bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide and secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case series
Authors: Tan Marisela , Fong Richard , Lo Mimi , Young Rebecca
Published: July 2015

Lenalidomide is often used in the maintenance setting for multiple myeloma and has been linked to the development of secondary primary malignancies. The mechanism of lenalidomide causing secondary malignancies has not been fully elucidated, but case reports and phase 3 trials have captured this uncommon occurrence. A case series describing development of secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients receiving lenalidomide maintenance therapy is presented. Based on data published in the literature thus far and commonalities among patients in this case series, secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia is likely duration related rather than dose related. Increased cognizance of this secondary malignancy will allow for a more accurate characterization of its true incidence. Regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be used for management of secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia with plan for stem cell transplantation. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for development of secondary malignancy and the best management approach for these patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Prolonged Exposure to Treat Comorbid Dissociation and Self‐Harm: The Case of a Client With Borderline Personality Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Granato Hollie F. , Wilks Chelsey R. , Miga Erin M. , Korslund Kathryn E. , Linehan Marsha M.
Published: July 2015

There is a high rate of comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Pagura et al., 2010). Preliminary studies have evaluated the treatment of PTSD in a BPD population and found positive outcomes for the integration of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and prolonged exposure (PE). This case study illustrates the implementation of a PE protocol into standard DBT treatment, specifically focusing on the management of self‐harm and severe dissociation for a client with co‐occurring PTSD and BPD. The client entered into treatment with severe and persistent dissociation and a recent history of self‐harm, and the case includes consideration of two separate pauses in PTSD treatment related to elevated dissociation and self‐harm behaviors. The client successfully completed the DBT PE protocol and results indicate significant improvements in PTSD symptoms as well as outcomes related to self‐harm and dissociation. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of combining DBT with PE for clients with comorbid BPD and PTSD and exemplify how complex clients with BPD who present with severe dissociation and self‐harm behavior can safely and successfully receive treatment for PTSD.
Performance of estimating depth in projection based stereoscopic virtual display
Authors: Lin Chiuhsiang Joe , Cheng Lai‐Yu , Wang Ming‐Ching
Published: July 2015

Accurate distance estimation is essential for effective user interaction with objects appearing in the virtual space. Research has shown that the distance estimation in the virtual space is not as accurate as that in the real world. The inaccuracy phenomenon is almost exclusively documented for estimating objects appearing straight ahead of the eye. A collection of the accuracy data for targets located in different angles of view in the visual field may be useful in aiding the design of user‐virtual object interaction. This study collected the object to object distance estimation accuracy for targets displayed stereoscopically. There are five horizontal and two vertical viewing angles and three depths, resulting in a total of 30 locations in the virtual space. The distance estimation for any of the 30 object pairs were performed with or without the aid of spatial cues. Significant factors influencing the accuracy and time of distance estimation were identified. Implications of the finding were discussed with respect to the stereoscopic display environment.
Solvable extensions of negative Ricci curvature of filiform Lie groups
Authors: Nikolayevsky Y.
Published: July 2015

We give necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of a left‐invariant metric of strictly negative Ricci curvature on a solvable Lie group the nilradical of whose Lie algebra is a filiform Lie algebra . It turns out that such a metric always exists, except for in the two cases, when is one of the algebras of rank two, or , and is a one‐dimensional extension of , in which cases the conditions are given in terms of certain linear inequalities for the eigenvalues of the extension derivation.
Bioassay case study applying the maximin D‐optimal design algorithm to the four‐parameter logistic model
Authors: Coffey Todd
Published: July 2015

Cell‐based potency assays play an important role in the characterization of biopharmaceuticals but they can be challenging to develop in part because of greater inherent variability than other analytical methods. Our objective is to select concentrations on a dose–response curve that will enhance assay robustness. We apply the maximin D‐optimal design concept to the four‐parameter logistic (4PL) model and then derive and compute the maximin D‐optimal design for a challenging bioassay using curves representative of assay variation. The selected concentration points from this ‘best worst case’ design adequately fit a variety of 4PL shapes and demonstrate improved robustness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced torque‐based impedance control to assist brain targeting during open‐skull neurosurgery: a feasibility study
Authors: Beretta E. , Nessi F. , Ferrigno G. , Di Meco F. , Perin A. , Bello L. , Casaceli G. , Raneri F. , De Benedictis A. , De Momi E.
Published: July 2015

Background

Cooperatively‐controlled robotic assistance could provide increased positional accuracy and stable and safe tissue targeting tasks during open‐skull neurosurgical procedures, which are currently performed free‐hand.

Methods

Two enhanced torque‐based impedance control approaches, i.e. a variable damping criterion and a force‐feedback enhancement control, were proposed in combination with an image‐based navigation system. Control systems were evaluated on brain‐mimicking phantoms by 13 naive users and 8 neurosurgeons (4 novices and 4 experts).

Results

In addition to a 60% reduction of user effort, the combination of the proposed strategies showed comparable performances with respect to state‐of‐the‐art admittance controller, thus satisfying the clinical accuracy requirements (below 1 mm), reducing the hand tremor (by a factor of 10) and the tissue's indentation overshooting (by 80%).

Conclusion

Although the perceived reliability of the system should be improved, the proposed control was suitable to assist targeting procedures, such as brain cortex stimulation, allowing for accurate, stable and safe contact with soft tissues. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design, testing and modelling of a novel robotic system for trans‐oesophageal ultrasound
Authors: Wang Shuangyi , Housden James , Singh Davinder , Althoefer Kaspar , Rhode Kawal
Published: July 2015

Background

Trans‐oesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has been widely utilized for cardiac disease diagnosis and interventional procedure guidance. However, the TOE operator is required to manually manipulate the probe, often for long periods of time and sometimes in an X‐ray environment where there is exposure to ionizing radiation.

Methods

A novel robotic manipulation system for remote control of commercial TOE probes has been developed and tested. The system has four degrees of freedom (DOFs) and is characterized by a kinematic model. The accuracy of the model and the error propagation were analysed.

Results

The prototype system was shown to exhibit the required function in terms of the mechanical reliability and range of motion. The forward kinematic model can accurately predict the trajectory of the probe tip movement. The average point‐to‐point errors were 2.60 mm and 3.55°.

Conclusions

Robotic assistance provided by the proposed system may improve the TOE operating environment. The proposed forward kinematic model can be further employed for automatic control. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of root canal sealer filling quality using a single‐cone technique in oval shaped canals: An In vitro Micro‐CT study
Authors: Celikten Berkan , Uzuntas Ceren Feriha , Orhan Ayse Isıl , Orhan Kaan , Tufenkci Pelin , Kursun Sebnem , Demiralp Kemal Özgür
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the presence of voids in oval root canals filled with different root canal sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Smartpaste bio, ActiV GP) and to compare those with root canals filled with AH Plus sealer using micro‐CT. In total, 40 freshly extracted human single‐root maxillary premolars were used. Specimens instrumented with the EndoSequence NiTi rotary instrument were assigned randomly into four groups. In each group, root canals were filled with single‐cone gutta‐percha and one of the tested sealers. Each specimen was then scanned using micro‐CT at a voxel resolution of 13.47 μm. Proportions of sections with voids in cross‐sectional images and void volumes for each sealer were calculated in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Differences according to root canal sealers were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney U‐test at a significance level of 5%. The analysis showed a decrease in void formation in the apical third, with a significant difference between the apical and coronal thirds among bioceramic sealers, ActiV GP, and AH Plus (p < 0.05) but no significant difference between the apical and middle thirds or between the middle and coronal thirds was found for the sealers tested (p > 0.05). All root canal sealers tested resulted in voids. The bioceramic sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Smartpaste bio) produced similar voids which had the fewest in the apical third of root canals among the sealers tested which can be related due to root canal anatomy variations. SCANNING 38:133–140, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Climate change confusion – who is responsible?
Authors: Williams Ivor
Published: July 2015

Quotations from the UK national press and magazines from 1974 to 2014 are used to show one possible reason why the general public is often confused about the global warming concept. Is this because usually it is only the contradictory and therefore newsworthy reports that are printed?
Porcine acellular dermis-based breast reconstruction: complications and outcomes following adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Ng Cho Ee , Pieri Andrew , Fasih Tarannum
Published: July 2015

Background

Acellular dermal matrices (ADM) such as StratticeTM are increasingly used in UK during implant-based reconstruction. However, there are mixed opinions regarding the compatibility of radiotherapy treatment in pre- and post-reconstructed breasts. The aims of this study are to audit the rates of radiation induced complications in patients who underwent breast reconstruction using StratticeTM and establish whether there is an association between timing of radiotherapy and complication rates.

Methods

Retrospective data collection was performed for all patients who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate or delayed StratticeTM-based reconstruction, and received pre- or post-reconstruction radiotherapy from July 2010 to November 2014.

Results

The age ranged from 33 to 78 years (mean age 51 ± 10.6) with a mean follow-up time of 21 months. There were 25 StratticeTM-based reconstructions performed. Sixteen had delayed reconstruction, and 9 had skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction. There were 4 (16 %) abandoned procedures due to inability to stretch the mastectomy flap secondary to poor skin compliance. Two women (8 %) presented 4 and 9 months later with wound breakdown. One case (4 %) developed severe capsular contracture following radiotherapy post-reconstruction and 1 case (4 %) of implant rupture. There were no episodes of extrusion or implant infection. Overall complication rates were 32 %. The majority (75 %) of complications occurred in breasts reconstructed post-radiotherapy; however, this is not significant when analysed using chi-square (p = 0.43).

Conclusions

Our evidence suggests that there is no difference in complication rates in pre- and post-radiation individuals; this would suggest that implant-based reconstruction using StratticeTM should not be an absolute contraindication in pre- or post-radiotherapy patients. However, when planning these procedures, it is paramount that the increased risks are emphasised to patients in order to better manage patient expectation in cases where complications arise.

Level of Evidence: Level III, risk / prognostic study.
Schooling Food in Contemporary Times: Taking Stock
Authors: Leahy Deana , Gray Emily , Cutter-Mackenzie Amy , Eames Chris
Published: July 2015

Over the past decade we have witnessed a proliferation and intensification of food pedagogies across a range of sites. This article begins by considering two pedagogical scenes that attempt to address food. They were enacted within educational settings in Australia; one a Year 8 (13 years of age) health education classroom, the other a professional learning seminar. Each were heavily imbued with the obesity prevention imperatives that have come to characterise social, political and educational discourse around food in contemporary times. Using these scenes as a springboard, we move to consider the place where we initially envisioned food might intersect with environmental education. We imagined that it would be a space with significant potential for approaching teaching and learning about food in new ways. Deploying menu as metaphor, the authors explore the possibilities for this new terrain and argue that bringing a Foucauldian inspired ‘ethics of discomfort’ to the table might help us take stock of contemporary approaches and their effects. Given the dominance of crisis-driven responses that tend to characterise school food education, we conclude by suggesting that we need to interrupt the dominant discourses that circulate around food and try to engage with some new possibilities for teaching and learning about food.
Diffusive dynamics and stochastic models of turbulent axisymmetric wakes
Authors: Rigas G. , Morgans A. S. , Brackston R. D. , Morrison J. F.
Published: July 2015

A modelling methodology to reproduce the experimental measurements of a turbulent flow in the presence of symmetry is presented. The flow is a three-dimensional wake generated by an axisymmetric body. We show that the dynamics of the turbulent wake flow can be assimilated by a nonlinear two-dimensional Langevin equation, the deterministic part of which accounts for the broken symmetries that occur in the laminar and transitional regimes at low Reynolds numbers and the stochastic part of which accounts for the turbulent fluctuations. Comparison between theoretical and experimental results allows the extraction of the model parameters.
Low-protein diet prevents tissue lipoprotein lipase activity increase in growing rats
Authors: Boualga A. , Bouchenak M. , Belleville J.
Published: July 2015

The time course of changes in tissue lipolytic activities was studied in young rats during the consumption of a low-protein diet containing 50 g protein/kg (40 g wheat gluten +10 g casein/kg) for 28 d followed by balanced refeeding with 200 g protein/kg (160 g wheat gluten +40 g casein/kg) for 28 d. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were compared with the values of a control group fed a balanced diet containing 200 g protein/kg for 56 d. At the end of protein malnutrition period, the epididymal fat tissue LPL activity represented 36 %, and that of heart and gastrocnemius was 44 %, of those of the control group. These differences were accompanied by lower serum- and VLDL-triacylglycerols (TAG), respectively 47·6 % and 31 % of the control group values, probably resulting from reduced synthesis of VLDL-apolipoproteins (29 % of control group values), concomitant with liver lipid accumulation (4·8-fold) and little lipid storage in epididymal fat tissue. At day 2 of refeeding, there was no significant difference in liver and epididymal fat tissue LPL activities between experimental and control rats. At the end of the refeeding period, LPL activity of epididymal fat and liver lipolytic activity had increased and became similar to control group values. The consumption of a low-protein diet prevented the increase in extrahepatic LPL activities as observed in the control group. The alterations in LPL activity suggest that a low-protein diet limits lipid storage in adipose tissue due to reduced serum VLDL-TAG availability.
Low-grade inflammation, diet composition and health: current research evidence and its translation
Authors: Minihane Anne M. , Vinoy Sophie , Russell Wendy R. , Baka Athanasia , Roche Helen M. , Tuohy Kieran M. , Teeling Jessica L. , Blaak Ellen E. , Fenech Michael , Vauzour David , McArdle Harry J. , Kremer Bas H. A. , Sterkman Luc , Vafeiadou Katerina , Benedetti Massimo Massi , Williams Christine M. , Calder Philip C.
Published: July 2015

The importance of chronic low-grade inflammation in the pathology of numerous age-related chronic conditions is now clear. An unresolved inflammatory response is likely to be involved from the early stages of disease development. The present position paper is the most recent in a series produced by the International Life Sciences Institute's European Branch (ILSI Europe). It is co-authored by the speakers from a 2013 workshop led by the Obesity and Diabetes Task Force entitled ‘Low-grade inflammation, a high-grade challenge: biomarkers and modulation by dietary strategies’. The latest research in the areas of acute and chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic, gut and cognitive health is presented along with the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation–health/disease associations. The evidence relating diet composition and early-life nutrition to inflammatory status is reviewed. Human epidemiological and intervention data are thus far heavily reliant on the measurement of inflammatory markers in the circulation, and in particular cytokines in the fasting state, which are recognised as an insensitive and highly variable index of tissue inflammation. Potential novel kinetic and integrated approaches to capture inflammatory status in humans are discussed. Such approaches are likely to provide a more discriminating means of quantifying inflammation–health/disease associations, and the ability of diet to positively modulate inflammation and provide the much needed evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform new product development and associated health claims.
Gondolininae, a new Carboniferous productide brachiopod subfamily
Authors: Yugan Jin , Brunton C. H. C. , Lazarev S. S.
Published: July 2015

The upper Lower Carboniferous, Serpukhovian (=Chesterian) productide brachiopod genusGondolina, from China, is made the type for the new subfamily Gondolininae in the Aulostegidae. Sectioned specimens reveal an unusual posterior dorsal flap of shell partially covering the ventral interarea.
Loop ontogeny of the Late Triassic (Norian) terebratulid brachiopodPseudorhaetina antimoniensisSandy from Sonora, Mexico and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Sandy Michael R.
Published: July 2015

Juvenile specimens of the short-looped terebratulid brachiopod genusPseudorhaetinaSandy have been investigated by the use of transverse serial sections. Internal structures indicate a simple brachidium (loop) is present with long flanges in adult specimens; the brachidium is approximately half the length of the dorsal valve; there is no complex loop metamorphosis in the central cavity of the brachiopod (i.e., no median septum). This combination of characters presents a taxonomic problem—Pseudorhaetinacan neither be referred with confidence to superfamily Terebratuloidea, nor superfamily Loboidothyridoidea. ConsequentlyPseudorhaetinais, for the time being, assigned to a new and as yet unnamed superfamily representing a previously unrecognized part of the post-Paleozoic recovery and reradiation of Mesozoic articulate brachiopods (Rhynchonellata of Williams et al., 1996).
Early Cretaceous arthropods from the Tlayúa Formation at Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, México
Authors: Feldmann Rodney M. , Vega Francisco J. , Applegate Shelton P. , Bishop Gale A.
Published: July 2015

The arthropod macrofauna from the Middle Member of the lithographic limestones of the Tlayúa Formation, in quarries at Tepexi, México, is comprised of marine and nonmarine components. Marine taxa include a new species of flabelliferid isopod, a new genus and species of an anomuran, and a new genus and species of a brachyuran crab. Remains of an arachnid and an odonate nymph represent nonmarine constituents. Previous paleoenvironmental interpretations of a restricted lagoon, with periodic episodes of marine and freshwater influences are consistent with the nature of the arthropod fauna. Isopod remains, represented only by corpses, that resemble modern ectoparasites of fishes suggest that they are directly associated with the abundant fish remains found in the quarries, either as ectoparasites that released their hosts before they died or possibly as scavengers that fed on fish remains. The next most abundant arthropods are the crabs, most of which are corpses, suggesting that this group lived in or very near to the depositional site of the Tlayúa Formation. Based upon the new fossil material, the stratigraphic range for the Aeglidae has been extended to span Albian to Holocene time. Extant representatives of this family inhabit fresh water environments of South America.
Sabiaon shells: A specialized Pacific-type commensalism in the Caribbean Neogene
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J.
Published: July 2015

In the Recent biota, species of the hipponicid gastropod genusSabiathat excavate characteristic pits on the outer surfaces of shells of reef-dwelling gastropods and hermit crabs occur only in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region and in adjacent warm-temperate parts of Japan and Australia. I report the discovery ofSabiapits in reef-associated gastropod shells from the Cercado (late Miocene) and Gurabo (early Pliocene) Formations of the Dominican Republic. The likely culprit wasHipponix otiosaPilsbry and Johnson, 1917, a species here reassigned toSabiaGray, 1840. Pliocene extinction, which was far more severe in the Caribbean and elsewhere in the western Atlantic than in the Indo-West Pacific, selectively eliminatedSabiaand its commensalism from Atlantic reef ecosystems. This case is one of several examples indicating the vulnerability of specialized associations to extinction-causing disturbances.
New findings of the ammonite Rhaeboceras, including a new species, from the Pierre Shale of eastern Montana
Authors: Grier Joyce C. , Grier James W.
Published: July 2015

A third known specimen of the ammonite Rhaeboceras burkholderi Cobban, 1987, has been discovered in the upper part of the Pierre Shale of early Maastrichtian age (Late Cretaceous) Baculites eliasi zone of Dawson County, Montana. This finding extends both the geographical and stratigraphic ranges of the species. In addition, R. cedarense new species is described from the Baculites baculus/grandis zone of the same region, which extends the stratigraphic range of the genus as currently recognized. The new species is a small form of Rhaeboceras that appears to be closely related to and probably descended from R. burkholderi.
Parasitic castration of the crab, Tumidocarcinus giganteus Glaessner, from the Miocene of New Zealand: Coevolution within the Crustacea
Authors: Feldmann Rodney M.
Published: July 2015

Feminization of adult male xanthid crabs, Tumidocarcinus giganteus Glaessner, from the Miocene of New Zealand, represents the first notice of the phenomenon in the fossil record. Marked broadening of the abdomen of adult males, to assume a form much like that of mature females and limitation in the size of the major claw likely result from parasitic castration by rhizocephalan, probably kentrogonid, barnacles. A sexually aberrant dakoticancrid, Dakoticancer overanus Rathbun, from the Late Cretaceous of South Dakota (Bishop, 1983) may extend this coevolutionary relationship between parasitic barnacles and decapod crustaceans into the Mesozoic.
Early phylogeny and subclass division of the Crinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata)
Authors: Ausich William I.
Published: July 2015

A stepwise approach is employed to determine the phylogeny of the initial crinoid radiation during the Arenig and Llanvirn series of the Ordovician. Parsimony-based character analysis is completed first on Arenig crinoids and then for Arenig and Llanvirn crinoids combined.

The topology from well-resolved trees of this early crinoid radiation indicates that the Crinoidea should be subdivided into six subclasses. A new subclass and new order, Aethocrinea and Aethocrinida, respectively, are proposed for crinoids with four circlets of plates in the aboral cup: lintels, infrabasals, basals, and radials. This aboral cup construction is best displayed byAethocrinus, one of the oldest known crinoids (?Tremadoc-Arenig). However, this primitive aboral cup construction is also present in two Llanvirn crinoids,PerittocrinusandTetracionocrinus.The Aethocrinea was a small, short-lived radiation of crinoids with this design that was different from those of other crinoids. Two families in the Aethocrinida are the Aethocrinidae, which includesAethocrinus, and the Perittocrinidae, which includesPerittocrinusandTetracionocrinus.In addition to the Aethocrinea, the following crinoid subclasses are recognized based on character analyses of these earliest crinoids: Cladida, Camerata, Disparida, Flexibilia, and Articulata.
Mystacinid bats (Microchiroptera) from the Australian Tertiary
Authors: Hand S. J. , Murray P. , Megirian D. , Archer M. , Godthelp H.
Published: July 2015

A new genus and three new species of the microchiropteran family Mystacinidae are described from Miocene freshwater limestones in northern Australia. The type species,Icarops brevicepsnew genus and species, is from the middle Miocene Bullock Creek deposit, Northern Territory;I. aenaenew species andI. paradoxnew species are from the slightly older (early Miocene) Wayne's Wok and Neville's Garden Sites at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Fossil mystacinids are rare in each deposit and represented so far only by lower teeth and dentary fragments. They are characterized by a suite of apomorphies shared only with Quaternary mystacinids endemic to New Zealand. The family Mystacinidae has no pre-Pleistocene record and its relationships to other groups of bats remain unclear. Possible sister-groups include South American noctilionoids and the cosmopolitan molossoids and/or vespertilionoids. The presence of plesiomorphic mystacinids in the Australian Tertiary suggests an Australian origin for the family.
Late Tertiary canids from central Mexico
Authors: Miller Wade E. , Carranza-Castañeda Oscar
Published: July 2015

Although relatively numerous accounts of late Tertiary canids have been reported from the western United States, records from Mexico are scarce. The three genera and species described and discussed in this paper come from Hemphillian and Blancan age deposits located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. All specimens were collected within a stratigraphic context. One taxon, Borophagus diversidens, was recovered from Blancan age deposits, while both Osteoborus cyonoides and a new species of Canis, C. ferox, came from deposits of Hemphillian age. This new species of Canis appears to be directly ancestral to the extinct C. lepophagus, long considered the forerunner of the modern coyote, C. latrans. The new Mexican canid also appears to be the earliest true Canis yet reported.
Nomenclatural problems of Breviphrentis Stumm, 1949 and Contophrentis new genus (Devonian rugose corals)
Authors: Oliver William A.
Published: July 2015

The siphonophrentidae is a family of Devonian rugose corals that are known mostly from eastern North America, a part of the Eastern Americas biogeographical Realm (EAR) during the Devonian. Breviphrentis Stumm, 1949, has been considered a siphonophrentid by most previous authors and, in a recent monograph (Oliver, 1993), I described three EAR species as Breviphrentis and referred others to the genus.
Lower Devonian (Emsian) rugosa of the Izarne Formation, Montagne Noire, France
Authors: Pedder Alan E. H. , Feist Raimund
Published: July 2015

An account of the systematics, biostratigraphy, ecological setting and the biogeographic implications of rugose corals from olistoliths of the Cabrières area is given. Corals of the lower member of the Izarne Formation are dated by conodonts asgronbergiZone age, and includeLythophyllumsp. indet.,Calceola sandalina(Linné),Tryplasmasp. A,Breviphrentis rohartiPedder new species,B. exiguaPedder new species, andAqishaphyllumsp. A. Corals from the middle member of the formation includeFrechocystis pertinaxPedder new genus and species,Calceolasp. undet.,Rhizophyllumsp. aff.R. ukalundenseHill and Jell,Tryplasma enormePedder new species,Tryplasmasp. A,Breviphrentissp. A,Platysmatophyllum halleriPedder new genus and species,Pseudochonophyllum sentumPedder new species, andIzarneophyllum barroisi(Frech) new genus. No age significant conodont has been recovered from the middle member. However, scutelluid trilobites, which, together with other trilobites, evidently used the underside of Izarne corals for shelter during molting, provide correlation with conodont sequences in the nappe domain to the north and southwest of Cabrières. From this line of evidence, the middle Izarne coral fauna is deduced to benothoperbonusZone age. The association of a variety of benthic trilobites, all with large eyes, provides evidence of a photic zone environment for the middle Izarne corals.

Rugose corals from the Izarne Formation belong to the Old World Realm and have nothing in common with similar age Rugosa of the Eastern Americas Realm. This implies that the dissolution of the boundary between these realms, which occurred in the Middle Devonian, did not begin before latest Emsian time.
Trilobites from theCedarina dakotaensisZone, lowermost part of the Deadwood Formation (Marjuman Stage, Upper Cambrian), Black Hills, South Dakota
Authors: Stitt James H.
Published: July 2015

Trilobites assigned to 14 genera and 14 species are reported from basal part of the Deadwood Formation in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Six additional taxa are left in open nomenclature. One new species,Cedarina dakotaensis, is described. These trilobites are assigned to a new zone, theCedarina dakotaensisZone, named after the most abundant trilobite species.

Species ofCedarinaandModociaare the most abundant in theCedarina dakotaensisZone, accompanied by less common specimens of species ofArapahoia, Menomonia, Hardyoides, Welleraspis, Kormagnostus, andKingstonia. Cedarina dakotaensisandModocia centralisare the most abundant species in the nearshore sandstone lithofacies, whereasArapahoia spatulatais the predominate taxon in the offshore limestone lithofacies.

The fauna of theCedarina dakotaensis Zone(which lacks species ofCedaria) occupies the biostratigraphic interval of the traditionalCedariaZone of the Marjuman Stage. Trilobites from theCedarina dakotaensisZone can be used to correlate the basal part of the Deadwood with coeval strata elsewhere in North America.
Middle Triassic cnidarians from the New Pass Range, Central Nevada
Authors: Roniewicz Ewa , Stanley George D.
Published: July 2015

We describe three scleractinian corals and one species of hydrozoan from the New Pass Range, central Nevada, which together constitute the oldest Triassic cnidarian assemblage from North America. They occur in carbonate rocks tentatively correlated with the Augusta Mountain Formation, Star Peak Group. At generic and higher levels, these cnidarians seem representative of early Mesozoic Tethyan faunas and carbonate lithofacies, but they indicate some endemism. Although the original aragonitic skeletons and microstructure are destroyed by recrystallization, the corals still yield important details allowing their correct taxonomic assignment. They contain the minitrabecular cerioid coral,Ceriostella variabilisnew genus and species, the thick-trabecular, thamnasteroid coralMesomorpha newpassensisnew species, and an undeterminable cuifastreid coral tentatively assigned toCuifastraea.The discovery ofMesomorphamarks the first occurrence of this genus outside the Jurassic and Cretaceous seas. Also discovered is a remarkably corallike hydrozoan,Cassianastraea reussi(Laube), already known from the Carnian stage of the western Tethys. This is the first occurrence of this species outside the western Tethys.
Two new cirroidean genera (Vetigastropoda, Archaeogastropoda) from the Emsian (Late Early Devonian) of Alaska with notes on the early phylogeny of Cirroidea
Authors: Frýda Jiří , Blodgett Robert B.
Published: July 2015

Two new cirroidean gastropod genera,Alaskiella(family Porcelliidae) andAlaskacirrus(family Cirridae), from the Emsian (late Early Devonian) of west-central Alaska (Medfra B-4 quadrangle) are described. The shell ofAlaskiella medfraensisnew genus and species exhibits inclined heterostrophic coiling. This shell character is known among other members of the subclass Archaeogastropoda, but is recorded for the first time within members of the superfamily Cirroidea. Inclined heterostrophic coiling of the shell was probably developed independently in several different groups of the subclass Archaeogastropoda. The new genusAlaskacirrus,represented byAlaskacirrus bandelinew species, is the oldest and only known Paleozoic member of the family Cirridae. This suggests that the family Cirridae was separated from the family Porcelliidae since at least Early Devonian time and that it most probably developed from the subfamily Agnesiinae of the family Porcelliidae. Thus, the stratigraphic range of the family Cirridae is at least from Lower Devonian to Cretaceous, an interval of about 350 million years.
Eocene stelleroids (Echinodermata) at Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Blake Daniel B. , Aronson Richard B.
Published: July 2015

The new asteroid speciesSclerasterias zinsmeisteri(Asteriidae),Paragonaster clarkae, Tesselaster clarki(both Goniasteridae), and the new ophiuroid speciesOphiura hendleri(Ophiuridae) are described from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation at Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The arm tip of an apparently new genus of the Oreasteridae is too incomplete to assign at the generic level. Other La Meseta asteroid species have been described elsewhere. Six of seven recognized stelleroid genera and all represented families survive, and differences between new species and existing congeneric species are subtle. Thus, the La Meseta fauna was similar to living faunas in basic composition.

Among La Meseta asteroids,Zoroasteraff.Z. fulgensandCtenophoraster downeyaeare known from numerous specimens; fossils of the other species are comparatively uncommon and given the uncertainties of sampling, further taxa might await discovery at Seymour Island. Although the Paxillosida is known from Jurassic rocks, fasciole-bearing, semi-infaunal genera are first known from Cretaceous deposits, andAstropectenandAstropecten-likeCtenophorasterare first recorded from Cenozoic rocks.ZoroasterandTesselasterare only known from deep water settings today, although they are found in the La Meseta.Ophiura hendleri,the only ophiuroid recognized to date from the La Meseta, occurs singly, in small groups, and in Paleozoic-type ophiuroid-rich beds.
Middle Cambrian articulate brachiopods from the Southern New England Fold Belt, Northeastern N.S.W., Australia
Authors: Brock Glenn A.
Published: July 2015

Calcareous articulate brachiopods are rare components of the high diversity, phosphatic, silicified, and epidote coated shelly fauna derived from Middle Cambrian (Floran-Undillan) allochthonous limestone clasts from the Murrawong Creek Formation, southern New England Fold Belt, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. Three taxa are described, the kutorginids Nisusia metula n. sp., and Yorkia sp. indet., and the protorthid Arctohedra austrina n. sp. Yorkia is documented from Australia for the first time. An unusual valve (possibly a brachial valve) of enigmatic affinity is also reported and illustrated. Generically, the taxa provide broad regional paleobiogeographic links with the “first discovery limestone” Member of the Coonigan Formation, western New South Wales, and the Current Bush Limestone in the Georgina Basin, northern Australia, and globally, with broadly contemporaneous sequences in western North America, Siberia, and South China.
Trilobites from lower Mississippian Starved Basin facies of the Southern United States
Authors: Brezinski David K.
Published: July 2015

A distinctive trilobite fauna occurs within condensed statigraphic sections of the Lower Mississippian (Tournaisian) Chappel Limestone of the Llano region of Texas, the Welden Limestone of Oklahoma, and the Chouteau Limestone of Union County, Illinois. The seven species comprising this fauna are interpreted to have inhabited sediment-starved basinal environments. The starved-basin facies existed in the south-central United States throughout the Tournaisian (Kinderhookian to Osagean). Two species from this fauna,Australosutura llanoensis,andCarbonocoryphe planucauda,are new. The remaining five species,Griffithidella doris(Hall),Griffithidella alternata(Girty),Carbonocoryphe depressa(Girty),Thigiffides roundyi(Girty), andPudoproetus chappelensis(Hessler), are restricted to starved-basin facies.
The earliest Gastrochaenolites (Early Pennsylvanian, Arkansas, USA): An upper Paleozoic bivalve boring?
Authors: Wilson Mark A. , Palmer Timothy J.
Published: July 2015

Borings of the ichnogenus Gastrochaenolites have been found in limestone cobbles of the Morrowan (Early Pennsylvanian) Cane Hill Member of the Hale Formation in northwestern Arkansas. They were likely excavated by lithophagid bivalves, thus extending the earliest record of obligate bivalve boring back from the Triassic into the upper Paleozoic. These borings are herein referred to as G. anauchen n. ichnosp. Lithophagid borings may be rare in the upper Paleozoic because of the absence or scarcity of suitable substrates, such as scleractinian corals or carbonate hardgrounds. Additional upper Paleozoic bivalve borings will likely be discovered in other carbonate-rich rocky shore deposits.
The Theory of Event Coding (TEC)'s framework may leave perception out of the picture
Authors: Jordan J. Scott
Published: July 2015

Hommel et al. propose that action planning and perception utilize common resources. This implies perception should have intention-relative content. Data supporting this implication are presented. These findings challenge the notion of perception as “seeing.” An alternative is suggested (i.e., perception as distal control) that may provide a means of integrating representational and ecological approaches to the study of organism-environment coordination.
Bacterial solubilization of mineral phosphates: Historical perspective and future prospects
Authors: Goldstein Alan H.
Published: July 2015

Maximum crop yields require sufficient phosphorus fertilization. Only phosphate in a soluble ionic form (Pi) is effective as a mineral nutrient. Current fertilizer technology supplies the soil solution with Pi via the application of large amounts of phosphate salts. Problems with this technology include energy-intensive production processes, the need for large scale mechanical application with associated environmental consequences, and reprecipitation of the phosphate into insoluble mineral complexes. It has been estimated that in some soils up to 75% of applied phosphate fertilizer may be lost to the plant because of mineral phase reprecipitation. Many approaches, ranging from cultural practices to biological inoculants such as mycorrhizal fungi, are being employed to enhance P-use efficiency. One area that is currently under-investigated is the ability of certain types of bacteria to solubilize mineral and organic phosphates. A review of the literature in the area of bacterial phosphate solubilization confirms that this trait is displayed by a wide range of bacteria. The phosphate starvation inducible (PSI) organic phosphate-solubilizing capability of E. coli is a component of a coordinately regulated gene system: the pho regulon. It has long been known that bacteria are also capable of solubilizing mineral phosphates such as hydroxyapatite. To date there has been no systematic study of the genetics of this phenomenon. Data from my laboratory indicate that the bacterial mineral phosphate-solubilizing (MPS) trait is regulated by the external level of Pi This conclusion is supported by results obtained from several types of molecular genetic studies. It is proposed that bacteria have mineral phosphate solubilizing (mps) genes. The potential agronomic applications of bacterial mineral and organic P solubilizing systems are discussed.
Discovering America: FromPaul BunyantoPeter Grimes
Authors: Wiebe Heather
Published: July 2015

Britten and Auden’s ‘choral operetta’Paul Bunyan, written in New York in 1939–41, has often been seen as out of touch with its American context and as an anomalous precursor to the triumphantPeter Grimes(1945). A closer look, however, suggests a more complex engagement with American musical life and with the problem of American operatic populism. Indeed, ifPaul Bunyanoffered one set of answers to this problem, toying with popular genres and smaller forms, the rejection of this approach inPeter Grimesalso seems tied to shifting American ideas about contemporary opera. Attention toPaul Bunyanin its American context highlights the transatlantic nature of both American and British operatic developments in the mid-twentieth century, while also recasting Britten’s operatic trajectory, restoring a sense of scepticism and uncertainty to his operatic project at its very beginnings.
Unreliable Authors, Unreliable History: Opera in Joe Wright’s Adaptation ofAtonement
Authors: Wilson Alexandra
Published: July 2015

Music is frequently overlooked by scholars of adaptation, who concentrate primarily on questions of literary and visual transformation. Undertaking a close reading of a pivotal scene in Joe Wright’sAtonement, this article demonstrates the vital contribution music can make to the adaptation process. Wright uses music, and Puccini’s in particular, in ways that are both narrative and reflexive, creating shifts of emphasis, deliberate ambiguities and intertextual allusions. Opera becomes a tool that allows the film-maker to interrogate notions of authorial and historical reliability, themes that lie at the heart of Ian McEwan’s highly self-aware novel.
Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience of Depersonalization
Authors: Stein Dan J. , Simeon Daphne
Published: July 2015

Depersonalization disorder (DPD) is characterized by a subjective sense of detachment from one's own being and a sense of unreality. An examination of the psychobiology of depersonalization symptoms may be useful in understanding the cognitive-affective neuroscience of embodiment. DPD may be mediated by neurocircuitry and neurotransmitters involved in the integration of sensory processing and of the body schema, and in the mediation of emotional experience and the identification of feelings. For example, DPD has been found to involve autonomic blunting, deactivation of sub-cortical structures, and disturbances in molecular systems in such circuitry. An evolutionary perspective suggests that attenuation of emotional responses, mediated by deactivation of limbic structures, may sometimes be advantageous in response to inescapable stress.
THE THIRTY YEARS’ CRISIS: ANXIETY AND FEAR IN THE MID-CENTURY UNITED STATES
Authors: IMMERWAHR DANIEL
Published: July 2015

In 1952, Bill Gaines, the entrepreneurial comic book publisher, embarked on a new venture. He had already made a name for himself by introducing the “horror” comics (Tales from the Crypt, The Vault of Terror) that had rapidly acquired an eager readership. Those titles summoned up repressed aspects of postwar culture, reveling in sadism, sexual infidelity, and grisly torture. But the id knows many pathways, and in 1952 Gaines launched a humor magazine called Mad. The title was a celebration of unreason. As its icon, Mad boasted Alfred E. Neuman, a grinning half-wit who lived by the mantra, “What, me worry?”
Developmental Changes in Genetic and Shared Environmental Contributions to Smoking Initiation and Subsequent Smoking Quantity in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Bares Cristina B. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Maes Hermine H.
Published: July 2015

Background: Few studies examining the genetic architecture of cigarette smoking have focused on adolescents or examined developmental changes in additive genetic, shared environment, and unique environmental influences on liability to initiate cigarette smoking and quantity of cigarettes smoked. The aim of this study was to add to the literature on liability to initiate and use cigarettes during adolescence using a nationally representative sample. Method: Data for this study came from adolescent and young adult twin pairs (aged 14–33 years) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We ran a series of developmental causal–contingent–common pathway models to examine whether additive genetic, shared, and unique environmental influences on liability to the initiation of cigarette use are shared with those on smoking quantity, and whether their contributions change across development. Results: We found evidence for a developmental shift in genetic and shared environmental contributions to cigarette use. Early in adolescence, genetic and environmental influences work independently on liability to cigarette smoking initiation and quantity of cigarettes smoked, but liability to these behaviors becomes correlated as individuals age into young adulthood. Conclusions: These findings provide insight into the causal processes underlying the liability to smoke cigarettes. With age, there is greater overlap in the genetic and environmental factors that influence the initiation of cigarette smoking and quantity of cigarettes smoked.
Nierenersatzverfahren – gestern, heute und morgen
Authors: Kalicki Robert M. , Eicken Sibylle , Dahdal Suzan , Uehlinger Dominik E.
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die Nierenersatztherapie ist eine der erfolgreichsten Geschichten eines künstlichen Organersatzes. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die wichtigsten Schritte in der Evolution zur modernen Therapie mit Peritonealdialyse und Hämodialyse. Aktuelle Fragen im Bereich der Nierenersatztherapie werden diskutiert und zukünftige Entwicklungen aufgezeigt. Dem Patienten stehen heute diverse Therapiemöglichkeiten offen. Allerdings nur, wenn er mindestens ein halbes Jahr vor der Notwendigkeit eines Therapiebeginns die für ihn ideale Therapieform auswählen kann. Verspätete Zuweisungen und die Notwendigkeit eines akuten Dialysebeginns führen nicht nur zu einer erhöhten Mortalität, sondern auch dazu, dass eine präemptive Lebendnierentransplantation verunmöglicht wird. Zudem bleiben diese Patienten in der Regel im Dialysezentrum und können für eine Heimbehandlung, sei es nun in Form einer Peritonealdialyse oder Heimhämodialyse, nicht mehr motiviert werden.
Neue Strategien in der Lebendspender Nierentransplantation – die Blutgruppen inkompatible und die Crossover Transplantation
Authors: Dickenmann Michael
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung. Ca. 40 % aller Nierentransplantationen in der Schweiz werden durch eine Lebendnierenspende ermöglicht. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass dabei eine Blutgruppeninkompatiblität vorliegt oder dass der Empfänger bereits vor Transplantation HLA Antikörper gegen den potentiellen Spender hat, ist 30 % und 10 %. Beide Konstellationen bedeuten ein zusätzliches immunologisches Risiko und waren bis vor kurzem eine Kontraindikation für die Transplantation. Heutzutage gibt es in diesen Situationen die Möglichkeit einer Blutgruppen inkompatiblen und einer Crossover Transplantation; beides erfolgreiche Strategien, um diese Hindernisse zu überwinden.