bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Dental Office - A Review
Authors: Shetty Amarshree Amarnath , Fernandes Delisha Yesudas , Hegde Amitha Mahesh
Published: July 2021

Over the last few years there has been a growing interest to cater to the requirements of children with special health care needs, especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by limited communication skills and an obsessive need for structured patterns. Individuals with a genetic predilection to autism can be provoked by the various prenatal, natal, or post-natal environmental factors. Drugs such as thalidomide, valproic acid and consumption of antidepressants during pregnancy as well as high maternal age and viral infections are known to be prenatal triggers for autism. Autism affects 1 in every 110 children with a significant preponderance of boys to girls with a ratio of 4:1. According to Caries Risk Assessment tool (CAT) adapted by the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, children with ASD are at a high risk for dental caries due to their preference for carious food, pouching of food due to poor masticatory ability combined with inadequate maintenance of oral hygiene and help required for tooth brushing. These children do not behave positively to sudden changes in their environment thus a dental operatory might be intimidating to them. A thorough understanding of the individual’s needs of these patients along with combining various behaviour management techniques will help make their dental treatment a pleasant one. This articles reviews literature on the aetiology and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder with a special emphasis on the health status and issues encountered while treating these children. This study is also an update on the various strategies such as using Applied Behaviour management approaches, Picture Exchange Communication System, Video Pedagogy, Social stories as well as pharmacological ways to communicate and also manage a child with ASD in the dental clinic. KEY WORDS Autism, Oral Health Status, Behaviour Management, Dental Management
Biomaterials and Their Applications in Dentistry - A Literature Review
Authors: K.P. Mahesh , Iyer Meenakshi Srinivasa , K.N. Raghavendra Swamy , Patil Karthikeya , N. Raghunath
Published: July 2021

With an estimated 20 million individuals possessing an implanted medical device, biomaterials are now commonly used in medicine and dentistry. Today, biomaterials are widely used in dentistry. Biomaterials are widely used in dentistry. They are divided into four general categories of polymers, ceramics, metals and composites. A variety of dental biomaterials have been developed as clinical needs of dental patients has increased. Newly developed dental biomaterials should be physically stable and biocompatible for their own purposes in oral environment. The extensive use of biomaterials, however, remains a relatively recent concept and dates back to the 1950s. This has contributed to a paradigm shift in the design of biomedical devices over the past 25 years, from being biologically inactive to fully incorporated. By exploring the rationale and clinical demand that have guided both the developments in clinically applied devices and those at the research and development level, this mini review highlights the production and application of biomaterials. Relevant areas of current research activities are addressed and some of the criteria. KEY WORDS Biomaterials, Dental, Tissue Engineering, Polymers, Stem Cell Research
Management of Dentigerous Cysts - A Review
Authors: Joshi Mihir , Samuel Soumi , Abraham Abel , Deepak Deeyah Miriam
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Lesions of a cystic nature have long been described in relation to the bones of the face. Over the course of the last four hundred years, such entities have been identified and studied in great detail; the evolution of systems of classification, the knowledge regarding the true nature of such phenomena, and the different ways of treating such maladies of the face have all undergone vast transformation since the 19th century. The introduction and development of anaesthetics, both general and regional, helped broaden the types of approaches to cysts of the orofacial region. Therapies of a conservative nature could be studied in greater detail with a larger population of patients, with the long term outcomes of such procedures yielding a significant amount of data, which in turn helped contrast such forms of management against more extensive and often radical procedures. Controversy has long surrounded the treatment of Dentigerous Cysts. Older techniques that had fallen out of favour amongst practicing surgeons returned decades later as serious contenders for becoming the treatment of choice for this particular pathology, the Partsch I technique being a prime example. The employment of the scientific method, conscientious effort towards ethics, and diligent recording of findings - whether prior to the surgical procedure or in the immediate and late post operative periods - all aided in the provision of a pool of knowledge that was made available to students and practitioners alike, providing clarity in the midst of opposing theories, guiding them in the selection of an appropriate treatment in response to cysts. Revolutions in medical imaging technology helped refine this process and will continue to serve the surgeon greatly in the pursuit of a treatment modality that is tailored to the needs of the patient and the demands of the lesion. Dentigerous cysts are anomalies that have been frequently encountered by practitioners, and the treatment for the same has long been discussed. The purpose of this paper was to review the existing evidence in relation to the management of Dentigerous Cysts, and to highlight in particular the efficacy of decompression amongst paediatric patients. We conducted a narrative review of literature using electronic databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar involving studies with data on the modes of management of Dentigerous Cysts. The list of included studies was reviewed to find more significant articles for relevant evidence. KEY WORDS Dentigerous Cyst, Enucleation, Marsupialization
Hydrogeological and numerical criteria for groundwater withdrawal permission in the Marizal-São Sebastião Aquifer, State of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Roedel Rosialine Marques , Oliveira Iara Brandão de
Published: July 2021

Groundwater is part of the water supply for industrial use in the Camaçari Industrial Complex (CIC) (Bahia, 2016). Managers from the CIC developed a computational model to evaluate exploitation of groundwater, the Regional Numerical Flow Model (RNFM), which has the function of calculating groundwater volumes for withdrawal in order to choose the best location for the pumping wells and to establish the aquifer hydrological equilibrium during the regime of groundwater withdrawal. In addition to the current management this work proposes hydrogeological criteria for granting groundwater withdrawal permission from the Marizal-São Sebastião aquifer system in the CIC region. To introduce the hydrogeological criteria, this work developed a new water zoning for the aquifer; calculated the water reserves and potentials for each zone; and classified the water zones in terms of the degree of exploitation favorability. To confirm the adequacy of the proposed criteria, this work reevaluated a previous permission process in the region (11 pumping wells), for which the NRFM established the well locations and the groundwater volumes to explore. This work verified that using only the NRFM, which is the current management tool for granting groundwater withdrawal licenses in the CIC region, is not conservative enough for sustainable groundwater withdrawal in each water zone. Using the combination of hydrogeological and numerical methodologies for the pumping wells would result in a better choice for well locations in water zones with larger groundwater potential and favorability, thus promoting a sustainable groundwater exploitation.
Classificação da água subterrânea com base nos sólidos totais dissolvidos estimado
Authors: Braga Erika de Almeida Sampaio , Aquino Marisete Dantas de , Rocha Carlos Márcio Soares , Mendes Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos , Salgueiro Ana Rita Gonçalves Neves Lopes
Published: July 2021

No domínio hidrogeológico das rochas cristalinas, as águas subterrâneas do estado do Ceará apresentam elevados teores de sólidos totais dissolvidos que contribuem para uma péssima qualidade da água. Baseado nesse contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo classificar águas brutas de poços com base nos sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD) estimado, calculado pelo valor da condutividade elétrica (CE) medida, utilizando-se o programa Qualigraf. As amostras de águas foram coletadas em dez municípios do estado do Ceará, durante os meses de janeiro, fevereiro e março de 2020. As coletas foram realizadas de acordo com o Guia da Agência Nacional de Águas e a medida da condutividade elétrica foi realizada em campo utilizando-se um condutivimetro, método descrito no Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wasterwater. De acordo com os resultados médios obtidos, 50% das águas foram classificadas como águas salgadas (STD > 1.500,0mg.L1), 40% foram classificadas como águas  salobras, (STD 500,0 a 1.500,0 mg.L1) e 10%  foram classificadas como águas  doces (STD < 500,0mg.L-1), segundo a Resolução nº357/2005 do Conama. Em relação a qualidade da água, comparando-se os resultados médios obtidos com o valor estabelecido pela Resolução nº 396/2008 do Conama, observou-se que 70% das amostras estavam em desacordo com a Resolução, concluindo-se que essas águas não estavam adequadas para o consumo humano.
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Facilitate Removal of Endobronchial Tumors
Authors: Miles Bryan , Durham Lucian A. , Kurman Jonathan , Joyce Lyle D. , Johnstone David W. , Joyce David , Pearson Paul J.
Published: July 2021

Short-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a useful adjunct to thoracic procedures. We report the cases of 2 middle-aged men who were supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to facilitate tumor debulking and recanalization of the carina and mainstem bronchi. Neither patient had major complications or adverse events. These cases suggest that short-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is safe in patients undergoing complex resection or debulking of endobronchial lesions.
Use of Intracardiac Echocardiography to Evaluate Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Function in a Man With Obesity
Authors: Rohm Charlene L. , Howard Brian , Lakhani Baqir , Wilim Marian , Holden Rachel W. , Snipelisky David
Published: July 2021

Aortic insufficiency with recirculation can be difficult to diagnose echocardiographically in patients who have continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography can underestimate its severity; moreover, transesophageal echocardiography necessitates general anesthesia. We report the case of a 58-year-old man with obesity and end-stage nonischemic cardiomyopathy who, after 3 months of support with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device, underwent intracardiac echocardiography to evaluate complications potentially associated with the device. The findings ruled out aortic insufficiency, preventing an unnecessary valvular intervention.
GWP, AP, and EP Contribution on Potential Improving Scenarios of Domestic SWM in Padang City: A Review
Authors: Wulandari Suci , Raharjo Slamet
Published: July 2021

The increase in solid waste generation is incompatible with solid waste management (SWM). Padang city have a small processing percentage of 5% through composting and recyling. Improper and nonoptimal SWM lead to many obstacles including climate change, water and soil contamination, to creatures life disturbance. By conducting Impact Assessment and Contribution Analysis, this study examines the most impact contributor of unit processes in four scenarios of domestic solid waste management in Padang City. Scenario 0 presents the existing condition; scenarios 1, 2, and 3 present the improvement of Scenario 0 in recycling percentage rate and technology implementation in a row by composting, incineration, and anaerobic digestion. CML2001, impact assessment method by Center of Environmental Sciences of Leiden University, is used to assess the environmental impact of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). This study found that the significant impact for the four scenarios is GWP by the contribution percentage over 72%. While EP is the second place in the contribution range of 1.70% to 5.46%, and followed by AP under 0.91%. Scenario 1 is the best scenario due to the small contribution of impact compared to other scernarios, and potentially to be applied by modification in increase of composting percentage and additional recovery gas in landfill.
Coconut shell-based activated carbon preparation and its adsorption efficacy in reducing BOD from The Real Wastewater from Kitchen Restaurant (RWKR): Characteristics, Sorption Capacity, and Isotherm Model
Authors: Yasdi Yasdi , Ussarvi Dhea , Rinaldi Rinaldi , Juita Febri , Cahyani Shassy Endah
Published: July 2021

Real Wastewater from Kitchen Restaurant (RWKR) contains high concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) pollutants to pollute the environment. One of the processing alternatives to reduce BOD is the adsorption method using activated carbon from coconut shells. This study aims to determine coconut shell-activated carbon as an adsorbent for the adsorption of organic matter to reduce BOD in RWKR. The method begins with making adsorbents that are activated with activators on HCl 3 M, NaOH 3 M, and H3PO4 M, then a preliminary adsorption test is carried out to select the best activator on coconut shell activated carbon to reduce BOD in RWKR. Determining the optimum conditions for adsorption was carried out by varying pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Variation of contact time with a stirring speed of 250 rpm, then determined the isotherm model. The remaining organic matter in the wastewater will be measured using a DO meter based on SNI 6989.72: 2009 concerning the method of testing for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The results showed that the appropriate activator for coconut shell activated carbon was H3PO4 3 M with an average percentage value of uptake of 89.690%. The adsorption process's optimum pH is at pH 3 with an absorption percentage value of 88.626%. The optimum contact time is at 10 minutes and the adsorption isotherm model used is the Freundlich isotherm with a regression value of R2 = 0.8864.
The Effect of Household Waste Reduction on the Lifespan of Parit Enam Landfill in Pangkalpinang City: Using Dynamic System Modeling
Authors: Fitriansyah Hadi , Maryono Maryono
Published: July 2021

Currently, there are still problems occurring in waste management activities in Pangkalpinang City. Solid waste that is scattered in the City of Pangkalpinang is caused by waste that has not been transported and handled. TPA Parit Enam's capacity, which serves solid waste in Pangkalpinang City, will decrease every year due to an overload of incoming waste generation. Currently, the City of Pangkalpinang aggressively implements a waste management policy at the source or the 3R program, including waste bank activities and waste processing at reduce, reuse and recycle (3R) landfills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of household waste reduction activities on the current use of the Parit Enam landfill in Pangkalpinang City in each of the scenarios that were compiled. The compilation model uses Powersim Studio 2005. The dynamic analysis shows that the activities that follow the waste at the source and respect what happens in TPS 3R Pangkalpinang City can affect TPA Parit Enam's useful life and produce a suitable scenario to be applied in the waste management activities of Pangkalpinang City. Scenario C (Optimistic), the valuable life of Parit Enam Landfillreaches 2023, and scenario C (Optimistic) can reduce the amount of waste transported by 29.65% compared to scenario A (Business as Usual). Besides, the proportion of household waste reduction reached 48% at the end of the simulation year.
Analysis of Chemical Properties and Heavy Metals from Cisadane River, Tangerang, Indonesia
Authors: Rosarina Desy , Laksanawati Ellysa Kusuma , Rosanti Dewi
Published: July 2021

This paper explained heavy metals and chemical properties from the Cisadane River in Tangerang City. A survey method was used to determine the place for sampling the test material. Water measurement is carried out in situ and laboratory tests. Data retrieval was done by purposive sampling determining three observation stations, namely in the Taman Gajah Tunggal park area (station1), Babakan Cikokol residential area (station 2), and Karawaci paper mill area (station 3). The analysis was carried out exactly using analysis. Namely, analysis carried out in the laboratory. The parameters observed were COD, phosphate, DO, BOD, pH. Results of this study informed the water quality in the Cisadane City river did not meet Class II Water Quality Standards based on Government Regulation Number 82, the year 2001. The COD content only meets class II water quality standards at stations 1 and 3. BOD and phosphate content is high and exceeds class II water quality standards. Heavy metal content still meets the water quality standard threshold with a value of Cd less than 0.01 mg/L, Cu less than 0.02 mg/L, Pb less than 0.03mg/L, and Cr less than 0.05mg/L. Zn content exceeds the water quality standard threshold at station three and meets water quality standards at stations 1 and 2 with a value of less than 0.05mg/L.
Decontamination of Mercury from Mined Soil using Magnetite Functionalized Quaternary Ammonium Silica (Fe3O4/SAK)
Authors: Ngatijo Ngatijo , Permatasari Defia Indah , Farid Faizar , Bemis Restina , Heriyanti Heriyanti , Basuki Rahmat , Wibowo Yudha Gusti
Published: July 2021

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASCGM) has caused mercury contamination. However, efforts to decontaminate mercury from the ex-mining soils are still rare. This study aims to synthesize quaternary ammonium silica functionalized magnetite (Fe3O4/SAK) as a low price, highly available, and quickly separated adsorbent for mercury decontamination from ex-mining soils samples. The synthesis of Fe3O4/SAK and the mercury decontamination process was carried out by the co-precipitation and batch type reactor procedure, respectively. The Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) characterization of synthesized Fe3O4/SAK informed the appearance of siloxane, silanol, methyl, methylene, and Fe-O functional groups. Crystal analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that the typical peaks of SiO2 and Fe3O4 were emerged at 2θ 22.8˚ and 35.52˚, respectively. Morphological studies and elemental analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) indicated the successful functionalization Fe3O4 by SAK in the transformation of surface morphology and composition of the main elements, namely C, O, Si, and Fe. The results of characterization using Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) showed that the surface area and pore diameters were 224.98 m2/g and 36.149-38.70 Å, respectively. The optimum results for adsorbing Hg22+ metal ions were obtained at pH 4.0, and the adsorbent mass was 0.1 g. The Fe3O4/SAK has been proven to be an easily separable adsorbent after the mercury decontamination process in ex-mining soil samples with an adsorption efficiency of 43.36% (0.722 mg/g).
Development and verification of the programming resilience scale for university students
Authors: Fu Qian , Zhang Li-Wen , Hong Jon-Chao , Dong Yan
Published: July 2021

Learning programming challenges students who encounter difficulties such as resolving syntax and format errors. These challenges require students to invoke resilience to overcome programming problems and keep trying. In response, this study developed the programming resilience scale for university students (PRSUS). The snowball-sampling method was used to collect the data of science and engineering undergraduates, and the participants were divided into two groups (n1 = 316, n2 = 358) for an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. For the PRSUS, 3 items were retained for each of 4 dimensions, namely: persistence, perceived value, difficulty cognition, and incremental belief. The reliability and validity indexes indicate the scale is reliable for measuring programming resilience. Moreover, the results showed that most undergraduates had a high level of programming resilience, and they could judge their level correctly in comparison to their peers. The study also found that, although no significant difference was found among the grade or age groups, the programming resilience of the male students was significantly better than that of the female students. The PRSUS is expected to help researchers and teachers to identify students who have difficulties learning programming and to provide early interventions to students.

Implications for practice or policy:

Students can use the PRSUS to test if they have a high level of programming resilience and improve their programming resilience in a targeted way.

Educators can use the PRSUS to identify students who find it difficult to finish programming learning or to judge whether their teaching can make students more willing to overcome programming difficulties.
Instructional design and instructional effectiveness in virtual classrooms: Research trends and challenges
Authors: Cukurbasi Baris , Kiyici Mubin
Published: July 2021

This literature review aimed to examine the status, trends and tendencies in publications about virtual classrooms, instructional design in the virtual classroom and instructional effectiveness in the virtual classroom, as indexed in the ERIC database. For this review, we examined 2680 publications indexed in ERIC between 1994 and 2018. We collected data with data mining and utilised several Python libraries as resources for developing the analysis plan. The results of the analysis are presented in visual form. For each of the three subject matter areas examined in this study, we present the themes in the publications by years, titles, abstracts and ERIC descriptors. We report in detail the trends and challenges that emerged from the analysis. The results show that the words “learning”, “online”, and “environment” were prominent in each of the three subject matter areas. The primary topics addressed were literacy and curriculum development, and researchers examined the roles of instructors, learners and managers.

Implications for practice or policy:

This review will be a useful resource for scientists, researchers and policymakers who conduct studies on the virtual classroom.

Instruction should be planned according to differences in instructor, learner and manager roles, as revealed by the studies.

Practitioners who want to teach in virtual classrooms can also use it as a guide.
Co-word analysis and academic performance from the Australasian Journal of Educational Technology in Web of Science
Authors: López-Belmonte Jesús , Moreno-Guerrero Antonio-José , Pozo-Sánchez Santiago , Marín-Marín José-Antonio
Published: July 2021

Since its inception in 1985, the Australasian Journal of Educational Technology (AJET) has been dedicated to the diffusion of studies on the integration of technology in higher education. Its track record in this field has placed it in the first quartile of the Scimago Journal & Country Rank. The objective of the study was to reveal to the scientific community the journey and evolution that this journal has had throughout its existence in Web of Science. A bibliometric methodology was used, supported by a scientific mapping from a unit of analysis of 798 documents. For this reason, a co-word analysis can be a fundamental tool for understanding the characteristics of their production and their impact on the scientific community. There is an evident progressive evolution of the studies published in the Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, with a first phase focused on the design and implementation of educational technology in learning environments, a second phase focused on the enrichment of technology and its acceptance within the processes of teaching and learning, and finally a stage focused on student and teacher perceptions of the implementation of technology in the educational context.

Implications for practice or policy:

We have established a contextual framework to show researchers current trends in educational technology and delineate future lines of research.

Those interested in this subject will have a set of bibliometric indicators to delve into the field of educational technology.

Higher education teachers and students will discover the evolution of the use of technology in learning spaces.
The motivic Igusa zeta function of a space monomial curve with a plane semigroup
Authors: Mourtada Hussein , Veys Willem , Vos Lena
Published: July 2021

In this article, we compute the motivic Igusa zeta function of a space monomial curve that appears as the special fiber of an equisingular family whose generic fiber is a complex plane branch. To this end, we determine the irreducible components of the jet schemes of such a space monomial curve. This approach does not only yield a closed formula for the motivic zeta function, but also allows to determine its poles. We show that, while the family of the jet schemes of the fibers is not flat, the number of poles of the motivic zeta function associated with the space monomial curve is equal to the number of poles of the motivic zeta function associated with a generic curve in the family.
Numerical semigroups, polyhedra, and posets II: locating certain families of semigroups
Authors: Autry Jackson , Ezell Abigail , Gomes Tara , O’Neill Christopher , Preuss Christopher , Saluja Tarang , Davila Eduardo Torres
Published: July 2021

Several recent papers have examined a rational polyhedron Pm
whose integer points are in bijection with the numerical semigroups (cofinite, additively closed subsets of the non-negative integers) containing m. A combinatorial description of the faces of Pm
was recently introduced, one that can be obtained from the divisibility posets of the numerical semigroups a given face contains. In this paper, we study the faces of Pm
containing arithmetical numerical semigroups and those containing certain glued numerical semigroups, as an initial step towards better understanding the full face structure of Pm
. In most cases, such faces only contain semigroups from these families, yielding a tight connection to the geometry of Pm
.
Doing digital. Die Universitätsbibliothek Osnabrück und die Herausforderungen der Coronakrise
Authors: Fangmeier Stefan , Hindersmann Jost , Laubenheimer Mathias , Thiel Anneke
Published: July 2021

Auch die Universitätsbibliothek Osnabrück wurde im März 2020 jäh von den Restriktionen zur Eindämmung der Coronapandemie betroffen und von jetzt auf gleich für Wochen geschlossen. Sofortmaßnahmen zur Sicherung der Literaturversorgung, neue elektronische Services und sukzessive Öffnungsschritte nach dem Lockdown markieren eine Praxis, die im Pandemiejahr kontinuierlich nachjustiert wurde, um der Dynamik der Krise und den Bedürfnissen der Nutzer*innen gerecht zu werden. Auch da, wo neue Angebote zur Förderung von Informationskompetenz entstanden und in intensiver Kommunikation mit Nutzer*innen die Strategien im Umgang mit der Krise erklärt und nachgesteuert wurden, wird es vermutlich nachhaltige Lerneffekte geben.
Lehre in Zeiten von Corona – ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Fühles-Ubach Simone
Published: July 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie hat Präsenzvorlesungen an Hochschulen unmöglich gemacht. Mit nur minimaler Vorbereitungszeit musste der Vorlesungsbetrieb auf digitale Lehr- und Lernformate umgestellt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet von den technischen und didaktischen Herausforderungen für Lehrende und Studierende sowie von den Chancen und Risiken, die sich aus der veränderten Situation ergeben.
Erweckt die Lücke an realer Begegnung und Ortswechsel eine neue bibliothekarische Vernunft, die der virtuellen?
Authors: Seeliger Frank , Ockel Katrin , Salaske Felix
Published: July 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie birgt neben den großen Herausforderungen auch Chancen, Wandel positiv zu gestalten. An der Hochschulbibliothek Wildau wurde bereits im Jahr 2019 die Agenda 2025 erarbeitet, deren Inhalte in verschiedenen Bereichen wie Infrastruktur, Raum- und Personalentwicklung ohne den gewohnten Publikumsverkehr nun noch fokussierter umgesetzt werden konnten.
A principal component analysis (PCA) based assessment of the gait performance
Authors: Gavrilović Marija , Popović Dejan B.
Published: July 2021

The gait assessment is instrumental for evaluating the efficiency of rehabilitation of persons with a motor impairment of the lower extremities. The protocol for quantifying the gait performance needs to be simple and easy to implement; therefore, a wearable system and user-friendly computer program are preferable. We used the Gait Master (instrumented insoles) with the industrial quality ground reaction forces (GRF) sensors and 6D inertial measurement units (IMU). WiFi transmitted 10 signals from the GRF sensors and 12 signals from the accelerometers and gyroscopes to the host computer. The clinician was following in real-time the acquired data to be assured that the WiFi operated correctly. We developed a method that uses principal component analysis (PCA) to provide a clinician with easy to interpret cyclograms showing the difference between the recorded and healthy-like gait performance. The cyclograms formed by the first two principal components in the PCA space show the step-to-step reproducibility. We suggest that a cyclogram and its orientation to the coordinate system PC1 vs. PC2 allow a simple assessment of the gait. We show results for six healthy persons and five patients with hemiplegia.
No more rattling: biomechanical evaluation of a hexapod ring fixator free of play
Authors: Greinwald Markus , Bliven Emily K. , Trompeter Alex , Augat Peter
Published: July 2021

Hexapod-ring-fixators have a characteristic rattling sound during load changes due to play in the hexapod struts. This play is perceived as unpleasant by patients and can lead to frame instability. Using slotted-ball-instead of universal-joints for the ring-strut connection could potentially resolve this problem. The purpose of the study was to clarify if the use of slotted-ball-joints reduces play and also fracture gap movement. A hexapod-fixator with slotted-ball-joints and aluminum struts (Ball-Al) was compared to universal-joint-fixators with either aluminum (Uni Al) or steel struts (Uni Steel). Six fixator frames each were loaded in tension, compression, torsion, bending and shear and mechanical performance was analyzed in terms of movement, stiffness and play. The slotted-ball-joint fixator was the only system without measurable axial play (<0.01 mm) compared to Uni-Al (1.2 ± 0.1) mm and Uni-Steel (0.6 ± 0.2) mm (p≤0.001). In both shear directions the Uni-Al had the largest play (p≤0.014). The resulting axial fracture gap movements were similar for the two aluminum frames and up to 25% smaller for the steel frame, mainly due to the highest stiffness found for the Uni-Steel in all loading scenarios (p≤0.036). However, the Uni-Steel construct was also up to 29% (450 g) heavier and had fewer usable mounting holes. In conclusion, the slotted-ball-joints of the Ball-Al fixator reduced play and minimized shear movement in the fracture while maintaining low weight of the construct. The heavier and stiffer Uni-Steel fixator compensates for existing play with a higher overall stiffness.
Crowdsourced COVID-19 Collections: A Brief Overview
Authors: Zumthurm Tizian
Published: July 2021

This article provides an overview of how public historians and other actors collect material on the global COVID-19 pandemic. Their common goal is to archive a diversity of perspectives to document these historic times. Focusing on initiatives that collect from a broader public and that incorporate some sort of crowdsourcing, I distinguish between two approaches: projects that collect something specific and projects that formulate their call more openly. The article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, what opportunities they open up, and what limits they impose on future research on the pandemic. The 10 selected case studies are based in 10 different countries, represent the variety of institutions that are involved in participatory collecting, and have all published their collections online and are thus useful for teaching and research worldwide.
CWDM communication system based inline erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with the linear geometrical polarization model
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil , Parmar Juveriya , Patel Shobhit K. , Ali Shaimaa Ahmed , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki
Published: July 2021

Optical fiber coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) with erbium-doped fiber inline-amplifiers for the linear polarization geometrical model is studied in this paper for fiber system optimization by using the Optisystem simulation software. Signal gain (SG), noise figure (NF), and signal/noise are measured against CWDM optical fiber variations. The erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is based on the Giles model which solves the steady-state rate equations for SG and signal absorption parameters with the cross-section area of the amplifier itself. The signal is optimized at EDFA length of 6 m, 10 Gb/s data rates (DRs) transmission and 10 km CWDM fiber optic length (FOL). Max. Q factor is degraded and min. BER is upgraded with both CWDM optical FLs and higher DRs transmission increase.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-methoxy-2-((6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methylene)-tetralone, C18H17NO3
Authors: Wang Lei , Meng Qing-Guo , Hou Gui-Ge
Published: July 2021

C18H17NO3, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 4.0929(4) Å, b = 12.9527(11) Å, c = 14.4228(12) Å, α = 70.171(8)°, β = 87.229(8)°, γ = 87.567(8)°, V = 718.16(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0549, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1526, T = 99.9(3) K.
The crystal structure of 6-bromohexanoic acid, C6H11BrO2
Authors: Ndima Lubabalo , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: July 2021

C6H11BrO2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.6730(14) Å, b = 5.2781(6) Å, c = 14.7781(18) Å, β = 109.610(4)°, V = 784.21(17) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0225, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0564, T = 200(2) K.
The crystal structure of adamantylmethoxydiphenylsilane, C23H28OSi
Authors: Bauer Jonathan O.
Published: July 2021

C23H28OSi, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.2882(11) Å, b = 17.8169(10) Å, c = 7.6201(6) Å, β = 103.780(8)°, V = 1884.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0538, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1241, T = 173(2) K.
Participation of women in science in the developed and developing worlds: inverted U of feminization of the scientific workforce, gender equity and retention
Authors: Narasimhan Shobhana
Published: July 2021

We consider various factors impacting the participation of women in science throughout the world, with a particular emphasis on developing countries. For the world as a whole, we find that when the percentage of women working in science in a country is plotted vs. the per capita GDP of the country (adjusted for purchasing power parity) the data fall on an inverted U-shaped ‘boomerang’ curve. Thus, as per capita wealth increases, the percentage of women in science first increases and then falls. This is in marked contrast to the (right-side-up) U-shaped curve that is well-established for the participation of women in the labor force as a whole, suggesting that there are factors in the culture of science that result in opposing trends to those observed in the general workforce. This also results in many developing countries having a much higher participation of women in the scientific workforce than is seen in economically developed countries. Contradicting previous reports to the contrary, we find a positive correlation between gender equality in science and the degree of overall gender equity in the country. Thus, we do not find evidence for the claim that greater gender equity results in the manifestation of innate gender differences in preferences for science. We find differing patterns of retention in science for women in developing and developed countries. We also briefly discuss other factors that make it difficult for women in developing countries to follow a scientific career, or to advance in their careers.
SPIONs and magnetic hybrid materials: Synthesis, toxicology and biomedical applications
Authors: Friedrich Ralf P. , Janko Christina , Unterweger Harald , Lyer Stefan , Alexiou Christoph
Published: July 2021

In the past decades, a wide variety of different superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been synthesized. Due to their unique properties, such as big surface-to-volume ratio, superparamagnetism and comparatively low toxicity, they are principally well suited for many different technical and biomedical applications. Meanwhile, there are a numerous synthesis methods for SPIONs, but high requirements for biocompatibility have so far delayed a successful translation into the clinic. Moreover, depending on the planned application, such as for imaging, magnetic drug targeting, hyperthermia or for hybrid materials intended for regenerative medicine, specific physicochemical and biological properties are inevitable. Since a summary of all existing SPION systems, their properties and application is far too extensive, this review reports on selected methods for SPION synthesis, their biocompatibility and biomedical applications.
Autonomic, immunological and endocrine influences on adipose tissue as an organ
Authors: S Rahman Michael , P Einstein George , Tulp Orien
Published: July 2021

White Adipose Tissue (WAT) is typically regarded as a passive storage deposit of excess fat. However, recent research suggests that WAT behaves like an organ system that interacts with the autonomous nervous, endocrinological and immunological systems. Therefore, it is possible that WAT acts as a regulatory organ that keeps the body in homeostasis. This cross-sectional study uses physiological data from 30 patients at the Pinewood Natural Health Centre in Toronto, Canada to derive a description of the role of WAT in the mediation of homeostasis. Statistical methods derive a formula describing the dynamic congruence that contributes to a systems medicine (SM) understanding of the organism. Multiple variables including body parameters, composition, and metabolism, heart rate variability and the immune, autonomous, neural, and endocrinologicial systems were measured and correlated using multiple regression analysis. The null hypothesis was that no variables would correlate; the alternative hypothesis was that at least two variables that would correlate with each other to demonstrate congruence and order. This analysis found strong correlations with parameters of the immune system and metabolism and few correlations with the autonomous nervous system. This suggests that despite the body’s complexity, not all systems may contribute equally strongly to overall homeostasis
WBC aplasia: Case report
Authors: AlGhazal Mariam , Khamseen Rehab Bu , AlZaher,2 Mona , AlGharyafi Lama , Alruwaiy Zainab , alghazal Manal
Published: July 2021

Pure white cell aplasia (PWCA) is a rare acquired cause of agranulocytosis characterized by absence of all myeloid lineages in bone marrow with intact erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Reported cases were associated with autoimmune conditions, thymomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, infections, and as an adverse drug reaction. Presentation ranges from asymptomatic severe neutropenia to fatal sepsis. Several medications were tried along with treatment of the underlying cause if identified. Steroids, immunoglobulin, azathioprine, cyclosporine, rutiximab, GCSF and bone marrow transplant were all tried with variable response. Here we report a case of PWCA in middle age male, who responded to cyclosporine.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as an unexpected complication of Venetoclax+Azacitidine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Roberto Ovilla-Martinez , Uendy Perez-Lozano , Xochitl Cota-Rangel , Pamela Baez-Islas
Published: July 2021

Background: Venetoclax is a drug that targets BCL-2 protein in cancer cells, first approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, this drug has showed efficacy also in acute myeloid leukemia in non-intense chemotherapy candidates in combination with hypomethylating agents as azacitidine and decitabine. This scheme has shown efficiency in acute myeloid leukemia reporting overall response rate (CR) in 61% in untreated elderly patients combined with azacitidine or decitabine. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 30%, thrombocytopenia in 47%, and serious infections in 33%. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon hematologic disorder caused by a proinflammatory state manifested by cytopenias and elevation of acute phase reactants; it is a severe complication of some diseases and to our knowledge it has never been reported secondary to venetoclax plus azacitidine. Early treatment is fundamental for success in HLH. Case series: Three cases of HLH secondary to venetoclax plus azacitidine have appeared in our medical group in patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia. One elderly woman and elderly men with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia presented HLH with laboratory and bone marrow findings, both responded to dexamethasone plus ruxolitinib. The third case was documented in a male diagnosed with blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia who also responded to dexamethasone plus ruxolitinib. No patient died from HLH. Conclusion: Here we report three cases of patients with HLH after the treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax. We suspect that the great effect of venetoclax in synergy with azacitidine can liberate enough proinflammatory cytokines in the medullar niche to induce HLH. Early recognition is vital for soon treatment and successful management of this potential complication.
Convalescent plasma therapy for Covid 19 - A perspective
Authors: Mahmood Asad , Mahmood Rafia , Khan Maria , Ali Sadia , Khan Nabeela , Jaffar Syed Raza
Published: July 2021

Convalescent plasma therapy has been used for years. However, its use in Covid-19 is still experimental. While it can be life-saving, its efficacy as well as risks need to be evaluated to establish this as a therapeutic option. Also, for this proper infrastructure and adequate facilities need to be in place before embarking on this journey. However, under current circumstances, convalescent plasma should be strictly only given in the setting of clinical trials.
Actionable assessment of iron stores in blood donors
Authors: Ferreira Ramos  Estácio
Published: July 2021

Before blood donation, blood banks screen potential donors for low hemoglobin or hematocrit, usually in blood drops obtained through finger prick. Although different technologies exist for this, including a couple of non-invasive systems, all detect anemia and prevent that anemic people give blood. However, a reasonable number of people bear sideropenia without anemia, and should not donate blood either. Nowadays, they do. To understand this issue better, to identify these invisible unfit blood donors, and to design cost-effective ways to detect and protect them, we evaluated erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin and serum ferritin in a cohort of 315 blood donors. In addition, we evaluated the number of blood donors bearing iron overload, invisible as well among donors, and discuss the importance of the extension of blood banks as epidemiological surveillance centers for iron metabolism disorders.
Association of range of accommodation with fully corrected refractive errors
Authors: Afsar Adnan , Khan Rashid Asghar , Imshad Khan Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Background: To study whether the range of accommodation differs in myopes and hypermetropes than normal population. Purpose: To study the range of accommodation in myopes and hypermetropes in comparison to normal population in different age groups. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at MHL from January 2018 to October 2018. Total 99 patients were enrolled in this study who had refractive errors. All patients were included who had 10 – 55 years age. Both genders were included. Both myopic and hypermetropic patients were included having fully corrected myopia and hypermetropia. Patients with any ocular pathologies were excluded. All patients who were included in this study had complete ocular and posterior chamber examination from ophthalmologist. There visual acuity was recorded using Snellen`s visual acuity chart and recorded in Snellen notation. Near vision was assessed on near vision chart. Then range of accommodation will be measured by RAF meter. All data entered and analyzed by SPSS 20 (Statically package for social scientist). Bar charts and Pie charts were used to describe qualitative data and range, mean, S.Dwere used to express quantitative data. For data normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilktest used and showed that all parameters are non-parametric as p value is ≤ 0.05 (p = 0.000). Results: Total 99individuals were analyzed who had refractive errors. There were 60 female and 39male individuals. Avg age of individuals was 21 with standard deviation ±3. Association of rang of accommodation between hypermetropes and emmetropes during point break, Rec point and Rang D the p value is 0.001 in all points. Association of rang of accommodation between emmetropes and myopes during point break, Rec point and Rang D the p value is 0.142, 0.224 and 0.315 accordingly. Conclusion: Association of rang of accommodation is significant between emmetropes and hypermetropes (p=0.001). But there is no significant association of rang of accommodation between Myopes and emmetropes (p=0.224).
Edible films based on chayotextle starch and its effect on the shelf life of apples
Authors: Mendoza Bethsua , Hernandez  Edna Maria , Desireth Romo Leyri , Vargas Apolonio , Alvez Cervantes Jorge , Fernandez Ana Guadalupe Estrada
Published: July 2021

The apple is a climacteric fruit, characterized by having a long post-harvest life in optimal storage conditions, in addition to various nutritional benefits. In Mexico, it has become common to sell apple by piece and ready to be consumed, each piece after being washed and disinfected, is protected with a polyurethane net and a low-density polyethylene plastic film, which contributes to the increase in the generation of solid waste and environmental pollution. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of edible films based on chayotextle starch and pectin with nopal mucilage, to preserve the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of apples stored in refrigeration (4-6°C). Two types of films were made: T1: chayotextle starch (4%), glycerol (2%); T2: pectin (1%), nopal mucilage (0.5%), glycerol (30% w / v); These were determined the permeability to water vapor (T1: 1.317x10-12; T2: 8.854 g s- 1 Pa-1 m -1) and oxygen permeability (T1: 4.444x10-14, T2: 5.87 gm s -1 Pa-1 m-2). The shelf-life study in apples showed that both the edible films and the plastic material maintained the physicochemical (pH), sensory, rheological (Hardness) and microbiological (fungi and yeast, mesophilic aerobic and total coliform) characteristics of the apples for 40 days