bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology effects on surface chemical properties and lattice defects of Cu/CeO2 catalysts applied for low-temperature CO oxidation
Authors: Dong Fang , Meng Yu , Han Weiliang , Zhao Haijun , Tang Zhicheng
Published: August 2019

Here, we synthesized a series of Cu/CeO2 catalysts with different morphology and size, including Cu/CeO2 nanospheres (Cu/CeO2-S), Cu/CeO2 nanoparticles (Cu/CeO2-P), Cu/CeO2 nanorods (Cu/CeO2-R) and flower-like Cu/CeO2 microspheres (Cu/CeO2-F) to systematically explore the structure-activity relationship in CO oxidation. Crucially, the effect of morphology, crystal size, Ce4+/Ce3+ species, oxygen vacancies derived from the removal of lattice oxygen (Olatt) species in CeO2 and lattice defect sites on CO activity was revealed through various characterizations. It was clearly discovered that the activity of these catalysts was as follows: Cu/CeO2-R > Cu/CeO2-P > Cu/CeO2-S > Cu/CeO2-F, and the Cu/CeO2-R catalyst preferentially showed the best catalytic performance with a 90% conversion of CO even at 58 °C, owned the smaller particles size of CeO2 and CuO, and exhibited the higher concentration of Olatt species and oxygen vacancies. Besides, it is also verified that the Cu/CeO2-F sample exhibited the larger CeO2 crystal size (17.14 nm), which led to the lower Cu dispersion and CO conversion, even at 121 °C (T90). Most importantly, we discovered that the amount of surface lattice defect sites was positively related to the reaction rate of CO. Simultaneously, DFT calculation also demonstrated that the introduced oxygen vacancies in CeO2 could accelerate the oxidation of CO by the alteration of CO adsorption energy. Therefore, the morphology, the crystal size, the content of oxygen vacancies, as well as lattice defects of Cu/CeO2 catalyst might work together for CO oxidation reaction.
iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis reveals proteomic changes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) in response to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection
Authors: Lan Mei , Li Guoliang , Hu Jingfeng , Yang Hongli , Zhang Liqin , Xu Xuezhong , Liu Jiajia , He Jiangming , Sun Rifei
Published: August 2019

Clubroot disease is one of the major diseases affecting Brassica crops, especially Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), which is known to be highly susceptible to the disease. In this study, the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin was used to infect the roots of Chinese cabbage seedlings. The disease symptoms were noticeable at 28 and 35 days after inoculation (DAI) in the susceptible (CM) line. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, a total of 5,003 proteins of differential abundance were identified in the resistant/susceptible lines, which could be quantitated by dipeptide or polypeptide segments. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the susceptible (CM) and resistant (CCR) lines were associated with the glutathione transferase activity pathway, which could catalyze the combination of glutathione and other electrophilic compounds to protect plants from disease. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEPs may be significantly enriched cytokinin signaling or arginine biosynthesis pathways, both of which are responses to stimuli and are plant defense reactions. The cytokinins may facilitate cell division in the shoot, resulting in the hypertrophy and formation of galls and the presentation of typical clubroot symptoms. In this study, the proteomic results provide a new perspective for creating germplasm resistance to P. brassicae, as well as a genetic basis for breeding to improve Chinese cabbage.
Humic Acid Fertilizer Improved Soil Properties and Soil Microbial Diversity of Continuous Cropping Peanut: A Three-Year Experiment
Authors: Li Yan , Fang Feng , Wei Jianlin , Wu Xiaobin , Cui Rongzong , Li Guosheng , Zheng Fuli , Tan Deshui
Published: August 2019

Although humic acid has been demonstrated to improve the quality of some soil types, the long-term effects of humic acid on soil under continuous cropping peanut are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the continuous effects of humic acid on the physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and enzyme activities of soil under continuous cropping peanut. In this study, a three-year consecutive experiment of cropping peanut was conducted in the North China Plain. In addition to the equal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium inputs, humic acid treatment was applied with inorganic fertilizers. Compared with control experiments, humic acid increased the yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut. To elucidate the mechanism of humic acid affecting the soil quality, various soil quality indicators were evaluated and compared in this study. It was found that humic acid increased soil nutrient contents, including the total soil nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter contents, which exhibited the maximum effect in the third year. Meanwhile, the urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities in the soil significantly increased after treated with humic acid, of which the maturity period increased most significantly. The same results were observed for three consecutive years. Microbial diversity varied considerably according to the high throughput sequencing analysis. Specifically, the number of bacteria decreased while that of fungi increased after humic acid treatment. The abundance of Firmicutes in bacteria, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota in fungi all increased, which have been reported as being beneficial to plant growth. In contrast, the abundance of Ascomycota in fungi was reduced, and most of the related genera identified are pathogenic to plants. In conclusion, humic acid improved the yield and quality of continuous cropping peanut because of improved physicochemical properties, enzymatic activities, and microbial diversity of soil, which is beneficial for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping peanut.
Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Ushasree P. M. , Bora B.
Published: August 2019

Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter on photovoltaics (PVs) and gives a technological overview on silicon solar cells. The various steps involved in the development of silicon solar cells, from the reduction of sand to fabrication of solar cells, are described in detail. The global status of solar PV modules in terms of their contribution to energy generation is also discussed. At present China, India, USA, Japan and Germany are the biggest solar markets in the world, accounting for most of the growth in solar power. A few other developing countries also constitute the emerging market for PVs. Chapter 1 also discusses the installed capacity, targets and current policy for power generation from PVs across different countries. Finally, to set the scene for subsequent chapters, three types of thin-film PV technologies are introduced: cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper–indium–gallium–selenide (CIGS) and amorphous silicon (a-Si), and their advantages and disadvantages over crystalline Si modules are discussed.
Dye-sensitised Solar Cells
Authors: Tian Haining , Gardner James , Edvinsson Tomas , Pati Palas B. , Cong Jiayan , Xu Bo , Abrahamsson Maria , Cappel Ute B. , Barea Eva M.
Published: August 2019

Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) have been recognised and rapidly developed as one of the third generation of photovoltaic technologies over the past three decades. This chapter describes the scientific history, working principles, development and mechanistic understanding of each component in the device, in addition to some of the key techniques used to study DSSCs, such as transient absorption spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We hope that this chapter will be useful for people who are interested in the applications of chemistry in renewable energy conversion.
A MoN nanosheet array supported on carbon cloth as an efficient electrochemical sensor for nitrite detection
Authors: Cao Rongrong , Huang Hong , Liang Jie , Wang Ting , Luo Yonglan , Asiri Abdullah M. , Ye Hejiang , Sun Xuping
Published: August 2019

MoN nanosheet array acts as an efficient catalyst for nitrite sensing, with a linear range from 1 μA to 5 mM, a detection limit of 3 nM (S/N = 3), a high sensitivity of 4319 μA mM−1 cm−2 and long-term stability and reproducibility.
A matrix of perovskite micro-seeds and polypyrrole nanotubes tethered laccase/graphite biosensor for sensitive quantification of 2,4-dichlorophenol in wastewater
Authors: Yashas Shivamurthy Ravindra , Sandeep Shadakshari , Shivakumar Ballagere Puttaraju , Swamy Ningappa Kumar
Published: August 2019

The present study demonstrates the fabrication of a laccase (lac) biosensor to detect and quantify 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) using a lac immobilized polypyrrole nanotube (PPyNT) and strontium copper oxide (SrCuO2) micro-seed composite modified graphite electrode.
Sr[B(OH)4](IO3) and Li4Sr5[B12O22(OH)4](IO3)2: two unprecedented metal borate-iodates showing a subtle balance of enlarged band gap and birefringence
Authors: Peng Guang , Lin Chensheng , Zhao Dan , Cao Liling , Fan Huixin , Chen Kaichuang , Ye Ning
Published: August 2019

The first two metal borate-iodates, Sr[B(OH)4](IO3) (SBIO) and Li4Sr5[B12O22(OH)4](IO3)2 (LSBIO), were synthesized, showing a subtle balance of enlarged band gaps and birefringence.
Promoting proton coupled electron transfer in redox catalysts through molecular design
Authors: Thammavongsy Zachary , Mercer Ian P. , Yang Jenny Y.
Published: August 2019

Mini-review on using the secondary coordination sphere to facilitate multi-electron, multi-proton catalysis.
Hematite nanorod arrays top-decorated with an MIL-101 layer for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Wang Huali , He Xuan , Li Weixin , Chen Hui , Fang Wei , Tian Pan , Xiao Feng , Zhao Lei
Published: August 2019

α-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays were top-decorated with MIL-101 via the CVD method for constructing one intimate contact between two layers.
Effect of solvent polarity in mechanochemistry: preparation of a conglomerate vs. racemate
Authors: Sarmah Kashyap Kumar , Rajbongshi Trishna , Bhuyan Achyut , Thakuria Ranjit
Published: August 2019

The formation of racemic salt vs. conglomerate of isoniazid and tartaric acid was investigated using mechanochemistry. The effect of the polarity and dipole moment of the added liquid used during grinding is discussed.
Quantification of protein aggregation rates and quenching effects of amylin–inhibitor complexes
Authors: Khatun Suparna , Singh Anurag , Mandal Debabrata , Chandra Amreesh , Gupta Amar Nath
Published: August 2019

Comparative inhibition capabilities of graphene quantum dots, resveratrol, and curcumin decipher the dose-dependent competitive role of protein aggregation rate and quenching effect in amylin fibrillation.
Strain-tunable CO2 storage by black phosphorene and α-PC from combined first principles and molecular dynamics studies
Authors: Song Xiaohan , Liu Yang , Yang Yanmei , Li Weifeng , Zhao Mingwen
Published: August 2019

2D layered materials with puckered structure are promising mediums for gas storage because of their strain-tunable large surface areas and structural stability. The gas adsorption and desorption can be well controlled with strain.
Assessment of the intramolecular magnetic interactions in the highly saddled iron(iii) porphyrin π-radical cations: the change from planar to saddle conformations
Authors: Chen Ching-Chin , Wu Yi-Wen , Nakamura Mikio , Cheng Ru-Jen , Tseng Tzu-Hsien , Chen Peter P.-Y.
Published: August 2019

The intramolecular magnetic interactions in one-electron oxidized iron(iii) porphyrin π-radical cations with planar and saddle conformations have been compared by means of a variety of spectroscopic, physical methods and unrestricted DFT calculations.
Pressure induced semiconductor–semimetal–superconductor transition of magnesium hexaborides
Authors: Duan Li , Su Jing , Gong Ning , Wan Biao , Chen Peng , Zhou Pengyuan , Wang Zhibin , Li Zhiping , Wu Lailei
Published: August 2019

The semiconductor → semimetal → superconductor transition of MgB6 induced by the B-p electron delocalization.
A novel peroxopolyoxoniobate incorporating mixed heteroatoms: [P2Se2Nb6(O2)6O22]8−
Authors: Yang Zongfei , Mu Qiushui , Liang Zhijie , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: August 2019

A novel hetero selenato–phosphato–peroxoniobate {P2Se2Nb6(O2)6O22}, which is the first polyoxoniobate integrating selenium atoms, was synthesised by a one-pot reaction.
Eco-compatible oxides enabling energy storage via Li+/Mg2+ co-intercalation
Authors: Veleva Sv. , Ivanova Sv. , Półrolniczak P. , Wasiński K. , Nihtianova D. , Stoyanova A. E. , Stoyanova R.
Published: August 2019

The co-intercalation of Li+ and Mg2+ into magnesium manganates and lithium titanates allow using them as electrodes in hybrid Li–Mg ion cells with conventional lithium electrolyte.
Pathways towards true catalysts: computational modelling and structural transformations of Zn-polyoxotungstates
Authors: Ni Lubin , Güttinger Robin , Triana C. A. , Spingler Bernhard , Baldridge Kim K. , Patzke Greta R.
Published: August 2019

Comprehensive computational modelling with advanced analytical investigations provides insight into mechanisms and active species of noble metal-free polyoxometalate oxidation catalysts.
β-Arylethynyl substituted silver corrole complexes
Authors: Stefanelli Manuela , Ricci Antonella , Chiarini Marco , Lo Sterzo Claudio , Berionni Berna Beatrice , Pomarico Giuseppe , Sabuzi Federica , Galloni Pierluca , Fronczek Frank R. , Smith Kevin M. , Wang Liping , Ou Zhongping , Kadish Karl M. , Paolesse Roberto
Published: August 2019

The introduction of β-ethynyl groups strongly influences the optical properties of silver 3,17- triarylcorrole complexes.
Encapsulation and release of curcumin using an intact milk fat globule delivery system
Authors: Alshehab Maha , Nitin Nitin
Published: August 2019

Milk fat globule carriers were evaluated as an encapsulation system for curcumin. Partitioning is confirmed using fluorescence imaging. Release of curcumin under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and associated morphological changes to the carriers were evaluated.
Naphthoylhydrazones: coordination to metal ions and biological screening
Authors: Ribeiro Nádia , Galvão Adelino M. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Ramos Helena , Pinheiro Rute , Saraiva Lucília , Ntungwe Epole , Isca Vera , Rijo Patrícia , Cavaco Isabel , Ramilo-Gomes Filipa , Guedes Rita C. , Pessoa João Costa , Correia Isabel
Published: August 2019

VIVO, CuII and ZnII complexes from three new naphthoylhydrazones were screened towards their ability to bind albumin and their cytotoxicity.
A benzofuran-β-alaninamide based “turn-on” fluorescent chemosensor for selective recognition of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Madhu P. , Sivakumar P. , Sribalan Rajendran
Published: August 2019

A benzofuran-β-alaninamide based chemosensor, 3-(3-((4-methylbenzyl)amino)propanamido)benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BAA), was designed and synthesized for selective detection of Fe3+ ions.
Influence of Li+ ions on the physicochemical properties of nanocrystalline calcium–strontium hydroxyapatite doped with Eu3+ ions
Authors: Sobierajska Paulina , Wiglusz Rafal J.
Published: August 2019

In the present study, nanocrystalline Ca–Sr hydroxyapatites structurally modified with Li+ ions as well as co-doped with Eu3+ ions were prepared as biomaterials showing both regenerative and therapeutic functions.
Highly N2-selective allylation of NH-1,2,3-triazoles with allenamides mediated by N-iodosuccinimide
Authors: Re He Man Xi Jia Ai Ti , Liu Yong Chun , Li Xiao Xiao , Zhao Zhi Gang
Published: August 2019

We report a new protocol to synthesize N2-allyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles via NIS mediated allylation of allenamides with NH-1,2,3-triazoles.
Germanane synthesis with simultaneous covalent functionalization: towards highly functionalized fluorescent germananes
Authors: Sturala Jiri , Luxa Jan , Matějková Stanislava , Sofer Zdenek , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2019

We describe exfoliation and subsequent modification of calcium germanide, which yields layered germanium materials with alkyl or aryl groups. Different organic functional group covalently derivatized layered germananes exhibit very intense fluorescence.
(Co, Mn)-Doped NiSe2-diethylenetriamine (dien) nanosheets and (Co, Mn, Sn)-doped NiSe2 nanowires for high performance supercapacitors: compositional/morphological evolution and (Co, Mn)-induced electron transfer
Authors: Dan Huamei , Tao Keyu , Hai Yang , Liu Li , Gong Yun
Published: August 2019

A series of MSe2-dien (M = metal(ii) ion and dien = diethylenetriamine) were grown on Ni foam (NF) based on Co(ii)/Mn(ii) salts with different molar ratios.
Biomedical and bioimaging applications of 2D pnictogens and transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Urbanová Veronika , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2019

Multifunctional platforms will play a key role and gain more prominence in the field of personalized healthcare worldwide in the near future due to the ever-increasing number of patients suffering from cancer.
Silicon nanomembrane-based near infrared phototransistor with positive and negative photodetections
Authors: Pan Ruobing , Guo Qinglei , Cao Jun , Huang Gaoshan , Wang Yang , Qin Yuzhou , Tian Ziao , An Zhenghua , Di Zengfeng , Mei Yongfeng
Published: August 2019

Near infrared photodiode and phototransistor were fabricated on silicon nanomembranes with nanostructures, and both positive and negative photodetections were realized.
Transition metal-free synthesis of quinazolinones using dimethyl sulfoxide as a synthon
Authors: Lee Seohoo , Sim Jaeuk , Jo Hyeju , Viji Mayavan , Srinu Lanka , Lee Kiho , Lee Heesoon , Manjunatha Vishwanath , Jung Jae-Kyung
Published: August 2019

Biologically important quinazolinones have been synthesized from 2-aminobenzamides and DMSO.
Stabilization of the triple helix in collagen mimicking peptides
Authors: Kubyshkin Vladimir
Published: August 2019

The review classifies existing chemical approaches towards stronger triple helical assemblies in peptides.
A self-assembled graphene/polyurethane sponge for excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance
Authors: Hu Zhikang , Ji Xinxin , Li Buyin , Luo Yuanzheng
Published: August 2019

Process diagram of PUG Sponge for electromagnetic interference shielding.
Nickel-catalyzed C–H alkylation of indoles with unactivated alkyl chlorides: evidence of a Ni(i)/Ni(iii) pathway
Authors: Pandey Dilip K. , Ankade Shidheshwar B. , Ali Abad , Vinod C. P. , Punji Benudhar
Published: August 2019

A mild and efficient nickel-catalyzed method for the chemo and regioselective coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides with the C–H bond of indoles and pyrroles at 60 °C is described.
A light-responsive, self-immolative linker for controlled drug delivery via peptide- and protein-drug conjugates
Authors: Zang Chuanlong , Wang Huawei , Li Tiantian , Zhang Yingqian , Li Jiahui , Shang Mengdi , Du Juanjuan , Xi Zhen , Zhou Chuanzheng
Published: August 2019

Photoirradiation of the PC4AP linker generates an active intermediate that reacts intramolecularly with a primary amine on the carrier peptide/protein, leading to rapid release of the drug without generating any toxic side products.
Tertiary amine-directed and involved carbonylative cyclizations through Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed multiple C–X (X = H or N) bond cleavage
Authors: Mu Qiu-Chao , Nie Yi-Xue , Bai Xing-Feng , Chen Jing , Yang Lei , Xu Zheng , Li Li , Xia Chun-Gu , Xu Li-Wen
Published: August 2019

An unprecedented and multiple C–H activation/N-dealkylative C–N bond activation provides a direct and facile access to indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-6-ones and phthalides.
Scale-up of microdroplet reactions by heated ultrasonic nebulization
Authors: Liu Chengyuan , Li Jia , Chen Hao , Zare Richard N.
Published: August 2019

Heated ultrasonic nebulization is presented as a new way for scaling up chemical synthesis in microdroplets.
Self-assembly of grafted nanoparticles in the lamellar mesophase of a symmetric triblock copolymer
Authors: Gupta Supriya , Chokshi Paresh
Published: August 2019

Bridge conformations of mid-block chains lead to qualitative differences in the localization of B-grafted particlesvis-à-visA-grafted particles.
Dynamics and stability of a concentric compound particle – a theoretical study
Authors: K. V. S. Chaithanya , Thampi Sumesh P.
Published: August 2019

Particles confined in droplets are called compound particles. This work investigates the dynamics and stability of a concentric compound particle under external forces and imposed flows.
Enhanced long-term stability of perovskite solar cells by passivating grain boundary with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
Authors: Kim Woochul , Park Jong Bae , Kim Hyeonghun , Kim Kihyeun , Park Jiyoon , Cho Sungjun , Lee Heon , Pak Yusin , Jung Gun Young
Published: August 2019

Highly stable perovskite solar cells are achieved by passivating the grain boundaries with PDMS to inhibit the water–perovskite reaction and reduce the trap density, ensuring complete photovoltaic operation even after 5000 h under RH 70%.
Cobalt germanide precipitates indirectly improve the properties of thermoelectric germanium antimony tellurides
Authors: Souchay Daniel , Schwarzmüller Stefan , Becker Hanka , Kante Stefan , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Leineweber Andreas , Oeckler Oliver
Published: August 2019

Cobalt germanide precipitates indirectly influence the thermoelectric performance of germanium antimony tellurides. They stabilize microstructures as shown by analyses of water-quenchedvs.melt-spun and spark plasma sintered samples.
Mn2+-Based narrow-band green-emitting Cs3MnBr5 phosphor and the performance optimization by Zn2+ alloying
Authors: Su Binbin , Molokeev Maxim S. , Xia Zhiguo
Published: August 2019

Novel narrow-band green-emitting Cs3MnBr5 phosphor was fabricated and the optimization of thermal stability was realized by Zn2+ alloying.
The shapes of spiral arms in the S4G survey and their connection with stellar bars
Authors: Díaz-García S. , Salo H. , Knapen J. H. , Herrera-Endoqui M.
Published: August 2019

Context. Spiral galaxies are very common in the local Universe, but their formation, evolution, and interplay with bars remain poorly understood after more than a century of astronomical research on the topic.

Aims. We use a sample of 391 nearby galaxies from the S4G survey to characterise the winding angle and amplitude of spiral arms as a function of disc properties, such as bar strength, in all kinds of spirals (grand-design, multi-armed, and flocculent).

Methods. We derived global pitch angles in 3.6 μm de-projected images from (i) average measurements of individual logarithmic spiral segments, and (ii) for a subsample of 32 galaxies, from 2D Fourier analyses. The strength of spirals was quantified from the tangential-to-radial force ratio and from the normalised m = 2 Fourier density amplitudes.

Results. In galaxies with more than one measured logarithmic segment, the spiral pitch angle varies on average by ∼10° between segments, but by up to ≳15 − 20°. The distribution of the global pitch angle versus Hubble type (T) is very similar for barred and non-barred galaxies when 1 ≲ T ≲ 5. Most spiral galaxies (> 90%) are barred for T >  5. The pitch angle is not correlated with bar strength, and only weakly with spiral strength. The amplitude of spirals is correlated with bar strength (and less tightly, with bar length) for all types of spirals. The mean pitch angle is hardly correlated with the mass of the supermassive black hole (estimated from central stellar velocity dispersion), with central stellar mass concentration, or with shear, questioning previous results in the literature using smaller samples.

Conclusions. We do not find observational evidence that spiral arms are driven by stellar bars or by invariant manifolds. Most likely, discs that are prone to the development of strong bars are also reactive to the formation of prominent spirals, explaining the observed coupling between bar and spiral amplitudes.
Timing of PSR J2055+3829, an eclipsing black widow pulsar discovered with the Nançay Radio Telescope
Authors: Guillemot L. , Octau F. , Cognard I. , Desvignes G. , Freire P. C. C. , Smith D. A. , Theureau G. , Burnett T. H.
Published: August 2019

We report on the timing observations of the millisecond pulsar PSR J2055+3829 originally discovered as part of the SPAN512 survey conducted with the Nançay Radio Telescope. The pulsar has a rotational period of 2.089 ms and is in a tight 3.1 h orbit around a very low mass (0.023 ≤ mc ≲ 0.053 M⊙, 90% c.l.) companion. Our 1.4 GHz observations reveal the presence of eclipses of the radio signal of the pulsar, caused by the outflow of material from the companion, for a few minutes around superior conjunction of the pulsar. The very low companion mass, the observation of radio eclipses, and the detection of time variations of the orbital period establish PSR J2055+3829 as a “black widow” (BW) pulsar. Inspection of the radio signal from the pulsar during ingress and egress phases shows that the eclipses in PSR J2055+3829 are asymmetric and variable, as is commonly observed in other similar systems. More generally, the orbital properties of the new pulsar are found to be very similar to those of other known eclipsing BW pulsars. No gamma-ray source has been detected at the location of the pulsar in recent Fermi-LAT source catalogs. We used the timing ephemeris to search ten years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data for gamma-ray pulsations, but were unable to detect any. This non-detection could be a consequence of the large distance of the pulsar compared to those of known gamma-ray millisecond pulsars outside of globular clusters. We finally compared the mass functions of eclipsing and non-eclipsing BW pulsars and confirmed previous findings that eclipsing BWs have higher mass functions than their non-eclipsing counterparts. Larger inclinations could explain the higher mass functions of eclipsing BWs. On the other hand, the mass function distributions of Galactic disk and globular cluster BWs appear to be consistent, suggesting, despite the very different environments, the existence of common mechanisms taking place in the last stages of evolution of BWs.
Das sagittale Profil der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Grohs Josef Georg , Urach Florian
Published: August 2019

Das ermüdungsfreie Stehen ist eine zentrale Notwendigkeit des täglichen Lebens. Deformitäten der Wirbelsäule und postoperative Stellungen der Wirbelsäule können dieses Gleichgewicht empfindlich stören. Im letzten Jahrzehnt haben wir vermehrt darauf geachtet, die komplexen Zusammenhänge zu verstehen und das sagittale Profil in die Operationsplanung einzubeziehen.
Geschlechterunterschiede im Verlauf und Erfolg psychosomatischer Rehabilitation
Authors: Hörsten Nele von , Schulz Wolfgang , Gissendanner Scott Stock , Schmid-Ott Gerhard
Published: August 2019

Fragestellung Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Bedeutsamkeit des Geschlechts im Verlauf und Erfolg psychosomatischer Rehabilitation genauer zu bestimmen.

Methoden Die Stichprobe besteht aus 401 Rehabilitanden einer stationären psychosomatischen Rehabilitation, 72% Frauen, 28% Männer, Durchschnittsalter 49 Jahre. Sie wurden zu Rehabilitationsbeginn, -ende sowie 12 Monate danach befragt. Die Rücklaufquote zum Follow-up beträgt 74%.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zum Verlauf zeigen bei fast allen untersuchten Variablen signifikante Verbesserungen, am deutlichsten bei den ressourcenbezogenen bzw. klinischen Merkmalen (Selbstregulationsfähigkeit, Resilienz, Symptombelastung) und dem objektiven, für den Rehabilitationserfolg wichtigsten Indikator Return-to-Work. Allerdings zeigten die Untersuchungen der anderen arbeitsbezogenen Variablen geschlechtsunabhängig nur sehr geringe Verbesserungen (subjektive Prognose der Erwerbstätigkeit) oder eine Verringerung (Arbeitsmotivation). Die Effektstärken zu den Verbesserungen der ressourcenbezogenen und klinischen Merkmale liegen bei den Frauen (d=0,67 bis 1,35) etwas höher als bei den Männern (d=0,55 bis 0,93), obgleich die Return-to-Work-Rate bei Männern etwas höher ist (78 vs. 71%). Subgruppenanalysen kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass für beide Geschlechter eine unterdurchschnittliche Symptombelastung und eine hohe Resilienz vorteilhaft für die Rückkehr in den Beruf sind.

Schlussfolgerung Arbeitsplatzbezogenen Merkmalen sollte sowohl bei Frauen als auch bei Männern in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation eine größere Bedeutung eingeräumt werden.
Adipositas und körperliche Aktivität bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Wirth Alfred
Published: August 2019

Zur Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas ist vermehrte Bewegung von großer Bedeutung. Die Datenlage zur Prävention ist unzureichend, vermehrte Bewegung scheint eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen. Eine Abnahme von Körpergewicht, Körperfett und viszeralem Fett gelingt durch ein Ausdauertraining mit mittlerer und hoher Intensität am besten. Ein Krafttraining vermindert Körpergewicht und Körperfett kaum, erhält und erhöht jedoch die Muskelmasse nach einem intensiven Training. Zur Gewichtsabnahme ist eine Kombination aus Ausdauer- und Krafttraining am effektivsten. Nach einer alimentär induzierten Gewichtsabnahme ist ein umfangreiches Training erforderlich, um einen Gewichtsanstieg zu verhindern. Neben Auswirkungen auf das Körpergewicht und die Körperzusammensetzung hat vermehrte körperliche Aktivität Auswirkungen auf eine Reihe von Risikofaktoren, Krankheiten und die Lebensqualität.
Aus einem Tag werden zwei – ergotag West 2019
Authors: Gritsch Simone
Published: August 2019

Nach einer erfolgreichen Premiere 2018 findet der ergotag West zum zweiten Mal in Essen statt! Die Referenten stellen die Betätigung ins Zentrum der Veranstaltung und versprechen schon jetzt „ein Upgrade für die Ergotherapie“. Darüber hinaus können Sie sich dieses Jahr auf einen zweiten Kongresstag freuen – den interprofessionellen Tag „Team works!“.
Hospitalization in Pediatric Diabetes: A Nationwide Analysis of all
Admission Causes for Germany in 2015
Authors: Auzanneau Marie , Rosenbauer Joachim , Icks Andrea , Karges Beate , Neu Andreas , Ziegler Ralph , Marg Wolfgang , Kapellen Thomas , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Holl Reinhard W.
Published: August 2019

Introduction Regarding pediatric diabetes, hospital admission for
acute complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has often been investigated,
but little is known about other causes of hospitalization. This study aimed
to explore the total burden of hospitalization in individuals with
diabetes<20 years of age in Germany.

Methods Using the German Diagnosis-Related Groups data for 2015, we
examined the frequencies of hospitalization with diabetes (20 251
inpatient cases), stratified by diabetes type [T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D),
other specified diabetes types (T3D), and unclear diabetes], and without
diabetes (1 269 631 inpatient cases). Using estimates of the
population at risk with T1D, T2D, and without diabetes, we evaluated
hospitalization rates (per patient-year) by Poisson regression. For T1D,
T2D, and T3D, we investigated the most frequent diagnoses and the median
length of stay. Most analyses were stratified by sex, age-group and
east/west residence.

Results Children and adolescents with diabetes had a 6 to 9 times
higher hospitalization risk than peers without diabetes (hospitalization
rate 0.09). The hospitalization rate was higher for T2D compared with T1D
(0.84 vs. 0.53, P<0.001). In T2D, two-third of inpatient cases were
not directly related to diabetes, and stay was shorter compared with T1D and
T3D (3 vs. 4 and 5 days, respectively). In T1D, hospitalization was more
frequent among girls than boys (0.58 vs. 0.49, P<0.001), and mostly
due to “diabetes without complications” (65.7%).
Hospitalization tended to be more frequent and longer in the youngest
patients, and in those with east residence.

Conclusion Hospitalization rate in pediatric diabetes in Germany
remained high, especially for T2D patients, girls with T1D, and young
children.
Effect of Community Exercise for Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Qi-feng , Zhou Jie , Jiang Heng
Published: August 2019

Background Community exercise might be beneficial to stroke recovery. However, the results remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of community exercise on stroke patients.

Methods PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of community exercise vs. usual care on stroke were included. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. The primary outcome were 6-Minute walk test and walking speed. Metaanalysis was performed using random-effect model.

Results Four RCTs involving 497 patients were included in the metaanalysis. Overall, compared with control intervention, community exercise intervention was found to significantly improve 6-Minute walk distance (Std. mean difference=0.48; 95% CI=0.22 to 0.74; P=0.0003), and walking speed (Std. mean difference=0.40; 95% CI=0.10 to 0.70; P=0.009) in stroke patients, but resulted in no influence on Berg Balance Scale (Std. mean difference=0.39; 95% CI=−0.29 to 1.07; P=0.26), muscle strength (Std. mean difference=0.05; 95% CI=-0.34 to 0.43; P=0.82) and mental quality of life (Std. mean difference=0.04; 95% CI=−0.25 to 0.34; P=0.77).

Conclusions Compared to control intervention, community exercise was found to significantly increase 6-Minute walk test, walking speed and Berg Balance Scale, but showed no influence on Berg Balance Scale, muscle strength and mental quality of life.
Activation of Factor XII and Kallikrein-Kinin System Combined with Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Song Da Young , Gu Ja-Yoon , Yoo Hyun Ju , Kim Young Il , Nam-Goong Il Sung , Kim Eun Sook , Kim Hyun Kyung
Published: August 2019

Background In diabetic retinopathy (DR), neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and kallikrein-kinin system are considered as contributing factors. However, the detail activation mechanisms has not been fully understood. Since the NET could provide negative-charged surface for factor XII activation and the activated factor XII (XIIa) can initiate kallikrein-kinin system, this study investigated whether patients with DR show activation of NET, factor XII and kallikrein-kinin system.

Methods The markers related to NET (DNA-histone complex) and kallikrein-kinin system (high-molecular-weight kininogen, prekallikrein, bradykinin) and factor XIIa were measured in 253 patients with diabetes. To access ex vivo effect of glucose, DNA-histone complex and factor XIIa were measured in whole blood stimulated by glucose.

Results The circulating level of DNA-histone complex and factor XIIa were significantly higher in patients with DR than those without DR. In logistic regression analysis, DNA-histone complex, factor XIIa, and high-molecular-weight kininogen were the risk factors of DR. In recursive partitioning analysis, among patients with diabetes duration less than 10 years, patients with high level of DNA-histone complex (>426 AU) showed high risk of DR. In ex vivo experiment, glucose significantly elevated both DNA-histone complex and factor XIIa.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that activation of factor XII and kallikrein-kinin system combined with NET formation actively occur in patients with DR and circulating levels of DNA-histone complex, factor XIIa and HMWK can be potential biomarkers to estimate the risk of DR. Strategies against factor XII activation may be beneficial to inhibit DR.
Moderate Associations of Muscle Elasticity of the Hamstring with Hip Joint Flexibility
Authors: Miyamoto Naokazu , Hirata Kosuke
Published: August 2019

The main purpose of the present study was to identify whether and to what extent the individual differences in range of motion and stiffness of the hip joint can account for that in muscle elasticity of the hamstring. Hip extension torque and shear moduli (a measure of elasticity) of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus were assessed in 21 young males during unilateral passive hip flexion in the knee-extended position from the anatomical position to the individual’s maximal hip flexion angle. Muscle shear modulus was quantified by using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The maximal hip flexion angle correlated negatively with the shear modulus of each muscle (−0.750 ≤ r ≤ −0.612). The joint stiffness correlated positively with the shear modulus of each muscle (0.711 ≤ r ≤ 0.747). These findings suggest that hip flexion ROM and joint stiffness can reflect significantly but only moderately the muscle elasticity of the hamstring.
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Level and Tissue Doppler Echocardiography as a Tool in Identification of Cardiac Effects in the Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Uysal Celil , Arslan Derya , Buyukinan Muammer , Gederet Yavuz Turgut , Vatansev Husamettin , Ozcelik Huseyin Samet
Published: August 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of growth-differentiation factor-15 level and tissue Doppler imaging in the detection of cardiomyopathy in children who have type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods Thirty-eight patients (11 males and 27 females) with type 1 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The control group consisted of 40 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. All children underwent a detailed echocardiography, which contained an m-mode, pulse Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging; and growth-differentiation factor-15 level was measured.

Results In this study, there were significant differences between diastolic function parameters of the heart. The mitral isovolumic contraction time, contraction time, and isovolumic relaxation time values were different in the patients than in the controls (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, respectively). Also, the tricuspid isovolumic contraction time, contraction time, and isovolumic relaxation time values were different in the patients than in the controls (p<0.01, p=0.01, p<0.01, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between the other M-mode parameters. Mean plasma growth-differentiation factor-15 level was significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls (p<0.01).

Conclusion The follow-up of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in terms of cardiomyopathy and the use of tissue Doppler imaging and growth differentiation factor-15 levels may be useful.
Lung and Abdominal Biopsies in the Age of Precision Medicine
Authors: Dalag Leonard , Fergus Jonathan K. , Zangan Steven M.
Published: August 2019

Image-guided percutaneous needle biopsies (PNBs) are one of the most common procedures performed in radiology departments today. Rapid developments in precision medicine, which identifies molecular and genomic biomarkers in cancers, have ushered a new paradigm of oncologic workup and treatment. PNB has conventionally been used to establish a benign or malignant nature of a lesion during initial diagnosis or in suspected metastatic or recurrent disease. However, increasing amounts of tissue are being required to meet the demands of molecular pathologic analysis, which are now being sought at multiple time points during the course of the disease to guide targeted therapy. As primary providers of biopsy, radiologists must be proactive in these developments to improve diagnostic yield and tissue acquisition in PNB. Herein, we discuss the important and expanding role of PNB in the age of precision medicine and review the technical considerations of percutaneous lung and intra-abdominal biopsy. Finally, we examine promising state-of-the-art techniques in PNB that may safely increase tissue acquisition for optimal molecular pathologic analysis.
Irreversible Electroporation of the Pancreas
Authors: Chan Gabriel , Pua Uei
Published: August 2019

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a relatively recent method of ablation. In contrast to many ablation devices that use thermal methods to induce cell death, IRE employs the use of an electric field to cause irreversible permeability of the cell membrane, thus inducing apoptosis. Since its use in the pancreas was first described in 2012, IRE has become established as part of the armamentarium of ablation devices currently available. The crucial advantage of IRE compared with other devices employing thermal ablation is the safety around vital structures such as vessels and ducts. This is especially important in the pancreas due to the close proximity of multiple major vascular structures, biliary ducts, and adjacent gastrointestinal organs. This article will explore the current evidence regarding the use of IRE in the pancreas.
Measurement of temperature dependent absorption coefficient of water at 1064nm wavelength
Authors: Semak V. V. , Gerakis A. , Shneider M. N.
Published: August 2019

Measurements of the water absorption coefficient at a laser wavelength of 1064 nm are reported as a function of water temperature. A low power laser beam was used as the probe. The measurement net procedure took into consideration the absorption of the cuvette, while it included detection of bubble formation on the walls of the measurement cuvette and in the water volume. The measurements indicate that the absorption coefficient of water slightly increases in the range of temperatures below 40 °C, reaches maximum and then significantly decreases in the range of temperatures 40 °C – 70 °C. The significant decrease of the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient supports the supposition that a high transparency of water can be achieved.
Shock induced plasticity and phase transition in single crystal lead by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li Guomeng , Wang Yabin , Wang Kun , Xiang Meizhen , Chen Jun
Published: August 2019

Shock-induced plasticity and phase transition in single crystal lead are investigated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Under dynamic shock loading, the appearance of plasticity in materials precedes that of phase transition. Plasticity mainly causes two effects: one is that plasticity has a significant relaxation effect on shear stress, and the other is that deformation twinning serves as important nucleation sites for the phase transition. This twinning is caused by mutual impediments among different cross-slips and {111} slips. There are three main stages in the dynamic phase transition process of lead: fcc → bcc-like phase transition, plasticity, and hcp phase formation and growth. Moreover, phase transition has a more significant relaxation effect on shear stress, which relaxes the shear stress to a minimum value. The spall strength of lead decreases as the shock intensity increases, but its rate of decrease under different shock intensities is different. Plasticity, especially phase transition, would obviously result in a lower rate of decrease in spall strength.
Lattice dynamics for isochorically heated metals: A model study
Authors: Ono Shota
Published: August 2019

The electron-excitation induced bond strength variations in metals have been predicted from density-functional theory calculations and observed experimentally, while the microscopic mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Here, we present a minimal model that reproduces the phonon hardening and softening for fcc- and bcc-structured metals as a result of the electron thermal excitation. For the cases of bcc-structured metals, a delicate balance between the first and second nearest neighbor force constants leads to a phonon softening at the N point.
Direct digitalized phase comparison between signals with different nominal frequencies
Authors: Li Zhiqi , Xue Chenyuan , Zhou Wei , Chen Xiaolong , Yang Ning
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the direct digitalized phase comparison which has phase continuous and high resolution is proposed to measure the phase variation of the high-precision frequency standard with different nominal frequencies. During the least common multiple period, the phase difference between the two comparison signals is regular, therefore the phase comparison between arbitrary frequency signals is achieved directly through using a high-speed analog-to-digital converter as the counter and the equivalent phase-detecter. By experiments and analysis, it was shown that no-interval frequency measurement can be converted into the phase difference measurement and the frequency stability evaluated as the Allan deviation accords with the change law of 1/τ.
Study on magnetocaloric and thermoelectric application potential of ferromagnetic compound CeCrGe3
Authors: Synoradzki Karol , Das Debarchan , Frąckowiak Adrianna , Szymański Damian , Skokowski Przemysław , Kaczorowski Dariusz
Published: August 2019

We report on the magnetocaloric and thermoelectric properties of CeCrGe3. The compound crystallizes in the BaNiO3-type crystal structure (space group P63/mmc, no. 194, hP10) and undergoes paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at 70 K, close to the temperature of nitrogen condensation. The transition is found to be second order in nature as evidenced from the Arrott plot analysis. The reversible magnetocaloric effect was observed at low temperature with the magnetic entropy change reaching ΔSm = −2.2 J/(kg K) around 70 K in a magnetic field change of 5 T, with the relative cooling power of RCP = 57 J/kg and the adiabatic temperature change of ΔTad = 0.8 K. The electrical resistivity of CeCrGe3 shows a metalliclike behavior up to 900 K. The Seebeck coefficient remains positive from 2 K up to 900 K and reveals a broad maximum with Smax = 18 μV/K at 300 K. The thermal conductivity near room temperature is of the order of 5.3 W/(m K), resulting in a small value of thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 0.005.
Effect of illumination on the interplay between Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit couplings in InAs quantum wells
Authors: Cimpoiasu E. , Dunphy B. R. , Mack S. , Christodoulides J. A. , Lunsford-Poe B. , Bennett B. R.
Published: August 2019

We studied the dependence on carrier density of the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and of the semiconducting properties of a thin n-type InAs quantum well in the limit of high carrier density, when the second subband starts to populate. Measurements of sheet and Hall resistances were performed in a variable magnetic field, temperature, and under illumination with wavelengths of 400 nm up to 1300 nm. Beats in the Shubnikov de Haas oscillations indicated the presence of strong spin–orbit coupling, and the fast Fourier transforms of the oscillations point toward the presence of both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit interactions. We used simulations to extract the carrier density dependence of the SOCs, based on the Hamiltonian of a single subband 2D electron system with both types of spin–orbit interactions and subject to a perpendicular magnetic field. The results indicate that the Rashba coefficient decreases with increasing the carrier concentration, with an accelerated decrease close to the transition to double occupancy. The Dresselhaus coefficient is not only smaller but also drops in the proximity of the transition, together with the carrier mobility and the Landau level broadening energy. This behavior is discussed in the context of phenomena associated with the onset of double occupancy and based on intersubband interactions.
Improving polarization detection for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Kish Stacy W.
Published: August 2019

Researchers improve on a polarization detector by integrating a plasmonic cavity with a graphene phototransistor to enhance high-performance optoelectronic applications.