bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a novel GABA‐B positive allosteric modulator, ASP8062, on alcohol cue‐elicited craving and naturalistic alcohol consumption in a multisite randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Schacht Joseph P. , Ray Lara A. , Miranda Robert , Falk Daniel E. , Ryan Megan L. , Sakai Joseph T. , Miotto Karen , Chun Thomas , Scott Charles , Ransom Janet , Alsharif Nour , Ito Mototsugu , Litten Raye Z.
Published: December 2024

Background

The γ‐aminobutyric acid‐B (GABAB) receptor is a promising target for the development of new medications to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). The GABAB agonist baclofen has been reported to reduce alcohol consumption but is associated with some undesirable side effects, including sedation. ASP8062 is a novel compound that acts as a positive allosteric modulator at the GABAB receptor and may be more tolerable than baclofen. This proof‐of‐concept human laboratory clinical trial evaluated the safety profile of ASP8062 and tested its effects on cue‐elicited alcohol craving and alcohol use among treatment‐seeking individuals with AUD.

Methods

This double‐blind, randomized, multisite trial tested the effect of ASP8062 (25 mg once daily), relative to placebo, on alcohol cue‐elicited craving in a laboratory setting and alcohol consumption, craving, mood, sleep, cigarette smoking, and alcohol‐related consequences in the natural environment over a 6‐week treatment period. Participants were 60 individuals (26 females and 34 males) with moderate or severe AUD.

Results

ASP8062, relative to placebo, was well tolerated, and there were no adverse events (AEs) that significantly differed between treatment groups. Most AEs were mild/moderate, and there were no serious AEs among individuals treated with ASP8062. However, ASP8062 did not attenuate alcohol cue‐elicited craving compared with placebo. Moreover, exploratory analyses indicated that ASP8062, relative to placebo, did not significantly affect alcohol consumption, naturalistic alcohol craving, mood, sleep, cigarette smoking, or alcohol‐related negative consequences during the 6‐week treatment period.

Conclusions

Although ASP8062 was well tolerated with no serious AEs, the novel compound did not significantly dampen alcohol cue‐elicited craving or improve other AUD‐related outcome measures. These data indicate positive allosteric modulation of the GABAB receptor at the dose evaluated here may not blunt alcohol cue‐elicited craving, and preliminary drinking outcome data suggest it may not be an efficacious treatment strategy for AUD.
Invasion of the four kingdoms: the parasite journey across plant and non‐plant hosts
Authors: Perlin Michael H. , Poulin Robert , de Bekker Charissa
Published: December 2024

Parasites have a rich and long natural history among biological entities, and it has been suggested that parasites are one of the most significant factors in the evolution of their hosts. However, it has been emphasized less frequently how co‐evolution has undoubtedly also shaped the paths of parasites. It may seem safe to assume that specific differences among the array of potential hosts for particular parasites have restricted and diversified their evolutionary pathways and strategies for survival. Nevertheless, if one looks closely enough at host and parasite, one finds commonalities, both in terms of host defences and parasite strategies to out‐manoeuvre them. While such analyses have been the source of numerous reviews, they are generally limited to interactions between, at most, one kingdom of parasite with two kingdoms of host (e.g. similarities in animal and plant host responses against fungi). With the aim of extending this view, we herein critically evaluate the similarities and differences across all four eukaryotic host kingdoms (plants, animals, fungi, and protists) and their parasites. In doing so, we show that hosts tend to share common strategies for defence, including both physical and behavioural barriers, and highly evolved immune responses, in particular innate immunity. Parasites have, similarly, evolved convergent strategies to counter these defences, including mechanisms of active penetration, and evading the host's innate and/or adaptive immune responses. Moreover, just as hosts have evolved behaviours to avoid parasites, many parasites have adaptations to manipulate host phenotype, physiologically, reproductively, and in terms of behaviour. Many of these strategies overlap in the host and parasite, even across wide phylogenetic expanses. That said, specific differences in host physiology and immune responses often necessitate different adaptations for parasites exploiting fundamentally different hosts. Taken together, this review facilitates hypothesis‐driven investigations of parasite–host interactions that transcend the traditional kingdom‐based research fields.
A Novel Homozygous Synonymous Variant in CCDC134 as a Cause of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type XXII
Authors: Ning Haiping , Liang Cuili , Mei Huifen , Yuan Dejian , Wei Xiaobao , Huang Xiao , Tan Dongdong , Tan Jianqiang
Published: December 2024

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of rare, inherited connective tissue disorders. It includes over 20 defined subtypes, each of which is associated with distinct causative genes that are listed in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. Type XXII OI (OI 22) is caused by a homozygous variant in the coiled‐coil domain containing 134 (CCDC134) gene, which is located on chromosome 22q13. OI, which is associated with CCDC134, is extremely rare with only five cases reported worldwide. All known cases involve the c.2 T > C (p. Met1Thr) homozygous missense variant in the CCDC134 gene. We present the case of a 13‐year‐old Chinese girl with non‐union fracture, short stature and specific radiographic findings, which include scoliosis, pelvic tilt, thin clavicles, ribs, and limbs. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel, homozygous c.492G > C (p. Leu164=) variation in the CCDC134 gene. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis identified this variant as an abnormal splicing variant that causes the deletion of Exon 5, which result in the observed disease phenotype. This case demonstrates the clinical phenotype of OI 22 associated with the c.492G > C (p. Leu164=) novel synonymous variation in the coding region of the CCDC134 gene in a female patient. This is the first reported case of OI 22 in the Chinese population, the sixth reported worldwide and the fourth reported genotype for diseases associated with a CCDC134 variant. It also enriches the global clinical phenotype spectrum of OI 22 patients.
Effect of carrot intake on glucose tolerance, microbiota, and gene expression in a type 2 diabetes mouse model
Authors: Kobaek‐Larsen Morten , Maschek Sina , Kolstrup Stefanie Hansborg , Højlund Kurt , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Christensen Lars Porskjær
Published: December 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology involves insulin resistance (IR) and inadequate insulin secretion. Current T2D management includes dietary adjustments and/or oral medications such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Carrots have shown to contain bioactive acetylenic oxylipins that are partial agonists of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (Pparg) that mimic the antidiabetic effect of TZDs without any adverse effects. TZDs exert hypoglycemic effects through activation of Pparg and through the regulation of the gut microbiota (GM) producing short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which impact glucose and energy homeostasis, promote intestinal gluconeogenesis, and influence insulin signaling pathways. This study investigated the metabolic effects of carrot intake in a T2D mouse model, elucidating underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed a low‐fat diet (LFD), high‐fat diet (HFD), or adjusted HFD supplemented with 10% carrot powder for 16 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted at weeks 0 and 16. Fecal, cecum, and colon samples, as well as tissue samples, were collected at week 16 during the autopsy. Results showed improved oral glucose tolerance in the HFD carrot group compared to HFD alone after 16 weeks. GM analysis demonstrated increased diversity and compositional changes in the cecum of mice fed HFD with carrot relative to HFD. These findings suggest the potential effect of carrots in T2D management, possibly through modulation of GM. Gene expression analysis revealed no significant alterations in adipose or muscle tissue between diet groups. Further research into carrot‐derived bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action is warranted for developing effective dietary strategies against T2D.
A Geostatistical Approach to Estimate South Atlantic Swordfish Abundance From Commercial Catch Data
Authors: Rodrigues Silvaneide Luzinete , Andrade Humber Agrelli
Published: December 2024

We estimated relative abundance of South Atlantic Swordfish (Xiphias gladius), a highly migratory marine species, from commercial fishing data using a three‐step analysis protocol. First, we modeled catch rate based on variables affecting the catch rate to rule out effects of catchability‐related factors. Next, we analyzed residuals to identify autocorrelation. Last, we used an area‐weighed recursive algorithm that considered spatial autocorrelation for each year within the analysis period. Commercial South Atlantic swordfish catch data from the Brazilian pelagic longline fleet were analyzed. Swordfish accounted for the highest spatial dependence in distance in 2005 (456 km), 2008 (111 km), 2012 (80 km), and 2014 (443 km), as well as for the lowest in 2011 and 2013 (average = 15.45 km). A downward trend in swordfish abundance between 2010 and 2017 was detected several years earlier than conventional standardized indices, so our proposed index is an alternative, and potentially more accurate, index of swordfish population dynamics in the South Atlantic. Our findings highlight the need to integrate multiple approaches into assessments of the abundance of marine species.
‘A shared vision and a common enemy’: Reframing narratives of crisis and climate politics through Aotearoa's COVID‐19 response and recovery
Authors: Cretney Raven , White Iain
Published: December 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic catalysed a time of significant upheaval and change at multiple levels of politics and society. Early on, connections were made with the climate crisis. This featured strongly in global calls for a green recovery and the opportunities for pandemic stimulus to spur co‐benefits with climate action. Highlighting the global and cascading nature of crises in the Anthropocene, the pandemic provided an opportunity to shed light on the political and societal determinants of multiple crises and the often temporary hopes for transformation that arise in their wake. While there is much literature on how crises provide these ‘windows of opportunity’ for attention and resources, there is much less attention on how the experience of, and discourses associated with, an emergent crisis reframe the politics of more chronic ones. This paper uses an analysis of media articles released during the pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand to analyse the ways that COVID‐19 reframed narratives relating to climate change politics in four key ways: the possibilities for collective action, the need for greater ambition, threats to progress and premonitions of future crises. We argue that these new narratives offer insights into how the place‐specific experience and response to one crisis can reframe another, and which narratives may become elevated or obscured. In doing so, we demonstrate how the pandemic acted as more than a window of opportunity, becoming a temporary catalyst for new framings of the climate crisis and crisis‐driven political change more generally.
The Emergence and Effects of Sponsors for Women Leaders
Authors: Gröschl Stefan , Gabaldon Patricia , Hahn Tobias , Kelan Elisabeth K.
Published: December 2024

Sponsoring activities are crucial for women leaders' career advancement. We explore who the sponsors of women are, the nature of their sponsoring activities, and how these activities have influenced women careers' advancement. Based on semi‐structured interviews with women leaders in France and Spain, we show the importance of combined assistive and appreciative support in sponsoring activities by superiors and by informal networks inside and outside the organization for women leaders in their early‐ and mid‐careers. We show that women in leadership positions are predominantly sponsored by men, which differs from existing literature that advocates for homophilous propensities and the establishment of same‐sex sponsoring relationships. We argue for a more structured approach to offering challenging assignments to women at every stage of their careers, and to move toward a constellation of sponsors both within and outside the organization, who can offer diverse sponsoring opportunities to women leaders at various career stages.
Effect of a high‐protein and low‐glycaemic index diet during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity on offspring metabolic health—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mogensen Christina Sonne , Magkos Faidon , Zingenberg Helle , Geiker Nina Rica Wium
Published: December 2024

Background

Maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with higher birth weight and increased risk of childhood obesity.

Objective

This study investigated the effect of a high‐protein and low‐glycaemic‐index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy on offspring body composition and metabolic health.

Methods

We conducted a dietary intervention study in pregnant women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI of 28–45 kg/m2 who were randomly assigned to an HPLGI diet or a moderate‐protein moderate‐glycaemic‐index (MPMGI) diet. A total of 208 offspring born to these women were followed‐up from birth to 5 years of age.

Results

No differences were found on BMI z‐scores at different ages; however, offspring born to women on the HPLGI diet exhibited 0.43 mmol/L higher glucose levels (p = 0.017) at birth compared with the MPMGI diet. At 3 years of age, HPLGI offspring had 0.09 mmol/L lower levels of HDL‐cholesterol (p = 0.018) and 16% higher levels of triglycerides (p = 0.044). At 5 years of age, they had 0.25 mmol/L higher total cholesterol levels (p = 0.027) and 0.27 mmol/L higher LDL‐cholesterol levels (p = 0.003) compared with the MPMGI diet.

Conclusion

An HPLGI diet during pregnancy may lead to adverse metabolic outcomes in the offspring, necessitating further investigation into long‐term health implications.
Introducción: Experiencias internacionales de negociación colectiva multinivel y enseñanzas para su aplicación
Authors: GRIMSHAW Damian
Published: December 2024

La negociación colectiva multinivel suscita un renovado interés por su capacidad de contribuir a un modelo de desarrollo económico más inclusivo y sostenible en todo el mundo. Las recientes experiencias de los países ponen de manifiesto tensiones y contradicciones a la hora de implantar nuevos sistemas de negociación colectiva, en parte por la falta de conocimientos sobre la idiosincrasia del diseño institucional. Esta sección monográfica aporta una valoración crítica de los datos empíricos disponibles, basada en la teoría institucional de las relaciones laborales, junto con recomendaciones políticas y prácticas para la creación y el mantenimiento de sistemas eficaces de negociación multinivel.
Coordinación de la negociación multiempresarial en Dinamarca
Authors: ANDERSEN Søren Kaj
Published: December 2024

En respuesta al renovado interés por la negociación multiempresarial en las recomendaciones y la formulación de políticas, se analiza y examina la coordinación en el sistema danés de negociación multiempresarial. Atendiendo a dos dimensiones de la coordinación —horizontal, entre varios actores clave a un nivel nacional centralizado, y vertical, entre actores nacionales y locales—, se constata que varios procesos entrelazados de coordinación refuerzan el sistema de negociación multiempresarial, ofreciendo beneficios potenciales a empleadores y trabajadores. Sin embargo, para formar parte del sistema y cosechar sus beneficios se necesitan cuantiosos recursos. Las distintas capacidades de los actores clave son decisivas para el buen funcionamiento del sistema.
Validation of Peripheral Neuromodulation Mechanisms of Icariin in Knee Osteoarthritis–Related Chronic Pain
Authors: Ma Dezun , Zhu Zaishi , Tan Xue , Lin Qing , Huang Yanfeng , Mao Min , Yi Zhouping , Wang Lili , Liu Linglong , Li Xihai
Published: December 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease‐causing chronic pain and disability. Neuromodulation of subchondral bone affects KOA‐related pain and involves dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Our previous studies have demonstrated efficacy of icariin (ICA) in treating KOA, but neuromodulation mechanisms in peripheral nerves associated with the treatment of chronic pain in KOA remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate peripheral neuromodulation mechanisms of ICA in KOA‐related chronic pain: (1) assessing therapeutic effect of ICA in a rat model of KOA‐induced chronic pain; (2) investigating changes in pain‐related nerve fibres and transient receptor potential vanilloid Subfamily 1 (TRPV1) pathway in subchondral bone following ICA treatment; and (3) exploring expression of pain‐related Nogo‐A/TRPV1 pathway in DRG, thereby elucidating neurotransmission of pain. Experimental results confirmed the curative effect of ICA on KOA by relieving chronic pain and pathological changes. ICA also effectively reduced bone remodelling, the area of pain‐related positive nerve fibres and expression of TRPV1 in subchondral bone. Furthermore, ICA downregulated pain‐related Nogo‐A/TRPV1 pathway in the DRG. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of ICA in relieving peripheral nervous system‐related chronic pain in KOA.
Association of subjective memory complaints with serum biomarkers of neurodegeneration and cognition: A population‐based study
Authors: Dhana Anisa , DeCarli Charles S. , Dhana Klodian , Desai Pankaja , Krueger Kristin , Evans Denis A. , Rajan Kumar B.
Published: December 2024

Background

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) refer to memory concerns reported by an individual, regardless of objective test impairment. We conducted a study to evaluate the association of SMCs with serum biomarkers of neurodegeneration, including neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and total tau (t‐tau). In addition, we evaluated the association of SMCs with the rate of cognitive decline.

Methods

This study included 1096 individuals participating in the Chicago Health and Aging Project, with data on SMCs, neurodegenerative biomarkers (NfL, GFAP, and t‐tau), and global cognitive scores. The SMC score ranges from 0 to 8 and higher scores reflect more memory complaints. Linear regression models were developed to investigate the association of SMCs with serum biomarkers, adjusted by age, sex, race, education, and APOE e4. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine the independent association of SMCs with cognitive decline in a multivariable model that was additionally adjusted by biomarkers of neurodegeneration.

Results

Of the 1096 individuals, 665 (60.7%) were female, 643 (58.7%) were African Americans, and the mean (SD) age at the baseline was 78.0 (5.8) years. Compared to individuals with fewer memory complaints (i.e., people in the first tertile of SMCs), those reporting more memory complaints (i.e., people in the third tertile of SMCs) had a 12.0% increase in serum concentrations of NfL and an 9.4% increase in GFAP. In addition, individuals reporting more memory complaints (i.e., those in the 3rd versus the 1st tertile of SMCs) had a faster rate of cognitive decline by 0.029 ( −0.029, 95% CI −0.046 to −0.013) standardized units per year.

Conclusions

Individuals who reported more memory complaints had higher levels of biomarkers of neurodegeneration and a faster rate of cognitive decline, suggesting that SMCs may be valuable for identifying people at high risk of cognitive impairment.
Sensory preferences are important motivators for using herbs and spices: A cross‐sectional analysis of Australian adults
Authors: Wilson Nina A. , Mantzioris Evangeline , Villani Anthony
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Herbs and spices have been used in cooking and food preparation to add flavour and aroma for centuries. However, many herbs and spices are also associated with a number of health benefits. Despite this, little is known about the types and frequency of use of herbs and spices in Australian households. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the types of herbs and spices used in cooking and food preparation in Australian households.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was undertaken amongst Australian adults aged ≥18 years. Participants were recruited via social media platforms requesting voluntary participation in an online questionnaire. The survey tool included questions related to the types of herbs and spices used and consumed in Australian households, frequency of use, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener.

Results

A total of n = 400 participants responded and completed the survey. Participants were mostly female (n = 341; 85.3%) aged between 25 and 64 years (n = 331; 82.8%) and were overweight (body mass index: 26.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2). In the previous 12 months, two‐thirds of participants (n = 257; 64.3%) reported consuming herbs and spices 1–2 times per day, which were mostly consumed as part of lunch/dinner meals (n = 372; 93%). Basil (n = 391; 97.8%), pepper (n = 390; 97.5%) and garlic (n = 387; 96.8%) were amongst the most frequently used herbs and spices. Moderate to high adherence to a MedDiet was associated with daily use of herbs and spices [χ2 (1, n = 397) = 5.6, P = 0.018].

Conclusion

This cross‐sectional analysis of Australian households shows that most Australian adults consume herbs and spices daily. Further investigation into the quantities used and needed to elicit potential health benefits of herbs and spices when incorporated into a healthy dietary pattern warrants future investigation.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and young people's civic engagement: A scoping review
Authors: Schoon Ingrid , Shukla Shanu , Verma Suman , Terol Eden , Da Cunha Josafá Moreira
Published: December 2024

This scoping review summarizes evidence regarding the impact of civic and community engagement of young people during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Recognizing that the global pandemic not only brought challenges but also new opportunities to take a stance and to actively engage in communities and society, this review assesses the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young people's civic engagement across different cultural contexts and identifies key factors and processes that enable young people to engage with their community or society at large. We summarize evidence from 27 original research papers, one thought piece, and four reports conducted by global organizations such as the United Nations and OECD. Relevant research was conducted in the United States, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, South Africa, and New Zealand, addressing the development of leadership skills, civic responsibility, critical consciousness, civic and community engagement, as well as social integration. Key factors that facilitated civic engagement include national investments in online learning facilities, support for basic needs (such as education, health, and employment), and promotion and encouragement of local initiatives. The studies differed in their focus depending on the socio‐cultural context encountered and future research needs to consider cultural variations and different demands on young people to inform effective practices for supporting young people's active engagement in society.
The significance of best friends' motivations for social withdrawal: Associations with socio‐emotional adjustment in Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Li Mingxin , Yu Jie , Coplan Robert J. , Bowker Julie C. , Xu Gangmin , Ding Xuechen
Published: December 2024

This study applied the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) to simultaneously consider whether, and how, motivations for social withdrawal among Chinese children and adolescents (actor effects) and their best friends (partner effects) uniquely contributed to indices of socio‐emotional adjustment. Participants were 101 same‐gender best friend dyads (46 boys, Mage = 12.17 years, SD = 1.39) in mainland China. Among the results, actor effects were found such that youths' own shyness and unsociability were related uniquely to the socio‐emotional adjustment outcomes. In addition, partner effects were found such that best friend's shyness and unsociability were related uniquely to youths' social preferences and depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the important role of best friends' motivations for social withdrawal in explaining variability in Chinese youths' socio‐emotional adjustment and well‐being.
The effects of temperature and CO2 enrichment on the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis from Southern California with implications for aquaculture
Authors: Resetarits Hannah M. , Dishon Gal , Agarwal Vinayak , Smith Jennifer E.
Published: December 2024

The red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis has recently been recognized for its unique ability to significantly reduce methane emissions from ruminant animals when fed in small quantities. The main obstacle in using this seaweed as a methane‐mitigating feed supplement is the lack of commercially available biomass. Little is known about how best to grow this red alga on a commercial scale, as there are few published studies that have investigated the factors that influence growth, physiology, and overall performance. This study examined the effects of temperature and CO2 enrichment on the growth, photophysiology, and concentration of bromoform, the secondary metabolite largely responsible for methane reduction in A. taxiformis. A series of single and multifactor closed culture experiments were conducted on A. taxiformis collected, isolated, and cultured from populations in Southern California. We identified the optimal temperature range to be between 22 and 26°C, with significant short‐term stress observed below 15°C and above 26°C. Carbon dioxide addition resulted in increased performance, when accounting for growth per CO2 use. In general, we observed the highest bromoform concentrations in algae with the highest growth rates, but these results varied among experiments. These findings indicate that through environmental control and by addressing limiting resources, significant increases in biomass production and quality can be achieved.
Decoding Adenine DNA Methylation Effects in Streptococcus Mutans: Insights Into Self‐DNA Protection and Autoaggregation
Authors: Zhao Haowei , Dufour Delphine , Zhong Jamie , Gong Siew‐Ging , Roy Paul H. , Lévesque Céline M.
Published: December 2024

Streptococcus mutans, a key player in dental caries, faces multiple environmental challenges within the oral cavity, including oxidative stress, nutrient scarcity, and acidic pH. To survive and thrive, S. mutans has evolved intricate mechanisms, including the CSP‐ComDE quorum sensing system, which coordinates responses to environmental cues. The CSP‐ComDE system enables S. mutans to communicate with neighboring cells via its CSP pheromone. Under stress conditions, the CSP pheromone production increases, triggering a cascade of events. Notably, our research demonstrated that the CSP pheromone activates the expression of a Type II restriction‐modification (R‐M) system. Type II R‐M systems are well‐known tools in molecular biology and genetic engineering and consist of two distinct enzymes: a restriction enzyme and a methyltransferase. An increasing number of studies have revealed that bacterial adenine methylation (Dam methylation) has a broader role beyond mere DNA protection. In fact, the marks introduced into the DNA provide signals for a variety of physiological processes. Our results highlight a conserved chromosomal locus in S. mutans encoding the DpnII R‐M system. DpnII R‐M methylates DNA at 5′‐GATC target sites within the S. mutans genome and cleaves unmarked DNA. Furthermore, our findings suggest that Dam methylation significantly impacts foreign DNA acquisition via natural transformation and modulates mutanobactin expression—a secondary metabolite linked to oxidative stress tolerance. Collectively, our findings suggest that Dam methylation bridges epigenetics and bacterial fitness, potentially opening new avenues in bacterial epigenetics. As we explore this intricate biological process, we may uncover novel therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Therapists' perspectives on the Maudsley model anorexia nervosa treatment for adolescents and young adults (MANTRa): A qualitative interview study
Authors: Zeiler Michael , Sackl‐Pammer Petra , Wittek Tanja , Ohmann Susanne , Werneck‐Rohrer Sonja , Truttmann Stefanie , Philipp Julia , Schöfbeck Gabriele , Kopp Konstantin , Krauss Helene , Schmidt Ulrike , Karwautz Andreas , Wagner Gudrun
Published: December 2024

Objectives

A rising incidence of eating disorders in the young population and limited effectiveness of available treatment approaches underscore the need for innovative therapies. This study explores therapists' perspectives regarding a promising new manualized psychotherapeutic treatment (MANTRa) for adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Methods

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 therapists (nine female) who provided 24–34 sessions of MANTRa per patient. Interview topics included positive and negative experiences with MANTRa in general, with the workbook and other components. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Furthermore, written notes taken by the therapists after each sessions were analysed.

Results

The thematic analysis revealed five overarching themes: (1) Variety of therapeutic tools and content elements included in the workbook; (2) Getting the therapeutic process going; (3) Flexibility in use of the workbook; (4) Impact of the scientific and multidisciplinary framework on quality assurance; (5) Formal design of the workbook. Therapists' case formulation letters to the patients were regarded as powerful tools to strengthen therapeutic alliance and promote recovery. In‐depth therapists' training, regular supervision and a multi‐professional treatment setting were important factors to ensure high treatment quality.

Conclusions

The findings suggest how the MANTRa content (e.g. inclusion of additional therapeutic tools), the therapists' training and the format (e.g. provision of a digital version) can be improved to reach maximum impact. Therapists' formulation letters may be an effective therapeutic tool not only for AN but also across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults.
Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood: A Qualitative Study Examining Nurses’ Perspectives
Authors: Dinçer Yeliz , Topan Aysel , Akkoç Betül , Güney Emine Uzuntarla , Özdemir Sümeyye
Published: December 2024

Objective

It is a well‐established fact that the utilization of health services by pregnant adolescents is associated with the views and care provided by nurses. This study, aiming to reveal the perspectives of nurses working in a state hospital in Turkey on adolescent pregnancies and parenthood, contributes valuable insights for designing interventions to improve adolescent pregnancy outcomes.

Design

This research was carried out using the “individual in‐depth interview” data collection technique as a phenomenological study, which is one of the qualitative research methods.

Sample

The study included 15 health professionals who met the criteria to participate. The data were analyzed in six stages using a thematic approach.

Results

It emerged in relation to the feelings of the adolescent; the situations encountered, the factors affecting the awareness of being an adolescent pregnant and a parent, the difficulties encountered in care, social pressure, and touching the adolescent's life.

Conclusions

It was observed that nurses and midwives had mixed feelings towards adolescent pregnant women and parents and reflected these feelings in their caregiving styles.
Breadwinners and caregivers: Examining the global relationship between gender norms and economic behavior
Authors: Goldstein Markus , Gonzalez Paula , Kilic Talip , Papineni Sreelakshmi , Wollburg Philip
Published: December 2024

Gender norms are often emphasized to help explain gender gaps in the labor market. We examine global patterns of gender attitudes and norms toward the stereotypical gender roles of the male breadwinner and female caregiver, and broad support for gender equality in opportunities, and study their relationship with economic behavior. Using data collected via Facebook from 150,000 individuals across 111 countries the paper explores how gender beliefs and norms are related to labor supply, household production, and intra‐household decision‐making power within a country. We provide descriptive evidence that the more gender equitable or counter‐stereotypical are beliefs and norms, the more likely women are to work, the more time men spend on household chores, and the higher the likelihood of joint decision‐making among married couples. Our findings suggest an underestimation of the support for gender equality globally and the extent of underestimation varies by gender and region. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential entry points for policy to help address gender norms.
Two Novel HLA‐С Alleles, HLA‐C*07:1153 and ‐C*07:1154, Detected During Routine Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Sergeeva Iuliia , Shagimardanova Elena I.
Published: December 2024

Two novel HLA‐С alleles HLA‐C*07:1153 and ‐C*07:1154 alleles detected during routine next generation sequencing.
Preliminary clinical evaluation of the treatment efficacy of a temperature‐adjustable cryotherapy device for chronic, recurrent blepharitis in dogs
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Wook , Yoon Tae‐Won , Kim Joon‐Young
Published: December 2024

Objective

To preliminarily evaluate the treatment efficacy of a temperature‐adjustable cryotherapy device for chronic, recurrent blepharitis in dogs.

Animals Studied

Five dogs (eight eyes) of different breeds with blepharitis, which was unresponsive to systemic steroids.

Procedures

The dogs were subjected to ophthalmic examination, including Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1), tear film break‐up time (TFBUT) test, and slit‐lamp biomicroscope examination. Cryotherapy was performed using a device featuring precise low‐temperature control. A bandage lens and ointment (2% hypromellose) were applied before cryotherapy to protect the cornea. Carbon dioxide gas at 0°C was sprayed on the lesion for 10 s. In all patients, only topical antibiotics and corticosteroid were applied twice a day; systemic corticosteroids were not used. Pruritus and ocular discharge were scored based on the visual analog scale (VAS) before and 3 weeks after cryotherapy. Qualitative changes in tear film were measured using STT‐1 and a TFBUT test. The effects on erythema and swelling were evaluated by ophthalmic examination.

Results

Pruritus improvement was confirmed in all eight eyes (five dogs). After cryotherapy, the average VAS score of pruritus significantly decreased from 4.12 ± 2.64 to 0.37 ± 0.51 (p < .001), and the average TFBUT significantly increased from 5.75 ± 4.80 to 13.75 ± 4.43 (p = .010). STT‐1 and the VAS score of ocular discharge did not significantly differ. Erythema and swelling were improved in three out of eight eyes.

Conclusions

Cryotherapy is effective in treating blepharitis with pruritus and may become a new treatment option in patients in whom systemic corticosteroids are difficult to administer.
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITE BEAM WITH TRAPEZOID WEB STEEL SECTION
Authors: Osman Mohd Hanim , Saad Sarifuddin , Saim A. Aziz , Kee Keong Goh
Published: December 2024

An experimental work on a composite beam with trapezoidally corrugated web steel section has been carried out to study its structural performance. A full scale composite beam test specimen with trapezoid steel section was tested under bending moment. For comparison, a specimen of composite beam with flat web section was also tested in the same way. Deflections, position of neutral axis, distribution of strain across the depth of the composite section were measured and analysed. The results show that the composite beam with trapezoid web has no significant difference in its structural performance compared to the composite beam with normal flat web.
LONG TERM COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR OF FIBROUS PEAT
Authors: Gofar Nurly , Sutejo Yulindasari
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses a long term compression behavior of fibrous peat, analyzed based on data obtained from consolidation test performed in Rowe cell with excess pore water pressure measurement. The preliminary test results show that the peat used in this study is classified as fibrous peat with low to medium degree of decomposition and of very high organic and fiber contents which are typical of peat found in Peninsular Malaysia. The results of consolidation test show that the fibrous peat has a high compressibility with primary compression index of 3.15 and significant secondary compression stage which is not constant with the logarithmic of time. The secondary compression started as early as 65% degree of primary consolidation. The study showed that the consolidation test with pore water pressure measurement using Rowe cell is advantageous because it enables the observation of the large deformation and better assessment of the long term compression behavior of fibrous peat. The separation of primary and secondary consolidation is very important for the evaluation of long term compressibility behavior of fibrous peat.
APPLICATION OF A 2D MARKOVIAN APPROACH TO THE MODELLING OF SOUND PROPAGATION IN STREETS
Authors: Haron ZaitonÂ  , Oldham Â DavidÂ  , Yahya KhairulzanÂ  , Zakaria RozanaÂ 
Published: December 2024

Markov approach has been used in modeling multiple reflections or reverberation in rooms. This paper examines the application of Markov approach in the study of propagation of sound in streets by treating multiple reflections in streets as a Markov process. In this preliminary study a two dimensional model has been employed. Results obtained are compared with those obtained using ray tracing, RAYNOISE. It is concluded that the sound field predicted by the Markov process is similar to the sound field obtained by the ray tracing model using the diffuse option and it is suggested that the method can be extended to account for application in 3D streets.
DURABILITY OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE CONTAINING PALM OIL FUEL ASH OF DIFFERENT FINENESS
Authors: Hussin Mohd Warid , A. Ismail Mohamed , Budiea Ahmed , Muthusamy Khairunisa
Published: December 2024

The use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a pozzolanic material for cement replacement in concrete will reduce the cost of concrete and environmental problems. POFA used in this study was ground to increase its degree of fineness to improve its reactivity in the mixture thus enhance the concrete properties. The present study is designed to determine the effect of POFA fineness towards durability of high strength POFA concrete in aggressive environment specifically in terms of increasing its resistance towards chemical attacks namely sulphate, acid and chloride penetration. Two types of mixes were prepared using ash possessing different fineness namely 45 Âµm and 10 Âµm and a control mix with OPC. The entire high strength POFA concrete specimens prepared consist of 20% POFA as partial cement replacement material. Conclusively, integration of POFA as partial cement replacement, especially very fine POFA increase the resistance of high strength POFA concrete in chemical environment towards chloride penetration, acid and sulphate attack .
ASSESSING NOISE EMISSION LEVELS FROM EARTHWORK CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Authors: Haron Zaiton , Mohd Noh Hamidun , Yahya Khairulzan , Omar Wahid , Abd Majid Zaimi
Published: December 2024

Noise emission levels from construction equipment are an important factor in the determination of the level of noise exposure of construction workers and the neighbourhood. This paper presents: (1) an investigation of the noise emission levels generated from typical earthwork construction equipment, that is, excavators and compactors; (2) a comparison between the noise emission level obtained from local equipment and the noise emission level given by the United Kingdom standard BS5228:2009. Noise emission levels of 50 excavators and 25 compactors with various power levels and ages were obtained from on-site measurements. About 74% and 48% of the excavators measured in this study were shown to have noise emission levels below the limits specified by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia and European Directive 2005/88/EC respectively, while 52% of compactors achieved levels below the EC limits. There is also a strong relationship between the mean sound pressure level and the age factor but an insignificant relationship with increases in net installed power. A comparison of measured data with BS5228 data indicated that statistically only new data in BS5228:2009 have insignificant differences from measured data. With these results new data in BS5228:2009 can be used with confidence by environmental impact assessment (EIA) practitioners during the prediction of noise at the planning stage.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF CRUSHED OYSTER SHELL AND CRUSHED PALM-KERNEL SHELL IN BITUMINOUS MIX DESIGN
Authors: Oyedepo Olugbenga Joseph
Published: December 2024

The potentials use of crushed oyster shell (COS) and crushed palm kernel shell (CPKS) as partial replacement of fine aggregates in bituminous surfacing were investigated. Fine aggregate was partially replaced with COS and CPKS in proportions of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of varying bitumen content from 3% to 9.5%. Marshall Stability tests were carried out in accordance with American Standard for Materials and Testing (ASTM D 1559: 2004). 30% partial replacement was within the specifications for bituminous surfacing, having 6% optimum bitumen content. The Marshal Stability obtained with COS and CPKS was 2.70 kN and 2.31 kN respectively; the corresponding flow value was 4.10 mm, and 4.15 mm. Thus, partial replacement of fine aggregate with 30% COS and CPKS in bituminous mix is suitable for light traffic and can be used as alternative material in bituminous mix to reduce the cost of construction.
STRUCTURAL USE OF COATED FABRIC FOR LONG SPAN ROOFS AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Yassin Mohamad Salleh , Sulaiman Arizu
Published: December 2024

One of the more visible developments in civil engineering in- the past decade has been the utilization of coated fabrics as a major structural component for roofs of large spans. Fabric roofs can now be found throughout the world covering various types of structures such as sports stadia, ice rinks, swimming pools, leisure centres and other applications. Coated fabrics are now being used extensively in hot countries to create shades. The decision to use a fabric structure can be for one a/three reasons: image, cost or some special property of the material, such as tra"lSlucency or radio transparency. II is intended thot this paper will provide an introductory overview of the.technology of modem lightweight fabric structures by means of brief description and illustration of some technical aspects of such systems.
NON-LINEAR STRESS-STRAIN MODEL FOR COATED FABRICS
Authors: Yassin Mohamad Salleh
Published: December 2024

Coated fabrics are used in a variety of types and strengths for prestressed membrane structures. To account properly for their behaviour more accurate numerical models than those in common use have to be developed. A program was writl.en to calculate the stresses in a uniform stress, triangular clement based on the model using Dynamic Relaxation Method. This model is applied to experimental results developed from a sample of coated fabrics and comparisons are made between experimental results and model predictions. The model is numerically simple and well suited to implementation in numerical schemes necessary for non-linear analysis of complete structures.
Perancangan Keluarga Menurut Islam dan Amalan dalam Kalangan Wanita Umur Reproduktif di Malaysia / Family Planning According to Islam and Practices Among Reproductive-Age Women in Malaysia
Authors: Mahmud Adzmel , Ishak Nur Annizah , Jani Rohana , Saari Zilal , Md Yusop Sofia , Kamar Muhammad Faizal
Published: December 2024

Family planning is essential for helping women avoid unwanted and high-risk pregnancies. Despite the introduction of family planning programs in Malaysia in the 1960s, the practice of family planning remains low. From the Islamic perspective, the practice of family planning involves certain laws and requirements. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, knowledge, and factors influencing the practice of family planning among ever married women aged 15-49. This study used a quantitative approach with a two-stage stratified sampling technique to select 2,081 respondents from all states in Malaysia. Data was gathered through online questionnaires or personal interviews and analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. The results of the study found three most commonly methods of family planning were condoms, pills and withdrawal. The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) was 64.7 percent, with the highest prevalence were among Malays, aged 30-34, living in rural areas, having low education, working, belonging to the M40 income group, having 1-2 children, and possessing high knowledge of family planning. However, 48.1 percent of respondents had a low level of knowledge about family planning. This study found a significant relationship between the practice of family planning and ethnic background, place of residence, educational level, number of children, and knowledge about family planning. The study suggests that improving women's knowledge about family planning is crucial for the well-being of women and families. The knowledge of the law of family planning according to Islam should also be emphasized to achieve the goal of maintaining well-being and avoiding harm.
Conserving at-risk aquatic species in agricultural drains
Authors: Montgomery Fielding A. , Rumball Dominique , Smith Ian D. , Mandrak Nicholas E.
Published: December 2024

Many of Canada’s waterways are modified by the deepening and straightening of stream channels, converting them into agricultural drains to create arable land. While these agricultural drains support diverse aquatic communities and provide important habitat for species at risk, current policies allow for maintenance activities that threaten the survival and longevity of at-risk fish populations. Using three case studies from Ontario, we highlight current challenges to protecting aquatic species at risk in agricultural drains and potential conservation actions that can be taken to protect and restore aquatic species at risk and their habitat within those drains. Conservation actions may vary from ecological modeling to collaborative development of mitigation techniques, and restoration of naturalized habitat in anticipation of future alterations. We provide nine recommendations (including improved legislation, permitting, mitigation, and compliance) on how to better conserve and protect aquatic species at risk in agricultural drains in the future.