bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of dynamic vibration characteristics and suppression of CNC machine tool during operation
Authors: Qiu Chao , Chen Xingzhou , Hui Yanbo , Siddiquee Tahir Abdul Rahman
Published: December 2020

The rapid development of aerospace, automobile, national defense and other manufacturing industries has continuously improved the performance requirements of high speed and high positioning accuracy of the CNC machine tool feed system. As the thermal deformation error increases, the system structural rigidity decreases, the vibration increases, and accuracy of machine tool reduces. Existing research mainly focuses on the properties of mechanical and single thermal feed system, and less considers the dynamic performance under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling. For the improvement of feed system performance, it is very beneficiary. This paper takes the high-speed tool of CNC feed system as objective, combined with the actual working conditions to analyze the thermal characteristics, dynamic characteristics and vibration characteristics of the system under the effect of thermal-mechanical coupling. The thermal resistance and convective heat transfer of the key joint surface, the application of moving thermal loads, and the establishment of a simulation model to complete the steady-state temperature field, transient temperature field and thermal-structure coupling analysis. The results show that the maximum temperature rise of the feed system is 21.08 °C, The maximum thermal deformation is 17.264 um. The study found that the parameters such as flow rate and airflow temperature have a significant impact on the cooling effect, so the cooling device was further optimized. This paper proposes a control method for cutting chatter of CNC machine tools based on coupling of characteristics of thermal and mechanical. The thermal characteristic of the feed system and the thermal-mechanical coupling vibration characteristic test provides the maximum temperature error of 3.2 %, verifying the correctness of the theoretical method and analysis model. The highest temperature obtained by the test is 39.7 °C, indicating that the high-speed feed system has a large thermal effect. The relative error of the vibration amplitude of the test and simulation is 12.5 %, which verifies coupling in terms of thermal-mechanical. The accuracy of the vibration analysis method; the experiment depicts that the vibration amplitude increases by 19.7 % under the coupling effect of thermal and mechanical, indicating the effectiveness of dynamic characteristics of the high-speed feed system considering the thermal-mechanical coupling effect.
Non-Standard Employment in the BRICS Countries
Authors: Sychenko E. , Laruccia M. , Cusciano D. , Chikireva I. , Wang J. , Smit P.
Published: December 2020

Non-standardization of employment has become the main trend of the labour markets in the globalized economy. Attempting to enhance the flexibility of employment relations the legislators in BRICS countries are also the part of this trend. The forms of the nonstandard employment are numerous, the present paper concentrates upon the following ones: temporary employment, part-time and multi-party employment relationship. The authors review the experience of four BRICS countries in regulating non-standard forms of employment and determine what were the specific reasons for adopting them in Russia, China, Brazil, and South Africa. The national parts are introduced by the consideration of the international standards of protection of employees working under non-standard contracts. It is argued that even though these four states did not ratify the ILO Convention No. 181 Private Employment Agencies Convention (1997) and only Russia ratified ILO Part-Time Work Convention (No. 175), the ILO approach has influenced the development of national regulations. Though the equal treatment of all workers is lacking in many aspects of employment relations. In the national parts the authors trace the changes in employment law which reflect the pursuit of flexibilization of the labour market and, as in Brazil, the need to formalize employment relations.
Formal Debt-Relief, Rescue and Liquidation Options for External Companies in South Africa
Authors: Boraine A.
Published: December 2020

This article discusses how foreign companies doing business in South Africa during periods of financial distress and registered locally as external companies are, as a recent High Court decision confirms, denied the formal debt-relief measures of business rescue and therefore a compromise with creditors because of being excluded by the definition of “company” in the Companies Act 71 of 2008. Nor, for the same reason, may these companies, if solvent, rely on the current liquidation procedures. But they may possibly use the procedure preserved in the otherwise repealed Companies Act 61 of 1973 for liquidation as far as the transitional arrangements in the Companies Act 71 of 2008 allow. The purposive solution suggested in this article for the interplay between the two Acts may need legislative attention. This article surveys other possibilities relevant to these companies such as informal voluntary arrangements, applications for winding-up, ordinary debt collection, and perhaps compulsory sequestration applications. Finally, it raises the policy issue for the legislature to consider why these companies should be denied business rescue and/or a compromise with their creditors when these formal debtrelief measures might help them survive their financial stress and emerge stronger, to the advantage of themselves, their creditors, their stakeholders and communities, and the entire nation. It is submitted that these issues could and should be considered as part of the current law reform process of South African insolvency law.
Development and Characteristics of Novel PLGA-chitosan as a New Nanocarrier for Pentavalent Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Alikhani Zahra , Kazemi-Pour Nadia , Shafieeardestani Mehdi , Noofeli Mojtaba
Published: December 2020

Background:

Lately, the employment of nano-carriers has been known as an optimistic means of drug and
vaccine delivery.

Objective:

Nano vaccines are a novel tier of vaccines that can develop humoral and cellular immune
responses and can be introduced as a practical and secure nano vaccine candidate for the prevention
of diseases. The purpose of this study was to accomplish and use biodegradable nano-carriers for the
synthesis of pentavalent vaccine and immunogenicity evaluation in the animal models. The PLGA
nanoparticle was prepared and modified with chitosan nanoparticles. Nano-carrier PLGA-chitosan
was loaded by the DTP-HepB-Hib antigens and confirmed by DLS, SEM, TEM and FT-IR, then
in vitro loading and release were evaluated. Toxicity was assessed by the MTT method in the
Hec293 cells. Antigenicity evaluation and histopathological study were conducted by injection of
new nano pentavalent vaccines in the BALB/c mice and the immune response was measured in the
serum samples through an indirect ELISA method.

Results:

Conclusions drawn from the current study exhibited the plausible ability of nano-carrier to
deliver the vaccine. A notable increase was shown in total IgG and IgM antibodies examined in
mice vaccinated with new nano vaccines. The histopathological study in the treated mice showed no
toxicity in the vital organs of mice.

Conclusion:

The engineered vaccine delivery system showed the ability to induce robust immune responses and also the
suitability features of the PLGA-chitosan as a promising carrier to improve vaccine delivery.
Synthesis, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Azo-Oxazolone and Their Ring Opening Azo-Benzamide Derivatives
Authors: Ayoob Mzgin M. , Hussein Awaz J. , Samad Mohammed K. , Dege Necmi , Hawaiz Farouq E. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Hussain Faiq H.S.
Published: December 2020

Aims:

This article describes the controlled synthesis and characterization of azo oxazolone scaffold compounds
containing multifunctional groups such as carbonyl group, imine and carbon-carbon double bond. The
reaction of the azo-oxazolone with aromatic amines led to the ring-opening of the azo-oxazolone into the corresponding
azo-benzamide derivatives in a short time (average 10 min), resulting in high yield (>90%). All newly
synthesized compounds were characterized by the common spectral analysis such as UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR,
Elemental analysis and MS spectrometry.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to synthesize new bioactive azo-benzamides by using azo-oxazolone as a
synthon utilizing its ring-opening function.

Materials and Methods:

Azo-benzamide derivatives were prepared in very good yield via ring-opening reaction
of azo-oxazolone with aromatic amines in the presence of acetic acid under reflux for few minutes.

Conclusion:

The new azo-oxazolone 4 and azo-benzamide compounds 5a, 5c, 5f, 5h, 5j were screened against
Escherichia coli as G(-ve) and Staphylococcus aureus as G(+ve) using ciprofloxacin as a standard. All compounds
showed high inhibition potency against E-Coli but low inhibition for S-aureus. Compounds 4, 5c, and 5J
showed more reactivity against E-coli.

Others:

Others: Also, the compounds were tested for their anti-oxidant activity by both DPPH and FRAP methods. The
results showed that some compounds possessed moderate anti-oxidant activity in comparison to ascorbic acid as
control, typically the compounds bearing OCH3 and OCH2CH3 groups.
Evaluation of Salivary Helicobacter pylori, Calcium, Urea, pH and Flow Rate in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Teimoori Farshad , Hajilooei Mehrdad , Abdolsamadi Hamidreza , Eslami Khadijeh , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Ahmadi- Motamayel Fatemeh
Published: December 2020

Background:

Helicobacter pylori infection identified as a major cause of stomach ulcers, chronic inflammation
and gastric cancer in hemodialysis patients. Dialysis also leads to changes in the composition and flow of saliva.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the salivary Helicobacter pylori infection, Calcium, Urea, pH and flow
rate in hemodialysis patients in comparison to the healthy control group.

Method:

In this study 48 hemodialysis patients and 48 healthy subjects were compared. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by PCR method. Calcium, Urea, pH, salivary flow and gastrointestinal complications in both
groups were measured and compared.

Results:

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 12.48 (25.0%) in the study group and 2.48 (4.2%) in the controls. (P=0.000).
Urea, calcium and pH were significantly higher in the patient group .The mean salivary flow rate decreased significantly in
the patient group. 58.3% of patients group had gastrointestinal complications.

Conclusion:

Oral cavity as an important external source of Helicobacter pylori may play an important role in gastrointestinal problems of hemodialysis patients. Helicobacter pylori, Urea, calcium and pH were significantly higher in the patient
group .Chronic renal failure can increase pH, urea and calcium in saliva and decrease salivary flow rate.
An Ensemble of Bacterial Foraging, Genetic, Ant Colony and Particle
Swarm Approach EB-GAP: A Load Balancing Approach in Cloud
Computing
Authors: Dewangan Bhupesh Kumar , Choudhury Tanupriya , Jain Anurag , Shukla Ram Narayan
Published: December 2020

Background:

In the cloud environment, satisfaction of service level agreement (SLA) is the prime objective. It
can be achieved by providing services in minimum time in an efficient manner at the lowest cost by efficiently utilizing
the resources. This will create a win-win situation for both consumer and service provider. Through literature analysis, it
has been found that the procedure of resource optimization is quite costly and time-consuming.

Objective:

The research aim is to design and develop an efficient load-balancing technique for the satisfaction of service
level agreement and the utilization of resources in an efficient manner.

Methods:

To achieve this, authors have proposed a new load-balancing algorithm named eB-GAP by picking the best
features from Bacterial Foraging, Genetic, Particle-Swarm, and Ant-Colony algorithm. Based on the availability of
resources and load on a virtual machine, a fitness value is assigned to all virtual machines.

Results:

A newly arrived task is mapped with the fittest virtual machine. Whenever a new task is mapped or left the
system, the fitness value of the virtual machine is updated. In this manner, the system achieves the satisfaction of service
level agreement, the balance of the load, and efficient utilization of resources. To test the proposed approach, the authors
have used the real-time cloud environment of amazon web service. In this, waiting time, completion time, execution time,
throughput, and cost have been computed in a real-time environment.
Antibiotic Residues and Microbial Contamination in Animal-Derived Foodstuffs in Pontianak City, Indonesia
Authors: Tribudi Yuli Arif , Lestari Oke Anandika , Alfius Musa , Hidayatullah Arif
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, demand for foods of animal origin is not limited in terms of quantity, but also the quality, nutritional value and safety for human consumption. Animal-derived foodstuffss can contain biological and chemical hazards through a contamination process. The aim of this study was to detect antibiotic residues and microbial contaminants in animal-derived foodstuffs, i.e. chicken meat, eggs, beef and pork. Samples were collected from different traditional markets (Flamboyan, Mawar, Kemuning and Dahlia) in Pontianak city, Indonesia. Antibiotic residues in foodstuffs were detected using the bioassay method against 4 classes of antibiotics (aminoglycoside, macrolide, penicillin and tetracycline), while the tested microbial contaminants included total plate count (TPC), Escherichia coli, Coliform and Salmonella sp.. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that antibiotic residues were only detected in chicken products. In chicken meat, 3 (60%) samples tested positive for tetracycline, while in chicken eggs, 3 (60%) and 5 (100%) samples tested positive for aminoglycoside and penicillin, respectively. As per the SNI 7388:2009, of the analyzed samples, 12 (100%) chicken meat, 6 (75%) beef and 5 (100%) pork samples exceeded the limit for TPC; 5 (41.67%) chicken meat and 5 (100%) pork samples exceeded the limit for both coliform bacteria and E. coli; and 7 (58.33%) chicken meat and 3 (37.5%) beef samples were positive for Salmonella. In conclusion, considerable levels of microbial contamination were detected in chicken and beef products in Pontianak city.
Mechanical, Chemical and Microstructure Properties of Composite Edible Film Added with Modified Casein
Authors: Apriliyani Mulia W. , Andriani Ria Dewi , Rahayu Premy Puspitawati , Purwadi Purwadi , Manab Abdul
Published: December 2020

Edible film is potentially applied to replace non-biodegradable packaging for animal products, e.g. meat and meat products. The overall objective of this study was to observe the effect of different addition levels of modified casein hydrolysate (casein-catechin complexes) on mechanical (film thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elasticity), chemical (moisture content, water activity, and solubility) and microstructure properties of composite edible casein film. The edible films were formulated according to different combinations of modified casein hydrolysate and casein film solution (0.50:0.25, 0.50:0.50, 0.75:0.25, and 0.75:0.50) and compared with control (without addition of modified casein). No significant effects of the treatment were found on film thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elasticity, moisture content, water activity, and solubility of the composite edible film. However, the micrographs show that the amount of polymer was higher as the proportion of catechin was increased. In conclusion, the addition of catechin-added casein (modified casein) to casein edible film solution at up to 0.5% did not alter the mechanical properties, moisture content, water activity and solubility of the composite edible film.
Irigasi Otomatis Berbasis Kelembaban Tanah pada Lahan Berpasir di Wilayah Pesisir Pantai
Authors:   Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Sudarmaji Arief , Kuncoro Purwoko Hari ,   Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Margiwiyatno Agus ,   Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Saparso Saparso ,   Universitas Jendral Soedirman
Published: December 2020

Kawasan pesisir masih memiliki banyak lahan marginal yang potensial untuk budidaya pertanian. Salah satu aspek penting dalam budidaya di wilayah pesisir adalah penggunaan air yang efektif untuk pertumbuhan tanaman yang optimal. Metode irigasi tradisional tidak terlalu efektif dan berbiaya tinggi. Makalah ini menyajikan desain irigasi otomatis berdasarkan kelembaban tanah untuk lahan berpasir. Sensor kelembaban tanah berupa probe sederhana dan biaya rendah dibangun dalam sistem otomatis berbasis Arduino-Mega sebagai alat pengendali utama. Algoritma dua set point Kontrol On-Off yang dapat disesuaikan penerapannya untuk menjaga kelembaban tanah berpasir pada kisaran kapasitas lapang dan titik layu permanen. Pengujian probe kelembaban tanah menunjukkan respon yang cukup cepat dan tidak linier terhadap perubahan kelembaban tanah. Sistem irigasi dapat bekerja dengan baik pada set point yang diinginkan (antara 12% dan 20% kelembaban tanah berpasir). Pompa listrik 125W yang digunakan mampu melayani 8 sprinkler untuk tiap petak lahan (@ 1x2 m2).
Analisis Fisikokimia Chip dan Tepung Talas (Colocasia esculenta) pada Perlakuan Kadar Air dan Kecepatan Penggilingan
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Indriani Dina Wahyu , Sugiarto Yusron ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Hawa La Choviya ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: December 2020

Colocasia esculenta (Umbi talas) memiliki kandungan serat yang tinggi apabila dibandingkan dengan umbi ketela rambat yaitu sekitar 0,6-0,8 g/100g, dan protein sekitar 2-6g/100g yang mana kandungan ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tubuh manusia sebagai sumber protein dan serat yangbaik bagi tubuh manusia. Akan tetapi dengan nilai serat dan protein yang terdapat pada umbi tersebut dapat mengalami kerusakan yang dikarenakan kandungan kadar air yang tinggi, serangan mikroba dan kerusakan lain ketika pemanenan dan penyimpanan sehingga dilakukan alternatif lain yakni diolah menjadi tepung talas. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan tepung dengan menggunakan disc mill yang bertujuan meningkatkan keseragaman ukuran butiran tepung talas yang dihasilkan serta mampu mengoptimasi produk hasil olahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan dua faktorial yaitu kadar air chip talas (10, 15, dan 20%) dan kecepatan penggilingan tipe disc mill (1000, 2000, dan 3000 rpm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa chips talas dengan kadar air 10, 15 dan 20% didapatkan dalam rentang waktu 100, 85 dan 75 menit. Dengan nilai karakteristik pada perlakuan tepung talas 20% diperoleh kadar protein sebesar 4,19%, kadar lemak 0,46%, kadar abu 4,01% dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 82,35%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh kadar air chip berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik kimia dalam pembuatan tepung talas.
POLYMORPHIC SBD PREPROCESSOR: A PREPROCESSING APPROACH FOR SOCIAL BIG DATA
Authors: Jadiya Amit K. , Chaudhary Archana , Thakur Ramesh
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the social media has become a powerful tool for sharing people thoughts and feelings. As a result data is being generated, analyzed and used with a tremendous growth rate. The data generated by numerous updates, comments, news, opinions and product reviews in social websites is very useful for getting insights. As there are multiple sources, the size, speed and formats of the gathered data affects the overall quality of information. To achieve quality information, preprocessing step is very important and decides future roadmap for efficient big data analysis approach. In context to social big data we are addressing the preprocessing phase which includes cleaning of data, identifying noise, data normalization, data transformation, handling missing values and data integration. In this paper we have proposed a new approach polymorphic SBD (Social Big Data) preprocessor which provides efficient results with multiple social big data sets. Also available data preprocessing methods for big data are presented in this paper. After efficient and successful data preprocessing steps, the output data set will be efficient, well formed and suitable source for any big data analysis approach to be applied afterwards. The paper also presents an example case and evaluates min-max normalization, z-score normalization and data mapping for the case presented.
Predictors and Consequences of Veterans Affairs Mental Health Provider Burnout: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Zivin Kara , Kononowech Jennifer , Boden Matthew , Abraham Kristen , Harrod Molly , Sripada Rebecca K , Kales Helen C , Garcia Hector A , Pfeiffer Paul
Published: December 2020

Background

In the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), mental health providers (MHPs) report the second highest level of burnout after primary care physicians. Burnout is defined as increased emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and decreased sense of personal accomplishment at work.

Objective

This study aims to characterize variation in MHP burnout by VHA facility over time, identifying workplace characteristics and practices of high-performing facilities.

Methods

Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, we will evaluate factors that influence MHP burnout and their effects on patient outcomes. We will compile annual survey data on workplace conditions and annual staffing as well as productivity data to assess same and subsequent year provider and patient outcomes reflecting provider and patient experiences. We will conduct interviews with mental health leadership at the facility level and with frontline MHPs sampled based on our quantitative findings. We will present our findings to an expert panel of operational partners, Veterans Affairs clinicians, administrators, policy leaders, and experts in burnout. We will reengage with facilities that participated in the earlier qualitative interviews and will hold focus groups that share results based on our quantitative and qualitative work combined with input from our expert panel. We will broadly disseminate these findings to support the development of actionable policies and approaches to addressing MHP burnout.

Results

This study will assist in developing and testing interventions to improve MHP burnout and employee engagement. Our work will contribute to improvements within VHA and will generate insights for health care delivery, informing efforts to address burnout.

Conclusions

This is the first comprehensive, longitudinal, national, mixed methods study that incorporates different types of MHPs. It will engage MHP leadership and frontline providers in understanding facilitators and barriers to effectively address burnout.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/18345
Mindfulness Meditation – From Traditional Approaches to Mobile Applications (Preprint)
Authors: Liebher Magnus , Tang Yi-Yuan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Since the 1970s, psychological and neuroscientific research has had an increasing interest in mindfulness meditation. The resulting findings were followed by various programs which are based on the same idea: mindfulness meditation is a process of openly attending, with awareness to one’s present moment experience. In recent years the traditional programs have been turned more and more into digital applications, which promise increased spatial and temporal flexibility as well as an individual use. However, the large number of mobile applications offered contrasts with few evidence-based programs.

OBJECTIVE

The present review aims to consider the potential of mobile but also traditional programs to improve executive functions and alter neural mechanisms, in order to meet the growing demands of our digitized everyday life.

METHODS

-

RESULTS

By reviewing previous empirical findings and theoretical considerations, we describe short-term and long-term effects of both types as well as challenges and limitations with which they are faced.

CONCLUSIONS

Furthermore, we provide potential solutions for future programs with a specific focus of improving executive functions and underlying neural mechanisms.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Исследование влияния шероховатости боковых стенок световодного слоя из Si3N4 различной толщины на оптические потери в интегральном волноводе, сформированном на кварцевой подложке
Authors: Якухина А.В. , Горелов Д.В. , Кадочкин А.С. , Генералов С.С. , Амеличев В.В. , Светухин В.В.
Published: December 2020

В настоящей статье представлены результаты исследования влияния шероховатости боковых стенок световодного слоя из нитрида кремния толщиной 100 и 200 нм на оптические потери в интегральных волноводах шириной 3 и 8 мкм. Представлен расчет основных параметров шероховатости боковых стенок световодного слоя, оказывающих наибольшее влияние на оптические потери в волноводе, проведенный методом конечных временных разностей. На основании данного расчета была установлена оптимальная толщина световодного слоя из нитрида, позволяющая удерживать световой поток. За основу расчета при построении модели были взяты данные, полученные в ходе исследования РЭМ-снимков, изготовленных волноводных структур. Результаты приведенных расчетов согласуются с данными, полученными в результате исследования посредством рефлектометрии в частотной области рефлектометра обратного рассеяния изготовленных волноводов с толщиной световодного слоя из нитрида кремния 200 нм и шириной 3 и 8 мкм.
COMBINED SYSTEM CONTROLLER WITH AN IMPLICIT REFERENCE FOR OUTPUT CON-TROL OF A STRUCTURALLY INDETERMINATE NON-AFFINE PLANT WITH AN UN-KNOWN STATE DELAY
Authors:   E.L. Eremin Amur State University, Eremin E.L. , Nikiforova L.V. ,   L.V. Nikiforova Amur State University, Shelenok E.A. ,   E.A. Shelenok Amur State University
Published: December 2020

We study the problem of controlling the output of a non-affine plant with a state delay, the mathemati-cal model of which is structurally and parametrically a priori uncertain. Within the framework of ap-plying the hyperstability criterion and L-dissipativity conditions, as well as using an implicit reference model and filter correctors in the control system, we consider the use of a combined controller with minimal structural complexity, but ensuring the achievement of the set control goal in a given class of non-affine objects with an unknown state delay.
ALGORITHM WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ELEMENTS FOR DETERMINING THE SOURCE OF FIRE BY ANALYZING VIDEO IMAGES
Authors:   E. Bakin, Bakin E. , Donets S. ,   S. Donets, Popov N. ,   N. Popov
Published: December 2020

An algorithm that allows identifying flame on video footage is presented. The article describes the re-sults of testing a program that implements the algorithm using video footage captured by Canon Power Shot A540 camera in resolution of 320 by 240, 15fps.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRIC SPARK ALLOYING. PART 2: DEVELOPING RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, CRITERIA AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, IVANOV VALERIY , KONEVTSOV LEONID ,   Institute of Materials Science of Khabarovsk Scientific Center of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

There is no systematic information in the literature about the methodology for achieving the required functional properties of the executive surfaces of various objects: machine parts, tools and technological equipment for mechanical processing of materials in cold and hot conditions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a methodology for creating executive surfaces of parts for various purposes using electric spark alloying and justifying the criteria and parameters for evaluating this method. (Materials and methods) The authors created a methodological base by using the deductive method with gradual level specification and addition of the developed topics. The basis of the development was the four-link paradigm of G. V. Samsonov “composition-technology-structure-properties”, supplemented by a feature of the functional purpose of the material and extended features of the composition and technology. Authors used a hypothetical-deductive model for obtaining scientific knowledge to develop a methodology for creating executive surfaces of parts using the ESA method. (Results and discussion) The article shows the role of hardness, melting temperature, and elastic modulus of materials in the formation of electric spark coatings and their properties, identifies technological variants of the doped layer macrostructure, reveals the wettability of the anode material with the cathode material, the mutual solubility of the materials of the "anode-cathode-medium" system, and their chemical affinity. (Conclusions) The article presents the methodological schemes for the study and selection of the anode material, which largely determines the desired properties of the doped layer. Authors proposed a methodological approach to the development of criteria and indicators for the effectiveness of electric spark alloying, analysis and generalization of the main methodological provisions for strengthening and restoring the executive surfaces by this method, taking into account their functional purpose. The article considers a number of dominant factors that affect the efficiency of electrospark doping, as well as the selection and development of performance criteria in the field of surface materialology.
INCREASING THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF THE WORKING BODIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES BY THE HDTV METHOD WITH ADDING POWDER OF THE EED METHOD
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, ROMANOV IL’YA
Published: December 2020

The development of energy and resource-saving methods and technologies for strengthening and restoring the working bodies of agricultural machinery will increase their abrasive wear resistance and durability by using materials from machine-building waste and reduce the cost by 10-30 percent without reducing operational characteristics. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the abrasive wear resistance and durability of cultivator legs by surfacing powder materials obtained by electroerosive dispersion from solid alloy waste by high-frequency currents. (Materials and methods) Authors obtained a powder for research on their own experimental installations of the CCP "Nano-Center" of electroerosive dispersion from waste of sintered hard alloys of the T15K6 brand. The microhardness of powders and coatings on microshifts was measured using the PMT-3 device, and the hardness of coatings with the KMT-1 microhardometer was measured using the Rockwell method according to GOST 9013-59. The microwave-40AV installation was used to assess the wear resistance of materials of working bodies of tillage machines. (Results and discussion) In the course of laboratory wear tests the relative wear resistance of samples hardened by high-frequency surfacing currents significantly exceeds the wear resistance of non-hardened samples made OF 65g steel, accepted as the reference standard. (Conclusions) Based on the results of experimental studies, the article proposes a new resource-saving technological process for strengthening the working bodies of agricultural machinery through the use of materials from machine-building waste, which allows increasing the abrasive wear resistance of working bodies by 1.5-2 times due to the use of tungsten-containing materials.
REEQUIPMENT OF A CULTIVATOR FOR SPREADING GRAIN ON STUBBLE
Authors:   Cheboksary Institute (branch) of the Moscow Polytechnic University, TABAKOV PETR , TABAKOV VASILIY ,   LLC Batyrevskaya Selkhoztekhnika, TABAKOV ALEKSEY ,   LLC Batyrevskaya Selkhoztekhnika, TABAKOV ALEKSANDR ,   LLC Batyrevskaya Selkhoztekhnika
Published: December 2020

Compared to 1990, the Chuvash Republic's acreage decreased by 25 percent. The gross production of agricultural products is also reduced accordingly. One of the most important ways to maintain the efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet is the modernization of existing equipment. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reequipment of the cultivator into a sowing unit for scattered sowing on stubble, testing it in the field, organizing mass production and applying a patent for its design. (Materials and methods) The article shows the possibility of converting the cultivator into a sowing unit for grain crops of scattered sowing on stubble without tillage from decommissioned agricultural machines in the conditions of agricultural enterprises. (Results and discussion) The main reserve for reducing the cost of crop production is the use of combined tillage and sowing machines, which allow several operations to be performed in one pass of the unit. the standard cultivator paw was upgraded with a stand from the cultivator-deep cultivator KFG-3,6 for scattered seeding. It was proved that the cost of modernization is minimal; a patent was applied. (Conclusions) With the intra-soil spread method of sowing grain crops, one can get the optimal area of plant nutrition by placing them evenly in the soil. Since 22 percent of the sown area in the Middle Volga region is subject to wind and water erosion, the use of resource-saving seeding technologies becomes even more relevant. The method of reequipping the cultivator for sowing grain crops will make it possible to sow acreage that is empty due to a lack of agricultural machinery.
FROM GOELRO TO ELECTRO-ROBOTIZATION OF AGRICULTURE ACCORDING. ON THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC AGROENGINEERING CENTER VIM
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, KRAUSP VALENTIN
Published: December 2020

For almost 100 years that have passed from GOELRO to the ECO-1VK project (Electro-Robotic organic plants of the 1st modification of Valentin Krausp), new theoretical positions are developed, practical solutions made under the guidance of the founders of scientific schools, including the author of this article, are found and patented, and subsequent scientific and technical, technological and complex interdisciplinary solutions for electrification, automation and electrobotization of agricultural conveyor machine technologies are shown. (Research purpose). The research purpose is in analyzing the time stages of development and implementation of industrial technologies in agricultural production. (Materials and methods). The research materials are historical documents, archives, and scientific works of famous scientists who laid the foundations for the development of electrification, automation, and robotics in the agro-industrial complex. (Results and discussion). Author analyzed the stages of development and implementation of electrification, automation and robotization of agricultural production. The article describes each stage, notes their advantages and features. The article presents the final stage of creating conveyor technologies for food production in the full "field-shop" cycle, in which the main role is played by electric robotics and intellectualization of production and processing of organic waste into fertilizer. (Conclusions) The article highlights the history of the development of agricultural science and the author's youth scientific school. International cooperation through CMEA has allowed us to reach the international level in the automation of dairy farming. It also allowed the developing of mathematical optimizations of technologies for dairy farms and fattening of young farm animals. Research has been conducted and have been developed integrated automation systems with automated control systems for farms in dairy farming. The author's developed model design of ECO-1VK modular plant of 1st modification, which comprehensively solved all the problems: social by creating agricultural cities that provides youth in urban life; brought a new generation of youth: cyber-zoo-technologists, veterinarians, engineers, managers. The ecological cleanliness of feed production fields is ensured; animals are kept in natural conditions without the use of antibiotics; milk and meat are processed into organic food.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF FRICTION GEOMODIFIERS
Authors:   Research & Production Trading Company SUPROTEC, LAVROV YURIY
Published: December 2020

The article considers the rationale for the optimal mineral composition of friction geomodifiers for improving the tribological properties of friction surfaces. The practice of maintenance and repair of automotive equipment can be significantly supplemented by non-traditional tribotechnics for the non-selective restoration of worn-out friction interfaces and prevention of new equipment. The use of friction geomodifiers as an additive to lubricants dramatically changes the friction conditions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a methodology for selecting the optimal mineral composition for friction geomodifiers to the technologies of maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The article describes a study of 27 minerals for tribo-compositions using the ii5018 friction machine using the traditional method. (Results and discussion) A statistical analysis of the results of tribo-tests of different mineral compositions was performed to assess the effect of the petrocomposition on the effectiveness of friction geomodifiers...
Empleo de compostaje con residuos orgánicos producidos por los equinos para mejorar su disposición final en una escuela de policía
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Díaz Figueroa John Edisson , Vargas Galván Giovanni Andrés ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Acevedo Giraldo Julián David ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Montaña Fandiño Jhon Edison ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: December 2020

Este proyecto de investigación realizó la evaluación de dos mezclas con los residuos orgánicos generados por los semovientes en la Escuela de Aviación Policial; esto, con la finalidad de obtener compost o abono orgánico a través del proceso de compostaje aerobio por pila estática, el cual debe cumplir con los parámetros de calidad establecidos y pueda ser utilizado en el enriquecimiento de los suelos y propagación de material vegetal en la Institución. También, se tiene la posibilidad de transferir el conocimiento y la tecnología del proceso del compostaje desarrollado, por parte de la Policía Nacional a otras instituciones, comunidades o gremios que tengan equinos. El proceso de compostaje duró tres meses (30 de junio hasta el 28 de agosto del año 2017) y los abonos orgánicos obtenidos a través de las mezclas 1 y 2, presentaron los siguientes valores respectivamente: Relación carbono/ nitrógeno 15.39 y 15.43, porcentaje de humedad del 34.80% y 34.70 %, porcentaje de materia orgánica (MO) del 23.29 y 23.35, el pH 7.2 y 7.1 y contenido medio de fósforo total fue de 1.07 y 1.06, los cuales no presentaron grandes diferencias con los valores recomendados en la literatura como óptimos.
Desafíos normativos y económicos del régimen de asignación de retiro de la Policía Nacional de Colombia
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Pedraza Uribe Luisa Fernanda , Cuellar Humo Gersson ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Mojica Figueroa Luis Antonio ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: December 2020

Este libro presenta los resultados de la investigación “Desafíos normativos y económicos del régimen de asignación de retiro de la Policía Nacional” realizada en el año 2019, con el fin de plantear alternativas de solución al régimen de asignación de retiro para la Policía Nacional de Colombia, mediante la interpretación sistémica de los desafíos normativos y económicos. Se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo y el paradigma histórico/hermenéutico,con enfoque de teoría fundamentada en investigación socio-jurídica, con el propósito de desarrollar los siguientes objetivos específicos: i) identificar los fundamentos jurídicos del régimen de asignación de retiro de la Policía Nacional, ii) revisar la sostenibilidad financiera del régimen de asignación de retiro de la Policía Nacional y iii) plantear alternativas para el manejo del pasivo pensional de la Policía Nacional. El principal resultado de la investigación es la creación del sistema especial de asignación de retiro y pensión para la Policía Nacional, un modelo soportado en pilares que pretende integrar, organizar y establecer diversas fuentes de capitalización para garantizar a largo plazo la sostenibilidad financiera del mismo.
Zur Baltistik in Schweden um die Mitte der siebziger Jahre des vergangenen Jahrhunderts
Authors: Eckert Rainer
Published: December 2020

Der Artikel bietet einen kurzen Überblick über die Forschung zur baltischen Sprache in Schweden im 20. Jahrhundert. Die Aktivitäten von Linguisten in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren werden genauer untersucht. Der Artikel erwähnt die wichtigsten veröffentlichten Bücher sowie wissenschaftliche Konferenzen über baltische Studien in Schweden. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Slawisten und Baltisten der ehemaligen DDR und Schweden in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren wird ebenfalls kurz erörtert.
Vai liekam punktu?
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Rozentāls Linards , Salmane-Kuļikovska Ieva , Ūdre Ilze
Published: December 2020

The article “Do We Put a Full Stop?” describes the development of digitalization within the Christian church, which was significantly accelerated by the impact of the crisis caused by Covid-19, based on several surveys conducted in Europe, including Latvia. The Covid-19 crisis has necessitated the rapid development of various digital formats of proclaiming the Gospel. They attracted more people than the previous analogue worship services. However, a distinction should be made between streaming analogue formats and creating a specific digital offer characterized by digital belonging, participation, and interactive relationships. It is not clear at this moment whether these formats have a sustainable character or whether they are a transitory phenomenon. The digitalization of church work has also raised issues such as digital Holy Communion, the advantages of a network of small, horizontally structured communities versus large, hierarchically formed congregations and churches with a large analogue infrastructure. The development of the digital church alongside the proclamation in analogue formats is inevitable. The future of the church is hybrid – analogue and digital. Digital formats will develop alongside analogue without replacing them, while the analogue church will be enriched by the influence of public digital church platforms. The digital church is not an adjunct, but an important and essential part of the work of the congregation and the church.
Cerību laiks: LELB kontakti ar Anglijas baznīcu arhibīskapa Gustava Tūra darbības laikā (1946–1968)
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Tēraudkalns Valdis
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyse relationships of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia (ELCL) with the Church of England during Gustavs Tūrs’ time as archbishop. Special attention is given to his visit to U.K. in 1955 as a member of the delegation of Soviet clergy. These contacts are placed in various contexts – theological, socio-political, personal relationships. “Voices” from various sources are placed face to face and confronted with each other. The author has explored materials previously unused in scientific circulation in Latvia – the archive files stored at the Lambeth Palace Library (London). Contacts between the two churches is a continuation of relationships maintained before the Second World War. Delegations of the Lutheran Churches in Estonia and in Latvia had meetings with representatives of the Church of England in 1936 and in 1938. These negotiations resulted in agreement on intercommunion that because of the war was never ratified but respected by the involved parties. The first years after Stalin’s death was a “thaw”, when repression and censorship in the Soviet Union was relaxed. The renewed interest of Soviet leadership in using religious organizations for Soviet foreign politics was used by churches to further their own aims. They tried to reap additional benefits from the Soviet-inspired “parade ecumenism” – theological studies abroad, exchange visits, etc. However, it was not achieved without compromises. Here pops up a theme of collaborationism, which still is sensitive in post-Soviet countries. It may seem easy to evaluate this phenomenon from today’s perspective, whereas for people having no hope that situation would change in their lifetime, adjusting to the political realities was the only option they had. Of course, the question remains what kind of concessions they made to the Soviet system. Contacts between the churches in U.K. and Latvia helped to exchange information; they paved the way to membership in international organizations like the World Lutheran Federation. For Anglicans, the main emphasis during the visit of the delegation of Soviet clergy in 1955 was on Orthodox-Anglican relationships. It is related to the fact that the High-Church movement at that time was at its zenith of influence in the Church of England. The attitude of the Latvian Lutheran Church in diaspora was negative, because it did not recognize ELCL as legitimate, nevertheless, this attitude was not consistent, because the leadership of diaspora church simultaneously tried to maintain personal contacts with the colleagues in Latvia.
Investigation of Seiche Oscillations in the Adjacent Bays by the Example of the Sevastopol and the Quarantine Bays
Authors: Manilyuk Yu. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Lazorenko D. I. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation, Fomin V. V. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Purpose. The paper is aimed at studying the seiche structure in the adjacent bays' system of real configuration. Methods and Results. The response of the Sevastopol and Quarantine bays (Black Sea) to sea level fluctuations set at the open boundary of the computational domain has been studied. A number of random harmonics within the range of the eigen periods of these bays were used as fluctuations. The ADCIRC numerical model was applied for simulating. The numerical experiments were performed for three ranges obtained from the analytical estimates: 30–52, 8–30 and 1–15 min. The energy-bearing periods of seiche oscillations were revealed for both bays. The mutual influence of these bays was also studied. Conclusions. The above mentioned wave disturbances lead to generation of the seiche oscillations in the bays. For the Sevastopol Bay, their periods are 48, 22, 16, 10 and 6 min, for the Quarantine Bay – 11.4 and 4.8 min. The number of the generated modes is determined by the interval of the wave disturbance periods. The bays have a mutual influence on each other due to the wave energy exchange through their entrances. At that intensity of the eigen modes of the Sevastopol Bay penetrating the Quarantine Bay can exceed intensity of those of the Quarantine Bay. In both bays, the seiches with the largest amplitudes are induced by the disturbances, the periods of which are in the interval 30–52 min.