bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust regression modelling for inflation factor in the Indonesian economy development
Authors: Sofro A’yunin , Azzahro Ika Aprilia Rizka , Khikmah Khusnia Nurul , Nunkaw Orasa
Published: April 2024

Inflation is a general and continuous increase in the prices of goods and services over a while. Inflation is measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) indicator to calculate the average price change of a package of goods and services households consume over time. Inflation in Indonesia is not in a precarious condition. However, it also states that inflation in Indonesia could rise. This rise can affect the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, Indonesia needs to have inflation data scrutinized every year. This study aims to examine and show the factors that affect inflation. Robust regression is an important method to analyze data contaminated by outliers and provide more flexible results. So that it can produce robust regression models and determine what factors significantly affect inflation in Indonesia by the research objectives, this study’s research type is experimental research with literature studies. The variable used is Inflation in Indonesia, which is the dependent variable of the study, and the other four independent variables are export value, interest rate, money supply, and exchange rate. After that, a robust regression model with maximum likelihood type (M) estimation, scale (S) estimation, and least median of squares (LMS) estimation will be obtained, and the best model will be selected. The results show that the least median of squares (LMS) estimation is the best with the acquisition of an Akaike information criteria value of -390.1363. Furthermore, the high and low inflation in 20182022 is influenced by interest rates, money supply and export value.
Comparative analysis of deviation in high buildings based on earthquake load SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2019
Authors: Nadiar Feriza , Zega Berkat Cipta , Dani Hasan , Suprapto  , Sari Satriana Fitri Mustika , Prasetyono Puguh Novi , Zulfikar Anggi Rahmad
Published: April 2024

In 2019 the National Standardization Agency (BSN) issued the latest Indonesian National Standard (SNI), namely SNI 1726:2019 concerning Procedures for Planning Earthquake Resistance for Building Structures and No Buildings. SNI 1726:2019 is a revision of SNI 1726:2012. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of displacement ratio in tall buildings between using SNI for Planning Procedures for Earthquake Resistance for Building Structures and Building Structures SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2019. The method used in this research is data analysis using numerical methods. Data analysis by analyzing steel building structures and modeling steel building designs using SAP2000. The results of the analysis show that the comparison of drift between floors in buildings using SNI 2012 and SNI 2019 is not very significant and is still within the allowable deviation limits.
Designing a portable solar generator for emergencies
Authors: Widyartono Mahendra , Aribowo Widi , Rahmadian Reza , Wardani Ayusta Lukita , Hermawan Aditya Chandra
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is a country made up of thousands of islands. Indonesia is located between four tectonic plates, the Indian Ocean Plate, and the Pacific Ocean Plate, the Asian Continental Plate, and the Australian Continental Plate. Geographically, the territory of Indonesia is in the series of Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire, also called the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a 40,000 km-long chain of volcanoes and seismically active sites spanning the Pacific Ocean. This condition is very potential as well as prone to disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides. The impact of this disaster can make it difficult to access clean water, electricity, and fuel oil networks. Access to electricity is not available because the power grid is cut. The purpose of this research is to be able to provide first aid in terms of electricity so that it can relieve victims of natural disasters or volunteers who work to evacuate victims. The output targeted in this research is a Portable Solar Generator that can be used in an emergency by disaster-affected victims or by volunteers. With a 35-watt load, it could operate for 5 hours 30 minutes and with 55 Watt load it can operate for 3 hours. In terms of recharging time, the charging process using a 50 Wp solar panel takes approximately 7 hours, this is because the charging process is carried out outside the building according to actual conditions.
Developing a machine for peeling, fracturing, and separating dry soybean skins with electric blower technology to boost the production of soy-based materials
Authors: Wibowo Theodorus Wiyanto , Yunus  , Pangesthi Lucia Tri , Arizal Heru , Pambudi Rizdana Galih
Published: April 2024

Soybean is a commodity that plays an important role in the sustainable food and agriculture sector. As a result, various businesses are involved in the processing of soy foods. The problem in the soybean processing business is that the process of peeling, cracking, and separating the soybean epidermis is usually done by hand or using a simple machine. The aim of this study was to develop a machine for peeling, breaking and separating dry soybean husk based on electric blower technology and having the following specifications: (a) dimensions 850 x 700 x 1200 mm; (b) production capacity of 250 kg/hour; (c) roller wheel clearance mechanism; (d) the mechanism for removing raw materials from the grinding chamber; (5) The separating mechanism in the Formula is used to calculate the capacity of the testing machine, the success rate of stripping, and the efficiency of testing the epidermis with a blower. The findings obtained in the evaluation of the performance production capacity of the machine with an average yield of 213.048 kg/hour and testing the efficiency of the blower on the epidermis got an average value of 83.84% and testing the success rate of stripping using a machine got an average value of 74.03%.
Design and build Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) for Athlete students
Authors: Yuningsih Erwin , Biyantoro Gigih Adjie , Sugiharto Eko , Utomo M. Wahyu , Pangestu Nilam Ade
Published: April 2024

Optimization of student achievement is carried out with various efforts, including participating in training for preparation for achievement matches. Students of the Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences (FIKK) Surabaya State University (Unesa) who attend training often apply for dispensation not to attend lectures. This has an impact on the quality of learning because students are constrained by place and time so they cannot attend lectures and are only given assignments. So, a system is needed so that student-athletes can take online lectures that are more flexible in time and place. But, FIKK Unesa does not yet have an online lecture system for students. Therefore, this study aims to design and build a Moodle learning management system for student-athletes at FIKK Unesa. The method used in designing and creating the system is waterfall using the Moodle LMS framework. The results showed that the Moodle LMS that had been designed and built could run and function properly.
Review of MIG and TIG welding current variation of low-carbon steel materials based on tensile strength
Authors: Drastiawati Novi Sukma , Zakiyya Hanna , Yunitasari Bellina , Ningsih Tri Hartutuk , Gumara Rizaldy Achmad , Anggoro Bagus Prasetyo
Published: April 2024

SS400 and ASTM A36 a low-carbon steel materials that are used in the industry in the connection process to create materials according to the design. The aim of this research is to review the mechanical properties that occur in low-carbon steel materials in the MIG and TIG welding process with current variations and provide advice on low-carbon steel in welding. The materials used are ASTM A 36 and SS 304 steel. MIG welding uses a plate with a thickness of 6mm and uses AWS A5.18 ER 705-6 electrode diameter of 1.2mm. TIG welding uses a cylinder with a diameter of 6mm. The method of this review reported the tensile strength of low-carbon steel ASTM A36 with current variations of 150, 155, and 160A for MIG. Current variations of SS304 low-carbon steel are 80, 100, and 120A for TIG. The result of tensile strength with the MIG process produces the highest average current of 150 A of 354.92MPa. The results of tensile strength TIG process for 100A of 1007.31 MPa. The suggestion of this review is in MIG welding a greater current is required to obtain a high tensile strength value than the current required for TIG welding on low-carbon steel ASTM A 36 with a carbon content of 0.29% C and on SS304 with a carbon content of 0.042% - 0.07% C. Welding for stainless steel material can be used on TIG welding to get maximum tensile strength values. For ASTM A36 steel materials, MIG welding can be an option.
Diversity of marine bivalves of Madura Island, Indonesia based on the collections of Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense
Authors: Ambarwati Reni , Isnaningsih Nur Rohmatin , Alyani Dianah Filzan
Published: April 2024

Bivalves (group of clams, mussels, cockles, etc.) are members of the Mollusca phylum, widespread in Indonesian waters. Madura Island is one of the large islands in the eastern part of Java Island, Indonesia. The Zoologicum Bogoriense Museum has the authority to store scientific collections, thus the specimens stored in this museum can serve as identification references as well as provide data on the richness of bivalves in a particular area. The purpose of this study was to describe the richness of marine bivalves on Madura Island, Indonesia based on the collections of the Muzeum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). This research method was insitu observational by examining a collection of bivalves in MZB until August 2017. The research data obtained were then analyzed descriptive-quantitatively. The results revealed that based on the collection of specimens of MZB, there were thirty-six species of marine bivalves belonging to fourteen bivalve families in Madura, namely Arcidae, Carditidae, Donacidae, Glycymerididae, Isognomonidae, Mactridae, Malleidae, Mytilidae, Pectinidae, Pinnidae, Psammobiidae, Pteriidae, Spondylidae and Veneridae. Field works need to be carried out to inventory the bivalves found on Madura Island.
Perceptions of pre-service elementary school teachers toward education for sustainable development through character education
Authors: Satianingsih Rarasaning , Rosmiati  , Satriawan Muhammad , Rakhman Fathor
Published: April 2024

This study aims to explore the perceptions of pre-service elementary school teachers towards the concept of education for sustainable development through character education. This study is a descriptive research in which the object of research is 142 pre-service elementary school teachers at one of the universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 6 structured questions and 1 open-ended question that was distributed through Google form. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Based on the results of data analysis, most of the respondents agreed that education for sustainable development through character education is very important in primary schools Introduction. In addition, aspects that need to be considered in implementing education for sustainable development through character education are the formation of attitudes and values, environmental awareness, social skills development, and holistic learning experiences.
Patient education teleconsultations for inflammatory rheumatic disease: an opinion survey
Authors: Lefeuvre Léa , Vinadelle Camille , Thomann Claire , Goupille Philippe , Le Goff Benoit , Mulleman Denis , Griffoul Isabelle
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The recent context of the pandemic has increased the use of telemedicine including patient education (PE) session. We surveyed the opinion of our patients regarding the establishment of PE via teleconsultation. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, cohort study of patients followed for inflammatory rheumatic disease and seen at least once in a face-to-face (F2F) PE session from 2019 to 2020. Demographic data were extracted from the medical file. We asked participants about their satisfaction on F2F PE sessions and their opinion of PE teleconsultation. Results: We included 186 participants; 143 (77%) were very satisfied with the face-to-face PE sessions. For participants who mentioned restrictions in attending these sessions (n = 72; 39%), the main problems seemed to be geographical isolation (n = 54; 75%) and scheduling issues (n = 9; 12%). Concerning the first F2F PE session, 77/186 (41%) participants would have preferred teleconsultation, potentially in their pharmacy. Regarding an optional collective PE, 81/186 (44%) would rather have had a teleconsultation session. Conclusion: Our study confirms that patients are interested in PE teleconsultation sessions which could lead to lower geographical isolation and scheduling concerns. They would also help reduce health costs and inequalities, including access to medical care in some areas.
Therapie einer Jugendlichen mit M. Osgood-Schlatter nach dem Strickland
Protokoll
Authors: Worni Angela
Published: April 2024

Anna ist ein sportlich aktives Mädchen. Doch seit geraumer Zeit klagt sie über Kniebeschwerden, die immer
schlimmer werden. Sie hat keinen Spaß mehr am Sporttreiben. Physiotherapeutin Angela Worni erklärt in
ihrem Fallbeispiel, wie die optimale Therapie bei M. Osgood-Schlatter aussieht – und auf welche
Schwierigkeiten sie bei der Umsetzung gestoßen ist.
Einsatz von Antibiotikum zur perioperativen Infektprophylaxe in der
elektiven Handgelenksarthroskopie: Eine deutschlandweite
Befragung
Authors: Demmer Wolfram , Meyer Emanuel , Volkmer Elias , Ehrl Denis , Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth M. , Kuhlmann Constanze , Giunta Riccardo E. , Wachtel Nikolaus
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund Die Handgelenksarthroskopie (HG-ASK) ist ein handchirurgisches
Standardverfahren zur Diagnose und Behandlung von Handgelenksbeschwerden. Obwohl
für elektive handchirurgische Eingriffe die perioperative Antibiotikagabe zur
Infektprophylaxe (PAP) nicht allgemein empfohlen wird, gibt es bezüglich der
elektiven HG-ASK keinen offiziellen Standard. In dieser Studie sollte daher die
tatsächliche klinische Anwendung von PAP bei elektiven HG-ASK in Deutschland
ermittelt und in Bezug zu den strukturellen Voraussetzungen der durchführenden
Kliniken gesetzt werden.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine systematische Recherche aller
Einrichtungen in Deutschland, die HG-ASK anbieten, durchgeführt. Unter diesen
wurde eine Online-Umfrage mit dem Online-Tool SoSci Survey per E-mail
durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Von 396 befragten Einrichtungen nahmen 84 (21,2%) an der
Umfrage teil. Eine PAP wird häufiger bei gleichzeitigen Eingriffen an Knochen
verabreicht. Im Falle einer PAP-Gabe werden Cephalosporine mit Abstand am
häufigsten verwendet. In Krankenhäusern wird häufiger PAP verabreicht als in der
ambulanten Versorgung, wobei sich die meisten befragten Institutionen bei der
Antibiotikagabe an einrichtungsspezifischen internen Standards orientieren. Die
Anzahl der durchgeführten Arthroskopien in den befragten Zentren hat keinen
Einfluss auf die Antibiotikagabe.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Anwendung von PAP bei Handgelenksarthroskopien ist
in Deutschland uneinheitlich. Die vermehrte Anwendung bei Arthroskopien mit
knöcherner Beteiligung entspricht den AWMF-Leitlinien, eine generelle Empfehlung
zu Handgelenksarthroskopien inklusive Weichteilarthroskopien ist aber notwendig,
um den behandelnden Ärzten Behandlungs- und medizinrechtliche Sicherheit zu
geben.
Hepatitis E and diaphragmatic dysfunction: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Westhoff Michael , Arias Andres , Litterst Patric
Published: April 2024

Introduction The causes of diaphragmatic paresis are manifold. An association between neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been reported. We wondered about the prevalence of diaphragmatic disfunction and hepatitis E infection in our clinic.

Methods From July 1st, 2020 to August 31st, 2023, patients presenting with diaphragmatic dysfunction and simultaneous clinical symptoms of an acute NA, or a history of NA, as well as patients with previously unexplained diaphragmatic dysfunction were examined for HEV infection.

Results By August 31st, 2023, 13 patients with diaphragmatic dysfunction and HEV infection were diagnosed (4 women, 9 men). Mean age was 59 ± 10 years. Liver values were normal in all patients. The median latency to diagnosis was five months (range: 1–48 months); nine patients, 4 of them with typical symptoms of NA, presented with acute onset three patients showed bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction. All patients had a positive IgG immunoblot. Seven patients, three with NA, had an elevated hepatitis E IgM titer and six of them also a positive IgM immunoblot. In all cases, O2C hepatitis genotype 3 was identified. In eight cases, all those with a high IgG titer >125, the O2 genotype 1 was also detected.

Conclusion NA that shows involvement of the phrenic nerve resulting in diaphragmatic dysfunction and dyspnoea, may be associated with HEV infection. The observation of 13 patients with diaphragmatic dysfunctions and HEV infection within a period of three years indicates a high number of undetected HEV-associated diaphragmatic dysfunction in the population, especially in the absence of NA symptoms. Therefore, even in diaphragmatic dysfunction without NA symptoms and causative damaging event, HEV infection should be considered, as it may represent a subform of NA with only phrenic nerve involvement. Therapy of HEV-associated diaphragmatic dysfunction in the acute phase is an open question. In view of the poor prognosis for recovery, antiviral therapy should be discussed. However, no relevant data are currently available.
Síndrome de aprisionamento da artéria poplítea como diagnóstico diferencial de dor no joelho: Um relato de caso
Authors: Rosa Antuny Rodrigues , Cé Hamilton Santos , Marchini Ana Clara Monteiro , Lopetegui Anna Katarina Menegon , Padilha Anna Luiza Lunardelli , Bianchini Gustavo Rosa
Published: April 2024

A síndrome do aprisionamento da artéria poplítea possui causas congênitas e funcionais, acometendo, em grande parte, a população mais jovem. Existem seis tipos de síndrome, sendo o caso relatado classificado como tipo III, isto é, o músculo gastrocnêmio apresenta variação anatômica, com banda acessória que se insere lateralmente no côndilo femoral, comprimindo a artéria poplítea. A paciente apresentou sintomatologia característica, com claudicação intermitente, parestesia e ausência de fluxo sanguíneo nas artérias tibiais posteriores e pediosas quando submetida à dorsiflexão e flexão plantar do pé direito, além de dor em face posterior do joelho durante a realização do exame físico. O diagnóstico foi complementado por exames de imagem, sendo o método de escolha a ressonância magnética, capaz de identificar alterações vasculares nas estruturas adjacentes à vasculatura na fossa poplítea. O tratamento é cirúrgico e visa tanto o alívio dos sintomas quanto a prevenção de complicações, pois, a ressecção da banda acessória do músculo gastrocnêmio permitiu boa evolução do quadro da paciente. Há que se pontuar que a literatura existente sobre o tema é escassa, mas a conduta adotada no caso em questão converge com as demais publicações encontradas. O relato apresentado é importante para a compreensão da síndrome como diagnóstico diferencial da dor no joelho.
Phenotypic Variability Related to Mutations in Riboflavin Transporter in Brazilian Children: Pediatric Case Series
Authors: Marques Izabela Cristina Macedo , Santos Mara Lúcia Schmitz Ferreira , Fidalski Solena Ziemer Kusma , de Souza Josiane , do Valle Daniel Almeida
Published: April 2024

Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome or riboflavin transporter deficiency is a rare and genetically determined condition that results in a spectrum of neurological signs and symptoms from generalized muscle weakness to cranial nerve involvement with medullary symptoms and respiratory failure. Most patients have SLC52A3 gene biallelic variants, but some of them may have impairment of SLC52A2 gene, both related to the cell transport of riboflavin. We report the case of three unrelated Brazilian patients under 18 years of age with this diagnosis confirmed by molecular genetic sequencing. We observed that the clinical manifestations found were compatible with those already described in the literature by age group. Unusual findings of retinitis pigmentosa and immunodeficiency were identified related to pathogenic variants in the SLC52A2 gene. All patients received riboflavin replacement at a therapeutic dose without gastrointestinal intolerance and with clinical improvement after starting treatment.
Miniature soft robots modeled after microorganisms
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: April 2024

Magnetic soft robotic swimmers are reliable and fully controllable, allowing them to have widespread biomedical and microfluidic applications
Visualization of surface discharge area in SF6 based on infrared trap
Authors: Yang Xinzhi , Bao Peng , Li Xing , Li Nengchang , Lei Binghui , Zhang Shilu , Ding Dengwei , Xu Chao
Published: April 2024

A method for visualization of surface discharge area in SF6 based on infrared trap is proposed in this study. The infrared images of a heated insulator with a surface defect under different applied voltages were studied, and the infrared trap phenomenon was observed in the infrared image. When partial discharge occurs on the heated insulator surface, a spindle shaped infrared trap will be formed at the end of the defect. In the infrared trap area, the apparent temperature measured using the infrared camera decreases compared to that without discharge. The infrared trap area corresponds to surface discharge area. With the increase in the applied voltage, the discharge becomes more severe, the infrared trap area gradually expands, and the trap depth also increases. This infrared trap phenomenon found in this study can serve as a method to visualize the surface discharge area in SF6 gas.
The nonexistence of a paddlewheel effect in superionic conductors
Authors: Jun KyuJung , Lee Byungju , L. Kam Ronald , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: April 2024

Since the 1980s, the paddlewheel effect has been suggested as a mechanism to boost lithium-ion diffusion in inorganic materials via the rotation of rotor-like anion groups. However, it remains unclear whether the paddlewheel effect, defined as large-angle anion group rotations assisting Li hopping, indeed exists; furthermore, the physical mechanism by which the anion-group dynamics affect lithium-ion diffusion has not yet been established. In this work, we differentiate various types of rotational motions of anion groups and develop quaternion-based algorithms to detect, quantify, and relate them to lithium-ion motion in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our analysis demonstrates that, in fact, the paddlewheel effect, where an anion group makes a large angle rotation to assist a lithium-ion hop, does not exist and thus is not responsible for the fast lithium-ion diffusion in superionic conductors, as historically claimed. Instead, we find that materials with topologically isolated anion groups can enhance lithium-ion diffusivity via a more classic nondynamic soft-cradle mechanism, where the anion groups tilt to provide optimal coordination to a lithium ion throughout the hopping process to lower the migration barrier. This anion-group disorder is static in nature, rather than dynamic and can explain most of the experimental observations. Our work substantiates the nonexistence of the long-debated paddlewheel effect and clarifies any correlation that may exist between anion-group rotations and fast ionic diffusion in inorganic materials.
Spectral characteristics of laser-plasma instabilities with a broadband laser
Authors: Xu 许 Guo-Xiao 国潇 , Kang 康 Ning 宁 , Lei 雷 An-Le 安乐 , Liu 刘 Hui-Ya 会亚 , Zhao 赵 Yao 耀 , Zhou 周 Shen-Lei 申蕾 , An 安 Hong-Hai 红海 , Xiong 熊 Jun 俊 , Wang 王 Rui-Rong 瑞荣 , Xie 谢 Zhi-Yong 志勇 , Zhou 周 Xi-Chen 熙晨 , Fang 方 Zhi-Heng 智恒 , Wang 王 Wei 伟
Published: April 2024

Recent experimental progresses regarding broadband laser-plasma instabilities (LPIs) show that a 0.6% laser bandwidth can reduce backscatters of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) at normal incidence [Phys. Rev. Lett.
132 035102 (2024)]. In this paper, we present a further discussion of the spectral distributions of the scatters developed by broadband LPIs, in addition to a brief validation of the effectiveness of bandwidth on LPIs mitigation at oblique incidence. SBS backscatter has a small redshift in the broadband case contrary to the blueshift with narrowband laser, which may be explained by the self-cross beam energy transfer between the various frequency components within the bandwidth. SRS backscatter spectrum presents a peak at a longer wavelength in the broadband case compared to the short one in the narrowband case, which is possibly attributed to the mitigation effect of bandwidth on filaments at underdense plasmas. The three-halves harmonic emission (3ω/2) has a one-peak spectral distribution under the broadband condition, which is different from the two-peak distribution under the narrowband condition, and may be related to the spectral mixing of different frequency components within the bandwidth if the main sources of the two are both two-plasmon decays.
Systematic investigation of nucleon optical model potentials in (p, d) transfer reactions*
Authors: Chen 陈 Silu 思璐 , Liu 刘 Zixuan 子旋 , Zhang 张 Zhi 智 , Xu 续 Ruirui 瑞瑞 , Pang 庞 Danyang 丹阳 , Xu 许 Yiping 祎萍
Published: April 2024

The consistent three-body model reaction methodology (TBMRM) proposed by J. Lee et al. [ Phys. Rev. C 69, 064313 (2004); Phys. Rev. C 73, 044608 (2006); Phys. Rev. C 75, 064320 (2007)], which includes adopting the simple zero-range adiabatic wave approximation, constraining the single-particle potentials using modern Hartree–Fock calculations, and using global nucleon optical model potential (OMP) geometries, are widely applied in systematic studies of transfer reactions. In this study, we investigate the influence of different nucleon OMPs in extracting spectroscopic factors (SFs) from (

) reactions. Our study covers 32 sets of angular distribution data of (

) reactions on four targets and a large range of incident energies (20-200 MeV/nucleon). This study uses two semi-microscopic nucleon OMPs, i.e., Jeukenne, Lejeune, and Mahaux (JLM) [Phys. Rev. C 16, 80 (1977); Phys. Rev. C 58, 1118 (1998)] and CTOM [Phys. Rev. C 94, 034606 (2016)], and a pure microscopic nucleon potential, i.e., WLH [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 182502 (2021)]. The results are compared with those using the phenomenological global optical potential KD02 [Nucl. Phys. A 713, 231 (2003)]. We find that the incident energy dependence of spectroscopic factors extracted from (

) reactions is evidently suppressed when microscopic OMPs are employed for 12C, 28Si, and 40Ca. In addition, spectroscopic factors extracted using the systematic microscopic optical potential CTOM based on the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory are more in line with the results obtained from (

) measurements, except for 16O and 40Ca at high energies (> 100 MeV), necessitating an exact treatment of double-magic nuclei. The results obtained by using the pure microscopic optical potential, WLH, based on the EFT theory show the same trend as those of CTOM but are generally higher. The JLM potential, which relies on simplified nuclear matter calculations with old-fashioned bare interactions, produces results that are very similar to those of the phenomenological potential KD02. Our results indicate that modern microscopic OMPs are reliable tools for probing the nuclear structure using transfer reactions across a wide energy range.
Stress spatial distributions, the Gutenberg–Richter and Omori–Utsu laws
Authors: Pétrélis François , Chanard Kristel , Schubnel Alexandre , Hatano Takahiro
Published: April 2024

We investigate several earthquake models in one and two dimensions of space and analyze in these models the stress spatial distribution. We show that the statistical properties of stress distribution are responsible for the distribution of earthquake magnitudes, as described by the Gutenberg–Richter (GR) law. A series of predictions is made based on the analogies between the stress profile and one-dimensional random curves or two-dimensional random surfaces. These predictions include theb-value, which determines the ratio of small to large seismic events and, in two-dimensional models, we predict the existence of aftershocks and their temporal distribution, known as the Omori–Utsu law. Both the GR and Omori–Utsu law are properties which have been extensively validated by earthquake observations in nature.
Hybrid designs and kick-off batch production experience for the CMS Phase-2 Upgrade
Authors: Kovacs M. , Abbas M. , Ahmed I. , Blanchot G. , Honma A. , La Rosa A. , Mateos Dominguez I. , Klein K. , Mohammadi Najafabadi M. , Schleidweiler K. , Szydlik P. , Zografos A. ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: April 2024

The CMS Tracker Phase-2 Upgrade requires the production of new sensor modules to cope with the requirements of the HL-LHC. The two main building blocks of the Outer Tracker are the Strip-Strip and Pixel-Strip modules. All-together 47'520 hybrid circuits will be produced to construct 8'000 Strip-Strip and 5'880 Pixel-Strip modules. The circuit designs for the mass production were fine-tuned and kick-off batches were manufactured to verify the latest changes in the designs before the series production. This contribution focuses on lessons learned from the prototyping stage, design optimization details for the mass production as well as test results and production yield from the kick-off batches.
Characterisation of Redlen HF-CdZnTe at > 106 ph s-1 mm-2 using HEXITECMHz
Authors: Cline B.D. , Banks D. , Bell S. , Church I. , Davis A. , Gardiner T. , Harris J. , Hart M. , Jones L. , Nicholls T. , Nobes J. , Pradeep S. , Roberts M. , Sole D. , Veale M.C. , Wilson M.D. , Dhamgaye V. , Fox O. , Sawhney K.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, results are presented from the
characterisation of Redlen Technologies high-flux-capable Cadmium
Zinc Telluride (HF-CZT) hybridised to the HEXITECMHz 
ASIC, a novel 1 MHz continuous X-ray imaging system. A 2 mm thick
HF-CZT HEXITECMHz detector was characterised on the B16
Test Beamline at the Diamond Light Source and displayed an average
FWHM of 850 eV for monochromatic X-rays of energy
20 keV. Measurements revealed a shift in the baseline of
irradiated pixels that results in a movement of the entire spectrum
to higher ADU values. Datasets taken to analyse the effect's
dynamics showed it to be highly localised and flux-dependent, with
the excess leakage current generated equivalent to per-pixel shifts
of ∼ 543 pA (8.68 nA mm-2) at a flux of
1.26×107 ph s-1 mm-2. Comparison to results
from a p-type Si HEXITECMHz device indicate this `excess
leakage-current' effect is unique to HF-CZT and it is hypothesised
that it originates from trapping at the electrode-CZT interface and
a temporary modification of the potential barrier between the CZT
and metal electrode.
Dimensional accuracy of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid samples printed in vacuum-assisted material extrusion system
Authors: Shahrum Mohd Afiq , Rajendran Thavinesh Kumar , Maidin Shajahan , Azri Mohd Asyraf , Ismail Shafinaz , Kamarulnizam Mohd
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the impact of integrating a vacuum system into a material extrusion 3D printing process for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) materials. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a vacuum system on the dimensional accuracy of the printed samples. Upon completion of the printing process, the samples’ dimensions were carefully assessed using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The geometrical dimensions measured are the diameter, corner radius, fillet, thickness, width, length and angle. Based on the result obtained, the material has yet to reach 100% of the desired geometry, which was identified due to the shrinkage of the material after the printing process. The results show that the vacuum system improved material flow and reduced dimensional deviations by reducing air molecules and minimizing convection. The results indicated a significant enhancement in dimensional accuracy for both ABS and PLA samples when using the vacuum system. ABS samples showed a 4% increase in accuracy, while PLA samples exhibited a 2% improvement compared to samples printed without vacuum assistance. These improvements were achieved by optimizing process parameters such as layer height (0.15 mm), infill percentage (10%), printing speed (45 mm s−1), and bed temperature (60 °C). These parameters were selected to ensure finer details, improved precision, structural support, stability, better adhesion, and reduced warping.
Optimal convex domains for the first curl eigenvalue in dimension three
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Gerner Wadim , Peralta-Salas Daniel
Published: April 2024

We prove that there exists a bounded convex domain

Ω
⊂

R

3

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3

of fixed volume that minimizes the first positive curl eigenvalue among all other bounded convex domains of the same volume. We show that this optimal domain cannot be analytic, and that it cannot be stably convex if it is sufficiently smooth (e.g., of class

C

1
,
1

C^{1,1}

). Existence results for uniformly Hölder optimal domains in a box (that is, contained in a fixed bounded domain

D
⊂

R

3

D\subset \mathbb {R}^3

) are also presented.
Interplay of condensation and chromatin binding underlies BRD4 targeting
Authors: Strom Amy R. , Eeftens Jorine M. , Polyachenko Yury , Weaver Claire J. , Watanabe Hans-Frederick , Bracha Dan , Orlovsky Natalia D. , Jumper Chanelle C. , Jacobs William M. , Brangwynne Clifford P.
Published: April 2024

Nuclear compartments form via biomolecular phase separation, mediated through multivalent properties of biomolecules concentrated within condensates. Certain compartments are associated with specific chromatin regions, including transcriptional initiation condensates, which are composed of transcription factors and transcriptional machinery, and form at acetylated regions including enhancer and promoter loci. While protein self-interactions, especially within low-complexity and intrinsically disordered regions, are known to mediate condensation, the role of substrate-binding interactions in regulating the formation and function of biomolecular condensates is underexplored. Here, utilizing live-cell experiments in parallel with coarse-grained simulations, we investigate how chromatin interaction of the transcriptional activator BRD4 modulates its condensate formation. We find that both kinetic and thermodynamic properties of BRD4 condensation are affected by chromatin binding: nucleation rate is sensitive to BRD4–chromatin interactions, providing an explanation for the selective formation of BRD4 condensates at acetylated chromatin regions, and thermodynamically, multivalent acetylated chromatin sites provide a platform for BRD4 clustering below the concentration required for off-chromatin condensation. This provides a molecular and physical explanation of the relationship between nuclear condensates and epigenetically modified chromatin that results in their mutual spatiotemporal regulation, suggesting that epigenetic modulation is an important mechanism by which the cell targets transcriptional condensates to specific chromatin loci.
Nkd1 functions downstream of Axin2 to attenuate Wnt signaling
Authors: Bell Ian , Khan Haider , Stutt Nathan , Horn Matthew , Hydzik Teesha , Lum Whitney , Rea Victoria , Clapham Emma , Hoeg Lisa , Van Raay Terence J.
Published: April 2024

Wnt signaling is a crucial developmental pathway involved in early development as well as stem-cell maintenance in adults and its misregulation leads to numerous diseases. Thus, understanding the regulation of this pathway becomes vitally important. Axin2 and Nkd1 are widely utilized negative feedback regulators in Wnt signaling where Axin2 functions to destabilize cytoplasmic β-catenin, and Nkd1 functions to inhibit the nuclear localization of β-catenin. Here, we set out to further understand how Axin2 and Nkd1 regulate Wnt signaling by creating axin2gh1/gh1, nkd1gh2/gh2 single mutants and axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 double mutant zebrafish using sgRNA/Cas9. All three Wnt regulator mutants were viable and had impaired heart looping, neuromast migration defects, and behavior abnormalities in common, but there were no signs of synergy in the axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 double mutants. Further, Wnt target gene expression by qRT-PCR and RNA-seq, and protein expression by mass spectrometry demonstrated that the double axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 mutant resembled the nkd1gh2/gh2 phenotype demonstrating that Nkd1 functions downstream of Axin2. In support of this, the data further demonstrates that Axin2 uniquely alters the properties of β-catenin-dependent transcription having novel readouts of Wnt activity compared with nkd1gh2/gh2 or the axin2gh1/gh1;nkd1gh2/gh2 double mutant. We also investigated the sensitivity of the Wnt regulator mutants to exacerbated Wnt signaling, where the single mutants displayed characteristic heightened Wnt sensitivity, resulting in an eyeless phenotype. Surprisingly, this phenotype was rescued in the double mutant, where we speculate that cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity pathways could lead to altered Wnt signaling in some scenarios. Collectively, the data emphasizes both the commonality and the complexity in the feedback regulation of Wnt signaling.
Enhancing photovoltaic energy forecasting: a progressive approach using wavelet packet decomposition
Authors: Ferkous Khaled , Guermoui Mawloud , Bellaour Abderahmane , boulmaiz Tayeb , Bailek Nadjem
Published: April 2024

Accurate photovoltaic (PV) energy forecasting plays a crucial role in the efficient operation of PV power stations. This study presents a novel hybrid machine-learning (ML) model that combines Gaussian process regression with wavelet packet decomposition to forecast PV power half an hour ahead. The proposed technique was applied to the PV energy database of a station located in Algeria and its performance was compared to that of traditional forecasting models. Performance evaluations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over conventional ML methods, including Gaussian process regression, extreme learning machines, artificial neural networks and support vector machines, across all seasons. The proposed model exhibits lower normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) (2.116%) and root mean square error (RMSE) (208.233 kW) values, along with a higher coefficient of determination (R2) of 99.881%. Furthermore, the exceptional performance of the model is maintained even when tested with various prediction horizons. However, as the forecast horizon extends from 1.5 to 5.5 hours, the prediction accuracy decreases, evident by the increase in the RMSE (710.839 kW) and nRMSE (7.276%), and a decrease in R2 (98.462%). Comparative analysis with recent studies reveals that our approach consistently delivers competitive or superior results. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid ML model, suggesting its potential as a reliable tool for enhancing PV power forecasting accuracy, thereby contributing to more efficient grid management.
Transmissible cancers, the genomes that do not melt down
Authors: Bramwell Georgina , DeGregori James , Thomas Frédéric , Ujvari Beata
Published: April 2024

Evolutionary theory predicts that the accumulation of deleterious mutations in asexually reproducing organisms should lead to genomic decay. Clonally reproducing cell lines, i.e., transmissible cancers, when cells are transmitted as allografts/xenografts, break these rules and survive for centuries and millennia. The currently known 11 transmissible cancer lineages occur in dogs (canine venereal tumour disease), in Tasmanian devils (devil facial tumor diseases, DFT1 and DFT2), and in bivalves (bivalve transmissible neoplasia). Despite the mutation loads of these cell lines being much higher than observed in human cancers, they have not been eliminated in space and time. Here, we provide potential explanations for how these fascinating cell lines may have overcome the fitness decline due to the progressive accumulation of deleterious mutations and propose that the high mutation load may carry an indirect positive fitness outcome. We offer ideas on how these host–pathogen systems could be used to answer outstanding questions in evolutionary biology. The recent studies on the evolution of these clonal pathogens reveal key mechanistic insight into transmissible cancer genomes, information that is essential for future studies investigating how these contagious cancer cell lines can repeatedly evade immune recognition, evolve, and survive in the landscape of highly diverse hosts.
Detection of rare variants among nuclei populating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal model species Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198
Authors: Manyara David , Sánchez-García Marisol , Montoliu-Nerin Merce , Rosling Anna
Published: April 2024

Identifying genuine polymorphic variants is a significant challenge in sequence data analysis, although detecting low-frequency variants in sequence data is essential for estimating demographic parameters and investigating genetic processes, such as selection, within populations. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are multinucleate organisms, in which individual nuclei collectively operate as a population, and the extent of genetic variation across nuclei has long been an area of scientific interest. In this study, we investigated the patterns of polymorphism discovery and the alternate allele frequency distribution by comparing polymorphism discovery in 2 distinct genomic sequence datasets of the AM fungus model species, Rhizophagus irregularis strain DAOM197198. The 2 datasets used in this study are publicly available and were generated either from pooled spores and hyphae or amplified single nuclei from a single spore. We also estimated the intraorganismal variation within the DAOM197198 strain. Our results showed that the 2 datasets exhibited different frequency patterns for discovered variants. The whole-organism dataset showed a distribution spanning low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency variants, whereas the single-nucleus dataset predominantly featured low-frequency variants with smaller proportions in intermediate and high frequencies. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism density estimates within both the whole organism and individual nuclei confirmed the low intraorganismal variation of the DAOM197198 strain and that most variants are rare. Our study highlights the methodological challenges associated with detecting low-frequency variants in AM fungal whole-genome sequence data and demonstrates that alternate alleles can be reliably identified in single nuclei of AM fungi.
Skeletal consequences of preterm birth in pigs as a model for preterm infants
Authors: Wilson Brittany M , Ko Frank C , Moran Meghan M , Adra Amal , Rasmussen Martin B , Thymann Thomas , Sangild Per T , Sumner Dale Rick
Published: April 2024

Preterm birth affects about 10% of all live births with many resultant health challenges, including metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP), which is characterized by elevated alkaline phosphatase, suppressed phosphate, and deficient skeletal development. Because of the lack of an animal model, very little is known about bone structure, strength, and quality after preterm birth. This study investigated the utility of a pig model to replicate clinical features of preterm birth, including MBDP, and sought to determine if early postnatal administration of IGF-1 was an effective treatment. Preterm pigs, born by caesarean section at 90% gestation, were reared in intensive care facilities (respiratory, thermoregulatory, and nutritional support) and compared with sow-reared term pigs born vaginally. Preterm pigs were systemically treated with vehicle or IGF-1 (recombinant human IGF-1/BP-3, 2.25 mg/kg/d). Tissues were collected at postnatal days 1, 5, and 19 (the normal weaning period in pigs). Most bone-related outcomes were affected by preterm birth throughout the study period, whereas IGF-1 supplementation had almost no effect. By day 19, alkaline phosphatase was elevated, phosphate and calcium were reduced, and the bone resorption marker C-terminal crosslinks of type I collagen was elevated in preterm pigs compared to term pigs. Preterm pigs also had decrements in femoral cortical cross-sectional properties, consistent with reduced whole-bone strength. Thus, the preterm pig model replicates many features of preterm bone development in infants, including features of MBDP, and allows for direct interrogation of skeletal tissues, enhancing the field’s ability to examine underlying mechanisms.
Distribution theories for genetic line of least resistance and evolvability measures
Authors: Watanabe Junya
Published: April 2024

Quantitative genetic theory on multivariate character evolution predicts that a population’s response to directional selection is biased towards the major axis of the genetic covariance matrix G—the so-called genetic line of least resistance. Inferences on the genetic constraints in this sense have traditionally been made by measuring the angle of deviation of evolutionary trajectories from the major axis or, more recently, by calculating the amount of genetic variance—the Hansen–Houle evolvability—available along the trajectories. However, there have not been clear practical guidelines on how these quantities can be interpreted, especially in a high-dimensional space. This study summarizes pertinent distribution theories for relevant quantities, pointing out that they can be written as ratios of quadratic forms in evolutionary trajectory vectors by taking G as a parameter. For example, a beta distribution with appropriate parameters can be used as a null distribution for the squared cosine of the angle of deviation from a major axis or subspace. More general cases can be handled with the probability distribution of ratios of quadratic forms in normal variables. Apart from its use in hypothesis testing, this latter approach could potentially be used as a heuristic tool for looking into various selection scenarios, like directional and/or correlated selection, as parameterized with the mean and covariance of selection gradients.