bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF MNEMONIC STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE EFL STUDENTS’ APTITUDE FOR VOCABULARY
Authors: Thảo Trần Mai
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Using mnemonic strategies is one of the useful ways to help students memorize and retrieve vocabulary effectively in learning English. This paper mainly focuses on promoting mnemonic strategies to EFL students’ vocabulary learning. Though some research in this field has been conducted, there have been hardly any specific studies on using mnemonic strategies to improve vocabulary learning ability for English major pre-intermediate level students at a university of foreign languages in Vietnam. The study aims to investigate the benefit of mnemonic strategies in vocabulary learning for EFL students.
 
Methodology: This study was designed as quasi-experimental research, employing a mixed-method approach to gather data. 90 respondents from a university in the centre of Vietnam were recruited in the study using a simple random sampling method. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire of 20 items, a vocabulary test and semi-structured interview questions were the research instruments used in the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for analyzing the quantitative data. The responses from semi-structured interviews were analysed in theme.
 
Findings: The results of the study showed that both teacher-provided mnemonic strategies and student-generated strategies could help students memorize vocabulary effectively. However, students who were creative and methodical in applying their own mnemonic strategies performed better at memorizing vocabulary. Also, those students who applied mnemonic strategies had better results in the vocabulary tests than the others.
 
Contributions: The study concludes that mnemonic strategies including spatial grouping, keyword method, the use of rhyme, story method, acronym, etc. to memorize and retrieve vocabulary has potential to be applied with EFL adult students as a new vocabulary teaching method. The research is expected to contribute to university administrators, EFL instructors, as well as university students to encourage and apply mnemonic strategies for improving EFL students’ vocabulary learning.
 
Keywords: Mnemonic strategies, vocabulary learning, pre-intermediate level, student, English.
 
Cite as: Thảo, T. M. (2022). The application of mnemonic strategies to improve EFL students’ aptitude for vocabulary. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 166-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp166-183
21ST-CENTURY LEARNING: UNDERSTANDING THE LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES WITH TECHNOLOGY LITERACY AMONG L2 LEARNERS
Authors: Ali Zuraina
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: The study concerns investigating the learning of English in the 21st-century when digital learning platforms were used in assigning writing activities to students. Specifically, the use of the media was related to the Language Learning Strategies (LLS), namely metacognitive, cognitive, and social strategies classified by O'Malley et al. (1985) with the learning in the 21st-century. 
 
Methodology: The study employed a qualitative research design to collect responses from 72 engineering students studying at a technical university on the East Coast of Malaysia. An open-ended questionnaire was used to collect the responses from the participants and was validated by the researcher's colleague. Reliability was also taken care of in that verbatim reporting was observed in writing the current study's findings. Data were analysed using codes and themes formulated before they were reported. 
 
Findings: The study found that students used metacognitive strategies to check their language in the writing tasks. It was evident that Grammarly, Quillbot, and Google translate, to name a few, were used to check their writing. It was also reported that they linked new information to visual concepts in terms of cognitive strategies. Specifically, they used deduction methods to ensure they understood the sentences they composed. For social strategy, digital platforms, namely WhatsApp, Google Meet, and Discord, were among the common platforms used by the students. The study confirmed that the students demonstrated strong technology literacy as they could use multi-digital platforms to complete the writing tasks.
 
Contributions: The study identifies the LLS employed by English as a Second Language (ESL) learners in 21st-century-learning. Also, it contributes to providing techniques that English practitioners can use in their writing classes.
 
Keywords: 21st-century learning, Language Learning Strategies (LLS), technology literacy.
 
Cite as: Ali, Z. (2022). 21st-century learning: Understanding the language learning strategies with technology literacy among L2 learners.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 202-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp202-220
A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF BE-COPULA IN NATIVE SPEAKER AND NON-NATIVE SPEAKER LEARNERS’ ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS
Authors: Abdul Aziz Roslina , Abas Nadhratunnaim , Yusob Khairul Firhan
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: There is little research on the use of BE-copula in learner compositions in terms of how BE is used, and what functions it performs at specific stages of composition. This study aims to investigate the functions of BE-copula in argumentative essays written by non-native speaker (NS) and native speaker (NNS) learners and determine the similarities and differences in the way the learners use BE­-copula in their essays.
 
Methodology: This descriptive study employed a corpus-based methodology with the corpus data obtained from the Malaysian Corpus of Learner English (MACLE) and Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS). Only data from L1-Malay learners, which were extracted from MACLE, and which form a sub-corpus of L1-Malay learner argumentative essays, were analyzed in the study. Adopting Hyland’s three-stage structure of an argumentative essay as the framework for analysis, data were analyzed for the distribution of BE-copula and the functions it performed in the learner essays.
 
Findings: Results from the quantitative analysis revealed a similar pattern in the use of BE-copula between NNS and NS learners, with both groups showing an inclination towards the present forms (is, are) and BE-copula construction. A t-test analysis revealed a more significant use of BE-copula in terms of both forms and functions by the NS learners. The qualitative analysis revealed that even though the NNS learners exhibited almost similar composing elements as the NS counterparts, their texts were stylistically simple, more constrained, less fluent, and effective due to limited syntactic variety.
Contributions: The empirical findings from the in depth quantitative and qualitative analyses have enabled more insightful conclusions to be drawn about the NNS learners’ use of BE-copula in their writing. The present study has direct pedagogical implications for the teaching of academic writing in the ESL context.
 
Keywords: Argumentative essay, academic writing, be-copula, corpus-based, learner corpus research.
 
Cite as: Abdul Aziz, R., Abas, N., & Yusob, K. F. (2022). A corpus-based study of be-copula in native speaker and non-native speaker learners’ argumentative essays.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 21-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp21-43
ONLINE LEARNING READINESS AND SATISFACTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN FOUR ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Yan-Li Siaw , Jiang Na , Pamanee Kanit , Sriyanto Joko
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Online learning has become a new norm to higher education institutions in the developing countries since COVID-19 pandemic. An overnight shift from conventional physical learning to online learning in this pandemic moment has posed a major challenge to most of the educational institutions. Student’s readiness and satisfaction towards online learning activities are important to ensure the effectiveness of this new learning method. Therefore, this study aims to examine the online learning readiness and satisfaction among the university students from four Asian countries during COVID-19 pandemic. The domains of the examinations included student learning preference, self- direction, self-efficacy, and hardware-soft skill support.
 
Methodology: This survey research employed a quantitative approach to gather data. The sample respondents were 1,195 university students from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China, selected using a simple random sampling method. Online questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, comprising 37 items including demographic profiles, satisfaction, and online learning readiness assessment. The survey responses were analysed descriptively and inferentially using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.
 
Findings: Results showed that 74.7% of the participants had a middle level of online learning readiness, and only 20.1% had high online learning readiness. The levels of online learning readiness varied among the participating countries. The participants lacked online learning preference, as shown in the lower mean scores compared to the means of self-direction, self-efficacy, and hardware-soft skill supports. For satisfaction, students reflected that online course required improvement, as observed in only 31% satisfaction with the online learning courses provided. The results also revealed that there was a significant positive correlation (r=.383) between online learning readiness and students’ satisfaction.
 
Contributions: This study provides preliminary insights into the preparedness of online learning in higher educational institutions in the Asian countries. It implies a potential disruptive impact on the educational system during the pandemic. Such perspectives are crucial for educators to understand students’ readiness and perceptions as a means of providing more effective online courses.
 
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, online learning readiness, higher education, satisfaction.
 
Cite as: Yan-Li, S., Na, J., Pamanee, K., & Sriyanto, J. (2022). Online learning readiness and satisfaction during COVID-19 pandemic among university students in four Asian countries. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 245-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp245-269
A MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPED FOR SCAFFOLDING ESL LEARNERS IN PROVIDING PEER FEEDBACK
Authors: Nguoi Chui Lam Catherine , Habil Hadina , Min Hui Siew
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: Peer feedback has received significant research attention in teaching and learning of oral presentation skills. However, literature reveals a number of challenges concerning students’ provision of peer feedback. A mobile application was thus developed to scaffold students in this context. This study purports to evaluate the efficacy of the developed application by introducing it to the target users in an actual classroom setting.
 
Methodology: Thirty-three (33) ESL learners from one of the polytechnics in Malaysia were involved in this descriptive study. Both the peer feedback records (pre- and post-) were analyzed for the differences in peer feedback before and after the implementation of mobile application. A 20-item questionnaire was later administered to the target group to examine their perceptions on the developed application.
 
Findings: It was revealed that with the use of the newly developed application, students generally constructed more peer feedback with specific suggestions to improve oral presentation. Positive perceptions regarding the presentation, visual design, navigation and mobile app accessibility were also found.
Contributions: This study adds to the limited research on the use of mobile-assisted peer feedback, which can be a practical way to develop ESL learners’ oral presentation skills. The findings offer insights into how a mobile application can help scaffold students in peer feedback provision and could help inform that scaffolding is deemed necessary in building an effective classroom culture of feedback. The outcome could serve as a guide for instructors who wish to contemplate using similar approach.
 
Keywords: ESL learners, mobile application, oral presentation, peer feedback, scaffolding.
 
Cite as: Nguoi, C. C. L., Habil, H., & Siew, M. H. (2022). A mobile application developed for scaffolding ESL learners in providing peer feedback. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 291-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp291-313
STEM STUDENTS’ ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES AND UNDERLYING FACTORS PERTAINING TO OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Ahmad Ghulamuddin Nurul Jannah , Tengku Sharif Tengku Intan Suzila , Abd Rahman Zainurin
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose: The COVID19 pandemic challenges on learning necessitate the understanding of students’ Language Learning Strategies (LLS). Studies on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students’ English LLS is scarce. The objectives of the study are to examine the LLS employed by STEM students learning English as a second language (ESL) in a public university (PU) in Malaysia and to investigate the LLS underlying factors pertaining to the open distance learning (ODL).
 
Methodology: This study was designed as survey research, employing the quantitative approach to gather data. The Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire was administered to 250 engineering undergraduates as respondents, who were chosen using a purposive sampling method.  Data were analyzed descriptively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was conducted to determine the construct validity. PCA appropriateness was suggested by the inter-item correlation.
 
Findings: The compensation, metacognitive and cognitive learning strategies were the most frequently used strategies while the memory and affective strategies were the least. The PCA added vital information like the memory strategy corresponds to the metacognitive strategy. The cognitive strategy concept of ‘practice,’ may demand a revisit to some traditional grammar learning methods. There are also demands for social-emotional factors to be considered. ODL has imposed bigger demands too.
 
Contributions: The findings may assist ESL educators to boost STEM students’ self-monitoring behavior, to plan and coordinate their own learning process. PCA’s ‘Self-Awareness’ concept revealed that policy makers need to conduct more training to ensure executions run smoothly.
 
Keywords: English, Language Learning Strategies (LLS), Open Distance Learning (ODL), Science Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).
 
Cite as: Nurul Jannah, A. G., Tengku Intan Suzila, T. S., & Zainurin, A. R. (2022). STEM students’ English learning strategies and underlying factors in relation to issues in open distance learning. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(2), 81-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp81-102
Hub urbano de mobilidade: o caminho da estação central de Utrecht
Authors: Baiardi Yara Cristina Labronici , Alvim Angélica Tanus Benatti
Published: July 2022

Área de uma Estação pode ser base de tensões espaciais entre Nó de Transporte e Lugar, mas também pode ser considerada como um ponto estratégico para estruturação urbana e transformação espacial desse território: um Hub Urbano de Mobilidade. Ele é entendido como um Lugar que interconecta simultaneamente diversas escalas urbanas e modos de transporte sem ambivalências espaciais; concentra e irradia múltiplas atividades e funções urbanas e articula as partes interessadas no processo de planejamento. Assim, este artigo investiga as relações físico-espaciais entre um Nó de Transporte e Lugar, evidencia aspectos de Desenho Urbano a partir do estudo de caso da Estação Central de Utrecht, por meio de categorias elaboradas no âmbito do Transporte e do Urbano. Os resultados indicam, por um lado, os dilemas e desafios espaciais entre Nó e Lugar, por outro, relacionamum conjunto de diretrizes projetuais voltadas para potencializar as Áreas das Estações como um Hub Urbano de Mobilidade.
¿Por qué te decidiste a emprender? Explorando el emprendimiento de las mujeres en Tijuana
Authors: Díaz-Carrión Isis Arlene , Ceyca Lugo Ariana , Ríos Vázquez Adriana Guillermina
Published: July 2022

Este capítulo es complemento a una investigación de maestría que revisa los procesos de empoderamiento de las emprendedoras, el trabajo se centra en explorar las razones que motivan a las mujeres a emprender; como principal aportación a los estudios de género y organizaciones consideramos el visibilizar las relaciones asimétricas existentes en el emprendimiento de las mujeres. Así como apostar por múltiples motivaciones que las llevan a convertirse en emprendedoras, enfatizando la necesidad de promover estudios integrales al momento de evaluar el emprendimiento, para lo cual se avanza una propuesta en el apartado de discusión. El capítulo se estructura de la siguiente manera: primero se presenta la situación de las emprendedoras, atendiendo a sus motivaciones y aterrizando el tema en el contexto nacional; ello permite ir armando el escenario en el cual se desenvuelven los emprendimientos de las mujeres tijuanenses, para posteriormente discutir las motivaciones para emprender. Por tratarse de una investigación empírica y cualitativa se presentan la metodología, los hallazgos y la discusión; para finalmente cerrar con las reflexiones finales.
PACLOBUTRAZOL DEPENDENT SALT TOLERANCE IS RELATED TO CLC1 AND NHX1 GENE EXPRESSION IN SOYBEAN PLANTS
Authors: Dinler Burcu Seckin , Cetinkaya Hatice , Sergiev Iskren , Shopova Elena , Todorova Dessislava
Published: July 2022

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: directly, by straight clearance of reactive oxygen species; and indirectly by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. However, the regulatory effects of PBZ under salt stress in soybean are still not well explained and need further investigation. With this aim, the combination effect of salinity (250 mM NaCl) and three different doses of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on physiological, biochemical and molecular traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves were studied in soil experiments. Furthermore, physiological parameters (relative growth rate, relative water content), chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and as well as enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POX, APX, CAT and GST), ion content (Na, Cl) and soybean Na+/H+ antiporter GmNHX1 and chloride channel GmCLC1 gene expressions were investigated. The results showed that PBZ caused a reduction in salt-induced damages and an increase in biomass yield, water status, and chlorophyll. Moreover, PBZ regulated enzymatic antioxidants and alleviated the oxidative damages under salinity. In this study, for a first time it was determined that PBZ increased both GmNHX1 (ABA dependent or independent) and GmCLC1 (ABA independent) gene expressions and reduced Na and Cl concentrations in soybean under salinity. In conclusion, PBZ plays a role as a regulator and stimulant in salt stress response by mostly regulating ion balance in soybean leaves.
BIODIVERSITY OF FUNGI COLONIZING SCORZONERA (Scorzonera hispanica L.) CULTIVATED WITH THE USE OF BIOSTIMULANTS
Authors: Patkowska Elżbieta , Jamiołkowska Agnieszka , Mielniczuk Elżbieta , Skwaryło-Bednarz Barbara
Published: July 2022

Biostimulants are friendly to the soil environment and can effectively improve the plant growth and yielding. The aim of field and laboratory studies was to establish the effect of biostimulants on the growth and on the health status of Scorzonera hispanica L. plants. The field experiment was carried out in south-eastern Poland on Haplic Luvisol. The biostimulants were applied according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Moreover, the biostimulants Asahi SL (active components: nitroguaiacolate and nitrophenolates), Beta-Chikol (a.s. – chitosan) and Bio-Algeen S90 (extract from seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum) were applied for the pre-sowing seed dressing of scorzonera cv. ´´Duplex´´. For comparison, the fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s. – tiuram 75%) was used. Untreated seeds served as control. Moreover, the biodiversity of soil-borne fungi colonizing the roots of this vegetable was determined. The number of seedlings and the health status of scorzonera plants were determined during three growing seasons. In each year of the study, both scorzonera seedlings with necrosis symptoms on the roots and the infected roots obtained after scorzonera harvest were subjected to laboratory mycological analysis. The experiments showed that, the emergence and health status of scorzonera seedlings after the application of biostimulants, especially after Beta-Chikol, were significantly better than in the control. Asahi SL and Beta-Chikol were more effective than Bio-Algeen S90 in limiting the occurrence of fungi pathogenic towards scorzonera plants. Diseased scorzonera roots were most frequently colonized by Alternaria scorzonerae, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium spp., especially by Fusarium oxysporum. In conclusion, Asahi SL, Beta-Chikol and Bio-Algeen S90 can be recommended as effective biostimulants in field cultivation of Scorzonera hispanica.
Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2022

Guide for ContributorsEditorial PersonnelFrom the EditorsReviewers
Binding domain characterization of growth hormone secretagogue receptor
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Ye Xiangcang , Kennedy Hilda , Smith Alexander G. A. , Smith Roy G.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives

Activation of ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) by endogenous or synthetic ligands amplifies pulsatile release of growth hormone (GH) and enhances food intake, very relevant to development and growth. GHS-R is a G-protein coupled receptor that has great druggable potential. Understanding the precise ligand and receptor interactions is crucial to advance the application of GHS-R.

Materials and Methods

We used radiolabeled ligand-binding assay and growth hormone release assay to assess the binding and functional characteristics of GHS-R to synthetic agonists MK-0677 and GHS-25, as well as to endogenous peptide ligand ghrelin. We analyzed the ligand-dependent activity of GHS-R by measuring aequorin-based [Ca++]i responses. To define a ligand-binding pocket of GHS-R, we generated a series of human/puffer fish GHS-R chimeras by domain swapping, as well as a series of mutants by site-directed mutagenesis.

Results

We found that the synthetic ligands have high binding affinity to GHS-R in the in vitro competitive binding assay. Remarkably, the in vivo GH secretagogue activity is higher with the synthetic agonists MK-0677 and GHS-25 than that of ghrelin. Importantly, the activity was completely abolished in GHS-R knockout mice. In GHS-R chimera analysis, we identified the C-terminal region, particularly the transmembrane domain 6 (TM6), to be critical for the ligand-dependent activity. Our site-directed mutagenesis study further revealed that amino acid residues D99 and W276 in GHS-R are essential for ligand binding. Interestingly, critical residues distinctively interact with different ligands, MK-0677 activation depends on E124, while ghrelin and GHS-25 preferentially interact with F279.

Conclusion

The ligand-binding pocket of human GHS-R is mainly defined by interactive residues in TM6 and the adjacent region of the receptor. This novel finding in GHS-R binding domains advances the structural/ functional understanding of GHS-R, which will help to select/design better GHS-R agonists/ antagonists for future therapeutic applications.
Boogaloo Bias
Authors: Curry Derek , Gradecki Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Boogaloo Bias is an interactive artwork and research project that addresses
some of the known problems with the unregulated use of facial recognition technologies, including the practice of ‘brute forcing’ where, in the absence of high-quality images of a suspect, law enforcement agents have been known to substitute images of celebrities the suspect is reported to resemble. To lam- poon this approach, the Boogaloo Bias facial recognition algorithm searches for members of the anti-law enforcement militia, the Boogaloo Bois, using a fa- cial recognition algorithm trained on faces of characters from the 1984 movie Breakin’ 2: Electric Boogaloo. The film is the namesake for the Boogaloo Bois, an anti-law enforcement militia that emerged from 4chan meme culture. They have been present at both right and left-wing protests in the US since Janu- ary 2020. The system is used to search live video feeds, protest footage, and images that are uploaded to the Boogaloo Bias website. All matches made by the system are false positives. No information from the live feeds or website uploads is saved or shared.
Cryptographics
Authors: Lee Rosemary
Published: July 2022

Cryptographics is an artwork that reflects on the recent phenomenon of cryp- to art, which involves associating digital artifacts with blockchain, tokenizing artworks with non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This practice has recently been the subject of heated debate within art and the humanities, as well as setting off a feeding frenzy by artists, digital content creators, and speculative investors. In Cryptographics, I take an artistic interpretation of this topic, highlighting the way that while tokenization is intended to make unique digital assets more eas- ily traceable, it treats content as inconsequential, raising a number of questions regarding the value of digital artworks. Working with found text fragments from discussions centered on NFTs and crypto art and existing images, the work seeks to negate the representational role of images, reducing them to mere fields of pixels. By obscuring the visual content of the images and text, this work ques- tions what impacts it may have if we are to treat all digital content as commod- ifiable, yet interchangeable.
Synthetic Pulsar (Speculative Sonification)
Authors: Pietruszewski Marcin
Published: July 2022

Synthetic Pulsar (Speculative Sonification) looks at the pulsar as a dazzling multi-dimensional object of scientific and creative focus. While the pulsar tra- verses a wide range of disciplines – astrophysics, radio technique, and sound technology – the workings and nature of such an object can never be fully cap- tured, hence remaining incompletely understood. Proposed work probes this complexity through a process of speculative data sonification: amplifying, mod- ulating and augmenting astrophysical data - sourced from the European Pulsar Network - within an original implementation of pulsar synthesis program (nuPG) designed by the author.
Pengaruh formulasi pupuk cair berbasis limbah organik dan penambahan konsorsium mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Yuliatiningsih Ni Putu , Darmayasa Ida Bagus Gede , Defiani Made Ria
Published: July 2022

Tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki nilai gizi dan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Peningkatan produksi cabai dapat dilakukan dengan upaya perbaikan kesuburan tanah melalui pemupukan yang optimal dan ramah lingkungan. Air cucian beras dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai POC yang dikombinasikan dengan molase dan mikroba pelarut fosfat (MPF). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi pemanfaatan formulasi POC terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit dan menentukan perbandingan yang tepat antara air cucian beras dan molase dengan penambahan konsorsium MPF dalam memformulasi POC. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan ada 7 yaitu Y1 = Kontrol I (tanpa perlakuan); Y2 = Kontrol II (POC komersial); Y3 =  5% air cucian beras + 5% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; Y4 = 10% air cucian beras + 10% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; Y5 = 15% air cucian beras + 15% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; Y6 = 20% air cucian beras + 20% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF; dan Y7 = 25% air cucian beras + 25% molase + 10 mL konsorsium MPF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan Y7 memberikan respon yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit dibandingkan dengan pemberian perlakuan formulasi POC lainnya.
Weggabelungen in Sicht - Kleine Anthropologie des Lassens in erregten Zeiten
Authors: Wils Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2022

Die Welt verändern, unentwegt an uns selbst arbeiten, das ist die Ambition der Moderne. Folglich fällt es uns schwer, über uns anders als im Modus des Tuns nachzudenken. Die Ethik der letzten Jahrzehnte ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Art Vergessen des Lassens: Das Nicht-Tun mutierte zu einem Fremdwort, der Wille zur Unverfügbarkeit ist schwach ausgebildet – die Bereitschaft zur Intervention umso mächtiger. Heute befinden wir uns jedoch an einer Weggabelung. Mit ihr ist die Überprüfung unserer Lebensstile in Sicht gekommen, denn längst ist der Krieg gegen die Natur zu einem Krieg gegen uns selbst geworden. Aus dem Modus der Konfrontation und der Domination müssen wir in den Modus der Kooperation wechseln. Das wird uns aber nicht gelingen, wenn wir nicht mit Übungen in der Kunst des Lassens anfangen, wie dieser Band verdeutlicht.
Evaluation of Essential Oils Against Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) at Holleta, Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Daniel Wondimu , Asfaw Zemede , Molla Ermias Lulekal , Kassa Bekel , Kifele Habtamu
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate essential oils from Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Allium sativum L., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W.Watson, Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Thymus schimperi Ronniger using four concentrations (l mL, 2 mL, 3 mL, 4 mL) and three sprays against potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) late blight disease. Two improved potato varieties were planted using randomized complete block design with factorial combinations in three replications. Analysis of disease incidence means at 53 and 60 days after planting showed highly significant differences between varieties and among sources of essential oils. Furthermore, the combined effect of essential oils and potato varieties on disease severity showed significant differences. Disease severity was maintained from 25% to 48% (Jalene); 13% to 30% (Gudene) with essential oils while it was maintained between 92% and 95% (Jalene); 37% to 38% (Gudene) for control plants. The lowest disease percentage of disease severity was obtained on plants treated with A. sativum for Jalene variety while on plants sprayed with C. macrostachyus, E. globulus and T. schimperi for Gudene variety. The lowest disease progress rate 0.198/day and 0.162/day as well as values of area under disease progress curve 228% days and 93% days were obtained for varieties Jalene and Gudene, respectively. Maximum reduction in mean disease severity was exhibited by garlic for varieties Jalene (28.3%) and Gudene (16.3%), as compared to the control (93.3% for Jalene and 37.5% for Gudene). Therefore, results indicated the potentials of essential oils to minimize effects of potato late blight disease. Communities involved in potato production could use the current results as base line information to find alternative management options for late blight disease which has no effect on human health and environment. However, further investigation is required on essential oils affordability and availability to farmers across different locations.
Mathematical Modelling of Drying Characteristics of Lemon Grass Leaves (Cymbopogon citratus)
Authors: Olabinjo Oyebola Odunayo
Published: July 2022

Drying characteristics of Lemon grass leaves using an oven dryer was studied at four different temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70°C). The effect of the drying temperatures on moisture content of the leaves was investigated. Thirteen drying models were fitted to the drying data to establish the model that best describes the drying characteristics of Lemon grass leaves. The best model was determined by the model with the lowest value of SSE and root mean square error (RMSE), and the highest value of coefficient of determination (R2). Hii et al. model satisfied the conditions for selecting the most suitable and reliable model with R2, SSE and RMSE values of the model was 0.9964, 0.0250 and 0.0214 respectively. This model is most suitable at 40°C. The effective diffusivity (Deff) values ranged from 8.92452 × 10-12 m2/s to 16.00657 × 10-12 m2/s and increases as temperature increases. It was further observed that the amount of energy required to eliminate moisture within the leaves was in the range of 19.85 kJ/mol - 19.86949 kJ/mol. Dried lemongrass leaves can be used in food preservation as an alternative to synthetic substances that have recently become less acceptable to consumers. Consumers accept natural food products that are universally acknowledged as safe, such as lemon grass with essential oils, and they also fit the standards for green processing.
Water Productivity, Farmers Satisfaction, and Sustainability of Selected Small Scale Irrigation Schemes in Salale Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Ulatu Habtamu Adenew , Tola Tolossa Lemma , Meskelu Shewadinber Mekonnin
Published: July 2022

In order to assess the potential, farmers satisfaction, and operation and maintenance issues of selected small scale irrigation schemes in Salale Zone Ethiopia, the study was designed with key objectives of evaluating the current status of irrigation water productivity of the schemes; irrigation water users satisfaction, and structures, function, and power of water users association in sustainable operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes. Structured questionnaires focus group discussion, and key informant interview was employed to collect data for each considered irrigation schemes and the data was analyzed by using SPSS and descriptive statistics. The result overall revealed that there was low water productivity of the schemes when it was compared with acceptable limit values. In each considered irrigation scheme, irrigation water users were not satisfied in operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes and less satisfied in fair distribution of water and timeline of water distribution; but fairly satisfied in fee policy. From the perspectives of roles of irrigation water users in leadership, resource mobilization, infrastructure management, equity in water distribution, and conflict management; there was a gap in effectively performing all such activities so that the overall productivity of schemes becomes very low. In general, the research indicated that there was a problem in improving water productivity, farmers’ satisfaction, role of irrigation water users in management, operation, and maintenance of schemes which need due consideration to sustain small scale irrigation schemes so that it will play the intended roles in attaining food security
Cloud Systems Used in Smart Agriculture, the Internet of Things and Uses of Other Technologies and a Smart Agriculture Architectural Proposal
Authors: Baz Fatih Çağatay
Published: July 2022

Agriculture has been important all over the world since the first days of humanity. The development of agriculture is proportional to the development of humanity. Today, people have reached the point they have reached in technology with agriculture. Today, the use of technology with different topics is effective in ensuring the development of agriculture. The concept of smart agriculture was born from here. The hardware and software used today provide convenience to manufacturers, production increases and businesses gain more profit. For this purpose, cloud systems, internet of things, artificial intelligence applications and many other technologies are used. In this study, it is focused on designing applications that can be used in smart agriculture in the light of current technologies, especially cloud systems and internet of things for producers. In addition, studies on smart agriculture in the literature were analysed by using the document analysis method. It has been determined that the studies on smart agriculture in the literature are similar. According to the research findings, applications related to smart agriculture aim to enable producers to obtain products with less cost. It can be suggested that manufacturers and experts working in the field of informatics work together to achieve this.
Free Radical Scavenging, Metal chelating and Antiperoxidative Activities of M. communis Berries Methanol extract and its Fractions
Authors: Benchikh Fatima , Benabdallah Hassiba , Amira Hind , Amira Islam , Mamache Walid , Amira Smain
Published: July 2022

Oxidative stress resulted from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with many diseases. Phytotherapy has known a great evolution all the world and some medicinal plants are important remedies of some diseases. Myrtle (Mrytus communis L.) is a plant of Myrtaceae family which is common in the Mediterranean region, with flowering, always green leaves and fruit. This study aims to investigate in vitro antioxidant capacity of Myrtus communis berries methanol extract and its three fractions using five assays: ABTS scavenging radicals, metal chelating, hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. EAE extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS (EAE (IC50=2.5 µg/ml ) and lipid peroxidation models (90.17%). Whereas, AqE is the most active extract in metal chelating activity (IC50=0.73±0.03 mg/ml) and H2O2 assay. These results support the traditional use of this plant in healthcare and it could be a new source of antioxidant natural drugs.
Determining the Quality and Storage Stability of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seed Oil with Accelerated Shelf-Life Approach
Authors: Adal Eda , Aktar Tuğba
Published: July 2022

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit that grows in most tropical and subtropical regions. It has 52% aril, consisting of 78% juice which is used as; juice, molasses, jam, wine, and dried kernels. Potential health benefits increase the demand for the fruit as well as its products. Pomegranate seeds, which consist of approximately 10% of the whole fruit, are a by-product of the juice and juice using products containing nutraceutical functional components such as sterols and punicic acid. Pomegranate seed oil is considered a healthy alternative source of oils, and its production is a valorization process since it is the by-product that usually goes to waste. In the present study, pomegranate seeds were used for oil extraction using the cold solvent extraction method. Oil samples were then taken to the Schaal oven treatment in order to determine changes due to storage. Oil samples were tested for 14 days of total storage at their 1st,3rd, 7th, and 14th days for the oxidation tests, colour, fatty acid composition, and Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. Data were tested for significance by using statistical analysis. The results indicated that oxidative stability of pomegranate seed oil was decreased by increasing storage time. The studied techniques used in this paper can be valuable processors to monitor the oxidative stability of oils with storage time and evaluate their acceptance on the market.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Astragalus logopodioides L. leaves
Authors: Erenler Ramazan , Nur Geçer Esma
Published: July 2022

Natural products have gained great interest due to their broad spectrum of biological activities and bioactive compounds. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Astragalus logopodioides L. by green approach. The structure of AgNPs was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. UV-Vis spectrum presented the maximum absorption of AgNPs as 419 nm. The crystal structure of AgNPs was assigned as face centered cubic by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) established morphology of AgNPs with an average size of 36.4 nm. A. logopodioides included the bioactive compounds, So, AgNPs capped by these compounds could be valuable substances for food and pharmaceutical applications.
Effect of The Storage Period on the Antioxidant Properties of Different Watermelon Cultivars Grown in Tunisia
Authors: Tlili Imen , Riadh Ilahy , Rached Zouhair , Ben Ali Ahlem , Arfaoui Kamel , R'him Thouraya
Published: July 2022

Postharvest storage conditions frequently affect nutritional quality of fruits and vegetables. Temperature and storage duration are the most important factors to extend shelf life and maintain quality of fresh watermelon. This study was conducted to determine the changes in the antioxidant properties of watermelon during storage. Fruits of the watermelon cultivars were harvested and stored at 5ºC for a period of 15 days. During storage antioxidant contents (lycopene and total phenolics) and total antioxidant activity were evaluated. The objective of this work was to determine the content of the antioxidant properties in different watermelon genotypes at four different postharvest storage periods (0, 5, 10 and 15 days). Furthermore, the nutritional quality is strongly influenced by the storage period. The cv Mahdia was the most suitable for extended storage periods.
Paddy farmers' knowledge, perception, and satisfaction on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in Nepal
Authors: Sigdel Udit Prakash , Nath Pyakuryal Kailash , Devkota Durga , Pati Ojha Gana
Published: July 2022

Information and communication technology (ICT) tools such as radio, television, mobile phone, the internet, computers are gaining momentum in the development discourse of the agriculture sector in Nepal. In agriculture extension, ICT tools fill the void that traditional agriculture extension cannot address. So, this study aimed at assessing the paddy farmers' knowledge, perception, and satisfaction on ICT tools in Jhapa, Kapilbastu, and Kailai districts following a multistage purposive sampling method. A survey research design was used for the study. Pretested semi-structured interview schedule was employed to randomly selected 390 sample respondents. Descriptive statistics along with the appropriately developed scales were used in the data analysis. The findings revealed that respondents were moderately aware (0.44) of the significant roles of ICT tools. Respondents do have more knowledge on the radio (0.87), TV (0.85), and mobile phones (0.76), whereas the majority possess TV (94%), radio (93%), and mobile phones (88%) among ICT tools. Farmers from Bardiya were more aware of the roles of ICT as compared to other study districts. Likewise, Radio and TV were the primary ICT tools used for agriculture-related information. Respondents had high skills in using radio and TV for information but poor skills in using the computer in all study districts. Most of the respondents positively perceived (0.14) ICT tools and were satisfied (0.23) with them, but their use was limited to radio, TV, and mobile phones. In addition, farmers of Kapilbastu districts were less satisfied with the use of ICT tools as compared to other study districts.
The Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Leaching Ratio on Some Yield Parameters in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)
Authors: Avcı Sertan , Yurtseven Engin
Published: July 2022

This study was carried out over the experimental fields of Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture Gümüşdere Campus. Experiments were conducted with 3 different irrigation water salinity levels (S1=0.25 dS/m – control/tap water, S2=1.5 dS/m, S3=3.0 dS/m) and 4 different leaching ratios (LF1=10%, LF2 =20%, LF3 = 35%, LF4=50%) in randomized plots factorial experimental design with 3 replications. Totally, 36 (3×4×3) lysimeters were used in present experiments. Plant height, fresh and dry herbage yield and total ash content of alfalfa plants were analyzed. With increasing salinity levels, plant height, fresh and dry herbage yields decreased and total ash contents increased. Positive effects of leaching applications were observed, but this effect was not found to be significant. The main reason for this situation may be the necessity of a good drainage system for a good leaching application.
Performance of Broccoli Genotypes With Respect to Morphological, Phenological, Head and Yield Traits at Three Localities of Nepal.
Authors: Dahal Januka , Pandey Utshav , Bhandari Upakar , Koirala Utshab , Tiwari Sabina , Shrestha Suchit
Published: July 2022

Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. Italica) belongs to the family cruciferae which is mainly used as vegetable at its tender stage. The study was conducted to evaluate the morphological, phenological, head and yield traits of broccoli genotypes at Karma Innovative Research and Development Stations of Kathmandu, Kavre and Kaski district of Nepal from September 2019 to March 2020. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at each location. Genotypes, location and interaction between them showed significant variation on almost all parameters. BL-17001, BL-18012 and Centauro genotypes were observed with no lateral heads, which means low yield than other varieties. BL-16003 was observed with maximum yield (1.0 kg/plant at Kathmandu and kavre and 0.9 kg/plant at Kaski) at all locations comparing to other genotypes. Among high-yielding genotypes (BL-16003 and BL-18009) BL-16003 found as early maturing and also had lateral heads so, it can also be used for multi-harvesting. In addition, the height of this genotype was in the lower range with highest number of leaves. Thus, BL-16003 is found as the promising genotype at all localities.
Interaction between human-machine interface and avionics on aircraft cockpit
Authors:   National Academy of Aviation, Ismayilov Ismayil
Published: July 2022

The problem of the human factor, the negative impact of which is often associated with the psycho-physiological characteristics of a person, remains a priority in ensuring the safety of flight, as well as the crew in performing aircraft control operations. The study of the proposed approaches, methods and technical tools aimed at reducing the impact of the human factor on flight safety shows the insufficient effectiveness of available methodological tools in eliminating the “suddenly arising” unreliability of aviation personnel. This situation necessitates the development of an aircraft control system, taking into account the characteristics of all its components and the creation of a virtual pilot assistant interacting with the avionics system. The article discusses various aspects of the interaction of the pilot with the avionics system. It presents the concept of creating a virtual assistant to the pilot in his work on board using human-machine interfaces providing the possibility of observation, communication and flight control. The concept of a cognitive pilot-aircraft interface is proposed, which introduces knowledge-based adaptive functionality into the system to help the crew in performing important tasks which are critical in terms of flight safety.