bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Derivatization for Polar Metabolome Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Li Liang
Published: July 2021

A typical metabolome sample contains many polar metabolites. Chemical derivatization of these metabolites offers a viable option to improve their analysis. Because of diverse chemical structures of metabolites, development of new or improved derivatization reagents and methods for analyzing polar metabolites is an active research area. Various derivatization methods targeting different functional groups have been reported. This chapter highlights some of the methods for targeted polar metabolite analysis. For untargeted analysis, a high-performance chemical isotope labeling approach for analyzing both polar and less-polar metabolites together in a reversed-phase LC–MS setup is described.
More with Less: Single-cell Metabolomics by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Verschoor V. L. , Shimizu Y. , Emara S. , Ali A. , Hankemeier T.
Published: July 2021

With the advent of techniques such as fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and single-cell transcriptomics, research on the single-cell scale has become increasingly prevalent. Analysis of cells on a single-cell scale allows for accurate representation of the phenotype of rare cells, or cells in a heterogeneous population, which are often reduced to background signal when measured with traditional bulk analysis approaches. One approach particularly suited to describe the phenotype of single cells is single-cell metabolomics. Metabolites, compared to RNA and proteins, have fast turnover times, and metabolite levels can change quickly in response to cellular processes or stimuli. As such, the metabolome can serve as a powerful tool describing the cell's immediate state and phenotype. An inherent challenge of the metabolome's plasticity, however, is the risk of perturbing the metabolome by sampling and measuring a cell. As such, correct sampling and analysis strategies are essential to the outcome of a single-cell metabolomics experiment. In this chapter, we discuss the advantages and challenges of single-cell metabolomics and highlight several successful approaches and their uses.
Lysosome targeting, Cr(vi) and l-AA sensing, and cell imaging based on N-doped blue-fluorescence carbon dots
Authors: Shi Lihong , Dong Xiaorui , Zhang Guomei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Caihong , Dong Chuan , Shuang Shaomin
Published: July 2021

N-doped blue-fluorescence carbon dots (N-CDs) were fabricated via a one-pot hydrothermal method using folic acid and p-phenylenediamine.
Nonlinear features of Fano resonance: a QM/EM study
Authors: Sun Jin , Ding ZongLing , Yu YuanQin , Liang WanZhen
Published: July 2021

The feature of the Fano resonance and the influence of quantum interferences on the absorption lineshapes have been revealed.
Homogeneous nucleation of sheared liquids: advances and insights from simulations and theory
Authors: Goswami Amrita , Singh Jayant K.
Published: July 2021

Computational approaches for analyzing the homogeneous nucleation of sheared simple liquids are reviewed. We examine underlying mechanisms and effects of flow. The experimental scope and sheared nucleation of polymers and glasses are also covered.
Chemical synthesis of unique intermetallic TiFe nanostructures originating from the morphology of oxide precursors
Authors: Kobayashi Yasukazu , Teah Heng Yi , Hanada Nobuko
Published: July 2021

TiFe nanostructures where prepared at temperatures as low as 600 °C with a Ti–Fe precursor and a CaH2 reducing agent in molten LiCl. For the first time an intermetallic compound with a unique layered morphology was found which could have originated from the FeTiO3 precursor.
The effectiveness of Soxhlet extraction as a simple method for GO rinsing as a precursor of high-quality graphene
Authors: Trolles-Cavalcante Shimon Y. T. , Dutta Asmita , Sofer Zdenek , Borenstein Arie
Published: July 2021

Graphite-oxide (GO) is a valuable compound produced by the chemical oxidation of graphite. The procedure for converting graphite into GO includes two steps: oxidation and subsequent rinsing.
A tough, anti-freezing and conductive nanocomposite interpenetrated organohydrogel mediated by hydrogen bonding
Authors: Niu Chao , Zhang Huijuan , Yang Biao , Sun Hui
Published: July 2021

Conductive hydrogels have received extensive attention in the field of stretchable electric materials due to their good flexibility and conductivity.
Sequence-defined oligoampholytes using hydrolytically stable vinyl sulfonamides: design and UCST behaviour
Authors: Mertens Chiel , Aksakal Resat , Badi Nezha , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: July 2021

Water soluble sequence-defined oligoampholytes with precisely positioned charges were synthesised via an iterative solid-phase synthesis protocol using vinyl sulfonamide and acrylate building blocks.
Amide-assisted α-C(sp3)–H acyloxyation of organic sulfides to access α-acyloxy sulfides
Authors: Yang Ke , Dai Shengfei , Li Zhi , Li Zhengyi , Sun Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2021

The direct acyloxyation of 2-(alkylthio)benzamide has been established via an amide-assisted α-C(sp3)–H functionalization in the presence of Selectfluor by using simple carboxylic acid and its corresponding salt as acyloxy sources.
Visible-light-driven photocyclization reaction: photocatalyst-free mediated intramolecular N–N coupling for the synthesis of 2H-indazole-3-carboxamides from aryl azides
Authors: Liu Jinni , Liu Na , Yang Qingqing , Wang Long
Published: July 2021

A visible-light-driven photocyclization reaction of aryl azides to access 2H-indazole-3-carboxamides in moderate to excellent yields has been realized efficiently under photocatalyst-free and external additive-free conditions.
The modulation effect of pi–pi interactions on the electronic and photochromic properties of viologen complexes containing N,N′-bis(carboxyethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium
Authors: Zhao Guozheng , Liu Jinjian
Published: July 2021

Two viologen complexes containing BCEbpy were prepared and displayed excellent photo-response properties by the modulation effect of pi–pi interactions.
A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Chen Mao , Liu Lei , Zhang Peiyao , Chen Hongning
Published: July 2021

A low-cost and high-loading viologen-based organic anode for rechargeable lithium batteries.
Development of highly efficient Friedel–Crafts alkylations with alcohols using heterogeneous catalysts under continuous-flow conditions
Authors: Masuda Koichiro , Okamoto Yukiko , Onozawa Shun-ya , Koumura Nagatoshi , Kobayashi Shū
Published: July 2021

Efficient and highly durable catalysts were developed for Friedel–Crafts alkylation using alcohols under continuous flow conditions.
Study of anisotropic thermal conductivity in textured thermoelectric alloys by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bose Rapaka S. C. , Ramesh K.
Published: July 2021

Polycrystalline p-type Sb1.5Bi0.5Te3 (SBT) and n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BTS) compounds possessing layered crystal structure show anisotropic electronic and thermal transport properties.
Heteroatoms in graphdiyne for catalytic and energy-related applications
Authors: Liu Baokun , Xu Lekai , Zhao Yasong , Du Jiang , Yang Nailiang , Wang Dan
Published: July 2021

GDY possesses rich acetylenic bonds and unique pore structures, prompting GDY as an ideal candidate, tuning its electronic structure by introducing heteroatoms, broadening its usage in catalysis, energy storage and other fields.
Antioxidant and multi-sensitive PNIPAAm/keratin double network gels for self-stripping wound dressing application
Authors: Han Xiao , Yang Rong , Wan Xiuzhen , Dou Jie , Yuan Jiang , Chi Bo , Shen Jian
Published: July 2021

CHX-loaded PNIPAAm/keratin DN gels exhibit multi-responsive, antioxidant, antibacterial, and self-stripping properties. These multifunctional gels are potential candidates for clinical wound treatment.
Positioning via GEO communication satellites’ signals of opportunity
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Zhao Xian , Wang Shanhe , Xiang Yu , Huang Changjiang , Hua Yu
Published: July 2021

Inherent vulnerabilities seriously weaken global navigation satellite system service capability, particularly in hostile environments where electronic jamming, blocking, and deception can occur. A new positioning technique is proposed that is based on navigation via signals of opportunity using communication satellites as a supplement and backup for GNSS. Based on the principle of very long baseline interferometry, the proposed technique observes communication satellites passively without demodulated satellite signals, realises time delay measurements, and then completes target positioning. In the positioning principle of this technique, the signal receiving scheme is formulated, and then the received signal model is established. We improved the signal processing scheme of very long baseline interferometry measurement technology, researched the time delay measurement estimation algorithm, and then analysed and verified the measurement performance using simulations. Finally, this approach was tested using geostationary Earth orbit communication satellites, for which the measured delay was obtained to verify the positioning performance. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the proposed technique is <20 m, verifying the feasibility and positioning performance of this approach.
Polarity relevance in flux-rope trajectory deflections triggered by coronal holes
Authors: Sahade A. , Cécere M. , Costa A. , Cremades H.
Published: July 2021

Context. Many observations suggest that coronal holes (CHs) are capable of deviating the trajectory of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) away from them. However, for some peculiar events, the eruption has been reported to be initially pulled towards the CH and then away from it.

Aims. We study the interaction between flux ropes (FRs) and CHs by means of numerical simulations, with the ultimate goal being to understand how CHs can deviate erupting CMEs/FRs from purely radial trajectories.

Methods. We perform 2.5D magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations of FRs and CHs interacting under different relative polarity configurations. In addition, we reconstruct the 3D trajectory and magnetic environment of a particular event seen by the STEREO spacecraft on 30 April 2012, whose trajectory initially departed from the radial direction toward the CH but later moved away from it.

Results. The numerical simulations indicate that at low coronal heights, depending on the relative magnetic field polarity between FR and CH, the initial deflection is attractive, that is, the FR moves towards the CH (case of anti-aligned polarities) or repulsive, where the FR moves away from the CH (case of aligned polarities). This is likely due to the formation of vanishing magnetic field regions or null points located between the FR and CH (case of anti-aligned polarities) or at the other side of the FR (case of aligned polarities). The analysed observational event shows a double-deflection compatible with an anti-aligned configuration of magnetic polarities, which is supported by SDO observations. We successfully reproduce the double deflection of the observed event by means of a numerical simulation.
Radio evidence for a shock wave reflected by a coronal hole
Authors: Mancuso S. , Bemporad A. , Frassati F. , Barghini D. , Giordano S. , Telloni D. , Taricco C.
Published: July 2021

We report the first unambiguous observational evidence in the radio range of the reflection of a coronal shock wave at the boundary of a coronal hole. The event occurred above an active region located at the northwest limb of the Sun and was characterized by an eruptive prominence and an extreme-ultraviolet wave steepening into a shock. The EUV observations acquired by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager instrument on board the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory were used to track the development of the EUV front in the inner corona. Metric type II radio emission, a distinguishing feature of shock waves propagating in the inner corona, was simultaneously recorded by ground-based radio spectrometers. The radio dynamic spectra displayed an unusual reversal of the type II emission lanes, together with type III-like herringbone emission, indicating shock-accelerated electron beams. Combined analysis of imaging data from the two space-based EUV instruments and the Nançay Radioheliograph evidences that the reverse-drifting type II emission was produced at the intersection of the shock front, reflected at a coronal hole boundary, with an intervening low-Alfvén-speed region characterized by an open field configuration. We also provide an outstanding data-driven reconstruction of the spatiotemporal evolution in the inner corona of the shock-accelerated electron beams produced by the reflected shock.
Weighing the Galactic disk using phase-space spirals
Authors: Widmark A. , Laporte C. F. P. , de Salas P. F. , Monari G.
Published: July 2021

Using the method that was developed in the first paper of this series, we measured the vertical gravitational potential of the Galactic disk from the time-varying structure of the phase-space spiral, using data fromGaiaas well as supplementary radial velocity information from legacy spectroscopic surveys. For eleven independent data samples, we inferred gravitational potentials that were in good agreement, despite the data samples’ varied and substantial selection effects. Using a model for the baryonic matter densities, we inferred a local halo dark matter density of 0.0085 ± 0.0039 M⊙ pc−3 = 0.32 ± 0.15 GeV cm−3. We were also able to place the most stringent constraint on the surface density of a thin dark disk with a scale height ≤50 pc, corresponding to an upper 95% confidence limit of roughly 5 M⊙ pc−2(compared to the previous limit of roughly 10 M⊙ pc−2, given the same scale height). For the inferred halo dark matter density and thin dark disk surface density, the statistical uncertainties are dominated by the baryonic model, which potentially could also suffer from a significant systematic error. With this level of precision, our method is highly competitive with traditional methods that rely on the assumption of a steady state. In a general sense, this illustrates that time-varying dynamical structures are not solely obstacles to dynamical mass measurements, but they can also be regarded as assets containing useful information.
About the kinetic energy of mutual motion of synchronous machine rotors under disturbance in a large power system
Authors: Voropai Nikolai I. , Stashkevich Sergei V.
Published: July 2021

The article shows the analysis of the components of the mutual motion of the synchronous machines rotors in the transient process under disturbance conditions. It is shown that the representation of the original EPS can be represented by a two-machine equivalent, relative to the section in which stability is violated.
Analysis of existing methods of distribution of fuel costs in the combined generation of electric and thermal energy
Authors: Boiko Evgeny , Strashnikov Aleksandr
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the data obtained both according to the official, approved by the regulatory documents of the current legislation of the Russian Federation, methods of fuel separation in the combined generation of electric and thermal energy at CHPP and known alternative methods is carried out. It is shown that all methods have significant disadvantages in their application and need to be replaced by the only one method that will be a compromise for the entire professional community. The target area of the distribution of specific indicators for the desired only one method is identified and justified.
Methodological approach to development and implementation of the Small Nuclear Power Plants program
Authors: Semenov Victor , Shchepetina Tatiana , Polevanov Vladimir , Savchenko Yuri , Popov Sergei
Published: July 2021

The article considers perspectives and institutions for innovative nuclear energy subsector – a small and medium-sized nuclear power plants (SNP). The features of the technologies, prospective sites for their introduction, topics for priority research work, as well as mechanisms for the creation of a new sub-sector of nuclear energy are briefly discussed. The advantages and opportunities of such approach to the energy supply of autonomous and isolated consumers located primarily in remote areas and in the Arctic are indicated. Special attention is paid to the problems of technological and operational safety, economic efficiency, and personnel training. The methodological framework provides a brief integrated description of the possibilities provided by dual-use technologies in solving national economic issues; a list of priority research areas to clarify assessments of the financial and economic efficiency of the SNP subsystem within the Russian nuclear energy industry; as well as proposals for personnel training to ensure a trouble-free and efficient Program implementation process.
Analysis of ground thermal potential reduction and thermal interaction between boreholes during operation of ground source heat pump in Moscow city environments
Authors: Tyabut Elizaveta , Sokolov Ivan , Ryzhenkov Artem
Published: July 2021

Geothermal energy is a renewable energy resource. Nowadays it can be considered as a promising alternative to various fossil fuels. Ground source heat pumps are efficient installations enabling the intensive use of underground energy for heating and cooling of modern residential and commercial buildings. However, climatic conditions often limit the use of this type of installation to a certain extent. This paper presents a description of an existing system comprising a liquid-toliquid heat pump and a geothermal field consisting of 4 boreholes. The system is used to investigate the intensity of ground temperature potential decrease in winter and its recovery in summer in the Moscow city environment with a detailed study of the properties of individual soil layers, as well as to study the mutual influence of boreholes on each other, represented by the conditional radius of thermal influence of individual boreholes. Graphs of soil temperature changes at different depths are presented.
Power Flow Optimization Problems for Multi-Energy Systems
Authors: Bykov Dmitry , Efimov Dmitry
Published: July 2021

Flow distribution calculation is the determination of the values of the state parameters at the nodes and connections of the system that satisfy the Kirchhoff laws. This calculation is necessary to determine the existence and admissibility of operating states in a multi-energy systems, as well as in singleproduct systems. In addition, it is an essential component of solving the problems of optimization of states in order to ensure the minimum cost of production, transmission and distribution of energy resources. Traditionally, a means of such minimization is the redistribution of the load between sources, consumers and storage of energy resources. As a consequence, this redistribution applies to the elements of transmission and distribution networks. This means are supplemented also by the possibility of converting energy resources from one type to another in multi-energy system. Covering the needs of the end consumer in different types of energy can be provided from different primary energy carriers through the chain (sequence) of their transfer and transformation from one type to another. Such a variety of the ways of energy supply, along with the possibilities of storing (accumulating) energy, pro-vides necessary degrees of freedom for solving states optimization problems.
Improvement of the Computing and Geoinformation System in terms of creating maps with detailed settlements
Authors: Trofimov Ivan L. , Trofimov Leonid N.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to refinement (improvement) of the Computing and geoinformation System to create maps with detailed settlements in different regions for visual analyzing their energy infrastructure. The problem of visualization and systematization of cartographic data is being solved. An interface has been developed for constructing interactive maps and navigation in any section of the world atlas. The technology of graphical and cartographic data visualization using the concept of atlas cartography is developed. This concept implies the display of an interactive geographic map of any region of the world at any scale, created in the unified structure and coordinate system, with the layers of raster and vector data and the energy infrastructure applied on it. The data overlaid on the map can be energy facilities (power plants), electric power systems, and data obtained as the results of calculations on the optimization model (not described in this paper).
Consideration of limitations in the form of inequalities in optimal planning of power systems regimes under uncertainty initial information
Authors: Latipov Sh.Sh. , Shanazarov A.E. , Ikramdjanov I.B.
Published: July 2021

In the article the issues of taking into account of constraints in the form of inequality in optimal planning of short-term modes of power systems are considered. An efficient algorithm for solving of the problem is offered. On the basis of computational experiments for specific problems of optimal planning of modes of power systems the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is revealed.
Technical and economic analysis of parameters of urban distribution electric networks 10 kV
Authors: Taslimov A D , Keshuov S. A. , Najimatdinov R K , Aminov Kh , Yuldashev A. A.
Published: July 2021

In the article, using the criterion analysis method, the analysis of the stability of total costs, the sensitivity of parameters to changes in the initial data (to the analysis of the influence of errors in the initial data) is carried out, and recommendations are given on the use of the obtained parameters for 10 kV distribution electrical networks.
Development and experimental study of circuits of contactless device for automation of compensation of reactive power of capacitor batteries
Authors: Bobojanov Maxsud K. , Karimov Raxmatillo Ch. , Qosimov Toir H. , Dzhuraev Shokhin Dzh.
Published: July 2021

This article presents material based on the results of the analysis of literature sources on automatic devices for regulating reactive power in power supply systems. The operating mode of the compensating devices is determined taking into account the permissible voltage deviations at the terminals of the electric power receivers. Voltage, load current, reactive power directions, power factor, phase angle between the supply voltage and load current, and time can be used as control parameters. In addition, the article provides information regarding the performance of the developed circuits of contactless devices and verification of the experimental study of the operation of installations with their use. Also presented is material on the experimental study of a prototype of a contactless switching device for automatic power control of capacitor banks in various operating modes. Summarizing the results of experimental studies of a new device for automatic power control of capacitor banks, it can be stated that it fully meets the requirements for such devices and can ensure reliable operation of the power supply network with an appropriate power factor.
Minimization of energy production management consumptions
Authors: Rakhmonov I U , Ushakov V Ya , Najimova A M , Jalilova D. A. , Omonov F B
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the issue of organizing management of a constantly operating object distributed in space and developing arbitrarily, while the organization of management should be optimal according to the criterion - the maximum return (income) on the invested funds (equipment) and the raw materials used. An energy system with well-known engineering concepts is used occasionally as an example. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the reliability of such an object, its significance for the state economic mechanism. The article provides a specific sequence for formulating the control goal based on parametric (measuring) information.
Application of an auto-parametric circuit for controlling thyristor converters
Authors: Usmonov E G , Akhmetbaev D S , Mamutov M , Abdurakhmonov Sh , Turgunov M.
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the issues of excitation of second-order subharmonic oscillations, in circuits representing a two-core electro-ferromagnetic circuit with a capacitive load, in order to use it to control the states of thyristors, frequency converters. The stability of the solutions of the equations of the two-core chain is investigated. Recommendations are given for obtaining stable subharmonic oscillations of the order1/2fwhen using these circuits as a control element of thyristor frequency dividers by two.
Technical and economic analysis of parameters of city distribution electric network up to 1000 V
Authors: Melikuziev M V , Nematov L. A. , Novikov A N , Baymuratov K K
Published: July 2021

The article shows the sequence of development of mathematical expressions of the technical and economic indicators of networks whose voltage is up to 1000 V. In the development of these expressions, methods such as the smallest squares, the criterion analysis were used. From the resulting expressions, it is possible to see which sizes are significantly dependent or dependent on the costs incurred for this network processing.
Analysis of electricity loss calculation methods in distribution networks
Authors: Muratov Abat , Saparniyazova Zlixa , Bakhadirov I I , Bijanov Alibiy
Published: July 2021

The article provides an analysis of methods for calculating electricity losses. The conditions for the application of methods for calculating electricity losses are determined, and structural separated losses in electrical networks are shown. A modern classification of losses is presented, and methods for calculating technological losses of electricity are considered.
Algorithm for estimating the mode and electricity losses in distribution electric networks 6-110 kV conditions of incomplete information
Authors: Erejepov Madiyar , Novikov A N , Khusanov B M , Seytmuratov Bayram , Sayimbetov Ziynatdin
Published: July 2021

The article provides an analysis of methods for calculating electricity losses. The conditions for the application of methods for calculating electricity losses are determined, and structural separated losses in electrical networks are shown. An algorithm for calculating electricity losses is presented, which makes it possible to obtain acceptable results with a minimum of initial information, which has a limited degree of reliability.
Influence of γ – radiation on the properties of silicon with clusters impurity atoms of manganese and nickel
Authors: Saparniyazova Zlixa , Ismaylov Temur , Abdireymova Gulnaza , Turmanova Gulnaz , Hakimov T Kh
Published: July 2021

In works [1-4], it was shown that a number of new physical phenomena are observed in silicon with nanoclusters, such as high-temperature negative magnetoresistance (NMR), anomalously high impurity photoconductivity, giant residual photoconductivity, etc. All these phenomena are directly related to the presence of multiply charged, magnetic clusters of manganese atoms in the silicon lattice. It is shown that, on the basis of such materials, it is possible to create fundamentally new, highly sensitive magnetosensors, photodetectors of infrared radiation operating in the μm region and photomagnetic devices.
Mathematical model of the problem of accounting for losses in electrical networks when optimizing the loads of electrical consumers
Authors: Gayibov Tulkin , Reymov Kamal , Aytbaev Arislan
Published: July 2021

Based on the improvement of existing algorithms, an effective algorithm and program for taking into account the network factor have been developed for optimal planning of short-term modes of power systems with control of the load of power consumers, based on the restructuring of the dependences of the relative gains of losses on the power of nodes with settlement stations and regulated power consumers. As a result, it is possible to determine the optimal short-term modes of power systems, taking into account the network factor in terms of load management of power consumers.
The result of an experimental study of the processing of silkworm cocoons
Authors: Zulpanov Shovqiddin , Sultanova Shakhnoza , Sobirova Dildora , Petković Marko , Safarov Jasur
Published: July 2021

To ensure uniform temperature in the infrared vibratory drying unit and to preserve the quality of the final product during the initial processing of silkworm cocoons, the temperature field was studied using a thermal imager. Using a thermal imager, you can measure the temperature in contactless and remote processes. At the same time, you can obtain temperature information from several points. The thermal imager measures infrared radiation in the long-wavelength range within the field of view and automatically detects cold and hot spots. Based on this, the temperature of the measured object is calculated. The thermal image appears on the thermal imager screen and the obtained image results are processed on a computer.
JSC “GLONASS” innovative navigation and information technologies in Uzbekistan
Authors: Yusupkhodjaeva G B
Published: July 2021

The article gives recommendations on the effective use of the State Automated Information System for Emergency Response in case of road accidents on the roads of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the introduction and development of the use of intelligent transport systems at transport enterprises of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Assessing the applicability of the CRM concept in a public autonomous institution
Authors: Lagunova A.D. , Pastushkova A.A.
Published: July 2021

In this article the issues of assessing the applicability of Customer Relationship Management in the processes and conditions of the functioning of autonomous state institutions are being examined. The authors consider the outlook of applying the concept of CRM, from the point of view of further implementation of CRM systems in the functional activities of the establishment.
Belarusian case study of P2P lending market digitalization: state-of-the-art, needs and perspectives
Authors: Koczar Joanna , Karaleu Yury , Dudkin Aliaksandr
Published: July 2021

The paper investigates the present state and prospects of development of the Belarusian market of mutual lending, the business model and the results of the activity of KUBYSHKA crowdlending Internet platform, the possibilities of organizing cooperation between Belarusian banks and crowdlending platforms, obstacles to the development of the market for mutual lending.
Digital challenges for creative industries: case of opera
Authors: Trubnikova Nina , Tsagareyshvili Severyan
Published: July 2021

Digital technologies today are seen as a powerful driving force of creative industry growth. The authors reveal the development of operatic theatre as a significant entity of a new market reality - the economy of impressions. Notwithstanding the fact that the majority of opera houses are state funded, the issue of economic efficacy is gaining relevance for theaters; increasingly more attention is paid to promoting theatrical product. Despite the fact that the eliteness of operatic art and loyalty to tradition poses restrictions on implanting new instruments of theater branding. active digitization of the opera product is the only plausible means of attracting the attention of the new generations who are used to this format of representing cultural content. This dilemma is analyzed in the article on the basis of the data yielded by a field study in the form of a survey involving Russian and Italian opera lovers.
Income inequality measures and the middle class
Authors: Pavlov Oleg I. , Pavlova Olga Yu.
Published: July 2021

We study how the presence of the middle class in the sense of Gevorgyan-Malykhin affects the value of income inequality measures including the Gini coefficient J and the Hoover index H. It is proved that in the presence of the middle class (1) $J \leqslant \frac{1}{2}\frac{{L'\left( 0 \right)}}{2}$ (where L is the Lorenz function), (2) $H \leqslant \frac{1}{2}$, (3) the longest vertical distance between the diagonal and the Lorenz curve (which is equal to H) is attained at ${z_0} < \frac{3}{4}$ A tight upper bound for P90/P10 ratio is found assuming L′(0)>0. Tight upper and lower bounds for the differential deviation in terms of the Gini coefficient are found as well.
Peculiarities of the EEU countries interaction in pharmaceutical value chains in pandemic period
Authors: Frolova Elena , Turgel Irina , Ishukov Alexander , Abdurahmanova Zulparuza
Published: July 2021

Taking into account that new trends are emerging in the field of international economic integration in pandemic world the authors aimed to study the role of the country's participation in global value chains (GVCs) in the development of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU or EAEU) national pharmaceutical industry. The article reveals the contradictory essence of modern concepts of interaction between the countries of integration associations and GVCs including its specificity for the EEU. An analysis of the pharmaceutical industry in EEU before and in the pandemic is carried out, and the features of such interaction are revealed in more detail in Kazakhstan case. The results showed the presence of low volumes of pharmaceutical products in EEU intraregional trade and minimum presence in GVCs. The hypothesis was partially confirmed that the countries localized the GVC “production” stage on their territory received gain as the increase in domestic production in pandemic period, despite the fact that this stage corresponds to low added value. The novelty is in the development of a reproductive approach to the study of integration groups. Recommendations are given to increase the share of economic entities of the EEU countries in the process of forming regional value chains.
The Potential for Transmission of Coronaviruses via Sports Equipment; A Cricket Case Study
Authors: England Rory , Peirce Nicholas , Torresi Joseph , Mitchell Sean , Harland Andy
Published: July 2021

A review of literature on the role of fomites in transmission of coronaviruses
informed the development of a framework which was used to qualitatively analyse
a cricket case study, where equipment is shared and passed around, and identify
potential mitigation strategies. A range of pathways were identified that might
in theory allow coronavirus transmission from an infected person to a
non-infected person via communal or personal equipment fomites or both. Eighteen
percent of potential fomite based interactions were found to be non-essential to
play including all contact with another persons equipment. Six opportunities to
interrupt the transmission pathway were identified, including the recommendation
to screen participants for symptoms prior to play. Social distancing between
participants and avoiding unnecessary surface contact provides two
opportunities; firstly to avoid equipment exposure to infected respiratory
droplets and secondly to avoid uninfected participants touching potential
fomites. Hand sanitisation and equipment sanitisation provide two further
opportunities by directly inactivating coronavirus. Preventing players from
touching their mucosal membranes with their hands represents the sixth potential
interruption. Whilst potential fomite transmission pathways were identified,
evidence suggests that viral load will be substantially reduced during surface
transfer. Mitigation strategies could further reduce potential fomites,
suggesting that by comparison, direct airborne transmission presents the greater
risk in cricket.
Volume Reduction: Which Dose is Sufficient to Retain Resistance Training Adaptations in Older Women?
Authors: Antunes Melissa , Kassiano Witalo , Silva Analiza M. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Ribeiro Alex S. , Costa Bruna , Cunha Paolo M. , Júnior Paulo Sugihara , Cyrino Letícia T. , Teixeira Denilson C. , Sardinha Luís B. , Cyrino Edilson S.
Published: July 2021

We compared the effects of different resistance training (RT) volume reduction strategies on muscular strength and lean soft-tissue (LST) in older women. Fifty-seven physically independent women (>60 years) performed a 20-week pre-conditioning phase of a standardized whole-body RT program (eight exercises, three sets, 8–12 repetitions, three sessions a week), and were then randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: reduced volume for a single set (RV1, n=20) or two sets (RV2, n=19), or maintained volume of three sets (MV, n=18) for 8 weeks (specific training phase). Muscular strength in the chest press, leg extension, and preacher curl exercises was determined by one-repetition maximum tests. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device was used to estimate LST. An increase in muscular strength (16.3–32.1%) and LST (3.2–7.9%) was observed after the pre-conditioning phase. There was an increase in chest press for all groups (9.4–16.7%) after the specific training phase. In contrast, only MV increased significantly in the leg extension (4.4%). No between-group differences were revealed for LST in the specific training phase. Our results suggest that reduced RT volume from three to one set per exercise for 8 weeks seems sufficient to retain neuromuscular adaptations in older women.
Telomere Length, SIRT1, and Insulin in Male Master Athletes: The Path to Healthy Longevity?
Authors: Aguiar Samuel S. , Rosa Thiago S. , Neves Rodrigo V. P. , Leite Patrício L. A. , Maciel Larissa A. , Gutierrez Sara D. , Rosa Erica C. , Andrade Rosângela V. , Degens Hans , Korhonen Marko T. , Lewis John E. , Simões Herbert G.
Published: July 2021

Lower SIRT1 and insulin resistance are associated with accelerated telomere shortening. This study investigated whether the lifestyle of master athletes can attenuate these age-related changes and thereby slow aging. We compared insulin, SIRT1, and telomere length in highly trained male master athletes (n=52; aged 49.9±7.2 yrs) and age-matched non-athletes (n=19; aged 47.3±8.9 yrs). This is a cross-sectional study, in which all data were collected in one visit. Overnight fasted SIRT1 and insulin levels in whole blood were assessed using commercial kits. Relative telomere length was determined in leukocytes through qPCR analyses. Master athletes had higher SIRT1, lower insulin, and longer telomere length than age-matched non-athletes (p<0.05 for all). Insulin was inversely associated with SIRT1 (r=−0.38; p=0.001). Telomere length correlated positively with SIRT1 (r=0.65; p=0.001), whereas telomere length and insulin were not correlated (r=0.03; p=0.87). In conclusion, master athletes have higher SIRT1, lower insulin, and longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes. Furthermore, SIRT1 was negatively associated with insulin and positively associated with telomere length. These findings suggest that in this sample of middle-aged participants reduced insulin, increased SIRT1 activity, and attenuation of biological aging are connected.
Abdominal Adiposity in Collegiate Football Linemen: A Study of Race and
Position
Authors: Blue Malia N.M. , Hirsch Katie R. , Brewer Gabrielle J. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E.
Published: July 2021

American football linemen are at an increased risk for developing obesity-related
diseases. This study evaluated the impact of race and position on abdominal fat (visceral
adipose tissue and android fat percentage) in football linemen. Thirty-four offensive and
defensive linemen (%fat: 27.1±7.2%) completed a total body dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry scan to estimate visceral fat and android fat percentage. Participants were
stratified by race [Black: n=23; White: n=11] and position (Offense: n=18; Defense: n=16).
Two separate two-way ANOVA tests [race × position] were completed. For visceral adipose
tissue, there was no interaction (p=0.056), but there was an effect of race (Black:
0.57±0.34 kg; White: 1.51±0.56 kg; p <0.001) and position (Offense: 1.22±0.60 kg;
Defense: 0.49±0.34 kg; p<0.001). For android fat percentage, there was no interaction
(p=0.855) or race effect (Black: 31.5±11.3%; White: 40.9±8.6%; p=0.123); there was a
position effect (Offense: 42.1±5.6%; Defense: 26.0±9.9%; p<0.001). Offensive linemen,
regardless of race, had greater visceral adipose tissue and android fat percent compared
to defensive linemen. White linemen had greater visceral adipose tissue, regardless of
position. These results suggest football linemen, especially offensive linemen with
increased abdominal adiposity, may benefit from tracking metabolic health during their
collegiate career to mitigate obesity-related disease risk once retired from sport.
Process Development of a Copper(II)-Catalyzed Dehydration of an N-Acyl Prolinal Oxime: Cascade Process and Application at an Elevated Lab Scale
Authors: Gröger Harald , Nonnhoff Jannis
Published: July 2021

Chiral N-acyl amino nitriles are important structural motifs in several pharmaceuticals such as Vildagliptin or Saxagliptin. Cyanide-free access to such nitriles is provided by a copper-catalyzed dehydration of oximes, which are readily available by condensation of chiral aldehydes resulting from the chiral pool with hydroxylamine. The application in a cascade process without the need for intermediate purification as well as a demonstrated scalability show the robustness of this methodology.
Influenza A as a Common Viral Cause of Complex Febrile Seizures
Authors: Esen Feyza Husrevoglu , Secilmis Yılmaz , Dogan Murat , Tubas Filiz , Esen Aydın , Bayram Ayse , Gökahmetoglu Selma , Ozturk Mehmet Adnan
Published: July 2021

Objective The most common childhood convulsive disorder happens to be febrile seizure (FS), which is an important health problem leading to economic burden and parental anxiety. Further investigation into the etiological causes of FS will guide us for appropriate measures during the follow-up period. The aim of study was to identify the percentage of viral and bacterial pathogens in the etiological causes of children with FS, and also if there is any difference between simple and complex FSs.

Methods This prospective study randomly enrolled 100 pediatric patients with FS between January 2017 and July 2017. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all children at presentation. The respiratory panel was performed with a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method to detect the 21 most common viruses. A complete blood count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, blood culture, throat culture, urine analyses, urinary culture, and stool tests analysis were performed in all the patients.

Results During the study period, at least one virus was detected in 87% of patients. Bacterial agents were detected in only 13% of patients. Coinfections of the viruses and bacterial pathogens were found in 24% of patients. The most frequently detected virus was influenza A (Inf A) (18%), followed by rhinovirus (12%). Coinfections of the viruses and bacterial pathogens, mixed viral infections, and Inf A were common in children who experienced complex FS. Inf A was detected in 16% of patients with simple FSs and 30% of patients with complex FSs and a significant difference between them (p < 0.01).

Conclusion The results of this study showed that respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens are important in the etiology of FS in children. It is considered that complex FSs may be triggered by Inf A. The fact is viral pathogens are very common; therefore, antibiotics must be carefully prescribed. These results also draw attention to the use of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the prevention of FS related to the flu.
Predicting Parameters for Audiological Complications in Pediatric Patients Affected by Meningitis
Authors: Bozzola Elena , Spina Giulia , Marsella Pasquale , Scorpecci Alessandro , Mascolo Cristina , Salvatori Martina , Roversi Marco , Villani Alberto
Published: July 2021

Objective Meningitis is one of the most common causes of acquired sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. The aim of this study was to identify parameters predicting long-term audiological complications in meningitis.

Methods Patients under 18 years admitted to the Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital between March 2001 and February 2019 with a diagnosis of meningitis entered the study. Audiological complications had been investigated during hospitalization and at follow-up.

Results During the study period, 425 patients were enrolled. Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in 48 patients (11.3%). Multivariate analysis has shown that female gender predisposes to the development of permanent hearing loss after meningitis. Hearing impairment was associated with pneumococcal etiology (p < 0.001), lethargy (p = 0.027), reduced cerebrospinal fluid glucose level (26.18 mg/dL, p = 0.004), increase in both C-reactive protein (17.77 mg/dL, p = 0.001), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (106.3 mm/h, p = 0.004). At follow-up, 19 patients had a persisting hearing damage, 7 recovered their hearing capacity and 20 were lost to follow-up. Among patients with permanent hearing damage, treatment was necessary in 16 patients. In details, 6 patients required external hearing aids and 10 patients required a cochlear implant.

Conclusions Female gender, lethargy at onset, reduced cerebrospinal fluid glucose level, increased inflammation index, and pneumococcal etiology are correlated with sensorineural hearing damage in meningitis patients.
Current Concepts in Capsular Contracture: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Management
Authors: Safran Tyler , Nepon Hillary , Chu Carrie K. , Winocour Sebastian , Murphy Amanda M. , Davison Peter G. , Dionisopolos Tassos , Vorstenbosch Joshua
Published: July 2021

Over 400,000 women in the United States alone will have breast implant surgery each year. Although capsular contracture represents the most common complication of breast implant surgery, surgeons continue to debate the precise etiology. General agreement exists concerning the inflammatory origin of capsular fibrosis, but the inciting events triggering the inflammatory cascade appear to be multifactorial, making it difficult to predict why one patient may develop capsular contracture while another will not. Accordingly, researchers have explored many different surgical, biomaterial, and medical therapies to address these multiple factors in an attempt to prevent and treat capsular contracture. In the current paper, we aim to inform the reader on the most up-to-date understanding of the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of capsular contracture.