bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main‐Group Metal‐Nonmetal Dynamic Proton Bridges Enhance Ammonia Electrosynthesis
Authors: Sun Yuntong , Dai Liming , Dong Kai , Sui Nicole L. D. , Li Yinghao , Sun Jingwen , Zeng Jianrong , Fan Wenjun , Tian Meng , Zhu Junwu , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a crucial process for the sustainable production of ammonia (NH3) for energy and agriculture applications. However, the reaction's efficiency is highly dependent on the activation of the inert N≡N bond, which is hindered by the electron back‐donation to the π* orbitals of the N≡N bond, resulting in low eNRR capacity. Herein, we report a main‐group metal‐nonmetal (O−In−S) eNRR catalyst featuring a dynamic proton bridge, with In−S serving as the polarization pair and O functioning as the dynamic electron pool. In situ spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the In−S polarization pair acts as asymmetric dual‐sites, polarizing the N≡N bond by concurrently back‐donating electrons to both the πx* and πy* orbitals of N2, thereby overcoming the significant band gap limitations, while inhibiting the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. Meanwhile, the O dynamic electron pool acts as a “repository” for electron storage and donation to the In−S polarization pair. As a result, the O−In−S dynamic proton bridge exhibits exceptional NH3 yield rates and Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) across a wide potential window of 0.3 V, with an optimal NH3 yield rate of 80.07±4.25 μg h−1 mg−1 and an FE of 38.01±2.02 %, outperforming most previously reported catalysts.
Peptide Degrader‐Based Targeting of METTL3/14 Improves Immunotherapy Response in Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Han Hong , Li Zenghui , Feng Yuqing , Song He , Fang Zhixiong , Zhang Dingxiao , Yuan Dan , Shi Junfeng
Published: August 2024

METTL3 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment, although its oncogenic functions in melanoma development and potential for therapeutic targeting drug have not been fully explored. In this study, we define the oncogenic role of METTL3 in melanoma development and progression. Building on this insight, we examine our recently designed peptide inhibitor RM3, which targets the binding interface of METTL3/14 complex for disruption and subsequent ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation via the E3 ligase STUB1. RM3 treatment reduces proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis identified changes in immuno‐related genes following RM3‐mediated suppression of METTL3/14 N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase activity, suggesting a potential for interaction with immunotherapy. A combination treatment of RM3 with anti‐PD‐1 antibody results in significantly higher beneficial tumor response in vivo, with a good safety profile. Collectively, these findings not only delineate the oncogenic role of METTL3 in melanoma but also showcase RM3, acting as a peptide degrader, as a novel and promising strategy for melanoma treatment.
Quantifying the Hydration‐Dependent Dynamics of Cu Migration and Activity in Zeolite Omega for the Partial Oxidation of Methane
Authors: Wieser Johannes , Wardecki Dariusz , Fischer Jörg W. A. , Newton Mark A. , Dejoie Catherine , Knorpp Amy J. , Hansen Thomas C. , Jeschke Gunnar , Rzepka Przemyslaw , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: August 2024

Copper‐exchanged zeolite omega (Cu‐omega) is a potent material for the selective conversion of methane‐to‐methanol (MtM) via the oxygen looping approach. However, its performance exhibits substantial variation depending on the operational conditions. Under an isothermal temperature regime, Cu‐omega demonstrates subdued activity below 230 °C, but experiences a remarkable increase in activity at 290 °C. Applying a high‐temperature activation protocol at 450 °C causes a rapid deactivation of the material. This behavioral divergence is investigated by combining reactivity studies, neutron diffraction and in situ high‐resolution anomalous X‐ray powder diffraction (HR‐AXRPD), as well as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, to reveal that the migration of Cu throughout the framework is the primary cause of these behaviors, which in turn is predominantly governed by the degree of hydration of the system. This work suggests that control over the Cu migration throughout the zeolite framework may be harnessed to significantly increase the activity of Cu‐omega by generating more active sites for the MtM conversion. These results underscore the power of in situ HR‐AXRPD for unraveling the behavior of materials under reaction conditions and suggest that a re‐evaluation of Cu‐zeolites priorly deemed inactive for the MtM conversion across a broader range of conditions and looping protocols may be warranted.
High‐Energy Aqueous S‐MnO2 Batteries with Redox Charge Carriers
Authors: Yang Jinzhang , Bi Songshan , Wang Huimin , Zhang Yanyu , Yan Haoxuan , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: August 2024

The energy densities of conventional aqueous batteries are often unsatisfactory due to the limited capacities of electrode materials. Therefore, the design of creative aqueous batteries has to be considered. Herein, aqueous S‐MnO2 batteries are constructed by matching S/Cu2S redox couples and MnO2 deposition/dissolution. In such batteries, S/Cu2S redox couples undergo the solid‐solid conversion reaction with four‐electron transfer, ensuring a high specific capacity of 2220 mAh g−1 in S anodes. Furthermore, the conversion reaction of S/Cu2S redox couples can take place stably in acidic electrolyte that is essential for the MnO2 deposition/dissolution. As a result, the S/Cu2S redox couples can match MnO2 deposition/dissolution well, which endow the batteries with a membrane‐free configuration. As a proof of concept, Ah‐level prismatic and single‐flow batteries were assembled and could operate stably for over 1000 h, demonstrating their great potential for large‐scale energy storage. This work broadens the horizons of aqueous batteries beyond metal‐manganese chemistry.
Improved Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Electrocatalysis through Hydrogen Poisoning Effects
Authors: Li Yuefei , Tan Yuan , Zhang Mingkai , Hu Jun , Chen Zhong , Su Laisuo , Li Jiayuan
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical conversion from nitrate to ammonia is a key step in sustainable ammonia production. However, it suffers from low productive efficiency or high energy consumption due to a lack of desired electrocatalysts. Here we report nickel cobalt phosphide (NiCoP) catalysts for nitrate‐to‐ammonia electrocatalysis that display a record‐high catalytic current density of −702±7 mA cm−2, ammonia production rate of 5415±26 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and Faraday efficiency of 99.7±0.2 % at −0.3 V vs. RHE, affording the estimated energy consumption as low as 22.7 kWh kgammonia−1. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that these catalysts benefit from hydrogen poisoning effects, which leave behind catalytically inert adsorbed hydrogen species (HI*) at Co‐hollow sites and thereupon enable ideally reactive HII* at secondary Co−P sites. The dimerization between HI* and HII* for H2 evolution is blocked due to the catalytic inertia of HI* thereby the HII* drives nitrate hydrogenation timely. With these catalysts, the continuous ammonia production is further shown in an electrolyser with a real energy consumption of 18.9 kWh kgammonia−1.
Multiple Structural and Phase Transformations of MOF and Selective Hydrocarbon Gas Separation in its Amorphous, Glass Phase States
Authors: Li Jian , Wu Jia‐Xin , Liu Tao , Yang Jian , Wei Mei‐Ling , Yang Chuang , Dong Qiubing , Yin Zheng , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zeng Ming‐Hua
Published: August 2024

The first wide‐view image of multiple structural and phase transformations for MOFs, ranging from crystal state transformations to the extreme limit approaching liquid/glass phase, was presented. The process involves i) an initial crystalline transformation from square‐layer framework [Co2(pybz)2(CH3COO)2] ⋅ DMF (Co2) to a 3‐fold interpenetrated and ordered vacancies contained framework [Co(pybz)2(CH3OH)2] ⋅ 2CH3OH (CoM) due to in situ disassemble‐reassemble, ii) thermal induced departure of a pair of cis‐form coordinated methanol in CoM leads to amorphous framework a‐dCoM, iii) glass transition to super‐cooled liquid scl‐dCoM, iv) obtaining MOF glass g‐dCoM upon quenching the super‐cooled liquid, and v) re‐crystallization of super‐cooled liquid generates 6‐fold interpenetrated dia‐net framework [Co(pybz)2]6n (rec‐dCoM) under further heating. The access to glass from CoM, provides a new self‐perturbation strategy to create MOF glasses without melting. The wider pore size distribution in amorphous/glassy MOFs than crystalline precursor achieved the first time selective hydrocarbon gas separation by breakthrough experiments, which bring efficient separation of 1 : 99 C2H2/C2H4 by either a‐dCoM or g‐dCoM and produce polymer grade C2H4 with purity≥99.5 % after a single adsorption process. Furthermore, the mixture of 50 : 50 C3H6/C3H8 can be separated by a‐dCoM.
Photo‐BQCA: Positive Allosteric Modulators Enabling Optical Control of the M1 Receptor
Authors: Gerwe Hubert , Schaller Eva , Sortino Rosalba , Opar Ekin , Martínez‐Tambella Joaquín , Bermudez Marcel , Lane J. Robert , Gorostiza Pau , Decker Michael
Published: August 2024

The field of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) research has greatly benefited from the spatiotemporal resolution provided by light controllable, i.e., photoswitchable ligands. Most of the developed tools have targeted the Rhodopsin‐like family (Class A), the largest family of GPCRs. However, to date, all such Class A photoswitchable ligands were designed to act at the orthosteric binding site of these receptors. Herein, we report the development of the first photoswitchable allosteric modulators of Class A GPCRs, designed to target the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The presented benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) derivatives, Photo‐BQCisA and Photo‐BQCtrAns, exhibit complementary photopharmacological behavior and allow reversible control of the receptor using light as an external stimulus. This makes them valuable tools to further investigate M1 receptor signaling and a proof of concept for photoswitchable allosteric modulators at Class A receptors.
Enhancing d/p‐2π* Orbitals Hybridization via Strain Engineering for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Zhou Guosheng , Liu Xinlin , Xu Yangrui , Feng Sheng , Lu Ziyang , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: August 2024

The photoconversion of CO2 into valuable chemical products using solar energy is a promising strategy to address both energy and environmental challenges. However, the strongly adsorbed CO2 frequently impedes the seamless advancement of the subsequent reaction by significantly increasing the reaction activation energy. Here, we present a BiFeO3 material with lattice strain that collaboratively regulates the d/p‐2π* orbitals hybridization between metal sites and *CO2 as well as *COOH intermediates to achieve rapid conversion of solidly adsorbed CO2 to critical *COOH intermediates, accelerating the overall CO2 reduction kinetics. Quasi in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculation reveals that the optimized Fe sites enhance the adsorption and activation effect of CO2, and continuous internal electrons are rapidly transferred to the reaction sites and injected into the surface *CO2 and *COOH under the condition of illumination, which promotes the rapid formation and stability of *COOH. Certainly, the performance of CO2 photoreduction to CO is improved by 12.81‐fold compared with the base material. This work offers a new perspective for the rapid photoreduction process of strongly adsorbed CO2.
Unconventional Luminescence Polymer with Color‐Tunability based on Solvent‐Induced Electrostatic Potential Distribution of Fluorophore
Authors: He Yanyun , Qiao Yujie , Li Zheng , Feng Weixu , Zhao Yan , Tian Wei , Zhong Tang Ben , Yan Hongxia
Published: August 2024

Tuning full‐color emission of polymers holds significant promise. However, preparing unconventional luminescence polymers with color‐tunability in dilute solution and understanding the relationship between non‐covalent interactions and luminescent behavior remains a great challenge. We report two emitters (P1 and P2) incorporating tetracoordinate boron. The P1 with non‐conjugated D‐π‐A structure, exhibited red delayed fluorescence at 645 nm with quantum yield of 9.15 % in aggregates. Notably, the emission wavelength of P1 can be tuned from 418 to 588 nm at different solvent. Similarly, the emission wavelength of P2 can also be adjusted by manipulating the interactions between the solvent and fluorophore. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that the B←N bond and electronic interactions between solvent and fluorophore significantly regulate the equilibrium the electrostatic potential (ESP) and the intramolecular O⋅⋅⋅O interactions of P1, thereby modulating its emission wavelength. Additionally, these polymers showed excellent potential in fluoride ions detection. This work provides new insights into the complex effects of intermolecular interactions on luminescent properties.
Mitigating Intraphase Catalytic‐Domain Transfer via CO2 Laser for Enhanced Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Electroconversion and Zn‐Nitrate Battery Behavior
Authors: Lee Yeryeong , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Yodsin Nuttapon , Min Ahreum , Moon Cheol Joo , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Choi Myong Yong
Published: August 2024

Developing sustainable energy solutions is critical for addressing the dual challenges of energy demand and environmental impact. In this study, a zinc‐nitrate (Zn−NO3−) battery system was designed for the simultaneous production of ammonia (NH3) via the electrocatalytic NO3− reduction reaction (NO3RR) and electricity generation. Continuous wave CO2 laser irradiation yielded precisely controlled CoFe2O4@nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoFe2O4@NC) hollow nanocubes from CoFe Prussian blue analogs (CoFe‐PBA) as the integral electrocatalyst for NO3RR in 1.0 M KOH, achieving a remarkable NH4+ production rate of 10.9 mg h−1 cm−2 at −0.47 V versus Reversible Hydrogen Electrode with exceptional stability. In situ and ex situ methods revealed that the CoFe2O4@NC surface transformed into high‐valent Fe/CoOOH active species, optimizing the adsorption energy of NO3RR (*NO2 and *NO species) intermediates. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations validated the possible NO3RR pathway on CoFe2O4@NC starting with NO3− conversion to *NO2 intermediates, followed by reduction to *NO. Subsequent protonation forms the *NH and *NH2 species, leading to NH3 formation via final protonation. The Zn−NO3− battery utilizing the CoFe2O4@NC cathode exhibits dual functionality by generating electricity with a stable open‐circuit voltage of 1.38 V versus Zn/Zn2+ and producing NH3. This study highlights the innovative use of CO2 laser irradiation to transform Prussian blue analogs into cost‐effective catalysts with hierarchical structures for NO3RR‐to‐NH3 conversion, positioning the Zn−NO3− battery as a promising technology for industrial applications.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Copper and Dicarboxy‐Functionalized Imidazole Modified With Halides: Enhancement of Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Pérez‐Almarcha Yanira , Alonso Azahara , Albert‐Soriano María , Martos Mario , Pastor Isidro M.
Published: August 2024

New chloride‐ and bromide‐modified metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based on copper and 1,3‐bis (carboxymethyl)imidazole (bcmim) derivatives have been prepared via post–synthetic modification (PSM) or by a direct route, following a simple, effective, and sustainable protocol. These materials have been characterized, and their catalytic activity has been studied. Cu‐bcmim‐Cl and Cu‐bcmim‐Br materials have been shown to be more efficient acidic catalytic systems than nonmodified materials. The catalytic activity has been tested as a Lewis acid catalyst in the methanolysis of styrene oxide and in the synthesis of quinolines and acridines, with the recovery and recyclability of the catalysts being possible. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the catalysts has been tested in the oxidative coupling of formamides and carboxylic acids.
Cobble reef restoration in the Baltic Sea: Implications for life below water
Authors: Casabona E. , Wilms T. , Moltesen M. , Bertelsen J. L. , Kruse B. M. , Flávio H. , Holloway P. , Svendsen J. C.
Published: August 2024

Many coastal ecosystems are impacted by human pressures. Rocky reefs are structurally complex habitats that often support elevated fish abundance and marine biodiversity. In the Baltic Sea, rocky reefs have suffered from extraction for decades, leading to a decrease in hard substrata and complex habitat availability.

This study is the first to restore cobble reefs and examine the biological effects.

Baited and unbaited underwater video systems (BRUVS and UBRUVS, respectively) were employed across five years to monitor fish communities before reef deployment in 2017 and after reef deployment in 2018 and 2021.

Using a before–after control‐impact (BACI) study design with replicates, relative abundances of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), herring (Clupeidae sp.), goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris), two‐spotted goby (Pomatoschistus flavescens), shore crab (Carcinus maenas), and flatfish (Pleuronectiformes spp.) were compared across time and test sites. Comparisons were conducted across 1) restored cobble reefs, 2) natural cobble reefs, and 3) sand‐bottom test sites.

This study found positive reef restoration effects revealed consistently by BRUVS and UBRUVS in three species: Atlantic cod, goldsinny wrasse and two‐spotted goby. These findings indicate that A) it is possible to restore cobble reefs and the associated mobile fauna, but also that B) continued marine extraction of cobble degrades complex habitats to the detriment of various marine species.

To preserve Atlantic cod, and other sensitive species, we emphasize ecosystem restoration and warn against marine cobble reef extraction in vulnerable areas. Restoration of marine habitats may contribute to achieving the UN sustainable development goal covering life below water.
Functional microanatomy of the vomeronasal complex of bats
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Downing Sarah E. , Rosenberger Veronica B. , Loeffler Julia R. , King Nicholas A. , Curtis Abigail A. , Eiting Thomas P. , Santana Sharlene E.
Published: August 2024

Recently, Yohe and Krell (The Anatomical Record, vol. 306:2765–2780) lamented the incongruence between genetics and morphology in the vomeronasal system of bats. Here, we studied 105 bat species from 19 families using histology, iodine‐enhanced computed tomography (CT), and/or micro‐CT. We focused on structural elements that support a functional peripheral vomeronasal receptor organ (vomeronasal organ [VNO]), together comprising the “vomeronasal complex.” Our results support prior studies that describe a functional VNO in most phyllostomid bats, miniopterids, and some mormoopids (most known Pteronotus spp.). All of these species (or congeners, at least) have vomeronasal nerves connecting the VNO with the brain and some intact genes related to a functional VNO. However, some bats have VNOs that lack a neuroepithelium and yet still possess elements that aid VNO function, such as a “capsular” morphology of the vomeronasal cartilages (VNCs), and even large venous sinuses, which together facilitate a vasomotor pump mechanism that can draw fluid into the VNO. We also show that ostensibly functionless VNOs of some bats are developmentally associated with ganglionic masses, perhaps involved in endocrine pathways. Finally, we demonstrate that the capsular VNC articulates with the premaxilla or maxilla, and that these bones bear visible grooves denoting the location of the VNC. Since these paraseptal grooves are absent in bats that have simpler (bar‐shaped or curved) VNCs, this trait could be useful in fossil studies. Variable retention of some but not all “functional” elements of the vomeronasal complex suggests diverse mechanisms of VNO loss among some bat lineages.
Effect of ultraviolet on the environmental adaptability of Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Jin Haifeng , Wang Chaozheng , Jiang Wayne , Li Xia , Li Fen , Wu Shaoying
Published: August 2024

Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall, an important pest of bean plants, is primarily managed with synthetic insecticides. M. usitatus has developed considerable resistance to various insecticides in multiple cowpea‐growing areas in Hainan Province, China, posing challenges to its control in the field. Light control technology is a potentially effective physical control method for M. usitatus. The vision of thrips is highly sensitive to UV light, whereas other biological characteristics remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of ultraviolet light on the biological characteristics of M. usitatus. Results showed that the egg, larval, and pupal stages of M. usitatus were significantly shortened, and the emergence rate (79.59%) and adult survival rate (77.95%) were reduced under a devoid of UV light environment (UV−), compared with the full‐spectrum light (control treatment group, CK) (p < 0.05). However, the single spawning quantity and total amount of spawning were significantly higher, and the sex ratio (57%) was the highest under UV− (p < 0.05). Single UV light (UV+) only affected the pupation rate. Also, the antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase activities were significantly and negatively correlated with the progression of generations under UV−, whereas catalase and SOD activities were significantly and positively correlated with the progression of generations under UV+. The UV− light conditions significantly interfered with the behavior selection of M. usitatus. The results of this study showed that the adaptability of M. usitatus populations would be greatly reduced in the absence of ultraviolet light, providing a theoretical basis for the control of M. usitatus populations.
Noncovalent Interactions and Transverse Vibration Induced Restricted Thermal Expansion of Organic Salts Derived from Imidazole and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Negi Lalita , Sethi Tapaswini , Das Dinabandhu
Published: August 2024

Design of material showing contraction upon heating is highly challenging due to varying mechanism. However, imidazole is found to be a potential molecule that may provide low CTE materials when incorporated in the matrix. Here we have reported thermal expansion property of imidazolium salts of five aliphatic α, ω‐alkane dicarboxylic acids and three aromatic acids. Either uniaxial or biaxial negative thermal expansion (NTE) has been observed in most of the salts. In some cases, axial zero thermal expansion (ZTE) has been observed. The role of imidazolium moiety for the anomalous thermal expansion behaviour of the salts has been analyzed in this study. The controlled TE behaviour of the salts is attributed to the hydrogen bonding and transverse vibration in all imidazolium salts. Owing to the high transverse vibration observed in imidazolium ion as well as the heavier oxygen atoms of acids in each case, the distance between hydrogen bonded atoms decreases–which provides either low expansion or contraction along one of the principal axes.
Imidazolium‐decorated Bis‐cyanostilbene Macrocycle: An Effect Fluorescence Sensor for Pesticide Starane
Authors: Wu Yunmei , Lin Hui , Zheng Sining , Guo Hongyu , Yang Fafu
Published: August 2024

Fluorescence sensors for complicated molecules such as pesticides were paid much attention lately due to the merits of simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity, and in‐situ detection. In this work, a novel fluorescent sensor for pesticide starane was prepared based on imidazolium‐decorated bis‐cyanostilbene macrocycle (IBM). IBM exhibited the obvious “turn‐on” fluorescence change from dark blue‐green to bright blue after sensing starane with the high sensing selectivity among 28 kinds of guests. The detecting limitation was as low as 0.011 μM, which was the lowest one in literatures. The sensing mechanism was confirmed as that starane was located in cavity of IBM based on the molecular interaction of multiple hydrogen bonds, π‐π stacking and hydrophobic interaction. The application experiments suggested that starane was examined well on test paper with good selectivity and was quantitatively detected in water samples, implying the good real‐time and in‐situ application potential for IBM on sensing starane in real environment and daily life.
Comparative effects of viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its heat‐inactivated paraprobiotic in the prevention of high‐fat high‐fructose diet‐induced non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats
Authors: Arellano‐García Laura Isabel , Milton‐Laskibar Iñaki , Martínez J. Alfredo , Arán‐González Miguel , Portillo María P.
Published: August 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver alterations worldwide, being gut microbiota dysbiosis one of the contributing factors to its development. The aim of this research is to compare the potential effects of a viable probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) with those exerted by its heat‐inactivated paraprobiotic counterpart in a dietary rodent model of NAFLD. The probiotic administration effectively prevented the hepatic lipid accumulation induced by a high‐fat high‐fructose diet feeding, as demonstrated by chemical (lower TG content) and histological (lower steatosis grade and lobular inflammation) analyses. This effect was mainly mediated by the downregulation of lipid uptake (FATP2 protein expression) and upregulating liver TG release to bloodstream (MTTP activity) in rats receiving the probiotic. By contrast, the effect of the paraprobiotic preventing diet‐induced liver lipid accumulation was milder, and mainly derived from the downregulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (SREBP‐1c protein expression and FAS activity) and TG assembly (DGAT2 and AQP9 protein expression). The obtained results demonstrate that under these experimental conditions, the effects induced by the administration of viable L. rhamnosus GG preventing liver lipid accumulation in rats fed a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose differ from those induced by its heat‐inactivated paraprobiotic counterpart.
Romiplostim in chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia: A review of the literature
Authors: Soff Gerald A. , Al‐Samkari Hanny , Leader Avi , Eisen Melissa , Saad Hossam
Published: August 2024

Chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common challenge of cancer therapy and can lead to chemotherapy dose reduction, delay, and/or discontinuation, affecting relative dose intensity, and possibly adversely impacting cancer care. Besides changing anticancer regimens, standard management of CIT has been limited to platelet transfusions and supportive care. Use of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim, already approved for use in immune thrombocytopenia, has shown promising signs of efficacy in CIT. In a phase 2 prospective randomized study of solid tumor patients with platelet counts <100 × 109/L for ≥4 weeks due to CIT, weekly romiplostim corrected the platelet count to >100 × 109/L in 93% (14/15) of patients within 3 weeks versus 12.5% (1/8) of untreated patients (p < 0.001). Including patients treated with romiplostim in an additional single‐arm cohort, 85% (44/52) of all romiplostim‐treated patients responded with platelet count correction within 3 weeks. Several retrospective studies of CIT have also shown responses to weekly romiplostim, with the largest study finding that poor response to romiplostim was predicted by tumor invasion of the bone marrow (odds ratio, 0.029; 95% CI: 0.0046–0.18; p < 0.001), prior pelvic irradiation (odds ratio, 0.078; 95% CI: 0.0062–0.98; p = 0.048), and prior temozolomide treatment (odds ratio 0.24; 95% CI: 0.061–0.96; p = 0.043). Elsewhere, lower baseline TPO levels were predictive of romiplostim response (p = 0.036). No new safety signals have emerged from romiplostim CIT studies. Recent treatment guidelines, including those from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, now support consideration of romiplostim use in CIT. Data are expected from two ongoing phase 3 romiplostim CIT trials.
Unlocking Hidden Treasures: LC–MS/MS Molecular Networks for Exploring Novel Passiflora Species with Pharmaceutical Potential
Authors: Garcia Laryana Borges , de Oliveira Yolanda Trindade , Lima Paulinne Moreira , Silva Guimarães Catarina , Nunes Teonildes Sacramento , Pinho Danielle Rocha , Lopes Norberto Peporine , de Brito Damasceno Gabriel Azevedo , Gomes Angelica Ferraz , Amaral Juliano Geraldo
Published: August 2024

In this study, we report the metabolic profiling of several previously uncharacterized Passiflora species native to Brazil, employing molecular networks to delve deeper into chemical constituents. Using the GNPS platform, in silico tools, and substructure annotation techniques, we expanded the chemical annotations. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed significant metabolic similarities between several species, including P. incarnata, suggesting shared pharmacological potential. Our identification of metabolic compounds facilitated comparisons between understudied species with medicinal properties. Notably, we documented 25 previously uncharacterized species, paving the way for the development of novel products aimed at improving human well‐being. This research focused on several native Passiflora species from Brazil, highlighting their unexplored therapeutic potential.
Study on Active Components and Mechanism of Lettuce Latex Against Spodoptera Litura
Authors: Gu Chengzhen , Zeng Bixue , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Yujia , Yan Chengxi , Lin Yangzheng , Khan Afsar , Zeng Rensen , Song Yuanyuan
Published: August 2024

Plant latex is a sticky emulsion exuded from laticifers once the plant is damaged. Latex is an essential component of plant defense against herbivores. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the Compositae family has relatively fewer insect herbivores compared with other leaf vegetables. The larvae of a generalist lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) avoided feeding on living lettuce plants. However, the larvae rapidly damaged the excised leaves that were unable to produce latex. Six compounds were isolated from lettuce latex. They were identified as 2,5‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde (1), 3β‐hydroxy‐4,15‐dehydrograndolide (2), annuolide D (3), lactucin (4), lactucopicrin (5), and hanphyllin (6). Bioassays showed that the inhibition rate of compound 1 (2,5‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde) and 6 (hanphyllin, a sesquiterpene lactone) on the weight gain of S. litura were 52.4 % and 10 %, respectively, at the concentration of 100 μg/g. RNA‐seq analyses showed that larval exposure to compound 1 down‐regulated the genes associated with heterobiotic metabolism including drug metabolism‐cytochrome P450, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and drug metabolism‐other enzymes (mainly uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase, UGTs). RT‐qPCR further confirmed that 33 genes in the family of carboxylesterase (CarE), P450s and UGTs were down‐regulated by compound 1. The activities of CarE, P450s and UGTs in the larvae fed on diets containing compound 1 were significantly lower than those fed on control diets, with the inhibition for the three detoxification enzymes being 55.4 %, 53.9 %, and 52.9 %. These findings suggest that secondary metabolites including 2,5‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde in the latex play a key role in protecting lettuce from insect herbivory.
Pilomatricoma in the infraorbital region
Authors: Dhungel Dilasha , Rastogi Varun , Chaurasia Sandhya , Maddheshiya Nisha
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Pilomatricoma, a rare benign skin tumor arising from hair follicle matrix cells, warrants consideration in the evaluation of subcutaneous nodules or masses, especially when presenting as painless and firm lesions. Accurate diagnosis hinges on histopathological examination, underscoring the significance of clinician vigilance and prompt intervention.

Pilomatricoma, also referred to as Pilomatrixomas or Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare benign skin tumor derived from hair follicle matrix cells, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical manifestations. Females are more commonly affected by Pilomatricoma. This condition typically manifests as a painless, firm, and slowly progressive lesion. Histopathological analysis shows characteristic findings, such as basaloid cells at the periphery and shadow cells centrally. Immunohistochemical studies assess the expression of cytokeratin's associated with hair matrix differentiation. Complete surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, ensuring favorable outcomes and minimizing the risk of recurrence. Awareness of this entity among clinicians is essential for timely recognition and appropriate intervention. In this specific case‐study, we present a case of Pilomatricoma situated in the lower left orbital region of a 32‐year‐old male individual who had been noticing swelling in that vicinity over the preceding 7 months.
Association for research on biosignaling and communication first world conference on cellular communication and signaling
Authors: Perbal Bernard , Weiskirchen Ralf
Published: August 2024

The present manuscript reports on the progress made toward the official announcement of the first World Conference on Cellular Communication and Signaling. This conference is made possible by the Association for research on biosignaling and communication initiative, which was originally launched in 2020 and revitalized during the 12th International Workshop on the Cell Communication Network family of genes in Oslo (June 20–23, 2024). The aim of this conference is to facilitate interactions among the members of societies interested in all aspects of research on Biosignaling and Communication. It is intended to provide a platform for collaborative efforts aimed at unraveling and understanding the functioning of biological pathways in both normal and pathological conditions.
CuxOy Incorporated COF: A Potential Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Ketones and Oxazolidinones Under Atmospheric CO2 Pressure and Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Roy Amitesh , Sarkar Priyanka , Shahidul Islam Mohammad , Yusuf Kareem , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: August 2024

In this present work, a newly designed metal‐oxide nanoparticle incorporated Covalent organic framework (COF), CuxOy@TFP‐ODA has been successfully synthesized and used for the effective synthesis of Oxazolidinones and a‐hydroxy ketones under mild conditions utilizing CO2. Initially, imine‐linked 2D COF, TFP‐ODA was synthesized by simple solvothermal method followed by the embedment of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) into the skeleton of the as‐synthesized COF. Different characterization techniques were employed to establish the physical and chemical characteristics of both CuxOy@TFP‐ODA and TFP‐ODA COF materials. To study the catalytic efficiency of the highly porous CuxOy@TFP‐ODA, three components coupling reaction involving primary amine, propargyl alcohol and CO2 to synthesize a series of 2‐Oxazolidinone and synthesis of α‐hydroxy ketones using CO2 as a Co‐catalyst were carried out over the as‐prepared catalyst under green and sustainable conditions which illustrated excellent yields and selectivity of the corresponding products. The synthesized catalyst was proved to be completely heterogeneous and especially, the catalyst material demonstrated significant potential for reuse across several catalytic cycles.
Enhancement of the performance of Ge–air batteries under high temperatures using conductive MOF‐modified Ge anodes
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Han Ya , Deng Fengjun , Zhao Tingyu , Liu Ze , Wang Dongxu , Luo Jinlong , Yu Yingjian
Published: August 2024

Germanium (Ge)–air batteries have gained significant attention from researchers owing to their high power density and excellent safety. However, self‐corrosion and surface passivation issues of Ge anode limit the development of high‐performance Ge–air batteries. In this study, conductive metal‐organic framework (MOF) Ni3(HITP)2 material was synthesized by the gas–liquid interface approach. The Ni3(HITP)2 material was deposited on the surface of the Ge anode to prevent corrosion and passivation reactions inside the battery. At 16°C, the discharge time of Ge anodes protected with MOFs was extended to 59 h at 195 μA cm−2, which was twice that of bare Ge anodes. The positive effect of MOFs on Ge–air batteries at high temperatures was observed for the first time. The Ge@Ni3(HITP)2 anodes discharged over 600 h at 65.0 μA cm−2. The experimental results confirmed that the two‐dimensional conductive MOF material effectively suppressed the self‐corrosion and passivation on Ge anodes. This work provides new ideas for improving the performance of batteries in extreme environments and a new strategy for anode protection in air batteries.
Pioneering Metal‐Free Late‐Stage C−H Functionalization Using Acridinium Salt Photocatalysis
Authors: Kanti Bera Shyamal , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: August 2024

Using organic dyes as photocatalysts is an innovative approach to photocatalytic organic transformations. These dyes offer advantages such as widespread availability, adaptable absorption properties, and diverse chemical structures. Recent progress has led to the development of organic photocatalysts that can utilize visible light to modify chemically inert C−H bonds. These catalysts are sustainable, selective, and versatile, enabling mild reactions, late‐stage functionalization, and various transformations in line with green chemistry principles. As catalysts in photoredox chemistry, they contribute to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic pathways. Acridinium‐based organic photocatalysts have proved valuable in late‐stage C−H functionalization, enabling transformative reactions under mild conditions. This review emphasizes their innovative features, such as organic frameworks, efficient light absorption properties, and their applications in modifying complex molecules. It provides an overview of recent advancements in the use of acridinium‐based organic photocatalysts for late‐stage C−H bond functionalization without the need for transition metals, showcasing their potential to expedite the development of new molecules and igniting excitement about the prospects of this research in the field.
Conjugating Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin to GTP by Formaldehyde to Overcome Drug Resistance
Authors: Su Linjia , Rezaei Sepideh , Mejia German , Pandey Popular , Dit Fouque Kevin Jeanne , Fernandez‐Lima Francisco , McGoron Anthony , He Jin , Leng Fenfei
Published: August 2024

Daunorubicin and doxorubicin are among the most potent anti‐cancer drugs and bind to DNA through intercalation. In this paper, we demonstrate that formaldehyde can efficiently and specifically conjugate daunorubicin and doxorubicin to GTP, resulting in the formation of daunorubicin‐GTP‐1 and doxorubicin‐GTP‐1 conjugates. The linkage occurs between the 2‐NH2 of guanine and the 3’‐NH2 of daunosamine. We characterized these daunorubicin/doxorubicin‐GTP conjugates using various methods, including UV‐Vis, fluorescence, CD, FT‐IR, and mass spectrometry. Our results also indicate that these daunorubicin/doxorubicin‐GTP conjugates bind to DNA via intercalation. Furthermore, we observed rapid accumulation of these conjugates in human cancer cells and observed cytotoxic effects in both doxorubicin‐sensitive SK‐OV‐3 and doxorubicin‐resistant NCI/ADR‐RES cells, suggesting that these daunorubicin and doxorubicin derivatives can overcome doxorubicin resistance.
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jin Yerim , Lee Yeongju
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer (BC) accounts for 30 % of cancer cases among women cancer patients globally, indicating the urgent need for the development of selective therapies targeting BCs. Recently, proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a promising strategy to target breast cancer. PROTAC is a chimeric molecule consisting of a target protein ligand, an E3 ligase ligand, and conjugating linkers, enabling it to facilitate the degradation of desired target proteins by recruiting E3 ligase in close proximity. Due to the catalytic behavior and direct degradation of BC‐causing proteins, PROTAC could achieve high drug efficacy with low doses, drawing great attention for its potential as therapeutics. This review provides cases of the currently developed PROTACs targeting BCs depending on the type of BCs, limitations, and future perspectives of PROTAC in targeting BCs.
In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Novel 1,4‐Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ravichandiran Palanisamy , Martyna Aleksandra , Kochanowicz Elżbieta , Maroli Nikhil , Kubiński Konrad , Masłyk Maciej , Boguszewska‐Czubara Anna , Ramesh Thiyagarajan
Published: August 2024

A novel library of naphthoquinone derivatives (3–5 aa) was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer properties. Specifically, compounds 5 i, 5 l, 5 o, 5 q, 5 r, 5 s, 5 t, and 5 v demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines that were studied. All the studied compounds exhibited a higher selectivity index (SI) and a favourable safety profile than the standard drug doxorubicin. Notably, compound 5 v displayed a greater cytotoxic effect on MCF‐7 cells (IC50=1.2 μM, and 0.9 μM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively) compared to the standard drug doxorubicin (IC50=2.4 μM, and 2.1 μM at 24 h and 48 h, respectively). To further investigate the mechanism of cytotoxic effect, additional anticancer studies were conducted with 5 v in MCF‐7 cells. The studies are including morphological changes, AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) double staining, apoptosis analysis, cell colony assay, SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, and detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. The findings showed that 5 v triggered cytotoxic effects in MCF‐7 cells through the initiation of cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and necrosis. In vivo ecotoxicity studies indicated that 5 v had lower toxicity towards zebrafish larvae (LC50=50.15 μM) and had an insignificant impact on cardiac functions. In vivo xenotransplantation of MCF‐7 cells in zebrafish larvae demonstrated a significant reduction in tumour volume in the xenograft. Approximately 95 % of the zebrafish larvae with 5 v xenografts survived after 10 days of the treatment. Finally, a computational modelling study was conducted on four protein receptors, namely ER, EFGR, BRCA1, and VEFGR2. The findings highlight the importance of the aminonaphthoquinone moiety, amide linkage, and propyl thio moiety in enhancing the anticancer properties. 5 v exhibited superior drug‐likeness features and docking scores (−9.1, −7.1, −8.9, and −10.9 kcal/mol) compared to doxorubicin (−7.2, −6.1, −6.9, and −7.3 kcal/mol) against ER, EFGR, BRCA1, and VEGFR2 receptors, respectively. Therefore, the notable antitumor effects of naphthoquinone derivatives (3–5 aa) suggest that these molecular frameworks may play a role in the development of promising anticancer agents for cancer treatment.
High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Graphene: An Overview of Recent Developments and Design
Authors: Kumar Sachin Sharma Ashok , Nujud Badawi M. , Liew J. , Prasankumar Thibeorchews , Ramesh K. , Ramesh S. , Ramesh S. , Tiong S. K.
Published: August 2024

Due to their low production cost, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered attractive alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for next generation sustainable and large‐scale energy storage systems. However, during the charge/discharge cycle, a large volume strain is resulted due to the presence of a large radius of sodium ions and high molar compared to lithium ions, which further leads to poor cyclic stability and lower reversible capacity. In the past, researchers have devoted significant efforts to explore various anode materials to achieve SIBs with high energy density. Hence, as a promising anode material for SIBs, the two‐dimensional (2D) materials including graphene and its derivatives and metal oxides have attracted remarkable attention due to their layered structure and superior physical and chemical properties. The inclusion of graphene and metal oxides with other nanomaterials in electrodes have led to the significant enhancements in electrical conductivity, reaction kinetics, capacity, rate performance and accommodating the large volume change respectively. Moreover, these 2D materials facilitated large surface areas and shorter paths for sodium ion adsorption and transportation respectively. In this review article, the fabrication techniques, structural configuration, sodium ion storage mechanism and its electrochemical performances will be introduced. Subsequently, an insight into the recent advancements in SIBs associated with 2D anode materials (graphene, graphene oxide (GO), transition metal oxides etc.) and other graphene‐like elementary analogues (germanene, stanine etc.) as anode materials respectively will be discussed. Finally, the key challenges and future perspectives of SIBs towards enhancing the sodium storage performance of graphene‐based electrode materials are discussed. In summary, we believe that this review will shed light on the path towards achieving long‐cycling life, low operation cost and safe SIBs with high energy density using 2D anode materials and to be suitably commercialized for large‐scale energy storage applications in the future.
A multi‐tap‐receiver based wireless power transfer system with multiple independent outputs and reduced wire length
Authors: Wu Ruiqiong , Zhang Haiming , Hou Jun , Luo Xiangsheng , Wang Feng , Li Xueqin , Han Zeli
Published: August 2024

Multiple independent outputs are highly desirable to power the different ports in some power distribution wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper develops a WPT system with one transmitter coil and one multi‐tap‐receiver coil to generate multiple independent output voltages. The systems with dual‐tap‐receiver, three‐tap‐receiver, and multiple‐tap‐receiver are analyzed in theory. Because the sub‐windings of the multi‐tap‐receiver can be reused in positive series, the wire length of the receiver (WLR) is reduced compared to the system with multi‐independent receivers. For instance, a multiple outputs system needs N voltage levels (v1, v2, …, vN) while the receiver has N sub‐windings (LS1, LS2, …, LSN), then the voltage level vi (1 ≤ i ≤ N) is powered by sub‐windings LS1, LS2, …, LSi. Hence, the highest voltage level is fed with the entire charge included in the whole receiver, and a part of the sub‐windings supplies low‐voltage levels. The proposed system reduces WLR by more than 32.77% while v2/v1 is 2:1, and under the condition that v3/v2/v1 is 3:2:1, the saved WLR is higher than 75.73%. Besides, an 880‐W prototype with a dual‐tap receiver is built. The experimental results verify that the dual output voltages are load‐independent and non‐interfering. The efficiency is higher than 93.259%.