bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of virus and Leptospira carriage in bats in France
Authors: Arnaout Youssef , Picard-Meyer Evelyne , Robardet Emmanuelle , Cappelle Julien , Cliquet Florence , Touzalin Frédéric , Jimenez Giacomo , Djelouadji Zouheira
Published: October 2023

With over 1,400 species worldwide, bats represent the second largest order of mammals after rodents, and are known to host major zoonotic pathogens. Here, we estimate the presence of pathogens in autochthonous bat populations. First, we set out to check our samples for PCR amplification efficiency by assessing the occurrence of inhibited PCR reactions from different types of bat samples with amplifying the housekeeping gene β-actin. Second, we investigated the presence of five targeted pathogens in a French bat population using PCR. We targeted viral RNA of Canine distemper virus, Alphacoronavirus, Lyssavirus, Rotavirus and bacterial Leptospira DNA. To do so, we screened for these viruses in bat faecal samples as well as in oropharyngeal swab samples. The presence of Leptospira was assessed in urine, kidney, lung and faecal samples. Results showed a frequency of inhibited reactions ranging from 5 to 60% of samples, varying according to the sample itself and also suspected to vary according to sampling method and the storage buffer solution used, demonstrating the importance of the sampling and storage on the probability of obtaining negative PCR results. For pathogen assessment, rotavirus and alphacoronavirus RNA were detected in Myotis myotis, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum bats. Rotaviruses were also detected in Barbastella barbastellus. The presence of alphacoronavirus also varied seasonally, with higher frequencies in late summer and October, suggesting that juveniles potentially play an important role in the dynamics of these viruses. Leptospira DNA was detected in M. myotis and M. daubentonii colonies. The 16S rRNA sequences obtained from Leptospira positive samples showed 100% genetic identity with L. borgpetersenii. Neither canine distemper virus nor lyssavirus RNA were detected in any of the tested samples. This study is the first to show the presence of Leptospira in autochthonous French bats in addition to coronavirus and rotavirus RNA previously reported in European autochthonous bats.
Registered report protocol: Perceptual effects of Arabic grammatical gender on occupational expectations in a gamified speech production task
Authors: Soliman Farida , Stockall Linnaea , Sharma Devyani
Published: October 2023

The default use of masculine morphology to refer to all genders in Arabic-speaking countries is largely unquestioned and widely accepted. However, research on masculine generic morphology in other gender-marked languages has shown that this can create an over-representation of men and a male-bias in perception. Given the extensive use of default masculine grammatical gender in the context of job recruitment, education, and formal communication where women are typically underrepresented and men overrepresented, this widely accepted notion needs to be investigated. The primary aim of this research is to understand how grammatical gender in Arabic mediates occupational expectations based on the language currently used in job recruitment in Arabic speaking countries. Specifically, the study explores how the use of default masculine grammatical gender can create a male-bias in perception. The secondary aim of this research is to test whether gender-inclusive language can reduce this male-bias in perception and instead increase the accessibility, activation, and retrieval of exemplars related to other gender minorities (i.e., reduce male-bias in perception). This is achieved through a novel prompted speech production experiment, based on an adaptation of the popular board game ’Taboo’ where participants are asked to describe role nouns presented (e.g.,doctorornurse) in different language conditions.
The Escherichia coli MFS-type transporter genes yhjE, ydiM, and yfcJ are required to produce an active bo3 quinol oxidase
Authors: Khalfaoui-Hassani Bahia , Blaby-Haas Crysten E. , Verissimo Andreia , Daldal Fevzi
Published: October 2023

Heme-copper oxygen reductases are membrane-bound oligomeric complexes that are integral to prokaryotic and eukaryotic aerobic respiratory chains. Biogenesis of these enzymes is complex and requires coordinated assembly of the subunits and their cofactors. Some of the components are involved in the acquisition and integration of different heme and copper (Cu) cofactors into these terminal oxygen reductases. As such, MFS-type transporters of the CalT family (e.g., CcoA) are required for Cu import and heme-CuB center biogenesis of the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidases (cbb3-Cox). However, functionally homologous Cu transporters for similar heme-Cu containing bo3-type quinol oxidases (bo3-Qox) are unknown. Despite the occurrence of multiple MFS-type transporters, orthologs of CcoA are absent in bacteria like Escherichia coli that contain bo3-Qox. In this work, we identified a subset of uncharacterized MFS transporters, based on the presence of putative metal-binding residues, as likely candidates for the missing Cu transporter. Using a genetic approach, we tested whether these transporters are involved in the biogenesis of E. coli bo3-Qox. When respiratory growth is dependent on bo3-Qox, because of deletion of the bd-type Qox enzymes, three candidate genes, yhjE, ydiM, and yfcJ, were found to be critical for E. coli growth. Radioactive metal uptake assays showed that ΔydiM has a slower 64Cu uptake, whereas ΔyhjE accumulates reduced 55Fe in the cell, while no similar uptake defect is associated with ΔycfJ. Phylogenomic analyses suggest plausible roles for the YhjE, YdiM, and YfcJ transporters, and overall findings illustrate the diverse roles that the MFS-type transporters play in cellular metal homeostasis and production of active heme-Cu oxygen reductases.
Perceptions about and reasons for participation in research bronchoscopy in Uganda: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Kaawa-Mafigiri David , Nsereko Mary , Odie Michael , Johnson John L.
Published: October 2023

This study sought to assess perceptions towards and reasons for participation in research bronchoscopy studies in a high TB burden urban setting. Additionally, the study aimed to identify areas of pre- and post-procedural concern among healthy adults approached to participate in research bronchoscopy. A cross sectional qualitative study was undertaken at the Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Collaboration Tuberculosis Research Project Clinic at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants at their pre-bronchoscopy visit (n = 17) and after they had undergone bronchoscopy (n = 23) to examine their perceptions and experiences with the procedure. Following consent, all interviews were audio recorded and later transcribed and typed in MS WORD. Local language interviews were translated into English by the social science interviewers. Qualitative analysis was performed manually following an inductive and emergent approach typical in thematic analysis. This study was approved by the Makerere University School of Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee (MAKSS REC 09.18.220) and registered with the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST SS4785). Overall willingness to participate in bronchoscopy was high as many participants viewed the study as primarily a means of getting free health checks and determining their health status. Notably, despite extensive face to face counseling for this study coupled with the fact that our participants had been involved in prior research at the site, therapeutic misconception still played a pivotal role in willingness to participate in research bronchoscopy. Therapeutic misconception has important ethical and research implications in clinical research, which requires strategies to tackle it, even among a pool of potential participants who are knowledgeable about a disease or clinical care procedures. Continuous awareness and knowledge building about the difference between being a trial participant and therapeutic misconception must become a mainstay in trials to improve the process of informed consent for future research bronchoscopy studies.
Machine learning-based spatial data development for optimizing astronomical observatory sites in Indonesia
Authors: Sakti Anjar Dimara , Zakiar Muhammad Rizky , Santoso Cokro , Windasari Nila Armelia , Jaelani Anton Timur , Damayanti Seny , Anggraini Tania Septi , Putri Anissa Dicky , Hudalah Delik , Deliar Albertus
Published: October 2023

Astronomical observatory construction plays an essential role in astronomy research, education, and tourism development worldwide. This study develops siting distribution scenarios for astronomical observatory locations in Indonesia using a suitability analysis by integrating the physical and atmospheric observatory suitability indexes, machine learning models, and long-term climate models. Subsequently, potential sites are equalized based on longitude and latitude zonal divisions considering air pollution disturbance risks. The study novelty comes from the integrated model development of physical and socio-economic factors, dynamic spatiotemporal analysis of atmospheric factors, and the consideration of equitable low air-pollution-disturbance-risk distribution in optimal country-level observatory construction scenarios. Generally, Indonesia comprises high suitability index and low multi-source air pollution risk areas, although some area has high astronomical suitability and high–medium air pollution risk. Most of Java, the east coast of Sumatra, and the west and south coasts of Kalimantan demonstrate "low astronomical suitability–high air pollution risk.” A total of eighteen locations are recommended for new observatories, of which five, one, three, four, two, and three are on Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and Papua, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive approach to determine the optimal observatory construction site to optimize the potential of astronomical activities.
Creating frames of reference for chert exploitation during the Late Pleistocene in Southwesternmost Iberia
Authors: Belmiro Joana , Terradas Xavier , Cascalheira João
Published: October 2023

Southwestern Iberia has played a key role in characterizing Late Pleistocene human ecodynamics. Among other aspects of human behavior, chert procurement and management studies in this region have received increasing attention in the past two decades, especially focusing on the sites showing repeated human occupation, such as the case of Vale Boi (Southern Portugal). However, these studies have been very limited in their geographical scope, and mostly focused on brief macroscopic descriptions of the raw materials. To further our knowledge of the relationship between regional availability of raw materials and its impact on human adaptations and mobility, a more detailed approach to characterizing geological sources is needed. This paper characterizes chert raw materials location, diversity, and availability in a geologically well-defined region of southern Portugal ‐ the Algarve. Through macroscopic and petrographic approaches, we provide a detailed characterization of geological chert sources to build a frame of reference for chert exploitation in the region. Our results show that there are four main chert formations in Algarve, and that despite the within-source variability, sufficient differences at macroscopic and petrographic levels are present to allow clear source attribution. These results provide a baseline for raw material studies in archaeological assemblages across southwestern Iberia, that will be essential to further characterize the dynamics of human behavior in some of the most important eco-cultural niches.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of the SBiP1 chaperone from Symbiodinium microadriaticum CassKB8 and light parameters that modulate its phosphorylation
Authors: Castillo-Medina Raúl Eduardo , Islas-Flores Tania , Morales-Ruiz Estefanía , Villanueva Marco A.
Published: October 2023

The coding and promoter region sequences from the BiP-like protein SBiP1 from Symbiodinium microadriaticum CassKB8 were obtained by PCR, sequenced and compared with annotated sequences. The nucleotides corresponding to the full sequence were correctly annotated and the main SBiP1 features determined at the nucleotide and amino acid level. The translated protein was organized into the typical domains of the BiP/HSP70 family including a signal peptide, a substrate- and a nucleotide-binding domain, and an ER localization sequence. Conserved motifs included a highly conserved Thr513 phosphorylation site and two ADP-ribosylation sites from eukaryotic BiP’s. Molecular modeling showed the corresponding domain regions and main exposed post-translational target sites in its three-dimensional structure, which also closely matched Homo sapiens BiP further indicating that it indeed corresponds to a BiP/HSP70 family protein. The gene promoter region showed at least eight light regulation-related sequences consistent with the molecule being highly phosphorylated in Thr under dark conditions and dephosphorylated upon light stimuli. We tested light parameter variations that could modulate the light mediated phosphorylation effect and found that SBiP1 Thr dephosphorylation was only significantly detected after 15–30 min light stimulation. Such light-induced dephosphorylation was observed even when dichlorophenyl dimethyl urea, a photosynthesis inhibitor, was also present in the cells during the light stimulation. Dephosphorylation occurred indistinctly under red, yellow, blue or the full visible light spectra. In additon, it was observed at a light intensity of as low as 1 μmole photon m-2 s-1. Our results indicate that: a) SBiP1 is a chaperone belonging to the BiP/HSP70 family proteins; b) its light-modulated phosphorylation/dephosphorylation most likely functions as an activity switch for the chaperone; c) this light-induced modulation occurs relatively slow but is highly sensitive to the full spectrum of visible light; and d) the light induced Thr dephosphorylation is independent of photosynthetic activity in these cells.
Innovation technology opportunity identification of civil aircraft mechanical connections based on generative topographic mapping
Authors: Feng Lijie , Zhang Huyi , Wang Jinfeng , Lin Kuo-Yi , Li Jinzhang
Published: October 2023

In order to advance civil aircraft manufacturing to higher levels, there is an urgent need to identify technological innovation opportunities to help new technology development. This paper first analyses the current state of the research field and determines the topic. It preprocesses papers and patents within the research topic to obtain a base database. Then, the database is analyzed using the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Analysis) cluster analysis method. The TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) algorithm processes the data to obtain critical technical words. The abstracts of patents and papers are processed to construct a binary-based vector of technical keywords. The papers and patents are visualized in a two-dimensional space technology map by generative topographic mapping (GTM) to create a technology map to identify technology blank dots. The combination of technologies characterized by each technology blank dot is obtained by GTM inverse mapping. Finally, technology opportunities with a high probability of development are identified to achieve innovation opportunity identification. It also provides countermeasures for the research institution, enterprise, sector, and industry. After research and analysis, the future in the mechanical connection technology of civil aircraft is necessary to strengthen basic technology development and improve the study of intelligence, integration, and flexibility. Technology such as sensors and lasers can improve the precision and efficiency of mechanical connections.
Evaluation of changes of apelin and apelin receptor (APJ) expression in cervix-uterus and placental axis in an LPS-induced preterm labor model
Authors: Avci Sema , Golal Ezgi , Acar Nuray
Published: October 2023

Although preterm birth is among the preventable causes of maternal and infant death, its mechanism has not yet been clarified. When evaluated in terms of the results, the psycho-social burden of mother-infant losses and the costs of rehabilitation, care, and treatment for postpartum sequelae are high. When evaluated in terms of its causes, infection/inflammation has an important place. Therefore, it is essential to understand the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins in the process. In our study, apelin and apelin receptor (APJ) expression in the cervix-uterus and placental axis were evaluated at tissue and protein levels in pregnant and non-pregnant control, sham, PBS, and LPS groups in the infection model in which LPS induction was performed by midline laparotomy, in CD-1 mice. The evaluation of this axis regarding apelin and apelin receptor in the preterm birth model is new in the literature. Apelin is expressed more intensely in uterine epithelial cells than in the cervix. In the placenta, expression is more intense in the junctional zone compared to other zones. Apelin protein levels decrease significantly in the cervix and placenta whereas it increases in the uterus. While no change was observed in the expression of the apelin receptor at the tissue and protein level in the cervix and uterus, it increased in both aspects in the placenta in the invasive procedure groups. We propose that the decrease in apelin protein due to LPS in the preterm delivery model may be related to the effort to compensate for the balance deteriorated in the pro-inflammatory direction with post-transitional modification at the tissue level. The tendency of apelin to increase with pregnancy has led to the conclusion that it is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Although the apelin receptor does not change with inflammation, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms associated with its stress and trauma-induced increase, since it increases in the invasive procedure group.
LÍMITES DEL DERECHO DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS Y EL CASO DE LOS NÓMADAS TRANSFRONTERIZOS DE LA AMAZONÍA PERUANO-BRASILEÑA
Authors: Grados Guido César Aguila
Published: October 2023

Contextualización del tema: ¿Qué situación legal tienen específicamente los “pueblos indígenas en aislamiento” y en “zona de frontera”? Esta es la pregunta principal del presente texto y, para responderla, enfocaremos nuestros esfuerzos en analizar como ejemplo la situación legal de estos grupos en la zona de frontera Perú-Brasil. Al respecto, intentaremos dar un diagnóstico sobre su situación legal. Objectivo: Ahora, debe indicarse sobre esto último, que nuestro objetivo no es proponer una regulación normativa binacional, lo cual requeriría la revisión de la situación de las poblaciones indígenas en la zona de frontera de forma directa (acercándonos a los límites de la sociología del Derecho). Nuestro objetivo en el presente artículo, por el contrario, es efectuar un diagnóstico sobre la situación de la población indígena aislada en la frontera Perú-Brasil; lo cual requiere en primer término determinar la “situación legal” que podría existir y ser aplicable a esos grupos. Metodología: para el desarrollo de esta investigación se utilizó el método inductivo, operacionalizado por las técnicas de concepto operacional de la investigación bibliográfica. Resultado: Los resultados de la investigación serán de utilidad en los próximos años, especialmente considerando que Perú y Brasil ya están abordando el tema conjuntamente y trabajando en una cooperación interinstitucional para proteger los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en situación de aislamiento y contacto inicial.
DEMOCRACIA NOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS BRASILEIROS: UM DIAGNÓSTICO
Authors: Vequi Matheus , Demarchi Clovis , Ospina Juan Felipe Orozco
Published: October 2023

Contextualização: O tema da democracia intrapartidária começa a receber atenção a partir dos estudos de Michels sobre as tendências à oligarquização em grandes associações. Por se configurar como um instrumento de participação popular, o assunto tem despertado maior atenção frente ao atual cenário de crise das instituições democráticas.

Objetivo: Analisar o estágio da democracia intrapartidária nos partidos políticos brasileiros a partir da visão conjunta de estudos que examinam a distribuição do poder interno.

Metodologia: A pesquisa se dividiu em quatro etapas, sendo a primeira delas a investigação e seleção inicial do material com base no referente estipulado. Na segunda etapa, valendo-se do Método Cartesiano, os trabalhos foram analisados e organizados em três eixos temáticos, conforme o objetivo e a problemática de cada pesquisa. A terceira etapa compreendeu a realização de cortes temporais, em virtude da necessidade de fornecer um panorama atual, e materiais, na medida em que os trabalhos foram reanalisados com base no referente e no objetivo proposto, adequando o objeto de análise a partir do método Indutivo. Na quarta etapa operou-se a reanálise das informações coletadas, a compilação dos dados e a exposição dos resultados, com base lógica indutiva.

Resultados: Mais do que uma ausência de democracia intrapartidária, é possível inferir que as agremiações institucionalizaram práticas oligárquicas que permitem a estabilidade das lideranças nos postos de comando. É possível apontar ao menos seis meios facilitadores do domínio das lideranças sobre as decisões e a estrutura da agremiação: são eles: (1) distribuição discricionária dos recursos partidários; (2) convenções partidárias esvaziadas de poder; (3) dissolução arbitrária de órgãos permanentes; (4) eleições indiretas em múltiplos níveis; (5) modelo de disputa em chapas; (6) a existência de órgãos decisórios paralelos.
New Psychiatry
Authors: Ghaemi Seyyed Nassir , Vohringer Paul
Published: October 2023

This new journal is a challenge to conventional wisdom. Contemporary psychiatry provides average clinical care in the best of circumstances, and poor care in many cases. It lives on failed theories of a past century, and pretends it is avant-garde. The profession’s system of diagnosis, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), is mostly false, and demonstrably so. Yet it is accepted and practiced worldwide as if it was proven true. The profession’s medication treatment approach is based on DSM-5 definitions, and thus is also false and weak in its effects. Yet it is accepted by government regulators and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Most psychiatric drugs only improve symptoms short-term, at best, like aspirin for a headache or ibuprofen for a fever, yet they are given and assumed to be effective long-term, though few are proven so (such as lithium) and many are disproven long-term. Its psychotherapies are eclectic, and applied more often based on the preferences of practitioners than the needs of patients.
Influence of Gas Temperature on Gaseous Products Generated by Coplanar Barrier Discharge in Air and N2/O2 Mixtures
Authors: Mazankova Věra , Trunec David , Navrátil Zdeněk , Krčma František , Zahoranová Anna
Published: October 2023

Absolute densities of gaseous products generated by coplanar dielectric barrier discharge in N2/O2 mixtures and in ambient air were determined by UV optical absorption spectroscopy (OAS). Ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO2 and N2O5) were identified as the stable products of the discharge. It was found that the actual product composition strongly depends on the gas temperature. At low input power with the low gas temperature, O3 density was high and the NO2 density was very low. When the input power increased and the gas temperature also increased, then O3 disappeared, while NO2 density started to increase steeply.
3. Amal, Berlin! Arab media, Berlin-style
Authors: Omaren Abdolrahman , Gerlach Julia
Published: October 2023

Amal, Berlin! is a news platform providing local reporting about Berlin in three languages: Arabic, Dari/Farsi and Ukrainian. The two authors of the chapter Julia Gerlach and Abdolrahman Omaren are describing their experience from their two different perspectives. Julia Gerlach is co- founder of the project. She and her sister came up with the Idea and started it in 2016. Abdolrahman Omaren is editor in chief of the Arabic section, and in the chapter, he shares his thoughts on the journalistic experiment that writing in Arabic for the exiled Arab community offers.
5. Hermeneutic Chicanery
Authors: Hegasy Sonja
Published: October 2023

In a move away from the fierce reactions in Germany against Jewish intellectuals and artists partaking in various discussions around multi-directional memory, this chapter investigates the atmosphere of witch-hunt that developed over the last years. It specifically asks how guarantees for non-repetition, an important cornerstone of West-German commemoration to prevent future persecution, play out? The author puts forward the thesis that Muslim-Jewish networks of solidarity have developed in the wake of ongoing neo-Nazi attacks. These links of solidarity have become the target of "hermeneutical chicanery" and consequential misreading.
Spurensuche. Raimund Hoghe und Joseph Beuys
Authors: Schneider Katja
Published: October 2023

Dieser Text geht einer Aufführung nach, die niemals stattfand. Für den 2. Juni 2021 programmierte das Beuys-Festival in der CityKirche Elberfeld die Performance Der Mensch ist frei von Raimund Hoghe. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt war der in Wuppertal geborene Journalist und Dramaturg, Choreograph und Performer bereits über 3 Wochen tot. Der Beitrag spekuliert über die Pläne, die Hoghe für seinen Auftritt hatte, und untersucht, welche tatsächlichen und potentiellen Bezüge es in seinem Werk zu Leben und Schaffen von Beuys gab.
Showcase Beat Le Mot: Remode Zombie Andy Beuyz — ein Geistergespräch
Authors: Skrandies Timo
Published: October 2023

Timo Skrandies dokumentiert in diesem Beitrag ein postdramatisches Geistergespräch zwischen »Andy« und »Beuyz«, das sich der Performance »Remode Zombie Andy Beuyz« von Showcase Beat Le Mot widmet. Das Gespräch wird in Erinnerung an Hans-Thies Lehmann geführt, was zur Folge hat, dass auch er - aus dem Off - zu Wort kommt.
(Re-)Aktivierungen zwischen Performance und Archiv
Authors: Reich Julia
Published: October 2023

Julia Reich widmet sich in dem Beitrag der Frage, wie das sonst oft als statisch geltende Archiv im Zusammenspiel mit Performancekunst nicht nur als Aufbewahrungsort, sondern auch als Handlungs- und Reflektionsraum verstanden werden kann, der Formen der (Re)Aktivierung zwischen Performancedokumenten, performativer Praxis und Rezeptionssituationen erlaubt. Anhand der künstlerischen Beispiele von Boris Nieslony (Schwarze Lade), Locuratolo/Moritz Riesenbeck (Performing Archive) und Anne Arndt (Bereitschaftssiedlung Bereit?) zielt der Beitrag darauf, das Archiv als einen Ort der Vernetzung, des Austauschs und des experimentellen Arbeitens für Performancekünstler_innen innerhalb eines zyklischen Erkenntnis- und Entstehungsprozesses zu greifen.
Die Covid-19-Pandemie als Zäsur für die Großregion
Authors: Weber Florian , Dittel Julia
Published: October 2023

Die Grenzschließungen, aber auch die Grenzkontrollen an den deutschen Außengrenzen stellten für die Großregion und auch für die Universität des Saarlandes zur Anfangszeit der Covid-19-Pandemie eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt Brodowski in diesem Beitrag die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für Grenzschließungen und Grenzkontrollen an Schengen-Binnengrenzen auf und kontrastiert diese mit rechtlichen Möglichkeiten zur Einrichtung von Kontrollstellen im Inland. Es zeigt sich dabei ein erhebliches Rechtsschutzdefizit dahingehend, dass die Gerichte unzureichend Entscheidungen über die Wiedereinführung von Binnengrenzkontrollen überprüfen können. Wegen der politischen Symbolik und der Missbrauchsanfälligkeit von Grenzschließungen und Grenzkontrollen stellen diese daher eine Achillesferse der Großregion dar.
Die Pandemie als Herausforderung für grenzüberschreitende Studiengänge
Authors: Funk Ines
Published: October 2023

Der Beitrag zeichnet die Situation an deutschen Hochschulen in den Pandemiejahren 2020/2021 nach und beschreibt die Lehr-, Lern- und Lebenssituation aus den unterschiedlichen Perspektiven von Hochschulleitungen, Lehrenden und Studierenden. Mit dem plötzlichen Einsetzen der Pandemie sahen sich die Akteur*innen ungewohnten Herausforderungen gegenüber. Lehre und Interaktion mussten ad-hoc neu organisiert und technische Voraussetzungen geschaffen werden. Die beteiligten Gruppen erlebten diese Situation durchaus unterschiedlich. Das zeigen die Daten einer hochschulübergreifenden Studie zur Situation an Hochschulen während der Corona-Pandemie , die hier zusammengefasst werden. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen dieser Studie stellt der Beitrag dar, welche Pfadentwicklungen für Hochschulen post Corona zu diskutieren sind und bietet Handlungsimpulse und Kriterien für eine zukünftige Hochschulentwicklung.
Introduction
Authors: Duhem Sandra
Published: October 2023

Mit der transnationalen Perspektivierung entsteht eine andere Theatergeschichte, welche die Infragestellung von Narrativen bisheriger national orientierter Theatergeschichtsschreibungen und eine Dezentrierung ermöglicht. Im Beitrag wird u.a. auf die Uraufführung von Aimé Césaires Stück La Tragédie du Roi Christophe im Jahre 1964 in Salzburg und auf die Rezeption des Werks Heiner Müllers in Frankreich eingegangen. Untersucht werden nicht nur die Verstrickungen zwischen nationalen und transnationalen Prozessen, sondern auch der besondere Blick auf die Theaterkunst, der daraus entsteht: In den Vordergrund rückt eine Auffassung des Theaters als dynamisches und entgrenztes Netzwerk, d.h. als transnationale und transdisziplinäre Konstellation von Personen, Praktiken und Materialitäten.
Before Sound
Authors: Manca Tiziano
Published: October 2023

In Before Sound, composer Tiziano Manca investigates the premises for and consequences of a major change in his compositional practice: this change emphasizes the temporality of sound and, more recently, the relationship between sounding body and musician. It calls into question the traditional conception of composition and its relation to sound material. Accordingly, Manca examines the theoretical and aesthetic reasons for this shift by interweaving aesthetic reflection on his work with historical research on the notion of musical material and the theory of sound production.
Trinken, Vergnügen, Elternzeit
Authors: Rudolph Pia
Published: October 2023

Die im Beitrag beschriebenen Handschriften und Drucke des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts beinhalten genrehafte Szenen ohne direkten Vorbildcharakter fur die Genremalerei. Es handelt sich um profane, medizinische Darstellungen, die den Alltag und die Gesundheit der Rezipienten betreffen. Die Kenntnis der Texte, fur die diese Bilder geschaffen wurden, ermöglicht eine breitere Lesart fur Genrebilder, die in der Regel auf Illustrationen im sakralen Umfeld zuruckgefuhrt werden.
Salvaging Buildings
Authors: Ceritoglu Erdogan Onur
Published: October 2023

For at least two decades, major cities in Turkey have been subjected to endless waves of urban development that has left scores of building demolitions in its wake. The construction waste produced is immense but its removal or abatement is completely ignored by the state. Who will deal with all this waste? Enter the reclaimers (çkmacs), an informal network of building salvagers, who have stepped in to create a new form of assemblage that fills this gap. Erdogan Onur Ceritoglu makes an in-depth ethnographic study of the under-the-radar livelihood of the reclaimers long-term. He also focuses on incremental architecture through the reuse of second-hand building elements.
DDR im Museum
Authors: Genten Julian
Published: October 2023

Wie und warum besuchen Menschen Ausstellungen über die DDR? Anhand qualitativer Interviews mit Besucher*innen von fünf ausgewählten DDR-Museen beleuchtet Julian Genten Praktiken des Museumsbesuchs. Er argumentiert für eine Verankerung qualitativer Forschungsansätze in der Besucher*innenforschung und unternimmt eine Verzahnung von Ausstellungs- und Rezeptionsanalyse, um Prozesse der musealen Bedeutungsproduktion machtkritisch zu beschreiben. Dabei zeigt sich, wie prägend die eigene Lebenswelt, Erinnerungen und soziale Faktoren für die Ausstellungsrezeption sind - und wie beschränkt der Einfluss des Museums auf die Sinnbildungsprozesse seiner Besucher*innen ist. Kurz gesagt: Menschen erzählen sich in Ausstellungen ihre eigenen Geschichten.
Gehirn und menschliche Natur
Authors: Winterhalder Martin
Published: October 2023

Welchen gesellschaftlichen Anspruch hat die Wissenschaft? Martin Winterhalder zeigt, dass in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen »ganzheitlichen« und »mechanistischen« Sichtweisen in den Lebenswissenschaften im frühen 20. Jahrhundert nicht nur theoretische Grundannahmen gegeneinanderstanden. Er erklärt anhand der neuropsychologischen Forschungen von Kurt Goldstein aus dem ersten und Cécile und Oskar Vogt aus dem zweiten Lager, wie die Wahl spezifischer Forschungsobjekte und Methoden zu gegensätzlichen Schlussfolgerungen - etwa zur »Natur des Menschen« - führte. Die daran geknüpfte Frage nach der sozialen Autorität der Wissenschaft führt dabei an die Grenzen sowohl relativistischer als auch rationalistischer Wissenschaftstheorie.
Tanz und kulturelle Bildung erforschen
Authors: Hardt Yvonne
Published: October 2023

Tanz als körperlich-sinnliche Praxis boomt im Kontext kultureller Bildung: Neben Formaten wie Tanz in Schulen und Community Dance entstehen in informellen Settings und sozialen Medien immer neue Vermittlungsweisen. Doch wie lassen sich diese erforschen? Yvonne Hardt bietet anhand eines an zahlreichen Beispielen erläuterten Fragenkatalogs eine innovative Einführung in die Erforschung von Tanz und verbindet Praxeologie, Historiographie und Diskursanalyse. Anhand von Kategorien wie Bewegung, Aneignung, Irritation, Scheitern, Teilhabe u.a. schlüsselt sie das Feld kultureller Bildung und Tanz in seiner Komplexität auf - und fördert zugleich methodische Reflexionen über den Tanz hinaus.
Inneres Erleben erzählen
Authors: Box Marijke
Published: October 2023

In der Hochphase der Neuen Sachlichkeit beginnen Mela Hartwig und Irmgard Keun ihre schriftstellerischen Karrieren. Sie setzen den Nüchternheitsdevisen ihrer männlichen Kollegen die Darstellung eines weiblich konnotierten inneren Erlebens entgegen und erzählen von den Grenzzuständen ihrer Protagonistinnen. Marijke Box geht anhand exemplarischer Lektüren den Kontinuitäts- und Transformationslinien der Prosa beider Autorinnen von der Weimarer Republik bis zum Exil und in die frühe Nachkriegszeit nach. Dabei interpretiert sie die Texte hinsichtlich ihrer Wechselwirkungen mit den historisch-gesellschaftlichen Umständen und stellt die sozialen Dimensionen des Erlebens und Erzählens heraus.
Afrikanische Dinge in der deutschsprachigen Literatur
Authors: Kpao Sarè Constant
Published: October 2023

Westlich-europäische prokolonialistische Dinge waren schon früh Teil einer Modellierung durch die deutschsprachige Literatur. Constant Kpao Sarè widmet sich afrikanischen Dingen wie zum Beispiel Tempeln, Pyramiden, Kopfschädeln oder Kaffee und deren (post-)kolonialem Potential in der Literatur. Dabei verfolgt er die Entwicklungen der gegenwärtigen deutschsprachigen Afrika-Literatur bis in den kritischen Realismus zurück und zeigt: Literarische Dinge entfalten, offensichtlich zügiger als die Mimikry des kolonisierten Menschen selbst, ein subversives Potential und operieren interkulturell. Es gelingt ihnen so, den Geltungsanspruch kolonialer Asymmetrien ästhetisch zu suspendieren und zu einem symbolischen »Verstehen« einzuladen.
ILLUMINATION SYSTEM FOR SUB-DIFFRACTION RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Asselborn S.A. , Zatsepin E.S. , Isakov D.S. , Gerasimov A.M. , Pikhulya D.G. , Miklyaev Yu.V.
Published: October 2023

Illumination scheme for superresolution microscopy is developed. The scheme accomplishes dark filed illumination with a laser light source including spatial coherence suppression. The scheme allows to observe nanoparticles with a size smaller than 50 nm. This is necessary to get higher resolution in the previously proposed method of superresolution microscopy (Near field Optical Random Microscopy – NORM). This method is based on real-time video processing of a nanoparticles Brownian motion those are located near the object surface. The method of vertical coordinate measurement is demonstrated. This method is based on astigmatic nanoparticle imaging. Three-dimensional distributions of suspended nanoparticles are obtained. Vertical resolution better than 200 nm and lateral resolution better than 100 nm are demonstrated.
HOMER optimization of standalone PV/Wind/Battery powered hydrogen refueling stations located at twenty selected French cities
Authors: Oueslati Fakher
Published: October 2023

The current study proposes a model of autonomous Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRFS) installed on different sites in twenty French cities powered by renewable clean energy sources. The station is fully powered by photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines with battery storage and involving an electrolyzer and hydrogen tank for producing and storing hydrogen. Using Homer simulation, three scenarios are investigated to propose an optimized model, namely Scenario 1 containing (PV-Wind-Battery) system, Scenario 2 with (Wind-Battery) technologies and Scenario 3 with (PV-Battery) components. The otimization process executed demonstrates very competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) especially for the third scenario solely based on PV power with LCOE in range $0.354-0.435/kWh and a LCOH varying within $13.5-16.5/kg, for all 20 cities. An average net present cost (NPC) value of $ 1,561,429 and $ 2,522,727 are predicted for the first and second architectures while least net present cost of $1,038,117 is estimated for the third combination solely based on solar power according to all sites considered. For instance, minimum values are obtained for Marseille city with LCOE=$ 0.354/kWh and a LCOH=$ 13.5 /kg in conformity with the minimum obtained value of NPC value of $886,464 with respect to the winner third scenario. In addition, more costly hydrogen production is expected for Grenoble city especially for scenario 1 and 2 where wind turbine technology is introduced. On another hand, thorough analysis of PV/wind hydrogen techno-economic operation is provided including improvements recommendations, scenarios comparison and environmental impact discussion.
Approaches to predicting life expectancy in elderly coronary artery disease patients with comorbid conditions
Authors: Asanov E. O. , Voinarovska G. P. , Dyba I. A.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to develop a model for predicting the probability of survival up to 80 years of age for elderly and senile patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and concomitant conditions.
Materials and methods. A retrospective data analysis of elderly and senile CAD patients who were observed in the period 1997–2019 and died from a cardiovascular event.
Results. Using binary logistic regression analysis, a model of the survival probability up to 80 years in CAD patients with comorbid conditions has been developed. The overall accuracy of the model was 83.12 % (χ2 = 6.70, p < 0.05), and the predictive accuracy of the model (AUC = 0.853, 95 % CI 0.802–0.896) was sufficiently high and adequate to use in clinical practice. Odds ratio has shown a greater contribution of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus to reduced probabilities of surviving to the age of 80, a less significant contribution – of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dyslipidemia.
Conclusions. The developed model for predicting the survival probability up to 80 years for older age group patients with coronary artery disease and comorbid conditions can be used to evaluate the effectiveness and correct medical and preventive measures.
Difficulties in diagnosing antibiotic-associated diarrhea using a clinical case example
Authors: Kryvenko V. I. , Kachan I. S. , Fedorova O. P. , Kechejieva A. V. , Pachomova S. P.
Published: October 2023

Aim. To identify challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with intestinal damage due to long-term use of antibiotics.
Material and methods. The case of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in a 65-year-old patient is described and analyzed.
Results. The patient with a combined pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and cancer of the sigmoid colon developed a complication after a splenectomy – antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The clinical picture of diarrhea was complicated by the development of pseudomembranous colitis, which was masked by a leukemoid reaction and a septic process. The patient with the relapsing disease course developed multiple organ failure that resulted in a lethal outcome.
Conclusions. Diarrhea associated with Clostridia difficile caused the development of pseudomembranous colitis. At the same time, the clinical picture of the disease had a mask of a leukemoid reaction and a septic process.
Dynamics of changes in the velocity of ultrasound propagation in the bone tissue of premature children according to the data of ultrasound densitometry
Authors: Tsymbal A. Yu. , Kotlova Yu. V.
Published: October 2023

All premature babies lack the intrauterine phase of active mineralization of the bones, osteogenesis changes, speed of ultrasound propagation in bone tissue changes.
Aim. The purpose of the article was to determine osteopenia in premature babies (PB) based on ultrasound densitometry at birth and during the period of intensive care.
Materials and methods. 70 premature babies and 20 full-term newborns were studied. The authors determined the bone ultrasound speed (SOS, m/s) and its comparative evaluation (Z-score) with the representative base of the ultrasound sonometer “Sunlight Omnisense 9000” (Israel). SOS was defined as average at Z ≥-1.0 SD, as low – at Z from -1.1 to -2.0 SD, and as significantly low – Z ≤- 2.0 SD.
Results. 54.3 % of PB had osteopenia at birth: low indicators in 28.6 %, significantly low in 25.7 %. Postnatally, an increase in bone tissue deficiency of PB was observed – osteopenia with a low Z was diagnosed in 41.1 %, with a significantly low – in 37.5 % of PB.
Conclusions. The number of PB with osteopenia increased 1.4 times, during the first 4 weeks of life. An increase in bone tissue deficiency was most often (p < 0.05) observed among children (52.0 %) with normal / average Z-score SOS indicators. Z-score SOS indicators in children with osteopenia were stable during the first month of life. The odds ratio of having osteopenia were 3.37 times higher for those born in GA of 33 weeks or less (OR = 3.37; CI 95 % [1.25, 9.09], p < 0.05), and 7.50 times higher odds of having significantly low Z-scores (OR = 7.50; CI 95 % [1.60, 34.59], p < 0.05), ), and 8.15 times higher odds of having significantly low Z-scores after 1 month of life (OR = 8.15; CI 95 % [2.23; 29.70], р < 0.05), than in children with greater GA. Indicators of physical development of premature newborns do not allow assessing the state of bone mineral velocity and require dynamic ultrasonic densitometry, despite the presence of correlations of SOS with indicators of the mass or length of infants depending on the gestational timing of birth.
The assessment of the depressive states severity and their relationship with concomitant type 2 diabetes and obesity in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin
Authors: Borovyk K. M. , Ryndina N. H. , Kadykova O. I. , Kravchun P. H.
Published: October 2023

The aim is to assess the prevalence and expressiveness of depressive disorders in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of the ischemic origin, depending on the presence of concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and their combined course, as well as to assess the influence of existing metabolic disorders on the development of depression in individuals of this cohort.
Materials and methods. The study included 154 patients with CHF of ischemic origin. Group 1 included patients with CHF with coronary heart disease (CHD), T2DM and obesity (n = 42). The second group consisted of patients with CHF on the background of CHD with concomitant T2DM (n = 46), and the third group – with concomitant obesity (n = 36).
The comparison group was formed from patients who had signs of CHF of ischemic origin without metabolic disorders (n = 30). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the presence and nature of depressive disorders.
Results. In patients with isolated CHF of ischemic origin, depression was found in 60 % of cases, according to BDI. In the second group depression was manifested in 80.6 % of cases, and in the third group – in 91.3 % of cases. 95.2 % of patients of the first group had depressive disorders. The average value of scores in patients of the first group significantly exceeded that of the patients of the fourth group by almost two times.
Comparing the scores of patients of the second and third groups with the fourth group determined their increase by 57 % and 36 %, respectively. It was established that in patients with CHF of ischemic origin against the background of the combined course of T2DM, mild depression was found in 1/3 of patients, a quarter of patients had manifestations of moderate depression, 9.5 % of patients had severe depression and 4.8 % of people in this group had symptoms of mild depression.
Conclusions. The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of depression in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin. The combined course of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity is a risk factor for the development of depression and its progression to a marked/severe form.