast. The first pair of flights flew along the wind trajectory of continental outflow, while the other flights captured a mix of marine and continental air mass sources. For measurements within the boundary layer (BL), there was an offshore decline in particle N<100 nm, N>100 nm, CH4, CO, and CO2 concentrations, all leveling off around ~900 km offshore from LaRC. These trends are strongest for the first pair of flights. In the BL, offshore declines in organic mass fraction and increases in sulfate mass fraction coincide with increasing hygroscopicity based on f(RH) measurements. Free troposphere measurements show a decline in N<100 nm but other measured parameters are more variable when compared to the prominent offshore gradients seen in the BL. Pollution layers exist in the free troposphere, such as smoke plumes, that can potentially entrain into the BL. This work provides detailed case studies with a broad set of high-resolution measurements to further our understanding of the transition between continental and marine environments.
A scalable and modular reservoir implementation for large scale integrated hydrologic simulations
Authors: West Benjamin D. , Maxwell Reed M. , Condon Laura E.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Recent advancements in integrated hydrologic modeling have enabled increasingly high-fidelity models of the complete terrestrial hydrologic cycle. These advances are critical for our ability to understand and predict watershed dynamics especially in a changing climate. However, many of the most physically rigorous models have been designed to focus on natural processes and do not incorporate the effect of human built structures such as dams. By not accounting for these impacts, our models are limited both in their accuracy and in the scope of questions they are able to investigate. Here we present the first implementation of dams and reservoirs in ParFlow-an integrated hydrologic model. Through a series of idealized and real world test cases we demonstrate that our implementation (1) functions as intended, (2) maintains important qualities such as mass conservation, (3) works in a real domain and (4) is computationally efficient and can be scaled to large domains with thousands of reservoirs. Our results will improve the accuracy of current ParFlow models and enable us to ask new questions regarding conjunctive management of ground and surface water in systems with reservoirs.
How to communicate and educate more effectively on natural risk issues to improve disaster risk management through serious games
Authors: Vázquez-Vílchez Mercedes , Carmona-Molero Rocío , Ouariachi-Peralta Tania
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This study focuses on exploring the potential of serious games for improving disaster risk management. The research involves methodological triangulation, analysing and comparing data from content analysis of serious games (6 digital games: 3 mobile apps and 3 online games), focus groups with experts and literature review. The results show that only online games fulfil the fundamental narrative indicated by the experts, with mobile apps focusing their gameplay more on interaction. Such interaction could enhance the playful aspect of the game and thus increase the desire to play; thus, the educational aspect of online games is much higher. Few online games work on issues of multiculturalism, diversity and gender. This paper provides a list of recommended features of disaster risk management games that we have categorised into three dimensions: a) character, b) information and message tone and c) narrative dynamics, reward systems and feedback. The results can be of great help to teachers and game designers in improving citizens' knowledge of disaster risk management.
Spatial and temporal stable water isotope data from the upper snowpack at the EastGRIP camp site, NE Greenland, sampled in summer 2018
Authors: Zuhr Alexandra M. , Wahl Sonja , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Hörhold Maria , Meyer Hanno , Gkinis Vasileios , Laepple Thomas
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Stable water isotopes stored in snow, firn and ice are used to reconstruct climatic parameters. The imprint of these parameters at the snow surface and their preservation in the upper snowpack are determined by a number of processes influencing the recording of the environmental signal. Here, we present a dataset of approximately 3800 snow samples analysed for their stable water isotope composition, which were obtained during the summer season next to the deep drilling site of the East Greenland Ice Core Project in northeast Greenland (75.635411° N, 36.000250° W). Sampling was carried out every third day between 14 May and 3 August 2018 along a 39 m long transect. Three depth intervals in the top 10 cm were sampled at 30 positions with a higher resolution closer to the surface (0–1 and 1–4 cm depth vs. 4–10 cm). The sample analysis was carried out at two renowned stable water isotope laboratories that produced isotope data with the overall highest uncertainty of 0.09 ‰ for δ18O and 0.8 ‰ for δD. This unique dataset shows the strongest δ18O variability closest to the surface, damped and delayed variations in the lowest layer, and a trend towards increasing homogeneity towards the end of the season, especially in the deepest layer. Additional information on the snow height and its temporal changes suggests a non-uniform spatial imprint of the seasonal climatic information in this area, potentially following the stratigraphic noise of the surface. The data can be used to study the relation between snow height (changes) and the imprint and preservation of the isotopic composition at a site with 10–14 cm w.e. yr−1 accumulation. The high-temporal-resolution sampling allows additional analyses on (post-)depositional processes, such as vapour–snow exchange. The data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956626 (Zuhr et al., 2023a).
Challenges of constructing and selecting the “perfect” boundary conditions for the large-eddy simulation model PALM
Authors: Radović Jelena , Belda Michal , Resler Jaroslav , Eben Kryštof , Bureš Martin , Geletič Jan , Krč Pavel , Řezníček Hynek , Fuka Vladimír
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We present the process of and difficulties in acquiring the proper boundary conditions (BCs) for the state-of-the-art large-eddy simulation (LES)-based PALM model system. We use the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model as a source of inputs for the PALM preprocessor and investigate the influence of the mesoscale model on the performance of the PALM model. A total of 16 different WRF configurations were used as a proxy for a multi-model ensemble. We developed a technique for selecting suitable sets of BCs, performed PALM model simulations driven by these BCs, and investigated the consequences of selecting a sub-optimal WRF configuration. The procedure was tested for four episodes in different seasons of the year 2019, during which WRF and PALM outputs were evaluated against the atmospheric radiosounding observations. We show that the PALM model outputs are heavily dependent on the imposed BCs and have different responses at different times of the day and in different seasons. We demonstrate that the main driver of errors is the mesoscale model and that the PALM model is capable of attenuating but not fully correcting them. The PALM model attenuates the impact of errors in BCs in wind speed, while for the air temperature, PALM shows variable behavior with respect to driving conditions. This study stresses the importance of high-quality driving BCs and the complexity of the process of their construction and selection.
Analytical and adaptable initial conditions for dry and moist baroclinic waves in the global hydrostatic model OpenIFS (CY43R3)
Authors: Bouvier Clément , van den Broek Daan , Ekblom Madeleine , Sinclair Victoria A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This article presents a description of an analytical, stable, and flexible initial background state for both dry and moist baroclinic wave simulation on an aquaplanet in order to test the dynamical core of numerical weather prediction models and study the dynamics and evolution of extratropical cyclones. The initial background state is derived from an analytical zonal wind speed field, or jet structure, and the hydrostatic primitive equations for moist adiabatic and frictionless flow in spherical coordinates. A baroclinic wave can develop if a perturbation is added to the zonal wind speed field. This new baroclinic wave configuration has been implemented in the Open Integrated Forecasting System (OpenIFS) CY43R3, a global numerical weather prediction model developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. In total, seven parameters can be used to control the generation of the initial background state and hence the development of the baroclinic waves in the OpenIFS configuration file: the jet's width, the jet's height, the maximum zonal mean wind speed of the jet, the horizontal mean of the surface virtual temperature, the surface relative humidity, the lapse rate, and the surface roughness. Nine dry and nine moist initial background states have been generated to test their stability without perturbations. The meteorological stability of the initial states is investigated by examining the spatial distributions of the equivalent potential temperature, the absolute vorticity, and the Brunt–Väisälä frequency. Moreover, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the zonal wind speed has been computed to assess their numerical stability. Finally, six dry and six moist initial background state have been used with an unbalanced perturbation to ensure that the baroclinic life cycles that develop are physically realistic. The resulting baroclinic wave is shown to be sensitive to the jet's width. This configuration for baroclinic wave simulations will be used to create a large ensemble of baroclinic life cycles to study how extratropical cyclones may evolve in the future.
The Utrecht Finite Volume Ice-Sheet Model (UFEMISM version 2.0) – part 1: description and idealised experiments
Authors: Berends Constantijn J. , Azizi Victor , Bernales Jorge , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Projecting the man-made climate-change-caused mass loss of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets requires models that can accurately describe the physics of flowing ice, and its interactions with the atmosphere, the ocean, and the solid Earth. As the irreducible uncertainty in many of these processes can only be explored by running large numbers of simulations to sample the phase-space of possible physical parameters, the computational efficiency and user-friendliness of such a model are just as relevant to its applicability as is its physical accuracy. Here, we present and verify version 2.0 of the Utrecht Finite Volume Ice-Sheet Model (UFEMISM). UFEMISM is a state-of-the-art finite-volume model which applies an adaptive grid in both space and time. Since the first version was published two years ago, v2.0 has added more accurate approximations to the Stokes flow, more sliding laws, different schemes for calculating the ice thickness rates of change, a more numerically stable time-stepping scheme, more flexible and powerful mesh generation code, and a more generally applicable discretisation scheme. The parallelisation scheme has changed from a shared-memory architecture to distributed memory, enabling the user to utilise more computational resources. The version control system includes automated unit tests and benchmark experiments, to aid with model development, as well as automated installation of the required libraries, improving both user comfort and reproducibility of results. The i/o now follows the NetCDF-4 standard, including automated remapping between regular grids and irregular meshes, reducing user workload for pre- and post-processing. These additions and improvements make UFEMISM v2.0 a powerful, flexible ice-sheet model, that can be used for long palaeoglaciological applications, as well as large ensemble simulations for future projections of ice-sheet retreat, and which is ready to be used for coupling within earth system models.
Mixed-Precision Computing in the GRIST Dynamical Core for Weather and Climate Modelling
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Zhang Yi , Wang Yiming , Liu Zhuang , Li Xiaohan , Xue Wei
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Atmosphere modelling applications become increasingly memory-bound due to the inconsistent development rates between processor speeds and memory bandwidth. In this study, we mitigate memory bottlenecks and reduce the computational load of the GRIST dynamical core by adopting the mixed-precision computing strategy. Guided by a limited-degree of iterative development principle, we identify the equation terms that are precision insensitive and modify them from double- to single-precision. The results show that most precision-sensitive terms are predominantly linked to pressure-gradient and gravity terms, while most precision-insensitive terms are advective terms. The computational cost is reduced without compromising the solver accuracy. The runtime of the model’s hydrostatic solver, non-hydrostatic solver, and tracer transport solver is reduced by 24 %, 27 %, and 44 %, respectively. A series of idealized tests, real-world weather and climate modelling tests, has been performed to assess the optimized model performance qualitatively and quantitatively. In particular, in the high-resolution weather forecast simulation, the model sensitivity to the precision level is mainly dominated by the small-scale features. While in long-term climate simulation, the precision-induced sensitivity can form at the large scale.
Stratigraphic control and emplacement mechanisms for vanadium enrichment of the black shale Toolebuc Formation, Eromanga Basin, Queensland
Authors:   , Doherty Jason
Published: April 2024

The focus of this geological research project was to determine the locations of enriched concentrations of vanadium, a critical metal, within the organic-rich black shale Toolebuc Formation. The thesis applied geochemical and geophysical techniques on rocks from drill core from central Queensland. The focus of the study was to specificially uncover how vanadium is held in the sediments at the sub-millimetre scale, and then to discover how nature has concentrated this metal. Vanadium is a vital component in future battery storage applications; the world needs to be able to detect and mine this valuable commodity.
Experiência, formação e atuação docente: representações da ginástica ao longo da vida de professores de Educação Física escolar
Authors: Heinen Eduarda Heydt , Oliveira Lucas Machado de , Boaventura Patrícia Luiza Bremer , Pizani Juliana
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear as representações de ginástica de professores de Educação Física escolar ao longo da vida, a partir das narrativas sobre suas experiências com esse saber. Foram realizadas entrevistas com professores de Educação Física atuantes na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Os resultados mostram que os participantes do estudo tiveram poucas experiências com modalidades ginásticas na infância. Ao percorrem a trajetória acadêmica, encontraram limitações para conhecer de forma ampliada o universo gímnico. Consequentemente, percebe-se que as práticas profissionais refletem lacunas no trato com o conteúdo ginástico. Conclui-se que a ginástica esteve representada de várias formas e em diferentes contextos para os professores, porém a falta de experiências significativas tem impactado a prática profissional e contribuído para um ciclo de desconhecimento da ginástica.
Studying the Effects of Various Yeast on the Three-Year Aging Process of Brandy Spirits Made From “Kangun” and “Meghrabuyr” Grape Varieties
Authors: Khachatryan T.L. , Shahinyan L.V. , Harutyunyan Sh.H. , Nersisyan A.H.
Published: April 2024

Brandy spirits, matured for three years and produced with various yeasts, were examined to assess their quality. The study included evaluating sensory indicators and conducting a qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile aromatic compounds. Results showed that brandy spirits fermented with “Oenoferm Bouquet” yeast, displayed the highest concentrations of volatile aromatic substances, with this variant receiving the most favorable tasting evaluation among the sampled spirits.
Carbamazepine Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report
Authors: Khadeer Ahamad Shaik , Dara Deepthi , Reddy Thota Sanjana
Published: April 2024

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are acute life-threatening mucocutaneous drug reactions. Early symptoms of this syndrome include fever and blisters that peel and leave painful raw areas. As the infection progresses, consequences like dehydration, sepsis, pneumonia, and multiple organ failure are common. In this report the authors present case of a 28-years-old male patient referred to our hospital after taking carbamazepine for seizures and developing high-grade fever and skin lesion initially on upper trunk maculopapular followed by all over body including eyes and oral cavity. The use of IVIG and plasmapheresis was a good management for our case, helping in our patient's well-being and recovery.

Key words: Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), mucocutaneous, plasmapheresis, carbamazepine
History of geographical research in the field of tourism within the Dniester hydrographic basin (sector of the Republic of Moldova)
Authors: Moroz Ivan , Bacal Petru , Lungu Dorin
Published: April 2024

The geographical research in the field of tourism within the Nistru Hydrographic Basin on the territory of the Republic of Moldova can be found in several geographical, economic, military, medical works, most of them having a fragmentary character and addressing only some aspects of the tourism resources and infrastructure. The purpose of the present study consists in the chronological analysis of the geographical research in the field of tourism related to the Nistru Hydrographic Basin within the limits of the Republic of Moldova. The main objectives of this study are: the identification and analysis, chronologically and by research fields, of the main works on the tourism resources of the study region; the assessment of the contribution of the analyzed studies in the development of domestic tourism, including in the Nistru Hydrographic Basin; the identification of the strengths and gaps of previous research in the field; the development of a complex geographic study of the tourist phenomenon at the hydrographic basin level. Studies on the spatial distribution of natural and anthropogenic tourism resources were highlighted, particularly protected natural, bioclimatic areas, estate parks, monuments, etc.
A life dedicated to science: academician Andrei ANDRIEȘ (1933–2012)
Authors: Iovu Mihail , Cojocaru Ion
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to the memory of the distinguished scientist, the President of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova in 1989–2004, academician Andrei Andrieș. Andrei Andrieș certainly had a lifelong passion – the physics of amorphous chalcogenous materials. On his initiative, a new research field of non-crystalline semiconductor physics was initiated, and a scientific school in the area of non-crystalline semiconductors was formed in Chișinău. Academician Andrei Andries, an outstanding personality in this field, recognized worldwide, is author/ coauthor of numerous scientific publications, participating in international scientific conferences; he was an excellent organizer of science in the Republic of Moldova.
Conflict Management Strategies used by Early Grade Teachers: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Manzoor Misbah , Rukhsana Durrani  , Sajid Manzoor
Published: April 2024

This study presents the perceptions of teachers and head teachers toward the causes of conflict and effective strategies to resolve the conflict at preprimary schools. The research examined how conflicts are resolved by head teachers and teachers of preprimary schools. Primary data was collected through interviews with 6 head teachers and 20 teachers from purposively sampled preprimary schools. The results of the study revealed that conflicts are healthy for the institutes. Findings show that differences in beliefs between head teachers and teachers, management style, workload, dissatisfaction, lack of staff training, absence of reward systems for teachers, false information, lack of commitment, poor communication, lack of participation in decisions, and favoritism are the key causes that raised the conflicts between principal and teachers of preprimary schools. The research concludes that existing conflicts can be handled in preprimary schools by using the integrating, avoiding competing, compromising, and accommodating strategies.
Keywords: conflict, heads of schools, preprimary schools
Potential Bioabsorbent Extract of Skin and Leaves Ananas Comosus on reduction of Copper, Mercury, and Lead in Anadara granosa
Authors: Kunsah Baterun , Kartikorini Nastiti , Ariana Diah , Mardiyah Siti
Published: April 2024

Kenjeran sea waters were polluted by several types of heavy metals such as copper (0.015mg/L), lead (0, 0036 mg/L), and mercury (0.001mg/L). Consuming Anadara granosa containing heavy metals exceeding the standard is very dangerous. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pineapple leaf and peel extract on reducing levels of copper, lead, and mercury in Anadara granosa in Kenjeran. Methods: Treatment without giving pineapple leaf and peel extract (Control) and treatment with pineapple leaf and peel extract using 0% and 3% concentrations. The results of heavy metal levels were in the form of numbers indicating the content of heavy metal levels in Anadara granosa determined in mg/kg using AAS. Results: The average copper concentration of 0% was 5.037mg/kg, and the 3% concentration was 2.563mg/kg, the average lead concentration at 0% concentration was 2.4333mg/kg and the concentration of 3% is 1.4433mg/kg, the average mercury concentration of 0% is 0.963mg/kg, and the concentration of 3% is 0.323mg/kg (4) Conclusion: there is an effect of pineapple peel and leaf extract on the decrease in copper levels by 50.88%, lead levels by 59%, and 33.54% decrease in mercury levels.
An Approach for Detecting Security Attacks using Machine Learning in IoT Environment
Authors: Satish S. Banait,
Published: April 2024

The strong security measures are becoming even more necessary to protect these networked systems as a result of the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The dynamic and varied nature of IoT networks frequently makes it impossible for traditional security solutions to be effective. The method suggested in this research uses machine learning to identify security attacks in IoT contexts. The suggested method makes use of the capabilities of machine learning algorithms to examine the enormous amounts of data produced by IoT devices. The system can develop the ability to recognise possible security threats and take immediate action by training models on labelled datasets that include both normal and attack patterns. In this paper multiple ML models for security threat detection in IoT environments in this study. Our evaluation uses both binary and multiclass classification models in an effort to accurately reflect the variety of assaults that can be found in IoT environments. The proposed method provide a new specialised IoT dataset that was created especially to reflect the characteristics of actual IoT environments in order to assure the validity of our assessment. By completing this extensive analysis, we hope to shed light on how well AI-based methods for security attack detection in IoT contexts work. The results of this study can help researchers and professionals decide which ML models and feature engineering techniques are best for IoT security. At the end of the day, we want to help with the creation of reliable security systems that safeguard IoT devices and shield user data from harmful attacks.
Novel Hybrid Deep Optimized Machine Learning Model for Energy Efficient Cluster Selection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks
Authors: Chandrashekhar Goswami
Published: April 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have grown into a more powerful type of data transmission due to this rapid progress of evolution of wireless communication technology. In addition, UAVs have been proven to be effective in a variety of applications, including intelligent transport, disaster risk management, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. When UAVs are deployed randomly, however, they can effectively accomplish challenging tasks because of the UAVs’ has low battery capacity, quick mobility, and dynamic in nature orientation. Due to this reason, a new technique must be designed for an optimal energy efficient UAV clustering as well as data routing protocols.  In this work proposes a new hybrid model of Emperor penguin-based Generalized Approximate Reasoning Based Intelligent Control (EP-GARIC) cluster-based network topology. Furthermore, the optimal routing function is achieved by the proposed Artificial Jellyfish Optimization (AJO). The implementation of this research is carried out using Network Simulator (NS2). The simulation results displays the effective performance of the suggested approach in terms of reduced energy consumption, improved packet delivery ratio, reduced loss, and so on over compared to the conventional approaches
Numerical Assessment of Enhanced Coatings in Wire Mesh Volumetric Absorbers
Authors: Avila-Marin Antonio L. , Morales Angel , Farchado Meryem , San Vicente Gema , Carra Maria Elena , Carballo Jose Antonio , Sanchez-Señoran Daniel
Published: April 2024

Two different wire mesh open volumetric receivers (OVRs) are studied together with six different coatings and two different working conditions in order to assess their effect on the performance of the OVR comparing them to the two baseline OVRs, uncoated and state-of-the-art. The results show that selective coatings produce the best OVR thermal results, having the best results when the solar absorptance is as high as possible and the thermal emittance is as low as possible.
CSP Design Study for Sandia National Laboratories and Kirtland Air Force Base
Authors: Ho Clifford K. , Bush H. Evan , Villa Daniel , Rinaldi Nicole , Schroeder Nathan R. , Sment Jeremy
Published: April 2024

This report provides a design study to produce 100% carbon-free electricity for Sandia NM and Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB) using concentrating solar power (CSP).  CSP plant designs of 50 MW and 100 MW are assessed to meet the electricity needs of Sandia NM and/or KAFB.  Probabilistic modeling is performed to evaluate inherent uncertainties in performance and cost parameters on total construction costs and the levelized cost of electricity. Estimated annual electricity production was ~200 – 300 GWh for the 50 MW plant and ~400 – 700 GWh for the 100 MW plant. The overnight construction costs ranged between ~$300M - $400M for the 50 MW CSP plant and between ~$500M - $800M for the 100 MW CSP plant. The heliostat field was the most significant subsystem cost, followed by the thermal energy storage, power cycle, and fixed operation and maintenance costs. Other considerations such as land availability and permitting, funding options, and interconnections are discussed.
Effect of inflammatory response on joint function after hip fracture in elderly patients: A clinical study
Authors: Wang Jia-Ming , Pan Yu-Tao , Yang Chen-Song , Liu Ming-Chong , Ji Sheng-Chao , Han Ning , Liu Fang , Sun Gui-Xin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Excellent hip joint function facilitates limb recovery and improves the quality of survival. This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors affecting postoperative joint functional activity and outcomes in elderly hip fractures patients and to provide evidence for patient rehabilitation and clinical management.

AIM

To explore the relationship between inflammatory factors and hip function and the interaction between inflammation and health after hip fracture in elderly patients.

METHODS

The elderly patients who had hip fracture surgery at our hospital between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022 were chosen for this retrospective clinical investigation. Patients with excellent and fair postoperative hip function had their clinical information and characteristics gathered and compared. Age, gender, fracture site, surgical technique, laboratory indices, and other variables that could have an impact on postoperative joint function were all included in a univariate study. To further identify independent risk factors affecting postoperative joint function in hip fractures, risk factors that showed statistical significance in the univariate analysis were then included in a multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition to this, we also compared other outcome variables such as visual analogue scale and length of hospital stay between the two groups.

RESULTS

A total of 119 elderly patients with hip fractures were included in this study, of whom 37 were male and 82 were female. The results of univariate logistic regression analysis after excluding the interaction of various factors showed that there was a statistically significant difference in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), and complement C1q (C1q) between the fair and excellent joint function groups (P < 0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6 > 20 pg/mL [(Odds ratio (OR) 3.070, 95%CI: 1.243-7.579], IL-8 > 21.4 pg/ mL (OR 3.827, 95%CI: 1.498-9.773), CRP > 10 mg/L (OR 2.142, 95%CI: 1.020-4.498) and C1q > 233 mg/L (OR 2.339, 95%CI: 1.094-5.004) were independent risk factors for poor joint function after hip fracture surgery (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

After hip fractures in older patients, inflammatory variables are risk factors for fair joint function; therefore, early intervention to address these markers is essential to enhance joint function and avoid consequences.
Safety of tranexamic acid in surgically treated isolated spine trauma
Authors: Zahra Wajiha , Nayar Sandeep Krishan , Bhadresha Ashwin , Jasani Vinay , Aftab Syed
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Tranexamic acid (TXA), a synthetic antifibrinolytic drug, effectively reduces blood loss by inhibiting plasmin-induced fibrin breakdown. This is the first study in the United Kingdom to investigate the effectiveness of TXA in the surgical management of isolated spine trauma.

AIM

To assess the safety of TXA in isolated spine trauma. The primary and secondary outcomes are to assess the rate of thromboembolic events and to evaluate blood loss and the incidence of blood transfusion, respectively.

METHODS

This prospective observational study included patients aged ≥ 17 years with isolated spine trauma requiring surgical intervention over a 6-month period at two major trauma centers in the United Kingdom.

RESULTS

We identified 67 patients: 26 (39%) and 41 (61%) received and did not receive TXA, respectively. Both groups were matched in terms of age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and mechanism of injury. A higher proportion of patients who received TXA had a subaxial cervical spine injury classification or thoracolumbar injury classification score > 4 (74% vs 56%). All patients in the TXA group underwent an open approach with a mean of 5 spinal levels involved and an average operative time of 203 min, compared with 24 patients (58%) in the non-TXA group who underwent an open approach with an average of 3 spinal levels involved and a mean operative time of 159 min. Among patients who received TXA, blood loss was < 150 and 150–300 mL in 8 (31%) and 15 (58%) patients, respectively. There were no cases of thromboembolic events in any patient who received TXA.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated that TXA is safe for isolated spine trauma. It is challenging to determine whether TXA effectively reduces blood loss because most surgeons prefer TXA for open or multilevel cases. Further, larger studies are necessary to explore the rate, dosage, and mode of administration of TXA.
Argentina y la Doctrina Monroe:
Authors: Morgenfeld Leandro
Published: April 2024

Hace 200 años, cuando las colonias hispanoamericanas luchaban por terminar de consolidar sus independencias, nació la doctrina Monroe, que se sintetizó en el lema AmericafortheAmericans. A lo largo de dos siglos, la misma cobró distintos matices, pero sostuvo un proyecto continental por parte del país que pasó a ser una potencia en el siglo XIX y una superpotencia en el XX. Desde entonces, la Argentina ya constituida tuvo un vínculo complejo con dicha doctrina. El país, ubicado al otro extremo del continente americano, y con lazos económicos más fuertes con Europa, resistió la presión estadounidense por alinear bajo su influencia sus vecinos del sur. En el siguiente artículo nos enfocaremos de la posición de la Argentina frente a la doctrina Monroe en momentos destacados de los dos últimos siglos, que incluyen el reconocimiento de la independencia, el del surgimiento del panamericanismo moderno, el rechazo a la intervención militar europea en Venezuela, para garantizar el cobro de deudas – cuando se planteó la doctrina Drago – y, especialmente, la resignificación de la misma durante la guerra fría, y el rol que jugó en el conflicto de Malvinas – cuando se invocó infructuosamente el TIAR.
boicotes aos Jogos Olímpicos de Moscou (1980) e Los Angeles (1984) no contexto da Guerra Fria
Authors: Wasen Fraga Gérson
Published: April 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo oferecer uma análise histórica dos boicotes aos Jogos Olímpicos de Moscou (1980) e Los Angeles (1984), dentro do contexto da Guerra Fria. Partimos do pressuposto que os megaeventos esportivos são momentos privilegiados para a emissão de discursos políticos e a construção de imagens acerca das coletividades nacionais. Deste modo, as duas edições olímpicas em questão se apresentaram como momentos de inflexão no contexto da Guerra Fria, refletindo a rivalidade geopolítica existente entre as grandes potências mundiais, mas também a disparidade tecnológica já existente naquele momento entre Estados Unidos e União Soviética, disparidade esta que se acentuaria ao longo daquela década, culminando com a derrocada do socialismo real no leste europeu em 1989 e o fim da União Soviética dois anos mais tarde.
PEQUI PEDAGÓGICO E ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA: UMA DINÂMICA DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICA PARA PENSAR A PREVENÇÃO DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS
Authors: Felipe José Marcos , Bernardi Luci dos Santos
Published: April 2024

Este artigo resulta de dissertação de mestrado produzida no âmbito de Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Seu objetivo é apresentar uma dinâmica didático-pedagógica para o ensino de matemática a partir do tema de prevenção de incêndios florestais, articulando os Três Momentos Pedagógicos e a proposta STEAM (acrônimo para Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia, Artes e Matemática) como elementos constitutivos de um ambiente de aprendizagem na perspectiva investigativa. Nomeamos esta dinâmica de “Pequi Pedagógico”, alusivo à árvore típica do Cerrado que está sendo ameaçada em virtude das queimadas. Esta pesquisa está localizada teoricamente no campo da Educação Matemática Crítica, em uma abordagem qualitativa e propositiva, ancorando-se no pressuposto de que a escola, além de possibilitar a construção de conhecimento, é espaço propício ao estímulo dos indivíduos por meio de aulas diferenciadas, que podem contribuir para a preservação do meio ambiente. A dinâmica didático-pedagógica é constituída pela proposição de atividades organizadas em 14 etapas, cujo desenvolvimento pode ocorrer nas aulas de matemática, imbricada a outras áreas, pensadas para oportunizar a efetiva participação de estudantes em aulas remotas síncronas. O Pequi Pedagógico trata do ensino de Probabilidade e Estatística, ancorado na prevenção de incêndios florestais, utilizando como recursos tecnológicos o geoprocessamento, ferramentas virtuais multimodais, ambientes virtuais de ensino, plataformas de videoconferência, simulação de ações e indicação de possibilidades pedagógicas. Concluímos que os mecanismos de interação propostos promovem a participação ativa do estudante em todo o processo de ensino, possibilitando uma aprendizagem dinâmica e contextualizada, baseada no diálogo e criticidade. As tecnologias utilizadas propõem um ambiente ainda inexplorado, pois são ferramentas pouco utilizadas em aulas de matemática, bem como em seu uso contextualizado, com a aplicabilidade em outras áreas e em conjunto com outros profissionais.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E A MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NA PERSPECTIVA CRÍTICA: UM PANORAMA DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Lopes Aldo Peres Campos
Published: April 2024

Apresentamos um panorama das produções científicas relativas à formação de professores e à modelagem matemática na perspectiva da educação matemática crítica. Nesta pesquisa foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, seguindo os aspectos de uma investigação do estado da arte no campo da educação matemática. A coleta de dados foi feita no banco de teses e dissertações da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), abrangendo produções publicadas até o ano de 2020. Destacamos os objetivos almejados, as concepções de modelagem matemática e as perspectivas críticas adotadas e as conclusões obtidas. A análise dos 21 trabalhos selecionados evidenciou que a modelagem matemática é uma alternativa metodológica que pode trazer interesse, colaborar para a criatividade e promover uma atitude positiva em relação à matemática. Ademais, pode desenvolver competências críticas. Por outro lado, poucos desses trabalhos focaram na implementação da modelagem e em analisar o desenvolvimento da reflexão crítica.
Análise das notificações de violência contra criança e adolescente em Minas Gerais
Authors: Garcia Allisson Antonio Alvarenga , Rezende Pedro Cury , Rodrigues Iara Guimarães , Vieira Débora
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as características das notificações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes no Estado de Minas Gerais de 2018 a 2022 e disponibilizar uma análise atualizadas desses dados. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico de corte transversal, com uso de dados secundários e abordagem quantitativa, os quais os dados foram obtidos por acesso aos registros públicos do SINAN/DATASUS. Foram extraídos dados de notificações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes, utilizando os filtros: perfil sociodemográfico (idade entre 0 a 19 anos de idade, gênero), tipo de violência, vínculo com o agressor e local de ocorrência. Resultados: Obteve-se uma amostra de 65.853 notificações de violência no período analisado, na qual identificou-se um crescimento do número de casos com o aumento da idade das vítimas. O sexo feminino foi mais acometido perante o masculino. Em números absolutos, a violência física predominou, seguida pela violência sexual e psicológica/moral. O agressor é geralmente é próximo a vítima, sendo principalmente Mãe e Pai, na infância e Amigos/Conhecidos na adolescência. O principal local de ocorrência da violência é na própria residência da vítima. Notou-se uma subnotificação dos casos no período da pandemia de COVID-19, mas posterirormente uma recuperação do padrão crescente de notificações. Conclusão: a pesquisa trouxe dados do cenário antes e depois da pandemia de COVID-19 e mostrou as particularidades dos casos de violência notificados em Minas Gerais nesse período. As intervenções em saúde pública precisam ser ajustadas com informações atualizadas do cenário da violência com o objetivo de serem assertivas e direcionadas aos mais vulneráveis. Ressalta-se a importância da notificação como ferramenta de visibilidade do cenário da violência.
Influência de extratos vegetais na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Authors: Oliveira Wesley Rodrigues de , Pascuali Luiz Carlos , Silva Sumária Sousa e , Porto Alexandre Gonçalves , Christ Airton José , Carvalho José Wilson Pires
Published: April 2024

O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de alimentos do mundo e produzir com menor impacto sobre o meio ambiente tem sido um tema recorrente em debates a nível nacional e internacional. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de feijão-de-corda (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Nos tratamentos foram utilizados quatro extratos vegetais, aplicados separadamente e em combinação binária: alho (Allium sativum L.), gengibre (Zingiber officinale L.), cravo-da-índia (Syzygium aromaticum L.) e citronela (Eucalyptus citriodora). Os extratos foram aplicados nas sementes de feijão-de-corda, na proporção de 2 mL/100g, por meio de um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os parâmetros analisados no processo foram: primeira contagem, germinação, massa seca, comprimento aéreo, comprimento radicular, e porcentagem de incidências de fungos (Phomopsis sp., Fusarium sp. e Cladosporium sp.). Os melhores resultados da germinação foram observados nos extratos de alho (80%) e citronela (70%). Enquanto que nas combinações as melhores foram alho-gengibre com (77%), alho-citronela com (73%), citronela-gengibre com (71%) e alho-cravo-da-índia (70%), todos superior a testemunha (61%). Na massa seca, comprimento aéreo e radicular seguem a mesma tendência. Quanto ao efeito fungicida, todos os tratamentos mostraram eficiência no controle, exceto com cravo-da-índia, citronela-gengibre para Phomopsis sp. e gengibre e alho-citronela para Fusarium sp, que favoreceram um aumento da incidência dos fungos. Portanto, os estudos indicam que os extratos analisados podem ser uma alternativa eficiente no tratamento de sementes de feijão-caupi, pois promoveu melhorias na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes.