bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clients’ satisfaction with HIV care and treatment centres in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Buluba Salome E. , Mawi Neema E. , Tarimo Edith A. M.
Published: February 2021

Background

HIV is a major global public health challenge, claiming the lives of over 32 million people so far. The satisfaction of HIV-affected clients with the quality of their HIV services at treatment centres is crucial for quality improvement. This article assesses clients’ satisfaction with different aspects of the overall care experience and seeks to determine if the type of health facility ownership is a predictor of satisfaction.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involving 430 respondents was conducted between September and October 2019. Purposeful and convenient sampling techniques were used to select health facilities and potential respondents, respectively. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between type of health facility and clients’ satisfaction based on the six assessed aspects of care, and p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The general clients’ satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres was 92.3%. Respondents from public health facilities were most satisfied with privacy and confidentiality (100%), physical environment (100%), counseling (99.5%) and drug availability (99.5%); respondents from private health facilities were most satisfied with the time spent in the facility (95.9%); while respondents from faith-based health facilities were most satisfied with staff-patient communication (99.2%). However, after adjusting for confounders, only one aspect of care, that of “time spent in the facility,” showed significant association with the type of health facility.

Conclusion

Generally, clients’ satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres in the Ubungo District, Dar es Salaam was high. This finding should encourage health care providers to maintain high-quality services to sustain clients’ satisfaction.
A new approach to measuring absolute pitch on a psychometric theory of isolated pitch perception: Is it disentangling specific groups or capturing a continuous ability?
Authors: Germano Nayana Di Giuseppe , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Coutinho-Lourenço Fausto , Bortz Graziela
Published: February 2021

Absolute Pitch (AP) is commonly defined as a rare ability that allows an individual to identify any pitch by name. Most researchers use classificatory tests for AP which tracks the number of isolated correct answers. However, each researcher chooses their own procedure for what should be considered correct or incorrect in measuring this ability. Consequently, it is impossible to evaluate comparatively how the stimuli and criteria classify individuals in the same way. We thus adopted a psychometric perspective, approaching AP as a latent trait. Via the Latent Variable Model, we evaluated the consistency and validity for a measure to test for AP ability. A total of 783 undergraduate music students participated in the test. The test battery comprised 10 isolated pitches. All collected data were analyzed with two different rating criteria (perfect and imperfect) under three Latent Variable Model approaches: continuous (Item Response Theory with two and three parameters), categorical (Latent Class Analysis), and the Hybrid model. According to model fit information indices, the perfect approach (only exact pitch responses as correct) measurement model had a better fit under the trait (continuous) specification. This contradicts the usual assumption of a division between AP and non-AP possessors. Alternatively, the categorical solution for the two classes demonstrated the best solution for the imperfect approach (exact pitch responses and semitone deviations considered as correct).
Nixing the nightshades: Traditional knowledge of intoxicating members of the Solanaceae among hallucinogenic plant and mushroom users in Slovenia
Authors: Fatur Karsten , Kreft Samo
Published: February 2021

Anticholinergic plants of the family Solanaceae have a long history of use as medicines, poisons, and recreational drugs. Though they were the intoxicating substances of choice throughout Europe for centuries, their use for these purposes has declined with the globalisation of other recreational drugs. The present study sought to examine the level of knowledge surrounding these plants among individuals who had used other hallucinogenic plants or mushrooms in Slovenia. Participants were questioned in regards to the anticholinergic Solanaceae that are known to grow wild in Slovenia:Atropa belladonnaL.,Datura stramoniumL.,Hyoscyamus nigerL., andScopolia carniolicaL. As expected, only a small number of individuals had any substantial knowledge of these plants, and fewer still had used them; some were even unfamiliar with any of these plants. Knowledge of toxicity generally arose from family members, while books and the internet played prominent roles in regards to use knowledge. Knowledge of the plants was vastly varied, with many individuals confusing the plants for others, especially other members of the Solanaceae. Ultimately, a small group of individuals had the largest body of knowledge of these plants, though this was linked with university studies rather than traditional uses. Knowledge of the intoxicating Solanaceae has been largely lost in Slovenia among users of other botanical hallucinogens, likely due to the various dangers their use poses and the undesirable effects they often cause.
A diffusible signal factor of the intestine dictates Salmonella invasion through its direct control of the virulence activator HilD
Authors: Chowdhury Rimi , Pavinski Bitar Paulina D. , Keresztes Ivan , Condo Anthony M. , Altier Craig
Published: February 2021

Successful intestinal infection bySalmonellarequires optimized invasion of the gut epithelium, a function that is energetically costly.Salmonellahave therefore evolved to intricately regulate the expression of their virulence determinants by utilizing specific environmental cues. Here we show that a powerful repressor ofSalmonellainvasion, acis-2 unsaturated long chain fatty acid, is present in the murine large intestine. Originally identified inXylella fastidiosaas a diffusible signal factor for quorum sensing, this fatty acid directly interacts with HilD, the master transcriptional regulator ofSalmonella, and preventshilAactivation, thus inhibitingSalmonellainvasion. We further identify the fatty acid binding region of HilD and show it to be selective and biased in favour of signal factors with acis-2 unsaturation over other intestinal fatty acids. Single mutation of specific HilD amino acids to alanine prevented fatty acid binding, thereby alleviating their repressive effect on invasion. Together, these results highlight an exceedingly sensitive mechanism used bySalmonellato colonize its host by detecting and exploiting specific molecules present within the complex intestinal environment.
Nights of Red and Gold
Authors: Stooke Andrew
Published: February 2021

This paper considers hospitality on imagined nights in two clubs at the end of the 1970s.

The text visits New York’s Studio 54, a permissive environment but with restricted access, and le Palace in Paris, frequented by Gilles Châtelet. In le Palace the partygoers anticipate the market boom of the 80s while the hedonistic crowd at Studio 54 is unprepared for the incipient AIDS epidemic. The text asks if there were patterns of alignment in the new clubs of entitlement and illness?
Jawa El Khash, The Upper Side of the Sky: Virtual Worlds as Sites for Ecological and Cultural Resurgence
Authors: Bakan Nina
Published: February 2021

Damascus-born artist, Jawa El Khash’s immersive installation, The Upper Side of the Sky (2020), combines virtual reality and Syria’s natural ecology to confront the physically devastating impacts of war. In response to ISIS’s 2015-16 occupation of the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra, El Khash evaluates the relationship between technology and the environment to explore the ability for virtual reality to rebuild destroyed landscapes and create sites for healing.
A számítási felhő az Európai Unió egén (Cloud computing on the sky of European Union)
Authors: Racskó Péter
Published: February 2021

Napjaink informatikai világának talán legkeresettebb hívó szava a cloud computing, vagy magyar fordításban, a számítási felhő. A fordítás forrása az EU-s (Digitális Menetrend magyar változata, 2010) A számítási felhő üzleti modelljének részletes leírását adja (Bőgel, 2009). Bőgel György ismerteti az új, közműszerű informatikai szolgáltatás kialakulását és gazdasági előnyeit, nagy jövőt jósolva a számítási felhőnek az üzleti modellek versenyében. A szerző – a számítási felhő üzleti előnyei mellett – nagyobb hangsúlyt fektet dolgozatában a gyors elterjedést gátló tényezőkre, és arra, hogy mit jelentenek az előnyök és a hátrányok egy üzleti, informatikai vagy megfelelőségi vezető számára. Nem csökkentve a cloud modell gazdasági jelentőségét, fontosnak tartja, hogy a problémákról és a kockázatokról is szóljon. Kiemeli, hogy a kockázatokban – különösen a biztonsági és adatvédelmi kockázatokban – lényeges különbségek vannak az Európai Gazdasági Térség és a világ többi része, pl. az Amerikai Egyesült Államok között. A cikkben rámutat ezekre a különbségekre, és az olvasó magyarázatot kap arra is, hogy miért várható a számítási felhő lassabb terjedése Európában, mint a világ más részein. Bemutatja az EU erőfeszítéseit is a számítási felhő európai terjedésének elősegítésére, tekintettel a modell versenyképességet növelő hatására. / === / One of the most popular concept of the recent web searches is cloud computing. Several authors present detailed description of the new service model and it's business benefits and cite the optimistic prognoses of the cloud experts regarding the competition of information system service models. The author analyses the operational benefits of the cloud application and give a detailed description of the inhibitors of the fast expansion of the service modell. He also analyses the pros and cons of the cloud for a business manager, an information and a compliance officer. When understanding the advantages of the cloud, it is equally important to review the problems and risks associated with the model. The paper gives a list of the expected cloud-specific risks. It also explains the differences in security and data protection approach between the European Economic Area and the rest of the world, including the USA. The explains why slower expansion of the cloud modell is expected in Europe than in the rest of the world. The efforts of the EU Committee in helping to spread the cloud model is also presented, as the EU's officers consider the model as an important element of competitiveness.
Az ipari parkok szerepe a kínai - magyar gazdasági kapcsolatok fejlesztésében (Industrial parks in the development of Hungarian – Chinese economic relations)
Authors: Kutasi Gábor
Published: February 2021

A kínai-magyar gazdasági kapcsolatoktól mindenki sokat várt eddig, de viszonylag kevés növekedési hatást sikerült elérnie Magyarországnak a dinamikusan felemelkedő kínai gazdaságból. A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogy az ipari parkok, logisztikai bázisok terén mi teheti vonzóvá Magyarországot az EU piacát megcélzó kínai vállalatok számára, illetve milyen gazdasági lehetőségek rejlenek az ipari parkok hálózatában ahhoz, hogy a kínai növekedési dinamika valamennyire érvényesüljön a magyar gazdaságban is. / === / Most of the economic and political actors in Hungary have expected high benefits from the Chinese – Hungarian economic relations, but only moderated growth impact has been imported from the dynamic emerging Chinese economy. The study surveys the potentials of industrial parks and logistic bases whether how much they can add to the attractiveness of Hungary toward the Chinese companies targeting the single market of the EU, and what range of economic opportunities is exploitable in the network of industrial parks for having the Chinese growth dynamics to prevail particularly in the Hungarian economy.
COVID-19 across Africa: Colonial Hangovers, Racial Hierarchies, and Medical Histories
Authors: Tilley Helen
Published: February 2021

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, few journalists or scholars in Europe and North America paid much attention to how people or governments were responding to SARS-coV-2 anywhere in Africa. As the pandemic progressed, in fact, key agencies—from the World Economic Forum to the Economic Commission for Africa to the Global Health Security Index—all predicted or implied that there would be catastrophic fatality rates in African countries. Two French scientists shared these assumptions, going on live television on April 1 to discuss whether the BCG tuberculosis vaccine might protect people from the worst effects of COVID-19 and proposing new BCG vaccine trials in “Africa” because, they alleged, protections would be minimal and infection rates high, offering ideal conditions to test their theories. This article takes the controversy that stemmed from the French scientists’ comments as a point of departure, connecting it to African medical and imperial histories, on the one hand, and more recent histories of randomized controlled trials and global (health) governance on the other. Between January and November 2020, African nations, peoples, and pan-African organizations did better with COVID-19 than any other region of the world. Yet, there are understandable—if insidious—reasons why the continent’s success stories have not reached wider audiences: they run so contrary to (outside) expectations and belie the implicit predictions of different country rankings in global health. This kind of strategic erasure gets reproduced time and again within global institutions, creating semipermanent obstacles to African nations’ (therapeutic) sovereignty and (medical) self-determination.
Editorial
Authors: Neves Abreu Jean Luiz
Published: February 2021

Editorial
Estimativa da Biomassa Florestal para Fins Energéticos Utilizando Índices de Vegetação e Dados de Campo, Distrito de Mabalane – Moçambique
Authors: Mabunda Idolgy Ribeiro dos Santos , Guasselli Laurindo Antonio , Nhongo Eufrasio Joao Sozinho , Bandeira Benjamim
Published: February 2021

Na África Subsaariana, a intensa exploração de florestas para a extração da lenha e carvão em áreas áridas e semiáridas. O Distrito de Mabalane abastece de lenha e carvão as cidades de Maputo, Matola e Xai-Xai. Entretanto, existe pouco conhecimento sobre a disponibilidade da biomassa nessas áreas. O presente estudo tem como objetivos: analisar a relação entre NDVI derivado da imagem de satélite e a biomassa estimada em campo; modelar a estimava de biomassa em área árida. Os valores do NDVI foram obtidos a partir da imagem de satélite Landsat-8. No campo, quinze parcelas com área de 30 x 30 m foram georeferenciadas e todas as plantas lenhosas vivas com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) igual ou maior que 2.5 cm foram medidas as alturas e DAPs e suas biomassas estimadas a partir de equações alométricas. Os valores de NDVI nos pontos amostrais variaram entre -0.508 e -0.236, positivamente correlacionados com os valores de biomassa estimados nas 3 equações, que variaram 5,32 e 56,87 . A regressão linear entre NDVI e a biomassa no modelo que apresentou melhor resultado, obteve coeficiente de determinação R2= 0,882. A equação de regressão ajustada a partir de medição indireta da biomassa e índice de vegetação pela diferença normalizada (NDVI), possibilitou a estimativa de biomassa florestal em áreas semiáridas por sensoriamento remoto, com um erro de 36% na área do presente estudo. O modelo ajustado pode ser suporte para estudos de estimação da biomassa utilizando sensoriamento remoto e os dados de campo em áreas similares.
Melhoria no Limiar de Detecção de Perda de Ciclos para o Método das TD no Posicionamento Relativo
Authors: Mendonça Caio Henrique Chrisóstomo , Alves Daniele Barroca Marra , Silva Crislaine Menezes da
Published: February 2021

A observável fase da onda portadora, juntamente com a pseudodistância, são empregadas em posicionamento de alta acurácia no posicionamento por sistemas globais de navegação por satélite. Mas, a observável fase pode sofrer perda de ciclos durante o rastreamento do sinal. A perda de ciclos é uma descontinuidade do número inteiro de ciclos na fase da onda portadora, causada por uma perda temporária de rastreamento do sinal pelo receptor. Assim, as perdas de ciclos devem ser detectadas e corrigidas para que se obtenha posicionamento acurado. No presente artigo é proposta a definição de um novo limiar de aceitação de ocorrência de perda de ciclos, baseado nos valores de média e desvio padrão das séries de dados de triplas diferenças (TD) quando usado o método de detecção e correção de perda de ciclos baseada nas TD. Foram realizados experimentos com dados simulados em linhas de base curta e longa. Para linha de base curta, o método TD clássico e o método TD proposto apresentaram resultados similares, com sucesso de detecção em torno de 100%. Para linha de base longa, foi obtido 31,37% e 63,79% de acerto na detecção, resultando em 49,45% e 95,32% de acerto na correção de perda de ciclos quando utilizado o método TD clássico e o método TD proposto. Estes resultados indicam que o método proposto se mostra relevante no contexto de detecção e correção de perda de ciclos, principalmente para linhas base longas, como é o caso no Brasil.
Estimation of Travel Mode Choice Using Geostatistics: a Brazilian Case Study
Authors: Lindner Anabele , Pitombo Cira Souza , Assirati Lucas , Pedreira Junior Jorge Ubirajara , Salgueiro Ana Rita
Published: February 2021

Traditional methods for travel demand estimation are often built on socioeconomic and travel information. The information required to conduct such studies is costly and rarely available in developing countries. Besides, some conventional methods do not consider the spatial relationship of variables and, in general, a large amount of socioeconomic and individual travel data is required. The key aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of considering spatial information when estimating travel mode choices especially considering the lack of available data. The study area is the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (Brazil) and the dataset refers to an Origin-Destination Survey, conducted in 2007. This research paper analyzes the use of Geostatistics when estimating discrete travel mode choices. The results demonstrated a satisfactory outcome for the geostatistical approach. Finally, although socioeconomic and travel variables have greater explanatory power in predicting travel mode choices, spatial factors contribute to better understand the travel behavior and to provide further information when estimating spatially correlated data.
Patch Test: Uma Revisão Teórica e Prática
Authors: Ferreira Italo Oliveira , Andrade Laura Coelho de , Santos Felipe Catão Mesquita , Souza Larissa Messias de
Published: February 2021

O surgimento de sistemas multifeixe aliado ao rápido desenvolvimento tecnologia dos diversos sensores e componentes auxiliares, conduziram a levantamentos mais robustos e precisos. Contudo, a incorreta instalação, alinhamento ou sincronização da instrumentação batimétrica pode depreciar demasiadamente os dados batimétricos. Para sistemas multifeixe, um procedimento de calibração muito empregado consiste no patch test. Esse procedimento determina ângulos residuais relativos entre os sensores de medição angular e o transdutor, com o intuito de corrigir possíveis desvios provenientes do controle dimensional da embarcação. Apesar de bastante difundido e largamente empregado, divergências teóricas e práticas ainda são observadas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em apresentar uma revisão teórica e prática da metodologia do patch test, avaliando divergências no produto final da calibração, à medida que se altera a sequência e forma do processamento. Para isso, foram coletados dados hidrográficos em dois locais distintos e o processo de calibração foi realizado por meio de duas abordagens (analítica e gráfica), variando a sequência de processamento. Na primeira abordagem, os offsets residuais foram determinados com recurso a equações matemáticas, avaliando a correspondência entre os perfis batimétricos resultantes. A segunda abordagem consistiu numa avaliação qualitativa e gráfica, usualmente empregada pelos softwares hidrográficos.
Um Índice Multicritério para Avaliar a Preparação de Municípios para a Criação de IDEs
Authors: Silva Eduardo Silverio da , Camboim Silvana Philippi
Published: February 2021

O uso e compartilhamento de dados geoespaciais é essencial para a gestão municipal. No entanto não se sabe ao certo o estágio de preparação que os municípios brasileiros se encontram para que constituam suas Infraestruturas de Dados Espaciais Locais e possam então se integrar às iniciativas estaduais e nacionais, gerando importante conhecimento sobre as realidades locais. No Brasil, hoje fazem parte como nó da INDE apenas 2 de 5570 municípios, em contraponto a várias organizações dos outros níveis federativos. Desde o Plano de Ação da INDE, a inclusão de dados locais foi colocada como vital, e o desenvolvimento de modelos acaba sendo prejudicado pela diversidade de municípios no Brasil e a falta de ferramentas que norteiem o desenvolvimento de soluções compartilhadas para realidades semelhantes. Este estudo propõe um método para preencher esta lacuna de dados, com base no método de avaliação State of Play, utilizado como avaliação da INSPIRE, para o caso de IDEs municipais brasileiras, de modo a propor um questionário com 25 questões e um conjunto de indicadores calculados com base nas respostas de cada quesito. O questionário proposto foi aplicado, após testes em duas prefeituras e algumas adaptações, em quatro prefeituras pertencentes a municípios de diferentes faixas populacionais. Com a metodologia proposta foram constatadas possibilidades de mensuração em nível de perguntas, de componentes de IDE e de instituição, assim como se evidenciou a necessidade de um critério objetivo para definição de pesos para respostas, perguntas e componentes, o que depende da IDE de referência do avaliador.
Análise dos Processos de Desmatamento e Regeneração nas Unidades de Conservação Pertencentes no Vale do Ribeira (SP/PR) por Meio de Classificações de Imagens de Sensoriamento Remoto
Authors: Maciel Amanda Lopes , Alves Diógenes , Sant'Anna Sidnei
Published: February 2021

O Vale do Ribeira, situado entre dois importantes estados do Brasil: São Paulo e Paraná, detém cerca de 80% dos remanescentes contínuos de Mata Atlântica. Diversos fatores físicos e históricos permitiram a conservação desses remanescentes na região. Destacam-se entre eles a topografia, baixa fertilidade dos solos e o regime hídrico como substanciais para preservação da vegetação natural, além da criação de Unidades de Conservação (UCs). Entretanto, estudos têm apontado históricos de desmatamento em tais áreas. Em reconhecimento à importância de relacionar os processos responsáveis pelas mudanças do uso da terra, utilizam-se técnicas de sensoriamento remoto no intuito de investigar a associação de mudanças à cobertura florestal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e mapear as áreas de regeneração e desmatamento nos limites das UCs do Vale do Ribeira (SP/PR) em uma série temporal de 1985 a 2017, comparando os resultados em relação à toda região. Considerando-se a distribuição das coberturas florestais dentro das UCs, a regeneração florestal representou cerca de 30% do ganho líquido florestal total, enquanto o processo de desmatamento foi em torno de 22%. Com exceção de APA Quilombos do Médio Ribeira, APA Serra do Mar, PE do Turvo e RDS Barreiro Anhemas, as UCs apresentaram aproximadamente desmatamento zero. Por outro lado, foram nessas mesmas áreas em que se calcularam os maiores ganhos florestais por regeneração. Conclui-se que a criação das UCs é sim importante para o decréscimo das taxas de desmatamento e favorecimento da preservação florestal do bioma, aliada às operações de fiscalização.
Corrosion Behaviour of AISI409 Stainless Steel with Al Slurry Coating in Molten Salt
Authors: Kongkaoroptham Parinya , Boonpensin Mack , Siripongsakul Thamrongsin , Promdirek Piyorose
Published: February 2021

A concentrated solar power plant produces electricity by collecting thermal energy from sunlight. Then the thermal energy is stored in the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The most widely used and studied HTF is solar salt (60wt%NaNO3–40wt%KNO3) that achieves the most requirements of HTF. However, at high temperatures, the corrosion is still violent for most materials, thus the material selection is important. This research aims to investigate the feasibility for application of AISI 409 ferritic stainless steel as containers of the molten salt. AISI 409 is suitable for high temperature usage, and more economical than other grades which have higher chromium. To investigate the corrosion resistance in molten salt, AISI 409 samples were coated by dipping in Al slurry. Then they were heated up to 400°C to remove binders. The coatings with Fe-Al intermetallic and alumina layers were formed after binder removal and subsequently annealing at 700°C for 3 h in the air atmosphere. This research reported the corrosion behaviour of Al coated and uncoated samples which had been treated by immersion in molten salt at 500°C for 100 h with analysis results. The results demonstrated that weight and thickness of uncoated samples were increased due to formation of the oxide layers such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 on the surfaces. For the Al coated samples, the weight and thickness of the coat layers were massively decreased after being immersed in molten salt at the first 1 h due to removal of Al-O, slag or impurity in the coating. Nevertheless, the weight increased gradually until 100 h. The oxidation of the Fe-Al intermetallic layer exhibited about 35% slower oxidation than that of uncoated samples, thus the coating technique has potential to be applied against molten salt.
Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Siswa MI Miftahul Falah Jakenan Pati
Authors: Ahmad Solkan
Published: February 2021

It is a necessity when the interaction of teachers and students in the learning process will face various problems and obstacles. This article aims to parse what problems occur in the classroom during the Arabic learning process and to find the right solution so that the problems faced can be resolved. This research is qualitative. Collecting data related to writing this article using interviews and direct observation of research subjects and literature review for about two months the author did an internship or PPL. When the writer did observation or mini research, the writer found several problems when the learning process occurred in the classroom. Starting from students getting rowdy when learning, not paying attention to learning, not being able to answer when asked, and there are many other problems when learning Arabic. This can be used as material for evaluation and collective reflection so that our education will be of more quality and quality.

Abstrak: Sebuah keniscayaan ketika interaksi guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran akan menghadapi berbagai persoalan dan kendala. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengurai persoalan-persolan apa saja yang terjadi di dalam kelas pada saat proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab berlangsung dan mencarikan solusi yang tepat sehingga persoalan yang dihadapi dapat terselesaikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data terkait penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi langsung terhadap subjek penelitian serta kajian pustaka selama kurang lebih dua bulan penulis melakukan magang atau PPL. Saat penulis melakukan obeservasi atau mini riset, penulis menemukan beberapa problematika saat terjadi proses pembelajaran di kelas. Mulai dari siswa gaduh saat pembelajaran, tidak memperhatikan pembelajaran, tidak bisa menjawab saat ditanya, dan masih banyak problem lain saat pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Ini dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi dan renungan bersama, agar pendidikan kita semakin bermutu dan berkualiatas.
METODE DAKWAH STRUKTURAL KIAI AHMAD FAUZAN
Authors: Huda Muhammad Misbahul
Published: February 2021

Changes in space and time also have an impact on changing patterns, approaches, methodologies, and characteristics of dakwah. Therefore da'wah can be situational and contextual according to the space and time that surrounds it. The understanding of a da'i in understanding Islamic da'wah comprehensively will give rise to a perspective in which the approach, dimensions and dynamics that must be prepared and what kind of model will be used in da'wah activities will determine the success of the da'wah activity. Kiai Ahmad Fauzan is one of the scholars who can be said to be visionary. Due to in-depth reading in terms of conditions, situations, and abilities, finally Kiai Ahmad Fauzan, besides using a cultural approach, also uses a structural approach. The structural approach was used as a method of da'wah which was fairly effective for him. Because, from the use of the structural da'wah method, Kiai Ahmad Fauzan can make it easier to coordinate, regulate, and ratify the rules that should apply or not. The methods of proselytizing Kiai Ahmad Fauzan found in this study are methods of political da'wah and methods of proselytizing education. This research uses descriptive-qualitative research with historical analysis in the form of "oral or spoken" from historians and people who have a close relationship with the subject or object under study.
PERJALANAN DAKWAH KH. ZAHRUDIN USMAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SYIAR ISLAM DI KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Sari Sinta Kartika
Published: February 2021

KH. Zahrudin Usman is a prominent Muslim intellectual figure. Thanks to his expertise, he got the title of youth officer and several awards. This study seeks to explain KH Zahrudin Usman's preaching work in the development of Islamic symbols in Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. This research is a qualitative research with historical literature sources supported by data from the field both interviews and observations to corroborate the findings. The findings of this study indicate that KH Zahrudin Usman is a Kyai who has great authority in the development of Islamic symbols through the Nurul Jalal Islamic boarding school in Tebo Tengah, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. The existing knowledge is implemented by establishing a madrasah which is used as a place for learning. It is not just its existence, its method of preaching, and its moral message as a barometer to become a role model for the people of Tebo Regency.KH. Zahrudin Usman merupakan tokoh intelektual Muslim terkemuka.  Berkat kepiawaiannya, gelar mualim muda dan beberapa penghargaan didapatnya. Penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan kiprah dakwah KH Zahrudin Usman dalam pengembangan syiar Islam di Kabupaten Tebo, Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan sumber literatur sejarah didukung data dari lapangan baik wawancara maupun observasi  untuk menguatkan hasil temuan. Adapun hasil  temuan dari penelitian ini adalah KH Zahrudin Usman merupakan Kyai yang memiliki otoritas besar dalam pengembangan syiar Islam melalui pesantren Nurul Jalal di Tebo Tengah, Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi. Bekal ilmu yang ada diimplementasikan dengan mendirikan madrasah yang dijadikan sebagai wadah pembelajaran. Bukan sekedar keberadaannya, metode dakwahnya, hingga pesan moralnya pun menjadi suatu barometer yang menjadi panutan masyarakat Kabupaten Tebo.
TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG SERTA STRATEGI DAKWAH DI DAERAH TRANSMIGRASI (Studi Terhadap Perkembangan Dakwah di Desa Bina Karya, Musi Rawas Utara, Sumatera Selatan)
Authors: Manto Charis
Published: February 2021

This paper tries to describe the da'wah strategy applied by the preachers in conveying da'wah messages in a village called Bina Karya, where the majority of the village community are transmigrants from Java. In addition, because of the heterogeneity of the village community, there are challenges that are also opportunities for the preachers in that area. This paper is the result of field research conducted by going directly to the field with a descriptive analysis approach. In it process, the success of da'wah in transmigration areas is also determined by the da'i in addressing each individual mad'u’s diverse personality. The da'wah strategy used is the da'wah strategy of the walisongo in Islamizing the people of Java. These methods are tadrij (gradual) and adamul haraj (harmless). The da'wah strategy like this is an implementation of the al-Quran, namely 'mawidzatul hasanah wa mujadalah billati hiya ahsan'. In addition, the face to face method of da'wah is a method that is considered very appropriate to be applied in the transmigration community, because they are still considered to be in the lower middle class, both in terms of knowledge, welfare, religion and technology..Tulisan ini mencoba menggambarkan mengenai strategi dakwah yang diterapkan oleh para muballigh ketika menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah di Desa Bina Karya yang notabenenya adalah masyarakat transmigran dari pulau Jawa. Selain itu pula dikarenakan heterogenitas masyarakatnya, menjadikan adanya tantangan sekaligus peluang tersendiri bagi para muballigh di daerah tersebut. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hasil studi (Field Research) dengan turun ke lapangan secara langsung serta dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif.Dalam prosesnya, keberhasilan dakwah di daerah transmigrasi juga ditentukan juga oleh da’i dalam menyikapi setiap diri pribadi mad’u yang berbeda-beda. Strategi dakwah yang dipakai adalah strategi dakwah para walisongo dalam mengislamkan masyarakat di pulau Jawa.  Metode tersebut yakni tadrij (bertahap) dan adamul haraj (tidak menyakiti). Adapun strategi dakwah seperti ini merupakan implementasi dari al-Qur’an yaitu ‘mawidzatul hasanah wa mujadalah billati hiya ahsan’. Selain itu pula, metode dakwah face to face merupakan metode yang dinilai sangat cocok diterapkan pada masyarakat transmigrasi dikarenakan masyarakatnya yang masih dinilai berada di kelas menengah ke bawah baik dari segi pengetahuan, kesejahteraan, keagamaan maupun teknologi.
KEJUJURAN HISTORIS BARAT DAN ISLAM
Authors: Wiranto Erham Budi
Published: February 2021

In historical relations between the West and the Islamic world, honesty is a rare dimension. The history of West-East relations seems to be filled with bias and covered in prejudice. The negative stigma of the West towards the East, and vice versa, is still being inherited and reproduced today. Sudibyo Markus tries to present an honest and balanced historical analysis in seeing the West and Islam. This paper is a review of Sudibyo Markus' book entitled Dunia Barat dan Islam, Cahaya di Cakrawala (The West and Islam, Light in the Horizon) published by Gramedia in 2019. Dalam sejarah hubungan dunia Barat dan dunia Islam, kejujuran termasuk dimensi yang langka. Sejarah relasi Barat-Timur seolah dipenuhi bias dan berlumuran prasangka. Stigma negatif Barat terhadap Timur, demikian pula sebaliknya, masih terus terwarisi dan direproduksi hingga kini. Sudibyo Markus mencoba menghadirkan analisis sejarah yang jujur dan berimbang dalam melihat Barat dan Islam. Tulisan ini adalah telaah terhadap buku karya Sudibyo Markus berjudul "Dunia Barat dan Islam, Cahaya di Cakrawala" yang diterbitkan oleh Gramedia tahun 2019.
MEMAHAMI MAKNA RELIGIUSITAS/SPIRITUALITAS PADA INDIVIDU DEWASA MUDA MELALUI PHOTOVOICE
Authors: Novianty Anita , Garey Evans
Published: February 2021

Early adulthood was indicated by exploring self-identity, including re-questioning the religion belief that was taught by nuclear family since childhood. Most of young adult perceived themselves or by older people as less religious, but spiritual. This study aims to understand the meaning of religiosity/spirituality from a) perspective of their own religion; b) perspective of other religion; and c) their religious experience. Photovoice was applied in this study with various background of participant’s religion including Moslem, Christian, Catholic, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Kong Hu Cu, which selected by snowball sampling. The result showed worship place and activities were mostly chosen as representation of the meaning of religiosity/spirituality from their own religion perspective as well as other religion. Whereas, moment in worship activity and personal experience where they can get through of difficult or unfortunate situation were representation of their religious/spiritual experience. From this study, we can conclude that the institutionalized religion is still play important role in young adult’s spiritual/religious life.
Bingkai Yusril Ihza Mahendra menjadi Pengacara Jokowi-Ma’ruf dalam Media Daring
Authors: Hakim M. Sabron Sukmanul
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the mass media polemic when Yusril Ihza Mahendra became a lawyer for Jokowi-Ma'ruf in the 2019 presidential election. Previously, Yusril was a lawyer for Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) which later became a banned organization in Indonesia. In addition, Yusril was previously known as a critic of Jokowi and an active defender of Prabowo along with the party he leads, the Crescent Star Party (PBB). The focus of this research is to explore three mass media that are well known to the general public: Sindonews.com, Kompas.com, and Republika.co.id to see how the mass media dared to frame the coverage of Yusril Ihza Mahendra's decision to become Jokowi-Ma'ruf's campaign team. By using a qualitative research methodology, this study also uses Robert N. Entman's framing analysis to see the framing. This is done in order to penetrate the reporting frame made by the three brave mass media. The findings of this study indicate that the three media have different attitudes. Sindonews.com showed Yusril's choice neutrally with all parties involved. Meanwhile, Kompas.com seems to be more inclined to side with the Jokowi-Ma'ruf camp with the proportion of the Yusril and the Jokowi-Ma'ruf camp being more. Meanwhile, Republika.co.id appears to be contravening by presenting parties who feel aggrieved by Yusril's decision to become Jokowi-Ma'ruf's successful lawyer.Tulisan ini membahas polemik media massa saat Yusril Ihza Mahendra menjadi pengacara Jokowi-Ma’ruf pada pemilihan umum presiden 2019. Sebelumnya, Yusril menjadi pengacara bagi Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) yang kemudian menjadi organisasi terlarang di Indonesia. Selain itu, Yusril sebelumnya juga dikenal sebagai pengkritik Jokowi dan pembela aktif Prabowo bersama partai yang dipimpinnya, Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB). Fokus penelitian ini adalah meneroka tiga media massa daring yang sudah dikenal khalayak umum: Sindonews.com, Kompas.com, dan Republika.co.id untuk melihat bagaimana media massa daring membingkai pemberitaan keputusan Yusril Ihza Mahendra menjadi pengacara tim sukses Jokowi-Ma’ruf. Dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini juga menggunakan analisis framing Robert N. Entman untuk melihat pembingkaian tersebut. Hal ini dilakukan agar dapat meneroka bingkai pemberitaan yang dilakukan oleh ketiga media massa daring. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga media tersebut memiliki sikap yang berbeda. Sindonews.com menunjukkan secara netral pilihan Yusril dengan menghadirkan semua pihak yang terlibat. Sedangkan Kompas.com terlihat lebih condong berpihak pada kubu Jokowi-Ma’ruf dengan proporsi pihak Yusril dan kubu Jokowi-Ma’ruf lebih banyak. Sementara Republika.co.id terlihat kontra dengan menampilkan pihak-pihak yang merasa dirugikan atas keputusan Yusril menjadi pengacara tim sukses Jokowi-Ma’ruf.
Dari Selfish menuju Perilaku Produktif: Pergeseran Paradigma Pengguna Media Sosial
Authors: Dwi Anggraeni Sherly
Published: February 2021

This study aims to find the causes of changes in trends in the use of social media. Social media which is a means for interaction, communication, conveying information effectively and efficiently, saves complex problems. The use of social media then develops not only in the aspect of communication, but also in the production area. Some groups create new jobs on social media and use it as a means to market their products, goods and services. This proves that there has been a shift in the tendency to utilize social media. To find the causes of this change in trend, this study used a qualitative method using Thomas Kuhn's shifting paradigm approach. Through this approach, this study finds that shifting trends are influenced by the dynamics of deviations in using social media that often occur. This deviation gave rise to a crisis that resulted in a significant change in people's behavior in their social reality, so that to overcome this problem, social media users changed their activities in using media to be more productive. The crisis was not only responded to by users but also by social media service providers. In this case, social media service providers begin to improve their quality and features by narrowing the target, so that users can use them specifically according to their needs.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan penyebab adanya perubahan kecenderungan dalam penggunaan media sosial. Media sosial yang merupakan sarana untuk melakukan interaksi, komunikasi, menyampaikan informasi secara efektif dan efisien, menyimpan problem yang kompleks. Pemanfaatan penggunaan media sosial kemudian berkembang tidak hanya dalam aspek komunikasi, akan tetapi masuk dalam wilayah produksi. Beberapa kalangan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru dalam media sosial dan menjadikannya sebagai sarana untuk memasarkan produk, barang dan jasanya. Hal demikian membuktikan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran kecenderungan dalam memanfaatkan media sosial. Untuk menemukan penyebab perubahan kecenderungan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan shifting paradigm Thomas Kuhn. Melalui pendekatan tersebut, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pergeseran kecenderungan dipengaruhi oleh dinamika penyimpangan dalam menggunakan media sosial yang sering terjadi. Penyimpangan ini memunculkan krisis yang berdampak pada perubahan perilaku yang signifikan masyarakat dalam realitas sosialnya, sehingga untuk mengatasi problem tersebut, para pengguna media sosial mengubah aktivitas mereka dalam memanfaatkan media menjadi lebih produktif. Krisis tersebut tidak hanya direpon oleh pengguna akan tetapi juga direspon oleh para penyedia layanan media sosial. Dalam hal ini, penyedia layanan media sosial mulai meningkatkan kualitas dan fiturnya dengan menyempitkan sasaran, sehingga dapat dengan spesifik dimanfaatkan oleh para pengguna sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka.
Discapacidad intelectual y bioética. Necesidad educativa responsable
Authors: Borje Pablo
Published: February 2021

Discapacidad y bioética es una reflexión que busca enfocar su mirada en el factor humano y en cómo el desarrollo de la condición humana es determinante en la vida de una persona con discapacidad intelectual, entendiendo que muchos de los factores que inciden directamente en la discapacidad responden a valores de la sociedad actual y cómo se organiza sistémicamente en torno a los resultados, olvidando a la persona y sus procesos. Desde aquí se plantea a la bioética como un nuevo paradigma social en donde el foco es la persona y, por supuesto, el desarrollo de su condición humana.
Evolution of Hotel Classification System in Russian Federation
Authors: KOZLOV Dmitry Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2021

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the approaches to the system of classification of accommodation facilities in the Russian Federation. The United Nations World Tourism Organization pays great attention to the unification of classification systems for accommodation facilities in all countries of the world, issuing appropriate recommendations on tourism statistics systems, classification of economic activities, as well as criteria for interregional harmonization. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of laws, regulations, state standards, building and sanitary norms and rules concerning the classification of accommodation facilities. They are so imperfect that they have to be revised almost annually or even several times a year. The general statistics of accommodation facilities currently do not correspond to world recommendations. The classification system needs to be revised and brought into line with international standards as much as possible.
Post -Tourism in Booming Indonesian Rural Tourism Industry. A Social Representation Theory Approach
Authors: NUGROHO Tri Wahyu , HANANI Nuhfil , TOIBA Hery , SUJARWO SUJARWO , PURNOMO Mangku
Published: February 2021

Although it is still debatable, rural tourism is deemed to provide economic and social benefits without damaging natural resources and therefore, it is still an important sector for developing country. Indonesia will allocate IDR 72 trillion village fund in 2021 for rural development program in which rural tourism is the main sector after infrastructure, education, and health sectors. Using social representation theory approach, we analysed social representation of rural tourism among visitors and whether the representation was perceived as important or not by rural tourism managers. Survey of 700 tourists and 70 village tourism managers found that words of “tourism attraction”, “economic activities” and “curiosity” attracted attention of tourists, while rural tourism managers only considered “tourism attraction” as focus of the management strategies. There was a knowledge gap between visitors and tourism managers as tourists preferred to see "authenticity" while managers wanted to build an "artificial" attraction. In terms of management practices, the shift in social representation will largely determine their standard of hospitality; it is no longer based on the comfort of the "standard" as we understand, but instead the fulfilment of the social representation of the visitors. This finding has verified the hypothesis of post-tourism theory, which believes that visitors have more attention to get “experience” in their journey rather than to follow traditional view of “attraction”. At the practical level, rural tourism managers can consider the findings to develop their service management to be more in accordance with visitor’s representation rather than their common-sense.
The Impact of Tourism on the Economic Development of Kosovo
Authors: KOVAÇI Idriz , HASANAJ Petrit , KRASNIQI Avni , TAHIRI Alberta
Published: February 2021

The Tourism sector of Kosovo’s Economy is dominated by small and medium economic agents(operators), meanwhile large economic agents(operators) are still under privatisation processes, for this reason there is a necessity for a more favorable sectorial strategy which will provide long term stability to tourism operators, oferring a diverse tourism product portfolio. Based on the methods and models of stabile developments in tourism presented in this paper, tourism operators will find it easier to coordinate with their respective communities and the public sector to promote the clear message to the tourist regarding the tourism products offered of specific tourist destinations. The analysis shows opportunities for the application of, and potential for integration of those operators in the planning of tourism on a significant scale. Following a theoretical review, a model is proposed in the planning of tourism based on their respective communities. To analyse the differences between the theoretical model and practical application, we examine the Tourism Region of the Albanian Alps of Kosovo.The findings in this study highlight the challenges of institutions in seeking to identify appropriate responsibilities and coordination strategies of all agents involved in the processes of the planning and development of  a stabile tourism sector. The Tourism Region taken for example in this paper offers critical evaluation on how to help tourism strategists on their approach in the composition of tourism policy with the aim of helping agents (operators) improve their planning and development methods of tourism, in full cooperation of their respective communities, while also giving aid in guiding organizational direction in seeking new tourism regions in Kosovo.