bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Divine right of the Tsar and the "unity of Heaven and the Emperor" — the concept of the "Holy Sovereign" in Russian and Chinese political cultures
Authors: Wang Jiehan
Published: April 2024

The image of the sovereign reflects the attitude of the people towards the ruler of the country, which is an important aspect of the study of political culture. This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the sanctity of the image of the ruler in Russian and Chinese political cultures. The analysis of the origin and specificity of the holy image of the sovereign in the mentalities of both peoples is carried out. The main differences in the process of consecration of the ruler in Russian and Chinese stories are highlighted. In the autocratic Russian and Chinese states, a common understanding of the indisputable authority of the sovereign was at the center of ideology. To ensure the legitimacy and competence of his rights, the Russian tsar turned to Orthodox Christianity for support, and the Chinese emperor turned to Heaven. As a result, since the history of Russia, the power of the sovereign from the very beginning to the end has been limited by the powers of the deity and the authority of the Orthodox Church. In ancient China, the sovereign had "absolute power", since there had never been a so-called "official religion" in Chinese history. Although the monarchical period in both countries has already ended, its duration and stability indicate that the concept of "holy sovereign" as one of the main features of the Russian and Chinese mentality can regulate relations between social groups in the countries. Although the monarchical period in both countries has already ended, its duration and stability indicate that the concept of "holy sovereign" as one of the main features of the Russian and Chinese mentality can regulate relations between social groups in the countries. Such power is of great importance in the modern era.
Environmental Impact Assessment in the context of armed conflicts
Authors: Urban Sergiusz
Published: April 2024

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a legal, procedural tool that allows to identify, predict, evaluate and prevent or mitigate the impacts of a planned project on the environment. An inherent element of this process is public participation that shall be assured at all times.

EIA is regulated by domestic environmental laws of a given county, but an imminent influence on these regulations is exerted by EU EIA Directive (Directive 2011/92/EU text codified) and international conventions, especially the ESPOO Convention.

EU legislation and international EIA-focused treaties do not determine if armed conflicts affect the EIA procedures and, if the answer is positive, in which way, especially whether the EIA procedure remains required under these exceptional circumstances or it may be postponed until cease of conflict or even omitted.

For this reason, it was of high importance to determine whether EIA-related obligations set by EU and international laws are suspended or remain valid and in force during armed conflicts.

The research revealed that the above-mentioned acts do not have provisions that explicitly regulate the effect of armed conflicts on the obligations relating to the EIA procedures. Furthermore, current jurisprudence and doctrine do not provide clear answer on the scope of application of international environmental law during armed conflict. It is often explained by the fact that environmental law is not yet fully formed in that respect and it is still not commonly agreed how it relates to international humanitarian law.

Based on findings of the research, some conclusions are proposed that aim at providing advise on the application of EIA during armed conflicts and suggestions to supplement discussed bodies of law.

This article will discuss the main results of the study conducted on this important and very up-to-date subject.
Uwagi de lege lata i de lege ferenda na tle projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego (nr z wykazu prac legislacyjny UD 444)
Authors: Wojcieszak - John Agnieszka
Published: April 2024

Niniejszy artykuł w syntetyczny sposób prezentuje wątpliwości natury prawnej pojawiające się na tle projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego. Rozważania podjęte przez Autorkę koncentrują się wokół propozycji zmian w zakresie terminologii psychiatrycznej, przesłanek stosowania środków przymusu bezpośredniego oraz procedury stosowania środków przymusu bezpośredniego. Autorka analizuje założenia projektu nowelizacji ustawy o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego z puntu widzenia sytuacji pacjentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Z uwagi na charakter proponowanych rozwiązań, a także krytykę obowiązującego prawa, Autorka podejmuje polemikę ze stanowiskiem prezentowanym przez twórców projektu, a także proponuje postulaty de lege ferenda. Całość rozważań zwieńczona jest podsumowaniem, w którym Autorka zwraca uwagę na brak językowej precyzji ze strony projektodawców, która może przyczynić się do ograniczania praw i wolności pacjentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi.
Jednostronna euroizacja polskiego prawa dewizowego
Authors: Gorgol Andrzej
Published: April 2024

Artykuł ma na celu ustalenie zakresu i stopnia unilateralnej euroizacji polskiego prawa dewizowego. Problem badawczy jest analizowany z punktu widzenia aktualnego lub wcześniej stosowanego stanu prawnego. Jednostronna euroizacja polskiego prawa dewizowego trwa już ponad 22 lata i przebiega pod rządem dwóch kolejnych ustaw dewizowych z 1998 r. i 2002 r.  Proces ten spowodował zmiany w przepisach dewizowych zarówno ogólnych, jak i szczegółowych. Autor ukierunkował swój wywód na wykazanie trafności tezy, że polskie prawo dewizowe ewoluuje w ten sposób, że zwiększa się stopień jego euroizacji. Przejawia się to m.in. w pozostawieniu rezydentom i nierezydentom możliwości wyboru między euro i walutą polską w celu zastosowania obu lub jednego z tych środków do dokonywania płatności i innych czynności obrotu dewizowego.
Zagrożenia w obszarze bezpieczeństwa informacji i ochrony danych osobowych, a rola Inspektora Ochrony Danych w tym zakresie
Authors: Hady-Głowiak Stanisław , Janik Marcin
Published: April 2024

Abstrakt: W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące aktualnych zagrożeń w obszarze bezpieczeństwa informacji i ochrony danych osobowych oraz działań zapobiegawczych w tym zakresie. Mając powyższe na uwadze w artykule omówione zostały aktualne rozwiązania systemowe i prawne oraz rola doradcza i monitorująca Inspektora ochrony danych w instytucji w przedmiotowym zakresie.
Visual surveillance of a person: Legality issue
Authors: CHERNYAVSKY SERHII , HRIBOV MYKHAILO , YUSUPOV VOLODYMYR
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the study stems from the legal ambiguity surrounding specific aspects of visual surveillance utilised by law enforcement agencies, journalists, private detectives, and other individuals with a need for it. The purpose of the study is to identify indicators that can differentiate between legal and illegal covert visual surveillance of individuals in public spaces, establish the circumstances under which such surveillance should be deemed a criminal offence, define the specific aspects of documenting this offence, and explore methods of proving the guilt of those responsible. Historical-legal, formal-legal, logical-normative, logical-semantic, sociological and statistical research methods are applied in the study. The criteria for the legality of covert visual surveillance of a person in publicly accessible places are: its conduct by authorised subjects (investigators or employees of operational units); implementation only within the framework of criminal proceedings (or proceedings in an intelligence gathering case); the existence of a decision of the investigating judge on permission to conduct visual surveillance of a specific person; strict compliance with the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Law regarding the procedure for conducting visual surveillance and restrictions established by the decision of the investigating judge. It is found that representatives of civilian professions can conduct visual surveillance in publicly accessible places only in an open way. Covert visual surveillance of a person to collect information about them constitutes a criminal offence consisting in violation of privacy. To bring illegal observers to criminal responsibility, factual data indicating the purpose of visual surveillance (collecting confidential information about a person), motives, time, place, means of committing the crime, and other circumstances are collected during the pre-trial investigation. The practical value of the paper is the possibility of using the obtained data to prevent illegal actions of private detectives, journalists, and other entities who secretly collect information about a person through visual surveillance, and to ensure effective investigation of such activities.
Problematyka ekonomii społecznej na tle siatki pojęciowej nauki administracji
Authors: Sylwestrzak Dorota , Małecka-Łyszczek Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Każda spośród triady nauk administracyjnych (nauka administracji, nauka prawa administracyjnego, polityka administracyjna) w sposób naturalny powinna reagować  i ewoluować w zetknięciu z nowymi zjawiskami, które wchodzą w obszar przedmiotu jej badań. Na potrzeby niniejszego artykułu zetknięto pojęcia właściwe nauce administracji  z podmiotami przynależnymi do koncepcji ekonomii społecznej. Wynika to z konstatacji, że nauka administracji powinna podążać za zmianami widocznymi w rzeczywistym funkcjonowaniu administracji, takimi jak niepubliczne podmioty administrujące, uspołecznianie, czy też współadministrowanie. Co z tym związane siatka pojęciowa nauki administracji musi być elastyczna i otwarta na nowe instrumentarium, gdyż pole administrowania stale się poszerza.
Algorithmic contracts in the light of selected acts of model contract
Authors: Biczysko - Pudełko Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

Umowy algorytmiczne stanowią kolejną kategorię umów wzbogaconych cyfrowo, które coraz częściej zawierane są w praktyce obrotu. Ich istota sprowadza się do określania przez algorytm treści zobowiązania stron, przy czym algorytm ten działać może jako ,,negocjator”, bądź uzupełniać luki w treści wcześniej ustalonych warunkach umownych. Specyfika tych umów ma swoje prawnie doniosłe konsekwencje i rodzi konieczność poszukiwania odpowiedzi na wiele pytań, tj. m.in. czy algorytm może stworzyć treść umowy i czy będzie ona prawnie wiążąca, czy będzie można powołać się na błąd oświadczenia woli, gdy system zawiedzie lub algorytm źle przeanalizuje dane, co w sytuacji, gdy treść oświadczenia ,,złożonego przez algorytm” nie została przewidziana lub nawet nie była możliwa do przewidzenia przez osobę posługującą się algorytmem? Celem artykułu będzie udzielenie odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania przy uwzględnieniu wybranych aktów prawa modelowego i – niejako pobocznie – ocena znaczenia tychże aktów dla praktyki obrotu i szerzej prawa umów.
Public policies for audiovisual preservation in Brazil and the Cinemateca Brasileira crisis
Authors: Ferreira Fabiana
Published: April 2024

Considering the Brazilian public policies for culture, we reviewed laws from 1940’s until 2019 to understand public policies for audiovisual preservation. The very few findings in laws and academic literature have confirmed our main argument that there are policies for the heritage sector but what does not exist is an intersection between audiovisual and heritage to result in an audiovisual preservation public policy. Bearing that in mind, we also studied the Cinemateca Brasileira as a core institution to the audiovisual field. It became a federal institution in 1984 and went through various crisis, until its shut down in January 2020.
Entretien accordé par Hugues de Varine à Mario Chagas
Authors: Chagas Mario , de Varine Hugues
Published: April 2024

Cet entretien a été accordé à distance par Hugues de Varine à Mario Chagas en 1995. Neuf questions ont été transmises à l’interviewé, auxquelles celui-ci a répondu par écrit. Ces réponses ont apporté des clarifications à de nombreuses interrogations. S’y distinguent en particulier la propre trajectoire d’Hugues de Varine, et l'influence (encore peu étudiée) de Paulo Freire dans le contexte de la nouvelle muséologie, ou muséologie sociale.
La fête de l’objet : les signes de participation présents au Musée de l’Homme du Nordeste
Authors: Oliveira Albino , Ruoso Carolina
Published: April 2024

Le concept de « marché » proposé dans la muséographie d’Aécio de Oliveira et son dialogue avec ce que l’on nomme muséologie sociale sont au centre de la présente recherche. Le Musée de l’Homme du Nordeste (MUHNE) de Recife (Brésil) est le résultat de propositions élaborées et débattues au cours du temps, et non simplement d’un musée inventé en la date de 1979. Ainsi, cet article considère qu’il est essentiel d’étudier les différentes trajectoires des objets qui composent les collections du MUHNE afin que la circulation du patrimoine culturel puisse être cartographiée. Les objets des collections du MUHNE sont les témoins des débats qui ont eu lieu entre plusieurs acteurs, ayant pour préoccupation la préservation de monuments, documents et objets.
Le Réseau des musées communautaires du Ceará : processus et défis pour l’organisation d’un champ muséologique autonome
Authors: Gomes Alexandre Oliveira , Vieira Neto João Paulo
Published: April 2024

Depuis quelques années, des populations de diverses régions du Ceará ont initié des processus mettant en œuvre des pratiques muséales qui, bien qu’issues de contextes politiques et de groupes sociaux et ethniques différents, présentent des similitudes en termes de participation et d’appropriation communautaire du patrimoine et de la mémoire locale, en tant qu’outils d’affirmation, de préservation et de défense des territoires, des écosystèmes et des références culturelles. À travers ces processus se dessine une diversité culturelle, sociale et muséale : celle des musées indigènes, des écomusées et des musées communautaires, parmi d’autres initiatives conduites à partir des contextes locaux. Le présent article cherche à éclairer les modalités de la création du Réseau des musées communautaires du Ceará en 2011, en présentant des réflexions sur les actions, les motivations et les défis qui ont stimulé la coordination de ces différentes populations expérimentant, sur leurs territoires respectifs, des processus muséologiques autogérés.
The Rural Ecomuseum of Barra Alegre: an initiative to preserve the heritage of rural areas
Authors: Botelho Marjorie , Paolino Claudio
Published: April 2024

Cet article présente l’Écomusée rural de Barra Alegre (dans la municipalité de Bom Jardim, État de Rio de Janeiro), qui s’est développé au profit de la reconnaissance et de la valorisation de connaissances et de pratiques particulières à son territoire. Face au risque de perte de références culturelles, cet écomusée a favorisé le maintien de l’identité locale, notamment par l’enregistrement des savoirs traditionnels, et en encourageant la transmission de ceux-ci. Non moins importants, les divers partenariats qu’il a noués ont contribué à la réalisation d’activités quotidiennes ainsi qu’aux résultats déjà obtenus par ce musée.
Réflexions sur les possibilités de réinventer les musées d’ethnographies en Afrique orientale : réinterroger la notion d’identité et jeter un regard pluriel et contemporain sur la société
Authors: Nzoyihera Edouard
Published: April 2024

Dans cet article, je propose des pistes par lesquelles les musées Est-Africains peuvent être renouvelés. Il s’agit de réfléchir et de proposer des voies à emprunter pour renforcer l’importance sociale du musée. En considérant la culture « postindépendance » telle qu’elle est mise en scène depuis plus d’une cinquantaine d’années, force est de constater qu’il est indispensable de repenser le discours des musées. Ces musées méritent donc une profonde transformation. Le modèle de musée occidental adopté en bloc doit être soumis à des transformations importantes pour donner naissance à des institutions susceptibles d’assumer leurs raisons d’être. Cet article est donc le résultat de mes lectures variées et de mon analyse sur place des musées du Burundi, du Rwanda, de l’Ouganda et du Kenya. Il ne couvre pas les musées de toute l’Afrique orientale. Outre que ces musées souffrent de l’emprisonnement spatial, ils mettent en scène une société figée.
Community museums and tourism development in Cameroon. A problematic valorization of the territory
Authors: Mariembe Rachel , Ngniguepaha Uriel
Published: April 2024

Quand on analyse l’environnement culturel au Cameroun, les musées semblent être les institutions qui connaissent un essor considérable. Un peu de partout, ils s’ouvrent. Cette expansion s’explique par la richesse et la diversification du patrimoine culturel camerounais, le développement d’un fort intérêt en faveur de l’identité culturelle et l’insuffisance de l’exposition des œuvres aux publics locaux, le pays étant régulièrement victime du trafic illicite. Cependant, la perception du terme « musée » reste confuse. Pour certains, il renvoie à collections, galeries, réserves, entrepôts. Pourtant, quelques musées, inégalement répartis entre musées publics et musées privés existent. La nécessité s’impose donc d’examiner l’apport de ces derniers pour le développement du tourisme culturel, qui représente 40% du tourisme mondial, au regard du contexte actuel dominé par la crise sanitaire relative au COVID-19. Il est question de réfléchir sur les voies nouvelles de diffusion, de transmission et de médiation culturelle dans les musées, à l’heure où le réseau mondial de connexions devient chaque jour plus complexe, divers et intégré. Autrement, comment développer un tourisme culturel qui satisfait les besoins actuels de tous les acteurs, en protégeant et en améliorant les perspectives pour l’avenir ? La réponse à ce questionnement se présente comme une sorte d’oxymore éclaté en quatre parties à savoir : cadre conceptuel, théorique et légal des musées au Cameroun ; diagnostic des activités de diffusion et de médiation culturelle dans les musées ; quelles missions, quels programmes pour des musées ethnographiques ; nouvelles voies de médiation numérique.
Une muséologie du sensible : enjeux et conséquences pour les visiteurs déficients visuels
Authors: Lebat Cindy
Published: April 2024

Cet article aborde le recours aux dispositifs faisant appel aux sens dans les muséographies contemporaines et son impact sur l’expérience de visite des personnes en situation de handicap visuel. Il propose un cadrage sur les dispositifs sensibles et sensoriels dans les pratiques muséographiques et de médiation culturelle, en explicitant le contexte historique et social qui a rendu possible leur émergence. L’article est alors l’occasion de se pencher sur des formes muséographiques particulières, comme les muséographies d’ambiance ou d’immersion, et de les analyser au regard des enjeux muséologiques qu’elles soulèvent en termes d’expérience de visite et d’intention muséale. Puis, à partir d’un travail de terrain mené dans des musées franciliens et auprès de personnes déficientes visuelles, l’article s’intéresse aux conséquences de ces nouvelles formes muséographiques à la fois sur l’accessibilité de la visite, mais aussi sur les représentations du handicap relayées par l’institution muséale.
Dynamiken des Religionskontakts im Dialog mit verflechtungsgeschichtlichen Ansätzen der Globalen Religionsgeschichte
Authors: Strube Julian
Published: April 2024

Krechs ursprünglich im Jahr 2012 erschienener Artikel „Religious Contacts in Past and Present Times: Aspects of a Research Programme“ wird in diesem kommentierenden Beitrag in den Kontext mehrerer Pionierarbeiten eingeordnet, die wichtige Impulse für eine Globale Religionsgeschichte gegeben haben. Gerade weil der Artikel als provisorischer Zwischenschritt erschienen ist, wird er für ein Nachdenken über anhaltende Herausforderungen einer Globalen Religionsgeschichte fruchtbar gemacht. Es wird hervorgehoben, wie damals formulierte zentrale Fragestellungen auch in gegenwärtigen Diskussionen fortbestehen, die sich allerdings vorwiegend durch global- und verflechtungsgeschichtliche, oft genealogisch ausgerichtete Ansätze auszeichnen. Dies hebt hervor, wie das von Krech ins Spiel gebrachte methodologische Repertoire für das Nachdenken über Globale Religionsgeschichte wertvoll sein kann.
Approaches to the Sulfation of Small Molecules: Current Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Alshehri Jaber , Jones Alan
Published: April 2024

Sulfation is one of the most important modifications that occur to a wide range of bioactive small molecules including polysaccharides, proteins, flavonoids, and steroids. In turn, these sulfated molecules have significant biological and pharmacological roles in diverse processes including cell signalling, modulation of immune and inflammation response, anti-coagulation, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-adhesive properties. This essay summarises the most encountered chemical sulfation methods of small molecules. Sulfation reactions using sulfur trioxide amine/amide complexes are the most used method for alcoholic or phenolic groups in carbohydrates, steroids, proteins, and aliphatic or alicyclic scaffolds. Despite the effectiveness of these methods, they suffer from some issues such as multiple-purification steps, toxicity issues (eg pyridine contamination), purification challenges, stoichiometric excess of reagents which leads to increase of a reaction cost, and intrinsic stability issues of both the reagent and product. Recent advances including SuFEx, the Malins in situ reagent approach and TBSAB show the widespread appeal of novel sulfating approaches that will enable a larger exploration of the field in the years to come by simplifying the purification and isolation to access bespoke sulfated small molecules.
Orthogonal Nano-Engineering (ONE): Modulating Nanotopography and Surface Chemistry of Aluminum Oxide for Superior Antifouling and Enhanced Chemical Stability
Authors: Chen Hanyu , Fianu Felicia , Moraru Carmen , Yang Rong , Cheng Yifan
Published: April 2024

Decoupling certain material surface properties can be key to attaining critical property-activity relationships that underpin their antifouling performance. Here, we employed Orthogonal Nano-Engineering (ONE) to decouple the influences of nanotopography and surface chemistry on surface antifouling. Nanotopography and surface chemistry were systematically varied with a two-step process. Controlled nanotopography was obtained by electrochemical anodization of aluminum, which generated anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surfaces with cylindrical nanopores (diameters: 15 nm, 25 nm, 100 nm). To modify surface chemistry while preserving nanotopography, an ultrathin (~5 nm) yet stable zwitterionic coating of poly(divinylbenzene-4-vinylpyridyl sulfobetaine) was deposited on these surfaces using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Antifouling performance was assessed by quantifying 48-h biomass formed by Gram positive and negative bacteria. The ONE surfaces demonstrated enhanced antifouling performance, with small-pore nanotopography and zwitterionic chemistry each lowered biomass accumulation by tested species, with potential additive effects. The most effective chemistry-topography combination (ZW-AAO15) enabled an overall reduction of 91% for Escherichia coli, 76% for Staphylococcus epidermidis, 69% for Listeria monocytogenes, and 67% for Staphylococcus aureus, relative to the uncoated nanosmooth control. Additionally, the composite ZW coating exhibited encouraging anticorrosion properties under both static and turbulent cleaning conditions, vital to antifouling applications in healthcare and food industries.
HPLC Training for All: Integration of Multi-Language Artificial Intelligence (AI) Avatars in Virtual Reality (VR) Digital Twin Laboratories
Authors: Al-Dargazelli Ayah , Locks Amy , Taylor Mae , Montaner Mireia , Hilton Stephen
Published: April 2024

The integration of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) training into academic curricula remains a challenge, due to the complexities of its theoretical concepts and the cost-prohibitive nature of HPLC instrumentation. This challenge in training is further compounded for students who are taught in the English language and for whom English is a Foreign Language (EFL), and who may struggle to understand traditional learning materials. This paper introduces a pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) platform for immersive HPLC training that is coupled with a conversationally intelligent Artificial Intelligence (AI) avatar capable of multilingual support. This approach provides students with an on-hand tutor for adaptive, immersive learning practices in whatever language they feel comfortable speaking in. The effectiveness of the AI models were evaluated via a survey of postgraduate Chemistry students at UCL, and the responses were analysed computationally using a series of evaluation metrics. Evaluation from TF-IDF, BLEU and BERT statistical analysis demonstrated that the AI avatar had superior linguistic and instructional performance across English, Spanish, and German, particularly in complex concept explanations, validating the potential for multilingual AI support in education. Survey feedback revealed that the AI Avatars with a knowledge bank significantly improved HPLC learning outcomes, with participants rating their engagement and the quality of learning above traditional methods.
Solving A Mystery with Classical and Dual Photoredox Catalysis: Application of Nickel in the Synthesis of Ergot Alkaloids
Authors: Brauer Jan , Wiechert Rainer , Hahn Anika , Opatz Till
Published: April 2024

A short synthesis of the ergot alkaloid lysergene and a formal total synthesis of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) under avoidance of palladium and including two nickel-catalyzed steps instead has been developed. A key intermediate of this approach has already been reported by Hendrickson et al. in 2004, yet the spectral data do not match, adding to doubts on the course of their route. While the final steps of the Hendrickson synthesis could not be reproduced, we were able to leverage the elusive intermediate
Towards an Ab-initio Description of Adsorbate Surface Dynamics
Authors: Sivakumar Saurabh , Kulkarni Ambarish
Published: April 2024

The advent of machine learning potentials (MLPs) provides a unique opportunity to access simulation timescales and to directly compute physiochemical properties that are typically intractable using density functional theory (DFT). In this study, we use an active learning curriculum to train a generalizable MLP using the DeepMD-kit architecture. The resulting model, which provides DFT-level accuracy, is used to investigate the diffusion of key surface-bound adsorbates on a Ag(111) facet using sufficiently long MLP-based molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MLP/MD-calculated diffusivities, obtained at three different temperatures, demonstrates the potential shortcomings of DFT-based nudged elastic band calculations that are widely employed to study diffusion. While this work has focused on a few simple adsorbates, the resulting model is transferable and can be fine-tuned to study other adsorbates that were not included in the initial training dataset.
Formulation and evaluation of cidofovir loaded microspheres
Authors: P Venkata Durga Seshu Priya , B Pragathi , N Rakesh , P Madhuri , SK Rushma , V Sireesha , K Ramesh Babu
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to produce and assess cidofovir microspheres using the emulsion solvent diffusion method. Microspheres loaded with ethyl cellulose and HPMC were prepared. FTIR analysis confirmed stability with no drug-polymer interaction, and compatibility investigations ensured formulation compatibility. SEM determined particle size, with yields ranging from 84.44% to 87.62% and drug content from 64.8% to 97.2%. Particle sizes ranged from 20 µm to 210 µm, with drug loading capacities of 55.6% to 96.8% and entrapment efficiencies of 55.5% to 89.1%. Swellability studies showed a range of 0.6 to 1.6 seconds. Formulation CM8 exhibited optimal dissolution in vitro at 62.87%. Drug dissolution data were fitted to various models, with R2 values ranging from 0.937 to 0.061. Up to 45 minutes of drug release was observed. Overall, cidofovir-loaded HPMC and ethyl cellulose microspheres showed favorable release properties under optimal conditions.
Assessment of Dengue larval indices and breeding habitats in the slums of urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College- An observational study
Authors: P Iswarya , T S Ranganath , George Riya , Kumar Ganesh Hegde Vinay
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives Dengue is one of the major mosquito-borne diseases in India posing a threat to human health. The mosquito Aedes Stegomyia aegypti Linn. and Aedes Stegomyia albopictus Skuse Diptera Culicidae are the primary and secondary vectors of dengue virus respectively. This study is aimed at the assessment of Dengue breeding in slum areas of urban Bengaluru.Methodology In this study an entomological survey was carried out indoors and outdoors to record the actual breeding sites and distribution level of dengue vectors. The survey was conducted in the field practice area of Bangalore Medical College India. A total of 9782 containers with water from 4869 houses were surveyed during the study period.Results The larval indices were calculated in each sector belonging to the field practice area of which sector 2 was the highest which had a house index of 4.9 container index of 2.8 and Breteau index of 5.7.Conclusion The most frequently encountered breeding sites were unused grinding stones flower pots drums barrels rubber tires and cement tanks.nbsp
A study on knowledge of animal bite management, rabies immunization, andprevention of rabies among interns in a tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru
Authors: Pradeep Kumar N.G. , L Hamsa. , TS Ranganath
Published: April 2024

Background Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease of mammals that is transmitted from animals to humans. In India dogs are responsible for about 95 of human rabies. It is not only 100 fatal but also 100 preventable. The most important factor associated with successful treatment is the knowledge of the caregiver in the proper management of animal bites.Objective To assess the knowledge about animal bite wound management and rabies prevention among interns working in Victoria Hospital Bengaluru India.Methodology This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study among 90 interns working at Victoria hospital in Bengaluru. A pre-tested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used for the knowledge about animal bite wound management and rabies prevention.Results Over 60 of the participants had fair knowledge regarding wound management and rabies vaccination. More than half of the participants had sufficient knowledge regarding preventive measures to be taken at the community level to eliminate rabies.Conclusion Most of the interns have sufficient knowledge regarding the use of immunization schedules and rabies immunoglobulin. But knowledge regarding ldquoPREVENTIONrdquo is still lacking. Therefore all healthcare workers need regular training regarding animal bite management and the prevention of rabies.
India’s march towards Rabies Elimination: One Health Approach
Authors: Ramesh Holla Dr.
Published: April 2024

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Rare, protected, and understudied vascular plant species of the pinewood complex of the Mozh River valley (Kharkiv Region, Ukraine)
Authors: Bondarenko H. , Gamulya Yu. , Siranskyi V.
Published: April 2024

The composition of the biota is dynamic and changes for many reasons, making biodiversity research relevant. Studies of rare species that are most vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures are of particular importance. Although the Mozh River flows through the central part of the Kharkiv Region, its valley remains understudied, especially the pine forests and their rare plants. The results of the current study include data from our field research, revision of the Herbarium of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (CWU), and literature sources from the second half of the 20th century to the present. This paper contains an annotated list of 35 species of vascular plants. Each species is provided with the data on its geographical range, distribution in Ukraine, population status and its study history in the Kharkiv Region, conservation status, and the state of its population in the studied forests. We found the localities of two species included in Appendix I of the Bern Convention (Salvinia natans (L.) All. and Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb. and six species included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw., Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill., Iris pineticola Klok., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Neottia ovata (L.) Hartm., Tulipa quercetorum Klok. & Zoz). We also found 19 species rare in the Kharkiv Region (Lycopodium clavatum L., Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Ophioglossum vulgatum L., Campanula persicifolia L., Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton, Comarum palustre L., Hottonia palustris L., Rubus saxatilis L., Carex pseudocyperus L., etc.). Nine regionally rare plant species have the boreal range type; they occur at the southern limit of their distribution range which indicates the specificity of ecological and climatic conditions formed in the pine forests in the Mozh River valley. In addition, we found five species without conservation status, but they are rare in the region (Caltha palustris L., Catolobus pendulus (L.) Al-Shehbaz, Gratiola officinalis L., Lythrum hyssopifolia L., Rubus polonicus Barr. ex Weston), and, therefore, they are recommended to be included in the next edition of the Official List of the Regionally Rare Plants of the Kharkiv Region. Three species (Buglossoides czernjajevii (Klokov & Des.-Shost.) Czerep., Jacobaea andrzejowskyi (Tzvelev) B.Nord. & Greuter, Sedum album L.) were identified as understudied in the Kharkiv region due to the lack of or insufficient information on their distribution in the study area.
Survey of the fish fauna of the water bodies of the city of Kharkiv
Authors: Honcharov H. , Vasenko O. , Turaziani H.
Published: April 2024

The study of the biodiversity of urbanized landscapes, in the context of their permanent expansion, is becoming increasingly important as part of environmental management. The proposed review considers the history of the study and the results of modern research on the ichthyofauna of water bodies in and around the city of Kharkiv. The study includes data obtained during archeological excavations. The existing water fund is estimated as a habitat for fish in the city. We compiled a modern systematic list of the fish fauna, determined its place in the general zoogeographical zonation of the Palearctic, and analyzed the ecological and faunistic characteristics of the fish assemblages, which created a basis for a general assessment of the current state and prospects for changes in the fish community within the city. The state of recreational fishing in the waters of Kharkiv as the main type of utilization of fish resources on its territory is analyzed. The current fish fauna of the water bodies of Kharkiv and its environs consists of 32 species belonging to 31 genera, 11 families, 7 orders, and 4 superorders of bony fish, as well as one hybrid form of silver and bighead carps, whose abundance is maintained only by artificial introduction into water bodies outside Kharkiv with subsequent occasional migration to the city, and two diploid-polyploid hybridogenic complexes of fish of the genera Carassius and Cobitis, whose reproductive characteristics require further study. Five species have disappeared from the local fish fauna, i.e. four species of bony fish (common crucian carp Carassius carassius, Black Sea roach Rutilus frisii, asp Leuciscus aspius, Danilevsky's dace Leuciscus danilewskii) and the Ukrainian lamprey Eudontomyzon mariae, which used to live in the city or water bodies and watercourses of the adjacent territories. Thirteen fish species (41% of the total species composition) have a conservation status and require special measures for their protection according to national and international regulations. The share of non-native species in the ichthyofauna of Kharkiv is quite significant – eight species (22% of the total number of registered species and forms). The fish fauna of the city is dominated by freshwater fishes, limnophilic or indifferent to the current speed, with phytophilic or psammolithophilic portion spring and summer spawning, not belonging to any particular habitat.
Current Status of Career Maturity of Clinical Medicine Students and Its Correlation with Professional Commitment and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Yimeng , Liu Shuang , Li Jie
Published: April 2024

Objective: To explore the current status of career maturity among undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine and examine the relationship between professional commitment and expectations of emotional intelligence. Methods: The study employed the Career Maturity Scale for Undergraduates, Professional Commitment Scale, and Emotional Intelligence Scale to investigate 423 undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine. Results: Gender, grade level, and being an only child were found to affect the career maturity of these students. Furthermore, professional commitment and emotional intelligence were significantly and positively correlated with career maturity (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Professional commitment and emotional intelligence are identified as positive predictors of career maturity among undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine.
Exploration and Practice of “Construction Engineering Regulations” Course Reform
Authors: Liu Jie
Published: April 2024

Based on the analysis of the existing teaching situation of the “Construction Engineering Regulations” course, this paper divides the course content into three parts according to the course characteristics and content, and explores three corresponding teaching modes. The proportion of student-led relationships in the three teaching modes is 80%, 60%, and 90%, respectively, realizing a teaching mechanism centered on students and stimulating students’ interest in independent learning. Teaching methods such as problem-oriented learning, group discussion, student reporting, MOOC (massive open online course), case analysis, etc., have been used to establish a variety of comprehensive examination mechanisms such as quiz games, follow-up tests, and work displays. Practice has shown that after adopting these three teaching modes, classroom teaching efficiency has significantly improved, and students’ abilities in exploration, expression, innovation, and team cooperation have also been enhanced.
Exploration and Research on Textbook Quality Evaluation Index System Based on Engineering Major in Higher Education
Authors: Yue Xiaoyang , Wu Yanqiong
Published: April 2024

The report of the Chinese 20th National Congress put forward “strengthening the construction and management of textbooks” for the first time, which indicates the importance of textbook construction and highlights the vital position of textbooks in the overall development of the country. From the perspective of textbook quality, and based on the research and analysis of the policy requirements and current evaluation indicators of higher education textbooks, this paper establishes the textbook quality evaluation index system composed of basic indicators and evaluation indicators. This system is based on the principles of science, comprehensiveness, operability, and target-oriented approach. It provides a relatively scientific, objective, and fair reference system for the management and evaluation of textbooks.
Teaching Reform and Practice of Embedded System Design Based on Outcome-Based Education
Authors: Zhang Tao , Deng Xiangwu
Published: April 2024

Embedded system design is the core course of the telecommunication major in engineering universities, which combines software and hardware through embedded development boards. Aiming at the problems existing in traditional teaching, this paper proposes curriculum teaching reform based on the outcome-based education (OBE) concept, including determining course objectives, reforming teaching modes and methods, and improving the curriculum assessment and evaluation system. After two semesters of practice, this method not only enhances students’ learning initiative but also improves teaching quality.
Construction and Reflection of Software Engineering Major Based on Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Certification
Authors: Xu Yimei , Li Na , Hu Hongfei
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of information technology, the demand for talents in the field of software engineering is growing. In order to cultivate high-quality software engineering talents who meet the market demand, universities have continuously carried out the construction of software engineering majors. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) certification, as an internationally recognized higher education quality assurance system, provides important reference and guidance for the construction of software engineering majors. Guided by student learning outcomes and core competencies, combined with the characteristics of software engineering talent cultivation, the innovation of talent cultivation mode takes industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation as the main development paths and explores comprehensive reform of the major in terms of professional positioning and goals, curriculum system, teaching conditions, and teachers. This comprehensive reform model has effectively promoted the development of major construction and improved the quality of talent cultivation.
Clinical Study on the Treatment of Low Anal Fistula in Infants and Young Children by Anal Gland Excision and Virtual Hanging Procedure
Authors: Su Hongbo , Sun Linmei , Liang Yimiao , Hu Jiansheng , Zhang Yongli , Wei Ni , Li Chaoyang , Tang Lin
Published: April 2024

Objective: To compare the efficacy of anal adenectomy with virtual hanging wire and anal fistulotomy in the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children. Methods: 60 children with low anal fistula who were admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups of 30 cases each; the treatment group was treated with anal adenectomy and virtual hanging wire surgery, and the control group was treated with anal fistula resection. The clinical efficacy after treatment was compared. Results: The total effective rate of both groups was 96.67% and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The postoperative pain score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The length of hospitalization and healing time of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The anal function of the patients in both groups was normal, and there was no adverse reaction. Conclusion: Anal gland excision and virtual hanging surgery for the treatment of low anal fistula in infants and children have the advantages of mild pain, reduced length of hospitalization, short healing time, and better patient experience as compared to anal fistula excision.
El abordaje de la Agenda 2030 en el programa de Licenciatura en Bilingüismo con énfasis en Español e Inglés de la Institución Universitaria Colombo Americana- ÚNICA durante 2023-I. Una Sistematización de las iniciativas implementadas en materia de Agenda 2030 y Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS)
Authors: Amézquita Quintana Constanza
Published: April 2024

Este working paper se enfoca en el abordaje de la Agenda 2030 y los ODS en el programa de Licenciatura en Bilingüismo con énfasis en español e Inglés de la Institución Universitaria Colombo Americana- ÚNICA durante el primer semestre del año 2023, a través de la sistematización de las iniciativas en materia de Agenda 2030 implementadas en dicho programa durante el período en mención. Este working paper es resultado del proyecto de investigación titulado “Sistematización de la transversalización de la Agenda 2030 y los ODS en la Institución Universitaria Colombo Americana – ÚNICA mediante el programa ‘ÚNICA al servicio de los ODS’” llevado a cabo en 2023 por la autora. Se recopilaron y sistematizaron las iniciativas en materia de Agenda 2030 creadas por los docentes de la licenciatura en 2023-I, teniendo en cuenta: (1) el número de iniciativas desarrolladas en el semestre, (2) el número de asignaturas que implementaron estas iniciativas, (3) el abordaje de uno o varios ODS en dichas iniciativas, (4) los ODS implementados, (5) las competencias transversales para la sostenibilidad promovidas, y (6) las estrategias didácticas empleadas.
Features of subtext in E. Hemingway and R. Carver’s dialogues (based on the analysis of their short stories)
Authors: Kharrasova E. A.
Published: April 2024

The article provides a comparative analysis of the implication features used in the dialogues of the stories by Ernest Hemingway and Raymond Carver, his follower of the second half of the 20th century. Our analysis is based on their texts written in different years. Employing specific examples, we analyzed the authors’ work on the use of the main subtext elements: A pause or silence, incompleteness and repetitions. The highlighted elements of the implication allow us to make conclusions about the direct influence of Hemingway on the poetics of Raymond Carver’s stories. The comparison of the presented techniques illustrates the authors’ strategies used for the emotional involvement of the reader in the process of deciphering the text, as well as the desire to compress the text without losing its semantic depth.

The relevance of the article is determined by the growing interest in the realistic short story, in particular, in the creative legacy of Raymond Carver. The articles and works, devoted to his prose and poetic works, continue to appear in foreign and Russian literary criticism. The analysis of the subtext peculiarities in dialogues allows us to contribute to the study of dialogue strategies, which in the 20th-century literature perform the plot-moving function and disclose psychological characteristics of the character. In addition, the comparative analysis of the writers’ stories helps understand the features of Raymond Carver’s creative method.

The methodological basis of the article is the cultural-historical and comparative methods.