bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Effects of Spirulina Extracts on Immunologic Dysfunction and Inflammation Associated with Aflatoxin B1 Induced Toxicity in Mice
Authors: Gilbert Kipkoech , Susan Musembi , Johnson Masese , David Mburu , Mercy Jepkorir , James Kuria , Peter Mwitari , Charles Mutai
Published: April 2023

The contamination of foods by various mycotoxins has been reported as a major public health concern across the world. The most predominant type of fungal toxins are aflatoxins which are synthesized by certain fungi that contaminate agricultural crops or produce. The main aflatoxin producing fungi are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus which contaminate food crops in the farm and after harvesting. Out of all the types of aflatoxins, the most potent type is aflatoxin B1. The mechanism of toxicity and health effects of aflatoxins have been studied widely and it has been shown that aflatoxin B1 leads to liver necrosis, inflammation and liver cancer. The use of natural products as a remedy to health consequences of aflatoxins in humans and animals is gaining popularity. Owing to its anti-inflammatory effects, Spirulina plantesis has been studied for its immunomodulatory effects. This study evaluated the effects of spirulina extract on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced immune dysfunction and inflammation. Male BALB/c mice weighing 28-34g were randomly placed into 6 groups and orally treated as follows: Group 1 was not treated but received food and water for entire experimental period. Group 2 received 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Group 3 received 1g/kg b.w of activated charcoal and an hour later 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Group 4, 5 and 6 received 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg b.w of Spirulina plantesis respectively then an hour later each group received 200 µg/kg b.w of aflatoxin B1 orally. Treatments were done on a daily basis for 14 days. At the last day of the experiment, all the mice were denied food and water for 12 hours, thereafter sacrificed and samples processed for immunological studies. The results indicated that body weight significantly increased when treated with 100mg/kg spirulina+AFB1 and 150mg/kg spirulina+AFB1 groups in compared to AFB1 treated group (p < 0.05). AFB1 was shown to increase serum level of IFN- γ and IL 2 and decrease levels of IL 4. Treatment with spirulina extract had no significant effect on the serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-2 (p > 0.05) in comparison with aflatoxin B1 treated group, the serum levels of IFN- γ and IL-2 reduced significantly (p<0.05). Treatment with spirulina extract at different doses had no significant effect on serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of IL-4 was downregulated while that of TNFα, and IFNγ were upregulated. The results showed that increasing mRNA expressions of TNFα, and IFNγ as a result of AFB1was prevented (p≤0.01) by administration of spirulina extract. These findings suggests that spirulina extract could be used as a remedy to AFB1 induced immune dysfunction and inflammation.
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Mental Health Statuses of Students Across Various Ethnic Identities
Authors: Samuel Carissa , Singh Ranbeer , Ahmed Manal , Gupta Vaidehi , Harsamizadeh Tehrani Setareh , Hom Michelle , Kandikuppa Nikhita , Nguyen Emily , Nusratty Lilly , Sharangpani Anusha , Su Ma Thae (Juliana)
Published: April 2023

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to an increased risk of health challenges. This study looked at a diverse sample of students at Ohlone College, a community college in the California Bay Area, to 1) analyse the ethnic groups with the highest ACEs scores and 2) examine the relationship between ACEs and indicators of mental health, including depression, substance-use disorders and self-worth. Using a unique approach to study ethnic identity by incorporating more distinguished ethnic groups, rather than broad categories, our survey found that the two ethnic groups with the highest average ACEs scores were the Afghan American (n = 226) and Native American (n = 229). These two communities, along with the Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) American (n = 228) community, were studied. Through comparison, individuals with high ACEs scores were found most likely to also have higher PHQ-9 scores, higher substance-use disorder symptoms and lower self-worth scores. We concluded that the various societal impacts of ethnic-identity groups must be prioritised as an important facet of mental health. If ethnic identity is included as part of early intervention in situations with abuse and neglect (diagnosis and/or prevention), it may greatly reduce the risk of mental illness.
You Had Better Check the Facts: Reader Agency in the Identification of Machine-Generated Medical Fake News
Authors: Dankova Barbora
Published: April 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, much fake news emerged in the medical field (Naeem et al., 2020: 1). Nowadays, computers can generate text considered to be more trustworthy than text written by a person (Zellers et al., 2019). This means that laypeople are able to produce disinformation; however, they may not understand the implications. This study revealed the most reliable clues as guidance to spot machine writing. While natural-language processing (NLP) research focuses on L1 speakers, studies in second language acquisition demonstrate that L1 and L2 speakers attend to different aspects of English (Scarcella, 1984; Tsang, 2017). In this study, social media users completed a Turing-test style quiz, guessed whether news excerpts were machine generated or human written (Saygin et al., 2000) and identified errors that guided their decision. Quantitative analysis revealed that although both L1 and L2 speakers were equally able to defend themselves against machine-generated fake news, L2 participants were more sceptical, labelling more human-written texts as being machine generated. This is possibly due to concern about the stigma associated with being fooled by a machine due to lower language levels. However, factual errors and internal contradictions were the most reliable indicators of machine writing for both groups. This emphasises the importance of fact-checking when news articles prioritise exaggerated headlines, and NLP tools enable production of popular content in areas like medicine.
Burnout Level and Its Associated Factors Among Critical Care Nurses: A Literature Review
Authors: Ramli Siti Norsyuhada , Ahayalimudin Nurul’Ain
Published: April 2023

Burnout is defined as a prolonged response to ongoing interpersonal and emotional stresses at work and has three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and decreasing personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout is a condition that affects individuals working in a variety of professions, including healthcare, and is currently the subject of much national and worldwide interest. Burnout in critical care nurses can result from several different things. So, this review aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout among critical care nurses and the risk factors that affect it. The search, filtration, and selection procedures were carried out using the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram. The publications considered for the thematic review were located using Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library. Items released in English between January 2010 and August 2020 were included in the inclusion period. The search criteria were selected by assessing the abstracts before studying the full-text documents. The keywords to be included in the final analysis were burnout, critical care nurses, critical care units, and the associated factor tied to burnout as the outcome. There was a total of 264 full texts discovered from the electronic databases searched. After the duplicate articles were eliminated and the initial examination of the abstract was finished, twenty studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion. Most of the research used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. The prevalence of burnout ranged widely, from 8.7% to 84.4%, according to the findings. EE was shown to have the highest levels of burnout, with DP coming in second with ranges of 38.4% to 84.0% and 26.1% to 77.0%, respectively. The range for PA, on the other hand, was 15.0% to 77.1%. The main risk factors for burnout were age, gender, marital status, having children, education level, and sociodemographic traits. While working shifts, the number of years of experience, the working environment, the nurse-to-patient ratio, workload, job discontent, and workplace conflict were all occupational characteristics associated with burnout. Burnout is a threat to the critical care nurse. It is unknown whether the factors contributing to burnout pose a significant problem for nurses.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystanders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yasin Selamat , Abu Bakar Siti Azuna , Nurumal Mohd Said , Ahmad Arifin Syamsul
Published: April 2023

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the most popular treatment for unexpected cardiac arrest. In order to enhance the survival and neurological prognosis of out of hospital cardiac arrest patients, both healthcare practitioners and lay rescuers must learn this technique. Millions of people die each year as a result of sudden cardiac arrest across the world due to ineffective CPR performed by bystander. The aim of this review is to identify the existing literature on knowledge, attitude and practice of the community at the out of hospital cardiac arrest level. Guided by the PRISMA Statement review checklist, a systematic review of the Scopus and Web of Science database and Science Direct has identified 332 related studies. The articles were assessed and analysed after evaluation using The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative checklist. Total article accepted were n=11. We reviewed 1150 articles and selected 332 for complete evaluation. We included 11 of the 332 papers in this review that was published since 2018. We classified 11 recommendations; those with the highest scores were 1) Knowledge assisted CPR among bystander CPR remain poor, 2) CPR challenge on stranger, 3) CPR challenge on barrier, 4) The impact on quality CPR on survival rate and 5) Conventional CPR with mouth to mouth vs chest-compression only - CPR. CPR at out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, with several factors that influences such as knowledge, attitude, practice of community bystander CPR. While, the willingness (self-efficacy), the barriers and reluctant of bystander CPR still not clear. The targeted group for CPR training and tailored of training CPR for the bystander CPR give the effect and quality of CPR performance. Furthermore, the motivating factors to begin CPR at the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest level that emerged from a study of these publications. Recommendations not supported by evidence include mass training events, pulse taking prior to CPR by community and CPR using chest compressions alone. We evaluated and classified the potential impact of interventions that have been proposed to improve bystander CPR rates. Our results may help communities design interventions to improve their bystander CPR rates.
Job Satisfaction and Perception Among Female Academics During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nurumal Mohd Said , Jamaludin Sumaiyah @ Thandar Soe , Nor Azizan Nur Aishah , Che Hasan Muhammad Kamil , Resti Yulianti Sutrisno
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic gave off a huge impact on face-to-face or physical learning and the world now is going virtual online learning and teaching until this pandemic settles. The COVID-19 epidemic has created new obstacles for employees in terms of change adaptation and job security, as well as a significant impact on employee well-being and satisfaction, especially for women. Since 2005, female enrolment in academia has continued to grow, and in many countries, females make up more than fifty per cent of the total enrolment in higher education. However, women remain underrepresented in top academic positions globally. This systematic review aimed to look for available articles related to the job satisfaction and perception of female academics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PRISMA flow diagram was used to search the literature systematically, and the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were established prior to the search. The CASP and MMAT were used to conduct the quality assessment. There are six themes emerged from 26 articles in this review and those are an overview of job satisfaction, factors that contribute to job satisfaction, gender gaps related to job satisfaction, academics perception, the mental health of academicians, and the relationship between work from home and job satisfaction. This study recommended for the faculty and university have a serial discussion about maintaining and increasing female academics’ job satisfaction. Therefore, surveys for academicians were vital to learn about their current circumstances, whether in teaching and learning or their psycho-social well-being. Although the university already provides the guidelines for online teaching, it was advisable to review the efficacy of the teaching modalities and infrastructure for the academicians.
TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS' LEARNING ENGLISH: DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT LEARNERS
Authors: TOMAKİN Ercan
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to apply the Perceptual Learning Style Preference Questionnaire (PLSQ) developed by Reid (1984), which measures 6 learning types, to students in the university's foreign language department. In the questionnaire, there are 6 sub-dimensions related to visual, auditory, tactile, kinesthetic, individual and group learning styles. In accordance with the literature, those who can read and understand the topic of instruction in a book on their own are called independent learners, and those who can understand a topic with the help of another person (e.g., teacher) are called dependent learners. Individual learning items in the questionnaire were interpreted in terms of independent learners and group learning items in terms of dependent learners The study examined questionnaire items related to individual or group study, dependent and independent learning, gender, and hand use. The study also examined the relationship between responses to the individual and group learning items, which are sub-dimensions of the questionnaire, and the independent and dependent learning variable from the control questions. A total of 206 students from different classes in the English Language and Literature Department (ELL) voluntarily participated in the study in 2019. Internal reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (Table 2). For other calculations, mean, standard deviation, confirmatory factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U, and Shapiro Wilk tests were used. A relationship was found between some subfactors of PLPQ and the variables gender, hand use, study style and dependent and independent learners. It has been suggested that different and original studies can be conducted by adding new control questions to the current questionnaires and scales.
ERZURUM OVASI’NDA YEM BİTKİLERİ TARIMI VE COĞRAFİ ESASLARI
Authors: HAYTA Mehmet , KOCA Halil
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmada Erzurum Ovası’nda yem bitkileri tarımının coğrafi esasları incelenmiştir. Büyükbaş hayvan varlığı bakımından ülkemizin önde gelen illerinden biri olan Erzurum için yem bitkileri tarımı büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu öneminden dolayı Erzurum Ovası’ndaki yem bitkileri tarımının doğal beşerî ve ekonomik coğrafya özellikleri bir bütün olarak incelenmiş, böylece sürdürülebilir kalkınma için ovanın potansiyeli ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Bu çalışma karma yöntem ile hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve detaylandırılabilmesi için nitel ve nicel verilerin bir arada kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. İstatistiki veriler ile anlatım güçlendirilmeye çalışılmış, tablo, grafik, fotoğraf ve haritalarla görsel anlatım zenginleştirilmiştir. TÜİK, Erzurum İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü ve Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğünün konuyla ilgili verileri toplanmıştır. Geniş bir literatür taraması yapıldıktan sonra faydalanılan anketler incelenmiş ve veri analiz programlarında gereken analizler yapılmıştır.

Erzurum Ovası’nın en alçak yerinin 1750 m yükseltide bulunması ve şiddetli karasal iklimin hüküm sürmesinden dolayı yağış ve sıcaklık gibi iklim özellikleri tarımsal faaliyetleri önemli ölçüde sınırlandırmıştır. Bunun yanında Erzurum Ovası’nın 825 km2’lik geniş bir alana ve yüksek toprak verimliliğe sahip olması gibi avantajları da vardır. Bu avantajlar sürdürülebilir hayvancılık faaliyetleri için de önem taşımaktadır. Diğer taraftan tarım topraklarının miras yoluyla küçülmesi ve parsel sayısının artması, bir kısım toprak sahiplerinin yöreden göç etmesi sebebiyle tarım arazilerinin ekilmemesi ve artan girdi fiyatları gibi beşerî çevreden kaynaklanan sorunlar da bulunmaktadır.

Erzurum Ovası’nın yem bitkileri tarımı için artıları ve eksileri bulunsa da modern tarım yöntemlerinin doğru bir şekilde kullanılması ile yem bitkileri tarımında verim ve kârlılık artırılabilir. Yem bitkileri tarımındaki bu verim ve kârlılık büyükbaş hayvancılığı da büyük ölçüde destekleyecektir.
The Correlation Between Students' Translation Ability and The Frequency of Using Google Translate of English Study Program Students at Riau University
Authors: Ulfa Maria
Published: April 2023

The objective of this research was to discover the correlation between students' translation ability and the frequency of using Google translate. This research applied a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The sample for this research included 36 representative from the sixth-semester students, who have completed Translation subjects for 2 semesters. The researcher used an online questionnaire and translation test to collect the data. The data was computed and analyzed by using Pearson correlation. The score of correlation obtained is -0.075 which is in the interval of 0.00-0.20. Thus, the relationship is categorized as a very low correlation. Furthermore, based on the calculation of the product moment suggested that the p-value is higher than the level of significance (0.662>0.05) which means the Null Hypothesis (N0) is accepted and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is rejected. It means there is no significant correlation between students ' translation ability and the frequency of using Google translate of English study program students at Riau University. The calculation of determination of coefficient additionally indicated that only 0.6 % students’ translation ability was influenced by the frequency of Google Translate use.
Afiks se- sebagai Afiks Derivasional dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Zevaulima Dilivia Ailsa , Rosidah Khotimatul , Ginanjar Bakdal
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan bentuk afiksasi se- pada bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini berupa kalimat yang mengandung prefiks se- yang bersumber dari surat kabar online, antalogi cerpen, dan buku ilmiah yang dimungkinkan adanya bentuk kalimat dari afiksasi se-. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak dan teknik catat yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik bagi unsur langsung dilanjutkan teknik lesap, ganti, dan perluas. Hasil analisis data disajikan dengan metode informal. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah afiks derivasional se- berfungsi membentuk nomina, numeralia, adjektiva, dan adverbia. Pola afiksasi derivasional se- dapat dirumuskan menjadi 10: (se- + Adj → N), (se- + Adj → Num), (se- + Adj → Adj), (se- + V → N), (se- + V → Num), (se- + V → Adj), (se- + V → Adv), (se- + N → N), (se- + N → Num), (se- + Adv → Adv).
BENTUK SINONIMI SEBAGAI ANALISIS SEMANTIK TERHADAP BAHASA MELAYU DIALEK PONTIANAK
Authors: Kurniasih Dwi
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan serta mendeskripsikan bentuk sinonimi dari bahasa Melayu dialek Pontianak di Kota Pontianak dengan analisis semantik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik obeservasi, teknik rekam, dan teknik simak sadap. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini berupa bentuk-bentuk sinonimi dalam bahasa Melayu dialek Pontianak. Berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh dari proses penelitian ditemukan bentuk sinonimi berupa (1) bentuk sinonimi absolut (2) bentuk sinonimi proposional (3) bentuk sinonimi beredekatan.
Implikasi CEFR Pada Buku Ajar Sahabatku Indonesia Untuk Penutur Bahasa Arab Level 1
Authors: Juliar Fahri Ahmad , Supriadi Rinaldi
Published: April 2023

BIPA merupakan langkah strategis dalam upaya menginternasionalkan bahasa Indonesia. Untuk mendukung kelancaran dalam proses pembelajaran, perlu adanya buku ajar BIPA sesuai dengan standar kompetensi sebagaimana tertuang dalam Permendikbud No.27 tahun 2017. Hal ini agar pemelajar BIPA mendapatkan pembelajaran yang tepat sesuai kebutuhan. Pengembangan standar BIPA merujuk pada Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) yang merupakan tingkatan kemahiran dalam berbahasa. CEFR memiliki 3 tahapan dengan 6 level dimulai dari A1-A2 untuk Basic User, B1-B2 Independent User, dan C1-C2 untuk Proficient User.  Oleh sebab itu, penting bagi para pengajar dan pengembang bahan ajar untuk  mengetahui dan memahami CEFR. Penelitian ini berfokus pada implikasi CEFR Level A1 dalam buku ajar Sahabatku Indonesia Untuk Penutur Bahasa Arab Level 1. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa  CEFR telah diterapkan dalam buku ajar dengan menyajikan empat kemahiran berbahasa yang meliputi materi membaca, menyimak, menulis dan berbicara.
مستوى السلوك الانسحابي وعلاقته بالتلوث النفسي لدى عينة من الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة البصرية في أكاديمية الشمال في طبربور
Authors: الرحامنة دعاء خالد , السفاسفة محمد إبراهيم
Published: April 2023

هدف البحث الكشف عن مستوى السلوك الانسحابي لدى عينة من الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة البصرية في أكاديمية الشمال في طبربور وعلاقته بالتلوث النفسي، وتكونت عينة البحث من (248) طالبًا وطالبة، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وتم تطوير مقياسين الأول لقياس السلوك الانسحابي، والثاني لقياس التلوث النفسي، بعد أن تم التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما. أشارت نتائج البحث أن المتوسطات الحسابية لمقياس السلوك الانسحابي كانت بمستوى متوسط وأن المتوسطات الحسابية لمقياس التلوث النفسي جاءت بمستوى متوسط. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية طردية موجبة بين الدرجات على مقياس السلوك الانسحابي ومقياس التلوث النفسي، وعدم وجود اختلاف في العلاقة بين السلوك الانسحابي والتلوث النفسي باختلاف متغيرات (الجنس، والمرحلة الدراسية، وشدة الإعاقة). وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: ضرورة وضع البرامج لتوجيه الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة البصرية للتخفيف من السلوك الانسحابي والتلوث النفسي لديهم، وضرورة توعية أولياء الأمور لفئة الطلبة ذوي الإعاقة البصرية بدمج أطفالهم بالمجتمع للتخفيف من ظاهرة السلوك الانسحابي لديهم.
Descriptions of three new species and one subspecies of Physatocheila (Heteroptera: Tingidae) from China and the Russian Far East, with an identification key to the species of the Russian fauna
Authors: Golub V.B. , Soboleva V.A.
Published: April 2023

Three new species of the lace bug genus Physatocheila Fieber, 1844 (Heteroptera: Tingidae) from China (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces) are described: Ph. explanata sp. nov., Ph. angusta sp. nov., and Ph. potanini sp. nov. A new subspecies Ph. miyatakei latiuscula subsp. nov. is described from China (Sichuan Province) and the southern part of the Primorskiy Territory, the Far East of Russia. A key for the identification of Physatocheila species of the Russian fauna, including the new taxa, is presented. The distributions of all species are briefly summarised in the key. The species discussed herein are provided with original photographs.
Effect of a complex modified additive based on post-alcohol bard on the strength behavior of concrete
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Altynbekova A.D. , Lukpanov R.E. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Dyussembinov D.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Askerbekova A.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Gunasekaran M. ,   Uttaranchal University
Published: April 2023

The article presents the third stage of the study results of a complex modified additive (CMA), in the accuracy of the influence of the variable ingredients of CMA on the strength of cement. This article shows the methodology of making samples, the selection of additive composition at different percentages of components, and the analysis of the strength behavior of the obtained results. To evaluate the changes in strength, samples were made and tested in compression and bending at 7, 14, and 28 days of normal-moist hardening. The results of the experiment showed that the addition of plasticizers (PAB) reduces the quantity of water - 35%, by increasing the strength of concrete by 20%. Compressive and bending strength results of the modified samples showed the best results, which were in the range of 42.80-63.66 MPa and 3.34-8.75 MPa, compared with the control composition. From the results of the research, the additive accelerates hardening and it was found that the additive contributes to the growth of strength, both at an early age and at the design age (28 days). The results of the experiment showed that from the standpoint of improving the qualitative characteristics of the samples, the use of plasticizers is appropriate. The use of CMA in the composition of concrete increases the strength, and therefore developed by the authors of CMA changes the structure of concrete and most importantly, increases the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete.
A Study of Superpave Design Gyrations for High Traffic Surface Mixtures
Authors:   LN Gumilev Eurasian National university, Kosparmakova S. , Azlan M. ,   University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Fischer D. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC,   Satbayev University
Published: April 2023

The methodology of the research that was used to evaluate the comparative results of surface mixes with a nominal maximum aggregate size of 12.5mm is presented in this paper. Also presented are the recommended Ndes values for C-level and D-level mixes, which are designed to handle traffic levels of 3-30 Million and greater than 30 Million ESALs, respectively. In order to determine the amount of asphalt that was present, asphalt concrete mixes were fabricated utilizing the Superpave design process at Ndes levels of 50, 75, 100, and 125 gyrations. Using the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester instrument, we were able to determine the dynamic modulus (E*) at the design asphalt content for a number of different gyration levels. The E* data and related binder properties were used as input in the AASHTO Darwin-ME software to anticipate the rutting and fatigue performance of the mixtures. This was accomplished by assuming a model pavement section and appropriate traffic levels. In order to determine which Ndes are most appropriate, relative performance indicators for rutting and fatigue have been developed and plotted against asphalt content. The Ndes value of 85 gyrations was found to be ideal for both surface mixes after extensive research.
An Overview of the Current State and the Advantages of using acrylic resins as anticorrosive coatings
Authors:   Kazakh-British Technical University, Muradova S. , Negim El-Sayed ,   Kazakh-British Technical University, Makhmetova A. ,   Kazakh-British Technical University, Ainakulova D. ,   Kazakh-British Technical University, Mohamad N.M.I. ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: April 2023

Corrosion protection coating is one of the most common ways of protecting structures against all kinds of negative external influences. Various types of anti-corrosion coatings can be used to successfully extend the service life of products. However, conventional paints are not water-resistant coatings, and small cracks always appear over time due to temperature fluctuations. Compared to other types of coatings, acrylic coatings are less expensive and just as durable. Acrylic resins have high anti-corrosion properties as well as water resistance, impact resistance, good adhesion to the substrate and overall durability. This powerful combination of cost and performance makes acrylic coatings such a popular and sensible solution for protecting structures against corrosion. The main purpose of this review is to describe the different types of acrylic resins and compare their properties, synthesis and drawbacks. It is expected that this work will be the cornerstone for the future development of acrylic resins.
Conceptualizing the Oral History of Philosophy: The Interview Problem
Authors: Khoma Oleg
Published: April 2023

The paper determines the status of the “Oral History of Philosophy” within the history of philosophy as a discipline. The author formulates his theses as answers to the fundamental questions Serhii Yosypenko asked in 2019. The latter subjected the first attempts to comprehend the then-new concept of “Oral History of Philosophy” to fruitful criticism. It is in response to his criticisms that the former gives now his answers which can be summarized in six points: (1) Oral History of Philosophy is fundamentally different from Oral History and is not limited to the application of the interview method; (2) it is a set of dialogical methods of producing new information in the field of the history of philosophy, that is, a new methodology that can be used in any historical-philosophical research; (3) the main difference is the orientation of the Oral History of Philosophy not to personal testimony, but to joint reflection; (4) this focus on reflection determines all the methods of Oral History of Philosophy; (5) the name “Oral History of Philosophy” is due to the specifics of the situation that gave rise to this methodology rather than a conscious conceptual reflection; (6) this methodology can be given a more exact name: “Dialogical forms of historical-philosophical reflection”, while the name “Oral history of philosophy” can be used for those dialogical forms that rely on oral speech.
Cioran's philosophical essay as the quintessence of European pessimism of the 20th century. Cioran, E. (2023). Syllogism of the Bitterness. The Fall into Time. Kyiv: Duh i Litera.
Authors: Anuchina Vlada
Published: April 2023

Review of Cioran, E. (2023). Syllogism of the Bitterness. The Fall into Time. Kyiv: Duh i Litera.
Research on Scepticism in Brazilian Philosophy
Authors: Smith Plínio Junqueira , Lukovyna Oleksandr
Published: April 2023

Olexandr Lukovyna’s interview with Professor Plínio Junqueira Smith is devoted to skeptic research in Brazilian philosophy, the beginning of skeptic studies in Brazil, Oswaldo Porchat’s and Ezequiel de Olaso’s roles in establishing the tradition of skeptic studies, contemporary studies in skepticism, and the global state of affairs in skeptic research.
Phenomenology of fate signs. Part IІІ
Authors: Prychepii Yevhen , Anuchina Vlada , Dziuba Yana , Gorobenko Yana
Published: April 2023

Interview of Vlada Anuchina, Yana Dziuba and Yana Gorobenko with Yevhen Prychepii.
Ideological Underpinning of Political Slogans of Mainstream Political Parties of Pakistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Shah Hamed Hussain , Iqbal Javed , Mahmood Arshad
Published: April 2023

Language is not merely a means of communication; it is also a carrier of the ideology of the people who speak it though it may not be easily discernible at times. This implies that language and ideology bear a very close relationship with each other. The present study reports how language and ideology are interwoven in the form of slogans found in the political gatherings and rallies of three mainstream political parties of Pakistan: PMLN(Pakistan Muslim League, N),PPP(Pakistan People's Party) and PTI(Pakistan Tehreek –e- Insaf). To critically analyse the selected slogans,methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) offered by Van Dijk and specific meanings which are not clear to the ordinary audience. The present study also aimed at finding out how the hidden ideology manipulates the judgements and reaction of the public.
Effect of antisiphon devices on ventriculoperitoneal shunt drainage dynamics in growing children
Authors: Tachatos Nikolaos , Fernandes Dias Sandra , Jehli Elisabeth , Lübben Dennis , Schuhmann Martin Ulrich , Schmid Daners Marianne
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

Infants and small children face changing boundary conditions when treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for hydrocephalus. There are no systematic data describing shunt drainage behavior and changes over time in a growing child. Using a child-adapted patient simulator, the authors investigated the drainage behaviors of fixed differential pressure (DP) valves and adjustable valves with devices for preventing overdrainage in children of different ages.

METHODS

Three miniNAV DP valves with a 10–cm H2O medium-pressure setting (MN10) and three adjustable proGAV2.0 valves with a 25–cm H2O gravitational unit (GU) at low 5–cm H2O opening pressure (PG5) and medium 10–cm H2O opening pressure (PG10) settings were each investigated with a hardware-in-the-loop test bed. This test bed consisted of a posture motion mechanism and two pressure compartments that mimicked intracranial and abdominal pressures and was used to test the VPS under realistic in vitro conditions. Body orientation and length were physically set according to the child’s age. The software simulated the physiological situations of children aged 1, 5, and 10 years. All valves were tested according to these specifications, with 5 runs for 1 hour each in the horizontal, vertical, and horizontal positions. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and VPS flow were measured, and the respective cerebrospinal fluid volume changes and ICP set value were computed.

RESULTS

The drainage parameters increased with age in all valves in the vertical position, with that of MN10 being pronounced in the 1-year-old simulation. The GU values in PG5 and PG10 substantially reduced drainage compared with MN10. PG10 prevented drainage in the 1-year-old and 5-year-old setups, but there was some drainage at physiological ICP in the 10-year-old setup. In contrast, MN10 produced the largest decreases in ICP across all ages and positions, and overdrainage resulted in insufficient ICP recovery in the subsequent horizontal position. ICP levels were mostly constant with PG10 at all ages.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that unprotected DP valves may lead to overdrainage in infants, whereas low-pressure GU valves can prevent overdrainage through 5 years and medium-pressure GU valves admit physiological ICP through at least 10 years. Therefore, devices for preventing overdrainage should be included in the first implanted shunt, and opening pressure should be adjusted as the child grows.
Predictors of extent of resection and recurrence following endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngioma
Authors: Bobeff Ernest J. , Mathios Dimitrios , Mistry Adina A. , Dobri Georgiana A. , Souweidane Mark M. , Anand Vijay K. , Tabaee Abtin , Kacker Ashutosh , Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Schwartz Theodore H.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE

Craniopharyngioma is a benign but surgically challenging brain tumor. Controversies exist regarding its ideal treatment strategy, goals of surgery, efficacy of radiation, and the long-term outcomes of these decisions. The authors of this study performed a detailed analysis of factors predictive of the extent of resection and recurrence in large series of craniopharyngiomas removed via an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) with long-term follow-up.

METHODS

From a prospective database of all EEAs done at Weill Cornell Medical College by the senior author from 2004 to 2022, a consecutive series of histologically proven craniopharyngiomas were identified. Gross-total resection (GTR) was generally the goal of surgery. Radiation was often given if GTR had not been achieved. The stalk was preserved if not infiltrated with tumor but was sacrificed to achieve GTR. Intentional subtotal resection (STR) was performed in select cases to avoid hypothalamic injury.

RESULTS

Among the 111 identified cases were 88 adults and 23 children. Newly diagnosed cases comprised 58.6% of the series. GTR was attempted in 77.5% of the patients and among those cases was achieved in 89.5% of treatment-naive tumors and 72.4% of recurrent tumors. An inability to achieve GTR was predicted by prior surgical treatment (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.6, p = 0.009), tumor diameter ≥ 3.5 cm (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.53, p = 0.006), and encasement of the optic nerve or a major artery (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.8, p = 0.03). GTR with stalk preservation maintained some anterior pituitary function in 64.5% of cases and prevented diabetes insipidus in 25.8%.

After a median follow-up of 51 months (IQR 17–80 months), the recurrence rate after GTR was 12.5% compared with 38.5% after non-GTR. The median recurrence-free survival was 5.5 years after STR, 8.3 years after near-total resection (≥ 98%), and not reached after GTR (p = 0.004, log-rank test). GTR was the strongest predictor of recurrence-free survival (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.42, p = 0.002), whereas radiation did not show a statistically significant impact (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.45–3.08). In GTR cases, the recurrence rate was higher if the stalk had been preserved (22.6%) as opposed to a sacrificed stalk (4.9%; OR 5.69, 95% CI 1.09–29.67).

CONCLUSIONS

The study data show that GTR should be the goal of surgery in craniopharyngiomas if it can be achieved safely. Although stalk preservation can maintain some endocrine function, the risk of recurrence is higher in such cases. Radiation may not be as effective as previously reported.
İshalli köpeklerde Cryptosporidium parvum’un varlığının araştırılması
Authors: DİNÇ Halil , ASLAN Öznur
Published: April 2023

Sunulan çalışmada Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerine köpek yetiştiren Jandarma At ve Köpek Eğitim Merkezi Komutanlığı’ndaki yavru köpeklerde karşılaşılan ishallerde Cryptosporidium parvum varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Hayvan materyalini 100 adet farklı ırk (Pointer, Alman çoban köpeği, Belçika Malinois, Çatalburun, Labrador ve Golden Retriever), yaş (28 gün-9 aylık) ve cinsiyette ishalli köpek oluşturdu. Köpeklerden alınan dışkı örneklerinde natif, flotasyon ve karbol fuksin boyama yöntemi ile parazitolojik inceleme yapıldı. Ayrıca immunokromotografik hızlı test kitleri kullanılarak C. parvum’un varlığı araştırıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen köpeklerden 18’inde Toxocara canis (%18), 3’ünde Toxoscaris leonine (%3), 8’inde Giardia spp. (%8), 25’inde ise Cystoisospora spp. (%25) belirlenirken Cryptosporidium parvum tespit edilemedi. Cystoisospora spp. yüzdesi bakımından yaş ve ırk arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken (P0.05). Sonuç olarak; Cryptosporidium parvum için test edilen 100 köpeğin dışkı örnekleri, nativ, flotasyon ve karbol fuksin boyama yöntemleri ve immunokromatografik hızlı test kiti muayeneleriyle negatif bulundu.
PROJECT BASE LEARNING (PjBL) MODEL IN BIOLOGY LEARNING CONCEPT: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Melina Maria Magdalena , Zuhro Meita Valentina , Siregar Nurhasanah , Ristanto Ristanto , Isfaeni Hanum
Published: April 2023

The need for active and innovative learning models in the 21st century encourages teachers to use appropriate learning models to achieve learning objectives. PjBL is a learning model that organizes classes in a project. The purpose of this study was to re-analyze research on project-based learning models (PjBL) in biology learning. This study uses the method of meta-analysis by reviewing a number of research results related to the research theme. The samples taken from this study were 10 articles with national and international standards. Based on the results of the analysis, the overall average effect size is 0.936. This shows that overall the project-based learning model has a high effect, so that it can be used as an alternative learning model that is effectively applied in biology learning.
KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA PADA MATERI VIRUS PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SMAN 3 LUWUK
Authors: Haruna Moh. Fahri , Nurlia Nurlia , Levianti Suci
Published: April 2023

Students' scientific literacy in virus material is important to know their ability to read, write, or speak to get information or knowledge from various sources on virus material. the purpose of this study was to look at the scientific literacy skills of Luwuk 3 Public High School students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data collection technique used in this study consisted of observation, filling out the instrument by students. This type of research questionnaire is in the form of multiple choice questions that are used to measure students' scientific literacy abilities, namely students' understanding in identifying scientific problems, explaining phenomena scientifically and using scientific evidence. data analysis using descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the researcher can conclude that of the 3 indicators measured, namely, the first identifies a scientific issue with a bad category present value (35.57%), the second explains the phenomenon scientifically with a moderate present value (50.75%) , and third, utilizing scientific evidence with a percentage value in the sufficient category (54.73%). The present results for all categories show that the scientific literacy skills of SMAN 3 Luwuk students regarding the Covid-19 virus are in the sufficient category with a percentage value of 47.39%.
RESPON SISWA TERHADAP LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) MATERI BIOTEKNOLOGI PRODUK FERMENTASI LOKAL DI SMA NEGERI
Authors: Haty Nurhaty Purnama Sari , Agustina Fenny , Saputri Riska Henilian
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine students' responses to local fermented biotechnology Worksheets. This research was a type of qualitative descriptive research. Data collection used a questionnaire with Likert scale. Data trials were carried out with 2 scales, they are small scale of 8 respondents and large scale of 28 respondents. Based on the assessment of the results of the questionnaire that given to small-scale respondents, reached 89% in the very good category, while the large-scale respondents amounted to 87.81% in the very good category.
PENGEMBANGAN PANDUAN PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI BERBASIS DIGITAL PADA MATERI JARINGAN HEWAN KELAS XI SMA NURUL FALAH PEKANBARU
Authors: Sembiring Al Khudri , Wahyuni Sri , Agustina Lilis
Published: April 2023

This research is research and development using a modification of the three stages of the 4D development model, namely Define, Design, and Develop. The samples in this study were 2 media experts, 2 material experts, 2 linguists, 1 biology teacher and 10 MIA class XI students from Nurul Falah High School Pekanbaru as respondents. The sampling technique is the Non-Probability sampling technique, namely by using a saturated sample. Data collection techniques used quantitative and qualitative data, namely interviews conducted with biology teachers, filling out questionnaires conducted by 2 media experts, 2 material experts, 2 linguists, 1 biology teacher, and class XI MIA students from Nurul High School Falah Pekanbaru, as well as documentation. The results showed that the average percentage of the validity of the two media experts was 95.36% (very valid), the percentage of the two material experts was 94.58% (very valid), the percentage of the two linguists was 95.33% (very valid). ), the practicality percentage of biology teachers was 88.88% (very practical), and the percentage of student response tests was 87.50% (very practical). Thus, a digital-based biology practicum guideline on animal tissue material is appropriate for class XI students to use.
Sosialisasi Dan Rancangan Jaringan Pipa Air Bersih Di Desa Kampung Pinang Kecamatan Perhentian Raja Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Mildawati Roza , Adriati Yolly , Ramadhan Rizdqi Akbar , Ramadhan Riskon , Azhimy Dhany Fauzan
Published: April 2023

The need for clean water in Indonesia is still not distributed evenly. Clean water is not distributed evenly due to obstacles and problems. Based on observations in Kampung Pinang Village, Kampar Regency, there is already a clean water reservoir, but in the reservoir there is no clean water distribution system available to homes to meet community needs. To analyze the problems and efforts to complete this research, the researcher uses a literature study that is  used to obtain clarity of concepts in  research, namely by obtaining books, journals, and previous research, which contains the basics of theory and calculation formulas, and obtains data that support in completing this research, namely secondary data in the form of population data, village maps and other data obtained directly from parties related to this research. The planning of a clean water system network using EPANET 2.0 software in hamlet 1, Kampung Pianang village, Kampar Regency is carried out using the gravity method and using a pump where the water source comes from an existing reservoir. The projected population of Kampung Pinang until 2030 is 1385 people, so by analyzing water  needs,  it  is  found  that  the  need  for  clean  water  in  2030  is  1.742 l/second.  From  the simulation results of the EPANET 2.0 software using the gravity method on the clean water network in the village of Kampung Pinang, the highest pressure value is 11.97 m at junction J4 and the lowest pressure is 3.80 m at junction J20. Meanwhile, all pressure values   using a pump have met the requirements. The highest velocity (velocity) is 0.14 m/s on pipe P1 and pipe P2 and the lowest speed is 0.01 m/s on pipe P12. The highest energy loss (headloss) is 0.39 m/km in the P1 and P2 pipes and the lowest energy loss is 0.01 m/km in the P12 pipes.
Empowering Teachers with the Application of a Process Approach in Indonesian Language Learning in Surakarta City Junior High School
Authors: Ari Suryawati Secio Chaesar  , Andayani  , Suyitno  , Arif Setyawan
Published: April 2023

The learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic presents a new paradigm, namely learning which was originally teacher-centered, shifting towards a students-centered learning paradigm by utilizing network media. Thus, it is necessary to coordinate cooperatively between teachers and students to create attractive, innovative, creative, and meaningful learning. However, in reality there are still obstacles faced but Indonesian language teachers, such as the not yet optimal application of the approach in the learning process in accordance with the latest curriculum and the absence of practical guidelines in activiting students in learning Indonesian during the pandemic and post-pandemic. Therefore, Community Service (PkM) activites aim to change the mindset of the Indonesian language teacher audience from teacher-centered learning to student-centered learning by applying a process approach, as well as improving the quality of student learning from learning about language to learning to use language. The method used in PkM is through the stages of problem identification and field studies, making books, training for teachers, practical training in the application of the process approach, as well as monitoring and evaluating the implementation of activities. The results of PkM activities can be concluded that partners understand and implement in practical exercises. Comments are based on PkM activities, namely that participants are enthusiastic about the material presented and hope that the training will continue to be developed by adding discussion topics and practice exercises to Indonesian language subject matter in Junior High Schools.