bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and SNPs: Risk Factors in Multiple Cancers Based on a Cross-Tumor Analysis in Chinese Population
Authors: Chen Dongbo , Yan Zeyu , Yuan Qing , Xie Fanfan , Liu Yang , Feng Zehui , Wang Zhenni , Zhou Feng , Xing Jinliang , Zhang Zhaohui , Wang Fuli , Guo Xu
Published: January 2024

Background:

Mitochondrial DNA's (mtDNA) haplogroups and SNPs were associated with the risk of different cancer. However, there is no evidence that the same haplogroup or mitochondrial SNP (mtSNP) exhibits the pleiotropic effect on multiple cancers.

Methods:

We recruited 2,489 participants, including patients with colorectal, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, bladder, breast, pancreatic, and renal cell carcinoma. In addition, 715 healthy individuals from Northern China served as controls. Next, cross-tumor analysis was performed to determine whether mtDNA variation is associated with multiple cancers.

Results:

Our results revealed a significant decrease in the occurrence risk of multiple cancers among individuals belonging to haplogroup A [OR = 0.553, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.375–0.815, P = 0.003]. Furthermore, we identified 11 mtSNPs associated with multiple cancers and divided the population into high-risk and low-risk groups. Low-risk groups showed a significantly reduced risk of occurrence compared with high-risk groups (OR = 0.614, 95% CI = 0.507–0.744, P < 0.001). Furthermore, using interaction analysis, we identified a special group of individuals belonging to haplogroup A/M7 and the low-risk population, who exhibit a lower risk of multiple cancers compared with other populations (OR = 0.195, 95% CI = 0.106–0.359, P < 0.001). Finally, gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that haplogroup A/M7 patients had lower expression levels of cancer-related pathway genes compared with haplogroup D patients.

Conclusions:

We found that specific mtDNA haplogroups and mtSNPs may play a role in predicting multiple cancer predisposition in Chinese populations.

Impact:

This may provide a potential tool for early screening in clinical settings for individuals in the Chinese population.
Table S3 from Early Cancer Detection in Li–Fraumeni Syndrome with Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Wong Derek , Luo Ping , Oldfield Leslie E. , Gong Haifan , Brunga Ledia , Rabinowicz Ron , Subasri Vallijah , Chan Clarissa , Downs Tiana , Farncombe Kirsten M. , Luu Beatrice , Norman Maia , Sobotka Julia A. , Uju Precious , Eagles Jenna , Pedersen Stephanie , Wellum Johanna , Danesh Arnavaz , Prokopec Stephenie D. , Stutheit-Zhao Eric Y. , Znassi Nadia , Heisler Lawrence E. , Jovelin Richard , Lam Bernard , Lujan Toro Beatriz E. , Marsh Kayla , Sundaravadanam Yogi , Torti Dax , Man Carina , Goldenberg Anna , Xu Wei , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Doria Andrea S. , Malkin David , Kim Raymond H. , Pugh Trevor J.
Published: January 2024

Supplemental Table 3 – IchorCNA Tumor Fractions
Figure S12 from Early Cancer Detection in Li–Fraumeni Syndrome with Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Wong Derek , Luo Ping , Oldfield Leslie E. , Gong Haifan , Brunga Ledia , Rabinowicz Ron , Subasri Vallijah , Chan Clarissa , Downs Tiana , Farncombe Kirsten M. , Luu Beatrice , Norman Maia , Sobotka Julia A. , Uju Precious , Eagles Jenna , Pedersen Stephanie , Wellum Johanna , Danesh Arnavaz , Prokopec Stephenie D. , Stutheit-Zhao Eric Y. , Znassi Nadia , Heisler Lawrence E. , Jovelin Richard , Lam Bernard , Lujan Toro Beatriz E. , Marsh Kayla , Sundaravadanam Yogi , Torti Dax , Man Carina , Goldenberg Anna , Xu Wei , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Doria Andrea S. , Malkin David , Kim Raymond H. , Pugh Trevor J.
Published: January 2024

Figure S12 showing longitudinal integration scores
Figure S11 from Early Cancer Detection in Li–Fraumeni Syndrome with Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Wong Derek , Luo Ping , Oldfield Leslie E. , Gong Haifan , Brunga Ledia , Rabinowicz Ron , Subasri Vallijah , Chan Clarissa , Downs Tiana , Farncombe Kirsten M. , Luu Beatrice , Norman Maia , Sobotka Julia A. , Uju Precious , Eagles Jenna , Pedersen Stephanie , Wellum Johanna , Danesh Arnavaz , Prokopec Stephenie D. , Stutheit-Zhao Eric Y. , Znassi Nadia , Heisler Lawrence E. , Jovelin Richard , Lam Bernard , Lujan Toro Beatriz E. , Marsh Kayla , Sundaravadanam Yogi , Torti Dax , Man Carina , Goldenberg Anna , Xu Wei , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Doria Andrea S. , Malkin David , Kim Raymond H. , Pugh Trevor J.
Published: January 2024

Figure S11 showing comparison between uni-modal and multi-modal integration of assays
Figure S5 from Disruption of SUV39H1-Mediated H3K9 Methylation Sustains CAR T-cell Function
Authors: Jain Nayan , Zhao Zeguo , Koche Richard P. , Antelope Chenling , Gozlan Yosi , Montalbano Antonino , Brocks David , Lopez Michael , Dobrin Anton , Shi Yuzhe , Gunset Gertrude , Giavridis Theodoros , Sadelain Michel
Published: January 2024

Figure S5. SUV39H1 disruption improves anti-tumor efficacy of multiple CAR designs in a prostate cancer model.
Figure S3 from Disruption of SUV39H1-Mediated H3K9 Methylation Sustains CAR T-cell Function
Authors: Jain Nayan , Zhao Zeguo , Koche Richard P. , Antelope Chenling , Gozlan Yosi , Montalbano Antonino , Brocks David , Lopez Michael , Dobrin Anton , Shi Yuzhe , Gunset Gertrude , Giavridis Theodoros , Sadelain Michel
Published: January 2024

Figure S3. CAR T cell inhibitory receptor expression.
Supplementary Table 5 from SUV39H1 Ablation Enhances Long-term CAR T Function in Solid Tumors
Authors: López-Cobo Sheila , Fuentealba Jaime R. , Gueguen Paul , Bonté Pierre-Emmanuel , Tsalkitzi Kyriaki , Chacón Irena , Glauzy Salomé , Bohineust Armelle , Biquand Ariane , Silva Lisseth , Gouveia Zelia , Goudot Christel , Perez Franck , Saitakis Michael , Amigorena Sebastian
Published: January 2024

Numbers of cells analyzed by single-cell ATAC-seq. Related to Figures 5 and S7.
Table S3 from Quantifying the Expanding Landscape of Clinical Actionability for Patients with Cancer
Authors: Suehnholz Sarah P. , Nissan Moriah H. , Zhang Hongxin , Kundra Ritika , Nandakumar Subhiksha , Lu Calvin , Carrero Stephanie , Dhaneshwar Amanda , Fernandez Nicole , Xu Benjamin W. , Arcila Maria E. , Zehir Ahmet , Syed Aijazuddin , Brannon A. Rose , Rudolph Julia E. , Paraiso Eder , Sabbatini Paul J. , Levine Ross L. , Dogan Ahmet , Gao Jianjiong , Ladanyi Marc , Drilon Alexander , Berger Michael F. , Solit David B. , Schultz Nikolaus , Chakravarty Debyani
Published: January 2024

A breakdown of the number and percentage of tumor type-specific samples included in the MSK-IMPACT subset of the AACR Project GENIE dataset.
Mobilizing China and the Global Community to Confront the Treatment Desert for Pediatric Solid Tumors
Authors: Wang Shuhang , Jiang Yale , Zheng Rongshou , Yu Yue , Wei Wenqiang , Li Ning
Published: January 2024

Pediatric solid tumors are distinct clinical entities that impose heavy socioeconomic burden and while their incidence has increased in recent years, treatment options are often limited, with only 27 drugs approved for pediatric solid tumors in the United States, and fewer still, 13, in China. The scale of the unmet medical need is immense and new efforts are urgently needed to develop efficient therapeutics and improve these children's lives.
Measuring Progress in Precision Oncology
Authors: Horak Peter , Fröhling Stefan
Published: January 2024

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Suehnholz and colleagues describe their efforts to quantify the gradual yet steady progress of precision oncology by surveying the regulatory approvals of targeted cancer therapies, and thus the actionability of corresponding molecular alterations in clinical practice, over more than 20 years. Their work also suggests a relationship between the discovery of candidate therapeutic targets through comprehensive tumor profiling and molecularly guided cancer drug development.

See related article by Suehnholz et al., p. 49 (5).
Is It Time to Incorporate Liquid Biopsy into High-Risk Cancer Surveillance Protocols in Li–Fraumeni Syndrome?
Authors: Latham Alicia , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Walsh Michael F. , Maxwell Kara N. , Stadler Zsofia K.
Published: January 2024

In the first prospective study evaluating circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for early cancer detection, Wong, Luo, and colleauges demonstrate the feasibility of liquid biopsy as an augmentation to current surveillance protocols for patients with Li–Fraumeni syndrome, an inherited cancer predisposition associated with high cancer risk in both pediatric and adult populations. Though additional clinical validation in larger cohorts is needed, this research highlights that a multimodal approach is likely necessary to improve the sensitivity of liquid biopsy assays for early cancer detection.

See related article by Wong, Lou et al., p. 104 (9).
FIGURE 3 from A Systems Biology Approach to Understand the Racial Disparities in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nwaokorie Annabelle , Kolch Walter , Fey Dirk
Published: January 2024

Statistics of DEGs identified by DESeq2. A, Venn diagram showing the overlap between the DEGs and the prognostic genes from Black/AA and White cohorts. B, Volcano plot showing the DEGs’ P values (–log10P) over the fold change (log2). Genes with a P-value cutoff <0.05 and absolute log2 fold change >0.1 were deemed significant (blue) versus nonsignificant (yellow). Total number of genes analyzed = 893. Comparison of the mRNA distributions for the top four DEGs between the Black/AA and White cohort. C, MAPK8IP3 (associated with survival in the White cohort). D, CREB3L3 (no association with survival). IRF1 (associated with survival in the Black/AA cohort; E), and FGF17 (associated with survival in the White cohort; F). On each box, the central line indicates the median, and the bottom and top edges of the box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. P-val = P-value. All P values represented are associated to the DESeq2 analysis.
Chronisches Handekzem in Europa: Erfassung von Patientenerfahrungen und -perspektiven (CHEPEP) anhand von qualitativen Interviews
Authors: Rönsch Henriette , Schiffers Frederike , Ofenloch Robert , Weisshaar Elke , Buse Anna-Sophie , Hansen Andreas , John Swen Malte , Giménez Arnau Ana , Pesqué David , Agner Tove , Nørreslet Line Brok , Loman Laura , Romeijn Geertruida L E , Schuttellaar Marie-Louise , Bjelajac Adrijana , Macan Jelena , Apfelbacher Christian , Bauer Andrea
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund: Das chronische Handekzem (CHE) ist eine sehr häufige Hauterkrankung in der europäischen Bevölkerung. Es verursacht Juckreiz und Schmerzen und beeinträchtigt in schwereren Fällen die Funktion der Hände bei der Arbeit und im Privatleben erheblich. Ziele: Perspektiven von Menschen zu erforschen, die mit CHE leben, und deren Probleme, Wünsche und Ziele zu verstehen. Methoden: Wir folgten einem qualitativen Ansatz und führten themengeführte Interviews in fünf europäischen Ländern durch. Wir verwendeten eine Template-Analyse, um wiederkehrende Themen bei Patienten mit CHE zu identifizieren. Ergebnisse: Wir befragten 60 Patienten in sieben ambulanten dermatologischen und arbeitsmedizinischen Kliniken in Kroatien, Dänemark, Deutschland, den Niederlanden und Spanien. Es wurden fünf Hauptthemen identifiziert: (1) Wissen über die Krankheit und ihren Verlauf, (2) präventives Verhalten, (3) Therapie des Handekzems, (4) Auswirkungen auf den Alltag und (5) Einstellungen gegenüber dem CHE und der Gesundheitsversorgung. Die Teilnehmer fühlten sich nicht gut über CHE informiert, insbesondere über die Ursachen, Auslöser und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Vorbeugende Maßnahmen wurden als mehr oder weniger wirksam, aber auch als umständlich empfunden. Die Erfahrungen mit der Therapie waren vielfältig. Die Behandlungszufriedenheit hing von den erreichten Ergebnissen und der wahrgenommenen Unterstützung durch die Behandlungsteams ab. Die Teilnehmer fanden es wichtig, ernst genommen zu werden, praktische Ratschläge zu erhalten, zusätzliche Behandlungen oder Untersuchungen auszuprobieren, neue Hoffnung zu schöpfen und berufliche Perspektiven zu haben. Sie wünschten sich, dass andere die körperliche und emotionale Belastung durch das CHE besser verstehen könnten. Patientenunterstützungsgruppen wurden nicht erwähnt. Die Teilnehmer fanden es wichtig, zu lernen, mit dem Ekzem umzugehen, und das Leben mit CHE zu akzeptieren. Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund der lästigen Symptome, der hohen Sichtbarkeit und der Beeinträchtigung der Hände bei der Arbeit und im Privatleben hat das CHE eine hohe emotionale und soziale Wirkung. Manche Menschen benötigen möglicherweise Unterstützung, um den Umgang mit dem CHE und dessen Prävention zu erlernen. Patienten wünschen sich Informationen über Ursachen und Auslöser. Sie schätzen Ärzte, die ihnen zuhören und immer wieder nach Lösungen suchen. © 2023 Die Autoren. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, veröffentlicht von John Wiley & Sons Ltd im Auftrag der European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
Improving the quality of handwritten image segmentation using k-means clustering algorithms with spatial filters
Authors: Munsarif Muhammad , Saman Muhammad
Published: January 2024

One of the ways to predict human characters is by using handwritten patterns. Graphologists have analyzed handwriting to determine a writer's personality by considering several parameters: writing slopes, spacing, inclination, and writing size. The results of the analysis have been widely used as a reference for psychologists to assess an individual's personality. Moreover, researchers have applied techniques to identify human characters using image processing techniques. However, different styles of handwriting require more research to develop. The process of separating objects from backgrounds needs a segmentation process. This research improves the quality of handwritten image segmentation using k-means clustering algorithms with the spatial filter. This spatial filter consisted of the median and mean filters. This research created various k values to gain the best segmentation results. The results showed that the median filter with a kernel size of 3×3 and the k value = 2 was the best segmentation result because the value of silhouette coefficient was the highest compared to the value of filter type and other k values which reach 99.22%.
The impact of usability in information technology projects
Authors: Putra Hulu Freddy Richard , Raharjo Teguh , Simanungkalit Tiarma
Published: January 2024

Achieving success in information system and technology (IS/IT) projects is a complex and multifaceted endeavour that has proven difficult. The literature is replete with project failures, but identifying the critical success factors contributing to favourable outcomes remains challenging. The triad of Time-Cost-Quality is widely accepted as key to achieving project success. While time and cost can be quantified and measured, quality is a more complex construct that requires different metrics and measurement approaches. Utilizing the PRISMA Methodology, this study initiated a comprehensive search across literature databases and identified 142 relevant articles pertaining to the specified keywords. A subset of ten articles was deemed suitable for further examination through rigorous screening and eligibility assessments. Notably, a primary finding indicates that despite recognizing usability as a critical element, there is a tendency to neglect usability enhancements due to time and resource constraints. Regarding the influence of usability on project success, the active involvement of end-users emerges as a pivotal factor. Moreover, fostering the enhancement of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) knowledge within the development team is essential. Failure to provide good usability can lead to project failure, undermining user satisfaction and adoption of the technology.
Democracia e opinião pública em Platão
Authors: Comparini Julio de Souza , Nunes Silvio Gabriel Serrano , Tomelin Georghio Alessandro
Published: January 2024

O presente estudo busca examinar alguns dos debates socrático-platônicos sobre a opinião pública diante da busca da verdade, e seu impacto político, particularmente para a democracia, que depende da noção de liberdade. Depois de se entender o avanço da visão de Platão sobre o problema da opinião e a impossibilidade de seu sobrepujamento geral, discute-se a visão do autor sobre o regime que dá poder ao demos e, ao final, que tipo de aprendizado se pode daí extrair para as democracias contemporâneas.
Genetic Evidence for the Causal Association of Circulating Cytokines and Growth Factors With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Li Yuwei , Liu Bin , Chen Ying , Liu Ziying , Ye Ding , Mao Yingying , Sun Xiaohui
Published: January 2024

Background

Observational studies have suggested the potential role of inflammatory factors in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to perform 2‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal association between circulating cytokines/growth factors and CAD.

Methods and Results

The instrumental variables for 28 circulating cytokines and growth factors were identified from a genome‐wide association study of 8293 European participants. Summary‐level data on CAD were derived from a large genome‐wide association study (71 602 cases and 260 875 controls). We used the inverse‐variance‐weighted and Wald ratio methods as our main MR methods. The weighted median, simple median, maximum likelihood, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and MR‐Egger methods were performed as sensitivity analyses. Genetic colocalization analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of our MR findings. We found that genetically predicted circulating levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor were associated with an increased risk of CAD at the Bonferroni‐adjusted level of significance (
P
<1.79×10
−3
). The odds ratio was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.08–1.33;
P
=6.83×10
−4
) per 1‐SD increase in macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Colocalization analyses supported our MR findings. Additionally, we found suggestive evidence between the genetic effects of stem cell growth factor‐β and the risk of CAD (odds ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.91–0.98];
P
=0.007).

Conclusions

Our findings suggested a risk‐increasing effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor level on the development of CAD. The roles of these inflammatory factors for CAD warrant further investigation.
Sensitivity of stubby root nematodes (Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus spp.) to isothiocyanates associated with Brassicaceae in an in vitro assay
Authors: Mwangi Nyambura G. , Stevens Mark , Wright Alistair J.D. , Edwards Simon G. , Hare Martin C. , Back Matthew A.
Published: January 2024

Brassicas contain glucosinolates (GSLs), which are converted into different isothiocyanates (ITCs) that possess biocidal activity. These different ITCs result in a range of toxicities to various target species. Laboratory assays were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of stubby root nematodes (SRN), Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus spp., to three pure, commercially available ITCs, i.e., 2-phenylethyl (PEITC), allyl (AITC) and sulforaphane (SITC) at different concentrations (1.625, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg ml−1). The effect on nematode mobility was assessed after 24, 48 and 72 h. Mortality of SRN was assessed after 48 h incubation of the nematodes in distilled water post ITC treatment. Mortality for all ITCs at all tested concentrations was significantly higher than the controls, distilled water and 1% DMSO. Concentration and type of ITC had a significant effect on SRN mobility and mortality, whilst increase in exposure time did not significantly increase the immobility of SRN. The average 24 h ED50 (dose that resulted in 50% immobility) for SRN were 7, 5 and 44 μg ml−1, and the average LD50 (dose that resulted in 50% mortality) after 48 h recovery in distilled water was 7, 11 and 24.3 μg ml−1 for PEITC, AITC and SITC, respectively. SITC was significantly less potent compared to PEITC and AITC, which had LD50 values that were four times and two times lower, respectively. These results indicate the potential use of brassica associated with the tested ITC in the process of biofumigation for SRN suppression.
The Utility of ACR TI-RADS in Predicting False-Negative Fine Needle Aspiration for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Dimaano Katrina L. , Dib Valerie A. , Parnall Taylor , Covington Audrey , Kaji Amy H. , Choi Patrick , Chen Kathryn T.
Published: January 2024

Background

Thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies are associated with a low false-negative rate. There is limited data regarding the predictive value of American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System for false-negative FNA.

Methods

This single-center retrospective study evaluated 119 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. The association of TR category, along with other clinical variables, with false-negative FNA was evaluated.

Results

The overall false-negative rate of FNA was 10.8% (n = 9). False-negative FNAs were associated with younger age (mean 42 years vs 50.6 years, P = .04), larger nodule size (mean 4.4 cm vs 3.2 cm, P = .03), and a lower TR category (median 3 v 4, P = .01).

Discussion

Lower TR category, younger age, and larger nodule size were associated with false-negative FNA of thyroid nodules. These findings should be taken into context when counseling patients with thyroid nodules who have a benign FNA.
Evaluation and Application of Frailty Index in Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jiang Wenliang , Yu Huan , Yujun Liu  , Xun Feng , Ma Zhengkang , Yang Jiacheng , Wang Aimei , Wang Honggang
Published: January 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that primarily affects the elderly population. Surgery is one of the main treatment modalities for CRC. Frailty is a prevalent characteristic among the elderly and a leading cause of mortality. The frailty index (FI) is a comprehensive tool for assessing patients’ frailty status, quantifying indicators such as weight loss, fatigue, and nutritional status, to reflect the degree of frailty. In recent years, the FI has undergone modifications to more accurately evaluate the risk of surgical complications and prognosis in CRC patients. This review summarizes the methods for frailty assessment, the development and modifications of the FI, and compiles the research findings and applications of the FI in predicting surgical complications, postoperative recovery, and survival rates in CRC patients. Furthermore, limitations in the current modified frailty index (mFI) and future research directions are discussed. This review provides essential references for further understanding the role of frailty in CRC patients and the clinical application of the mFI.
Practices of Adult Spine Immobilization During Trauma Resuscitation: Proposal for Improved Guidelines
Authors: Breeding Tessa , Nasef Hazem , Amin Quratulain , Wright D-dre , Zito Tracy , Elkbuli Adel
Published: January 2024

Introduction

This narrative review aims to evaluate the impact of current spinal immobilization practices on clinical outcomes in adult trauma patients with suspected or confirmed spinal injury to direct the creation of improved practice management guidelines.

Methods

PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched for studies that evaluated the impact of spine immobilization practices during resuscitation in adult trauma patients and reported associated clinical outcomes. Outcomes included neurological deficits, in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (HLOS), ICU length of stay (ICU-LOS), discharge disposition, long-term functional status (modified Rankin scale), vascular injury rate, and respiratory injury rate.

Results

Nine studies were included in this review, divided into two groups based on patient immobilization status. Patients compared with and without cervical immobilization had higher mortality, longer ICU-LOS, and a higher incidence of neurological deficits if immobilized. Immobilization only was associated with a higher incidence of indirect neurological injury and poor functional outcomes.

Conclusion

Spinal immobilization during resuscitation in adult trauma patients is associated with a higher risk of neurological injury, in-hospital mortality, and longer ICU-LOS. Further research is needed to provide strong evidence for spinal immobilization guidelines and identify the optimal method and timing for immobilization practices in trauma patients.
Progressive fatigue damage modeling of laminated composites using strain-based failure criteria
Authors: Mirzaei Amir Hossein , Shokrieh Mahmood Mehrdad
Published: January 2024

The progressive fatigue damage (PFD) model is a well-known approach for simulating the fatigue behavior of laminated composites. In the PFD model, stress-based failure criteria detect failure modes in a unidirectional (UD) ply of laminated composites. Using stress-based failure criteria requires performing numerous UD ply characterization tests. The present research presents a series of strain-based failure criteria for the unidirectional ply under fatigue loading conditions. Using the current criteria, the need for strength degradation tests was eliminated, and the number of characterization tests was reduced drastically. Using a user-defined material behavior (UMAT) subroutine code, stress-based failure criteria were replaced by the present strain-based failure criteria in the PFD model. To evaluate the results of the model, a comprehensive experimental program was conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of UD ply and laminated composites (with/without hole) under static and fatigue loading conditions. Moreover, the PFD model was also evaluated by the available experimental data of pin-loaded composites under fatigue-loading conditions. Compared to the stress-based criteria, the present criteria improved the accuracy of the predicted fatigue life by up to 63% and reduced the cost of testing by about 50%.
Until consensus: Introducing the International Cyber Expression dataset
Authors: Canfil Justin Key
Published: January 2024

Extant scholarship has until now relied on informal-theoretic, case study, and interpretative methods to assess patterns of norm development in cyberspace. Ideally, these accounts would be complemented with more systematic cross-national and longitudinal empirical evidence. To address this gap, this article introduces the International Cyber Expression Dataset. The dataset includes a corpus of more than 34,000 official expressions of view by states and their authorized representatives regarding the international politics of cyberspace. The article describes the sources of these data and demonstrates the dataset’s usefulness, with an Online appendix containing an exploratory analysis of norm convergence. Future research can leverage the dataset to empirically test questions of theory and policy. For example, the dataset can be used to study how foundational theories of norm diffusion apply to cyberspace. It can also be paired with existing cyber conflict datasets to study the conditions under which state practice influences cyber discourse, and vice versa.
John Witherspoon and Slavery: Ideology versus Praxis
Authors: Redmond Lesa
Published: January 2024

This article reassesses the life and legacy of John Knox Witherspoon on the basis of his relationship to slavery. It argues that Witherspoon's ideological commitment to Presbyterianism came into constant tension with the realities of slavery both in his native Scotland and in the burgeoning American colony he eventually called home. Three snapshots in Witherspoon's life encapsulate this tension: his interaction with Jamie Montgomery, an enslaved man whom Witherspoon baptized in Scotland; his contributions to the scheme to train two free African Americans—John Quamine and Bristol Yamma—for their mission to Africa; and his tutoring of John Chavis, a free Black man from Virginia, at the same time he held property in slaves. Most accounts of Witherspoon's life fail to interrogate these snapshots and so fail to grasp a nuanced portrait of the imminent figure. This article parses through his unequal treatment of the African Americans he taught and the African Americans he enslaved to deliver a new reading of Witherspoon. This reading, in turn, maps onto a broader reconsideration of the founding principles of the early United States.
Reward Expectancy and External Whistleblowing: Testing the Moderating Roles of Public Service Motivation, Seriousness of Wrongdoing, and Whistleblower Protection
Authors: Potipiroon Wisanupong
Published: January 2024

Previous research has provided valuable insights into the role of rewards in motivating whistleblowing, but there are still unanswered questions regarding the conditions under which whistleblower rewards can encourage or discourage individuals from whistleblowing. This study focuses on the disclosure of grand corruption activities and employs an expectancy theory framework to investigate the relationship between reward expectancy and external whistleblowing intentions. In so doing, this study examines whether this relationship is contingent upon the influence of three relevant factors, namely, public service motivation (PSM), seriousness of wrongdoing, and whistleblower protection. Survey data were gathered from 2,710 employees in 38 government agencies in Thailand. The findings generally support the hypotheses. Specifically, the results provide evidence against the motivation crowding out effect, while highlighting the importance of situational factors in enhancing the influence of whistleblower rewards. These findings offer practical implications for how whistleblower reward systems can be designed and leveraged to enhance the motivation of potential whistleblowers.
Transactional and Stopgap Relationships Between Community College Department Chairs and Their Adjuncts
Authors: Zoromski Keith , Sasso Pietro A.
Published: January 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between community college department chairs and their adjunct faculty. Methods: This was a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study that used individual semi-structured interviews of 14 department chairs from a purposive sample drawn from a midwestern community college. Data analysis was conducted through two cycles of coding using phenomenological approaches. Results: Findings suggest that department chair relationships with adjunct faculty are transactional, have limited depth, and are perceived as scheduling stopgaps. Department chairs describe their connection as centered on scheduling or administration to prioritize student needs above relationship building. Contributions: The study contributes to existing research by elucidating that the department chair-adjunct didactic relationship is superficial. Department chairs, opposed to lead instructors, hold the most influence to positively influence the academic environment through a deepened relationship with adjunct faculty. Important implications for practice are provided for focused intentional efforts to humanize adjunct faculty within their institutions.
Histograms of computed tomography values in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant osteogenic lesions
Authors: Wang Ruiqing , Zhou Ruizhi , Sun Shiqing , Yang Zhitao , Chen Haisong
Published: January 2024

Background

The use of histogram analysis of computed tomography (CT) values is a potential method for differentiating between benign osteoblastic lesions (BOLs) and malignant osteoblastic lesions (MOLs).

Purpose

To explore the diagnostic efficacy of histogram analysis in accurately distinguishing between BOLs and MOLs based on CT values.

Material and Methods

A total of 25 BOLs and 25 MOLs, which were confirmed through pathology or imaging follow-up, were included in this study. FireVoxel software was used to process the lesions and obtain various histogram parameters, including mean value, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis, entropy value, and percentiles ranging from 1st to 99th. Statistical tests, such as two independent-sample t-tests and the Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction, were employed to compare the differences in histogram parameters between BOLs and MOLs. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter.

Results

Significant differences were observed in several histogram parameters between BOLs and MOLs, including the mean value, coefficient of variation, skewness, and various percentiles. Notably, the 25th percentile demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy, as indicated by the largest area under the curve in the ROC curve analysis.

Conclusion

Histogram analysis of CT values provides valuable diagnostic information for accurately differentiating between BOLs and MOLs. Among the different parameters, the 25th percentile parameter proves to be the most effective in this discrimination process.
Prognostic impact of Ki-67 in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma: A preliminary study
Authors: Brigandì Elena , Valenti Paola , Bacci Barbara , Brunetti Barbara , Avallone Giancarlo
Published: January 2024

Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma has a high metastatic rate and short survival time. Currently, the main prognostic parameters are tumor stage and therapy, while data on histologic parameters, such as grade and Ki-67 expression, are scarce. The aims of this study were to compare two methods of assessment of Ki-67, verify their prognostic impact, and define a threshold value based on survival. Thirty-one cases of histologically diagnosed canine splenic hemangiosarcoma, which were treated with splenectomy and had full staging and follow-up information, were collected. Three were stage I, 17 stage II, and 11 stage III. The mean mitotic count (MC) was 23.9 (standard deviation [SD]: 22.1) and the median was 15 (range, 1–93). Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 was performed, the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67LI) was assessed as a percentage of positive neoplastic nuclei per ≥500 cell, and the Ki-67 count (KI-67C) was defined as the average number of positive nuclei using a 1 cm2 optical grid performed in 5, 40× fields. The mean Ki-67LI and Ki-67C were 56.4% (SD: 38.7) and 27.2 (SD: 12.9) and medians were 51% (range, 8.2–55.2) and 26 (range, 5.5–148), respectively. Using a cut-off of 56% and 9, respectively, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed an association of overall survival with Ki-67LI and MC. In addition to clinical stage, Ki-67LI maintained its prognostic value on multivariate analysis, supporting the role of Ki-67LI as an independent prognostic parameter. Based on these results, we propose a diagnostically applicable cut-off value of 56% for Ki-67LI as a prognostic parameter for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma.
From online to onsite: Wanghong economy as the new engine driving China’s urban development
Authors: Cao Liu
Published: January 2024

Considering China’s ‘isolated’ digital ecosystem, this paper examines China’s ‘check-in’ activities to understand how the wanghong economy is driving China’s new rounds of urban development, with the purpose of supplementing existing research on digital economies from the Chinese context. Focusing on a representative case study area called Dongshankou in Guangzhou, which is regarded as one of the most popular wanghong places and an emerging commercial centre, I sought to enrich existing studies about digital economies and extend scholarship on platform urbanism from the cultural economy perspective. First, I argue that Chinese consumers’ check-in activities function as the data accumulation process, structuring Dongshankou’s digital capital through the assemblage of online posts and geotags. Therefore, Dongshankou’s urban development challenges the conventional view of creativity as the key factor in the cultural economy for urban development, given that digital capital is now the key driver for urban development in the digital age. Second, the growth of wanghong stores in Dongshankou reveals how the wanghong economy is materialised into urban cultural objects. Emotional value – a crucial selling point that these wanghong stores aim to provide to facilitate consumers’ check-in activities – illustrates how China’s highly participatory digital ecosystem extracts users’ emotions and bodily experiences into the process of capital accumulation, which structures the ‘platform urbanism’ through our daily lives. This paper broadens the horizon for an alternative theoretical agenda in platform urbanism: beyond focusing solely on platform algorithms, how digital platforms and emotions become inextricably linked in economic production should be further explored.
Pharmacologic characterization of atogepant: A potent and selective calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist
Authors: Moore Eric , Bell Ian M , Fraley Mark E , Burgey Christopher S , White Rebecca B , Li Chi-Chung , Regan Christopher P , Danziger Andrew , McGaraughty Steve P , Naseri Kouzehgarani Ghazal , Salvatore Christopher , Banerjee Pradeep
Published: January 2024

Background

The trigeminal sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is identified as an essential element in migraine pathogenesis.

Methods

In vitro and in vivo studies evaluated pharmacologic properties of the CGRP receptor antagonist atogepant. Radioligand binding using 125I-CGRP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation assays were conducted in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to assess affinity, functional potency and selectivity. Atogepant in vivo potency was assessed in the rat nitroglycerine model of facial allodynia and primate capsaicin-induced dermal vasodilation (CIDV) pharmacodynamic model. Cerebrospinal fluid/brain penetration and behavioral effects of chronic dosing and upon withdrawal were evaluated in rats.

Results

Atogepant exhibited high human CGRP receptor-binding affinity and potently inhibited human α-CGRP-stimulated cAMP responses. Atogepant exhibited significant affinity for the amylin1 receptor but lacked appreciable affinities for adrenomedullin, calcitonin and other known neurotransmitter receptor targets. Atogepant dose-dependently inhibited facial allodynia in the rat nitroglycerine model and produced significant CIDV inhibition in primates. Brain penetration and behavioral/physical signs during chronic dosing and abrupt withdrawal were minimal in rats.

Conclusions

Atogepant is a competitive antagonist with high affinity, potency and selectivity for the human CGRP receptor. Atogepant demonstrated a potent, concentration-dependent exposure/efficacy relationship between atogepant plasma concentrations and inhibition of CGRP-dependent effects.
Uncovering the Transformative Labor in Black Women's Community Work
Authors: Swanson Resha Terae , Carreon Erin Devorah
Published: January 2024

Despite efforts by scholars to visibilize Black women's community work, we still lack a framework that captures the nuances in the work arrangements of Black women serving and advocating for their communities. Our paper introduces a new conceptual framework, the Continuum of Transformative and Reproductive Labor (CTRL), to recognize this hidden multiform labor of racialized women. The CTRL places community work that reproduces oppressive social structures on a spectrum opposite what we call transformative labor—labor that disrupts systems of oppression. The CTRL framework distinguishes social reproductive and transformative community work along four dimensions, (1) the type of power each produces, (2) workers’ autonomy and leadership, (3) workers’ motivation, and (4) how the work is valued. We explore the utility of the CTRL framework for analyzing multiple types of community work Black women perform by highlighting historical and contemporary cases in two different labor contexts. Ultimately, we make a key contribution to feminist social work; Recognizing the community as a site of social reproductive labor, we create a new framework to acknowledge Black women's labor in the community as distinct in its capacity to transform social systems by resisting the reproduction of racial and gender inequality.
Exploring Women's Perception of High Metabolic Clothing
Authors: D’Arcy Lindsay , Fray Mike , Barnes Jo , Watkins Susan M.
Published: January 2024

This study presents the first exploratory inquiry into women's perception of High Metabolic Clothing (HMC) that could aid in weight loss and/or muscle maintenance/gain. A mixed methods study was conducted combining an online survey ( n = 502) and interviews ( n = 30). A composite variable combining BMI and exercise engagement was used to group and compare participants for data analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and content analysis guided by the FEA (functional, expressive, and aesthetic) Consumer Needs Model. Results revealed that 83.5% of survey respondents were interested in wearing HMC; high BMI non-exercisers were identified as the biggest market for HMC. Four future directions were identified for HMC to address a range of user needs. Clothing that resisted movement was perceived as acceptable providing HMC helped a wearer to achieve their goals and the design adhered to consumers’ aesthetic needs and societal clothing norms.
Viscosity of liquid Ni-based industrial alloys: experiments versus theory
Authors: Novakovic Rada , Giuranno Donatella , Mohr Markus , Brillo Jürgen , Fecht Hans-Jörg
Published: January 2024

The aim of this review is to succinctly review recent progress in experimental and theoretical investigation of the viscosity of binary and multicomponent Ni–Al-based industrial alloys, summarising the current state of knowledge of the topic. Viscosity data are important for simulation of microstructural evolution during solidification-related processes such as casting. Therefore, to obtain accurate predictions of defect-free microstructure, only reliable input data are required. Based on the synergy between experiment and theory, a review of the literature provides a critical evaluation of temperature- and composition-dependent viscosity data available from existing studies carried out over the last 60 years. The purpose of this review is threefold: to discuss container-based viscometer methods and alternative containerless processing via electromagnetic levitation during parabolic flights and on board the International Space Station; to analyse the viscosity models including their validation; and to refer to the first two points, to interpret the viscosity data.
Why are organisational professionals expanding in the Swedish public sector? The role of accountability
Authors: Alamaa Linda , Hall Patrik , Löfgren Karl
Published: January 2024

Recent research shows that new types of high-skilled administrators, what we in this article label organisational professionals, have amplified their presence in public sector organisations in relation to other types of public sector employees. Our purpose is to analyse how organisational accountability can be seen as a driver behind the expansion of organisational professionals. Intensified political and administrative pressures seem to be driving this process, but there also seems to be internal turfs in which the different parts of the government administration seek to hold each other accountable, a process possibly amplified by professionalising ambitions of the organisational professionals. The article concludes that the bureaucratising effect of accountability demands ought to be highlighted more in critical research of accountability. The study is based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups with public sector professionals in Sweden from different policy sectors and government levels.
The Making of Polities in the Medieval Kingdom of Valencia, 1231–1419
Authors: Baydal Vicent
Published: January 2024

This article studies the development of the political system in the Kingdom of Valencia between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. It analyses the evolution of, and relations between, the general legal system, the royal government and administration and the main organs of power representing the political community of the kingdom. This case, which is supported by extraordinarily rich legislative and parliamentary sources, is an excellent example of the political transformations that were taking place across Europe during this period.
Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme
Authors: Makoni Grace Makanaka , Gerspach Christian , Fischer Nina , Rosato Giuliana , Fabian Rosalie , Grest Paula , Kipar Anja
Published: January 2024

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV2; Orthoherpesviridae, Macavirus ovinegamma2), has sheep as natural hosts. OvHV2 is an important macavirus globally that induces fatal disease in dead-end hosts. Goats, which can be infected subclinically with OvHV2, rarely develop MCF. A 28-wk-old female goat was presented with fever and multifocal crusty skin lesions. Histologic examination of a skin biopsy suggested erythema multiforme (EM), with pyoderma and dermal vasculitis. The doe was euthanized and subjected to postmortem and histologic examination. MCF was suspected and PCR assays for macaviruses were performed, followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for OvHV2 latency-associated nuclear antigen (oLANA), RNA in situ hybridization for Ov2.5 mRNA, and IHC to characterize infiltrating leukocytes. The main postmortem finding was severe multifocal ulcerative dermatitis with macrophage- and T cell–mediated arteritis. The latter was also detected in kidney, spleen, heart, and intestinal wall. The PCR assay detected high loads of OvHV2 in tissues. OvHV2 oLANA and Ov2.5 mRNA were expressed within the lesions in leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and/or keratinocytes. Our case confirms that MCF can initially manifest clinically as a skin disease in goats and as EM with confirmed viral etiology.
Environmental Sustainability of Family Firms: A Meta-Analysis of Handprint and Footprint
Authors: Lorenzen Solvej , Gerken Maike , Steinmetz Holger , Block Joern , Hülsbeck Marcel , Lux Friederike Sophie
Published: January 2024

Our meta-analysis investigates the environmental sustainability performance of family firms (FFs) distinguishing between environmental hand- and footprint and accounting for FF heterogeneity. Based on a sample of 87 primary studies comprising 118,538 firms, we find no significant difference between FFs and non-FFs regarding their overall environmental sustainability performance. Yet, distinguishing between environmental hand- and footprint, we show that FFs have a lower footprint than non-FFs but do not differ regarding their handprint. Firm size, being a public firm, and type of family involvement moderate the effects of FF status on environmental sustainability performance. Our research note extends prior meta-analytical evidence and contributes to a more fine-grained and nuanced understanding of the environmental sustainability performance of FFs. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.