bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A synergistic, global approach to revising the trypanorhynch tapeworm family Rhinoptericolidae (Trypanobatoida)
Authors: Herzog Kaylee S. , Jensen Kirsten
Published: February 2022

Since 2010, the trypanorhynch tapeworm family Rhinoptericolidae Carvajal & Campbell, 1975 has housed just two distinctive, monotypic genera (Rhinoptericola Carvajal & Campbell, 1975 and Nataliella Palm, 2010). However, global collections of tapeworms from sharks and rays over the last more than three decades brought to light the need for major revision of the family by suggesting a much greater species-level diversity for the nominal genus Rhinoptericola. Through synonymy and the description of new species, the number of species in the genus is increased from one to eight. A phylogenetic analysis of the D1–D3 gene region of 28S rRNA (28S), including seven of the now nine species of rhinoptericolids, and a broad sampling of the other Trypanobatoida is the first to recover a monophyletic Rhinoptericolidae. In addition to systematic revision, this study allowed for the first evaluation of the degree of intraspecific vs interspecific variation in 28S for adult trypanorhynchs across the various hosts and geographic localities from which they have been reported, suggesting a relatively consistent boundary for Rhinoptericola. It is further suggested that detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of both the basal and metabasal armatures greatly aid in the interpretation of hook arrangement and shape. A schematic to streamline determination of the tentacular surface presented in scanning electron micrographs and line drawings of trypanorhynchs is presented for species with both two and four bothria. In combination, these methodological refinements can now be used as a model to resolve issues of classification and non-monophyly within both major lineages of the Trypanorhyncha. As a result of the taxonomic work, Rhinoptericola megacantha Carvajal & Campbell, 1975 (previously only known from the American cownose ray from the Chesapeake Bay and the Ticon cownose ray from the Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela, and Brazil) is now known from an additional species of cownose ray and a species of stingray, and is revealed to have a transatlantic distribution. Data from SEM suggest a simpler interpretation of hook arrangement in the metabasal armature for Rhinoptercola and—in combination with 28S sequence data—support Shirleyrhynchus Beveridge & Campbell, 1988 (a former rhinoptericolid) as its junior synonym. The three species formerly assigned to Shirleyrhynchus are thus transferred to Rhinoptericola. Data from light microscopy on whole-mounted specimens and histological sections, SEM, and 28S showed the eutetrarhynchid Prochristianella jensenae Schaeffner & Beveridge, 2012b to be morphologically consistent with species of Rhinoptericola and it is thus transferred to the genus. The type series of P. jensenae was determined to be mixed, representing two distinct species which are here redescribed and described as new, respectively. Two additional novel species of Rhinoptericola are described from cownose rays from off Mozambique and the Gulf of California.
Assessing the Validity of Nine Different Formulae for LDL-C Estimation in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Sirivelu Bhavya , Namilakonda Manaswini , Soma Krishnaveni , Thallapaneni Sasikala , Annavarapu Dhana Lakshmi , Kumar V Sampath , Phaneendra DS Jagannadha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Conventionally, Friedewald’s formula has been used to calculate Low Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (LDL-C) due to its simplicity and convenience although it has limitations. Many researchers have proposed different formulae to increase the accuracy of calculated LDL-C, but none of those have concluded about a single best formula owing to differences in selected study populations. As LDL-C measurement is of utmost importance for assessing the cardiovascular risk according to National Cholesterol Education Programme’s (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), a search for a better formula to improve accuracy of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction is essential. Aim: To assess the validity of calculated LDL-C by nine formulae and compare them to values obtained by the direct method. Materials and Methods: A total of 324 participants were assessed retrospectively for serum lipid profile by standard methods from December 2020 to February 2021 at Employee State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. LDL-C was calculated using nine different formulae (Ahmadi, Anand, Chen, de Cordova, Friedewald, Hattori, Martin-Hopkins, Puavillai and Vujovic) and correlated with direct LDL-C. For further analysis, subjects were divided into five groups based on the triglyceride levels (TG) viz; group 1 (TG < 100 mg/dL), group 2 (TG:101-150 mg/dL), group 3 (TG:151-200 mg/dL), group 4 (TG: 201-400), group 5 (TG > 400 mg/dL). Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Total of 324 lipid profile reports were analysed and the calculated LDL-C by nine formulas were compared . At TG levels <100 mg/dL, Puavillai was the most accurate. Between TG levels 100-200 mg/dL, Martin-Hopkins showed better accuracy and correlation with direct LDL-C. At TG levels 200-400 and >400 mg/dL, Puavillai had better accuracy. But, none of the formulae showed strong correlation with Direct LDL-C at TG >400 mg/dL. ROC curves also showed that Puavillai performed better among all formulae, at all TG levels. conclusion: Among the nine equations, Puavillai and Martin- Hopkins showed highest accuracy and better performance than others in the present study population. Martin-Hopkins can be used at TG levels of 100-200 mg/dl while Puavillai can be used at lower and higher TG levels in this demographic population for estimating LDL-C.
Relationship between Stature and Hand Parameters in Adults- An Autopsy Study
Authors: Babu Bincy , Balendran Krishnan , Sreedevi CS
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Estimation of stature is important in the process of identifying unknown and co-mingled human remains in mass casualties and natural disasters. Forensic experts are asked by the investigating officer to help to identify the person from dismembered parts of the body and skeletal remains. Estimation of stature is based on a principle that every body part bears more or less a constant relationship with height of an individual. Literature have documented that the hand parameters can be successfully used for stature estimation. Aim: To determine the relevance of hand parameters in the estimation of stature and also to derive a regression formula for stature from the hand parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Government TD Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India, from June 2017 to June 2018. A total of 210 postmortem cases aged above 20 years were included in present study for the comparison of stature, hand length and hand breadth based on age were measured using standard methodology. Average of measurements of right and left hands were taken. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise height, hand breadth and hand length. Categorical and continuous variables were expressed as mean±SD. Correlation was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test and predictive equations obtained using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 210 included 157 males and 53 females, and maximum subjects (78,37.1%) belonged to the age group 41-60 years. Hand length and hand breadth showed significant correlation with stature in both males and females with a significant p-value <0.01. Statistically significant age-related difference between the age groups 21-40 years, age 41-60 years was noted in stature, average hand length and hand breadth. The study variables like stature, hand length and hand breadth showed statistically significant higher values for males than females. It was observed that though both hand parameters showed positive correlation with stature, hand length was more predictive in both sexes. Regression equations for estimation of stature from hand length and breadth were derived for males, females and also for the total population irrespective of the gender in cases when only hand length or hand breadth is available and also when both hand length and breadth are available. Conclusion: From the data obtained it can be concluded that estimation of stature can be done with reasonable accuracy using hand parameters with hand length showing greater correlation with stature than hand breadth in both sexes. Though statistically significant, the correlation coefficient for females was considerably less using both hand parameters.
Antifungal Activity of Calliandra Haematocephala against Selected Pathogenic Fungi: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Josephine I Glory , Punnagai K
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Pathogenic fungi cause a wide range of infections which include life-threatening diseases particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Plant derived secondary metabolites have significant therapeutic role in pathogenic fungal infection because of their fungicidal, immunity enhancing and least toxic properties. Calliandra haematocephala also called ‘Red Powder puff' possess greater antimicrobial and immunoadjuvant activities. Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of Calliandra haemato- cephala against selective pathogenic fungal species. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in central laboratory in association with Department of Pharmacology at Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, during six months from June 2018 to December 2018. Antifungal activity of the Calliandra haematocephala (leaves extract) were examined against six pathogenic fungal species Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Rhizopus microsporus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Trichophyton rubrum using agar disc diffusion method by measuring the zone of inhibition. Results: The ethanolic leaf extract of Calliandra haematocephala showed strong inhibitory activity against all six fungal species. However, it showed significant inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger (12 mm) and Penicillium chrysogenum (11 mm) when compared with standard drug Amphotericin B. Conclusion: The antifungal activity of Calliandra haematocephala suggested its potential role in opportunistic fungal infections with immunocompromised conditions.
Carcinocythemia-associated Microangiopathic Haemolysis
Authors: Tariq Hamza
Published: February 2022

Carcinocythemia defined as the presence of circulating carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood identifiable on routine light microscopy is an extremely rare complication of widely disseminated and usually end-stage solid organ malignancies. Given the rarity of this entity, it can cause diagnostic challenges for pathologists interpreting the peripheral blood smear. Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia (MAHA) has been reported in the literature in patients with carcinocythemia. The author reports a case of 57-year-old female with widely metastatic lobular breast carcinoma who presented with bleeding gums and worsening fatigue. Peripheral blood smear showed findings consistent with MAHA as well as numerous circulating adenocarcinoma cells. A bone marrow biopsy showed near-complete replacement of the marrow by metastatic carcinoma. This case brings to light the association of carcinocythemia with haemolysis. Given the high incidence of MAHA in carcinocythemia and the differential treatment, a careful screening of peripheral smears maybe warranted in patients with a known history of metastatic carcinoma and laboratory suspicion of haemolysis.
Perspectives on Service Quality Dimensions and Customer Satisfaction in the Nigerian Banking Industry
Authors: Modupe Abodunde
Published: February 2022

Customer satisfaction is a critical success factor in the service industry. It is an essential marketing concept that is critical in different sectors in the manufacturing and service industries. Customer satisfaction is a measure of how products offered by a company meet or exceed customer expectations. Focusing on and satisfying the needs of customers are very important for the survival and continued existence of service firms especially banking services. The purpose of this study is to examine the extant literature on the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction as it applies to the Nigerian banking industry. In order to provide a theoretical footing, this study adopted the Expectation-confirmation theory (ECT). The basis for this adoption is that the Expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) explains post-purchase or post-adoption satisfaction as a function of expectations, perceived performance, and disconfirmation of beliefs. The study clearly shows that service quality dimensions play an important role as a driver for higher customer satisfaction level. Therefore, managers in the banking industry are advised to give more attention to the five (5) service quality dimensions namely: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. These five service quality dimensions can be major influencers of customer satisfaction in the banking industry.
A Review on Solubility Enhancement by Solid Dispersion Technique
Authors: Sharma Anchal , Chaudhary Amit , Singh Bhupendra
Published: February 2022

Approximately 30% of drug are lipophilic from all the newly discovered drug molecules and thus because of poor aqueous solubility fails to reach the market. In systemic circulation for achieving the desired therapeutic response solubility is one of the rate-limiting factors for orally administered drugs. The major challenge for the formulation scientist is to overcome the problem of solubility which can be achieved by using various technical approaches for the formulation product development. For enhancing the solubility of drugs Solid dispersion, micronization, and salt formation are some of the necessary approaches employed for enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and each approach has its merits and limitations. To deliver poorly soluble drugs novel technologies like Nanosuspension, Supercritical processing, and Cryogenic technologies may have various major opportunities. For the formulation development of new drug solubility behavior of any drug can be the most challenging aspect. The current review is focused on the solid dispersion technique for enhancement of solubility of drug which will be a novel technique for enhancing the solubility to diminish the amount of poorly soluble drug candidates eliminated from development and its characterization.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Premolars after Placement of Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Composite Using Snow Plow Technique
Authors: Dugar Meghna , Ikhar Anuja
Published: February 2022

Background: Microleakage is the significant reason for composite restoration failure. The type of composite material utilized should reduce polymerization shrinkage and hence avoid micro-leakage.

Objectives:

To evaluate microleakage in Class I cavity using microhybrid composite in snow plow placement technique.

To evaluate microleakage in Class I cavity using nanohybrid composite in snow plow placement technique

To compare microleakage in Class I cavity with microhybrid composite and nanohybrid composite using snow plow placement technique.

Methodology: Prepared Class I cavities in 22 human premolars will be divided randomly into 2 groups based on the restorative material used. These cavity preparations will be restored using the snow plow technique. All the specimens will be thermocycled and stained with 50% silver nitrate solution. We will wash the specimens in the distilled water, store them in the developing solution and for 24 hours exposed to sunlight. The samples will be sectioned longitudinally from the middle of cavity into two parts and will be then evaluated for microleakage on the basis of silver nitrate penetration under stereomicroscope (20X). To compare the microleakage, data will be subjected to statistical analysis.

Expected Results: Nanohybrid composite placement using snow plow technique is expected to have less micro-leakage than microhybrid composite placement using the same technique.

Conclusion: If this study proves correct, this would be helpful for the clinicians to choose the most efficient restorative material with the best technique and minimal microleakage which will aid in the success of the root canal treatment.
Role of Herbals as Immunity Boosters in the Management of COVID-19
Authors: Shivani . , Puri Ritika
Published: February 2022

The review mainly focuses on various herbs that can be used for the enhancement of immunity amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus comes under the viruses that are capable of causing common cold, raising the temperatures and also can result in severe acute respiratory syndrome. The major threat to public health is caused due to the emerging infections such as SARS.

Novel Coronavirus or COVID-19 has spread across various countries and been declared as a ‘pandemic’ by the World Health Organization. Basically, coronavirus affects the individuals which have low immunity. However, one can adopt various herbs that can increase the amount of intestinal beneficial bacteria and can make up 85% of the immune system of the body. So, making use of such herbs one can very effectively promote health and boost immunity to fight against the virus attack. Also, the plants based play a major role in boosting the immunity and preventing the individuals from catching COVID-19 infections.
Orchids of Shimla Hills: A Mini Review
Authors: Yamini . , Kaur Saranjeet
Published: February 2022

The objective of writing this review is to explore medicinal orchids species growing in Shimla hills. Family orchidaceae is one of the vast groups among angiosperms which incorporate numerous types of Orchids species. The family is known for cheered ornamental hybrids. Orchids are having varied colourful and designed flowers. This paper is written to review the medicinal importance and use of different species of orchids for the treatment of various diseases.Since ancient times, orchids are used in traditional medicinal system such as Yunani, Homeopathy, Ayurveda and Siddha.
Comparative Study of Efficacy of Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC) and Imipramine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (G.A.D.): A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Sheetal Thosar , Swanand Pathak , Nilima Wadnerwar , Mohan Yende , Rajkumar Gupta
Published: February 2022

Background: Onset of G.A.D. is related with bigger excessiveness and uncontrolled worry, along with more chronic course and more severe life mutilation.Individuals suffering from G.A.D. are at high risk of bothered mental health, social functioning, and overall physical &mental well being. Limited long-term efficacy of anxiolytic drugs has shown by clinical trials but drowsiness, dependency, impaired cognition and memory and sexual dysfunction like loss of libido are common adverse side effects of these drugs. Nardostachys jatamansi is a reputed Ayurvedic herb useful for treatment of various disorders mainly central nervous disorders. Various preclinical and clinical studies had proven anxiolytic activity of Jatamansi. Hence present study is planned to assess effects of Jatamansiin Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Materials and Methods: Presentdouble-blind randomized control clinical study involves two groups with 38 subjects each. Group A (Study Group) will be treated with administration of Tab. Jatamansi in the dose of 1000 mg B.D. orally with water. Group B (Control Group)will betreated with administration of Tab. Imipramine 75 mg H.S. orallyfor 60 days. Assessment parameter will be anxiety score based on symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.   H.A.M.-A. Scale, G.A.D. – 7 Scale, Manas Bhava and Oxidative Stress. Primary outcome of study is improvement in the sign and symptoms of anxiety with reduction in anxiety scale score.
Evaluation of Vamana and Virechana Karma in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism – A Study Protocol
Authors: Mehta Ashish , Parwe Shweta
Published: February 2022

Background: Hypothyroidism can be understood and assessed on the basis of Agni, Doshas, Dushyas, Sthanas and Srotasas. In Ayurveda Vamana and Virechana Karma is considering as best line of Shodana procedures for the removal of toxin materials from the human body. Hypothyroidism occurs because of hypo functioning of thyroid gland which is located in neck region and even most of the signs and symptoms prove the involvement of Kapha Sthana and Kapha Dosha. So, in the present clinical research, Vamana and Virechana karma of Panchkarama will be selected as clinical tool to check its impact on Hypothyroidism (Galaganda).

Aim and Objectives: To explore Vamana & Virechana Karma regarding their Clinical Importance. To validate Vamana & Virechana Karma as an effective mode of treatment in the management of Hypothyroidism.

Methodology: 90 (45 in each group) patients will be selected by randomized reference standard controlled single blind double arm clinical trial, and third party will assign and enlist the patient. In Group A (Control) – Standard/ Control Group treated with Thyroxin and Group B (Experimental) – Intervention Group treated with Vamana and Virechana Karma. The evaluation will be recorded on 0 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days.

Results: Changes will be observed in objective outcomes. 

Conclusion: Vamana and Virechana will be effective in Hypothyroidism.
Comparative Efficacy of Osteotome vs CAS Kit Assisted Indirect Maxillary Sinus Lift and Immediate Implant Placement in Posterior Atrophic Maxilla – A Study Protocol
Authors: Shende Himanshu , Mundada Bhushan , Bhola Nitin
Published: February 2022

Background: In today’s era implants are mostly used for replacing missing teeth. The greatest challenge for placing an implant is posterior maxillary teeth where the problems arise due to presence of maxillary sinus due which increases the risk of perforating the sinus membrane while implanting. In literature there are many techniques to overcome these problems and place the implant without perforating the sinus membrane. The current study is conducted to check either the traditional technique osteotome or modern technique CAS-Kit is better for placing an implant in posterior maxillary region.

Objectives: The aim of these study is to compare and evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of conventional osteotome technique and CAS kit use for indirect sinus lifting in atrophic posterior maxilla.

Methodology: Two groups (study & control) with 20 individuals requiring implant prosthesis in atrophic posterior maxillary region with RBH < 3mm and minimum crestal width of 6mm are considered for the study model. After completion of osteotome and sinus lift procedure, integrity of sinus membrane will be checked by Valsalva manoeuvre. At three months after implant placement a second step surgery will be performed, stability of each implant will be checked. Marginal bone loss and amount of bone generation will be checked on Cone-beam computed tomography systems (CBCT) at 3, 6 & 9 month interval.

Expected Results: CAS kit is relatively newer and advanced equipment which is safer in placing implant in posterior atrophic maxilla without perforating sinus membrane with good amount of bone generation and stability of implant. with minimal marginal bone loss.

Conclusion: Placement of an implant with CAS-Kit is better option than performing osteotome procedure which is time consumable with high chance of membrane perforation and large amount of marginal bone loss.
Adherence of Insulin Therapy in Diabetic Mellitus Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ahalya R. , Kumar Mahendra
Published: February 2022

Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence of Insulin therapy in Diabetic mellitus patients and to identify the factors leading to poor adherence of Insulin therapy among diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology: A prospective study was carried out in the department of medicine in Saveetha medical college from January to June 2021.

50 diabetic patients were included in the study and their adherence to Insulin therapy was monitored and the patients with low adherence were assessed for the cause so that appropriate interventions can be taken to improve its adherence.

Results: The study enrolled about 50 patients out of which 23 of them had low Insulin adherence. The main reasons for low adherence were expense of Insulin(40%),lack of knowledge of administration(36%), and others factors include family problems, having faith over alternative medicines and fear of side effects.

Conclusion: Given the great prevalence of primary non-adherence and the variety of reasons for it, it is evident that these treatment barriers must be removed. Dedicated diabetes instructors at each diabetes clinic, as well as the availability of low-cost insulin and blood glucose monitoring devices for the disadvantaged, are essential to achieving this goal.
Monograph on COVID-19 Vaccines: A Review
Authors: Kumar Rajaseger Nirmal , Arunkumar A. S. , Mahadevan Laya
Published: February 2022

In this monograph various types of vaccines available in the market and the future of vaccination in relation to COVID-19 will be discussed in detail. The design and production of vaccines to combat SARS-CoV-2 were mostly directed towards the surface exposed spike glycoprotein. Modena (mRNA-1273) COVID-19 vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 18 Dec 2020 under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). BNT162b2is a lipid nanoparticle encapsulated, nucleoside modified mRNA vaccine the encodes for the perfusion spike glycoprotein present in SARS-CoV-2. The act of proceeding to approve vaccines before Phase III trials, have installed doubt and vaccine hesitancy. This further impedes the process of vaccination thereby slowing the chance of the entire world getting vaccinated. The only way to protect oneself from being seriously ill and hospitalized is by following social distancing and getting vaccinated as early as possible. Despite, the lack of cold chain storage in certain regions, there are a variety of vaccines available to help negotiate this obstacle. More research and efforts will be poured into COVID-19 pandemic as we work towards a universal vaccine that will be effective against all the variants of SARS-CoV-2 and help eradicate the virus from the face of the earth.
A Clinicopathological Study of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors- At a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Edwin Danita G. S. , Akaash R. Lalith , Sekhar Ganthimathy
Published: February 2022

Aim: To study the clinicopathological profile in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST).

Study Design:  A retrospective descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Saveetha medical college and hospital, Chennai, between June 2016 and May 2021.

Methodology: A complete enumerative sampling of all the MPNSTs received at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital over a five-year period was done which included 9 cases (4 men, 5women; age range (19-66 years). The details were obtained from the records in the Department of Pathology. The demographic parameters, clinical and histomorphological data were tabulated and analysed.

Results: Nine cases of MPNSTs were received in our hospital during the study period.  In our study a female preponderance was noted, with late thirties being the median age of presentation. Extremities and trunk were the most common sites. Two rare lesions involving the pancreas and mesentery were reported. 4 cases had underlying Neurofibromatosis (NF1). The average tumour size was 8.8cm, with majority having a tumour size >5cm. Histomorphologically most cases showed hypo and hypercellular areas composed of spindle cells with wavy nuclei arranged in interlacing fascicles with increased mitotic activity and tumour necrosis. Two cases showed epithelioid differentiation and three had heterologous elements in the form of glandular differentiation or rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.

Conclusion: MPNSTs are very rare tumours accounting for 6% of soft tissue sarcomas and have a very aggressive course. Details of the clinical presentation and careful histomorphological typing of these tumours are essential for identifying and treating them.
Holistic Approach via Physiotherapeutic Intervention in a Complex Multiple Fracture Hampering a Middle-Class Man’s Life- a Case Report
Authors: Boob Manali , Lakhwani Madhu , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: February 2022

Ankle fractures contribute to almost nine percent of all fractures of the weight-bearing joints, with uni, bi, and trimalleolar fractures being the most prevalent. Weber’s and (AO/ASIF) classifications are commonly used for easy analysis. Tibial plateau fractures can range in severity from stable to severely comminuted unstable fractures with extensive tissue injury, putting the extremities' at risk, according to the Schatzker grading system. The ulna is a long bone in the forearm that extends parallel to the radius and travels medially. The severity of proximal ulna fractures ranges from basic AO/OTA Classification fractures to severe Monteggia fractures or Monteggia-like lesions. After a road accident, a 35-year-old man with compound grade 3B ankle dislocation, Schatzker type 1 fracture of tibia, and proximal 1/3 ulnar shaft fracture of the left side were diagnosed on x-ray with external application of a delta fixator over the ankle, open reduction and internal fixation on the tibial plateau with screws and the nail was impacted over the ulna fracture. After the procedure, the patient was treated with physical therapy for 12 weeks, beginning with static regimens and proceeding to dynamic exercises, electrotherapeutic modalities, strengthening exercises, and gait exercises. The purpose of this study was to explore potential favorable rehabilitation effects in the use of exercises following operatively treated unstable ankle fractures requiring partial weight-bearing in the first six postoperative weeks.

Conclusion: It could be shown that Immediate Postoperative Physical Therapy protocol in a proper scheduled manner helped the Patient to return to his daily activities with improved ranges, strength, and motivation to work again without any difficulties.
Study of Placental Chorangiosis in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Vanishree M. , Sulochana Sonti , Salin Martin M. S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Chorangiosis is a condition in which the number of vascular channels in the noninfarcted, nonischemic areas of the placenta increases dramatically. Chorangiosis rarely occurs in normal pregnancies.

Aims: To study the demography, maternal and fetal causes of chorangiosis.

Study Design: A retrospective descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Total of 73 patients with chorangiosis were studied in Department of Pathology Saveetha Medical College,during the period ofAugust 2020 and February 2021.

Methodology: Study included 73 patients of placental chorangiosis.The clinical history and demographic data was obtained from the patient’s medical records.Thematernal and fetal causes were studied, and clinico-histopathological correlation was done.

Results: This study includes 73 postnatal women,of whichthe rate of cesarean section was noted to be 69.8% and the mean value were obtained showed mean gestational age of 37.5 weeks, 70 live births and 3 neonatal deaths; mean placental weight is 480 grams and birth weight 3970grams.The mean 1 minute and 5 minutes APGAR score is reduced indicatingdisturbance in fetal vitals immediately after birth.

Conclusion: Chorangiosis is a rare illness, which is associated with an increased risk of prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.So, it should be regarded as a key prognostic indicator of poor pregnancy outcomes and should be essentially reported in the histopathological evaluation.
The importance of normal science for the consolidation of the nursing process / A importância da ciência normal para a consolidação do processo de enfermagem
Authors: Cardoso Rosane Barreto , Caldas Célia Pereira
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: propiciar uma reflexão histórica e teórica acerca das contribuições da ciência normal para o desenvolvimento do processo de enfermagem. Método: estudo reflexivo teórico utilizando os pressupostos de Thomas Kuhn acerca das contribuições da ciência normal para a consolidação do processo de enfermagem. Resultados: ao longo da evolução histórica da enfermagem a filosofia de Florence Nightingale foi a primeira revolução científica em enfermagem, na qual constituiu a enfermagem moderna. Em meados da década de 50, foi proposto o paradigma do processo de enfermagem, no qual foi incorporado nas pesquisas elementos que seriam legitimamente inerentes à prática de enfermagem (diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem). Considerações finais: na atualidade o processo de enfermagem é aceito pela comunidade da área, configurando-se como a rota da ciência normal em enfermagem.
Identification of sodium homeostasis genes in Camelus bactrianus by whole transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Zhang Dong , Pan Jing , Liu Chunxia , Meng Fanhua , Zhang Yanru , Cao Junwei , Cao Yu , Zhou Huanmin
Published: February 2022

Salt dietary intake is tightly coupled to human health, and excessive sodium can cause strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Research into the renal medulla of camels exhibiting high salt resistance may aid identification of the mechanisms governing resistance to high salinity. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) to show that in the renal medulla of camels under salt stress, 22 mRNAs, 2 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 31 microRNAs (miRNAs) exhibited differential expression compared with the free salt‐intake diet group. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and dual‐luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that the lncRNA LNC003834 can bind miRNA‐34a and thereby relieve suppression of the salt‐absorption‐inhibiting SLC14A1 mRNA from miRNA‐34a, suggesting that the above lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). We subsequently performed short hairpin RNA and small RNA interference and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays to show that SLC6A1, PCBP2, and PEX5L can improve the antioxidation capacity of renal medulla cells of camel by decreasing ROS levels. Our data suggest that camels achieve sodium homeostasis through regulating the expression of salt‐reabsorption‐related genes in the renal medulla, and this involves ceRNAs (SLC14A1 mRNA, LNC003834, and miRNA‐34a) and antioxidant genes (SLC6A1, PCBP2, and PEX5L). These data may assist in the development of treatments for diseases induced by high salt diets.
An efficient magnetic resonance image data quality screening dashboard
Authors: Gates Evan D. H. , Celaya Adrian , Suki Dima , Schellingerhout Dawid , Fuentes David
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Complex data processing and curation for artificial intelligence applications rely on high‐quality data sets for training and analysis. Manually reviewing images and their associated annotations is a very laborious task and existing quality control tools for data review are generally limited to raw images only. The purpose of this work was to develop an imaging informatics dashboard for the easy and fast review of processed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data sets; we demonstrated its ability in a large‐scale data review.

Methods

We developed a custom R Shiny dashboard that displays key static snapshots of each imaging study and its annotations. A graphical interface allows the structured entry of review data and download of tabulated review results. We evaluated the dashboard using two large data sets: 1380 processed MR imaging studies from our institution and 285 studies from the 2018 MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS).

Results

Studies were reviewed at an average rate of 100/h using the dashboard, 10 times faster than using existing data viewers. For data from our institution, 1181 of the 1380 (86%) studies were of acceptable quality. The most commonly identified failure modes were tumor segmentation (9.6% of cases) and image registration (4.6% of cases). Tumor segmentation without visible errors on the dashboard had much better agreement with reference tumor volume measurements (root‐mean‐square error 12.2 cm3) than did segmentations with minor errors (20.5 cm3) or failed segmentations (27.4 cm3). In the BraTS data, 242 of 285 (85%) studies were acceptable quality after processing. Among the 43 cases that failed review, 14 had unacceptable raw image quality.

Conclusion

Our dashboard provides a fast, effective tool for reviewing complex processed MR imaging data sets. It is freely available for download at https://github.com/EGates1/MRDQED.
Electrically Reconfigurable Organic Logic Gates: A Promising Perspective on a Dual‐Gate Antiambipolar Transistor
Authors: Hayakawa Ryoma , Honma Kosuke , Nakaharai Shu , Kanai Kaname , Wakayama Yutaka
Published: February 2022

Electrically reconfigurable organic logic circuits are promising candidates for realizing new computation architectures, such as artificial intelligence and neuromorphic devices. In this study, multiple logic gate operations are attained based on a dual‐gate organic antiambipolar transistor (DG‐OAAT). The transistor exhibits a Λ‐shaped transfer curve, namely, a negative differential transconductance at room temperature. It is important to note that the peak voltage of the drain current is precisely tuned by three input signals: bottom‐gate, top‐gate, and drain voltages. This distinctive feature enables multiple logic gate operations with “only a single DG‐OAAT,” which are not obtainable in conventional transistors. Five logic gate operations, which correspond to AND, OR, NAND, NOR, and XOR, are demonstrated by adjusting the bottom‐gate and top‐gate voltages. Moreover, varying the drain voltage makes it possible to reversibly switch two logic gates, e.g., NAND/NOR and OR/XOR. In addition, the DG‐OAATs show a high degree of stability and reliability. The logic gate operations are observed even months later. The hysteresis in the transfer curves is also negligible. Thus, the device concept is promising for realizing multifunctional logic circuits with a simple transistor configuration. Hence, these findings are expected to surpass the current limitations in complementary metal−oxide−semiconductor devices.
Interface Engineering of Co/CoMoN/NF Heterostructures for High‐Performance Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ma Haibin , Chen Zhiwen , Wang Zhili , Singh Chandra Veer , Jiang Qing
Published: February 2022

The development of low‐cost and high‐efficiency catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte is still challenging. Herein, interfacial Co/CoMoN heterostructures supported on Ni foam (Co/CoMoN/NF) are constructed by thermal ammonolysis of CoMoOx. In 1.0 m KOH solution, Co/CoMoN/NF heterostructures exhibit excellent HER activity with an overpotential of 173 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 68.9 mV dec−1. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the low valence state Co site acts as efficient water‐dissociation promoter, while CoMoN substrate has favorable hydrogen adsorption energy, leading to an enhanced HER activity. The Co/CoMoN/NF heterostructures also achieve high OER activity with an overpotential of 303 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 56 mV dec−1. Using Co/CoMoN/NF heterostructures as the cathode and anode, the alkaline electrolyzer requires a low voltage of 1.56 V to reach the current density of 100 mA cm−2 along with superior long‐term durability. This study provides a new design strategy toward low‐cost and excellent catalysts for water splitting.
Fabrication of Highly Photosensitive MoS2 Photodetector Films Using Rapid Electrohydrodynamic‐Jet Printing Process
Authors: Hong Seongin , Baek Seungho , Can Thi Thu Thuy , Choi Woon‐Seop , Kim Sunkook
Published: February 2022

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a representative transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) that has been extensively studied as a potential semiconducting material for next generation optoelectronic applications due to its exceptional optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. However, the lack of an efficient and scalable technique for MoS2 film synthesis is a major drawback. Therefore, in this study, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printed MoS2 (EJP MoS2) photodetectors are reported. The optoelectronic characteristics of the EJP MoS2 photodetector are investigated using two modes: two‐terminal and three‐terminal configuration under light illumination. For the two‐terminal mode of the EJP MoS2 photodetector, a photosensitivity of 3444% and a photoresponsivity of 1.68 A W–1 are achieved, respectively. Concurrently, the three‐terminal mode of the EJP MoS2 photodetector exhibits an improved photosensitivity (4495%) and photoresponsivity (3.78 A W–1) under gate voltage. The proposed EHD jet printing method and the EJP MoS2 based photodetector will provide a feasible solution for high performance TMDs based photonics.
Homogeneous Palladium Diselenide pn‐Junction Diodes for Reconfigurable Circuit Applications
Authors: Lee Minjong , Park Chang Yong , Sim Sangjun , Lee Kimoon , Lee Young Tack
Published: February 2022

Layered 2D materials, owing to their unique physical and electrical properties, have significant potential for use in future nanomaterial‐based electronic devices. Among these, palladium diselenide (PdSe2) has recently emerged as a distinct 2D material with air stability and strong ambipolar property. In this study, the versatility of a PdSe2‐based split‐gate field‐effect transistor (SG‐FET) using its stable ambipolar nature is demonstrated. By applying sequentially polarized SG biases, the PdSe2 SG‐FET could be operated as a homogeneous and reconfigurable pn‐junction diode. The optimized h‐BN/PdSe2/h‐BN sandwich SG‐FET exhibits almost symmetric behaviors in the n‐ and p‐channel regions, enabling a reconfigurable single‐inversion AND (SAND) logic gate function, which can be used as a phase difference‐detection circuit composed only of a single component. It is believed that this approach to the reconfigurable diode and its circuit application paves the way for future 2D material‐based electronics.
Integrating Nanoreactor with O–Nb–C Heterointerface Design and Defects Engineering Toward High‐Efficiency and Longevous Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Luo Dan , Ma Chuyin , Hou Junfeng , Zhang Zhen , Feng Renfei , Yang Leixin , Zhang Xiaowen , Lu Han , Liu Jiabing , Li Yebao , Zhang Yongguang , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: February 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted much attention for their advantages of high operating voltage, environmental friendliness and cost‐effectiveness. However, the intrinsic defects of anode materials (such as poor electrical conductivity, sluggish kinetics, and large volume changes) hinder them from meeting the requirements for practical applications. Herein, a Nb2O5@carbon nanoreactor containing both a O–Nb–C heterointerface and oxygen vacancies (Nb2O5‐x@MEC) as an anode material is designed to drive SIBs toward extraordinary capacity and ultra‐long cycle life. The heterostructured nanoreactor both effectively immobilizes defective Nb2O5 by forming O‐Nb‐C heterointerface and offers homogeneous dispersion of Nb2O5 with desirable content to prevent their agglomeration. In addition, vast active interfaces, favored electrolyte infiltration, and a well‐structured ion–electron transportation channel are enabled by the framework, improving sodium ion storage and enhancing redox reaction kinetics. The enhancement brought by spatial confinement, defect implantation and heterointerface design give the composites a highly reversible sodiation–desodiation process and remarkable structural stability. By virtue of these superiorities, Nb2O5‐x@MEC delivers excellent performance, i.e., high areal capacity over 1.1 mAh cm‐2, admirable rate capability up to 20 A g‐1, and ultra‐long cycling performance over 5000 cycles, holding great promise for utilization in practically viable SIBs.
Circularly polarized luminescence of coordination aggregates
Authors: Gong Zhong‐Liang , Li Zhong‐Qiu , Zhong Yu‐Wu
Published: February 2022

The development and applications of materials with efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have become an interdisciplinary frontier research topic. We summarize herein the recent advance in the development and applications of CPL‐active aggregates based on metal‐ligand coordination materials (termed as “coordination aggregates”). The materials surveyed are classified as aggregates of small‐molecular metal complexes, which include monocomponent assemblies of Pt(II) complexes and other complexes and binary aggregates of metal complexes, and CPL‐active metal‐ligand coordination helicates, polymers, and frameworks. The efforts in improving the dissymmetry luminescence factors and quantum yields of these materials and the use of the aggregation strategy in enhancing the performance of isolated molecules are discussed. The recent applications of chiral metal complexes in circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on solution‐ or evaporation‐processed procedures are surveyed. In addition, the uses of lanthanide complexes in CPL‐contrast imaging and as CPL probes are highlighted. The common discussion on the mechanism of aggregation‐enhanced CPLs and a perspective on future works of CPL‐active coordination aggregates are finally given.
Activities of medical centers for athletes and spectators at cycling track events in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Yanagawa Youichi , Muto Takuya , Shakagori Masami , Terakado Atsuhiko , Kumai Tsukasa
Published: February 2022

Aim

We focused on the preparation and activities of clinics for spectators and athletes in the Izu Velodrome in Shizuoka Prefecture, which was managed by the Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (TOC).

Methods

Two medical clinics were established for the track cycling competition: one for Olympians and their associates, and one for spectators, TOC‐related individuals, and volunteers. Each medical clinic had two separate buildings. One was for individuals with suspected coronavirus disease (COVID‐19); the other was for individuals who were deemed unlikely to have COVID‐19.

Results

During the Olympics, five Olympians and one umpire were transported to a designated hospital. All of them had fall‐related injuries. Nine patients visited the clinic for spectators, and six of the nine were volunteers. Two volunteers showed side‐effects in association with COVID‐19 vaccination. Five of the nine patients had outdoor‐related disease. During the Paralympics Games, no Olympians visited the clinic, and three volunteers were treated at the clinic for spectators. All had outdoor‐related diseases and returned to work after treatment. There were no confirmed cases of COVID‐19 among individuals who attended the Olympic cycling track during the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympics.

Conclusions

The present study showed the results of activities of the two clinics for the Olympics and Paralympics. Both medical clinics were necessary for the safe operation of the Olympics and Paralympics.