bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Digital Marketing Through Social Media and Tourism Attractiveness on Visitor Interest
Authors: Aliyah Khotimatul , Kisworo Bagus , Miraj Safri , Gupta Sachin
Published: June 2024

Social media marketing and tourist attraction are among the factors that influence visiting interest. This study aims to analyze the effect of digital marketing through social media on visiting interest in Kandri Tourism Village, Gunungpati, Semarang. The research method used associative causal quantitative research. The sampling technique used was a non-probability purposive sampling technique, and a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. The data collection technique in this study was to distribute questionnaires directly. Data analysis using SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) v.26 for Windows software. The data validity test uses validity and reliability tests. The data analysis technique uses inferential data analysis techniques, namely multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that social media marketing and tourist attraction simultaneously positively affected visiting interest in Kandri Tourism Village, which amounted to 49.5%.  This research provides references regarding factors influencing visiting interest for future research and for tourist village managers to utilize social media marketing to promote tourist villages more effectively. In addition, efforts to increase tourist attractiveness can also support increased visitor interest.
Evaluating the Camping Tourism Potential: A Foundation for a Development Plan at BSP Nueva Ecija Council Training Camp in Palayan City
Authors: Cumpio Robin
Published: June 2024

This study embarked on a thorough assessment of the camping tourism potential at the BSP Nueva Ecija Council Training Camp nestled in Palayan City, employing a comprehensive analysis rooted in the 5 A's of tourism framework. Various dimensions of the campsite, comprising accommodation, attraction, accessibility, activities, and amenities, were scrutinized with a paramount focus on meeting the diverse preferences and needs of campers. Through a descriptive qualitative methodology, the research delved into the campsite's appeal to campers, evaluating the range, quality, and availability of lodging options tailored to their requirements. Additionally, it examined the natural and cultural attractions surrounding the campsite, assessing their allure to camping enthusiasts and nature aficionados. The study thoroughly assessed the campsite's accessibility, considering factors such as transportation infrastructure and ease of access from different locations, ensuring convenience for campers. Furthermore, it explored the breadth and diversity of activities offered at the campsite, evaluating their capacity to engage campers and enrich their camping experiences. In addition to evaluating the campsite's physical attributes, the research scrutinized the existing facilities and infrastructure at the BSP Nueva Ecija Council Training Camp. This entailed evaluating their current state, functionality, and adequacy in meeting the needs of campers, ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable stay amidst nature. Moreover, the study analyzed the camp's promotional strategies, with a particular emphasis on environmental sustainability, responsiveness to market trends, safety measures, stakeholder engagement, and economic viability. These factors played a pivotal role in shaping the campsite's image, attracting campers, and fostering a positive camping experience. A SWOT analysis matrix was developed to identify the campsite's internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats specific to the camping context. This provided invaluable insights for strategic planning, enabling stakeholders to capitalize on strengths, address weaknesses, seize opportunities, and mitigate threats effectively, tailored to the camper experience. Through this comprehensive evaluation, the study aimed to establish a robust foundation for the development plan of the BSP Nueva Ecija Council Training Camp, ensuring its sustainable growth as a premier camping destination. By enhancing the overall camping experience, the campsite can significantly contribute to the tourism landscape of Palayan City, fostering positive socio-economic impacts for campers and the local community alike.
Prior knowledge Activation through the use of Effective Reading Strategies
Authors: Belouiza Ouafaa , Er-Rechydy Abdelkhalk , Koumachi Bani
Published: June 2024

Prior knowledge plays a crucial role in students' performance when it comes to utilizing effective reading strategies. When students possess prior knowledge related to the topic they are reading about, they can make connections, draw upon their existing understanding, and engage in more meaningful comprehension. Having prior knowledge allows students to activate their schema, which refers to the mental framework of information and experiences they have already acquired. This schema acts as a foundation for new learning and helps students make sense of new information. For example, if a student has prior knowledge about the solar system, they can easily comprehend and retain new information about planets or space exploration. Moreover, prior knowledge enables students to predict and anticipate what they might encounter while reading. By activating their prior knowledge, students can generate hypotheses about the content of the text, which enhances their engagement and motivation.
The Hidden Truth Behind Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market and Speaking Likenesses: The Poetess’ Own Words as Key to Understanding her Troubled Mental Health
Authors: Pannacci Simona
Published: June 2024

In 1845 Christina Rossetti's mental health deteriorated raising questions that caught scholars' attention for decades. This paper aims to pursue a preliminary analysis aiming at answering what may have been the cause behind the alleged sudden decline of the poetess's psychological and physical well-being. The most popular hypotheses are two: the first sees Rossetti suffering from a mental breakdown, and the second and most recent one states that the poetess may have been the victim of a sexual assault. The proposed research follows a qualitative approach by analysing two poems by Rossetti (Goblin Market and Speaking Likenesses) and contextualising her lines to recent studies on the poetess's life. A definitive answer as regards of what was the true reason behind Christina Rossetti’s mental health troubles is yet to be found. However, both poems highlight the depressive state of Rossetti and how this may have been determined by a strong sense of guilt and distress suffered by the poetess. Rossetti highly criticised the strict mindset she was raised in her work. Her state could have been either determined by reaching puberty with the consequent changes in her body or as a consequence of sexual awareness and temptation.
El rol de la UNAM frente al país en el equilibrio de la balanza entre los peligros y beneficios de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Serkin Leonid , Paic Guy , Coello Coello Carlos A.
Published: June 2024

En 2019, GPT-2 no podía contar de manera confiable hasta diez. Sólo cinco años después, los sistemas de inteligencia artificial (en adelante, IA) generativa pueden escribir software, asesorar sobre temas científicos y combinar el procesamiento de lenguaje e imagen para generar escenas fotorrealistas, acercándose más y más a la inteligencia de un humano. Tampoco cabe duda de que la IA encarna una dualidad de riesgos y beneficios para la sociedad. La pregunta importante, entonces, es qué significa en términos de consecuencias y qué se podría hacer a nivel de la Universidad Nacional para aprovechar los beneficios y tratar de gestionar los riesgos. El artículo tiene por objeto analizar el papel crucial que tiene la UNAM en el equilibrio de esta balanza, promoviendo un desarrollo y aplicación de la IA que sea ético, equitativo y lleno de beneficios para México y el mundo.
Análisis comparativo del chatbot del Programa de Apoyo al Ingreso de la UNAM
Authors: Navarro Perales Joaquin , Hernández Gutiérrez Myrna
Published: June 2024

El Programa de Apoyo al Ingreso (PAI) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) proporciona una experiencia formativa pertinente e integral a los aspirantes de las licenciaturas en modalidades abierta y a distancia. La Coordinación de Universidad Abierta, Innovación Educativa y Educación a Distancia (CUAIEED) desarrolló un chatbot para atender a los miles de aspirantes con preguntas y respuestas sobre los diferentes procesos relacionados al ámbito administrativo del programa y del procedimiento de ingreso definido institucionalmente. Este chatbot fue llamado PAIbot y ha sido utilizado en cuatro convocatorias de ingreso a la Universidad. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la eficiencia de uso de PAIbot en sus primeras dos convocatorias a partir de la mejora de su base de conocimiento e interfaz. El análisis de los resultados fue favorable tanto al uso de herramientas de inteligencia artificial en este tipo de casos y eventos, como a evidenciar la conveniencia de una próxima fase con la incorporación de herramientas que mejoren y actualicen su base de conocimiento de manera más eficiente.
De las ideas verdes incoloras hasta ChatGpt: los grandes modelos del lenguaje
Authors: Gutierrez-Vasques Ximena , Mijangos de la Cruz Víctor Germán
Published: June 2024

Los grandes modelos del lenguaje son tecnologías que han mostrado una capacidad notable para producir texto que simula al lenguaje humano escrito; estos modelos están detrás de agentes conversacionales como chatGPT o Gemini. Si bien el impacto y uso de estos modelos se ha extendido a numerosos sectores de la sociedad, no siempre se discuten los fundamentos técnicos y científicos que subyacen a estos desarrollos de la inteligencia artificial. El presente artículo propone dar una introducción al funcionamiento de los modelos del lenguaje, desde las primeras propuestas hasta los grandes modelos actuales. Lo anterior con el fin de incentivar una comprensión más profunda de estas tecnologías y, por lo tanto, ampliar la discusión en torno al origen de algunas de sus limitaciones y potencialidades en diversos ámbitos, por ejemplo, en un marco educativo.
Mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and depression in the relation between socially prescribed perfectionism and chronic in middle aged woman
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Taehyun , Yoon Sungmin
Published: June 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the dual mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expression and depression in the impact of socially prescribed perfectionism on chronic pain in middle-aged women.
Methods The results were distributed for 291 women aged between 40 and 59 years who reported pain for more than 3 months, on scales of socially prescribed perfectionism, chronic pain, ambivalence over emotional expression, and depression. Descriptive statics, Pearson’s correlation analysis and dual mediation analysis analyzed data via SPSS 25.0, Process Macro 6 model.
Results Firstly, socially prescribed perfectionism, chronic pain, ambivalence over emotional expression, and depression showed positive correlations among middle-aged women. Secondly, in the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and chronic pain in middle-aged women, ambivalence over emotional expression and depression sequentially showed a dual mediating effect. This means that as the level of socially prescribed perfectionism increases, leading to a higher degree of chronic pain, the clearer the emotional expression and the lower the depression, the lesser the degree of chronic pain experienced.
Conclusions This study is significant for revealing the dual mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expression and depression in the impact of socially prescribed perfectionism on chronic pain among middle-aged women. By elucidating this relationship, it provides factors for counseling and psychological interventions in situations where middle-aged women experience chronic pain due to socially prescribed perfectionism. Based on the results of the study, implications and suggestions have been presented.
The Sequential Mediating Effect of Materialism and Social Comparison in the Relationship Between Death Attitude and Subjective Well-Being in Early adulthood
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Do We , Jang Yoo Jin
Published: June 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of materialism and social comparison in the relationship between attitude toward death and subjective well-being among people in their early adulthood.
Methods The survey data were collected for 285 adults and analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and Process Macro 3.5, encompassing descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, individual mediation effects, and sequential mediation effects.
Results It was observed that death attitude, subjective well-being, materialism, and social comparison were all significantly correlated with each other. Materialism and social comparison variables sequentially mediated the relationship between death attitude and subjective well-being. This indicates that materialism and social comparison sequentially mediated the relationship between death attitude and subjective well-being.
Conclusions The attitude of accepting death as a part of life lowered materialism and social comparison, thereby improving subjective well-being, whereas the attitude of fearing death increased materialism and social comparison, thereby undermining subjective well-being
Poetry Education Method through ‘Kommunikat’ Activation
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Oh Jeong Hun
Published: June 2024

Objectives The purposes of this study, a method to compose ideal Kommunikat, that is, a cognitive construct that is the result of psychological representation of interpretation and appreciation of works, through integrative communication with the interpretive norms of the discourse community, while supporting the interpretive diversity attempted by students as readers, was considered.
Methods For this purpose, First, attention was paid to the ‘perception of poetic elements’, which intentionally selects the subject of appreciation while facing the work and intends to focus on the emotion aroused by the work while examining whether it is significant for appreciation. Furthermore, this paper discussed the diversity of text interpretation and the individualization strategy at the reader's level at a practical level by proposing the ‘formation of a cognitive emotional construct’ as a concrete appreciation process that aims at the multiplicity of interpretation.
Results In order to break away from the limitation that voluntary interpretation norms cannot be sought, and independent interpretation norms cannot be established because students follow the existing interpretive authority and appreciation method, this paper took notice of the concept of Kommunikat and presented the process and practical method to apply the concept of Kommunikat to poetry appreciation education.
Conclusions This paper examined the efficiency of the method of establishing one's own norms of appreciation by checking and adjusting the reader's Kommunikat through the rumination of the appreciation process that aims at both spontaneity and assimilability at the same time.
Effect of a Hackathon-Based AI Making Project Program on the Collaborative Self-regulation Ability of Pre-University Students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Injoo , Kim Kwihoon
Published: June 2024

Objectives This study attempted to verify the effect on the collaborative self-regulation ability by applying total 15 hour of hackathon-based AI making project program to pre-university students.
Methods The study targeted 182 pre-university students from H University located in Chungcheongnam-do. A total of 15 hour program including team building were applied, and throughout the program, output was produced through team activities so that collaborative self-regulation ability could be improved. Pre-post questionnaires were administered to determine changes in collaborative self-regulation ability, and the collected data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test for a single group pre-post experiment.
Results The results of the paired sample t-test showed significant difference in both entire collaborative self-regulation ability and the sub-areas ‘cognitive domain, behavioral domain, and motivational domain’.
Conclusions This confirmed that the hackathon-based AI Making project program is effective in improving the collaborative self-regulation ability of pre-university students.
Development and Efficacy Validation of a Learning Coaching Program for Underachieving High School Students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Jae Chul
Published: June 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a coaching program aimed at enhancing self-directed learning abilities and study behavior among underachieving high school students, and to validate its effectiveness.
Methods To achieve this goal, following Kim Chang-Dae et al.'s (2011) program development model, four stages including goal setting, composition, preliminary research, implementation, and evaluation were conducted to design a total of 10 sessions for the program. The study participants were recruited from three schools, A, B, and C, with 18, 15, and 15 students respectively, who scored an average of 7 or below in the three worst subjects in the previous mock exam, totaling 48 students. These students were then divided into experimental, control, and comparative groups, each consisting of 16 students, and assigned wirelessly. The experimental group received a learning coaching program based on cognitive neuropsychology, the comparative group received a learning coaching program based on information processing theory, and the control group received no intervention. Pre- and post-tests were conducted for each group using a pre-post test design for the control group. The dependent variables were self-directed learning ability and study behavior. To evaluate the effects of each group, paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used, and to compare the effects according to the experimental, comparative, and control groups, independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests were utilized.
Results The analysis of the effectiveness of the coaching program for underachieving high school students revealed that the post-mean scores of self-directed learning abilities in all areas were significantly higher than the pre-mean scores. In the comparison with the comparative program, the present program showed superiority in all aspects of self-directed learning abilities. Study behavior, including weekday and weekend self-study times, also significantly increased compared to pre-measures, and the program showed superiority in both aspects when compared with the comparative program.
Conclusions This study holds significance in proposing a structured coaching program that can be practically utilized in schools for underachieving high school students, especially in light of the relative weakening of support under national basic education guarantee policies.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Private Career Services in Job Search Self-Efficacy and Job Search Duration for College Job Seekers: A Study on Y University Graduates
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choe Hyeonbok , Choi Sungwon , Park Woojin
Published: June 2024

Objectives Drawing upon social learning theory and human capital theory, this study explored the impact of private career institutions' services on job search self-efficacy and job search duration among college students.
Methods A total of 459 graduates and graduating seniors from a Korean university participated in an online survey. Job search self-efficacy and job search duration were measured as dependent variables, and participation in five career training programs such as job incumbent mentoring, language proficiency test preparation, resume/cover letter coaching, interview skill coaching, and participation in job fairs/workshops were measured as independent variables. Regression analysis and relative weight analysis were conducted.
Results Participation in job incumbent mentoring and resume/cover letter coaching significantly increased job search self-efficacy. Relative weight analysis further revealed that these two factors accounted for approximately 60% of the overall increase in efficacy. Other factors did not significantly affect job search self-efficacy including language proficiency test preparation that contributed to a mere 7% increase. The job search duration of newly employed college job seekers was not significantly influenced by participation in any private career services.
Conclusions This study empirically demonstrates the limited effectiveness of private career institutions' services in enhancing job search self-efficacy and reducing job search duration among college job seekers. Given the economic burden of such services, a more cautious approach is necessary when recommending and attending those programs. Discussions and educational implications were provided.
PENGGUNAAN KOMPATIBILISER KARET ALAM EPOKSIDASI (ENR) PADA KOMPON TELAPAK BAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Fathurrohman Muhammad Irfan , Kinasih Norma Arisanti , Puspitasari Santi , Arti Dewi Kusuma
Published: June 2024

Formulasi kompon telapak ban perlu dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja ban ramah lingkungan (ban ECO). Formulasi telapak ban dilakukan pada karet non-polar berbahan pengisi silika dengan dan atau tanpa menggunakan kompatibiliser karet alam terepoksidasi (ENR). Penggunaan kompatibiliser ENR pada telapak ban ECO mampu meningkatkan dispersi bahan pengisi, yang ditandai dengan menurunnya nilai payne effect kompon B. Dispersi bahan pengisi yang baik lebih lanjut dapat meningkatkan interaksi fisik antar bahan pengisi dan bahan pengisi karet, karakteristik pematangan, kuat tarik, ketahanan kikis, dan cengkraman basah vulkanisat telapak ban ECO. Namun, sedikit menurukan interaksi kimia bahan pengisi-karet sehingga menurunkan apparent crosslink density kekerasan, young modulus, perpanjangan putus, dan ketahanan sobek dan meningkatkan ketahanan gelinding vulkanisat telapak ban ECO B. Maka formula kompon B perlu ditingkatkan untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik vulkanisat dan efesiensi bahan bakar kendaraan.
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGOLAHAN TANAH TERHADAP EMISI CO2 DARI TANAH PADA TANAMAN KARET UMUR 12 TAHUN
Authors: Stevanus Charlos Togi , BAKRI BAKRI , SETIAWAN Budhi
Published: June 2024

Pengolahan tanah di perkebunan karet umumnya dilakukan secara mekanis karena selain cepat, sistem ini juga efektif dalam mengeluarkan perakaran dan kayu pada area penanaman karet. Namun karena biaya penyiapan lahan secara mekanis besar dan adanya larangan metode bakar pada persiapan lahan menyebabkan sebagian besar perkebunan karet rakyat maupun perkebunan karet besar berstatus Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) lebih memilih menggunakan penyiapan lahan dengan tanpa olah tanah. Hal ini mempunyai efek terhadap emisi CO2 sebagai penyumbang gas rumah kaca. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan pengaruh sistem tanpa olah tanah dan olah tanah terhadap emisi CO2 pada tanaman karet berumur 12 tahun serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2023 di Kebun Pusat Penelitian Karet di tanaman karet tahun tanam 2011. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengukur emisi CO2 pada perlakuan tanpa olah tanah dan olah tanah pada perkebunan karet umur 12 tahun dan menganalisis menggunakan uji-t. Variabel faktor yang mempengaruhi emisi CO2 pada penelitian ini antara lain : C-organik, bobot isi dan kadar air dan dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emisi CO2 sesaat perlakuan tanpa pengolahan tanah lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan olah tanah. Hasil uji analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa c-organik dan kadar air berkorelasi positif signifikan terhadap emisi CO2, sementara bobot isi nyata berkorelasi negatif signifikan terhadap emisi Co2.
Structural Change in Big Economic History
Authors:   ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore, Lee Cassey
Published: June 2024

Structural change is an important process that is much studied in economic history. Early studies include industrialization and the stadial theories of human activities. Biologists have adopted “economic” concepts of competition, cooperation and innovation to study the history of life in a broader sense. Extending the study of structural change over an even longer time frame is likely to require the adoption of new analytical frameworks. One possible approach is the computational-information-entropy-complexity framework. This could lead to a novel perspective that places economic history within a broader Big Economic History.
The General Law of Being, Article 3: The Ultimate Cause of Evolution
Authors:   Asian Big History Association, Shanghai, China, Chen Ye
Published: June 2024

This is the third article in a series about the General Law of Being, a science philosophy that was introduced by Chinese scholar Wang Dongyue twenty years ago and then expanded upon by Chen Ye, who linked it to other scientific and philosophical traditions as well as to Big History. We encourage readers to review the previous two articles in the Journal of Big History, volume 6, issues 1 and 2. Article 1 addressed how all entities in the universe – ‘beings’ – are finite and dependent. Horizontally, their existence is realized through the structural coupling of their interactive-quality with other being(s)’s interactable-quality, and vertically through the superposition of their historical structural-coupling states. Article 2 reveals the interplay of the two opposite forces that govern evolution – conservation and variation. This evolution / variation progress occurs through the differentiation of beings, level by level – each level of organization results from differentiation of beings at a lower level of organization, with the ‘adaptation task’ distributed to specialized roles at higher levels. However, this ascent comes with a trade-off – the existence of a higher-level being depends on an increasing number of conditions. These conditions not only facilitate its functioning but also expose it to greater risks, which means that higher-level beings have weaker, or more unstable structures. Meanwhile, the increasing number of conditions perplexes the sense-reaction process, giving rise to more advanced cognitive patterns to coordinate the process. In this article, we first examine the situation of the most sophisticated ‘natural’ structure formed by the most complex species – human society, by applying the fundamental principles discussed in Articles 1 and 2. We then systematize various clues in macro-evolution and based on theories previously outlined, we build our model of evolution to address the ultimate driving force behind evolution.
Evolution = Exchange
Authors: de Vinck André
Published: June 2024

Darwin’s theory of natural selection raises two critical questions: What is ultimately being selected? Why is it inevitably being innovative? In response, the five key theories of evolution begin with species, genes, organisms, systems, processes. And they lead to a sixth key theory that begins with exchange. Specifically, I re-configure Darwin-Peirce-Einstein’s special theories of evolution-semiosis-relativity in a radical theory of exchangesignificationvalue. In this context I suggest that the relative signifying relations of exchange are both exuberantly innovative and restrictively selective and they drive the process of evolution. Instead of beginning with a post hoc theory of restrictive selection, therefore, I begin with an ad hoc theory of exuberant innovation. Every so-called thing in this so-called universe is actually no-thing more and no-thing less than a co-incidental articulation of the long evolutionary history of the relative signifying relations of exchange—beginning with energymass  massenergy. In fact, time itself can be understood as the rhythmic syntax of exchange. While some recent general theories of evolutionary history begin with energy flows, quantum bits, emergent complexities, etc., I suggest that the dynamic of exchange evolves nature, the practice of exchange evolves culture, the syntax of exchange evolves history. Here we arrive at the proof that is to be demonstrated: Evolution = Exchange.
Explanation of Time Dilation of High Redshift Quasars, Surface Brightness, and Cosmic Microwave Background with the Stress Cosmology
Authors: Yanagisawa Hideaki
Published: June 2024

The Big Bang theory is believed to be based on three problems to the tired light model. In this report, “time dilation of high redshift quasars” is first explained with the stress cosmology. A proceeding (delaying) speed of time is shown as a logarithm of changed energy. Second, “surface brightness” relates to “time dilation” and the combined luminosity per unit time. It decreases with time dilation. Third, according to the stress cosmology, the “cosmic microwave background” is explained with a relation between movement distance and decreasing energy quantity of discharged light. Thus, three problems can be explained with the stress cosmology being part of the tired light model. Therefore, there is no absolute proof of the Big Bang theory. Moreover, there is a fatal contradiction relating to the first law of thermodynamics in the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang theory required that the universe be a closed system according to the first law of thermodynamics. Nevertheless, the ekpyrotic universe theory is utilized to explain the Big Bang. The first law of thermodynamics indicates that our universe was an open system. The Big Bang theory is optional.
COMPETENCIAS DIGITALES: ASPECTOS A CONSIDERAR EN SU EVALUACIÓN
Authors: GONZALEZ CABALLERO RENE GEOVANI , Hernández Barbosa Rubinsten , Suárez Oscar Jardey
Published: June 2024

En este artículo de investigación se describe el proceso de diseño y validación de un instrumento para evaluar las competencias digitales. Teóricamente se fundamentó en las categorías gestión de la información, comunicación digital, seguridad informática, habilidades tecnológicas y por último, la ética digital es un aporte de los autores. En el criterio de validación se consideró el aporte  de jueces, pares y expertos, así como el pilotaje con docentes y estudiantes. El instrumento, con 40 afirmaciones y en escala Likert, evalúa cada una de las categorías y permite establecer las competencias digitales en poblaciones estudiantiles mayores de 15 años, preferiblemente de habla hispana en contextos equiparables al de Colombia. A manera de reflexión final, los resultados del instrumento sirven de fundamento para la investigación en el área de la docencia, a nivel institucional pueden contribuir en la configuración de proyectos orientados a la cualificación docente, así como proyectos educativos a distintos niveles que propendan por la alfabetización digital.
Evaluación de la incidencia de Phytophthora spp. en clones de cacao, con aplicaciones de Trichoderma spp. en el municipio de Algeciras, Huila
Authors: Parra Cortés Claudia , Ceron Endo Alexandra , Caicedo Diaz Guillermo , Cuellar Veru Jhon Jairo
Published: June 2024

Contextualización: el cacao en Colombia es un cultivo de relevancia no solo por su factor económico, sino por su entorno social y ambiental. Según la Gobernación del Huila (2022) se estima que el cacao en el huila es el sustento de alrededor de 3300 familias, con 7000 hectáreas sembradas aproximadamente. Respecto al manejo fitosanitario de este cultivo se destaca la enfermedad causada por Phytophthora spp. como una de las enfermedades más limitantes para la producción (Rodríguez y Vera, 2015). Vacío de conocimiento: en Colombia son escasas las investigaciones realizadas para conocer la relación de los clones y el desarrollo de la enfermedad Phytophthora spp., por lo que este tipo de estudios son requeridos con urgencia en la zona de influencia del proyecto; en ese sentido, se han realizado avances investigativos en clones por parte de AGROSAVIA, pero en otras regiones del país. Propósito: el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de Phytophthora spp. en clones de cacao, con aplicaciones de Trichoderma sp. en condiciones ambientales del departamento del Huila, para contribuir con la línea de investigación en biotecnología agrícola. Metodología: se emplearon parámetros de evaluación para incidencia y severidad de Phytophthora spp. en 10 clones de cacao: EET 8, TSH 565, SCC 61, ICS 1, ICS 95, HIBRIDO, IMC 67, ICS 39, ICS 60 y CCN 51. Enfermedad tratada con: T1: (Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma atroviridae, Trichoderma harzianum). Presentación polvo mojable PW. T2: (Trichoderma viride), presentación líquida suspensión concentrada SC. T3: Testigo, sin ninguna aplicación, en dos épocas de producción fase I (13, 20 y 27 de diciembre) y fase II (14, 21 y 28 de mayo). Resultados y conclusiones: Se concluye que los efectos sobre Phytophthora spp. responden a la combinación de la susceptibilidad del material vegetal empleado y la acción del Trichoderma spp. en el cultivo de cacao. En la fase II hay una diferencia significativa entre el testigo y el tratamiento en polvo, frente al tratamiento líquido siendo este último el que ejerce mejor control sobre la enfermedad.
A venturi device for stable addition of foaming agent to self-suction liquid at high flow rates
Authors: Lu Caiyuan , Wu Yuxin , Chen Mujun , Liang Yuntao
Published: June 2024

：To achieve a stable addition of foaming agent under high flow
rates, an independently designed Venturi structure with self-suction of
liquid and foaming agent was numerically simulated. We simulated the
effects of different suction structure diameters, contraction angles,
throat length and position on the suction ratio, compared and analyzed
the data, and determined the optimal suction structure parameters. The
suction ratio stabilizes and then decreases as the outlet pressure
increases. At an outlet pressure of 0.48 MPa, the suction ratio remains
stable at 1.14%. However, as the outlet pressure increases, the ability
of the Venturi structure to add foaming agent to the self-suction liquid
decreases under high flow rates, causing the suction ratio to rapidly
decrease to a minimum value of 0.55 MPa. The suction ratio shows a
tendency to first stabilize and then decrease as the outlet pressure
increases. When the outlet pressure reaches 0.48 MPa, the suction ratio
can remain stable at 1.14%; as the outlet pressure increases, the
addition ability of the Venturi structure with foaming agent added to
the self-suction liquid under high flow rate decreases, and the suction
ratio rapidly decreases to a minimum value of 0.55 MPa. We have
conducted a detailed analysis of the process and flow field of liquid
suction. As the pressure ratio increases, the high-speed area of the
throat gradually shrinks, and the flow field in the diffusion section
fluctuates. When the outlet pressure is 0.6 MPa and the velocity field
shifts towards the upper part of the diffusion section, the cavitation
area will gradually disappear and lose its liquid suction ability.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis diagnosed by acute changes detected via computed tomography: A case report
Authors: Kato Yoichiro , Ishii Shuhei , Goto Yuta , Nozaki Yasushi , Kawamura Tatsuya , Morino Gota , Hoshi Shintaro , Takahashi Gaku , Obara Wataru
Published: June 2024

Introduction: We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN)
that was diagnosed based on acute changes detected via imaging. Case
presentation: A 49-year-old woman was brought to the hospital with
impaired consciousness and a severe infection. The simple computed
tomography (CT) scan could not detect the specific focus of the
infection
Applying novel self-supervised learning for early detection of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Qiao Wanli , Guo Wei , Cai Yuansong
Published: June 2024

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) mainly occurs in premature infants with
low birth weight, and it is the leading cause of childhood blindness.
Early and accurate ROP diagnosis is imperative for appropriate
treatment. However, less research concentrates on early-stage ROP
diagnosis based on limited-labeled images in an imbalanced dataset. To
address the dilemma, this study proposed a novel self-supervised
network, MOCO-MIM, for early ROP grading. The proposed classification
network was evaluated on a total of 553 labeled fundus images from 89
preterm infants. The trained network achieved a test accuracy of 98.29%
and an AUC score of 97.6% for three stages of grading. The adopted
method is verified that the proposed method can be detected early stages
of ROP more efficiently and grade the severity more accurately based on
limited-labeled fundus images, which is superior to the existing
state-of-the-art methods.
Shell abandonment by a hermit crab is an effective antipredator behavior against a portunid crab
Authors: Harada Mayu , Yoshino Kenji , Koga Tsunenori
Published: June 2024

When hermit crabs recognize the risk of predation, they generally hide
inside their shells or flee from the area, and little is known about
their abandonment of the shells for escape. We discovered that the
hermit crab Pagurus filholi abandons its shell and attempts to flee when
captured by the predatory crab Charybdis japonica, and we examined the
effectiveness of this behavior in laboratory experiments. We fed captive
C. japonica with P. filholi occupying gastropod shells. When the C.
japonica could not break the shell even a little, it gave up and the P.
filholi neither abandoned its shell nor was eaten. However, when the
predator succeeded in partially breaking the shell, the hermit crab
often abandoned the shell, and when it did so, it often survived. Once
the predator had completely broken the shell open, all hermit crabs that
remained in the shell were consumed, and those that abandoned the shell
were also often consumed. Therefore, hermit crabs do not need to abandon
their shells if a predator is unable to break the shell even slightly,
but if a predator begins to break the shell, they have a better chance
of survival if they abandon their shells at an early stage.
The Averaged Hydrostatic Boussinesq Equations in Generalized Vertical Coordinates
Authors: Jansen Malte Friedrich , Adcroft Alistair , Griffies Stephen M , Grooms Ian
Published: June 2024

Due to their limited resolution, numerical ocean models need to be
interpreted as representing filtered or averaged equations. How to
interpret models in terms of formally averaged equations, however, is
not always clear, particularly in the case of hybrid or generalized
vertical coordinate models. We derive the averaged hydrostatic
Boussinesq equations in generalized vertical coordinates for an
arbitrary thickness weighted-average. We then consider various special
cases and discuss the extent to which the averaged equations are
consistent with existing model formulations. As previously discussed,
the momentum equations in existing depth-coordinate models are best
interpreted as representing Eulerian averages (i.e., averages taken at
fixed depth), while the tracer equations can be interpreted as either
Eulerian or thickness-weighted isopycnal averages. Instead we find that
no averaging is fully consistent with existing formulations of the
parameterizations in semi-Lagrangian discretizations of generalized
vertical coordinate ocean models. Perhaps the most natural
interpretation of generalized vertical coordinate models is to assume
that the average follows the model’s coordinate surfaces. However, the
existing model formulations are generally not consistent with
coordinate-following averages, which would require “coordinate-aware”
parameterizations that can account for the changing nature of the eddy
terms as the coordinate changes. Alternatively, the model variables can
be interpreted as representing either Eulerian or (thickness-weighted)
isopycnal averages, independent of the model coordinate that is being
used for the numerical discretization. Existing parameterizations in
generalized vertical coordinate models, however, are usually not fully
consistent with either of these interpretations. We discuss what changes
are needed to achieve consistency.
Modeling the 3D dynamic rupture of microearthquakes induced by fluid injection
Authors: MOSCONI Francesco , Tinti Elisa , Casarotti Emanuele , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Rinaldi Antonio Pio , Zilio Luca Dal , Cocco Massimo
Published: June 2024

Understanding the dynamics of microearthquakes is a timely challenge
with the potential to address current paradoxes in earthquake mechanics,
and to better understand earthquake ruptures induced by fluid injection.
We perform fully 3D dynamic rupture simulations caused by fluid
injection on a target fault for FEAR experiments generating Mw ≤ 1
earthquakes. We investigate the dynamics of rupture propagation with
spatially variable stress drop caused by pore pressure changes and
assuming different constitutive parameters. We show that the spontaneous
arrest of propagating ruptures is possible by assuming a high fault
strength parameter S, that is, a high ratio between strength excess and
dynamic stress drop. In faults with high S values (low rupturing
potential), even minor variations in Dc (from 0.45 to 0.6 mm) have a
substantial effect on the rupture propagation and the ultimate
earthquake size. Our results show that modest spatial variations of
dynamic stress drop determine the rupture mode, distinguishing
self-arresting from run-away ruptures. Our results suggest that several
characteristics inferred for accelerating dynamic ruptures differ from
those observed during rupture deceleration of a self-arresting
earthquake. During deceleration, a decrease of peak slip velocity is
associated with a nearly constant cohesive zone size. Moreover, the
residual slip velocity value (asymptotic value for a crack-like rupture)
decreases to nearly zero. This means that an initially crack-like
rupture becomes a pulse-like rupture during spontaneous arrest. In
summary, our findings highlight the complex dynamics of small
earthquakes, which are partially contrasting with established crack-like
models of earthquake rupture.
Patrimônio cultural e distritos criativos
Authors: Scortegagna Socal Ana Julia , Romano Leonora
Published: June 2024

O Distrito Criativo Centro-Gare (DCCG) é uma iniciativa que visa transformar a região do centro histórico da cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, através do fomento à economia criativa, valorizando a memória e identidade do território, o qual tem um vínculo intrínseco com o passado ferroviário. Considerando o papel dessa região no desenvolvimento histórico-cultural da cidade, buscou-se identificar de que forma a temática do patrimônio cultural relaciona-se com o Distrito Criativo Centro-Gare, analisando desde a existência de edificações reconhecidas como patrimônio cultural até as ações propostas e desenvolvidas dentro da iniciativa. A partir do conjunto de dados coletados, constatou-se que o patrimônio cultural é abordado de forma transversal e multifacetada, sendo um dos pilares do Distrito Criativo Centro-Gare, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento.
Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Renaud-Charest Olivier , Stoljar Gold Alexander , Mok Elise , Kichler Jessica , Nakhla Meranda , Li Patricia
Published: June 2024

Background: Evidence is lacking on the risk of suicide-related behaviours (suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, suicide death) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Purpose: We aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with T1D aged 10-24 years; 2) compare suicide-related behaviour prevalence in youth with and without T1D; 3) identify factors associated with suicide-related behaviours.

Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO until September 3, 2023.

Study Selection: We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of suicide-related behaviours among AYA aged 10-24 years with T1D.

Data Extraction: We collected data on study characteristics, prevalence of suicide-related behaviours and associated factors.

Data Synthesis: We included 31 studies. In AYA with versus without T1D, pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 15.4% (95% confidence interval, 10.0-21.7; n=18 studies) versus 11.5% (0.4-33.3; n=4), respectively, and suicide attempts was 3.5% (1.3-6.7; n=8) versus 2.0% (0.0-6.4; n=5), respectively. Prevalence of suicide deaths ranged from 0.04% to 4.4% in youth with T1D. Difficulties with T1D self-management were frequently reported to be associated with higher rates of suicide-related behaviours. However, findings on the association of glycemic levels and suicide-related behaviours were inconsistent.

Limitations: There was a considerable level of heterogeneity in meta-analysis of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.

Conclusions: Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are prevalent in AYA with T1D. Current evidence does not suggest that these rates are higher in AYA with T1D compared to those without.
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide for Efficient Adsorptive Removal of Hymexazol Pesticide from Aqueous Solutions: Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Abdullah Fatima Mohammed , Ismail Ahmad Hussain , Rheima Ahmed Mahdi
Published: June 2024

Background: Nanomaterials play a significant role in the field of water treatment due to their environment-friendly and appealing physical and chemical characteristics. Objective: The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether graphene oxide adsorbents can effectively remove hymexazol pesticide from an aqueous solution. Methods: Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the modified Hummer method, and it was characterized by a number characterization techniques, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM, TEM, and EDX. Furthermore, the performances of the GO adsorbents for the removal of hymexazol from aqueous solution were investigated. The effect of contact time, GO dosage, initial hymexazol concentration, and temperature was carefully studied. Results: The kinetic experimental data were best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The kinetic experimental data were best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. And through the thermodynamic studies, it was found that the adsorption process of hymexazol pesticide is endothermic and spontaneous, in addition to the occurrence of adsorption and absorption together. Conclusions: The findings of the adsorption process demonstrated that graphene oxide is an extremely efficient adsorbent material for pesticide adsorption, owing to its large surface area and the presence of oxygen-rich groups on its surface.