bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Point Calibration for Microwave Sounders: Application to TEMPEST-D
Authors: Brown Shannon T. , Tanner Alan , Reising Steven C. , Berg Wesley
Published: April 2023

Passive microwave sounders are critical for accurate forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. These sensors are calibrated using a traditional two-point approach, with one source typically a free-space blackbody target and the second a clear view to the cosmic microwave background, commonly referred to as “cold space.” Occasionally, one or both of these calibration sources can become corrupted, either by solar/lunar intrusion in the cold space view or by thermal instability of the blackbody calibration source. A Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems (TEMPEST) microwave sounder instrument is currently deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) for a 3-yr mission. TEMPEST is also calibrated using a blackbody target and cold space view; however, the cold space view will be routinely obstructed by objects present on the ISS. Here we test an alternative single-point calibration methodology that uses only the blackbody calibration target. We find the brightness temperature difference between this new approach and the traditional two-point calibration approach to be <0.1 K when applied to 3 years of the TEMPEST CubeSat Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) mission data from 2018 to 2020. This approach is applicable to other microwave radiometers that experience occasional degradation of calibration sources, such as thermal effects, intrusions, or instability of noise diodes.

Significance Statement

Cross-track microwave sounders have relied on two distinct calibration sources, often the cosmic microwave background using a clear view to cold space and an ambient blackbody target. We have tested an alternative approach that uses a single calibration target, making the sensor robust to occasional field-of-view intrusions of the space view or alternatively simplifies the spaceborne sensor design by eliminating the need for a clear view to space. We find that the performance difference between this new approach and the traditional two-calibration source approach is indistinguishable for both microwave temperature/water vapor profiling and precipitation-rate estimation. This calibration technique can be applied to past, current, and future microwave sounders to help diagnose systematic uncertainties in sensor calibration targets.
Stability Properties of the Constant Coefficients Semi-Implicit Time Schemes Solving Nonfiltering Approximation of the Fully Compressible Equations
Authors: Smolíková Petra , Vivoda Jozef
Published: April 2023

A set of control parameters is introduced in the fully elastic nonhydrostatic Euler equations formulated in the mass-based vertical coordinate of Laprise. Contrary to the classical approach, the hydrostatic limit is represented by a subspace of control parameters, instead of a single point. By finding a suitable path from the fully compressible equations to the hydrostatic subspace, we are able to construct a blended system with acoustic modes slowed down and gravity modes nearly unaffected. Numerical stability of the discretized system is thus improved, and the solution remains essentially the fully compressible one. Alternatively, control parameters can be used to redefine the linear model of the constant coefficients semi-implicit time scheme, increasing the numerical stability of the fully compressible system. With a careful choice of the control parameters in both, the linear model used in the semi-implicit temporal scheme, and in the full model, the blended system does not deteriorate the compressible solution while its semi-implicit temporal discretization is more stable. We illustrate the potential of the method in several simple examples and in real case studies using the ALADIN system.
An Analysis of the Impact of Vertical Wind Shear on Convection Initiation Using Large-Eddy Simulations: Importance of Wake Entrainment
Authors: LeBel Luke J. , Markowski Paul M.
Published: April 2023

The initiation of thunderstorms in environments characterized by strong wind shear presents a forecast challenge because of the complexities of the interactions between growing cumulus clouds and wind shear. Thunderstorms that develop in such environments are often capable of producing high-impact hazards, highlighting the importance of convection initiation in sheared environments. Although recent research has greatly improved understanding of the structure and evolution of rising thermals in unsheared environments, there remains uncertainty in how wind shear influences the convection initiation process. Two large-eddy simulations (75-m horizontal grid spacing) were performed to study this problem. Convection initiation attempts are forced in the simulations through prescribed surface heat fluxes (the initial boundary layers are statistically horizontally homogeneous and quasi–steady state but contain turbulent eddies as a result of random initial temperature perturbations). The only difference between the two simulations is the presence or absence of wind shear above 2 km. Important differences in the entrainment patterns are present between sheared and unsheared growing cumulus clouds. As found in previous research, the overturning circulation associated with rising thermals drives dynamic entrainment in the unsheared clouds. However, in sheared clouds, wake entrainment resulting from the tilting of environmental vorticity is an important dynamic entrainment pathway. This result has implications for both the structure of sheared growing cumulus clouds and for convection initiation in sheared environments.

Significance Statement

Forecasts of thunderstorm hazards such as tornadoes, hail, and strong winds, require the accurate prediction of when and where thunderstorms form. Unfortunately, predicting thunderstorm formation is not easy, as there are a lot of different factors to consider. One such factor is environmental vertical wind shear, which describes how winds change speed and direction with height. The purpose of this study is to better understand how wind shear impacts developing clouds. Our results demonstrate a specific mechanism, called “wake entrainment,” through which wind shear can weaken developing clouds and potentially prevent them from becoming strong thunderstorms entirely. Understanding this mechanism may be useful for thunderstorm prediction in environments characterized by wind shear.
Improved Predictability of Summertime Rossby Wave Breaking Frequency near Japan in JMA/MRI-CPS3 Seasonal Forecasts
Authors: Takemura Kazuto , Maeda Shuhei , Yamada Ken , Mukougawa Hitoshi , Naoe Hiroaki
Published: April 2023

The seasonal predictability of the Rossby wave breaking (RWB) frequency near Japan in July–August (JA) is examined using daily JMA/MRI-CPS3 (CPS3) hindcast data, which is an operational seasonal prediction system of the Japan Meteorological Agency. Although the RWB frequency near Japan during JA in CPS3 is underestimated in comparison with the reanalysis, interannual variabilities of the frequency are generally predicted with moderate or high skill for hindcasts, initiating from February to June. The RWB frequency forecast skill in CPS3 is much higher than that in the previous version of the seasonal prediction system due to the improvement in the model bias of the Asian jet stream meridional position. A regression analysis for the RWB frequency near Japan utilizing all ensemble members is conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of the increased (decreased) RWB frequency associated with La Niña (El Niño) conditions, as indicated by previous studies. The regressed anomalies demonstrate an anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) pattern similar to that of La Niña and a negative phase of the Indian Ocean dipole mode with the associated anomalous convection in the tropics. For the La Niña condition, the regressed geopotential height in the upper troposphere demonstrates negative anomalies over the tropical Pacific and positive anomalies in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, corresponding to the enhanced mid-Pacific trough and northward-shifted subtropical jet. The regressed meridional wind anomalies demonstrate a wavy pattern along the Asian jet over Eurasia, consistent with the relationship between the Silk Road pattern and the RWB near the Asian jet exit region.
Identification of young females at high risk of suicide following hospital-treated self-harm in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Clapperton Angela J , Dwyer Jeremy , Spittal Matthew J
Published: April 2023

Objective:

We conducted a data linkage study in Victoria, Australia, to determine the proportion of young females who are treated in hospital for self-harm who go on to die by suicide within 5 years and to identify factors associated with increased suicide risk in this same cohort.

Method:

We undertook a cohort study following 3689 female patients aged 10–24 years, who were initially treated in hospital for self-harm during the 2-year period January 2011 to December 2012. We followed each patient for 5 years unless they died first, in which case, they were followed until their date of death. We used inpatient admissions from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and emergency department presentations from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset linked to death data from two sources, the Victorian Suicide Register and the National Death Index.

Results:

Twenty-eight individuals (0.76% of the total cohort) died by suicide within 5 years of their index admission. In multivariate survival analysis, only suicide ideation at the time of self-harm (hazard ratio = 4.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.70, 12.38) and a decreasing time between successive self-harm episodes (hazard ratio = 4.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 15.00) were associated with increased suicide risk.

Conclusion:

Although the vast majority of young females who present to hospital for self-harm do not die by suicide within 5 years, our results suggest young females expressing suicide ideation and those presenting frequently with decreasing time between successive episodes should be prioritised for suicide-prevention efforts.
Regulatory Visions and the State in E. Asia: The Irrational Investor Problem in the Comparative Politics of Finance
Authors: Yasuda John
Published: April 2023

Despite the marked transformation in E. Asia’s financial systems, regulators continue to employ hard paternalistic approaches to their stock markets that are viewed as counterproductive to their development. This article argues that the persistence of hard paternalistic regulatory practices can be explained by a regulatory vision—a common analytical framework to order complex uncertain environments that serve as regulatory first principles—centered on an irrational investor. A regulatory vision works alongside pressures emanating from foreign investment, state capitalism, and state-business relations. This understanding of investor rationality is in marked contrast to a liberal market variant, which emphasizes a rational investor, and thus provides a distinctive comparative lens to understand regulatory behavior in a moment of global financial hybridization. The study draws on over 90 elite interviews of senior regulators, stock exchange officers, and market practitioners conducted in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, from 2015 to 2019.
Crime Prevention in the Classroom: Gendered Impacts on Offending
Authors: O SooHyun , Lee YongJei , Wilcox Pamela
Published: April 2023

This study examines school-based crime prevention tactics using a place management framework in conjunction with deterrence and labeling theoretical perspectives. We examine the effects of four different aspects of place management on student offending and explore whether and how the effects are distinctive for female versus male students. We analyze survey data from students and principals across three waves of the Rural Substance abuse and Violence Project using multilevel-binomial models. Findings reveal that several aspects of place management interacted with gender, thus differentially impacting male versus female offending. Overall, this study extends past work in providing evidence of the gendered impact of some crime prevention practices—conditional effects that are consistent with insights from both deterrence and labeling theoretical perspectives.
Does migrant workers’ subjective social status affect their mental health? Job satisfaction as a longitudinal mediator
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Zhang Junwei , Chi Meidi , Guo Wei
Published: April 2023

Background:

Prior studies on migrant workers have explored the effect of their subjective social status and job satisfaction on their mental health, respectively or combined, as well as how their subjective social status affects their job satisfaction. Nonetheless, few have accounted straightforwardly and holistically for the mechanism of interaction between subjective social status, job satisfaction and mental health amongst migrant workers.

Aims:

Taking migrant workers in China as the object of study, we intended to probe the longitudinal links between their subjective social status, job satisfaction and mental health, in particular, their job satisfaction as a longitudinal mediator therein.

Method:

Using the three-wave data from the 2014, 2016 and 2018 China Labour-force Dynamics Survey, we defined migrant workers as labourers aged 15 to 64 with agricultural hukou and engaged in non-agricultural work in urban areas. The final valid sample comprised 2,035 individuals. Latent growth models (LGMs) were applied to test the hypothesised relationships.

Results:

The LGMs based on bootstrapping showed that amongst migrant workers the subjective social status, job satisfaction and mental health tended overall to grow linearly and that the job satisfaction longitudinally mediated between the subjective social status and mental health.

Conclusions:

The findings may enlighten policymaking to elevate migrant workers mentally and inform future studies on theoretical and practical fronts.
What We Say and What We Do: Decolonizing at the Shallow End of the Pool
Authors: Batisla-ong Lorelei J. , Waller-Pace Brandi
Published: April 2023

We were invited to write about decolonization in music education for an issue on intersectionality and to do so in a way that demonstrates dialogic practice in action. What follows are excerpts from a conversation on decolonizing practices and our insights of being asked to speak on the subject. We both embrace the practice of dialoguing as a means for us to develop ideas not only to deal with issues of justice or practices of decolonization but also to celebrate and share parts of our lives and experiences with one another. Our collaboration began in order to do this work, but it is sustained by our ongoing relationship and friendship.
The Relationship Between Attitudes Towards Caring for Dying Patients and Self Compassion in ICU Nurses
Authors: Asadi Neda , Khatoon Shoaei Najmeh , Salmani Fatemeh
Published: April 2023

The study aims to investigate the relationship between ICU nurses’ attitudes towards caring for dying patients and self compassion.This cross-sectional study (Aug-Oct 2022) was conducted with the volunteer participation of 219 ICU nurses in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data were collected through the Socio-demographic Form, the Frommelt Attitude toward Care of Dying Scale (FATCOD), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS).The mean score of attitude of end-of-life care and self-compassion were 92.77 ± 21.5 and 47.83 ± 7.69 respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between nurses’ education level and attitudes of end-of-life care ( p < 0.001) and self-compassion. ( p < 0.04) A significant difference was found between end of life care training experience and self-compassion ( p < 0.03). A positive, statistically significant relationship was found between the attitudes of end-of-life care total score and self-compassion total score ( p < 0.001). A significant relationship between the self-compassion and attitude toward caring for dying patients is an important finding for quality of care in ICU nurses.
Parent-Child Grief Interactions: A Qualitative Analysis and Conceptual Framework of the Lived Experiences of Young Widowed Parents
Authors: Donohue Erin , Halgunseth Linda C. , Mauldin Laura , Donorfio Laura K. M. , Bellizzi Keith M.
Published: April 2023

A young parent’s death is an unexpected event that incurs family stress and grief for the surviving parent and young children. However, few studies have examined widowed parents’ grief experiences and parent-child interactions following a co-parent’s death. Guided by phenomenology, this qualitative study examined the lived experiences of ( N = 12) surviving parents grieving the loss of their co-parent. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using an inductive analytic procedure. Findings included themes of (1) not showing grief with child; (2) talking through grief/emotions with child; (3) maintaining connection between deceased parent and child; (4) timing of sharing things with children; and (5) utilizing bereavement and group support. These findings suggest that support services for surviving parents include providing information to them about the timing of when to share mementos with children and psychoeducation on emotion sharing and masking as part of the grief process with young children.
Exploring Tourists’ Virtual Reality-Based Brand Engagement: A Uses-and-Gratifications Perspective
Authors: Rather Raouf Ahmad , Hollebeek Linda D. , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Khan Imran , Hasan Rajibul
Published: April 2023

Though prior research has addressed the role of virtual reality (VR) in tourism, the dynamics and consequences characterizing tourists’ VR-based brand engagement, which has grown significantly since the pandemic, remain tenuous, as, therefore, explored in this research. Addressing this gap, we develop and test a uses-and-gratifications-informed model that explores the impact of tourists’ VR involvement and VR identification on their VR-based brand engagement, and its ensuing effect on their VR-based brand cocreation and brand loyalty intent. Our empirical results corroborate the proposed associations, substantiating VR-based brand engagement’s mediating role. The analyses also confirm the moderating role of tourists’ technology readiness in the association of their VR-based brand engagement on the one hand, and VR-based brand cocreation and brand loyalty intent on the other (i.e., with more technology-ready individuals seeing stronger associations in this regard). We conclude by providing key implications for tourism research and practice.
Associations Between Post-tonsillectomy Hemorrhage and Anatomical Subsites of the Tonsillar Fossa
Authors: Lou Zhengcai
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study presents a novel classification of the anatomical subsites of the tonsillar fossa and discusses their associations with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) after extracapsular tonsillectomy.

Materials and Methods

Coblation tonsillectomy was performed on three adult cadavers and the anatomical subsites of the tonsillar fossa based on the distribution of the tonsillar feeding artery: the upper pole (subsite A), most of the tonsil body (subsite B), the inferior tonsil body (subsite C), and components of the lower pole (subsites D and E). Extracapsular tonsillectomy was prospectively performed using various surgical techniques and PTH was evaluated.

Results

A cadaveric study revealed that the intra- and extra-capsular vessel topographies were essentially identical. Although the demarcation lines varied either up or down by a few millimeters, the arterial vascular network was particularly dense at subsites D and E, and the vessel diameter at these subsites was significantly greater than at subsite C and also (especially) at subsite E. Of 680 patients who underwent tonsillectomy, PTH developed early in 13 (31.7%) and late in 28 (68.3%). Surgical interventions were required by 29/41 patients (70.7%). Subsites D and E were the most common subsites of late PTH and PTH that required intervention. Such intervention was rarely necessary when PTH developed at subsite A or B.

Conclusions

The new classification of the anatomical subsites of the tonsillar fossa aids inexperienced surgeons and provides an anatomical rationale for variation in surgical technique that minimizes vascular injury, thus improving safety.
Prognostic Value of Lymphovascular Invasion in Patients With Pyriform Sinus Carcinoma Treated With Surgery Plus Adjuvant Chemo-/Radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Hui , Xu Siyuan , Liu Jie , Liu Wensheng , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Shaoyan
Published: April 2023

Objective

We aimed to determine the prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in pyriform sinus carcinoma (PSC) after primary surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Methods

Patients who underwent primary surgery at our institution between 2000 and 2018 were included in this study and retrospectively analyzed. The endpoints were locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), and disease-specific survival (DSS).

Results

We reviewed 117 patients with PSC. LVI was identified in 29 patients (24.8%). The 5-year LRR rate, DM rate, and DSS rate were 29.4%, 31.7%, and 45.9%, respectively. Tumors with LVI were associated with a significantly higher LRR ( P = 0.002, HR 3.678, 95% CI 1.646-8.218) and DM ( P = 0.003, HR 3.666, 95% CI 1.543-8.709) and a lower DSS ( P = 0.001, HR 2.814, 95% CI 1.519–5.213) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

LVI is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with PSC treated with surgery plus adjuvant RT/CCRT.
Discrimination and Perceived Cultural Mismatch Increase Status-Based Identity Uncertainty
Authors: Feasel Sierra H. , Dover Tessa L. , Small Payton A. , Major Brenda
Published: April 2023

Periods of social mobility, such as attending college, can challenge one’s status-based identity, leading to uncertainty around one’s status in society. Status uncertainty is associated with poorer well-being and academic outcomes. Little is known, however, about what experiences lead to status uncertainty. The current longitudinal study investigated discrimination experiences and cultural mismatch as predictors of status uncertainty. We propose that discrimination indirectly predicts increased status uncertainty by increasing perceived cultural mismatch with the university. Participants were Latinx college students, all of whom were low-income and/or first generation to college. Discrimination experiences were measured at the end of participants’ first year. Cultural mismatch and status uncertainty were measured at the end of Year 2. Status uncertainty was measured again at the end of Year 3. Results indicated that students who experienced more frequent discrimination felt more cultural mismatch 1 year later, and, in turn, reported increased status uncertainty over the following year.
The GHB analogue HOCPCA improves deficits in cognition and sensorimotor function after MCAO via CaMKIIα
Authors: Griem-Krey Nane , Klein Anders B , Clausen Bettina H , Namini Mathias RJ , Nielsen Pernille V , Bhuiyan Mozammel , Nagaraja Raghavendra Y , De Silva T Michael , Sobey Christopher G , Cheng Heung-Chin , Orset Cyrille , Vivien Denis , Lambertsen Kate L , Clarkson Andrew N , Wellendorph Petrine
Published: April 2023

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) is a major contributor to physiological and pathological glutamate-mediated Ca2+ signals, and its involvement in various critical cellular pathways demands specific pharmacological strategies. We recently presented γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) ligands as the first small molecules selectively targeting and stabilizing the CaMKIIα hub domain. Here, we report that the cyclic GHB analogue 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid (HOCPCA), improves sensorimotor function after experimental stroke in mice when administered at a clinically relevant time and in combination with alteplase. Further, we observed improved hippocampal neuronal activity and working memory after stroke. On the biochemical level, we observed that hub modulation by HOCPCA results in differential effects on distinct CaMKII pools, ultimately alleviating aberrant CaMKII signalling after cerebral ischemia. As such, HOCPCA normalised cytosolic Thr286 autophosphorylation after ischemia in mice and downregulated ischemia-specific expression of a constitutively active CaMKII kinase proteolytic fragment. Previous studies suggest holoenzyme stabilisation as a potential mechanism, yet a causal link to in vivo findings requires further studies. Similarly, HOCPCA’s effects on dampening inflammatory changes require further investigation as an underlying protective mechanism. HOCPCA’s selectivity and absence of effects on physiological CaMKII signalling highlight pharmacological modulation of the CaMKIIα hub domain as an attractive neuroprotective strategy.
Large left paraduodenal hernia identified and repaired by laparoscopy: A case report
Authors: Xue Yingming , Liu Chao , Lin Bin , Ding Pengcheng , Qi Hong
Published: April 2023

Paraduodenal hernias (PDHs) are rare types of internal hernias that pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because they can present with non-specific symptoms ranging from digestive disorders and chronic abdominal pain to symptoms of intestinal obstruction which may be life-threatening. We describe here a woman in her early 30’s who presented to the emergency department with a three-hour history of generalized intermittent crampy abdominal pain. She had experienced multiple similar episodes of this pain over the past 20 years. Totally laparoscopic technique was used to complete the diagnosis and treatment of a large left PHD with accompanying acute intestinal obstruction. The operation was successful and the patient was discharged from hospital 10 days later. PDH should be considered if a patient complains of recurrent abdominal pain without any other obvious explanation; a laparoscopic approach can be used to identify and repair the hernia.
Gastric schwannoma coexisting with tubular adenoma of the gallbladder: a rare combination
Authors: Cai Meng , Chen Xiaodi , Peng Yang , Liu Yufei , Zhou Chang
Published: April 2023

We report a case of a man in his early 50 s who was admitted to our hospital for anorexia. An imaging examination led to a preoperative diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor and gallbladder stones. He underwent treatment by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and distal partial gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. The final histopathological diagnosis was gastric schwannoma and tubular adenoma of the gallbladder. Gastric schwannoma accounts for only 0.2% of all gastric tumors, and tubular adenoma constitutes only 2.2% of gallbladder tumors. This report describes the diagnosis and treatment process for this combination of tumors, thus providing a reference for similar cases.
Comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound and microwave ablation for the treatment of small liver metastatic tumors
Authors: Wang Junjie , Wan Lili , Huang Guohua , Chen Cheng , Wu Yakun
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of small liver metastatic tumors.

Methods

Fifty-eight patients with small liver metastatic tumors who underwent HIFU (n = 28) or MWA (n = 30) at Suining Central Hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups.

Results

Operation times were longer and hospitalization costs were lower in the HIFU group than in the MWA group. Postoperative hospitalization times, tumor ablation rates, and clinical response and control rates did not differ significantly between the two groups 1 month after surgery. Rates of postoperative complications such as fever, liver dysfunction, injury, pain, and biliary leakage did not differ between the two groups. The 1- and 3-year cumulative survival rates were 96.4% and 52.4%, respectively, after HIFU and 93.3% and 51.4%, respectively, after MWA, which did not represent significant differences.

Conclusions

HIFU is a safe and feasible method of treating small liver metastatic tumors. Compared with MWA, HIFU was associated with lower hospitalization costs, reduced trauma, and fewer postoperative complications, making it a promising new local ablative treatment option for liver metastatic tumors.
The multistability of predictive technology in nuclear disasters
Authors: Sugawara Shin-etsu
Published: April 2023

Postphenomenological studies have explored technological mediation between the human body and the world by analysing the bodily experience of the world. Applying this analytical perspective to predictive technology requires some expansions because humans cannot directly experience the future world. I conceptualize pre-spectival focus, which refers to how human attention is directed to the making-future-present process, and which features or aspects of its process are foregrounded or backgrounded. Through the concept of pre-spectival focus and actor-network theory (ANT), this article examines the case of System for the Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information (SPEEDI), a Japanese technology used to simulate the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides released from nuclear reactors. SPEEDI provides prediction maps representing radiological consequences and was expected to support evacuation decisions during nuclear emergencies. However, this was not the case with the Fukushima disaster, which led to a socio-technical controversy regarding SPEEDI’s usage. Based on bibliographic surveys and several interviews, I encapsulate four multistable uses of SPEEDI: prediction as supporting advice, prediction as a tool for evacuation drills, prediction as self-protection, and prediction as a source of misunderstanding. Relevant actors perceive the predictions of a nuclear disaster in each stability depending on the diversity of their pre-spectival foci, which is also related to the forms of life nourished through their professional and daily lives. A distinct rivalry can be observed between the two actor-networks around nuclear emergency management in which SPEEDI is differently enrolled: the social control network and self-determination network. In the former, the residents are constituted as passive selves who obediently follow governmental instructions; in the latter, residents are included as autonomous subjects who can actively decide protective actions. Moreover, I discuss future postphenomenology–ANT studies on predictive technologies based on these analyses.
Statistical Analysis of Long-Term Aging Parameters of Laboratory- and Field-Aged Asphalt Binders Considering Rheological and Chemical Properties
Authors: Jitong Ding , Jiwang Jiang , Fujian Ni , Shengjia Xie
Published: April 2023

Aging has long been recognized as an important factor that accelerates damage to flexible pavements. This study investigates the effects of long-term aging protocols on critical rheological and chemical parameters in the laboratory and field by focusing on the evaluation of aged binders under various aging conditions. To fabricate aged binders with various long-term aging levels, five laboratory aging protocols were considered, including a standard pressure aging vessel for binder and loose-mix aging protocols (70°C, 85°C, 95°C, and 135°C) with various aging durations. The rheological properties and chemical composition of laboratory-aged binders were extensively evaluated. For comparison, field-aged binders were extracted from 14 top layers and measured in a similar manner. A general linear model statistical analysis was conducted on the relationship between the rheological and chemical parameters to explore the potential differences between various aging protocols. Loose-mix aging in the range of 70–95° was found to be relatively closer to the in situ aging trend using statistical analyses. The results of this work provide a reasonable simulation of long-term-aged in-service asphalt pavement that can assist in material selection, mixture design, and maintenance operations.
Long-term Outcomes After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement for Patients With Borderline Dysplasia
Authors: Selley Ryan S. , Day Molly A. , Olsen Reena , Buza Stephanie S. , Sink Ernest L. , Ranawat Anil S. , Kelly Bryan T. , Nawabi Danyal H.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Outcomes after isolated hip arthroscopic surgery for patients with dysplasia have been unfavorable. Results have included iatrogenic instability and conversion to total hip arthroplasty at a young age. However, patients with borderline dysplasia (BD) have shown more favorable results at short- and medium-term follow-up.

Purpose:

To assess long-term outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement in patients with BD (lateral center-edge angle [LCEA] = 18°-25°) compared with a control group of patients without dysplasia (LCEA = 26°-40°).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We identified a group of 33 patients (38 hips) with BD who were treated for FAI between March 2009 and July 2012. An age- and sex-matched control group of 83 patients (96 hips) was also identified. Patient-reported outcome scores were collected preoperatively and subsequently at a mean of 9.6 years postoperatively.

Results:

The mean LCEA and Tönnis angle were 22.42°± 2.02° and 6.27°± 3.23° in the BD group, respectively, and 31.71°± 3.52° and 2.42°± 3.02° in the control group, respectively ( P < .001). At a mean follow-up of 9.6 years (range, 8.2-11.6 years), there was a significant improvement in all patient-reported outcome scores in both groups ( P < .001). There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative scores or rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference between the BD and control groups. Bilateral surgery was noted to be a risk factor for any revision during the follow-up period ( P < .001). There were 2 hips (5.3%) that underwent revision surgery in the BD group and 10 hips (10.4%) in the control group; of these, 1 patient in the BD group underwent total hip arthroplasty, and 1 patient who had undergone bilateral surgery in the control group underwent bilateral hip resurfacing.

Conclusion:

Durable outcomes (>9 years) with low revision rates can be expected after hip arthroscopic surgery with an approach that involves labral preservation where possible and careful attention to capsular closure in patients with BD. The observed outcomes were similar to those of a femoroacetabular impingement group with normal coverage. These results highlight the importance of classifying patients into impingement or instability categories and tailoring treatment appropriately with arthroscopic surgery or periacetabular osteotomy, respectively.
Experimental study on the effect of luteolin on the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of inflammation-related mediators in lipopolysaccharide-induced keratinocytes
Authors: Wang Xinpei , Yao Yue , Li Yexian , Guo Shujing , Li Yanjia , Zhang Guoqiang
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study aimed at exploring the effects of luteolin on psoriasis-like cell model proliferation, apoptosis regulation and the expression of inflammation-related mediators.

Methods

A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the survival rate of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK cells) following stimulation with luteolin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and interleukin (IL)-6 after LPS stimulation. Then a luteolin stimulation protocol (10 μmol/L, 24 h) was determined and a reasonable LPS stimulation concentration (20 μg/mL, 24 h) was chosen to establish the psoriasis cell model. Keratinocytes in luteolin pre-treatment and control groups were stimulated with 20 μg/mL LPS for 24 h, and the expressions of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 were detected by western blot and RT-qPCR. The apoptosis of HaCaT cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of psoriasis-related inflammatory factors.

Results

CCK-8 assay indicated that luteolin inhibited the proliferation of keratinocytes. LPS stimulated the proliferation of keratinocytes and upregulated the expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced psoriasis-like changes. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 were decreased in the luteolin pre-stimulation group ( p < 0.05). Treatment with luteolin downregulated the expression of the LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes ( p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that luteolin induced HaCaT cells apoptosis. Finally, ELISA results demonstrated that luteolin inhibited the release of the IL-17, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the pre-stimulation group ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study confirmed that luteolin can effectively relieve inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced keratinocyte models of psoriasis, which suggested the potential of luteolin in treating psoriasis.
Sandwich designs for high levels of noise and vibrations
Authors: Kadioglu Ferhat , Polat Mehmet Ziya
Published: April 2023

Lightweight materials with high structural damping and reasonably well flexural performance are demanded in some components of aerial vehicles such as interior part of helicopters where high levels of noise and vibrations exist. One of the best choices for this is through the use of a polymer matrix composite with suitable fiber orientations and a structural foam core. In this study, face sheets from a woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer plies and a foam core with three different thicknesses (10.7 mm, 25.4 mm, and 49.8 mm) have been used to manufacture sandwich structures to yield high dynamic values (damping and flexural rigidity). To measure these values, the sandwich beams with free-free boundary conditions were subjected to free vibration tests using a non-contact response measuring system. The measurements were made for the first, second and third natural frequencies, and compared to numerical modal analysis via the ANSYS package program. The results from experimental and numerical methods are found to be reasonably good in agreement and show that the sandwich structures are able to give high damping values, in general. It seems the specimens with relatively low thickness give relatively high damping values compared to the others, whereas the thicker ones are useful for high frequency domains and flexural rigidity. The behaviors of the beams have been found frequency dependent, due to the viscoelastic behavior of the foam cores at high frequency levels.
Interpersonal Curiosity and its Association With Social and Emotional Skills and Well-Being During Adolescence
Authors: Han Jinjoo , Way Niobe , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Clarke Crystal
Published: April 2023

While intellectual curiosity has been widely studied in the field of child development, interpersonal curiosity and its association with social and emotional skills and well-being has rarely been investigated. This mixed-methods study explored the dimensions of interpersonal curiosity, examined how each dimension was associated with social and emotional skills and well-being, and investigated the moderating role of gender among middle school students. 389 seventh-grade students in seven public middle schools in New York City (Mage = 12.52; 48% female) completed an online survey that included an interpersonal question-generation measure. The sample was racially/ethnically diverse: Asian (36%), White (29%), Latino/a (16%), African American (13%), and Other (6%). Content analysis guided by grounded theory approach revealed four dimensions of interpersonal curiosity: Curiosity about Me (15%), Curiosity about You (33%), Curiosity about Our Relationship (3%), and Curiosity about Your Relationships (6%). Results indicated that the dimensions of interpersonal curiosity were positively associated with social and emotional skills and well-being, and that gender moderated such associations. Our findings suggest the need to investigate this multidimensional construct and consider it a core component of healthy adolescent development.
Investigation on the mechanical properties of natural composites made with Indian almond fiber and neem seed particulates
Authors: Babu Bichu , Bensam Raj J , Jeya Raj R , Roshan Xavier X
Published: April 2023

Features such as environment friendly and low cost attract the industrialists toward natural composites. The utilization of agricultural wastes in the manufacturing of natural composites expands its usage in several industrial applications. Hence, the research on the extensive usage of agricultural wastes is still required. Consequently, in this research, an attempt has been made to fabricate the natural composites using the agricultural wastes like Indian almond fruit and neem seed. Indian almond fiber was extracted from the fruit and neem seed were converted into powder form. Composite was prepared by conventional hand layup technique. The fiber quantity was kept as constant and neem seed particle (NSP) volume fractions were varied from 2.5 to 10 wt%. Mechanical tests like tensile, flexural, impact and hardness were determined. Results indicated that the fiber and NSP showed good reinforcement effect. The Indian almond composite (IAC) with 7.5 wt% NSP, that is, IAC/7.5 wt% NSP composite, exhibited the better mechanical properties. Further, the IAC/10 wt% NSP composite displayed the less water absorption and least degradation. This study suggests that the IAC/7.5 wt% NSP composite could be used in industrial applications due to its good mechanical properties.
Erosion wear analysis of coconut shell dust filled epoxy composites using computational fluid dynamics and Taguchi method
Authors: Pradhan Priyabrat , Purohit Abhilash , Mohanty Itishree , Jena Hemalata , Sahoo Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: April 2023

This article depicts the solid particle erosion wear behavior of the coconut shell dust-filled epoxy composites. The erosion wear behavior of the composites is evaluated by a solid erosion test rig according to Taguchi’s design-of-experiment approach. The experiments are carried out by both sand and Al2O3 erodent. The study shows that the inclusion of coconut shell dust improves the erosion behavior of epoxy resin. The wear behavior analysis also reveals that erodent size, angle of impingement (B), and impact velocity (C) are the most significant factors in that sequence that influence the erosion rate of the composites. Further, computational fluid dynamics analysis (CFD) is implemented to study the temperature and velocity gradient of the composites under an erosive environment. The experimental results are validated with CFD simulation results, and both values are found to be in better agreement.
Lonely Individuals Process the World in Idiosyncratic Ways
Authors: Baek Elisa C. , Hyon Ryan , López Karina , Du Meng , Porter Mason A. , Parkinson Carolyn
Published: April 2023

Loneliness is detrimental to well-being and is often accompanied by self-reported feelings of not being understood by other people. What contributes to such feelings in lonely people? We used functional MRI of 66 first-year university students to unobtrusively measure the relative alignment of people’s mental processing of naturalistic stimuli and tested whether lonely people actually process the world in idiosyncratic ways. We found evidence for such idiosyncrasy: Lonely individuals’ neural responses were dissimilar to those of their peers, particularly in regions of the default-mode network in which similar responses have been associated with shared perspectives and subjective understanding. These relationships persisted when we controlled for demographic similarities, objective social isolation, and individuals’ friendships with each other. Our findings raise the possibility that being surrounded by people who see the world differently from oneself, even if one is friends with them, may be a risk factor for loneliness.
Cross-Modal Facilitation of Episodic Memory by Sequential Action Execution
Authors: Gasser Camille , Davachi Lila
Published: April 2023

Throughout our lives, the actions we produce are often highly familiar and repetitive (e.g., commuting to work). However, layered upon these routine actions are novel, episodic experiences. Substantial research has shown that prior knowledge can facilitate learning of conceptually related new information. But despite the central role our behavior plays in real-world experience, it remains unclear how engagement in a familiar sequence of actions influences memory for unrelated, nonmotor information coincident with those actions. To investigate this, we had healthy young adults encode novel items while simultaneously following a sequence of actions (key presses) that was either predictable and well-learned or random. Across three experiments ( N = 80 each), we found that temporal order memory, but not item memory, was significantly enhanced for novel items encoded while participants executed predictable compared with random action sequences. These results suggest that engaging in familiar behaviors during novel learning scaffolds within-event temporal memory, an essential feature of episodic experiences.
No(cebo) Vax: COVID-19 Vaccine Beliefs Are Important Determinants of Both Occurrence and Perceived Severity of Common Vaccines’ Adverse Effects
Authors: Mattarozzi Katia , Bagnis Arianna , Kłosowska Joanna , Bąbel Przemysław , Cremonini Valeria , De Palma Alessandra , Fabbri Arianna , Farinella Elisa , Puccini Lucrezia , Sambri Vittorio , Semprini Simona , Russo Paolo Maria
Published: April 2023

This study highlights the role of psychological influences in triggering and amplifying the adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., nocebo effects). Fear, beliefs, and expectations about the COVID-19 vaccine, trust in health and scientific institutions, and stable personality traits were measured in 315 adult Italian citizens (145 men) during the 15-min waiting time after vaccination. The occurrence and severity of 10 potential adverse effects were assessed 24 hr later. Nonpharmacological variables predicted nearly 30% of the severity of the vaccine’s adverse effects. Expectations are important determinants of adverse effects from vaccines, and the results of the path analyses show that these expectations stem primarily from people’s vaccine beliefs and attitudes, which can be changed. Implications for increasing vaccine acceptability and limiting the nocebo effect are discussed.
Simmel’s sociology of time: On temporal coordination and acceleration
Authors: Staudacher Cassiopea
Published: April 2023

Time plays an integral role in understanding how the social is possible. However, most discussions of sociological classical thinkers—such as Georg Simmel—remain starkly underexplored in terms of their theories’ temporal presuppositions. While most responses to Simmel’s work credit him for his major contributions to the sociology of space, in this paper I aim to systematically reconstruct his explicit and implicit temporal assumptions and explore how these inform some of his social-theoretical writings and his sharp temporal diagnosis of modernity. For this purpose, I re-evaluate some of his central works using a theory distinction between social-theory, which aims to answer what constitutes the social, versus theory-of-society, where the key focus is what form or forms human societies have taken so far, and especially what form modern society takes. By offering a new reading of Simmel’s philosophical and sociological writings, I formulate a comprehensive social theory of time, in which time is both located within individual consciousness and reciprocally mediated by a culturally fixed and supra-individual timeframe, thus highlighting the temporal tensions between individual flexibility and social standardization and coordination. Simmel’s diagnosis of modernity reveals a conceptualization of time in spatialized terms, a monetization of time, and an acceleration of life.