bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keefektifan tiga jenis perangkap serangga untuk deteksi serangga hama gudang yang menyerang bungkil kopra
Authors: Budiman Diana , Dadang Dadang , Harahap Idham Sakti
Published: May 2020

Serangga hama gudang dapat menyebabkan penolakan konsumen dan kerugian ekonomi berkaitan dengan masalah mutu atau persyaratan fitosanitari. Keefektifan perangkap serangga pada komoditas bungkil kopra yang disimpan masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menentukan keefektifan tiga jenis perangkap serangga dalam mendeteksi serangga hama gudang pada bungkil kopra. Perangkap serangga yang diuji terdiri atas perangkap jebakan, perangkap colokan, dan perangkap cahaya dari lampu ultraviolet (UV) blacklight dan LED (light emiting diode). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Entomologi SEAMEO BIOTROP dan dua gudang penyimpanan bungkil kopra (GPBK) di Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Percobaan di laboratorium menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial yang terdiri atas dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis perangkap serangga, yaitu perangkap jebakan, perangkap colokan, dan perangkap colokan dengan LED UV dan  faktor kedua adalah spesies serangga, yaitu Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) dan Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius). Percobaan di gudang penyimpanan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok tersarang, yaitu spesies serangga terperangkap tersarang pada masing-masing perangkap serangga yang digunakan di GPBK. Hasil pengujian di laboratorium menunjukkan perangkap colokan lebih banyak menangkap serangga (30,4%) yang berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perangkap jebakan (17,3%), tetapi serangga yang tertangkap tidak berbeda nyata antara perangkap colokan dengan perangkap colokan dengan LED UV (21%). Pengujian di gudang menunjukkan bahwa perangkap colokan lebih efektif dalam memerangkap T. castaneum dan Tenebroides mauritanicus dibandingkan perangkap serangga lainnya, sedangkan perangkap colokan dengan LED UV lebih efektif dalam mendeteksi L. serricorne and Necrobia rufipes  (Fabricius) di GPBK.
Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee) oviposition preferences on maize (Zea mays Linn), king grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), and cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica (L.)
Authors: Da-Lopez Yosefus F. , Trisyono Y. Andi , Witjaksono Witjaksono
Published: May 2020

Insects’ oviposition behavior on alternate host plants is very helpful to understand the interaction between host plants and insects, the dynamics of insect populations, and the effectiveness of alternate host plants as refugia in managing insect resistance. The oviposition preference of Ostrinia furnacalis on maize (Zea mays L), king grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), and cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) was studied through no-choice test, two-choice test, and three-choice test. The oviposition preferences hierarchy of O. furnacalis on maize, king grass, and cogon grass wass sequentially maize > king grass > cogon grass when the tested plants were at 21 DAP (days after planting). However, the hierarchy pattern may change depending on host plants phenology. The 35-day-old king grass was more preferred by O. furnacalis (proportion of eggs = 0.692; OPI = 37.57) than maize (proportion of eggs = 0.301; OPI = -38.780) and cogon grass (proportion of eggs = 0.174; OPI = -65.183) for oviposition. These findings indicated that king grass was a potential alternate host for O. furnacalis to survive and could serve as refugia in IRM strategy. However, it needs further research in the field to ensure the potential of king grass as refugia for O. furnacalis.
Nail Salon a Potential Source of a Rare Mycobacterium Fortuitum Infection In Proximal Tibia Megaprosthesis? A Case Report
Authors: Novack Thomas A. , Hoskins Tyler , Patel Jay N. , Mazzei Christopher , Goyette David , Zeedyk Kaitlin , Wittig James C.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Mycobacterium Fortuitum (M. Fortuitum) is a type of opportunistic pathogen commonly found in water/soil and belongs to the nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) family. Prosthetic joint infection due to M. Fortuitum is extremely rare. We present a case of a 21-year-old female with an infection following a radical resection of the proximal tibia due to a parosteal osteosarcoma.
Reinfection and re-revision rates of 113 two-stage revisions in infected TKA
Authors: Bongers Joris , Jacobs Anouk M.E. , Smulders Katrijn , van Gijs G. , Goosen Jon H.M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Introduction: Two-stage revision is the most frequently performed revision procedure of a (suspected) periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The reported results of this treatment show large variability between studies, ranging between 0 - 40 percent failure. The purposes of this study were to determine long term (1) reinfection rate, (2) re-revision rates for any reason, and (3) the reinfection rate of patients with positive cultures at reimplantation.Methods: We prospectively followed and retrospectively reviewed 113 consecutive two-stage revision TKAs, performed between 2003 and 2013 in our clinic with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Diagnosis of PJI was based on the major Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria for PJI.Results: After a mean follow-up of 94 months (range 24-172 months), infection recurred in 23 cases (23%). Of these, nine cases (9%) were defined as relapse (same micro-organism as index revision) and in 14 cases another causative was found (14%). In 11 patients debridement, antibiotics and retention of the prosthesis successfully eradicated the reinfection. After overall follow-up 17 patients (17%) underwent re-revision surgery, 11 patients (11%) due to an infection and 6 patients (6%) for aseptic reasons.Conclusions: Treatment of a (suspected) infection of a TKA by a two-stage revision had acceptable results based on re-revision and re-infection rates in the long term (>5 years), resembling the short-term results (<2 years). Focussing on the cultures at the index two-stage revision, episodes of relapse and new infections during follow-up were almost equally divided. Reinfection rates were higher in cases with positive cultures at reimplantation. Patients should be counselled appropriately in this particular situation.
Sonication Leads to Clinically Relevant Changes in Treatment of Periprosthetic Hip or Knee Joint Infection
Authors: Hoekstra Marrit , Veltman Ewout S. , Nurmohamed Ruben F.R.H.A , Dijk Bruce van , Rentenaar Rob J. , Vogely H. Charles , van Bart C.H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Background: Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be troublesome. Sonication can be a helpful tool in culturing bacteria that are difficult to detect with standard tissue cultures. Aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical importance of our standardized sonication protocol in detecting periprosthetic joint infection.Materials and methods: All patients with revision surgery of a hip or knee prosthesis between 2011 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and divided in two groups: clinically suspected of infection or not suspected of infection. For both tissue culture and implant sonication, calculations of sensitivity and specificity were performed. Clinical relevance of sonication was evaluated by calculating in which percentage of patients' sonication influenced clinical treatment.Results: 226 patients with revision of a total hip prosthesis (122 patients) or a total knee prosthesis (104 patients) were included. Sensitivity of perioperatively taken tissue cultures was 94.3% and specificity was 99.3%. For sonication sensitivity was 80.5% and specificity was 97.8%.In the infection group eight patients (9%) with only one positive tissue culture and a positive sonication fluid culture with the same pathogen were found.Interpretation: Although sensitivity and specificity of sonication was lower compared to tissue cultures, periprosthetic joint infection could only be established in 8 patients (9%) suspected of infection because of a positive result of the sonication fluid culture.Sonication leads to clinically relevant changes in treatment and seems therefore to be a helpful diagnostic tool in clinical practice.
Coronavirus Economic Stimulus Payments: Who Gets It, How, & Impact on Other Benefits
Authors: Logan Deirdre
Published: May 2020

On March 27, 2020 the President of the United States signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES) stimulus bill into law. CARES Act is a law meant to address the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. One part of the bill provides a $1,200 direct payment (i.e., Economic Impact Payment, stimulus payment, stimulus check, etc.) to many Americans and $500 for each qualifying dependent child. But how can someone receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or other disability receive their stimulus payment? Also how does this money impact someone receiving SSI or other benefits. This tip sheet provides some information that may help answer these questions.
DISEASES THAT CHANGED THE WORLD
Authors: CVETNIĆ Željko , MAJNARIĆ Darko , BAČANEK Branko , JURMANOVIĆ Jadranka , SOKOLOVIĆ Jadranka , PAVLJAK Ivica , SUKALIĆ Tomislav , JAKI TKALEC Vesna , KONČURAT Ana , KIŠ Maja , FURMEG Sanja
Published: May 2020

Different contagious diseases had huge impact on the society during the history. Their appearance destroyed and devastated whole teritories, caused number of victims which drastically surpassed the ones in wars, and after the appearance of such disease the whole path of the history changed. The most important contagious diseases are known and written in the earliest known records, from the beginning of the world they were humans` companion, their impact on the development, suffer and death is huge during hundreds of years. Smallpox belong to the most deadly and the scariest viral diseases faced by humanity. Pandemic of Spanish flu from 1918 is the biggest global demographic earthquake that the world has ever experienced. One of the most important transmisive (vector) mosquito-borne diseases, caused by protozoa, is malaria. Lice transmit the causer of typhus fever, trench fever and recurrent fever. Plague in natural habitats transmits rat flea and it is one of the most dangerous bacterial diseases. Typhus fever was a constant companion of the distress, accidents and suffering of the people during wars. Many faiths of people were connected with tuberculosis, it was always an unavoidable part of living community. Leprosy is one of the oldest and scariest diseases. It was a synonym for stigmatization and discrimination because of big deformations on the body. Styphilis is constant and unwanted companion of humanity for more than 400 years. Since its first occurance, styphilis was stigmatisized, disgraceful disease. Contemporary past of cholera began in 1817. Cholera causes difficult clinical diseases followed by humans pain and panic, and disrupts social and economic structure and develompent of the society wherever it occurs. It is visible that throughout the whole history, contagious diseases had huge impact on development and prosperity of the humanity. Throughtout the history, humans had many important wars and battles, but perhaps the biggest ones were fought, and many of them are still fighting, against the contagious diseases.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERNTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE IN RUMINANTS
Authors: Ilić Tamara , KULIŠIĆ Zoran , DESPOTOVIĆ Darko , GAJIĆ Bojan , BOGUNOVIĆ Danica , DIMITRIJEVIĆ Sanda
Published: May 2020

Control of the gastrointestinal parasites in different systems of ruminant breeding is based on vaccination, chemotherapy, improved herd management and use of genetic potentials of host animals. Strategy of the helminths control based on frequent anthelmintics usage is dominant among the world, although it is considered unsustainable due to the appearance of increased number and species of parasites that are resistance to drugs. Development of resistance on all three groups of broad-spectrum antihelmintics (nicotinic anthelmintics, benzimidazoles and macrolides lactones) as well as increased care for consumers heath caused by appearance of used drugs residues in food, additionally complicate overall nematode control. With the aim to decrease appearance of anthelmintics resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and in order to organize process of sustainable integrated parasite management, principle of targeted selective treatment is globally accepted. Implementing of this strategy has only recently become feasible, with development and practical use of systems that serve for clinical assessment of anemia in small ruminants which suffer from hemonchosis. Besides that, short term changes in body weight and body condition scoring may be indicators of diseases caused by endoparasites, as it can provide rapid identification of animals that will probably have benefits from therapy. Obtained results of quantitative coprological diagnostic tests and results for anemia assessment are criteria that provide differential diagnosis between healthy and resilient animals and easier diseases diagnostic. Since resilient animals play important role in pasture contamination, the significance of their detection is understandable.
ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF WHITE LILY (Lilium candidum) EXTRACT
Authors: KALABA Vesna , SLADOJEVIĆ Željko , MARJANOVIĆ BALABAN Željka , KALABA Dragana , PANIĆ Ivona
Published: May 2020

Natural extracts made from fresh plant material and biologically active compounds isolated from different plant species that have been used in folk medicine for centuries, may present valuable sources for production of novel natural preservatives and medicinal preparations. White lily-Lilium candidum is also used, for a long period of time, in folk medicine for healing of burns and frostbites, otitis and rhinitis as well as balm for washing wounds and cuts. Roots, leaves and flowers have medical properties. Nevertheless, there is little information in literature related to antibacterial effect of white lily extract on certain pathogens and there is a need to determine the justification for its use in traditional medicine. Antibacterial activity of White lily extract on five reference cultures (Escherichia coli WDCM 00090, Listeria monocytogenes WDCM 00020, Salmonella enterica WDCM 00030, Pseudomonas aeruginosa WDCM 00024) and seven bacterial cultures (Escherichia coli, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas spp. ß-hemolytic Escherichia coli, coagulase positive staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, group D Sreptococcus) from Laboratory for Microbiology, Public Veterinary Institute of Republic of Srpska "Dr. Vaso Butozan", Banja Luka, were examined in this study. Results confirmed that white lily extract show certain antibacterial activity against examined pathogens used in this study. Antibacterial activity of White lily extract was in the range from 5.33 mm to 18.88 mm depending of bacterial strain and concentration of white lily extract.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WOOL FIBERS IN PRAMENKA FOR THE QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF RAW WOOL
Authors: MLAĆO Nadžida , KATICA Amela , KATICA Velija , SOFTIĆ Almira , ŠAKIĆ Vedad , ĆUTAHIJA Velida , BEJDIĆ Pamela , HADŽIOMEROVIĆ Nedžad , KATICA Jasmin
Published: May 2020

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, as well as in most Balkan countries, wool is a major environmental problem. After sheep shearing, farmers usually leave the wool at the shear sites, providing poorly degradable organic waste. The purchase price of such untreated wool is as low as its quality. By this research, we have tried to draw attention, from another aspect, to the quality of wool fibers of certain parts of the body, which is ultimately very important in the textile industry and in the selection of wool for further processing. The cuticle is made from cornfied cells, flakes, located on the surface of wool fibers. One of the significant roles of the cuticle is the protective. Namely, the cuticle protects the wool fibers from various external factors, whether mechanical or physic-chemical (such as ammonia evaporation in poorly maintained facilities, etc.), which can damage the fleece and thus make it less quality. We have found some differences in the flakes position and shape in the wool fibers we investigated, depending on part of the body from which they were sampled. However, by microscopic analyses of samples taken from the root of the tail, we have found that the flakes were much smaller and finer in structure than the arrangement and appearance of the cornified flakes from the rump. In this study, we have compared the appearance and arrangement of flakes of cuticle, which is very important in assessing the quality of wool and its further use as a raw material.
POSTOPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION ОF HARD PALATE WITH KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE IN A DOG: CASE REPORT
Authors: STEVANOVIĆ Oliver , DOBRIJEVIĆ Milјan , VUJANIĆ Dejan , NEDIĆ Drago
Published: May 2020

Infection of wounds in dogs and cats with enterobacteria from the genus Klebsiella spp. are rare in clinical practice. A female, Bull Terrier was brought to the veterinary clinic "BLvet" Banja Luka at the age of 8 months. Аccording to the owner, the dog was operated in another clinic and a several weeks later they noticed an abundant nasal discharge. Clinical examination revealed that the general condition of the dog was unchanged. There was a noticeable abundant purulent discharge, light-green in color with food remains from the nostrils. In the oral cavity, a foul breath - foetor ex ore was registered. By examining the oral cavity, a fresh-infected wound on the hard palate was visible. The wound healing was difficult due to the present infection, leaving the edges of the palate wound unattached. Only after taking a swab of the bottom of the wound, it could be noticed that this was an active suppurative process. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the wound of the dog's palate.
BOLESTI KOJE SU MIJENJALE SVIJET
Authors: CVETNIĆ Željko , MAJNARIĆ Darko , BAČANEK Branko , JURMANOVIĆ Jadranka , SOKOLOVIĆ Jadranka , PAVLJAK Ivica , SUKALIS Tomislav , JAKI TKALEC Vesna , KONČURAT Ana , KIŠ Maja , FURMEG Sanja
Published: May 2020

Različite zarazne bolesti tijekom povijesti imale su dubok utjecaj na čovječan- stvo. Njihova pojava uništila je i devastirala cijela područja, uzrokovala broj žrtava koji je osjetno nadrastao i one u ratovima, a nakon pojave takvih bolesti mijenjao se i tijek povijesti. Najvažnije zarazne bolesti poznate su i zapisane u najranijim poznatim zapisima, od postanka svijeta bile su pratitelj ljudskoga roda, velik je njihov utjecaj na razvoj, patnju i smrt koju su tijekom stoljesa uzrokovale u ljudi. Boginje spadaju u najsmrtonosnije i najstrašnije virusne bolesti s kojima se su- očilo čovječanstvo. Pandemija španjolske gripe iz 1918. godine je najvesi globalni demografski po- tres koji je svijet ikada doživio. Jedna od najvažnijih transmisivnih (vektorskih) bolesti koje prenose komarci, a uzročnik su protozoe, jeste malarija. Uši prenose uzročnika pjegavog tifusa, rovovske groznice i rekurentne (povratne) groznice. Kugu u prirodnim žarištima prenosi štakorska buha i je- dna je od najopasnijih bakterijskih bolesti. Stalni pratilac stradanja, nesrese i patnje ljudi tijekom ratovanja bio je pjegavi tifus. Mnoge ljudske sudbine bile su povezane s tuberkulozom, ona je odu- vijek bila neizostavni dio života zajednice. Lepra je jedna od najstarijih i najstrašnijih bolesti. Bila je sinonim za stigmatizaciju i diskriminaciju zbog velikih deformacija na tijelu. Sifilis je stalni i neželjeni suputnik čovječanstva ves više od 400 godina. Od prve pojave, sifilis je bila stigmatizirana, sramotna bolest. Suvremena povijest kolere započela je 1817. godine. Kolera uzrokuje tešku klini- čku bolest uz ljudsku patnju i paniku, a narušava društvenu i gospodarsku strukturu te razvoj zajed- nice gdje god se pojavi. Vidljivo je da su kroz čitavu povijest zarazne bolesti imale znatan utjecaj na razvoj i prosperitet čovječanstva. Povijest ljudskog roda zabilježila je mnoge važne ratove i bitke, ali možda su se najvese bitke vodile, a mnoge se još vode, upravo protiv zaraznih bolesti.
ЗНАЧАЈ ДИФЕРЕНЦИЈАЛНЕ ДИЈАГНОСТИКЕ РЕЗИСТЕНЦИЈЕ И РЕЗИЛИЈЕНЦИЈЕ КОД ПРЕЖИВАРА
Authors: ИЛИЋ Тамара , КУЛИШИЋ Зоран , ДЕСПОТОВИЋ Дарко , ГАЈИЋ Бојан , БОГУНОВИЋ Даница , ДИМИТРИЈЕВИЋ Санда
Published: May 2020

Контрола гастроинтестиналних паразита у различитим системима узгоја преживара заснивана је на вакцинацији, хемотерапији, побољшању квалитета менаџмента стада и коришћењу генетских потенцијала домаћина. Широм света доминира стратегија контроле хелмината заснована на честој употреби антихелминтика, која се сматра неодрживом, с обзиром на појаву све већег броја и врста паразита који су отпорни на лекове. Развој резистенције на све три групе антихелминтика широког спектра (никотински антихелминтици, бензимидазоли и макролидни лактони) и повећана брига за здравље потрошача условљене појавом резидуа примијењених лијекова у храни, додатно компликују контролу ових нематода. У циљу смањења брзине појаве резистенције на антихелминтике код гастроинтестиналних нематода малих преживара и организације процеса одрживог интегрисаног управљања паразитима, глобално је прихваћен принцип циљаног селективног третмана. Спровођење ове стратегије је тек однедавно постало изводљиво, са развојем и практичном применом система који служи за клиничку процјену анемије код малих преживара оболелих од хемонхозе. Поред тога, краткотрајне промене телесне тежине и одређивање телесне кондиције могу бити показатељи ендопаразитоза, што омогућава брзу идентификацију животиња које ће вероватно имати користи од третмана. Добијени резултати квантитативне копролошке дијагностике и резултати процене анемије су критеријуми који омогућавају диференцијалну дијагностику између здравих и резилијентних животиња и лакшу дијагностику резистенције паразита. С обзиром на то да резилијентне животиње играју важну улогу у контаминацији пашњака, разумљив је клиничко-паразитолошки значај њиховог правовременог откривања.
ANTIBAKTERIJSKA SVOJSTVA EKSTRAKTA BIJELOG LJILJANА (Lilium candidum)
Authors: KALABA Vesna , SLADOJEVIĆ Željko , MARJANOVIĆ BALABAN Željka , KALABA Dragana , PANIĆ Ivona
Published: May 2020

Prirodni ekstrakti pravljeni od svježeg biljnog materijala i biološki aktivna jedinjenja izolovana iz različitih biljnih vrsta koje se već vijekovima koriste u narodnoj medicini mogu predstavljati dragocjene izvore za proizvodnju novih prirodnih konzervanasa i ljekovitih pripravaka. Bijeli ljiljan – Lilium candidum se takođe dugo koristi u tradicionalnoj medicini za liječenje opekotina i promrzlina, upale uha i nosa, kao melem za ispiranje rana i posjekotina. Korijen, listovi i cvjetovi imaju ljekovita svojstva, ali je malo podataka u literaturi o antibakterijskom dejstvu ekstrakta bijelog ljiljana na određene patogene i da se utvrdi opravdanost njegovog korištenja u tradicionalnoj medicini. U radu je ispitana antibakterijska aktivnost ekstrakta bijelog ljiljana na pet referentnih kultura (Escherichia coli WDCM 00090, Listeria monocytogenes WDCM 00020, Salmonella enterica WDCM 00030, Pseudomonas aeruginosa WDCM 00024) i sedam bakterijskih kultura (Escherichia coli, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas spp. Β-hemolitična Escherichia coli, koagulaza pozitivan stafilokok, Staphylococcus aureus, Sreptococcus grupe D) iz kolekcije Laboratorije za mikrobiologiju Veterinarskog instituta „Dr Vaso Butozan“ Banja Luka. Rezultati rada su potvrdili da ekstrakt bijelog ljiljana pokazuje određenu antibakterijsku aktivnost prema ispitanim patogenima korištenim u ovom istraživanju. Antibakterijska aktivnost ekstrakta bijelog ljiljana se kretala u opsegu od 5,33 mm do 18,88 mm, zavisno od bakterijskog soja i koncentracije ekstrakta bijelog ljiljana.
KORIŠTENJE OBROKA NA OSNOVI SIROVOG MESA (BARF) U HRANIDBI PASA I MAČAKA
Authors: BROZIĆ Diana , MIKULEC Željko , SAMARDŽIJA Marko , ĐURIČIĆ Dražen , VALPOTIĆ Hrvoje
Published: May 2020

Obroci na osnovi sirovog mesa ili popularnije nazvani BARF obroci (eng. Biologically Appropriate Raw Food) definiraju se kao hrana za kućne ljubimce koja u svom sastavu sadržava termički neobrađene sirovine životinjskog podrijetla, domaćih ili divljih životinja te se koristi u hranidbi pasa i mačaka koje obitavaju u neposrednom kontaktu s čovjekom. Hranidba na temelju sirovog mesa može se podijeliti na dvije osnovne katregorije: komercijalno dostupni gotovi proizvodi i obroci pripremljeni od vlasnika (tzv. homemade BARF). Kod kuće spravljeni obroci temelje se na recepturama koje omogućuju vlasniku samostalno pripremanje BARF obroka no one ne moraju biti u skladu s propisanim preporukama o unosu hranjivih tvari, što može rezultirati razvojem brojnih patoloških stanja uzrokovanih pogreškama u hranidbi. Nedostatak istraživanja rezultat je rasprave o riziku i pozitivnim učincima takve prehrane. Dosadašnja istraživanja potvrdila su znatno bolju probavljivost BARF obroka u usporedbi sa ekstrudiranom hranom i odličnu palatabilnost. Međutim, istraživanja koje bi potvrdila pozitivne učinke korištenja BARF obroka sa ciljem postizanja boljeg zdravstvenog stanja ili kao obrok izbora kod pojedinih patologija, nedostatna su, te se promicanje BARF prehrane temelji na istraživanjima koja su provedena na malom uzorku u kratkom razdoblju ili su dostupna u obliku popularne nerecenzirane literature. S druge strane, istraživanja kojima se upozorava na javnozdravstveni rizik kod hranjenja BARF obrocima značajno su brojnija. Naime, mikrobiološka ispravnost BARF obroka bitan je segment koji proizvođači moraju redovito kontrolirati uz neizostavno održavanje hladnog lanca u svim fazama proizvodnje i skladištenja kako bi se onemogućila kontaminacija i umnažanje patogena sa zoonotskim potencijalom.
The phenomenon of sociocultural urban waste: to articulation of the problem
Authors: Babintsev Valentin Pavlovich , Gaidukova Galina Nikolaevna , Shapoval Zhanna Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2020

This article reviews the phenomenon of sociocultural waste as a special type of waste inevitably forms in the process of metabolism of the modern urbanized areas. It is noted that the idea of studying the phenomenon of waste applicable to the sphere of culture not only retains its importance, but is constantly put to the forefront due to mass sociocultural activity and its transformations, affected by implementing into the urban life of newest technical systems, and associated with them information technologies and increase of ecological factor in the development of urbanized environment. In methodological regard, the work leans on the concept of social metabolism, viewed as a system of dynamic transformations of social reality under the influence of factors that have social, technical-technological and biological nature. The urban sociocultural waste is defined as a complex of products of cultural activity of the residents, which under the certain conditions cannot be used for restoration of city and urban community based on the principle of social conjunction, remain non-demanded by the majority of residents, not attributed to as value and are potentially or actually socially destructive (“socially toxic”). The author substantiates the criteria for determining waste among all: dysfunctionality, limited demand, public devaluation, potential destructiveness. A conclusion is formulated that municipal authorities and community for the benefit of development of urbanized environment would objectively have to determine the target strategy for social waste.
National Procedural Autonomy and General EU Law Limits
Authors: Widdershoven Rob
Published: May 2020

This article examines the recent approach of the European Court of Justice of the EU towards the applicability of procedural national law in cases falling within the scope of Union law. It argues that the Court increasingly assesses such rules within the framework of the principle of
effective judicial protection, as bindingly codified in Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Right of the EU since December 2009. This test is gradually replacing the rather deferential test on the Rewe principles of equivalence and effectiveness and implies a further limitation of procedural
autonomy of the Member States. The reason for the shift seems to be the necessity to coordinate the Court's case law on Article 47 CFR with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on Article 6 ECHR, because this coordination requires the application of a similar standard by both
European Courts. As a result, the importance of, in particular, the Rewe principle of effectiveness, has already decreased to a considerable extent and might decrease further in future. Nevertheless, it is not to be expected that this standard will be abolished completely. First, because it
may provide an adequate standard for assessing procedural issues that are not related to effective judicial protection or Article 47 CFR. Secondly, because incidentally it may be used by the Court for modifying national procedural law with a view to the effective application of substantive
EU rules.
The relationship between EU secondary rules and the principles of effectiveness and effective judicial protection in environmental matters: towards a new dawn for the 'language of rights'?
Authors: Eliantonio Mariolina
Published: May 2020

Environmental policy is an area which has been quite heavily proceduralised and is a rather peculiar example of 'multi-level proceduralisation' because of the presence of the Aarhus Convention. This paper explores the relevant procedural provisions taken in the field of environmental
law and in particular in implementation of the Aarhus Convention, and examines the case law which has involved these provisions. This case law is specifically discussed as concerns the way in which the Court of Justice deals with the interaction between the relevant secondary rules and the
general principles of effectiveness and effective judicial protection, as well as Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights concerning the right to an effective remedy. It is shown that it is difficult to distill a consistent approach on the part of the Court with regards to this interaction,
and that much depends on the specifics of the case and the question posed by the referring court. However, with the latest case law, despite the apparent lack of underlying rights which would be able to trigger the applicability of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Court of Justice seems
to be moving towards a heavier involvement of Article 47 of the Charter and, consequently, of a 'language of rights', which increasingly plays a pivotal role in boosting the effectiveness of the Aarhus Convention.
Audiovisual translation of puns in animated films: strategies and procedures
Authors: Aleksandrova Elena
Published: May 2020

The translation of the pun is one of the most challenging issues for translators and interpreters. Sometimes puns, especially those containing realia, are considered to be untranslatable. Most translation strategies and procedures offered in previous findings for the translation of realia-based puns are not appropriate for audiovisual translations of animated films, for either dubbing or subtitling. It is caused by the specificity of the target audience, and the genre. The problem of choosing the most relevant strategy and procedures for realia-based puns is underexplored. To narrow the gap, the metamodern and semiotic approaches are applied to the translation of puns. In accordance with the semiotic approach, a pun is considered as a type of language game, based on the use of the asymmetry of the form, and the content of the sign. The “Quasi-translation” strategy offered in this paper reflects the attitude to the game in metamodernism, where the “game change” is one of the basic postulates. “Quasi-translation” involves three types of translation procedures: quasi-localisation, quasi-globalisation, and quasi-glocalisation. The term, “quasi-glocalisation”, is also used to denote the general strategy for the translation of audiovisual works containing realia-based puns, which involves: 1) oscillation between the need to adapt the translation to the target culture, and the need to preserve the culturally-marked components of the original; and 2) the reproduction of “atmosphere” (the common reality of the perceiver and the perceived). This insight can be used by audiovisual translator-practitioners, and university teachers in the course of translation theory and practice.
Metapragmatic stereotypes and humour: interpreting and perceiving linguistic homogeneity in mass culture texts
Authors: Tsami Vasia
Published: May 2020

The present study concentrates on the potential of mass culture texts to impose specific metapragmatic stereotypes (Agha 2007) through humour on the wider audience. Metapragmatic stereotypes constitute speakers’ internal models of how language should or should not be used; such models guide speakers’ own language use and enable them to make evaluations about their own language behaviour or that of others. In this context, I explore the dominant metapragmatic stereotypes for humorous mass culture texts’ interpretation and perception. To this end, I analyse a humorous Greek TV advertisement of a telecommunications company. Drawing upon Coupland’s (2007) conceptualization of style and the General Theory of Verbal Humour (Attardo 2001), I intend to show that humour reflects, sustains, and reproduces the dominant metapragmatic stereotypes of linguistic homogenization and monolingualism (Blommaert & Rampton 2011). Then, I explore how the audience perceives the representation of stylistic choices in mass culture texts and more specifically in the analysed advertisement. My informants were 96 students of the last two grades of elementary school. The recipients’ responses show that their metapragmatic stereotypes are aligned with the dominant ones: they approach stylistic choices as strictly-defined systems used in specific social contexts and they expect the alignment of TV fictional characters with linguistic homogeneity. My findings suggest that humour stigmatises specific styles as well as that the audience perceives the respective (and reinforced through humour) metapragmatic stereotypes as guidelines for “correct” stylistic use. Furthermore, it seems that through humour such stereotypes usually go unnoticed in mass culture texts and may even become naturalised, as they are framed in a “trivial” and “non-serious” manner.
Reflexive humor and satire: a critical review
Authors: Zekavat Massih
Published: May 2020

Because most theories of humour emphasize its intersubjective and/or semantic nature, they fail to fully appreciate and explain self-directed humour. Through a critical exploration of the implications of different theories of humour and satire, this paper argues that the spectrum of reflexive humour and satire can be categorized according to the figure of the satirist and the target of satire, both of whom can feature individual or collective social selves. Depending on the satirist and the scope of satire, the functions of reflexive humour may range from securing psychological homeostasis to dealing with more impersonal, social and philosophical concerns.
Detachment of empathy: a common denominator for two theories of humour
Authors: Aharoni Ron
Published: May 2020

This is a sequel to a previous paper (Aharoni 2018), in which I suggested that the game of humour is played not between two meanings of the same carrier, but between meaning and its carrier: the two are detached from each other by some means. In the present paper I want to substantiate this thesis by some evidence, the main one being referred to in the title of the paper. It is that two well-known theories of humour, both presently neglected to a large extent, are based on this mechanism. In both the carrier of meaning is not words, but actions. In fact, one of the main messages of the paper is that often the carrier of meaning in jokes, and in humour in general, are actions. I will try to show that both Bergson’s “automatic behaviour” theory and the superiority (or derision) theory are based on detachment of empathy, namely of identification. Since, as I will try to show, empathy and identification are man’s (and even animals’) main tool in deciphering meanings of actions, this results in detaching actions from their meanings.
Comedy and humour: an ethical perspective
Authors: Bidgoli Mehrdad
Published: May 2020

In this essay, I aim to study comedy and humour from an ethical perspective. My main proposal is that comedy and humour can be understood alternatively in the light of ethics, and in one sense, they actually begin, more effectively, with an ethical sensibility. Effective comedy and humour initiate through an ethical sensibility called “hospitality”; ideally, they are preceded by this ethical openness. I will argue that it is this pre-original ethical hospitality and openness that can give rise to more effective moments of comedy, humour, carnival, festivity and also laughter, opening the Self to the Other in order to be able to enter into a disinterested humorous (dialogic) experience. Hospitality is of prime importance here because it turns out to be part and parcel of comedy as it also underlies the ethics of alterity. I therefore suggest that the thoughts of both Emmanuel Levinas and Mikhail Bakhtin can give rise to a fruitful study of ethics, comedy and humour. I will “reduce” socio-political complexities of our daily life-world to comic moments through Bakhtin, and then expose the reader to a Levinasian simplicity and ethical openness that actually takes place before effective comedy and humour can begin. In this essay, I mainly have literary/critical aims, and to fulfil that aim, I will briefly discuss two Shakespearean works and contextualize my thesis. The matter of studying comedy, humour and ethics in a broader cultural, social and/or philosophical context is open for other thinkers.
Disparagement humor and anti-obesity attitudes
Authors: Burmeister Jacob , Carels Robert
Published: May 2020

People with obesity are often the target of disparaging humour. The typical derision of obesity found in everyday life also extends into the realm of the media. Many assumptions have been made about the effects this type of humour may have on the public’s attitudes toward people with obesity, but little empirical research exists. In the present research, two studies sought to uncover whether jokes and humorous media depictions of people with obesity affect individuals’ attitudes. In Study 1, participants (N = 271) either read a list of derogatory jokes about obesity, read a list of derogatory comments about obesity, or read a list of jokes that were unrelated to obesity. All participants were then asked to report their 1) attitudes toward people with obesity in several domains, 2) level of belief in stereotypes about obesity and 3) judgement of the social acceptability of jokes about obesity. Participants’ scores on these dependent measures did not differ across groups suggesting obesity jokes do not have an immediate impact on attitudes. In Study 2, participants (N = 146) were shown video clips from film and television programmes that featured derogatory humour targeting obese characters. Again, participants’ scores on dependent measures did not differ across groups. The results of these studies suggest that brief exposure to derogatory weight-related humour may not affect individuals’ attitudes toward people with obesity as might be assumed. Longer exposure to disparaging humour may be required to shift individuals’ attitudes about people with obesity
Sharing humour digitally in family communication
Authors: Fiadotava Anastasiya
Published: May 2020

This paper offers a folkloristic perspective on the features and dynamics of sharing humorous content digitally within a family in the context of daily communication. The data, collected from 60 Belarusian families via oral interviews and an online survey (175 respondents), were subjected to quantitative and qualitative content and context analysis. The results suggest that sharing humour digitally within a family can take various forms, some of which parallel oral face-to-face interactions, while others complement them. The most preferable ways of sharing are those that ensure the privacy of conversation, thus providing family members with an opportunity to follow the customary patterns of communication while adapting them to the new spatiotemporal circumstances. Even though the process of selecting humorous content to share with one’s family does not necessarily involve conscious reflection on the sharer’s part, some tendencies clearly transpire from the data. For example, visual and generic forms of humour are more popular than textual and personal ones. Sharing such humour presupposes certain considerations about its recipients, thus making the fact that one’s audience is their family an important consideration in the practice of digital sharing.
Humor as a threat-coding mechanism
Authors: Greenberg Edward
Published: May 2020

The integration of humour’s classical theories such as relief, superiority, and incongruity suggest that the differences and patterns in what we find funny are largely dependent on attaching an “explicably safe” meaning to novel entities. It is argued that humour is a substantial organising influence in human socialisation and personal threat perception. Built on such work as Caleb Warren and A. Peter McGraw’s notion of humour in explicated ambiguity, Tom Veatch’s paradox of humour as a “normal” violation, and V.S. Ramachandran’s False Alarm Theory of humour, an integrational theory is developed and tested against a variety of hypotheses associated with the core findings of classical humour research.
Concept “humour” in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine
Authors: Kobzieva Iuliia , Gordiienko-Mytrofanova Iia , Udovenko Maryna , Sauta Serhii
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to define and to describe the semantic components of the stimulus word humour in the linguistic consciousness of young Russian-speaking people from Eastern Ukraine. The main method of the research was a psycholinguistic experiment. The sample comprised 400 young people (aged 20-31), males and females being equally represented. The experiment proved that the concept humour in the linguistic consciousness of the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine is represented by four core semantic clusters: “laughter,” “joke,” “merry-making/joy” and “show.” Analysis of female and male associative fields shows that the semantic core of the word humour does not depend on the respondents’ gender identification. The results of frequency and cluster analysis have implied a number of the following conclusions. Firstly, humour and laughter form an inseparable unity of stimulus and reaction in the linguistic consciousness of respondents, although the psychological paradigm considers humour and laughter as two independent phenomena. Secondly, the cognitive component of humour was only reflected in the peripheral cluster “mind” of respondents’ associations. Thirdly, young Russian-speaking people from Ukraine do not have an ideal image of humour represented by a certain comedy show or relevant to any specific comedians. The generalised visualisation of humour is represented by reactions of the extreme periphery. Finally, comparative analysis of the verbalised concept humour in the linguistic consciousness of Russian-speaking population of Ukraine and people who live in Russia did not reveal any national-specific features in the perception of stimulus humour.
Humour and ex-Yugoslav nations: is there any truth in the stereotypes?
Authors: Pavić Željko , Krivokapić Nataša
Published: May 2020

This study explores the issue of humour stereotyping between ex-Yugoslav nations, their veridicality and possible explanations. Three research questions were put forward relating to humour stereotyping, as well as the differences in humour production, use and appreciation between the countries. The survey data were collected on a sample of university students from four ex-Yugoslav countries (N = 611). The results revealed strong negative humour stereotyping toward Croats and Slovenians and positive stereotyping toward Bosnians. However, only about 0–4 % of the variance in humour production, use and appreciation, depending on the sub-scales of the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, could be attributed to the group (country) membership, thus indicating low correspondence between the stereotypes and reality. The results concerning the stereotypes were interpreted by evoking the discourse of Balkanism, as well as humour-style differences in popular culture between the countries
Essential attributes of a comprehensive theory of laughter
Authors: Simon John Charles
Published: May 2020

In principle, humour studies would be significantly enhanced by a comprehensive understanding of laughter and amusement. Members of various scientific disciplines, however, often approach laughter from distinct, rather narrow, experimental or observational paradigms, and rarely make direct challenges to broader theories that are generaly accepted as incomplete, but also difficult to falsify. Evaluating, comparing, and ranking such theories is possible, however, using the concept of explanatory scope. To better establish the range of questions a comprehensive theory of laughter must resolve, I reviewed 525 peer-reviewed journal articles and recorded a total of 852 topics addressed by the authors. These were categorized into 29 themes. The list provided should allow scholars to more effectively assess the strengths and weaknesses of existing laughter theories and help guide future endeavours to more fully understand this important behavior.
Affect philosophy meets incongruity: about transformative potentials in comic laughter
Authors: Weeks Mark
Published: May 2020

The emergence of philosophical affect theory, sourced substantially in Continental philosophy, has intensified scholarly attention around affective potentials in laughter. However, the relationship between laughter’s affect and the comic remains a complicated one for researchers, with some maintaining that the two should be studied separately (Emmerson 2019, Parvulescu 2010). While there is a credible academic rationale for drawing precise distinctions, the present article takes an integrative approach to laughter and the comic. It analyzes, then synthesizes, points of convergence between key texts in affect philosophy and certain elements of incongruity-based humour theory. Specifically, the article seeks to demonstrate that some integration can bring insight and clarity to discussion of transformative potentials sometimes attributed to forms of comic laughter, especially within cultural studies and social science following the philosophy of Deleuze. This approach may also usefully complicate the concept of incongruity itself.