bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare services consumer’s behaviour and sustainable development
Authors: GÂRDAN (GEANGU) Iuliana Petronela , GÂRDAN Daniel Adrian
Published: August 2017

Sustainable development has come into prominence in recent years as a concept that determines implications in all areas of human activity. Modern medical services are distinguished by a special position regarding application of the specific principles of sustainable development. This is because they are not only a necessary and useful tool to implement the concept of sustainable development at the scale of the entire human civilization but also an area of activity where sustainability is experiencing a complex application. In this context, health care consumer behaviour has also suffered substantial changes determined both by the technological evolution from the medical field and the large scale which phenomena such as social networks and communication technology has in the present. This article proposes a review of the evolution of the concept of sustainable development, its application in the medical field, with an emphasis on dental health services and final considerations on how consumer behaviour is influenced by the implementation, at the level of the medical organisations, of the principles of sustainable development.
The impact of the total tax rate reduction on public services provided in Romania
Authors: TRANDAFIR Adina
Published: August 2017

Against the background of economic globalization, governments tend to take tax measures disadvantageous to society in order to increase the attractiveness of the business environment. A common measures for this purpose is the reduction in tax rate. According to the classical theory of tax competition such measure leads to under the provision of public goods. This article aims to show, through an econometric analysis, whether in Romania, in the period 2006-2013, reducing total tax rate had a negative impact on public services. For this, using linear regression technique, the article analysed the correlation between total tax rate and the variation in the share of the main public service spending in GDP.
Challenges of leadership in modern organizations: knowledge, vision, values
Authors: CHIRIMBU Sebastian
Published: August 2017

The article highlights the issue of leadership in the context of the exercise in the knowledge-based organization. Connections between organizational culture, management culture and leadership in modern organizations highlight the manner in which leadership is exercised in the context of knowledge of the organization's foundation. Leadership means knowledge and practice, it means quality. Organizations need managers, but they also need leaders. It is desirable for the two areas to overlap in the largest possible extent. Modern approaches emphasize the evolution of these relations to the area where the legitimacy of the leadership's concern is justified by the development and promotion of other leaders.
A SIAD achievement based on the collection of the industry costs
Authors: TOFAN Cezarina Adina
Published: August 2017

In modern market economy, organizations have to take decisions in a flexible, dynamic manner. In the economic environment, the relationship between product - market and competition is becoming more and more complex, as the socio-economic environment itself becomes more diversified and complex. Thereby, in order to be efficient, the management has to rely not only on chance and inspiration but especially on scientific methods designed to resolve dilemmas and multiple choice situations. The decision-making process represents an complex sum of activities regarding the collection, processing and selection of information. The information becomes a valuable asset for the organization if it is obtained and used in real-time, therefore the decision making process is highly dependent on complex, operational and qualitative information.
INFLUENCE FACTORS AND MANIFESTATIONS OF PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: DĂNECI-PĂTRĂU Daniel , COCA Elena Carmen
Published: August 2017

Notion almost unknown before 1950, labor productivity is now commonly used by economists, engineers, sociologists and politicians alike, influencing all the important issues of the time. Under these circumstances, if it is accepted that labor productivity is the driving variable that generates economic progress, it is justified that people need to increase their efforts to enhance, its value through various means. This article presents the findings of a theoretical research literature regarding landmarks in the evolution of labor productivity. Arguments justifying such an approach have been given by the fact that the labor issue presents an interest not only at the micro level, individual (the consequences it has on the individual work), but also at the macro level, societal (employment relations on the market labor, insurance systems and the offer educational services on the market today).
Romanians’ attitudes towards mobility for work from a gendered perspective
Authors: SĂNDULEASA Andra-Bertha
Published: August 2017

Employment strategies in the European Union laid stress on the importance and on the need to increase the participation of women on labour market. On the other hand, evidence shows that international migration has been feminised in Europe and that, in the past decades, geopolitical conflicts and economic restructuring in Eastern Europe and the Third World generated new patterns of female migration. This article explores Romanians’ attitudes towards mobility for work from a gendered perspective. Based on the Special Euro-barometer 337 – Geographical and labour market mobility – conducted in 2009 on behalf of the European Commission, the main findings of the article are that gender is an important aspect in analysing people’s economic behaviour. The research argues that in order to increase women’s participation on labour market, a deeper understanding of the situation of females on labour market is required.
Corruption and internal control weaknesses. Case study Romania
Authors: IONESCU Luminiţa
Published: August 2017

Corruption represents one of the major causes of poverty all over the world and European Union is fighting against it. In the last few years, the corruption phenomenon registered a high level in some European countries and became one of the most problematic factors for doing business, due to the evolution of the perceived top five global risks: interstate conflict and regional consequences, extreme weather events, failure of national governance, state collapse or crises, high structural unemployment or underemployment              (WEF-Global Risk Report 2015, p. 14).One of the modalities in combating corruption is implementing the internal control and most of the governments and organizations adopted strong control techniques. Most of the control weaknesses are related to the financial procedures and the number of controllers. Some of the controllers do not have enough financial expertise or do not understand the importance of informatics systems.
The decisional environment – theoretical aspects
Authors: DRAGOMIR Robert Gabriel
Published: August 2017

The present paper speaks about the main theoretical aspects connected to the decisional environment. Thus, we defined the decision and its major role in the managerial process. Secondly we followed the stages and perception along time in defining the concept of decision. After that we described, shortly, the factors which diminish the uncertainty: relevance, correctness, accuracy, precision, completion, timing, usage, consistency, conformity and cost. The next treated aspects were several classifications of the decisions, taking into account different variables or implied elements. In the end we jump at the conclusions.
Comparative Statistical Analysis of Gender Equality on the Labour Markets of Romania and EU28
Authors: PAŞNICU Daniela
Published: August 2017

To achieve the employment target set in the Europe 2020 Strategy is necessary that women's potential and talent to be used optimally. Increasing employment for both men and women is the main way to achieve autonomy, financial independence and poverty reduction.This paper presents a comparative statistical analysis of gender equality on the labour markets of Romania and EU28 based on official statistics records and specific key labour market indicators. The aim was to highlight the gender gap on activity rates, employment rates by age, work time and unemployment rate, including long-term unemployment. The analyses undertaken shows that in the last ten years activity and employment rates of women in Romania had a slightly decreasing trend, while at the EU28 level had an upward trend, which led to the widening gap than the average EU28. The gender gap for the same indicators rose in the period under review, in the case of Romania, while at the EU28 level decreased.
The Influence of Education and Training on Productive Skills, Nature of Work and Gender Inequality
Authors: GHIORGHIŢĂ Eugen
Published: August 2017

The present paper is a synthesis of researching the evolution of gender discrimination during 2002-2013, i.e. the inclusion of women in the three levels of the national education system and the effects of education materialized in the degree of female population insertion on the labour market at national and European level.In order to grasp the still existing gender stereotypy and discrimination, it was necessary to analyze the evolution of the share of female population included in the three levels of the national education system (primary (elementary), secondary (lower and upper secondary) and tertiary (university), the correlation of the level of preparation of those graduating these three levels of the national education system with the branch structure of the employed population, respectively with the level of the average earnings (annual or monthly), at-risk-of-poverty rate by poverty threshold and education level, the identification of gender discrimination determined by gender role and gender wage disparity.
Book review: Thomas Piketty, Capitalul în secolul XXI
Authors: UŢĂ Cristian
Published: August 2017

Litera Publishing, Bucharest, 2015Translation from French by Irina Brateş and Lucia Popovici
A brief overview of the types of ETFs
Authors: PETROVA Elitsa
Published: August 2017

Exchange-traded fund is a type of exchange-traded product. ETF is a fund that is traded as a typical financial asset. Just like an index fund, ETF represents a basket of assets that reflect popular stock index. ETF traded just like any other company on the stock exchange. By owning ETF investor receives two important advantages – the diversification of index fund plus the flexibility of trading financial assets. There are different types of ETFs. Mainly divided into index, commodity, bond, currency, exchange-traded trusts and leveraged exchange-traded funds. The article discusses the basics of exchange-traded fund, does a brief history review on the emergence of exchange-traded funds, and provides information on the basic and specific types of exchange-traded funds.The used scientific tools include:study of scientific literature;study the performance of different markets which operate with exchange-traded funds;meaningful analysis and summary of theoretical and practical applied information.
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN FULL PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Gurgu Elena , Cociuban Aristide Dumitru
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this article was to highlight the role of public diplomacy in linking countries of the world in the process of economic globalization. Like objectives we intend to emphasize the kinds of powers that plays an important role in public diplomacy and national policies on public diplomacy. The investigations carried out by us so far shows that contemporary international relations recorded, under the impact of globalization, a process of resizing, which leads to the removal of the state monopoly on foreign policy. As a result, a whole range of non-state actors influence the image of a country abroad and information technologies gives them multiple communication mechanisms. In this situation, diplomatic activities must be accompanied by a process of communication, both in its internal and foreign markets.
Advances on how to strengthen the peace within the Black Sea Region
Authors: Costea Carmen , Vasile Adrian , Mihoreanu Larisa , Vasile Adrian
Published: August 2017

The reason/motivation for addressing issues related to the Black Sea region is multifaceted and requires adequate explanations which will be refereed to here from Romania’s perspective as, a Black Sea area country by geography, historical background, cultural and social characteristics, is the bridge of economic and cultural changes, peace stability and military safety. Its economy and standard of life is sensible to the various factors and trends originating in the region.This paper aims to offer new perspectives in sustaining the idea of a valuable contribution of whom/what at the regional stability.
Book Review - CAPITAL IN THE 21ST CENTURY, BY THOMAS PIKETTY
Authors: Gurgu Elena
Published: August 2017

Only few books of economy in the recent past years have had a similar effect on public opinion as the work of Professor Thomas Piketty from Paris School of Economics, in which he attempts to explain the dynamics of the last two centuries income inequality in developed countries. Shortly after the release of the English version, appeared excellent reviews from some major economists like Robert Solow, Paul Krugman, Robert Shiller, all three Nobel Prize winners, as we all know.            "It is the most important book of the century" concluded Esquire magazine, and Paul Krugman, Nobel Prize winner for Economics, described it as "a volume really superb" and "an extraordinary work [...] certainly the most economic important book of the year if not the decade."            In turn, Martin Wolf, one of the most influential writers on economic issues worldwide, says that the work of Piketty is "extremely important" and Branko Milanovic, a former World Bank economist, said it is "one of the primary work of economic thought ".
ABOUT THE OF DISCIPLINARY CONTENT OF DOXASTIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gaf-Deac Ioan
Published: August 2017

The article stated, in substance, that by accepting the hypothesis of continuing transformation of content and configuration "small worlds", along with developments in technology and behavioral sciences, necessarily supported the finding that mutations endo-exogenous influences organizational entity as a whole his notable consequences on management. Doxastic management is a new epistemological covered by copyright scientifically in 2013 (Ioan Gaf-Deac, Fundamentals of Doxastic Management, FMP, Bucharest, 2013, 508 pp., ISBN 978-606-93321-5-3). It appears that is not yet discerned neighborhood structure between the model, physical reality and metaphysical reality. It also considers that the segment infinite / finite (physical reality model) possible site management, doxastic operating, new emphases on the horizon iterative expected idealization /aspirate. Quasi-complete objectification management decisions can be obtained by iterations and iteration as long as no detectable only certainty in the construction of finite elements, quasi-infinitesimal. Such a view is advanced through the management ranks to the original formula, for the first time, relying on conceptual refinement that pervades the environment, economic and social-productive, generally classified as systemic, for the beginning of the XXI century. Etymological explanatory are described aspects of doxastic and believe that management is global doxastic depositary of conceptual management. Describe the elements that define managerial complexity in terms of using new information technologies, shaping the early conceptual management and doxastic formulas disciplinary explanatory content doxastic management reflected in the conceptual doxometric premises management.
CONSEQUENCES OF META-LINGUISTICS PARTICIPATION ON THE OPERATIONALIZATION OF DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT DOXASTIC LOGIC
Authors: Gaf-Deac Ioan I.
Published: August 2017

The paper starts from the thesis that proves non-invasive behavioral explaining differences, but the existence of operational priorities of the company / entity / enterprise lead to invasiveness. There are no known ways / methods / programming doxastic methods as long as management intervention can be treated as a hub that dominates hypertext / productive economic common rules the world. The phenomenon of identity management is far from meeting the full harmonization attitudinal decision-making process. Doxastic management is a new epistemological covered by copyright scientifically in 2013 (Ioan Gaf-Deac, Fundamentals of Doxastic Management, Ed. FMP, Bucharest, 2013, 508 pp., Sole author, ISBN 978-606-93321-5 -3). The paper described aspects of doxastic procedural behavior, situations tangible managerial decision in doxastic field. They are played and the comparison between deterministic doxastic systems analysis and managerial phenomena is considered to operationalize participation of doxastic meta-linguistic logic of dynamic management. Doxastic management simplicity and demarcation or limitation of positive action by doxastic management round alignments research.
Romania’s Main Role in the Current Global Economic Context
Authors: GURGU Elena , ZORZOLIU Raluca
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this article is to highlight Romania’s role in the current international economic context. The analysis herein refers to the domestic macroeconomic developments of our country in 2015, which will influence in the future the evolution of the Romanian economy. In this article we will cover Romania’s current international position, Romania's external position, the developments in the labour market from Romania, as well as the international context in which our country finds itself also.
ROMANIAN TOURISM MARKETING RESEARCHES
Authors: JELEV Viorica
Published: August 2017

In sustainable development, tourism plays a vital role, with a high contribution in Romania's economic recovery and relaunch. Raising the tourism product of the values enshrined in the corresponding standards and preferences of foreign tourists involves initiating and promoting actions that include, on one hand, workflows education and training of a mentality appropriate current type of development, and on the other hand , emphasizing sustainable development in regions of tourist’s reception. Based on these considerations, this paper aims to determine how the tourism products must be designed from the point of view of marketing, to comply with the principles of sustainability. To this end we analyzed research on consumption of tourist’s services in Romania, made by INSOMAR, and an analysis of the Romanian tourism seen by strangers.
KNOWLEDGE AS INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES TO INCREASE THE COMPANY SUCCESS
Authors: NEGULESCU Oriana Helena
Published: August 2017

In this era, characterized by rapid changes in information and communication technologies and the increasing competition on the global market, the main factor of strategic development of the modern successful company is the development of strategic resources. The most important strategic resource is the people’s expertise that is bringing competitive advantage to the company. The employees’ knowledge accumulation is probably the main tool the management has to consider in designing strategies for company’s growth. However, the employees’ knowledge is contributing to the knowledge based company, as a factor of success. This paper is aiming to emphasize the main concepts regarding the knowledge based company, the profile of a knowledge based company, the importance of employees’ knowledge accumulation for the company’s development and to consider the knowledge as being an investment by training. The return of investment in human resources knowledge is finally analyzed.
CHANGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES RELATED TO THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT COMPLEXITY
Authors: DOVAL Elena
Published: August 2017

The changes in organizations appear as a reaction to the organizational environment changes. In order to manage these changes successfully, the managers need to anticipate and design alternative strategies by preparing different options.  Nevertheless, the complexity of the global environment forces the managers to adopt strategies for their organizations that are facilitating the creation of new strategic competences and competitive advantages to face the environmental rapid changes. In this context, this paper is aiming to illustrate the main directions the change management may consider to change the organization strategies in order to harmonize them to the external environment, such as: integration versus externalization, flexible specialization and flexible organization, standardization versus adaptation, market segmentation, relationship building and maintaining and communication integration.  However, the new strategies are based on a changed attitude of the managers towards the competitive advantage that is dynamic and focused on creation rather then to operations.
UNDERSTANTING THE NOTION OF STATE AID AND ITS CORRECT APPLICATION
Authors: STEFAN Ene Adrian
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present paper emphasizes the need to deepen the understanding of the notion of State Aid according to article 107, paragraph 1 from the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union definition, to correctly harmonize the Romanian legislation with the European one and directly apply it through the Guide Regarding State Aid[1]. The  national implementation of the European recommendations presented here is meant to be achieve through the Emergency Ordinance no. 77/201, and State Aid Schemes Decision no. 807/2014 and 332/2014.[1] Developed by the Competition Council, available only in Romanian.
ETHICS, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CORRUPTION AS RISK FACTORS
Authors: GRIBINCEA Alexandru
Published: August 2017

The financial risk characterises the variability of net profit, subject to the financial structure of the insurance. The capital of the insurance company has two elements (the equity and the borrowed one) that differ fundamentally in the cost they generate. If the company uses loans, it will bear systematically the related financial expenses, too. Through its size and cost, indebtedness leads to the variation and changes the size of financial risk. Resorting to the debt is justified through the high remuneration of equity in relation to borrowed capital, thus increasing the financial return.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN MARKET ECONOMY
Authors: ROŞCA Petru
Published: August 2017

Economic efficiency emerges after comparing the effects of some action with the efforts needed to produce it and has general applicability in decision-making in any country. It can be said that economic efficiency is closely related to the use of resources in the economy and its essential feature is the stress/effects causal ratio.In the competitive system of the free market, the activity of the economic agents provides performance to the extent that it has a high efficiency. Any human activity is, at the same time, resources consuming and effects producing.In the economic theory, the concept of efficiency characterizes the activity developed in various fields: economic, social, educational, health, sports, etc. More concretely, it reflects the physical, intellectual and moral (in the deontological sense) effort made to achieve a goal or the pre-established objective, respectively the relationship between two waves: the resources spent and the resulting effects, expressed in physical (pieces, kg, and meter) or value (lei) units of measurement.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CULTURE IN THE STYLE OF LEADERSHIP
Authors: Gheta Madalina
Published: August 2017

The level of development of a country is defined based on indicators such as population size, GDP and contry area. Although it’s easy to identify countries like the USA, France and Spain that are part of developed countries and countries such as Senegal, Gabon Greece or China ranked as emerging countries, there is no universally accepted definition of developing contries. The “emerging contries” are often listed in terms of their differentiation from the developed contries; A comun problem is that some organizations dont’t take into consideration all the variables, a country located on a higher position in terms of GDP is possible to not have the same position at the social development or quality of life. For the last 25 years China has known continuous economic expansion, it’s forecasted that in the next 20 years it will become one of the world’s superpower. China encountered a relatively fast development after the deployment of the “cultural revolution”.In China, the long standing cultural tradition influences till today the economic area, more than other countries encounter from this category. The youth’s mentality is to learn and to work very well with the solely interest to serve the country completely. This desire of the Chinese people is positively influenced by the state - the Chinese Communist Party encourages the state of raising the development of education and the level of life.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON GLOBAL TOURISM
Authors: Sofronov Bogdan
Published: August 2017

Tourism is an important economic activity in most countries around the world. As well as its direct economic impact,the industry has significant indirect and induced impacts.The outlook for the Tourism sector in 2017 remains robust and will continue to be at the forefront of wealth and employment creation in the global economy, despite the emergence of a number of challenging headwinds.In tourism, GDP growth is expected to accelerate to 3.8%, up from 3.1% in 2016. As nations seem to be looking increasingly inward, putting in place barriers to trade and movement of people, the role of Tourism becomes even more significant, as an engine of economic development and as a vehicle for sharing cultures, creating peace, and building mutual understanding.
Novas Formas de Organização de Empresas
Authors: Teixeira Sebastião L.
Published: August 2017

A estrutura organizacional de uma empresa, podendo assumir uma de várias formas, depende de diversos factores. Sendo o ambiente (a par da estratégia) um dos factores mais influentes, o crescente desenvolvimento tecnológico e as (cada vez mais) rápidas e profundas mudanças, características da nossa época, forçam as empresas a respostas adequadas em termos de organizações flexíveis abertas à aprendizagem, à colaboração e trabalho em equipa. Gerir trabalhadores do conhecimento integrados em redes internas e externas é, simultaneamente, uma tarefa mais difícil mas também mais aliciante.
O Futuro da Filosofia
Authors: Murcho Desidério
Published: August 2017

BRIAN LEITER, autor de Nietzsehe on Morality, declarou recentemente que deixou de fazer sentido distinguir, para efeitos de ranking dos departamentos de filosofia, a chamada «filosofia analítica» da «continental». Esclarecer o significado desta surpreendente declaração servir-nos-á de guia para compreender um conjunto importante de aspectos quanto à natureza e futuro da filosofia.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy in Protocol Graft Kidney Biopsy done at six months Post Transplantation in a Tertiary Care Center Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Midhan , Shah Dibya Singh
Published: August 2017

Background: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage renal disease. The focus of interest has been to increase the life of the transplanted graft. Recurrence of native kidney disease or occurrence of denovo glomerulonephritis has adverse effects in graft survival. Protocol graft biopsy done at fixed time interval after transplantation aids in early identification of post-transplant glomerulonephritis before development of clinical signs and symptoms. This study describes the incidence of post-transplant IgA Nephropathy in protocol renal graft biopsies done at six months post- transplantation.Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based observational descriptive study, done in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, a tertiary medical referral center in the capital. Protocol biopsy of the graft kidney was performed at six months post-transplantation in all recipients who underwent kidney transplantation in this hospital between 2071 Kartik and 2072 Ashwin.Results: Protocol biopsy was performed in total 47 recipients. Mean age of the recipients was 33.7 years ±10.83 years. The study population consisted of 33 (70.2%) male and 14 (29.8%) female recipients. IgA Nephropathy was present in 6 (12.8%) recipients.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that IgA Nephropathy does occur in patients with stable GFR and without any clinical or laboratory abnormalities. Protocol biopsy is valuable in detection of early histologic abnormalities before onset of clinical manifestations, thus helping in prompt management with aim to prolong the graft survival.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017)
Noradrenaline and Albumin for Type 1 Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Prospective Study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sharma Rabin , Pradhan Bickram , Peeyush Denis , Subedi Manish , Sah Sadhana
Published: August 2017

Background : Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis with critically poor prognosis with treatment currently based on vasopressors. We aimed to study the safety and effects of Intravenous Noradrenaline in patients with Type 1 HRS and also to define factors predictive of a response.Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal enrolling patients withType 1 HRSfrom 2014 to 2015. All patients received Noradrenaline (0.5-3 mg/hr, intravenously) and albumin (1 g/kg followed by 20–40 g/day). Primary outcome was improvement of renal function.Results : 60 Type 1 HRS patients were enrolled in the study -37 males (61.7%) and 23 females (38.3%), mean age 58.18±9.33 years. The therapy was well tolerated as only 6.7% of patients withdrew treatment. Reversal of HRS was observed in 38 patients (63.3%) with the mean duration of 6.39±1.33 days. Of the baseline variables, higher urine output, higher mean arterial pressure and lower serum creatininewere predictive of response. Multivariate analysis showed Mean arterial pressure to be an independent variable of response (adjusted odds ratio 0.588, 95% CI- 0.393-0.880, P>0.05). Finally mean arterial pressure had a negative correlation with serum creatinine and a positive correlation with Urine output.Conclusion : Noradrenaline and albumin are safe and effective in improving renal function in patients with Type 1 HRS.There is a need for studies with larger sample size to correlate improvement in renal function with overall survival.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 20-28
Prevalence of Conventional Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Nepal Rajesh , Bista Madhav , Monib Abdul Khaliq , Choudhary Manoj Kumar , Bhattarai Aakriti
Published: August 2017

Background: Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia are known as conventional risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the prevalence of it varies across populations. There is paucity of data in our country about the prevalence of risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aims to assess the prevalence of these conventional risk factors in patients who were admitted in Nobel medical college, with the diagnosis of ACS.Material & Methods: In this observational study, we enrolled 102 patients diagnosed as ACS with stenosis ≥50% of any epicardial arteries as shown on angiography admitted in Nobel Medical College between September 2015 to March 2017 and evaluate the prevalence of conventional risk factors. In addition, we analyzed the lipid profiles within 24 hour of the event.Results: Mean age of the patients was 59 years. Two third (66.7%) of the patients were male. Left anterior descending artery (43.13%) was the most common culprit lesion followed by RCA in 35.29%. Dyslipidemia was present in 73.5%, hypertension in 46.1%, smoking in 38.2% and diabetes in 37.3%. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was similar among male and female. Smoking (44.1%vs26.5%) was more common in male (P=<0.05). TG ≥150 mg/dl was seen in 52% study population and higher level of TG was seen in younger population ≤45 years compared to ≥45 years old (p=0.013).Conclusion: Present study showed high prevalence of hypertension, smoking, diabetes and dyslipidemia in patients with ACS, suggesting the need of aggressive risk factor reduction in general population. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 48-55
Early Educational Exclusion: “Idiotic” and “Imbecilic” Children, Their Families, and the Toronto Public School System, 1914–50
Authors: Ellis Jason
Published: August 2017

This article uses pupil records and patient files from Toronto, along with other sources, to examine the interconnected rise of special education classes and the complete exclusion from public schools of children labelled with a form of mental deficiency referred to as “idiocy” or “imbecility” or later represented by an intelligence quotient below fifty. It was the first provincial special education laws that also enabled schools to legally exclude some children not just from the new special classes but also from public schooling altogether. Drawing on eugenics and the ideas of mental deficiency experts, school officials justified exclusion by claiming that some types of disabled children were “ineducable” – they could not learn or their presence in schools would harm others' learning. The article looks at student experiences to show how exclusion curtailed their schooling. It also examines how families responded to the exclusion. Families were historical actors, despite the limitations imposed on them by their circumstances, by the policies and prevailing attitudes about class, gender, and single mothers, and by the nature of their family member's disability. The article contributes to “the new disability history,” a growing subfield.
Low-Income Dynamics in Canadian Society: Debates on Low-Income Measures and New Empirical Evidence
Authors: Xu Kuan , Ren Jerry
Published: August 2017

In the existing research on poverty/low income, there are emerging initiatives to use multiple thresholds of low income instead of a single threshold and to analyze persistent low income over several years instead of low income in a single year. Although most recent studies have identified low-income incidences for multiple years (at least one year, at least four years, or at least six years) associated with multiple low-income thresholds, they unintentionally bury short-run low-income spells (for one to three years) in longer low-income spells (for four to six years). In this article, we review the debates on measures of low income and attempt to differentiate the short-run low-income spells clearly from their chronic counterparts. We further identify the characteristics of Canadians who are trapped under these two types of low-income spells. Using our approach and the 1999–2007 Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) data, we have found that approximately 73% of low-income Canadians are in short-run low income, while about 27% are in chronic low income. Short-run low income is generally associated with life cycle transitions, while chronic low income is generally associated with certain high-risk groups. These findings are fairly robust across various thresholds of low income.
La reddition de comptes au Gouvernement du Québec sous la Loi sur l’administration publique : Étude comparative de six organismes entre 2000 et 2012
Authors: Luchi Laurentiu Nicolae
Published: August 2017

Depuis l’an 2000, au Québec, les ministères et les organismes publics doivent offrir des comparaisons historiques dans leurs documents de reddition de compte. La présence de comparai-sons externes et de cibles demeure optionnelle. Dans la présente recherche, 98 rapports sur une période de douze ans sont analysés (trois organismes assujettis à la Loi sur l’administration publique et trois organismes non assujettis). Les résultats ne diffèrent pas pour les six organismes. Les comparaisons internes gagnent en popularité avec le temps, mais les comparaisons externes et les cibles ne sont pas présentées aux citoyens.
The Utility of the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) to Detect Cognitive Decline in Non-Demented Older Adults
Authors: Li Clara , Neugroschl Judith , Luo Xiaodong , Zhu Carolyn , Aisen Paul , Ferris Steven , Sano Mary
Published: August 2017

Background:

Subjective cognitive complaint is a sensitive marker of decline.

Objective:

This study aimed to (1) examine reliability of subjective cognitive complaint using the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI), and (2) assess the utility of the CFI to detect cognitive decline in non-demented elders.

Methods:

Data from a four-year longitudinal study at multiple Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) sites were extracted ( n = 644). Of these, 497 had Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) global scores of 0 and 147 had a CDR of 0.5. Mean age and education were 79.5±3.6 and 15.0±3.1 years, respectively. All participants and their study partners completed the subject and study partner CFI yearly. Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (mMMSE) and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) were administered. Scores below the predetermined cut-off scores on either measure at annual visit were triggers for a full diagnostic evaluation. Cognitive decline was defined by the absence/presence of the trigger.

Results:

Three-month test retest reliability showed that inter-class coefficients for subject and study partner CFI were 0.76 and 0.78, respectively. Generalized estimating equation method revealed that both subject and study partner CFI change scores and scores from previous year were sensitive to cognitive decline in the CDR 0 group ( p < 0.05). In the CDR 0.5 group, only the study partner CFI change score predicted cognitive decline ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Cognitive decline was predicted differentially by CDR level with subject CFI scores providing the best prediction for those with CDR 0 while study partner CFI predicted best for those at CDR 0.5.
Simultaneous evaluation of residual stress and plastic deformation in ferromagnetic steel by using an integrated NDE method
Authors: He Manru , Tong Zongfei , Chen Hong-En , Xie Shejuan , Chen Zhenmao
Published: August 2017

To ensure the safety of nuclear power plants, the evaluation of material degradation due to mechanical micro-damages is of great importance. In previous researches, Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods based on electromagnetic material properties such as the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) method, the Magnetic Incremental Permeability (MIP) method and the Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) method were studied to evaluate the plastic deformation in ferromagnetic material such as the Reduced-activation Ferritic/Martensitic (RAFM) steel, which is a candidate fusion reactor material of special material property. However, the residual stress and plastic deformation are indivisible in most practical cases, which make the conventional NDE methods hard to be applied to a satisfactory precision. To develop a method for simultaneous evaluation of residual stress and plastic deformation in a structure of RAFM steel, a hybrid NDE method using the signals of MBN, MIP and MFL methods was proposed and experimentally validated in this paper. At first, an online integrated NDE system of these three magnetic NDE techniques was developed and was adopted to measure the NDE signals during loading process for RAFM steel test-pieces of different residual plastic strains. A strategy to get both the stress and strain information from groups of the measured NDE signals was then proposed and validated. It was demonstrated that the residual stress and plastic deformation can be properly evaluated based on some selected feature parameters of the measured magnetic NDE signals by using the proposed evaluation procedure based on the known NDE calibration information of the target material.
Measurement and modeling of magnetostriction characteristics of highly Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by using round-type two-dimensional single sheet tester
Authors: Zhu Lixun , Yoon Hee-Sung , Koh Chang-Seop
Published: August 2017

Magnetostriction in highly Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet (ESS) is a primary source of vibration and acoustic noise of power transformers at no-load condition. Especially rotating magnetization, as it occurs in joint area of three-phase power transformer, makes the magnetostriction bigger and more complex than that under alternating magnetization. Meanwhile, magnetic flux density along transverse direction makes a lot bigger magnetostriction than that under rolling direction. In this paper, a new measuring system of the magnetostriction are developed for a highly Grain-oriented electric steel sheet (HGO-ESS) of which magnetic domains are bigger in size and higher in degree of alignment than those of a Grain-oriented one. The magnetostriction characteristics of some HGO-ESS are measured by using the developed system under both alternating and rotating magnetic fields. An improved magnetostriction model is also proposed based on the mechanical elasticity, and its effectiveness is validated through comparisons with experimentally measured results from the measuring system.
Comparison of two-dimensional single sheet testers for the measurements of vector hysteresis and magnetostriction characteristics
Authors: Zhu Lixun , Lim Jeonghyeok , Koh Chang-Seop
Published: August 2017

The hysteresis properties of electrical steel sheet (ESS) is very helpful to develop new type electrical machines and improve their performance. Therefore, two-dimensional steel sheet tester (SST) is required to measure the hysteresis properties of ESS. This paper introduces a kind of square type SST, but this SST can only measure the non-oriented and grain-oriented ESS because the size of the specimen is not large enough. To measure highly grain-oriented ESS, a new round type SST which is designed to have broader region of uniform field and allows a larger specimen is proposed in this paper. Meanwhile, magnetostriction properties also can be measured by this round type SST.
Engineering-oriented investigation of magnetic property modeling and application
Authors: Cheng Zhiguang , Forghani Behzad , Wang Xuegang , Liu Lanrong , Liu Tao , Fan Yana , Zhang Junjie , Zhao Xiaojun , Liu Yang
Published: August 2017

This paper discusses engineering-oriented magnetic material property modeling, fully taking into account the requirements posed by industrial applications, involving the magnetic properties measured under both standard and extreme conditions, the combination of material modeling and numerical analysis, and the validation of modeling and simulation. It presents some application notes on typical magnetic measurement and modeling, concerning the Epstein combination and data weighted processing method, the additional iron loss caused by 3-D excitation, the examination of magnetic flux inside laminated stacks, and the effect of both B-H curves and solvers on loss analysis, based on the authors’ recent research. In addition, future research projects on the determination and application of the magnetic material properties, under practical working conditions, are proposed.
Analytical study and corresponding experiments for iron loss inside laminated core under ac-dc hybrid excitation
Authors: Zhao Zhigang , Cheng Z. , Forghani B. , Liu F. , Li Yongjian , Liu L.
Published: August 2017

The modeling and reduction of the iron loss is increasingly concerned in both analysis and design of large electromagnetic devices under today’s extreme excitations. This paper aims to investigate the effective and practical approaches to exactly determine the iron loss inside laminated core under ac-dc hybrid excitation in the numerical analysis, and validate the proposals based on the product-level models.
Basic investigation of deterioration on magnetic properties of laminated iron core after welding process
Authors: Kawaguchi Kohei , Takahashi Yasuhito , Fujiwara Koji , Matsushita Makoto , Takahashi Norio , Tokumasu Tadashi
Published: August 2017

In order to develop a highly efficient motor, it is important to understand the influence of manufacturing processes on the resulting magnetic properties of magnetic materials. The deterioration of magnetic properties of laminated cores due to the welding significantly depends on its process. Therefore, the deterioration of magnetic properties upon the welding process has to be evaluated so as to calculate the iron losses using numerical simulation accurately. First, the iron losses of a single punched steel sheet and stator cores in which some punched steel sheets are stacked and welded are measured. Next, differences of these results are compared to evaluate the influence of welding process. It is confirmed that the lager the number of welding parts is, the larger the deterioration of magnetic properties becomes. Finally, the validity of the measurements is discussed based on iron loss calculations using the finite element method (FEM).
Electromagnetic testing of moisture separator reheater tubes using a bobbin-type integrated Hall sensor array
Authors: Le Minhhuy , Kim Jungmin , Kim Jisoo , Do Hwa-Sik , Lee Jinyi
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an electromagnetic testing method for moisture separator reheater (MSR) tubes, which is based on partial saturation eddy current testing (PSECT). The sensor probe has a permanent magnet that is used to partially saturate the MSR tube material, a bobbin coil is used to supply an alternating electromagnetic field that penetrates into the tube, and a bobbin-type integrated Hall sensor (BIHaS) array is used to measure the radial component of the electromagnetic field distribution in the tube. The BIHaS has 15 Hall sensor elements arrayed at 24[Formula: see text] (2.72 mm) intervals on the circumference to make a 13.5 mm diameter sensor probe. Thus, the spatial resolution of measurement can be improved rather than using a single/differential-type sensing coil as used in conventional PSECT systems. The efficiency of PSECT over magnetic flux leakage testing and eddy current testing is presented. Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation of damage volume can be performed.
Electromagnetic vibration of controllable saturable reactor under different DC control current
Authors: Zhu Lihua , Li Yang , Yang Yimei , Yang Qingxin , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2017

Controllable saturable reactor (CSR) has been developed rapidly because of its continuous adjustable output characteristics. However, the vibration of the saturated core is serious and becomes a bottleneck problem in its application. Electromagnetic vibration analysis become an essential part in designing and manufacturing. In this paper, the electromagnetic vibration of cores and windings of CSR under actual working conditions was numerical calculated and measured. In order to obtain the magnetic properties, magnetization curves under DC bias were got through repeated measuring with different setting and simple calculation. Magnetostriction (MS) was measured by laser interferometer under DC bias. Based on the measured properties under different DC control current, magnetic field was firstly analyzed and the magnetic forces, which include Lorentz, Maxwell and magnetostrictive force, were calculated. Then the vibration of cores and windings due to electromagnetic forces were calculated by using a weak 3D magneto-elastic model under actual working conditions. Finally, the vibration of a CSR, which is a single-phase prototype with 4.4 kVar/220 V, were tested and analyzed. The error between measurement and calculation results is in a reasonable range.