bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers of HIV treatment interruption: Early findings from community-led monitoring program in Haiti
Authors: Policar Soeurette , Sharp Alana , Isidor Hyppolite Joanne , Alfred Gérald Marie , Steide Eva , Lucien Leïnadine , Ledan Naiké , Kavanagh Matthew
Published: December 2023

Background

Failure to retain people living with HIV (PLHIV) in care remains a significant barrier to achieving epidemic control in Haiti, with as many as 30% lost from care within one year of starting treatment. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is an emerging approach of improving healthcare and accountability to service users, through a cycle of monitoring and advocacy. In 2020, a CLM program was launched in Haiti to identify barriers to retention and advocating for better health services.

Methods

Data from the community-led monitoring program in Haiti were analyzed, from a sample of 65 healthcare facilities in the Nord, Artibonite, and Ouest departments collected from April 2021 to February 2022. Qualitative data from six community-based focus groups and 45 semi-structured individual interviews were analyzed.

Results

Confidentiality and stigmatization emerged as barriers to care, particularly due to the separation of PLHIV from other patients in view of community members. To avoid identification, patients described traveling long distances, with the reimbursement of transportation costs described as being insufficient or unavailable. Costs of non-HIV clinical services were a frequent concern and respondents described a need for clinics to provide food during all patient visits. Stock-outs were a regular challenge; by contrast, treatment literacy did not emerge as a major barrier to retention.

Conclusions

These findings represent the first instance, to our knowledge, of original data from a community-led monitoring program being published in any country. These findings suggest that improving treatment retention for PLHIV is dependent on improving the acceptability and affordability of healthcare services. Ensuring confidentiality is critical, particularly where stigma is high. Retention could be improved by systematically strengthening patient confidentiality protections throughout the healthcare system, providing patients with sufficient travel compensation and other incentives, and delivering wraparound services provided for free. Addressing these challenges will require ongoing advocacy for community-developed recommendations and solutions.
Polyethylene glycol precipitation is an efficient method to obtain extracellular vesicle-depleted fetal bovine serum
Authors: Wang Peng , Arntz Onno J. , Husch Johanna F. A. , Kraan P. M. Van der , Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. van den , van de Loo Fons A. J.
Published: December 2023

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell derived-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have gained interest as drug delivery nanoparticles, having immunoregulatory and potentiating tissue repair property. To maintain growth of MSCs and obtain pure MSC-derived EVs, the culture media should contain fetal bovine serum (FBS) devoid of EVs, as the presence of FBS EVs confounds the properties of MSC-EVs. Therefore, we tested three methods: 18h ultracentrifugation (UC) and ultrafiltration (UF), which are common FBS EV depletion methods in current MSC-EV research, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation to obtain three EV depleted FBS (EVdFBS) batches, and compared them to FBS and commercial (Com) EVdFBS on human adipose stem cell (hADSC) growth, differentiation, enrichment of EVs in hADSC supernatant and their biological function on collagen metabolism. Our comparative study showed UC and UF vary in terms of depletion efficiency and do not completely deplete EVs and affects the growth-promoting quality of FBS. Specifically, FBS EV depletion was comparable between PEG (95.6%) and UF (96.6%) but less by UC (82%), as compared to FBS. FBS protein loss was markedly different among PEG (47%), UF (87%), and UC (51%), implying the ratio of EV depletion over protein loss was PEG (2.03), UF (1.11), and UC (1.61). A significant decrease of TGFβ/Smad signaling, involving in MSC growth and physiology, was observed by UF. After 96 hours of exposure to 5% FBS or 5% four different EVdFBS cell growth media, the osteogenesis ability of hADSCs was not impaired but slightly lower mRNA expression level of Col2a observed in EVdFBS media during chondrogenesis. In consistent with low confluency of hADSCs observed by optical microscope, cell proliferation in response to 5% UF EVdFBS media was inhibited significantly. Importantly, more and purer ADSCs EVs were obtained from ADSCs cultured in 5% PEG EVdFBS media, and they retained bioactive as they upregulated the expression of Col1a1, TIMP1 of human knee synovial fibroblast. Taken together, this study showed that PEG precipitation is the most efficient method to obtain EV depleted FBS for growth of MSCs, and to obtain MSC EVs with minimal FBS EV contamination.
Comparison of the preconditioning effect of different exercise training modalities on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Mohammadkhani Reihaneh , Ranjbar Kamal , Salehi Iraj , Komaki Alireza , Zarrinkalam Ebrahim , Amiri Parsa
Published: December 2023

The study of exercise preconditioning can develop strategies to prevent cardiovascular diseases and outline the efficient exercise model. However, the exercise type with the most protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of three kinds of exercise preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in adult rats and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. Male Wistar rats subjected to ten weeks of endurance, resistance, and concurrent training underwent ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (120 min) induction. Then, infarction size, serum levels of the CK-MB, the redox status, and angiogenesis proteins (VEGF, ANGP-1, and ANGP-2) were measured in the cardiac tissue. Results showed that different exercise training modes have the same reduction effects on infarction size, but ischemia-reperfusion-induced CK-MB was lower in response to endurance training and concurrent training. Furthermore, cardiac VEGF levels increased in all three kinds of exercise preconditioning but ischemia-reperfusion-induced ANGP-1 elevated more in endurance training. The cardiac GPX activity was improved significantly through the resistance and concurrent exercise compared to the endurance exercise. In addition, all three exercise preconditioning models decreased MPO levels, and ischemia reperfusion-induced MDA was lower in endurance and resistance training. Overall, these results indicated that cardioprotection of exercise training against ischemia-reperfusion injury depends on the exercise modality. Cardioprotective effects of aerobic, resistance, and concurrent exercises are due to different mechanisms. The preconditioning effects of endurance training are mediated mainly by pervasive angiogenic responses and resistance training through oxidative stress amelioration. The preconditioning effects of concurrent training rely on both angiogenesis and oxidative stress amelioration.
The Drosophila drop-dead gene is required for eggshell integrity
Authors: Sheahan Tayler D. , Grewal Amanpreet , Korthauer Laura E. , Blumenthal Edward M.
Published: December 2023

The eggshell of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model for understanding the synthesis of a complex extracellular matrix. The eggshell is synthesized during mid-to-late oogenesis by the somatic follicle cells that surround the developing oocyte. We previously reported that female flies mutant for the gene drop-dead (drd) are sterile, but the underlying cause of the sterility remained unknown. In this study, we examined the role of drd in eggshell synthesis. We show that eggs laid by drd mutant females are fertilized but arrest early in embryogenesis, and that the innermost layer of the eggshell, the vitelline membrane, is abnormally permeable to dye in these eggs. In addition, the major vitelline membrane proteins fail to become crosslinked by nonreducible bonds, a process that normally occurs during egg activation following ovulation, as evidenced by their solubility and detection by Western blot in laid eggs. In contrast, the Cp36 protein, which is found in the outer chorion layers of the eggshell, becomes crosslinked normally. To link the drd expression pattern with these phenotypes, we show that drd is expressed in the ovarian follicle cells beginning in mid-oogenesis, and, importantly, that all drd mutant eggshell phenotypes could be recapitulated by selective knockdown of drd expression in the follicle cells. To determine whether drd expression was required for the crosslinking itself, we performed in vitro activation and crosslinking experiments. The vitelline membranes of control egg chambers could become crosslinked either by incubation in hyperosmotic medium, which activates the egg chambers, or by exogenous peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, neither treatment resulted in the crosslinking of the vitelline membrane in drd mutant egg chambers. These results indicate that drd expression in the follicle cells is necessary for vitelline membrane proteins to serve as substrates for peroxidase-mediated cross-linking at the end of oogenesis.
Promoting Hospitals’ Brand Reputation through Mobile Apps. A Quantitative Analysis about the Best Hospitals in Spain
Authors: Medina Aguerrebere Pablo , Medina Eva , Gonzalez Pacanowski Toni
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to evaluate how hospitals manage mobile applications to reinforce their relations with patients and promote their brands. To do that, we conducted a literature review about hospitals’ corporate communication, their branding initiatives, and their use of mobile apps for this purpose; then, we defined 36 indicators to quantitively analyze how the 150 best hospitals in Spain used mobile apps to promote their brands. We concluded that hospitals should follow a public health logic to develop mobile apps that contribute to establish a new communication paradigm among patients and doctors.
Radio Publicidad Burgalesa (1931-1933): la emisora que desplaza a Radio Castilla como pionera de la radiodifusión comercial de Burgos
Authors: Chomón Serna José María , Moreno Gallo Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2023

La literatura científica sostiene que Radio Castilla (EAJ-27), fundada en 1933 y emisora oficial de los sublevados en la Guerra Civil, fue la pionera en Burgos y en la Vieja Castilla. Esta investigación aporta que hubo dos anteriores. La primera, Radio Publicidad Burgalesa, del empresario Manuel Fuentes Almaraz. Cerró cuando Manuel Mata Villanueva y Fidel Martínez Saiz obtuvieron la autorización oficial para la emisora EAJ-27 (Radio Castilla). La segunda fue la radio de la Escuela Normal de Magisterio, un proyecto en onda extra corta que fue pionero en el uso de la radio como herramienta para la enseñanza.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotional and behavioral problems and sleep problems in adolescents
Authors: Medise Bernie Endyarni , Reza Maulana Okta , Devaera Yoga , Soebadi Amanda , Chozie Novie Amelia , Pudjiadi Antonius H
Published: December 2023

Background The asynchrony rapid phase of cognitive, physical and emotional development occurring in adolescence may result in various issues such as risk-taking behavior, psychosocial and emotional problems. School closure during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a tremendous change in adolescent lifestyle and habits, including sleep patterns. causing added challenges to adolescents’ emotional and behavioral problems.

Objective To identify the association between sleep disorders with emotional and behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and rural adolescents.

Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among adolescents aged 12-18 years from November to December 2021 in two provinces, DKI Jakarta and Riau Islands.  We recruited students consecutively from randomly selected junior and senior high schools. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to screen for emotional and behavioral problems and for sleep disorders, respectively. The questionnaires were sent electronically to each subject after obtaining parental consent.

Results There were 400 subjects included in our study, of which 64% were female. The prevalences of COVID-19 amongst subjects in urban and rural areas were COVID-19 12.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Emotional and behavioral disorders as well as sleep disorders were more common in rural than urban areas (13 vs. 11.5% and 50.5% vs. 38%; P=0.012, respectively).  Sleep disorders were associated with the SDQ subscales of emotional symptoms [PR 4.88 (95%CI 2.97 to 8.03); P<0.01), conduct problems [PR 3.71 (95%CI 1.53 to 9.04); P=0.02), hyperactivity/inattention [PR 6.05 (95%CI 2.58 to 16.17); P<0.01], and peer relationship problems [PR 3.28 (95%CI 1.33 to 8.09); P<0.01).

Conclusion Sleep disorders among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic were associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Adolescents who live in rural areas were more likely to have sleep disorders, emotional and behavioral problems.
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia and severe acute malnutrition as prognostic factors for postoperative complications in major abdominal surgery: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Haloho Lestarina Veronica , Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih , Paryanto Endy
Published: December 2023

Background Hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition are common factors that can adversely affect wound healing and increase the risk of postoperative infections. Improvements in albumin and preoperative nutritional status are expected to reduce the incidence of complications following postoperative abdominal surgery.

Objective To evaluate the roles of hypoalbuminemia and poor preoperative nutritional status as prognostic factors for postoperative complications in pediatric patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Methods This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years who underwent major abdominal surgery and were treated in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Dr. Sardjito Hospital between January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. The primary was the incidence of postoperative complications within 14 days after the surgical procedure.

Results Out of the 201 pediatric patients included in the study, 54.7% were male. We observed an overall complication rate of 21.3% following abdominal surgery, with sepsis as the most frequent, affecting 14.9% of the cases. On average, postoperative complications occurred approximately 10.9 days after surgery. Multivariate analysis identified severe acute malnutrition [hazard ratio (HR) 2.09 (95%CI 1.01 to 4.33); P=0.047], preoperative hypoalbuminemia of >2.5 to 3.0 g/dL [HR 3.64 (95%CI 1.57 to 8.41); P=0.003], preoperative hypoalbuminemia ?2.5 g/dL [HR 3.1 (95%CI 1.11 to 8.64); P=0.03], and age <1 year [HR 2.16 (95%CI 1.09 to 4.11); P=0.026] as significant prognostic factors for post-abdominal surgery complications in children.

Conclusion Preoperative severe acute malnutrition and preoperative hypoalbuminemia of ?3 g/dL are significant prognostic factors for the occurrence of postoperative complications in pediatric patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Infants less than one year of age are at increased risk of such complications.
Das missões humanitárias ao governo
Authors: Sarmento Gilmara Gomes da Silva
Published: December 2023

O artigo ora apresentado, pretende contribuir para o debate sobre a presença militar na política, enfocando o protagonismo das Forças Armadas nas missões humanitárias e suas conexões com a política. Para tanto, utilizo como fonte e objeto de análise jornais online e o material empírico da pesquisa de campo realizada entre 2018-2020, em diálogo com a bibliografia. Pretende-se discutir como a “Missão de Paz” no Haiti (2004 - 2017) e a “Operação Acolhida” em Roraima (2018-atual), confluem e/ou se inserem nos objetivos estratégicos de controle político das Forças Armadas. Tais missões ampliaram os recursos econômicos, sociais e simbólicos da corporação e de seus agentes que convertidos em capital político, se expressam na ocupação de cargos chave por militares integrantes dessas missões no atual governo e da ascensão desses atores a cargos de representação política.
Desyatov. Images of Epochs and Historical Periods in the Russian Culture of the 20th century. Basic Actions.
Authors: Десятов Вячеслав Владимирович
Published: December 2023

In the history of Russia of the 20th century, there are nine periods, each of which is represented in artistic culture by one or another action, type of activity, which can be called the main characteristics for these periods. The images of historical periods and epochs are determined by such dominant themes that have become established in art and have become (in the semiotic aspect of research) symbols of a particular time. For example, dance remained a relevant symbol of cultural self-determination on the principle of affirmation/denial for three periods: dance proper, war, and labor. The chosen approach allows us to detect rather intense historical and cultural dynamics. The artistic culture of Russia of the 20th century was aimed at identifying new processes in the social and private life of a person. The activity of several periods is connected with the philosophy of F. Nietzsche, the period of labor — with the philosophy of K. Marx. Russian art of the 20th century reflected not only the human activity, but also the rapid change of its prevailing types.
State Language: Debatable Research Questions
Authors: Batyushkina Marina
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze the study of topical problems of the study of the state language. Particular attention is paid to various approaches to understanding the phenomenon of the state language (functional style, a variety of the modern national literary language, the legal status of the national language). The correlation of the concepts “state language” / “national language” / “state language of the republic” / “official language”, etc. is shown. The transformation of the legal statuses of the Russian language and other languages of the peoples of Russia (in connection with the transformations of the 20th century - the beginning of the 21st century) is noted. A generalized description of aspects of the study of the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as the state languages of the republics, is given. Attention is focused on the novelties of the legislation. The prospects for interdisciplinary research of the state language are outlined. The methodology of Russian studies, sociolinguistics, legal linguistics is applied.
Averiguação da qualidade da água utilizada em agroindústrias de leite e derivados de um município do sudoeste do Paraná
Authors: Schons Diego , Lima Kely Priscila de
Published: December 2023

Atualmente um município do sudoeste do Paraná está em fase de adesão ao SUSAF (Sistema Unificado Estadual de Sanidade Agroindustrial Familiar, Artesanal e de Pequeno Porte) e para isso as agroindústrias que desejarem aderir devem seguir uma série de requisitos relacionados aos programas de autocontrole, de modo que garanta ao alimento a inocuidade, identidade, qualidade e a integridade por meio de procedimentos definidos pelo MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento). Desta forma, vista a importância dos programas de autocontrole, nos estabelecimentos de alimentos, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água utilizada nas agroindústrias de leite e derivados deste município, quanto a presença de coliformes totais e E. coli (Escherichia coli) assim como parâmetros de teor de cloro, pH e temperatura. Além disto, realizou-se a aplicação de um questionário correlacionado ao programa SUSAF, para compreender suas estruturas, bem como, o desenvolvimento de seus programas de autocontrole. Ao verificar os resultados em relação ao cloro residual, observa-se que os estabelecimentos não estão em conformidade com a legislação relativa aos padrões de potabilidade de água (BRASIL, 2021). No qual também foi identificado a presença de coliformes totais e E. coli na água utilizada nas empresas participantes, motivo de preocupação para o consumidor final, que acaba ficando exposto a possibilidade de contrair uma DTA (Doença Transmitida por Alimentos), esses resultados estão diretamente ligados com os programas de autocontrole desenvolvidos pela agroindústria ou pela falta da realização destes. Foi concluído que as agroindústrias que possuem o interesse em aderir ao SUSAF estão parcialmente adequadas, em relação aos aspectos de estrutura física, porém sugere[1]se que sejam reavaliados seus programas de autocontrole.
“ESSE LUGAR AQUI É A ILHA”
Authors: Lopes das Neves Gabrielle , Garcia Narjara Mendes
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tem por finalidade apresentar um recorte da dissertação de Mestrado desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental- PPGEA, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG. Apresentamos a proposta investigativa com as crianças que vivem em uma ilha e estudam em uma escola do campo. Este estudo corresponde a necessidade de ampliar e qualificar o diálogo e reflexão sobre territórios invisibilizados pelas produções teóricas, tendo como foco a perspectiva das crianças no lugar. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola do campo na Ilha dos Marinheiros, no extremo sul do Rio Grande do Sul, e a permanência na escola teve embasamento teórico metodológico na Inserção Ecológica, com o registro em diário de Campo e gravação de áudio.  Participaram da pesquisa quinze crianças da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados demonstram características singulares sobre as culturas infantis na ilha e que mobilizaram a visibilidade de infâncias em territórios litorâneos. Ao considerar o tempo-espaço na perspectiva das crianças, é possível identificar o lugar em que se situa a escola de ilha como um formador de subjetividades e experiências com a natureza na sua totalidade.
PERCEPÇÃO DA DISCIPLINA DE BIOLOGIA PELA COMUNIDADE DO CURSO TÉCNICO EM EDIFICAÇÕES NA MODALIDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Ferreira Filho Paulino , Paula da Silva Rosilene , Amaral da Fontoura Helena
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a percepção que a Comunidade do Curso Técnico em Edificações referente à Disciplina de Biologia. Os participantes foram a Professora de Biologia, a Chefe do Departamento de Área de Construção Civil, a Técnica em Assuntos Educacionais e alunos do Curso de Edificações, turmas de 1º e 3º semestre. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de estudo de caso, que utilizou questionário semiestruturado, observação neutra e análise de documentos. Observamos que os participantes entendem que os conteúdos tratados na disciplina Biologia têm grande relevância para a formação do Técnico em Edificações. Através da análise dos Planos de Ensino também verificamos algumas tentativas de relacionar a Biologia e a Construção Civil. A Técnica em Assuntos Educacionais apresentou um melhor entendimento da relação entre Biologia e Edificações, citando a busca por minimizar impactos causados pela obra no ambiente, além do planejamento e utilização de produtos e materiais corretamente nas construções. Isso pode ser fruto de sua formação, já que é licenciada em Biologia e atuou como professora na área. Para os alunos, estudar Biologia é importante, pois os leva a conhecer os seres vivos e o funcionamento do corpo, valorizando também o meio ambiente; entretanto alguns deles afirmaram que a Biologia não contribui em nada na sua formação como técnico. Inferimos então a necessidade de maior contextualização dos conteúdos de Biologia com as questões próprias da Área de Edificações.
A dimensão ambiental no percurso curricular do curso técnico em agropecuária
Authors: Silva Braga Lidiane , Renato Carola Carlos
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo, compartilhamos uma leitura ambiental do Projeto Pedagógico do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária, vinculado ao Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Campus Santa Rosa do Sul. Observamos a dimensão ambiental presente nos documentos oficiais do Curso e na legislação que define as atribuições e diretrizes da educação profissional, com o objetivo de problematizar a “dimensão socioambiental” ligadas as atividades agropecuárias no perfil de formação humana e profissional projetado no percurso curricular. Realizamos uma pesquisa documental com uma abordagem qualitativa e ferramentas teóricas da Educação Ambiental e da Teoria Crítica. No percurso formativo delineado, vimos uma dimensão ambiental fragmentada em atividades específicas e subordinada à racionalidade do desenvolvimento econômico e à demanda do mercado de trabalho.
As contribuições dos gêneros textuais midiáticos na educação ambiental crítica
Authors: Braga Flávia Tatiane Ruiz , Royer Marcia Regina Royer
Published: December 2023

A Educação Ambiental, enquanto tema de importância social, deve ser discutida de forma crítica dentro dos ambientes formais de ensino. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é evidenciar e refletir sobre como o ensino por meio de Gêneros Textuais Midiáticos potencializa a compreensão crítica sobre a Educação Ambiental (EA). Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva e teórica, buscou-se discutir sobre os objetos de estudos Educação Ambiental e Gêneros Textuais Midiáticos nas três instâncias da Educação: Ensino Fundamental, Médio e Superior. As fontes para obtenção de dados foram periódicos da área, dissertações e teses que discutem sobre o assunto. Foi possível compreender a importância que estes temas têm no ensino para a formação do cidadão. Considerando-se um aspecto fundamental a utilização de Gêneros Textuais Midiáticos para a discussão de temas tão importantes na sociedade como a Educação Ambiental.
A Educação Ambiental nas ações públicas de preservação do meio ambiente
Authors: Gemelli Borges da Silva Alexandre , Bordin Leandro
Published: December 2023

O artigo discute a forma como a Educação Ambiental está sendo compreendida e implementada pelas Secretarias de Meio Ambiente no âmbito da Associação dos Municípios do oeste de Santa Catarina. A proposta metodológica teve como base a pesquisa aplicada com abordagem quali-quantitativa e foi desenvolvida a partir de dois momentos: a pesquisa documental e o estudo de caso. A pesquisa documental analisou os Planos Municipais de Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos e, na sua especificidade, o capítulo destinado à Educação Ambiental. No estudo de caso, a coleta de informações foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionários aos gestores responsáveis pelas Secretarias de Meio Ambiente e as categorizações e análises decorrentes foram feitas, principalmente, com o emprego da metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo. Apesar de algumas importantes iniciativas desenvolvidas pelas Secretarias de Meio Ambiente, os resultados indicam que a forma como a Educação Ambiental está sendo compreendida e implementada por parte dos gestores ambientais, em grande medida, não possibilita a construção de análises críticas e o desenvolvimento de ações concretas que promovam na população um senso de corresponsabilidade pela prevenção e resolução dos problemas ambientais.
Processing of hyperspectral data
Authors:   , Hanuš Jan
Published: December 2023

Hyperspectral imagery is becoming increasingly important in remote sensing. Traditional airborne or ground-based hyperspectral imagery is more often complemented by satellite imagery. The technology for production and miniaturisation of hyperspectral sensors has advanced to the point where relatively high quality imagery can be acquired from unmanned airborne systems. In particular, this thesis focuses on hyperspectral airborne data and the methods used to acquire, process and analyse them. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the description and development of methods for the acquisition and processing of hyperspectral data. The second part deals with the use and analysis of the data produced by the hyperspectral laboratory. The research results were published in scientific journals or conference proceedings registered in the Web of Science database. The thesis is presented as a commented set of articles.
Numerical simulation of a novel small water turbine generator for installation in a deep-flow hydroponics system
Authors: Lahamornchaiyakul Werayoot
Published: December 2023

Hydroponics systems are crucial for providing sustainable and cost-effective choices when soils are unavailable for conventional farming. The application of water flow rates within hydroponics systems to generate electricity is another idea that can be used in the field of power generation. This paper presents the determination of the mechanical power efficiency of a novel small water turbine generator for use in a deep-flow hydroponics system (DFT). The system was designed, analysed, and calculated for the most suitable geometries of the water pipeline inlet, DFT system, main structure of the PVC Tee Pipe Fitting, and a water turbine wheel using computational fluid dynamics software. The diameter of the water turbine wheel in this research was 48 mm. A DFT hydroponic system was modelled for the purposes of this research. We conducted a numerical simulation with water flow rates of 6, 8, and 10 l/min to evaluate the turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the DFT hydroponic system. The numerical simulation employed the control volume methodology, and the k-epsilon turbulence model was applied to obtain the computational conclusions. The highest torque and power that a novel small water turbine for installation in a DFT system could generate at a maximum flow rate of 0.000167 m3/s were 0.082 N.m. and 1.9568 watts, respectively. The forces generated by the fluid's speed and pressure can then be transferred to the building process of a novel small water turbine wheel. The FEA numerical result shows that the maximum value of the total deformation at a wheel speed of 228 rpm is 7.0 x 10-5 mm. The numerical simulations used in this study could potentially be used to further develop prototypes for innovative miniature water turbines that generate commercial electricity.
On Shifting Social and Urban Landscapes in Uruk under Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur II
Authors: Sandowicz Małgorzata , Wunsch Cornelia , Zawadzki Stefan
Published: December 2023

This paper discusses a small dossier of four documents concerning a house that stood in Neo-Babylonian Uruk. These documents, among which are two previously unpublished texts, offer a rare opportunity to follow the history of one property and one neighborhood over a period of more than half a century. Apart from supplying unique long-term data on property prices in Uruk, the dossier provides insight into various social and political changes that shaped Uruk’s urban landscape in the late seventh and early sixth centuries BC. In particular, it contributes to the evidence concerning a dramatic purge of Uruk elites that took place in the middle of Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur (Nebuchadnezzar) II’s reign.
BER performance analysis of MWIR and SWIR FSO links utilizing aperture averaging technique considering turbulence and various visibility situations with pointing errors
Authors: Mukherjee Shibabrata , Paul Sujoy , Mazumdar Saswati
Published: December 2023

The atmospheric turbulence and various weather situations deteriorate the system performance of free space optical (FSO) communication. In this article, the ‘bit error rate’ (BER) performance of the ‘mid wavelength infrared’ (MWIR) and ‘short wavelength infrared’ (SWIR) FSO link has been evaluated utilizing the aperture averaging approach with pointing errors in the presence of turbulence and different visibility scenario like fog, haze, clear weather, etc. The transmitter and receiver are 6 km apart, the modulation method is on off keying (OOK), and several aperture sizes at the receiver side have been taken into consideration for the aperture averaging approaches, such as 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm. Additionally, for analysis of the pointing error of both the wavelengths of the FSO link, different beam divergence angle of the transmitter (laser) has been considered. The BER performance is improved with optimum beam divergence angles. The optimization of the divergence angle is independent of wavelengths and visibility conditions. However, the BER has increased more below the optimized divergence angle compared to a larger angle. The MWIR link performs well in poor visibility conditions like fog, whereas the SWIR link fails for the same link distance in both conditions with and without pointing errors.
The crystal structure of 2,2-di(thiophen-3-yl)-1-tosyl-1,2-dihydro-2λ4,3λ4-[1,3,2]diazaborolo[4,5,1-ig]quinoline, C24H19BN2O2S3
Authors: Ding Siyi
Published: December 2023

C24H19BN2O2S3, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.9768(6) Å, b = 9.0258(4) Å, c = 18.3256(8) Å, β = 104.763°, V = 2235.49(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0406, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1156, T = 193 K.
Local languages and the linguistic landscape: the visibility and role of Sardinian in town entry and street name signs
Authors: Mura Piergiorgio
Published: December 2023

The present study deals with the presence and role of the Sardinian language in the linguistic landscape of sixteen villages in the province of Oristano, Sardinia. Specifically, their entry signs and street name signs were photographed and analysed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the entry signs, Sardinian was found to have a very strong presence, generating a high degree of bilingualism with Italian, as recommended by national and regional language policies. Systematic bilingualism could not, however, be observed in the street name signs, where Italian clearly prevails. Notwithstanding, the local language is visible in around a quarter of all street name signs. Complying with the provisions of national and regional legislations, Sardinian is used in the majority of street signs to recall the historical memory of the communities. Nonetheless, signs could be found where Sardinian is used in parallel bilingual texts to express exactly the same content as Italian, fostering a modern vision of the minority language. The present work shows how top-down language policies can be locally implemented or re-interpreted in the linguistic landscape; moreover, the article sheds light on how street naming can be exploited to influence society’s perception of minority languages and convey messages of local or regional/national identity.
The sociolinguistics of Luxembourgish football language: A case study of contact-induced lexical variation in a complex multilingual society
Authors: Conrad François
Published: December 2023

Luxembourgish is a Germanic language in Western Europe situated on the Germanic-Romance language border. The centuries-long multilingualism, that has included German and French as main contact languages, has led to much variation on all linguistic levels, yielding lexical doublets – contact-induced synonym pairs. The study presents the results from the online Lëtzebuerger Futtballsprooch ‘Luxembourgish football language’ survey (n = 1189 participants), set up to analyze the distribution of the variants of lexical doublets in the special language of football in order to exemplify the mechanisms of contact-induced lexical variation in Luxembourgish as a whole. The variation is correlated with sociodemographic and language biographical factors (quantitative analysis, beta regression). The study also introduces linguistic orientation as an overarching factor for the individual language biography that is useful to model the positioning of individuals in relation to the contact languages involved in a complex multilingual society. The results reveal a societal trend towards Germanic variants linked to the linguistic orientation of the participants towards German, mirroring sociolinguistic dynamics and changes.
University autonomy and the increasing shift to English in academic programmes at European universities: In dialogue with Liviu Matei
Authors: Nao Marion , Wingrove Peter , Yuksel Dogan , Zuaro Beatrice , Hultgren Anna Kristina
Published: December 2023

This paper centres on a dialogue with Liviu Matei, Professor of Higher Education and Public Policy at Kings College London, which aims to transcend sociolinguistic disciplinary boundaries by exploring the increasing use of English for higher education academic programmes at European universities within the context of university autonomy. Once Provost of the Central European University, forced to move from Hungary to Austria when its institutional autonomy was increasingly infringed by the state, Liviu Matei’s academic work combines intellectual acuteness with experience, further deepened in the practice of consultation and applied policy research for influential international bodies and organisations, including the Council of Europe and the European Commission. With him, we consider in novel ways the role that legal reform granting a regulated autonomy to universities accompanied by a more corporate style of higher education governance may have played in the rampant growth in recent decades of English language academic programmes in the now European Higher Education Area (EHEA). We reflect on the historical and public policy contexts out of which English as a medium of instruction (EMI) arose, the regulated autonomy of universities by ministerial practices of steering at a distance, and widely obtaining political epistemologies and policy narratives.
Clauses Providing Possibility of Choice in International Treaties
Authors: Takó Dalma
Published: December 2023

The use of clauses that provide possibility of choice is explicitly permitted in the law of treaties, whereby international treaties can provide the contracting states various ways to shape the content of the agreement according to their national needs and interests. Although these clauses can be found in many international treaties, they have not been examined in detail so far. In order to remedy this deficiency, the paper gives a definition for the clauses, presents the examples found in international treaties, creates a categorisation of these examples, analyses the rules governing the application of the clauses and examines the limits of their application. With the help of these issues, the study aims to provide an insight into the specific features of these provisions, the mechanisms by which they operate and to reveal the reasons of their use.
Between morality and discrimination by public administration: the case of so-called ‘LGBT free zones’ in Poland
Authors: Romańska Marta , Cebera Agata , Firlus Jakub Grzegorz
Published: December 2023

In recent years in Poland, local authorities were eager to express their views on ideological and moral issues. These statements were not mere declarations of a group of councilors (politicians) but administrative rule-making. The so-called LGBT-free zones have gained particular attention within the EU borders and abroad. These resolutions are of mixed i.e. normative and political characteristics. Moreover, the contribution seeks an answer to whether there is a legal basis for issuing such a resolution and whether it complies with EU law and the case law of the CJUE and ECHR. The analysis also covers a judicial review of resolutions issued by municipalities. Finally, it was described how the activities of the Polish accountability network contributed to a shift in EU policy regarding the protection of underrepresented groups.
ЛЕГО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ЗАСІБ МАТЕМАТИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: LIUBYVA VITALINA , PONOMARENKO KARINA
Published: December 2023

Для більшості з нас галузі науки, техніки та математики є або такими, що захоплюють і надихають, або надзвичайно складними концепціями. Вони часто отримують репутацію «жорстких» наук. Жорсткий, як у значенні для розуміння і вивчення, так і з репутацією жорсткого, тобто такого, який залишає дуже мало місця для творчості або уяви. На думку авторів статті, технології LEGO сприяють тому, щоб і діти, і дорослі були захоплені наукою, зокрема математикою.

У статті наголошується, що для закладів дошкільної освіти використання LEGO конструктора з метою формування математичної компетентності в дітей старшого дошкільного віку є ефективним освітнім рішенням, а особливо в умовах пандемії COVID-19, оскільки заняття з LEGO-конструктором можна з легкістю впроваджувати дистанційно. Автори доводіть, що такі заняття розпалюють природну цікавість дітей, допомагаючи їм розвинути необхідні навички спілкування, творчості, співпраці та критичного мислення у цікавій і захоплюючій формі. У викладеному дослідженні описано, що гнучкі рішення ростуть разом з дітьми, коли вони вирішують проблеми і виявляють, як наука, техніка, інженерія та математика впливають на їхнє повсякденне життя.
Análisis de la discriminación por perfilado lingüístico durante la atención telefónica para acceder a la vivienda de alquiler en España
Authors: Méndez Santos María del Carmen , Carofiglio Francesca , Casal Cutillas Claudia , Dimari Efihia , Duñabeitia Landaburu Jon Andoni , Espiritusanto Lisandra , Khiari Amina , Pölkki Emma , Komura Miyuna
Published: December 2023

Este estudio busca determinar si existe discriminación lingüística hacia individuos percibidos como extranjeros por perfilado de su forma de hablar cuando llaman para acceder a pisos de alquiler. Trabajos anteriores apuntan a que esto es posible y ocurre en otros países. Nuestra investigación se basa en 288 llamadas telefónicas a anuncios de alquiler en tres ciudades con altos números de migración o turismo y otras tres que no. Se trazó un personaje homogéneo que todas las llamantes interpretaron para evitar que aspectos sociales o laborales fuesen distractores. En total, 8 potenciales candidatas hicieron 36 llamadas cada una. Dos de ellas hablaban una variedad peninsular y otra tenía origen dominicano. En este caso se quería comparar la diferencia de éxito entre diferentes variedades del español. También queríamos contrastar el efecto nativo y diferentes tipos de nacionalidades, por eso, el resto de llamantes eran de origen árabe, japonés, finlandés, alemán e italiano. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencia entre nativas de español de diferentes variedades a la hora de acceder a oportunidades de visitar un piso. Tampoco se encuentra con hablantes de origen europeo. Sin embargo, las llamantes arabófona y japonesa tuvieron menos oportunidades de ver pisos y peor calidad de atención en las llamadas.
¿Es posible una teoría de Relaciones Internacionales?
Authors: PEÑAS ESTEBAN Francisco Javier
Published: December 2023

Siempre habrá dos historias que contar de las relaciones internacionales. Una que explique estructuras y procesos, y otra que comprenda las acciones de los individuos y de los agregados sociales. Pero siempre ha sido la primera de estas historias la que ha dominado la disciplina, olvidando los significados que las relaciones internacionales tienen para los Estados y para otros actores de la política mundial.
Resistencias teóricas y prácticas a la integración de la metodología feminista en la disciplina de Relaciones Internacionales
Authors: NICOLÁS Monike
Published: December 2023

Las aportaciones del feminismo a las Relaciones Internacionales constituyen una de las fuentes de renovación más importantes de la actual teoría internacional, aunque estas aportaciones han generado una serie de resistencias a la transversalización de la metodología feminista en la disciplina. En este artículo se plantean la reflexión en torno al porqué de esta resistencia tratando de responder cinco cuestiones:
1. ¿Por qué en todas las sociedades las mujeres son discriminadas política, social y económicamente en relación a los hombres?, y ¿en qué medida las relaciones de poder desiguales de los sexos se apoyan tanto en el sistema internacional de estados, como en los mecanismos que contribuyen a la distribución selectiva de la prosperidad en la economía global?
2. ¿Por qué el feminismo y las metodologías feministas se presentan en el marco de la disciplina de Relaciones Internacionales (RRII), como perspectivas alternativas, complementarias, distintas, menores, o incluso superiores, creando jerarquías artificiales?
3. ¿Por qué se centran los debates en la autojustificación recurrente de la consistencia teórica de tales enfoques, y apenas en lo que puede suponer para la renovación de las RRII la integración transversal del análisis de género, y no la mera agregación de las aportaciones del feminismo al menú de los diversos enfoques teóricos de la disciplina?
4. ¿Por qué se representa esa integración de la que hablamos como un camino aún por recorrer, frágil, alternativo o pendiente de aprobación; a menudo consumido en debates internos, sin herramientas metodológicas, y desprovisto de la legitimidad suficiente para convertirse en un eje transversal de la renovación epistemológica de las RRII?
5)¿Cómo negar que las numerosas aportaciones feministas, por encima de su diversidad de enfoques y planteamientos, identifican una carencia nuclear de la disciplina que distorsiona nuestra capacidad de comprensión de la realidad de las relaciones internacionales?
El poder autónomo del estado: sus orígenes, mecanismos y resultados
Authors: MANN Michael
Published: December 2023

Este artículo fue publicado inicialmente en inglés en la revista Archives Europénnes de Sociologie en 1984, y posteriormente en la compilación de trabajos de Michael Mann States, war and capitalism: studies in political sociology. Retomamos aquí la traducción al castellano de Pablo Sánchez León, publicada en 1991 en la revista Zona Abierta. Mann defiende en este artículo que “el Estado es mera y esencialmente una arena, un espacio y que no obstante ésta es la fuente misma de su autonomía.
Guerra y construcción del estado como crimen organizado
Authors: TILLY Charles
Published: December 2023

Hay una analogía entre la guerra, la construcción del estado y el crimen organizado en la historia de los últimos siglos en Europa. Los diferentes usos de la fuerza han tenido un papel central en la historia de las autoridades europeas. Así, la emergencia de los estados-nación fue el resultado de la ordenación de la violencia organizada a través de cuatro actividades: la guerra, la construcción del estado, la protección y la extracción.
"Sistemas de guerra: local y global", en Endless wars? Hidden functions of the 'war on terror', Capítulo 3, Pluto Press, Londres, 2006
Authors: KEEN David
Published: December 2023

Muchas guerras civiles contemporáneas pueden entenderse mejor como sistemas en vez de como contiendas. La suposición habitual es que el objetivo es “ganar”. Sin embargo, los objetivos en una guerra son bastante numerosos, con muchos de los actores más importantes estando más interesados en manipular (y quizás incluso en prolongar) una guerra declarada que en conseguir una victoria militar. Este capítulo trae algunos elementos de las guerras civiles en la comprensión de la “guerra contra el terror” global: significativamente, la “guerra contra el terror” y las guerras civiles contemporáneas comparten muchas de las mismas dinámicas. Algunas de estas similitudes parecen ser inherentes a la idea misma de “guerra” y a la legitimidad que habitualmente otorga a diversas formas de violencia. Otras similitudes reflejan el hecho de que fuerzas globales similares han ayudado a dar forma tanto a las guerras civiles contemporáneas como a la actual “guerra contra el terror”.
"Alternativas estratégicas en torno al petróleo y el gas natural", en Petróleo y gas en la geoestrategia mundial, Akal, Madrid, 2009
Authors: PALAZUELOS Enrique
Published: December 2023

Este capítulo inicial del libro de Enrique Palazuelos Petróleo y gas en la geoestrategia mundial, presenta en primer lugar, la polarización de los procesos de producción y consumo de petróleo y gas, que dan lugar al aumento del comercio internacional de ambos hidrocarburos. En segundo lugar, expone los diferentes elementos que pueden formar parte de las respectivas estrategias de importación y de exportación, de modo que tanto en el seno de los países productores como en el de los consumidores se pueden plantear distintas vías alternativas para defender sus respectivos intereses. La elección de esas alternativas es la que permite establecer una gradación de escenarios de mayor/menor colaboración versus conflicto entre productores y consumidores, o bien en el interior de uno u otro grupo, según cuáles sean las opciones que se adopten.