bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axitinib-Induced Hypothyroidism as a Predictor of Long-Term Survival in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Takada Shinya , Hashishita Hirokazu , Nagamori Satoshi , Endo Masayuki
Published: April 2019

Background: The side effects of sunitinib, namely onset of hypertension and hypothyroidism, have been reported to be predictive biomarkers of treatment efficacy. However, the relationship between hypothyroidism and prolongation of survival in treatment with axitinib, a drug similar to sunitinib, has not yet been reported. Objective: In this study, we examined the relationship between the onset of hypothyroidism caused by axitinib and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Methods: In this retrospective study, 44 Japanese patients, including 30 men and 14 women, were enrolled. The average age of subjects in this study was 67 years. Results: During treatment, 68% of patients developed hypothyroidism, with an average peak thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value of 15.7 mIU/L. Patients with TSH > 4 mIU/L and required thyroid hormone regulation with levothyroxine had prolonged PFS (11.1 vs. 3.5 months; p = 0.002) and OS (26.4 vs. 15.6 months; p = 0.02). Hypothyroidism was found to be a significant side effect of axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Patients with hypothyroidism had significantly longer PFS and OS. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that hypothyroidism may be a predictive marker of therapeutic effect of axitinib against mRCC.
REVIEW ON AFLATOXIN IN INDONESIAN FOOD- AND FEEDSTUFFS AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Authors: DHARMAPUTRA OKKY SETYAWATI
Published: April 2019

Â Aflatoxin is a human carcinogen thatÂ  could contaminate food- and feedstuffs, and hence is a major food quality problem throughout the world. Afiatoxin is produced by certain strains of AspergillusJlavus and //. parasiticus. A number of studies have been carried out in Indonesia on atlatoxin contamination in Indonesian food- and feedstuffs and their products from 1990 up to present. They were maize, maize product, peanuts, soybean and soybean meal, black and white pepper, feed ingredients; chicken and duck feeds. Samples were collected from farmers, traders (middlemen), retailers (markets), supermarkets, exporters; poultry and duck community-based farms; and feed mi l lÂ  industries. High levels of aflatoxins were often found in maize, peanuts, chicken feed derived from markets, and duck feed. Low levels of aflatoxins were found in soybean meal and chicken feedstuff. Aflatoxins were not detected in soybean, black and white pepper. Other studies have also been carried out on the effect of carbondioxide (CO2), phosphine, black pepper extract and antagonistic fungi on aflatoxin production ofÂ  A. flavus in vitro\Â  and the effect of airtight storage, phosphine, ammonium hydroxide, fermentation process, bag types, and phosphine in combination with different bag types on atlatoxin contents of maize, peanuts and soybean meal. Some of these methods reduced aflatoxin contents significantly. Keywords: Aspergillus flavus I Aflatoxin / Food-and feed stuffs / Product
Introduction: Mobility Transformations and Cultural Exchange in Mongol Eurasia
Authors: Biran Michal
Published: April 2019

The Mongol Empire is as an early example of the transformative role of mobility, celebrated in the contemporary social sciences. The only way in which the Mongols who by the time of Chinggis Khan numbered less than a million nomads, were able to create and rule their huge empire was by fully mobilizing the resources—both human and material—from the regions under their control. This high measure of mobility fostered robust cross-cultural exchanges in various fields, resulting in a huge expansion of knowledge and connectivity, cultural relativism, and a common imperial culture—political, material, institutional—with regional variants. These developments set the stage for major transformations in world history. The introduction presents the articles included in this special issue, which tackle various case-studies of mobility and transformation while looking at the Mongol Empire in Eurasian perspective, and highlighting the impact of the Mongols’ indigenous culture on the proto-global world of the 13th and 14th centuries.
Reflections on the Islamization of Mongol Khans in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Jackson Peter
Published: April 2019

This paper compares the process of Islamization in the three westernmost Mongol states: the Chaghadaid Khanate in Central Asia; the Ilkhanate in Iran and Iraq; and the Jochid ulus (the Golden Horde) in the Pontic-Caspian steppes and the Volga region. It explores in greater depth the hallmarks of conversion, the agents of, and the motives for, Islamization and the limitations of its effects on royal policy. In particular, it highlights the tension between Islamic notions and the concept of religious pluralism that was central to the corpus of Mongol law (Yasa) established by Chinggis Khan.
Libraries, Books, and Transmission of Knowledge in Ilkhanid Baghdad
Authors: Biran Michal
Published: April 2019

The destruction of the Baghdadi libraries has been a powerful image connected to the Mongol conquest of 1258, often claimed to have precipitated the decline of Muslim civilization. This study, however, challenges this claim by reconstructing the state of libraries in Ilkhanid Baghdad, revealing a thriving intellectual community. Based on a close reading in Arabic biographical dictionaries and analysis of samāʿ and book lists, it elucidates the functions of libraries in Ilkhanid Baghdad, identifies channels of knowledge transmission, and offers a glimpse of the libraries’ holdings. Finally, it analyzes the Mongols’ role in invigorating local scholarship and the impact their rule had on Baghdad’s intellectual life.
Accommodating Security Imperatives v. Protecting Fundamental Rights
Authors: Turkut Emre
Published: April 2019

This article seeks to illuminate the use of exceptional national security and emergency powers in the fight against terrorism in Turkey. The article is organized in four parts. Section i looks at the role of terrorism in the activation and justification of a state of emergency and introduces the Turkish case within this context. Section ii explores the historical origins of the Turkish state of emergency regime and analyses the principles regulating emergency regime at the Turkish domestic level. Section iii examines the operation of governmental emergency powers by providing an analysis of the state of emergency practices in Turkey, both past and present. A principal focus is necessarily directed at the state of emergency and the measures deployed within this framework in Turkey’s predominantly Kurdish southeast, where emergency rule was in force from 1987 to 2002, and the recent nationwide state of emergency in the wake of the 15 July attempted coup. Section iv presents concluding remarks.
Virtue and Civic Values in Early Modern Jesuit Education
Authors: Kainulainen Jaska
Published: April 2019

The article suggests that by offering education in the studia humanitatis the Jesuits made an important contribution to early modern political culture. The Jesuit education facilitated the establishment of political rule or administration of civic affairs in harmony with Christian virtues, and produced generations of citizens who, while studying under the Jesuits, learned to identify piety with civic values. In educating such citizens the Jesuit pedagogues relied heavily on classical rhetoric as formulated by Cicero (106–43 bc), Quintilian (35–100), and Aristotle (384–322 bc). The article depicts the Jesuits as civic educators and active members of respublica christiana. In so doing, the article emphasizes the importance of Jesuit education to early modern political life.
Early Guaraní Printing: Nieremberg’s De la diferencia and the Global Dissemination of Seventeenth-Century Spanish Asceticism
Authors: Hendrickson D. Scott
Published: April 2019

This article examines both how and why the Spanish Jesuit Juan Eusebio Nieremberg’s (1595–1658) once famous treatise De la diferencia entre lo temporal y eterno (1640) came to be translated and printed in the Paraguay reductions in 1705, the significance it holds in the transmission of Iberian asceticism to the American missions and how Juan Yaparí and other Guaraní craftsmen participated in its printing and enhanced its illustration. It situates the Guaraní imprint within the context of early modern mission practices and the book-trade of Counter-Reformation Europe, and seeks to show how—in what some scholars consider to be a collaborative enterprise between missionaries of the Society of Jesus and the tribal peoples—the Guaraní edition of the treatise sheds light on the vast global network the Jesuits established in their transmission of faith and knowledge between Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
Moral Economy and the Jesuits
Authors: Vismara (†) Paola
Published: April 2019

In this article, originally published in French under the title “Les jésuites et la morale économique” (Dix-septième siècle 237, no. 4 [2007]: 739–54), Paola Vismara presents the Jesuits’ major contributions to the teaching of moral economy from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. In particular, Vismara explores Jesuit doctrines on moral economy and focuses on various Jesuit approaches to the problems of contracts and the management of capital, with particular attention paid to lending at interest. Retracing the most significant early modern Jesuit theologians’ contributions to issues of moral economy, including the treatise of Leonard Lessius, Vismara paints a complex picture, highlighting the new ideas contained in the works of the Jesuit theologians, shedding light on disputes between probabilist and rigorist theologians, and discussing the Roman Church’s responses to various theological orientations to moral economy over three centuries.
The Letter of the Madonna to the People of Messina in Chinese by the Jesuit Metello Saccano: An Unknown Seventeenth-Century Manuscript
Authors: Giuliano Agostino , Scarpari Maurizio
Published: April 2019

The depository of the Regional Museum of Messina preserves a small, frail canvas bearing two inscriptions. The first, particularly fragmented, is in Italian in four lines, while the second is in Chinese characters in fourteen columns. The museum documentation provides no information regarding the manuscript’s significance, author, origin, and period. This article shows that the manuscript is a Chinese version of the legendary Letter of the Madonna, the letter of protection that Mary is said to have delivered to a delegation from Messina that accompanied Paul the Apostle to Jerusalem. Furthermore, the article identifies the manuscript’s author and the date of composition: the Sicilian Jesuit Metello Saccano (1612–62), a missionary in China and Cochin China from 1644 until his death. Intent on spreading the cult of the Madonna of the Letter, in the early 1660s, he sent this elegant Chinese version of the letter to Placido Giunta (1593–1674), his spiritual director and the rector of the Jesuit novitiate of Messina.
Revision of Mesitiinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar, with description of eleven new species
Authors: BARBOSA DIEGO N. , AZEVEDO CELSO O.
Published: April 2019

Thirteen species of Mesitiinae from Madagascar are recognized. Pilomesitius madagascarensis Móczár, Zimankos madagascarensis (Móczár), and eleven new species: Anaylax betsileo Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., A. mahafaly Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., Clytrovorus bara Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., C. merina Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., C. zafimaniry Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., Codorcas antanosy Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., Itapayos antaimoro Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., Itapayos mikea Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., Pycnomesitius tanala Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., Zimankos makoa Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov., Z. sakalava Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov. One new combination is proposed: Zimankos madagascarensis Móczár 1970, comb. nov. from Sulcomesitius with the discovery of its male. A key of Malagasy Mesitiinae species are provided.
First record of a fossil larva of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber
Authors: MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , WEDMANN SONJA , WEITERSCHAN THOMAS
Published: April 2019

A fossil larva of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) is recorded for the first time from Baltic amber. The subfamilial and generic affinities of this larva are discussed. It is assumed that it may belong to Prolachlanius resinatus, the most common hemerobiid species from the Eocene Baltic amber forest. An updated list of extant species of Hemerobiidae with described larvae is provided.
Reassessment of the Jurassic damsel-dragonfly genus Karatawia (Odonata: Campterophlebiidae)
Authors: LI YONG-JUN , NEL ANDRÉ , REN DONG , ZHANG BING-LAN , PANG HONG
Published: April 2019

A new species Karatawia sinica Li, Nel et Ren, sp. nov. is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation, and compared with the other species of this genus. As it is based on a new fossil with fore- and hindwings preserved, it confirms the attribution of Karatawia sibirica to this genus, of Karatawia to the Campterophlebiidae, and the synonymy of the Karatawiidae with this family. Otherwise, the two other species K. mongolica and K. shurabica, which are based on more incomplete specimens, are more properly to be considered as Campterophlebiidae incertae sedis.
Squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheoidea and Chirostyloidea) collected during the TALUD XIV cruise in the Gulf of California, Mexico, and rediscovery of Gastroptychus perarmatus (Haig, 1968) in the eastern Pacific
Authors: HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: April 2019

Seven species of squat lobsters were collected during the TALUD XIV cruise in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Gastrop-tychus perarmatus (Haig, 1968) was collected for the second time since it was described and represents a first record ofthe genus in the tropical eastern Pacific. Its association with gorgonians is also noted from color pictures taken during adeep-water dive in another cruise in the area. Janetogalathea californiensis (Benedict, 1902) was captured in four sam-pling stations, in the same area where it has been previously reported. Three species of Munida Leach, 1820 were collected(M. bapensis Hendrickx, 2000, M. mexicana Benedict, 1902, and M. tenella Benedict, 1902). Records of M. bapensis ofthis cruise combined with additional captures of this species in 2007 in the same area indicate that it is the most abundantdeep-water species of squat lobster in the northern part of the central Gulf of California. Among the species of Munida,M. tenella was second in abundance and included specimens much larger than previously known. The single record forM. mexicana fits within the currently known depth and geographical ranges. Only one species of Munidopsis Whiteaves,1874 (M. depressa Faxon, 1892) was collected, in one of the deeper sampling stations visited during the cruise and itsnorthernmost distribution limit within the Gulf of California is increased by ca two degrees of latitude. The seventh speciescollected during this survey, Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson, 1860, is a common inhabitant of the California Current and the Gulf of California.
Paracaesio brevidentata n. sp., a new snapper (Lutjanidae: Apsilinae) from Indonesia
Authors: WHITE WILLIAM T. , LAST PETER R.
Published: April 2019

Paracaesio brevidentata, a new species of apsiline lutjanid fish from southeastern Indonesia, is described, bringing thetotal number of known species in this deepwater snapper genus to nine. The new species is distinguished from its conge-ners by the following combination of characters: very small teeth in jaws without enlarged canines, tubular lateral-linescales 71–73, pectoral-fin rays 18 or 19, caudal fin deeply forked, penultimate rays of soft dorsal and anal fins not longerthan adjacent rays, snout short, maxilla scaly and body purplish brown and caudal fin reddish with upper and lower lobessimilar in colour. Members of the genus are distinguished in a key. A specimen of Paracaesio caerulea from southeastern Indonesia represents the first record of this species from Indonesian waters.
A new species of the gobiid genus Eviota (Teleostei: Gobioidei) from the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand
Authors: HOESE DOUGLASS F. , STEWART ANDREW L.
Published: April 2019

Eviota kermadecensis is described as a new species from the Kermadec Islands, mainly from Raoul Island, and is the onlyspecies of Eviota known from the Kermadec Islands. It is most similar to E. abax and E. masudai from Japan in morphol-ogy and fin-ray counts. All three species normally have I,10 second dorsal fin-ray counts. Eviota kermadecensis differs largely in coloration. The species has a ratio of 1.5 females to males and males average a larger size.
A revision of Biting Midges of the Subgenera Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) and F. (Saliohelea) from Costa Rica (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: SPINELLI GUSTAVO R. , MARINO PABLO I. , BORKENT ART
Published: April 2019

The Costa Rican species of the subgenus Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) Saunders are revised, primarily based on males. Fourteen new species are described and illustrated, F. (M.) pluvialis Malloch is redescribed, and a key to males and females is provided. One new species of the subgenus Forcipomyia (Saliohelea) Wirth & Ratanaworabhan is described and illustrated and F. (S.) leei Wirth & Ratanaworabhan is redescribed. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) pechumani Bystrak & Wirth is transferred to the subgenus F. (Saliohelea). All adult F. (Metaforcipomyia) lack a hind tibial comb and males have antennal flagellomeres 5–8 fused and these are proposed synapomorphies of the subgenus. A truncate labrum is present in F. pluvialis, F. rivalis n. sp. and F. truncata n. sp. and is a derived feature indicating these species form a monophyletic group. We were unable to suggest a synapomorphy indicating the monophyly of F. (Saliohelea). Nearly all Costa Rican members of the subgenera F. (Metaforcipomyia) and F. (Saliohelea) are restricted to wet habitats and are excluded from the dry northwestern portion of this country. Eleven of the 15 new species described herein are present in the lowlands of Costa Rica, suggesting they are actually more broadly distributed to the north and/or south.
A new species of Catocala Schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) from China
Authors: SALDAITIS AIDAS , IVINSKIS POVILAS , FLORIANI ALESSANDRO , BABICS JÁNOS
Published: April 2019

A new species, Catocala borthi, from southwest China is described. The new species differs in appearance, genitalia and DNA from its closest known relative C. koreana Staudinger, 1892 and from the sympatric C. fulminea (Scopoli, 1763). In addition, three taxa, Catocala invasa Leech, 1900, syn. n., Catocala invasa melli Ishizuka 2001, syn. n. and Catocala fulminea tungus Ishizuka 2009, syn. n. are synonymised with Catocala fulminea fulminea (Scopoli, 1763).  DNA barcodes (658 base pairs of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I 5' region, COI-5P) were sequenced at the University of Guelph (see Hebert et al. 2003). Nomenclature follows  Goater et al. 2003; Ishizuka 2001, 2009, 2011; Kononenko et al. 1998; Kononenko 2011; Park et al. 2006).  Institutional acronyms are:  AFM = Alessandro Floriani (Milan, Italy); BMNH – British Museum (Natural History), London; GBG/ZSM = Gottfried Behounek (Grafing, Germany)/Zoologische Staatssammlung, München (Germany); HNHM – Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest, Hungary); NRCV = Nature Research Centre (Vilnius, Lithuania).
Cave shrimps Troglocaris s. str. (Dormitzer, 1853), taxonomic revision and description of new taxa after phylogenetic and morphometric studies
Authors: JUGOVIC JURE , JALŽIĆ BRANKO , PREVORČNIK SIMONA , SKET BORIS
Published: April 2019

Within the Dinaric genus Troglocaris cave shrimps from the subgenus Troglocaris s. str. (Dormitzer, 1853) (Crustacea:Decapoda: Atyidae), have the widest distribution area. The recent molecular analyses have revealed significant, crypticdiversity in the subgenus. The aim of the subsequent detailed morphometric analyses was the provision of the appropriatediagnosable characters for the discovered lineages, i.e. taking care of their taxonomical visibility. We herein designate aneotype and provide a detailed description for the polytipic type species of the genus T. (T.) anophthalmus (Kollar, 1848), toenable its morphological distinction from the erroneously described T. (T.) planinensis Birštejn, 1948. Considering acombination of morphological, geographical and molecular data, we describe four new subspecies: T. (T.) a. ocellata ssp. nov.,T. (T.) a. periadriatica ssp. nov., T. (T.) a. legovici ssp. nov. and T. (T.) a. sontica ssp. nov., apart from the extant T. (T.) a.intermedia Babić, 1922. Due to a considerable morphological variability and no easily observable diagnostic morphological characters, the GenBank accession numbers for the COI gene are added in all mentioned taxa.
New species of Chilean Hexathelidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
Authors: T. T. DUNIESKY RIOS , GOLOBOFF PABLO A.
Published: April 2019

Several new species of Hexathelidae Simon (1892) from Chile are described. In Scotinoecus Simon (1892), a new species(S. ruiles) is described using females; a new species (S. major) is proposed for the male previously misidentified as S.cinereopilosus (Simon, 1889), and females are described; the male of S. cinereopilosus is described for the first time. InMediothele, the female of M. australis is described for the first time, as well as five new species (M. minima, M. linares,M. nahuelbuta, M. anae and M. lagos); all are based solely on females from Southern and Central Chile. The known geographic distributions of both genera are increased.
First record of Cyrtogenius Strohmeyer in Europe, with a key to the European genera of the tribe Dryocoetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
Authors: FACCOLI MASSIMO , SIMONATO MAURO , TOFFOLO EDOARDO PETRUCCO
Published: April 2019

The genus Cyrtogenius Strohmeyer, represented by the species C. luteus (Blandford, 1894), is reported for the first time in Europe. Many adults were collected for four consecutive years (2009–2012) in various localities of northern Italy in both multifunnel and cross-vane traps baited with multilure blends. A diagnosis of the species and a revised key to the European genera of tribe Dryocoetini Lindemann is also reported. An explanation is suggested for the increasing number of recent introductions of exotic scolytids into Europe.
Revision of the genus Parequula (Pisces: Gerreidae) with a new species from southwestern Australia
Authors: IWATSUKI YUKIO , POGONOSKI JOHN J. , LAST PETER
Published: April 2019

The genus Parequula, which has long been considered monotypic, is reviewed with a new species described fromsouthwestern Australia on the basis of 21 types and 17 non-type specimens (42–81 mm in standard length); its onlycongener, P. melbournensis (Castelnau), is also redescribed. Parequula elongata n. sp. differs from P. melbournensis inhaving a more slender body, a lower soft anal-fin ray count (14–15, mode 15 vs. 16–18, mode 17), a lower pored lateral-line scale count (34–35, mode 34 vs. 37–40, mode 38), and the dorsal fin with a reddish upper margin when fresh (vs.semi-translucent to bluish with a narrow, parallel, yellowish vertical line on each fin membrane and a yellowish fin marginin P. melbournensis). Furthermore, the head profile of P. elongata n. sp. is nearly straight to slightly convex, whereas P.melbournensis is distinctly concave in outline above the eyes. Nominal species (junior synonyms) of P. melbournensis are discussed and a key to the two species is also provided.
New species of Pseudanos Winterbottom, 1980 (Characiformes: Anostomidae), with notes on the taxonomy of P. gracilis and P. trimaculatus
Authors: BIRINDELLI JOSÉ L. O. , LIMA FLÁVIO C. T. , BRITSKI HERALDO A.
Published: April 2019

A new species of Pseudanos (Characiformes, Anostomidae) is described from the Rio Negro in Brazil, and the Río Ca-siquiare and Río Atabapo, in Venezuela. Specimens of the new species were previously mistakenly identified as Pseuda-nos gracilis. The new species is diagnosed by having three branchiostegal rays (vs. four in P. gracilis and most specimensof P. winterbottomi), dark transversal bars on dorsum absent (vs. present in P. trimaculatus), dark spots present on the cen-ter of each body scale, forming conspicuous, straight dark lines (vs. dark spots absent in P. gracilis and in some specimensof P. trimaculatus), four midlateral dark blotches on body (vs. usually two, sometimes three or four in P. trimaculatus, orbody lacking midlateral blotches and presenting instead a broad midlateral stripe in P. winterbottomi), angle of dorsal andventralmost radii of body scales between 40° and 90° (vs. angle between 110° and 180° in P. gracilis and P. trimaculatus),and cranial fontanel opened along its entire length (vs. cranial fontanel partially closed in P. trimaculatus). Type specimensand extensive additional material of Pseudanos gracilis and P. trimaculatus were examined and comments on the taxon-omy of both species are provided. Pseudanos irinae is herein considered a junior synonym of P. trimaculatus. In addition, an updated key to identification of valid species of Pseudanos is presented.
Revision of the Australian species of the ant genus Anochetus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SHATTUCK STEVEN O. , SLIPINSKA EWA
Published: April 2019

The Australian species of the ponerine ant genus Anochetus are revised.  Fourteen species are known from Australia with eight described here for the first time (alae n. sp, armstrongi McAreavey, avius n. sp., graeffei Mayr, isolatus Mann, paripungens Brown, rectangularis Mayr, renatae n. sp., rufolatus n. sp., rufostenus n. sp., turneri Forel, veronicae n. sp., victoriae n. sp., wiesiae n. sp.).  Twelve are endemic to Australia while two are shared with Australia’s northern neighbours.  Most species are restricted to tropical regions with only two known from southern Australia.  While the majority of species are found in forested habitats, ranging from rainforest to dry sclerophyll woodlands, in southern regions they extend into drier shrub and bush dominated sites.
Revision of the Aenictus minutulus species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Aenictinae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: JAITRONG WEEYAWAT , HASHIMOTO YOSHIAKI
Published: April 2019

The genus Aenictus is a diverse group of army ants in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The worker-based Aenictus piercei species group of Jaitrong and Yamane (2011) is redefined and renamed here as the Aenictus minutulus group. Aenictus piercei Wheeler et Chapman, 1930 and A. lifuiae Terayama, 1984 are removed from this group; the former is moved to the A. javanus group and the latter to the A. ceylonicus group. The Southeast Asian species of the group are revised to include six species: Aenictus changmaianus Terayama et Kubota, 1993, Aenictus sp.56 of WJT, A. minimus sp. nov., A. minutulus Terayama et Yamane, 1989, A. peguensis Emery, 1895 and A. subterraneus sp. nov. Aenictus changmaianus, A. minimus and A. peguensis are probably restricted to the seasonal forest located northward from the Isthmus of Kra, while A. minutulus, A. subterraneus and Aenictus sp.56 of WJT are obviously Sundaland species inhabiting the perhumid evergreen rainforest.
Annotated catalogue of the flat bug family Aradidae Brullé, 1836 of Madagascar and adjacent islands (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: HEISS ERNST
Published: April 2019

The last comprehensive list of Aradidae of Madagascar and adjacent islands was published by Hoberlandt (1963), comprising 20 genera and 53 species. The present annotated catalog includes many new taxa described since Hoberlandt’s work, refers to taxonomic changes and synonymies and gives the actual systematic assignment and distribution of 85 species belonging to 33 genera.
Revision of Menippus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) of Taiwan and Menippus dimidiaticornis species group with a new generic synonymy
Authors: LEE CHI-FENG , BEZDĔK JAN , SUENAGA HARUKI
Published: April 2019

The genus Issikia Chûjô, 1961 has been reduced to a junior synonym of Menippus Clark, 1864. Three Taiwanese species of Menippus are recognized: M. asahinai (Chûjô, 1962), new combination (originally described in Issikia); M. sericea (Weise, 1889), status revived (hitherto misidentified as the Taiwanese population of M. dimidiaticornis); and M. hsuehleeae, new species from north Taiwan. Menippus dimidiaticornis species group is a cluster of six species including M. sericea and four new species namely M. nepalensis, new species from Nepal; M. gressitti, new species from Laos, Vietnam, and China (Hainan); M. beeneni, new species from China (Shaanxi, Shanxi); and M. murzini, new species from Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.
Asian species of the genera Anahita Karsch 1879, Ctenus Walckenaer 1805 and Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray 2001(Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae)
Authors: JÄGER PETER
Published: April 2019

Specimens of the spider family Ctenidae from South, East and Southeast Asia were examined. Thirteen new species aredescribed: Anahita jinsi spec. nov. (male, female; China, Sichuan); Ctenus martensi spec. nov. (male; Nepal), Ctenuscladarus spec. nov. (male; Burma), Ctenus theodorianum spec. nov. (male, female; Laos, Oudomxai), Ctenus lishuqiangspec. nov. (female; China, Sichuan), Ctenus holthoffi spec. nov. (male, female; Laos, Champasak), Ctenus bayeri spec.nov. (male; Laos, Champasak); Amauropelma beyersdorfi spec. nov. (male; India, Himachal Pradesh), Amauropelmastaschi spec. nov. (male; India, Uttar Pradesh), Amauropelma ekeftys spec. nov. (male, ?female; India, Meghalaya),Amauropelma hoffmanni spec. nov. (male, female; Laos, Luang Nam Tha), Amauropelma jagelkii spec. nov. (male,female; Laos, Luang Prabang), Amauropelma annegretae spec. nov. (male, female; Laos, Luang Prabang). Ctenus simplexThorell 1897 (Luang Prabang, Vientiane) and C. robustus Thorell 1897 (Luang Nam Tha, Luang Prabang) are recordedfor the first time from Laos, and the female of C. simplex is described for the first time. Ctenus ramosus Thorell 1887, C.robustus and C. palembangensis Strand 1906 as well as internal copulatory structures of Anahita fauna Karsch 1879 areillustrated for the first time. Anahita feai (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1902) comb. nov., A. jucunda (Thorell 1897) comb.nov., A. denticulata (Simon 1884) comb. nov., A. smythiesi (Simon 1897) comb. nov. and Amauropelma fungifer (Thorell1890) comb. nov. are transferred from the genus Ctenus. The nomina nova “Ctenus karschi” and “Ctenus tamerlani” proposed by Roewer (1951) are recognised as unavailable and thus invalid names.
A new species of Homonota (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae) from the Ventania mountain range, Southeastern Pampas, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Authors: AVILA LUCIANO JAVIER , PEREZ CRISTIAN HERNAN FULVIO , MINOLI IGNACIO , MORANDO MARIANA
Published: April 2019

A new species of lizard genus Homonota from southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina is described. Homonota wil-liamsii sp. nov. was previously considered as part of the H. darwinii species, but differs by a combination of charactersfrom the nominal species and from other species of the genus. Its geographic distribution is restricted to an isolated mountain system not connected with other habitats suitable for Homonota darwinii
A new small Phrynobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from southern Cameroon
Authors: RÖDEL MARK-OLIVER , DOHERTY-BONE THOMAS , KOUETE MARCEL TALLA , JANZEN PETER , GARRETT KATHERINE , BROWNE ROBERT , GONWOUO NONO LEGRAND , BAREJ MICHAEL F. , SANDBERGER LAURA
Published: April 2019

We describe a new small Phrynobatrachus species from southern Cameroon. The new species exhibits a combination ofunique morphological characters and a distinctive colour pattern consisting of a black lateral face mask, a black throat inmales, a white throat with uniform black lower mandibles in females and a white belly in both sexes. Morphologically itis characterized by small size, absence of an eyelid cornicle, presence of black spines on anterior part of vocal sac in males,spines on flanks, presence of discs on toe and finger tips, distinct webbing, absence of nuptial pads on male thumbs andscapular ridges converging in a straight line. Analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNA revealed that the new species differsfrom 34 other West and Central African species of the genus by a minimum distance of 4.5% and is most similar to severalPhrynobatrachus species which are almost all endemic to the Cameroon volcanic line or parts of it, i.e. P. chukuchuku(4.9%), P. werneri (5.1%), P. steindachneri (5.2%), P. schioetzi (5.6%), P. batesii (5.9%), P. cricogaster (5.5%), P. danko(6.1%), and P. manengoubensis (6.1%), respectively. The new species is most similar to P. batesii, which was describedfrom forests close to the type locality of the new species. Morphologically the new species differs from P. batesii by muchsmaller size (< 20 mm vs. 25-31 mm), shape of scapular ridges, belly colour, shorter shanks, absence of nuptial pads and presence of gular spines in breeding males.
The false spider mites of the genus Cenopalpus Pritchard & Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Iran
Authors: KHANJANI MASOUMEH , KHANJANI MOHAMMAD , SABOORI ALIREZA , SEEMAN OWEN D.
Published: April 2019

Four new species of the genus Cenopalpus Pritchard and Baker are described from Iran, namely: C. rubusi sp. nov.,collected from salmonberry bushes, Rubus persicae L. (Rosaceae), Sanandaj, Kurdistan province; C. prunusi sp. nov.from plum trees, Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae), Hamedan, Hamedan province; C. khosrowshahii sp. nov. from Sophoraalopecuroides L. (Fabaceae), Hamedan, Hamedan province; and C. quercusi sp. nov. from oak trees, Quercuscastaneifolia C.A. Mey. (Fagaceae), Robat Namaki, Lorestan province. Six species are re-described: C. saryabiensisAkbar and Chaudhri, 1985, C. lanceolatisetae (Attiah, 1956), C. irani Dosse, 1971, C. abaii Khosrowshahi and Arbabi,1997, C. bakeri Düzgünes, 1967 and C. crataegi Dosse, 1971. Of these species, C. irani reaches high population density and is widespread. A key to all known Iranian species of the genus is provided.
Cladistic analysis and revision of the obstinata group, genus Chinavia Orian (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: GENEVCIUS BRUNO C. , GRAZIA JOCELIA , SCHWERTNER CRISTIANO F.
Published: April 2019

The monophyletic genus Chinavia Orian includes 80 species of which 18 are endemic to Brazil. The general morphology of the species allows the recognition of different groups of species, however, the monophyly and the phylogenetic relationships of those groups has not been investigated. We present here the first cladistic analysis involving species of Chinavia, with particular focus on the obstinata group, which currently includes 3 species: Chinavia difficilis, C. obstinata and C. napaea. Our results based on 40 morphological characters support the monophyly of the obstinata group and its relationship with other species of Chinavia. Diagnosis and a formal description of the obstinata group, as well as redescriptions and illustrations of each species, are given.
Taxonomic study of the Oriental leafhopper genus Kabakra Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini), with description of three new species and one new record
Authors: CAO YANGHUI , HUANG MIN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: April 2019

Six species of the genus Kabakra Dworakowska were studied and illustrated, including three new species from China and Thailand: Kabakra acutata, K. aviformis, K. celata spp. nov., and one new record from China: Kabakra augusta Dworakowska n. rec.. A key for the identification of adult males is provided.
Revision of the Old World species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with a pair of isolated apical spots
Authors: KORNEYEV SEVERYN V. , KORNEYEV VALERY A.
Published: April 2019

Species of the genus Tephritis usually have the wing pattern with dark rays on veins R4+5 and M connected to the preapical dark spot or to each other (often called the “apical fork). Some species, however, have a solid apical crossband (Korneyev, 2013), whereas others have an isolated pair of apical spots. Specimens with the latter morphological character occasionally occur in many species with typical wing patterns, but in this article we focus on the species that normally have it. They occur mostly in the Palaearctic Region, except T. candidipennis Foote, 1960 from North America. A total of twenty species are recognized in this complex, including three new species and two new subspecies: Tephritis arsenii S. Korneyev, 2015, T. bardanae (Schrank 1803), T. conyzifoliae Merz 1992, T. crepidis Hendel 1927, T. dilacerata (Loew 1846), T. dilacerata kaszabi new subspecies, T. formosa (Loew 1844), T. ghissarica new species, T. hendeliana Hering 1944, T. hyoscyami (Linnaeus 1758), T. kyrghyzica new species, T. kogardtauica Hering 1944, T. kovalevi Korneyev & Kameneva 1990, T. kovalevi kumana new subspecies; T. postica (Loew 1844), T. stictica Loew 1862, T. theryi Séguy 1930, T. tridentata S. Korneyev & Mohamadzade-Namin 2013, T. truncata (Loew 1844), T. valida (Loew 1862), T. youngiana new species, and T. zernyi Hendel 1927. Most of the species are keyed, redescribed and illustrated based on extensive material from the Palaearctic Region. Lectotypes of T. dilacerata, T. formosa, T. hendeliana, T. truncata, T. valida, T. posis, T. heiseri, T. procera and a neotype for T. postica are designated. Known host plants of this complex belong to the tribes Anthemideae, Cardueae, Cichorieae, Inuleae, and Senecioneae (Asteraceae); preliminary comparison of the morphological characters (other than the wing pattern) with the distribution among host plants shows that the flies apparently do not form a monophyletic group, belonging to several different lineages, which also include other species with the typical “forked wing pattern. New distribution records and host plants are reported.        The following synonymies are established: Musca hyoscyami Linnaeus 1758 = Tephritis heiseri Frauenfeld 1865 new synonym; Trypeta postica Loew 1844 = Tephritis posis Hering 1939 new synonym.
Toward a Cultural Sociology of Immigration Control: A Call for Research
Authors: Vega Irene I.
Published: April 2019

The criminalization of immigration has garnered a great deal of attention in the United States and abroad. Most research, however, examines the political and legal shifts that produced the contemporary system, as well as the implications of these shifts for immigrant communities. The cultural changes that have occurred for frontline immigration agents as an occupational group have not received the scrutiny they deserve. I argue that the control culture of immigration enforcers is a critical mechanism that stifles the viability of humanitarian-minded legal reforms in the U.S. immigration system. I call for a cultural sociology of immigration control work, with an emphasis on the perceptions, skills, and normative valuations of frontline immigration enforcers, and identify three specific areas for future research: (1) studying immigration enforcers as social control agents, (2) expanding analyses of immigration implementation beyond discretionary decision-making, and (3) disrupting the tendency to take the nation-state as the primary unit of analysis in migration studies. By pursuing this agenda on immigration agents’ work lives, we will better understand the rationalities that underlie their behaviors and shape immigration law in action.
Social freedom and reasonable pluralism: Reflections on Freedom’s Right
Authors: Ferrara Alessandro
Published: April 2019

In this article, Honneth’s Freedom’s Right is discussed with the intent to assess its potential for offering a view of justice, grounded in social freedom, more adequate than the theories of justice of Kantian descent (Rawls, Habermas). Honneth’s claim that ‘social practices and institutions are “just” to the extent that they are capable of realizing generally acceptable values’ is argued to result in a limited ability to accommodate societal pluralism. Honneth’s freedom-based view of justice is argued to depend on positing one correct view of the relevant value affirmed by the institutions of a well-ordered modern society (i.e. social freedom), one correct view of which institutions concur in what way to the realization of social freedom, and one correct reconstruction of the actual contribution historically offered by said institutions to social freedom. No justification is offered for why just social freedom counts as the supreme value against which modern institutions are to be assessed; for why, in Hegel’s footsteps, the only institutions contributing to its affirmation are still the family (now expanded into the realm of ‘personal relationships’), civil society (now turned into the sphere of relations mediated by the market) and the State (now recast as the sphere of democratic will-formation); and for why the historical unfolding of these institutional spheres can only be interpreted in the ways suggested by Honneth. At a more general level, the question that remains unanswered, and even unaddressed, is how a social freedom–based approach to justice could allow for the oppression-free coexistence of people who endorse rival understandings (a) of the values to be institutionally affirmed, (b) of the relevant institutions and (c) of the significance of these institutions’ respective patterns of development.
Development of a Gill Perfusion Apparatus for Studying the Interaction of Fish Pathogens with Gill Tissue
Authors: Decostere Annemie , Turnbull James F. , Ducatelle Richard , Haesebrouck Freddy
Published: April 2019

An isolated perfused gill preparation was developed for the study of the association of gill pathogens with the branchial tissue. The preparation consisted of an excised branchial arch from common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L., minimum weight 300g), perfused via the afferent branchial artery. Filtered and heparinised Cortland solution was used as the perfusion fluid and infused by means of a drip (3-litre bag). The average perfusion rate was 1.5ml/minute/arch/kg body weight. The outflowing perfusate was collected from a cannula in the efferent branchial artery. The individual gill arch was suspended in a circular organ chamber filled with Ringer solution, which was aerated and kept at a constant temperature of 20°C. Unperfused gill arches maintained in Ringer solution at the same temperature served as controls. Cortland solution proved to be a satisfactory perfusion fluid, maintaining the perfused gills in a healthy condition for at least 4 hours with no, or only slight, oedema after 90 minutes, and slight or moderate oedema after 4 hours. The unperfused gill displayed excessive necrosis and loss of architecture after 4 hours. The Cortland perfused gill apparatus could thus prove to be an alternative ex vivo model of particular use in the study of the early interaction of gill associated pathogens with the branchial tissue.
Guidelines for the Design and Statistical Analysis of Experiments in Papers Submitted to ATLA
Authors: Festing Michael F.W.
Published: April 2019

In vitro experiments need to be well designed and correctly analysed if they are to achieve their full potential to replace the use of animals in research. An “experiment” is a procedure for collecting scientific data in order to answer a hypothesis, or to provide material for generating new hypotheses, and differs from a survey because the scientist has control over the treatments that can be applied. Most experiments can be classified into one of a few formal designs, the most common being completely randomised, and randomised block designs. These are quite common with in vitro experiments, which are often replicated in time. Some experiments involve a single independent (treatment) variable, whereas other “factorial” designs simultaneously vary two or more independent variables, such as drug treatment and cell line. Factorial designs often provide additional information at little extra cost. Experiments need to be carefully planned to avoid bias, be powerful yet simple, provide for a valid statistical analysis and, in some cases, have a wide range of applicability. Virtually all experiments need some sort of statistical analysis in order to take account of biological variation among the experimental subjects. Parametric methods using the t test or analysis of variance are usually more powerful than non-parametric methods, provided the underlying assumptions of normality of the residuals and equal variances are approximately valid. The statistical analyses of data from a completely randomised design, and from a randomised-block design are demonstrated in Appendices 1 and 2, and methods of determining sample size are discussed in Appendix 3. Appendix 4 gives a checklist for authors submitting papers to ATLA.
Use of a Cell Transformation Assay with Established Cell Lines, and a Metabolic Cooperation Assay with V79 Cells for the Detection of Tumour Promoters: A Review
Authors: Sakai Ayako , Iwase Yumiko , Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Sasaki Kiyoshi , Tanaka Noriho , Umeda Makoto
Published: April 2019

Extensive studies on the safety evaluation of chemicals have indicated that a considerable number of non-genotoxic chemicals are carcinogenic. Tumour promoters are likely to be among these non-genotoxic carcinogens, and their detection is considered to be an important approach to the prevention of cancer. In this review, the results are summarised for in vitro transformation assays involving established cell lines, and for an assay for inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication for the detection of tumour promoters, which involves V79 cells. Although the number of chemicals examined is still too small to permit a full evaluation of the correlation between in vitro cell transformation and in vivo carcinogenic-ity, it is clear that the sensitivity of the focus formation assay is very high. In the case of the metabolic cooperation assay, the sensitivity appears to be rather poor, but the assay can be considered to be useful because of its simple procedure and its considerable database. These in vitro assays for tumour promoters are recommended as useful tools for the detection of non-genotoxic carcinogens.
Cytostatic Properties of a Novel Compound Derived from Penicillium pinophilum: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Stammati Annalaura , Nicoletti Rosario , De Stefano Salvatore , Zampaglioni Franco , Zucco Flavia
Published: April 2019

3- O-Methylfunicone (OMF), a secondary metabolite produced by Penicillium pinophilum, inhibits the in vitro growth of plant pathogenic fungi. This specific property suggested that the compound could be used against other fungal pathogenic activities, including dermatological ones. However, for such applications, toxicological side-effects should be taken into account, in order to prevent other types of risk to mammalian cells. Therefore, investigations were made of the basic toxicity of OMF toward a human tumour cell line. The compound was found to have a cytostatic effect, which represents a counter-indication to its use as a therapeutic agent in dermatology, but suggests that it may have potential as an antitumour agent. This study confirmed the validity of in vitro systems for preliminary assays on new compounds, in order to avoid the use of animals in toxicological studies.