bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museums: Sites for Producing Anthropology that Matters
Authors: Parezo Nancy J.
Published: July 2015

Museums are now and always have been core sites of anthropological activity, but in the game of demonstrating “newness” or “originality” for all our activities this is often forgotten. The fact that museums have been and are now sites for the caring of fundamental evidence that anthropology is a discipline that helps society face and answer fundamental philosophical questions, shows that they are key research sites from which to conduct anthropology as a socially-supported profession with specialized and value knowledge. In the quest to produce and disseminate knowledge that matter, museum have anthropologists have undertaken and still undertake socially relevant research and activities.
Walter Benjamin: o Estado de Exceção entre o político e o estético
Authors: Selligman-Silva Márcio
Published: July 2015

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As filhas da Caducidade: a moda e a morte
Authors: Santiago Lucia Aparecida Felisberto
Published: July 2015

As filhas da Caducidade: a moda e a morte
Usurpações da continuidade: Benjamin e a escrita da história
Authors: Maciel Emílio
Published: July 2015

Leitura das três mais importantes exposições do projeto das Passagens, este
ensaio se propõe a encenar e discutir algumas articulações entre o modo como Benjamin
concebe história e narrativa e as idiossincráticas estratégias retóricas de sua escrita.
Reflexões sobre a morte como tema em Benjamin
Authors: Serapião Elton Cardoso
Published: July 2015

Reflexões sobre a morte como tema em Benjamin
Entre o conflito e o fracasso: roman pur e ambivalência na obra de André Gide segundo Walter Benjamin
Authors: Damião Carla
Published: July 2015

Entre o conflito e o fracasso: roman pur e ambivalência na obra de André Gidesegundo Walter Benjamin
Experiência, barbárie, antropofagia: Oswald de Andrade, contemporâneo de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Fabri Bruno
Published: July 2015

Nossa proposição para o presente artigo é colocar em evidênciaos procedimentos modernistas do escritor paulista Oswald de Andrade emconsonância com as noções benjaminianas de “experiência” e de “pobreza”,bem assinaladas no clássico ensaio de 1933, e que atestariam fortesafinidades entre os dois escritores/pensadores. Lançaremos mão, também,da noção de In-fância, criada por Giorgio Agamben, como uma espécie dedesdobramento dessas idéias de Walter Benjamin e que ajudarão a iluminaralguns dos procedimentos da escrita oswaldiana.
As estações de Marcovaldo: relação entre cidade e natureza a partir da obra Marcovaldo ou As estações na cidade, de Italo Calvino
Authors: Ferraz Bruna Fontes
Published: July 2015

Neste ensaio, pretendemos refletir sobre a relação entre o homemurbano, a natureza e os novos valores instaurados pela modernidade bemcomo sobre as consequências da modernização a partir de discussõeslevantadas pelo filósofo alemão Walter Benjamin e do texto literárioMarcovaldo ou As estações na cidade (1963), de Italo Calvino
A reinvenção da aura e outras considerações sobre a fotografia
Authors: Santos Carolina Junqueira
Published: July 2015

O presente artigo tem como objeto de estudo a teoriabenjaminiana da destruição da aura e sua possível reinvenção na imagemfotográfica através da mudança na percepção do homem moderno. Afotografia, como emblema da imagem técnica, rompeu com valores deautenticidade e unicidade, comuns à imagem até o século XIX, e delaemergiram novos aspectos auráticos, novos valores de unicidade eautenticidade que remetem menos ao objeto que à informação que eleguarda.
Coleção de Nuvens: considerações sobre os procedimentos arquivísticos baudelairianos
Authors: Canuto Frederico
Published: July 2015

O presente artigo pretende abordar o tema do colecionismopresente na poesia Baudelairiana a partir dos conceitos de fisiologia,colecionador e alegorista desenvolvidos por Walter Benjamin. A questãocentral que está a se cartografar e desenvolver é a maneira como CharlesBaudelaire cria imagens ambíguas ou pontos de contato entre passado epresente, real e imaginário na cidade a partir de suas criações poéticas,tomando como recorte conceitual a noção de reminiscência no texto “Tesessobre a História”.
Violência divina e violência messiânica em Walter Benjamin
Authors: Cantinho Maria João
Published: July 2015

Nos textos mais precoces de Benjamin, nós podemos ver como é importante a religião. E essa religião é o Messianismo. Benjamin sabe muito bem que o único caminho para mostrar essa presença do Messianismo é através do conceito de “violência revolucionária”. Assim, o verdadeiro instante do conhecimento histórico supõe a violência e a interrupção dessa suposta continuidade. Isso significa que a tarefa do historiador é a de saber como ler as imagens dialécticas, clarões violentos onde a verdade histórica emerge.
A natureza brasileira no poema A Assumpção, de Frei Francisco de São Carlos.
Authors: Oliveira Gracinéia I.
Published: July 2015

O tema deste artigo é a representação da natureza brasileira no poema A Assumpção, de Frei Francisco de São Carlos. O poema é uma epopeia sacra, que narra a ascensão da Virgem Maria ao céu. Foi publicado, pela primeira vez, em 1819. Posteriormente teve apenas mais duas edições, ambas ainda no século XIX. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma pequena análise sobre a representação da natureza brasileira no poema, especificamente no Canto III. Serão abordados os aspectos inovadores e conservadores dessa temática, tendo como referência a tradição literária europeia e a brasileira, a que essa obra pertence.
Primo Levi, leitor de Freud: O falseamento das lembranças e o testemunho
Authors: Aquino João Emiliano Fortaleza de
Published: July 2015

A proposta deste artigo é aproximar as considerações de Primo Levi, em seu último escrito de testemunho, I sommersi e i salvati (1987), das posições de Freud sobre a memória, a lembrança e o esquecimento. A teoria freudiana sobre o esquecimento, apresentada com base no princípio do prazer, é retomada por Primo Levi em suas próprias reflexões sobre as dificuldades do testemunho, reconhecida a memória como uma “fonte suspeita”. E, contudo, o testemunho só pode contar com a memória. Em Primo Levi, encontramos a possibilidade de pensar uma contratendência ao esquecimento na necessidade política do testemunho, com base na atenção ao presente. Ora, para Freud, a lembrança, falseada ou não, é sempre uma produção do presente.
Valêncio Xavier: Fotografando a Morte
Authors: Farinaccio Pascoal
Published: July 2015

Este artigo aborda relações entre fotografia, morte e lembrança. Para situar essa reflexão no contexto atual dos meios de comunicação de massa realiza-se aqui a análise crítica do texto de ficção “Rremembranças da menina de rua morta nua”, obra de Valêncio Xavier, caracterizada formalmente pelo uso simultâneo de palavras e imagens.
Experiência e narrativa: entre contar e ler
Authors: Oliveira Bernardo Barros
Published: July 2015

O tema da narrativa, oral ou escrita, tem ressurgido com insistência no pensamento contemporâneo, como ponto articulador de questões como o tempo, a memória, a experiência, o conhecimento de si e do mundo. Sua abordagem ultrapassa o interesse estrito nas narrativas enquanto obras de arte. Esta insistência do tema está inserida em um avertente de pensamento, que tem suas raízes em fins do séc. XIX, que poderíamos caracterizar como aquela empenhada na reformulação e ampliação do conceito moderno de experiência. Dois autores que, vindos de tradições filosóficas diferentes, como Walter Benjamin e Paul Ricoeur, não só compartilham este ponto de partida histórico como, também, a tarefa de ampliar filosoficamente a noção de experiência através da análise do que ocorre dentro da prática de contar/escrever e ouvir/ler histórias. Tentemos primeiro sublinhar alguns aspectos da incursão benjaminiana no tema, para depois abordar alguns traços da de Paul Ricoeur, para, por fim, tentar ensaiar algumas conclusões.
2 ou 3 coisas que eu sei sobre ela
Authors: Sedlmayer Sabrina
Published: July 2015

2 ou 3 coisas que eu sei sobre ela
Czech economy at the start of 1996
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Čihák Martin , Frýdmanová Marie , Zamrazilová Eva
Published: July 2015

During 1995 the Czech Economy showed robust economic growth - faster than expected by most domestic and foreign forecasts. Inflation decreased further, reaching a one-digit figure for the first time since the start of the 1990s. Unemployment rate went down during 1995, while the number of employed slightly increased.
Income inequality and poverty - protecting implementations in the czech republic
Authors: Vavrejnová Marie
Published: July 2015

Deep changes in the population's income structure and in income distribution during the transformation period reflect the main changes in the social structure of society. From the totalitarian model of one owner - the state - and its employees there has been a transition to the society of private owners and their employees, and of self-employed members of society.
Weights and votes in european union: extension and institutional reform
Authors: Turnovec František
Published: July 2015

System of European Union institutions consists of the following bodies: Council of Ministers; Commission; European Parliament; European Court of Justice; Other institutions (Court of Auditors, Committee of Regions etc.). We can see, that a distribution of power, based on double-majority principle is closer to relative share of population and GDP than a distribution of power based on the votes only, and at the same time it is not eliminating an influence of small members. More detailed analysis of combination of simple majority voting with double majority principle will require development of software for evaluation of this specific concept of power in committees with more members.
The banking sector´s approach to the european union
Authors: Mervart Josef
Published: July 2015

From the comparisons presented, it can be deduced that total assets in the Czech Banking sector are lower than is usual in EU member states. Although the concentration of assets in the Czech Banking sector is above average for the EU, the assets of our largest banks are still lower than those of the larger banks in comparable EU countries.
Czechoslovak industrial exports: structural change, re-orientation and specialization (1989 - 1992)
Authors: Slater Adam
Published: July 2015

Fostering a strong export sector is essential for the kind of small, open economy like post-communist Czechoslovakia (latterly the Czech and Slovak Republics). The CSFR export sector has to a considerable extent the defied expectations, of many of the more pessimistic commentators in regard to the expansion of exports to the West, as many industries with a previously poor record on the EC market have attained very rapid growth rates of exports to that market. Nevertheless, the evidence of section 3 points to a weakening of the reorientation process in 1992, and raises questions about the future of many of the industries which formerly exported largely to the CMEA area. Whilst the overall level of exports has been largely maintained in the transition period, export growth to the West has not allowed most of the CMEA-oriented industries to maintain their shares in total exports.
Inflation in the czech republic in the mid-nineties (a comparison of alternative explanations)
Authors: Čihák Martin , Janáček Kamil
Published: July 2015

The aim of the present study is, firstly, to organize existing theoretical approaches to the explanation of inflation in the Czech Republic. Secondly to investigate to what extent the rate of inflation in the Czech Republic was determined by the growth of the money stock and to what extent by the development of wages and productivity of labor. Chapter 1 gives a general description of inflation in the Czech Republic. Chapter 2 offers a list of its existing theoretical explanations. Chapter 3 contains a brief summary of the previous empirical research. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 contain our empirical model, its interpretation, and recommendations for economic policy and for further research.
Deliberations on economic transformation
Authors: Kožušník Čestmír
Published: July 2015

Almost seven years have passed since the Velvet Revolution . In principle, the systemic transformation of the economic system has been carried out and GDP, following a four-year fall, is again growing. Thus, after this time lag, the time has come to think over the evolution of the transformation process and related issues. It is also useful to evaluate both the results achieved and the problems faced which, as a heritage of the communist past or a result of economic transformation, are waiting for solution. Of course, this topic is rather extensive. The present analysis is confined to some macroeconomic aspects and problems of the past and future development.
Czech privatization - penalties for the speed (a criticism of the radical liberalism)
Authors: Mlčoch Lubomír
Published: July 2015

The Czech way of privatisation is frequently well appreciated, sometimes even as the lesson to be learned or model to be followed. The main topics pointed in the article are following: Is the voucher scheme in the situation of the lack of domestic capital a model to be followed? Mlčoch thinks the Czech way was "short". He considers the "short way" negative, inconsistent with his belief. Mlčoch also mentioned other problems of privatisation in the Czech Republic: Trade-off between the speed of change and business ethics, asymmetry between the nationalisation and privatisation, the speedy privatisation endangering the order, the fast privatisation endangered by formalism, the conflict between efficiency and social justice. He also put down the German case of shock therapy and the price that had to be paid.
Changes in trade of the czech republic with developing countries during the transformation period
Authors: Holub Alois
Published: July 2015

Despite some inaccuracies originating chiefly in statistical discrepancies, the analysis has shown that the role of developing countries in foreign trade of the Czech Republic reveals a clearly downward trend. This is observable even in comparison with the prevailing trends characterizing trade relations between developing countries and transformation economies as a group. In view of the fact that developing countries including China and Vietnam have been the most dynamic segment of the world economy during the first half of the 1990s, this downward trend gives no reasons to satisfaction. Moreover, their trade has been growing at markedly rapid rates than GDP. In these circumstances, the falling share of developing countries in Czech exports and imports indicates that Czech trade tends to lose opportunities to grow.
The international monetary fund in eastern europe: seven years of experience
Authors: Jonáš Jiří
Published: July 2015

Almost seven years ago, in January 1990, the IMF approved for Poland its first stabilisation program in Eastern Europe. The Fund's role was to provide financial support to macroeconomic stabilisation in the wake of rapid liberalisation of prices, opening of foreign trade and devaluation of currency. In 1991, as reforms in Eastern Europe unfolded, stabilisation programs for other countries followed. During the nearly seven years since, the IMF has provided billions of USD to countries in the region, and all of the former centrally planned economies except Slovenia have received financial support from the IMF. The Fund's financial assistance never comes with no strings attached. Such assistance must serve not only the immediate purpose of balance of payments support but also the longer-term objective of eliminating the problems causing the recipient country to seek the Fund's assistance.
Ethical infrastructure of emerging markets
Authors: Bohatá Marie
Published: July 2015

The emerging negative phenomena in Central and Eastern Europe underlines the importance of the need for an ethical infrastructure of emerging markets to be built. Logically, the first step must be a formal, e.g. legal infrastructure, which is also, for obvious reasons, under principal reconstruction. The challenge here is not only that the new law must be passed but also correctly interpreted and fully implemented. For some people compliance with law is sufficient; for others this represents only the minimal ethical requirement. The role of individuals and institutions, especially governments, in the process of building the ethical infrastructure is understood differently in the CEE countries. There might be even bigger differences in the future, as market experience grows and markets mature, however, at different speeds in individual countries. It may be assumed that introducing a market system and cultivating the culture of the market necessitate different accents.
Analysis of import demand in the czech republic
Authors: Holub Tomáš
Published: July 2015

This analysis has confirmed the relevance of the situation in the money market for the development of import and also the monetarist approach to the adjustment of balance of payments. This (together with the growth of GDP and the gradual real appreciation of the koruna through the influence of the inflation differential) means that even in the case of a stable nominal exchange rate there will be a gradual increase in the deficit of the current account to a level in line with the current phase of economic transformation and the connected reconstruction in industry and other sectors of the economy. It is therefore right for the CNB not be afraid to carry out the necessary restrictions in order to prevent the acceleration of the real appreciation of the currency through the appreciation of the nominal exchange rate within the fluctuating band, and by doing so also to prevent any further worsening of the foreign trade situation.
Privatisation as a process of property right redistribution
Authors: Kouba Karel
Published: July 2015

The crucial problem of privatisation, and of the Czech economy transformation in the broad sense cannot be seen in the used forms of property right transformation and in the speed of privatisation and transformation steps. The basic problem consists in an institutional and ethical deficit. The appropriate solutions to growing problems of macroeconomic stability and economy restructuring in these spheres are found in the paper. The Czech economy is suffering by very weak institutional and microeconomic foundation.
Changing foreign trade patterns in post-reform czech industry (1989-1995) - empirical evidence
Authors: Stolze Frank
Published: July 2015

Summarizing our analysis we must acknowledge that it is still difficult to get a precise picture of the role which different factors play in determining international competitiveness of industrial branches. The most limits of the analysis are as follows: comprehensive data on input intensities of industrial branches were only available for West European countries; the assumptions necessary for a precise forecast of competitiveness positions through RCA-indicators are not been fulfilled; trade patterns are still distorted by production structures and capacities inherited from the planned economy. Although it may be premature to seriously address the question to what extent factor endowments determine trade flows between the Czech Republic and the EU, we have found a number of interesting tendencies. For the year 1989 correlation tests and an analysis of the most 10, 20 and 30 factor-intensive industries revealed a certain positive effect of capital, labour and energy inputs.
The development of otc and exchange-traded derivatives in the czech republic
Authors: Jílek Josef
Published: July 2015

A market-based financial system relies on the existence of prudential, organizational and protective regulations in order to preserve the safety and soundness of the financial system, to ensure its smooth functioning and to provide adequate protection to the users of financial services. The particular business characteristics of banks have important implications regarding the need for their regulation. The need for bank regulation, given the objective of maintaining confidence in the financial system, arises from the fact that banks are uniquely vulnerable to contagious illiquidity and insolvency collapse and their failures can cause severe negative social externalities. This paper describes the Czech derivatives market and discusses the latest approach of the Czech National Bank towards establishing a bank regulatory framework. To put these issues in context, background information is provided on the foreign exchange position of the Czech banking sector, CNB provisions and the foreign exchange market in the Czech Republic.
Some implications of voucher privatization for corporate governance
Authors: Bohatá Marie
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on the way Czech joint stock companies are governed and monitored. At first, it analyses implications of voucher privatisation for corporate governance and then explains the main features of its model applied in the Czech Republic (CR). It summarises results of an empirical research and a survey among 77 board members of large companies operating in the CR. The survey, which used face to face interviews based on a structured questionnaire, was accomplished in spring 1997. In the CR, the transformation of former state enterprises is characterised by their privatisation, as well as their search for a place in a globalise world economy. The emphasis placed on privatisation in the CR was unique compared to other economies in transition. The voucher scheme, which became a massive privatisation method, led to the emergence of a large number of publicly traded joint stock companies.
Whose failure: market or philosophy?
Authors: Kinkor Jiří
Published: July 2015

The contemporary failings of governments can not be cured by mere institutional/constitutional political constraints. Without rational, objective morality to replace corrupt altruist-collectivist mentality, there will never be chance for freedom to prevail over all sorts of statism and to endure. Thus, I conclude that it was philosophy that had failed for centuries prior to Ayn Rand.
Financial context of ceec process of privatization and restructuring (czech republic, poland, hungary)
Authors: Chvojka Petr
Published: July 2015

As EU Eastern enlargement draws nearer, CEE countries - especially those with the best chance to become EU members in the first group - have to get prepared for the EU environment, where they will be exposed to new competitive pressures. They have to increase their performance and overcome their low level of competitiveness, existing in spite of their recent relatively successful transition from command to market economy. Even though they are not a homogeneous group of states, at minimum those of them, the application of which for joining EU are dealt with, show despite the existing differences certain common features of their hitherto transformation (including restructuring) development (we take into account the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland).
Echoing the european monetary integration in the czech republic
Authors: Dědek Oldřich
Published: July 2015

Even in the case of an optimistic scenario of joining the EU at an early stage in the next century, CE countries are highly unlikely to participate in the take-off stage of EMU. Instead, they are expected to address some more elementary issues related to their transition processes. But the fact of being a small and open economy implies a high degree of macroeconomic discipline, in many respects not so much unlike that embedded in the Maastricht convergence criteria. Whatever disputes many surround the Maastricht convergence criteria, one can scarcely deny that they do suggest directions in which CE economies need to further upgrade their fundamentals. They put aside, however, so-called real convergence measured by the level of GDP per capita. The currency crisis in the Czech Republic delivered the lesson that the growth rates, if not underpinned by a healthy macroeconomic background, are short-lived and bring only lags Into the catching-up process.
National trajectories of post-socialist tranformation: is there a convergence towards western capitalisms?
Authors: Chavance Bernard , Magnin Eric
Published: July 2015

The hypothesis of convergence, interpreted as a univocal transition towards a market economy without adjective, i. e. as a determinist trend facing possible obstacles or delays, appears clearly wrong in the light of the experience of post-socialist economic change. The latter is rather a complex systemic transformation process marked by the emergence of path-dependent national capitalism, displaying general similarities and persisting national peculiarities. Indeed national paths of change in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic, mix elements of convergence, elements of divergence and reproduced differences to the target model. Common tendencies in Central European economies can be summarized under three causal headings: the post-socialist heritage, the European Union attraction and the influence of international organisations. But common trends do not erase national variations. The combination of inherited institutions with new ones leads to the emergence of post-socialist hybrid institutional and organizational forms which are specific in each country. These trends and trajectories are presented for four significant economic sub-systems: the productive system, the banking and financial system, the socioeconomic compromise and the State.
Producer prices and inflation rate in the czech republic
Authors: Holub Tomáš
Published: July 2015

The development of industrial producer prices is commonly observed as one of the important leading indicators of consumer price inflation. Nevertheless, there was no apparent relationship between total inflation and producer prices in the Czech Republic from 1993 to 1997. This paper is an attempt to find a possible explanation of the above mentioned paradox using statistical end econometric analyses. The main idea is that the prices of industrial producers do not have a straightforward relationship to the development of prices in the entire consumer goods basket, but only to its particular subset. Indeed, the performed correlation and regression analyses did show a relation between producer prices and the corrected inflation (with a lag of 3 to 5 months), i.e. inflation net of changes in regulated prices end food prices. As a by-product, the paper also provides some support for the importance of money supply M2 and the nominal exchange rate as explanatory variables of inflation.
Convergence of real economy in central and eastern european countries on european union
Authors: Vintrová Růžena
Published: July 2015

This paper compares the principal macroeconomic characteristics of the Central European Five (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia), which make up the CEFTA countries without the new member Romania and are referred to as the CEEC-5. Their macroeconomic characteristics can now be compared to the existing European Union members, referred to as the EU-15, thanks to the European Comparison Programmes and the harmonization of statistical methodology with EU countries. This helps to reveal the risks that may be expected when these countries join the EU, in terms of possible undesirable price shocks and weakened competitiveness. The conclusion is that harmonization of familiar macroeconomic criteria (type of the Maastricht's) cannot be separated from harmonization of real economic levels end therefore should not be seen as a rapid process that will follow the same course in every country. This is very clear even in one of the most familiar of all macroeconomic policy issues, the possible trade-off between inflation end growth.
Monetary transmission mechanism (lending channel)
Authors: Izák Vratislav
Published: July 2015

The Czech National Bank (CNB) has influenced the money market rates (Pribor) through repo rates effectively. The strong cointegration has been valid for the further step, too - the impact of Pribor rates on the interest rates of newly granted credits.
The expected negative correlation between interest rates on the one side end both investment and newly granted credits have been found, however, the results are not statistically significant.
Industrial production and credits in domestic currency into industry have not been cointegrated. The causality tests say that credits Granger cause industrial production with a time lag of 5 months. Another tool of vector autoregressions - variance decomposition reveals that in forecasting these two variables the variance is influenced by their own dynamics first of all.
More detailed analysis of the credit structure in industry in 1997 shows the increasing ratio of credits in foreign currencies for credits in CZK to avoid the impacts of tight domestic monetary policy.
Impact of foreign direct investment on the restructuring and growth in manufacturing
Authors: Zemplinerová Alena
Published: July 2015

Nation-wide firm-level data are used for the time series and cross-section analysis of foreign direct investment in manufacturing on 2digit and 3digit industries. Dynamics of foreign investment enterprises (FIEs) are computed for the period 1993-1996. The performance of FIEs is compared with the domestic enterprises. Related policy issues ere discussed.
Although the share of foreign investment enterprises in the total manufacturing output doubled during the period 1993-96, with 23 % remains relatively low in comparison with Hungary where the respective share in output reached 67 % by 1996. Foreign penetration via equity ownership is low in the industries with excess capacities end need for extensive restructuring such as steel industry or large machinery, chemicals, coke end refinery. Allocation pattern of FIEs differs from domestic enterprises. Foreign investment is more specialised and concentrated than domestic enterprises.
Czech economy in 2001: catching up again?
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Zamrazilová Eva , Tomšík Vladimír
Published: July 2015

Economic growth was higher than expected in 2000. While in 1999 the upturn of Czech economy was driven mainly by exports, in 2000 domestic demand have taken over the role of main pro-growth factor. Czech industry showed great progress in 2000: rapid growth was accompanied by ongoing restructuring. Growth of labour productivity in industry outpaced increase of real wages almost four times, which helped Czech exporters to compete on demanding foreign markets even under strong exchange rate of CZK. Rapid growth of labour productivity and construction also prevented Czech economy from cost-inflationary pressures.
What is the optimal rate of disinflation to be targeted in the czech economy?
Authors: Mahadeva Lavan , Šmídková Kateřina
Published: July 2015

What is the optimal rate of disinflation to be targeted during transition? This question has attracted more attention under the inflation-targeting regime than under other monetary strategies, because explicit inflation targets are used to anchor expectations. These targets signal what rate of disinflation is targeted by policymakers. Deciding what level of disinflation is least costly in terms of the volatility of important economic variables is not straightforward, since costs depend on monetary transmission in a given economy. In this paper, a small, aggregate, forward-looking model of Czech monetary transmission is used to compare the consequences of different disinflation strategies that are approximated with alternative policy rules. Our results suggest that trajectories with a more linear tendency are superior to trajectories that postpone disinflation or reduce inflation suddenly.
Probable consequences for the czech republic in implementing the acquis communautaire in the sphere of commercial policy
Authors: Hřích Jan
Published: July 2015

The article brings some empirical conclusions regarding the possible consequences of implementing of the common commercial policy of the European Community (EC) for the Czech foreign trade and the whole economy after the CR's EU accession. The analysis comes to conclusion that the impacts will be differentiated according to various groups of countries (depending on commercial-policy approach of EC toward the concrete group). However, the general consequences of acceptance of EC commercial policy (of course not the overall consequences of EU accession) should be very moderate. Nevertheless, the competitive pressures in some labor-intensive branches (especially textiles) could increase in a very limited extent as a result of acceptance of EC preferential trade systems toward various groups of developing countries (e.g. ACP countries, Mediterranean countries).
Reweighting the votes in the council of ministers (double simple majority voting rule and the nice compromise)
Authors: Turnovec František
Published: July 2015

In this paper we provide an analysis of the Commission's proposal of so called double simple majority rule (when to pass a decision simple majority of Member States and at the same time simple majority of total population has to be reached) for the voting in the Council of Ministers of the EU. In our evaluation we are using an a priori voting power methodology to measure an influence of the Member States before and after extension of the EU. In the closing part of the paper we shortly compare the double simple majority rule to the compromise approved by the 2000 Nice Summit of the EU.
Environmental policy impact on a dynamic investment schedule
Authors: Brůha Jan
Published: July 2015

The paper presents a tool for the simulation of environmental policy impact. The main concern deals with different market structures and policy results. The subject is analyzed with use of an investment schedule of a representative firm, which faces the choice of two possible production technologies. Both technologies produce the same homogenous product. However, one of the technologies is viewed as a pollutant industrial technology with great negative externalities. Therefore an environmental policy maker may wish to use some indirect tools to influence the investment schedule. The policy maker may tax or subsidize capital used in any technological process. The impact of these indirect tools on the statics and dynamics of the firm's investment schedule is examined under standard neoclassical hypotheses: i.e. rationality and profit maximization.
Prague stock exchange: sectorial indices development in 1997
Authors: Trešl Jiří
Published: July 2015

Statistical analysis of sectorial and global indexes at Prague Stock Exchange in 1997 was performed. The relative variability of sectorial indexes ranged from 5 % (Mining) to 29 % (Agriculture). The normal distribution was appropriate roughly for one half of index returns. Daily (resp. weekly) correlation coefficients between different sectorial daily and weekly returns were statistically significant particularly between Finance and Banking, Investment Funds and Heavy Industry sectors with typical values from 0.2 to 0.5 (daily) and from 0.4 to 0.6 (weekly). Quasi-periodic time course of indexes enables the trend modelling through harmonic components superposition. The first four harmonic terms were capable to explain 80-90 % of values observed.
 Time behaviour of index returns was modelled using Box-Jenkins method. As a rule, simple models up to the second order proved to be satisfactory. Further, two thirds of index returns were explained by the first order moving average model. Prevailing part of sectorial index returns exhibited random behaviour with respect to number of positive and negative events, but the opposite is true from the point of view of runs number expected. The weekend effect has been found with Monday returns systematically lower. The dependence of PX - GLOB returns variance on the PX - GLOB values may give rise to an idea about different generating mechanism at different levels.
Estimating the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate for the czech economy
Authors: Šmídková Kateřina
Published: July 2015

When currency turbulences hit the CZK in May 1997, the research presented in this paper had been nearly finished. It tried to contribute to the discussion of sustainability of external development of the Czech economy by comparing signals given by a set of indicators to signals implied by the estimates of fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER) for the CZK.
 Interestingly, the method of indicators did not give an unambiguous answer. Specifically, when applied to the Czech data, debt as well as solvency indicators did not imply a danger of external crisis. Financial indicators with a shorter-time horizon did send some warning signals. Indicators of competitiveness watched by large international investors considered the CZK to be overvalued since 1995.
 In order to gain more decisive conclusion concerning the danger of external crisis, the structural approach was employed. The model simulations of the FEER indicated that the CZK became overvalued in 1996 with respect to the central parity of the exchange-rate band. This conclusion was quite robust taking into account behavior of both the real economy as well as decisive external financial flows. The Czech experience with currency turbulences provided an unintentional measure on how good the warning indicators were. The FEER methodology was able to conclude that there was a need for a policy shift in the end of 1996 although it did not give the clear warning that the exchange-rate regime itself was not sustainable.
The development of small and medium-sized companies in the czech republic
Authors: Bohatá Marie , Mládek Jan
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia) after the Velvet Revolution in 1989. It starts with the approach to SMEs at the early stages of economic transformation aiming at the reestablishment of a market economy and further deals with the systemic policy of the Czech government towards SMEs. In order to characterize the current business environment and performance of the sector, it offers results of empirical surveys as well as data published by the Czech Statistical Office. On the basis of analytical results there are formulated some policy recommendations.
Czech economy in 1999: struggling for revival
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Čihák Martin , Frýdmanová Marie , Holub Tomáš , Zamrazilová Eva
Published: July 2015

Sluggish growth of GDP in 1997 was replaced by a decline of roughly 2 % in 1998. The main factor of the recession was a depression of almost all the components of domestic demand, mostly as a consequence of 1997 restrictive policy measures. One of the few positive developments was consolidation of the current account. While the external imbalance had been the most pressing problem in 1996 and 1997, the revival of economic growth represents macroeconomic priority for 1999 and for 2000 probably as well. Slight recovery of domestic demand and GDP cannot be expected before the second half of 1999. At the same time, the deficit of consolidated budgets, which is likely to exceed the Maastricht criterion in 1999, can represent a new threat for macroeconomic stability.
The effects of tariff structure changes on comparative advantage after the accession of the czech republic to the european union
Authors: Vavrejnová Marie
Published: July 2015

Preparations for the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union involve also the analysis of changes in the level and structure of customs duty tariffs.
 In this study, the possible tariff structure changes were calculated using the comparison of the present Czech tariffs and the German tariffs, which include only common external EU tariffs. The concept of Balassa's and Corden's effective protection rate was used to express more precisely the burden on production by customs duty tariffs, in comparison with nominal tariffs. The effect of tariff structure changes on the structure of comparative advantage and resource allocation was estimated. Here the concept of revealed comparative advantage was used. A list of sectors with reinforced comparative advantage was chosen.
 The results of the calculations should be taken as experimental, and for the present may give only general signals of effects, due to the obsolete statistical databasis used, and also due to limitations in the sectoral break up, given by the disposable input-output table which was used in calculations. Future changes in economic situation and the updated statistical databasis will call for updating of our calculations.
Employment structure and unemployment in the czech republic
Authors: Flek Vladislav
Published: July 2015

Did exceptionally low unemployment between 1990-1996 mean that the CzechRepublic had sacrificed more labour market flexibility and faster changes inthe structure of employmnet in exchange for social stability? Or had thecountry made use of its specific initial conditions and managed to followits own mode of labour market restructuring, without the necessity ofincreasing the rate of unemployment drastically? Does currently increasingunemployment accelerate the coversion of the structure of employment towardsthe EU-15 patterns? In attemting to answer the above questions, the paperargues that the Czech unemployment miracle has disappeared as soon as theparticipation rate had become stable, labour shedding accelerated and theeconomic policies responded to macroeconomic overheating. The main sourcesof structural changes in employment were massive labour force withdrawals inagriculture and industry, coupled with job-to-job movements of labour. But,the process of further structural changes has nearly been stopped, despitethe recent rise in unemployment. Instead of being a driving force of labourmobility, current unemploymnet bears predominantly cyclical features.
The restructuring after privatization in the czech republic
Authors: Mejstřík Michal
Published: July 2015

This paper explains restructuring of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) both bythe national restructuring reflecting changes in enterprise demand and bythe change of ownership oriented towards supply changes. Until 1996 thefirst factor had had the positive restructuring impact. At hte same time thegovernment, however, accepted the general presence of incomplete contracts that negatively affected the contents of privatization, seriously biasedcorporate governance and led to the poor performance of Czech capital marketresulting in highly distorted restructuring of privatized SOEs.Consolidation of shareholding in this non-transparent environment most oftenattracted the leverage takeovers by financially weak shareholders with shortterm speculative interests in the potential acquisition premium that exposedcompanies to further debt. Paper describes the costly evolution of ownershipstructures and different restructuring impact of enterprise ownership.Special attention is given to the companies controlled by alliances of fundsand by the foreign strategic shareholders. The latter had gradually createdthe islands of more complete contracts and more reliable customers andsuppliers than before.
Active employment policy: a chance for czech labour market?
Authors: Frýdmanová Marie , Zamrazilová Eva
Published: July 2015

Czech labour market has been getting closer to standard labour market, notable growth of long-term unemployment can therefore be expected in the years to come. The level of long-term unemployment is still much lower in comparison with market economies, so that wide space still exists to stop massive growth of long-term unemployment. Reviewing the West European experience shows that active employment policies can be quite helpful to cope with the problem of long-term unemployment and its social impacts. National Employment Plan declares more intensive implementation of active employment policy, its financial possibilities being, however, rather limited. Some structural problems of Czech labour market could limit effectiveness of this Plan as well.
All that should be known about repo
Authors: Dvořák Petr
Published: July 2015

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New approaches to time series analysis
Authors: Cipra Tomáš
Published: July 2015

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Development and outstanding problems of european union
Authors: Soukup Petr
Published: July 2015

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Comprehensive assessment on world economy as a real system and a theoretical discipline
Authors: Hřích Jan
Published: July 2015

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Czech economy on a way back to growth
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Čihák Martin , Frýdmanová Marie , Holub Tomáš , Zamrazilová Eva
Published: July 2015

The paper contains an analysis of the current trends in the Czech economy, and a short-term outlook for 2000. The authors claim that the economy is going through a gradual turn from recession to stagnation and to a slight recovery. The main factors of the turn toward revival are exports, followed by private household consumption, while government consumption contributed only slightly to the increase of domestic demand. The authors see the main potential risk for the year 2000 in the need to stabilise economic growth and achieve its further acceleration. The success will mainly depend on a fast removal of financial barriers which the majority of Czech firms is now facing. Further inflow of foreign capital, growing competition pressures in the financial sector, the growth of exports, and a gradual increase of domestic demand are likely to help to overcome these barriers.
Czech foreign trade in the economic transition
Authors: Foltýn Jaroslav , Hřích Jan
Published: July 2015

This article describes the almost ten-years long history of Czech foreign trade in the broader context of economic transition. Dividing the history into two different parts (1991 - 1996 and since 1997 beyond) the paper tries to evaluate not only the results in the period mentioned, but also to assess the roots and causes, both external and internal. Besides shortcommings there were a number of positive achievments, expecially in the first period (rapid reorientation, stable terms of trade etc.) which, however, turned sour especially due to neglecting huge and rising trade balance deficits. The situation exploded by the spring time of 1997 and the measures taken (austrety "packages") have appeared only partially succesful so far. The world economy with its regional and financial turbulences and shakes of 1997/1999 made the situation even worse. Despite all negative factors the Czech trade balance improved partially in the period 1997 - 1999.
Original view on transformation of the czech banking system
Authors: Matoušek Roman
Published: July 2015

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Obligatory teaching aid for businessmen, economists and managers
Authors: Dědina Jiří
Published: July 2015

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The czech experience with inflation targeting in transition
Authors: Šmídková Kateřina , Hrnčíř Miroslav
Published: July 2015

This paper argues that inflation targeting is a strategy that can be under certain conditions adopted by central banks in countries in transition even though their typical goal is to disinflate instead of stabilising low inflation. On the one hand, according to the Czech experience, inflation targeting offers several benefits, such as increasing control over expectations and short-term flexibility of monetary strategy, that are attractive for economy in transition. On the other hand, constraints imposed by period of transition as well as by openness of economy are present no matter which monetary strategy is chosen by the central bank. Implied costs should not be attributed to a particular monetary strategy. Inflation targeting has made various factors constraining monetary policy more visible and, as a result, requirements on the quality of decisions as well as on communication strategy have increased.