bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USPEŠNOST POSLOVANJA NA INO TRŽIŠTU
Authors: Stojanović Vladimir , Jugo Elvir , Cerić Anes
Published: October 2017

Velika uzajamna trgovina između istočnoevropskih zemalja, raspala se sa demontiranjem socijalističke strukture i sa smanjenjem sovjetskog političkog uticaja na istočno-evropske zahteve. Zavisnost svake zemlje pojedinačno od trgovine unutar bloka je bila veoma velika, a gubitak tržišta i izvora snabdevanja za neki vitalni uvoz teško je pogodilo neke zemlje. Pokušaji da se oživi trgovina unutar bloka do sada nisu bili dovoljno uspešni, a pokušaji da se razvije velika trgovina na relaciji istok-zapad dali su samo ograničene rezultate.Liberalni koncept potiskuje državu sa tržišta i svodi je na stranog posmatrača koji garantuje fer igru i poštovanje pravila, svetost privatnog vlasništva, trgovinsku liberalizaciju, stabilnu valutu, niske poreze i slobodne cene, manju javnu potrošnju i efikasniju administraciju.Izvesno je da će menadžment prodaje i na pragu 21-og veka biti suočen sa veoma dinamičnim promenama u okruženju. Intenzivno uvođenje poznatog »just-in-time« sistema proizvodnje i nabavke, zatim implementacija sofisticiranog kompjuterizovanog sistema planiranja zaliha, a posebno evidentne promene u odnosima između članova kanala marketinga, imaće veliki uticaj na uspešnost plasmana proizvoda na ino tržištu , a samim tim i postizanje održive konkurentnosti.U ovom rada govorićemo o tome kako kompanije mogu da stvaraju vrednost i postižu konkurentske prednosti na globalnom tržištu, kao i na koji način da izbegnu postavljene zamke. Raspravljaćemo ne samo o faktorima koji mogu da utiču na nacionalni uspeh u pojedinim privrednim granama, već i kako kompanije mogu da postanu uspešne u uključivanju u međunarodno poslovanje, čime postaju raznovrsne u pogledu širenja svog obima poslovanja. Ključne reči: globalizacija, tržište, poslovanje, konkurentnost.
ZNAČAJ UVOĐENJA LICENCIRANE EDUKACIJE ZDRAVSTVENIH RADNIKA RADI EFIKASNOG UPRAVLJANJA POSLJEDICAMA KATASTROFA
Authors: Živanović Cvijetin , Komarčević Miodrag , Cvjetković Jugoslav
Published: October 2017

Katastrofe se javljaju usljed nemogućnosti obuzdavanja kriznih situacija koje po prirodi svoje pojave predstavljaju odstupanje od normalnog dešavanja. Takva situacija po pravilu potencijalno uzrokuje mnogostruke opasnosti po ljude i okruženje izazivajući masovnu smrt ljudi, rušenje i uništavanje infrastrukture. Kada se desi katastrofa, kada „puca“ kompletan (nacionalni) infrastrukturni sistem tada i (nacionalni) zdravstveni sistem „puca“ usljed narušenosti balansa između potreba i mogućnosti zdravstvenog sistema da adekvatno reaguje u novonastalim uslovima. U prošlosti edukacija zdravstvenih radnika, kada je u pitanju njihovo djelovanje u uslovima katastrofa, uglavnom se ignorisala. Takav pristup državnih vlasti ovom problemu proisticao je iz činjenice da su se katastrofe smatrale pojavama koje se rijetko događaju, imaju bezbroj oblika djelovanja, uzroka nastanka i svakako nemjerljive posljedice. U tom pogledu vladala je nacionalna predrasuda da je gotovo nemoguće ustanoviti nacionalne standarde za djelovanje u uslovima velikih nesreća odnosno katastrofa. Ali, katastrofe koje su se dogodile poslednjih decenija, ubrzan tehničko-tehnološki razvoj, informatička dostupnost širokim slojevima stanovništva doprinijele su stvaranju obrazaca prema kojima je donekle moguće predvidjeti (definisati) nivo problema izazvanih određenim tipovima katastrofa što je kompletno zdravstvo jedne (savremene) zemlje stavilo pred edukacijski izazov. Na taj način stvoreni su uslovi da savremene države (pa i BiH) u svoje školske sisteme, a posebno u sisteme postdiplomskog i/ili specijalističkog studija formalnog zdravstvenog obrazovanja, uključe i licencirane programe savladavanja vještina koje se odnose na upravljanje i saniranje posljedica katastrofa izazvanih iznenadnim djelovanjem prirodnih, tehničkih i kosmičkih faktora.
CORRUPTION, CAPITAL ABUNDANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Bilas Vlatka , Bošnjak Mile , Franc Sanja
Published: October 2017

The aim of this paper is to establish and clarify the relationship between corruption level and development among European Union countries. Out of the estimated model in this paper one can conclude that the level of corruption can explain capital abundance differences among European Union countries. Also, explanatory power of corruption is higher in explaining economic development than in explaining capital abundance, meaning stronger relationship between corruption level and economic development than between corruption level and capital abundance. There is no doubt that reducing corruption would be beneficial for all countries. Since corruption is a wrongdoing, the rule of law enforcement is of utmost importance. However, root causes of corruption, namely the institutional and social environment: recruiting civil servants on a merit basis, salaries in public sector competitive to the ones in private sector, the role of international institutions in the fight against corruption, and some other corruption characteristics are very important to analyze in order to find effective ways to fight corruption. Further research should go into this direction.
ULOGA I ZNAČAJ FORENZIČKOG RAČUNOVODSTVA U OTKRIVANJU FINANSIJSKIH PREVARA
Authors: Aleksić Milanka , Vujnović- Gligorić Bogdana , Uremović Nina
Published: October 2017

Sa razvojem svjetskog tržišta dolazi do naglog rasta finansijskih prevara, što umanjuje objektivnost i pouzdanost finansijskog izvještavanja. U nastojanju da se smanji broj prevara i tako vrati povjerenje u finansijske izvještaje, došlo je do nastanka novog pravca u računovodstvu koji se naziva forenzičko računovodstvo. Forenzičko računovodstvo se bavi detaljnim i dubljim ispitivanjem regularnosti poslovanja preduzeća sa svrhom otkrivanja finansijskih prevara, kao i sankcionisanja počinioca, kroz prikupljanje dokaza prihvatljivih za sud. Radom se želi istražiti potreba razvoja profesionalnog forenzičkog računovodstva, kako zbog porasta tradicionalnog i novog kriminala, tako i zbog nedostatka specijalnih znanja i iskustava postojećih nadzornih i izvršnih tijela u procesu istraga i davanja mišljenja o nedozvoljenim radnjama. Shodno tome, cilj ovog rada je da analizira pojam i cilj forenzičkog računovodstva, kao i da se utvrde poslovi forenzičkog računovođe i odnosi revizije i forenzičkog računovodstva. U tu svrhu korištene su metoda analize i sinteze, dok se kod utvrđivanja predmeta forenzičkog računovodstva koristila metoda deskripcije.
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS, TRADE AND COMPETITIVENESS COUNTRIES IN THE DANUBE REGION
Authors: Ignjatijević Svetlana , Milojević Ivan , Đorđević Dragomir
Published: October 2017

This paper observes macroeconomic performance of the Danube region countries, with a special focus on Serbia, as well as the increase of GDP, inflation, unemployment, public debt share, external debt, foreign direct investment (FDI), current- account deficit and shares of export and import in GDP. The Danube region countries have different characteristics of economic development and different degrees of competitiveness in the international market. The subject of this research is the analysis of macroeconomic performance and influence of foreign trade on the economic development of the Danube region countries, paying special attention to Serbia, with the aim to improve its position in the international market. This study points to the presence of a high degree of correlation between economic development, level of GDP and foreign trade. The conducted research proved that there is significant interdependence among the mentioned parameters, supporting our thesis that the increase of export positively affects the level of GDP.
NEUROEKONOMIJA KAO SAVREMENA METODA ISTRAŽIVANJA DONOŠENJA EKONOMSKIH ODLUKA
Authors: Kolev Dragan , Njegovanović Ana , Krešimir Ćosić Petar
Published: October 2017

Jedan od ključnih momenata u ekonomiji je donošenje adekvatnih ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka koji podrazumeva izbor određene alternative. Značajne stručne i naučne rasprave se vode oko same prirode procesa donošenja odluka kao i o dominantnim faktorima koji na nju utiču. Istorija ekonomske misli beleži različite pristupe i analitičke izazove pred problemom donošene ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka. U nastojanju da ovaj problem svestrano sagleda naučnici su pored saznanja klasične ekonomske/finansijske teorije uključivali i brojne druge naučne discipline. U poslednje vreme se sve više pažnja savremene ekonomije fokusira na psihološke aspekte ekonomskog ponašanja odnosno na onome što je domen donošenja korporativnih ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka i uloge tržišta. Savremena ekonomija sve više pažnje poklanja potrošačkom ponašanju ali i psihološkim faktorima koji utiču na ekonomske odluke. Kao rezultat toga pojavile su se novi teorijski koncepti koji su ponudili nova objašnjenja procesa donošenja ekonomskih/finansijskih odlika. Pored bihevioralne ekonomije (bihevioralne finansije), poslednjih decenija se u akademskoj javnosti pojavio buket disciplina koje su u svom nazivu imale prefiks „neuro“ među kojima su za naš rad naročito značajni neuroekonomija i neurofinansije. Neuroekonomija/neurofinansije su dinamična i perspektivna polja istraživanja koje spaja koncepte ekonomije/finansija, socijalne i kognitivne psihologije sa neurologijom u nastojanju da se bolje razume sam proces ekonomskog/finansijskog odlučivanja, odnosno mehanizmima i modela donošenja ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka. Na raspolaganju joj stoje neuronaučne tehnike i alati oslikavanja aktivnosti mozga u procesu donošenja ekonomskih/finansijskih odluka kao što su elektroencefalogram (EEG) ili funkcionalna magnetna rezonanca (fMR). U složenim uslovima ekonomskog privređivanja menadžeri se nalaze pred novim izazovima ekonomskog razvoja. Nastojeći da razreše probleme ekonomske recesije u neuroekonomiji su našli uspešan alternativni oslonac. Imajući ovo u vidu može se reči da neuroekonomija, kao mlada naučna disciplina, predstavlja inovativni pristup koji se može staviti u funkciju privrednog razvoja.
KONCEPT EKOLOŠKIH TEHNOLOGIJA PLASTIČNOG OBLIKOVANJA METALA U RAZVOJU SAVREMENIH PROIZVODNIH SISTEMA
Authors: Vujinović Tomislav , Stefanović Milentije , Adamović Dragan
Published: October 2017

Tehnologije plastičnog ablikovanja (TPO),u savremenoj industrijskoj proizvodnji dominira u odnosu na ostale tehnologije, prije svega u industrijski razvijenim zemljama.U cilju zaštite kako ograničenih resursa tako i zaštiti čovjekove okoline, neminovno je usaglašavanje ove tehnologije sa savremenim zahtjevima uvođenja tzv. “čistih“proizvodnih postupaka i tehnologija. U ovom radu dat je savremeni pristup modeliranja sistema TPO sa posebnim osvrtom na tehnologije oblikovanja na završnu formu (Net shape forming, NSF)koje omogućavaju uštedu u materijalu i ekoliški su prihvatljive.Osim ekoloških aspekata u oblasti TPO, ukazano je na značaj izbora sredstava za podmazivanje kako sa tehnološkog tako i sa ekološkog stanovišta.Takođe se, pored navedenih pregleda izučavanja u ovoj oblasti, navode i rezultati sopstvenih istraživanja, sa preporukama za korišćenje ekoloških komponenti obradnih procesa, u različitim postupcima TPO - pri hladnom kovanju, preradi limova i sl.
CLOUD COMPUTING KAO NOVA POSLOVNA PARADIGMA / CLOUD COMPUTING AS A NEW BUSINESS PARADIGM
Authors: Bahrudin Hrnjica , Jakupović Sanel
Published: October 2017

Cloud computing or cloud computing can be defined as computer evolution that began 30 years ago and represents the integration of several technologies (Autonomic Computing, Grid Computing, Utility Computing and Virtualization) located in remote and guarded data centers. Although only a few years in wide use, greatly changed the way we use computers not only in the business sector, but also in other segments of society. Social networks, mobile technologies and services on the Internet such as Skype and other services to communicate, share files and photos, the entertainment industry and others. based on cloud computing technology, but we are not even aware of. In this paper, several common business scenarios in which the cloud computing technology optimal choice compared to the now classic client-server architecture. Cloud computing platform that handles the work represents the Microsoft Azure platform, which represents the most complete and fastest growing cloud platform today.
EFIKASNOST FINANSIJSKIH TRŽIŠTA / EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Kapor Predrag
Published: October 2017

Are financial markets efficient is a question on which there is still no clear and complete answer. Position that prices of securities fully reflect available information about securities is called the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). The EMH (on the example of stocks) has three forms (or levels) of efficiency: 1) the ‘’ weak’’ form of the EMH- is the claim that stock prices reflect all information contained in previous transactions; 2) the ‘’ semi- strong’’ form of the EMH- is the claim that stock prices reflect all publicly available information, and 3) the’’ strong’’ form of the EMH- is the claim that stock prices reflect all relevant information (public and private), including the privileged (the insider) information.Numerous studies have confirmed the existence of a’’ weak’’ form of the EMH, and generally supported the existence of a’’ semi-strong’’ form of the EMH, but not of a ‘’ strong’’ form of the EMH. However, the EMH, even if it is a ‘’weak’’ or a ‘’semi-strong’’ form has a number of weaknesses. Some of the the EMH assumptions confront with the reality – there is no perfect information, transaction and information costs can be significant, markets are often imperfect, and investors do not have complete knowledge about the set of all available financial strategies for a given situation.The information ’’overload’’ confuses people and affects their ability to prioritize and make good decisions. On the other hand, electronic trading method significantly affects the information at the disposal of the different market actors. It seems that the greatest threat to the EMH comes from the field of behavioral finance, which is engaged in research on the possible impact of psychological factors (loss aversion, anchoring, overconfidence...) on the behavior of investors. The basic argument of behavioral finance is that ’’standard’’ financial theory is not paying attention to how ordinary people make decisions and that ‘’ human factor’’ can not be ignored.Tha aim of this study was to critically examine the EMH. Apperently, the EMH after numerous studes and identified anomalies, largely remains at the level of (insufficiently confirmed) hypothesis, although it is often given the status, or created an illusion, of confirmed. This is also because the EMH is an important component of the rulling ’’paradigm’’ in finance or ’’standard finance theory’’. Joperdizing the status of the EMH bring into question many other important components of this ’’paradigm’’.The EMH has not offered acceptable answers to some of the specific developments and events in the financial market, including the last global financial crisis. But, the EMH still remains one of the cornerstones of ’’standard’’ finance theory.
MENADŽMENT I PLANIRANJE LJUDSKIH RESURSA / MANAGEMENT AND PLANING HUMAN RESOURCES
Authors: Panić Biljana , Cvijić Jana , Petrović Nada
Published: October 2017

The importance study shows is based on the possibility of a company that through proper human resources management strategy achieved an increase in effectiveness and efficiency, and therefore the productivity of business in the conditions of high competition. Strategic management of human resources is an important part of the sphere of management, and is based on a theoretical - practical knowledge in the field of work psychology. Human resource management can significantly influence the behavior of employees, their attitudes and success. People, their skills, knowledge and information are the characteristic of the each organization and can not be copied. It must be borne in mind that human resource management can fail if the pursuit organitzacija hire the wrong people, or if they are not motivated enough to their employed. Human resources management strategy needs to be aligned with the company’s strategy. Basic objectives and methods of human resource management needs to ensure the success of the company. Human resources management strategy has an important operational and managerial function carried out by managers of human reusrse. Management Strategy managers are determined by the quality of employees and their potential. The objectives of human resources management in the organization is directly related to the individual indicators work and results achieved by the employees. From the quality of motivation and stimulation of employees rise to its productivity, loyalty and quality of work. At the organizational level, human resource management strategy should be aimed at increasing the level of average productivity, improving quality, improving working conditions. Planing human resources is achieved competitive strategy of the organization. All of that contribute the most to employees and their productive possibility.
CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS / KORPORATIVNA KOMUNIKACIJA U FUNKCIJI RAZVOJA POSLOVANJA
Authors: Projović Ivana , Kolev Dragan
Published: October 2017

n the world of management and modern business relations there is a widespread belief that the future of any company largely depends on how it is presented in the eyes of key stakeholders (shareholders, investors, customers, consumers, employees and the public, or the environment in which company operates). This attitude is further confirmed by the process of globalization, the global economic crisis and the growing dominance of modern information technology. Also by corporate affairs which are in the recent years more and more. Construction, maintenance and protection of the business image are the main task of the managment of each company. The reputation of the company is approached as one of the most important strategic objectives, which essentially is the main task of corporate communications. However, despite the importance attributed to it, it has not been sufficiently explored, nor precisely defined.One of the fundamental issues that researchers encounter relates to the use of corporate communications and communication of the companies with all actors of business. The most common problem is reflected in the fact that communications strategies often are not accepted by the management, who do not understand the developments in the business environment and how they affect on the business and profitability of the company. Decision-makers do not understand in which way and how communication affects on the development of business and increasing profit. Identification of events and relationships that fall within the jurisdiction of corporate communications, which are beyond the understanding and control of decision-makers, creates opportunities for communication and engagement with the actors inside the company, as well as with those outside. In this article we are dealing with the theoretical and conceptual definition of corporate communications, its strategy, types and benefits based on the available literature and communication concepts, insights and practices.
PRODUCT DESIGN IN THE SERVICE OF QUALITY INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
Authors: Tripunoski Mirko , Ferati Fisnik , Sibinovski Borche
Published: October 2017

The world is full of favorable opportunities, they could be big, small, recurrent, unrepeatable, and in the end they are always either used or missed forever. The product design is a convenient opportunity used to implement something new in the business in the service of international marketing. One of the biggest opportunities in this dynamic economic development is to invent something that will have a significantly lower price than the competitors’ while remaining profitable. The priority task is to achieve maximum level of engagement by the management in the process of designing an organizational structure where the organizational design represents a solid and complex architecture composed of several parts while the main strategy focuses on the new competitive advantages. This complex reality should be accepted as both a challenge and an opportunity provided that the designing of the product basically becomes a proper state of mind within the management. This means that managers need more creativity and more profound logic if they want their product to be successful and effective. Certainly in this case the management can create a model of organizational structure that will allow the company to create value for the shareholders, employees and customers. An integral part of this paper is the way we achieve this new state of prudent consciousness needed for the success of the future market.
Analiza sudarnog procesa vozila sa utjecajem na energetsku kompatibilnost na vozilima
Authors: Šimun Bogdan
Published: October 2017

Cilj ovog rada je, na Osnovnom sudu u Mostaru dokazati pogrešnu tvrdnju koju je prometna policija u svom zapisniku na mjestu prometne nezgode istu okarakterizirala kao namještenu bez ikakvih materijalnih dokaza. Za učesnike uprometnoj nezgodi pored prekršajne je podignut i krivični postupak. Insinuacija za namještenu nezgodu bila je u nesrazmjeri oštećenja na prednjem i stražnjem dijelu vozila. Ovim radom je dokazano u kom odnosu stoje deformacije na vozilus obzirom na vrijednost otpornog momenta poprečnog presjeka prednjeg i stražnjeg dijela vozila.
Planovi reorganizacije privrednih subjekata u stečajnom postupku Praktični aspekti pripreme i realizacije
Authors: Salić Dragan , Kondić Rade
Published: October 2017

Ovaj rad ima za cilj da predstavi reorganizaciju kao sveobuhvatnu meru za sprečavanje bankrotstva u skladu sadomaćim propisima koji regulišu tu oblast uz uvažavanje međunarodnih iskustava i primera iz ove oblasti. Takođe se, nemože zanemariti činjenica da je reorganizacija ipak deo stečajnog prava i da se pri obradi ove teme mora uzeti u obzir iosnovne odredbe Zakona o stečajnom postupku, faktori koji utiču na reorganizaciju preduzeća, neophodni preduslovi zanjegovu efi kasnu primenu kao i posledice na opšte ekonomske prilike u zemlji.U cilju što sveobuhvatnijeg odgovora na samu temu, u radu su prikazane osnovne karakteristike plana, propisana metodologija izrade, sadržaj, izvori podataka, postupak razmatranja, usvajanja i primene.
Is geography an accurate predictor of evolutionary history in the millipede family Xystodesmidae?
Authors: Means Jackson C. , Marek Paul E.
Published: October 2017

For the past several centuries, millipede taxonomists have used the morphology of male copulatory structures (modified legs called gonopods), which are strongly variable and suggestive of species-level differences, as a source to understand taxon relationships. Millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae are blind, dispersal-limited and have narrow habitat requirements. Therefore, geographical proximity may instead be a better predictor of evolutionary relationship than morphology, especially since gonopodal anatomy is extremely divergent and similarities may be masked by evolutionary convergence. Here we provide a phylogenetics-based test of the power of morphological versus geographical character sets for resolving phylogenetic relationships in xystodesmid millipedes. Molecular data from 90 species-group taxa in the family were included in a six-gene phylogenetic analysis to provide the basis for comparing trees generated from these alternative character sets. The molecular phylogeny was compared to topologies representing three hypotheses: (1) a prior classification formulated using morphological and geographical data, (2) hierarchical groupings derived from Euclidean geographical distance, and (3) one based solely on morphological data. Euclidean geographical distance was not found to be a better predictor of evolutionary relationship than the prior classification, the latter of which was the most similar to the molecular topology. However, all three of the alternative topologies were highly divergent (Bayes factor >10) from the molecular topology, with the tree inferred exclusively from morphology being the most divergent. The results of this analysis show that a high degree of morphological convergence from substantial gonopod shape divergence generated spurious phylogenetic relationships. These results indicate the impact that a high degree of morphological homoplasy may have had on prior treatments of the family. Using the results of our phylogenetic analysis, we make several changes to the classification of the family, including transferring the rare state-threatened speciesSigmoria whiteheadiShelley, 1986 to the genusApheloriaChamberlin, 1921—a relationship not readily apparent based on morphology alone. We show that while gonopod differences are a premier source of taxonomic characters to diagnose species pairwise, the traits should be viewed critically as taxonomic features uniting higher levels.
Mouse spermatozoa with higher fertilization rates have thinner nuclei
Authors: Mashiko Daisuke , Ikawa Masahito , Fujimoto Koichi
Published: October 2017

Background

Although spermatozoa with normal morphology are assumed to have uniform fertilization ability, recent data show that even normal spermatozoa have considerable variation in their head shape which is associated with differences in fertilization ability. Appropriate quantitative indicators for good sperm morphology, however, remain unidentified.

Methods

Therefore, in an effort to identify such an indicator, we compared the nuclear contour of normal mouse spermatozoa by quantitative multivariate analysis using elliptic Fourier descriptors combined with principal component analysis. The spermatozoa were obtained from different strains and collection sites which have been shown to be associated with different fertilization abilities.

Results

We found that the head was 5.7% thinner in spermatozoa from the B6D2F1 (BDF1) strain, known to have a higher fertilization rate, than in those from the C57BL/6N (B6N) strain, which has a lower fertilization rate. Moreover, zona-penetrated spermatozoa in the perivitelline space consistently had 5.4% thinner heads than those isolated from the epididymis before ejaculation. The aspect ratio, which represents the sperm head thinness, uniquely distinguished these sperm populations, confirming its validity as a morphological indicator.

Discussion

Because aspect ratio has also been shown to characterize human spermatozoa, this unique morphometric indicator might be applicable to compare normal spermatozoa among multiple patients, which will greatly facilitate and enhance current reproductive technologies.
Permeability Evolution in Variably Glassy Basaltic Andesites Measured Under Magmatic Conditions
Authors: Kushnir A. R. L. , Martel C. , Champallier R. , Wadsworth F. B.
Published: October 2017

Heat from inflowing magma may act to seal permeable networks that assist passive outgassing at volcanic conduit margins and in overlying domes, reducing the efficiency of overpressure dissipation. Here we present a study of the evolution of permeability—measured under magmatic conditions—with increasing temperature in glassy and glass‐poor basaltic andesites from Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Whereas the permeability of glass‐poor rocks decreases little up to a temperature of 1,010°C, glassy specimens experience a pronounced decrease in permeability above the glass transition once the viscosity of the crystal suspension is low enough to relax under external stresses. Changes in temperature alone are thus not enough to significantly modify the permeability of the glass‐poor rocks that commonly form Merapi's dome. However, the presence of glass‐rich domains in a dome may lead to local sealing of the volcanic plumbing between eruptions, exacerbating localized overpressure development that could contribute to explosivity.
First Application of the Zeeman Technique to Remotely Measure Auroral Electrojet Intensity From Space
Authors: Yee J. H. , Gjerloev J. , Wu D. , Schwartz M. J.
Published: October 2017

Using the O2 118 GHz spectral radiance measurements obtained by the Microwave Limb Sounder instrument on board the Aura spacecraft, we demonstrate that the Zeeman effect can be used to remotely measure the magnetic field perturbations produced by the auroral electrojet near the Hall current closure altitudes. Our derived current‐induced magnetic field perturbations are found to be highly correlated with those coincidently obtained by ground magnetometers. These perturbations are also found to be linearly correlated with auroral electrojet strength. The statistically derived polar maps of our measured magnetic field perturbation reveal a spatial‐temporal morphology consistent with that produced by the Hall current during substorms and storms. With today's technology, a constellation of compact, low‐power, high‐spectral‐resolution cubesats would have the capability to provide high precision and spatiotemporal magnetic field samplings needed for auroral electrojet measurements to gain insights into the spatiotemporal behavior of the auroral electrojet system.
Critical Role of Snow on Sea Ice Growth in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Merkouriadi Ioanna , Cheng Bin , Graham Robert M. , Rösel Anja , Granskog Mats A.
Published: October 2017

During the Norwegian young sea ICE (N‐ICE2015) campaign in early 2015, a deep snowpack was observed, almost double the climatology for the region north of Svalbard. There were significant amounts of snow‐ice in second‐year ice (SYI), while much less in first‐year ice (FYI). Here we use a 1‐D snow/ice thermodynamic model, forced with reanalyses, to show that snow‐ice contributes to thickness growth of SYI in absence of any bottom growth, due to the thick snow. Growth of FYI is tightly controlled by the timing of growth onset relative to precipitation events. A later growth onset can be favorable for FYI growth due to less snow accumulation, which limits snow‐ice formation. We surmise these findings are related to a phenomenon in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic, where frequent storm events bring heavy precipitation during autumn and winter, in a region with a thinning ice cover.
Understanding the Origin of Jupiter's Diffuse Aurora Using Juno's First Perijove Observations
Authors: Li W. , Thorne R. M. , Ma Q. , Zhang X.‐J. , Gladstone G. R. , Hue V. , Valek P. W. , Allegrini F. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. J.
Published: October 2017

Juno observed the low‐altitude polar region during perijove 1 on 27 August 2016 for the first time. Auroral intensity and false‐color maps from the Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS) instrument show extensive diffuse aurora observed equatorward of the main auroral oval. Juno passed over the diffuse auroral region near the System III longitude of 120°–150° (90°–120°) in the northern (southern) hemisphere. In the region where these diffuse auroral emissions were observed, the Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) and Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) instruments measured nearly full loss cone distributions for the downward going electrons over energies of 0.1–700 keV but very few upward going electrons. The false‐color maps from UVS indicate more energetic electron precipitation at lower latitudes than less energetic electron precipitation, consistent with observations of precipitating electrons measured by JEDI and JADE. The comparison between particle and aurora measurements provides first direct evidence that these precipitating energetic electrons are mainly responsible for the diffuse auroral emissions at Jupiter.
Variabilities of Low‐Latitude Migrating and Nonmigrating Tides in GPS‐TEC and TIMED‐SABER Temperature During the Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event of 2013
Authors: Sridharan S.
Published: October 2017

The Global Positioning System deduced total electron content (TEC) data at 15°N (geomagnetic), which is the crest region of equatorial ionization anomaly, are used to study tidal variabilities during the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. The results from space‐time spectral analysis reveal that the amplitudes of migrating diurnal (DW1) and semidiurnal (SW2) tides are larger than those of nonmigrating tides. After the SSW onset, the amplitudes of DW1, SW2, SW1, and DS0 increase. Moreover, they show 16 day variations similar to the periodicity of the high‐latitude stratospheric planetary wave (PW), suggesting that the nonmigrating tides (SW1 and DS0) are possibly generated due to nonlinear interaction of migrating tides with PW. Similar spectral analysis on temperature at 10°N obtained from the Sounding of Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) shows that the SW2 enhances at stratospheric heights and the SW2 is more dominant at 80–90 km, but its amplitude decreases around 100 km. The amplitudes of nonmigrating tides become comparable to those of SW2 around 100 km, and their contribution becomes increasingly important at higher heights. This suggests that the nonlinear interaction between migrating tides and PW occurs at low‐latitude upper mesospheric heights, as SW2 exhibits 16 day periodicity in SABER temperature at 100 km as observed in TEC. Besides, it is observed that the eastward propagating tides are less dominant than westward propagating tides in both TEC and SABER temperatures.
Reducing dose to the lungs through loosing target dose homogeneity requirement for radiotherapy of non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Miao Junjie , Yan Hui , Tian Yuan , Ma Pan , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Minghui , Ren Wenting , Chen Jiayun , Zhang Ye , Dai Jianrong
Published: October 2017

It is important to minimize lung dose during intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, an approach was proposed to reduce lung dose by relaxing the constraint of target dose homogeneity during treatment planning of IMRT. Ten NSCLC patients with lung tumor on the right side were selected. The total dose for planning target volume (PTV) was 60 Gy (2 Gy/fraction). For each patient, two IMRT plans with six beams were created in Pinnacle treatment planning system. The dose homogeneity of target was controlled by constraints on the maximum and uniform doses of target volume. One IMRT plan was made with homogeneous target dose (the resulting target dose was within 95%–107% of the prescribed dose), while another IMRT plan was made with inhomogeneous target dose (the resulting target dose was more than 95% of the prescribed dose). During plan optimization, the dose of cord and heart in two types of IMRT plans were kept nearly the same. The doses of lungs, PTV and organs at risk (OARs) between two types of IMRT plans were compared and analyzed quantitatively. For all patients, the lung dose was decreased in the IMRT plans with inhomogeneous target dose. On average, the mean dose, V5, V20, and V30 of lung were reduced by 1.4 Gy, 4.8%, 3.7%, and 1.7%, respectively, and the dose to normal tissue was also reduced. These reductions in DVH values were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two IMRT plans on V25, V30, V40, V50 and mean dose for heart. The maximum doses of cords in two type IMRT plans were nearly the same. IMRT plans with inhomogeneous target dose could protect lungs better and may be considered as a choice for treating NSCLC.
Ordered Superparticles with an Enhanced Photoelectric Effect by Sub‐Nanometer Interparticle Distance
Authors: Luo Dan , Qin Xiaoyun , Song Qian , Qiao Xuezhi , Zhang Zhen , Xue Zhenjie , Liu Cong , Mo Guang , Wang Tie
Published: October 2017

As the development in self‐assembly of nanoparticles, a main question is directed to whether the supercrystalline structure can facilitate generation of collective properties, such as coupling between adjacent nanocrystals or delocalization of exciton to achieve band‐like electronic transport in a 3D assembly. The nanocrystal surfaces are generally passivated by insulating organic ligands, which block electronic communication of neighboring building blocks in nanoparticle assemblies. Ligand removal or exchange is an operable strategy for promoting electron transfer, but usually changes the surface states, resulting in performance alteration or uncontrollable aggregation. Here, 3D, supercompact superparticles with well‐defined superlattice domains through a thermally controlled emulsion‐based self‐assembly method is fabricated. The interparticle spacing in the superparticles shrinks to ≈0.3 nm because organic ligands lie prone on the nanoparticle surface, which are sufficient to overcome the electron transfer barrier. The ordered and compressed superstructures promote coupling and electronic energy transfer between CdSSe quantum dots (QDs). Therefore, the acquired QD superparticles exhibit different optical properties and enhanced photoelectric activity compared to individual QDs.
Ferroelectric‐Like Charge Trapping Thin‐Film Transistors and Their Evaluation as Memories and Synaptic Devices
Authors: Daus Alwin , Lenarczyk Pawel , Petti Luisa , Münzenrieder Niko , Knobelspies Stefan , Cantarella Giuseppe , Vogt Christian , Salvatore Giovanni A. , Luisier Mathieu , Tröster Gerhard
Published: October 2017

This work presents a defect charging mechanism in 5‐nm‐thick amorphous Al2O3 thin‐films fabricated on plastic, which leads to multistate memory effects, and thus the realization of synaptic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) for neuromorphic applications. First, the Al2O3 thin‐films are characterized in metal–insulator–metal stacks. These devices exhibit ferroelectric‐like behavior, which is visible in the small‐signal capacitance and the surface charge density. Furthermore, the quantum‐mechanical simulation of the current–voltage characteristic leads to a physical model with trap charges close to the anode interface where deep‐level traps are identified by fitting the experimentally obtained resonant tunneling peaks. The trap charge lifetime and frequency behavior is evaluated in InGaZnO4 TFTs, where the 5‐nm‐thick Al2O3 layer is employed as gate dielectric. At an operating voltage as low as ±2 V, a charge trapping retention up to ≈3 h and a discernable ON/OFF read‐out with a factor >3 at 2 kHz are achieved. When subjected to a train of gate–source voltage pulses, the TFTs show charge integration properties which emulate facilitating and depressing behaviors of biological synapses. These results indicate that thin low‐temperature defect‐rich metal‐oxide dielectrics may be candidates for low‐voltage memory applications and neuromorphic circuits on unconventional substrates.
N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Redox Lactonization of o‐Hydroxycinnamaldehydes and o‐Hydroxycinnamyl Alcohols to Coumarins
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Jiang Qiang , Li Xinyang , Wan Li , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: October 2017

An N‐heterocyclic carbene derived from 1,3‐dibenzylbenzimidazolium bromide (NHC‐G) not only allowed the intramolecular esterification of o‐hydroxycinnamaldehydes, but also favored the one‐pot domino allylic oxidation/redox lactonization of both (E) and (Z)‐o‐hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, thus these two protocols can provide coumarins in 30–98 % yields in 0.5 h under air. Moreover, the mechanism was also speculated, and it was shown that the presence of oxidants accounted for the formation of coumarins over dihydrocoumarins. This strategy provides a simple, efficient and sustainable route for coumarin synthesis.
Review: Genetics and the Classification of Arthritis in Adults and Children
Authors: Nigrovic Peter A. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Thompson Susan D.
Published: October 2017

Current classification of primary inflammatory arthritis begins from the assumption that adults and children are different. No form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis bears the same name as an adult arthritis, a nomenclature gap with implications for both clinical care and research. Recent genetic data have raised questions regarding this adult/pediatric divide, revealing instead broad patterns that span the age spectrum. Combining these genetic patterns with demographic and clinical data, we propose that inflammatory arthritis can be segregated into 4 main clusters, largely irrespective of pediatric or adult onset: seropositive, seronegative (likely including a distinct group that usually begins in early childhood), spondyloarthritis, and systemic. Each of these broad clusters is internally heterogeneous, highlighting the need for further study to resolve etiologically discrete entities. Eliminating divisions based on arbitrary age cutoffs will enhance opportunities for collaboration between adult and pediatric rheumatologists, thereby helping to promote the understanding and treatment of arthritis.
Loading‐Induced Reduction in Sclerostin as a Mechanism of Subchondral Bone Plate Sclerosis in Mouse Knee Joints During Late‐Stage Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jia Haoruo , Ma Xiaoyuan , Wei Yulong , Tong Wei , Tower Robert J. , Chandra Abhishek , Wang Luqiang , Sun Zeyang , Yang Zhaochun , Badar Farid , Zhang Kairui , Tseng Wei‐Ju , Kramer Ina , Kneissel Michaela , Xia Yang , Liu X. Sherry , Wang James H. C. , Han Lin , Enomoto‐Iwamoto Motomi , Qin Ling
Published: October 2017

Objective

To establish an unbiased, 3‐dimensional (3‐D) approach that quantifies subchondral bone plate (SBP) changes in mouse joints, and to investigate the mechanism that mediates SBP sclerosis at a late stage of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A new micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) protocol was developed to characterize the entire thickness of the SBP in the distal femur of a normal mouse knee. Four mouse models of severe joint OA were generated: cartilage‐specific Egfr–knockout (Egfr‐CKO) mice at 2 months after surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), Egfr‐CKO mice with aging‐related spontaneous OA, wild‐type (WT) mice at 10 months after DMM, and WT mice at 14 weeks after DMM plus hemisectomy of the meniscus (DMMH) surgery. As an additional model, mice with knockout of the sclerostin gene (Sost‐KO) were subjected to DMMH surgery. Knee joints were examined by micro‐CT, histology, and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results

Examination of the mouse distal femur by 3‐D micro‐CT revealed a positive correlation between SBP thickness and the loading status in normal knees. In all 4 mouse models of late‐stage OA, SBP sclerosis was restricted to the areas under severely eroded articular cartilage. This was accompanied by elevated bone formation at the bone marrow side of the SBP and a drastic reduction in the levels of sclerostin in osteocytes within the SBP. Unlike in WT mice, no further increase in the thickness of the SBP was observed in response to DMMH in Sost‐KO mice.

Conclusion

Since focal stress on the SBP underlying sites of cartilage damage increases during late stages of OA, these findings establish mechanical loading–induced attenuation of sclerostin expression and elevation of bone formation along the SBP surface as the major mechanisms characterizing subchondral bone phenotypes associated with severe late‐stage OA in mice.
Risk factors of carotid plaque and carotid common artery intima‐media thickening in a high‐stroke‐risk population
Authors: Wang ChunFang , Lv GaoPeng , Zang DaWei
Published: October 2017

Introduction

To analyze the risk factors of carotid plaque (CP) and carotid common artery intima‐media thickening (CCAIMT) and the association between the risk factors and CP numbers and the side of the CCAIMT in a high‐stroke‐risk population.

Methods

Carotid ultrasonography was conducted in 2025 participants with high stroke risk. Participants were divided into different groups according to the results of the ultrasound. The risk factors and blood biochemical indices were recorded.

Results

The presence of CP and CCAIMT were 38.9% and 24.8% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the risk factors of CP were age, high LDL‐C and FBG levels, male gender, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and tobacco use. Compared with participants without CPs, the participants who were male, and older in age, with risk factors of tobacco use, diabetes, high LDL‐C levels, and a family history of hypertension were likely to have a single CP, whereas the participants with risk factors of tobacco use, diabetes, hypertension, male gender, older age, high LDL‐C levels, stroke and AF or valvulopathy were prone to have multiple CPs. The risk factors of CCAIMT were male gender, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, AF or valvulopathy, tobacco use and age. Compared with the N‐CCAIMT subgroup, the risk factors of left CCAIMT were tobacco use, diabetes, male gender, and age. The risk factors of right CCAIMT were male gender, high FBG levels, age, AF or valvulopathy. The risk factors of dual CCAIMT were high frequency of drinking milk, tobacco use, male gender, age, stroke, and hypertension.

Conclusion

These findings revealed the risk factors of CP and CCAIMT, and an association between the risk factors and the CP numbers and the side of the CCAIMT.
Surgical resection of adrenocortical carcinoma with invasion into the inferior vena cava: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jiang Minchun , Ding Huanyu , Li Cheng , Xiang Kexu , Tang Juying , Guo Ying , Zhang Shaoling
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical Message

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant endocrine tumor. Moreover, ACC with invasion into the inferior vena cava is rare. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for such cases. Radical surgical resection is the key therapeutic option in ACC.
Concentration‐Dependent Diffusion Coefficients for Fructose in Highly Permeable Chitosan Polymers
Authors: Hartig Dave , Hacke Sandra , Scholl Stephan
Published: October 2017

The concentration‐dependent diffusion coefficient of fructose in precipitated chitosan membranes was determined using diffusion cells. Experiments showed that boundary layers on both sides of the membrane could not be neglected when the diffusion coefficient in chitosan is close to the free diffusion coefficient. Hence, the influence of the boundary layers was covered by measuring membranes with different thickness. The diffusion coefficient in chitosan at infinite dilution was found to be around the free diffusion coefficient. With increasing concentration, the diffusion coefficient in chitosan decreases faster than the free diffusion coefficient. Thus, the product of diffusion coefficient and concentration difference shows a maximum implying an optimum concentration for mass transfer.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Lithium, Sodium and Potassium Ion Electrolytes in a Na0.33V2O5 Symmetric Pseudocapacitor with High Performance and High Cyclic Stability
Authors: Manikandan Ramu , Raj C. Justin , Rajesh Murugesan , Kim Byung Chul , Sim Ju Yong , Yu Kook Hyun
Published: October 2017

A high‐performance symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using a Na0.33V2O5 nanocomposite synthesized by means of a simple co‐precipitation technique. The structural and morphological investigation showed that the synthesized Na0.33V2O5 nanocomposite exhibited a monoclinic structure with a nanorod‐like morphology. The electrochemical properties of the Na0.33V2O5 symmetric supercapacitor were studied utilizing three different aqueous electrolytes, such as 1 M of LiCl, NaCl and KCl, respectively. Interestingly, the fabricated Na0.33V2O5 symmetric supercapacitors exhibited excellent electrochemical capacitance behaviour in all the electrolytes with a maximum specific capacitance value of 168 F g−1 in 1 M LiCl, 146 F g−1 in 1 M NaCl and 132 F g−1 in 1 M KCl electrolytes at 0.5 A g−1 discharge current density. In addition, Na0.33V2O5 symmetric supercapacitors demonstrated an excellent cyclic stability in 1 M NaCl electrolyte with high capacitance retention of approximately 81 % after 50 000 charge/discharge cycles.