bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary consumption of fatty acids and age-related macular degeneration in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Jiang Bingcai , Wei Xin , Cai Dongmei , Wang Xiaoqin , Zhou Xiaobo , Chen Feng , Shen Xiaopeng , Cao Xiaochuan , Zheng Changwei
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between dietary intake of fatty acids and the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the United States population. Adult participants of the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this nationwide cross-sectional study. Dietary fatty acid intake was obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The intake of dietary fatty acids was analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable. AMD status was assessed using nonmydriatic fundus photographs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between dietary fatty acid intake and AMD. The unweighted population included 4702 individuals of whom 374 had AMD. After adjusting for relevant variables, each 1 unit increase (1 mg/1000 kcal) intake of EPA (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.993–0.996, P = 0.018), DPA (OR: 0.976, 95% CI: 0.962–0.990, P = 0.002), and DHA (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994–0.999, P = 0.003) were significantly decreased odds of any AMD. The highest versus lowest quartile of EPA (OR: 0.476, P for trend < 0.001), DPA (OR: 0.467, P for trend = 0.005) and DHA (OR: 0.586, P for trend = 0.008) were negatively associated with the odds of any AMD. Subgroup analysis showed that higher quartiles of EPA (OR: 0.461, P for trend < 0.002), DPA (OR: 0.467, P for trend = 0.006) and DHA (OR: 0.578, P for trend = 0.007) exhibited a negative association with early AMD. The study found no significant association between the intake of dietary fatty acids, including n-3 PUFA, and the odds of late AMD. In the 2005–2008 NHANES population, higher dietary DHA, DPA and EPA intake associated with decreased odds of early AMD. However, no clear association was found between specific types of FAs and late AMD.
Multi-omics integration of scRNA-seq time series data predicts new intervention points for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mihajlović Katarina , Ceddia Gaia , Malod-Dognin Noël , Novak Gabriela , Kyriakis Dimitrios , Skupin Alexander , Pržulj Nataša
Published: May 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. The onset of PD symptoms corresponds to 50% loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, limiting early-stage understanding of PD. To shed light on early PD development, we study time series scRNA-seq datasets of mDA neurons obtained from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation. We develop a new data integration method based on Non-negative Matrix Tri-Factorization that integrates these datasets with molecular interaction networks, producing condition-specific “gene embeddings”. By mining these embeddings, we predict 193 PD-related genes that are largely supported (49.7%) in the literature and are specific to the investigatedPINK1mutation. Enrichment analysis in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways highlights 10 PD-related molecular mechanisms perturbed during early PD development. Finally, investigating the top 20 prioritized genes reveals 12 previously unrecognized genes associated with PD that represent interesting drug targets.
Experimental investigations on physico-mechanical properties of kaolinite clay soil stabilized at optimum silica fume content using clamshell ash and lime
Authors: Zaini Muhammad Syamsul Imran , Hasan Muzamir , Almuaythir Sultan , Hyodo Masayuki
Published: May 2024

This investigation examines the effect of clamshell ash (CSA) and lime additives on the physico-mechanical characteristics of kaolinite clay soil stabilized at the optimum silica fume content. Laboratory tests were performed to assess plasticity, shrink-swell characteristics, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shear strength characteristics, mineralogical and morphological microstructure characteristics of stabilized soil specimens. The kaolinite clay soil was stabilized at its optimum silica fume content (6%) to produce the highest strength and was altered with three non-identical proportions of clamshell ash and lime (3%-9%). Cylindrical soil specimens, 76 mm in height and 38 mm in diameter, were moulded and treated for curing periods of 1, 7, 14, and 30 days to examine the strength of the altered soil. The findings revealed that, adding clamshell ash and lime significantly alters the plasticity, shrink-swell, maximum dry unit weights, and optimum moisture contents of the silica fume-stabilized soil. In terms of strength, the beneficial effects of CSA and lime additives were found to be more significant with more extended curing periods. Incremental increases in curing periods resulted in further enhancements in UCS, cohesion, and internal friction angle, indicating continued strength development over time. Microstructural analysis using field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction provided insights into the interparticle bonding mechanisms and microstructural changes induced by the addition of CSA and lime. The emergence of cementitious phases and pozzolanic responses between soil particles and stabilizers contributed to the densification and strengthening of the stabilized soil matrix. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the potential of clamshell ash and lime additives to enhance the engineering properties of kaolinite clay soil stabilized with silica fume. These results have implications for sustainable soil stabilization practices, offering a promising approach to improve the performance of soils for various engineering applications, including construction and geotechnical projects.
Experimental design and analysis of advanced three phase converter for PV application with WCO-P&O MPPT controller
Authors: Krishnaram K. , Sivamani S. , Alaas Zuhair , Ahmed M. M. R. , Senthilkumar S. , Raj S. Antony
Published: May 2024

Photovoltaic (PV)-based power generation systems are becoming increasingly popular as a due to its high performance and cleanliness. Several factors influence the performance of a PV system, including shadowing effects. PV systems employ MPPT methodologies to obtain the power from PV array. Conventional MPPTs works well under normal conditions when there is no shadow effects or partial shading. The presence of partial shading affects the system performance and generates several power peaks. This complicates the process of finding out of the global peak (GMPP) with improved tracking efficiency and reduced settling time including conversion efficiency. This work proposes three hybrid MPPT techniques: Water Cycle Optimisation-Perturb and Observe (WCO-PO), Artificial Neural Network Supported Adaptable Stepped-Scaled Perturb and Observe (ANN-ASSPO), Grey Wolf Optimisation-Modified Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (GWO-MFTSMC), and two conventional MPPT techniques WCO and P&O have been implemented. The proposed system utilizes interleaved boost converter with three phase. The performances of proposed hybrid MPPTs strategies were compared in terms of output voltage, output current and extracted power. The comparison also includes conversion efficiency and average settling time. To analyse the performances, four different cases have been used to test the efficacy of hybrid MPPTs under changing climatic conditions. The MATLAB/Simulink tool has been used to analyze the PV system performances. In the three hybrid MPPT techniques, WCO-PO has performed better when compared to other two hybrid MPPTs in terms of conversion efficiency (99.56%) and settling time (1.4 m).
Design of a new nanocomposite based on Keggin-type [ZnW12O40]6− anionic cluster anchored on NiZn2O4 ceramics as a promising material towards the electrocatalytic hydrogen storage
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Ardeshiri Hadi Hassani , Gholami Alireza , Aghmasheh Masomeh , Doustgani Amir
Published: May 2024

Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to developing electrode materials with high capacity to address the increasing complexities arising from the energy crisis. Herein, a new nanocomposite was synthesized via the sol–gel method by immobilizing K6ZnW12O40 within the surface of NiZn2O4. ZnW12O40@NiZn2O4 was characterized by FT-IR, UV–Vis, XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and TGA-DTG methods. The electrochemical characteristics of the materials were examined using cyclic voltammogram (CV) and charge–discharge chronopotentiometry (CHP) techniques. Multiple factors affecting the hydrogen storage capacity, including current density (j), surface area of the copper foam, and the consequences of repeated cycles of hydrogen adsorption–desorption were evaluated. The initial cycle led to an impressive hydrogen discharge capability of 340 mAh/g, which subsequently increased to 900 mAh/g after 20 cycles with a current density of 2 mA in 6.0 M KOH medium. The surface area and the electrocatalytic characteristics of the nanoparticles contribute to facilitate the formation of electrons and provide good diffusion channels for the movement of electrolyte ions throughout the charge–discharge procedure.
Association between secondhand smoke exposure and rheumatoid arthritis in US never-smoking adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES
Authors: Qi Xiaogang , Fu Junwen , Liu Jiaming , Wu Xupeng , Zheng Xin , Wang Shaowei
Published: May 2024

While smoking is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the connection between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and RA in never-smoking adults remains limited and inconsistent. This study aims to explore and quantify this association using serum cotinine levels. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 14,940 adults who self-report as never smokers, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2018. Based on previous literature, SHS exposure was categorized into four groups according to serum cotinine levels. Compared to individuals in the unexposed group (serum cotinine < 0.05 ng/mL), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for RA was 1.37 (95% CI 1.14–1.64, p = 0.001) in the low exposure group (serum cotinine at 0.05 to 0.99 ng/mL) after adjusting for covariates. However, no significant association was found in the moderate exposure group (serum cotinine at 1 to 10 ng/mL) or the heavy exposure group (serum cotinine ≥ 10 ng/mL). Furthermore, we detected a non-linear, positively saturated correlation between the cotinine levels after log2 transformation and RA, with a turning point at approximately − 2.756 ng/mL (OR = 1.163, 95% CI 1.073–1.261, p = 0.0002). The stability of the results was confirmed by subgroup analysis.
Association of type 2 diabetes with family history of diabetes, diabetes biomarkers, mental and physical disorders in a Kenyan setting
Authors: Ndetei David M. , Mutiso Victoria , Musyimi Christine , Nyamai Pascalyne , Lloyd Cathy , Sartorius Norman
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine the degree of family relations and associated socio-demographics characteristics, clinical/physical and mental disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Kenyan diabetes clinic. This study was part of a large multicentre study whose protocol and results had been published. It took place at the outpatient diabetes clinic at a County Teaching and Referral Hospital in South East Kenya involving 182 participants. We used a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) and PHQ-9 rating scales for depression, the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; V5 or V6) for DSM-5 diagnoses, the WHO-5 Well-being scale and Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID). We extracted from the notes all physical conditions. We enquired about similar conditions in 1st and 2nd degree relatives. Descriptive, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, one way ANOVA, and Multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to test achievements of our specific aims. Of the 182 patients who participated in the study, 45.1% (82/182) reported a family history of diabetes. Conditions significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a degree of family history of diabetes were retinopathy, duration of diabetes (years), hypertension, and depressive disorder. On average 11.5% (21/182) scored severe depression (≥ 10) on PHQ-9 and 85.2% (115/182) scored good well-being (≥ 13 points). All DSM-5 psychiatric conditions were found in the 182 patients in varying prevalence regardless of relations. In addition, amongst the 182 patients, the highest prevalence was poor well-being on the WHO quality of life tool. This was followed by post-traumatic disorders (current), suicidality, and psychotic lifetime on DSM-5. The least prevalent on DSM-5 was eating disorders. Some type 2 diabetes mellitus physical disorders and depression have increased incidence in closely related patients. Overall, for all the patients, the prevalence of all DSM-5 diagnoses varied from 0.5 to 9.9%.
Cholinergic Neurotransmission and Toxicity – Neonicotinoids and Spinosad
Authors: Andrew David , Samuels Scott
Published: May 2024

Neonicotinoid insecticides are chemically similar to nicotine, exerting their activity by acting as agonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). nAChRs are polypeptides consisting of five subunits arranged around a central non-selective cation channel and are located at the neuromuscular junction, in the autonomic ganglia and in the brain. Activation of the receptor following neonicotinoid binding allows the transit of ions, including sodium, potassium and calcium. Differences in the receptor subunit composition underlie the basis for the selective activity of the neonicotinoids on insects compared to mammalian nAChRs. The insecticidal mode of action causes prolonged excitation of neuronal cell membranes, leading to paralysis and cell energy exhaustion. In contrast, neonicotinoids exhibit relatively low mammalian toxicity. Spinosad is a naturally occurring macrocyclic lactone insecticide, manufactured as a fermentation product of the soil organism Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The insecticidal activity of spinosad is due to the components spinosyn A and spinosyn D, which account for approximately 88% of the fermentation product and are present in a ratio of 6 : 1 or 7 : 1. The spinosyns cause persistent activation of insect nAChRs, resulting in widespread excitation of neurons in the insect central nervous system, involuntary muscle contractions and tremors. Spinosad is also selectively toxic to insects, showing no clear evidence of neurotoxicity in mammals.
Cannabinoid Neurotransmission: Neurotoxicity or Neuroprotection
Authors: Kumar Ujendra
Published: May 2024

The changes in endocannabinoid system (ECS) neurotransmission are associated with neurotoxicity and neuroprotection in a healthy brain and during brain injury. Multifactorial interconnected events, including age, doses, route of administration, endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), phytocannabinoids (phyto-CBs) or synthetic analogues, the enzymes involved in synthesis and degradation and cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtypes, play a determinant role in this dual effect. Moreover, the opposing effects are not only limited to in vitro conditions but have also been described in the experimental model of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite multiple mechanistic explanations for the neuroprotective or neurotoxic effect of CBs, the question “Are CBs toxic or beneficial to the brain” still awaits an answer. This chapter aims to demonstrate the multiple factors involved in cannabinoid neurotransmission and its impact on neurological and neuropsychological diseases.
Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications
Authors: Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza , Kung Chung-Wei , Sen Unal , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Chuang Cheng-Hsun , Khajeh Mostafa , Erkartal Mustafa , Hupp Joseph T.
Published: May 2024

This review highlights the promising prospects of defective zirconium-based MOFs in addressing challenging energy- and environment-related problems, positioning them as versatile tools toward a cleaner and more sustainable future.
Protein-based layer-by-layer films for biomedical applications
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Haseeb , Kerdjoudj Halima , Boulmedais Fouzia
Published: May 2024

Based on alternating deposition of macromolecules, the layer-by-layer (LbL) method allows the functionalization of surfaces. Possessing intrinsic properties, protein-based LbL films are a powerful tool to control bacterial and mammalian cell fate.
Catalysts for C–N coupling in urea electrosynthesis under ambient conditions from carbon dioxide and nitrogenous species
Authors: Yang Chunqi , Yang Ziyan , Zhang Wenxuan , Chen Aiping , Li Yuhang
Published: May 2024

We highlight the recent studies on catalysts and their design strategies for C–N coupling in urea electrosynthesis from CO2 and small nitrogenous species.
Synthesis of thioesters using an electrochemical three-component reaction involving elemental sulfur
Authors: Liu Gongbo , Xu Shuoyu , Yue Yangyang , Su Changhui , Song Wangze
Published: May 2024

An electrochemical three-component reaction involving elemental sulfur is disclosed for achieving a metal-free, oxidant-free synthesis of thioesters in a high atom-economical, step-economical and chemoselective manner.
Polymeric CuX coordination compounds assembled from acetylenic thioether ligands RSCH2CCCH2R (R = C6H11, t-Bu): effect of the RS-group, halide and stoichiometry on the network architecture and the luminescence properties
Authors: Knorr Michael , Viau Lydie , Knauer Lena , Strohmann Carsten , Rousselin Yoann , Kubicki Marek M.
Published: May 2024

The self-assembly of acetylenic dithioethers with CuX salts produces coordination polymers, some of them being halogenated across the triple bond.
Tuning the work function of graphite nanoparticles via edge termination
Authors: Mercer Michael P. , Bhandari Arihant , Peng Chao , Dziedzic Jacek , Skylaris Chris K. , Kramer Denis
Published: May 2024

Graphite nanoparticles are important in energy materials applications such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and as catalyst supports. Work function is tuned by varying particle size with large scale density functional theory calculations.
Imaging ultra-weak UV light below 100 pW cm−2 using a 4H–SiC photodetector with an Al2O3 interfacial layer
Authors: Pei Xinyang , Wang Wenyan , Hu Kun , Xi Yuying , Ji Ting , Li Guohui , Cui Yanxia
Published: May 2024

Our proposed photodetector sets a new benchmark in weak-light detection with a threshold of 31.8 pW cm−2.
Coordinating nature of M6L12 double-stranded macrocycles: co-ligand competition of perchlorate, water, and acetonitrile depending on metal(ii) ions
Authors: An Seonghyeon , Han Jihun , Kim Dongwon , Lee Haeri , Jung Ok-Sang
Published: May 2024

The outer coordinating nature of a unique M6L12 (M(ii) = Mn(ii), Co(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), and Zn(ii)) metallamacrocyclic system is informatively dependent on M(ii) cations via subtle co-ligand competition among ClO4− anions, H2O, and CH3CN.
Developing kilometers-long gravity heat pipe for geothermal energy exploitation
Authors: Huang Wenbo , Chen Juanwen , Ma Qingshan , Xing Linxiao , Wang Guiling , Cen Jiwen , Li Zhibin , Li Ang , Jiang Fangming
Published: May 2024

The world-longest SLGHP (4149 m long) and the world's first SLGHP output vapor-driven power generator are developed for the exploitation of geothermal energy.
Carbon-based catalytic materials for aerobic oxidative transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: advancements, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Xie Chao , Jiang Zhiwei , Pang Yayun , Xiao Chenglei , Song Jinliang
Published: May 2024

This review systematically discusses the recent progress in the selective aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using various carbon-based catalytic materials.
Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles: comprehensive in vitro profiling for cervical cancer treatment and antibacterial strategies
Authors: Dutta Gouranga , Ghosh Dipanjan , Venkatesan Krithiga , Chakrabarti Gopal , Sugumaran Abimanyu , Narayanasamy Damodharan
Published: May 2024

In response to rising concerns about the environmental impact of standard chemical synthesis methods, Erythrina variegata leaf extract facilitated green synthesis of CuO NPs for potent anticancer, antibacterial, and photocatalytic applications.
Advanced micro/nano-electroporation for gene therapy: recent advances and future outlook
Authors: Liu Feng , Su Rongtai , Jiang Xinran , Wang Siqi , Mu Wei , Chang Lingqian
Published: May 2024

Advanced micro/nano fabrication techniques have revolutionized electroporation technology. Electroporation devices with micro/nanostructures mediating safe, precise and controllable electrotransfection continue to adapt to the field of gene therapy.
Electrocatalytic dehydrogenative and defluorinative coupling between aldehyde-derived N,N-dialkylhydrazones and fluoromalonates: synthesis of 2-pyrazolines
Authors: Noël Florent , El Kaïm Laurent , Masson Géraldine , Claraz Aurélie
Published: May 2024

An electrocatalytic oxidative formal (4 + 1)-cycloaddition between hydrazones and fluoromalonates furnished 2-pyrazolines through triple C–H bond cleavage and one defluorination.
Palladium-catalyzed selective C–C bond cleavage of keto-vinylidenecyclopropanes: construction of structurally rich dihydrofurans and tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Ning Chao , Yu Ziqi , Shi Min , Wei Yin
Published: May 2024

A series of bicyclic products containing dihydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran skeletons were obtained by divergent palladium-catalyzed selective C–C bond cleavage of keto-VDCPs. The reaction mechanism was also investigated systematically.
The role of Allee effect in cannibalistic species: An action plan to sustain the declining cod population
Authors: Roy Parimita , Jain Sanjoli , Maama Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Atlantic cod collapsed in the late 20th century after being harvested heavily for 50 years. This paper aims to design conservation guidelines for the cod population, which is diminishing due to predation by grey seals and cannibalism. For this purpose, we first designed a continuous time ecological model (with and without the Allee effect) using a system of differential equations consisting of juvenile Atlantic cod, adult Atlantic cod, and grey seals. The developed model has set forth global existence, non-negativity, and long-term behavior. Subsequently, to handle the extinction problem cost-effectively, Pontryagin’s principle is employed to construct the optimal control, which is then numerically solved using an iterative forward–backward method. We numerically explored the impact of the Allee effect on cod survival within the original model and its two extended versions (i) stochastic and (ii) reaction–diffusion, to thoroughly understand the possible consequences wherein a population has cannibalistic tendencies. The numerical comparison between the non-Allee and Allee models (Ordinary, Stochastic, Reaction–Diffusion) reveals that the Allee effect may significantly promote recovery and benefit the cannibalistic population. We adopted a partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) to conduct a global sensitivity analysis to estimate the most sensitive parameters responsible for cod prevalence.
Coordination territoriale et éducation thérapeutique du patient : l’expérience du territoire de démocratie sanitaire de Lorient-Quimperlé pour améliorer la prise en charge des lombalgies chroniques
Authors: Astier Camille , Tanguy Anaïs , Denoual Hélène
Published: May 2024

La lombalgie chronique représente la troisième cause d’invalidité reconnue par la Sécurité Sociale. L’origine psycho-sociale de la maladie complique l’accompagnement des patients et les professionnels doivent faire face à des files d’attente de plus en plus longues. L’Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient (ETP) est identifiée comme un levier pour améliorer la qualité de vie des patients souffrant de douleurs rachidiennes, au regard d’une approche pédagogique et pluridisciplinaire de la maladie et de la relation de soins. Sensibles à cet enjeu de santé publique, les professionnels et les usagers du système de santé du territoire de démocratie sanitaire de Lorient-Quimperlé en Bretagne, ont coordonné leurs efforts afin d’améliorer l’accès aux soins de ces patients et la qualité de leur accompagnement. Cet article présente la co-construction d’un programme d’ETP, porté par trois organisations partenaires : la plateforme d’ETP de Cap Autonomie Santé, le pôle de santé de Kervignac et le centre de Rééducation Fonctionnelle et de Réadaptation de Kerpape. Il décrit la méthodologie élaborée par la plateforme d’ETP pour organiser leur articulation et les résultats de cette collaboration. Le programme Douleurs et Rachis met en lumière la mutualisation des expertises, le décloisonnement institutionnel, et la décentralisation des compétences à l’échelle territoriale. La réussite de ce projet est étroitement liée à la mise en œuvre d’une approche participative, à l’implication d’un acteur facilitateur favorisant la création d’un cadre collaboratif, ainsi qu’à l’implication des responsables des politiques de santé locales avec les autres parties prenantes. À travers une réponse collective, les acteurs du territoire de Lorient-Quimperlé ont renforcé leur pouvoir d’agir et contribué à la lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé.
Robust Estimation of Average Treatment Effects with Observational Studies
Authors: XIAO Li , YU Peichao
Published: May 2024

Estimating treatment effects has always been one of the hot issues in empirical research. It brings great challenges to estimating treatment effects because heterogeneity exists in the distribution of covariates between treated and controlled groups. Propensity score methods have been widely used to adjust for heterogeneity in observational studies. However, the propensity score is usually unknown and needs to be estimated. In this article, we propose a generalized single-index model to estimate the propensity score and use the propensity score residuals to reduce the estimation bias. The finite-sample performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation studies. We use the proposed method to evaluate the policy of "Sunshine Running" and find that the physical test scores of college students participating in the "Sunshine Running" can be improved by 3.72 points.
Fu-Rec: Multi-Task Learning Recommendation Model Fusing Neighbor-Discrimination and Self-Discrimination
Authors: ZHENG Sirui , HUANG Bo , LIU Jin , ZENG Guohui , YIN Ling , LI Zhi , SUN Tie
Published: May 2024

In recent years, self-supervised learning has achieved great success in areas such as computer vision and natural language processing because it can mine supervised signals from unlabeled data and reduce the reliance on manual labels. However, the currently generated self-supervised signals are either neighbor discrimination or self-discrimination, and there is no model to integrate neighbor discrimination and self-discrimination. Based on this, this paper proposes Fu-Rec that integrates neighbor-discrimination contrastive learning and self-discrimination contrastive learning, which consists of three modules: (1) neighbor-discrimination contrastive learning, (2) self-discrimination contrastive learning, and (3) recommendation module. The neighbor-discrimination contrastive learning and self-discrimination contrastive learning tasks are used as auxiliary tasks to assist the recommendation task. The Fu-Rec model effectively utilizes the respective advantages of neighbor-discrimination and self-discrimination to consider the information of the user's neighbors as well as the user and the item itself for the recommendation, which results in better performance of the recommendation module. Experimental results on several public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the Fu-Rec proposed in this paper.
Kopfschmerzen und Sport
Authors: Evers Stefan , Gendolla Astrid , Goßrau Gudrun , Heinze Axel , Heinze-Kuhn Katja , Israel-Willner Heike , Kropp Peter , Nägel Steffen , Peikert Andreas , Straube Andreas , Wrenger Klaus
Published: May 2024

Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Sport und Kopfschmerz ergibt sich im Wesentlichen auf 2 Ebenen: Kann Sport zu Kopfschmerzen führen? Kann Sport in der Therapie von Kopfschmerzen eingesetzt werden? Der Artikel beleuchtet diesen Zusammenhang am Anfang aus historischer und systematischer Sicht. Die Frage der Kopfschmerzauslösung beim Sport und der Reaktion von Kopfschmerzpatienten auf körperliche Belastung sowie Geschlechtsunterschiede werden diskutiert. Schließlich wird die Evidenz für den Einsatz von Sport in der Kopfschmerztherapie kritisch dargestellt, nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund, dass die aktuelle DGN-DMKG-Leitlinie für die Behandlung der Migräne regelmäßigen Ausdauersport zur Prophylaxe empfiehlt. Abschließend sollen in einem Expertenkonsens solche Empfehlungen dann differenziert vorgestellt werden.
Copper-Catalyzed Chemoselective Nitro Reduction
Authors: Le Thi Minh Thi , Zhong Mingbing , Jubault Philippe , Poisson Thomas
Published: May 2024

The reduction of nitro compounds into the highly valuable anilines is reported using a Cu catalyst and B2Pin2. The reactions proceed under very mild conditions and showcase excellent functional group tolerance. This method is applied to a large panel of nitro derivatives, including biorelevant molecules and important synthetic intermediates, toward the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This novel reaction manifold intends to provide a complementary approach to the existing portfolio of nitro-reduction methods.
Carboxylation of Alkenes with CO2 via Photocatalytic Cleavage of C=C Double Bonds
Authors: Meng Qing-Yuan , Yuan Pan-Feng
Published: May 2024

The cleavage of double bonds in alkenes constitutes an integral process in converting feedstock materials into high-value synthetic intermediates. Well-known examples such as the oxidative cleavage of olefins and olefin metathesis only facilitate the synthesis of oxygen-containing compounds and the recombination of olefins. Therefore, it is appealing to extend C=C double bond cleavage to yield more abundant transformations. Herein, we report a novel photocatalytic approach for the deconstructive carboxylation of alkenes with CO2 for the synthesis of carboxylic acids in the absence of transition metals. Compared with reported carboxylations with CO2 during which carbon numbers are typically increased, we achieve the exchange of carbon dioxide with one of the carbons of the alkene double bond, thus providing carboxylic acids with unchanged carbon numbers when terminal alkenes are used.
TEMPUS—A microgravity electromagnetic levitation facility for parabolic flights
Authors: Lohöfer G. , Beckers M. , Blumberg T. , Bräuer D. , Schneider S. , Volkmann T. , Meyer A.
Published: May 2024

During the ∼22 s lasting free fall phase in an aircraft flying a parabola, the aboard installed electromagnetic levitation facility “TEMPUS” is used to investigate contactless and undisturbed of gravity induced convection thermophysical properties and microstructure formations of hot and highly reactive metal or semiconductor melts. The completely contactless handling and measurement of a liquid by the levitation technique keeps the melt free of contamination and enables the extension of the accessible sample temperature range far into the undercooled liquid state below the melting point. Additionally, the state of reduced weight during parabolic flights allows us to considerably decrease the strongly disturbing electromagnetic levitation forces acting in ground-based facilities on the suspended liquids. The present paper explains in detail the basic principle and the technical realization of the TEMPUS levitation facility and its attached measurement devices. Furthermore, it presents some typical experiments performed in TEMPUS, which also show the advantages resulting from the combination of reduced weight, electromagnetic levitation, and contactless measurement techniques. The control and data recording, as well as the planning, preparation, and operation of the TEMPUS experiments within the parabolic flight campaign, are another aspect outlined in the following.
Research on the participation model of energy storage in electricity spot markets considering energy constraints and cost characteristics
Authors: Chen Mingyuan , Qi Le , Xuan Peizheng , Liang Yanjie , Yang Youhui , Zou Qi , Cheng Lanfen , Peng Chaoyi , Li Huayuan
Published: May 2024

In the context of power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, energy storage plays a significant role in facilitating the consumption of renewable energy and ensuring the operational safety of power systems. However, the current power spot market's predominant power bidding model does not fully consider the physical and cost-operational characteristics of energy storage, which is not conducive to further incentivizing investment and construction of energy storage, and may indirectly affect the flexibility of energy storage in peak shaving and valley filling. This paper summarizes the key issues that need to be addressed for energy storage to participate in the spot market from two aspects: the power bidding model does not meet the requirements of the physical and cost-operational characteristics of energy storage, and the real-time market under this model cannot achieve optimal allocation of energy storage. Considering the energy constraints and cost characteristics of energy storage, a charge and discharge bidding model is proposed, which is based on the stored energy value of energy storage and is in line with the physical and cost-operational characteristics and real-time optimization needs of energy storage. Subsequently, a market clearing model for energy storage participation in the spot market under the state of energy bidding method is constructed, and based on the IEEE 39-bus test case, a comparative analysis of the nodal electricity prices, energy storage revenue, and total system costs under the proposed market participation model and the traditional power bidding model is conducted. Simulation results show that the proposed energy storage participation model in the spot market can better utilize the value of energy storage in peak shaving and valley filling compared to the conventional power bidding model, reducing the extreme electricity prices by up to 10%, increasing single cycle revenue of energy storage by 46%, and reducing the total operating costs of the system in scenarios with significant deviations in system load in the day-ahead and real-time markets.
Magnetic evolution of Cr2Te3 epitaxially grown on graphene with post-growth annealing
Authors: Guillet Quentin , Boukari Hervé , Choueikani Fadi , Ohresser Philippe , Ouerghi Abdelkarim , Mesple Florie , Renard Vincent T. , Jacquot Jean-François , Jalabert Denis , Vergnaud Céline , Bonell Frédéric , Marty Alain , Jamet Matthieu
Published: May 2024

Two-dimensional and van der Waals ferromagnets are ideal platform to study low-dimensional magnetism and proximity effects in van der Waals heterostructures. Their ultimate two-dimensional character also offers the opportunity to easily adjust their magnetic properties using strain or electric fields. Among 2D ferromagnets, the Cr1+xTe2 compounds with x = 0–1 are very promising because their magnetic properties depend on the amount of self-intercalated Cr atoms between pure CrTe2 layers and the Curie temperature (TC) can reach room temperature for certain compositions. Here, we investigate the evolution of the composition as well as the structural and magnetic properties of thin Cr1.33Te2 (Cr2Te3) films epitaxially grown on graphene upon annealing. We observe a transition above 450 °C from the Cr1.33Te2 phase with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a TC of 180 K to a composition close to Cr1.39Te2 with in-plane magnetic anisotropy and a TC of 240–250 K. This phase remains stable up to 650 °C above which a pure Cr film starts to form. This work demonstrates the complex interplay between intercalated Cr, lattice parameters, and magnetic properties in Cr1+xTe2 compounds.
Hydrogen passivation of acceptor defects in delafossite CuMO2 (M = Al, Ga, In): Insights for enhanced p-type conductivity
Authors: Ananchuensook Aroon , Chatratin Intuon , Janotti Anderson , Watcharatharapong Teeraphat , T-Thienprasert Jiraroj , Boonchun Adisak , Jungthawan Sirichok , Reunchan Pakpoom
Published: May 2024

Transparent conducting oxides with p-type conductivity hold immense potential for various electronic applications. The role of native point defects in delafossite CuMO2 (M = Al, Ga, In) as the source of p-type conductivity has been widely acknowledged. However, understanding the primary defects governing the electrical properties and devising strategies for improvement remains a critical challenge. In this study, we employ range-separated hybrid density functional calculations to elucidate the impact of acceptor defects and their interactions with hydrogen on electrical conductivity. Our findings demonstrate that hydrogen plays a pivotal role in controlling p-type conductivity in these oxides. Our investigation reveals that the interactions between hydrogen interstitial Hi and copper vacancy VCu lead to the formation of stable complexes that are electrically inactive. Considerable binding energies are observed for Hi–VCu complexes, indicating that they are highly bound complexes with low formation energy and, thus, high concentrations under both O-rich and O-poor conditions. A second hydrogen can be bound to VCu to form 2Hi–VCu complexes, which are thermodynamically stable and function as a single donor. Furthermore, hydrogen can bind with the antisite acceptor defects, CuM, forming Hi–CuM complexes. However, the lower binding energies associated with these complexes suggest likely dissociation into isolated Hi and CuM at relatively low temperatures. By shedding light on the strong influence of hydrogen passivation of acceptor defects, this study offers valuable insights into p-type conductivity in delafossite CuMO2.
Quasi-Bessel surface acoustic wave for dynamic acoustic manipulation
Authors: Shi Jingyao , Zhang Chunqiu , Li Pengqi , Peng Benxian , Li Xinjia , Liu Xiufang , Zhou Wei
Published: May 2024

Acoustic manipulation using surface acoustic wave has aroused widespread interest in life sciences, biomedical, and bioanalytical chemistry. Acoustic manipulation for different applications requires different acoustic fields. Bessel beams are non-diffractive and re-constructable, bringing possibility and versatility of acoustic manipulation integrated on microfluidic chips. To date, there are a few studies on constructing Bessel surface acoustic waves. Moreover, there is still a lack of dynamic acoustic manipulation using Bessel surface acoustic waves propagating along a surface of piezoelectric substrate with simple and high-precision devices. Here, we design a device with two omnidirectional equifrequency interdigital transducers to form a quasi-Bessel surface acoustic wave by means of coherent interference. The proposed device avoids influences of anisotropy on its operating frequency, making its quasi-Bessel beam accurately and stably conform to the predetermined design acoustic field. This acoustic field could control micrometer to submicrometer particles and dynamically move particles along lateral direction and axial direction of the propagation of quasi-Bessel beam. A phenomenon similar to negative force appeared when the two-micron spherical particles were manipulated. The quasi-Bessel beam formed by our device can provide a versatile movement for on-chip acoustic manipulation.
Quasi-regular formation of rogue waves in gyrotrons due to periodic injection of electron beams
Authors: Rozental R. M. , Ginzburg N. S. , Rozental S. R. , Sergeev A. S. , Zotova I. V.
Published: May 2024

We theoretically study specific non-stationary dynamics of gyrotrons generation in conditions of significant excess of the operating current over the starting value. In this case, gyrotrons with continuous electron beams unpredictably emit “giant” ultrashort radiation spikes, which can be interpreted as microwave rogue waves. Within the frame of the average approach and direct 3D particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that the occurrence of gyrotron rogue waves can be regularized by periodic injection of an electron beam. More regular formation of rogue waves would enhance interest in the implementation of such systems for possible applications.
Analytical solution to a coupled system including tuned liquid damper and single degree of freedom under free vibration with modal decomposition method
Authors: Khanpour Mahdiyar , Mohammadian Abdolmajid , Shirkhani Hamidreza , Kianoush Reza
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on employing a linear analytical approach to transform free surface waves and velocities into mode coordinates, with the aim of investigating the free vibration behavior of a coupled system consisting of a Single Degree of Freedom and a sloshing tank. Through a series of manipulations and simplifications of the coupled equations, a fourth-order ordinary differential equation is derived to showcase the overall response of the system, highlighting the contribution of each odd mode. Key concepts explored include system stability, mode-specific natural periods, establishment of initial boundary conditions, and formulation of the complete system response. The analytical method applied to study Tuned Liquid Dampers, a type of elevated sloshing tank, reveals that in higher modes, the lower frequency aligns with the structural natural frequency, while the higher frequency is approximately n times the structural natural frequency (where n is the odd mode number). This approach also elucidates why the system's response does not exhibit a higher-frequency component in higher modes. The study further investigates concepts such as employing an initial perturbation to excite higher frequencies and the potential for approximating the system through the first mode. Additionally, a numerical model was developed using variable separation and modal decomposition methods to complement and validate the analytical approach. Finally, further verification of the model was performed using the Preismann scheme applied to the relevant equations and the central upwind applied to nonlinear equations.
Non-Hermiticity in quantum nonlinear optics through symplectic transformations
Authors: Wakefield Ross , Laing Anthony , Joglekar Yogesh N.
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, classical optical systems with gain or loss, modeled by non-Hermitian parity-time symmetric Hamiltonians, have been deeply investigated. Yet, their applicability to the quantum domain with number-resolved photonic states is fundamentally voided by quantum-limited amplifier noise. Here, we show that second-quantized Hermitian Hamiltonians on the Fock space give rise to non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonians that generate the dynamics of corresponding creation and annihilation operators. Using this equivalence between PT-symmetry and symplectic Bogoliubov transformations, we create a quantum optical scheme comprising squeezing, phase-shifters, and beam-splitters for simulating arbitrary non-unitary processes by way of singular value decomposition. In contrast to the post-selection scheme for non-Hermitian quantum simulation, the success probability in this approach is independent of the system size or simulation time and can be efficiently Trotterised similar to a unitary transformation.
Hydrodynamics of surface standing-and-walking behavior via a novel pectoral fin compound motion in dolphins
Authors: Lei Ming , Gai Qingyuan , Yan Han , Li Zhihan , Xia Dan
Published: May 2024

To break the spatial motion barrier for underwater robots, this paper chooses the dolphin as a bionic object and tries a method to realize its surface standing-and-walking (SAW) behavior. A three-dimensional virtual dolphin containing the body, caudal fin, and symmetric pectoral fins, as well as a novel kinematic model of the pectoral fins and a water surface SAW performance model containing the indicators of walking height, walking speed, and walking efficiency are established. The transition process from underwater standing-and-swimming (SAS) to surface SAW is numerically investigated, and the transition mechanism as well as the transient evolution of the flow field around the dolphin are revealed. The results show that the novel pectoral fin movement mode can help the dolphin successfully realize the transition from underwater SAS to surface SAW. In addition, the clever utilization of upstroke resistance improves the efficiency of the dolphin's SAW significantly, with a maximum walking efficiency of 74.23%, a maximum walking speed of 0.243 m/s, and a maximum walking height of 0.227 m. The optimal kinematic parameters of the dolphin could also be selected based on different SAW targets. The findings explore a new way for the development of cross-media bionic underwater robots that can achieve SAW behavior.
Experimental investigation on fluid-induced vibration of a semi-submerged flexible pipe in oncoming flows
Authors: Hu Tengyan , Ren Haojie , Zhang Zongfeng , Wang Liang , Zhang Mengmeng , Xu Yuwang , Yang Mengjie
Published: May 2024

Fluid-induced vibration (FIV) features of the semi-submerged flexible pipe in an oncoming flow are experimentally investigated in this paper. The flexible pipe is towed to simulate the equivalent uniform oncoming flow with a Froude number (Fr) ranging from 0.2 to 2.5. The overtopping states are determined and divided into three regions by the Fr numbers, including non-overtopping, intermitting overtopping, and continuous overtopping regions. Through the displacement reconstruction and wavelet transform methods, the displacement response, frequency, trajectory, and the chaotic characteristics of the semi-submerged pipe are studied. The results show that the FIV displacement responses are evidently affected by the intensity of the overtopping phenomenon. A significant mean displacement in the cross flow (CF) direction can be seen and a maximum value of 0.88D can be reached. The unexpectedly larger FIVs with standard deviation values of around 0.52D can be witnessed in the in-line (IL) direction than those for a fully submerged pipe. Moreover, the FIV frequency response in the IL direction is found to be consistent with that in the CF direction under intermitting overtopping and continuous overtopping state, and the corresponding Strouhal numbers are 0.24 and 0.28, respectively. The FIV response is found to be chaotic in non-overtopping states, while it behaves periodic and quasiperiodic features as overtopping occurs. The “O” shape of the motion trajectory is observed at such overtopping regions. The present work improves the basic understanding of the FIV features of the semi-submerged flexible pipe in the oncoming flow and can provide useful references for designing the relevant marine structures.
Suppression of spurious modes in lateral-excited bulk acoustic wave resonators using piston mode electrodes
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Liu Wenjuan , Wen Zhiwei , Tong Xin , Liu Yan , Cai Yao , Sun Chengliang
Published: May 2024

Lateral-excited bulk acoustic wave resonators (XBARs) have a large electromechanical coupling coefficient and low mechanical loss. However, XBARs have not yet been commercialized in 5G communications due to spurious modes, high TCF, and low-power handling. This paper presents a lateral-excited bulk acoustic wave resonator with piston mode electrodes named PLBAR. Compared to the conventional interdigital transducer structure, the PLBAR suppresses the transverse waves due to the irregular boundary caused by piston mode electrodes. Higher order modes are also to some extent suppressed by increasing in metallization rate. The fabricated PLBAR achieves a high Keff2 of 26.43% at 5.2 GHz using a 350 nm Z-cut lithium niobate on insulator substrate, effectively suppressing the transversal mode. Additionally, the power durability exceeds +14 dBm due to the increased metallization of the piston mode electrodes. The measured temperature coefficient of PLBAR is −42.55 ppm/°C. The PLBAR addresses some of the limitations of the XBARs and demonstrates significant improvements in performance without requiring additional fabrication steps, making it a promising solution for RF resonators in 5G communication systems.