bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share Berbantuan Software Wingeom terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa di SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta
Authors: Noviana Siska , El Hakim Lukman , Sari Puspita
Published: January 2022

Siska Noviana1, a), Lukman El Hakim2, b), Puspita Sari3, c)

123Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur

 

Email: a)siskanoviana17@gmail.com

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share berbantuan Software Wingeom terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa di SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode quasi experimental (eksperimen semu). Desain yang digunakan adalah The Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Two Stage Sampling yaitu teknik purposive sampling dan teknik cluster random sampling sehingga terpilih kelas VIII-5 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII-4 sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengujian hipotesis dengan  uji t’ memperoleh hasil tolak H0. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Cohen’s d dan memperoleh nilai d sebesar 0,6 tergolong dalam kriteria medium (sedang) dengan besar pengaruh 73%. Hal ini berarti bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share berbantuan Software Wingeom terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa di SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta pada materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar sebesar 73% pada taraf signifikansi α=0,05.

 

Kata kunci: model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share, software Wingeom, kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis.
Traumatic Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve Through the Distal Radioulnar Joint
Authors: Pientka William , Hoelscher Skyler , Bates Christopher , Pipkin William
Published: January 2022

Case:

A 27-year-old woman sustained a left open distal radius fracture with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Postoperatively after initial temporizing treatment, the patient reported numbness in an ulnar distribution and was noted to have intrinsic hand weakness. At the time of conversion to internal fixation, the ulnar nerve was found to be translocated through the DRUJ and was narrowed and felt to benefit from resection and grafting.

Conclusion:

The combination of ulnar nerve palsy and wide displacement of the distal radius with DRUJ dislocation should raise the possibility of translocation of the ulnar nerve through the DRUJ.
Stand-Alone Interbody Cage to Treat Cervical Facet Dislocation
Authors: Buontempo Michael G. , Imam Nareena , Koerner John
Published: January 2022

Case:

We present a 36-year-old man who sustained a traumatic C5-6 unilateral facet dislocation without neurological deficit. The patient was treated with anterior diskectomy and fusion using a stand-alone interbody cage.

Conclusion:

Current treatment of cervical facet dislocations (CFDs) in patients undergoing an anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion commonly makes use of plates with screw fixation and interbody grafts or cages to achieve spinal fusion after the diskectomy is performed. This report documents the successful treatment of a CFD with a stand-alone interbody cage.
Traducción automática y posedición: estudio demoscópico en el mercado de la traducción profesional
Authors: Vercher García Enrique J.
Published: January 2022

En el presente artículo exponemos el resultado de un estudio realizado en el mercado de la traducción para conocer el grado de conocimiento, aceptación y aplicación por parte de PST y de clientes finales de diferentes sectores.

El estudio demoscópico se ha realizado a través de sendas encuestas adaptadas a los tres públicos objetivos: agencias de traducción, traductores profesionales y clientes/usuarios de traducción profesional. En el caso de PST (agencias y traductores) se ha recabado información sobre su conocimiento y oferta de traducciones automáticas o posedición (traducción automática + proofreading), porcentaje de encargos realizados mediante este servicio, así como valoración sobre la traducción automática pura (no posedición) desde su punto de vista y desde el punto de vista de los clientes. En el caso de clientes/usuarios de traducciones profesionales se ha recabado información sobre su conocimiento y valoración de la traducción automática (traductores automáticos).

El universo de la encuesta abarca agencias de diferentes tamaños y diversos países de Europa y América; traductores profesionales nativos de más de una decena de lenguas (lengua meta de sus traducciones); y clientes/usuarios de traducciones profesionales de distintos tamaños y diversos países de Europa y América.

El artículo finaliza con una serie de conclusiones y valoraciones a partir de los datos obtenidos.
La traducción al español de las palabras funcionales en Romance de los Tres Reinos
Authors: Sun Wei , Kozlova Inna , Chang Fuliang
Published: January 2022

Las palabras funcionales no tienen concretos significados léxicos, pero tienen una importancia incuestionable en todas las lenguas y el chino clásico no es una excepción (Chen, 2006), porque son articuladores entre las palabras con significados llenos. La vaciedad en significado léxico de este tipo de vocablos obstaculiza la traducción, puesto que es difícil encontrar su equivalente en la lengua meta. El objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar cómo se traducen las palabras funcionales más frecuentes en Romance de los Tres Reinos. Con apoyo del corpus paralelo ad hoc y de los conocimientos de estadística, hemos seleccionado ejemplos representativos que contienen los vocablos en cuestión. Punto seguido, los hemos analizado partiendo de las teorías sobre palabras funcionales y de las bases conceptuales de Newmark- la traducción semántica y la traducción comunicativa. Como resultado, hemos elaborado un glosario que permite visualizar las palabras funcionales estudiadas y sus posibles traducciones, el cual podría ser interesante para estudiosos que quieran traducir al español obras clásicas de China.
Translation Policy: A Tool to Digitally Empower or to Digitally Disempower Migrant Communities?
Authors: Ruiz-Cortés Elena
Published: January 2022

Digitally mediated communication in the public sector has changed how citizens and authorities communicate. Within this digital context, it has been identified that language problems may be an underlying cause of social exclusion for migrant groups (see Khorshed and Imran, 2015, p. 347), which seems to indicate that the lack of language proficiency in the host country’s language may give rise to new forms of digital divides in migratory contexts. Bearing this in mind, here we contend that, for migrants with language barriers, access to key digital services within the public sector can happen through translation provision, which may be used as a tool to digitally empower them. Thus, based on this logic, in this paper the digital empowerment (Mäkinen, 2006) of migrant communities is explored assessing to what extent the implementation of translation policy empowers migrants’ digital communication with the host country’ authorities within the public services. To this end, we will focus on a case study, the translation policy implemented in the case of the digital communication between the Spanish ministry for Migration and migrants in the case of two immigration procedures, which will be investigated from a descriptive stance using the methodological concept of domain. Our initial findings suggest that the translation policy implemented by this Spanish ministry results in diametrically opposed levels of migrants’ digital empowerment in our case study. Thus, arguably, even if translation policy could be used as a tool to digitally empower all migrants in our case study, it seems to be used as a tool to empower only some of them; the most powerful group of migrants
Las referencias históricas de la época soviética y su tratamiento en la traducción: el caso de Svetlana Aleksiévich
Authors: Savchenkova Margarita
Published: January 2022

En el presente artículo, analizamos cómo varios traductores a idiomas europeos abordan la traducción de las referencias históricas de la época soviética, presentes en Vremja sekond hènd (El fin del «Homo sovieticus»), una obra literaria de Svetlana Aleksiévich. El abismo entre la cultura rusa y las de los países occidentales hace que gran cantidad de las referencias al pasado de la URSS resulte opaca para el público lector del Oeste. Debido a reiteradas apariciones de estas en la obra objeto de estudio, los traductores se ven obligados a decidir qué procedimientos de traducción pueden emplear para transmitir el significado de dichas referencias, en qué casos tienen que conservarlas tal cual y hasta qué punto necesitan acercar el texto al lector. Con el fin de detectar posibles dificultades a la hora de traducir elementos propios de la historia soviética y ejemplificar las estrategias aplicadas, estudiamos el trasvase del texto original ruso a cuatro idiomas: francés, portugués, español e inglés. Tras clasificar las referencias históricas y contrastar su tratamiento en el corpus, podemos concluir que la selección de los procedimientos de traducción varía no solo en función de la referencia en cuestión y el contexto en el que figura, sino también en función del género al que el traductor y la editorial atribuyen la obra.
Metaphors and the Degree of Conventionality in Translation of Prose Fiction: A Fraction of the Whole in Focus
Authors: Hesabi Akbar , Bakhshi Mobina , Sadrnia Pouria
Published: January 2022

The idea of metaphor classification is regarded as how felicitously they are entrenched in everyday language spoken by ordinary people. Metaphor conventionality can be regarded as a scale whose opposite ends constitute conventional and creative metaphors. Logic indicates that the majority of linguistic metaphors are well-worn and conventional rather than novel, since an excess of novel metaphors may remarkably bring about “communicative surprise” (Rabadán Álvarez, 1991) thus increase cognitive processing time and even hinder perceiving. Metaphorical creativity, as the other extreme of the scale of conventionality, can be looked at as the use of conceptual metaphors and/ or their linguistic manifestations that are creative or novel. This study seeks to scrutinize the scale of conventionality in the Persian translation of A Fraction of the Whole. MIP known as Metaphor Identification Procedure put forward by the Pragglejaz Group (2007) was employed in the study to identify metaphors. The findings reveal that, sometimes, the metaphors used in L1 are novel or creative, but the translator draws upon conventional or entrenched ones in L2, or vice versa. The aim is to show the translator's choice of metaphor in terms of a conventionality scale using some previous cognitive models in this regard.
Solvent Effect in Glycyrrhizic Acid Spectra (Absorption and Fluorescence)
Authors: Khalik Zaid Abdul , Saleh Zeyad , Ali Mazin
Published: January 2022

In this research paper, a method built on UV/VIS spectrofluorophotometer and spectrophotometer by finding the fluorescence of glycyrrhizic acid in licorice root. Glycyrrhizic acid is an imperative active component present in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). Solvent effect had been studied in different solvents like deionized water and methanol. The differences between them were explored by the glycyrrhizic acid absorption and emission spectra. Under work conditions, i.e. 100% methanol solvent, a liquid ratio concentration 10−2 to 10−5 g /mL and second solvent with same conditions 100% deionized water in the same concentrations ,was done. The effect of the solvent was significant by change the value for λmax. The result was validated for parameters confines for Ex (λ Excitation) in different solvents. The results of absorption spectra obey Beer-Lambert's law. Because of the same property of these solvents (protic), the absence of a significant difference in the absorption spectra are shown. From florescence spectra, the spectrum at concentration 10−4 is the best for both solvents..
Superconducting circuit optomechanics in topological lattices
Authors: Kippenberg Tobias , Youssefi Amir , Bancora Andrea , Kono Shingo , Chegnizadeh Mahdi , Vovk Tatiana , Pan Jiahe
Published: January 2022

Cavity optomechanics enables controlling mechanical motion via radiation pressure interaction [1–3], and has contributed to the quantum control of engineered mechanical systems ranging from kg scale LIGO mirrors to nano-mechanical systems, enabling entanglement [4, 5], squeezing of mechanical objects [6], to position measurements at the standard quantum limit [7], non-reciprocal [8] and quantum transduction [9]. Yet, nearly all prior schemes have employed single- or few-mode optomechanical systems. In contrast, novel dynamics and applications are expected when utilizing optomechanical arrays and lattices [10], which enable to synthesize non-trivial band structures, and have been actively studied in the field of circuit QED [11–14]. Superconducting microwave optomechanical circuits are a promising platform to implement such lattices [15], but have been compounded by strict scaling limitations. Here we overcome this challenge and realize superconducting circuit optomechanical lattices. We demonstrate non-trivial topological microwave modes in 1-D optomechanical chains as well as 2-D honeycomb lattices, realizing the canonical SuSchrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model [16–18]. Exploiting the embedded optomechanical interaction, we show that it is possible to directly measure the mode functions of the bulk band modes, as well as the topologically protected edge states, without using any local probe [19–21] or inducing perturbation [22, 23]. This enables us to reconstruct the full underlying lattice Hamiltonian beyond tight-binding approximations, and directly measure the existing residual disorder. The latter is found to be sufficiently small to observe fully hybridized topological edge modes. Such optomechanical lattices, accompanied by the measurement techniques introduced, of-fers an avenue to explore out of equilibrium physics in optomechanical lattices such as quan-tum [24] and quench [25] dynamics, topological properties [10, 26, 27] and more broadly, emergent nonlinear dynamics in complex optomechanical systems with a large number of degrees of freedoms [28–31].
Generalization of Kirchhoff’s Law: The inherent relations between quantum efficiency and emissivity
Authors: Kurtulik Matej , Shimanovich Michal , Weill Rafi , Manor Assaf , Shustov Michael , Rotschild Carmel
Published: January 2022

Planck’s law of thermal radiation depends on the temperature, \(T\), and the emissivity, \(\epsilon\), which is the coupling of heat to radiation depending on both phonon-electron nonradiative-interactions and electron-photon radiative-interactions. In contrast, absorptivity, \(\alpha\), only depends on the electron-photon radiative-interactions. At thermodynamic equilibrium, nonradiative-interactions are balanced, resulting in Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation, \(\epsilon =\alpha\). For non-equilibrium, Quantum efficiency (QE) describes the statistics of photon emission, which like emissivity depends on both radiative and nonradiative interactions. Past generalized Planck’s equation extends Kirchhoff’s law out of equilibrium by scaling the emissivity with the pump-dependent chemical-potential \(\mu\), obscuring the relations between the body properties. Here we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a prime equation relating these properties in the form of \(\epsilon =\alpha \left(1-QE\right)\). At equilibrium, these relations are reduced to Kirchhoff’s law. Our work lays out the evolution of non-thermal emission with temperature, which is critical for the development of lighting and energy devices.
A Robust Arctic Amplification Factor Throughout the Last 21,000 Years
Authors: Yan Yuzhen , Wen Xinyu
Published: January 2022

Arctic amplification (AA), a phenomenon that a larger change in temperature near the Arctic areas than the Northern Hemisphere average in the past 100+ years, has significant impacts on mid-latitude weather and climate, and therefore is of great concern in current climate projections. Previous studies suggest a wide range of AA factors from 1.0 to 12.5 using either the 20th century observations or climate model hindcasts. In the present paper, we explore the diversity of AA factor in a long-term transient simulation covering the past glacial-to-interglacial years. It is shown that the natural AA phenomenon is essentially linked with North Atlantic sea ice changes through ice-albedo feedback with a narrowed and robust AA factor of 2.5±0.8 throughout the last 21,000 years. Current observed AA phenomenon is a mixed result combining sea ice melting induced AA mode with GHGs induced global uniform warming, and thus has an AA factor slightly less than 2.5. In the future, as Arctic sea ice gradually melts off, we speculate that AA phenomenon might fade off accordingly and the AA factor will decline close to 1.0 in 1-2 centuries. Our findings provide new evidence for better understanding the range of AA factor and associated key physical processes, and provide new insights for AA’s projection in current anthropogenic warming climate.
Identifying Key Processes and Drivers Affecting the Success of Non-indigenous Marine Species in Coastal Waters
Authors: Lindegren Martin , Gabellini Aurelia Pereira , Munk Peter , Edelvang Karen , Hansen Flemming
Published: January 2022

Non-indigenous species (NIS) pose a major threat to biodiversity and the functioning and services of ecosystems. Despite their rapid spread in coastal waters worldwide, biotic invasions are widely disregarded in marine conservation planning. To guide conservation actions, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms determining the success of NIS are therefore needed. Here we develop a joint modelling approach to identify the key drivers and community assembly processes determining the occurrence of invasive benthic invertebrates, using Danish coastal waters as a case study. To reflect factors affecting the introduction, establishment and spread of NIS throughout the area, we compiled long-term monitoring data on NIS, as well as information on commercial shipping, environmental conditions and estimates of larvae settling densities derived from drift model simulations informed by species traits. We then applied a set of species distribution models to identify the key drivers determining the occurrence of NIS. Our results demonstrate a significant positive effect of vessel activity, a negative effect of depth and bottom salinity, as well as a positive effect of the simulated settling densities on the probability of presence. Taken together, our results highlight the role of commercial shipping, habitat characteristics and passive advection of early-life stages on the success of NIS. Our joint modelling approach provide improved process understanding on the key community assembly processes determining the presence of NIS and may serve to guide monitoring, management and conservation planning in order to limit future invasions and their negative consequences on coastal ecosystems.
Activity pattern of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Zahoor Babar , Liu Xuehua , Ahmad Basharat
Published: January 2022

The Asiatic black bear is considered an indicator species of the environment, hence, any change in the environment may alter its activity pattern. We monitored the monthly activity pattern of black bears in the moist temperate forests of Machiara National Park, AJ&K, Pakistan. We used infrared camera traps and indigenous knowledge for data collection from April 2019 to April 2021. Camera traps recorded 109 (inside the forest = 107, outside the forest = 2) independent registrations (IR) within 5541 (692.63 ± 36.72, mean ± SD) camera days. We found that (i) spring and autumn were the lowest activity seasons of black bears inside the forest. (ii) Whereas, the highest activities were recorded in summer with peak activities in August followed by July (χ2 = 203.5, df= 7, P< 0.05). (iii) The activity level sharply declined after August and halted from late November to late April which was clear indication of bears’ hibernation period. We collected indigenous knowledge from 70 selected persons, including hunters, herders, temporary residents and crop raiding victims. We used the data of human observation of latest three years and found that (i) bears remained active from May to November and hibernated rest of the period. (ii) The activities were at their peak inside the forest in summer (May – August) and out of the forest in autumn (September – November) when it preferred to raid the widely cultivated maize crop (Zea mays) in the area. The capturing of black bears by camera traps outside the forest further supported the data provided by local people. Such switching over might have occurred due to the food preferences for Zea mays or easy access to abundant food availability out of the forest area. The current data can help mitigate human black bears conflict and consequently future conservation of black bears in the area.
Mitigation of Equine Recurrent Uveitis Through Topical Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 Mimetic Peptide: Open Label Safety and Efficacy Pilot Study
Authors: Plummer Caryn E , Polk Timothy , Sharma Jatin , Bae Sarah , Barr Olivia , Jones Amari , Kitchen Holly , Wilhelmy Michelle , Devin K , Smith Wesley Clay , Kolaczkowski Bryan D. , Larkin Joseph
Published: January 2022

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a painful and debilitating autoimmune disease, and represents the only spontaneous model of human recurrent uveitis (RU). Despite the efficacy of existing treatments, RU remains a leading cause of visual handicap in horses and humans. Cytokines, which utilize Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) for signaling, drive the inflammatory processes in ERU that promote blindness. Notably, suppressor of signaling-1 (SOCS1), which naturally limits the activation of Jak2 through binding interactions, is often deficient in autoimmune disease patients. Significantly, we previously showed that topical administration of a SOCS1 peptide mimic (SOCS1-KIR) mitigated induced rodent uveitis. In this pilot study, we test the potential to translate the therapeutic efficacy observed in experimental rodent uveitis to equine patient disease. Through bioinformatics and peptide binding assays we demonstrate putative binding of the SOCS1-KIR peptide to equine Jak2. We also show that topical, or intravitreal injection of SOCS1-KIR was well tolerated within the equine eye through physical and ophthalmic examinations. Finally, we show that topical SOCS1-KIR administration was associated with significant clinical ERU improvement. Together, these results provide a scientific rationale, and supporting experimental evidence for the therapeutic use of a SOCS1 mimetic peptide in RU.
Comprehensive Identification and Expression Analysis of CRY Gene Family in Gossypium
Authors: Huang Chaochen , Li Pengbo , Cao Junfeng , Zheng Zishou , Huang Jinquan , Zhang Xiufang , Shangguan Xiaoxia , Wang Lingjian , Chen Zhiwen
Published: January 2022

Background: The cryptochromes (CRY) comprise a specific blue light receptor for plants and animals, which play crucial roles in physiological processes of plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Results: In the present work, a systematical analysis of CRY gene family from five allotetraploid cotton species, G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. tomentosum, G. mustelinum and G. darwinii together with seven diploid species. There were 18, 17, 17, 17, and 17 CRYs identified in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. tomentosum, G. mustelinum and G. darwinii, respectively, whereas five to nine CRY genes were identified in the diploid species. Phylogenetic analysis of the protein-coding sequences revealed that CRY genes from the allotetraploids G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, three diploid cotton species (G. raimondii, G. herbaceum, and G. arboreum), and Arabidopsis thaliana could be classiﬁed into seven clades. Synteny analysis suggested that the homoeolog of G. hirsutum Gh_A02G0384 has undergone an evolutionary loss event in the other four allotetraploid cotton species. Cis-element analysis predicated the possible functions of CRY genes in G. hirsutum. Public RNA-seq data were investigated to analyze the expression patterns of G. hirsutum CRY genes in various tissues as well as gene expressions under abiotic stress treatments. Conclusion: These results indicated the possible functions of G. hirsutum CRY genes in differential tissues as well as in response to abiotic stress during the cotton plants life cycle.
Groundwater Potentiality Prediction Using AHP-MCDA and GBT Model in a Typical Basement Complex, Nigeria: Insights From Remote Sensing and Geophysical Datasets
Authors: Olumide Balogun Olabode , James Akintorinwa Olaoluwa , Anthony Mogaji Kehinde
Published: January 2022

Delineation of geologic features that are capable of hosting water in economic quantity in the Basement Complex has been a major concern because they are usually localized due to restricted fractured and weathered rock. To effectively evaluate the groundwater potentiality prediction index (GPPI) accuracy of an area, solely depends on the groundwater potentiality predictors (GPPs) considered and the statistical model used in analyzing the data. Therefore, the acquired remotely sensed and geophysical depth sounding database processed using autopartial curve matching software and computer aided iteration to determine was analyzed using the conventional Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model and the machine learning Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) data driven model. Such a data driven model (GBT) is efficient in solving complex and cognitive problems in high uncertainty and complex environments. Twelve (12) groundwater potentiality predictors (GPPs) namely: Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Slope (S), Drainage Density (Dd), Land Use (Lu), Aquifer Resistivity (ρa), Aquifer Thickness (h), Overburden Thickness (b), Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity (k), Aquifer Transmissivity (Tr), Aquifer Storativity (St), Aquifer Diffusivity (D), Aquifer Reflection Coefficient (Rc). The efficacy of GBT model was applied using the Salford Predictive Modeler 8.0 software. The data were partitioned into training and test dataset in ratio 90:10 using k-10 cross validation techniques. Their prediction importance was determined and the groundwater potentiality prediction index calculated and processed in the ArcGIS environment to produce the groundwater potential prediction index (GPPI) map of the investigated area. The investigated area was classed into three (3) zonations of low, moderate and high groundwater potential with about 56% classed within the low groundwater potential zone. Fifteen (15) water column measurement from wells was used to validate the developed model by calculating the predictive correlation accuracy (PCA) using the spearman's correlation analysis. The AHP-GPPI and GBT-GPPI model gave a correlation of (rs = 0.66; p = .007) and (rs = 0.74; p = .002) respectively. In conclusion, the model has proven that the drop in aquifer resistivity doesn't necessitate the presence of groundwater but rather several parameter should be integrated together to better understand the true nature of the aquifer.
Linking Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Natural Diet with Brain Size of Wild Consumers
Authors: Zavorka Libor , Wallerius Magnus Lovén , Kainz Martin , Höjesjö Johan
Published: January 2022

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are key structural lipids and their dietary intake is essential for brain development of virtually all vertebrates. The importance of n-3 LC-PUFA has been demonstrated in clinical and laboratory studies, but little is known about how differences in availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in natural prey influence brain development of wild consumers. The numerous consumers foraging on the interface of aquatic and terrestrial food webs can differ substantially in their intake of n-3 LC-PUFA, which may lead to differences in brain development, yet, this hypothesis remains to be tested. Here we use the previously demonstrated shift towards higher reliance on n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey of native brown trout Salmo trutta living in sympatry with invasive brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to explore this hypothesis. We found that the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle tissues of brown trout decreased with increasing consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey. Brain volume was positively related to content of the n-3 LC-PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid, in muscle tissues of brown trout. Our study thus suggests that increased reliance on low quality diet of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived subsidies can have a significant negative impact on brain development of wild trout. Our findings are important, because ongoing global change is predicted to reduce the availability of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA across food webs and we showed here a first evidence of how brain of wild vertebrate consumers response to scarcity of n-3 LC-PUFA content in natural prey.
N6-Methyladenosine Modification Changes in the Genome of Paulownia Fortunei Seedlings Infected With Phytoplasma
Authors: Xu Pingluo , Huang Shunmou , Zhai Xiaoqiao , Li Xiaofan , Yang Haibo , Cao Yabing , Fan Guoqiang
Published: January 2022

Background: Phytoplasmas induce diseases in more than 1,000 plant species and cause substantial ecological damage and economic losses, but the specific pathogenesis of phytoplasma has not yet been clarified. N6-methyladenosine sequencing (m6A-seq) has been applied mainly to model plants and not to woody plants. Results: In this study, we applied m6A-seq to study changes in m6A modification in the Paulownia fortunei genome after phytoplasma infection. We found that the m6A modification level in seedlings infected with the phytoplasma that causes Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) was slightly higher than the m6A modification level in PaWB-infected seedlings treated with 60 mg·L−1 methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). MMS has been shown to restore PaWB-infected seedlings to their normal form and no phytoplasma can be detected in MMS-treated PaWB-infected seedlings. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and m6A-seq were used to analyze the expression of genes with m6A peaks and m6A motifs in genes, respectively. The correlation analysis between the RNA-seq and m6A-seq data detected that a total of 315 differentially methylated genes were predicted to be significantly differentially expressed at the transcriptome level. The functions of genes related to PaWB were predicted by functional enrichment analysis, and two genes related to maintenance of the basic mechanism of stem cells in shoot apical meristem were discovered. One of the genes encodes the receptor protein kinase CLV2 (Paulownia_LG2G000076), and the other gene encodes the homeobox transcription factor STM (Paulownia_LG15G000976). The m6A modification levels were higher in PaWB-infected seedlings than they were in MMS-treated seedlings. In addition, genes F-box (Paulownia_LG17G000760) and MSH5 (Paulownia_LG8G001160) had exon skipping and mutually exclusive exon types of alternative splicing in PaWB-infected seedling treated with MMS. RT-PCR verified that the alternative splicing of these two genes was related to m6A modification. Conclusions: In this study, we applied m6A-seq to determine methylation levels in phytoplasma-infected Paulownia, and combined m6A-seq with transcriptome analysis to screen differentially expressed genes associated with PaWB. Also analyzed the effect of m6A methylation on alternative splicing. In future studies, we plan to verify genes directly related to PaWB and methylation-related enzymes in Paulownia to elucidate the pathogenicity mechanism of PaWB caused by phytoplasma invasion.
Effects of Transthoracic Echocardiography on the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of the MIMIC-III Database
Authors: Dong Daoran , Wang Yan , Wang Chan , Zong Yuan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has high mortality and is mainly related to the circulatory failure.Therefore, real-time monitoring of cardiac function and structural changes has important clinical significance.Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a simple and noninvasive real-time cardiac examination which is widely used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of TTE on the prognosis of ICU patients with ARDS.Methods: The data of ARDS patients were retrieved from the MIMIC-III v1.4 database and patients were divided into the TTE group and non-TTE group. Then, the baseline data were compared between the two groups, and the effect of TTE on the prognosis of ARDS patients was analyzed through multivariate logistic analysis and the propensity score (PS).Results: A total of 1,346 ARDS patients were enrolled, including 519 (38.6%) cases in the TTE group and 827 (61.4%) cases in the non-TTE group. Compared with the non-TTE group, the 28-day mortality of patients in the TTE group was greatly improved (OR=0.64 95%CI: 0.48-0.86, P=0.003). The length of ICU stay in the TTE group was significantly shorter than that in the non-TTE group (17d vs.14d, P=0.0001). The infusion volume in the TTE group was significantly less than that of the non-TTE group (6.2L vs.5.5L on day 1, P=0.0012). Importantly, the patients in the TTE group were weaned ventilators earlier than those in the non-TTE group (ventilator-free days within 28 d: 21 d vs. 19.8 d, respectively, P = 0.071).Conclusion: TTE can lower the risk of 28-d mortality in patients with ARDS.
Traumatic Brain Injury Alters Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Distribution in Lymphoid and Non-Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Tsymbalyuk Orest , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard Marc , Rathinam Chozha
Published: January 2022

Pathophysiological consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) mediated secondary injury remain incompletely understood. In particular, the impact of TBI on the differentiation and maintenance of dendritic cells (DCs), remains completely unknown. Here, we report that DC- differentiation, maintenance and functions are altered at both early and late phases of TBI. Our studies identify that; 1. frequencies and absolute numbers of DCs in the spleen and BM are altered at both acute and late phases of TBI; 2. surface expression of key molecules involved in antigen presentation of DCs were affected both at early and late phases of TBI; 3. distribution and functions of tissue-specific DC subsets of both circulatory and lymphatic systems were imbalanced following TBI; 4. early differentiation program of DCs, especially the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to common DC progenitors, were deregulated after TBI; and 5. intracellular ROS levels were reduced in DC progenitors and differentiated DCs at both early and late phases of TBI. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that TBI affects the distribution pattern of DCs and induces an imbalance among DC subsets in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. In addition, the current study demonstrates that TBI results in reduced levels of ROS in DCs at both early and late phases of TBI, which may explain altered DC differentiation paradigm following TBI. A deeper understanding on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to DC defects following TBI would be essential and beneficial in treating infections in patients with acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries.
Response of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin Ice Sheet to Southern Ocean Warming During Late Pleistocene Interglacials
Authors: Crotti Ilaria , Quiquet Aurelien , Landais Amaelle , Stenni Barbara , Wilson David , Severi Mirko , Mulvaney Robert , Wilhelms Frank , Barbante Carlo , Frezzotti Massimo
Published: January 2022

The response of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to past intervals of oceanic and atmospheric warming is still not well constrained but critical for understanding both past and future sea-level change. Furthermore, the ice sheet in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, which is characterized by a reverse-sloping bed, appears to have undergone thinning and ice discharge events during recent decades. By combining new glaciological evidence on ice sheet elevation from the TALDICE ice core with offshore sedimentological records and ice sheet modelling experiments, we reconstruct the ice dynamics in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin over the past 350,000 years. Our results indicate that the Wilkes Subglacial Basin experienced an extensive retreat 330,000 years ago and a more limited retreat 125,000 years ago. These changes coincided with warmer Southern Ocean temperatures and elevated global mean sea level during those interglacial periods, confirming the sensitivity of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin ice sheet to ocean warming and its potential role in sea-level change.
Perception-based Assessment of Ecosystem Services of Abijata-Shalla National Park Wetlands in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Bedo Denbel , Mekuriaw Abate , Bantider Amare
Published: January 2022

Abijata-Shalla Park was established as one of Ethiopia's national parks to safeguard wetlands and ecosystem services (ESs). Some of the ESs that are offered by the wetlands are currently depleting and disappearing rather than being protected. Understanding the drivers behind these changes can help individuals and policymakers design mitigation measures. The objective of this case was to assess ESs and the drivers of change with highlighting on the Abijata wetland. In addition to a household survey and group discussion, personal interviews and field observation were employed to collect data. Using these data, the various ESs were assessed and ranked from 1-10 according to local perception. Grading scales such as very high (−2), high (−1), neutral (0), low (+1), and very low (+2) were employed to analyse the drivers of ESs change. Analyses of the study revealed that some of the ESs, including fish, papyrus, water reeds, hunting and spiritual services, existed before 1991, but have since disappeared from the site. Twenty ESs are available; 11 services pertain to provisioning, followed by 4 regulating, 3 cultural and 2 supporting services. Wetland for cultivation ranked highest, followed by domestic water supply and pasture. All services, with the exception of arable land and pasture, are on the decline. Water abstraction is the primary driver of ESs change, followed by population growth and deforestation. The park existed as a "paper park." Water withdrawals from the Ziway-Shalla sub-basin should be restricted. Instead, focus on water conservation strategies to make better use of abstracted water.
Augmented Genetic Risk of Thrombophilia in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case report and Review of Literature
Authors: sherief laila , zakaria marwa , soliman basma , kamal naglaa , Khan Hekmat , abdelazeem Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is relatively common in children with acute ALL that usually appears after the diagnosis or during therapy secondary to many associated risk factors. Here in we report for the first time a child who developed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) prior to the diagnosis of ALL.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Traditional Chinese Herb “Chai-Hu” Resources Using Genome-Wide SNPs Through Genotyping-By-Sequencing
Authors: Jiang Ming , Yan Song , Ren Weichao , Xing Nannan , Li Hongyuan , Zhang Meiqi , Liu Meiqi , Ma Wei
Published: January 2022

Bupleurum (named “Chai-hu”) is an important traditional Chinese medicine resource in China. It has been widely used since ancient times and has antipyretic, analgesic and cholagogic functions, but there is little research on its genetic diversity. In this study, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was used to detect SNP loci in 39 Bupleurum germplasm resources from different regions in China and analyse their genetic diversity. A total of 25.1 Gb of data was obtained by sequencing, with an average of 0.64 Gb per sample. After screening, 83898 high-quality SNPs were obtained. The results of genetic research were obtained by phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis and population structure analysis, and the 39 experimental materials were divided into three groups. The average observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of Bupleurum populations were 0.24 and 0.17, respectively, indicating that Bupleurum populations from five different provinces had a low level of genetic diversity. Population nucleotide diversity analysis and analysis of molecular variance showed that the percentage of intrapopulation variation was 120.88%, while the percentage of interpopulation variation was only 2.46%. There was relative aggregation of Bupleurum samples with the same geographical origin, but the division of population structure was not completely correlated with sample origin. The results showed that the genetic diversity of the materials was low and that the genetic variation was narrow. This provides a good basis for the genetic breeding and protection of species diversity of Bupleurum.
Unplanned Hemodialysis Initiation and Low Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Scores are Associated with End-Stage Renal Disease Outcomes
Authors: Maenosono Ryoichi , Kobayashi Daisuke , Matsunaga Tomohisa , Yano Yusuke , Taniguchi Shunri , Fujiwara Yuya , Komura Kazumasa , Uehara Hirofumi , Kagitani Maki , Hirano Hajime , Inamoto Teruo , Nomi Hayahito , Azuma Haruhito
Published: January 2022

Background

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have low nutritional status, presenting a high mortality risk. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a predictive marker of malnutrition. However, it is unclear whether the association between unplanned hemodialysis (HD) and GNRI scores is related to mortality.
Methods

The 180 patients who underwent HD at our hospital were divided into two groups: unplanned initiation with a central venous catheter (CVC; n=73) or planned initiation with prepared vascular access (n=107).
Results

There were no significant differences in sex, age, malignant tumor, hypertension, and vascular disease, while there were significant differences in time from the first visit to HD initiation (0 vs. 7 times, p=0.012) and days between the first visit and HD (12 vs. 186 days, p<0.001). The CVC insertion group had significantly lower GNRI scores at initiation (85.5 vs. 98.8, p<0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios were 4.115 and 3.077 for the GNRI scores and frequency, respectively. Three-year survival was significantly lower in the CVC + low GNRI group (p<0.0001). GNRI after 1 month was significantly inferior in the CVC insertion group.
Conclusions

Inadequate general management due to late referral to the nephrology department is a risk factor for patients with ESRD.
Cross-sectional Analysis of Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection Secondary to Spinal Internal Fixation via the Posterior Approach
Authors: Dong XiangHui , Zhou Yongchun
Published: January 2022

Backgroud: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors related to surgical site infection (SSI) secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach.Methods: Patients who had undergone spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach at the spinal center of our hospital from January 2004 to December 2019 were selected in this cross-sectional study. Information about age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fused segment, hemoglobin concentration, serum albumin concentration, surgical duration, surgery beginning time, allogeneic blood transfusion, combined diabetes, peak blood glucose 72 h postoperatively ≥12 mmol/L, smoking history, and blood loss were included. The factors related to SSI were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.Results: Among the 4,350 patients, 66 had SSI, with an infection prevalence of 1.5%. The subjects included 37 men and 29 women (age range, 22–84 y; average age, 47.4 ± 12.8 y). Univariate analysis showed that sex, BMI, fused segment, surgery beginning time, allogeneic blood transfusion, and smoking history were not correlated to infection (P > 0.05). However, age >60 y, surgical duration >3 h, serum albumin concentration <30 g/L, hemoglobin concentration <80 g/L, combined diabetes, peak blood glucose 72 h postoperatively ≥12 mmol/L, and blood loss >1,000 mL were correlated with infection (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age >60 y, surgical duration >3 h, hemoglobin concentration <80 g/L, serum albumin concentration <30 g/L, combined diabetes, and blood loss >1,000 mL were significantly correlated with SSI secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach.Conclusion: This study provides information on SSI secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach. We found that age >60 y, surgical duration >3 h, hemoglobin concentration <80 g/L, serum albumin concentration <30 g/L, combined diabetes, and blood loss >1,000 mL are directly correlated with SSI secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach. These findings may contribute to discussions and actions that may help to reduce SSI secondary to spinal internal fixation via the posterior approach in the short or medium term.
RNA-Seq analysis reveals expression regulatory divergence of W-linked genes between two contrasting chicken breeds
Authors: Gu Hongchang , Wang Liang , Lv Xueze , Yang Weifang , Chen Yu , Li Kaiyang , Zhang Jianwei , Jia Yaxiong , Ning Zhonghua , Qu Lujiang
Published: January 2022

The regulation of gene expression is a complex process involving organism function and phenotypic diversity, and is caused by cis- and trans- regulation. While prior studies identified the regulatory pattern of the autosome rewiring in hybrids, the role of gene regulation in W sex chromosomes is not clear due to their degradation and sex-limit expression. Here, we developed reciprocal crosses of two chicken breeds, White Leghorn and Cornish Game, which exhibited broad differences of gender-related traits, and assessed the expression of the genes on W chromosome to disentangle the contribution of cis- and trans-factors to expression divergence. We found that there was not appear to be an association between female fecundity and W chromosome gene expression, that 44% of expressed genes had divergent expression between breeds in both tissues, with only 17% of them showing greater expression in White Leghorn. We observed that the proportion of trans-acting genes in W chromosome was higher than cis-regulatory divergence. There were most parental divergence expression genes in muscle, also more heterosis compared with other two tissues. A strong dominant impact of Cornish alleles in brain, while obvious crosses-specific regulatory patterns appeared in liver. Taken together, this work describes the regulatory divergence of W-linked genes between two contrasting breeds and indicates sex chromosomes have a unique regulation and expression mechanism.