bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Wasting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simomulyo Surabaya
Authors: Soedarsono Antasya Muslimah , Sumarmi Sri
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Wasting adalah salah satu bentuk kekurangan gizi yang mengakibatkan balita berisiko mengalami ketertinggalan tumbuh kembang secara jangka panjang. Angka wasting di Indonesia berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2018 sebesar 10,2%, sehingga wasting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius untuk ditangani menurut standar WHO. Kejadian wasting masih ditemukan di Kota Surabaya, salah satunya di Puskesmas Simomulyo yang memiliki angka balita gizi buruk terbanyak se-Kota Surabaya. Kejadian wasting pada balita dapat dicegah dengan mengubah faktor risiko yang dapat dikendalikan.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor risiko kejadian wasting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simomulyo Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi case control. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Puskesmas Simomulyo Surabaya. Total sampel 42 balita berusia 12-60 bulan, terdiri dari 21 balita wasting dan 21 balita non-wasting. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Asupan zat gizi makro diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner food recall 3x24 jam; karakteristik balita dan keluarga balita diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner; pengukuran berat badan balita menggunakan timbangan digital dan tinggi badan balita menggunakan mikrotoa. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antara asupan energi (p=<0,001; OR=13,6 dengan CI 95%=3,09-59,8), asupan karbohidrat (p=0,014; OR=7,1 dengan CI 95%=1,31-38,8), pendidikan ibu (p=0,031; OR=4,0 dengan CI 95%=1,11-14,4), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,002; OR=8,5 dengan CI 95%=2,06- 35,08), dan pengeluaran pangan (p=0,024; OR=4,6 dengan CI 95%=1,17-18,68) dengan kejadian wasting. Sedangkan, asupan protein (p=1,000; OR=1,0 dengan CI 95%=0,06-17,12), asupan lemak (p=0,259; OR=2,4 dengan CI 95%=0,51-11,26), status pekerjaan ibu (p=0,747; OR=0,8 dengan CI 95%=0,34-4,64) dan jumlah anggota keluarga (p=0,757; OR=0,8 dengan CI 95%=0,24-2,79) tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian wasting.Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini asupan energi dan karbohidrat, pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, dan pengeluaran pangan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian wasting pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Simomulyo Surabaya.Kata kunci: balita, status gizi, gizi kurang, wasting, faktor risiko
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Ardi Alvi 'Izza
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Remaja putri sering mengalami masalah gizi kurang energi kronis. Kurang energi kronis merupakan kondisi yang terjadi karena asupan energi dan protein yang kurang dalam jangka waktu lama. Remaja putri usia 15-19 tahun memiliki proporsi yang paling tinggi diantara wanita usia subur yang mengalami kurang energi kronis pada tahun 2018. Usia remaja mengalami perubahan yang berlangsung cepat dalam hal pertumbuhan fisik, kognitif, dan psikososial. Kurang energi kronis dapat berdampak buruk bagi remaja putri hingga fase kehidupan selanjutnya. Tujuan: Tujuan dari studi literatur ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kurang energi kronis pada remaja putri. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi literatur yang berasal dari Google Scholar. Referensi jurnal yang digunakan sebagai referensi berjumlah 6 jurnal yang relevan dengan topik studi literatur ini.Hasil: Variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan kurang energi kronis pada remaja putri adalah pola makan (frekuensi makan dan jenis ragam makanan), asupan zat gizi (energi, protein, lemak, zat besi), body image, dan indeks massa tubuh menurut umur. Sebagian besar remaja putri yang memiliki pola makan yang tidak sesuai pedoman gizi seimbang, kurang asupan zat besi, dan body image negatif  mengalami kurang energi kronis. Remaja putri yang sebagian besar mempunyai asupan energi, protein, dan lemak yang baik tidak mengalami kurang energi kronis.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pola makan (frekuensi makan dan jenis ragam makanan), asupan zat gizi (energi, protein, lemak, zat besi), body image, dan indeks massa tubuh menurut umur dengan kurang energi kronis pada remaja putri. Indeks massa tubuh menurut umur memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan kurang energi kronis.Kata kunci: kurang energi kronis, remaja putri
A questão judaica nas origens da filosofia política de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Barbosa Kherlley Caxias Batista
Published: December 2021

A guinada de Arendt para a política tem início com sua adesão à luta de emancipação judaica. Suas primeiras reflexões políticas tratam da questão judaica. Arendt defende o direito político do judeu viver como judeu sem abrir mão de suas tradições e modo de vida contra as ideologias do antissemitismo e do assimilacionismo, mas critica a postura anti-política dos judeus que se negaram historicamente, com algumas exceções, a se engajar na ação política
Bachelard: o contexto do racionalismo epistemológico na filosofia das ciências
Authors: Kafure da Rocha Gabriel , Ferreira de Sousa Marina , Xavier de Sousa Rosimar Emilia
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo pretende esclarecer a problemática da epistemologia como fundamento para a compreensão filosófica das ciências. Para isso, contamos com a visão do filósofo francês Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), focando principalmente no seu texto O racionalismo aplicado (publicado em 1949) e a sua teoria que busca demonstrar a complexidade presente nas linhas de pensamento construídas na história da filosofia: o empirismo e o racionalismo.
Os direitos básicos como direitos humanos em Henry Shue
Authors: Fronza Junior Edegar
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo apresenta e discute a teoria de Henry Shue sobre os direitos básicos. Para o autor, os direitos básicos à segurança, subsistência e liberdade são essenciais para o aproveitamento efetivo dos demais direitos. A fundamentação substantivada da teoria de Shue considera os direitos humanos como meios para garantir as condições mínimas necessárias para as respectivas formas de vida. Shue afirma que a falha em reconhecer um direito mínimo a subsistência se encontra na falsa dicotomia defendida por algumas concepções entre direitos positivos e negativos. Por exemplo, a posição libertária defende que os direitos sociais não seriam direitos genuínos porque impõem aos outros deveres positivos. O presente artigo pretende defender que um direito humano básico impõe deveres positivos, bem como, deveres negativos. Se os direitos humanos geram deveres positivos, precisamos saber quais são as pessoas e/ou instituições responsáveis por esses deveres. Pretende-se mostrar que a proposta de Shue apresenta uma resposta para essas questões e uma contribuição para a defesa do reconhecimento e implementação da prática dos direitos sociais.
Apresentação
Authors: Simões Eduardo , Carvalho da Silva Vinícius
Published: December 2021

Apresentação do dossiê
La estructura de las revoluciones kuhnianas
Authors: Caamaño Alegre María
Published: December 2021

En el presente trabajo es explicitan de forma sistemática las contribuciones más significativas del estructuralismo a la comprensión de las revoluciones científicas, tomando como punto de referencia inicial la caracterización kuhniana de éstas. Se elucidará, con ayuda del caso ilustrativo de la revolución geológica, un segundo sentido kuhniano de revolución científica, apenas discutido por el propio Kuhn y a menudo obviado por sus críticos. Esta forma de desarrollo teórico denominada “incrustación teórica”, aunque muy diferente de aquel característico de la ciencia normal (o evolución teórica), es, no obstante, marcadamente continuo y acumulativo, en el sentido de que no conlleva el rechazo de la teoría precedente, sino su subsunción en la sucesora. Se analizará, por otra parte, el problema del alcance del holismo semántico a la luz del criterio de T-teoricidad estructuralista, e, igualmente, la cuestión del alcance de la inconmensurabilidad, atendiendo al espectro del cambio teórico revolucionario según las posibilidades de reducción ontológica aplicativa entre teorías inconmensurables.
Instrução e mal radical em Eric Weil
Authors: Benevides Soares Daniel
Published: December 2021

O mal radical em Eric Weil compreende a suspeita a respeito das paixões: encontra-se nelas o motivo da ação? As paixões, entretanto,  podem ser domesticadas. É nessa perspectiva que o mal radical se relaciona com a instrução. Para abordar essa relação, nosso estudo desenvolve um tratamento do mal, desafio para a filosofia, que em Weil tem como resposta o conceito de violência. Após situarmos o desafio do mal como violência, é possível entender no que Weil se difencia de Kant ao apresentar o conceito de mal radical. Apresentarmos brevemente a leitura de Weil do mal radical kantiano, para em seguida comparar as semelhanças e diferenças entre ambos. Encerramos apresentando o modo como a instrução pode educar as paixões.
Uno sguardo sulla questione della temporalità
Authors: Jardilino Maciel Antonio Frank
Published: December 2021

Nel contesto scientifico la plasticità e l’epigenesi sono divenuti due dei concetti più pregnanti del nostro tempo. Il primo, dislocato dal suo ambito originario, cioè l’estetica, continua a rivelare il suo potenziale filosofico, scientifico ed epistemologico. Nel pensiero di Catherine Malabou, la plasticità ha subito una vera e propria metamorfosi concettuale – dalla plasticità della temporalità alla plasticità cerebrale –, riferendosi alla capacità di ricevere e dare una forma. Allo stesso tempo, la “bomba al plastico” è una sostanza che provoca violentissime deflagrazioni. Nel primo caso, la plasticità ha una valenza positiva, venendo concepita come una sorta di lavoro “scultoreo” in senso biologico. La plasticità struttura l’identità, costituisce la sua storia, la temporalità e l’avvenire di una soggettività vivente. Nel secondo, la plasticità è una pura negazione. Nessuno pensa alla “plasticità cerebrale” come il lavoro radicale del negativo all’opera nelle lesioni cerebrali, nella deformazione o nella rottura delle connessioni neuronali, nelle sofferenze psichiche, nelle strutturazioni che avvengono nel vivente, nei traumi vari, nelle catastrofi naturali e politiche, nelle malattie neurodegenerative. Nella sua evoluzione teorica la plasticità verrà articolata in stretta relazione con lo sviluppo neuronale. La neuroplasticità, come concetto scientifico, ci consente di stabilire un ancoraggio biologico alla questione della formazione e decostruzione della soggettività e della temporalità. In questo senso, la plasticità non è il semplice riflesso del mondo, ma è frutto di un’istanza biologica conflittuale che rivela la forma di un altro mondo possibile. Da un lato, l’elaborazione di un pensiero dialettico in ambito neuronale, inteso come sviluppo neuroplastico, ci permette di uscire dalla stretta alternativa tra riduzionismo e antiriduzionismo, la quale è sempre rappresento il limite teorico della filosofia occidentale degli ultimi anni. Dall'altro, è possibile assumere il carattere trascendentale del pensiero totalmente connessa alla sua materialità. La nozione di epigenesi, in questo caso, si afferma come una “nuova forma di trascendentale”. Come figura biologica l’epigenesi si pone come condizione di possibilità della conoscenza e della razionalità rivelando, pertanto, la sua caratteristica a priori. Per mezzo delle nozioni di plasticità ed epigenesi il tempo può essere indagato in stretta connessione con la vita, con lo sviluppo organico del vivente, oltre che a permetterci una nuova visione della soggettività.
ENTREVISTA: PROFESSOR HELDER A. M. DE MACEDO
Authors: Mafra Fabio
Published: December 2021

Historiador e professor de História. Atualmente é Professor do Departamento de História do CERES, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, lecionando no Campus de Caicó. Atua como Professor Permanente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História do CERES-UFRN/Mestrado em História dos Sertões e como Colaborador do Programa de PósGraduação em História do CCHLAUFRN/Mestrado em História e Espaços. É participante da Rede de Grupos de Pesquisa Escravidão e Mestiçagens. Seus interesses de pesquisa estão ligados à História dos Sertões, História sóciocultural da América portuguesa, índios, negros, mestiçagens, escravidão, acervos e patrimônio cultural. INTERVIEW: PROFESSOR HELDER A. M. DE MACEDO
AS PINTURAS RUPESTRES DA TRADIÇÃO NORDESTE NA REGIÃO DO SERIDÓ, RN, NO CONTEXTO DA ARTE RUPESTRE BRASILEIRA
Authors: Pessis Anne-Marie , Martin Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Este artigo é uma reflexão sobre as pinturas rupestres da tradição Nordeste na região arqueológica do Seridó, que precisam ainda de estudos pormenorizados do seu vasto acervo arqueológico. Se pode afirmar que, paralelamente às pinturas do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, no estado do Piauí, os conjuntos rupestres do Seridó representam o maior acervo gráfico do nordeste do Brasil. Esta afirmativa não está apenas baseada na quantia dos sítios e dos registros, mas na riqueza imagética que os mesmos representam. Retratam as numerosas atividades da vida cotidiana e cerimonial dos povos que as fizeram, além da manifestação da cultural material, imaterial e técnica do pensamento abstrato indígena na pré-história brasileira. THE RUPESTRAL PAINTINGS OF THE NORTHEAST TRADITION IN THE SERIDÓ REGION, RN, IN THE CONTEXT OF BRAZILIAN RUPESTRY ART ABSTRACTThis article is a reflection on the cave paintings of the Northeast tradition in the archaeological region of Seridó, which still need detailed studies of their vast archaeological collection. It can be said that, in parallel to the paintings in the Serra da Capivara National Park in the state of Piauí, the rock paintings ensembles of Seridó represent the largest graphic heritage in the northeast of Brazil. This statement is not just based on the number of sites and records, but on the wealth of images that they represent. They portray the numerous activities of the daily and ceremonial life of the peoples who did them, as well as the manifestation of the material, immaterial and technical culture of indigenous abstract thought in Brazilian prehistory.Keyword: Rock Art; Seridó; Northeast tradition.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DE ADORNOS CORPORAIS NA PRÉ- HISTÓRIA DA ÁREA ARQUEOLÓGICA DO SERIDÓ – RN
Authors: Cisneiros Daniela , Nogueira Nathalia , Santos Camila
Published: December 2021

Os adornos corporais estão entre as primeiras manifestações simbólicas produzidas pelo Homo sapiens e evidenciadas em dados arqueológicos. São fontes portadoras de informações sobre tecnologia e identidade. A região do Seridó apresenta em seu acervo arqueológico elementos materiais e gráficos que atestam o uso desses adornos na pré-história. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as tipologias, usos e funções dos adornos nos contextos funerários e rupestres do Seridó Potiguar. Os dados de 11 sítios analisados permitiram inferir que os grupos que habitaram a região em períodos pré-históricos utilizavam-se de adornos de diversas tipologias (adornos de cabeça, colares e pingentes); confeccionados com diferentes matérias-primas e utilizados em distintos contextos (rituais funerários, caça, sexo e violência). THE USE OF PERSONAL ORNAMENTS IN PREHISTORY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA OF SERIDÓ - RN  ABSTRACTThe personal ornaments are among the first symbolic manifestations produced by Homo sapiens sapiens and manifested in archaeological data. They are sources of information about technology and identity. The Seridó region has material and graphic elements in its archaeological collection that attest to the use of ornaments in prehistory. This paper aimsto present the types, uses, and functions of ornaments in the funerary and rock art of Seridó Potiguar. The data from 11 analyzed sites allowed us to infer that the groups that inhabited the region in prehistoric periods used ornaments of different types (head ornaments, necklaces, and pendants) made with different raw materials and used in different contexts (funerary rituals, hunting, sex, and violence).Keywords: Personal ornaments; Seridó Prehistory; Rock Art
Pandemia y violencia política en «Allá afuera hay monstruos», de Edmundo Paz Soldán
Authors: Camacho Delgado José Manuel
Published: December 2021

Tras la publicación de Los días de la peste (2017), novela premonitoria que anticipa la pandemia global del COVID-19, el escritor Edmundo Paz Soldán vuelve a sacar una obra sobre los horrores derivados de la propagación del virus (al que llaman el «bicho»), titulada Allá afuera hay monstruos (2021). Ambientada en un mundo distópico y guerracivilista, Paz Soldán recrea con mano maestra cada una de las circunstancias que se han vivido de forma global: el contagio imparable del virus, la falta de equipamiento sanitario, las tensiones económicas derivadas del confinamiento, las revueltas sociales, la contaminación informativa, el protagonismo de los negacionistas y antivacunas o los pseudocientíficos mesiánicos con remedios milagrosos para combatir la pandemia. La obra está inspirada y es un homenaje a Cartucho (1931), libro de relatos sobre la Revolución mexicana de la escritora Nellie Campobello.
Presentación
Authors: Segura Acevedo Yadira , Capote Díaz Virginia
Published: December 2021

Presentación de la sección monográfica El mal que no cesa: pestes, pandemias, plagas y enfermedades en la cultura occidental, coordinada y editada por Yadira Segura Acevedo y Virginia Capote Díaz.
A Dual-Directional Flow Control Device for Cyclic Steam Stimulation Applications
Authors: Zhu Da
Published: December 2021

Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) is one the most effective thermal recovery methods. It is widely used as the primary thermal recovery method to recover heavy oil fields in the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, and North and South America. In this paper, a novel dual-directional flow control device (FCD) will be introduced. This FCD technology can allocate accurate steam outflow into the reservoir formation and improve steam quality during the steam injection period and can mitigate steam breakthrough from the neighboring wells during the production period. In the first section, we give a brief introduction on CSS and the main issues encountered in the field operation. A multidirectional flow control nozzle specifically designed for CSS application will be presented. Design philosophy in thermodynamics and hydrodynamics of the nozzle will be discussed in detail. Field performance results, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and flow loop testing data will be shown to evaluate the performance of the technology. The application of the technology in steam-assisted thermal applications will be introduced. Well-known issues such as erosion and scaling on the FCD tools will be studied in the end.
Comprehensive Analysis and Assessment of the Role of Major Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Justicia Adhatoda Leaves as Potent Antimycobacterial Agents
Authors: Mishra Smita , Mehra Varsha
Published: December 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the world's leading causes of death by the infectious pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which infects one-third of the global population. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic made its spread rapid and the treatment task more daunting. With the havoc of infectious disease expansion, traditional medicines have triggered tremendous interest worldwide. However, less availability of scientific evidence still hinders its practical use. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of the traditional medicinal plant, Justicia adhatoda, which has been used to treat respiratory ailments since ancient times. We have successfully isolated and characterized several bioactive compounds viz- Vasicoline, Vasicolinone, Adhatodine, Adhavasine, Aniflorine, and Vasicinone from J. adhatoda plant leaves, including Vasicine as the principal compound, and showed their anti-tubercular activity on nutrient-starved Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis. The study also directs their in-vitro and ex-vivo antimycobacterial potential on THP1 macrophages with internalized Mycobacterium. Our study is one of its first kind, where we assessed the synergistic antimycobacterial effect of the isolated compounds with the first-line drug Isoniazid (INH). Their potential role in promoting phagolysosome fusion and apoptosis of M. bovis infected THP1 macrophages is further evaluated.
Evaluation of a Pharmacy Supported e-Cigarette Smoking Cessation Intervention in North West England
Authors: Price Alan D. , Coffey Margaret , Houston Lawrence , Cook Penny A.
Published: December 2021

Background: Cigarette smoking cessation has been described as the world’s most important public health intervention. Electronic cigarettes are a relatively new tool for assisting smoking cessation but there is a lack of data on their efficacy. This article reports on a pharmacy supported e-cigarette smoking cessation intervention undertaken in a metropolitan area in the north of England.Methods: Longitudinal mixed-methods evaluation incorporating analysis of secondary data, interviews with service users, and interviews with service providers at 3-month and 12-month follow-up, with an additional text message survey of service users at 12-month follow-up. Results: The four-week follow-up data suggest that for every twenty people given an e-cigarette, six quit smoking tobacco and three people cut their cigarette intake by more than five cigarettes per day. Long-term follow-up results were positive but only a small number of participants were still engaged with the study at 12 months. Service users and providers spoke positively about the combination of e-cigarettes and pharmacy support.Conclusions: E-cigarette distribution combined with pharmacy support appears to be an agreeable and effective intervention for smoking cessation, but further data are needed on long-term quit rates and health effects.
Water Vapour Sorption and Moisture Transport in and Across Fibre Direction of Wood
Authors: Murr Alexander
Published: December 2021

Water vapour sorption experiments are frequently used to characterise the absorption and desorption of water in wood during transient conditions in relative humidity. When interpreting such experiments, it is still unclear to what extend the resulting time-dependent change of sample mass (i.e. sorption kinetics) is influenced by moisture transport, sorption and sorption related processes. To evaluate the impact of water vapour diffusion under such transient conditions, this study investigates the sorption kinetics of small wood samples with different lengths of transport pathways in and across fibre direction. For this purpose, water vapour sorption experiments on Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) samples were performed under identical climatic conditions at ambient air pressure and ambient standard temperature. The results showed that sample thickness has an impact on the sorption kinetics along the whole tested range of relative humidity. Differences between the sorption kinetics for samples in and across fibre direction were considerable at low relative humidity, indicating the relevance of water vapour diffusion through the lumen-pit-ray system. In contrast at high relative humidity, differences between the sorption kinetics for samples in and across fibre direction started to disappear while the impact of sample thickness was still considerable. Therefore, it seems as if an additional or modified process that depends on the number of sorption sites becomes relevant at an increased moisture content of wood. This process, as well as the increasing uptake and release of water across fibre direction, should be further investigated to gain a better understanding of the absorption and desorption of water in wood.
Effect of Early Protective Lung Ventilation on Mortality and Hemodynamics in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema Undergoing Emergency Interventional Therapy
Authors: Yang Hao , Han Chuyi , Guo Xiaoling , Wang Hongliang , Wu Yanda , Cong Hongliang
Published: December 2021

Background: To investigate the effect of early protective lung ventilation (EPLV) on mortality and hemodynamic parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock (CS) and pulmonary edema undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: From January 2015 to June 2017, patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with CS and pulmonary edema were admitted to the Tianjin chest Hospital. Based on the use of a mechanical ventilator, patients were divided into the EPLV and Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) groups. Hemodynamic indexes and in-hospital mortality of patients between the two groups was analyzed.Results: The EPLV group consisted of 51 patients and the NIV group consisted of 38 patients. The difference in mortality rates was statistically significant between the EPLV and NIV groups (P=0.01). Central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure after emergency PCI in the EPLV group were lower compared to patients in the NIV group ((P<0.05). Man arterial pressure in patients in the EPLV group was higher compared to NIV patients (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that EPLV did not increase the risk of mortality (P=0.37, OR=2.16, 95% CI (0.31, 9.52)).Conclusion: EPLV resulted in lower mortality and improved hemodynamic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with CS and pulmonary edema undergoing emergency PCI.
A Novel Cooperative Network Using Down-link Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Scheme
Authors: Mohsan Syed Agha Hassnain , Hamood Moqbel Ali Mohammed , Shah Syed Muhammad Tayyab , Mazinani Alireza
Published: December 2021

A novel downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (DC-NOMA) scheme is proposed in this paper to achieve higher performance in the spectral efficiency compared to the classical NOMA schemes. The communication system consists of one base station and two users (e.g., strong user and weak user). In down link phase, the base station transmits a superimposed signal to both users, and in the cooperative phase, the weak user sends its decoded message to the strong user. The main idea is how the weak user can help the strong user to improve the performance of both users. This occurs by enabling the weak user to perform a cooperative transmission with the strong user during the cooperative phase. The outage probability, outage throughput, and diversity order are derived and analyzed. Numerical results are provided to show that the spectral efficiency gain achieved through our proposed scheme is better than the conventional cooperative NOMA schemes.
Dental Anomaly Detection Using Intraoral Photos Via Deep Learning
Authors: Ragodos Ronilo , Wang Tong , Padilla Carmencita , Hecht Jacqueline , Poletta Fernando , Orioli Iêda , Buxó Carmen , Butali Azeez , Valencia-Ramirez Consuelo , Muñeton Claudia Restrepo , Wehby George , Weinberg Seth , Marazita Mary , Uribe Lina Moreno , Howe Brian
Published: December 2021

Children with orofacial clefting (OFC) present with a wide range of dental anomalies. Identifying these anomalies is vital to understand their etiology and to discern the complex phenotypic spectrum of OFC. Such anomalies are currently identified using intra-oral exams by dentists, a costly and time-consuming process. We claim that automating the process of anomaly detection using deep neural networks (DNNs) could increase efficiency and provide reliable anomaly detection while potentially increasing the speed of research discovery. This study characterizes the use of` DNNs to identify dental anomalies by training a DNN model using intraoral photographs from the largest international cohort to date of children with nonsyndromic OFC and controls (OFC1). In this project, the intraoral images were submitted to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to perform multi-label multi-class classification of 10 dental anomalies. The network predicts whether an individual exhibits any of the 10 anomalies and is able to do so significantly faster than a human rater. For every anomaly except mammalons, F1 scores suggest that our model performs competitively at anomaly detection when compared to a dentist with 8 years of clinical experience. In addition, we use saliency maps to provide a post-hoc interpretation for our model’s predictions. This enables dentists to examine and verify our model’s predictions.
A Pan-Cancer Analysis of the KIF Family Gene and their Association with Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment, and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Xu Qitong , Guo Yiming , Xu Feng , Zhang Xu , Cai Mengyuan , Yang Chuang , Huang Yuzhou , Zhang Mian , Wei Jifu , Ding Qiang
Published: December 2021

Background: Recently, studies have shown that kinesins(KIF) play an important role in the occurrence and development of many tumors. However, there is no complete understanding of the role of KIF family in Pan cancer, and its role in the immunity and tumor microenvironment (TME) is unclear.Methods: Based on TCGA database and integrated several R packages, we explored the relationship between the expression of KIF genes and patient survival, immune subtypes, TME, tumor stem cell correlation, and drug sensitivity in cancer.Results: We use nine highly expressed KIF genes(KIF2C, KIF4A, KIF7, KIF11, KIF14, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF20B) to represent whole KIF family. The change in KIF gene expression was significantly related to overall survival. The nine KIFs' high expression is accompanied by the up-regulation of C1 immune subtype, which is related to cell proliferation and interruption of immune process. Further, KIF gene expression showed significant correlation and cancer cell stemness characteristics. Top25 relevant KIF-drug pairs were displayed according to their P values. We further discussed KIF family influence in Mesothelioma(MESO) and Sarcoma(SARC). The CIBERSORT results manifested that increased level of infiltration of B cells naive, Mast cells resting and NK cells activated could be used as a protective factor to promote survival.Conclusions: Our study supplemented a complete map of the effect of KIF family in Pan cancer. We suggested that KIF family may be a potential target for cancer therapy.
Studies on Mitigation of Printing Cost, Volatile Organic Compounds Emission and Sustainability in Printing Industries by Using Water-based Inks
Authors: Sharma Bhavna , Singh Sauraj , Pandey Arun , Dutt Dharm , Kulshreshtha Anurag
Published: December 2021

Organic solvents have been frequently and excessively used in the printing process for a long time. The use of organic solvents in solvent-based ink is responsible for fire hazards, volatile organic compounds emission, and high manufacturing cost during printing. The present study aimed at replacing solvent based ink with water-based ink for reducing the volatile organic compounds emissions and carbon footprints in gravure printing without affecting overall printing quality. The PET film was printed with a water-based ink laser engraved cylinder having reduced cell depth and it resulted in the transfer of a low volume of inks on printing substrate. The cost of printing one kg of polyester film with water-based ink was reduced by US$ 1.95 compared to solvent-based ink. The volatile organic compounds emissions for water-based ink were measured at 2478 ppm against 3373 ppm for solvent-based ink. The water-based ink reduced the carbon footprint by 3.04 kg, which was equivalent to CO2 during printing of one kg polyester film used for making flexible pouches compared to solvent-based ink. The outcome of this study may be the benchmark to authorities for green manufacturing systems in gravure printing applications for the betterment of the environment and humanity.
Genome-Wide Identification of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram- Negative Bacterial (CR-GNB) Isolates Retrieved From Hospitalized Patients in Bihar, India
Authors: Kumari Namrata , Kumar Mukesh , Katiyar Amit , Kumar Abhay , Priya Pallavi , Kumar Bablu , Biswas Nihar Ranjan , Kaur Punit
Published: December 2021

Carbapenemase-producing clinical isolates are becoming more common over the world, posing a severe public health danger, particularly in developing nations like India. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (CR-GNB) infection has become a fast-expending global threat with limited antibiotic choice and significant mortality. The aim of this study was to highlight the carbapenem-resistance among clinical isolates of hospital admitted patients in Bihar, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 101 clinical isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. All GNB isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility using double disc synergy test / modified hodge test (DDST/MHT) and subsequently confirmed carbapenemase-producing isolates were evaluated for carbapenem-resistance genes using whole-genome sequencing (genotypically) method. The overall percentage of carbapenem-resistance among GNB was (17/101) 16.83%. The AMR analysis demonstrates a significantly high prevalence of blaCTX−M followed by blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA and blaNDM β-lactams carbapenem-resistance genes among clinical isolates of GNB. Co-occurrence of carbapenemase-encoding genes with blaNDM was found in 70.6% of carbapenemase-producing isolates. Our study highlights the mechanism of carbapenem-resistance to curb the overwhelming threat posed by emergence of drug-resistance in India.
Correlation Between Extent of Lacrimal Gland Prolapse and Clinical Features of Thyroid- Associated Ophthalmopathy: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Gao Yang , Chang Qinglin , Li Yang , Zhang Hanqiao , Hou Zhijia , Zhang Zheng , Li Zheng , Li Dongmei
Published: December 2021

Background: Studies on the factors related to lacrimal gland prolapse (LGP) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) are limited. This study aimed to assess the ability of abnormal location of the lacrimal gland on magnetic resonance images to predict disease activity in patients with TAO.Methods: Thirty-six patients (72 orbits) with inactive TAO (43 orbits, Clinical Activity Score [CAS] <3) or active TAO (29 orbits, CAS ≥3) were investigated retrospectively. All patients underwent ophthalmic evaluation and orbital magnetic resonance imaging. The severity of LGP and proptosis and the extraocular muscle (EOM) volume were measured. LGP and related factors were assessed by correlational and linear regression analyses. The value of LGP for discriminating the activity of TAO was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.Results: The mean LGP was significantly higher in the active TAO group than in the inactive TAO group (P<0.001). There were significant positive correlations between LGP severity and the CAS (r=0.51, P<0.001), proptosis (r=0.72, P<0.001), and EOM volume (superior rectus [r=0.49, P<0.001], inferior rectus [r=0.47, P<0.001], lateral rectus [r=0.59, P<0.001], medial rectus [r=0.62, P<0.001], superior oblique [r=0.48, P<0.001], and all EOMs [r=0.59, P<0.001]). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an LGP of 13.65 mm (area under the curve, 0.824; sensitivity, 79.3%; specificity, 81.4%) to be the cut-off value that differentiated active and inactive TAO.Conclusions: LGP measurements obtained from orbital magnetic resonance images were positively correlated with CAS, proptosis and EOM volum. The extent of LGP appears to be a good indicator of disease activity in patients with TAO.
Phthalates, non-phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls and phenyl phosphates in atmospheric suspended particulate matter of Dhahran City, Saudi Arabia: Levels and seasonal variation
Authors: Rushdi Ahmed I , Simoneit Bernd R. T. , Lijotra Luis , Bazeyad Abdulqader Y. , Dumenden Ramil , El-Mubarak Aarif H. , Qurban Mohammed A. , Al-Mutlaq Khalid F.
Published: December 2021

This work describes the seasonal variations, levels, and possible health effects of groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as phthalates (Ps), non-phthalates (NPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phenyl phosphates (PhePhs) in ambient total suspended particles (TSP) from the city of Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The mass concentrations of TSP ranged from 88±32 µg m−3 in winter to 350±320 µg m−3 in summer. The total concentrations of these compounds varied from 337±266 ng m−3 in summer to 469±403 ng m−3 in winter. The major compounds were Ps (235±199 ng m−3 in summer to 389±335 ng m−3 in winter), PCBs (30.7±19.3 ng m−3 in autumn to 65.6±61.2 ng m−3 in summer), NPs (4.9±2.3 ng m−3 in summer to 11.9±12.5 ng m−3 in winter), and PhePhs (4.1±4.0 ng m−3 in spring to 13.3±3.2 ng m−3 in summer). The proportional fractions of these POPs relative to natural biogenic sources and petroleum-related emissions were extremely high ranging from 17% in winter to 47% in autumn. Significant correlations were found among these different POP groups and total concentrations, suggesting that they were from local sources. Principal component analysis indicated that Ps and NPs were from the same initial sources, and the PhePhs as well as PCBs were from different regional sources, where the latter were dependent on the TSP levels. In the long term, the elevated levels of these POPs in the TSP of these urban areas will affect human health by eventually developing a range of illnesses.
The Role of the California Tier System in Controlling Population Mobility During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schwarz Emilie L. , Schwarz Lara , Teyton Anaïs , Crist Katie , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: December 2021

Policies to restrict population mobility are a commonly used strategy to limit the transmission of contagious diseases. Among measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic were dynamic stay-at-home orders informed by real-time, regional-level data. California was the only state in the U.S. to implement this novel approach; however, the effectiveness of California’s four-tier system on population mobility has not been quantified. Utilizing data from mobile devices and county-level demographic data, we evaluated the impact of policy changes on population mobility and explored whether demographic characteristics explained variability in responsiveness to policy changes. For each Californian county, we calculated the proportion of people staying home and the average number of daily trips taken per 100 persons, across different trip distances and compared this to pre-COVID-19 levels. We found that overall mobility decreased when counties moved to a more restrictive tier and increased when moving to a less restrictive tier, as the policy intended. When placed in a more restrictive tier, the greatest decrease in mobility was observed for shorter and medium-range trips, while there was an unexpected increase in the longer trips. The mobility response varied by geographic region, as well as county-level median income, gross domestic product, the prevalence of farms, and recent election results. This analysis provides evidence of the effectiveness of the tier-based system in decreasing overall population mobility to ultimately reduce COVID-19 transmission. Results demonstrate that economic and political indicators drive important variability in such patterns across counties.
Increasing Rate of Hospitalization For Severe Peptic Ulcer After The Pandemic: Digestive Emergency Data From Two Regional Hospitals.
Authors: Jian Chenxing , Zhou Zili , Yang Chunkang , Zhao Ning , Bao Haijun , Han Shengbo , Chen Jinhuang , Shu Xiaogang
Published: December 2021

With the introduction of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, the pandemic has abated. However, the virus has not been completely contained, and some of the potential effects of the outbreak have not been thoroughly studied. We collected data from two regional emergency centers from May to November 2015-2019, before the outbreak, and from May to November 2020, after the outbreak. We evaluated the incidence of each major type of digestive disease before and after the pandemic in adults at two hospitals, which experienced COVID-19 outbreaks with varying severity. A total of 11,336 patients were enrolled in the study (PUTIAN, n=5503, UNION, n= 5891). From 2015 to 2019, the numbers of patients at the two hospitals increased steadily, but in 2020, the number of patients at UNION declined. The constituent ratios of diseases in each year in the two hospitals differed. The number of patients with peptic ulcer in 2020 was significantly different from that in each year from 2015 to 2019 (PUTIAN 2015-2020, 16.6%, 20.0%, 16.6%, 18.3%, 21.1%, 37.1%; UNION 2015-2020, 31.5%, 34.6%, 31.6%, 31.3%, 31.7%, 43.7%, respectively). The rates of peptic ulcer increased dramatically in both hospitals in 2020. An increase in the incidence of severe peptic ulcer was observed after the pandemic compared to the same period in previous nonpandemic years. Therefore, these factors should be considered in the formulation of public health strategies and the allocation of medical resources in the postepidemic era.
Selective Transfer of Maternal Antibodies in Preterm and Term Children
Authors: Dolatshahi Sepideh , Butler Audrey L , Pou Christian , Henckel Ewa , Bernhardsson Anna Karin , Gustafsson Anna , Bohlin Kajsa , Shin Sally A , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Brodin Petter , Alter Galit
Published: December 2021

Preterm newborns are more likely to suffer from infectious diseases at birth compared to children delivered at term. Whether this is due to compromised cellular, humoral, or organ-specific development remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that while preterm children have an aberrant cellular immune response, these infants receive similar maternal anti-viral IgG repertoires compared to term children, albeit at lower concentrations. These data point to selectivity in placental transfer at distinct gestational ages, to ensure that children are endowed with the most robust humoral immunity even if born preterm. To begin to define the mechanism by which preterm selective transfer may occur, the overall quantity and functional quality of an array of vaccine-, endemic pathogen-, and common antigen-specific antibodies were assessed across a cohort of 11 preterm and 12 term-delivered mother:infant pairs from birth through week 12. Although higher antibody levels were present in term infants, the overall functional profiles of antigen-specific antibodies were very similar. Temporal transfer differences were ascertained across distinct antibody subpopulations, with early transfer of functional antibodies capable of binding to FcRn and FcγR2-3 receptors followed by the transfer of distinct IgG subclasses. These results provide new insights on maternal:fetal immunity, highlighting novel immune axes that may be manipulated to enhance neonatal immune transfer of antibodies through gestation.
Metagenomics Study To Compare The Taxonomy And Metabolism of a Lignocellulolytic Microbial Consortium Cultured in Different Carbon Conditions
Authors: BORJIGIN Qinggeer , ZHANG Bizhou , Yu Xiaofang , Gao Julin , ZHANG Xin , Qu Jiawei , Ma Daling , Hu Shuping , Han Shengcai
Published: December 2021

A lignocellulolytic microbial consortium holds promise for the in situ biodegradation of crop straw and the comprehensive and effective utilization of agricultural waste. In this study, we applied metagenomics technology to comprehensively explore the metabolic functional potential and taxonomic diversity of the microbial consortia CS (cultured on corn stover) and FP (cultured on filter paper).Analyses of the metagenomics taxonomic affiliation data showed considerable differences in the taxonomic composition and functional profile of the microbial consortia CS and FP. The microbial consortia CS primarily contained members from the genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, Dysgonomonas, Flavobacterium and Sphingobacterium, as well as Cellvibrio, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas and Cellulomonas in FP. The COG and KEGG annotation analyses revealed considerable levels of diversity. Further analysis determined that the CS consortium had an increase in the acid and ester metabolism pathways, while carbohydrate metabolism was enriched in the FP consortium. Furthermore, a comparison against the CAZy database showed that the microbial consortia CS and FP contain a rich diversity of lignocellulose degrading families, in which GH5, GH6, GH9, GH10, GH11, GH26, GH42, and GH43 were enriched in the FP consortium, and GH44, GH28, GH2, and GH29 increased in the CS consortium. The degradative mechanism of lignocellulose metabolism by the two microbial consortia is similar, but the annotation of quantity of genes indicated that they are diverse and vary greatly. The lignocellulolytic microbial consortia cultured under different carbon conditions (CS and FP) differed substantially in their composition of the microbial community at the genus level. The changes in functional diversity were accompanied with variation in the composition of microorganisms, many of which are related to the degradation of lignocellulolytic materials. The genera Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas and Sphingobacterium in CS and the genera Cellvibrio and Pseudomonas in FP exhibited a much wider distribution of lignocellulose degradative ability.
Barriers in Access to Healthcare for Kenyan Queer Womxn and Trans Men: Findings of a Cross-Sectional Online Survey and Interviews
Authors: Haase Stephanie , Zweigenthal Virginia , Müller Alex
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIn many African countries, including Kenya, sexual behaviour between consenting adults of the same sex/ gender is illegal, which results in limited availability and access to health services and information for sexual and gender minorities. This results in unmet health issues for sexual and gender minorities who have a higher burden of STD/STI and HIV, STI-related cancers, and mental ill-health and trauma.MethodsWe conducted an online survey among 335 Kenyan queer womxn and trans men over the age of 18 who had at least one self-identified female sexual partner, collecting data on health service utilisation and barriers to accessing healthcare. ResultsWe identified gaps in all four areas that comprise standard of health – availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of care, exacerbated by the restrictive law and policy landscape in Kenya. Queer womxn and trans men face multiple service-access barriers, many related to stigma and discrimination, as well as concerns around provider attitudes and knowledge. Violations of human rights and privacy are a concern for queer womxn and trans men patients. There are insufficient numbers of facilities, programmes, and information to meet the needs of queer womxn and trans men, which leads to a lack of holistic care or patients delaying care and preventative interventions. ConclusionMental health and trans health are areas that are particularly poorly equipped to serve the informants’ needs, highlighting the need to address the exclusion of sexual and gender minorities in the vulnerable groups of the National Mental Health Policy. Resources regarding the use of services need to be made available, and service providers need to be educated to provide non-judgmental, inclusive care for queer womxn and trans men in Kenya.