bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ergonomic Notions by V.P. Zinchenko and V.M. Munipov from the Standpoint of the Theory of Human-World Interaction Acts
Authors: Bespalov Boris I.
Published: February 2022

Purpose and relevance of the article. Th e article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of the founders of Russian ergonomics V.M. Munipov and V.P. Zinchenko, under whose guidance the author of the article studied and worked for a long time. Th e notions of “Human — Machine” system” and “human factor” are considered from the standpoint of the theory of acts of psychological interaction of people with the world developed by the author of the article. Th is made it possible to fi ll these notions with new psychological content, as well as briefl y describe the basic notions in the theory of acts. Results. Th e interaction of the components of the world is considered as a kind of relationship between them, which includes their impact on each other and possibly on themselves. Th e ratio “А impacts on B” is identifi ed with the ratio “A changes B in some direction”. Diff erent directions in which the interacting components may change are related with the properties of these components that change in their values. Th e act of psychological interaction of a person with the components of the world is active on the part of this person, meaningful by him, mediated by the images of its components, is relatively complete and directed on achieving the results that someone needs, and also has a beginning on the timeline. Components of such an act include its objects and subjects, the activity of subjects, their meanings, properties and states, goals and motives, objects and means, tools and signs, conditions and ways (methods) of carrying out acts, processes and results, etc. Th e notions about these components are defi ned constructively (based on the previously introduced notions), as well as taking into account the functions of components in the activity of the subject. Diff erent relations between the components of the act, which turn it into a psychological functional system are described. Conclusions. It is shown that such a theoretical model of a psychological act can serve as a conceptual tool for the study and ergonomic design of any work acts of operators in “Human — Machine” systems.
What It Means to Be Oneself: The Everyday Ideas of Authenticity among Primary School Children and Adolescents in Russia
Authors: Nartova-Bochaver Sofya K. , Bayramyan Roksana M. , Chulyukin Kirill S. , Yerofeyeva Victoria G.
Published: February 2022

Background. Personal authenticity is a person’s ability to be oneself and coherent in both his/her personality and the circumstances of his/her life (time, place, and life-calling). The sense of one’s true self plays an essential role in peoples’ psychological well-being and life goals. Currently, the theory of authenticity is included in existential psychology, the person-centered approach, and the psychology of the subject, but all of these approaches have some methodological limitations. Objective. The aim of the current study was to explore the everyday presentations of the true self among the primary school children and adolescents. It was expected that in adolescence, these representations are more differentiated and mature than at an earlier stage of life. Design. In the exploratory research, 330 respondents took part, including 163 primary school children (74 girls, 87 boys, ages 7 to 11; M=9.4) and 167 adolescents (78 girls, 89 boys, ages 12 to 17; M=14.3). A special interview consisting of 11 open and closed-ended questions was developed. The inductive method of content analysis was used. Results. Differences were found in the frequencies of the categories used by primary school children and adolescents. Older respondents described their true selves in more detail; their evaluations were more positive and often included their social life as an inseparable part of themselves, whereas descriptions by the younger children were more sparse, ambiguous, and individualistic. Conclusion. The results obtained can help identify the substantial stages of the genesis of the true self. To develop authenticity, these facts should be taken into consideration.
Well-being and Coping with Stress Among Russian Adolescents in Different Educational Environments
Authors: Khlomov Kirill D. , Bochaver Alexandra A. , Korneev Alexey A.
Published: February 2022

Background. The school environment influences a child’s well-being in different ways, not only by education but also by forming social roles, habits, and stress responses. It provides the sources of stress as well as the sources of resilience. Objective. This study examines the variety of coping strategies of adolescents attending different educational institutions and the different trajectories in the adaptation process in different educational environments. Design. This paper examined the coping strategies, optimism, and subjective well-being of students in different educational environments. Three schools were represented, and 646 adolescents between 12–17 years old participated in the study. The measures included the Ways of Coping Checklist, The Life Orientation Test, and The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Results. Coping strategies used by students attending different schools significantly differ in their intensiveness of use and age distribution. However, optimism and subjective well-being are higher among older adolescents and do not depend on the educational environment. Conclusion. The differences in the coping strategies preferred by the adolescents in different types of schools reflect their adaptation to the different environmental demands, which is confirmed by the same level of subjective well-being and optimism in different environments. However, their repertoires of coping strategies are not analogous: the students in high-rated schools use more various and more constructive coping strategies than students in low-rated schools. We may assume that their resilience and ability to cope with stress outside of school may also differ, which, in turn, can influence their further life trajectories and ability to cope with difficulties in life, perpetuating existing social inequality. Early and middle adolescents in all types of schools show a lower level of well-being and optimism than older students, which may indicate their higher psychological vulnerability and need for adult attention and support compared to older adolescents.
Does Culture Mediate the Effect of Promotion/Prevention Regulatory Focus on Subjective Well-Being? Evidence from an Armenian Sample
Authors: Khachatryan Narine G. , Grigoryan Ani K.
Published: February 2022

Background: Many studies have proven that promotion focus corresponds to the logic of individualistic culture, while prevention focus is characteristic of collectivistic culture. Armenia, as a post-Soviet country, has not been included in cross-cultural studies, since it is not viewed as a typically collectivistic or individualistic society. Objective: To investigate how promotion and prevention regulatory foci can predict subjective well-being, as conditioned by individualistic–collectivistic cultural orientations within Armenian society, and to reveal the links between regulatory focus and subjective well-being within Armenian culture, considering the effect of personality–culture fit. Design: We carried out two studies. In Study 1, regression analysis was conducted to reveal how promotion and prevention foci predicted different aspects of subjective well-being. In Study 2, mediation analysis was conducted to reveal how vertical and horizontal collectivism and individualism mediate the linkage between a promotion or prevention focus, and different aspects of subjective well-being. Results: Regression analysis replicated the findings of other studies, showing that promotion focus has a great predictive role in subjective well-being, while prevention focus neither predicts or obviates different aspects of subjective well-being. Mediation analysis indicated that vertical collectivism had a partially mediating effect on the linkage between promotion and cognitive, emotional, and psychological aspects of subjective well-being. Vertical individualism had a mediating effect on the linkage between prevention and social well-being. Conclusion: Vertical collectivism is a consistent pattern in people experiencing subjective well-being when they behave in a promotion-based way in different settings in the Armenian cultural context.
The Phenomenon of Loneliness in Old Age
Authors: Naumova Valentina A. , Glozman Zhanna M.
Published: February 2022

Background. The issue of solitude is fragmentary in gerontological investigations, and is generally interpreted as loneliness: a negative experience of lack of relationships with other people. Ageing people have many variants of loneliness, often connected with their own prejudices or satisfaction with their social contacts. In loneliness, opportunities and rights to the sovereignty of one’s life space can be preserved. Objective. To study loneliness as a fact of life, a multi-dimensional phenomenon, including the feeling of loneliness itself, lack of communication, and ability to be alone. We suppose that senior adults with different levels of psychological well-being are specific in this acceptance of loneliness and ability to find resources in this situation. Design. The participants comprised 129 residents of Kamchatka Region aged 60–82. In the first stage, using C. Ryff ’s “Psychological Well-Being Scale” with midvalues cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into groups with different levels of psychological well-being. In the second stage, the data of the “Differential Questionnaire on Experiencing Loneliness” and “Subjective Perception of One’s Own Life” questionnaire were used for correlation analysis of interrelations between psychological well-being and the “positive loneliness” subscale, revealing the participants’ ability to find resources in loneliness. Results. The research shows that experiencing loneliness in the gerontological cohort is non-homogeneous; it is interconnected with personal attitudes towards positive loneliness, with psychological well-being. It changes the activities of the elderly and the extent of experiencing loneliness. Conclusion. There is cultural mitigation of loneliness in gerontological cohorts and also in their shift from a negative mindset towards an existential one.
Coping and Co-creation: One Attempt and One Route to Well-being. Part 2. Application to Identity and Social Well-being
Authors: Denham Florence C. , Andringa Tjeerd C.
Published: February 2022

Background. This is the application part of a two-part paper that starts from the assumption that core cognition for promoting agent well-being is shared by all living beings. In Part 1, we derived a number of key terms of core cognition and two behavioral ontologies: coping and co-creation. Objective. Our first aim is to extend the conceptual framework and two behavioral ontologies, while explaining, from first principles, the observed basic structure in identity development. The second is to apply core cognition on a metatheoretical level to explain how the two theories about fostering well-being show the characteristic features of our two behavioral ontologies. Results. We demonstrate that the four different combinations of coping, cocreation, adequacy, and inadequacy explain from first principles the underlying structure of identity. Among other things, these accurately leads us to the defining features of authoritarianism. The notion of ontological security, as it is known in the literature, accurately describes the coping mode’s restricted capacity for the creation and protection of well-being. Ontological security leads to a self-limiting form of well-being that has been described as “abnormal normality.” In contrast, psychological safety provides the preconditions for high wellbeing and a safe environment, thus promoting the healthy development of coping and co-creation adequacy.
Mircea Eliade and René Guénon
Authors: Marino Davide
Published: February 2022

This article analyses the intellectual relationship between the historian of religions Mircea Eliade and the French esotericist René Guénon. Many scholars have argued for the “the myth of affinity”, a theory according to which Eliade would have subscribed to Guénon’s worldview (Traditionalism). The proponents of this thesis believe that Eliade opportunistically masked his Traditionalism for fear of being considered not sufficiently “scientific” for the academic career he aspired to. This article argues against such a theory and intends to demonstrate how the “myth of affinity” arose from a series of misunderstandings that occurred in the circle of Guénon’s closest associates, probably fuelled by Eliade himself. A comparison of Guénon and Eliade’s works on the theme of initiation will be used to dismiss “the myth of affinity” by indicating the irreconcilable theoretical distance between Traditionalism and Eliadian hermeneutics.
Preliminary account on the bryozoans of the Alboran platform (Western Mediterranean), with description of two new species
Authors: RAMALHO LAÍS V. , RODRÍGUEZ-APORTA RAQUEL , GOFAS SERGE
Published: February 2022

The Alboran platform, located in the Alboran Sea, is an area of high productivity due to the mixture of the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, which produce an almost permanent upwelling in the region. It has been considered one of the main biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean Sea. Previous taxonomic studies on bryozoans carried out around the Alboran platform mentioned a total of 127 species collected at depths between 28 and 480 m. Here we report on four Indemares (Inventario y designación de la Red Natura 2000 en áreas marinas del Estado español) samples collected in 2011 and 2012 at depths between 95 and 120 m from a biogenic gravel bottom (i.e. small rocks and shells). Sixty-eight taxa belonging to 52 genera and 34 families were identified. Two species are proposed as new (Escharella similis n. sp. and Hemicyclopora admirabilis n. sp.), eight taxa were identified only to genus level although two of them (Chorizopora sp., Hippothoa sp.) are likely to be undescribed species, and one taxon only at family level. Among the species identified, 30 are new records for the Alboran platform, 13 are new records for the Alboran Sea, and Microporella funbio is recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. These results covered only a small part of the material sampled (4 out of 44 samples), which suggests that the number of bryozoan species in the Alboran platform is even higher, and also shows the importance of this area for “bryodiversity”.
New records of Phlaeothripinae from New Caledonia, with the description of a new species of Adraneothrips Hood (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
Authors: GOLDARAZENA ARTURO , MICHEL BRUNO
Published: February 2022

Four species of phlaeothripines are newly recorded and illustrated from New Caledonia: Adraneothrips moundi n. sp., Baenothrips cf. cuneatus Zhao & Tong, Leichhardtithrips evanidus Tree & Mound and Sophiothrips typicus (Ananthakrishnan). The male of L. evanidus is recorded for the first time.
Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of (35.5-x)Ti-49.5Ni-15Hf-xNb (x = 3, 10) (at. %) High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Lim Jin-Hwan , Li Shuanglei , Nam Tae-Hyun
Published: February 2022

In this study, the effects of solution treatment temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of (35.5-x)Ti-49.5Ni-15Hf-xNb (x = 3, 10) (at.%) high-temperature shape memory alloys were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry,
and tensile tests. The microstructures of the solution treated with a 1123 K Ti-49.5Ni-15Hf-3Nb alloy consisted of (Ti, Hf, Nb)2Ni and Nb-rich phases and a B19′ martensite matrix. The solution treated at 1123 K Ti-49.5Ni-15Hf-10Nb alloy consisted of the B19′ martensite
matrix and Nb-rich, Hf-rich, and Ni-rich phases. The Ni-rich phases were eliminated by increasing the solution treatment temperature. When the solution treatment temperature was increased from 1123 K to 1273 K, the fracture strain increased from 8.4% to 10.4% and from 11.2% to 22.1% for the
Ti-49.5Ni-15Hf-3Nb and Ti-49.5Ni-15Hf-10Nb alloys, respectively, which was ascribed to the elimination of the Ni-rich phase. Ms (B2-B19′ transformation start temperature) also increased from 421.3 K to 439.7 K and from 192.6 K to 299.2 K for the 3Nb and 10Nb alloys, respectively.
Superelastic recovery ratios of 62.7% and 78.7% were observed in the 3Nb and 10Nb alloy solutions treated at 1123 K, respectively. The superelastic recovery ratio increased with an increase in solution treatment temperature from 1123 K to 1273 K for both the 3Nb and 10Nb alloys.
Investigation of Structure Modification of Underlying SiCOH Low-kDielectrics with Subsequent Hardmask Deposition Process Conditions
Authors: Kim Minho , Hong Sang Jeen
Published: February 2022

Device miniaturization requires the use of hardmasks in the IC manufacturing process, and employing an amorphous carbon layer (ACL) hardmask over a low-kdielectric is a well-known technology. An elevated temperature causes a dielectric constant shift owing to structural changes and methyl group desorption in the deposited SiCOH films. In this study, the structural change of the SiCOH film, which varies depending on the ACL deposition condition, was analyzed. Structural changes in SiCOH after ACL deposition were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From 900 to 1300 cm−1wavenumber, changes of methyl group and structure of the SiCOH film were identified. As a result, we found that the structure and methyl content of the low-kfilm changes during the hardmask deposition due to the heat and plasma. In particular, the SiCOH film is richer in methyl group at higher temperatures. A high-density hardmask was deposited at higher temperatures. It was deduced that a high-density ACL hardmask was deposited on SiCOH because of the higher temperature, and the ACL hardmask on low-kacts as a capping layer.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Mediate miR-181 to Promote Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Chemotherapy-Induced Myocardial Injury
Authors: Lv Houlong , Cong Lina , Chang Ming , Ma Shumin , Liu Guiqing
Published: February 2022

Nanoparticles are known to have recognition ability for targeted delivery. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) are a kind of silicon-based outstanding nanoplatforms for drug delivery, with biocompatibility and chemical stability of silicon. In this study, we aimed to study the impact of miR-181-loaded MSNPs on mitochondrial apoptosis and oxidative stress in myocardial ischemia secondary to chemotherapy. We made F-MSNPs and co-cultured them with miR-181. After establishment of animal model of myocardial injury in sarcoma, injection of F-MSN-miR-181, F-MSN-miR-181 inhibitor and negative control (NC) was administrated to mice. The activities of LDH, CK, and MnSOD in cardiomyocytes and tissues were determined and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. ROS level and expression of miR-181, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were also measured. The composite MSNPs had high specific surface area and high pore volume without toxicity as survival rate of cardiomyocytes treated with MSNPs climbed to 85%. The presence of F-MSN-miR-181 decreased LDH activity ((12.36±0.56 U/kg pro) and CK activity (6.32±0.97 U/kg pro) and increased MnSOD Vigor (36.42±3.56 U/kg pro), compared to blank and control groups (P< 0.05). Increased apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential, and up-regulation of miR-181 in MSNPs decreased the level of ROS and Bcl2 but elevated expression of miR-181 and Caspase-3 (P< 0.05). miR-181-loaded MSNPs enhanced apoptosis of damaged cardiomyocytes and alleviated oxidative stress of mitochondria to improve myocardial injury, due to targeted recognition effect of nanomaterials. These findings reveal the potential of MSNPs in treating hypoxia-induced injury, providing a novel insight into future application of composite MSNPs.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Combined Delivery of Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors Enhances Radio Sensibility in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Changbo , Chen Zelan , Li Xingming , Xiao Huayi , Liu Qiang , Zhao Liang , Li Xia , Xian Feng
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to clarify the role of nanoparticle for combined delivery of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer progress in vitro and its effect on radio sensibility. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) that targeted EGFR
(epidermal growth factor receptor) were established and loaded with PLK1 siRNA. Apoptosis and cell cycle with different treatments were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and cell viability were tested by cloning and CCK-8 assay. We employed PCR and Westernblot to detect PLK1 transcription
and protein expression. Finally, a tumor metastasis model was established. EGFR+ NSCLC cell lines exhibited notable increase in C-siPLK1-NP phagocytosis and more powerful suppression in EFGR level. Further, C-siPLK1-NP exposure resulted in notable reduced PLK1 mRNA and protein level,
accompanied by prominent limited cell vitality, blocked cell cycle at G2/M. With radiation, C-siPLK1-NP exposure induced enhanced radio sensibility, as proved by remarkable reduced cloning efficiency, fraction surviving and evident increase in γH2ax foci. Finally, mice that were
administered with C-siPLK1-NP exerted more obvious tumor progression. Nanoparticles’ combined delivery of PLK1 and EGFR inhibitors inhibited NSLCC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
Synthesis of Coal Gangue-Based Mesoporous X Zeolite with Soft Template and Its Adsorption Methylene Blue
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang MiaoSen , Sun ShuFang , Wang XiaoLi
Published: February 2022

In this article, coal gangue-based mesoporous X zeolite was synthesized by soft template method (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added as mesoporous template). By the optimization of experimental conditions, We determined that n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3) = 11.0,
crystallization time of 48 h and n(CTAB)/n(SiO2) = 0.03 were the best synthesis conditions. The gangue-based mesoporous X zeolite has a specific surface area of 604.7 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.110 cm3/g. Under the optimal synthesis conditions without adding templating
agent, the pore volume of X zeolite increased by 3.3 times. The effect of coal gangue-based mesoporous X zeolite on the adsorption performance of methylene blue was studied. The results showed that the best adsorption conditions were 0.06 g zeolite dosage, 75 mg/g initial concentration, and
60 min shaking time. The results showed that the removal rate and adsorption capacity of methylene blue were 91.49% and 34.31 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue on X zeolite without template agent was enhanced 1.7 times.
Preparation of Metformin/Doxorubicin-Bovine Serum Albumin-Hyaluronic Acid-Carbon Dots Nanoparticles and Their Application in Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor of Patient Combine with Metformin
Authors: Cheng Lixia , Jiang Guanyan , Yu Hongchao , Liu Shuohui
Published: February 2022

At present, carbon dot nanoparticle has good light stability and bioavailability, which has become a novel type of nano material widely employed in medicine. This investigation aimed to study the effects of nanomedicine based on Metformin/doxorubicin-bovine serum albumin-hyaluronic
acid-carbon dots (Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD) on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients. First, Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD was prepared from Met and doxorubicin (DOX) and BSA-HACD solution. 30 PCOS patients accepted by
hospital were deemed as experimental group, and 30 healthy married women were taken as controls. Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD nanomedicine was prepared and applied to the treatment of 30 PCOS patients. The results showed that the average particle size of Met/DOX-BSA-HA-CD was about 120 nm. MMP-9 immunohistochemical
H-Score (285.32±36.41 points) of the endometrial glandular epithelium of experimental group was considerably inferior to controls (364.35±26.74 points) (P < 0.05). VEGF level of experimental group (103.25±20.64 pg/mL) was substantially superior to controls (86.32±14.21
pg/mL) (P < 0.05). Moreover, serum VEGF level was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.236, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) (r =−0.061, P < 0.05). The carbon dots
prepared in this study had good light stability. The ratio of nanocarrier to drug: bovine serum albumin-hyaluronic acid-carbon dots:metformin = 4:1 was determined as the feeding ratio, and the embedding rate was 39.8%. The expression of MMP-9 in the endometrial glandular epithelium of PCOS
patients was expected to be an indicator of endometrial receptivity. PCOS patients had endocrine disorders and abnormal VEGF levels.
Efficacy of miR-122 Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System on the Patients with Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Yang Zhi , Ou Pengcheng , Wu Minna , Zeng Furong , Xie Dongyuan , Zhou Boping
Published: February 2022

In order to explore the effect of MiR-122 nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery system (NPDDS) on the condition and curative effect of patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The phosphate buffered saline solution was added to the solution of Monoammonium Glycyrrhizanate (MAG) NPs to make the suspension. Then, 50μL of the MAGβ-cyclodextrin star-shaped cationic polymer solution was added to the 100μg/mL MiR-122 solution and form MAG/MiR-122 co-loaded NPs. 40 cases of acute DILI patients in hospital were selected as the research subjects. Control group, polymer group, drug-loaded group, and co-loaded group were set up, and fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed to measure the expression level of MiR-122 in the cells. The untreated DILI cells were set as control group, while the MAG/MiR-122 co-loaded NPs-treated DILI cells were set as treatment group. The treatment effects of the two groups were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the MAG/MiR co-loaded NPs prepared were of regular round shape and uniform particle size distribution. The expression of MiR-122 was low in control group, and its content in injured cells was extremely low. The expression of MiR-122 in the co-loaded group was superior to drug-loaded group. The effective rate of drug treatments in treatment group was significantly superior to control group, and the differences were substantial (P< 0.05). The number of red blood cells (RBC) of treatment group decreased notably relative to controls, while differences on white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) between two groups were not considerable (P> 0.05). In conclusion, MAG/MiR co-loaded NPs can effectively improve the therapeutic effect of DILI. Moreover, early DILI screening can be implemented by detecting the expression level of MiR-122 in the cells of DILI patients.
Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition of Three-Cavity Nasal Jejunal Tube Under Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) in Treatment of Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhao Guang , Zhao Weichuan , Hao Jingyu , Wang Zhenyu
Published: February 2022

This study was to explore the curative effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) of three-cavity nasal jejunal tube (NJT) based on nano superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in treating severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). After the Fe3+ and Fe2+ were mixed, the ions were
co-precipitated to generate Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which were used as seeds for the sodium citrate-auric acid reduction reaction to form the gold-coated SPIO nanoparticles. 90 patients with severe AP were selected and randomly rolled into blank group (group B), control
group (group C), and experimental group (group E), with 30 cases in each group. The three groups of patients were treated with complete parenteral nutrition support, EN through three-cavity NJT, an EN through three-cavity NJT under the guidance of SPIO nanoparticles, respectively. The resulted
showed that the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (11.6±1.62) of the group E was much lower in contrast to the group B (16.34±1.45) and the group C (15.8±1.33) (P < 0.05). The computed tomography severity index (CTSI) in group E
(5.03±0.65) was greatly lower than that in the group B (6.01±0.39) and the group C (5.89±0.44) (P < 0.05). Compared to the group B (14.5±1.25), the time required for the blood amylase to return to normal in the group C and the group E (11.8±1.39,
7.3±1.4) was shorter visibly (P < 0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores during and after the placement of NJT were the lowest (P < 0.05). In short, the nutritional support through three-cavity NJT for patients with SAP was safe and effective, and had a positive
effect on preventing infection and improving body function; in addition, the application of SPIO nanoparticles could help relieve patients’ pain and reduce adverse events.
Application of Carbon Nanoparticles in Tracing Sentinel Lymph Node in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Fang Fang , Zhang Chunhua , Hu Linyi
Published: February 2022

Carbon nanoparticle (CNP) tracer technology is a new type of tracing method adopted in the medical field. It can black stain the pelvic lymph node of endometrial cancer and has many advantages such as non-invasiveness and easy tolerance. To analyze the indicative role of CNP in the diagnosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in endometrial cancer (EC) patients, 102 patients who were diagnosed as EC by hysteroscopy were deemed as the research objects. The two-point method was adopted to inject CNP suspension into the cervix of the patients. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was adopted for lymph node metastasis detection. The cytokeratin pathological micro metastasis detection method was employed to detect whether the lymph node was metastasized, and its distribution area was recorded. Moreover, the detection rate, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of SLN was recorded. The results showed that the proportion of stage I patients was 74.37%, the proportion of stage II patients was 15.68%, and the proportion of stage III patients was 9.95%. The proportion of well-differentiated patients was 51.47%, the proportion of moderately differentiated patients was 38.94%, and the proportion of poorly differentiated patients was 9.59%. The number of lymph node dissections was 2305, of which 590 was SLN and 1715 was NSLN. The SLN distribution areas were common iliac area (45.17%), obturator area (34.44%), external iliac area (11.15%), and internal iliac area (9.34%). 18 patients had SLN pelvic cavity metastasis, and no signs of NSLN metastasis were found. The detection rate of SLN was 95.26%. The diagnosis accuracy was 98.55%, the sensitivity was 95.27%, and the specificity was 87.28%. In short, CNP played an imperative role in the diagnosis of SLN metastasis in EC patients. The main distribution areas of patients with SLN were common iliac area and obturator area. The lymph node detection rate and accuracy were high.
Urban Heat Island Estimation from Crowdsensing Thermometers Embedded in Personal Cars
Authors: Marquès Eva , Masson Valéry , Naveau Philippe , Mestre Olivier , Dubreuil Vincent , Richard Yves
Published: February 2022

An ever-growing portion of the global population lives in urban areas. Cities are expanding quickly and consequently, the urban heat island effect has become a major health concern to maintain city dwellers’ thermal comfort. For this reason, city planners want to access urban meteorological databases in local areas where specific attention is needed. With the growth of connected devices, it is possible to collect unusual but massive temperature measurements from people’s activities. In this article, we study temperatures measured by thermometers embedded in everyday personal cars. To assess the quality of such opportunistic data, we first detect factors deteriorating the measurement. After preprocessing, the measurement error is then estimated thanks to two weather station networks providing a local-scale reference through the cities of Dijon and Rennes, France. The overall aggregation of private car temperature measurements allows us to estimate very precisely the urban heat island at a 200-m resolution. We detect the cooling effect of parks in Rennes and Paris urban areas. In Barcelona and Dijon, we observe the impact of regional environments and the orographic effect on the urban heat island. With our method, similar maps can be made accessible to every interested city in western Europe to target critical areas and support urban planning decisions.
Doubling Down on Racial Capitalism during COVID-19: Qualitative Interviews with Bank Employees
Authors: Friedline Terri , Wood Anna K. , Wheatley Mikal , Oh Seyoung , Zheng Haotian
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 Pandemic Recession has revealed examples of systematic discrimination within a wide range of industries, including banking. Using data from interviews conducted with bank employees in March and April 2020, we explore how private banks exemplify racialized organizations and operate within the broader economic system of racial capitalism that prioritizes pursuit of profits over the interests of their customers. We explain how the banking industry’s responses to the pandemic reflect the logic of racial capitalism, and we develop the theme of doubling down to illustrate this logic and to explain the patterns revealed in employees’ narratives. Subthemes included pursuit of profits, bureaucratic mundane, forced choices, history limits imagination, and dissonance. We conclude with implications for the banking industry.
Crashing without a Parachute: Racial and Educational Disparities in Unemployment during COVID-19
Authors: Hardy Bradley , Hokayem Charles , Roll Stephen
Published: February 2022

The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic has not been shouldered equally by American families. Black and Hispanic communities have been hit the hardest, with the pandemic often exacerbating existing disparities. Using nationally representative data, we assess the economic and public health effects of the pandemic among different socioeconomic groups and whether typical sources of protection from economic insecurity are uniformly protective across the U.S. population. Within these sociodemographic groups, we also explore differences by education and industry. We find higher levels of employment loss among Blacks and Hispanics, those without college degrees, and frontline workers. We also find evidence that individuals and families are facing mental health episodes and are turning to costly alternative financial strategies to cope throughout the pandemic.
Rural-Urban Variation in COVID-19 Experiences and Impacts among U.S. Working-Age Adults
Authors: Monnat Shannon M.
Published: February 2022

This study investigates rural-urban differences in COVID-19 in terms of its impacts on the physical and mental health, social relationships, employment, and financial hardship of U.S. working-age adults (18–64). I use data from the National Wellbeing Survey collected in February and March 2021 ( N = 3,933). Most respondents (58 percent) reported that COVID-19 has had a negative impact on their lives. Residents of rural counties adjacent to metro areas reported the worst outcomes: they were more likely than residents of large urban counties to report positive tests for coronavirus; to live with someone who tested positive or have a close friend or family member outside of the household test positive; to have a close friend or family member hospitalized; to seek treatment for anxiety or depression; to be late paying rent, mortgage, and other bills; to not be able to afford groceries or other necessities; and to get a loan from family or friends. Recovery policies must consider geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability and impacts.
Impact of Hemodialysis on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery for Peripheral Artery Disease—10-year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Kumada Yoshitaka , Kawai Norikazu , Ishida Narihiro , Mori Akihiro , Ishii Hideki , Ohshima Satoru , Ito Ryuta , Umemoto Norio , Takahashi Hiroshi , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: February 2022

We investigated the clinical impact of hemodialysis on long-term outcomes of bypass surgery in patients with peripheral artery disease. We evaluated 660 consecutive patients who underwent successful bypass surgery (392 hemodialysis and 268 non-hemodialysis). The endpoint was amputation-free survival (AFS). To minimize differences in clinical characteristics between the 2 groups, propensity score matching was performed. The AFS rates for 10-year follow-up were 39.3% and 67.7% in hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients [hazard ratio (HR) 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–3.01, P < .0001]. Cumulative incidence of amputation was higher in the hemodialysis group than in the non-hemodialysis group [(19.4 vs 8.4%, HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.29–3.74, P = .0027). In a matched cohort (n = 210 each), AFS was still lower in the hemodialysis patients (53.1 vs 66.3%, HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.36–2.82, P = .0003). However, there was no significant difference in amputation rate between the groups (10.5 vs 10.6%, HR .97, 95% CI 0.49–1.87, P = .93). In a sub-analysis of patients with critical limb ischemia, similar results were obtained. The 10-year AFS was consistently lower in the hemodialysis group than in the non-hemodialysis group. However, the amputation rate was comparable between the groups when matched for the differences in clinical characteristics.
Microfluidic In-Situ Spectrophotometric Approaches to Tackle Actinides Analysis in Multiple Oxidation States
Authors: Mattio Elodie , Caleyron Audrey , Miguirditchian Manuel , Lines Amanda M. , Bryan Samuel A. , Lackey Hope E. , Rodriguez-Ruiz Isaac , Lamadie Fabrice
Published: February 2022

The study and development of present and future processes for the treatment/recycling of spent nuclear fuels require many steps, from design in the laboratory to setting up on an industrial scale. In all of these steps, analysis and instrumentation are key points. For scientific reasons (small-scale studies, control of phenomena, etc.) but also with regard to minimizing costs, risks, and waste, such developments are increasingly carried out on milli- or microfluidic devices. The logic is the same for the chemical analyses associated with their follow-up and interpretation. Due to this, over the last few years, opto–microfluidic analysis devices adapted to the monitoring of different processes (dissolution, liquid–liquid extraction, precipitation, etc.) have been increasingly designed and developed. In this work, we prove that photonic lab-on-a-chip (PhLoC) technology is fully suitable for all actinides concentration monitoring along the plutonium uranium refining extraction (plutonium, uranium, reduction, extraction, or Purex) process. Several PhLoC microfluidic platforms were specifically designed and used in different nuclear research and development (R&D) laboratories, to tackle actinides analysis in multiple oxidation states even in mixtures. The detection limits reached (tens of µmol·L−1) are fully compliant with on-line process monitoring, whereas a range of analyzable concentrations of three orders of magnitude can be covered with less than 150 µL of analyte. Finally, this work confirms the possibility and the potential of coupling Raman and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopies at the microfluidic scale, opening the perspective of measuring very complex mixtures.
How Soft Propaganda Persuades
Authors: Mattingly Daniel C. , Yao Elaine
Published: February 2022

An influential body of scholarship argues that authoritarian regimes design “hard” propaganda that is intentionally heavy-handed in order to signal regime power. In this study, by contrast, we link the power of propaganda to the emotional power of “soft” propaganda such as television dramas and viral social media content. We conduct a series of experiments in which we expose over 6800 respondents in China to real propaganda videos drawn from television dramas, state-backed social media accounts, and state-run newscasts, each containing nationalist messages favored by the Chinese Communist Party. In contrast to theories that propaganda is unpersuasive, we show that propaganda effectively manipulates anger as well as anti-foreign sentiment and behavior, with heightened anti-foreign attitudes persisting up to a week. However, we also find that nationalist propaganda has no effect on perceptions of Chinese government performance or on self-reported willingness to protest against the state.
Mind the Gap: Measuring Academic Underachievement Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Mazrekaj Deni , Witte Kristof De , Triebs Thomas P.
Published: February 2022

We propose using Stochastic Frontier Analysis to estimate pupils’ academic underachievement. We model underachievement as the gap between expected achievement and actual achievement, not due to a learning disability. Our data are a panel for 2,228 Belgian pupils observed over 6 years of primary education. We found that the average underachievement gap is 23.5%. That is, the average pupil does not exploit about one fourth of their potential. Gifted pupils appear to underachieve as much as non-gifted pupils. We also found that class size is a determinant of underachievement. The association between class size and underachievement is non-monotonic, with an underachievement minimum at a class size of about 20 pupils.
Evidence Based Scarce Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Bamlanivimab Administration in the Emergency Department
Authors: Rozycki Elizabeth , Weiner Ashley , Malvestutto Carlos , Kman Nicholas E , Lustberg Mark , Dick Michael , Lehman K. Joy , Schieber Ariane , Luca Lynne , Jordan Trisha A , Reed Erica E , Allen James , Parsons Jonathan , Nichols Courtney , Conroy Mark J
Published: February 2022

Background: Patients presenting for emergency department (ED) evaluation may be appropriate for treatment with monoclonal antibodies for mild to moderate COVID-19. While many sites have implemented infusion centers for these agents, EDs will continue to evaluate these patients where appropriate identification and efficient infusion of eligible patients is critical. Objectives: Patients receiving bamlanivimab in the EDs of an academic medical center are described. The primary objective was to describe operational metrics and secondary objectives reported clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients receiving bamlanivimab and discharged from the ED were included from November 16, 2020 to January 16, 2021 in the retrospective, observational cohort. Primary outcome was adherence to institutional criteria. Secondary outcomes included ED visit metrics, clinical characteristics, and return visits within 30 days. Risk factors for return visits were assessed with regression. Results: One hundred nineteen patients were included. Most (71%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the ED visit and median symptom duration was 3(IQR 2-5) days. Median number of risk factors for progression to severe disease was 2 (IQR 1-2). Thirty percent had a documented abnormal chest x-ray. Institutional criteria adherence was 99.2%. Median time from ED room to bamlanivimab was 4 (IQR 3.1-5.2) hours. Thirty patients had return visit within 30 days; 19 were COVID-19 related. Two multivariable regression models were analyzed for COVID-19 related return visit. Characteristics on ED presentation were considered in Model I: male gender (OR 3.01[0.97-9.31]), age (per 10 years) (OR 1.49[1.05-2.12]), African-American race (OR 3.46[1.09-11.06]), and symptom duration (per day) (OR 1.34[1.05-1.73]). Model II included labs and imaging acquired in ED. In Model II, age (per 10 years) (OR 1.52[1.07-2.16]) and abnormal CXR (OR 5.74[1.95-16.9]) were associated with COVID-19 related return visits. Conclusions: Administration of bamlanivimab to ED patients can be done efficiently, with the potential to reduce COVID-19 related return visits. Age and abnormal imaging were independent predictors of COVID-19 return visits.
Trustees of the nation? Business, philanthropy and changing modes of legitimacy in colonial and postcolonial western India
Authors: Wani Kena
Published: February 2022

This article presents a historical account of the public lives of philanthropic endeavours that involved business actors in western India, from the late nineteenth century till early decades of the post-independence period. Two cases—that of the traditionally maintained animal shelter-homes called ‘pinjrapoles’ and that of the Tilak Swaraj Fund Trust, founded to aid the nationalist movement in early twentieth century India—are analysed. The article scrutinises through the case of the pinjrapoles how traditionally practiced religious forms of charity came to obtain a wider purchase within the colonial order since the late nineteenth century as public-oriented philanthropic actions and institutions. In considering the history of the Swaraj Fund, the article traces how the politics of accountability interrupted philanthropic institutions and in turn the social standing of business patrons within the fold of Gandhian nationalism and its accompanying models of ‘trusteeship’. In studying these two cases, the article tries to understand how the relationship of western Indian business actors with colonial rule as well as the nationalist movement remained mediated by changing forms of philanthropic endeavours serving emerging modes of legitimacy and their accompanying mandates of publicity.
Measuring red tape in a hospital setting: A survey experiment
Authors: Luyten Janis , Marneffe Wim
Published: February 2022

Public administration research is actively exploring alternatives for the General Red Tape (GRT) scale to measure red tape. Owing to increasing criticism on the GRT scale, scholars proposed the Three-Item Red Tape (TIRT) scale as an alternative. Using a repeated cross-sectional design, this article tests both scales in a before–after analysis of a major change in the organization of administration in a hospital. The results indicate that the GRT scale does not capture the resulting major change in red tape, which raises questions on the instrument's validity in a bottom-up research design within one organization. The TIRT scale, however, which measures red tape at the work environment level, does reflect the change in red tape but shows empirical weaknesses in its design. Additionally, by randomly assigning respondents to substantially different red tape definitions, this article shows that the red tape definition does not significantly impact respondents’ GRT ratings.

Points for practitioners

The predominantly used GRT scale is not able to capture an increase in red tape in a bottom-up intraorganizational research design in a hospital, which raises questions on the instrument's validity. A more recent alternative for the GRT scale, more specifically the TIRT scale, captures the increase in red tape but shows empirical weaknesses. The wording of the red tape definition does not impact respondents’ answers on the GRT scale.
The nose as a feature of forensic practice
Authors: Atreya Alok , Menezes Ritesh G , Lasrado Savita
Published: February 2022

The nose is a prominent facial structure which is too often overlooked by forensic medicine practitioners. Studies that consider the role of the nose in forensic practice are scattered throughout scientific literature. We provide a brief review of these.