bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change effects on abundance and distribution of the European eel in Türkiye
Authors: Mestav Burcu , Özdilek Şükran Yalçın , Acar Zahide , Gökkaya Kemal , Partal Nurbanu
Published: August 2024

Spatial and temporal distribution of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) during 1967–2020 was used to model European eel distribution in response to climate variability. Modeling integrated predictions from two distinct models for inferences. First, modeling of the relationship between temperature and precipitation and European eel catch values using multiple time‐series regression analyses showed that climate variables contributed to eel distribution in Türkiye. Eel catch became restricted to western and southern coasts of Türkiye and total catch decreased between 1967 and 2020. From 1967 to 2020, favorable climatic conditions for European eels in Türkiye were characterized by moderate temperatures. Furthermore, projections for 2050 and 2070 suggested that suitable habitat would be lost in Türkiye. Our findings underscore the urgent need for immediate and widespread implementation of effective conservation policies to mitigate threats to European eel in Türkiye and globally.
Connectivity and climate influence diversity–stability relationships across spatial scales in European butterfly metacommunities
Authors: Alves Wagner de F. , de Souza Leonardo C. , Schweiger Oliver , di Cavalcanti Victor R. , Settele Josef , Wiemers Martin , Schmucki Reto , Kuussaari Mikko , Tzortzakaki Olga , Pettersson Lars B. , Fontaine Benoît , van Swaay Chris , Stefanescu Constantí , Maes Dirk , WallisDeVries Michiel F. , Gianuca Andros T.
Published: August 2024

Aim

Anthropogenic‐driven biodiversity loss can impact ecosystem stability. However, most studies have only evaluated the diversity–stability relationship at the local scale and we do not fully understand which factors stabilize animal populations and communities across scales. Here, we investigate the role of species dispersal ability, climate, spatial distance and different facets of biodiversity on the stability of butterfly populations and communities across multiple spatial scales.

Location

Primarily Western Europe.

Time Period

2005–2016.

Major Taxa Studied

Butterflies (Rhopalocera) of Europe.

Methods

We assembled a continent‐wide database of European butterflies' abundance and used Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of multiple stabilizing mechanisms. In parallel, we tested the effect of dispersal ability on the stability at multiple spatial scales, using a butterfly mobility index as an indicator of dispersal capacity.

Results

Regional stability strongly reflected local stability, which in turn was driven by both taxonomic and functional α‐diversity. Spatial asynchrony was also important for regional stability and it was driven by both functional β‐diversity and metapopulation asynchrony, which in turn increased with spatial distance among communities. We observed a positive effect of temperature on functional α‐diversity and on local stability, whereas precipitation negatively influenced local diversity. Finally, spatial asynchrony contributed more to the regional stability of less mobile species compared to highly mobile ones, indicating that both extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of connectivity impact regional stability indirectly.

Main Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the importance of local and regional processes for regional stability. However, the relative contribution of spatial asynchrony and metapopulation asynchrony increases with connectivity loss, especially for less mobile species, indicating that landscape management should be tailored depending on the dispersal capacity of organisms. Both local biodiversity loss and regional biotic homogenization destabilize metacommunities, with potential implications for the reliable provision of ecosystem functions.
Use it or lose it: The problem of labour underutilization among immigrant workers in Canada
Authors: Banerjee Rupa , Lamb Danielle , Lam Laura
Published: August 2024

Canada is widely recognized as a desirable destination for new immigrants and all levels of governments are generally supportive of ambitious immigration targets set to help meet labour demand. Canada's immigration system is based primarily on human capital, selecting the world's most highly skilled newcomers. However, immigrants to Canada have often faced difficulty in attaining labour market outcomes commensurate with their knowledge and experience. In this analysis, we examine the paradox apparent in the Canadian immigration system—the selection criteria attract highly educated and skilled workers, yet many are not able to find employment opportunities that match their abilities—through the lens of the Labour Utilization Framework. Using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey for the years 2006–2019 inclusive, we explore five different dimensions of skill underutilization or brain waste: involuntary part‐time work, minimum wage work, unemployment, over‐education (i.e., underemployment), and worker discouragement. Our results suggest that on all dimensions of labour underutilization measured in the study, immigrants are overwhelmingly at a disadvantage relative to their Canadian‐born, non‐Indigenous counterparts. We discuss the ethical implications of immigrant brain waste for both individuals and society and conclude by suggesting some possible policy responses to improve the utilization of immigrant talent in Canada.
Vocational education and training: A pathway for refugees' integration in the labour market? Lessons from Syrian refugees in Tarsus, Turkey
Authors: Tasli‐Karabulut Vildan , Sancak Merve
Published: August 2024

Vocational education and training (VET) has been promoted as a key strategy for refugees' integration into the labour markets of their host societies, with the expectation that it would provide refugees the skills that are necessary to access better employment in their host countries. Nevertheless, evidence from both high‐income and middle‐income countries (MICs) shows that refugees predominantly work in labour‐intensive jobs under precarious conditions, and, VET has not always been an effective instrument to improve refugees' employment conditions. This article aims to understand the reasons behind this situation. It studies the multiplicity of factors influencing the viability of VET for refugees' labour market integration, focusing on Syrian refugees in Tarsus, Turkey, a MIC currently hosting the largest number of refugees worldwide. It shows that the top‐down, supply focused VET programmes may have limited effectiveness in promoting better employment for refugees if the designers and implementers of these programmes do not fully consider the local context and the refugees' specific realities.
Grievable/Disposable lives in the Anthropocene culture: Ecoprecarity, indigeneity and ecological wisdom in Kaala Paani
Authors: Karmakar Goutam , Pal Payel
Published: August 2024

Traditional media and contemporary digital communication platforms have been instrumental in developing environmental awareness and educating the general public about the entrenched dangers of ecoprecarity. Visual references like ecocinema, short films, documentaries and television series have shown how the Anthropocene is affecting the world and how important human‐centred survival models are. These visual references have played a big part in ecological knowledge and shown possible ways to use socio‐ecological practices. The present article critically analyses Kaala Paani, a contemporary Indian Hindi‐language survival drama seven‐episode television series, and foregrounds how this series not only represents the ecological issues we face but also fosters a stronger sense of ethical accountability towards the long‐term impact of our decisions and actions on the natural environment. Through its focus on dramatizing environmental toxins and the power of indigenous and tribal knowledge to fight them, the series effectively tells viewers about the harmful effects of illegally exploiting the environmental buffer zone and the results of capitalist‐driven developmentalism. The series also inspires them to recognize the overwhelming existence of nature that the discourse of the ‘Anthropocene’ has downplayed.
Robustness of Item Response Theory Models under the PISA Multistage Adaptive Testing Designs
Authors: Shin Hyo Jeong , König Christoph , Robin Frederic , Frey Andreas , Yamamoto Kentaro
Published: August 2024

Many international large‐scale assessments (ILSAs) have switched to multistage adaptive testing (MST) designs to improve measurement efficiency in measuring the skills of the heterogeneous populations around the world. In this context, previous literature has reported the acceptable level of model parameter recovery under the MST designs when the current item response theory (IRT)‐based scaling models are used. However, previous studies have not considered the influence of realistic phenomena commonly observed in ILSA data, such as item‐by‐country interactions, repeated use of MST designs in subsequent cycles, and nonresponse, including omitted and not‐reached items. The purpose of this study is to examine the robustness of current IRT‐based scaling models to these three factors under MST designs, using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) designs as an example. A series of simulation studies show that the IRT scaling models used in the PISA are robust to repeated use of the MST design in a subsequent cycle with fewer items and smaller sample sizes, while item‐by‐country interactions and items not‐reached have negligible to modest effects on model parameter estimation, and omitted responses have the largest effect. The discussion section provides recommendations and implications for future MST designs and scaling models for ILSAs.
Errors in estimating reproductive parameters with macroscopic methods: a case study on the protogynous blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775)
Authors: Longenecker Ken , Langston Ross , Mamesah Juliaeta , Natan Yuliana , Pattinasarany Maureen , Radjab Abdul W. , Romdon Ahmad , Ruli Fismatman , Simanjuntak Prandito , Sinaga Febby L. , Limmon Gino V. , Franklin Erik C.
Published: August 2024

A size‐based, histological analysis of the reproductive life history of the blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775), was conducted in Indonesia to evaluate the error rate associated with macroscopic reproductive analysis. Histological results indicated that E. fasciatus was protogynous with female L50 at 13.4 cm total length (LT) and a size at sexual transition of 22.0 cm LT. The weight–length relationship for the species was W = 0.011 L3.13. Overall sex ratios were significantly female biased, operational sex ratios were significantly male biased, and sex ratios of mature individuals varied predictably with length from female to male dominance as size increased. No significant relationship between length and batch fecundity was found. The population has a spawning period from February to August. Overall, 54.4% of macroscopic evaluations were incorrect compared to histological results. Of the errors, 14.8% were a failure to detect ovotestes, 12.7% were classifying non‐gonadal tissue as ovary or testis, 12.2% were misclassifying sex, and 12.7% were misclassifying maturity status. However, the largest source of error (47.7%) was from misclassifying both sex and maturity status. Of these, 92.9% were macroscopically classified as immature females, but were histologically confirmed to be mature males. Compared to histological results, the only accurate macroscopic results were the absence of a sex‐based difference in weight–length relationship and spawning seasonality estimated by a gonadosomatic index (February–June). The use of macroscopic methods to estimate reproductive life‐history parameters for sex‐changing reefes fish may introduce significant inaccuracies and misinterpretations. Of the parameters estimated by histological methods, size at maturity, size‐specific sex ratios, and spawning seasonality have the greatest potential to inform local fishery management policy.
Insider trading restriction enforcement, investor protection, and innovation
Authors: Blank D. Brian , Chen Jiawei , Posylnaya Valeriya
Published: August 2024

US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement actions are intended to protect investors and limit expropriation by firm insiders, but these SEC actions could affect insiders' incentives to contribute to value‐enhancing activities. Therefore, we explore how corporate innovation and performance respond to insider trading restrictions imposed by regulators and firms. Using manually collected data on SEC indictments against corporate insiders, we document more innovative activity following external insider trading restrictions. External restrictions are also followed by higher corporate investment, capital access, and operating performance. Similarly, internal blackout restrictions to insider trading are linked to more innovation as well. We use SEC and congressional rule changes as quasi‐natural experiments resulting in shocks in enforcement and indictments for identification and inference. Our results suggest insider trading restrictions and enforcement actions affect subsequent firm activities and managerial decisions by protecting outside investment, resulting in more investment in innovation.
Contrast enhancement patterns associated with acute stroke in moyamoya disease using MR vessel wall imaging
Authors: Ryu Jae‐Chan , Jang Chul‐Rae , Lee Sang‐Hun
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) can provide valuable insights into the histopathological characteristics of moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the patterns of vessel wall contrast enhancement have not been well established. We aimed to identify the contrast enhancement patterns of the vessel walls associated with acute cerebral infarction using HR‐MRI in MMD.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we conducted genetic tests for Ring Finger Protein 213 (RNF 213) and performed HR‐MRI on patients suspected of having MMD. We analyzed wall enhancement patterns including concentric, eccentric, or mixed enhancement types, and the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction in patients who simultaneously tested positive for RNF 213 and exhibited definite features of MMD on HR‐MRI.

Results

Among 306 patients who underwent RNF 213 tests for the evaluation of MMD, 56 showed positive RNF 213, and HR‐MRI was performed on 32 of them. Among the patients with acute cerebral infarction, the incidence rate was significantly higher in the group with concentric wall enhancement compared to patients without acute cerebral infarction (73.3% vs. 17.0%, p < .002). Furthermore, the incidence was notably elevated, even in patients with pure concentric wall enhancement (40.0% vs. 5.9%, p = .033). The area under the curve (AUC) for the group with any concentric wall enhancement showed a significant result of .78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .61‐.95, p = .007), whereas the predictive ability for pure concentric wall enhancement did not reach significance (AUC = .67, 95% CI: .48‐.86, p = .100).

Conclusions

Concentric wall enhancement was a significant predictor of acute cerebral infarction in patients with MMD.
Influence of the low temperatures (18°C) in the generation of intracellular oxidative stress in the phytopathogen bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicolaNPS3121
Authors: Arvizu‐Gómez Jackeline Lizzeta , Hernández‐Morales Alejandro , Llanos‐Vargas Kevin Daniel , Olmedo‐Álvarez Gabriela , Campos‐Guillén Juan , Vallejo‐Cardona Alba Adriana , Hernández‐Flores José Luis , González‐Reyes Christian
Published: August 2024

Low temperatures are a key condition for various phytopathogenic bacteria, by favouring their pathogenic potential and the development of plant diseases. So far, the signal transduction pathways related to low temperatures in phytopathogenic bacteria are little understood. The occurrence of intracellular oxidative stress under this condition has been suggested as a molecular event belonging to this signalling pathway. In this study, using the Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola model bacteria, we evaluated intracellular redox state under low‐temperature (18°C) conditions. Generation of an oxidative‐stress biosensor (pKL1) and fluorometry analyses with the P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola‐roGFP2 bioreporter strain were performed. At low temperatures (18°C) the response capacity or roGFP2 oxidation diminished in relation to 28°C. Likewise, changes in the intracellular redox potential of P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola during its growth at 28°C and 18°C were observed, with greater oxidation degree in cells grown at 18°C. These results demonstrated that low temperatures induce intracellular oxidative stress in P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. From this study, the oxidative stress is established as part of the cellular response to low‐temperature conditions in this bacteria. This is the first report of the relation of oxidative stress with low‐temperature conditions in phytopathogens bacteria.
Glycyrrhizin intake higher than the current international guidelines has no detectable hypermineralocorticoid‐like effect in dogs
Authors: Watson Adrian , Fuess Elizabeth , Laxalde Jeremy , Mitchell Denise
Published: August 2024

Glycyrrhizin‐enriched extracts from licorice root are associated with numerous health benefits and are widely used in phytotherapy. There is evidence that ingesting glycyrrhizin beyond threshold concentrations can impact the metabolism of cortisol, inhibiting its conversion to an inactive form, cortisone, via 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. A consequence can be a form of hypermineralocorticoidism, with elevated potassium excretion and associated hypertension, as demonstrated in rats and humans. Here, 3 orally dosed concentrations of glycyrrhizin (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg bodyweight/day) were assessed over 28 days in dogs. As the current guidelines reflect a lack of reliable data in this species, our aim was to provide relevant information for doses above the current guidelines. The specific purpose of this study was to demonstrate that an intake of licorice with a known therapeutic benefit to dogs does not cause hypermineralocorticoidism in this species. No changes in blood pressure, nor electrolyte excretion were observed in the dogs given these three glycyrrhizin concentrations.
Drought risk in Moldova under global warming and possible crop adaptation strategies
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Juez Carmelo , Potopová Vera , Boincean Boris , Murphy Conor , Domínguez‐Castro Fernando , Eklundh Lars , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Noguera Ivan , Jin Hongxiao , Conradt Tobias , Garcia‐Herrera Ricardo , Garrido‐Perez Jose Manuel , Barriopedro David , Gutiérrez Jose M. , Iturbide Maialen , Lorenzo‐Lacruz Jorge , Kenawy Ahmed El
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the relationship between drought processes and crop yields in Moldova, together with the effects of possible future climate change on crops. The severity of drought is analyzed over time in Moldova using the Standard Precipitation Index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and their relationship with crop yields. In addition, rainfall variability and its relationship with crop yields are examined using spectral analysis and squared wavelet coherence. Observed station data (1950–2020 and 1850–2020), ERA5 reanalysis data (1950–2020), and climate model simulations (period 1970–2100) are used. Crop yield data (maize, sunflower, grape), data from experimental plots (wheat), and the Enhanced Vegetation Index from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellites were also used. Results show that although the severity of meteorological droughts has decreased in the last 170 years, the impact of precipitation deficits on different crop yields has increased, concurrent with a sharp increase in temperature, which negatively affected crop yields. Annual crops are now more vulnerable to natural rainfall variability and, in years characterized by rainfall deficits, the possibility of reductions in crop yield increases due to sharp increases in temperature. Projections reveal a pessimistic outlook in the absence of adaptation, highlighting the urgency of developing new agricultural management strategies.
“I did not expect that from you!”: Unforgiveness dimensions, attachment insecurities, and relationship under‐commitment following a relational transgression
Authors: Jean Mireille , Brassard Audrey , Boon Susan D. , Lafontaine Marie‐France , Mondor Josianne , Péloquin Katherine
Published: August 2024

After experiencing a relational transgression, individuals may not forgive their partner. However, unforgiveness may prove detrimental to relationship functioning for both partners, and even more so when combined with individual and relational risk factors. This study examined the associations between unforgiveness dimensions (cognitive‐evaluative, emotional‐ruminative, and offender reconstrual) and relationship under‐commitment in couples who experienced a relational transgression, and the moderating roles of attachment insecurities (attachment anxiety and avoidance) and the sample type (community vs. clinical) in these associations. The sample included 114 couples (42 from the community and 72 seeking relationship therapy); both partners completed online questionnaires. Path analyses revealed associations between the cognitive‐evaluative and offender reconstrual dimensions, and higher under‐commitment in offended partners. The association between offender reconstrual and under‐commitment was only present when offended partners exhibited low to moderate levels of attachment anxiety. The emotional‐ruminative dimension was associated with under‐commitment in both partners, but only when offended partners reported low levels of attachment avoidance. No moderation effect was found for the sample type. This study enhances understanding of post‐transgression unforgiveness and unravels some individual characteristics that are likely to affect how it relates to both partners' under‐commitment.
The relationship between HPV testing attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Küçükkaya Burcu , Cangöl Sögüt Seda , Cangöl Eda
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aims to examine the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) testing attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes.

Design

This study was a cross‐sectional design.

Sample

This study was conducted between March 15, 2024, and June 2, 2024, through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Telegram, by sharing on forum pages, and involved 674 women who volunteered to participate.

Measurements

The research data were collected using the “health belief model scale regarding HPV infection and vaccination (HBMS‐HPVV)” and the “HPV Testing Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (HTABS),” which were developed by the researchers through a literature review.

Results

The average age of the women participating in the study was 46.59 ± 11.15 years; 81.5% were married, 57.6% had no knowledge about cervical cancer, and 62.2% had no knowledge about the HPV vaccine, a protective vaccine against cervical cancer. The average scores for the subdimensions of severity, barriers, benefits, and susceptibility of the HBMS‐HPVV were 3.19 ± 0.60, 2.96 ± 1.22, 2.29 ± 1.40, and 3.92 ± 0.49, respectively. The average scores for the subdimensions of personal barriers, social norms, confidence, and worries of the HTABS were 31.14 ± 19.27, 7.57 ± 4.47, 30.03 ± 7.18, and 11.91 ± 2.52, respectively. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between all HBMS‐HPVV subdimensions and the HTABS subdimensions (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The study found that as the perceived severity increases, the perceived benefits, susceptibility, and confidence increase, while the perceived barriers, personal barriers, social norms, and worries decrease. Based on these results, it is recommended that women's health nurses provide education and seminars to raise awareness about cervical cancer, early screening and diagnosis programs, and the HPV vaccine.
Analysis of chemical and genetic variability in wild hop (Humulus lupulus L.) populations of Kosovo
Authors: Salihu B. , Samarakoon T. , Pulaj B. , Quave C. L. , Mustafa B. , Hajdari A.
Published: August 2024

Hops is an economically important species due to its diverse secondary metabolites and extensive use in the brewing and medicinal industries. Although hops is widely distributed in Kosovo, the chemical composition of its essential oils and genetic variability of wild populations remain understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical and genetic variability of Kosovo's wild hop population using essential oil constituents and microsatellite (simple sequence repeat – SSR) markers.

Female hop inflorescences were collected from 21 wild populations in Kosovo. Essential oils were extracted from the dried plant material using a Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition of the essential oils was analysed using GC‐FID‐MS. DNA was extracted from dried leaves, and 15 SSR markers were used for fragment analysis.

The main constituents of the essential oil were myrcene, α‐humulene, (E)‐β‐farnesene, α‐selinene, β‐selinene, and E‐caryophyllene. Statistical analyses based on chemical composition of essential oils and SSR markers highlighted the low variability among populations and high variability within populations.

These findings provide valuable insights for developing strategies for potential use and conservation of wild hop populations in Kosovo, laying the groundwork for future research and comparison with commercial cultivars to assess their breeding potential.
Tracking and risk assessment of microplastics in a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Kamani Hossein , Ghayebzadeh Mehdi , Ganji Fatemeh
Published: August 2024

Today, microplastics have become one of the most important environmental concerns. Wastewater treatment plants are a major source of microplastics in the environment. The aim of this study is to track and assess the risk of microplastics in a wastewater treatment plant. Samples were taken from different units of sewage treatment plants in the spring and winter. Microplastics were separated using sieves and density‐based methods. Analysis revealed a higher abundance of microplastics in spring. The highest amount of microplastic removal was in the disinfection and secondary sedimentation units in the winter season. Fragments are the most common shape. Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) polymers were most prevalent. Black was the most common colour. Poly Ethylene (PE), PET and poly Amide (PA) polymers posed the highest risk, according to calculations. One of the most important ways to prevent microplastics from entering water sources is to reduce the consumption of plastic materials, recycle plastic waste and remove microplastics from the wastewater treatment process.
El cuerpo femenino: un análisis del discurso multimodal a través del cómic autobiográfico
Authors: Romero Gutiérrez Edwin Rolando , Zambrano Sánchez César Augusto , Sotelo Carreño Dorys Andrea
Published: August 2024

El artículo da cuenta de una investigación sobre la representación del cuerpo femenino en el cómic autobiográfico, a través del análisis del discurso multimodal, se desarrolla como tesis de la Maestría en lingüística de la UPTC de Tunja. El propósito del trabajo es develar la representación del cuerpo femenino en el discurso multimodal del cómic autobiográfico “Virus tropical” de la autora Paola Gaviria.
A partir del objeto de estudio, se hace un abordaje metodológico por medio del Análisis del discurso multimodal (ADM) (Kress y Van Leeuwen, 2001). A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se evidencia que la representación del cuerpo femenino en este cómic se da no solo desde lo físico, sino también desde los constructos sociales, con base en la experiencia, la sexualidad, el erotismo, las emociones (burla, dolor, tristeza, amor) y la búsqueda de la identidad por parte de la autora, en concordancia con la autobiografía.
Mechanism of PCNA loading by Ctf18-RFC for leading-strand DNA synthesis
Authors: Yuan Zuanning , Georgescu Roxana , Yao Nina Y. , Yurieva Olga , O’Donnell Michael E. , Li Huilin
Published: August 2024

The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) clamp encircles DNA to hold DNA polymerases (Pols) to DNA for processivity. The Ctf18-RFC PCNA loader, a replication factor C (RFC) variant, is specific to the leading-strand Pol (Polε). We reveal here the underlying mechanism of Ctf18-RFC specificity to Polε using cryo–electron microscopy and biochemical studies. We found that both Ctf18-RFC and Polε contain specific structural features that direct PCNA loading onto DNA. Unlike other clamp loaders, Ctf18-RFC has a disordered ATPase associated with a diverse cellular activities (AAA+) motor that requires Polε to bind and stabilize it for efficient PCNA loading. In addition, Ctf18-RFC can pry prebound Polε off of DNA, then load PCNA onto DNA and transfer the PCNA-DNA back to Polε. These elements in both Ctf18-RFC and Polε provide specificity in loading PCNA onto DNA for Polε.
Quantum state tracking and control of a single molecular ion in a thermal environment
Authors: Liu Yu , Schmidt Julian , Liu Zhimin , Leibrandt David R. , Leibfried Dietrich , Chou Chin-wen
Published: August 2024

Understanding molecular state evolution is central to many disciplines, including molecular dynamics, precision measurement, and molecule-based quantum technology. Details of this evolution are obscured when observing a statistical ensemble of molecules. Here, we report real-time observations of thermal radiation–driven transitions between individual states (“jumps”) of a single molecule. We reversed these jumps through microwave-driven transitions, which resulted in a 20-fold improvement in the time the molecule dwells in a chosen state. The measured transition rates showed anisotropy in the thermal environment, pointing to the possibility of using single molecules as in situ probes for the strengths of ambient fields. Our approaches for state detection and manipulation could apply to a wide range of species, facilitating their uses in fields including quantum science, molecular physics, and ion-neutral chemistry.
Mapping gut feelings and immune control
Authors: Vergnolle Nathalie
Published: August 2024

A chemogenetic screen reveals links between nociceptors and gut immune function
CARE-ing for Indigenous nonhuman genomic data — rethinking our approach
Authors: Kukutai Tahu , Black Amanda
Published: August 2024

Earlier this year, an international group of scientists published a paper in
Science
Advances
on the
draft genome
of the little bush moa (
Anomalopteryx didiformis
), one of about nine species of extinct flightless birds endemic to Aotearoa (New Zealand). The genome was sequenced from the ancient DNA of a “
poorly provenanced
” fossil bone acquired by the Royal Ontario Museum. It held important clues about the moa’s evolutionary history and aspects of its biology.
Synergistic effects of novel penicillin-binding protein 1A amino acid substitutions contribute to high-level amoxicillin resistance of
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Cimuanga-Mukanya Alain , Tshibangu-Kabamba Evariste , Kisoko Patrick de Jesus Ngoma , Fauzia Kartika Afrida , Tshibangu Fabien Mbaya , Wola Antoine Tshimpi , Kashala Pascal Tshiamala , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Revathi Gunturu , Disashi-Tumba Ghislain , Kido Yasutoshi , Matsumoto Takashi , Akada Junko , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: August 2024

The growing resistance to amoxicillin (AMX)—one of the main antibiotics used in
Helicobacter pylori
eradication therapy—is an increasing health concern. Several mutations of penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP1A) are suspected of causing AMX resistance; however, only a limited set of these mutations have been experimentally explored. This study aimed to investigate four PBP1A mutations (i.e., T558S, N562H, T593A, and G595S) carried by strain KIN76, a high-level AMX-resistant clinical
H. pylori
isolate with an AMX minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL. We transformed a recipient strain 26695 with the DNA containing one to four mutation allele combinations of the
pbp1
gene from strain KIN76. Transformants were subjected to genomic exploration and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The resistance was transformable, and the presence of two to four PBP1A mutations (T558S and N562H, or T593A and G595S), rather than separate single mutations, was necessary to synergistically increase the AMX MIC up to 16-fold compared with the wild-type (WT) strain 26695. An AMX binding assay of PBP1A was performed using these strains, and binding was visualized by chasing Bocillin, a fluorescent penicillin analog. This revealed that all four-mutation allele-transformed strains exhibited decreased affinity to AMX on PBP1A than the WT. Protein structure modeling indicated that functional modifications occur as a result of these amino acid substitutions. This study highlights a new synergistic AMX resistance mechanism and establishes new markers of AMX resistance in
H. pylori
.

IMPORTANCE

The development of resistance to antibiotics, including amoxicillin, is hampering the eradication of
Helicobacter pylori
infection. The identification of mechanisms driving this resistance is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. We have demonstrated
in vitro
the synergistic role of novel mutations in the
pbp1
gene of
H. pylori
that is suspected to drive amoxicillin resistance. Also deepening our understanding of amoxicillin resistance mechanisms, this study establishes new molecular markers of amoxicillin resistance that may be useful in molecular-based antibiotic susceptibility testing approaches for clinical practice or epidemiologic investigations.
‘Let me recommend… ’: use of digital nudges or recommender systems for overweight and obesity prevention—a scoping review protocol
Authors: Forberger Sarah , Reisch Lucia A , van Gorp Pieter , Stahl Christoph , Christianson Lara , Halimi Jihan , De Santis Karina Karolina , Malisoux Laurent , de-Magistris Tiziana , Bohn Torsten
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Recommender systems, digital tools providing recommendations, and digital nudges increasingly affect our lives. The combination of digital nudges and recommender systems is very attractive for its application in preventing overweight and obesity. However, linking recommender systems with personalised digital nudges has a potential yet to be fully exploited. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a scoping review to identify which digital nudges or recommender systems or their combinations have been used in obesity prevention and to map these systems according to the target population, health behaviour, system classification (eg, mechanisms for developing recommendations, delivery channels, personalisation, interconnection, used combination), and system implementation.

Methods and analysis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used to inform protocol development. The eligibility criteria are based on the PCC framework (Population: any human; Concept: recommender systems or digital nudges; Context: obesity prevention). MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINHAL, Scopus, ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore were searched until September 2023. Primary studies with any design published in peer-reviewed academic journals and peer-reviewed conference papers will be included. Data will be extracted into a pre-developed extraction sheet. Results will be synthesised descriptively and narratively.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is required for the scoping review, as data will be obtained from publicly available sources. The results of this scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences and used to inform the co-creation process and intervention adaptation in the context of a HealthyW8 project (
www.healthyw8.eu
).
Longitudinal multisite study of the chronobiological control of chronic pain: the CircaHealth CircaPain study protocol
Authors: Taccardi Doriana , Gowdy Hailey G M , Singer Norris Lesley , Daly-Cyr Jennifer , Zacharias Amanda M , Lu Zihang , Choinière Manon , Pagé M. Gabrielle , Ghasemlou Nader
Published: August 2024

Introduction

One in five Canadians lives with chronic pain. Evidence shows that some individuals experience pain that fluctuates in intensity following a circadian (24-hour) rhythm. Endogenous molecular rhythms regulate the function of physiological processes that govern pain mechanisms. Addressing chronic pain rhythmicity on a molecular and biopsychosocial level can advance understanding of the disease and identify new treatment/management strategies. Our CircaHealth CircaPain study uses an online survey combined with ecological momentary assessments and biosample collection to investigate the circadian control of chronic pain and identify potential biomarkers. Our primary objective is to understand interindividual variability in pain rhythmicity, by collecting biopsychosocial measures. The secondary objective accounts for seasonal variability and the effect of latitude on rhythmicity.

Methods and analysis

Following completion of a baseline questionnaire, participants complete a series of electronic symptom-tracking diaries to rate their pain intensity, negative affect, fatigue and stress on a 0–10 scale at 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 daily over 10 days. These measures are repeated at 6 and 12 months postenrolment to account for potential seasonal changes. We aim to recruit ≥2500 adults with chronic pain within Canada. Infrastructure is being developed to facilitate the collection of blood samples from subgroups of participants (~800) two times per day over 24–48 hours to identify rhythmic expression of circulating genes and/or proteins.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study was obtained by the Queen’s University Health Sciences and Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Board (File No. 6038114). Participants provide informed consent to participate, and their data will not be identifiable in any publication or report. Findings will be published in a relevant scientific journal and disseminated at scientific meetings and online webinars. We maintain a website to post updated resources and engage with the community. We employ knowledge mobilisation in the form of direct data sharing with participants.
Disappearing sperms and changing climate: correlating decreasing semen quality and population dynamics within the Sustainable Development Goals framework
Authors: Sengupta Pallav , Dutta Sulagna
Published: August 2024

Background

Recent studies have reported a significant decline in human semen quality worldwide, raising concerns about climate change and its extensive effects on human health and biodiversity.

Methods

This article investigates the correlation between deteriorating semen quality and changing climate conditions, within the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It aims to explore the linkage between decreasing semen quality and climate change, and to understand its implications for population dynamics, reproductive health and sustainability.

Results

Integrating findings within the SDGs framework, the study emphasises SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 13 (climate action) and SDG 15 (life on land). A multidisciplinary approach, incorporating data from environmental science, epidemiology and demography, is used to statistically analyse global and regional trends in semen quality against climate variability indicators, such as temperature fluctuations and pollution levels. Preliminary findings indicate a strong correlation between adverse climate conditions and reduced semen quality, suggesting potential impacts on fertility rates and population health. The research highlights the importance of climate action (SDG 13) in protecting human reproductive health and ensuring population stability (SDG 3), while emphasising the interconnectedness of ecosystem health and human well-being (SDG 15).

Conclusion

The article calls for integrated policy responses addressing climate change and reproductive health as interconnected challenges, advocating for enhanced cross-sectoral collaboration to achieve the SDGs through comprehensive strategies encompassing environmental protection, reproductive healthcare and population management for a sustainable future.
Precarious employment and the workplace transmission of COVID-19: evidence from workers’ compensation claims in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shahidi Faraz V , Liao Qing , Landsman Victoria , Mustard Cameron A , Robson Lynda , Biswas Aviroop , Smith Peter M
Published: August 2024

Objective

To examine the association between precarious employment and risk of work-related COVID-19 infection in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

We combined data from an administrative census of workers’ compensation claims with corresponding labour force statistics to estimate rates of work-related COVID-19 infection between April 2020 and April 2022. Precarious employment was imputed using a job exposure matrix capturing temporary employment, low wages, irregular hours, involuntary part-time employment and a multidimensional indicator of ‘low’, ‘medium’, ‘high’ and ‘very high’ overall exposure to precarious employment. We used negative binomial regression models to quantify associations between precarious employment and accepted compensation claims for COVID-19.

Results

We observed a monotonic association between precarious employment and work-related COVID-19 claims. Workers with ‘very high’ exposure to precarious employment presented a nearly fivefold claim risk in models controlling for age, sex and pandemic wave (rate ratio (RR): 4.90, 95% CI 4.07 to 5.89). Further controlling for occupational exposures (public facing work, working in close proximity to others, indoor work) somewhat attenuated observed associations. After accounting for these factors, workers with ‘very high’ exposure to precarious employment were still nearly four times as likely to file a successful claim for COVID-19 (RR: 3.78, 95% CI 3.28 to 4.36).

Conclusions

During the first 2 years of the pandemic, precariously employed workers were more likely to acquire a work-related COVID-19 infection resulting in a successful lost-time compensation claim. Strategies aiming to promote an equitable and sustained recovery from the pandemic should consider and address the notable risks associated with precarious employment.
An innovative single-cell approach for phenotyping and functional genotyping of CAR NK cells
Authors: Sullivan Matthew Ryan , Finocchiaro Michael , Yang Yichao , Thomas Judene , Ali Alaa , Kaplan Isabel , Abdulhamid Yasmin , Bobilev Eden , Sheffer Michal , Romee Rizwan , Konry Tania
Published: August 2024

Background

To accelerate the translation of novel immunotherapeutic treatment approaches, the development of analytic methods to assess their efficacy at early in vitro stages is necessary. Using a droplet-based microfluidic platform, we have established a method for multiparameter quantifiable phenotypic and genomic observations of immunotherapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells are of increased interest in the current immunotherapy landscape and thus provide an optimal model for evaluating our novel methodology.

Methods

For this approach, NK cells transduced with a CD19 CAR were compared with non-transduced NK cells in their ability to kill a lymphoma cell line. Using our microfluidic platform, we were able to quantify the increase in cytotoxicity and synaptic contact formation of CAR NK cells over non-transduced NK cells. We then optimized our droplet sorter and successfully used it to separate NK cells based on target cell killing to perform transcriptomic analyses.

Results

Our data revealed expected improvement in cytotoxicity with the CD19 CAR but more importantly, provided unique insights into the factors involved in the cytotoxic mechanisms of CAR NK cells. This demonstrates a novel, improved system for accelerating the pre-clinical screening of future immunotherapy treatments.

Conclusions

This study provides a new potential approach for enhanced early screening of immunotherapies to improve their development, with a highly relevant cell model to demonstrate. Additionally, our validation studies provided some potential insights into transcriptomic determinants influencing CAR NK cytotoxicity.
Role of emotions in change and change management in an emergency department: a qualitative study
Authors: Ratnapalan Savithiri , Lang Daniel , Janzen Katharine , Muzzin Linda
Published: August 2024

Background

Changes in emergency departments are frequently implemented to improve efficiency and reduce costs. However, staff acceptance and adoption are crucial for the intended success of changes.

Objectives

This study explored staff perceptions of factors influencing the implementation of changes and any common themes linking changes and factors influencing changes in an emergency department at a university teaching hospital in the UK.

Methods

We used constructivist grounded theory methodology to perform a secondary analysis of 41 interview transcripts of physicians, nurses, support workers and managers involved in paediatric emergency care.

Results

Participants identified leadership, communication and education as factors impacting change management. They described many emotions associated with changes and with communication, leadership and education or the lack of any of them during changes. Both positive and negative emotions sometimes coexisted at individual, team or organisational levels. Negative emotions were due to real-life challenges and concern over compromised patient care. Professional values dictated the actions or inactions that transpired either because of these emotions or despite these emotions in health professionals.

Conclusions

Emotions to change should be acknowledged and addressed by credible leadership clear communication and education to improve the change process, its success and ultimately, patient care.
Does exercise modality and posture influence cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems similarly?
Authors: Burkart Joshua J. , Johnson Nathan E. , Burma Joel S. , Neill Matthew G. , Smirl Jonathan D.
Published: August 2024

Cerebral hemodynamics have been quantified during exercise via transcranial Doppler ultrasound, as it has high-sensitivity to movement artifacts and displays temporal superiority. Currently, limited research exists regarding how different exercise modalities and postural changes impact the cerebrovasculature across the cardiac cycle. Ten participants (4 females and 6 males) ages 20–29 completed three exercise tests (treadmill, supine, and upright cycling) to volitional fatigue. Physiological data collected included middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv), blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and respiratory parameters. Normalized data were analyzed for variance and effect sizes were calculated to examine differences between physiological measures across the three exercise modalities. Systolic MCAv was greater during treadmill compared to supine and upright cycling ( p < 0.001, (large) effect size), and greater during upright versus supine cycling ( p < 0.017, (large)). Diastolic MCAv was lower during treadmill versus cycling exercise only at 60% maximal effort ( p < 0.005, (moderate)) and no differences were observed between upright and supine cycling. No main effect was found for mean and diastolic BP ( p > 0.05, (negligible)). Systolic BP was lower during treadmill versus supine cycling at 40% and 60% intensity ( p < 0.05, (moderate–large)) and greater during supine versus upright at only 60% intensity ( p < 0.003, (moderate)). The above differences were not explained by partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide levels (main effect: p = 0.432) . The current study demonstrates the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems respond heterogeneously to different exercise modalities and aspects of the cardiac cycle. As physiological data were largely similar between tests, differences associated with posture and modality are likely contributors.