bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Selenase on Inflammatory and Cytoprotective Markers in Experimental Chronic Generalized Periodontitis
Authors: Salnykov Valerii , Belenichev Igor , Samura Iryna
Published: October 2024

Epidemiological studies in recent decades have revealed a significant increase in the number of patients with periodontal diseases leading to tooth loss. Modern realities require improvement of drug treatment of periodontitis. The antioxidant Selenase, selenium derivative, is an interesting treatment strategy for periodontitis. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the healing effectiveness of Selenase in rats with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) by its effect on markers of inflammation and cytoprotection. Experimental CGP was modulated in Wistar rats by a calcium-deficient diet with the inclusion of a prooxidant. Selenase (50 mcg/kg) and Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, 250 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically for 30 days. Levels of IL-1β, HIF-1α, HSP70, and TNF-α were determined in the blood after treatment using the enzyme immunoassay method. Experimental CGP was characterized by the development of hyperemia, swelling, and bleeding of the gums; mobility of teeth; and gingival pockets up to 8 mm against the background of increased inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α), and molecular markers of cytoprotection (HIF-1α, HSP70) in the blood, indicating a homeostatic response of the periodontium in response to inflammation and subsequent hypoxia. Administration of Selenase to rats with CGP produced pronounced healing effects: the reduction in the depth of periodontal pockets by 42.55 %, cessation of bleeding, and disappearance of swelling against the background of a decrease of inflammatory markers: IL-1β – by 44.6 %, and TNF-α – by 65.9 % (p < 0.05). HIF-1α increased by 36.8 %, and HSP70 – by 71.1 % compared to those of the control group, which was not given the treatment (p < 0.05). The results obtained suggest a significant influence of Selenase on HSP70-dependent mechanisms of endogenous cytoprotection. The results of the study found that the use of Selenase in experimental CGP is more effective than Mexidol.
Evaluation of Ki67 Biomarker as a Prognostic Marker in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Khartoum State in Sudan
Authors: Elzubair Qubaa Ahmed , Alfaki Mohamed , Ahmed Musaab Ahmed , Sukar Khalid , Mohammed Sara , Zayyad Sofiyat , Elnour Salma , Mohamed Salma , Babiker Abdalraheem , Babker Asaad , Abdalhadi Alaa , Ismail Marwan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women to be diagnosed, and it is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality, coming in second only to lung cancer. High levels of Ki67, a nuclear marker of cell proliferation, in breast cancer are linked to worse outcomes. Methods and materials: This retrospective cross-sectional laboratory investigation aimed to examine Ki67 expression as a prognostic predictor in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) utilizing manual tissue microarrays (MTMAs) technology. The study was done from June 2018 to July 2019 at the Elrahman Health Centre in Khartoum, Sudan, using thirty-five paraffin block samples collected from patients previously diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The study population ranged in age from 31 to 71 years. Results: The study found that 94.3% (n=33/35) of the tissues were positive for the Ki67 antigen, while 5.7% (n=2/35) were negative. Age and score correlation is (P=0.047), and a favorable prognosis could be the cause of the two unfavorable results. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of the Ki67 biomarker as a prognostic indicator in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. High levels of Ki67 expression (94.3%) were associated with more aggressive tumors and poorer prognostic outcomes. However, there was no significant correlation between Ki67 scores and patient age, indicating age does not influence the prognostic value of Ki67 in this cohort.
Optical Networking Gym: an open-source toolkit for resource assignment problems in optical networks
Authors: Natalino Carlos , Magalhães Talles , Arpanaei Farhad , Lobato Fabricio R. L. , Costa João C. W. A. , Hernández José Alberto , Monti Paolo
Published: October 2024

The dynamic provisioning of optical network services
requires algorithms to find a
suitable solution given the specific service requirements and the
current network state. These algorithms are usually evaluated using a
software simulator developed ad hoc, which may require different
levels of detail depending on the problem addressed and how realistic
the evaluation needs to be. Moreover, to demonstrate they are a
significant contribution to the field, these new algorithms must be
benchmarked against the best-performing previously proposed solutions.
Due to the large set of parameters and their wide range of possible
values, benchmarking algorithms from the literature is not
straightforward and can quickly become challenging and time-consuming.
This work introduces the Optical Networking
Gym, an open-source toolkit that simplifies implementing
optical resource assignment simulations and benchmarking new solutions
against previously published algorithms. The toolkit provides
environments modeling relevant optical networking scenarios, common
algorithms for solving problems related to these scenarios, and a set
of scripts to prepare and execute simulations for various use cases.
Currently, four environments are available, with the possibility of
increasing this number through contributions from the co-authors and
the community. This paper describes the architecture, interface,
environments, and scripts included with the toolkit. We adopt the
quality of transmission (QoT)-aware dynamic resource allocation of
optical services as the network scenario under examination. Three use
cases highlight the toolkit’s modularity, flexibility, and
performance. The toolkit allows researchers to streamline the process
of developing simulation scenarios and algorithms, enhancing their
ability to benchmark their algorithms.
Traveling wave mode analysis of a coherence collapse regime semiconductor laser with optical feedback
Authors: Radziunas Mindaugas , Kane Deborah M.
Published: October 2024

A highly developed traveling wave model for a semiconductor laser system supports sophisticated mode analysis of the coherence collapse regime in semiconductor lasers with delayed optical feedback. The concept of instantaneous optical modes is used. Time-frequency representations of chaotic trajectories are constructed and interpreted. This involves synthesizing the calculated optical modes with their corresponding steady states, analysis of the mode driving and coupling sources, and field expansion into modal components. The results support detailed physical interpretation of the optical and radiofrequency spectra throughout the coherence collapse regime. This includes simulation results for the transition out of coherence collapse at high optical feedback. Also key frequencies observed in the radiofrequency spectrum of the chaotic output are linked to the modes that mix to generate them.
Enhancing axial resolution in dermoscopy using an RGB flat lens
Authors: Rehman Aqeel ur , Khalid Ramna , Javed Isma , Chani Muhammad Tariq Saeed , Zubair Muhammad , Cabrera Humberto , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim
Published: October 2024

Dermoscopy is a diagnostic tool in biomedical science, enabling non-invasive, high-resolution imaging for early detection and diagnosis of skin diseases. Although there have been considerable improvements in functionality and applications of dermoscopy, enhancement of depth-of-focus (DOF) for detailed imaging of multiple layers of skin needs to be addressed. High axial length improves the diagnostic function by providing a more comprehensive understanding of subsurface structures and abnormalities. We have proposed a flat lens solution for enhanced axial resolution that aids in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions, improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. This study presents an all-dielectric design of a metalens, which uses titanium dioxide (TiO2) to simultaneously achieve maximum transmission and extended axial resolution. Our designed metalens are optimized for broadband visible light regimes from 488 nm to 633 nm, offering enhanced imaging performance across this broad spectral range. Using an extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) metalens, this study has enabled healthcare experts to substantially enhance the axial resolution of dermoscopy. This results in the ability to scan the dermis and epidermis skin layers in real time for diagnosis. This technology of metalens integration into medical engineering increases real-time imaging in medical diagnostics, offering improved accuracy and axial resolution in dermoscopy examinations.
Deterministic and robust soliton crystal generation
Authors: Moss David
Published: October 2024

The deterministic generation of robust soliton comb has significant meaning for the optical frequency combs to be widely used in various applications. As a novel form of microcomb, Soliton crystal holds the advantages of easy generation, high conversion efficiency, and excellent thermal robustness. Here, we report the turnkey deterministic generation of ‘Palm-like’ soliton crystal with a free-running scheme. The robustness of the turnkey soliton crystal generation is also investigated in multiple aspects, including the success rate, the thermal robustness, and the long-term stability. The experiment results reveal our turnkey soliton crystal can achieve nearly a 100% success rate with a power variation less than ±1.5 dB over one hundred trials of two samples, is insensitive to thermal effects, and is robust to the environment during four-hour laboratory time.
Sexist textbooks: Automated analysis of gender bias in 1,255 books from 34 countries
Authors: Crawfurd Lee , Saintis-Miller Christelle , Todd Rory
Published: October 2024

Textbooks play a critical role in schooling around the world. Small sample studies show that many books continue to under-represent women and girls, and to portray men and women in stereotypical gendered roles. In this paper, we use quantitative text analysis to assess the degree of gender bias in a newly assembled corpus of 1,255 English language school textbooks from 34 countries that are publicly available online. We find consistent patterns of under-representation of female characters and portrayal of stereotypical gendered roles. Women and girls appear less frequently, are portrayed as more passive, are less likely to be associated with work or achievement, and are more likely to be associated with the home and traditionally female occupations. Comparing across countries, female representation in books is correlated with higher GDP and more legal rights for women. Under-representation and stereotypes are a particular problem in South Asia.
Quantification of threats to bats at localized spatial scales for conservation and management
Authors: Myers Brian M. , Stokes Drew C. , Preston Kristine L. , Fisher Robert N. , Vandergast Amy G.
Published: October 2024

In a rapidly changing world, where species conservation needs vary by local habitat, concentrated conservation efforts at small spatial scales can be critical. Bats provide an array of value to the ecosystems they inhabit; many bat species are also of conservation concern. San Diego County, California, contains 22 of the 41 bat species that occur in the United States, 16 of which are on conservation watchlists. Thus, management of bat communities in San Diego County is a pressing need. Because bats exploit vast areas of the landscape and historical sampling strategies have shifted over time, a standardized way of prioritizing areas of the landscape for management would provide an integral asset to bat conservation. We leveraged long-term bat community survey data from sampling areas across San Diego County to prioritize areas with the most management need. We calculated two types of scores: species scores and threat scores. Species scores incorporated richness and conservation status, and threat scores included landscape level threats that bats could encounter. We found that urbanization, the presence of artificial lights, and areas sampled on unconserved land were all significantly associated with decreases in species richness. Further, using species and threat scores, each sampling area was placed into one of four conservation categories, in order from greatest to least conservation need, ranging from highest priority (high species score, high threat score) to lowest (low species score, low threat score). Additionally, we focused on sampling areas in which Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) and/or pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) occurred. These two species are of exceptional conservation concern in San Diego County and across the western United States. We identified urbanization, the presence of artificial lights, and areas sampled on unconserved land as threats that were all significantly associated with the absence of Townsend’s big-eared bat, but not pallid bat. The strategy, methodology, and solutions proposed in our study should assist bat conservation and management efforts wherever bats occur, and can be extended to other species that require conservation attention.
The RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) trial: Findings from a mixed-methods process evaluation of the Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation (ESSVR) intervention
Authors: Clarke David James , Powers Katie , Trusson Diane , Craven Kristelle , Phillips Julie , Holmes Jain , McKevitt Christopher , Bowen Audrey , Watkins Caroline Leigh , Farrin Amanda J. , Wright-Hughes Alexandra , Sach Tracey , Chambers Rachel , Radford Kate
Published: October 2024

Introduction

A key goal for working age stroke survivors is to return to work, yet only around 50% achieve this at 12 months. Currently, there is limited evidence of effectiveness of early stroke-specialist vocational rehabilitation (ESSVR) interventions from randomised controlled trials. This study examined fidelity to ESSVR and explored social and structural factors which may have influenced implementation in the RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) randomised controlled trial.

Methods

Mixed-methods process evaluation assessing intervention fidelity and incorporating longitudinal case-studies exploring stroke survivors’ experiences of support to return to work. Normalisation Process Theory, and the Conceptual Model for Implementation Fidelity, informed data collection and analysis.

Results

Sixteen sites across England and Wales participated in RETAKE. Forty-eight occupational therapists (OTs), supported by 6 mentors experienced in vocational rehabilitation (VR), delivered the intervention (duration 12 months) between February 2018 and April 2022. Twenty-six participants (15 ESSVR, 11 usual care (UC)) were included in longitudinal case-studies. An additional 18 participants (8 ESSVR and 10 UC) were interviewed once. Nineteen OTs, 6 mentors and 19 service managers were interviewed. Fidelity was measured for 39 ESSVR participants; mean fidelity score was 78.8% (SD:19.2%, range 31–100%). Comparison of the experiences of ESSVR and UC participants indicated duration and type of support to return to work were perceived to be better for ESSVR participants. They received early, co-ordinated support including employer liaison and workplace adjustments where appropriate. In contrast, UC participants reported limited or no VR or return to work support from health professionals. Typically, UC support lasted 2–8 weeks, with poor communication and co-ordination between rehabilitation providers. Mentor support for OTs appeared to increase fidelity. Service managers indicated ESSVR would enhance post-stroke services.

Conclusions

ESSVR was valued by participants and was delivered with fidelity; implementation appeared to be facilitated by mentor support for OTs.
Identification of a senescence-related transcriptional signature to uncover molecular subtypes and key genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Xiaorong , Liu Fahui , Gong Qiming
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer caused by abnormal cell growth due to faulty signal transduction. Cells secrete tumor suppressor factors in response to potential carcinogenic signals, inducing cellular senescence (CS) as a countermeasure. However, accurately measuring CS levels in different types of tumors is challenging due to tumor heterogeneity and the lack of universal and specific CS markers. Machine learning has revealed unique molecular traits in HCC patients, leading to clinical advantages. More research is needed to understand senescence-related molecular features in these patients. In this study, the gene expression profile features of patients with HCC were analyzed by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA-seq datasets from HCC samples. The analysis identified the senescence-related pathways exhibiting HCC specificity. Subsequently, genes from these pathways were used to identify senescence-related molecular subtypes in HCC, showing significant variations in biological and clinical attributes. An HCC-specific CS risk model developed in this study revealed substantial associations between the patients’ CS scores and prognosis grouping, clinical staging, immune infiltration levels, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity levels. Within the constructed model, G6PD was identified as a key gene, potentially serving as a senescence-related target in liver cancer. Molecular biology experiments demonstrated that overexpression of G6PD effectively promotes the proliferative, invasive, and migration capacities of HepG2 and SK-HEP-1 cells. In conclusion, this analysis offers a valuable framework for understanding senescence in HCC and introduces a new biomarker. These findings improve our understanding of senescence in HCC and have potential for future research.
Patient Story: Filmmaker Kailee McGee Documents her Cancer Treatment Journey
Authors:   Sunvalley Communication, LLC / Onco'Zine, Garcia Danielle
Published: October 2024

After her stage 4 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC-) diagnosis, independent filmmaker Kailee McGee decided not to leave her director’s chair. Instead, she leaned in and produced an award-winning short film about her experience.
Jób könyvének ókori szellemi öröksége
Authors: Papp Szilvia Anikó
Published: October 2024

Jób könyve az ókortól kezdve inspirálta és inspirálja nemcsak a teológiai-filozófiai gondolkodást, hanem a művészeteket, ezen belül az irodalom sokféle műfaját is. Számos parafrázisa, kiegészítése, átírása, dramatizálása, más korszakba helyezett narratívája született. Sok közülük olyan, amely az eredeti műben felvetett teodíceai kérdésekre markáns, radikális, a Tanach szövegével szembeforduló választ ad. Jób könyve egyik ókori szövegváltozata Jób testamentuma, amely elsősorban Jób könyvének a Septuaginta - beli változatával mutat rokonságot és merőben eltér a Tanach Jób könyvének mind struktúrájától, narratívájától mind mondanivalójától, ebből következően műfajától is. Tanulmányomban Jób testamentumát és Jób könyvét vetem össze elsősorban a bennük foglalt világszemlélet, istenfelfogás szempontjából
irodalmi barátnő
Authors: Szilágyi Judit
Published: October 2024

Füst Milán rendkívül gazdag irodalmi hagyatéka nem csupán a szerző életének és pályájának részletes feltárását teszi lehetővé, de számos, korszakában fontos, mára mégis kevéssé ismert szereplő megismerése felé is utat nyit. A „magányos prófétának” ugyanis voltak barátai, akikneklevelei, megküldött művei éppen Füst anyagai között maradtak fenn. Kernách Ilona, a Nyugat egyik első női szerzője volt.
Feleségem története
Authors: Boldog Zoltán
Published: October 2024

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Ilia Mihály Tanárúr születésnapi köszöntése
Authors: Cserjés Katalin
Published: October 2024

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BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Authors: FALAYE TEMITOPE EZEKIEL
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the current state and challenges of business management in Nigeria's electricity sector. With an unstable power supply system and underperforming infrastructure, the Nigerian electricity sector has been in a state of dysfunction for decades. Through an analysis of the management framework and policies governing the sector, this study identifies the root causes of inefficiencies and provides a roadmap to overcome them. Using data-driven methodologies, this paper evaluates the historical context, ongoing reforms, and performance indicators within the sector. Key recommendations include prioritizing regulatory independence, fostering investment in infrastructure, and improving operational efficiency.
Study of an inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine: clinical protection and immunogenicity
Authors: Tendrinarisoa Randriamamisolonirina , Maminiaina Olivier Fridolin , RAZAFINDRAFARA Mirantsoa Suzanne , RAMILIJAONA Vololomihanta Marianne
Published: October 2024

La maladie de Newcastle (MN) est une maladie virale responsable de 44% de mortalité dans les élevages avicoles villageois à Madagascar. Des vaccins vivants sont utilisés pour prévenir cette maladie à Madagascar. Cependant, le devenir de ces souches vivantes dans la nature est préoccupant puisque les oiseaux vaccinés peuvent toujours excréter des virus virulents et représenter ainsi un danger pour les troupeaux non vaccinés. Ainsi, la présente étude vise à développer un vaccin inactivé contre la maladie de Newcastle à partir de souches circulantes et à évaluer la protection clinique et l’immunogénicité induite. Une souche circulante nommée MG-1992 a été utilisée. Dans un premier temps, la multiplication et le titrage de la souche sur œuf embryonné de 9 à 11 jours sont réalisés. Le test d’infectiosité ainsi que l’inactivation de la souche sont ensuite réalisés. Ensuite, la conception d’un vaccin inactivé appelé « MG92–ISA71 » utilisant la souche MG-1992 et l’adjuvant Montanide™ ISA71 VG est également réalisée. Enfin, une analyse de la protection clinique et de l'immunogénicité induite par ce vaccin prototype est réalisée. La souche MG-1992 a un titre hémagglutinant de 9 log2 et un titre d'infectiosité de 10
8,5 EID
50 /0,1 ml. Le suivi clinique a indiqué que le vaccin prototype offre une bonne protection des poulets contre la morbidité et la mortalité. De plus, il présente une immunogénicité élevée. Pour conclure, le vaccin inactivé « MG92-ISA71 » conçu dans la présente étude induit une bonne protection clinique et une immunogénicité élevée des poulets contre la ND. À l'avenir, il est nécessaire de poursuivre l'évaluation de ce vaccin en étudiant la stérilité, la sécurité, la stabilité, la durée de l'immunité et la voie d'inoculation.
Effect of Adopting a Gluten-Free Diet on Exposure to Arsenic and Other Heavy Metals in Children With Celiac Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Du Nan , Chang Denis , Boisvert Jason , Hron Bridget , Rosen Rachel , Punshon Tracy , Silvester Jocelyn
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the primary treatment of celiac disease (CeD), a gluten-driven enteropathy. Concerns have been raised about increased exposure to arsenic from a GFD because rice, which naturally bioaccumulates arsenic, is commonly used as a substitute for gluten-containing grains such as wheat. We hypothesize that arsenic exposure increases in newly diagnosed children with CeD after they adopt a GFD.

METHODS:

This is a single-center prospective longitudinal cohort study of children (age 2–18 years) with elevated celiac serology who underwent a diagnostic endoscopy before initiation of a GFD between January and May 2022. The primary outcome was change in urinary arsenic concentration between endoscopy and after 6 months on a GFD.

RESULTS:

Of the 67 recruited participants, 50 had a biopsy diagnostic of CeD and were invited to continue the study. Thirty-five participants completed sample collection. Participants were from a middle-class, well-educated population that was predominantly White with presenting symptoms of abdominal pain (51%) and diarrhea (29%). After 6 months on a GFD, there was a significant increase in the median urinary arsenic concentration (3.3 µg/L vs 13.6 µg/L, P = 0.000004). In regression models, family history of CeD and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with having a higher urinary arsenic concentration after 6 months on a GFD.

DISCUSSION:

Children with newly diagnosed CeD have increased arsenic exposure shortly after transitioning to a GFD. While the arsenic levels were well below acutely toxic concentrations, the clinical impact of chronic exposure to mildly elevated arsenic levels is unknown.
A alfabetização e o texto
Authors: Pinheiro de Lacerda Mitsi
Published: October 2024

O objetivo do artigo, de natureza ensaística, é estabelecer conversação sobre uma proposição presente há décadas no Brasil: a alfabetização com textos. A orientação teórica é proveniente da educação problematizadora e dialógica, da alfabetização sob a perspectiva discursiva, do sócio-interacionismo e da teoria da enunciação. São apresentadas ainda, de forma sucinta, algumas incursões da proposta de alfabetização com textos, em documentos legais do Brasil contemporâneo. O ensaio se inscreve em uma perspectiva freireana, destacando condições ótimas à aprendizagem e desenvolvimento da leitura e da escrita: a escuta, a pronúncia, o diálogo, a legitimidade de temas provenientes da realidade concreta do educando, a libertação da palavra e da consciência. As reflexões presentes sinalizam a relevância do dialogismo, da autoria e da interação em práticas que buscam, ao alfabetizar com  textos, tecer metodologias inaugurais – filhas da educação libertadora –, e assegurar que nestas práticas haja sentido.
Impact of Marble Ash on the Shear Strength of Clay Soil
Authors: Waruwu Aazokhi , Setiawan Calvien , Tantono Clarissa , Boediono Mario Endrico
Published: October 2024

Soil is an important part of the building structure because it has a function as a support for the building. Therefore, soil stability must be considered so that building construction is safe and durable. There are types of clay soils that have high plasticity values and low shear strength. Soils like this require stabilization with the addition of additives such as marble ash. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of marble ash content has an optimal impact on improving the plasticity, density, and shear strength properties. The added material used was marble ash with a content of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of dry soil. The specimens were differentiated based on their curing age before being tested by triaxial. Based on the research results, it was found that the use of marble ash had the maximum impact on improving the plasticity properties and maximum density at an addition of 6%. This was followed by a significant increase in shear strength at the same addition. A good curing age for increasing the angle of internal friction in the soil was obtained at 14 days.
Coal Mine Slope Stability Analysis Using the Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Slope Mass Rating (SMR) Method, and Morgenstren-Price Limit Equilibrium for the Low Wall Pit Area Y PT. Bina Sarana Sukses, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra
Authors: Najib Najib , Belia Nanda Putri , Hidayatillah Ahmad Syauqi , Nugroho Kevin Setyo Adi
Published: October 2024

Open pit mining has a complex connection to excavation and stockpiling operations, which can potentially induce slope instability. The analysis of slope stability is crucial to prevent slope failure, which has the potential to result in major losses. The study on slope stability was performed at the low wall pit Y area of PT. Bina Sarana Sukses site MAS in Lahat Regency. This research aimed to analyze the rock mass classifications, determine the safety factor values, and provide recommendations for mitigating landslide occurrences. The techniques employed in this study include the RMR and SMR methods for assessing the susceptibility of landslides, collectively with the Morgenstern-price limit equilibrium approach for estimating the stability of the slope. Based on the analysis of the rock mass rating (RMR) and slope mass rating (SMR), Block B2 exhibits a 20% likelihood of experiencing landslides, specifically due to block joint characteristics. On the other hand, Blocks B4 and B5 show a 40% potential for landslides, primarily associated with flat or wedge-type block joints. The force produced by friction under saturated conditions is comparatively lower than that observed under dry conditions. During the final design phase in 2022, it was observed that Blocks B4 and B5 exhibit critical and dangerous safety factors when saturated. Hence, the proposal has been suggested to enhance slope stability. Further, it is recommended to monitor the geotechnical piles periodically. We hope this research results as a valuable resource for evaluating and assessing slope stability, including artificial and natural slopes.
Computation of evapotranspiration using crop simulation models and comparison with leaf area index from multiple sources
Authors: M Sabthapathy , Ragunath KP  , Pazhanivelan S  , Selvakumar S  , Sivamurugan AP  , Kumaraperumal R  , Mohammed Ahamed J  , Chandrasekar K  , Thiruvarassan S
Published: October 2024

The study demonstrated the computation of evapotranspiration (ET) in cultivation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) through the application of crop simulation models, alongside a comparative analysis with leaf area index (LAI) from various sources. The cultivation period for groundnut was conducted during the calendar year 2023, during which 2 distinct growth patterns were noted, attributed to variations in environmental conditions. The study analyses the estimated evapotranspiration from AquaCrop model, utilizing crop coefficient (Kc) values in comparison with evapotranspiration data derived from satellite observations provided by the MOD16A2v061 product. Furthermore, LAI was measured through 3 methodologies: an empirical equation based on field data, the Li-Cor 2200 plant canopy analyzer and LAI calculations derived from cloud-free normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). LAI obtained from Li-Cor 2200 instrument exhibited a higher degree of consistency in correlation with empirical LAI derived from ground observations. Conversely, LAI values calculated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) demonstrated a greater degree of variability, especially during times of cloud cover. The study emphasizes the relationship between LAI and ET and magnitude of LAI in amount of total evapotranspiration.
Capability knowledge base query to allocate process resources for master recipe formulation
Authors: Winter Michael , Klausmann Tobias , Kleinert Tobias
Published: October 2024

We present a method for matching the required capabilities of general recipes with available resources to formulate master recipes. Process elements extracted from BatchML XML files are used to decompose the required capabilities and match them with the capabilities offered by components at distinct levels. A capability OWL ontology with properties aids in querying and matching capabilities with resources, enabling validation via description logic (DL) queries post-inference and integration into the master recipe. DL queries and matching within a knowledge base demonstrate AI-based knowledge processing for production systems.
Towards microstructure control in forging and rolling: combining AI with process models for closed-loop property control
Authors: Reinisch Niklas , Idzik Christian , Bailly David
Published: October 2024

Metal forming processes like open-die forging or hot rolling are well-established for the production of key components in various industries. Nevertheless, the control of the final microstructure and hence mechanical properties is not yet common. To achieve this, the authors propose and discuss a control concept based on reinforcement learning, fast process models (FPM) and an “operator in the loop” approach. The concept is explained and tested using deviating initial ingot temperatures as idealized process disruptions. RL algorithms are trained for both processes and transferred into the controllers that are connected to a simulative environment based on FPM. Within this framework, the online adaption is possible in ∼2 s in rolling and 4–6 s in forging. This highlights the concepts suitability to be used for property control in hot metal forming.
Detektion von Prozessunregelmäßigkeiten beim MSG-Schweißen durch Analyse des Luftschallsignals mittels Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Brückner Julian , Rohe Maximilian , Walther Dominik , Hildebrand Jörg , Bergmann Jean Pierre , Mäder Patrick
Published: October 2024

Die additive Fertigung mittels DED-Arc-Verfahren ist durch die hohen Fertigungszeiten ein kostenintensiver Prozess. Die klassischen Qualitätsprüfverfahren, die der Fertigung nachgelagert sind, geben erst nach Fertigstellung des Werkstückes Aufschluss über die erreichte Qualität. Nacharbeiten sind häufig ausgeschlossen, sodass bei unzureichender Qualität das Bauteil dem Ausschuss zugeführt wird. Die Anwendung von in situ Qualitätskontrollen ermöglicht es, Unregelmäßigkeiten frühzeitig bereits während des eigentlichen Aufbauprozess zu erkennen und eine direkte Nacharbeit kann stattfinden. Die akustischen Emissionen werden bereits erfolgreich von erfahrenen Schweißern als Qualitätsmerkmal für den Prozess eingesetzt. In diesem Beitrag soll mit Hilfe der akustischen Signale, die während des Schweißens entstehen, die Prozessqualität vorhergesagt werden. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Erkennung des Schutzgasflusses und eventuell vorhandener Oberflächenverunreinigung durch Öl. Dies kann maßgeblich zur Bildung von Poren innerhalb der entstehenden Schweißraupen beitragen. Zur Erkennung dieser Parameter wird die Verwendung eines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) zur Auswertung des emittierten Luftschalls diskutiert. Als wesentliches Merkmal zur Klassifizierung werden die, in der Sprecher- und Spracherkennung verbreiteten, Mel-Cepstralkoeffizienten (MFCC) herangezogen. Des Weiteren wird der Einfluss der Netzwerkparameter des CNN auf die Klassifizierungsgüte des resultierenden Netzwerkes dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die ausschließliche Verwendung der MFCC dem CNN ermöglicht Prozessabweichungen zu detektieren. Aufgrund der hohen Informationsdichte der MFCC gegenüber dem STFT-Spektrum bieten erstere die Möglichkeit die Größe des verwendeten CNN erheblich zu reduzieren.
Prediction of formation fracture pressure based on reinforcement learning and XGBoost
Authors: Wan Bingqian , Xu Shengchi , Luo Shuai , Wei Leipeng , Zhang Ci , Zhou Diao , Zhang Hao , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2024

Clearly determining the magnitude of fracture pressure is a crucial indicator for fracturing design. Traditional methods for predicting fracture pressure suffer from challenges such as difficulties in obtaining required data, low prediction accuracy, and local limitations in application. In light of these issues, the article proposes a fracture pressure prediction model based on reinforcement learning and XGBoost utilizing geophysical well logging data. Based on the relevance analysis, optimal input parameters, including DEPTH, DEN, AC, GR, CRL, and RT, are selected from geophysical well logging data. We have developed a framework for a fracture pressure prediction model based on XGBoost, wherein hyperparameters are fine-tuned using an improved Q-learning algorithm. The optimized XGBoost model for fracture pressure prediction attains outstanding performance metrics, including an R
2 value of 0.992, a root mean square error of 0.006%, and a mean absolute error of 0.539%. In direct comparison with grid search, Bayesian optimization, and ant colony optimization, the improved Q-learning algorithm emerges as the most effective optimization approach. The predictions generated by the proposed method exhibit remarkable consistency with fracture pressure data measured on-site. This approach successfully addresses the shortcomings encountered with traditional fracture pressure prediction methods, such as inadequate accuracy, demanding data prerequisites, and constrained applicability.
Statistical modelling of a tractor tractive performance during ploughing operation on a tropical Alfisol
Authors: Alhassan Elijah Aina , Olaoye Joshua Olanrewaju , Lukman Adewale Folaranmi , Adekanye Timothy Adesoye , Abioye Oluwaseyi Matthew
Published: October 2024

Tractor is the most prominent off-road agricultural machinery that is significant to the global food security. The tractive modelling of tyre–soil interaction and agricultural implement dynamics is a complex phenomenon that require holistic approach. Terramechanics techniques such as empirical, semi-empirical, analytical, and numerical methods such as finite element models and discrete element models have gained traction in tractive performance studies. Some of these approaches are premised on large arrays of variables for modelling tractive performance based on the soil–tyre and tools interactions. In this study, soft computing in R software domain was used to model the tractor tractive performance during ploughing operations on a tropical Alfisol. The research farm at the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization was used for the field experiment. The experimental design was a nested-factorial under a Randomized Complete Block Design having three replications. The input factors were tractor power size, T, (60, 65, and 70 hp); tyre inflation pressure, P, (83, 124, and 165 kPa); implement configuration, I, (2 and 3 bottoms disc plough); and operational speed, S, (6.31, 7.90, 9.47, 11.05, and 12.63 km/h). Standard procedures were followed to obtain the measured parameters in the field, which were statistically analysed. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance of the measured parameters at 5% significance level were established. Multiple linear regression was used to develop the model, validated using the 10-fold cross-validation method. The results revealed that the evaluated variables have a range of 1.56–7.79 kN, 5.15–27.20%, 9.10–32.00 cm, 4.50–13.94%, 1.31–1.67 g/cm3, 95.89–207.78 kPa, and 98.67–295.56 for draught, wheel slip, depth of cut, moisture content, bulk density, cone index (CI), and shear stress, respectively. A positive correlation exists between the towing force (TF) and the measured variables except for the shear stress and CI. The final developed model has seven variables for predicting TF with a 6.5% error and an average of 0.4735 cross validation root mean square error. The model quality of fit achieved an

R

Adj

2

=
0.8754

{R}_{\text{Adj}}^{2}=0.8754

which satisfactorily described the response variable. The study provides insights into tractive dynamic systems modelling of machine, tractive medium (soil), and agricultural tools anchored on soft computing approach. Its adoption will assist in quality ploughing operation integrating the variables established in the model.
Inspiring Contributions: Fan Leaders’ Directives and Encouragement in the Chinese Online Celebrity Fan Community
Authors: Xiao Yiqing , Ahadzadeh Ashrafsadat
Published: October 2024

In the neoliberal era, there is a new phenomenon where numerous fans follow fan leaders’ instructions to make tangible or intangible contributions to support celebrities, which has exacerbated economic polarization. Although past studies have explored fan empowerment in the Internet era, fan leaders’ promotion effect has remained unstudied. This study aimed to discover fan leaders’ role in guiding fans’ contributions in the Chinese fan community. By integrating a two-step flow model and participatory culture theory, it used qualitative content analysis to analyze 410 posts and 972 comments in the Chinese singer Song Yaxuan’s fan community from February 3 to 10, 2023. Through an inductive approach, four main themes were derived from results: (1) task delegation and empowerment; (2) user-friendly instructions and seamless communication; (3) highlighting a sense of crisis and putting pressure on fans; and (4) fostering a collective mindset. The findings revealed fan leaders use different techniques and the top-down structure in the community to encourage fans to give voluntary contributions of money or time to the celebrity’s development. Theoretically, this study showed internal operation logic in Chinese fan community. Practically, the study shed light on how to lessen the harmful consequences of neoliberalism’s features within the Chinese entertainment industry and realize healthy development.
Impact of Disaggregated External Debt on Economic Growth: Evidence from Asian Developing Economies
Authors: Dawood Muhammad , Feng Zhao Rui , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: October 2024

This study investigate the impact of total and disaggregated external debt on economic growth, across 32 Asian developing economies (ADE) from 1995 to 2020. The study applied the generalized method of moments (GMM) and dynamic common correlated estimator (DCCE) with interaction terms of institutional quality and macroeconomic policy to address the non-linearity, across-country heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependence and endogneity. The empirical results indicate that total external debt and its types initially harm economic growth, except for commercial creditors’ debt, which has positive effects. Short-term, private, and multilateral debt show weaker negative associations compared to long-term, public, and bilateral debt. Incorporating interaction terms in non-linear models reveal a shift from negative to positive impacts, highlighting the importance of robust institutional quality and stable macroeconomic policy in mitigating adverse debt effects. Our findings underline the necessity of tailored policies accounting for specific impacts of different debt types on economic growth. Moreover, highlight the significance of institutional quality and macroeconomic policy standards to manage risks, optimize debt management practices, adjust fiscal policies, and foster sustainable economic growth. Future research should further investigate the broad impact of domestic debt in conjunction with external debt across different countries, time periods, and methodological approaches.
Hope Against Hope
Authors: Lee Crystal Chen , Mann Jennifer C. , Manns Lonnie D. , Barber Ja’Bria
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the writings of adolescents in a community-based organization, we utilize a critical poetic inquiry methodology to examine how they express the spatial, temporal, and relational boundaries of the pathways among adolescence, adultification, and adulthood through poetic expression. Through Anzaldúa’s (1999) framework of nepantla, an in-between space that serves to interlace the past, present, reality, and imagination for adolescents, we find that students (a) navigate and identify family dynamics, (b) negotiate tensions of adultification, and (c) recognize and push against social inequities. This article illuminates how youth in under-resourced communities negotiate, imagine, and realize possibilities for their futures.
Antimicrobial Activity of Diverse Chemotypes of Lippia graveolens Against Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: García-Pérez Josué , Pérez-Sabino Juan , Mendoza-Elvira Susana , Ribeiro da Silva Antonio Jorge , Ulloa-Rojas Juan
Published: October 2024

[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oil (EO) from diverse chemotypes of Lippia graveolens against oxytetracycline-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila, which primarily affects the tilapia aquaculture (O. niloticus) in Guatemala. [Methodology] L. graveolens were collected in three departments in Guatemala. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Subsequently, an antimicrobial assay was conducted using disk and dilution susceptibility tests and evaluation of synergistic interactions among the chemotypes. Each test was performed in triplicate. [Results] The analysis revealed the presence of twenty-seven compounds in the EO obtained from the chemotypes, with the main class being monoterpenes. The major constituents identified were cis-Dihydro-β-terpineol (8.84%) in chemotype I, carvacrol (51.82%) in chemotype II, and thymol (79.62%) in chemotype III. All EO chemotypes of L. graveolens demonstrated the ability to inhibit the A. hydrophila growth. Thymol chemotype exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against bacterial growth, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 92.4 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 184.8 µg/mL. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is no synergistic or additive effect when combining different chemotypes of L. graveolens. [Conclusions] This is the first report of L. graveolens chemotypes exhibiting antimicrobial activity against oxytetracycline-resistant A. hydrophila. The findings suggest that the chemotype thymol could be a potential treatment for infections in the tilapia aquaculture in Guatemala.
КАМЕННЫЕ УГЛИ КУЗБАССА - ОСНОВНОЕ СЫРЬЕ ДЛЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА АКТИВНЫХ УГЛЕЙ
Authors: МУХИН В.М.
Published: October 2024

Показана широта применения активных углей (АУ) во многих сферах экономики, экологии и обороны страны. Отмечены уникальные физико-химические характеристики АУ и представлено современное их определение. Установлено, что в настоящее время Российская Федерация существенно отстает по объему производства АУ от промышленно развитых стран. Обращено внимание к каменным углям Кузбасса как сырью для многотоннажного производства АУ, рассмотрены различные технологии получения на их основе АУ.

The breadth of the use of activated carbons (AC) in many areas of economy, ecology and defense of the country is shown. The unique physicochemical characteristics of AC are denoted, and their modern determination is presented. It is established that the Russian Federation is currently lagging far behind industrialised countries in the output of AC production. Attention is paid to the coals of Kuzbass as a raw material for the large-tonnage production of AC. Various technologies for manufacturing active coals on this basis are considered.
About the Castle of St. George
Authors: Gudavičius Edvardas
Published: October 2024

The location question of St. George's castle, erected by the Teutonic Order (and signified by Peter Dusburg 1259), isn't resolved. Until the last years, the predominating opinion, backed by the coincidence of settlement names, was that the fourteenth-century castle Georgenburg of the Teutonic Order stood on the same place as the castle of St. George. Now, doubts arise based on the strategic ground: at that time, the Order's possibilities to erect a castle at such a distance were too exiguous. R. Batūra, defending the traditional opinion, doesn't assess the war circumstances of the mid-thirteenth century. The Order, without a fleet, couldn't erect the castle on the banks of the Nemunas there. The Livonian branch of the Order didn't possess a reliable fleet, and the Prussian branch commenced using its fleet on the Nemunas only in the 1370s. R. Batūra's review of the archaeology and geology of the Jurbarkas locality gives no regard to the report of Ragnit's commendator (1406), who mentions a ruin of Georgenburg on the bank of the river Mituva (in Jurbarkas).
"The 11th of March in the wiew of historical research": The scientific conference and some ideas after it
Authors: Klumbys Valdemaras
Published: October 2024

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Original Book: Non Tradition Presentation for Society
Authors: Švedas Aurimas
Published: October 2024

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The first History of Lithuanian women movement
Authors: Steponavičienė Lirija
Published: October 2024

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