bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Electric Field Coupling with Tunable Schottky Barrier Synergistically Regulating Electronic Configuration in CoP@Ni‐CdS Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Wu Fei , Li Guicun , Wang Lei , Huang Jianfeng , Song Aili , Meng Alan , Li Zhenjiang
Published: October 2024

Designing and exploiting visible‐light‐responsive materials that converts solar into chemical energy is promising in achieving green energy sustainability, but addressing low electron–hole separation efficiency and sluggish surface kinetic process remains formidable challenges. Herein, a novel CoP@Ni‐CdS Schottky junction composed of Ni‐doped CdS nanorods and quasi‐metallic CoP nanoparticles is constructed via a simple hydrothermal–calcination method. Experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that magnetic Ni‐doping not only induces a spin‐polarized electric field and enhances the built‐in interfacial electric field strength, but also rises the Schottky barrier height at the heterointerface, which synergistically accelerates the separation efficiency of photoinduced charges and modulates the electronic configuration of the active site to optimize the adsorption–desorption behaviors for H2O molecules and H* intermediates. Therefore, the designed CoP@Ni‐CdS catalyst exhibits an exceptional photocatalytic performance with H2 evolution rate of 42.14 mmol g−1 h−1 with the apparent quantum efficiencies of 16.8% at 420 nm, which is 14.14 and 2.21 times higher than that of pristine CdS and Ni‐CdS, respectively. This work provides in‐depth insights into fabricating dual electric fields, tuning the Schottky barrier and modulating the electronic configuration of active sites in Schottky heterojunction for ameliorative photocatalytic activity.
CVD‐Synthesized CsAg2I3 Single Crystals toward Polarization UV Photodetection and Anti‐Counterfeiting Identification
Authors: Yu Mengxin , Zhai Yalin , Xu Kai , Song Ruijie , Wan Peng , Shi Daning , Kan Caixia , Fang Xiaosheng , Jiang Mingming
Published: October 2024

Low‐dimensional ternary silver halide (CsAg2I3), an emerging inorganic lead‐free perovskite, has garnered significant scientific attention due to its strong quantum confinement effects, wide bandgaps, non‐toxicity, and others. However, the photophysical properties and optoelectronic performance of CsAg2I3 materials and devices are significantly compromised by crystal quality and defects arising from liquid‐phase preparation. Herein, 1D CsAg2I3 single crystals newly grown by the chemical vapor deposition method are reported. These crystals display exceptional quality and stability over a 3‐month period despite exposure to air and moisture. The high in‐plane anisotropic structure, phonon vibrations, and refractive index of CsAg2I3 crystals are also experimentally elucidated. Polarization‐sensitive ultraviolet photodetector based on the CsAg2I3 monocrystal features a responsivity of 139  mA W−1, a specific detectivity of 1.05 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1, an ultra‐fast photoresponse speed of 48.2/69.1 µs, and a dichroic ratio of 2.66 upon 360 nm irradiation at −5.0 V bias. The photodetector excels amongst its competitors, moving toward the potential application of rapid optical anti‐counterfeiting identification. This work, which leverages grown high‐crystalline and highly stable CsAg2I3 monocrystals, holds promises for advancing this functional material into a robust next‐generation optoelectronic devices capable of probing sensitive optical sensing and specific azimuth recognition.
Field‐Free Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching in Perpendicularly Magnetized Ta/CoFeB/MgO/NiO/Ta with a Canted Antiferromagnetic Insulator NiO Interlayer
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Zhuoyi , Chen Yuzhe , Zhu Fangyuan , Yan Yu , Li Yao , He Liang , Du Jun , Zhang Rong , Wu Jing , Xu Yongbing , Lu Xianyang
Published: October 2024

In this study, deterministic current‐induced spin‐orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching is achieved, particularly in systems with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), without the need for a collinear in‐plane field, a traditionally challenging requirement. In a Ta/CoFeB/MgO/NiO/Ta structure, spin reflection at the MgO/NiO interface generates a spin current with an out‐of‐plane spin polarization component σz. Notably, the sample featuring 0.8 nm MgO and 2 nm NiO demonstrates an impressive optimal switching ratio approaching 100% without any in‐plane field. A systematic investigation of the effects of the MgO and NiO thickness demonstrates that the formation of noncollinear spin structures and canted magnetization in the ultrathin NiO interlayer plays a pivotal role to the field‐free SOT switching. The integration of NiO as an antiferromagnetic insulator effectively mitigates current shunting effects and enhances the thermal stability of the device. This advancement in the CoFeB/MgO system holds promise for significant applications in spintronics, marking a crucial step toward realizing innovative technologies.
Hierarchical Flower Array NiCoOOH@CoLa‐LDH Nanosheets for High‐Performance Supercapacitor and Alkaline Zn Battery
Authors: Zhang Ding , Hua Ying‐jie , Fu Xiao‐man , Cheng Chun‐yu , Kong De‐meng , Zhang Mei‐ling , Lei Bing‐Xin , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: October 2024

Nickel oxyhydroxide based energy storage materials have been largely confined by insufficient exposure of active sites which results in low energy efficiency and poor stability. In order to resolve the problems, hierarchical flower array heterostructure NiCoOOH@CoLa‐LDH (denoted as NC@CL) nanosheets are designed with NiCo oxyhydroxide (NiCoOOH, denoted as NC) being tightly covered on CoLa layered double hydroxide (CoLa‐LDH, denoted as CL) nanosheet. This rational design creates more active sites, enlarges the electrode‐electrolyte contact area, improves electron conductivity, and prevents agglomeration during the cycling charge–discharge processes. Density functional theory calculations and differential charges concurrently illustrate that heterostructure formation optimizes the reaction kinetics and promotes electron redistribution. Benefiting from the heterogeneous structure and rich electro‐active sites caused by NC, NC@CL displays outstanding reversible specific capacitance (3228 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). The aqueous rechargeable alkaline Zn battery NC@CL//Zn exhibits a high capacity of 381.1 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and cycling durability (98% capacity retention after cycling at 5 A g−1 for 2000 cycles). The excellent electrochemical performances indicate that NC@CL has great application potential as electrode material for aqueous energy storage device.
Colloidal Quantum Dots‐Based Photoelectrochemical‐Type Optoelectronic Synapse
Authors: Gu Liping , Li Xin , Xia Li , Zhao Hongyang , Wang Binyu , Li Zhuojian , Wang Zhiming M. , Tong Xin
Published: October 2024

Current artificial neuromorphic systems are mainly constructed using solid‐state optoelectronic synaptic devices, limiting their potential artificial intelligence applications in liquid medium. Here, colloidal CuInGaSe/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) with environment‐benign feature and broad visible light absorption are prepared to fabricate a photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type optoelectronic synaptic device operating in aqueous electrolyte, enabling unique biological synaptic behaviors including paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), short‐term plasticity (STP), long‐term plasticity (LTP) and learning‐forgetting‐relearning process when simulated by optical pulses with various wavelength, pulse number, frequency, power density, and applied voltage. These results demonstrate the feasibility of building PEC‐type optoelectronic synapses using colloidal QDs, paving the way to realize available optoelectronic synaptic devices for prospective underwater artificial intelligence technology.
Bonding Interactions Can Drive Topological Phase Transitions in a Zintl Antiferromagnetic Insulator
Authors: Berry Tanya , Moya Jaime M. , Smiadak David , Lee Scott B. , Aharon Sigalit , Zevalkink Alexandra , McQueen Tyrel M. , Schoop Leslie M.
Published: October 2024

While ∼30% of materials are reported to be topological, topological insulators are rare. Magnetic topological insulators (MTI) are even harder to find. Identifying crystallographic features that can host the coexistence of a topological insulating phase with magnetic order is vital for finding intrinsic MTI materials. Thus far, most materials that are investigated for the determination of an MTI are some combination of known topological insulators with a magnetic ion such as MnBi2Te4. Motivated by the recent success of EuIn2As2, the role of chemical pressure on topologically trivial insulator is investigated, Eu5In2Sb6 via Ga substitution. Eu5Ga2Sb6 is predicted to be topological but is synthetically difficult to stabilize. The intermediate compositions between Eu5In2Sb6 and Eu5Ga2Sb6 are observed through theoretical works to explore a topological phase transition and band inversion mechanism. The band inversion mechanism is attributed to changes in Eu–Sb hybridization as Ga is substituted for In due to chemical pressure. Eu5In4/3Ga2/3Sb6 is also synthesized, the highest Ga concentration in Eu5In2‐xGaxSb6, and report the thermodynamic, magnetic, transport, and Hall properties. Overall, the work paints a picture of a possible MTI via band engineering and explains why Eu‐based Zintl compounds are suitable for the co‐existence of magnetism and topology.
A Wide‐Temperature Adaptive Electrochromic Device Based on a Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(acrylic acid) Gel Electrolyte
Authors: Li Qianwen , Li Jiacheng , Wang Wenqi , Ma Dongyun , Li Guisheng , Wang Jinmin
Published: October 2024

As a promising energy‐saving technology, electrochromic technology has been widely investigated for practical applications. However, there is relatively few research about the applications under certain extreme climatic conditions since gel electrolytes often occur freezing and volatilizing. In this work, a poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PVA/PAA) gel electrolyte with good anti‐freezing and heat‐resistance performance is developed. Utilizing hydrated tungsten oxide (WO3·xH2O) and polyaniline (PANI) as electrochromic materials and the PVA/PAA gel as electrolyte, a WO3·xH2O/PVA/PAA‐ethylene glycol (EG)‐H2O/PANI electrochromic device (WO3·xH2O/PAEH/PANI ECD) is obtained, which can work efficiently at wide operating temperatures from −20 to 60 °C. The device has multiple reversible color changes, a large optical modulation of 66.2% at 600 nm, high coloration efficiency of 386.0 cm2 C−1, fast responses (with coloration/bleaching times of 1.3/1.1 s), as well as excellent cyclic stability (82.0% of the initial optical modulation is still retained after 2100 cycles). This work reveals the potential application prospects of PAEH gel electrolyte in practical extreme operating conditions.
Hyperglycemia Targeting Nanomotors for Accelerated Healing of Diabetic Wounds by Efficient Microenvironment Remodeling
Authors: Lin Jinwei , Lian Chenxi , Xu Leilei , Li Zhengshang , Guan Qiaoxin , Wei Wenying , Dai Honglian , Guan Jianguo
Published: October 2024

Multifunctional nanoagents are robust to remodel environments for managing chronic diabetic wounds. However, their delivery primarily relies on Brownian motion and randomly enhanced diffusion. Here, taking advantage of wound heterogeneity, such as the uneven distribution of glucose, hyperglycemia targeting nanomotors are proposed. They are capable of efficiently targeting hyperglycemic interfaces in diabetic wounds for significantly accelerating their healing by employing endogenous glucose‐activated cascade reactions and responding to local glucose gradients. Compared to previous counterparts, they show a four‐fold enhancement in effective coverage within 60 s and a multiplied accumulation at hyperglycemic interfaces, facilitating deep penetration. Correspondingly, the downregulation of glucose levels is apparently enhanced, while pH‐lowering and oxygen‐supplying are both improved. In comparison to the counterparts delivered by passive diffusion and randomly enhanced diffusion, the hyperglycemia targeting nanomotor‐based spray accelerates the wound healing upon diabetic mice by approximately 30% and 23%, resulting from the restricted inflammatory response, effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels (VEGF). This study presents a generally efficient approach to facilitating the targeted delivery of nanoagents for the effective management of diabetic wounds by utilizing wound heterogeneity, which can be extended to other therapeutic systems.
A Stone‐Cottage‐Inspired Printing Strategy to Build Microsphere Patterned Scaffolds for Accelerated Bone Regeneration
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Wang Xiao , Liu Juan , Liu Kaizheng , Li Shun , Wu Mingming , Wu Zhongqing , Wang Zhenming , Shi Yu , Ruan Changshun
Published: October 2024

The physical microtopography, in an effective and stable manner, can powerfully confer biomaterials with enhanced osteoconduction for the repair of critical‐sized bone defects. However, the realization of the osteoconductive microtopography within a 3D porous scaffold is still unmet. Herein, this work presents a stone‐cottage‐inspired printing strategy to build microsphere patterned scaffolds with a tunable microtopography for accelerated bone regeneration. The customized composite inks of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres as “Stone” and alginate hydrogels as “Mortar” endow the fibers of as‐printed scaffolds with a stable and tunable groove‐ridge microstructure. Owing to this microtopography, microsphere patterned scaffolds significantly promote cell recruitment, immune response, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Meanwhile, compared to 55 and 85 µm, 25 µm width of groove‐ridge microstructure displays the most osteoconduction for repair of critical bone defects. Mechanistically, while cells prefer to adhere to microstructure with a bigger width and higher modulus in the early phase, this microstructure should also act as a barrier for cell growth and its smaller width is more beneficial for cell communication and differentiation in the later phase. Overall, it provides a robust strategy to fabricate the osteoconductive microtopography within a 3D scaffold, broadening the manipulation of physical morphology in tissue engineering.
Pressure‐Induced Capacity Recovery and Performance Enhancements in LTO/NMC‐LCO Batteries
Authors: Chahbaz Ahmed , Luo Yucheng , Stahl Gereon , Ditler Heinrich , Jaumann Tony , Glinka Martin , Lingen Christian , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Li Weihan
Published: October 2024

Lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries are a promising technology, particularly suitable for high‐power applications, owing to their inherent cyclic stability, fast charging capability, and superior safety. However, substantial gas generation and accelerated aging driven by the cathode remain substantial challenges. This study explores the mitigation of these aging mechanisms through the application of external mechanical compression. Continuous pressure of 0.3 MPa applied to pristine cells during cycling reduces capacity loss by 42% compared to unpressurized cells cycled under identical operating conditions. Applying short‐term pressure to aged cells leads to immediate capacity recovery, reclaiming up to 57% of the lost capacity. Subsequent cycling of these aged cells under continuous pressure demonstrates improved capacity retention. In contrast, intermittently applied transient pressure causes notable capacity fluctuations. This study reveals insights into aging and healing mechanisms influenced by external pressure, benefiting both first‐ and second‐life battery applications. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for enhancing performance and lifetime in battery packs, while the findings also highlight promising opportunities for capacity recovery in reused batteries.
A Closed‐Loop Cascade Strategy for On‐Demand Regulation of Uric Acid
Authors: Nie Chenyao , Xu Ji , Zhao Yuhui , Nan Ke , Tan Manqi , Liu Zhaobo , Huang Ming , Ren Wenzhi , Wang Bing
Published: October 2024

Despite that the current anti‐hyperuricemia drugs can effectively reduce uric acid (UA) levels, imprecise medication dosage or uncontrolled lowering of UA levels may result in undesired effects. To address this issue, a closed‐loop cascade strategy based on a biocompatible network composite, NW‐FPNP/uricase (UOX), is proposed for on‐demand regulation of UA levels. NW‐FPNP/UOX is constructed by encapsulation of UOX) as UA‐responsive element and FPNP, a nanoparticle of phenylboronic acid modified xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor febuxostat, as H2O2‐sensitive element with AMP/Gd3+ network. It interrelates the UA metabolization and generation processes into a closed loop of cascade reactions involving UOX‐catalyzed UA metabolization and H2O2 generation, H2O2‐triggered febuxostat regeneration and XOD inhibition, and XOD‐catalyzed UA generation. Through UA level‐dependent auto‐adjustment of XOD activity, specially 6% at 600 × 10−6 m UA compared to 82% at 100 × 10−6 m, UA levels can be regulated to an appropriate range through dynamically balancing UA metabolization and generation. This biocompatible on‐demand UA regulation system prevents the overdose of UA‐lowering medications and avoids hypouricemia in hyperuricemia treatment, demonstrating great potential in intelligent UA level management. This work also introduces a new concept of a closed‐loop cascade strategy for on‐demand regulation of biochemical indicators within specific thresholds.
Engineering Radiocatalytic Nanoliposomes with Hydrophobic Gold Nanoclusters for Radiotherapy Enhancement
Authors: Carigga Gutierrez Nazareth Milagros , Clainche Tristan Le , Bulin Anne‐Laure , Leo Sofia , Kadri Malika , Abdelhamid Ahmed Gamal Ali , Pujol‐Solé Núria , Obaid Girgis , Hograindleur Marc‐André , Gardette Vincent , Busser Benoit , Motto‐Ros Vincent , Josserand Véronique , Henry Maxime , Sancey Lucie , Hurbin Amandine , Elleaume Hélène , Kandiah Eaazhisai , Guével Xavier Le , Coll Jean‐Luc , Broekgaarden Mans
Published: October 2024

Chemoradiation therapy is on the forefront of pancreatic cancer care, and there is a continued effort to improve its safety and efficacy. Liposomes are widely used to improve chemotherapy safety, and may accurately deliver high‐Z element‐ radiocatalytic nanomaterials to cancer tissues. In this study, the interaction between X‐rays and long‐circulating nanoliposome formulations loaded with gold nanoclusters is explored in the context of oxaliplatin chemotherapy for desmoplastic pancreatic cancer. Hydrophobic gold nanoclusters stabilized with dodecanethiol (AuDDT) are efficiently incorporated in nanoliposomal bilayers. AuDDT‐nanoliposomes significantly augmented radiation‐induced •OH production, which is most effective with monochromatic X‐rays at energies that exceed the K‐shell electron binding energy of Au (81.7 keV). Cargo release assays reveal that AuDDT‐nanoliposomes can permeabilize lipid bilayers in an X‐ray dose‐ and formulation‐dependent manner. The radiocatalytic effect of AuDDT‐nanoliposomes significantly augments radiotherapy and oxaliplatin‐chemoradiotherapy outcomes in 3D pancreatic microtumors. The PEGylated AuDDT‐nanoliposomes display high tumor accumulation in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, showing promise for nanoliposomes as carriers for radiocatalytic nanomaterials. Altogether, compelling proof for chemo‐radiation dose‐enhancement using AuDDT‐nanoliposomes is presented. Further improving the nanoliposomal loading of high‐Z elements will advance the safety, efficacy, and translatability of such chemoradiation dose‐enhancement approaches.
Enhanced Terahertz Characterization of Multilayer Graphene on Guided‐Mode Resonance Filter: Boosting Sensitivity and Precision in Electrical and Optical Characteristics
Authors: Bark Hyeon Sang , Park Mun‐Won , Bae Ji Eun , Jang Kyu‐Ha , Jeong Young Uk , Lee Kitae , Rotermund Fabian , Jeon Tae‐In
Published: October 2024

In this study, terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) is employed for the first time to explore the characteristics of mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐layer graphene coated on guided‐mode resonance filters (GMRFs). Owing to high quality‐factor (Q‐factor) resonances of GMRF, the proposed method significantly enhances the resonance depth variation by up to 9.3, 5.1, and 4.2 times at 0.58 THz in TE mode for mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐layer graphene, respectively, in contrast to conventional THz‐TDS methods relying on amplitude variation at 0.50 THz in TE mode. Excellent agreement is observed between experimental results and theoretical simulations using the Kubo formula and Drude model, even accounting for variations in sidelobes at an incident angle of 0.6 degrees. Through meticulous fitting process between measurements and simulations for the resonances formed by the GMRF and graphene, the study accurately determines the electrical and optical properties of mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐layer graphene, including frequency‐dependent sheet conductivity (σs(ω)), mobility (μ), carrier density (N), and Fermi velocity (vF). Furthermore, in the THz high‐frequency region, the observation reveals that as the number of graphene layers increases, the decrease in σs(ω) occurs more rapidly than in single‐layer graphene, attributed to the screening effect arising from electronic interactions between each graphene layer.
Design and Analysis of a 3D Frictional Mechanical Metamaterial for Efficient Energy Dissipation
Authors: Jeong Eunhyeuk , Calius Emilio , Ramezani Maziar
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a novel frictional mechanical metamaterial composed of a central hexagon or re‐entrant honeycomb frame, a lower section with four tapered columns, and an upper portion with a blade shape. When subjected to an external uniaxial force, the 3D structure of the metamaterial utilizes sliding interactions to dissipate frictional energy. The mechanical properties of the proposed metamaterial, such as load‐displacement relationships, hysteresis area, and peak force, can be fine‐tuned by adjusting geometric parameters and constituent materials. Extensive analysis is conducted through experimental compression tests, finite element (FE) simulations, and theoretical modeling. Comparative assessments of the metamaterial's energy dissipation performance demonstrated a good agreement between experimental and simulation results, with minor variations observed for deeper compression cycles. The proposed metamaterial offers the potential for superior elastic energy absorption and dissipation, making it a promising solution for applications requiring repeated energy dissipation or damping under cyclical loads while maintaining a lightweight profile.
Leveraging Phenazine‐Based Ligands for Optimized Perovskite Optoelectronic Performance Through Chelation and Redox Engineering
Authors: Aggarwal Pooja , Chaudhary Ayushi , Singh Siddharth , Singh Ritika Gautam , Govind Rao Vishal
Published: October 2024

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) hold immense potential for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. However, their performance is hindered by surface defects that promote non‐radiative recombination and reduce stability. Surface engineering, particularly through defect passivation, is crucial for achieving high‐performing perovskite solar cells. Chelation has been shown to significantly improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. In this study, a novel chelation strategy using 1,10‐Phenanthroline (Phen) is presented as a bidentate chelating ligand to effectively target and passivate these detrimental surface defects. By strategically designing a Phenanthroline derivative, dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazin‐11‐amine (Phen‐derivative) with optimized redox potentials, dual functionality: efficient defect passivation and hole transport is achieved. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the superior binding capability of the Phen‐derivative due to chelation. This strong interaction facilitates efficient and ultrafast charge transfer from PNCs and the formation of a long‐lived charge‐separated state, as evidenced by sustained bleaching in transient absorption spectra. A metal‐dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazin‐11‐amine complex (Ir‐complex) derived from dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazin‐11‐amine, but lacking a chelation site, hinders desired hole transfer despite similar charge transfer energetics. This work emphasizes the critical role of chelation‐mediated interfacial interactions and energy alignment in designing effective charge shuttle molecules and unlocking the potential of lead‐chelating hole transporters for next‐generation light‐harvesting technologies.
Toward Continuous Electrochemical Synthesis of Ferrate
Authors: Kupec Robin , Plischka Wenzel , Duman Ediz , Schneider Selina , Weidlich Claudia , Keller Robert , Wessling Matthias , Stöckl Markus
Published: October 2024

Ferrate (Fe(VI)) is of great interest in energy storage solutions, organic synthesis, and wastewater treatment due to its decent oxidation potential and non‐toxic end‐product formation, making it a green oxidizer. The electrochemical generation of ferrate in NaOH at current densities of j ≥ 100 mA cm−2 is presented using low‐cost sacrificial iron anodes, mild steel, and spheroidal graphite cast iron (ductile iron). Under optimized reaction parameters with 40 wt.% (14 m) NaOH and a ZrO2‐based diaphragm, spheroidal graphite cast iron shows no signs of passivation in 5 h experiments even at j = 150 mA cm−2. The results are used in a novel electrolysis cell with a combined geometric anode surface area of 230 cm2, incorporated in a mini‐plant suitable for continuous synthesis. This setup produces a peak ferrate concentration of 10.1 g L−1 (84 mm) after 5 h in 1.6 L anolyte volume, resulting in a total ferrate mass of 16.2 g. Optimal electrolysis temperatures are between 35 and 50 °C. The highest current efficiency is 63.0%, and the lowest specific energy consumption is 9.2 kWh kg−1 ferrate. The presented work is an essential step toward the continuous electrochemical synthesis of ferrate using sacrificial anodes under basic conditions.
The Dawning Era of Anticancer Nanomedicines: From First Principles to Application of Silk Nanoparticles
Authors: Matthew Saphia A. L. , Seib F. Philipp
Published: October 2024

This review introduces nanomedicines and medical silks by addressing seminal and recent research within these fields. First, the successes of nanoparticles in improving the safety profiles and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic properties are explored but also the concepts of threshold dosing and targeting of tumor‐associated macrophages. Current barriers to systemic delivery of nanomedicines are detailed and methods to overcome these barriers and increase tumor targeting are evaluated, namely: tuning the nanomedicine size and surface charge for enhanced tumor accumulation and penetration; non‐spherical nanomedicine morphologies for macrophage evasion and targeted delivery to endothelial cells; and, surface functionalization for stealth coatings and targeting receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The advantages of using silk as a nanomedicine with reference to its structure, composition, biological performance, and formulation are discussed. While batch methods for silk processing enable the formation of nano to microparticles, continuous technology can overcome bottlenecks of the deployed engineering methods such as low throughput and poor reproducibility. Finally, the chemical modification of silk using homogeneous and heterogenous chemistries is assessed within the nanomedicine context. Overall, this review covers silk nanomedicines from first principles to carrier design and on to areas of future development.
The Effects of War‐Related Stress on Human Development: Differences in Body Proportions of Polish Women Born Before and During World War II
Authors: Koníková Linda , Liczbińska Grażyna , Králík Miroslav
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aims to explore the lasting effects of stress experienced by pregnant women during World War II (WWII) on body and head measurements of their adult daughters.

Methods

The research sample consists of 336 female university students born in Poland between 1925 and 1951. The data include body measurements and socioeconomic information (parental occupation and number of siblings) acquired from questionnaires collected between the 1950s and 1970s. Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney test and Analysis of Variance were used to analyze differences in body measurements between groups of women born before and during the war, as well as the possible influences of socioeconomic variables.

Results

The mean measurements of body height, symphysion height, and waist circumference were lower in women conceived and born during the war compared to those born in the pre‐war period. In contrast, the mean measurements of biacromial (shoulder) width, trunk length, and three head dimensions were higher in women conceived and born during the war. Additionally, the number of siblings appeared to be a significant factor that may have influenced the body measurements of women in both groups. For instance, a higher number of living siblings, particularly sisters, was associated with reduced body dimensions, such as body height and waist circumference, while a greater number of deceased siblings was linked to an increase in certain body dimensions.

Conclusion

The results suggest that war‐related prenatal conditions may have influenced the postnatal growth and development of women conceived and born during the war. Notably, the direction of these changes varied, which indicates that the growth response to the war‐related conditions was a complex adaptation, reflecting both positive and negative changes in different body parts, rather than a uniform pattern of growth suppression.
Recurrent Increased Nuchal Translucency Led to the Identification of Novel NUP107 Variants
Authors: Atallah Isis , Cisarova Katarina , Guenot Cécile , Dubruc Estelle , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Campos‐Xavier Belinda , Unger Sheila
Published: October 2024

Five percent of fetuses presents increased fetal nuchal translucency. It is a well‐known marker for aneuploidy (T21, Turner syndrome) and a variety of monogenic syndromes such as Noonan syndrome and certain skeletal dysplasias, as well as associated with structural malformations such as congenital heart disease. Current diagnostic algorithms for increased nuchal translucency include a rapid test for aneuploidy (fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH, or quantitative PCR), a cytogenetic analysis (karyotype or chromosomal microarray, CMA) followed by or concurrent with targeted gene panel analysis for RASopathies/Noonan syndrome. Some centers now propose whole exome sequencing as an adjunct, but its usefulness in isolated increased nuchal translucency remains debated. We describe the recurrence of apparently isolated increased nuchal translucency in 2 euploid fetuses. Whole genome sequencing identified two compound heterozygous variants in the NUP107 gene in both fetuses. Biallelic variants in NUP107 are responsible for severe steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome, either isolated or syndromic (Galloway‐Mowat syndrome); in addition to the renal phenotype, the latter also includes intellectual deficiency and dysmorphic features. Pregnancy termination made it impossible to assess whether the NUP107 variants found would have resulted in isolated or syndromic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome. However, identifying the responsible gene improved the accuracy of the genetic counseling. This family is an example of the added benefit of introducing WES/WGS in standardized protocols for prenatal diagnosis of euploid fetuses in “isolated” increased nuchal translucency.
C(sp3)−F Bond Activation by Lewis Base‐Boryl Radicals via Concerted Electron‐Fluoride Transfer
Authors: Guo Xueying , Zhang Yuchen , Lai Xiaoyu , Pang Yubing , Xue Xiao‐Song
Published: October 2024

Selective C−F bond activation through a radical pathway in the presence of multiple C−H bonds remains a formidable challenge, owing to the extraordinarily strong bond strength of the C−F bond. By the aid of density functional theory calculations, we disclose an innovative concerted electron‐fluoride transfer mechanism, harnessing the unique reactivity of Lewis base‐boryl radicals to selectively activate the resilient C−F bonds in fluoroalkanes. This enables the direct abstraction of a fluorine atom and subsequent generation of an alkyl radical, thus expanding the boundaries of halogen atom transfer reactions.
Selective Deuteration and Tritiation of Pharmaceutically Relevant Sulfoximines
Authors: Smith Blair I. P. , Knight Nathan M. L. , Knox Gary J. , Lindsay David M. , Paterson Laura C. , Bergare Jonas , Elmore Charles S. , Bragg Ryan A. , Kerr William J.
Published: October 2024

Pharmaceutical‐aligned research endeavors continue to diversify, including via the installation of new chemical functionality and non‐classical bioisosteres within drug design. With this, an equally high demand emerges for the direct installation of isotopic substituents into these scaffolds within drug discovery programmes, as isotopologues are essential for the elucidation of the biological efficacy and metabolic fate of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The sulfoximine functional group has recently become established as a high‐value unit in this context; however, general and effective methods for the synthesis of deuterium (2H, D) and tritium (3H, T) labelled analogues have remained elusive. Herein, we disclose the design and development of the first iridium‐catalyzed sulfoximine‐directed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) systems that permit the site‐selective integration of a distinguishing atomic label at aromatic C(sp2)−H and more challenging C(sp3)−H moieties. Moreover, we exemplify the broad applicability of these methods within a spectrum of molecular settings, as well as in the late‐stage generation of isotopically‐enriched complex bioactive architectures.
Separating urban heat island circulation and convective cells through dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Sato Takuto , Hino Hideitsu , Kusaka Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

This study applies dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to three‐dimensional simulation results of urban heat island circulation (UHIC, which is horizontal circulation) and thermals (vertical convections). The aim of this study is to revisit how these phenomena coexist based on the characteristics of temporal changes in the flow field. We used DMD to obtain the dominant spatial patterns and information on temporal changes. One of the modes of horizontal wind, which does not change temporally (no oscillation or amplification), exhibits a spatial UHIC pattern. The unique feature of this UHIC mode is that there are small‐scale striated structures (150–200 m) and large‐scale convergence. The other modes are time‐varying (oscillating and decaying) and represent smaller spatial‐scale phenomena (150–250 m), such as thermals. The frequency of each mode takes various values, some of which are lower than the lifetime of thermals in accordance with the Deardorff convective scale (~10 min). These low‐frequency modes showed striated structures similar to that observed in the UHIC modes. These results suggest that UHIC and thermals deform each other through components that vary in long temporal scales.
Parental age at birth, telomere length, and autism spectrum disorders in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Ye Qiaofeng , Apsley Abner T. , Hastings Waylon J. , Etzel Laura , Newschaffer Craig , Shalev Idan
Published: October 2024

Older parental age at birth is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. Independently, shorter telomere length (TL) has also been shown to be associated with ASD in children. However, older paternal age at birth, with or without controlling for maternal age, has been associated with longer TL, a seemingly contradictory finding. Here, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among participants in the UK Biobank to disentangle associations between leukocyte TL and ASD status in adults, and the potential moderation by parental age on adult offspring's TL. Participants with ASD diagnosis (N = 87) with a mean age of 46.0 (SD 4.4) years were matched to participants without ASD diagnosis (N = 870) based on age, sex, ethnicity, education, household income, and assessment center. No statistically significant differences were seen in TL between participants with and without ASD when parental age at birth was not considered. However, there was a significant interaction between ASD diagnostic status and parental age on participants' TL, such that older paternal or maternal age at birth was more strongly associated with longer TL in participants with ASD. This study suggests that the shortened TL observed in children with ASD in previous research may partially depend on parental age at birth. Future studies tracking TL attrition before ASD diagnosis are warranted to depict temporal associations and the interacting effects of parental age at birth and ASD status on TL across the lifespan.
Estimating the Sampling Distribution of Posterior Decision Summaries in Bayesian Clinical Trials
Authors: Golchi Shirin , Willard James J.
Published: October 2024

Bayesian inference and the use of posterior or posterior predictive probabilities for decision making have become increasingly popular in clinical trials. The current practice in Bayesian clinical trials relies on a hybrid Bayesian‐frequentist approach where the design and decision criteria are assessed with respect to frequentist operating characteristics such as power and type I error rate conditioning on a given set of parameters. These operating characteristics are commonly obtained via simulation studies. The utility of Bayesian measures, such as “assurance,” that incorporate uncertainty about model parameters in estimating the probabilities of various decisions in trials has been demonstrated. However, the computational burden remains an obstacle toward wider use of such criteria. In this article, we propose methodology which utilizes large sample theory of the posterior distribution to define parametric models for the sampling distribution of the posterior summaries used for decision making. The parameters of these models are estimated using a small number of simulation scenarios, thereby refining these models to capture the sampling distribution for small to moderate sample size. The proposed approach toward the assessment of conditional and marginal operating characteristics and sample size determination can be considered as simulation‐assisted rather than simulation‐based. It enables formal incorporation of uncertainty about the trial assumptions via a design prior and significantly reduces the computational burden for the design of Bayesian trials in general.
Spectrofluorometric Turn‐Off Sensing Probe for Tolmetin Determination Using Cerium and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Dots
Authors: Mabrouk Mokhtar M. , Mansour Fotouh R. , Hassan Hamsa B. , Abdella Aya A.
Published: October 2024

A facile, low‐cost, and rapid method was developed for spectrofluorometric determination of tolmetin (TOL) using highly fluorescent (QY = 35%) cerium and nitrogen codoped carbon dots (Ce–NCDs) sensing platform prepared by one‐step hydrothermal method. Owing to the severe overlap between TOL absorption and Ce–NCDs excitation spectra around 320 nm, TOL could attenuate the emission of Ce–NCDs at 407 nm through primary inner filter effect (IFE). This concentration dependent attenuation was linear between 2 and 10 μg/mL (r = 0.9993) with a limit of detection of 0.5 μg/mL. The sensor showed very good accuracy (% recovery = 98%–100%) and precision (%RSD < 2). The developed sensing strategy was successfully applied for TOL detection as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in pharmaceutical formulation and as a potential pollutant in environmental water samples, such as tap and river water, with acceptable recovery and considerable selectivity. Thus, the direct single‐step spectrofluorometric determination of TOL was enabled without extensive processing or chemical derivatization.
State of art review on sustainable manufacturing and Industry 4.0
Authors: Harikannan Nagarajan , Vinodh Sekar
Published: October 2024

Industry 4.0 refers to a set of technologies that facilitate the development of value chain, resulting in shorter lead times, higher quality products and better organisational performance. These innovative smart technologies have the potential to address widespread sustainability concerns, while having the capacity to enhance production, and can morally impact sustainable development. Recently, manufacturing sector has vital influence on environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainability, owing to their substantial demands on energy, water, materials and other resources. The goal of this study is to analyse sustainable manufacturing and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) research studies with an emphasis on manufacturing domain. To clarify how these revolutionary technologies might affect sustainability of manufacturing industries, systematic literature review (SLR) of prior studies on sustainable manufacturing and I4.0 featuring from its conception to performance measures was done. To conduct the review, literature search was directed using SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. A total of 442 articles that were published in reputed journals between 2009 and 2022 were shortlisted for comprehensive review. The study conclusions gave vital information on several viewpoints of sustainable I4.0 in manufacturing organisation. A conceptual framework with five layers based on SLR was established to direct and aid manufacturing industries towards sustainable I4.0 implementation. The framework supports manufacturing sector to focus on sustainable I4.0 for sustainable economic value creation and development using digital technologies.
How Mattering and Anti‐Mattering Experiences Across Offline and Online Environments Contribute to People's Digital Life Balance and Social Media Addiction
Authors: Duradoni Mirko , Severino Franca Paola , Bellotti Martina , Guazzini Andrea
Published: October 2024

In today's world, internet use has been evaluated as a factor that tremendously affects people's lives. More recently, evidence has been presented on the role that social‐level factors play in determining the dysfunctional use of new technologies, such as the need for social recognition. This study examines the concept of ‘mattering’ and its counterpart ‘anti‐mattering’ to understand how offline and online social experiences, along with need satisfaction, influence digital life balance and social media addiction. Three hundred participants (78.3% women; Mage = 24.92 years, SD = 7.49) participated in the data collection. This cross‐sectional explorative study revealed that people Satisfied Online (i.e., subjects who satisfy their need to be important only online) are more likely to develop social media addiction and an imbalance between offline and online life than those who are Fully Satisfied, Fully Unsatisfied, and Satisfied Offline based on correlation and ANOVA analyses. In conclusion, the results of this study support the idea that the human need for social connection and social recognition are critical in shaping our relationship with emerging communication technologies, both toward functional and dysfunctional use.
Mask Wearing Fosters Relaxation and Store Engagement in an Offline‐Retail Context
Authors: Yang Lu , Tang Lingyi , Huang Yunhui
Published: October 2024

Wearing a mask or face covering can serve not only as a health defense measure or a requirement for certain activities and rituals, but can also influence consumer purchasing behavior. This research examines whether, how, and when mask wearing fosters store engagement (e.g., higher intention to try on, longer staying time, and higher repeat patronage intention). Building on social observation and social monitoring theory, we conducted five studies and found that mask wearing leads consumers to perceive they are being observed/evaluated less and therefore to feel more relaxed; this feeling in turn leads to greater store engagement, especially for those who are high in self‐monitoring. Studies 1–3 indicate that consumers who wear (vs. not wear) masks generate higher engagement across different shopping contexts, demonstrate the proposed mechanism through serial mediation while ruling out alternative explanations, and show that being observed/evaluated less has a unique effect beyond perceived invulnerability to viruses on feelings of relaxation. Study 4 demonstrates the moderating role of self‐monitoring, such that this effect diminishes when consumers are low in self‐monitoring. Finally, Study 5 generalizes the mask‐wearing effect using a different facial covering situation. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Online Impulse Buying: A Systematic Review of 25 Years of Research Using Meta Regression
Authors: Anoop T. S. , Rahman Zillur
Published: October 2024

In the dynamic realm of online commerce, the phenomenon of Online Impulse Buying (OIB) has become a focal point of extensive research. Despite the multitude of studies exploring antecedents, mediators, and moderating factors, inconsistencies in findings have hindered generalization. To bridge this gap, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis, synthesizing data from 84 empirical results across 75 research articles up to December 2023. Encompassing a cumulative sample size of 139,545 participants and 341 effects, our analysis aimed to evaluate the strength and significance of associations with OIB. Results revealed substantial influences on OIB, with Situational stimuli (ESr = 0.477), Marketing stimuli (ESr = 0.433), Customer related factors (ESr = 0.388), and Platform related factors (ESr = 0.362) emerging as key contributors. The heightened impact of situational and marketing stimuli reflects the evolving landscape of OIB. Additionally, we explored six potential moderators—culture, sample type, sampling method, online commerce type, and data collection technique—uncovering statistically significant effects on some aggregated correlations. By shedding light on the changing dynamics of OIB, our findings provide valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners navigating the intricate landscape of online impulse buying. Finally, we outline future research directions to guide ongoing exploration in this rapidly evolving field.
High‐Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Ocotea diospyrifolia (Meisn.) Mez Leaves
Authors: Alves Matheus Fernandes , Katchborian Neto Albert , Casoti Rosana , Leite Fernanda Brito , de Paula Ana Claudia Chagas , Dias Danielle Ferreira , Soares Marisi Gomes , Arruda Sanchez Tiago , de Paula Daniela Aparecida Chagas
Published: October 2024

Ocotea is an important genus of Lauraceae plant family that comprises over 400 species, many of which pose challenges in taxonomic differentiation due to their complex botanical characteristics. Chemosystematics, and more recently, chemophenetics, have emerged as valuable tools to address these challenges based on their natural products (NPs) composition. O. diospyrifolia (Meisn.) Mez is a poorly studied species with known pharmacological potential. Here, we applied ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS) allied to a curated in‐house database with all previous isolated NPs from the Ocotea genus (OcoteaDB), gas phase fragmentations reactions, and biosynthesis. The strategy resulted in compounds annotated in confidence levels 2 (n=27), 3 (n=231), and 4 (n=21) according to the Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI). Additional annotations based on fragmentation proposals (n=16) were also included. The study revealed that O. diospyrifolia is a great alkaloid producer, even though different lignoids, which also comes from the shikimate pathway, were annotated. Additionally, the flavonoid profile predominantly consists of flavonol glycosides, complementing prior reports. This study provides the first comprehensive chemical profile of O. diospyrifolia leaves, which corroborates the chemotaxonomy of the species, and also contributes to further characterization studies, as the UHPLC‐HRMS data is publicly available.