bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactive substances of some herbals and their effectiveness as antioxidant, antibacteria and antifungi
Authors: Sinurat Arnold P. , Wina Elizabeth , Rakhmani Susana I.W. , Wardhani T. , Haryati Tuti , Purwadaria T.
Published: March 2018

A study was conducted to explore the bioactive substances of some local plants in order to find their effectiveness as antioxidant, antibacteria and antifungi to be used as feed additives. Twelve plants material were used in this study. The total phenol, tannin and saponin contents in the plant extract were assayed. The extracts were also assayed on their antioxidant activities and on their ability to depress in vitro gas production of microbes obtained from chicken’s guts, their ability to inhibit growth of bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella enteridis) and fungi (A. niger). The results showed that the highest total phenol and total tannin contents were found in clove leaf extract, while the highest saponin content was found in Sapindus rarak fruit pericarp. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the leaffruit extract. Gas produced by microorganims was reduced to the level similar to antibiotic addition were found with addition of hexane- extract of leaffruit, kapok seed or methanol- extract of mangosteen fruit rind pulp or clove leaves. The best inhibitory effect on E. coli growth (measured by clearing zone) was found in methanol extract of S. rarak fruit. However, the most effective growth inhibitor for both E. coli and Salmonella was the liquid smoke of cashew nut shell. The best growth inhibitor for fungal growth was found in extract of clove leaves. Therefore, clove leaves extract (anti fungi), liquid smoke of cashew nut shell (antibacteria) and leaffruit (antioxidant) may have potential to produce feed additives to substitute antibiotic growth promoters.
Invisible Exploitation: How Capital Extracts Value Beyond Wage Labor
Authors: Swidler Eva
Published: March 2018

An expanded Marxist understanding of capitalist exploitation is long overdue. There are many pathways of surplus extraction beyond the wage form, and understanding them is a task with profound implications for anticapitalist movements around the world.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
The factors influencing production and economic efficiency of beef cattle farm in Grobogan Region, Central Java
Authors: Ekowati T. , Prasetyo E. , Handayani M.
Published: March 2018

The study was aimed to analyze the on-farm agribusiness subsystem approach at farm household, to analyze beef cattle production influencing factors and to analyze economic efficiency of beef cattle farm. The method use for research was survey method at Wirosari District and Purwodadi District, Grobogan Regency as research location. Each district was determined two villages to obtain data from respondent. Quota sampling method was use for determination the number of beef cattle farm household without a counting of population as a sampling frame. The number of respondent for each village was 20 farmers, so the total respondent was 80 farmers. Data were analyzed descriptively for on farm sub-system agribusiness approach, multiple linear regression and economic efficiency. The research result showed that the on-farm agribusiness subsystem was on moderate to good condition, the influencing factors of production were breed, forage, concentrate, health, reproduction, labor, year of farming and agribusiness implementation. The value of reproduction efficiency was 8.975 higher than 1, it was not efficient. The efficiency of farm scale, forage, concentrate, health and labor were 0.352; 0.128; 0.0148; 0.0235 and 0.0834 respectively less than 1, and it had not been efficient yet. The conclusion of research was the agribusiness implementation in beef cattle farming was in moderate and good criteria and gave the benefit to farmers. Production factors of farm scale, forage, concentrate, health, reproduction, labor, years of farming and agribusiness implementation were influence to the beef cattle production. The efficiency of farm scale, forage, concentrate, health, and labor on the beef cattle farm were not been efficient yet, while reproduction became an inefficient production factor.
An adverse events potential costs analysis based on Drug Programs in Poland. Dermatology focus
Authors: Szkultecka-Debek Monika , Drozd Mariola , Kiepurska Nina , Janowska Agnieszka , Paprzycki Piotr , Paluchowska Beata
Published: March 2018

The aim of the project, carried out within the Polish Society for Pharmacoeconomics (PTFE), was to estimate the potential costs of treatment of the side effects which (theoretically) may occur as a result of treatments for the selected diseases. This paper deals solely with dermatology related events. Herein, several Drug Programs financed by the National Health Fund in Poland, in 2012, were analyzed. The adverse events were selected based on the Summary of Product Characteristics of the chosen products. We focused the project on those potential adverse events which were defined in SPC as frequent and very frequent. The results are presented according to their therapeutic areas, and in this paper, the focus is upon that which is related to dermatology. The events described as ‘very common’ had an incidence of ≥ 1/10, and that which is ‘common’ - ≥ 1/100, <1 /10. In order to identify the resources used, we, with the engagement of clinical experts, performed a survey. In our work, we employed only the total direct costs incurred by the public payer, based on valid individual cost data in February 2014. Moreover, we calculated the total spending from the public payer’s perspective, as well as the patient’s perspective, and the percentage of each component of the total cost in detail. The paper, thus, informs the reader of the estimated costs of treatment of side effects related to the dermatologic symptoms and reactions. Based on our work, we can state that the treatment of skin adverse drug reactions generates a significant cost - one incurred by both the public payer and the patient.
Kinetics of the decomposition and the estimation of the stability of 10% aqueous and non-aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions
Authors: Zun Maria , Dwornicka Dorota , Wojciechowska Katarzyna , Swiader Katarzyna , Kasperek Regina , Rzadkowska Marzena , Poleszak Ewa
Published: March 2018

In this study, the stability of 10% hydrogen peroxide aqueous and non-aqueous solutions with the addition of 6% (w/w) of urea was evaluated. The solutions were stored at 20°C, 30°C and 40°C, and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide proceeded according to first-order kinetics. With the addition of the urea in the solutions, the decomposition rate constant increased and the activation energy decreased. The temperature of storage also affected the decomposition of substance, however, 10% hydrogen peroxide solutions prepared in PEG-300, and stabilized with the addition of 6% (w/w) of urea had the best constancy.
A new diagnostic perspective – hyperglycemia in pregnancy – as of the year, 2014
Authors: Strawa-Zakoscielna Katarzyna , Lenart-Lipinska Monika , Szafraniec Aneta , Rudzki Grzegorz , Matyjaszek-Matuszek Beata
Published: March 2018

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a growing epidemiological problem, and it is currently the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy, as it affects approximately 2-6% of all pregnant women. In 2014, the Polish Diabetic Association introduced significant changes in the diagnosis of hyperglycemia as first diagnosed in pregnancy, based on the recommendations of the IADPSG of 2010 and WHO of 2013. There are now two categories: diabetes in pregnancy, and GDM. These involve different degrees of severity of metabolic complications for the mother and the growing fetus. Establishing a new diagnostic criterion is significant because of the negative impact of hyperglycemia on the fetus (especially in the first trimester), the increased prevalence of malformations or the possibility of spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy.
Is the vignette method used to assess quality of life in practice?
Authors: Szkultecka-Debek Monika , Drozd Mariola , Bem Marta , Kiepurska Nina , Mazur Joanna
Published: March 2018

Purpose. To define how extensive is the use of the vignettes method for quality of life assessment.

Methods. An internet search of different databases was performed to identify and enumerate the publications involving studies in which the vignettes method is employed in relation to quality of life assessment (QoL). PubMed-Medline and Cochrane were scrutinized for publications based on the same search criteria.

Results. Our search found that 6 Cochrane and 105 Medline publications, as well as 28 articles were published between 2011-2014. However, only 7 match the objective of the search.

Conclusion. The rating of vignettes is a promising additional technique to measure changes in QoL and utilities, however, it is not very often employed by the researchers. It can be considered for use as supplementary method to standard QoL measurement methods.
Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity in vitro of chamomile flowers, coneflower herbs, peppermint leaves and thyme herbs – a preliminary report
Authors: Malm Anna , Glowniak-Lipa Anna , Korona-Glowniak Izabela , Baj Tomasz
Published: March 2018

Recently, several studies have been undertaken so as to develop more effective therapeutic approaches towards eradicating Helicobacter pylori. Among these is phytotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity in vitro of the plant extracts obtained from common herbs cultivated in the Lubelszczyzna region against the reference strain H. pylori ATCC 43504. Among these are thyme herbs, chamomile flowers, peppermint leaves and coneflower herbs. Herein, it was found that the MIC values of the assayed extracts were as follows: the extracts from coneflower herbs showed anti-H. pylori activity with MIC = 31.3-125 μg/ml; the extracts from chamomile flowers demonstrated MIC = 31.3-62.5 μg/ ml; the extracts from peppermint leaves had MIC = 15.6-250 μg/ml; and the extracts from thyme herbs revealed MIC = 15.6-62.5 μg/ml, depending on the solvent used. The most active were the extracts obtained with ethyl acetate or ethanol alcohol absolute 99.8%. These showing MIC within the range of 15.6-62.5 μg/ml, while the lowest activity was observed in case of the extract obtained with 70% aqueous ethanol. This last showing MIC within the range of 62.5-250 μg/ml. The MIC values of essential oil components were 15.6 μg/ml for bisabolol and menthol or 31.3 μg/ml for thymol. The obtained data indicate that the assayed herbs possessed promising anti-H. pylori bioactivity.
The effect of a combined choline salicylate and cetalkonium chloride gel on particular strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.
Authors: Amangeldykyzy Saule , Nurlybek Aidana Nurlybekkyzy , Nurlan Aigerim Nurlybekkyzy , Juszkiewicz Konrad T. , Polski Andrzej , Seisembay Ulzhan Baurzhankyzy , Mukasheva Adiya Maksatovna , Umirzakovna Urumbaeva Kathira , Poleszak Ewa
Published: March 2018

The ongoing control of virulent bacteria strains is a challenge for today’s medicine. An example of this, is one widely used drug employed in treating less serious external oral and ocular bacterial infections. This is a gel containing both cetalkonium chloride and choline salicylate. However, whether in the era of expanding bacterial resistance this gel is still effective, is not clear. Hence, in our work, its antibacterial effect was studied against 13 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 strains of Staphylococcus spp. and 6 strains of Streptococcus spp. drawn from the collection of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Kazakh National Medical University, as well as against 30 strains of Staphylococcus spp. recently isolated from Kazakh medical students. This work demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was insensitive to this preparation in all samples, while the sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. was almost halved, compared to untreated samples. An interesting discovery was the greater resistance of strains obtained from student volunteers than from the collection. However, despite the evident resistance of some strains to the combined cetalkonium chloride and choline salicylate gel, we put forward that it can still be used in less serious external bacterial infections.
The knowledge of pregnant women regarding appropriate oral hygiene practices of young children – a questionnaire survey
Authors: Szalewska Magdalena , Boryczko Monika , Kapica Anna , Lemejda Justyna , Lukasik Marta , Pietryka-Michalowska Elzbieta , Szymanska Jolanta
Published: March 2018

Maintaining appropriate oral cavity hygiene in a young child is closely related to the health awareness and health-promoting behaviours of their parents/guardians, and especially that of the child’s mother. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women regarding best practice oral hygiene procedures in young children. The survey involved 327 pregnant women aged 16-49 years, and the tool utilized was an anonymous questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included seven one-choice questions concerning basic information on proper oral hygiene procedures as should be practiced by young children. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistica PROGRAM 10 (StatSoft). The results of the survey reveal 60.55% of all surveyed had correct knowledge with regard to appropriate cleaning practices for the toothless oral cavity of an infant, that concerning the beginning of tooth brushing - 70.03%, tooth cleaning after night feeding - 39.76%, the duration of tooth brushing (at least 3-4 minutes) - 43.12%. What is more, the result of the survey demonstrate that slightly more than a half of the surveyed mothers (53.82%) would encourage their children to brush their teeth on their own from the first year of age, while 18.35% believe that children should be assisted in tooth brushing at least to their eighth year of age, and 59.63% would use fluoride toothpaste to brush their child’s teeth before he or she is one year old. Of the participants in this survey, pregnant women with university education, those living in large cities, or who are older, and those who had had previous pregnancies, show greater knowledge regarding suitable oral hygiene practices among young children. Our results reveal that extensive application of modern information technologies can be a means of preventing early childhood caries by facilitating the transmission of knowledge on proper nutrition and oral hygiene practices among young children.
Evidence of use: A selective COX-2 inhibitor in the treatment of experimental chronic pancreatitis induced by Dibutyltin dichloride
Authors: Sukhodolya Sergij , Falalyeyeva Tetyana , Kuryk Olena , Petrushenko Victoriya , Beregova Tetyana
Published: March 2018

The search for new prophylactic and therapeutic drugs for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an urgent problem in current pancreatology. A promising direction in CP therapy may be the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the selective inhibition properties of COX-2 rofecoxib on the development of pancreas fibrosis in rats with experimental chronic pancreatitis induced by Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC). The 60 male albino Wistar rats of our study were placed into three groups of 20 animals in each: I - the intact control; II - that which received an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of DBTC (6 mg/g); III - those which, 28 days after administration of DBTC (6 mg/g, i.p.), received a two-week course of treatment of rofecoxib (5 mg/kg, i.p). One day after rofecoxib treatment was completed, analysis was undertaken regarding the level of amylase, as well as the pancreatic amylase and lipase in the blood serum and the prostaglandin E2 in the pancreatic tissue. In addition, the morphological condition of the pancreas was ascertained. The obtained data suggest that administration of Rofecoxib reduces the development of fibrosis and improves the morpho-functional state of the pancreas in rats with chronic pancreatitis induced by DBTC. Thus, treatment with a selective COX-2 inhibitor could be a possible strategy for improving the clinical outcome of patients with CP.
Effect of standard and reversible arrangements of Ph.Eur./USP extraction cells during dissolution tests of calcium dobesilate in hydrogel formulation
Authors: Lisik Anna , Wojcik-Pastuszka Dorota , Twarda Maria , Berkowski Ryszard , Musial Witold
Published: March 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate, in comparison to the reference product, the effect of the hydrophilic nonionic polymers: methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), as well as the anionic polymers - copolymers of acrylic acid, on the release kinetics of a calcium dobesilate hydrogel formulation intended for application on the skin. In this work, we used an ointment cell for the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from the formulations. This release was performed by employing the paddle method at 100 rpm, with the extraction cells placed in the release vessels in two different positions: with the semipermeable membrane faced to the top, or to the bottom of the vessel. Released API percentage was assessed via the validated spectrophotometric method. In the study with standard placement of the ointment cell, the release rates ranged from 4.45×10-3 min-1 for a formulation containing polyacrylic acid (PA), to 6.96 × 10-3 min-1 for a formulation based on HPMC. In the group of nonionic polymers, the release rate is higher in the case of HPMC, and lower in the case of MC. In the group of anionic polymers, the release rate is higher with the formulation of a modified copolymer of acrylic acid 11 (PC11), while release from a formulation comprising a polymer PA is rather prolonged. We found that the placement of the extraction cell does not affect the alignment of the formulations investigated in terms of the release rates in the group of non-ionic formulations: HPMC > MC, and in the group of preparation of ionic polymers: PC11 > PA.
The occurrence of Entamoeba gingivalis among patients with periodontal disease
Authors: Luszczak Joanna , Bartosik Michal , Rzymowska Jolanta , Sochaczewska-Dolecka Agnieszka , Tomaszek Ewa , Wysokinska-Miszczuk Joanna , Bogucka-Kocka Anna
Published: March 2018

According to some studies, the Entamoeba gingivalis colonizing the gingival tissue is an important agent in bringing about periodontitis. Other studies, however, deem it an opportunist that is able to survive in the medium induced by periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis infection in patients from the Department of Periodontology, and compare this population with that of healthy people, so as to analyze the relationships between infection and patient sex and age. The result of this work is that in both groups, a correlation (p = 0,19) has been noted between the occurrence of amoebae and other diseases in the oral cavity. Indeed, 81,4% of all patients with some periodontal disease showed the presence of amoeba. Among those who are not afflicted with oral diseases, the presence of amoeba was indicated in 62,5% of the total. In addition, a correlation between the person's age and the presence of protozoa (p = 0,15) was strongly marked among women (p = 0,19). In the three age groups of women in this study (40-49, 60-69, and above 80 years), we observed a 100% presence of protozoa.

Our study leads us to the conclusion that infections with Entamoeba gingivalis should be regarded as an factor that is associated with the pathological changes occurring in patients with periodontal diseases.
The evaluation of 25(OH)D concentration in blood serum of chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Lewandowski Tomasz , Baginski Andrzej , Malecha-Jedraszek Arleta , Mosiewicz Jerzy , Donica Helena
Published: March 2018

This current study examined patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF) in order to ascertain the held vitamin D, based on an assessment of calcidiol [25(OH)D] concentration. It also identified and evaluated possible correlations between 25(OH)D level and the concentration of total calcium, inorganic phosphates and creatinine concentration in their serum. Herein, venous blood samples were taken from 36 patients with CHF. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiographic, as well as by electrocardiographic examinations. In this work, the control group consisted of 41 randomly selected healthy individuals. The results of our study showed that CHF patients had significantly lower concentration of 25(OH)D, as well as total calcium and inorganic phosphates. Moreover, mean creatinine concentration was higher, in comparison to the control group, but did not exhibit statistical significance. As calcium-phosphate homeostasis is regulated by numerous factors, including PTH, neurohormonal factors and calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D), it is possible that vitamin D deficiency may play a significant role in the pathomechanism of CHF, and a lowered 25(OH)D level may be related to progression of the disease.
Evaluation of the surface structure of composite restorations in light of own pilot research
Authors: Chalas Renata , Orlowski Miroslaw , Tarczydlo Bozena , Zubrzycka-Wrobel Joanna , Maj Karol , Wojcik-Checinska Ilona
Published: March 2018

Research on the dental restorative materials employed in remedying dental cavities has been conducted on many levels and areas, both with application of clinical and laboratory methods. One of the elements that determines whether the restoration may be degraded is the condition of its surface. The aim of the study was to assess the texture surface of composite restorations using a non-contact method of teeth models scanning. In this work, ten medium size cavities on the occlusal surfaces of molars in adult patients were prepared and restored with resin composite. Before undertaking the procedure and after the finishing and polishing of the restorations, impressions were taken and sent into the laboratory so as to prepare plaster casts. Every cast was then scanned utilizing the non-contact 3D surface measurement instrument so as to assess the texture surface of the restoration. The resulting three dimensional analyses of post-restoration models showed the correct marginal adaptation of resin composite dental material to the hard tooth structures and its smooth filling occlusal surface. Additional comparison of scans done before and after restoring the cavities allowed the calculating of differences in volume, mean and maximum heights. The applied method of analysis is thought to be helpful in the detailed evaluation of restoration dental material texture. Moreover, the enabled possibility of continuous observation is expedient for assessing the usefulness of the method in standard dental practice.
Influence of different excipients on the properties of hard gelatin capsules with metamizole sodium
Authors: Rogowska Magdalena , Iwaniak Karol , Polski Andrzej , Slawinska Karolina , Sobotka-Polska Karolina , Modrzewska Joanna , Poleszak Ewa
Published: March 2018

Metamizole is an effective non-opioid analgesic drug used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Due to induced potentially life-threatening blood disorders, metamizole was withdrawn from market in many parts of the world, however, it is one of the most popular analgesics in Poland that is available as an over the counter drug. Patients tend to prefer capsules over tablets, as they are easier to swallow and taste better. The powder-filled capsules also have greater bioavailability and require less excipients, as compared to tablets. Polymic excipients are mainly used in capsule filling, and have influence upon the physico-chemical properties of the hard gelatin capsules and the powder formulation. The aim of the study was to determine whether various combinations of polymers impact the disintegration time and pharmaceutical availability of hard gelatin capsules with metamizole sodium. The results of our work demonstrated that the 80% of all active substance was released in all tested formulations within 15 minutes. Herein, the capsule containing lactose monohydrate had the longest release (4% after 2 min.), while capsules containing mannitol had the fastest release (81.2% after 2 min.). Moreover, the addition of HPMC to capsules with lactose brought about a slight increase in the metamizole release rate, while the addition of PVP 30 to capsules with microcrystalline cellulose slightly accelerated release. This data suggests that the use of different polymers in capsules formulation brings about changes in the physical properties of powders and modifies the release profile of metamizole. In our study, the most preferred formulation was one containing microcrystalline cellulose (good powder properties and fairly fast release).
Selected issues concerning oral health in female patients with eating disorders: a survey study
Authors: Mazurek Mateusz , Szyszkowska Anna , Mazurek Agata , Szymanska Jolanta
Published: March 2018

The study aimed to evaluate behaviours relevant to oral health and the condition of the teeth and gums in women with eating disorders. A survey study covered a group of 30 patients aged 14-36 years suffering from diagnosed eating disorders and treated in closed psychiatric wards. The control group included 30 healthy women at the mean age corresponding to that of the patient group. The questions concerning oral health-relevant behaviours referred to the frequency of tooth brushing and the kind of toothbrush used, the frequency of dental visits, fear of dental visits, and self-evaluation of the selected items of oral health status. The survey results were analysed statistically. Behaviours relevant to oral health in women with eating disorders include increased oral hygiene and the attitude to dental visits that does not diverge from the customary one. The patients found the presence of enamel damage to be as frequent as in the healthy subjects. Eating disorders are, however, conducive to more frequent gum disorders and the feeling of dryness in the mouth.
Pericardial tamponade as the first manifestation of bronchial adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dorota Kuzemko , Dariusz Baranowski , Andrzej Prystupa , Ewa Fidor-Mikita , Patrycja Lachowska-Kotowska , Grzegorz Dzida
Published: March 2018

Case report. A 58-year-old woman was admitted to the Department of Internal Diseases due to resting dyspnoea, tachycardia and malaise. Her chest X-ray revealed inflammatory lesions, and empiric antibiotic therapy was initiated. Chest CT was then performed which showed lung tumours. During hospitalization, the patient suddenly developed cardiogenic shock induced by pericardial tamponade. The fluid from pericardium was subsequently collected. An histopathological examination of the fluid showed the presence of atypical cells. The patient then underwent bronchoscopy, the biopsy material of which revealed bronchial adenocarcinoma.
Bone metabolism and RANKL/RANK/OPG trail in periodontal disease
Authors: Czupkallo Lukasz , Rahnama Mansur , Kielbowicz Dominik , Lobacz Michal , Kozicka-Czupkallo Maryla
Published: March 2018

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of multifactorial etiology. In order for it to appear there must come to an imbalance between the effects of pathogens and host defense mechanisms. As a result of its course the destruction of structures supporting the teeth appears (periodontium, cement, bone), and consequently leads to teeth loosening and loss. In recent years, the participation of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone remodeling process was highligted.

At the molecular level the bone resorption is regulated through the interaction of the ligand receptor activator of nuclear NF-kappa B (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is a system of two proteins belonging to the protein tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Recent findings about the RANKL protein and OPG have shed new light on the previously unexplained phenomenon of the basis of bone resorption.

Research has shown that both protein OPG and RANKL can be detected in gingival crevicular fluid, which has become a window of opportunity in the analysis of non-invasive markers of periodontal tissues, confirming elevated levels of RANKL protein in periodontal disease, and decreased levels of OPG protein. Bone resorption is initiated by the binding of the RANKL protein to receptors RANK present on the surface of mature osteoclasts, and their precursors, which leads to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. OPG, being RANKL’s inhibitor, has, in turn, opposite characteristics to RANKL, resulting in the reduction of osteoclastogenesis process. Despite all this, the exact mechanism of bone resorption has not yet been elucidated.
The influence of renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers on asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Heleniak Zbigniew , Zdrojewski Zbigniew , Wisniewski Piotr , Bieniaszewski Leszek , Rutkowski Boleslaw , Debska-Slizien Alicja
Published: March 2018

Endothelial dysfunction could be related to the limited availability of nitric oxide (NO). NO is synthesized with the participation of an NO synthase whose activity is inhibited by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). The synthesis of ADMA is exacerbated by oxidative stress, and several studies have shown the efficacy of drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists) in reducing the level of ADMA. The probable mechanism of drug action is a reduction of oxidative stress through a decrease of angiotensin II formation. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of RAAS blockers on the plasma concentration of ADMA in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (ChGN). The study included 37 patients, placed into group A and group B, depending on the treatment. Both groups were treated with RAAS blockers. In group B, immunosuppressive drugs were additionally administered. The control visits were at the 0, 6 and 12 months of observation. In both the studied groups (A+B), a significant reduction of ADMA (0.77 vs 0.4 μmol/l; p<0.05) was noticed. In patients suffering from ChGN, the use of RAAS blockers resulted in a significant decrease of plasma ADMA concentration, independently of immunosupressive treatment.
Externalizing Behavior and Psychopathy: A Social Relations Analysis
Authors: Marcus David K. , Robinson Samantha L. , Eichenbaum Alexander E.
Published: March 2018

Most conceptualizations of psychopathy emphasize its interpersonal consequences, yet most research on psychopathy has been conducted at the individual level. In small groups, well-acquainted members of sororities and fraternities (N = 111) rated one another and themselves on a variety of externalizing behaviors (e.g., cheating, risky sex), and completed a self-report measure of psychopathy. There was consensus about the extent to which members of the groups engaged in these behaviors. The associations between these target effects and respondents' self-reports suggest that these consensual judgments were reasonably accurate. Individuals who reported higher levels of psychopathic personality traits were seen as more likely to engage in externalizing behaviors, with self-centered impulsivity most strongly associated with these behaviors. Although fearless dominance was unrelated to self-reported externalizing behaviors, it was related to peers' ratings of marijuana use, academic dishonesty, and future legal troubles, suggesting that individuals high in fearless dominance may underreport their problem behaviors.
Las instituciones en la administración financiera de las misiones diplomáticas de Colombia en el exterior
Authors: Trujillo Acosta Iván Alejandro
Published: March 2018

La administración de las misiones diplomáticas es un tema importante para el entendimiento de las relaciones exteriores entre los Estados, ya que esclarece el funcionamiento interno de las misiones como unidades de gestión en el exterior de sus cancillerías. En ese sentido, este artículo busca presentar el papel que tienen las instituciones en la administración de las misiones diplomáticas de Colombia, en especial con relación al manejo de sus recursos financieros. Lo anterior, sobre la base que las misiones son unidades de gestión de sus cancillerías, los cuales a su vez son organizaciones multinacionales de los Estados que desarrollan su política exterior.
Gestión integral en las empresas sociales del Estado (ESE) del distrito capital de Bogotá
Authors: Pereira Oviedo Adriana
Published: March 2018

El presente estudio muestra el resultado del diseño y validación de una propuesta metodológica de gestión integral para las empresas eociales del Estado (ESE) de la red pública del distrito capital, cuya finalidad es presentar una alternativa para la eficaz administración de los doce (12) sistemas de gestión que estas entidades deben implementar conforme a la normatividad vigente. Para el diseño de la propuesta se utilizó un método mixto, desarrollado por fases a través de las cuales se identifican factores de éxito, un eje articulador para la implementación, mantenimiento y mejora de los sistemas de gestión y cinco aspectos trazadores que se consideran fundamentales para lograr apropiación del proyecto de integración. La propuesta metodológica diseñada y ajustada de conformidad con los resultados obtenidos fue implementada en una de las ESE de la red pública del distrito capital, con el fin de evaluar su desempeño y determinar su aplicabilidad y utilidad para lograr la eficaz administración de los sistemas de gestión de obligatoria implementación en las ESE del Distrito Capital, con lo cual se concluye sobre su viabilidad y se proporcionan un conjunto de recomendaciones para orientar el aprovechamiento de los resultados obtenidos.
Propuesta metodológica para articular la gestión documental con los requisitos de la Ley General de Archivos y la norma técnica internacional ISO 9001:2015
Authors: Puentes Poloche Maribel
Published: March 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar una propuesta metodológica que permitiera articular la gestión documental cumpliendo con la Ley General de Archivos con la norma técnica de calidad ISO 9001:2015. Lo anterior, con el  ánimo de que cualquier organización en Colombia implemente ambos sistemas sin que en la práctica surjan inconvenientes relacionados con el origen de la gestión documental como función archivística y el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad como un enfoque por procesos. Como resultado de esta investigación, se hizo la elaboración de una propuesta metodológica para la articulación de la gestión documental con el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad teniendo en cuenta los niveles estratégico, técnico y humano y, al interior de cada uno de ellos el ciclo PHVA. Además, un anexo para la alta dirección, quien toma las decisiones estratégicas y un segundo documento a coordinadores o personal encargado de lineamientos en materia documental y de gestión de calidad. Finalmente, la validación por juicio de expertos para que con sus conocimientos y experiencia se hiciera la versión final de la propuesta. La escogencia de la oficina del Convenio USTA–ICONTEC se hizo por el cumplimiento de las siguientes condiciones: implementación de ambos sistemas, fácil acceso a la documentación e información y la colaboración de funcionarios encargados de los lineamientos de calidad y de archivo. Sin embargo, la metodología propuesta es aplicable a cualquier otra entidad pública o privada que quiera implementar de manera articulada el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad y la gestión documental, la cual debe cumplir con los requisitos de la Ley General de Archivos.
Guía para la implementación de NTC ISO 9001:2008, NTC ISO 14001:2004 y NTC OHSAS 18001:2007, basada en los hallazgos de las auditorías de certificación realizadas por el ICONTEC entre junio de 2012 y junio de 2015
Authors: Abreo Rojas Nicolai , Pinzón Rodríguez Nelson Nelson
Published: March 2018

La presente investigación tiene como propósito orientar a las organizaciones, a través de una guía, en la identificación de los aspectos más relevantes a tomar en cuenta para asegurar la implementación, mantenimiento y mejora de la eficacia de los sistemas de gestión de la calidad, gestión ambiental y seguridad y salud ocupacional, basados en las normas ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 y OHSAS 18001:2007. La información obtenida y analizada en la investigación, como elemento de entrada para la elaboración de la guía, corresponde a los informes de auditorías de tercera parte realizadas por el ICONTEC en el período de tiempo comprendido entre junio de 2012 y junio de 2015. La intención investigativa fue capitalizar las experiencias de las empresas con sistemas de gestión consolidados, a través de sus hallazgos de auditoría (no conformidades y aspectos por mejorar), en favor de empresas que se encuentran en cualquier etapa de implementación, con el fin de encontrar los elementos de gestión, y en algunos casos herramientas prácticas, que permitan una administración más eficaz. Se identificaron los temas de gestión que con mayor frecuencia presentaron desviaciones negativas, resultados que se pueden deber a varios factores como: rotación en las organizaciones de personal, errores de planificación de los procesos y actividades, falta de seguimiento o baja competencia de los auditores internos, pero los resultados muestran que existe dificultad en el aseguramiento de la implementación por parte de los responsables de estos aspectos, aún en sistemas de gestión maduros.
Az Érzelemszabályozás és az érzelmi intelligencia kapcsolata kognitív átkeretezési feladatban
Authors: Bodrogi Barbara , Bereczkei Tamás , Deák Anita
Published: March 2018

Az affektív pszichológiában jelen lévő számos irányvonal rámutat az érzelmi jelenségek összetettségére, sokszínűségére. Az érzelemszabályozás és az érzelmi intelligencia szakirodalma az affektív folyamatok más-más aspektusára koncentrál. Az érzelemszabályozás leírja, milyen érzelmet élünk át, mikor és mennyire tartósan, valamint az átélt érzelmekből mit és hogyan fejezünk ki. Az érzelmi intelligencia (EQ) szakértői pedig az érzelmek azonosításában, megértésében, kifejezésében és szabályozásában megmutatkozó egyéni különbségeket kutatják. Jelen tanulmányban e két kutatási területet közelítettük egymáshoz. Az érzelmi intelligencia érzelemszabályozásra gyakorolt hatását vizsgáltuk önkitöltős kérdőívekkel és egy általunk kidolgozott, kognitív átkeretezést igénylő feladattal. A feladat során ugyanazt a képi ingert különböző hívószavakkal láttuk el, és arra kértük a személyeket, hogy ezek mentén képzeljék el a helyzetet, engedjék át magukat az érzéseiknek. Kognitív átkeretezési feladat előtt és után rögzítettük az érzelmi ingerekre adott válaszaikat, és megkérdeztük, mennyire volt nehéz az átkeretezés végrehajtása.

Eredményeink szerint kevesebb érzelemszabályozási nehézséget mutattak, és könnyebbnek találták az átkeretezési feladatot azok, akik magasabb pontot értek el az érzelmi intelligencia kérdőíven (szemben az alacsonyabb pontszámmal rendelkezőkkel). Az átkeretezés előtt kevésbé kellemes, intenzív érzésekről számoltak be, melyeket az átkeretezés eredményeképpen képesek voltak módosítani, mind a kellemesség tekintetében a pozitív érzelmek felé, mind az intenzitás tekintetében a csillapítás felé.

Mindezek alapján arra következtetünk, hogy az érzelmi intelligencia mértéke pozitívan befolyásolja az érzelemszabályozás folyamatát. A magasabb érzelmi intelligencia jelenléte valószínűsíti a hatékony és rugalmas regulációt. Továbbá kutatásunk alátámasztja azokat a korábbi kutatási eredményeket, melyek szerint a magas érzelmi intelligenciával rendelkezők elmélyülnek az érzelmekben, és elkerülés helyett „szembenéznek” a negatív affektív állapotokkal.
A placebo alkalmazásának etikai vonatkozásai
Authors: Bodnár Vivien , Bárdos György
Published: March 2018

Jelen tanulmány a placebo terápiás és klinikai kutatásokban történő felhasználásának etikai kérdéseit veszi sorra, külön hangsúlyt helyezve a megtévesztés, az egészségügyi hátrány, a kutatási torzítás és a teljes körű tájékoztatás kérdéskörére. Az összefoglaló kitér a terápiás és klinikai hatásvizsgálatok során alkalmazott gyakorlati placebófelhasználás jellemzőire, összefoglalva a téma kurrens irodalmát, külön hangsúllyal a Köteles és munkatársai (2007) összefoglalóját követő, szakterületet érintő fejleményekre és kutatási eredményekre. A 20. századot követően a farmakocentrikus orvostudomány, főleg az etikai kérdésfelvetés mentén, a placebót negatívnak bélyegezte, ezen bélyeg pedig begyűrűzött a gyógyítás makrokontextusába, befolyásolva és nehezítve a placebo hatékony felhasználását a betegségek gyógyításában, az öngyógyító mechanizmusok elősegítésében és a tünetek enyhítésében. Napjainkra azonban a placebo témakörében végzett kutatások egyértelmű eredményeinek köszönhetően egyrészről a placebo felhasználását vitató kérdés fókusza a „lehet-e” kérdésről a „szabad-e” kérdésre módosult, az etikai megfontolások mentén pedig a fókusz tovább változik, immár nem a „szabad-e”, hanem a „hogyan kell alkalmazni” válik releváns kérdéssé.
Az affektív tényezők szerepe a végrehajtó funkcióban: A „meleg” végrehajtó funkció
Authors: Józsa Gabriella , Józsa Krisztián
Published: March 2018

A végrehajtó funkció (Executive Function; EF) fogalma néhány évtizeddel ezelőtt került a tudományos figyelem középpontjába. Mára nem csupán az idegtudomány, hanem számos más tudományterület is foglalkozik a végrehajtó funkcióval, annak működésével, fejlődésével és a magasabb rendű kognitív folyamatokban (pl. célorientált viselkedés, problémamegoldás) betöltött szerepével. A kutatók sokáig figyelmen kívül hagyták a motiváció és az érzelem szerepét az EF vizsgálatakor, azonban ez a 2000-es évek elején megváltozott, és két dimenziót különítettek el. Az egyik a hideg („cool”) EF, mely az affektív tényezőktől mentes kognitív funkciókat vizsgálja, a másik a meleg („hot”) EF, amely figyelembe veszi a motiváció és érzelem hatását a kognitív teljesítményre. Tanulmányunkban – a hazai szakirodalomban elsőként – nyújtunk elméleti áttekintést e két dimenzió elkülönítésére irányuló vizsgálatokról. Körbejárjuk a meleg EF-fel kapcsolatos kutatásokat, bemutatjuk a meleg EF vizsgálati módszereit, valamint a különböző érzelmi ingerek hatását az EF-teljesítményre.
How water challenges can shape tomorrow’s cities
Authors: Dolman Nanco , Ogunyoye Fola
Published: March 2018

Over 80% of cities have been built next to rivers, which in turn have become polluted and prone to overtopping their banks. Many cities are also subject to coastal flooding. As this paper describes, water challenges in urban areas include contamination of water sources, lack of potable water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, storm water floods, subsidence, environmental impact and diseases. Dealing with these issues – plus climate change and ongoing urbanisation – calls for innovative ideas when planning for water in the development of urban areas.
Mikrostruktur Dan Komposisi Fasa Pelet Sinter UO2 Dengan Penambahan Dopan Logam Zirkonium
Authors: Yulianto Tri , Mutiara Etty
Published: March 2018

Telah dilakukan karakterisasi pelet UO2 sebagai bahan bakar PWR dengan penambahan dopan logam zirkonium pada pelet UO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan logam zirkonium terhadap mikrostruktur dan komposisi fasa pelet UO2 maupun stoikiometri (O/U) ratio. Logam zirkonium yang ditambahkan diharapkan terdistribusi merata dalam pelet UO2 sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelet UO2. Pelet UO2 difabrikasi dengan cara kompaksi dan penyinteran pada variasi penambahan logam zirkonium sebesar 0,3%, 0,5% dan 0,9% berat. Pelet UO2 hasil kompaksi kemudian disinter pada temperatur 17000C dengan laju pemanasan 250 0C/jam selama 3 jam dalam media campuran gas hidrogen. Pelet UO2 hasil sinter dikarakterisasi meliputi pengamatan visual, pengukuran densitas, pengamatan mikrostruktur menggunakan mikroskop optik dengan perbesaran 500x dan analisis fasa dengan difraksi sinar-X (XRD). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan dopan logam Zr sebesar 0,3%; 0,5% dan 0,9%berat tidak terdapat cacat maupun retak pada pelet UO2hasil sinter . Pelet sinter mempunyai rentang densitas 91% - 93% TD dan memenuhi persyaratan sebagai bahan bakar PWR. Sementara itu, hasil analisis mikrostruktur pelet UO2 dengan variasi persentase logam zirkonium diketahui bahwa keberadaan logam zirkonium tidak dapat dikonfirmasikan. Sementara itu, hasil evaluasi  data uji XRD menggunakan perangkat lunak HighScore melalui pencocokan kurva hasil uji dengan struktur dari data base diperoleh struktur dan komposisi fasa dalam pelet hasil sinter. Fasa yang terbentuk pada pelet sinter UO2 tanpa penambahan Zr dan dengan variasi penambahan Zr adalah senyawa UO2 dan UO3. Fraksi senyawa UO3 dalam pelet sinter UO2 berbanding lurus dengan persentase penambahan zirkonium yang ditunjukkan oleh stoikiometrinya (O/U) berdasarkan fraksi fasa yang terbentuk.Kata kunci: pelet UO2 , logam Zr,  densitas, mikrostruktur, komposisi fasa
DISCIPLINARIZACIÓN, PROFESIONALIZACIÓN E INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Ossa Montoya Arley Fabio , Zambrano Gutiérrez Ivannsan , García García José Joaquin
Published: March 2018

En el artículo se analiza el campo enunciativo de sujetos, instituciones y discursos en el que la educación física se ordenó, funcionó y transformó en las primeras décadas del siglo xx en Colombia. El análisis se centra en el periodo de 1930 a 1950, momento en el cual se visibilizan condiciones de existencia y emergencia, en las que esta muestra un estatus disciplinar y profesional, en paralelo a una significativa institucionalización. La investigación se realiza desde la perspectiva de la arqueología del saber, en la que se usan herramientas propuestas por Foucault para la indagación del saber, con el propósito de visibilizar las condiciones que posibilitaron que en el seno de los saberes modernos que circularon en el país en ese periodo se estableciera una diferencia respecto a las transformaciones epistémicas acaecidas en los años treinta para la educación física. Sumado a ello, se muestra el nudo de variables biopolíticas que la fomentaban, para constituirla en un eje en la formación de la persona, en función de las demandas que reclamaba la racionalidad política instalada en el periodo de estudio.
ÉRAMOS NIÑOS Y QUERÍAMOS CORRER Y JUGAR. LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA MÁS ALLÁ DE LAS NORMAS Y LOS MUROS DE LA ESCUELA
Authors: Cortés Murillo Jhon Carlos , Villada Johao Certuche
Published: March 2018

El presente estudio es un ejercicio interpretativo sobre el desarrollo individual y profesional de una persona del común permeada por la educación física, sus disposiciones prácticas y discursivas. En la primera parte, se hace una breve remembranza de la Educación física en Colombia; enseguida, se presenta la metodología empleada en este trabajo, a saber, historia de vida apoyado en el uso de en trevistas a profundidad que fueron derivadas del modelo multi-dimensional propuesto por Atkinson (1998). En tercer lugar, se presenta la narración de la protagonista; este relato ha aportado un nuevo paisaje de observación complejo y fértil que articula las experiencias del sujeto con los elementos sociales y humanos de la formación en la profesión. Finalmente, el artículo concluye afirmando que problematizar la educación física y su devenir en el tiempo a partir de las voces, relatos y narrativas de quienes la viven cotidianamente permite explicar hasta cierto punto el conjunto de sentidos y significados que subyacen en la relación que cada individuo entabla con el modelo preponderante de la disciplina.