bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
College Advising in the High School: Priority and Problems
Authors: Chapman David W. , De Masi Mary E.
Published: March 2007

One of a counselor's most important tasks is college advising. These writers surveyed counselors to determine how they spend their time and principals to judge counselors' effectiveness.
A Career Ladder for School Counselors
Authors: Sklare Gerald , Alsup Rea
Published: March 2007

These writers propose a five-rung career ladder designed to allow the counselor to assume wider ranging responsibilities and greater financial rewards.
Some Do's and Don'ts for New Principals
Authors: Digeronimo Joe
Published: March 2007

This writer provides a number of suggestions designed to help the rookie principal avoid the pitfalls of the position and get off to a solid beginning as the building administrator.
Classroom Instruction and Tests
Authors: Rudman Herbert.D
Published: March 2007

Have teachers cheated themselves of useful information pro vided by standardized achievement tests? This question is the basis for the author's discussion in this article that concludes: With test data teachers can gain insights into instructional prob lems more effectively.
Using Teacher-Made Measurement Devices
Authors: Lehmann Irvin J. , Mehrens William A.
Published: March 2007

These writers take a broad view of how locally developed as sessment tools can be used for a variety of instructional and administrative decisions.
Curricular Leadership at The State Level: What Is The New Focus?
Authors: Kirst Michael W.
Published: March 2007

State curriculum policy has become part of state economic de velopment strategy in today's world, where state leaders per ceive a direct link between the changing job structure and the school curriculum.
Teacher Self-Evaluation and Principal Supervision
Authors: Freiberg H. Jerome
Published: March 2007

The teacher self-assessment procedures described here should go a long way toward making the principal's supervisory role a more rewarding and fulfilling experience. The writer's system allows teachers to use a six-item instrument to do a thorough analysis of teaching behaviors.
Clinical Supervision: Training That Works
Authors: Freer Mark L.
Published: March 2007

Teachers simply do not see themselves as profiting from instructional improvement dicta, says this writer, who offers a supervision model that is nonthreatening and collegial.
How To Survive the Paper Screening in a Job Search
Authors: Viering Dick
Published: March 2007

Candidates with excellent potential do not reach the interview stage in a job search for reasons that seldom have to do with "politics." In most cases, failure to be interviewed can be directly traced to the poor materials submitted for the initial screening.
Achieving Success in Administration—Learning from Experience
Authors: Troisi Nicholas F. , Kidd David J.
Published: March 2007

The guidelines presented here are the result of the authors' experi ences, analyses, and reflections after many years of experience in the public school and college sector. They are meant to enhance formal studies at the graduate level or internship expe riences under the guidance of a respected practitioner.
The Skills of Exemplary Principals
Authors: Walker John E.
Published: March 2007

What does it take to be an exem plary principal? Twelve specific skills—as identified by NASSP's Assessment Center project—are essential, according to this writer, who provides examples gathered from shadow studies of three out standing principals.
Ducational Choice and Vouchers—Where do You Stand?
Authors: Boschee Floyd , Hunt Madgie M.
Published: March 2007

the advocates and opponents of the voucher/choice concept are adamant about their views on the subject. Where do you stand? the authors offer a questionnaire that allows readers to examine their own views about vouchers and choice.
Assessing and Improving your Listening Skills
Authors: Beale Andrew V.
Published: March 2007

Beginning with caring about what the other person has to say and continuing through giving feed back to the speaker, school administrators can become more effective listeners.
Producing Pain
Authors: Downey Greg
Published: March 2007

Starting in 1993, the Ultimate Fighting Championship broadcast ‘no-holds-barred’ fights, pitting athletes trained in a variety of combat sports against each other. While critics were scandalized by the permissiveness of these contests, aficionados were stunned by the effectiveness of relatively non-violent fighting techniques. The matches revealed how resilient a trained fighter’s body might become. Fighters had to adapt to several waves of changes in fighting strategies and to strategic revisions of match regulations intended to make them more obviously violent. Seemingly minor changes in the tools available to contestants - ‘mundane technology’ such as the structure of the fighting space, standardized clothing and lightweight gloves - shifted radically how contestants’ bodies could be used. In addition, fighters modified their own bodies to make them better suited for the activity, for example, altering perceptions of pain. Ironically, the mass-mediated presentation of deregulated fighting revealed that, instead of being humanity’s natural state, it was technically demanding, dependent upon substantial enculturation of athletes’ bodies, and far from instinctual.
The Land as Palimpsest
Authors: Corboz André
Published: March 2007

The land has come Into its own. At last it has become the focus of great national problems which until now were evoked most frequently with regard to and for the benefit of cities, or even of metropolitan areas. Its very representation, until very recent ages held to be terribly abstract and reserved to technicians, today belongs to the public domain. Exhibitions bearing titles such as Maps and Illustrations of the Earth (Paris, 1980) or Landscape: Image and Reality (Bologna, 1981) attract as many visitors as an Impressionist retrospective, not only because of the novelty of the theme, the rarity of certain documents or the beauty of most of them, as proven by the success of even more specialized events such as those dedicated to the 1730 Sardinian cadastre in Savoy or to the one of Maria-Theresa in Lombardy (Chambéry and Pavia, 1980).
A Quest for Universalism
Authors: Chernilo Daniel
Published: March 2007

This article re-assesses classical social theory's relationship with cosmopolitanism. It begins by briefly reconstructing the universalistic thrust that is core to cosmopolitanism and then argues that the rise of classical social theory is marked by the tension of how to retain, but in a renovated form, cosmopolitanism's original universalism. On the one hand, as the heir of the tradition of the Enlightenment, classical social theory remains fully committed to cosmopolitanism's universalism. On the other, however, it needed to rejuvenate that commitment to universalism so that it could work without the normative burden that its traditional natural law elements now represented in the modern context. The article then argues that, in the cases of Karl Marx, Georg Simmel, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, they all started to differentiate the claim to universalism into three different realms: (1) the normative idea of a single modern society that encompasses the whole of humanity; (2) the conceptual definition of what the social element in modern social relations is; and (3) the methodological justification of how to generate adequate empirical knowledge. The conclusion is that, despite differences and shortcomings, it is precisely this claim to universalism that makes classical social theory classical.
‘Political’ Cosmopolitanism and Judgment
Authors: Ferrara Alessandro
Published: March 2007

This article addresses the issue of future cosmopolitanism, building on a minimal reconstruction of what cosmopolitanism has been in the past. It will elucidate the notion of ‘political’ cosmopolitanism in its relation to a certain methodological option which is designated by the shorthand term ‘judgment’. Cosmopolitanism is not a new idea but a new version of it is constituted by ‘political’ cosmopolitanism, bound up with a judgmentbased, as opposed to principle-based, understanding of normativity.
Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Beck Ulrich , Grande Edgar
Published: March 2007

If Europe wants to overcome its current crisis, it urgently needs to develop a new political vision and a new concept for political integration. By focusing on the idea of a cosmopolitan Europe, this article outlines such a political vision for Europe. To this end, it first suggests reformulating the concept of cosmopolitanism in such a way that it is not tied to the ‘cosmos’ or the ‘globe’. With the aid of such a generalized concept of cosmopolitanism it then presents a novel, cosmopolitan approach to European integration that is no longer concerned with harmonizing rules and eliminating (national) differences, but with recognizing them. Finally, it outlines a new, post-national model of democracy for Europe that no longer disenfranchises citizens and instead gives them an active role in European decision-making processes.
The Cosmopolitan Language of the State
Authors: Carvalhais Isabel Estrada
Published: March 2007

This article looks at the cosmopolitan potential of post-national citizenship working at the state level. The article stresses the idea of post-national citizenship as capable of translating cosmopolitan language into one that can be developed within the state-society relationship. To this end, four questions designed to clarify this relationship are raised.
Day care for persons with dementia
Authors: Måvall Lena , Malmberg Bo
Published: March 2007

Day care, as a type of care in between residential care and home help, has been available for several years, and is often referred to as an adequate alternative form of care for people with dementia. The goals of Swedish day care are to create a meaningful day for participants, offer family caregivers respite, and provide care for persons with dementia. The aim of this Swedish study was to describe day care clients with dementia problems over a 12-month period, and to discuss what distinguished those who discontinued day care from those who stayed with it. Of the clients, 76 percent were diagnosed by a doctor as having dementia between level one and four out of a total of six levels, according to the Berger rating scale of severity of senility. The results showed that one third of the people with dementia discontinued within four months. Another third dropped out within 12 months. People with behavioral problems and those who needed assistance with dressing and toileting discontinued earliest. All caregivers found some benefit of day care for their relatives and for themselves, with the exception of some caregivers of those who ended within four months. Most of the clients who lived alone at the start of day care, and ended within 12 months, went to a nursing home. Two differing conclusions may be drawn from the findings: (1) that offering day care services to persons with dementia who also show signs of behavioral problems is questionable; or (2) that the planning of day care in Sweden should be adjusted to also meet the needs of persons with behavioral problems, such as depression. In its current form, day care in Sweden seems only partially to fulfil its goals.
The subjective experience of individuals with Down syndrome living with dementia
Authors: Lloyd Vicki , Kalsy Sunny , Gatherer Amanda
Published: March 2007

An increasing number of studies have begun to explore the subjective experience of individuals with dementia. However, despite the increased prevalence of dementia in individuals with Down syndrome, no such published research has been undertaken within this population. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives and subjective experiences of six individuals with Down syndrome and dementia. Semi-structured interview accounts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, in order to gain a level of understanding concerning the impact of dementia upon respondents’ lives and sense of self. Five main themes emerged: (1) Self-image, (2) The Relational Self, (3) Making Sense of Decline,(4) Coping Strategies and (5) Emotional Experience. Whilst the process of adjusting to dementia appeared comparable to the general population, the content of this was influenced by multiple levels of context specific to having a concomitant intellectual disability.
Measuring family perceived involvement in individualized long-term care
Authors: Reid R. Colin , Chappell Neena L. , Gish Jessica A.
Published: March 2007

Although family involvement is considered an important aspect of care for residents with dementia in long-term care facilities, measurement is lacking. The purpose of this study is to present a multi-item reliable measurement instrument assessing family perceived involvement. Literature reviews, observations within facilities, iterative consultations with an expert panel and extensive pilot testing of items for family perceived involvement were undertaken, to establish face and content validity. Two scales were developed: family perceived involvement and family assessment of importance of their involvement in individualized care for their resident relative. Strong evidence of face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were established for both scales. Short versions of the original scales were derived via factor analysis. These instruments provide researchers and facilities with the ability to measure both degree of family perceived involvement and the importance the family places on that involvement using a relatively brief set of statements.
Health care decision-making of persons with dementia
Authors: Horton-Deutsch Sara , Twigg Prudence , Evans Rebecca
Published: March 2007

This descriptive study examined the health care decision-making (HCDM) process of 20 community-dwelling care receivers (CR) with mild to moderate dementia and their family caregivers (CG). We conducted semi-structured interviews with the CR, focusing on their HCDM experiences. Additional data were obtained from the quantitative portion of the larger study. Major factors in the HCDM of the CRs were: symptoms, resources, function, trust in the health care system, and reliance on family. Poor congruence between CR and CG choices on treatment was analyzed in light of the qualitative findings. We found that older adults with mild to moderate dementia can participate in the HCDM process, make choices, and provide reasonable explanations for their choices. We concluded that disagreement on treatment choices in family dyads may be more fully explained by using a human needs-based model, as opposed to attributing care receivers’ choices to cognitive status alone.
Personhood in dementia care
Authors: O’Connor Deborah , Phinney Alison , Smith Andre , Small Jeff , Purves Barbara , Perry Joann , Drance Elisabeth , Donnelly Martha , Chaudhury Habib , Beattie Lynn
Published: March 2007

Dementia has been understood primarily as a biomedical phenomenon with a trajectory of irrevocable decline related to neurodegenerative changes. However, growing evidence suggests that the performance and behaviour of persons with dementia are not exclusively determined by neuropathology but are also influenced by personal histories, social interactions and social contexts. This evidence shifts attention from the disease process to the need for a more in-depth understanding of the place of personhood in dementia care. Despite its intuitive appeal however, there is limited empirical research grounding this approach to care. This article articulates a framework for organizing research in this area that is based on a critical review and synthesis of research. It encompasses three interrelated and intersecting domains of inquiry: the subjective experience of the person with dementia, the immediate interactional environment and the broader socio-cultural context. Each domain encapsulates a unique but interrelated dimension of a person-centred approach to dementia care.
Twins and Their Health Cost: Consequences of Multiple Births on Parental Health and Mortality in Denmark and England and Wales
Authors: Tomassini Cecilia , Grundy Emily , Skytthe Axel , Christensen Kaare
Published: March 2007

The rapid increase in twinning rates in developed countries has increased interest in the question as to whether twin mothers have higher mortality and more health problems than mothers of singletons. Here we use a national survey, the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study of England & Wales, and a linkage between the Danish Twin Registry and the Danish population register to examine mortality patterns after age 45 (50 for fathers) for twin parents and the whole population born from 1911 to 1950. For England and Wales, presence of limiting long-term illnesses and self-rated health status was also investigated. Overall similar health and mortality was found for twin parents and the whole population although both life table methods and survival analysis suggested a slight excess mortality among older cohorts of twin mothers in England and Wales.
De iusto Job quando venerunt tres amici eius ut viderent eum (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Holkham 24 [olim 90], 173v-175r)
Authors: Dochhorn Jan
Published: March 2007

The article contains the first edition of a short version of the 4th ps.-chrysostomic homily (PG 56, 576-582). Often the excerptor shortens the text that can be found in PG, but sometimes even additions or slight modifications can be observed due to a today unknown longer version of this homily or to the re-thinking of the excerptor himself.
Fragen zu H.G. Thümmels Synthese „Die Konzilien des byzantinischen Bilderstreits“
Authors: Ritter Adolf Martin
Published: March 2007

The article refers to H.G. Thümmels interpretation of the struggle about iconoclasm. Ritter raises several questions, e.g. if the councils of that period are indeed controlled mainly by the emperor and politics, if the level of theological argumentation is indeed quite modest etc. Ritter hints even to the fact that the arguments put forward by H. Ohme should reconsidered by Thümmel.
Zur Bedeutung der Targume bei der Herausbildung des MONAXOΣ-Konzeptes in den Nag Hammadi-Texten
Authors: Bumazhnov Dmitrij
Published: March 2007

Generally the scholarly consensus lead the greek term μovαχóς (monk) back to the syriac word îḥîdāyā. Evidences from the targumim, however, make it possible to assume that μovαχóς on its early stages of development which are partly available to us through the Nag Hammadi writings Gospel of Thomas and Dialogue of the Savior might have been influenced by the concept of the Aramaic yəḥyd'a.
A Note on the Term Homoioousios
Authors: Barnes Timothy
Published: March 2007

Der Artikel analysiert die Quellen für die Annahme einer homöusianischen Partei im Trinitarischen Streit des 4. Jahrhunderts. Hierfür ist besonders zu beachten, daß das Wort

(mit doppeltem Omikron, parallel zu einer lateinischen Umschreibung homoeousios) erst im Sommer 358 erfunden wurde (nicht schon 355 oder 356), nur wenige Jahre lang benutzt wurde, bevor es sehr bald verschwand. Dies läßt sich anhand von Hilarius und Marius Victorinus erkennen, besonders aber am kompletten Fehlen des Wortes bei den Kappadokiern. Anderslautende Nachrichten in der Kirchengeschichte des Sozomenus sind hingegen nicht vertrauenswürdig.
Critical Literacy among the Working Poor: Individualism and Pseudostructural Interpretive Narratives of Health Inequalities
Authors: Storrs Debbie
Published: March 2007

Critical literacy is akin to a sociological imagination as it involves the ability to distinguish between private troubles and public issues and the competency to use such distinctions to facilitate and engage in social change. This article is a case study of low-income rural Whites' personal interpretations of health and income inequalities with a concern for understanding the potential effectiveness of a community action program (CAP) designed to enhance their critical literacy. Findings reveal that low-income rural Whites predominantly use ideologies of individualism to interpret the inequalities experienced by others, they employ a pseudostructural level analysis tempered by individualism to interpret their experience of health and income inequalities, and they respond collectively along racial and national lines when considering overall inequalities. Based on these findings, I provide suggestions on how CAPs can more effectively elevate the critical literacy of low-income rural Whites.
Classification of Larval and Adult Delta Smelt to Nursery Areas by Use of Trace Elemental Fingerprinting
Authors: Hobbs James A. , Bennett William A. , Burton Jessica , Gras Michelle
Published: March 2007

Different environmental conditions among habitats may generate unique elemental patterns within fish otoliths that can be used to trace the life history as well as the potential natal origin of migratory species. We investigated the use of trace elements in otoliths as natural tags for determining the natal origins of larval and adult delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus within a single estuary. Larval fish were collected at potential natal sites within the San Francisco Bay Estuary—the North, Central, South, and West Delta areas, Suisun Bay, and Napa River—during May–June 1999; adults were collected in November 1999 throughout Suisun Bay. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we assayed trace elements from core (natal) regions of the otolith (Sr:Ca, Mg:Ca, and Ba:Ca ratios). Linear discriminant function analysis (LDFA) was 90.9–100% successful at classifying larval fish to their natal habitats (Napa River, Sacramento River, and Delta). Adults of unknown natal origin were assigned to their natal regions using the larval fingerprints from LDFA and a maximum likelihood mixed‐stock approach. For the 1999 year‐class, we determined that a majority of the population originated from the Delta (77–79%) and a small but significant proportion of the population originated from the Napa River (16–18%) and Suisun Bay (4–8%). These data highlight the value of trace elements as natural tags for determining the natal origins of young fish and the relative contribution of different habitats to the adult population within a single estuary.
Undrained monotonic response of clean and silty sands
Authors: Murthy T. G. , Loukidis D. , Carraro J. A. H. , Prezzi M. , Salgado R.
Published: March 2007

A series of undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests were performed on Ottawa sand containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of non-plastic silt. The paper focuses on distinctive states of the monotonic undrained response of sands, namely the critical state, the phase transformation state, the quasi-steady state, and the state of undrained instability (onset of flow liquefaction). Specimens were prepared using slurry deposition and moist tamping to investigate the effect of the initial sand fabric on these states. It was observed that an increase in the non-plastic fines content leads to a downward shift of the critical-state line in the void ratio–mean effective stress space and to an increase of the critical-state friction angle. The present data suggest that the initial fabric of the sand appears to have a significant effect on the undrained behaviour in the early stages of shearing, with its influence vanishing at large strains. Moist-tamped specimens demonstrate considerably larger undrained instability state strength than their slurry-deposited counterparts, and a unique critical state locus is reached by both moist-tamped and slurry-deposited specimens. A mathematical formula that allows the estimation of the mean effective stress at the phase transformation state based on the initial mean effective stress and void ratio is also proposed.
Predicting footfall-induced vibration: Part 1
Authors: Willford M. , Young P. , Field C.
Published: March 2007

The current paper reviews different methods that are presently available for the prediction of footfall-induced vibration in structures. Five such methods are considered in detail and it will be shown that these vary considerably in formulation, applicability and predicted response. Where possible, the theoretical basis, complexity, robustness, rigour, reliability and limitations of each are considered. This paper is presented in two parts. Part 1 deals with bridges and floors having vertical natural frequencies below 10 Hz, part 2 deals with floors whose first vertical natural frequency is over 10 Hz.
Comparing Gang and Individual Rapes in a Community Sample of Urban Women
Authors: Ullman Sarah E.
Published: March 2007

Little research has compared victims of gang and individual rapes, with only a few studies of college and police samples. This study compared gang (e.g., multiple offender) and individual (e.g., single offender) rapes in a large, diverse sample of female victims from the community. Comparisons of trauma histories (e.g., child sexual abuse), assault characteristics (e.g., offender violence) and outcomes (sexual acts, physical injuries), and current functioning (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, lifetime suicide attempts) showed that gang rape victims were worse off overall compared with victims of single offenders. In terms of help seeking, there were few differences in informal support seeking, but gang rape victims perceived their social networks more negatively. Gang rape victims reported to police, medical, and mental health sources more often than single-offender victims and received more negative social reactions from those they told about their assaults. Suggestions for future research and intervention with gang rape victims are provided.
Advances in Wearable Multifunctional Devices Based on Human‐Body Energy Harvesting
Authors: Chu Huaqing , Xue Jiangtao , Luo Dan , Zheng Hui , Li Zhou
Published: March 2024

Wearable electronics with multi‐functionalities are widely utilized in various domains, including everyday living, healthcare, military training, and sports. Advances in flexible electronic technology, new materials, artificial intelligence technology, and sensor technology have accelerated the rapid development of smart wearable devices toward multifunctional and highly integrated trends. The energy supply technology based on the human‐body energy harvesting method endows wearable, multifunctional electronic devices with sustainable, renewable, and self‐powered characteristics, which proposes a solution strategy for the function expansion and energy supply of wearable devices. Herein, this paper discusses recent research on various methods of harvesting human body energy and wearing parts respectively, focusing on the new materials, structures, and processes involved in the representative studies, as well as the impact on energy harvesting and output, and functional applications. Furthermore, the challenges and obstacles faced in the creation of wearable multifunctional devices based on human self‐sufficiency and propose solution strategies to propel them in order to advance the creation of the next wave of intelligent wearable technology are also discussed.
Machine Learning Guided Strategies to Develop High Efficiency Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mishra Snehangshu , Gaikwad Sangratna Baburao , Singh Trilok
Published: March 2024

Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells (IPSCs) have recently gathered massive research attention, driven by their promising role in powering the continuously expanding Internet of Things (IoT) devices and simultaneous advancements in the Perovskite solar field. To further accelerate the development of IPSCs, a machine learning (ML) approach to assist the advancement of IPSCs is proposed in the current study. Here, a ML model to predict the most important performance parameters such as short circuit current (JSC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of IPSCs under various light sources and intensities is presented. This developed model can effectively predict the performances of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) operated under indoor illumination close to the true/experimental values. The factors affecting the IPSC performance by Correlation matrix and SHAPley analysis are also analyzed. These findings demonstrate that the proposed ML model provides accurate predictions of VOC, JSC, FF, and PCE of IPSCs, ultimately contributing to the optimization of solar cell performance under indoor environments and the advancement of renewable energy technology.
Dielectric elastomers with large actuation strain and high output force
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Li , Yang Bo , Xie Ya‐Kun , Zhao Yu , Feng Qi‐Yao , Yin Li‐Juan , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: March 2024

Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is considered as an ideal artificial muscle with soft and light in nature, widespread application in soft robotics and sensors. Dielectric elastomer (DE), the core component of DEA, with high output force and large actuation strain under relatively low driving electric field is critical for high‐performance DEA. However, the widely used VHB series (3M) DE suffered from very large pre‐strain and high driving voltage to get their high actuation performance, limiting their scope of application. In this work, the DEs with good mechanical and dielectric properties were prepared via UV curing method consisting of acrylic acid (AA) with strong polar groups as functional monomer, n‐butyl acrylate (BA) as soft monomer and urethane acrylate as cross‐linker (c‐p(BA‐AA)). The c‐p(BA‐AA) DE films obtained the simultaneous increasing of dielectric constant and breakdown strength with the increasing content of AA, which guaranteed the good actuation performance. The c‐p(BA‐AA) film exhibited excellent actuating performance (44.11% actuation strain at 45 kV/mm) without pre‐strain. Besides, a simple linear actuator based on the c‐p(BA‐AA) film could easily output weight that is tens of times of its own active weight (654.1 mN/g at 30 kV/mm).
Disclosing the dependencies of ferroelectric and piezoelectric performances on crystalline states of P(VDF‐TrFE) films by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Shi Jinxiang , Xia Weimin , Wang Xusheng , Wang Jiahao , Yang Zi , Wang Yinghui
Published: March 2024

We present a molecular dynamics simulation method including x‐ray diffractometer pattern calculation, mean square displacement (MSD), and nonbonding energy distribution (NED) to disclose the dependencies of condensed structure on its crystalline process of the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) films. For comparison, the P(VDF‐TrFE) solution is casted into the films, and followed that different thermal processes are performed to fabricate the crystalline states of the films. Simulation and experimental results have good consistency, indicating that high temperature annealing can effectively promote all‐trans β phase in the crystal region of P(VDF‐TrFE). As such, P(VDF‐TrFE) 80/20 mol% annealing at 140°C shows a higher MSD (~27.5 Å2) and a faster reducing rate of NED than that of other films, contributing to a large maximum polarization (Ps) of ~15.5 μC cm−2, high a remnant polarization (Pr) of ~11.8 μC cm−2, and an attractive piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33) of −27.1 pC N−1 under 200 MV m−1, respectively, and providing a reference for the applications of P(VDF‐TrFE) in flexible sensors, actuators, transducers, and so forth.
The (o‐p‐o)‐Terphenyl Embedded Calix[2]phyrin(2.2.1.1.1) and Its Cu(II) Complex
Authors: Pradhan Sourav Ranjan , Prasad Chetan Kumar , Das Mainak , Srinivasan A.
Published: March 2024

The introduction of a higher arene unit as a structural motif is unprecedented in calixphyrin chemistry. Herein, the syntheses, spectral and structural characterization of heretofore anonymous terphenylene unit (o‐p‐o) incorporated calixphyrin with fused sp2 meso carbons is reported. The explicitly tailored macrocyclic core is utilized to stabilize the Cu(II) metal ion. The molecular structures of the calixbenziphyrin and Cu(II) complex are unambiguously confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Moreover, theoretical supports uphold experimental conclusions.
Clinicopathological features of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma with T‐follicular helper phenotype
Authors: Muto Reiji , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Nakashima Kazutaka , Takeuchi Mai , Hamasaki Makoto , Ohshima Koichi
Published: March 2024

Aims

T‐follicular helper (TFH) cells are effector T‐cells that are crucial for B‐cell selection and differentiation. T‐cell lymphomas derived from TFH cells have distinct characteristics. Additionally, in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification 5th edition, three lymphomas were introduced as independent disease entities with TFH cell origin. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) with a TFH phenotype (TFHP).

Methods and Results

We performed TFH immunohistochemistry analysis of five biomarkers for the biopsy specimen, with TFHP being indicated by a positive result for more than two markers. Among 75 cases of ATLL, 37.3% of them showed TFHP. Compared with cases of ATLL without TFHP, cases of ATLL with TFHP showed higher C‐reactive protein levels (p = 0.0219) and increased high endothelial venule proliferation (p = 0.024). However, there were no significant between‐group differences in overall survival as well as other clinical and morphological findings. Furthermore, there was no significant between‐group difference in TFH markers and FOXP3 expression.

Conclusion

Some patients with ATLL may present a TFHP, which should not preclude the diagnosis of ATLL. Although presenting a TFHP does not affect prognosis, it is important to identify cases of ATLL with a TFHP since it may inform future treatment strategies.
A nomogram prediction model of pseudomyxoma peritonei established based on new prognostic factors of HE stained pathological images analysis
Authors: Ma Ru , Su Yan‐Dong , Yan Feng‐Cai , Lin Yu‐Lin , Gao Ying , Li Yan
Published: March 2024

Background

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical malignant syndrome, and its rarity causes a lack of pathology research. This study aims to quantitatively analyze HE‐stained pathological images (PIs), and develop a new predictive model integrating digital pathological parameters with clinical information.

Methods

Ninety‐two PMP patients with complete clinic‐pathological information, were included. QuPath was used for PIs quantitative feature analysis at tissue‐, cell‐, and nucleus‐level. The correlations between overall survival (OS) and general clinicopathological characteristics, and PIs features were analyzed. A nomogram was established based on independent prognostic factors and evaluated.

Results

Among the 92 PMP patients, there were 34 (37.0%) females and 58 (63.0%) males, with a median age of 57 (range: 31–76). A total of 449 HE stained images were obtained for QuPath analysis, which extracted 40 pathological parameters at three levels. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed eight clinicopathological characteristics and 20 PIs features significantly associated with OS (p < 0.05). Partial least squares regression was used to screen the multicollinearity features and synthesize four new features. Multivariate survival analysis identified the following five independent prognostic factors: preoperative CA199, completeness of cytoreduction, histopathological type, component one at tissue‐level, and tumor nuclei circularity variance. A nomogram was established with internal validation C‐index 0.795 and calibration plots indicating improved prediction performance.

Conclusions

The quantitative analysis of HE‐stained PIs could extract the new prognostic information on PMP. A nomogram established by five independent prognosticators is the first model integrating digital pathological information with clinical data for improved clinical outcome prediction.
Increasing Activity of Trimetallic Oxygen Reduction PtNiMo/C Catalysts Through Initial Conditioning
Authors: Danisman Bilal , Zhang Gui‐Rong , Baumunk Adrian F. , Yang Juntao , Brummel Olaf , Darge Philipp , Dworschak Dominik , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Libuda Jörg , Zhou Xin , Wu Mingjian , Spiecker Erdmann , Ledendecker Marc , Etzold Bastian J. M.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the importance of preconditioning in Pt‐alloy catalysts for oxygen–reduction reactions. Previous research indicated that slower scanning rates during preconditioning initially boost activity, but this is followed by a rapid decline. The study reveals the required number of cycles to achieve the first constant steady state activity in PtNiMo/C catalysts when using slower scanning rates during preconditioning. It also highlights the resulting activity differences. Remarkably, a catalyst preconditioned with 150 slow cycles showed an activity of approximately 1.25 mA cm−2 at 0.90 VRHE, significantly higher than one preconditioned at a fast rate (0.82 mA cm−2). Both ex–situ and in–situ analyses revealed that Pt, along with Ni, was leached during pretreatment. At slower scan rates of 20 mV s−1, the dissolved Pt redeposited as highly active, small‐sized clusters or single atoms. Fast scan rates of of 500 mV s−1, in contrast, resulted in fewer such clusters. Accelerated stress tests up to 1.10 VRHE confirmed the high stability of these clusters, demonstrating a substantial activity increase even after 24,000 cycles.
Fingerprints of Chalcogen Bonding Revealed Through 77Se‐NMR
Authors: Fellowes Thomas , Sani Marc A. , White Jonathan M.
Published: March 2024

77Se‐NMR is used to characterise several chalcogen bonded complexes of derivatives of the organoselenium drug ebselen, exploring a range of electron demand. NMR titration experiments support the intuitive understanding that chalcogen bond donors bearing more electron withdrawing substituents give rise stronger chalcogen bonds. The chemical shift of the selenium nucleus is also shown to move upfield as it participates in a chalcogen bond. Solid‐state NMR is used to explore chalcogen bonding in co‐crystals. Due to the lack of molecular reorientation on the NMR timescale in the solid state, the shape of the chemical shift tensor can be determined using this technique. A range of co‐crystals are shown to have extremely large chemical shift anisotropy, which suggests a strongly anisotropic electron density distribution around the selenium atom. A single crystal NMR experiment was conducted using one of the co‐crystals, affording the absolute orientation of the chemical shift tensor within the crystal. This showed that the selenium nucleus is strongly shielded in the direction of the chalcogen bond (due to the approach of the lone pair of the Lewis base), and strongly deshielded in the perpendicular direction. The orientation of the deshielded axis is consistent with the presence of a second σ‐hole which is not participating in a chalcogen bond, showing the profound effect of electron density anisotropy on the chemical shift.
The rise of biliary tract cancers and next‐generation population registries
Authors: Cheung Dillon , Stucky Chee‐Chee , Fong Zhi Ven
Published: March 2024

The incidence of biliary tract cancer in Ontario, Canada, is rising, highlighting the urgency of clinical trial enrollment to move the needle in cancer‐specific outcomes. The integration of natural language processing and population registries demonstrate the immense potential of future generation registries in allowing us to more accurately discern population‐level data.
Superiority of anthracycline‐free treatment in standard‐risk acute promyelocytic leukemia: A systematic review and comparative epidemiological analysis
Authors: Langdon Kane , Cosentino Stevie , Wawryk Olivia
Published: March 2024

Background

Recent advances in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) have seen unprecedented improvements in patient outcomes. However, such rapid growth in understanding often leads to uncertainty regarding superiority among candidate treatment regimens, especially when further scrutinized from an epidemiological perspective.

Aims

The aim of this systematic review with epidemiological analysis was to identify and compare commonly utilized protocols for standard‐risk APML with a particular focus on complete remission (CR), overall/disease‐free survival (DFS), and reported adverse events.

Methods and Results

Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL were interrogated to identify studies utilizing all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in addition to arsenic trioxide (ATO) and/or anthracyclines such as idarubicin (IDA) in the treatment of de‐novo APML. After collation of studies, an epidemiological analysis was subsequently performed to compare protocols with regards to outcomes of interest using number needed to benefit (NNB) and number needed to harm (NNH) measures.

Seventeen articles, describing 12 distinct trials, were included in the analysis. These trials made use of three unique protocols; CR rates were 94%–100% for ATO/ATRA regimens, 95%–96% for ATO/ATRA/anthracycline regimens, and 89%–94% for ATRA/anthracycline regimens. Epidemiological analysis demonstrated NNB for CR was 9.09 (ATO/ATRA vs. ATRA/IDA) and 20.00 (ATO/ATRA vs. ATO/ATRA/IDA), NNH for neutropenia was −3.45 (ATO/ATRA vs. ATRA/IDA), and NNH for infection was −3.13 (ATO/ATRA vs. ATRA/IDA) and −1.89 (ATO/ATRA vs. ATO/ATRA/IDA).

Conclusion

The ATO/ATRA regimen is superior to chemotherapy‐containing protocols at inducing remission and promoting survival in patients with APML. The regimen is better tolerated than the proposed alternatives with fewer adverse events. Future research opportunities include quantifying APML epidemiology and pursuing oral arsenic as an option for simplification of therapeutic protocols.
In Search of Visible Light Activatable Photocages: Structure‐Activity Relationship Study on C‐8 Substituted Indene‐Fused‐Coumarinyl Photoremovable Protecting Groups
Authors: Zhou Jiansong , Zhang Haoran , Shi Xingzi , Liu Wei , Liang Li , Xia Shuang , Yan Jun , Sun Xiaohua
Published: March 2024

A series of C‐8 substituted indeno[1,2‐g]coumarin‐based photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) were synthesized. para‐Substituted benzoic acids were employed as leaving groups to evaluate their photolytic efficiency. Substitution of phenyl groups was proved to have negative impacts on photochemical properties of the PPGs, including but not limited to: retarded photolysis course, decreased uncaging quantum yield, and unsatisfactory cargo release yield. Electron‐donating diethylamino substituted PPG 3 d, a structural analogue of the widely used 7‐diethylaminocoumarin PPG (DEACM), exhibited red‐shifted absorption maximum and improved optical properties. Photochemical characterization revealed that PPG 3 d not only showed comparable photolytic efficiency to DEACM at 365 nm and 405 nm, but also demonstrated superior sensitivity towards 465 nm wavelength, to which DEACM is unable to absorb and therefore, non‐responsive. The >450 nm photosensitivity makes 3 d a complement to DEACM for long wavelength excitation and a promising PPG for biological applications.
The Use of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) in Multi‐Component Hantzsch Dihydropyridine Synthesis
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Queneau Yves , Popowycz Florence
Published: March 2024

The renewable 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) has gained a wide interest from the chemistry community as a valuable biobased platform opening the way to many applications. Despite an impressive number of publications reporting either its preparation or its functionalization, its direct use in fine chemistry, and especially in multi‐component reaction (MCR), is less reported. Here, we report a complete study of the use of 5‐HMF in the Hantzsch dihydropyridines synthesis. The strategy was applied to a scope of β‐dicarbonyl molecules (including β‐ketoesters and 1,3‐diketones) in a 3‐component procedure leading to a series of symmetrical 1,4‐dihydropyridines derived from 5‐HMF in excellent yields. The study was extended to the 4‐component protocol using one equivalent of a β‐ketoester and one equivalent of 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione (dimedone), which efficiently provided the corresponding unsymmetrical dihydropyridines.
Acid‐Catalyzed Activation and Condensation of the =C5H Bond of Furfural on Aldehydes, an Entry Point to Biobased Monomers
Authors: Behloul Sarah , Gayraud Oscar , Frapper Gilles , Guégan Frédéric , Upitak Kanokon , Thomas Christophe M. , Yan Z. , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Jérôme François
Published: March 2024

Furfural is an industrially relevant biobased chemical platform. Unlike classical furan, or C‐alkylated furans, which have been previously described in the current literature, the =C5H bond of furfural is unreactive. As a result, on a large scale, C=C and C=O bond hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis is mainly performed, with furfuryl alcohol and methyl tetrahydrofuran being the two main downstream chemicals. Here, we show that the derivatization of the ‐CHO group of furfural restores the reactivity of its =C5H bond, thus permitting its double condensation on various alkyl aldehydes. Overcoming the recalcitrance of the =C5H bond of furfural has opened an access to a biobased monomer, whose potential have been investigated in the fabrication of renewably‐sourced poly(silylether). By means of a combined theoretical‐experimental study, a reactivity scale for furfural and its protected derivatives against carbonylated compounds has been established using an electrophilicity descriptor, a means to predict the molecular diversity and complexity this pathway may support, and also to de‐risk any project related to this topic. Finally, by using performance criteria for industrial operations in the field of fuels and commodities, we discussed the industrial potential of this work in terms of cost, E‐factor, reactor productivity and catalyst consumption.
Bear in mind! Bear presence and individual experience with calf survival shape the selection of calving sites in a long‐lived solitary ungulate
Authors: Dijkgraaf Lisa , Stenbacka Fredrik , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Ericsson Göran , Neumann Wiebke
Published: March 2024

The careful selection of ungulate calving sites to improve offspring survival is vital in the face of predation. In general, there is limited knowledge to which degree predator presence and prey's individual experience shape the selection of calving sites. Predator presence influences the spatiotemporal risk of encountering a predator, while individual experiences with previous predation events shape perceived mortality risks. We used a multi‐year movement dataset of a long‐lived female ungulate (moose, Alces alces, n = 79) and associated calf survival to test how predator presence (i.e., encounter risk) and females' individual experiences with previous calf mortality events affected their calving site selection and site fidelity. Using data from areas with and without Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) predation, we compared females' calving site selection using individual‐based analyses. Our findings suggest two things. First, bear presence influences calving site selection in this solitary living ungulate. Females in areas with bears were selected for higher shrub and tree cover and showed lower site fidelity than in the bear‐free area. Second, the individual experience of calf loss changes females' selection the following year. Females with lost calves had a lower site fidelity compared to females with surviving calves. Our findings suggest that increased vegetation cover may be important for reducing encounter risk in bear areas, possibly by improving calf concealment. Lower site fidelity might represent a strategy to make the placement of calving sites less predictable for predators. We suggest that bear presence shapes both habitat selection and calving site fidelity in a long‐lived animal, whereas the effect of individual experience with previous calf loss varies. We encourage further research on the relevance of female experience on the success of expressed anti‐predator strategies during calving periods.