bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The method of decomposition of the values of two-dimensional spectral features of remote sensing based on the analysis of the components of the correlation coef cient
Authors: Lapko A. V. , Lapko V. A.
Published: August 2024

A technique has been developed for decomposing the values of two-dimensional spectral features according to their components of correlation coeffi cients. A close analogue of the proposed methodology are automatic classification algorithms. The basis of the methodology is the analysis of the proposed indicator – the products of normalized values of spectral features and their probability density. A nonparametric Rosenblatt-Parzen estimate is used to reconstruct the probability density from the initial statistical data. The peculiarity of the proposed indicator and the user-selected threshold values of the indicator make it possible to form variants of the decomposition of the initial statistical data and mapping of the results obtained during the computational experiment. Using a human-machine decomposition procedure for the values of two-dimensional spectral features, it is possible to circumvent the problem of solving optimization problems when using automatic classifi cation algorithms and use information about the relationship between spectral features in the elements of the earth’s surface. The results of the application of the technique in the processing of remote sensing data of the forest area and their comparison with the initial information are considered. Spectral features have been established, which mainly determine the decomposition between dead wood and other forest conditions. The obtained results reveal their development in the formation of sets of spectral features in the assessment of the states of natural objects.
Estimation of the error of digital modeling of vibration ef ects on onboard radio-electronic equipment
Authors: Yurkov N. K. , Grigoryev A. V. , Danilova E. A. , Kochegarov I. I. , Goryachev N. V.
Published: August 2024

An analysis of the destructive effect of external vibrations on radio-electronic equipment located on moving objects was carried out. The relevance of digital modeling of vibration impacts, aimed at long-term forecasting of the processes of origin and development of defects in on-board radio-electronic equipment, is substantiated. Vibration effects are considered from two points of view: on the one hand, as a factor in the destruction of equipment, on the other, as an informative signal indicating the nature and extent of this destruction. As equipment becomes more complex, the requirements for the adequacy of models and methods for assessing modeling errors increase. Digital modeling uses matrices constructed based on the equilibrium equations of elasticity theory. Based on these matrices, Lame coeffi cients are calculated and boundary conditions are formed. In the article, an explicit difference scheme is obtained, intended for the numerical solution of the system of equilibrium equations of the theory of elasticity. Factors infl uencing the modeling error have been identifi ed. The principles for calculating the vibration modeling error are formulated. Functionals are presented and justifi ed that connect the amplitude modeling error with the speed of vibration propagation in the medium under study and with the number of nodes of the discrete model for each projection of the vibration wave propagation vector. A specifi c numerical example shows how these functionals allow solving optimization problems.
Analysis of the limits of applicability of photomultiplier as part of a laser Doppler anemometer
Authors: Rakhmanov V. V. , Kashkarova M. V. , Kakaulin S. V. , Zubanov K. S. , Dvoynishnikov S. V.
Published: August 2024

This paper considers the use of laser Doppler anemometry methods for non-contact measurement of the velocity of a moving medium in various phase states. It notes the specifi city of conditions of application of laser Doppler anemometers, in that in a number of cases there are restrictions on the use of photomultipliers. In order to find an alternative to the classic photomultiplier of a laser Doppler anemometer, three types of photomultipliers were investigated: classic electric vacuum; silicon avalanche multipixel; with microchannel plate. Physical experiments were conducted to measure the velocity of aero- and hydrodynamic fl ows by laser Doppler anemometer with photomultipliers of three types. The velocities of a rotating glass disk, aerodynamic fl ow in a channel of rectangular cross-section, and aerosol flow, as well as hydrodynamic flooded jet, were measured. The obtained experimental data were analyzed according to the criteria for assessing the quality (efficiency) of operation and finding the limits of applicability of the specified photomultipliers. Based on the physical properties of the studied photomultipliers, their efficiency indicators in various experiments are explained. The boundaries of the effective use of these photomultipliers in a wide class of physical experiments are determined. The results obtained are important for researchers involved in the study of aero- and hydrodynamic flows, where accurate and reliable measurements of flow velocity are required. The choice of an optimal photomultiplier tube for the laser anemometer allows increasing the accuracy and ease of obtaining experimental data and reducing the cost of the final equipment.
State primary special standard of complex refractive index and length in the field of measuring the thickness of optical coatings GET 203-2024
Authors: Vishnyakov G. N. , Minaev V. L. , Samoylenko A. A.
Published: August 2024

In many areas of science and technology, there is a task to measure the optical and geometric characteristics of thin fi lms. The need to ensure the uniformity of measurements in this area led to the creation of the State primary standard of complex refractive index units GET 203-2012. In it, the complex refractive index was measured using spectral ellipsometry by measuring ellipsometric angles. However, this standard did not provide metrological support for coating thickness measurements when measuring their complex refractive index. In the period 2020–2023, VNIIOFI GET 203-2012 improved and expanded its functionality in terms of reproducing the unit of length in the fi eld of thickness measurements of optical coatings. The improved standard has been approved as the State primary special standard for units of complex refractive index and units of length in the fi eld of thickness measurements of optical coatings GET 203-2024. GET 203-2024 ensures the unity of measurements of complex refractive index and units of length in the fi eld of optical thickness measurements in the range from 1 nm to 50 μm. The range expansion was achieved by introducing an ellipsometer with an infrared range wavelength range equipped with an FTIR Fourier spectrometer. This range expansion is important for such industries as optics, microelectronics, optoelectronics, integrated optics and other areas of science and technology. This article presents the composition, operating principle and main metrological characteristics of GET 203-2024.
System for control the power of an on-board signal generator of an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Zavgorodnii A. S. , Filippov D. A.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the issues of calibration of the transmission coeffi cient of the antenna system of a ground station for monitoring the energy characteristics of signals from global navigation satellite systems are considered. The most commonly used method for calibrating the transmission coeffi cient of large-aperture mirror antenna systems based on solar radio emission is presented, its advantages and disadvantages are described. To eliminate the disadvantages of calibration based on solar radio emission (a limited range of working angles of the site, the need to involve thirdparty data on the spectral intensity of solar radio emission), an alternative approach to calibration based on an artifi cial source of radio emission placed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle is considered. The features of this approach are indicated – the need to work in the near zone of the measured antenna system, as well as the movement of an artifi cial radio source in a plane parallel to the plane of the aperture of the antenna system. A block diagram of the payload of an unmanned aerial vehicle for measurements in the near zone of the antenna system being measured has been developed. The results of a study of the characteristics of the payload signal generator of an unmanned aerial vehicle are carried out. A solution is proposed to eliminate the error in setting the output power of the signal generator (the difference between the nominal and actual signal power) from the measurement results. The necessity of using a control signal power meter and a bandpass fi lter as part of the payload is shown. A subsystem for monitoring the output power of the signal generator has been designed. Payload components have been selected that meet the limitation on weight and size characteristics. The possibility of remotely connecting the operator to the payload equipment of an unmanned aerial vehicle has been implemented. The perspective of the development of the payload layout is described.
Islam dan Negara: Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Cuti Pekerja Wanita Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan
Authors: Rahma Fitri Maisyithoh , Mumtazinur Mumtazinur , Mubarak Husni
Published: August 2024

Law Number 6 of 2023 on Employment provides a strong legal foundation for upholding the rights of female workers, including the right to menstrual leave. This study delves into the right to menstrual leave from the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah within the context of the principle of Mabda al-Musawah (equality) and responsive law. This principle emphasizes the importance of equal treatment without gender discrimination and the need for laws that are responsive to social changes to ensure regulations can protect the rights of female workers and create an inclusive work environment. In Islamic law, the principles of mabda al-musawah and responsive law underscore the importance of justice for female workers and emphasize equality before the law regardless of gender. The research method involves literature studies with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that the principle of mabda al-musawah emphasizes the importance of equality and fair treatment for all workers without gender discrimination and provides opportunities for female workers to rest without losing their right to wages. The principle of responsive law emphasizes the adaptability of laws to social changes and community needs, which is relevant to the specific needs of female workers related to the menstrual cycle. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the principles of mabda al-musawah and responsive law in menstrual leave rights is not explicitly regulated, indicating that the law does not adequately meet the needs of female workers. Additionally, the payment of wages during leave, which depends on agreements with employers, can disadvantage workers. The legislative process that lacks the involvement of society, especially workers and women, shows that this law is not fully responsive
“It was difficult to understand the system”: developing a coordinator role to support international nursing students- A qualitative study
Authors: Mccullough Kylie , Gibson Nick , Graf Amanda , Beament Tania , Adama Esther , Ferguson Neil , Kirk Deborah , Muge Joyce
Published: August 2024

International students are an important component of the host country and universities bringing economic, social, and community contributions. International students are the most vulnerable students with challenges related to academic expectations, language proficiency, and socio-cultural integration. This study explores the challenges of international students in a Western Australian School of Nursing and Midwifery. An exploratory questionnaire (n=10), three focus groups (n=15) and a quality improvement survey (n=80) informed this study. Four themes emerged: stress in the first weeks, incorrect and/or late enrolments, lack of guidance and support, and system navigation nightmares. Other issues included: accommodation, culture shock, financial concerns, information needs, and peer support. These findings led to the instigation of an international academic coordinator role as a single point of contact and increasing resources within the university faculty provided additional support to the international students.
Realities and Challenges of Internationalizing Administrative Staff at Japanese Universities
Authors: Cho Shinichi
Published: August 2024

This study explores the realities and challenges of the internationalization of university administrative staff in Japanese universities empirically because of the increasing globalization of higher education. The functions and roles of administrative staff from the policy perspective with the implementation of mandatory staff development (SD) and reforms to the standards for establishing universities have been considered. This study also attempts to describe the following three aspects: foreign nature of administrative staff, working and/or training overseas experience, and administrative staff’s educational background. The survey data were obtained from available public information on the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) website, particularly the project plans of the Top Global University (TGU) Project, related policy documents. This project includes 37 universities that are conducting world-leading research activities and leading the globalization of Japanese society. In particular, this study focuses 13 Japanese leading universities that are conducting world-level education and research. The results of the data analysis reveal that acquired insights can also become useful inputs for developing university policies in relation to recruitment guidelines and methods and staff training and “human capital development system” in Japanese universities. The conclusion and implications could contribute to the policy making and SD of the internationalizing administrative staff in various countries in terms of foreignness, oversea experience, and educational background.
Visible but invisible: Chinese international students’ experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and academic institutions’ support
Authors: Huang Xin
Published: August 2024

This study applies the hermeneutical phenomenological approach, guided by Critical Race Theory, to explicate a nuanced understanding of the way Chinese international students’ racial identity shapes the challenges that they faced during the pandemic and their experience of academic institutions’ support during this time. The current study highlights the pervasive anti-Asian racism that directly and indirectly contributed to Chinese international students’ negative experiences studying in Canada during the pandemic. The findings also highlight the lack of support from academic institutions, despite the rising anti-Asian racism faced by this group of students. Furthermore, this study calls attention to the consideration of race in developing support programs for racialized international students. Recommendations for universities to better support international students (Chinese or otherwise) are developed.
An Exploratory Survey of Post-Graduation Employment Location Preferences Among International Students in Missouri, USA
Authors: Kaemmerer James , Foulkes Matt
Published: August 2024

This study examined the post-graduation employment location preferences of international students preparing to participate in the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program in the United States. An exploratory survey asked international students in their final semesters at three midwestern public universities to indicate their employment location preferences via an online text- and map-based questionnaire. Two main questions guided the research: 1) Do international students hold employment location preferences prior to graduation? and 2) Where in the United States do international students applying for OPT prefer to work? Results indicated the affirmative and that preference geographies extend well beyond the state in which the students earned their degrees. In applying for OPT, participants in this study signaled their intent to remain in-country. As such, the scale of analysis shifts from traditional country-to-country migration flows of international students to the internal movements within the host country in anticipation of post-graduation employment.
Pre-Service Teaching and Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) in A Diverse and Democratic South African School Setting: A Social Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Pietersen Doniwen , Langeveldt Dean
Published: August 2024

In diverse South African social contexts, what works best for pre-service teachers in order to gain the practical knowledge and abilities necessary for effective classroom instruction? This research will explore this question as it relates to work-integrated learning (WIL), the learning that occurs when students are linked with workplaces in their chosen field of study. The success of WIL models employed in South African schools varies, underscoring the need to identify the best practical and philosophical models. Several practical and theoretical models, including the block practicum model, the distributed model and the concurrent model, have been identified through a thorough assessment of the literature and a consideration of various universities as case studies that have adopted best-practice models. Effective WIL models should include a balance of theoretical and practical learning, appropriate support and mentorship, and collaboration between higher-education institutions and schools. Each of these models has strengths and weaknesses. Implementing WIL in South African schools faces significant challenges, including limited resources, insufficient infrastructure and a lack of coordination between tertiary institutions and schools. Specific challenges identified from the existing literature include a shortage of qualified supervisors and inadequate student preparation for the practicum. Policymakers should prioritize WIL in their education policies, allocate resources accordingly and promote collaboration between tertiary institutions and external stakeholders, such as schools and communities, to ensure the success of WIL. The framework that underpins this research is social learning theory, which places WIL in context because sociological learning occurs largely through observation. The article contributes to our understanding of how WIL models assist future educators (pre-service teachers) and schools in addressing the unique demands and difficulties of democratic and diverse South African classroom environments. This includes having specialized experts available and providing appropriate resources, such as professional development and support, to help student teachers during their practicum experience.
Power Paradigm Unleashed: The (Re)Configuration of International Higher Education Arising from the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and What it Means for Higher Education
Authors: Adam Edmund
Published: August 2024

The war in Ukraine has opened a Pandora’s Box of internationalization concerns that, heretofore, took a backseat to concerns with the effectiveness and sustainability of the field. In analyzing the impact of the war on international higher education, scholars offered various assessments of the conflict’s effects, especially in the combatant countries and post-Soviet Eurasia: e.g., the disruption of organizational forms and methods of internationalization in Ukraine, the forced relocation of international students and faculty, and the creation of special programs to accommodate transferring international students from Russian and Ukrainian universities. Each of these assessments catches aspects of the emerging reality. Yet, they miss a crucial change that the war has triggered: ideational change regarding the rationales, norms, and values that underpin internationalization and shape the behavior of states and other related actors. Through this work, I advance this line of inquiry and examine its problematic implications for policy and practice.
Understanding Internationalization of Higher Education in the Context of the Ukrainian War: Critical Conversations from Kazakhstan
Authors: Hwami Munyaradzi
Published: August 2024

The paper argues that the conflict in Ukraine is promoting and accelerating the Westernization of the region's higher education. The paper employs Mignolo's (2011) geopolitics of knowledge as the theoretical framework to illustrate how internationalization promotes the adoption of Western/English liberal education and the war is speeding up the process. Using focus groups and open-ended questionnaires, I capture conversations with local and international graduate students in Kazakhstan to demonstrate that Western education is acquired to 1) accelerate the de-Russification of Kazakhstan by moving away from the former colonizer, 2) use English to undermine the Russian language and cement Kazakhstan's independence from Russia, 3) acquire internationally recognized English credentials for global/Western competitiveness. The participants in this study framed their decision to pursue university graduate studies as freedom from the Soviet system, de-Russification, acquiring cultural capital and global competence, underscoring the high value that some graduate students have for an English credential.
Exploring STEM students’ international mobility in Kazakhstan in the Context of the Russia-Ukraine War Conflict
Authors: Almukhambetova Ainur , Sparks Jason , Sergazina Manat , Ospanbek Assylzhan
Published: August 2024

Using the pull-and-push model as a main theoretical framework, this qualitative interview-based study explores the changes in STEM students’ intentions to pursue international mobility in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war and the factors related to students’ mobility decisions in the context of geopolitical tensions.  The findings suggest that in situations with military conflict, STEM students are ‘pulled’ and ‘pushed’ to make decisions under the influence of the factors located both on the receiving and domestic sides, and the decisions of whether to pursue international mobility were primarily driven by safety, financial, and social tension concerns. The study's findings offer some theoretical and practical implications of the changes in student mobility in the context of war conflict for higher education institutions internationally.
Bearing the Woken Bear: Kazakhstani Educators Making Sense of the Russian Invasion in Ukraine and its Consequences for Internationalization of Higher Education in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kuzhabekova Aliya
Published: August 2024

This paper explores how faculty in Kazakhstan perceive the current and potential effects of the Russia-Ukraine war and sanctions on internationalization and international mobility in higher education in the Central Asian country. The purpose of the study was to provide some initial insights into the perceived effects of the conflict on international mobility and higher education in the country, which has the longest border with Russia. The study uses grounded theory as an approach to research design. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews whereby the participants were selected from among faculty of Kazakhstani universities using a combination of snowball and maximal-variation sampling approaches. The results of the analysis revealed that the participants interpret the impacts of the conflict predominantly in neoliberal terms with only some faculty members noting potential effects in terms of academic colonialism. Identified themes are best interpreted in terms of the conceptual construct of capital. We suggest a combination of several capital theories as a potential theoretical framework for understanding perceptions of the effects of war on internationalization and international mobility in higher education.
Exploring the Impact of War on International Community College Students from Ukraine: A Case Study from Toronto
Authors: Legusov Oleg , Antonenko Oleksandr
Published: August 2024

Since the full-scale war in Ukraine began in February 2022, many Ukrainians have migrated abroad. Canada, with its tradition of welcoming refugees and other displaced persons and its large Ukrainian community, has accepted thousands of Ukrainian migrants. After arriving in Canada, some decided to enroll in community colleges to improve their labor-market skills and to facilitate their transition to life in Canada. This empirical study draws on the psychological resilience theory and the social support theory to examine the challenges these students face, the coping mechanisms they use, and the support they receive from their colleges and Canadian society. The findings reveal that the participants experience stress, anxiety, helplessness, and isolation, owing to concerns about family members in Ukraine and difficulty adapting to a foreign environment. Financial worries also loom large because of their families’ loss of property and income, as well as their limited job opportunities in Canada.
Social Media Sanctuaries: A Discourse Analysis of Indian International Students’ Agency & Liminality During the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
Authors: Sicka Bhavika , Ungo Nadiya , Gregory Dennis
Published: August 2024

This study used a social media discourse analysis approach to illuminate the narratives of Indian international students in Ukraine who experienced displacement and upheaval because of the Russo-Ukrainian war. We used agency and liminality as analytic lenses to highlight how this uniquely situated population used Facebook to navigate conflict, voice their demands, support each other, challenge hegemonic narratives, re/construct their diasporic identities, and re-orient their futures. Findings indicate that Indian international students in Ukraine displayed insurmountable courage and resilience during the war, enacting agency from the margins to amplify their voices and actuate desired futures. Furthermore, South Asian students in Ukraine put aside their religious, ethnic, national, and caste conflicts to come together as a collective, uplifting each other and centering humanity. Little is known about how international students, especially from non-Anglocentric, peripheralized European countries negotiate power and navigate crises during war. This study fills an important lacuna in the literature on internationalization, migrant studies, and higher education.
Academic Exodus from Russia: Unravelling the Crisis
Authors: Chankseliani Maia , Belkina Elizaveta
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on Russia's academic sector, relying on the limited evidence available. The invasion has triggered an academic exodus from Russia, with immediate and far-reaching consequences. These consequences range from the interruption of ongoing research projects and termination of international collaborations to the emergence of an intellectual void, raising concerns about the future of academic pursuits in Russia. Conventional models for understanding academic mobility, which focus mainly on professional and economic incentives, prove inadequate in accounting for the complexities introduced by geopolitical strife, international sanctions, and curtailed academic freedoms. This paper calls for an interdisciplinary approach incorporating perspectives from political science, sociology, and international relations for a richer understanding of academic migration in conflict-affected settings. The Russia-Ukraine war serves as an important case study, shedding light on the vulnerabilities of academic sectors, even in the aggressor country where the physical conflict is not occurring, and offering broader insights for the field of academic mobility.
How Geopolitics Shapes Higher Education Internationalization: Institutional Responses to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Tamtik Merli , Felder Alina Jasmin
Published: August 2024

Values such as peace, mutual understanding, and solidarity have long been subsidiary to the aim of pursuing competition and revenue through the internationalization of higher education (HE). With the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, higher education institutions demonstrated strong support for peace and solidarity. Yet, the extent to which we are witnessing a return to an international politics rationale driving HE internationalization remains unclear. Using Canada and Germany as case studies, this paper compares how international conflict impacts HE internationalization practices from a host institution perspective. The developed theoretical framework connects HE crisis literature with novel approaches to HE institutions in global geopolitics. Data were analyzed through critical policy analysis, focusing on university presidents’ statements and institutional press releases. The key finding suggests the dominance of the logic of appropriateness whereby a geopolitical rationale governs institutional responses in a context where widely shared democratic values are under attack.
Attitudes towards Language(s) of Instruction in Higher Education Institutions of Science and Technology in Morocco
Authors: Mustapha Chihab  , Mohamed Benmhamed  , Mahmoud Belmekki  , Lahcen Belmekki  , Bani Koumachi
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, the language of instruction has become a bone of contention among educationalists, experts and language policy specialists in the Moroccan linguistic landscape. It is widely observed that French is the language of instruction in almost all higher education institutions of science and technology throughout Morocco. However, there have been calls to restore French by English since the latter is gaining grounds globally as a language of instruction in the fields of science and technology. This debate reflects controversy and diversity of views concerning the most appropriate and effective language of instruction. This study aims at contributing to this ongoing debate regarding this complex issue. Therefore, the focus is on exploring university professors and students’ attitudes towards their preferred language of instruction and learning especially in higher education institutions of science and technology. The data was collected using two questionnaires administered to university professors and engineering students in the National School for Applied Sciences in Marrakech. The data was analyzed quantitatively to investigate the participants’ preferences over the language of instruction in this educational context. The findings of the study show that both students and professors hold positive attitudes towards French and English with more preference for English as a language of instruction. The paper concludes by discussing some implications and recommendations especially for language planning and language policy as it will serve as a solid background and reference for educators and researchers.
The Impact of Code Switching on Moroccan EFL Teachers’ Language proficiency
Authors: ABDELMOUNAIM RAMILA  , Mohamed Benmhamed
Published: August 2024

This study explores the impact of code-switching on the language proficiency of Moroccan EFL teachers. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining surveys, interviews, and classroom observations to explore how code-switching affects teachers' language skills. The findings reveal that code-switching is a prevalent practice, primarily used to facilitate comprehension and classroom management in multilingual settings. While teachers view it as an effective strategy for bridging linguistic gaps, there are concerns about its long-term implications. Survey results show a high frequency of code-switching, suggesting its effectiveness in addressing linguistic diversity. However, interviews highlight a divide in perceptions, with some teachers fearing that frequent code-switching may limit their exposure to English and reduce opportunities for spontaneous language practice. Classroom observations support the strategic use of code-switching to enhance teaching effectiveness, though excessive use may hinder both teachers' and students' language development by limiting immersion in English. The study underscores the need for a balanced approach to code-switching, ensuring it serves pedagogical goals without compromising language proficiency.
Improving EFL Education in Morocco: Strategies for Success
Authors: ABDELMOUNAIM RAMILA  , Mohamed Benmhamed
Published: August 2024

This article explores the current state of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education in Morocco, identifies key challenges, and proposes strategies for improvement. Through a mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews with EFL teachers and students, the study highlights issues such as inadequate teacher training, out-dated curricula, and limited access to resources. The findings suggest that professional development for teachers, curriculum reform, integration of technology, and student-centred teaching approaches are crucial for enhancing EFL education in Morocco. The article concludes with practical recommendations and a call for policy support.
Böhler’s and Gissane’s Angles of the Calcaneus in Bangladeshi Male
Authors: Islam AHM Mazharul , Naushaba Humaira , Akter Tahmina , Jebin Suraiya , Moin Sharna , Singha Partha Sarathi
Published: August 2024

Context: Böhler’s angle and Gissane’s angle are commonly used to evaluate the severity of a calcaneal fracture and the goal of a surgical treatment is to restore these angles to normal values. Since the calcaneus is a weight bearing bone the calcaneal angles can possibly vary in different races due to variation in built and load bearing. Many studies were carried out in various populations to determine normal values of Böhler’s angle and Gissane’s angle. However, there is no published article on this topic in Bangladesh. So, this study was aimed to establish the standard data of Böhler’s angle and Gissane’s angle in adult Bangladeshi male and to make comparison with previous studies on other populations. Materials & Methods: Digital radiographs of left foot in lateral view in bilateral standing position were taken from 50 consented male students of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka aged between 21 to 26 years without any history of foot deformities and injuries. These radiographs of foot were imaged with a digital camera according to scale and were transferred to a computer. From these images Böhler’s angle and Gissane’s angle were measured by MB ruler software. Results: The mean±SD of Böhler’s angle and Gissane’s angle were 34.85±6.87° and 111.03±9.48° respectively.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2018, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 27-31
A Comparative Study of Anthropometry between Right and Left Hand of Bangladeshi Male Potters
Authors: Afrin Tamanna , Khatun Monira , Sumi Sharmin Akhter , Chowdhury Mahfuza
Published: August 2024

Context: Anthropometry is a series of systematized measuring techniques that quantitatively express the dimensions of the human body and skeleton. The study was aimed to measure the length, breadth, thickness and span of right and left hand of Bangladeshi male potters. Materials and Methods: One hundred adult Bangladeshi male potters age ranging from 25-55 years were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements, e.g. hand length, breadth, thickness and span were measured with the help of anthropometric equipments such as digital slide calipers and ruler. The measurements were made by same person on both hand for three times. The median value was taken for reliable values. Results: Hand breadth and span were significantly higher (p<0.05) in right hand than left hand of Bangladeshi male potters. Conclusion: In the present study significantly higher value of breadth and span in right hand than left hand was found in male potters of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2018, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 43-45
Gender Variation of Paracentral Lobule Among Bangladeshi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chowdhury Mahfuza , Khatun Monira , Ahmed Rukshana , Afrin Tamanna , Shahin Rebeka , Tripti Durratul Jannat
Published: August 2024

Background: The paracentral lobule is the area on medial surface of the cerebral cortex surrounds the indentation produced by the upper end of central sulcus on the superior border. Any trauma, tumor, or cerebral ischemia cause lesions of motor and sensory cortex of paracentral lobule. This study was carried out to observe the morphometric pattern of paracentral lobule in adult male and female Bangladeshi population for establishment of a baseline anatomical normative data of our own for future studies. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 70 adult Bangladeshi (35 male and 35 female) age ranging from 20-65 yrs were selected. CT scan image of brain in mid sagittal view was used for this study. Data were analyzed by Unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test. Results: The length of motor and sensory area and width of motor area of right and left paracentral lobule was significantly higher in male. Non-significant difference was found in width of sensory area between male and female. Conclusion: The present study reveals significant difference in morphological measurements of right and left paracentral lobule between male and female of adult Bangladeshi population.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2018, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 46-50
Laterality Defects of the Heart: A Review of the Anatomical and Cardiological Approaches
Authors: Akhter Najnin , Chowdhury MSI Tipu , Bashar Farhana , Singha Partha Sarathi , Sultana Nargis
Published: August 2024

Heart is of mesodermal origin which undergoes a complex process of development. A number of congenital anomalies were encountered at the time of its development. Very little is known about the embryological background of these anomalies. We only encountered the congenital anomalies that was occurred at the time of establishment of the left-right axis of the embryo. This review includes causes, clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, existing treatment and preventive measures if any persist for the followings: Dextrocardia, isomerism, transposition of great arteries or other forms of heterotaxy.
Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2018, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 51-55
Pipelle Endometrial Sampling Versus Fractional Curettage for evaluating patient of Postmenopausal Bleeding: A Comparative Study
Authors: Walida Salma Akhtar , Anwar Begum Rokeya , Khan Shahjada Mohammad Dastegir , Khanom Afroza , Sultana Chowdhury Shamima , Hossain Nasrin , Afroz Mahenaz , Khan Mst Farhana Tannum , Haque Humaira
Published: August 2024

Background: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is a common presentation in gynecological oncology outpatient department and it is most frequent complaints of endometrial cancer. 3-5,7 In Bangladesh, about one-third of patients visiting the gynecological oncology outpatient department with the complaints of PMB. Fractional Curettage (FC), the conventional diagnostic method, presents challenges due to invasiveness and cost. Pipelle endometrial sampling (PES) is a promising alternative that is less invasive, more convenient, and better tolerated.3 However, no study has been done in Bangladesh comparing the Pipelle endometrial sampling procedure with Fractional Curettage. This study aimed to fill this gap by comparing Pipelle endometrial sampling (PES) to FC in diagnosing PMB.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Pipelle endometrial sampling compared to Fractional Curettage in PMB patients. Specific objectives included assessing the adequacy of sample collection for definitive endometrial disease diagnosis and comparing histopathological findings between Pipelle endometrial biopsy and Fractional Curettage materials.
Methods: An observational study involving 45 PMB patients was conducted at National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka from January to December 2022. Each patient underwent both PES and FC. Histopathological results were compared, and diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for PES were calculated.
Results: PES demonstrated finally 43, 97.8% sample adequacy compared to FC’s 44, 100%. PES detected four cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, one polyp, and nine endometrial carcinoma cases, while FC found three atypical endometrial hyperplasia cases, two polyps, and ten endometrial carcinoma cases. PES exhibited 100% sensitivity, specificity, PPV, 97.72% NPV, and 97.72% diagnostic accuracy for most benign conditions. For polyps, sensitivity was 50%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 97.72%, and diagnostic accuracy 97.72%. In endometrial carcinoma cases, sensitivity reached 90%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 97.14%, and diagnostic accuracy 97.72%. Finally we have excluded 1 sample from our study group for statistical analysis.
Conclusions: PES offers a safe, accurate, cost-effective, and well-tolerated outpatient alternative for assessing endometrial pathology in PMB patients, it also preserve stromal architecture better. Its performance is comparable to FC in most of the condition, making it a valuable resource-efficient choice, especially in limited-resource settings.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2024; 50: 4-9
Role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as Early Predictor of Bacteremia in Febrile Neutropenia among The Children with Acute Leukemia
Authors: Habib Md. Imran , Karim Md Anwarul Karim , Baten Olia Sharmeen , Mily Fahmida Begum , Molla Md Lutfor Rahman , Jahan Yesmin Tanjin
Published: August 2024

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a significant complication of acute leukemia, leading to morbidity and mortality. Early detection of bacteremia is crucial for timely management, but traditional culture methods are time[1]consuming. Previous studies have suggested that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may serve as an early and convenient marker for predicting bacteremia in children with hematological malignancies and febrile neutropenia. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-6 in predicting bacteremia among children with acute leukemia and febrile neutropenia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), over a 12-month period following ethical approval. A total of 50 children with acute leukemia and febrile neutropenia were enrolled based on specific criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from parents and detailed histories, clinical examinations, and relevant investigations were performed. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 22.0.
Results: The study included patients with a mean age of 5.96±3.69 (SD) years, with a male predominance 31(62%). Among the patients, 23(46%) had microbiologically documented infection (MDI),15(30%) had clinically documented infection (CDI), and12(24%) had fever without focus (FWF). Among the isolated organisms in MDI patients,16(69.56%) were gram-negative bacteria. The mean rank of IL-6 was higher in patients with MDI compared to CDI and FWF. IL-6 showed 87% sensitivity and 76% specificity at a cutoff value of 141.95 pg/mL in the ROC curve analysis, with an area under the curve of 0.843. Increasing IL-6 levels were associated with higher odds of bacteremia in both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. No significant difference in IL-6 levels was observed between patients with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteremia.
Conclusion: This study suggests that IL-6 may play a crucial role in predicting bacteremia in febrile neutropenic patients with acute leukemia. However, further multicenter case-control studies are recommended to validate these findings.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2024; 50: 24-31
Status of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in the Secondary and Tertiary Level Hospitals in Bangladesh
Authors: Golam Nabi Shah , Shoayeb Mohammad , Tuhin Ruhul Amin , Jahan Rifat , Uddin Md Rifat , Anwar Md Tanzir , Roy Joyashish
Published: August 2024

Background: Child malnutrition is one of the most serious public health challenges. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are crucial for early childhood growth and development.
Objective: The current study was conducted to see the practice status of the elements of IYCF in the secondary and tertiary level hospitals in Bangladesh.
Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 service receivers and 142 healthcare service providers in 32 randomly selected secondary and tertiary level hospitals in Bangladesh from 1st February to 31st May 2023 to assess the status of the four elements of IYCF in the secondary and tertiary level hospitals in Bangladesh. A purposive sampling technique was adopted and a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews.
Result: The mean age of the service receivers was 26.29±5.12 years and the majority of the respondents (98.1%) were female. Regarding the practices of IYCF, 86.3% of respondents initiated early breastfeeding, 72.1% exclusively breastfed their baby, 92.3% continued breastfeeding up to 24 months and 91.8% of respondents started complementary feeding after 6 months. About 86.3% of caregivers gave homemade complementary food to their babies. Around two-thirds of service providers were female and 36.6% of them had post-graduation degrees. The majority (85.2%) of the service providers didn’t get any IYCF-related training but 81.7% of them had work experience in the IYCF program. The majority of the respondents mentioned that they practiced IYCF activities like providing support for position and attachment (98.6%), counseling the mother (99.3%), and explaining to the caregiver how to feed a sick child (94.4%). Among service providers, 91.6% had good IYCF practice and 7.7% had average IYCF practice IYCF activities.
Conclusion: Majority of the service receivers initiated early breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding up to 24 months, started complementary feeding after 6 months and more than two-thirds exclusively breastfed their babies. The majority of the service providers had good IYCF practice level but most of them didn’t get any IYCF related training.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2024; 50: 48-53
Mustahiq Local Economic Empowerment Based on Islamic Philanthropy Through Zakat at Amil Zakat Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Trimulato Trimulato
Published: August 2024

The purpose of research on how to empower local economies based on Islamic philanthropy through zakat at amil zakat institutions in Indonesia. The research findings show that the empowerment of the mustahiq local economy based on Islamic philanthropy through zakat amounted to Rp 3.52 trillion or 30.59% of the total distribution and its absorption capacity of 92.77% is said to be very effective in empowering the local economy of mustahiq in Indonesia. Then some local economic empowerment mustahiq based on Islamic philanthropy through zakat, namely Fair Wealth Distribution, Increasing Access and Welfare, Economic Infrastructure Development, Entrepreneurship Empowerment. Then social solidarity, shared responsibility, and economic benefits. The program contributes to the development of a more just, sustainable, and inclusive society. By managing zakat funds wisely, running programs transparently, and involving active community participation, Local economic empowerment of mustahiq through zakat can help overcome economic and social disparities and improve the welfare of Muslims as a whole.