bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiari Malformation with Surgically Induced Open Neural Tube Defect in Late Chick Embryos : Characterization by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathological Analysis
Authors: Hwang In Sung , Kim Kyung Hyun , Sim Ki Bum
Published: December 2022

Objective : Chiari II malformation (CM II) is still the main cause of severe morbidity and mortality in children with open neural tube defects (ONTDs). The goal of this study was to validate a CM II model in late-stage chick embryos with surgically induced ONTDs.Methods : To make the chick embryo model of ONTD, their neural tubes were opened for a length of 5–6 somites at the thoracic level in Hamburger and Hamilton stage 18 chick embryos (n=150). They were reincubated in ovo. up to a total age of 17–21 days. A total of 19 embryos survived and were assigned to either the postoperative day (POD) 14–15 group (n=6) or the POD 17–18 group (n=13). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic findings of embryo heads with spinal ONTDs were compared with age-matched normal chick embryos.Results : The chick embryos with ONTDs demonstrated definite and constant structural changes, such as downward displacement of the cerebellum to just above the foramen magnum and narrow and small cerebrospinal fluid spaces in the crowded small posterior fossa. These morphologic features were more prominent in the POD 17–18 group than in the POD 14–15 group.Conclusion : This is the first description of CM II with spinal ONTD in a late-stage chick embryo model with MRI and histopathological analysis. The morphological changes of the posterior fossa in this study mimic those of CM II associated with spinal ONTD in humans. This model will facilitate investigation of the pathogenesis of CM II.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN BUPATI NOMOR 24 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PEMBENTUKAN UNIT KERJA LAYANAN DALAM PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DI KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Azharada Ainov , Meiwanda Geovani
Published: December 2022

Pemerintah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan telah berupaya untuk memperdekat, mempermudah dan memperluas jangkauan layanan administrasi kependudukan melalui diterapkannya Peraturan Bupati Nomor 24 Tahun 2017 tentang Pembentukan Unit Kerja Layanan (UKL) disetiap Kecamatan dalam urusan pelayanan administrasi kependudukan di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis terhadap pengimplementasian kebijakan dengan menggunakan konsep teori implementasi kebijakan Edward III yakni Komunikasi, Sumber daya, Disposisi, dan Struktur Birokrasi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif melalui kegiatan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan teknik analisis data Interactive Model. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan pada variabel komunikasi kebijakan telah berjalan dengan baik. Pada variabel Sumber daya UKL telah memiliki kewenangan yang cukup namun masih adanya permasalahan berupa keterbatasan jumlah sumber daya manusia, kurangnya fasilitas, keterbatasan anggaran dan permasalahan jaringan. Pada variabel disposisi, sikap pelaksana telah mendukung kebijakan dengan komitmen yang dimiliki, tetapi pola pengangkatan birokrat belum mempertimbangkan kualifikasi serta belum tersedianya insentif bagi pegawai fungsional UKL. Pada variabel struktur birokrasi telah terdapat Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yang seragam dalam mendukung pelayanan dan fragmentasi yang ada disikapi dengan konsistensi komunikasi dan koordinasi antar pelaksana.
Common models and approaches for the clinical educator to plan effective feedback encounters
Authors: Orsini Cesar , Rodrigues Veena , Tricio Jorge , Rosel Margarita
Published: December 2022

Giving constructive feedback is crucial for learners to bridge the gap between their current performance and the desired standards of competence. Giving effective feedback is a skill that can be learned, practiced, and improved. Therefore, our aim was to explore models in clinical settings and assess their transferability to different clinical feedback encounters. We identified the 6 most common and accepted feedback models, including the Feedback Sandwich, the Pendleton Rules, the One-Minute Preceptor, the SET-GO model, the R2C2 (Rapport/Reaction/Content/Coach), and the ALOBA (Agenda Led Outcome-based Analysis) model. We present a handy resource describing their structure, strengths, and weaknesses, requirements for educators and learners, and suitable feedback encounters for use for each model. These feedback models represent practical frameworks for educators to adopt but also to adapt to their preferred style, combining and modifying them if necessary to suit their needs and context.
Physiological Effects of Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight
Authors: Smith Thomas G. , Pollock Ross D. , Britton Joseph K. , Green Nicholas D. C. , Hodkinson Peter D. , Mitchell Stuart J. , Stevenson Alec T.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: High-G acceleration experienced during launch and re-entry of suborbital spaceflights may present challenges for older or medically susceptible participants. A detailed understanding of the associated physiological responses would support the development of an evidence-based
medical approach to commercial suborbital spaceflight.METHODS: There were 24 healthy subjects recruited into ‘younger’ (18-44 yr), ‘intermediate’ (45-64 yr) and ‘older’ (65-80 yr) age groups. Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were measured
continuously during dynamic combinations of +Gx (chest-to-back) and +Gz (head-to-foot) acceleration that simulated suborbital G profiles for spaceplane and rocket/capsule platforms. Measurements were conducted breathing air and breathing 15% oxygen to simulate a cabin
pressure altitude of 8000 ft.RESULTS: Suborbital G profiles generated highly dynamic changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. G-induced hypoxemia was observed, with minimum arterial oxygen saturation < 80% in a quarter of subjects. Increased age was associated
with greater hypoxemia and reduced cardiac output responses but did not have detrimental cardiovascular effects. ECG changes included recurrent G-induced trigeminy in one individual. Respiratory and visual symptoms were common, with 88% of subjects reporting greyout and 29% reporting blackout.
There was one episode of G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC).DISCUSSION: Suborbital acceleration profiles are generally well tolerated but are not physiologically inconsequential. Marked hemodynamic effects and transient respiratory compromise could interact with predisposing
factors to precipitate adverse cardiopulmonary effects in a minority of participants. Medically susceptible individuals may benefit from expanded preflight centrifuge familiarization that includes targeted physiological evaluation in the form of a ‘G challenge test’.Smith
TG, Pollock RD, Britton JK, Green NDC, Hodkinson PD, Mitchell SJ, Stevenson AT. Physiological effects of centrifuge-simulated suborbital spaceflight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(12):830–839.
Protective Effect of 0.1% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solution Pre-Rinse against Oral Bacteria and Bacterial Aerosol Contamination during Ultrasonic Scaling
Authors:   The Korean Society of Oral Health Science, Jang Kyeung-Ae , Hwang Se-Hyun
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CGS) against oral microorganism and to confirm contamination of personal protective equipment and environment of dental clinic by bacterial aerosol during ultrasonic scaling. Methods: Scaling was performed by a dental hygienist after 0.1% CGS pre-rinse to a total of 18 healthy subjects without oral inflammation. Samples were taken from personal protective equipment and environment to confirm contamination by bacterial aerosol. Results: The most contaminated area with bacterial aerosol was the dental hole towel of patient and followed by the chest, cap, gloves, and dental apron of personal protective equipment. The areas with high CGS pre-rinse effect after scaling were cap, gloves, ultrasonic scaler handle, and dental hole towel. Conclusions: 0.1% CGS pre-rinse is an effective method to consistently reduce the risk of periodontitis and contamination by bacterial aerosol in dental treatment including scaling.
A Study on Convergence of Color and Music in the Movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Gao Yu , Choi Myungsook
Published: December 2022

The film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) directed by Ang Lee, known as one of the new era of Chinese martial arts films, is the first film in Chinese film history to win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Tan Dun, a composer and conductor, won the 73rd Academy Awards for Best Original Music in 2001 by the music of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. In 2002, he won the 44th Grammy Award for Best Original Film Music Album, and began to receive extensive attention. This paper explored Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon with strong oriental color and traditional music and investigated the Chinese traditional color view and aesthetic thought of director Ang Lee by his pursuit of the costume color and modeling of the main characters in the film. At the same time, through the music of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon that throughout the film, to show the music creation characteristics of the integration of eastern and western music of Tan Dun.
The Study on the Effectiveness of Human Services for Foreign Workers in Korea
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Lee Hyunah , Oh Jeonghoon , Hwang Yoonyeong
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to understand the necessity and effectiveness of human services for foreign workers in Korea. The residence qualifications of foreign workers staying in Korea are E-9 and H-2. Of these, E-9 is the subject of investigation. It is necessary to maximize efficiency by converging related services by ministries through various social phenomena caused by the inflow of foreigners into Korea. Accordingly, we propose a human service integration model. The research method is based on the survey analysis. The expectations of foreign workers before using the human service and the satisfaction of foreign workers after using the human service were surveyed face-to-face with an interpreter from the relevant country. The target is 71 people, 35 before using the service and 36 after using the service. As a result, it was concluded that it was necessary to provide integrated administrative services to eradicate the illegal residence rate by improving human dignity and the quality of life of foreign workers. In addition, welfare services such as public welfare, health, employment, and education are importantly highlighted, suggesting that the integrated human service model should be expanded and developed. The survey will be continuously surveyed every three to five years and accumulated as data for future comparative analysis studies.
Regional Reorganization of Silk Production in the Yeongsan River during the Japanese Colonial Period: Focusing on Jangseong, Naju, Damyang, Hwasun and Hampyeong
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Choi Seungyeun
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the regional reorganization of sericulture production during the Japanese colonial period through oral data through field surveys centering on five areas of Yeongsan River where Jeollanam-do Jongbang Village was formed; Jangseong, Naju-si, Damyang, Hwasun, Hampyeong and the following conclusions were drawn. First, before the Japanese colonial period, these survey areas maintained the traditional way of raising silkworm cocoons since the Joseon Dynasty, Second, silkworm cocoons and mulberry trees were converted into Japanese-style improved species during the Japanese colonial period, and the relevant rural offices actively intervened in this process, Third, silkworm cocoons produced in five survey areas were sold and distributed through a joint sales office managed by the Japanese, Fourth, it was also confirmed that around the five regions during the Japanese colonial period, there was actually a large-scale mulberry field created by Japan which raised silkworm cocoons.
Issues for Maintaining the Consistency of Parallel Historical Vocabulary Dictionary
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Choi Jun
Published: December 2022

This study has two purposes: first, it introduces the macro- and micro-features of the East Asian Wooden Tablet Dictionary(EAWD) with parallel structures in the lexical information arrangement of Korea, China, and Japan, and second, it shares important issues arising from the establishment of guidelines to maintain compilation consistency with three sub-builders. The EAWD is planned to be built in a web-based dictionary format to describe in parallel the entries of the vast Chinese character and Chinese character vocabulary contained in the three East Asian countries' wooden data. Regarding the maintenance of consistency in the form and content description of the headwords arranged in parallel, we discussed the unregistered Chinese character processing in the form section, and the corresponding vocabulary replacement and the writing form of the meaning explanation in the meaning/use section.
Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Adult Attachment and Interpersonal Ability of College Students
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Jeong Gwiyeon
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between adult attachment and interpersonal ability of college students. The subjects of this study were 360 university students attending three four-year universities in D city. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical program. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, there was a significant negative correlation between adult attachment and interpersonal ability, a significant negative correlation between adult attachment and resilience, and a significant positive correlation between interpersonal ability and resilience. Second, as a result of confirming the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between adult attachment and interpersonal ability of college students, it was found that attachment anxiety was fully mediated and attachment avoidance was partially mediated. This study is significant in that it presented a theoretical basis for applying resilience to interventions to improve interpersonal skills of college students.
A Case Study of the Picture Book-oriented Infant Culture and Art Education Lectures with the Flipped Learning
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Yeon Hye Min
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is designing, applying, and assessing the picture book-oriented infant culture and art education lectures with flipped learning. The subjects of this study are twenty-eight freshmen who major in Early Childhood Education in T University, Pusan, South Korea. The lectures based on flipped learning were demonstrated for two hours, once a week, for ten weeks among a total fifteen weeks. The assessment of the lectures was analyzed based on survey and reflective journal. According to the survey result, video lectures' convenience was evaluated the highest, and the relationship between the usefulness of prior learning and the entire class was positively evaluated. Analysis of reflective journals showed four different categorization results ; Effective learning, unconstained learning, difficulty of prior learning, and difficulty of communication. This study provides meaningful implications for the development of various subjects applying flipped learning by presenting specific plans for the design and application of flipped learning-based classes in early childhood education subjects.
An Analysis of Influencing Factor of Difference in Cultural Consumption among Regions in China
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Jin Xuehua , Bian Ailian
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factor of difference in culture consumption among regions in China. For the purpose, the impact relationships were analyzed with the consumer price index, income, education level, share of tertiary industry, and import/export amounts as major factors. The results showed that the consumer price index and cultural consumption have a negative (-) correlation. In addition, it was found that there were clear difference in education level among reasons and that the share of tertiary industry has some effects on difference in cultural consumption among regions. The import/export amounts of each region also found to have positive (+) correlation with cultural consumption level. This study is expected to contribute to the development of theoretical and practical measures for promoting cultural consumption in each region in China.
A Study on the Effect of Childcare Stress of Teachers with Disabilities on Teacher Efficacy: Parental Expectations and Participation, Implementation of Childcare Courses, Empowerment Multi-mediating Effect
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Yun Ilhyun
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of childcare stress of teachers with disabilities on teacher efficacy, and to empirically analyze the multi-mediating effects of parental expectations and participation, implementation of childcare courses, and empowerment. The subjects were 349 teachers in charge of disability in areas G and J. Analysis was performed using the SPSS Process macro. The result is as follows. Second, in the relationship between childcare stress and teacher efficacy, parental expectation and participation, implementation of childcare courses, and empowerment had parallel and serial mediating effects. Third, simple mediation, double mediation, and triple mediation were found in the relationship between childcare stress and teacher efficacy. Based on the research, a reinterpretation of childcare stress of teachers in charge of disabilities, development of an empowerment program, and follow-up research were proposed.
Kayseri Çimento Fabrikasında Kaza Risk Faktörlerinin Fine-Kinney Metodu ile Analizi
Authors: DELİBALTA Mahmut Suat , TÜRKMEN Ozan Tuna
Published: December 2022

Madencilik ve inşaat, ülkelerin sosyo-ekonomik kalkınma ve istihdam yaratmalarına katkıda bulunan lokomotif sektörlerdir. Ancak; bu sektörler her an kaza risk faktörlerini bünyesinde barındıran, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) yönünden çok tehlikeli iş kollarıdır. Türkiye’de yaşanan iş kazalarının %46,4’ü ve buna bağlı ölümlerin %41,1’i maden, inşaat ve metal sektörlerinde meydana gelmektedir. Çimento sektörü ülkemiz ekonomisine büyük katkılar sağlamış ve sağlamaya devam etmektedir. Fakat çimento sanayiinde çalışanlar pek çok istenmeyen iş kazasına maruz kalmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Kayseri çimento fabrikası hammadde sahalarından üretim süreçlerine kadar yaşanabilecek muhtemel iş kazası risk faktörleri Fine-Kinney Metodu (FKM) ile analiz edilmiştir. Tespit edilen mevcut riskleri kabul edilebilir risk seviyesine indirgemek için, düzeltici önleyici faaliyetler (DÖF) belirlenerek çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Social Cohesion and Community Displacement in Armed Conflict: Evidence from Palestinian Villages in the 1948 War
Authors: Arnon Daniel , McAlexander Richard , Rubin Michael
Published: December 2022

Why do some communities flee their homes during armed conflict, while others remain and risk exposure to further violence? This article investigates whether and how whole communities flee home territory, which we refer to as evacuation, in the context of strategic displacement campaigns. We explain variation in the process of forced displacement. Specifically, we differentiate between preemptive (prior to displacement violence) and violent (in response to displacement violence) evacuation. We theorize that social cohesion enhances communities’ ability to preemptively evacuate by facilitating collective action to evade imminent violence exposure. We test the theory in the context of Arab Palestinian communities’ displacement during the 1948 war in Mandate Palestine. We measure village evacuation drawing upon historical accounts of forced displacement during the war and social cohesion using an original dataset based on new archival material from a survey of Arab Palestinian villages conducted during the early 1940s.
Undead Past: What Drives Support for the Secessionist Goal of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in Nigeria?
Authors: Tuki Daniel
Published: December 2022

Although the secessionist conflict in Nigeria’s Eastern Region has persisted for over two decades and become increasingly violent, no study has, to the best of my knowledge, examined the factors influencing support for secession using representative data for Nigeria. This study fills that gap. Relying upon the horizontal inequalities (HEs) theory, this study examines the effect of ethnic marginalization and socioeconomic condition on support for secession. Among members of the Igbo ethnic group, perceived ethnic marginalization at the group level was found to correlate positively with support for secession. Socioeconomic condition was measured at the individual, household, and communal levels. The individual and household measures had no effect on support for secession, but the communal measure did. However, the results contravened the prediction of the HEs theory: improvements in socioeconomic condition at the communal level rather increased the likelihood of supporting secession.
NIKAH HALALA: MISCONCEPTION AND REALITY
Authors: RASHEED HAROON
Published: December 2022

Muslim personal law is mired in controversies, and political parties reap political benefits, with reforms done without consultation with Muslim women. The Supreme Court of India has agreed to re constitute a Constitutional Bench for validity of Nikah halala and Polygamy after retirement of two judges. In this article, I will examine the unislamic practice of Nikah Halala, media portrayal, and I argue that the Quran talks about the concept of Intervening marriage without pre planned divorce. Media has described Nikah Halala as an Islamic practice without any basis from Islamic Law.
Clinical outcomes of vinorelbine loading CalliSpheres beads in the treatment of previously treated advanced lung cancer with progressive refractory obstructive atelectasis
Authors: Ma Xu , Zheng Di , Zhang Jie , Dong Yu , Li Lingling , Jie Bing , Jiang Sen
Published: December 2022

Background: Drug-eluting beads bronchial arterial chemoembolization (DEB-BACE) has been used in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer and has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce recurrence. However, DEB-BACE shows a poor therapeutic effect in advanced lung cancer after failure of multiple therapies. This study assessed the effect of DEB-BACE in the treatment of progressive lung cancer with refractory obstructive atelectasis.

Methods: Progressive advanced lung cancer patients with refractory obstructive atelectasis were voluntarily enrolled in this study after failure of multiple conventional therapies. Baseline information, DEB-BACE treatment process, and changes in clinical symptoms were recorded. The primary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and improvement rate of dyspnea. The secondary endpoints were time-to-progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and rate of pulmonary re-expansion. Treatment-related adverse events and serious adverse events were analyzed to assess the safety of DEB-BACE. The Cox regression model was performed to analyze the possible factors impacting prognosis of DEB-BACE.

Results: DEB-BACE was successfully performed with CalliSpheres beads loaded with vinorelbine in the 20 enrolled patients. ORR and disease control rate were 80% and 85%, respectively, at the first follow-up (43.4 ± 15.26 days). The improvement rate of dyspnea was 85% and 80% at 1 week and 1 month (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001), respectively. TTP was 41.25 ± 14.43 days and 89.55 ± 61.7 days before and after DEB-BACE, respectively; DEB-BACE delayed the progression of advanced lung cancer (p < 0.0001). OS was 238.03 ± 33.74 days (95% confidence interval: 171.9–304.16). The rate of pulmonary re-expansion was 80% at the first follow-up. The reasons for poor prognosis were tumor necrosis, longer disease duration, and pulmonary atelectasis duration (p = 0.012, p = 0.038, p = 0.029). Massive hemoptysis was observed in two cases, and one patient died of asphyxia caused by hemoptysis. Moderate hemoptysis occurred in one case. All three adverse events were considered as the result of the tumor cavity after DEB-BACE.

Conclusion: DEB-BACE loaded with vinorelbine is a feasible option for progressive advanced lung cancer with obstructive atelectasis after failure of other treatments.
Advances in artificial intelligence applications for ocular surface diseases diagnosis
Authors: Ji Yuke , Liu Sha , Hong Xiangqian , Lu Yi , Wu Xingyang , Li Kunke , Li Keran , Liu Yunfang
Published: December 2022

In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, continual optimization of various learning algorithms and architectures, and establishment of numerous large databases, artificial intelligence (AI) has been unprecedentedly developed and applied in the field of ophthalmology. In the past, ophthalmological AI research mainly focused on posterior segment diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and glaucoma optic neuropathy. Meanwhile, an increasing number of studies have employed AI to diagnose ocular surface diseases. In this review, we summarize the research progress of AI in the diagnosis of several ocular surface diseases, namely keratitis, keratoconus, dry eye, and pterygium. We discuss the limitations and challenges of AI in the diagnosis of ocular surface diseases, as well as prospects for the future.
Increased Caribbean seismicity and volcanism during minima in Earth’s rotation rate: Search for a physical mechanism and a 2030 forecast
Authors: Bilham Roger , Szeliga Walter , Mencin David , Bendick Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Three quarters of all Mw ≥ 6.6 earthquakes and volcanic eruptions surrounding the Caribbean plate occur preferentially during periods of decadal minima in Earth’s angular spin velocity. This correlation is revealed most clearly as a 4–6 years phase lag following the first derivative of the length of the day (LOD), Earth’s angular deceleration. We show that local strains and displacements resulting from oblateness changes, or plate boundary stresses associated with changes in tropical rotation rates are orders of magnitude lower than those typically associated with earthquake or volcano triggering. Notwithstanding the absence of a satisfactory causal physical mechanism, the relationship permits decadal trends in Caribbean tectonic hazards to be anticipated many years before their occurrence. The next period of increased tectonic activity in the Caribbean, corresponding to a probable slowing in Earth’s spin rate, will occur in the decade starting on or about 2030.
Association between weight change and risk of metabolic abnormalities in non-overweight/obese and overweight/obese population: A retrospective cohort study among Chinese adults
Authors: Dai Yanyan , Li Yujuan , Yang Shu , Xu Weiwei , Jia Hong , Yang Chao
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To explore the effects of weight change on the risk of metabolic abnormalities in the Chinese population.

Methods

A total of 1895 metabolically healthy adults aged 21–78 years completed anthropometric and biological measurements at baseline (2012) and at an eight year follow-up (2020). Based on absolute weight change and relative weight change, the participants were split into five classes. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the risk of metabolic abnormalities using stable weight as the reference group. Stratified analysis was used to explore this relationship in participants with different baseline body mass index (BMI) levels.

Results

During the follow-up period, 35.41% of the participants retained a stable weight, and 10.71% had metabolic abnormalities. After covariate adjustment, for every kilogram gained over eight years, the risk of developing metabolic abnormalities increased by 22% (RR: 1.094; 95% CI: 1.063–1.127). Compared with stable weight participants, weight gain of 2–4 Kg and weight gain ≥ 4 Kg exhibited significantly higher risks of metabolic abnormalities, with RR of 1.700 (95% CI 1.150–2.513) and 1.981 (95% CI 1.372–2.859), respectively. A weight gain of ≥ 4 Kg had an opposite effect on the overweight/obesity and non-overweight/obesity groups, with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities only in the non-overweight/obesity group (RR, 2.291; 95% CI, 1.331–3.942). Moreover, weight loss ≥ 4 Kg significantly reduced the risk of metabolic abnormalities only among overweight/obese adults (RR 0.373; 95% CI 0.154–0.906). Similar results were observed in relative body weight change analyses.

Conclusions

Long-term excessive body weight gain is positively associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities among adults with non-overweight/obesity, whereas long-term body weight loss is a protective factor for metabolic health among adults with overweight/obesity.
Mini review: The role of sensory innervation to subchondral bone in osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Morgan Michael , Nazemian Vida , Harrington Kate , Ivanusic Jason J.
Published: December 2022

Osteoarthritis pain is often thought of as a pain driven by nerves that innervate the soft tissues of the joint, but there is emerging evidence for a role for nerves that innervate the underlying bone. In this mini review we cite evidence that subchondral bone lesions are associated with pain in osteoarthritis. We explore recent studies that provide evidence that sensory neurons that innervate bone are nociceptors that signal pain and can be sensitized in osteoarthritis. Finally, we describe neuronal remodeling of sensory and sympathetic nerves in bone and discuss how these processes can contribute to osteoarthritis pain.
Glycosylation-related molecular subtypes and risk score of hepatocellular carcinoma: Novel insights to clinical decision-making
Authors: Shi Yanlong , Wang Yizhu , Yang Rui , Zhang Wenning , Zhang Yu , Feng Kun , Lv Qingpeng , Niu Kaiyi , Chen Jiping , Li Li , Zhang Yewei
Published: December 2022

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, seriously affecting human community health and care. Emerging evidence has shown that aberrant glycosylation is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of glycosylation-related genes in HCC has notbeen reported.

Methods

Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and non-negative matrix factorization analysis were applied to identify functional modules and molecularm subtypes in HCC. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression was used to construct the glycosylation-related signature. The independent prognostic value of the risk model was confirmed and validated by systematic techniques, including principal component analysis, T-distributed random neighbor embedding analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the ROC curve, multivariate Cox regression, the nomogram, and the calibration curve. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were evaluated by the immune microenvironment and potential biological processes. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to verify the expression of five genes.

Results

We identified the glycosylation-related genes with bioinformatics analysis to construct and validate a five-gene signature for the prognosis of HCC patients. Patients with HCC in the high-risk group had a worse prognosis. The risk score could be an independent factor and was associated with clinical features, such as the grade and stage. The nomogram exhibited an accurate score that included the risk score and clinical parameters. The infiltration levels of antitumor cells were upregulated in the low-risk group, including B_cells, Mast_cells, neutrophils, NK_cells, and T_helper_cells. Moreover, glycosylation was more sensitive to immunotherapy, and may play a critical role in the metabolic processes of HCC, such as bile acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, the five-gene messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were overexpressed in HCC cells and tissues.

Conclusions

The glycosylation-related signature is effective for prognostic recognition, immune efficacy evaluation, and substance metabolism in HCC, providing a novel insight for therapeutic target prediction and clinical decision-making.
Effects of dung beetle activity on tropical forest plants
Authors: Andresen Ellen , Urrea-Galeano Lina Adonay
Published: December 2022

Dung beetles are recognized as providers of important ecosystem functions, most of which are derived from the removal of vertebrate dung from the soil surface. These insects occur in nearly all terrestrial biomes but are most diverse in the humid tropics. Several of the ecological functions attributed to dung beetles are related to their direct and indirect interactions with plants. Among these functions, the secondary dispersal of seeds defecated by mammals has received the most attention in tropical forests. Nonetheless, while several aspects of secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles are relatively well understood, others remain understudied or have not been addressed at all. Thus, a broad generalization about the effects of secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles on plant fitness remains somewhat elusive. Furthermore, other effects of dung beetle activity on tropical plants have received very little attention. A few studies have shown that through their behaviors of dung burial and soil-excavation, dung beetles can shape seed bank structure and dynamics. Also, though numerous greenhouse studies and field experiments in agricultural lands and temperate grasslands have shown that dung beetle activity increases plant nutrient uptake and yield, it is uncertain whether such effects are common in tropical forests. Here, we review and synthesize our current knowledge on how dung beetles affect tropical forest plants by dispersing defecated seeds, shaping the structure and dynamics of seed banks, and influencing the performance of understory seedlings. We focus on the Neotropics, where most studies on the effects of dung beetles on tropical forest plants have been carried out, but we also show results from other regions and biomes, to present a more general picture of these beetle-plant interactions. Throughout the review we emphasize aspects that need more research to allow generalizations and point out those questions that remain unanswered. We hope that this review will stimulate more research about the fascinating interactions between dung beetles and plants in tropical ecosystems.
Two distinct resident macrophage populations coexist in the ovary
Authors: Li Nianyu , Li Zhuqing , Fang Fang , Zhu Chendi , Zhang Wenzhe , Lu Yueshuang , Zhang Rongrong , Si Pinxin , Bian Yuehong , Qin Yingying , Jiao Xue
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are highly heterogeneous and have a complex and important role in tissue support, homeostasis, and function. The heterogeneity, maintenance, and function of TRMs, as one of the major immune cells in the ovary, are not well understood.

Methods

Application of flow cytometry, Parabiosis, Fate mapping, Macrophage depletion, etc.

Results

Here, we described two distinct macrophage subsets, F4/80hiCD11bint and F4/80intCD11bhi, with different phenotypic characteristics in the ovary of mice. The F4/80hiCD11bint population contained a distinct CD206+ subgroup and highly expressed CD81, while the F4/80intCD11bhi subset showed higher expression of CCR2 and TLR2. Notably, Ly6c+ macrophages were present almost exclusively in the F4/80intCD11bhi subpopulation. Combining in vivo fate mapping and parabiotic mouse models, we characterized the longevity and replenishment of the two macrophage populations. We found that both the F4/80hiCD11bint and F4/80intCD11bhi subsets were ovary-resident. Importantly, the F4/80hiCD11bint macrophages acted as a self-maintaining and long-lived population with a modest monocyte contribution at a steady state, and the F4/80intCD11bhi subpopulation had a relatively short lifespan with a greater contribution from monocytes. After macrophage ablation, disturbance of estradiol secretion and ovarian hemorrhage due to damaged vascular integrity was observed in mice.

Discussion

Our data provide critical insights into ovarian macrophage heterogeneity and highlight the strategic role of TRMs in ovarian homeostasis and physiology.
Attenuated Salmonella potentiate PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Al-Saafeen Besan H. , Al-Sbiei Ashraf , Bashir Ghada , Mohamed Yassir A. , Masad Razan J. , Fernandez-Cabezudo Maria J. , al-Ramadi Basel K.
Published: December 2022

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer resulted in unprecedented and durable clinical benefits. However, the response rate among patients remains rather modest. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated the efficacy of using attenuated bacteria as immunomodulatory anti-cancer agents. The current study investigated the potential of utilizing a low dose of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to enhance the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in a relatively immunogenic model of colon cancer. The response of MC38 tumors to treatment with αPD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was variable, with only 30% of the mice being responsive. Combined treatment with αPD-L1 mAb and Salmonella resulted in 75% inhibition of tumor growth in 100% of animals. Mechanistically, the enhanced response correlated with a decrease in the percentage of tumor-associated granulocytic cells, upregulation in MHC class II expression by intratumoral monocytes and an increase in tumor infiltration by effector T cells. Collectively, these alterations resulted in improved anti-tumor effector responses and increased apoptosis within the tumor. Thus, our study demonstrates that a novel combination treatment utilizing attenuated Salmonella and αPD-L1 mAb could improve the outcome of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Pyroptosis relates to tumor microenvironment remodeling and prognosis: A pan-cancer perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Ai Meiling , Du Kunpeng , Song Jingjing , Wang Baiyao , Lin Jie , Ren Anbang , Chen Chengcong , Huang Zhong , Qiu Wenze , Zhang Jiangyu , Tian Yunhong , Yuan Yawei
Published: December 2022

Background and aim

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death implicated in inflammation and disease. Moreover, inducing pyroptosis has been appreciated as anti-cancer therapy for its ability to unleash anti-cancer immune responses.

Methods

Utilizing the data available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), pyroptosis-related genes’ (PRGs) expression, genomic aberrations, and clinical significance were systematically analyzed in pan-cancer. A GSVA score was obtained to rate pyroptosis level and divide the cancers into pyroptosis-low and pyroptosis-high groups. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the differential expression of major PRGs (GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME, NLRP3, NLRC4, IL1B) in selected tumor types (COAD, HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC). Selection of tumors for immunohistochemistry (IHC) was based on their expression pattern in TCGA cancers, clinical relevance, tumor epidemiology, and sample availability.

Results

Differential expression of PRGs was evident in various cancers and associated with prognosis which was driven by genomic variations and epigenetic abnormalities, such as single nucleotide variations (SNVs), copy number variation (CNV) and DNA methylation level. For example, methylation of PRGs in lower grade glioma (LGG), uveal melanoma (UVM) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) were predictive of improved survival as upregulation of PRGs was risky in these cancers. Pyroptosis level significantly differentiated tumor from normal samples in 15 types of cancers, exhibited a progressive trend with cancer stage, observed variation among cancer subtypes, and showed a significant association with cancer prognosis. Higher pyroptosis level was associated with worst prognosis in majority of the cancers in terms of OS (KIRC, LGG, and UVM), PFS (GBM, KIRC, LGG, PRAD, THCA, and THYM) and DSS (KIRC and LGG) as estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Moreover, Pyroptosis level was strongly indicative of a hot tumor immune microenvironment with high presence of CD8+ T cell and other T cell subtypes. Several oncogenic pathways, such as P53 pathway, DNA repair, KRAS signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), IL6 JAK STAT3 signaling, IL2 STAT5 signaling, PI3K AKT MTOR signaling and angiogenesis, were enriched in pyroptosis-hi subgroups across cancers.

Conclusions

Genetic alterations in PRGs greatly influence the pyroptosis level and cancer prognosis. A relatively hot tumor immune microenvironment was associated with pyroptosis irrespective of the cancer prognosis. Overall, our study reveals the critical role of pyroptosis in cancer and highlights pyroptosis-based therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Elevated inflammatory fecal immune factors in men who have sex with men with HIV associate with microbiome composition and gut barrier function
Authors: Littlefield Katherine M. , Schneider Jennifer M. , Neff Charles P. , Soesanto Victoria , Siebert Janet C. , Nusbacher Nichole M. , Moreno-Huizar Nancy , Cartwright Ian M. , Armstrong Abigail J. S. , Colgen Sean P. , Lozupone Catherine A. , Palmer Brent E.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

People living with HIV infection (PLWH) exhibit elevated levels of gastrointestinal inflammation. Potential causes of this inflammation include HIV infection and associated immune dysfunction, sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) and gut microbiome composition.

Methods

To better understand the etiology of gastrointestinal inflammation we examined levels of 28 fecal soluble immune factors (sIFs) and the fecal microbiome in well-defined cohorts of HIV seronegative MSM (MSM-SN), MSM with untreated HIV infection (MSM-HIV) and MSM with HIV on anti-retroviral treatment (MSMART). Additionally, fecal solutes from these participants were used to stimulate T-84 colonic epithelial cells to assess barrier function.

Results

Both MSM cohorts with HIV had elevated levels of fecal calprotectin, a clinically relevant marker of GI inflammation, and nine inflammatory fecal sIFs (GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-12/23, IL-15, IL-16, TNF-β, VCAM-1, and VEGF). Interestingly, four sIFs (GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IL-7 and IL-12/23) were significantly elevated in MSM-SN compared to seronegative male non-MSM. Conversely, IL-22 and IL-13, cytokines beneficial to gut health, were decreased in all MSM with HIV and MSM-SN respectively. Importantly, all of these sIFs significantly correlated with calprotectin, suggesting they play a role in GI inflammation. Principal coordinate analysis revealed clustering of fecal sIFs by MSM status and significant associations with microbiome composition. Additionally, fecal solutes from participants in the MSM-HIV cohort significantly decreased colonic transcellular fluid transport in vitro, compared to non-MSM-SN, and this decrease associated with overall sIF composition and increased concentrations of eight inflammatory sIFs in participants with HIV. Lastly, elevated levels of plasma, sCD14 and sCD163, directly correlated with decreased transcellular transport and microbiome composition respectively, indicating that sIFs and the gut microbiome are associated with, and potentially contribute to, bacterial translocation.

Conclusion

Taken together, these data demonstrate that inflammatory sIFs are elevated in MSM, regardless of HIV infection status, and are associated with the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier function.
Oral supplementation with yeast β-glucans improves the resolution of Escherichia coli-associated inflammatory responses independently of monocyte/macrophage immune training
Authors: Walachowski Sarah , Breyne Koen , Secher Thomas , Cougoule Céline , Guzylack-Piriou Laurence , Meyer Evelyne , Foucras Gilles , Tabouret Guillaume
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Confronted with the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance, the development of alternative strategies to limit the use of antibiotics or potentiate their effect through synergy with the immune system is urgently needed. Many natural or synthetic biological response modifiers have been investigated in this context. Among them, β-glucans, a type of soluble or insoluble polysaccharide composed of a linear or branched string of glucose molecules produced by various cereals, bacteria, algae, and inferior (yeast) and superior fungi (mushrooms) have garnered interest in the scientific community, with not less than 10,000 publications over the last two decades. Various biological activities of β-glucans have been reported, such as anticancer, antidiabetic and immune-modulating effects. In vitro, yeast β-glucans are known to markedly increase cytokine secretion of monocytes/macrophages during a secondary challenge, a phenomenon called immune training.

Methods

Here, we orally delivered β-glucans derived from the yeast S. cerevisiae to mice that were further challenged with Escherichia coli,

Results

β-glucan supplementation protected the mice from E. coli intraperitoneal and intra-mammary infections, as shown by a lower bacterial burden and greatly diminished tissue damage. Surprisingly, this was not associated with an increased local immune response. In addition, granulocyte recruitment was transient and limited, as well as local cytokine secretion, arguing for faster resolution of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, ex-vivo evaluation of monocytes/macrophages isolated or differentiated from β-glucan-supplemented mice showed these cells to lack a trained response versus those from control mice.

Conclusion

In conclusion, dietary β-glucans can improve the outcome of Escherichia coli infections and dampen tissue damages associated to excessive inflammatory response. The mechanisms associated with such protection are not necessarily linked to immune system hyper-activation or immune training.
Ecology and management of the invasive land snail Bulimulus bonariensis (Rafinesque, 1833) (Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae) in row crops
Authors: Rabelo Marcelo Mendes , Dimase Marcelo , Paula-Moraes Silvana V.
Published: December 2022

Solutions for managing the growing populations of the snail Bulimulus bonariensis (Rafinesque, 1833) in row crops, notably peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), are urgently needed in the United States. This species has become a concern to the economy and food security for infesting commercial crops in U.S. southern states. In the present study, sampling, trapping, and management strategies were investigated to support a management program for B. bonariensis in row crops. In addition, the preference of B. bonariensis for species of row crops and weeds, used as a shelter, and snail dispersal capacity were documented. The results indicated that the ideal tools for monitoring and capturing snails are beat cloth and cardboard trap, respectively. Metaldehyde 4% bait produced effective control. Tillage was tested as an alternative cultural management tactic and produced the most promising outcomes in lowering snail populations. According to snail ecological studies, peanut and soybean are the preferred crops used as shelter over cotton and corn. Among eight common winter-growing weeds, the favored non-crop host plants are cutleaf primrose (Oenothera laciniata) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). The snail field population tends to increase as early spring temperatures rise, with more snails becoming trapped in warm, humid conditions but not through heavy precipitation. This study provides ecology information on B. bonariensis and validates tactics to manage this invasive species in row crops, in an IPM approach.