bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Cannabis Use Among US Middle-Aged and Older Adult Cannabis Users
Authors: Livne O.
Published: August 2023

Cannabis use is sharply increasing among middle-aged and older US adults, two populations that are particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of cannabis use. In recent decades patterns of cannabis use (e.g., method of consumption, product type, and potency) have become increasingly heterogeneous. However, little is known about the differences in such patterns between younger adult, middle-aged, and older adult users.

In this presentation, we will provide clinicians and researchers with important information on a wide array of patterns of cannabis use among adults ages ≥50 years, and highlight potential risks and harm reduction strategies. Findings from a recent study will be presented. Respondents were 4,151 US adult past 7-day cannabis users who participated in an online survey administered via social media platforms. Using logistic and linear regression models, we examined whether middle-aged (50-64 years; n=1,080), and older adult (≥65 years; n=295) respondents differed from younger (18-49 years; n=2,776) respondents, and from each other across several patterns of cannabis use. Results show that in comparison with younger adults, middle-aged and older adults were more likely to consume cannabis products earlier during the day, by fewer methods of consumption, exclusively by smoking, and in smaller amounts, but were less likely to consume cannabis products that are highly potent, and by methods of consumption other than smoking. Significant differences were also observed in several patterns of cannabis use between older and middle-aged adults, including time of day of use, methods of consumption, potency and amounts of use.

In a changing cannabis use landscape, our findings indicate that middle-aged and older adults may be less affected by the recently increasing heterogeneity in patterns of cannabis use, but also inform on the need for targeted harm reduction approaches. Findings also highlight existing gaps in the literature and future research directions.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Does Bipolar Disorder Get Worse at Geriatric Ages?
Authors: Dagtekin M. , Ertekin H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Bipolar disorder is characterized with recurrent manic and depressive episodes with interepisodic remission periods. The course of illness including frequency and severity of mood episodes are the most evident changes at geriatric ages in bipolar disorders.

Objectives

With this background, we aim to evaluate the clinical variables of bipolar patients older than 60 years and compare clinical variables before and after this age.

Methods

Bipolar patients who applied to psychiatry outpatient unit in Çanakkale 18 Mart University Medical Faculty between the years of 2017-2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients over the age of 60 were included in the study. 47 out of 133 people over the age of 60 with bipolar disorder were not included in the study due to lack of information. Socio-demographic data of 85 patients recruited for the study, and clinical variables of the patients before and after the age of 60 were compared with Wilcoxon test. SPSS 26 version was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered as significance level.

Results

When we evaluate the sociodemographic variables of the patients, we found that 61.2% (n=52) of the patients were female, mean age was 67.6± 6.3 years and mean duration of education was 7.2±4.6 years. Most of the patients (76.5%, n=65) was diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1 (BP1) while nearly one four of them (24.7%) had a mood disorder history among their relatives. Median of the illness duration was 19.5 years (min:2, max:60), mean age of the first episode was 43.6±14.3 years and more than half had their first episode as depression (56.5%, n=48). When we compare the number of episodes, number and duration hospitalizations before and after the age of 60 years, we found that number of depressive (p=0.001,z:-3.3), (hypo)manic (p=0.001,z:-3.3), episodes and number of hospitalizations (p<0.001,z:-3.8), were lower at geriatric ages. However, there was no difference before and after the age of 60 years in terms of duration of hospitalization.

Conclusions

Course of illness in bipolar disorder is highly variable and recurrence of mood episodes may increase with age (van der Markt A et al . Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022;3;37(11), Dols A et al, The clinical course of late-life bipolar disorder, looking back and forward. 2017 Dec 11). However, in our study we found that number of depressive, (hypo)manic episodes and number of hospitalizations were lower at geriatric ages. This discrepancy may be related with sample selection and study design. Nevertheless, it should be taken into account for further studies. Besides, this is not a mirror image study and duration of follow-up periods were not considered for the statistical analysis. These are the additional limitation of our study. It is difficult to make further interpretations considering these limitations. Prospective follow-up studies with large sample size are required to better understand the course of bipolar disorder at geriatric ages.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Diphenhydramine-induced delirium on top of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Sollano R. T. E.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder has been less frequent in recent years due to the availability of anti-retrovials. However, in the Philippines, persons with HIV are diagnosed late resulting to cases of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. With higher incidence of depression and anxiety in this population, difficulty sleeping becomes a prominent symptom and diphenhydramine is a common non-prescription nighttime sleep aid being given.

Objectives

To present a case of diphenhydramine-induced delirium after a patient with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

Methods

This a case report.

Results

Mr. JR., a 38-year-old person living with HIV and no past psychiatric history, presents with acute onset altered mental status, suicidal attempt, and jerking movements of the neck and extremities. He has been having bouts of diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and forgetfulness for a year before he was diagnosed with HIV-AIDS with CD4 count of 59 cells/mm3. At this time, he already had blurring of vision, poor sleep, weakness, poor concentration, and increasing severity of forgetfulness. He also started to have depressed mood and anhedonia but no suicidal ideations. He was eventually started on antiretroviral (ARVs) which are lamivudine, tenofovir, dolutegravir and antibiotics targeting opportunistic bacteria – Isoniazid, Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin. A few days after, he started to have jerking movements of the neck and extremities contributing further to poor sleep. Upon consult with a local clinic to address his sleep, he was prescribed with Diphenhydramine and after taking 50mg dose that evening, he started to have disorientation, paranoia, command auditory hallucinations resulting to a suicidal attempt, on top of the jerking movements, which prompted consult to the emergency room and subsequent admission. Initially assessed as central nervous system infection and focal seizure, CSF fluids studies and EEG were done showing normal findings. Started on Sodium Valproate + Valproic acid 500mg IV twice daily and Olanzapine 2.5mg twice a day, on top of his previously mentioned ARVs and antibiotics, the disorientation, auditory hallucinations, and myoclonic jerks mood resolved after five days. Five months on ARVs, he has no recurrence of myoclonic jerks, disorientation or psychosis, with memory and concentration improved, euthymic mood, and was able to resume work as an engineer.

Conclusions

Diphenhydramine is a common nighttime sleep aid. Due to its anticholinergic effect, cases of delirium were reported for doses 300mg to 1,000mg per day. For Mr. JR, the mere 50mg dose of diphenhydramine caused disorientation and psychosis as his co-occurring HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder made his brain “delirium-ready”. Diphenhydramine is a relatively safe drug however not getting a thorough medical history may inadvertently cause harm to patients who are medically ill and frail.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of older adults, people with dementia, and carers in lower- and middle-income countries: An international qualitative study
Authors: Ssenyonjo L. , Ddumba I.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health problems in many countries, yet little evidence has focused on older adults.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the impact of the pandemic on the mental health and well-being of older adults living in Uganda

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with older adults, family carers, and people living with dementia, plus focus groups with care professionals were conducted remotely via the telephone. Data were collected at two time points between March and July 2021. Non-professionals were asked about their experiences of the pandemic and their mental well-being. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. All transcripts were also translated into English and a selection were second-coded by the another team.

Results

A total of 30 interviews were conducted with older adults, people with dementia, and unpaid carers participating at baseline (n=30). Using inductive thematic analysis, we generated three overarching themes: Mental health needs overridden by need for basic necessities; Social isolation; Increased worry about restrictions and pandemic in dementia. For most people, limited access to basic necessities, including food, featured more prominently in responses than any direct acknowledgement of how the pandemic has affected their mental well-being. Participants were upset and worried about being socially isolated, with carers concerned about the welfare of many people with dementia and often feeling emotionally exhausted.

Conclusions

Older adults, carers, and people living with dementia in Uganda not only require support to cope with the mental health impact of the pandemic, but most importantly require improved financial governmental support to be able to access sufficient food and other basic necessities, as a group their health is poor and associated risk of deterioration high

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Post-COVID psychiatry functional unit of hospital del mar: Treatment and monitoring of COVID-19 patients who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Vargas Puértolas L. , Oller Canet S. , Pechuán Martínez E. , Arroyo Núñez À. , Legido Gil T.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is growing evidence on the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients suffering from COVID-19. On Hospital del Mar, a multidisciplinary post-COVID unit was created in May 2020 for COVID-19 patients.

Objectives

Explain the functioning of the Post-COVID Psychiatry Functional Unit and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of treated patients.

Methods

The Post-COVID Unit assessed all patients treated for COVID at Hospital del Mar. Patients referred by their primary care center for persistent post-COVID symptoms were also treated.

During a telephone interview, they received the PHQ-4 questionnaire to identify psychiatric symptoms. If the score was => 3, the patient was referred to the Post-COVID Psychiatry Unit.

Initial contact was established by a mental health nurse, who collected a clinical history and administered three scales: PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PCL-5. A descriptive sociodemographic and clinical data analysis of patients treated by the Post-COVID Psychiatry Unit is carried out.

Results

The sample consists of 149 patients who have been treated for positive PHQ-4 from July 2020 to April 2021. The majority were women (71%) and averaged 50.2 years old (SD = 12.3). In terms of the severity of COVID-19 infection, 45.6% needed hospitalization.

The mean score of the psychiatric symptom scales was 11.12 points on the PHQ-9 (SD=5.4) (1-4: minimal depression, 5-9: mild, 10-14: moderate, 15.19: moderately severe, 20-27: severe), 9.43 (SD=5.1) points in the GAD7 (cutoff point>=10) and 2.99 (SD=4) in the PCL5 (cutoff point>6).

39.5% patients of the sample were visited by psychiatry/psychology, of these 33.6% met psychiatric diagnostic criteria, the most frequent being an Adjustment disorder (15.40%), followed by Major Depressive Disorder (8.7%), Anxiety Disorder (4.7%) and other diagnoses (4.7%).

Conclusions

Patients treated in the Post-COVID Unit were mainly middle-aged women, the most common symptomatology being mild depressive symptoms.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Diagnostic Issues in Other Mental Disorders Co-Morbid With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Albuquerque J. P.
Published: August 2023

The assumption by ICD-11 of Intellectual Disability (ID) as part of the Neurodevelopmental Disorders, named Intellectual Developmental Disorders (IDD), bring more attention of the psychiatric community to this population and the problems they face.

In the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, different diagnosis intersect, since they share symptoms, and some of those symptoms are difficult to define.

At the same time, the difficulty of people with ID to conceptualize and / or express is subjective experience creates another obstacle to clearly identify witch symptoms are present.

We will try to discuss these questions, and offer some references, in order to help mental health professionals to recognize the most common diagnosis in people with ID, and differentiate between them, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mood Disorders, and Impulse Control Disorders.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Treatment Approaches to Eating Disorders Among LGBTQIA+ Population: A Narrative Review
Authors: Tempia Valenta S. , Bronte C. , Panariello F. , Bonazzoli F. , De Ronchi D. , Atti A. R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Historically, eating disorders (ED) have been regarded as the diseases of heterosexual, affluent white women. Instead, research shows that the population most at risk of ED is lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, and asexual/aromantic/agender (LGBTQIA+). Indeed, in addition to many of the same sociocultural influences on body dissatisfaction faced by their peers, LGBTQIA+ individuals experience unique body- and gender-related concerns as well as high levels of stress due to interpersonal prejudice and discrimination.

Objectives

This narrative review presents an overview of current research on treatment approaches to ED among LGBTQIA+ individuals.

Methods

We conducted a PubMed search for studies published after 1990 using terms that aimed to represent the primary concepts of “eating disorder” and “LGBTQIA+” and “therapy.” Next, we inductively created relevant macro-themes by synthesizing the data from the included articles.

Results

Of 123 PubMed studies, we included 12 studies and identified three relevant macro-themes. The first macro-theme, “ordinary treatments,” focused on efficacy studies of conventional ED therapies applied to this category of patients. In particular, the first study proved the efficacy of the dissonance-based intervention, engaging participants to induce cognitive dissonance concerning the thin-ideal standard of beauty; the second study showed that sexual minorities patients accessing day hospital treatment reported greater overall ED and comorbid symptoms but started treatment with higher scores and improved at a faster rate compared to heterosexual patients; the third study provided evidence that transgender/nonbinary individuals and cisgender individuals showed similar improvement in ED symptoms during higher levels of care treatment, but the first group had less improvement in depression and no improvement in suicidality during ED treatment. The second macro-theme, “relational approach,” investigated newer treatment paradigms involving family and school support, both revealing positive implications for eating and weight-related behaviors. The third macro-theme, “gender-affirming therapy,” focused on medical and surgical treatment toward gender transition, which has been shown to correlate with improvements in body image, ED psychopathology, and psychological functioning.

Conclusions

Members of the LGBTQIA+ community are at greater risk for ED; to our knowledge, there is no targeted treatment that considers the entirety of their experience. These findings denote the need to focus future research efforts on effective treatment strategies specific to sexual and gender identity groups.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Consistency between modulational instability and energy localization in time-delay-memristive neural network
Authors: Etémé Armand Sylvin
Published: August 2023

In this letter, we exclusively study the consistency between modulational instability and energy localization in a Hindmarsh-Rose–type memristive neural network under time-delay effect. Analytically, we find the suitable values of time-delay and memristor strength that support and control modulational instability. Also the Hamiltonian energy of the system is computed using the Helmholtz theorem. Numerical simulations are done to verify the analytical predictions. As a result, emission of action potential arises only in the domain where energy is highly localized, thus attesting that analytical predictions are in perfect agreement with numerical findings. These findings give more insight on relationship between modulational instability and energy localization in an excitable media along with the underlying biological phenomena that are involved.
Unseen Flesh
Authors: Falu Nessette
Published: August 2023

In Unseen Flesh Nessette Falu explores how Black lesbians in Brazil define and sustain their well-being and self-worth against persistent racial, sexual, class, and gender-based prejudice. Focusing on the trauma caused by interactions with gynecologists, Falu draws on in-depth ethnographic work among the Black lesbian community to reveal their profoundly negative affective experiences within Brazil's deeply biased medical system. In the face of such entrenched, intersectional intimate violence, Falu's informants actively pursue well-being in ways that channel their struggle for self-worth toward broader goals of social change, self care, and communal action. Demonstrating how the racist and heteronormative underpinnings of gynecology erase Black lesbian subjecthood through mental, emotional, and physical traumas, Falu explores the daily resistance and abolitionist practices of worth-making that claim and sustain Black queer identity and living. Falu rethinks the medicalization of race, sex, and gender in Brazil and elsewhere while offering a new perspective on Black queer life through well-being grounded in relationships, socioeconomic struggles, the erotic, and freedom strivings.
The Dark Tree
Authors: Isoardi Steven L.
Published: August 2023

In the early 1960s, pianist Horace Tapscott gave up a successful career in Lionel Hampton's band and returned to his home in Los Angeles to found the Pan Afrikan Peoples Arkestra, a community arts group that focused on providing community-oriented jazz and jazz training. Over the course of almost forty years, the Arkestra, together with the related Union of God's Musicians and Artists Ascension collective, was at the forefront of the vital community-based arts movement in Black Los Angeles. Some three hundred artists—musicians, vocalists, poets, playwrights, painters, sculptors, and graphic artists—passed through these organizations, many ultimately remaining within the community and others moving on to achieve international fame. In The Dark Tree, Steven L. Isoardi draws on one hundred in-depth interviews with the Arkestra's participants to tell the history of the important and largely overlooked community arts movement of Black Los Angeles. This revised and updated edition brings the story of the Arkestra up to date, as its ethos and aesthetic remain vital forces in jazz and popular music to this day.
The FIRE-IN project: Tsunami-risk related practitioner challenges and 3rd cycle overall results
Authors: Sakkas Georgios , Tsaloukidis Ioannis , Kazantzidou-Firtinidou Danai , Schneider Iris , Kouskouna Vassiliki , Hybbeneth Nico , Berchtold Claudia , Schlierkamp Juliane , Miralles Marta , Lahaye Sebastien , Bour Michel
Published: August 2023

This article summarizes the methodology for the identification of practitioners’ challenges of the H2020 funded project FIRE-IN (Fire and Rescue Innovation Network) activities with a strong focus on the natural hazard mitigation working group and tsunamis in the Mediterranean region as a case study for the 3rd cycle. The scenario of a tsunami occurrence in the Mediterranean is the basis for the FIRE-IN 3rd cycle workshop, as an indicative example of a high impact – low probability event, which aims to identify the Future Common Capability Challenges of practitioners in Europe. The current status of the tsunami hazard in Europe, national and international tsunami risk mitigation measures and procedures and operational experience from recent events are also discussed. Focus is provided on the natural hazard mitigation and tsunami related practitioners’ challenges, while results from the FIRE-IN request for ideas process and the interaction between practitioners, researchers and industry is also discussed. The aim is to present the current and future capability challenges of practitioners, one of the main outcomes of FIRE-IN project, and to provide further guidelines to stakeholders of disaster management towards a safer Europe, mainly, through preparedness for stronger and resilient societies.
Editorial
Authors: Mani Alice
Published: August 2023

This edition of Ushus comprises papers and research material from several academic viewpoints and insights. The wide ranging scope that management and commerce possess is reflected in the extensive content and subject matter visible herein. Various academicians, professionals and researchers with varying areas of interest and specialization have been able to contribute generously to this issue. A brief overview of the 10 papers published in this issue make it evident that several articles on conventional well practiced domains extend to rapidly changing commercial scenarios consequential of unpredictable characteristics and newly established areas of commercial interest. Tomy Kallarackal's detailing of the Value Added Tax System and Jalpa Majmudar's presentation on Transfer Pricing cover two distinct but nevertheless crucial aspects of taxation and its recent evolution with regard to changing and improving business regulations.
The Effect of Gender and Work Experience on Psychological Attributes at Workplace
Authors: Shivashankar Shruthi , Mitra Ipseeta , Prakash Aditya , Panwar Neeraj
Published: August 2023

For the past few years,the focus of the organizational psychologist is to work on creating a positive workplace environment and focusing on studying the perceived positive psychological attributes at the workplace. One of the primary reasons behind it is to develop and maintain a cordial and positive work climate for employees to have better interpersonal relations, violence-free climate, manager-employee relations, organizational policies, motivators, etc. All these psychological factors may influence the work environment in both a positive and negative manner. One of the perceived positive psychological attributes at the workplace is work locus of control, which describes whether employees reason out internal or external factors as the reason behind their actions and decisions. This might be leading to aggression and violence at the workplace, and thereby their personal growth might get influence. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the effect of gender and years of experience on the psychological constructs- violence prevention climate, work locus of control, and personal growth initiative using a 2x2 factorial design. For standardized scales pertaining to work locus of control, violence prevention climate and personal growth were administered on a sample of 200 employees (both male and female). The findings of the study highlighted that there was no significant gender difference on the three psychological constructs. However, years of experience did have a substantial effect on personal growth initiative and work locus of control. Additionally, a significant difference between years of experience on “practices and response” and “pressure for unsafe practices” dimension of violence prevention climate was also obtained.
A Review of Central Bank Digital Currencies
Authors: Singh Amitoj , Parapallicherayil John David , Pattamookkil Jacob Arun
Published: August 2023

This is a review paper on the exploratory research done by various central banks and international organisations on CBDCs and the framework to be followed for implementing these CBDCs so that the monetary system of a specific country remains unaffected. CBDCs and cryptocurrency in general as we know have become quite popular and are the talking point for many research scholars, economists and investment analysts. While many believe cryptocurrencies to have no intrinsic value, the value of the underlying technology i.e blockchain is something that can be argued upon. CBDCs remove the major cons of cryptocurrency by providing stability to the volatile cryptocurrency market and by acting as a legal tender thereby gaining the trust of retail public. Many governments believe that the introduction of CBDCs into the economy could simplify the payment’s structure thereby increasing the velocity of money leading to higher GDP growth. But one possibility that shatters this glass of optimistic views is the possibility of disintermediation of banks which could adversely affect the credit creation capacity of the country and disintegrate the entire monetary policy formation mechanism. Therefore, though the concept of digital currencies may excite many people, its adoption in an economy should be considered only after thorough research and pilot programs conducted by the central banks.
Employee Attitude Surveys: a Powerful Tool for Enhancing Organizational Effectiveness
Authors: Nakra Rashmi
Published: August 2023

One of the cardinal rules of business is, "Listen to your customers". The notion that success also depends on listening to your employees is just as basic. All organizations that strive to improve performance and effectiveness are constantly faced by questions such as: 'Are our methods, working?" "Are our products and services meeting the market's expectations?" or "Why weren't we the first to launch the latest version of the product?" One of the most cost effective sources of advice is close at hand: THE WORKFORCE.

Apart from asking employees as to what is working and what isn't, managements are also acutely aware of the relationship between employee satisfaction levels and customer satisfaction. This link has been validated by research studies as well as experienced by each one of us in everyday life. Most of us can vividly recall our feelings of apprehension whenever we have to visit an organization, be it a bank, a retail outlet or a restaurant where the employees look miserable and unhappy in their jobs. Each time we enter such an organization, we get an uncomfortable feeling that its employees are annoyed at us for walking in and causing them to do work.
Health behaviors of nursing staff in the use of preventive programs, coping with stress and the impact of additional workload
Authors: Sternal Danuta , Studencka Agata , Bąk Ewelina
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Health behaviors play an important role in preserving, maintaining and improving health. These are actions and behaviors selected by humans, which, based on specific knowledge, remain in a significant relationship with health. Nursing staff, due to their knowledge, skills and duties enshrined in the Act on the Professions of Nurses and Midwives, through their own model of behavior and actions, should encourage appropriate health attitudes.
 
Aim of the study The aim of the study was to learn about selected health behaviors in the use of preventive programs, coping with stress and the impact of additional workload among the nursing staff employed at the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice.
Material and methods:
The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method and a standardized scale - Juczyński's Health Behavior Inventory on a group of 100 nurses.
Results:
The group of surveyed nurses was characterized by the highest health behaviors in terms of positive mental attitude and proper eating habits, lower in terms of preventive behaviors and health practices. Only 63% of the respondents used prevention programmes. In addition, it was observed that abnormal health behaviors were more common among nurses working additionally in another health care facility.
Conclusions:
The surveyed nurses used preventive programs on average and manifested health practices at an average level, which was influenced by the burden of additional work. They chose various ways of coping with stress, which were not always pro-health, therefore postgraduate education should emphasize the development of these skills, and nurses should be able to use psychologists employed in hospitals.
Influence of sport activity on hypertension - literature review
Authors: Fiega Jakub , Lubaszka Zuzanna , Michalska Milena , Żurek Urszula , Szewczyk Dorota , Sikorska Ewa
Published: August 2023

One of the most widespread illnesses, hypertension can cause other cardiovascular conditions that shorten life expectancy and lower quality of life. Primary hypertension is the most typical type, and while there are some risk factors, we cannot determine what is the primary cause. We should first change our lifestyles before using medications. Sport activity is the strategy that has the most potential. Numerous researchers have attempted to evaluate its impact on hypertension control. They all concurred that engaging in almost any sport can aid in the management of hypertension. Other studies looked at the best sports to keep hypertension under control. They experimented with isometric exercises, tai chi, brisk walking, and aerobic exercise. Matching the appropriate sport to the level of hypertension can be important too.Athletes experience hypertension as well, despite the fact that exercise is beneficial for the condition. Because of anti-doping regulations, there are some restrictions on how they can be treated.In addition to exercise, other lifestyle changes are crucial in the treatment of hypertension. It involves changing one's diet, attempting to lose weight, and avoiding stressful situations.
Could Toxomplasma gondii infection be dangerous? - Systematic review
Authors: Frącz Gabriela , Kuliga Klaudia , Kuliga Marcin , Musz Kinga , Socha Agnieszka , Śnieżek Kinga
Published: August 2023

Introduction:  Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan commonly found in humans in the form of three main forms: tachyzoite, tissue cyst and oocyst. The definitive host is the Felidae family, and one of the intermediate hosts is humans. The most common routes of infection are ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, water and food contaminated with oocysts. Among the forms of infection, we distinguish between the acquired form and the much more dangerous congenital form.
Aim of the study: The objective of the study was to rewiev the literature describing the dangerous impact of Toxoplasma gondii infection on human.Methods and materials: : We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database, using the key words: "toxoplasma gondii"; "congenital toxoplasmosis"; "pregnacy".Results: T. gondii infection is particularly dangerous in pregnant women, due to the high risk of vertical transmission of the infection to the developing fetus. The clinical presentation of congenital toxoplasmosis depends on the gestational age at which the infection occurred. Pathognomonic signs of congenital toxoplasmosis include Sabin-Pinkerton Triad, which includes inflammation of the retina and choroid of the eye, dilatation of the brain's ventricular system and intracranial calcifications. Available pharmacotherapy works on tachyzoites present in the initial phase of acquired infection, congenital infection and reactivated infection in immunodeficient patients, available drugs do not work on tissue cysts.Conclusion: The consequences of Toxoplasma gondii infection are particularly dangerous for the fetus, so pregnant women should pay special attention to hand hygiene and thorough washing of the food they eat. For this reason, it is extremely important to educate pregnant women about health issues and draw attention to the possible consequences of T.gondii infection.
Integrative medicine - combination of conventional medicine and traditional herbal medicine may find its potential applications in the treatment of certain dermatological and endocrine diseases – review of the literature
Authors: Machowiec Piotr Artur , Maksymowicz Marcela , Korzeniowska Anna , Baran Natalia , Bielak Adriana , Nowak Aleksandra , Cywka Łucja , Szwed Weronika , Nowak Alicja , Bogusz Klaudia
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose

 

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine is an integral component of a comprehensive healing system known as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Within TCM, herbs are utilized to rebalance the energy forces of Yin and Yang, which flow through imperceptible channels within the body with the aim of restoring energy equilibrium. It is important to acknowledge that herbs have the potential to exert significant effects on the body comparable to pharmaceutical drugs, and therefore, should be approached with equal caution and respect

The aim of the study was to present the current state of knowledge about the potential use of Chinese herbs in the treatment of certain dermatological and endocrine diseases.

 

State of the knowledge

Chinese medicine has found application in various diseases and health conditions, both physical and mental. In the studies delving into dermatological diseases, Chinese medicine therapy resulted in a reduction in chronic urticaria activity and psoriasis area severity index. In addition, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) effectively improved the response rate and reduced the maximum nodule diameter of benign thyroid nodules. Furthermore it was reported that certain Chinese herbs improve the functioning of mitochondria in β-cells contributing to better management of patients with diabetes mellitus.

 

Conclusion

Chinese medicine seems to be a valuable supplement to conventional medicine in the treatment of some chronic diseases. Simultaneously, our focus should be on the development of a new wave of pharmaceutical products that guarantee high efficacy and low toxicity conforming to international standards. It is imperative to enhance research in Chinese medicine and advance engineering technologies to ensure the superior quality of TCM preparations.
Gynecomastia - a literature review of management, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Szumlas Zuzanna , Jurek Aleksander , Mrozek Łukasz , Klocek Konrad , Zwolski Maciej , Puchalski Krzysztof , Kostecki Bartosz , Hajduk Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

Introduction and Purpose: Gynecomastia is a common clinical problem that can also be a symptom of many serious disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, as well as pharmacological and surgical treatment, while also addressing the psychological aspect of the condition.
 
State of Knowledge: Gynecomastia is the development of noncancerous breast tissue in males. It can occur unilaterally or bilaterally and may cause pain. It can be a natural occurrence during infancy, adolescence, and and in older age. It is usually accompanied by an imbalance between estrogens and androgens. Hormonal disorders lead to the growth of stromal and ductal proliferation. In the diagnostic process, the most important aspect is establishing the cause of the condition, allowing for the implementation of appropriate treatment. Gynecomastia can cause a decrease in quality of life, depression, anxiety, and reduced self-esteem.
 
Conclusions: Gynecomastia is a complex condition that requires an individualized approach to the patient. It can be a side effect of medication use, result from an underlying disease, or occur idiopathically. Surgical treatment forms the basis of the therapeutic process. Currently, combined surgical techniques are most commonly used to achieve the best cosmetic effect.
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy - a review
Authors: Gadomska Anna , Kurek Justyna , Gorzyński Rafał , Garstka Michał , Dominik Hanna , Czudy Zuzanna , Pawęska Wojciech , Molczyk-Sieńczak Justyna , Radwański Jan , Polatowska Marika
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Thyroid diseases, right after diabetes, are the most common endocrine disorder in pregnant women. Hypothyroidism occurs most frequently among all of the thyroid dysfunctions. Thyroid hormones are essential for the proper course of pregnancy and correct fetal development. Even a mild deficiency carries the risk of complications for both mother and child. It is therefore important to make a swift diagnosis, implement appropriate substitution treatment and monitor the course of the disease throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
Purpose of the work: The article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding maternal hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The aim of the review is to highlight the prevalence of the disease, stress the associated adverse outcomes and present the recommended management.
Materials and methods: A literature research on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases was done up to May 2023 with restriction to English and Polish language articles regarding hypothyroidism and pregnancy.
Summary: It is extremely important to perform TSH screening tests in women planning pregnancy and during the first obstetric visit. Due to the prevalence of thyroid disorders in society, it is necessary to educate both patients and physicians. An uncomplicated diagnosis process, low cost of screening tests and available treatment methods are able to prevent the often tragic consequences of maternal hypothyroidism.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a promising method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions. A literature review
Authors: Kowalczyk Ilona , Zielonka Bartłomiej , Stawikowski Cezary , Krawiec Paulina , Madej Karolina , Wolanin Marta , Wolanin Izabela , Stachyra Bartłomiej , Osińska Aleksandra , Dengler Barbara
Published: August 2023

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of non-invasive and painless brain stimulation with an electromagnetic field, which induces changes in the electric field in the brain leading to the cortical activity modulation and stimulation of neurons. Currently, transcranial magnetic stimulation is increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and more. TMS can be used as a method of enhancing the effect of pharmacotherapy as well as a regular treatment.

Aim of the study: The study's aim is to summarize the current state of knowledge on transcranial magnetic stimulation as a method of treatment in depression and various neuropsychiatric conditions.

Material and methods: The study is based on the literature available in scientific databases such as PubMed, using the following keywords: „transcranial magnetic stimulation”, „tms”, “depression” and “treatment-resistant depression”.

Results and conclusions: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive, painless and generally safe method of diagnosis and treatment of many neuropsychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, tinnitus, addiction to psychoactive substances and many more. TMS is a well-documented, approved, and recommended treatment primarily for treatment-resistant depression due to its effectiveness, mild side effect profile and good tolerability. Recently there are more and more reports on the effectiveness of TMS in the diagnosis and treatment of other neuropsychiatric conditions, but further research and setting guidelines are needed, so is increasing the availability of the method for patients.
Coeliac disease – systematic review of origin, pathology, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Puchalski Krzysztof , Zwolski Maciej , Szumlas Zuzanna , Klocek Konrad , Hajduk Aleksandra , Jurek Aleksander , Mrozek Łukasz , Kostecki Bartosz
Published: August 2023

Introduction and Purpose: Coeliac disease is an increasingly prevalent disorder worldwide. It is estimated to affect about 1% of the population and its symptoms heavily impact people's lives. The aim of this paper is to delve into the topic of coeliac disease and present basic information about its origins, current diagnostic methods, and the challenges associated with its treatment. This article includes all the necessary information from up-to-date sources.
State of Knowledge: Coeliac disease was discovered a long time ago, but it is still not completely understood. Every year, new research is published regarding different populations in various countries. While we know more about the disease, its symptoms, and causes, we are still far from fully understanding all the inflammatory processes occurring in the human body. There is solid evidence that this enteropathy is caused by gluten, and the only way to reduce the clinical manifestation of coeliac disease is to adhere to a gluten-free diet. However, some patients do not benefit from this type of diet and still suffer from coeliac disease. New drugs currently being developed offer hope for these individuals, as they attempt to target the immunological reaction and mitigate the immune response in the small intestine.
Conclusion: As approximately 1% of the population suffers from this disease, it is crucial to diagnose patients in the early stages of its development. Early diagnosis can prevent the development of other disorders that coexist with coeliac disease, which can be particularly dangerous, especially for children. This paper provides up-to-date information about the clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as methods of diagnosis.
Understanding obsessive-compulsive disorder - literature review
Authors: Piasek Laura , Szafran Adrianna , Wiśniewska Klaudia , Ostańska Agnieszka , Terelak Wiktor , Ciechański Marcin , Witkowska Edyta , Godek Grzegorz , Więcław Kacper , Stańko Katarzyna
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder can decrease the quality of life and is often experienced by patients throughout their lives. They involve the presence of obsessions (persistent, unwanted thoughts) and compulsions (actions/rituals performed by the patient to alleviate the discomfort associated with the obsessions). Currently, they are diagnosed based on the criteria of DSM-5. 

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to review and analyze the available literature on obsessive-compulsive disorders. 

Materials and methods: A review of the literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases on obsessive-compulsive disorders was conducted. 

Results: The exact cause of OCD remains unknown. The involvement of genetic and environmental factors is suspected. It has been shown that damage to certain brain structures due to injury or neurodegenerative diseases can lead to the development of obsessions and/or compulsions. The severity of symptoms is influenced by cognitive inflexibility, a high sense of responsibility, and magical thinking. Currently, pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy form the basis of treatment. The portrayal of individuals with OCD has been present in history and art for centuries. 

Summary: Aspects, causes, and treatment methods of OCD are still being investigated and discovered. Presenting this disorder through art can positively impact awareness and social acceptance.
Proof-of-Work Cryptocurrencies: Does Mining Technology Undermine Decentralization?
Authors: Capponi Agostino , Ólafsson Sveinn , Alsabah Humoud
Published: August 2023

Does the proof-of-work consensus protocol serve its intended purpose of supporting decentralized cryptocurrency mining? To address this question, we develop a game-theoretical model in which miners first invest in hardware to improve the efficiency of their operations and then compete for mining rewards in a rent-seeking game. We show that centralization grows with heterogeneity in mining costs, but hardware capacity constraints prevent the most efficient miners from monopolizing the mining process. Investment leads to a more decentralized network unless larger miners have a significant comparative advantage in acquiring new hardware. Our model generates empirically supported implications: (i) mining centralization is countercyclical with respect to mining reward, and (ii) a change in mining reward leads to a less-than-proportional change in hash rates.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics.

Supplemental Material: The data file is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4840 .
Evaluation of the home care service: a remote inpatient service for people requiring mental health care
Authors: Doyle Caroline , King Marie , Kirwan Shane , Jennings Bernie , Farrington Aoife , Keogh Brian , Donohue Gráinne
Published: August 2023

Background/Aims

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, St Patrick's Mental Health Services introduced a home care package, offering all the elements of the inpatient programmes, but provided to the service user remotely in their own home. A survey was used to evaluate service user experiences of receiving remote inpatient mental health treatment via the home care service.

Methods

All participants who had a virtual admission were invited to complete a quantitative survey online. Data were inputted into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software and a descriptive analysis was completed.

Results

A total of 88 participants completed the online survey, the majority of whom were women (62.5%) and between the ages of 61 and 70 years (28.4%). Diagnosis was most often depression (60.2%) or anxiety (29.4%) and almost 66% of participants had previous inpatient experience. Staff rated most highly by participants were the consultant psychiatrist (96.7%), ward-based nursing staff (95.2%) and their psychologist (92.3%). The highest rating statements, which participants rated as part of a questionnaire, were around technology options (87.1%), one-to-one work with a clinician (81.3%) and arranging collection of medicine (81%).

Conclusions

Preliminary scores on this survey demonstrate that remote care is an effective way to improve access, enhance quality and provide efficient care. Further research should consider clinical outcomes with this model compared to standard care.
Anticipatory, Active, and Participatory Grief in Malory's Morte Darthur
Authors: Cherewatuk Karen
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Malory employs three types of emotional experience to engage his readers in the scenes of King Arthur's death: anticipatory, active, and participatory grief. Through tragic plot and literary art, Malory leads the audiences of Le Morte Darthur to grieve with, and then for, the king.
The Many Endings of Malory's Morte : The Experience of an Early Audience
Authors: Atkinson Stephen
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Imagining an oral performance of Malory's work in the late fifteenth century offers a perspective on the professional work of modern scholars. In particular, the idea of endings must be radically different for an audience listening to the Morte read aloud.