bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Nevus Syndrome: Report of Association with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Rosenthal Daniel , Fretzin David F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 16‐year‐old boy with an extensive epidermal nevus and mild scoliosis had a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The association of the epidermal nevus syndrome with a variety of other tumors and the rarity of bladder carcinoma in children may make the association more than coincidental.
Childhood Pemphigus Foliaceus: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jones Stephen K. , Schwab Henriette P. , Norris David A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Childhood pemphigus foliaceus typically causes erythema and scaling of the scalp. Sometimes, blisters and oozing are present, which often are misdiagnosed as either impetigo or seborrheic dermatitis. The eruption may progress to involve the trunk and limbs, the lesions often having an arcuate pattern. The diagnosis can be established by histologic and immunologic evaluation. In children, the disease seems to be less severe than pemphigus vulgaris, as is the case with adults, and we recommend a trial of topical steroids before embarking on systemic therapy.
Multiple Cutaneous Granular Cell Tumors in Children
Authors: Rubenstein Denise , Shanker David B. , Finlayson Laura , Boxall Lionel , Krafchik Bernice
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors are lare in childhood. We cared for two children with 15 and 6 tumors respectively. The tumors were asymptomatic nodules in the skin. Histologically, they consisted of large cells containing granules that were positive on periodic acid‐Schiff stain and diastase resistant.
Acute Laryngeal Obstruction in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Davies Hugh , Atherton David J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A boy with junctional epidermolysis bullosa died from acute laryngeal obstruction at the age of 29 months, having been hoarse since early infancy. Post mortem studies showed gross narrowing of the laryngeal airway by cystic dilatations of the ducts of the seromucinous glands, and replacement of the laryngeal epithelium by oedematous granulation tissue. Laryngeal involvement appears to occur not infrequently in junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and contributes to its considerable mortality.
Immunization, Abrasion, and Sunburn as Localizing Factors in Chicken Pox
Authors: Shelley Walter B. , Shelley E. Dorinda
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Three children had striking localization of varicella lesions to skin overlying a diphtheria‐pertussis‐tetanus toxoid (DPT) immunization injection site, a facial abrasion, and a sunburn of the trunk, respectively, Presumably, during the viremic stage of varicella, the virus passed from damaged blood vessels into the skin. A disabling myalgia in the thigh at the DPT site in one child may also have been the result of localization of the varicella virus in the muscle during the inapparent viremic stage. This suggests that an injection given during an occult viremia could trigger an unexpected reaction al the site.
Normal Hair Growth in Children
Authors: Barth Julian H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Abnormalities in the hair growth of children are common reasons for referral to a dermatologist or pediatrician. There is wide variation in the normal sequence of development of hair form and pattern in childhood and adolescence. Very occasionally, abnormalities may be a component of complex metabolic disorders. Therefore it is important to recognize the normal growth of children's hair. Most diagnoses of hair disorders may be made on clinical examination and inspection of hair shafts and roots under a light microscope.
Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis: A New Syndrome? Report of Four Cases
Authors: Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramón , Tamayo Lourdes , Laterza Amelia M. , Brawn Gabriela , Lopez Arturo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We examined four patients who had a combination of extensive nevus flammeus, significant oculocutaneous pigmentation, and severe neurologic alterations. All cases were sporadic. The vascular and neurologic alterations were clinicaily similar to those observed in the Sturge‐Weber syndrome. The capillary vessels are ultrastructurally different in phacomatosis pigmentovascularis from those of a nevus flammeus in the Sturge‐Weber syndrome; however, tnelanocytes of normal aspect were present in the middle and deep der‐mis. The characteristic oculocutaneous pigmentation probably represented a noncoincidental association. The term phacomatosis pigtnentovascuiaris seems appropriate for this apparently new neurocutaneous syndrome.
Familial Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome Type II: Abnormal Fibrillogenesis of Dermal Collagen
Authors: Rizzo Renata , Contri Miranda Baccarani , Micafi Giuseppe , Quaglino Daniela , Pavone Lorenzo , Ronchetti Ivonne Pasquali
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We examined a father and son affected by Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome type II. Both patients had micrognathia together with ligament and skin hy‐perlaxity. The son exhibited complete cleft palate. Ultrastructural studies revealed abnormal collagen fibrils in the dermis of both patients. In the child the most striking alterations consisted of lateral fusion of an enormous number of collagen fibrils giving rise to huge polymorphic collagen masses. In the father's dermis the great majority of collagen fibrils appesired normal; however, lateral fusion of fibrils together with local abnormal collagen aggregation were occasionally seen. In both patients the dermal elastic network was well developed and elastic fibers appeared normal.
Eosinophilic Cellulitis in a Family
Authors: Kamani Naynesh , Lipsitz Philip J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome) is characterized by recurrent episodes of nonpruritic, indurative. cutaneous swellings. Three cases of this syndrome occurred in two male siblings and their mother. In all three family members, skin lesions appeared early in infancy. Unusual clinical manifestations included eosinophilic pleural effusions and pericarditis.
Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria
Authors: Bundino S. , Topi G. C. , Zina A. M. , Gandolfo L. D'Allessandro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A patient with hepatoerythropoietic porphyria had typical cutaneous manifestations: photosensitivity with blistering and mild scarring, and hypertrichosis. Biochemically elevated levels of protoporphyrins in erythrocytes, uroporphyrins in urine, and coproporphyrins in feces are markers of this form of porphyria. A family study confirmed that he was homozygous for a defect of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. A triai with hydroxychloroquine produced no improvement.
Percutaneous Absorption in Preterm Infants
Authors: West Dennis P. , Halket John M. , Harvey David R. , Hadgraft Jonathan , Solomon Lawrence M. , Harper John I.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The skin of preterm infants varies considerably in its level of maturity. To understand skin absorption in premature infants better, we report a technique for the assessment of percutaneous absorption at various gestational and postnatal ages using stable, isotope‐labeled (13C6) benzoic acid. Our results indicate that in the preterm infant, this method detects enhanced skin absorption in the first postnatal days, which declines over three weeks to that expected of a full‐term infant. This approach also indicates an inverse relationship between gestational age and skin absorption, as well as postnatal age and skin absorption. The reported technique is a safe and noninvasive method using a model skin penetrant for the study of percutaneous absorption in preterm infants from which basic data may be derived to add to our understanding of skin barrier function.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis/Pityriasis Lichenoides in Two Children
Authors: Ashworth J. , Paterson W. D. , MacKie Rona M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two children developed lymphomatoid papulosis/pityriasis lichenoides at ages 3 and 6 years. Followup continued for 13 years in the former patient and for 6 years in the latter. Both children now have continuing lowgrade disease activity requiring in the one case topical corticosteroid therapy and in the other low‐dose systemic steroid therapy. These children are reported to emphasize to pediatricians, pediatric pathologists, and hematologists that pseudolymphomatous conditions can exist in young children and do not require potent cytotoxic therapy. In both of our patients, the initial diagnosis was thought to be an aggressive lymphoma.
Fatal Nodular Xaethomatosis in an Infant
Authors: Caputo Ruggero , Ermacora Elisa , Gelmetti Carlo , Gianni Enrica
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We describe a unique and puzzling case of a 7‐month‐old baby with a non‐X hypertriglyceridemic histiocytoxanthomatosis. The disease was characterized by a massive nodular eruption that was clinically, histologically. and ultrastructurally consistent with juvenile xanthogranuloma, but it had a rapid, fatal evolution.
Sinus Histiocytosis Clinically Limited to the Skin
Authors: Lazar Andrew P. , Esterly Nancy Burton , Gonzalez‐CrussI Frank
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare clinicopalhologic entity thai affects mainly children and young adults. Although the lymph nodes are the most common sites of involvement, extranodal infiltrates may arise in the orbits, skin, upper respiratory tract, and bone, as well as other organs. Approximately 10% of patients have had cutaneous infiltrates, but very few of them have had lesions limited to the skin. We treated a 15‐year‐old female with cutaneous nodules as the sole manifestation of the disease.
Treatment of Extensive Warts with Etretinate: A Clinical Trial in 20 Children
Authors: Gelmetti Carlo , Cerri Danilo , Schiuma Aldo Antonio , Menni Silvano
Published: March 2008

Abstract: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of elrelinate in the treatment of papilloma virus infections, 20 children with extensive warts were given this oral retinoid for a period not exceeding three months at a dosage of 1 mg per kg per day. Sixteen patients showed complete regression of the disease without relapse, while in 4, fesions recurred after partial regression had been obtained. A follow‐up of two years confirmed these findings. The results of this preliminary study are encouraging. Additional study is needed to determine the ultimate usefulness of etretinate in the treatment of refractory warts.
Perilesional Linear Atrophic Streaks Associated with Intralesional Corticosteroid Injections in a Psoriatic Plaque
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Rasmussen James E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Perilymphatic atrophy can be a complication of intralesional corticosteroid injections given for the treatment of conditions such as psoriasis, alopecia areata, and keloids, and intraarticular corticosteroid injections given in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It may become manifest as perilesional linear, depigmented, atrophic streaks, which are usually most prominent in patients with dark‐colored skin.
Sarcoidosis in Children
Authors: Clark S. Kathleen
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology that is rerely diagnosed in children. When mass screening is performed, the incidence of the disease in children approaches that of adults with similar demographics. Most childhood cases occur around ages 9 to 15 years, with small clusters of cases occuring in children under age 4 years. The disease in these two age groups has very different clinical features. Children under age 4 have a clinical triad of rash, arthritis, and uvcitis. The classic syndrome in older children involves primarily lungs, lymph nodes and eyes. In older children, constitutional symptoms (fatigue, lethargy, malaise) and pulmonary symptoms (cough, dyspnea) predominate. Mortality in childhood sarcoidosis is about 5%, with long‐term sequelae in 10% to 20%. Early recognition may prevent complications such as blindness, pulmonary insufficiency, and renal impairment.
Hydroa Vacciniforme with Inflammatory Keratitis and Secondary Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Bennion Scott D. , Johnson Carl , Weston William L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 6‐year‐old boy had numerous episodes of hydroa vacciniforme. Several of these episodes were accompanied by an anterior aveitis with corneal clouding and stellate keratic precipirates. Wearing sunglasses prevented new eye lesions from developing despite recurrences of skin lesions. Phototesting on facial skin revealed reproductin of skin lesions with uhraviolet B but not ultraviolet A. One should be aware of eye involvement inhydroa vacciniforme, and children who experience this form of photodermatitis should have a careful eye examination and be advised to wear protective sunglasses.
Dermatologic Manifestations and Update of Cat Scratch Disease
Authors: Margileth Andrew M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cat scratch disease is a relatively common cause of chronic (three weeks or longer) lymphadenopathy, with 80% of cases occurring in children and adolesents. This self‐limited infection caused by a small, gram‐negative, pleomorphic bacillus has been identified in ocular granuloma, skin inoculation lesions, and lymph node specimens. Dermatologic manifestations observed prospectively in 908 patients included primary cat scratch inoculation papules, pustules or rarely, vesicles. Occasionally, enanthematous mucous membrane (oral, ocular) primary inoculation lesions were observed. About 5% of patients have generalized macular, maculopapular, morbilliform, and rarely petechial, usually nonpruritic exanthem. Rarely, erythema nodosum or multiforme and ecchymoses with petechial rashes are seen. Thrombocytopenic purpura is extremely uncommon. Unusual manifestations such as the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud, encephalopathy, or severe systemic disease occur in about 10% of patients. Management consists of symptomatic treatment and occasional aspiration of a suppurative node. The disease usually resolves spontaneously in two to four months.
Transient Zinc Deficiency in Two Full‐term Breast‐fed Siblings Associated with Low Maternal Breast Milk Zinc Concentration
Authors: Glover M. T. , Atherton D. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Symptomatic zinc deficiency developed in an exclusively breast‐fed, full‐term infant. Her older brother had also developed zinc deficiency while being exclusively breast‐fed. Breast milk zinc concentrations were low throughtout lactation, and this inadequacy is the likely cause of the deficiency in both infants.
Perianal Eosinophilic Granuloma Resembling Condyloma Latum
Authors: Cavender Patricia A. , Bennett Richard G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 21/2‐year‐old boy with eosinophilic granuloma confined to the frontoparietal bones developed a rectal fissure that progressed to a perianal plaque resembling condyloma latum. Biopsy confirmed the presence of many Langerhans cells, and therefore a diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma involving the skin was made. Although rare, eosinophilic granuloma can be associated with cutaneous lesions, sometimes isolated and mundane in appearance. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of perianal lesions.
Trichothiodystrophy Without Retardation: One Patient Exhibiting Transient Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Baden Howard P. , Katz Aubrey
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two patients had trichothiodystrophy but did not exhibit the commonly associated findings such as mental retardation, increased sensitivity to sunlight, ichthyosis, decreased fertility in males, and short stature. One of the patients had a transient combined immunodeficiency syndrome in early childhood lasting four years, but has remained in good health untreated for four years. The association of these two rare findings in this patient should alert us to the possibility that others with trichothiodystrophy may exhibit immunodeficiency.
Effects of Diaper Types on Diaper Dermatitis Associated with Diarrhea and Antibiotic Use in Children in Day‐Care Centers
Authors: Campbell Robert L. , Bartlett Alfred V. , Sarbaugh Frank C. , Pickering Larry K.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Infants and toddlers in day‐care centers have a relatively high frequency of diarrhea and/or oral antibiotic use, and may be at increased risk of developing diaper dermatitis when diapered. A six‐month, prospective, double‐blind study was conducted in day‐care centers in Houston, Texas, to determine the frequency of diarrhea, antibiotic use, and diaper dermatitis in infants and toddlers wearing conventional (cellulose‐only core) disposable diapers or disposable diapers with a core of absorbent gelling material (AGM) and cellulose. A questionnaire was administered weekly to the day‐care staff to gather health information, and weekly visual examinations were made of children for diaper dermatitis. The frequency of diarrhea was 1.9 episodes per child‐year and that of antibiotic use was 3.3 courses per child‐year. Infants diapered in disposable diapers with AGM had a significantly (P 0.032) lower mean grade of diaper dermatitis during diarrhea episodes and a lower (P 0.054) mean grade during antibiotic use, compared to those diapered in conventional disposable diapers. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to isolation of Sluphyloeoecus aureus or Candida alhicans from superficial skin cultures of the diapered area. The results indicate that diarrhea and antibiotic use occur frequently in children in day‐care centers, and that the severity of diaper dermatitis is less in children wearing AGM disposable diapers than those wearing conventional disposable diapers in that setting.
Familial Occurrence of Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts
Authors: Mayron Richard , Grimwood Ronald E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 15‐year‐old white male had an extensive skin eruption that had been present since age 2 years. Physical examination revealed flesh‐colored, rough‐textured papules surrounded by faint erythema. These lesions were present diffusely over the upper trunk, arms, thighs, face, ears, and neck. Evaluation of four immediate family members revealed a similarly affected brother and father. A biopsy of the papules showed the presence of a middermal epithelial cyst containing numerous vellus hairs.
An Atypical Presentation of Kawasaki Syndrome in an Infant
Authors: Friedman Allan D.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is a vasculities of childhood, ihe enology of which is unknown. Diagnosis is based on the Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria in which skin and mucous membrane findings play a key role. Coronary artery involvement can be fatal. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of theraps can reduce the risk of cardiac complication. Autopsy findings of patients with KS who did not fit CDC criteria for symptoms have heen reported. Infants, in particular, may have an atypical clinical course resulting in delayed diagnosis and initiation of treatment. This case presents an infant with fever and an atyp ical rash who did not fit diagnostic criteria. Differential diagnosis of infants with prolonged fevers and rash, who do not fit into other diagnostic categories, should include KS and an appropriate cardiac examination including consider ation of an echocardiogram.
The Tzanck Smear: Old, but Still of Inestimable Value
Authors: Oranje Arnold P. , Folkers Elzo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The Tzanck smear, introduced by the Frenchman Tzanck, has been used for many years in the diagnosis of bullous and vesicular dermatoses especially herpes simplex, herpes zoster and varicella. Also, in the vesicular dermatoses of newborns and immunocompromised patients it is an important diagnostic aid. The Tzanck smear is easy to perform, simple, reliable (if one is experienced) and inexpensive. A quick staining can be done hy Hemacolor or Diff‐Quik within one minute. The Tzanck smear is certainly useful and very reliable in the diagnosis of herpes smiplex and varicella‐zoster infections if obtained in the vesicular stage. The sensitivity of the Tzanck smear exceeds 80% and the specificity 90% when the investigators are experienced. A positive Tzanck smear is an especially reliable and useful diagnostic aid. However, a disadvantage is that the smear cannot differentiate between herpes simplex virus or varicella‐zoster virus infections. The Tzanck smear, although old and simple, remains an important aid in the diagnosis of vesicular, pustular and bullous diseases, in particular herpes. Cytology will, however, never replace culturing or histopathoiogy.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Clinical Experience with 124 Patients
Authors: Rivera‐Luna Roberto , Martinez‐Guerra Guillermo , Altamirano‐Alvarez Eduardo , Martinez‐Avalos Armando , Cardenas‐Cardoz Rocio , Ayon‐Cardenas Ana , Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramon , Lopez‐Corella Eduardo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We cared for 124 pediatric patients With a histologic diagnosis of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X) over a period of 14 years. Clinical, laboratory. and radiographic findings were analyzed. The most frequent manifestations were bone lesions, lymph node involvement, and skin infiltralion. Liver disease was noted in 50% of patients and lung disease in 23% he‐matologic changes were also frequent‐ Dysfunction and involvement of these three organ systems, plus age of onset, distinguished the group of patients with the highest mortality. All palienis with generalized disease or organ dysfunclion were Lrealed with systemie chemotherapy. The actuarial survival curve at 10 Years was 63%
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: Identification of a Kindred with Autosomal Recessive Transmission of the Weher‐Cockayne Variety
Authors: Fine Jo‐David , Johnson Lorraine , Wright Timothy , Horiguchi Yuji
Published: March 2008

Abstract: With few exceptions, epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. All cases of autosomal recessive EBS reported to date have been associated with significant extracutaneous disease {including anemia, marked growth retardation, dentition abnormalities, and/or concurrent neuromuscular disease}, early infant mortality, or often, rather extensive cutaneous involvement. In some, the cutaneous morphology has even suggested junctional or dystrophic disease. We cared for a kindred in which four individuals were affected with an autosomal recessive form of EBS with cutaneous findings most often suggestive of Weber‐Cockayne disease. Except for scattered oral erosions in one patient, there was no evidence of associated extracutaneous disease. These findings demonstrate the increasing complexity of even the simplex forms of inherited epidermolysis bullosa. This obviously has implications for genetic counselling.
Infantile Seborrheic Dermatitis: Seven‐Year Follow‐up and Some Prognostic Criteria
Authors: Menni Silvano , Piccinno Roberta , Baietta Serafina , Ciuffreda Adriana , Scotti Luciano
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Based on clinical features, infantile seborrheic dermatitis (ISD) can be classified as follows: true seborrheic dermatitis (SD), psoriasiform seborrheic dermatitis (Psor SD), and erythrodemic seborrheic dermatitis. We reviewed the records of 72 children who had been affected by ISD several years earlier to investigate the evolution of disease, to evaluate the patients for the presence of new skin lesions, and to study family histories with respect to these conditions. In addition, we attempted to determine if there is any connection among the initial features of ISD and the types of skin lesions, and atopy or psoriasis. On reexamination, our patients previously diagnosed as having SD showed a larger variety of new skin lesions than those who had Psor SD, and 15% had developed atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis was not present at follow‐up in the children with previously diagnosed Psor SD. Psoriatic lesions were present in similar percentages in both groups at the time of reevaluation. Investigation of family history was not useful in predicting later development of psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. We conclude that the initial clinical features of ISD may be of prognostic value, and that SD and Psor SD are probably two different clinical entities.
Survey of Cutaneous Lesions in Indian Newborns
Authors: Nanda Arti , Kaur Surrinder , Bhakoo Omkar N. , Dhall Kamla
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A total of 900 consecutive newborns delivered at the Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India, over a period of 7 months were examined for presence of skin lesions within 48 hours of birth. Commonly observed skin lesions were Epstein pearls (88.7%), mongollan spots (62.2%), milia (34.9%), sebaceous hyperplasia (31.8%), salmon patches (28.4%), and er‐ ythema toxicum neonatorum (20.6%). These figures are comparable with earlier reports. Impetigo neonatorum occurred in 11.3% of Infants, and was frequent in our hot and humid climate from May to August. Traumatic skin lesions were most often present in babies who had forceps deliver‐ies. Three hundred ten (34%) babies were available for follow‐up up to six weeks. Additional skin lesions observed were omphalitis (16 babies), oral thrush (9) and postinflammatory hypomelanosis (8). Three infants had atopic dermatitis, two each had seborrheic dermatitis, diaper dermatitis, pityriasis velrsicolor, and nevus achromicus. One each had vltillgo, ichthy‐osis vulgaris, urticaria, and strawberry hemangloma. These observations highlight the importance of repeat examination for the appearance of skin lesions during the neonatal period.
Woolly‐Hair Nevus: Report of a Case Associated with a Verrucous Epidermal Nevus in the Same Area
Authors: Peteiro Carmen , Oliva Narciso Perez , Zulaica Ander , Toribio Jaime
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We cared for a patient with woolly‐hair nevus (WHN) with hair of reduced diameter seen as oval shaped on transverse section. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a longitudinal canal along the length of the hair shaft. Although the association of WHN and epidermal nevus has been described previously, this report of their localization in the same site is, to our knowledge, the first in the literature.
A Patient with Tay's Syndrome
Authors: Motley R. J. , Finlay A. Y.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 4‐year‐old girl with Tay's syndrome had the typical features of congenital ichthyosis and the peculiar anomaly of hair growth, trichothiodystrophy. Her hair shafts were brittle and showed alternating light and dark banding when examined microscopically between polarizing filters. Her hair cystine content was 4.6% (control 8.4%).
Comparative Histopathology of Porcine and Human Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Gupta T.K. Das , Ronan S.G. , Beattie C.W. , Shilkaitis A. , Amoss M.S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pigmented tumors resembling cutaneous melanoma were first reported in Sinclair miniature swine in 1967. Since that time, carefully planned breeding has established that this is an inherited malignancy the natural history of which mimics human cutaneous melanoma in a number of ways. Because of these characteristics, miniature swine melanoma appears to be an effective model with which to investigate the mechanisms influencing initiation, growth, and progression of human melanoma. This investigation characterized histologically the cutaneous melanoma in miniature swine and compared the findings with human neoplasm. Primary cutarteous melanoma in swine has been reclassified and standardized according to the classifications currently in vogue in human melanoma. Our results suggest that the condition in minlature swine is histologically similar to that in humans. These observations will provide a basis for interpretation of the results derived in the biologic studies performed in this model.
Congenital Monocytic Leukemia: Report of a Case with Cutaneous Involvement, and Review of the Literature
Authors: Francis Julie S. , Sybert Virginia P. , Benjamin Denis R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Congenital leukemia is a rare disease that can become manifest soon after birth. Cutaneous involvement consists of red, brown, or purple papules and nodules, and confluent areas of purpura. The diagnosis is established by the presence of leukemic cells in biopsy specimens of bone marrow and involved skin, and by immunocytochemical characterization of these cells. We report a case of congenital monocytic leukemia with a normal karyotype, whose disease underwent temporary spontaneous regression.
Sjögren‐Larsson Syndrome Associated with the Dandy‐Walker Malformation: Report of a Case
Authors: Flvenson David P. , Lucky Anne W. , Iannoccone Susan
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The Sjdgren‐Larsson syndrome is defined as the association of ichthyosis, spastic diplegia or tetrapiegia, and mental retardation. Although most cases described have come from the Swedish county of Vasterbotten, isolated reports from the United States and elsewhere do exist Numerous neurologic abnormalities have been reported with this syndrome, including speech defects, seizures, and pyramidal tract disorders. Abnormal ophthaimologic findings are not rare. Prevlous studies with computerized tomographic (CT) scans have revealed no abnormalities of cranial anatomy. We report a 6‐year‐old boy with Sidgren‐Larsson syndrome who had a Dandy‐Walker malformation as demonstrated by diagnostic imaging by CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans. This case illustrates that developmental defects of the central nervous system can also occur in association with Sjdgren‐Larsson syndrome.
Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis: An Expanded Clinicopathologic Spectrum
Authors: Kan Alex E. , Rogers Maureen
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A female infant had the typical cutaneous and soft tissue lesions of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis with the characteristic histologic and ultrastructural features of the disease. Her clinical course and autopsy findings strongly resembled those of infantile systemic hyalinosis, suggesting that the two conditions may be parts of a spectrum.
Multiple Agminate Spitz Nevi
Authors: Renfro Lisa , Grant‐Kels Jane M. , Brown Stephen A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A five‐year‐old boy had multiple agminate Spitz nevi arising in an area of hyperpigmentation that developed concurrently with the nevi. Multiple Spitz nevi occurring in a single group are rare, and their presence on a hyperpigmented background is extremely uncommon. Very few such cases have been described, and all of those leslons arose on a congenital hyperpigmented patch. In contrast, the nevi in our patient appeared to arise on an acquired hyperpigmented patch that was not present at birth, and histologically did not demonstrate features of a congenital nevus. Accurate diagnosis is necessary to avoid unnecessary radical therapy.
Development of Severe Stevens‐Johnson Syndrome After Administration of Slow‐Release Theophylline
Authors: Brook Uzi , Singer Lea , Fried Daniel
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 9‐year‐old boy developed Stevens‐Johnson syndrome after taking slow‐release theophylline for bronchial asthma. Multisystem symptoms were severe, especially in the skin and eyes. This is the first reported case of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome atter administration of the ophylline (Theodur).
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Nanda Arti , Kaur Surrinder , Bhakoo Omkar N. , Kapoor Madan M. , Kanwar Amrinder J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An infant with features of fetal hydantoin syndrome, born to an epileptic mother, was foilowed from birth to 20 months of age. Physical findings included gum hypertrophy, digitaiization of the thumbs, hypopiasia of the distal phalanges and nails, epicanthai folds, pseudohyperteiorism, epidermoid cyst, and geographic tongue. Available literature about the disorder is reviewed.
Impetigo Contagiosa III. Comparative Efficacy of Oral Erythromycin and Topical Mupirocin
Authors: Barton Leslie L. , Friedman Allan D. , Sharkey Angela M. , Schneller Daniel J. , Swierkosz Ella M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Ninety‐seven patients with impetigo were prospectlvely enrolled in a study to determine the comparative efficacy of systemic and topical antibiotic therapy. After obtaining a bacterial culture from a representative losion, the children were randomized to receive seven days of either oral erythromycin or topical mupirocin administered three times daiiy. Staphylococcus aureus aione was Isoiated from 51% and in association with group A β‐hemoiytic streptococci (GABS) from 29%; GABS aione was isoiated from 4% of patients. Of 48 children who received erythromycln, 43 (90%) were citnicaily improved or cured, and 11 of 17 were bacteriologicaliy cured. Of 49 children who received mupirocin, 47 (96%) were clinicaily improved or cured, and 10 of 14 were bacterioiogicaiiy cured. At three week foliow‐up, clinical cure rates and number of secondary househoid cases of impetigo were equivaient In both treatment groups. Mupirocin appears to be a weil‐toierated, aibeit expensive, aiternative to erythromycin for the treatment of impetigo.
Osteomyelitis Caused by Nail Biting
Authors: Waldman Barry A , Frieden Ilona J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Nail biting is a common habit in children. In most cases, it is of cosmetic concern only; however, if not controlled, it can lead to serious morbidity. A case is presented of a child who developed osteomyelitis of a distal phalanx as a result of chronic nail biting.
Granuloma Gluteale Infantum: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bluestein Jean , Furner Bonnie B. , Phillips Deborah
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Granuloma gluteale infantum, a benign granulomatous eruption involving the gluteal region, histologically shows a nonspecific dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed of neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. It is important to recognize this condition, as it may clinically simulate a neoplastic process. It arises as a complication of primary irritant diaper dermatitis, however, and typically resolves without treatment.
Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis
Authors: Krol Alfons L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Eight patients were treated for perianal streptococcal dermatitis. The condition previously was described as perianal cellulitis, a term that is confusing in light of the clinical features and distinctive appearance of the disorder.
Urticaria in Infants: A Study of Forty Patients
Authors: Legrain Valérie , Legrain Valérie , Taïeb Alain , Sage Thierry , Maleville Jean
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A retrospective study was carried out in 40 infants, age 1 to 24 months, with urticaria. Acute urticaria was seen most frequently (85%), followed by recurrent (10%) and chronic disease (5%). Several clinical features such as frequency of angloedema and hemorrhagic lesions appeared to be specific to urticaria in infants. An underlying cause was identified or suspected in 65% of cases: foods in 25%, and drugs and infections in 37.5%. Under 6 months of age, all infants had acute urticaria and 75% had cow's milk allergy. After 6 months of age, the main causes were drug intake (mostly aspirin and amoxicillin) and/or infections (mainly viral) (50%). Atopy was not overrepresented (20%), although a possible link between atopy and recurrent urticaria was noted. After a follow‐up of 2 to 7.5 years, 96% of patients were symptom free. Thus, our results indicate that clinical and etiologic features of urticaria in infants are somewhat different from those of adults and children.
Combined Immunodeficiency Associated with Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Authors: Goldstein Brahm , Khilnani Praveen , Lapey Allen , Cleaver James E. , Rhodes Arthur R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report a 15‐month‐old boy with xeroderma pigmentosum, a history of repeated infections, and immune deficiency who developed a fatal pneumonia with parainfluenza type 1. Immunologic evaluation revealed a severe combined immunodeficiency with hypoglobulinemia, C3 deficiency, anergic response to skin testing, and an abnormal lymphocytic response to mitogens. We suggest that patients with xeroderma pigmentosum be evaluated carefully for immune deficiencies, should repeated infections occur.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum in Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Hayani Ammar , Steuber Charles P. , Mahoney Donald H. , Levy Moise L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A case of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) in a 14‐year‐old boy with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is described. The onset of pyoderma gangrenosum coincided with the relapse of AML. The lesions responded dramatically to treatment with oral prednisone despite the persistence of leukemia. Pyoderma gangrenosum should be included in the differential diagnosis of any nodular, pustular, or necrotic cutaneous eruption in children with leukemia.
Cat–scratch Disease: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Shinall Elizabeth Anne
Published: March 2008

Cat–scratch disease (CSD) is a common cause of chronic lymphadenopathy (especially regional) that primarily affects children and adolescents. The clinical diagnosis of CSD is based on the presence of three of four criteria, which may inciude a positive CSD skin test. Usuaily a benign, self–limiting disease, CSD may sometimes have atypical manifestations and serious complications, particuiarly in tmmunocompromised hosts. Cat–scratch disease is now known to be caused by a smail, gram–negative, pleomorphic bacterium. Antibiotics are dramatically effective against CSD in immunocompromised patients, and are of proven benefit in typical cases. Most patients recover with only symptomatic treatment. This article reviews the history of CSD research, oiinicai features of typical and atypical CSD, and current topics of interest in CSD research, especiaily in the areas of diagnosis and treatment.
Childhood Psoriasis: An Epidemiologic Survey of 112 Patients
Authors: Nanda Arti , Kaur Surrinder , Kaur Inderjeet , Kumar Bhushan
Published: March 2008

One hundred and twelve cases of chitdhood psoriasis, constituting 5% of all psoriasis patients registered in our ciinic, were studied over a period of nine years (January 1980 to December 1988). There were 57 male and 55 female patients. Age of onset ranged from 1 month to 13 years, with a mean and median age of 7 years. A positive famiiy history of psoriasis was elicited from 9.8% of patients. The commonest form of psoriasis found was plaque (89.6%), followed by guttate (25.9%). Infection was the most common triggering factor, occurring in 15.2% of cases. Many of these findings are at variance with observations reported elsewhere for this age group.
Structural Hair Abnormalities in Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Micali Giuseppe , Cook Brian , Blekys Irene , Solomon Lawrence M.
Published: March 2008

The hair of patients with three ectodermal dysplasias–ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia clefting syndrome (EEC); orofacial–digital syndrome (OFD) type I; and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (AED)– were studied by scanning electron microscopy. While no pathognomonic abnormalities were noted for each condition, hair shaft structural defects were evident in all patients studied. The EEC clefting syndrome and OFD I shared the most deforming defects, while AED had fewer.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis with Antigen Deletion and Clonal Rearrangement in a 4‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: Hellman Judith , Phelps Robert G. , Baral Jim , Fasy Thomas M. , Ahern Caitlin M. , Strauchen James A.
Published: March 2008

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is rarely seen in children. We report a case of LyP in a 4‐year‐old boy in whom immunopathologic studies demonstrated T cell antigen deletions. In contrast to all but two previous reports, a T suppressor (CD‐8) phenotype was predominant. Southern blot analysis of DNA isolated from a typical skin lesion indicated a clonal rearrangement of the T cell receptor β gene. Because of a 10% frequency of malignant lymphomas in patients with LyP, long‐term observation is cruciai, especially in chiidren. We recommend routine clonal rearrangement studies for aid in diagnosis and follow‐up, and as possible prognostic indicators in children with this condition.
Benign Neonatal Hemangiomatosis: Review and Description of a Patient with Unusually Persistent Lesions
Authors: Held Jonathan L. , Haber Robert S. , Silvers David N. , Grossman Marc E.
Published: March 2008

Benign neonatal hemangjomatosis (BNH) is a disorder in which multiple cutaneous hemangiomas appear at birth or shortly thereafter; visceral complications are absent. While previously reported cases of BNH emphasize the relatively earty spontaneous regression of the cutaneous lesions, we describe a patient in whom new lesions arose and old ones persisted during the first year of life. The features of BNH are contrasted with those of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH), a dermatosis with a more grave prognosis.
Evaluation of Minor Clinical Features of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kanwar Amrinder J. , Dhar Sandipan , Kaur Surrinder
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The diagnostic significance of 19 previously proposed minor features of atopic dermatitis was evaluated. The frequency of these features was studied in 50 patients with typical atopic dermatitis compared to that in 50 control subjects. The ages of all individuals ranged from 3 months to 12 years. Six of the minor features, chelitis, nipple eczema, perifollicular accentuation, white dermographism, recurrent conjunctivitis, and anterior neck folds, were encountered as often in patients as in controls. Two additional features that were of diagnostic significance were diffuse scaling of the scalp and infraauricular fissuring.
Infantile Digital Fibromatosis: Ultrastructural Human Papillomavirus and Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Observation
Authors: Zhu Wen Yuan , Xia Ming Yu , Huang Yong Fei , Leonardi Craig , Penneys Neal S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We studied a case of infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) transmission electron microscopy. We could not detect either human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA types 6,11,16, and 18, or herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA types 1 and 2 in IDF. Our results suggest that IDF is not asso‐ciated with HPV and HSV infection.
Xanthelasmoid Mastocytosis
Authors: Revert Angeles , Jordá Esperanza , Ramón Dolores , Verdeguer Juan Manuel , Torres Vicente , Pitarch Ana
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An 8‐year‐old girl had small, papular vulval lesions for six years; the lesions were yellowish with numerous surface depressions. Symptoms due to the action of mastocyte mediators were observed. A biopsy specimen showed a dense monomorphous infiltrate of the deep dermis by rounded cells with granular cytoplasm and a round or oval central nucleus. The morphology of the lesions and red‐purple metachromatic staining led to the diagnosis of xanthelasmoid mastocytosis. Symptoms were controlled with hydroxyzine. Annual follow‐up has shown no evidence of systemic involvement to date. Surgery should be contemplated as a future therapeutic option, in view of the location of the lesions.
Jacquet Erosive Diaper Dermatitis in a Young Girl with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Hara Masahiro , Watanabe Mariko , Tagami Hachiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report a case of Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis (dermatitis syphiloides posterosiva) in a 9‐year‐old girl suffering from urinary incontinence due to an ectopic opening of a left double ureter into the vaginal vestibule. The toilet paper that she used as an absorbent was thought to be one of the factors causing the eruption. The lesions cleared with topical application of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory ointment and zinc oxide ointment, in conjunction with the use of sanitary napkins.
Treatment of the Poikilodermatous Component of the Rothmund‐Thomson Syndrome with the Flashlamp‐Pumped Pulsed Dye Laser: A Case Report
Authors: Potozkin Jerome R. , Geronemus Roy G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by poikiloderma, juvenile cataracts, bone abnormalities, short stature, sparse hair, hypogonadism, defective dentition, nail dystrophy, hyperkeratosis, and mental retardation. A 12‐year‐old boy with the syndrome was referred to us for evaluation and treatment of poikiloderma. This component of the disease was markedly improved with the use of pulsed dye laser photocoagulation.
Treatment of Infantile Cystic Acne with Oral Isotretinoin: A Case Report
Authors: Arbegast Kay D. , Braddock Suzanne W. , Lamberty Leland F. , Sawka Alisa R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Infantile cystic acne is rare, and its etiology is not clearly defined. Our patient had comedones at 2 months of age that were recalcitrant to multiple‐antibiotic regimens. His condition worsened, and he was diagnosed with infantile cystic acne at 10 months of age and started on a trial of oral isotretinoin (Accutane). A five‐month treatment period using doses ranging from 0.36 to 0.67 mg/kg was necessary to achieve adequate control. Oral isotretinoin may be safe and effective in cases of recalcitrant infantile acne, but we advocate close monitoring because of the well‐known side effects of oral retinoids.
Childhood Leprosy in Northern India
Authors: Kaur Inderjeet , Kaur Surrinder , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Kumar Bhushan
Published: March 2008

Abstract: During a period of eight years, 132 new leprosy cases were detected in children ages 3 to 19 years. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy was present in 59%, tuberculoid in 7.6%, and indeterminate type in 3.8% patients. Single skin lesions were seen in a significant number (43.9%) of patients. Bacillus‐positive disease was detected more often (17.4%) than in adults. A high frequency (66.6%) of nerve involvement was also detected. Deformities were uncommon. Males were more often affected than females, especially in the ages 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years. A history of contact was available in only 19.7% patients, and the contact was intrafamilial in 84.6%.
Multiple Pyogenic Granulomata in Childhood
Authors: Dillman Annette M. , Miller Richard C. , Hansen Ronald C.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Multiple pyogenic granulomata are rare. Satellite lesions are infrequently associated with trauma to or treatment of the primary lesion. Rare cases of disseminated pyogenic granulomata have been reported. We report the occurrence of numerous, discrete, pyogenic granulomata in two young boys at locations remote from the primary excision site, and review the llterature on multiple pyogenic granulomata. in patient no. 1, new lesions seemed to develop from 2‐to 4‐mm capillary hemangiomas both within and outside of a port‐wine stain. Patient no. 2 involves a previously unreported occurrence of numerous facial lesions.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita Associated with Syndactyly and Supernumerary Nipples: Report of a Second Family with Similar Clinical Findings
Authors: Halper Shelley , Rubenstein Denise
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare disorder characterized by localized absence of skin of birth. A subtype consisting of a solitary scalp defect in association with limb abnormalities has been described. We report a case of ACC in association with 3,4 syndactyly and supernumerary nipples with an apparent autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
McCune‐Albright Syndrome with Multiple Bilateral Cafe au Lait Spots
Authors: Roth John G. , Esterly Nancy B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 7‐week‐old infant developed hyperpigmented lesions at 5 days of age that gradually progressed to sharply demarcated, mediumbrown macules of unusual configuration involving the neck, trunk, buttocks, upper arms, and right upper thigh. A biopsy specimen of a representative lesion showed changes of epidermal melanosis consistent with cafe au iait spot. At age 15 months the patient developed a limp. Roentgenographic evaluation showed widespread, bilateral changes of fibrous dysplasia, most severe in the right pelvis, femur, and tibia. At the present time he has no evidence of precoclous puberty or other endocrinopathies. Despite the absence of endocrine abnormalities, these findings are consistent with a diagnosis of McCune‐Albright syndrome with extensive bony and cutaneous lesions.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Livedo Reticularis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abrahamian Lori M. , Berke Adrienne , Van Voorhees Abby S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Livedo reticularis (LR) has been associated with numerous systemic diseases. Its reiationship to diabetes mellitus (DM), however, has been poorly characterized. We report a case of LR in a 17‐year‐old with type 1 DM.