Green Betel Leaves Extract and Red Betel Leaves Extract South Kalimantan And Central Kalimantan Indonesia are the Best Combination to Inhibit Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Dewi Vonny Khresna , Barkinah Tut , Kirana Rita , Setiawati Erni , Suhrawardi  , Laili Fitria Jannatul , Zakiah  , Mallongi Anwar 
Published: November 2023

Objective: Know “Herbal Medicine Formulation Emulgel Preparation Combination of Red Betel Leaf Extract and Green Betel Leaf Extract Rawa South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan Indonesiaas an inhibitor of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
 
Theoretical framework: Postpartum infections are the second leading cause of maternal death in Indonesia after bleeding. This research was within the theoretical framework of perineal wound care to assess the effectiveness of betel leaves in treating wounds (Damarini et al, 2012). Betel leaves have a distinctive aroma because they contain 1−4.2% essential oil, water, protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins A, B, C, iodine, sugar and starch. Of these various contents, in there essential oils are natural phenols which have antiseptic power 5 times stronger than ordinary phenols (bactericides and fungicides) but not sporacids.  Essential oil from betel leaves contains 30% phenol and several derivatives.   (Chakraborty, 2011). Essential oils act as anti-bacterials by interfering with the process of forming membranes or cell walls so that they do not form or form imperfectly (Ajizah, 2008).
 
Method: Type of true experimental research. The ingredients used are red and green betel leaves originating from South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. The leaves are dried, then extracted using the maceration method, then the extract is dried. The extract was made in emulgel dosage form, then the physical properties of the emulgel were tested. Data was analyzed statistically.
 
Results and conclusion: The formulation was able to produce an emulgel preparation from a combination of green and red swamp betel leaf extracts from South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan.Test results of the physical properties of the emulgel product, a combination of green and red swamp betel leaf extracts in South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, with formula 1 results, namely homogeneous, viscosity 3173 Centipoise (cps), adhesive power 7.70 seconds, spread ability 8.62 cm2, and pH 6.23. while formula 2 is homogeneous, viscosity 3259 cps, adhesion power 7.80 seconds, spread ability 8.30 cm2, and pH 6.33. The results of statistical tests on the physical properties of the emulgel product, a combination of green and red swamp betel leaf extracts in South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan as inhibitors of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, show that formula 2 has the best ability when compared to placebo and formula 1. Emulgel formulation of Green Betel leaves extract and Red Betel leaves South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan as inhibitions to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus which fulfill the physical requirements emulgel and formula 2 have the best ability.
 
Implications of the research: this research has implications for continuing (Damarini et al, 2012) to focus on preventing perineal wound in postpartum mother against bacteria.