bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-level auricular vagus nerve stimulation lowers blood pressure and heart rate in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients: a self-controlled study
Authors: Jiang Yu , Su Di , Xiao Jingwen , Cheng Wenbo , Hou Yuemei , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the effects of low-level auricular vagus nerve stimulation (LL-aVNS) on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Methods

A total of 22 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation diagnosed in Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University from September 2021 to December 2022 were selected and given LL-aVNS treatment based on the original unchanged drug treatment for 4 weeks. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate maximum (HRmax), heart rate minimum (HRmin), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial diameter (LAD), Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale (AFSS) symptom subscale, and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Heart Failure (MSAS-HF) before and after the treatment were observed and compared. In addition, adverse effects of the LL-aVNS procedure and 6-month follow-up were recorded.

Results

SBP, DBP, and HRmin were lower after the treatment than before the treatment (p < 0.05); AFSS symptom subscale scores and MSAS-HF scores after the treatment were lower before the treatment (p < 0.05); itching of the skin was observed in one case during the course of LL-aVNS; and two patients were hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure between 4 months and 6 months after the treatment.

Conclusion

LL-aVNS in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can assist in controlling blood pressure and heart rate, effectively relieving symptoms, and the treatment process is safe and feasible.
Advancing ocean sustainability through better science integration: perspectives of Early Career Ocean Professionals
Authors: Vozzo Maria L. , Christofidis Marina , Griffiths Laura , Kelly Rachel , Manion Michelle L. , Barmand Shayan , Bolin Jessica A. , Fuenzalida-Miralles Pablo A. , Harris Melanie L. , Issell Abby , Kuempel Caitlin D. , Martinez Diaz Marycarmen , Murunga Michael , Palmer Sophie R. , Schaefer Nina , Simpson Jamie
Published: January 2025

As the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) approaches halfway, inclusive input on progress and innovative approaches to achieving ocean sustainability is timely and necessary. Input from the leaders of tomorrow—today's Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs)—brings important generational perspectives on delivering marine science that can inform and contribute to achieving future ocean sustainability. ECOP perspectives may also offer novel insights on informing solutions to ocean-related challenges. Here, we articulate ECOP perspectives on priority recommendations for addressing current gaps and opportunities in ocean science in the context of the “Ocean Decade”. These recommendations include: (1) a culture shift toward more active and transparent data sharing; (2) valuing and connecting different knowledge systems; and (3) achieving effective knowledge-sharing across disciplines and jurisdictions. We outline how all actors in ocean research, across different disciplines and institutions, can implement these changes, and where relevant, demonstrate unique roles ECOPs can play in this process. We propose that the implementation of these recommendations, by all actors in ocean science, along with greater inclusion and transfer of diverse knowledge, will support efforts to achieve the goals of the Ocean Decade, and ensure ocean sustainability for generations to come.
Association of red blood cell distribution width–coefficient of variation with cranial ultrasound abnormalities in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Wei Hongjuan , Chang Xin , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

Background

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia frequently leads to severe neurological damage. Although cranial ultrasound (CUS) is crucial for assessing neonatal brain injury, the association between red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), a marker of red blood cell size variability, and cranial ultrasound abnormalities (CUAs) remains unclear.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to explore the impact of RDW-CV on CUAs in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and to elucidate the potential clinical implications of this relationship.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study included 503 cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia at gestational age ≥35 weeks with available RDW-CV and CUS screening data at Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were used to estimate the association between RDW-CV and the risk of CUAs in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Results

This study found that the overall prevalence of CUAs in ultrasound images was 26.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for risk factors revealed that a one-percent increase in RDW-CV increased the risk of CUAs by 23.0%. After conducting a sensitivity analysis of the three RDW-CV quantiles, the findings remained robust and consistent.

Conclusions

The study concluded that a higher RDW-CV was associated with a proportional increase in the risk of CUAs. These results demonstrate the importance of RDW-CV in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Clinicians should consider this association when managing patients with high RDW-CV.
Case Report: Pediatric pontine abscess and ecthyma gangrenosum due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia
Authors: Theros Jonathan , Wolfe Madison , Kociolek Larry , Kolaitis Irini N.
Published: January 2025

Brainstem abscesses are remarkably rare, with only a few reports in the pediatric literature. Their presence portends high morbidity and mortality and most commonly present in the setting of immunodeficiency. A 5-year-old boy with a history of recurrent acute otitis media presented to the emergency department with rash, otorrhea, confusion, and fever. He was found to be in septic shock secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia; a skin exam revealed multifocal ecthyma gangrenosum. He was initially treated with intravenous ceftazidime. Despite adequate antibiotic coverage he had persistent fevers. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging revealed an expansile pontine mass; dedicated neuroimaging confirmed a 10 mm pontine abscess. Given the lack of neurological deficits on examination, he was treated non-operatively with intravenous cefepime for 9 weeks followed by oral levofloxacin for 30 days and made a nearly complete clinical recovery. Extensive immunodeficiency workup did not identify an immunologic defect. Prompt action through interdisciplinary care meetings and avoidance of early diagnostic closure resulted in an excellent neurological outcome for this patient with this rare case of a P. aeruginosa brainstem abscess.
The efficacy of parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Zhuoqi , Chai Yumeng , Zhou Zhongbao , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2025

Aim

Despite the presence of published evidence in recent decades suggesting an improvement in overactive bladder (OAB) with the utilization of parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PTENS), there is currently a lack of consensus guidelines for therapy. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of PTENS on children with OAB.

Methods

A search was carried out using EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials to find eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to 1 May 2023. From the literature review, eight RCTs (351 participants) comparing PTENS and other treatments (standard urotherapy/anticholinergics/biofeedback/placebo stimulation) were considered.

Results

The overall complete response rate with PTENS was 1.90 times that of children undergoing other treatment (relative risk 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.45–2.49). No significant differences were observed in the mean dysfunctional voiding score system (p = 0.26), mean maximum voided volume (p = 0.79), average voided volume (p = 0.94), voiding frequency (p = 0.31), or reduction in the number of children with incontinence episodes (p = 0.81). However, regarding the reduction of children with constipation, the PTENS group demonstrated a better effect compared with the control groups (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

In summary, PTENS has demonstrated better response rates and fewer side effects compared to conventional first-line treatments, such as standard urotherapy and antimuscarinic drugs. Clinicians should consider individual circumstances when treating children with OAB. However, it is important to note that the findings of this study are limited by the small sample size and imperfect outcomes. Further high-quality RCTs are needed to establish the most effective treatment protocol.
Opportunities for meaningful inclusion: experience of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities with research
Authors: Dudley Ally , Baker Tai , Hardesty Canyon , Moody Eric J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face numerous health disparities, particularly in rural communities. However, they are rarely included in the research process to address these challenges as co-researchers. Little is known about the experience of how individuals with disabilities participate as co-researchers, or the barriers they face.

Objective

The current study explores the experiences of individuals with IDD as co-researchers through discussions with individuals with IDD themselves, those who support them, and disability researchers.

Method

Data were collected through focus groups with individuals with IDD, individuals who support those with IDD, and disability researchers. Each group was asked about their journey through the research process, from beginning to end. Data were analyzed thematically by two independent coders.

Results

While all groups viewed the inclusion of individuals with disabilities as co-researchers as valuable, many barriers still prevented this population from fully participating in the research process. Individuals with IDD viewed research positively, especially when the topics were personally relevant. However, many thought research was intimidating and wanted additional support. Support providers expressed that the people they support have lots to contribute to research and felt empowered when participating. Disability researchers discussed many barriers to include individuals with IDD as co-researchers, including limited time, resources, and inflexibility of research processes. Researchers felt they could use more experience working with individuals with disabilities as co-researchers to integrate these individuals into all aspects of the process.

Discussion

There is broad interest in including those with IDD as co-research, but many barriers remain. Full inclusion can be supported by developing a welcoming and accessible environment. Researchers may need institutional support and training to pursue inclusive IDD research. Asking individuals with IDD for their expertise, develop topics of research that those with IDD can relate to, and involving support providers may be helpful. Developing innovative strategies to support inclusion is needed from all groups.
The Resuscitation, Equilibrium and De-escalation (RED) strategy: a phased, personalized hemodynamic support in children with sepsis
Authors: Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime , Ranjit Sushitra , Sanchez-Pinto L. Nelson , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Jabornisky Roberto , Kissoon Niranjan
Published: January 2025

Hemodynamic support in critically ill children with septic shock is a pervasive challenge in the intensive care settings. Cardiovascular involvement in sepsis entails both macro- and microcirculation abnormalities, with the main treatment objectives seeking to increase cardiac output and improve tissue perfusion, respectively. Fluid therapy and vasoactive drugs are cornerstone therapies for circulatory problems in sepsis. Fluid boluses are a common first-line treatment for actual and relative hypovolemia. However, their use has been linked to adverse events due to factors such as their composition, high volumes and rapid infusion rates, and the variable response of individual patients. Furthermore, they often have transient efficacy or lack of response in many patients. Vasoactive drugs are also often used late, which favors repetitive fluid boluses, leading to hypervolemia, tissue edema and worse outcomes. After the resuscitation phase, active fluid removal through diuresis or dialysis is increasingly being used in patients who receive fluid therapy, but it has not yet been standardized, and the safest and most effective strategies in children are still not known. We believe that these interventions for hemodynamic problems in sepsis offer an opportunity to personalize treatment and apply precision medicine strategies. Using a phased approach adapted to each patient's context and clinical condition can potentially improve outcomes. The proposed Resuscitation, Equilibrium and De-escalation (RED) strategy is a simplified phased hemodynamic management approach for patients with sepsis and septic shock. Our goal with the introduction of this concept is to organize and underscore the fact that the cardiovascular support of sepsis is dynamic and should be adapted to each individual and context.
Comparative safety profile of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC: a network meta-analysis of hypertension and thrombotic risks
Authors: Tan Mingming , Pu Chenwei , Wang Zhenzhen , Jin Chengwei
Published: January 2025

Background

This study examines the risks of hypertension and thrombotic events in NSCLC patients treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs).

Objective

To compare the safety profiles of TKIs used in NSCLC treatment, focusing on hypertension and thrombotic risks.

Methods

A comprehensive search identified randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of TKIs in NSCLC patients. Bayesian network meta-analysis was employed to construct a comparative network of treatments.

Results

Thirty studies involving 11,375 patients were included. Erlotinib had the lowest incidence of hypertension (SUCRA: 91.1%), followed by chemotherapy (88.8%). For thrombotic events, Erlotinib had the lowest risk (SUCRA: 66.1%), while Anlotinib and Cabozantinib had the highest thrombotic risks (SUCRA: 26.9%).

Conclusion

Erlotinib presents the lowest risk for hypertension and thrombotic events, making it a preferred choice for NSCLC patients with cardiovascular concerns.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42024530770.
Advance in identified targets of berberine
Authors: Sun Penghai , Wang Ziyuan , Ma Yinchao , Liu Yuan , Xue Yintong , Li Yan , Gao Xiang , Wang Yuedan , Chu Ming
Published: January 2025

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, which has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of various diseases, including tumors, acute and chronic infections, autoimmune disorders, and diabetes. Studies have demonstrated that berberine exhibits polypharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities. To further elucidate the multifaceted pharmacological mechanisms of berberine, we reviewed 7 targets of berberine identified through co-crystal structure analysis, including filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), QacR, BmrR, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), RamR, NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7), and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Through target fishing, molecular docking, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses, combined with cellular and molecular experiments, we further identified 6 targets of berberine. These findings provide a comprehensive summary of berberine’s direct molecular targets, offering a theoretical foundation for further exploration of its diverse pharmacological activities.
From the right ventricle to the descending aorta: a Case Report of complex thrombotic events in a patient with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Chen Jiaojiao , Zhu Longyin , Zhou Fen , Li Yuting , Gu Tao , Xia Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Patients frequently exhibit hypercoagulability on account of endothelial dysfunction and abnormal blood coagulation function, which significantly heighten the risk of thrombus formation. Although anticoagulant therapy is crucial for preventing thrombotic events, formulating individualized anticoagulation treatment plans for these patients remains a challenge in clinical practice due to variations in renal function and the distinct metabolic characteristics of anticoagulant medications.

Case Introduction

This case report presents a 27-year-old male patient diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The etiological diagnosis was hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis, and the pathological diagnosis was mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient had a relapse accompanied by bilateral pulmonary embolism and a right ventricular thrombus, and ultimately underwent thrombectomy. In the subsequent year, despite receiving adequate anticoagulation therapy with rivaroxaban, rare events of descending aortic mural thrombus and bilateral renal infarction occurred. The patient was treated with anticoagulation, endovascular exclusion with a descending aorta covered stent for the isolation of mural thrombus, and prolonged antiplatelet therapy. As of now, follow-up has shown no recurrence of thrombotic events.

Conclusion

This case underscores the challenges associated with managing the hypercoagulability in patients with nephrotic syndrome and emphasizes the importance of personalized anticoagulation therapy. To improve patient outcomes, future research should focus on the selection of anticoagulant agents, dosage optimization, and monitoring strategies to enhance the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation treatment in this patient population.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of propranolol in the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Li Haipeng , Zhang Zhengrong , Yang Shaojie , Zhu Guoqi
Published: January 2025

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of propranolol in the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a focus on its improvement of core PTSD symptoms.

Methods

A literature search was conducted across multiple databases (including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase), with the search cutoff date in October 2024. The studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological treatments for PTSD. PTSD symptoms were assessed using standardized clinical scales, including the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and the PTSD Checklist (PCL). The primary outcome was the improvement in PTSD symptoms.

Results

Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The studies showed low heterogeneity, with a chi-squared value of 2.56 (df = 6, p = 0.86) and I2 = 0%. The overall effect test indicated significant improvement in PTSD symptoms after propranolol intervention (Z = 2.32, p = 0.02). These findings suggest that propranolol has a statistically significant effect on reducing the severity of PTSD symptoms, with a moderate effect size according to Cohen’s criteria.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis provide preliminary evidence supporting the possible role of propranolol in alleviating PTSD symptoms. Future researches are needed to further clarify the therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and long-term safety of propranolol in PTSD treatment.
Transcriptomic signatures of severe acute mountain sickness during rapid ascent to 4,300 m
Authors: Yang Ruoting , Gautam Aarti , Hammamieh Rasha , Roach Robert C. , Beidleman Beth A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common altitude illness that occurs when individuals rapidly ascend to altitudes ≥2,500 m without proper acclimatization. Genetic and genomic factors can contribute to the development of AMS or predispose individuals to susceptibility. This study aimed to investigate differential gene regulation and biological pathways to diagnose AMS from high-altitude (HA; 4,300 m) blood samples and predict AMS-susceptible (AMS+) and AMS-resistant (AMS─) individuals from sea-level (SL; 50 m) blood samples.

Methods

Two independent cohorts were used to ensure the robustness of the findings. Blood samples were collected from participants at SL and HA. RNA sequencing was employed to profile gene expression. Differential expression analysis and pathway enrichment were performed to uncover transcriptomic signatures associated with AMS. Biomarker panels were developed for diagnostic and predictive purposes.

Results

At HA, hemoglobin-related genes (HBA1, HBA2, and HBB) and phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) emerged as key differentiators between AMS+ and AMS− individuals. The cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway exhibited contrasting regulatory patterns at SL and HA, reflecting potential adaptation mechanisms to hypoxic conditions. Diagnostic and predictive biomarker panels were proposed based on the identified transcriptomic signatures, demonstrating strong potential for distinguishing AMS+ from AMS− individuals.

Discussion

The findings highlight the importance of hemoglobin-related genes and the CREB pathway in AMS susceptibility and adaptation to hypoxia. The differential regulation of these pathways provides novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying AMS. The proposed biomarker panels offer promising avenues for the early diagnosis and prediction of AMS risk, which could enhance preventive and therapeutic strategies.
How does light regulate plant regeneration?
Authors: Han Juan , Li Yapeng , Zhao Ye , Sun Yuhan , Li Yun , Peng Zuodeng
Published: January 2025

Based on the totipotency and pluripotency of cells, plants are endowed with strong regenerative abilities. Light is a critical environmental factor influencing plant growth and development, playing an important role in plant regeneration. In this article, we provide a detailed summary of recent advances in understanding the effects of light on plant regeneration, with a focus on the fundamental processes and mechanisms involved in de novo shoot regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, and adventitious root formation. We focus on summarizing the effects of light intensity, light spectra, and photoperiod on these regeneration processes. Additionally, we propose the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying light-mediated plant regeneration. This article aims to deepen our understanding of the role of light in plant regeneration and to pave the way for future research on light-regulated regenerative processes in plants.
The impact of nutrient deficiency on the structure of soil microbial communities within a double-cropping system
Authors: Yang Rulan , Sun Zheng , Gong Yu , Zhou Peng , Zhang Xinping , Wang Jie , Dong Qiang , Gao Fei
Published: January 2025

In the North China Plain, it is common for farmers to regularly clear crop residues from their fields. The prevalent practice of fertilization in this region continues to depend heavily on the use of compound fertilizers. Howere , long-term single fertilizer application has become the norm in the present agricultural production, which not only destroys the crop rotation system but also negatively affects the soil environment and crop yields. The current knowledge of how nutrient deficits affect the microbial community structure in double-cropping systems is still limited. To clarify the specific response of soil microorganisms to the absence of key nutrients in the ecosystems of the annual double cropping system, this study investigated how the lack of essential nutrients affected the diversity, abundance, and functional dynamics of microorganisms in the soil, and designed five treatment methods: (1) CK, nofertilizer treatment; (2) NPK, adequate nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer treatment; (3) PK, nitrogen deficiency treatment; (4) NK, phosphorus deficiency treatment; and (5) NP, potassium deficiency treatment. The results showed that in two growing seasons, NPK treatment increased the yields of wheat and corn by 16.9% and 27.0%, respectively, while NK and NP treatments increased by 13.4%, 5.4%, 25.0%, and 17.9%, respectively, and the total annual yield increased by 21.1%. In addition, NPK treatment promoted the microbial diversity and abundance of wheat and maize, and balanced fertilization provided more comprehensive nutritional support for crops. Compared to other nutrient-deficient treatments, NPK treatment substantially increased the abundance and functional diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities (p<0.05). The structure and abundance of soil microbial communities are significantly correlated with soil physicochemical factors that involve organic matter, pH, potassium content, phosphorus, and nitrogen levels. pH is the primary environmental factor influencing the diversity of soil microbial communities.
Induction of somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation of Abies pinsapo Boiss.
Authors: Cabero-Moreno Laura , Landeras-López Ignacio , Bravo-Navas María Victoria , Sánchez-Romero Carolina
Published: January 2025

Abies pinsapo is an endangered species, endemic to southern Spain. Somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation constitute important biotechnological tools, which can be used in order to improve the management and conservation of threatened species. The objective of this work was to develop somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation protocols for A. pinsapo. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from mature zygotic embryos of A. pinsapo cultured on solid MS medium with macroelements at half-strength and supplemented with 20 g L-1 sucrose and 5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Embryogenic cultures successfully proliferated on solid medium with the same formulation supplemented with 20 g L-1 sucrose, 500 mg L-1 L-glutamine, 1 g L-1 casein hydrolysate and 1 mg L-1 BA. Different preconditioning and cryoprotective treatments were tested in order to optimize cryopreservation of embryogenic tissues by using the slow-cooling technique. Embryogenic cultures at their exponential growth phase, i.e. 12-14 days after the last subculture, were used as cryopreservation explants. The best results were achieved after sucrose preculture and cryoprotecion with PGD I (mixture of polyethylene glycol, glucose and DMSO I), with 100% of explants resuming somatic embryogenesis after thawing. Following fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining, more intense and abundant green fluorescence could be observed in these samples, compared to those subjected to other preconditioning and cryoprotective treatments, thus evincing a higher proportion of viable cells after freezing in liquid nitrogen. Cold hardening did not improve cryotolerance. In fact, incubation at 5 °C for two weeks appeared to affect explants response, delaying tissue regrowth after cryopreservation. This is the first time in which somatic embryogenesis and cryopreservation have been reported in Spanish fir. The results obtained allow to establish the bases for the integration of these techniques into in situ and ex situ conservation strategies.
Implicit learning of unfamiliar tone sandhi patterns in lexical recognition
Authors: Zou Ting , Luo Xinbing
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study investigates whether unfamiliar tone sandhi patterns in Tianjin Mandarin can be implicitly learned through an artificial language learning experiment, and if the acquired knowledge is rule-based and generalizable.

Methods

Participants were trained to learn monosyllabic words and disyllabic phrases with their attention focused on a word-order rule, while unknowingly being exposed to unfamiliar tone sandhi patterns. A judgement test with trial-to-trial confidence ratings was conducted to assess the learning outcomes and participants’ awareness.

Results

Results revealed significantly above-chance performance on tone sandhi patterns for learned phrases. This learning effect was generalized to unseen phrases made up of familiar words, but not to phrases with new words, indicating a degree of abstraction across instances, though the learning is not fully rule-based. The confidence rating results suggest that participants were unaware of the structural sandhi knowledge, but the reaction time data of the judgement test indicate that the sandhi knowledge was learned with awareness at the level of noticing.

Discussion

The results have been discussed in light of theories of implicit learning and the findings of previous research on phonological learning.
Teaching and learning with instructional humor: a review of five-decades research and further direction
Authors: Zhou Weichen , Lee Jun Choi
Published: January 2025

The discussion about how to use instructional humor in class to promote teaching and learning efficiency has always been a concern of researchers in recent decades. The present project summarizes extant studies on instructional humor and provides a detailed review of research findings. First, the definition and classification of instructional humor are overviewed. Then, the study introduces three theoretical frameworks, namely Instructional Humor Processing Theory (IHPT) and other two alternative models, which, respectively, based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) or from an integrative perspective of cognition and affection, explaining how humor works in education settings. Based on the theoretical clarification of instructional humor, the paper further reviews existing empirical evidence regarding teachers’ use of humor in class and its impact on students’ learning, with emphasis on explaining inconsistencies in previous conclusions and identifying limitations in extant relevant works. The detailed analysis and comparison of previous results regarding instructional humor offer potential directions for further relevant research. Finally, the study concludes with feasible advice for teachers to maximize the positive benefits of humor in class.
Linking workplace digitalization to work engagement: evidence from China public sector organizations
Authors: Zhan Xiaohui , Xie Shenghua
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The construction of “Digital Government” has greatly facilitated the workplace digitalization in the public sectors of China. Workplace digitalization has become a pervasive phenomenon in modern organizations, including the public sector. Existing research on the impact of workplace digitalization on individual behavior has yielded conflicting results, making the impact of workplace digitalization on employee work engagement remains a subject of debate and investigation. Based on the transactional theory of stress, this article aims to examine how workplace digitalization influences government employees’ work engagement through different appraisals (i.e., challenge and threat) and the moderating role of a personal trait (i.e., digital literacy).

Methods

Structured questionnaires and a three-wave research design were used to collect data. A total of 290 employees from public organizations in Guangdong Province, in China, participated in the study. SPSS and MPLUS were used to analyze the data using the latest bootstrapping and process macro techniques.

Results

The results show that workplace digitalization can produce both beneficial and detrimental impacts on work engagement of government employees via challenge and threat appraisals, respectively. The digital literacy of government employees was confirmed to moderate the impacts of perceived workplace digitalization on stress appraisals (i.e., challenge and threat).

Conclusion

Our study proposes a theoretical framework that explain the mixed impacts of workplace digitalization on government employees’ work engagement via challenge and threat appraisals. It also offers practical suggestions to public sector and managers on how to balance the challenge and threat aspects of digitalization in the workplace.
The effect of sleep quality on learning engagement of junior high school students: the moderating role of mental health
Authors: Xu Zhenguo , Niu Menghui , Du Wenxiu , Dang Tongtong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A good quality of sleep is not only an important guarantee for students’ academic life, but also an important founding condition for their physical and mental health development. The study aims to explore the relationship between sleep quality and students’ learning engagement, and to deeply analyze the moderating role played by mental health.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted among some junior high school students in Rizhao City, Shandong Province for the research.

Results

The results show that: (1) The main effect of sleep quality on learning engagement is significant (β = 0.476, t = 1.829, p < 0.001), specifically, the better the sleep quality, the higher the students’ learning engagement. (2) The influence of sleep quality on learning engagement is moderated by mental health (β = –0.850, t = -2.652, p = 0.006), that is to say, the influence of sleep quality on learning engagement is more significant for students with poor mental health, and mentally healthy students can effectively alleviate the negative impact of sleep problems on their learning engagement.

Discussion

Research shows the significance of good sleep quality and mental health for students’ learning. The research results provide empirical evidence for schools, families, and policy makers to improve students’ academic achievement and mental health.
The role of prosocial tendencies in the relationships between gratitude, perceived social support, and psychological well-being among Chinese university students: a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Man Xu , Jing Zhang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study explores the relationships among gratitude, perceived social support, prosocial tendencies, and psychological well-being (PWB) in Chinese university students. Despite growing interest in these constructs, the mechanisms through which gratitude and social support influence PWB remain underexplored, particularly in collectivist cultural contexts where social harmony and interdependence are prioritized.

Methods

Data were collected from 703 Chinese university students using validated instruments measuring gratitude, perceived social support, prosocial tendencies, and psychological well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the direct and indirect effects of gratitude and social support on PWB, with prosocial tendencies modeled as a mediating higher-order factor. Multi-group SEM analysis was conducted to examine gender invariance.

Results

Gratitude and perceived social support significantly predicted PWB, both directly and indirectly through prosocial tendencies. Gratitude had a strong positive effect on prosocial tendencies (β = 0.412, p < 0.001), which, in turn, significantly contributed to PWB (β = 0.465, p < 0.001). Similarly, perceived social support positively influenced prosocial tendencies (β = 0.375, p < 0.001) and PWB (β = 0.253, p < 0.05). Mediation analysis confirmed that prosocial tendencies partially mediated these relationships. Multi-group SEM analysis revealed structural invariance across gender.

Discussion

The findings underscore the cultural relevance of gratitude and social support within Chinese society, emphasizing the role of collectivist values in fostering PWB. Practical implications include implementing gratitude-focused interventions and enhancing peer support systems within university mental health programs to promote resilience and well-being among students.
Sleep as a mediator between chronic diseases and depression: a NHANES study (2005–2018)
Authors: Tan Ming , Zhao Haihong , Nie Ruya , Deng Pingping , Wang Cuixiao
Published: January 2025

Objective

This article investigates the relationship between common chronic diseases and depression among US adults and examines the mediating role of sleep in this relationship, using a cross-sectional study to offer recommendations for depression prevention.

Methods

This study analyzed data from 10,710 participants collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018. Logistic regression, subgroup analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and mediation analysis were employed to explore the relationship between common chronic diseases and depression, and the mediating role of sleep.

Results

The adjusted model indicated that stroke (OR = 1.712, 95% CI: 1.399, 2.103), heart disease (OR = 1.419, 95% CI: 1.262, 1.598), diabetes (OR = 1.243, 95% CI: 1.116, 1.386), and hypertension (OR = 1.249, 95% CI: 1.160, 1.346) were associated with an increased probability of depression. Additionally, trouble sleeping (OR = 2.059, 95% CI: 1.790, 2.375) was associated with an increased probability of depression, while sleep hours (OR = 0.867, 95% CI: 0.846, 0.888) may decrease this probability. RCS analysis showed a non-linear relationship between sleep hours and the risk of depression. The final mediation analysis showed that trouble sleeping mediated 3.66% of the effect of stroke, 12.68% of heart disease, and 17.76% of diabetes on depression. Furthermore, trouble sleeping mediated 11.07% of the impact of hypertension on depression, while sleep hours mediated 5.36% of this impact.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases and sleep problems may increase the likelihood of depression among U.S. adults, with sleep serving as a mediator between chronic diseases and depression.
Wild animals connect us with nature: about awe, eco-pedagogy, and nature-connectedness
Authors: Schilhab Theresa S. S. , Esbensen Gertrud L.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, studies have linked children’s experiences with nature to their understanding of sustainability. According to existing research, positive nature interactions and the experience of being part of nature motivate sustainable actions, a relationship described by the concept of “connectedness with nature.” Current research often refers to nature as a green (or blue) area—i.e., a place that, unlike urban areas, has characteristics that stimulate positive experiences of nature. Hence, the connection between experiences with local wild animals in nature (invertebrates such as snails and spiders, and vertebrates such as mammals and amphibians) and positive nature experiences remains unexplored. We do not yet know whether wild animals, as creatures with their own goals and worlds of experience, can stimulate children’s experience of being part of nature and ultimately lead to sustainable behaviour. However, animals are relatively easy to connect with and care for because their actions often resemble ours. This recognisability may intuitively pique children’s interest and thus initiate a budding emotional attachment to and understanding of nature. This article offers a theoretical framework for how children’s experiences of local wildlife may influence their opportunities to develop nature connectedness. The article demonstrates how observations of wild animals and their purposefulness in their natural environment potentially stimulate emotions and cognitions that are of significance to developing nature connectedness. We point to three effects, as follows: (1) the stimulation of curiosity through animals’ senses and actions, (2) insight into the diversity of nature through animals’ recognisable, yet different behaviour, and (3) the experience of how we depend on the concrete environment by proxy. We elaborate on the implications of these effects on children’s connection to nature. We also discuss the importance of adult involvement and support in the facilitation of certain feelings and cognitions in the development of children’s connectedness to nature.
The impact of social exclusion on experiential sports consumption: the chain mediating roles of loneliness and the need for social connection
Authors: Li Chenya , Qu Weihua
Published: January 2025

Introduction

With the advancement of the social economy, sports consumption has shifted from traditional material-based purchases to experiential sports consumption, emphasizing psychological engagement and emotional fulfillment. However, the psychological mechanisms behind experiential sports consumption remain underexplored, especially in the context of social exclusion.

Methods

This study is grounded in social exclusion theory, constructing a conceptual model where social exclusion is the independent variable, experiential sports consumption intention is the dependent variable, and loneliness and the need for social connection serve as mediators. A survey was conducted with 415 valid responses, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and the Bootstrap method to examine the relationships among the variables.

Results

The findings indicate that social exclusion significantly and positively predicts the intention to engage in experiential sports consumption. It also has a significant positive effect on loneliness and the need for social connection. However, loneliness does not mediate the relationship between social exclusion and experiential sports consumption intention, while the need for social connection does. Furthermore, a chain mediation effect exists between loneliness and the need for social connection in the relationship between social exclusion and experiential sports consumption intention.

Discussion

These results suggest that sports organizations and enterprises should design socially engaging activities that strengthen social connections and alleviate feelings of exclusion. This study enriches the theoretical understanding of social exclusion and its impact on experiential sports consumption, providing practical insights for enhancing social inclusion through sports.
Immigration modulates audiovisual emotional processing in adults: is this really an influence of the host culture?
Authors: Nakamura Anna K. , Yamamoto Hisako W. , Takagi Sachiko , Matsuda Tetsuya , Okada Hiroyuki , Ishiguro Chiaki , Tanaka Akihiro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Individuals from Western cultures rely on facial expressions during the audiovisual emotional processing of faces and voices. In contrast, those from East-Asian cultures rely more on voices. This study aimed to investigate whether immigrants adopt the tendency of the host culture or whether common features of migration produce a similar modification regardless of the destination.

Methods

We examined how immigrants from Western countries to Japan perceive emotional expressions from faces and voices using MRI scanning.

Results

Immigrants behaviorally exhibited a decrease in the influence of emotions in voices with a longer stay in Japan. Additionally, immigrants with a longer stay showed a higher response in the posterior superior temporal gyrus, a brain region associated with audiovisual emotional integration, when processing emotionally congruent faces and voices.

Discussion

These modifications imply that immigrants from Western cultures tend to rely even less on voices, in contrast to the tendency of voice-dominance observed in native Japanese people. This change may be explained by the decreased focus on prosodic aspects of voices during second language acquisition. The current and further exploration will aid in the better adaptation of immigrants to a new cultural society.
Maternal singing and speech have beneficial effects on preterm infant’s general movements at term equivalent age and at 3 months: an RCT
Authors: Filippa Manuela , Filippa Gianluca , Della Casa Elisa , Berardi Alberto , Picciolini Odoardo , Meloni Sara Chiara , Lunardi Clara , Cecchi Alessandra , Sansavini Alessandra , Corvaglia Luigi , Grandjean Didier ,   EVC Group, Ferrari Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

Background

General Movements (GMs) are part of the spontaneous movement repertoire and assessing them helps to determine the integrity of the central nervous system in newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal singing and speaking in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) on preterm infants’ GMs at term equivalent age and at 3 months.

Methods

In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 56 stable preterm infants (25–32 weeks) were randomized to either an intervention group – in which mothers were asked to speak and sing to their infants for 20 min, 3 times per week, for 2 weeks – or to a control group. GMs were recorded both before and after the intervention – which took place at term equivalent age – and again at 3 months corrected age. The GMs were blindly coded based on the muted video tracks to produce both a general score and a detailed score.

Results

Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The intervention wielded a significant effect on the GMs general score (p < 0.05). The effect was also marginally significant for the GMs detailed score (p = 0.06). To avoid influencing outcomes, future research should control for differences in maternal engagement outside of the intervention.

Conclusion

Live maternal singing and speaking are fundamental human practices that, in this study, enhanced preterm infants’ general movements and potentially supported their neurobehavioral development. Integrating and supporting early vocal interaction into routine NICU care is crucial for at-risk populations.
The relationship between physical activity and career decision-making self-efficacy in Chinese college students: the mediating roles of self-control and social anxiety
Authors: Fang Yuan , Xu Tingting , Ye Maosheng , Li Changquan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Enhancing career decision-making self-efficacy is an effective approach to improving university graduates' employment quality and speed. This study aims to explore the relationships among physical activity, career decision-making self-efficacy, self-control, and social anxiety to provide new perspectives and directions for enhancing university students' career decision-making self-efficacy.

Methods

Within the framework of this research endeavor, a cohort of 1,955 university students (N = 1,955) from 14 universities distributed throughout China was surveyed. The initial data was entered and stored by means of Microsoft Excel. Subsequently, SPSS version 26.0 was employed to execute a comprehensive set of statistical analyses on the data, including descriptive statistics, a normality test, a reliability test, an exploratory factor analysis (aimed at addressing common method bias), a correlation test, and a regression analysis. In the present study, a structural equation model was formulated via the utilization of AMOS 24.0 software, and the Bootstrap approach was implemented. A total of 5,000 samples were randomly drawn for the purpose of validating the research hypotheses, with the determination being based on whether the 95% confidence interval encompassed the value of 0.

Results

(1) Physical activity was found to positively predict career decision-making self-efficacy, as evidenced by (Estimate = 0.590, p < 0.001). (2) Self-control was demonstrated to play a mediating role in the connection between physical activity and career decision-making self-efficacy, with the effect indicated by (Estimate = 0.075, 95%CI(0.042, 0.113)]. (3) Social anxiety was likewise shown to assume a mediating role within the relationship between physical activity and career decision-making self-efficacy, as manifested by [Estimate = 0.009, 95%CI(0.002, 0.020)]. (4) A chain mediating effect was observed between physical activity and career decision-making self-efficacy for the combination of self-control and social anxiety, with [Estimate = 0.032, 95%CI(0.008, 0.057)].

Conclusion

These findings provided significant theoretical support for physical activity as an effective means to enhance university students' career decision-making self-efficacy and offered references for designing sports activity programs. Furthermore, this study offered new perspectives and directions for understanding and enhancing university students' career decision-making self-efficacy.