bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kościół i parafia w Świątkach w świetle najstarszych źródeł i protokołu powizytacyjnego z 1567 roku
Authors: Kopiczko ks. Andrzej
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono genezę parafii w Świątkach oraz jej rozwój do dru­giej połowy XVI wieku. Na podstawie najstarszych źródeł archiwalnych opisano uposażenie, pierwszych duszpasterzy i wioski przypisane do miejscowego kościoła. Zwrócono również uwagę na patrocinium św. Kosmy i Damiana, które na Warmii występuje tylko przy tej świątyni. Najwięcej jednak informacji wydobyto z najstarszego protokołu powizytacyjnego, który sporządził w 1567 r. kanonik Samson Worein. Opisał on dokładnie wyposażenie kościoła, w tym także księgozbiór, zaprezentował proboszcza Georgiusa Schrötera i na­uczyciela, przedstawił porządek nabożeństw. Interesującym dodatkiem jest także wzmianka o szlachcicu, dowódcy wojsk biskupich, Davidzie Braxeinie, który utracił wiarę, ale ostatecznie został pochowany w miejscowym kościele. Zebrane materiały są cennym źródłem do dziejów tej parafii, ale też szerzej Warmii, form duszpasterstwa, stosunków gospodarczych i ówczesnych uwarunkowań społecznych, zwłaszcza wynikających z wpływów nowego wyznania – luteranizmu.
Dokument z 1446 roku dla parafii w Pszczewie
Authors: Karczewska Joanna
Published: December 2021

Publikacja zawiera edycję średniowiecznego dokumentu dotyczącego fundacji mszy w kościele parafialnym w Pszczewie i jego uposażenia. Dokument znany był do tej pory jedynie z kopii. Jego oryginał znajduje się w Archiwum Państwowym w Zielonej Górze. Jest to przywilej donacyjny, który poszerza i umacnia podstawy majątkowe kościoła parafialnego w Pszczewie i tamtejszego plebana. Decyzje z niego wynikające mogły mieć związek z wcześniejszym powołaniem w Pszczewie oficjalatu okręgowego. Treść zawiera cenne informacje na temat zmian patrocinium świątyni i jej prawa patronatu. Przynosi także wartościowe wiadomości na temat pszczewskich wójtów i topografii miejscowości. Dokument został wystawiony w Poznaniu 5 lipca 1446 r. Biskup poznański Andrzej z Bnina ustanowił mszę poranną ku czci NMP w kościele parafialnym w Pszczewie i potwierdził oraz powiększył uposażenie parafii pszczewskiej.
Wybrane aspekty minimalistycznych rearanżacji wnętrz kościelnych po roku 2000
Authors: Wiśnicka Anna
Published: December 2021

W artykule przybliżono tematykę minimalistycznych rewitalizacji wnętrz sa­kralnych Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w oparciu o selekcję reprezentatywnych przykładów, zdywersyfikowanych pod względem geograficznym i kulturowym. Wychodząc od założeń Soboru Watykańskiego II oraz zmian artysty-cznych i społeczno-kulturowych, które zaobserwować można już w XIX wieku, artykuł analizuje czynniki, które doprowadziły do skrajnej redukcji formalnej w wystroju kościołów. Poza oczywistą kwestią, jaką jest architektura wnętrz, podjęty zostaje namysł nad sposobem eksponowania sztuki, którą stanową zarówno element kultowy, jak i estetyczny. Wzięto również pod uwagę czynniki prawne, aspekty liturgiczne oraz psychologiczne. Do analizy problemu wykorzystano realizacje i projekty z kręgu architektury europejskiej.
Kancelaria parafialna w zaborze austriackim i jej dokumentacja na przełomie XIX I XX wieku
Authors: Bujak ks. Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

Kościół katolicki spełniał ważne zadania w strukturze administracyjnej monar-chii habsburskiej. Były one realizowane w oparciu o sieć parafialną i przepisy państwowe oraz kościelne. Dla ich realizacji niezbędna była sprawnie działająca kancelaria parafialna, która w odpowiednich formach rejestrowała zróżnicowane informacje dotyczące życia wiernych i działalności duszpasterskiej. W artykule zostały przedstawione zasady organizacji kancelarii, registratury i archiwum w parafiach katolickich na terenie zaboru austriackiego w szczytowym okresie ich rozwoju na przełomie XIX w XX wieku. Zostały omówione cele i sposoby prowadzenia ksiąg metrykalnych i innych form dokumentacji parafialnej oraz zasady korespondencji urzędowej. Podstawą opracowania był podręcznik prowadzenia kancelarii parafialnej dla duchowieństwa, autorstwa ks. Alojzego Jougana, profesora uniwersytetu we Lwowie z 1912 r., w którym omówione zostały formalno-prawne i praktyczno-duszpasterskie zasady prowadzenia kancelarii parafialnej.
Sytuacja ekonomiczna klasztoru paulinów w Leśnej (na tle gospodarki innych placówek paulińskich działających we wschodnich województwach Rzeczpospolitej)
Authors: Szpak Jacek Antoni
Published: December 2021

Jedną z najważniejszych placówek polskiej prowincji paulinów w XVIII-XIX wieku był klasztor w Leśnej na Podlasiu. Został on ufundowany w 1726 r. przez właściciela wsi Władysława Jana Michałowskiego. Po III rozbiorze w 1795 r. Leśna znalazła się w Galicji Zachodniej, od 1809 r. miejscowość leżała w Księstwie Warszawskim, w latach 1815-1918 w Królestwie Polskim, znajdującym się pod władzą carów Rosji. Klasztor został skasowany w 1864 r. Klasztor otrzymał bardzo duże uposażenie. W jego posiadaniu do 1795 r. znajdowało się 16 wsi, jednak w wyniku III rozbioru paulini utracili na rzecz skarbu rosyjskiego większość swoich dóbr. Do końca istnienia posiadał jedynie 4 wsie. Areał ziemi klasztornej w XVIII wieku wynosił 4907 mórg, a po 1795 r. jedynie 842,50 morgi (o 82,83% mniej niż wcześniej). Tak duże uposażenie, powodowało, że klasztor leśniański był drugim najlepiej zabezpieczonym po Jasnej Górze konwentem w polskiej prowincji paulinów. Paulini w Leśnej w największych ilościach siali żyto, pszenicę, jęczmień, owies, uprawiali także tatarkę, groch, proso, grykę i len. Na poziom produkcji roślinnej duży wpływ miały działania zbrojne, które toczyły się w rejonie klasztoru. Występowało wówczas zagrożenie życia i zdrowia oraz liczne grabieże dokonywane przez maszerujące armie, np. w latach 1812-1813 i 1831. Najwięcej plonów wydatkowano na zasiewy i spożycie w klasztorze, natomiast w XIX wieku część zbiorów sprzedawano na rynku lokalnym. Wydaje się, że w XIX wieku nastąpiła również poprawa kultury rolnej, co przyniosło wzrost wydajności. W dobrach klasztornych hodowano woły i konie jako siłę roboczą oraz bydło mleczne, owce, świnie, drób i pszczoły. Hodowla była przeznaczona przede wszystkim na zaspokojenie własnych potrzeb. Dużą rolę w działalności ekonomicznej klasztoru odgrywała gospodarka pozarolnicza, czyli młynarstwo, propinacja oraz produkcja cegieł. Na podstawie zachowanych, niekompletnych materiałów archiwalnych ustalono, że największe dochody uzyskiwano z czynszów dzierżawnych, z odsetek wyderkafowych oraz z depozytów bankowych i spłaty listów zastawnych. Najwięcej wydawano na prace budowlane i remontowe, podatki, pensje dla czeladzi oraz na utrzymanie zakonników. Sytuacja finansowa klasztoru była niestabilna, jed­nak klasztor w Leśnej utrzymywał się samodzielnie, korzystając z pomocy władz prowincji tylko raz w latach 30. XIX wieku.
(in)aplicabilidade das normas do Estatuto de Roma no Brasil
Authors: Xavier Fernando César Costa , Souza Líbia Renata Oliveira de
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade das normas do Estatuto de Roma no Brasil, em face dos princípios constitucionais da reserva legal (art. 5º, II e XXXIX) e da irretroatividade da lei penal (art. 5º, XL). Tendo como objeto principal o julgamento do Recurso Especial nº 1.798.903/RJ, no qual os precedentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal foram suscitados, busca-se resposta aos seguintes questionamentos: seria possível considerar que as normas previstas nos artigos 7º e 29 do Estatuto de Roma são aplicáveis no Brasil? O país está violando os artigos 86 e 88 do Estatuto de Roma? O texto está dividido em três partes, nas quais, respectivamente, descreve-se a evolução jurisprudencial sobre o tema, conforme os argumentos levantados no Recurso Especial nº 1.798.903/RJ; em seguida, expõe-se a visão doutrinária concernente; e, por fim, sustenta-se uma posição tertium quid.
Corruption According to Hamka in Tafsir Al-Azhar
Authors: Putra Budi Jaya
Published: December 2021

This article aims to determine the interpretation of the verses relating to corruption in Hamka's interpretation of al-Azhar. This interpretation's choice was due to the great effort in his presentation to discuss the issue of corruption extensively and deeply. This is evidenced by Hamka giving the title "corruption" when interpreting the group of verses 161-164 of Ali Imran's letter. This research is library research with the primary data source is Hamka's al-Azhar commentary, while the secondary data is other literature that supports documentation techniques that have relevance to the discussion. The data management in this research is descriptive-analytic. Considering that this research is thematic interpretation research, the researcher uses research steps made by 'Abd al-Hayy al-Farmawi. The research results show that Hamka, in interpreting the verses on corruption, does not only combine the riwayah and dirayah but also includes the interpretations of other interpreters and includes the psychological or psychological side so that the reader can understand the real problem. Related to other themes in the meaning of corruption, there are several terms revealed by Hamka in the Ali Imran verse 161 that are familiar to readers' ears, namely; (1) cheating, (2) treason, (3) bribery, (4) gifts to officials, (5) commissions from partners received by people who have been paid from their assignment, (6) stealing, (7) corruption of the time.
TRANSMISSION EIGENVALUES FOR MULTIPOINT SCATTERERS
Authors:   Steklov Mathematical Institute of RAS, Grinevich Petr , Novikov Roman ,   CMAP, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Published: December 2021

We study the transmission eigenvalues for the multipoint scatterers of the Bethe- Peierls-Fermi-Zeldovich-Beresin-Faddeev type in dimensions d = 2 and d = 3. We show that for these scatterers: 1) each positive energy E is a transmission eigenvalue (in the strong sense) of infinite multiplicity; 2) each complex E is an interior transmission eigenvalue of infinite multiplicity. The case of dimension d = 1 is also discussed.
THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF FINDING A RIGHT-HAND SIDE FOR MIXED TYPE EQUATION WITH CHAPLYGIN’S TYPE OPERATOR
Authors:   Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan,, Sabitov K.B. , Burkhanova (Haji) I.A. ,   Department of the Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir State University, Sterlitamak branch of Bashkir State University
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we study the inverse problem for a mixed-type equation with power degeneracy on a transition line by definition of its right-hand side, depending on the spatial coordinate. The theory of identity has been proved. In the case of degree degeneracy, the uniqueness criterion for the solution of the problem is proved, and the solution itself is con- structed in the form of a sum of orthogonal series. The consistency of series in the class of solutions of the given equation is justified and the validity of the solution with respect to the boundary conditions is proved.
AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT AMONG COMMUNITY HEALTH OFFICER (CHO) TRAINEES AT BABA RAGHAV DAS MEDICAL COLLEGE GORAKHPUR, UP, INDIA
Authors: Khan Imran Ahmed
Published: December 2021

Background: Basic life support (BLS) with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provided at the right time greatly improves survival following cardiac arrest. Adequate knowledge and skills related to BLS are essential requisites for Health care workers. This study was aimed to explore the awareness, knowledge and attitudes related to Basic Life Support among Community Health Officer (CHO) Trainees at BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India.
Methods: After approval from Institute Ethical Committee and informed consent from the participant, the present descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 CHO Trainees at BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, in November 2019, using a self-administered pretested, semi-structured questionnaire based on knowledge and attitude of BLS and CPR.
Results: Majority of participants had poor to good knowledge about CPR. None of the participants were able to answer all the questions correctly. Main source of information was lectures in classes, YouTube videos and healthcare workers. Majority of participants have overall positive attitude for providing basic life support to victims.
Conclusions: This study has highlighted a critical issue that a majority of trainees have limited knowledge about CPR. We recommend the mandatory implementation of CPR and basic life-support training for all Health care workers across India, and the need for incorporation of the BLS teaching into their curriculum and reinforcement and refresher courses at frequent intervals.
Key words: Basic life support (BLS), Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), emergency medical services (EMS), American Heart Association (AHA), Compressions Only Life Support (COLS), Community health officer (CHO)
The role of Lavandula sp. extract for effective inhibiting the mild steel corrosion in the hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: ÖZKIR Demet
Published: December 2021

The role of lavender extract in the present study is to examine the effect of inhibiting the corrosion of mild steel in the ambient conditions with its green and eco-friendly effect. It was determined the influence of inhibitor using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in different immersion times. From the EIS measurement results, it was observed that as the concentration of Lavandula extract in the HCl solution increased, the polarization resistance (Rp) values in the EIS diagram increased. Finally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was conducted to better clarify the surface inhibition of the electrode containing Lavandula sp. extract at the highest concentration, 0.500% (w/v), at the end of the 120 h immersion time. It has been observed that both the surface analysis and EIS findings are very compatible with each other.
Análises das Demandas e Cenários de Apoio para Sobreviventes de Câncer: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Rocha Andréia Rosangela Delli Paoli , Lee Erika Yuri , Reis Heloisa Maria Jorviguinoviti dos , De Domenico Edvane Birelo Lopes , Matsubara Maria das Graças Silva
Published: December 2021

Introdução: A sobrevivência do câncer é um processo que começa no diagnóstico e continua por toda a vida, trazendo uma série de desafios adicionais à saúde. Objetivo: Analisar as demandas e o modelo de atendimento para o apoio ao sobrevivente de câncer. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura sobre demandas e cenários de apoio para sobreviventes de câncer, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, SciELO e Biblioteca Cochrane, que buscou artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2015 a março de 2020. Resultados: Foram encontrados 90 artigos, sendo 20 compatíveis com o objetivo do estudo. A estrutura necessária para apoiar o sobrevivente de câncer é múltipla e dela participam: hospitais, centros oncológicos e espaços na comunidade. Houve unanimidade em relação a intervenções clínicas e educativas solicitadas pelos pacientes. Estudos apontam atuação multidisciplinar, com presença de sintomas nos domínios físico, psicológico e socioecológico. A atuação do enfermeiro foi citada por 19 estudos e envolveu desde o cuidado clínico até a coordenação e atuação quanto ao aconselhamento e orientação para a mudança de comportamentos prejudiciais à saúde. Verificaram-se oito estudos que citaram a American Society of Clinical Oncology como entidade norteadora das intervenções. Conclusão: As demandas dos sobreviventes incluem acompanhamento clínico, apoio psicológico, orientações de cuidados primários e estilo de vida saudável. As redes de apoio devem ser amplas e conduzidas principalmente por enfermeiros, embasadas em diretrizes sustentadas por evidências científicas e ou entidades especializadas com foco nos sintomas relacionados aos domínios físico, psicológico e socioecológico.
SOCIO-SCIENTIFIC STUDY: RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS' SOCIAL INTERACTIONS WITH NATURAL SCIENCES LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Maulyda Mohammad Archi , Erfan Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Social interactions that occur between individuals in natural sciences are called socio-scientific. Socio-scientific norms are rules derived from mathematical values brought into the social context.  norms are seen as being able to increase students' understanding. The main focus in this research are, (1) Analyzing social content in elementary natural sciences learning courses; (2) Describe the process of social interaction on research subjects; and (3) describe the relationship between social interaction and natural sciences learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. Study subjects was 100 prospective elementary school teachers. Data collection techniques was using survey methods and analysis of student’s final exam in natural sciences test. Data analysis uses simple linear regression analysis. From the research, the results are obtained: (1) Mathematical content in the lecture process has been raised by the lecturer. The lecture system in the form of group discussions can improve students' communication, courage and collaboration skills. (2) The description of students' social interactions can be modeled. Social interaction models show social interaction can be in the form of associative and dissociative. (3) There is a relationship between social interaction with learning outcomes in natural sciences. The relationship is quite strong, and social interaction influences student natural sciences learning outcomes
Russian-Chinese Treaties: Milestones and Zigzags of History. I. From the 17th century to World War II
Authors: TAVROVSKIY Yury
Published: December 2021

The relations between Russia and China were recorded in numerous documents, among which treaties were of particular value. Some of them were gradually becoming outdated, others were denounced after several years, but some remained quite relevant for decades. As documents of the highest international legal level leaving an indelible mark on the bilateral relations, treaties are the most suitable tool to track and perceive clearly their dynamics. Part I of the article reviews treaty relations between the two countries from the beginning of diplomatic contacts in the early seventeenth century to World War II. While Russian-Chinese relations expanded especially rapidly since the middle of the 19th century the Non-Aggression Treaty of 1937 is especially noteworthy as it proved to be of great value for the interests of both the USSR and the Republic of China at a critical juncture in their history.
Suggested Strategies for Writing Narrative Essay
Authors: Mohammed Suha Idress
Published: December 2021

Learning strategies are many, varied, and very important, especially when it comes to expressing and narrating events. Learning to write a narrative essay in the second language is essential, and writing articles by following special strategies develops the second language for the learner and opens new horizons for him in the field of language learning. Using methods and strategies while teaching pupils makes students more intelligent and aware and not make mistakes that they may make while writing articles or narrating on any topic. The study aims at helping students to start writing and ultimately to produce more writing and Encourage fluency in generating ideas for writing on any topic. Moreover, this work will help students begin organizing ideas. The research also includes the study of writing the narrative essay, how to write it, its patterns, and knowledge. The study ends with a conclusion that summarizes the current study.
Hambatan PBB dalam Merespon Mass Atrocity di Suriah pada Tahun 2011-2013
Authors: Sanjivani Sukma Bella , Hapsari Renitha Dwi
Published: December 2021

The Syrian conflict is one of the deadliest conflicts that occurred as a result of the Arab Spring. A large number of casualties in this conflict shows how sovereign state and international community had failed to fulfill their responsibility to protect civilians from mass atrocities. The purpose of this article is to examine what obstacles the United Nations had faced in its effort to protect the Syrian population. The framework that used to analyze this issue is the concept of Global Governance and the Responsibility to Protect. Using descriptive qualitative research methods, data will be collected from books, journal articles, official reports and media publications to explain four obstacles United Nations had faced. The first obstacle related to growing multipolarity that causes difficulty in reaching a consensus during the negotiations. The second obstacle related to UN Security Council permanent member dysfunctional behavior which often causes a deadlock in decision making. The third obstacle is the complexity of the conflict that occurred. The last one is the differences opinion among related organizations that relieves the international pressure to immediately end the mass atrocities.
Conflict Management in the Global Office during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yuliana
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of life. It causes conflict in some aspects, including working life in the global office. Employees have to work online. Job responsibilities must be fulfilled virtually. This paper aims to describe conflict management in the global office during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper is a literature review. Literature was identified from the archives from PubMed and Elsevier databases. All the literature was published in 2020. the inclusion criteria were the literature should be peer-reviewed and related to the topic of the paper. Keywords were conflict, COVID-19, global office, and management. Challenges, uncertainty, and fear accompanied daily working activities. A virtual working routine might be intercepted with family life. When conflict arises, self-management has to be applied. Win and win solutions, open communication, and frequent negotiation can tackle conflict. Global collaboration can reduce the conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic.
CRITICAL PERIODS OF ADAPTATION TO SMOKE AND SOLAR ACTIVITY IN HUMAN ONTOGENESIS: A REVIEW
Authors: Pinaev S. K. , Chizhov A. Ya. , Pinaeva O. G.
Published: December 2021

Critical periods of adaptation occur when ecologically determined critical periods, caused by a high intensity of environmental factors, and critical stages of ontogenesis, predetermining a low level of resistance to these factors, coincide. We present a qualitative synthesis of the literature on human disadaptation caused by selected environmental factors through the mechanism of environmentally related oxidative stress (EROS) linked to epigenesis, mutagenesis, and oncogenesis. As an indicator of deleterious effects of exposure to environmental factors during critical periods we considered leukemia, lymphoms, tumors of the central nervous system, embryonic tumors and soft tissue sarcomas among children. We present a method for calculating the critical stages of ontogenesis and their sensitivity to smoke and solar activity time series analysis on the associations between environmental factors and the incidence of neoplasms with estimation of time lag between the exposures and the outcomes. Moreover, we propose a set of measures to reduce the negative impact of the environmental factors during critical periods of human ontogenesis.
Impact of Covid-19 on the Activities of Mediumand Small-Size Medical Enterprises in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kapanova Gulnara Zh. , Kosherbayeva Lyazzat K. , Kalmakhanov Sundetgali B. , Akhtaeva Nazgul , Dauliyeva Galiya
Published: December 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rethinking of the processes in medical organizations. Managers and medical staff faced new challenges that needed immediate response. Aims: To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic conditions of private medium- (
Історія формування доктрини криміналістики в Україні
Authors: ЮСУПОВ ВОЛОДИМИР
Published: December 2021

Метою статті є дослідження історії формування доктрини криміналістики в Україні; вивчення становлення науки криміналістики й основних складових її об’єкта, предмета і системи; застосування положень доктрини криміналістики у правозастосовній діяльності на сучасному етапі.
На підставі історичного аналізу пам’яток стародавнього права, випадків використання наукових знань у розкритті злочинів на ранніх етапах правоохоронної практики, комплексного аналізу джерелознавчих юридичних видань визначено передумови виникнення доктрини криміналістики в Україні. Показано розвиток науко вого знання, зародження криміналістичних знань, які лежать в основі загальної теорії (доктрини) криміналістики. Констатовано розширене використання положень доктрини криміналістики в кримінальному, цивільному, адміністративному, господарському судочинстві та інших видах правозастосування.
Визначено головні закономірності та перспективні напрями розвитку доктрини криміналістики в Україні, що обумовлені сучасними завданнями цієї науки та виявляються у тенденціях загальних положень криміналістики, криміналістичної техніки, криміналістичної тактики, криміналістичної методики й процесу вдосконалення криміналістичної підготовки юристів.
Формування та розвиток окремих криміналістичних теорій (учень)
Authors: ЖУРАВЕЛЬ ВОЛОДИМИР
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена розгляду концептуальних підходів до формування та застосування окремих криміналістичних теорій (учень). Актуальність означеної проблематики полягає в тому, що вона лежить у площині досліджень, спрямованих на формування загальної теорії криміналістики, що відображує сучасний рівень розвитку цієї галузі юридичних знань і належить до найбільш важливих напрямів криміналістичної доктрини. Зазначено, що окремі криміналістичні теорії (вчення) як наукові конструкції становлять основу структури загальної теорії криміналістики та визначають рівень розроблення теоретико-методологічної бази цієї науки. Система окремих криміналістичних теорій (учень) становить зміст загальної теорії криміналістики.
Запропоновано окрему криміналістичну теорію (вчення) визначати як систему наукових знань, що описують і пояснюють деяку сукупність явищ і досліджують лише певне коло закономірностей об’єктивної дійсності з числа тих, які вивчає криміналістика загалом. Підкреслено, що характер закономірностей, які досліджує кожна з окремих криміналістичних теорій (учень), обумовлюють порядок їх упорядкування в структурі загальної теорії криміналістики. При цьому між предметами загальної теорії криміналістики й окремих криміналістичних учень існують відносини підпорядкованості цілого і частини.
Кожна окрема криміналістична теорія (вчення) повинна мати власний об’єкт, предмет і методи дослідження, розкривати зміст і характер відносин з іншими теоріями (вченнями), визначати мету, завдання, функції та місце в системі криміналістики, формуватися на певній науковій гіпотезі, мати необхідне емпіричне підґрунтя, а також відповідний ступінь консолідації, що зумовлює можливість виділення певних закономірностей, які доповнюють, уточнюють предмет науки криміналістики загалом. Лише за умов дотримання цих вимог певні тео ретичні конструкції в змозі набувати статусу окремої криміналістичної теорії (вчення).
Зроблено висновок, що в структурі загальної теорії криміналістики доцільно виділяти три рівні окремих теорій (учень): 1) криміналістичні теорії (вчення) наукознавчого спрямування, що охоплюють наукознавчі проблеми про об’єкт, предмет, методи, сферу дослідження, систему, природу, понятійний апарат та категорії криміналістики (мову криміналістики), її міжнаукові зв’язки і місце в системі наукових знань, історію розвитку та сучасний стан; 2) криміналістичні теорії (вчення) загальнонаукового рівня, які охоплюють закономірності, що поширюються на весь предмет дослідження, входять до нього загалом; 3) криміналістичні теорії (вчення) окремонаукового рівня, які стосуються дослідження закономірностей, що належать до окремих складових предмета криміналістики, розкривають його сутність і специ фіку.
Наголошено, що сучасна система окремих криміналістичних теорій (учень) є динамічною і її вдосконалення зумовлене потребами судової та слідчої практики, розвитком суміжних галузей знань, загальної теорії та окремих криміналістичних учень, зміною зв’язків і залежностей між ними.
The Assessment of Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles in Newly Diagnosed Treatment-Naïve Paediatric Crohn’s Disease
Authors: SCHWARZ J , VECKA M , STOŽICKÝ F , POMAHAČOVÁ R , STAŇKOVÁ B , TVRZICKÁ E , KRESLOVÁ M , ZAHÁLKOVÁ R , SÝKORA J
Published: December 2021

Fatty acid (FA) profiles as potentially relevant components of Crohn’s disease (CD) have been insufficiently analysed. We sought to explore the plasma profiles of n-3 and n-6 polyunsa-turated fatty acids (PUFAs) in newly diagnosed untreated active CD. We included 26 consecutive CD pediatric patients (<19 years) and 14 healthy controls (HCs). Disease characteristics, including inflammatory markers, dietary histories, and the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), were obtained. The profiles of plasma FAs in plasma lipid classes were analysed by gas chromatography with FID detection of methyl esters. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level and fecal calprotectin level (all p<0.001) were significantly higher in CD patients than in HCs. Most changes were observed in plasma phospholipids (PLs), such as a higher content of n-3 and changes in n-6 long-chain PUFAs in the CD group. The CD group had a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs in PLs (p<0.001) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) (p<0.01). Correlations of the FA content in plasma PLs with disease activity scores of CD were also observed, which were positive for the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) as well as oleic acid (18:1n-9) (both p<0.05). The metabolism of PUFAs is significantly altered even in treatment-naïve newly diagnosed active pediatric CD, and the content of major FAs in PLs correlates with disease activity and inflammatory markers, thus probably contributing to the still unclear early disease pathogenesis.
Ovarian Steroid Hormone Secretion by Human Granulosa Cells After Supplementation of Sambucus nigra L. Extract
Authors: BALDOVSKA S , ROYCHOUDHURY S , BANDIK M , MIHAL M , MNAHONCAKOVA E , ARVAY J , PAVLIK A , SLAMA P , KOLESAROVA A
Published: December 2021

Beneficial effects of Sambucus nigra L. (black elder) as a traditional medicine have been associated with the phytoconstituents including polyphenols, terpenes and lectins. Various antioxidant rich natural products have also been implicated with improvement of reproductive health and fertility, however, the effect of Sambucus nigra on the ovarian cell functions has not been investigated yet. The objectives of the present study were to screen the polyphenols in the elderflower and elderberry extracts, and to examine the secretion activity of steroid hormones 17β-estradiol and progesterone by human ovarian granulosa cells HGL5 after supplementation of the extracts at a concentration range of 12.5 to 100 µg.ml-1. Qualitative as well as quantitative screening of polyphenols by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed rutin to be the most abundant polyphenol in both elderflower and elderberry extracts. In culture, neither elderflower nor elderberry extract caused any significant impact (p>0.05) in cell viability as studied by AlamarBlue assay in comparison to control. However, a dose-dependent stimulation of 17β-estradiol release was detected by ELISA after supplementation of elderflower (at 50 µg.ml-1; p<0.01) and elderberry (at 100 µg.ml-1; p<0.05) extracts at higher doses used in the study. On the other hand, both elderflower and elderberry extracts stimulated the secretion of progesterone by HGL5 cells at a lower dose (12.5 µg.ml-1; p<0.05), as compared to control. Therefore, elderflower and elderberry extracts may have the potential to regulate steroidogenesis in ovarian cells.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Enhances Collagen III Formation in Wound of ZDF Rat
Authors: RŮŽIČKA J , GRAJCIAROVÁ M , VIŠTEJNOVÁ L , KLEIN P , TICHÁNEK F , TONAR Z , DEJMEK J , BENEŠ J , BOLEK L , BAJGAR R , KUNCOVÁ J
Published: December 2021

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is also considered in comprehensive treatment. The evidence supporting the use of HBOT in DFU treatment is controversial. The aim of this work was to introduce a DFU model in ZDF rat by creating a wound on the back of an animal and to investigate the effect of HBOT on the defect by macroscopic evaluation, quantitative histological evaluation of collagen (types I and III), evaluation of angiogenesis and determination of interleukin 6 (IL6) levels in the plasma. The study included 10 rats in the control group (CONT) and 10 in the HBOT group, who underwent HBOT in standard clinical regimen. Histological evaluation was performed on the 18th day after induction of defect. The results show that HBOT did not affect the macroscopic size of the defect nor IL6 plasma levels. A volume fraction of type I collagen was slightly increased by HBOT without reaching statistical significance (1.35±0.49 and 1.94±0.67 %, CONT and HBOT, respectively). In contrast, the collagen type III volume fraction was ~120 % higher in HBOT wounds (1.41±0.81 %) than in CONT ones (0.63±0.37 %; p=0.046). In addition, the ratio of the volume fraction of both collagens in the wound ((I+III)w) to the volume fraction of both collagens in the adjacent healthy skin ((I+III)h) was ~65 % higher in rats subjected to HBOT (8.9±3.07 vs. 5.38±1.86 %, HBOT and CONT, respectively; p=0.028). Vessels density (number per 1 mm2) was found to be higher in CONT vs. HBOT (206.5±41.8 and 124±28.2, respectively, p<0.001). Our study suggests that HBOT promotes collagen III formation and decreases the number of newly formed vessels at the early phases of healing.
High Cysteine Diet Reduces Insulin Resistance in SHR-CRP Rats
Authors: KRIJT J , SOKOLOVÁ J , ŠILHAVÝ J , MLEJNEK P , KUBOVČIAK J , LIŠKA F , MALÍNSKÁ H , HÜTTL M , MARKOVÁ I , KŘÍŽKOVÁ M , STIPANUK M , KŘÍŽEK T , DITROI T , NAGY P , KOŽICH V , PRAVENEC M
Published: December 2021

Increased plasma total cysteine (tCys) has been associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in human and some animal studies but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the effects of high cysteine diet administered to SHR-CRP transgenic rats, a model of metabolic syndrome and inflammation. SHR-CRP rats were fed either standard (3.2 g cystine/kg diet) or high cysteine diet (HCD, enriched with additional 4 g L-cysteine/kg diet). After 4 weeks, urine, plasma and tissue samples were collected and parameters of metabolic syndrome, sulfur metabolites and hepatic gene expression were evaluated. Rats on HCD exhibited similar body weights and weights of fat depots, reduced levels of serum insulin, and reduced oxidative stress in the liver. The HCD did not change concentrations of tCys in tissues and body fluids while taurine in tissues and body fluids, and urinary sulfate were significantly increased. In contrast, betaine levels were significantly reduced possibly compensating for taurine elevation. In summary, increased Cys intake did not induce obesity while it ameliorated insulin resistance in the SHR-CRP rats, possibly due to beneficial effects of accumulating taurine.
Current and Future Therapies for β-Thalassaemia: A Review Article
Authors: Giannoni Livia , Angelucci Emanuele
Published: December 2021

This article will review recent and forthcoming advances in the treatment of thalassaemia. Prognosis of thalassaemia has dramatically improved in the last 50 years with the development of regular and safe blood transfusions and iron chelation. Almost 20 years ago, development of oral chelators, and more recently the improvement in the knowledge and understanding of iron pathophysiology, have led to optimal iron toxicity prevention and treatment. These considerable advancements in medical therapy have transformed transfusion-dependent thalassaemia from a lethal childhood disease to a chronic disease with an open prognosis, even in those individuals over 50 years of age, and with the disease being, in some instances, curable. In the 1980s, the introduction of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation provided the possibility of curing the congenital disease for the first time. More recent developments include an improved understanding of erythropoiesis, which led to the development of new erythroid-stimulating factors effective in thalassaemia, an expansion of donor pull for transplantation, and the approach of the long-term promised gene therapy in clinical practice. Moreover, ongoing trials of gene editing and agents modulating iron metabolism promise new improvements. Today, patients with thalassaemia have several weapons in their therapeutic arsenal and, hopefully, will have much more to come. As usual in medical practice, new advancements provide new challenges for the medical community, and it is the duty of this community to clearly understand the benefits and challenges of any new approach in order to provide the highest clinical benefit to patients.
Rethink Your Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS): Pre-TIPS Infection
Predicts Post-TIPS Infection and Post-TIPS Portosystemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Koblinski Jenna , C. Liu Margaret , U. Bisht Roy , Kang Paul , Wong Mark , Little Ester
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used for decompression of elevated portal pressure; however, there are potential complications. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of complications of TIPS in those who had an episode of infection within 6 months prior to TIPS to those without an infection prior.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent TIPS at a single transplant centre over 8 years. They were divided into two groups: patients without infection during the 6 months prior to TIPS (n=349) and those with an infection prior (bacterial/fungal) (n=53). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare continuous variables while chi-squared analysis and Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to ascertain the association between pre-TIPS infection status and likelihood of post-TIPS infection.

Results: In the group of patients who had an infection before TIPS, 26.4% (n=14) had an episode of infection after the procedure, while in the group without infection prior, 16.2% (n=55) had an infection after the procedure (p=0.047; odds ratio: 2.08). In the pre-TIPS infection group, 54.7% (n=29) had an episode of portosystemic encephalopathy post-TIPS versus 39.6% (n=134) in the group without infection before TIPS (p=0.046; odds ratio: 1.93).

Conclusion: Pre-TIPS infection within 6 months of TIPS procedure is a risk factor for post-TIPS portosystemic encephalopathy and infection. Further studies are needed to determine the potential benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients who had an infection in the 6 months preceding TIPS placement.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Metabolic Interventions: The Next Frontier?
Authors: Kipshidze Nicholas , Kipshidze Nodar
Published: December 2021

Obesity is a pandemic. The prevalence of obesity (BMI >30) and morbid obesity (BMI >40) among American adults is approximately 30% and 5%, respectively.1 The condition is strongly associated with medical comorbidities (e.g., heart disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, obstructive sleep apnoea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis) and mortality, and has begun to overtake infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to illness worldwide. Furthermore, it is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and considered one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century.2

Currently, there are three clinically viable treatment options for obesity: surgery, pharmacologic intervention, and intragastric balloon administration. However, these methods have varying success rates and are not free of complications. There remains a critical need for a minimally invasive intervention that can target this growing population.
Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Stroke Prevention
Authors: Kimber Evan
Published: December 2021

IMPLEMENTING an effective patient-selection approach, integrating device choice, procedural planning, and patient follow-up, have proven crucial to the success of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). This was the focus of the EuroPCR 2021 ‘Structural Theatre’ session, which compared LAAC and direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment avenues for stroke prevention.

In this session, Patrick Calvert, from Royal Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, UK, gave a presentation on patient selection, alongside Ole De Backer of Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark, who discussed device selection and planning using CT imagery. Ivan Kuntjoro, from the National University Heart Centre of Singapore, briefly outlined left atria morphology, and Farell Hellig of Sunninghill Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, introduced procedural plans in a step-by-step approach while performing a live procedure. The session was concluded by Edgar Tay, UK Royal College of Physicians, who gave his insights on several of these topics and concluded the stream with how to optimise patient follow-up care.
The PPE Pandemic: Sex-Related Discrepancies of N95 Mask Fit
Authors: Christopher Laura , Rohr-Kirchgraber Theresa , Mark Saralyn
Published: December 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, healthcare professionals across the world have been at high risk of transmission because of their direct contact with infected patients. In October 2020, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) confirmed that 1,500 nurses had died from COVID-19 in 44 countries and estimated that healthcare worker COVID-19 fatalities worldwide could be more than 20,000. To ensure protection of healthcare personnel, properly fitting personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn. In a ‘one size fits all’ world, the differences between the fit of PPE for men and women can have devastating consequences. An N95 respirator mask is a component of PPE outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for protection against COVID-19; however, N95 masks do not offer protection if they do not fit properly. Fit testing is performed to ensure an adequate seal of the mask on the wearer. A single-institution retrospective review was performed on fit testing results for male versus female wearers in an attempt to elucidate a difference in failure rates. Females failed at a significantly higher rate than their male counterparts (6.67% female, 2.72% male; p=0.001), and the reason reported was often due to being ‘small-boned’ (p<0.0001). Sex-related differences in proper PPE fit are not new; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has made the situation more acute, and sex-specific N95 mask designs must be developed quickly, as the pandemic shows little signs of abating.
The Use of Frozen Embryo Transfer and the Development of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: A Literature Review
Authors: Agbabiaka Ayodele Abigail , D’Angelo Arianna
Published: December 2021

The use of assisted reproduction techniques has been associated with obstetric complications. An understanding about which methods and treatment protocols produce better outcomes would provide greater opportunities for a successful pregnancy. The aim of this literature review was to identify whether frozen embryo transfer (FET) leads to a greater incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) compared to fresh embryo transfer. Fifteen studies were identified and subsequently reviewed. Eleven studies suggested FET increased the incidence of PIH–gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. The evidence suggests a correlation between FET and PIH. Exploration into why this is the case should be the focus of future studies. Implications for clinical practice involve extensive preconception counselling and potentially advising prophylactic low-dose aspirin with the aim of lower the incidence of PIH.
Conservative Management After a Single Fetal Death in a Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy and Fetus Papyraceus: A Case Report
Authors: Maciel Rayra Amana Macêdo , Leal Caio Ribeiro Vieira , Fistarol Marina , Paiva Sara de Pinho Cunha , Pedrosa Moisés Salgado , Maia Maria Luiza Peloso
Published: December 2021

Multifetal pregnancies are estimated to represent 3.2% of all pregnancies (80% are dichorionic and 20% monochorionic) and are associated with a higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality relative to single pregnancies. The authors report a successful case of conservative management of a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy after a single fetal death in the second trimester of pregnancy. The diagnosis was made in the 22nd week of pregnancy and the pregnancy was followed up until delivery in the 39th week. A healthy (2.855 kg) female infant was born and a dead fetus, approximately 20 cm in length and connected by the rudimentary umbilical cord to the small calcified placenta, was seen. The occurrence of a single fetal death is a relatively common event, which has implications for maternal and fetal outcomes. This diagnosis is relevant due to its potential effect on the survival of the other fetus and on possible maternal complications. In order to avoid complications and achieve the optimal maternal and neonatal outcomes, conservative prenatal follow-up should focus on careful monitoring and serial assessment of both fetal and maternal wellbeing. In gestational losses where the fetus is retained intrauterine for at least 10 weeks, there is the possibility of finding fetus papyraceus at the time of delivery. This is a rare event that results from incomplete reabsorption of the dead fetus, which is then compressed between the membranes and the uterine wall.
Indoor Microbiome and The Rising Asthma Prevalence
Authors: Fu Xi , Sun Yu
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of asthma has increased in the past few decades in most developed and developing countries. Large-scale, cross-sectional epidemiological studies have reported several factors associated with asthma prevalence and severity, including parental asthma, tobacco smoking, preterm delivery, virus infection, and air pollution. However, a puzzling problem is that the time trends in the prevalence of these risk factors cannot explain the rise in asthma. For example, the prevalence of smoking and clinical pneumonia have been decreasing globally in the past few decades. Recent progress in high-throughput sequencing technology has promoted the progress of microbiome research and established associations between human and indoor microbiomes, and many metabolic, cognitive, and immune diseases including asthma and allergies. In this review, the authors systematically summarise the current literature, standard practice, and analysis pipeline in the field of indoor microbiome and asthma. The strength and limitation of different analytical approaches are discussed, including the utilisation of relative and absolute abundance in the associated studies. The authors discuss new frameworks of integrated microbiome research from different ecological niches, functional profiling from multiomics data, and how these new insights can facilitate understanding of asthma mechanisms and even the development of new personalised treatment strategies for the rising asthma epidemic.