bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Logika Fuzzy untuk Perilaku Dinamis pada Sistem Crafting dalam Game Pembelajaran Aritmatika
Authors: Fajero Andrean Nugraha , Haryanto Hanny , Sutojo T. , Mulyanto Edy
Published: April 2020

Sistem crafting sebagai mekanik utama dapat menjadi solusi mengatasi kemonotonan gameplay dalam suatu serious game. Sistem crafting dapat diaplikasikan dalam game aritmatika yang mempunyai banyak materi berupa perhitungan. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah sistem crafting yang kombinasi itemnya sedikit dan sudah diketahui sebelumnya sehingga membuat pemain game cepat merasa bosan, oleh karena itu perlu dirancang sebuah sistem crafting yang dinamis menggunakan kecerdasan buatan.  Logika fuzzy adalah metode dalam kecerdasan buatan yang dapat menangani permasalahan yang bersifat intuitif. Metode tersebut digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk membuat hasil dari kombinasi item dalam sistem crafting menjadi lebih terlihat dinamis dan tidak monoton. Item yang dikombinasikan dalam penelitian ini berupa batuan dan menggunakan parameter masukan berupa nilai dari batuan dasar untuk perhitungan dalam menentukan kualitas batu yang dihasilkan. Sedangkan nama atau jenis batu baru yang dihasilkan ditentukan dari nama batuan dasar yang digunakan dan sudah ditentukan sebelumnya supaya terlihat lebih bervariasi. Sistem crafting ini akan diterapkan dalam serious game berupa game pendidikan aritmatika dasar. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu sistem fuzzy berhasil menciptakan batu baru dengan kualitas yang lebih variatif, tidak monoton dan lebih terlihat dinamis sesuai dengan nilai dari batu dasar yang digunakan untuk crafting.
UJI KINERJA MESIN DIESEL GENERATOR MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR MODE SISTEM DUAL FUEL SOLAR DAN SYNGAS HASIL GASIFIKASI DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG
Authors: Djafar Romi , Ginting Agus Susanto
Published: April 2020

Saat ini ketersediaan bakar fosil  semakin  langka serta harganya semakin meningkat sehingga dibutuhkan  sumber energi  alternatif  yang sifatnya dapat diperbaharui. Sumber energi alternatif seperti biomasa dapat dikonversi menjadi syngas melalui proses gasifikasi untuk bebrbagai keperluan misal Internal combustion engine (ICE).

                Pada penelitian ini dilakukan aplikasi syngas reaktor downdraft dari bahan bakar tongkol jagung untuk mesin diesel generator set. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui performa reaktor gasifikasi, performa mesin diesel, dan mengetahui jumlah bahan bakar solar yang tergantikan dengan adanya penambahan syngas.  Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian maka produser gas dilewatkan melalui saluran inlet gas analizer yang beroperasi secara real time kemudian keluar menuju intake manifold mesin diesel.  Adapun variasi pembebanan yang dilakukan adalah 200-2000 Watt pada interval 200 Watt dengan kecepatan konstan mesin diesel  sebesar 1500 rpm.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen syngas yang dihasilkan masing-masing kosentrasi adalah O2 (10,2-26,7%), H2 (7,9-13,6%), CH4 (6,6-19,5%), CO (9,2-16,5%), CO2 (6,3-14,5%).dan N2 (59.8-43.3%). Efisiensi gas dingin gasifikasi diperoleh sebesar 35.5% dengan komsumsi bahan bakar sebesar 1.22 kg/jam.kW. Sedangkan jumlah bahan bakar solar yang tergantikan dengan adanya penambahan syngas yaitu sebesar 47.4%. Secara menyeluruh efisiensi total sistem diperoleh sebesar 10.8%.

Kata Kunci: Reaktor, Dual Fuel, Syngas. Efisiensi
A eficiência nas decisões das tutelas de urgência no Novo CPC para a efetivação dos direitos da personalidade
Authors: Marteli Fais Feriato Juliana , Rosa Perin de Marchi Giovanna
Published: April 2020

Com a mudança do Código de Processo Civil em 2015, mudaram-se também as regras para a concessão das Tutelas de Urgência, na qual, segundo o artigo 300, verifica a necessidade da constatação, pelo jurista, do resultado útil do processo para sua concessão. Na mesma linha, o jurista americano Richard A. Posner, ao criar a teoria de justiça social, propondo a análise econômica do direito em seu livro “A Economia da Justiça”, constatou a necessidade do diálogo entre Direito e Economia para a concretização da justiça. O presente estudo buscará trazer, utilizando-se da metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre a efetividade do instituto das Tutelas de Urgência do Código de Processo Civil, a importância da teoria da economia do bem-estar social proposta por Richard A. Posner para assegurar o resultado útil do processo e concretizar, consequentemente, os Direitos da Personalidade.
Pena de morte e Lei Islâmica
Authors: Perez Bernardes de Moraes Thiago
Published: April 2020

A maior parte dos países contemporâneos que aplica a pena de morte de maneira mais severa e que pouco ou nada assistem às recomendações dos direitos humanos são países muçulmanos que praticam a lei tradicional Sharia. Todavia, vale destacar que apesar de existirem países inflexíveis no que tange a aplicação da Sharia, há outros que buscam conciliar as especificidades da lei Sharia à proteção da vida humana e a dignidade como estabelecido no direito internacional. Neste trabalho expõe-se que, apesar de a primeira vista parecer haver um contexto irreconciliável, existe indubitável compatibilidade entre os preceitos dos direitos humanos e a aplicação da Sharia, e aqui se destacam as salvaguardas previstas para a não aplicação da pena de morte e que em muitos casos levam essa a abolição deste ou ao menos que ela seja usada apenas como recurso de última instância.
“Vida com dignidade”: Art. 1º, §1º da Constituição alemã como direito fundamental subjacente aos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Nettesheim Martin
Published: April 2020

A disputa em torno da compreensão do art. 1º, §1º da Lei Fundamental só arrefeceutemporariamente. O desenvolvimento tecnológico nos obrigará a ocupar-nos com a seguinte questão:em que vemos a dignidade humana? A tese subjacente ao presente artigo é que o art. 1º, §1º daConstituição alemã não protege uma qualidade particular que esteja contida na essência do serhumano. Esse dispositivo protege, isto sim, uma “vida com dignidade”. No ordenamento da LeiFundamental, sua característica constitui um conceito substancial de autonomia.
Антимикробная активность лиофилизированного водного извлечения Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir.
Authors: Какорин Павел Алексеевич , Фатеева Татьяна Владимировна , Терешкина Ольга Ивановна , Перова Ирина Борисовна , Раменская Галина Владиславовна , Сологова Сусанна Сергеевна , Эллер Константин Исаакович
Published: April 2020

На основании ранее проведенных исследований установлен профиль флавоноидов лиофилизированного водного извлечения, полученного из побегов C. jubata. В связи с тем, что, согласно данным литературы, флавоноиды являются потенциальными ингибиторами микроорганизмов, проведено изучение антимикробной активности лиофилизата в опытах in vitro с использованием скринигового метода определения антимикробной активности для препаратов растительного происхождения. При изучении бактериостатической и фунгистатической активности в опытах in vitro использовали метод двукратного серийного разведения препаратов в жидких питательных средах. В результате исследования лиофилизированного водного извлечения караганы гривастой установлено наличие умеренной антимикробной активности в отношении всех изученных штаммов патогенных микроорганизмов: грамположительных и грамотрицательных бактерий (S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa), дрожжеподобных и мицелиальных грибов (C. albicans, M. canis). Полученные данные позволяют рекомендовать лиофилизированное водное извлечение караганы гривастой для создания на его основе лекарственных форм наружного применения для лечения заболеваний кожи и слизистых оболочек, связанных с бактериальным воспалительным процессом.
Нанокластеры серебра в биохимии и медицине (обзор)
Authors: Пчёлкин Василий Петрович
Published: April 2020

В обзоре сделана попытка объединить разрозненные сведения о некоторых наиболее характерных свойствах атомов серебра в составе нанокластеров и наночастиц, а также показать удачные варианты их практического использования в аналитических целях в составе комплексов с разнообразными органическими соединениями природного происхождения. Приведены сведения зарубежных публикаций последних лет о наноразмерных частицах серебра, а также их моно- или биметаллических кластерах с атомами золота, существующих в виде устойчивых систем коллоидных соединений или химически связанных в сложные структуры с различными органическими и неорганическими сорбентами, интенсивно применяющимися в генетических и биохимических исследованиях, а также в медицинской практике.
Daily Activity Dynamics of Different Species (Diptera, Culicidae) of Blood-Sucking Mosquitoes in the South of the Tyumen Region
Authors: Khlyzova Tatiana A.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research is studying features of daily activity of different blood-sucking mosquito species from the southern taiga subareas, and aspen and birch forests of the Tyumen Region woodland and forest-steppe zone. Materials and methods. The researches were conducted in 2005–2015 in the south of the Tyumen Region in three natural environment and climatic areas (subareas), namely, the southern taiga, the aspen and birch forests, and the forest-steppe zone. The surveys were carried out in each of three subareas twice in the summertime, namely, in June and July. The census of biting mosquitoes was held using an entomological net with detachable sacs. An interval between the censuses held was 2 hours. The temperature, relative air humidity, wind velocity and precipitation were recorded simultaneously. In determining a species composition of the blood-sucking mosquito imago, special identification tables were applied; specific names were given in accordance with the current list of valid specific names. Results and discussion. Blood-sucking mosquito number in the south of the Tyumen Region is high within 24 hours. The maximum number and a peak in species diversity were observed at 11 p.m. in all-natural environment and climatic areas of the Region. In studying a 24-hour rhythm, attacks by 29 mosquito species of the Culicidae family, which belong to five genera, namely, Anopheles, Culiseta, Coquillettidia, Aedes and Culex were detected. In terms of temperature, they can roughly be divided into two groups. The first group (10 species) includes species that attack actively at 10 to 20°С, and the second group (19 species) includes species that attack actively at 10 to 30°С. High flight activity of mosquitoes can be observed at 12.6–26°С, relative air humidity of 54–99% and light intensity of 0–8600 lux. Given night temperatures are relatively high, the main factor that limits mosquito night activity is fog occurrence with air humidity up to 100%. One of the limiting factors for mosquitoes is strong wind; when wind velocity was 5 m/sec, attacks by few individual mosquitoes were only detected. The female mosquito activity is influenced by their overall number – the higher the mosquito number is, the harder they find a feeder and receive required blood meal.
Method for Collecting Pasture Ticks by Cylinder-Shaped Drags
Authors: Reshetnikov Aleksandr D. , Barashkova Anastasia I.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research is developing a method to collect pasture ticks where their number is small. Materials and methods. The work was done in 2013–2016. The patent search was conducted according to the task and the search schedule. We found sufficient literature sources and protection documents on the investigated issue. Investigational studies were performed to design an instrument to collect pasture ticks. Results and discussion. A method was developed to collect pasture ticks where their number is small. In order to do this, an instrument was designed which had a cylinder shape and was covered with a cloth called a drag. A rod was placed through the cylinder axle, having its ends connected to each other with a cord to drag the cylinder on the grass. Cylinder rotation when dragged through the grass brings the cloth in contact with ticks without being displaced in relation to one another. A patent of the Russian Federation was obtained under number No. 2544088 “Method for Collecting Ticks”.
Acute Oral Toxicity of the Supramolecular Complex Based on Albendazole and Triclabendazole (Altric-Extra) in Laboratory Outbred Mice and Rats
Authors: Lagereva Ekaterina V. , Abramov Vladislav E.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the acute toxicity of Altric-Extra when introduced into the stomach to mice and rats. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in the vivarium of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants. The acute toxicity of Altric-Extra was determined on 20 white outbred male mice weighing 19.3–23.3 g, 10 animals in a group and on 30 white outbred male rats weighing 150–196 g, 6 animals in a group. Altric-Extra was administered to mice of the experimental group once into the stomach in the form of a suspension in a dose of 5,986 mg/kg at the rate of 0.2 ml/10 g of body weight. Altric-Extra rats were also administered once into the stomach in the form of a suspension at the rate of 2.0 ml/100 g body weight. As a carrier in the preparation of the suspension, 1% starch gel was used. The experimental rats of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were given Altric-Extra at doses of 4,580.2 mg/kg, 3,846.2; 3,088.8 and 1,577.9 mg/ kg respectively. Mice and rats of the control groups were administered once with 1% starch gel. For 14 days, the behavior and condition of the animals was monitored. The body weight of the experimental animals was measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 9th and 14th days of the experiment. Results and discussion. Medium lethal doses of LD50 have been established for oral administration to laboratory animals. For mice, the LD50 was more than 5 986 mg/kg, i.e., according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, Altrick-Extra belongs to hazard class 4 (low-hazard substances). On rats, the LD50 was 3 103.1±48.5 mg/kg (2,354.6÷3,851.5 mg/kg). Therefore, Altrik-Extra belongs to hazard class 3 (substances are moderately hazardous).
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN METODE GALPERIN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMA
Authors: Taqwa Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen. Tujuan penelitian: (1) Untuk memperoleh gambaran deskriptif hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode Galperin dan metode ekspositori, (2) Untuk memperoleh gambaran deskriptif aktivitas siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode Galperin dan metode ekspositori, (3) Untuk memperoleh gambaran deskriptif respon siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode Galperin dan metode ekspositori, (4) Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan metode Galperin dibandingkan dengan metode ekspositori. Satuan eksperimen yaitu siswa SMA Negeri 1 Bungoro pada semester ganjil  2011/2012 dan diberi perlakuan 2 kelas. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian: (1) Rata-rata hasil belajar matematika yang diajar dengan metode Galperin lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang diajar dengan metode ekspositori, (2) Aktivitas siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode Galperin lebih baik dibandingkan aktivitas siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode ekspositori, (3) Respons siswa yang diajar menggunakan metode Galperin lebih  positif dengan respons siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode ekspositori, (4) Berdasarkan indikator keefektifan, pembelajaran dengan metode Galperin efektif diterapkan pada siswa SMA Negeri 1 Bungoro khususnya materi  program linear dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran dengan metode ekspositori, hal ini tercermin dari perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar, ketuntasan klasikal, aktivitas siswa, dan respons siswa.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Lestari Indah , Putri Noviana Ratna
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pada kemampuan berpikir kritis siwa yang masih rendah, siswa cenderung mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika yang berbentuk essay dengan penyelesaian yang membutuhkan kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir kritis. Solusi dalam permasalahan ini bisa dilakukan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran yang tepat, model pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning menjadi solusi yang dilakukan peneliti untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis karena model ini menekankan pada proses berpikir kritis dan analisis untuk mencari dan menemukan jawaban dari suatu masalah yang dipermasalahkan Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 215 Jakarta Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII G sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII F sebagai kelas kontrol yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling berjumlah 60 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrument tes berupa soal essay berjumlah 10 soal yang telah melalui tahap validasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji-t. Penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan model pembelajaran inquiry based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS) BERBASIS ICARE PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , Asrullah Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Secara rinci tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui dan mendiskripsikan kualitas LKS berbasis ICARE  pada materi Trigonometri ditinjau dari segi kevalidan, efektifitas  dan kepraktisan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan (Research and Development) melalui model ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementasion, evaluation) yang melibatkan 2 orang guru matematika dan 10 orang siswa, pada uji coba pemakaian yang menjadi subjek uji coba adalah satu kelas. Instrumen penelitian yaitu  instrumen validasi produk dari segi materi dan desain, instrumen persepsi guru dan siswa untuk mengetahui efektifitas LKS, instrumen observasi dan tes pilihan ganda dengan empat alternative pilihan jawaban. Untuk instrumen tes pilihan ganda dilakukan uji coba terlebih dahulu agar tes yang digunakan berkualitas kemudian dilakukan analisis item. Analisis ini digunakan untuk mengetahui validitas, daya pembeda, indeks kesukaran dan realibilitas. Hasil penelitian ini: (1) Lembar Kerja Siswa berbasis ICARE pada materi persamaan trigonometri memiliki kualitas baik karena telah memenuhi 3 aspek yaitu valid, efektif dan praktis.
الاستعارة والتمثيل الحِجاجي في خُطبِ المرجعيةِ الدينية العليا خُطبُ 2017 انموذجاً
Authors: عباس هاله صادق
Published: April 2020

ملخص

       الاستعارة والتمثيل من التقنيات البلاغية المهمة التي يستعملها الخطيب لغرض تحقيق الأهداف الحِجاجية , فالاستعارة لها أهمية في عملية تصوير الأشياء ولا يمكن إدراك العالم إلاّ من خلالها فكان تأثيرها من حيث أهميتها شبيهاً بدور الحواس , أمّا التمثيل فهو يربط بين صورتين من اجل ان يصل الخطيب إلى بيان حججه لإقناع المتلقي والتأثير فيه . لذا تناول البحث التقنيات البلاغية المتضمنة (الاستعارة والتمثيل الحِجاجي) في خُطب المرجعيةِ الدينية العليا 2017 , واختتمت البحث بخاتمة أتيتُ فيها على أهم النتائج , وبعدها ثبت المصادر والمراجع التي اعتمدتُ عليها في هذا البحث .
التوزيع الجغرافي لزراعة محاصيل الخضراوات في محافظة ميسان
Authors: ذاكر توفيق أ. د شهلة
Published: April 2020

المستخلص:

     تستند هذه الدراسة الى معرفة التحليل المكاني لزراعة محاصيل الخضراوات في محافظة ميسان بين قضاء وقضاء أخر وسبب ازدياد المساحة في تلك القضاء وانخفاضه في قضاء أخر , وقد تبين من ذلك أن سعة المساحة التي تتمتع بها الخضروات الصيفية أكبر من سعة المساحة التي تتمتع بها الخضروات الشتوية , وتم تمثيل محاصيل الخضروات معتمدة في ذلك على أساس وحدة المساحة والإنتاج والغلة وتم استخدام تقنية التحويل اللوغاريتمي في استخدام وحدة المساحة والإنتاج وتقنية الفئات المتساوية الأطوال في تمثيل الإنتاجية وتم تمثيلها على الخرائط .
الجغرافية أثر المناخ والموارد المائية في زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير في محافظة النجف الاشرف
Authors: العتابي م. ايمان عبد الحسين
Published: April 2020

الملخص يعد القمح من المواد الغذائية الاساسية , كونه المادة الاساس في صناعة رغيف الخبز و المعجنات و ياتي في المرتبة الثانية للانسان بعد الرز في اهميته الغذائية في اماكن متعددة من العالم(منها العراق وبضمنه منطقة الدراسة) , وقيمته الغذائية متأتية من احتوائه للمادة النشوية والآزوتية . كذلك الحال بالنسبة لمحصول الشعير الذي يعد من المحاصيل الهامة في العالم إذ يأتي في المرتبة الثالثة عالميا من حيث الأهمية الاقتصادية بعد الأرز والذرة . وجاء البحث بخمس مباحث , كان الاول عبارة عن اطارا نظريا , اما الثاني فتناول الخصائص الطبيعية لمنطقة الدراسة , وناقش الثالث اثر المناخ في زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير , اما المبحث الرابع فتناول اثر الموارد المائية في زراعة محصولي القمح والشعير, وجاء المبحث الخامس ليلقي الضوء على التوزيع الجغرافي لانتاج محصولي القمح والشعير في محافظة النجف الاشرف . وخلص البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها تاثر انتاج محصولي القمح والشعير بالعوامل الطبيعية المتمثلة بالسطح وعناصر المناخ , اذ نلاحظ تاثير تلك العوامل على انتاجية المحصوليين . نلاحظ في المبحث الرابع تذبذب المياة الواردة الى منطقة الدراسة وهذا بدوره ادى الى تذبذب الانتاج في بعض المناطق المزروعة . يظهر من دراسة التوزيع الجغرافي لمحصول القمح في منطقة الدراسة ان ناحية القادسية احتلت المرتبة الاولى في انتاج القمح لسنة الدراسة فيما احتلت ناحية الحرية المرتبة الاخيرة لانتاج هذا المحصول . يتبين من دراسة التوزيع الجغرافي لمحصول الشعير في منطقة الدراسة , ان مركز قضاء النجف احتل المرتبة الاولى لانتاج الشعير فيما احتلت ناحيتي الحرية و العباسية المراكز الاخيرة لانتاج الشعير .
الامكانيات السياحية في قضاء بدرة
Authors: المناف رحيم م.د. لمى عبد
Published: April 2020

يعد قضاء بدرة{¨} من اهم مناطق الجذب السياحي في محافظة واسط  بما يتوفر فيه من محفزات داخلية تشكل دافعا للباحثين عن الترفيه بما تضمه من مغريات سياحية ، الا انها تعاني من الاهمال على الرغم من تنوع الموارد الاقتصادية التي يزخر بها مما يتطلب الاهتمام بالتخطيط السياحي من قبل المسؤولين في الدولة  وتقع على عاتق الحكومة المركزية في المحافظة والحكومة المحلية في القضاء مسؤولية التخطيط والتنفيذ للتنمية السياحية بالتوزيع العادل للعائدات الاقتصادية من الموارد التي يزخر بها القضاء والمحافظة بما يحقق اهداف اقتصادية تتمثل بزيادة دخل الفرد الحقيقي والقومي ،لان ذلك يحقق تنمية اقتصادية واجتماعية كون الاستثمار في صناعة السياحة يعد جزءا من اهداف خطط التنمية لما لها من اهمية بالغة في الحفاظ على البنية الاقتصادية والثقافية والاجتماعية في القضاء .

 

¨ ) كان لقضاء بدرة دور في عصور الحضارة الانسانية اهمية كبيرة وتشير المصادر التاريخية الى انها كانت واحدة من الوية العهد العثماني وقد انضمت لها الكوت عام 1859، وخلال فترة احتلال بريطانيا للعراق رفعت درجة الكوت الادارية واصبحت مدينة بدرة تابعة لها بسبب الغزوات الايرانية مما جعل منها مكان غير مستقر. 

للمزيد :

-عادل البكري ، تاريخ الكوت ، مطبعة العاني ، بغداد ، 1967.

- عماد عبد السلام رؤوف ، ادارة الاسر الحاكمة ورجال الادارة و القضاء في العراق في القرون المتاخرة 656 – 1337 هـــ 1258- 1918 م ، بغداد 1992 .
Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (antara Tradisional dan Modern)
Authors: ZA Tabrani
Published: April 2020

Pengetahuan yang merupakan produk kegiatan berpikir merupakan obor pencerahan peradaban di mana manusia menemukan dirinya dan menghayati hidup dengan lebih sempurna. Berbagai peralatan dikembangkan manusia untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya dengan menerapkan pengetahuan yang diperolehnya. Proses penemuan dan penerapan itulah yang menghasilkan kapak dan batu zaman dulu sampai komputer zaman ini. Pengetahuan yang merupakan produk kegiatan berpikir merupakan obor pencerahan peradaban di mana manusia menemukan dirinya dan menghayati hidup dengan lebih sempurna. Pendidikan Islam adalah suatu wacana yang mengandalkan ideologi Islam sendiri sebagai pegangan pendidikan tersebut. Maka konstruksi pendidikan Islam merupakan upaya untuk mencocokkan kembali kiranya hal yang perlu diperbaiki atau menaruh pendidikan islam itu sendiri di dalam kebutuhan teori-teori tertentu. Pendidikan Islam seyogianya harus mampu merubah diri, bukan hanya bersikap mengedepankan ilmu-ilmu agama (ulum al-din) saja, tetapi pendidikan Islam juga harus mampu menjawab tantangan zaman. Tujuan pendidikan Islam seyogianya tidak hanya bertujuan untuk kebahagiaan ukhrawi saja, tetapi juga harus bertujuan untuk kebahagiaan duniawi. Pendidikan Islam harus mampu memasukkan IPTEK ke dalam kurikulum pendidikannya, sehingga peserta didik mampu menguasai IPTEK sebagai bekal mereka untuk menaungi samudra kehidupan. Di sinilah kemudian penting untuk memadukan sistem pendidikan Islam tradisional dengan sistem pendidikan Islam modern. Kedua jenis pendidikan Islam (tradisional dan modern) tetap selalu dibutuhkan.
Graph-Based Manipulation Rules for Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
Authors: Bayer Johannes , Sinha Arka
Published: April 2020

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) are key documents during the construction of chemical plants and other facilities in the area of process engineering. They can be described by a graph structure in which the pipes and signal lines are the connecting edges between individual equipment nodes (e.g. reactors, valves, sensors, controllers, actuators). When digitizing P&IDs from paper-based and similar optical sources, the first step is the extraction of a graph of connected symbols. However, additional enrichment and corrections are needed in order to achieve graph structure that fully captures the given input in a semantically meaningful way. In this paper, an approach in which graph-based rules are used to modify the P&ID-describing graph structures is presented. The objective is to enable the user to conveniently generate customized rules for different scenarios. The approach is evaluated by a survey of sample graphs.
Article Server dalam aplikasi Cloud
Authors: Oktaviani
Published: April 2020

AbstractPada penggunaan internet yang begitu pesat sekarang membuat internet menjadi begitu dibutuhkan oleh sebagian besar orang. Internet tidak lagi digunakan untuk sekedar mencari berita maupun sebagai bisnis, namun juga digunakan sebagai media komunikasi dengan pengguna lain seperti situs-situs jaringan social contohnya Instagram, Path dan Twitter. Namun penggunaan internet seperti itu masih kurang optimal karena internet juga dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan data pribadi yang dengan mudah dapat diakses kapanpun kita mau atau kita butuhkan dalam bentuk diskless society.Konsep ini yang mendasari munculnya teknologi komputasi awan atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah Cloud. Dengan adanya tekonologi ini maka kita sebagai pengguna dapat bergerak bebas dengan data pribadi yang dapat diakses kapan saja dan dimana saja. Tujuan ini guna mengimplementasikan server komputasi awan di intranet kampus dengan tujuan kemudahan perancangan server, implementasi dan mengukur performansi server tersebut agar bisa di dapat karakteristik system ini. Pada aplikasi Cloud layanan word processing yang dirasa paling dibutuhkan oleh sebagian besar mahasiswa dibandingkan dengan aplikasi lainnya. Mahasiswa dapat mengakses word processing pada server melalui web browser secara intranet. Mahasiswa tidak perlu melakukan instalasi apapun pada device atau pc. Dengan adanya word processing pada server, mahasiswa dapat membuat dokumen, mengubah atau menguploud dokumen dan akan tersimpan dalam storage server.
[Instrumen] Angket persepsi mahasiswa terhadap e-learning
Authors: Saifuddin Much. Fuad
Published: April 2020

Angket ini instrumen dari artikel ilmiah yang telah terbit dengan judul E-learning dalam persepsi mahasiswa, artikel terbit di jurnal varia pendidikan volume 29 issue no 1 2017 halaman 102-109 dengan DOI: 10.23917/varidika.v29i2.5637
Coronaviruses induce the expression of the peptide antigen transporter TAP1.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus infection is an emerging public health threat in the United States and worldwide (1). We mined published microarray data to perform systems-level analysis of host cell transcription following infection with multiple coronavirus types in order to identify therapeutic targets and host cell vulnerabilities (2, 3). We identified the antigen peptide transported TAP1 as differentially expressed in vitro in a human cell line following infection with human coronavirus 229E and in vivo in the lungs of mice following infection with the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome SARS coronavirus. While TAP1 functions to enhance presentation of class I-associated peptides to CD8 cytotoxic T-cells, TAP1 also enhances presentation of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) receptors (4). One criteria natural killer cells use to lyse cells is the absence of surface MHC-I (5), and hepatitis C virus up-regulates TAP1 to increase surface expression of MHC-I and inhibit NK-cell cytotoxicity and promote infection (6). We propose coronaviruses similarly up-regulate TAP1 to impair natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity responses and avoid recognition by NK cells.
Seven Steps Toward Transparency and Replicability in Psychological Science
Authors: Lindsay D. Stephen
Published: April 2020

Psychological scientists strive to advance understanding of how and why we animals do and think and feel as we do. This is difficult, in part because flukes of chance and measurement error obscure researchers’ perceptions. Many psychologists use inferential statistical tests to peer through the murk of chance and discern relationships between variables. Those tests are powerful tools, but they must be wielded with skill. Moreover, research reports must convey to readers a detailed and accurate understanding of how the data were obtained and analyzed. Research psychologists often fall short in those regards. This paper attempts to motivate and explain ways to enhance the transparency and replicability of psychological science. Specifically, I speak to how publication bias and p hacking contribute to effect-size exaggeration in the published literature, and how effect-size exaggeration contributes, in turn, to replication failures. Then I present seven steps toward addressing these problems: Telling the truth; upgrading statistical knowledge; standardizing aspects of research practices; documenting lab procedures in a lab manual; making materials, data, and analysis scripts transparent; addressing constraints on generality; and collaborating.
Mental time travel? A neurocognitive model of event simulation
Authors: Addis Donna Rose
Published: April 2020

Mental time travel (MTT) is defined as projecting the self into the past and the future. Despite growing evidence of the similarities of remembering past and imagining future events, dominant theories conceive of these as distinct capacities. I propose that memory and imagination are fundamentally the same process – constructive episodic simulation – and demonstrate that the ‘simulation system’ meets the three criteria of a neurocognitive system. Irrespective of whether one is remembering or imagining, the simulation system: (1) acts on the same information, drawing on elements of experience ranging from fine-grained perceptual details to coarser-grained conceptual information and schemas about the world; (2) is governed by the same rules of operation, including associative processes that facilitate construction of a schematic scaffold, the event representation itself, and the dynamic interplay between the two (cf. predictive coding); and (3) is subserved by the same brain system. I also propose that by forming associations between schemas, the simulation system constructs multi-dimensional cognitive spaces, within which any given simulation is mapped by the hippocampus. Finally, I suggest that simulation is a general capacity that underpins other domains of cognition, such as the perception of ongoing experience. This proposal has some important implications for the construct of ‘MTT’, suggesting that ‘time’ and ‘travel’ may not be defining, or even essential, features. Rather, it is the ‘mental’ rendering of experience that is the most fundamental function of this simulation system, enabling humans to re-experience the past, pre-experience the future, and also comprehend the complexities of the present.
Männlich, mittelalt, gebildet – oder? Eine Charakterisierung deutschsprachiger Podcaster*innen
Authors: Attig Christiane
Published: April 2020

Podcasts erfahren nicht nur auf Seite der Hörenden eine immer stärkere Verbreitung. Auch die Zahl podcastproduzierender Personen steigt und macht Podcasts zu einem der aktuell wichtigsten partizipativen Medien. Zur Charakterisierung der Gruppe der Podcaster*innen liegen allerdings bisher nur wenige, überwiegend demographische Daten vor. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll daher dazu beitragen, die deutschsprachigen Podcastproduzierenden in drei Analysebereichen zu beschreiben: im Hinblick auf demographische, podcastspezifische und Persönlichkeitsvariablen. Mittels eines Online-Fragebogens wurden Daten von 653 Podcaster*innen gesammelt. Die Arbeit bietet erste Einblicke in die Diversität der deutschsprachigen Podcastproduzierenden und legt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Untersuchung von Geschlechterunterschieden.
Perceptual correlates of successful body-prosthesis interaction in lower limb amputees: psychometric characterization and development of the Prosthesis Embodiment Scale
Authors: Bekrater-Bodmann Robin
Published: April 2020

Prostheses are used to at least partly restore the body after limb amputation. Making the user accepting the prosthetic device as part of his or her body, i.e., inducing prosthesis embodiment, has been identified as major aim of prosthetic treatment. However, up to now, there is no consensus about the psychometric nature of prosthesis embodiment in limb amputees. In the present study, 118 unilateral lower limb amputees using a prosthesis were asked to complete an online questionnaire targeting prosthesis embodiment. Principal axis factoring revealed the factor structure of prosthesis embodiment, i.e., Ownership/Integrity, Agency, and Anatomical Plausibility, which resembles the embodiment structure previously found in normally-limbed participants. The majority of amputees achieved substantial embodiment of the prosthesis as assessed with the final version of the newly developed Prosthesis Embodiment Scale. Internal consistency was excellent, and test-retest reliability was acceptable, while the instrument was also sensitive for new prosthetic supply. Validation on the basis of relationships to locomotor capability, prosthesis satisfaction, and prosthesis adjustment was performed. The Prosthesis Embodiment Scale could be a valuable tool for the phenomenological assessment of successful body-prosthesis interaction in rehabilitative and research contexts, the latter which might further benefit from the comparability of psychometrically evaluated data.
Cortical sources of the auditory attentional blink
Authors: Shen Dawei , Vuvan Dominique T , Alain Claude
Published: April 2020

Attentional blink (AB) refers to the situation where correctly identifying a target impairs the processing of a subsequent probe in a sequence of stimuli. Although the AB often coincides with a modulation of scalp-recorded cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs), the neural sources of this effect remain unclear. In two separate experiments, we used classical LORETA analysis recursively applied (CLARA) to estimate the neural sources of ERPs elicited by an auditory probe when it immediately followed an auditory target (i.e., AB condition), when no auditory target was present (i.e., no-AB condition), and when the probe followed an auditory target but occurred outside of the AB time window (i.e., no-AB condition). We observed a processing deficit when the probe immediately followed the target, and this auditory AB was accompanied by reduced P3b amplitude. Contrasting brain electrical source activity from the AB and no-AB conditions revealed reduced source activity in the medial temporal region as well as in the temporoparietal junction (extending into inferior parietal lobe), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, and left cerebellum. The results indicate that successful probe identification following a target relies on a widely distributed brain network and further support the suggestion that the auditory AB reflects the failure of the probe to reach short-term consolidation.
Needs satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multi-national study of pathways toward social change
Authors: Hässler Tabea , Ullrich Johannes , Sebben Simone , Shnabel Nurit , Bernardino Michelle , Valdenegro Daniel , van Laar Colette , Gonzalez Roberto , Visintin Emilio Paolo , Tropp Linda , Ditlmann Ruth , Abrams Dominic , Aydin Anna Lisa , Pereira Adrienne , Selvanathan Hema Preya , von Zimmermann Jorina , Lantos Nóra Anna , Sainz Mario , Glenz Andreas , Kende Anna , Oberpfalzerová Hana , Bilewicz Michał , Branković Marija , Noor Masi , Pasek Michael H. , Wright Stephen C , Zezelj Iris , Kuzawińska Olga , Maloku Edona , Otten Sabine , Gul Pelin , Bareket Orly , Biruski Dinka Corkalo , Ugarte Luiza Mugnol , Osin Evgeny , Baiocco Roberto , Cook Jonathan Emdin , Dawood Maneeza , Droogendyk Lisa , Loyo Angélica Herrera , Jelic Margareta , Kelmendi Kaltrina , Pistella Jessica
Published: April 2020

What role does intergroup contact play in promoting support for social change toward greater equality? Drawing on the needs-based model of reconciliation, we theorized that when inequality between groups is perceived as illegitimate, disadvantaged groups members will experience a need for empowerment and advantaged groups members a need for acceptance. When intergroup contact satisfies each group’s needs, it should result in more mutual support for social change. Using four sets of survey data collected through the Zurich Intergroup Project in 23 countries, we tested several preregistered predictions derived from the above reasoning across a large variety of operationalizations. Two studies of disadvantaged groups (Ns=689 ethnic minority members in Study 1 and 3,382 sexual/gender minorities in Study 2) support the hypothesis that, after accounting for the effects of intergroup contact and perceived illegitimacy, satisfying the need for empowerment (but not acceptance) during contact is positively related with support for social change. Two studies with advantaged groups (Ns=2,937 ethnic majority members in Study 3 and 4,203 cis-heterosexual individuals in Study 4) showed that, after accounting for illegitimacy and intergroup contact, satisfying the need for acceptance (but also empowerment) is positively related with support for social change. Overall, these findings suggest that intergroup contact is compatible with efforts to promote social change when group-specific needs are met. Thus, to encourage support for social change among both disadvantaged and advantaged group members, it is essential that besides promoting mutual acceptance, intergroup contact interventions also give voice to and empower members of disadvantaged groups.
Human-body analogy improves mental rotation performance in people aged 86 to 97 years
Authors: Muto Hiroyuki , Gondo Yasuyuki , Inagaki Hiroki , Masui Yukie , Nakagawa Takeshi , Ogawa Madoka , Onoguchi Wataru , Ishioka Yoshiko Lily , Numata Keitaro , Yasumoto Saori
Published: April 2020

Mental rotation is a spatial ability allowing one to represent and rotate an object in one’s mind, and its performance declines with age. Given previous findings indicating that likening a to-be-rotated object to a human body improves mental rotation performance in young adults, we examined whether this human-body analogy would improve older adults’ mental rotation performance. We also tested whether the human-body analogy effect is age-dependent. In the present study, we analyzed data from 423 community-dwelling older adults (age range: 86–97 years; 219 men and 204 women) who answered two items of a paper-and-pencil mental rotation test: one on abstract cube objects (control condition) and one on cube objects with a human face (embodied condition). The results revealed that more participants correctly answered the item in the embodied condition (32.2%) compared to that in the control condition (19.6%), indicating that the human-body analogy is effective in an oldest-old population (i.e., people aged over 85 years). Notably, we found age differences in human-body analogy effects. While accuracy for mental rotation of abstract objects declined with age, accuracy for embodied objects was preserved with age. These findings suggest that the human-body analogy may prompt older adults to adopt a holistic, rather than a piecemeal, rotation strategy.
A multimethod approach to measuring mental representations of threatening others
Authors: Michalak Nicholas Michael , Ackerman Joshua
Published: April 2020

How do people mentally represent distinct interpersonal threats? Across human history, interpersonal threats such as infectious disease and violence have posed powerful selection pressures. Such pressures selected for psychological systems that help identify and reduce threats posed by other people. In the case of infectious disease, psychology researchers have found that such systems respond to a variety of infection cues (e.g., rashes, swelling) as well as cues that merely resemble infection cues (e.g., birthmarks, obesity). Are such cues part of people’s mental representations, and if so, are those cues unique to infection representations or are they included in representations of other threats? Using a multi-method approach, we find that when participants listed traits or drew mental representations of threat, they perceived infected and violent others to differ along threat-specific features. However, when using a data-driven, reverse correlation method that restricted participants from deliberating on and editing their representations, participants generated mental images that were similar on many of the features that both researchers and laypeople expect to distinguish infection and violence threats. These findings suggest our understanding of threat processing may suffer from a disconnect between the threat cues derived from the expectations of researchers and those revealed when expectations are constrained.
Modeling the Wason Selection Task: A Response to Ragni and Johnson-Laird (2020)
Authors: Kellen David , Klauer Karl Christoph
Published: April 2020

Kellen and Klauer (this issue) discussed a number of limitations in Ragni, Kola, and Johnson-Laird’s (2018) evaluation of theories of the Wason Selection Task. In a reply, Ragni and Johnson-Laird (this issue) raise a number of counter-arguments along with new arguments against the Inference-Guessing Theory. We argue that much of their reply hinges on a number of conceptual and methodological confusions as well as a mischaracterization of some of our main points.
Judging Experts: Australian Magistrates’ Evaluations of Expert Opinion Quality
Authors: Martire Kristy , Montgomery-Farrer Bronte
Published: April 2020

Expert opinions admitted by courts are not always valid and reliable. However, we know little about how indicators of opinion quality affect the persuasiveness of an expert. In this study 25 Australian magistrates and 22 jury-eligible lay-people rated the persuasiveness (via credibility, value, and weight) of either a high or a low quality expert opinion. Opinion quality was determined using attributes specified in the Expert Persuasion Expectancy (ExPEx) framework: Field, Specialty, Ability, and Trustworthiness. Both magistrates and jurors were significantly more persuaded by the high than the low quality expert opinion. Magistrates were also significantly more sceptical of the expert opinion than lay-people, and when given the opportunity sought information that was logically relevant to their decision. These results suggest that magistrates can differentiate between high and low quality expert opinions, but it is unclear if the information they need for the task is actually available for use during trials.
Syarifah Halimah Alaydrus
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: April 2020

Soal komunikasi, Syarifah Halimah Alaydrus memang jago menjalin pembicaraan yang enak disimak telinga tanpa merisak sukma. Apalagi beliau juga aktif menulis untuk menyebarluaskan ilmu dan dakwahnya. Hingga kini, Syarifah Halimah Alaydrus telah menulis empat buku: Bidadari Bumi (2010), Tutur Hati Syarifah Halimah Alaydrus Alaydrus (2014), Pilar Cahaya (2014), dan Muhasabah Cinta (2015). Belum lagi tulisan pendek yang beliau unggah melalui media sosial: Facebook, Twitter, dan Instagram; sempat aktif menulis di Blogger dan al-Kisah; sekaligus merawat akun YouTube pribadi beliau.
The Curious Voyage: The Potentials and Pitfalls of Immersive Performance
Authors: Maga Carly
Published: April 2020

Over the past decade, immersive theatre productions have rapidly increased not only in number but in scale: more actors, bigger sets, more elaborate tasks for the audience to complete. This article looks at Talk Is Free Theatre’s The Curious Voyage, which sent its audiences from Barrie, Ontario, to London, England, in the context of an increasingly competitive immersive theatre industry, its neo-liberal appeal to adventurous theatregoers, and the artistic and technical risk in treating audiences as co-creators in demanding productions.
Specific Characteristics of Materials Produced by Additive Manufacturing as Compared to Those Produced by Established Manufacturing Methods taking the Example of Alloy 718
Authors: Musekamp J. , Hoche H.
Published: April 2020

Micrographs of metallographic sections show that additive manufacturing, with its local heat input and rapid cooling rates, brings about microstructures in metal components that differ from those generated in conventional manufacturing processes, such as casting or forging. The example of samples/components made from the material Alloy 718 and manufactured using a laser (Laser Powder Bed Fusion, abbr.: LPBF, designation according to DIN EN ISO ASTM 52900 [1]) shows a very low coarsely distributed porosity. The porosity is limited to the gas porosity already introduced during the atomization step of the powder manufacturing process. As opposed to the microstructure of conventionally produced Alloy 718, the precipitates formed are very small and can only be revealed in the light microscope when high magnifications are applied. Evenly distributed, cruciform γ” precipitates are formed. The grain structure is formed independent of the LPBF-typical melting zones. Isolated dendritic structures can be observed at the interfaces of the melting zones. In the samples manufactured by LPBF, grain structures in the longitudinal section differ from those in the cross section: It can be observed that the grains are elongated in the build direction, which explains the anisotropic behavior of the materials in the tensile test. The width of the melting zones and the laser track spacing can easily be measured in the cross section, while the depth of the melting zones is well recognizable in the longitudinal section. Mechanical properties such as those found in cast or forged Alloy 718 are already present in the stress relief annealed condition.
Abordaje de la diverticulitis aguda
Authors: Carranza Zamora Andrés Josué , Villalobos Vega Esteban , Mora Sandino Valeria
Published: April 2020

La enfermedad diverticular, comprende un espectro de manifestaciones y situaciones clínicas distintas, entre ellas, la diverticulosis asintomática, la enfermedad diverticular dolorosa y la diverticulitis. La diverticulitis ocurre cuando las herniaciones de mucosa y submucosa del colon, también llamados pseudodivertículos, sufren de un proceso inflamatorio y desarrollan una amplia variedad de síntomas que comprende: el dolor abdominal, fiebre, náuseas vómitos, hasta el sangrado digestivo; desencadenando desde un cuadro autolimitado hasta la presencia de signos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y muerte. En los estudios más recientes y guías terapéuticas se distingue cuáles pacientes se ven favorecidos del tratamiento médico o quirúrgico.