bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPERATION OF PRE-STRESSED SPAN BEAMS OF BRIDGE CRANES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT LOAD COMBINATIONS
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Tkachеv A. , Tkachеv O. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Prokopovych I. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University
Published: August 2022

The paper considers issues related to increasing the bearing capacity of span beams of bridge cranes by means of prestressing. It is known that the work of the span structure of the crane with pre-stressed beams takes place under the same conditions, modes and capacities as conventional cranes. The load-bearing capacity of their span structures must be provided with high strength and rigidity in two planes – the main vertical plane and the horizontal one. However, studies of the stress-strain state of the crane with a pre-stress bridge operating in the horizontal plane were not performed. The peculiarity of this question is the development of a new mathematical model of the pre-stressed main beam, as well as obtaining the equation of the deflection curve of this beam when working in a horizontal plane. An analysis of its stress-strain state in the plane of the load suspension, as well as the simultaneous action of vertical and horizontal forces. This analysis allowed establishing the effect of horizontal inertial loads on the deformed state of the pre-stressed bridge. It is established that when operating a bridge crane with cargo in the middle of the span, the deflections of the span beam do not go beyond the regulatory deflections of a conventional crane bridge, which has a positive effect on the deformed condition of the main beam and facilitates the crane as a whole. The results obtained in this work can be further used for the design of bridge cranes with pre-stressed span beams in order to increase their load capacity, extend their service life without dismantling. Also for improvement of operating designs and engineering means of calculation, both at design stages, and in the conditions of real operation.
Efficiency of Implementation of Alternative Dispute Settlement for Fintech Lending Users
Authors: Tiara Zalna , Tejomurti Kukuh
Published: August 2022

This article aims to analyze the dispute resolution mechanism at PT Satustop Finansial Solusi and the effective and efficient application of APS for fintech lending users. This article includes a type of normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied with a legal approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. Source materials obtained through primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The technique used is the syllogism method through a deductive mindset. The dispute resolution mechanism applied by PT Satustop Finansial Solusi is through litigation (judicial institutions). The results show that dispute resolution through litigation is deemed less effective and efficient, so the authors use the provisions in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, POJK Number 1/POJK.07/2014 concerning Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions in the Financial Services Sector, and the Theory of Economic Analysis of Law proposed by Richard A. Posner. In this theory, states that the application of economic principles as rational choices to analyze legal issues.
Religious Tolerance in the Constitution and Guarantees for the Protection of Human Rights
Authors: Ishak Nurfaika
Published: August 2022

Protection of human rights is an absolute guarantee that must be fulfilled by the rule of law.  Article 1 Paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia mandates that " The State of Indonesia shall be a state based on the rule of law. " it shows Indonesia recognizes and protects human rights, one of which is the right or freedom to believe in a particular religion. The purpose of this study is to figure out how the regulation of religious tolerance ruled in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia/ Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. This research is descriptive research by describing, and analyzing, the issues of tolerance and human rights. The approach used is a legal approach by tracing all relevant laws and regulations. The data collection technique used in this study is a library research technique, which is a data collection technique by reviewing journals, laws and regulations, and other related materials related to the regulation of religious tolerance in Indonesia. That guarantees for the protection of human rights as mandated by the constitution can create religious tolerance among people of different religions in the plurality of Indonesian society. Religious tolerance in Indonesia will create inter-religious harmony to maintain peace, order, tranquility, and the prosperity of the people, nation and state of Indonesia.
Drug Abuse as an Extra-Ordinary Crime: Some Legal and Political Debates
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim , Nurhalimah Siti , Nasution Latipah , Romlah Siti
Published: August 2022

As though a double-edged knife, on the one hand, Narcotics can be a panacea for various critical illnesses, but on the other hand, Narcotics can destroy all joints and organs of the human body. Both sides are very much determined by who the narcotics are used for. As one type of Narcotics, Drugs are the type most abused. However, the problems arising from drugs are in fact not only about abuse. Drug abuse is then used as a momentum to form an organized business sector with a structured and systematic sales mechanism. Of course, this is what makes drug abuse categorized as an extraordinary crime that requires extraordinary handling as well. This research will reveal various types of drug abuse as well as national and international efforts and efforts in fighting drug crimes. This research uses qualitative research methods with a literature approach. The data obtained comes from several regulations, such as Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and several other regulations and policies, as well as international cooperation carried out by Indonesia. The results of the study state that Indonesia is currently in a state of drug emergency, so it is necessary to strengthen and innovate government policies to tackle drug crimes that have been committed at this time, as a form of government commitment to eradicating drugs from the base to the upstream of the problem.
Government Preparation for Hoax Cases During the Covid-19 Pandemic to Preserve the Nation’s Unity and Cohesion
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim , Rezki Annissa
Published: August 2022

People accustomed to all daily activities outside the home appear to have developed a sense of boredom as a result of being forced to adhere to the government's stay-at-home policy. And, of course, this program quickly became a popular issue on social media with the hashtag #dirumahAja, with the expectation that all Indonesians would comprehend and understand how to assist the government in breaking the chain of transmission of the fatal corona virus, which is a new form of virus. There are numerous examples of how this covid-19 epidemic may create havoc and disrupt human existence, and it feels very real to everyone in this country. Throughout this pandemic, the government was compelled to enact policies sufficient to ensure the nation's safety, and the hope that the national crisis would stop soon has become a global issue. Previously, if you encountered hoax news or news that was still confusing, you could immediately report it to the local police and face punishment for violating the ITE law. However, during this pandemic, and in relation to the pandemic issue that resulted in the emergence of HOAX news, it was not only the government that became the cause of this. enraged. But also among public people who turned out to be socially acceptable parties. This study used a qualitative descriptive technique to analyze life-affirming policies during the COVID-19 epidemic, which has caused widespread concern in all spheres of life.
Relationships and Resources Supporting Children With Serious Illness and Their Parents
Authors: Bogetz Jori F. , Revette Anna , Partin Lindsay , DeCourcey Danielle D.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and their parents benefit from supportive serious illness care when their conditions are severe and impact their quality of life and stress. This includes not only expert medical care but also effective relationships with the clinical team. Existing data suggest that there are opportunities for improvement. This study’s aim was to explore important aspects of the relationships and resources that facilitate supportive serious illness care among children with CCCs and their parents.

METHODS

We conducted semistructured interviews with adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with CCCs (aged 13–35 years), and parents of children with CCCs across 2 academic pediatric centers in the United States from December 2018 to April 2019. Transcripts were iteratively coded and analyzed by a team that included a sociologist, pediatric intensivist, and palliative care researcher by using inductive and deductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Seven AYAs with CCCs and 9 parents participated (16 total; 1 AYA–parent dyad). Two key categories were identified around relationships with the clinical team: trust and fostering collaboration. Three key categories related to resources are information needs, making sense of life with illness, and supportive community. Many of the key categories and themes identified by participants had both tangible and intangible components and revealed the distinct yet interconnected nature of these aspects of care.

CONCLUSIONS

Awareness and cultivation of relationship and resource support through innovative interventions and attention to those with increased needs in these areas may improve the serious illness care provided to children with CCCs and their parents.
СИНЕРГЕТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ МЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ В МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИНАХ
Authors: Filipov Serhii
Published: August 2022

Актуальність обраної тематики обумовлена важливістю поглибленого дослідження методів та технологій конструювання ментального простору як частини міжнародної пропаганди. Поле для просування національних інтересів все більше розширюється, в тому числі й на рівень індивіда, що надає йому все більшого значення для прийняття рішень. Розвиток конструктивістських та постконструктивістських парадигм, часто не відкидаючи існування реальності, зводить процес міжнародних відносин до дискурсивних практик, які реалізовуються у цільовій аудиторії. Розуміння синергетичних чинників дає змогу як впливати, так і вибудовувати методики для захисту від просування небажаних інтервенцій. І робити це з розумінням детермінованої динаміки, яка спостерігається у ментальному просторі. Метою даної статті є вибудовування синергетичної моделі конструювання ментального простору в міжнародних відносинах. У статті зроблена спроба побудувати синергетичну модель для ментального простору, яка б враховувала особливості когнітивної структури та динамічну складність процесів, які там протікають. Також розглядаються особливості цієї моделі, які дають можливість конструювання ментального простору. Досліджуються основні елементи даної моделі, які демонструють найбільшу вразливість до зовнішнього впливу для відкритої системи.
Boron nitride nanotubes: A review of recent progress on purification methods and techniques
Authors: Maselugbo Adesewa O. , Harrison Haley B. , Alston Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2022

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) will be one of the most important materials of this century. Recent synthetic advances have made BNNTs viable candidates for advanced multifunctional materials. Like carbon nanotubes and graphene, BNNTs and h-BN have extraordinary physical properties. Unlike CNTs, BNNTs have a wideband gap; they are piezoelectric, have neutron radiation shielding capability, and can withstand degradation up to 1000 °C. BNNTs could be the next big leap for nanocomposite advanced applications; however, significant scientific challenges must be addressed. Predominantly, large-scale synthesis techniques are immature. Production products require careful characterization, analysis, and purification. Impurities such as boron, amorphous BN, and h-BN lead to difficulty studying chemical modification and translation of BNNT properties. This review synthesizes relevant literature and state-of-the-art techniques regarding purification methods of BNNTs, classified as physical, chemical, and multi-step techniques and their applications. The review also discusses BNNT synthesis methods and future research directions.

Graphical abstract
Bronchiectasis in children and vitamin D deficiency: what is primary?
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine, Ilchenko S.I. , Fialkovska А.О. ,   Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

Bronchiectasis in children is a chronic polyetiological pathology, the pathogenesis of which involves a complex interaction between the host, respiratory pathogens and environmental factors. The potential contribution of vitamin D deficiency to the development of bronchiectasis in children is of particular clinical importance, given the growing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and the significant incidence of bronchiectasis, especially among children. Clinical case. The article presents a clinical case that illustrates the development of bronchiectasis in a child with a disorder of vitamin - D-controlled pathomorphological processes, which is probably the cause of dysmorphic disorders not only in the musculoskeletal system but also in the bronchi. Genetic analysis helped to confirm the primacy of vitamin D deficiency in the development of bronchiectasis in girls. Prescribed treatment with therapeutic doses of vitamin D had a positive effect. However, unfortunately, in this case there were already partially irreversible morphological changes. Conclusions. Children with recurrent or chronic bronchopulmonary disease with impaired vitamin D metabolism have a higher risk of developing bronchiectasis. Determining the level of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) and genetic analysis of VDBP gene polymorphisms can be useful both for verifying the diagnosis and for personalizing the treatment of such patients. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child’s parents was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: bronchiectasis, vitamin D deficiency, children.
Features of differential diagnosis of inflammatory intestinal disease with food allergy in children of breast age
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Romanchuk A.A. , Okhotnikova O.M. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: August 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract and includes ulcerative colitis (ulcerative colitis) and Crohn's disease. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, weight loss, hematochezia, and diarrhea, although some patients may experience more insidious gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Allergic proctocolitis caused by dietary protein (FPIAP) is a condition characterized by inflammatory changes in the distal parts of the colon in response to one or more foreign dietary proteins due to immune-mediated reactions. Clinically similar to IBD. Delay in the diagnosis of IBD, especially Crohn's disease, remains common in children, and potential complications due to these delays require effective differential diagnosis. Purpose - on the example of a clinical case to show the features of the differential diagnosis of IBD and FPIAP. Clinical case. Child A., 2 months old, has a green stool of liquid consistency, sometimes with mucus, abdominal pain. According to laboratory tests, high levels of fecal calprotectin and eosinophilic cationic protein were detected. Diet diagnostics in the form of an elimination diet and provocative tests were used. Due to which significant allergens have been identified and excluded from the mother’s diet. Conclusions. Determination of fecal calprotectin levels, fecal occult blood analysis, and serum IgE are important in the differential diagnosis of IBD and FPIAP. Timely diagnosis and rational therapy, prevents the development of severe consequences and improves the condition of patients. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, allergic proctocolitis, diet diagnostics, differential diagnosis, rectal bleeding.
Da’wah Model Through Facebook Social Media Platform
Authors: Masri Abd Rasyid , Mahmuddin Mahmuddin , Mahmud Hamka
Published: August 2022

This study aims to map the pattern and model of da'wah through social media. Facebook as a medium of da'wah in the digital era. Specifically, the research is directed at analyzing the packaging process, delivery and public response in receiving the message of KH's M Arif Marzuki Hasan da’wah through the Facebook page of the Darul Istiqamah Islamic Boarding School Maccopa, South Sulawesi. This research is qualitative research using a historical approach and da'wah. The data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and literature. The results show that the form and model of da'wah delivered through the social media platform Facebook is one of the innovative ways of transmitting and disseminating da'wah messages. The public's response as the object of da'wah views that the convergence of da'wah media on the Facebook platform is seen as providing benefits according to the category of da'wah messages in terms of interpretation of the Qur'an, morality, aqidah and shari'ah. The implication of the research shows that there is a need to develop a da'wah model through a more varied pattern of packaging da'wah content. In addition, with social media platforms, da'wah is an alternative to capturing opportunities for digital da'wah activities.
Utilizing WhatsApp for Mutaba’ah during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Ruquu Community Members in Bandung
Authors: Fakhruroji Moch , Nurhasanah Nunung
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the mutaba'ah Al-Quran program through WhatsApp group interactions provided by the Ruquu Community in Bandung. The study focuses on the perceptions and experiences of these community members' involvement in the mutaba'ah program by employing a phenomenological method that depends on in-depth online and offline interviews with the community's founder as well as four purposefully selected community members. It can be argued that although it is something new, the mutaba'ah program through WhatsApp is a simple and voluntary process but has a positive impact on community members. This is due in part to the simplicity of the WhatsApp features. Furthermore, those who take part in the mutaba'ah program are highly motivated to study the Quran, despite the fact that some of them are still hindered by technological issues such as time availability and constraints related to limited internet connection at particular times.
Da’wah Education Based on Religious Moderation Training Using Digital Technology at Islamic Boarding Schools in East Bandung
Authors: Machendrawaty Nanih , Shodiqin Asep , Effendi Dudy Imanuddin
Published: August 2022

Indonesia as one of the great houses of Muslims must be a prototype in the world in developing religious moderation education based on the teachings of Islam rahmatan lil 'alamin. In the context of da’wah education, the issue of religious moderation in Islamic educational institutions, especially Islamic boarding schools, is an effort to prepare the best cadres of teachers who are not only able to read classical books, but also have comprehensive Islamic insight. With the development and progress of the times, the provision of the best teacher cadres in Islamic boarding schools is not only done traditionally but also must be followed by a training model using today's digital technology media. Based on arguments about the importance of preaching education based on religious moderation training using digital technology, this research has focused on Islamic boarding schools in the East Bandung area. This training using digital technology is an effort to increase the literacy of Islamic boarding school teachers and students about religious moderation education. This study uses a participatory observation method, meaning that researchers who involve themselves in the object of research are carried out. The conclusion of this study shows the importance of da’wah education based on religious moderation training by using digital technology in Islamic boarding schools to keep up with the times in the 4.0 revolution era, especially in strengthening religious moderation literacy. Strengthening literacy which has a positive impact to encourage the practice of religious moderation behavior among Islamic boarding schools and the surrounding community, in East Bandung.
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in blood plasma as markers of early diagnostic adrenal cortical tumors
Authors: Roienko Yurii
Published: August 2022

Adrenocortical tumours of the adrenal glands are formed when the cells of the cortical layer grow. The morphological and histological structure of benign adrenal tumours is variable, which complicates their early diagnosis. The study of the levels of hormones in the adrenal cortex along with the analysis of the symptoms of the disease will allow not only to differentiate hormone-producing tumours, but also to predict the direction of metabolic processes, which will make it possible to choose the right treatment regimen and prevent complications from other organs.

The aim of the study is to determine the level of cortisol and aldosterone and assess the state of the pituitary-adrenal and renin-aldosterone systems in patients with various types of adrenocortical adenomas.

Materials and methods. The state of the hormonal status of the adrenal cortex was assessed by determining the level of glucocorticoids - cortisol and mineralocorticoids - aldosterone using a direct quantitative enzyme immunoassay. The level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and renin was determined by immunochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies specific for ACTH and renin.

Research results. An increase in the level of cortisol was detected against the background of a decrease in the level of ACTH in patients with cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenomas. It is shown that the aldosteronism we discovered in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas develops against the background of an unchanged renin level and an increase in the aldosterone/renin ratio.

Conclusions. The development of hormone-dependent adenomas of the adrenal cortex is accompanied by an imbalance in the work of the pituitary-adrenal and renin-aldosterone systems, the direction of changes of which can serve as a criterion for early diagnosis of adrenocortical adrenal adenomas
Wikinomics in the higher education: the need to use tools and instruments
Authors: Shved Vadym , Sarancha Iryna , Omelchenko Olena
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the possibility of using the latest management models in modern higher education. A new economic model based on the use of information technology is analyzed - this model is called "Wikinomics".

Herein the essence of this model is determined - namely, peering, i.e. cooperation of equals, as the basis for the existence of the whole wikinomistic paradigm. The following key principles of wikinomics: openness, exchange of ideas, equality and globality are studied, as well as their content is adapted for use in the provision of higher education services.

In the article the possibility of using the tools of modern management models in higher education, namely wikinomics, is analyzed. The mechanism of functioning of online platforms of the educational courses is considered, and their compliance with the existing requirements of higher education is determined. The possibility of standardizing the use of wikinomistic approaches in higher education through non-formal and informal education is studied. The essence of non-formal and informal education is considered and the thesis that wikinomics is a manifestation of informal education is proved. The importance of adhering to the wikinomistic principles in informal education is proved. The need for the existence of online educational platforms as a tool for building an individual educational trajectory is postulated.

It is argued, that educational courses that are located on the recognized online platforms can and should be considered as the full-fledged educational components of the educational programs.

Herein the necessity of using the principles and approaches of wikinomics in higher education as the guarantee of rapid response to the changing labor market requirements and as the effective tool for increasing the competitiveness of modern students is substantiated
Opportunities of a personal learning environment for performing self-education activities of the future pharmacy employee
Authors: Hnezdilova Kira , Barjadze Ruslana
Published: August 2022

The issue of the use of information and communication technologies in the education of pharmaceutical students is highlighted. The author pays special attention to the importance of creating a personal educational environment that enables the student's self-education and is the basis for lifelong education. The author provides a detailed interpretation of the phenomenon, approaches to it, and describes four models that are used in foreign pedagogical practice. The analysis of pedagogical studies made it possible to affirm the opinion about the potential of PLE for the development of the self-educational activity of the student, in particular, the future specialist-pharmacist. The author indicated the directions of using information technologies in medical education. The possibilities of certain elements of the personal educational environment through the prism of their involvement in the educational process, the importance of developing skills and actively using a number of information resources at the same time, systematizing and comparing the acquired knowledge, independently creating new sources of information are described. A number of computer and web technologies have been identified that enable the formation of PLE, promote motivation and development of self-educational activity, namely: the use of structuring of the educational space of higher education institutions based on Ms Office365 and Ms Teams services, MSO365 cloud services; social networks Viber, Facebook and YouTube channels; communication platforms Zoom, Skype, Google Classroom, and others; use of computer modeling of physical, biological, chemical, physiological processes, modeling of laboratory work; use of electronic textbooks; use of multimedia educational and demonstration computer programs, learning and informative video films; development of the department's website for placing organizational and learning information on it; use of computer-based testing of students' knowledge and an interactive survey system. The author provides specific examples from pedagogical practice, proving a direct connection between information and communication technologies that fill PLE with the development of self-education activities of the student
Consideration of the possibility of large-scale plasma-chemical production of nanosilicon for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Petrov Stanislav , Bondarenko Serhii , Sato Koichi
Published: August 2022

The object of research is the process of obtaining silicon nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries of energy storage devices, and the subject of research is the technology of gas-phase plasma-chemical synthesis for the production of Si-nanoparticles.
In the course of the study, numerical simulation methods were used, which made it possible to determine the parameters of temperature fields, velocities and concentrations. To study the processes of synthesis of nanopowders, a plasma reactor with an electric arc plasma torch of a linear scheme and using an argon-hydrogen mixture as a plasma-forming gas was developed. To analyze the influence of an external magnetic field on the control of the plasma jet parameters, a series of experiments was carried out using an electric arc plasma torch on plasma laboratory facilities with a power of 30 and 150 kW.
The influence of a magnetic field on the process of formation and evaporation of a gas-powder flow in a plasma jet was studied by determining the configuration, geometric dimensions, and structure of the initial section of the jet. In this case, the dispersed material – silicon powder was fed to the plasma torch nozzle section according to the radial scheme. Experimental confirmation of the phenomenon of elongation of the high-temperature initial section of the plasma jet in a longitudinal magnetic field has been obtained. The experimental results indicate that the creation of a peripheral gas curtain significantly changes the characteristics of heat and mass transfer in the reactor. It should be expected that for optimization it is possible to exclude the deposition of nanosilicon particles on the walls of the reactor and provide conditions for continuous operation. The effect of two-phase flow, heat transfer, and mass flow of nanoparticles, including the surface of a plasma reactor with limited jet flow, in the processes of obtaining silicon nanopowders has been studied. This made it possible to correct a number of technological characteristics of the process of constructive design of the actions of plasma synthesis of nanopowders.
The patterns obtained can be used for constructive and technological design in the creation and development of a pilot plant for high-performance production of nanosilicon powders.
Accuracy assessment of marker recognition using ultra wide angle camera
Authors: Alkhimova Svitlana , Davydovych Illia
Published: August 2022

Modern devices that support augmented reality technology are widely used in various fields of human activity, including medicine. Head mounted displays may provide an attractive alternative to traditional surgery navigation systems because allow users to stand at the first point of view and interact with objects in their surroundings naturally. Thus, the object of research in this study is recognition accuracy of fiducial markers in zones where ultra-wide angle camera distort the most. This is motivated by the need to increase user workspace for interaction with markers compare to the workspace provided with such popular augmented reality device as Microsoft HoloLens 2.
In this study, the recognition accuracy is evaluated using ArUco square markers with taking into account different marker sizes and their positions in the camera view space. The marker positions include the center of the camera view space as well as such zones where lenses distort the most as top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right corners.
Obtained results show that recognition accuracy is good enough to be applicable for surgical navigation and failures referred to the distortion occurs are available in less than 0.2 % of all cases. This gives a possibility to increase workspace for interaction with markers compare to the Microsoft HoloLens 2. At the same time, the workspace for interaction could not reach the actual view space of the camera since recognition fails in cases where marker’s body is partially visible in the captured image (i. e., marker position is at the image boundaries).
Research of consumer properties of organic oils
Authors: Tkachenko Alina
Published: August 2022

The object of the work is organic cold-pressed oils: sea buckthorn oil, amaranth oil, sesame oil. In the work, consumer properties of vegetable oils were studied: organoleptic characteristics, peroxide value, fatty acid composition. Among the organoleptic indicators, transparency, smell, color and the presence of sediment were studied. To determine the smell, the oil was applied in a thin layer on a glass plate. In order to study the color, the oil was poured into a glass with a layer of 50 mm and examined in transmitted and reflected light on a white background. Determination of transparency was carried out in the cylinder after settling at a temperature of 20 °C for 24 hours. To detect sediment in the settled oil, the number of divisions in the lower part of the cylinder occupied by oil sediment was noted. All organoleptic characteristics correspond to the limits of the norm. All samples are transparent, do not contain sediment and foreign odors. The color is inherent in each type of oil. In all samples, the peroxide number was studied. The amount of peroxides was determined by the iodometric method. In sea buckthorn oil, the peroxide number is 4.6 ½O mmol/kg, sesame – 4.8 ½O mmol/kg, amaranth – 4.3 ½O mmol/kg. The indicated indicators correspond to the norm. The fatty acid composition of the oil was determined by gas chromatography on an HP 6890 gas chromatograph (Agilent, USA). The content of meristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids was studied in oils. Oleic acid (18:1ω–9) is found in the largest amount in sesame oil (29.29 %). The content of linolenic acid (18:2ω–6) is the highest in amaranth oil (49.29 %). The content of linoleic acid (18:3ω–3) is the highest in sea buckthorn oil (19.28 %). Further research is planned to be devoted to the effect of vegetable organic oils on the lipid fraction of flour products.
Physical Activity Among Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2020
Authors: Elgaddal Nazik , Kramarow Ellen A. , Reuben Cynthia
Published: August 2022

This report uses data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey to present estimates of the percentage of men and women aged 18 and over meeting federal guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, by age, race and Hispanic origin, and family income.
Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
Authors: Grakova E. V. , Kopyeva K. V. , Teplyakov A. T. , Isakov L. K. , Sinkova M. N. , Tarasov N. I.
Published: August 2022

Aim. To assess the prognostic role of cardiac biomarkers (galectin-3, soluble ST2 (sST2), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)) in risk stratification of adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with heart failure (HF) after implantation of an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) within 12-month follow-up period.

Material and methods. The study included 57 patients (men, 41; mean age, 65 (59; 68) years) with coronary artery disease and NYHA class II-III HF with left ventricular ejection fraction of 34 [26; 40]%. All patients were implanted with AICD. Serum levels of NT-proBNP, sST2, and galectin-3 were determined by enzyme immunoassay prior to AICD implantation.

Results. It has been established that in order to stratify the risk of unfavorable HF in patients after AICD implantation for 12-month follow-up, all three studied biomarkers can be considered as prognostic factors. Thus, an increase in the level of NT-proBNP ≥1046,6 pg/ml (AUC=0,68; p=0,009), sST2 ≥34,43 ng/ml (AUC=0,78; p<0,0001) and galectin-3 ≥11,6 ng/l (AUC=0,72; p=0,0014) predicts a high risk of adverse CVEs. The combination of sST2 and galectin-3 increased the predictive value of the analysis (AUC=0,84; p<0,0001), while the addition of NTproBNP did not increase the accuracy of risk stratification.

Conclusion. The determination of the combination of galectin-3 and sST2 can potentially help identify a group of patients with HF after AICD implantation with a high risk of adverse CVEs for intensification and optimization of treatment.
Maximum time between cardiac cycles in atrial fibrillation for assessing the risk of arterial thromboembolism
Authors: Germanova O. A. , Germanov A. V. , Shchukin Yu. V.
Published: August 2022

Aim. To assess the development of thromboembolic events in different types of atrial fibrillation (AF), which differ in the maximum time between cardiac cycles.

Material and methods. The main group included 80 patients with permanent AF, while the control one — 88 people without AF. The following investigations were performed: echocardiography, 24-hour electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring; ultrasound of extracranial arteries, aortic branches, lower limb arteries; sphygmography of the common carotid and posterior tibial arteries. If required, coronary angiography, cerebral angiography, brain computed tomography were performed. According to 24-hour ECG monitoring, all patients of the main group were divided into 2 subgroups (A and B) depending on the maximum time between cardiac cycles in AF: subgroup A (n=42) — patients with a maximum time between cardiac cycles <1,5 seconds, subgroup B (n=38) — ≥1,5. The followup period lasted 1 year. During the follow-up period, the development of arterial thromboembolic events was analyzed.

Results. The patients were comparable in key paraclinical characteristics and comorbidity profile. One-year follow-up period revealed a significantly higher incidence of stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and distal arterial embolism of lower limb arteries in subgroup B. With an increase in the maximum time between cardiac cycles in AF, an increase in hemodynamic parameters of arterial vessels occurred as both proximal and distal arteries. A similar trend was also observed in the analysis of arterial kinetic parameters.

Conclusion. Not only the fact of AF presence is important for assessing the risk of arterial thromboembolism, but also its features. The most unfavorable for prognosis is AF with a maximum time between cardiac cycles ≥1,5 seconds. An increase in intra-arterial hemodynamic parameters after a long pause between ventricular contractions in AF without intracardiac thrombosis can become a key factor in the development of complications with existing plaques, which can become a source of distal embolism.
2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2022

Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies with the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC).
Functional and physicochemical properties of milled and microfluidized bulgur and chickpea brans
Authors: BAUMGARTNER Burcu , ÖZKAYA Berrin , SAKA İrem , ÖZKAYA Hazım
Published: August 2022

Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in human diet due to their health-promoting effects. Cereal brans are widely used for fiber enrichment of bakery products; however, their high phytic acid content, mostly localized in the aleurone layer, lowers the nutritional value of the end-product. Therefore, the functional and physicochemical properties of two aleurone-free brans, bulgur and chickpea brans, were investigated as alternative fiber sources. Furthermore, effect of particle size reduction by means of milling and the microfluidization on these properties were determined. The results indicated that these two by-products of milling industry are valuable fiber sources with high amounts of phytochemicals and low phytic acid content. The applied microfluidization process enhanced physicochemical properties along with their functional properties, altered the ratio between insoluble and soluble fiber, dramatically increased phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity; however, more importantly, it showed that it is possible to degrade phytic acid with microfluidization process.
Update on the diagnosis and management of neurocysticercosis
Authors: Takayanagui Osvaldo Massaiti , Haes Tissiana Marques de
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a serious public health problem in several developing countries, including those in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. NCC is considered to be the main cause of late-onset epilepsy in endemic areas. Objective: This review summarizes recent advances in diagnosis and therapy of NCC. Methods: Relevant articles and books were reviewed and used as a source of information for this review. Results: The diagnosis of NCC is based upon neuroimaging studies (MRI and computed tomography) and laboratory analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Praziquantel and albendazole are considered parasiticidal drugs against NCC, but there is an intense debate over the value and safety of these drugs. Conclusion: Given the relative scarcity of clinical trials, more comparative interventional studies, especially randomized controlled trials in long-term clinical evolution, are required in order to clarify the controversy over the validity of parasitic therapy in patients with NCC.
A critical review and update on autoimmune encephalitis: understanding the alphabet soup
Authors: Simabukuro Mateus Mistieri , Silva Guilherme Diogo da , Castro Luiz Henrique Martins , Lucato Leandro Tavares
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) comprises a group of diseases mediated by antibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic antigens, such as ion channels or neurotransmitter receptors. New clinical syndromes and their associated antibodies were and are still being characterized over the last two decades. The fact that their main clinical features are interdisciplinary, - encompassing neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, epileptic seizures, movement and sleep disorders - has led to a surge of interest in this field. Some of these diseases present with a well-defined syndrome, being recognizable on clinical grounds. Correct diagnosis is important since AE are potentially treatable diseases, despite their severity. On the other hand, an increasing number of neuronal antibodies being described casts doubt upon the way we should utilize antibody testing and interpret results. In this article we review, summarize and update the current knowledge on antibody mediated encephalitis.
Why are CGRP monoclonal antibodies not yet the first line treatment in migraine prevention?
Authors: Simioni Caio Vinicius de Meira Grava
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Migraine is a prevalent disorder and a cause of high disability, influenced by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Comorbid and psychiatric illnesses are prevalent in migraine patients and should be considered when choosing preventive drugs. There have been unforeseen problems with the use of preventive treatment of migraine with oral drugs, mainly due to side-effects that cannot be tolerated and lack of efficacy, leading to high discontinuation rates. Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown better tolerance profiles, based on the low dropout rates in clinical trials due to adverse events. First-line therapy is a term most expressed in some medical specialties that adopt standardized protocol treatments and may not be suitable for treating migraine. Regarding efficacy, mAbs don’t seem to perform much better than the current prophylactic oral drugs in reduction of monthly migraine days compared to placebo. Monoclonal antibodies against CGRP pathway have been prescribed recently, which raises some concern about their safety in the long term. Only side effects observation will confirm whether CGRP blockade causes susceptibility to severe side-effects, at least to specific subpopulations. CGRP may play a role in regulating uteroplacental blood flow and myometrial and uterine relaxation, as well as blood pressure control, raising the suspicion that its blockade could cause complications during pregnancy. Recent guidelines retain the recommendation of starting preventive treatment of migraine with oral drugs. Both the fact that it is new and costs are the reason why guidelines recommend the prescription of mAbs only after failure of at least two oral drugs.
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors for glioblastoma: what have we learned?
Authors: Omuro Antonio
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Glioblastoma, the most common malignant primary brain tumor, remains a lethal disease with few therapeutic options. Immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi), have revolutionized cancer treatment, but their role in glioblastoma is uncertain. Objective: To review the state of immunotherapies in glioblastoma, with an emphasis on recently published ICPi clinical trials. Methods: In this editorial/opinion article, we critically review results of the first generation of trials of ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab in glioblastoma, as well as future directions. Results: Expression of PD-L1 is frequent in glioblastoma, ranging from 60-70% of patients. Phase 1 studies of nivolumab with and without ipilimumab, as well as pembrolizumab, showed no new safety concerns in brain tumors, and no neurotoxicity. However, randomized phase 3 trials of nivolumab showed no survival improvements over bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma; no role in newly diagnosed disease as a replacement for temozolomide in unmethylated MGMT promoter tumors; and no benefit as an addition to temozolomide in methylated MGMT tumors. However, studies examining post treatment tumor samples have shown signs of increased immunologic response, and occasional long lasting radiographic responses have been seen. A small study of pembrolizumab suggested a potential role as a “neoadjuvant” treatment in resectable recurrent glioblastoma, while other studies are investigating selection of patients with higher mutational burden and novel agents and combinatorial strategies. Conclusion: Despite initial negative trials, immunotherapy remains of high interest in glioblastoma, and many trials are still ongoing. Improving our mechanistic understanding of the immunosuppression and T cell dysfunction induced by both tumor and the CNS microenvironment remains however crucial for the development of successful immunotherapeutic approaches in this disease.
Inflammatory myopathies: an update for neurologists
Authors: Silva André Macedo Serafim , Campos Eliene Dutra , Zanoteli Edmar
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogenous group of treatable myopathies. Patients present mainly to the rheumatologist and neurologists, complaining of acute or subacute onset of proximal weakness. Extramuscular manifestations may occur, including involvement of the lungs, skin, and joints. Classically, the diagnosis used to be made based on the creatine kinase level increase, abnormalities in electroneuromyography and presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the muscle biopsy. Recently, the importance of autoantibodies has increased, and now they may be identified in more than half of IIM patients. The continuous clinicoseropathological improvement in IIM knowledge has changed the way we see these patients and how we classify them. In the past, only polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myopathy were described. Currently, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, overlap myositis and antisynthetase syndrome have been considered the most common forms of IIM in clinical practice, increasing the spectrum of classification. Patients previously considered to have polymyositis, in fact have these other forms of seropositive IIM. In this article, we reviewed the new concepts of classification, a practical way to make the diagnosis and how to plan the treatment of patients suffering from IIM.