bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of a Pd4carbonyl triphenylphosphane cluster [Pd4(CO)5(PPh3)4]·2C4H8O, comparing solvates
Authors: Robeyns Koen , Willocq Christopher , Tinant Bernard , Devillers Michel , Hermans Sophie
Published: January 2016

Attempts to synthesize Au–Pd heterometallic compounds from homonuclear palladium or gold complexes, [Pd(PtBu2)2] and [Au(PPh3)Cl] in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution under a CO atmosphere resulted in a homonuclear Pd cluster, namely pentakis(μ-carbonyl-κ2C:C)tetrakis(triphenylphosphane-κP)tetrapalladium(5Pd—Pd) tetrahydrofuran disolvate, [Pd4(CO)5(C18H15P)4]·2C4H8O. The complex molecule lies on a twofold rotation axis. The crystal structure is described in relation to the CH2Cl2solvate previously determined by our group [Willocqet al.(2011).Inorg. Chim. Acta,373, 233–242], and in particular to the desolvated structure [Felthamet al.(1985).Inorg. Chem.24, 1503–1510]. It is assumed that the title compound transforms into the latter structure, upon gradual loss of solvent molecules. In the title compound, the symmetry-unique THF solvent molecule is linked to the complex molecule by a weak C—H...O hydrogen bond. Contributions of disordered solvent molecules to the diffraction intensities, most likely associated with methanol, were removed with the SQUEEZE [Spek (2015).Acta Cryst.C71, 9–18] algorithm.
Crystal structure of an organic–inorganic supramolecular salt based on a 4,4′-methylenebis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium) cation and a β-octamolybdate anion
Authors: Amarante Tatiana R. , Gonçalves Isabel S. , Almeida Paz Filipe A.
Published: January 2016

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, bis[4,4′-methylenebis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium)] β-octamolybdate, (C11H18N4)2[Mo8O26] or (H4mbdpz)2[Mo8O26], is composed of an H4mbdpz2+cation and half of the β-octamolybdate anion which is completed by inversion symmetry. The organic molecular units are engaged in a series of N—H...O hydrogen bonds with neighbouring anions, with N...O distances and N—H...O angles in the ranges 2.730 (2)–2.941 (2) Å and 122–166°, respectively. These interactions lead to the formation of a supramolecular two-dimensional network parallel to the (010) plane.
Crystal structure of tris(μ-bis{4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)amino]phenyl}methane-κ4N,N′:N′′,N′′′)dizinc tetrakis(tetrafluoridoborate) acetonitrile trisolvate
Authors: Alexandru Maria-Gabriela , Dumitru Florina
Published: January 2016

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Zn2(C25H20N4)3](BF4)4·3CH3CN, consists of one dinuclear ZnIIcomplex cation with a triple-helical [Zn2L3]4+motif (Lis bis{4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)amino]phenyl}methane), four BF4−anions and three CH3CN solvent molecules. The Zn...Zn separation is 11.3893 (14) Å and the ligands wrap around the two ZnIIatoms, forming a triple helix as defined by the Zn—N—N—Zn torsion angles of 104.05 (18), 99.06 (19) and 101.40 (19)°. The Zn—N(pyridyl) distances in the octahedral ZnN6coordination sphere are in the range 2.128 (5)–2.190 (5) Å and the Zn—N(imine) distances are in the range 2.157 (5)–2.277 (5) Å.
Crystal structure ofN′′-benzyl-N′′-[3-(benzyldimethylazaniumyl)propyl]-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylguanidinium bis(tetraphenylborate)
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Kantlehner Willi
Published: January 2016

In the crystal structure of the title salt, C24H38N42+·2C24H20B−, the C—N bond lengths in the central CN3unit of the guanidinium ion are 1.3364 (13), 1.3407 (13) and 1.3539 (13) Å, indicating partial double-bond character. The central C atom is bonded to the three N atoms in a nearly ideal trigonal–planar geometry and the positive charge is delocalized in the CN3plane. The bonds between the N atoms and the terminal methyl groups of the guanidinium moiety and the four C—N bonds to the central N atom of the (benzyldimethylazaniumyl)propyl group have single-bond character. In the crystal, C—H...π interactions between the guanidinium H atoms and the phenyl C atoms of the tetraphenylborate ions are present, leading to the formation of a two-dimensional supramolecular pattern parallel to theacplane.
Crystal structure of trihydrogen bis{[1,1,1-tris(2-oxidoethylaminomethyl)ethane]cobalt(III)} trinitrate
Authors: Sethi Waqas , Johannesen Heini V. , Morsing Thorbjørn J. , Piligkos Stergios , Weihe Høgni
Published: January 2016

The title compound, [Co2(L)2]3+·3NO3−[whereL= CH3C(CH2NHCH2CH2OH1/2)3], has been synthesized from the ligand 1,1,1-tris(2-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)ethane. The cobalt(III) dimer has an interesting and uncommon O—H...O hydrogen-bonding motif with the three bridging hydroxy H atoms each being equally disordered over two positions. In the dimeric trication, the octahedrally coordinated CoIIIatoms and the capping C atoms lie on a threefold rotation axis. The N atoms of two crystallographically independent nitrate anions also lie on threefold rotation axes. N—H...O hydrogen bonding between the complex cations and nitrate anions leads to the formation of a three-dimensional network structure. The compound is a racemic conglomerate of crystals containing either D or L molecules. The crystal used for this study is a D crystal.
Crystal structure ofN-hydroxypicolinamide monohydrate
Authors: Safyanova Inna S. , Ohui Kateryna A. , Omelchenko Irina V.
Published: January 2016

The crystal structure of the title compound, C6H6N2O2·H2O, consists ofN-hydroxypicolinamide and water molecules connected through O—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds. The O—H...O interactions and π–π stacking interactions between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.427 (1) Å] organize the components into columns extending along thebaxis and the N—H...N hydrogen bonds link these columns into a two-dimensional framework parallel to (100). TheN-hydroxypicolinamide molecule adopts a strongly flattened conformation and only the O—H group H atom deviates significantly from the molecule best plane. The dihedral angle between the hydroxamic group and the pyridine ring is 5.6 (2)°. The conformation about the hydroxamic group C—N bond isZand that about the C—C bond between the pyridine and hydroxamic groups isE.
Crystal structure of 15-(2-chlorophenyl)-6b-hydroxy-17-methyl-6b,7,16,17-tetrahydro-7,14a-methanonaphtho[1′,8′:1,2,3]pyrrolo[3′,2′:8,8a]azuleno[5,6-b]quinolin-14(15H)-one
Authors: Joseph J. M. , Viswanathan Vijayan , Velmurugan Devadasan
Published: January 2016

In the title compound, C34H25ClN2O2, the fused pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom as the flap. The two adjacent cyclopentane rings also adopt envelope conformations. The mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring makes dihedral angles of 40.53 (10) and 80.23 (10)° with the mean planes of the cyclopentane rings. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the cyclopentane rings is 46.71 (9)°. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O, C—H...N and C—H...π interactions, forming a layer parallel to (10-2).
Crystal structure of 1-{3-(4-methylphenyl)-5-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl}ethan-1-one
Authors: Adam Farook , Smitha Kanathur , Charishma Sharath Poojary , Samshuddin Seranthimata , Ameram Nadiah
Published: January 2016

The title compound, C20H20N2O, was studied as a part of our work on pyrazoline derivatives. It represents atrans-isomer. The central pyrazoline ring adopts an envelope conformation with the asymmetric C atom having the largest deviation of 0.107 (1) Å from the mean plane. It forms dihedral angles of 6.2 (1) and 86.4 (1)° with the adjacentp-tolyl and styrene groups, respectively. In the crystal, C—H...O interactions link molecules into infinite chains along thecaxis.
Crystal structure of Sr2CdPt2containing linear platinum chains
Authors: Nawawi Effendi , Gulo Fakhili , Köhler Jürgen
Published: January 2016

The ternary intermetallic title phase, distrontium cadmium diplatinum, was prepared from stoichiometric amounts of the elements at 1123 K for one day. The crystal structure adopts the orthorhombic Ca2GaCu2structure type in space groupImmm. Its main features are characterized by linear (Pt—Pt...Pt—Pt)nchains that are aligned along [010] and condensed through cadmium atoms forming Cd-centred Pt2Cd2/2rectangles to build up sheets parallel to (001). These sheets are connected to each otherviaalternating (001) sheets of strontium atoms along [001]. The strontium sheets consists of corrugated Sr4units that are condensed to each other through edge-sharing parallel to [100].
Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-4-formyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide
Authors: Zhong Qi-Di , Hu Sheng-Quan , Yan Hong
Published: January 2016

In the title compound, C13H12N2O2(I), the mean planes of the pyrrole and benzyl rings are approximately perpendicular, forming a dihedral angle of 87.07 (4) °. There is an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond forming an S(7) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaa pair of N—H...O hydrogen bonds forming inversion dimers. C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the dimers into chains along direction [10-1]. The chains are further linked by weak C—H...π interactions forming layers parallel to theacplane.
Crystal structure of 1,3-bis{[4-(acetylsulfanyl)phenyl]ethynyl}azulene
Authors: Förster Sebastian , Seichter Wilhelm , Weber Edwin
Published: January 2016

In the title compound, C30H20O2S2, the dihedral angles between the central azulene ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.039 Å) and the pendant benzene rings are 28.96 (7) and 55.15 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings and their attached acetylsulfanyl groups are 59.60 (10) and 84.79 (10)°. The expected π–π stacking interactions are not observed in the crystal structure; instead, the packing features C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules intoC(12) [010] chains, which are supported by weak C—H...π contacts.
Exploring trainers’ engaging instructional practices: a collective case study
Authors: Arghode Vishal , Wang Jia
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This study aims to explore the phenomenon of training engagement from the trainers’ perspective. Specifically, two questions guided this inquiry. First, how do trainers define engagement in the training context? and What strategies do trainers use to engage trainees?

Design/methodology/approach

– The collective case study approach was adopted for this qualitative study. Seven cases were selected for in-depth analyses. Data were collected through individual, face-to-face interviews and analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method.

Findings

– Major findings suggest that engaging training practices take various forms. They include being trainee-centered, maximizing learning through entertaining and interesting instruction, accommodating different learning styles, eliciting trainee participation by creating an encouraging learning environment and connecting with trainees by building rapport early in a training session.

Research limitations/implications

– The small sample limits the generalizability of the findings. However, this study expands training literature by focusing on an under-explored research area, the role of engaging trainees in maximizing learning outcomes.

Practical implications

– For trainers, this study offered some specific strategies they can use to engage learners in the training context to achieve desired learning outcomes. In addition, the seven cases selected for this study may be used as a benchmark against which both experienced and novice trainers compared their own practices.

Originality/value

– This is one of very few qualitative studies with a focus on emotional aspects involved in training. The rich data from this study shed light on areas for future improvement, particularly regarding how to effectively engage trainees to maximize learning outcomes.
The flipped classroom, a review of the literature
Authors: Zuber William James
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore a set of literature in order to clarify the flipped classroom methods (FCM) theoretical frameworks and to determine if the evidence shows improvements in learning for students in comparison with traditional teaching methods.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper took a literature review approach and explored five articles selected with specific criteria of being published within 2013-2014 and that used comparisons with flipped and traditional classroom methods that employed analysis of student assessment outcomes.

Findings

– The paper shows inconsistent theoretical frameworks and inconclusive evidence of an improvement in assessment outcomes for students. It finds the research undertaken in the literature is limited in scope and suggests further research into the FCM is required to determine consistent theoretical frameworks and methods.

Research limitations/implications

– The findings of the paper may be limited by the selection of literature reviewed and generalisability therefore researchers are encouraged to explore further.

Practical implications

– The paper holds potential implications to question the consistency, validity and benefits of the flipped classroom.

Social implications

– Many anecdotal articles herald the flipped classroom as a method of improving learning outcomes for students, however, academic literature suggests the evidence is inconclusive and there are implications on using educational methods based on technology.

Originality/value

– The paper identifies the need for further research into the flipped classroom and supports the advancement of educational methodology.
The kaleidoscope called leadership
Authors: Bennett Robert J
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– Leadership is a complex concept that is discussed often in many books, blogs and articles, which try to identify those necessary traits to make one a leader. But leadership is ambiguous in that the characteristics that makes one a leader in one situation may not work and may even be detrimental in a similar one. Defining it is difficult, knowing it when you see it is easy. The purpose of this paper is to intend to make you aware of its complexity and your ability to become a leader yourself.

Design/methodology/approach

– By briefly comparing two successful but dissimilar leaders, the scope and breadth of leadership is introduced. Rather than attempting to define leadership, the paper proceeds to talk about what leadership is not, and why. It ends with an affirmation of our ability to become a leader and a “nudge” to develop those leadership skills we already possess.

Findings

– The paper suggests leadership is autological, something which defines itself, and that it is seen as different by every individual. It also proposes that we all have leadership traits within us and that whether we are consciously aware of it or not, we act as leaders every day.

Practical implications

– The thoughts this paper evokes can help those who are in leadership positions, those striving to become better leaders, and those who are not aware of their leadership potential by broadening their perspectives of leadership and our ability to attain it.

Originality/value

– This paper presents leadership in a unique manner, identifying its complexities while providing assurances it can be attained.
Transforming culture through personal and career empowerment
Authors: Craig Debbie
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– The world of work is shifting from traditional career paths, to relentless change, leaner structures, evolving roles and a need to find meaning through the work the author do. A new skill-set is required to survive and thrive in the new economy. The purpose of this paper is to explore how learning programs focused on personal and career empowerment can build these skills, increase engagement, enhance performance and impact culture positively.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper summarises these new skill-sets required and raises critical questions: how do we create an environment for self and career empowerment? How do we act as catalysts for cultural and social transformation? It then outlines an approach to discovering the answers based on experiences facilitating I am Talent workshops for personal and career empowerment. Key insights and suggestions for personal and career empowerment topics and tools are highlighted.

Findings

– The paper goes on to share the post-intervention impact results of a case study organisation, on culture, engagement, learning and performance.

Practical implications

– The paper covers some practical skill areas that can significantly improve work and life results, in a world that is dynamic, uncertain and continuously changing.

Social implications

– Millennials come with whole new set of expectations and preferences in the way they interact with work. In a South African context, this is compounded by our educational and skills crisis resulting in many work entrants not being sufficiently prepared for the new world of work.

Originality/value

– The learning programme is based on a book, I am Talent, by the author of this paper and is a unique approach to building personal and career empowerment.
Stakeholder identification and classification: a sustainability marketing perspective
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Rahman Zillur , Kazmi A. A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to review the literature on stakeholder identification and classification related to sustainability marketing from 1998 to 2012 and provides a generalized approach to stakeholder identification and classification in the field of sustainability marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

– Beginning with brief introductions of the key concepts, the research discusses landmark studies on the subject in detail. The review process then begins by identifying and selecting relevant research papers from various online databases. Finally, 60 research papers are found suitable for the review and are examined to theoretically analyze the stakeholder identification and classification schemes used in sustainability marketing literature.

Findings

– This study identifies trends of growth in stakeholder identification and classification literature. In addition, there are two major findings. First, stakeholder identification can be done with the help of previous studies, with support from managers or via a combination of both. Second, future research can adopt generic stakeholder classification schemes or relative classification schemes based on dimensions of sustainability to classify stakeholders in relation to sustainability marketing. In relative stakeholder classification, regulatory stakeholders may be considered separately.

Research limitations/implications

– While the literature review may be incomplete, as it uses only a title-based advanced search, researchers and practitioners can still benefit from this simplified approach to manage stakeholders.

Originality/value

– The study introduces a generalized approach to stakeholder identification and classification related to sustainability marketing and provides a bibliography from 1998 to 2012 that can be used by academics and managers.
An appreciative inquiry into the first export order
Authors: Crick Dave , Crick James
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This study aims to report on an investigation into decision-making leading to a UK firm’s first export order. It demonstrates the application of appreciative inquiry (AI) as an underutilised research method in marketing investigations.

Design/methodology/approach

– An AI research approach was undertaken in a firm that had not started exporting at the commencement of the study whereby the interventionist approach allowed the management team to overcome negative perceptions in their decision-making. From a research perspective, marketing decision-making could be understood in real time as opposed to in hindsight.

Findings

– While the key decision-maker is likely to be the owner/manager in small newly internationalising firms, a variety of factors will affect the decision to start exporting including the influence of the management team. In particular, the management team’s perceptions towards a combination of effectuation- and causation-based decision-making where risk/reward considerations in exploiting various international marketing opportunities are undertaken in light of perceived affordable losses, as well as against evolving objectives.

Originality/value

– The contribution is to demonstrate the AI methodology, which to date has received attention in management domains other than marketing; it offers an interventionist approach to help managers overcome barriers and move positively forward in decision-making. It offers researchers an opportunity to understand marketing decision-making in real time.
Brand avoidance among Generation Y consumers
Authors: Knittel Zana , Beurer Karolin , Berndt Adele
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this research is to explore the reasons for brand avoidance among Generation Y consumers. Researchers have traditionally focused on the positive relationship between consumers and brands, but, increasingly, consumers are consciously avoiding brands.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative study consisting of both focus groups and interviews was conducted among Generation Y participants.

Findings

– The findings support previous research that identifies four types of brand avoidance, namely, experiential, identity, moral and deficit-value avoidance. However, the study also suggests that an additional type of brand avoidance, namely, advertising avoidance, also occurs. Aspects of advertising that can contribute to brand avoidance include the content of the advertising, the use of a celebrity endorser and the music in the advertising, as well as the response to the advertising. This study thus proposes an expanded framework of brand avoidance.

Research limitations/implications

– This study has found support for the existing types and reasons impacting brand avoidance but suggests that advertising may also impact brand avoidance. This is an aspect that requires further research.

Practical implications

– For marketing managers, the findings suggest that not only can product experiences result in brand avoidance, but that advertising may be a further reason for this phenomenon.

Originality/value

– While there has been a great deal of attention on the positive aspects of brands, research on the negative aspects has largely been ignored. Further, the identification of advertising as a reason for brand avoidance is also suggested.
Marketing in a time of toxic leadership
Authors: Boddy Clive Roland , Croft Robin
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to knowledge by examining what happens to marketing in a time of toxic leadership, embodied in a corporate psychopath, in response to a call for marketers to seek a broader understanding of how marketing operates within organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

– Commentators have suggested that concepts outside the usual marketing domain may aid in the gaining of an intra-organisational understanding of how marketing operates. Here, the concept of corporate psychopathy was used to identify a psychopathic UK board director and chief executive officer (CEO) via a constructivist approach to research involving six in-depth interviews. A CEO and a main board director who were measurably psychopathic were studied via these reports.

Findings

– The paper examines how corporate psychopaths, as archetypal toxic leaders, are detrimental to marketing. Overseeing the marketing function within the UK part of an established and well-branded multi-national services company, corporate psychopaths capriciously dismantled the marketing initiatives that were in place and needlessly abandoned future marketing plans. Marketing services, marketing ethics, product quality and corporate reputation declined. Good marketers left.

Practical implications

– The research demonstrates the dangers to marketing of toxic leadership. The paper also suggests that marketing may be uniquely qualified to deal with toxic leaders because it can, through research, identify them through their effects and behaviour. The results illustrate the value of longitudinal qualitative market research in investigating complex organisational situations.

Originality/value

– The paper makes a unique contribution to the marketing field by empirically investigating, for the first time, the influence of a corporate psychopath director and a psychopathic CEO on the marketing function and practice. The research was conducted longitudinally using qualitative market research techniques via in-depth interviews over a two-year period. Longitudinal research aids in establishing causality, and this was evident in this research, as the negative influence of psychopathic leadership was monitored over time.
Visibility, resource sharing and performance in supply chain relationships: insights from humanitarian practitioners
Authors: Maghsoudi Amin , Pazirandeh Ala
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This paper aims to, by connecting to the ongoing conversation on the importance of supply chain visibility, empirically examine the impact of visibility in supply chain relationships, on resource sharing among and on the performance of humanitarian organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

– Survey data were collected from 101 humanitarian organizations in Southeast Asia. The organizations all experienced being interconnected within the supply chain relationships formed in humanitarian response settings. Data are used to test the conceptually developed model, using the structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) approach.

Findings

– Results show that visibility has a significant impact on resource sharing and the performance of the organizations, especially in terms of the willingness to share resources, resources used and flexibility of organizations. The results also show that, in situations of high uncertainty, the association between resource sharing and performance becomes weaker.

Research limitations/implications

– The study is limited to the method used.

Practical implications

– Findings of this research provide insights for humanitarian practitioners on the need to increase visibility of the scarce resources available within the relationships formed during a disaster relief operation to improve overall disaster response. The level of uncertainty in terms of needs assessment, number of affected people, location of a disaster and so forth, is also taken into account in the recommendations made.

Originality/value

– This study is among the first to empirically test the link between visibility, resource sharing and performance, specifically in a humanitarian context, which is among the critical success factors for better interorganizational coordination and better aid delivery.
Comprehensive insight into supplier quality and the impact of quality strategies of suppliers on outsourcing decisions
Authors: Uluskan Meryem , Joines Jeffrey A. , Godfrey A. Blanton
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– This study aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of the quality management (QM) systems in international suppliers (e.g. ISO, Total Quality Management, Lean and Six Sigma) on outsourcing decisions of buyer companies with regard to reshoring activities.

Design/methodology/approach

– By the means of a comprehensive survey data collected within USA textile and apparel industry, the authors identify four quality factors and compare these factors for international and domestic suppliers by the means of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and consequently define a reshore vector. Next, the most-effective QM system within international suppliers is analyzed by the means of a new application based on LDA.

Findings

– The results reveal that international suppliers perform worse for all quality factors compared to domestic USA suppliers, which may leave the door open for reshoring activities. Furthermore, it is shown that Lean and Six Sigma within international suppliers lead to superior levels of quality because they are aligned along the most opposite directions against reshore vector. Therefore, it is claimed that Lean and Six Sigma within the international suppliers can inhibit reshoring activities of US companies.

Practical implications

– The willingness of US textile companies to assist their international suppliers and the challenges on this subject are discussed on the basis that supplier development (or quality management) programs can be strong alternatives to reshoring activities.

Originality/value

– QM systems in suppliers are analyzed with a new method within a new context based on reshore phenomenon, which provides an essential point of view for academic and industrial environments.
Green House Adoption and Nursing Home Quality
Authors: Afendulis Christopher C. , Caudry Daryl J. , O'Malley A. James , Kemper Peter , Grabowski David C. ,   the THRIVE Research Collaborative
Published: January 2016

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the Green House (GH) model on nursing home resident‐level quality of care measures.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Resident‐level minimum data set (MDS) assessments merged with Medicare inpatient claims for the period 2005 through 2010.

Study Design

Using a difference‐in‐differences framework, we compared changes in care quality and outcomes in 15 nursing homes that adopted the GH model relative to changes over the same time period in 223 matched nursing homes that had not adopted the GH model.

Principal Findings

For individuals residing in GH homes, adoption of the model lowered readmissions and several MDS measures of poor quality, including bedfast residents, catheter use, and pressure ulcers, but these results were not present across the entire GH organization, suggesting possible offsetting effects for residents of non‐GH “legacy” units within the GH organization.

Conclusions

GH adoption led to improvement in rehospitalizations and certain nursing home quality measures for individuals residing in a GH home. The absence of evidence of a decline in other clinical quality measures in GH nursing homes should reassure anyone concerned that GH might have sacrificed clinical quality for improved quality of life.
The Impact of Green House Adoption on Medicare Spending and Utilization
Authors: Grabowski David C. , Afendulis Christopher C. , Caudry Daryl J. , O'Malley A. James , Kemper Peter ,   the THRIVE Research Collaborative
Published: January 2016

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the Green House (GH) model of nursing home care on Medicare acute hospital, other hospital, skilled nursing facility, and hospice spending and utilization.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Medicare claims and enrollment data from 2005 through 2010 merged with resident‐level minimum data set (MDS) assessments.

Study Design

Using a difference‐in‐differences framework, we compared Medicare Part A and hospice expenditures and utilization in 15 nursing homes that adopted the GH model relative to changes over the same time period in 223 matched nonadopting nursing homes. We applied the same method for residents of GH homes and for residents of “legacy” homes, the original nursing homes that stay open alongside the GH home(s).

Principal Findings

The adoption of GH had no detectable impact on Medicare Part A (plus hospice) spending and utilization across all residents living in the nursing home. When we analyzed residents living in GH homes and legacy units separately, however, we found that the adoption of the GH model reduced overall annual Medicare Part A spending by $7,746 per resident, although this appeared to be partially offset by an increase in spending in legacy homes.

Conclusions

To the extent that the GH model reduces Medicare spending, adopting nursing homes do not receive any of the related Medicare savings under traditional payment mechanisms. New approaches that are currently being developed and piloted, which better align financial incentives for providers and payers, could incentivize greater adoption of the GH model.
Partitioning of fungal assemblages across different marine habitats
Authors: Jeffries Thomas Charles , Curlevski Nathalie J. , Brown Mark Vincent , Harrison Daniel P. , Doblin Martina A. , Petrou Katherina , Ralph Peter J. , Seymour Justin R.
Published: January 2016

Fungi are a highly diverse group of microbes that fundamentally influence the biogeochemistry of the biosphere, but we currently know little about the diversity and distribution of fungi in aquatic habitats. Here we describe shifts in marine fungal community composition across different marine habitats, using targeted pyrosequencing of the fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Our results demonstrate strong partitioning of fungal community composition between estuarine, coastal and oceanic samples, with each habitat hosting discrete communities that are controlled by patterns in salinity, temperature, oxygen and nutrients. Whereas estuarine habitats comprised a significant proportion of fungal groups often found in terrestrial habitats, the open ocean sites were dominated by previously unidentified groups. The patterns observed here indicate that fungi are potentially a significant, although largely overlooked, feature of the ocean's microbiota, but greater efforts to characterize marine species are required before the full ecological and biogeochemical importance of marine fungi can be ascertained.
An Analysis of Altmetrics in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Barbic David , Tubman Michelle , Lam Henry , Barbic Skye
Published: January 2016

Objectives

Alternative‐level metrics (Altmetrics) are a new method to assess the sharing and spread of scientific knowledge. The primary objective of this study was to describe the traditional metrics and Altmetric scores of the 50 most frequently cited articles published in emergency medicine (EM) journals. Since many articles related to EM are published in other journals, the secondary aim of this study was to describe the Altmetric scores of the most frequently cited articles relevant to EM in other biomedical journals.

Methods

A structured search of the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science version of the Science Citation Index Expanded was conducted. The 200 most frequently cited articles in the top 10 EM journals (2011 Journal Citation Report) were identified. The 200 most frequently cited articles from the rest of the medical literature, matching a predefined list of keywords relevant to the specialty of EM, were identified. Two authors reviewed the lists of citations for relevance to EM and a consensus approach was used to arrive at the final lists of the top 50 cited articles. The Altmetric scores for the top 50 cited articles in EM and other journals were determined. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation were performed.

Results

The highest Altmetric score for EM articles was 25.0; the mean (±SD) was 1.9 (±5.0). The EM journal with the highest mean article Altmetric score was Resuscitation. The main clinical areas shared for articles from EM articles were trauma (mean ± SD = 11.0 ± 15.6, median = 11.0) and cardiac arrest (mean ± SD = 2.7 ± 5.8, median = 0). The highest Altmetric score for other journals was 176.0 (mean ± SD = 23.3 ± 40.8). The other journal with the highest mean article Altmetric score was the New England Journal of Medicine. The main clinical areas shared for articles were critical care (mean ± SD score = 36.5 ± 47.4, median = 36.5), sepsis (mean ± SD = 24.6 ± 48.8, median = 12.0), cardiology (mean ± SD = 19.2 ± 35.6, median = 7.0), and infectious diseases (mean ± SD = 17.0 ± 12.7, median = 17.0). Spearman correlation demonstrated weakly positive correlation between citation counts and Altmetric scores for EM articles and other journals.

Conclusions

This study is the first analysis of Altmetric scores for the top cited articles in EM. We demonstrated that there is a mild correlation between citation counts and Altmetric scores for the top papers in EM and other biomedical journals. We also demonstrated that there is a gap between the sharing of the top articles in EM journals and those related to EM in other biomedical journals. Future research to explore this relationship and its temporal trends will benefit the understanding of the reach and dissemination of EM research within the scientific community and society in general.
Is there a role for telemedicine in adult allergy services?
Authors: Krishna M. T. , Knibb R. C. , Huissoon A. P.
Published: January 2016

Telemedicine refers to the application of telecommunication and information technology (IT) in the delivery of health and clinical care at a distance or remotely and can be broadly considered in two modalities: store‐and‐forward and real‐time interactive services. Preliminary studies have shown promising results in radiology, dermatology, intensive care, diabetes, rheumatology and primary care. However, the evidence is limited and hampered by small sample sizes, paucity of randomized control studies and lack of data relating to cost‐effectiveness, health‐related quality of life and patient and clinician satisfaction. This review appraises the evidence from studies that have employed telemedicine tools in other disciplines and makes suggestions for its potential applications in specific clinical scenarios in adult allergy services. Possible examples include: triaging patients to determine the need for allergy tests; pre‐assessment for specialized treatments such as allergen immunotherapy, follow‐up to assess treatment response and side effects; and education in self‐management plan including training updates for self‐injectable adrenaline and nasal spray use. This approach might improve access for those with limited mobility or living far away from regional centres, as well as bringing convenience and cost savings for the patient and service provider. These potential benefits need to be carefully weighed against evidence of service safety and quality. Keys to success include delineation of appropriate clinical scenarios, patient selection, training, IT support and robust information governance framework. Well‐designed prospective studies are needed to evaluate its role.
RETRACTED: Peri‐implant bone loss clinical and radiographic evaluation around rough neck and microthread implants: a 5‐year study
Authors: Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , López‐López Patricia J. , Pérez‐Albacete Martínez Carlos , Javed Fawad , Granero‐Marín José Manuel , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo , Ramírez Fernández Maria Piedad
Published: January 2016

Objective

To evaluate marginal bone loss over 5 years around microthreaded implants placed in the maxillary anterior/esthetic zone and immediate restored with non‐occlusal loading.

Materials and methods

Seventy‐one implants (with microthreads up to the platform‐rough surface body and neck, internal connection and platform switching) were placed in healed bone in the maxillary arches of 30 men and 23 women (mean age 37.85 ± 7.09 years, range 27–60). All subjects had at least 3 mm of soft tissue to allow the establishment of adequate biologic width and to reduce bone resorption. Each patient received a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement with slight occlusal contact. Mesial and distal bone height was evaluated using digital radiography on the day following implant placement (baseline) and after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. Primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis.

Results

No implants failed, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 100% after 3 years. Marginal bone loss from implant collar to bone crest measured at baseline (peri‐implant bone defect at the fresh extraction socket) and after 5 years was 0.90 mm ± 0.26 mm. Mesial and distal site crestal bone loss ranged from 3.42 ± 1.2 mm at baseline to 3.51 ± 1.5 mm after 5 years and from 3.38 ± 0.9 mm at baseline to 3.49 ± 0.9 mm after 5 years, respectively (P = 0.086).

Conclusions

The results of this study showed limited implant crestal bone loss 0.90 mm ± 0.26 mm and 100% of implant survival rate at 5‐year follow‐up of immediate restored implants with rough surface neck and microthreads.
Butterfly community shifts over two centuries
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Segerer Andreas , Ulrich Werner , Torchyk Olena , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Schmitt Thomas
Published: January 2016

Environmental changes strongly impact the distribution of species and subsequently the composition of species assemblages. Although most community ecology studies represent temporal snap shots, long‐term observations are rather rare. However, only such time series allow the identification of species composition shifts over several decades or even centuries. We analyzed changes in the species composition of a southeastern German butterfly and burnet moth community over nearly 2 centuries (1840–2013). We classified all species observed over this period according to their ecological tolerance, thereby assessing their degree of habitat specialisation. This classification was based on traits of the butterfly and burnet moth species and on their larval host plants. We collected data on temperature and precipitation for our study area over the same period. The number of species declined substantially from 1840 (117 species) to 2013 (71 species). The proportion of habitat specialists decreased, and most of these are currently endangered. In contrast, the proportion of habitat generalists increased. Species with restricted dispersal behavior and species in need of areas poor in soil nutrients had severe losses. Furthermore, our data indicated a decrease in species composition similarity between different decades over time. These data on species composition changes and the general trends of modifications may reflect effects from climate change and atmospheric nitrogen loads, as indicated by the ecological characteristics of host plant species and local changes in habitat configuration with increasing fragmentation. Our observation of major declines over time of currently threatened and protected species shows the importance of efficient conservation strategies.
Climate determines vascular traits in the ecologically diverse genus Eucalyptus
Authors: Pfautsch Sebastian , Harbusch Marco , Wesolowski Anita , Smith Renee , Macfarlane Craig , Tjoelker Mark G. , Reich Peter B. , Adams Mark A.
Published: January 2016

Current theory presumes that natural selection on vascular traits is controlled by a trade‐off between efficiency and safety of hydraulic architecture. Hence, traits linked to efficiency, such as vessel diameter, should show biogeographic patterns; but critical tests of these predictions are rare, largely owing to confounding effects of environment, tree size and phylogeny. Using wood sampled from a phylogenetically constrained set of 28 Eucalyptus species, collected from a wide gradient of aridity across Australia, we show that hydraulic architecture reflects adaptive radiation of this genus in response to variation in climate. With increasing aridity, vessel diameters narrow, their frequency increases with a distribution that becomes gradually positively skewed and sapwood density increases while the theoretical hydraulic conductivity declines. Differences in these hydraulic traits appear largely genotypic in origin rather than environmentally plastic. Data reported here reflect long‐term adaptation of hydraulic architecture to water availability. Rapidly changing climates, on the other hand, present significant challenges to the ability of eucalypts to adapt their vasculature.
CAN FREUD EXPLAIN ATHEISM?
Authors: Wagner Martin
Published: January 2016

Despite the fact that Sigmund Freud repeatedly and critically dealt with the history of religion from its origins to the present, he hardly ever mentions the historical rise of atheism in modernity in his writings. Starting from this observation, I ask whether the historical emergence of atheism can be explained at all within the framework of Freud's theory of religion. In the first part of my article I concentrate on Freud's monograph Die Zukunft einer Illusion (1927), the only text on religion in which Freud directly deals with the history of atheism. In the second part of my article I turn to an essay by Jan Assmann, who sees in Freud's book Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion (1939) an implicit study of the prehistory of modern atheism. My contention is that Freud's and Assmann's attempts to build an explanation of the historical rise of atheism into Freud's theory of religion remain unsatisfactory.

Obwohl sich Sigmund Freud wiederholt kritisch mit der Geschichte der Religion von ihren Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart auseinandergesetzt hat, findet der historische Aufstieg des Atheismus in der Moderne kaum je Erwähnung in seinen Schriften. Ausgehend von dieser Beobachtung gehe ich der Frage nach, ob sich die Verbreitung des Atheismus im Rahmen von Freuds Religionskritik überhaupt schlüssig erklären lässt. Im ersten Teil meines Aufsatzes konzentriere ich mich auf Freuds Monographie Die Zukunft einer Illusion (1927), den einzigen religionskritischen Text im Gesamtwerk, in dem sich Freud direkt zur Geschichte des Atheismus äußert. Im zweiten Teil meines Aufsatzes wende ich mich einem Essay Jan Assmanns zu, der in Freuds Buch Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion (1939) eine implizite Studie zur Vorgeschichte des modernen Atheismus zu erkennen meint. Meine These ist, dass sowohl Freuds als auch Assmanns Versuche, innerhalb der Freud'schen Religionskritik ein Erklärungsmodell für das historische Aufkommen des Atheismus zu etablieren, in sich unschlüssig bleiben.
Mineralized periodontia in extinct relatives of mammals shed light on the evolutionary history of mineral homeostasis in periodontal tissue maintenance
Authors: LeBlanc Aaron R. H. , Reisz Robert R. , Brink Kirstin S. , Abdala Fernando
Published: January 2016

Aim

Dental ankylosis is a rare pathological condition in mammals, however, it is prevalent in their extinct relatives, the stem mammals. This study seeks to compare the mineralized state of the periodontal attachment apparatus between stem and crown mammals and discuss its implications for the evolution of non‐mineralized periodontal attachment in crown mammals, including humans.

Materials and Methods

Thin sections of a fossil mammal and three stem mammals were compared to reconstruct periodontal tissue development across distantly related lineages.

Results

Comparisons revealed that the extinct relatives of mammals possessed the same periodontal tissues as those in mammals, albeit in different arrangements. The ankylotic condition in stem mammals was achieved through extensive alveolar bone deposition, which eventually contacted the root cementum, thus forming a calcified periodontal ligament.

Conclusions

Dental ankylosis was part of the normal development of the stem mammal periodontium for millions of years prior to the evolution of a permanent gomphosis in mammals. Mammals may have evolved a permanent gomphosis by delaying the processes that produced dental ankylosis in stem mammals. Pathological ankylosis may represent a reversion to the ancestral condition, which now only forms via advanced ageing and pathology.