bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and the role of the family doctor in the small bowel neoplasm
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, CADAR Dorotea Ramona , MATEI Dumitru ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti,   Institutul Naţional pentru Sănătatea Mamei şi Copilului „Alessandrescu-Rusescu“, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

Small bowel neoplasm is extremely rare, a reason for which it has a limited knowledge and understanding. Very few things are known about its etiology. Yet a high risk to develop a small bowel cancer was noted for patients with Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. A few modifiable risk factors were incriminated, such as the consumption of smoked meat, saturated fats, obesity and smoking, which also increase the incidence of small bowel neoplasm. Thus, it was observed that more considerable research is required, as well as more consistent statistical data, to understand better the etiology and biology of this type of cancer. We need to mention that a higher commitment from the family doctor is needed in the prevention and dispensarization of this pathology.
Higher Rate of Patellofemoral Problems After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Hamstring Autograft
Authors: Phatama Krisna Yuarno , Darmawansa Romy , Oktafandi I Gusti Ngurah Arga Aldrian , Cendikiawan Felix , Pribadi Alva , Siahaan Lasa Dhakka , Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Mustamsir Edi
Published: September 2021

Background: Patellofemoral problems are not uncommon among post-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction patients. Hamstring autograft harvesting-related factor is one of the suspected causes. A lack of tibiofemoral internal rotation force due to strength deficit causes the patella tends to shift laterally.
Purposes: Peroneus longus tendon has been proposed as an alternative graft source due to its adequate tensile strength and minimal donor site morbidity to the knee biomechanics, including the patellofemoral joint. This tendon does not cross the knee joint and thus does not affect patellofemoral alignment and biomechanics. This study aims to compare patellofemoral problems between hamstring and peroneus longus autograft harvested-patients following ACL reconstruction.
Material and methods: Thirty-one subjects who underwent primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction between September 2018 and September 2019 and met the inclusion criteria were grouped into the hamstring group (n=16) and peroneus longus group (n=15). Both groups were evaluated retrospectively. The follow-up assessment was conducted on the phase II rehabilitation program. The assessed variables were pain, crepitus, and the Indonesian-validated Kujala score.
Results: No significant differences in pain and crepitus were found between both groups. There were significant differences in the Kujala score between both groups (P < .001). The peroneus longus group reported an averagely higher score than the hamstring group.
Conclusion: Single bundle ACL reconstruction using peroneus longus tendon autograft produces less patellofemoral symptoms and functional limitation than using hamstring tendon autograft.
eHealth Literacy and Self-care Behavior during the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic among Youths: A Path Analysis
Authors: Nugroho Daniel Chriswinanto Adityo , Sulistiawan Dedik , Arifa Riza Fatma , Gayatri Maria , Puspitasari Mardiana Dwi , Prabowo Fuad Wahyu
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: eHealth literacy can affect one’s health behavior through the intention to motivate individuals and allow them to make health-related choices.

AIM: This study aimed to examine the association between eHealth literacy and self-care behavior among youths in Yogyakarta during the coronavirus disease pandemic.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 455 never-married youths aged 15–24 years who lived in Yogyakarta Province completed the online survey that was conducted from October 5 to October 19, 2020. There were some indicators measured in the survey: eHealth Literacy, health information-seeking behavior, the intention of health maintenance, self-maintenance of health behavior, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and attitude toward health maintenance. Path analysis was conducted to determine the influencing factors of eHealth literacy and self-care behavior.

RESULTS: Five in 10 youths accessed the internet more than 4 hours a day, though more than half of youths had low eHealth literacy levels. Intention (β = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.01–0.18; p = 0.037), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.38–0.54; p ≤ 0.001), and subjective norms (β = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.16–0.33; p ≤ 0.001) had a significant positive direct effect on youth self-care behavior. Attitude indirectly affects self-care behavior through the intention (β = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.39–0.53; p ≤ 0.001) together with eHealth literacy (β = 0.11; 95% CI= 0.04–0.18; p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Health literacy does not explicitly affect youths’ self-care behavior, but it becomes crucial when it builds youths’ intention to behave healthier. The positive impact of intention to enhance self-health care seems to have occurred only if eHealth literacy was adopted.
The Role of Interleukin in Ectopic Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hadi Cahyono , Budiman Jethro , Prasetyo Awal , Pramana Cipta
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the implantation of an embryo outside the eutopic cavity with the most location of EP is in the fallopian tube (FT), known as tubal EP (TEP). The FT of TEP expresses higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-8.

AIM: The study aimed to look systematically into the current literature and carefully analyze the results to explore the role of IL in EP.

METHODS: Three independent reviewers conducted the literature search through some electronic databases searching for articles fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. The lead author independently assessed the risk of bias of each of the 313 articles identified in database searching, 12 articles met the criteria for this review.

CONCLUSION: IL-6 and IL-8 have diagnostic significance in predicting EP with the cutoff levels of IL-6 and IL-8 which were 26.48 and 40 pg/mL. Further, research is needed for the role of other interleukins in EP.
La racialisation des patient·e·s « roms » par les médecins urgentistes
Authors: Prud’homme Dorothée
Published: September 2021

Cet article met au jour la racialisation à laquelle procèdent les médecins urgentistes envers des patient·e·s qu’elles et ils identifient comme roms – soit des patient·e·s perçu·e·s comme conjuguant altérité « ethno-raciale » et précarités socio-économique, résidentielle et administrative – expliquant par « leur différence culturelle » leurs motifs de recours aux services d’urgences. Ces motifs sont pourtant identiques à ceux invoqués par la majorité des publics de ces services eux aussi caractérisés par leurs conditions économiques, résidentielles ou administratives précaires. L’analyse de la conception que les ugentistes se font de leurs missions professionnelles et des enjeux de rentabilité financière que les réformes du new public management imposent à ces services, révèle les usages fonctionnels de la racialisation. En invisibilisant leur précarité socio-économique, administrative ou résidentielle, la racialisation des patient·e·s « roms » permet ainsi aux médecins urgentistes des hôpitaux publics de valoriser la réalisation de prouesses médicales au détriment de tâches susceptibles de mener à leur déclassement professionnel.
Presencia de Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) raymondi (Mulsant & Godart, 1860) (Coleoptera, Oedemeridae) en el Magreb occidental (Norte de África)
Authors: Ruiz José L. , García-París Mario
Published: September 2021

Se informa de la presencia de una población establecida de Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) raymondi en la Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta (España, extremo septentrional de la península Tingitana). Este nuevo registro confirma la presencia de N. (X.) raymondi en el Magreb occidental, tras más de medio siglo sin datos al respecto. La presencia de N. (X.) raymondi en Ceuta extiende su distribución norteafricana hacia el noroeste, completando el vacío de registros entre las poblaciones argelinas e ibéricas, y apoya la veracidad de dos antiguas citas normarroquíes dudosas (Rif y Atlas Medio). Los ejemplares estudiados fueron atraídos por luces artificiales durante la noche, en diferentes ocasiones a lo largo de los meses de julio y agosto. Los rasgos morfológicos de los ejemplares ceutíes son similares a los de los ejemplares ibéricos examinados por lo que se confirma su identidad con N. (X.) raymondi raymondi (Mulsant & Godart, 1860).
Cámaras de aireación como sistema de control de la humedad de capilaridad en edificios históricos. Criterios de diseño
Authors: Gil-Muñoz María Teresa , Lasheras-Merino Félix
Published: September 2021

La cámara pasiva de aireación o de ventilación es un tratamiento posible frente a las lesiones causadas por humedad capilar en edificios construidos en suelos no saturados. Un diagnóstico preciso sobre el estado actual del cimiento o de los muros determinará la idoneidad de esta solución. El uso de unos criterios acertados para su diseño y dimensionado es necesario para tener un buen resultado, que ha de ir acompañado de un seguimiento y mantenimiento del sistema. Ante la carencia de unas pautas que definan estas recomendaciones, se expone la presente investigación como aproximación a la relación de aspectos y cuestiones a tener en cuenta en el diseño de este tipo de cámaras. Previamente se ha analizado en campo el funcionamiento de los distintos tipos de cámaras identificadas, además de los aspectos formales y constructivos que los caracterizan, así como sus condiciones de contorno y particulares, que sirven de base para estructurar los criterios de diseño de este tratamiento.
An Empirical Study of the Indian IT Sector on Typologies of Workaholism as Predictors of HR Crisis
Authors: Pandey Shivani
Published: September 2021

Workaholism, in recent years, has become a regular behaviour pattern among professionals. While self-negligence is assumed as a hallmark of workaholism, empirical data in this case stands to be both narrow and paradoxical. Modern developments like high-speed data connections add more to this belief, as this makes it possible for employees who would like to work at any place and at any given point of time to work. Workaholism is found to affect several important domains of life. With regards to work domain, workaholics commonly seem to have poor associations with their peer/colleagues, most likely on the grounds that they often feel the need to control them and experience issues with delegating work. Given that the amount of time they invested in their work leaves little energy for them for other activities, also the social life outside work gets hampered. This chapter explores the relationship between workaholism, perceived work-related stress, different job conditions, and intensifying anxiety among IT professionals in Delhi/NCR.
Women Managers and Generations
Authors: Tolani Kanchan Chandar , Bhadade Pritam , Patil Kavita , Shrivastava Archana
Published: September 2021

The number of women in organizations is increasing in most countries, but the representation of women in managerial positions is still disproportional. The percentage of women in leadership positions globally is only 29%. Grant Thornton annual survey 2019 reveals that India still ranks the fifth lowest in having women in managerial roles. Thus, though diversity at work is increasing, there are still fewer women in the boardroom. The main reason for this is the hurdles and obstacles that women managers face. The chapter studies the various obstacles faced by women managers. Also, it takes into account the role of generation and aims at comparing the hurdles faced by women managers belonging to Generations X and Y. The study is undertaken with special reference to the banking sector. Major findings reveal that there is a difference in obstacles faced by women managers belonging to Generations X and Y.
Automobile Predictive Maintenance Using Deep Learning
Authors: Dash Sanjit Kumar , Raj Satyam , Agarwal Rahul , Mishra Jibitesh
Published: September 2021

There are three types of maintenance management policy Run-tofailure (R2F), Preventive Maintenance (PvM) and Predictive Maintenance (PdM). In both R2F and PdM we have the data related to the maintenance cycle. In case of Preventive Maintenance (PvM) complete information about maintenance cycle is not available. Among these three maintenance policies, predictive Maintenance (PdM) is becoming a very important strategy as it can help us to minimize the repair time and the associated cost with it. In this paper we have proposed PdM, which allows the dynamic decision rules for the maintenance management. PdM is achieved by training the machine learning model with the datasets. It also helps in planning of maintenance schedules. We specially focused on two models that are Binary Classification and Recurrent Neural Network. In Binary Classification we classify whether our data belongs to the failure class or the non failure class. In Binary Classification the number of cycles is entered and classification model predicts whether it belongs to the failure/non failure class.
A New Internet Public Opinion Evaluation Model
Authors: Tu Sheng-Tsung , Lu Louis Y. Y. , Hsieh Chih-Hung , Wu Chia-Yu
Published: September 2021

This research retrieved public opinions on the novel coronavirus pandemic with the aid of the DiVoMiner. The data were collected by setting keywords via qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and automated computational approach, and the collected data were analyzed subsequently. The present study divided keyword collections into three categories, namely the name of diseases, government policies and COVID-19 events. It was found the retrieved Internet public opinions on COVID-19 was the largest in number and contained the least noise when the three categories of keywords appeared at the same time. Therefore, the data of Internet public opinions = the name of diseases × (government policies + COVID-19 events). This research found that an event that happens daily will affect the number of Internet public opinions on social media and forums after it has been reported. The strong negative emotion conveyed through the Internet public opinion may turn into a positive one if the event is dealt with properly after positive focus words represent the same proportion as negative ones.
Towards Automated Detection of Higher-Order Command Injection Vulnerabilities in IoT Devices
Authors: Yu Lei , Wang Haoyu , Li Linyu , He Houhua
Published: September 2021

Command injection vulnerabilities are among the most common and dangerous attack vectors in IoT devices. Current detection approaches can detect single-step injection vulnerabilities well by fuzzing tests. However, an attacker could inject malicious commands in an IoT device via a multi-step exploit if he first abuses an interface to store the injection payload and later use it in a command interpreter through another interface. We identify a large class of such multi-step injection attacks to address these stealthy and harmful threats and define them as higher-order command injection vulnerabilities (HOCIVs). We develop an automatic system named Request Linking (ReLink) to detect data stores that would be transferred to command interpreters and then identify HOCIVs. ReLink is validated on an experimental embedded system injected with 150 HOCIVs. According to the experimental results, ReLink is significantly better than existing command injection detection tools in terms of detection rate, test space and time.
Evaluation on Risk Factors of Elderly Services From the Perspective of Integrated SCOR Model
Authors: He Jingshi , Zhu Jiali
Published: September 2021

Analysing and identifying the risk factors of elderly services is conducive to improving the risk management capabilities of the elderly care industry and maintaining the safety and stability of the elderly care service industry chain. Based on the integrated Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, a risk indicator system for elderly services supply chain was established from plan, design, supply, implementation, and customer service. The DEA method with Entropy-AHP mixed constraint was introduced to deal with the weight freedom of traditional DEA method. Taking the likelihood, exposure and consequence of risk occurrence as decision variables, the risk evaluation and ranking of the indicators were carried out. According to the empirical analysis based on the data of elderly care institutions in the Pearl River Delta of China, the biggest Pareto risk factors in the first-level and second-level indicators, the risk growth and reduction ratios of the first-level indicators were obtained.
How KOLs Influence Consumer Purchase Intention in Short Video Platforms
Authors: Gong Xuandi , Ren Jinluan , Zeng Li , Xing Rubin
Published: September 2021

In recent years, Key Opinion Leader (KOL) marketing opens up a new mode of social commerce by effectively integrating social networking and marketing since it has been successfully taking advantage of KOL’s high popularity to promote products. This study expands the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model by combining the communication persuasion theory with the flow experience theory. Our model considers the characteristics of KOLs and published content features as independent variables, consumer perception as the mediating variable and consumer purchase intention as the dependent variable. This study also refines the measurement dimensions of each variable and analyzes KOL impacts on consumer purchase intention on short video platforms. After analyzing 357 valid questionnaires, we find that the variables –reputation, perceived fit, aesthetic quality and content richness have significant impacts on consumer purchase intention where virtual touch and emotional response play intermediary roles. This study provides insights into KOL marketing.
Impact of Website Interface on Customer Experience and Engagement Intention in Online Hotel Booking
Authors: Le Tran-Thien-Y , Chen Ja-Shen
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the impacts of a website interface on customer experience and engagement intention in online hotel booking services. A research model was proposed to discuss the interrelationships among website interface attributes, online customer experience, and customer engagement intention. The moderating effects of self-efficacy were also included. A quantitative approach of collecting 608 usable online questionnaires was conducted, and SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the measurement model and proposed hypotheses. The results demonstrated that customer experience was affected by the information attributes, service attributes, and technical attributes of the booking website interface. Furthermore, customer experience was found to be positively related to customer engagement intention on booking websites. Moderating effects of web self-efficacy on these relationships were suggested.
The Link Between Standardization and Economic Growth
Authors: Heikkilä Jussi , Ali-Vehmas Timo , Rissanen Julius
Published: September 2021

We analyze the link between standardization and economic growth by systematically reviewing leading economics journals, leading economic growth researchers’ articles, and economic growth-related books. We make the following observations: 1) No article has analyzed the link between standardization and economic growth in top5 economics journals between 1996 and 2018. 2) A representative sample of the leading researchers of economic growth has allocated little attention to the link between standardization and economic growth. 3) Typically, economic growth textbooks do not contain “standards” or “standardization” in their word indexes. These findings suggest that the economic growth theory has neglected the role of standardization.
From Learning Literature to Online Holistic Education
Authors: Chien Chih-Feng , Liao Ching-Jung
Published: September 2021

This study utilizes the literature education section of an online holistic environment to: (1) develop a literature education survey based on Miller’s (2007) theory of holistic education, (2) explore the effect of students’ holistic learning through online literature immersion, and (3) inquire about students’ holistic development through literature appreciation. Eight hundred twenty two college students were involved in the online literature-related activities. With qualitative and quantitative data collection, the study analyzes online literature and poetry, interactive feedback and reflection, and a survey questionnaire. The study’s content analysis discovers how students’ literature works are distributed into Miller’s three principles of holistic education and their extensive subthemes. Confirmatory factor analysis results suggest the survey instrument captured e-HO’s literature education module’s holistic impact. The discussion and limitations for online literature education from a holistic education perspective are also provided to guide future research
Personalized Smart Learning Recommendation System for Arabic Users in Smart Campus
Authors: Meddeb Ons , Maraoui Mohsen , Zrigui Mounir
Published: September 2021

The advancement of technologies has modernized learning within smart campuses and has emerged new context through communication between mobile devices. Although there is a revolutionary way to deliver long-term education, a great diversity of learners may have different levels of expertise and cannot be treated in a consistent manner. Nevertheless, multimedia documents recommendation in Arabic language has represented a problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to their richness of features and analysis ambiguities. To tackle the sparsity problem, smart learning recommendation-based approach is proposed for inferring the format of the suitable Arabic document in a contextual situation. Indeed, the user-document interactions are modeled efficiently through deep neural networks architectures. Given the contextual sensor data, the suitable document with the best format is thereafter predicted. The findings suggest that the proposed approach might be effective in improving the learning quality and the collaboration notion in smart learning environment
Research on Small Group Writing Activities Compared to Individual Flipped Model Through WhatsApp
Authors: Arifani Yudhi
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Investigate the ability of EFL learners’cohesion with small group writing activities compared to individual flipped instruction model through Whatsapp with individual writing activities Design/Method: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and a pre-test/post-test design was implemented to find any significant difference between the two combinations. The instrument of this study was a writing test. Findings: The findings revealed that the small group flipped classroom instruction model through Whatsapp with small group writing activities performed better than teaching cohesion with individual flipped instruction through Whatsapp with individual writing activities. Originality: Flipped classroom innovation has attracted English Language Teaching researchers’ attention to scrutinize its effectiveness.
Design and Analysis of a RFID Reader Microstrip Array Antenna for IoT Applications in Smart Cities
Authors: Benkhadda Omaima , Saih Mohamed , kebir Chaji  , Reha Abdelati
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the design of 2*1 and 4*1 RFID reader microstrip array antenna at 2.4GHz for the Internet of things (IoT) networks which are Zigbee, Bluetooth and WIFI. The proposed antenna is composed of identical circular shapes radiating patches printed in FR4 substrate. The dielectric constant εr and substrate thickness h are 4.4 and 1.6mm, respectively. The 2*1 and 4*1 array antennas present a gain improvement of 27.3% and 61.9%, respectively. The single,2*1 and 4*1 array antennas were performed with CADFEKO.
Improving Customer Value Index and Consumption Forecasts Using a Weighted RFM Model and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Wu Zongxiao , Zang Cong , Wu Chia-Huei , Deng Zilin , Shao Xuefeng , Liu Wei
Published: September 2021

Collecting and mining customer consumption data are crucial to assess customer value and predict customer consumption behaviors. This paper proposes a new procedure, based on an improved Random Forest Model by: adding a new indicator, joining the RFMS-based method to a K-means algorithm with the Entropy Weight Method applied in computing the customer value index, classifying customers to different categories, and then constructing a consumption forecasting model whose RMSE is the smallest in all kinds of data mining models. The results show that identifying customers by this improved RMF model and customer value index facilitates customer profiling, and forecasting customer consumption enables the development of more precise marketing strategies.
Assessment of Household Catastrophic Total Cost of Tuberculosis and Its Determinants in Cairo: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ellaban Manar M. , Basyoni Nashwa I. , Boulos Dina N. K. , Rady Mervat , Gadallah Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Background: One goal of the End tuberculosis (TB) Strategy is to see no TB-affected households experiencing catastrophic costs. Therefore, it is crucial for TB-elimination programs to identify catastrophic costs and their main drivers in order to establish appropriate health and social measures. This study aimed to measure the percent of catastrophic costs experienced by Egyptian TB patients and to identify its determinants.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 151 Egyptian TB patients recruited from two chest dispensaries from the Cairo governate from May 2019 to May 2020. We used a validated World Health Organization TB patient-cost tool to collect data on patients’ demographic information, household income, and direct and indirect expense of seeking TB treatment. We considered catastrophic TB costs to be total costs exceeding 20% of the household’s annual income.Results: Of the patients, 33% experienced catastrophic costs. The highest proportion of the total came in the pretreatment stage. Being the main breadwinner, experiencing job loss, selling property, and the occurrence of early coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown were independent determinants of the incidence of catastrophic costs. Borrowing money and selling property were the most-often reported coping strategies adopted.Conclusion: Despite the availability of free TB care under the Egyptian National TB Program, nearly a third of the TB patients incurred catastrophic costs. Job loss and being the main breadwinner were among the significant predictors of catastrophic costs. Social protection mechanisms, including cash assistance and insurance coverage, are necessary to achieve the goal of the End TB Strategy.
Does the Use of Asthma-Controller Medication in Accordance with Guidelines Reduce the Incidence of Acute Exacerbations and Healthcare Costs?
Authors: Lee Suh-Young , Kim Kyungjoo , Park Yong Bum , Yoo Kwang Ha
Published: September 2021

Background: In asthma, consistent control of chronic airway inflammation is crucial, and the use of asthma-controller medication has been emphasized. Our purpose in this study is to compare the incidence of acute exacerbation and healthcare costs related to the use of asthma-controller medication.Methods: By using data collected by the National Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we compared one-year clinical outcomes and medical costs from July 2014 to June 2015 (follow-up period) between two groups of patients with asthma who received different prescriptions for recommended asthma-controller medication (inhaled corticosteroids or leukotriene receptor antagonists) at least once from July 2013 to June 2014 (assessment period).Results: There were 51,757 patients who satisfied our inclusion criteria. Among them, 13,702 patients (26.5%) were prescribed a recommended asthma-controller medication during the assessment period. In patients using a recommended asthma-controller medication, the frequency of acute exacerbations decreased in the follow-up period, from 2.7% to 1.1%. The total medical costs of the controller group decreased during the follow-up period compared to the assessment period, from $3,772,692 to $1,985,475. Only 50.9% of patients in the controller group used healthcare services in the follow-up period, and the use of asthma-controller medication decreased in the follow-up period.Conclusion: Overall, patients using a recommended asthma-controller medication showed decreased acute exacerbation and reduced total healthcare cost by half.
A Pulmonary Lactobacillus murinus Strain Induces Th17 and RORγt+ Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Lung Inflammation in Tuberculosis
Authors: Bernard-Raichon Lucie , Colom André , Monard Sarah C , Namouchi Amine , Cescato Margaux , Garnier Hugo , Leon-Icaza Stephen A , Métais Arnaud , Dumas Alexia , Corral Dan , Ghebrendrias Natsinet , Guilloton Pauline , Vérollet Christel , Hudrisier Denis , Remot Aude , Langella Philippe , Thomas Muriel , Cougoule Céline , Neyrolles Olivier , Lugo-Villarino Geanncarlo
Published: September 2021

The lungs harbor multiple resident microbial communities, otherwise known as the microbiota. There is an emerging interest in deciphering whether the pulmonary microbiota modulate local immunity, and whether this knowledge could shed light on mechanisms operating in the response to respiratory pathogens. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a pulmonary Lactobacillus strain to modulate the lung T cell compartment and assess its prophylactic potential upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis. In naive mice, we report that a Lactobacillus murinus (Lagilactobacillus murinus) strain (CNCM I-5314) increases the presence of lung Th17 cells and of a regulatory T cell (Treg) subset known as RORγt+ Tregs. In particular, intranasal but not intragastric administration of CNCM I-5314 increases the expansion of these lung leukocytes, suggesting a local rather than systemic effect. Resident Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs display an immunosuppressive phenotype that is accentuated by CNCM I-5314. Despite the well-known ability of M. tuberculosis to modulate lung immunity, the immunomodulatory effect by CNCM I-5314 is dominant, as Th17 and RORγt+ Tregs are still highly increased in the lung at 42-d postinfection. Importantly, CNCM I-5314 administration in M. tuberculosis–infected mice results in reduction of pulmonary inflammation, without increasing M. tuberculosis burden. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for an immunomodulatory capacity of CNCM I-5314 at steady state and in a model of chronic inflammation in which it can display a protective role, suggesting that L. murinus strains found in the lung may shape local T cells in mice and, perhaps, in humans.
Severity of Sepsis Determines the Degree of Impairment Observed in Circulatory and Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 T Cell Populations
Authors: Moioffer Steven J , Danahy Derek B , van de Wall Stephanie , Jensen Isaac J , Sjaastad Frances V , Anthony Scott M , Harty John T , Griffith Thomas S , Badovinac Vladimir P
Published: September 2021

Sepsis reduces the number and function of memory CD8 T cells within the host, contributing to the long-lasting state of immunoparalysis. Interestingly, the relative susceptibility of memory CD8 T cell subsets to quantitative/qualitative changes differ after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)–induced sepsis. Compared with circulatory memory CD8 T cells (TCIRCM), moderate sepsis (0–10% mortality) does not result in numerical decline of CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), which retain their “sensing and alarm” IFN-γ–mediated effector function. To interrogate this biologically important dichotomy, vaccinia virus–immune C57BL/6 (B6) mice containing CD8 TCIRCM and skin TRM underwent moderate or severe (∼50% mortality) sepsis. Severe sepsis led to increased morbidity and mortality characterized by increased inflammation compared with moderate CLP or sham controls. Severe CLP mice also displayed increased vascular permeability in the ears. Interestingly, skin CD103+ CD8 TRM, detected by i.v. exclusion or two-photon microscopy, underwent apoptosis and subsequent numerical loss following severe sepsis, which was not observed in mice that experienced moderate CLP or sham surgeries. Consequently, severe septic mice showed diminished CD8 T cell–mediated protection to localized skin reinfection. Finally, the relationship between severity of sepsis and demise in circulatory versus tissue-embedded memory CD8 T cell populations was confirmed by examining tumor-infiltrating and nonspecific CD8 T cells in B16 melanoma tumors. Thus, sepsis can differentially affect the presence and function of Ag-specific CD8 T cells that reside inside tissues/tumors depending on the severity of the insult, a notion with direct relevance to sepsis survivors and their ability to mount protective memory CD8 T cell–dependent responses to localized Ag re-encounter.
Murine Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Is Essential for Antifungal Defenses in Kidneys during Disseminated Cryptococcus deneoformans Infection
Authors: Goughenour Kristie D , Zhao Jessica , Xu Jintao , Zhao Ziyin P , Ganguly Anutosh , Freeman Christine M , Olszewski Michal A
Published: September 2021

Disseminated cryptococcosis has a nearly 70% mortality, mostly attributed to CNS infection, with lesser-known effects on other organs. Immune protection against Cryptococcus relies on Th1 immunity with M1 polarization, rendering macrophages fungicidal. The importance of M1-upregulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) has been documented in pulmonary anticryptococcal defenses, whereas its role in disseminated cryptococcosis remains controversial. Here we examined the effect of iNOS deletion in disseminated (i.v.) C. deneoformans 52D infection, comparing wild-type (C57BL/6J) and iNOS−/− mice. iNOS−/− mice had significantly reduced survival and nearly 100-fold increase of the kidney fungal burden, without increases in the lungs, spleen, or brain. Histology revealed extensive lesions and almost complete destruction of the kidney cortical area with a loss of kidney function. The lack of fungal control was not due to a failure to recruit immune cells because iNOS−/− mice had increased kidney leukocytes. iNOS−/− mice also showed no defect in T cell polarization. We conclude that iNOS is critically required for local anticryptococcal defenses in the kidneys, whereas it appears to be dispensable in other organs during disseminated infection. This study exemplifies a unique phenotype of local immune defenses in the kidneys and the organ-specific importance of a single fungicidal pathway.
The Association Between Running Injuries and Training Parameters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fredette Anny , Roy Jean-Sébastien , Perreault Kadija , Dupuis Frédérique , Napier Christopher , Esculier Jean-Francois
Published: September 2021

Objective

To synthesize the current evidence on the incidence of running-related injuries (RRIs) and their association with training parameters (distance, duration, frequency, intensity), as well as recent changes in training parameters.

Data Sources

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE/Ovid, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus from their inception through July 7, 2020.

Study Selection

Included articles had to report prospective data on RRIs and training parameters or any changes in parameters and be published in English or French. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts.

Data Extraction

Two independent raters performed data extraction and quality assessment using QualSyst, a quality appraisal tool.

Data Synthesis

A total of 36 articles that involved 23 047 runners were included. Overall, 6043 runners (26.2%) sustained an RRI (incidence range = 8.8%–91.3%). The incidence of RRI was 14.9% in novice runners (range = 9.4%–94.9%), 26.1% in recreational runners (range = 17.9%–79.3%), and 62.6% in competitive runners (range = 52.6%–91.3%). The 3 most frequently injured body parts were the knee (25.8%), foot/ankle (24.4%), and lower leg (24.4%). Overall, evidence about the association between weekly running distance, duration, frequency, intensity, or specific changes in training parameters and the onset of RRIs was conflicting.

Conclusions

Despite high rates of RRIs, current evidence does not consistently link RRIs with specific training parameters or recent changes in training parameters. Therefore, caution should be taken when recommending optimal parameters or progressions. Given the multifactorial nature of RRIs, future studies also need to consider the interactions between training parameters as well as psychosocial, hormonal, lifestyle, and recovery outcomes to better understand the onset of RRIs.
Pădurile virgine în inima Europei. Importanța, situația curentă și viitorul pădurilor virgine ale României
Authors: Luick Rainer , Reif Albert , Schneider Erika , Grossmann Manfred , Fodor Ecaterina
Published: September 2021

Raportul „Pădurile virgine în inima Europei” (2021), autori; Rainer Luick, Albert Reif, Erika Schneider, Manfred Grossmann și Ecaterina Fodor este o analiză detaliată a importanței, situației actuale și viitorului pădurilor seculare din România. Autorii subliniază marea lor simpatie față de România și abordează importanța ultimelor păduri seculare din Carpații românești pentru moștenirea naturală a Europei. De asemenea, sunt descrise detaliat neputința și lipsa de interes din partea instituțiilor statului în protejarea pădurilor seculare și virgine. Investigațiile asupra corupției profunde și imixtiunii criminale în sectoarele silviculturii și exploatării lemnului scot la iveală interferențe șocante între politică, administrație și corporații. Existând informații asupra tăierilor la scară mare în arii protejate, studiul este centrat pe întrebarea de ce instituțiile UE au avut reacții puține în decursul multor ani la aceste probleme. Autorii cer ca protecția ultimelor păduri virgine din centrul Europei să devină o preocupare a organismelor pan-europene. Acest demers este formulat ca un element cheie pentru Strategia pentru Biodiversitate a Europei până în 2030. România ar deveni astfel un test de litmus asupra șanselor de reușită ale strategiei.
Materiały źródłowe do dziejów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Cz. 7. Z problematyki miejskiej w XVII w.
Authors: Gordziejew Jerzy
Published: September 2021

Source Materials for the History of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Part 7. on Municipal Issues in the 17th Century

The source materials contained in this volume encompass a number of 17th-century documents that describe the introduction of political and tax regulations in towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The edition of the first two letters written in 1615 and 1636 and regarding the establishment of local municipal government in Słonim (a county town in the Nowogródek [Navahrudak] province) provides valuable information about the legal and political characteristics of towns of this region. The third source is a copy of the regional privilege of the Połock land from 1511 that was issued by Sigismund I in 1623. The following thematically related documents are a decree of the administrator of the treasury of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Adam Maciej Sakowicz issued in 1659 and his letter concerning the exemption of townspeople and Jews from the Pińsk town from tax payments. The last document – an excerpt from the municipal records of Vitebsk dated 1674 – illustrates the process of acquisition of real property by townsman Semion Siwiec. Its analysis is an interesting example of the Polish-Belarusian language borderland specific to eastern territories of the Commonwealth.
Dokumenty życia społecznego z kolekcji księgarza Mariana Krzyżanowskiego jako źródło do badań nad życiem muzycznym oraz teatralnym Krakowa i Warszawy w XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Uljasz Adrian
Published: September 2021

From the Collection of the Bookseller Marian Krzyżanowski as a Source of Research on the Musical and Theatrical Life of Cracow and Warsaw in the 19th and 20th Century

Programs and posters of theatre performances and concerts, as well as similar prints, serve as a valuable source of research on the tradition of the theatrical and musical life of particular cities. The Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow contains materials of this kind referring to cultural events in Cracow and Warsaw, which were collected by the Cracow bookseller, antiquarian and publisher Marian Krzyżanowski, a son of the Cracow bookseller and publisher Stanisław Andrzej Krzyżanowski. These are posters from classical music concerts, theatrical programs and invitations. The documents were prepared in the years 1884–1955. A large part of them is the documentation of the activity of the concert office run by Stanisław Krzyżanowski beside the bookshop from 1870. These prints are analysed in the paper. The overview of social life documents was preceded by information about Stanisław Andrzej Krzyżanowski and his son Marian and their activity in such fields as the animation of musical culture.
„Tygodnik Polski” (Harbin 1922-1942) jako źródło do dziejów polskiej emigracji w Chinach
Authors: Wierzbicki Paweł
Published: September 2021

Tygodnik Polski (Harbin 1922–1942) as a Source for the History of Polish Emigration in China

Harbin, a city located in Manchuria in the Far East, became an important centre of Polish emigration in the first half of the 20th century. It was inhabited by a few thousand Polish expatriates, who could attend Polish churches and schools and had Polish social, economic and cultural organisations here. They also published books and periodicals. The longest existing periodical was Tygodnik Polski, a weekly founded by priest Władysław Ostrowski. In spite of financial difficulties and a small number of Poles in Manchuria, Tygodnik survived for 20 years (1922–1942), becoming an important source documenting the life of the Polish community in that area. Among Polish periodicals issued in Asia, it was published for the longest time and was the only Polish periodical in Asia for some time. The aim of the presented paper is to supplement the existing state of research with new information regarding the publication, edition, character and mission of the weekly. Among raised problems, the issues of upbringing and education were highlighted. The research was based on an analysis of annual volumes of Tygodnik Polski.
„Wierzę, że i ja mam wyznaczoną pewną rolę na ziemi”. Nieznane listy Jana Otrębskiego do Jana Rozwadowskiego w Bibliotece Naukowej PAU i PAN w Krakowie
Authors: Lemanaitė-Deprati Greta
Published: September 2021

“I Believe that a Designated Role on Earth is There for Me as Well”. Unknown Letters from Jan Otrębski to Jan Rozwadowski in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences In Kraków

The Special Collections Department of the PAU and PAN Scientific Library in Krakow stores the correspondence of the eminent Indo-European linguist, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Jan Michał Rozwadowski (1867–1935). The collection includes the letters and postcards of Jan Szczepan Otrębski (1889–1971) and covers the period of thirteen years (1917–1930). It contains a lot of information on the considerations and doubts of the future Baltic linguist J. Otrębski, who at the moment was just starting his scientific career. Particularly clear is the thread of doubts about the rightness of choosing a career in science, and the lack of faith in one’s own abilities and the usefulness for science that often appears. The author of the letters repeatedly seeks advice and asks for help from professor J.M. Rozwadowski, who was then highly respected in the world of Indo-European studies. In the letters we can also find a considerable amount of the author’s reflections on various issues of Indo-European linguistics that bother him, which were later recognized as an innovative approach in the study of Baltic languages.
Japonica w Archiwaliach po Bronisławie Piłsudskim w Bibliotece PAU i PAN w Krakowie (9). Fujihiko Sekiba i jego przesyłka
Authors: Majewicz Alfred F.
Published: September 2021

Japonica in the Archives Left after Bronisław Piłsudski in the Cracow PAU-PAN Academic Library (9). Fujihiko Sekiba’s Mailing (Letter and Book) Sent to Bronisław Piłsudski and its Situational Context The present material constitutes the ninth installment of the series introducing Japanese documents preserved with Bronisław Piłsudski’s archives in the Academic Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Lettres (PAU) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) in Cracow and includes photocopies of a letter in German (with its envelope indicating the addressee and the sender in Japanese, its decipherment transcript, and translation into Polish) dated , sent, together with an attached book, to Bronisław residing at that time in Tokyo by Dr. Fujihiko Sekiba, a renowned physician famous all over Japan, long-standing head of the Hokkaido Medical Association and a hospital (both founded by himself), but also medicine historian, anthropologist and one of the pioneers in Japanese ethnomedicine. The book of his own authorship was an extensive monograph on Ainu medicine studied also by Bronisław himself. The paper provides essential data concerning Sekiba’s biography and his legacy (especially, his scientific publications and the hospital still existing and considered one of the leading medical institutions in Hokkaido), and the book in question itself, with an appeal to make every effort possible to trace and find the copy of the book (possibly with some personal dedication) sent, but so far unidentified: Piłsudski, a dedicated collector of “things Ainu”, never easily parted with such items). The letter and the book mailed to Bronisław demonstrate how famous Piłsudski was in Japan as an Ainu researcher as early as 1906 (six years prior to the publication, in Cracow, of Materials for the Study of the Ainu Language and Folklore that secured for him the eternal reference in the annals of academic research worldwide. Mentioned have also been certain related publications on Ainu medicine by Piłsudski.
Maksymilian Cercha malarz Tatr. Z cyklu „Zapomniani mieszkańcy Krakowa”
Authors: Śnieżyńska-Stolot Ewa
Published: September 2021

Maksymilian Cercha a Painter of the Tatras. From the “Forgotten Citizens of Kraków” Series

Maksymilian Cercha (1818–1907), whose life was linked to Kraków, was born in an assimilated Italian family and is known as a drawer, cataloguer of gravestones in the churches of Kraków and a co-author of a publication titled the Monuments of Kraków. In this paper however, his Tatra-themed paintings are discussed, which are yet to be included in the Art History. Cercha was Jan Nepomucen Głowacki’s student, who established Tatra mountains themed landscape painting in Kraków. In the summertime, he used to take his students to the Tatra mountains where he would rent an inn in Stare Kościelisko for an atelier.
Cercha painted his Tatra landscapes in the period from 1849 to 1860. These are:
–– Morskie Oko, oil on cardboard (31 x 23 cm), 1849;
–– View from Mała Łąka, oil on canvas (38 x 31 cm), 1853;
–– Mill in Chochołów, oil on cardboard (22 x 28 cm), 1853;
–– Sucha Woda Valley as seen from Brzeziny, oil on cardboard (32 x 26 cm), 1857;
–– View of the Giewont mountain, oil on cardboard (23 x 30 cm), c. 1860;
–– “Carpathians”, watercolour (22 x 14), 1860.
Except View from Mała Łąka, held by the Tatra Museum in Zakopane, all pictures belong to the family. Moreover, there are three pencil on paper drawings depicting Zakopane and Hamry from the period of 1855–1857 held by the National Museum in Kraków.
Cercha, modelling on Głowacki, used to oil paint on cardboard by firstly sketching on location and then finishing the picture back in Kraków. He used to replicate the themes drew out by Głowacki, such as the view of Morskie Oko lake. He continued the Cracovian tradition of Tatra landscape painting, whic, thanks to Głowacki, Franz Steinfeld the Younger’s student, derives from the Austrian landscape painting of Biedermeier period.