bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future for Influenza Preimmunity—Looking Back at Influenza Virus History to Infer the Outcome of Future Infections
Authors: Francis Magen Ellen , King Morgan Leslie , Kelvin Alyson Ann
Published: January 2019

The influenza virus-host interaction is a classic arms race. The recurrent and evolving nature of the influenza virus family allows a single host to be infected several times. Locked in co-evolution, recurrent influenza virus infection elicits continual refinement of the host immune system. Here we give historical context of circulating influenza viruses to understand how the individual immune history is mirrored by the history of influenza virus circulation. Original Antigenic Sin was first proposed as the negative influence of the host’s first influenza virus infection on the next and Imprinting modernizes Antigenic Sin incorporating both positive and negative outcomes. Building on imprinting, we refer to preimmunity as the continual refinement of the host immune system with each influenza virus infection. We discuss imprinting and the interplay of influenza virus homology, vaccination, and host age establishing preimmunity. We outline host signatures and outcomes of tandem infection according to the sequence of virus and classify these relationships as monosubtypic homologous, monosubtypic heterologous, heterosubtypic, or heterotypic sequential infections. Finally, the preimmunity knowledge gaps are highlighted for future investigation. Understanding the effects of antigenic variable recurrent influenza virus infection on immune refinement will advance vaccination strategies, as well as pandemic preparedness.
Modeling Host-Virus Interactions in Viral Infectious Diseases Using Stem-Cell-Derived Systems and CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Koo Bon-Kyoung , Yoon Ki-Jun
Published: January 2019

Pathologies induced by viral infections have undergone extensive study, with traditional model systems such as two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and in vivo mouse models contributing greatly to our understanding of host-virus interactions. However, the technical limitations inherent in these systems have constrained efforts to more fully understand such interactions, leading to a search for alternative in vitro systems that accurately recreate in vivo physiology in order to advance the study of viral pathogenesis. Over the last decade, there have been significant technological advances that have allowed researchers to more accurately model the host environment when modeling viral pathogenesis in vitro, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult stem-cell-derived organoid culture systems and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Such technological breakthroughs have ushered in a new era in the field of viral pathogenesis, where previously challenging questions have begun to be tackled. These include genome-wide analysis of host-virus crosstalk, identification of host factors critical for viral pathogenesis, and the study of viral pathogens that previously lacked a suitable platform, e.g., noroviruses, rotaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and Zika virus. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the study of viral pathogenesis and host-virus crosstalk arising from the use of iPSC, organoid, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies.
Shared Common Ancestry of Rodent Alphacoronaviruses Sampled Globally
Authors: Tsoleridis Theocharis , Chappell Joseph G. , Onianwa Okechukwu , Marston Denise A. , Fooks Anthony R. , Monchatre-Leroy Elodie , Umhang Gérald , Müller Marcel A. , Drexler Jan F. , Drosten Christian , Tarlinton Rachael E. , McClure Charles P. , Holmes Edward C. , Ball Jonathan K.
Published: January 2019

The recent discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses (alpha-CoVs) in European and Asian rodents revealed that rodent coronaviruses (CoVs) sampled worldwide formed a discrete phylogenetic group within this genus. To determine the evolutionary history of rodent CoVs in more detail, particularly the relative frequencies of virus-host co-divergence and cross-species transmission, we recovered longer fragments of CoV genomes from previously discovered European rodent alpha-CoVs using a combination of PCR and high-throughput sequencing. Accordingly, the full genome sequence was retrieved from the UK rat coronavirus, along with partial genome sequences from the UK field vole and Poland-resident bank vole CoVs, and a short conserved ORF1b fragment from the French rabbit CoV. Genome and phylogenetic analysis showed that despite their diverse geographic origins, all rodent alpha-CoVs formed a single monophyletic group and shared similar features, such as the same gene constellations, a recombinant beta-CoV spike gene, and similar core transcriptional regulatory sequences (TRS). These data suggest that all rodent alpha CoVs sampled so far originate from a single common ancestor, and that there has likely been a long-term association between alpha CoVs and rodents. Despite this likely antiquity, the phylogenetic pattern of the alpha-CoVs was also suggestive of relatively frequent host-jumping among the different rodent species.
Antiviral Role of IFITM Proteins in Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection
Authors: Li Cheng , Zheng Hongqing , Wang Yifan , Dong Wang , Liu Yaru , Zhang Liang , Zhang Yanming
Published: January 2019

The proteins IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 are host effectors against a broad range of RNA viruses whose roles in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection had not yet been reported. We investigated the effect of these proteins on CSFV replication in mammalian cells. The proteins were overexpressed and silenced using lentiviruses. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the distribution of these proteins in the cells, and immunofluorescence colocalization analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between IFITMs and the CSFV endosomal pathway, including early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. IFITM1, IFITM2, or IFITM3 overexpression significantly inhibited CSFV replication, whereas protein knockdown enhanced CSFV replication. In porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), IFITM1 was mainly located at the cell surface, whereas IFITM2 and IFITM3 were mainly located in the cytoplasm. Following CSFV infection, the distribution of IFITM1 changed. IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 colocalization with Lamp1, IFITM2 with Rab5 and Rab7, and IFITM3 with Rab7 were observed in CSFV-infected cells. Collectively, these results provide insights into the possible mechanisms associated with the anti-CSFV action of the IFITM family.
Atmospheric Teleconnection-Based Extreme Drought Prediction in the Core Drought Region in China
Authors: Gao Qinggang , Kim Jong-Suk , Chen Jie , Chen Hua , Lee Joo-Heon
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to improve the predictability of extreme droughts in China by identifying their relationship with atmospheric teleconnection patterns (ATPs). Firstly, a core drought region (CDR) is defined based on historical drought analysis to investigate possible prediction methods. Through the investigation of the spatial-temporal characteristics of spring drought using a modified Mann–Kendall test, the CDR is found to be under a decadal drying trend. Using principal component analysis, four principal components (PCs), which explain 97% of the total variance, are chosen out of eight teleconnection indices. The tree-based model reveals that PC1 and PC2 can be divided into three groups, in which extreme spring drought (ESD) frequency differs significantly. The results of Poisson regression on ESD and PCs showed good predictive performance with R-squared value larger than 0.8. Furthermore, the results of applying the neural networks for PCs showed a significant improvement in the issue of under-estimation of the upper quartile group in ESD, with a high coefficient of determination of 0.91. This study identified PCs of large-scale ATPs that are candidate parameters for ESD prediction in the CDR. We expect that our findings can be helpful in undertaking mitigation measures for ESD in China.
Health Risk Associated with Some Trace and Some Heavy Metals Content of Harvested Rainwater in Yatta Area, Palestine
Authors: Al-Khatib Issam A. , Arafeh Ghadeer A. , Al-Qutob Mutaz , Jodeh Shehdeh , Hasan A. Rasem , Jodeh Diana , van der Valk Michael
Published: January 2019

Rainwater is considered a dependable source for domestic purposes within rural areas in Palestine. Harvested rainwater stored in cisterns is used to leverage deficits from municipal water supplies. Harvested rainwater in areas surrounded with industrial and agricultural activities is usually contaminated with heavy and trace metals. To study the effects of human exposure to heavy and trace metals, 74 harvested rainwater samples of rain-fed cisterns were collected from different localities in the Yatta area of Palestine in the months of January and February of 2016. The water samples were analysed for Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, K, Na, Ag, Li, Co, Ba, Bi, Sr, Ga, V, Rb, Mo, Beand Tl elements utilizing ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The selected trace metals were found within the concentration limits of the acceptable values, in accordance with WHO and Palestinian standards, except for K and Al, which were found above the allowed limits. The potential risks of the selected trace metals on the health of the local residents, as well as the possible sources of such heavy metals, were also studied. The Chronic daily intake (CDI) of each metal and health risk indexes (HRI) were calculated for both adults and children residents. The oral ingestion pathway was studied, including exposure via drinking water. The values for CDI were found in the descending order of: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Sr > Fe > Al > Ba > Li > V > Rb > Ag > Mo > Ga > Co > Bi > TI > Be. The values of HRI were below 1 for most of the selected heavy metals, expect for Li for children, indicating potential health risk. The study also predicted that the local residents have a higher chance of developing cancer in their lifetime, especially children, with respect to the carcinogenic risk (CRing) values for Na, Mg, Al, Ba, K, Ca, Fe and Sr, which were greater than standardized limits (>10−6). The rest of the selected elements were within the acceptable limit in the five different studied locations. Furthermore, univariate, multivariate and statistical analysis depending on one-way ANOVA, inter-metal correlation, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that geogenic and anthropogenic activities were major sources of drinking water contamination by heavy metals in the Yatta area.
ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENTS, ENERGY USE AND DOMESTIC MATERIAL CONSUMPTION IN CHANGING THE ROMANIAN ECONOMIC PARADIGM
Authors: Popescu Gheorghe H. , Andrei Jean Vasile , Nica Elvira , Mieilă Mihai , Panait Mirela
Published: January 2019

The main aim of the paper is to assess the impact of fix capital, energy use and domestic material consumption in changing the inland Romanian economic paradigm, from an economic perspective, using the intensive form of the Cobb-Douglas function. In order to identify various connections of economic growth, sustainable development, energy usage has determined the application of the vector error correction (VEC) model and the implied error correction term (ECT). This method was chosen based on the premise that it has a high degree of applicability and it can be used in order to revile significant aspects terms of indicator significance and displays. The results obtained during the research confirm that both in Romania and at EU-28 level there are determinant and significant elements shaping a proactive economic policy.
APOGEE [C/N] Abundances across the Galaxy: Migration and Infall from Red Giant Ages
Authors: Hasselquist Sten , Holtzman Jon A. , Shetrone Matthew , Tayar Jamie , Weinberg David H. , Feuillet Diane , Cunha Katia , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Bird Jonathan , Beers Timothy C. , Schiavon Ricardo , Minchev Ivan , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , García-Hernández D. A. , Nitschelm Christian , Zamora Olga
Published: January 2019

We present [C/N]–[Fe/H] abundance trends from the SDSS-IV Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey, Data Release 14 (DR14), for red giant branch stars across the Milky Way (3 kpc < R < 15 kpc). The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (often expressed as [C/N]) can indicate the mass of a red giant star, from which an age can be inferred. Using masses and ages derived by Martig et al., we demonstrate that we are able to interpret the DR14 [C/N]–[Fe/H] abundance distributions as trends in age–[Fe/H] space. Our results show that an anticorrelation between age and metallicity, which is predicted by simple chemical evolution models, is not present at any Galactic zone. Stars far from the plane (

kpc) exhibit a radial gradient in [C/N] (∼−0.04 dex kpc−1). The [C/N] dispersion increases toward the plane (σ
[C/N] = 0.13 at

kpc to σ
[C/N] = 0.18 dex at ∣Z∣ < 0.5 kpc). We measure a disk metallicity gradient for the youngest stars (age < 2.5 Gyr) of −0.060 dex kpc−1 from 6 to 12 kpc, which is in agreement with the gradient found using young CoRoGEE stars by Anders et al. Older stars exhibit a flatter gradient (−0.016 dex kpc−1), which is predicted by simulations in which stars migrate from their birth radii. We also find that radial migration is a plausible explanation for the observed upturn of the [C/N]–[Fe/H] abundance trends in the outer Galaxy, where the metal-rich stars are relatively enhanced in [C/N].
Spectroscopic Parameters of HTiCN/HTiNC: New Titanium Compounds of Astrochemical Interest
Authors: Redondo Pilar , Barrientos Carmen , Largo Antonio
Published: January 2019

A theoretical study of the [C, Ti, H, N] isomers, which are species of possible interstellar interest, has been carried out. We have employed different ab initio and density functional theory methodologies. Eleven isomers on the singlet, triplet, and quintet potential energy surfaces (PES) are characterized. The three most stable isomers of this system are obtained on the 3A″ PES from the interaction of the titanium atom of TiH with the cyano radical, CN, giving the open chains hydrotitanium cyanide/isocyanide (HTiCN/HTiNC) and the cyclic arrangement HTi-CN. For the most stable isomers we apply a composite approach that considers the extrapolation to the complete basis set limit, relativistic, and core-valence electron correlation corrections at the coupled-cluster level, including single and double excitations and a perturbative treatment of triple excitations (CCSD(T)). The lowest-lying isomer, HTiNC, is predicted to lie about 3.67 kcal mol−1 and 3.86 kcal mol−1 below HTiCN and the cyclic structure HTi-CN, respectively. The isomerization processes between these isomers shows that the cyclic structure could easily isomerize into HTiNC (the energy barrier is estimated to be only 0.48 kcal mol−1). We report harmonic and anharmonic frequencies, infrared intensities, and rotational constants that could help in their experimental characterization.
Spitzer Microlensing of MOA-2016-BLG-231L: A Counter-rotating Brown Dwarf Binary in the Galactic Disk
Authors: Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Skowron Jan , Bond Ian A. , Zhu Wei , Albrow Michael D. , Jung Youn Kil , Han Cheongho , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Kim Yun-Hak , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet collaboration), Udalski Andrzej , Poleski Radek , Mróz Przemek , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Pawlak Michał ,   (The OGLE collaboration), Beichman Charles A. , Bryden Geoffery , Novati Sebastiano Calchi , Carey Sean , Gaudi B. Scott , Henderson Calen B. ,   (The Spitzer team), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA colllaboration)
Published: January 2019

We analyze the binary microlensing event MOA-2016-BLG-231, which was observed from the ground and from Spitzer. The lens is composed of very-low-mass brown dwarfs (BDs) with

and

, and it is located in the Galactic disk

. This is the fifth binary brown dwarf discovered by microlensing, and the BD binary is moving counter to the orbital motion of disk stars. Constraints on the lens physical properties come from late-time, non-caustic-crossing features of the Spitzer light curve. Thus, MOA-2016-BLG-231 shows how Spitzer plays a crucial role in resolving the nature of BDs in binary BD events with short timescales (≲10 days).
On the Generation Mechanism of Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind: Statistical Results from Wind Observations
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Feng H. Q. , Wu D. J. , Pi G. , Huang J.
Published: January 2019

Electromagnetic cyclotron waves (ECWs) near the proton cyclotron frequency are frequently observed in the solar wind, yet their generation mechanism is still an open question. Based on the Wind data from 2005−2015, this paper carries out a statistical study on the plasma characteristics associated with the occurrence of ECWs. The probability density distributions (PDDs) of proton temperature anisotropy (T
⊥/T
∥) and proton parallel beta (β
∥) are investigated, where ⊥ and ∥ refer to perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field, respectively. The PDDs depend on solar wind types as well as wave polarizations, and those for ECWs with left-handed (LH) polarization exhibit considerable differences from the PDDs for ambient solar winds. The distributions of occurrence rates of LH ECWs in (β
∥, T
⊥/T
∥) space show a tendency that the occurrence rates increase with proton temperature anisotropies. The β
∥ with the maximum of occurrence rates is near 0.1 when T
⊥/T
∥ > 1, while it is around 1 when T
⊥/T
∥ < 1. The presence of alpha−proton differential flow with large kinetic energy corresponds to a much higher occurrence rate as well as the domination of LH polarization of ECWs. Based on these observations and existing theories, we propose that the proton cyclotron and parallel firehose instabilities with effects of alpha−proton differential flow are likely responsible for the local generation of LH ECWs in the solar wind. The generation mechanism of right-handed (RH) ECWs seems to be complicated and more discussions are needed in future research.
Flat-spectrum Radio Continuum Emission Associated with ϵ Eridani
Authors: Rodríguez Luis F. , Lizano Susana , Loinard Laurent , Chávez-Dagostino Miguel , Bastian Timothy S. , Beasley Anthony J.
Published: January 2019

We present Very Large Array observations at 33.0 GHz that detect emission coincident with ϵ Eridani to within 0.″07 (0.2 au at the distance of this star), with a positional accuracy of 0.″05. This result strongly supports the suggestion of previous authors that the quiescent centimeter emission comes from the star and not from a proposed giant exoplanet with a semimajor axis of ∼1.″0 (3.4 au). The centimeter emission is remarkably flat and is consistent with optically thin free–free emission. In particular, it can be modeled as a stellar wind with a mass-loss rate of the order of 6.6 × 10−11

yr−1, which is 3300 times the solar value, exceeding other estimates of this star’s wind. However, interpretation of the emission in terms of other thermal mechanisms like coronal free–free and gyroresonance emission cannot be discarded.
Fire in the Heart: A Characterization of the High Kinetic Temperatures and Heating Sources in the Nucleus of NGC 253
Authors: Mangum Jeffrey G. , Ginsburg Adam G. , Henkel Christian , Menten Karl M. , Aalto Susanne , Werf Paul van der
Published: January 2019

The nuclear starburst within the central ∼15″ (∼250 pc; 1″ ≃ 17 pc) of NGC 253 has been extensively studied as a prototype for the starburst phase in galactic evolution. Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) imaging within receiver Bands 6 and 7 has been used to investigate the dense gas structure, kinetic temperature, and heating processes that drive the NGC 253 starburst. A total of 29 transitions from 15 molecular species/isotopologues have been identified and imaged at 1.″5–0.″4 resolution, allowing for the identification of five of the previously studied giant molecular clouds within the central molecular zone (CMZ) of NGC 253. Ten transitions from the formaldehyde (H2CO) molecule have been used to derive the kinetic temperature within the ∼0.″5–5″ dense gas structures imaged. On ∼5″ scales we measure T

K
 ≳ 50 K, while on size scales ≲1″ we measure T

K
 ≳ 300 K. These kinetic temperature measurements further delineate the association between potential sources of dense gas heating. We have investigated potential heating sources by comparing our measurements to models that predict the physical conditions associated with dense molecular clouds that possess a variety of heating mechanisms. This comparison has been supplemented with tracers of recently formed massive stars (Brγ) and shocks ([Fe ii]). Derived molecular column densities point to a radially decreasing abundance of molecules with sensitivity to cosmic-ray and mechanical heating within the NGC 253 CMZ. These measurements are consistent with radio spectral index calculations that suggest a higher concentration of cosmic-ray-producing supernova remnants within the central 10 pc of NGC 253.
A Comprehensive Spectroscopic and Photometric Analysis of DA and DB White Dwarfs from SDSS and Gaia
Authors: Genest-Beaulieu C. , Bergeron P.
Published: January 2019

We present a detailed spectroscopic and photometric analysis of DA and DB white dwarfs drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with trigonometric parallax measurements available from the Gaia mission. The temperature and mass scales obtained from fits to ugriz photometry appear reasonable for both DA and DB stars, with almost identical mean masses of

and 0.620 M
⊙, respectively. The comparison with similar results obtained from spectroscopy reveals several problems with our model spectra for both pure hydrogen and pure helium compositions. In particular, we find that the spectroscopic temperatures of DA stars exceed the photometric values by ∼10% above T
eff ∼ 14,000 K, while for DB white dwarfs, we observe large differences between photometric and spectroscopic masses below T
eff ∼ 16,000 K. We attribute these discrepancies to the inaccurate treatment of Stark and van der Waals broadening in our model spectra, respectively. Despite these problems, the mean masses derived from spectroscopy—

and 0.625 M
⊙ for the DA and DB stars, respectively—agree extremely well with those obtained from photometry. Our analysis also reveals the presence of several unresolved double degenerate binaries, including DA+DA, DB+DB, DA+DB, and even DA+DC systems. Finally, we take advantage of the Gaia parallaxes to test the theoretical mass–radius relation for white dwarfs. We find that 65% of the white dwarfs are consistent within the 1σ confidence level with the predictions of the mass–radius relation, thus providing strong support to the theory of stellar degeneracy.
Développement de la compétence culturelle infirmière : perspective d’étudiantes de leur environnement d’apprentissage lors d’un stage clinique à l’international
Authors: Laramée Marie-Christine , Blanchet Garneau Amélie
Published: January 2019

Introduction : il existe une grande diversité dans les programmes de formation en sciences infirmières concernant l’organisation des stages à l’international et le soutien offert aux étudiants dans le développement de leur compétence culturelle. Contexte : peu d’écrits explorent les interactions entre l’environnement d’apprentissage des étudiants et le développement de leur compétence culturelle infirmière. Objectif : explorer, selon la perspective d’étudiants, les éléments de leur environnement d’apprentissage qui interagissent avec le développement de la compétence culturelle lors d’un stage à l’international. Méthode : une étude de cas qualitative a été réalisée. Dix étudiants ayant participé à un stage à l’international dans le cadre d’un programme de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières ont pris part à une entrevue individuelle en profondeur. Résultats : l’analyse thématique des données a fait ressortir trois thèmes : accompagnement par de multiples collaborations, trouver sa place dans le milieu d’accueil et écart entre les attentes des étudiantes et l’expérience vécue. Discussion : cette étude contribue à définir la notion d’environnement d’apprentissage en y intégrant l’accompagnement comme étant une collaboration avec de multiples partenaires. Conclusion : cette étude contribue au développement des connaissances actuelles sur les interactions entre l’environnement d’apprentissage et le développement de la compétence culturelle.
De la clinique à la recherche : l’auto-ethnographie comme outil d’analyse des transitions identitaires du chercheur en sciences infirmières
Authors: Pariseau-Legault Pierre
Published: January 2019

La légitimité scientifique de la recherche en sciences infirmières dépend de son adhésion à différents critères de scientificité. Malgré l’absence de consensus à l’égard de critères prédéterminés, la réflexivité est abondamment discutée afin d’établir la rigueur de la recherche qualitative. Malheureusement, à l’exception d’outils tels que le journal de bord, peu de choses sont dites sur la manière dont la réflexivité peut être démontrée. Plusieurs recherches récentes suggèrent la pertinence de l’auto-ethnographie afin d’appuyer la démarche réflexive du chercheur en sciences infirmières. Inspiré par les constats d’une auto-ethnographie et d’une recension des écrits, cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont cette approche peut contribuer à la réflexivité du chercheur en sciences infirmières. L’auto-ethnographie semble particulièrement adaptée au contexte professionnel et académique dans lequel évoluent plusieurs infirmières. En tant qu’outil réflexif, cette approche peut notamment favoriser le développement de la conscience de soi, proposer des outils analytiques permettant de mieux comprendre l’influence d’expériences préalables sur le rapport à la recherche et rendre compte de la transition opérée entre différentes identités professionnelles. Afin d’alimenter le débat relatif à l’usage de l’auto-ethnographie en recherche qualitative, différents éléments centraux à cette approche sont discutés.
Humaniser les soins par l’auto-observation et le partage de pratiques professionnelles. L’expérience d’une formation dans un Service de soins infirmiers à domicile
Authors: Josset Jean-Marc , Lavoyer Florian , Pâme Patricia
Published: January 2019

Depuis la promotion fin 2012 de la « bientraitance » par la Haute Autorité de Santé, l’humanisation des soins à domicile reste un délicat sujet d’actualité. Pour pallier les difficultés d’encadrement et de suivi de personnels confrontés à un travail difficile, il est souvent proposé de mettre en place des groupes d’échanges de pratiques, mais avec peu de retours sur les modalités de mise en œuvre. En étudiant les récits et commentaires d’aides-soignantes à domicile de la ville de Bouguenais, tout au long d’une formation-action entreprise sur l’année 2017-2018, nous éclairons cette proposition théorique des écueils, étapes et découvertes d’une expérimentation concrète. Nous en retirons quelques points saillants comme l’importance de l’auto-observation, le rapport au temps, et le rôle du jugement dans les interactions avec les pairs et les patients, points que nous confrontons à la littérature sur le sujet.
L’ambivalence de l’ontologie trinitaire. Un état de la question
Authors: Holzer Vincent
Published: January 2019

Le syntagme d’ontologie trinitaire apparaît dans la période contemporaine sous la plume de théologiens comme Theodor Haecker ou Clemens Kaliba, puis plus tardivement dans le manifeste d’ontologie trinitaire de Klaus Hemmerle. Ni Hans Urs von Balthasar, ni Karl Rahner ne le prennent à leur compte, bien que l’un et l’autre aient promu ce qui s’apparente sans conteste à une ontologie « orientée par le message de la foi », « ontologie générale » et « symbolique » pour Rahner, « signification trinitaire de l’être du monde » pour Balthasar. Cette partition donnera lieu à l’une des controverses les plus célèbres du xx e siècle au sujet de l’ontologie et de ses fonctions en théologie systématique. L’étude de Vincent Holzer, L’ambivalence de l’ontologie trinitaire , est tout entière consacrée à ce segment moderne et contemporain de l’ontologie trinitaire. Elle en analyse les présupposés et les données fondamentales, tout en les interrogeant de manière critique et prospective.
Implications de l’ontologie de la communion et de la relation dans la pensée de G. Greshake
Authors: Ferri Riccardo
Published: January 2019

La proposition théologique de G. Greshake est explicitement marquée par l’intention de ne pas se limiter à une étude de la doctrine trinitaire en elle-même, mais d’en saisir les prémisses et les reflets dans l’expérience de la réalité et dans la conception de l’être. À travers l’idée de communion, clé interprétative de l’identité trinitaire du Dieu chrétien, l’auteur parvient à esquisser les éléments essentiels d’une ontologie communionnelle et relationnelle. Ce travail veut réfléchir de manière critique sur les présupposés méthodologiques et les nœuds conceptuels principaux dans lesquels s’articule et se déploie la pensée de Greshake, jusqu’à identifier les perspectives ouvertes que les implications de son approche ontologico-trinitaire sollicitent et invitent à développer.
Un « retour en grâce » de la philosophie d’Emmanuel Mounier ?
Authors: Petit Jean-François
Published: January 2019

Comment expliquer « le retour en grâce de la philosophie d’Emmanuel Mounier » ? On peut comprendre les raisons de l’oubli puis de la réémergence de la pensée dans le mouvement de réévaluation des philosophies du xx e siècle par un vaste travail d’édition et de réélaborations critiques à la faveur de significations plus cosmopolitiques et d’un approfondissement théorique, dont Paul Ricœur fut la cheville ouvrière. Si le «  kairos  » des années 2000 s’estompe, un nouveau cycle de réception est sans doute en train de s’engager.
On the origin of spatially dependent electronic excited-state dynamics in mixed hybrid perovskite thin films
Authors: Ma Ying-Zhong , Doughty Benjamin , Simpson Mary Jane , Das Sanjib , Xiao Kai
Published: January 2019

The fundamental photophysics underlying the remarkable performance of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in optoelectronic device applications has been increasingly studied using complementary spectroscopic techniques. However, the spatially heterogeneous polycrystalline morphology of the solution-processed thin films is often overlooked in conventional ensemble measurements and therefore the reported results are averaged over hundreds or even thousands of nano- and micro-crystalline grains. Here, we apply femtosecond transient absorption microscopy to spatially and temporally probe ultrafast electronic excited-state dynamics in chloride containing mixed lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3–xClx) thin films. We found that the electronic excited-state relaxation kinetics are extremely sensitive to the spatial location probed, which was manifested by position-dependent transient absorption signal amplitude and decay behaviour, along with an obvious rise component at some positions. The analysis of transient absorption kinetics acquired at several distinct spatial positions enabled us to identify Auger recombination as the dominant mechanism underlying the initial portions of the spatially dependent dynamics with variable rate constants. The different rates observed suggest occurrence of distinct local electronic structures and variable contributions from impurities/defects and phonons in this nonlinear dynamical process.
Photophysical relaxation mechanism of excited phtalimide compounds
Authors: Čiplys Ignas , Orita Ryoji , Ando Shinji , Gulbinas Vidmantas
Published: January 2019

Fluorescent polymers are one of the most desired materials for making novel flexible electronic components or spectral converters. Favourable properties of polyimides (PIs) make them a potentially attractive class of polymers but, unfortunately, they generally show a very weak fluorescence. As a result, there has been a large amount of work directed towards finding the reasons behind the lack of fluorescence of PIs and making their new fluorescent variants. Amine-substituted phtalimides are heavily used as model compounds for fluorescent PIs. In this work we have examined the photophysical relaxation mechanism of such two phtalimides (3Pi and 3Pyr) that were previously discovered to have low quantum yields of fluorescence. Our aim was to find the reason behind this lack of fluorescence and to suggest ways to make these properties more attractive. We have investigated the photophysics of phtalimides by time resolved fluorescence and ultrafast transient absorption techniques in solvent mixtures of different viscosities. Our results demonstrate that intramolecular rotation is a crucial process that opens up an alternative relaxation pathway to fluorescence in phtalimides, which has to be suppressed for designing more fluorescent materials.
Dark states of symmetric polymethine dyes revealed by pump–dump–probe spectroscopy
Authors: Redeckas Kipras , Voiciuk Vladislava , Ishchenko Alexander A. , Vengris Mikas
Published: January 2019

We have applied three-pulse transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics in two symmetric polymethine dyes. Pump–deplete–probe experiments have revealed that the excited state manifold of these molecules contains two closely lying excited states in the dynamic equilibrium. One of these states is emissive, while the other is largely dark. It is the dark state that ultimately results in the photoisomer formation and is the main channel of excited state decay in these dyes. We have shown that excited state populations do flow between these two states and therefore it can be inferred that the photoisomerization pathway is not predetermined by ground state distortions of the molecular structure. The decision whether the molecule will isomerize or not seems to be taken in the excited state. Global analysis of three-pulse transient data allowed us to determine the spectra of the excited and ground intermediate states and build a comprehensive picture of photoinduced dynamics in symmetric polymethine dyes.
The Development and Performance Evaluation of Digital Museums Toward Second Classroom of Primary and Secondary School – Taking Zhejiang Education Technology Digital Museum as An Example
Authors: Zheng Ying , Yang Yuhui , Chai Huifang , Chen Mo , Zhang Jianping
Published: January 2019

Currently, visiting museums is one activity that gaining its popularity from primary and secondary school students, which makes museum an important part of second classroom. However, this kind of educational activity is limited by several factors such as transportation, time and space, etc., which result in several defects such as limited visiting efficiency, lacks of evaluation for teaching achievements etc. To solve these problems, we put forward a countermeasure program of digital museums towards second classroom for primary and secondary school students. First, we analyzed the studies of second classroom based on the digital museums both in China and other countries. On the basis of such analysis, we took Zhejiang Education Technology Museum as a template to design and develop Zhejiang Education Technology Digital Museum. Then we used theory of pairing design to study the performance of the traditional museum education and the digital museum education respectively. Finally, we evaluated users’ experience of Zhejiang Education Technology Digital Museum by carrying out a questionnaire survey.
To Monitor and Detect Suspicious Transactions in a Financial Transaction System Through Database Forensic Audit and Rule-Based Outlier Detection Model
Authors: Khanuja Harmeet Kaur , Adane Dattatraya
Published: January 2019

The objective of this chapter is to monitor database transactions and provide information accountability to databases. It provides a methodology to retrieve and standardize different audit logs in a uniform XML format which are extracted from different databases. The financial transactions obtained through audit logs are then analyzed with database forensic audit. The transactions are examined, detected, and classified as per regulations and well-defined RBI antimony laundering rules to obtain outliers and suspicious transactions within audit logs. Bayesian network is used in this research to represent rule-based outlier detection model which identifies the risk level of the suspicious transactions.
Forensic Auditing Tools in Detecting Financial Statements' Irregularities
Authors: Othman Radiah , Ameer Rashid , Laswad Fawzi
Published: January 2019

This chapter illustrates a three-stage analytical procedure to examine and detect the likelihood of financial statements manipulation and identify the accounts that were manipulated by Toshiba. It applies the Beneish model and Benford's law to Toshiba's balance sheet and income statement from 2002 to 2016. The results show significant deviation from Benford's law in the pre-fraud period in equity, long-term receivables and property, plant and equipment, long-term liabilities, and in the post-fraud period in the long-term liabilities, equity, long-term receivables, and total current assets. The results provide evidence of the usefulness of Beneish and Benford law as forensic auditing tools for detecting financial statements' irregularities and fraud that would be useful for the audit planning and sampling procedures.
Internal Control System in Cooperative Society
Authors: Manjah Norfaizah , Othman Radiah , Yusoff Haslinda
Published: January 2019

The increasing number of recent fraud cases involving the board of directors and top management in cooperative societies has raised concerns about the effectiveness of internal control systems (ICS) in these organizations. This chapter aims to examine the relationship between the effectiveness of the ICS and the likelihood of fraud occurrence by focusing on the control environment, risk assessment, and monitoring activities of cooperative societies in Malaysia. The results showed that the effectiveness of the control environment, risk assessment, and monitoring had no significant relationship with the likelihood of fraud occurrence in these organizations. However, this does not necessarily mean that the fraud risk is not an emerging issue. The study proposes that the internal auditors and audit committee oversee a pro-active fraud prevention check-up, as suggested by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), which is to be implemented in co-operative societies to assess how vulnerable the organizations are to fraud.
External vs. Internal Auditors in Prevention and Detection of Fraud
Authors: Robalo Rui , Antunes da Silva Sérgio
Published: January 2019

This chapter aims to analyze, from the perspective of tax inspectors, what appreciation these tax auditors have to the collaboration between external and internal auditors for the prevention and detection of fraud in organizations. The investigation, based on the opinion of 142 Portuguese tax inspectors, reveals that tax inspectors attach a greater importance to the absence of barriers of communication between external and internal auditors, to the indications of the external to the internal auditors, on situations enhancing risk, and to the fact that, in dubious situations, the internal auditors must listen the opinion of the external auditors. In turn, tax inspectors value less the consideration of the external auditors in the work developed by the internal auditors, the frequency of meetings between the external and internal auditors, and the confidence of the external auditors in the technical work quality of the internal auditors. Despite the consistency of these results, the present study has allowed us to detect some differences between the tax inspectors surveyed.
Getting Supporter Engagement in Sports
Authors: Baena Veronica
Published: January 2019

This chapter attempts to provide a better understanding of the impact that sport marketing is having on achieving customer engagement. To accomplish this goal, the case of the Real Madrid F.C., estimated at having over 200 million supporters worldwide, is analyzed. Moreover, the team is among the top three clubs of the world in terms of followers and engagement on social media. As regards brand value, the Real Madrid F.C. is worth more than any team in the world. The combination of the aforementioned factors made the Real Madrid F.C. the appropriate brand to choose for this study, representing a leading organization in sports, business, and marketing. A number of methods were used to collect data for this study; specifically, information about the team was gathered by repeatedly browsing its website, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram accounts, and apps. Data from interviews published in business press and posts were also compiled. Additionally, a focus group was conducted to discuss the customer engagement of Real Madrid's fans.
Finding Their Voice
Authors: Rice Bethany M.
Published: January 2019

Disability studies seeks to promote equitable education for all students through inclusive education. According to Goodley, disability is multifaceted—being political, cultural, and social in nature. Inclusive education is often underrepresented in teacher preparation. Teacher candidates need experience in providing instruction to all students, not just those considered “normal.” In their research on the use of autoethnography with teacher candidates, Rice and Threlkeld identified that while candidates saw a need for social justice, they lacked the necessary skills to take action. Combining autoethnography with action research would fill a void in the field of inclusive teacher preparation. The critical reflection used in autoethnography would potentially identify areas of social justice needed to improve inclusive practices in the classroom. Candidates would then have an opportunity to engage in action research to explore their identified topic. This chapter proposes a method to combine autoethnography and action research to impact social change among teacher candidates.
Building a Conceptual Framework for Culturally Inclusive Collaboration for Urban Practitioners
Authors: Williams York
Published: January 2019

Special education teacher preparation is one of the most critical areas of teacher preparation in higher education. The field is even more complicated depending on the environment in which it takes shape given urban, high-needs, suburban, and rural school communities. Equally important in today's teacher preparation paradigm is supplying pre-service teachers with the pedagogical skills necessary to meet the needs of their 21st century learners, especially those students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds and who attend urban schools. This chapter attempts to construct a practitioner friendly framework to examine inextricable linkages between teacher preparation and the role higher education institutions play in providing pre-service special education teachers the requisite skills necessary to become successful urban educators/practitioners. Teacher preparation programs can better support new teacher retention through CRT and family diversity training.
Assessment and Culturally Relevant Inclusive Education
Authors: Stone-MacDonald Angi , Shehaghilo Japhari Robert
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, the authors will describe a case study that illuminates assessment, identification, and inclusive educational practices in Tanzania. The key purposes of this chapter are to briefly describe the history of special needs education and policies and assessment practices in Tanzania, to examine how one non-governmental organization project uses culturally relevant assessment and inclusive education to support assessment and education of children in Tanzania, and to offer lessons learned from this study on how assessment and teacher preparation can support inclusive practices and teacher education in Tanzania and other similar locations. This chapter incorporates assessment theory, research in the field, and an understanding of culturally relevant practices drawn from the authors' practical work in the field and Tanzania. This chapter will add to the limited scholarly literature on assessment in inclusive education in Tanzania, while also offering research to practice solutions for teachers and teacher educators in the field.
Examining Teachers' Professional Development for Promoting Inclusive Education in Displacement
Authors: Kurawa Gwadabe
Published: January 2019

Inclusive education, in most countries affected by an emergency or crisis, is focused on providing access to quality education for all children. Provision of quality education for all children, as discussed in much literature about education, is very much dependent on teacher quality. Improving and sustaining the quality of teaching is equally determined by the type of training and professional development offered to teachers. Teachers, however, in emergency contexts such as in the Northeast of Nigeria, may be recruited to improve student learning, having received little or no relevant training. Therefore, professional learning for teachers that is intended to offer them opportunities for immediate and sustained improvement in practice is, this chapter argues, needed in such emergency contexts. This chapter therefore analyses teacher professional development that can improve the standard of education for all children and then assesses the effect of this development in practice in the Northeast of Nigeria.
Technologies of Organization of Students' Independent Work in Studying Pedagogical Disciplines at Classic Universities
Authors: Darinskaia Larisa Alexandrovna , Molodtsova Galina
Published: January 2019

The chapter deals with the problem of preparing a graduate of a classical university, possessing both professional and special competencies, which include expertise, knowledge, and skills obtained in the study of pedagogical disciplines. The effectiveness of student preparation largely depends on the results of their independent work, which is given a significant amount of academic time. At the same time, the teacher's task is to accompany the student's independent work and to draw up a system of non-standard tasks that develop communicative and creative skills, skills of working with scientific texts and project activities. The aim of the chapter is to reveal the possibilities of technologies of independent work organization that motivate students to dynamic cognitive activity while studying pedagogical disciplines (on the example of studying the course “Pedagogy” at Saint Petersburg State University).
Selection of Plagiarism Detection Software and Its Integration Into Moodle for Universities
Authors: Önaçan Mehmet Bilge Kağan , Uluağ Mesut , Önel Tolga , Medeni Tunç Durmuş
Published: January 2019

Plagiarism detection software packages have an important role in detection of plagiarism in exams, assignments, projects, and scientific researches. The main goal of this chapter is the selection of plagiarism detection software (PDS) and its integration into Moodle, an open source learning management system (LMS), for the use of a higher education institution. For this reason, first, the selection criteria are determined by nominal group technique (NGT) and then the most appropriate PDS is selected. At the end of the study, Crot, an open source PDS, is determined and integrated into Moodle. The suggested selection criteria would be useful for other higher education institutions in Turkey and other countries that rely on open software.