bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEEBLE REGULATORY AFFAIRS WEAKEN THE BACKBONE OF INDIAN DRUG INDUSTRIES
Authors: Kumar Mal Dipak , Chakraborty Samrat , Mukherjee Biswajit
Published: July 2018

India is emerging as a global outsourcing power house in almost all fields including Drugs and Pharmaceutical sector.Now it becomes a hub to conduct clinical trials and contract researches. Pharmaceutical industry currently opts fortotal quality management as primary criteria to prevent sub-standard products which do not fall under officialspecifications. However, there are many areas where immediate regulatory measures are desired. Central DrugsStandard Control organization (CDSCO) is the prime regulatory authority for the purpose of enforcement accordingto the Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 and Rules 1945, with its amendments. There is no established system formonitoring the Physician’s samples as it generally moves from medical representatives to patients via medicalprofessionals. Fixed dose combinations are approved by Drug Controller General of India without proper doseschedule and indications. Metered dose inhaler is presented without dose counter, so that user cannot read how manydoses remain. The capacity of CDSCO/the licensing authority/ controlling authority at both national and state levelneed to be matched with Pharmaceutical Industry in term of man power, infrastructure and training to provide safeand effective drugs to the patients. In the present review, those areas have been highlighted along with some possiblesolutions such as more stringency and uniformity in drug regulatory policies, use of software to identify duplicate andmisbranded medicines, speedy functioning of drug regulatory authorities etc.
ADVANCES IN THE REVIEW OF GENERIC DRUG APPLICATIONS BY UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, A REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE IN THE ERA OF GDUFA (GENERIC DRUG USER FEE AMENDMENT 2012)
Authors: Maddela Lakshmi Kanth , Oh Insukh
Published: July 2018

A regulatory process, by which a person/organization/sponsor/innovator gets authorization to launch a drug in the market, is known as drug approval process. The United States - Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) has its own regulatory strategy to approve and allow generic drugs in to the market, which is named as Generic Drug Submission Review. FDA would like to slash the review time of generic drug application without compromising the quality and efficacy of proposed generic drugs for the intended use and to make them available to consumers in short time as possible. FDA has introduced Generic Drug User Fee program to supplement appropriate funding for resource management to ensure that consumers continue to receive the significant benefits offered by generic drugs. The purpose of this article is to present a concise overview about Generic Drug User Fee program and the recent advances in Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) review process.
DIRECTION TO REACH CLOSER TO THE EFFECTIVE LABELING OF DRUGS WITH CRITICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Mal Dipak Kumar , Laboni Mondal , Mukherjee Biswajit
Published: July 2018

Labeling of drugs is an art of expressing information, instructions, caution or warning etc. in both word and pictorial form which must be readable without magnifying glass or visualizing aids. Font size and background of the label play an important role in reading the label considering the level of literacy in India. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) framed a rule in the year 2011 to improve labeling of foods in the light of the new advancement of Science and Technology.(1) This study observed that manner of labeling and labeling criteria of drugs remain unaltered in comparison to foods or other food products.
DRUG REGULATION IN INDIA: SWOT ANALYSIS
Authors: Patel Priyanka V.
Published: July 2018

Drug regulation plays pivotal role in any country because the purpose of drug regulation is to promote and to protect public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy and quality of drugs. Drug regulation should cover all products for which medicinal claims are made and all aspects of drugs like manufacturing, import, export, distribution, dispensing, promotion, sell and supply. But unfortunately drug regulation does not meet these requirements in India as legislation omits or exempts certain areas of pharmaceutical activity from the scope of control in India. Although there are so many deficiencies, lacunae and hurdles in Indian drug regulation, there is a wider scope for drug regulation in India because government is taking positive steps to reform it. One can say India is a vast ocean of opportunities. Hence it is tried to analyse the drug regulation of India using the framework of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). SWOT analysis aids to find out possible ways to overcome the weaknesses and threats, and to utilize the strengths and opportunities properly
PROBIOTIC FUNCTIONAL FOOD VS DRUGS: IMPACT OF INDIAN REGULATORY STATUS ON DESIGN OF QUALITY CONTROL GUIDLINES FOR PROBIOTICS
Authors: Singh Neetu , Gupta Manish
Published: July 2018

Probiotic now a day's  generally utilized all around the globe because of headway as a part of the relationship in the middle of nourishment and wellbeing other than their promising helpful advantages and irrelevant reactions. Indian probiotic industry is accomplishing its pace at relentless rate with open doors for fast development in not so distant future. Indian probiotic business sector is esteemed at US $310 million in 2011, is required to witness US $522.8 million by 2018. Presentation of a scope of pharmaceutical probiotic definitions in the business sector further expanded the turnover of probiotic industry. The eventual fate of probiotic sustenance's is notwithstanding encouraging, as current buyers are concerned to keep up their own wellbeing, and expect the nourishment that they eat to be solid and equipped for counteracting ailment. this is the time when Indian regulatory bodies/ authorities should prepare a guideline to evaluate efficacy claims rigorously, and by consumers interested in potential therapeutic and preventive health benefits. The Indian marketplace is a mixed bag of products, some well-defined and properly evaluated in controlled clinical studies and others with unsubstantiated claims of efficacy. Validation of probiotic contents in commercial products is needed to ensure consumer confidence. Probiotics must be identified to the level of strain, must be characterized for the specific health target, and must be formulated into products using strains and doses shown to be efficacious. Several characteristics commonly presumed to be essential to Probiotics, such as human origin and the ability to improve the balance of the intestinal microbiota, are discussed.
CRITICAL SURVEY ON THE GUIDELINES UNDER RECOMMENDATION OF CHILD RESISTANT PACKAGING FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Gupta Manish
Published: July 2018

Child resistant packaging is an integral part of packaging industry. In order to reduce the risk of poisoning in children due to accidental ingestion of hazardous chemicals like over - the - counter (OTC) medications, household items, pesticides & automobile chemicals, led the US Congress to pass the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 under the authorship of US Senator Frank E. Moss (Politician).(1)

The introduction of child resistant packaging resulted in considerable drop in the rate of poisoning. Guidelines of various countries helps in preventing forty to eighty percent of childhood poisoning. The World Health Organization & UNICEF states that Child Resistant Packaging is one of the best documented success in preventing poisoning in children.
DMF FILING IN US, EUROPE AND CANADA
Authors: Agarwal Pooja , Badjatya J. K.
Published: July 2018

A Drug Master File or DMF is a reference source that provides drug evaluator’s confidential information not available to drug product manufacturer about the specific process and components used in the manufacturing, processing and packaging of a drug meant for Human/Animal use. The submission of a DMF is not required by law or FDA regulation. A DMF is submitted solely at the discretion of the holder. The information contained in the DMF may be used to support an Investigational New Drug Application (IND), a New Drug Application (NDA), an Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), another DMF, or amendments and supplements to any of these.
Aktualne kierunki zmian we wspólnej polityce rolnej Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Adamowicz Mieczysław
Published: July 2018

Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie ewolucji wspólnej polityki rolnej zwłaszcza zmian jakie zaszły w tej polityce w okresie ostatniego dziesięciolecia oraz form i rozmiarów wsparcia rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich. Wykonano je przy wykorzystaniu raportów OECD, zwłaszcza raportu dotyczącego monitorowania i ewolucji wspólnej polityki rolnej z 2015 r. oraz literatury problemu. Wyróżniono trzy grupy czynników wpływających na zmiany we wspólnej polityce rolnej: czynniki związane z sytuacją w rolnictwie krajów członkowskich UE, relacje Unii Europejskiej z gospodarką światową oraz przebieg światowego kryzysu finansowego. W pracy przedstawiono zmiany, które zaszły w dwóch filarach: filarze I dotyczącym sfery rynkowo-produkcyjnej, w tym zwłaszcza płatności bezpośrednich i w filarze II, obejmującym wielokierunkowe oddziaływanie na rolnictwo i obszary wiejskie. Omówiono także płatności specyficzne i specjalne. Wśród instrumentów wspierania rolnictwa zwrócono uwagę zwłaszcza na instrumenty rynku wewnętrznego, oddziaływanie przez usługi jak i regulacje obrotów zagranicznych. Jedną z głównych konkluzji jest stwierdzenie, że okresowe zmiany celów i instrumentów wspólnej polityki rolnej nie naruszyły jej podstaw i potrzeby wsparcia rolnictwa.
Dzierżawa źródłem poprawy materialnych warunków produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce w kontekście doświadczeń państw UE
Authors: Kozera-Kowalska Magdalena , Hasińska Izabela
Published: July 2018

Celem opracowania jest omówienie dzierżawy, jako alternatywnej drogi wykorzystania potencjału majątkowego sektora produkcji trzody chlewnej w Polsce. Tłem rozważań były zmiany zachodzące w sektorze trzodowym w okresie od 2010r. Realizując cel wykorzystano dostępne publikacje GUS, w tym dane Powszechnego Spisu Rolnego 2010, które analizowano poddając je dyskusji z opracowaniami innych autorów, w tym zagranicznych. Postawiono tezę, że zmniejszanie się stanu pogłowia i liczby utrzymujących je gospodarstw wpływa na „uwalnianie” potencjału produkcyjnego, który może zostać wykorzystany przez inne podmioty realizujące produkcję zgodną z wymaganiami środowiskowymi, dobrostanem zwierząt oraz przy akceptacji lokalnych społeczności.
Globalna nierównowaga finansowa we współczesnej gospodarce światowej
Authors: Misztal Piotr
Published: July 2018

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie skali zjawiska globalnej nierównowagi finansowej w krajach o różnym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego oraz wskazanie głównych czynników determinujących to zjawisko. W pracy wykorzystano metodę badawczą opartą na studiach literaturowych z zakresu finansów międzynarodowych i międzynarodowych stosunków gospodarczych. W szczególności wykorzystano bogatą literaturę obcojęzyczną oraz publikacje polskojęzyczne dotyczące analizowanej tematyki. Wszelkie dane statystyczne wykorzystane w pracy pochodzą z bazy statystycznej Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego (International Monetary Fund). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań literaturowych, stwierdzono, że do najważniejszych determinant tego zjawiska można zaliczyć nadwyżkę globalnych oszczędności, prowadzoną politykę merkantylistyczną w krajach Azji Wschodniej oraz zaburzenia na międzynarodowych rynkach finansowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań mają ogromne znaczenie w szczególności z makroekonomicznego punktu widzenia, gdyż rosnące nadwyżki lub deficyty na rachunkach obrotów bieżących wywołują chroniczne nadwyżki lub deficyty w budżetach krajowych poprzez tzw. efekt deficytów bliźniaczych. Dodatkowo nierównowagi na rachunkach obrotów bieżących wpływają na międzynarodową pozycję konkurencyjną gospodarek, ceny towarów, usług, walut i czynników produkcji.
The Consumption of Mineral Fertilizers and Herbicides in Poland Against the Background of the European Union
Authors: Piwowar Arkadiusz
Published: July 2018

The popularity of fertilizers and plant protection treatments with chemical preparations is based, among other factors, on their ease of use and fast effects. This paper presents an analysis of the consumption of selected agrochemicals in EU-28 agriculture in type and spatial arrangement. The main aim of the article is to present changes in the examined scope, including the identification of Poland's rank in the consumption of selected agrochemicals against the background of European Union countries. According to the analysis, the consumption of mineral fertilizers and herbicides in Poland is one of the highest in Europe. Due to potential threats to human health and life and environmental risks, special attention should be paid to agricultural practices with regard to the use of agrochemicals.
Miary i wymiary bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego
Authors: Poczta-Wajda Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

Konsekwencją wielowymiarowości i wielopoziomowości bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego jest duża liczba definicji i mierników tego zjawiska. Celem artykułu była próba usystematyzowania metod pomiaru bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego oraz wskazanie ich zalet i wad w oparciu o przegląd literatury krajowej i zagranicznej. Metody pomiaru bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego podzielono na pięć grup. Chociaż żadna z zaprezentowanych metod nie ujmuje tego problemu w sposób kompleksowy i wolny od wad, to z przeglądu literatury wynika, że dużą popularnością wśród badaczy problemu bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, szczególnie na poziomie krajowym i lokalnym, cieszą się metody oparte na ocenie skali doświadczania niepewności żywnościowej i postrzegania własnej sytuacji żywnościowej przez respondentów (experience-based food insecurity scales).
Światowy rynek nasion oleistych i produktów ich przerobu
Authors: Rosiak Ewa
Published: July 2018

W artykule przedstawiono zmiany jakie nastąpiły w światowej produkcji, zużyciu i handlu nasionami oleistymi i produktami ich przerobu w XXI wieku. Analizę zmian przeprowadzono dla sześciu głównych regionów świata (Afryka, Azja, Ameryka Północna, Ameryka Południowa, Europa i Oceania) w oparciu o dane Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych do spraw Wyżywienia i Rolnictwa (FAOSTAT), które zagregowano do średnich z lat 2001-2004, 2005-2007, 2008-2010 i 2011-2013. W XXI wieku światowa produkcja i zużycie nasion oleistych, olejów roślinnych i śrut oleistych dynamicznie wzrasta, w następstwie rosnącego w skali globalnej popytu na żywność i energię odnawialną, przy czym w układzie regionalnym tempo wzrostu jest zróżnicowane. Rosną też obroty międzynarodowe tymi produktami, ale kierunki geograficzne handlu nie zmieniają się istotnie ze względu na brak znaczących zmian w samowystarczalności w zakresie nasion oleistych i produktów ich przerobu w poszczególnych regionach świata.
Ocena sytuacji towarowych gospodarstw rolnych państw UE z wykorzystaniem metod porządkowania liniowego
Authors: Kisielińska Joanna
Published: July 2018

Celem badań przedstawionych w artykule była ocena sytuacji towarowych gospodarstw rolnych w krajach UE, którą określano poprzez potencjał, wykorzystanie ziemi oraz pracy. Cel zrealizowano wykorzystując metody porządkowania liniowego. Celem dodatkowym, o charakterze metodyczny, było porównanie różnych metod doboru wag w formule agregacyjnej. Okazało się, że najlepszy jest stan gospodarstw holenderskich oraz w wysoko rozwiniętych krajach Europy Zachodniej. Spośród krajów postkomunistycznych dobry jest stan gospodarstw w Czechach i na Słowacji. W sytuacji słabej znajdują się gospodarstwa towarowe z Europy Południowej i z pozostałych państw postkomunistycznych. Polska w sporządzonym rankingu znalazła się na dalekiej 23 pozycji.
Unified (p,q)-analog of Aspostol type polynomials of order α
Authors: Duran Ugur , Acikgoz Mehmet , Araci Serkan
Published: July 2018

In this work, we introduce a class of a new generating function for (p,q)-analog of Apostol type polynomials of order ? including
Apostol-Bernoulli, Apostol-Euler and Apostol-Genocchi polynomials of order
?. By making use of their generating function, we derive some useful
identities. We also introduce (p,q)-analog of Stirling numbers of second
kind of order v by which we construct a relation including aforementioned
polynomials.
Gauss-Seidel type algorithms for a class of variational inequalities
Authors: Noor Muhammad , Khan Awais , Noor Khalida , Pervez Amjad
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we consider a new system of extended general quasi variational
inequalities involving six nonlinear operators. Using projection operator
technique, we show that system of extended general quasi variational
inequalities is equivalent to a system of fixed point problems. Using this
alternative equivalent formulation, we propose and analyze Gauss-Seidel type
algorithms for solving a system of extended general quasi variational
inequalities. Convergence of new method is discussed under some suitable
conditions. Several special cases are discussed. Results obtained in this
paper continue to hold for these problems.
Wiener-type invariants on graph properties
Authors: Zhou Qiannan , Wang Ligong , Lu Yong
Published: July 2018

The Wiener-type invariants of a simple connected graph G = (V(G),E(G)) can
be expressed in terms of the quantities Wf = ?{u,v}?V(G) f(dG(u,v)) for
various choices of the function f (x), where dG(u,v) is the distance
between vertices u and v in G. In this paper, we mainly give some sufficient
conditions for a connected graph to be k-connected, ?-deficient,
k-hamiltonian, k-edge-hamiltonian, k-path-coverable or satisfy ?(G)? k.
A variational approach for fractional boundary value systems depending on two parameters
Authors: Afrouzi Ghasem , Kolagar Samad , Hadjian Armin , Xu Jiafa
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions to
nonlinear fractional boundary value systems, depending on two real
parameters. The approach is based on critical point theory and variational
methods. We also give an example to illustrate the obtained results.
Biharmonic pseudo-Riemannian submersions from 3-manifolds
Authors: Erken İrem , Murathan Cengizhan
Published: July 2018

We classify the pseudo-Riemannian biharmonic submersion from a 3-dimensional
space form onto a surface.
Bounds for generalized normalized δ-Casorati curvatures for submanifolds in Bochner Kaehler manifold
Authors: Aquib Mohd , Shahid Mohammad
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we prove sharp inequalities between the normalized scalar
curvature and the generalized normalized ?-Casorati curvatures for different
submanifolds in Bochner Kaehler manifold. Moreover, We also characterize
submanifolds on which the equalities hold.
Urbanismo: da experiência de ensino ao produto da aprendizagem em um caso aplicado ao campus da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG)
Authors: Paulino Araujo Alcantara Maria Natalia , Kneib Erika Cristine
Published: July 2018

Dada a complexidade e importância do tema urbanismo, destaca-se uma reflexão sobre a formação deste profissional, no âmbito do curso de graduação. Como tem acontecido o processo de ensino-aprendizagem do urbanismo nos cursos de arquitetura e urbanismo em universidades brasileiras? É neste contexto que insere-se o presente trabalho, que procura ilustrar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do tema urbanismo, no âmbito do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Para tal, apresenta-se um produto – um estudo de caso conformado por um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) - que reflete o processo de aprendizagem, com foco nas disciplinas de Urbanismo. Como metodologias de pesquisa, trabalha-se com pesquisa aplicada e pesquisa exploratória, incluindo-se um estudo de caso. O resultado permite avaliar a efetividade dos conceitos metodológicos adotados nas disciplinas, assim como algumas lacunas no processo atual.
FROM CONSENSUS TO SKEPTICISM? : ATTITUDES OF POLISH SOCIETY TOWARDS EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: SZCZEPANKIEWICZ-RUDZKA Ewa
Published: July 2018

Public opinion surveys conducted in Poland systematically since 2001 confirmed a high, more than 80-per cent, support for our membership in the EU structures. While the need for Poland's membership in the European Union has never been questioned, the issue of the development of European integration has aroused controversy and is still a cause of dispute. The hypothesis of the paper bases on two statements: (1) Polish society attitude towards European integration is more skeptical than would be apparent from the data on general support for EU membership, (2.) Current government, which has established Euroscepticism as the main direction of its foreign policy does not diverge from the mood and social expectations.
DIE WICHTIGSTE ALLER KÜNSTE: DER FILM ALS MEDIUM DES GEDÄCHTNISSES IN DER NACHKRIEGSPERIODE. DER WIDERSTAND IN NEPOȚII GORNISTULUI UND DAS BEIL VON WANDSBECK
Authors: GYÖNGY Antonela
Published: July 2018

The Most Important of All Arts: Constructing the Film as a Medium of Collective Memory in the Postwar Period: the Resistance in Nepoții Gornistului and Das Beil von Wandsbeck. The post-war period represented a time of political and social upheaval that largely affected collective memory. The present paper explores the question of how this collective memory was constructed by the medium of cinematography in Romania and GDR. On the basis of two film analysis, the topos of the resistance fighter is firstly examined as a main negotiation subject between filmmakers and party officials, in order to finally draw comparative conclusions on memory politics in both states.
 
Zusammenfassung: Die Nachkriegszeit stellte eine Zeitspanne der politischen und sozialen Umwälzungen dar, von denen das kollektive Gedächtnis weitgehend betroffen wurde. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie dieses Gedächtnis durch das Medium Film in Rumänien und DDR konstruiert wurde und versucht dabei anhand zweier Filmanalysen den Topos des Widerstandskämpfers als Gegenstand der Aushandlung zwischen Filmschaffenden und Parteifunktionären zu erfassen, um schließlich die gedächtnispolitischen Verhältnisse in Rumänien und DDR komparativ beleuchten zu können.
Schlüsselwörter: kollektives Gedächtnis, Widerstand, Film, Rumänien, DDR
APPLYING THE LOYAL OPPOSITION TRADITION TO FOREIGN POLICY: A U.S.-UKRAINE CASE STUDY
Authors: WINTERS Isaiah
Published: July 2018

This two-part research project analyzes U.S. foreign policy during the Ukraine Crisis from the viewpoint of loyalty to democracy. By applying the standard expected of loyal opposition parties to the U.S., the foreign policy approach taken is shown to have been disloyal to Ukraine’s fragile democracy, as it contributed to an undemocratic transition of power in the form of a coup d'état. Ultimately, the failure of the U.S. to remain loyal to Ukraine’s democratic process (the way a “loyal opposition state” would have) is explained by the Obama administration’s liberal imperialist approach to foreign policy, whose first loyalty was to U.S. interests, not Ukrainian political sovereignty.
PRIVATIZATION OF SECURITY IN THE 20TH CENTURY. FROM MERCENARIES TO PRIVATE MILITARY CORPORATIONS
Authors: GOGA Ramona Ioana
Published: July 2018

The present paper aims to emphasize the context of the privatization of security in the 20th century and to show the differences between these newly created corporations and the old mercenaries. Moreover, it also highlights the changing the role of mercenaries and their way of action in contemporary peripheries, which erase the idea of what they previously meant and give us a different view regarding their position in the midst of intra-state wars of the period. If in the past centuries the states were contracting mercenaries to take part in hostilities during armed conflicts, whose main motivation was to obtain personal benefits and privileges, now they would rather take into account the private security services. Furthermore, the privatization of violence and the emergence of private military corporations is described, and information is provided on one of the most well-known corporations, namely Blackwater.
Monitoramento da perda de qualidade da água ao longo da rede de distribuição do SAAE do município de Formiga-MG.
Authors: Frade Paulo Ricardo
Published: July 2018

Introdução: O controle e a vigilância da qualidade da água têm sido extremamente tímidas, muitos municípios e localidades não dispõem de funcionários e de laboratórios capazes de realizar o monitoramento da qualidade da água, do manancial ao sistema de distribuição, tendo, até mesmo, dificuldades em cumprir as exigências do Ministério da Saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da água em diferentes pontos de amostragens ao longo da rede de distribuição de água do Sistema Autônomo de Água e Esgoto (SAAE) do município de Formiga – MG. Metodologia: As coletas foram realizadas nas bombas de distribuição do SAAE, e em diferentes bairros da cidade ao longo do sistema de distribuição, totalizando 16 pontos. Os procedimentos de coleta e acondicionamento foram realizados conforme o manual da Embrapa. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata, sendo analisadas 48 amostras de água. Os parâmetros analisados foram Coliformes totais, Escherichia Colli, Bactérias heterotróficas, Cor, pH, Turbidez e Cloro. Todas as análises foram feitas no laboratório do SAAE. Os resultados foram comparados aos recomendados pela Portaria 2914/2011 e analisados por estatística descritiva, variância ANOVA e Teste de Tukey. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram-se satisfatórios, com exceção do parâmetro cloro que em alguns pontos apresentou-se abaixo dos teores mínimos exigidos pela legislação. Conclusão: apesar das variações observadas entre os parâmetros, de um modo geral a água distribuída para a população está de acordo com os padrões de potabilidade. Sugere-se um monitoramento com maior frequência nestes locais que obtiveram divergências significativas, principalmente nos órgãos de saúde, onde o cloro se manteve abaixo do permitido.
The Readings of John Dewey’s Work and the Intersection of Catholicism: The Cases of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza and the Thesis of Father Alberto Hurtado, S.J. on Dewey
Authors: Bruno-Jofre Rosa , Jover Gonzalo
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the way the intersections with religion affected the readings of Dewey and progressive education themes in two discursive Spanish-speaking scenarios. The first scenario refers to how Dewey was read by the Spanish Institución Libre de Enseñanza within the context of the religious (Catholic) debate that took place in Spain during the first decade of the twentieth century. The second refers to the reading of Dewey by Father Alberto Hurtado (recently canonized), a Chilean Jesuit priest, a graduate from Louvain in 1935, and founder of the Hogar de Cristo, who had an important educational presence in Chile. The intersection of Catholicism was relevant in the two scenarios although the mediations were substantially different. Both readings purposely separated Dewey’s pedagogical thinking from his pragmatist philosophy. However, while Father Hurtado did a Catholic reading to articulate Dewey’s pedagogical thinking with religious transcendence, the members of the Institución read Dewey with the intention of liberating education from religious dogmatism, but still keeping a transcendental vision of the humane. The two scenarios show not only that habits and belief systems set limits on what can be integrated in a concept of education, but also the relevance of contingent conditions in the articulation of educational theories and practices.
Musically Creolizing Subjects: Re(envisioning) world music education
Authors: Hess Juliet
Published: July 2018

This paper explores possibilities for constructing creole subjects through world music education. Creolization results from the “fusing and mixing of cultures forced to cohabit together to render something else possible” (Walcott, 2009, p. 170 citing Hall, 2003, p. 193). As cultures fuse musically, our identity shifts. We become creole subjects through the encounters we experience, particularly, Walcott (2009) posits, in highly diverse urban spaces. The mobile nature of cultures is intrinsic to world music. My participation in an Ewe ensemble in Toronto demonstrates that cultures travel musically. The question then becomes: when cultures travel, who or what is refigured or remade and what becomes possible after the encounter? I posit that these encounters affect all parties; people become creole subjects—subjects constantly affected by their continuously changing cultural environments.

In this paper, I think about this idea from a utopian perspective. I find thinking in this manner particularly useful in thinking about the future. In many ways, I feel we are mired down in academia with discussions of race and the “crisis of raciology” (Gilroy, 2000, Chapter 1) and that it might be quite productive to think beyond. I begin by arguing that there is the potential for world music education to be a colonizing project. I look specifically to Said (1993) and Thobani (2007) to inform my thinking on this topic. From there, I explore what might happen when an encounter facilitated through world music education occurs and the impact that this encounter could have on the way we define the category of the human. Finally, I think about what might occur after this encounter and redefinition take place.
Keeping the Kids in School: What the drama class tells us
Authors: McLauchlan Debra
Published: July 2018

This study used questionnaires and interviews to discover senior secondary students’ perceptions of their drama class experiences in three different schools from an Ontario public board of education. Questionnaire results from entire classes supported interview results from four students in each class. No notable differences in student perceptions emerged, either between boys and girls, or among the three schools. Findings uncovered student attitudes about scholastic motivation, retention, and success that might be applicable across subject areas. For example, they enjoyed opportunities for physical mobility, peer interaction, and self-expression. They praised authentic, challenging, and relevant learning tasks that culminated in displays for audiences beyond their own classrooms. More than subject content, students valued drama class as a vehicle for enduring personal and social growth.
Seeking Harmony: Teachers' perspectives on learning to teach in and through the arts
Authors: Andrews B. W.
Published: July 2018

This inquiry examined teachers' perspectives on learning to teach in and through the arts by administering multiple protocols - a focus group, questionnaire and survey - throughout an integrated arts professional development program involving artists. Findings indicate that when artists are involved in professional upgrading, teachers acquire the confidence to express themselves freely, they are willing to teach the arts in their own classrooms, they realize the potential and value of the arts within the school curriculum, and they develop arts-specific teaching expertise. Further, the teachers' sensitivity to their own creativity and openness to experimentation is heightened, and an awareness of the potential of the arts to develop a student's imagination, intuition and personal expressiveness is developed.
What is the Student Participation at the Time of Artists’ Presentations in Primary Schools?
Authors: Lemonchois Myriam
Published: July 2018

Many definitions of participation exist. How do children participate in artistic projects? This article presents a research project on children’s participation in a project entitled « Libres comme l’art. » This project allows Montreal primary schools in a selected environment to receive artists in residence. These residences are significant projects, because they establish long-term situations where adults and children have to make creative decisions together. The research will thus approach a contemporary educational problem (children’s participation), in agreement with the Convention on the rights of the child adopted in 1989, from the point of view of children on their own participation.
Conceptualising Visual Learning as an Embodied and Performative Pedagogy for all Classrooms
Authors: Grushka Kathryn
Published: July 2018

The challenge for arts educators is to find language and conceptual framings for visual art education that resonate with the transformative and literacy aims of mainstream education and position visual learning as essential. The unique value of visual knowing is now an imperative in our ocularcentric culture where new technologies, consumerism and unprecedented mobility impacts on all students in the twenty first century. Visual creative adaptability and its culturally located critical and generative understandings draw from our sense-rich world of human experience. Grounded in the theories of communicative knowing (Habermas,1976), becoming as the experience of performing self (Deleuze, 2001, 2004), experience and creativity as personal agency (Semetsky, 2003) and informed by socio-cultural inquiry, visuality and art practice as research (Sullivan, 2005) the research connects explicitly to socio-cultural values. This paper presents a conceptual model of Visual Embodied and Performative Pedagogy as a renewed language for visual arts education. It is grounded in material embodied practices, socio-cultural learning and identities understanding as they emerge in an ethico-aesthetic learning space that contributes to participatory democracy.

The paper argues that the embodied and performative visual experience is central to personal socio-cultural inquiry and subjectivity insights. The paper will foreground the theoretical arguments for Visual Embodied and Performative Pedagogy of self with empirical Australian visual education research, between 2004-2007 (Dinham, Grushka, MacCallum, Brown, Wright, & Pasco, 2007; Grushka, 2009). It centers the significance of images in society and the need for all students to develop visual communicative competencies. The benefits of socially embedded and embodied visual inquiry are argued. In so doing it calls into question the illustrative and often secondary role afforded to visual communicative proficiency found in visual arts education and its related learning outcomes. It argues that it is an essential way of knowing for the mediation of ideas and feelings in the new image oriented society.
Contributors
Authors: Bruno-Jofré Rosa
Published: July 2018

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Introduction
Authors: O’Farrell Larry
Published: July 2018

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A Source for Freire’s Philosophy of Human Nature and its Educational Implications
Authors: Harris Fred
Published: July 2018

A major source for Freire’s focus on culture in his codifications and, by implication, his pedagogy of the oppressed, has been neglected in the literature: Erich Kahler’s work (1943). Kahler’s definition of human beings, as beings of discernment and transcendence in contradistinction to animals, forms the backbone of Freire’s own views on human nature. In particular, Freire’s distinction of being in the world and being with the world as conditions for being a subject of education is derived from Kahler’s work. Theoretically, Freire transforms Kahler’s separation of humans from non-human animals into a dialectical unity of discernment and transcendence in which each mediates the other, and pedagogically Freire embodies such a unity in the codifications on culture. The separation of humans from non-human animals also grounds Freire’s insistence that the curriculum must be formulated on site rather than formulated a priori.
Student Participation in University Life and Governance
Authors: Trilla Bernet Jaime , Jover Gonzalo , Martínez Miquel , Romañá Teresa
Published: July 2018

This paper uses several different perspectives to investigate how students participate in university life. In the first section we propose a few conceptual and taxonomic stipulations on the different ways of participating. A number of different modes of participation are analyzed and subsequently divided into three typologies: the first distinguishes among four generic types of participation; the second sets the modes of student participation at the university depending on the purpose; and the third typology uses a criterion referring to the ways such participation is carried out. In the second section, we place participation at the university within a broader framework of young people’s participation in general. We then present data on young people’s participation and the typology of the political activism they most often carry out and on the knowledge, use, and valuation of certain kinds of systems of student participation at the university. The third section presents two studies on what students think about participation. In the last section, we formulate a set of questions open for debate and reflection on this topic.
Transnationalization of Teacher Education: A New Paradigm for Ontario?
Authors: Whitehead LeRoy E.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this article is to make an informal assessment of the degree to which concepts of transnationalization are viable in pre-service teacher education programs in the Province of Ontario, Canada, using one Ontario Faculty’s program as a test case. Two selected articles are analyzed for the purpose of identifying some salient themes or characteristics of transnationalized teacher education programs and of effective teachers working in transnationalized settings. The test case program is then analyzed to identify which, if any, of these themes or characteristics are present in the program. Factors that may either promote or impede further steps toward transnationalization of the program are identified. The conclusion is that transnationalization could be a viable paradigm for teacher education in Ontario.
Formación de los educadores: los desafíos de la coyuntura histórica y el coraje para imaginar el futuro
Authors: Bruno-Jofré Rosa , Jover Gonzalo , Cox Cristián , Johnston James Scott , Tröhler Daniel
Published: July 2018

N/A
George Grant’s Cosmopolitan Critique of Education
Authors: Pinar William Frederick
Published: July 2018

A cosmopolitan curriculum encourages students to grapple with the “problem of my life and flesh.” That “problem” is simultaneously autobiographical, historical, biospheric. It is a problem to be studied as it is lived through and acted upon. What makes curriculum “cosmopolitan” is its subjective structuration, informed by and addressed to the historical moment, within which subjectivity occurs and takes social form. Cosmopolitan curriculum may claim disciplinary and/or interdisciplinary associations; its educational significance is its provision of passages between the past and present.
A tale of two Sister-Principals: Mother Mary Edward (Catherine) McKinley, Sisters of Providence of St Vincent de Paul (Kingston, ON) and Mother Mary of Providence (Catherine) Horan, Sisters of Providence of Holyoke, MA
Authors: Smyth Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

This paper analyzes the career of two Sister-Principals who began their religious life in the same congregation: Mother Mary Edward (Catherine) McKinley and Mother Mary of Providence (Catherine) Horan. Depending on whose version of history you read, these women were rival religious or virtuous sisters in habit. Drawing on archival sources and their own writings, the paper analyzes the perceptions, in their own words, of the experiences Mother Mary Edward McKinley and Mother Mary of Providence Horan as Sister-Principals. It also provides an assessment of the historical significance of their careers as case studies of Sister-Principals. The careers of the two Sister-Principals reveal much: both members of the Sisters of Providence of Vincent de Paul (Kingston), both committed to the social welfare of the poor, both forced unwillingly to be Sister-Principals; both elected as congregational leaders; both memorialized in the public domain as powerful women leaders.
Neoliberalism, Subversion and Democracy in Education
Authors: Portelli John P. , Konecny Christina Patricia
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to further address what we regard as the detrimental influence that neoliberalism has had on any and all commitments to democratic ideals in educational settings. The argument is simply that a robust pluralism and cosmopolitanism in educational theory sits in tension with the neoliberalism of contemporary western mass-society. Our argument has two parts. First, we argue that the neoliberal hegemony of contemporary North American schooling is oppressive insofar as it negates and stifles any effort to enact democratic practices within classrooms settings, while simultaneously producing systemic inequities, dehumanization and instrumentalization of teachers and students in schools. We then argue for an educational ethic of subversion, an ethic that we see as warranted, justified and often necessary in the face of systems of schooling that are organized according to the logic of neoliberalism.
Cultural learning and historical memory: A research agenda
Authors: Myers Kevin , Grosvenor Ian
Published: July 2018

Over the past two decades, there have been significant developments in the field of cultural learning. In museums, galleries, archives, and in myriad informal educational activities, children and adults have been encouraged to identify, explore, and celebrate their heritages in an attempt to combat social exclusion and promote individual and collective well-being. This paper argues that projects for cultural learning are important educational interventions, but their operation and outcomes are matters that require further research. In particular, cultural learning offers opportunities for historians of education to critically engage with important topics around history, memory, and identity. Yet, this critical engagement will also require reconsidering and refining the theoretical models currently popular in the history of education.

DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2014.01
What is modernization? Eurocentrism and periodization
Authors: McNutt James
Published: July 2018

This discussion will attempt to elucidate the various employments of the term ‘modernity’ in historical scholarship. I argue, following Dipesh Chakrabarty’s article “The Muddle of Modernity,” that the use of the term modernity privileges those societies of the industrialized West. This focus on the modern privileges modernity as an era at the apex of societal development in those time periods where industrialization occurred. Through the course of this discussion, I also argue that this periodization encompasses an idealized modernity which was conceived as the pinnacle of human society. In this view, all other societies and time periods were in the process of mirroring the modernized society. The sources for this paper are various surveys of national history, ranging from the developed European nations, such as France and England, to the so-called ‘developing’ nations, such as South Africa and Pakistan. These monographs, despite their variety in content, share their focus of the state’s attempt to develop and/or to maintain political institutions, as well as to acquire, to a varying degree, industrial capital. These focuses lend themselves to a somewhat ‘Whiggish’ perspective on history in which ‘progress’ ever increases through time toward the present day.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2014.07
Data provenance, metadata, and reflexivity: Comments on method
Authors: Curtis Bruce
Published: July 2018

Researchers faced with large, routinely-generated record systems may think themselves compelled to choose between accepting their empirical materials as given in order to pursue research questions, or closely examining the provenance of their materials. I argue that researchers can employ a reflexive historical method that allows us to both address research questions with evidence, as well as to examine how the provenance of our sources shapes our research practice.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2014.03
Enseñanza de la historia e identidad nacional. Un vínculo a historizar desde la experiencia chilena 1850-1930
Authors: Serrano Sol
Published: July 2018

La historia de la educación y la didáctica de la historia suelen sostener que la enseñanza de la historia y los ritos cívicos fueron forjadores de la identidad nacional y de los nacionalismos a partir de la formación de los estados nacionales en el siglo XIX. Este artículo intenta historizar este supuesto en base al estudio del caso de Chile entre 1850-1930 incorporando variables como clase social, genero, etnia, asentamiento territorial, demografía con sus distintos ritmos y periodificaciones. Concluye que la historia nacional fue marginal en relación a la historia europea y que fue minoritaria dentro del currículo; que” lo” nacional se incluye tardíamente y transversalmente en el currículo; que los alumnos que estudiaron historia fueron una franca minoría dentro de una ya baja cobertura escolar. Muestra los debates ideológicos sobre la historia nacional en los textos escolares y los ritos cívicos en la vida escolar concluyendo que fueron “desde arriba” y minoritarios en relación a los ritos y actividades propias de los establecimientos. Concluye a si mismo que la identidad de la comunidad escolar y de la comunidad local fueron predominantes y que sin ella, el estudio de la “identidad nacional” resulta abstracta y lineal.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2014.11
The future of Spanish public Universities: The challenges of the excellence debate
Authors: Lázaro Herrero Luján
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze the challenges facing Spanish public universities at a crucial moment for defining their essence. The political, economic, and social circumstances of the current moment oblige us to reflect on the role that universities should play today. This reflection will be essential in responding to the ever more exacting demands of market economies, the kinds of societies in which they are immersed. So, this paper tries to analyse the repercussions that global changes in politics and economics are having on public universities in Spain. Once again, we shall discover how globalization processes determine the education planning of a country. On this point, the compass of governance has set the course of the educational institutions for economic efficiency, following a set of market criteria which involve their own funding and results. Recently a report was made public by the Panel of Experts for the Reform of the Spanish University System, who were designated by the Minister of Education, Culture and Sports, José Ignacio Wert. This document invites social debate on the role of higher education institutions, at the same time that it poses the need for undertaking a series of unavoidable transformations affecting all university spheres and that are marked by the path of academic excellence and international competition.http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2015.10
Integrating the cosmopolitan and the local – The curricular construction of citizens in Luxembourg in the long 19th century
Authors: Schreiber Catherina
Published: July 2018

During the 19th century new forms of government emerged, understanding themselves explicitly as nation-states. The new definition of the state had to include its members by defining them as citizens, a definition which included both equalizing and differentiating aspects. The education system fulfilled a key role in educating these future citizens. While the principal setting was not a national, I intend to show how this national logic shaped constructions of various types of nation-state citizens made through the public school based on empirical evidence from the Luxembourgian curriculum. In an exemplifying way, the motivation behind the respective changes and continuities will be uncovered concerning social differentiation in secondary education and a strong regional differentiation in the homebound lower branches of education.http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2015.11