bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Momentum and Earnings Information in the Korean Stock Market
Authors: Ha Yu Sung , Kang Jangkoo , Kim Sun Yung
Published: July 2021

This study examines whether price momentum profit is related to earnings information in the Korean stock market. Through time‐series and cross‐sectional asset pricing tests, we find that price momentum profits are captured by return on equity; an earnings surprise or revenue surprise partially explains price momentum. The risk‐based factor models cannot explain the existence of earnings‐based momentum, because an earnings‐based zero‐investment portfolio is significantly negatively related to future macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product and real consumption growth. On the other hand, the underreaction hypothesis is also not sufficient to explain why earnings‐based momentum seems to capture price momentum.
Treatment following hysteroscopy and endometrial diagnostic biopsy increases the chance for live birth in women with chronic endometritis
Authors: Mitter Vera R. , Meier Sheila , Rau Tilman T. , Gillon Tessa , Mueller Michael D. , Zwahlen Marcel , von Wolff Michael , Kohl Schwartz Alexandra S.
Published: July 2021

Problem

Repeated implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss are associated with chronic endometritis, a persistent endometrial inflammation. Its diagnosis and treatment may increase pregnancy and live birth rates. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of endometrial diagnostic biopsy and subsequent antibiotic treatment in cases of chronic endometritis on reproductive outcomes over a long observation period.

Method of Study

We conducted a historical cohort study (2014–2018) at our University‐based infertility center that included women (n = 108) with repeated implantation failure or recurrent pregnancy loss without known pathologies associated with either condition. Forty‐one women underwent a hysteroscopy only (reference group); the remaining 67 women underwent, in addition to the hysteroscopy, an endometrial diagnostic biopsy with immunohistochemically staining for CD138 to detect plasma cells (biopsy group). If one or more plasma cells were detected, the women were treated with doxycycline 100 mg twice a day orally for 2 weeks. We performed stratified survival analysis (Kaplan‐Meier) and Cox regression.

Results

The biopsy group had higher chances of pregnancy (hazard ratio 2.28; 95% confidence interval 1.23–4.24; p = .009) and of live birth (hazard ratio 2.76; 95% confidence interval 1.30–5.87; p = .008) compared with the reference group. In the sensitivity analysis, repeated implantation failure or recurrent pregnancy loss did not affect the outcome.

Conclusion

Endometrial diagnostic biopsy followed by antibiotic treatment in case of chronic endometritis in women with repeated implantation failure or recurrent pregnancy loss may increase the chances for live birth.
X‐ray micro‐computed tomography in the assessment of penile cavernous fibrosis in a rabbit castration model
Authors: Kogan Mikhail I. , Popov Igor V. , Kirichenko Evgeniya Y. , Mitrin Boris I. , Sadyrin Evgeniy V. , Kulaeva Elizaveta D. , Popov Ilya V. , Kulba Sergey N. , Logvinov Alexander K. , Akimenko Marina A. , Pasechnik Dmitry G. , Tkachev Sergey Yu. , Karnaukhov Nikolay S. , Lapteva Tatyana O. , Sukhar Irina A. , Maksimov Alexey Yu. , Ermakov Alexey M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Current assessment methods of penile cavernous fibrosis in animal models have limitations due to the inability to provide complex and volume analysis of fibrotic alterations.

Objective

The aim was to evaluate micro‐computed tomography for assessment of cavernous fibrosis and compare it with histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and RT‐PCR analysis.

Materials and methods

A controlled trial was performed involving 25 New Zealand male rabbits with induced testosterone deficiency by orchidectomy. Penile samples were obtained before and after 7, 14, 21, and 84 days from orchidectomy. We consistently performed (a) gray value analysis of corpora cavernosa 3D models reconstructed after micro‐computed tomography, (b) morphometry of smooth muscles/connective tissue ratio, collagen type I/III ratio, and area of TGF‐beta‐1 expression in corpora cavernosa, and (c) RT‐PCR of TGF‐beta‐1 expression.

Results

Micro‐computed tomography allowed visualization of penile structures at a resolution comparable to light microscopy. Gray values of corpora cavernosa decreased from 1673 (1512–1773) on the initial day to 1184 (1089–1232) on the 21st day (p < 0.005). However, on the 84th day, it increased to 1610 (1551–1768). On 21st and 84th days, there was observed a significant decrease in smooth muscle/connective tissue ratio and a significant increase in collagen type I/III ratio (p < 0.05). TGF‐beta1 expression increased on the 84th day according to immunohistochemistry (p < 0.005). RT‐PCR was impossible to conduct due to the absence of RNA in obtained samples after micro‐CT.

Discussion and conclusions

Micro‐computed tomography provided 3D visualization of entire corpora cavernosa and assessment of radiodensity alterations by gray value analysis in fibrosis progression. We speculate that gray value changes at early and late fibrosis stages could be related to tissue reorganization. RT‐PCR is impossible to conduct on tissue samples studied by micro‐CT due to RNA destruction. We also suggest that micro‐computed tomography could negatively affect the immunohistochemical outcome, as a significant increase of TGF‐beta‐1 expression occurs later than histological fibrotic signs.
Fontan circulation has improved life expectancy for infants born with complex heart disease over the last 50 years but has also resulted in significant morbidity
Authors: Hedlund Eva , Lundell Bo
Published: July 2021

The prognosis for infants born with complex heart disease improved dramatically with the introduction of the Fontan circulation 50 years ago. With today's carefully designed and staged operations to a Fontan circulation, life expectancy has increased and most children will survive into adult life. The Fontan circulation entails an unphysiological circulation with high risk for multiple organ system dysfunction. Neurodevelopmental disabilities with adverse psychosocial effects are prevalent. The Fontan circulation may eventually fail and necessitate heart transplantation.

Conclusion

Fifty years development of the Fontan circulation to today's staged surgical procedures has improved survival but also revealed the burden of a high morbidity for a growing number of patients.
Letter: the need to reconsider the liver‐specific benefit of carvedilol
Authors: He Lu , Lou Lianqing
Published: July 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to McDowell et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16189
Letter: real‐world use of terlipressin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Weng Fangbin
Published: July 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Moore et al and Allegretti et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15836 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16486
Decreased secondary faecal bile acids in children with ulcerative colitis and Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Rotondo‐Trivette Sarah , Wang Beibei , Gayer Christopher , Parsana Riddhi , Luan Yihui , Sun Fengzhu , Michail Sonia
Published: July 2021

Background

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). There is a well‐documented relationship between bile acids and CDI.

Aims

To evaluate faecal bile acid profiles and gut microbial changes associated with CDI in children with UC.

Methods

This study was conducted at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Faecal bile acids and gut microbial genes related to bile acid metabolism were measured in 29 healthy children, 23 children with mild to moderate UC without prior CDI (UC group), 16 children with mild to moderate UC with prior CDI (UC+CDI group) and 10 children without UC with prior CDI (CDI group).

Results

Secondary faecal bile acids, especially lithocholic acid (3.296 vs 10.793, P ≤ 0.001) and ursodeoxycholic acid (7.414 vs 10.617, P ≤ 0.0001), were significantly lower in children with UC+CDI when compared to UC alone. Secondary faecal bile acids can predict disease status between these groups with 84.6% accuracy. Additionally, gut microbial genes coding for bile salt hydrolase, 7α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 7α/β‐dehydroxylation were all diminished in children with UC+CDI compared to children with UC alone.

Conclusions

Bile acids can distinguish between children with UC based on their prior CDI status. Bile acid profile changes can be explained by gut microbial genes encoding for bile salt hydrolase, 7α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 7α/β‐dehydroxylation. Bile acid profiles may be helpful as biomarkers to identify UC children who have had CDI and may serve as future therapeutic targets.
External validation of the Medication Risk Score in polypharmacy patients in general practice: A tool for prioritizing patients at greatest risk of potential drug‐related problems
Authors: Høj Kirsten , Pedersen Henrik Schou , Lundberg Anne Sofie Baymler , Bro Flemming , Nielsen Lars Peter , Sædder Eva Aggerholm
Published: July 2021

Drug‐related problems are important causes of patient harm and increased healthcare costs. To assist general practitioners in prioritizing patients in need of a critical medication review, we aimed to assess the ability of the Medication Risk Score (MERIS) to stratify patients with polypharmacy in general practice according to their risk of drug‐related problems. We conducted a cross‐sectional multi‐centre external validation study. Patients receiving more than five concomitant medications (polypharmacy) were eligible. The outcome was potentially serious drug‐related problems as evaluated by expert consensus. Performance was assessed in terms of calibration and discrimination indices. Of 497 patients, 489 were included in the main analysis. The median age (interquartile range) was 70.5 years (60–79). In total, 372 potentially serious drug‐related problems were observed in 253 patients (52%). The MERIS was well calibrated above a score level of 10. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.74). The performance of the MERIS was fair in patients with polypharmacy in general practice. Given the scale of drug‐related problems and the lack of efficient prioritization tools in this setting, the MERIS could be a useful risk indicator to complement usual practice.
Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency—Coming to a region near you soon
Authors: Elliman David A C , Gennery Andrew R
Published: July 2021

The most profound of primary immunodeficiencies, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), presents in infancy. Infants appear healthy at birth, but they are unable to clear pathogens, particularly viruses, and present with recurrent infection, progressive pnueumonitis and failure to thrive due to enteric viral infection, often associated with persistent vaccine-strain rotavirus. The administration of live vaccines is contraindicated in these infants, but most who are eligible receive bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination and the live rotavirus vaccine before the diagnosis of SCID is made, making treatment more complicated. Newborn infants with SCID can be screened using the newborn bloodspot to measure T lymphocyte receptor excision circles (TRECs), episomal DNA formed during T lymphocyte receptor development and very low or absent in SCID. Introduction of this programme in the United Kingdom will require the neonatal BCG vaccination programme to be altered, with vaccination at 28 days, once the SCID screening result is known. Although SCID newborn screening has been successfully introduced in other countries, the change in neonatal BCG vaccination requires the introduction of newborn screening to be carefully introduced. An evaluation of impact of screening on SCID diagnosis, treatment and outcomes, together with an evaluation of the technology used to detect TRECs, and the impact of screening and changes to the BCG programme on families will commence in six screening regions in England in September 2021 for 2 years – should the evaluation prove positive, it is likely that screening for this fatal disease will be introduced across the United Kingdom.
A clinical research priority setting study for issues related to the use of methamphetamine and emerging drugs of concern in Australia
Authors: Siefried Krista J. , Ezard Nadine , Christmass Michael , Haber Paul , Ali Robert ,   The NCCRED Methamphetamine and Emerging Drugs Clinical Research Network Working Group
Published: July 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to gather a range of opinions, including those of affected people (consumers, concerned others) to identify clinical research priorities for methamphetamine and emerging drugs of concern in Australia, to guide the work of the National Centre for Clinical Research on Emerging Drugs (NCCRED).

Methods

A priority setting study was conducted (February–March 2019) in four phases: online stakeholder survey, thematic analysis of responses, rapid literature review, expert panel ranking of priorities against predetermined criteria.

Results

Forty‐seven respondents completed the survey, including people identifying as one or more of: researcher (53%, n = 25), clinician (45%; n = 21), family/friend/caregiver of someone who uses methamphetamine/emerging drugs (15%, n = 7) and consumer of methamphetamine/emerging drugs (13%, n = 6). Expert panel, evidence‐informed top‐ranked clinical research priorities for methamphetamine were: strategies to overcome barriers to intervention uptake, pilot medication trials for adults seeking treatment, and communication strategies regarding evidence‐based treatments. For emerging drugs of concern, top‐ranked priorities were: piloting community‐located drug checking, feasibility of social media/other opportunities to alert consumers of emerging risks, GHB overdose and withdrawal management, and impacts of an early warning information system on reducing harms.

Discussion and Conclusions

We demonstrate feasibility of a structured, collaborative clinical research priority setting process. Results have informed the establishment of NCCRED; using the identified priorities to guide seed funding, fellowships/scholarships and research programs. Broader uptake of this methodology by policymakers/research funders would assist to embed areas of concern identified by affected communities and other stakeholders in research prioritisation.
Damage behavior due to rolling contact fatigue and bending fatigue of a gear using crystal plasticity modeling
Authors: Wang Wei , Wei Peitang , Liu Huaiju , Yu Yong , Zhou Hao
Published: July 2021

Gear fatigue issues, including bending and contact fatigue, are attractive problems with significant engineering safety implications. Currently, no fatigue analysis model can combine the effects of bending and contact fatigue to predict gear fatigue life because of their different failure mechanisms. In addition, most gear fatigue studies are still limited to the understanding at the macro level, thus cannot provide theoretical interpretations for practical engineering observations such as scattered experimental data and material deterioration. Here, we proposed a unified microstructure model by considering different failure mechanisms of rolling contact and bending fatigue. The crystal plasticity model combing the multiaxial fatigue criteria was established to capture the stress–strain history at the microlevel. The deterioration of mechanical properties of the material was simulated based on the continuum damage theory. This work provides more insight into the physical understanding of gear fatigue failure mechanism and theoretical support for gear antifatigue design.
Factors influencing distributional shifts and abundance at the range core of a climate‐sensitive mammal
Authors: Billman Peter D. , Beever Erik A. , McWethy David B. , Thurman Lindsey L. , Wilson Kenneth C.
Published: July 2021

Species are frequently responding to contemporary climate change by shifting to higher elevations and poleward to track suitable climate space. However, depending on local conditions and species’ sensitivity, the nature of these shifts can be highly variable and difficult to predict. Here, we examine how the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a philopatric, montane lagomorph, responds to climatic gradients at three spatial scales. Using mixed‐effects modeling in an information‐theoretic approach, we evaluated a priori model suites regarding predictors of site occupancy, relative abundance, and elevational‐range retraction across 760 talus patches, nested within 64 watersheds across the Northern Rocky Mountains of North America, during 2017–2020. The top environmental predictors differed across these response metrics. Warmer temperatures in summer and winter were associated with lower occupancy, lower relative abundances, and greater elevational retraction across watersheds. Occupancy was also strongly influenced by habitat patch size, but only when combined with climate metrics such as actual evapotranspiration. Using a second analytical approach, acute heat stress and summer precipitation best explained retraction residuals (i.e., the relative extent of retraction given the original elevational range of occupancy). Despite the study domain occurring near the species’ geographic‐range center, where populations might have higher abundances and be at lower risk of climate‐related stress, 33.9% of patches showed evidence of recent extirpations. Pika‐extirpated sites averaged 1.44℃ warmer in summer than did occupied sites. Additionally, the minimum elevation of pika occupancy has retracted upslope in 69% of watersheds (mean: 281 m). Our results emphasize the nuance associated with evaluating species’ range dynamics in response to climate gradients, variability, and temperature exceedances, especially in regions where species occupy gradients of conditions that may constitute multiple range edges. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of evaluating diverse drivers across response metrics to improve the predictive accuracy of widely used, correlative models.
Advanced analysis of flexural test results of sealant for solid oxide cells
Authors: Fakouri Hasanabadi Masood , Kokabi Amir Hossein , Faghihi‐Sani Mohammad Ali , Abdoli Hamid , Malzbender Jürgen , Gross‐Barsnick Sonja‐Michaela
Published: July 2021

The conventional relations for calculating the fracture stresses consider only elastic deformation but ignore viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviors. Measuring the joining strength of a composite glass sealant‐metallic interconnect specimen at solid oxide cell application relevant at high temperatures is a case where such effects can become significant. In the current study, three‐point and four‐point bending test results were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) to assess systematic and random errors. It is shown that plastic deformation of the steel interconnect material at high temperature, although having a large effect on the stress distribution in the steel/glass–ceramic/steel specimen, does not cause a significant difference in the FEM‐derived true and the standard equation‐based analytically derived flexural stress values. It is also observed that even if the viscous flow of the glass–ceramic is considered in the simulations, the samples’ behavior in a realistic testing condition is not biased significantly by inelastic behavior due to the short testing time.
Improving hand hygiene in a low‐resource setting: A nurse‐led quality improvement project
Authors: Kamanga Patricia , Ngala Patricia , Hebron Caitlin
Published: July 2021

Hand hygiene is a simple but often ignored practice in health care systems worldwide, but it is integral for nosocomial infection prevention, with many hospital‐acquired infections being linked to inadequate hand hygiene practice. At the burns unit in Kamuzu Central Hospital, 50% of patients were found to have acquired pseudomonas infections: one of the contributing factors being inadequate hand hygiene. This quality improvement project was part of a course for nurses to introduce change for patient benefit, with the aim of increasing the baseline figures for hand hygiene practices and hand hygiene facilities from 37% and 22%, respectively (baseline collected in November 2019). Using robust, standard quality improvement processes, measures were put in place such as checklists to observe hand hygiene compliance and facilities, appointment of a hand hygiene committee who monitored and sustained activities of the project, procurement and distribution of handrub and placement of hand‐washing buckets and soap at strategic points. The project saw an increase in availability of hand‐washing facilities to 95.6% and hand hygiene practices increase to >80% within 6 months. The project demonstrates that low cost interventions, led by nurses, can make a real difference to practice in resource poor countries.
Improving caring quality for people with dementia in nursing homes using IPOS‐Dem: A stepped‐wedge cluster randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Spichiger Frank , Koppitz Andrea L. , De Wolf‐Linder Susanne , Murtagh Fliss E. M. , Volken Thomas , Larkin Philip
Published: July 2021

Aims

We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for people with dementia‐based case studies to improve the caring quality for people with dementia in nursing homes by frontline staff and family members.

Background

Swiss nursing homes mostly care for people with dementia. This population is at high risk of receiving little to no palliation for their complex needs. The majority of Swiss frontline healthcare staff do not systematically report on the needs of their residents. Additionally, family members do not routinely participate in assessment processes.

Design

We will conduct a stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial of repeated assessment using the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for people with dementia (IPOS‐Dem) and subsequent case studies. Clusters will consist of Swiss nursing homes randomly assigned to one of three sequential intervention time points.

Methods

The study population will consist of people with dementia living in nursing homes with and without specialized dementia care facilities. Over 16 months, staff working at the frontline and family members will assess the needs and concerns of people with dementia using IPOS‐Dem. Depending on sequence allocation, facilitated case studies will start after 3, 6 or 9 months. The primary outcome will be caring quality measured by QUALIDEM. The secondary outcome will be symptoms and concerns, as indicated by the IPOS‐Dem sum‐score. The Zürich Ethics Committee approved the study in 2019 (2019‐01847).

Impact

The results of this study will contribute to improving the effectiveness of person‐centred care for people with dementia. Collaboration between healthcare staff and family members will be systematically developed and built upon thorough assessment using the IPOS‐Dem and related case studies. The use of IPOS‐Dem will offer all frontline staff a systematic approach to have an independent voice within the nursing process, regardless of their qualification or grade.
Identification and characterization of hADSC‐derived exosome proteins from different isolation methods
Authors: Huang Lien‐Hung , Rau Cheng‐Shyuan , Wu Shao‐Chun , Wu Yi‐Chan , Wu Chia‐Jung , Tsai Chia‐Wen , Lin Chia‐Wei , Lu Tsu‐Hsiang , Hsieh Ching‐Hua
Published: July 2021

Exosomes are secreted into the extracellular space by most cell types and contain various molecular constituents, which play roles in many biological processes. Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into a variety of cell types and secrete a series of paracrine factors through exosomes. ADSC‐derived exosomes have shown diagnostic and therapeutic potential in many clinical diseases. The molecular components are critical for their mechanisms. Several methods have been developed for exosome purification, including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, density gradient purification, size‐based isolation, polymer precipitation and immuno‐affinity purification. Thus, we employed four methods to isolate exosomes from the hADSC culture medium, including ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, ExoQuick‐TC precipitation and ExoQuick‐TC ULTRA isolation. Following exosome isolation, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of the exosome proteins using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labelling, combined with 2D‐LC‐MS/MS. There were 599 universal and 138 stably expressed proteins in hADSC‐derived exosomes. We proved that these proteins were potential hADSC‐derived exosomes markers, including CD109, CD166, HSPA4, TRAP1, RAB2A, RAB11B and RAB14. From the quantitative proteomic analysis, we demonstrated that hADSC‐derived exosome protein expression varied, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, in the different isolation methods. Pathway analysis and proliferation, migration and endothelial tube formation assays showed varying effects in cells stimulated with hADSC‐derived exosomes from different isolation methods. Our study revealed that different isolation methods might introduce variations in the protein composition in exosomes, which reflects their effects on biological function. The pros and cons of these methods are important points to consider for downstream research applications.
Combining multivariate genomic approaches to elucidate the comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Peyre Hugo , Schoeler Tabea , Liu Chaoyu , Williams Camille Michèle , Hoertel Nicolas , Havdahl Alexandra , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste
Published: July 2021

Background

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders. Several lines of evidence point towards the presence of shared genetic factors underlying ASD and ADHD. We conducted genomic analyses of common risk variants (i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) shared by ASD and ADHD, and those specific to each disorder.

Methods

With the summary data from two GWAS, one on ASD (N = 46,350) and another on ADHD (N = 55,374) individuals, we used genomic structural equation modelling and colocalization analysis to identify SNPs shared by ASD and ADHD and SNPs specific to each disorder. Functional genomic analyses were then conducted on shared and specific common genetic variants. Finally, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to test whether the shared genetic risk between ASD and ADHD was interpretable in terms of reciprocal relationships between ASD and ADHD.

Results

We found that 37.5% of the SNPs associated with ASD (at p < 1e‐6) colocalized with ADHD SNPs and that 19.6% of the SNPs associated with ADHD colocalized with ASD SNPs. We identified genes mapped to SNPs that are specific to ASD or ADHD and that are shared by ASD and ADHD, including two novel genes INSM1 and PAX1. Our bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses indicated that the risk of ASD was associated with an increased risk of ADHD and vice versa.

Conclusions

Using multivariate genomic analyses, the present study uncovers shared and specific genetic variants associated with ASD and ADHD. Further functional investigation of genes mapped to those shared variants may help identify pathophysiological pathways and new targets for treatment.
Technology‐delivered cognitive‐behavioral therapy for pediatric anxiety disorders: a meta‐analysis of remission, posttreatment anxiety, and functioning
Authors: Cervin Matti , Lundgren Tobias
Published: July 2021

Background

The efficacy of technology‐delivered cognitive‐behavioral therapy (tCBT) for pediatric anxiety disorders (ADs) is uncertain as no meta‐analysis has examined outcomes in trials that used structured diagnostic assessments at pre‐ and posttreatment.

Methods

We carried out a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of tCBT for pediatric ADs that included participants <18 years of age with a confirmed primary AD according to a structured diagnostic interview. Nine studies with 711 participants were included.

Results

tCBT outperformed control conditions for remission for primary AD (37.9% vs. 10.2%; k = 9; OR = 4.73; p < .0001; I2 = 0%; moderate certainty), remission for all ADs (19.5% vs. 5.3%; k = 8; OR = 3.32; p < .0001; I2 = 0%; moderate certainty), clinician‐rated functioning (k = 7; MD = −4.38; p < .001; I2 = 56.9%; low certainty), and caregiver‐reported anxiety (k = 7; SMD = 0.27; p = .02; I2 = 41.4%; low certainty), but not for youth‐reported anxiety (k = 9; SMD = 0.13; p = .12; I2 = 0%; low certainty). More severe pretreatment anxiety, a lower proportion of completed sessions, no face‐to‐face sessions, media recruitment, and a larger proportion of females were associated with lower remission rates for primary AD.

Conclusions

tCBT has a moderate effect on remission for pediatric ADs and clinician‐rated functioning, a small effect on caregiver‐reported anxiety, and no statistically significant effect on youth‐reported anxiety. The certainty of these estimates is low to moderate. Remission rates vary substantially across trials and several factors that may influence remission were identified. Future research should examine for whom tCBT is most appropriate and what care to offer the large proportion that does not remit. Future RCTs should consider contrasting tCBT with partial tCBT (e.g., including therapist‐led exposure) and/or face‐to‐face CBT.
Zebrafish intestinal transcriptome highlights subdued inflammatory responses to dietary soya bean and efficacy of yeast β‐glucan
Authors: Rehman Saima , Gora Adnan H. , Siriyappagouder Prabhugouda , Brugman Sylvia , Fernandes Jorge M. O. , Dias Jorge , Kiron Viswanath
Published: July 2021

Anti‐nutritional factors in dietary components can have a negative impact on the intestinal barrier. Here, we present soya bean‐induced changes in the intestine of juvenile zebrafish and the effect of yeast β‐glucan through a transcriptomic approach. The inclusion of soya bean meal affected the expression of several intestinal barrier function‐related genes like arl4ca, rab25b, rhoub, muc5ac, muc5d, clcn2c and cltb in zebrafish. Several metabolic genes like cyp2x10.2, cyp2aa2, aldh3a2b, crata, elovl4, elovl6, slc51a, gpat2 and ATP‐dependent peptidase activity (lonrf, clpxb) were altered in the intestinal tissue. The expression of immune‐related genes like nlrc3, nlrp12, gimap8, prdm1 and tph1a, and genes related to cell cycle, DNA damage and DNA repair (e.g. spo11, rad21l1, nabp1b, spata22, tdrd9) were also affected in the soya bean fed group. Furthermore, our study suggests the plausible effect of yeast β‐glucan through the modulation of several genes that regulate immune responses and barrier integrity. Our findings indicate a subdued inflammation in juvenile zebrafish fed soya bean meal and the efficacy of β‐glucan to counter these subtle inflammatory responses.
Baricitinib reduces 30‐day mortality in older adults with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Abizanda Pedro , Calbo Mayo Juan María , Mas Romero Marta , Cortés Zamora Elisa Belén , Tabernero Sahuquillo María Teresa , Romero Rizos Luis , Sánchez‐Jurado Pedro Manuel , Sánchez‐Nievas Ginés , Campayo Escolano Carlos , Ochoa Serrano Alba , Sánchez‐Flor Alfaro Victoria , López Bru Rita , Gómez Ballesteros Cristina , Caldevilla Bernardo David , Callejas González Francisco Javier , Andrés‐Pretel Fernando , Lauschke Volker Martin , Stebbing Justin
Published: July 2021

Background

Older adults are at the highest risk of severe disease and death due to COVID‐19. Randomized data have shown that baricitinib improves outcomes in these patients, but focused stratified analyses of geriatric cohorts are lacking. Our objective was to analyze the efficacy of baricitinib in older adults with COVID‐19 moderate‐to‐severe pneumonia.

Methods

This is a propensity score [PS]‐matched retrospective cohort study. Patients from the COVID‐AGE and Alba‐Score cohorts, hospitalized for moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 pneumonia, were categorized in two age brackets of age <70 years old (86 with baricitinib and 86 PS‐matched controls) or ≥70 years old (78 on baricitinib and 78 PS‐matched controls). Thirty‐day mortality rates were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Mean age was 79.1 for those ≥70 years and 58.9 for those <70. Exactly 29.6% were female. Treatment with baricitinib resulted in a significant reduction in death from any cause by 48% in patients aged 70 or older, an 18.5% reduction in 30‐day absolute mortality risk (n/N: 16/78 [20.5%] baricitinib, 30/78 [38.5%] in PS‐matched controls, p < 0.001) and a lower 30‐day adjusted fatality rate (HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.09–0.47; p < 0.001). Beneficial effects on mortality were also observed in the age group <70 (8.1% reduction in 30‐day absolute mortality risk; HR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03–0.64; p = 0.011).

Conclusions

Baricitinib is associated with an absolute mortality risk reduction of 18.5% in adults older than 70 years hospitalized with COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Marrying into it: Siblings‐in‐law in the social support networks of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Bumble J. L. , Sanderson K. A. , Zemke K. E. , Hodapp R. M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Although attention has been devoted to social supports provided by parents and siblings of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), much less is known about supports provided by the spouses of these siblings—the so‐called siblings‐in‐law. This study examined the role of the sibling‐in‐law in the social support networks of their brother/sister‐in‐law with IDD and factors associated with providing greater amounts of tangible, informational and emotional support.

Method

Siblings‐in‐law of adults with IDD living predominately in the United States (N = 99) participated in a cross‐sectional survey. Measures covered demographic and family background, perspectives towards having a brother/sister‐in‐law with IDD, supports provided and characteristics of the adult with IDD's social support network.

Results

Most siblings‐in‐law reported providing support to their brother/sister‐in‐law with IDD. Percentages of siblings‐in‐law providing support were similar to that of the spouse and the spouse's family in the area of emotional support and similar to percentages of paid professionals in tangible and informational supports. Across all three support types, the main predictor of increased sibling‐in‐law support levels was a decreased ability of the parents‐in‐law to care for their child with IDD. Other predictors (e.g. distance from brother/sister‐in‐law with IDD and disability ‘insider’ status) varied by support type.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the role of siblings‐in‐law in the social support networks of adults with IDD, with implications for policy and practice.
Continuous interprofessional collaboration for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional survey in Japan
Authors: Matsunaga Mayumi , Horiuchi Shigeko , Kataoka Yaeko , Igarashi Yumiko , Porter Sarah E. , Fukui Toshiko
Published: July 2021

Aim

This study aimed to identify the current situation of interprofessional collaboration for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management in Japan including the professionals involved, the collaboration methods employed, and the barriers perceived by nurses and midwives.

Methods

This nationwide cross‐sectional survey of 1,046 total hospitals facilitating childbirth in Japan used an original 60‐item questionnaire to investigate GDM management practice through interprofessional collaboration. The questionnaire required one responder to be a midwife or nurse who was familiar with the management practices for GDM women in their respective hospitals. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and framework analysis was conducted for qualitative data collected by open‐ended questions.

Results

All 308 respondents (response rate 29.4%) were included. The professionals included in interprofessional collaboration were limited, and the only strategy used for interprofessional collaboration by a majority (91.5%) of hospitals was medical charts. There were 50.8% of hospitals that provided postpartum GDM follow‐ups and 54.5% of hospitals that did not engage in external collaboration for GDM management. The barriers to interprofessional collaboration extracted were seven categories and 23 subcategories, which were aligned within the following units of analysis: individual, team, organization, and community.

Conclusions

This survey shows that interprofessional collaboration, including support for GDM postpartum follow‐up in Japan remains insufficient. Furthermore, nurses and midwives perceive numerous barriers to interprofessional collaboration for continuous GDM management at the individual, team, organizational and community levels.
Energy‐related financial literacy and electricity consumption: Survey‐based evidence from Finland
Authors: Kalmi Panu , Trotta Gianluca , Kažukauskas Andrius
Published: July 2021

We provide new insights into (i) the level of energy‐related financial literacy in Finnish households, (ii) the sociodemographic characteristics that affect energy‐related financial literacy, and (iii) whether energy‐related financial literacy influences household electricity consumption. We use a data set consisting of energy‐related financial literacy questions combined with monthly electricity consumption data. We draw from the recent literature on energy‐related financial literacy and suggest two new variables based on subjective perceptions on energy‐related financial literacy. Gender has a strong association with energy‐related financial literacy. Our results also indicate that households of respondents with higher levels of energy‐related financial literacy tend to consume less electricity when we control for other factors such as dwelling and household characteristics. This implies that measures to promote energy‐related financial literacy might guide consumers' decisions toward energy efficiency and conservation.
Formyl peptide receptor‐2 is upregulated in the blood and placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ye Wenfeng , Chen Linlin , Yang Yanjun , Yao Changfang , Zhu Lihua , Wang Qi , Jiang Jingting
Published: July 2021

Aim

To investigate the expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) in maternal blood, umbilical blood, and placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to analyze the changes of other pro‐inflammatory cytokines in blood, including interleukin 33 (IL‐33), IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and C‐reactive protein (CRP), so as to reveal the pathogenesis of GDM.

Methods

FPR2, IL‐33, IL‐1β, T TNF‐α, and CRP in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood of 50 pregnant women with GDM and 30 normal pregnant women were analyzed by ELISA method to explore the correlation between inflammatory factors and blood glucose. The expression of FPR2 in placental tissues was analyzed by PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results

The expression of FPR2 in maternal blood of gestational diabetes patients was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women, and other inflammatory factors IL‐33 and IL‐1β in maternal blood were also significantly increased. The expression of FPR2 in umbilical cord blood of gestational diabetes was higher than that of normal pregnant women, but the difference was not significant. Other inflammatory factors IL‐33, IL‐1β, and CRP in umbilical cord blood were also significantly increased. The expression of FPR2mRNA and protein in placental tissues of gestational diabetes was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women.

Conclusions

The level of FPR2, IL‐33, and IL‐1β in maternal blood was related to the pathogenesis of GDM and these inflammatory factors could be used as special candidate direction of marks for the prevention, clinical treatment and drug design of GDM, laying a new theoretical foundation for the treatment of GDM.
Immunogenicity of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Holden Inge K. , Bistrup Claus , Nilsson Anna Christine , Hansen Janne Fuglsang , Abazi Rozeta , Davidsen Jesper Rømhild , Poulsen Mikael Kjær , Lindvig Susan Olaf , Justesen Ulrik S. , Johansen Isik Somuncu
Published: July 2021

Background

It is currently not well described if a two‐dose regimen of a Covid‐19 vaccine is sufficient to elicit an immune response in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.

Results

A total of 80 SOT recipients completed a two‐dose regimen with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) messenger RNA vaccine. Only 35.0% (n = 28) were able to mount a positive IgG immune response 6 weeks after the second dose of vaccine.

Conclusion

This emphasizes that SOT recipients need continued use of personal protective measures. Future studies need to closely examine the cellular immune response in patients with compromised antibody response to Covid‐19 vaccination.
Teachers' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Breakfast in the Classroom: The Importance of Health
Authors: McKeon Gina Pope , Shukaitis Jennifer , Cuite Cara L.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Teacher resistance is sometimes cited as a barrier to implementing Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC), an approach to school breakfast in which students eat at their desks after the school day has begun. Given their role in serving breakfast with BIC, teacher perceptions may be critical in implementing an effective BIC program.

METHODS

K‐5 teachers (N = 249) in an urban, low‐income school district completed an online survey that assessed their expectations of BIC (retrospectively), perceptions of its benefits and challenges, and current program satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation tests, and multiple regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Most teachers (64%) whose students were currently receiving BIC were satisfied with the program overall, and 81% of teachers agreed that (1) BIC should continue and (2) is worth the effort. The most commonly identified problem was lack of breakfast variety and healthfulness. Retrospective positive expectations were positively correlated with current program satisfaction (r = .61, p < .001), although overall post‐implementation perceptions are much more positive. Additionally, the perception that BIC improves students' health is related to higher satisfaction with BIC.

CONCLUSIONS

Focusing on the health implications of BIC may be important to implementing new BIC programs.
Recess Quality and Social and Behavioral Health in Elementary School Students
Authors: Massey William V. , Thalken Janelle , Szarabajko Alexandra , Neilson Laura , Geldhof John
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

A majority of research findings have focused on recess as instrumental to achieving minutes of physical activity rather than focusing on the psycho‐social benefits associated with a high‐quality recess environment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between recess quality and teacher‐reported social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes in children.

METHODS

Data were collected from 26 schools in 4 different regions of the United States. Teachers (N = 113) completed behavioral assessments for randomly selected children in their classrooms (N = 352). Data assessors conducted live observations of recess using the Great Recess Framework—Observational Tool. A series of 2‐level regression models were fit in Mplus v. 8.2 to assess how recess quality was associated with indicators of children's social, emotional, and behavioral health.

RESULTS

Recess quality significantly predicted executive functioning problems (b = −.360, p = .021), resilience (b = .369, p = .016), emotional self‐control (b = −.367, p = .016), and a composite of adaptive classroom behaviors (b = .321, p = .030).

CONCLUSION

Results of the present study demonstrate that recess quality impacts child developmental outcomes. Schools should ensure there is adequate training and resources to facilitate a positive and meaningful recess for students.
A JOURNEY THROUGH PYSCHOSIS: MY STORY Learning from lived experience of mental illness
Authors: Thomas Esther Jayne
Published: July 2021

My submission is under the “lived experience narrative” you are kindly publishing. It is the story of my journey through psychosis and aims to elicit empathy from professionals and lay readers alike. It shines a light on the general nature of mental illness hoping to provide an insight to those working in the fields of psychiatry and nursing. At the same time, it touches upon the use of labels, alternative mental health practices and the role of capitalism in mental illness. Ultimately, it shows there is a life to be had when you learn to carry your diagnosis with hope.
Effects of increasing dietary rye levels on physicochemical characteristics of digesta and its impact on stomach emptying as well as the formation of ‘doughballs’ in stomachs of young pigs
Authors: Wilke Volker , Grone Richard , von Felde Andreas , Abd El‐Wahab Amr , Wolf Petra , Kamphues Josef
Published: July 2021

Despite quite similar contents of starch and crude fibre of wheat and rye, the unique non‐starch‐polysaccharide fraction of rye (e.g. high levels of arabinoxylans and fructans) might have an impact on physicochemical properties of the digesta in pigs. Forty pigs (age: 46.8 ± 5.28 days; bodyweight: 16.1 ± 4.13 kg) were divided into four treatment groups. During four weeks, the pigs received diets consisting of wheat and/or rye, barley, soy, potato protein and a mineral supplement. The sum of wheat and rye was 69% in all diets, whereby the compound feed of each group was characterized by a different ratio (%) of wheat/rye (69/0; 46/23; 23/46; 0/69, respectively). In the stomach, ‘doughballs’ occurred more frequently with increasing dietary rye levels (9/10; 69% rye). With higher DM content and extract‐viscosity of gastric digesta, the stomach emptying tended to be retarded in rye groups. Compared to the control group (69% wheat), maximum dietary rye levels (69%) resulted in significantly higher concentrations of lactic acid in digesta of the stomach and small intestine. With increasing lactic acid concentrations, the pH tended to be lower in small intestinal digesta. With an intensified formation of lactic acid, effects against Gram‐negative bacteria, for example Salmonella, can be expected. Moreover, because of higher viscosity and the retarded stomach emptying, there could be advantages of including rye in compound feeds when a longer lasting satiety is intended, for example when feeding pregnant sows (regularly fed restrictively).