bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivativos: o que são e a evolução quanto ao aspecto contábil
Authors: Amaral Carlos Antonio Lopes Vaz do
Published: February 2017

O mercado de derivativos tem crescido de forma impressionante nos últimos vinte anos, seja em termos de volume ou em termos de instrumentos financeiros disponíveis. Embora tenha havido perdas que ocorreram com empresas bastante conhecidas do público e aliada as inúmeras advertências dos meios de comunicação sobre os riscos inerentes a esses instrumentos, ainda assim, o mercado de derivativos tem sido usado por um grande número de empresas, já que esses instrumentos permitem transferir os riscos tanto de mercado como o de crédito para uma terceira parte. Entre as causas que originaram as perdas acima mencionadas figuram as devidas à relativa falta de conhecimento com que esses instrumentos têm sido utilizados. Além do mais, esses instrumentos sempre foram considerados complexos e um tanto sofisticados e num primeiro momento não foram contabilizados, sendo portanto considerados como itens fora do balanço, e dessa forma, muitas empresas usavam-nos para fugir das exigências das legislações, mantendo assim os riscos dos ativos no próprio balanço, quando deveriam justamente evitar esse tipo procedimento. Nesse artigo, nosso objetivo se concentrou nas definições do que vem a ser um instrumento derivativo, procurando mostrar a evolução na forma de contabilizá-los, finalizando com a abordagem realizada pelo SFAS 133 na forma de mensurar os derivativos, mostrando que a forma de contabilizá-los a valores justos ("fair value") é uma evolução quando se compara com o "velho" método do custo histórico.
Modelo de apuração de resultado de redes de varejo sob o enfoque da gestão econômica: Gecon
Authors: Ponte Vera Maria Rodrigues
Published: February 2017

Nos últimos anos o cenário econômico brasileiro passou por grandes transformações, decorrentes da quebra de barreiras comerciais e da crescente globalização dos mercados, exigindo da sociedade empresarial maior competitividade. Inseridas nesse ambiente, as empresa brasileiras vivem momentos de grandes mudanças nos seus processos administrativos e operacionais. O segmento varejista não foge à regra; as empresas do setor também procuram adequar-se à nova ordem econômica. Visando à contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento dos sistemas de informações gerenciais dessas empresas, o presente artigo apresenta um modelo de apuração de resultado de redes de varejo fundamentado nos conceitos de Gestão Econômica, construído a partir do estudo das principais atividades desenvolvidas no ciclo de compra e venda de mercadorias. O Modelo proposto permite evidenciar a formação do resultado das redes de varejo ao longo da sua cadeia produtiva, destacando a efetiva contribuição de cada atividade e área de responsabilidade. Através da análise dos resultados apresentados pelo Modelo, conclui-se que, na apuração dessas contribuições, não há a transferência de eficiências nem de ineficiências de uma atividade ou área de responsabilidade para outra.
A mensuração do resultado da qualidade em empresas brasileiras
Authors: Alencar Roberta Carvalho de , Guerreiro Reinaldo
Published: February 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar junto a um grupo seleto de empresas, como elas desenvolvem a mensuração dos resultados decorrentes da implantação dos programas de qualidade. As principais questões de pesquisa colocadas foram: qual a importância que as empresas concedem ao ato de mensurar resultados da qualidade; qual o momento mais propício para efetuar a mensuração desses resultados; quais são as fontes de dados utilizados, e de que forma o resultado é medido. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica foi efetuada a análise de duas metodologias de apuração do resultado proporcionado pela qualidade: Custos da Qualidade e Retorno da Qualidade. O estudo empírico foi realizado por meio de questionários junto a 11 empresas listadas no rol das empresas finalistas do Prêmio Nacional de Qualidade desde a sua instituição até o ano de 2001. O estudo de caráter exploratório aponta para a conclusão de que os resultados são calculados apenas parcialmente pelas empresas, tanto no que diz respeito à abrangência do reflexo dos programas nas receitas e custos, quanto no que se refere ao momento de calcular tais resultados. O uso por parte da empresa de medidas indicadoras do efeito potencial da qualidade nas receitas futuras, tais como satisfação e taxa de retenção de clientes e fatia de mercado, demonstra que há consciência da existência e da importância desses efeitos, abrindo o campo para pesquisas de metodologias de mensuração.
Utilização de controles de gestão nas maiores indústrias catarinenses
Authors: Raupp Fabiano Maury , Martins Samuel João , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: February 2017

Este artigo objetiva demonstrar o efetivo uso dos controles de gestão nas maiores indústrias catarinenses. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório do tipo levantamento ou survey. Utilizando como parâmetro indústrias com mais de 200 funcionários, a população do estudo, após al-guns ajustes realizados, consistiu de 250 empresas. Para essas foi enviado um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, via e-mail, obtendo respostas de 36 empresas, que constituíram a amostra da pesquisa. Para tratamento dos dados optou-se por uma abordagem predominantemente quantitativa. Assim, inicia-se o artigo com uma incursão teórica no processo de gestão e nos controles de gestão. Em seguida, procede-se à descrição e análise dos dados, enfocando as características das empresas, o perfil dos respondentes, a utilização dos controles de gestão, as formas de disponibilização das informações geradas pelos controles, bem como os aspectos positivos e negativos percebidos pelos respondentes em relação aos controles de gestão utilizados. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que as empresas valem-se de diversos tipos de controles a fim de auxiliar o processo de gestão.
O custo de abandono nas empresas petrolíferas
Authors: Santos Odilanei Morais dos , Marques José Augusto Veiga da Costa , Silva Paula Danyelle Almeida da
Published: February 2017

As atividades petrolíferas são tipicamente de alto risco e, conseqüentemente, de altos prêmios, quando do sucesso do esforço exploratório. Nesse contexto, o custo de abandono é um componente fundamental em qualquer análise de viabilidade econômica de projetos de exploração e produção de óleo e gás. Tais custos são extremamente elevados e chegam a exceder, em alguns casos, aos investimentos incorridos para a construção da infraestrutura e instalação dos equipamentos necessários à produção. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o arcabouço teórico e normativo do reconhecimento contábil do custo de abandono na contabilidade das empresas petrolíferas, contribuindo para o entendimento adequado das informações contábeis dessas empresas. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório-descritivo das normas contábeis aplicáveis ao custo de abandono nas empresas petrolíferas. As estimativas do custo de abandono devem ser consideradas como parte dos custos capitalizados do ativo (poços, equipamentos e instalações), tendo como contrapartida no passivo, o valor correspondente às obrigações futuras do desmantelamento, remoção e restauração dos campos petrolíferos. Tal prática foi implementada pelo SFAS 143 para dar uniformidade às informações divulgadas pelas empresas do setor, ante a diversidade de práticas anteriormente existentes.
Um experimento de oscilador forçado amortecido
Authors: Tomasi D. , Caparelli E.C.
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho apresenta um experimento apropriado para as aulas de laboratório que são normalmente oferecidas em cursos de graduação. Este experimento está baseado em oscilações forçadas amortecidas de uma agulha magnética e permite a observação do fenômeno de ressonância, que ocorre quando a freqüência do campo magnético dependente do tempo coincide com a freqüência de oscilações livres da agulha de uma bússola, que por sua vez depende da magnetização e do momento de inércia da agulha. As oscilações da agulha foram monitoradas com uma sonda Hall e um microcomputador, e os resultados experimentais foram comparados com a teoria através da análise de Fourier dos dados. Estes resultados apresentaram boa concordância com as previsões teóricas.
Dois problemas práticos de eletricidade Vitoriana e sua discussão no ensino secundário e universitário
Authors: Tort A.C.
Published: February 2017

Dois problemas práticos inspirados na biografia de Oliver Heaviside de Paul Nahin, a iluminação residencial e a determinação do ponto de perda de corrente em um cabo telegráfico, são apresentados, discutidos e resolvidos no quadro da eletricidade aplicada da Era Vitoriana. Os dois problemas são ilustracões concretas e relativamente simples das intrincadas relações entre a física e o mundo dos negócios práticos. Elementos simples da teoria dos circuitos de corrente contínua como, por exemplo, a lei de Ohm e a álgebra colegial, são as únicas ferramentas que necessitamos para discutí-los em sala de aula, tanto no ensino medio como nos cursos básicos de eletricidade e magnetismo no nível universitário.
Quantitative Three-Dimensional Tissue Cytometry to Study Kidney Tissue and Resident Immune Cells
Authors: Winfree Seth , Khan Shehnaz , Micanovic Radmila , Eadon Michael T. , Kelly Katherine J. , Sutton Timothy A. , Phillips Carrie L. , Dunn Kenneth W. , El-Achkar Tarek M.
Published: February 2017

Analysis of the immune system in the kidney relies predominantly on flow cytometry. Although powerful, the process of tissue homogenization necessary for flow cytometry analysis introduces bias and results in the loss of morphologic landmarks needed to determine the spatial distribution of immune cells. An ideal approach would support three-dimensional (3D) tissue cytometry: an automated quantitation of immune cells and associated spatial parameters in 3D image volumes collected from intact kidney tissue. However, widespread application of this approach is limited by the lack of accessible software tools for digital analysis of large 3D microscopy data. Here, we describe Volumetric Tissue Exploration and Analysis (VTEA) image analysis software designed for efficient exploration and quantitative analysis of large, complex 3D microscopy datasets. In analyses of images collected from fixed kidney tissue, VTEA replicated the results of flow cytometry while providing detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of immune cells in different regions of the kidney and in relation to specific renal structures. Unbiased exploration with VTEA enabled us to discover a population of tubular epithelial cells that expresses CD11C, a marker typically expressed on dendritic cells. Finally, we show the use of VTEA for large-scale quantitation of immune cells in entire human kidney biopsies. In summary, we show that VTEA is a simple and effective tool that supports unique digital interrogation and analysis of kidney tissue from animal models or biobanked human kidney biopsies. We have made VTEA freely available to interested investigators via electronic download.
Icelanders' beliefs about medicines. Use of BMQ
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences‚ University of Iceland‚ Reykjavik‚ Iceland‚ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology‚ Faculty of Medicine‚ University of Iceland‚ Reykjavik‚ Iceland, Vilhelmsdóttir Hlíf , Jóhannsson Magnús ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology‚ Faculty of Medicine‚ University of Iceland‚ Reykjavik‚ Iceland
Published: February 2017

Objective: To study beliefs held by the general public in Iceland about medicines. Methods: The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire was used to explore Icelanders' beliefs about medicines. A sample of 1500 Icelandic citizens, aged 18-75, obtained from the Social Science Research Insti­tute was given The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. Results: The response rate was 61.6%. Most Icelanders have positive beliefs about their medication as well as general trust. Those who suffer from chronic diseases are more positive towards medicines than others and less inclined to view them as excessively used and harmful. Higher level of education predicts more positive beliefs towards medication - and vice versa. Gender and age do not seem to affect such beliefs. Conclusion: Gaining a better understanding of people´s beliefs about medicines and what determines these beliefs can be of considerable value in the search for ways to improve therapy and adherence, espe­cially for those suffering from chronic diseases. Promoting education for the general public about medicines might result in less mis­understanding among patients and subsequently better grounded ­beliefs and more adequate therapeutic adherence.
Análisis del autoconcepto y realización personal: nuevos desafíos en la formación inicial del profesorado
Authors: Pegalajar Palomino Mª del Carmen
Published: February 2017

La formación inicial del profesorado debe favorecer su desarrollo integral, potenciando la adquisición de contenidos académicos así como la mejora de habilidades emocionales. Este trabajo pretende analizar valores asociados al autoconcepto y la realización personal en estudiantes del Grado de Educación Infantil de la Universidad Católica de Murcia (N=270). Para ello, se ha utilizado como instrumento de recogida de datos el “Cuestionario de Autoconcepto y Realización” (Domínguez, 2001). Los datos obtenidos revelan resultados positivos al analizar los niveles de autorrealización y crecimiento personal del alumnado del Grado de Educación Infantil; los aspectos mejores valorados por los estudiantes se relacionan con la sociabilidad y comunicación, respeto, colaboración e identificación, afecto, valoración positiva y ayuda. De igual modo, se obtiene puntuaciones muy favorables al cuestionar la disponibilidad del estudiante ante la tarea, motivación y evaluación de logro, planificación, precisión en la acción y evaluación del trabajo. Además, se comprueba reciprocidad entre las distintas dimensiones incluidas en el instrumento de recogida de datos. Tal análisis puede servir de interés para el desarrollo de experiencias de aprendizaje basadas en nuevas técnicas de atención consciente “mindfulness” en el Grado de Educación Infantil, pues favorece la promoción del bienestar emocional en el alumnado.
Inteligencia emocional rasgo en la formación inicial del profesorado
Authors: Molero David , Pantoja-Vallejo Antonio , Galiano-Carrión Miriam
Published: February 2017

Este estudio analiza la Inteligencia Emocional (IE) en docentes durante su formación inicial siguiendo el modelo IE rasgo, en concreto el modelo del bienestar de Bar-On (2002; 2006). Participaron 460 estudiantes (edad en años M=22.57, DT=±3.39) de la Universidad de Jaén (España) que respondieron a la escala EQ-i Short Form en su versión española (López-Zafra, Pulido-Martos y Berrios-Martos, 2014), que contempla 4 factores (Interpersonal, Adaptabilidad, Manejo del Estrés e Intrapersonal). Existen diferencias significativas (p<.05) en diversos factores en función del género, edad, grado de los participantes y nivel educativo de los mismos. Las variables consideradas en el estudio de regresión que más predicen la IE global son Manejo del Estrés, seguido de la Adaptabilidad, Intrapersonal e Interpersonal. Los resultados obtenidos son concordantes con los obtenidos en otros estudios realizados en contextos similares.
The role and importance of libraries in the modern information space
Authors: Mamina R. I. , Pirainen E. V.
Published: February 2017

The article objective is to show the library role and importance in shaping the information space. The analysis has shown that: · information space of the library fully reflects the basic properties and intrinsic characteristics of the information space, its specifics is defined by peculiarities of the library activity; · introduction of innovative technologies in the library activity has significantly diversified the scope of its servi-ces and increased its relevance in the community, at present the library is a multi-functional cultural-social institution; · libraries mission both on the level of social memory and the educational level is constantly growing. In the context of globalization and information boom electronic information carriers neither refuse nor destroy a printed book as an outdated information structure for today. They successfully coexist along with the book, complementing each other, giving readers the freedom of choice and ability to obtain information and knowledge depending on their preferences; · in the modern era of digital technologies and big data a temporary library has one more important mission provisionally called the datafication one, it is reflected in the fact that after digitizing the text, the use of technologies for big data gives an opportunity the library to reach a new level of getting and processing information; · in general, under new conditions a library as a socio-cultural institution not just strengthens its status, but also acts as an integral part of a single global information space
Siberian museums in the regional publishing landscape: traditions and new trends in the early XXI century
Authors: Troyak I. S.
Published: February 2017

The basic directions of museum publishing activity in Siberia in 2001-2015 are studied. Publications prepared by government and some private museums in the region are represented. Attention is paid to the introduction of new technologies in traditional forms of museum activity, which is implemented in particular through the production of e-publications or text placement on a museum site. It noted the lack of advertising of publications by Siberian museums that hinders their promotion to readers.
Оцінка проявів ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту та його наслідків при тривалому спостереженні (5–10–15 років)
Authors: Lebets I.S. , Zaitseva E.N. , Letyago A.V.
Published: February 2017

Актуальність. Досі ювенільний ревматоїдний артрит залишається тяжким за проявами та наслідками захворюванням, при якому інвалідизація пацієнтів може формуватися з перших років патологічного процесу. Сьогодні науковий і практичний інтерес до цього захворювання значною мірою стосується технологій застосування біологічної терапії. Однак чітке знання особливостей перебігу хвороби, своєчасне призначення адекватної традиційної терапії в значної частини осіб можуть запобігти ранній інвалідизації. Мета дослідження: дати оцінку проявам ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту на різних етапах еволюції захворювання, починаючи з дебюту, й визначити наслідки хвороби при тривалому спостереженні. Матеріали й методи. Проаналізовано еволюцію суглобової форми ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту в 117 хворих віком 2–18 років, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні протягом 2012–2015 рр. у клініці ДУ «Інститут охорони здоров’я дітей та підлітків НАМН України». Оцінка проявів захворювання проводилася на кожному році розвитку процесу. Кінцева тривалість захворювання становила 5–10–15 років. Результати. Установлено, що на тлі традиційного лікування відбувається щорічне невпинне прогресування змін у суглобах, що проявляється збільшенням кількості уражених суглобів, розвитком їх функціональної недостатності та рентгенологічних змін, мікроциркуляторними порушеннями. З перших років процесу спостерігається чітке переважання поліартритів (р < 0,01). Отримано дані, що на показники прогресування хвороби, безумовно, впливають пізнє встановлення правильного діагнозу та запізніле призначення базисних засобів (за даними спостереження, тільки 12 % хворих починають їх отримувати на завершення першого року хвороби). Висновки. На позитивні наслідки ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту впливає не тільки своєчасне призначення базисних препаратів, але й тривале (роками) їх використання. Прогресування ювенільного ревматоїдного артриту, що нерідко спостерігається на тлі мінімальної активності, потребує регулярного планового спостереження хворих і ретельного їх обстеження як клінічними, так і апаратними методами.
Нові аспекти застосування амброксолу в дитячій пульмонології: крізь призму впливу на біоплівки
Authors: Banadyga N.V.
Published: February 2017

У статті наведені аналіз ролі біоплівок у перебігу патології органів дихання, механізми формування резистентності мікроорганізмів до антибіотиків. Привертає увагу той факт, що при численних плейотропних ефектах амброксолу, які доведені в багатьох клініко-експериментальних дослідженнях, він у низькій концентрації здатний спричиняти зниження первинного прикріплення мікроорганізмів до поверхні, у більш високих концентраціях впливає на біоплівку, знижуючи продукування альгінату, що забезпечує антибіотикостійкість. Доведено вплив амброксолу на всі етапи розвитку біоплівки, який реалізовується завдяки декільком складовим: безпосередньому впливу на біоплівку, підвищенню концентрації антибактеріальних препаратів у легеневій тканині та бронхоальвеолярному секреті, антиоксидантному й протизапальному ефектам, покращанню мукоциліарного кліренсу. Комплексна лікувальна дія амброксолу суттєво розширює діапазон його застосування при пульмонологічній патології в дітей.
Энтеровірусний менінгіт: особливості перебігу та діагностики на сучасному етапі
Authors: Shostakovych-Koretskaya L.R. , Slatvitsky V.G. , Budayeva I.V. , Chykarenko Z.O. , Cherhinets L.M. , Ulianov V.O. , Lyahova O.Y.
Published: February 2017

Ентеровірусні менінгіти посiдають провідне місце в етіологічній структурі менінгітів. У роботі наведено аналіз 44 історій хвороби дітей з ентеровірусним менінгітом. Виявлено наступні особливості: серозні менінгіти ентеровірусної етіології характеризуються легким або середньотяжким перебiгом; зберігається характерна для ентеровірусної інфекції літньо-осіння сезонність. Рiвень С-реактивного бiлка є надійним рутинним критерієм у вирішенні питання про емпіричне застосування антибіотиків при ентеровірусному менінгіті. Надійним і вірогiдним способом верифікації етіологічного діагнозу ентеровірусного менінгіту є визначення РНК вірусу в лікворі (полімеразна ланцюгова реакція). У частки дітей виявлені зміни на електрокардіограмі, що дозволило запідозрити міокардит. У зв’язку з цим доцільно включити кардіообстеження (визначення МВ-фракції креатинфосфокінази, ультразвукове дослідження серця, електрокардіографія) в обов’язковий перелік досліджень при встановленні діагнозу ентеровірусної інфекції, у тому числі при ентеровірусному менінгіті. Ентеровірусний менінгіт у дітей перебігав у легкій або середньотяжкій формі без летальних кiнцiв і залишкових явищ, iз повним клінічним одужанням. Лікування обмежувалося нетривалою патогенетичною інфузійною терапією.
Антиоксидантна система респіраторного тракту. Внутрішньоклітинний антиоксидантний захист в респіраторному тракті (частина 4)
Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Volosovets A.P. , Borysova T.P.
Published: February 2017

В огляді літератури викладені сучасні дані щодо системи тіоредоксину у функціонуванні внутрішньоклітинного антиоксидантного захисту в респіраторному тракті. Детально розглянуто тіоредоксинзалежні окислювально-відновні реакції. Подано інші фізіологічні ефекти системи тіоредоксину — антиапоптотична та протизапальна дія.
Práticas avaliativas: relato de experiência no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental do Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII
Authors: Feital Andreia Alvim Bellotti , Machado Miriam Raquel Piazzi , Araujo Rita de Cássia Barros de Freitas
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho apresenta um relato das práticas avaliativas em Língua Portuguesa, desenvolvidas no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental do Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. As atividades relatadas fundamentam-se na compreensão da avaliação enquanto um processo que precisa estar ancorado na observação e no registro, a fim de que possa oferecer subsídios para orientar e reorientar a prática pedagógica, a partir das respostas que os estudantes apresentam ao trabalho mediado pelo professor
Non-bank financial companies vs. banks in the European Union: a serious regulatory asymmetry with consequences
Authors: Szustak Grażyna
Published: February 2017

This paper discusses the urgent need to regulate the parallel banking system, an issue which is growing in strength – and which is both topical and very important for the security and stability of the EU financial market. It aims to identify the roles and motives of banks in the creation and development of EU NBFCs, with particular focus on the regulatory asymmetry between them. It also analyses the currently emerging and possible future negative effects of such cooperation, including a dangerous accumulation of systemic risk.
The Greek banking system, the liquidity stress and the entrepreunal insecurity
Authors: Pitoska Electra
Published: February 2017

According to a report by the Director of the Bank of Greece, during the past few months there have been signs that the Greek economy has entered a phase of balance and that it will possibly claw its way back to viability in the next year. It seems that the Greek banking system successfully went through the crisis and now follows a course of a restructuring process. The restructures are vital in order to manage an eventual restoration of normal funding circumstances in the real economy. Despite the careful optimistic reports of the government concerning the economy, the reality of the economic and entrepreunal world is rather different. More particularly, according to the results of researches, seems that the vast majority of the enterprises are in a really bad situation. The situation of most of the Greek enterprises is bad as they face many problems, such as: liquidity, access to bank funding, difficulties and delays in entering state programs or special funding programs, reduction of their turnover and difficulties in collecting overdue debts from their customers
Fair value accounting versus historical cost accounting: a theoretical framework for judgment in financial crisis
Authors: Costa Massimo , Guzzo Giusy
Published: February 2017

Since the 2008 global economical and financial crisis, the fair value measurement has acquired a controversial position both within the accounting regulatory committees and the accounting theory. The literature generally examines two opposite central paradigms of evaluation, namely the Fair Value Accounting (FVA) and the Historical Cost Accounting (HCA). The paper, after a literature review through both these opposite sides, suggests a theoretical framework, using the basic concept of “accounting system”, for the choice between the opposite paradigms, considered noteworthy in times of crisis as it should allow to conceptualize a ‘mixed system’, combining FVA and HCA in different ways according to the different contexts and entities reported by the financial statements.
The effect of corporate governance on bank financial performance: evidence from the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Basuony Mohamed A. , Mohamed Ehab K. A. , Al-Baidhani Ahmed Mohsen
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms and control variables, such as bank size and bank age on bank financial performance. The sample of this study comprises of both conventional and Islamic banks operating in the seven Arabian Peninsula countries, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Regression analysis (OLS) is used to test the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on bank financial performance. The results of this study reveal that there is a significant relationship between corporate governance and bank profitability. Board size, board activism, number of outside directors, and bank age significantly affect Tobin’s Q. Meanwhile, ROA and PM are affected by ownership concentration, audit committee, audit committee meetings, and the age & size of the bank. The results are consistent with previous literature that the correlation between corporate governance and firm performance is still not clearly established and that impact of corporate governance on bank financial performance in developing countries is still relatively limited.
CEO characteristics and corporate turnaround: evidence from Australia
Authors: Miglani Seema
Published: February 2017

This study explores the role of strategic leadership in declining firms by empirically examining the association between various CEO characteristics such as duality, tenure, interlocking, founder status, functional background and the turnaround outcome for the firm. Using a match-pair sample of 94 turnaround and 94-non-turnaround Australian firms, results show that turnaround firms are more likely to have CEOs that are also board chairpersons, have more external board appointments and short tenures. In contrast, any significant association between a CEO’s functional background, founder status and likelihood of turnaround was not identified. Overall, the findings provide further empirical support for the role of CEOs strategic leadership in shaping organisational outcomes especially when companies are under performing.
The financing of envisaged capital investments in South Africa
Authors: Conradie Elena , Mostert Frederik J. , Mostert Jan Hendrik
Published: February 2017

The envisaging of capital investments is of prime importance for the economic growth and business development of a country, as it represents the starting point of the entire capital investment process. This paper focuses on the financing of envisaged capital investments and addresses amongst others the various sources of financing and the finance cost thereof, the related capital structure theories, as well as the determinants of the capital structure of an enterprise, which comprise of the economic and firm-specific factors. The objective of this research paper embodies the improvement of the financing decision-making when enterprises are envisaging capital investments. A literature study provided the secondary data and formed the basis of this research. To achieve the research objective, an opinion survey was done to obtain the perceptions of the business leaders in South Africa regarding the importance of the economic and firm-specific factors for the financing of envisaged capital investments, the associated problem areas as perceived by the firms, as well as the frequency of envisaging various types of capital investment projects by the respondents
The design of bonuses and its implications for investment choices
Authors: Florou Annita
Published: February 2017

n the wake of Enron and other high profile corporate scandals executive compensation has become a key strategic issue for market participants and regulators all around the world. This paper readdresses a very significant, and often controversial issue, namely the impact of managerial bonuses on corporate investment decisions. In doing so, it critically examines two related sets of hypotheses, the “fixed-target” and “ratcheting-target” hypotheses. The comparison of the above predictions reveals a contradiction, which in turn consists a subject of future empirical research.
Corporatisation of China’s state-owned enterprises and corporate governance
Authors: Chen Jean Jinghan
Published: February 2017

This paper reviews the notable Chinese State-Owned Enterprises’ (SOEs) low efficiency and shows that the agency problems with SOEs constitutes the characteristics of corporate governance - insiders’ control, soft budget constraints, managerial slack and lack of competent managers. It is this corporate governance structure that results in SOEs’ inefficiency. The paper further argues that the current corporatisation of SOEs in China through share issue does not improve corporatised SOEs’ performance because it has not effectively dealt with the agency problems associated with public ownership, and, therefore, falls short in addressing the critical issue of corporate governance. The creation of an effective corporate governance mechanism requires the development of the country’s market-oriented institutions. It is difficult to prescribe what type of governance structure China should adopt, although it is argued that for former SOEs a neo-corporatist approach with a two-tier board structure may have advantage over a neo-liberal approach with a single board. For China, the most important issue is not to find a fixed set of governance models from which to copy, but to develop institutions that are conducive to effective corporate governance.
Block investments and the race for corporate control in Belgium
Authors: Chapelle Ariane
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates the common patterns of ownership structure across different corporate governance systems. We test the predictions of Zwiebel (1995) using ownership data of Belgian listed companies in 1995 and in 1999. Results show good applicability of the model. This empirical research relates to other contributions performing tests for Hungary, Poland, and Spain. Next the model and its limitations are discussed. The paper opens promising fields for research in ownership structure modeling adapted to corporate governance systems of Continental and Eastern Europe.
The dynamics of capital market development in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tsaurai Kunofiwa , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: February 2017

This paper takes stock of the achievements, the trends, as well as the challenges facing the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The study has been motivated by the recent debate on the role of stock market development in economic growth in developing countries. Apart from highlighting the role of stock market development, as well as the efficacy of the stock market in bolstering economic growth in Zimbabwe, the study also pinpoints some of the factors that limit the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The findings of this study show that the experience of Zimbabwe with stock market development, just as in many other developing countries, is mixed. In particular, the positive influence of stock market development on savings and investment remains low in Zimbabwe. While stock market development has been increasing, the country’s gross domestic savings and investment have been low and subsiding. This suggests that Zimbabwe’s gross national savings could be stock market development inelastic.
A 2D threshold of the condylar–C1 interval to maximize identification of patients at high risk for atlantooccipital dislocation using computed tomography
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Horn Kevin P. , Ginos Jason , Brockmeyer Russell , Guan Jian , Rampton John , Brockmeyer Douglas L.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Measurement of the occipital condyle–C1 interval (CCI) is important in the evaluation of atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD) in pediatric trauma patients. The authors studied a large cohort of children with and without AOD to identify a 2D measurement threshold that maximizes the diagnostic yield of the CCI on cervical spine CT scans obtained in trauma patients.

METHODS

This retrospective, single-center study included all children who underwent CT of the cervical spine at Primary Children's Hospital from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014, for trauma evaluation. Bilateral CCI measurements in the coronal (3 measurements per side) and sagittal (4 measurements per side) planes were recorded. Using an iterative method, the authors determined optimal cutoffs for the maximal CCI in each plane in relation to AOD. The primary outcome was AOD requiring occipitocervical fusion.

RESULTS

A total of 597 pediatric patients underwent cervical spine CT for trauma evaluation: 578 patients without AOD and 19 patients with AOD requiring occipitocervical fusion. The authors found a statistically significant correlation between CCI and age (p < 0.001), with younger patients having higher CCIs. Using a 2D threshold requiring a sagittal CCI ≥ 2.5 mm and a coronal CCI ≥ 3.5 mm predicted AOD with a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 73%, positive predictive value of 10.3%, and negative predictive value of 99%. The accuracy of this 2D threshold was 84%.

CONCLUSIONS

In the present study population, age-dependent differences in the CCI were found on CT scans of the cervical spine in a large cohort of patients with and without AOD. A 2D CCI threshold as a screening method maximizes identification of patients at high risk for AOD while minimizing unnecessary imaging studies in children being evaluated for trauma.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia presenting as unilateral lower limb paralysis following lumbar spine surgery: case report
Authors: Smith Brandon W. , Joseph Jacob R. , Park Paul
Published: February 2017

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a state of thrombocytopenia with a paradoxically elevated thrombotic potential after exposure to heparin. Severe cases can present with multiorgan involvement with direct and secondary effects. Although HIT has been reported following other surgeries, to the authors’ knowledge there has not been a report of HIT after spinal surgery. The present case details the course of a patient who underwent elective lumbar surgery followed by delayed presentation of shortness of breath due to multiple pulmonary embolisms and right lower-extremity paralysis due to extensive iliofemoral clot burden with acute compartment syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous argatroban for extensive thrombosis and also required open thrombectomy and fasciotomies for treatment of compartment syndrome. Although the patient eventually experienced motor recovery, residual sensory deficits persisted at last follow-up. In this report, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of HIT are reviewed.
SEROLOGICAL PREVALENCE OF OVINE AND CAPRINE BRUCELLOSIS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Shafy N. M. , Ahmed B. S. , Sarker R. R. , Millat K. S. A. , Hasan M. T. , Bhattacharjee P. K. , Chakrabartty A. , Paul A. , Sarker M. A. S. , Truong T. , Rahman M. S.
Published: February 2017

Brucellosis is considered to be the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world. It has a serious implication on human health as well as on the economic development in a developing country like Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence and to delineate the risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in small ruminants in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. In the present study, serum samples were collected from a total of 2456 small ruminants (1710 goat and 746 sheep) from 13 upazilla of Mymensingh district. The data related to age, sex and location were also collected using a questionnaire. Serum samples were screened using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Seroprevalence of brucellosis was 9.53% in goats and 9.92% in sheep on RBT test. In goat, the highest Brucella antibody was observed in Mymensingh sadar upazilla (13%) followed by Dhobaura upazilla (12.9%). On the other hand, highest ovine Brucella antibody observed in Haluaghat upazilla (13.04%) followed by Mymensingh sadar (12.5%). The prevalence was more in adults (55.2% in goats and 57% in sheep) than young (8.6% in goat and 8.1% in sheep) and more in female goats (41.1%) and sheep (39.2%) than male goats (14.1%) and sheep (18%). ELISA test showed 33.70% (31 out of 92 RBT positive samples) positive reaction of total RBT positive reactors. The result of this study can be useful to initiate and establish a program for controlling and prevention through test and slaughter, culling of infected animal from flock and vaccination.
In Search of Financial Stability in Nigeria: From Legislation to Effective Regulation of Banks
Authors: Ojukwu-Ogba Nelson
Published: February 2017

The systemic importance of banks in any economy brings to the fore the inevitability of exploring ways of keeping banks not only strong but also within the safety level desired by depositors and financial managers. This is underscored by the invaluable and fundamental roles of these financial institutions in the maintenance of financial stability. The state of banking regulation in Nigeria, especially before the introduction of reforms in the sector, had given serious cause for concern. This observation is in light of serious illiquidity and systemic distress that was synonymous with the banking sector in Nigeria in the 1990s and even into the opening years of the twenty-first century. This article examines in detail the legal and institutional frameworks for banking regulation in Nigeria. It finds that the challenge of ineffective regulation of the banks in the country may not necessarily be associated with the dearth or non-comprehensiveness of statutes on the subject but rather borders on uncoordinated and ineffective enforcement mechanisms, coupled with policy inconsistency on the part of banking regulators. This situation engenders confusion, uncertainty and instability because prospective investors tend to be more hesitant, depositors shy away from saving with banks and banks tend to have to grapple with persistent illiquidity when the system is unpredictable. The article therefore advocates a policy shift from legislative review to effective enforcement of the existing laws regulating banks in Nigeria in order to grow these financial institutions into transparent, efficient, strong and globally competitive institutions.
Multi-Agent-Based Controller for Voltage Enhancement in AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Using Energy Storages
Authors: Khatibzadeh Ahmadali , Besmi Mohammadreza , Mahabadi Aminollah , Reza Haghifam Mahmoud
Published: February 2017

Development of renewable energies and DC loads have led microgrids toward the creation of DC networks. The predictions show that the hybrid microgrids will be used widely in the future. This article has studied the voltage stability in the presence of sources of energy storage in AC/DC hybrid networks. However, because the different dynamics of hybrid networks applying centralized and distributed controllers will be faced with different problems, in this study, a multi-agent control for the microgrid has been used. A new structure referred to here as an event-driven microgrid control management (EDMCM) has been developed to control the microgrid. This method increases response speed and accuracy of decision making. Hybrid Network Simulation results confirm the validity of the developed model.
Les bateaux du pont romain de Chalon-sur-Saône (Saône-et-Loire) : des témoins de l’évolution des techniques de construction navale au Ier s. apr. J.-C.
Authors: Lonchambon Catherine , Bonnamour Louis , Connan Jacques , Thômé Philippe , Michel Catherine
Published: February 2017

Bei den archäologischen Untersuchungen an der römischen Brücke von Chalon-sur-Saône wurden 1996 zwei Wasserfahrzeuge entdeckt, die Mitte des 1. Jh. n. Chr. am Mittelpfeiler der ersten Brücke gesunken waren. Mit 15,50 m in der Länge und einer Breite von 1,62 m entspricht das besser erhaltene Fahrzeug einem Einbaum außergewöhnlicher Größe. Das andere Wasserfahrzeug des Typs Lastkahn muss ursprünglich 14 m bis 18 m in der Länge und 2,30 m in der Breite gemessen haben, nur der untere Mittelteil ist erhalten ; Vergleiche mit anderen kürzlich in der Saône und in der Rhone entdeckten Lastkähnen gleichen Typs ermöglichen es jedoch, seine Haupteigenschaften zu rekonstruieren. Die Bedeutung dieser bis heute in Frankreich einzigartigen Funde beruht auf der Tatsache, dass nebeneinander ein Einbaum, der auf eine alte Schiffbautradition zurückgeht, und ein auf neueren Techniken basierender Lastkahn gefunden wurden. Die Einordnung des Lastkahns in die Reihe der •gallo-römischen“ Wasserfahrzeuge, und insbesondere in die von Eric Rieth definierte Untergruppe •Rhone-Saône“, ist geplant. Der Aufbau des Lastkahns, a priori ein mehrteiliges Monoxyl, und seine Herkunft werden diskutiert, darüberhinaus werden zu den Methoden, wie die beiden Schiffstypen zu bestimmen sind, Vorschläge unterbreitet.
On the Accretion Rates and Radiative Efficiencies of the Highest-redshift Quasars
Authors: Trakhtenbrot Benny , Volonteri Marta , Natarajan Priyamvada
Published: February 2017

We estimate the accretion rates onto the supermassive black holes that power 20 of the highest-redshift quasars, at

, including the quasar with the highest redshift known to date—ULAS J1120 at z = 7.09. The analysis is based on the observed (rest-frame) optical luminosities and reliable “virial” estimates of the BH masses of the quasars, and utilizes scaling relations derived from thin accretion disk theory. The mass accretion rates through the postulated disks cover a wide range,

, with most of the objects (80%) having

, confirming the Eddington-limited nature of the accretion flows. By combining our estimates of

with conservative, lower limits on the bolometric luminosities of the quasars, we investigate which alternative values of

best account for all the available data. We find that the vast majority of quasars (∼85%) can be explained with radiative efficiencies in the range

, with a median value close to the commonly assumed

 = 0.1. Within this range, we obtain conservative estimates of

for ULAS J1120 and SDSS J0100 (at z = 6.3), and of

for SDSS J1148 (at

assuming their BH masses are accurate). The implied accretion timescales are generally in the range

, suggesting that most quasars could have had

mass e-foldings since BH seed formation. Our analysis therefore demonstrates that the available luminosities and masses for the highest-redshift quasars can be explained self-consistently within the thin, radiatively efficient accretion disk paradigm. Episodes of radiatively inefficient, “super-critical” accretion may have occurred at significantly earlier epochs (i.e.,

).
ALMA [C ii] 158 μm Detection of a Redshift 7 Lensed Galaxy behind RX J1347.1−1145*
Authors: Bradač Maruša , Garcia-Appadoo Diego , Huang Kuang-Han , Vallini Livia , Finney Emily Quinn , Hoag Austin , Lemaux Brian C. , Schmidt Kasper Borello , Treu Tommaso , Carilli Chris , Dijkstra Mark , Ferrara Andrea , Fontana Adriano , Jones Tucker , Ryan Russell , Wagg Jeff , Gonzalez Anthony H.
Published: February 2017

We present the results of ALMA spectroscopic follow-up of a z = 6.766 Lyα emitting galaxy behind the cluster RX J1347.1−1145. We report the detection of [C ii] 158 μm line fully consistent with the Lyα redshift and with the peak of the optical emission. Given the magnification of μ = 5.0 ± 0.3, the intrinsic (corrected for lensing) luminosity of the [C ii] line is L
[C ii]

, roughly ∼5 times fainter than other detections of z ∼ 7 galaxies. The result indicates that low L
[C ii] in z ∼ 7 galaxies compared to the local counterparts might be caused by their low metallicities and/or feedback. The small velocity offset (

) between the Lyα and [C ii] line is unusual, and may be indicative of ionizing photons escaping.