bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Programming-Based Approach to Model Antigen-Driven Immune Repertoire Synthesis
Authors: Bratus Alexander S. , Bocharov Gennady , Grebennikov Dmitry
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to modeling the repertoire of the immune system and its adaptation in response to the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens associated with their genetic variability. It is based on application of a dynamic programming-based framework to model the antigen-driven immune repertoire synthesis. The processes of formation of new receptor specificity of lymphocytes (the growth of their affinity during maturation) are described by an ordinary differential equation (ODE) with a piecewise-constant right-hand side. Optimal control synthesis is based on the solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation implementing the dynamic programming approach for controlling Gaussian random processes generated by a stochastic differential equation (SDE) with the noise in the form of the Wiener process. The proposed description of the clonal repertoire of the immune system allows us to introduce an integral characteristic of the immune repertoire completeness or the integrative fitness of the whole immune system. The quantitative index for characterizing the immune system fitness is analytically derived using the Feynman–Kac–Kolmogorov equation.
Performance Optimization with LPV Synthesis for Disturbance Attenuation in Planar Motors
Authors: Su Khac Huan , Park Keunhoon , Son Young Seop , Lee Youngwoo
Published: October 2024

Optimizing the performance of motion control systems with variations in nonlinear parameters is not an easy task. To accomplish this task, it is important to design the controller using the linear system approach. In this study, a linear parameter varying (LPV) control method is proposed in which nonlinearities are treated as parameter variations for planar motors. The proposed control method consists of the force and torque modulation with the commutation scheme and the nonlinear current controller with H∞ state feedback control in the form of LPV synthesis to improve the position-tracking performance. An interpolated gain-scheduling controller based on LPV synthesis is determined by applying H∞ control to a linear matrix inequality technique. An interpolated gain-scheduling controller can attenuate disturbance without disturbance estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is evaluated using simulation results and compared with the conventional proportional–integral–derivative control to verify both improved position-tracking performance and disturbance attenuation.
Advanced Study: Improving the Quality of Cooling Water Towers’ Conductivity Using a Fuzzy PID Control Model
Authors: Chen You-Shyang , Hung Ying-Hsun , Lee Mike Yau-Jung , Chang Jieh-Ren , Lin Chien-Ku , Wang Tai-Wen
Published: October 2024

Cooling water towers are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications. Industrial sites frequently have harsh environments, with certain characteristics such as poor air quality, close proximity to the ocean, large quantities of dust, or water supplies with a high mineral content. In such environments, the quality of electrical conductivity in the cooling water towers can be significantly negatively affected. Once minerals (e.g., calcium and magnesium) form in the water, conductivity becomes too high, and cooling water towers can become easily clogged in a short time; this leads to a situation in which the cooling water host cannot be cooled, causing it to crash. This is a serious situation because manufacturing processes are then completely shut down, and production yield is thus severely reduced. To solve these problems, in this study, we develop a practical designation for a photovoltaic industry company called Company-L. Three control methods are proposed: the motor control method, the PID control method, and the fuzzy PID control method. These approaches are proposed as solutions for successfully controlling the forced replenishment and drainage of cooling water towers and controlling the opening of proportional control valves for water release; this will further dilute the electrical conductivity and control it, bringing it to 300 µS/cm. In the experimental processes, we first used practical data from Company-L for our case study. Second, from the experimental results of the proposed model for the motor control method, we can see that if electrical conductivity is out of control and the conductivity value exceeds 1000 µS/cm, the communication software LINE v8.5.0 (accessible via smartphone) displays a notification that the water quality of the cooling water towers requires attention. Third, although the PID control method is shown to have errors within an acceptable range, the proportional (P) controller must be precisely controlled; this control method has not yet reached this precise control in the present study. Finally, the fuzzy PID control method was found to have the greatest effect, with the lowest level of errors and the most accurate control. In conclusion, the present study proposes solutions to reduce the risk of ice-water host machines crashing; the solutions use fuzzy logic and can be used to ensure the smooth operation of manufacturing processes in industries. Practically, this study contributes an applicable technical innovation: the use of the fuzzy PID control model to control cooling water towers in industrial applications. Concurrently, we present a three-tier monitoring checkpoint that contributes to the PID control method.
Optimization of Citrus Pulp Waste-Based Medium for Improved Bacterial Nanocellulose Production
Authors: Minardi Carlotta , Bersanetti Davide , Sarlin Essi , Santala Ville , Mangayil Rahul
Published: October 2024

Bacterial nanocellulose (BC) has attracted significant attention across a wide array of applications due to its distinctive characteristics. Recently, there has been increasing interest in leveraging waste biomass to improve sustainability in BC biogenesis processes. This study focuses on optimizing the citrus pulp waste (CPW) medium to enhance BC production using Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans. The screening of initial medium pH, yeast extract, CPW sugar and inoculum concentrations was conducted using the Plackett–Burman design, with BC yield (mgDW/gCPW) as the model response. The significant parameters, i.e., CPW sugars and yeast extract concentrations, were optimized using response surface methodology, employing a five-level, two-factor central composite design. The optimized CPW-based growth medium resulted in a final yield of 66.7 ± 5.1 mgDW/gCPW, representing a 14-fold increase compared to non-optimized conditions (4.3 ± 0.4 mgBC/gCPW). Material characterization analysis indicated that the produced BC showed high thermal stability (30% mass retained at 600 °C) and a crystallinity index value of 71%. Additionally, to enhance process sustainability, spent baker’s yeast hydrolysate (BYH) was assessed as a substitute for yeast extract, leading to a final BC titer of 9.3 ± 0.6 g/L.
Antibacterial Effects of Black Cumin Seed Oil on Oral Microcosm Biofilms
Authors: Jo Ahyun , Kim Hee-Eun
Published: October 2024

Interest in natural extracts for managing oral biofilms is increasing, with black cumin seed oil (BCSO) demonstrating efficacy against Streptococcus mutans. The effectiveness of antibacterial agents should be evaluated using multi-species oral biofilm models that closely mimic actual conditions. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of BCSO and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on oral microcosm biofilms. Biofilms using human saliva as the inoculum were cultured for 2 days and subsequently treated with 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.5% BCSO, or 0.12% CHX once daily for 6 days. Following treatment, the red fluorescence intensity (RatioR/G) of the oral biofilm; biomass, including extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) levels and live bacteria counts; and colony-forming units (CFUs) of aciduric bacteria were evaluated. RatioR/G after BCSO treatment (1.26 ± 0.03) was not significantly different from that after CHX treatment (p = 0.552). The EPS levels were also not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.743). The live bacteria count was 0.55 times lower in the BCSO-treated group than in the CHX-treated group (p = 0.018). No significant between-group difference was observed in the CFUs of aciduric bacteria (p = 0.935). These results suggest that BCSO exhibits antibacterial effects similar to those of CHX, highlighting its potential as an effective alternative.
Coinfection of Toxoplasma gondii and Other Microorganisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Galván-Ramírez María de la Luz , Soto-Hernández Eber Eduardo , Bojórquez-Pérez Rocío
Published: October 2024

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which has infected a third of the global population. Immunocompromised individuals and children with congenital disorders are most likely to be impacted by toxoplasmosis, and accurate diagnosis is essential. Toxoplasmosis is associated with HIV, schizophrenia, and diabetes. However, few studies have analyzed the association with other microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coinfection of Toxoplasma gondii with other pathogens. From November 1997 to June 2024, PubMed, Science Direct, LAT index, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Research Gate were searched. The keywords used were “Toxoplasma and microorganism coinfection”, “Toxoplasma coinfection and parasites”, “Toxoplasma coinfection and Protozoans or Bacteria or Helminths or Nematodes or Trematodes or Mycobacterium”, “Toxoplasma gondii in coinfection with virus”, and “Human Toxoplasmosis and coinfection”. Next, OpenMeta Analyst Software version 12.11 was used for meta-analysis, creating forest plots, and determining heterogeneity I2. A total of 17,535 patients in 48 articles, of whom 5848 were seropositive to T. gondii, were included in this review. Population studies showed that the prevalence of virus infection was most frequent (32%), followed by parasites (18.4%), bacteria (29.7%), and fungi (5.8%). The pooled prevalence of coinfection was found to be 29.1%, with a lower bound of 0.232, an upper bound of 0.350, a standard error of 0.030, and p < 0.001. Heterogeneity (I2) was 99.12%, p < 0.001, with a global variance tau2 = 0.042. Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunist that mainly affects immunocompromised populations. The main coinfections were found to be viral infections, with HIV ranking first, followed by cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, rubella, herpes simplex 1 and 2, SARS-CoV-2, and coxsackie virus.
Photoinduced Transformations with Diverse Maleimide Scaffolds
Authors: Parthiban Jayachandran , Garg Dipti , Sivaguru Jayaraman
Published: October 2024

Maleimides serve as crucial components in various synthetic processes and are of significant interest to researchers in bioorganic chemistry and biotechnology. Although thermal reactions involving maleimides have been studied extensively, light-mediated reactions with maleimides remain relatively underutilized. This review focuses on understanding the behavior of maleimides in their excited state, particularly their role as synthetic scaffolds for excited-state reactions. Specific emphasis is placed on the diverse photoreactions involving maleimides and photophysical evaluation from our research group.
Distinct Solubilization Mechanisms of Medroxyprogesterone in Gemini Surfactant Micelles: A Comparative Study with Progesterone
Authors: Nakahara Hiromichi , Koga Kazutaka , Matsuoka Keisuke
Published: October 2024

The solubilization behavior of medroxyprogesterone (MP) within gemini surfactant micelles (14-6-14,2Br−) was investigated and compared with that of progesterone to uncover distinct solubilization mechanisms. We employed 1H-NMR and 2D ROESY spectroscopy to elucidate the spatial positioning of MP within the micelle, revealing that MP integrates more deeply into the micellar core. This behavior is linked to the unique structural features of MP, particularly its 17β-acetyl group, which promotes enhanced interactions with the hydrophobic regions of the micelle, while the 6α-methyl group interacts with the hydrophilic regions of the micelle. The 2D ROESY correlations specifically highlighted interactions between the hydrophobic chains of the surfactant and two protons of MP, H22 and H19. Complementary machine learning and electron density analyses supported these spectroscopic findings, underscoring the pivotal role of the molecular characteristics of MP in its solubilization behavior. These insights into the solubilization dynamics of MP not only advance our understanding of hydrophobic compound incorporation in gemini surfactant micelles but also indicate the potential of 14-6-14,2Br− micelles for diverse drug delivery applications.
Precious Cargo: The Role of Polymeric Nanoparticles in the Delivery of Covalent Drugs
Authors: Weissberger Daniel , Stenzel Martina H. , Hunter Luke
Published: October 2024

Covalent drugs can offer significant advantages over non-covalent drugs in terms of pharmacodynamics (i.e., target-binding properties). However, the development of covalent drugs is sometimes hampered by pharmacokinetic limitations (e.g., low bioavailability, rapid metabolism and toxicity due to off-target binding). Polymeric nanoparticles offer a potential solution to these limitations. Delivering covalent drugs via polymeric nanoparticles provides myriad benefits in terms of drug solubility, permeability, lifetime, selectivity, controlled release and the opportunity for synergistic administration alongside other drugs. In this short review, we examine each of these benefits in turn, illustrated through multiple case studies.
Biomass-Derived-Carbon-Supported Spinel Cobalt Molybdate as High-Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Baoli , Yang Xiujiu , Chen Yan , Wang Jiahan , Lan Mingguo , Tang Kai , Yang Feng
Published: October 2024

Ananas comosus leaves were converted to a porous graphitized carbon (GPLC) material via a high-temperature pyrolysis method by employing iron salt as a catalyst. A cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4)-and-GPLC composite (CoMoO4/GPLC) was then prepared by engineering CoMoO4 nanorods in situ, grown on GPLC. N2 adsorption–desorption isothermal curves and a pore size distribution curve verify that the proposed composite possesses a porous structure and a large specific surface area, which are favorable for charge and reactant transport and the rapid escape of O2 bubbles. Consequently, the as-synthesized CoMoO4/GPLC shows low overpotentials of 289 mV and 399 mV to afford the current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is superior to many CoMoO4-based catalysts in previous studies. In addition, the decrease in current density is particularly small, with a reduction rate of 3.2% after a continuous OER procedure for 30 h, indicating its good stability. The excellent performance of the CoMoO4/GPLC composite proves that the GPLC carrier can obviously impel the catalytic activity of CoMoO4 by improving electrical conductivity, enhancing mass transport and exposing more active sites of the composite. This work provides an effective strategy for the efficient conversion of waste ananas comosus leaves to a biomass-derived-carbon-supported Co-Mo-based OER electrocatalyst with good performance, which may represent a potential approach to the development of new catalysts for OER, as well as the treatment of waste biomass.
Longitudinal and Transverse 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxivities of Lanthanide Ions in Aqueous Solution up to 1.4 GHz/33 T
Authors: Nasser Din Rami , Venu Aiswarya Chalikunnath , Rudszuck Thomas , Vallet Alicia , Favier Adrien , Powell Annie K. , Guthausen Gisela , Ibrahim Masooma , Krämer Steffen
Published: October 2024

The longitudinal and transverse nuclear magnetic resonance relaxivity dispersion (NMRD) of 1H in water induced by the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) of dissolved lanthanide ions (Ln3+) can become very strong. Longitudinal and transverse 1H NMRD for Gd3+, Dy3+, Er3+ and Ho3+ were measured from 20 MHz/0.47 T to 1382 MHz/32.5 T, which extended previous studies by a factor of more than two in the frequency range. For the NMRD above 800 MHz, we used a resistive magnet, which exhibits reduced field homogeneity and stability in comparison to superconducting and permanent NMR magnets. These drawbacks were addressed by dedicated NMRD methods. In a comparison of NMRD measurements between 800 MHz and 950 MHz performed in both superconducting and resistive magnets, it was found that the longitudinal relaxivities were almost identical. However, the magnetic field fluctuations of the resistive magnet strongly perturbed the transverse relaxation. The longitudinal NMRDs are consistent with previous work up to 600 MHz. The transverse NMRD nearly scales with the longitudinal one with a factor close to one. The data can be interpreted within a PRE model that comprises the dipolar hyperfine interactions between the 1H and the paramagnetic ions, as well as a Curie spin contribution that is dominant at high magnetic fields for Dy3+, Er3+ and Ho3+. Our findings provide a solid methodological basis and valuable quantitative insights for future high-frequency NMRD studies, enhancing the measurement accuracy and applicability of PRE models for paramagnetic ions in aqueous solutions.
Research on the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Evolution of Sodium-Ion Batteries in Different States
Authors: Shu Xiong , Li Yongjing , Yang Bowen , Wang Qiong , Punyawudho Konlayutt
Published: October 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundant availability of sodium, lower costs, and comparable electrochemical performance characteristics. A thorough understanding of their performance features is essential for the widespread adoption and application of SIBs. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the output characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) features of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) under various states. The research results show that, unlike conventional lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, SIBs exhibit a strong linear relationship between state of charge (SOC) and open-circuit voltage (OCV) across various SOC and temperature conditions. Additionally, the discharge capacity of the battery remains relatively stable within a temperature range of 15 °C to 35 °C; when the temperatures are outside this range, the available capacity of the sodium-ion battery reduces significantly. Moreover, the EIS profiles in the high-frequency region are predominantly influenced by the ohmic internal resistance, which remains largely unaffected by SOC variations. In contrast, the low-frequency region demonstrates a significant correlation between SOC and impedance, with higher SOC values resulting in reduced impedance, indicated by smaller semicircle radii in the EIS curves. This finds highlights that EIS profiling can effectively monitor SOC and state of health (SOH) in SIBs, offering a clear correlation between impedance parameters and the battery’s operational state. The research not only advances our understanding of the electrochemical properties of SIBs but also provides a valuable reference for the design and application of sodium-ion battery systems in various scenarios.
Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Extracts of the Pericarp of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima at Two Stages of Ripening
Authors: Justil-Guerrero Hugo Jesús , Arroyo-Acevedo Jorge Luis , Rojas-Armas Juan Pedro , García-Bustamante Carlos Orlando , Palomino-Pacheco Miriam , Almonacid-Román Robert Dante , Calva Torres James Willan
Published: October 2024

Chronic disease inflammation requires safe complementary treatments. The pericarp of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (PTM) contains potential anti-inflammatory metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive components, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory effects of PTM extracts at two ripening stages. The bioactive compounds in the hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of mature and green pericarps were identified by GC-MS and UV–VIS, while the antioxidant capacity was measured by free radical reduction. Anti-inflammatory effects were tested using a rat paw edema model with carrageenan-induced edema, indomethacin, or PTM extracts (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg). The effect of mature hydrophilic extract was further evaluated in an air pouch model, where rats received the placebo, carrageenan, indomethacin, or the extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg). Leukocytes, cytokines, and markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed the presence of organic compounds, total phenols, and flavonoids. The mature hydrophilic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. At 500 mg/kg, it reduced edema, leukocyte migration, and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α while managing oxidative stress and preventing histological damage. In conclusion, PTM contains bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological properties. The hydrophilic extract of the mature pericarp, at a dose of 500 mg/kg, exhibits an enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of SnTe via Introducing Resonant Levels
Authors: Yang Manman , Jia Jin , Yu Haijun , Li Yimin , Han Lu , Sun Hairui , Jia Haowen , Zhu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

SnTe has emerged as a non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to the high-performance thermoelectric material PbTe, attracting significant interest in sustainable energy applications. In our previous work, we successfully synthesized high-quality SnTe with reduced thermal conductivity under high-pressure conditions. Building on this, in this work, we introduced indium (In) doping to further decrease thermal conductivity under high pressure. By incorporating resonance doping into the SnTe matrix, we aimed to enhance the electrical transport properties while maintaining low thermal conductivity. This approach enhances the Seebeck coefficient to an impressive 153 μVK−1 at 735 K, marking a notable enhancement compared to undoped SnTe. Furthermore, we noted a substantial decrease in total thermal conductivity, dropping from 6.91 to 3.88 Wm−1K−1 at 325 K, primarily due to the reduction in electrical conductivity. The synergistic impact of decreased thermal conductivity and heightened Seebeck coefficient resulted in a notable improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) and average ZT, achieving approximately 0.5 and 0.22 in the doped samples, respectively. These advancements establish Sn1−xInxTe as a promising candidate to replace PbTe in thermoelectric applications, providing a safer and more environmentally sustainable option.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Melon Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Gene Family in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses
Authors: Yang Dekun , Chen Hongli , Zhang Yu , Wang Yan , Zhai Yongqi , Xu Gang , Ding Qiangqiang , Wang Mingxia , Zhang Qi-an , Lu Xiaomin , Yan Congsheng
Published: October 2024

Through the integration of genomic information, transcriptome sequencing data, and bioinformatics methods, we conducted a comprehensive identification of the ALDH gene family in melon. We explored the impact of this gene family on melon growth, development, and their expression patterns in various tissues and under different stress conditions. Our study discovered a total of 17 ALDH genes spread across chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, and 12 in the melon genome. Through a phylogenetic analysis, these genes were classified into 10 distinct subfamilies. Notably, genes within the same subfamily exhibited consistent gene structures and conserved motifs. Our study discovered a pair of fragmental duplications within the melon ALDH gene. Furthermore, there was a noticeable collinearity relationship between the melon’s ALDH gene and that of Arabidopsis (12 times), and rice (3 times). Transcriptome data reanalysis revealed that some ALDH genes consistently expressed highly across all tissues and developmental stages, while others were tissue- or stage-specific. We analyzed the ALDH gene’s expression patterns under six stress types, namely salt, cold, waterlogged, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt, and gummy stem blight. The results showed differential expression of CmALDH2C4 and CmALDH11A3 under all stress conditions, signifying their crucial roles in melon growth and stress response. RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) analysis further corroborated these findings. This study paves the way for future genetic improvements in melon molecular breeding.
Efficient Optimization: Unveiling the Application of Ensemble Learning Combined with the CMA-ES Algorithm in Hydraulic Fracturing Design
Authors: Fu Jianmin , Sun Xiaofei , Ma Zhengchao , Yu Jiansheng , Zhang Qilong , Hao Bo , Wang Qiang , Hu Hao , Wang Tianyu
Published: October 2024

Optimizing fracturing parameters is crucial for enhancing production and reducing costs in oil and gas exploration and development. Effectively integrating geological and engineering parameters for the automated optimization of fracturing design continues to pose challenges. This study utilizes the cluster-based local outlier factor method for anomaly detection and removal from the dataset, significantly enhancing data quality. By integrating diverse models, including tree-based models and neural networks, an ensemble model for production prediction was developed. This approach successfully addresses the limitations of relying on a single model and achieves high-precision production forecasting. Furthermore, a Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES)-based framework was established to comprehensively optimize the design parameters of fracturing projects. Optimization practices for two selected wells resulted in a 168.54% increase in production and identified the optimal design parameter configuration for all cases studied. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed ensemble prediction model and optimization framework in practical applications. Data-driven optimization strategies are expected to play a larger role in future oil and gas development, driving technological innovation and advancement in the field.
Enhanced Carbon/Oxygen Ratio Logging Interpretation Methods and Applications in Offshore Oilfields
Authors: Zhou Wei , Lin Yaoting , Gao Gang , Wang Peng
Published: October 2024

As the development of most domestic and international oilfields progresses, many fields have entered a mature phase characterized by high water cut and high recovery, with water cut levels often exceeding 90%. Carbon/oxygen ratio logging has proven to be an indispensable tool for distinguishing oil layers from water layers in complex environments, especially where salinity is low, unknown, or highly variable. This logging method has become one of the most effective techniques for determining residual oil saturation in cased wells, providing critical insights into the oil–water interface. In this study, we evaluate two key interpretation models for carbon/oxygen ratio logging: the fan chart method and the ratio chart method. We optimize the interpretation parameters in the ratio chart model using an improved genetic algorithm, which significantly enhances interpretation precision. The optimized parameters enable a more seamless integration of logging results with reservoir and conventional logging data, reducing the influence of lithological variations and physical property differences on the measurements. This research establishes a robust theoretical foundation for enhancing the interpretation accuracy of carbon/oxygen ratio logging, which is crucial for effectively identifying water-flooded layers. These advancements provide vital technical support for monitoring oil–water dynamics, optimizing reservoir management, and improving production efficiency in oilfield development.
Use of Deep-Learning-Accelerated Gradient Approximation for Reservoir Geological Parameter Estimation
Authors: Xiao Cong , Liu Ting , Zhang Lufeng , Li Zhun
Published: October 2024

The estimation of space-varying geological parameters is often not computationally affordable for high-dimensional subsurface reservoir modeling systems. The adjoint method is generally regarded as an efficient approach for obtaining analytical gradient and, thus, proceeding with the gradient-based iteration algorithm; however, the infeasible memory requirement and computational demands strictly prohibit its generic implementation, especially for high-dimensional problems. The autoregressive neural network (aNN) model, as a nonlinear surrogate approximation, has gradually received increasing popularity due to significant reduction of computational cost, but one prominent limitation is that the generic application of aNN to large-scale reservoir models inevitably poses challenges in the training procedure, which remains unresolved. To address this issue, model-order reduction could be a promising strategy, which enables us to train the neural network in a very efficient manner. A very popular projection-based linear reduction method, i.e., propel orthogonal decomposition (POD), is adopted to achieve dimensionality reduction. This paper presents an architecture of a projection-based autoregressive neural network that efficiently derives an easy-to-use adjoint model by the use of an auto-differentiation module inside the popular deep learning frameworks. This hybrid neural network proxy, referred to as POD-aNN, is capable of speeding up derivation of reduced-order adjoint models. The performance of POD-aNN is validated through a synthetic 2D subsurface transport model. The use of POD-aNN significantly reduces the computation cost while the accuracy remains. In addition, our proposed POD-aNN can easily obtain multiple posterior realizations for uncertainty evaluation. The developed POD-aNN emulator is a data-driven approach for reduced-order modeling of nonlinear dynamic systems and, thus, should be a very efficient modeling tool to address many engineering applications related to intensive simulation-based optimization.
“Written upon the Stones”: Of the Cyclops, the Shamir and Other Legends of Origin in Benjamin of Tudela’s Book of Travels
Authors: Baratz Nimrod
Published: October 2024

This paper examines legends on the origins (aetiologies) of places and placenames in Benjamin of Tudela’s travel account. Origin stories are prevalent in medieval travelogues, but Hebrew travel accounts employ a unique form that is embedded in placenames. Midrash Shem (מדרש שם), as this form is known in Jewish tradition, is the homiletical interpretation of names, typically characterized in some measure by wordplay. I suggest that these legends and placenames serve Hebrew travel literature both as an evidential tool and as an artistic means of expression, contributing to the construction of “known” and “foreign” lands and peoples, and consequently to the formulation of group identities. En route to the foreign and unknown, yet “own”, holy Eretz Yisrael, Benjamin of Tudela encounters Jewish communities and records a variety of aetiologies throughout the Middle East. In retelling the origins of the travelled landscape, he transmits local mythical, theological and historical content as well as particular Jewish-diasporic socio-political realities. Diversely told origins of Roman architecture, scattered across most of Benjamin’s account, show how these local traditions varied. Some aetiologies fuse traditional with foreign content to affirm a sense of belonging under foreign rule, while others actively undermine established non-Jewish narratives or even oppose competing Jewish narratives.
Effects of Maturation on Plantar Flexor Activity and Achilles Tendon Stiffness in Vertical Jumping: Sex Differences
Authors: Paschaleri Zacharoula , Chalatzoglidis Georgios , Kannas Theodoros , Arabatzi Fotini
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maturation on vertical jumping performance, in adolescent boys and girls, concerning plantar flexor activity and Achilles tendon (AT) stiffness. Thirty-nine adolescents were tested in a counter-movement jump (CMJ) at three different time points: 18 and 9 months before peak height velocity (PHV) and at PHV. The EMG activity of the medialis gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was evaluated, in relation to jump height. Boys showed higher jumping ability and AT stiffness than girls. Additionally, boys revealed increased eccentric (ecc) and concentric (con) MG activity, along with decreased ecc and con TA activity, near PHV. On the other hand, girls showed increased ecc and con TA/MG co-contraction compared to boys, mainly near PHV. In conclusion, a different mechanism of vertical jumping performance is adopted between early adolescent boys and girls. Nevertheless, no notable alterations in jumping capability were detected over time, indicating that the maturation process does not influence stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) performance.
AI-Powered E-Learning for Lifelong Learners: Impact on Performance and Knowledge Application
Authors: Ahn Hyun Yong
Published: October 2024

The widespread integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as generative AI tools like ChatGPT, in education and workplaces requires a clear understanding of the factors that influence their adoption and effectiveness. This study explores how the ease of using AI tools, the ability to apply knowledge gained from them, and users’ confidence in learning with AI impact individuals’ performance and frequency of use. We also examine how these factors affect academic success and job performance among adults engaged in lifelong learning. Using data from 300 participants analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we found that, when AI tools are easy to use, individuals experience greater benefits and are more likely to use them regularly. Applying knowledge from AI tools enhances both personal performance and usage frequency. Additionally, having confidence in one’s ability to learn with AI leads to significant improvements in personal outcomes and an increased use of AI tools. These findings highlight the importance of designing user-friendly AI technologies, promoting the practical application of AI-generated knowledge, and building users’ confidence to maximize the benefits of AI. Educators, policymakers, and AI developers can use these insights to develop strategies that enhance academic and job performance through effective AI integration. Future research should consider other influencing factors and employ longitudinal studies to further validate these findings.
Sustainable and Collaborative Health Promotion in Urban Communities: Practical Implementation and Outcomes Based on Community Capital
Authors: Hou Chia-Hui
Published: October 2024

In the context of rapid urbanization, leveraging community capital for health promotion to achieve sustainable community development has become a critical issue. This study examines 60 communities in Taipei City through a resource inventory, application analysis, and impact assessment to explore the effects of community capital and community building on sustainable development. Key findings include: Resource Inventory: The 60 communities identified a total of 3407 resources, averaging 68.14 resources per community. These resources encompass social capital (e.g., community organizations and volunteers), human capital (e.g., professional skills and education), physical capital (e.g., facilities and venues), and financial capital (e.g., funding and grants). Resource Application: of 752 resources applied, 48.5% were for teacher matching, and 24.7% for venue borrowing, highlighting a high demand for these resources in health promotion. Regression Analysis: The results show that social capital (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) and human capital (β = 0.29, p < 0.05) significantly enhance community sustainability. Additionally, the frequency of community-building activities (β = 0.31, p < 0.01) positively correlates with sustainable development. Overall, the study confirms the importance of community capital and community building in fostering sustainable development, emphasizing the need to enhance social and human capital for community health and sustainability.
Multidisciplinary Review of Induction Stove Technology: Technological Advances, Societal Impacts, and Challenges for Its Widespread Use
Authors: Romero-Arismendi Nestor O. , Olivares-Galvan Juan C. , Escarela-Perez Rafael , Hernandez-Avila Jose L. , Jimenez-Mondragon Victor M. , Gonzalez-Montañez Felipe
Published: October 2024

Induction stoves are increasingly recognized as the future of cooking technology due to their numerous benefits, including enhanced energy efficiency, improved safety, and precise cooking control. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the key technological advancements in induction stoves, while also examining the societal and health impacts that need to be addressed to support their widespread adoption. Induction stoves operate based on the principle of eddy currents induced in metal cookware, which generate heat directly within the pot, reducing cooking times and increasing energy efficiency compared with conventional gas and electric stoves. Moreover, induction stoves are considered an environmentally sustainable option, as they contribute to improvements in indoor air quality by reducing emissions associated with fuel combustion during cooking. However, ongoing research is essential to ensure the safe and effective use of this technology on a broader scale.
Technologies for Increasing the Control Efficiency of Small Spacecraft with Solar Panels by Taking into Account Temperature Shock
Authors: Sedelinkov Andrey , Nikolaeva Alexandra , Serdakova Valeria , Khnyryova Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The problem of the effective control of a small spacecraft is very relevant for solving a number of target tasks. Such tasks include, for example, remote sensing of the Earth or the implementation of gravity-sensitive processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technologies for controlling small spacecraft. These technologies must take into account a number of disturbing factors that have not been taken into account previously. Temperature shock is one such factor for small spacecraft with solar panels. Therefore, the goal of the work is to create a new technology for controlling a small spacecraft based on a mathematical model of the stressed/deformed state of a solar panel during a temperature shock. The main methods for solving the problem are mathematical methods for solving initial/boundary value problems, in particular, the initial/boundary value problem of the third kind. As a result, an approximate solution for the deformation of a solar panel during a temperature shock was obtained. This solution is more general than those obtained previously. In particular, it satisfies the symmetrical condition of the solar panel. This could not be achieved by the previous solutions. We also observe an improvement (as compared to the previous solutions) in the fulfillment of the boundary conditions for the whole duration of the temperature shock. Based on this, a new technology for controlling a small spacecraft was created and its effectiveness was demonstrated. Application of the developed technology will improve the performance of the target tasks such as remote sensing of the Earth or the implementation of gravity-sensitive processes.
Oxidative Dissolution and the Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles in Drinking and Natural Waters: The Influence of the Medium on the Process Development
Authors: Ershov Vadim A. , Ershov Boris G.
Published: October 2024

Currently, there are quite a few data on the ways silver nanoparticles get into the aquatic environment, on their subsequent dissolution in water, and on the release of toxic Ag+ ions. Differences in the experimental conditions hinder the determination of the basic regularities of this process. In this study, the stages of oxidative dissolution of AgNPs were studied, starting from the formation of silver hydrosol in deaerated solution, the reaction of silver with oxygen and with drinking and natural waters, the analysis of intermediate species of the oxidized colloidal particles, and the subsequent particle aggregation and precipitation, by optical spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, STEM, and EDX. In the presence of oxygen, silver nanoparticles undergo oxidative dissolution, which gives Ag+ ions and results in the subsequent aggregation of nanoparticles. The carbonate hydrosol loses stability when mixed with waters of various origin. This is due to the destruction of the electric double layer, which is caused by an increase in the solution’s ionic strength and the neutralization of the charge of the metal core. The environmental hazard of the silver nanoparticle hydrosol would noticeably change and/or decrease when the nanoparticles get into natural waters because of their fast precipitation and because the major part of released Ag+ ions form poorly soluble salts with ions present in water.
Effects of Ciprofloxacin on the Production and Composition of Cellular Microcystins in Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Wan Liang , Huang Rong , Zhou Yan , Guo Jiahao , Jiao Yiying , Gao Jian
Published: October 2024

Antibiotics can affect the photosynthetic system of Microcystis, potentially altering the balance of carbon and nitrogen, which may influence the synthesis of different microcystin (MC) congeners. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which antibiotics affect the synthesis of various MC congeners in Microcystis remain unknown. In this study, the effects of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the growth, carbon and nitrogen balance, amino acid composition, mcyB gene expression, and production of different MC congeners were investigated in two toxin-producing strains of Microcystis aeruginosa. The results show that CIP exposure significantly inhibited the growth of both strains, achieving an inhibition rate of 71.75% in FACHB-315 and 41.13% in FACHB-915 at 8 μg/L CIP by the end of the cultivation. The intracellular C:N ratio in FACHB-315 increased by 51.47%, while no significant change was observed in FACHB-915. The levels of leucine, tyrosine, and arginine, as identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS, were significantly altered at higher CIP concentrations, leading to a reduction in leucine percentage and a notable increase in tyrosine in both strains, which contributed to a reduction in MC-LR proportion and an increase in MC-RR and MC-YR proportion. Additionally, the expression of the mcyB gene was upregulated by as much as 5.57 times, indicating that antibiotic stress could enhance MC synthesis at the genetic level, contributing to the increased toxicity of cyanobacteria. These findings emphasize the significant role of CIP in the biochemical processes of M. aeruginosa, particularly in MC synthesis and composition, providing valuable insights into the ecological risks posed by antibiotics and harmful cyanobacteria.
Scabies in 604 Patients: A Glimpse into the Disease Burden and Its Associated Mortality in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Pascoe Ao Ting , Wong Samson Sai-Yin , Ng Kenneth Ho Leung
Published: October 2024

Scabies is a worldwide parasitic dermatosis with a significant health burden on the young and the elderly. Statistics about the prevalence of scabies in Hong Kong are not available. This is a retrospective study of patients from a regional hospital cluster in Hong Kong with microscopy-documented Sarcoptes scabiei infestations from January 2018 to December 2022. The condition was categorised into classical scabies and crusted scabies upon clinical presentation. Demographic data, comorbid diseases, mobility and residential status, seasonal variability, secondary bacterial infection, treatment and outcomes were described. These were compared between classic and crusted scabies. In total, 604 patients were identified, representing 51.65 per 100,000 discharged patients during the study period. The median age was 84 years and 54.5% were male. The majority (506 or 83.8%) came from residential care homes for the elderly. The mean time from admission to diagnosis was 8.8 days for community-acquired infestation. There were 564 and 40 cases of classic and crusted scabies, respectively. The two groups of patients were comparable in terms of residence in elderly homes, co-existing chronic illnesses, mobility, and time from admission to diagnosis. Forty-five (7.5%) patients had positive blood cultures temporally associated with scabies. Patients with crusted scabies were at higher risk for bacteraemia (7/40 versus 38/564, p = 0.022). Permethrin and benzyl benzoate were the most popular treatment regimens, with treatment failure observed in 59/397 (14.4%) and 18/173 (10.4%), respectively. There were 172 (28.5%) mortalities within 30 days of scabies diagnosis. Thus, the burden of scabies infestation is significant in Hong Kong. Hospitalised patients diagnosed with scabies are mainly senior citizens living in residential care homes for the elderly, suggesting reservoirs of S. scabiei in the community. Of concern, bacteraemic illnesses are common and significant mortality is temporarily associated with infestation. With a rising elderly population, there is a pressing need to understand and control scabies in Hong Kong. Our study did not find that common medical illness, besides immunosuppressive therapy, predisposed patients to crusted scabies. The crusted form of scabies was associated with a higher risk of bacteraemia. The current study provides a better perspective of the disease load of scabies in Hong Kong.
Spinor–Vector Duality and Mirror Symmetry
Authors: Faraggi Alon E.
Published: October 2024

Mirror symmetry was first observed in worldsheet string constructions, and was shown to have profound implications in the Effective Field Theory (EFT) limit of string compactifications, and for the properties of Calabi–Yau manifolds. It opened up a new field in pure mathematics, and was utilised in the area of enumerative geometry. Spinor–Vector Duality (SVD) is an extension of mirror symmetry. This can be readily understood in terms of the moduli of toroidal compactification of the Heterotic String, which includes the metric the antisymmetric tensor field and the Wilson line moduli. In terms of the toroidal moduli, mirror symmetry corresponds to mappings of the internal space moduli, whereas Spinor–Vector Duality corresponds to maps of the Wilson line moduli. In the past few of years, we demonstrated the existence of Spinor–Vector Duality in the effective field theory compactifications of string theories. This was achieved by starting with a worldsheet orbifold construction that exhibited Spinor–Vector Duality and resolving the orbifold singularities, hence generating a smooth, effective field theory limit with an imprint of the Spinor–Vector Duality. Just like mirror symmetry, the Spinor–Vector Duality can be used to study the properties of complex manifolds with vector bundles. Spinor–Vector Duality offers a top-down approach to the “Swampland” program, by exploring the imprint of the symmetries of the ultra-violet complete worldsheet string constructions in the effective field theory limit. The SVD suggests a demarcation line between (2,0) EFTs that possess an ultra-violet complete embedding versus those that do not.