bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nachhaltige Arbeitsmarktintegration und mehr soziale Teilhabe durch das neue Bürgergeld ?
Authors: Falkenhain Mariella , Hirseland Andreas
Published: November 2022

Seit ihrer Einführung vor 17 Jahren wird die „Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende“, bekannt als Hartz IV, von einer normativen Diskussion über die richtige Balance zwischen „Fördern“ und „Fordern“ begleitet. Die neue Bundesregierung möchte nun das Grundsicherungssystem mit dem sogenannten Bürgergeld erneuern. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert das im Koalitionsvertrag skizzierte Reformvorhaben im Lichte zentraler Erkenntnisse der internationalen Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitikforschung. Dabei wird zunächst die geplante Schwerpunktverschiebung von (schneller) Vermittlung in Arbeit hin zu einer stärkeren Ausrichtung auf nachhaltige Arbeitsmarktintegration über den Weg der Qualifizierung in den Blick genommen. Nach einer Diskussion der avisierten Neuausrichtung der Beratungsprozesse im Jobcenter werden abschließend mögliche Wege, Chancen und Voraussetzungen der angekündigten Förderung gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe von Leistungsbeziehenden reflektiert.
Local Governance und bürgerschaftliches Engagement in ländlichen Räumen
Authors: Freise Matthias
Published: November 2022

Bürgerschaftliches Engagement hat einen festen Platz in Governancearrangements der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge: Hier arbeiten Kommunen und zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen häufig Hand in Hand. Allerdings unterscheidet sich Local Governance unter Einbeziehung bürgerschaftlichen Engagements in ländlichen Räumen deutlich von der im urbanen Kontext. Der konzeptionelle Aufsatz leistet einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis des Verhältnisses von Local Governance und bürgerschaftlichem Engagement in ländlichen Räumen und fokussiert dabei auf vier Besonderheiten: (1) begrenztere Pluralität, (2) engere Engagement-Netzwerke und tradiertere Akteurskonstellationen, (3) kleinere Kommunalverwaltungen und größere Aufgabenzuschnitte sowie (4) eine größere Bedeutung des Engagements bei der Erbringung der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Ableitung von Herausforderungen aus diesen Besonderheiten und identifiziert Handlungsempfehlungen für die Kommunalverwaltung.
Casebook Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil
Authors: Kaspar Johannes , Reinbacher Tobias
Published: November 2022

Das Casebook stellt anhand der Leitentscheidungen des BGH die zentralen Rechtsätze des Allgemeinen Teils des Strafrechts dar und ordnet sie in ihren rechtlichen Kontext ein. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung des Sachverhalts und der sich hieraus ergebenden rechtlichen Probleme folgen die maßgeblichen Entscheidungsgründe. Die Entscheidung selbst wird sodann in ihren juristischen Kontext eingeordnet, der Streitstand voll entfaltet und die dazu vertretenen Ansichten prägnant dargestellt. Die Darstellung schließt mit Hinweisen zur Vertiefung. Transferfragen dienen der Überprüfung des Gelernten.

Das Buch richtet sich an Studierende im Grund- und Hauptstudium, die sich ein Rechtsgebiet anhand der Leitentscheidungen erschließen wollen und an Examenskandidat:innen zur Vorbereitung auf die Prüfung.
Spiel nicht mit den Schmuddelkindern?
Authors: Wildfang Hinrich
Published: November 2022

This study analyses the causal effect of the social composition of differently scaled socio-spatial contexts while considering different threshold values. This is made possible by elaborate and, as far as German research in this field is concerned, unique analysis of different data sources. On the one hand, the book reveals heterogeneous effects of social composition on the probability of a child attending a higher-level secondary school, and on the other hand, the added value of its methodologically complex approach becomes clear. Its results show that social composition can be understood as a factor that induces social inequalities, which highlights the relevance of taking spatial factors into account in other research subjects as well.
Review on the Impact of Insecticides Utilization in Crop Ecosystem: Their Prosperity and Threats
Authors: Dwivedi S.A. , Sonawane V.K. , Pandit T.R.
Published: November 2022

Pesticide covers a wide range of compounds including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, molluscicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators, and others. Among them, organochlorine insecticides, used successfully in controlling a number of diseases, such as malaria and typhus, were banned or restricted after the 1960s in most of the technologically advanced countries. The introduction of other synthetic insecticides—organophosphate insecticides in the 1960s, carbamates in the 1970s, and pyrethroids in the 1980s, and the introduction of herbicides and fungicides in the 1970s–1980s contributed greatly to pest control and agricultural output. Ideally, a pesticide must be lethal to the targeted pests, but not to nontarget species, including man. Unfortunately, this is not the case, so the controversy of the use and abuse of pesticides has surfaced. The rampant use of these chemicals, under the adage, “if little is good, a lot more will be better” has played with humans and other life forms. The known ecological impacts of insecticides on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are reviewed in this chapter. Awareness of the impacts that insecticides are having in our world may help to introduce the management practices that aim at reducing and mitigating those impacts.
Mathematical Description of the Network Field Model
Authors: Peters Steve , Stephenson Karen
Published: November 2022

In this addendum, which was the basis for an article published at the network conference 2021, we discuss a mathematical description of a network field. We describe the exchange of capital between objects in a team which we call a network. We make the assumption that exchanging capital between the actors in the field is the same as exchanging kinetic and potential energy. In our model, we use three types of capital: financial, human, and social to represent the qualifications of an object. By analogy, a non-relativistic gravitational field can be described by a time dependent Kinetic Energy part minus a position-dependent Potential Energy part. Here we describe a non-relativistic network field as Lagrangian with a time-dependent Financial Capital part minus a relative position-dependent Potential energy part. The description of the network field and especially the potential energy for a certain area in the field is comparable to the description of a Graph Neural Network for a set of nodes, a concept from deep learning theory. We use the Graph Neural Network to analyze the effects of exchanging potential energy in a network. We also use it to calculate the optimum distribution of qualifications of the actors in a team.
Toward a General Theory of Organizing – Volume 1: Introducing the Network Field Model
Authors: Peters Steef , Stephenson Karen
Published: November 2022

There are three volumes in this body of work. In volume one, we lay the foundation for a general theory of organizing. We propose that organizing is a continuous process of ongoing mutual or reciprocal influence between objects (e.g., human actors) in a field, whereby a field is infinite and connects all the objects in it much like electromagnetic fields influence atomic and molecular charged objects or gravity fields influence inanimate objects with mass such as planets and stars. We use field theory to build what we now call the Network Field Model. In this model, human actors are modeled as point-like objects in the field. Influence between and investments in these point-like human objects are explained as energy exchanges (potential and kinetic) which can be described in terms of three different types of capital: financial (assets), human capital (the individual) and social (two or more humans in a network). This model is predicated on a field theoretical understanding about the world we live in. We use historical and contemporaneous examples of human activity and describe them in terms of the model. In volume two, we demonstrate how to apply the model. In volume 3, we use experimental data to prove the reliability of the model. These three volumes will persistently challenge the reader’s understanding of time, position and what it means to be part of an infinite field.
Regional Anaesthesia for Hip Surgeries
Authors: Šakić Livija , Šakić Kata , Šakić Šime
Published: November 2022

Regional anaesthesia is essential for hip arthroplasty programmes and depends on anaesthesiologist’s experienced choice. Good analgesia and the avoidance of post-operative nausea and vomiting are prerequisites for early ambulation and patient compliance with post-operative protocols. Regional anaesthesia, both neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks, is superior to systemic opioid analgesia at all-time points in the first 3 days following surgery and by avoiding opioids, the risks and incidence of opioid analgesia are removed. Safety of drugs for intrathecal injections and complications from spinal anaesthesia continue to be examined and re-examined in order to improve safety of the technique. Prevention of post-operative cognitive dysfunction and early mobilisation is a key part of the management of patients with hip fractures.
Una mirada bibliotecológica sobre la Colección de los Cuadernos de Pasado y Presente desde la construcción de una bibliografía
Authors: Cox Mario Patricio
Published: November 2022

En el presente artículo se describe brevemente la elaboración y desarrollo de la Bibliografía de los Cuadernos de Pasado y Presente, repertorio que forma parte del Trabajo Final de Grado “Proyectos y práctica editorial de José María Aricó: la colección de los Cuadernos de Pasado y Presente”. La construcción de una bibliografía se presenta aquí como la posibilidad de llevar adelante el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del proyecto editorial más importante de J. M. Aricó desde una perspectiva estrictamente bibliotecológica. Los resultados nos permiten identificar en la colección de los Cuadernos de Pasado y Presente la voluntad de José María Aricó de intervenir política y culturalmente mediante la edición de libros, una práctica con siglos de existencia escasamente abordada desde la bibliotecología.
Reflexiones sobre la necesidad o importancia de la información en la contemporaneidad.
Authors: Siqueira Thiago Giordano de Souza
Published: November 2022

El ensayo busca reflexionar sobre un posible punto de equilibrio entre el flujo y la demanda de información en la sociedad contemporánea, puesto estar demostrada la existencia de un inmenso flujo informacional basado en el paradojo: oferta de información y los límites de absorción y procesamiento por los individuos. Así, la propuesta fue enlazar datos de los teóricos con algunas percepciones prácticas para la información del lector de manera preliminar, curiosa acerca de la temática pautada.
Investigación-acción: una oportunidad para generar conocimiento desde la práctica profesional de bibliotecarios y archiveros en Córdoba.
Authors: Lencinas Verónica , Nataloni Fiorela , Hannover Saavedra Susana , Villanueva Tito Gustavo , Lacolla Sofía , López Marcela , Zabczuk Iván Gustavo
Published: November 2022

Los bibliotecarios y archiveros no solamente trabajan con conocimiento mediado por documentos sino que en el transcurso de sus actividades, generan nuevos conocimientos vinculado a colecciones, público y relaciones entre textos y personas. Estas experiencias muy raramente se sistematizan y se publican. Como consecuencia, la producción de trabajos en Bibliotecología y Archivología es baja en comparación con los profesionales en actividad. Una opción para superar esta situación es difundir métodos de investigación que permitan generar nuevos conocimientos desde el ámbito profesional. El objetivo de este aporte es presentar la metodología de la investigación-acción como un método viable y aplicable al campo de la práctica profesional en Bibliotecología y Archivología. En la primera parte se ofrece a través de la bibliografía, características, valores, opciones metodológicas y aplicabilidad de la investigación-acción en Bibliotecología y Archivología. En la segunda parte, se presenta un ejemplo de aplicación. La metodología descrita ofrece interesantes posibilidades de construir teoría a partir de la práctica profesional de bibliotecarios y archiveros que les permite incorporar a usuarios en todas las etapas de la investigación y visibilizar fundamentos teóricos y valores con el fin de mejorar infraestructuras, servicios y actividades de las instituciones documentales en el siglo XXI.
La constitución de la ciencia de la información y su relación con la bibliotecología en los Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Lencinas Verónica
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo explora la vinculación de la cibernética con la bibliotecología y la documentación en la constitución de la ciencia de la información en los Estados Unidos de América. Para ello se aplica el concepto de marco tecnológico de Wiebe Bijker que se define como conceptos y técnicas empleadas por una comunidad para la resolución de sus problemas. Este concepto facilita definir tradiciones técnicas, identificar continuidades y rupturas, como también intercambios en un campo complejo. Se trazan los marcos tecnológicos de la bibliotecología y la documentación, preexistentes a la constitución de la ciencia de la información, para identificar técnicas y conceptos que después retoma la ciencia de la información en un tercer marco tecnológico. La ciencia de la información se constituye para facilitar el acceso a los resultados de ciencia y tecnología y redefinió el acceso al registro cultural en términoscibernéticos. La bibliotecología adoptó tempranamente la cibernética e incorporó los nuevos cientistas de la información a las escuelas de bibliotecología a partir de 1955. Entre los productos de la nueva ciencia de la información se delinean la constitución del control bibliográfico, el control de autoridades y el concepto de información.
Hunters' Palette
Authors: Smolik Joe
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes that the enigmatic double bull on the Hunters’ Palette, now at the British Museum and the Louvre, represents a rare type of mutant bovine, a conjoined twin of type ischiopagus. Although the incidence of this biological anomaly in cattle is low, it is likely that such creatures were observed from time to time in the Nile Valley. The case for a mutant bull is supported by pictures of modern ischiopagi, veterinary references, Nubian petroglyphs, and hieroglyphic signs. The portrayal of a mutant animal on predynastic palettes is not unprecedented.

Capart and Fischer suggested that the double bull was an early hieroglyph, but neither explained how or why it became a determinative in verbs meaning “to move back and forth.” It is possible that it was inspired by the back and forth grazing movement of a real double bull. The proposal would seem consistent with Frankfort’s observation about the profound influence of cattle on the ancient Egyptian language. The double bull hypothesis may also elucidate the puzzling association of such a creature with a canal in the Third Upper Nome of Egypt.

Other objects representing the double bull—amulets, seals, a macehead, etc.—are attested intermittently from the Predynastic to the Late Period when the amulet is rendered in the form of a “double Apis;” generally these objects have apotropaic connotations. Texts containing the double bull determinative exist more or less in parallel with the representational forms and maintain the same meaning throughout. The paper ends with a consideration of the Hunters’ Palette as an exhibit of military power.

 

تقترحهذهالمقالةأنالثورالمزدوجالغامضالموجودعلىلوحةالصيادين،الموجودالآنفيالمتحفالبريطانيومتحفاللوفر،يمثلنوًعانادًرا من الأبقار المتحورة، وهو توأم ملتصق من نوع ischiopagus. على الرغم من أن نسبة حدوث هذا الشذوذ البيولوجي في الماشية منخفضة، فمن المحتمل أن هذه المخلوقات قد لوحظت من وقت لآخر في وادي النيل. يتم دعم وجود حالة الثور المتحور من خلال صور ischiopagus

الحديث والمراجع البيطرية والنقوش النوبية والرموز الهيروغليفية. ان تصوير حيوان متحور على اللوحات ليس غير مسبوق. اقترح كابارت وفيشر أن الثور المزدوج كان رمزاً من الرموز الهيروغليفية المبكرة، لكن لم يوضح أي منهما كيف أو لماذا أصبح خلال فترة الأسرات يرمز إلى الفعل الذي يعني «التحرك ذهابًا وإيابًا». من الممكن أن تكون مستوحاة من حركة الرعي (ذهابًا وإيابًا) لثور مزدوج حقيقي. قديبدوالاقتراحمتسًقامعملاحظةفرانكفورتحولالتأثيرالعميقللماشيةعلىاللغةالمصريةالقديمة.ثالثًا،قدتوضحفرضيةالثورالمزدوج

الارتباط المحير لمثل هذا المخلوق بقناة في الإقليم الثالث بمصر العليا. توثق القطع الأخرى التي تمثل الثور المزدوج - التمائم، والأختام، ورأس الصولجان، وما إلى ذلك - بشكل متقطع من عصر ما قبل الأسرات

إلى العصر المتأخر عندما يتم تقديم التميمة على شكل «أبيس مزدوج». توجد النصوص التي تحتوي على رمز الثور المزدوج بشكل أو بآخر بالتوازي مع الأشكال التمثيلية وتحافظ على نفس المعنى طوال الوقت.
Two Sides of a Tale: A Narrative Exploration of Post-Injury Fear in a Gymnast-Coach Dyad
Authors: Svensson Joar , Stambulova Natalia
Published: November 2022

Gymnastics is a sport with a high risk of injury creating many opportunities for a gymnast to experience injury-related fear. Little is known about how gymnasts experience fear and how coaches perceive gymnasts' fear. The present study was aimed at exploring the experiences of post-injury fear in a gymnast-coach dyad. Two male participants (a gymnast and his coach) were involved in narrative-type interviews about their experiences of the same incident of the gymnast’s fear. The holistic form-structural analysis revealed three narratives: a hero’s journey narrative (coach) and a chaos narrative followed by a redemption narrative (gymnast). The stories had different foci. The coach took a career perspective focusing on the fear incident as a part of the athlete’s personal development. The gymnast focused more on injuries, fear experiences, and how he coped. The findings illuminate how two collaborating people can experience the same incident of fear differently and how those different views complement each other.
Three-dimensional flagella structures from animals’ closest unicellular relatives, the Choanoflagellates
Authors: Pinskey Justine M , Lagisetty Adhya , Gui Long , Phan Nhan , Reetz Evan , Tavakoli Amirrasoul , Fu Gang , Nicastro Daniela
Published: November 2022

In most eukaryotic organisms, cilia and flagella perform a variety of life-sustaining roles related to environmental sensing and motility. Cryo-electron microscopy has provided considerable insight into the morphology and function of flagellar structures, but studies have been limited to less than a dozen of the millions of known eukaryotic species. Ultrastructural information is particularly lacking for unicellular organisms in the Opisthokonta clade, leaving a sizeable gap in our understanding of flagella evolution between unicellular species and multicellular metazoans (animals). Choanoflagellates are important aquatic heterotrophs, uniquely positioned within the opisthokonts as the metazoans’ closest living unicellular relatives. We performed cryo-focused ion beam milling and cryo-electron tomography on flagella from the choanoflagellate species Salpingoeca rosetta. We show that the axonemal dyneins, radial spokes, and central pair complex in S. rosetta more closely resemble metazoan structures than those of unicellular organisms from other suprakingdoms. In addition, we describe unique features of S. rosetta flagella, including microtubule holes, microtubule inner proteins, and the flagellar vane: a fine, net-like extension that has been notoriously difficult to visualize using other methods. Furthermore, we report barb-like structures of unknown function on the extracellular surface of the flagellar membrane. Together, our findings provide new insights into choanoflagellate biology and flagella evolution between unicellular and multicellular opisthokonts.
Regulatory mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on bone cancer pain based on network pharmacology and experimental verification
Authors: Wang Aitao , Guo Dongmei , Cheng Hongyu , Jiang Hui , Liu Xiaojuan , Tie Muer
Published: November 2022

Context

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) may relieve bone cancer pain (BCP) by regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis.

Objective

The mechanism of SBG in the treatment of BCP remains to be further explored.

Methods

The active compounds and targets of SBG were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction databases. BCP-related targets were screened from NCBI and GeneCards databases. Additionally, Cytoscape software was applied to construct network diagrams, and OmicShare platform was used to enrich Gene Ontology (GO) and pathways. Finally, the verification of active compounds and core targets was performed based on quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results

Interestingly, we identified baicalein and wogonin as the main active components of SBG. A total of 41 SBG targets, including VEGFA, IL6, MAPK3, JUN and TNF, were obtained in the treatment of BCP. In addition, pathways in cancer may be an essential way of SBG in the treatment of BCP. Experimental verification had shown that baicalein and wogonin were significantly related to BCP core targets.

Conclusions

The active components of SBG have been clarified, and the mechanism of the active components in treating BCP has been predicted and verified, which provides an experimental and theoretical basis for the in-depth elucidation of the pharmacodynamics material basis and mechanism of SBG.
A mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer működésének értékelése 2021
Authors: Áldorfai György , Gerencsér Ilona , Keszthelyi Szilárd , Kovač Anna Rebeka , Péter Krisztina , Szili Viktor
Published: November 2022

A kiadvány a mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer I-III. pillérének működését és eredményeit mutatja be a 2021-es évre vonatkozóan, továbbá a IV. pillérhez, azaz a krízisbiztosítási rendszerhez, annak elindulása óta (2021-2022. években) csatlakozott gazdálkodók főbb jellemzőit ismerteti. Az elemzés célja, hogy segítséget nyújtson a rendszer irányítójának, az Agrárminisztériumnak a jogszabályi háttér esetleges változtatásához, valamint tájékozódási pontot jelentsen a termelők, a biztosítótársaságok és biztosítói egyesületek részére. Az értékelés első részében áttekintjük a jogszabályi háttér 2021. évi változásait, valamint a tárgyévet jellemző időjárási jelenségeket. Majd az I. és a II. pillér eredményeit értékeljük járásonként, veszélynemenként, méretkategóriánként és ágazati bontásban, továbbá megvizsgáljuk a biztosítási díjak változását az „A”, „B”, „C”, illetve kiegészítő biztosítások esetében külön-külön is. Ezt követően ismertetjük a III. pillér működésének elmúlt évi tapasztalatait. Végül bemutatjuk a kockázatkezelési rendszer legújabb, IV. pillérét, a mezőgazdasági krízisbiztosítási rendszert.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak on Businesses and Markets Globally
Authors: Cuthrell Kimberly Morton , Alfalasi Sofia Ahmed Alkhatibi , Alkhamis Zainab Zaki Abdulkarim , Kejriwal Aditya
Published: November 2022

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and its effects are still prevalent today. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s controversial origins and swift global dissemination, strict safeguards were put in place by governments around the world to contain instances and slow the virus' rate of spread. While the competition for limited resources overtook global trade and collaboration, tactics fractured the fundamental supporting pillars of the contemporary world’s macroeconomics and micro economics. Serious economic repercussions resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak all around the world and no nation was spared. In addition to the devastating impact on the economy, negative aftermaths were imposed upon society as a whole which drastically altered how businesses, markets, firms, and customers operated.
The Impact of the Company Life Cycle on the Economic Decisions of Investors / A Study in a Sample of Iraqi Banks Listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange
Authors: Kazem Maha Sahl , Hameedi Dr. Karrar Saleem
Published: November 2022

The current research aimed to analyze the intellectual and applied impact in each of the age stages of the company in the economic decisions of investors, by applying to 130 views (company / year) in Iraqi banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period from 2011-2020. The variables of this study were measured quantitatively, as the company’s life cycle was measured through the cash flow index from operating, investing and financing activities, and the economic decisions of investors were measured through the volume of trading in shares, and one of the most important findings of the research: The growth stage is the only stage With a moral effect on investors' decisions, and based on the previous results, the research recommends: Bank administrations review the objectives set and develop new strategies that are compatible with the current economic conditions to prevent them from falling into the stage of decay. The company's management should also work on optimizing the company's resources, as well as studying the environment surrounding the company to stay as long as possible in the growth stage, as this has the greatest impact on investors' decisions.
Ribosome biogenesis‐based predictive biomarkers in endocrine therapy (Anastrozole) combined with mTOR inhibitor (Vistusertib) in endometrial cancer: translational study from the VICTORIA trial in collaboration with the GINECO group
Authors: Mourksi Nour‐El‐Houda , Dalban Cécile , Colombe‐Vermorel Amélie , Odeyer Laetitia , Simioni Valentin , Frenel Jean‐Sébastien , Fabbro Michel , Bazan Fernando , Abadie‐Lacourtoisie Sophie , Coquan Elodie , Martinez Séverine , Garin Gwenaelle , Tabone‐Eglinger Séverine , Treilleux Isabelle , Chabaud Sylvie , Pérol David , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle , Heudel Pierre‐Etienne , Diaz Jean‐Jacques , Marcel Virginie
Published: November 2022

Resistance of advanced hormone‐dependent endometrial carcinoma to endocrine therapy remains a worldwide clinical issue. We recently reported that the combination of Vistusertib (V, mTOR inhibitor) and Anastrozole (A, aromatase inhibitor) improves the progression‐free rate compared to Anastrozole alone. However, a better patient selection based on biomarkers would improve patient outcome. We evaluate for the first time the usage of ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) factors as a source of innovative markers. Using 47 FFPE tumours (A n = 18; V + A n = 29), 32 blood samples (A n = 13; V + A n = 19) and 30 samples of total RNAs (A n = 12; V + A n = 18) from the VICTORIA clinical trial, we observed an association between RiBi‐associated markers and drug activity or prediction of treatment response. NOP10 and NHP2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in non‐responders compared to responders in the Vistusertib + Anastrozole arm (P = 0.0194 and P = 0.0002 respectively; i.e. 8 weeks progression‐free survival as endpoint). This study provides RiBi‐based markers relevant for a better selection of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma by predicting the response of endocrine therapy combined with mTOR inhibitor.
Navigating the narrative: An eye‐tracking study of readers' strategies when Reading comic page layouts
Authors: Kirtley Clare , Murray Christopher , Vaughan Phillip B. , Tatler Benjamin W.
Published: November 2022

In multimedia stimuli (e.g., comics), the reader must follow a narrative in which text and image both contribute information, and artists may use more irregular layouts which must still be followed correctly. While previous work has found that the external structure (outlines) of panels is a major contributor to navigation decisions in comics, other studies have shown that panel content can affect reading order. The present studies use eye‐tracking to investigate these contributions further. In Experiment 1, the reading behaviors on six layout variations were compared. The influence of the external structure was replicated, but an effect of text location was also found for one layout type. Experiment 2 focused on variations of this particular layout, manipulating the location of text within critical panels. Panel content was a consistent effect for all variations. While most navigation decisions are made using the external structure, content becomes key when resolving ambiguous layouts.
CDC issues new opioid pain guideline; advocates call for implementation
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

When the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first issued its opioid prescribing guideline for pain in 2016, many in the addiction treatment field didn't think physicians would do what the agency — which has no enforcement authority and doesn't govern physician practice — was recommending: a limit for the amount and duration of opioids to be prescribed for pain (see CDC issues draft opioid prescribing guidelines for chronic pain, ADAW Dec. 21, 2015; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.30424). What happened was a broadscale reduction in access to opioids for pain, causing significant suffering (see Chronic pain patient stories: Withdrawal, pain and fear, ADAW Jan. 15, 2018; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.31822). Physicians, it turned out, were afraid of what the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) — which certainly does have enforcement authority — and state medical boards — which could take away medical licenses — would do. So many physicians tapered, and even abandoned patients who not only needed opioids for pain, but had become dependent on them, subjecting their patients to both massive increases in pain and withdrawal at the same time. Some committed suicide. At the same time, opioid overdose deaths — which the CDC had mistakenly thought would decrease as a result of reducing access to opioids for pain — continued to increase.
AATOD fact‐checks methadone/buprenorphine bills
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

There are two bills currently in Congress that affect methadone and buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), and there is still much confusion about support from the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD).
OASAS announces opioid settlement agreement priorities
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

In a Nov. 1 report, New York State's Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) identified funding priorities for the distribution of funds. The priorities are mainly harm reduction and treatment.
A Molecularly Tailored Photosensitizer with an Efficiency of 13.2% for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Grobelny Anna , Shen Zhongjin , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Antariksa Naura F. , Zapotoczny Szczepan , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael
Published: November 2022

Photosensitizers yielding superior photocurrents are crucial for copper‐electrolyte‐based highly efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Herein, two molecularly tailored organic sensitizers are presented, coded ZS4 and ZS5, through judiciously employing dithieno[3,2‐b:2″,3″‐d]pyrrole (DTP) as the π‐linker and hexyloxy‐substituted diphenylquinoxaline (HPQ) or naphthalene‐fused‐quinoxaline (NFQ) as the auxiliary electron‐accepting unit, respectively. Endowed with the HPQ acceptor, ZS4 shows more efficient electron injection and charge collection based on substantially reduced interfacial charge recombination as compared to ZS5. As a result, ZS4‐based DSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2% under standard AM1.5G sunlight, with a high short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 16.3 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.05 V and a fill factor (FF) of 77.1%. Remarkably, DSCs sensitized with ZS4 exhibit an outstanding stability, retaining 95% of their initial PCE under continuous light soaking for 1000 h. It is believed that this is a new record efficiency reported so far for copper‐electrolyte‐based DSCs using a single sensitizer. The work highlights the importance of developing molecularly tailored photosensitizers for highly efficient DSCs with copper electrolyte.
Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Plasmons and Free Carriers in 2D MXenes
Authors: Colin‐Ulloa Erika , Fitzgerald Andrew , Montazeri Kiana , Mann Javery , Natu Varun , Ngo Ken , Uzarski Joshua , Barsoum Michel W. , Titova Lyubov V.
Published: November 2022

2D MXenes have diverse and chemically tunable optical properties that arise from an interplay between free carriers, interband transitions, and plasmon resonances. The nature of photoexcitations and their dynamics in three different members of the MXene family, Ti3C2, Mo2Ti2C3, and Nb2C, are investigated using two complementary pump‐probe techniques, transient optical absorption, and time‐resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Measurements reveal pronounced plasmonic effects in the visible and near‐IR in all three. Optical excitation, with either 400 or 800 nm pulses, results in a rapid increase in lattice temperature, evidenced by a pronounced broadening of the plasmon mode that presents as a plasmon bleach in transient absorption measurements. Observed kinetics of plasmon bleach recovery provide a means to monitor lattice cooling. Remarkably slow cooling, proceeding over hundreds of picoseconds to nanoseconds time scales, implies MXenes have low thermal conductivities. The slowest recovery kinetics are observed in the MXene with the highest free carrier density, viz. Ti3C2, that supports phonon scattering by free carriers as a possible mechanism limiting thermal conductivity. These new insights into photoexcitation dynamics can facilitate their applications in photothermal solar energy conversion, plasmonic devices, and even photothermal therapy and drug delivery.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective C−H Sulfidation of Indoles for the Synthesis of Tolylthioindoles under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zheng Nian , Shi Wei‐Yu , Ding Ya‐Nan , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: November 2022

Controllable chemoselectivity and regioselectivity synthesis of 3‐sulfinylated, 3‐sulfenylated and 2‐sulfonylated indoles via direct C−H functionalization are realized under metal‐free conditions. In particular, the synthesis of 3‐arylsulfinylindoles in high yields from a sulfone substrate in water without additives is reported. The process displays excellent functional groups compatibility. p‐Toluenesulfonyl cyanide (TsCN) possesses a hexavalent sulfonyl group, as an odorless and easy‐to‐handle solid, which has been used as a new sulfur reagent through the cleavage of S−C and S=O bonds in our work.

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Impact of simulated hail damage at different growth stages and canopy positions on rainfed and irrigated winter wheat
Authors: Holman Johnathon D. , Lollato Romulo P. , Zarnstorff Mark , Houx James , Assefa Yared
Published: November 2022

Producers and crop insurance providers will benefit from an accurate assessment of yield reduction after hailstorms that considers crop management, weather, growth stage, and impacted part of crop (hail affected canopy position). But, limited information is available. The main objectives of this study were to quantify wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield losses associated with simulated hail damage timing and canopy position. The study was conducted in two locations (Garden City [irrigated], and Manhattan [rainfed]) in Kansas, from 2018 to 2020 and 2016 to 2018, respectively. Treatments were an incomplete factorial combination of stem bending at seven flowering stages, above or below the flag leaf and a nontreated control. Results of the study indicated 11%–22% wheat yield reduction due to simulated hail damage above the flag leaf and 32%–52% due to hail impact below the flag leaf under irrigated conditions. Within the high‐yielding rainfed environment, hail damage caused up to 20% yield reduction compared with the control. In rainfed and low‐yielding environments, the impact of hail damage was mainly dependent on the growth stage of wheat at hail occurrence. Hail damage at Feekes 11.2–11.4 stages decreased yield by 20%–50% from the rainfed control. Hail damage at Feekes 10.0–10.5.4 decreased yield by 50%–70% from the rainfed control. We provide empirical evidence that indicates hail damage on wheat is dependent on the interaction effect of in‐season crop water management, weather, canopy position and crop growth stage, and estimates of yield loss due to hail should consider these factors.
Two SOX11 variants cause Coffin–Siris syndrome with a new feature of sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Wang Qiuquan , Wu Jie , Yang Jinyuan , Huang Shasha , Yuan Yongyi , Dai Pu
Published: November 2022

Coffin‐Siris syndrome (CSS, OMIM#135900) is a rare congenital disorder associated with neurodevelopmental and dysmorphic features. The primary cause of CSS is pathogenic variants in any of 9 BAF chromatin‐remodeling complex encoding genes or the genes SOX11 and PHF6. Herein, we performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and a series of analyses of growth‐related, auditory, and radiological findings in two probands with syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and inner ear malformations who exhibited distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, growth retardation, and fifth finger malformation. Two de novo variants in the SOX11 gene (c.148A>C:p.Lys50Asn; c.811_814del:p.Asn271Serfs*10) were detected in these probands and were identified as pathogenic variants as per ACMG guidelines. These probands were diagnosed as having CSS based upon clinical and genetic findings. This is the first report of CSS caused by variants in SOX11 gene in Chinese individuals. Deleterious SOX11 variants can result in sensorineural hearing loss with inner ear malformation, potentially extending the array of phenotypes associated with these pathogenic variants. We suggest that both genetic and clinical findings be considered when diagnosing syndromic hearing loss.
Plasma and CSF biomarkers in a memory clinic: Head‐to‐head comparison of phosphorylated tau immunoassays
Authors: Ashton Nicholas J. , Puig‐Pijoan Albert , Milà‐Alomà Marta , Fernández‐Lebrero Aida , García‐Escobar Greta , González‐Ortiz Fernándo , Kac Przemysław R. , Brum Wagner S. , Benedet Andréa L. , Lantero‐Rodriguez Juan , Day Theresa A. , Vanbrabant Jeroen , Stoops Erik , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Triana‐Baltzer Gallen , Moughadam Setareh , Kolb Hartmuth , Ortiz‐Romero Paula , Karikari Thomas K. , Minguillon Carolina , Hernández Sánchez Juan José , Navalpotro‐Gómez Irene , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , María Manero Rosa , Puente‐Periz Víctor , de la Torre Rafael , Roquer Jaume , Dage Jeff L. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Suárez‐Calvet Marc
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Direct comparisons of the main blood phosphorylated tau immunoassays in memory clinic populations are needed to understand possible differences.

Methods

In the BIODEGMAR study, 197 participants presenting with cognitive complaints were classified into an Alzheimer's disease (AD) or a non‐AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile group, according to their amyloid beta 42/ phosphorylated tau (Aβ42/p‐tau) ratio. We performed a head‐to‐head comparison of nine plasma and nine CSF tau immunoassays and determined their accuracy to discriminate abnormal CSF Aβ42/p‐tau ratio.

Results

All studied plasma tau biomarkers were significantly higher in the AD CSF profile group compared to the non‐AD CSF profile group and significantly discriminated abnormal CSF Aβ42/p‐tau ratio. For plasma p‐tau biomarkers, the higher discrimination accuracy was shown by Janssen p‐tau217 (r = 0.76; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.96), ADx p‐tau181 (r = 0.73; AUC = 0.94), and Lilly p‐tau217 (r = 0.73; AUC = 0.94).

Discussion

Several plasma p‐tau biomarkers can be used in a specialized memory clinic as a stand‐alone biomarker to detect biologically‐defined AD.

Highlights

Patients with an Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid (AD CSF) profile have higher plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) levels than the non‐AD CSF profile group.

All plasma p‐tau biomarkers significantly discriminate patients with an AD CSF profile from the non‐AD CSF profile group.

Janssen p‐tau217, ADx p‐tau181, and Lilly p‐tau217 in plasma show the highest accuracy to detect biologically defined AD.

Janssen p‐tau217, ADx p‐tau181, Lilly p‐tau217, Lilly p‐tau181, and UGot p‐tau231 in plasma show performances that are comparable to their CSF counterparts.
Quantification of atropine sulphate monohydrate and obidoxime dichloride in two‐chamber autoinjectors for accessing uniformity of dosage
Authors: Spreitzer Iva , Morawej Paniz , Wosolsobe Richard , Stinzl Rainer , Wackerlig Judith
Published: November 2022

In the treatment of organophosphate poisoning atropine sulphate monohydrate (AT) and obidoxime dichloride (OB) play a vital role. Currently, the Austrian Armed Forces use the DOUBLEPEN OA two‐chamber autoinjector (ChemProtect) to administer these two drugs. The autoinjector is a part of military standard equipment as a “Basic CBRN‐First Aid Kit” and contains OB and AT with a declared concentration of 220 mg/2 ml and 2 mg/2 ml, respectively. Especially in the two‐chamber autoinjectors, it is highly possible that not all the content of the antidote solution is administered when the autoinjector is triggered. The purpose of the study was to analyze one hundred DOUBLEPEN OA autoinjectors from two different production batches (1707068 and 1707067) for volume loss, drug content and uniformity of dosage unit. Uniformity of dosage units, assessed by the content uniformity method (Chapter 2.9.40 of the European Pharmacopeia), requires the calculation of an acceptable value to quantify the uniformity of the drug product. An acceptance value for the first 10 dosage units of 15.0% or below is considered acceptable. The loss of volume was calculated by determining the density and mass of the solution after triggering the autoinjector. A quantitative high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and in‐house validated for the determination of the content of two drugs. According to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines, the analytical method was proven to be accurate and repeatable. The obtained results show that the average loss of volume after injection was 5%, and the average content of OB and AT for batch 1707068, was 216.5 and 1.9 mg, while for batch 1707067 it was 224.2 and 2.0 mg, respectively. Although the loss of volume and content were observed, the calculated acceptance value for both production batches met the requirements of uniformity of dosage unit by the European Pharmacopeia.
Visible light‐driven Z‐scheme NiO/BiO2−x heterojunction for efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water
Authors: Yu Li , Shi Rui , Tian Yurun , Sun Ziyu , Wang Xuemin , Luo Fang
Published: November 2022

In this study, Z‐scheme NiO/BiO2−x heterojunction was successfully constructed by hydrothermal method, which can maintain strong redox potential and excellent visible light response and effectively improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carrier. Under visible irradiation, the impact of different contents of NiO in NiO/BiO2−x on photocatalytic activity was explored, and the results shown that 3‐NiO/BiO2−x had the highest photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of 3‐NiO/BiO2−x for methyl orange (MO) was 7.69 times and 19.7 times higher than pure BiO2−x and NiO, respectively. Moreover, the degradation rate of 3‐NiO/BiO2−x for ciprofloxacin (CIP) was 7.54 times and 60.8 times higher than that of the pure BiO2−x and NiO, respectively. NiO/BiO2−x heterojunction can be used in the field of wastewater treatment due to their excellent degradation activity for organic pollutants.
Harnessing the potential of online marketplaces in the Philippines: Insights from the National Information and Communications Technology Household Survey
Authors: Bayudan‐Dacuycuy Connie , Dacuycuy Lawrence B.
Published: November 2022

Using the Philippinesʼ first nationally representative survey designed to characterise digital commercial and non‐commercial engagements, including the use of information and communications technology (ICT), the digital economy, and technology‐enabled activities, we investigate the presence of gendered disparities in online marketplaces. This is consistent with the spirit of a gender and development approach that aims for equitable outcomes between men and women. We verify whether the observed participation of women in online marketplaces results in higher online sales. To establish the determinants of participation in and incomes from online marketplaces, we use a Heckman estimator in cognisance of the non‐random choices people make when they enter online marketplaces. The negative selection indicates that those likely to sell have unobserved attributes negatively correlated with online income. Based on our modelʼs income predictions, men outperform women in online sales and hold the advantage, replicating a trend observed in traditional marketplaces. Results also highlight the importance of skills, digital awareness and habits, selling platforms, and ICT infrastructure. The paper also identifies potential initiatives for online marketplaces.
Franz Baron Nopcsa: A short life of research in dinosaur evolutionary paleobiology and Albanology
Authors: Weishampel David B.
Published: November 2022

The short life of Hungarian paleontologist and Albanologist, Franz Baron Nopcsa (1877–1933) is reviewed with an eye on his discoveries of the dinosaurs of Transylvania and their dwarfed nature, as well as his interest in the people of Albania, especially their social organization, laws, history, and ethnography during the first and second Balkan Wars. He also engaged in espionage in Romania during World War I. In addition to his research on the dwarfed dinosaurs and their insular context, his paleontological work also focused on neo‐Lamarckian evolutionary theory, the origin of avian flight, and growth and sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs based on osteology and bone microstructure.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel alleviates lithium‐induced alterations in the thyroid gland of rats by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress
Authors: El‐Din Wael Amin Nasr , Fadel Raouf , Rashid Aisha , Al‐Mahameed Ali E. , Othman Manal A.
Published: November 2022

Lithium carbonate (LC) is known to alter thyroid gland function. Pomegranate (PG) is a fruit with multiple antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Here, we studied the effect of PG on LC‐induced morphological and functional alterations in the thyroid glands of rats. Rats were divided into four groups: control, lithium, lithium‐PG, and PG. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, the levels of thyroid hormones and oxidative stress markers were estimated, and thyroid tissues were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations. Compared to the control group, the lithium group showed significant changes in thyroid hormone levels, greater expression of the oxidant marker malondialdehyde, and lower expression of the antioxidant marker superoxide dismutase (SOD). Most of these changes improved upon PG treatment. Histological evaluation of the thyroid in the lithium group showed disorganization and follicle involution. Additionally, the periodic acid Schiff staining intensity and SOD immunoreactivity declined significantly, whereas the collagen fiber content and Bax immunoreactivity increased. The follicular ultrastructure showed marked distortion. These changes were mitigated upon PG treatment. In conclusion, PG alleviated the morphological and functional changes in the thyroid glands induced by LC by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress.