bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Snow Water Storage on Hydrologic Partitioning Across the Mountainous, Western United States
Authors: Hale K. E. , Musselman K. N. , Newman A. J. , Livneh B. , Molotch N. P.
Published: July 2023

In the montane western United States, where the majority of downstream water resources are derived from snowmelt, a warming climate threatens the timing and amount of future water availability. It is expected that the fraction of precipitation falling as snow will continue decreasing and the timing of snowmelt will continue shifting earlier in the year with unknown impacts on partitioning between evapotranspiration and streamflow. To assess this, we employ a Snow Storage Index (SSI) to represent the annual temporal phase difference between daily precipitation and daily modeled surface water inputs (SWI, the sum of rainfall and snowmelt), weighted by the respective amounts. We coupled the SSI metric with a Budyko‐based framework to determine the effect of snow water storage on relative hydrologic partitioning across snow‐influenced watersheds in the western U.S. Greater snow water storage was positively correlated with greater hydrologic partitioning to streamflow, particularly in the North Cascades/Cascades (r2: 0.62), Blue Mountains (r2: 0.56), Canadian Rockies (r2: 0.55), Idaho Batholith, (r2: 0.48), and Columbia Mountains/Northern Rockies (r2: 0.45). The weekly SWI:P ratio was an equally strong predictor for hydrologic partitioning, particularly in mid‐spring (e.g., March/April) in the same mountainous areas (r2: 0.62–0.74, across the same eco‐regions). The retention of snow water storage and subsequent release of stored water in summer months resulted in increased hydrologic partitioning to streamflow. If SSI decreases with future warming, the volume of water partitioned streamflow will decrease non‐uniformly across the western U.S. with substantial implications for ecosystems and agricultural, industrial, and domestic water supplies.
Development and validation of a knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire in the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Belogianni Katerina , Seed Paul Townsend , Lomer Miranda Clare Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Objective

To develop and validate a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices in the dietary management of IBS.

Subjects/Methods

An initial pool of 151 questions was generated addressing three domains (knowledge, attitudes, practices). Academic/senior clinical dietitians (n = 5) provided written feedback and a focus group (n = 4 gastroenterology dietitians) was undertaken to evaluate content and face validity of the question-items. Items considered irrelevant were removed and the refined questionnaire was administered to dietitians with different levels of IBS experience (n = 154) for further psychometric testing. Item reduction analysis was assessed by item difficulty index, discrimination index and point-biserial correlation. Construct validity was assessed via principal component analysis (PCA) and the ‘known-groups’ method. Internal reliability was assessed by Kuder–Richarson Formula 20 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and external reliability by interclass correlation coefficient among participants who completed the instrument at baseline and two weeks later (n = 28).

Results

Face and content validity resulted in the removal of 61 items from the initial 151 items. Psychometric testing was applied to the refined 90-item questionnaire administered to participating dietitians, resulting in the final 46-item questionnaire. Six factors were extracted by PCA with varimax rotation explaining 59.2% of the total variance. Partial confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (χ2/df = 2.11, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.05). Significant differences were found in sum scores among dietitians with different levels of IBS experience. Internal reliability was >0.7 for each factor. External reliability was >0.6 for each factor and >0.7 for overall items of each domain.

Conclusion

A validated questionnaire to use in practice and research to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in the dietary management of IBS has been developed.
PLSCR1 is a cell-autonomous defence factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Xu Dijin , Jiang Weiqian , Wu Lizhen , Gaudet Ryan G. , Park Eui-Soon , Su Maohan , Cheppali Sudheer Kumar , Cheemarla Nagarjuna R. , Kumar Pradeep , Uchil Pradeep D. , Grover Jonathan R. , Foxman Ellen F. , Brown Chelsea M. , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Bewersdorf Joerg , Mothes Walther , Karatekin Erdem , Wilen Craig B. , MacMicking John D.
Published: July 2023

Understanding protective immunity to COVID-19 facilitates preparedness for future pandemics and combats new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerging in the human population. Neutralizing antibodies have been widely studied; however, on the basis of large-scale exome sequencing of protected versus severely ill patients with COVID-19, local cell-autonomous defence is also crucial1–4. Here we identify phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) as a potent cell-autonomous restriction factor against live SARS-CoV-2 infection in parallel genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screens of human lung epithelia and hepatocytes before and after stimulation with interferon-γ (IFNγ). IFNγ-induced PLSCR1 not only restricted SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020, but was also effective against the Delta B.1.617.2 and Omicron BA.1 lineages. Its robust activity extended to other highly pathogenic coronaviruses, was functionally conserved in bats and mice, and interfered with the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in both the endocytic and the TMPRSS2-dependent fusion routes. Whole-cell 4Pi single-molecule switching nanoscopy together with bipartite nano-reporter assays found that PLSCR1 directly targeted SARS-CoV-2-containing vesicles to prevent spike-mediated fusion and viral escape. A PLSCR1 C-terminal β-barrel domain—but not lipid scramblase activity—was essential for this fusogenic blockade. Our mechanistic studies, together with reports that COVID-associated PLSCR1 mutations are found in some susceptible people3,4, identify an anti-coronavirus protein that interferes at a late entry step before viral RNA is released into the host-cell cytosol.
Maximal oxygen uptake prediction from submaximal bicycle ergometry using a differential model
Authors: Petelczyc Monika , Kotlewski Michał , Bruhn Sven , Weippert Matthias
Published: July 2023

The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) estimation has been a subject of research for many years. Cardiorespiratory measurements during incremental tests until exhaustion are considered the golden yard stick to assess VO2max. However, precise VO2max determination based on submaximal tests is attractive for athlete as well for clinical populations. Here, we propose and verify such a method based on experimental data. Using a recently developed model of heart rate (HR) and VO2 kinetics in graded exercise tests, we applied a protocol, which is terminated at 80% of the estimated maximal HR during ergometer cycling. In our approach, initially, formula for maximal HR is selected by retrospective study of a reference population (17 males, 23.5 ± 2.0 years, BMI: 23.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2). Next, the subjects for experimental group were invited (nine subjects of both sexes: 25.1 ± 2.1 years, BMI 23.2 ± 2.2 kg/m2). After calculation of maximal HR using cardiorespiratory recordings from the submaximal test, VO2max is predicted. Finally, we compared the prediction with the values from the maximal exercise test. The differences were quantified by relative errors, which vary from 1.2% up to 13.4%. Some future improvements for the procedure of VO2max prediction are discussed. The experimental protocol may be useful for application in rehabilitation assessment and in certain training monitoring settings, since physical exertion is not a prerequisite and the approach provides an acceptable VO2max estimation accuracy.
Multiplexed electrochemical detection of biomarkers in biological samples
Authors: Van Houten Justin , Dosajh Advikaa , Ogata Alana F.
Published: July 2023

The ability to detect multiple biological molecules using multiplexed electrochemical biosensors is critical for advancing disease diagnostic technologies. Many potential disease biomarkers can be detected in biological samples such as blood, saliva, urine, and sweat for non-invasive diagnostic tests. Multiplexed detection of biomarkers in biological samples can significantly improve the clinical accuracy of a diagnostic test, and multiplexed electrochemical methods are advantageous for the design of laboratory and point-of-care tests. This review discusses recent developments of electrochemical biosensors for multiplexed detection of clinically relevant biomarkers in biological samples. Multiplexed detection of small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids are highlighted. Additionally, we discuss challenges and future directions for translating multiplexed electrochemical biosensors to clinical applications.
Immobilization strategies for carbon electrode materials
Authors: Sarkar Prasenjit , Chaturvedi Ashwin , Gautam Rajeev K. , Devi Nilakshi , Sinha Soumalya
Published: July 2023

Carbon electrodes are of great interest in analytical and industrial electrochemistry. In addition, the “classical” carbon materials such as graphite, glassy carbon and carbon black have become decent choices for developing energy materials. The basic advantages of these materials include wide potential windows, inert redox activities, and low cost. Furthermore, the variety of carbon materials has made them more popular for applying carbon electrodes in catalyst support or battery technology. As the recent energy challenges seek more such materials for energy storage or performing fuel-forming reactions, finding strategies to incorporate catalysts into the carbon materials has been a promising research area. These strategies include physical adsorption or chemical grafting between the molecules (or catalysts) of interest and host carbon materials. Although a rich literature showcases the applications of molecules-immobilized carbon electrodes in electrocatalysis, the experimental details for the preparation of the heterogeneous carbon electrodes are typically provided in the Supporting Information documents and often become difficult to find based on web search. In this chapter, we attempt to gather such experimental conditions focusing on the strategies to incorporate molecular electrocatalysts onto carbon surfaces. In addition, we also included the strategies of how carbon materials are used to keep the fundamental ingredients of batteries immobilized to improve battery longevity.
MXenes based 2D nanostructures for supercapacitors
Authors: Adarakatti Prashanth S. , H. N. Sumedha
Published: July 2023

A supercapacitor is made up of three parts: separator, electrolyte, and electrodes. A supercapacitor's performance depends on electrodes with high porosity, chemical stability, and low electrical resistivity. MXenes are getting a lot of attention because of their high electrical conductivity, good mechanical properties, and Faraday pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism. They are being used in supercapacitor applications. MXenes electrochemical characteristics are very advantageous for energy storage applications. There are three different mechanisms for supercapacitors, which will be discussed completely in this chapter. Furthermore, MXene performance can be increased by modifying the surface groups, interlayer structures, electrode morphology, or by manufacturing a composite with an additional functional material. Manufacture of the MXene electrode for testing and analysis is a vital step in getting a supercapacitor with good performance. Choosing a good blend of materials to accompany MXene is also a vital step. It's hard to find anything else like MXenes when it comes to appealing and unique properties like high electronic conductivity, tunable layer structure, and chemistry.
Electrochemiluminescence of carbon-based quantum dots
Authors: Amiri M. , Afshary H. , Sefid-Sefidehkhan Y.
Published: July 2023

Carbon-based quantum dots, including carbon and graphene dots, with exceptional optical, electrical, and chemical properties, have widely attracted interests in various applications such as drug delivery and gene transfer, biological imaging, sensing, food safety, photodynamic/photothermal therapy, and energy applications. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors based on carbon and graphene dots have demonstrated promising potential and quick progress recently and have also found fantastic achievements. Deep insight into the applications of carbon and graphene dots in ECL sensing platforms will benefit the design of advanced sensors in the future. In this chapter, a general description of the basic ECL mechanisms, a brief description of carbon and graphene dots synthesis and characterization, and application of them in ECL sensing of various targets like metal ions, proteins, DNA, small molecules, and cells are discussed.
Electrochemical deposition of ferrites
Authors: Sonawane Supriya Sandeep , Sinha Bhavesh , Vasantkumar  , Chaudhari Sharvil
Published: July 2023

Ferrites, ever since invented, have been of great value to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This review will take you through the past and the possibilities of synthesizing ferrite thin films with the help of electrochemical deposition. With their growing applications, electrochemically deposited ferrite thin films leave us with the hope of being further developed or synthesized in a way deemed fit to be used for microwave detection and magnetic devices. Ferrites have received considerable attention due to their tuneable magnetization properties, low cost, and possible applications in high-frequency electronics. In this chapter, we have summarized the electrochemical deposition techniques of ferrites and their ferromagnetic response, which are used in various microwave device fields.
SiC3N3 monolayer as a universal anode for alkali metal-ion batteries
Authors: Xia Xiaoying , Wu Jianze , Cai Xu , Liu Bao , Wang Zhaoxin , Zhang Yongfan , Huang Shuping
Published: July 2023

Silicon doping in g-CN (SiC3N3) can solve the problems of too high adsorption ability and migration energy barrier commonly found in porous carbon nitride.
Halogen-modified metal–organic frameworks for efficient separation of alkane from natural gas
Authors: Song Zhirong , Zheng Yanchun , Chen Yiqi , Cai Youlie , Wei Rong-Jia , Gao Junkuo
Published: July 2023

Pillar-layered MOFs, Ni (BDC)(DABCO)0.5 (DMOF-X), modified by halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br), were investigated for CH4/C2H6/C3H8 separation performance. DMOF-Cl demonstrated great potential as an adsorbent for the efficient separation of C3H8 and C2H6 from CH4.
Magnesium complexes supported by a dianionic double layer nitrogen–phosphorus ligand: a synthesis and reactivity study
Authors: Li Yafei , Chen Pengfei , Zhu Qin , Zhu Congqing
Published: July 2023

A series of heterobimetallic clusters containing magnesium and coinage metals were stabilized using a dianionic double layer nitrogen–phosphorus ligand.
Recent advances in porous molecular cages for photocatalytic organic conversions
Authors: Peng Yaoyao , Su Zhifang , Jin Meng , Zhu Lei , Guan Zong-Jie , Fang Yu
Published: July 2023

Photocatalytic organic conversion is considered an efficient, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving strategy for organic synthesis. Porous molecular cages exhibit significant potential in the realm of photocatalytic organic conversion.
Unprecedented hetero-coordinated Ir(C^N)2tmd complexes containing both five- and six-membered Ir-(C^N) rings based on phenanthrylpyridine ligands: syntheses, crystal structures and photophysical properties
Authors: Liu Sen , Wang Mengyun , Hou Tianjiao , Shen Xuan
Published: July 2023

By using 2-(9-phenanthryl)pyridine (phpyr) and its derivatives as cyclometalated ligands, we synthesized a set of isomeric red-emitting complexes Ir(phpyr-R)2tmd with different coordinated modes.
Novel oxoisochromene synthesisviachemoselective O–H insertion of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and subsequent Pd-catalyzed intramolecular arylation reaction
Authors: Korawat Harshita Singh , Saini Manoj Kumar , Prajapati Karmdeo , Basak Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2023

Chemoselective O–H insertion of 1,3-diketones under transition metal-free conditions gives rise to vinyl ethers; Subsequent Pd-catalyzed intramolecularO-arylation of vinyl ethers leads to novel oxoisochromenes.
Structural and functional characterization of a mycobacterial methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase utilizing NADH as the exclusive cofactor
Authors: Li Jiacong , Yang Mingxia , Li Weijia , Lu Chujie , Feng Deyu , Shang Zhuo , Wang Chengyuan , Lin Wei
Published: July 2023

5,10-Methylenetetraydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism. MSMEG_6649, a non-canonical MTHFR from Mycobacterium smegmatis, was previously reported as a monomeric protein lacking the flavin coenzyme. However, the structural basis for its unique flavin-independent catalytic mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we determined the crystal structures of apo MTHFR MSMEG_6649 and its complex with NADH from M. smegmatis. Structural analysis revealed that the groove formed by the loops 4 and 5 of non-canonical MSMEG_6649 interacting with FAD was significantly larger than that of canonical MTHFR. Meanwhile, the NADH-binding site in MSMEG_6649 is highly similar to the FAD binding site in canonical MTHFR, suggesting that NADH plays the same role (immediate hydride donor for methylenetetraydrofolate) as FAD in the catalytic reaction. Using biochemical analysis, molecular modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis, the critical residues participating in the binding of NADH and the substrate 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate as well as the product 5-methyltetrahydrofolate were identified and validated. Taken together, this work not only provides a good starting point for understanding the potential catalytic mechanism for MSMEG_6649, but also identifies an exploitable target for the development of anti-mycobacterial drugs.
Underwater image clarifying based on human visual colour constancy using double‐opponency
Authors: Kong Bin , Qian Jing , Song Pinhao , Yang Jing , Hussain Amir
Published: July 2023

Underwater images are often with biased colours and reduced contrast because of the absorption and scattering effects when light propagates in water. Such images with degradation cannot meet the needs of underwater operations. The main problem in classic underwater image restoration or enhancement methods is that they consume long calculation time, and often, the colour or contrast of the result images is still unsatisfied. Instead of using the complicated physical model of underwater imaging degradation, we propose a new method to deal with underwater images by imitating the colour constancy mechanism of human vision using double‐opponency. Firstly, the original image is converted to the LMS space. Then the signals are linearly combined, and Gaussian convolutions are performed to imitate the function of receptive fields (RFs). Next, two RFs with different sizes work together to constitute the double‐opponency response. Finally, the underwater light is estimated to correct the colours in the image. Further contrast stretching on the luminance is optional. Experiments show that the proposed method can obtain clarified underwater images with higher quality than before, and it spends significantly less time cost compared to other previously published typical methods.
A novel frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar‐based power line detection method exploiting the Bragg angle
Authors: Chen Chunfeng , Hu Changyu , Zhou Jianjiang
Published: July 2023

A novel power line detection method exploiting the Bragg point of power line is proposed in this paper. First, the radar echo of power line is divided into multi‐band along the frequency dimensional with incomplete repetition at equal intervals. Then, the candidate power lines in the echo of each frequency band can be found exploiting the Hough transform and constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Since the Bragg angle of the power line will change with frequency while that of the artefacts is fixed, the power lines can be easily detected from the background by exploiting unique frequency feature of Bragg angle of power line.
Airborne radar forward‐looking image enhancing algorithm based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Li Fangning , Wu Di , Zhu Daiyin , Shen Mingwei
Published: July 2023

Radar forward‐looking imaging is gaining significance in various applications like battlefield reconnaissance, target surveillance, and precision guidance. Although synthetic aperture radar techniques provide high azimuth resolution but faced limitations in forward‐looking area due to the poor Doppler resolution and the “left‐right” ambiguity problem. Recently, generative adversarial networks have been extensively used for image motion blur removal. This letter proposes an end‐to‐end forward‐looking image enhancing network using generative adversarial network to produce high‐resolution images, improving the efficiency, and quality of imaging. Compared to conventional methods such as the deconvolution‐based methods, this algorithm eliminates the need for design and iterative processes of the observation matrix. Simulated and real radar data validate that this approach offers robust recovery and better performance.
Sizing, economic, and reliability analysis of photovoltaics and energy storage for an off‐grid power system in Jordan
Authors: Seward William , Chi Lixun , Qadrdan Meysam , Allahham Adib , Alawasa Khaled
Published: July 2023

Remote areas in Jordan often rely on expensive and polluting diesel generators to meet their electricity demand. This study investigates 100% renewable solutions to supply the electricity demand of off‐grid energy systems through optimal sizing of photovoltaics and energy storage systems. A linear programming approach is proposed to minimise the annualised cost of electricity supply including capital costs of equipment and their operation and maintenance costs. The optimisation determines the size of photovoltaics and energy storage required to satisfy electricity demand at every hour of a selected year. A Jordan campsite was used as a case study to assess and compare the performance of PV‐battery storage and PV‐hydrogen storage systems from economic and reliability perspectives. The results show that hydrogen storage was more economical for a 100% renewable energy system. However, introducing some diesel generation gave the battery system a significantly lower annualised cost of energy.
Research on inter‐turn short‐circuit fault of power transformer by using third harmonic
Authors: Su Zhonghuan , Luo Longfu
Published: July 2023

The inter‐turn short‐circuit fault of a power transformer has a large current in the winding, which will cause serious heating and deformation of the winding and may threaten the safety of the power transformer. Under this background, this paper proposes a scheme based on open‐delta voltage monitoring and identification of inter‐turn short circuits in power transformers. First, the mathematical modeling and analysis of the principle of inter‐turn short‐circuit monitoring of power transformers are carried out, and the mathematical expression to characterize power transformers with different short‐circuit turns are given. Second, the magnetic field distribution of the power transformer under different short‐circuit conditions, the relationship between the eigenvalue and the number of short‐circuit turns etc. are given. Finally, the experimental study verifies the correctness of the proposed scheme.
A memetic algorithm for high‐strength covering array generation
Authors: Guo Xu , Song Xiaoyu , Zhou Jian‐tao , Wang Feiyu , Tang Kecheng , Wang Zhuowei
Published: July 2023

Covering array generation (CAG) is the key research problem in combinatorial testing and is an NP‐complete problem. With the increasing complexity of software under test and the need for higher interaction covering strength t, the techniques for constructing high‐strength covering arrays are expected. This paper presents a hybrid heuristic memetic algorithm named QSSMA for high‐strength CAG problem. The sub‐optimal solution acceptance rate is introduced to generate multiple test cases after each iteration to improve the efficiency of constructing high‐covering strength test suites. The QSSMA method could successfully build high‐strength test suites for some instances where t up to 15 within one day cutoff time and report five new best test suite size records. Extensive experiments demonstrate that QSSMA is a competitive method compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Planetary evolution with atmospheric photoevaporation
Authors: Affolter L. , Mordasini C. , Oza A. V. , Kubyshkina D. , Fossati L.
Published: July 2023

Context. Observations by the Kepler satellite have revealed a gap between larger sub-Neptunes and smaller super-Earths that atmospheric escape models had predicted as an evaporation valley prior to discovery.

Aims. We seek to contrast results from a simple X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV)-driven energy-limited escape model against those from a direct hydrodynamic model. The latter calculates the thermospheric temperature structure self-consistently, including cooling effects such as thermal conduction. Besides XUV-driven escape, it also includes the boil-off escape regime where the escape is driven by the atmospheric thermal energy and low planetary gravity, catalysed by stellar continuum irradiation. We coupled these two escape models to an internal structure model and followed the planets’ temporal evolution.

Methods. To examine the population-wide imprint of the two escape models and to compare it to observations, we first employed a rectangular grid, tracking the evolution of planets as a function of core mass and orbital period over gigayear timescales. We then studied the slope of the valley also for initial conditions derived from the observed Kepler planet population.

Results. For the rectangular grid, we find that the power-law slope of the valley with respect to orbital period is −0.18 and −0.11 in the energy-limited and hydrodynamic model, respectively. For the initial conditions derived from the Kepler planets, the results are similar (−0.16 and −0.10). While the slope found with the energy-limited model is steeper than observed, the one of the hydrodynamic model is in excellent agreement with observations. The reason for the shallower slope is caused by the two regimes in which the energy-limited approximation fails. The first one are low-mass planets at low-to-intermediate stellar irradiation. For them, boil-off dominates mass loss. However, boil-off is absent in the energy-limited model, and thus it underestimates escape relative to the hydrodynamic model. The second one are massive compact planets at high XUV irradiation. For them, the energy-limited approximation overestimates escape relative to the hydrodynamic model because of cooling by thermal conduction, which is neglected in the energy-limited model.

Conclusions. The two effects act together in concert to yield, in the hydrodynamic model, a shallower slope of the valley that agrees very well with observations. We conclude that a hydrodynamic escape model that includes boil-off and a more realistic treatment of cooling mechanisms can reproduce one of the most important constraints for escape models, the valley slope.
TOI-2084 b and TOI-4184 b: Two new sub-Neptunes around M dwarf stars
Authors: Barkaoui K. , Timmermans M. , Soubkiou A. , Rackham B. V. , Burgasser A. J. , Chouqar J. , Pozuelos F. J. , Collins K. A. , Howell S. B. , Simcoe R. , Melis C. , Stassun K. G. , Tregloan-Reed J. , Cointepas M. , Gillon M. , Bonfils X. , Furlan E. , Gnilka C. L. , Almenara J. M. , Alonso R. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Bonavita M. , Bouchy F. , Burdanov A. , Chinchilla P. , Davoudi F. , Delrez L. , Demangeon O. , Dominik M. , Demory B.-O. , de Wit J. , Dransfield G. , Ducrot E. , Fukui A. , Hinse T. C. , Hooton M. J. , Jehin E. , Jenkins J. M. , Jørgensen U. G. , Latham D. W. , Garcia L. , Carrazco-Gaxiola S. , Ghachoui M. , Gómez Maqueo Chew Y. , Günther M. N. , McCormac J. , Murgas F. , Murray C. A. , Narita N. , Niraula P. , Pedersen P. P. , Queloz D. , Rebolo-López R. , Ricker G. , Sabin L. , Sajadian S. , Schanche N. , Schwarz R. P. , Seager S. , Sebastian D. , Sefako R. , Sohy S. , Southworth J. , Srdoc G. , Thompson S. J. , Triaud A. H. M. J. , Vanderspek R. , Wells R. D. , Winn J. N. , Zúñiga-Fernández S.
Published: July 2023

We present the discovery and validation of two TESS exoplanets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-2084 b, and TOI-4184b. We characterized the host stars by combining spectra from Shane/Kast and Magellan/FIRE, spectral energy distribution analysis, and stellar evolutionary models. In addition, we used Gemini-South/Zorro & -North/Alopeke high-resolution imaging, archival science images, and statistical validation packages to support the planetary interpretation. We performed a global analysis of multi-colour photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities in order to derive the stellar and planetary physical parameters for each system. We find that TOI-2084 band TOI-4184 bare sub-Neptune-sized planets with radii of Rp = 2.47 ± 0.13R⊕ and Rp = 2.43 ± 0.21 R⊕, respectively. TOI-2084 b completes an orbit around its host star every 6.08 days, has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 527 ± 8 K and an irradiation of Sp = 12.8 ± 0.8 S⊕. Its host star is a dwarf of spectral M2.0 ± 0.5 at a distance of 114 pc with an effective temperature of Teff = 3550 ± 50 K, and has a wide, co-moving M8 companion at a projected separation of 1400 au. TOI-4184 b orbits around an M5.0 ± 0.5 type dwarf star (Kmag = 11.87) each 4.9 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 412 ± 8 K and an irradiation of Sp = 4.8 ± 0.4 S⊕. TOI-4184 is a metal poor star ([Fe/H] = −0.27 ± 0.09 dex) at a distance of 69 pc with an effective temperature of Teff = 3225 ± 75 K. Both planets are located at the edge of the sub-Jovian desert in the radius-period plane. The combination of the small size and the large infrared brightness of their host stars make these new planets promising targets for future atmospheric exploration with JWST.
Critical accretion rates for rapidly growing massive Population III stars
Authors: Nandal Devesh , Regan John A. , Woods Tyrone E. , Farrell Eoin , Ekström Sylvia , Meynet Georges
Published: July 2023

Efforts to understand the origin and growth of massive black holes observed in the early Universe have spurred significant interest in the evolution and fate of rapidly accreting primordial (metal-free) stars. Here, we investigate the evolution of such Population III (PopIII) stars under variable accretion rates, focusing on the thermal response and stellar structure, the impact of the luminosity wave encountered early in the pre-main sequence (pre-MS) phase, and the influence of accretion on their subsequent evolution. We employ the Geneva stellar evolution code and simulate ten models with varying accretion histories, covering a final mass range from 491 M⊙ to 6127 M⊙. Our findings indicate that the critical accretion rate delineating the red and blue supergiant regimes during the pre-MS evolution is approximately 2.5 × 10−2 M⊙ yr−1. Once core hydrogen burning commences, the value of this critical accretion rate drops to 7.0 × 10−3 M⊙ yr−1. Moreover, we also confirm that the Kelvin–Helmholtz timescale in the outer surface layers is the more relevant timescale for determining the transition between red and blue phases. Regarding the luminosity wave, we find that it affects only the early pre-MS phase of evolution and does not directly influence the transition between red and blue phases, which primarily depends on the accretion rate. Finally, we demonstrate that variable accretion rates significantly impact the lifetimes, surface enrichment, and final mass of the PopIII stars, as well as the time they spend in the red phase. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate evolutionary patterns of PopIII stars subjected to variable accretion rates.
WHO-Leitlinie zu Screening und Behandlung von
präkanzerösen Zervixläsionen für die
Prävention von Gebärmutterhalskrebs (2. Auflage)
Authors: Harlfinger Julia , Sommer Isolde , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund Gebärmutterhalskrebs ist weltweit ein
maßgebliches Gesundheitsproblem. Screenings zur
Sekundärprävention haben das Ziel, Morbidität und
Mortalität zu senken. Ziel Die Leitlinie bietet einen
aktualisierten und erweiterten Überblick zur Prävention von
Gebärmutterhalskrebs durch Screening und Therapie.

Methode Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) erarbeitete diese Leitlinie
gemäß WHO-Standards. Ein Team des WHO Collaborating Centre an
der Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (Österreich) hat
die Zusammenfassung der zweiten Auflage aus dem Englischen
übersetzt.

Ergebnisse Die aktualisierte und erweiterte Leitlinie enthält 23
Empfehlungen und sieben Good-Practice-Statements – diese beziehen sich
u. a. auf Screeningmethoden, Testabfolge, Altersgruppen und Intervalle.
Eine von zwei angesprochenen Zielgruppen sind Frauen aus der
Allgemeinbevölkerung ohne bekanntes Risiko – diese Population
soll ab einem Alter von 30 Jahren alle fünf bis zehn Jahre gescreent
werden. Zweite Zielgruppe sind HIV-positive Frauen, für die Screenings
ab einem Alter von 25 Jahren im Abstand von drei bis fünf Jahren
angeboten werden sollen. Als Primärscreening sind in erster Linie
HPV-DNA-Tests empfohlen, ggf. ergänzt durch einen weiteren Test im
Rahmen einer Triage, um über weitere Interventionen zu entscheiden.
Der skapholunäre Bandapparat (SL-Band): Anatomie, Klinik und
Diagnostik
Authors: Stromps Jan-Philipp
Published: July 2023

Das Handgelenk ist das komplexeste Gelenk des menschlichen Körpers, mit
verschiedenen kleineren Einzelgelenken, an denen die jeweiligen Knochen,
unzählige Bänder und Kapseln beteiligt sind. Dem Bandapparat
zwischen dem Kahn- und dem Mondbein, dem Skapholunären Band (SL-Band),
kommt dabei eine besondere, stabilisierende Rolle zu, da es die Artikulation
zwischen dem Unterarm in der Form des Radius und der proximalen Handgelenksreihe
ermöglicht.
Therapie der SL-Bandruptur, SLAC-Wrist und
Folgeoperationen
Authors: Seyhan Harun
Published: July 2023

Die Arthroskopie des Handgelenks stellt den Goldstandart der Diagnostik von
SL-Bandverletzungen dar. Diese sollte bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine frische
Bandruptur möglichst bald, zumindest innerhalb 1 Woche nach dem Trauma
erfolgen, um bei Diagnosesicherung die umgehende primäre Bandnaht
durchführen zu können.
Schmerzfrei durch konservatives Vorgehen: Handtherapie bei
SL-Band-Ruptur
Authors: Dopfer Barbara
Published: July 2023

Es liegt zwischen Kahn- und Mondbein und spielt für die
Stabilität des Handgelenks eine große Rolle: das
skapholunäre Band (SL-Band). Reißt das Band, kann ein neues
konservatives Trainingsprogramm Patient*innen helfen, die
Hand wieder schmerzfrei und im gewohnten Ausmaß zu bewegen.
Open Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Patel Priyesh N. , Most Sam P.
Published: July 2023

Preservation of native nasal structures in rhinoplasty has aesthetic and functional benefits. This ideology can be implemented within open surgical approaches and in the context of structural modifications of the nose, particularly the nasal tip (structural preservation). In addition, modifications of preservation techniques and hybrid approaches to the osseocartilaginous vault have resulted in expanded indications for preservation of the nasal dorsum. These modifications and indications, as well as septal management in preservation cases, are discussed here in the context of an open approach. Importantly, patient-reported measures suggest that both preservation and structural approaches can yield excellent outcomes. An understanding and integration of both techniques offer great versatility for the rhinoplasty surgeon.
Reduce the magnetic damping of Pt/ferromagnet heterostructures by inserting a Hf spacer layer
Authors: Wang Yangping , Cao Cuimei , Xue Kelei , Zhan Qingfeng
Published: July 2023

We investigated the effect of the Hf spacer layer on the magnetic damping of Pt/ferromagnet (FM) heterostructures by using broadband ferromagnetic resonance. The magnetic damping of Pt/Co is reduced greatly and then enhanced slightly as the thickness of the Hf spacer layer increases, which is ascribed to the competition of the magnetic proximity effect, the anti-damping behavior, and the spin-pumping effect occurring at the interface. The 3-nm-thick Hf spacer layer results in a maximum reduction rate as high as 48.8% for the magnetic damping of the Pt/Co samples. The reduction of magnetic damping by the Hf spacer layer was additionally demonstrated in the heterostructures of Pt/NiFe and Pt/CoFeB, which suggests the universal tuning effect of the Hf spacer layer on the magnetic damping of Pt/FM systems.
Full Heusler Fe2CrAl nanogranular films produced by pulsed laser deposition for magnonic applications
Authors: Andrade V. M. , Checca N. R. , de Paula V. G. , Pirota K. R. , Rossi A. L. , Garcia F. , Vovk A. , Bunyaev S. A. , Kakazei G. N.
Published: July 2023

Obtaining Heusler alloys at the nanoscale with good crystallographic features is appealing for a large range of technological applications, from biomedical to spintronics devices. In particular, Fe2CrAl as bulk is known to present magnetic properties that are strongly sensitive to chemical and physical constraints, such as structural disorder and chemical composition. We report a throughout structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization of Fe2CrAl Heusler nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser deposition technique. The nanoparticles are composed of slightly off-stoichiometric grains with two distinct morphologies where the role of chemical disorder and inhomogeneity on the magnetic behavior was evaluated. Through DC magnetization measurements, a superparamagnetic behavior is observed and a Gilbert damping of 9×10−3 is acquired from broadband ferromagnetic resonance data, which is comparable with standard materials used for magnonics applications. We discuss the complex magnetostructural coupling that rises on the nanoparticle system, comparing these results with the stoichiometric Fe2CrAl bulk target behavior.
Hydrogen peroxide promotes zinc deposition nucleation and boosts the reversibility of aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Hu Zehao , Yuan Zhixuan , Chen Hongzhan , Zhou Ming , Chen Jian , Xie Fangyan , Wang Nan , Jin Yanshuo , Meng Hui
Published: July 2023

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are a promising option for rechargeable energy storage devices. However, their performance is limited by the growth of zinc dendrites that can cause short circuits. Our research shows that adding a certain percentage of hydrogen peroxide solution to the electrolyte can effectively inhibit the irregular and non-planar growth of zinc dendrite crystals. This additive alters the deposition pattern of zinc and reduces surface roughness. Our experimental results indicate that the electrolyte with H2O2 can increase the cycle life by about 13 times compared to the electrolyte without the additive, extending it to 1057 h. The mechanism analysis reveals that H2O2 replaces H2O in forming hydrated zinc ions and facilitates zinc deposition during charging. Additionally, H2O2 significantly lowers the over-potential for zinc dendrite nucleation and suppresses the tip effect, leading to a uniform zinc morphology. This simple and eco-friendly electrolyte additive provides a strategy to regulate the deposition behavior of zinc.
Violet phosphorus with high-index and low-loss: A promising candidate for nanophotonics applications
Authors: Cai Yuhang , Zhang Liang , He Yi , She Wenjing , Cai Wenfeng , Wang Yanhao , Gan Yichen , Liu Yanjun , Cheng Chun , Zhang Jinying , Shin Sunmi , Guo Liang
Published: July 2023

The recent synthesis and characterization of violet phosphorus (VP) demonstrate that it is the most stable allotrope of phosphorus, which could become a promising 2D layered semiconductor with potential applications in optoelectronic and electronic devices. However, experiments exploring the complex refractive index or permittivity have yet to be performed, hindering further application access. Due to the small size of the VP crystal sample available by the current growth method, the measurement for the complex refractive index is challenging. In this work, coherent acoustic phonon spectroscopy was performed first in the a–b plane using polarization-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy, revealing negligible anisotropy in the refractive index in the VIS–NIR regime (400–1000 nm). Then, the non-polarized reflectance spectra of VP films with different thicknesses on Si in the VIS–NIR regime were collected. The complex refractive index spectra were obtained by fitting the reflectance spectra with Fresnel's law considering multiple reflections in thin films. It was found that VP has high refractive indices and low extinction coefficients in the spectral range of 560–1000 nm, based on which a metasurface with VP nanodisks could achieve a high reflection band in the VIS–NIR regime by simulation. These results unveil the striking potential of VP for nanophotonics applications.
Ab initio calculations of structural stability, thermodynamic and elastic properties of Ni, Pd, Rh, and Ir at high pressures
Authors: Smirnov N. A.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents results of a comprehensive study from first principles into the properties of Ni, Pd, Rh, and Ir crystals under pressure. We calculated elastic constants, phonon spectra, isotherms, Hugoniots, sound velocities, relative structural stability, and phase diagrams. It is shown that in nickel and palladium under high pressures (>0.14 TPa) and temperatures (>4 kK), the body-centered cubic structure is thermodynamically most stable than of the face-centered cubic one. Calculated results suggest that nickel under Earth-core conditions (P∼0.3 TPa, T∼6 kK) have a bcc structure. No structural changes were found to occur in Rh and Ir under pressures to 1 TPa at least. This paper also provides estimations for the pressure and temperature at which the metals of interest begin to melt under shock compression.
Molecular electronics: an Australian perspective
Authors: Reimers Jeffrey R. , Low Paul J.
Published: July 2023

Molecular electronics is a scientific endeavour that, for 60 years, has offered the promise of new technologies in which molecules integrate with, if not entirely replace, semiconductor electronics. En route to the attainment of these ambitious goals, central aspects underpinning the pursuit of this science have proven critical to the development of related technologies, including organic photovoltaics (OPV) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Looking ahead, new opportunities in the field abound, from the study of molecular charge transport and the elucidation of molecular reaction mechanisms, to the development of biocompatible and degradable electronics, and the construction of novel chemical sensors with exquisite sensitivity and specificity. This article reviews historical developments in molecular electronics, with a particular focus on Australia’s contributions to the area. Australia’s current activity in molecular electronics research is also summarised, highlighting the capacity to both advance fundamental knowledge and develop new technologies. Scientific aspects considered include capabilities in: single molecule and molecular–monolayer junction measurement; spectroscopic analysis of molecular components and materials; synthetic chemistry; computational analysis of molecular materials and junctions; and the development of theoretical concepts that describe the electrical characteristics of molecular components, materials and putative device structures. Technological aspects considered include various aspects of molecular material design and implementation, such as: OPV and OLED construction, sensing technologies and applications, and power generation from heat gradients or friction. Missing capabilities are identified, and a future pathway for Australian scientific and technological development envisaged.
Exploring colorimetric detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate using micelle solubilised porphyrin
Authors: Taylor Chloe M. , Breadmore Michael C. , Kilah Nathan L.
Published: July 2023

The harmful pollutant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is difficult to detect without extensive laboratory equipment used by trained personnel. Herein, we report the use of a micelle-encapsulated porphyrin host molecule as a rapid colorimetric indicator for PFOS and its anionic salts. A range of common commercially available surfactants were tested and optimised to encapsulate the hydrophobic highly pigmented porphyrin sensor molecule. This method was used for the detection of PFOS in aqueous solutions at concentrations as low as 3 ppm. Colour space RGB information was extracted from a mobile phone photograph and parameterised, allowing for threshold PFOS detection, demonstrating the applicability of this method as an easily accessible approach to inform an untrained user.
On the possibility of classical vacuum polarization and magnetization
Authors: Fumeron Sébastien , Moraes Fernando , Berche Bertrand
Published: July 2023

It is common practice to take for granted the equality (up to the constant ɛ
0) of the electric displacement (D) and electric (E) field vectors in vacuum. The same happens with the magnetic field (H) and the magnetic flux density (B) vectors (up to the constant

μ
0

−
1

). The fact that gravity may change this by effectively inducing dielectric or magnetic responses to the primary fields is commonly overlooked. It is the purpose of this communication to call attention to classical polarization or magnetization of the vacuum due to the concomitant presence of gravitational and electromagnetic sources. The formalism of differential forms (exterior calculus) is used since it provides a clear-cut way to achieve this. This work offers new routes for possible detection of various spacetime geometries via their electromagnetic manifestations and the way they influence light propagation.
Low-frequency FBG vibration sensors for micro-seismic monitoring
Authors: Hong Li , Zhang Yufeng , Li Lixin , Zhang Peng , Liu Jiaxuan
Published: July 2023

Vibration sensors are key components in low-frequency micro-seismic monitoring, and their performance directly determines the accuracy of monitoring results. In response to the current problem that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration sensors are difficult to effectively monitor micro-seismic low-frequency vibration signals, a rigid L-shaped beam FBG vibration sensor based on bearings is proposed. Firstly, a sensor model is established and theoretically analyzed; secondly, key parameters are optimized using differential evolution algorithm and imported into COMSOL simulation software for static stress analysis and dynamic characteristic analysis; finally, the sensor prototype is developed and a low-frequency vibration test system is set up to verify the sensor performance. The results reveal that the inherent frequency of the sensor is 57 Hz, with a flat response band of 0.3–35 Hz, a frequency lower limit of 0.05 Hz, a transverse interference degree of 4.5%, an average sensitivity of over 800 pm g−1, a dynamic range of 67.75 dB, favorable linearity, and the ability to achieve temperature self-compensation. Research findings provide new insights into low-frequency micro-seismic monitoring.