bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Prestressed Cutting of Alloy Ring Parts
Authors: Peng Rui Tao , Li Yang Ge , Tang Xin Zi , Zhou Zhuan
Published: January 2016

In order to solve the poor cutting performance for the titanium alloy and the serious residual tensile stress distribution on the machined surface in cutting titanium alloy, the utilization of prestressed cutting method is proposed to actively control the residual stress distribution status on the machined surface in machining process. Titanium alloy ring parts were pre-stretched at different condition by a lathe-specific pretension device respectively. By the cutting experimental, the cutting force ,chip formation and surface integrity indexes are compared and studied. The results show that in suitable compressive residual stress on machined surface are achieved by utilizing the prestressed cutting method ,meanwhile procedures of residual stress adjustment after machining could be omitted. Furthermore, the magnitude of compressive residual stress could be actively controlled by adjusting the magnitude of prestressed force in certain extent. And uniform saw-tooth chip are generated in prestressed cutting, meanwhile there’s no significant increment of cutting force. Prestressed cutting method could generate good surface integrity.
Annexin A2 Enhances Complement Activation by Inhibiting Factor H
Authors: Renner Brandon , Tong Hua Hua , Laskowski Jennifer , Jonscher Karen , Goetz Lindsey , Woolaver Rachel , Hannan Jonathan , Li Yong Xing , Hourcade Dennis , Pickering Matthew C. , Holers V. Michael , Thurman Joshua M.
Published: January 2016

Factor H is a circulating protein that regulates activation of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement. Mutations and genetic variations of factor H are associated with several AP-mediated diseases, highlighting the critical role of factor H in AP regulation. AP-mediated inflammation is typically triggered by illness or tissue injury, however, and tissue injury can trigger AP activation in individuals with fully functional factor H. This suggests that factor H function is affected by local conditions within tissues. We hypothesized that inducible proteins impair the ability of factor H to locally control the AP, thereby increasing AP activation. We used purified murine factor H to immunoprecipitate binding partners from mouse kidneys. Using immunoaffinity liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, we identified annexin A2 as a factor H binding partner. Further experiments showed that annexin A2 reduces the binding of factor H to cell surfaces. Recombinant annexin A2 impaired complement regulation by factor H and increased complement activation on renal cell surfaces in vitro and in vivo. In a murine model of acute pneumococcal otitis media, the administration of annexin A2 increased AP-mediated bacterial opsonization and clearance. In conclusion, the local production of annexin A2 within tissues suppresses regulation of the AP by factor H. Annexin A2 can contribute to AP-mediated tissue inflammation by locally impairing factor H function, but it can also improve complement-mediated bacterial clearance.
Dietary Vitamin D3 Suppresses Pulmonary Immunopathology Associated with Late-Stage Tuberculosis in C3HeB/FeJ Mice
Authors: Reeme Allison E. , Robinson Richard T.
Published: January 2016

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant human disease caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Left untreated, TB mortality is associated with a failure to resolve pulmonary immunopathology. There is currently widespread interest in using vitamin D3 (VitD3) as an adjunct therapy for TB because numerous in vitro studies have shown that VitD3 has direct and indirect mycobactericidal activities. However, to date, there have been no in vivo studies addressing whether VitD3 affects experimental TB outcome. In this study, we used C3HeB/FeJ mice to determine whether dietary VitD3 influences the outcome of experimental TB. We observed that although M. tuberculosis burdens did not differ between mice on a VitD3-replete diet (VitDHI mice) and mice on a VitD3-deficient diet (VitDLO mice), the inflammatory response in VitDHI mice was significantly attenuated relative to VitDLO controls. Specifically, the expression of multiple inflammatory pathways was reduced in the lungs at later disease stages as were splenocyte IL12/23p40 and IFN-γ levels following ex vivo restimulation. Dietary VitD3 also suppressed the accumulation of T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lung granulomatous regions while concomitantly accelerating the accumulation of F4/80+ and Ly6C/Ly6G+ lineages. The altered inflammatory profile of VitDHI mice also associated with reductions in pulmonary immunopathology. VitD receptor–deficient (vdr−/−) radiation bone marrow chimeras demonstrate that reductions in pulmonary TB immunopathology are dependent on hematopoietic VitD responsiveness. Collectively, our data support a model wherein the in vivo role of VitD3 during TB is not to promote M. tuberculosis killing but rather to function through hematopoietic cells to reduce M. tuberculosis–elicited immunopathology.
PSM Peptides of Staphylococcus aureus Activate the p38–CREB Pathway in Dendritic Cells, Thereby Modulating Cytokine Production and T Cell Priming
Authors: Armbruster Nicole S. , Richardson Jennifer R. , Schreiner Jens , Klenk Juliane , Günter Manina , Kretschmer Dorothee , Pöschel Simone , Schenke-Layland Katja , Kalbacher Hubert , Clark Kristopher , Autenrieth Stella E.
Published: January 2016

The challenging human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has highly efficient immune evasion strategies for causing a wide range of diseases, from skin and soft tissue to life-threatening infections. Phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides are major pathogenicity factors of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. In previous work, we demonstrated that PSMs in combination with TLR2 ligand from S. aureus induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) characterized by the production of high amounts of IL-10, but no proinflammatory cytokines. This in turn promotes the activation of regulatory T cells while impairing Th1 response; however, the signaling pathways modulated by PSMs remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PSMs on signaling pathway modulation downstream of TLR2. TLR2 stimulation in combination with PSMα3 led to increased and prolonged phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, p38, and CREB in mouse bone marrow–derived DCs compared with single TLR2 activation. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 and downstream MSK1 prevented IL-10 production, which in turn reduced the capacity of DCs to activate regulatory T cells. Interestingly, the modulation of the signaling pathways by PSMs was independent of the known receptor for PSMs, as shown by experiments with DCs lacking the formyl peptide receptor 2. Instead, PSMs penetrate the cell membrane most likely by transient pore formation. Moreover, colocalization of PSMs and p38 was observed near the plasma membrane in the cytosol, indicating a direct interaction. Thus, PSMs from S. aureus directly modulate the signaling pathway p38–CREB in DCs, thereby impairing cytokine production and in consequence T cell priming to increase the tolerance toward the pathogen.
Philorhizus occitanus sp. n. from the South-Western Alps (Piedmont, Italy) (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Dromiini)
Authors: Allegro Gianni , Giachino Pier Mauro , Bisio Luigi , Giuntelli Piero
Published: January 2016

Philorhizus occitanus sp. n. from the South-Western Alps (Ellero Valley and Maira Valley) is described. This new species is similar to P. crucifer and P. notatus as far as the external morphology is concerned, but it is distinguished by the color pattern and the shape of elytra, as well as by the features of the median lobe of aedeagus. P. liguricus, which is easily distinguished from P. occitanus sp. n. by the external morphology, was already recorded from the South-Western Alps and from the Ligurian Apennines. P. occitanus sp. n. is a likely close relative of P. notatus, although the affinities of this relict flightless new species remain uncertain.
First record of Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) japonicus in Italy (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: Nardi Gianluca , Badano Davide , De Cinti Bruno
Published: January 2016

Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) japonicus, a species native of the Eastern Palaearctic, is reported for the first time from Italy on the basis of a female specimen collected in a beech forest (Veneto Region, Treviso Province, Foresta del Cansiglio). The possible establishment of this alien species in Italy is briefly discussed.
Biodiversität und Naturausstattung im Himalaya, Band V/Biodiversity and Natural heritage of the Himalayas, Vol. V. Verein der Freunde und Förderer des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt e.V., 580 pp. - Hartmann M., Weipert J. (Eds) 2015
Authors: Carpaneto Giuseppe Maria
Published: January 2016

not required
Evaluation of factors associated with relapse in telaprevir-based triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Kondo C , Atsukawa M , Tsubota A , Shimada N , Abe H , Aizawa Y
Published: January 2016

Background and Rationale:

Most patients with chronic hepatitis C show virological response to telaprevir-based triple therapy, and achieve an end-of-treatment response (ETR). However, some patients showing ETR develop virological relapse. This study was carried out to evaluate factors associated with relapse after triple therapy.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, multicentric study was conducted in chronic hepatitis C patients who received telaprevir-based triple therapy. We evaluated independent variables such as age, with or without cirrhosis, prior treatment response to interferon (IFN) therapy, IL28B genotype, core amino acid (aa) 70 mutation, drug adherence, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level. The characteristics of the patients who relapsed after achieving ETR were compared with those who did not.

Results:

Among 168 patients, 157 patients achieved ETR (93.5%) and 11 discontinued. Of these 157 patients, relapse occurred in 21 patients (13.4%). Nineteen patients (90.5%) of 21 relapsed patients had the IL28B non-TT genotype (P = 1.79 × 10 -9). Multivariate analysis identified core amino acid 70 [P = 0.018, crude odds ratio (OR): 6.927] and the IL28B genotype (P = 3.758 × 10 -5, crude OR: 39.311) as significantly independent factors that influenced the relapse-related variables. Among the 49 patients with the IL28B non-TT, 18 patients had core aa70 mutation and 31 patients had core aa70 wild-type. In addition, 66.7% (12/18) of those with core aa70 mutation and 22.6% (7/31) of those with core aa70 wild-type developed relapse (P = 0.005).

Discussion:

Core aa70 mutation and the IL28B non-TT genotype were identified as independent factors that influenced relapse after achievement of ETR for telaprevir-based triple therapy.
Simplifying the upper limb peripheral motor screen
Authors: Kurmis AP , Kurmis TP
Published: January 2016

The well-recognized erosion of pathoanatomic correlations in basic medical training, combined with the increasing everyday pressures of time-efficacy in patient examination, continue to place strain on junior clinicians. Over the years, many refinements to tried-and-true basic physical examination techniques have been described, allowing improvement in diagnostic yield. A multitude of "screening" techniques are available for physical assessment; however, such approaches are often nonstandardized and inconsistently taught and applied in the clinical realm. Great interexaminer inconsistency in the documentation of many forms of screening techniques also substantively undermines their respective clinical value. The current work presents a novel refinement/combination of previously described examination approaches for the assessment of peripheral upper limb (UL) motor function - the "K" sign. Having been successfully applied in both the acute and ambulatory clinical settings for several years, we feel that the technique has a useful role as a rapid and specific screening technique that is easily taught, learnt, and applied. Arguably, its employment serves to improve time efficacy in the screening examination, and may even improve diagnostic yield through its reliable reproducibility and provision of direct bilateral comparison. Its inherent simplicity also lends itself well to high levels of uptake (and retention) by medical students and junior clinicians alike. On top of presenting the simple screening test itself, we offer a simple means of subsequent notation for the patient's case note record, again in the hope of standardization and endurance of clinical value beyond the time of patient examination.
Demographic and histopathologic profile of pediatric brain tumors: A hospital-based study
Authors: Shah Harshil C. , Ubhale Bhushan P. , Shah Jaimin K.
Published: January 2016

Background: Very few hospital-based or population-based studies are published in the context to the epidemiologic profile of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) in India and Indian subcontinent. Aim: To study the demographic and histopathologic profile of PBTs according to World Health Organization 2007 classification in a single tertiary health care center in India. Materials and Methods: Data regarding age, gender, topography, and histopathology of 76 pediatric patients (0–19 years) with brain tumors operated over a period of 24 months (January-2012 to December-2013) was collected retrospectively and analyzed using EpiInfo 7. Chi-square test and test of proportions (Z-test) were used wherever necessary. Results: PBTs were more common in males (55.3%) as compared to females (44.7%) with male to female ratio of 1.23:1. Mean age was 10.69 years. Frequency of tumors was higher in childhood age group (65.8%) when compared to adolescent age group (34.2%). The most common anatomical site was cerebellum (39.5%), followed by hemispheres (22.4%). Supratentorial tumors (52.6%) were predominant than infratentorial tumors (47.4%). Astrocytomas (40.8%) and embryonal tumors (29.0%) were the most common histological types almost contributing more than 2/3rd of all tumors. Craniopharyngiomas (11.8%) and ependymomas (6.6%) were the third and fourth most common tumors, respectively. Conclusion: Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas are the most common tumors among children and adolescents in our region, which needs special attention from the neurosurgical department of our institute. Demographic and histopathologic profile of cohort in the present study do not differ substantially from that found in other hospital-based and population-based studies except for slight higher frequency of craniopharyngiomas.
Prospective randomized trial to compare the outcome and tolerability of delivering the same total dose of radiation in 61/2 weeks versus 51/2 weeks time in head and neck cancers
Authors: Gupta Manoj , Vats Siddharth , Bhattacharyya Tapesh , Seem Rajeev K. , Gupta Manish , Mahajan Rohit
Published: January 2016

Background: Concurrent chemoradiation is currently considered to be the standard of care in the treatment of head and neck cancer. In developing countries like ours, a good number of patients cannot tolerate chemoradiation because of the poor general condition and financial constraints. Those patients are treated with radiation alone. The optimum radiotherapy (RT) schedule for best local control and acceptable toxicity is not yet clear. We aimed to find out whether shortening of treatment time using six instead of five RT fractions per week improves the locoregional control in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized study for a period of 2 years from September 2007 to August 2009 in 109 untreated patients of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck with histologically confirmed diagnosis and no evidence of distant metastasis. Study group (55 patients) received accelerated RT with 6 fractions per week (66 Gy/33#/51/2 weeks). Control group (54 patients) received conventional RT with 5 fractions per week (66 Gy/33#/61/2 weeks). Tumor control, survival, acute and late toxicities were assessed. Results: At a median follow-up of 43 months, 29 patients (52.7%) in the 6 fractions group and 24 patients (44.4%) in the 5 fractions group were disease-free (P = 0.852). The benefit of shortening was higher for advanced disease control though it was not statistically significant. Grade 3 and 4 skin toxicity was significantly higher in the accelerated RT (70.9%) arm as compared to conventional (35.1%) arm (P = 0.04). Grade 3 mucositis was significantly higher in the accelerated RT arm (32.7% vs. 16.6%; P = 0.041). Those acute toxicities were managed conservatively. There was no difference in late toxicities between the two arms. Conclusion: Use of 6 fractions per week instead of 5 fractions per week is feasible, tolerable, and results in a better outcome in the patients of head and neck cancers.
Minimal invasive gastric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Bushan Kirti , Sharma Sanjay , Attarde Niket
Published: January 2016

Background: As an alternate to open surgery, laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is currently being performed in many centers, and has gained a wide clinical acceptance. The aim of this review article is to compare oncologic adequacy and safety of LG with open surgery for gastric adenocarcinomas with respect to lymphadenectomy, short-term outcomes (postoperative morbidity and mortality) and long-term outcome (5 years overall survival and disease-free survival). Materials and Methods: PubMed was searched using query “LG” for literature published in English from January 2000 to April 2014. A total of 875 entries were retrieved. These articles were screened and 59 manuscripts ultimately formed the basis of current review. Results: There is high-quality evidence to support short-term efficacy, safety and feasibility of LG for gastric adenocarcinomas, although accounts on long-term survivals are still infrequent.
Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders in workers of Udupi taluk
Authors: Kumar Yeturu Sravan , Acharya Shashidhar , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy
Published: January 2016

Objective: The objective was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of oral potentially malignant disorders (PMD) among industrial workers of Udupi taluk, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of industrial workers aged >18 years from randomly selected industries in Udupi Taluk. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the participants to assess sociodemographic factors and abusive habits (Tobacco, Alcohol, and Betel quid) followed by clinical oral examination by single trained and calibrated examiner. Results: A total of 396 completed all steps of the survey and were included for analysis. A total of 14, 11.4, and 14.4% were tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid users, respectively. A total of 8.6% (n = 34) have at least one PMD. A significantly higher number of participants with single (11.4%) or combined habits (60.4%) had oral lesions while none of the participants without habits reported any oral lesions (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of abusive habits and oral premalignant lesions or conditions was substantial among the workers. The cause and effect relationship and dose-response were also shown to be significantly associated. Prevention and early diagnosis through workplace screening are the major cornerstones for the control of oral cancer.
Promoting Policy and Environmental Change in Faith-Based Organizations: Description and Findings From a Mini-Grants Program
Authors: Arriola Kimberly R. Jacob , Hermstad April , Flemming Shauna St.Clair , Honeycutt Sally , Carvalho Michelle L. , Cherry Sabrina T. , Davis Tamara , Frazier Sheritta , Escoffery Cam , Kegler Michelle C.
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

The Emory Prevention Research Center’s Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network mini-grant program funded faith-based organizations to implement policy and environmental change to promote healthy eating and physical activity in rural South Georgia. This study describes the existing health promotion environment and its relationship to church member behavior.

Design.

Cross-sectional.

Setting.

Data were obtained from parishioners of six churches in predominantly rural South Georgia.

Subjects.

Participants were 319 church members with average age of 48 years, of whom 80% were female and 84% were black/African-American.

Measures.

Questionnaires assessed perceptions of the existing church health promotion environment relative to nutrition and physical activity, eating behavior and intention to use physical activity facilities at church, and eating and physical activity behaviors outside of church.

Analysis.

Multiple regression and ordinal logistic regression using generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustered data.

Results.

Results indicate that delivering messages via sermons and church bulletins, having healthy eating programs, and serving healthy foods are associated with participants’ self-reported consumption of healthy foods at church (all p values ≤ .001). Serving more healthy food and less unhealthy food was associated with healthier eating in general but not to physical activity in general (p values ≤ .001).

Conclusion.

The church environment may play an important role in supporting healthy eating in this setting and more generally.
Toward Effective Water Pipe Tobacco Control Policy in the United States: Synthesis of Federal, State, and Local Policy Texts
Authors: Colditz Jason B. , Ton Jessica N. , James A. Everette , Primack Brian A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

Water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is growing in popularity among U.S. young adults and is associated with health risks similar to those of cigarette smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine existing tobacco control policies (TCPs) in order to investigate how they engage WTS.

Approach.

A systematic synthesis of content and legal interactions among federal, state, and local TCP documents.

Setting.

Pennsylvania, which represents a politically and demographically diverse microcosm of the United States.

Participants.

No human subjects.

Method.

Federal and state TCPs were retrieved via public legal repositories. Local policy searches were conducted via county/municipal Web sites, inclusive of 13 localities that had autonomous health departments or existing TCPs based on a National Cancer Institute report. Full-text TCPs were double coded within a grounded theory framework for health policy analysis. Emergent codes were used to compare and contrast policy texts and to examine legal interactions among TCPs.

Results.

Examination of policy categories including youth access, use restrictions, and taxation revealed WTS as largely omitted from current TCPs. WTS was sometimes addressed as an “other” tobacco product under older TCPs, though ambiguities in language led to questionable enforceability. State preemptions have rolled back or prevented well-tailored reforms at the local level. Federal preemptions have likewise constrained state TCPs.

Conclusion.

Outdated, preempted, and unclear policies limit the extent to which TCPs engage WTS. Health advocates might target these aspects of TCP reform.
Combined Associations of Muscle-Strengthening Activities and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity on Multimorbidity: Findings From NHANES
Authors: Dankel Scott J. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: January 2016

Purpose.

Physical activity (PA) has previously been demonstrated to be inversely related with multimorbidity (having more than one chronic disease); however, it is unknown whether dual participation in both PA and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) may further reduce the odds of being multimorbid. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the association between multimorbidity and individuals meeting recommended guidelines for both PA and MSA.

Design.

Nonexperimental.

Setting.

The 2003–2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.

Subjects.

Four thousand five hundred eighty-seven adults aged ≥20 years.

Measures.

Accelerometry-measured PA, self-reported MSA, and multimorbidity.

Analysis.

Data were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression.

Results.

The odds (95% confidence interval) of being multimorbid for those only meeting MSA guidelines, only meeting PA guidelines, and meeting both PA and MSA guidelines (vs. not meeting either), respectively, were .69 (.48, .98; p = .04), .55 (.44, .70; p < .01), and .38 (.27, .53; p < .01).

Conclusion.

Our findings demonstrate that individuals meeting recommended guidelines for both MSA and PA were less likely to be multimorbid than individuals participating in one or none of these exercise modalities. Determining effective ways to initiate and maintain concurrent adoption of MSA and PA is needed to provide a cost-effective behavioral alternative for reducing the prevalence of multimorbidity.
TEORIA CRÍTICA, FORMAÇÃO, INDIVÍDUO E PRECONCEITO: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS ESCOLAS DA REGIÃO NORTE (PA/BR)
Authors: Crochík José Leon , Giordano Rosely
Published: January 2016

O tema deste artigo – vinculado à pesquisa Educação e Políticas Públicas: exclusão social e educação inclusiva em escolas da região Norte (PA/BR), que constitui um dos subprojetos abrigados na investigação Preconceito em relação aos ‘incluídos’ na educação inclusiva, em curso em nível (inter) nacional – incide sobre a questão da educação inclusiva. Elegemos como problema para discussão o da relação entre exclusão e inclusão social, no sentido de pensarmos – fundamentando-nos em fontes documentais, em artigos e/ou obras afins, bem como em dados empíricos já coletados – se outras formas de exclusão podem ter origem (tendência intencional ou não) nas atuais formas/conteúdos da inclusão, dada a existência do preconceito, tomado como hipótese central da referida pesquisa. Importa-nos contribuir para a formação (no sentido atribuído a esse conceito pelos frankfurtianos) dos trabalhadores da educação haja vista a importância do enfrentamento de atitudes preconceituosas no interior do processo educativo formal. Os resultados parciais da pesquisa indicam a relevância da teoria para a compreensão do objeto de que nos ocupamos, isto é, o preconceito que pode recair sobre os alunos considerados em situação de inclusão nas escolas regulares, bem como para a da leitura que sobre a educação inclusiva se tem feito.
Performance management practices and its impact on Banks’ performance in Pakistan
Authors: Yaseen Ayesha
Published: January 2016

Purpose-This descriptive research analysis the best performance management practice and its impact on employee motivation, loyalty, efficiency and effectiveness in banking sector of Pakistan and suggesting new methods for improving their performance management systems.Design/Methodology- Researcher has used the qualitative research methodology in which Content Analysis technique is being used to interpret data. Questionnaire and Semi-structured Interviews were also conducted from the middle management according to the needs and purpose of the research.Findings: Research findings shows that there is a positive relationship between Loyalty, Motivation and Effectiveness with true Performance Management Systems. Analysis of the data also shows that absence of guidance and feedback in current appraisal system leads to dissatisfaction amongst employees.Practical implications-Current research may be used by HR managers to identify and improve performance management systems to develop employee motivation and loyalty as well as they can build trust, believe in and support the current performance process by implicating new suggestions and solutions. It also provides the literature for future researches.
Recruitment and selection process of higher education sector and its impact on organizational outcomes
Authors: Yaseen Ayesha
Published: January 2016

This research examines the recruitment and selection practices followed in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Today education is the corner stone of societal reforms in Pakistan and effective teachers are the backbone of educational reforms. HEIs need significant developmental measures and this paper will provide recommendations to improve the recruitment and selection process promoting the competent and talented teachers so that higher education sector can play its part in economic growth. The research methodology applied is exploratory. This research based on primary as well as secondary data collected from newly hired university lecturers, Managerial staff, internet and online journals and research papers. Data analysis has been done with the help of SPSS software. Research concluded that recruitment and selection process of HEIs adopt systematic system but there is a room for improvement. At times this process is influenced by political factors. This research will help in promoting active constructive researches on education sector as well as the fair and corruption less recruitment and selection processes of HEIs.
The Pain and Daily Consequences of Living with Endometriosis: A Qualitative Online Survey of Women in China, France and Russia
Authors: Chapron Charles , Santulli Pietro , Cabri Patrick
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Endometriosis, a costly public health problem that is painful and impacts daily living and fertility, is poorly understood and managed. This study aimed to understand the impact of endometriosis on women from three culturally and economically differing regions (China, France and Russia).

Methods

A 16-part questionnaire, administered to women aged 18-50 years, examined knowledge of endometriosis, diagnosis, and impact on activities of daily living.

Results

2002 Chinese, 4001 French and 2005 Russian women completed the survey. Ninety percent of respondents had heard of endometriosis in China, 61% in Russia and 54% in France. Questioning about family history was low in France and Russia. Most women were diagnosed within five years; although 15% of French women waited >10 years for diagnosis. The numbers of women diagnosed with the different types of endometriosis were similar in China and Russia, respectively: 84% and 77% with superficial endometriosis; 22% and 23% with endometrioma; and 1% and 2% with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE); French women had a higher incidence of endometriomas (41%) and DIE (16%), with only 46% reporting superficial endometriosis. Most women received endometriosis treatment, although it varied by country. All women reported difficulties discussing endometriosis. Reasons included the feeling that it is normal to have pain during periods; >50% reported an impact on well-being, physical condition, morale and sex life.

Conclusions

This survey highlights important national differences in endometriosis awareness, perceptions and management, and reminds us that it may not be clinically meaningful to extrapolate data from one country to another.
Diagnosis and Management of Genitourinary Stone in Vesicovaginal Fistula Tract
Authors: Lee Toy , Jurnalov Catalin
Published: January 2016

We present a case of a stone discovered in a vesicovaginal fistula after a total abdominal hysterectomy.

Case

A 53-year-old woman presented with complaints of severe urinary incontinence, dyspareunia, and post-coital bleeding after hysterectomy. Her partner reported pain with intercourse as well. Physical examination revealed urinary stone wrapped around permanent suture within the vesicovaginal fistula tract. Patient was taken to the operating room for repair of the vesicovaginal fistula, anterior colporrhaphy and cystoscopy.
FIRST RECORD OF A LARVAL PARASITOID PERILAMPIDAE (HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: De Oliveira Roque Fabio , Trivinho-Strixino Susana
Published: January 2016

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CHIRONOMIDS OF TROPICAL RICE FIELDS IN THE NORTH MALAYSIAN PENINSULA
Authors: Al-Shami Salman , Md Rawi Che Salmah , Mohd Nor Siti Azizah , Ahmed Abu Hassan
Published: January 2016

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Whole issue
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn
Published: January 2016

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SUBFOSSIL CHIRONOMIDS FROM 18 LAKES IN SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN FINLAND
Authors: Luoto Tomi P.
Published: January 2016

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DIAHELIOTAXIS AND OMBROPHOBIA IN AN ANTHOPHILOUS HIGH ARCTIC MIDGE, SMITTIA VELUTINA (LUNDBECK, 1898) (CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Kevan Peter G. Kevan
Published: January 2016

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Whole issue
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn
Published: January 2016

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FIRST RECORD OF CHIRONOMIDAE LARVAE (INSECTA: DIPTERA) AS PARATENIC HOST
Authors: Da Silva Fabio Laurindo , De Oliveira Roque Fabio , Fonseca Gessner Alaíde Aparecida
Published: January 2016

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DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW DESIGN OF AN INSECTARY MODEL FOR REARING AND
Authors: Nath B. B. , Thorat Leena , Babrekar Ananda , Datkhile Kailash , Ghadge Ashok , Gaikwad Rahul , Meshram D. C.
Published: January 2016

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SYNONYMY OF CHIRONOMUS PLUMATISETIGERUS TOKUNAGA, 1964,
Authors: Martin Jon , Saxena Sumitra
Published: January 2016

CURRENT RESEARCH
CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY: 06 OCT. 2008 - 20 OCT. 2009
Authors: Hoffrichter Odwin
Published: January 2016

In addition to supplements to the last two preceding years the publications of the present year are shown:almost one citation per day, which gives the average speed of publishing with regard to chironomids. Thecompilation was achieved, as usual, from many sources: databases, tables of contents of journals,references and citations of papers, inspection of many periodicals, lists and pdf's provided by authors(thanks to you!). In particular, publisher issued search alerts proved to be rich in results. As a rule, onlyprinted titles are reported here with the occasional, but obviously increasing, exception of online-onlyjournals (PLoS or BioMed Central journals, e.g.). Titles announced "in press", even with available DOInumbers, are not considered before printing. In general, online information should be retrieved elsewhere;best check the chironomid home page for eventual references regularly, or use individual websites with ahost of chironomid-related data. Publications using chironomids as prey or food for animals are nottreated comprehensively; in particular, studies with frozen midge larvae only for use to feed experimentalanimals are totally disregarded.
News
Authors: Various authors .
Published: January 2016

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Whole issue
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn , Langton Peter H
Published: January 2016

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Short comment on chironomid assemblages and stratigraphy of high altitude lakes from Tibet
Authors: Hamerlík Ladislav , Christoffersen Kirsten S. , Brodersen Klaus P.
Published: January 2016

A recent chironomid record of three shallow, highaltitude lakes in southern Tibet, as well as a shortpalaeolimnological history of one lake, are presented.The recent chironomid assemblages consistedof 13 taxa; one of the Orthocladiinae taxarecorded most likely represents a new species. Inspite of the low head capsule concentration in thesediment core of Lake Karuugema, probably dueto physical disturbance, redistribution and outwashof head capsules, there was a trend from assemblagescomposed of stenothermal/rheophilictaxa to eurythermal/limnophilic taxa. This shiftin assemblage structure suggests that changes inmonsoon precipitation and catchment hydrologymay have influenced the habitat conditions of thechironomids.
Deadheads at high altitude: Summary from the 10th Workshop on Subfossil Chironomidae, Finse, Norway, 2011.
Authors: Brodersen Klaus Peter
Published: January 2016

Summary from the 10th Workshop on Subfossil Chironomidae, Finse, Norway, 2011.
WHOLE ISSUE
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn , Langton Peter H.
Published: January 2016

CHIRONOMUS Newsletter on Chironomidae Research number 24. Complete issue.
Chironomidae (Diptera) in the Himalayan Lakes – A study of sub-fossil assemblages in the sediments of two high altitude lakes from Nepal
Authors: Sharma Subodh , Gresens Susan , Janecek Berthold
Published: January 2016

Chironomid head capsules were identified from sediment cores taken from Lake Gokyo (4750 m) and Lake Gosaikunda (4350 m) in the east-central Himalaya, to determine taxonomic composition of chironomid assemblages over time.  The sedimentation rate of Lake Gosaikunda was estimated at 0.05 cm/yr and that of Gokyo was estimated at 0.07 cm/yr by 210Pb and 137Cs dating.  Micropsectra sp. was dominant in the sediments of both lakes.  Lake Gokyo sediments also contained Pseudodiamesa sp., Eukiefferiella/Tvetenia sp., Orthocladius/Cricotopus sp. and Rheocricotopus sp.  The concentration of headcapsules was nearly an order of magnitude greater in the Lake Gosaikunda core, which contained mostly Micropsectra sp. and Pseudodiamesa sp.  These taxa are typical of cold oligotrophic lakes.  Differences in lake depth, dissolved minerals, plus epi- and hypolimnetic temperature and dissolved oxygen suggest that stratification and temperature-induced increases in primary production may affect chironomid assemblages in these pristine lakes.  Palaeolimnological studies of Himalayan lakes should include replicate cores within lake, to increase headcapsule sample sizes given potentially high rates of sedimentation from glacial runoff. Key words: high altitude lakes, Himalaya, Chironomidae, palaeolimnology, Nepal
Chironomus 25, whole issue
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn , Langton Peter
Published: January 2016

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A contribution towards a revision of West Palaearctic Procladius Skuse (Diptera:Chironomidae)
Authors: Langton Peter H. , Bitusik Peter , Mitterova Juliana
Published: January 2016

A key is given for the known pupal exuviae of West Palaearctic Procladius (Holotanypus).
Subfossil chironomids from Kamchatka
Authors: Nazarova Larisa
Published: January 2016

Chironomid head capsules from surface sediments in Kamchatka reflect a rich and diverse fauna. We observed a relatively high abundance of head capsules from the subfamily Diamesinae. An unknown morphotype of Tanytarsini, 'Tanytarsini type klein', was found in the lake sediments of two lakes from Central and southern Kamchatka.
Literary Representation of the Relationship between Man and Nature in Guo Muoruo’s Poetry Anthology The Goddess
Authors: Zhang Chunyan
Published: January 2016

One of the distinct characteristics of Chinese culture has always been its emphasis on the harmony of man with nature (tianren heyi天人合一). This is still widely accepted in Chinese intellectual discourse. However, few scholars have noticed that a new attitude towards the relationship between human beings and nature, which emphasizes the “greatness” of man and the battle against nature, began to germinate in the 1920s. In Chinese culture, the earliest and most impressive manifestation of this attitude was in Chinese literature. The literary revolution foreshadowed the overall intellectual movement of the “New Culture”. Guo Moruo’s (郭沫若1892-1978) poetry anthology The Goddess (Nüshen女神) (1921) was a representative example. It constructed the “greatness” of man and the myth of “man battling against nature” effectively by elevating the status of man in nature. This paper discusses how Guo Muoruo’s ideas related to the social ideologies of the time (e.g. nationalism, Westernization, Romanticism, Expressionism, Marxism and leftist politics). Guo is a case study, demonstrating how social and political change influenced Chinese artistic expression in the 1920s and the 1930s.
English Perceptive Teaching of Middle School in China —Based on an Empirical Study
Authors: Lifen He , Junying Yong
Published: January 2016

Perception is the reconstruction and interaction between the new information and prior knowledge in mind or in the process of internalization about the new information. It has three teaching procedures: First, teachers elicit the learners to acquire text meaning. Second, teachers create situation in practical teaching. Third, learners comprehend text information to get the internal values in individuals. An empirical study proves that the English perceptive teaching can help to develop the learners’ cognitive abilities and emotion harmoniously. This thesis analyzes the results of the empirical study, finds the problems, and gives some suggestions to the English perceptive teaching in middle schools.
Importance of Client Orientation Domains in Non-Clinical Quality of Care: A Household Survey in High and Low Income Districts of Mashhad
Authors: Fazaeli Somayeh , Yousefi Mehdi , Banikazemi Seyed Hasan , Ghazizadeh Hashemi Seyed Amir Hossein , Vakilzadeh Ali Khorsand , Hoseinzadeh Aval Narges
Published: January 2016

Responsiveness introduced by WHO as a key indicator to assess the performance of health systems and measures by common set of domains that are categorized in to two main categories “Respect for persons” and “client orientation”. This study measured importance of client orientation domains in high and low income districts of Mashhad. In this cross-sectional and explanatory study, Sample of 923 households were selected randomly from two high and low income districts of Mashhad. World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire was used for data collection. Standard frequency analyses and Ordinal logistic regression (OLR) was employed for data analysis. In general, respondents selected quality of basic amenities as the most important domain and access to social support networks was identified as the least important domain. Households in high income area scored higher domains of prompt attentions and choice Compared to low income. There was a significant relationship between variables of ages, having member that need to care and self-assessed health with the ranking of client orientation domains.

Study of households’ view on ranking of non-clinical aspects of quality of care, especially when faced with limited resources, can help to conduct efforts towards subjects that are more important, and lead to improve the health system performance and productivity.
Risk Factors for and Barriers to Control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi Population
Authors: Alneami Yahya Mari , Coleman Christopher L.
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is dramatically increasing in urban areas within Saudi Arabia. Hence, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem. Understanding the major risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies to prevent, control, and reduce in the burden of disease cases.

OBJECTIVE: To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: The literature search was conducted on risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (2007-2015). The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 70 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. 

RESULTS: The literature review revealed that obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and aging are the major risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Further, the review allocated a complex set of barriers including, lack of education, social support, and healthy environment. These barriers may hinder Saudis with Type-2 Diabetes from controlling their disease.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is high among the Saudi population and represents a major public health problem. Effective research programs are needed to address the modifiable risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi population.
The Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Family Planning among Girls and Young Women in the Philippines
Authors: Tsai Laura Cordisco , Cappa Claudia , Petrowski Nicole
Published: January 2016

This study explored the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and family planning among adolescent girls and young women in formal unions in the Philippines. Analyzing a sample (n =1,566) from the 2013 Philippines Demographic and Health Survey, logistic regression models were separately run for current contraception use and unmet need for family planning on recent physical violence (yes/no), recent sexual violence (yes/no), and recent emotional (yes/no). Findings revealed that the odds of using contraception were significantly higher among girls and young women who reported recent physical IPV (OR=1.84; 95% CI=1.13, 2.99; p<0.05) and sexual IPV (OR=2.18; 95% CI=1.17, 4.06; p<0.05). No significant relationship between recent emotional IPV and contraception use was found. Having an unmet need for family planning showed no significant relationship to IPV. The study adds to a growing body of literature revealing a positive association between IPV and contraception use. Findings hold implications for the provision of family planning services for adolescents and young women in response to the recent passage of landmark legislation pertaining to reproductive health in the Philippines, the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act. 
Exploring the Lived Experience, Meaning and Imperatives of Fatherhood: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Eskandari Narges , Simbar Masoumeh , Vadadhir Abou Ali , Baghestani Ahmad Reza
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: There have been considerable changes in the concept and meaning of fatherhood in the past few decades and a lot of studies has down in this area, but there is no information about fathering and fatherhood from Iranian perspective, thus present study designed to explore the men's understanding of fathering and paternal role during their first year of transition to parenthood.

METHOD: This phenomenological study included accounts of 17 Iranian fathers, who had experienced fathering for the first time. Data was analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach.

RESULTS: The results reveal that a father is a man who reproduces a child and accepts the responsibility for supporting his family as the fulcrum. A father is a good-tempered, faithful, patient and hardworking man with essential knowledge and proficiency. A father should accept his role as the father. He is also expected to participate actively in dealing with family daily issues, value and promote the health and well-being of his children, and have skills of self-management and self-care.

CONCLUSION: Iranian fathers not only committed to play their traditional roles and responsibilities, but also welcome new roles such as constantly being with their children and providing emotional support to them.
The Pattern of Road Traffic Crashes in South East Iran
Authors: Rad Mahdieh , Martiniuk Alexandra LC , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Mohammadi Mahdi , Rashedi Fariborz , Ghasemi Ardavan
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: In the present study, the epidemiologic aspects of road traffic crashes in South East of Iran are described.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included the profile of 2398 motor vehicle crashes recorded in the police office in one Year in South East of Iran. Data collected included: demographics, the type of crash, type of involved vehicle, location of crash and factors contributing to the crash. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

RESULTS: Collisions with other vehicles or objects contributed the highest proportion (62.4%) of motor vehicle crashes. Human factors including careless driving, violating traffic laws, speeding, and sleep deprivation/fatigue were the most important causal factors accounting for 90% of road crashes. Data shows that 41% of drivers were not using a seat belt at the time of crash. One- third of the crashes resulted in injury (25%) or death (5%).

CONCLUSIONS: Reckless driving such as speeding and violation of traffic laws are major risk factors for crashes in the South East of Iran. This highlights the need for education along with traffic law enforcement to reduce motor vehicle crashes in future.