bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 1939 Option Agreement and the ‘Consistent Ambivalence’ of Fascist Policies towards Minorities in the Italian New Provinces
Authors: Dalle Mulle Emmanuel , Ambrosino Alessandro
Published: May 2023

The 1939 Option Agreement between Italy and Germany concerning South Tyrol was the first population transfer agreement in western European history. Its analysis offers a unique opportunity to shift the focus of the historiography on interwar minority questions from eastern to western Europe, thus challenging the lingering view of eastern Europe as a land of endemic ethnic heterogeneity and conflict. Furthermore, the 1939 Option illuminates a form of ‘consistent ambivalence’ that problematizes dominant analytical frameworks concerning the management of ethnic differences. Italian fascists consistently affirmed the inevitable assimilation, and therefore inclusion, of minorities within the Italian nation, but they also deeply distrusted them. As this ambivalent attitude reached a climax in the 1939 Option, in order to understand fascist behaviour during the implementation of the agreement we need to consider the longer history of fascist attempts to homogenize the new provinces. Three features structured these attempts: a belief that the assimilation of these minorities would be inevitable; the absence of means to carry out radical solutions; and a deep-seated distrust of the minorities. Fascist policy during the Option was simultaneously more ambivalent than the current historiography suggests and more consistent with the regime's interwar homogenization policies.
Chief Justice Selection Rules and Judicial Ideology
Authors: Wilhelm Teena , Vining Richard L. , Hughes David
Published: May 2023

We examine how institutional selection procedures affect the ideology of state supreme court chief justices. We argue that institutional selection methods empower those charged with choosing chief justices to select court leaders who reflect their own preferences, and we test this theory using data from all 50 American states from 1970 to 2017. Our results show that states that use popular elections to select chief justices tend to produce court leaders whose preferences reflect the electorate, and states that use commission-assisted elite appointment tend to produce chief justices whose preferences mirror those of political elites. While we find that peer election systems produce leaders with preferences similar to median court preferences, court preferences are also associated with other methods of chief justice selection.
Remote Sensing Small Explosives With an Ionospheric Radar
Authors: Obenberger K. S. , Dugick F. K. Dannemann , Bowman D. C.
Published: May 2023

Earth's ionosphere has long been targeted as a medium for remote sensing of explosive terrestrial events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and nuclear/conventional weapon detonations. Until now, the only confirmed ionospheric detections have been of very large events that were easily detectable through other traditional global sensor systems (e.g., seismic). We present the first clear, confirmed detections of relatively low yield 1‐ton TNT‐equivalent chemical explosions using pulsed Doppler radar observations of isodensity layers in the ionospheric E region. The shape and spectra of the detected waveforms closely match predictions from the acoustic ray tracing and weakly nonlinear waveform propagation models. The explosions were roughly three orders of magnitude lower yield than any previous confirmed ionospheric detection and represent the first conclusive evidence that explosions of this size can have clear impacts on the ionosphere. This technique could improve the remote detection of both anthropogenic and natural explosive events.
How Fast or How Many? Sources of Intermittent Sediment Transport
Authors: Benavides Santiago J. , Deal Eric , Venditti Jeremy G. , Bradley Ryan , Zhang Qiong , Kamrin Ken , Perron J. Taylor
Published: May 2023

Near the threshold of grain motion, sediment transport is “on‐off” intermittent, characterized by large but rare bursts separated by long periods of low transport. Without models that can account for the effects of intermittency, measurements of average sediment flux can be in error by up to an order of magnitude. Despite its known presence and impact, it is not clear whether on‐off intermittency arises from the grain activity (the number of moving grains) or grain velocities, which together determine the sediment flux. We use laboratory flume experiments to show that the on‐off intermittency has its origins in the velocity distributions of grains that move by rolling along the bed, whereas grain activity is not on‐off intermittent. Incorporating the types of intermittency we identify into stochastic models of sediment transport could yield improved predictions of sediment flux, including physically based estimates of the uncertainty in time‐averaged sediment flux.
Seismic Constraints on Damage Growth Within an Unstable Hanging Glacier
Authors: Chmiel Małgorzata , Walter Fabian , Pralong Antoine , Preiswerk Lukas , Funk Martin , Meier Lorenz , Brenguier Florent
Published: May 2023

Forecasting hanging glacier instabilities remain challenging as sensing technology focusing on the ice surface fails to detect englacial damage leading to large‐scale failure. Here, we combine icequake cluster analysis with coda wave interferometry constraining damage growth on Switzerland's Eiger hanging glacier before a 15,000 m3 break‐off event. The method focuses on icequake migration within clusters rather than previously proposed “event counting.” Results show that one cluster originated from the glacier front and migrated by 13.9(±1.2) m within 5 weeks before the break‐off event. The corresponding crevasse extension separates unstable and stable ice masses. We use the measured source displacement for damage parametrization and find a 90% agreement between an analytical model based on damage mechanics and frontal flow velocities measured with an interferometric radar. Our analysis provides observational constraints for damage growth, which to date is primarily a theoretical concept for modeling englacial fractures.
A Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium Model for Preferential Infiltration and Refreezing of Melt in Snow
Authors: Moure Adrian , Jones Nathan , Pawlak Joshua , Meyer Colin , Fu Xiaojing
Published: May 2023

The transport of meltwater through porous snow is a fundamental process in hydrology that remains poorly understood but essential for more robust predictions of how the cryosphere will respond under climate change. Here, we propose a continuum model that resolves the nonlinear coupling of preferential melt flow and the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of ice‐melt phase change at the Darcy scale. We assume that the commonly observed unstable melt infiltration is due to the gravity fingering instability and capture it using the modified Richards equation, which is extended with a higher‐order term in saturation. Our model accounts for changes in porosity and the thermal budget of the snowpack caused by melt refreezing at the continuum scale, based on a mechanistic estimate of the ice‐water phase change kinetics formulated at the pore scale. We validate the model in 1D against field data and laboratory experiments of infiltration in snow and find generally good agreement. Compared to existing theory of stable melt infiltration, our 2D simulation results show that preferential infiltration delivers melt faster to deeper depths, and as a result, changes in porosity and temperature can occur at deeper parts of the snow. The simulations also capture the formation of vertical low porosity annulus known as ice pipes, which have been observed in the field but lack mechanistic understanding to date. Our results demonstrate how melt refreezing and unstable infiltration reshape the porosity structure of snow and impacts thermal and mass transport in highly nonlinear ways that are not captured by simpler models.
School achievement in adolescence and the risk of mental disorders in early adulthood: a Finnish nationwide register study
Authors: Weckström Tarja , Elovainio Marko , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Suokas Kimmo , Komulainen Kaisla , Mullola Sari , Böckerman Petri , Hakulinen Christian
Published: May 2023

School grades in adolescence have been linked to later psychiatric outcomes, but large-scale nationwide studies across the spectrum of mental disorders are scarce. In the present study, we examined the risk of a wide array of mental disorders in adulthood, as well as the risk of comorbidity, associated with school achievement in adolescence. We used population-based cohort data comprising all individuals born in Finland over the period 1980–2000 (N = 1,070,880) who were followed from age 15 or 16 until a diagnosis of mental disorder, emigration, death, or December 2017, whichever came first. Final grade average from comprehensive school was the exposure, and the first diagnosed mental disorder in a secondary healthcare setting was the outcome. The risks were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models, stratified Cox proportional hazard models within strata of full-siblings, and multinomial regression models. The cumulative incidence of mental disorders was estimated using competing risks regression. Better school achievement was associated with a smaller risk of all subsequent mental disorders and comorbidity, except for eating disorders, where better school achievement was associated with a higher risk. The largest associations were observed between school achievement and substance use disorders. Overall, individuals with school achievement more than two standard deviations below average had an absolute risk of 39.6% of a later mental disorder diagnosis. By contrast, for individuals with school achievement more than two standard deviations above average, the absolute risk of a later mental disorder diagnosis was 15.7%. The results show that the largest mental health burden accumulates among those with the poorest school achievement in adolescence.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of NAA10-related neurodevelopmental syndrome and NAA15-related neurodevelopmental syndrome
Authors: Lyon Gholson J. , Vedaie Marall , Beisheim Travis , Park Agnes , Marchi Elaine , Gottlieb Leah , Hsieh Tzung-Chien , Klinkhammer Hannah , Sandomirsky Katherine , Cheng Hanyin , Starr Lois J. , Preddy Isabelle , Tseng Marcellus , Li Quan , Hu Yu , Wang Kai , Carvalho Ana , Martinez Francisco , Caro-Llopis Alfonso , Gavin Maureen , Amble Karen , Krawitz Peter , Marmorstein Ronen , Herr-Israel Ellen
Published: May 2023

Amino-terminal (Nt-) acetylation (NTA) is a common protein modification, affecting 80% of cytosolic proteins in humans. The human essential gene, NAA10, encodes for the enzyme NAA10, which is the catalytic subunit in the N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex, also including the accessory protein, NAA15. The full spectrum of human genetic variation in this pathway is currently unknown. Here we reveal the genetic landscape of variation in NAA10 and NAA15 in humans. Through a genotype-first approach, one clinician interviewed the parents of 56 individuals with NAA10 variants and 19 individuals with NAA15 variants, which were added to all known cases (N = 106 for NAA10 and N = 66 for NAA15). Although there is clinical overlap between the two syndromes, functional assessment demonstrates that the overall level of functioning for the probands with NAA10 variants is significantly lower than the probands with NAA15 variants. The phenotypic spectrum includes variable levels of intellectual disability, delayed milestones, autism spectrum disorder, craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac anomalies, seizures, and visual abnormalities (including cortical visual impairment and microphthalmia). One female with the p.Arg83Cys variant and one female with an NAA15 frameshift variant both have microphthalmia. The frameshift variants located toward the C-terminal end of NAA10 have much less impact on overall functioning, whereas the females with the p.Arg83Cys missense in NAA10 have substantial impairment. The overall data are consistent with a phenotypic spectrum for these alleles, involving multiple organ systems, thus revealing the widespread effect of alterations of the NTA pathway in humans.
Average paraxial power of a lens and visual acuity
Authors: Kaye Stephen B. , Surti Jamila , Wolffsohn James S.
Published: May 2023

To provide a solution for average paraxial lens power (ApP) of a lens. Orthogonal and oblique sections through a lens of power $$F$$
F
were reduced to a paraxial representation of lens power followed by integration. Visual acuity was measured using lenses of different powers (cylinders of − 1.0 and − 2.0D) and axes, mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of S + C/2, ApP and a toric correction, with the order of correction randomised. A digital screen at 6 m was used on which a Landolt C with crowding bars was displayed for 0.3 s before vanishing. The general equation for a symmetrical lens of refractive index (n), radius of curvature R, in medium of refractive index n1, through orthogonal ($$\theta$$
θ
) and oblique meridians ($$\gamma$$
γ
) as a function of the angle of incidence ($$\alpha$$
α
) reduces for paraxial rays ($$\alpha \sim 0$$

α
∼
0

) to $$F_{n,R} \left( {\alpha ,\theta ,\gamma } \right)\left. \right|_{\alpha \sim 0} = \frac{{n - n_{1} }}{R}\cos^{2} \theta \cos^{2} \gamma$$

F

n
,
R

α
,
θ
,
γ

α
∼
0

=

n
-

n
1

R

cos
2

θ

cos
2

γ

. The average of this function is $$F_{n,R} \left( {\alpha ,\theta ,\gamma } \right)\left. \right|_{\alpha \sim 0} = \frac{{n - n_{1} }}{4R} $$

F

n
,
R

α
,
θ
,
γ

α
∼
0

=

n
-

n
1

4
R

providing a solution of $$\frac{F}{4}$$

F
4

for ApP.For central (p = 0.04), but not peripheral (p = 0.17) viewing, correction with ApP was associated with better visual acuity than a MSE across all tested refractive errors (p = 0.04). These findings suggest that $$\frac{F}{4}$$

F
4

may be a more inclusive representation of the average paraxial power of a cylindrical lens than the MSE.
In-vehicle wireless driver breath alcohol detection system using a microheater integrated gas sensor based on Sn-doped CuO nanostructures
Authors: Ansari Hamid Reza , Kordrostami Zoheir , Mirzaei Ali
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we have developed an in-vehicle wireless driver breath alcohol detection (IDBAD) system based on Sn-doped CuO nanostructures. When the proposed system detects the ethanol trace in the driver`s exhaled breath, it can alarm and then prevents the car to be started and also sends the location of the car to the mobile phone. The sensor used in this system is a two-sided micro-heater integrated resistive ethanol gas sensor fabricated based on Sn-doped CuO nanostructures. Pristine and Sn-doped CuO nanostructures were synthesized as the sensing materials. The micro-heater is calibrated to provide the desired temperature by applying voltage. The results showed that by Sn-doping in CuO nanostructures, the sensor performance can be significantly improved. The proposed gas sensor has a fast response, good repeatability along with good selectivity that makes it suitable for being used in practical applications such as the proposed system.
Metabolic profile of complete spinal cord injury in pons and cerebellum: A 3T 1H MRS study
Authors: Richter Johannes K. , Vallesi Vanessa , Zölch Niklaus , Chan Kimberly L. , Hunkeler Nadine , Abramovic Mihael , Hashagen Claus , Christiaanse Ernst , Shetty Ganesh , Verma Rajeev K. , Berger Markus F. , Frotzler Angela , Eisenlohr Heidrun , Eriks Hoogland Inge , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Wyss Patrik O.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this exploratory study was the assessment of the metabolic profiles of persons with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in three region-of-interests (pons, cerebellar vermis, and cerebellar hemisphere), with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their correlations to clinical scores. Group differences and association between metabolic and clinical scores were examined. Fifteen people with chronic SCI (cSCI), five people with subacute SCI (sSCI) and fourteen healthy controls were included. Group comparison between cSCI and HC showed lower total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA) in the pons (p = 0.04) and higher glutathione (GSH) in the cerebellar vermis (p = 0.02). Choline levels in the cerebellar hemisphere were different between cSCI and HC (p = 0.02) and sSCI and HC (p = 0.02). A correlation was reported for choline containing compounds (tCho) to clinical scores in the pons (rho = − 0.55, p = 0.01). tNAA to total creatine (tNAA/tCr ratio) correlated to clinical scores in the cerebellar vermis (rho = 0.61, p = 0.004) and GSH correlated to the independence score in the cerebellar hemisphere (rho = 0.56, p = 0.01). The correlation of tNAA, tCr, tCho and GSH to clinical scores might be indicators on how well the CNS copes with the post-traumatic remodeling and might be further examined as outcome markers.
Investigation of the stent induced deformation on hemodynamic of internal carotid aneurysms by computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Salavatidezfouli Sajad , Alizadeh As’ad , Barzegar Gerdroodbary M. , Sabernaeemi Amir , Abazari Amir Musa , Sheidani Armin
Published: May 2023

Application of the stent for treatment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms has been extensively increased in recent decades. In the present work, stent-induced deformations of the parent vessel of ICA aneurysms are fully investigated. This study tries to visualize blood stream and calculated hemodynamic factors inside the four ICA aneurysms after deformations of parent vessel. For the simulation of the non-Newtonian blood stream, computational fluid dynamic is applied with one-way Fluid–Solid interaction (FSI) approach. Four ICA aneurysms with different ostium sizes and neck vessel angle are selected for this investigation. Wall shear stress on wall of aneurysm is analyzed in two angles of deformation due to application of the stent. Blood flow investigation shows that the deformation of the aneurysm limited blood entrance to the sac region and this decreases the blood velocity and consequently oscillatory shear index (OSI) on the sac wall. It is also observed that the stent-induced deformation is more effective on those cases with extraordinary OSI values on aneurysm wall.
Simultaneous quantification of serum albumin and gamma globulin using Zn(ii)-metallosurfactant via a coffee ring pattern
Authors: Aastha  , Priyanka  , Maiti Subhabrata
Published: May 2023

A coffee ring pattern-based sensor for simultaneous detection of serum albumin and gamma globulin based on their differential aggregate forming propensity with Zn(ii)-metallosurfactant has been demonstrated.
N-Methylpyrrolidone assisted tetrachlorobenzoquinone intercalating V2O5as cathode for aqueous zinc-ion battery
Authors: Xia Yuanhao , Wang Xinlei , Zhou Jie
Published: May 2023

Vanadium oxide (V2O5) is intercalated by tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCB) through a one-step solvothermal method usingN-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)/water solvent.
Stress and light sensitive dual-mechanical property of acylhydrazone crystal
Authors: Manoharan Deepak , Ahmad Shamim , Emmerling Franziska , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Ghosh Soumyajit
Published: May 2023

Long acicular crystals derived from 4-bromobenzhydrazide and 9-anthraldehyde exhibit both stress-induced mechanical bending and blue-light-induced photomechanical bending.
Oxygen separation diffusion-bubbling membranes
Authors: Belousov Valery V.
Published: May 2023

Oxygen transport membranes are considered important devices in future separation processes associated with energy, environmental, and biomedicine.
Controlling the repair mechanisms of oxetanes through functional group substitution
Authors: Shen Yan , Zhang Shaoqin , Su Yingli , Qu Zexing , Ren Haisheng
Published: May 2023

Intersystem crossing (ISC) plays a key role in the photolysis processes of oxetanes formed by benzophenone (BP)-like and thymine structures.
Highly photo- and triboluminescent lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers based on diphosphine dioxides containing azaheterocyclic linkers
Authors: Bryleva Yuliya A. , Komarov Vladislav Yu. , Glinskaya Ludmila A. , Artem'ev Alexander V. , Davydova Maria P. , Rakhmanova Mariana I. , Samsonenko Denis G.
Published: May 2023

Six thermostable one-dimensional Eu3+ and Tb3+ coordination polymers constructed from diphosphine dioxides bearing azaheterocyclic linkers show bright photo- and triboluminescence.
Based on a comparison of life-cycle carbon and pollution emissions of fuel-fired light-duty vehicles and new energy vehicles and an analysis of the influencing factors
Authors: Guan Wei
Published: May 2023

Using the GREET model and the WTW system, compare and analyse the carbon emissions of fuel-light vehicles (E10, liquefied natural gas) and new energy vehicles (pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, liquefied hydrogen energy) during the entire life cycle of automobiles and pollutant emissions and compare the carbon emissions of plug-in hybrid vehicles under different power structures. The conclusions of the emissions of the two models, the number of emission factors, the contribution of various links of the two models, upstream emissions, vehicle life, light materials, and power structure are drawn, and relevant suggestions are given based on the conclusions.
Carbon emission of recycled concrete based integrated pre-fabricated structure: Case study from perspective of entire materialisation
Authors: Zheng Guanjun
Published: May 2023

To investigate the potential impact of combining pre-fabricated construction and recycled concrete on carbon emission reduction, we conducted carbon emission calculations on three types of structures: integrated pre-fabricated structures based on recycled aggregate concrete (IPSRAC), integrated pre-fabricated structures based on natural aggregate concrete (IPSNAC), and cast-in-place structures based on natural aggregate concrete (CSNAC). We used the annual average price in the carbon trading market to convert carbon emissions into enterprise costs. Our results show that IPSNAC can reduce carbon emissions by 25.9% compared to CSNAC, resulting in a cost saving of 18.2 yuan per 1 m3 of construction components. Furthermore, IPSRAC can further reduce carbon emissions by 8.2% compared to IPSNAC, resulting in a cost saving of 5.8 yuan per 1 m3 of construction components. Our findings provide important data for construction enterprises to make informed decisions about integrating pre-fabricated construction and recycled concrete to reduce carbon emissions.
Prediction of gas emission in mining face based on GA-PSO-SVM
Authors: Yang Shouguo , Huang Ruming , Liu Haoxing , Li Jalin
Published: May 2023

In order to prevent the gas from exceeding the limit and accurately and effectively predict the gas emission, this paper puts forward a prediction method of gas emission in mining face based on GA-PSO-SVM. The historical data of a coal mine is analyzed by comprehensively considering five factors that affect the gas emission from the working face. By predicting the gas emission from the test set, the values of MSE, MAE and RMSEP of GA-PSO-SVM model in the return gas concentration prediction are 0.029942, 0.001323 and 0.036378, respectively, and the three indexes are superior to the other three prediction models, indicating that the combined model is better than the single GA-SVM and PSO.
Research of Materials and Manufacturing Technology System for On-orbit Manufacturing
Authors: Jiayong Yan , Baorong Liu , Kai Yang , Hanliang Liu , Bin Zhang , Lixin Zhang , Cunyi Wang
Published: May 2023

On-orbit manufacturing is affected by space microgravity, high vacuum, large temperature variation, strong radiation and other environmental factors, which also puts forward new requirements for materials and process methods suitable for on-orbit manufacturing. This paper summarizes the current research status of different scholars on materials and technologies for on-orbit manufacturing. The main application scenarios and requirements of on-orbit manufacturing are analysed. The technical capability requirements under different application requirements are analysed. Then according to the material source, material use and manufacturability, the material system for in-orbit manufacturing is established. According to different technical requirements, the manufacturing technology system of on-orbit manufacturing is established. From the point of view of materials and technology, the key technical directions that should be broken through in on-orbit manufacturing are put forward. It can provide reference for the subsequent research on materials and process technology of on-orbit manufacturing.
Research on Distribution Network Side Shared Energy Storage Business Model under Double Carbon Strategy
Authors: Wu Bingqing , Yue Yunli , Yue Hao , Ding Jianmin , Chen Dan
Published: May 2023

Under the goal of the national dual carbon strategy, favorable policies related to national and local energy storage appear frequently, and the era of large-scale energy storage comes. Based on the analysis of relevant national energy storage policies, this paper points out that under the single business model of energy storage, its energy storage resources will lead to a large number of idle waste and low economic benefits, and then leads to the necessity of shared energy storage business model, Compared with the traditional single energy storage business model, shared energy storage has wider sources of income and higher return on investment; This paper expounds the characteristics of the multi-agent shared energy storage business model participated by the third party, points out the interest relationship among its subjects, and then analyzes the typical application scenarios and business model of shared energy storage combined with the case of Shandong shared energy storage; Finally, it combs the application technology of shared energy storage, analyzes the bilateral and unilateral transaction interest relationship of shared energy storage, puts forward the transaction mode of standardizing its single and bilateral cost sharing, and then studies the transaction architecture of shared energy storage system for multi-agent users in distribution network.
Visual analysis on coal adsorption study
Authors: Zhang Yanni , Yang Jingjing , Hou Yunchao , Shu Pan
Published: May 2023

Coal spontaneous combustion is one of the main disasters that threaten mine safety production., and coal adsorption characteristics is the main cause of coal spontaneous combustion. Therefore, a lot of researchers have begun to pay close attention to the field of coal adsorption research to prevent coal spontaneous combustion. Based on bibliometrics, this paper analyzes the number of published papers, journal sources, high-yield authors, institutions and research hotspots on coal adsorption in the SCI database of Web of Science platform, and makes a visual analysis using Citespace software. The research shows that the number of papers published in the field has been on the rise in recent years, and China’s influence in this field has gradually strengthened. The most in-depth research institutions and journals in the field of coal adsorption are China University of Mining and Technology and FUEL, respectively. In terms of research content, the coal pore structure and multi-factor coupling affect on coal adsorption capacity will be a research hotspot in this field in the future.
Process intensification of hydrogen production by steam reforming of methane over structured channel packing catalysts
Authors: Kuang Xiao-Gang , Zhang Li , Ren Yan-Lun , Wang Xing-Wei
Published: May 2023

The industrial methane steam reforming reaction usually employs particulate catalyst that are easy to prepare and cost-effective, but suffer from problems such as high reactor pressure drop and low overall catalyst utilization. In this study, the Ni-Al2CaO4 powder prepared by the equal volume impregnation method was subjected to particle size control using a pressing method, and was made into catalyst particles of different sizes. Some of the catalysts were filled into honeycomb structures with cordierite and metal substrates, respectively, to prepare regular channel packing catalysts. The differences in methane steam reforming conversion rate, H2/CO selectivity, and overall pressure drop among the three catalysts were compared, and the influence of particle size and regular channel on reaction performance was systematically explored. The results showed that under the same conditions, as the catalyst particle size increased, the methane conversion rate and pressure drop increased. The regular channel packing catalysts with the two substrates showed similar pressure drop levels, but the metal substrate exhibited a higher methane conversion rate due to its excellent thermal conductivity. Compared with single-particle catalysts of the same size, the pressure drop of the metal substrate regular channel packing catalysts was reduced by more than 25%. Under the conditions of a gas hourly space velocity of 2000 h-1, a reaction temperature of 700 °C, and a water-to-carbon ratio of 3, the 40-60 mesh metal substrate regular packing catalysts showed a 7% increase in methane conversion rate, reaching 95.2%.
Effect of humic acid on degradation of PTBP by strain Tas13
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: May 2023

p-tert-Butylphenol (PTBP) is a kind of alkylphenol endocrine disruptor. PTBP is not only toxic to aquatic organisms and animals because of its high persistence in the environment, but also has acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, endocrine interference and certain toxicity of reproductive development. It is also harmful to human health and has become an important environmental pollutant. Therefore, the pollution of PTBP and its removal have attracted wide attention. Humic acid affects its adsorption and biodegradation efficiency in water environment. In this study, the adsorption analysis of PTBP by humic acid and the mechanism of the effect of humic acid on the degradation of PTBP by Tas13 were investigated. The results showed that humic acid could adsorb PTBP and promote the degradation of PTBP by Tas13.Raman spectroscopy suggests that humic acid may be associated with relaxation of membrane proteins and lipid monolayers to promote subsequent intracellular metabolism. Zeta potential analysis showed that humic acid interacts with bacterial surface functional groups to generate and regulate the transmembrane transport of carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl groups. The addition of humic acid promotes the transport of PTBP from the outside to the inside of bacterial cells, thus effectively degrading it. In addition, by measuring the C23O activity of strain Tas13, humic acid stimulated the active C23O gene, which enhanced the expression of C23O gene mediated by strain Tas13.
Analysis of anode current distribution in aluminum electrolysis cell based on equivalent circuit numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhou Peixin , Tie Jun
Published: May 2023

The development of modern industrial aluminum reduction cell towards the direction of higher line current and more anodes. The distribution of anode current and the stability of the fluid in reduction cell are directly affected by the busbar configuration. In this paper, a simulation model of the multi-loop equivalent circuit of aluminum electrolysis cell was established by using MATLAB/Simulink, and the distribution characteristics of anode current under three different current risers were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the number of terminals, the cell voltage decreases and anode current distribution is more uniform. The anode current is positively correlated with the distance from the terminal and the current of the nearest column busbar.
Additives for Realistic Biodegradable Cellulose-based Film with Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Deng Yijia
Published: May 2023

Developing the biodegradable and renewable materials in the food packaging industry has become one of the most important topics in modern society, where has attracted a lot of efforts in this field. In this review, we have discussed the additives that used to regulate the mechanical and antimicrobial properties by blending into cellulose and its derivatives. Cellulose is one of the best biomass composites for film formation with resource abundance and biodegradability. To realize the further benefits of cellulose and its derivatives in the food packaging manufacture, there are still a quantity of opportunities in improving the practicality and cost of the additives.
Research progress on heat dissipation technology of vapor chamber
Authors: Du Zhehua
Published: May 2023

Vapor chamber is a new type of two-phase flow heat dissipation technology. It offers the benefits of excellent thermal conductivity, uniform and consistent temperature, and the ability to reverse heat flow direction. It addresses the limitations of conventional heat pipes, such as limited contact area, high thermal resistance, and non-uniform heat flow. In the future, it will be an effective solution for cooling high heat flux electron devices in the electronic industry. This paper summarizes three types of wicks: micro-channel, sintered powder, and sintered screen. This article contrasts the benefits and drawbacks. This brief overview illustrates the latest advancements in heat and mass transfer theory related to vapor chamber, both domestically and internationally. Scholars employ the boiling theory of transport modelling to capture the gas-liquid interface, ascertain the critical heat flux, and analyze the flow and heat transfer laws of the working fluid in the uniform temperature plate. This paper analyzes several factors that affect the performance of the uniform temperature plate, including the selection of fluid, filling rate of liquid, size and distribution position of heat source input power, and working angle. Finally, this study analyzes and forecasts the practical applications of vapor chamber, taking into account the surrounding environmental factors.
Research on Detection Methods and Applications of Natural Whitening Components in Cosmetics
Authors: Liu Yanxi , Li Xinzheng
Published: May 2023

With the improvement of people's living standards, cosmetics have been widely used. The addition of whitening ingredients in cosmetics is necessary. Natural whitening ingredients have the advantages of small side effects, strong efficacy and high safety, but excessive addition is harmful to the human body. Therefore, the detection of natural whitening ingredients in cosmetics is very important. This paper summarizes the research on natural whitening ingredients detection technology, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of high-performance liquid chromatography, pre-column/ post-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and thin layer scanning method. We extract polyphenols from natural plants and thymine from natural animals as ingredients of cosmetics.
Investigation of Chemical Mechanical Polishing Slurry of magnesium alloy
Authors: Zhao Shicheng , Song Xiaoming , Zhang Renjie
Published: May 2023

To improve the surface roughness of magnesium alloy, we researched and developed a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) solution for magnesium alloy, and the effect of sodium tartrate on the surface quality of magnesium alloy and the mechanism of action were investigated. Through orthogonal experiments, the composition of the chemical mechanical polishing solution for magnesium alloy was determined as 50 nm particle size, 6 wt.% Al2O3 abrasive, malic acid adjusted pH=5, 1 wt.% sodium tartrate and deionized water. The polished magnesium alloy flakes were characterized by 3D white light interference profilometer and the corrosion inhibition mechanism of sodium tartrate was analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface roughness of magnesium alloy was reduced to 4.626 nm after chemical mechanical polishing in the scan range of 70 μm × 50 μm. By evaluating the valence changes of Mg and O on the surface of magnesium alloy wafers after the original surface, malic acid and sodium tartrate soaking, the reaction equation of magnesium alloy flakes in polishing solution was summarised.
Degradation of azo dye by Sono-Fenton method based on Fe-based amorphous alloy ribbons
Authors: Tan Ling , Li Chunling
Published: May 2023

Azo compounds are difficult to remove from wastewater by conventional wastewater treatment methods. In this study, an Fe-based amorphous alloy was used as a catalyst for the degradation of azo dyes by Sono-Fenton method. The effects of pH, oxidant dosage and temperature on the reaction process of Sono-Fenton and its mechanism of action were investigated. The fastest degradation rate was observed at pH=2, an experimental temperature of 35°C and a H2O2 dosage of 100 μL, with a degradation time of 25 min.
Recent progress of NaBH4 for hydrogen production
Authors: Zhou Ren , Chuan Lu Zi , Chen Song Meng , Ting Zhang Liu
Published: May 2023

Hydrogen energy is gaining more and more attention because of its high calorific value and environmental friendliness. Hydrogen production technology, which determines the cost of hydrogen, become a focus of attention in the 21st century. Among many hydrogen production technologies, hydrogen production by hydrolysis of NaBH4 is one of the best sources of hydrogen as it can produce high purity hydrogen in a convenient, practical and safe way. This paper focuses on the catalysts used in NaBH4 hydrolysis for hydrogen production, as well as new methods for the regeneration of NaBH4 from hydrolysates. The latest development and achievements of NaBH4 for hydrogen production was presented and future perspectives were discussed.
Research progress of CO2 separation technology by solvent absorption
Authors: Huang Binxin
Published: May 2023

The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large amount of CO2, which causes the greenhouse effect and leads to global warming and poses a serious threat to life on earth. CO2 capture technology can effectively reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, alleviate the greenhouse effect, and improve the environment. CO2 capture technologies include absorption, membrane separation and adsorption separation, among which chemical absorption and separation have the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and easy availability of materials. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of three main chemical absorption and separation methods (inorganic reagents, organic amines and ionic liquids) adsorb CO2 are summarized. Among inorganic adsorbents, NH3·H2O can achieve rapid and efficient absorption of CO2, and it is relatively stable and not easy to degrade. Common types of organic amine adsorbents are monoethanolamine, methanolamine, and sterically hindered amine. However, it is difficult for a single organic amine adsorbent to meet the requirements of high absorption rate, high absorption capacity and low reaction heat at the same time. Therefore, mixing organic amine absorbents with different characteristics can improve their performance in absorbing CO2. Ionic liquids have the advantages of good thermal stability, very low saturation vapor pressure, and designable structure, and are a new type of CO2 adsorbent, but ionic liquids have high viscosity themselves. Combining ionic liquids with organic or inorganic porous materials to form loaded ionic liquid materials, which can be used as CO2 adsorbent not only to improve the separation effect, but also to avoid the problem of high viscosity caused by direct absorption of ionic liquids, thus improving CO2 adsorption efficiency.
Metabolic-Related Index to Predict Post-Transplantation Diabetes
Mellitus After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Xiaojie Ni , Bicheng Chen , Yongling Li , Tingting Huang , Yi Zhou , Chen Zimiao
Published: May 2023

Metabolic-related markers are novel tools for assessing insulin resistance. Early
identification of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) before
hyperglycemia can be helpful to attenuate the rapid development of diabetic
complications. This article aims to explore the convenient and inexpensive
values of metabolic-related markers, including TyG, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C,
and non-HDL-C/HDL-C for predicting PTDM. The data of 191 kidney
transplant recipients in our center were collected retrospectively. The
association between TyG, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C and
the risk of PTDM was examined by the area under the curve and logistic
regression analyses. During 6 months follow-up, 12.04% of KT recipients
developed PTDM, and significantly higher values of TyG-BMI, TyG, and
non-HDL-C/HDL-C was found in patients with PTDM than in nondiabetic
patients, especially among the recipients taking tacrolimus, regardless of
gender. The incidence of PTDM increased along with the values of TyG or TyG-BMI.
After adjusting for multiple potential factors, recipients with the highest
trisector of TyG or TyG-BMI still had a higher risk of PTDM morbidity. In
conclusion, TyG, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C can be
used as cost-effective and promising monitors to identify individuals at high
risk of PTDM, and TyG-BMI was the best alternative marker among the four
markers.
Robotik in der Leberchirurgie – Tipps und Tricks
Authors: Heinrich Stefan , Tschuor Christoph , Lang Hauke
Published: May 2023

Die minimalinvasive Leberchirurgie hat nachgewiesene Vorteile gegenüber dem offenen Vorgehen. Insofern sollte die minimalinvasive Leberchirurgie auch in Deutschland breitere Anwendung
finden. Die minimalinvasive Leberchirurgie hat in den vergangenen Jahren eine signifikante Entwicklung durchlaufen, in deren Rahmen sich auch die robotische Technik zunehmend etabliert.
Aktuelle Analysen suggerieren geringere Blutverluste, Komplikationsraten und Krankenhausverweildauern im Vergleich zu offener und laparoskopischer Leberchirurgie. Im Gegensatz zur
laparoskopischen ist das Setting bei der robotischen Technik weitgehend unabhängig von der Art der Resektion. Trotz einiger theoretischer Vorteile sollten die robotische und laparoskopische
Leberchirurgie aktuell als gleichwertig erachtet werden. Allerdings deuten aktuelle Arbeiten auf Verbesserungen durch den Einsatz der Robotik hin, und das Entwicklungspotenzial der
robotischen Chirurgie mithilfe von Artificial Intelligence und Machine Learning erscheint deutlich größer. Die einzelnen Operationsschritte können weitgehend aus der offenen und
laparoskopischen Chirurgie übernommen werden. Für die Parenchymdissektion fehlt jedoch noch ein CUSA-System, sodass unterschiedliche Techniken und Hilfsmittel zum Einsatz kommen. Aufgrund
der technischen Unterschiede zur laparoskopischen Technik sollten vor der Etablierung eines robotischen Programms intensive Übungsphasen des gesamten Teams genutzt werden.
Determinants of Dual-task Gait Speed in Older Adults with and without
Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ivaniski-Mello André , Müller Vivian Torres , de Liz Alves Lucas , Casal Marcela Zimmermann , Haas Aline Nogueira , Correale Luca , Kanitz Ana Carolina , Martins Valéria Feijó , Gonçalves Andréa Kruger , Martinez Flávia Gomes , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre
Published: May 2023

Mobility difficulties for people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) are more
pronounced when they perform a simultaneous cognitive task while walking.
Although it is known that neurodegeneration results in widespread motor and
brain impairments, few studies have comprehensively examined possible physical
and mental determinants of dual task walking in PwPD. In this cross-sectional
study, we aimed to investigate if and how muscle strength (sit-to-stand 30-sec
test), cognition (mini-mental state examination) and functionality (timed up and
go test) affect walking performance (10-meter walking test) with and without
arithmetic dual task from older adults with and without Parkinson’s
disease. Walking speed was reduced by 16% and 11% with
arithmetic dual task for PwPD (from 1.07±0.28 to
0.91±0.29 m.s−1, p<0.001) and
older adults (from 1.32±0.28 to
1.16±0.26 m.s−1, p=0.002)
compared to essential walking. The cognitive state was similar among the groups,
but it was only associated with the dual-task walking speed in PwPD. In PwPD,
lower limb strength was the better predictor of speed, whereas mobility was more
related to it in older adults. Therefore, future exercise interventions aiming
to improve walking in PwPD should consider these findings to maximize their
effectiveness.
Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia
Authors: Jain Shivani , Parrotte Samantha , Anyanwu Chikamuche , Fairchild Alexandra H.
Published: May 2023

Sarcopenia is a progressive muscle wasting syndrome involving loss in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. It is closely associated with cirrhosis and its complications with up to more than half of cirrhotic patients demonstrating imaging findings of sarcopenia. The pathogenesis of this syndrome remains complex, including multiple factors involved in skeletal muscle homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and energy dysregulation. Many modalities exist in assessing and measuring sarcopenia. The use of cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, with accurate and clinically proven assessment software should be considered the gold standard. Sarcopenia has become the focus of ongoing extensive research with initial findings highlighting increased mortality and complication rates in patient with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Additional studies have demonstrated reversal and improved survival in sarcopenic patients who have undergone transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. Thus, accounting for sarcopenia can help risk stratify patients prior to interventional procedures to allow for better outcomes and improved survival.
Mapping the impact of defect distributions in silicon carbide devices using the edge transient-current technique
Authors: Dorfer Christian , Bathen Marianne E. , Race Salvatore , Kumar Piyush , Tsibizov Alexander , Woerle Judith , Grossner Ulrike
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate that the multi-photon absorption edge transient-current technique (edge-TCT) can be used to three-dimensionally map the impact of defect distributions on device characteristics in situ inside the bulk of silicon carbide devices. A ∼5 μm wide defect-rich layer induced by proton irradiation at a depth of ∼27 μm was investigated in 4H-SiC samples and compared to the pristine case. Edge-TCT enables mapping of the position of the implantation peak as well as to identify the space charge polarity around the implanted region. The edge-TCT results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations of the proton irradiation that were verified by luminescence measurements and TCAD-based device simulations. In result, edge-TCT is found to be capable of distinguishing different device regions due to its charge sensitivity and directly visualizing space charge regions, facilitating calibration of charge carrier distribution models in semiconductor devices.
Impurities and defects in 4H silicon carbide
Authors: Wang Rong , Huang Yuanchao , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong
Published: May 2023

The widespread use of 4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) is just around the corner since high-power electronics based on 4H-SiC are increasingly fabricated to enable the low-carbon development of the world. Quantum technologies are also intensively explored by scrutinizing 4H-SiC as a platform for wafer-scale integration of semiconductor and quantum technologies. Given the importance of impurities and defects for any semiconductor, comprehensive and insightful understanding of impurities and defects in 4H-SiC is imperative. In this Perspective, we summarize recent experimental and theoretical advances in researches on impurities and defects in 4H-SiC after briefly reviewing the history of 4H-SiC. Impurity engineering and defect engineering for the realization of the full potential of 4H-SiC are also discussed. Challenges for the study on impurities and defects in 4H-SiC are finally outlined.