bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based radiomic features for EGFR mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Long Yuqin , Zhao Rong , Du Xianfeng
Published: January 2025

Objective

This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based radiomic features for predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for studies published up to April 30, 2024. We included those studies that utilized MRI-based radiomic features to detect EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR, NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy. Quality assessment was performed using the quality assessment of prognostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models.

Results

A total of 13 studies involving 2,348 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI-based radiomic features for detecting EGFR mutations were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74-0.93) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72-0.91), respectively. The PLR and NLR were calculated as 5.14 (3.09, 8.55) and 0.17 (0.10, 0.31), respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, with I² values exceeding 50% for all parameters. The AUC for the receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.93). Subgroup analysis indicated that deep learning models and studies conducted in Asian showed higher diagnostic accuracy compared to their respective counterparts.

Conclusions

MRI-based radiomic features demonstrate a high potential for accurately detecting EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients with brain metastases, particularly when advanced deep learning techniques were employed. However, the variability in diagnostic performance across different studies underscores the need for standardized radiomic protocols to enhance reproducibility and clinical utility.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024544131.
Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles in reprogramming energy metabolism in cancer
Authors: Puurand Marju , Llorente Alicia , Linē Aija , Kaambre Tuuli
Published: January 2025

Cancer is caused by complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, making prevention strategies, including exercise, a promising avenue for intervention. Physical activity is associated with reduced cancer incidence and progression and systemic anti-cancer effects, including improved tumor suppression and prolonged survival in preclinical models. Exercise impacts the body’s nutrient balance and stimulates the release of several exercise-induced factors into circulation. The mechanisms of how exercise modulates cancer energy metabolism and the tumor microenvironment through systemic effects mediated, in part, by extracellular vesicles (EVs) are still unknown. By transferring bioactive cargo such as miRNAs, proteins and metabolites, exercise-induced EVs may influence cancer cells by altering glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, potentially shifting metabolic plasticity – a hallmark of cancer. This short review explores the roles of EVs in cancer as mediators to reprogram cellular energy metabolism through exchanging information inside the tumor microenvironment, influencing immune cells, fibroblast and distant cells. Considering this knowledge, further functional studies into exercise-induced EVs and cellular energy production pathways could inform more specific exercise interventions to enhance cancer therapy and improve patient outcomes.
Integration of machine learning and experimental validation to identify the prognostic signature related to diverse programmed cell deaths in breast cancer
Authors: Li Longpeng , Zhao Jinfeng , Wang Yaxin , Zhang Zhibin , Chen Wanquan , Wang Jirui , Cai Yue
Published: January 2025

Background

Programmed cell death (PCD) is closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between various programmed cell death patterns and the prognosis of breast cancer (BRCA) patients.

Methods

The levels of 19 different programmed cell deaths in breast cancer were assessed by ssGSEA analysis, and these PCD scores were summed to obtain the PCDS for each sample. The relationship of PCDS with immune as well as metabolism-related pathways was explored. PCD-associated subtypes were obtained by unsupervised consensus clustering analysis, and differentially expressed genes between subtypes were analyzed. The prognostic signature (PCDRS) were constructed by the best combination of 101 machine learning algorithm combinations, and the C-index of PCDRS was compared with 30 published signatures. In addition, we analyzed PCDRS in relation to immune as well as therapeutic responses. The distribution of genes in different cells was explored by single-cell analysis and spatial transcriptome analysis. Potential drugs targeting key genes were analyzed by Cmap. Finally, the expression levels of key genes in clinical tissues were verified by RT-PCR.

Results

PCDS showed higher levels in cancer compared to normal. Different PCDS groups showed significant differences in immune and metabolism-related pathways. PCDRS, consisting of seven key genes, showed robust predictive ability over other signatures in different datasets. The high PCDRS group had a poorer prognosis and was strongly associated with a cancer-promoting tumor microenvironment. The low PCDRS group exhibited higher levels of anti-cancer immunity and responded better to immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as chemotherapy-related drugs. Clofibrate and imatinib could serve as potential small-molecule complexes targeting SLC7A5 and BCL2A1, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of seven genes were upregulated in clinical cancer tissues.

Conclusion

PCDRS can be used as a biomarker to assess the prognosis and treatment response of BRCA patients, which offers novel insights for prognostic monitoring and treatment personalization of BRCA patients.
Astragaloside IV alleviates GDM via regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolomic
Authors: Wang Fengge , Zhu Yongning , Shu Hua , Zhang Xiaoyun , Duan Liting , Man Dongmei , Wang Yanping
Published: January 2025

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a severe pregnancy disorder, is a temporary form of diabetes that occurs during gestation. Astragaloside IV (AS IV), a natural and effective composition of Astragalus membranaceus, shows pharmacological effects against diabetes. On the contrary, the effects of AS IV on GDM development are still not clear. This study aims to investigate the role of AS IV in alleviating GDM in rats and determine whether AS IV exerts its anti-GDM properties through the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolite modulation.

Methods

There were six pregnant SD rats in each of the four groups. First, the GDM model was induced by the streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg) injection on gestational days (GDs) 1–4, and AS IV intervention (10 mg/kg/d) was administered from 6 days before pregnancy until delivery. The measurements of relevant indicators pertaining to GDM symptoms and reproductive outcomes, along with the 16S rRNA sequencing data and LC-MS-based metabolomic profiles, were assessed across all groups.

Results

After the 25-day intervention, the GDM model + AS IV group showed significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels (p = 0.0003), mean insulin levels (p = 0.0001), and insulin resistance index (p = 0.0001). AS IV treatment also decreased the malformation rate (p = 0.0373) and increased the average fetal weight (p = 0.0020) of GDM rats. Compared to the control rats, GDM rats showed a significantly higher abundance of Blautia and Anaerobiospirillum. However, the dramatically elevated abundance of these microorganisms was markedly decreased by AS IV treatment. In contrast, compared to GDM rats without treatment, GDM rats treated with AS IV showed a significantly higher abundance of bacteria (p < 0.05), such as Methanobrevibacter, Dubosiella, and Romboutsia, which are beneficial to the rats. Additionally, we observed dramatically elevated production of metabolites, such as N-acetyl-l-leucine and lithocholic acid, after AS IV treatment through metabolomics analysis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, significant associations between most genera of gut bacteria and the altered levels of the metabolites connected to gut microbiota were also discovered.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that AS IV could be an effective nutritional intervention strategy for targeting gut microbiota and metabolome profiles in GDM and provided experimental evidence supporting the use of AS IV to treat GDM.
Comparing efficacy and safety of low-dose versus standard-dose antiplatelet therapy in stroke patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Zhao , Li Chunxing , Zhang Xin , Sun Lichaoyue , Zhu Hui , Wang Dongxiao , Wang Yumin , Liang Shuo , Wang Guanchun
Published: January 2025

Background

Stroke is the leading cause of disability globally, with antiplatelet therapy being crucial for secondary prevention but also increasing bleeding risks. This requires careful dosage adjustments to balance thrombosis and bleeding risks.

Objective

This study compared the efficacy and safety of low-dose versus standard-dose antiplatelet therapy in stroke patients.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, and the Wanfang Medical Database, up to March 2024. Only randomized controlled trials assessing low-dose antiplatelet therapy in stroke patients were considered. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) was used for quality. Performed meta-analysis using Stata 15.0, with relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect estimates.

Results

Ten studies involving 7,703 Asia participants, mainly from China and Japan, were analyzed. The meta-analysis revealed that low-dose reduces the risk of bleeding (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.27, 0.98) compared to standard dose, with similar risks for stroke (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.69, 1.55), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 1.91; 95% CI 0.88, 4.12), all-cause death (ACD) (RR 1.17; 95% CI 0.38, 3.62), and major bleeding (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.16, 3.30). Subgroup analysis revealed that compared to standard-dose clopidogrel, low-dose clopidogrel increased the risk of MI. Notably, this increased risk was observed specifically within the Chinese population but not in the Japanese population. Low-dose clopidogrel and low-dose prasugrel reduce the risk of bleeding compared to standard-dose clopidogrel, but there is no statistically significant difference. Low-dose aspirin significantly reduces the risk of bleeding compared to standard-dose aspirin.

Conclusion

In patients with stroke in Asia, low-dose antiplatelet therapy significantly reduces the risk of bleeding compared to standard doses, with consistent risks of stroke, MI, ACD, major bleeding, and discontinuation due to bleeding.
A security data detection and management method in digital library network based on deep learning
Authors: Zhu Diyin , Wei Yihang , Cai Jiali , Wang Jingwen , Chen Zhongshan
Published: January 2025

With the rapid growth of data volume in digital library and the increasingly complex network environment, traditional network security measures are no longer able to meet their security needs. In response to the problems of low detection accuracy and long detection time in traditional network security methods, we propose a digital library network security data detection and management method based on bidirectional gated recurrent unit and temporal convolutional network detector (BiGRU-TCNDetector) using the powerful capabilities of deep learning technology. It efficiently and intelligently detects and manages security data in digital library network. The method combines the structures of temporal convolutional network (TCN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) to extract spatial and temporal features from digital library network security data. And it improves the accuracy of security data detection based on BiGRU-TCN. In addition, the importance of each security data feature is calculated through attention mechanism to reduce the loss of important digital network security data information, which is then output by the global pooling layer to the classifier for classification. Finally, comparative experiments are conducted to verify that the digital library network security data detection method based on BiGRU-TCNDetector has better detection performance compared to other methods, providing a solid technical guarantee for the stable operation and sustainable development of digital library.
Learning from knockout reactions using a dispersive optical model
Authors: Atkinson M. C. , Dickhoff W. H.
Published: January 2025

We present the empirical dispersive optical model (DOM) as applied to direct nuclear reactions. The DOM links both scattering and bound-state experimental data through a dispersion relation, which allows for fully consistent, data-informed predictions for nuclei where such data exist. In particular, we review investigations of the electron-induced proton knockout reaction from both 40Ca and 48Ca in a distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) utilizing the DOM for a fully consistent description. Viewing these reactions through the lens of the DOM allows us to connect the documented quenching of spectroscopic factors with the increased high-momentum proton content in neutron-rich nuclei. A similar DOM-DWIA description of the proton-induced knockout from 40Ca, however, does not currently fit in the consistent story of its electron-induced counterpart. With the main difference in the proton-induced case being the use of an effective proton–proton interaction, we suggest that a more sophisticated in-medium interaction would produce consistent results.
Nitrogen addition and drought impose divergent effects on belowground bud banks of grassland community: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Jing , Hou Xian-zhang , Zhu Jin-lei , Miao Ren-hui , Adomako Michael Opoku
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Belowground bud banks (or bud-bearing organs) underlie grassland regeneration and community succession following ecosystem perturbations. Disturbances of nitrogen (N) enrichment, overgrazing, wildfire, and drought substantially affect grassland ecosystem succession and aboveground productivity.

Methods

To understand the magnitude and direction of the disturbances on the belowground bud banks, we conducted a meta-analysis on 46 peer-reviewed studies published from 1980 to 2023. The meta-analysis comprises 231 observations of bud bank density per unit area and 410 observations of bud bank density per tiller.

Results

Results indicate that N addition remarkably promotes bud banks densities and plant functional groups of grass in the belowground bud banks. While drought negatively affects bud banks densities and functional groups of grasses and forbs. We found that effects of the N addition and drought on the bud banks depend on the bud type, e.g., root sprouting buds, bulb buds, and dormant buds. However, grazing and wildfire have no significant effect on the bud banks.

Discussion

Our results suggest that the N addition and drought may significantly exert promotional and inhibitory effects, respectively, on belowground bud banks, critically altering plant regrowth, community succession, and grassland community dynamics.
Characterization of rhizosphere bacterial communities in oilseed rape cultivars with different susceptibility to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection
Authors: Deng Yue , Wu Wenxian , Huang Xiaoqing , Yang Xiaoxiang , Yu Yaoyin , Zhang Zhongmei , Hu Zijin , Zhou Xiquan , Zhou Kang , Liu Yong , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2025

Rhizosphere microbiomes are constantly mobilized during plant–pathogen interactions, and this, in turn, affects their interactions. However, few studies have examined the activities of rhizosphere microbiomes in plants with different susceptibilities to soil-borne pathogens, especially those that cause clubroot disease. In this study, we compared the rhizosphere bacterial community in response to infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae among the four different clubroot susceptibility cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Our results revealed obvious differences in the responses of rhizosphere bacterial community to the P. brassicae infection between the four cultivars of oilseed rape. Several bacterial genera that are associated with the nitrogen cycle, including Limnobacter, Thiobacillus, Anaeromyxobacter, Nitrosomonas, Tumebacillus, and Halomonas, showed significantly different changes between susceptible and resistant cultivars in the presence of P. brassicae infection. Moreover, increased connectedness and robustness were exhibited in the rhizosphere bacterial community co-occurrence network in clubroot-susceptible cultivars that were infected with P. brassicae, while only slight changes were observed in clubroot-resistant cultivars. Metagenomic analysis of microbial metabolism also indicated differences in the rhizosphere bacterial community between susceptible and resistant cultivars that were infected with P. brassicae. Functional analysis of the nitrogen cycle showed that genes related to nitrification (nxrB) were upregulated in susceptible cultivars, while genes related to assimilatory nitrate reduction (nasA, narB, and nirA) were upregulated in resistant cultivars that were infected with P. brassicae. These findings indicate that the synthesis and assimilation process of NO3- content were promoted in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively. Our study revealed differences in the characteristics of rhizosphere bacterial communities in response to P. brassicae infection between clubroot-susceptible and clubroot-resistant cultivars as well as the potential impact of these differences on the plant–P. brassicae interaction.
Measurement of event data from text
Authors: Brandt Patrick T. , Sianan Marcus
Published: January 2025

We examine measurement concerns about computer-aided political event data in the state-of-the-art after 2015. The focus is on how to compare and quantify the mathematical and/or conceptual distance between what a machine codes/classifies from information describing an event and the actual circumstances of the event, or the ground truth. Three primary arguments are made: (1) It is important for users of event data to understand the measurement side of these data to avoid faulty inferences and make better decisions. (2) Avant-garde event data systems are still not free from some of the fundamental problems that plague legacy systems (investigated are theoretical and real-world examples of measurement issues, why they are problematic, how they are dealt with, and what is left to be desired even with newer systems). (3) One of the most crucial goals of event data science is to attain congruence between what is machine-coded/classified vs. the ground truth. To support these arguments, the literature is benchmarked against well-documented sources of measurement error. Guidance is provided on how to make performance comparisons within and across language models, identify opportunities to improve event data systems, and more articulately discuss and present findings in this area of research.
Optimizing personalized psychological well-being interventions through digital phenotyping: results from a randomized non-clinical trial
Authors: Rocchi Giulia , Vocaj Emanuela , Moawad Simone , Antonucci Alessandro , Grigioni Carlo , Giuffrida Vincenzo , Bordini Joy
Published: January 2025

Background

Digital technologies, including smartphones, hold great promise for expanding mental health services and improving access to care. Digital phenotyping, which involves the collection of behavioral and physiological data using smartphones, offers a novel way to understand and monitor mental health. This study examines the feasibility of a psychological well-being program using a telegram-integrated chatbot for digital phenotyping.

Methods

A one-month randomized non-clinical trial was conducted with 81 young adults aged 18–35 from Italy and the canton of Ticino, a region in southern Switzerland. Participants were randomized to an experimental group that interacted with a chatbot, or to a control group that received general information on psychological well-being. The chatbot collected real-time data on participants’ well-being such as user-chatbot interactions, responses to exercises, and emotional and behavioral metrics. A clustering algorithm created a user profile and content recommendation system to provide personalized exercises based on users’ responses.

Results

Four distinct clusters of participants emerged, based on factors such as online alerts, social media use, insomnia, attention and energy levels. Participants in the experimental group reported improvements in well-being and found the personalized exercises, recommended by the clustering algorithm useful.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the feasibility of a digital phenotyping-based well-being program using a chatbot. Despite limitations such as a small sample size and short study duration, the findings suggest that digital phenotyping and personalized recommendation systems could improve mental health care. Future research should include larger samples and longer follow-up periods to validate these findings and explore clinical applications.
Workplace anxiety leading to job burnout among young and middle-aged university lecturers: mechanism and mitigation strategies
Authors: Zhou Kun , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

A growing group of young and middle-aged lecturers in universities, during a time of increasing career aspirations, not only bears the significant responsibility of teaching but also serves as the backbone for promoting the high-quality development of higher education in our country. Simultaneously, they are experiencing varying degrees of workplace anxiety.

Methods

This paper adopts the mixed-methods of questionnaire analysis and semi-structured interview. Firstly, it presents a questionnaire designed to assess perceptions of workplace anxiety, job performance, and job burnout. Secondly, data were collected from 506 young and middle-aged lecturers across 10 colleges and universities in the four provinces of Chongqing, Anhui, Beijing, and Hebei in China through online questionnaires. A total of 449 valid questionnaires and 56 interview transcripts were obtained. Subsequently, SPSSAU online data analysis software was employed to test the hypotheses derived from the questionnaire data using confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and Bootstrap sampling analysis. Additionally, qualitative analysis was conducted in conjunction with the interview transcripts.

Results

The results indicate that, on one hand, there is a significant positive relationship between the perception of workplace anxiety and the career growth expectations of young and middle-aged university lecturers. This is evidenced by a negative correlation with their perception of job performance and a positive correlation with their perception of competitive pressure. On the other hand, self-efficacy plays a moderating role in alleviating workplace anxiety and burnout among young and middle-aged university lecturers. As their sense of self-efficacy increases, their feelings of workplace anxiety diminish.

Conclusion

The increasing competition among peers has posed significant challenges to the physical and mental health of young and middle-aged university lecturers. Reforming competitive mechanisms and establishing a career support system are essential, evidence-based strategies for alleviating workplace anxiety and enhancing professional efficacy. This article explores the relationship between workplace anxiety and job burnout among young and middle-aged university lecturers, while also proposing strategies for mitigation. These insights are crucial for promoting the career development of university lecturers and safeguarding their physical and mental well-being.
Geographic disparities in physical and mental health comorbidities and socioeconomic status of residence among Medicaid beneficiaries in Utah
Authors: Horth Roberta Z. , Bose Srimoyee , Grafe Carl , Forsythe Navina , Dunn Angela
Published: January 2025

To examine the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and complex needs, defined as mental and physical comorbidities, we conducted a cross-sectional retrospective cohort analysis of adult Utah Medicaid beneficiaries. Our analysis included Medicaid beneficiaries with geocoded addresses aged ≥18 years in Utah (N = 157,739). We geocoded beneficiary addresses and assigned them to census block groups. We compared the socioeconomic status of block groups (Singh’s area deprivation index) with the proportion of complex needs, defined based on cluster analysis as 1 physical condition with depression or ≥ 2 physical with ≥1 mental health condition. Spatial mapping was performed of prevalence quantiles grouped by count overlaid with Medicaid-covered mental health facilities. Prevalence of complex needs was 18.9% (n = 29,742); beneficiaries with >3 emergency department visits had 12.8 odds of having complex needs; 39.7% of beneficiaries with >$5,000 in annual costs had complex needs. Common comorbid conditions among beneficiaries with complex needs were hypertension (56.0%), hyperlipidemia (35.5%), depression (68.8%), anxiety (56.2%), drug use (16.0%), and alcohol use disorders (15.2%). Census block groups with higher deprivation had a higher proportion of complex needs (ρ = 0.21, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant spatial autocorrelation of the prevalence of complex needs (Moran’s I index: 0.65; p < 0.001). Six high-count census blocks had no mental health facilities. Areas with increased socioeconomic deprivation had a greater proportion of complex needs and fewer mental health facilities. Integrated programs addressing both physical and mental health conditions with a focus on socioeconomically deprived areas might benefit Medicaid recipients in populations such as those in Utah.
Latent profile analysis of burnout, depression, and anxiety symptoms among Chinese medical staff with frontline anti-epidemic experience in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era
Authors: Xu Huachun , Qiu Lanjun , Chen Yu , Zhang Mengjun , Li Junyi , Xiang Guochun
Published: January 2025

Background

Frontline medical staff’s psychological symptoms deserve persistent attention after 3 years of high-pressure and high-intensity work during the pandemic. In addition, the meaning of burnout and its relationship with depression and anxiety have long been debated. This study aimed to identify profiles of these symptoms among Chinese medical staff with frontline anti-epidemic experience, along with their distinguishing characteristics.

Methods

Psychological symptoms of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy), depression, and anxiety from 989 doctors and 1,105 nurses were explored with latent profile analysis. The R3step method was conducted to analyze the predictive factors of those medical staff’s symptoms.

Results

Three symptom profiles were identified for medical staff, with high-level (62.1%), moderate-level (28.9%), and low-level symptoms (9.0%). In the low-level and moderate-level profiles, symptom variables considered had a consistent trend. However, within the high-level profile, the inefficacy of burnout remained at a lower level, and anxiety performed as the most prominent symptom. Variables of gender, age, salary satisfaction, work hours, and work intensity predicted medical staff profiles (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In the post-COVID-19 era, former frontline Chinese medical staff’s psychological symptoms were divided into three latent profiles. Symptoms of burnout, depression, and anxiety did not move in lock-step, indicating that they are different and robust constructs. Targeted intervention strategies should be developed for different subgroups.
Influence of hypertension diagnosis and subjective life expectancy on health behaviors among middle-aged and older Chinese adults
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Ji Xiaoyi , Xia Honghong , Tian Yuxin , Zheng Weihong , Fu Linyun , Qiu Peiyuan , Wan Yang
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Hypertension can lead to significant health complications if left unmanaged due to unhealthy behaviors. This study investigates hypertension related health behaviors of middle-aged and older Chinese adults, investigating whether a hypertension diagnosis and individuals’ subjective life expectancy (SLE) might prompt positive changes in their health behaviors.

Methods

The participants in this study were Chinese adults aged 45 years and older, selected from the 2013–2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to investigate the influence of receiving a hypertension diagnosis, as well as SLE, on hypertension related behaviors.

Results

Among the respondents, 27.65% reported doctor-diagnosed hypertension, while 19.91% of those who were undiagnosed with hypertension had measured hypertension at baseline. Of those diagnosed with hypertension, only 46.97% in 2013 had their blood pressure within the normal range in 2013, and this slightly improved to 47.80% in 2015. Both receiving a hypertension diagnosis (β = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.37–0.43) and having a low-SLE (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.09) were associated with healthier behavior. Interestingly, individuals with measured hypertension exhibited the highest SLE but the lowest health behavior scores.

Discussion

Although individuals diagnosed with hypertension are able to recognize the dangers of the condition and take proactive steps to improve their health, high blood pressure remains uncontrolled in almost half of them. Those with measured hypertension often lack awareness of hypertension and unhealthier behaviors. Therefore, there is a critical need to enhance hypertension awareness and promote healthier behaviors among both diagnosed individuals with uncontrolled blood pressure and those unaware of their hypertension.
Android avatar improves educational effects by embodied anthropomorphization
Authors: Kodani Naoki , Uchida Takahisa , Kameo Nahoko , Sakai Kurima , Funayama Tomo , Minato Takashi , Kikuchi Akane , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the adoption of distance learning has been accelerated in educational institutions in multiple countries. In addition to using a videoconferencing system with camera images, avatars can also be used for remote classes. In particular, an android avatar with a sense of presence has the potential to provide higher quality education than a video-recorded lecture. To investigate the specific educational effects of android avatars, we used a Geminoid. an android with the appearance of a specific individual, and conducted both laboratory experiment and large-scale field experiment. The first compared the android avatar lecture with a videoconferencing system. We found that the use of an android avatar for the lecture led to the significantly higher subjective feelings of being seen, feeling more motivated, and focused on the lecture compared to the video lecture. We further conducted a large-scale field experiment with an android avatar to clarify what contributes to such educational effects. The results suggest that the students’ perception of android’s anthroppomorphism and competence has a positive impact, and discomfort has a negative impact on the subjective experence of educational effect. These results indicate the role of embodied anthropomorphization in positive educational experience. The important point of this study is that both the laboratory experiment and the large-scale experiment were conducted to clarify the educational effects of androids. These results support several related studies and are clarified in detail. Based on these results, the potential for the future usage of androids in education is discussed.
Walkable Communities for a Healthier Planet: Exploring 15-Minute Cities
Authors: Alzahrani Sabrina , Abuwaer Nisreen , Al-Ghamdi Sami G.
Published: January 2025

How long does it take you to walk to your supermarket? How about your school or your parent’s work? Now imagine if you could visit most of those places in <15 min. Well, you actually can, and this concept is called a 15-minute city. The 15-minute city concept is a very simple method used by city planners and designers, in which neighborhoods are designed so that most services and other daily needs are located only 15 min away from your home. This includes work, school, or the supermarket. 15-minute cities are meant to discourage car use and encourage public transport, walking, and cycling. This allows us to shift into designing cities that emphasize a focus on human needs and demands over car-oriented ones—meaning people living there will not have to travel far for simple errands and can walk to most places.
The effects of rational and emotional sustainability appeals to consumers’ sensory perceptions and emotions
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Ghazanfar Sidra , Mukhtar Sana , Ramzan Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Extrinsic cues are widely used by researchers to develop consumers’ perceptions of food. This study aimed to investigate how consumer perceptions and emotional responses to roti prepared by replacing the proportion of wheat flour with wheat bran (an agriculture by-product) were affected by rational and emotional sustainability appeals. The experimental design included three evaluation sessions. Four different samples of roti were developed from four different bran-wheat proportions. Results showed that rational and emotional sustainability appeals affected the sensory perception of 10–90% and 20–80% of bran-wheat roti samples. However, sustainability appeal had no significant effect on the 30–70% bran-wheat roti sample. Results also show that responses under blind condition were associated with negative emotions, while responses under sustainability appeals were associated with positive emotions. Rational sustainability appeal was heavily associated with positive emotions as compared to emotional appeal.
The role of off-farm employment in promoting sustainable farm development through integrated pest management technology adoption
Authors: Ke Jinglin , Dan Hancheng , Wang Qing , Razzaq Amar
Published: January 2025

This study explores the impact of off-farm employment on the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology among farmers in rural China, with a focus on sustainable farm development. Utilizing micro-survey data and applying an endogenous switching Probit model within a counterfactual analysis framework, the research examines how off-farm employment influences the likelihood of adopting IPM technology. The findings reveal that 67.84% of farmers have adopted IPM technology, while 32.16% have not. The counterfactual analysis indicates that if farmers with off-farm employment did not engage in off-farm activities, their probability of adopting IPM technology would decrease by 71.57%. Conversely, if farmers without off-farm employment were to engage in off-farm activities, their probability of adopting IPM technology would increase by 76.95%. Key factors influencing off-farm employment include age, education level, number of elderly in the household, membership in a cooperative, number of land plots, village topography, and the number of family members and relatives working in government or public institutions. In addition, age, personal health status, number of household laborers, membership in a cooperative, number of land plots, village topography, and ecological cognition significantly affect the adoption of IPM technology. The study suggests that optimizing industrial structure, improving the rural employment market, enhancing the role of farmers’ professional cooperatives, strengthening education and training efforts, and increasing publicity efforts can collectively improve the adoption of IPM technology. These strategies contribute to sustainable farm development and better environmental outcomes.
Drivers and impacts of mobile phone-mediated scaling of agricultural technologies: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gouroubera Mori W. , Adechian Soulé Akinhola , Segnon Alcade C. , Moumouni-Moussa Ismail , Zougmoré Robert B.
Published: January 2025

Mobile phone-mediated scaling of agricultural technologies (MPSATs) attracts attention as an effective approach for promoting agricultural development and sustainability. Despite the growing interest, a comprehensive understanding of drivers of MPSAT at the farm level and the evidence base of their impacts remains limited. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 18 relevant empirical studies covering 10,757 farmers across 12 countries. Meta-analyses reveal that farmers’ innovativeness and full-time farming increase the odds of adopting agricultural technologies. Age, gender, digital skills, mobile phone device ownership, and membership in farmer groups also influence MPSAT but display heterogeneity. Moderation analysis reveals that the development status of countries plays a moderating role in variables such as asset ownership and farm size. Moreover, the results show that using mobile phones as a standalone method increases the odds of adopting agricultural technologies by 2%. In combination with traditional extension methods, this figure rises significantly to 17%. Additionally, MPSAT increases yields by 2%, and profits by 5%, and contributes to a 3% improvement in farmers’ learning outcomes. This study sheds light on the potential and multifaceted nature of MPSAT, providing insights for policymakers and practitioners promoting sustainable agriculture through digital technologies.
Global trends in surgical approach to neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Levidy Michael F. , Azer Amanda , Shafei Jasmine , Srinivasan Nivetha , Mahajan Jasmine , Gupta Shivani , Abdelmalek George , Pant Krittika , Jain Kunj , Shah Yash , Zheng Zheshi , Chuieng-Yi Lu Johnny , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Chu Alice , McGrath Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Background

We analyzed trends in age at surgery and surgical approach over time and geography.

Methods

We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA-IPD guidelines to include individual patient data. Collected data included age at surgery, location of surgery, and surgical approach. The surgical approach was independently categorized as the exploration of the brachial plexus (EBP) or nerve transfer without root exploration (NTwoRE). EBP was defined as exploring the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular fossa and applying a choice of coaptation procedures. NTwoRE included those sourcing donor nerves from, or entirely occurring outside of the plexus without exploring the root of the brachial plexus.

Results

Regression analysis of age at surgery 1985–2020 showed that age at BPBI surgery is rising (p < 0.05). Surgery was performed at a younger age in patients from Europe (7.06 ± 7.77 months) and Asia (7.58 ± 5.33 months) than those from North America (10.44 ± 5.01 months) and South America (14.71 ± 4.53 months) (p < 0.05). NTwoRE was more common in North America (37%) and least common in Europe (12%). Age at EBP was 7.2 ± 5.77 months, and age at NTwoRE was 15.85 ± 13.18 months (p < 0.05). The incidence of NTwoRE is increasing time.

Conclusions

Age at NBPP surgery is increasing over time. Regional differences exist in age at NBPP surgery. Approaches to NBPP surgery that avoid exploration of BP roots are becoming more popular. Age at EBP is lower than age at NTwoRE.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage triggered by spinal cord vascular malformation in a pediatric patient: case report and review of literature
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zheng Liaoyuan , Huang Yongwei , Li Zongping , Feng Jing
Published: January 2025

Background

Spinal cord vascular malformations (SCVMs) in children are relatively rare and present unique challenges due to their distinct physiological characteristics. These malformations often manifest with nonspecific clinical symptoms, increasing the likelihood of misdiagnosis. The treatment of pediatric SCVMs requires a tailored approach, with the choice between microsurgical intervention and endovascular embolization depending on the specific type of malformation and individual patient factors.

Case report

We report a case of a 6-year-old male who presented with a sudden onset of headache. Initial cranial imaging did not reveal any significant intracranial vascular malformations. However, thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified an abnormal signal, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed the diagnosis of SCVMs. The patient underwent microsurgical treatment and was discharged in good health. Follow-up DSA confirmed the complete resolution of the vascular malformations.

Conclusion

This case, along with a review of the literature, underscores the importance of thorough spinal evaluations in pediatric patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, especially when intracranial vascular malformations are not identified. A high index of suspicion for SCVMs is crucial. Early and accurate diagnosis, followed by appropriate treatment through microsurgical resection or endovascular embolization, can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes in children with SCVMs.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Factors in Children: A Multicenter Study of 21,811 Samples in Southern China
Authors: Huang Chuican , Liu Sijia , Cheng Chen , Chen Shiyun , Luo Qing , Huang Yan , Yao Yanxian , Ye Xixia , Wang Haizhen , Luo Liangyi , Xie Junwei , Li Hongai , Duan Yumei , Liu Beibei , Cao Wenting , Zeng Fangfang , Xiang Wei , Fan Lichun
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in children/adolescents in extreme southern China.

Methods

This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 21,811 children aged 0–18 years from 18 districts in Hainan Province, using a multistage stratified random sampling method from January 2021 to March 2022.

Results

Serum 25(OH)D levels decreased with age (p trend <0.001). VDD prevalence increased significantly from 3.7% (95% CI: 3.2, 4.3) in children aged 0–3 years to 43.5% (95% CI: 42.1, 45.0) in those aged 13–18 years. Girls and urban residents showed higher deficiency rates. Adolescents (13–18 years) had the highest prevalence of VDD (43.5%), while toddlers (0–3 years) had the lowest (3.7%). Factors influencing vitamin D status included gender, urban residency, and breastfeeding duration. Seasonal variations showed higher deficiency rates in autumn, particularly among preschoolers. Regional differences were noted, with the highest deficiency in semiarid and subhumid zones for various age groups.

Conclusion

A significant increase in VDD with age, particularly among adolescents, urban girls, and during autumn, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies.
Nurse-Led Self-Management Support After Organ Transplantation – A Multicenter, Stepped-Wedge Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van Zanten Regina , van Dijk Monique , van Rosmalen Joost , Beck Denise K. , van Staa AnneLoes , Van Hecke Ann , Massey Emma K.
Published: January 2025

In this unblinded multi-center stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial the effectiveness of the nurse-led ZENN-intervention was tested in promoting self-management skills in comparison to standard care among heart, lung and kidney transplant recipients. This intervention is based on behaviour change theories and was conducted in four sessions over 6 months at the outpatient clinic. The experimental group received standard care, plus the ZENN-intervention, while the control group received only standard care. Both groups completed questionnaires at baseline, at 6 months and 1 year follow-up. At baseline, the experimental group (n = 69) scored significantly lower than the control group (n = 106) on the primary outcome Skills and Technique Acquisition (STA). No significant between-group differences were found on the secondary outcomes self-management, self-regulation, quality of life and medication adherence at T1 and T2. There was a significant increase on the self-management scale STA between T0 and T1 in the experimental group. Therefore, participants included in the experimental group had lower self-management skills at baseline and reported significant improvement after completing the intervention. No significant intervention effect was found in the primary analysis, however, for recipients with reduced self-management skills the intervention may be beneficial.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/24150, Netherlands Trial Register NL8469.
Fighting Inflation within the Monetary Union and Outside: The Case of the Visegrad 4
Authors: Reiner Martin , Nagy Mohácsi Piroska
Published: January 2025

The post-pandemic inflation surge tested monetary policy frameworks around the world. It was a particular test for the four Visegrad countries (V4) in Central-Eastern Europe, which provided a “natural experiment” to examine monetary policy outcomes under two different monetary regimes. With broadly similar economic characteristics, Slovakia was already in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) before the post-pandemic inflation hit, whereas the other three countries (Czechia, Hungary and Poland) were not. What was the inflation performance of the V4 countries under the two different regimes? What does this imply for the cost/benefit analysis of euro adoption for countries which are still outside the euro area? We find that EMU membership was beneficial both during “normal times” as the benefits of monetary sovereignty for small, open, integrated economies faded away, and particularly helpful during crisis times.
Challenges of Reducing Interest Expenses on the Minimum Reserve in Small Open Economies : The Case of Hungary
Authors: Csávás Csaba , Kolozsi Pál Péter , Banai Ádám
Published: January 2025

Several central banks responded to the challenges posed by enlarged central bank balance sheets reported at the beginning of the 2020s and the higher interest rates resulting from the inflation shock by raising reserve requirement ratios and lowering the interest rates paid on the reserve requirement. After providing the relevant theoretical background, a brief historical overview and international examples, this paper examines the reform of the Magyar Nemzeti Bank’s reserve requirement system between 2022 and 2024 as a case study. It presents the impact the steps may have had on banking behaviour and the market yield environment, and the responses of the central bank. Based on Hungarian experience, there are significant, strong limitations on reducing the interest rate paid on the minimum reserve: given the overall interest rate environment, such a move may reduce central bank interest expenses as a technical consequence, but this may be limited by the fact that the change may have unintended consequences for the general financial market environment and foreign currency availability. These unintended consequences may vary over time and space, depending on the economic-financial situation of the country and thus very cautious introduction should be considered. The Hungarian experience may be particularly relevant for small open economies that have less developed financial markets and use their own currency.