bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More than an Afterimage: Music as Holocaust Spatial Representation and Legacy
Authors: Brown Kellie D.
Published: March 2023

Music occupies a unique and multi-faceted role in spatial representation of the Holocaust, both in terms of documenting its horrors and in cultivating legacy. This uniqueness derives from music’s dual temporal and physical essence as it is represented by written scores that serve as a blueprint, as sonic events that fill both time and space, and as musical instruments that operate as conduits for both. String instruments, in particular, have occupied a vital place in Jewish culture and, consequently, during the Holocaust. In the most tragic sense, some of these instruments even became actual containers of genocidal evidence as with violins played outside concentration camp crematoria that filled with the human ash that fell. This article will demonstrate that, when played, these instruments transform into living artifacts and musical witnesses, with voices that can speak for those who have been silenced, and that the resulting music that resonates from the printed page fills a sonic space that serves as a powerful medium for memory and representation. The phrase “bearing witness” often refers to representing the stories of people, places, and experiences through words, either written or spoken. But material culture also has a role to play in representation. While objects, art, and architecture certainly support language-based witness, they also provide their own unique lens and conduit for testimony. This seems especially true for music, which has the ability to exist as and cross between both words and objects. Nevertheless, music as material witness remains a complex and often understudied aspect of historical testimony. As a result, this paper will explore through an interdisciplinary approach the divergent nature of music as an aural form, as a creative art, and as a cultural artifact and will offer examples of how music can enhance, elucidate, and complicate Holocaust representation.
Quantitative Analysis of Mixed Minerals with Finite Phase Using Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Technology
Authors: Qi Meixiang , Cao Liqin , Zhao Yunliang , Jia Feifei , Song Shaoxian , He Xinfang , Yan Xiao , Huang Lixue , Yin Zize
Published: March 2023

It is crucial but challenging to detect intermediate or end products promptly. Traditional chemical detection methods are time-consuming and cannot detect mineral phase content. Thermal infrared hyperspectral (TIH) technology is an effective means of real-time imaging and can precisely capture the emissivity characteristics of objects. This study introduces TIH to estimate the content of potassium salts, with a model based on Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). The model takes the emissivity spectrum of potassium salt into account and accurately predicts the content of Mixing Potassium (MP), a mineral mixture produced in Lop Nur, Xinjiang. The main mineral content in MP was measured by Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA), mainly including picromerite, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and less sodium chloride. 129 configured MP samples were divided into calibration (97 samples) and prediction (32 samples) sets. The CARS-PLSR method achieved good prediction results for MP mineral content (picromerite: correlation coefficient of correction set (Rp2) = 0.943, predicted root mean square error (RMSEP) = 2.72%, relative predictive deviation (RPD) = 4.24; potassium chloride: Rp2 = 0.948, RMSEP = 2.86%, RPD = 4.42). Experimental results convey that TIH technology can effectively identify the emissivity characteristics of MP minerals, facilitating quantitative detection of MP mineral content.
Simplified Method of Estimating the A300 Micropore Content in Air-Entrained Concrete
Authors: Wawrzeńczyk Jerzy , Kowalczyk Henryk
Published: March 2023

It is well known that the most important parameters for predicting the frost resistance of pavement concrete are the air pore spacing factor, L, and the micropore content, A300. The A300 parameter requires complex calculations with the estimation of the air-void size in a 3D space. The procedure is based only on one-dimensional chord lengths. The air-void distribution is used only to determine the content of micropores and has no other practical application. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there is a simpler way to estimate the A300 parameter without the tedious calculations described in the EN 480-11 Standard. The presented approach is based on the existing linear correlation between the A300 parameter and the number of chords in 28 length classes. The developed function includes only a few coefficients (eight classes) because only chord lengths of 10–350 µm are statistically significant. This fact is important not only for the simplification of calculations but may also have consequences for the methodology of testing parameters characterizing the structure of air-entrained concrete using the 2D method. The presented function allows the estimation of A300 with a standard error not exceeding 0.02%, so it is useful for practical use.
Corrosion Protection and Heat Resistance of Paints for Outdoor Use
Authors: Felhősi Ilona , Molnárné Nagy Lívia , Horváth Szilvia , Pozman Tamás , Bognár János , Szabó Tamás , Keresztes Zsófia
Published: March 2023

Innovative heat- and corrosion-resistant coating approaches, applicable in indirect-food-contact outdoor environments, have been developed. Two systems, a direct-to-metal single-layer, polysiloxane-based, oven-dried system and a bilayer, zinc phosphate active pigment-containing, ambient-cured system were developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional bilayer, zinc-rich primer-based heat-resistant surface-protective solutions for outdoor cooking equipment, such as barbecue grills. This case study aims to optimize the application conditions, measure and evaluate the impact of surface preparation and compare thermo-resistant and anticorrosive properties of different coating systems focusing on eco-efficiency. The anticorrosion efficiency of the coatings was characterized using salt-spray chamber corrosion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The thermo-resistant character of the coatings was tested by cyclic and constant heat treatment, after which the physical integrity of the coatings was evaluated by optical microscopy. In the overall performance of the coatings, the roughening of the steel substrate surface and the thickness of the coatings were also considered as influential parameters. The study revealed that the newly developed coatings have superior anticorrosion performance to the usually applied Zn-rich coating. The Single-layered Coating has excellent corrosion resistance under certain conditions and has the advantage of fast layer application. The Bilayered Coating showed excellent heat- and corrosion-resistance properties even on a surface without sand-blasting.
Influence of the Scatter Index of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Structural Steel on the Fatigue Resistance Coefficient
Authors: Lipiński Tomasz
Published: March 2023

One of the main parameters characterizing steel is tensile strength. Conducting actual research is time consuming and expensive. For this reason, the technique uses simplified methods that allow one to quickly estimate the resistance of the material to fatigue. They are conducted mainly by computer methods. For the proper development of programs to determine the fatigue parameters of steel, solid data preparation is necessary. Unfortunately, some studies are performed on materials produced in laboratory conditions, which is only an approximation of the actual production conditions. Real alloys contain natural impurities which can affect their properties. Therefore, it is important to use real results obtained on an industrial scale for analysis including computer simulations. One of the important parameters that can be used to describe the properties of steel is the scatter index. It is the quotient of the average distance between the pollution and the average size of the pollution. This parameter makes it possible to take into account the fatigue strength of steel, taking into account the size of impurities and the distance between these impurities. The paper attempted to determine the scatter index and its impact on the fatigue resistance coefficient for steel melted in an industrial 140 ton electric furnace. The tests were carried out on structural steel with an average carbon content of 0.26%. The steel was hardened and tempered in all temperature tempering ranges (low, medium, and high). The fatigue resistance coefficient in the scatter index function was determined and discussed for each of the applied heat treatment parameters.
The Influence of Recycled Cement, Fly Ash, and Magnesium Oxide on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Cementitious Materials
Authors: Sequeira Lucas , Cantero Blas , Bravo Miguel , de Brito Jorge , Medina César
Published: March 2023

In the construction industry, cement is the most widely used material. So, to achieve greater sustainability in this industry, it is imperative to improve the sustainability of this material. One way to reduce the ecological footprint of cement is to replace it, even if partially, with other more sustainable materials that can act as binders. This paper analyses the mechanical properties of more sustainable mortars containing recycled cement (RC), fly ash (FA), and magnesium oxide (MgO). Different types of binary, ternary, and quaternary mortars were used: containing recycled cement (5% and 10%), fly ash (10% and 20%), and MgO (7.5% and 15%). An experimental campaign was carried out analysing air content, density, compressive and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The ternary mortars showed decreases between 0.4% (M-5RC10FA) and 35.3% (M-10RC15Mg) in terms of compressive strength at 365 days (compared to RM), when the theoretically expected decrease (the sum of the decreases obtained with the individual incorporation of these materials) would be between 16.6% and 41.5%, respectively. The results obtained allow for concluding that the joint use of these materials in ternary mortars improves the mechanical capacity, relative to the individual incorporation of each material in binary mortars.
Determination of Plasma Potential Using an Emissive Probe with Floating Potential Method
Authors: Cho Chulhee , Kim Sijun , Lee Youngseok , Seong Inho , Jeong Wonnyoung , You Yebin , Choi Minsu , You Shinjae
Published: March 2023

Despite over 90 years of study on the emissive probe, a plasma diagnostic tool used to measure plasma potential, its underlying physics has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we investigated the voltages along the hot filament wire and emitting thermal electrons and proved which voltage reflects the plasma potential. Using a circuit model incorporating the floating condition, we found that the lowest potential on the plasma-exposed filament provides a close approximation of the plasma potential. This theoretical result was verified with a comparison of emissive probe measurements and Langmuir probe measurements in inductively coupled plasma. This work provides a significant contribution to the accurate measurement of plasma potential using the emissive probe with the floating potential method.
The Impact of Excitation Periods on the Outcome of Lock-In Thermography
Authors: Sapieta Milan , Dekýš Vladimír , Kopas Peter , Jakubovičová Lenka , Šavrnoch Zdenko
Published: March 2023

Thermal imaging is a non-destructive test method that uses an external energy source, such as a halogen lamp or flash lamp, to excite the material under test and measure the resulting temperature distribution. One of the important parameters of lock-in thermography is the number of excitation periods, which is used to calculate a phase image that shows defects or inhomogeneities in the material. The results for multiple periods can be averaged, which leads to noise suppression, but the use of a larger number of periods may cause an increase in noise due to unsynchronization of the camera and the external excitation source or may lead to heating and subsequent damage to the sample. The phase image is the most common way of representing the results of lock-in thermography, but amplitude images and complex images can also be obtained. In this study, eight measurements were performed on different samples using a thermal pulse source (flash lamp and halogen lamp) with a period of 120 s. For each sample, five phase images were calculated using different number of periods, preferably one to five periods. The phase image calculated from one period was used as a reference. To determine the effect of the number of excitation periods on the phase image, the reference phase image for one period was compared with the phase images calculated using multiple periods using the structural similarity index (SSIM) and multi-scale SSIM (MS-SSIM).
Preparation and Hydration Properties of Steel Slag-Based Composite Cementitious Materials with High Strength
Authors: Xu Zhiming , Ma Ying , Wang Jiahao , Shen Xiaodong
Published: March 2023

Steel slag (SS) has been largely discharged but little utilized, causing an environmental problem in China. In this paper, SS-based composite cementitious materials with high strength were prepared by the high volume of SS (≥40%), granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), fly ash (FA), flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) and cement to promote the effective utilization of SS. The hydration and hardening properties were studied through setting time, compressive strength, length change, isothermal calorimetry (IC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) tests. The results show that SS-based composite cementitious material exhibited a lower hydration heat release, an appropriate setting time, and volume stability. The SS cementitious material with 40% SS could obtain high strength of over 65 MPa at 28 days and 80 MPa at 90 days. The strength value of > 60 MPa is present in the binder, with 50% SS at 56 days. GBFS promotes hydration reactions and the formation of AFt and C-(A)-S-H gel, thus enhancing compressive strength. FA has a beneficial effect on later strength. The small and fine pore structures contribute to the development of strength. The main hydration products of SS composite cementitious materials are C-(A)-S-H gel, and ettringite (AFt), with less Ca(OH)2. The C-(A)-S-H gel with a lower Ca/Si ratio and a higher Al/Ca ratio in cementitious material, promotes mechanical properties.
A Case of Mediastinal Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in a Chronic Dialysis Patient Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)
Authors: Nagashima Hiromi , Abe Kazuyuki , Owada Yukihiro , Yakuwa Kazuhiro , Katagiri Hiroshi , Chiba Shinji , Matsumoto Ami , Akiyama Masachika , Utsumi Yu , Maemondo Makoto
Published: March 2023

A 54-year-old woman on dialysis due to chronic renal failure had a fever lasting 2 weeks and was referred to a hospital. Non-enhanced CT and blood tests showed no remarkable findings. She was hospitalized and received an antibacterial drug. Although she was discharged after the fever subsided, she was hospitalized again due to a fever a few days later. A contrast-enhanced CT revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and she was transferred to our hospital for a bronchoscopy. Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for subcarinal lymph nodes was performed in our hospital. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test of the obtained specimen was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis, and histologically, caseous granulomas were found in the specimen. She was diagnosed with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis, and HREZ (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) treatment was started. The fever subsided immediately, and she was discharged from our hospital 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Thereafter, she received treatment as an outpatient. Since the use of a contrast medium was complicated by dialysis, a non-enhanced CT was performed at first, and it was difficult to make a diagnosis from this. We report this as an informative case that could be diagnosed with EBUS-TBNA, which was easily performed on a patient weakened by prolonged fever and dialysis.
Effects of Fecal Occult Blood Immunoassay Screening for Colorectal Cancer—Experience from a Hospital in Central Taiwan
Authors: Yang Pei-Yu , Yang I-Ting , Chiang Tzu-Hsuan , Tsai Chi-Hong , Yang Yu-Ying , Lin I-Ching
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives: In 2004, the Health Administration of Taiwan began to promote a hospital-based cancer screening quality improvement program, under the principle that “prevention is better than therapy”. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in patients who received a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) at a hospital in central Taiwan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. Results: Fecal occult blood immunoassays for CRC screening were conducted in 58,891 participants, of whom 6533 were positive (positive detection rate 11.10%). The positive patients then underwent colonoscopy, and the detection rates of polyps and CRC accounted for 53.6% and 2.4% of all colonoscopy-confirmed diagnoses (3607), respectively. We further enrolled data from patients diagnosed with CRC at our hospital from 2010 to 2018. The patients with CRC were divided into two groups according to whether or not they had received fecal occult blood screening. Among the 88 patients with CRC by screening, 54 had detailed medical records including cancer stage. Of these 54 patients, 1 (1.8%) had pre-stage, 11 (20.4%) had stage I, 24 (44.4%) had stage II, 10 (18.5%) had stage III, and 8 (14.8%) had stage IV CRC. The early cancer detection rates of the screening and non-screening groups were 66.7% and 52.7%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p = 0.00130). Conclusions: In this study, screening with FIT significantly increased the early detection of CRC. The main advantage of FIT is the non-invasiveness and low cost. It is hoped that the further adoption of early screening can increase the detection rates of colorectal polyps or early cancer to improve survival, reduce the high cost of subsequent cancer treatment, and reduce the burden on the patient and healthcare system.
An Updated Review on the Role of Nanoformulated Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Das Alakesh , Adhikari Suman , Deka Dikshita , Baildya Nabajyoti , Sahare Padmavati , Banerjee Antara , Paul Sujay , Bisgin Atil , Pathak Surajit
Published: March 2023

The most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide is colorectal cancer. It is initiated with the formation of polyps, which further cause the development of colorectal cancer in multistep phases. Colorectal cancer mortality is high despite recent treatment breakthroughs and a greater understanding of its pathophysiology. Stress is one of the major causes of triggering different cellular signalling cascades inside the body and which might turn toward the development of cancer. Naturally occurring plant compounds or phytochemicals are being studied for medical purposes. Phytochemicals’ benefits are being analyzed for inflammatory illnesses, liver failure, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and nephropathies. Cancer treatment with fewer side effects and better outcomes has been achieved by combining phytochemicals with chemotherapy. Resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate have been studied for their chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potentiality, but hydrophobicity, solubility, poor bioavailability, and target selectivity limit the clinical uses of these compounds. The therapeutic potential is maximized by utilizing nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles to increase phytochemical bioavailability and target specificity. This updated literature review discusses the clinical limitations, increased sensitivity, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects, and the clinical limitations of the phytochemicals.
The Influence of Avatar Personalization on Emotions in VR
Authors: Radiah Rivu , Roth Daniel , Alt Florian , Abdelrahman Yomna
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the impact of avatar personalization on perceived emotions. Avatar embodiment is a crucial aspect of collaborative and social virtual reality (VR) systems. Previous research found that avatar appearance impacts the acceptability of the virtual body and changes users’ behavior. While virtual embodiment has been extensively investigated, we know very little about how embodiment affects users’ experienced emotions. In a user study (N = 40), we applied an autobiographical recall method to evoke happiness and investigated the influence of different types of avatar embodiment (personalized same-gender, personalized opposite-gender, non-personalized same-gender, and non-personalized opposite-gender) on participants’ perceived emotion. We recorded both self-reported assessments and physiological data to observe participants’ emotional responses resulting from the emotions elicited by the use of different avatars. We found significant differences in happiness with the personalized same-gender avatar and the personalized opposite-gender avatar. We provide empirical evidence, demonstrating the influence of avatar personalization on emotions in VR. We conclude with recommendations for users and designers of virtual reality experiences.
Catholicism in the Changing Religious Field of Latin America: A Mapping
Authors: Thorsen Jakob Egeris
Published: March 2023

This article presents a mapping of the changing religious landscape of Latin America, specifically focusing on the place of Catholicism therein. It explores how the varying forms of Catholicism in Latin America reflect a reality of mixed modernities, described as “tiempos mixtos” (Waldo Ansaldi), where elements of pre-modern, modern, and late modern worldviews and values are intertwined in ways very different from those of the North Atlantic West. By applying the modernization and secularization theories of David Martin and Charles Taylor and the sociology of religion of Pierre Bourdieu to the Latin American context, this article takes the first step to developing an explicatory map that can help us better understand changes within the religious field in Latin America today and the role of both popular and institutional Catholicism therein.
Data Analysis for Risk Management—Economics, Finance and Business: New Developments and Challenges
Authors: Jajuga Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

The development of the theory and practice of risk management is closely related to the emergence of different risks [...]
Epidemiological Survey of Human Alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2) Infection in Indigenous People of Dourados Municipality, Central Brazil
Authors: Bonfim Flávia Freitas de Oliveira , Villar Livia Melo , Croda Julio , Silva Solange Rodrigues da , Gonçalves Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone , de Castro Vivianne de Oliveira Landgraf , de Rezende Romeira Grazielli Rocha , Cesar Gabriela Alves , dos Santos Weis-Torres Sabrina Moreira , Horta Marco Aurélio , Simionatto Simone , Motta-Castro Ana Rita Coimbra , de Paula Vanessa Salete
Published: March 2023

Sexually transmitted Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2) causes genital ulcers, especially among sexually active adolescents and adults. We estimated the exact prevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral aspects of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). In total, 1360 individuals (>18 years old) were administered serologic tests. The prevalence of anti-HSV-2 IgM was 12.9%, that of anti-HSV-2 IgG was 57.2%, and 8.5% cases tested positive for both HSV-2 IgM and IgG. The prevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies was higher in females (59.5%) compared to males (49%), with an OR of 0.64 (0.49–0.83). Anti-HSV-2 antibodies were found in 14.2%, 12.3%, 15.4%, and 14.5% of participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. In summary, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 in the Indigenous population was five times higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Educational level, income level, smoking, condom use, incarceration, illicit drug abuse, the sharing of used needles and syringes without adequate disinfection, homosexual relationships, prostitution, the sexual practices among drug users, and avoidance of contraceptive methods could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-2 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health-access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding and preventing, treating, and controlling HSV-2 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
A Typology for Urban Landscape Progression: Toward a Sustainable Planning Mechanism in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Danjuma Abdu , Zhu Jie , Nashe Sadiq Abdullahi , Usman Abdullahi Muhammad , Sagir Abdullahi , Yukubu Adamu , Hamma Abdulmalik Sule , Alfa Namadi Sharif , Ahmed Abubakar
Published: March 2023

The significance of urban landscapes in the current era of concern for a sustainable built environment can never be overemphasized. The study explores the landscape features and typologies of some urban environments within Kano to understand the management effectiveness of urban landscapes in the Kano metropolitan area. At least two wards were purposively selected each from the eight metropolitan local government areas due to their urban landscape and land use. Focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were carried out through with prominent elders and “Masu Unguwanni” (village/ward heads) of each of the sampled wards as well as direct assessments of their physical characteristics to justify the general landscape progression in support of documentation for the present and future generation. The study unveils the layout typology, the scenic points and the ecological and cultural landscapes in the sampled districts. It further reveals that the historic urban forms in Kano are degrading with time, or rather not following the course of sustainability, as the physical surroundings satisfy the immediate needs of the communities. However, the study suggests increasing the awareness of Kano’s urban landscape preservation and the 2011 UNESCO proposal implementation on Historic Urban Landscapes (HUL). Then, the study discourages unhealthy developments within Kano Metropolis and the entire state. It also recommends landscape architects be part and parcel of planning schemes for controlling and regulating urban development via the formal practice of land allocation, land acquisition, building codes, design, planning and construction.
Influence of digitalization on international trade relations
Authors:   Institute of International Economic Relations, Moscow, Aksenov I. A.
Published: March 2023

The article provides an in-depth analysis of how digitalization has changed and is changing international trade through the use of online platforms, the simplification of cross-border interaction and cooperation, the improvement of logistics and transport, the impact on tariff s and trade agreements. In addition, the article states that there is a democratization of international trade, which digitalization provides for small and medium-sized enterprises, which in turn can have a significant impact on economic development and global competitiveness. The article also reflects trends in international trade and the digital economy. As technology continues to evolve, it is likely that digitalization will continue to shape new ways of doing international trade. The article provides an overview of the current state of digitalization of international trade relations and possible future developments that may bring influence to it, such as increased attention to data privacy, cybersecurity and intellectual property rights in international trade agreements. In addition, the study also highlights the potential of blockchain technology and other digital innovations to further change and transform the way international trade is conducted. The article refl ects practical advice for participants in foreign economic activity, which can be guided in a rapidly changing digital landscape. These tips help you understand the opportunities and challenges associated with digitalization and develop strategies to take advantage of these opportunities and mitigate risks.
EXCESS MORTALITY IN SAMARA REGION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Kuznetsova Razina Saitnasimovna
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant damage to humanity worldwide. Over 500 million people have recovered from COVID-19 and over 6 million people have died from it. Restrictive measures taken by governments to prevent the spread of infection had negative economic impacts. Health care systems of most countries demonstrated significant shortcomings. Many countries have recorded excess deaths not only from COVID-19, but also from the negative consequences caused by the pandemic.
The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate excess mortality in the Samara region during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods. To analyze excess mortality, we used the COVID mortality multiplier (CMM). The calculation was carried out according to Rosstat data on the registered deaths from COVID-19 and daily published reports of the Operational Headquarters on the number of deaths from COVID-19. The multiplier was calculated for each month of the period under review, from April 2020 to December 2021.
Results. The data obtained show that during the first two waves of the pandemic, excess mortality was due not only to those who died from COVID-19, but also due to negative consequences of the pandemic, which caused excess deaths. The multiplier showed very high figures. Since April 2021, the figures have been reducing to moderate, which suggests that the main reason for excess mortality was the novel coronavirus infection. The calculation method applied in the study can also be used while analyzing excess mortality in any other epidemiological emergencies.
Le Liber glossarum (VIIIe siècle). Prolégomènes à une nouvelle édition
Authors: Grondeux Anne
Published: March 2023

European Research Council for the years 2011-2016. It aims to produce a critical edition of the Liber glossarum under the direction of the author. The article provides a state of affairs and the main lines of the research project, such as the study of the working methods of excerptors, their errors, the rewriting phenomena... The methodology for treating sources is illustrated by examples taken from Isidore of Seville and Ambrose.
Hominem exire. Une erreur de copiste ou un néologisme médiéval ?
Authors: Spieralska-kasprzyk Beata
Published: March 2023

L’expression hominem exire, que l’on trouve entre autres chez Ordéric Vital, Guillaume de Jumièges, mais aussi Liutprand de Crémone, n’est pas une faute de copiste pour la iunctura paulinienne hominem exuere : peut-être forgée par Liutprand, elle est utilisée intentionnellement par des auteurs dont nous conservons soit des autographes, soit des manuscrits composés sous leur direction, soit des copies très proches de la date de composition. Il faut donc s’abstenir de corriger leur texte, et reconnaître à l’expression toute sa valeur.
Léxico de la alimentación en los documentos notariales de la Edad Media de Galicia : los condimentos
Authors: Varela Sieiro Xaime
Published: March 2023

Sin duda, el estudio de la alimentación ofrece claves importantes para profundizar en el conocimiento de un período histórico determinado. En la historia de la alimentación europea, la Edad Media supone la confluencia de dos modelos alimenticios distintos, el tradicional romano y el germánico. Por lo que respecta a Galicia, este tipo de estudios están en fase incipiente. Nosotros vamos a abordar, desde una perspectiva eminentemente filológica, el estudio del léxico de un campo semántico muy preciso y en un corpus también muy específico : los condimentos en la documentación notarial de la Edad Media gallega. El análisis y estudio de voces como acetum, butirum, condimentum, mel, piper, sagimen, sal y sinapis constituyen el objetivo de esta breve aportación. De ello se concluye que la cocina gallega de este período era muy básica.
Der erotische Daktylus
Authors: Wollin Carsten
Published: March 2023

Der Gebrauch seltener und manierierter Metaphern ist ein Charakteristikum der Dichtersprache der Moderni des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts. Zu diesen Metaphon gehört auch der Daktylus als Bezeichnung des erigierten Phallus. Der Aufsatz zeichnet chronologisch das Vorkommen der Metapher in der lateinischen Literatur nach, in der Zeit Abaelards beginnend und im 17. Jahrhundert endend. Der erotische Daktylus muss von ähnlichen metaphorischen Versfüßen unterschieden werden, welche unterschiedliche Behinderungen des menschlichen Gangs beschreiben.
Frowin von Krakau und die spätmittelalterliche Ständesatire
Authors: Haye Thomas
Published: March 2023

Le manuscrit Prague, Bibliothèque de l’Université, XIV. G. 4 transmet sous le titre Summa bonorum une satire sociale inconnue jusqu’à présent, qui se présente comme un manuel pour des prédicateurs. Bien que ce texte, qui se compose de 811 hexamètres léonins, soit transmis anonymement, on peut l’attribuer, sur la base d’indices linguistiques et factuels, au célèbre chanoine Frowin de Cracovie, prévôt de Sandomir dans les années 1325-1330, qui, vers 1340, offre à l’évêque de Cracovie Jean III Grot un ouvrage didactique, l’Antigameratus. La Summa bonorum de Frowin, manifestement influencée par l’Occultus Erfordensis de Nicolas de Bibra, s’avère être un témoignage d’une importance exceptionnelle sur le développement de la satire sociale dans la littérature latine, mais pas seulement : elle constitue aussi un précieux document pour l’histoire littéraire de la Pologne à la fin du Moyen Âge.
Helenismos y palabras fantasmas en el documento de 1055 contra Guillem de Gurb
Authors: Puig Rodríguez-Escalona Mercè , Fornés Pallicer Antonia , Gómez Rabal Ana , Quetglas Nicolau Pedro J.
Published: March 2023

In this article we analyze the Hellenisms of the document against Guillem de Gurb (dated 1055), which is preserved in the Archivo de la Catedral de Vic : ortodoxis, cataclismi, throno, sophistica and pseudographa. Likewise we demonstrate that the term eliotedro is a ghost word.
Oficios artesanales en el latín medieval de Asturias y León
Authors: Pérez González Maurilio
Published: March 2023

El autor, tras proponer una clasificación de los oficios y profesiones en la diplomática medieval de Asturias y León, limita su estudio a los oficios artesanales, es decir, a las ocupaciones de quienes ejercen una actividad manual y más o menos habilidosa. Después compara los resultados de su estudio con los obtenidos en 1995 por la hispanista Mª Carmen Martínez Meléndez, distribuyéndolos en tres grupos : 1) Oficios artesanales del reino asturleonés que también se encuentran en Mª Carmen Martínez Meléndez. 2) Oficios artesanales sólo registrados como apellidos o topónimos. 3) Oficios artesanales del reino asturleonés que no se encuentran en Mª Carmen Martínez Meléndez. Tras el análisis global de los resultados sobre la expresión de todos ellos en latín y en romance, el autor concluye que, gracias a las numerosas publicaciones de diplomas medievales a partir de 1995, se puede afirmar que los oficios artesanales existentes antes de 1230 fueron muchos más de los que Mª Carmen Martínez Meléndez pensaba.
La langue des dépositions dans les comptes rendus judiciaires médiévaux. Étude d’après les sources polonaises
Authors: Rzepiela Michal
Published: March 2023

The paper analyses the language used in medieval court records and focuses on a role of witnesses’ testimonies. The attention is particularly drawn to the typical linguistic behaviors of the persons involved in a judicial proceedings. To a certain degree also the social factors affecting the reactions of the opponents at law are taken into consideration.
Per errorem ad novum terminum. Alcuni termini di animali creati per incomprensione delle fonti
Authors: Šedinová Hana
Published: March 2023

Molti nomi di animali, che grazie ai lessicografi boemi Claretus (XIV s.) e Iohannes Aquensis (inizio del XVI s.) si trovano nel Latinitatis medii aevi lexicon Bohemorum, risultano spesso difficili da spiegare sia dal punto di vista etimologico che da quello semantico. Alcuni di questi nomi sono il risultato dell’incomprensione della fonte a cui attinsero gli autori antichi e medievali. Talvolta i nuovi termini zoologici indicano lo stesso animale che viene descritto dalla fonte originaria, talaltra, invece, l’incomprensione di un testo più antico ha come conseguenza che l’animale originario è dotato di nuove caratteristiche nell’aspetto fisico o nel suo comportamento, e diventa non solo una nuova creatura (mus marinus, cervus marinus), ma addirittura un essere vivente appartenente ad un’altra tipologia. Dal nome di una popolazione deriva, ad esempio, il nome di un particolare tipo di bestiame (trogodite), il nome proprio di un autore romano diventa il nome di un pesce (trebius) e dal nome di un pesce nasce quello di un feroce quadrupede (ana).
Stella fixa and stella crinita. Astronomical Vocabulary in Medieval Polish Authors
Authors: Maciąg Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

L’articolo presenta un vocabolario usato da autori polacchi per descrivere il cielo e fenomeni astronomici. Sono presi in considerazione sia trattati astronomici sia altri testi scritti in Polonia fra il Duecento e il Quattrocento. Il vocabolario astronomico è diviso in sette gruppi contenenti, fra le altre cose, parole usate comunemente, come ad esempio il sole o stelle, nomi delle unità di misura e dei parametri, e strumenti astronomici.
Gibt es eine Fachsprache für die Beschreibung mittelalterlicher Architektur ?
Authors: Adámková Iva
Published: March 2023

The paper analyses some selected terms used for describing the 12th-century architecture. Using two examples, the writings of Suger of Saint-Denis and Gervasius of Canterbury, different attitude towards the description of newly established buildings is shown. Whereas Suger in his works on the cloister church of Saint-Denis does not abandon the usual and traditional achitectural terms, Gervasius, on the contrary, when describing the newly founded Canterbury cathedral, coins completely new termini technici.
Ouvrages techniques de compilation et problèmes linguistiques et paléographiques. Le cas des Quaestiones in musica
Authors: Tombeur Paul
Published: March 2023

Tout le monde connaît l’importance de la musique aux XIe et XIIe siècles. C’est un temps de réforme et de prolifération de traités en matière musicale. Dans ce monde apparaît Raoul de Saint-Trond (né vers 1070 et décédé en 1138) et la question du rôle qu’il a joué et de celui qu’il a peut-être joué. On aborde ainsi le problème de la rédaction d’ouvrages techniques qui sont des oeuvres de compilation. Parmi elles, il y a, en effet, les Quaestiones in musica que Rudolf Steglich a attribuées (à tort) à Raoul. Qu’apporte cette oeuvre à notre connaissance du vocabulaire technique ? Comment procéder pour décider de la paternité de cette oeuvre ? Il importe de faire la critique externe et la critique interne ; de comparer le vocabulaire spécifique, les mots outils ; d’étudier les fréquences, et, surtout, de faire l’examen de détails qui ont été totalement négligés jusqu’aujourd’hui, telle l’écriture des enclitiques qui est un des détails susceptibles d’apporter des éclaircissements insoupçonnés.
Philosophisches im schwedischen Mittellatein
Authors: Odelman Eva
Published: March 2023

Der Artikel behandelt philosophische Texte, die zum lateinischen Schrifttum des schwedischen Mittelalters gehören. Es sind hauptsächlich Werke von Augustinus de Dacia, Boethius de Dacia, Petrus de Dacia (13. Jh.), Vorlesungsaufzeichnungen aus der Universität zu Uppsala (15. Jh.) sowie Schriften von Bero Magni und Christopherus Laurentii (15. Jh.), die an den Universitäten Wien bzw. Leipzig tätig waren. Einige dieser Texte sind im Glossarium mediae Latinitatis Sueciae aufgenommen, andere nur teilweise oder überhaupt nicht, weil sie erst spät veröffentlicht worden sind.
Globale Untersuchung zum Sondervokabular des Thomas von Aquin
Authors: Roelli Philipp
Published: March 2023

This contribution studies the vocabulary of scholasticism – exemplified in St. Thomas Aquinas – from a global, linguistic point of view. His digitised

opera and the Thomas-Lexikon by Ludwig Schütz in comparison with works from St. Augustin and Cicero serve to determine the formation of words not yet present in these latter authors and changes in the frequencies of prefixes, suffixes, compounds and prepositions. This procedure makes it evident that nominalisation – especially through suffixation – is the main source of new words (although not so much with the «prime suspect » -tas) whereas prefixes and compounds play only a minor rôle. But on the whole it is the amount of prepositions that differs most strikingly in St. Thomas from Augustin and Cicero. They seem to be of special importance to guarantee the perspicuitas needed in scientific university discourse. A concluding glance at Byzantine Greek seems to indicate that there composition took the rôle suffixation plays in Latin scholasticism.
Le vocabulaire technique en latin médiéval, entre mythe et réalité
Authors: Bon Bruno
Published: March 2023

How can lexicographers deal with words relevant to a field of study in which they do not have expertise ? As an attempt to answer this question, we examined the concept of „ specialisation” : what is what we commonly call „ technical language”, and did there exist such a notion in medieval Latin ? As a result of the present study, three main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the same terms were employed to account for the differences between general and „ special” languages. Secondly, the only groups of „ technical” speakers mentioned in our texts are exclusively related to the education. Thirdly, our confused lexicographic practice results in serious difficulties of digitising medieval Latin dictionaries.
El latín de los Antikeimena (CPL 1261) de Julián de Toledo
Authors: Martín Iglesias José Carlos
Published: March 2023

Study of the linguistic features of Antikeimena of Julian of Toledo, a Visigothic bishop († 690). This work is a treatise of biblical exegesis in which passages from the books of the Bible except the Apocalypse are analyzed. The article presents four parts : orthography-phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon. It also adds a fifth section on errors that can be attributed either to Visigothic writer, or to the manuscripts of Patristic sources he used.
Le repas de Jean Baptiste au désert : sauterelles, crevettes ou écrevisses ? Un petit texte exégétique inédit du Xe siècle
Authors: Delmulle Jérémy
Published: March 2023

Copied on the last folio, remained blank, of a manuscript probably originated in Fleury, an exegetical note, to be dated to the end of the tenth century, questions the true nature of locustae that Mark’s Gospel wrote they constituted the meal of John the Baptist in the desert. Refuting the idea that it could be locusts, the author implements a very critical exegesis and uses a great biblical culture and encyclopedic knowledge about the taxonomy of insects and crustaceans, and concludes that the

locustae in question were to be shrimp or crayfish. The interest of this text lies mainly in the fact that, to make clear what it is, the author glosses the word “locusta” with vernacular words in use in Germany and northern Italy, and that he also convenes in support of his thesis an unknown non-Vulgate version of the passage from Leviticus concerning dietary restrictions.
Thezoo : un thésaurus de zoologie ancienne et médiévale pour l’annotation de sources de données hétérogènes
Authors: Pajón Leyra Irene , Zucker Arnaud , Faron-Zucker Catherine
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a thesaurus of ancient and medieval zoological knowledge, called THEZOO, constructed in the framework of the International Research Group Zoomathia. It aims at integrating heterogeneous data sources on zoology in Antiquity and Middle Ages : mainly texts, but also images, archaeological objects and archaeozoological material. The development process of THEZOO combines 1) the manual annotation of books VIII-XI of Pliny the Elder’s Natural History, chosen as a reference dataset to elicit the concepts to be integrated in the thesaurus, and 2) the definition and hierarchical organization of the elicited concepts in the thesaurus. THEZOO is formalized in SKOS, the W3C standard to represent knowledge organization systems on the Web of data, and it is created with the Opentheso editor. Our final aim is to publish the thesaurus THEZOO as well as the corpus of annotated textual, iconograph ical and archeological resources, to support a semantic search in the corpus in different languages.
Théories et vocabulaire de la vision dans les mondes grec et latin du ive au XIIe siècle
Authors: Dufossé Colette
Published: March 2023

Dans l’Antiquité tardive, les théories de la vision sont fondées sur la théorie de Platon. L’approche néoplatonicienne de celle-ci par les commentateurs grecs d’Aristote est transmise à l’Occident latin, plus marqué cependant par le Timée de Platon, seul accessible en traduction. Pour expliquer la formation de l’image dans l’âme de l’observateur, l’Occident centre sa réflexion sur l’intériorité du sujet : la théorie augustinienne des trois visions élargit la théorie visuelle jusqu’à en faire une théorie de la pensée. Elle est ensuite redéfinie au XIIe siècle sous l’influence de la classification boécienne des puissances de l’âme. À partir de la métaphore du Dieu-lumière, les Pères grecs développent un discours métaphysique marqué par la physique aristotélicienne que Jean Scot Érigène transmet au monde latin. Au XIIe siècle, l’étude du Timée permet de transformer cette métaphysique en une optique physique originale. Un lexique latin spécialisé semble alors se constituer, puis est repris dans les traductions du XIIe siècle qui renouvellent la connaissance de cette discipline en Occident.
Translation, repurposing, and misunderstanding from Egypt to Rome to Ravenna : φορεῖον - phorium - furibum
Authors: Bobrycki Shane
Published: March 2023

Résumé. — L’article examine le mot furibum, un hapax médical dans la Vita Barbatiani (B. H. L. 972). Furibum s’est inscrit dans plusieurs dictionnaires du latin médiéval comme une sorte de «litière » pour malades. Cet article affirme que furibum n’est pas un véritable mot latin mais une faute de transmission. La Vita Barbatiani (probablement du Xe siècle) a pour sources les Miracles latins de Cyr et Jean (B. H. L. 2080), une traduction des Miracles grecs de Cyr et Jean (B. H. G. 477-479i) de Sophrone de Jérusalem. Il est probable que furibum résulte d’une méprise vis-à-vis de phorium, la latinisation dans les Miracles latins du φορεῖον («litière » ) de Sophrone. Furibum doit être retiré des dictionnaires, mais l’histoire de cette erreur illustre les vicissitudes de la transmission culturelle à travers les siècles, les langues, et les régions.