bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fictions of Capture: William Faulkner in an Era of Fugitive Energy
Authors: Watson Jay
Published: March 2022

This essay examines a decade-long period of William Faulkner’s career (1938–1948) for its insights into the energy unconscious of the modern US South. This period commenced when Faulkner became an ersatz oil speculator on a 320-acre parcel of land he had acquired in Lafayette County, Mississippi. Simply envisioning his new property, which he named Greenfield Farm, as oil-bearing land would have introduced the author to key imaginative and representational problems associated with petroleum extraction, centering on oil’s geological, economic, and legal elusiveness. Faulkner’s oil fictions, however, rarely deal directly with petroleum, instead engaging oil obliquely, through other charismatic subsoil mineral resources like gold and silver and other energy stocks like horses and, more troublingly, enslaved human beings. “Living oil” (in Stephanie LeMenager’s sense) with particular intensity between 1938 and 1948—as author, as partner to prospectors—Faulkner made a distinctive contribution to US petrofiction by mapping an oil imaginary back onto commodity, energy, and racial regimes from his region’s past. That historical focus enabled the author to develop two conceits with particular resonance for his speculative venture at Greenfield Farm and for the US extractive imagination generally: the notion of the fugitive resource and of the challenges attending its capture.

Greenfield Farm was an imaginative palimpsest of African American fugitivity and petroleum fugacity . . . where the work of muscle energy and the promise of fossil energy . . . compounded each other’s value along the margin of the soil.
JIND: joint integration and discrimination for automated single-cell annotation
Authors: Goyal Mohit , Serrano Guillermo , Argemi Josepmaria , Shomorony Ilan , Hernaez Mikel , Ochoa Idoia
Published: March 2022

Motivation

An important step in the transcriptomic analysis of individual cells involves manually determining the cellular identities. To ease this labor-intensive annotation of cell-types, there has been a growing interest in automated cell annotation, which can be achieved by training classification algorithms on previously annotated datasets. Existing pipelines employ dataset integration methods to remove potential batch effects between source (annotated) and target (unannotated) datasets. However, the integration and classification steps are usually independent of each other and performed by different tools. We propose JIND (joint integration and discrimination for automated single-cell annotation), a neural-network-based framework for automated cell-type identification that performs integration in a space suitably chosen to facilitate cell classification. To account for batch effects, JIND performs a novel asymmetric alignment in which unseen cells are mapped onto the previously learned latent space, avoiding the need of retraining the classification model for new datasets. JIND also learns cell-type-specific confidence thresholds to identify cells that cannot be reliably classified.

Results

We show on several batched datasets that the joint approach to integration and classification of JIND outperforms in accuracy existing pipelines, and a smaller fraction of cells is rejected as unlabeled as a result of the cell-specific confidence thresholds. Moreover, we investigate cells misclassified by JIND and provide evidence suggesting that they could be due to outliers in the annotated datasets or errors in the original approach used for annotation of the target batch.

Availability and implementation

Implementation for JIND is available at https://github.com/mohit1997/JIND and the data underlying this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246322.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Aftercarbonaria: melanic moth frequencies in the Rothamsted Insect Survey
Authors: Cook Laurence M , Shortall Chris R
Published: March 2022

Melanic frequencies in three species of moths during the 21st century are examined using data collected by the Rothamsted Insect Survey for the purpose of monitoring insect distribution and abundance. The classical industrial melanic morph carbonaria in the moth Biston betularia (L.) is no longer present in the samples. Melanic forms in two other species, Odontoptera bidentata (Clerck) and Apocheima pilosaria (Denis & Schifferműller), and the insularia form of B. betularia, all sometimes referred to as industrial melanics, continue to be found and are widely distributed in Britain. Views on why that should be so are discussed.
Symptoms reported by Canadians posted in Havana are linked with reduced white matter fibre density
Authors: Aristi Guillermo , Kamintsky Lyna , Ross Margaux , Bowen Chris , Calkin Cynthia , Friedman Alon , Hashmi Javeria A.
Published: March 2022

Diplomats representing the USA have reported with unusual neurologic symptoms and MRI changes after being posted in Havana, Cuba between late 2016 and 2018. Here, we examined white matter microstructure and network connectivity of individuals stationed in Havana, using diffusion-weighted MRI, fixel-based analysis and structural connectomics as implemented in MRtrix3. MRI data acquisition and clinical assessments were done in a total of 24 diplomats and their family members and 40 healthy controls. The diplomat data were grouped into an exposed cohort (n = 16) and an unexposed cohort (n = 10), and among these, two individuals were assessed before and after potential exposure. Fixel-based analysis revealed a reduction in fibre density in two specific regions: the fornix and the splenium, in exposed individuals, relative to unexposed individuals and healthy controls. Post hoc analyses showed the effect remained present (P < 0.05) in both regions when comparing exposed and unexposed diplomats; and reduced fibre density was correlated with longer time period stationed in Cuba after age correction. Reduction of fibre density was also found to be linked with clinical symptoms of persistent migraine, tinnitus, sound sensitivity and fatigue. Network statistical comparisons revealed decreased structural connectivity in two distinct networks, comprising subcortical and cortical systems in exposed individuals, relative to unexposed and normative data. While the cause for the differences between the groups remains unknown, our results reveal region-specific white matter injury, that is, significantly correlated with clinical symptoms.
Profile of circulating extracellular vesicles microRNA correlates with the disease activity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Surmiak Marcin , Wawrzycka-Adamczyk Katarzyna , Kosałka-Węgiel Joanna , Polański Stanisław , Sanak Marek
Published: March 2022

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a chronic systemic inflammation of small vessels characterized by circulating anti-proteinase 3 antibodies. MicroRNAs are short transcripts specifically inhibiting protein translation. Neutrophils can release extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we characterized profile of microRNA trafficked by EVs in GPA. Fifty patients with GPA were enrolled in the study, 25 at acute phase and 25 in remission. EVs were isolated from the blood serum, characterized by their number, size distribution. Following unbiased screening for microRNA expression, differentially expressed candidates were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Circulating DNA-myeloperoxidase complexes and apoptosis-related transcripts in peripheral blood neutrophils were quantified. We identified four differentially expressed microRNAs from EVs in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). MirRs-223-3p, 664a-3p, and 200b-3p were overexpressed and miR-769-5p suppressed in the disease. A distinction between GPA and healthy controls was the best for miR-223-3p, whereas miR-664a-3p discriminated between active vs. remission of GPA. Correct classification of the disease based on multivariate discriminant analysis was between 92% for acute phase and 85% for all study participants. Bioinformatics tools identified genes transcripts potentially targeted by the microRNAs belonging to pathways of focal adhesion, mTOR signaling and neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Two microRNAs positively correlating with the disease activity were involved in neutrophil extracellular traps formation and apoptosis inhibition. A comprehensive characteristics of microRNAs trafficked in bloodstream inside EVs correlates well with our understanding of the mechanisms of GPA and suggests the importance of EVs in progression of the disease.
Left atrial dissection associated with disruption of mitral annular calcification: a case report
Authors: Isonaga Yuhei , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Ohta Mitsuhiko , Kodama Takahide
Published: March 2022

Background

Left atrial dissection is an uncommon entity associated with cardiac surgery, catheter interventional procedures, or cardiac trauma. Spontaneous cases have also been reported. The entry of left atrial dissection often occurs in the posterior annulus of the mitral valve, which is also a favourable site for mitral annular calcification (MAC). We herein report a rare case of spontaneous left atrial dissection caused by a disruption of MAC.

Case summary

An 84-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for chest discomfort. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe calcification of the posterior mitral annulus and a heterogeneous mass in the posterior wall of the left atrium adjacent to MAC. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed blood flow through MAC from the left ventricle into the mass. Cardiac computed tomography showed the disruption of MAC, which was the entry for left atrial dissection and haematoma. The conservative approach was continued, as the haemodynamic state was stable and because of her frailty and many complications. No further events occurred during 6 months follow-up, although the false cavity did not regress.

Discussion

The diagnosis of an intracardiac mass can be challenging. In our case, a detailed anatomical evaluation with multiple imaging modalities allowed us to understand the disease and manage it appropriately.
Association between left atrial epicardial fat, left atrial volume, and the severity of atrial fibrillation
Authors: van Rosendael Alexander R , Smit Jeff M , El’Mahdiui Mohammed , van Rosendael Philippe J , Leung Melissa , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J
Published: March 2022

Aims

Left atrial (LA) volume and LA epicardial fat are both substrates for atrial fibrillation (AF), but may relate with AF at different (early vs. late) stages in the AF disease process. We evaluated associations between LA epicardial fat and LA volume in patients with sinus rhythm (SR), paroxysmal AF (PAF), and persistent/permanent AF.

Methods and results

In total, 300 patients (100 with SR, 100 with PAF, and 100 with persistent/permanent AF) who underwent cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included. The epicardial fat mass posterior to the LA and the LA volume were quantified from CTA and compared between patients with SR, PAF, and persistent/permanent AF. Furthermore, four groups were created by classifying LA epicardial fat and LA volume into large or small according to their median. The mean age of the population was 58.9 ± 10.5 years and 69.7% was male. Left atrial epicardial fat mass was larger in patients with PAF compared with SR, but did not further increase from PAF to persistent/permanent AF. Left atrial volume increased significantly from SR to PAF and to persistent/permanent AF. Left atrial epicardial fat and LA volume were both concordantly large or small in 184 (61%) patients, and discordant in 116 (39%). When both were small, 65.2% of the patients had SR, 23.9% PAF, and 10.9% persistent/permanent AF. When the LA epicardial fat mass was large and the LA volume small (compared with both being small), patients were significantly more often in PAF (55.2 vs. 23.9, P < 0.05), less frequently in SR (32.8% vs. 65.2%, P < 0.05) but showed comparable rates of persistent/permanent AF (12.0% vs. 10.9%, P < 0.05). When the LA volume was large, most patients had persistent/permanent AF.

Conclusion

Left atrial epicardial fat mass was larger in PAF vs. SR, possibly indicating a marker of early disease, while large LA volumes were associated with a high prevalence of persistent/permanent AF. Elevated LA epicardial fat mass without large LA volume may reflect the early AF disease process.
Understanding the microbial biogeography of ancient human dentitions to guide study design and interpretation
Authors: Fagernäs Zandra , Salazar-García Domingo C , Haber Uriarte María , Avilés Fernández Azucena , Henry Amanda G , Lomba Maurandi Joaquín , Ozga Andrew T , Velsko Irina M , Warinner Christina
Published: March 2022

The oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, varying in factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and salivary flow. These factors affect the microbial community composition and distribution of species in dental plaque, but it is not known how well these patterns are reflected in archaeological dental calculus. In most archaeological studies, a single sample of dental calculus is studied per individual and is assumed to represent the entire oral cavity. However, it is not known if this sampling strategy introduces biases into studies of the ancient oral microbiome. Here, we present the results of a shotgun metagenomic study of a dense sampling of dental calculus from four Chalcolithic individuals from the southeast Iberian peninsula (ca. 4500–5000 BP). Interindividual differences in microbial composition are found to be much larger than intraindividual differences, indicating that a single sample can indeed represent an individual in most cases. However, there are minor spatial patterns in species distribution within the oral cavity that should be taken into account when designing a study or interpreting results. Finally, we show that plant DNA identified in the samples is likely of postmortem origin, demonstrating the importance of including environmental controls or additional lines of biomolecular evidence in dietary interpretations.
Connection between the cross correlation and the Green's function: strain and rotation of surface waves
Authors: Nakahara Hisashi , Haney Matthew M
Published: March 2022

Recent developments of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) techniques and rotational seismometers enable us to record strain and rotational seismograms. This prompts us to adapt the methods used for traditional translational seismograms to strain and rotational seismograms. Recently, we extended the formulation of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to strain, rotation and tilt records. According to seismic interferometry for translation seismograms, cross correlations have clear connections to Green's functions under the isotropy and equipartition of noise wavefields. In this study, we clarify similar connections for strain and rotation seismograms. Because we extend the formulation in the frequency domain, we actually study the connection between the cross-spectral matrix of strain and rotation at two receivers and the Green's tensor. First, we provide a proof under a general framework by simply extending the proof for translation to that for strain and rotation. The proof shows the following results: (1) The cross-spectral matrix of (i, j)-component strains at two receivers is found to be proportional to the strain Green's tensor at one receiver for the sum of (i, j)- and (j, i)-components of the moment tensor source at the other receiver. (2) The cross-spectral matrix of (i, j)-component rotations at two receivers is found to be proportional to the rotation Green's tensor at one receiver for the difference of (i, j)- and (j, i)-components of the moment tensor source at the other receiver. Necessary assumptions for the proof are the isotropy and equipartition of the wavefield. We then check this proof with specific calculations for surface waves observed on the free surface. The proof is confirmed for the isotropic incidence of random-phase surface waves with a specific ratio between Rayleigh and Love wave energies. Seismic interferometry for strain and rotation was already studied. However, the connection of cross correlations to the Green's function for strain and rotation seismograms is discovered by this study for the first time. A specific proof for body waves that is assured by the general proof will be our next study.
Risk understanding and risk acknowledgement: a new approach to environmental risk assessment in marine aquaculture
Authors: Andersen Lasse Berg , Grefsrud Ellen Sofie , Svåsand Terje , Sandlund Nina
Published: March 2022

A better understanding of the potential cumulative impacts of large-scale fish farming, could help marine aquaculture to become more environmentally sustainable. Risk assessment plays an important role in this process by elucidating the main challenges and associated risk factors. An appropriate aquaculture risk assessment should contribute to mutual risk understanding and risk acknowledgement among stakeholders, and thus common perspectives on measures and governance. In this paper, we describe an approach to risk assessment in marine aquaculture that aims to promote fruitful discussions about risk and risk-influencing factors across stakeholders with different value perceptions. We elaborate on the concept of risk and risk terminology and conclude that new aquaculture risk assessment methodology should be guided by risk science. The suggested methodology is based on the latest thinking in risk science and has been tested in a thorough study of environmental risk related to Norwegian aquaculture. The study shows that the new methodical approach has an immanent pedagogical potential and contributes to strengthening risk understanding and risk acknowledgement among stakeholders. In conclusion, the suggested risk assessment methodology has proved a valuable tool for marine scientists in analyzing, evaluating, and communicating environmental risk.
Temperature Sensing and Honey Bee Colony Strength
Authors: Cook Daniel , Tarlinton Boyd , McGree James M , Blackler Alethea , Hauxwell Caroline
Published: March 2022

Strength auditing of European honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) colonies is critical for apiarists to manage colony health and meet pollination contracts conditions. Colony strength assessments used during pollination servicing in Australia typically use a frame-top cluster-count (Number of Frames) inspection. Sensing technology has potential to improve auditing processes, and commercial temperature sensors are widely available. We evaluate the use and placement of temperature sensing technology in colony strength assessment and identify key parameters linking temperature to colony strength. Custom-built temperature sensors measured hive temperature across the top of hive brood boxes. A linear mixed-effect model including harmonic sine and cosine curves representing diurnal temperature fluctuations in hives was used to compare Number of Frames with temperature sensor data. There was a significant effect of presence of bees on hive temperature and range: hives without bees recorded a 5.5°C lower mean temperature and greater temperature ranges than hives containing live bees. Hives without bees reach peak temperature earlier than hives with bees, regardless of colony strength. Sensor placement across the width of the hive was identified as an important factor when linking sensor data with colony strength. Data from sensors nearest to the hive geometric center were found to be more closely linked to colony strength. Furthermore, a one unit increase in Number of Frames was significantly associated with a mean temperature increase of 0.36°C. This demonstrates that statistical models that account for diurnal temperature patterns could be used to predict colony strength from temperature sensor data.
Biased or Not Biased? Arbitral Decision-Making and Arbitrators’ Preferences
Authors: Gicquello Myriam
Published: March 2022

International arbitration is a means of dispute settlement often privileged over litigation. One reason for this lies in the possibility for the parties to appoint their own arbitrator. However, despite party-appointed, international arbitrators should still be independent and impartial. Yet, parties spend considerable time and resources to appoint the ‘right’ arbitrator. Since partisanship is prohibited, why is this the case and what makes a ‘right’ arbitrator then? The psychological and judicial literatures have both already extensively demonstrated that one’s initial preferences and background do influence their decision-making to even determine legal outcomes, with or without their conscious awareness. Against this background, the article investigates the use of confirmatory strategies in arbitral decision-making; strategies which could be consciously used (amounting to partisanship) but which are also inherent to human cognition and thus intuitively used. This behavioural analysis of arbitration is supported by qualitative analyses using semi-structured interviews and arbitral awards.
The pattern speed of the Milky Way bar/bulge from VIRAC andGaia
Authors: Clarke Jonathan P , Gerhard Ortwin
Published: March 2022

We compare distance resolved, absolute proper motions in the Milky Way bar/bulge region to a grid of made-to-measure dynamical models with well-defined pattern speeds. The data are obtained by combining the relative VVV InfraRed Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC) v1 proper motions with the Gaia Data Release 2 absolute reference frame. We undertake a comprehensive analysis of the various errors in our comparison, from both the data and the models, and allow for additional, unknown, contributions by using an outlier-tolerant likelihood function to evaluate the best-fitting model. We quantify systematic effects such as the region of data included in the comparison, the possible overlap from spiral arms, and the choice of synthetic luminosity function and bar angle used to predict the data from the models. Resulting variations in the best-fitting parameters are included in their final errors. We thus measure the bar pattern speed to be $\Omega _{\mathrm{b}}=33.29 \pm 1.81\, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}\, kpc^{-1}}$ and the azimuthal solar velocity to be $V_{\phi ,\odot }=251.31 \pm 1.95\,\mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}$. These values, when combined with recent measurements of the Galactic rotation curve, yield the distance of corotation, $6.5 \lt R_\mathrm{CR}\, (\mathrm{kpc})\lt 7.5$, the outer Lindblad resonance (OLR), $10.7 \lt R_\mathrm{OLR}\, (\mathrm{kpc})\lt 12.4$, and the higher order, m = 4, OLR, $8.7 \lt R_\mathrm{OLR_4}\, (\mathrm{kpc})\lt 10.0$. The measured pattern speed provides strong evidence for the ‘long-slow’ bar scenario.
The white dwarf binary pathways survey – VI. Two close post-common envelope binaries with TESS light curves
Authors: Hernandez M S , Schreiber M R , Parsons S G , Gänsicke B T , Toloza O , Tovmassian G , Zorotovic M , Lagos F , Raddi R , Rebassa-Mansergas A , Ren J J , Tappert C
Published: March 2022

Establishing a large sample of post-common-envelope binaries (PCEBs) that consist of a white dwarf plus an intermediate mass companion star of spectral type AFGK, offers the potential to provide new constraints on theoretical models of white dwarf binary formation and evolution. Here, we present a detailed analysis of two new systems, TYC 110-755-1 and TYC 3858-1215-1. Based on radial velocity measurements, we find the orbital periods of the two systems to be ∼0.85 and ∼1.64 d, respectively. In addition, HST spectroscopy of TYC 110-755-1 allowed us to measure the mass of the white dwarf in this system (0.78 M⊙). We furthermore analysed TESS high-time-resolution photometry and find both secondary stars to be magnetically extremely active. Differences in the photometric and spectroscopic periods of TYC 110-755-1 indicate that the secondary in this system is differentially rotating. Finally, studying the past and future evolution of both systems, we conclude that the common envelope efficiency is likely similar in close white dwarf plus AFGK binaries and PCEBs with M-dwarf companions and find a wide range of possible evolutionary histories for both systems. While TYC 3858-1215-1 will run into dynamically unstable mass transfer that will cause the two stars to merge and evolve into a single white dwarf, TYC 110-755-1 is a progenitor of a cataclysmic variable system with an evolved donor star.
The symbiotic and bipolar nebula M 2-9: Morphological variability of the collimated ionized wind arising from the core
Authors: de la Fuente Eduardo , Trinidad Miguel A , Tafoya Daniel , Toledano-Juárez Ivan , García-Flores Samuel
Published: March 2022

We studied the central region of bipolar nebula M 2-9 using radio-continuum observations obtained from the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) interferometers. This work presents new images at ∼43 GHz (∼7.0 mm) and ∼345 GHz (∼0.9 mm) with angular resolutions of $\sim {0{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}047}$ and ${0{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}09}$, respectively. The continuum emission at ∼43 GHz shows an elongated jet-like structure perpendicular to the ∼345 GHz observation. We conclude that both emissions could correspond to tracing an isothermal collimated fast wind with constant expansion velocity and being driven by the circumstellar ring traced by ALMA. Although this configuration has been discussed within the scope of planetary nebulae models, there is a remarkable fact: the collimated fast wind shows morphological spatial variability. This supports the idea of a symbiotic binary system within the innermost part of M 2-9, which would be composed of a white dwarf and an AGB star. The latter could explain the mirror symmetry observed at larger scales due to their orbital motion.
The Behavioral Foundations of Representative Bureaucracy
Authors: Webeck Sean , Lee Hongseok
Published: March 2022

Representative bureaucracy is a values-based theory of bureaucratic decision making. Its key assumption is that a bureaucrat’s demography shapes her pre-organizational socialization, values, and ultimately her decisions, in a way that can advance the interests of a represented client or group (i.e., active representation). However, scholars have not critically examined the presumed links among these four factors. We review the literature and make an argument for representative bureaucracy scholars to incorporate a psychological perspective to better understand the behavioral mechanisms that influence active representation. We discuss the tripartite classification of the mind, dual-process theories of decision making, identity theory and the deservingness heuristic as theoretical perspectives scholars can use to investigate the behavioral foundations of representative bureaucracy.
Comparison of Pulmonary Emboli Management Between Pulmonary Emboli Response Team and the Conventional Method: The First Study From Iran
Authors: Mansouri Mohammad Hadi , Esmaeili Farid , Khosravi Alireza , Mansouri Pejman , Mirmohammadsadeghi Mohsen , Dehghan Hooman , Jameie Mana , Amirpour Afshin , Zavar Reihaneh
Published: March 2022

Background:

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) for intermediate-high risk and high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients.

Methods:

This single-blind clinical trial was performed in 2019–2021, evaluating patients with intermediate-high risk and high risk of PE. Patients in the intervention group were managed by the PERT team, and treatment plans were implemented as soon as possible. Patients in the other group received conventional PE treatments based on the hospital protocols. We compared the primary outcome of short-term mortality between the 2 groups and secondary outcomes, including right ventricle indices, hospital length-of-stay, time to decision, 30-day and in-hospital bleeding.

Results:

Data of 74 patients were analyzed. We found no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding short-term mortality (P = 0.642), bleeding, and other complications. However, the length-of-stay and time to decision were significantly lower in patients treated by the PERT team (P < 0.001 for both). Further evaluations revealed that patients in the intervention group had a more significant reduction in the right ventricle size and systolic pulmonary pressure compared with the control group (P = 0.015, P = 0.039, respectively). In addition, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change increased more in the intervention group (P = 0.023, P = 0.016, respectively).

Conclusions:

The PERT team led to significantly less time to make decisions, and it was able to select patients for advanced treatments more appropriately. Due to these facts, patients treated by PERT had significantly lower hospitalization duration and better right ventricle indices compared to controls.
A follow-up of pain reported by children undergoing outpatient surgery using a smartphone application: AlgoDARPEF multicenter descriptive prospective study
Authors: Walrave Yannick , Carles Michel , Evain Jean-Noel , Ikonomoff Tania , Marie Anais , Ludot Hugues , Bourdaud Nathalie , Kern Delphine , Lejus-Bourdeau Corinne , Orliaguet Gilles , Rosello Olivier , Ecoffey Claude , Savoldelli Charles , Perissier Claire , Delacquis Marion , Varé Bruno , Donzeau Dominique , Cousin Clément , Langlais Emilie , Breaud Jean , Jonckheer Karin , Dadure Christophe , De la Brière François ,   Association of French Pediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (ADARPEF)
Published: March 2022

In pediatric patients, pain remains the most common complaint after surgery. This French multicenter epidemiological study (AlgoDARPEF) aimed to evaluate the use of a smartphone application (App) to assess the duration and severity of pain experienced by children undergoing outpatient surgery. Children younger than 18 years scheduled for an elective outpatient procedure in one of the participating centers were eligible. Parents were invited to provide daily information for 10 days regarding their child's pain and comfort through a smartphone App using the Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure-Short-Form (PPPM-SF). Children older than 6 years could also provide self-assessments of pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS)-11. Data regarding pain medication, preoperative anxiety, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and parent satisfaction were also analyzed. Repeated-measures analyses of variances (ANOVAs) were used to compare the self-assessments and hetero-assessments of pain. Eleven centers participated in the study, and 1573 patients were recruited. Forty-nine percentage of parents (n = 772) actually used the App at least once. In all surgeries, the average pain rating on the PPPM-SF scale did not exceed 3/10 throughout the follow-up period, as well as for 4 main surgical specialties. Age, visceral surgery, and preoperative anxiety ≥ 4/10 were identified as independent risk factors for experiencing at least 1 episode of pain ≥4/10 during the first 48 postoperative hours. Although these findings indicated that postoperative pain management seems to be satisfactory in the families who used the App, some improvements in anxiety management are suggested. This study shows that inviting parents to use a smartphone App to assess and report the quality of postoperative management in pediatric patients provides useful information. A continuous report regarding pain and adverse events over a 10-day postoperative period by a self-reporting or parent's contribution is possible. Future studies should investigate the ability of live data collection using an App to ensure fast, efficient interactions between patients and physicians.
New Nurse Residency Programs
Authors: Knighten Mary Lynne
Published: March 2022

The first 2 Finance Matters columns in Nursing Administration Quarterly focused on reading financial statements and building a business case. This column provides the reader with a case study for building a business case for a new nurse residency program. Using evidence and data to build your case is critical as you can see with this case study. It is important to address the return on investment clearly in your narrative to strengthen your case. Note that there are many templates for writing a business case, and this format covers all of the components needed for this particular request.
Financial Worry and Psychological Distress Among Immigrants in the United States, 2013-2018
Authors: Arega Melaku , Linggonegoro Danny W. , Dee Edward C. , Torous John
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted links among economic stability, health outcomes, and migration. The facets of financial worry and their associated psychological burden have been understudied among the immigrant population. The goal of this study was to determine the specific facets of financial worry and associated psychological burden in immigrants. This cross-sectional study, which used data from the 2013 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), examined patient-reported measures of worry regarding financial strain. The NHIS is a household survey of noninstitutionalized, nonmilitary adults in the United States. Multivariable ordinal logistic regressions were used to define adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for financial worry and psychological distress, adjusting for various sociodemographic variables. Among 131,669 US-born and 26,155 non–US-born participants who responded to all 6 questions on the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the overall prevalence of participants reporting any serious psychological distress (K6 score ≥13) was 3.0% and 2.25%, respectively. Despite these overall prevalence data, there were specific areas of financial worries that were higher in non–US-born participants than in US-born participants. Compared with US-born participants, non–US-born participants had higher rates of financial worries regarding retirement [75.78% vs. 69.08%, AOR=1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.45, P<0.001], medical costs due to illness (worry about not being able to pay medical costs of a serious illness or accident) (74.94% vs. 65.27%, AOR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.29-1.45, P<0.001), standard of living (74.25% vs. 65.29%, AOR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.34-1.51, P<0.001), and medical cost of health care (worry about not having enough to pay medical costs for normal health care) (66.52% vs. 52.67%, AOR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.43-1.60, P<0.001), among other costs. Notably, serious psychological distress in non–US-born individuals was associated with increased financial worry relative to US-born individuals with a similar level of psychological distress. Further research is needed to evaluate the role physicians can play in mitigating psychological distress in patients with increased financial worry.
Technical Report of Color Doppler Ultrasonography–Assisted Lumbar Spinal Interventions
Authors: Kim Gi-Wook , Seo Jeong-Hwan
Published: March 2022

Ultrasonography (US) has recently been used more frequently during interventions involving the lumbar spine. However, physicians who are more familiar with musculoskeletal US targeting muscles, tendons, and nerves may find it challenging to perform US-guided lumbar spine interventions using only bony landmarks. This study described the use of color Doppler US for the visualization of the lumbar spinal blood supply to identify vascular landmarks in addition to bony landmarks and thus more easily and accurately perform lumbar spine interventions.
Face Autotransplantation After an Accident
Authors: Kim Kwang Seog , Oh Sang Seong , Choi Jun Ho , Hwang Jae Ha , Lee Sam Yong
Published: March 2022

Microsurgical replantation is considered the best method to treat avulsion or amputation injuries of unique head parts, including the scalp, eyelid, nose, ear, lip, and tongue. However, there is currently no report on microsurgical replantation of substi-tutable facial tissues in the literature. This report presents a patient with avulsed facial composite tissue composed of the skin and subcutaneous layers treated by microsurgical replantation. The present case shows that microsurgical replantation of small facial composite tissues is feasible. The authors suggest that the indication spectrum for microsurgical replantation should be expanded beyond current clinical practice.
Introduction of Digital-Assisted Multidisciplinary Treatment in the Functional and Morphological Reconstruction of Naso-Orbital-Ethmoid Fractures
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yang Chengshuai , Wu Jinyang , Zhang Chuxi , Zhang Shilei , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2022

This study summarizes the process of digital-assisted multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) of naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) fractures and evaluates the treatment outcomes. From October 2018 to December 2020, 39 patients with NOE fractures were treated in our department, 21 of whom were diagnosed and treated by a multidisciplinary team. After preoperative multidisciplinary discussions and personalized virtual surgical planning, they received MDT with the assistance of a surgical navigation system. The other 18 patients received traditional single-disciplinary treatment, that is, no preoperative multidisciplinary discussions. Oral and maxil-lofacial surgeons performed surgical design and digitally-assisted surgery alone. After the operation, treatment outcomes were evaluated in terms of aesthetic appearance and function. The duration of preoperative preparation and postoperative aesthetic outcomes were not significantly different in patients who received single-disciplinary treatment and MDT (P > 0.05). However, postoperative functional outcomes were significantly better in patients who received MDT (P < 0.05). Furthermore, no significant complications were found. Digital-assisted MDT has a high application value in repair and appearance reconstruction, especially restoring functionality after NOE fracture; thus, it should be promoted in clinical practice.
Eye-gaze Strategies During Facial Emotion Recognition in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Links With Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Polet Kévin , Hesse Solange , Morisot Adeline , Kullmann Benoît , Louchart de la Chapelle Sandrine , Pesce Alain , Iakimova Galina
Published: March 2022

Background:

Facial emotion recognition (FER) is primarily and severely impaired in individuals with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and is often mildy impaired in individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) or Parkinson disease (PD). Such impairment is associated with inappropriate social behaviors.

Objective:

To determine whether FER impairment is linked to the use of inappropriate eye-gaze strategies to decode facial emotions, leading to misinterpretation of others’ intentions and then to behavioral disorders.

Method:

We assessed FER in 9 individuals with bvFTD, 23 with AD, and 20 with PD, as well as 22 healthy controls (HC), using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME) Test and the Ekman Faces Test. Eye movements (number and duration of fixations) were recorded with an eye-tracking device. Behavior was assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.

Results:

FER was mildly impaired in the AD and PD groups and severely impaired in the bvFTD group. FER impairment was accompanied by an increase in the number of fixations and a more attracted gaze toward the lower part of one’s face. FER impairment and an increase in the number of fixations were positively correlated with behavioral disorders.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated a link between FER impairment, modification of eye-gaze strategies during the observation of emotional faces, and behavioral disorders in individuals with bvFTD and those with AD or PD. These results suggest that an eye-gaze strategy rehabilitation program could have beneficial effects on emotion recognition and behavioral disorders in individuals with these diseases.
The Attention Network Test in Parkinson and Lewy Body Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Jihyun , Pourzinal Dana , Rheinberger Toby , Copland David A. , McMahon Katie L. , Byrne Gerard J. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N.
Published: March 2022

Background:

The Attention Network Test (ANT) is a well-established measure of efficiency for the alerting, orienting, and executive attentional networks. However, its novel application in Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) research more broadly has yet to be evaluated systematically.

Objective:

To compare and consolidate the outcomes of studies reporting use of the ANT in PD and LBD groups and to identify the methodological considerations for the conduct of such studies.

Method:

We performed a systematic literature search for articles exploring attention in PD and LBD groups using the ANT. We excluded articles on the basis of irrelevant scope, non-English, and groups other than PD and LBD. Once the full text articles were identified, we extracted the data and assessed the studies’ quality.

Results:

The final sample included 16 articles ranging from low to moderate quality. Behavioral findings suggested a general slowing of responses yet preserved accuracy from the PD group compared with controls. Overall, the evidence was inconclusive regarding the state of the alerting network in the PD and LBD groups, mostly supportive of an intact orienting network, and strongly suggestive of an impaired executive network. Differences in sample stratification, patient symptomatology, and dopaminergic medication levels were identified as influential factors in the attentional results across studies.

Conclusion:

Although sparse, the existing evidence indicates that the ANT is a viable option for measuring attention in PD; it can also be harnessed to explore the impact of symptoms and medications on attentional networks in PD and LBD groups.
Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Neurodegenerative and Stroke Aphasia: Evidence From the Turkish Version of the Three Words Three Shapes Test
Authors: Seckin Mustafa , Özbek Begüm , Demir İlayda , Kurt Elif , Ay Ulaş , Yildirim Düzgün , Yeşilot Nilüfer , Çoban Oğuzhan , Öktem Öget , Gürvit Hakan
Published: March 2022

Background:

Although language impairment is the most salient feature of cognitive impairment in both primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and stroke aphasia (SA), memory can also be impaired in both patient populations.

Objective:

To identify distinctive features of verbal and nonverbal memory processing in individuals with PPA and those with SA.

Method:

We gave individuals with PPA (n = 14), those with SA (n = 8), and healthy controls (HC; n = 13) a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and the Turkish version of the Three Words Three Shapes Test (3W3S–Turkish). The 3W3S–Turkish Test includes five subtests: Copy, Incidental Recall, Acquisition, Delayed Recall, and Recognition. High-resolution brain scans were performed in a subset of individuals with PPA and those with SA. Lesion distribution was limited to the dorsal language areas in the SA group, whereas peak atrophy areas in the PPA group extended beyond the language network, including the medial temporal lobe, precuneus, and posterior/medial portions of the cingulate cortex.

Results:

Both the PPA and SA groups showed impairment in incidental recall, and the PPA group showed additional impairment in delayed recall. Greater impairment for verbal stimuli suggestive of material-specific memory impairment was evident in the PPA group’s scores on the Incidental Recall and Delayed Recall subtests. Both aphasia groups retained the acquired information regardless of material type.

Conclusion:

Although both aphasia groups shared similarities in the involvement of the dorsal prefrontal working memory/attention network, the PPA group showed greater impairment in delayed recall compared with the SA group.
Creating a New Set of Milestones for the Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship
Authors: Albert Dara V. F. , Hanrahan Brian J. , Felker Marcia V. , Nguyen Thy P. , Jones Lyell K. , Freedman Daniel A. , Pawar Gauri V. , Danner Nicole , Singhal Divya , McLean Sydney M. , Edgar Laura A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology first developed milestones for the clinical neurophysiology (CNP) fellowship in 2015. The milestones provide a comprehensive evaluation of the fellow's development based on six domains of competency. Here, we describe the development of a new set of milestones for CNP fellowship with level 1 as the incoming level, level 4 as the goal for graduation, and level 5 as the aspirational level that may not be achieved.

Methods:

Committee members were nominated or volunteered to participate in the milestones update. Milestone development began with the creation of a shared mental model of the ideal skills and knowledge a graduating CNP fellow should attain.

Results:

The CNP committee met virtually 7 times for a total of 14 meeting hours. Nine Patient Care and five Medical Knowledge milestones evolved from the seven Patient Care and six Medical Knowledge milestones that were in the first iteration. The committee incorporated 11 “Harmonized Milestones” into the revision and a supplemental guide was created.

Conclusions:

The revised Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones for CNP fellowship contain important updates that program directors should review against their curricula to identify any gaps in learning. Program leadership should take note of two new Patient Care milestones for telemedicine and intraoperative monitoring. Clinical neurophysiology fellowships are not designed to provide level 4 competency across all milestones. The revised milestones should be viewed within the context of an individual program's goals.
Addition of soluble fiber in low fat purified diets improves gut and metabolic health compared to traditional AIN diets
Authors: Griffin Laura , Radhakrishnan Sridhar , Pellizzon Michael
Published: March 2022

Background

Purified diets (PDs) contain refined ingredients with one main nutrient, allowing for greater control relative to grain-based diets (GBDs), which contain unrefined grains and animal byproducts. Traditional PDs like the AIN-76A (76A) and AIN-93G (93G) can negatively impact metabolic and gut health when fed long-term, in part due to lower total fiber, no soluble fiber, and higher sucrose content.

Objective

Two studies were conducted to determine how PDs with reduced sucrose and increased fiber (soluble and insoluble) influence metabolic and gut health in mice compared to traditional AIN PDs or GBDs.

Methods

In study 1, C57Bl/6N mice consumed a GBD (5002), 76A, 93G, or 2 Open standard PDs (OSDs) with reduced sucrose and higher fiber for 88 days. Body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. In study 2, C57Bl/6N mice consumed either 2 GBDs (5001 or 5002) or OSDs with different types/levels of fiber for 14 days. Microbiome alterations and predicted functional metagenomic changes were measured.

Results

OSD marginally influenced body weight and adiposity, but improved glucose tolerance relative to 93G (p = 0.0131) and 76A (p = 0.0014). Cecal and colonic weights were lower in mice fed cellulose-based PDs compared to those fed GBDs and soluble fiber PDs. Soluble fiber diets reduced alpha diversity and showed similar beta diversity, which differed from cellulose fed PDs and GBDs. Certain genera associated with improved gut health such asBifidobacteriaandAkkermansiawere significantly elevated by soluble fibers PDs (p≤0.01). Some metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism were affected by PDs.

Conclusion

PDs formulated with lower sucrose and increased fiber content, particularly soluble fiber, blunted elevations in metabolic parameters and favorably impacted microbiota and metagenome in C57BL/6N mice.