bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Alteration in Salivary Flow Rate Between Betal Nut/Gutkha Chewers with and Without OSMF, and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Lalfamkima F. , Bommaji Suresh Babu , Reddy Kailasa Kumar , Chalapathi K. Venkata , Patil Manisha B. , Patil Tejal R. , Nayyar Abhishek Sigh
Published: April 2021

Context:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) has infested the oral cavities of “betel nut” and “gutkha” chewers in a pandemic manner. It has one of the highest rates of malignant transformation among the various oral potentially malignant epithelial lesions. Chewing of gutkha alters the salivary parameters including salivary flow rate (SFR) as well as salivary pH.

Aim:

The present study intended to assess and compare the SFR between betel nut/gutkha chewers with and without OSMF and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a prospective case–control study comprising 90 individuals within an age range of 15–50 years who were divided into three groups with Group A consisting of 30 patients who were betel nut/gutkha chewers with OSMF, Group B consisting of 30 individuals who were betel nut/gutkha chewers but without OSMF and Group C consisting of 30 healthy controls who were included as normal controls. The assessment of the SFR was done and the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

The mean SFR in Group B patients was significantly more than Group A and Group C individuals. Moreover, the mean SFR in patients with OSMF Stage I was significantly more as compared to patients in Stage II and Stage III OSMF.

Conclusion:

We concluded that reduced SFR could be an initial subjective sign of OSMF. An early diagnosis and management of these changes can help such patients to improve their quality of life significantly and decreases the chance of the ongoing malignant transformation with early intervention.
Isolated Dural Metastasis in Breast Cancer after 22 Years and Approach to its Management
Authors: Mankada Sakina , Mehta Maitrik , Kichloo Amit , Pandya Akash , Prajapati Chinmay , Suryanarayana Ubrangala
Published: April 2021

Breast cancers are the second most common cause of intracranial metastasis, after lung cancer, mostly occurring in brain parenchyma. However, dural metastasis (DM) is a rare site representing only < 1% of all metastasis in breast cancers. Median age of occurrence of DM is after 2–3 years of primary diagnosis. DM is usually associated with other skeletal metastasis and isolated DM in a treated case of breast carcinoma is rarer. We report a case of DM in a 67-year-old female patient previously treated for breast cancer 22 years back. The patient underwent surgical excision for DM followed by whole brain radiation and is on palliative chemotherapy.
Relationship between alexithymia and depression
Authors: Sagar Rajesh , Talwar Shivangi , Desai Geetha , Chaturvedi Santosh K.
Published: April 2021

Alexithymia has been described as difficulty in expressing as well as experiencing feelings. It has been studied in relation with medical as well as psychological conditions and has been seen to impact treatment outcomes. The current review focuses on the relationship of alexithymia with depression and the role of culture in this relationship. The keywords for literature included terms such as depression, alexithymia, depression and alexithymia, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, assessing alexithymia and depression, and alexithymia as a trait. The main findings of the review were that alexithymia and depression are highly correlated, and severity of depression and gender are independently associated with alexithymia and may interfere with treatment outcomes.
Survival analysis of phacomorphic glaucoma at a tertiary hospital in North India
Authors: Gupta Richa , Agrawal Surabhi , Chauhan Lokesh
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:

To report the intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual outcomes in patients operated for phacomorphic glaucoma in a developing country

METHODS:

Patients undergone surgery for phacomorphic glaucoma between January 2015 and February 2018 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were reviewed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict final visual acuity with different preoperative variables. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was done to calculate survival probabilities at different time points.

RESULTS:

Presenting IOP of study eye was 38.3±13.4 mmHg with 97.91% (n=94/96) patients on AGMs (mean: 2.7±1.08). Mean duration of complaints was 7.7±6.3 days. The most common postoperative complication was severe anterior chamber inflammation with or without fibrin membrane (in 29.16% eyes). The mean follow-up period was 14.5±9.2 months. At the last visit, the CDVA was 20/30 or better in 54/96 (56.25%) eyes, the mean IOP was 13.6±2.6 mmHg and 30 (31.25%) eyes required additional AGM with the mean number being 1.5±0.6. Two eyes required trabeculectomies for IOP control. The mean survival time of complete and qualified success was 28.5±1.9 and 41.2±0.05 months respectively. The probability of complete and qualified success at month 42 was 11% and 98%. Duration of complains and VCDR were found to be associated with final visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a positive correlation between shorter duration of symptoms with post-operative visual gain, but the glaucomatous damage showed a plateau effect at the IOP of around 35 mmHg. It is not the level of IOP, rather its duration which determines the degree of visual loss.
Reactive Power Control for Wind Turbine using Exact Linearization Feedback
Authors: El azri Hicham , Nasser Tamou , Essadki Ahmed
Published: April 2021

The quality of service and the respect of contractual characteristics of the voltage is a major issue of the transmission system operator. In this context, the code requires that the wind turbine system participate in the regulation of the voltage. Any variation in voltage must be compensated by producing or absorbing reactive power. This article studies the modelling and control strategies of a wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator. It presents a linear quadratic regulator with integrator (LQI) and an exact linearization feedback (ELF) controller for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). In the ELF technique, the nonlinear model of DFIG is linearized and the reference of active and reactive powers values are calculated by using reactive power management algorithm.The simulation results show that the decoupling control strategy for DFIG is satisfactory and the predefined operating conditions are respected.
fuzzy approach for the variable cost and size bin packing problem allowing incomplete packing
Authors: Herrera-Franklin Jorge , Rosete Alejandro , García-Borroto Milton
Published: April 2021

The Variable Cost and Size Bin Packing Problem (VCSBPP) is a known NP-Hard problem that consists in minimizing the cost of all bins used to pack a set of items. There are many real-life applications of the VCSBPP where the focus is to improve the efficiency of the solution method. In spite of the existence of fuzzy approaches to adapt other optimization problems to real life conditions, VCSBPP has not been extensively studied in terms of relaxations of the crisp conditions. In this sense, the fuzzy approaches for the VCSBPP varies from relaxing the capacity of the bins to the items weights. In this paper we address a non-explored side consisting in relaxing the set of items to be packed. Therefore, our main contribution is a fuzzy version of VCSBPP that allows incomplete packing. The proposed fuzzy VCSBPP is solved by a parametric approach. Particularly, a fast heuristic algorithm is introduced that allows to obtain a set of solutions with interesting trade-offs between cost and relaxation of the original crisp conditions. An experimental study is presented to explore the proposed fuzzy VCSBPP and its solution.
DUCHENNE MUSKÜLER DİSTROFİLİ HASTALARINA BAKIM VEREN AİLE ÜYELERİNİN BAKIM YÜKÜ VE AİLE YILMAZLIK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: ARSLANTATAR İrem , ATASÜ TOPÇUOĞLU Reyhan
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırma, Duchenne Musküler Distrofili (DMD’li) bireylere bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım verme sürecinde karşılaştıkları güçlüklerin yanı sıra; bakım yükleri ve aile yılmazlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiselliği ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nicel araştırma yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada tarama modellerinden ''İlişkisel Tarama Modeli'' kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı İzmir Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kas Hastalıkları Merkezi’nden ve Türkiye Kas Hastalıkları Derneği İzmir Şubesi’nden 09.12.2019-12.03.2020 tarihleri arasında DMD tanısı nedeni ile hizmet alan hastaların bakımından birinci derece sorumlu olan ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 70 aile üyesi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak, Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği, Bakım Verenlerin Yükü Envanteri ve Aile Yılmazlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmamızda, DMD hastasına bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım verme yükü düzeyinin ''Orta-Hafif'' olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yılmazlık düzeyleri açısından, DMD hastasına bakım veren aile üyelerinin genel olarak ''yılmaz'' oldukları söylenebilmektedir. Araştırmamızda, DMD hastasına bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım verme yükü ile aile yılmazlık düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Ancak; Bakım Verenlerin Yükü Envanteri gelişimsel yük alt boyutu ile Aile Yılmazlık Ölçeği kontrol alt boyutu; duygusal yük alt boyutu ile özyetkinlik ve kontrol alt boyutları arasında negatif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular DMD'li bireylere bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım verme yükünün azaltılıp yılmazlık düzeylerinin arttırılmasına yönelik sosyal hizmet müdahale ve stratejilerinin ortaya koyulması ihtiyacını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, araştırmanın alana önemli katkılar sunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Alliance Contradiction: Tracing North Korea’s SLBM Development and Gap of Threat Perception between South Korea and the U.S.
Authors:   Korea Research Institute for Strategy, Ban Kil-joo
Published: April 2021

Without shared-threat perception, alliance fails to be formed and maintained. Meanwhile, as the U.S.’s diagnosis of the SLBM threat remains at odds with South Korea, an alliance contradiction emerges in the ROK-U.S. relations. Although the Trump administration allowed the ICBM-oriented threat perception to be in the works more seriously, this cleavage remains widespread in the U.S. This gap of threat can be conceptualized by ‘the discourse of threat exaggeration’ vs. ‘the discourse of faced reality,’ which has differences with seven items: directions, assumptions, threat range, red line, the potential to use nuclear weapons, approach, and countermeasures. The alliance contradiction is worsening amid a posture to downplay the North’s threat inside South Korea. As part of the efforts to reduce this gap and overcome the alliane contradiction, this paper attempts to diagnose Pyongyang’s aims of the nuclear program and lay out possible scenarios of its provocations, and then, come up with countermeasures.
China’s response to America’s China-exclusive multilateralism
Authors:   Korea Research Institute for Strategy, Choo Jae-woo
Published: April 2021

The United States finally ran out of patience on China. Former President Donald Trump undertook a striking measures to correct China’s compulsive bad behavior, not respecting international norms and rules, and institutions. His successor, Joe Biden, will inherit his China policy. Biden’s foreign policy will center around three pillars. First, it targets the communist/authoritarian regimes. In China’s case, it is the Chinese Communist Party. Second, the multilateralism adopted by the Biden administration bears a fundamentally different character from that of the conventionally defined one. It is rather exclusive and non-open to those who refuses to embrace democracy, freedom, human rights, market economy, and rule of law. Third, it will strive for a region ‘unconstrained by coercion,’ implying its commitment to defend collectively against any harm done to those defending the aforementioned values. In response, China will adhere to ‘exceptionalism’ to defend its national interests and to also expand its rights and enhance its voting powers in international institutions. It will be also applied to justifying the militarization efforts of the so-called “Belt and Road Initiative.” The paper concludes the strategic conflict will remain a perennial struggle till China shows its utmost respect to the aforementioned values.
Changes in China's nuclear strategy and Korea's security policy direction
Authors:   Korea Research Institute for Strategy, Park Byeung-chan
Published: April 2021

How is China's nuclear strategy changing and why should we be interested? In Northeast Asia's security reality, which seeks to exercise collective self-defense and strengthen its military power, the U.S., Russia, and Japan, which are traditional nuclear powers, we need to recognize and respond to military changes, especially when we do not have nuclear weapons. Since its first development of nuclear weapons in 1964, China has developed qualitatively and quantitatively in nuclear power, and its nuclear strategy has changed accordingly. China, which had been based on a small number of nuclear weapons since its first nuclear development until the 1960s, had a minimum level of deterrence through quantitative expansion of nuclear weapons and establishment of a “Nuclear Triad system.” This trend has moved on since the 1990s and has been modernized in terms of quality rather than quantitative changes in nuclear power. Having secured the reliability of deterrence through modernization, China began to reveal its nuclear capabilities, transforming it into a “minimum deterrence strategy based on visibility.” China's recent modernization of nuclear power and changes in its nuclear strategy are important issues that will directly and indirectly affect Northeast Asia and our security, and we have considered the implications for Northeast Asia's security. First, China's modernization of nuclear power could serve as a nuclear development driver for neighboring countries, and second, China's nuclear modernization process could serve as a role model for North Korea's future nuclear modernization and negotiations with neighboring countries. Third, recognition of the possibility of changes in China's nuclear strategy, and fourth, it showed that China's nuclear power modernization trend is increasing the possibility of future changes in its nuclear strategy. As a response to this, we need first multilateral cooperation and efforts to prevent nuclear proliferation and competition in Northeast Asia, second, diverse and flexible foreign strategies, third, risk distribution, fourth, recognition of the possibility of change in China's nuclear strategy and long-term military response in connection with the “Defense Reform 2.0”. There are many restrictions on finding a clear response from the perspective of the changing international order and the non-nuclear nation, but we should look beyond the perspective limited to the Korean Peninsula and clearly at the surrounding security situation. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to lead the security environment of Northeast Asia in our favor based on a clear understanding and evaluation of changes in China's nuclear power and nuclear strategy.
Yönetim Süreçleri Bağlamında Bilgievlerinin İncelenmesi: Küçükçekmece Belediyesi Örneği
Authors: TÖRE Esra , DEMİR Erdi
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı bilgievlerinin yönetim süreçlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Küçükçekmece Belediyesine bağlı 10 bilgievinde çalışan 1 koordinatör, 5 yönetici ve 5 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma grubuyla yapılan görüşmelerde karar verme, planlama, iletişim, örgütleme, etkileme, koordinasyon ve değerlendirme gibi yönetim süreçlerine dair özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Nitel Araştırma” yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. “Olgubilim/Fenomoloji” deseni kullanılmış ve “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme” tekniğinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada, katılımcılara 12 adet soru yöneltilmiş ve sorulara verilen yanıtlar analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, bilgievlerinde yönetim süreçleri açısından etkili olan en baskın unsurların “Kişi Odaklı” unsurlar olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yöneticilerin kişisel özelliklerinin ve yeterliliklerinin, yönetim süreçlerinin önemli bir kısmında etkin bir şekilde varlığını gösterdiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularından yola çıkılarak uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Hemşirelerin Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalara Yönelik Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞEN Esra , YURT Seher
Published: April 2021

Giriş: Kanıta dayalı uygulama, hemşirelik biliminde hızla artan araştırmaların ve araştırma sonuçlarının, klinik uygulamaya dönüştürülmesidir. Kanıta dayalı uygulamalar hemşirelerin otonomi kazanmaları için gerekli yetki arayışlarına yeni bir alternatif olmuştur. Amaç: Bu çalışmada, hemşirelerin kanıta dayalı hemşirelik uygulamalarına yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan çalışmanın örneklemini, İstanbul’da bir vakıf üniversitesi hastanesinde çalışan 92 hemşire oluşturdu. Araştırma Şubat-Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. Verilerin toplanmasında Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu ve ‘Kanıta Dayalı Hemşireliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’ kullanıldı, verilerin analizinde frekans, Kruskall Wallis testi ve Z skoru kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hemşirelerin %21.7’si lisans mezunu olduğu, %82.6’sının 10 yıldan az çalıştığı, %91.3’ünün bilimsel yayınları takip etmediği, %88’inin mesleki derneğe üye olmadığı, %53.3’ünün kanıta dayalı uygulama dersi almadığı, %88’inin bilimsel araştırmaya katılmadığı ve %62’sinin kanıta dayalı uygulamaya yönelik hizmet içi eğitim almadığı belirlendi. Hemşirelerin ‘Kanıta Dayalı Hemşireliğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’ toplam puan ortalaması 51.33 ± 5.18 bulundu. Öğrenim düzeyi, görev süresi, hizmet içi eğitim, bilimsel araştırmaya katılım ve kanıta dayalı uygulama dersi alma durumları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edildi (p ˂ 0.05). Sonuç: Hemşirelerin kanıta dayalı hemşireliğe yönelik tutumları orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. Hemşirelerin kanıta dayalı uygulamaların yararlılığına inandıkları fakat kanıta dayalı inancın uygulamada davranış değişikliğine yol açmadığı sonucuna ulaşıldı. Araştırma sonuçları göz önüne alındığında; hemşirelere yönelik hizmet içi eğitim programlarında kanıta dayalı uygulamalara yer verilmesi, hastanelerde kanıta dayalı uygulama komitelerinin kurulması ve mentör hemşirelerin yetiştirilmesi, hastanelerin lisans ve lisansüstü hemşireleri daha fazla istihdam etmeleri önerilebilir.
Çocukluk Çağı Kanserlerinden Sağ Kalanların İzlemi ve Pediatri Hemşiresinin Rolü
Authors: ARPACİ Tuba , ALTAY Naime
Published: April 2021

Çocukluk çağı kanserlerinde 5 yıllık sağkalım oranları önemli ölçüde artmış ve sağ kalanların fiziksel ve psikososyal sağlığının sürdürülmesi ön plana çıkmıştır. Sağ kalan çocuk ve adölesanlar uzun dönemde kanserin kendisi ve tedavi maruziyetine bağlı birçok sorunla karşılaşmaktadır. Tedavinin tamamlanmasından yıllar sonra dahi ortaya çıkabilen kardiyak, endokrin, nörolojik, bilişsel, psikolojik ve sosyal geç etkiler sağ kalanların yaşamında önemli kısıtlılıklara neden olabilmektedir. Uzun süreli izlemler ile geç etkilerin önlenmesi ve erken dönemde saptanması, çocuğun fiziksel ve psikososyal gereksinimlerinin karşılanması, çocuk ve ailenin sosyal yaşama uyumu ve çocuğun ikincil risklerden korunması için sağlıklı yaşam tarzının kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. İzlemlerin etkin bir şekilde sürdürülmesi için kanıt temelli yaklaşımlara dayandırılması ve multidisipliner ekip tarafından yürütülmesi gerekmektedir. Sağ kalanlara uzun dönemde bütüncül ve aile merkezli bakımın sunulmasında pediatri hemşiresi önemli role sahiptir. Hemşire standart rehberler ışığında oluşturduğu bireyselleştirilmiş bakım planlarıyla sağ kalanların gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu makalede çocukluk çağı kanserlerinden sağ kalanlarda izlemin önemi, kapsamı ve izlemlerde hemşirenin rolü ele alınmıştır.
Covid-19 Sürecinde Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Görüşleri ve Kaygı Düzeyleri
Authors: DURGUN Hanife , CAN Tayfur , AVCI Ayşe Betül , KALYONCUOĞLU Betül
Published: April 2021

Giriş: Covid -19 pandemisiyle birlikte tüm eğitim düzeylerinde eğitimin devamlılığının sağlanabilmesi amacıyla uzaktan eğitim yaygın şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Amaç: Araştırma, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşleri ile kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı türde gerçekleştirilmiş olan araştırma Mayıs-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evrenini 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde Türkiye’de hemşirelik bölümünde lisans öğrenimi görmekte toplam 85.162 öğrenci, örneklemi ise; evrende eleman sayısı bilinen formüle göre hesaplanan toplam 810 hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturdu. Veri toplama, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Görüşler Ölçeği ve Durumluluk Süreklilik Kaygı Envanteri kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, sayı, yüzde, ortalama ve t testi, Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis Testi ve Oneway Anova kullandı. Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin, uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşler ölçeği puan ortalamasının 46.35 ± 9.13, Durumluluk Kaygı Envanteri puan ortalamasının 47.66 ± 11.91, Süreklilik Kaygı Envanteri puan ortalamasının 46.39 ± 8.42, Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Görüşler Ölçeği ile Durumluluk Kaygı puanları arasında negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki (r = -.22, p = .001), Süreklilik Kaygı puanları arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu fakat bu ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı (r = -.02, p = .524), uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşler ölçeği ile sınıf durumu arasında, durumluluk ve süreklilik kaygı envanteri ile gelir düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin, uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşleri, durumluluk ve süreklilik kaygı düzeyleri orta düzeydedir. Öğrenciler uzaktan eğitime yönelik olumlu görüşe sahip oldukça kaygı düzeyleri azalmaktadır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik olumlu tutumlarının devam ettirilebilmesi ve kaygı düzeylerinin alt seviyede tutulabilmesi için otoriterelerin önerdiği çözüm önerilerinin göz önünde bulundurulması ve uygulamalı derslerin uygulama kısımlarının telafi eğitimleriyle tamamlanması önerilebilir.
Античная цивилизация: аристократия духа vs военно-политический нобилитет
Authors: Khlyshcheva Elena V.
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу качества древнегреческой и древнеримской аристократической культуры. Рассматриваются ведущие ценности греческой аристократии - «аретэ», калокагатия, этос. Воспитание эстетических взглядов, социальная ответственность и хорошее образование способствовали формированию аристократии духа. Именно греческие аристократы создали высокую культуру, являющуюся основанием мировой классики.
В противоположность Греции, аристократизм в Риме обуславливается происхождением и материальным состоянием. Практически все достижения в науке, философии, искусстве было заимствовано у греков и низведено до уровня, доступного массовому сознанию. Римские аристократы любили комфорт и роскошь, уделяя большое внимание общественной жизни и военной карьере. В Римской империи материальный прогресс опережал духовное развитие общества. И если древняя Греция продемонстрировала всему миру аристократию духа, создавшую высокую культуру, ставшую основой мирового классического наследия, то в древнем Риме основным занятием аристократов была политика и война.
Транснациональные элиты в системе геополитических координат
Authors: Golovin Vyacheslav G. , Golovina Ekaterina E.
Published: April 2021

В современном динамично изменяющемся мире проблематика исследований феномена транснациональных элит (ТНК-элиты) остается одной из приоритетных. Нарождающиеся новые мирохозяйственный и технологический уклады объективно размывают национальные границы, транснациональные корпорации и их элиты трансформируются в «глобальный» сегмент мировой геополитики и геоэкономики.
Достижение всеобъемлющего глобального доминирования во всех сферах жизнедеятельности позволяет рассматривать ТНК-элиты в качестве важнейших негосударственных акторов мировой политической системы. Одновременно, с использованием накопленных геоэкономических ресурсов создается геофинансовое пространство, особое место в котором занимает финансовый капитал, финансовые потоки и фиктивный капитал. Сформировались геополитические коммерческие реальности - геоэкономический и геофинансовый мир.
Современные интернет-технологии приводят к формированию новой разновидности элит - «цифровая элита», а последние - сверхновый виртуальный геополитический мир. Глобальные ТНК, не имея границ, характеризуются всеобъемлющим характером. Цифровые и информационные технологии располагают практически безграничными ресурсами и возможностями формирования виртуальных социально-экономических отношений, виртуальной мировой экономики, виртуальных денег, фиктивного и виртуального капитала.
В результате создаются суперновые информационные сетевые пространства и новые ценности, которые формируют благоприятную почву для процветания постмодернистской философии. Поэтому нарождающаяся «цифровая элита», как новая геополитическая реальность, должна нести ответственность за объективное философское понимание общественной жизни нового мира.
Транснациональные элитные группы: группа Ватикан
Authors: Vartumyan Arushan A.
Published: April 2021

В представленной статье отражены перемены в экономической, социальной, политической сферах в процессе глобального развития. В современном мире происходят серьёзные изменения в традиционной системе общества, которые являются следствием возрастания роли корпораций не только в мировой экономике, но и в политике. Образовываются транснациональные элиты, влияющие на экономические и политические процессы в мире. Из крупных транснациональных элит выделяются группа «ВАТИКАН», которая функционирует более 1000 лет и является крупнейшей финансово-экономической структурой. Группа ВАТИКАН имеет широко разветвлённую сеть представительств во всем мире и оказывает существенное влияние на экономическую и политическую стабильность в различных регионах.
Experiencias en la selección de sensores para el sistema de determinación de orientación de satélites pequeños tipo CubeSat
Authors: Arévalo David , Hurtado Ronald
Published: April 2021

Un sistema de orientación activo para satélites es prioritario cuando se desea apuntar algún instrumento, como una cámara para obtener imágenes de la superficie terrestre. Los métodos que guían la implementación de los sensores para sistemas de orientación están formulados para programas y proyectos espaciales en los cuales los satélites son de gran tamaño, con amplios recursos económicos y humanos, esos métodos no se pueden implementar en su totalidad en un proyecto CubeSat con recursos limitados. Nuestra propuesta empieza con una definición y análisis de requerimientos. Se seleccionaron algunos sensores para la realización de experimentos y toma de medidas para el diseño y desarrollo de una tarjeta de circuito impreso que permita la integración de los sensores del sistema de orientación y se comunique con el computador del satélite. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en la evaluación de los sensores y consideraciones de diseño para su implementación en un sistema de control y determinación de orientación para satélites peque~nos. Además de la selección de los componentes, presentamos las fases de requerimientos, selección de componentes y consideraciones de diseño para el uso de los sensores del sistema de orientación del satélite. Consideramos que nuestra experiencia es útil para grupos de trabajo con poca experiencia o que quieren incursionar en una misión satelital pequeña con el desarrollo de su sistema de orientación.
Estrategia de carga inteligente de vehículos eléctricos para múltiples agregadores, utilizando optimización heurística
Authors: Méndez Carlos , Mejía Jerson , Rivera Sergio , Coria Gustavo
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo propone una solución, mediante métodos heurísticos, al problema de carga de 150 vehículos eléctricos, a través de 32 agregadores dependientes de un transformador principal. La solución propuesta esté basada en estudios realizados con anterioridad para un método de optimización analítica, que funciona hasta con un máximo de 7 agregadores. Esta solución se logra mediante el uso de ecuaciones lineales que limitan el costo y la carga disponible para el sistema, mediante el uso de la función “fmincom” del software Matlab®, que utiliza métodos de solución analíticos de optimización. Adicionalmente, se realiza una estrategia de optimización heurística basada en el método DEEPSO (combinación de enjambre de partículas y evolución diferencial) y usando las mismas restricciones pero verificando que la estrategia cumpla el objetivo propuesto. Se muestran gráficas de los resultados obtenidos en la optimización, y se realiza un análisis comparativo de los métodos.
Lineamientos para la conservación de Quercus humboldtii (Fagaceae) en la provincia del Guavio, Cundinamarca
Authors: Bossa Cárdenas Raúl , Garavito Guerrero Beatriz Amalia , López-Camacho Rene
Published: April 2021

El roble Quercus humboldtii es una especie endémica de las tierras altas de los Andes, al norte de Sudamerica, en Colombia está clasificada en estado de amenaza vulnerable (VU-A2-cd). En este estudio determinamos la ubicación espacial, el estado actual y los factores de amenaza que presentan las poblaciones de roble en la provincia del Guavio, de niendo lineamientos de conservación para esta especie. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante el levantamiento de 30 transectos de 50 x 2 m, registrando la altura, el diámetro a la altura de pecho (DAP) y el estado tosanitario de 411 individuos. Simultáneamente, se realizaron 90 encuestas a la comunidad para evaluar el conocimiento acerca de la especie. Se obtuvo una estructura poblacional con cinco categorías etarias (juvenil-I, juvenil-II, adulto-I, adulto-II, adulto-III). El mayor porcentaje de individuos se agrupó en las categorías juvenil-I (44 %) y juvenil-II (23 %). Además, se identificaron los principales aspectos de presión que afectan a la especie en la provincia, determinando un valor de amenaza alto para la especie. Finalmente, se estructuraron los lineamientos de conservación en cinco ejes de acción: investigación y monitoreo, conservación in situ y ex situ, manejo sostenible de la biodiversidad, educación y concienciación, y conexiones interinstitucionales.
Kur’an’daki İletişim Yöntemlerinin Toplumsal Bütünleşmeye Olan Katkıları
Authors: ERSÖZ Fatma Bervan , ÖGE Ali
Published: April 2021

Kur’an, iletişimi toplumsal bütünleşme için vazgeçilmez bir unsur olarak görür. İnsan sosyal bir varlıktır. Bu nedenle hayatını sürdürebilmesi için toplumsal bir yaşama ihtiyaç duyar. Toplumsal bir yaşam ise insanlar ve milletler arasında iletişimi zorunlu hale getirir. İletişim, bireylerin ve milletlerin ilişkilerinde toplumsal bütünlük oluşturan bir araçtır. Toplumsal birlik ve dayanışma, sosyal bir iletişim sayesinde mümkün olur. Bu anlamda Kur’an’ın ortaya koyduğu iletişim; çok yönlü, doğruluk, iyiliğe, barışa götüren, birlik şuurunu geliştiren, sosyal uyum ve bütünlük oluşturmaya yöneliktir. Evrensel bir iletişim özelliğine sahip olan İslam dini, iletişime yeni bir boyut ve gelenek getirmiştir. Kur’an, insanların toplumsal yaşamlarını düzenleyen ve farklı birçok grubun bir arada yaşamasını mümkün kılan bir sistem oluşturmuştur. Müslümanları din kardeşliği vasfı ile; insanlığı da tek nefisten yaratılma sebebiyle insanlık ailesi etrafında toplayarak sosyal bütünlük inşa etmiştir. İnsanlık ailesinin üyesi olan her birey; din, dil, ırk ve kültür gibi olgular sebebi ile farklı niteliklere ve düşüncelere sahip olsa da bu farklılıklar toplumsal olarak ayrışma sebebi olarak değerlendirilmez. Kur’an, bu farklılıkları insanların ve toplumların tanışma ve kaynaşmaya vesile olarak görülmesi gerektiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Çalışmada Kur’an’ın öngördüğü iletişim unsurlarının toplumsal bütünleşmeye katkısının mahiyeti ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Kur’ân’ı Anlama Faaliyetleri
Authors: KARAGÖZ İsmail
Published: April 2021

Yüce Allah, Kur’ân-Kerim’i bütün insanlara rehber olarak göndermiş, Allah kelamıdır. İnsanların kitabın rehberliğinden faydalanabilmeleri için onu anlamaları gerekir. Kur’ân’ı şüphesiz en iyi anlayan ve anlatan, Kur’ân’ın tebliğ ve tebyin etme görevi bulunan Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s)’dir. Peygamberimizin vefatından sonra sahabeden itibaren günümüze kadar Kur’ân’ı anlama çalışmaları devam etmiştir. İlk devirlerden itibaren müşrikler gibi Kur’ân’ı Kerimi peygamber sözü olarak anlayanlar olduğu gibi süreç içerisinde Kur’ân’a tarihsel bir kitap olarak bakanlar, bir kısım hükümlerinin değişmesi gerektiğini ve kıssalarının yaşanmış olaylar değil, temsili olduğunu söyleyenler de olmuştur. Diğer yandan bilgi ve anlama kapasitesinden veya Kur’ân’ın çok veya zıt anlamlı veya anlamı açık seçik olmayan kelime ve cümlelerinden kaynaklanan farklı yorumlar da olmuştur. Bu çalışma sahabe döneminden günümüz kadar Kur’ân’a yaklaşımlar ve bazı ayetlerin niçin farklı anlaşıldığı üzerinde durulmuştur.
Treating Resistance as Data in Qualitative Interviews
Authors: Kizlari Dimitra , Fouseki Kalliopi
Published: April 2021

Scientific interviews provide a useful resource for qualitative researchers studying people’s perceptions on contemporary phenomena. This article contributes to the large body of literature on qualitative interviews by investigating a rather common but under-reported pattern in interviews, that of resistance. Resistance is a form of power that the participant maintains and can exercise at any moment. The phenomenon knows various expressions from a refusal on the side of the participant to sign the consent form to question dodging or embellished accounts. Two case studies are used to underpin the basic argument that resistance in interviews may be a valuable finding in itself if contextualized properly.
Turkish-Speaking Service-User Experience of Guided Self-Help in an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Service: Using Discovery Interviews to Improve Services
Authors: Christodoulou Vasiliki , Fortune Lorna , Arslan Gozde , Koc Canan
Published: April 2021

Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) delivers guided self-help (GSH) interventions in the United Kingdom (UK). A minority service-user group for whom we know little of their engagement with GSH are Turkish-speaking users. The study aimed to better understand Turkish-speaking service-users experience of a GSH intervention in an IAPT service and identify possible service improvements. A discovery interview method facilitated service-users to describe their experience of GSH. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Excerpts of service-user narratives and thematic commonalities across interviews were disseminated in clinical teams and informed service improvements. Participant distress was expressed through somatic complaints, a high level of confusion and inactivity. Engagement with GSH was affected by ambivalent help-seeking and sense of limited self-efficacy. Service improvements aimed to address a widespread sense of confusion and anxiety. Listening to service-user experience provides opportunities for mending communication gaps between services and ethnic minority service-users.
Using Skype as a Qualitative Interview Medium within the Context of Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlKhateeb Maryam
Published: April 2021

This research note reports the results of using Skype as a medium to conduct semi-structured interviews in qualitative studies within the context of Saudi Arabia. Skype audio-only interviews were used to explore the concept of privacy from the perspective of female users in the context of the spatial design of contemporary Saudi houses. The use of Skype audio-only, although accidental, turned out to be fortuitous. The researcher’s study design called for all face-to-face interviews, but due to the location of the researcher and participants and study time frame, some of the interviews were conducted face-to-face and the others were audio only Skype calls. The researcher went through the experience of being on both sides of the audio-only-Skype-call, as the interviewer and as the participant. Then there was an opportunity for the researcher to experience being an interview participant in a research that encountered some similarities to the one she had conducted: medium and subject sensitivity. After going through different approaches in conducting interviews, the paper acknowledges the benefits provided when using Skype-audio-only-calls in qualitative research.
Inclusion for a Student with Vision Impairment: “They accept me, like, as in I am there, but they just won’t talk to me.”
Authors: Opie Jill , Southcott Jane
Published: April 2021

We explore the experiences of Nick, a secondary school student with vision impairment in an Australian mainstream school in this study, and we particularly focus on whether he perceived his education as inclusive. We have used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in this single individual case as this approach explores our participant’s understandings which may be revealed by close examination of mindful experiences. The “gem” spoken by Nick (pseudonym), our 16-year old participant, was “They accept me, like as in I am there, but they just won’t talk to me.” This statement summarises his sense of not belonging, of being other, and of being bullied. The inability of his school to provide an inclusive education was apparent to him, and his often-unfulfilled need for access to specialist teachers of vision impairment is explored. Our study includes vivid quotes from Nick to bring his voice to our phenomenological interpretation.
The Battle over Fracking: The Mobilization of Local Residents
Authors: Soyer Mehmet , Ziyanak Sebahattin
Published: April 2021

In the last decade, the natural gas industry has grown rapidly, and North Texas has become a major shale gas-producing area. This paper studies the power struggle of two rival groups (Frack Free Denton and Denton Tax Payers for a Strong Economy) over fracking in Denton. How did each of these groups challenge the claims-making activities and goals of their adversaries?” We conducted data from ten in-depth interviews from each side to compare concerns about fracking. This study focuses on the campaign of the two groups on each side of the debate. We developed the model of merging the theoretical frameworks of value-conflict and social construction of social problems by examining the stages of awareness, policy determination, and reform in the battle over fracking. This project finds that the new theoretical framework model is germane to many features of claims,” “claims-makers,” and “claims-making activities.
Music Generated Narratives: Elaborating the Da Capo Interview Technique
Authors: Cortazzi Martin , Pilcher Nick , Jin Lixian
Published: April 2021

This paper shows how we played researcher-selected extracts of music to participants in “the Da Capo technique,” to elicit narratives of their learning experiences. Previously, we used music alongside other techniques in an interview about learning; here we explore the Da Capo technique as a standalone technique to study its potential for narrative recall. To do this, we played 10 one-minute long extracts of classical music (five “Western” and five “Chinese”) to 20 participants (10 “Western” and 10 “Chinese”). After hearing each piece, participants were asked if the music recalled for them any experiences of learning. When it did so, we explored this further in dialogue and narrative recall. As expected, some narratives related to experiences of studying, academic success, and of particular times and places associated with learning. However, in many cases the music elicited narratives of learning which, surprisingly and in multiple dimensions, related to physical learning, culture, the family, and particular emotions such as sympathy, and of aspects of character, such as optimism and honesty. We provide details of using the technique, where particular music elicited learning experiences and where they did not. We provide further evidence of the value of using music either as a stand-alone method in the qualitative researcher’s toolkit, or as an additional and complementary tool. We discuss the merits, limitations, and potential applications of the Da Capo technique.
Opinions as Colors: A Visual Analysis Technique for Modest Focus Group Transcripts
Authors: Omojola Oladokun , Odiboh Oscar , Amodu Lanre
Published: April 2021

A major concern in focus group research is how transcripts are analyzed. One way of resolving the issues involved is the use of images, in the place of words or numbers, to capture discussion outcomes. This work upgrades the visual perspective and uses colors to represent discussants’ opinions about leadership while the strength of those opinions is illustrated by some levels of transparency of those same colors. This model simplifies the expertise needed by enabling speedy determination of discussants’ submissions even as the transparencies, in the form of shades or tints, reveal the gravity of those submissions.
"Born Out of Fear": A Grounded Theory Study of the Stigma of Bipolar Disorder for New Mothers
Authors: Ladd Walker
Published: April 2021

Childbirth is an established trigger for the onset of bipolar disorders (BD) in the postpartum period, causing significant pathology and disability. Research has shown that the stigma of mental illness for new mothers is a powerful obstacle to care, preventing women from accessing critical treatment and social support. However, the majority of research has examined the relationship between the stigma and postpartum depression, leaving a gap in knowledge regarding stigma and postpartum bipolar disorder. The problem addressed in this grounded theory study was the lack of knowledge regarding the stigma of a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in the first year postpartum. A theoretical sample of 15 women given a clinical diagnosis of a BD in the first year postpartum participated in one, 60-90-minute recorded interview using semi-structured questions. I analyzed typed interview transcripts using open, axial, and selective coding according to grounded theory methods. Emergent categories: Diagnosis, Experiencing Stigma, and Lack of Understanding revealed the relief in the initial diagnosis and the subsequent experience of stigma in the form of stigmatizing stereotypes, prejudicial attitudes and discrimination, and the development of the belief that stigma was caused by universal lack of understanding regarding BD. The core category of Born Out of Fear was identified. Selective coding confirmed that the stigma experienced by participants was consistent with existing models of stigma, with the exception that women did not describe their babies or other children as components of the experience of stigma. Increased understanding of the stigma of mental illness for new mothers creates pathways for future research.
Reflections on the Use of a Smartphone to Facilitate Qualitative Research in South Africa
Authors: Matlala Sogo , Matlala Makoko
Published: April 2021

This paper describes conditions that led to the use of a smartphone to collect qualitative data instead of using a digital voice recorder as the standard device for recording of interviews. Through reviewing technical documents, the paper defines a smartphone and describes its applications that are useful in the research process. It further points out possible uses of other applications of a smartphone in the research process. The paper concludes that a smartphone is a valuable device to researchers.
Reflecting on the Book of Alvesson and Skoldberg’ Reflexive Methodology: New Insights and its Importance in Qualitative Studies
Authors: Tayaben Jude
Published: April 2021

In this book review, I explicate the importance of reflexive methodology in any qualitative studies. Bearing the standards, process and expected outcomes in applying the levels and principles in your study. I was able to grasp the significant methods of doing this whatever the philosophical underpinnings in once qualitative journey. The authors introduced four elements in reflexive research in details: systematic and techniques in research procedures; clarification of the primacy of interpretation; awareness of the political- ideological character of research; reflection in relation to the problem of representation and authority. In so doing this method will surely lead us on how and to what extent becomes successful in applying the process of reflective reasoning and interpretation. This book implies on how it will address the methodological issues on reflexive methods in qualitative studies. The critical reflection as needed that we may learn from this is a very important aspect particularly among in the undergraduate and graduate level engaged in qualitative studies.
Systematic Visuo-Textual Analysis: A Framework for Analysing Visual and Textual Data
Authors: Brown Nicole , Collins Jo
Published: April 2021

As qualitative research has evolved, researchers now often combine interviews with the production of photographs, artefacts, collages, maps or drawings and the like. However, in practice, the artefacts produced are used to eliciting experiences and stimulating conversations rather than as data, per se, which is often due to the lack of guidelines for how to deal with the artefacts as data in a systematic analytical process. In this article, we present the Systematic Visuo-Textual Analysis, a framework developed to provide much-needed support for qualitative researchers in analysing artefacts in combination with interviews. Drawing on existing frameworks for visual and textual analysis the focus of this framework is to analyse visual and textual datasets separately and in conjunction with one another through several levels of interpretation from noticing descriptive elements and focussing on specific linguistic and artistic elements through to developing conceptual themes. Drawing on examples from our own research, we will demonstrate the practical application of the Systematic Visuo-Textual Analysis.
Association between Testicular Appendix and Undescended Testicle in children: A comparative study
Authors:   Pediatric surgery unit, Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria., Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka
Published: April 2021

The appendix testis may be involved in the normal testicular descent and there are reports of decreased incidence of appendix testis in children with undescended testis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of appendix testis in children with undescended testis in comparison to the incidence in children with normally descended testis.