bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doxiciclina em pacientes com linfangioleiomiomatose: segurança e eficácia no bloqueio de metaloproteinases
Authors: Pimenta Suzana Pinheiro , Baldi Bruno Guedes , Acencio Milena Marques Pagliarelli , Kairalla Ronaldo Adib , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro
Published: August 2011

OBJETIVO: A linfangioleiomiomatose (LAM) é caracterizada pela presença de cistos pulmonares, cuja formação está associada à hiperreatividade de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP), principalmente MMP-2 e MMP-9. Objetivamos comparar os níveis dessas MMPs entre pacientes com LAM e controles saudáveis, assim como avaliar, nas pacientes com LAM, a segurança e a eficácia do tratamento com doxiciclina, um potente inibidor de MMPs. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico prospectivo no qual as pacientes com LAM receberam doxiciclina (100 mg/dia) por seis meses, coletando-se amostras de urina e sangue para a dosagem de MMP-2 e MMP-9 antes e ao final do período. Foram ainda obtidas amostras de 10 mulheres saudáveis. RESULTADOS: De 41 pacientes com LAM que iniciaram o tratamento, 34 concluíram o protocolo. Os níveis de MMP-9 sérica e urinária foram significativamente inferiores no grupo controle (p < 0,0001). Comparando-se os valores antes e após o tratamento, a mediana do nível sérico da MMP-9 reduziu de 919 ng/mL para 871 ng/mL (p = 0,05), enquanto a mediana da dosagem urinária de MMP-9 diminui de 11.558 pg/mL para 7.315 pg/mL (p = 0,10). A mediana da MMP-2 sérica apresentou um decréscimo significativo após o tratamento (p = 0,04). Não foram detectados níveis de MMP-2 urinária. Epigastralgia, náuseas e diarreia foram os efeitos adversos mais prevalentes, e geralmente autolimitados. Apenas 1 paciente interrompeu o tratamento devido a efeitos colaterais. CONCLUSÕES: Pela primeira vez, conseguiu-se evidenciar em pacientes com LAM a redução dos níveis séricos e urinários de MMPs após o uso de doxiciclina, que se mostrou uma medicação segura, com efeitos colaterais leves e toleráveis.
Respiração bucal e anteriorização da cabeça: efeitos na biomecânica respiratória e na capacidade de exercício em crianças
Authors: Okuro Renata Tiemi , Morcillo André Moreno , Ribeiro Maria Ângela Gonçalves Oliveira , Sakano Eulália , Conti Patrícia Blau Margosian , Ribeiro José Dirceu
Published: August 2011

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tolerância ao exercício submáximo e a força muscular respiratória em relação à anteriorização da cabeça (AC) e ao tipo respiratório em crianças com respiração bucal (RB) ou nasal (RN). MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico transversal com um grupo controle no qual foram incluídas crianças de 8 a 12 anos com diagnóstico clínico otorrinolaringológico de RB, recrutadas do Ambulatório do Respirador Bucal do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (SP), entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011. Os critérios de exclusão foram obesidade, asma, doenças respiratórias crônicas, cardiopatias e distúrbios neurológicos ou ortopédicos. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação postural, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e determinação de PImáx e PEmáx. RESULTADOS: Das 92 crianças do estudo, 30 tinham RB e 62 tinham RN. No grupo RB, não houve diferenças nas médias de PImáx, PEmáx e distância percorrida pelo TC6 (DTC6) entre o grupo com AC classificada como grave ou moderada e aquele com AC normal (p = 0,622; p = 0,957; e p = 0,079, respectivamente). No grupo RN, as médias de PImáx e PEmáx foram maiores no grupo com AC moderada do que naquele com AC normal (p = 0,003 e p = 0,004, respectivamente). Os valores de PImáx, PEmáx e DTC6 foram menores no grupo RB do que no grupo RN. A presença de AC moderada determinou maiores valores de PImáx e PEmáx. CONCLUSÕES: A RB afetou negativamente a biomecânica respiratória e a capacidade de exercício. A presença de AC moderada atuou como um mecanismo de compensação para uma melhor função da musculatura respiratória.
Cessação de tabagismo em pacientes de um hospital universitário em Curitiba
Authors: Silva Rodney Luiz Frare e , Carmes Eliane Ribeiro , Schwartz Alain Felipe , Blaszkowski Denise de Souza , Cirino Raphael Henrique Déa , Ducci Renata Dal-Prá
Published: August 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de tabagismo e do aconselhamento para a cessação do tabagismo em um grupo de pacientes de um hospital universitário, assim como comparar a carga tabágica entre fumantes e ex-fumantes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 629 pacientes do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, localizado em Curitiba. RESULTADOS: Dos 629 pacientes, 206 (32,7%) eram do sexo masculino, 76 (12,1%) eram fumantes, 179 (28,5%) eram ex-fumantes, e 374 (59,5%) eram não fumantes. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 49,9 ± 15,0 anos (variação: 18-84 anos). Dos 76 fumantes e 179 ex-fumantes, 72 (94,7%) e 166 (92,7%), respectivamente, foram indagados sobre o hábito de fumar. A carga tabágica e o grau de dependência de nicotina foram maiores entre os ex-fumantes (p = 0,0292 e p = 0,0125, respectivamente). Gênero, idade ao início do tabagismo, questionamento médico sobre hábito de fumar e orientação para cessação do fumo foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. O índice de cessação de tabagismo foi de 0,70. A prevalência de fumo pesado variou entre os gêneros e as faixas etárias - maior entre os homens e na faixa etária de 41-70 anos. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de tabagismo neste grupo de pacientes foi menor do que a observada em pacientes de outro hospital universitário e na população adulta de Curitiba e do Brasil. O índice de cessação do tabagismo foi maior do que o da população de Curitiba. Fumantes e ex-fumantes diferiram em relação à idade, à carga tabágica e ao grau de dependência. Fumo pesado e dependência média ou elevada não impediram cessação do tabagismo.
Tabagismo em pacientes internados em um hospital universitário
Authors: Ferreira Ângela Santos , Campos Antonio Carlos Ferreira , Santos Isabela Pereira Arraes dos , Beserra Mariana Roque , Silva Eduardo Nani , Fonseca Vilma Aparecida da Silva
Published: August 2011

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e as características de tabagismo em pacientes internados em um hospital universitário e investigar sua motivação, interesse e necessidade de ajuda para parar de fumar. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de pacientes internados nas enfermarias de cardiologia do Hospital Universitário Antonio Pedro, localizado em Niterói (RJ), entre maio de 2008 e abril de 2009. Foi administrado um questionário contendo perguntas sobre dados demográficos, motivo de internação e sua condição em relação ao hábito tabágico. Os pacientes tabagistas responderam perguntas adicionais sobre o hábito de fumar. A avaliação da dependência de nicotina foi realizada com o Teste Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina. RESULTADOS: Dos 136 pacientes internados que participaram do estudo, 68 (50,0%) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 60,7 anos. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 13,2%. Dos 49 pacientes internados com diagnóstico de doença coronariana, 36 (73,5%) eram fumantes ou ex-fumantes. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou elevado grau de dependência à nicotina e relatou sintomas de abstinência durante a internação. Apesar de estarem motivados para parar de fumar, os pacientes relataram necessidade de ajuda para abandonar o tabagismo. CONCLUSÕES: Devido à restrição do ato de fumar em ambiente hospitalar e à elevada motivação dos pacientes, deve-se aproveitar o momento da internação para promover a cessação do tabagismo.
Comparação da acurácia de preditores de mortalidade na pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica
Authors: Seligman Renato , Seligman Beatriz Graeff Santos , Teixeira Paulo José Zimermann
Published: August 2011

OBJETIVO: Níveis de procalcitonina, midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP, pró-peptídeo natriurético atrial midregional),, C-terminal provasopressin (copeptina), proteína C reativa (CRP) e escore do Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) são associados a gravidade e descritos como preditores de desfechos na pneumonia associada a ventilação mecânica (PAVM). Este estudo procurou comparar o valor preditivo de mortalidade desses biomarcadores na PAVM. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional com 71 pacientes com PAVM. Níveis de procalcitonina, MR-proANP, copeptina e PCR, bem como escore de SOFA foram obtidos no dia do diagnóstico de PAVM, designado dia zero (D0), e no quarto dia de tratamento (D4) Os pacientes receberam tratamento antimicrobiano empírico, com modificações baseadas nos resultados de cultura. Os pacientes que morreram antes de D28 foram classificados como não sobreviventes. RESULTADOS: Dos 71 pacientes, 45 sobreviveram. Dos 45 sobreviventes, 35 (77,8%) receberam tratamento antimicrobiano adequado, comparados com 18 (69,2%) dos 26 não sobreviventes (p = 0,57). Os sobreviventes apresentaram valores significativamente mais baixos em todos os biomarcadores estudados, inclusive no escore de SOFA (exceto PCR) em D0 e D4. Em D0 e D4, a área sob a curva ROC foi maior para procalcitonina. Em D0, MR-proANP teve a maior razão de verossimilhança positiva (2,71) e valor preditivo positivo (0,60), mas a procalcitonina apresentou o maior valor preditivo negativo (0,87). Em D4, a procalcitonina apresentou a maior razão de verossimilhança positiva (3,46), o maior valor preditivo positivo (0,66) e o maior valor preditivo negativo (0,93). CONCLUSIONS: Os biomarcadores procalcitonina, MR-proANP e copeptina podem predizer mortalidade na PAVM, assim como o escore de SOFA. A procalcitonina tem o maior poder preditivo de mortalidade na PAVM.
Desfechos do retratamento de pacientes com tuberculose com o uso do esquema 3 em Porto Alegre, Brasil
Authors: Picon Pedro Dornelles , Rizzon Carlos Fernando Carvalho , Bassanesi Sergio Luiz , Silva Luiz Carlos Correa da , Giustina Maria de Lourdes Della
Published: August 2011

OBJETIVO: Descrever os desfechos do retratamento de pacientes com tuberculose com o uso do esquema 3 (estreptomicina, etambutol, etionamida e pirazinamida por 3 meses + etambutol e etionamida por 9 meses) devido à falência do tratamento com o esquema básico (rifampicina, isoniazida e pirazinamida por 2 meses + rifampicina e isoniazida por 4 meses). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de coorte histórica, não controlada, com adultos que foram tratados com o esquema 3. Foram avaliados os desfechos desse tratamento, as reações adversas aos fármacos, as recidivas e os fatores associados. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 229 pacientes. A taxa de cura geral foi de 62%. Entre os pacientes que usaram a medicação regularmente e aqueles que a usaram irregularmente, a taxa de cura foi de 88% e 31%, respectivamente. Observaram-se reações adversas em 95 pacientes (41,5%), principalmente digestivas. Ocorreram 17 recidivas (12,0%) nos cinco anos de seguimento. CONCLUSIONS: Os desfechos com o uso do esquema 3, em geral, não foram satisfatórios, pois esse esquema foi aplicado em uma população selecionada com alto risco de não adesão ao tratamento e apresenta altas taxas de reações adversas, especialmente as de tipo digestivo, possivelmente causadas pela etionamida. No entanto, para aqueles que conseguiram tomar a medicação regularmente, a taxa de cura foi satisfatória. A taxa de recidiva foi superior àquela preconizada por consensos internacionais, possivelmente devido ao tempo de tratamento curto (apenas 12 meses). Acreditamos que o esquema 3 estendido para 18 meses poderia ser uma alternativa para pacientes com comprovada adesão ao tratamento.
Metástase cutânea como primeira manifestação de adenocarcinoma pulmonar
Authors: Pantarotto Marcos , Lombo Liliana , Pereira Helena , Araújo Antonio
Published: August 2011

Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino de 58 anos de idade, que foi encaminhado para a consulta de oncologia por apresentar uma massa epigástrica de crescimento rápido em três meses de evolução. A investigação diagnóstica revelou tratar-se de um adenocarcinoma pulmonar metastático estádio IV. Recebeu cinco ciclos de cisplatina e gemcitabina como tratamento de primeira linha, que foi interrompido devido a efeitos adversos. Houve estabilidade da doença pulmonar e progressão cutânea. Recebeu pemetrexed como tratamento de segunda linha e radioterapia externa concomitante, com boa tolerância e regressão completa da massa epigástrica. Entretanto, o paciente faleceu três meses após o tratamento. Destacamos aqui importância da multidisciplinaridade e do seu papel na individualização do tratamento.
Sobre performances y efectos performativos: género, juventud y seducción femenina
Authors: Bianciotti María Celeste
Published: August 2011

El artículo analiza prácticas de seducción de mujeres jóvenes heterosexuales de entre 19 y 30 años, de sectores medios y medios-altos de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, que al momento de ser entrevistadas (en 2009 y 2010) eran estudiantes universitarias o profesionales recién graduadas. Se abordan sus prácticas de seducción como "performances sociales" y "conducta convencionalizada". La seducción es tratada a la luz de su dimensión performática y performativa, centrando el análisis en los estilos estético-corporales y en los efectos ilocutorios del acto de decir/hacer de la seducción. Se delinean, por último, los devenires subjetivos que se estarían configurando en el marco de dichas experiencias particulares.
La sociedad de los espejos rotos: apuntes para una sociología de la gaycidad
Authors: Meccia Ernesto
Published: August 2011

Este artículo presenta evidencias empíricas y elementos conceptuales para construir la noción de "gaycidad", entendida como una experiencia social distinguible de la experiencia social homosexual. La hipótesis principal sostiene que la gaycidad es heredera de procesos de des-diferenciación social que posibilitan procesos diferenciadores al interior del mundo gay. Si bien está referida a la ciudad argentina de Buenos Aires, aporta reflexiones tendientes a la comparación con otros grandes centros metropolitanos de la región latinoamericana.
From Remediation to Acceleration: Recruiting, Retaining, and Graduating Future Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Educators
Authors: Herrera Socorro G. , Morales Amanda R. , Holmes Melissa A. , Terry Dawn Herrera
Published: August 2011

This ethnographic case study explores one mid-western state university's response to the challenge of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD), especially Latino/a, student recruitment and retention. BESITOS (Bilingual/Bicultural Education Students Interacting To Obtain Success) is an integrated teacher preparation program implemented at a predominantly White university that seeks to both increase Latino/a students' initial access to higher education and provide institutional support to facilitate a high rate of graduation. The researchers consider key elements of the BESITOS program model as they relate to and support the sociocultural, linguistic, academic, and cognitive dimensions of the CLD student biography. For each dimension, the program model is first placed in the context of existing literature on CLD student education. The key elements and strategies of the program model used to successfully meet recruitment and retention goals are then discussed.
Implementation and Experience of an Alternative QF-PCR and MLPA Diagnostic Strategy to Detect Chromosomal Abnormalities in Fetal and Neonatal Pathology Samples
Authors: McClelland Louise S. , Allen Stephanie K. , Larkins Simon A. , Hamilton Susan J. , Marton Tamas , Cox Phillip M. , Hargitai Beata , Johnston Elizabeth H. , Morgan Claire , Hardy Graham
Published: August 2011

Chromosomal abnormalities are a significant cause of pregnancy loss. Solid tissue fetal and neonatal pathology samples are routinely examined by karyotype analysis after cell culture. However, there is a high failure rate, and this approach is expensive and labor intensive. We have therefore evaluated a new molecular strategy involving quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and subtelomere multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis. A retrospective audit showed that less than 4% of abnormal cases may not be detected by this molecular strategy. We validated this strategy in parallel with cytogenetic analysis on 110 patient samples, which included cases of fetal loss, still birth, neonatal death, termination of pregnancy, recurrent miscarriage, and sudden unexpected death in infancy. This validation showed that 55 of the 57 samples that gave a result for both strategies were concordant. During the 1st year of diagnostic testing, we analyzed 382 samples by the molecular strategy. A 16% abnormality rate was observed. These included trisomies 13, 18, 21, monosomy X, and triploidy detected by QF-PCR (77%), and 23% were other trisomies and subtelomere imbalances detected by MLPA. This strategy had a 92% success rate in contrast to the 20%-30% failure rate observed with cell culture and cytogenetic analysis. We conclude that QF-PCR and subtelomere MLPA is a suitable strategy for analysis of the majority of fetal and neonatal pathology samples, with many advantages over conventional cytogenetic analysis.
Ductus Arteriosus Aneurysm with Massive Thrombosis of Pulmonary Artery and Fetal Hydrops
Authors: Sheridan Rachel M. , Michelfelder Erik C. , Choe Kyuran A. , Divanovic Allison , Liu Cong , Ware Stephanie , Stanek Jerzy
Published: August 2011

Ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA) is a rare cardiovascular lesion usually diagnosed within the first 2 months of life, or less frequently in the 3rd trimester, by antenatal sonography. The true in utero incidence of DAA is unknown, as most affected fetuses are asymptomatic at birth. Potential complications include thromboembolism, rupture, and death. We report a unique lethal case of a large DAA detected by mid–2nd trimester fetal echocardiography, complicated by stricture and massive occlusive thrombosis extending into the pulmonary artery branches. Stricture and thrombosis of the DAA led to interruption of fetal circulation, cardiac failure, and fetal hydrops, ultimately resulting in fetal demise.
Comparison of Earthworms (Lumbricidae) and Oribatid Mite (Acari, Oribatida) Communities in Natural and Urban Ecosystems
Authors: Murvanidze M. , Kvavadze E. , Mumladze L. , Arabuli T.
Published: August 2011

Comparison of Earthworms (Lumbricidae) and Oribatid Mite (Acari, Oribatida) Communities in Natural and Urban Ecosystems

This study investigates earthworm and oribatid mite communities in urban, semi-natural and natural ecosystems of Tbilisi (Georgia). Ten species of earthworms and 100 species of oribatid mites were registered in 45 soil samples. Two species of oribatid mites,Microzetes auxilarisGrandjean, 1936 andMultioppia lanisetaMoritz, 1966, are new for the Caucasian fauna. We hypothesized that species number and abundance of invertebrate animals tend to decrease from natural to urban ecosystems. The hypothesis was supported only partially. Number of species of oribatid mites and earthworms decreased together with increase of urbanization, whereas abundance showed no significant changes due to high density of stress tolerant and ubiquitous species in urban sites. Accordingly, species abundance is considered to have minor indicatory value. Our studies support ecological "time-hypothesis" in a way that older (natural) sites were presented with more diverse fauna than recent (urban) ones. Statistical analyses showed that studied ecosystems should be grouped in two rather than three categories: in urban and natural ones.
Phrygian Glosses in Pseudo-Plutarch's Work De Fluviis
Authors: Kaczyńska Elwira
Published: August 2011

Phrygian Glosses in Pseudo-Plutarch's Work De Fluviis

The aim of my study is to discuss three Phrygian glosses attested in Pseudo-Plutarch's work Περιπoταμων and explain them from the etymological and historical-comparative point of view. It is concluded finally that all the glosses should be regarded as a real and valuable part of the Phrygian language.
The Sounds of Europe
Authors: Stolz Thomas , Urdze Aina , Otsuka Hitomi
Published: August 2011

The Sounds of Europe

This article is meant to demonstrate not only that it is possible technically but that it also makes sense linguistically to study phonological phenomena in a pan-European perspective. To prove our point, we employ the current comparative methodology associated with the framework of typologically-inspired areal linguistics. The data are evaluated quantitatively. We focus on the classes of velar and post-velar fricatives with phoneme status. Our investigation is based empirically on data drawn from a sample of 157 contemporary varieties spoken in Europe. Our results are indicative of a non-random distribution of the above classes of phonemes. Genetic, typological and areal factors are discussed as potential explanations of the observed geo-linguistic distribution of velar and post-velar fricatives on European soil. The general conclusion we draw is that it is high time to develop a research program which is dedicated to the continent-wide in-depth study of the phonological make-up of Europe.
Estimation of the Fundamental Frequency of the Speech Signal Compressed by G.723.1 Algorithm Applying PCC Interpolation
Authors: Milivojević Zoran , Brodić Darko
Published: August 2011

Estimation of the Fundamental Frequency of the Speech Signal Compressed by G.723.1 Algorithm Applying PCC Interpolation

In this paper the results of the estimation of the fundamental frequency of the speech signal modeled by the G.723.1 method are analyzed. The estimation of the fundamental frequency was performed by the Peaking-Peaks algorithm with the implemented Parametric Cubic Convolution (PCC) interpolation. The efficiency of PCC was tested for Keys, Greville and Greville two-parametric kernel. Depending on MSE a window that gives optimal results was chosen.
Environment Recognition for Digital Audio Forensics Using MPEG-7 and MEL Cepstral Features
Authors: Muhammad Ghulam , Alghathbar Khalid
Published: August 2011

Environment Recognition for Digital Audio Forensics Using MPEG-7 and MEL Cepstral Features

Environment recognition from digital audio for forensics application is a growing area of interest. However, compared to other branches of audio forensics, it is a less researched one. Especially less attention has been given to detect environment from files where foreground speech is present, which is a forensics scenario. In this paper, we perform several experiments focusing on the problems of environment recognition from audio particularly for forensics application. Experimental results show that the task is easier when audio files contain only environmental sound than when they contain both foreground speech and background environment. We propose a full set of MPEG-7 audio features combined with mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) to improve the accuracy. In the experiments, the proposed approach significantly increases the recognition accuracy of environment sound even in the presence of high amount of foreground human speech.
A Stewart Platform as a FBW Flight Control Unit
Authors: Ömürlü Vasfi , Yildiz İbrahim
Published: August 2011

A Stewart Platform as a FBW Flight Control Unit

A variety of flight control units have been put into realization for navigational purposes of spatially moving vehicles (SMV), which is mostly manipulated by 2 or 3 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) joysticks. Since motion in space consists of three translational motions in forward, side and vertical directions and three rotational motions about these axis; with present joystick interfaces, spatial vehicles has to employ more than one navigational control unit to be able to navigate on all required directions. In this study, a 3 × 3 Stewart-Platform-based FBW (Fly-By-Wire) flight control unit with force feedback is presented which will provide single point manipulation of any SMVs along three translational and about three rotational axis. Within the frame of this paper, design, capability and the advantages of the novel system is mentioned. Kinematics of a Stewart Platform (SP) mechanism employed and its motion potentials is presented by simulations and workspace of the system is evaluated. Dynamic analysis by Bond-Graph approach will be mentioned. Mechatronic design of the complete structure is discussed and force reflection capability of the system with simulations is pointed out using stiffness control. Finally, the possible future work of the subject is discussed which may include the feasible solutions of the SP in terms of size and safety when implementing inside a cockpit.
A Case Study of a New Spot Welding Electrode Which has the Best Current Density by Magnetic Analysis Solutions
Authors: Tarimer İlhan , Arslan Serdal , Güven Emin , Karabaş Muhammet
Published: August 2011

A Case Study of a New Spot Welding Electrode Which has the Best Current Density by Magnetic Analysis Solutions

At the present time work of spot welding is being broadly used at automotive applications which need serial production process and at part unification. In order to create a high quality spot welding time of welding, electric current intensity, junction, stress, and diameter of electrodes point must be considered earlier, Geometry of electrode point and current density are important for increasing quality at spot welding. In this study, Enose, Bnose and parabolic (ParaCap) type electrode geometries have been considered during design processes. Meanwhile, CMW 73, CMW 100, CMW 353, Elkaloy D, Elkaloy 20, Copper alloyed electrode types have been analyzed by using a magnetic analyzes software. The results helped to determine the best suitable electrode type which gives the best current density amongst different alloys and electrode shapes for the spot welding machines which have same diameter of electrode point.
Searching and researching together!
Authors: Marušič Dragan
Published: August 2011

Searching and researching together!
Internal auditing as a tool for improving efficiency in public health
Authors: Kovač Irma
Published: August 2011

Notranja revizija kot orodje za izboljšanje učinkovitosti poslovodenja v javnem zdravstvu

Notranjerevizijska dejavnost je dejavnost sodobnega časa. V Sloveniji v obdobju zadnjih desetih let zaznavamo izredno hiter razvoj in uveljavitev notranjega nadzora javnih financ na področju organizacij javnega zdravstva. Za proračunske uporabnike je notranjerevizijska dejavnost tudi predpisana z zakonom. Kot taka postaja v zadnjem času vse bolj vpeta tudi v poslovanje javnih zdravstvenih zavodov. Njeno delovanje označuje preizkušanje in ocenjevanje zadovoljivosti delovanja sistema notranjih kontrol in svetovanje pri njegovem izboljševanju zato, da bi zagotovili učinkovito in uspešno obvladovanje poslovnih tveganj bolnišnice. Poslovno tveganje razumemo kot vsak neugoden dogodek, ki vpliva na učinkovito in uspešno doseganje zastavljenih ciljev javnega zdravstvenega zavoda. Za obvladovanje tveganj je sicer odgovorno poslovodstvo, notranja revizija pa mu pri tem nudi ustrezno podporo. Svoje poslanstvo lahko notranja revizija izpolni uspešno le pod pogojem, da ima poslovodstvo ustrezno védenje in znanje o notranji reviziji.
Le risque comme construction sociale et la construction sociale des risques
Authors: García-Acosta Virginia
Published: August 2011

The concept of “social construction“ associated with risks has proved to be an increasingly useful analytical tool among disaster experts. However, as is natural with the creation and evolution of theoretical concepts to explain reality, it has acquired different meanings. This, in some cases, has generated some confusion in its use. This paper attempts to clarify some of the variations of the concept “social construction of risk“ by studying and reviewing its main usages and contents. In particular, it looks at the concept's association with perception and with vulnerability. It is basically a theoretical essay intended to help scholars who study disasters so they can use more fluently one of the concepts that will allow them to better comprehend the object of their studies.

Spanish
El concepto de “construcción social“ asociado con los riesgos ha demostrado una utilidad analítica cada vez mayor entre los estudiosos de los desastres. Sin embargo, como es natural que ocurra en la generación y evolución de planteamientos teóricos para la interpretación de la realidad, se le han atribuido significados diversos. Lo anterior ha contribuido en algunos casos a confusiones en su utilización. Este ensayo pretende contribuir a esclarecer algunas de las variaciones en el uso del concepto “construcción social del riesgo“ por medio del estudio y revisión de los principales manejos y contenidos que se le han dado, particularmente dos de ellos: el que lo asocia con la percepción y el que lo hace con la vulnerabilidad. Se trata de un ensayo básicamente de corte teórico, cuyo objetivo último es aportar elementos para que los estudiosos de los desastres puedan disponer con mayor fluidez de uno de los conceptos que permitan comprender el objeto de su estudio con más destreza.

French
Le concept de « construction sociale » associé aux risques a démontré une utilité grandissante en tant qu'outil d'analyse pour les spécialistes qui étudient les catastrophes. Toutefois, comme c'est le cas de tout processus naturel de création et de développement des approches théoriques qui servent à l'interprétation de la réalité, des significations diverses ont été données à ce concept. Ce e diversité a contribué dans certains cas à créer des confusions dans son utilisation. Le présent article éclaircit des variations du concept de construction sociale du risque par l'étude et la révision des principaux usages et contenus qui lui ont été donnés, dont deux en particulier : celui qui l'associe à la perception, et celui qui l'associe à la vulnérabilité. Cet essai a comme objectif d'offrir une réflexion de nature théorique sur l'utilisation d'un des concepts fréquemment utilisés par ceux qui s'adonnent à l'étude des catastrophes.
Periferia urbana e incentivos económicos para la conservación ambiental
Authors: Campuzano Enrique Pérez
Published: August 2011

This article offers an empirical reading of urban peripheries as complex spaces between urban, rural, and environmental planning. Peripheries have become conflictive, particularly in developing countries, as objects of interest by different actors (landholders, political parties, administrators), which complicates management and planning. The planning of peripheries should include the active participation of landholders. The author analyzes two options for their inclusion: the first is economic remuneration of landowners in order to avoid changes in land use, particularly in areas with high ecosystem value; second, the author underlines the importance of policy evaluation. The article presents the initial results of a research project on members of a cooperative (ejidatarios) and evaluates the application of the FOCOMDES program in the southern urban periphery of Mexico City.

Spanish
Este artículo ofrece una lectura empírica sobre las periferias urbanas como espacios complejos entre la planificación urbana, rural, y ambiental. Particularmente en países en desarrollo, las periferias se han vuelto conflictivas en tanto objeto de interés de diversos actores (poseedores del suelo, partidos políticos, administradores), lo que complica aún más su proceso de gestión y planificación. La planificación periférica también debe incluir la participación activa de los poseedores del suelo. El autor analiza dos opciones de inclusión: la primera es la retribución económica a los propietarios para evitar el cambio del uso del suelo, particularmente en las zonas con alto valor ecosistémico; en segunda instancia, el autor subraya la importancia de la evaluación de dichas políticas. En esta parte se presentan los resultados iniciales de una investigación de campo en una comunidad de ejidatarios que evalúan la aplicación del programa Fondos Comunitarios para el Desarrollo Rural Equitativo y Sustentable (FOCOMDES) en periferia urbana del sur de la Ciudad de México.

French
Cet article offre une lecture empirique des périphéries urbaines comme espaces complexes entre la planification urbaine, rurale et écologique. En particulier dans les pays en voie de développement, les périphéries sont devenues une source de conflit, constituant l'objet d'intérêt d'acteurs différents (les propriétaires fonciers, les partis politiques, les administrateurs). Cela complique encore davantage la gestion et la planification. La planification de périphéries devrait également inclure la participation active des propriétaires fonciers. L'auteur analyse deux options pour leur inclusion ; la première est la rémunération économique de propriétaires fonciers pour éviter des changements dans l'usage des terrains, notamment dans les zones avec une haute valeur d'écosystème. Dans la seconde option proposée, l'auteur souligne l'importance de l'évaluation de ces politiques. Ce e partie présente les premiers résultats d'un projet de recherche sur les membres d'une « ejido ». Ils évaluent l'application du programme FOCOMDES dans la périphérie sud de la Ville de Mexico.
Le Rôle de l'intégration régionale dans le développement en Afrique de l'Ouest : Avancées et défi s
Authors: Cissé Soumaïla
Published: August 2011

Communication d’ouverture/Keynote Address du Congrès International 2010 du Consortium pour la recherche comparative sur l’intégration régionale et la cohésion sociale (RISC) Luxembourg, 10-13 novembre 2010
Book Reviews
Authors: Giraldo Jiménez Fabio H. , Pimienta Betancur Alejandro
Published: August 2011

F. Cortés Rodas & F. Piedrahita Ramírez. (2011). De Westfalia a Cosmópolis. Soberanía, ciudadanía, derechos humanos y justicia económica global, Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre Editores - Instituto de Filosofía, Universidad de Antioquia.
Review by Fabio H. Giraldo Jiménez

M. Santos. (2007). O espaço do cidadão. 7ª ed. Sao Paulo: Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo.
Review by Alejandro Pimienta Betancur
Imaging Cracks in Bones Using Acoustic Nonlinearity: A Simulation Study
Authors: Liu Yang , Guo Xiasheng , Da Zhao , Zhang Dong , Gong Xiufen
Published: August 2011

This article proposes an acoustic nonlinear approach combined with the time reversal technique to image cracks in long bones. In this method, the scattered ultrasound generated from the crack is recorded, and the third harmonic nonlinear component of the ultrasonic signal is used to
reconstruct an image of the crack by the time reversal process. Numerical simulations are performed to examine the validity of this approach. The fatigue long bone is modeled as a hollow cylinder with a crack of 1, 0.1, and 0.225 mm in axial, radial and circumferential directions respectively.
A broadband 500 kHz ultrasonic signal is used as the exciting signal, and the extended three-dimensional Preisach-Mayergoyz model is used to describe the nonclassical nonlinear dynamics of the crack. Time reversal is carried out by using the filtered third harmonic component. The localization
capability depends on the radial depth of the crack.
Energy Radiation from an Impulsive Acoustic Monopole with Uniform Internal Structure, and from a Pair of Colliding Acoustic Dipoles
Authors: Gaunaurd Guillermo C. , Sadjadi Firooz A.
Published: August 2011

The energy radiation emitted by multipole sources is theoretically analyzed here in two basic novel configurations. First using an impulsive monopole source of radius R with uniform internal structure. The pressure field is affected by the entire spherical region r < R.
Several methods are used. It is first obtained from the difference between the retarded and advanced solutions of the pertinent wave equation for this case. It is also later obtained from the retarded solution alone, confirming the first case. We also illustrate how to obtain the energy supplied
to the fluid. The second configuration models two acoustic dipoles of the same strength on a linear collision course. The dipoles come from infinity and reverse directions after collision as they return to infinity. The radiated energy in this case is obtained when the collision occurs at
the origin, and later when there is a finite stand-off separation between them. This second situation shows that: (a) less energy is then radiated than in the first, (b) that the radiated energy is then dominated by a τ–5 time decay law rather than a τ–3
law and (c) that in this case one can have more than one “time-duration factor.”
Scale Model Investigations of Diffuser Application Strategies for Acoustical Design of Performance Venues
Authors: Kim Yong Hee , Kim Jae Ho , Jeon Jin Yong
Published: August 2011

This work investigates the effects of diffusive surfaces on concert hall acoustics using scale models with regard to hall shape and diffuser location. Two simple 1:50 scale models (shoebox and fan-shaped) were produced to measure the RT and SPL, which were decreased by wall diffusers
in both hall shapes. In the shoebox hall, SPL was increased especially in the frontal area but was decreased in the rear area due to redirection of the second reflections by the opposite lateral walls, whereas SPL was decreased in both the frontal and rear area in the fan-shaped hall. For
in-depth investigation of diffuser location and profile, three shoebox model halls were reproduced: a 1:50 symphony hall, a 1:25 chamber hall and a 1:25 theater. Minimal reductions in RT and LL and decreased spatial deviation in acoustical parameters were established as criteria to determine
the effective diffuser location. The halves of the lateral walls closest to the stage were found to be the most effective areas for diffuser installation. Additionally, large and sparse diffuser profiles usually provided better acoustical results.
A Single Microphone Capillary-Based System for Measuring the Complex Input Impedance of Musical Wind Instruments
Authors: Sharp D. B. , Mamou-Mani A. , van Walstijn M.
Published: August 2011

Capillary-based systems for measuring the input impedance of musical wind instruments were first developed in the mid-20th century and remain in widespread use today. In this paper, the basic principles and assumptions underpinning the design of such systems are examined. Inexpensive
modifications to a capillary-based impedance measurement set-up made possible due to advances in computing and data acquisition technology are discussed. The modified set-up is able to measure both impedance magnitude and impedance phase even though it only contains one microphone. In addition,
a method of calibration is described that results in a significant improvement in accuracy when measuring high impedance objects on the modified capillary-based system. The method involves carrying out calibration measurements on two different objects whose impedances are well-known theoretically.
The benefits of performing two calibration measurements (as opposed to the one calibration measurement that has been traditionally used) are demonstrated experimentally through input impedance measurements on two test objects and a Boosey and Hawkes oboe.
Characterizing Classical Guitars Using Top Plate Radiation Patterns Measured by a Microphone Array
Authors: Bader Rolf
Published: August 2011

Three guitars are measured using a microphone array and reconstructing their radiation patterns. All tones up to the 12th fret of the soundboard are played and analyzed for 20 partials each and back-propagated to obtain the radiation patterns. Four parameters were calculated from these
radiation patterns, the radiating area, impedance, pressure reconstruction 1 meter in front of guitar top plate and Interaural Cross Correlation (IACC) as a binaural parameter. The guitars used showed distinct timbre differences, the Wichmann bass-reflex guitar has increased overall loudness
with decreased tone variability, the Hanika concert guitar shows a very stable tone throughout playing range, and the low-priced Yamaha flamenco guitar has an rather unstable, semiprofessional tone. The calculated parameters were associated with these guitar characters, explaining the strong
radiation and small variation of the bass-reflex guitar by decreased radiation area, associating the more stable sound of the Hanika guitar to a stable IACC behaviour, and the more unstable timbre of the Flamenco guitar to a strong variability over the different parameters used. When correlating
the parameters for all guitars it appears that the correlation is independent of the guitar used and so appear to be a constant in guitar acoustics.
Predicting the Quality of Synthesized and Natural Speech Impaired by Packet Loss and Coding Using PESQ and P.563 Models
Authors: Počta Peter , Holub Jan
Published: August 2011

This paper investigates the impact of independent and dependent losses and coding on speech quality predictions provided by PESQ (also known as ITU-T P.862) and P.563 models, when both naturally-produced and synthesized speech are used. Two synthesized speech samples generated with
two different Text-to-Speech systems and one naturally-produced sample are investigated. In addition, we assess the variability of PESQ's and P.563's predictions with respect to the type of speech used (naturally-produced or synthesized) and loss conditions as well as their accuracy, by comparing
the predictions with subjective assessments. The results show that there is no difference between the impact of packet loss on naturally-produced speech and synthesized speech. On the other hand, the impact of coding is different for the two types of stimuli. In addition, synthesized speech
seems to be insensitive to degradations provided by most of the codecs investigated here. The reasons for those findings are particularly discussed. Finally, it is concluded that both models are capable of predicting the quality of transmitted synthesized speech under the investigated conditions
to a certain degree. As expected, PESQ achieves the best performance over almost all of the investigated conditions.
A Numerical Study of the Diffusion Performance of a Terraced Classroom
Authors: Zhang Zhaorong , Mak C. M. , Li Jianliang
Published: August 2011

The acoustic diffusion performance of a terraced classroom was investigated using a two-dimensional boundary element method. Quadratic residue diffuser (QRD) and porous material were employed on the ceiling and rear wall, respectively, to improve the diffusion performance. The diffusion
gains of various models were calculated to compare the diffusion performance. It is found that terraces in a rectangular classroom raise the lowest sound pressure level and provide slight diffusion improvement. The QRD ceiling enhances the diffusion by scattering the sound wave to be more
evenly distributed, but at some frequencies the diffusion improvement is minor or even negative. The absorption rear wall provides useful diffusion gain mainly at higher frequencies by absorbing parts of the reflected sound. When the parameters of the QRD ceiling and porous material change,
the diffusion improvement first increases and then begins to decrease. In a terraced classroom with both treatments, the diffusion at lower frequencies is similar to that with the QRD ceiling, while at higher frequencies it resembles that with the absorption rear wall. The results clearly
indicate that the combination of the two treatments produces the most desirable diffusion performance of the tested models.
Subjective Response to Foot-Fall Noise, Including Localization of the Source Position
Authors: Brunskog Jonas , Hwang Ha Dong , Jeong Cheol-Ho
Published: August 2011

Although an impact noise level is objectively evaluated the same according to current standards, a lightweight floor structure is often subjectively judged more annoying than a heavy homogeneous structure. The hypothesis of the present investigation is that the subjective judgment of
impact noise is more annoying if the source position can be localized; lightweight structures have a more localized radiation than heavy structures. For the heavy structures the reverberant vibration field is dominant, therefore having a distributed radiation. A listening test is used to assess
the subjective annoyance, using simulated binaural room impulse responses, with sources being a moving point source or a non-moving surface source, and rooms being a room with a reverberation time of 0.5 s or an anechoic room. The paper concludes that no strong effect of the source localization
on the annoyance can be found.
Production and Partial Characterization of Cellulases from Trichoderma sp. IS-05 Isolated from Sandy Coastal Plains of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Andrade Jackeline Pereira , Bispo Aline Simões da Rocha , Marbach Phellippe Arthur Santos , do Nascimento Rodrigo Pires
Published: August 2011

This study evaluated the production of cellulolytic enzymes by Trichoderma sp. IS-05 strain, isolated from sand dunes, according to its ability to grow on cellulose as carbon source. Wheat bran was tested as the carbon source and peptone tested as the nitrogen source. Different concentrations of carbon and nitrogen were tested using a factorial design to identify optimal cellulase activity production. The results showed that media containing wheat bran 4.0% (w/v) and peptone 0.25% (w/v) lead to the highest production, 564.0 U L−1 of cellulase, obtained after 2 days of fermentation. The pH and temperature profile showed optimal activity at pH 3.0 and 60∘C. As for thermostability, the cellulase was most tolerant at 60∘C, retaining more than 59.6% of maximal activity even after 4 hours of incubation. The combination of acid pH, high temperature tolerance, and production of cellulase from agro-industrial residues by Trichoderma sp. IS-05 offers possibilities condition for the biomass hydrolysis process to produce bioethanol.
Influence of a Hairpin Loop on the Thermodynamic Stability of a DNA Oligomer
Authors: Lah Jurij , Seručnik Mojca , Vesnaver Gorazd
Published: August 2011

DSC was used to evaluate the mechanism of the thermally induced unfolding of the single-stranded hairpin HP = 5′-CGGAATTCCGTCTCCGGAATTCCG-3′and its core duplex D (5′-CGGAATTCCG-3′)2. The DSC melting experiments performed at several salt concentrations were successfully described for HP and D in terms of a three-state transition modelHP↔I(intermediate state)↔S (unfolded single-stranded state) and two state transition modelD↔2S, respectively. Comparison of the model-based thermodynamic parameters obtained for each HP and D transition shows that in unfolding of HP only theHP↔Itransition is affected by the TCTC loop. This observation suggests that in the intermediate state its TCTC loop part exhibits significantly more flexible structure than in the folded state while its duplex part remains pretty much unchanged.
Representations of Old Age in Falls Prevention Websites: Implications for Likely Uptake of Advice by Older People
Authors: Nyman Samuel R , Hogarth Harriet A , Ballinger Claire , Victor Christina R
Published: August 2011

Introduction:

The representations of old age in falls prevention websites were explored and considered for their potential impact on older people's uptake of the advice.

Method:

Websites were searched for using the strategy of a previous systematic-style review and evaluated using the principles of discourse analysis.

Findings:

In the analysis of 33 websites, three main subject positions afforded to older readers were identified: (1) Passive recipients: victims of the ageing process, ignorant, ill-informed and vulnerable; (2) Rational learners: responsive to information, rational problem solvers and compliant with prescriptive advice; and (3) Empowered decision makers: actively engaged with and evaluative of information, autonomous and responsible for their course of action.

Discussion:

Falls prevention websites were rarely designed according to evidence-based recommendations concerning fit with positive self-identity and empowerment of active self-management of health. Although the representation of older people as passive and inert was most evident, the image of empowered decision makers was most likely to engage older people in preventing falls.

Conclusion:

Occupational therapists should ensure that they represent older people in a positive and respectful manner in falls prevention information, both that available through the internet and in written form.