bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Imperfect Angels”: Narrative "Emplotment" in the Medical Management of Children with Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Kohn Abigail A.
Published: November 2004

This article uses the paradigm of "therapeutic emplotment" to investigate the medical management of children with facial disfigurements at a craniofacial anomalies center in Northern California. Data are observations of, and semistructured interviews with, plastic surgeons, nurses, geneticists, orthodontists, and other medical professionals who composed the craniofacial anomalies team. Team members perceived that children feel socially stigmatized by their disfigurements. These medical professionals adjusted their own behavior according to these perceptions. They "emplotted" their actions, using the theme that disfigured children are attractive and worthy of attention and affection. Medical professionals attempted to depersonalize and neutralize the symbolically loaded disfigurements through the use of clinical language in an attempt to "separate" the child from his or her facial anomaly. The range of styles and approaches to interaction was diverse and varied in effectiveness, suggesting that some medical professionals were more skilled at emplotment than others, [narrative, therapeutic emplotment, stigma, facial disfigurements, plastic surgery]
Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power and Technological Innovation
Authors: Georges Eugenia
Published: November 2004

Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power and Technological Innovation. Sarah Franklin and Helena Ragoné. eds. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. vi +245 pp.
Fetal Subjects, Feminist Positions
Authors: Mitchell Lisa M.
Published: November 2004

Fetal Subjects, Feminist Positions. Lynn M. Morgan and Meredith W. Michaels. eds. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. vi +345 pp.
An Analytical Framework for Contrasting Patient and Provider Views of the Process of Chronic Disease Management
Authors: Hunt Linda M. , Arar Nedal H.
Published: November 2004

Medical anthropologists involved in clinical research are often asked to help explain patients' "noncompliance" with treatment recommendations. The clinical literature on "noncompliance " tends to problematize only the patient's perspective, treating the provider's perspective as an uncontroversial point of departure. Explicating the articulation between provider and patient assumptions, expectations, and perceptions in managing chronic illness is an area well suited to the unique perspective of medical anthropologists. In this article we present an analytical framework for contrasting patient and provider goals, strategies, and evaluation criteria in chronic illness management, using examples from research on type 2 diabetes care in South Texas. This approach goes beyond contrasting patient and provider concepts and explanations of the illness itself and examines their contrasting views within the dynamic process of long‐term care. This approach may prove especially useful for research aimed at a clinical audience, since it maintains a clinically relevant focus while giving serious consideration to the patient's perspective, [treatment adherence, self‐care behaviors, type 2 diabetes, Mexican American, doctorpatient interaction]
Backing into the Future
Authors: Leslie Charles
Published: November 2004

The professionalization of anthropology was grounded in a naturalistic tradition of field research. The empirical particularism of fieldwork wedded aesthetic and humanistic concerns with those of science in a discipline that assumed a species‐wide and long‐time perspective while focusing on the description and comparisons of local variations. Scientific progress has occurred in anthropology over the past century despite the distortions of colonialism, the Cold War, and other historical circumstances. Controversies about good and bad scientific work and about the humanistic character of anthropology have been an ongoing aspect of our discipline. The historical development of medical anthropology and important recent publications in this specialty illustrate the nature of the encompassing discipline and provide the ground on which 21st‐century scholars will carry the science forward, [anthropological tradition, scientific progress, humanistic science]
The Power of Words: Healing Narratives among Lubavitcher Hasidim
Authors: Dein Simon
Published: November 2004

The debate concerning the relation between magic and religion has a long history. Instead of separating religion and magic as separate domains, recent work on ritual examines how symbolic and pragmatic acts interrelate. After discussing current theories of religious healing and, specifically, the power of words in healing, this article examines how a group of Lubavitcher Hasidic Jews deals with sickness and the relation between the group's use ofbiomedicine and religious healing. According to the group's mystical text, Tanya, there is an intrinsic link between the physical and the spiritual and between religious words and the body. At times of sickness Lubavitchers communicate with the Rebbe, who instructs them to examine their religious texts. The manipulation of religious words mediated by the Rebbe results in bodily healing. The data confirm the Malinowskian hypothesis that symbolic measures come into play when pragmatic actions fail. Can Lubavitchers be characterized as holding a well‐defined model of the healing process? [Lubavitch, Tanya, text, healing]
Comparison of the Menopause and Midlife Transition between Japanese American and European American Women
Authors: Kagawa‐Singer Marjorie , Wu Katherine , Kawanishi Yuko , Greendale Gail A. , Kim Sue , Adler Shelley R. , Wongvipat Nancy
Published: November 2004

Cross‐cultural differences in the meaning and experience of the universal biologic phenomenon of the menopause have been well documented. Very few studies, however, have focused on the response to the midlife transition among ethnic minority women in the United States, and even fewer exist about Asian American women. This exploratory study compared the perceptions and experiences of the midlife transition among Japanese American and European American women. The midlife transition was viewed as a time of self‐assurance, maturity, and taking comfort and satisfaction in oneself. Biologically, it was a marker of mortality. Similar to menses, marriage, and motherhood, menopause was viewed as the final identity transformation, but interpreted quite differently by the two ethnic groups. The findings of this study support the cross‐cultural theories that emphasize the interaction of biology, society, age, gender, and acculturation in this universal female experience and suggest additional expansion of these theories to incorporate lifestyle choices that may affect the actual health consequences of female aging. [menopause, midlife transition, Japanese American women, ethnicity]
Three Days for Weeping: Dreams, Emotions, and Death in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Shepard Glenn H.
Published: November 2004

Funeral customs and beliefs about the dead among the Matsigenka of Peru reflect great anxiety over the contagion of death and the power of the dead over the living. In this article, these beliefs and practices are interpreted in light of a native theory about emotion. For the Matsigenka, excessive displays of emotion, especially grief, anger, and aggressive sexuality, cause a vicious cycle of unhappiness, social disruption, illness, and death. Moving beyond a culturally particular, symbolic–interpretive perspective, the author also draws on personal experiences both in the field and at home to reflect on the phenomenology of grief across cultures. Amazonia, emotions, funerary practices, ethnomedicine, sensory anthropology, materia medica]
Integrating Behavioral and Social Sciences with Public Health
Authors: Erickson Pamela I.
Published: November 2004

Integrating Behavioral and Social Sciences with Public Health. Neil Schneiderman. Marjorie A. Speers. Julia M. Silva. Henry Tome. and Jacquelyn H. Gentry. eds. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001. xvi. 405 pp.
Trauma und Ressourcen/Trauma and Empowerment
Authors: Holton M. Jan
Published: November 2004

Trauma und Ressourcen/Trauma and Empowerment. Marine Verwey. ed. Berlin: Society of Ethnomedicine, Curare/Sonderband, 2001.358pp.
Homo Sapiens 1900
Authors: Marks Jonathan
Published: November 2004

Homo Sapiens 1900,a film by Peter Cohen. First Run/Icarus Films, 1999.88 minutes.
"She Drank His Money": Survival Sex and the Problem of Violence in Taverns in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Wojcicki Janet Maia
Published: November 2004

This article examines the practice of "survival sex" in the taverns of Soweto and Hammanskraal area, South Africa. Women who engage in survival sex do not self‐identify as commercial sex workers, and the community does not identify them as such. Those who structure HTVprevention programs should not confound such women with commercial sex workers, because effective intervention may vary between the two groups. Violence against women who engage in survival sex in taverns is common, as it is argued that, when a woman accepts beer from a man, she is obliged to exchange sex (because she has "drunk his money "). The South African government should prioritize the reduction of violence as a way to reduce HIV transmission, as, in the context of violence, women do not have the option of negotiating safer sex. [violence, rape, HIV/AIDS, women, South Africa, survival sex]
Pain as a Counterpoint to Culture: Toward an Analysis of Pain Associated with Infibulation among Somali Immigrants in Norway
Authors: Johansen R. Elise B.
Published: November 2004

This article focuses on how some Somali women experience and reflect on the pain of infibulation as a lived bodily experience within shifting social and cultural frameworks. Women interviewed for this study describe such pain as intolerable, as an experience that has made them question the cultural values in which the operation is embedded. Whereas this view has gone largely unvoiced in their natal communities, the Norwegian exile situation in which the present study's informants live has brought about dramatic changes. In Norway, where female circumcision is both condemned and illegal, most of the women have come to reconsider the practice – not merely as a theoretical topic or as a "cultural tradition " to be maintained or abolished but, rather, as part of their embodied and lived experience, [female circumcision, infibulation, pain, exile, Somali immigrants]
Saints, Scholars and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness in Rural Ireland. Anniversary edition, revised and expanded
Authors: Hopper Kim
Published: November 2004

Saints, Scholars and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness in Rural Ireland. Anniversary edition, revised and expanded. Nancy Scheper‐Hughes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 359 pp.
Contraception across Cultures: Technologies, Choices, Constraints
Authors: Valentine Paul
Published: November 2004

Contraception across Cultures: Technologies, Choices, Constraints. Andrew Russell. Elisa J. Sobo. and Mary S. Thompson. eds. New York: Berg, 2000. xiii. 252 pp.
Studying Those Who Study Us: An Anthropologist in the World of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jacobson David
Published: November 2004

Studying Those Who Study Us: An Anthropologist in the World of Artificial Intelligence. Diana E. Forsythe. Edited, with introduction by David Hess. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. xxix. 240 pp.
Fertility and Social Interaction: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Valentine Paul
Published: November 2004

Fertility and Social Interaction: An Economic Perspective. Hans‐Peter Kohler. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. xviii. 211pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Conklin Beth A.
Published: November 2004

The Social Fabric of Health: An Introduction to Medical Anthropology. John M. Janzen. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 2002. xiv. 313 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Loewe Ronald
Published: November 2004

Migration, Mujercitas and Medicine Men: Living in Urban Mexico. Valentina Napolitano. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xvi. 240 pp.
Authoritative Knowledge and Single Women's Unintentional Pregnancies, Abortions, Adoption, and Single Motherhood: Social Stigma and Structural Violence
Authors: Ellison Marcia A.
Published: November 2004

This article explores the sources of authoritative knowledge that shaped single, white, middle‐class women's unintentional pregnancies and childbearing decisions throughout five reproductive eras. Women who terminated a pregnancy were most influenced by their own personal needs and circumstances, birth mothers' decisions were based on external sources of knowledge, such as their mothers, social workers, and social pressures. In contrast, single mothers based their decision on instincts and their religious or moral beliefs. Reproductive policies further constrained and significantly shaped women's experiences. The social stigma associated with these forms of stratified maternity suggests that categorizing pregnant women by their marital status, or births as out‐of‐wedlock, reproduces the structural violence implicit to normative models of female sexuality and maternity. This mixed‐method study included focus groups to determine the kinds of knowledge women considered authoritative, a mailed survey to quantify these identified sources, and one‐on‐one interviews to explore outcomes in depth, [authoritative knowledge, social stigma, abortion, birth mothers, single mothers, unintentional pregnancies]
Syndemics and Public Health: Reconceptualizing Disease in Bio‐Social Context
Authors: Singer Merill , Clair Scott
Published: November 2004

The world of public health has undergone dramatic changes since the emergence of AIDS in the early 1980s. The appearance and global spread in recent years of wave after wave of new and renewed infectious diseases and their entwinement with each other and with the social conditions and biopsychological consequences of disparity, discrimination, and structural violence has produced a new significant threat to public health internationally. The term syndemic has been introduced recently by medical anthropologists to label the synergistic interaction of two or more coexistent diseases and resultant excess burden of disease. This article provides the fullest examination of this new concept to date, including a review of relevant new literature and recent research finds concerning coinfection and synergistic interaction of diseases and social conditions at the biological and population levels, [syndemic, public health, coinfection, structural violence, medical anthropology]
Meaning, Medicine, and the “Placebo Effect”
Authors: Napier A. David
Published: November 2004

Meaning, Medicine, and the “Placebo Effect” Daniel Moerman Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. xiii. 172 pp.
Fluent Bodies: Ayurvedic Remedies for Postcolortial Imbalance
Authors: Halliburton Murphy
Published: November 2004

Fluent Bodies: Ayurvedic Remedies for Postcolortial Imbalance. Jean M. Langford. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. ix. 311pp.
Birth by Design: Pregnancy, Maternity Care, and Midwifery in North America and Europe
Authors: Bogdan‐Lovis Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2004

Birth by Design: Pregnancy, Maternity Care, and Midwifery in North America and Europe. Raymond DeVries. Cecilia Benoit. Edwin R. Van Teijlingen. and Sirpa Wrede. eds. New York: Routledge, 2001. xviii. 301 pp.
A Comparison of Community and Physician Explanatory Models of AIDS in Mexico and the United States
Authors: Baer Roberta D. , Weller Susan C. , Garcia Javier Garcia de Alba , Rocha Ana L. Salcedo
Published: November 2004

The goal of this research was to explore differences between lay and professional explanatory models both within and between two countries. We test which effect is stronger, country of residence or professional/lay status, in determining similarities and differences of explanatory models of AIDS. Interviews conducted in Guadalajara, Jalisco (Mexico) and the Edinburg‐McAllen area of south Texas (United States) elicited explanatory models of AIDS. Two pairs of samples were interviewed: a physician and community sample in Mexico and a physician and community sample in the United States. Comparisons of the explanatory models indicated that there was a shared core model of AIDS across all four samples, but that physicians' models were more similar to those of lay people in their own communities than either was to samples across the border. [AIDS, cross‐cultural studies, cultural consensus model, United States, Mexico]
Free Markets and Dead Mothers: The Social Ecology of Maternal Mortality in Post‐Socialist Mongolia
Authors: JANES CRAIG R.
Published: November 2004

Beginning in 1990, Mongolia, a former client state of what was then the Soviet Union, undertook liberal economic reforms. These came as a great shock to Mongolia and Mongolians, and resulted in food shortages, reports of famine, widespread unemployment, and a collapse of public health and health care. Although economic conditions have stabilized in recent years, unemployment and poverty are still at disturbingly high levels. One important consequence of the transition has been the transformation of the rural, primarily pastoral, economy. With de‐collectivization, herding households have been thrown into a highly insecure subsistence mode of production, and, as a consequence, have become vulnerable to local fluctuations in rainfall and availability and quality of forage, and many now lack access to traded staples and essential commodities. Household food insecurity, malnutrition, and migration of impoverished households to provincial centers and the capital of Ulaanbaatar are one result. Reductions to investments in the health sector have also eroded the quality of services in rural areas, and restricted access to those services still functioning. Evidence suggests that women are particularly vulnerable to these political‐ecological changes, and that this vulnerability is manifested in increasing rates of poor reproductive health and maternal mortality. Drawing on case‐study ethnographic and epidemiological data, this article explores the links between neoliberal economic reform and maternal mortality in Mongolia. [Mongolia, maternal mortality, neoliberal reform, post‐socialist societies, political ecology of pastoralism]
In Visible Bodies: Minority Women, Nurses, Time, and the New Economy of Care
Authors: SPITZER DENISE L.
Published: November 2004

Health care reform in Canadian hospitals has resulted in increased workloads and bureaucratization of patient care contributing to the development of a new economy of care. Interviews with nurses and visible (non‐white) minority women who have given birth in institutions undergoing health care reform revealed that nurses felt compelled to avoid interactions with patients deemed too costly in terms of time. Overwhelmingly, these patients were members of culturally marginalized populations whose bodies were read by nurses as potentially problematic and time consuming. As their calls for assistance go unanswered, visible minority women complained of feeling invisible. Taken in context of historical and contemporary interethnic relations, these women regarded such avoidance patterns as evidence of racism. Obstetrical nurses, too, understood that the new economy of care wrought by health care restructuring has altered nursing practice and patient care to the detriment of minority women.
Primitive Art in Civilized Places
Authors: Alland Alexander
Published: November 2004

Primitive Art in Civilized Places. Sally Price. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989/1991. 145 pp., b/w illustrations, bibliography. $19.95 (cloth), $10.95 (paper).
Reading National Geographic
Authors: Dominguez Virginia R.
Published: November 2004

Reading National Geographic. Catherine A. Lutz and Jane L. Collins. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. xvii. 309 pp. 40 halftones, appendices, bibliography, index. $59.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper).
The Flag in American Indian Art
Authors: Loeb Barbara
Published: November 2004

The Flag in American Indian Art. Toby Herbst and Joel Kopp. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993.120 pp. 120 color illustrations, map, bibliography. $40.00 (cloth); $24.95 (paper).
Wrapping in Images: Tattooing in Polynesia
Authors: Stevenson Karen
Published: November 2004

Wrapping in Images: Tattooing in Polynesia. Alfred Gell. Oxford Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. xi. 347pp. 35 b/w illustrations, bibliography, index. $49.95 (cloth).
Reconciling the Past
Authors: Katz Adria H.
Published: November 2004

Reconciling the Past: Two Basketry Ka'ai and the Legendary Liloa and Lonoikamakahiki. Roger G. Rose. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1992. ix. 56pp. 16 illustrations, appendix, bibliography.
"When the Bones are Left": A Study of the Material Culture of Central Sulawesi.
Authors: Aragon Lorraine V.
Published: November 2004

"When the Bones are Left":. Study of the Material Culture of Central Sulawesi. Eija‐Maija Kotilainen. Transactions of The Finnish Anthropological Society No. 31. Helsinki: The Finnish Anthropological Society, 1992. 297 pp. maps, 114 halftones, appendix, bibliography, index.
The Tomb Builders of the Pharaohs
Authors: Podzorski Patricia
Published: November 2004

The Tomb Builders of the Pharaohs. Morris Bierbrier. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1992. Second edition. 160 pp., 100 b/w illustrations, chronology, bibliography, photo sources, index. $15.00 (paper).
Spirits In Steel: The Art of the Kalabari Masquerade
Authors: Staking Kimberlee
Published: November 2004

Spirits In Steel: The Art of the Kalabari Masquerade. American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY. April 25,1998‐January 31, 1999.
The Nature of Politics
Authors: Foulkes Roland A.
Published: November 2004

Roger D. Masters. The Nature of Politics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
Legitimate Acts and Illegal Encounters: Law and Society in Antigua and Barbuda
Authors: Darian‐Smith Eve
Published: November 2004

Mindie Lazarus‐Black. Legitimate Acts and Illegal Encounters: Law and Society in Antigua and Barbuda. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
Indigenous Legal Issues; In the Wake of Terra Nullius
Authors: De Nike Howard J.
Published: November 2004

Indigenous Legal Issues by Heather McRae. Garth Nettheim and Laura Beacroft, Commentary and Materials. Sydney: The Law Book Company, 1997. 540 pages.

In the Wake of Terra Nullius by Colin Perrin. ed. Volume 4, Law · Text · Culture. St Leonards, New South Wales: Prospect Media Pty Ltd, 1998. 351 pages.
Pronouncing and Persevering: Gender and the Discourses of Disputing in an African Islamic Court
Authors: Kuipers Joel
Published: November 2004

Pronouncing and Persevering: Gender and the Discourses of Disputing in an African Islamic Court Susan F. Hirsch (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998).
From Beijing to Port Moresby: The Politics of National Identity in Cultural Policies
Authors: Boellstroff Tom
Published: November 2004

From Beijing to Port Moresby: The Politics of National Identity in Cultural Policies Virginia R. Dominguez and David Y. H. Wu, eds. (Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1998)
The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society
Authors: Lynch Mona
Published: November 2004

The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. David Garland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
Modernism and the Grounds of Law
Authors: Anghie Antony
Published: November 2004

Modernism and the Grounds of Law Peter Fitzpatrick (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001)
Post–Bourgeois Tattoo: Reflections on Skin Writing in Late Capitalist Societies
Authors: Blanchard Marc
Published: November 2004

This paper does three things. It describes the nature of tattooing from a historical and cross‐cultural perspective. It argues that in the West tattooing has moved from the margins of society to the core of the middle class and it examines some of the politics and the economics of tattooing. Finally, the paper links the socio–cultural and economic aspects of tattooing with its symbolic and communicative functions. Throughout the paper, the question is raised of the relevance of a tattooing practice and aesthetic to the postmodern or postbourgeois anthropological and humanistic perspective.
The Land Where the Blues Began
Authors: Brigard Emilie de
Published: November 2004

The Land Where the Blues Began. Alan Lomax. New York: Pantheon. 1993. xv. 540 pp. $24.95
Tempus De Baristas (Time of The Barmen): A Bildungsfilm
Authors: Marazzi Antonio
Published: November 2004

Tempus de baristas (English version: Time of the Barmen) by David MacDougall. Produced by Istituto Superiore Regionale Sardo in collaboration with BBC, 100 min.
Theorizing Documentary
Authors: Aufderheide Pat
Published: November 2004

Theorizing Documentary, Michael Renov. ed. New York: Routledge, 1993, 261 pp. Illus., index.
Tribals of India: Through the Lens of Sunil Janah
Authors: Jhala Jayasinhji
Published: November 2004

Tribals of India: Through the Lens of Sunil Janah. Sunil Janah Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993,144pp.
Inagina ‐ The Last House of Iron 1997
Authors: Frota Monica
Published: November 2004

Inagina. The Last House of Iron 1997. film by Eric Huysecom.Bernard Agustoni. Armen Godel. and Bruno Saparelli. 52 minutes, color, English and French versions available. Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02472‐2554.
The Repackaging of 1970s British Photography
Authors: Marshall Peter
Published: November 2004

The Camerawork Essays: Context and Meaning in Photography, Jessica Evans (editor). London: Rivers Oram Press, 1997.
Navajo and Photography: A Critical History of the Representation of an American People.
Authors: Scherer Joanna Cohan
Published: November 2004

Navajo and Photography:. Critical History of the Representation of an American People. James C. Faris. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996
Picturing Culture: Explorations of Film & Ethnography
Authors: Ewart Elizabeth
Published: November 2004

Picturing Culture: Explorations of Film & Ethnography. Jay Ruby. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 2000
Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance
Authors: Rugh Andrea B.
Published: November 2004

Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance. Fadwa El Guindi. Berg: Oxford, New York. 1999.
Raw Histories: Photographs, Anthropology and Museums
Authors: Buckley Liam
Published: November 2004

Raw Histories: Photographs, Anthropology and Museums. Elizabeth Edwards Oxford, New York: Berg. 2001.
Beyond Aesthetics: Art and the Technologies of Enchantment
Authors: Gable Eric
Published: November 2004

Beyond Aesthetics: Art and the Technologies of Enchantment. Christopher Pinney and Nicholas Thomas (eds.). Berg: Oxford and New York. 2001.
The Child the Stork Brought Home
Authors: Ragoné Hélena
Published: November 2004

The Child the Stork Brought Home. Directed by Gillian Goslinga. 2000.59 minutes, color.Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources, (800) 569‐6621, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02472, http://www.der.org.
Ruins: A Fake Documentary
Authors: Kahn Hilary Elise
Published: November 2004

Ruins:. Fake Documentary. Directed by Jesse Lerner. 1999.78 minutes, black and white, subtitled in Spanish and English. Distributed by Jesse Lerner, P.O. Box 24B53, Los Angeles CA 90024‐1153. Tel./Fax(213) 482‐3121.f
To the Land of Bliss
Authors: Lye Hun Y.
Published: November 2004

To the Land of Bliss. Directed by Wen‐jie Qin. 2001. 47 minutes. Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA. docued@der.org.
Clericuzio type poikiloderma with neutropenia is distinct from Rothmund–Thomson syndrome
Authors: Van Hove Johan L.K. , Jaeken Jaak , Proesmans Marijke , Boeck Kris De , Minner Kristin , Matthijs Gert , Verbeken Eric , Demunter Anouk , Boogaerts Marc
Published: November 2004

Two siblings from a consanguineous family presented with a poikiloderma of limbs and face, plantar keratoderma, and toenail pachyonychia. Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction with impairment of the respiratory burst and bacterial killing resulted in frequent respiratory tract infections. A bronchocentric granulomatous pneumonia was a fatal complication. The clinical presentation is consistent with Clericuzio type poikiloderma with neutropenia. Literature review identified several additional probable patients. Genetic linkage analysis excluded the locus of the RECQL4 gene, mutations in which have been described in some patients with the Rothmund–Thomson poikiloderma syndrome. This report confirms the clinical and genetic identity of the Clericuzio type of poikiloderma with neutropenia syndrome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel exonic μ‐opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphisms not associated with opioid dependence
Authors: Smith Rachel J. , Doyle Glenn A. , Han Angela M. , Crowley James J. , Oslin David W. , Patkar Ashwin A. , Mannelli Paolo , DeMaria Peter A. , O'Brien Charles P. , Berrettini Wade H.
Published: November 2004

The μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) mediates reward and dependence associated with opioids and other commonly abused substances. Variability in the MOR gene, OPRM1, may influence risk for opioid dependence. In this study, associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), dbSNP rs540825 and dbSNP rs562859, and opioid dependence were investigated. The two SNPs are located in the protein coding region of the novel exon X of an alternative splice variant of OPRM1, and can be detected using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) methods. Genotyping at the two SNPs was performed for 170 severe opioid dependent individuals and 128 carefully screened controls. Although no differences were found between cases and controls, there were significant prevalence differences between African‐American (AA) subjects and European‐American (EA) subjects for SNP 540825 allele and genotype frequencies. The 540825 and 562859 polymorphisms were found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) for both ethnic groups, and LD existed between the 562859 SNP and the A−1320G SNP in the promoter region of OPRM1 in AAs, based on genotyping data previously carried out on the same subjects. LD between these two markers, separated by 55 kb, links the entire distance studied in this project. The results indicate that polymorphisms in the novel splice variant are not associated with opioid dependence, but are in LD with other polymorphisms in OPRM1. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joint multi‐population analysis for genetic linkage of bipolar disorder or “wellness” to chromosome 4p
Authors: Visscher P.M. , Haley C.S. , Ewald H. , Mors O. , Egeland J. , Thiel B. , Ginns E. , Muir W. , Blackwood D.H.
Published: November 2004

To test the hypothesis that the same genetic loci confer susceptibility to, or protection from, disease in different populations, and that a combined analysis would improve the map resolution of a common susceptibility locus, we analyzed data from three studies that had reported linkage to bipolar disorder in a small region on chromosome 4p. Data sets comprised phenotypic information and genetic marker data on Scottish, Danish, and USA extended pedigrees. Across the three data sets, 913 individuals appeared in the pedigrees, 462 were classified, either as unaffected (323) or affected (139) with unipolar or bipolar disorder. A consensus linkage map was created from 14 microsatellite markers in a 33 cM region. Phenotypic and genetic data were analyzed using a variance component (VC) and allele sharing method. All previously reported elevated test statistics in the region were confirmed with one or both analysis methods, indicating the presence of one or more susceptibility genes to bipolar disorder in the three populations in the studied chromosome segment. When the results from both the VC and allele sharing method were considered, there was strong evidence for a susceptibility locus in the data from Scotland, some evidence in the data from Denmark and relatively less evidence in the data from the USA. The test statistics from the Scottish data set dominated the test statistics from the other studies, and no improved map resolution for a putative genetic locus underlying susceptibility in all three studies was obtained. Studies reporting linkage to the same region require careful scrutiny and preferably joint or meta analysis on the same basis in order to ensure that the results are truly comparable. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a polyurethane/clay nanocomposite used as coating: Interactions between the counterions of clay and the isocyanate and incidence on the nanocomposite structure
Authors: Solarski S. , Benali S. , Rochery M. , Devaux E. , Alexandre M. , Monteverde F. , Dubois P.
Published: November 2004

The use of nanocomposites in textile applications, and in particular of polyurethane (PU) coatings reinforced by various additives [clay and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)], has grown in recent years. Some interesting results have been obtained, especially with Cloisite 30B (a montmorillonite organo‐modified by an alkyl ammonium cation bearing two primary hydroxyl functions): the thermal behavior and the reaction to fire were improved, but the structure (microcomposite, exfoliated, intercalated) was not really determined. This study focuses on polyurethane coatings reinforced with Cloisite 30B. The interactions between the diisocyanate and the counterions of Cloisite 30B and the structure obtained were demonstrated and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 238–244, 2005
The effects of chemical structure and synthesis method on photodegradation of polypropylene
Authors: Tang Longxiang , Wu Qianghua , Qu Baojun
Published: November 2004

The effects of chemical structure and synthesis method on the photodegradation behavior of polypropylene (PP) were investigated in injection‐molded samples exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) at 60°C. For this purpose, three PP samples with different chemical structures were chosen: two homopolymerized PP samples (H1P, synthesized by bulk polymerization; whereas H2P was synthesized by Ziegler–Natta catalyst) and copolymerized PP sample (CP). The photodegradation was characterized by melt flow rate and mechanical properties and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that CP possesses the most superior resistance to UV‐irradiation, followed by H2P and then H1P, which indicates that copolymerization with a small amount of ethylene monomer is an effective approach to obtain high stability of PP to UV‐irradiation, and synthesis methods of PP play an important role in the resistance to UV‐irradiation. Moreover, the effect of photodegradation on the thermal behaviors of H2P was also investigated using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamical mechanical thermal analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 270–279, 2005
Polypropylene degradation control during reactive extrusion
Authors: Pong Sheng‐Hong , Lu Chuan‐Pin , Wang Ming‐Chih , Chiu Shih‐Hsuan
Published: November 2004

In this work, a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control scheme with two different tuning methods to control the degree of degradation of polypropylene (PP) during reactive extrusion is proposed. The concentration of dicumyl peroxide is taken as the manipulated variable. The molten viscosity of PP under processing is taken as the controlled variable. The degree of degradation is determined by a viscosity function derived by an off‐line identification. A first‐order‐plus‐time‐delay empirical model is identified to simulate the system plant. Both Ziegler–Nichols tuned PID and internal model control (IMC)‐based PID controllers are implemented on the system. Better performances in settling time and precision can be achieved using the IMC‐based PID controller. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 280–289, 2005
Synthesis and properties of fluorinated polyamideimides with high solubility
Authors: Tsay Sun‐Yuan , Tsai Meng‐Feng , Chen Bor‐Kuan
Published: November 2004

A series of fluorinated polyamideimides (PAIs) were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of a novel diimide‐diacid, 1,4‐bis(trimellitimido‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy) benzene (BTTFB), with aromatic diamines by using triphenyl phosphite (TPP) and pyridine as condensation agents in a medium consisting of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and CaCl2. Most of the resulting polymers showed an amorphous nature. All the fluorinated PAIs were readily soluble in a variety of organic solvents such as NMP, N,N‐dimethyl acetamide, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide and could even be dissolved in less polar solvents such as THF and m‐cresol. The PAIs had inherent viscosities of 0.77–0.93 dL/g, depending on the diamines. All the soluble PAIs afforded transparent, flexible, and tough films that exhibited excellent thermal stability, good mechanical properties, and low moisture absorption. The glass transition temperatures of these PAIs ranged from 244 to 272°C and the 5% weight loss temperatures were >525°C in nitrogen. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 321–327, 2005
Photooxidation of Pterin in Aqueous Solutions: Biological and Biomedical Implications
Authors: Cabrerizo Franco M. , Dántola María L. , Thomas Andrés H. , Lorente Carolina , Braun André M. , Oliveros Esther , Capparelli Alberto L.
Published: November 2004

Studies of the photochemical reactivity of pterin (=2‐aminopteridin‐4(3H)‐one; PT) in acidic (pH 5.0–6.0) and alkaline (pH 10.2–10.8) aqueous solutions have been performed. The photochemical reactions were followed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and an enzymatic method for H2O2 determination. PT is not light‐sensitive in the absence of molecular oxygen, but it undergoes photooxidation in the presence of O2, yielding several nonpteridinic products. The quantum yields for PT disappearance were found to be 8.2 (±0.6)×10−4 and 1.2 (±0.2)×10−3 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. H2O2 was detected and quantified in irradiated solutions of PT; and its importance from a biomedical point of view is discussed. The rate constant of the chemical reaction between singlet oxygen (1O2) and PT was determined to be 2.5 (±0.2)×105 l mol−1 s−1 in alkaline medium, and the role of 1O2 in the photooxidation of pterin was evaluated.
No Title
Authors: Votano Joseph R. , Parham Marc , Hall Lowell H. , Kier Lemont B. , Hall L. Mark
Published: November 2004

Several QSPR models were developed for predicting intrinsic aqueous solubility, So. A data set of 5,964 neutral compounds was sub‐divided into two classes, aromatic and non‐aromatic compounds. Three models were created with different methods on both data sets: two regression models (multiple linear regression and partial least squares) and an artificial neural network model. These models were based on 3343 aromatic and 1674 non‐aromatic compounds for training sets; 938 compounds were used in external validation testing. The range in −log So is −1.6 to 10. Topological structure descriptors were used with all models. A genetic algorithm was used for descriptor selection for regression models. For the artificial neural network (ANN) model, descriptor selection was done with a backward elimination process. All models performed well with r2 values ranging 0.72 to 0.84 in external validation testing. The mean absolute errors in validation ranged from 0.44 to 0.80 for the classes of compounds for all the models. These statistical results indicate a sound ANN model. Furthermore, in a comparison with eight other available models, based on predictions using a validation test set (442 compounds), the artificial neural network model presented in this work (CSLogWS) was clearly superior based on both the mean absolute error and the percentage of residuals less than one log unit. In the ANN model both E‐State and hydrogen E‐State descriptors were found to be important.
Balloon crush: Treatment of bifurcation lesions using the crush stenting technique as adapted for transradial approach of percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lim Pitt O. , Džavík Vladimír
Published: November 2004

The recent advent of drug‐eluting stents has allowed the crush stenting technique to be adopted, thus simplifying the treatment of bifurcation coronary artery lesions. However, this can only be achieved in 7 Fr or greater guiding catheters, hence precluding most transradial percutaneous coronary interventions that are usually undertaken using 6 Fr or less guiding catheters. We assessed the feasibility of balloon stent crush as a stepwise procedure in achieving bifurcation crush stenting in 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary interventions. Since it is not possible to place two stents through a 6 Fr guiding catheter, we have adapted the crush stenting technique by initially placing a stent in the side branch and a balloon in the main vessel. The side branch stent is then deployed against the main vessel balloon that is later inflated, crushing the side branch stent within the main vessel. The main vessel is then stented and the side branch recrossed for kissing inflations. Seven patients (five males; age range, 47–78 years) with bifurcation lesions were treated using the above‐described technique without major complications. Balloon crush of the side branch stent were successfully achieved in all cases without balloon trapping. In six cases where side branch recrossing was attempted, all were successful and kissing balloon inflations were undertaken in five cases. We have demonstrated that the modified crush stenting technique is feasible and can be safely adapted for use in a 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary intervention approach. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:412–416. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of suture‐mediated vascular closure devices for the management of femoral vein access after transcatheter procedures
Authors: Shaw James A. , Dewire Elizabeth , Nugent Alan , Eisenhauer Andrew C.
Published: November 2004

Groin complications remain the most common complication of cardiac catheterization procedures. While the use of closure devices is increasing for arterial sheaths, venous sheaths tend to be removed and hemostasis achieved with manual compression. We report our experience using Perclose suture‐mediated vascular closure device to achieve hemostasis and early mobility in patients who have had venous access as part of their procedure. There were a total of 42 patients (21 males; average age, 63.5 years) studied. The majority of the patients had 7 Fr sheaths (24), with access sites of sheaths up to 14 Fr being closed with this technique. Two patients developed complications at the access site: one patient requiring rehospitalization for intravenous antibiotics because of late access site infection, and one patient with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. We conclude that the use of the Perclose suture‐mediated closure device for closure of femoral venous access sites is feasible and should be considered especially in patients with larger venous sheaths and those at increased risk of groin complications. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:439–443. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erosion of Amplatzer septal occluder device after closure of secundum atrial septal defects: Review of registry of complications and recommendations to minimize future risk
Authors: Amin Zahid , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Bass John L. , Cheatham John P. , Hellenbrand William E. , Kleinman Charles S.
Published: November 2004

The objectives of this study were to identify possible risk factors that may lead to erosion of the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) and recommend ways to minimize future risk. There have been rare occurrences of adverse events with development of pericardial effusion after ASO placement. Identification of high‐risk cases, early recognition, and prompt intervention may minimize the future risks of adverse events. In all patients who developed hemodynamic compromise after ASO placement, echocardiograms (pre‐, intra‐, and postprocedure), atrial septal defect (ASD) size (nonstretched, stretched), size of the device used, cineangiograms, and operative records were reviewed by a panel selected by AGA Medical Corporation. The findings were compared to the premarket approval data obtained from FDA‐approved clinical trials that were conducted in the United States, before the device was approved. A total of 28 cases (14 in United States) of adverse events were reported to AGA Medical. All erosions occurred at the dome of the atria, near the aortic root. Deficient aortic rim was seen in 89% and the defect described as high ASD, suggesting deficient superior rim. The device to unstretched ASD ratio was significantly larger in the adverse event group when compared to the FDA trial group. The incidence of device erosion in the United States was 0.1%. The risk of device erosion with ASO is low and complications can be decreased by identifying high‐risk patients and following them closely. Patients with deficient aortic rim and/or superior rim may be at higher risk for device erosion. Oversized ASO may increase the risk of erosion. The defect should not be overstretched during balloon sizing. Patients with small pericardial effusion at 24 hr should have closer follow‐up.Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:496–502. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid stenting for symptomatic radiation‐induced arteritis complicated by recurrent aneurysm formation
Authors: Bates Mark C. , Almehmi Ammar
Published: November 2004

We describe a 56‐year‐old male who underwent successful carotid stenting (CS) with adjuvant distal protection in response to symptomatic radiation‐induced carotid disease. During the CS procedure, it was incidentally noted that the lesion yield pressure was surprisingly low (2 atm). The patient returned with local symptoms from common carotid aneurysmal dilation at the proximal edge of the stent that was successfully treated with a stent graft. A second aneurysm developed proximal to the stent graft and, based on intravascular ultrasound mapping, he ultimately underwent venous bypass covered by a free‐muscle graft. We believe the low lesion yield pressure in this case reflected loss of vessel integrity and it may be prudent to avoid oversizing the stent in such patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:507–511. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of conquest guidewire for retrieval of an entrapped rotablator burr
Authors: Hyogo Masayuki , Inoue Naoto , Nakamura Reo , Tokura Takaomi , Matsuo Akiko , Inoue Keiji , Tanaka Tetsuya , Fujita Hiroshi
Published: November 2004

We experienced an entrapped rotablator burr that could not be retrieved even by deep seating of the guiding catheter. We successfully retrieved the burr by balloon inflation after the tapered tip of a Conquest wire managed to penetrate the quite hard plaque and pass through the outer lumen of the burr. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:469–472. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.