bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La protección de datos personales en contextos de pandemia y la constitucionalización del derecho a la autodeterminación informativa
Authors: Álvarez-Valenzuela Daniel
Published: June 2020

El 2020 será un año inolvidable en muchos sentidos. A la pandemia generada por el COVID-19 y al confinamiento parcial de las personas para intentar detener su propagación —parcial porque todavía una buena parte de la población, al menos en Chile y América Latina, debe salir de sus hogares para buscar el sustento diario— debemos sumar, en lo que al derecho y la tecnología le compete en este contexto, un embate fuerte y la instalación —a veces fallida y otras tantas exitosa— de una supuesta tensión entre los derechos a la privacidad y a la protección de datos personales con el valor de la seguridad, en este caso, en su acepción seguridad sanitaria. En el plano normativo, en junio de 2020 se cumplieron dos años de la entrada en vigencia de la reforma constitucional que consagró el derecho a protección de los datos personales en Chile, al incorporarla expresamente en el numeral 4 del artículo 19 de la Constitución vigente.
La tradición formalista en la enseñanza del derecho y su impacto en la formación práctica
Authors: Ramallo María de los Ángeles
Published: June 2020

En este artículo me propongo reflexionar en torno a la implementación de métodos de enseñanza práctica del derecho en instituciones universitarias tradicionales en el contexto argentino. Para ello, tomaré como caso de estudio la “Práctica Profesional” de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, una instancia obligatoria al finalizar la carrera de Abogacía en el marco de un servicio de patrocinio jurídico gratuito. Llegaré a la conclusión de que, si bien se destacan aspectos positivos, aún existen muchas tensiones a superar. Trazando una línea entre dichas tensiones y las prácticas tradicionales de enseñanza en las que están inmersas, propondré algunas sugerencias para el desarrollo de un modelo superador.
Leaf nutrient status of some grafted-pear rootstocks influenced by different soil types
Authors: Mirabdulbaghi Mitra
Published: June 2020

Aim of study: Determining leaf nutrient status of some grafted-pear rootstocks grown under different calcareous soil types.Area of study: The Horticultural Research Station of Kamalabad, Karaj, Iran.Material and methods: Leaf mineral element concentrations were determined in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018. Leaf sampling was carried out about 90 days after full bloom. The N-content was estimated by the Kjeldahl method. Total concentration of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were also determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were analyzed using the flame photometry. The deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) and its correlation with the ΣDOP of macro- and micro-nutrients were used to determine the nutritional status of the studied plants.Main results: In clay loamy soil pyrodwarf rootstock, which was grafted with 'William Duchess' scion, presented a more suitable balanced nutritional index than other rootstocks/scion combinations. The OHF69 rootstock grafted with 'Daregazi' offered better balanced nutritional values in fairy lime silt-loamy soil, whereas the pyrodwarf rootstock grafted with 'Louise Bonne' scion in less lime silt-loamy soil was found to have higher values than other studied rootstocks/scion combinations in terms of nutrient concentration.Research highlights: The study determined effective solutions to the field problems of calcium carbonate equivalent which distinctly affect the soil properties related to plant growth. It also revealed the most suitable pear rootstock/scion combinations in different calcareous soil types for orchard establishment in arid and semi-arid regions.
Political Connection and Firm’s Performance Among Malaysian Firms
Authors: Azmi Nurul Azlin , Zakaria Nor Balkish , Sata Fazrul Hanim Abd , Sanusi Zuraidah Mohd
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of political connections on firms’ performance by controlling the effect of board attributes and firms’ characteristics. Specifically, it is argued that politically connected firms enjoy a lot of benefits from the government and said to provide greater chances for the firms to increase their wealth. By using 156 public listed firms between the study period of 2012 to 2017, this study maps out political connection based on the 13th Malaysian general election. The results reveal that the appearance of political connections on board gives significant and negative effect on Tobin Q, while significant and positive effect on Return on Asset (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Board independence is also significant to firms’ performance. This result implies that political connection is a favour for a better firm’s performance and not to firm’s value. The findings have an important implication to investors as it suggests that firms with political connection on board perform better.
A Social Entrepreneurship Case Study of the “Pertubuhan Kebajikan Anak Yatim Islam Segamat” Orphanage in Malaysia
Authors: Zainon Saunah , Ismail Rina Fadhilah , Yoke Soo Kum , Ahmad Haryati , Suhadak Nurulzulaiha Saudah
Published: June 2020

Most orphanages in Malaysia are run by means of charitable donations. However, the donations and contributions collected are usually not regular or one-off. This has led to orphanages being in a run-down state and ill-equipped. The care given to orphans is important as part and parcel of their human rights to be treated and given a fair chance of living with the rest of the human race. As such, this paper aims to investigate the role of social entrepreneurship in providing care for orphans. Particularly, the paper will focus on an orphanage – “Pertubuhan Kebajikan Anak Yatim Islam Segamat” (PKAYIS) which is located in the state of Johor. PKAYIS has provided shelter for 68 orphans and through charitable donations has been running successfully since 1983. The orphanage has been able to successfully bring up orphans who have succeeded academically and found successful careers in life. Based on the theoretical framework on social entrepreneurship and orphans, observation methods and interviews were carried out to supply relevant information and data for the study. This paper will provide some insights on how social entrepreneurship affects the society and would be beneficial for policy makers interested in adopting social entrepreneurship as a mean of care for orphans.
Bioimpedance Analysis for Predicting Outcomes of Complex Decongestive Therapy for Gynecological Cancer Related Lymphedema: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Bae Su Hwan , Kim Won Jun , Seo Yu Jin , Kim JaYoung , Jeon Jae Yong
Published: June 2020

Objective To determine whether the bioimpedance analysis (BIA) ratios of upper to lower extremities could predict treatment outcomes after complex decongestive therapy (CDT) for gynecological cancer related lymphedema (GCRL).Methods A retrospective study, from March 2015 to December 2018, was conducted. The study sample comprised patients receiving CDT, 30 minutes per day, for 10 days. Bioimpedance was measured pre- and post-CDT. Circumference measurements were obtained at 20 and 10 cm above the knee (AK) and 10 cm below the knee (BK). We calculated the expected impedance at 0 Hz (R0) of extremities and upper/lower extremity R0 ratios (R0U/L). We evaluated the relationship between R0U/L and changes in R0U/L and circumferences, pre- and post-CDT.Results Overall, 59 patients were included in this study. Thirty-one lower extremities in 26 patients comprised the acute group, and 38 lower extremities in 33 patients comprised the chronic group. Pre-treatment R0U/L was significantly correlated with R0U/L change after adjusting for age and BMI (acute: R=0.513, p<0.01; chronic: R=0.423, p<0.01). In the acute group, pre-treatment R0U/L showed a tendency to be correlated with circumference change (AK 20 cm: R=0.427, p=0.02; AK 10 cm: R=0.399, p=0.03).Conclusion Our study results suggested that pre-treatment BIA could predict volume reductions after CDT in the early stages of GCRL. These findings implied that BIA value could be one possible parameter to apply in treatment outcomes prediction, during the early stage of GCRL. Therefore, further large-scale prospective studies will be beneficial.
La place de la grammaire dans un répertoire de stratégies pédagogiques pour développer la compétence scripturale des élèves
Authors: Marcotte Sylvie
Published: June 2020

Nous proposons un répertoire organisé de stratégies pédagogiques pour développer la compétence scripturale des élèves, dont l’organisation est fondée empiriquement et interprétable conceptuellement. Nous faisons une analyse secondaire des données collectées par le groupe DIEPE (1995). Les résultats de l’analyse factorielle exploratoire des réponses des 300 enseignants de français langue première du secondaire québécois montrent qu’elles sont organisées en onze facteurs. Nous discutons de la place de la grammaire dans ce répertoire et des logiques sous-jacentes à l’organisation empirique des stratégies pédagogiques utilisées en classe.
Diallel Cross in Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Evaluation of Their Progenies Under Deficit Water Stress
Authors: Rahimi Darabad Ghasem , Hassandokht Mohammad Reza , Hassanpanah Davoud , Mousavi Amir
Published: June 2020

This study was performed to assess superior potato clones for agronomic traits and water deficit stress tolerance in laboratory and greenhouse settings over 3 years (2016–2018). Four cultivars, ‘Satina,’ ‘Caesar,’ Savalan,’ and ‘Agria’ were used as parents and crossed by mutual hybridization based on a diallel cross using the Griffing III method. Of 279 successful crosses, 7,980 true potato seeds from 12 breeding populations were obtained, from which 2,313 seeds germinated and 244 hybrids were selected. The selected hybrids were cultured in triplicate in a splitplot based on a randomized complete block design. The main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation (100%, 80%, and 60% of available water) and a subfactor of 12 populations (♀‘Agria’ × ‘Satina’♂, ♀‘Agria’ × ‘Caesar’♂, ♀‘Agria’ × ‘Savalan’♂, ♀‘Satina’ × ‘Agria’♂, ♀‘Satina’ × ‘Caesar’♂, ♀‘Satina’ × ‘Savalan’♂, ♀‘Caesar’ × ‘Satina’♂, ♀‘Caesar’ × ‘Agria’♂, ♀‘Caesar’ × ‘Savalan’♂, ♀‘Savalan’ × ‘Satina’♂, ♀‘Savalan’ × ‘Agria’♂, and ♀‘Savalan’ × ‘Caesar’♂). In all three environmental conditions, the highest tuber yield and tuber weight per plant were related to ♀‘Agria’ × ‘Caesar’♂. The most general combining ability that produced positive and significant tuber yield in mild and severe stress conditions was in ‘Agria’ and ‘Caesar’ cultivars. Therefore, these cultivars can easily transfer these traits to offspring and increase the expression of these traits. The specific combining ability between potato cultivars had positive and significant effects on tuber yield under the growth conditions tested. These crosses can be used for the production of drought resistant potato clones.
Taxation of the agent in the logistics model based
on dropshipping
Authors: Sobiech Agnieszka , Sobiech Maciej
Published: June 2020

In recent years, we have observed the development of a logistics model based on the so-called drop shipping.
The role of the online store comes down to take orders and send them to the supplier, which carries out the shipment
of the goods to the customer. The agent is easier to reach customers, often domestic consumers. The article
presents dropshipping models on the market and related tax eff ects in goods and services tax.
Manipulowanie informacją w sieci za pomocą fake newsów jako zagrożenie dla młodzieży
Authors: Szulc Marcin
Published: June 2020

Oprócz niewątpliwych korzyści płynących z użytkowania mediów cyfrowych nie można przejść obojętnie wobec zagrożeń, jakie ze sobą niosą. Dotychczas uwaga badaczy najczęściej skupiała się na cyberprzemocy i uzależnieniu. Obecnie coraz częściej dostrzega się nowe niebezpieczeństwo, jakim stała się łatwość multiplikowania nieprawdziwych informacji w sieci. Młodsze pokolenia, dla których Internet jest naturalnym źródłem pozyskiwania wiedzy o świecie, mogą przejawiać problemy z krytyczną oceną informacji, tym bardziej, że metody oceny wiarygodności treści wymagają wiedzy, zaangażowania, czasu, a przede wszystkim chęci odbiorcy, by podjął się ich weryfikacji. Problem wydaje się szerszy i nie dotyczy tylko nastolatków, coraz częściej bowiem osoby cechujące się dużą wiedzą i doświadczeniem życiowym wpadają w pułapkę fake newsów, zwłaszcza gdy informacje dotyczą sfer, w których nie są ekspertami. Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie zjawiska fake news, psychologicznych pobudek działania użytkowników świata cyfrowego nazywanych trollami oraz metod rozpoznawania nieprawdziwych informacji rozpowszechnianych w sieci.
Jak wspierać rozwój mądrej osobowości w całym cyklu życia? Recenzja książki Mądrość osobowości. Wspieranie osobowości i zapobieganie jej zaburzeniom w całym cyklu życia Heleny Janet Grzegołowskiej-Klarkowskiej
Authors: Dobrenko Kamila
Published: June 2020

Zadaniem tego tekstu jest przede wszystkim scharakteryzowanie wymienionej w tytule książki. Składa się ona z trzech części. Po krótkim wprowadzeniu (część I) relacjonuje najważniejsze, moim zdaniem, myśli zawarte w monografii, dodając do nich nieco własnych refleksji oraz odniesień do szerszego kontekstu zagadnień poruszanych w monografii (część II, najbardziej obszerna). Ostatnią, III część, stanowi zakończenie, gdzie zawarte są najważniejsze, o ile dobrze zrozumiałam, intencje Autorki, przesłania tej książki. Na końcu podsumuję również wrażenia, jakie zrobiła na mnie ta, według mnie, ważna książka.
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training with Eryngium Campestre on Lipid Profile and Glycemic Indices in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Ghadery Behnoush , Ghazalian Farshad , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Abed Natanzy Hossein , Shamsoddini Alireza
Published: June 2020

Background: Obesity is a multi-factorial physical disorder that results in high serum lipid levels and glycemic disorders. On the other hand, regular exercise and administration of Eryngium Campestre (EC) have glucose and lipid-lowering effects. Objectives: The present study aimed to review the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with EC on lipid profile and glycemic indices in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods: Twenty-four obese rats were divided into four groups, including: (1) control, (2) HIIT, (3) EC, and (4) HIIT+EC. To investigate the effect of obesity on research variables, six rats were assigned to a healthy control group. During six weeks, groups 2 and 4 received HIIT three days per week, and groups 3 and 4 received 30 mg/kg EC by gavage. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Obesity significantly increased cholesterol (Cho), triglyceride (TG), insulin, and glucose levels (P ≤ 0.05). However, HIIT significantly decreased Cho, TG, insulin, and glucose levels (P ≤ 0.05), and EC significantly decreased Cho, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin, and glucose levels (P ≤ 0.05). Besides, HIIT+EC significantly decreased LDL and insulin (P ≤ 0.05). HIIT+EC could decrease LDL more than did HIIT (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Although HIIT and EC alone improved the lipid profile and glycemic indices in obese rats, HIIT combined with EC had greater effects on the decrease of LDL compared to HIIT.
Prediction of Relapse After Antithyroid Drugs Withdrawal: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wang Pei-Wen
Published: June 2020

Context: Antithyroid drugs (ATD) are the first-line treatment for Graves’ disease (GD); however, relapse following treatment is approximately 30% - 40% in the first year, and 50% - 60% in the long term. Identification of risk factors that predict relapse, after discontinuing ATD, plays an important role in guiding therapeutic options. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was used to search for studies published in English between 1995 and 2019. The following search terms were used: Graves’ disease, antithyroid drugs, relapse, recurrence, and outcome. The reference lists from review articles were also included in the search in order to find older journals. Results: Factors associated with a high recurrence rate, as reported in most studies, were divided into phenotype and genotype predictors. Phenotype factors included large goiter size, persistence of high TSH receptor antibody (TRAb), severe hyperthyroidism, smoking, younger age, male sex, and prior history of recurrence. Genotype factors included human leukocyte antigen (HLA), CD40, CTLA-4, PTPN22, Tg, and TSHR genes. In a subgroup analysis by age, genetic factors were better predictors in the younger group, while clinical signs were more useful in the older group. The reliability of using individual baseline risk factors to predict subsequent relapse is poor; however, predictive scores calculated by grouping single risk factors might help to predict future outcomes. Conclusions: Longer normalization time of TRAb, the persistence of a palpable goiter, and harboring genetic risk factors in younger patients are associated with high recurrence rate of GD. Multi-marker prediction models have been proposed and validated to improve the predictive value of relapse after ATD withdrawal.
Effect of Diclofenac Gel Phonophoresis on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Prospective Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Fernandez-Cuadros Marcos Edgar , Casique Bocanegra Luz Otilia , Albaladejo-Florin Maria Jesus , Alava-Rabasa Sandra , Perez-Moro Olga Susana
Published: June 2020

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of pathologies that affect the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, and related structures and affect more than 25% of the general population. Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of ultrasounds (US) plus diclofenac gel 10% (phonophoresis) as a physical therapy available for the management of TMD based on pain amelioration and function recovery. Methods: Prospective quasi-experimental one-group before-after study. Outcome measures consist: (1) pain measured by Visual Analog scale (VAS); and (2) mouth opening by measuring lip to lip distance and interincisal distance in millimeters (mm); evaluated at the beginning/end of treatment. Twenty sessions (1 session per day) of continuous Ultrasound to intensity of 1 W/cm2/1 MHz/5 minutes over the affected joint, with Ultrasound gel (5 mL) and 10% diclofenac gel (5 mL) in a proportion of 1:1 as transducer medium. Results: A total of 50 consecutive patients were analyzed. Phonophoresis protocol was able to improve all outcome measures with a statistical difference. Pain evaluated by VAS was 6.67 ± 0.82 and decreased to 3.48 ± 0.8 points (P = 0.0000). Mouth opening by mean of lip-to-lip distance was 50 ± 8.23 mm that improved to 56 ± 6.2 mm (P = 0.0000) and by mean of interincisal distance was 37.9 ± 7.02 mm and increased to 44 ± 5.5 mm (P = 0.0000). Conclusions: Diclofenac phonophoresis is an effective physical therapy for the management of TMD, evaluated by pain improvement and function recovery.
Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Albumin Usage in a Teaching Hospital in Iran: The Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention
Authors: Noori Maede , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza , Rezaeimirghaed Omidvar , Moradi Omid , Saffaei Ali , Sahraei Zahra
Published: June 2020

Background: Albumin is a colloidal protein medication in which has a limited availability in market and it has a high cost. Albumin must be used in such approved indications as, large volume paracentesis, plasmapheresis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepato-renal syndrome. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of albumin utilization in a teaching hospital in Iran before and after guideline implementation. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 100 patients were enrolled into the study in Loghman Hakim Teaching Hospital. The medical records of patients were reviewed and some information such as demographic parameters, albumin indication, albumin therapy duration, appropriateness of indication, nutrition type were recorded in pre-intervention phase. Then in post-intervention phase, albumin was administered after clinical pharmacist teaching and guideline implementation. After post-intervention period, demographic parameters, albumin indication, albumin therapy duration, appropriateness of indication were recorded again. Results: In phase 1, albumin was mostly prescribed in inappropriate indications and internist physicians were the most physicians who ordered albumin and wound healing also was the most frequent indication for albumin therapy. This improvement also was significant (P < 0.05). Data showed that albumin indication in post-intervention was different from that in the pre-intervention phase. After clinical pharmacist intervention most of indications were appropriately. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in this hospital, albumin was prescribed inappropriately in most cases based on hospital guideline. This rate improved after clinical pharmacist intervention and resulted in significant reduction in albumin irrational utilization. It is advisable that albumin prescription must be monitored carefully by clinical pharmacists.
A Constructive Blended Approach to Ethical Reasoning: The Impact on Medical Students’ Reflection and Learning
Authors: Mosalanejad Leili , Ebrahimi Amir-Mohammad , Tafvizi Mansour , Zarifsanaiey Nahid
Published: June 2020

Background: Teaching medical ethics is currently one of the most essential parts of medical education. Objectives: The present study aimed to design a blended learning program based on a constructive approach to ethical reasoning and determine its effect on the students’ reflection and learning. Methods: This quasi-experimental, single-group, pretest-posttest study was conducted on 35 students who took the medical ethics course in a university of medical sciences. Case studies were presented to the students in a discussion forum, and the main concepts in question were then addressed through interactive lectures and group discussions. Data were collected using the Self-Reflection and Insight scale (SRIS) developed by Grant et al. to assess reflection, with 20 items in three domains. The students’ ethical reasoning was assessed using multiple-choice and open-ended questions and the Objective Structured Clinical examination (OSCE). The relationships between the tests were assessed by calculating the correlation between them. The results of the multiple-choice questions were compared with those of students in the previous year (with the same teacher and content), using the independent t-test. Results: Assessing the mean scores before and after the intervention showed a significant increase in the students’ reflection in all three domains, including the need for self-reflection, encouraging reflection, and insight after the intervention. The findings also showed a significant relationship between the students’ final scores and their virtual round and OSCE scores (P < 0.05). In the final theoretical test, the students’ mean scores were significantly higher than those of students in the previous year (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The proper use of technology with a blended learning approach can help improve the students’ quality of learning and reasoning.
Effect of Fluid Bolus on Clinical Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Bakshi Shubham , Koerner Taylor , Knee Alexander , Singh Rachana , Vaidya Ruben
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE Administration of fluid bolus in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is a common practice in the NICU, but one without clear evidence demonstrating benefits in clinical outcomes. On the contrary, recent observational studies have suggested a potential detrimental effect of empiric fluid bolus in preterm infants, especially in the absence of clear indications. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of fluid bolus on various clinical outcomes in VLBW infants.

METHODS Retrospective cohort study of VLBW infants born at ≤34 weeks' gestation and/or ≤1500-g birth weight at a single level III NICU from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013, and who received at least one fluid bolus within the first 48 hours of life. Outcomes studied were in-hospital mortality, need for home oxygen, incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD), prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

RESULTS Of 516 infants, 112 (21.7%) received a fluid bolus within the first 48 hours of life for various indications. Propensity models suggested no statistical difference for CLD or mortality, but exposed infants had an increased incidence of home on oxygen (p = 0.018), PDA prevalence (p = 0.008), and IVH prevalence (p = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONS Fluid bolus in the first 48 hours of life may be associated with increased incidence of need for home oxygen and higher prevalence of PDA and IVH in VLBW infants. Future studies are needed to address these important adverse outcomes.
Olanzapine-Induced Withdrawal Oculogyric Crisis in an Adolescent With a Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Liuzzo Kayley , Stutzman Danielle , Murphy James
Published: June 2020

This case report describes an adolescent female with a complex psychiatric history and Fragile X syndrome who developed an antipsychotic-withdrawal emergent oculogyric crisis (OGC) in approximately 12 hours following reduction in olanzapine dose from 20 mg total daily dose to 5 mg twice daily. The team concluded that the OGC was likely related to olanzapine withdrawal based on the following clinical factors: 1) prior treatment with olanzapine 20 mg for 4 to 5 days/week for several months, without such reaction; 2) proximity of the OGC to the olanzapine dose reduction (within 12 hours); and 3) lack of recurrence with olanzapine dose increase. Additionally, her neurodevelopmental disorder and age were identified as risk factors for an acute dystonic reaction. Published case reports describe withdrawal emergent dystonia, including OGC, following abrupt discontinuation of clozapine in adults. Given structural similarities of clozapine and olanzapine it can be postulated that this phenomenon is based in muscarinic receptor function—specifically, super-sensitized muscarinic receptors may react to excessive acetylcholine upon antipsychotic discontinuation, resulting in muscle motor end plate hyperactivity. Providers caring for pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental disorders should carefully consider risks for withdrawal emergent dystonia, obtain clear medication histories, and consider slow, conservative tapers when discontinuing antipsychotics.
LA EVALUACIÓN DURANTE: EL CORAZÓN DE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS HACIA UN MODELO GENERAL PARA LA CREACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Rodriguez Manuel Edeza
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho propõe a inclusão de um elemento considerado essencial nas políticas públicas: avaliação durante o processo de implementação, alerta sobre outros problemas que os acompanham e que não foram adequadamente resolvidos, como a correta identificação e delimitação do problema; seu nascimento e gestação; os tempos para o seu desenvolvimento; a falta de participação do cidadão, especialmente em sua construção e implementação, e a própria avaliação. Tomando como referência várias definições e processos, são sugeridos um novo modelo e um novo processo, onde a participação cidadã democrática é essencial. Isso não ocorre regularmente, e são discutidas políticas públicas entre ações governamentais que buscam apenas preservar o poder e não desenvolver o Estado, que deve ser seu principal objetivo. No final, percebe-se que definições multiconceptuais e a infinidade de processos propostos, ao mesmo tempo em que ajudam a enriquecer sua definição, tornaram possível a confusão e a ineficiência.
Dominating the Landscape – the emblematic Setting of Borgring and the Viking Age Ring Fortresses of Denmark
Authors: Ulriksen Jens Molter , Schultz Maja Kildetoft , Mortensen Morten Fischer
Published: June 2020

This study explores the underlying reasons behind the construction and topographical location of the Viking Age ring fortress, Borgring and the impact it had on the society on a regional scale. A key question is whether this manifestation of power is also expressing a disruption of the existing power structure in the region. The evidence from Borgring will be compared to the other four ring fortresses as well as other fortifications and large structures of the Viking Age in Denmark. In the end we will propose a new theory explaining the Viking Age ring fortresses along with other monumental structures dated to the reign of King Harald Bluetooth (c. AD 958 – AD 986/987) represent a manifestation of a new order of society instigated by the conversion of the King in AD 963. The shape, the size and the positioning of the structures in the landscape were premeditated to impress both locals and travellers following important roads throughout the realm and to remind them of the King´s presence and his power based on a new ideology.
La educación nutricional a partir del trabajo por proyectos en Educación Primaria
Authors: González Rodríguez Angustias , Travé González Gabriel H. , García Padilla Francisca Mª
Published: June 2020

La siguiente investigación indaga en la potencialidad de la perspectiva educativa de trabajo por proyectos para la educación nutricional. Se realiza un estudio de casos con el alumnado y profesorado de tercero de Educación Primaria utilizando diversos instrumentos de investigación como cuestionarios y entrevistas, entre otros. Entre los resultados se detectan mejoras en la calidad de la dieta, aumentando el consumo de frutas y verduras, reduciéndose el de golosinas, al tiempo que mejora la calidad del desayuno. Las conclusiones del estudio aluden a la idoneidad de la perspectiva educativa de trabajo por proyectos para el tratamiento de la educación alimentaria
Empatía, empatía histórica y empatía prehistórica: una aproximación conceptual desde la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: San Martín Zapatero Alberto , Ortega-Sánchez Delfín
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo presenta la evolución interdisciplinar del concepto de empatía y de sus contribuciones a la empatía histórica, con el objetivo de precisar el nuevo concepto de empatía prehistórica en el ámbito específico de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales. Para ello, se revisan las aportaciones de la escuela anglosajona y, particularmente, las desarrolladas en España desde el inicio de las corrientes de renovación de la enseñanza de la Historia hasta nuestros días, momento en que la relevancia social y educativa de la Prehistoria hace pertinente profundizar en su singularidad conceptual. La empatía prehistórica se nutre de la riqueza epistemológica del concepto de empatía, pero también dirige su mirada, desde distintos espacios educativos, a la implementación de metodologías activas, que incluyen la arqueología experimental y las técnicas propias de la dramatización.
Assessment of the groundwater quantitative status in the Aosta Plain (North-West Italy): applicability of the national guidelines defined by ISPRA
Authors: Stefania Gennaro A. , Bigoni Michele , Zanotti Chiara , Rotiroti Marco , Simonetto Fulvio , Capodaglio Pietro , Fumagalli Letizia , Bonomi Tullia
Published: June 2020

The EU Water Framework Directive requires Member States to assess the quantitative and qualitative status of groundwater bodies and to achieve a good status by 2027. The present study was developed in order to assess the groundwater quantitative status in the Aosta Plain (NW Italy), following the methodology proposed through a guideline defined by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), with the aim of supporting local authorities in their periodic assessment of water bodies status. In the study area, during the period 2000-2017, groundwater levels were measured in 213 wells and piezometers. Performing the four tests required by the abovementioned guideline, the quantitative status was assessed on the basis of multi-year groundwater level variations, water balance and the interconnections of groundwater with surface water bodies and groundwaterdependent ecosystems. A good status was assessed for the study area, although some critical aspects emerged from the application of the guideline methodology: the data collected by the monitoring network are not sufficiently robust in terms of sample size, spatial distribution, temporal interval and frequency to fulfill the requirements of the guideline methodology. Therefore, some recommendations to improve the data quality and better address the future assessment of groundwater quantitative status were given.
Transient role of the middle ear as a lower jaw support across mammals
Authors: Anthwal Neal , Fenelon Jane C , Johnston Stephen D , Renfree Marilyn B , Tucker Abigail S
Published: June 2020

Mammals articulate their jaws using a novel joint between the dentary and squamosal bones. In eutherian mammals, this joint forms in the embryo, supporting feeding and vocalisation from birth. In contrast, marsupials and monotremes exhibit extreme altriciality and are born before the bones of the novel mammalian jaw joint form. These mammals need to rely on other mechanisms to allow them to feed. Here, we show that this vital function is carried out by the earlier developing, cartilaginous incus of the middle ear, abutting the cranial base to form a cranio-mandibular articulation. The nature of this articulation varies between monotremes and marsupials, with juvenile monotremes retaining a double articulation, similar to that of the fossil mammaliaform Morganucodon, while marsupials use a versican-rich matrix to stabilise the jaw against the cranial base. These findings provide novel insight into the evolution of mammals and the changing relationship between the jaw and ear.
Structure of MlaFB uncovers novel mechanisms of ABC transporter regulation
Authors: Kolich Ljuvica R , Chang Ya-Ting , Coudray Nicolas , Giacometti Sabrina I , MacRae Mark R , Isom Georgia L , Teran Evelyn M , Bhabha Gira , Ekiert Damian C
Published: June 2020

ABC transporters facilitate the movement of diverse molecules across cellular membranes, but how their activity is regulated post-translationally is not well understood. Here we report the crystal structure of MlaFB from E. coli, the cytoplasmic portion of the larger MlaFEDB ABC transporter complex, which drives phospholipid trafficking across the bacterial envelope to maintain outer membrane integrity. MlaB, a STAS domain protein, binds the ABC nucleotide binding domain, MlaF, and is required for its stability. Our structure also implicates a unique C-terminal tail of MlaF in self-dimerization. Both the C-terminal tail of MlaF and the interaction with MlaB are required for the proper assembly of the MlaFEDB complex and its function in cells. This work leads to a new model for how an important bacterial lipid transporter may be regulated by small proteins, and raises the possibility that similar regulatory mechanisms may exist more broadly across the ABC transporter family.
Investigation of microbial community interactions between Lake Washington methanotrophs using ­­­­­­­genome-scale metabolic modeling
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mazharul , Le Tony , Daggumati Shardhat R. , Saha Rajib
Published: June 2020

Background

The role of methane in global warming has become paramount to the environment and the human society, especially in the past few decades. Methane cycling microbial communities play an important role in the global methane cycle, which is why the characterization of these communities is critical to understand and manipulate their behavior. Methanotrophs are a major player in these communities and are able to oxidize methane as their primary carbon source.

Results

Lake Washington is a freshwater lake characterized by a methane-oxygen countergradient that contains a methane cycling microbial community. Methanotrophs are a major part of this community involved in assimilating methane from lake water. Two significant methanotrophic species in this community are Methylobacter and Methylomonas. In this work, these methanotrophs are computationally studied via developing highly curated genome-scale metabolic models. Each model was then integrated to form a community model with a multi-level optimization framework. The competitive and mutualistic metabolic interactions among Methylobacter and Methylomonas were also characterized. The community model was next tested under carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen limited conditions in addition to a nutrient-rich condition to observe the systematic shifts in the internal metabolic pathways and extracellular metabolite exchanges. Each condition showed variations in the methane oxidation pathway, pyruvate metabolism, and the TCA cycle as well as the excretion of formaldehyde and carbon di-oxide in the community. Finally, the community model was simulated under fixed ratios of these two members to reflect the opposing behavior in the two-member synthetic community and in sediment-incubated communities. The community simulations predicted a noticeable switch in intracellular carbon metabolism and formaldehyde transfer between community members in sediment-incubated vs. synthetic condition.

Conclusion

In this work, we attempted to predict the response of a simplified methane cycling microbial community from Lake Washington to varying environments and also provide an insight into the difference of dynamics in sediment-incubated microcosm community and synthetic co-cultures. Overall, this study lays the ground for in silico systems-level studies of freshwater lake ecosystems, which can drive future efforts of understanding, engineering, and modifying these communities for dealing with global warming issues.
Bite force data suggests relationship between acrodont tooth implantation and strong bite force
Authors: Jenkins Kelsey M. , Shaw Jack O.
Published: June 2020

Extant and extinct reptiles exhibit numerous combinations of tooth implantation and attachment. Tooth implantation ranges from those possessing roots and lying within a socket (thecodonty), to teeth lying against the lingual wall of the jawbone (pleurodonty), to teeth without roots or sockets that are attached to the apex of the marginal jawbones (acrodonty). Attachment may be ligamentous (gomphosis) or via fusion (ankylosis). Generally speaking, adaptative reasonings are proposed as an underlying driver for evolutionary changes in some forms of tooth implantation and attachment. However, a substantiated adaptive hypothesis is lacking for the state of acrodont ankylosis that is seen in several lineages of Lepidosauria, a clade that is plesiomorphically pleurodont. The convergent evolution of acrodont ankylosis in several clades of lepidosaurs suggests a selective pressure shaped the evolution of the trait. We hypothesize that acrodont ankylosis as seen in Acrodonta andSphenodon punctatus, is an adaptation either resulting from or allowing for a stronger bite force. We analyzed bite force data gathered from the literature to show that those taxa possessing acrodont dentition possess a stronger bite force on average than those taxa with pleurodont dentition. Dietary specialists with pleurodont dentition may also possess relatively high bite forces, though body size may also play a role in their ability to bite hard. Furthermore, our results have implications for the evolution of acrodont ankylosis and potential behaviors related to strong bite force that influenced the evolution of acrodonty within Acrodonta and Rhynchocephalia.
Deriving an Objective Criterion Contextualizing the Meaning of Lateral Entry Schemes
Authors: Jayalath Chandana , Kularatne L. W. S.
Published: June 2020

Lateral entry schemes are intended to admit meritorious Diploma holders to the second year/third semester of various Bachelor degrees in a given discipline. Lateral entry has been accepted as a mode of admission in principle by the Sri Lankan qualification framework. Lateral entry schemes have been basically introduced at medical faculties and agriculture faculties in a couple of universities in Sri Lanka. However, there was no proper review so far undertaken to assess the criterion adopted in admitting students. Thus, this study is to contextualize the meaning of lateral entry at the outset and reveal the level of emphasis given to lateral entry schemes in both local and international arena. A literature survey, desk review and an expert interview were conducted to expose a normative criterion of admission with a future direction.
Participação comunitária na gestão de recursos pesqueiros na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Amazônia Marajoara (PA)
Authors: Neves Evandro
Published: June 2020

As políticas ambientais brasileiras criadas no final do século XX influenciaram significativamente o manejo dos recursos naturais no país. Elas possibilitaram novos tipos de gestão ambiental e a criação de áreas protegidas, atualmente gerenciadas por meio de dispositivos de governança que envolvem a esfera institucional e os arranjos locais. O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC), especificamente as Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas (Resex), são exemplos-chave para pensar em como a governança territorial e ambiental, através de novos instrumentos, permite a gestão inovadora dos recursos naturais de modo sustentável, equitativo e compartilhado. Com base nessa premissa, o objetivo deste texto foi o de analisar a participação comunitária na gestão dos recursos pesqueiros na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Marajó (PA). Para atingir esse objetivo, pesquisas de campo ocorreram entre 2015 e 2019 com base na perspectiva metodológica do estudo de caso e de métodos qualitativos de pesquisa, focados em geografia. Foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante a pescadores artesanais e funcionários do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) e houve participação em reuniões internas dos comunitários e do Conselho Deliberativo.

Abstract

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHING RESOURCES IN SOURE MARINE EXTRACTIVE RESERVE, IN MARAJOARA AMAZON (PA)

Brazilian environmental policies created at the end of the twentieth century have significantly influenced the management of natural resource in the country. They have made possible new types of environmental management and the creation of protected areas that are currently managed through governance devices involving the institutional sphere and local arrangements. The National System of Conservation Units, specifically, Marine Extractive Reserves, are key examples for thinking about how environmental governance, through new instruments, allows for innovative sustainable resource management, which is at once sustainable, equitable and shared. Based on this premise, this paper aims to analyze the community participation in the management of the fishing resources in the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, Marajó (PA). To achieve this end, field researchs took place between 2015 and 2019 by using a case study methodological perspective and qualitative research methods, focused in geography. Moreover, I have applied semi structured interviews and participant observation with locals and Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation’s (ICMBio) staff and there was participation in the internal meetings of the locals and the Deliberative Council.
3D‐printed headrest for frameless Gamma Knife radiosurgery: Design and validation
Authors: Baltz Garrett C. , Briere Tina , Luo Dershan , Howell Rebecca M. , Krafft Shane , Han Eun Young
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Frameless Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) uses a moldable headrest with a thermoplastic mask for patient immobilization. An efficacious headrest is time consuming and difficult to fabricate due to the expertise required to mold the headrest within machine geometrical limitations. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed headrest for frameless Gamma Knife SRS that can overcome these difficulties.

Materials and methods

A headrest 3D model designed to fit within the frameless adapter was 3D printed. Dosimetric properties of the 3D‐printed headrest and a standard‐of‐care moldable headrest were compared by delivering a Gamma Knife treatment to an anthropomorphic head phantom fitted with an ionization chamber and radiochromic film. Ionization measurements were compared to assess headrest attenuation and a gamma index was calculated to compare the film dose distributions. A volunteer study was conducted to assess the immobilization efficacy of the 3D‐printed headrest compared to the moldable headrest. Five volunteers had their head motion tracked by a surface tracking system while immobilized in each headrest for 20 min. The recorded motion data were used to calculate the average volunteer movement and a paired t‐test was performed.

Results

The ionization chamber readings were within 0.55% for the 3D‐printed and moldable headrests, and the calculated gamma index showed 98.6% of points within dose difference of 2% and 2 mm distance to agreement for the film measurement. These results demonstrate that the headrests were dosimetrically equivalent within the experimental uncertainties. Average motion (±standard deviation) of the volunteers while immobilized was 1.41 ± 0.43 mm and 1.36 ± 0.51 mm for the 3D‐printed and moldable headrests, respectively. The average observed volunteer motion between headrests was not statistically different, based on a P‐value of 0.466.

Conclusions

We designed and validated a 3D‐printed headrest for immobilizing patients undergoing frameless Gamma Knife SRS.
Phase Selection, Lattice Distortions, and Mechanical Properties in High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Nutor Raymond Kwesi , Cao Qingping , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Dongxian , Fang Yunzhang , Zhang Yong , Jiang Jian-Zhong
Published: June 2020

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) composed of multiprincipal elements with near‐equiatomic ratio have gained numerous attention in recent years. The design concept and unique microstructure make them exhibit a wide range of attractive properties, promoting them suitable for most structural and functional applications. HEAs have four core effects: severe lattice distortion, high entropy, sluggish diffusion, and cocktail effects, which are all interconnected. Among these core effects, severe lattice distortion is seen as the most key factor in determining the properties of HEAs. Recent findings prove that phase selection in HEAs cannot be described by the maximized entropy theory alone. As such, the phase formation principles in terms of single‐phase and multiphase formation criteria are summarized. Severe lattice distortion affecting the mechanical properties and polymorphism of HEAs is reviewed. Several strategies, which have recently been successfully applied in overcoming the “strength–ductility trade‐off” in HEAs, are discussed. Some key unsolved questions concerning the lattice distortion in HEAs which could be interesting research topics in the future are suggested.