bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habituation reflects optimal exploration over noisy perceptual samples
Authors: Cao Anjie , Raz Gal , Saxe Rebecca , Frank Michael C.
Published: June 2022

From birth, humans constantly make decisions about what to look at and for how long. Yet the mechanism behind such decision-making remains poorly understood. Here we present the rational action, noisy choice for habituation (RANCH) model. RANCH is a rational learning model that takes noisy perceptual samples from stimuli and makes sampling decisions based on Expected Information Gain (EIG). The model captures key patterns of looking time documented in developmental research: habituation and dishabituation. We evaluated the model with adult looking time collected from a paradigm analogous to the infant habituation paradigm. We compared RANCH with baseline models (no learning model, no perceptual noise model) and models with alternative linking hypotheses (Surprisal, KL divergence). We showed that 1) learning and perceptual noise are critical assumptions of the model, and 2) Surprisal and KL are good proxies for EIG under the current learning context.
EZ-CDM for modeling continuous decisions by everyone! Fast, simple, robust, and accurate estimation of circular diffusion model parameters
Authors: Qarehdaghi Hasan , Rad Jamal Amani
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the probing of cognitive processes underpinning choice in continuous-outcome space paradigms has attracted the attention of modeling researchers to provide a dynamic decision theory of speed and accuracy. One of the most important of these continuous models is the circular diffusion model (CDM, Smith, 2016, Psychological Review) which assumes a noisy accumulation process, described mathematically as a stochastic two-dimensional Wiener process on the interior of a disk. Despite the significant advantages of this powerful model, however, due to its mathematical complexity, very few researchers have used the CDM in their work. Here, we propose a simple and easy-to-use method for estimating the CDM parameters and fitting the model on continuous scale data by simple formulas that can be computed easily and needs neither theoretical knowledge of model fitting nor much programming skills. Despite being simple and easy, we show that the method surprisingly works with precision near the maximum likelihood estimation method. Also, we introduce a robust version of the method that is still simple but is almost immune to the contaminant responses. Finally, the actual use of the method for experimental data is given with an example of using the method, alongside estimation of guess probability in data. It is hoped that this simple approach introduced here can, on the one hand, take a step towards bridging the gap between theory and experimental data falling along a continuum, on the other hand, can encourage cognitive psychology researchers to move their laboratory research toward continuous response paradigms.
Democracy and belief in conspiracy theories in New Zealand
Authors: Marques Mathew daCosta , Hill Stephen Robert , Clarke Edward John Roy , Williams Matt N , Ling Mathew , Kerr John R , Douglas Karen , Cichocka Aleksandra , Sibley Chris G
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic supercharged the spread of fake news, misinformation, and conspiracy theories worldwide. Using a national probability sample of adults from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study during 2020 (17–99 years old; M = 48.59, SD = 13.86; 63% women, 37% men; N = 41,487), we examined the associations between agreement with general conspiracy beliefs and political indicators of intention to vote and satisfaction with government, alongside political factors including trust in politicians, political efficacy, identity centrality, and political ideology. Left-wing political ideology, trust in politicians, and political efficacy accounted for most of the explained variance in satisfaction with the government. General conspiracy belief was also a unique contributor to lower satisfaction with the government. We also found a curvilinear relationship between political ideology with heightened belief in conspiracies at both ideological extremes and the centre. Findings are discussed in terms of the consequences of conspiracy belief on democratic engagement.
Advancing Our Understanding of the Associations Between Social Media Use and Well-Being
Authors: Valkenburg Patti M. , Beyens Ine , Meier Adrian , Vanden Abeele Mariek Magdalena Petra
Published: June 2022

The effect of social media use on well-being is among the hottest debates in academia and society at large. Adults and adolescents alike spend around 2-3 hours per day on social media, and they typically use five to seven different platforms in a complementary way, to chat with their friends, to browse others’ posts, and present themselves to their friends and followers. In parallel with this surging social media use, research into its impact on well-being has accumulated rapidly. The aim of this special issue of Current Opinion in Psychology is to inform researchers about the rapidly expanding volume of studies into social media use and well-being. Each of the 26 invited reviews in this issue provides an indispensable overview of the uses and effects of social media use on well-being. A first section of this issue includes reviews that provide theoretical and/or methodological meta-perspectives. A second section focuses on different types of social media use, such as online dating, social gaming, and cyberbullying. A third section reviews the effects of social media use on risk and resilience factors of well-being, such as self-esteem, social comparison, and body image. And a final section pays attention to the uses and effects of social media among special audiences (older people, youth) and in different contexts (the workplace, the Global South). Together, this collection of accessible and inclusive reviews provides interested readers—researchers and practitioners alike—with the conceptual tools and empirical knowledge to assess the state of research into social media use and well-being.
1How reputation does (and does not) drive people to punish without looking
Authors: Jordan Jillian , Kteily Nour
Published: June 2022

Punishing wrongdoers can confer reputational benefits, and people sometimes punish without careful consideration. But are these observations related? Does reputation drive people to people to “punish without looking”? And if so, is this because unquestioning punishment looks particularly virtuous? To investigate, we assigned “Actors” to decide whether to sign punitive petitions about politicized issues (“punishment”), after first deciding whether to read articles opposing these petitions (“looking”). To manipulate reputation, we matched Actors with co-partisan “Evaluators”, varying whether Evaluators observed (i) nothing about Actors’ behavior, (ii) whether Actors punished, or (iii) whether Actors punished and whether they looked. Across four studies of Americans (total n = 10,343), Evaluators rated Actors more positively, and financially rewarded them, if they chose to (vs. not to) punish. Correspondingly, making punishment observable to Evaluators (i.e., moving from our first to second condition) drove Actors to punish more overall. Furthermore, because some of these individuals did not look, making punishment observable increased rates of punishment without looking. Yet punishers who eschewed opposing perspectives did not appear particularly virtuous. In fact, Evaluators preferred Actors who punished with (vs. without) looking. Correspondingly, making looking observable (i.e., moving from our second to third condition) drove Actors to look more overall—and to punish without looking at comparable or diminished rates. We thus find that reputation can encourage reflexive punishment—but simply as a byproduct of generally encouraging punishment, and not as a specific reputational strategy. Indeed, rather than fueling unquestioning decisions, spotlighting punishers’ decision-making processes may actually encourage reflection.
Inequality and the College-to-Career Transition: Building Career-Relevant Cultural and Social Capital on Campus
Authors: Dernberger Brittany
Published: June 2022

American narratives about the value of a college education emphasizes the economic utility of translating a degree into a “good” job after graduation. Youth are encouraged to obtain a college degree as a pathway to economic mobility, however prior research shows that college graduates have a range of employment outcomes after graduation. One way the advantaged maximize their college degree is through optional experiential engagement—the activities that happen outside of the classroom. Drawing on 60 interviews with recent college graduates, I show that effectively maintained inequality manifests through engagement on campus, which then affects the college-to-career transition and post-graduation employment outcomes. Students who engage on campus and work in professional-track jobs typically have smoother college-to-career transitions. Beyond personal choices, I illustrate the role of universities as institutions in shaping access to optional activities outside the classroom that build career-relevant cultural and social capital. Some students seeking college as a pathway to mobility were able to successfully leverage engagement on campus to obtain adequate employment through highly structured programs facilitated by institutional gatekeepers. However, institutional engagement was not enough to rectify pre-college inequalities. My findings reinforce the importance of considering non coursework engagement as a critical lynchpin in the college-to-career transition.
Patterns of Panethnic Intermarriage in the United States, 1980-2018
Authors: Gullickson Aaron
Published: June 2022

Intermarriage among ethnic groups belonging to the same panethnic category (e.g. Asian, Latino) is an important indicator of the strength of panethnicity. Yet, most of the work on panethnic intermarriage uses older samples with significant data limitations. In this article, I use data on recently married couples from the American Community Survey 2014-18 and Census 1980 to analyze the likelihood of ethnic exogamy within the panethnic categories of Latino, East/Southeast Asian, and South Asian. I utilize a counterfactual marriage model that accounts for group size within local marriage markets, eliminates immigrants married abroad from analysis, and controls for birthplace and language endogamy. The results show that birthplace and language diversity are significant barriers to ethnic exogamy among Asians but not Latinos. Once birthplace and language endogamy are held constant, panethnic intermarriage is far more likely among Asians than among Latinos. East/Southeast Asian ethnic exogamy has increased over time, while Latino ethnic exogamy has not. Furthermore, East/Southeast Asian and South Asian intermarriage remains rare, suggesting that panethnic intermarriage among Asians occurs within two separate melting pots.
Early writing: A cognitive archaeological perspective on literacy and numeracy
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: June 2022

This inquiry seeks to understand how the original form of writing in Mesopotamia—the small pictures and conventions of protocuneiform—became cuneiform, a script that could not be read without acquiring the neurological and behavioral reorganizations understood today as literacy. The process is described as involving small neurological and behavioral changes realized, accumulated, and distributed to new users through interactions with and concomitant incremental changes in the material form of writing. A related inquiry focuses on why and how numerical notations differ from other written signs. Crucially, numerical signs instantiate their meaning, a representational mode that contrasts with the signification used to represent non-numerical language and which makes numerical notations contiguous with their unwritten precursors, technologies like fingers, tallies, and counters. Instantiation is related to the perceptual system for quantity; this so-called number sense influences the function and form of numerical signs. Reading is then discussed as a cognitive activity that necessarily involves a material form, a plausible example of extended cognition. Because numerical notations share function and often form with precursor technologies, if the former participate in extended cognition, the latter likely do as well. In conjunction with the contiguity between numerical notations and their unwritten precursors, this complicates the idea that (all) writing is (just) language. Finally, potential follow-on research is suggested.
Ulangan Akhir Semester (UAS) Antropologi dan Pendidikan IPS
Authors: Barokah Syarifah Anisa
Published: June 2022

1.Sebutkan empat fase perkembangan antropologi serta berikan contohnya. 2.Antropologi biologi terbagi dua sebutkan beserta contohnya. 3.Sebutkan pengertian etnologi pembagiannya berserta contohnya. 4.Sebutkan beberapa hubungan-hubungan antropologi dengan ilmu sosial lainnya beserta contohnya sertakan referensi. 4.Hubungan artopologi dengan arkeologi 5.Hubungan artopologi dengan etno-sejarah
Nurul Maulida Arifa/2110128220014/A-2 UAS Ilmu Antropologi dan Pendidikan IPS
Authors: Arifa Nurul Maulida
Published: June 2022

berisi, soal dan jawaban UAS Ilmu Antropologi dan Pendidikan IPS atas nama Nurul Maulida Arifa
Uas Antropologi, mengenai hubungan antropologi dengan ilmu sosial lainnya
Authors: Hidayati Helma
Published: June 2022

Indonesia, antropologi berkembang seiring dengan kolonisasi bangsa-bangsa Eropa ke Hindia. Watak khas suatu bangsa dan potensi kekayaan alamnya dilaporkan secara tertulis oleh para pejabat kolonial. Berbagai laporan itu disebut dengan etnologi. Keaslian masyarakat dipertahankan kemurniannya oleh kolonial. Penjagaan kemurnian tersebut merupakan strategi agar masyarakat setempat tetap lemah dan mudah dikuasai. Hal ini berlangsung terus sampai Belanda angkat kaki dari tanah air. Setelah Indonesia merdeka. antropologi tetap menempati posisi strategis sebagai ilmu yang bermanfaat untuk menjaga ketertiban sosial.
UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER
Authors: Saputra Agus
Published: June 2022

Fase-fase perkembangan Antropologi. Antropologi Fisik atau Antropologi biologi adalah cabang antropologi yang memfokuskan kajiannya di manusia sebagai organisme biologis, yang salah satunya menekankan di kajian persoalan evolusi manusia. Hubungan antroplogi dengan ilmu sosial lainya
Ilmu Antropologi UAS
Authors: Anisa Siti Nor , Hasanah Nurul
Published: June 2022

Antropologi fisik (Physical Antropology/Antropo-biologi) Antropologi fisik mempelajari manusia sebagai organisme biologis yang melacak perkembangan manusia menurut evolusinya dan menyelidiki variasi biologisnya dalam berbagai jenis (spesies). Melalui aktivitas analisis yang mendalam terhadap fosil-fosil dan pengamatan pada primata-primata yang pernah hidup, para ahli antrpologi fisik berusaha melacak nenek moyang jenis manusia untuk mengetahui bagaimana, kapan, dan mengapa kita menjadi makhluk seperti sekarang ini.
Association between Age and Trunk Muscle Area and Density in Patients with Spinal Metastases
Authors: Dohzono Sho , Sasaoka Ryuichi , Takamatsu Kiyohito , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: June 2022

Study Design: A retrospective study.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between age and trunk muscle composition and between trunk muscle composition and overall survival in patients with spinal metastasis.Overview of Literature: A low skeletal muscle mass is associated with a poor overall survival in patients with cancer. However, no previous studies have evaluated the relative effects of age and disease on muscle mass and muscle quality in patients with advanced cancer.Methods: This study included 539 patients diagnosed with spinal metastasis from February 2009 to July 2018. The patients were categorized into four groups based on age: <59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years. Differences in trunk muscle composition among age groups and among groups were classified on the basis of survival (< or >3 months after spinal metastasis diagnosis) were evaluated.Results: In total, 515 patients (273 men, 242 women; mean age, 67.8 years) with complete medical records were included in the analysis. No significant differences were observed in the area of the psoas and paravertebral muscles among age groups in either sex. A significant trend toward a low muscle density with the increase in age was found for both sexes. Patients who survived less than 3 months had significantly smaller trunk muscle area than those who survived for more than 3 months in both sexes.Conclusions: The results suggest that the reduction in muscle density is associated with advanced age, whereas a decreased muscle area is associated with pathology. Additionally, a small trunk muscle area was associated with a short overall survival. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of age- versus cancer-related changes in the muscle area and their influence on overall survival.
Functional Outcome after Spinal Meningioma Surgery
Authors: Jecko Vincent , Loit Marie-Pierre , Houston Deborah , Champeaux-Depond Charles
Published: June 2022

Study Design: A multicenter cross-sectional analytical retrospective study.Purpose: To assess functional outcome (FO) after a spinal meningioma (SM) surgery. Overview of Literature: All studies report functional improvement after SM removal.Methods: We performed an analytical retrospective cohort study at five different institutions. All patients with a diagnosis of SM were included in this study, including those with recurrent tumors. Meningiomas of the foramen magnum were excluded. Useful histopathological characteristics were separately extracted. Surgical resection was evaluated according to the Simpson grading scale. Patient outcomes and clinical states were assessed with the help of their medical records using four different scales: the modified Ranawat score, the Nurick scale, the Prolo score, the Frankel grade, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group–World Health Organization– Zubrod score.Results: Between 1991 and 2018, 417 patients were identified, of which 85.8% were female. The median age at surgery was 67.2 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56.7–76.5). The lesion was located in the thoracic region in 77.9% of the patients, cervical region in 16.8%, and lumbar region in 4.1%. Surgical resection was complete in 95.5% of the cases. Only 0.96% of the patients died within the first postoperative month. Neurological status, which improved in 76.9% of the patients, was unchanged in 17.5% and even worsened in 4.4%. Functional status was assessed using the Ranawat score and Nurick scale, with scores of 1 (IQR, 0–2) (i.e., hyperreflexia and asymptomatic; mean, 1.3±1.3) and 1 (IQR, 0−2) (i.e., signs of spinal cord disease, but no difficulty in walking; mean, 1.2±1.4), respectively. Approximately 10.1% of the patients were not ambulant at the last neurosurgical follow-up visit. Older age at surgery was not significantly associated with a chair-bound status (p =0.427).Conclusions: This large series confirms the favorable FO after spinal meningioma surgery even in the case of seriously impaired preoperative status. A validated scale is needed to assess the factors predicting a worsening of the functional status and guide the management of patients.
Trends in the Charges and Utilization of Computer-Assisted Navigation in Cervical and Thoracolumbar Spinal Surgery
Authors: Dominy Calista L. , Tang Justin E. , Arvind Varun , Cho Brian H. , Selverian Stephen , Shah Kush C. , Kim Jun S. , Cho Samuel K.
Published: June 2022

Study Design: Retrospective national database study.Purpose: This study is conducted to assess the trends in the charges and usage of computer-assisted navigation in cervical and thoracolumbar spinal surgery.Overview of Literature: This study is the first of its kind to use a nationwide dataset to analyze trends of computer-assisted navigation in spinal surgery over a recent time period in terms of use in the field as well as the cost of the technology.Methods: Relevant data from the National Readmission Database in 2015–2018 were analyzed, and the computer-assisted procedures of cervical and thoracolumbar spinal surgery were identified using International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th revision codes. Patient demographics, surgical data, readmissions, and total charges were examined. Comorbidity burden was calculated using the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity index. Complication rates were determined on the basis of diagnosis codes.Results: A total of 48,116 cervical cases and 27,093 thoracolumbar cases were identified using computer-assisted navigation. No major differences in sex, age, or comorbidities over time were found. The utilization of computer-assisted navigation for cervical and thoracolumbar spinal fusion cases increased from 2015 to 2018 and normalized to their respective years’ total cases (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.756, p =0.049; Pearson correlation coefficient=0.9895, p =0.010). Total charges for cervical and thoracolumbar cases increased over time (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.758, p =0.242; Pearson correlation coefficient=0.766, p =0.234).Conclusions: The use of computer-assisted navigation in spinal surgery increased significantly from 2015 to 2018. The average cost grossly increased from 2015 to 2018, and it was higher than the average cost of nonnavigated spinal surgery. With the increased utilization and standardization of computer-assisted navigation in spinal surgeries, the cost of care of more patients might potentially increase. As a result, further studies should be conducted to determine whether the use of computer-assisted navigation is efficient in terms of cost and improvement of care.
PEMODELAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK APUNG, SEBAGAI UPAYA BUDIDAYA TANAMAN SAYURAN DAUN, DI WILAYAH PESISIR TERDAMPAK ROB DAN SALIN
Authors: Handriatni Ari
Published: June 2022

Vegetable plants are plants that are popular with people, apart from tasting good when cooked, they can also be used as fresh vegetables, containing nutritional values, such as vitamins and minerals. This study aims to obtain a modeling system for leaf vegetable cultivation in coastal areas inundated by rob and saline and a formula to suppress extreme climatic conditions. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method, based on data from several research results. From several previous research results, it shows that the cultivation of leaf vegetables in coastal areas inundated by rob and saline can be overcome by modeling a floating hydroponic system, a formula for suppressing extreme climates using a nutrient concentration of 2000 ppm, media of husk or rockwall charcoal, wicks with cloth. flannel, the type of nutrition using AB mix Goodplant and the number of seeds of one seed per hole. Types of leafy vegetables that are suitable are kale and pakcoy. The variables observed included the growth components of leaf vegetable plants which showed very significant differences in the treatment given.
BOOMING TANAMAN HIAS DI SAAT PANDEMI COVID 19, PEMODELAN DESAIN LANSKAP DI KOTA PEKALONGAN
Authors: Handriatni Ari
Published: June 2022

In 2019, the world has experienced a COVID-19 pandemic starting from Wuhan, China. As the virus was getting worst, all of the community activity such as education, economic, and social were restricted. During this time, people have experience bored as their activities were only stay at home to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In general, to overcome this boredom, the community, especially mothers, diverts boredom by farming ornamental plants at home. There are several types of ornamental plants that are commonly planted and dominantly planted, namely Epipremnum aureum, Cactus sp., Aglaonema sp., Anthurium sp., Caladium sp., Monstera sp., Calathea sp.,Sansevierra sp., Alocasia sp., Piperomia sp., Coleus sp.. The usual ornamental plant cultivation techniques include planting plants in pots by first being given a planting medium, usually using a mixture of soil, manure and fresh husks. Ornamental plants are usually purchased in traditional markets, roadside markets or street markets. The maintenance includes watering, changing planting media, providing N, P, K fertilizer or liquid organic fertilizer, providing buffer and pruning. Modeling landscape design in arranging ornamental plants by placing vertically, hanging, stratified or pasted.
Pelaksanaan Metode Pembelajaran Tahfidz Al-Qur’an di Talamau Tahfidz Centre (TTC) Talu, Pasaman Barat
Authors: Mudinillah Adam , Aprilia Nidya Wiken
Published: June 2022

Rumah tahfidz Talamau Tahfidz Centre (TTC) yang berada di Sumatera Barat tepatnya di Talu Pasaman Barat adalah rumah tahfidz yang dengan fasilitas gratis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bagaimana gambaran pelaksanaan pembelajaran serta metode apa yang diajarkan kepada peserta didik dalam menghafal Al-Qur’an di rumah tahfidz Talamau Tahfidz Centre (TTC) tersebut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (Field Reseach) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran tahfidz Al-Qur’an di rumah tahfidz Talamau Tahfidz Centre (TTC) ini terdiri dari dua tingkatan yaitu untuk anak yang belum mengenal huruf hijaiyah dan Al-Qur’an (belum mampu membaca) pada tingkatan ini umumnya untuk anak usia dini dan sekolah dasar, dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode Talaqqi sedangkan untuk yang sudah mengenal Al-Qur’an (yang sudah mampu membaca Al-Qur’an) umumnya untuk anak usia SLTP dan SLTA dengan cara menghafal sendiri dan setelah itu baru setoran hafalan, pada setiap pertemuan 30 menit pertama melakukan muraja’ah setelah itu baru menambah hafalan, dan setoran hafalan  dengan menggabungkan hafalan yang sebelumnya dengan hafalan yang baru, metode yang digunakan adalah metode Wahdah
The Relationship Between Stressful Study And Students’ Sleep Pattern During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mulyati Sri , Sisrazeni Sisrazeni
Published: June 2022

Covid 19 pandemic that required students to study online affected university students psychologically. This study aims to determine the relationship between stressful learning and sleep patterns of Bimbingan dan Konseling department students in Covid 19 pandemic era. Correlational design of quantitative approach was used in this research. Sample was chosen by using saturated sampling technique and data were collected by distributing a Likert scale questionnaire to the sample. Data then were analyzed using Product-moment formula. The finding described that there was a significant relationship between stressful learning and sleep patterns. Thus, the higher the students’ stress level in learning, the worse the students’ sleep pattern during Covid-19 pandemic.
Applying Microsoft Office 365 in learning Islamic Education (PAI) amid Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Akbar Ali , Fajri Nurul
Published: June 2022

Distance learning is the right choice during Covid 19 pandemic. Because of this reason, an appropriate application is needed to support the distance learning process. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of Microsoft Office 365 as an instructional media in learning PAI virtually. This was a case study research which used observation and interview techniques to collect the data. Data were analyzed thematically by reducing, displaying, and concluding data. The result of the study described that Microsoft Office 365 could be used by teachers as an instructional media of online learning during Covid 19 pandemic. The available features could support virtual learning system and optimized the process of distance learning. Therefore, students could learn well during pandemic.
The Implementation of REACT Strategy in Training Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Authors: Herlina Elda , Ilmadi Ilmadi
Published: June 2022

This study aims to investigate the implementation of REACH strategies in training students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) on critical thinking aspects. This research was a qualitative study. research type of research was descriptive research by using a qualitative approach. The research informants were student of the Mathematics Department of Mathematics and Science Faculty of Pamulang University.  Techniques used in data collection were observation, interview and documentation. The results of data analysis showed that REACT strategies can be used to improve HOTS skills in students’ critical thinking. Moreover it encouraged students to be active in participating in lectures. Students gave a very good response regarding the use of REACT strategies. This strategy must be used continuously for better learning outcomes, especially the Higher Order Thinking Skill, it can be exemplary achieved not only in critical thinking but also in the creative thinking.
Female Teacher Workload, Problem, and Social Competence: A Study on Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Hendriani Suswati , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Deswita Deswita , Khairina Khairina
Published: June 2022

Heavy workload has become a problem of many female teachers in the world. Finding out how workload has impacted teachers’ job effectiveness worth searching. The respondents of the research were were 78 secondary school female teachers in Tanah Datar Regency.  The data of the research were collected through a google-form.  The data were analyzed through Descriptive Statistics. The study results show that female teachers are over-burdened with their tasks at school and at home, face many problems like having negative feeling to themselves, having no leisure time, lacking of social responsibility and participation in school activities and house work, being not optimal in job performance, being exhausted, feeling lack of energy, getting problem in time management,   doing social withdrawal, and having lower social competence after the issuance of the new regulation. Therefore, it is recommended that the new government regulation of teacher workload be quitted in order that better education quality is achieved.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Suplai Beban PLTS Menggunakan Pulse Width Modulation dan Real Time Clock
Authors: Pangkung Andareas , Qamariah Shiti , Abadi Sukma , Intan Mayasari Nur
Published: June 2022

The increasing need for energy makes people prefer to develop alternative energy. The sun is the main source of energy to the earth's surface. In sunny weather conditions, solar energy is about 1000 Watt/m2. The cheap source of solar energy causes many parties to use its energy, one of which is for street lamp lighting. The limited time of the sun to produce energy must be make solar energy is stored in batteries so that it can be used at night. However, the battery also has limitations in storing energy which results in less efficient use of PLTS. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the loading using a controller that is able to regulate how much energy the battery must release according to the needs at that time so that there is no more wasted battery expenditure. With this controller, alternative energy will be used more efficiently. Making the tool begins by looking for some reference components that are capable of being the main material, then doing assembly and continuous testing of the tool to see if the controller runs as desired. It is hoped that this tool can be applied on roads and other places that require load supply regulation. The test results during the tool making process prove that the presence of a load supply regulator controller makes the battery more efficient to use
Dry eye disease in keratoconus: etiology and medical treatment
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Averich V.V.
Published: June 2022

This paper reviews published data on the studies on keratoconus associated with dry eye disease (DED) presentations. Despite the lack of a direct correlation between DED and keratoconus, many studies have demonstrated that keratoconus is associated with DED in more than 80% of cases. The author describes major endogenous and exogenous (inflammatory, immune/allergic, mechanical, neuropathic) factors triggering the development and association of these conditions. Approaches to the medical treatment of disorders resulting from the association of these entities are discussed. The primary management strategy implies tear film and ocular surface protection with tear substitutes based on the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid. In the lack of the effect of tear substitutes or in rigid gas permeable contact lens wearers, gel-based dexpanthenol in high concentrations is recommended. This treatment significantly increases drug bioavailability and prolongs the ocular surface reparation. Scleral contact lenses ensuring intact corneal epithelium and high visual acuity in irregular astigmatism caused by keratoconus are also used for corneal protection and DED therapy. Keywords: keratoconus, keratectasia, dry eye disease, epitheliopathy, tear film. For citation: Averich V.V. Dry eye disease in keratoconus: etiology and medical treatment. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(2):122–126 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-2-122-126.
Blepharoplasty: historical aspects, terminology, and modern ideas
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kazantsev A.D. , Kazantseva E.P. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Alekseev I.B. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

Visual contact is one of the important aspects of non-verbal communication. The look of every person is unique, it emphasizes individuality and represents what is happening in the inside and emotional experience. When we look in the eyes, we gain our first impression of an interlocutor and his/her psych evaluation. Irreversible changes of periorbital tissues of the upper face occur with aging. They result in the functional changes and visible cosmetic defects, thereby negatively affecting psychological social status and provoking eyelid discomfort. Patients refer to specialists (plastic or ocular surgeons) to address these age-related issues. Blepharoplasty is a popular, effective, and safe surgical procedure to reconstruct periorbital soft tissues. The history of blepharoplasty began in the 10th century when a Persian scientist Avicenna described a technique of removing the excessive overhanging skin of the upper lids. Later on, blepharoplasty goes through a long way of development, evolution, and practice. Blepharoplasty is no less important today, being one of the most common esthetic procedures of plastic surgery worldwide. Modern, highly effective diagnostic tools and professional medical equipment allow for an accurate prediction of surgical outcome, thereby emphasizing the importance of the conception "desired changes — realistic expectations". This paper reviews the historic aspects and current views on blepharoplasty, and professional terminology used by plastic and ocular surgeons specializing in esthetic eyelid surgery. Keywords: blepharoplasty, history of blepharoplasty, plastic surgery, eye surgery, periorbital area, professional terminology, current ideas, preoperative planning, reconstruction of eyelid soft tissues. For citation: Kazantsev A.D., Kazantseva E.P., Alekseev I.B. Blepharoplasty: historical aspects, terminology, and modern ideas. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(2):127–131 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-2-127-131.
Functional tests in children with type 1 diabetes and their correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels
Authors:   Kazakhstan Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abdulina V.R. , Stepanova I.S. ,   Kazakhstan Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2022

Aim: to assess correlations between ocular ultrasound (US) biometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients and Methods: 79 children were enrolled. The control group included 52 age-matched healthy children. Axial length (AL, mm) and lens thickness (LT, mm) were measured by US. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by OCT (Cirrus 2000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany). Correlation analysis to assess the relationship between HbA1c, US, and OCT was performed. Results: 55.7% of the participants were boys (n=44) and 44.3% were girls (n=35). Children were assigned into six groups depending on HbA1c levels. Group 1 (HbA1c <6.0%) included 8 children, group 2 (HbA1c 6.1–7.0%) 29 children, group 3 (HbA1c 7.1–8.0%) 21 children, group 4 (HbA1c 8.1–9.0%) 8 children, group 5 (HbA1c 9.1–10%) 5 children, and group 6 (HbA1c >10%) 8 children. The mean AL was 22.7±1.1 mm. The greatest AL was reported in groups 2 and 4, while the least AL was reported in groups 3 and 6. The greatest LT was reported in groups 4 and 6. In group 1, LT was similar to those in the control group. In all groups but group 2, CCT was greater than in controls. CMT demonstrated a negative correlation with HbA1c levels in the study groups. CMT was the greatest in children with T1D of 5 years’ durati Conclusion: in children with T1D, US and OCT findings correlate with HbA1c levels and T1D duration. Ocular biometry, CCT, and CMT measurements are useful tests illustrating the level of compensation of systemic disease. Dynamic assessment of these parameters will help develop indicators of diabetic retinopathy in children with T1D. Keywords: diabetes, ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, glycated hemoglobin. For citation: Abdulina V.R., Stepanova I.S. Functional tests in children with type 1 diabetes and their correlation with hemoglobin A1c levels. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(2):99–102 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-2-99-102.
Elvira Geluz Ilano-Colmenar, MD (1930 – 2021)
Authors: Colmenar Manuel Tomas
Published: June 2022

A fighter through and through, my mother Elvie passed away at the age of 90 in St. Luke’s, Quezon City due to cancer. During her last days in the hospital, with nurses and attendings rushing back and forth her room with various equipment, she would often marvel at how medicine has advanced since her younger years. “Iba na talaga ngayon…”, she would say, followed by a pained chuckle and a faraway look in her eyes. While times have certainly changed and continue to do so, this did not hinder my mom from being the best doctor she could be.

Born in Imus, Cavite, Elvie was the youngest daughter in a family of eight children. Her father passed when she was just a toddler, so they were raised single-handedly by her mother since then. She was known as ‘Tia Elvie’ to her nieces and nephews, whom she nurtured and cared for dearly. She finished Medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in 1954, and beauty and brains that she was, was also a candidate for Miss Medicine in that year. She then pursued her residency in Otolaryngology at King’s County Hospital, Brooklyn New York in 1960. She married the love of her life, Manolo Colmenar in 1964.

Dr. Colmenar established her practice in St. Luke’s, where she joined the staff of the EENT Department at Cathedral Heights, Quezon City and was subsequently appointed the first Chairperson of our very own ENT-HNS Department in 1987. She worked very hard to establish an accredited residency training program, all while serving as a beacon and guide to our residents and staff. Influenced by her service, my brother Loy and I followed in her footsteps, pursuing our own careers in Dentistry and Medicine later on. She was also a source of inspiration to several of her nieces who later became established physicians in their own fields of specialty, as well as two of her grandchildren who are also pursuing Dentistry and Medicine.

Mom was known for her 30-minute cold knife tonsillectomies, but one thing she would always emphasize was the importance of patient safety over speed. A natural peacemaker, she also served in the hospital ethics committee, where she mediated in settling cases between warring physicians, hospital staff, and patients. This value of hers would also be evident in our clan, as we would always approach her first during times of family crisis. After retirement, she continued her practice at home, mostly for free, until she could no longer do so.

While it broke our hearts to see her go, my mom lived a beautiful and fulfilling life. She will always be remembered as a steadfast doctor, an inspiring mentor, a doting wife, mother, and grandmother, and one of the strongest and most generous women we will ever have the pleasure of knowing. May she rest in peace in the hands of our Lord.
Application of Open-Source 3D Planning Software in Virtual Reconstruction of Complex Maxillofacial Defects
Authors: Caro Dann Joel , Pamintuan Ferdinand
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: To present our in-house 3D planning protocol utilizing open-source computer-aided design software and discuss specific applications in reconstruction of various craniomaxillofacial defects, demonstrating a free, accessible, efficient, accurate, and easily learnable alternative to expensive counterparts.

Methods:

Design: Case Series

Setting: Tertiary Private Training Hospital

Participants: Ten (10) patients who underwent CAD assisted reconstructive surgeries from February 2017 – May 2018.

Results: A total of 10 patients were included; 7 mandibular reconstructions were surgically reconstructed using our 3D planning protocol and achieved symmetric mandibular contour, with good functional occlusion after surgery; 1 cranioplasty and 1 orbital trauma case also achieved good symmetry and adequate correction of enophthalmos respectively. However, inadequate soft tissue correction was seen in 1 case of maxillary reconstruction despite achieving symmetric bony contour.

Conclusion: Our 3D planning protocol using open-source CAD applications is a viable alternative to expensive professional counterparts. Additional prospective studies may better demonstrate benefits in terms of accuracy and decreasing intraoperative time in craniomaxillofacial and head and neck reconstruction.
Uso de Cremes de Camomila e Calêndula na Prevenção de Radiodermatites Agudas em Pacientes com Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado Duplo-Cego
Authors: Andrade Daniele Machado Oliveira , Camargos Mayara Goulart de , Contim Divanice , Pereira Gilberto de Araújo
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A radiodermatite e caracterizada por lesões cutâneas decorrentes da exposição a radiação ionizante, acometendo entre 80%-90% dos pacientes submetidos a radioterapia na região da cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do uso do creme de camomila em relação ao creme de calêndula na prevenção da radiodermatite aguda em participantes submetidos a radioterapia para câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Ensaio clinico randomizado, duplo-cego, prospectivo, com análise quantitativa. Foram avaliados 23 participantes, aleatoriamente designados para o grupo que fez uso do creme de camomila (n=12) ou para o grupo do creme de calêndula (n=11). A pele no campo de irradiação foi avaliada na primeira sessão de radioterapia, a cada cinco sessoes, e após 30 dias do termino do tratamento, de acordo com os critérios da Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram radiodermatite em todas as avaliações, do grau 1 ao 3, exceto na primeira avaliação. O nível médio mais elevado foi observado, em ambos os grupos, na sexta avaliação (2,10±0,73 no grupo do creme de camomila e 2,37±0,51 no de calêndula). No grupo camomila, o maior grau de radiodermatite foi o 3, na quinta e sexta avaliações; enquanto, no calêndula, o grau 3 foi observado pela primeira vez na sexta avaliação, permanecendo até a oitava. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos grupos avaliados. Conclusão: Houve equivalência na efetividade do uso do creme de camomila em relação ao creme calêndula na prevenção de radiodermatites agudas em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em radioterapia.
КОРОТКОСТРОКОВИЙ ПРОГНОЗ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ АТМОСФЕРНОГО ПОВІТРЯ МІСТА ОДЕСА ДІОКСИДОМ АЗОТУ
Authors: ЧУГАЙ Ангеліна , ПОЛЕТАЄВА Лариса , ТЕРЗЕМАН Володимир
Published: June 2022

Якість атмосферного повітря є основною складовою, яка впливає на стан здоров’я населення. Для м. Одеса якість атмосферного повітря є важливою складовою, оскільки місто є одним з рекреаційних і курортних центрів України. Поряд з цим Одеса – промислове місто зі значною кількістю автотранспорту, а також вантажоперевезень через наявність на території міста морського порту. З метою зменшення рівня забруднення атмосферного повітря в регіонах України здійснюється ряд заходів на основі даних моніторингу. Одним з таких заходів є прогнозування забруднення з метою попередження високих рівнів концентрацій окремих забруднюючих речовин. Розробка прогностичної схеми забруднення атмосферного басейну міста може дозволити превентивно реагувати на погіршення якості атмосферного повітря. В цілому питання розробки ефективних схем прогнозу забруднення повітряного басейну є важливою і актуальною задачею для м. Одеса. Метою роботи є дослідження практичного використання методу короткострокового прогнозу рівня забруднення атмосферного повітря на незалежному матеріалі різних років. Прогностична схема була побудована для прогнозування забруднення повітряного басейну м. Одеса діоксидом азоту в літній період. Як прогнозована величина використана середня за добу і по місту нормована концентрація кожної домішки Q, яка являє собою відношення абсолютної концентрації до середньосезонної концентрації домішки. В цілому було складено 108 прогнозів. Для перевірки справджуваності прогнозів були побудовані графіки динаміки фактичних та прогностичних значень рівня забруднення атмосферного повітря діоксидом азоту. При цьому відзначено узгодженість фактичних і прогностичних показників за період дослідження. Отримані результати свідчать про те, що обрані предиктори добре описують процес забруднення атмосфери м. Одеса у літній період. Зазначена прогностична схема може бути рекомендована для впровадження для оперативного прогнозування забруднення атмосфери міста діоксидом азоту.
ГІДРОХІМІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОД В АСПЕКТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВОДНИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ РІЧКИ ЖИДУВКА
Authors: КАРАЇМ Ольга , АХНЮК Мирослава , ЛАВРИНЮК Зоряна , ДЖАМ Олена , ГУЛАЙ Любомир
Published: June 2022

Водні ресурси є необхідною складовою забезпечення життя на Землі. Водночас вони є обмеженими ресурсами, а також, у зв’язку із значним антропогенним впливом, дуже вразливими природними об'єктами. У зв’язку із цим управління водними ресурсами з метою їх охорони та раціонального використання нині стає все актуальнішим. Метою роботи є проведення аналізу гідрохімічних показників поверхневих вод річки Жидувка в аспекті управління її водними ресурсами. До основних чинників у галузі управління і контролю за використанням і охороною вод та відтворенням водних ресурсів належить оцінка екологічного стану басейну річки. У свою чергу ключовим аспектом тут виступає гідрохімічний аналіз її поверхневих вод. Показники вмісту шкідливих речовин у поверхневих водах слугують індикатором визначення їх якості. Piчка Жидувка – є малою pічкою, яка протікає на теритоpiї м. Луцьк і Луцького району. Її довжина становить близько 8,0 км. Довжина у межах міста Луцька 2,43 км. Водозбірна площа 9,7 км2. Площа прибережної захисної смуги на території міста становить 10,7 га. Площа водоохоронної зони у місті 12,92 га. Площа басейну 0,65 км2, середня витрата води – 0,03 м3/с. Для дослідження відбиралися проби води у р. Жидувка в межах м. Луцьк у створах № 1 по вул. Станіславського та № 2 по ву л. Потебні у розpiзі 4 пір року прот ягом 2018–2020 рр. У результаті досліджень встановлено, що поверхневі води piчки не відповідають нормативам. Перевищення концентрацій зафіксовано за вмістом завислих речовин, фосфатів, амоній-йонів, нітритів, заліза, синтетичних поверхнево-активних речовин та хімічним споживанням кисню. Отримані результати дослідження вказують на те, що у зв’язку із динамікою росту антропогенного навантаження на водойму та з метою ефективного управління водними ресурсами річки Жидувка необхідним є постійний моніторинг якості її поверхневих вод та здійснення низки заходів для покращення її екологічного стану.