bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing and Using a Partnership Covenant to Guide a Study of Late HIV Diagnosis
Authors: Udoh Ifeoma C. , Chopel Alison , Minkler Meredith , Smith Carla Dillard , Walton Sheryl , Grijalva Christina , Yusuf Aminatu , Dunbar Megan
Published: December 2013

Background: Late diagnosis of HIV is an important problem in the United States, particularly in ethnically and socially diverse communities.
Objectives: We created and used a partnership covenant to ensure our adherence to community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles as we began studying and addressing individual and structural barriers to timely HIV testing.
Methods: Sample CBPR principles were used to help develop a partnership covenant that in turn was used in steering committee (SC) meetings to gauge our adherence to CBPR in our work together and in the field.
Results: Continuing dialogue around our fidelity to the covenant resulted in concrete changes including a “crash course” on sampling for community partners and development of a community advisory board (CAB). Our ability to meet the project’s specific aims was enhanced by using the covenant.
Conclusions: Although time consuming, development and use of a CBPR covenant can improve high-level engagement and help to accomplish a study’s specific aims.
La Défaite des Turcs à la bataille de Lépante: des plaquettes populaires à la poésie épique
Authors: Usher Phillip John
Published: December 2013

Cet article prend pour objet la bataille de Lépante (le 7 octobre 1571) qui opposa les flottes vénitienne, espagnole et papale à l’empire ottoman (les « Turcs »). L’auteur y étudie comment la nouvelle de la victoire chrétienne se répandit en Europe. Dans un premier temps, il évoque la publication de pamphlets qui en plus de rapporter la nouvelle décrivent avec force détails les fêtes à Venise en son honneur. Dans un deuxième temps, il s’intéresse à deux textes épiques, le De pugna navali de Renaud Clutin et la Lépanthe de Guillaume de Salluste du Bartas.
Turkish Delight?: Confecting Entertainment for Ottoman Guests in Eighteenth-Century France
Authors: Mander Jenny
Published: December 2013

This article focusses on Poulain de Saint-Foix’s one-act comedy Les Veuves Turques , commissioned by an anonymous duchess for the private entertainment of the Ottoman ambassador Mehemed Said Effendi on the occasion of his Paris embassy of 1741-42 and performed in his presence in a private residence by amateur actors on 12 May 1742. The little-known play is read in the historical context of Franco-Ottoman interaction as structured by political diplomacy and private hospitality and is used to reconsider critiques of early eighteenth-century orientalism by showing how Saint-Foix’s confection may have played a small but important role in Franco-Ottoman cultural transfer.
Têtes de Turcs et Grands Seigneurs: pratique de la violence chez les Turcs et dans l’aristocratie française aux XVI e et XVII e siècles
Authors: Calefas-Strébelle Audrey
Published: December 2013

Les efforts de pacification de la noblesse, multipliés par le pouvoir royal au dix-septième siècle, s’accompagnèrent d’un changement de perception de l’agressivité et de la violence noble. À la même époque l’engouement dans la littérature pour les mœurs violentes et la cruauté des Turcs croît de façon surprenante à mesure que l’on tente, en France, de pacifier la noblesse. En attribuant les pulsions agressives, le goût pour la cruauté et les crimes aux Turcs, ils s’effacent du cadre de l’aristocratie. Ce transfert de la violence et de la cruauté chez l’Autre, permit de purger la noblesse de ces comportements tout en assouvissant un goût toujours présent pour la violence.
The Turk of Early Modern France
Authors: Keller Marcus
Published: December 2013

The most pervasive oriental figure in early modern French art and letters, the Turk undergoes a significant transformation from the sixteenth to the seventeenth and early eighteenth century. While two of his main features, violence and lasciviousness, and a general ambivalence toward the Turk persist throughout this period, a deeply-rooted fear of the Ottomans during the Renaissance gradually yields to a desire to contain and domesticate them in the classical age. The Turk of early modern France emerges as both stable and flexible, predictable and unique, one and many. As a fiction in flux, he also allows for a renewed critical engagement with Orientalism as a “system of thought” (Said).
Le Turc, l’Islam et la galanterie dans Zayde
Authors: Dubois François-Ronan
Published: December 2013

Often analyzed through the history of literature as a roman espagnol , Zayde has attracted little if any attention in regard to the rise of historical novels in the second half of seventeenth-century France. It is nonetheless possible to link the depiction of the Turkish and Muslim world in this novel to the geopolitical concerns of the French monarchy at the time. The cultural frame of galanterie thus becomes an ideological tool that obfuscates any problematic differences between Muslim and Catholic worlds, far from the open conflict apparently narrated by the novel.
Turcs et Mores: monarques musulmans dans les Histoires Tragiques de Boaistuau et Belleforest
Authors: Zhiri Oumelbanine
Published: December 2013

This article examines the representations of Muslim rulers in Histoires tragiques , an influential multi-volume collection of short stories authored by Pierre Boaistuau and (mainly) François de Belleforest in the second half of the sixteenth century. It shows that the Turkish emperors are portrayed very differently from North African kings: the former are depicted as phenomenons of cruelty, while the latter are pictured in more nuanced ways. These contrasting representations reflect the fact that, while the powerful Ottoman Empire inspires dread and terror, North Africa is not seen as a major threat, and can be made into a fictional site of reflection on French and European politics.
“I Knew That Underneath Mr. H and I Were Really a Lot Alike”: Reading Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea with Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Fish”
Authors: Marcus Phillip L.
Published: December 2013

Elizabeth Bishop’s sense that “underneath” she and Ernest Hemingway were “really a lot alike” seems at first improbable, but close examination reveals that her observation was an acute one. The crucial texts for such an examination are “The Fish,” which Hemingway praised highly, and his corresponding text, The Old Man and the Sea . These works share basic similarities of subject and style; looking at both from a Jungian perspective reveals a resonance at a deeper level.
Current Bibliography
Authors: Larson Kelli A.
Published: December 2013

[The current bibliography aspires to include all serious contributions to Hemingway scholarship. Given the substantial quantity of significant critical work appearing on Hemingway’s life and writings annually, inconsequential items from the popular press have been omitted to facilitate the distinction of important developments and trends in the field. Annotations for articles appearing in The Hemingway Review have been omitted due to the immediate availability of abstracts introducing each issue. Kelli Larson welcomes your assistance in keeping this feature current. Please send reprints, clippings, and photocopies of articles, as well as notices of new books, directly to Larson at the University of St. Thomas, 333 JRC, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105-1096. E-Mail: KaLarson1@stthomas.edu .]
“In the Breaking of the Bread”: Holy and Secular Communion in “Big Two-Hearted River”
Authors: Benca Goretti M. V.
Published: December 2013

This essay pays particular attention to the alimentary choices Nick makes in “Big Two-Hearted River.” Arguing that the story centers on Nick’s search for spiritual healing following his return from the war, the article illustrates how certain foods and the manner of eating them hold redemptive power.
Institutionalizing Dissent: A Proposal for an Adversarial System of Pharmaceutical Research
Authors: Biddle Justin
Published: December 2013

There are serious problems with the way in which pharmaceutical research is currently practiced, many of which can be traced to the influence of commercial interests on research. One of the most significant is inadequate dissent, or organized skepticism. In order to ameliorate this problem, I develop a proposal that I call the “Adversarial Proceedings for the Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals,” to be instituted within a regulatory agency such as the Food and Drug Administration for the evaluation of controversial new drugs and controversial drugs already in the market. This proposal is an organizational one based upon the “science court” proposal by Arthur Kantrowitz in the 1960s and 1970s. The primary benefit of this system is its ability to institutionalize dissent, thereby ensuring that one set of interests does not dominate all others.
Rethinking Exploitation: A Process-Centered Account
Authors: Jansen Lynn A. , Wall Steven
Published: December 2013

Exploitation has become an important topic in recent discussions of biomedical and research ethics. This is due in no small measure to the influence of Alan Wertheimer’s path-breaking work on the subject. This paper presents some objections to Wertheimer’s account of the concept. The objections attempt to show that his account places too much emphasis on outcome-based considerations and too little on process-based considerations. Building on these objections, the paper develops an alternative process-centered account of the concept. This alternative account of exploitation takes as its point of departure the broadly Kantian notion that it is wrong to use another as an instrument for the advancement of one’s own ends. It sharpens this slippery notion and adds a number of refinements to it. The paper concludes by arguing that process-centered accounts of exploitation better illuminate the ethical challenges posed by research on human subjects than outcome-centered accounts.
Expanding the Frame of “Voluntariness” in Informed Consent: Structural Coercion and the Power of Social and Economic Context
Authors: Fisher Jill A.
Published: December 2013

This paper introduces the term “structural coercion” to underscore the ways in which broader social, economic, and political contexts act upon individuals to compel them to enroll as subjects in clinical research. The paper challenges the adequacy of the concepts of “coercion” and “undue influence” in determining when research participation is voluntary. Acknowledging structural coercion shifts the frame of ethical deliberation away from specific individuals and specific studies to see important patterns in research participation by salient demographic characteristics. The effects of structural coercion manifest themselves in particular research settings, but unlike the conventional form of coercion, it is not rooted in the researcher–participant relationship or linked to particular study protocols. By extracting voluntariness from entrenched conceptions of the researcher–participant dyad, this paper proposes approaches to minimize the effects of structural coercion while creating new ethical imaginaries for review boards and researchers alike.
“It Feels Good to Be Measured”: Clinical Role-Play, Walker Percy, and the Tingles
Authors: Ahuja Nitin K.
Published: December 2013

A large online community has recently formed around autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR), a pleasant and poorly understood somatic reaction to specific interpersonal triggers. Its web-based manifestations include a variety of amateur videos designed to elicit the reaction, many of which feature protracted imitations of a clinician’s physical exam. This analysis considers through a literary lens the proximity of this phenomenon to clinical diagnostics, focusing in particular on characterizations of spiritual isolation elaborated in Love in the Ruins (1971), the third novel by physician-writer Walker Percy (1916–1990). Within this speculative framework, the tendency to derive pleasure from clinical milieus, real or constructed, may be interpreted as a quality particular to the postmodern psyche. Viewing web-based clinical role-play in light of Percy’s writing also underscores the possibility that routine diagnostic assessments may have independent therapeutic implications.
On the Way to Reflection: A Conversation on a Country Path
Authors: Kumagai Arno K.
Published: December 2013

Ways of exploring the related acts of thinking and reflection are not just confined to expository prose. Following Heidegger’s (1966) model of a conversation that gradually reveals deeper meanings of the concept of thinking, the following is a record of a conversation during a walk in the country on a summer’s evening. Three individuals, a Doctor, a Philosopher, and a Poet, revisit the topic of reflection from a variety of different perspectives in hopes of understanding its place in the practice of medicine. In particular, they explore an area of reflection where medicine is often silent: during times of great suffering and loss. Along this country path, as night gradually falls, they attempt to capture the complex meanings of reflection that culminate in that intimate “open space” where medicine is practiced and where fundamentally important human events occur.
Misconceiving Medical Leadership
Authors: Parker Malcolm
Published: December 2013

Medical leadership and leadership education have recently emerged as subjects of an expanding though as yet uncritical literature. Considerable attention is being given to the development of courses and electives, together with some proposals for generalizing these offerings to all medical students and doctors. This article briefly sketches this development and its derivation from business and corporate leadership models and accompanying literature, and subjects its adoption by medicine to critical scrutiny. Putative motivations for these developments are discussed, and an alternative explanation is offered, tied to the loss of physician status. The nature of leadership as complex, emergent, and unpredictable has been ignored in the promotion of medical leadership and leadership training, and this is reflected in the false assumption that leadership in medicine is something that can be taught. Although the leadership literature is beginning to recognize these complex aspects of leadership, so far their implications have not been acknowledged. This article aims to stimulate further analytic discussion of this under-theorized aspect of medicine.
Psychiatry and the Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Triplett Patrick
Published: December 2013

Use of electronic health records (EHRs) for psychiatric care is on the rise, although the software and the workflow patterns on which the software has been built are often based on non-psychiatric practices. For providers, the transition from paper psychiatric records to electronic ones requires the development of a new set of skills that includes accommodating the physical presence of the computer and performing various forms of data entry, while still managing to carry out the tasks required for psychiatric practice. These changes alter the dynamic of communication, including elements of assessment and treatment that occur between the psychiatrist and patient. EHRs also raise issues of security of records and greater access by patients to providers and their records. Although EHRs promise an abundance of useful data for research and potentially helpful innovations, they also impose a practice pattern on psychiatry that is made to work largely through the efforts of the physician. EHRs do not enhance interactions in the psychiatric examination room, but instead alter the traditional pattern on which the doctor-patient relationship is founded in psychiatry and through which care is delivered.
The Artful Mind: Sexual Selection and an Evolutionary Neurobiological Approach to Aesthetic Appreciation
Authors: De Ridder Dirk , Vanneste Sven
Published: December 2013

Based on functional imaging of beauty appreciation in art and of beautiful faces, a heuristic model is presented that proposes that beauty appreciation in art is based on a sexual selection mechanism that led to the preference of beautiful faces. Beauty is linked to sexual selection as a sign of fitness. Beautiful traits, like the peacock’s tail, are costly and thereby signal superior genetic quality. Mechanistically, beauty is a construct of the brain that links positive feedback of the reward system with hedonic experience, namely pleasure, which itself might be encoded in the orbito-frontal cortex. The context determines whether a stimulus should lead to further approach or withdrawal in order to maintain a hedonic homeostasis. The fact that aesthetic appreciation of art uses the same circuitry as the aesthetic appreciation of faces suggests that there is no special art circuitry in the brain, but that available networks are used for aesthetic appreciation of art.
A New Look at Medicine and the Mind-Body Problem: Can Dewey’s Pragmatism Help Medicine Connect with Its Mission?
Authors: Shelton Wayne
Published: December 2013

This article discusses how the paradigm of Cartesian mind-body dualism has shaped the cultural and institutional life of modern science and medicine. John Dewey (1859–1952) made this case in a speech to the New York Academy of Medicine in 1927, “Preoccupation with the Disconnected,” an expanded version of which was published as “Body and Mind” in the Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine in January 1928. From the perspective of Dewey’s broader philosophy, the most urgent aspect of mind-body dualism is of a practical, not theoretical, nature. Medicine at present has an opportunity in both education and practice to reconcile internally disparate trends that result from mind-body dualism and to renew its mission.
Asparagus, Urinary Odor, and 1,2-Dithiolane-4-Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Mitchell Stephen C.
Published: December 2013

The derivatives of 1,2-dithiolane are scattered widely throughout the natural world where they are generally exploited for their biocidal properties. One of these, known as asparagusic acid (1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid), is present in the frequently consumed vegetable, asparagus, and though apparently innocuous toxicologically, it may be responsible for the distinctive urine odor produced after consuming this food. This review collects together, for the first time, historical observations associating asparagus ingestion with this unique odor-producing phenomenon and collates data implicating a 1,2-dithiolane structure as the major chemical precursor responsible.
“Where Have You Brought us, Sir?”: Gender, Displacement, and the Challenges of “Homecoming” for Indian Jews in Dimona, 1950s-60s
Authors: Singh Maina Chawla
Published: December 2013

Hundreds of Jews who migrated from India to Israel in the 1950s and 1960s were settled in Israeli development towns. Ironically, many Indian Jews had left bustling urban centers like Bombay, only to be dropped off in dry, dusty, underdeveloped towns in the Negev desert. This article explores the postmigration experience of first-generation Indian Jewish women migrants settled in the town of Dimona, Israel. Drawing upon extensive ethnographic research and personal narratives, this paper analyzes the ramifications of this migration on the social, economic, linguistic, and cultural identities of these women. Highlighting the challenges faced by them as wives, mothers, and members of a labor force, the article underscores the gendered nature of this experience and its impact on the postaliya lives of these Indian Jewish migrants. The article argues that while Indian Jewish communities have successfully created supportive and associational networks across many development towns, Israeli towns like Dimona, which remain largely frozen in time, have also adversely affected the prospects of the second generation born to these Indian Jewish women who made aliya in the 1960s.
Navigating the Worldly and the Divine: Jewish American Artists on Judaism and their Art
Authors: Baskind Samantha
Published: December 2013

The history of American art boasts a large number of prominent artists with Jewish backgrounds, including artists as diverse as Richard Avedon, Audrey Flack, Robert Frank, and Lee Krasner. Whether or not these artists’ religiocultural inheritance influence(d) their art has been of recent interest. This article presents some Jewish American artists’ own thoughts on the Jewishness of their art or the spiritual dimensions that shape their artistic conceptions. Several rich sources have supplied this important primary material, including the artists’ personal writings, notably an impressive body of autobiographical books and comments, and the author’s oral interviews and written correspondence with many of the living artists. By offering some Jewish American artists’ perceptions of their background and work, not only can we see the diversity of the artists’ Jewish identifications but these new perspectives will invigorate subsequent discussions of both their Jewish and non-Jewish themed work.
Primo Levi's "Small Differences" and the Art of The Periodic Table : A Reading of "Potassium"
Authors: Baumgarten Murray
Published: December 2013

Attending to Primo Levi's comment that The Periodic Table "goes beyond simple autobiography," I explore its mixtures of literary conventions and analyze the ways in which the action of writing constitutes a central trope that links Holocaust witnessing and narrative strategy. In this book, Primo Levi, writer, is inseparable from Primo Levi, Holocaust witness, and the discourses of science and of art are subtly intertwined and reciprocally illuminating. Levi's discussion of technological know-how and personal experience intertwine with the subtlety and rigor of a poem. Playing the building blocks of the scientific elements of the periodic table against the personal experience of the narrator, Levi constructs an interactive account. I discuss how Levi's friend Sandro, in the "Iron" chapter, and Rita, in "Zinc," helped his effort to resist fascist culture, including its propaganda. Levi seeks the "strenuous clarity" of physics and mathematics. As Levi's text unfolds, we discover the ways in which the effort to engage the cognitive dissonance of his situation helps him navigate the dire currents of the Holocaust. He connects the "small differences" of his chemical analysis to the consequences of a railroad's switch points. It is an analogy that leads to chaos theory, and Levi's discussion of the role Jews have played as life-giving impurities over and against fascist racialist ideology.
Parallel Lives: Palestinian, Druze, and Jewish Women in Recent Israeli Cinema on the Conflict: Free Zone, Syrian Bride , and Lemon Tree
Authors: Harris Rachel S.
Published: December 2013

Free Zone (Amos Gitai, 2005); The Lemon Tree (Eran Riklis, 2008) and Syrian Bride (Eran Riklis, 2004), explore the Arab-Israeli conflict through women’s experience of the political and military stalemate. In presenting Palestinian, Druze, and Israeli women, these filmmakers attempt to contrast and compare women’s shared encounters, including their experience of patriarchy. While the characters may come from diametrically opposed sides, their experiences as women occlude their political differences. In these films, women are foregrounded within the plot, and have agency over their actions if not their situations. Rejecting the masculine frame that has governed representations of the conflict, these filmmakers demonstrate a new kind of approach in Israeli film that considers feminist aesthetics in the construction of character and plot, as well as the treatment of women’s physicality, gaze, territoriality, and agency.
Cross-sectoral state co-ordination, skill regimes and economic development: Lessons for South Africa from Finland, Ireland and Malaysia
Authors: Kraak Andre
Published: December 2013

This article focuses on two inter-related prerequisites for ‘developmental states’ relatively ignored in other analyses – attaining high levels of cross-departmental co-ordination and ramping up human capital formation. The article also argues that most developmental states attain economic success because they move beyond narrow orthodox macro-economic stabilisation strategies to a more mature basket of interrelated micro-economic policies (such as industrial, innovation and skills policies) which seek to move the national economy up the value chain continuously towards higher value-added manufacturing and business services. This latter factor requires high levels of horizontal co-ordination between complementary policy elements such as education and training, industrial development, science and technological innovation, employment and economic growth. This argument is illustrated via a comparative analysis of the development trajectories of Finland, Ireland and Malaysia over the past three decades. These case studies are raised not as exemplars to be slavishly emulated by South Africa, but as cases which raise interesting comparisons, particularly around the role of horizontal co-ordination and skill formation. They differ amongst themselves with regard to the relative strengths of the manufacturing and financial sectors, the extent of value addition, export orientation, and human capital formation. The conclusion briefly touches on the inability of South Africa to learn from these development trajectories and meet these critical preconditions for success.
Woza eNanda: perceptions of and attitudes towards heritage and tourism in a South African township
Authors: Marschall Sabine
Published: December 2013

This paper focuses on local knowledge and perceptions about heritage and tourism in Inanda, north of Durban, in view of the eThekwini municipality’s recent investment in the upgrading of the Inanda Heritage Route. The research is based on in-depth interviews with a cross-section of Inanda residents and tourist guides, as well as a small survey and the experiences of a community outreach project based at two high schools in Inanda. It is evident that many residents of Inanda have never visited the route attractions, show little interest in heritage conservation, and appear to have no genuine sense of ownership of the heritage sites. While being positive about attracting tourists to Inanda, the paper finds that the community knows little about tourism and the needs and motivations of tourists. It is argued that this lack of knowledge and interest impedes local people’s ability to connect with the tourism phenomenon and take advantage of the opportunities it creates. This study highlights especially the role of young people as brokers of new value systems and the importance of instilling a passion for heritage and a locally contextualised understanding of tourism in the transformation of the tourism industry and heritage sector.
The Working Class Has Two Sexes
Authors: Baxandall Rosalyn Fraad , Ewen Elizabeth , Gordon Linda
Published: December 2013

From a feminist perspective, Harry Braverman's focus in Labor and Monopoly Capital on the way industrial capitalism reorganizes and continually splits up the labor process has special importance. This focus provides the basis for a renewed revolutionary view of people's labor, an insistence that socialism cannot be created by a mere transfer of ownership of products but must transform the processes of work and daily life. The powerlessness of women and all working-class people is not based solely on material deprivation but on the stunting of our human capacities by an oppressive division of labor.

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The wine bottle’ new “clothing” — a visual anthropological analysis of wine bottle labels in the collection of the Tokaj Museum
Authors: Tóth-Pap Hajnalka
Published: December 2013

The study briefly sketches the process of the birth of the wine bottle label and how it became one of the most important signs of the wine bottle, the wine it contained and the wine-maker. The design and the making of the wine bottle labels have the same typical 20th-century history as the wine itself.
What is the price of success in Soltvadkert? (Vine-growers and wine-producers in an East-Central Hungarian town)
Authors: Schwarcz Gyöngyi
Published: December 2013

In this article the author attempts to rethink the results of an earlier research. From a certain angle she continues to seek answers to why vine-growing and wine-making was unable to launch striking social changes in the settlement concerned. The author is also interested in what economic and social advantages it has preserved in the post-socialist transitional period.
Changes in cooperatives in Tokaj-Hegyalja following the change of system
Authors: Hajdú Ildikó
Published: December 2013

The change of system drastically transformed the functioning of society in Tokaj-Hegyalja, it placed the economic structure on new foundations and parallel with this there was also a change in the picture formed of the individual and collective action of economic actors. Within this there was also a revaluation of the role of the cooperatives that had played a determining role in Hegyalja for 150 years and grouped a broad stratum of producers. Under the combined influence of external and internal factors, judgement of the cooperatives has become ambivalent despite the fact that they have many positive qualities for small producers. This article examines the situation of the cooperatives in the period following the change of system from the viewpoint of economic anthropology. Based on interviews with producers in Hegyalja and data available on the economic organisations, a picture emerges of the economic attitude that now characterises this form of collective action.
Hüterbaum und Tragestecken Rechtsarchäologische Zeugnisse des Weinbaus
Authors: Schempf Herbert
Published: December 2013

The article presents the material relics related to the guarding of vineyards and the grape harvest, mainly from the angle of legal history and the ethnology of law, drawing as a source on objects preserved in museums and other collections as well as on images. The examples reach back as far as the 14th century and geographically are taken from Austria and the neighbouring Slovene, Moravian, German, Swiss and Italian (South Tyrol) territories. The author writes about how the gate of the vineyard was closed when the grapes began to ripen indicating that entry was forbidden to outsiders, as well as about the tall “guards’ posts” used for observation of the territory, the tasks of the vineyard guards trusted with protecting the area, their dress, the implements they used in their work (weapon, clapper, etc.) and their payment. In connection with the grape harvest the article also mentions the role and use of sticks with notched signs to record the performance of the harvesters and the size of the harvest.
Zwischen Ost und West Kelemen Mikes’ Bedeutung für die Ostmitteleuropäische Weinerzeugung eine Historisch-Ethnographische Untersuchung
Authors: Csoma Zsigmond
Published: December 2013

The letters written regularly by Kelemen Mikes in exile in the middle of the 18th century to his imaginary aunt can also be used as a source for ethnology, historical ethnology and economic history. They made important observations and comparisons regarding many areas of everyday life in Transylvania and the inner Székelyföld (Szeklerland), and the material culture of Turkey and Asia Minor. His ideas on the reform of economic affairs, often in advance of his age, were intended to arouse the attention of farmers and nobles in Transylvania and Hungary. However the economic policy of the Viennese court was not yet ripe for the protection of taxpayers in face of the shackles of feudalism or for the introduction of economic reforms, or even for attention to Kelemen Mikes’s proposals. The evaluation of his work from the angle of economic ethnology and the history of viticulture and viniculture places it in a new light and adds a new dimension to the schematic picture and opinion of it formed by historians and literary historians.
“Wine culture in Castilla Y León: An approach to different meanings in today’s context”
Authors: Ponga José
Published: December 2013

In this article the author would like to present and study several aspects of vine-growing and wine-making, such as wine tourism, consumption, identity. He offers an anthropological view of these aspects, showing how they work in various wine areas in Castilla y León.
Beschütze Unser Obst, Unsere Weinreben Vor Eis, Plagen... Die Verehrung des Heiligen Donatus
Authors: Lukács László
Published: December 2013

For vinegrowers, particularly those in Transdanubia, Upper Hungary and Transylvania, St Donatus, martyr bishop of Arezzo, is a popular patron saint. Devotion to the saint began in earnest in Germany during the baroque period. When his relics were taken from Rome and Münster in the Rhineland an accompanying priest was struck by lightning only to survive unscathed. It was a miracle that was explained by the divine intervention of St Donatus. Devotion to the saint consequently spread rapidly in the Rhine wine region. Since the 18th century processions have also been held and supplications made to the saint in Austria and Hungary on his feast day (August 7th) to ward off natural disasters, lightning and hail. The feast day of St Donatus is celebrated on two different days: August 7th in Székesfehérvár and Csókakő and July 14th in Budafok, with Eger celebrating on the second Sunday in July. The explanation lies in the Roman martyrology, where August 7th marks the martyrdom Donatus shared with the monk Hilarinus, while July 16th was the date their bodies were taken to Ostia. It is account of their joint martyrdom that St Donatus’s death is also commemorated on this day.
Erfundene Traditionen, Feste und Tourismus in den Weinbergen Südwestungarns
Authors: Schempf Herbert
Published: December 2013

Geographically the research covers the vineyards in the southern part of Zala County, in south-western Hungary. In the article I seek an answer to the question of how and to what extent the vineyard plots that were earlier used in part for commodity production (for the grower’s own use and to a lesser extent for the market), and in part as hobby gardens are being transformed into an area offering leisure-time activities for others (vineyard tourism). On the basis of data collected during fieldwork I examine the festivals and events designed to preserve and create vineyard traditions (vineyard festival, protective saints and sacral relics, grape harvest festival, chestnut festival) and tourism opportunities according to their economic, social and cultural functions. In the southern Zala region examined a wide variety and complex forms of these events arose and they play a not insignificant part in shaping and strengthening local and micro community identity. Creative individual or micro community initiatives play a very big part in the present processes of the preservation and invention of tradition, but the events can only be kept alive and become tradition if they are accepted by the community.
Calculation of Deexcitation Probability of Ne(3P2) by Ar for the Case E>>D
Authors: Khadka Deba Bahadur
Published: December 2013

The deexcitaion probability calculation of the total Penning ionization cross section for Ne(3P2) by Ar has been made at collisional energy 38.1 meV. The comparison of deexcitationcross sections, polarizability, α/β , deexcitation probability, {IP(M)/IP(Ne*)}1/2 and the welldepth of interaction potentials for Ne(3P2) by Ar for the case E >> D has been made.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9335Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  52-55 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 4-aryl furo Pyridazines
Authors: Singh Ashok Kumar , Srivastav Narendra Kumar
Published: December 2013

Benzoyl hydrazides (1a-b) was condensed with furan-2-aldehyde (2) in the presence of sodium hydroxide and dry ethanol, furan-2-yl-benzoyl hydrazone (3a-b) was achieved. Intramolecular cyclization of compound 3a-b with PPE afforded 4-aryl furo pyridazines (4a-b)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9338Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  66-70 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013
Relaxations in relation to Liquid Crystalline Formation and Glass Transition for Comb-like Polymer: Structural Relaxation as expressed by Entropy Model and Activation Energy Spectrum
Authors: Tanaka Yutaka
Published: December 2013

This study demonstrates that the modelling approach for the kinetic phenomenon of glass transition is effective to examine the relaxation. In the enthalpy relaxation of poly(cyanobiphenyl-yloxy) alkyl acrylate, the decrease in enthalpy was measured as a function of ageing time and ageing temperature. Obtained data was analysed at first with the activation energy spectrum (AES) model, and next, with the framework of the entropy model which follows the evolution of the configurational entropy of the sample during the whole thermal history in the experiment. The prediction of DSC curve based on the result of analysis for the glass transition will be presented. AES model gives information about thermally activated processes which are available to contribute to observed enthalpy changes against the thermal history. The activated processes are relevant to the rearrangement of molecules. The rearrangement corresponds to the structural changes of polymer chain which can be observed in our study as the change in optical texture, known as the coarsening dynamics of nematic domain for the liquid crystalline materials. The analysis for the coarsening is also shown to elucidate the specific feature of physical parameter.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9377Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  107-110 Uploaded date: 12/19/2013
Enhanced Production of Ethanol from Cheese whey by Agarose and Alginate immobilization of Yeast Cells
Authors: Shrestha Smita , Shrestha Fedip , Rajbhandari Prajwal , Baral Ramesh , Suwal Shyam Krishna , Joshi Jarina
Published: December 2013

Yeasts cells isolated from dry yeast were immobilized in alginate and agarose to form beads. The fermentation of ethanol from cheese whey was optimized with respect to temperature, pH, and rpm. A comparative study was performed between immobilized and free cells to get the maximum ethanol production Results revealed that 35°C temperature, 4.5 pH and 60 rpm is the optimized condition for yeast immobilized in agarose bead. Similarly, 35°C temperature, 5.0 pH, 60 rpm is the optimized condition for yeast immobilized in alginate bead and 35°C temperature, 5.0 pH, 80 rpm is the optimized condition for the free yeast cell respectively. Immobilised cell resulted 4.25% ethanol with alginate bead whereas 4.35% with agarose bead and 4.30% with free cell after three days of incubation under optimized conditions. When the same cell immobilized beads were reused, obtained 1.8% ethanol with agarose and 1.7% ethanol with alginate bead.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9388Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  159-164 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
Preparation of halide sensors by means of co-precipitation of silver sulphide and silver halide
Authors: Rajbhandari Armila , Manandhar Krishna , Pradhananga Raja Ram
Published: December 2013

Halide sensors have been prepared in the laboratory by means of co-precipitation of silver sulphide and silver halide and is used for the determination of iodide, bromide and chlorides ions. The iodide sensors show a Nernstian response in the concentration range of 10-1 to 10-6M iodide ions, bromide sensors show a linear response in the concentration range of 10-1 to 10-5M bromide ions while chloride sensors show linear response upto the concentration range of 10-4M chloride ions. The response time of all the electrodes, is < 1minute. The iodide sensors were found to be selective towards iodide ions in the presence of Cl- and Br- ions while bromide and chloride sensors interferred by iodide ions as indicated by selectivity coefficient values of 3.98 and 48.9 respectively. These sensors have been successfully applied for potentiometric titrations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9390Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  168-173 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
Synthesis of Triazole derivative: [4-(benzylideneamino)-5-phenyl -4H-1,2,4 – triazole-3-thiol]
Authors: Singh Ashok Kumar , Kandel Khem Raj
Published: December 2013

The basic nucleus 4-(amino)-5-phenyl-l-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol has been synthesized by cyclisation of potassium dithiocarbazinate with hydrazine hydrate using water as solvent under reflux condition for 3-4 h. The compound which has been synthesized successfully was subjected to condensation with benzaldehyde to synthesize 4-(benzylideneamino)-5-phenyl -4H-1,2,4 – triazole-3-thiol (Schiff base). The compounds were confirmed by physical parameters (melting point), chromatographic methods (TLC) and spectroscopic methods (IR and NMR).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9391Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  174-177 Uploaded date: 12/20/2013
Highly-porous metal option for primary cementless acetabular fixation. What is the evidence?
Authors: Banerjee Samik , Issa Kimona , Kapadia Bhaveen H. , Pivec Robert , Khanuja Harpal S. , Mont Michael A.
Published: December 2013

The purported improvement in the initial stability and enhanced osseointegration has stimulated a recent increase in the use of highly-porous interfaces for acetabular fixation in cementless hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the literature and report the clinical outcomes of highly-porous metals in primary cementless acetabular fixation. Aseptic survivorship, osteolysis, Harris hip scores, cup migration and the incidence of peri-acetabular gaps, and peri-prosthetic fractures were assessed. A search of four electronic databases yielded 16 level IV studies that reported on the use of these newer highly-porous metals in primary cementless acetabular fixation. The mean cup-survivorship for aseptic loosening with the use of these modern interfaces was 100% and the mean acetabular component revision rate for any reason at 100-component years was 0.14 (range 0 to 0.55) at a mean follow-up of five years. The functional outcomes were also noted to be excellent with significant improvement in Harris Hip scores from a mean of 46 points pre-operatively (15 to 85 points) to 91 points (range, 80 to 97 points) post-operatively. Cup-stability was found to be excellent with a mean incidence of migration of less than 2% at mean follow-up of five years (range, 0.6 to 12 years). None of the studies on primary arthroplasty had any evidence of progressive peri-acetabular osteolysis in their study population at final follow-up. In summary, randomised controlled trials and long-term evaluation of these highly-porous implants will be needed in future to determine their potential superiority and to justify the increased cost.
Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen (80% FIO2) for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection after Emergency Cesarean Section
Authors: Admadé Bleixen , Reyes Osvaldo
Published: December 2013

Objective. Cesarean section can be a lifesaving procedure. However, as with many surgeries, it is not exempt of complications. Surgical site infections generate higher costs, serious morbidity, and mortality. This study evaluates the benefits of perioperative oxygen to prevent surgical site infections. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of perioperative oxygen to prevent surgical site infection after emergency cesarean section. Patients were randomized to receive either oxygen (80% FIO2) during cesarean section plus two hours postsurgery or no supplemental oxygen. A sample of 326 patients was calculated for the primary outcome (163 in each group) and they were evaluated daily before leaving the hospital, at days 15 and 30. Results. Initially, 360 patients were enrolled, from which 17 were excluded (sample size: 343 (179 patients in the air group and 164 in the oxygen group)). We found no significant difference in the incidence of surgical site infection between these two groups at any of the evaluation times. Conclusion. In this study of patients with emergency cesarean section, we showed that the use of supplemental oxygen does not reduce the incidence of surgical site infection. This trial is registeres with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01340534.
Taking Time Seriously: Progressivism, the Business–Social Science Nexus, and the Paradox of American Administrative Reform
Authors: Durant Robert F.
Published: December 2013

In his classic book,Reflections on Public Administration, John Gaus (1947) wrote about the factors that he saw interacting to either increase or reduce growth in government in the United States. “I put before you,” he wrote, “a list of the factors which I have found useful as explaining the ebb and flow of the functions of government.” His “ecology of government” included changes in “people, place, physical technology, social technology, wishes and ideas, catastrophe, and personality.” He continued, “Such [are] the ‘raw material of politics’ and hence of administration [and] are in themselves the raw material of a science of administration” (9).
When Tenure Protects the Incompetent: Results from a Survey of Department Chairs
Authors: Rothgeb John M.
Published: December 2013

This research uses data from a national survey of political science department chairs to explore when tenure protects incompetent faculty. The characteristics of the responding institutions and the procedures and standards they use when evaluating tenure applications were analyzed to determine how they related to the protection of the incompetent. The results reveal that tenure is most likely to shield incompetent faculty when collegiality plays a role in tenure decisions and when departments focus on the quantity of articles an applicant publishes. The findings also show that when departments demand that candidates publish in prestigious journals and when higher authorities at the institution have reversed positive departmental tenure recommendations, the probability that the incompetent are protected declines.
Fighting the Battles We Never Could: The Avengers and Post-September 11 American Political Identities
Authors: Hagley Annika , Harrison Michael
Published: December 2013

On June 26, 2012, Marvel'sThe Avengersbecame the third movie in history to earn $600 million dollars at the box office. The film was well received by fans and critics alike and it stood at the apex of a series of superhero movies released in the last decade. The mass appeal of the superhero, as evidenced by this success, has never seemed more powerful than in the years since September 11, a day that floored the likes of Captain America, who wept amidst the rubble with Spider-Man. “Some things are beyond words. Beyond comprehension. Beyond forgiveness” (Straczynski, Romita, and Hanna 2001, 2–3). In this atmosphere of uncertainty, comic book writers struggle to deal with the realization that, when America needed its heroes the most, they could only stand among the wreckage of the smoldering twin towers with the rest of us and ask “why?”
Rubrics in the Political Science Classroom: Packing a Serious Analytical Punch
Authors: Rublee Maria Rost
Published: December 2013

Although professors may be aware that rubrics shorten grading time and improve grading consistency, many are not aware that rubrics offer a powerful analytical punch. Given the demands for active learning in today's college classroom, rubrics allow instructors to focus on analytical quality while engaging students in a variety of assignments. Rubrics are useful not only in more traditional applications—for example, papers and oral presentations—but also for more creative purposes. Using rubrics in both self and peer assessment engages students more in assignments, allowing them to reflect on their own performance and their peers. Going one step further, instructors can engage students in the construction of rubrics that will be used to grade their own work. Finally, rubrics force instructors to be clear about their own purposes for an assignment, and over time, instructors can become more attuned to the analytical possibilities in even traditional “busywork” assignments.