bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Modulatory Effects of tDCS and Acupuncture on Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Low Back Pain Using Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Sacca Valeria , Maleki Nasim , Reddy Sveta , Hodges Sierra , Kong Jian
Published: February 2025

Background: Both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and acupuncture are promising methods for managing chronic low back pain (cLBP), however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: To explore the neural mechanisms of tDCS and acupuncture on cLBP, we examined how real and sham tDCS applied to the bilateral motor cortex (M1), combined with real or sham acupuncture, influenced cerebral blood flow (CBF) using pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging. tDCS was administered over six sessions, combined with real or sham acupuncture, over one month. Results: Following real tDCS, we observed increased CBF in the bilateral occipital cortex, precuneus, left hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus/posterior cingulate cortex. After sham tDCS, CBF decreased in regions including the bilateral superior parietal lobule, precuneus, bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri, and left angular gyrus. Real acupuncture led to reduced CBF in the bilateral occipital cortex and hippocampus, and left posterior cingulate gyrus, and increased CBF in the right postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and frontal areas. Sham acupuncture was associated with decreased CBF in the bilateral hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions: These results suggest both shared and distinct patterns of CBF changes between real and sham tDCS, as well as between real and sham acupuncture, reflecting mode-dependent effects on brain networks involved in pain processing and modulation. Our findings highlight the different neural circuits implicated in the therapeutic mechanisms of tDCS and acupuncture in the management of cLBP.
Empowering Students with Learning Disabilities: Examining Serious Digital Games’ Potential for Performance and Motivation in Math Education
Authors: Polydoros Georgios , Antoniou Alexandros-Stamatios
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the impact of digital math serious educational games (SEGs) on enhancing math skills and motivation, specifically focusing on first-degree equations for students with learning difficulties. A comparative study was conducted among two groups of students with learning disabilities. One group engaged with the digital math serious educational game “Battleship”, while the other received traditional curriculum-based instruction. The study’s dual objectives were to assess the effectiveness of digital math SEGs in improving mathematical performance and to evaluate motivation levels. Additionally, gender differences in performance and motivation were examined to understand how SEGs impact boys and girls differently. Employing an empirical approach, a test comprising standard exercises on first-degree equations, typically encountered in seventh grade, was administered. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was administered to measure motivation. The research sample consisted of 104 seventh-grade students with learning disabilities, aged 12–13 years, from four public schools in the northern sector of Attica, Greece. The sample was evenly divided into two groups of 52 students each. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel. Results indicated that students who engaged with the digital math SEG demonstrated significantly improved math performance compared to their peers who used the standard curriculum book. Interestingly, the control group, which used the standard curriculum book, reported higher levels of motivation, underscoring the complex interplay of motivational factors among students with learning disabilities. Furthermore, the analysis by gender revealed that both boys and girls benefited from SEGs in terms of performance. However, motivation levels were only slightly affected by gender, highlighting the potential of SEGs to support diverse learners.
How Does the Five-Day Work Week Impact Labour Productivity? Exploring the Perceptions of Australian Construction Workers
Authors: Turner Michelle , Lingard Helen , Pirzadeh Payam
Published: February 2025

Construction is a long-hours industry in which people often work a six-day week. This research examined the extent to which shifting to a five-day week schedule impacts labour productivity in construction projects. Five construction projects in Australia implemented a five-day weekly schedule. Interviews were conducted with 89 workers across five projects to explore workers’ subjective productivity and reasons for any perceived changes in productivity associated with the modified schedule. Thematic analysis of interview data revealed that, while some workers perceived the five-day week to be less productive, the majority of participants perceived their productivity to be enhanced, due to a variety of health- and work-related factors. In particular, people experiencing a two-day break from work each week indicated they were better rested and more energetic and engaged in their work. Participants also suggested work was better planned in order to manage the five- compared to the six-day week, and quality improvements also reduced re-work. The research concludes that perceived negative impacts on production associated with not working on Saturdays are offset by an increase in productivity arising from improved health and positive work outcomes associated with the five-day schedule.
Vitality Decline in Residential Landscapes: A Natural Experiment Insight from Hefei, China
Authors: Ru Bingqian , Li Zao , Jin Zhao , Cheng Lekai , Cai Yiqing
Published: February 2025

This study selected green spaces from three residential areas in Hefei as the research subjects, combining behavioral observation methods and a natural experiment to collect behavioral data from 2010 and 2024. The data were then compared using Poisson regression models. Additionally, home visits were conducted to gather residents’ perceptions of the factors contributing to the decline in vitality. Based on the survey data, multilevel regression analysis was performed to explore the decline in RQGS usage vitality and its influencing factors in the context of rapid urbanization. This study found a significant decline in green space visits, particularly during the afternoon (16:00–18:00) and in areas adjacent to roadways. The main influencing factors include emerging leisure choices (such as taking the subway to large parks or preferring indoor activities) and residents’ satisfaction with RQGS characteristics (such as functional zoning, noise pollution, and neighborhood familiarity). Notably, there was no significant correlation between “disposable leisure time” and visit frequency. These findings suggest that, despite the inherent advantages of proximity, the vitality of RQGS faces increasing challenges due to emerging diverse leisure demands and growing environmental disturbances. In contrast to the traditional emphasis on accessibility, this study recommends that future RQGS planning prioritize functional zoning (e.g., dog-walking areas, sports zones), address the needs of vulnerable groups, and focus on mitigating vehicle noise and air pollution rather than merely expanding parking facilities. Interventions should be scheduled for the afternoon and emphasize strengthening community interaction and cohesion to enhance user experience. This research provides valuable scientific evidence and practical guidance for urban planners and policymakers to optimize residential green spaces in the context of rapid urbanization, offering new perspectives for the empirical evaluation of RQGS upgrades.
Multi-Level Gray Evaluation Method for Assessing Health Risks in Indoor Environments
Authors: Wang Yajing , Ding Yan , Liu Chunhua , Liu Kuixing
Published: February 2025

Recently, health risk assessment and early warning systems for high-temperature events have become critical concerns. However, current high-temperature warning systems primarily focus on temperature alone, which fails to accurately reflect the actual heat exposure levels and associated health risks. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved AHP (analytic hierarchy process) combined with a multi-level gray evaluation method for assessing human health risks during high-temperature conditions. A comprehensive early warning system is developed, incorporating various indicators, including human status, building conditions, and weather forecasts, making it more holistic than traditional temperature-based warning systems. A case study shows that the highest evaluation score for young individuals is 3.41, while elderly males receive the highest score of 2.5. Furthermore, the highest evaluation score for males is 3.41, while for females the highest score of 3.1. The warning results indicate that for young individuals, no alert is issued; for the elderly, a red alert is triggered; and for middle-aged individuals, the system issues orange and yellow alerts based on varying levels of risk. This study can be used to monitor health risk and provide alert message to humans. Based on the proposed early warning system, people can be able to predict health risk in time.
Adenovirus 36 Seropositivity Is Related to Inflammation and Imbalance Between Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status Regardless of Body Mass Index in Mexican Population
Authors: Arroyo-Xochihua Omar , Arbez-Evangelista Cristian , Miranda-Contreras Edgar , De León-Ramírez Yeimy Mar , Díaz-Edgar Montserrat , Sampieri Clara Luz , Arroyo-Helguera Omar , Álvarez-Bañuelos María Teresa
Published: February 2025

Background: The etiology of obesity has been associated with genetic and epigenetic factors, hormonal changes, unhealthy lifestyle habits, and infectious agents such as human adenovirus-36 (HAdV-36). Viral infections induce reactive oxygen species, and the imbalance between oxidative stress/antioxidant results in fat accumulation. In the Mexican population, little is known about the frequency of HAdV-36 and its effect on the balance between antioxidants and oxidants, inflammation, and metabolic markers. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the frequency of HAdV-36 seroprevalence and its relation to body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, glucose levels, inflammation, and levels of antioxidants and oxidative stress in a representative sample. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 112 healthy adults between 18 and 28 years old, who were divided into four groups according to their BMI: underweight (BMI < 18.5); normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9); overweight (BMI ≥ 25); and obese (BMI ≥ 30). Blood samples were taken to evaluate lipid and glucose profiles, as well as antioxidant and oxidative stress status, using colorimetric techniques. Seropositivity for HAdV-36 and levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and cortisol were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HAdV-36 frequency was 15.6% in underweight subjects, 18.7% in the normal-weight subjects, 34.37% in the overweight subjects, and 31.24% in the obese subjects. The subjects who were positive for HAdV-36 seroprevalence had increased levels of IL-6, cortisol, and oxidative stress, independently of BMI. The HAdV-36-positive subjects had reduced LDL-C and HDL-C levels only in the low-weight groups. Glutathione and SOD levels increased in the underweight and normal-weight subjects with positive HAdV-36 seroprevalence, while catalase levels decreased in the normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects. In conclusion, for the first time, an HAdV-36 seroprevalence in the adult Mexican population is reported which was higher and had a relation with the presence of inflammation, alterations in the lipid profile, and imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status, regardless of BMI. The oxidative stress/antioxidant imbalance could be participating in the stimulation of white adipose tissue deposition.
Influence of Fabric Characteristics on Mechanical Performances of Protective Gloves
Authors: Afzal Ali , Ahmad Shahbaz , Ahmad Sheraz , Irfan Muhammad , Indrie Liliana , Ahmad Faheem , Rațiu Mariana
Published: February 2025

In this study, high-performance gloves were developed from core–sheath yarn. Different materials were used in the core, while Kevlar fibers were used in the sheath. The filaments used in the core included glass, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and stainless steel filaments with 100D and 200D linear densities. Seamless gloves were developed from these yarns with varying characteristics to observe their effect on the performance of seamless gloves. The factors examined were the areal density (GSM) of the gloves, linear density of sheath fibers, core material, and plied structure. The mechanical behavior of the gloves was evaluated by different tests such as blade cut resistance, coupe cut resistance, tear resistance, and puncture resistance. The results demonstrated that the sheath fiber characteristics, core material type, yarn’s plied structure, and fabric’s areal density are statistically significant factors affecting the properties of gloves in relation to mechanical risk. The selection of appropriate levels of these parameters is crucial for better achievement of desired properties in workwear protection applications.
Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Grape Seed Extract-Loaded Hyalurosomes on Skin Wellness
Authors: Rached Rita Abi , Habre Maya , Salem Yara , Khodeir Joe , Allaw Mohamad , Castangia Ines , Rajha Hiba N. , Habre Luciana , Feghali Joelle , Touma Joe A. , Manca Maria Letizia , Louka Nicolas , Manconi Maria , Maroun Richard G.
Published: February 2025

Grape seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-aging properties. The aim of this study was to extract phytochemicals from the Lebanese grape variety “Obeidi” and incorporate them into liposomes and hyalurosomes in order to select the most effective formulation for improving skin properties and protecting against oxidative damage. Grape seeds were extracted by a sustainable ethanol-water method, yielding a total phenolic content (TPC) of 376 ± 16 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents) and an antioxidant activity of 0.58 ± 0.04 µg/mL (trolox equivalents). HPLC analysis identified catechins (4.51 mg/g), gallic acid (3.2 mg/g) and epicatechins (0.88 mg/g) as the dominant phenolics. The extract was encapsulated in liposomes and hyalurosomes with a mean diameter of 148–159 nm, polydispersity index < 0.3, and zeta potentials of −47 to −44 mV, and remained stable for three months at 4 °C. In vitro studies showed that hyalurosomes significantly increased keratinocyte viability by up to 144% and provided better protection against oxidative stress compared to liposomes. A 12-week clinical study involving 40 volunteers was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of extract-loaded hyalurosomes as an “anti-aging serum” by assessing various skin parameters. This treatment resulted in improved skin hydration, a reduction in wrinkle depth, and a slight decrease in melanin and erythema levels as demonstrated by imaging. These results are promising for cosmeceutical applications using grape seed extract loaded in hyalurosomes.
First-Principles Investigation of Diverse Properties of X2CaTa2O7 (X = Li, Na, K, and Rb) Ruddlesden–Popper Compounds for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Hussain Ahmad , Jabeen Nawishta , Yaqoob Ali , Zafar Sumaira , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ayob Eman A. , Khalifa Mohamed E.
Published: February 2025

For the first time, we explored the optical, electronic, mechanical, and structural properties of the Ruddlesden–Popper phase family member X2CaTa2O7 (X = Li, Na, K, and Rb) by using density functional theory (DFT) with the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) function in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) framework. These materials show promising potential for energy conversion applications. Detailed investigations into structural parameters, band gaps, total and partial densities of states, and optical and mechanical properties demonstrate their suitability for photovoltaic technologies. The calculated electronic band gap structures and density of states demonstrate that X2CaTa2O7 (X = Li, Na, K, and Rb) are semiconductors in nature with band gaps ranging from 1.52 eV to 3.02 eV. Measurements demonstrate substantial contributions from O-2p4, Ca-4p4, and Ta-4f14 orbitals to the electronic structures of the compounds. Moreover, the optical characteristics, like the reflectivity, absorption coefficients (105 cm−1), dielectric functions (8.5), refractive index (2–3), and optical conductivity (4–6 fs−1), highlight the abilities of these compounds for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Additionally, the mechanical properties measurements of the compounds show that they are capable for flexible electronic applications as well. This manuscript provides good insights into the design and development of the compounds capable for next-generation photovoltaic devices.
Migraine-Friendly Workspace: A Swiss Brain Health Initiative
Authors: Gantenbein Andreas R. , Wegener Susanne , Schankin Christoph J. , Kleinschmidt Andreas K.
Published: February 2025

Migraine affects around one billion individuals worldwide, many in their working life, leading to significant personal and societal burdens. As modern working environments continue to change, so do the expectations of new generations of employees. The importance of creating migraine-friendly workspaces is becoming increasingly pressing. The Swiss Headache Society’s migraine-friendly workspace (MFWS) proposal aims to reduce direct and indirect costs associated with migraines in the workspace and provides practical recommendations and interventions for designing environments that promote employee well-being and productivity.
Optimal Use of Bispecific Antibodies for the Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Canada
Authors: Fleury Isabelle , MacDonald David , Shafey Mona , Christofides Anna , Sehn Laurie H.
Published: February 2025

CAR-T cell therapy has significantly improved outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but challenges such as limited resources, manufacturing timelines, and notable toxicities persist. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), including glofitamab and epcoritamab, have demonstrated promising efficacy and represent a new treatment option in patients who are unsuitable for or have relapsed following CAR-T therapy. Bispecific antibodies have a manageable safety profile and are generally more widely accessible than CAR-T cell therapy. Case discussions in this paper illustrate the potential real-world application of BsAbs, highlighting their role in treating patients who have relapsed after or are unable to undergo CAR-T cell therapy. Overall, glofitamab and epcoritamab represent valuable treatment options in the evolving landscape of R/R DLBCL.
Cetacean Conservation in the Pelagos Sanctuary: Status and Proposal for Its Improvement
Authors: Stoppa Erica , Grossi Francesca , David Léa , Di-Meglio Nathalie , Roul Marine , Arcangeli Antonella , Pasanisi Eugenia , Campana Ilaria , Paraboschi Miriam , Castelli Alberto , Pignata Eleonora , Rosso Massimiliano , Moulins Aurelie , Tepsich Paola
Published: February 2025

The Pelagos Sanctuary hosts eight resident cetacean species. Genetically different from Atlantic populations, their conservation is essential to preserve the whole biodiversity of the Ligurian Sea. The NATURA 2000 network is currently identified as one of the most efficient conservation tools due to its legally binding nature; however, its effectiveness for cetacean preservation is still unclear. The study used data systematically collected within the Pelagos Sanctuary from 2008 to 2021 by the FLT Med Net and the LIFE Conceptu Maris projects to investigate cetaceans distribution, Richness and diversity related to the existing protected areas. Of the 423 hexagons considered, only 21.28% of the study area was covered by French NATURA 2000 sites and 9.22% by Italian sites. French NATURA 2000 sites had the highest coverage of weighted Encounter Rate (ER_w) and biodiversity values. Only three species showed statistically significant differences between the French and Italian protected and non-protected hexagons, and biodiversity showed no significant difference. Only T. truncatus had higher median over Italian protected hexagons. The Pelagos Sanctuary still lacks offshore NATURA 2000 sites, especially in Italian waters. For this reason, areas to amplify the Network aimed at increasing cetacean and biodiversity conservation were highlighted in the results of this study.
Protein-Losing Enteropathy Demonstrated by 99mTc-ASC Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Wang Jingnan , Jing Hongli , Li Fang
Published: February 2025

A 30-year-old woman presented with progressive edema and mild diarrhea. Laboratory examination revealed hypoalbuminemia. She underwent 99mTc-antimony sulphide colloid (99mTc-ASC) lymphoscintigraphy to evaluate potential loss of protein through gastrointestinal tract caused by lymphatic leakage and detect abnormalities in the lymphatic systems. The images showed abnormal leakage of radiotracers in the bowel, suggestive of protein loss through the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormal visualization of the lower part of thoracic duct and bilateral venous angle was also demonstrated on 99mTc-ASC scintigraphy. It suggested secondary intestinal lymphangiectasis caused by lymphatic obstruction and reflux. Enhanced CT reconstruction of the small intestine revealed roughness and thickening of intestinal wall, consistent with the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy.
Predictive Limitations of the Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score: A Retrospective Analysis of Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Traumas and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jeon Sebeom , Lee Gil Jae , Lee Mina , Choi Kang Kook , Lee Seung Hwan , Cho Jayun , Yu Byungchul
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The Geriatric Trauma Outcome Score (GTOS) is used to predict in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients with trauma. However, its applicability to elderly patients with multiple traumas and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the GTOS in elderly patients with multiple traumas and TBI and assess its performance in patients with mild and severe TBI. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1283 geriatric multiple trauma patients (aged ≥ 65 years) treated at a regional trauma center from 2019 to 2023. Patients were stratified into mild (head Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] ≤ 3) and severe (head AIS ≥ 4) TBI groups. GTOS values were calculated for each patient, and predicted mortality was compared with in-hospital mortality. GTOS predictive accuracy was assessed by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Patients had a median Injury Severity Score of 18 (interquartile range: 10–25); 33.3% of patients received red blood cell transfusions within 24 h. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 17.9%; GTOS predicted a mortality rate of 17.6% ± 0.17. The GTOS accurately predicted the in-hospital mortality in the entire cohort, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.798. Predictive accuracy diminished for patients with severe TBI (AUC = 0.657), underestimating actual mortality (39.5% vs. 28.8% predicted). Conclusions: While the GTOS remains a useful tool for predicting in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with multiple traumas, it consistently underestimates mortality risk in those with severe TBI. Therefore, applying the GTOS in this patient subgroup warrants careful consideration.
Management of Dupuytren’s Disease: A Multi-Centric Comparative Analysis Between Experienced Hand Surgeons Versus Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Seth Ishith , Marcaccini Gianluca , Lim Kaiyang , Castrechini Marco , Cuomo Roberto , Ng Sally Kiu-Huen , Ross Richard J. , Rozen Warren M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Dupuytren’s fibroproliferative disease affecting the hand’s palmar fascia leads to progressive finger contractures and functional limitations. Management of this condition relies heavily on the expertise of hand surgeons, who tailor interventions based on clinical assessment. With the growing interest in artificial intelligence (AI) in medical decision-making, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of integrating AI into the clinical management of Dupuytren’s disease by comparing AI-generated recommendations with those of expert hand surgeons. Methods: This multicentric comparative study involved three experienced hand surgeons and five AI systems (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, DeepSeek, and Copilot). Twenty-two standardized clinical prompts representing various Dupuytren’s disease scenarios were used to assess decision-making. Surgeons and AI systems provided management recommendations, which were analyzed for concordance, rationale, and predicted outcomes. Key metrics included union accuracy, surgeon agreement, precision, recall, and F1 scores. The study also evaluated AI performance in unanimous versus non-unanimous cases and inter-AI agreements. Results: Gemini and ChatGPT demonstrated the highest union accuracy (86.4% and 81.8%, respectively), while Copilot showed the lowest (40.9%). Surgeon agreement was highest for Gemini (45.5%) and ChatGPT (42.4%). AI systems performed better in unanimous cases (accuracy up to 92.0%) than in non-unanimous cases (accuracy as low as 35.0%). Inter-AI agreements ranged from 75.0% (ChatGPT-Gemini) to 48.0% (DeepSeek-Copilot). Precision, recall, and F1 scores were consistently higher for ChatGPT and Gemini than for other systems. Conclusions: AI systems, particularly Gemini and ChatGPT, show promise in aligning with expert surgical recommendations, especially in straightforward cases. However, significant variability exists, particularly in complex scenarios. AI should be viewed as complementary to clinical judgment, requiring further refinement and validation for integration into clinical practice.
Mortality Outcome Associated with Specific KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF Hot-Spot Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abdelgadir Omer , Kuo Yong-Fang , Khan M. Firoze , Okorodudu Anthony O. , Cheng Yu-Wei , Dong Jianli
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: The prognostic value of specific hot-spot mutations within KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) genes remains debatable. This study explores whether certain KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations are associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in mCRC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed records of 494 patients with mCRC treated at the University of Texas Medical Branch between January 2016 and July 2023. Data on genetic mutations and clinicopathological features were collected for this analysis. We estimated survival probabilities and conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the impact of specific mutations on all-cause mortality risk. Results: KRAS c.35G>T (p.Gly12Val) and c.34G>T (p.Gly12Cys) mutations were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the overall mCRC population and the treated mCRC subgroup. KRAS c.38G>A (p.Gly13Asp) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the treated mCRC subgroup but BRAF c.1799T>A (p.Val600Glu) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the overall mCRC population. No significant association was observed between NRAS mutations and mortality risk in mCRC, possibly due to their lower frequency or different biological effects compared to KRAS and BRAF mutations. Conclusions: These findings suggest that specific KRAS [c.35G>T (p.Gly12Val), c.34G>T (p.Gly12Cys), and c.38G>A (p.Gly13Asp)] and BRAF c.1799T>A (p.Val600Glu) mutations may have prognostic value in mCRC. However, given the single-center study design and lack of direct therapeutic implications, larger multicenter studies are needed to substantiate these results and better define the clinical relevance of these mutations.
How the Tourism Industry Can Help Resolve Mongolia’s Environmental Problems
Authors: Jing Lian , Stauvermann Peter J. , Kumar Ronald Ravinesh
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we use a theoretical model to show that the development of the tourism industry is very likely to significantly reduce environmental problems in Mongolia. Among other issues, Mongolia suffers from an excessively large livestock population, which causes considerable environmental damage. In particular, the excessive livestock population leads to the desertification of the Mongolian steppe, and the emissions of methane and nitrogen dioxide caused by the livestock contribute significantly to Mongolia’s greenhouse gas emissions. Our approach essentially relies on creating jobs in the growing tourism industry for those employed in agriculture, using appropriate economic tools. The consequences of such a change include decreasing environmental damages. Particularly, we analyze three policy measures, environmental taxes, lump-sum contributions of hotels to finance advertising, and a tax on profits, to finance advertising expenditures. To support our theoretical results, we show, using available data that it is very plausible to conclude that the GHG emissions caused by additional tourism are far less than the GHG emissions likely to be saved by our economic policy recommendations. This paper shall help economists and interested policymakers to understand how the development of tourism can reduce environmental damages.
Interventions Through Music and Interpersonal Synchrony That Enhance Prosocial Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pardo-Olmos Mireia , Martí-Vilar Manuel , Hidalgo-Fuentes Sergio , Cabedo-Peris Javier
Published: February 2025

Prosociality is essential in human interactions, characterized by voluntary behaviors aimed at benefiting others. Promoting such behaviors is indispensable for human relationships. Studies have demonstrated positive effects of interpersonal synchrony interventions through musical sessions. Some authors suggest that the joint creation of music facilitates prosocial behaviors (PB). This review aims to determine whether evidence supports the idea that participation in a musical interpersonal synchrony experience improves PB. A systematic review of 12 selected articles was conducted. The search was carried out in databases such as WoS, Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, Elsevier, and Eric. Results indicate that music, as a tool, creates an optimal environment for mimesis and group participation, which can enhance prosociality. Controlling variables such as sample size, population type, measurement instruments, techniques, and session design is necessary for future research. It is concluded that interpersonal synchrony through music appears to improve prosociality, although more robust studies are required.
Effects of Different Safety Vent Bursting Pressures on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Process and Reaction Product Compositions
Authors: Sun Honggang , Li Gang , Zhao Haoran , Yang Yuchong , Yuan Chunmiao
Published: February 2025

With the accelerated application of lithium-ion batteries, the design and optimization of their safety features have become increasingly important. However, the mechanisms by which different safety vent bursting pressures affect thermal runaway and its product compositions remain unclear. This study comparatively investigates the effects of safety vent bursting pressures of 1 MPa, 2 MPa, and 3 MPa on thermal runaway characteristics and product compositions. The results indicate that, under these three conditions, the safety vent bursts at approximately 800 s, 1000 s, and 1300 s after heating begins, with gas volumes of 5.3 L, 6.1 L, and 6.5 L, respectively. Additionally, higher bursting pressures lead to increased H2 production during thermal runaway. The characterization of solid product compositions reveals that the aluminum current collector participates in internal thermal runaway reactions, resulting in substances such as LiAlO2 or metallic Al in the solid products under different bursting pressures. This study provides important references for improving existing battery safety standards and optimizing battery safety designs. It also provides insights and references for metal recovery from batteries and investigations into battery fires.
Synergizing Machine Learning and Physical Models for Enhanced Gas Production Forecasting: A Comparative Study of Short- and Long-Term Feasibility
Authors: Raoof Bafren K. , Rabia Ali , Alameedy Usama , Shakor Pshtiwan , Karakouzian Moses
Published: February 2025

Advanced strategies for production forecasting, operational optimization, and decision-making enhancement have been employed through reservoir management and machine learning (ML) techniques. A hybrid model is established to predict future gas output in a gas reservoir through historical production data, including reservoir pressure, cumulative gas production, and cumulative water production for 67 months. The procedure starts with data preprocessing and applies seasonal exponential smoothing (SES) to capture seasonality and trends in production data, while an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) captures complicated spatiotemporal connections. The history replication in the models is quantified for accuracy through metric keys such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and R-squared. The future forecast is compared with an outcome of a previous physical model that integrates wells and reservoir properties to simulate gas production using regressions and forecasts based on empirical and theoretical relationships. Regression analysis ensures alignment between historical data and model predictions, forming a baseline for hybrid model performance evaluation. The results reveal the complementary attributes of these methodologies, providing insights into integrating data-driven and physics-based approaches for optimal reservoir management. The hybrid model captured the production rate conservatively with an extra margin of three years in favor of the physical model.
Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen-Enriched Gasoline Under Dynamic Driving Conditions
Authors: Rimkus Alfredas , Kozłowski Edward , Vipartas Tadas , Pukalskas Saugirdas , Wiśniowski Piotr , Matijošius Jonas
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the emission characteristics of hydrogen-enriched gasoline (95G5H2) under dynamic driving situations in order to fulfill the growing need for cleaner and more efficient automobile fuels. This study aimed to investigate the impact of hydrogen addition on pollutant-specific emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, and NOx, using a Nissan Qashqai that ran on both pure gasoline (100G) and 95G5H2. Emission statistics were obtained by computer simulations of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) applied using AVL CRUISE software. The paper presents a method of comparing the characteristics of pollutants emitted by the combustion engine and comparing the pollutants emitted when powered by regular fuel and fuel with hydrogen. The tests were performed in real conditions, and the presented method shows the amount of pollutants emitted when the vehicle is directly in motion, which allows for effective comparison of the amount of pollutants emitted for different fuels. 95G5H2 sharply reduces CO-, CO2-, and HC-specific emissions by 22.19%, 14.55%, and 35.46%, respectively, when compared to 100G. However, NOx-specific emissions increased by 20.17%, suggesting a compromise between higher combustion efficiency and higher burning temperatures. The study shows that 95G5H2 fuel performs better in urban driving cycles, including plenty of acceleration and deceleration, which usually results in incomplete combustion. Although additional refinement is needed to cut NOx-specific emissions, the results demonstrate that hydrogen-enriched fuels have considerable potential to lower vehicle-specific emissions. The significant conclusions of the study on the advantages of hydrogen-enriched fuels, both practically and environmentally, will help in the future development of environmentally friendly transportation solutions.
Optimization and Simulation in Biofuel Supply Chain
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Kim Sojung
Published: February 2025

Optimization is a key management science methodology utilizing mathematical techniques to determine optimal solutions to a variety of management challenges. The biofuel production process, comparable to existing supply chain operations, consists of complex interconnected activities among three principal components: farms, distribution networks, and refineries. To effectively manage the complex and large-scale biofuel supply chain network, it is essential to employ optimization methodologies such as linear programming and nonlinear programming. However, existing optimization methods are predominantly systematized for generalized issues such as manufacturing production scheduling and supply chain operations management, thus a systematic guideline indicating which techniques should be employed for specific problems in biofuel production and supply relative to the production and management of new and renewable energy sources is absent. Given the crucial need for a continuous increase in biofuel production and efficient management, optimization methods should be implemented. Accordingly, this study compiles optimization techniques suitable for biofuel supply chain operations through a thorough literature review. Particularly, this study examines methods ranging from conventional linear and nonlinear programming to recently utilized simulation-based optimization techniques, spurred by advancements in computing performance. Consequently, researchers and engineers will be equipped to select and implement suitable optimization methods for various challenges in the biofuel production process.
Cluster Partitioning Method for High-PV-Penetration Distribution Network Based on mGA-PSO Algorithm
Authors: Liu Zhu , Guo Guowei , Gong Dehuang , Xuan Lingfeng , He Feiwu , Wan Xinglin , Zhou Dongguo
Published: February 2025

To tackle the issues of scattered distributed photovoltaic access points and unbalanced cluster partitioning scales, an iterative clustering partitioning method is proposed, a which integrates micro-evolution genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (mGA-PSO). In this method, the complementary aspects of active and reactive power are quantified as key indicators, and node membership is incorporated to construct a comprehensive metric for the partitioning of a distributed PV cluster. Additionally, to improve the optimal search performance of high-penetration photovoltaic cluster partitioning, an enhanced learning-based modification factor is introduced in the genetic algorithm population selection, and a search and transfer mechanism based on historical population information is incorporated into the particle swarm algorithm. This enhances the particle swarm optimization capability with individual intelligent feedback. Experimental tests on the IEEE 34-node and IEEE 110-node systems demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms GA and PSO approaches in cluster partitioning, improving the convergence speed of the algorithm while avoiding local optima.
Retention of Fine Woody Debris Reduces Stability of Soil Organic Carbon Pool by Changing Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Enzyme Activities in Urban Picea koraiensis Plantations
Authors: Xing Honglin , Zhang Hao , Yang Ling
Published: February 2025

The importance of urban forest management and carbon cycle research has increased amidst ongoing urbanization. Understanding the potential impact of fine woody debris (FWD) retention as a management strategy on the soil organic carbon (SOC) levels and stability in urban forests is crucial. In this study, four FWD retention treatments (no retention, CK; low retention, LR; medium retention, MR; and high retention, HR) were implemented in Harbin urban Picea koraiensis Nakai plantations to investigate the stability of the SOC pool in response to these treatments. The FWD retention treatment had no significant effect on the soil’s physical and chemical properties and SOC concentration, but significantly reduced the total potassium and NO3− concentrations. The FWD retention treatment increased active SOC fractions and carbon-degrading enzyme activities, while reducing leucine aminopeptidase, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities, and the stability of the SOC pool. The random forest model showed that FWD retention, particulate organic carbon, cellobiohydrolases, and β-xylosidase enzyme activities were factors that significantly affected the stability of the SOC pool. These findings suggest that retaining a large amount of FWD in northeast China can benefit the soil carbon cycle in urban plantations by accelerating the turnover of active SOC fractions.
Combining Stand Diameter Distribution Quantified by the Weibull Function to Develop a Carbon Yield Model for Makino Bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata)
Authors: Liu Yi-Hung , Yen Tian-Ming
Published: February 2025

Bamboo forests with high potential carbon storage have been found worldwide. Makino bamboo is critical, with a broad area of plantations distributed around Taiwan. This study established a thinning trial to monitor aboveground carbon storage (AGCS) and aimed to develop a carbon yield model for this bamboo species based on the Weibull function. Four thinning treatments, each replicated four times, were applied in this study. We collected data in 2019 after thinning and in 2021. We used the allometric function to predict the AGCS and the Weibull function to quantify the diameter distribution for each record. The culm number (N) and the parameters of the Weibull function were employed as independent variables to develop the AGCS model. The results showed that using N as a variable had an 83.6% predictive capability (Radj2 = 0.836). When adding the parameters b and c of the Weibull function to the model, the predictive capability can improve to 93.9% (Radj2 = 0.939). This confirmed that adding the parameters of the Weibull function helped promote AGCS prediction for Makino bamboo. Moreover, the advantages of this model are that it not only shows AGCS but also displays the diameter distribution.
Semiautomatic Diameter-at-Breast-Height Extraction from Structure-from-Motion-Based Point Clouds Using a Low-Cost Fisheye Lens
Authors: Zeybek Mustafa
Published: February 2025

The diameter at breast height (DBH) is a fundamental index used to characterize trees and establish forest inventories. The conventional method of measuring the DBH involves using steel tape meters, rope, and calipers. Alternatively, this study has shown that it can be calculated automatically using image-based algorithms, thus reducing time and effort while remaining cost-effective. The method consists of three main steps: image acquisition using a fisheye lens, 3D point cloud generation using structure-from-motion (SfM)-based image processing, and improved DBH estimation. The results indicate that this proposed methodology is comparable to traditional urban forest DBH measurements, with a root-mean-square error ranging from 0.7 to 2.4 cm. The proposed approach has been evaluated using real-world data, and it has been determined that the F-score assessment metric achieves a maximum of 0.91 in a university garden comprising 74 trees. The successful automated DBH measurements through SfM combined with fisheye lenses demonstrate the potential to improve urban tree inventories.
Edge Feathering Across Forest-Meadow Ecotones Increases Light Heterogeneity and Understory Plant Diversity
Authors: Kadawatha Aruni D. , Mecaskey Jessica Miller , Swab Rebecca M. , Burns Jean H.
Published: February 2025

Ecotones, the transitional zones between distinct habitats, are vital for ecosystem functioning and habitat diversity. Traditional management practices frequently create abrupt boundaries, leading to stressful conditions for organisms. To address this challenge, an underutilized land management technique called “edge feathering”, which involves gradual thinning of the canopy along the forest edge, has been introduced. This study, conducted at Holden Arboretum in Kirtland, Ohio, investigated the effects of edge feathering on light availability and understory plant diversity in edge feathered and control treatments. We calculated the coefficient of variation in light availability as light heterogeneity and plant diversity indices at the plot level. Edge feathering increased light heterogeneity by more than 2.5-fold. It also significantly increased biodiversity, yielding twice the species richness and approximately 1.5 times higher Shannon and Simpson’s Diversity (1/D) indices compared to unmanaged control plots. Furthermore, greater light heterogeneity exhibited a strong positive correlation with increased understory plant diversity. These effects were observed within just 3.5 years of implementation, underscoring the rapid and measurable benefits of edge feathering for plant community diversity. Our results further suggest the hypothesis that light heterogeneity might be an important driver of small-scale plant community diversity in this system, which could be tested directly in the future.
An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Incorporating Natural Fibers on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete by Using Treated Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Application
Authors: Geremew Anteneh , Outtier Amelie , De Winne Pieter , Demissie Tamene Adugna , De Backer Hans
Published: February 2025

This research explores the use of treated hybrid natural fibers—wheat straw and bamboo—as reinforcements in concrete for pavement applications. Motivated by environmental and economic benefits, the study investigates how these fibers can enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. Wheat straw fibers, abundant in Ethiopia due to extensive wheat farming, help control micro-cracks and increase the tensile strength of concrete, while bamboo fibers, also locally available, reduce macro-crack propagation and improve concrete toughness. To prepare these fibers, wheat straw was cut to 25 mm in length and bamboo fibers were treated with a 5% sodium hydroxide solution before being cut into lengths of 30, 45, and 60 mm. A concrete mix targeting a cube compressive strength of 30 MPa incorporated 0.1% wheat straw fibers, with varying bamboo fiber contents (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) by weight of cement. The results indicate that the uniquely treated hybrid natural fiber-reinforced concrete mix exhibits noticeable enhancements in mechanical properties, with approximate increases of 4.16%, 8.80%, and 8.93% at 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. Furthermore, the split tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability properties of the concrete were significantly improved by the proposed fiber concentration and length compared to the control concrete mix design. This treatment also shifted the failure mode of the concrete from brittle to ductile and enhanced its energy absorption capacity up to 7.88% higher than that of the control concrete. Based on the AASHTO 1993 pavement design guidelines, this fiber-reinforced concrete reduces pavement thickness by 11% compared to the control concrete while improving post-cracking behavior. This hybrid natural fiber-reinforced concrete presents a promising, sustainable, and eco-friendly alternative for rigid pavement construction.