bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processing Windows of Ni625 Alloy Fabricated Using Direct Energy Deposition
Authors: Ekubaru Yusufu , Nakabayashi Takuya , Fujiwara Tomoharu , Poorganji Behrang
Published: June 2024

Herein, a process window is developed for Ni625 alloy fabricated using a Nikon Lasermeister laser powder direct energy deposition (LP‐DED) unit. The process map illustrates the relationship between the laser power, scan speed, and effective energy density, established by examining the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties. All samples exhibit a bimodal microstructure comprising equiaxed and columnar dendrite grains, and the dendrite arm spacing decreases with increasing scan speed. The tensile behavior of each sample demonstrates minimal variation, and the values are comparable to those reported previously. The ultimate tensile and yield strengths range from 1008 ± 2 to 941 ± 9 and 682 ± 11 to 640 ± 7 MPa, respectively. This study highlights the remarkable manufacturability of Ni625 alloy for additive manufacturing across diverse parameter sets, demonstrating that a single ideal process set does not exist for each material and machine. Instead, multiple “recipes” may be employed to achieve similar outcomes.
Mixed‐Dimensional All‐Organic Polymer Heterostructures with Enhanced Piezoelectricity
Authors: Lian Wangwei , Wang Leiyang , Wang Jie , Cheng Tao , Dai Kun , Lu Bo , Liu Chuntai , Pan Caofeng , Shen Changyu
Published: June 2024

Enhancing the piezoelectricity of polymers while maintaining all components organic is still challenging but significantly important for developing flexible wearable energy harvesters and self‐powered devices. Here, a novel and versatile strategy is introduced to construct mixed‐dimensional all‐organic polymer heterostructures (MPHs) for enhanced piezoelectricity. By combining all‐polymer 1D nanofibers (NFs) with 2D crystals through epitaxial crystallization‐driven assembly (ECA), MPHs are engineered to capitalize on the synergistic effects of both dimensional nanostructures. The intrinsic piezoelectric activity of 1D NFs is amplified by the growth of 2D crystals, enhancing force‐sensitivity and overall piezoelectricity. The mixed‐dimensional assembly not only enables controlled in‐situ growth of MPHs, but also simultaneously induces preferential formation of electroactive phases through solvent‐induced phase transition. By modulating the epitaxial growth of 2D crystals on 1D NFs, effective tuning of MPH growth amount and morphology is achieved, resulting in significant improvements in deformability, dipole polarization, and durability. MPHs exhibit remarkable piezoelectric improvements, achieving higher output under lower‐level forces with a record‐high sensitivity of ≈670 mV kPa−1. Their superior responsivity enables the development of self‐powered wireless wearable motion‐monitoring systems for real‐time physiological movement detection and analysis. This work inspires the development of all‐organic piezoelectric devices for innovative flexible energy‐harvesting and sensing applications.
Stabilizing Analog Signal Processing of Artificial Synapse Under Heat Fluctuations Through Light‐Temperature Antagonistic Operation
Authors: Chen Diandian , Choi Yongsuk , Qian Chuan , Roe Dong Gue , Kim Hyungjin , Jo Sae Byeok , Yoo Youngjae , Tang Dongsheng , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: June 2024

Data processing through artificial synapses is gaining attention owing to the emergence of neuromorphic computing. Analog processing via these synapses can simultaneously handle large volumes of data; however, it is susceptible to interference from various environmental factors. Specifically, temperature changes can significantly affect overall signal characteristics, leading to substantial errors. Herein, an organic heterojunction‐based artificial synapse is presented that is capable of light–temperature antagonistic operations. The properly aligned band structure and trap sites, which are facilitated by oxygen penetration, enable the implementation of controlled synaptic characteristics, depending on temperature and light conditions. An increase in temperature resulted in a thermally enhanced synaptic current, while light irradiation reduced the synaptic current, with the reduction degree being dependent on the light intensity. Finally, a biomimetic analog processor system capable of signal stabilization under drastic temperature changes is implemented. The artificial synapse, which operates using a light–temperature antagonistic operation, can significantly expand the potential applications of artificial intelligence hardware.
Spin Gapless Quantum Materials and Devices
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Wang Xiaolin
Published: June 2024

Quantum materials, with nontrivial quantum phenomena and mechanisms, promise efficient quantum technologies with enhanced functionalities. Quantum technology is held back because a gap between fundamental science and its implementation is not fully understood yet. In order to capitalize the quantum advantage, a new perspective is required to figure out and close this gap. In this review, spin gapless quantum materials, featured by fully spin‐polarized bands and the electron/hole transport, are discussed from the perspective of fundamental understanding and device applications. Spin gapless quantum materials can be simulated by minimal two‐band models and could help to understand band structure engineering in various topological quantum materials discovered so far. It is explicitly highlighted that various types of spin gapless band dispersion are fundamental ingredients to understand quantum anomalous Hall effect. Based on conventional transport in the bulk and topological transport on the boundaries, various spintronic device aspects of spin gapless quantum materials as well as their advantages in different models for topological field effect transistors are reviewed.
Tailoring Stress–Strain Curves of Flexible Snapping Mechanical Metamaterial for On‐Demand Mechanical Responses via Data‐Driven Inverse Design
Authors: Chai Zhiping , Zong Zisheng , Yong Haochen , Ke Xingxing , Zhu Jiaqi , Ding Han , Guo Chuan Fei , Wu Zhigang
Published: June 2024

By incorporating soft materials into the architecture, flexible mechanical metamaterials enable promising applications, e.g., energy modulation, and shape morphing, with a well‐controllable mechanical response, but suffer from spatial and temporal programmability towards higher‐level mechanical intelligence. One feasible solution is to introduce snapping structures and then tune their responses by accurately tailoring the stress–strain curves. However, owing to the strongly coupled nonlinearity of structural deformation and material constitutive model, it is difficult to deduce their stress–strain curves using conventional ways. Here, a machine learning pipeline is trained with the finite element analysis data that considers those strongly coupled nonlinearities to accurately tailor the stress–strain curves of snapping metamaterialfor on‐demand mechanical response with an accuracy of 97.41%, conforming well to experiment. Utilizing the established approach, the energy absorption efficiency of the snapping‐metamaterial‐based device can be tuned within the accessible range to realize different rebound heights of a falling ball, and soft actuators can be spatially and temporally programmed to achieve synchronous and sequential actuation with a single energy input. Purely relying on structure designs, the accurately tailored metamaterials increase the devices’ tunability/programmability. Such an approach can potentially extend to similar nonlinear scenarios towards predictable or intelligent mechanical responses.
Structure‐Guided Engineering of Thermodynamically Enhanced SaCas9 for Improved Gene Suppression
Authors: Kang Eun Sung , Kim Nam Hyeong , Lim Hyun‐Kyoung , Jeon Hyeyeon , Han Kayoung , No Young Hyun , Kim Kyungtae , Khaleel Zinah Hilal , Shin Dongsun , Eom Kilho , Nam Jiyoung , Lee Bok‐Soo , Kim Han‐Joo , Suh Minah , Lee Jaecheol , Thach Trung Thanh , Hyun Jaekyung , Kim Yong Ho
Published: June 2024

Proteins with multiple domains play pivotal roles in various biological processes, necessitating a thorough understanding of their structural stability and functional interplay. Here, a structure‐guided protein engineering approach is proposed to develop thermostable Cas9 (CRISPR‐associated protein 9) variant for CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) interference applications. By employing thermodynamic analysis, combining distance mapping and molecular dynamics simulations, deletable domains are identified to enhance stability while preserving the DNA recognition function of Cas9. The resulting engineered Cas9, termed small and dead form Cas9, exhibits improved thermostability and maintains target DNA recognition function. Cryo‐electron microscopy analysis reveals structural integrity with reduced atomic density in the deleted domain. Fusion with functional elements enables intracellular delivery and nuclear localization, demonstrating efficient gene suppression in diverse cell types. Direct delivery in the mouse brain shows enhanced knockdown efficiency, highlighting the potential of structure‐guided engineering to develop functional CRISPR systems tailored for specific applications. This study underscores the significance of integrating computational and experimental approaches for protein engineering, offering insights into designing tailored molecular tools for precise biological interventions.
Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoplatforms: ZIF‐8‐Decorated Ferrocenyl Surfactant‐Based Vesicles for Synergistic Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Uysal Emin , Yavas Sabiha Gulce , Kalaycioglu Gokce Dicle , Polat Mustafa , Kalipcilar Halil , Aydogan Nihal
Published: June 2024

One of the most important issues in the design and preparation of drug delivery systems in the recent years is versatility which includes providing synergistic therapeutic effects and sustainability. This study uses a redox‐active ferrocenyl surfactant (FcN+(CH2CH3)3(CH2)10CH3, Fc(C11) where Fc is ferrocene) and pH responsive Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) structures to form multifunctional assemblies (Fc(C11)‐AOT/Rhb@ZIF‐8/PDA) that can be used in several application including the drug delivery. The vesicles prepared using AOT‐FC(C11) constitute the core of the structure. Since the location of the ferrocene group in the molecule structure, which is next to head group, the surface of the vesicles is decorated with the ferrocene group which can act as a Fenton reaction catalyst. The polydopamine (PDA) covered ZIF‐8 are used to decorate the surface of the vesicles, creating a truly remarkable structure. The porous structure of ZIF‐8 as well as the core of the vesicles can accommodate drug molecules. With the added NIR‐responsive character upon PDA coating, this assembled structure can be used for phototermal therapy applications. The properties of this designed multifunctional and multi‐responsive system are studied at different pH and under NIR‐laser irradiation and show that it has potential to display a triple chemodynamic/ photothermal/ chemotherapeutic effect.
The Role of Carbon Quantum Dots in Environmental Protection
Authors: Sousa Helena B. A. , Prior João A. V.
Published: June 2024

Now more than ever, research into environmental management has gained relevance. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently been considered a valuable asset to this field, as their tunable fluorescence, adaptable surface chemistry and behavior as both electron acceptors or donors are chemical properties of paramount importance. This newfound interest emerged in the scientific community, and propelled CQDs to be utilized in diverse strategies for environmental remediation and pollution containment. Thus, this review will thoroughly examine how the several stages of CQDs life cycle can be exploited in the protection of the environment and hence, have a role in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Starting with their production, several techniques for green synthesis of CQDs resorting to biomass and waste products will be discussed. Then, the applications of CQDs in pollution sensing, degrading, and adsorbing will be the focus. The role of CQDs in clean energy generation will also be described, namely their inclusion in solar cells, solar‐thermal convertors, and hydrogen evolution processes. Lastly, current challenges and limitations to the widespread use of CQDs will be addressed, followed by considerations on the contribution that CQDs may provide upon their pervasive implementation.
Sustainable Multifunctionality: Bio‐Inspired Printing of Nanocellulose Aerogel Acoustical Materials
Authors: Yang Guang , Lomte Amulya , Sharma Bhisham , Lei Shuting , Lin Dong
Published: June 2024

The 3D freeze printing (3DFP) of nanocellulose aerogels are demonstrated with large‐scale aligned pore orientations as a sustainable alternative to current acoustical materials. In contrast with the unidirectional pore network orientations obtained from current 3DFP techniques, a bidirectional orientation is achieved by using an inhomogeneous printing substrate to alter the thermal gradient within the print volume. The microstructural morphology shows that bidirectional printing results in a 2D pore orientation, with comparatively thinner pore walls and larger pore widths. Acoustic measurements reveal that altering the pore network characteristics significantly affects the acoustical behavior of the printed CNC aerogels; the wider pores allow the bidirectional CNC aerogels to provide higher sound absorption performance at lower frequencies than the unidirectional samples. Notably, both 3D Freeze printed CNC aerogels provide substantially higher sound transmission loss performance as compared to current acoustical materials. The unidirectional pore structure results in CNC aerogels with higher stiffness and improved energy absorption performance, with both 3D freeze printed CNC aerogels outperforming other CNC aerogel materials in their stiffness‐to‐density ratios. The ability to simultaneously control their pore orientation and macrostructural geometry paves the way for printing complex shaped CNC aerogel structures for multifunctional noise control applications.
Flexible and Transparent Encapsulation Films with Self‐Assembled Montmorillonite Induced by Marangoni Forces
Authors: Nam Yun Seok , Han Jongmin , Kim Na‐Hyang , Lee Sang Yun , Jung Eui dae , Lee Ah‐Young , Noh Young Wook , Yu Jae Chul , Woo Jeong‐Hyun , Lee Suk‐Bin , Kim Ju‐Young , Song Myoung Hoon
Published: June 2024

Organic semiconductors are used in organic opto‐electronic devices because of their various advantages. However, they are vulnerable to moisture and oxygen. Thus, flexible and transparent encapsulations with barrier properties against moisture and oxygen need to be developed to fabricate bendable and foldable organic semiconductor devices. In this study, a simple and highly productive self‐assembly process is developed from montmorillonites by using maximized Marangoni forces and a co‐solvent in an aqueous water and a non‐aqueous N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone medium for the fabrication of a flexible and transparent encapsulation film. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and optical transmittance of montmorillonite‐based flexible and transparent encapsulation films are modulated using different precursor solution concentrations and numbers of stacked montmorillonite layers. Long‐term stability of transparent polymer solar cells with self‐assembled flexible and transparent encapsulation films (WVTR of 6.66 × 10−3 g m−2 day−1 and optical transmittance of 90.5% at 550 nm) is enhanced, and performance of flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes with flexible encapsulation films is maintained after 1000 bending cycles, even at a bending radius of 2 mm. Mechanical properties of prepared encapsulation films are analyzed by conducting tensile tests and finite element analysis simulations, demonstrating that an integrated analysis includes both devices and encapsulation films.
Dual‐Material Aerosol Jet Printing of Magneto‐Responsive Polymers with In‐Process Tailorable Composition for Small‐Scale Soft Robotics
Authors: Taccola Silvia , Bakhshi Hadi , Sanchez Sifuentes Midori , Lloyd Peter , Tinsley Luke J. , Macdonald James , Bacchetti Alistair , Cespedes Oscar , Chandler James H. , Valdastri Pietro , Meyer Wolfdietrich , Harris Russell A.
Published: June 2024

The opportunity to create magneto‐responsive soft materials (MSMs) with in‐process tailorable and locally controllable magnetic properties is highly desirable across many technological and biomedical applications. In this paper, this capability is demonstrated for the first time using computer‐controlled dual‐material aerosol jet printing (DMAJP) technology. This approach allows controlled variation of composition between the aerosols of a magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) ink and a photocurable polymer during the printing process. The mixing ratio of the two aerosols determines the MNPs loading in the nanocomposite, which can be used to locally control the magnetic properties of the printed structures. The printing process is structured in a layer‐by‐layer fashion in combination with a sacrificial layer approach for building fully freestanding MSM structures that combine magnetoactive and non‐magnetoactive elements in a single process multi‐material printing method with no further assembly requirements. Using this method, the direct manufacturing of small‐scale multi‐material soft objects with complex shapes and programmable functions whose movements can be controlled by the application of an external magnetic field is demonstrated.
Synthesis of 2‐Aminopyridine Derivatives via a Tandem CuAAC/Ring‐Cleavage/[4+2]‐Cycloaddition/Rearrangement Reaction Sequence
Authors: Yang Weiguang , Li Guanrong , Luo Danyang , Huang Zixin , Banwell Martin G. , Luo Xiai
Published: June 2024

2H‐Azirines are an important class of small‐ring heterocycle that have been employed as versatile synthetic building blocks. Herein, a one‐pot CuAAC/ring‐cleavage/[4+2]‐cycloaddition/rearrangement reaction sequence involving terminal ynones, sulfonyl azides and 2H‐azirines is reported that leads to 2‐aminopyridine derivatives. In the first step, highly reactive N‐sulfonyl α‐acylketenimines are generated, via a CuAAC/ring‐cleavage process, from sulfonyl azides and terminal ynones and these undergo inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions with 2H‐azirines to form (isolable) 1,3‐oxazines that themselves undergo base‐promoted ring‐cleavage and rearrangement reactions to afford the title compounds.
Nanoflowers Templated CuO/Cu Hybrid Metasurface for Sensitive THz‐TDS Detection of Acetylcholine
Authors: Lee Soo Hyun , Kim Taeyeon , Seo Minah
Published: June 2024

Achieving sensitive detection using terahertz (THz) time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS) remains challenging due to the low probabilities of molecules being positioned within microscale active regions of typical THz metamaterials. The hybrid metamaterials are prepared with expanded active surface areas by templating CuO nanoflowers into Cu nanoslots through the one‐step hydrothermal method. The optimum condition of CuO/Cu nanoslots is achieved with variations in optical transmittance and without alteration of resonance frequency (fres). The enhancement of detection efficiency is obtained with acetylcholine (ACh), which has a hydrolysis‐transformable characteristic. The cleavage of ACh into two molecules, namely choline and acetic acid, poses a challenge for direct THz‐TDS detection. This is because the altered molecular energy states do not match with the resonance frequencies of pristine Cu nanoslots. Since the CuO nanoflowers with high chemical reactivity became corroded by acetic acid, sufficient signal variations are observed. As a portion of CuO nanoflowers is decreased, the transmittance gradually reached the original state (i.e., recovery). For the ACh, the comparison of sensing performance (i.e., sensitivity, limit‐of‐detection, and correlation coefficient) between the CuO/Cu and Cu nanoslots is intensively performed.
Unveiling the Potential of Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x‐Based Solar Cells for Efficient Indoor Light Harvesting: Numerical Simulation
Authors: Manjhi Sarita , Siddharth Gaurav , Pandey Sushil K. , Sengar Brajendra S. , Garg Vivek
Published: June 2024

Lead‐free Perovskite‐inspired materials (PIM) have become the most promising candidate for indoor photovoltaics (IPV) because of their low toxicity and high performance. In this study, the potential of one of the lead‐free PIMs, Cesium antimony chloride iodide (Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x), is explored for IPV devices. Recent experimental research work on a Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x− based solar cell with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.7% is considered for the baseline model development. The device performance is further optimized by investigating 1) absorber thickness and defect density, 2) band alignment of Electron Transport Layer (ETL)/Absorber, ETL Doping concentration and absorber/ETL interface defect density, 3) band alignment of Hole Transport Layer (HTL)/Absorber, HTL Doping concentration, and absorber/HTL interface defect density, 4) work function of metal contacts, 5) series and shunt resistances. After device optimization, the simulated device under 1000 lux WLED is able to achieve Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE of 1.8 mA cm−2, 1.46 V, 89.3%, and 45.05%, respectively. Further, an evaluation of the performance of the optimized device under various indoor light sources, including White Light Emitting Diode (WLED), halogen, and Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), is conducted in order to assess its performance under widely utilized lighting conditions.
Distribution Enhancement for Imbalanced Data with Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Chen Yueqi , Pedrycz Witold , Pan Tingting , Wang Jian , Yang Jie
Published: June 2024

Tackling imbalanced problems encountered in real‐world applications poses a challenge at present. Oversampling is a widely useful method for imbalanced tabular data. However, most traditional oversampling methods generate samples by interpolation of minority (positive) class, failing to entirely capture the probability density distribution of the original data. In this paper, a novel oversampling method is presented based on generative adversarial network (GAN) with the originality of introducing three strategies to enhance the distribution of the positive class, called GAN‐E. The first strategy is to inject prior knowledge of positive class into the latent space of GAN, improving sample emulation. The second strategy is to inject random noise containing this prior knowledge into both original and generated positive samples to stretch the learning space of the discriminator of GAN. The third one is to use multiple GANs to learn comprehensive probability distributions of positive class based on multi‐scale data to eliminate the influence of GAN on generating aggregate samples. The experimental results and statistical tests obtained on 18 commonly used imbalanced datasets show that the proposed method comes with a better performance in terms of G‐mean, F‐measure, AUC and accuracy than 14 other rebalanced methods.
Efficient Reaction‐Based Approaches for Gas‐Phase Enthalpy of Formation Prediction and their Application to Large (C32) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Nosach Egor A. , Rozov Timofey P. , Otlyotov Arseniy A. , Minenkov Yury
Published: June 2024

In this work, an efficient and generally applicable scheme for the automatic generation of the minimal set of independent model reactions to be used for the calculation of enthalpies of formation is presented. A post‐processing procedure targeting the selection of the most suitable model reactions by assigning them larger weights is suggested. The developed computational protocol exploiting high‐level ab initio calculations and accurate reference enthalpies of formation retrieved from the Active Thermochemical Tables reproduces with chemical accuracy well‐established enthalpies of formation of 15 relatively small (C10–C24) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A promising alternative single‐reaction strategy encompassing all reference species is outlined. Both methods are then applied to predict for the set of 43 larger (C32) PAHs, and revealed significant deviation (Mean Unsigned Error, MUE = 23.2 kJ mol−1) compared to the earlier theoretical results obtained from B3LYP calculations with subsequent group‐based empirical corrections. In the absence of the experimental data, these evaluations of are expected to be more realistic as the approach employed in this work demonstrated better performance on the benchmarking set of 15 smaller PAHs with the MUE of 1.3–1.5 versus 6.2 kJ mol−1.
A Mathematical Model of the Dynamics of the Transmission of Monkeypox Disease Using Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Manivel M. , Venkatesh A. , Arunkumar K. , Prakash Raj M. , Shyamsunder
Published: June 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of Mpox viral transmission using a compartmental mathematical model. The model incorporates the impact of immunization, isolation, and hospitalization on disease management, as well as the interaction between humans and rodents. Through numerical simulations, the study highlights the effectiveness of isolation in mitigating disease transmission and emphasizes the significance of mathematical modeling and simulation techniques in understanding disease dynamics. The utilization of Caputo's fractional differential equation in the human dynamical model is shown to be effective in regulating disease in all compartments. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most influential parameters in virus transmission. The findings contribute valuable insights for public health strategies and provide a foundation for further research in disease control and management.
Single‐Atom Catalysts Based on the Mo2CO2 MXene for CO Oxidation
Authors: Gouveia José D. , Gomes José R. B.
Published: June 2024

Through density functional theory calculations, the mechanism of CO oxidation to CO2 on single‐atom catalysts consisting of an atom of Ti, Fe, or Zn deposited on the surface of the Mo2CO2 MXene is investigated. In the case of Fe@Mo2CO2, a mechanism resembling that of Termolecular Langmuir–Hinshelwood (TLH) is thermodynamically and kinetically favored, displaying very exothermic CO2 formation, low activation energies, and easy CO2 desorption. On Ti@Mo2CO2, the dissociation of CO2 is almost barrierless and much more likely to occur than CO2 desorption, barring the usage of this surface as a catalyst for CO oxidation. Finally, on Zn@Mo2CO2, a hybrid Langmuir–Hinshelwood/Eley–Rideal (LH/ER) mechanism is thermodynamically and kinetically feasible. Here, after the first CO2 forms, with an energy barrier of only 0.62 eV, the second CO2 is formed spontaneously, and the Zn–CO2 interactions are weak enough to allow desorption. The calculated thermodynamic quantities and reaction rates at T = 300 K indicate that Fe@Mo2CO2 should be quite active toward CO oxidation, followed by Zn@Mo2CO2, while the Ti‐based model is inactive. The results add to the evidence that establishes single transition metal atoms adsorbed on MXene surfaces as cheap and easily obtainable catalysts that offer the best of both bare and functionalized MXenes.
ETL and HTL Engineering in CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite for Stable and Efficient Performance Photovoltaic Devices Applications using SCAPS‐ 1D
Authors: Ishraq Mohammad Hasin , Kabir Md. Raihan , Tarekuzzaman Md. , Rahman Md. Ferdous , Rasheduzzaman Md. , Hasan Md. Zahid
Published: June 2024

Perovskite solar cells are increasingly acknowledged for their unique characteristics. This study focuses on simulating the impact of methylammonium lead bromide‐based perovskites, as the absorber in perovskite solar cells using the SCAPS‐1D simulator. The research delves into how the performance of these solar cells is affected by the choice of Electron Transport Layers (TiO2, PCBM, SnO2, and ZnO) and Hole Transport Layer (Cu2O) with Ni and Al as the back and front contact. This investigation marks the first comprehensive exploration of CH3NH3PbBr3. The performance of these device architectures is significantly influenced by factors such as defect density, absorber thickness, ETL thickness, and the combination of different ETLs. The power conversion efficiencies of devices optimized with TiO2, PCBM, SnO2, and ZnO are found to be 15.46%, 15.33%, 15.01%, and 14.99%, respectively. Furthermore, this study elucidates the impact of absorber and HTL thickness. Also, they have discussed the VBO, CBO for different ETLs. Additionally, the effects of series resistance, shunt resistance are examined, operating temperature, quantum efficiency (QE), capacitance‐voltage characteristics, generation and recombination rates, current density‐voltage (J‐V), and impedance analysis of the devices. Through this extensive simulation study, researchers are equipped to develop cost‐effective and highly efficient PSCs, thereby advancing solar technology.
Synergistic Effect of Ferroelectric and HfO2/SiO2 Hetero dielectrics in Junctionless FET for Analog and RF Applications
Authors: Singh Jyotsana , Chauhan Rajeev Kumar , Yadava Narendra
Published: June 2024

The synergistic effect of ferroelectric and HfO2/SiO2 (Hafnium dioxide/ Silicon dioxide) hetero dielectrics in double gate Junctionless Field Effect Transistor is investigated using TCAD Tool. The study encompasses a wide range of parameters, allowing for a detailed examination of the impact of hysteresis on the overall functionality of the double gate Junctionless FET. One crucial aspect of the investigation involves examining the analog and RF performance of the device. The high transconductance (gm) of 5.42 mS, a gain of 95 dB (decibel), a cut‐off frequency of 553.9 GHz (gigahertz), a gain transconductance frequency product (GTFP) of 50.9 THz (terahertz), and a gain bandwidth product (GBW) of 188 GHz  shows its great potential for analog and RF signal processing applications as well as for other high data rate wireless applications such as Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet‐of‐Thing (IoT). The low transit time of 17 ns (nano second), with high ION/IOFF ratio range of 107 shows that the device has good switching behavior also. This aspect of the research aims to unveil the device's viability for analog and high‐frequency applications, contributing valuable insights to the emerging electronic technologies field.
A Negative Feedback Loop Compromises NMD‐Mediated Virus Restriction by the Autophagy Pathway in Plants
Authors: Chen Yalin , Jia Mingxuan , Ge Linhao , Li Zhaolei , He Hao , Zhou Xueping , Li Fangfang
Published: June 2024

Nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD) and autophagy play pivotal roles in restricting virus infection in plants. However, the interconnection between these two pathways in viral infections has not been explored. Here, it is shown that overexpression of NbSMG7 and NbUPF3 attenuates cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infection by recognizing the viral internal termination codon and vice versa. NbSMG7 is subjected to autophagic degradation, which is executed by its interaction with one of the autophagy‐related proteins, NbATG8i. Mutation of the ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in NbSMG7 (SMG7mAIM1) abolishes the interaction and comprises its autophagic degradation. Silencing of NbSMG7 and NbATG8i, or NbUPF3 and NbATG8i, compared to silencing each gene individually, leads to more virus accumulations, but overexpression of NbSMG7 and NbATG8i fails to achieve more potent virus inhibition. When CGMMV is co‐inoculated with NbSMG7mAIM1 or with NbUPF3, compared to co‐inoculating with NbSMG7 in NbATG8i transgene plants, the inoculated plants exhibit milder viral phenotypes. These findings reveal that NMD‐mediated virus inhibition is impaired by the autophagic degradation of SMG7 in a negative feedback loop, and a novel regulatory interplay between NMD and autophagy is uncovered, providing insights that are valuable in optimizing strategies to harness NMD and autophagy for combating viral infections.
Advances in Noble Metal Electrocatalysts for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Construction of Under‐Coordinated Active Sites
Authors: Wang Huimin , Yan Zhenhua , Cheng Fangyi , Chen Jun
Published: June 2024

Renewable energy‐driven proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) attracts widespread attention as a zero‐emission and sustainable technology. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with sluggish OER kinetics and rapid deactivation are major obstacles to the widespread commercialization of PEMWE. To date, although various advanced electrocatalysts have been reported to enhance acidic OER performance, Ru/Ir‐based nanomaterials remain the most promising catalysts for PEMWE applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, stable, and cost‐effective Ru/Ir catalysts. Since the structure‐performance relationship is one of the most important tools for studying the reaction mechanism and constructing the optimal catalytic system. In this review, the recent research progress from the construction of unsaturated sites to gain a deeper understanding of the reaction and deactivation mechanism of catalysts is summarized. First, a general understanding of OER reaction mechanism, catalyst dissolution mechanism, and active site structure is provided. Then, advances in the design and synthesis of advanced acidic OER catalysts are reviewed in terms of the classification of unsaturated active site design, i.e., alloy, core‐shell, single‐atom, and framework structures. Finally, challenges and perspectives are presented for the future development of OER catalysts and renewable energy technologies for hydrogen production.
Tunable Emissive CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Quantum Dots Engineered by Discrete Phase Transformation for Enhanced Photogating in Field‐Effect Phototransistors
Authors: Han Xiao , Wan Siyuan , He Lin , Zou Junlong , Mavric Andraz , Wang Yixi , Piotrowski Marek , Bandela Anil Kumar , Samorì Paolo , Wang Zhiming , Leydecker Tim , Thumu Udayabhaskararao
Published: June 2024

Precise control of quantum structures in hybrid nanocrystals requires advancements in scientific methodologies. Here, on the design of tunable CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 quantum dots are reported by developing a unique discrete phase transformation approach in Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals. Unlike conventional hybrid systems that emit solely in the green region, this current strategy produces adjustable luminescence in the blue (450 nm), cyan (480 nm), and green (510 nm) regions with high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 45%, 60%, and 85%, respectively. Concentration‐dependent studies reveal that phase transformation mechanisms and the factors that drive CsBr removal occur at lower dilutions while the dissolution–recrystallization process dominates at higher dilutions. When the polymer‐CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 integrated into a field‐effected transistor the resulting phototransistors featured enhanced photosensitivity exceeding 105, being the highest reported for an n‐type phototransistor, while maintaining good transistor performances as compared to devices consisting of polymer‐CsPbBr3 NCs.
Optical Fiber‐Assisted Printing: A Platform Technology for Straightforward Photopolymer Resins Patterning and Freeform 3D Printing
Authors: Cianciosi Alessandro , Pfeiffle Maximilian , Wohlfahrt Philipp , Nürnberger Severin , Jungst Tomasz
Published: June 2024

Light‐based 3D printing techniques represent powerful tools, enabling the precise fabrication of intricate objects with high resolution and control. An innovative addition to this set of printing techniques is Optical Fiber‐Assisted Printing (OFAP) introduced in this article. OFAP is a platform utilizing an LED‐coupled optical fiber (LOF) that selectively crosslinks photopolymer resins. It allows change of parameters like light intensity and LOF velocity during fabrication, facilitating the creation of structures with progressive features and multi‐material constructs layer‐by‐layer. An optimized formulation based on allyl‐modified gelatin (gelAGE) with food dyes as photoabsorbers is introduced. Additionally, a novel gelatin‐based biomaterial, alkyne‐modified gelatin (gelGPE), featuring alkyne moieties, demonstrates near‐visible light absorption thus fitting OFAP needs, paving the way for multifunctional hydrogels through thiol‐yne click chemistry. Besides 2D patterning, OFAP is transferred to embedded 3D printing within a resin bath demonstrating the proof‐of‐concept as a novel printing technology with potential applications in tissue engineering and biomimetic scaffold fabrication, offering rapid and precise freeform printing capabilities.
Enabling Aqueous Processing of Ni‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes via Systematic Modification of Biopolymer (Polysaccharide)‐Based Binders
Authors: Albers Simon , Timmermann Jens , Brake Tobias , Arifiadi Anindityo , Gerlitz Anna I. , Börner Markus , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: June 2024

Aqueous processing of lithium (ion) battery cathodes based on Ni‐rich layered oxides like LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 (NCM) can reduce costs, increase sustainability, and pave the way for F‐free, e.g., biopolymeric binders, however, the degradation of water‐sensitive Ni‐rich NCM remains a challenge. Besides strategies like NCM coatings and processing additives, customized binders can be performance‐decisive via impacting both, electrode processing aspects (paste viscosity, particle dispersibility, etc.) and chemical interactions with NCM surface, though, a distinction between these two impacting factors is difficult given their mutual influences. For this reason, a bifunctional binder system is chosen in this work, i.e., highly viscous xanthan and low viscous pullulan, both polysaccharides known from the food industry, which realize constant viscosity and processing, finally enabling systematic investigation of binder modifications (here pullulan) with various side groups. In fact, while the rate performance remains constant, suggesting a similar composite network with comparable electronic and ionic conductivities, the modified binders affect the NCM||graphite cycle life, where a higher substitution degree of carboxymethylated pullulan can even compete with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/polyvinylidene difluoride state‐of‐the‐art system at conventional upper charge voltage (4.2 V); while at 4.5 V water‐reasoned NCM damages get obvious, as seen by enhanced electrode cross‐talk via transition metal deposition on anode.
Essential updates 2022/2023: A review of current topics in robotic hepatectomy
Authors: Adachi Tomohiko , Hara Takanobu , Matsushima Hajime , Soyama Akihiko , Eguchi Susumu
Published: June 2024

The liver requires careful handling intra‐operatively owing to its vital functions and complexity. Traditional open hepatectomy, while standard, is invasive and requires long recovery periods. Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a less invasive option, with its own challenges. The rise of robotic surgery, such as the da Vinci® system, improves precision and control, addressing the limitations of conventional methods, but brings new concerns, such as costs and training. This review focuses on the latest advancements in robotic hepatectomy from 2022/23 articles, delving into topics like “robotic surgery in liver transplantation,” “robotic hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,” “robotic vascular reconstruction following hepatectomy,” “robotic repeat hepatectomy,” and “prospective trials in robotic hepatectomy.” To retrieve articles, a focused literature search was conducted using PubMed for articles from 2022/23 with a 5‐year filter, excluding reviews. Initially, abstracts were screened, and relevant articles on robotic surgery were examined in full for inclusion in this review. Although all the above items are cutting‐edge, and many of the references are necessarily at the level of case reports, recent articles are still accompanied by surgical videos, which are useful to readers, especially surgeons who are considering imitating the procedures. In summary, we examined the recent advancements in robotic liver resection. The inclusion of videos that present new techniques aids in knowledge transfer. We anticipate the continued growth of this field of research.
Effect of abdominal aortic calcification on long‐term outcomes after the first liver resection in very old patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Namba Yosuke , Ohira Masahiro , Imaoka Yuki , Hamaoka Michinori , Hashimoto Masakazu , Onoe Takashi , Takei Daisuke , Oishi Koichi , Yamaguchi Megumi , Abe Tomoyuki , Tadokoro Takeshi , Fukuhara Sotaro , Oshita Ko , Matsubara Keiso , Honmyo Naruhiko , Kuroda Shintaro , Tahara Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ide Kentaro , Ohdan Hideki
Published: June 2024

Aim

We previously reported that abdominal aortic calcification is associated with poor overall and recurrence‐free survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effect of abdominal aortic calcification on cancer‐specific prognosis in very old patients with several comorbidities remains unknown. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the impact of abdominal aortic calcification on the cumulative recurrence rate and recurrence‐free survival in patients with HCC aged >80 years.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 128 patients (aged ≥80 years) who underwent liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma at seven hospitals belonging to Hiroshima Surgical Study Group of Clinical Oncology between January 2014 and December 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: high and low abdominal aortic calcification groups. The primary endpoints were cumulative recurrence rate and recurrence‐free survival.

Results

Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated that the cumulative recurrence rate in the high abdominal aortic calcification group was significantly higher than that in the low abdominal aortic calcification group, and the high abdominal aortic calcification group had a significantly lower recurrence‐free survival rate. In the multivariate analysis, high abdominal aortic calcification (p = 0.03), high des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin score (p = 0.04), and multiple tumors (p < 0.01) were independent predictive factors for recurrent HCC, and high abdominal aortic calcification (p = 0.01) and high des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin (p = 0.01) were independent predictive factors for poor cancer‐specific survival.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the abdominal aortic calcification score is associated with cumulative recurrence rate and recurrence‐free survival in very old patients with HCC.
Sleep correlates of behavior functioning in Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Ng Rowena , Grados Marco , O'Connor Julia , Summa Deirdre , Kline Antonie D.
Published: June 2024

Pathogenic variants in the cohesin genes, NIPBL and SMC1A, both cause Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), a rare genetic disorder associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability. This study aimed to compare sleep behaviors across individuals with CdLS caused by a variant in NIPBL or SMC1A, and identify relationships between sleep and behavior functioning. A total of 31 caregivers of individuals with a variant in NIPBL (N = 22) or SMC1A (N = 9) completed questionnaires regarding their child's sleep behaviors, behavior regulation, attention, and autistic features (repetitive behaviors and social communication difficulties) as part of the Coordination of Rare Diseases (CoRDS) registry. Findings showed a trend of increased behavior regulation difficulties and repetitive behaviors in the NIPBL compared to the SMC1A participants. Both groups presented with a similar degree of attention, social communication, and sleep challenges. In the whole sample, sleep disturbance was strongly correlated with more behavior regulation difficulties, a relationship that was more robust in the NIPBL sample. In brief, study results support our prior observations of greater behavior difficulties among those with a variant in NIPBL as compared to SMC1A. Preliminary findings point to unique associations between sleep and behavior regulation in the NIPBL group, suggesting sleep interventions may yield differential effects on behavior management across variants.
Pharmacoepidemiology evaluation of bumetanide as a potential candidate for drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Morales Jasmine , Gabriel Nico , Natarajan Loki , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Xu Ronghui , Silverman James , Feldman Howard H. , Hernandez Inmaculada ,   for the Powder for Pennies Collaboration
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Bumetanide, a loop diuretic, was identified as a candidate drug for repurposing for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on its effects on transcriptomic apolipoprotein E signatures. Cross‐sectional analyses of electronic health records suggest that bumetanide is associated with decreased prevalence of AD; however, temporality between bumetanide exposure and AD development has not been established.

METHODS

We evaluated Medicare claims data using Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the association between time‐dependent use of bumetanide and time to first AD diagnosis while controlling for patient characteristics. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the findings.

RESULTS

We sampled 833,561 Medicare beneficiaries, 60.8% female, with mean (standard deviation) age of 70.4 (12). Bumetanide use was not significantly associated with AD risk (hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.10).

DISCUSSION

Using a nationwide dataset and a retrospective cohort study design, we were not able to identify a time‐dependent effect of bumetanide lowering AD risk.

Highlights

Bumetanide was identified as a candidate for repurposing for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

We evaluated the association between bumetanide use and risk of AD.

We used Medicare data and accounted for duration of bumetanide use.

Bumetanide use was not significantly associated with risk of AD.
Dynamics of Quantum Correlation in a Two‐qutrit Heisenberg XXZ Model with Heitler‐London and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Couplings
Authors: Adnane Brahim , Moqine Younes , Khribach Aziz , Houri Abdelghani El , Houça Rachid , Choubabi El Bouâzzaoui , Belouad Abdelhadi
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the dynamics of quantum coherence and entanglement in the spin‐1 Heisenberg XXZ model. Particularly, the effects of the Heitler‐London (HL) coupling and the Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya (DM) interaction are examined. By utilizing tools from quantum information theory, the concept of quantum correlated coherence and negativity are explored. The results show intrinsic decoherence leads to a decay of both correlated coherence and negativity. Interestingly, it is found that a small value of the Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction can significantly enhance coherence and entanglement. Various factors influence the system dynamics, including the initial state, anisotropy parameter, and the coupling distance between spins. It is shown that, by fixing the anisotropy parameter, the isotropic Heisenberg models XX and XXX can be easily recovered. Ultimately, the findings highlight that the system maintains a coherent temporal evolution despite decoherence.