bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PROBLEM OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST-CRISIS RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Zarubina Yuliya
Published: May 2021

small and medium-sized businesses, post-crisis development.
DYOTROPIC REARRANGEMENT OF DIARYLETHENES
Authors: Kofi Erik , L'vov Andrey
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the reaction of dyotropic rearrangement of diarylethenes, which limits

the fatigue resistant of this class of photochromic compounds, has been carried out.
DISTANCE LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Sitosanova Ol'ga
Published: May 2021

The article discusses distance learning at a university.
COMPUTATIONAL NMR OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Krivdin Leonid , Semenov Valentin
Published: May 2021

A review of the literature data on the calculation of NMR parameters in a large

number of natural compounds: alkaloids, terpenes, lactones, lactams, peptides is carried out in order

to study their structure, as well as various stereochemical and stereoelectronic effects
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING HEAVY OIL RESIDUES
Authors: Kuzora Igor' , Simonova Elena , Uhanev Stepan
Published: May 2021

The physicochemical and chemmotological characteristics of bottom sediment oil

sludge were studied to determine the optimal processing conditions. The possibility of obtaining light

distillates using the thermal method of exposure to oil sludge is investigated. A variant of the involve ment of bottom sediments in the installation of delayed coking is proposed
MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF ISOPARAFFIN SULFURIC ALKYLATION
Authors: Semenov Ivan , Shelkovnikov Aleksandr
Published: May 2021

The process of sulfuric alkylation of isobutane with olefins is considered. The model

of the process was simulated using the Aspen HYSYS package
Application of the ARC/INFO GIS for Geomorphological Research with Special Attention to Morphostructural Analysis
Authors: Dvořák Lubomír
Published: May 2021

Many different Geographical Information Systems (GIS) exist nowadays; geographers, however, have sometimes problems with GIS applications in their respective field. The use of GIS in geomorphological research is presented. Special attention is given to the connection between the ARC/INFO GIS and morphostructural analysis which belongs among modern methods of geomorphological research. The study area is located in the northern part of Zábřežská Highland, Bohemian Highlands, Czech Republic.
Contribution to the Assesment of Recreational Processes on Microregional Level (Case Study Hostomice Region)
Authors: Vágner Jiří
Published: May 2021

The article presents an attempt at analysis of recreational behaviour in a small region in the southwestern hinterland of Prague. Some ideas about possibilities of recreational and service development in the region and its centre are outlined, tightly connected with problems of general development of the whole territory.
Paparan Informasi, Pengetahuan, Sikap tentang Pedoman Gizi Seimbang dan Status Obesitas pada Anak Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pulogebang 11 Pagi Jakarta Timur
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Kusumaningrum Indah
Published: May 2021

Prevalence of obesity among school children aged 5-12 years old in Jakarta is remainly high, namely 14%. Indonesia Balance Nutrition Guideline (PGS) need to be applied everyday to tackle obesity. However, the exposure to PGS information, knowledge and attitude related to PGS among school children is still lacking. This study aims to identify the association between exposure to information, knowledge, and attitudes of PGS with obesity status among school children at SD Negeri Pulogebang 11 Pagi, East Jakarta. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted in SDN Pulogebang 11 Pagi with a sample of 100 fourth-grade students. Variable in this study were exposure to information, knowledge, attitudes related PGS, and obesity status. Exposure to information, knowledge, and attitudes related PGS were taken by filling out the questionnaires by respondents. Obesity status was measured by measuring height and weight. Data was analyzed by using Fisher Exact test and Chi Square test. This study shows that the prevalence of obesity is 14%. School children who had never been exposed to PGS information were 34%. School children with ≤ median score of knowledge and attitudes were 61% and 58%. Other result shows that there was no significant association between exposure to information (p = 0.371), knowledge (p = 0.363), and PGS attitude (p = 0.513) with obesity status. Other factors, such as the role of parents, peers, and school, may influence children's behavior, as in eating behavior, physical activity, and lifestyle. The conclusion of this study is the prevalence of obesity is still high. To overcome this, intervention is not only carried out among school children, but also interventions related to PGS among parents and integration with school programs are needed.
Eigenvalue intervals for iterative systems of nonlinear boundary value problems on time scales
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ADITYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT TEKKALI, 532 201, INDIA E-mail address: sabbavarapu−nag@yahoo.co.in, RAO SABBAVARAPU NAGESWARA , RAO ALLAKA KAMESWARA ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN MADHURAWADA, VISAKHAPATNAM, 530 048, INDIA E-mail address: kamesh−1724@yahoo.com
Published: May 2021

Values of λ1, λ2, · · · , λn are determined for which there exist positive solutions of the iterative system of dynamic equations, u∆∆ i (t) + λiai(t)fi(ui+1(σ(t))) = 0, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, un+1(t) = u1(t), for t ∈ [a, b]T, and satisfying the boundary conditions, αui(a) − βu∆ i (a) = 0 = γui(σ 2 (b)) + δu∆ i (σ(b)), 1 ≤ i ≤ n, where T is a time scale. A Guo-Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem is applied.
On the GBS Bernstein-Stancu’s type operators
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCES NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: danmiclausrz@yahoo.com, MICLAUS DAN
Published: May 2021

In the present paper we establish the form of remainder term associated to the GBS (Generalized Boolean Sum) Bernstein-Stancu’s type operators, using bivariate divided differences.
Properties of some m − I− closed sets and m − I− continuities
Authors:   YASAR UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS UNIVERSITE CADDESI 35-37, AGAC¸ LI YOL, 35100, BORNOVA-IZMIR, TURKEY E-mail address: esra.dalan@yasar.edu.tr, YILDIRIM E. D. , OZBAKIR O. B. ,   EGE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS 35100, BORNOVA- IZMIR, TURKEY E-mail address: oya.ozbakir@ege.edu.tr
Published: May 2021

In this paper, mθ −I and mδ −I−closed sets are introduced and their basic some properties are obtained. Also, some classes of generalized closed sets via the associated mθ − I and mδ − I−closure of a set in an ideal minimal space are investigated and the relationships between these new sets are given. Furthermore, new continuities are defined in ideal minimal spaces. In addition, the study are substantiated by counterexamples.
Using symbolic computation in Mathematica for verifying the convergence of the iterative methods
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCES NORTH UNIVERSITY CENTER AT BAIA MARE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA VICTORIEI 76, 430122 BAIA MARE, ROMANIA E-mail address: ardelean g@yahoo.com, ARDELEAN GHEORGHE
Published: May 2021

In [Jisheng Kou, The improvements of modified Newton’s method, Appl. Math. Comput., 189 (2007) 602–609], the improvements of some thirdorder modifications of Newton’s method for solving nonlinear equations are presented. In this paper we point out some flaws in the results of Jisheng Kou and we correct them by using symbolic computation in Mathematica. In [M. A. Noor et al., A new modified Halley method without second derivatives for nonlinear equations, Appl. Math. Comput., 189 (2007) 1268–1273] , the error equation obtained for the new method presented is wrong. We present the correct result by using symbolic computation, too. Finally, we present two examples of very simply proofs for the convergence of iterative methods by using symbolic computation. We consider that the Mathematica programs in this paper are good examples for other authors to prove the convergence of the iterative methods or to verify their results.
Editorial Note - Vol. 15., No. 1, 2021
Authors: Lemnitzer Anne
Published: May 2021

This issue of the DFI Journal reflects the wonderful, continued support of the DFI, the editorial staff, and the authors. We are certain that you will find these papers helpful in whichever role - engineer, contractor, leadership, and so on- you serve within our Industry. You will note that the papers represent a broad geography including the state-of-practice in Texas, sedimentary rocks in the mid-Atlantic region, and augered, cast-in-place piles in central Florida. All at the DFI can be proud that the following contributions to the Journal represent such a wide distribution over the USA and beyond.
NONLINEAR DIFFUSION EQUATION WITH A PERTURBED CONVECTIONTERM: POTENTIAL SYMMETRIES WITH RESPECT TO THE SECOND CONSERVATION LAW
Authors: Narain O.K. , Mahomed F.M.
Published: May 2021

We consider the nonlinear diffusion equation with a perturbed convection term. The potential symmetries for the exact equation with respect to the second conservation law are classified. It is found that these exist only in the linear case. It is further shown that no nontrivial approximate potential symmetries of order one exists for the perturbed equation with respect to the other conservation law.
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOLS OF FINE ARTS AND COMPOSITION IN THE TERRITORY OF ANCIENT UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Professor, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan,, Baimetov Botir Boltabayevich , Sattorov Farhod ,   1 Course Of Master’s Degree, Namangan State University
Published: May 2021

The article provides historical information on the history of the development of schools of fine arts and composition in the territory of ancient Uzbekistan. It also discusses the development of fine arts and composition in the manuscripts of miniature art, the artists’ attempts to reflect the historical events of the miniature, to accurately depict the human face.
COMPARISON OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PNEUMATIC VERSUS LASER LITHOTRIPSY IN URETERIC STONES
Authors: Rana Ata ur Rehman , Syed Atif Hussain Rana  , Muhammad Saddiq Haris  , Kizar Hayat Gondal  , Ali Shandar Durrani  , Muhammad Raheem Sajjad
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Treatments for ureteral calculi evolve, over the past decades from open ureterolithotomy to minimally invasive procedures. Objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of pneumatic versus laser lithotripsy in ureteric stones.

METHODOLGY: A RCT study was conducted in Department of Urology Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 1st March 2018 to 31st August 2018. Patients were divided into two groups. In group A, 2 Fr pneumatic probe was used for pneumatic lithotripsy, while in group B, 550 μm fiber probe was used for laser lithotripsy.

RESULTS: Efficacy of Group A (pneumatic lithotripsy) was seen in 57 (77.63%) patients while in Group B (laser lithotripsy) was seen in 71 (93.42%) patients with p-value of 0.006

CONCLUSION: Laser lithotripsy in ureteric stones is better as compared to pneumatic lithotripsy.
TD 2653 - Evolução Tecnológica da Indústria Brasileira 2000-2016: uma abordagem quantitativa
Authors: Bahia Luiz Dias
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho buscou desenvolver e aplicar uma métrica para a tecnologia na indústria brasileira no período 2000-2016. Os resultados mostraram estabilidade dos índices de tecnologia propostos e uma intensa evolução de aprimoramento tecnológico da indústria brasileira depois de 2000 até 2016.
MESHLESS GALERKIN METHOD BASED ON RBFS AND REPRODUCING KERNEL FOR QUASI-LINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS WITH DIRICHLET BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Mesrizadeh Mehdi , Shanazari Kamal
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this paper is to present a hybrid scheme of both meshless Galerkin and reproducing kernel Hilbert space methods. The Galerkin meshless method is a powerful tool for solving a large class of multi-dimension problems. Reproducing kernel Hilbert space method is an extremely efficient approach to obtain an analytical solution for ordinary or partial differential equations appeared in vast areas of science and engineering. The error analysis and convergence show that the proposed mixed method is very efficient. Since the solution space spanned by radial basis functions do not directly satisfy essential boundary conditions, an auxiliary parameterized technique is employed. Theoretical studies indicate that this new method is very stable, though a parameterized problem is employed instead of the main problem.
Interferometric Imaging of λ Andromedae: Evidence of Starspots and Rotation
Authors: Parks J. R. , White R. J. , Baron F. , Monnier J. D. , Kloppenborg B. , Henry G. W. , Schaefer G. , Che X. , Pedretti E. , Thureau N. , Zhao M. , ten Brummelaar T. , McAlister H. , Ridgway S. T. , Turner N. , Sturmann J. , Sturmann L.
Published: May 2021

Presented are the first interferometric images of cool starspots on the chromospherically active giant λ Andromedae. Using the Michigan Infra-Red Combiner coupled to the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array, 26 interferometric observations were made between 2008 August 17 and 2011 September 24. The photometric time series acquired at Fairborn Observatory spanning 2008 September 20 to 2011 January 20 is also presented. The angular diameter and power-law limb-darkening coefficient of this star are 2.759 ± 0.050 mas and 0.229 ± 0.111, respectively. Starspot properties are obtained from both modeled and SQUEEZE reconstructed images. The images from 2010 through 2011 show anywhere from one to four starspots. The cadence in the data for the 2010 and 2011 data sets is sufficient to measure a stellar rotation period based on apparent starspot motion. This leads to estimates of the rotation period (P
2010 = 61 ± 4.0 days, P
2011 = 54.0 ± 2.4 days) that are consistent with the photometrically determined period of 54.8 days. In addition, the inclination and position angle of the rotation axis are computed for both the 2010 and 2011 data sets; values (

Ψ

¯

 = 21.°5,

i

¯

 = 78.°0) for each are nearly identical between the two years.
Skye: A Differentiable Equation of State
Authors: Jermyn Adam S. , Schwab Josiah , Bauer Evan , Timmes F. X. , Potekhin Alexander Y.
Published: May 2021

Stellar evolution and numerical hydrodynamics simulations depend critically on access to fast, accurate, thermodynamically consistent equations of state. We present Skye, a new equation of state for fully ionized matter. Skye includes the effects of positrons, relativity, electron degeneracy, Coulomb interactions, nonlinear mixing effects, and quantum corrections. Skye determines the point of Coulomb crystallization in a self-consistent manner, accounting for mixing and composition effects automatically. A defining feature of this equation of state is that it uses analytic free energy terms and provides thermodynamic quantities using automatic differentiation machinery. Because of this, Skye is easily extended to include new effects by simply writing new terms in the free energy. We also introduce a novel thermodynamic extrapolation scheme for extending analytic fits to the free energy beyond the range of the fitting data while preserving desirable properties like positive entropy and sound speed. We demonstrate Skye in action in the MESA stellar evolution software instrument by computing white dwarf cooling curves.
Probing Uncertainties in Diagnostics of a Synthetic Chromosphere
Authors: Schmit Don , Martinez-Sykora Juan , Pereira Tiago , Asensio Ramos Andrés
Published: May 2021

Effective spectroscopic diagnostics rely on the ability to convert a particular flux measurement into a physical interpretation. Knowledge of uncertainty is a central component of diagnostics. We present data from a simulated solar-like chromosphere, where we have addressed the question of whether degeneracy is a problem in mapping from a non-LTE chromospheric line profile to a particular vertical stratification of atmospheric properties along the line of sight. Our results indicate that stratification degeneracies do exist, at least in our simulated atmosphere. We quantify this effect through the creation of posterior densities for atmospheric properties based on the Mg ii h line profile using the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) technique. We find that the predictive power of the ABC temperature posterior systematically varies as a function of atmospheric column mass and ground-truth temperature. The ABC posteriors more effectively reproduce the spectral intensity in the Ca ii 8542 Å line than they do temperature stratification, although residual error in the Ca ii line core is common. Our results illustrate that some degeneracies should be alleviated through simultaneous analysis of multiple chromospheric lines.
Stellar Rotation in the K2 Sample: Evidence for Modified Spin-down
Authors: Gordon Tyler A. , Davenport James R. A. , Angus Ruth , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Agol Eric , Covey Kevin R. , Agüeros Marcel A. , Kipping David
Published: May 2021

We analyze light curves of 284,834 unique K2 targets using a Gaussian process model with a quasi-periodic kernel function. By cross-matching K2 stars to observations from Gaia Data Release 2, we have identified 69,627 likely main-sequence stars. From these we select a subsample of 8977 stars on the main sequence with highly precise rotation period measurements. With this sample we recover the gap in the rotation period−color diagram first reported by McQuillan et al. While the gap was tentatively detected in Reinhold & Hekker, this work represents the first robust detection of the gap in K2 data for field stars. This is significant because K2 observed along many lines of sight at wide angular separation, in contrast to Kepler’s single line of sight. Together with recent results for rotation in open clusters, we interpret this gap as evidence for a departure from the t
−1/2 Skumanich spin-down law, rather than an indication of a bimodal star formation history. We provide maximum likelihood estimates and uncertainties for all parameters of the quasi-periodic light-curve model for each of the 284,834 stars in our sample.
A Supernova-driven, Magnetically Collimated Outflow as the Origin of the Galactic Center Radio Bubbles
Authors: Zhang Mengfei , Li Zhiyuan , Morris Mark R.
Published: May 2021

A pair of nonthermal radio bubbles recently discovered in the inner few hundred parsecs of the Galactic center bears a close spatial association with elongated, thermal X-ray features called the X-ray chimneys. While their morphology, position, and orientation vividly point to an outflow from the Galactic center, the physical processes responsible for the outflow remain to be understood. We use 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to test the hypothesis that the radio bubbles/X-ray chimneys are the manifestation of an energetic outflow driven by multiple core-collapsed supernovae (SNe) in the nuclear stellar disk, where numerous massive stars are known to be present. Our simulations are run with different combinations of two main parameters, the supernova birth rate and the strength of a global magnetic field being vertically oriented with respect to the disk. The simulation results show that a hot gas outflow can naturally form and acquire a vertically elongated shape due to collimation by the magnetic pressure. In particular, the simulation with an initial magnetic field strength of 80 μG and a supernova rate of 1 kyr−1 can well reproduce the observed morphology, internal energy, and X-ray luminosity of the bubbles after an evolutionary time of 330 kyr. On the other hand, a magnetic field strength of 200 μG gives rise to an overly elongated outflow that is inconsistent with the observed bubbles. The simulations also reveal that, inside the bubbles, mutual collisions between the shock waves of individual SNe produce dense filaments of locally amplified magnetic field. Such filaments may account for a fraction of the synchrotron-emitting radio filaments known to exist in the Galactic center.
Phylogeny and evolution of habitat preference in Goniurosaurus (Squamata: Eublepharidae) and their correlation with karst and granite-stream-adapted ecomorphologies in species groups from Vietnam
Authors: Grismer L. Lee , Ngo Hai Ngoc , Qi Shuo , Wang Ying-Yong , Le Minh Duc , Ziegler Thomas
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses using two mitochondrial (16S and cyt b) and two nuclear (CMOS and RAG1) genes and 103 specimens recovered the first phylogenies of all 23 extant species of Goniurosaurus. The analyses strongly supported the recognition of four monophyletic species groups with identical inter-specific relationships within the kuroiwae, lichtenfelderi, and yingdeensis groups but discordant topologies at some nodes within the luii group. Both analyses recovered a polyphyletic G. luii with respect to G. kadoorieorum, and owing to the lack of diagnostic characters in the latter, it is considered a junior synonym of G. luii. A stochastic character mapping analysis of karst versus non-karst habitat preference suggested that karstic landscapes may have played a major role in the evolution and diversification of Goniurosaurus. A karst habitat preference is marginally supported as the most probable ancestral condition for Goniurosaurus as well as for the kuroiwae, luii, and yingdeensis groups. However, a non-karst habitat preference is marginally supported as the most probable ancestral condition for the lichtenfelderi group. Multivariate and univariate ecomorphological analyses of the karst-adapted G. catbaensis, G. huuliensis, and G. luii of the luii group and the granite-stream-adapted G. lichtenfelderii of the lichtenfelderi group demonstrated that their markedly statistically different body shapes may be an adaptive response that contributes to habitat partitioning in areas of northern Vietnam where they are nearly sympatric.
Une administration centrale à la campagne
Authors: Lambert Olivier
Published: May 2021

Ce cahier apporte un éclairage sur un épisode singulier dans l’histoire de la Compagnie Alais, Froges et Camargue (AFC), qui deviendra Pechiney en 1950, celui de l’exil de son administration centrale à Éguilles, en Pays d’Avignon, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Pour relater cet événement, il s’appuie sur deux témoignages écrits d’anciens collaborateurs d’AFC qui ont participé à l’aventure d’Éguilles. Le premier a été rédigé en 1954 par Jean Fournier de Lempdes, à l’époque archiviste du groupe, et se trouve dans les archives historiques de Pechiney. Le second a été recueilli en 1998 par l’IHA et figure dans sa collection « Travaux d’auteurs ». Il est de la plume de Bernard Siméon qui était directeur technique auprès de l’adminstration centrale d’AFC lors du repli à Éguilles. Ces deux témoignages sont illustrés par un portfolio d’images qui donnent à voir ce que fut le cadre de vie et le quotidien des femmes et des hommes de l’administration d’AFC au cours des années 1940-1943. L’ensemble de ces photographies provient d’un album de 158 tirages, appartenant à la Collection photographique de L’Aluminium Français gérée par l’IHA.
Controlling shareholders and CEO pay monitoring: A panel threshold approach on the degree and seniority of control
Authors: Almeida Lionel
Published: May 2021

L’intensité du monitoring peut varier en fonction du degré de contrôle et de l’ancienneté des actionnaires de contrôle. Un modèle à effets de seuil est utilisé dans le cadre de la détermination des rémunérations des P-DG dans un panel d’entreprises cotées en France. Les résultats montrent que les entreprises peuvent être considérées comme non contrôlées en-dessous d’un seuil de 10 % du capital. Au-dessus, trois régimes de contrôle sont identifiés : un contrôle influent (10 % à 33 %), dominant (33 % à 45 %) et majoritaire (au-delà de 45 %). Pour l’ancienneté du contrôle, le modèle identifie un seuil d’environ huit années après la prise de contrôle, distinguant un contrôle récent d’un contrôle de long-terme . Les entreprises non contrôlées ou avec un contrôle récent ont recours à des contrats dits optimaux pour gérer les conflits d’agence et la rétention des talents, tandis que les contrôles influent et majoritaire monitorent directement et apportent une meilleure gouvernance. Situé à un degré intermédiaire, le contrôle dominant montre des signes d’enracinement.
Un miroir aux princes révélé : Brigitte de Suède, mystique et conseillère des rois
Authors: Bataille Camille
Published: May 2021

Les révélations mystiques de Brigitte de Suède (1303-1373) l’ont amenée à conseiller plusieurs souverains européens, en particulier le roi de Suède Magnus Eriksson. Les visions politiques de la sainte sont compilées après sa mort dans un miroir aux princes intitulé le Livre de l’empereur céleste aux rois . D’autres révélations du corpus brigittin peuvent également être lues dans cette perspective. Cette contribution vise à examiner le contenu de ce miroir d’origine divine à la fin du Moyen Âge.
L’éducation du prince entre identité et altérité : le De rege (1599) du jésuite Juan de Mariana. Pensée historique et constitution des corps politiques dans l’Espagne moderne
Authors: Malavialle Renaud
Published: May 2021

Le jésuite Juan de Mariana a composé un traité d’éducation du prince célèbre pour la radicalité de la théorie du tyrannicide qu’il y développe. Mais cet aspect du De rege fait surtout pendant aux conceptions anthropologiques, politiques et éducatives profondément historicisées et donc pragmatiques de cet auteur. Le parcours du jeune érudit au cœur de la chrétienté déchirée par les guerres de Religion et troublée par l’essor des sentiments nationaux qu’elles cristallisent, le ramène, après son séjour parisien (1570-1574), en Castille où il travaillera désormais à son œuvre. Son intérêt pour l’histoire semble fonder une idée de ce que doit être le monarque hispanique, souverain d’une España dont Mariana contribue à remotiver le sens. L’édification du roi et la définition historique d’une aire prépondérante au sein de la monarchie vont de pair pour affronter les nouveaux défis de l’époque.
Charles Rollin (1661-1741) : de l’éducation des princes aux élites du XIX e siècle
Authors: Belitsou Kondylenia
Published: May 2021

Charles Rollin (1661-1741), professeur français de rhétorique, mais aussi homme d’Église, rattaché au mouvement des jansénistes, esquisse un projet éducatif qui vise à transmettre aux princes et aux sujets des idées nouvelles et à insuffler en même temps des principes moraux et religieux de son époque. Le pédagogue qui meurt avant la Révolution tient une correspondance avec le roi de Prusse Frédéric II. Son Histoire ancienne (1730-1738) s’inscrit dans le modèle humaniste qui, au xvii e  siècle, fait triompher, dans l’histoire de l’Antiquité, des exempla qui « subordonnent les registres politique et militaire aux catégories morales ». Au fil de son Histoire , nombreux sont les portraits de rois (Philippe de Macédoine), de princes (Alexandre le Grand), ou d’hommes politiques (Solon). À travers leurs actes il fait réagir les lecteurs afin qu’ils formulent un jugement à l’égard des grands hommes et de leur personnalité. Le point fort de cette Histoire élaborée sur le mode narratif, mêlant volontiers les références religieuses, disposant d’un appareil de citations empruntées aux auteurs anciens est qu’elle finit par convaincre les publics lettrés et trouver un écho dans la nouvelle génération de ce début du xix e  siècle. Malgré alors le changement socioculturel et politique à travers les siècles, on voit une volonté de continuité avec les valeurs morales du passé où les élites d’une nouvelle génération trouvent un enjeu du progrès de la civilisation.
Les nouveaux projets de transport public et leurs impacts à Constantine (Algérie)
Authors: Harkat Imane , Benrachi Bouba , Gattuso Domenico
Published: May 2021

Un système de Transport Collectif Urbain (TCU) écologique et durable est un équipement important, mais son efficacité dépend d’une intelligente politique d’intégration dans le tissu urbain. À cet effet l’intermodalité, déployée dans les pôles d’échanges, joue un rôle significatif. Le cas de Constantine en est l’illustration et cet article propose une évaluation environnementale du système de tramway en cours de développement et de son articulation avec les autres modes.
Histoire d’une institution au cœur de la Francophonie
Authors: Gendreau-Massaloux Michèle
Published: May 2021

L’histoire de l’AUF, institution universitaire et francophone, est marquée à la fois par l’évolution de la Francophonie institutionnelle et par sa dimension proprement universitaire. C’est au début des années 1960 qu’est fondée l’association des universités partiellement ou entièrement de langue française, l’AUPELF, réseau mis en place par quelques universitaires de divers pays soucieux d’échanges et de coopération. Le caractère associatif de cette instance, qui regroupe rapidement une quarantaine d’universités, permet des prises de décision collégiales et garantit une véritable liberté d’action, mais la maintient dans un état de fragilité financière.En 1987, l’AUPELF devient l’AUPELF-UREF, par adjonction d’une « université des réseaux d’expression française », sorte d’université hors les murs, mais sa situation ne s'améliore pas.Deux événements amènent l'institution à se redresser, à se transformer et à se consolider tout en préservant son autonomie. D'une part, en 1997, avec l’établissement des nouvelles structures de la Francophonie politique, l’AUPELF trouve une nouvelle dynamique : elle devient l’AUF, bras armé universitaire de l’AIF (qui deviendra l’OIF). D'autre part, au début des années 2000, la refonte des statuts et une nouvelle impulsion interne, qui étend les possibilités d'adhésion volontaire des institutions d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche et déconcentre la gestion des programmes, assure à l'AUF l’appui des États membres sans que soit amoindrie sa capacité propre de décision et d'action, garanties par les nouveaux statuts. Un nombre important d’universités font leur entrée dans l'ensemble mondial qui se dessine. Des programmes prioritaires de recherche et d’éducation sont définis : langue et culture francophones, démocratie et État de droit, campus numériques francophones et accès à l’information scientifique, environnement durable. L'évolution qui s'engage donne un rôle important aux initiatives des membres actifs, ce qui conforte la mutation encore en cours.
Contre la disparition du monde francophone de l’Alliance israélite universelle : les efforts de Vitalis Danon à Tunis (1945-1958)
Authors: Omer Danielle
Published: May 2021

Il y a presque 150 ans maintenant, l’Alliance israélite universelle a créé, dans les pays du bassin méditerranéen oriental et méridional, un réseau d’écoles ayant le français comme langue d’enseignement. Que devient ce monde francophone méconnu du grand public au moment où émerge peu à peu la francophonie institutionnalisée ? La création de l’État d’Israël, les processus de la décolonisation bouleversent les données économiques, politiques et identitaires dans cette zone géographique. L’article tente de donner un aperçu du devenir de cette francophonie spécifique en suivant plus particulièrement les efforts de Vitalis Danon, directeur d’école à Tunis après la guerre.
Auguste Viatte & Haïti (1939-1946)
Authors: Lachat Thibault
Published: May 2021

De 1939 à 1946, le pionnier de la francophonie qu’est Auguste Viatte (1901-1993) effectue une série de missions en Haïti où il travaille, notamment, à la mise en place de l’Institut français de Port-au-Prince.Je me suis intéressé, sur la base de documents personnels de Viatte déposés aux Archives de la République et Canton du Jura à Porrentruy (Suisse), au travail qu’il a effectué sur l’île en vue de maintenir et de développer des relations culturelles fortes avec la France et l’Amérique française – le Canada principalement – ainsi que dans le but d’établir Haïti en une base d’expansion intellectuelle et culturelle française pour le continent américain. Dans les nombreux rapports qu’il rédige lors de ses missions, Viatte développe, outre l’idée qu’il se fait d’Haïti dans le cadre d’une nouvelle géopolitique mondiale, les moyens pour parvenir à ses objectifs et jette en quelque sorte les bases d’une francophonie avant la lettre.De ce point de vue, la situation particulière d’Haïti, ancienne colonie française indépendante depuis les débuts du XIXe siècle, présente un intérêt certain dans la mesure où elle présage, avant les décolonisations de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, une géopolitique postcoloniale, où de nouvelles puissances, en l’occurrence les États-Unis, viennent concurrencer dans ce cas-ci l’ancienne métropole qu’est la France.
Le Viêt Nam, un pays francophone atypique : regard sur l’emprise française sur l’évolution littéraire et journalistique au Viêt Nam depuis la première moitié du XXe siècle
Authors: Le Thu Hang
Published: May 2021

La présence française au Việt Nam remonte à 1862 lors de l’installation définitive de la France en Cochinchine. Parmi les éléments introduits par la présence française, l’imprimerie, les imprimés et la littérature française entraînent, notamment grâce à la généralisation du quốc ngữ, de nombreux changements socioculturels au Việt Nam. Loin d’être une simple imposition, les Vietnamiens se réapproprient ces principes et les utilisent sur le plan technique mais aussi sur le plan littéraire, parfois à l’encontre des colonisateurs. Très rapidement des récits en français sont publiés qui, d’abord dans un style heurté et maladroit, vont ensuite donner naissance dans les années 1930 et 1940 à une littérature très riche, que l’on peut considérer comme un genre à part entière. Cette période est une des plus prolifiques de la culture vietnamienne et ses écrits restent encore une référence littéraire, jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
Regard sur la didactique du plurilinguisme aux Pays-Bas au XIXe siècle
Authors: Kok Escalle Marie-Christine
Published: May 2021

L’éducation au plurilinguisme est une réalité ancienne dans les Pays-Bas. Nombreux sont les manuels que des maîtres de langues, plurilingues, ont édités. Au XIXe siècle, la didactique scolaire est orientée sur la pratique, les langues modernes étant considérées comme nécessaires pour la formation des enfants de la bourgeoisie marchande. Le cadre de référence offert par la langue maternelle détermine la représentation que l’on se fait des autres langues. Le français fait encore souvent fonction de langue maternelle, en tant que pont de passage vers les autres langues. La didactique universitaire en revanche fait de l’étude des langues modernes une démarche historique et comparative sur la base des langues anciennes, l’approche de la langue contemporaine et vivante commençant dans le 2e quart du XXe siècle.
« Guerre aux mots étrangers ! » : le protectionnisme et la censure dans la lexicographie portugaise du XXe siècle
Authors: Carmino Marques Fernando
Published: May 2021

Au nom de la pureté linguistique, dont l’origine nous renvoie à un passé plus ou moins éloigné, sélectif et paradigmatique, les lexicologues portugais, défenseurs d’une telle opinion n’hésitent pas à associer « pur » à « supérieur ». Ces combattants, dans le cas lusitanien, estiment la langue portugaise supérieure aux autres vu qu’elle possède en elle tous les moyens pour adapter l’expression à l’idée. C’est donc à un combat, sans merci, aux mots étrangers que nous assistons pendant tout le XXe siècle.
The bandit and his myths
Authors: Michelutti Lucia , Picherit David
Published: May 2021

De Pablo Escobar à Phoolan Devi, les mythes de bandits plus ou moins sociaux se développent de manière exponentielle et se répandent par le biais des médias numériques. Célébrant des bandits, des gangsters, des politiciens mafieux – morts ou vivants – à partir de bricolages transculturels, ces mythes constituent des armes effectives dans le présent immédiat mais aussi un rendez-vous avec une postérité incertaine. Fiction et faits semblent ainsi fusionner et donner naissance à des réalités fictionnelles puissantes qui débordent les vies présentes et post-mortem de ces figures. Cette introduction expose comment ces réalités fictionnelles sont concrètement élaborées par le biais d’« écritures scénarisées de mythes » qui sont pleinement constitutives de l’autorité de ces bandits. Ce concept théorique que nous développons est aussi un objet ethnographique : nous explorons empiriquement cette fabrique quotidienne de la séduction, de la fascination et de l’effroi, laquelle est indissociable de la capacité à faire agir autrui dans les économies politiques criminelles.
Poeta e Pensador de Marketing? Uma Análise dos Escritos de Fernando Pessoa sobre Gestão
Authors: Gammp Gabriela , Sauerbronn João Felipe Rammelt
Published: May 2021

Tem havido um interesse crescente de pesquisadores de marketing em compreender a trajetória da disciplina e suas variações em tempos e lugares diferentes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento das obras do poeta Fernando Pessoa relacionadas à gestão, escritas na década de 1920, e analisar o conteúdo das mesmas de forma a se apontar a sua associação a temas que contemporaneamente são discutidos na disciplina de marketing. Para tanto, trazemos no referencial teórico a discussão a respeito do escopo da disciplina a partir da apresentação da dicotomia macromarketing/micromarketing (Hunt & Burnett, 1982), que serve como base para o entendimento do conhecimento de marketing. As obras de Fernando Pessoa dedicadas à gestão foram selecionadas e constituíram o corpus de dados, o qual foi analisado com base na análise de conteúdo tradicional com apoio do software de análise de dados MaxQDA 2018. Ao fim, observamos que os escritos de Pessoa trazem indicações de que os conhecimentos e práticas de comércio discutidos naquele tempo em Portugal já apontavam para temas que hoje fazem parte do conhecimento de marketing consolidado, como segmentação de mercados, orientação para o marketing e sistemas de marketing.
Informações Editoriais e Nominata de Avaliadores - Ano de 2020
Authors: RIMAR .
Published: May 2021

Apresenta informações editoriais e nominata de avaliadores da RIMAR para o ano de 2020.
Knockout of MAPK Phosphatase-1 Exaggerates Type I IFN Response during Systemic Escherichia coli Infection
Authors: Kirk Sean G. , Murphy Parker R. , Wang Xiantao , Cash Charles J. , Barley Timothy J. , Bowman Bridget A. , Batty Abel J. , Ackerman William E. , Zhang Jian , Nelin Leif D. , Hafner Markus , Liu Yusen
Published: May 2021

We have previously shown that Mkp-1–deficient mice produce elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 following systemic Escherichia coli infection, and they exhibited increased mortality, elevated bacterial burden, and profound metabolic alterations. To understand the function of Mkp-1 during bacterial infection, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis to compare the global gene expression between E. coli–infected wild-type and Mkp-1−/− mice. A large number of IFN-stimulated genes were more robustly expressed in E. coli–infected Mkp-1−/− mice than in wild-type mice. Multiplex analysis of the serum cytokine levels revealed profound increases in IFN-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α and β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-27, and GMSF levels in E. coli–infected Mkp-1−/− mice relative to wild-type mice. Administration of a neutralizing Ab against the receptor for type I IFN to Mkp-1−/− mice prior to E. coli infection augmented mortality and disease severity. Mkp-1−/− bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM) produced higher levels of IFN-β mRNA and protein than did wild-type BMDM upon treatment with LPS, E. coli, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and herring sperm DNA. Augmented IFN-β induction in Mkp-1−/− BMDM was blocked by a p38 inhibitor but not by an JNK inhibitor. Enhanced Mkp-1 expression abolished IFN-β induction by both LPS and E. coli but had little effect on the IFN-β promoter activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Mkp-1 deficiency did not have an overt effect on IRF3/7 phosphorylation or IKK activation but modestly enhanced IFN-β mRNA stability in LPS-stimulated BMDM. Our results suggest that Mkp-1 regulates IFN-β production primarily through a p38-mediated mechanism and that IFN-β plays a beneficial role in E. coli–induced sepsis.
Worsening of gas exchange parameters at high FiO2 in COVID-19: misleading or informative?
Authors: Raimondi Federico , Novelli Luca , Marchesi Gianmariano , Fabretti Fabrizio , Grazioli Lorenzo , Riva Ivano , Allegri Chiara , Biza Roberta , Galimberti Chiara , Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Di Marco Fabiano
Published: May 2021

Background: In COVID-19, higher than expected level of intrapulmonary shunt has been described, in association with a discrepancy between the initial relatively preserved lung mechanics and the hypoxia severity. This study aim was to measure the shunt fraction and variations of PaO2/FiO2 ratio and oxygen alveolar-arterial gradient (A-a O2) at different FiO2.Methods: Shunt was measured by a non-invasive system during spontaneous breathing in 12 patients hospitalized at COVID-19 Semi-Intensive Care Unit of Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy, between October 22 and November 23, 2020.Results: Nine patients were men, mean age (±SD) 62±15 years, mean BMI 27.5±4.8 Kg/m2. Systemic hypertension, diabetes type 2 and previous myocardial infraction were referred in 33%, 17%, and 7%, respectively. Mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 234±66 and 11 patients presented a bilateral chest X-ray involvement. Mean shunt was 21±6%. Mainly in patients with a more severe respiratory failure, we found a progressive decrease of PaO2/FiO2 ratio with higher FiO2. Considering (A-a O2), we found a uniform tendency to increase with FiO2 increasing. Even in this case, the more severe were the patients, the higher was the slope, suggesting FiO2 insensitiveness due to a shunt effect, as strengthened by our measurements.Conclusion: Relying on a single evaluation of PaO2/FiO2 ratio, especially at high FiO2, could be misleading in COVID-19. We propose a two steps evaluation, the first at low SpO2 value (e.g., 92-94%) and the second one at high FiO2 (i.e., >0.7), allowing to characterize both the amendable (ventilation/perfusion mismatch), and the fixed (shunt) contribution quote of respiratory impairment, respectively.
[In memory of Andrea Sabbadini (1970-2020)]
Authors: Pesarini Fausto , Rapuzzi Pierpaolo
Published: May 2021

[We commemorate the personality and humanity of the entomologist Andrea Sabbadini (1970-2020) with the addition of a brief biography and notes on the activity he carried out in his field of specialization, the Coleoptera Cerambycidae].

 

[Article in Italian]
La gestione operativa di un ecosistema: la Palude di Torre Flavia - Un manuale per studenti e volontari
Authors: Gustin Marco
Published: May 2021

Not Available
Acute and Subacute Changes in Dynamic Postural Control After Hip Arthroscopy and Postoperative Rehabilitation
Authors: Freke Matthew , King Matthew , Crossley Kay , Sims Kevin , Semciw Adam
Published: May 2021

Context

Hip pain is associated with impairments in postural control and balance. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a reliable and valid method for measuring dynamic postural control.

Objective

To examine changes in dynamic postural control after hip arthroscopy and subsequent rehabilitation from baseline to 3 and 6 months postsurgery.

Design

Case series.

Setting

Physiotherapy department.

Patients or Other Participants

Sixty-seven individuals (47 men, 20 women; age = 31 ± 8 years, height = 1.78 ± 0.09 m, mass = 83 ± 15 kg) scheduled for hip arthroscopy to address chondrolabral conditions were matched with 67 healthy individuals serving as controls (47 men, 20 women; age = 31 ± 8 years, height = 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass = 80 ± 16 kg). The hip arthroscopy group underwent postoperative rehabilitation including SEBT training.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The SEBT reach normalized to limb length was collected before surgery (baseline) and at 3 and 6 months after arthroscopy and compared with that of the healthy matched control group. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate whether SEBT reach differed among the 3 time points, and t tests were used to evaluate between-limbs and between-groups differences.

Results

The SEBT reach in the hip arthroscopy group at baseline was less than that of the control group in all directions (P values < .001). At 3 months after arthroscopy, SEBT reach increased in the posteromedial (PM; P = .007), posterolateral (PL; P < .001), and anterolateral (AL; P < .001) directions from baseline. At 6 months after arthroscopy, all directions of reach had increased (P values < .001) from baseline. The anteromedial (mean difference [MD] = −2.9%, P = .02), PM (MD = −5.2%, P = .002), and AL (MD = −2.5%, P = .04) reach distances remained shorter at 6 months after surgery in the hip arthroscopy group than in the control group. No difference existed between the control and hip arthroscopy groups for reach in the PL direction (MD = −3.6%; P = .06).

Conclusions

Dynamic balance control in the hip arthroscopy group at baseline was poorer than in a matched control group as measured using the SEBT. At 3 months after hip arthroscopy, we observed improvements in dynamic balance in the PM, PL, and AL SEBT directions. By 6 months after arthroscopy, all directions of SEBT reach had improved, but only the PL reach improved to the level of healthy control individuals.
The utility of a modified W.H.O. TB screening tool among children at a Botswana child welfare clinic
Authors: Dikobe Wame , Molefi Mooketsi , Nkomo Bornapate , Kgwaadira Botshelo , Gasenelwe Boingotlo , Seloilwe Esther , Mashalla Yohanna , Mills Tonya-Ascortt-
Published: May 2021

Background: In high TB/HIV settings, the increased risk for TB amongst children exposed to HIV has been established through biomedical tests. Screening HIV exposed children for TB can improve early childhood TB detection and treatment.

Objective: This study assessed the utility of a modified World Health Organization (WHO) tool by including HIV variables, to determine TB exposure amongst HIV exposed children presenting to a “Well Child” Clinic (CWC).

Methods: Clinical data were obtained from medical records and/or from the caregivers of children presenting to CWC. Data was analyzed to explore factors associated with positive screening for TB, including being exposed to HIV and current HIV status.

Results: Five percent (55/1100) screened reported a close TB contact and 21% (n=231) had positive TB symptom screen. History of close TB contact was a risk factor for positive screening for TB symptoms (OR 1.89 CI 1.05-3.4) while being HIV negative was protective (OR 0.3, Cl 0.19-0.62). HIV exposure was associated with increased risk of TB exposure (OR 2.9 CI 1.61-5.19).

Conclusion: Integrating HIV variables in the existing WHO screening tool for childhood TB can be useful in early detec- tion and treatment of TB in HIV exposed children in resource limited settings.

Keywords: Childhood TB screening; HIV Exposure screening; TB/HIV integration.