bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How regime legitimation influences Vietnam's strategy toward US–China strategic rivalry
Authors: Dung Phan Xuan , Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: September 2022

Vietnam has tried to maintain a delicate balance between the United States and China by pursuing a hedging strategy. In a shifting strategic environment marked by structural uncertainty caused by the rise of China, weaker Southeast Asian states like Vietnam are projecting a non-alignment posture. However, this rational behavior is not the product of systemic factors alone but also certain domestic political dynamics. We argue that regime legitimation – how the Vietnam Communist Party seeks to generate and sustain internal and external legitimacy – weighs heavily on Vietnam's strategy toward US–China competition. In particular, three legitimation strategies employed by the Vietnam Communist Party – performance-based legitimation, nationalism-based legitimation vis-à-vis China, and defensive legitimation vis-à-vis “hostile forces” – produce dynamics that ensure Hanoi does not get inadvertently pulled into the orbit of either Beijing or Washington. Theoretically, this article contributes to the literature on domestic determinants of foreign policy with a focus on regime legitimation. Empirically, we seek to supplement the discussion on the salience and relevance of domestic politics in informing Southeast Asian states' strategic calculation amid great-power competition.
Thermoneutrality effects on developmental programming of obesity
Authors: Desai Mina , Torsoni Adrianna S. , Torsoni Marcio A. , Eisaghalian Agnlia , Ferrini Monica G. , Ross Michael G.
Published: September 2022

Developmental programming studies using mouse models have housed the animals at human thermoneutral temperatures (22°C) which imposes constant cold stress. As this impacts energy homeostasis, we investigated the effects of two housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) on obesity development in male and female offspring of Control and FR dams. Pregnant mice were housed at 22°C (cold-exposed, CE) or 30°C (thermoneutrality, TN) room temperature. At gestational age e10, mice were fed either an ad libitum diet (Control) or were 30% food-restricted (FR) to produce low birth weight newborns. Following delivery, all dams were fed an ad libitum diet and maternal mice continued to nurse their own pups. At 3 weeks of age, offspring were weaned to an ad libitum diet and housed at similar temperatures as their mothers. Body weights and food intake were monitored. At 6 months of age, body composition and glucose tolerance test were determined, after which, brain and adipose tissue were collected for analysis. FR/CE and FR/TN offspring exhibited hyperphagia and were significantly heavier with increased adiposity as compared to their respective Controls. There was sex-specific effects of temperature in both groups. Male offspring at TN were heavier with increased body fat, though the food intake was decreased as compared to CE males. This was reflected by hypertrophic adipocytes and increased arcuate nucleus satiety/appetite ratio. In contrast, female offspring were not impacted by housing temperature. Thus, unlike female offspring, there was a significant interaction of diet and temperature evident in the male offspring with accentuated adverse effects evident in FR/TN males.
Meta-Analysis of Factor Analyses of the General Health Questionnaire	– Short Forms GHQ-28 and GHQ-30
Authors: Shafer Alan
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Two meta-analyses of exploratory factor analyses of the General Health Questionnaire short forms, GHQ-28 ( N = 26,848, k = 40) and GHQ-30 ( N = 43,151  k = 25), were conducted to determine the consistent factors found in each test and any common factors across them. Five databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, BASE, Semantic, and Google Scholar) were searched in 2021. Reproduced correlations derived from the original studies’ factor matrices and aggregated across studies were factor analyzed for the meta-analyses. For the GHQ-28, the standard four subscales of somatic, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression were clearly identified and strongly supported by a four-factor structure. For the GHQ-30, a four-factor solution identified factors of anxiety, depression, social dysfunction, and social satisfaction, the first three factors shared a number of items with the same scales found in the GHQ-28. These shared factors appear similar across tests and should help bridge research using the GHQ-30 and the GHQ-28. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the four-factor models in both tests. The four standard subscales of GHQ-28 were strongly supported and can be recommended. The three similar factors in the GHQ-30, as well as the social satisfaction factor, appear reasonable to use.
Delaying Academic Tasks and Feeling Bad About It
Authors: Bobe Julia , Schnettler Theresa , Scheunemann Anne , Fries Stefan , Bäulke Lisa , Thies Daniel O. , Dresel Markus , Leutner Detlev , Wirth Joachim , Klingsieck Katrin B. , Grunschel Carola
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Procrastination is the irrational delay of an intended task and is common among students. A delay can only be defined as procrastination when it is voluntary, the action was intended but not implemented, and the delay is accompanied by subjective discomfort. Established scales of procrastination cover mainly behavioral aspects but have neglected the emotional aspect. This inaccuracy concerning the construct validity might entail misconceptions of procrastination. Accordingly, we developed and validated the Behavioral and Emotional Academic Procrastination Scale (BEPS), which covers all aspects of the definition of procrastination. The 6-item scale measuring self-reported academic procrastination was tested in three studies. Study 1 ( N = 239) evaluated the psychometric qualities of the BEPS, indicating good item characteristics and internal consistency. Study 2 ( N = 1,441) used confirmatory factor analysis and revealed two correlated factors: one covering the behavioral aspect and the other reflecting the emotional aspect. Measurement invariance was shown through longitudinal and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Study 3 ( N = 234) provided evidence for the scale’s convergent validity through correlations with established procrastination scales, self-efficacy, and neuroticism. The BEPS thus economically operationalizes all characteristics of academic procrastination and appears to be a reliable and valid self-report measure.
Evaluating the Effects of Multiscale Heterogeneous Sediments on Solute Mixing and Effective Dispersion
Authors: Ren Wanli , Ershadnia Reza , Wallace Corey D. , LaBolle Eric M. , Dai Zhenxue , de Barros Felipe P. J. , Soltanian Mohamad R.
Published: September 2022

The heterogeneity of sedimentary aquifers can be characterized by parameters related to the underlying sedimentary structure such as physical attributes of sediments (e.g., volume proportions and lengths of facies types). These parameters often reflect multiscale variability typically observed in the hydraulic conductivity field and the resulting fluid velocity. Although there have been many studies of solute transport processes (e.g., dispersion, mixing, and dilution) in heterogeneous media, there is still a lack of understanding of the controlling influence of sedimentary architecture on the time‐evolution of the solute plume's spreading and mixing behavior and their uncertainty. In this work, we used high‐resolution and three‐dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the time‐evolution of the effective dispersion and mixing behavior of the solute through a heterogeneous aquifer that displays multiscale sedimentary architecture. Transport simulations are performed by using the random walk particle tracking method. Our numerical experiments allow us to understand which scale of sedimentary architecture is most relevant to explaining effective dispersion and mixing. We further analyze whether or not the uncertainty in solute spreading and mixing are equally affected by the different spatial organization of sedimentary facies types. We also perform an extensive parametric study to better understand the effect of physical sediment attributes and univariate statistics of hydraulic conductivity (e.g., mean and variance) at the facies scale on both effective dispersion and mixing. Our results indicate that meter‐scale heterogeneity plays a major role in controlling solute transport processes. Moreover, the effective dispersion is more sensitive to the spatial organization of sedimentary facies type.
Arctic Ocean Freshwater in CMIP6 Coupled Models
Authors: Wang Shizhu , Wang Qiang , Wang Muyin , Lohmann Gerrit , Qiao Fangli
Published: September 2022

In this study we assessed the representation of the sea surface salinity (SSS) and liquid freshwater content (LFWC) of the Arctic Ocean in the historical simulation of 31 CMIP6 models with comparison to 39 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, and investigated the projected changes in Arctic liquid and solid freshwater content and freshwater budget in scenarios with two different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5). No significant improvement was found in the SSS and LFWC simulation from CMIP5 to CMIP6, given the large model spreads in both CMIP phases. The overestimation of LFWC continues to be a common bias in CMIP6. In the historical simulation, the multi‐model mean river runoff, net precipitation, Bering Strait and Barents Sea Opening (BSO) freshwater transports are 2,928 ± 1,068, 1,839 ± 3,424, 2,538 ± 1,009, and −636 ± 553 km3/year, respectively. In the last decade of the 21st century, CMIP6 MMM projects these budget terms to rise to 4,346 ± 1,484 km3/year (3,678 ± 1,255 km3/year), 3,866 ± 2,935 km3/year (3,145 ± 2,651 km3/year), 2,631 ± 1,119 km3/year (2,649 ± 1,141 km3/year) and 1,033 ± 1,496 km3/year (449 ± 1,222 km3/year) under SSP5‐8.5 (SSP2‐4.5). Arctic sea ice is expected to continue declining in the future, and sea ice meltwater flux is likely to decrease to about zero in the mid‐21st century under both SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios. Liquid freshwater exiting Fram and Davis straits will be higher in the future, and the Fram Strait export will remain larger. The Arctic Ocean is projected to hold a total of 160,300 ± 62,330 km3 (141,590 ± 50,310 km3) liquid freshwater under SSP5‐8.5 (SSP2‐4.5) by 2100, about 60% (40%) more than its historical climatology.
Tropical Instability Waves and Wind‐Forced Cross‐Equatorial Flow in the Central Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Heukamp Finn Ole , Brandt Peter , Dengler Marcus , Tuchen Franz Philip , McPhaden Michael J. , Moum James N.
Published: September 2022

Based on velocity data from a long‐term moored observatory located at 0°N, 23°W we present evidence of a vertical asymmetry during the intraseasonal maxima of northward and southward upper‐ocean flow in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Periods of northward flow are characterized by a meridional velocity maximum close to the surface, while southward phases show a subsurface velocity maximum at about 40 m. We show that the observed asymmetry is caused by the local winds. Southerly wind stress at the equator drives northward flow near the surface and southward flow below that is superimposed on the Tropical Instability Wave (TIW) velocity field. This wind‐driven overturning cell, known as the Equatorial Roll, shows a distinct seasonal cycle linked to the seasonality of the meridional component of the south‐easterly trade winds. The superposition of vertical shear of the Equatorial Roll and TIWs causes asymmetric mixing during northward and southward TIW phases.
Tropopause‐Level NOx in the Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Dubé Kimberlee , Randel William , Bourassa Adam , Degenstein Doug
Published: September 2022

Deep convection within the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) transports surface level air into the upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere (UTLS). This work aims to understand the distribution of NO2, NO, and NOx in the UTLS ASM anticyclone from satellite measurements. Observations of NO2 from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment ‐ Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station are considered. The PRATMO photochemical box model is used to quantify the NOx photochemistry, and to derive the NOx concentration using OSIRIS NO2 and O3 observations. The satellite data show a relative minimum in NO2 over the ASM in the summer months, while the corresponding NO and NOx anomalies are elevated, mainly due to low O3 and cold temperatures within the ASM. The observations within the ASM show reasonable agreement to simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model.
Early Precursory Changes in the 3He/4He Ratio Prior to the 2021 Tajogaite Eruption at Cumbre Vieja Volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands
Authors: Padrón Eleazar , Pérez Nemesio M. , Hernández Pedro A. , Sumino Hirochika , Melián Gladys V. , Alonso Mar , Rodríguez Fátima , Asensio‐Ramos María , D’Auria Luca
Published: September 2022

We report significant changes in the 3He/4He ratio measured at the Dos Aguas CO2‐rich cold mineral spring (La Palma, Canary Islands) that represent early precursory signals of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption at Cumbre Vieja volcano. Air‐corrected 3He/4He ratio has an average value of 9.80 RA in the last 30 years (1991–2021). Helium isotope ratios higher than the average value were observed during the period 2008–2013 suggesting an input of 3He‐rich less‐degassed magma beneath La Palma lithosphere. Magma ascended in 2017–2018 toward another reservoir located beneath Cumbre Vieja at 10–15 km depth, causing detectable seismic swarms located between 15 and 25 km, followed in 2020 by additional inputs of 3He‐rich less‐degassed magma that intruded at depth. Finally, in 2021 the buoyancy of magma and the pressure of the exsolved gases overcame the lithospheric resistance and a volcanic eruption took place between 19 September and 13 December 2021.
Oceanic Electrical Conductivity Variability From Observations and Its Budget From an Ocean State Estimate
Authors: Trossman D. S. , Tyler R. H.
Published: September 2022

Because spatio‐temporal variations in ocean heat content (OHC) are strongly predicted by ocean conductivity content (OCC) over most of the global ocean, we analyze the dynamical budget and behavior of the electrical conductivity of seawater. To perform these analyses, we use an ocean‐model state estimate designed to accurately represent long‐term variations in ocean properties in a dynamically and kinematically consistent way. We show that this model accurately reproduces the spatio‐temporal variations in electrical conductivity seen in satellite‐derived data and in a seasonal climatology product derived from in‐situ data, justifying use of the model data to perform further analyses. An empirical orthogonal function analysis suggests that the vast majority of the variance in OHC and OCC can be explained by similar mechanisms. The electrical conductivity budget's most important term is the temperature forcing tendency term, suggesting that ocean heat uptake is the mechanism responsible for the strong relationship between OCC and OHC.
Rapid Volcanic Modification of the E‐Region Dynamo: ICON's First Glimpse of the Tonga Eruption
Authors: Gasque L. Claire , Wu Yen‐Jung , Harding Brian J. , Immel Thomas J. , Triplett Colin C.
Published: September 2022

The 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcano eruption drove global atmospheric waves that propagated into space and impacted the ionosphere. Here we show immediate large‐scale electrodynamic effects of the eruption using observations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ionospheric Connection Explorer. We report extreme zonal and vertical ion drifts thousands of kilometers away from Tonga within an hour of the eruption, before the arrival of any atmospheric wave. The measured drifts were magnetically connected to the ionospheric E‐region just 400 km from Tonga, suggesting that the expanding wavefront created strong electric potentials which were transmitted along Earth's magnetic field. A simple theoretical model suggests that the observed drifts are consistent with an expanding wave with a large (>200 m/s) neutral wind amplitude. These observations are the first direct detection in space of the immediate electrodynamic effects of a volcanic eruption and will help constrain future models of impulsive lower atmospheric events.
Reactive Transport Modeling of Mineral Precipitation and Carbon Trapping in Discrete Fracture Networks
Authors: Steefel Carl I. , Hu Mengsu
Published: September 2022

In this study we use numerical experiments to analyze reactive flow and transport behavior in discrete intersecting fracture networks, focusing on (a) how reaction‐induced changes in physical and chemical properties affect flow connectivity and (b) how fracture networks developed in the Earth's critical zone contribute to carbon sequestration via mineral weathering reactions. In the first part of the study, we used two‐dimensional reactive flow and transport simulations to analyze the impacts of mixing in a natural discrete fracture network. We concluded that reaction‐induced changes can substantially alter the flow connectivity, especially at fracture intersections. The second set of simulations considered the problem of natural weathering of fractured mafic and ultramafic rocks in the partially saturated Earth's critical zone as a function of infiltration rates, fracture permeability, and partially saturated flow parameters. As a model system, we considered an incongruent reaction network with dissolution of forsterite and precipitation of magnesite. The behavior is complex in terms of the rate‐controlling processes because of the multicomponent nature of the system as shown by the grid Peclet number: the CO2 behavior is gas diffusion‐controlled in the partially saturated zone, while the rate of water flow via the Damkӧhler number controls Mg2+ transport through the fracture network. The amounts of carbon that can be trapped are modest, but the naturally fractured domain considered here provides a useful “base case” against which various engineered solutions can be compared.
A Meteorology and Snow Data Set From Adjacent Forested and Meadow Sites at Crested Butte, CO, USA
Authors: Bonner Hannah M. , Smyth Eric , Raleigh Mark S. , Small Eric E.
Published: September 2022

We present meteorology and snow observation data collected at sites in the southwestern Colorado Rocky Mountains (USA) over three consecutive water years with different amounts of snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation: A year with above average SWE (2019), a year with average SWE (2020), and a year with below average SWE (2021). This data set is distinguished by its emphasis on paired open‐forest sites in a continental snow climate. Approximately once a month during February–May, we collected data from 15 to 20 snow pits and took 8 to 19 snow depth transects. Our sampling sites were in open and adjacent forested areas at 3,100 m and in a lower elevation aspen (3,035 m) and higher elevation conifer stand (3,395 m). In total, we recorded 270 individual snow pit density and temperature profiles and over 4,000 snow depth measurements. These data are complimented by continuous meteorological measurements from two weather stations: One in the open and one in the adjacent forest. Meteorology data—including incoming shortwave and longwave radiation, outgoing shortwave radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, snow depth, and air and infrared surface temperature—were quality controlled and the forcing data were gap‐filled. These data are available to download from Bonner, Smyth, et al. (2022) at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6618553, at three levels of processing, including a level with downscaled, adjusted precipitation based on data assimilation using observed snow depth and a process‐based snow model. We demonstrate the utility of these data with a modeling experiment that explores open‐forest differences and identifies opportunities for improvements in model representation.
Activating SIRT3 in peritoneal mesothelial cells alleviates postsurgical peritoneal adhesion formation by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Shen Tianli , Wu Yunhua , Wang Xingjie , Wang Zijun , Li Enmeng , Zhou Cancan , Yue Chenyang , Jiang Zhengdong , Wei Guangbing , Lian Jie , Xu Qinhong , Li Xuqi
Published: September 2022

Peritoneal adhesions (PAs) are a serious complication of abdominal surgery and negatively affect the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. However, a clear molecular mechanism and a standard therapeutic strategy for PAs have not been established. Here, we developed a standardized method to mimic the pathological changes in PAs and found that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression was severely decreased in adhesion tissues, which was consistent with our bioinformatics analysis and patient adhesion tissue analysis. Thus, we hypothesized that activating SIRT3 could alleviate postsurgical PAs. Sirt3-deficient (Sirt3−/−) mice exhibited many more PAs after standardized abdominal surgery. Furthermore, compared with wild-type (Sirt3+/+) mice, Sirt3-deficient (Sirt3−/−) mice showed more prominent reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, increased levels of inflammatory factors, and exacerbated mitochondrial damage and fragmentation. In addition, we observed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the adhesion tissues of Sirt3−/− but, not Sirt3+/+ mice. Furthermore, mesothelial cells sorted from Sirt3−/− mice exhibited impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox homeostasis. Honokiol (HKL), a natural compound found in several species of the genus Magnolia, could activate SIRT3 in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that treatment with HKL could reduce oxidative stress and the levels of inflammatory factors and suppress NLRP3 activation in vivo, reducing the occurrence of postsurgical PAs. In vitro treatment with HKL also restored mitochondrial bioenergetics and promoted mesothelial cell viability under oxidative stress conditions. Taken together, our findings show that the rescue of SIRT3 by HKL may be a new therapeutic strategy to alleviate and block postsurgical PA formation.
Direct conversion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells for treatment of retinal degeneration
Authors: Zhu Xiaoman , Chen Zhiyang , Wang Li , Ou Qingjian , Feng Zhong , Xiao Honglei , Shen Qi , Li Yingao , Jin Caixia , Xu Jing-Ying , Gao Furong , Wang Juan , Zhang Jingfa , Zhang Jieping , Xu Zhiguo , Xu Guo-Tong , Lu Lixia , Tian Haibin
Published: September 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major vision-threatening disease. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit beneficial neural protective effects, their limited differentiation capacity in vivo attenuates their therapeutic function. Therefore, the differentiation of MSCs into retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro and their subsequent transplantation into the subretinal space is expected to improve the outcome of cell therapy. Here, we transdifferentiated human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) into induced RPE (iRPE) cells using a cocktail of five transcription factors (TFs): CRX, NR2E1, C-MYC, LHX2, and SIX6. iRPE cells exhibited RPE specific properties, including phagocytic ability, epithelial polarity, and gene expression profile. In addition, high expression of PTPN13 in iRPE cells endows them with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-resistant capacity through dephosphorylating syntenin1, and subsequently promoting the internalization and degradation of transforming growth factor-β receptors. After grafting into the subretinal space of the sodium iodate-induced rat AMD model, iRPE cells demonstrated a better therapeutic function than hUCMSCs. These results suggest that hUCMSC-derived iRPE cells may be promising candidates to reverse AMD pathophysiology.
Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 underlying argininosuccinic aciduria and Silver-Russell syndrome
Authors: Hattori Atsushi , Okuyama Torayuki , So Tetsumin , Kosuga Motomichi , Ichimoto Keiko , Murayama Kei , Kagami Masayo , Fukami Maki , Fukuhara Yasuyuki
Published: September 2022

We describe a patient presenting with argininosuccinic aciduria and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). SRS was caused by maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (UPD(7)mat). UPD(7)mat also unmasked a maternally inherited splicing variant in ASL on chromosome 7, leading to the onset of argininosuccinic aciduria. The phenotype of the present case was more severe than that of a previous case, demonstrating a phenotypic variation in the combination of argininosuccinic aciduria and SRS.
The importance of antimicrobial resistance in medical mycology
Authors: Gow Neil A. R. , Johnson Carolyn , Berman Judith , Coste Alix T. , Cuomo Christina A. , Perlin David S. , Bicanic Tihana , Harrison Thomas S. , Wiederhold Nathan , Bromley Mike , Chiller Tom , Edgar Keegan
Published: September 2022

Prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, antibiotic resistance was listed as the major global health care priority. Some analyses, including the O’Neill report, have predicted that deaths due to drug-resistant bacterial infections may eclipse the total number of cancer deaths by 2050. Although fungal infections remain in the shadow of public awareness, total attributable annual deaths are similar to, or exceeds, global mortalities due to malaria, tuberculosis or HIV. The impact of fungal infections has been exacerbated by the steady rise of antifungal drug resistant strains and species which reflects the widespread use of antifungals for prophylaxis and therapy, and in the case of azole resistance inAspergillus, has been linked to the widespread agricultural use of antifungals. This review, based on a workshop hosted by the Medical Research Council and the University of Exeter, illuminates the problem of antifungal resistance and suggests how this growing threat might be mitigated.
No evidence of brown adipose tissue activation after 24 weeks of supervised exercise training in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martinez-Tellez Borja , Sanchez-Delgado Guillermo , Acosta Francisco M. , Alcantara Juan M. A. , Amaro-Gahete Francisco J. , Martinez-Avila Wendy D. , Merchan-Ramirez Elisa , Muñoz-Hernandez Victoria , Osuna-Prieto Francisco J. , Jurado-Fasoli Lucas , Xu Huiwen , Ortiz-Alvarez Lourdes , Arias-Tellez María J. , Mendez-Gutierrez Andrea , Labayen Idoia , Ortega Francisco B. , Schönke Milena , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Aguilera Concepción M. , Llamas-Elvira José M. , Gil Ángel , Ruiz Jonatan R.
Published: September 2022

Exercise modulates both brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in murine models. Whether this is true in humans, however, has remained unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129) was therefore conducted to study the effects of a 24-week supervised exercise intervention, combining endurance and resistance training, on BAT volume and activity (primary outcome). The study was carried out in the Sport and Health University Research Institute and the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of the University of Granada (Spain). One hundred and forty-five young sedentary adults were assigned to either (i) a control group (no exercise, n = 54), (ii) a moderate intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 48), or (iii) a vigorous intensity exercise group (VIG-EX n = 43) by unrestricted randomization. No relevant adverse events were recorded. 97 participants (34 men, 63 women) were included in the final analysis (Control; n = 35, MOD-EX; n = 31, and VIG-EX; n = 31). We observed no changes in BAT volume (Δ Control: −22.2 ± 52.6 ml; Δ MOD-EX: −15.5 ± 62.1 ml, Δ VIG-EX: −6.8 ± 66.4 ml; P = 0.771) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (SUVpeak Δ Control: −2.6 ± 3.1 ml; Δ MOD-EX: −1.2 ± 4.8, Δ VIG-EX: −2.2 ± 5.1; p = 0.476) in either the control or the exercise groups. Thus, we did not find any evidence of an exercise-induced change on BAT volume or activity in young sedentary adults.
Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world’s largest tree genus Syzygium
Authors: Low Yee Wen , Rajaraman Sitaram , Tomlin Crystal M. , Ahmad Joffre Ali , Ardi Wisnu H. , Armstrong Kate , Athen Parusuraman , Berhaman Ahmad , Bone Ruth E. , Cheek Martin , Cho Nicholas R. W. , Choo Le Min , Cowie Ian D. , Crayn Darren , Fleck Steven J. , Ford Andrew J. , Forster Paul I. , Girmansyah Deden , Goyder David J. , Gray Bruce , Heatubun Charlie D. , Ibrahim Ali , Ibrahim Bazilah , Jayasinghe Himesh D. , Kalat Muhammad Ariffin , Kathriarachchi Hashendra S. , Kintamani Endang , Koh Sin Lan , Lai Joseph T. K. , Lee Serena M. L. , Leong Paul K. F. , Lim Wei Hao , Lum Shawn K. Y. , Mahyuni Ridha , McDonald William J. F. , Metali Faizah , Mustaqim Wendy A. , Naiki Akiyo , Ngo Kang Min , Niissalo Matti , Ranasinghe Subhani , Repin Rimi , Rustiami Himmah , Simbiak Victor I. , Sukri Rahayu S. , Sunarti Siti , Trethowan Liam A. , Trias-Blasi Anna , Vasconcelos Thais N. C. , Wanma Jimmy F. , Widodo Pudji , Wijesundara Douglas Siril A. , Worboys Stuart , Yap Jing Wei , Yong Kien Thai , Khew Gillian S. W. , Salojärvi Jarkko , Michael Todd P. , Middleton David J. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Lindqvist Charlotte , Lucas Eve J. , Albert Victor A.
Published: September 2022

Species radiations, despite immense phenotypic variation, can be difficult to resolve phylogenetically when genetic change poorly matches the rapidity of diversification. Genomic potential furnished by palaeopolyploidy, and relative roles for adaptation, random drift and hybridisation in the apportionment of genetic variation, remain poorly understood factors. Here, we study these aspects in a model radiation,Syzygium, the most species-rich tree genus worldwide. Genomes of 182 distinct species and 58 unidentified taxa are compared against a chromosome-level reference genome of the sea apple,Syzygium grande. We show that whileSyzygiumshares an ancient genome doubling event with other Myrtales, little evidence exists for recent polyploidy events. Phylogenomics confirms thatSyzygiumoriginated in Australia-New Guinea and diversified in multiple migrations, eastward to the Pacific and westward to India and Africa, in bursts of speciation visible as poorly resolved branches on phylogenies. Furthermore, some sublineages demonstrate genomic clines that recapitulate cladogenetic events, suggesting that stepwise geographic speciation, a neutral process, has been important inSyzygiumdiversification.
Interleukin-1 contributes to clonal expansion and progression of bone marrow fibrosis in JAK2V617F-induced myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Ferdous-Ur , Yang Yue , Le Bao T. , Dutta Avik , Posyniak Julia , Faughnan Patrick , Sayem Mohammad A. , Aguilera Nadine S. , Mohi Golam
Published: September 2022

Chronic inflammation is frequently associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), but the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MPN remains unclear. Expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is elevated in patients with MPN as well as in Jak2V617F knock-in mice. Here, we show that genetic deletion of IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) normalizes peripheral blood counts, reduces splenomegaly and ameliorates bone marrow fibrosis in homozygous Jak2V617F mouse model of myelofibrosis. Deletion of IL-1R1 also significantly reduces Jak2V617F mutant hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Exogenous administration of IL-1β enhances myeloid cell expansion and accelerates the development of bone marrow fibrosis in heterozygous Jak2V617F mice. Furthermore, treatment with anti-IL-1R1 antibodies significantly reduces leukocytosis and splenomegaly, and ameliorates bone marrow fibrosis in homozygous Jak2V617F mice. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-1 signaling plays a pathogenic role in MPN disease progression, and targeting of IL-1R1 could be a useful strategy for the treatment of myelofibrosis.
Optical quantum super-resolution imaging and hypothesis testing
Authors: Zanforlin Ugo , Lupo Cosmo , Connolly Peter W. R. , Kok Pieter , Buller Gerald S. , Huang Zixin
Published: September 2022

Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent thermal sources is a challenging task for direct imaging, especially at lengths within the diffraction limit. Moreover, detecting the presence of multiple sources of different brightness is an even more severe challenge. We experimentally demonstrate two tasks for super-resolution imaging based on hypothesis testing and quantum metrology techniques. We can significantly reduce the error probability for detecting a weak secondary source, even for small separations. We reduce the experimental complexity to a simple interferometer: we show (1) our set-up is optimal for the state discrimination task, and (2) if the two sources are equally bright, then this measurement can super-resolve their angular separation. Using a collection baseline of 5.3 mm, we resolve the angular separation of two sources placed 15 μm apart at a distance of 1.0 m with a 1.7% accuracy - an almost 3-orders-of-magnitude improvement over shot-noise limited direct imaging.
Integrated Pockels laser
Authors: Li Mingxiao , Chang Lin , Wu Lue , Staffa Jeremy , Ling Jingwei , Javid Usman A. , Xue Shixin , He Yang , Lopez-rios Raymond , Morin Theodore J. , Wang Heming , Shen Boqiang , Zeng Siwei , Zhu Lin , Vahala Kerry J. , Bowers John E. , Lin Qiang
Published: September 2022

The development of integrated semiconductor lasers has miniaturized traditional bulky laser systems, enabling a wide range of photonic applications. A progression from pure III-V based lasers to III-V/external cavity structures has harnessed low-loss waveguides in different material systems, leading to significant improvements in laser coherence and stability. Despite these successes, however, key functions remain absent. In this work, we address a critical missing function by integrating the Pockels effect into a semiconductor laser. Using a hybrid integrated III-V/Lithium Niobate structure, we demonstrate several essential capabilities that have not existed in previous integrated lasers. These include a record-high frequency modulation speed of 2 exahertz/s (2.0 × 1018 Hz/s) and fast switching at 50 MHz, both of which are made possible by integration of the electro-optic effect. Moreover, the device co-lases at infrared and visible frequencies via the second-harmonic frequency conversion process, the first such integrated multi-color laser. Combined with its narrow linewidth and wide tunability, this new type of integrated laser holds promise for many applications including LiDAR, microwave photonics, atomic physics, and AR/VR.
The Criminal Justice Administrative Records System: A next-generation research data platform
Authors: Finlay Keith , Mueller-Smith Michael , Papp Jordan
Published: September 2022

The Criminal Justice Administrative Records System (CJARS), a joint project of the U.S. Census Bureau and the University of Michigan, is a nationally integrated data infrastructure project designed to transform research and policymaking on the United States criminal justice system. At the University of Michigan, CJARS collects longitudinal electronic records from criminal justice agencies and harmonizes these records to track a criminal episode across all stages of the system. At the U.S. Census Bureau, harmonized criminal justice records can be linked anonymously at the person-level with extensive social, demographic, and economic information from national survey and administrative records.
A regime switch analysis on Covid-19 in Romania
Authors: Petrica Marian , Stochitoiu Radu D. , Leordeanu Marius , Popescu Ionel
Published: September 2022

In this paper we propose a three stages analysis of the evolution of Covid19 in Romania. There are two main issues when it comes to pandemic prediction. The first one is the fact that the numbers reported of infected and recovered are unreliable, however the number of deaths is more accurate. The second issue is that there were many factors which affected the evolution of the pandemic. In this paper we propose an analysis in three stages. The first stage is based on the classical SIR model which we do using a neural network. This provides a first set of daily parameters. In the second stage we propose a refinement of the SIR model in which we separate the deceased into a distinct category. By using the first estimate and a grid search, we give a daily estimation of the parameters. The third stage is used to define a notion of turning points (local extremes) for the parameters. We call a regime the time between these points. We outline a general way based on time varying parameters of SIRD to make predictions.
Bayesian dynamic profiling and optimization of important ranked energy from gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) features for empirical analysis of brain MRI
Authors: Hussain Lal , Malibari Areej A. , Alzahrani Jaber S. , Alamgeer Mohamed , Obayya Marwa , Al-Wesabi Fahd N. , Mohsen Heba , Hamza Manar Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Accurate classification of brain tumor subtypes is important for prognosis and treatment. Researchers are developing tools based on static and dynamic feature extraction and applying machine learning and deep learning. However, static feature requires further analysis to compute the relevance, strength, and types of association. Recently Bayesian inference approach gains attraction for deeper analysis of static (hand-crafted) features to unfold hidden dynamics and relationships among features. We computed the gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) features from brain tumor meningioma and pituitary MRIs and then ranked based on entropy methods. The highly ranked Energy feature was chosen as our target variable for further empirical analysis of dynamic profiling and optimization to unfold the nonlinear intrinsic dynamics of GLCM features extracted from brain MRIs. The proposed method further unfolds the dynamics and to detailed analysis of computed features based on GLCM features for better understanding of the hidden dynamics for proper diagnosis and prognosis of tumor types leading to brain stroke.
Neuroprotective potential of Cannabis sativa-based oils in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Vanin Ana Paula , Tamagno Wagner Antonio , Alves Carla , Mesacasa Letícia , Santin Luciani Figueiredo , Sutorillo Nathália Tafarel , Bilibio Denise , Müller Caroline , Galon Leandro , Kaizer Rosilene Rodrigues
Published: September 2022

Substances from the Cannabis sativa species, especially cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), have attracted medical attention in recent years. The actions of these two main cannabinoids modulate the cholinergic nervous system (CholNS) involving development, synaptic plasticity, and response to endogenous and environmental damage, as a characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. The dynamics of these diseases are mediated by specific neurotransmitters, such as the GABAergic nervous system (GNS) and the CholNS. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important experimental model, which has different neurotransmitter systems that coordinate its behavior and has a transgene strain that encodes the human β-amyloid 1–42 peptide in body wall muscle, one of the main proteins involved in Alzheimer´s disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the protective potential of terpenoids found in C. sativa in the GNS and CholNS of C. elegans. The effect of two C. sativa oils with variations in CBD and THC concentrations on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation, and behavior of C. elegans was evaluated. C. sativa oils were efficient in increasing pharyngeal pumping rate and reducing defecation cycle, AChE activity, and ROS levels in N2 strains. In the muscle:Abeta1-42 strain, mainly when using CBD oil, worm movement, body bends, and pharyngeal pumping were increased, with a reduced AChE activity. Consequently, greater investments in scientific research are needed, in addition to breaking the taboo on the use of the C. sativa plant as an alternative for medicinal use, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, which have already shown positive initial results.
Evaluating immunogenicity of pathogen-derived T-cell epitopes to design a peptide-based smallpox vaccine
Authors: Quach Huy Quang , Ovsyannikova Inna G. , Poland Gregory A. , Kennedy Richard B.
Published: September 2022

Despite the eradication in 1980, developing safe and effective smallpox vaccines remains an active area of research due to the recent outbreaks and the public health concern that smallpox viruses could be used as bioterrorism weapons. Identifying immunogenic peptides (epitopes) would create a foundation for the development of a robust peptide-based vaccine. We previously identified a library of naturally-processed, human leukocyte antigen class I-presented vaccinia-derived peptides from infected B cells. In the current study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of these T-cell peptides in both transgenic mouse models and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A vaccine based on four selected peptides provided 100% protection against a lethal viral challenge. In addition, responses from memory T cells remained unchanged up to five months. Our results validate a practical approach for identifying and verifying immunogenic peptides for vaccine development and highlight the potential of peptide-based vaccines for various infectious diseases.
Shale gas geological “sweet spot” parameter prediction method and its application based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Qin Zhengye , Xu Tianji
Published: September 2022

Parameters such as gas content (GAS), porosity (PHI) and total organic carbon (TOC) are key parameters that reveal the shale gas geological “sweet spot” of reservoirs. However, the lack of a three-dimensional high-precision prediction method is not conducive to large-scale exploration of shale gas. Although the parameter prediction accuracy based on well logging data is relatively high, it is only a single point longitudinal feature. On the basis of prestack inversion of reservoir information such as P-wave velocity and density, high-precision and large-scale “sweet spot” spatial distribution predictions can be realized. Based on the fast growing and widely used deep learning methods, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) “sweet spot” parameter prediction method is proposed in this paper. First, intersection analysis is carried out for various well logging information to determine the sensitive parameters of geological “sweet spot”. We propose a new standardized preprocessing method based on the characteristics of the well logging data. Then, a 1D-CNN framework is designed, which can meet the parameter prediction of both depth-domain well logging data and time-domain seismic data. Third, well logging data is used to train a high-precision and robust geological “sweet spot” prediction model. Finally, this method was applied to the WeiRong shale gas field in Sichuan Basin to achieve a high-precision prediction of geological “sweet spots” in the Wufeng–Longmaxi shale reservoir.
Pyramiding of multiple strong-culm genes originating from indica and tropical japonica to the temperate japonica rice
Authors: Ookawa Taiichiro , Nomura Tomohiro , Kamahora Eri , Jiang Mingjin , Ochiai Yusuke , Samadi Ahmad Fahim , Yamaguchi Takuya , Adachi Shunsuke , Katsura Keisuke , Motobayashi Takashi
Published: September 2022

Severe lodging has recurrently occurred at strong typhoon’s hitting in recent climate change. The identification of quantitative trait loci and their responsible genes associated with a strong culm and their pyramiding are important for developing high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance. To evaluate the effects of four strong-culm genes on lodging resistance, the temperate japonica near isogenic line (NIL) with the introgressed SCM1 or SCM2 locus of the indica variety, Habataki and the other NIL with the introgeressed SCM3 or SCM4 locus of the tropical japonica variety, Chugoku 117 were developed. Then, we developed the pyramiding lines with double,triple and quadruple combinations derived from step-by-step crosses among NIL-SCM1–NIL-SCM4. Quadruple pyramiding line (NIL-SCM1 + 2 + 3 + 4) showed the largest culm diameter and the highest culm strength among the combinations and increased spikelet number due to the pleiotropic effects of these genes. Pyramiding of strong culm genes resulted in much increased culm thickness, culm strength and spikelet number due to their additive effect. SCM1 mainly contributed to enhance their pyramiding effect. These results in this study suggest the importance of identifying the combinations of superior alleles of strong culm genes among natural variation and pyramiding these genes for improving high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance.
Real-time and visual detection of viableSalmonellain milk by a competitive annealing mediated isothermal amplification (CAMP) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA)
Authors: Chen Xu , Li Wei , Ma Yue
Published: September 2022

CAMP combined with PMA for real-time and visual detection of viableSalmonellain milk.
Novel multifunctional dexamethasone carbon dots synthesized using the one-pot green method for anti-inflammatory, osteogenesis, and osteoimmunomodulatory in bone regeneration
Authors: Wan Chang , Hu Mengyue , Peng Xu , Lei Ningning , Ding Hongmei , Luo Yihao , Yu Xixun
Published: September 2022

Carbon dots with anti-inflammatory, osteogenesis and osteoimmunomodulatory abilities for bone regeneration.
Beyond simple hetero Diels–Alder cycloadditions. A new type of element–ligand cooperativity at N,C,N-coordinated arsinidene and stibinidene centres in the reaction with an electron-deficient alkyne
Authors: Zechovský Jan , Kremláček Vít , Erben Milan , Hejda Martin , Rychagova Elena , Jambor Roman , Růžička Aleš , Ketkov Sergey , Dostál Libor
Published: September 2022

A remarkable activation of the CC triple bond including its stoichiometric hydrogenation was achieved by N,C,N-coordinated pnictinidenes via an element–ligand cooperative mechanism.
Thermodynamic limits of atmospheric water harvesting
Authors: Rao Akshay K. , Fix Andrew J. , Yang Yun Chi , Warsinger David M.
Published: September 2022

We use 2nd law analysis to obtain the maximum and practical efficiency for common open system atmospheric water harvesting methods. We apply this metric with supercomputing to map performance globally and suggest key system variables for improvement.
Retraction: [TEATNM] and [TEATCM] as novel catalysts for the synthesis of pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles via anomeric-based oxidation
Authors: Baghery Saeed , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Maleki Farahnaz
Published: September 2022

Retraction of ‘[TEATNM] and [TEATCM] as novel catalysts for the synthesis of pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles via anomeric-based oxidation’ by Saeed Baghery et al., New J. Chem., 2017, 41, 9276–9290, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NJ01934C.
Ultrasmall zirconium carbide nanodots for synergistic photothermal-radiotherapy of glioma
Authors: Yin Mengyuan , Chen Xiangcun , Guo Qinglong , Xiao Liang , Gao Peng , Zang Dandan , Dong Jun , Zha Zhengbao , Dai Xingliang , Wang Xianwen
Published: September 2022

Herein, ultrasmall ZrC nanodots were successfully synthesized with high near-infrared absorption and strong photon attenuation for the synergistic photothermal-radiotherapy of glioma.
Low-temperature N-anchored ordered Pt3Co intermetallic nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Li Yanru , Li Hongwei , Li Guixian , Wang Dongliang , Wang Shoudeng , Zhao Xinhong
Published: September 2022

Small-sized (2.1 nm) and structurally ordered Pt3Co intermetallic nanoparticles uniformly anchored onto nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) via a low-temperature N-anchoring method possess excellent electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation.
A late-stage functionalization tool: sulfonyl fluoride mediated deoxymethylation of phenols
Authors: Zhang Guofu , Guan Chenfei , Han Linjun , Zhao Yiyong , Ding Chengrong
Published: September 2022

An efficient and rapid phenol deoxymethylation strategy without purification during the reaction is reported. This protocol has tolerance for a wide range of functional groups and high yields making it successful for application in LSF.