bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical-analytic computing method of the kinetics of fatigue crack propagation in the thin plates
Authors:   S.P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Golub Vladyslav , Plashchynska Alla ,   S.P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: October 2024

Fatigue failure is one of the main reasons for the sudden failure of critical elements of modern structures. Therefore, the development of methods for predicting the kinetics of fatigue crack propagation is an important task of mechanics. A promising way to solve this problem is to build a theoretical model of fatigue crack propagation, where the process of damage accumulation is considered the driving force. This paper aims to develop a numerical-analytical solution for predicting the kinetics of fatigue crack propagation in a thin isotropic plate with a central crack under uniaxial asymmetric cyclic loading, taking into account the influence of accumulated damage along the crack line and experimental validation of the results. The solution is based on a theoretical two-stage model of fatigue crack propagation, which combines concepts of fracture mechanics and continuum damage mechanics, and equivalent stresses concept under asymmetric cyclic loading. The fatigue crack tip zone is considered according to the modified Dagdale model. The task is reduced to a solution integral equation of fatigue crack propagation. An approximate analytical solution is obtained using Laplace transform properties. The numerical solution, obtained by the recursion method, allows for the consideration of damage accumulation over time along the crack line. The calculation results using approximate analytical and numerical methods for a thin aluminium alloy 7075-T6 plate with I mode crack under uniaxial asymmetric tension-compression loading satisfactorily agree with the experimental data. Considering the level of accumulated damage over time leads to an increase in the calculated crack propagation rate.
«Was Utterly Defeated by the Barbarians»: Campaign of Magister Militum Peter in 595
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine, Lahodych Volodymyr
Published: October 2024

A characteristic feature of the personnel policy of the Roman Emperor Maurice (582–602) in relation to the military nobility of the Empire was the regular replacement of commanders in the positions of heads of military districts. Such actions of the ruler were not least dictated by his own voluntarism and demandingness towards his generals. In addition, the catalyst for the turnover of military leaders in the positions of magistri militum of Thraciae, Illyricum and the East was the permanent clashes with the enemies of Eastern Rome. In particular, on the western bank of the Danube, the post-establishment association of Asian nomads, the Avar Khaganate, was the most powerful among the barbarians. Diplomacy between the Empire and the Khaganate was characterized by instability from the late 60s of the 6th cent. and consisted of a series of wars that alternated with short-lived truces. In order to end the confrontation with the barbarians north of the Danube Limes, Mauritius appointed his brother, Peter, as military magistrate of Thrace in 593. The reason for this decision was the lack of trusted military leaders and dissatisfaction with the actions of Peter’s predecessor, Priscus. Despite his lack of practical experience as a commander, Peter received military corps under his command that systematically participated in hostilities. Despite his long tenure, Peter failed to demonstrate the skills of a skilled strategist and tactician. Nevertheless, the activity of his brother Maurice as a magister militum of the northern frontier of Empire serves as a cluster of processes of decline both among the ordinary soldiers of the Roman army and the degradation of the officer corps of Eastern Roman Empire.
Regional Characteristics of the Christianization of Byzantine Jews in 873/4–886
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine, Melnykovych Ruslan
Published: October 2024

Sources that contain information about the Christianization of the Jews by the Byzantine emperor Basil I «the Macedonian» (867–886) describe these events without territorial attribution. The exceptions are the chronicles of Symeon Magister (10th century) and Ahima’atz Ben Paltiel (11th century). These works emphasize that the will of the ruler covered the entire state, which at that time encompassed the territories of Asia Minor, parts of the Balkans, and southern Italy. However, there is a regional disparity among the existing sources: there is ample evidence of those events written by southern Italian Jews; whereas there is no Jewish mention of Christianization left by the Balkan or Anatolian descendants of Israel. In addition, the Greek authors describe Basil’s missionary initiative in favorable ways, which contrasts sharply with the Jewish texts. The purpose of this article is to define and illuminate the regional peculiarities of the policy of Christianization of Byzantine Jews in the second half of the 9th century. Despite the voluntary essence of this initiative of the emperor, there was a forced conversion in southern Italy. In the rest of the territories, conversions took place without the use of violence, and the main means of proselytizing were material encouragement and perks for new converts; and public disputes. The latter were intended to demonstrate the power of Christian arguments to Jewish discussants and spectators of such events. No broad measures were taken to implement Christianization in the Balkans and Asia Minor. This is obviously the reason for the absence of any mentions of those events from local Jews; it is also the reason for the low effectiveness of the emperor’s missionary policy in general. Radical actions to increase the number of converts in these regions were not taken, probably due to the sabotage of Christianization by a certain part of the high clergy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, who strongly opposed the fast-track procedure for catechizing and baptizing non-Christians.
Periodization and Nomination of Age Groups of Childhood in Ukrainian Society of the 17th – 18th Centuries (on the Example of Written Monuments of Intellectuals)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Anykiienko Vadym
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the age periodization of childhood and the nomination of age groups in Ukrainian society of the 17th – 18th centuries based on the analysis of the written monuments of intellectuals. The author notes that both foreign and Ukrainian researchers were engaged in this topic, among whom he names the following: Aries F., Delgado B., Petrov I., Spasova M., Masliichuk V., Serdiuk I. Despite the mentioned studies, there are still few the studied questions regarding the analysis of the main age groups of childhood and their nomination in the Ukrainian society of the studied period. The methodology of the article is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, and objectivity. Used methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison of information given in historical sources. A semantic approach was used to find out the meaning of children’s nomination lexemes. The author studies the peculiarities of dividing childhood into periods with characteristics characteristic of each of them, which distinguish them from others. Literary works make it possible to clarify the general idea about the periodization of human life and childhood in particular. They do not present a clear demarcation, but allow establishing their sequence. The main age groups of the studied period are the following «infant» (nemovlia), «mladenets», «adolescent» (otrocha), «young man» (yunak). Analyzing sources of various origins, the author tries to establish their semantic meaning, which is complicated by the limited number of distinguishing markers. Sometimes the same lexemes could be used to designate children of several age groups, acting as synonyms with other forms, which allowed people of the studied period to use them as interchangeable words. In the sources, lexemes appear both completely independently and with additional clarifications, the presence of which indicates a wide semantic meaning. Among them, the following stand out: «small», «adult», «one who feeds on breast milk», and numerical designations of age could also be added. In addition to specific language forms, general ones that were not tied to a certain age group could also be used. These are lexemes «children» (dity), «chado», «young» (molodyi), etc., which are also found in sources with clarifying words. That is, for the nomination of children in Ukrainian society of the XVII–XVIII centuries could use different lexemes, adding clarification because of their broad meaning. The article analyzes literary and narrative works, sources of church origin, medical and economic advisors, official documents.
KÜMELENME MEKANİZMALARI VE YEREL SEKTÖREL SİNERJİLER: TRABZON’DA TÜRK SOMONU (ALABALIK) SEKTÖRÜ
Authors: Ertem Zafer , İlhan-nas Tülay
Published: October 2024

Türk somonu (alabalık) sektörü, Türkiye'nin ticaret dengesi üzerinde giderek artan bir etkiye sahiptir. Sektör, ülkenin ekonomik büyümesinin yanı sıra istihdam yaratma ve bölgesel kalkınmayı teşvik etme açısından da kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yoğunlaşan balık yetiştiriciliği ve işleme faaliyetleri, bölgesel ekonomik kalkınmayı desteklemekte ve yerel halk için istihdam fırsatları yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Trabzon'da Türk somonu (alabalık) sektöründeki kümelenme mekanizmalarını ve yerel sektörel sinerjileri incelemektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, sektör paydaşlarının rollerini ve katkılarını belirlemek, işbirliği dinamiklerini analiz etmek ve rekabetçiliği geliştirmek için stratejik önerilerde bulunmaktır. Veriler, balık yetiştiricileri, yem tedarikçileri, ambalaj ve lojistik tedarikçileri, üretici örgütleri ve kamu kurumları gibi çeşitli paydaşlarla gerçekleştirilmiş derinlemesine görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular, bölgedeki sektörel kümelenme stratejilerinin bölgesel ekonomik kalkınmayı desteklediğini, ancak kaynak kısıtlamaları, stratejik planlama eksiklikleri ve düşük ürün farkındalığı gibi zorluklarla karşı karşıya olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Un nuevo modelo de contrato formativo
Authors:   Tribunal Superior de Xustiza de Galicia, Olmos Parés Isabel
Published: October 2024

La Reforma Laboral de 2021 no podía olvidarse de los contratos formativos, de evidente naturaleza temporal, habida cuenta de la reestructuración que ha decretado en relación a la contratación temporal, eliminando el contrato de obra, así como el hecho indudable de que son o deberían ser pieza clave del mercado de trabajo. La Reforma Laboral de 2021 ha pretendido incidir en su verdadera finalidad, la formativa, diseñando ambas modalidades, la formación en alternancia y la formación para la adquisición de la práctica profesional, como dos pasos consecutivos para acceder y consolidarse en el mercado de trabajo. Este trabajo intenta abordar los principales cambios producidos.
Los nuevos permisos de conciliación y el refuerzo de la corresponsabilidad en el estatuto básico del empleado público tras el RD ley 5/2023
Authors:   Universidade de Vigo, Rodríguez Rodríguez Emma
Published: October 2024

A través del RD ley 5/2023, de 28 de junio, el legislador español transpone al ordenamiento interno el contenido de la Directiva (UE) 2019/1158, sobre conciliación y corresponsabilidad de las personas trabajadoras. En la legislación del empleo público los cambios normativos suponen modificaciones de algunos permisos ya existentes, incorporando el permiso para cuidadores y por fuerza mayor, acogiendo una concepción amplia de la familia, e introduciendo un nuevo derecho para el reconocimiento del permiso parental. Según el espíritu de la Directiva, todos los permisos en pro de la conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral deben facilitar la flexibilidad para la persona trabajadora y garantizar su ejercicio. Se refuerzan los derechos de conciliación como derechos individuales e intransferibles y se ahonda en la corresponsabilidad.
Why Is It Challenging to Apply Arm’s Length Principle on Intragroup Financing in Indonesia? A Tax Officials Perspectives
Authors: Wuryaningsih Heni , Nuryanah Siti
Published: October 2024

Directorate General of Taxes amends its supervision business process to require Account Representatives to conduct transfer pricing analysis. As an international standard, transfer pricing must adhere to the arm's length principle. This research aims to analyze the reasons why the arm’s length principle on intragroup financing is challenging to apply in Indonesia, as perceived by Account Representatives in Jakarta Special Regional Tax Office utilizing the ADKAR model. Questionnaires and interviews are used as triangulation techniques in the study. The results show that participants were aware of the importance of conducting transfer pricing analysis and expressed a desire to participate in bringing about business process changes. Participants' knowledge and ability were major barriers to the implementation of the arm's length principle in intragroup financing. The primary hurdle in regards to knowledge is the assessment of credit ratings, whereas the ability component concerns the accessibility and expertise in utilizing the requisite tools and resources. Potential solutions suggested to Directorate General of Taxes include providing a case-based approach for training and enhancing accessibility to acquire comparable data or taxpayer credit ratings.
A closer look at the link between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease
Authors: Sharma Ena , Thind Simran , Goyal Radhika , Krishna Sreejith , Sangha Ruhee , Sood Ridhima , Kaur Maninder
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal diseases (PD) are chronic inflammatory conditions that share a complex and bidirectional relationship. Both conditions exhibit common pathogenic mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and tissue destruction, suggesting a potential close association. This abstract aims to highlight the emerging evidence on the correlation between RA and PD, focusing on their shared risk factors, underlying biological pathways, and the implications for patient management.

Studies have shown that individuals with RA are more likely to suffer from periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, which is characterized by the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of teeth. The presence of periodontal pathogens, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been implicated in the citrullination of proteins—a key process in the development of RA autoantibodies, specifically anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). These antibodies play a central role in RA pathogenesis, indicating a potential triggering link between periodontal infection and RA onset.

Furthermore, systemic inflammation present in RA exacerbates periodontal inflammation and vice versa, creating a vicious cycle. The shared inflammatory mediators, including cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, further reinforce the connection between the two conditions. Management of PD has shown to improve clinical outcomes in RA patients, suggesting that periodontal health may influence RA disease activity.

The close association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases highlights the need for an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing and managing periodontal disease in RA patients may reduce systemic inflammation and improve overall disease outcomes. Future research should focus on exploring the molecular links between RA and PD, as well as the potential benefits of combined therapeutic interventions.
Morphometric study of foramen magnum and its correlation with cranial morphometry in dry human skulls of north India
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Ali Sadakat
Published: October 2024

This study examines the morphology of the foramen magnum, a critical opening at the skull base, in dry human skulls from North India. We explore its size, shape, and potential links to overall skull form (cranial morphometry).

Fifty dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from North India were analyzed. Anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum were measured to calculate area and a specific index. Additionally, the foramen's shape was documented. Cranial measurements were also taken to assess cranial morphometry.

The study establishes average size and prevalent shape of the foramen magnum in this North Indian sample. We investigated correlations between foramen magnum dimensions (area and index) and cranial measurements. The findings illuminate potential variations in foramen magnum morphology and its association with overall skull form within this specific population.

: This research provides valuable data on foramen magnum morphometry in a North Indian population. The observed associations between foramen magnum and cranial measurements can be relevant to various fields, including anatomy, anthropology, and neurosurgery.
Office of Institutional Integrity and Sanctions System: Annual Report 2023
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: October 2024

This Annual Report reflects the work of the Office of Institutional Integrity (OII), the Sanctions Officer (SO) and the Sanctions Committee (SNC), which together are responsible for overseeing the management of integrity risk at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group.
Man Creates Culture, Culture Creates Man: The Reciprocal Relationship Between Humanity and Culture in the Life and Thought of Saint John Paul II
Authors: Houde Keith A.
Published: October 2024

The life and thought of Karol Wojtyła/John Paul II embody and elaborate the reciprocal relationship between humanity and culture. As historian and custodian of faith and culture, John Paul II provided a conceptual understanding of the mutually formative influences of person and community. Polish faith and culture were the cradle and crucible that formed Wojtyła. In return, Wojtyła bestowed a legacy of liberty to Polish faith and culture. As prophet and pastor of faith and culture, John Paul II continues to challenge humanity to faithful personal formation and interpersonal transmission of this heritage for the sake of future generations.
Occupational Exposure to Mixed Pesticides in Northern West Bengal Tea Gardens: Impact on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Markers Among Female Tea Pluckers
Authors: Bose Ananya , Kundu Sudipta , Banerjee Oly , Singh Siddhartha , Banerjee Anindita , Mandal Ranajit , Maji Bithin Kumar , Mukherjee Sandip
Published: October 2024

Due to the potential health impacts of pesticides, biomonitoring of pesticide exposure is currently a subject of significant public interest. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress in female tea pluckers who are vulnerable to being exposed to a combination of pesticides in the northern part of West Bengal, India. Data were collected from 82 permanent female tea pluckers of two tea gardens in Jalpaiguri district and 68 women from the general population not directly exposed to the pesticides but living in the same geographical area. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity were measured, and levels of Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) and Nitric Oxide (NO) were determined in plasma. The student’s t-test analyzed the disparity between the exposed and non-exposed groups. Correlation coefficient analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between AChE and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Compared to the control group plasma AChE activity was significantly decreased (17.42%) among female tea pluckers (p≤0.001). In comparison to the control group, female tea pluckers showed a significant increase in LPO and NO levels as markers of oxidative stress, as well as a significant decrease in GSH levels. Enzymatic antioxidants SOD and CAT were significantly reduced in the exposed group. Significant correlations were observed between AChE and biomarkers of oxidative stress. In conclusion, the alterations in different biochemical parameters indicate that female tea pluckers were occupationally exposed to mixed pesticides (containing organophosphates) in tea gardens. It is therefore imperative to highlight the usage of personal protective equipment by the pluckers and environmentally friendly pesticide alternatives in the tea gardens. Additional research is recommended to connect our results with the negative health impacts seen in chronic pesticide exposure, in which oxidative damage is believed to be a key factor.
Impact of Prolonged Standing on Activity Limitation and Participatory Restriction Among Security Guards: An Observational Study
Authors: Ghadi Omkar , Naik Prashant , Kulkarni Amogh , Phadke Rutuja , Kumar Robins
Published: October 2024

Prolonged standing at work, lower extremity discomfort as well as the eventual development of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) is particularly pronounced among security guards, whose job demands extended periods of standing, significantly impacting their personal and social lives. This issue can be addressed using the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) which serves as a comprehensive framework for understanding an individual’s functioning profile, essential for discerning their specific needs. Hence, this study aimed to examine the impact of prolonged standing on the activity limitations and participation restrictions experienced by security guards, utilising the ICF qualifiers, SF- 36 and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) as a functional assessment tool. A total of 260 individuals residing in Belagavi city, Karnataka, India, aged between 25 and 65 years, employed as security guards for more than two years and engaged in standing duties for at least 4 to 8 hours per day were examined for their activity limitations and participation restrictions were conducted using ICF qualifiers, SF-36 and the LEFS. The activity limitation and participation restriction studies use frequency distribution of the ICF codes. Karls Pearsons Coefficient was used to assess the correlation between SF-36 and LEFS. The results revealed that as per the ICF questionnaire, the majority of the participants exhibited mild to moderate difficulty in performing various tasks, including squatting, kneeling, standing, moving objects with lower extremities, running and jumping (coded as d4101, d4102, d4104, d435, d4552 and d4553, respectively). Upon correlating the scores from the LEFS with each component of the SF36 questionnaire, a significant positive correlation was observed with p<0.05. In conclusion, the demanding nature of security work, characterised by prolonged standing, contributes to activity limitations and participation restrictions among security personnel. Additionally, the detailed questions provided in the ICF documentation form facilitate a thorough assessment of activity limitations and participation restrictions among security guards, making it a preferred tool for such evaluations.
Relationship between Organizational Climate and Emotional Intelligence of Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Mattoo Muassarat Mushtaq , Kumar Aneet
Published: October 2024

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational climate of secondary school teachers. A sample of 1403 teachers (939 male and 464 female), (1089 govt. and 314), (297 Urban and1106 Rural) were chosen from secondary schools of Doda, Kishtwar and Ramban district of union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Organizational climate scale for teachers developed by Venita Singh and emotional intelligence scale developed by Nahid and Jamal Sajjid. The data were analysed using descriptive analyses (mean, standard deviation, t-test, and coefficient of correlation ‘r’). Result of the study exhibit that there is significant interaction between emotional intelligence and organizational climate of secondary school teachers. Thus, the null hypothesis, “ that there is no significant correlation between organizational climate and emotional intelligence ” is rejected. Further, the effect size (commonness) between organizational climate and emotional intelligence is 19%. It means two variables share 19% variance between them. The implication of this paper is to provide an insight and efficient information related to organizational climate and emotional intelligence which is prerequisite in improving teacher’s performance in schools. This study has suggested a feasible research strategy that would be helpful to gain a good organizational climate as well as maximize the emotional intelligence of teachers.
A Bird’s Eye View on the Fundamental Study of Rakta with Special Reference to Sharir
Authors: Verma Seema , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Gunawat Chandra Prakash
Published: October 2024

In Ayurveda, Rakta is considered one of the seven Dhatus (tissues) that make up the body. It is closely related to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, which are responsible for its production and maintenance. Rakta, also known as blood, is an important component of the human body. It plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen and nutrients to various organs and tissues, while also removing waste products from the body. According to Ayurveda, Rakta is also closely linked to the Pitta Dosha, which governs metabolism and transformation in the body. Imbalances in Pitta can lead to various blood disorders such as anaemia, jaundice, and bleeding disorders. In terms of Sharir (body), Rakta is circulated throughout the body via a network of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart acts as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body, while the lungs help to oxygenate it. Rakta is described in many ways in Ayurvedic Samhitas like Dosh, Dhatu, Srotas, Sara, Dash Pranayatana, Marma, Pramana, Kala and Chikitsa of many Vyadhis etc. Overall, Rakta is an essential component of the human body, and its proper functioning is critical for good health and well-being.
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Rumah Adat Bubungan Tinggi
Authors: Paris Muhammad Amin , Wahyuda Said Salman
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna filosofis rancangbangun rumah adat Banjar serta mendeskripsikan rancang bangun rumah adat Banjar dalam perspektif Etnomatematika yang ditinjau dari aktivitas Etnomatematika dan konsep Matematika. Penelitian ini terfokus mengenai filosofi rumah adat Banjar dalam aktivitas etnomatematika berupa aktivitas menghitung, aktivitas menentukan lokasi, dan aktivitas rancang bangun serta berbagai konsep matematika meliputi aspek kajian geometris berupa geometri dimensi dua dan geometri dimensi tiga. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, yang mana dalam analisis datanya tidak menggunakan analisis statistik, tetapi lebih banyak secara naratif dan pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Etnografi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini disebut sebagai narasumber atau ahli sejarah dari rumah adat Banjar yang mempunyai pemahaman tentang sejarah dan bentuk dari rumah adat Banjar yang dapat dikaji menggunakan etnomatematika. Sedangkan objek dari penelitian ini adalah Rumah Adat Banjar Bubungan Tinggi. Data yang dikumpulkan dapat bersifat deskriptif dalam bentuk kata-kata atau  gambar. Data bisa didapat dari hasil interview, catatan observasi lapangan, foto, sumber dari arsip, dokumen pribadi dan dokumen resmi. Setelah data terkumpul dilakukan analisis hasil wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan memeriksa keabsahan data.Berdasarkanhasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bagian rumah adat Banjar Bubungan Tinggi memiliki makna filosofis yang mendalam terkait dengan kehidupan masyarakat Banjarmasin baik hubungan dengan manusia maupun dengan sang pencipta.
Una planta de dependencias ecológicas, tecnológicas y sociales: reflexiones sobre la emergencia de Gossypium barbadense como planta textil
Authors: Alday Camila , Beresford-Jones David
Published: October 2024

Las plantas como materia prima textil son una ventana para entender las dinámicas culturales en la costa del Pacífico. El cultivo de algodón (Gossypium barbadense), originario de América del Sur hace aproximadamente 6000 años, se convirtió en un recurso textil esencial para la producción de redes, artefactos de pesca y tejidos. Cuando el algodón se introdujo en las tecnologías de fibras vegetales, no solo desencadenó un proceso de transición de una economía de retorno inmediato de plantas silvestres como Typha sp., Scirpus sp. y Asclepias sp, a una economía de cultivo de G. barbadense, sino también se convirtió en un recurso que generó nuevas dependencias. Entendiendo el algodón como motor de cambio en las relaciones ecológicas, tecnológicas y sociales, redefinimos esta planta como protagonista en las dinámicas sociales del Periodo Precerámico.
En este trabajo discutimos cómo el uso inicial del algodón promovió dinámicas de dependencia ecológica, económica y, por lo tanto, social durante el Periodo Precerámico en la costa del Pacífico. Este artículo es una invitación a mirar la contribución de la arqueología del Periodo Precerámico y el alcance de la arqueobotánica de plantas textiles al estudio de las dinámicas textiles tempranas en la región andina. Más relevante aún, el algodón ofrece un ejemplo único para cuestionar el enlace entre los orígenes del cultivo de plantas y la formación de textile-labour en América del Sur.
Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Benefits on Soybean Growth
Authors: Kajić Sanja , Gradinščak Andrea , Königshofer Dominik , Fadljević Ivana , Sikora Sanja , Rajnović Ivana
Published: October 2024

Background: Soybean is the most important legume in the world and its seeds contains 40% protein and 20% oil. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the use of plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria as a biofertilizer alternative to chemical fertilizers, which may pose risks to the environment. The rhizobia inoculation of soybean is a sustainable practice to induce atmospheric nitrogen fixation and subsequently improve crop productivity and soil fertility. Methods: In this study, 19 indigenous rhizobia isolated from soybean were tested in vitro for their plant growth-promoting properties (PGPR), while genotypic characterization included sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Result: Morphological characterisation has shown that all of the isolates were rod-shaped gram negative bacteria. The sequencing has shown that 12 out of 19 isolates belong to the genus Pseudomonas, four of which belong to P. fluorescens species. Isolates which belong to the Pseudomonas genus have shown the highest ability of indole-3-acetic acid synthesis, phosphorous solubilization and along with isolates SGN6, SGN7 and SGS4 (Sphingomonas sanguinis) potassium solubilisation too. All the isolates from Pseudomonas genus as well as those belonging to B. japonicum species have shown the protease synthesis abilities while amylase synthesis abilities was observed only in the isolate SAK2 (P. chlororaphis). The most efficient strains in in vitro biological nitrogen fixation assay belong to Pseudomonas and Rhizobium genera. Most of the isolates were positive to the organic acid production while all of them have shown the ability of the exopolysaccharide production.
Tax Awareness and Fiscal Workarounds in Contemporary Kenya: Reactions Towards New Taxation Laws, and the Need to Renew the Social Contract
Authors: Magale Eric , Schmidt Mario
Published: October 2024

Politicians and analysts have taken up the increasing use of mobile money services in Kenya’s informal sector as a potential entry point to taxing small-scale businesses that usually fly under the radar of local tax authorities. Along these lines, the Finance Act 2023 proposed, among several other tax increases, to raise the excise duty tax on mobile money services from 12 to 15 per cent, resulting in increased fees for customers. Our research investigates ordinary citizens’ reaction to this change in taxation through ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, as well as an analysis of newspaper articles and (social) media reports. We examine 1) how taxes on mobile money services relate to other taxes and other obligatory payments made by social actors, and 2) how the perception of taxation more generally impacts citizens’ assessment of individual taxes and vice versa. Our data shows that the overall anti-tax sentiment that was partly stirred by the political opposition resulted in citizens avoiding paying taxes by employing a variety of ‘fiscal workarounds’. Across the political-economic spectrum, our research participants thereby expressed their frustration with the political class while at the same time reinvigorating their view of taxation as based on a ‘social contract’ between tax-compliant citizens and a government that provides essential services. Summary of Working Paper 211.
A proposição de um visualcast intercultural, pensado a partir da cultura surda, tendo como tema a mata atlântica e os povos originários
Authors: Dias Priscila Maria de Oliveira , Cardoso Fernandez Thais Almeida , Bozzi Raquel Alves , Ferreira Nathália Barros , Pereira da Silva Wilson Fernando
Published: October 2024

O trabalho apresenta as ações extensionistas desenvolvidas na interseção dos projetos “Caminhos para Educação Intercultural a partir do Encontro de Saberes: produção coletiva de materiais didáticos inclusivos” e “BioLibras”. Partindo da identidade surda, da Libras e do ensino de Ciências para os surdos do município de Viçosa (MG) e região, a educação intercultural dá foco à diversidade biocultural do Brasil, abordando a realidade dos povos tradicionais e indígenas nas escolas. Com o propósito de que todas/os vivenciem essa educação intercultural, pessoas surdas também devem ser incluídas nesse cenário, que aproxima a ciência da diversidade encontrada em sala de aula. Este trabalho apresenta a construção de um material didático intercultural e inclusivo. A história sobre a Mata Atlântica foi contada junto a uma mestra indígena Pataxó, que trata da diversidade biocultural e da presença dos povos originários na Mata. A partir desse material, produzido em áudio, o grupo de trabalho pensou em um material visual para a educação de pessoas surdas. Foi estruturada a proposta do Visualcast, recurso educativo inclusivo complementar ao Podcast. O Visualcast foi estruturado a partir da interpretação da história em Libras e do uso de imagens representativas das histórias, utilizando as representações imagéticas indígenas, que apoiarão o entendimento das pessoas surdas sobre o tema. O Visualcast visa promover o diálogo intercultural numa perspectiva de construção coletiva de saberes sobre a vida, focada na alteridade e no conhecer para entender e para valorizar o diferente, sendo um material didático bilíngue e disponível para acesso.
Korean street food in contemporary Indonesia: Glocalization in a semi-medium city
Authors: Mutahir Arizal , Chusna Aidatul , Rizkidarajat Wiman , Taufiqurrohman Muhammad , Makhasin Luthfi
Published: October 2024

Korean street food in Indonesia is part of the ‘Korean Wave’ (hallyu) that hit Indonesia in the early 2010s. It is not difficult to find Korean street food in Indonesian cities. Korean street food has become part of urban culture in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the existence of Korean street food in Indonesia using the concept of glocalization according to Roland Robertson. This research also analyze the glocalization of Korean street food in the local context in the form of halal Korean street food so that it is accepted and consumed by Indonesian people. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach as a research strategy. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The result of this study has shown that through various forms of glocalization, Korean street food has become part of Indonesian society. Korean street food has carried out relative syncretism of food through a process of particularization as universalization. This process is carried out by adopting the halal concept in Korean street food. The results of this research contribute to understanding the glocalization of street food in adopting the halal concept.
Occupational health and safety services during the pandemic from the perspective of occupational health professionals working at site: A combination of questionnaire based and in-depth interview research from Türkiye
Authors: Dilaver İrem , Beyhun Nazım Ercüment , Şahin Kübra , Topbaş Murat
Published: October 2024

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine occupational health and safety practices in workplaces in COVID-19 pandemic and assess these practices from the perspective of occupational health and safety professionals. Methods: In this study, questionnaire-based and in-depth interview was used were used concomitantly. In the quantitative part, an electronic survey form was applied to 363 professionals. In the qualitative part, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 professionals using a semi-structured interview form and the data were analyzed with MAXQDA. Results: When the measures taken for mask use, social distancing and hygiene in workplaces during the pandemic were questioned, measures taken at the highest rate were related to mask use. In-depth interviews were grouped under three themes: difficultiess, strengths and the effects of the pandemic. It was emphasized that difficulties were encountered in occupational health and safety implementation areas and the empowering role of professionals in the management of the process was emphasized. The disruption of routine OHS practices as a negative impact of the pandemic and the increase in OHS awareness as a positive impact were the most emphasized issues. Conclusion: The highest precaution taken in workplaces was the use of masks. In in-depth interviews, almost all participants emphasized the difficulties encountered in occupational health and safety practices, the supportive role of professionals in the process, and the many positive and negative effects of the pandemic on practices.

Keywords: COVID-19; pandemics; occupational health; occupational safety
How Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies are Redefining Immunity to Influenza
Authors: Steventon Rebecca , Stolle Lucas , Thompson Craig
Published: October 2024

Recent avian influenza outbreaks have heightened global concern over viral threats with the potential to significantly impact human health. Influenza is particularly alarming due to its history of causing pandemics and zoonotic reservoirs. In response, significant progress has been made toward the development of universal influenza vaccines, largely driven by the discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). bnAbs have the potential to neutralize a broad range of influenza viruses, extending beyond the traditional strain-specific response. This could lead to longer-lasting immunity, reducing the need for seasonal vaccinations, and improve preparedness for future pandemics. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of these antibodies, their application in clinical studies, and both their potential and possible shortcomings in managing future influenza outbreaks.
Strengthening Inclusive Local Participation Through Decentralized Party Organization: Insights from Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) And All Progressive Congress (APC), 2015 –2023
Authors: Nwobu Geoffrey , Nwanegbo Chukwuemeka , Onu Godwin
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the relationship between decentralized party organization and inclusive local participation in decision-making processes within Nigeria's two leading political parties: the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and the All Progressives Congress (APC), from 2015–2023. The study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to select 400 respondents, including national and local party leaders, assembly members, and grassroots members from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A total of 384 valid responses were retrieved, yielding a 96% response rate. Data was collected through questionnaires administered via Google Forms, and distributed through email and social media platforms, particularly WhatsApp. Regression and correlation analyses reveal a significant positive relationship between decentralized party structures and inclusive local participation (r = 0.820, p < 0.05), with decentralized frameworks explaining 67.2% of the variance in inclusive local participation (R² = 0.672). However, regional disparities in the implementation of decentralization present challenges to its uniform effectiveness. This study emphasizes the importance of standardizing decentralization policies to enhance local decision-making, promote inclusiveness, and strengthen party institutionalization. The findings offer valuable insights for party leaders, policymakers, and researchers on how decentralization can promote internal democracy and foster stability within political parties.
Restoration of Sestrin 3 Expression Mitigates Cardiac Oxidative Damage in the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model
Authors: Park Mina , Cho Sunghye , Jeong Dongtak
Published: October 2024

Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when blood flow is restored to the myocardium after a period of ischemia, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent myocardial cell damage, primarily due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our previous research, we identified that miR-25 is significantly overexpressed in pressure overload-induced heart failure, and its inhibition improves cardiac function by restoring the expression of SERCA2a, a key protein involved in calcium regulation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-25 in the context of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
We found that miR-25 was markedly upregulated under hypoxic conditions in both in vitro and in vivo models. Through in silico analysis, we identified Sestrin3 (SESN3), an antioxidant protein known for its protective effects against oxidative stress, as a novel target of miR-25. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that inhibiting miR-25 would restore Sestrin3 expression, thereby reducing ROS-induced myocardial cell damage and improving cardiac function.
To test this hypothesis, we employed two model systems: a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) stress model using H9c2 myoblasts and a surgically induced ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model. Our results demonstrated that the use of miR-25 inhibitors significantly improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial damage in both models through the restoration of SESN3 expression.
In conclusion, our findings suggest that targeting miR-25 may serve as a novel therapeutic modality to alleviate oxidative damage in the heart.
A Mathematically Derived Unified Theoretical Framework Covering Special Relativity as a Special Case - “Asymmetry Theory"
Authors: Chen Qian
Published: October 2024

We mathematically derived a comprehensive theoretic framework “Asymmetry Theory”, based solely on the well-established principle of “the constancy of the velocity of light” without any other assumptions, like the ether. This paper proves that Asymmetry Theory encompasses all results of Special Relativity (STR) as a special case when the observer moves perpendicularly to the “source-observer” line. It explains everything STR does but extends beyond it, offering novel and groundbreaking insights. The longstanding controversies surrounding STR arise from its application outside its intended special case, hence, they are all resolved in Asymmetry Theory. Asymmetry Theory is supported by all experiments supporting STR, like Kaufmann, Ives-Stilwell, muon lifetime, nuclear reaction…., and those contradicting STR, like the Lunar range and GPS tests of light speed and the lack of transverse Doppler shift. Despite its mathematical rigorousness and all experimental evidence, we propose two new experiments to decisively test predictions from both theories.The mathematically derived Asymmetry Theory is a more comprehensive theoretical framework covering STR as a special case. It is self-consistent and theoretically proved by Maxwell’s equations. It does not contradict any established physical observations but instead resolves century-old controversies by providing a unified, mathematical and paradox-free explanation of key phenomena. Furthermore, its groundbreaking results offer a unified perspective across various distinct laws of physics, including: A formula for light velocity mathematically explains the Sagnac effect, one-way light speed, stellar aberration, Michelson-Morley, Hafele-Keating and Optic clocks. Electrodynamics formulas encompass particle acceleration, Mass-Energy and matter wave. A unified formula for all cases of classical and transverse Doppler effects covers time-varying Doppler effect, cosmological redshift, and Cherenkov radiation. A generalized form of Maxwell's equations for moving observers directly derives the formulas for light speed, Doppler effect and Sagnac effect.
Ethnobotanical Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used For Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Algeria: Application of Multivariate Approach
Authors: Bouzabata Amel , Bouzabata Leila , Elsharkawy Eman Ramadan , Ashour Mohamed L. , Guebli Aya , Grabsia Aya , Bouslama Zihad , Cordell Geoffrey A.
Published: October 2024

Algeria ranks second after Afghanistan for the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide. As a result, it is critical to expand the traditional knowledge. Interviews were conducted with 21 herbalists in Annaba and El-Tarf provinces including 26 variables. The multiple correspondence analysis and the hierarchical clustering analysis were applied using the FactoMineR package. Nineteen species were reported and derived from thirteen plant families. Among them, the most important families were the Lamiaceae with five species. According to the Relative Frequency Citation value, the most famous species are the aerial parts of Teucrium polium L. (57.14%). Secondly, a data matrix for the species generated showed higher contribution values in the first dimension for the lack of the topical administration form, the presence of preparation’s mode by decoction and cataplasm, and the association of medicinal plants specifically with olive oil and honey, respectively. The analysis of the first dimension demonstrates a high association for three variables: Ta_F, Oa_F, and Dec_MP, with correlation ratios η2 of 6.261E-01, 5.501E-01, and 4.772E-01 (p<0.05), respectively. Finally, the cluster analysis of species identified three clusters discriminated by the administration form per os with a p-value of 7.49E-05 (p<0.05).