bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease prediction via Bayesian hyperparameter optimization and ensemble learning
Authors: Gao Liyuan , Ding Yongmei
Published: April 2020

Objective

Early disease screening and diagnosis are important for improving patient survival. Thus, identifying early predictive features of disease is necessary. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of different Machine Learning (ML) systems and reports the standard deviation of the results obtained through sampling with replacement. The research emphasises on: (a) to analyze and compare ML strategies used to predict Breast Cancer (BC) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and (b) to use feature importance ranking to identify early high-risk features.

Results

The Bayesian hyperparameter optimization method was more stable than the grid search and random search methods. In a BC diagnosis dataset, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model had an accuracy of 94.74% and a sensitivity of 93.69%. The mean value of the cell nucleus in the Fine Needle Puncture (FNA) digital image of breast lump was identified as the most important predictive feature for BC. In a CVD dataset, the XGBoost model had an accuracy of 73.50% and a sensitivity of 69.54%. Systolic blood pressure was identified as the most important feature for CVD prediction.
Single-site, five-year experience with human eosinophil isolation by density gradient centrifugation and CD16 immunomagnetic negative separation
Authors: Cao Yun , Shin Sooncheon , Carroll Daniela J. , O’Sullivan Jeremy A. , Bochner Bruce S.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Little has been reported regarding the reliability of methods for the purification of human blood eosinophils. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with 350 consecutive eosinophil isolations.

Results

Between January 2014 and December 2018, we conducted 350 eosinophil purifications from 83 donors. Absolute eosinophil count (AEC), calculated from hospital complete blood counts when available (n = 289), ranged from 32 to 1352 eosinophils/µL ($$\bar{x} \pm {\text{SD}}$$x¯±SD: 179 ± 136/µL). Eosinophil yields ranged from 0.4 to 24.4 million cells per 20 mL of blood drawn ($$\bar{x} \pm {\text{SD}}$$x¯±SD: 3.1 ± 1.9 million eosinophils) with > 98% purity. Comparing AEC to actual yield, recovery was 87% ± 29% ($$\bar{x} \pm {\text{SD}}$$x¯±SD) and AEC strongly correlated with yield. To explore the reproducibility of yield, a subsequent analysis was limited to those donors drawn ≥ 3 times (N = 35), and there was no difference in the average coefficient of variation for yield between allergic and non-allergic donors. Viability of isolated eosinophils was consistently > 95% and after 24 h of culture did not differ between allergic and non-allergic donors. We conclude that this immunomagnetic separation method for human eosinophil isolation from whole blood is a reliable, reproducible technique for obtaining an average of 87% yield with high purity and viability.
The relationship of autistic traits to taste and olfactory processing in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kinnaird Emma , Stewart Catherine , Tchanturia Kate
Published: April 2020

Background

There is a heightened prevalence of autism in anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to the general population. Autistic people with AN experience a longer illness duration and poorer treatment outcomes. Whether sensory differences in autism could contribute to altered taste and smell as a potential maintaining factor in AN is under-explored. The aim of this study was to explore whether autistic traits are associated with taste and olfaction differences in AN.

Methods

The study recruited n = 40 people with AN, and n = 40 healthy controls (HC). Smell sensitivity was measured using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. Taste sensitivity was measured using taste strips. Participants self-rated their autistic traits using the Autism Spectrum Quotient.

Results

There were no significant differences on taste and olfactory outcomes between people with AN and HC. These findings did not change after controlling for the heightened levels of autistic traits in the AN group. No relationship between taste and smell outcomes and autistic traits were identified within the AN group.

Limitations

The current study is not able to draw conclusions about taste and smell processing in co-occurring autism and AN as it only measured levels of autistic traits, rather than comparing people with and without an autism diagnosis.

Conclusions

No significant associations between autistic traits and taste and smell processing in AN were identified. Future research should consider further exploring this area, including by comparing autistic women to women with AN.
Space mapping-based receding horizon control for stochastic interacting particle systems: dogs herding sheep
Authors: Totzeck Claudia , Pinnau René
Published: April 2020

Control of stochastic interacting particle systems is a non-trivial task due to the high dimensionality of the problem and the lack of fast algorithms. Here, we propose a space mapping-based approximation of the stochastic control problem by solutions of the deterministic one. In combination with the receding horizon control technique this yields a reliable and fast numerical scheme for the closed loop control of stochastic interacting particle systems. As a numerical example we consider the herding of sheep with dogs. The numerical results underline the feasibility of our approach and further show stabilizing behaviour of the closed loop control.
Scoring pleurisy in slaughtered pigs using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Trachtman Abigail R. , Bergamini Luca , Palazzi Andrea , Porrello Angelo , Capobianco Dondona Andrea , Del Negro Ercole , Paolini Andrea , Vignola Giorgio , Calderara Simone , Marruchella Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Diseases of the respiratory system are known to negatively impact the profitability of the pig industry, worldwide. Considering the relatively short lifespan of pigs, lesions can be still evident at slaughter, where they can be usefully recorded and scored. Therefore, the slaughterhouse represents a key check-point to assess the health status of pigs, providing unique and valuable feedback to the farm, as well as an important source of data for epidemiological studies. Although relevant, scoring lesions in slaughtered pigs represents a very time-consuming and costly activity, thus making difficult their systematic recording. The present study has been carried out to train a convolutional neural network-based system to automatically score pleurisy in slaughtered pigs. The automation of such a process would be extremely helpful to enable a systematic examination of all slaughtered livestock. Overall, our data indicate that the proposed system is well able to differentiate half carcasses affected with pleurisy from healthy ones, with an overall accuracy of 85.5%. The system was better able to recognize severely affected half carcasses as compared with those showing less severe lesions. The training of convolutional neural networks to identify and score pneumonia, on the one hand, and the achievement of trials in large capacity slaughterhouses, on the other, represent the natural pursuance of the present study. As a result, convolutional neural network-based technologies could provide a fast and cheap tool to systematically record lesions in slaughtered pigs, thus supplying an enormous amount of useful data to all stakeholders in the pig industry.
A patient with colitis-associated cancer who developed clinically manifest Crohn’s disease only after surgery
Authors: Shimizu Yoshio , Takaku Hideya , Paku Sugiru , Azuma Kazuaki , Suzuki Toshishige , Kashimura Hiroshi , Ohtani Haruo , Ohkochi Nobuhiro
Published: April 2020

Background

Patients with prolonged inflammatory bowel disease have a greater risk of colorectal cancer, known as colitis-associated cancer. Here we describe an unusual case of colitis-associated cancer.

Case presentation

The subject is a 41-year-old male who has not presented digestive symptoms and has an appreciable medical history. He consulted a nearby doctor with left flank pain. A colonoscopy revealed a lateral spreading tumor (granular-type) in his descending colon. With a clinical diagnosis of cancer, D3 left hemicolectomy was performed and a small intestine stoma was constructed. The pathological diagnosis of the tumor was mucinous adenocarcinoma, pT4a(SE), pN2a, which was associated with dysplasia in the surface area. Post-operative ileus was prolonged and the endoscopic examination revealed longitudinal ulcers in the ileum. These ulcers responded quite well to the administration of infliximab, confirming the final diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. Pathological re-examination revealed that the tumor was dysplasia-associated type, and another dysplasia was confirmed near the tumor. Furthermore, mural scars and sporadic lymphoid aggregates were noted in the colon tissues, which suggested pre-existing Crohn’s disease. The patient died of peritoneal dissemination of cancer on day 207 after surgery.

Conclusion

The present case was diagnosed as colitis-associated cancer with clinically latent Crohn’s disease, who developed clinically manifest Crohn’s disease only after surgery. Our review of literature revealed no cases comparable to ours.
Flash floods mitigation and assessment of groundwater possibilities using remote sensing and GIS applications: Sharm El Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Yousif Mohamed , Hussien Hussien M.
Published: April 2020

Background

In arid and hyper arid regions, flash floods directly affect human life and ecosystem balance through soil erosion and sediment exchange between different watersheds. The present study provides an integrated approach using remote sensing and geophysical data, multiple thematic layers, and field investigations to mitigate the flash flood hazard and explore the groundwater potentiality in Sharm El Sheikh area, Egypt, where devastating flash flood hazards and shortage in water supply are critical problems against the development of the touristic city.

Results

A new flood hazard index (FHI) is introduced using the morphometric parameters and multiple thematic layers for the investigated hydrographic basins. The FHI ranges between 55.2 (low) and 73 (very high). The resulted surface runoff from a single event (59 mm/day) reached up to 7.96 mm while the total runoff volume reached up to 20.23 (106) m3 representing about 13.5 % of the total rainfall. Hydrogeologically, the Miocene sediments represent the main aquifer, which is cut by four recognized faults providing opportunities for enhanced groundwater recharge. The integrated geophysical datasets (aeromagnetic and vertical electrical sounding) and borehole data indicate that the subsurface sedimentary succession reaches up to 200 m of Quaternary and Miocene sediments.

Conclusions

The present study introduces a comprehensive system to mitigate floods and increase the opportunity of groundwater recharge that could protect and enhance the environment under arid conditions. The presented approach can be applied in any arid and hyper arid regions with the same conditions.

Graphical abstract
Sustainable management approach for sucking pests control in betel leaf of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Motaher , Singha Ashutus , Jiku Md. Abu Sayem , Sarker Debasish , Sarkar Akhtaruzzaman , Alam Ashraful , Sinha Shata Rupa
Published: April 2020

Background

Betel leaf is the oldest and now highly paid farmer’s crop, but the most vulnerable to insect pests, leading to massive yield drops in Bangladesh. For this reason, the experiment was carried out at the Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh, during the period of January 2018 to December 2018 and to assess the effectiveness of the different bio-rational approach against the betel leaf sucking pests. In this study, BARI Paan-3 was used as a test crop. Studies were important that sucking insect pests to include red mite population (black fly, white fly, red mite and mealy bug) has been found actively around the year in Bangladesh.

Results

Studies have shown that sucking insect population (black fly, white fly, red mite and mealy bug) has been found actively year round, whereas the maximum (22.7, 17.2, 16.1, and 14 adult/vine) and minimum (3.2, 2.8, 2.6, and 1.5 adult/vine) were recorded during the month of October and January, respectively. The results explored that the significant variations and the R2 value suggested that biotic factor contributes 57.9, 50.9, 51.3, and 53.7% variations in black fly, white fly, red spider mite, and mealy bug population. Among approaches, the highest mortality rate (80.56, 84.73, 82.44, and 90.96%) of black fly, white fly, red mite, and mealy bug over untreated control with maximum vine yield (18.61 t/ha) is recorded from sanitation + three alternate spraying of fizimite and antario.

Conclusions

It had concluded that sanitation of betel leaf garden along with three alternate spraying of fizimite (sodium lauryl ether) at 1 ml/l and antario WP (Bt + abamectin 0.1%) at 0.5 g/l recommended for an effective management of the betel vine sucking pest complex.
Computer-aided molecular modeling studies of some 2, 3-dihydro-[1, 4] dioxino [2, 3-f] quinazoline derivatives as EGFRWT inhibitors
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Tukur , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Uba Sani
Published: April 2020

Background

Quinazoline are known to possess different biological activities which among is anti-cancer most especially NSCLC. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family, which is known to be one of the most important therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer most especially NSCLC.

Results

QSAR modeling was performed to develop a model with high predictive power on some non-small cell lung cancer agents (NSCLC) (EGFRWT inhibitors). The EGFRWT inhibitors were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) method utilizing B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Genetic function algorithm (GFA) was used to build five models. Out of these five models, the studied one was selected and reported because of its fitness statistically with the following validation parameters: R2trng = 0.9459, R2adj = 0.9311, Q2cv = 0.8947, R2test = 0.7008, and LOF = 0.1195. The selected model was further subjected to other validation test such as VIF and Y-scrambling test applicability domain and found to be statistically significant. The kind of interactions between five most active EGFRWT inhibitors and EGFRWT enzyme were explored via molecular docking. Molecule 4 was ranked top in comparison to other ligands because it has the highest docking score of − 8.3 kcal/mol. The pharmacokinetics studies indicated that these molecules have good absorption, low toxicity level, and permeability properties because none of them violate the Lipinski’s rule of five.

Conclusion

A model with a very high predictive power on some EGFRWT inhibitors was developed using QSAR model. The model was validated and found to have good internal and external assessment parameters: R2 of 0.9459, R2adj of 0.9311, Qcv2 of 0.8947, R2test of 0.7008, and LOF of 0.1195. The nature of interaction of these molecules with their target protein was explored via molecular docking and found molecule 4 to have the highest docking score of − 8.3 kcal/mol among co-ligands. Pharmacokinetics studies revealed that these molecules have good absorption, low toxicity level, and permeability properties. These findings proposed a way for designing potent EGFRWT inhibitors against their target enzyme.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Nivolumab Versus Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for Recurrent or Persistent Ovarian Cancer: An NRG Oncology Study
Authors: Zamarin Dmitriy , Burger Robert A. , Sill Michael W. , Powell Daniel J. , Lankes Heather A. , Feldman Michael D. , Zivanovic Oliver , Gunderson Camille , Ko Emily , Mathews Cara , Sharma Sudarshan , Hagemann Andrea R. , Khleif Samir , Aghajanian Carol
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE

Single-agent PD-1 blockade exhibits limited efficacy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We evaluated ipilimumab plus nivolumab compared with nivolumab alone in women with persistent or recurrent EOC.

METHODS

Eligibility criteria included measurable disease, 1-3 prior regimens, and platinum-free interval (PFI) < 12 months. Participants were randomly allocated to intravenous nivolumab (every 2 weeks) or induction with nivolumab plus ipilimumab for 4 doses (every 3 weeks), followed by every-2-week maintenance nivolumab for a maximum of 42 doses. The primary null hypothesis was equal probability of objective response within 6 months of random allocation in each arm.

RESULTS

One hundred patients were allocated to receive either nivolumab (n = 49), or nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n = 51), with PFI of < 6 months in 62%. Six (12.2%) responses occurred within 6 months in the nivolumab group and 16 (31.4%) in the nivolumab plus ipilimumab group (odds ratio, 3.28; 85% CI, 1.54 to infinity; P = .034). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2 and 3.9 months in the nivolumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab groups, respectively, with a PFI-stratified hazard ratio of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.82); the respective hazard ratio for death was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.42). Grade ≥ 3 related adverse events occurred in 33% of patients in the nivolumab group and 49% in the combination group, with no treatment-related deaths. PD-L1 expression was not significantly associated with response in either treatment group.

CONCLUSION

Compared with nivolumab alone, the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab in EOC resulted in superior response rate and longer, albeit limited, PFS, with toxicity of the combination regimen comparable to prior reports. Additional combination studies to enhance durability of the dual regimen are warranted.
Diabetes Mellitus Itself Increases Cardio-Cerebrovascular Risk and Renal Complications in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Saiki Aya , Otsuki Michio , Tamada Daisuke , Kitamura Tetsuhiro , Shimomura Iichiro , Kurihara Isao , Ichijo Takamasa , Takeda Yoshiyu , Katabami Takuyuki , Tsuiki Mika , Wada Norio , Yanase Toshihiko , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Kawashima Junji , Sone Masakatsu , Inagaki Nobuya , Yoshimoto Takanobu , Okamoto Ryuji , Takahashi Katsutoshi , Kobayashi Hiroki , Tamura Kouichi , Kamemura Kohei , Yamamoto Koichi , Izawa Shoichiro , Kakutani Miki , Yamada Masanobu , Tanabe Akiyo , Naruse Mitsuhide
Published: April 2020

Context

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) is higher than in those with essential hypertension and the general population. Although DM is a common major risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular (CCV) diseases and renal complications, details of its effects in PA have not been demonstrated.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of coexistent DM on the risk of CCV events and progression of renal complications in PA patients.

Design

A multi-institutional, cross-sectional study was conducted.

Patients and Methods

PA patients experienced between January 2006 and October 2016 and with available data of CCV events and DM were enrolled from the Japan PA registry of the Japan Primary Aldosteronism Study/Japan Rare Intractable Adrenal Diseases Study (n = 2524). CCV events and renal complications were compared between a DM group and a non-DM group by logistic and liner-regression analysis.

Results

DM significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of CCV events (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.05-2.41) and that of proteinuria (OR 2.25, 95% CI: 1.59-3.16). DM correlated significantly with declines in estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = .05, P = .02).

Conclusions

This the first report to demonstrate the presence of DM as an independent risk factor for CCV events and renal complications, even in PA patients. Management of DM should be considered in addition to the specific treatment of PA.
Optimizing for Distributional Goals in School Choice Problems
Authors: Bodoh-Creed Aaron L.
Published: April 2020

I investigate three goals of school choice: welfare, encouraging neighborhood schools, and diversity. I use optimization problems to find the best stable and incentive compatible match for any combination of these objectives. These problems assume there is a continuum of students and school seats, which allows me to describe the incentive compatibility conditions in a tractable form. I prove that the set of stable matchings is generically continuous in the distribution of students and the school capacities, which implies that the characterization of the possible stable matches in the continuum model approximates the set of stable matches in a matching market with a large, but finite, number of students. I then apply my framework to data from Boston Public Schools. If the mechanism conditions on demographics, the improvement (relative to the status quo) in student welfare is equivalent to moving 291 students (out of 3,479) to schools one rank higher in their preference lists. In contrast, if the mechanism does not condition on demographics, the welfare improvement is equivalent to moving only 25.1 students to schools one rank higher. Improvements in the distributional goals can be made (e.g., increasing enrollment in neighborhood schools by 50%) without reducing welfare or diversity.

This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
The impact of the novel coronavirus on trauma and orthopaedics in the UK
Authors: Morgan Catrin , Ahluwalia Aashish K , Aframian Arash , Li Lily , Sun Stephen Ng Man
Published: April 2020

At first glance, the novel coronavirus pandemic and orthopaedic surgery appear separate entities. Orthopaedic surgeons are not generally considered front-line staff in terms of the treatment of the disease that the novel coronavirus causes compared with anaesthetic and medical colleagues. However, the impact that the novel coronavirus is likely to have on the musculoskeletal injury burden and the morbidity associated with chronic musculoskeletal disease is significant. This article summarises the strategies currently being developed for the remodelling of orthopaedic services in the UK and the emergency British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedic guidelines released on 24 March 2020 in managing urgent orthopaedic patients during the novel coronavirus pandemic.
Lateral forces on particles induced by magnetic spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Fu Yanan , Zhang Yuquan , Min Changjun , Fu Kongwen , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: April 2020

Optical forces in optical tweezers enable non-contact, non-destructive trapping and manipulation of particles. One such force has been found to originate from the spin-orbit coupling of light, which produces a counter-intuitive lateral optical force on metal nanoparticles due to the spin of the electric-field components of light. Here we reveal that the spin-orbit coupling of the magnetic-field components of light also produces a lateral optical force on particles. To study this lateral force, we designed a gapped structure composed of a dielectric particle near photonic crystal surface, and found that the lateral force originates from the spin-dependent excitation of a Bloch surface wave. We further demonstrate that the lateral force can be modified by tuning the structural parameters of the gapped structure and by exploiting the magnetic resonance modes of the particle. This work should contribute to a deeper understanding of the magnetic spin-orbit coupling between light and matter and promote the development of particle manipulation on dielectric platforms.
Signal advance and delay due to an optical phase-sensitive amplifier
Authors: Brewer Nicholas R. , Li Tian , Jones Kevin M. , Lett Paul D.
Published: April 2020

Fast and slow light media exploit a steep frequency dependence in their index of refraction in order to advance or delay a modulated signal. Here we observe a qualitatively similar advance and delay from an optical phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA). Unlike in the case of slow and fast light, this effect is due to a redistribution of power between imbalanced signal sidebands, and the advance or delay is dependent on the optical phase of the input. The PSA adds energy and also changes the frequency spectrum of the input. We show that the advances and delays observed in a PSA implemented using four-wave mixing in a warm rubidium vapor are consistent with the expected behavior of an ideal PSA.
A Prevalence Study of Intestinal Parastic Infections in Patient Attend to Elajcentre
Authors: Mohammed Wahaj M , Garbi Mohammed Ismail
Published: April 2020

Among 500 persons referred to laboratories for performing stool examinations samples (51.43%) were male and (48.57%) were female, all this personshad Abdominal pain and Diarrhea and 39% had a blood in their stool Among these numbers, 298 (59.6%) were positive for parasitic infections 90 (30.2%) Giardia lamblia and 208 (69.8%) Entamoeba histolytica .Also the higher infection rates were recorded in the age 10-19 the infection was (42 % Based on the reliable answers obtained from the interviewed patients or guardians using the pre-formatted questionnaires.The prevalence of intestinal protozoan according to drinking water materials the Plastic and brass have higher infection rate with (50.3%) and (30.2%).
M-Current Inhibition in Hippocampal Excitatory Neurons Triggers Intrinsic and Synaptic Homeostatic Responses at Different Temporal Scales
Authors: Lezmy Jonathan , Gelman Hana , Katsenelson Maxim , Styr Boaz , Tikochinsky Eliav , Lipinsky Maya , Peretz Asher , Slutsky Inna , Attali Bernard
Published: April 2020

Persistent alterations in neuronal activity elicit homeostatic plastic changes in synaptic transmission and/or intrinsic excitability. However, it is unknown whether these homeostatic processes operate in concert or at different temporal scales to maintain network activity around a set-point value. Here we show that chronic neuronal hyperactivity, induced by M-channel inhibition, triggered intrinsic and synaptic homeostatic plasticity at different timescales in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons from mice of either sex. Homeostatic changes of intrinsic excitability occurred at a fast timescale (1–4 h) and depended on ongoing spiking activity. This fast intrinsic adaptation included plastic changes in the threshold current and a distal relocation of FGF14, a protein physically bridging Nav1.6 and Kv7.2 channels along the axon initial segment. In contrast, synaptic adaptations occurred at a slower timescale (∼2 d) and involved decreases in miniature EPSC amplitude. To examine how these temporally distinct homeostatic responses influenced hippocampal network activity, we quantified the rate of spontaneous spiking measured by multielectrode arrays at extended timescales. M-Channel blockade triggered slow homeostatic renormalization of the mean firing rate (MFR), concomitantly accompanied by a slow synaptic adaptation. Thus, the fast intrinsic adaptation of excitatory neurons is not sufficient to account for the homeostatic normalization of the MFR. In striking contrast, homeostatic adaptations of intrinsic excitability and spontaneous MFR failed in hippocampal GABAergic inhibitory neurons, which remained hyperexcitable following chronic M-channel blockage. Our results indicate that a single perturbation such as M-channel inhibition triggers multiple homeostatic mechanisms that operate at different timescales to maintain network mean firing rate.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPersistent alterations in synaptic input elicit homeostatic plastic changes in neuronal activity. Here we show that chronic neuronal hyperexcitability, induced by M-type potassium channel inhibition, triggered intrinsic and synaptic homeostatic plasticity at different timescales in hippocampal excitatory neurons. The data indicate that the fast adaptation of intrinsic excitability depends on ongoing spiking activity but is not sufficient to provide homeostasis of the mean firing rate. Our results show that a single perturbation such as M-channel inhibition can trigger multiple homeostatic processes that operate at different timescales to maintain network mean firing rate.
Aspek Estetis dalam Cerita Pendek “Inu to Hito to Hana” Karya Ogawa Mimei
Authors: Priventa Hendrike
Published: April 2020

The short story "Inu to Hito to Hana" by Ogawa Mimei is a simple story that is full of elements of ethics and aesthetics. The purpose of this study is to describe the aesthetic aspects of the short story "Inu to Hito to Hana". The method used is literature study using an aesthetic identity approach. The results of this study can be seen from aesthetic aspects, namely 1) language style, 2) symbols, 3) imagination process, and 4) philosophical values.

Keywords : Aesthetic aspects, aesthetic identity, ethics, Japanese short story
Penal Mediation as Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Criminal Law Reform in Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeni Anggita
Published: April 2020

In the minor crime, the solving of cases process through formal process in the court is the prosess that is taking much cost and long time it aint suitable with detriments of the crime impact, these all are contrary with the principal fast, simple and unexpensive judicature. Writing this thesis aims to know the legal certainty of implementing Penal Mediation as an Alternative Dispute Resolution and prospects of applying Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System. The approach used in this research is a qualitative research approach that produces descriptive data in the form of people's written or oral words and observable behavior. The type of research that will be used in this research is doctrinal research. Penal mediation is an alternative form of resolving disputes outside the court (commonly known as ADR or "Alternative Dispute Resolution" and some call it "Apropriate Dispute Resolution"). Penal mediation for the first time is known in positive legal terminology in Indonesia since the issuance of KAPOLRI No. Pol: B / 3022 / XII / 2009 / SDEOPS dated December 14, 2009 concerning Handling Cases through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), even though they are partial. In essence, the principles of mediation of the penalties referred to in this KAPOLRI letter emphasize that the settlement of criminal cases using ADR, must be agreed by the parties that litigate, but if there is no new agreement resolved in accordance with applicable legal procedures in a professional and proportional manner.
Analysis of the Corruption Charge of the Rice Management at Gudang Bulog Baru Randugarut, Semarang Regional Subdivisions by 2016-2017 (Case Study of Convict Nurul Huda)
Authors: Irawan Irawan , Susanto Joko
Published: April 2020

Law enforcement is to realize a sense of justice, legal certainty and usefulness in society. For justice seekers, police and prosecutors 'investigations, as well as quality public prosecutors and judges' decisions can bring about justice or reflect a sense of justice that can be carried out and can be accepted or satisfied by justice seekers. So through this case study, the writer will invite to see whether there is still a sense of justice, as experienced by convicted corruption cases of Rice Management in the New Bulog Warehouse Randugarut Subdivre Semarang in 2016-2017 named Nurul Huda Bin Sholeh. Even though it was clearly stipulated according to Article 55, Nurul Huda could be classified as included in the offense. But the prosecutor actually demanded Nurul Huda as the sole offender. Whereas Nurul Huda should have the right to obtain the protection of his rights, his equality in the eyes of the law and proportionality in his interests, so that if the burden of accountability for losses in the corruption of GBB Ranndugarut is only charged to him, it will certainly damage the value of justice received.
Bayes Theorem and Forward Chaining Method On Expert System for Determine Hypercholesterolemia Drugs
Authors: Perbawawati Anna Adi , Sugiharti Endang , Muslim Much Aziz
Published: April 2020

The development of technology capable to imitating the process of human thinking  and led to a new branch of computer science named the expert system. One of the problem that can be solved by an expert system is selecting hypercholesterolemia drugs.  Drug selection starts from find the symptoms and then determine the best drug for the patient. This is consist with the mechanism of forward chaining which starts from searching for information about the symptoms, and then try to illustrate the conclusions. To accommodate the missing fact, expert systems can be complemented with the Bayes theorem that provides a simple rule for calculating the conditional probability so the accuracy of the method approaches the accuracy of the experts. This reseacrh uses 30 training data and 76 testing data of medical record that use hypercholesterolemia drugs from Tugurejo Hospital of Semarang. The variable are common symptoms and some hypercholesterolemia drugs. This research obtained a selection of hypercholesterolemia drugs system with 96.05% accuracy
Digital Evidence Identification on Google Drive in Android Device Using NIST Mobile Forensic Method
Authors: Yudhana Anton , Umar Rusydi , Ahmadi Ahwan
Published: April 2020

The use of cloud storage media is very popular nowadays, especially with the Google Drive cloud storage media on smartphones. The increasing number of users of google drive storage media does not rule out the possibility of being used as a medium for storing illegal data, such as places to store negative content and so on. On a smartphone with an Android operating system that has a Google Drive application installed, digital evidence can be extracted by acquiring and analyzing the system files. This study implemented a mobile forensic method based on guidelines issued by the National Institute of Standards of Technology (NIST). The results of this study are presented in the form of data recovery in the deleted Google Drive storage media, which results in the form of headers of the data type in the form of deleting account names, deleted file types, and timestamp of deleted files. Digital evidence obtained with 59 Axiom Magnet software found in the Entry227 file, with 46 files, if the percentage is a success rate of 77%.
INTESTINE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM USING CERTAINTY FACTOR METHOD
Authors: Kirana Chandra - , Pradana Harrizki Arie , Sulaiman Rahmat -
Published: April 2020

Inside the human body there are many important organs, one of which is the intestine. Intestinal disease / digestive disease is a disease that most often attacks the digestive tract in humans. There are several intestinal diseases that are dangerous and there are also harmless intestinal diseases. In this research, researchers created an android-based expert system application that can provide information to the users about diseases that are being suffered through the symptoms experienced by the user. The process of making expert system applications using the certainty factor algorithm. The certainty factor algorithm is used to accommodate the uncertainty of an expert's. The mechanism that be used in the certainty factor algorithm on each symptom uses a measure of increased belief (MB) and measure of increased disbelief (MD). Expert system applications that have been built to detect intestinal diseases based on Android have been successfully implemented with a presentation of accuracy of 99.7265625%. by that percentage, it show us that the diagnosis of symptoms of the selected disease is in suitable by the experienced of user, and has the accuracy determined by the system
Peptide hormone analysis in diagnosis and treatment of Differences of Sex Development: joint position paper of EU COST Action ‘DSDnet’ and European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions
Authors: Johannsen T H , Andersson A-M , Ahmed S F , de Rijke Y B , Greaves R F , Hartmann M F , Hiort O , Holterhus P-M , Krone N P , Kulle A , Ljubicic M L , Mastorakos G , McNeilly J , Pereira A M , Saba A , Wudy S A , Main K M , Juul A , _ _
Published: April 2020

Differences of Sex Development (DSD) comprise a variety of congenital conditions characterized by atypical chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. Diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of patients suspected of DSD conditions include clinical examination, measurement of peptide and steroid hormones, and genetic analysis. This position paper on peptide hormone analyses in the diagnosis and control of patients with DSD was jointly prepared by specialists in the field of DSD and/or peptide hormone analysis from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action DSDnet (BM1303) and the European Reference Network on rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN). The goal of this position paper on peptide hormone analysis was to establish laboratory guidelines that may contribute to improve optimal diagnosis and treatment control of DSD. The essential peptide hormones used in the management of patients with DSD conditions are follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and Inhibin B. In this context, the following position statements have been proposed: serum and plasma are the preferred matrices; the peptide hormones can all be measured by immunoassay, while use of LC-MS/MS technology has yet to be implemented in a diagnostic setting; sex- and age-related reference values are mandatory in the evaluation of these hormones; and except for Inhibin B, external quality assurance programs are widely available.
Gestão de Cadeias de Suprimentos Humanitárias: Perspectivas Teóricas e Direcionamentos Futuros
Authors: Silva Glessia
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir como se encontra o estado da arte em gestão de cadeias de suprimentos humanitárias e os direcionamentos futuros desse campo. O estado da arte em gestão de cadeias de suprimentos humanitárias está pautado em estudos voltados ao relacionamento nas cadeias, papel dos stakeholders, gerenciamento da cadeia e logística humanitária. Como direcionamentos futuros, observa-se uma tendência na compreensão do conceito de desastre como particular a cada localidade, o papel da mídia na mobilização de recursos, maior ênfase no papel dos stakeholders na efetividade dessas cadeias e a influência dessas cadeias na gestão de cadeias de suprimentos comerciais. Como contribuições são sugeridas oportunidades de pesquisa no campo de gestão de cadeias de suprimentos humanitárias. Espera-se que este estudo sirva de ponto de partida para outros estudos e estimule o pensamento crítico acerca desse emergente campo de estudo.
Problems and prospects of development of the Russian oil and gas complex at the present stage
Authors: Pleshkova Yulia , Petrova Sofya , Karpovich Yulia
Published: April 2020

The article presents the challenges and threats of the Russian oil and gas complex against the background of global trends.

The author asks the question of the analysis of the Main threat to the Russian export of oil and petroleum products to Europe, which comes from suppliers from the United States and the General aggravation of competition in the crude oil market due to the likely decline in demand due to the slowdown in the economies of the EU and Turkey.

At the present stage, the author comes to the conclusion that the progressive enterprises of the oil and gas sector are those that implement projects in the field of rapid creation and introduction of new technologies in the production chain. As a result, companies that are technologically and financially lagging behind face serious problems that harm their reputation, and even more so their viability in the market. It should be added that the development of Russian oil and gas industry enterprises is hampered by various sanctions imposed on the economy of the state.

In the course of the study, the author concludes that the development of the oil and gas sector is due to many external and internal factors, the instability of which leads to a collision of this business with large-scale development problems, which subsequently have an undeniable impact on the economy of oil-producing countries as a whole. However, the oil and gas sector also has development prospects, which are mainly related to the improvement of technologies, an increase in the share of exports, pricing policy and the absence of sanctions.
The possibilities of artificial intelligence in the management of human resources in a free enterprise
Authors: Panteleeva Tatiana , Arustamov Eduard , Maksaev Artur
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the impact of artificial intelligence in human resource management in a market economy. The aim of the article is to study the main modern trends in the development and transformation of human resource management systems under the influence of artificial intelligence. It has been established that the use of artificial intelligence (AI) carries both advantages and threats, which requires the modern economic paradigm of being ready for the challenges of digitalization, the possibility of a quick transition to realizing the use of human creative abilities and creating the conditions for a qualitative transformation of the educational sector and labor market. In addition, the use of AI will allow to achieve positive results if clear tasks are formulated before him, and, conversely, it turns out to be unable to fulfill its goals in conditions of uncertainty.
Prognostic Value of DNA Damage Response Genomic Alterations in Relapsed/Advanced Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Yin Ming , Grivas Petros , Wang Qi-En , Mortazavi Amir , Emamekhoo Hamid , Holder Sheldon L. , Drabick Joseph J. , Woo Michele Sue-Ann , Pal Sumanta , Vasekar Monali , Folefac Edmund , Clinton Steven K. , Monk Paul , Joshi Monika
Published: April 2020

Background

DNA damage response (DDR) genomic alterations may play an important role in clinical outcomes of patients with urothelial cancer (UC). However, data on the prognostic role of DDR gene alterations in patients with advanced UC remain unclear.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively collected data of three independent patient cohorts with relapsed or advanced UC including 81 and 91 patients from four institutions who underwent FoundationOne genomic sequencing as well as 129 patients selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cohort. Fisher's exact test was used to determine differences of mutation frequency among the three cohorts. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Overall survival (OS) was measured from time of initial diagnosis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI.

Results

DDR genomic alterations were present in 76.5% (62/81), 40.7% (37/91), and 51.2% (66/129) of the three cohorts. ATM alterations consistently correlated with significantly shorter OS, whereas other DDR alterations (excluding ATM) were associated with better prognosis. In 152 patients treated with platinum pooled from the three cohorts, the prognostic value of alterations in ATM as compared with other predefined DDR genes was substantially different (ATM: adjusted HR [HR], 2.03; 95% CI, 1.03–4; p = .04; other DDR: adjusted HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31–0.8; p = .003).

Conclusions

Genomic alterations in ATM and other DDR genes may have opposite prognostic value in relapsed and/or advanced UC. ATM may have a complex role in UC progression.

Implications for Practice

Somatic mutations of DNA damage response (DDR) genes are frequently found in urothelial cancer and appear to play an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, treatment response, and outcomes. In a set of DDR genes, ATM alterations were associated with worse survival, while other alterations were associated with better survival in advanced urothelial cancer. The results of this study suggest a complex role of ATM in tumor progression and call for further studies to determine the underlying mechanisms and biomarker clinical utility.
Role of Impaired Nutrient and Oxygen Deprivation Signaling and Deficient Autophagic Flux in Diabetic CKD Development: Implications for Understanding the Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2-Inhibitors
Authors: Packer Milton
Published: April 2020

Growing evidence indicates that oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress, which trigger changes in ion channels and inflammatory pathways that may undermine cellular homeostasis and survival, are critical determinants of injury in the diabetic kidney. Cells are normally able to mitigate these cellular stresses by maintaining high levels of autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that clears the cytoplasm of dysfunctional organelles. However, the capacity for autophagy in both podocytes and renal tubular cells is markedly impaired in type 2 diabetes, and this deficiency contributes importantly to the intensity of renal injury. The primary drivers of autophagy in states of nutrient and oxygen deprivation—sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α)—can exert renoprotective effects by promoting autophagic flux and by exerting direct effects on sodium transport and inflammasome activation. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by marked suppression of SIRT1 and AMPK, leading to a diminution in autophagic flux in glomerular podocytes and renal tubules and markedly increasing their susceptibility to renal injury. Importantly, because insulin acts to depress autophagic flux, these derangements in nutrient deprivation signaling are not ameliorated by antihyperglycemic drugs that enhance insulin secretion or signaling. Metformin is an established AMPK agonist that can promote autophagy, but its effects on the course of CKD have been demonstrated only in the experimental setting. In contrast, the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter–2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may be related primarily to enhanced SIRT1 and HIF-2α signaling; this can explain the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors to promote ketonemia and erythrocytosis and potentially underlies their actions to increase autophagy and mute inflammation in the diabetic kidney. These distinctions may contribute importantly to the consistent benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors to slow the deterioration in glomerular function and reduce the risk of ESKD in large-scale randomized clinical trials of patients with type 2 diabetes.
SPOR ORGANİZASYONLARINA KATILAN ÇALIŞANLARIN SPORA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ: ŞİRKETLER LİGİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TOGO Osman Tolga , ÖZTÜRK Arda
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, şirketler ligi basketbol spor organizasyonuna katılan bireylerin Spora Yönelik Tutum düzeylerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu; İstanbul İng bank ve Denizbank bünyesinde yer alan ve şirketler ligi basketbol spor organizasyonuna katılan toplam 110 kişi [39 Kadın, 71 Erkek] oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; Şentürk [2014] tarafından geliştirilen ve geçerlik-güvenirliği yapılan “Spora Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” ile araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin normalliği test edilip, verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği görülmüş, bunun sonucunda araştırma analizi için İkili karşılaştırmalarda Mann Whitney U Test, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda Kruskal Wallis Test uygulanmıştır. Verilerin sonuçları SPSS 21.00 istatistik programı ile yapılmıştır. İstatistiki sonuçlar p<0,05 önem düzeyinde anlamlı bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, Spora Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puanlarının cinsiyet ve yaş değişkeni arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir.
Sacrificing Rat v1
Authors: Robbins Shaina , Moss Alison
Published: April 2020

This is the standard procedure we use when sacrificing our Sprague-Dawley rats.