bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hindlimb unloading induces time-dependent disruption of testicular histology in mice
Authors: Karim Asima , Qaisar Rizwan , Azeem Muhammad , Jose Josemin , Ramachandran Gopika , Ibrahim Zeinab Mohamed , Elmoselhi Adel , Ahmad Firdos , Abdel-Rahman Wael M. , Ranade Anu V.
Published: October 2022

Mechanical unloading of the body in the hindlimb unloaded (HU) mice induces pathology in multiple organs, but the effects on testes are poorly characterized. We investigated the histology and Raman spectroscopy of the mouse testes following HU condition. We divided male, c57BL/6j mice into ground-based controls or experimental groups for two and four weeks of HU. The testes tissues were dissected after euthanasia to investigate histological and Raman spectroscopic analysis. We found an HU-induced atrophy of testes irrespective of the time duration (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the HU induced epithelial thinning, luminal widening, and spermatozoa decline in the seminiferous tubules of the mouse testes. In addition, we found a thickening of the epididymal epithelia and tunica albuginea. These changes were accompanied by a generalized depression in the Raman spectra, indicating an altered concentration and/or orientation of several molecules. We also report reduced signal intensities of hydroxyproline and tryptophan, potentially contributing to testicular pathology during HU. Taken together, our findings indicate that the two or four weeks of HU induce disruption of testicular architecture and molecular phenotypes. Our results may have implications for understanding and/or treating male infertility associated with prolonged bed rest and spaceflight.
Chlorination-induced pKa decrease: an improved strategy to design ratiometric hypochlorite fluorescent probes with ideally high selectivity
Authors: Han Shaohui , Ding Binghui , Xiong Haiqing , Zuo Bojun , Ye Yong , Li Haipu , Song Xiangzhi
Published: October 2022

Based on the ClO−-triggered chlorination reaction and the subsequent pKa decrease, a two-photon ratiometric ClO− fluorescent probe was designed.
Chemoproteomic mapping of human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) interactions in cells
Authors: Hassan Abdullah A. , Wozniak Jacob M. , Vilen Zak , Li Weichao , Jadhav Appaso , Parker Christopher G. , Huang Mia L.
Published: October 2022

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of unconjugated soluble glycans found in human breast milk that exhibit a myriad of biological activity.
MOF-templated synthesis of photoluminescent MoS2 QDs
Authors: Xu Li , Fu Wei , Bao Lei , Wang Guanglin , Wang Wanping , Wang Wei , Xiang Kun , Deng Nengmei , Fu Xucheng , Jin Juncheng
Published: October 2022

MOF-templated synthesis of photoluminescent MoS2 QDs.
Optimizing phenyl selenide-based BODIPYs as fluorescent probes for diagnosing cancer and drug-induced liver injury via cysteine
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Wang Nannan , Tao Yuanfang , Wang Jiamin , Ji Xin , Liu Jinying , Zhao Weili , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2022

By optimizing phenyl selenide-based BODIPYs, probe BDP-Se-MOS for detecting Cys was obtained. It could not only discriminate between normal and cancer cells, but also image Cys in tumor-bearing mice as well as the fluctuations of Cys in DILI model.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as fluorescence sensors: principles, development and prospects
Authors: Wu Tingting , Gao Xiang-jing , Ge Fayuan , Zheng He-gen
Published: October 2022

This review classifies the latest developments of MOF-based fluorescence sensors according to the analytes, and discusses the challenges faced by MOF-based fluorescence sensors and promotes some directions for future research.
Effect of vinylene carbonate on SEI formation on LiMn2O4 in carbonate-based electrolytes
Authors: Phan Quynh T. N. , Kawamura Junichi , Kurihara Kazue
Published: October 2022

The electrochemical reaction of vinylene carbonate on the anode contributes to reduce the reaction of ROH and LiPF6 at LiMn2O4 cathode resulting in an increased LiF/MnF2 ratio of the SEI layer.
A machine learning approach for predicting the fluorination strength of electrophilic fluorinating reagents
Authors: Saini Vaneet
Published: October 2022

A neural network algorithm utilizing SMILES encoding of organic molecules was successfully employed for predicting the fluorination strength of a wide range of N–F fluorinating reagents.
Transition metal(ii) complexes of halogenated derivatives of (E)-4-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)quinazoline: structure, antioxidant activity, DNA-binding DNA photocleavage, interaction with albumin andin silicostudies
Authors: Kakoulidou Chrisoula , Chasapis Christos T. , Hatzidimitriou Antonios G. , Fylaktakidou Konstantina C. , Psomas George
Published: October 2022

Six transition metal(ii) complexes with halogenated quinazoline derivatives as ligands were characterized and evaluated for interaction with calf-thymus DNA, photocleavage of plasmid-DNA, affinity for bovine serum albumin, and antioxidant activity.
Eu2+-activated MgAl2Si4O6N4: a novel oxonitridoalumosilicate blue phosphor for white LEDs
Authors: Liu Yifei , Liu Yifeng , Wu Meihua , He Can , Liu Qiyun , Huang Ximing , Min Xin , Huang Zhaohui , Wang Hui , Mi Ruiyu
Published: October 2022

Recently, blue-emitting phosphors have attracted great interest due to their application in full-spectrum white light illumination.
Ceramic fibers do not exhibit larger toxicity in pulmonary epithelial cells than nanoparticles of the same chemical composition
Authors: Bacova Jana , Hromadko Ludek , Nyvltová Pavlina , Bruckova Lenka , Motola Martin , Bulanek Roman , Rihova Martina , Rousar Tomas , Macak Jan M.
Published: October 2022

Inorganic fibers and nanoparticles of the same chemical composition induce similar biological effects in pulmonary cells, which means no or negligible toxicity.
Compact wide-field femtoliter-chamber imaging system for high-speed and accurate digital bioanalysis
Authors: Iida Tatsuya , Ando Jun , Shinoda Hajime , Makino Asami , Yoshimura Mami , Murai Kazue , Mori Makiko , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Noda Takeshi , Nishimasu Hiroshi , Watanabe Rikiya
Published: October 2022

We developed a compact wide-field femtoliter chamber imaging system for high-speed and accurate digital bioanalysis (COWFISH), paving a way for various biomedical applications, such as diagnosis of viral infections.
Lipopolysaccharide and statin-mediated immune-responsive protein networks revealed in macrophages through affinity purification spacer-arm controlled cross-linking (AP-SPACC) proteomics
Authors: Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa , Chakrabarty Jayanta K. , Chowdhury Saiful M.
Published: October 2022

Affinity purification spacer-arm controlled cross-linking mass spectrometry (AP-SPACC-MS) to study LPS and statin mediated inflammatory signaling in macrophages.
Defect-engineered room temperature negative differential resistance in monolayer MoS2 transistors
Authors: Chang Wen-Hao , Lu Chun-I , Yang Tilo H. , Yang Shu-Ting , Simbulan Kristan Bryan , Lin Chih-Pin , Hsieh Shang-Hsien , Chen Jyun-Hong , Li Kai-Shin , Chen Chia-Hao , Hou Tuo-Hung , Lu Ting-Hua , Lan Yann-Wen
Published: October 2022

Defect-engineered monolayer MoS2 transistors with sulfur vacancies of ∼5 ± 0.5% behave the stable negative differential resistance effect at room temperature. The peak-to-valley ratio can be modulated via the gate electric field and light intensity.
Evaluation of LaxSr1−xZnyFe1−yO3−δ(x= 0.54, 0.8,y= 0.2, 0.4) as a promising cobalt free composite cathode for SOFCs
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Muneer Majid , Raza Rizwan , Jamal Muhammad Asghar , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem
Published: October 2022

Cobalt free composite cathode materials with excellent fuel cell performance and thermal stability are reported as promising candidates for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).
Cluster halogenation of adamantane and its derivatives with bromine and iodine monochloride
Authors: Shernyukov Andrey V. , Salnikov George E. , Krasnov Vyacheslav I. , Genaev Alexander M.
Published: October 2022

Noncatalytic halogenation of adamantane with Br2or ICl proceeds according to the cluster mechanism featuring high kinetic order in halogen and a sharp decrease in DFT energy barrier when additional halogen molecules are involved in the system.
Modification of proteins with azobenzene crosslinkers using reversible covalent bonds
Authors: Yasuike Nobuo , Kachi-Terajima Chihiro , Karin Amir , Mino Takashi , Woolley G. Andrew
Published: October 2022

Bis-cyanoacrylate azobenzene (BCNA) targets di-thiol peptides in the presence of mono-thiols and enables photoswitching of helical structure.
Molecular intercalation in black phosphorus with tunable bandgaps for infrared photoelectric materials
Authors: Chu Feihong , Zhou Rongkun , Liu Beiyun , Zhou Wencai , Yan Hui , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: October 2022

Molecular intercalation in black phosphorus shows tunable bandgap from 0.3 eV to 1.8 eV (covering from near-infrared to mid-infrared absorption spectra) with increase of intercalated molecule density (from 1 × 1020 cm−3 to 6.1 × 1020 cm−3).
Ni12 tetracubane cores with slow relaxation of magnetization and efficient charge utilization for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tanuhadi Elias , Cano Joan , Batool Samar , Cherevan Alexey , Eder Dominik , Rompel Annette
Published: October 2022

Two Ni12-multicubane topologies {Ni12W30} and {Ni12W27} have been synthesized. Magnetometry and homogeneous catalytic studies probing their properties as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts clearly distinguish {Ni12W30} and {Ni12W27} from Ni4 cubanes.
New mechanisms for the kidney-protective effect of alkali in chronic kidney disease
Authors: O’Connor Paul M. , Mannon Elinor C.
Published: October 2022

Worldwide, more than one in ten adults are estimated to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). As CKD progresses, both the cost of treatment and associated risk of morbidity and mortality increase exponentially. As such, there is a great need for therapies that effectively slow CKD progression. Evidence from several small clinical trials indicates that alkali therapy may slow the rate of CKD progression. The biological mechanisms underlying this protective effect, however, remain unknown. In their recently published manuscript, Pastor Arroyo et al. (Clin Sci (Lond) (2022) 136(8): https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20220095) demonstrate that the alkali sodium bicarbonate protects against loss of renal function in a crystal nephropathy model in mice. Using unbiased approaches in both mice and human tissue, the authors go on to identify two novel mechanisms that may underly this protection. The first pathway is through promoting pathways of cell metabolism, which they speculate helps the remaining functional nephrons adapt to the greater metabolic needs required to maintain kidney filtration. The second pathway is by restoration of α-Klotho levels, which may limit the expression of adhesion molecules in the injured kidney. This, the authors speculate, may prevent inflammation from driving the functional decline of the kidney. Identifying these novel pathways represents an important step forward harnessing the potential benefits of alkali therapy in CKD.
Evolved eclipsing binary systems in the Galactic bulge: Precise physical and orbital parameters of OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 and OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218
Authors: Suchomska K. , Graczyk D. , Gałan C. , Ziółkowska O. , Smolec R. , Pietrzyński G. , Gieren W. , Villanova S. , Górski M. , Thompson I. B. , Wielgórski P. , Zgirski B. , Karczmarek P. , Pilecki B. , Taormina M. , Narloch W. , Hajdu G. , Lewis M. , Kałuszyński M. , Rojas García G.
Published: October 2022

Aims. Our goal is to determine, with high accuracy, the physical and orbital parameters of two double-lined eclipsing binary systems, where the components are two giant stars. We also aim to study the evolutionary status of the binaries, to derive the distances towards them by using a surface brightness–colour relation, and to compare these measurements with the measurements presented by the Gaia mission.

Methods. In order to measure the physical and orbital parameters of the systems, we analysed the light curves and radial-velocity curves with the Wilson–Devinney code. We used V-band and I-band photometry from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) catalogue and near-infrared photometry obtained with the New Technology Telescope (NTT) equipped with the SOFI instrument. The spectroscopic data were collected with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph mounted at the ESO 3.6-m telescope and the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) spectrograph mounted at the 6.5-m Clay telescope.

Results. We present the first analysis of this kind for two evolved eclipsing binary systems from the OGLE catalogue: OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 and OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218. The masses of the components of OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 are M1 = 1.059 ± 0.019 and M2 = 0.991 ± 0.018 M⊙, and the radii are R1 = 19.27 ± 0.28 and R2 = 29.99 ± 0.24 R⊙. For OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218, the masses are M1 = 0.969 ± 0.012 and M2 = 0.983 ± 0.012 M⊙, while the radii are R1 = 16.73 ± 0.28 and R2 = 22.06 ± 0.26 R⊙. The evolutionary status of the systems is discussed based on the PARSEC and MIST isochrones. The ages of the systems were established to be between 7.3–10.9 Gyr for OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 and around 10 Gyr for OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218. We also measured the distances to the binaries. For OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487, d = 7.80 ± 0.18 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.) kpc and for OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218, d = 7.57 ± 0.28 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.) kpc.
Augenärztliche Versorgung früh- und reifgeborener Personen in deren Kindheit und Jugend – eine retrospektive Sicht der Eltern
Authors: Fieß Achim , Wacker Annika , Gißler Sandra , Fauer Agnes , Mildenberger Eva , Urschitz Michael S. , Elflein Heike Maria , Stoffelns Bernhard M. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander K.
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Beschreibung der augenärztlichen Versorgung in der Kindheit und Jugend früh- und reifgeborener Personen aus der retrospektiven
Sicht der Eltern.

Patienten, Material und Methoden Die Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) ist eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit einer prospektiven augenärztlichen Untersuchung von früh- und
reifgeborenen Personen, die zwischen 1969 und 2002 geboren wurden (aktuelles Alter 18 bis 52 Jahre). Sie schließt eine Befragung von deren Eltern zur augenärztlichen Versorgung ihrer Kinder
in der Kindheit und Jugend aus der Retrospektive ein. Die Teilnehmenden und deren Eltern wurden in Personen mit normalem Gestationsalter (GA) ≥ 37 (Kontrollgruppe), Frühgeborene ohne ROP
(Retinopathy of Prematurity) mit GA 33 – 36 (Gruppe 2), GA 29 – 32 (Gruppe 3), GA ≤ 28 Wochen (Gruppe 4) und solche mit ROP ohne Behandlung (Gruppe 5) und mit ROP mit Behandlung (Gruppe 6)
gruppiert. Die Eltern der Teilnehmenden wurden zur augenärztlichen Versorgung und zur Zufriedenheit damit befragt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden die Daten von 57 reifgeborenen und 131 frühgeborenen Kindern und deren Eltern in die vorliegende Studie eingeschlossen. Die Eltern der Teilnehmenden gaben
an, dass eine augenärztliche Untersuchung bis zum 6. Lebensjahr in den jeweiligen Gruppen 1 bis 6 bei 22/57 (38,6%), 33/58 (56,9%), 22/38 (57,9%), 3/6 (50%), 19/21 (90,5%) und 7/8 (87,5%)
stattgefunden habe. Insgesamt gaben 83 – 100% der Eltern in den verschiedenen Gruppen an, dass die augenärztliche Betreuung gut gewesen sei. Einen Augenarztwechsel aufgrund von
Behandlungsunzufriedenheit berichteten insgesamt 4/57 (7%), 9/58 (15,5%), 8/38 (21,1%), 1/6 (16,7%), 1/21 (4,8%) und 2/8 (25%) in den jeweiligen Gruppen.

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Studie zeigt eine gute Behandlungszufriedenheit hinsichtlich der augenärztlichen Betreuung von ehemaligen frühgeborenen Personen, insbesondere Eltern
von Kindern mit einer ROP bewerteten diese positiv.
Wenn die Haare fehlen – Haarausfall in der Gynäkologischen Praxis
Authors: Baus Simona Lucia
Published: October 2022

Haarausfall ist eine der unangenehmsten Veränderungen des äußeren Erscheinungbildes der
Frau, wenn er pathologisch auftritt. Eine der häufigsten Formen ist die androgenetische
Alopezie. Diese kann durch eine manifeste Hyperandrogenämie, ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen
Androgenen und Östrogenen oder durch eine genetisch bedingte Überempfindlichkeit der
Haarfollikel gegenüber Androgenen verursacht werden. Diese Form der Alopezie kann sich in
allen Altersabschnitten manifestieren. Ziel der Therapie ist, die Wirkung der Androgene an den
Haarfollikeln zu minimieren, dies kann sowohl systemisch als auch lokal erreicht werden,
sodass zumindest das Fortschreiten dieses Symptoms verhindert werden kann. Eine Zusammenarbeit
zwischen Dermatologen und Gynäkologen ist nicht selten notwendig, um den Patientinnen zu
helfen.
Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,
Authors: Schmidt-Ohlemann Matthias
Published: October 2022

Die Beiträge in dieser Ausgabe verweisen auf die Notwendigkeit der
Orientierung von Rehabilitationskonzepten auf die Person des Rehabilitanden und
seine Lebensführung in seiner Lebenswelt. Punktuelle kurzzeitige Leistungen
stationärer Rehabilitation liegen außerhalb des Alltagslebens und
bieten dadurch einerseits besondere Chancen einer Neuorientierung, erfordern
andererseits den Transfer und die Umsetzung des Erlernten in die
Lebensführung. Rehabilitationsstrategien mit Fokus auf
Verhaltensänderungen unterscheiden sich von solchen, die der
Wiederherstellung von Funktionen, d. h. der Restitution dienen, und damit
die Voraussetzungen für die angestrebte Teilhabe schaffen. Drei Studien
dieses Heftes befassen sich mit längerfristigen Perspektiven.
Re-evaluation After 2 Years of COVID-19 Pandemic: Return to Play in
Pediatric Population: What’s New?
Authors: Tranchita Eliana , Cafiero Giulia , Giordano Ugo , Gentili Federica , Parisi Attilio , Pierri Chiara , Carducci Francesca Ippolita Calò , Drago Fabrizio , Turchetta Attilio
Published: October 2022

An observational retrospective study was conducted on 180 young competitive
athletes. These children were revaluated after a mild/moderate
SARS-CoV-2 infection through 3 different kind of protocol aimed at recognizing
any cardiorespiratory complications due to the infection. The aim of the present
study was to evaluate the results of “return to play” Italian
protocols for readmission to competitive sport in the pediatric population. All
of the subjects analyzed were readmitted to competitive sports after
revaluation. None of the young athletes showed cardiorespiratory compromises at
first and/or second level evaluation, confirming that in young
population there is low risk of hospitalization and life-threatening
complications after a mild/moderate infection. Italian simplified
protocol for resuming sport have proved to be a valuable tool for health
assessment both in adult and young athletes allowing them to resume their
training in safety.
Spread through Air Spaces (STAS) in Solitary Pulmonary Metastases from Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
Authors: Haj Khalaf Mohamed Anwar , Sirbu Horia , Hartmann Arndt , Agaimy Abbas , Dudek Wojciech , Higaze Mostafa , Rieker Ralf
Published: October 2022

Background Spread through air spaces (STAS) is a recently described route of tumor invasion associated with poor prognosis in primary lung cancer. Aim of this study was to investigate the presence of STAS and to assess its prognostic significance in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for solitary metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials and Methods All 49 CRC patients (30 male and 19 female, median age 66 years) who underwent PM between January 2008 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results STAS was identified in 26.5% (n = 13) of resected specimens. Location of pulmonary lesions (central vs. peripheral) was assessed based on the available computed tomography imaging (n = 47, 96%). STAS was detected in all five patients with central metastases (100%) versus 7 of 42 (17%) with peripheral metastases (p = 0.0001). Locoregional recurrence occurred in STAS-positive patients (n = 4 of 13 vs. n = 0 of 36), all STAS-negative patients remained recurrence-free (p = 0.003). Median number of alveoli with STAS involvement was four (range from 2 to 9). There was statistically positive relationship between the number of alveoli invaded with STAS and locoregional recurrence of metastases (p = 0.0001). The presence of STAS is not a factor affecting the 5-year overall survival rate (p = 0.6651).

Conclusion We identified STAS as a frequent finding in resected CRC lung metastases and found insignificant association with outcome.
Density functional theory calculations for investigation of atomic structures of 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface after NO annealing
Authors: Komatsu Naoki , Ohmoto Mizuho , Uemoto Mitsuharu , Ono Tomoya
Published: October 2022

We propose the atomic structures of the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface for a face (11¯00), m face (112¯0), the C face (0001¯), and Si face (0001) after NO annealing using the OH-terminated SiC surface models. Our proposed structures preferentially form at the topmost layers of the SiC side of the interface, which agrees with the experimental finding of secondary-ion mass spectrometry; that is, the N atoms accumulate at the interface. In addition, the areal N-atom density is of the order of 1015atom/cm2 for each plane, which is also consistent with the experimental result. Moreover, the electronic structure on the interface after NO annealing in which the CO bonds are removed and the nitride layer only at the interface is inserted, is free from gap states, although some interface models before NO annealing include the gap states arising from the CO bonds near the valence band edge of the bandgap. Our results imply that NO annealing can contribute to the reduction in the density of interface defects by forming the nitride layer.
Blocked electron transmission/reflection by coupled Rashba–Zeeman effects for forward and backward spin filtering
Authors: Shih Po-Hsin , Gumbs Godfrey , Huang Danhong , Iurov Andrii , Abranyos Yonatan
Published: October 2022

We present a theory for studying the quantum dynamics of both the transmission and reflection behavior of a two-dimensional electron gas across a planar potential step within a quantum well. In our model, we introduce the combined effect of the Rashba–Zeeman coupling on the conduction electrons. Our results demonstrate that as the energy of an incident or a transmitted electron stays within the Zeeman energy gap, both Klein reflection and Klein tunneling occur in this Rashba–Zeeman coupled electronic system, where the former corresponds to a backward spin filter while the latter to a forward spin filter. Meanwhile, our system also predicts a critical incident angle beyond which the electron tunneling will be fully suppressed. Such distinctive spin-filtering features are expected to give rise to a variety of applications in both spintronics and quantum-computation devices.
Unsteady aerodynamic performance of a tandem flapping–fixed airfoil configuration at low Reynolds number
Authors: Wu Jianghao , Li Gang , Chen Long , Zhang Yanlai
Published: October 2022

In nature, insects with their forewings and hindwings undergoing small-gap flapping motion experience strong aerodynamic interaction. Conventional studies mainly focus on the propulsion performance of tandem flapping wings, while the interaction between a flapping wing and a fixed wing in the tandem configuration at low Reynolds numbers (Re) is unclear. In this paper, we numerically studied the aerodynamic performance and vortex structure of this tandem flapping–fixed airfoil configuration. The effects of horizontal distance (LX), vertical distance (LY), and geometric angle of attack (α) of the fixed wing on the thrust and lift performance are investigated. The results show that LX dominates the propulsion performance, while LY and α control the lift performance. The thrust enhancement of the flapping airfoil is effective only within a small range of LX, and the thrust is mainly determined by the changing rate of the impulse of the vortices directly connected to the airfoils. The lift reaches its peak when LY approaches the plunging amplitude. Compared with a fixed airfoil, the flapping–fixed configuration shows a larger lift-to-drag ratio, indicating a lift enhancement led by the interaction with the upstream flapping airfoil. Moreover, increasing LY and α simultaneously can lead to additional advantages in lift generation. Further analysis shows that changes of LY and α both manifest in a variation of the effective angle of attack of the fixed airfoil, thereby manipulating its lift generation. This paper provides an aerodynamic database and guidance for the design of micro air vehicles using tandem flapping–fixed wings.
Beyond ab initio reaction simulator: An application to GaN metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Kusaba A. , Nitta S. , Shiraishi K. , Kuboyama T. , Kangawa Y.
Published: October 2022

To develop a quantitative reaction simulator, data assimilation was performed using high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) data applied to a GaN metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy system. Incorporating ab initio knowledge into the optimization enables it to reproduce not only the concentration of CH4 (an impurity precursor) as an objective variable but also known reaction pathways. The simulation results show significant production of GaH3, a precursor of GaN, which has been difficult to detect in TOF-MS experiments. Our proposed approach is expected to be applicable to other applied physics fields that require quantitative prediction that goes beyond ab initio reaction rates.
Influences of electroosmotic flow on ionic current through nanopores: A comprehensive understanding
Authors: Qiu Yinghua , Ma Long
Published: October 2022

Continuum simulations become an important tool to uncover the mysteries in nanofluidic experiments. However, fluid flow in simulation models is usually unconsidered. Here, systematical simulations are conducted to provide a quantitative understanding of influences from electroosmotic flow (EOF) on ionic transport through nanopores by both types of models with and without consideration of EOF. In nanopores of less than ∼10 nm in diameter, counterions dominate ionic current, which is always promoted obviously by the convective effect of EOF. In the diameter range from ∼10 to ∼30 nm, strong EOF induces ion concentration polarization or ion depletion inside nanopores, which causes significant decreases in ionic current. For nanopores larger than ∼30 nm, due to convective promotion and inhibition of EOF on the transport of counterions and anions, considerable nanopore selectivity to counterions maintains in cases with EOF. Though the difference in total current between both cases decreases with further pore size increasing, the difference in cation/anion current is still considerable. From our results under various pore parameters and applied conditions, the fluid flow should be considered in the simulation cases when EOF is strong. Our work may provide useful guidance for simulation conductance.
Non-invasive assessment of oocyte developmental competence
Authors: Tan Tiffany C. Y. , Dunning Kylie R.
Published: October 2022

Oocyte quality is a key factor influencing IVF success. The oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells, known collectively as the cumulus oocyte complex (COC), communicate bi-directionally and regulate each other’s metabolic function to support oocyte growth and maturation. Many studies have attempted to associate metabolic markers with oocyte quality, including metabolites in follicular fluid or ‘spent medium’ following maturation, gene expression of cumulus cells and measuring oxygen consumption in medium surrounding COCs. However, these methods fail to provide spatial metabolic information on the separate oocyte and cumulus cell compartments. Optical imaging of the autofluorescent cofactors – reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) – has been put forward as an approach to generate spatially resolved measurements of metabolism within individual cells of the COC. The optical redox ratio (FAD/[NAD(P)H + FAD]), calculated from these cofactors, can act as an indicator of overall metabolic activity in the oocyte and cumulus cell compartments. Confocal microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and hyperspectral microscopy may be used for this purpose. This review provides an overview of current optical imaging techniques that capture the inner biochemistry within cells of the COC and discusses the potential for such imaging to assess oocyte developmental competence.
Systemic racism alters wildlife genetic diversity
Authors: Schmidt Chloé , Garroway Colin J.
Published: October 2022

In the United States, systemic racism has had lasting effects on the structure of cities, specifically due to government-mandated redlining policies that produced racially segregated neighborhoods that persist today. However, it is not known whether varying habitat structures and natural resource availability associated with racial segregation affect the demographics and evolution of urban wildlife populations. To address this question, we repurposed and reanalyzed publicly archived nuclear genetic data from 7,698 individuals spanning 39 terrestrial vertebrate species sampled in 268 urban locations throughout the United States. We found generally consistent patterns of reduced genetic diversity and decreased connectivity in neighborhoods with fewer White residents, likely because of environmental differences across these neighborhoods. The strength of relationships between the racial composition of neighborhoods, genetic diversity, and differentiation tended to be weak relative to other factors affecting genetic diversity, possibly in part due to the recency of environmental pressures on urban wildlife populations. However, the consistency of the direction of effects across disparate taxa suggest that systemic racism alters the demography of urban wildlife populations in ways that generally limit population sizes and negatively affect their chances of persistence. Our results thus support the idea that limited capacity to support large, well-connected wildlife populations reduces access to nature and builds on existing environmental inequities shouldered by predominantly non-White neighborhoods.
Estimation of functional diversity and species traits from ecological monitoring data
Authors: Ryabov Alexey , Blasius Bernd , Hillebrand Helmut , Olenina Irina , Gross Thilo
Published: October 2022

The twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss define a strong need for functional diversity monitoring. While the availability of high-quality ecological monitoring data is increasing, the quantification of functional diversity so far requires the identification of species traits, for which data are harder to obtain. However, the traits that are relevant for the ecological function of a species also shape its performance in the environment and hence, should be reflected indirectly in its spatiotemporal distribution. Thus, it may be possible to reconstruct these traits from a sufficiently extensive monitoring dataset. Here, we use diffusion maps, a deterministic and de facto parameter-free analysis method, to reconstruct a proxy representation of the species’ traits directly from monitoring data and use it to estimate functional diversity. We demonstrate this approach with both simulated data and real-world phytoplankton monitoring data from the Baltic Sea. We anticipate that wider application of this approach to existing data could greatly advance the analysis of changes in functional biodiversity.
Structural basis for mouse receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shi Ke , Geng Qibin , Ye Gang , Aihara Hideki , Li Fang
Published: October 2022

The sudden emergence and rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant has raised questions about its animal reservoir. Here, we investigated receptor recognition of the omicron’s receptor-binding domain (RBD), focusing on four of its mutations (Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, and Y505H) surrounding two mutational hotspots. These mutations have variable effects on the RBD’s affinity for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but they all enhance the RBD’s affinity for mouse ACE2. We further determined the crystal structure of omicron RBD complexed with mouse ACE2. The structure showed that all four mutations are viral adaptations to mouse ACE2: three of them (Q493R, Q498R, and Y505H) are uniquely adapted to mouse ACE2, whereas the other one (N501Y) is adapted to both human ACE2 and mouse ACE2. These data reveal that the omicron RBD was well adapted to mouse ACE2 before omicron started to infect humans, providing insight into the potential evolutionary origin of the omicron variant.
Universal structural requirements for maximal robust perfect adaptation in biomolecular networks
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Khammash Mustafa
Published: October 2022

Adaptation is a running theme in biology. It allows a living system to survive and thrive in the face of unpredictable environments by maintaining key physiological variables at their desired levels through tight regulation. When one such variable is maintained at a certain value at the steady state despite perturbations to a single input, this property is called robust perfect adaptation (RPA). Here we address and solve the fundamental problem of maximal RPA (maxRPA), whereby, for a designated output variable, RPA is achieved with respect to perturbations in virtually all network parameters. In particular, we show that the maxRPA property imposes certain structural constraints on the network. We then prove that these constraints are fully characterized by simple linear algebraic stoichiometric conditions which differ between deterministic and stochastic descriptions of the dynamics. We use our results to derive a new internal model principle (IMP) for biomolecular maxRPA networks, akin to the celebrated IMP in control theory. We exemplify our results through several known biological examples of robustly adapting networks and construct examples of such networks with the aid of our linear algebraic characterization. Our results reveal the universal requirements for maxRPA in all biological systems, and establish a foundation for studying adaptation in general biomolecular networks, with important implications for both systems and synthetic biology.
Investigating pragmatic failure in L2 English email writing among Japanese university EFL learners
Authors: Nicholas Allan , Blake John , Mozgovoy Maxim , Perkins Jeremy
Published: October 2022

English L2 email is an important mode of communication for Japanese university learners. However, learners often
find it challenging to vary register in a pragmatically-appropriate manner when emailing. Identifying specific aspects of English
email writing that learners find challenging can provide the basis for addressing learner needs. A corpus approach can help,
systematically identifying instances of perceived divergence from register-specific norms in an email dataset. Few learner
corpora, however, have focused on appropriate register variation in learner L2 English. This article describes the development,
annotation, and analysis of a specialized corpus of Japanese university English L2 learners’ request-based email writing,
annotated for perceived instances of pragmatic failure. Findings show high frequencies of perceived pragmatic failure across all
aspects of English L2 email writing, with participants struggling to appropriately adapt their language to varying contexts.
Implications for the language learning classroom are discussed.
NBR1: The archetypal selective autophagy receptor
Authors: Rasmussen Nikoline Lander , Kournoutis Athanasios , Lamark Trond , Johansen Terje
Published: October 2022

NBR1 was discovered as an autophagy receptor not long after the first described vertebrate autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1. Since then, p62 has currently been mentioned in >10,000 papers on PubMed, while NBR1 is mentioned in <350 papers. Nonetheless, evolutionary analysis reveals that NBR1, and likely also selective autophagy, was present already in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), while p62 appears first in the early Metazoan lineage. Furthermore, yeast-selective autophagy receptors Atg19 and Atg34 represent NBR1 homologs. NBR1 is the main autophagy receptor in plants that do not contain p62, while most animal taxa contain both NBR1 and p62. Mechanistic studies are starting to shed light on the collaboration between mammalian NBR1 and p62 in the autophagic degradation of protein aggregates (aggrephagy). Several domains of NBR1 are involved in cargo recognition, and the list of known substrates for NBR1-mediated selective autophagy is increasing. Lastly, roles of NBR1 in human diseases such as proteinopathies and cancer are emerging.
Cholesterol: Enhancing FGF2 translocation in unconventional secretion
Authors: Wang Haodong , Zhang Min , Ge Liang
Published: October 2022

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is a potent mitogen that is secreted through an unconventional secretory pathway by crossing the plasma membrane directly. In this current issue, Lolicato et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202106123) find that the secretion process is promoted by cholesterol, which enhances PI(4,5)P2 accessibility to FGF2 binding and alters membrane property to increase FGF2 translocation.
Structure and trophic organisation of the macrobenthic community of the Hassar stream after installation of the Mediouna wastewater treatment plant (Casablanca, Morocco)
Authors: Nahli A , Sghiouer F E , Oubraim S , Chlaida M
Published: October 2022

The goal of this research is to assess changes in the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs) in the Hassar Stream (north-east of Casablanca) after the Mediouna wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was installed. Over the course of a year, from November 2013 to October 2014, data on water quality and macroinvertebrate fauna are gathered at seven sampling stations. To measure the resilience of FFGs, macroinvertebrates are used to analyse the influence of physicochemical water quality on their organisation. Based on FFGs abundance, Collector-gatherers make up 39.06 percent of the macroinvertebrates’ assemblage, followed by shredders (28.41 percent) and collector-filters (28.41 percent) (18.76 percent). Except for the upstream stations (S1 and S2), the FFGs ratios indicated that the environment is largely heterotrophic, has a significant relationship with riparian inputs, and generally stable substrates. These findings emphasise the necessity of researching macroinvertebrate FFGs as a supplement to measuring the ecological integrity and resilience of rivers after anthropogenic impact reduction.
Assessment of soil erosion rate using the EPM model : case of Ouaoumana basin, Middle Atlas, Morocco.
Authors: Ennaji N , Ouakhir H , Halouan S , Abahrour M
Published: October 2022

Soil erosion and land degradation are considered serious problems, decrease soil fertility, flooding, and silting of dams, which makes soil conservation and control of erosion risk are basic issues in all countries. The crucial aim of this study is to evaluate the soil erosion rates and to spatialize its hazard, by applying an empirical model namely the erosion potential model (EPM), known also as the Gavrilovic method. Located in the Middle Atlas of Morocco, the chosen study area is known as the Ouaoumana basin, which is a small mountainous area. In terms of climate, it can be classified as the Mediterranean with mountainous influence. The studied area is characterized by an annual rainfall average range between 378 and 513 mm. Consequently, the obtained results were evaluated using GIS software and compared in terms of two different representative catchments. The criteria of selecting the two studied headwaters are; different localization within the Ouaoumana basin, land uses, slopes, and lithology. The Tiguert catchment (a) which is located in the downstream part, is moderately eroded with a rate of less than 39007 m3/km2/yr-1. In inverse, the Wanmroud catchment (b) is situated in the upstream part of the studied basin, and is highly eroded due to lithology, slopes, and land use impacts. Besides, within this catchment (b) the produced soil erosion rate varies from 222 to more than 164420 m3/km2/yr1.
Geoenvironmental characterization of two REE deposits: the Montviel carbonatites and Kipawa silicates, Quebec Canada
Authors: Edahbi M , Plante B , Benzaazoua M , Cayer A
Published: October 2022

Drainage water quality is the significant environmental concern for the rare earth elements (REE) mining industry. REE deposits are associated with other metals and radioactive bearing minerals. REE mining and refining activities can generate significant quantities of liquid and solid wastes. Therefore, a long-term integrated approach covering the full mine-life cycle is required to mitigate possible environmental concerns. In the present study, two REE concentrates were prepared and all deposit lithologies of carbonatites and silicates sampled and investigated for their mineralogy, geochemistry, and their environmental behavior using kinetic testing. For the Montviel carbonatite (enriched in light rare earth elements, or LREE), the majority of REE-bearing minerals are associated with carbonates (i.e., monazite, kukharenkoite, burbankite, etc.), whereas the REE-bearing minerals associated with the Kipawa silicates (enriched in heavy rare earth elements, or HREE) are fluorbritholite, eudyalite, mosandrite, etc. The kinetic tests showed a neutral to alkaline pH of leachates and a low leachability of REE (carbonatites <140 μg/L; silicates <15 μg/L) with a higher mobility of HREE than LREE. The reactivity of REE carbonates are one to two orders of magnitude higher than REE silicates. For sustainable mineral development, geological and environmental data was integrated into the geometallurgical model to identify and control the environmental risks associated with mining those two deposits.
Floristic analysis of the medicinal flora used by the population of the Central Middle Atlas (Morocco)
Authors: Hachi M , Hachi T , Essabiri H , Ainane T , El Yaakoubi A , Zidane L
Published: October 2022

Within the scope of the exploitation of natural resources, an ethnobotanical and floristic study was carried out in the Central Middle Atlas to identify the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine and to collect as much information as possible about the local knowledge held by the local population. Ethnobotanical field surveys were conducted during two campaigns (2013 and 2014) using a questionnaire sheet. The location of the different ethnobotanical and floristic surveying environments was identified by the stratified sampling method. The survey was carried out among 1560 inhabitants randomly selected from the population of the study area with a sample of 40 persons per stratum. The results of these surveys have enabled us to draw up a catalog of 267 medicinal species divided into 211 genera and 79 families, among which: 6 are the most represented, including Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Oregano (Origanum compactum Benth.) is the most used species. The elaborated catalog is characterized by the presence of endemic species of Morocco and also by the presence of rare or threatened taxa with a percentage of 6, 36 % of the listed species. The study contributes to improving knowledge about traditional medicine and safeguarding folk knowledge. but abusive gathering can put wild medicinal species at risk, many populations of local medicinal species suffer from overexploitation. Thus, it is necessary to provide legislative measures capable of protecting them and also to create specialized nurseries in order to curb the abuse of use and direct it towards a more rational and scientific use.
Growth Rate Analysis Casuarina equisetifolia of The Case Study Pacitan and Samas Coast Area
Authors: Purwono N A S
Published: October 2022

The southern coast of Java is an area that is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis because the area is a meeting of the Pacific plate and the Indo-Australian plate meeting the South American continental plate, and the North American plate meeting the Philippine plate. The tsunami disaster can cause significant loss of life and material and cause damage to infrastructure in coastal areas. Casuarina equisetifolia is one type of vegetation that can grow in the southern coastal area of Java, where the coastal morphology is dominated by sand-type material used for protection from wind waves. The primary survey carried out in this study was to obtain the dimensions of coastal forest plants. The results of the Casuarina measurements were the age of 2 to 4 years at the Samas Coast area and 1 to 9 years were made at Teleng Ria Coast area. The analyzing show that increasing logarithmic function of Casuarina the trend of increasing growth of Casuarina tree height. It ages the older the tree height will increase, but this does not apply to the thickness of the tree canopy that grows to the side, because influenced by the position of the shoreline and the plant spacing factor.
The vulnerability of Small Islands from Coastlines Change in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmadi M M , Liviawaty E , Faizal I , Purba N P , Ramadhan R A , Amrullah R , Dianti I E
Published: October 2022

Indonesia has 16.100 islands and 92 is outermost islands. These small islands are currently experiencing the impact of climate change from sea level rise and global warming. This study aims to determine vulnerability of small island through changes in coastline and dynamic change of area due to climate change especially from coastline changes. Nineteen islands selected as representation of Indonesia seas regions. The data were collected from satellite images range from 2000 to 2020. To analyze, this research method uses Coastsat method to detect coastlines and QGIS to process coastline data and change of the island areas. The results of this study indicate that the average reduction in the area of small islands in Indonesia reaches 5.084% for approximately 20 years. Overall, the change in the area shows that most of the small outermost islands in Indonesia have Medium vulnerability
The Distribution of Temperature on Aerobic Composting of Food Waste: Experimental studies and CFD analysis.
Authors: Warmadewanthi IDAA , Krisnaputra A.B. , Saptarini D , Andiya A. M. , Mahubessy R.C. , Humaidi F.
Published: October 2022

Food waste generation has a significant impact on the economy, society, and environment. Indonesia as the second-largest contributor of food waste, face this problem. Food waste generation increased for 20 years and contributed to more than 40% of solid waste in Indonesia. The government has a strategy to reduce the generation and disposal of food waste in landfills. One of the methods used is by recycling used composting. The composting method that is usually used is aerobic composting. Several factors affected the process and the rate-limiting step in oxygen concentration. This paper aims to analyze the effect of oxygen on the temperature during composting. Temperature is one of the parameters that could be used to analyze the process and determine the maturity of compost.

The research in this paper utilized CFD modeling to describe the dynamic changes and spatial distribution of temperature in the aerobic composting process using mass-heat-momentum coupling based on microbial mechanisms. The equations used are based on several previous research and journals. Composting experiments were carried out with the aeration method at intervals to verify the proposed model. The microorganisms’ growth affects oxygen concentration which then affects the temperature distribution of the composting process. The simulation results show that the model accurately predicts the dynamic temperature changes and their distribution on the composting substrate. The proposed CFD model shows promising results and simulates the actual working conditions of the aerobic composting process.