bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Factors Affecting the Adherence to HAART in HIV Infected Children
Authors: Choudhary Ranju , Nirankari Ravikant
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND Adherence to medication, also known as compliance with medication, is the extent to which patients follow medical instruction.1,2 Adherence level of 90% or more is commonly cited as essential for HIV infected patients for maximum benefit of treatment. This level of adherence is also difficult to attain given that average adherence rate of 70-75% are found in primary care setting.3We wanted to evaluate the factors that affect the adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in children and counselling of attendant, parents, or caregivers for better adherence to HAART. METHODS The children who were HIV positive (confirmed by ELISA for HIV-I/or HIV-II) had been the part of this study. Follow up questionnaire method was followed in this study for total 30 patients who were enrolled in this study. RESULTS >95% adherence level was found in 63% of patients in all six visits and all these patients had a better health status. Over all drug adherence level of >95% in all age group was found in 60% of patients. Adolescent patients were found to be of fluctuating nature. 71% male patients found to be >95% adherent while only 44% female patients were >95% adherent to HAART. Some patients were found to be 100% adherent and multiple factors were present. Adherence program and counselling was the most important factor that increases adherence level after regular visits. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors affect the adherence to treatment and this is very difficult in children. KEY WORDS HIV, ART, ARV, HAART, Adherence, HIV Infected Children, STD.
Torsion of a Wandering Spleen Presenting as a Case of Acute Abdomen
Authors: K.S. Shahi , Nikita Nikita , Akash Akash , Bhandari Geeta
Published: March 2022

Wandering spleen is a rare clinical entity characterized by anomalous position of the spleen in the abdomen due to impaired splenic ligamentous attachments that produce an elongation of the vascular pedicle, favouring a possible volvulus of partial or complete vascular axis. Wandering spleen was first described in autopsies by Johannes Van Horne in 1667. Wandering spleen mainly presents as an asymptomatic mass or seldomly presents as recurrent abdominal pain or acute abdomen. The absence of splenic parenchyma in the left upper quadrant and ectopic location of the spleen can be shown by USG, CT and MRI The procedure of choice in the treatment of wandering spleen is splenopexy. Here we present a case of torsion in a wandering spleen in a 32 years old female. Wandering spleen is a rare clinical entity characterized by anomalous position of the spleen in the abdomen due to impaired splenic ligamentous attachments that produce an elongation of the vascular pedicle, favouring a possible volvulus of partial or complete vascular axis.1 Its aetiology is not clear. Congenital factors exist such as an alteration in the development of the dorsal mesogastrium2 and acquired factors such as hormonal changes during pregnancy,3 abdominal wall weakness, splenomegaly. Clinical presentation is variable, from asymptomatic to chronic abdominal pain or acute abdomen. The most common complication is acute torsion of the splenic pedicle causing acute abdominal pain.
Ectopic Varices at Hepaticojejunostomy Site Presenting as Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleed with Portal Biliopathy
Authors: Solanki Arun Devjibhai , Immaneni Shubha , A. Aravind , Selvi Caroline , Karunakaran Premkumar , Annasamy Chezhian
Published: March 2022

RATIONALE Ectopic varix at the hepaticojejunostomy site is a rare finding. So symptomatic jejunal varices at this site are difficult to manage. PATIENT CONCERN A 37-year-old female presented with bleeding per rectum for 5 months with a history of hepaticojejunostomy done 6 years back for management of postcholecystectomy bile leak. DIAGNOSIS The endoscopic investigation could not identify the source of bleeding. When conservative management could not control her bleeding, she underwent DSA which showed haemorrhage from ectopic varices at the hepaticojejunostomy site. INTERVENTION The patient underwent embolization of ectopic varices to arrest bleeding OUTCOME After embolization, patient bleeding per rectum stopped and improvement in haemoglobin was noted within 3 days of the procedure. ABBREVIATIONS DSA: Digital subtraction angiography, SMA: Superior mesenteric artery, SMV: Superior mesenteric vein, HJ: Hepaticojejunostomy, AVSC: Adult variable stiffness colonoscope, SBE-Single balloon enteroscopy, DBE: Double balloon enteroscopy KEY WORDS Hepaticojejunostomy, Portal Biliopathy, Ectopic Varices, Variceal Embolization.
Undescended Testicular Seminoma Presenting as an Intra-Abdominal Mass - A Case Report
Authors: Garg Shankey , Narayan Dhruv , Agrawal Kritika , Narula Harneet , Reddy Sai Krishna
Published: March 2022

Cryptorchidism is a common congenital malformation of the male genitourinary tract. The malignant potential of cryptorchidism in undescended testes is ten percent with the risk being highest in intra-abdominally located testes. In our case report, a 25-year-old man presented with a lower abdominal mass, which was nontender and of two months duration. Physical examination of the scrotum revealed an empty left scrotum and inguinal canal. Computed tomography scan, exploratory laparotomy and histopathological examination revealed an intrabdominal testicular seminoma (germ cell tumour). The purpose of our case report is to highlight the need for routine scrotal examination in addition to routine physical examination in all men who present with an abdominal mass to rule out the possibility of an intraabdominal testicular neoplasm. Cryptorchidism is defined as the absence of one or both testes from the scrotal sac and is one of the most frequently encountered birth defects of the male genitalia.1 The prevalence amongst full-term neonates is three percent and 30 % in preterm neonates.2 There is a higher potential for malignant transformation for cryptorchid testes than normally descended testes. They also predispose to ischemia and infertility later in adulthood.3 Seminoma (germ cell tumour) is the most common malignant transformation of an undescended testis.4 A 25-year-old male complaining of a painless, slow-growing abdominal mass found to have intraabdominal testicular seminoma in an undescended testis and confirmed histopathologically, is presented in this case report. We wanted to highlight the importance of considering testicular germ cell tumours in the abdomen and the importance of performing a groin examination in a patient presenting with an abdominal lump with an empty scrotal sac.
Primary Colonic Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Bloom Syndrome
Authors: Benanzer Tessa M. , Kamboj Amrit K. , Sweetser Seth
Published: March 2022

Bloom syndrome is an inherited disorder involving a characteristic phenotype of short stature, photosensitive rash, immunodeficiency, and an early predisposition to various cancers, including lymphoma and colorectal neoplasms. We present a patient with Bloom syndrome found to have a colonic mass secondary to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma highlighting the importance of cancer screening and surveillance in these patients.
A Review of Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites for Railroad Applications
Authors: Chanes de Souza Milena , Moroz Ivan , Cesarino Ivana , Leão Alcides Lopes , Jawaid Mohammad , Titton Dias Otávio Augusto
Published: March 2022

Composite materials are abundantly present in applications related to transportation industries, mainly due to their lightweight, good mechanical performance, and viable production costs. In this sector, weight reduction represents a two-fold advantage as fuel consumption can be reduced, as well as passenger (or load) capacity can be enhanced. The use of natural fiber composites is an excellent option considering weight reduction and source renewability, already being done in many automotive and aerospace utilities, but specifically in railroad applications, their choice seems to be eclipsed by synthetic fibers, such as glass and carbon fibers. The objective of this work is to analyze the current situation on composite applications in the railroad industry, deriving a discussion that includes the aspects that hinder the use of natural fibers and also indicates the current status of greener composites even if not including natural fibers. The production costs of these natural fiberreinforced composites, when observed under a scalability scenario, associated with some specific properties of natural fibers (as flammability performance, for example) seem to be the reason for their rather infrequent consideration. Nevertheless, technology advancements related to production processes and innovative additives fabrication present an interesting prospect for future development in agreement with sustainability concerns.
Optimasi Kualitas Citra Radiografi Abdomen Berdasarkan Body Mass Index dan Tegangan Tabung pada Computed Radiography
Authors: Rosidah Siti , Soewondo Ari , Adi Mateus Sakundarno
Published: March 2022

Background: Computed Radiography is a modality of radiographic processing that has wide-exposure latitude. So that in radiographic examination with CR modality is less concerned with the accuracy of the exposure factor especially in the use of tube voltage that can affect the image quality. Image quality determines the accuracy of diagnosis of an illness. Abdominal examination is often done in the radiological installation of Hospital, with different patient conditions especially in Body Mass Index the use of tube voltages tends to vary so as to affect the quality of radiograph and received dose PatientsMethods: This type of research is analytical observational research with cross sectional research draft. Samples in research amounted to 108 distributed in each group of Body mass Index (underweight, normal, overweight) respectively 36 samples. Each body mass index group sample is taken from the use of tube voltages that are often used in RS 75 kV, 80kV, 85 kV and 90 kV respectively as much as 9. Assessments include the value of the exposure index, Noise and anatomical information. Statistical data analysis with Spearman test and univariat.Result: There is a significant connection between the use of cylinder voltage with an index exposure, noise and anatomical imageryConclusion : Optimised tube voltage for Body Mass index Under 75 kV, normal BMI 80 kV and BMI over 85 kV
Studi Keberadaan Cemaran Formalin dan Timbal (Pb) pada Tahu yang Dijual Pedagang Gorengan Tahu Petis di Sekitar Kampus Universitas Diponegoro
Authors: Restiani Dian Dwi , Sutiningsih Dwi , Hestiningsih Retno
Published: March 2022

Background: Tahu Petis is one of the street foods that are prone to Pb contamination from motor vehicle emissions and formaldehyde from tofu. Minister of Health Regulation No. 33 of 2012 prohibits formalin as a food additive and the National Agency for Drug and Food Control regulates the maximum limit of lead contamination in food which is 0.2 mg/kg. Formalin and lead are dangerous if they enter the human body because they can cause cancer and decrease intelligenceMethods: This research method used an analytic survey method with a cross-sectional approach. Data collected through interviews, observations, and laboratory examinations. The number of samples in this study was 30 fried tofu from 30 traders.Result: The results showed that 46.7% of samples were positive formalin with a range of 2.25-13.25 ppm and 40% of samples were positive Pb with a range of levels of 0.29-11.53 ppm. The knowledge factor (p=0.153), tofu processing (p=0.157), and tofu storage (p=0.464) did not have a significant relationship with the presence of formalin in the sample. Knowledge factor about Pb (p=0.049) showed a significant relationship with the presence of Pb in the sample, while the use of cooking oil (p=0.266) the distance factor of exposure (p=0.547), length of exposure (p=0.660), and presentation of Tahu Petis (p=1) did not show a significant relationship.Conclusion: Based on these results, it is recommended that there be periodic examinations guidance, and supervision of formaldehyde and Pb contamination in food.
Persepsi dan Partisipasi Wisatawan terhadap Sampah di Pantai Pasir Padi Pulau Bangka
Authors: Sari Eka , Pratiwi Fika Dewi
Published: March 2022

Background: The amount of rubbish in Pasir Padi Beach is about the assessment of public awareness, understanding of the assessment and participation of tourists visiting the beach about rubbish. Therefore, this study discusses the perception and participation of tourists related to trash cans in Pasir Padi Beach.Methods: The instrument used consisted of questionnaires with a Likert scale. The validity and reliability testing of each instrument uses the product valuation  and Cronbach's alpha method, respectively and  both were analyzed by Microsoft Excel.Result: The value of r count (1,688 – 14,099) > r table value (1,661) on the validity test, while the Cronbach’s Alpha value on the reliability test (perception = 0,888; participation = 0,937) > 0,66. The percentage who answered quite agree until agree on the instrument of perception and participation were 63% -100% and 55% -78%, respectivelyConclusion : The instrument proved to be valid and reliable so that it was good and feasible to be used in research. Related to the perception of Coastal waste as follows: the most distribution in Coastal and Coastal settlements, the largest source of food stalls, has no place to move garbage around the coast and there are no definite regulations which are the main causative factors, the main impact of waste is human health. The most important participation of the community in the action of reducing Coastal waste in Pasir Padi Beach is disposing of garbage in existing rubbish bins. All groups and levels of society have responsibility for beach cleanliness. In realizing the cleanliness of the Pangkal Pinang Coastal City, Bangka Island
Hubungan Status Merokok dengan Kejadian Ulkus Diabetikum pada Laki-Laki Penderita Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Hidayatillah Shofia Aji , Heri Nugroho , Adi Mateus Sakundarno
Published: March 2022

Background: The incidence of diabetic ulcers in Indonesia is 12% and the risk of diabetic ulcers is 55.4% .10 Cases of diabetic ulcers and gangrene in Indonesia are the most known cases in hospitals. Mortality due to ulcers and gangrene ranges from 17-23%, while the amputation rate starts at 15-30%. Diabetic ulcers are the most common complication in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study is to study the relationship of smoking with the incidence of diabetic ulcers in men with DM. The study design in this study is case control.Methods: This research was conducted in the outpatient and inpatient installation of RSUD dr. Loekmono Hadi Kudus Regency and RSI Sunan Kudus on August - September 2019. The population in this study were men with DM who received 25−80 years who had a health examination at dr. Loekmono Hadi Kudus Regency and RSI Sunan Kudus. A total of 35 cases and 35 controls were selected using consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed with chi square.Result: The results showed a significant relationship between smoking and the incidence of diabetic ulcers in men with DM (p = 0.030; 95% CI = 1,235-8,997) and physical activity (p = 0.015; 95% CI = 1,401-10,590).Conclusion: In this study, smoking and physical activity are related with the incidence of diabetic ulcers in men who are diabetic patients.
Faktor Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kebugaran Calon Jemaah Haji Kota Palembang Tahun 2019
Authors: Yusri Y , Zulkarnain M , Sitorus Rico Januar
Published: March 2022

Background: Physical fitness status of hajj pylgrime candidate in Palembang in 2018 has low and very low category. The category is still relative high and the score is 23.3 %. The research objective is to analyze the factors that influence physical fitness of hajj pylgrime candidate in Palembang City.Methods: An analitycal study was conducted with a cross sectional design on Juli - Agustus 2019. The study population is 2444 hajj pylgrims candidate of Palembang City in 2019 who have done checking physical health and physical fitness test by eight Puskesmas of Hajj Checking Health. 313 samples choosen by means of proportional random sampling. Data collection instrument was a data calecting paper that contains research variables. Tthe data taken from health checking form and physical fitness test form which is available in the puskesmas. The data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression.Result: 107 respondens ( 34,2% ) have physical fitness status is not fit. Statistical test showed that age ≥ 60 years variable (p=0,000. PR = 3,601), gender variable (p=0,024. PR=2,113), Hypertension (p=0,001. PR=2,565), waist circumstance variable (p=0,003. PR=3,173), Body Mass Indeks (BMI) variable (p=0,000. PR=3.567) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) variable (p=0,042. PR=2,360) influence the physical fitness. Age variable is the variable that has the greatest influence the physical fitness of hajj pylgrime candidates. The researcher suggests that physical activity excirse by regularly and rotine in waiting periode will increase physical fitness.Conclusion: There are relationship age, gender, Hipertension, waist circumstance, Body Mass Indeks (BMI) and Diabetes Mellitus with physical fitness status.
Association of GHR|AluI gene polymorphism with body weight parameters in Grati-PO cattle
Authors: Hartati H. , Hapsari A.A.R. , Soewandi B. D. P. , Anwar S. , Rahmadani S. P. , Aryogi A. , Pamungkas D.
Published: March 2022

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene is member of the class I cytokine receptor family that important in growth regulation including in cattle. This study aimed to analyze the association between GHR|AluI gene with body weight, parameters in Grati-PO cattle population. A total of 304 blood samples were collected from the experimental station at the Beef Cattle Research Station, which were also equipped with 304 phenotypic data. DNA was extracted using a zymo extraction kit. Detection of of the polymorphism of GHR gene using PCR-RFLP method with AluI restriction enzymes. polymorphism indicators include genotype frequency, allele frequency, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC) and number of effective alleles (Ne). Association analysis was carried out using a linear mixed model. The performance of birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 months weight were 25.4 + 0.2 kg; 113.8 + 2.3 kg; 159.9 + 2.7 kg and 213.7 + 3.6 kg, respectively. The result of association analysis was significant (P<0.05) on weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 months weight. It could be concluded that the GHR gene has potential to be a candidate genetic marker for growth traits in Grati-PO cattle.
Increasing dietary crude protein levels attenuates the effects of caecotrope deprivation in growing rabbits
Authors: Salami S. A. , Adelusi O. O. , Isah O. A. , Aderinboye R. Y. , Ajayi L. O.
Published: March 2022

The effect of caecotrope deprivation on growth, caecal metabolism and Volatile Fatty acid (VFA) production was studied in rabbits fed varying levels of dietary protein during a 42-days feeding trial. Fourty-eight mixed breed rabbits (average initial weight = 875±25 g) were divided into two groups viz; caecotrope consuming (CC) and caecotrope-deprived (CD) groups. Rabbits in the 2 groups were divided equally and assigned to 3 diets containing different crude protein (CP) levels (12, 15 and 18%) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The result revealed that increasing dietary CP improved (P<0.05) the proximate composition of the caecotrope. The live weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nitrogen utilization and VFA production in CD rabbits fed diets containing 18% CP were comparable (P<0.05) with those of CC fed diets with 15% CP. Nitrogen utilization increased (P<0.05) following increasing dietary crude protein level. Molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, and propionate were higher (P<0.05) in CC rabbit compared to CD. Lactobaccilus acidophilus was isolated from the caecum of CC rabbits. It was concluded that caecotrope deprivation has detrimental effect on growth, nitrogen metabolism, VFA production and caecal bacteria and this effect can be attenuated by increasing the dietary protein level in growing rabbits.
Przestrzeń obowiązywania aktów prawa miejscowego po nowelizacji wprowadzonej ustawą z dnia 25 czerwca 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy o samorządzie gminnym oraz niektórych innych ustaw
Authors: Sancewicz Paweł
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the spatial validity of acts of local law. Before the amendments introduced by the Acts of 25 June 2015 and 27 October 2017, the basic concept proposed by the representatives of doctrine with regard to the changes in the spatial validity of acts of local law was the concept of preserving the binding force of the acts of local law in force in a strictly defined area, i.e. local development plans. Other acts of local law were to expire. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the amendments to both the Act of 8 March 1990 on Municipal Self-Government and the Act of 5 June 1998 on District Self-Government brought about the introduction of necessary regulations that had been awaited for many years – the legal gap in this area was filled with appropriate legal provisions. The article states that the legislator decided to adopt the model, according to which, in the case of mergers or changes in the borders of municipalities, acts of local law, as a rule, do not expire. The legislator took the position that such a solution does not conflict with the wording of Article 87 Paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, according to which the sources of generally binding law of the Republic of Poland are, in the area of activity of the authorities that established them, the acts of local law. The analysis of the amended regulations has proved that these new regulations have led to a solution to problems related to the validity of local acts of law in connection with the change of the area’s affiliation to a specific local government unit. Thus, it can be assumed that the amendments discussed here may lead to an acceleration and facilitation of processes related to mergers or changes in the borders of municipalities or districts.
The Shintani double zeta functions
Authors: Kim Henry H. , Tsuzuki Masao , Wakatsuki Satoshi
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we give an explicit formula for the Shintani double zeta functions with any ramification in the most general setting of adeles over an arbitrary number field. Three applications of the explicit formula are given. First, we obtain a functional equation satisfied by the Shintani double zeta functions
in addition to Shintani’s functional equations.
Second, we establish the holomorphicity of a certain Dirichlet series generalizing a result by Ibukiyama and Saito. This Dirichlet series occurs in the study of unipotent contributions of the geometric side of the Arthur–Selberg trace formula of the symplectic group.
Third, we prove an asymptotic formula of the weighted average of the central values of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions.
Holomorphic convexity of pseudoconvex spaces in terms of the rank of structural sheaf
Authors: Vîjîitu Viorel
Published: March 2022

We prove that a pseudoconvex complex space X of pure dimension

n
+
1

{n+1}

is holomorphically convex provided that its singular set
has only compact connected components (e.g., X has isolated singularities) and

rank
x

⁡

𝒪
X

=
n

{\operatorname{rank}_{x}\mathscr{O}_{X}=n}

for all smooth points x outside a compact set of X.
This extends a known result due to Ohsawa
asserting that a weakly 1-complete, smooth complex surface is holomorphically
convex if it admits a globally defined non-constant holomorphic function.
We also revise an example of Markoe concerning non-invariance of holomorphic convexity under normalization.
Design and Analysis of a Mandrel Process to Control the Properties of Poly(p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Films
Authors: Flood J. E. , Fellers J. F.
Published: March 2022

Kinematic and rheological considerations have been used to design and analyze the processing steps for obtaining biaxial chain orientation in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) films. A semi-quantitative approach to the mandrel design allows one to predict the type and degree of molecular orientation obtained. For the case of PPTA dissolved in H2SO4, the basic steps are extrusion of the liquid crystalline solution through an annular die followed by expansion and elongational flow over a mandrel. The mandrels used include conical, hyperbolic and ogival shapes. Molecular orientation as well as mechanical properties were found to be dependent on mandrel shape and presence. Wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXS) techniques using White-Spruiell orientation factors and pole figures were used to characterize the films. Mechanical properties as well as the above techniques indicate a high degree of biaxial orientation can be obtained with a bias in certain film directions depending on the mandrel used. Tensile strength and Young's modulus values were found to be on the order of 30 000 psi and one million psi respectively. They also can be equally distributed in the film plane depending on mandrel shape. White-Spruiell orientation factors were as high as 0.49 and 0.5 for

f
1
B

 
a
n
d
 

f
2
B

$f_{1}^{B}\text{ }and\text{ }f_{2}^{B}$

respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the film superstructure as a function or processing conditions. All films exhibited a skin-core structure. Uniaxially drawn films are fibillar while the biaxial films appear to be more homogeneous.
Present and Future Trends in Polymer Blends Technology
Authors: Utracki L.A.
Published: March 2022

The plastics industry shows the highest growth rate of all industrial materials. Within this group the engineering resins (ER) are developing fastest. The review focuses on polymer alloys and blends (PAB) of ER. After the discussion of the economic aspect of PAB the patent literature is briefly reviewed and illustrated by a summary of selected, recent patents on polyphenylene ether blends. There is little doubt that the future trend in PAB technology will require control of morphology, especially in most common multiphase systems. For this reason the last part of the article summarizes the available information of criteria for rheological and thermodynamic control of morphology. The review ends with a brief description of the methods and equipment used by industry to compound and form the PAB.
Injection Molding of Reinforced Thermosets
Authors: Blanc R. , Philipon S. , Vincent M. , Agassant J. F. , Alglave H. , Müller R. , Froelich D.
Published: March 2022

The orientation of glass fibers (initial length 20 mm) and the mold filling of reinforced unsaturated polyester compounds have been studied. Observations of the fiber orientation have been made in three molds where shear and elongational flows occur in variable ways. A part of the fibers are split and broken into filaments. Reinforcement can be more or less buckled. A thin skin layer without fibers is observed. The great thickness of a core region with an orientation perpendicular to the flow direction shows the importance of negative elongational flows. Efficiency of positive elongational flows to suppress buckling and to give a well flow aligned orientation is also observed. On the contrary the efficiency of shear flows is limited compared to elongational flows. The incidence of injection conditions on the pressure inside a rectangular plaque has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experimental difficulties due to the material heterogeneity leads to measure viscosity data of the uncured material on a special capillary rheometer and rheological kinetic data on a simplified compound. Numerical results are in good agreement with experimental measurements. For instance the effect of crosslinking which leads to a pressure rise at low flow rate or high mold temperature is well predicted.
Second Moment Specification of Complex States of Polymer Chain Orientation in Fabricated Plastic Parts
Authors: White J. L. , Cakmak M.
Published: March 2022

A generalized representation of second moment orientation in polymer systems is presented. Orientation is expressed through the asymmetry of the polarizability tensor. The formulation presumes that local symmetry directions differ from macroscopic machine and transverse directions. The formulation leads to a set of biaxial orientation factors (equivalent to those of White and Spruiell) defined relative to symmetry axes I, II, III and a set of anglesϑI1,ϑII2 and ϑIII3${{\vartheta }_{I1}},{{\vartheta }_{II2}}\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ and }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }{{\vartheta }_{III3}}$representing the directions of the axes relative to the laboratory axes (1,2, 3) such as the machine (1), transverse (2) and thickness (normal) directions (3). Any two of these angles eγ,Θ11${{\Theta }_{11}}$and ΘII2are sufficient. The formulation is applied to interpret orientation developed in simple shear.
Thermal and Crystallization Behaviour of Polyphenylene Sulfide in Engineering Polymer Blends with HDPE
Authors: Nadkarni V. M. , Shingankuli V. L. , Jog J. P.
Published: March 2022

The thermal and crystallization behaviour of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) in its blends with high density polyethylene (HDPE) is reported. Three grades of HDPE ranging in MFI from 0.4 to 52 were used in the investigation. The effect of composition and molecular weight of HDPE on the crystallization process and morphology of PPS in the blends has been investigated by the technique of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).

In the blends, PPS crystallizes in presence of molten HDPE. It is observed that the morphology of PPS in terms of crystallite size and crystallite size distribution in the blends is significantly affected by blending with HDPE. The temperature onset of melting was found to increase with increasing HDPE content and the melting peak width was found to decrease with increasing HDPE content. This indicates a larger crystallite size and a narrower crystallite size distribution of PPS in blends. The effect is more pronounced in HDPE-rich compositions. The extent of the variation in the temperature onset of melting and peak width were comparable for all the grades of HDPE. The degree of crystallinity of PPS in the blends is reduced significantly (55–70%) in HDPE-rich blends. Therefore, it is concluded that the crystallization of PPS is affected by the presence of HDPE melt.

The crystallization scans of PPS in the blends, obtained in the cooling mode, did not show any evidence of accelerated nucleation. On the other hand, a marginal reduction in the temperature onset of crystallization was observed. The temperature range of crystallization of PPS in the blends was found to be less for all compositions except for 90/10 (PPS/HDPE). In summary it is concluded that blending of HDPE with PPS influences the crystal growth of PPS significantly although the effect on its homogeneous nucleation is also considerable. As a result, the morphology of PPS crystallized in blends is different from that of the homopolymer. The changes in the morphology of PPS are not sensitive to the molecular weight of HDPE probably because of the high temperature of PPS crystallization relative to the melting point of HDPE.
Effect of Aspect Ratio of Whisker on the Fibrillation of Liquid Crystalline Polymer in Polysulfone Matrix
Authors: Chen J. , Chen P. , Wu L. , Zhang J. , He J.
Published: March 2022

The influence of content and aspect ratio of whiskers, calcium carbonate and aluminum borate, on the morphology evolution of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) was investigated in polysulfone (PSF) matrix. The study showed that the deformation of LCP droplets was significantly promoted by adding whiskers into PSF/LCP blends, and the longer whisker produced a more pronounced fibrillation effect. The analysis of flow field and elasticity of system showed that the addition of longer whiskers increased the elasticity of materials more efficiently and enhanced the vortex in the converging flow area at the entry of capillary, which resulted in an increase of the elongational stress and promoted the formation of longer LCP fibrils in PSF/whisker system.
Surface Defects of TPO Injected Foam Parts for Automotive Applications
Authors: Santoni A. , Guo M.-C. , Heuzey M.-C. , Carreau P. J.
Published: March 2022

Benefits of reduced vehicle weight can have an important environmental impact since there is a 6 to 8% improvement in fuel efficiency for every 10% in weight reduction. In this work, foaming technology is used to produce injection molded TPO parts (thermoplastic olefin compounds) for the automotive industry with a minimum of 20% weight reduction while retaining a glossy surface quality. It was found by Guo et al. (2006, 2007) that the best strategy to raise the surface quality was to decrease the shot size, the cycling time and the temperature of the injected melt. However, the targeted objective of a minimum of 20% weight reduction was not achieved in these preliminary experiments. Therefore, in this work a blend of TPO and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used in order to promote TPO foamability and improve the surface quality of injected parts. Under these conditions, we managed to produce injected molded TPO samples with a 24% weight reduction and good surface quality. Moreover, we investigated the effect of PP-g-MA in the TPO system by performing rheological measurements and photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) analysis to characterize the PP-g-MA physico-chemical interactions with TPO.
Effects of sample handling on the stability of interleukin-6 in patients with breast neoplasms
Authors: Wang Yunxiu , Wang Baiye , She Lanhui , Wang Jijuan , Chen Yingting , Huang Di , Han Guang , Lu Miaolian , Wu Xiaobin , Wan Zemin , He Min , Ke Peifeng , Huang Xianzhang , Liu Hongcan
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To investigate the influence of preservation methods and processes on the plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) stability.

Methods

Lithium-heparin plasma was collected from female patients: 32 female patients with invasive breast neoplasms and 20 healthy females. Each sample was divided into three tubes. Samples were stored at different temperatures or at different times. The concentration of IL-6 was detected.

Results

IL-6 levels in patients were not altered significantly compared to the control group after storage at 4 °C or 25 °C for 12 h. However, IL-6 levels were significantly higher compared to controls (p<0.05) after storage at 25 °C for 48 h. IL-6 levels in patients with breast neoplasms were significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.05) when stored at 4 °C after 12 h. IL-6 levels in patients with breast neoplasm increased more than 10-folds compared to the control group after only 2 h storage at 25 °C.

Conclusions

Concentrations of IL-6 in breast neoplasms samples significantly change under different storage conditions. Pretreatment needs to be standardized for blood sample handling procedure. Comparison of different storage conditions of IL-6 levels may not be reliable.
Exact path integral solutions of Dirac wave equation for an exponentially decaying magnetic field
Authors: Boudiaf Nadira , Merdaci Abdeldjalil , Chetouani Lyazid
Published: March 2022

The Green’s functions related to a Dirac electron and its corresponding antiparticle, i.e., the positron submitted to an exponentially decaying magnetic field in (2 + 1) coordinate space are analytically calculated via path integral formalism. The energy spectra for both discrete and continuous phenomena, as well as the corresponding normalized eigenspinors are extracted following this approach from the known Morse potential propagator. The interesting properties of the spinors are thus deduced after symmetrization of the Green’s functions. Special cases are also considered.
Questions Raised by the Controversy Over Recovered Memories of Incest
Authors: Lief Harold I.
Published: March 2022

The controversy in the mental health community over recovered memory has been heated. The devastation to families falsely accused of incest has been profound. A fortunate consequence, however, has been the vigorous pursuit of answers to a variety of mind-behavior questions raised by the controversy. In this article I raise some of the important questions and in reply I review and summarize some of the data. Some questions deal with the nature of memory and of unconscious processes, especially the role of implicit memory; the techniques of recovered memory therapy and the evolution of pseudo-memories and its relevance to clinical practice; the effects, real and alleged, of trauma; the place of dreams, flashbacks, and repetitive patterns of behavior in the understanding of memory and behavior; and finally, questions dealing with the definition of reality. All of these are important issues for the psychoanalyst.
Adolescence and the Reorganization of Infant Development: A Neuro-Psychoanalytic Model
Authors: Stortelder Frans , Ploegmakers-Burg Marian
Published: March 2022

The psychoanalytic view of adolescence as a phase of turbulence and reorganization occupied a central position in child and adolescent psychiatry until about 1980. The view of adolescence as a silent-transition phase then prevailed and diverged from the psychoanalytic perspective. This article reviews infant and adolescent development using an interdisciplinary, neuro-psycho-analytic model in which psychoanalytic, neurobiological, and developmental perspectives converge and complement each other.
Extractive composition and bioactivity of Uncaria acida and Uncaria glabrata wood
Authors: Masendra Masendra , Purba Brandon Aristo Verick , Indrayanti Lies , Lukmandaru Ganis
Published: March 2022

Uncaria acida (red bajakah) and Uncaria glabrata (white bajakah) belong to the liana woody species. Both are naturally cultivated in Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan (Borneo) island. This study, aims to investigate the extractive composition of U. acida and U. glabrata wood considering that extracts from different lianas usually are used as anticancer drugs (breast cancer). The phenolic, alkaloid, and saponin contents were measured by colorimetric and GC-MS methods, while the antioxidant, antifungal, and cytotoxicity were investigated using DPPH, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (white-rot), and brine shrimp lethality tests, respectively. The results showed that the total tannins, phenols, and saponins in U. acida were higher compared to U. glabrata, while the total flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and antioxidant activity was lower. The GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of aromatic compounds, fatty acids, and triterpenoids in both species. High concentration of phenols, alkaloids, saponins, fatty acids, and steroids are known to provide support in terms of antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antifungal activities.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Myomectomy Outcomes Based on Myoma Weight: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Akbari Elham , Sarbazi Fereshteh , Karimi Anita , Nouri Behnaz , Noori Ardebili Shahla
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Myomas are the most common non-malignant pelvic neoplasm in women’s reproductive life. The aim of present study was to compare the outcome of large myoma Laparoscopy in Iranian reproductive-age women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 women with symptomatic uterine myoma who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy between December 2013 and October 2018. Participants were divided into two groups based on the myoma weight (<80 (n=15) and ≥80 g (n=71)). Finally, age, body mass index, number of myomas removed, duration of surgery, postoperative hospitalization, amount of blood transfusion, and hemoglobin reduction were compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean age of participants were similar in both groups (P=0.48). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding body mass index (P=0.56) and indications for laparoscopic myomectomy (P=0.46). The mean weight of myoma and duration of surgery were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001 and P<0.007, respectively). Changes in hemoglobin and days of hospitalization after surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: The length of hospital stay and blood loss in laparoscopic myomectomy did not differ significantly based on myoma weight. So, laparoscopic myomectomy could be considered a minimally invasive alternative for managing symptomatic large myoma.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibition on lipid transport in adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lauritsen Katrine M , Voigt Jens Hohwü , Pedersen Steen Bønløkke , Hansen Troels K , Møller Niels , Jessen Niels , Gormsen Lars C , Søndergaard Esben
Published: March 2022

SGLT2 inhibition induces an insulin-independent reduction in plasma glucose causing increased lipolysis and subsequent lipid oxidation by energy-consuming tissues. However, it is unknown whether SGLT2 inhibition also affects lipid storage in adipose tissue. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on lipid storage and lipolysis in adipose tissue. We performed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design of 4 weeks of empagliflozin 25 mg and placebo once-daily in 13 individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. Adipose tissue fatty acid uptake, lipolysis rate and clearance were measured by 11C-palmitate PET/CT. Adipose tissue glucose uptake was measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Protein and gene expression of pathways involved in lipid storage and lipolysis were measured in biopsies of abdominal s.c. adipose tissue. Subjects were weight stable, which allowed us to quantify the weight loss-independent effects of SGLT2 inhibition. We found that SGLT2 inhibition did not affect free fatty acids (FFA) uptake in abdominal s.c. adipose tissue but increased FFA uptake in visceral adipose tissue by 27% (P  < 0.05). In addition, SGLT2 inhibition reduced GLUT4 protein (P  = 0.03) and mRNA content (P  = 0.01) in abdominal s.c. adipose tissue but without affecting glucose uptake. In addition, SGLT2 inhibition decreased the expression of genes involved in insulin signaling in adipose tissue. We conclude that SGLT2 inhibition reduces GLUT4 gene and protein expression in abdominal s.c. adipose tissue, which could indicate a rebalancing of substrate utilization away from glucose oxidation and lipid storage capacity through reduced glycerol formation.
FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SILENCE IN THE FAIRY TALE
Authors: Rzepnikowska Iwona
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on the silence of a fairy tale hero, i. e. a deliberate withholding from speaking that is a metonymic manifestation of a symbolic death. The aim of the study was to determine the meanings of silence that are representative of this type of narration and to indicate their probable mythical and ritual connotations. Research materials included mainly Polish and Eastern Slavic tales of a sister whose silence constitutes a precondition for bringing her brothers, previously turned into birds, back into human form. The analysis showed the use of a semantic component essential to silence required to keep a secret and impossibility of revealing the truth. If a spell can be a result of a parental curse, then suspending communication becomes a form of maintaining bonds with the brothers killed by words. It can also be interpreted as a reflection of the speech behaviour of the parents, who violate the basic folk ethics of the word. The analysed narratives preserved the magical functions of silence as the assurance of the effectiveness of objects made in complete silence (in the given example — shirts made for the spellbound brothers). Nevertheless, in other variants of plot type 451, the silence of the heroine is the most significant precondition for her own existential transformation, with numerous narratives describing the multi-stage nature of the rite of passage (a marriageable girl → a married woman → a newly delivered mother → a mother). In this indirect way the fairy tale reveals the limits of female communicative behaviour in folk culture. In order to present the essence of the liminality of the given story’s heroine, the “stasis” category was used, which helped to correlate her (and any other fairy tale protagonist) basic existential experience with a temporal dimension of human existence construed as regular consecutive time passages and pauses, moments of inactivity (stasis).
Keeper, Fouls, Assists – Anglizismen in der Sprache des Fußballs, Eishockeys und Handballs
Authors: Winkler Marco
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, anglicisms seem to be indispensable in the language of sport – as in other professional languages. However, the sports considered in this study differ greatly as to their origin and the importance of teams from English-speaking regions (England regarding football, North America regarding ice hockey, whereas in handball there is no English-speaking influence). This results in linguistic differences regarding the frequency and professional relevance of anglicisms in each sport. These differences are investigated and compared taking into account morphological, semantic and sociolinguistic aspects.
„Sprachwissenschaft [...] etwas für Leute, welche die Pedanterie zur Mathematik hätten, nicht jedoch die Intelligenz. Leute, die sich ihre eigene notdürftige Logik erfänden“. Auf den Spuren des Ausdrucks von Emotionen
Authors: Wolf Monika
Published: March 2022

In order to track down the devices used in the verbal expression of emotions, it is helpful to proceed semasiologically, for example by searching for emotive expressions in authentic texts. In texts written in everyday language, emotions are frequently verbalized without designating any particular emotion. Therefore, the pertinent linguistic devices should be identified with the aid of a small corpus, because only in this way can corpus-linguistic principles of exhaustivity and context-sensitivity be fulfilled. This brings into focus syntactic devices, which have so far (for the most part) been neglected by research in the field of emotiology
Die Familie in Georg K. Glasers ‚Geheimnis und Gewalt‘ vor dem geschichtlichen Hintergrund
Authors: Knápek Pavel
Published: March 2022

The article focuses on the aspect of family in the period after the First World War as portrayed in Georg K. Glaser’s novel Secret and Violence (Geheimnis und Gewalt). The novel depicts the division of a family caused by the brutality of the father, who has returned from the war and has become completely estranged from his family. The paper finds a parallel between the plot of the novel and the political and social events that unfolded in Germany during the first half of the 20th century, which split society and thus often caused a complete alienation among people. In the novel, the Weimar Republic is presented as a battleground of progressive and radically ideological forces, whose success the study seeks to elucidate.
Con el corazón en el papel. Historia y teoría de las cartas de amor
Authors: Rovira Gordillo Maria
Published: March 2022

Jiménez Sureda, M. (2020). Amb el cor al paper. Història i teoria de les cartes d’amor (1.ª edición). Bellaterra: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 525 pp. ISBN 978-84-490-9322-7.