bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Si doping and O2 flow on arc-deposited (Al,Cr)2O3 coatings
Authors: Landälv Ludvig , Göthelid Emmanuelle , Jensen Jens , Greczynski Grzegorz , Lu Jun , Ahlgren Mats , Hultman Lars , Alling Björn , Eklund Per
Published: November 2019

(Al,Cr)2O3 coatings with Al/(Al + Cr) = 0.5 or Al = 70 at. %, doped with 0, 5, or 10 at. % Si, were deposited on hard metal and Si(100) substrates to elucidate the influence of Si on the resulting coatings. The chemical analysis of the coatings showed between 3.3 and 7.4 at. % metal fraction Si incorporated into all studied coatings depending on cathode Si composition. The incorporated Si content does not change significantly with different oxygen flows covering a wide range of deposition conditions from low to high O2 flow during growth. The addition of Si promotes the metastable B1-like cubic structure over the thermodynamically stable corundum structure. The hardness determined by nanoindentation of the as-deposited coatings is slightly reduced upon Si incorporation as well as upon increased Al content. Si is found enriched in droplets but can also be found at a lower content, evenly spread, without visible segregation at the ∼5 nm scale, in the actual oxide coating. The positive effect of improved cathode erosion upon Si incorporation has to be balanced against the promotion of the metastable B1-like structure, having lower room temperature hardness and inferior thermal stability compared to the corundum structure.
Effects of abnormal beams on writing qualities in massively-parallel e-beam systems
Authors: Hasan Md Nabid , Lee Soo-Young , Ahn Byung-Sup , Choi Jin , Kim Seom-Beom , Jeon Chan-Uk
Published: November 2019

While electron-beam (e-beam) lithography is widely used in transferring fine-feature patterns onto a substrate, its major drawback is the low throughput, especially for large-scale patterns. To increase the writing throughput, e-beam machines with massively-parallel beams were recently developed. In such a system, it is highly likely that some beams may not be normal, e.g., permanently on or off, a significant current fluctuation, beam-positioning error, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how abnormal beams affect writing qualities. In this study, the effects of abnormal beams on the writing qualities are analyzed through an extensive simulation, comparing three different writing methods, single-row writing I, single-row writing II, and multirow writing, to suggest ways of reducing their negative effects.
Distinct defect appearance in Gd implanted polar and nonpolar ZnO surfaces in connection to ion channeling effect
Authors: Jagerová Adéla , Malinský Petr , Mikšová Romana , Nekvindová Pavla , Cajzl Jakub , Akhmadaliev Shavkat , Holý Václav , Macková Anna
Published: November 2019

(0001) c-plane, (11-20) a-plane, and m-plane (10-10) ZnO bulk crystals were implanted with 400-keV Gd+ ions using fluences of 5 × 1014, 1 × 1015, 2.5 × 1015, and 5 × 1015 cm−2. Structural changes during the implantation and subsequent annealing were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling mode (RBS-C); the angular dependence of the backscattered ions (angular scans) in c-, a-, and m-plane ZnO was realized to get insight into structural modification and dopant position in various crystallographic orientations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) with mapping in reciprocal space was also used for introduced defect identification. Defect-accumulation depth profiles exhibited differences for c-, a-, and m-plane ZnO, with the a-plane showing significantly lower accumulated disorder in the deeper layer in Zn-sublattice, accompanied by the preservation of ion channeling phenomena in a-plane ZnO. Enlargement of the main lattice parameter was evidenced, after the implantation, in all orientations. The highest was evidenced in a-plane ZnO. The local compressive deformation was seen with XRD analysis in polar (c-plane) ZnO, and the tensile deformation was observed in nonpolar ZnO (a-plane and m-plane orientations) being in agreement with RBS-C results. Raman spectroscopy showed distinct structural modification in various ZnO orientations simultaneously with identification of the disordered structure in O-sublattice. Nonpolar ZnO showed a significant increase in disorder in O-sublattice exhibited by E2(high) disappearance and enhancement of A1(LO) and E1(LO) phonons connected partially to oxygen vibrational modes. The lowering of the E2(low) phonon mode and shift to the lower wavenumbers was observed in c-plane ZnO connected to Zn-sublattice disordering. Such observations are in agreement with He ion channeling, showing channeling effect preservation with only slight Gd dopant position modification in a-plane ZnO and the more progressive diminishing of channels with subsequent Gd movement to random position with the growing ion fluence and after the annealing in c-plane and m-plane ZnO.
Effects of power per pulse on reactive HiPIMS deposition of ZrO2 films: A time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy study
Authors: Pajdarová Andrea D. , Vlček Jaroslav
Published: November 2019

Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy was carried out during controlled reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of ZrO2 films in argon–oxygen gas mixtures. The effects of increased target power density (up to 3.0 kW cm−2) applied in voltage pulses shortened from 200 to 50 μs were studied at a nearly constant deposition-averaged target power density (close to 50 W cm−2) and a fixed repetition frequency of 500 Hz. The trends in time evolution of the local ground-state densities of Zr, Ar, and O atoms and that of the Zr+, Zr2+, Ar+, and O+ ions during a voltage pulse were deduced from the time evolution of the corresponding excited-state populations and the excitation temperature. It was found that the sputtered Zr atoms are much more ionized (with a high fraction of Zr2+ ions) and the Ar atom density is more decreased near the target during the shorter (50 μs) high-power pulses. These shorter pulses produce a four times higher pulse-averaged target power density oscillating between 1.7 and 2.1 kW cm−2 during deposition. Under these conditions, much higher densities of O atoms and Zr2+ ions were measured in the plasma bulk. The higher backward flux of the Zr+ and Zr2+ ions onto the target during this high-power discharge regime contributed significantly to a 34% decrease in the efficiency of the magnetron sputter deposition of ZrO2 films.
Nonclassical light and metrological power: An introductory review
Authors: Tan Kok Chuan , Jeong Hyunseok
Published: November 2019

In this review, the authors introduce the notion of quantum nonclassicality of light and the role of nonclassicality in optical quantum metrology. The first part of this paper focuses on defining and characterizing the notion of nonclassicality and how it may be quantified in radiation fields. Several prominent examples of nonclassical light are also discussed. The second part of this paper deals with quantum metrology through the lens of nonclassicality. The authors introduce key concepts such as the Quantum Fisher information, the Cramér-Rao bound, the standard quantum limit, and the Heisenberg limit and discuss how nonclassical light may be exploited to beat classical limitations in high precision measurements. The discussion here will be largely theoretical, with some references to specific experimental implementations.
An alternative formulation of the magnetostatic boundary value problem
Authors: Nasser L. , Chacko Z.
Published: November 2019

We present an alternative formulation of the magnetostatic boundary value problem that is useful for calculating the magnetic field around a magnetic material placed in the vicinity of steady currents. The formulation differs from the standard approach in that a single-valued scalar potential plus a vector field that depends on the given currents but not on the magnetic material are used to obtain the total magnetic field instead of a magnetic vector potential. We illustrate the method with examples.
Women’s High-Wheel Bicycle Racing in Nineteenth-Century America: More than Salacious Entertainment
Authors: Hall M. Ann
Published: November 2019

During the nineteenth century in North America, a small group of working-class women turned to sport to earn a living. Among them were circus performers, race walkers, wrestlers, boxers, shooters, swimmers, baseball players, and bicycle racers. Through their athleticism, these women contested and challenged the prevailing gender norms, and at the same time expanded notions about Victorian women’s capabilities and appropriate work. This article focuses on one of these professional sports, namely high-wheel bicycle racing. Bicycle historians have mostly dismissed women’s racing during the brief high-wheel era of the 1880s as little more than sensational entertainment, and have not fully understood its importance. I hope to change these perceptions by providing evidence that female high-wheel racers in the United States, who often began as pedestriennes (race walkers), were superb athletes competing in an exciting, well-attended, and profitable sport.
Pseudomonas syringae AlgU Downregulates Flagellin Gene Expression, Helping Evade Plant Immunity
Authors: Bao Zhongmeng , Wei Hai-Lei , Ma Xing , Swingle Bryan
Published: November 2019

Foliar plant pathogens, like
Pseudomonas syringae
, adjust their physiology and behavior to facilitate host colonization and disease, but the full extent of these adaptations is not known. Plant immune systems are triggered by bacterial molecules, such as the proteins that make up flagellar filaments. In this study, we found that during plant infection, AlgU, a gene expression regulator that is responsive to external stimuli, downregulates expression of
fliC
, which encodes the flagellin protein, a strong elicitor of plant immune systems. This change in gene expression and resultant change in behavior correlate with reduced plant immune activation and improved
P. syringae
plant colonization. The results of this study demonstrate the proximate and ultimate causes of flagellar regulation in a plant-pathogen interaction.
Comparative Clinical Evaluation of NeoPlex RB-8 with Seeplex PneumoBacter ACE for Simultaneous Detection of Eight Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Kim Jeong Woo , Hong Seong Soo , Lee In Seop , Chi Hyun Young , Kim Soo-Ok , Kim Hyeong Nyeon , Hong Sun Pyo
Published: November 2019

There are several convenient and accurate molecular assays to detect respiratory bacterial infection. The NeoPlex RB-8 detection kit (NeoPlex RB-8) is a new multiplex real-time PCR assay that simultaneously detects
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
,
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
,
Legionella pneumophila
,
Haemophilus influenzae
,
Bordetella pertussis
,
Bordetella parapertussis
, and
Moraxella catarrhalis
in a single test.
Clinical Validation of the Aptima Bacterial Vaginosis and Aptima
Candida/Trichomonas
Vaginitis Assays: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Clinical Study
Authors: Schwebke Jane R. , Taylor Stephanie N. , Ackerman Ronald , Schlaberg Robert , Quigley Neil B. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Chavoustie Steven E. , Nyirjesy Paul , Remillard Carmelle V. , Estes Philip , McKinney Byron , Getman Damon K. , Clark Craig
Published: November 2019

Infectious vaginitis due to bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and
Trichomonas vaginalis
accounts for a significant proportion of all gynecologic visits in the United States. A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted to validate the performance of two new
in vitro
diagnostic transcription-mediated amplification nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for diagnosis of BV, VVC, and trichomoniasis.
Genomic and transcriptomic profiling of carcinogenesis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Li Jingyun , Wang Rui , Zhou Xin , Wang Wendong , Gao Shuai , Mao Yunuo , Wu Xinglong , Guo Limei , Liu Haijing , Wen Lu , Fu Wei , Tang Fuchou
Published: November 2019

Objective

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterised by the development of hundreds to thousands of adenomas at different evolutionary stages in the colon and rectum that will inevitably progress to adenocarcinomas if left untreated. Here, we investigated the genetic alterations and transcriptomic transitions from precancerous adenoma to carcinoma.

Design

Whole-exome sequencing, whole-genome sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed on matched adjacent normal tissues, multiregionally sampled adenomas at different stages and carcinomas from six patients with FAP and one patient withMUTYH-associated polyposis (n=56 exomes, n=56 genomes and n=8,757 single cells). Genomic alterations (including copy number alterations and somatic mutations), clonal architectures and transcriptome dynamics during adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis were comprehensively investigated.

Results

Genomic evolutionary analysis showed that adjacent lesions from the same patient with FAP can originate from the same cancer-primed cell. In addition, the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway was strongly repressed in adenomas and was then slightly alleviated in carcinomas. Cells from the ‘normal’ colon epithelium of patients with FAP already showed metabolic reprogramming compared with cells from the normal colon epithelium of patients with sporadic colorectal cancer.

Conclusions

The process described in the previously reported field cancerisation model also occurs in patients with FAP and can contribute to the formation of adjacent lesions in patients with FAP. Reprogramming of carbohydrate metabolism has already occurred at the precancerous adenoma stage. Our study provides an accurate picture of the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes during the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis, especially during the transition from adenoma to carcinoma.
AAC Y073 yellow dry bean
Authors: Balasubramanian Parthiba , Chatterton Syama , Conner Robert L.
Published: November 2019

AAC Y073 is a high-yielding, yellow dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a partially upright, determinate bush (type I) growth habit, early maturity, and large seeds with a bright yellow seed coat. Large, bright yellow seeds of AAC Y073 is an improvement over the current check cultivar CDC Sol. AAC Y073 was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, and is well suited for commercial production under irrigation in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Rubidium in the elemental composition of Brazilian coffee
Authors: Debastiani Rafaela , Amaral Livio , Dias Johnny Ferraz
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a Brazilian roasted ground coffee from a popular brand was analyzed using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The elemental analysis identified elements such as Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb. While K, Mg and P are major elements, Mn, Fe, Zn and Rb were found in trace amounts. The presence of rubidium as a trace element in the samples is discussed in view of its presence in Brazilian coffee, soil and other beverages.
The influences of the dispersion and impurity on the properties of the Gaussian confining potential qubit with magnetic field
Authors: Bai Xu-Fang , Xin Wei , Eerdunchaolu
Published: November 2019

The influences of the dispersion, the impurity and the electron–phonon coupling (EPC) on the properties of the Gaussian confining (GC) potential qubit with magnetic field were studied by Pekar-type variation method. Results show that the decoherence time will increase with increasing the dielectric constant (DC) ratio, the dispersion coefficient and the EPC strength, respectively. The phase rotation quality factor increases with increasing the dielectric constant ratio, the dispersion coefficient and EPC strength, respectively. The magnetic field has a regulatory effect on the decoherence time and the phase rotation quality factor.
The structure and surface properties investigation of heavy ion irradiated TlFeS2crystal
Authors: Mehdiyeva R. N.
Published: November 2019

In this work, radiation resistance and radiation defects formation of chain semiconductor antiferromagnetic T1FeS2monocrystal have been investigated. The sample was irradiated by heavy ions at different doses up to 2.0[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text] ion[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. The influence of radiation with heavy xenon ions on the structure of the irradiated layer has been studied and it has shown that, as the radiation dose increases, the number of peaks of the periodicity of the atomic clusters of the nanosize surface decreases exponentially.
An information source localization algorithm based on cellular automata model
Authors: Zhang Hong , Guo Bing , Shen Yan , Shen Yun-Cheng , Duan Xu-Liang , Dong Xiang-Qian
Published: November 2019

In order to research the localization problem of information source in a social network, this paper first constructs a complex network node model (Random-Susceptible-Infected-Recovered, R-SIR) based on cellular automata theory, and then utilizes this model to calculate the number of forwarding paths from a node to other forwarding nodes and the probability of occurrence of such forwarding paths, and presents an information source search method based on node reachability measure to locate the information distribution source in the information forwarding network. Theoretical analysis indicates that the algorithm, on the one hand, can avoid the time complexity problem brought by the maximum likelihood estimation, and on the other hand, overcome the inaccuracy problem of step number estimation in accessibility measure. Experimental results show that the algorithm has higher recognition rate and recognition accuracy for the information source in a multi-node network, and can search the information source, and is of great significance for the privacy protection of personal data.
Exact Traveling Wave Solutions and Bifurcations of Classical and Modified Serre Shallow Water Wave Equations
Authors: Li Jibin , Chen Guanrong , Song Jie
Published: November 2019

Using the dynamical systems analysis and singular traveling wave theory developed by Li and Chen [2007] to the classical and modified Serre shallow water wave equations, it is shown that, in different regions of the parameter space, all possible bounded solutions (solitary wave solutions, kink wave solutions, peakons, pseudo-peakons and periodic peakons as well as compactons) can be obtained. More than 28 explicit and exact parametric representations are precisely derived. It is demonstrated that, more interestingly, the modified Serre equation has uncountably infinitely many smooth solitary wave solutions and uncountably infinitely many pseudo-peakon solutions. Moreover, it is found that, differing from the well-known peakon solution of the Camassa–Holm equation, the modified Serre equation has four new forms of peakon solutions.
Bifurcation of Periodic Orbits Crossing Switching Manifolds Multiple Times in Planar Piecewise Smooth Systems
Authors: Fan Zhihui , Du Zhengdong
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we discuss the bifurcation of periodic orbits in planar piecewise smooth systems with discontinuities on finitely many smooth curves intersecting at the origin. We assume that the unperturbed system has either a limit cycle or a periodic annulus such that the limit cycle or each periodic orbit in the periodic annulus crosses every switching curve transversally multiple times. When the unperturbed system has a limit cycle, we give the conditions for its stability and persistence. When the unperturbed system has a periodic annulus, we obtain the expression of the first order Melnikov function and establish sufficient conditions under which limit cycles can bifurcate from the annulus. As an example, we construct a concrete nonlinear planar piecewise smooth system with three zones with 11 limit cycles bifurcated from the periodic annulus.
Chaos Threshold of a Multistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Subjected to Wake-Galloping
Authors: Li Haitao , Ding Hu , Chen Liqun
Published: November 2019

In order to extend the working range of the energy harvester, a nonlinear spring with multistable property is usually introduced to realize the structural design optimization. The nonlinear multistability property might increase the chance of inter-well chaotic responses, which leads to low-power output and unpredictability in motions. Quantitative determination of the parameter space in which chaos occurs is important. We investigated the chaos threshold of a multistable piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to wake-galloping in this paper. The homoclinic-like and heteroclinic-like orbits are obtained analytically for this system. This allows us to employ the Melnikov method to obtain chaos criterion from the breaking of the homoclinic-like and heteroclinic-like orbits in the presence of viscous damping and an external wake-galloping. The threshold of the excitation amplitude for snap-through motion is verified by numerical calculation. We observed that the nonlinear parameter can be effectively used to control the dynamical behavior of the system. The normalized voltage increases significantly when an inter-well chaotic response occurs. The results provide a guideline for the design and optimization of the multistable energy harvester subjected to wake-galloping.
A Simple Nonautonomous Hidden Chaotic System with a Switchable Stable Node-Focus
Authors: Bao Bocheng , Luo Jiaoyan , Bao Han , Chen Chengjie , Wu Huagan , Xu Quan
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a simple two-dimensional nonautonomous system, which possesses piecewise linearity constructed by a simple absolute value function. The nonautonomous system has only one switchable equilibrium state with a stable node-focus in the considered control parameter region but can generate periodic, chaotic and coexisting attractors. Therefore, the presented simple two-dimensional nonautonomous system always operates with hidden oscillations, which is not similar to any example reported in the literature. Furthermore, specific hidden dynamical behaviors are numerically disclosed by employing one-dimensional and two-dimensional bifurcation plots, phase plane plots, Poincaré mappings, local attraction basins, and complexity plots. In addition, by utilizing the circuit module of the absolute value function, a multiplierless analog circuit is designed, based on which breadboard experiments are performed to validate the numerically simulated phase plane plots of coexisting attractors.
Average Shadowing Property and Asymptotic Average Shadowing Property of Linear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Jiao Lixin , Wang Lidong , Li Fengquan
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the average shadowing property and the asymptotic average shadowing property of linear dynamical systems in Banach spaces. Firstly, necessary and sufficient conditions for an invertible operator [Formula: see text] on a Banach space to have the average shadowing property and the asymptotic average shadowing property are given, respectively. Then, it is concluded that both the average shadowing property and the asymptotic average shadowing property are preserved under iterations. Furthermore, if [Formula: see text] is hyperbolic, then [Formula: see text] has the (asymptotic) average shadowing property. However, the inverse implication fails in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Finally, it is proved that the (asymptotic) average shadowing property is equivalent to the hyperbolicity for dynamical systems in a finite-dimensional Banach space.
Generalized Skew Derivations and Nilpotent Values on Lie Ideals
Authors: De Filippis Vincenzo , Di Vincenzo Onofrio Mario
Published: November 2019

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2 and 3, Qr be its right Martindale quotient ring and C be its extended centroid. Suppose that F and G are generalized skew derivations of R, L a non-central Lie ideal of R and n ≥ 1 a fixed positive integer. Under appropriate conditions we prove that if (F(x)x – xG(x))n = 0 for all x ∈ L, then one of the following holds: (a) there exists c ∈ Qr such that F(x) = xc and G(x) = cx; (b) R satisfies s4 and there exist a, b, c ∈ Qr such that F(x) = ax + xc, G(x) = cx + xb and (a − b)2 = 0.
Aquifer-eustasy as the main driver of short-term sea-level fluctuations during Cretaceous hothouse climate phases
Authors: Sames Benjamin , Wagreich M. , Conrad C. P. , Iqbal S.
Published: November 2019

A review of short-term (<3 myr:
c.
100 kyr to 2.4 myr) Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations of several tens of metres indicates recent fundamental progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms for eustasy, both in timing and in correlation. Cretaceous third- and fourth-order hothouse sea-level changes, the sequence-stratigraphic framework, are linked to Milankovitch-type climate cycles, especially the longer-period sequence-building bands of 405 kyr and 1.2 myr. In the absence of continental ice sheets during Cretaceous hothouse phases (e.g. Cenomanian–Turonian), growing evidence indicates groundwater-related sea-level cycles: (1) the existence of Milankovitch-type humid-arid climate oscillations, proven via intense humid weathering records during times of regression and sea-level lowstands; (2) missing or inverse relationships of sea-level and the marine δ
18
O archives, i.e. the lack of a pronounced positive excursion, cooling signal during sea-level lowstands; and (3) the anti-phase relationship of sea and lake levels, attesting to high groundwater levels and charged continental aquifers during sea-level lowstands. This substantiates the aquifer-eustasy hypothesis. Rates of aquifer-eustatic sea-level change remain hard to decipher; however, reconstructions range from a very conservative minimum estimate of 0.04 mm a
−1
(longer time intervals) to 0.7 mm a
−1
(shorter, probably asymmetric cycles). Remarkably, aquifer-eustasy is recognized as a significant component for the Anthropocene sea-level budget.
An introduction to causes and consequences of Cretaceous sea-level changes (IGCP 609)
Authors: Wagreich Michael , Sames Benjamin , Hart Malcolm , Yilmaz Ismail O.
Published: November 2019

The International Geoscience Programme Project IGCP 609 addressed correlation, causes and consequences of short-term sea-level fluctuations during the Cretaceous. Processes causing several ka to several Ma (third- to fourth-order) sea-level oscillations during the Cretaceous are so far poorly understood. IGCP 609 proved the existence of sea-level cycles during potential ice sheet-free greenhouse to hothouse climate phases. These sea-level fluctuations were most probably controlled by aquifer-eustasy that is altering land-water storage owing to groundwater aquifer charge and discharge. The project investigated Cretaceous sea-level cycles in detail in order to differentiate and quantify both short- and long-term records based on orbital cyclicity. High-resolution sea-level records were correlated to the geological timescale resulting in a hierarchy of sea-level cycles in the longer Milankovitch band, especially in the 100 ka, 405 ka, 1.2 Ma and 2.4 Ma range. The relation of sea-level highs and lows to palaeoclimate events, palaeoenvironments and biota was also investigated using multiproxy studies. For a hothouse Earth such as the mid-Cretaceous, humid–arid climate cycles controlling groundwater-related sea-level change were evidenced by stable isotope data, correlation to continental lake-level records and humid–arid weathering cycles.
Hyperqueues
Authors: Vandierendonck Hans , Nikolopoulos Dimitrios S.
Published: November 2019

The hyperqueue is a programming abstraction for queues that results in deterministic and scale-free parallel programs. Hyperqueues extend the concept of Cilk++ hyperobjects to provide thread-local views on a shared data structure. While hyperobjects are organized around private local views, hyperqueues provide a shared view on a queue data structure. Hereby, hyperqueues guarantee determinism for programs using concurrent queues. We define the programming API and semantics of two instances of the hyperqueue concept. These hyperqueues differ in their API and the degree of concurrency that is extracted. We describe the implementation of the hyperqueues in a work-stealing scheduler and demonstrate scalable performance on pipeline-parallel benchmarks from PARSEC and StreamIt.
Detecting Gear Surface Defects Using Background-Weakening Method and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yu Liya , Wang Zheng , Duan Zhongjing
Published: November 2019

A novel, efficient, and accurate method to detect gear defects under a complex background during industrial gear production is proposed in this study. Firstly, we first analyzed image filtering and smoothing techniques, which we used as a basis to develop a complex background-weakening algorithm for detecting the microdefects of gears. Subsequently, we discussed the types and characteristics of gear manufacturing defects. Under the complex background of image acquisition, a new model S-YOLO is proposed for online detection of gear defects, and it was validated on our experimental platform for online gear defect detection under a complex background. Results show that S-YOLO has better recognition of microdefects under a complex background than the YOLOv3 target recognition network. The proposed algorithm has good robustness as well. Code and data have been made available.
New Insights into the Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Axis and Its Application in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Ding Ming , Zhu Ping , Huang Huanlei , Zhuang Quan , Shen Jie , Cai Yufeng , Zhao Mingyi , He Qingnan
Published: November 2019

Respiratory diseases are one of the most common pediatric diseases in clinical practice. Their pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are thus worthy of further investigation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling axis is a multiple organ protection chain that protects against oxidative stress injury. This signaling axis regulates anti-inflammation and antioxidation by regulating calcium ions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, alkaliptosis, and clockophagy. This review presents an overview of the role of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis in the pathogenesis of pediatric respiratory diseases and the latest research progress on this subject. Overall, the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis has an important clinical value in pediatric respiratory diseases, and its protective effect needs further exploration.
Dart Throwing with the Open and Closed Eyes: Kinematic Analysis
Authors: Smirnov Alexey S. , Alikovskaia Tatiana A. , Ermakov Pavel N. , Khoroshikh Pavel P. , Fadeev Kirill A. , Sergievich Alexander A. , Tumialis Alexey V. , Golokhvast Kirill S.
Published: November 2019

Eye-hand coordination during dart throwing includes both the sensory and motor components, as well as cognitive variables, for example, the direction of the subject’s attention to the target or to the hand kinematic. In the present study, subjects performed dart throws in the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions with simultaneous recording of the kinematics of the throwing hand. The results showed that the position of the hand in its raising phase was closer to the torso when performing more accurate throws with the eyes-open condition compared to more peripheral throws and throws performed in the eyes-closed condition. Following the dart release, the position of the hand in the eyes-open condition was lower compared to the eyes-closed condition. Additionally, in the eyes-closed condition, raising the hand in its backward moving phase negatively predicts the throwing accuracy. Thus, the early phase of the movement is associated with attention, and the final phase is associated with the visual feedback about the throwing accuracy. Raising the hand in the eyes-closed condition reflects an increase in muscle tension, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of movement. The results of the study can be applied in sports and in the treatment of hand-eye-coordination disorders.
Evidence for Decreased Nucleolar PARP-1 as an Early Marker of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Regier Matthew , Liang Jiancong , Choi Alexander , Verma Kavita , Libien Jenny , Hernández A. Iván
Published: November 2019

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear protein that regulates gene expression through poly(ADP)-ribosylation, resulting in the loosening of chromatin structure. PARP-1 enzymatic activity has been shown to be necessary for the expression of several genes required for memory formation and consolidation. Previously, we showed that nucleolar PARP-1 is significantly decreased in hippocampal pyramidal cells in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We proposed that the displacement of PARP-1 from the nucleolus results in downregulation of new rRNA expression and ribosome biogenesis, leading to cognitive impairment. To further investigate the relationship between nucleolar PARP-1 and memory impairment, we examined PARP-1 expression in the hippocampi of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to control and AD cases. We used immunohistochemical techniques to examine the nucleolar distribution of PARP-1 in the Cornu Ammonis (CA region) of the hippocampus. PARP-1 positive cells were then scored for the presence or absence of PARP-1 in the nucleolus. We found a significant decrease of PARP-1 staining in the nucleolar compartment of hippocampal pyramidal cells in MCI compared with Control and AD. When the four CA (CA1-4) regions were considered separately, only the CA1 region showed significant differences in nucleolar PARP-1 with Control > AD > MCI cases. Categorization of nucleolar PARP-1 into “distinct” and “diffuse” groups suggest that most of the changes occur within the distinct group. In addition, measurements of the nucleolar diameter of nucleolar PARP-1 positive cells in CA2 and CA4 showed Control > MCI. Thus, MCI cases had a lower percentage of PARP-1 nucleolar positive cells in CA1 and smaller nucleolar diameters in CA2 and CA4, compared to Control. Our data suggest that disruption of nucleolar form and function is an early and important step in the progression of cognitive impairment.
Cough Suppression during Flexible Bronchoscopy Using Transcutaneous Electric Acupoint Stimulation: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yang Yi-Xiao , Yu Wei , Qi Si-Hua
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective. Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is recommended for its sedative and analgesic effects. We sought to evaluate the effect of TEAS on cough suppression during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods. In this single-center, randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled study, we randomized 100 patients scheduled for FB into two equal groups treated with or without TEAS (TEAS group and control group). Patients in the TEAS group received 30 min of stimulation at the Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), and Lieque (LU7) points before FB. The control group underwent the same procedure, but without stimulation. The primary outcome was the intraoperative cough score determined by the bronchoscopist. The secondary outcomes were patient-reported discomfort scores and other procedural parameters. Results. Compared with the controls, patients who received TEAS preconditioning had lower cough scores (P=0.0027) and requirement of lidocaine and fentanyl (P<0.05) and significantly higher postprocedural plasma β-endorphin levels (P=0.0367). There were no intergroup differences in discomfort scores, midazolam dosage, rate of premature termination, oxygen requirement, sedation level, airway assistance, oxygen saturation, lowest oxygen saturation level, heart rate, plasma substance-P levels, and rate of complications after 24 h. The total procedure duration, time for passage of the bronchoscope through the vocal cords, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were less in the TEAS group than in the control group (P=0.033, 0.039 and <0.05, respectively). Conclusion. The combination of midazolam and TEAS was superior to midazolam alone for cough suppression during FB, probably due to increased plasma β-endorphin levels. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800016612 at chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
Evaluation of Influenza Intervention Strategies in Turkey with Fuzzy AHP-VIKOR
Authors: Samanlioglu Funda
Published: November 2019

In this study, a fuzzy AHP-VIKOR method is presented to help decision makers (DMs), especially physicians, evaluate and rank intervention strategies for influenza. Selecting the best intervention strategy is a sophisticated multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem with potentially competing criteria. Two fuzzy MCDM methods, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and fuzzy VIsekriterijumska optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje (F-VIKOR), are integrated to evaluate and rank influenza intervention strategies. In fuzzy AHP-VIKOR, F-AHP is used to determine the fuzzy criteria weights and F-VIKOR is implemented to rank the strategies with respect to the presented criteria. A case study is given where a professor of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, an internal medicine physician, an ENT physician, a family physician, and a cardiologist in Turkey act as DMs in the process.
Beclin 1 Promotes Endosome Recruitment of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Tyrosine Kinase Substrate to Suppress Tumor Proliferation
Authors: Matthew-Onabanjo Asia N. , Janusis Jenny , Mercado-Matos Jose , Carlisle Anne E. , Kim Dohoon , Levine Fayola , Cruz-Gordillo Peter , Richards Ryan , Lee Michael J. , Shaw Leslie M.
Published: November 2019

Beclin 1 has nonautophagic functions that include its ability to regulate endocytic receptor trafficking. However, the contribution of this function to tumor suppression is poorly understood. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that Beclin 1 suppresses tumor proliferation by regulating the endocytic trafficking and degradation of the EGFR and transferrin (TFR1) receptors. Beclin 1 promoted endosomal recruitment of hepatocyte growth factor tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS), which was necessary for sorting surface receptors to intraluminal vesicles for signal silencing and lysosomal degradation. In tumors with low Beclin 1 expression, endosomal HRS recruitment was diminished and receptor function was sustained. Collectively, our results demonstrate a novel role for Beclin 1 in impeding tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of key growth factor and nutrient receptors. These data provide an explanation for how low levels of Beclin 1 facilitate tumor proliferation and contribute to poor cancer outcomes.

Significance:

Beclin 1 controls the trafficking fate of growth regulatory receptors to suppress tumor proliferation.
Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Study of the PneumRx Endobronchial Coil System versus Standard-of-Care Medical Management in the Treatment of Subjects with Severe Emphysema (ELEVATE)
Authors: Herth Felix J.F. , Slebos Dirk-Jan , Shah Pallav L. , Hetzel Martin , Schmid-Bindert Gerald , LaPrad Adam S. , Deslée Gaëtan , Valipour Arschang
Published: November 2019

Background: The PneumRx endobronchial coil system for patients with severe emphysema has been shown to improve quality of life, exercise capacity, and pulmonary function in patients with emphysema. A post hoc analysis of the RENEW trial has identified patient characteristics and lobar selection methods associated with improved outcomes, which have to be confirmed prospectively. Methods: The ELEVATE trial is a prospective, multicenter, open label, randomized (2:1), controlled trial comparing outcomes in patients treated with endobronchial coils (treatment) to a medically managed control group (control). The trial aims to enroll 210 patients (140 in the treatment group and 70 in the control group) with severe emphysema. Control patients will be eligible to crossover to coil treatment after 6 months of follow-up. The co-primary effectiveness endpoints are percent change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and quality of life measured by change in St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire from baseline to 6 months. Secondary objectives are determination of responder rates of clinical endpoints and mean change in other functional and physiologic endpoints. All patients will be followed for 24 months after initial treatment. Adverse events will be collected on an ongoing basis throughout the trial. Discussion: The primary objective of the ELEVATE trial is to prospectively confirm the safety and effectiveness profile of the coil system for the treatment of severe emphysema in consideration of the findings of previous randomized controlled trials. Secondary objectives are the determination of responder rates in all clinical endpoints and mean change in physiologic endpoints.
Dietary Inflammatory Index in Relation to Carotid Intima Media Thickness among Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Rahbarinejad Pegah , Asghari Golaleh , Yuzbashian Emad , Djazayery Abolghassem , Dehghan Pooneh , Moslehi  Nazanin , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Movahedi Ariyo , Mirmiran Parvin
Published: November 2019

Background: Low-grade systematic inflammation triggers atrial wall thickening, which predisposes to several cardiovascular events. Since diet is a strong moderator of systematic inflammation, the literature review-based dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score has been recently introduced for evaluating inflammatory properties of an individual’s diet. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of DII, with carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) among overweight or obese children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 339 children and adolescents (48% girls) aged from 6 to 13 years, with WHO body mass index z-score >1 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary intakes and calculate DII score. cIMT was measured in the common carotid artery with high-resolution ultrasonography. Results: In this cross-sectional study, the mean ± SD age of participants was 9.3 ± 1.7 years. Among participants, 68% were obese and 83% were in the pubertal stage. DII ranged from –5.43 to 4.42, with the mean of –2.83 in the lowest, and 1.25 in the highest tertile of DII. When fit as a continuous variable, DII score had no significant association with cIMT after adjusting for potential confounders. However, the participants in the highest DII score tertile compared to the lowest had 2.46-fold increased risk of high cIMT in the multivariable adjusted model (p for trend = 0.02). Discussion/Conclusion: Higher DII scores were associated with increased risk of high cIMT.
Decision-Making in Gynaecological Oncology Multidisciplinary Team Meetings: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study of Ovarian Cancer Cases
Authors: Scott Rebecca , Hawarden Amy , Russell Bryn , Edmondson Richard J.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings are widely used across the UK to provide expert decisions and improve cancer outcomes. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of MDT decision-making. We investigated how decisions are made regarding the management of advanced ovarian cancer in gynaecological oncology MDT meetings. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed, focussing on 41/ 223 MDT case discussions across six hospitals. The validated MDT-MODe tool was adapted to increase relevance to gynaecological oncology. Case information and contributions from seven disciplines were rated on a five-point Likert scale. Spearman’s correlation investigated relationships between factors and an exploratory factor analysis examined the underlying structure of MDT discussion. Results: Forty-one MDT decisions were made for patients with FIGO Stage III/IV ovarian cancer. MDT case discussions were structured by four factors: “Clinical Presentation,” “Patient Factors,” “Chair’s Direction” and “Input from Other Specialties.” Nurses were often quiet but facilitated discussion of patient factors. Junior doctors were not involved in MDT decision-making. Conclusions: The decision-making process in MDT meetings is driven by four underlying factors, the most significant of which represents patient history, tumour markers, images and radiologist input. Patient factors were underrepresented, and nurses should be empowered to overcome this.
New Case Detection by Cascade Testing in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Lee Christopher , Rivera-Valerio Miriannie , Bangash Hana , Prokop Larry , Kullo Iftikhar J.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia is 1 in 250, but <10% of patients are diagnosed. Cascade testing enables early detection of cases through systematic family tracing. Establishment of familial hypercholesterolemia cascade testing programs in the US could be informed by approaches used elsewhere.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review of published studies in the English language of cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolemia, which reported the number of index cases and number of relatives tested and specified methods of contacting relatives and testing modalities methods utilized. For each study, we calculated yield (proportion of relatives who test positive) and new cases per index case, to facilitate comparison.

Results:

We identified 10 studies from the literature that met inclusion criteria; the mean number of probands and relatives per study was 242 and 826, respectively. The average yield was 44.76% with a range of 30% to 60.5%, and the mean new cases per index case was 1.65 with a range of 0.22 to 8.0. New cases per index case tended to be greater in studies that used direct contact versus indirect contact (2.06 versus 0.86), tested beyond first-degree relatives versus only first-degree relatives (3.65 versus 0.80), used active sample collection versus collection at clinic (4.11 versus 1.06), and utilized genetic testing versus biochemical testing (2.47 versus 0.42).

Conclusions:

New case detection in familial hypercholesterolemia cascade testing programs tended to be higher with direct contact of relatives, testing beyond first-degree relatives, in-home–based sample collection, and genetic testing. These findings should be helpful for establishing cascade testing programs in the United States.
Picturing Miracles: Biblical Healings in the Paintings by Pieter Aertsen and Joachim Beuckelaer
Authors: Kaminska Barbara A.
Published: November 2019

In this essay, I analyze three sixteenth-century Netherlandish paintings of New Testament miraculous healings in the context of the contemporary understanding of miracles and approaches to disability. I argue that, in contrast to the negative perception of the infirm in the early modern literature, the images promote care for the sick as a Christian duty. Given the complicated theological status of miracles ca. 1600, scriptural healings begin to function primarily as exempla of mercy rather than as promises of supernatural intervention. In the discussed compositions, biblical stories become a model for sixteenth-century viewers through the rhetorical use of architectural backdrops, which replicate a strategy employed in the vernacular theatre and urban festivals. Finally, I show that this connection between miraculous healings and mercy is also established in the iconography of visiting the sick, in which broadly defined medical care is introduced as a manifestation of charity.