bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profil Visual Thinking Siswa Kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Diharto Diharto , Handayanto Agung , Nugroho Aryo Andri
Published: April 2021

Visual thinking merupakan bagian penting dalam berpikir matematis. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian yang mengungkap profil visual thinking siswa dalam memecahkan masalah matematika.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil visual thinking siswa kelas X sekolah menengah atas dalam memecahkan masalah matematika.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di SMA Al-Azhar 15 Semarang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik tes tertulis dan wawancara. Analisis dilakukan bersadarkan data hasil tes tertulis dan hasil wawancara. Selanjutnya dilakukan triangulasi waktu untuk mendapatkan data penelitian subjek yang valid.Berdasarkan hasil analsis data subjek diperoleh, subjek yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah tinggi dapat menjalankan aktivitas visual thinking, yaitu sedikit lemah di bagian looking dan kuat di bagian seeing, imagining, showing and telling. Subjek yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah sedang dapat menjalankan aktivitas visual thinking, yaitu kuat di bagian looking, seeing, imagining, dan sedikit lemah di bagian showing and telling. Adapun subjek yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah rendah dapat menjalankan aktivitas visual thinking, yaitu kuat di bagian looking dan lemah di bagian seeing, imagining, dan showing and telling. Ketiganya tidak mengalami perubahan aktivitas saat menyelesaikan masalah pada waktu yang berbeda.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) Melalui Pendekatan Saintifik dan Open-Ended Terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Khasanah Iva , Supandi Supandi , Kartinah Kartinah
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dengan pendekatan saintifik dan open-ended terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Randublatung Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling terpilih sampel yaitu kelas VII A sebagai kelas eksperimen 1, kelas VII B sebagai kelas eksperimen 2, dan kelas VII C sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen TTW dengan pendekatan saintifik, TTW dengan pendekatan Open-ended, dan kontrol (2) kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen TTW dengan pendekatan saintifik lebih baik daripada kelas konvensional (3) kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen TTW dengan pendekatan Open-ended lebih baik daripada kelas konvensional (4) tidak ada perbedaan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa dengan TTW dengan pendekatan saintifik dan TTW dengan pendekatan Open-ended (5) ada pengaruh keaktifan terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen TTW dengan pendekatan saintifik (6) ada pengaruh keaktifan terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas eksperimen TTW dengan pendekatan Open-ended (7) kemampuan representasi siswa kelas eksperimen TTW dengan pendekatan saintifik dan eksperimen TTW dengan pendekatan Open-ended mencapai KKM. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Think Talk Wrtite (TTW) dengan pendekatan Saintifik dan Open-ended lebih baik daripada pembelajaran konvensional.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Meinalufi Yuyun , Supandi Supandi , Harun Lukman
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Quasi Experimental Design dengan Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Ma’had Islam Semarang tahun 2020/2021. Melalui simple random sampling terpilih sampel yaitu kelas VIII B sebagai  kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII A sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Pembelajaran menggunakan model Think Pair Share (TPS) berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa, (2) Ketuntasan belajar siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, (3) Prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional, (4) Pengaruh model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) adalah sebesar 35,5%, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang lain, (5) Ketuntasan belajar siswa yang mendapatkan model Think Pair Share (TPS) dengan pendekatan M-APOS lebih dari 85%, (6) Pembelajaran menggunakan model Think Pair Share (TPS) mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika siswa.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) dan Think Pair Share (TPS) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Berbantu Question Card
Authors: Indriyani Nida Naufi , Prasetyowati Dina , Supandi Supandi
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dan Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa berbantu Question Card. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling diperoleh tiga kelas yaitu VIIC sebagai kelas eksperimen I, VIIB sebagai kelas eksperimen II dan VIIA sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik mengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) berbantu Question Card,  Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantu Question Card dan kelas konvensional; (2) kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) berbantu Question Card  lebih baik dari kelas yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran konvensional; (3) kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantu Question Card  lebih baik dari kelas yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran konvensional; (4) kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) berbantu Question Card lebih baik dari pada model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantu Question Card; (5) kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dan Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantu Question Card mencapai ketuntasan secara individu maupun klasikal; (6) terdapat pengaruh keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) dan Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantu Question Card terhadap nilai kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa.
Proses Berpikir Siswa Smk Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika ditinjau Dari Gaya Kognitif Field Independent dan Field Dependent
Authors: Janah Siti Nur , Rasiman Rasiman , Handayanto Agung
Published: April 2021

Perbedaan proses berpikir siswa dalam memecahkan masalah matematika, yaitu terkait dengan penerapan konsep dalam memecahkan masalah matematika. Gaya kognitif dibagi menjadi dua yaitu gaya kognitif field independent (FI) dan field dependent (FD). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir siswa SMK dalam memecahkan masalah matamatika ditinjau dari gaya kognitif field independent dan field dependent. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitiannya yaitu siswa kelas IX TKJ 3 SMK Syafi’i Akrom Pekalongan yang terdiri dari 2 siswa, satu siswa dengan gaya kognitif field independent dan satu siswa dengan gaya kognitif field dependent. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes GEFT untuk menentukan subjek, tes pemecahan masalah untuk mengukur proses berpikir dalam memecahkan masalah matematika dan wawancara merupakan kegiatan tanya jawab untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian ini adalah siswa dengan gaya kognitif field independent memenuhi semua indikatoranatara lain dalam tahap memahami masalah, tahap melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dan tahap mengecek kembali melakukan proses asimilasii sedangkan untuk tahap merencankan penyelesaian masalah menggunakan proses asimilasi dan akomodasi.  Sedangkan siswa dengan gaya kognitif field dependent dalam tahap memahami masalah melakukan proses asimilasi, tahap rencana penyelesaian melakukan proses akomodasi, tahap melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian melakukan proses asimilasi dan tahap melihat kembali tidak melakukan proses asimilasi dan akomodasi.
Pengoptimalan Jumlah Produksi Roti Menggunakan Metode Branch and Bound
Authors: Syafitri Dwi Nurhafifah , Kamid Kamid , Rarasati Niken
Published: April 2021

Secara umum, bisnis bertujuan untuk memperoleh keuntungan dari kegiatan bisnis tersebut. Untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari suatu bisnis, perlu adanya perencanaan jumlah produksi yang optimal pada masing-masing jenis produk agar suatu bisnis mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimum. Perencanaan produksi pada Toko Roti Tungkal Ani Hanim masih belum menghasilkan keuntungan yang optimal, karena masih terdapat kelebihan dan kekurangan produksi. Dalam menentukan jumlah produk yang harus di produksi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal dengan memperhitungkan faktor-faktor seperti harga bahan baku, harga produk dan jumlah persediaan bahan baku. Selain menggunakan pendekatan linear programming, pada penelitian ini juga digunakan pendekatan Program linier bilangan bulat atau Integer Linear Programming. Metode Branch and Bound digunakan untuk mengetahui jumlah produksi roti berupa bilangan integer yang optimal agar mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimal. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa jumlah produksi optimal adalah 2528 loyang roti tungkal coklat, 255 loyang roti tungkal keju, 375 loyang roti tungkal kacang coklat, 1980 loyang roti tungkal kelapa, 1250 loyang roti tungkal srikaya, 980 loyang roti tungkal kacang hijau, 142 loyang roti tungkal durian dan 80 loyang roti tungkal kacang merah. Sehinggga Toko Roti Tungkal Ani Hanim akan mendapatkan keuntungan sebesar Rp42.770.200. Hasil keuntungan tersebut lebih optimal dibandingkan jumlah produksi yang diterapkan oleh Toko Roti Tungkal Ani Hanim. Keuntungan yang didapatkan akan meningkat sebesar Rp468.200 atau sebesar 1,11% untuk setiap bulannya.
Kardiyak Olay Kaydedici ve Telemetri Sistemi için Yeni Bir Bileklik Tasarımı
Authors: BİLGİN Gürkan , OKTAY Mustafa , BİLGİN Süleyman
Published: April 2021

Gerçekleştirilen sistem sayesinde kalp rahatsızlığı olan kişilerin veya kalp rahatsızlığı olma ihtimali olan kişilerin takibi ve teşhisinin konulmasına yardımcı bir telemetri sistem geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilen çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu bölümler sırasıyla kablosuz EKG (Elektrokardiyogram) alıcı tasarımı, Android ara yüz tasarımı ve bilgisayar ara yüzü tasarımlarıdır. Bu çalışmada vücuda yerleştirilen elektrotlar aracılığı ile alınan sinyaller yükseltip filtrelendikten sonra işlenebilir analog bir sinyale dönüştürülmüştür. Mikroişlemci yardımıyla dijitale dönüştürülen sinyal Bluetooth modülüne gönderilerek kablosuz veri iletimi sağlanmıştır. Android ara yüzü tasarımı ile kablosuz EKG alıcı devresi arasında Bluetooth bağlantısı sağlanarak EKG kayıt sistemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kayıt işleminin sonunda veriler hasta bilgileriyle birlikte hekim E-mail adresine yönlendirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bilgisayar ara yüzü ile ise hekim E-mailleri otomatik kontrolü sağlanmıştır. Yeni gelen E-mailin algılanması ile hasta bilgileri ve EKG dosyası bilgisayara kaydedilip hasta EKG grafiği çizdirilmiştir.
Kutadgu Bilig'de Tespit Edilen Bazı Duygu Fiilleri
Authors: SOYDAN Serpil , ÖZKAN Aslı
Published: April 2021

Mutluluk veren bilgi anlamına gelen, 6645 beyitten oluşan Kutadgu Bilig, mesnevi türüne örnek teşkil eden önemli bir eseridir. Bu eser, insana her iki dünyada kutlu olma yolunu göstermek amacıyla yazılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, bir ahlâk, öğüt kitabı olan Kutadgu Bilig’deki mental fiillerden duygu fiilleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mental fiiller, anlambilim temeline dayalı olarak incelenmektedir. Anlambilim, dilde kodlanmış anlamlarla ilgilenmektedir. Mental fiillerden durum ifade eden duygu fiilleri beş başlık altında değerlendirilmiştir. Toplamda otuz bir fiil tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen bu fiillerin tarihî dönemlere ait sözlüklerde tanıklanıp tanıklanmadığı incelenmiştir. Bu fiillerin tasnifi ve sayısal verileri şöyledir: 1)Dilek ve istek ifade eden 17 fiil tespit edilmiştir. Kök hâlinde olan:1, Gövde hâlinde olan: 8, Birleşik fiiller: 8, 2) Mutluluk ve birliktelik ifade eden 8 fiil tespit edilmiştir. Bu fiiller şöyledir: Gövde hâlinde: 7, Birleşik fiiller: isim + yrd. eylemle oluş. bir. f. 1, 3) Coşku ve neşe ifade eden 4 fiil tespit edilmiştir. Bu fiillerin tasnifi ve sayısal verileri şöyledir: Kök hâlinde olan: 1, Gövde halinde olan: 3. 4) Saygı ve hürmet ifade eden kök hâlinde bir (1) fiil, 5) Öfke ve nefret ifade eden kök hâlinde bir (1) fiil tespit edilmiştir.
Yanlış Cennetin Kuşları’nda Göçmen Türklerin Açmazları
Authors: ALÇİÇEK Pınar
Published: April 2021

Türklerin yurt dışına göçü, 1960’lı yıllarda artmaya başlar. 1961’de Türkiye ile Almanya arasında imzalanan iş gücü anlaşması, Almanya’da günümüze kadar devam eden bir göçmen kuşağı yaratır. Türkiye’deki askerî darbe dönemleri de aydın kesimin ve politik kişilerin yurt dışına göçünü tetikler. Bu kişilerden biri olan Güney Dal, 1972’de Almanya’ya yerleşir. Dal, göçmen bir aydın yazar olarak eserlerinde göçü ele alır. Yazarın Yanlış Cennetin Kuşları adlı öykü kitabı, farklı göçmen kesimlerin hayatlarına tanıklık etmemizi sağlar. Eserdeki öyküler; yazarın geniş bakış açısının, gözlemlerinin ve deneyimlerinin ürünüdür. Bu çalışmada, eserdeki Türklerin Almanya’ya göç etme nedenleri, orada çalıştıkları işler, yaşadıkları zorluklar, memleket özlemleri, yalnızlık duyguları üzerinde durulmuş; Almanlar ve Türkler için yabancı imgesinin nasıl derinleştiği incelenmiştir. Almanya’da uzun süre yaşayan Türklerin kimliklerine ve değerlerine yabancılaşma süreçleri de dikkate alınmış ve yabancılaşmanın, göçmenler için kaçınılmaz bir sonuç olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Privacy of electronic health records: a review of the literature
Authors: Gariépy-Saper Katherine , Decarie Nicholas
Published: April 2021

Privacy in the context of electronic health records (EHR) is an incredibly complex and multi-faceted topic within the LIS field. We selected twenty-five articles published over the past fifteen years, which explore this topic from the perspectives of patients, doctors, medical librarians, informatics experts, and archivists. We identified themes that appeared consistently across the literature, as well as issues that differed across healthcare systems with varying levels of IT infrastructure. Significant changes have also taken place over time, especially with the development of technologies meant to protect privacy and make the widespread use of EHR possible. However, despite technological advances, many of the same problems of privacy ethics remain. Diverging opinions exist in the literature regarding how, and if, EHR systems should be established in light of these unresolved issues.
CHLA Standards for Library and Information Services in Canadian Health & Social Services Institutions 2020
Authors: Frati Francesca , Oja Lori Anne , Kleinberg Julia
Published: April 2021

The following standards, with supporting evidence, are intended to serve as a guide to structuring minimum library services within health and social services institutions across all Canadian provinces and territories. The Standards are not intended to be aspirational. The aim of the Canada Health Libraries Association (CHLA) Task Force was to ensure that the Standards update would not be so removed from the current realities and landscape that they became unattainable to many libraries. For this reason, some Standards outline requirements that are essential to the minimum function of the library, and other Standards provide recommendations only. The intended use of the Standards is to set a baseline for the provision of essential library services and resources and aid in advocating for adequate resources. It is important to note, however, that the CHLA Task Force does not intend for the Standards to prevent libraries from reaching a more advanced level of service, and we hope that in their current form they will not be a hindrance to excellence or innovation.
Anomalous constants of three-boson vertices in the process of pair production of W±-bosons in proton collisions at CMS LHC
Authors: Andreev V. V.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we obtained the expected constraints on the anomalous CP-even constants of three-boson interactions on the basis of cross-section for the pair production of W+-bosons in proton-proton collisions. The constraints were obtained for luminosity and the kinematic constraints on the final states typical for the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at =13 s TeV. One-dimensional and two-dimensional regions of constraints for the anomalous parameters of three-boson interactions were calculated. When calculating the cross-section, the usual approximations of small quark masses and values of the CKM matrix elements were not used. The expected values of the anomalous constants are almost an order of magnitude less than the constraints found at the LEP collider at = 200 s GeV in the reaction e–e+ → W–W+.
Мeson resonances in the relativistic quark model
Authors: Sergeenko М. N.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the relativistic quark model is developed for the study of mesons and resonances as quasi-bound quark states. A classic analogue of the spinless Salpeter equation is analyzed. It is shown that the potential for a conservative isolated two-particle system is the Lorentz-scalar function of the distance between quarks and can be included into the particle mass, which leads to the position-dependent quark mass. The funnel-type potential is modified with taking into account the dependence of the strong coupling αS on the distance. The concept of free motion of particles in a bound state is developed. The eigenvalue problem for the bound state is defined by the relativistic quasiclassical wave equation for the scalar potential. Two exact asymptotic solutions of the equation for the Coulomb and linear parts of the potential are obtained analytically; on this basis, the complex-mass formula for mesons and resonances is written. The efficiency of the model is demonstrated by comparison of the calculation results with the data for the masses of ρ and D mesons.
Radiation instability of a relativistic electron beam moving in a split resonator
Authors: Anishchenko S. V. , Baryshevsky V. G. , Maroz I. V. , Rouba А. А.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we considered the radiation instability in a split asymmetric resonator for the relativistic case assuming the space charge of the beam. In the small-signal approximation,  expressions for the energy loss by a particle passing through the resonator and for the beam current modulation are obtained. Based on analytical and numerical calculations, it is shown that the symmetric configuration provides the highest growth rate of instability. It is found that with the increase of the initial electron energy, the modulation of the beam current as well as the efficiency of the energy transfer from particles to the electromagnetic field decrease. The increase of the beam density has a positive effect on the radiation instability. The results obtained have to be taken into account when developing generators of electromagnetic radiation or a system for modulating the beam current based on a split resonator.
Reduced anisotropic unitary Whitehead groups of henselian division algebras with special residue fields of their centers
Authors: Yanchevskii V. I.
Published: April 2021

The reduced anisotropic unitary Whitehead groups of henselian division algebras with unitary involutions are computed in the cases where the centers of residue algebras are of special types.
Optimization of the thermal regime of the insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen
Authors: Ekhilevskiy S. G. , Potapenko E. P.
Published: April 2021

It is proved that the main prospects for improving the insulating means of respiratory protection are related to the chemical method of oxygen reservation. To increase the efficiency of its use, it is necessary to use the resource of the dead layer of the chemosorbent and prevent the sintering of the granules of the oxygen-containing product under the action of exothermic heat. This is achieved by faster pulsed passage of exhaled air through the frontal layers of the chemosorbent and its slow filtration through the rest of the regenerative cartridge. To evaluate the effectiveness of such a technical solution, a mathematical model of air regeneration in an insulating breathing apparatus with an uneven rate of exhalation filtration through a regenerative cartridge is constructed. The dependencies on the time and coordinate of the concentration of CO2 molecules in the air stream and the share of the use of the protective resource of the regenerative cartridge are obtained. Using numerical experiments, the optimal coordinate of the air flow filtration rate jump was determined to prevent sintering of the granules. Depending on the amount of pressure damping on exhalation and inspiration for the RHS respirator, an increase in the protective effect of the device was determined and a decrease in the power of exothermic heat sources in the frontal layers of the oxygen-containing product was calculated. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the considered improvements of the design, which make it possible to increase the reliability of insulating breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen and to increase the efficiency of using their protective resource.
Functional configuration of intelligent system: serial data scaling in its paths
Authors: Gulay A. V. , Zaitsev V. M.
Published: April 2021

Problems of architectural and functional construction and a heterogeneous network structure of intelligent control system of technological and industrious assignment have been considered. Complex research of the intelligent system is based on the modern paradigm of convergence of technical, algorithmic and software solutions. The concept of convergence of system solutions in the technology of construction of intelligent systems presupposes digitizing of physical values at sensor measurements, as well as uniform depiction and successive conversion of values of each controlled parameter with a certain set of scales. For solution of this task a functionally full set of scales; natural values of measured physical parameters; results of sensor conversions of physical values; results of parameters measurement in the format of integer valued binary codes; parameter values in the format of real scaled binary numbers were proposed. Unified algorithms of digitizing results of direct measurements of continuous parameters and their representation in the format of ρ-bit integer valued binary codes, as well as conversions of measured parameters in the format of real scaled binary numbers and their depiction in the scale of natural values of physical parameters were built with this set of scales. Operations with digitized physical parameters were specified in tracts of the intelligent system: calibration of results of indirect measurements; digitizing of discrete sensor signals; digital filtration of measurement results; adjustment of measuring tracts; intellect control of executive mechanisms. The consequence of application of convergence provisions is similarity of morphological construction, as well as schematic uniformity of implementation of information processes and cycles of control in the systems. The results of analysis of the functional construction of the intelligent system may be used, for example, for construction of hybrid systems of industrial automation.
Experience and prospects of use of structural steels for nitridated gears
Authors: Vityaz P. A. , Moiseenko V. I. , Sidorenko A. G. , Sotnikov M. V. , Shkatulo N. D. , Haritonchik D. I.
Published: April 2021

The experience of using known and new steels to improve the manufacturability and strength of the main parts of machines, hardened by nitriding, is generalized. New approaches to manufacture of gear wheels hardened by nitriding, both when using aluminum-containing steels and a new material, steel 40ХМФА, are considered. To improve the efficiency and man ufacturability of parts production from aluminum-containing steel 38Х2МЮА, widely used in mechanical engineering, a fundamentally new technology of preliminary heat treatment of workpieces of parts – “incomplete hardening” has been developed, which provides both an increase in the machinability and accuracy of large-sized gear wheels, and an increase in strength due to the elimination of the brittleness of nitrided layer. The high hardness of the nitrided surface of the parts – up to 900 HV – also ensures high wear resistance of the parts. Gear wheels made of new aluminum-containing steel 20ХН4МФЮА solidified at the nitriding stage, have strength characteristics equal to cemented parts, which allows not only increasing the bearing capacity of a number of products, but significant simplification of the technology of manufacturing precise parts that are complex in shape, replacing carburizing with nitriding, thereby eliminating the necessary after-carburizing finishing operation – grinding. Steel 40ХМФА, which does not contain aluminum, has increased heat resistance, hardenability and machinability of parts, as well as the characteristics of their hardened layer. The nitrided layer of gears 0.5–0.7 mm thick does not contain brittle components, which, with a core hardness of 300–320 HB, excludes its “flaking” and subsequent destruction of parts. The use of 40ХМФА steel makes it possible to solve the problems of reliability and service life of large-sized nitrided gears, but it is also promising for the entire range of gears with internal gearing, as well as parts of movable spline gearings. These characteristics also in some cases allow replacing the carburizing of gears (modulus less than 4 mm) by nitriding when using 40ХМФА steel.
Heat and mass transfer in the blasted layer of vegetable materials with cyclic microwave power supply
Authors: Akulich P. V. , Slizhuk D. S.
Published: April 2021

The results of modeling and experimental study of heat and mass transfer in a dense blown layer of plant materials under cyclic microwave exposure are presented. The two-dimensional mathematical model consists of the equations of conservation of the mass of the gas phase, filtration, heat and mass transfer in phases, which take into account the internal resistance to heat and moisture transfer in the particles when determining the heat and mass transfer coefficients. In this case, the dependences of the heat of the phase transition on the humidity of the particles, their shrinkage during dehydration, and the dependences of the effective coefficients of thermal conductivity of the gas and vapor diffusion on the filtration rate are taken into account. The simulation results of drying chopped potatoes in a dense layer with a cyclic microwave convective energy supply are presented. The possibility of intensifying the process of moisture dehydration and reducing its duration compared with the convective method is shown. Comparison of calculated data with experimental data confirms the adequacy of the model.
Formation of colloidal solutions of silicon nanoparticles in ethyl alcohol with ultra-short laser pulses
Authors: Laskovnev A. P. , Markevich M. I. , Malyshko A. N. , Zhuravleva V. I. , Chaplanov A. M.
Published: April 2021

The study of surface morphology of a silicon target after laser exposure, the formation and study of nanoparticles, obtained by laser ablation by ultrashort infrared pulses, were conducted. The material was processed using a yttrium aluminum garnet laser (LS-2134D) with a wavelength of 1064 nm, generating in a two-pulse mode (pulses are separated by a time interval of 3 μs, pulse duration is 10 ns, pulse repetition rate is 10 Hz, single pulse energy ~ 0.05 J). Alcohol solutions of silicon nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation. It is shown that an ensemble of particles of different sizes (from 20 nm to 2.5 μm) is formed, which have no faceting. Using the method of scanning electron microscopy, the features of the morphology of the surface of the crater of polycrystalline silicon, which is in ethyl alcohol during pulsed laser processing in the double pulse mode, have been established. It is shown that the structure of the crater consists of silicon grains separated from each other by grooves; the material evaporates along the grain boundaries, and wide thermal etching grooves are formed. These results can be used to create solar cells.
Obtaining of high porous carbon material using thermochemical conversion of wood biomass under pressure
Authors: Vasilevich S. V. , Malko M. V. , Degterov D. V. , Asadchyi A. N.
Published: April 2021

A method is presented for obtaining activated carbons (highly porous carbon materials) based on plant (wood) raw materials using a developed and manufactured experimental setup, consisting of a steam generator, a superheater, a pyrolysis and activation chamber and a cooler with a heat exchanger with forced convection. The analysis of the features of chemical and physical activation of charcoal, obtained by pyrolysis of wood raw materials, is carried out, and a conclusion is made about the advantage of physical activation, based on the use of water vapor as an activating agent. A description of the results of experimental studies carried out using the developed installation is given. These results confirm the conclusions of other studies that excessive pressure increases the mass yield of solid products formed during the thermochemical conversion of plant biomass. It was found that an increase in pressure, at which pyrolysis occurs, leads to an increase in the carbon content in charcoal. So, with an increase in pressure at which pyrolysis was carried out, from 1 to 8 atm, the carbon content in charcoal increased from 88.3 to 93.7 wt.%. Data on the efficiency of physical activation of solid products of pyrolysis of woody biomass using water vapor are presented and a conclusion is made that this direction is promising in the development of the foundations for the production of highly porous carbon materials.
The impact of the surgical mask on the relationship between patient and family nurse in primary care
Authors: Ana Raquel Braga , Irene P Carvalho
Published: April 2021

Objective: In primary care, during treatments, nurses may need to wear surgical masks, namely for control of infection contamination, or to minimize unpleasant odors. The goal of this study is to inspect the effect of nurses wearing the mask on patient perception of the nurse-patient relation. Methods: A pre-post-test, control-experimental group design was employed with 60 patients treated in family health units. Patients responded to the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire III (PSQ-III) regarding nurses’ communication, interpersonal manner, technical quality, as well regarding general satisfaction with the encounter. An additional question asked both patients and nurses how long they felt that the visit lasted. Results: Results show that nurses wearing the surgical mask had significantly negative effects in all dimensions of PSQ-III and increased the perceived visit duration among both nurses and patients. Conclusion: When a previous relationship exists, nurses wearing the surgical mask in primary care in Portugal negatively affects patient satisfaction with both the patient-nurse relation and the nurses’ technical quality. Practice implications: Is important the nurse understand this impact to discuss with the colleagues the best strategy to minimize the negative impact to the patient- family nurse relation and manager this situation in the best way to the patient.
Fluorinated nematicides: Novel classes in the way
Authors: Mohamed S Khalil , Rasha E Selim
Published: April 2021

The demand on non- fumigant nematicides was strongly increased in the last few years, and this interesting in nematicides are due to farmers are needed for safer pesticides and increasing of the regulatory pressure on many of the traditional nematicides. The control of plant parasitic nematodes with synthetic nematicides is the most widespread and preferred method, but not always effective enough. The most of synthetic nematicides especially non-fumigants are high toxic to non-target organisms. Thus, Novel non-fumigant nematicides were appeared as alternatives. The group of trifluoromethyl contains both fluensulfone and fluopyram which are different in mode of action than traditional nematicides as organophosphate and carbamate. Meanwhile, results indicated that fluensulfone and fluopyram are promising nematicides. These new nematicides are very different from traditional nematicides; they are more selective, less toxic and safer to use.
An experimental study on effects of fluoridated water on Abelmoschus esculentus var. Soh-198 (Lady Finger)
Authors: Arshi Iram
Published: April 2021

An experimental study of fluoride (F) accumulation in Abelmoschus esculentus var. Soh-198 and its effect on the growth and crop yield was conducted in a pot experiment. Eight different concentrations of F in the water were used for irrigation ranging from 2 to 14 ppm with distilled water as the control. Potentiometric determinations of the F content in different parts of the plant were made 45, 60, and 120 days after sowing the seeds (first, second, and third harvest, respectively). At the third harvest the highest mean plant part concentrations of F were recorded with 14 ppm F in the irrigation water: 9.0638 mg/kg in the roots, 5.6896 mg/kg in shoot, 4.5348 mg/kg in leaf and 3.563 mg/kg in fruit.
Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Two Different Extracts from Que Zui Tea in Rats
Authors: Wang Yongpeng , Njateng Guy Sedar Singor , Zhao Tianrui , Yang Meilian , Wang Yifen , Cao Jianxin , Liu Yaping , Cheng Guiguang
Published: April 2021

The buds of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight (VD) are widely used in Yunnan as herbal tea [Que Zui Tea (QT)] and herb. However, the security and toxicity of QT have not been determined yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute and subacute‐toxicity of hot water (QTW) and aqueous‐ethanol (QTE) extracts of QT. Acute‐toxicity studies of QTW and QTE revealed no signs of related to treatment, indicating that median‐lethal‐dose (LD50) values of QTW and QTE is surpass 5000 mg/kg. The results of subacute‐toxicity studies of QTW and QTE showed no significant side reaction of all doses the two extracts. The levels of Lymphocyte (LYM) and percentage of lymphocytes (LYM%) significantly decreased, and percentage of granulocytes (GRA%) increased in rats that received these two extracts at doses greater than 1250 mg/kg/day. However, the 1250 and 2500 mg/kg/day QTW and QTE did not trigger any pathological changes in body weight or organ tissue, so partial changes in blood parameters were considered as minor symptoms. Therefore, the present results demonstrated that the two extracts are safe at 2500 mg/kg/day or at lower doses.
Allium sativum, a potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine for better health
Authors: Bhushan R. Gudalwar  , Minakshee G. Nimbalwar  , Wrushali A. Panchale  , Ashish B. Wadekar  , Jagdish V. Manwar  , Ravindra L. Bakal
Published: April 2021

Allium sativum, is a perennial flowering bulb which has been consumed worldwide as a functional food and known from thousands of years for its medicinal and culinary properties. Therapeutic potential of garlic is attributed to presence of its vital phytoconstituents. In present review, a complete therapeutic profile of drug is summarized by discussing its potential benefits highlighting the bioactive constituents. Phytoconstituents of crude drugs are used as antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, etc. Thus, it could conclude that garlic is one of the superior natural sources of bioactive compounds and has promising applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals to improve health, and to prevent chronic diseases in the human.
Pen cap in the urinary bladder: A rare type foreign body in the urinary bladder in a 16 years old female
Authors: Tilaneh Leyeh Demilow  , Bartholomeo Nicholaus Ngowi  , Jasper Saidi Mbwambo  , Frank Bright  , Frank Kiwango  , Alfred K Mteta  , Orgeness Jasper Mbwambo
Published: April 2021

Foreign body in the urinary bladder is a rare urological presentation and in most cases are due to self-insertion usually for autoerotic stimulation. We presented a case of 16 years old female who presented with history recurrent urinary tract infection for 6 months. After thoroughly work up she was diagnosed to have a pen cap in her urinary bladder. The foreign body in the urinary bladder was detected by abdominal ultrasound, Kidney, Ureter and Bladder (KUB) X-ray did not detect any abnormal radiopaque material in the area of the urinary bladder or upper tract. At cystoscopy, one pen cap was identified and removed successful.
Characteristics of psychoactive substances consumption among students of first and fifth year of Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University
Authors: Ćatović Amra  , Krunoslava Gudelj
Published: April 2021

A psychoactive or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system, altering mental processes, e.g., cognition or affect. Their use can lead to addiction, so in common language ‘substance abuse’ implicate dependence-producing effect. In general, initiation to substance use happen during adolescence and early adulthood. The aim of this study was determining the pattern of psychoactive substance consumption among students at Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University. A cross-sectional study was conducted during May 2019 at Faculty of Medicine of Sarajevo University. The survey covered 102 students, who attended first and fifth year of study. The research instrument was a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Results were expressed as percentages and means ± standard deviation. During statistical analysis we performed Chi-squared and the bivariate testes. A sample included 102 students, of which 66 (64.7%) were female and 36 (35.3%) were male, while 52 (51.0%) attended first year and 50 (49.0%) attended fifth year. The majority of students (91.2%) had consumed caffeine. Consumption of cigarettes reported 63.7% of students, and consumption of alcohol reported 60.8% of students. Statistically significant differences in consumption of alcohol (P<0.0005), THC (P<0.0005), cocaine (P=0.001), and amphetamine (P=0.017) were found between gender. Statistically significant differences in consumption of cigarettes (P=0.034), caffeine (P=0.017), alcohol (P=0.007), THC (P<0.0005), and sedatives (P=0.003) were found between two study group. The use of psychotropic substances in youth represents a serious public health problem. Students should implement their knowledge, not only in their practice environment, but in everyday life.
CT scan pitfalls and angiography’s role in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: A case report
Authors: Prasetyo Sarwono Putro  , Meutia Apriani  , Muchtar Hanafi  , Vania Puspitasari
Published: April 2021

Diagnosis to treatment of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) required a multidisciplinary approach. CT scan works by combining multi-slice imaging from a device that rotates around the object. The potential of missing certain parts in the scanning process can occur. Angiography was the option to cover the CT scan pitfalls. In this case, we discussed CT scan pitfalls that can be overcome by angiography through JNA case report by showing clearer picture of the JNA and its feeding artery. 14 years old child complained of nasal congestion. On physical examination, the lesion expanded the anterior side of nasal cavity. The patient underwent a synonasal CT scan without contrast. It was obtained a heterogeneous solid mass in the nasopharynx extending to the concha and right and left maxillary sinuses. However, until the preparation of angiography, the actual size of the tumor, as well as the entire vasculature, is not yet known. The angiographic features suggested that the right side (seen in the right maxillary artery) was more dominant than the left side. However, both the right and the left finding reassured that the tumor location was more dominant in the anterior nasal cavity. The posterior lesion was also seen but did not predominate in comparison to the anterior. These findings helped clinicians in planning operative action in order to evacuate the tumor.
Bacterial rhamnolipids (RLs) in saliva of Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment patients and correlation with neuroinflammation and cognitive state
Authors: Eleni G. Andreadou  , Georgios Katsipis  , Magda Tsolaki  , Anastasia A. Pantazaki
Published: April 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly affecting the aging population and the estimated prevalence reaches 50 million people worldwide. The need for the discovery of new biomarkers for AD diagnosis is urgent and especially in biological fluids other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as its collection is invasive. Arguments are numerous that chronic bacterial infections might be considered as one of the possible causes of AD. Rhamnolipids (RLs) are bacterial virulence factors, suspicious for dysfunctions and disorders including AD. The aim of this pilot trial was to investigate RLs levels in saliva of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD patients with indirect ELISA. Specifically, salivary RLs were determined in 30 AD patients, 24 MCI patients and 15 cognitively healthy individuals and were found elevated in AD and MCI patients compared to those of the control group. The established biomarkers of AD, tau and Aβ42 amyloid, and the inflammatory markers cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) were also determined, to evaluate their possible interdependence from RLs levels. Levels of RLs positively correlate with COX-2 levels and negatively with the mental state according to Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of donors. Multilinear regression verified the tight interrelation of RLs with COX-2 in saliva of MCI and AD patients. The results of this study stand by the hypothesis of inflammatory involvement in AD and indicate that RLs could be suggested as eventual biomarkers for AD diagnosis using saliva as biological fluid.
Morphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Carica papaya, an review
Authors: Ashish B. Wadekar  , Minakshee G. Nimbalwar  , Wrushali A. Panchale  , Bhushan R. Gudalwar  , Jagdish V. Manwar  , Ravindra L. Bakal
Published: April 2021

Present review focuses on theMorphology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Carica papaya (Linn). The plant is well known to us since ancient time. The plants are traditionally used to treat several conditions such as stomach disorders, diarrhea, skin diseases, male contraceptives, and home remedies for colds. Phytochemically, the whole plant contains lycopene, carotenoids, alkaloids, monoterpenoids, flavonoids, mineral, vitamins enzyme papain. This nutritious fruits feed the body and immune system. Various medicinal properties attributed to the plant and parts thereof includes antibacterial, anticancer, insecticidal, wound healing etc.
Behavioural and neurochemical characterisation of the anxiolytic properties of an aqueous extract of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants (Chenopodiaceae) in experimental mice
Authors: Bigued  , Germain Sotoing Taiwe  , Jacqueline Stephanie Kameni Njapdounke  , Joseph Ngaibi  , Yvette Nguezeye  , Neteydji Sidiki  , Elisabeth Ngo Bum
Published: April 2021

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodiaceae) is a medicinal plant known for its anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities in Cameroonian folk medicine. Aim of the study: The aim of this work is to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extracts and investigate its mechanism of action. Materials and methods: Elevated plus maze test and open field test were used for detecting it anxiolytic properties. The possible mechanism of action of the aqueous extracts were investigated after pretreatment of animals with different antagonists of GABAA complex receptors (5 mg/kg N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide, 4 mg/kg flumazenil or 2 mg/kg bicuculline) 30 minutes prior to the oral administration of 370 mg/kg Dysphania ambrosioides aqueous extract. Results: Dysphania ambrosioides increased the percentage of entries into and percentage of time in open arms, and reduced rearing, head dipping, and percentage of time in closed arms, in the elevated plus maze. It reduced rearing and defecation, and increased crossing, in the open field. In addition, anxiolytic-like properties of Dysphania ambrosioides were blocked by different antagonists of GABAA complex receptors (N-methyl-β-carboline-3-carboxamide, flumazenil or bicuculline) as examined in elevated plus maze test. Finally, the activity of GABA-T activity was inhibited and the brain GABA concentration was increased by the extracts, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that Dysphania ambrosioides possess anxiolytic-like properties in mice that might involve an action on benzodiazepine and/or GABA sites in the GABAA receptor complex or by modulating brain GABA concentration in the central nervous system.
The effects of wheat cultivar blend on the content of essential grain minerals
Authors: Jošt Marijan  , Vesna Samobor  , Ivka Kvaternjak  , Mirjana Mužić
Published: April 2021

In western Europe, not so long ago, wheat was frequently grown in a blend (mixture) of two or more cultivars, which was not common in southeast European countries. However, in recent times again growing wheat cultivars in a blend become more acceptable. Why? There are several advantages to this practice. In a blend, we have the possibility to combine different characteristics of two or more cultivars. For instance tolerance to different diseases, lodging tolerance, to combine characters in negative relation (for instance high yield and good grain protein content), and finally nutritive value of wheat, especially when essential minerals are in question. The last one will be the subject of this communication. Seven high protein wheat lines and one registered cultivars are sown in sixteen wheat 1:1 blends, and the effect of blending was studied with an intention to get a higher concentration of essential minerals and better nutritive value of wheat flour.