bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managers' variance investigation decisions: an experimental examination of probabilistic and outcome ambiguity
Authors: Ho Joanna L. Y. , Keller L. Robin , Keltyka Pamela
Published: August 2002

Information ambiguity is prevalent in organizations and may influence management decisions. This study examines, given imprecise probabilities or outcomes, how managers decide which department's performance to investigate further when they are provided with performance benchmarks expressed in numerical intervals. Seventy‐nine MBA students participated in two experiments involving investigation decisions. We presented participants with interval benchmarks of a firm's expenses. Being below or above the benchmark should have been seen as equally negative. We found that, when facing outcome ambiguity, our participants consistently preferred to investigate further those departments whose performance was described as having an ambiguous outcome (when the outcome's range was centered either below or above the interval benchmark). However, when facing probabilistic ambiguity, there were two predominant choice patterns: consistently choosing to investigate the department whose performance is described with an ambiguous probability, or consistently choosing to investigate the department with unambiguous performance. To gain further insight, we conducted a follow‐up study collecting written protocols of participants' reasons for making choices involving ambiguous performance information. The results show that our participants displayed similar decision‐making processes when facing outcome ambiguity and probabilistic ambiguity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A map of the common chimpanzee genome
Authors: Wildman Derek E.
Published: August 2002

The completion of the chimpanzee genome will greatly help us determine which genetic changes are unique to humanity. Chimpanzees are our closest living relative, and a recent study has made considerable progress towards decoding the genome of our sister taxon.1 Over 75,000 common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences were aligned and mapped to the human genome. This study shows the remarkable genetic similarity (98.77%) between humans and chimpanzees, while highlighting intriguing areas of potential difference. If we wish to understand the genetic basis of humankind, the completion of the chimpanzee genome deserves high priority. BioEssays 24:490–493, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo behaviour of long‐circulating liposomes in blood vessels in hamster inflammation and septic shock models—use of intravital fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Devoisselle Jean‐Marie , Begu Sylvie , Tourné‐Péteilh Corine , Desmettre Thomas , Mordon Serge
Published: August 2002

This study aimed to observe liposome uptake by leukocytes in vivo. The study was performed on skin by using a dorsal skin‐fold chamber implanted in golden hamsters using intravital microscopy. 5 and 6‐CF‐encapsulated polyethylene glycolated liposomes were injected intravenously. The skin microcirculation was observed with an intravital Eclipse E800 Nikon microscope (using ×40, ×80 magnification) fitted with a Xenon light source and an epifluorescence assembly (excitation, 470 nm, FWHM 40 nm; emission, 540 nm, FWHM 40 nm). An ultra‐high sensitivity videocamera mounted on the microscope projected the image onto a monitor, and the images (720 × 576 pixels) were recorded for playback analysis with a digital video cassette recorder. An acute inflammatory response was obtained by removing one complete layer of skin and the underlying fascia and avascular tissue on the opposing side of the flap corresponding to an area equivalent to the window aperture. Using this model and set‐up, leukocyte rolling and adhesion were easily observed and the entry of PEGylated liposomes into hamster blood leukocytes was studied for a period of 6 h. PEGylated liposomes were clearly identified alone inside the blood flow and inside the leukocytes as soon as the inflammatory reaction appeared. This study shows for the first time that blood leukocytes in their natural milieu of whole blood are capable of interacting with, and taking up, liposomes. This observation is in accordance with previous in vitro studies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic characterization of selected β‐ sheet hairpin models
Authors: Hilario Jovencio , Kubelka Jan , Syud Faisal A. , Gellman Samuel H. , Keiderling Timothy A.
Published: August 2002

The IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of a model two‐stranded β hairpin are compared to those of a related cyclic two‐stranded model, which are both stabilized by DPro‐ Gly turns. The spectra are compared to ab initio based simulations to support specific assignments of the dominant features and suggest a revised interpretation of the IR and VCD spectra for β sheet containing proteins. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 233–236, 2002
Functional engineering of hepatocytes via heterocellular presentation of a homoadhesive molecule, E‐cadherin
Authors: Brieva Thomas A. , Moghe Prabhas V.
Published: August 2002

Engineering functional activity of liver cell cultures requires the modulation of specific cell–cell interactions. We have investigated the quantitative role of systematically varied presentation of the cell–cell adhesion molecule, E‐cadherin, on the differentiated function of cocultured parenchymal liver cells, hepatocytes. Specifically, we incorporated different proportions of E‐cadherin transfected L‐929 chaperone cells and untransfected chaperone cells, within cultures of primary rat hepatocytes on a collagen substrate. By using a strongly adhesive substrate that restricted cadherin‐induced variations in cell spreading and growth‐arresting chaperone cells, we could carefully isolate the potential role of cell–cell adhesion on cell differentiation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we confirmed that cadherins expressed at hepatocyte–hepatocyte contacts as well as hepatocyte–chaperone contacts were crossreactive. However, hepatocytes cocultured with cadherin‐presenting chaperone cells had a 55–65% increase in longterm function over hepatocytes cocultured with control, nonpresenting chaperone cells. Notably, the cadherin‐induced increase in function occurred over and above the basal, coculture‐induced functional elevation. Further, we quantified the stoichiometric importance of cadherin contacts by comparing established markers of hepatocyte functional activity across a graded range of E‐cadherin presentation. At low levels of cadherin‐mediated contacts, the induction of differentiated function was weak, while high levels of contacts elicited a marked increase in function. Thus, hepatocyte biochemical functions (albumin and urea secretion) were biphasically governed by the degree of cadherin‐based contacts presented during culture. Overall, our results demonstrate the unequivocal role of cell–cell adhesion molecules in hepatocyte functional engineering, through the graded use of cadherin presentation from functionally incompetent, heterotypic chaperone cells. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 295–302, 2001.
Modeling and kinetic analysis of the reaction system using whole cells with separately and co‐expressed D‐hydantoinase and N‐carbamoylase
Authors: Park Joo‐Ho , Oh Ki‐Hoon , Lee Dong‐Cheol , Kim Hak‐Sung
Published: August 2002

We developed a kinetic model that describes a heterogeneous reaction system for the production of D‐p‐hydroxyphenylglycine from D,L‐p‐hydroxyphenyl‐hydantoin using D‐hydantoinase of Bacillus stearothermophilus SD1 and N‐carbamoylase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens NRRL B11291. As a biocatalyst, whole cells with separately or co‐expressed enzymes were used. The reaction system involves dissolution of substrate particles, enzymatic conversion, racemization of the L‐form substrate, and transfer of the dissolved substrate, intermediate, and product through the cell membrane. Because the two enzymes have different pH optimum, kinetic parameters were evaluated at different pH for the reaction systems. The model was simulated using the kinetic parameters and compared with experimental data, and it was found that the kinetic model well describes the behavior of the reaction systems using whole cells with separately and co‐expressed enzymes. Factors affecting the kinetics of the reaction systems were analyzed on the basis of the kinetic model. In the reaction system with separately expressed enzymes, racemization rate and transport of the reaction intermediate (N‐carbamoyl‐D‐p‐hydroxyphenylglycine) were revealed to be the limiting factors at neutral pH, resulting in accumulation of intermediate in the reaction medium. At alkaline condition, on the other hand, inhibition of N‐carbamoylase by ammonia was severe, and thereby the reaction rate significantly reduced. In the co‐expressed enzyme system, accumulation of intermediate was negligible in the reaction medium, and the improved performance was observed compared to that with separately expressed enzymes. The present model might be applied for the optimization and development of the reaction system using two sequential enzymes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 779–793, 2002.
Novel pristinamycin‐responsive expression systems for plant cells
Authors: Frey Alexander D. , Rimann Markus , Bailey James E. , Kallio Pauli T. , Thompson Charles J. , Fussenegger Martin
Published: August 2002

Novel gene regulation systems were designed for plant cells responsive to the streptogramin antibiotic pristinamycin. The pristinamycin‐repressible plant gene regulation concept (PIPpOFF) is based on a transcriptional activator (PIT) which consists of the Pip protein, the repressor of the pristinamycin resistance operon of Streptomyces coelicolor, fused to the VP16 transactivation domain of the Herpes simplex virus. PIT mediates pristinamycin‐repressible activation of a synthetic plant promoter (PpPIR) in tobacco cells consisting of a nine Pip‐binding site‐containing artificial operator (PIR3) placed upstream of a TATA‐box derived from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (PCaMV35S). Pristinamycin interferes with induction by negatively regulating the DNA‐binding capacity of the Pip moiety of PIT. A second, streptogramin‐inducible plant gene regulation system (PIPpON) was constructed by combining Pip expression with a plant‐specific pristinamycin‐inducible promoter (PpPIRON). PpPIRON consists of a PIR3 module cloned downstream of the strong constitutive plant promoter PCaMV35S. As in the native Streptomyces configuration, Pip binds to its cognate sequence within PpPIRON in the absence of regulating antibiotic and silences the chimeric plant promoter. Upon addition of pristinamycin, Pip is released from the PIR3 operator and full PCaMV35S‐driven expression of desired plant genes is induced. The PIPpOFF and PIPpON systems performed well in Nicotiana tabacum suspension cultures and promise to provide an attractive extension of existing plant gene regulation technology for basic plant research or biopharmaceutical manufacturing using plant tissue culture. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 154–163, 2001.
Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs)
Authors: O'Connell P. J. , Varley J.
Published: August 2002

A novel technique for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase onto anionic colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) is described. CGAs are spherical microbubbles (10–100 μm) composed of an inner gas core surrounded by a surfactant shell. In this initial study, greater than 80% lipase (w/w) was effectively retained on the CGAs. Leakage of protein from the CGAs and the activity of the adsorbed lipase decreased with increasing enzyme loading; this indicates that multilayers of lipase may be adsorbing onto the CGAs. The CGA‐immobilised lipase displayed normal Michaelis‐Menten dependence on substrate concentration and also exhibited greater activity than the free enzyme. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 264–269, 2001.
Enhancement of organophosphorus hydrolase yield in Escherichia coli using multiple gene fusions
Authors: Wu Chi‐Fang , Valdes James J. , Rao Govind , Bentley William E.
Published: August 2002

It was previously shown that organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) expression and purification could be tracked by fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) when synthesized as an N‐terminal fusion with GFP (Cha et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000). In order to enhance OPH productivity while utilizing the advantage of the reporter protein (GFP), two copies of OPH were cloned in tandem following the gfpuv gene (e.g., GFP‐OPHn=2). Both anti‐GFP and anti‐OPH Western blots demonstrated that a higher yield was achieved in comparison to the one copy fusion (GFP‐OPH). Importantly, the fusion protein was still fluorescent as determined via microscopy. In contrast, a fusion containing two copies of OPH without GFP, and an operon fusion of two OPHs with two independent ribosomal binding sites, did not result in a higher yield than one OPH expressed alone. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. BioTechnol Bioeng 75: 100–103, 2001.
Incentives and disincentives for corporate environmental disclosure
Authors: Solomon Aris , Lewis Linda
Published: August 2002

The year 2000 saw the launch of AA1000, a standard designed to enable corporate ethical performance to be judged. If such ethical performance is interpreted as social and environmental behaviour our view is that it should lead to more social and environmental disclosure. Yet the willingness to communicate corporate social and environmental performance still seems to be limited. Of the social and environmental disclosures that exist many appear to be rather fragmented and disparate. In this paper we explore the apparent paradox between concern for the environment and the limited amount of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) that takes place. Through an empirical study, the incentives and disincentives for CED are identified. Findings from the study identify a difference between the information requirements of ‘users’ and the willingness of ‘preparers’ to provide. The paper makes some tentative policy suggestions with the intention of bringing the two parties closer together. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Procedural justice in the context of civil commitment: an analogue study*
Authors: Cascardi Michele , Poythress Norman G. , Hall Alicia
Published: August 2002

Procedural justice theory posits that the process by which disputes are resolved influences perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with outcomes, even if the outcomes are unfavorable. Within the context of civil commitment, Tyler (1992) has suggested that enhancing respondents' perceptions of procedural justice (i.e., participation, dignity, and trust) during commitment proceedings might facilitate accommodation to an adverse judicial determination (i.e., commitment) and subsequently enhance therapeutic outcomes. The study reported here used videotapes of mock commitment hearings to examine whether patients committed for involuntary treatment are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations. Results suggest that patients are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations and, further, that such manipulations are likely to influence the patients' attitude toward psychiatric care. These findings suggest that the development of strategies to enhance patients' perceptions of procedural justice in commitment hearings may indeed have positive therapeutic implications and warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dexamethasone on tooth eruption in rats: Differences in incisor and molar eruption
Authors: Wise Gary E. , Grier Robert L. , Lumpkin Steven J. , Zhang Quiyang
Published: August 2002

A requirement for tooth eruption is the resorption of alveolar bone. Because bone resorption is stimulated by dexamethasone both in vivo and in vitro, dexamethasone 21‐phosphate, a soluble form of dexamethasone, was injected into rats to determine its effect on tooth eruption. Such dexamethasone injections accelerate the time of intra‐osseous eruption in rat incisors but do not accelerate the eruption time of rat molars when injected into rats. The injections of dexamethasone 21‐phosphate also accelerate the time of eyelid opening in the postnatal rats, as well as retarding growth, as measured by body weight. These effects of dexamethasone 21‐phosphate parallel the effects of epidermal growth factor injections, including the absence of an effect on molar eruption. This suggests that the molecular signals for the initiation of tooth eruption (i.e., onset of bone resorption) differ between rat incisors and molars. Given that rat incisors are teeth of continuous eruption whereas rat molars are teeth of limited eruption, as are human teeth, care must be taken in extrapolating results derived from rat incisors to human dentition. In vitro, dexamethasone has no effect on the gene expression of either osteoprotegerin or epidermal growth factor in dental follicle cells derived from molars. Because osteoprotegerin expression during normal tooth eruption is transitorily inhibited early postnatally in the molar dental follicle to allow osteoclast formation, the absence of inhibition of its expression by dexamethasone could explain why dexamethasone does not accelerate eruption in molars. Clin. Anat. 14:204–209, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety of coronary stenting early after thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction: One‐ and six‐month clinical and angiographic evolution
Authors: Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Alonso Joaquín J. , Gimeno Federico , Ramos Benigno , Durán Juan M. , Bermejo José , de la Fuente Luis , Muñoz Juan C. , Garcimartín Isabel , García‐Morán Emilio , Sanz Olga , Serrador Ana , San Román José A.
Published: August 2002

To determine the feasibility and safety of early posthrombolysis coronary stenting and the incidence of further reocclusion, we followed 99 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction thrombolyzed with rt‐PA 2.0 ± 0.8 hr after onset. Culprit artery was stented 14.0 ± 7.0 hr after thrombolysis. All patients underwent clinical and angiographic follow‐up at 1 and 6 months. Angiographic success was achieved in 99% of cases. Neither major cardiac events nor bleeding or vascular complications occurred during hospital stay. At 30 days, no events occurred and normal flow persisted in all stented arteries. At 6 months, only one artery reoccluded (1%), resulting in a nonfatal reinfarction. Restenosis rate was 21%. Contribution of the infarcted area to left ventricular function significantly increased from baseline to 30‐day and to 6‐month evaluations. Thus, early posthrombolysis stenting is a safe strategy with a low reocclusion rate, which seems to allow functional recovery of the infarcted area. Further studies are necessary to define its impact on survival and cost‐effectiveness. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:467–476. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stenting very small coronary narrowings (< 2 mm) using the biocompatible phosphorylcholine‐coated coronary stent
Authors: Grenadier Ehud , Roguin Ariel , Hertz Izhack , Peled Benjamin , Boulos Monther , Nikolsky Eugenia , Amikam Shlomo , Kerner Arthur , Cohen Silviu , Beyar Rafael
Published: August 2002

Published data regarding stenting very small arteries are still limited. The BiodivYsio stent is a new stent coated with phosphorylcholine, a biocompatible molecule designed to reduce the formation of thrombus and potentially the risk of restenosis. The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of implantation of the 2.0 mm coated coronary stent were prospectively studied. We studied 97 patients from three centers who underwent elective, urgent, or bailout implantation of 106 BiodivYsio mini‐stents (2.0 mm) in 101 lesions. Forty percent of lesions had unfavorable characteristics (type B2 or C) and 16% had thrombus and/or chronic total occlusion. Successful stent deployment was achieved in 100/101 lesions (99%). MLD increased from 0.49 ± 0.31 mm to 1.89 ± 0.41 mm and diameter stenosis decreased from 89% ± 7% to 5.6% ± 6%. Small vessel stenting was the only procedure in 71% patients. There was one acute stent thrombosis case. During 6‐month follow‐up, none died, one had MI, and one was referred to CABG due to nontarget lesion progression. Angiographic restenosis that required target lesion revascularization was performed in 8/18 that had catheterization due to chest pain or significant ischemia. Most patients improved in their clinical symptoms. The rate of major adverse cardiac events was 4.1% at 30‐day and 10.3% at 6‐month follow‐up. This initial clinical experience indicates that the implantation of 2.0 mm stents coated with phosphorylcholine appears to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of complex coronary lesions and is associated with low target vessel revascularization rate in spite of the very small vessel diameter. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:303–308. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term clinical outcome after implantation of medium Palmaz (biliary) stents in very large native coronary arteries
Authors: Chio Francisco L. , Liu Ming W. , Al‐Saif Shukri M. , Khan Masroor A. , Lawson David , Al‐Mubarak Nadim
Published: August 2002

Intracoronary stenting has been shown to improve acute and long‐term clinical results compared with coronary angioplasty. However, clinical outcome after medium Palmaz biliary (PB) stent implantation in very large native coronary arteries (> 4 mm in diameter) is unknown. This study evaluated restenosis and long‐term clinical outcome after PB stenting in large native coronary arteries. Between June 1993 and December 1998, 55 patients with 56 lesions were treated with PB stents. Intracoronary stent deployment was successful in all 56 vessels attempted (100%). The mean stenosis was reduced from 65% ± 10% to 4% ± 14%. In 48 of the 56 vessels (86%), vessel size was greater than 4.0 mm in diameter and the mean reference vessel diameter was 4.73 ± 0.7 mm after stenting. Angiographic success was achieved in 100%. Five patients had postprocedural cardiac enzyme elevation. There was no periprocedural death, emergency coronary artery bypass surgery, repeat target lesion revascularization, or acute stent thrombosis. Long‐term clinical follow‐up at mean of 28 ± 15 months was obtained in 96% of the patients. Clinical restenosis rate occurred in 18% of ostial (6/34) and 0% of nonostial (0/22) lesions (P < 0.0001) with an overall clinical restenosis rate of 11%. Repeat angioplasty were performed in these six patients. There were three cardiac and three noncardiac deaths. The overall event‐free survival at 1 and 3 years was 92% ± 4% and 80% ± 6%, respectively. PB stent implantation in very large native coronary arteries can be performed with a high degree of procedural success and low in‐hospital complications. The long‐term clinical outcome of patients undergoing PB stenting is associated with excellent event‐free survival. However, stenting of ostial lesions remains as an important factor for restenosis even in very large coronary artery stenting. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:35–39. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of low‐volume versus standard‐volume left ventriculography
Authors: Hodges Michael C. , Rollefson William A. , Sample Scott A. , Rubal Bernard J. , Stajduhar Karl C.
Published: August 2002

Left ventriculography provides useful information about cardiac function, wall motion, and mitral regurgitation (MR). However, standard volumes of contrast agent frequently are associated with ventricular ectopy. This study compares the use of low‐volume (Low‐vol) ventriculography to standard volume (Std‐vol) ventriculography. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), changes in LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the incidence of ectopy, and >2+ MR were prospectively determined from the random order use of standard (15 mL/ second for 3 sec) and low‐volume (15 mL/sec for 1 sec) contrast agents in 102 patients. Each patient served as his or her own control. Twenty‐seven percent of the 204 ventriculograms were not interpretable due to ectopy. Ectopy ≥ 3 beats was more common with Std‐vol angiograms (41% vs. 14%, P < 0.001). Post‐injection LVEDP increased from baseline after both Std‐vol and Low‐vol injections (P <0.001). In patients for whom both angiograms could be interpreted (n = 58), no differences were noted between planimetered EFs (Low‐vol = 61 ± 20% vs. Std‐vol = 62 ± 20%, with r = 0.87; P < 0.001). A Bland‐Altman test of agreement indicated a mean difference ± 95% CI = −2 ± 19%. Low‐volume ventriculography reduces contrast load and ectopy while providing similar estimates of EF compared with standard volumes. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:314–319. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balloon atrial septostomy in end‐stage pulmonary hypertension guided by a novel intracardiac echocardiographic transducer
Authors: Moscucci Mauro , Dairywala Ismail T. , Chetcuti Stanley , Mathew Biju , Li Peng , Rubenfire Melvyn , Vannan Mani A.
Published: August 2002

Blade and balloon atrial septostomy has been used to reduce cardiopulmonary symptoms and as a bridge to lung or heart lung transplant in primary pulmonary hypertension. Due to severe right atrial dilatation and resultant loss of anatomical landmarks, the procedure is technically difficult, and the reported postprocedure mortality rate varies between 5% and 50%. Among others, marked systemic desaturation and systemic hypotension presumably secondary to an excessively large atrial septal defect have been reported as causes of postprocedure death. We report a case where a novel intracardiac catheter‐based phased‐array 5.5–10 MHz transducer with spectral and color‐flow Doppler capabilities was used to assist a balloon atrial septostomy and to obtain hemodynamic data in a patient with end‐stage pulmonary hypertension. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:530–534. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioptome‐assisted simultaneous delivery of multiple coils for occlusion of the large patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Kumar R. Krishna , Krishnan M.N. , Venugopal K. , Sivakumar Kothandam , Anil Sivadasan Radha
Published: August 2002

We describe a novel method that allows bioptome–assisted delivery of multiple Gianturco coils simultaneously for occlusion of the large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Two or more coils were intertwined at one end and held by a bioptome (5.2 Fr) and pulled into a short introducer. The coils were then deployed in the PDA via a long sheath (7–11 Fr) previously placed across the duct via the femoral vein. Twelve patients (6 months to 64 years; median, 10.5 years) with large PDAs (4.7 ± 1.3 mm; range, 3.1–8.4 mm; PA mean pressure, 40 ± 17 mm Hg; pulse pressure 63 ± 18 mm Hg) underwent bioptome‐assisted occlusion with multiple coils at our institutions. The procedure was uneventful in nine patients (fluoroscopy time, 6–23 min) and prolonged in three patients (fluoroscopy time, 26, 72, and 120 min) because of dislodgment of the coil mass and embolization of an additional coil. Successful coil deployment was feasible in all patients. Three patients required repeat coil deployment for flow elimination (hemolysis occurred in two). Flow elimination was demonstrated on the last follow‐up evaluation in all except two patients. One infant has developed significant left pulmonary artery stenosis. Bioptome‐assisted PDA occlusion using multiple coils delivered simultaneously may be a promising alternative to devices for transcatheter closure of large PDAs. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:95–100. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of repeat transradial access for cardiac catheterization procedures
Authors: Caputo Ronald P. , Simons Alan , Giambartolomei Alessandro , Grant William , Fedele Kathleen , Abraham Sunil , Felice Peter , Reger Mark J. , Walford Gary D. , Esente Paolo
Published: August 2002

To determine the safety and efficacy of repeat transradial cardiac catheterization, 1,362 consecutive transradial procedures were examined. Repeat transradial procedures were identified (group I, n = 73) and compared with index procedures (group II, n = 1,289). Baseline patient characteristics, procedure success rates (100% vs. 97.9%; P = NS), complication rates (0% vs. 0.08%; P = NS), and procedure times (23.9 ± 27.3 min vs. 18.2 ± 14.7 min; P = NS) were similar between groups. This study suggests that repeat transradial catheterization procedures can be performed safely and successfully in appropriately selected patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:188–190. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapy of postoperative stroke: Report of intra‐arterial thrombolysis of a hyperacute embolic stroke 5 days following CABG
Authors: Khasani Sina , Ramee Stephen R. , Felberg Robert A.
Published: August 2002

Intra‐arterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) is an investigational treatment for acute stroke. We report a case of IA thrombolysis of a hyperacute middle cerebral artery stroke 5 days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Despite a serious extracranial bleeding complication (hemothorax), immediate thrombolysis with IA rt‐PA led to near complete resolution of the neurological deficit and a favorable outcome. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:339–341. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined use of retrograde myocardial and distal coronary protection for last vessel intervention in an aortocoronary vein graft
Authors: Denk Stefan , Syeda Bonni , Beran Gilbert , Glogar Dietmar , Siostrzonek Peter
Published: August 2002

Feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of the combined application of the PercuSurge system and the Myoprotect SSR device was demonstrated in a patient with high‐risk anatomy undergoing saphenous vein graft intervention. This combined approach of coronary and myocardial protection may be considered in high‐risk aortocoronary vein graft interventions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:342–345. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A systematic evaluation of the benefits and hazards of variable selection in latent variable regression. Part II. Practical applications
Authors: Baumann K. , von Korff M. , Albert H.
Published: August 2002

Leave‐multiple‐out cross‐validation (LMO‐CV) is compared to leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOO‐CV) as objective function in variable selection for four real data sets. Two data sets stem from NIR spectroscopy and two from quantitative structure–activity relationships. In all four cases, LMO‐CV outperforms LOO‐CV with respect to prediction quality, model complexity (number of latent variables) and model size (number of variables). The number of objects left out in LMO‐CV has an important effect on the final results. It controls both the number of latent variables in the final model and the prediction quality. The results of variable selection need to be validated carefully with a validation step that is independent of the variable selection. This step needs to be done because the internal figures of merit (i.e. anything that is derived from the objective function value) do not correlate well with the external predictivity of the selected models. This is most obvious for LOO‐CV. LOO‐CV without further constraints always shows the best internal figures of merit and the worst prediction quality. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overall view of the use of chiral platinum(II) complexes as chiral derivatizing agents (CDAs) for the enantiodiscrimination of unsaturated compounds by 195Pt NMR
Authors: Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Bernardini Raffaella , Balzano Federica , Salvadori Piero
Published: August 2002

The use of organometallic CDAs based on ethene‐platinum(II) complexes, covalent cis‐ and trans‐dichloro(Am)(ethylene)platinum(II), and ionic [PtCl3(C2H4)]−[AmH]+, containing primary and secondary amines, for the 195Pt NMR enantiodiscrimination of chiral unsaturated compounds is reviewed. Chirality 14:484–489, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatographic enantioseparation by cycloalkylcarbamate derivatives of cellulose and amylose
Authors: Kubota Takateru , Yamamoto Chiyo , Okamoto Yoshio
Published: August 2002

Cyclopentyl and (±)‐exo‐2‐norbornylcarbamates of cellulose and amylose were prepared and their chiral recognition abilities as chiral stationary phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated. Among these carbamates, cellulose tris(cyclopentylcarbamate) and amylose tris((±)‐exo‐2‐norbornylcarbamate) showed particularly high chiral recognition, which is comparable to that of several well‐known phenylcarbamate derivatives. The chiral recognition mechanism of cellulose tris(cyclohexylcarbamate), which was previously found to be an effective chiral stationary phase for HPLC, was investigated using NMR spectroscopy. The derivative dissolved in chloroform exhibited the chiral discrimination of several enantiomers in NMR as well as in HPLC. For example, the 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol enantiomers were distinctly discriminated in the 1H, 13C, and 2D‐NOESY spectra. Chirality 14:372–376, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model‐based predictions of BRCA1/2 mutation status in breast carcinoma patients treated at an academic medical center
Authors: Shannon Kristen M. , Lubratovich Marcie L. , Finkelstein Dianne M. , Smith Barbara L. , Powell Simon N. , Seiden Michael V.
Published: August 2002

BACKGROUND

Women with an existing breast carcinoma diagnosis who are found to carry a BRCA1/2 mutation have a substantial risk of developing both a contralateral breast carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma. In a newly diagnosed breast carcinoma patient, this genetic information may influence the management of her disease. To assess the volume of patients who may need genetic services at the time of diagnosis, the authors determined the proportion of women with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma at the study institution who would be eligible for genetic testing.

METHODS

Fifty consecutive women with new breast carcinoma who were attending a multidisciplinary clinic were interviewed. Detailed, three‐generation pedigrees were collected for each patient by a genetic counselor. Three commonly used probability models were used to calculate each woman's predicted risk of harboring a germline BRCA1/2 mutation.

RESULTS

Eleven of 50 patients (22% [95% confidence interval, 12–36%]) were calculated to have a ≥ 10% probability of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation by at least one mathematic model and should have been offered genetic counseling that included the discussion of genetic testing. There were considerable discrepancies between probability calculations among the three mathematic models. One of the 11 patients who was eligible for genetic testing pursued genetic counseling within 12 months of diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

At a large academic medical center, a substantial proportion of unselected women attending a multidisciplinary clinic were found to have a ≥ 10% risk of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation. The actual number of patients eligible to receive BRCA1/2 genetic testing outweighs the number of patients seen for genetic counseling at the study institution. Finally, limited correlation was found between current predictive models. Cancer 2002;94:305–13. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Results of the Lynn Sage Second‐Opinion Program for local therapy in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Clauson Jennifer , Hsieh Y. C. , Acharya Simbi , Rademaker Alfred W. , Morrow Monica
Published: August 2002

BACKGROUND

The treatment options of breast conservation therapy (BCT) and immediate reconstruction for patients with carcinoma of the breast have not been adopted widely. The objectives of this study were to determine how often a second opinion on the local therapy of breast carcinoma changed patient management and to identify factors predictive of remaining at the second‐opinion site for therapy.

METHODS

Two hundred thirty‐one patients with intraductal carcinoma or Stage I and II breast carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. At the time of the second opinion, patients completed a questionnaire regarding their initial surgical opinion and the reason for seeking consultation.

RESULTS

Only 46% of patients had a complete discussion of treatment options prior to the second opinion. The second opinion changed management in 54 patients (20.3%). The most common finding was eligibility for BCT in patients who were offered only mastectomy. Definitive local therapy occurred at the second‐opinion site in 65.8% of patients. The only predictors of remaining at the second‐opinion site were insurance type (P = 0.008) and the patient's perception that options were not discussed at the initial opinion (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Second opinions provide useful information to patients and may change the management of their disease. They result in significant patient capture for an institution. Cancer 2002;94:889–94. © 2002 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.10318
Influence of delay to diagnosis on prognostic indicators of screen‐detected breast carcinoma
Authors: Olivotto Ivo A. , Gomi Asako , Bancej Christina , Brisson Jacques , Tonita Jon , Kan Lisa , Mah Zeva , Harrison Marion , Shumak Rene
Published: August 2002

BACKGROUND

Although delay to diagnosis after a breast screening abnormality causes anxiety, its effect on prognosis is unknown.

METHODS

Using pooled data from five Canadian organized breast cancer screening programs, the authors used unconditional logistic regression to evaluate the effect of delay to diagnosis on prognostic indicators among 4465 women with invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed in the ipsilateral breast within 3 years of an abnormal screen performed during 1990–1996.

RESULTS

Women with high‐suspicion screens (n = 1569) compared with those without (n = 2896) were more promptly investigated (median days from screen to diagnosis, 31 vs. 47; P ≤ 0.0001), had larger tumors (79.4% vs. 55.9% > 10 mm; P ≤ 0.0001), and were more likely to be lymph node positive (33.9% vs. 17.3%; P ≤ 0.0001). For delays beyond > 12 to ≤ 20 weeks, a linear trend of increased tumor size and lymph node positivity began to emerge. Controlling for suspicion, the authors found that odds ratios for tumor size greater than 10 mm were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.66–1.17), 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.56), 1.5 (95% CI, 1.05–2.16), and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.15–3.86) for delays of > 12 to ≤ 20, > 20 to ≤ 52, > 52 to ≤ 104, and > 104 ≤ 156 weeks, respectively (ptrend ≤ 0.0001), compared with delays of > 4 to ≤ 12 weeks. Similarly, odds ratios for lymph node metastasis were 1.0 (95% CI, 0.67–1.42), 1.2 (95% CI, 0.84–1.69), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.48–3.15), and 3.2 (95% CI, 1.84–5.55) for the same time intervals (ptrend = 0.0033).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors' findings suggest that delays to diagnosis of asymptomatic breast carcinoma of 6 to 12 months are associated with progression of breast carcinoma as measured by increasing risk of lymph node metastases and larger tumor size. A policy of early recall rather than biopsy for low suspicion mammographic abnormalities may introduce delays of this magnitude. The tendency to more expediently investigate women with high‐suspicion, worse prognosis screens (suspicion bias) obscures whether delays shorter than 20 weeks also worsen prognostic indicators. Suspicion bias should be considered when interpreting the effect of delay on prognosis. Cancer 2002;94:2143–50. © 2002 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.10453
Incidence of cancer among patients with knee implants in Sweden, 1980–1994
Authors: Fryzek Jon P. , Ye Weimin , Signorello Lisa B. , Lipworth Loren , Blot William J. , Mclaughlin Joseph K. , Nyren Olof
Published: August 2002

BACKGROUND

As knee implants become more common, it is important to study their potential health risks. We investigated cancer occurrence in a nationwide population‐based cohort of 30,011 patients who underwent knee replacement surgery in Sweden from 1980 to 1994.

METHODS

Patients were followed from 1 year after the date of their surgery through December 31, 1995, accruing 122,616 person‐years of observation. The average follow‐up time was 4.3 years, with 2365 patients followed for 10 years or more.

RESULTS

Overall cancer incidence was not elevated compared with the general population of Sweden (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–1.08). A reduced rate for all respiratory cancers (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.59–0.91) and for lung cancer (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.58–0.91) was found among both men and women. Elevated rates were found for prostate (SIR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.06–1.34) and bone cancer (SIR = 6.00; 95% CI = 1.24–17.52) in men. The bone cancer excess was based on three observed cases, two of which occurred at a site unrelated to the implant and the site of the third tumor is unknown. Rates of connective tissue cancer and leukemia–lymphoma were not elevated significantly among knee implant recipients. Long‐term follow‐up (≥ 10 years) did not show a significant excess risk for all cancer (SIR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.86–1.38) or for any site‐specific cancer, including bone cancer, lymphoma, or leukemia. Subgroup analyses for patients with rheumatoid arthritis produced results similar to the overall results.

CONCLUSIONS

This epidemiologic study of cancer risk among patients with knee implants is the largest to date. It provides evidence that the incidence of cancer among patients with knee implants is similar to that of the general population. Continued follow‐up of this cohort is warranted to evaluate further potential long‐term effects of these implants. Cancer 2002;94:3057–62. © 2002 American Cancer Society.

DOI 10.1002/cncr.10580
Monoaminergic and peptidergic axonal projections to the vagal motor cell column of a teleost, the filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer
Authors: Funakoshi Kengo , Atobe Yoshitoshi , Nakano Masato , Hisajima Tatsuya , Goris Richard C. , Kishida Reiji
Published: August 2002

In an immunohistochemical study, the vagal motor nucleus of a teleost, the filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer, could be divided into a rostral part and a caudal part, and the former into a dorsolateral group and a ventromedial group. The dorsolateral group consisted of neurons immunoreactive for calcitonin gene‐related peptide, whereas the ventrolateral‐caudal group was negative for calcitonin gene‐related peptide. The latter group was retrogradely labeled after dextran amine injection to the visceral ramus of the vagus nerve, suggesting that it is a general visceral efferent column, made up of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, whereas the dorsolateral rostral group is a special visceral efferent column. In the general visceral efferent column, a dense concentration of nerve fibers immunoreactive for serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, cholecystokinin‐8, and substance P, and a small number of fibers immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y was observed. Perikarya in contact with varicose terminals immunoreactive for these substances were frequently seen. In contrast, in the special visceral efferent column, only a moderate concentration of neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive nerve fibers and a sparse distribution of fibers immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase were observed. Perikarya in contact with varicose terminals immunoreactive for these substances were rare. These results suggest that the vagal parasympathetic preganglionic neurons might receive multiple inputs of monoaminergic and peptidergic fibers involved in the regulation of the visceral organs. On the other hand, monoaminergic and peptidergic afferent fibers might be of much less significance in the activity of the special visceral efferent component of the vagus nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:351–365, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injury‐induced apoptosis of neurons in adult brain is mediated by p53‐dependent and p53‐independent pathways and requires bax
Authors: Martin Lee J. , Kaiser Adeel , Yu Jonathan W. , Natale Joanne E. , Al‐Abdulla Nael A.
Published: August 2002

The mechanisms of injury‐induced apoptosis of neurons within the CNS are not understood. We used a model of cortical injury in rat and mouse to induce retrograde neuronal apoptosis in thalamus. In this animal model, unilateral ablation of the occipital cortex causes unequivocal apoptosis of corticopetal projection neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) by 7 days postlesion. We tested the hypothesis that p53 and Bax regulate this retrograde neuronal apoptosis. We found, by using immunocytochemistry, that p53 accumulates in nuclei of neurons destined to undergo apoptosis. By immunoblotting, p53 levels increase (∼150% of control) in nuclear‐enriched fractions of the ipsilateral LGN by 5 days after occipital cortex ablation. p53 is functionally activated in nuclear fractions of the ipsilateral LGN at 5 days postlesion, as shown by DNA binding assay (∼fourfold increase) and by immunodetection of phosphorylated p53. The levels of procaspase‐3 increase at 4 days postlesion, and caspase‐3 is activated prominently at 5 days postlesion. To identify whether neuronal apoptosis in the adult brain is dependent on p53 and Bax, cortical ablations were done on p53 and bax null mice. Neuronal apoptosis in the dorsal LGN is significantly attenuated (∼34%) in p53−/− mice. In lesioned p53+/+ mice, Bax immunostaining is enhanced in the ipsilateral dorsal LGN and Bax immunoreactivity accumulates at perinuclear locations in dorsal LGN neurons. The enhancement and redistribution of Bax immunostaining is attenuated in lesioned p53−/− mice. Neuronal apoptosis in the dorsal LGN is blocked completely in bax−/− mice. We conclude that neuronal apoptosis in the adult thalamus after cortical injury requires Bax and is modulated by p53. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:299–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two phases of increased cell death in the inner retina following early elimination of the ganglion cell population
Authors: Cusato Karen , Stagg Stephanie B. , Reese Benjamin E.
Published: August 2002

Neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina undergo considerable programmed cell death during development, but the determinants of this cell death remain largely unknown. The present study examines the role of retinal ganglion cells in support of INL neurons in the developing ferret retina. The retinal ganglion cell population was eliminated by optic nerve transection at postnatal day (P) 2, and the incidence of cell death was examined using terminal deoxytransferase dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) at various ages during the first 3 postnatal weeks. Significant increases in TUNEL‐positive cells were observed in the neuroblast layer (NBL) as early as P3, prior to synapse formation within the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and again in the INL at P22, the normal peak of naturally occurring cell death within the ferret's INL. A decrease in TUNEL‐positive cells was found in the NBL at P8. These results show three phases of response to the loss of retinal ganglion cells and suggest that cells in the NBL/INL are normally dependent on retinal ganglion cells for their survival. Recent studies have shown that certain populations of retinal neurons are reduced in adult animals that had lost the population of ganglion cells during early development, so the present study also examined when this reduction could first be detected. The number of parvalbumin‐immunoreactive amacrine cells was decreased significantly in the NBL of the manipulated eye as early as P8, when we could first label this population, and this difference persisted through adulthood. The fact that cell death in the NBL has already increased within 24 hours of ganglion cell elimination, coupled with the specificity of this effect on the adult complement of INL cell types, shows that cell–cell interactions controlling survival are already highly specific for particular types of retinal neuron early in development J. Comp. Neurol. 439:440–449, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.