bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the replicability of spatial gene expression using atlas data from the adult mouse brain
Authors: Lu Shaina , Ortiz Cantin , Fürth Daniel , Fischer Stephan , Meletis Konstantinos , Zador Anthony , Gillis Jesse
Published: July 2021

High-throughput, spatially resolved gene expression techniques are poised to be transformative across biology by overcoming a central limitation in single-cell biology: the lack of information on relationships that organize the cells into the functional groupings characteristic of tissues in complex multicellular organisms. Spatial expression is particularly interesting in the mammalian brain, which has a highly defined structure, strong spatial constraint in its organization, and detailed multimodal phenotypes for cells and ensembles of cells that can be linked to mesoscale properties such as projection patterns, and from there, to circuits generating behavior. However, as with any type of expression data, cross-dataset benchmarking of spatial data is a crucial first step. Here, we assess the replicability, with reference to canonical brain subdivisions, between the Allen Institute’s in situ hybridization data from the adult mouse brain (Allen Brain Atlas (ABA)) and a similar dataset collected using spatial transcriptomics (ST). With the advent of tractable spatial techniques, for the first time, we are able to benchmark the Allen Institute’s whole-brain, whole-transcriptome spatial expression dataset with a second independent dataset that similarly spans the whole brain and transcriptome. We use regularized linear regression (LASSO), linear regression, and correlation-based feature selection in a supervised learning framework to classify expression samples relative to their assayed location. We show that Allen Reference Atlas labels are classifiable using transcription in both data sets, but that performance is higher in the ABA than in ST. Furthermore, models trained in one dataset and tested in the opposite dataset do not reproduce classification performance bidirectionally. While an identifying expression profile can be found for a given brain area, it does not generalize to the opposite dataset. In general, we found that canonical brain area labels are classifiable in gene expression space within dataset and that our observed performance is not merely reflecting physical distance in the brain. However, we also show that cross-platform classification is not robust. Emerging spatial datasets from the mouse brain will allow further characterization of cross-dataset replicability ultimately providing a valuable reference set for understanding the cell biology of the brain.
Multi-scale simulations of the T cell receptor reveal its lipid interactions, dynamics and the arrangement of its cytoplasmic region
Authors: Prakaash Dheeraj , Cook Graham P. , Acuto Oreste , Kalli Antreas C.
Published: July 2021

The T cell receptor (TCR-CD3) initiates T cell activation by binding to peptides of Major Histocompatibility Complexes (pMHC). The TCR-CD3 topology is well understood but the arrangement and dynamics of its cytoplasmic tails remains unknown, limiting our grasp of the signalling mechanism. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations and modelling to investigate the entire TCR-CD3 embedded in a model membrane. Our study demonstrates conformational changes in the extracellular and transmembrane domains, and the arrangement of the TCR-CD3 cytoplasmic tails. The cytoplasmic tails formed highly interlaced structures while some tyrosines within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) penetrated the hydrophobic core of the membrane. Interactions between the cytoplasmic tails and phosphatidylinositol phosphate lipids in the inner membrane leaflet led to the formation of a distinct anionic lipid fingerprint around the TCR-CD3. These results increase our understanding of the TCR-CD3 dynamics and the importance of membrane lipids in regulating T cell activation.
Transiency of postoperative cervical kyphosis seen after surgical correction of sagittal malalignment in adult spinal deformity patients
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung-Hee , Im Sang Kyu , Lim Hae Sung , Han Gil
Published: July 2021

Objective

In this study, we evaluated factors affecting changes in cervical lordosis after deformity correction and during follow-up period in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with severe sagittal imbalance.

Methods

Seventy-nine patients, with an average age of 71.6 years, who underwent long-segment fixation from T10 to S1 with sacropelvic fixation were included. We performed a comparative analysis of the radiographic parameters after surgery (Post) and at the last follow-up (Last). We calculated the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and performed multilinear regression analysis to predict independent parameters for Post and Last cervical lordosis (CL), T1 slope (T1S), and thoracic kyphosis (TK).

Results

Hyperlordotic changes of -23.3° in CL before surgery was reduced to -7° after surgery, and Last CL had increased to -15.3°. T1S was reduced from 27° before surgery to 14.4° after surgery and had increased to 18.8° at the last follow-up. Through multilinear regression analysis, we found that Post CL and T1S were more significantly affected by the amount of LL correction (p = .045 and .049). The effect of Last T1S was significantly associated with the Last CL; the effect of Last TK, with the Last T1S; and the effect of Post PI-LL, with the Last TK (p < .05).

Conclusion

The postoperative kyphotic change in CL in ASD patients with preoperative cervical hyperlordosis is not permanent and is affected by drastic LL correction and SVA restoration. To achieve spinopelvic harmony proportional to the difference in LL relative to PI, TK becomes modified over time to increase T1S and CL, in an effort to achieve optimal spine curvature.
The comparative effectiveness of 55 interventions in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A network meta-analysis of 101 randomized trials
Authors: Abdel-Maboud Mohamed , Menshawy Amr , Hasabo Elfatih A. , Abdelraoof Mohamed Ibrahim , Alshandidy Mohamed , Eid Muhammad , Menshawy Esraa , Outani Oumaima , Menshawy Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 18% of reproductive-age females. The prevalence of obesity in PCOS patients reaches up to 80%, which is 2-fold higher than the general population.

Objective

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 55 pharmacological interventions across 17 different outcomes in overweight/obese PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism manifestations for both short- and long-term follow-ups. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials comparing any conventional pharmacological intervention as a monotherapy or a combination in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism manifestations. Extracted data included three main parameters; I. Anthropometric parameters (BMI, Waist and Hip circumferences, and Waist/HIP ratio), II. Hormonal parameters (FSH, LH, FSG, SHBG, Estradiol, Total Testosterone, Free testosterone, DHEAS, Androstenedione), and III. Metabolic parameters (Total Cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglycerides, Fasting glucose, Fasting glucose, HOMA-IR). Critical appraisal and risk of bias assessments were performed using the modified Jadad scale, and the overall quality of this network meta-analysis was evaluated according to the CINeMA framework. We performed both a pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effect sizes with 95% CI, and we calculated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for each intervention.

Results

Our final search on May 15th 2021 retrieved 23,305 unique citations from searching six electronic databases. Eventually, 101 RCTs of 108 reports with a total of 8,765 patients were included in our systematic review and multi-treatments meta-analysis. 55 different interventions were included: 22 monotherapies, and 33 combinations. The two-dimensional cluster ranking of the average SUCRA values for metabolic and hormonal parameters with significant estimates revealed flutamide (77.5%, 70%; respectively) as the highest and rosiglitazone (38.2%, 26.3%; respectively) as the lowest, in terms of the overall efficacy in reducing weight and hyperandrogenism. However, cyproterone-acetate+ethinylestradiol exhibited a higher ranking in improving hormonal parameters (71.1%), but even a lower-ranking regarding metabolic parameters (34.5%).

Conclusions and relevance

Current evidence demonstrated the superiority of flutamide in improving both metabolic and hormonal parameters, and the higher efficacy of cyproterone-acetate+ethinylestradiol only in improving hormonal parameters. Nearly all interventions were comparable in female hormones, FGS, HDL, glucose, and insulin levels improvements.
A longitudinal application of the Actor Partner Interdependence Model extended Mediations to the health effects of dyadic support
Authors: Petrocchi Serena , Filipponi Chiara , Schulz Peter J.
Published: July 2021

Supportive communicative experiences within close relationships, such as dyadic support, have a protective effect on individuals’ health and emotional well-being. However, little is known about how partners interact in determining their own and others’ health or the mechanisms through which dyadic support influences physical health. We addressed those gaps by studying 1088 romantic couples from three consecutive years (T1, T2, T3; Swiss Household Panel). The study applied a data analysis strategy called Actor Partner Interdependence Model extended Mediation, which allows for mediation processes while considering the interdependence, or non-independence, of data coming from partners. Results showed that dyadic support was positively associated with perceived health over two years through the mediation of optimistic attitudes and depressive mood, both for person and partner effects. The present study demonstrates the interplay between the dyadic process and personality dispositions in maintaining good health.
Magnetic resonance imaging with gradient sound respiration guide
Authors: Kobayashi Naoharu
Published: July 2021

Respiratory motion management is crucial for high-resolution MRI of the heart, lung, liver and kidney. In this article, respiration guide using acoustic sound generated by pulsed gradient waveforms was introduced in the pulmonary ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence and validated by comparing with retrospective respiratory gating techniques. The validated sound-guided respiration was implemented in non-contrast enhanced renal angiography. In the sound-guided respiration, breathe−in and–out instruction sounds were generated with sinusoidal gradient waveforms with two different frequencies (602 and 321 Hz). Performance of the sound-guided respiration was evaluated by measuring sharpness of the lung-liver interface with a 10–90% rise distance, w10-90, and compared with three respiratory motion managements in a free-breathing UTE scan: without respiratory gating (w/o gating), 0-dimensional k-space navigator (k-point navigator), and image-based self-gating (Img-SG). The sound-guided respiration was implemented in stack-of-stars balanced steady-state free precession with inversion recovery preparation for renal angiography. No subjects reported any discomfort or inconvenience with the sound-guided respiration in pulmonary or renal MRI scans. The lung-liver interface of the UTE images for sound-guided respiration (w10-90 = 6.99 ± 2.90 mm), k-point navigator (8.51 ± 2.71 mm), and Img-SG (7.01 ± 2.06 mm) was significantly sharper than that for w/o gating (17.13 ± 2.91 mm; p < 0.0001 for all of sound-guided respiration, k-point navigator and Img-SG). Sharpness of the lung-liver interface was comparable between sound-guided respiration and Img-SG (p = 0.99), but sound-guided respiration achieved better visualization of pulmonary vasculature. Renal angiography with the sound-guided respiration clearly delineated renal, segmental and interlobar arteries. In conclusion, the gradient sound guided respiration can facilitate a consistent diaphragm position in every breath and achieve performance of respiratory motion management comparable to image-based self-gating.
Knowledge of breastfeeding practice and associated factors among fathers whose wife delivered in last one year in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Shitu Solomon , Adane Daniel , Abebe Haimanot , Mose Ayenew , Yeshaneh Alex , Beyene Bekele , Workye Haile
Published: July 2021

Background

Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from female human breasts. It confers short-term and long-term benefits for both child and mother, including helping to protect children against a variety of acute and chronic disorders. In mothers, breastfeeding (BF) reduces postpartum bleeding, enhances accelerated involution of the uterus, and plays a crucial role in child spacing. Fathers have an important but often neglected role in the promotion of healthy breastfeeding practices. Evidence shows that mothers who have a supportive and encouraging partner are more likely to plan to breastfeed for a longer duration. So, this study was aimed to assess knowledge and associated factors towards breastfeeding practice among fathers.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone among 597 fathers. One stage cluster sampling technique was used to select study participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data and it was checked for consistency and completeness and entered into epi data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify independent predictors. P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare a result as statistically significant.

Result

In this study, a total of 585 participants were involved making a response rate of 98%. The overall knowledge status of participants was 341 (58.3%). The mean age of participants was 29.5 (SD±4.5). Urban residence, educational status, exposure to media, having more than one baby at home, and accompany his wife during health-seeking were independent predictors of knowledge status.

Conclusion

This study has shown the level of knowledge of fathers towards breastfeeding in the study area was low (58.3%). Residence, two or more babies at home, accompany during ANC, and indexed infant illness was independent predictors of knowledge status of fathers towards breastfeeding. Policymakers and possible stack holders should better focus on the improvement of knowledge because the knowledge determines the overall condition of the family including the psychological development of the children that affect their life especially in a country like Ethiopia in which most of the decisions are made by them. Other researchers focus on the interaction of parents and the child and feeding disorders.
Perceptions of risk in pregnancy with chronic disease: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Ralston Elizabeth R. , Smith Priscilla , Chilcot Joseph , Silverio Sergio A. , Bramham Kate
Published: July 2021

Background

Women with chronic disease are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies which pose higher risk, often require increased medical supervision and intervention. How women perceive their pregnancy risk and its impact on health behaviour is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review of qualitative literature is to evaluate risk perceptions of pregnancy in women with chronic disease.

Methods

Eleven electronic databases including grey literature were systematically searched for qualitative studies published in English which reported on pregnancy, risk perception and chronic disease. Full texts were reviewed by two researchers, independently. Quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative checklist and data were synthesised using a thematic synthesis approach. The analysis used all text under the findings or results section from each included paper as data. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO.

Results

Eight studies were included in the review. Three themes with sub-themes were constructed from the analysis including: Information Synthesis (Sub-themes: Risk to Self and Risk to Baby), Psychosocial Factors (Sub-themes: Emotional Response, Self-efficacy, Healthcare Relationship), and Impact on Behaviour (Sub-themes: Perceived Risk and Objective Risk). Themes fitted within an overarching concept of Balancing Act. The themes together inter-relate to understand how women with chronic disease perceive their risk in pregnancy.

Conclusions

Women’s pregnancy-related behaviour and engagement with healthcare services appear to be influenced by their perception of pregnancy risk. Women with chronic disease have risk perceptions which are highly individualised. Assessment and communication of women’s pregnancy risk should consider their own understanding and perception of risk. Different chronic diseases introduce diverse pregnancy risks and further research is needed to understand women’s risk perceptions in specific chronic diseases.
Human macrophages utilize a wide range of pathogen recognition receptors to recognize Legionella pneumophila, including Toll-Like Receptor 4 engaging Legionella lipopolysaccharide and the Toll-like Receptor 3 nucleic-acid sensor
Authors: Grigoryeva Lubov S. , Cianciotto Nicholas P.
Published: July 2021

Cytokines made by macrophages play a critical role in determining the course ofLegionella pneumophilainfection. Prior murine-based modeling indicated that this cytokine response is initiated upon recognition ofL.pneumophilaby a subset of Toll-like receptors, namely TLR2, TLR5, and TLR9. Through the use of shRNA/siRNA knockdowns and subsequently CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts (KO), we determined that TRIF, an adaptor downstream of endosomal TLR3 and TLR4, is required for full cytokine secretion by human primary and cell-line macrophages. By characterizing a further set of TLR KO’s in human U937 cells, we discerned that, contrary to the viewpoint garnered from murine-based studies, TLR3 and TLR4 (along with TLR2 and TLR5) are in fact vital to the macrophage response in the early stages ofL.pneumophilainfection. This conclusion was bolstered by showing that i) chemical inhibitors of TLR3 and TLR4 dampen the cytokine output of primary human macrophages and ii) transfection of TLR3 and TLR4 into HEK cells conferred an ability to senseL.pneumophila. TLR3- and TLR4-dependent cytokines promoted migration of human HL-60 neutrophils across an epithelial layer, pointing to the biological importance for the newfound signaling pathway. The response of U937 cells toL.pneumophilaLPS was dependent upon TLR4, a further contradiction to murine-based studies, which had concluded that TLR2 is the receptor forLegionellaLPS. Given the role of TLR3 in sensing nucleic acid (i.e., dsRNA), we utilized newly-made KO U937 cells to document that DNA-sensing by cGAS-STING and DNA-PK are also needed for the response of human macrophages toL.pneumophila. Given the lack of attention given them in the bacterial field, C-type lectin receptors were similarly examined; but, they were not required. Overall, this study arguably represents the most extensive, single-characterization ofLegionella-recognition receptors within human macrophages.
A Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Neurodegenerative diseases Incidence based on Epidemiological Study in the Female subjects over varied data
Authors: Khan Afreen , Zubair Swaleha , Khan Samreen
Published: July 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are gradually becoming more prevalent chronic diseases, characterized by the decline in cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Machine learning is revolu-tionising almost all domains of our life, including the clinical system. The application of machine learning has the potential to enormously augment the reach of neurodegenerative care thus building it more proficient. Throughout the globe, there is a massive burden of Alzheimer’s and demen-tia cases; which denotes an exclusive set of difficulties. This provides us with an exceptional opportunity in terms of the impending convenience of data. Harnessing this data using machine learning tools and techniques, can put scientists and physicians in the lead research position in this area. The ob-jective of this study was to develop an efficient prognostic ML model with high-performance metrics to better identify female candidate subjects at risk of having Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. The study was based on two diverse datasets. The results have been discussed employing seven perfor-mance evaluation measures i.e. accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, Re-ceiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) area, Kappa statistic, and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Also, a comprehensive performance analysis has been carried out later in the study.
Cuando la tecnología deja de ser una ayuda didáctica para convertirse en mediación cultural
Authors: Martín-Barbero Jesús
Published: July 2021

Las mediaciones tecnocomunicativas que experimentan los jóvenes a través de los nuevos artefactos tecnológicos, les permiten establecer novedosas relaciones con la lectura y la escritura y, en consecuencia, con el conocimiento. Estas formas chocan con las que ha venido fomentando la escuela moderna, y ahora son cuestionadas por los adolescentes más proclives a las que propicia la cultura digital hegemónica.
Inquietudes y complicidades en el uso del software de gestión en centros educativos
Authors: Peirats Chacón José , Sales Arasa Cristina
Published: July 2021

El nivel de introducción del denominado software de gestión en los centros de enseñanza secundaria ya es muy elevado, y en consecuencia susceptible de ser analizado. En estas páginas, en base a los primeros resultados de una investigación que estamos realizando en la Comunidad Valenciana, reflexionamos sobre el uso en algunos de estos centros de aplicaciones y artefactos de gestión, destacando las tensiones que se perciben entre sus posibilidades como recurso de ayuda al profesorado, y los condicionamientos que como instrumento de control impone su utilización.
Pedagogía comunicativa crítica en los centros educativos
Authors: De Mello Roseli , Larena Rosa
Published: July 2021

Las investigaciones y propuestas educativas han de partir de teorías y proyectosde éxito reconocidos por la comunidad científica internacional. Con estas premisas,describimos Comunidades de Aprendizaje como propuesta educativa donde se observala implementación de perspectivas teóricas de enfoque dialógico y crítico que planteanun aprendizaje de calidad para todas y todos y la transformación de situaciones de desigualdady exclusión.Para ello, estructuramos el artículo en dos partes. En la primera, contemplamos algunaspropuestas teóricas, principalmente pedagógicas (pero contemplando la interdisciplinariedad)en la perspectiva comunicativa crítica. En la segunda parte, describimos la experienciaeducativa de la Escuela de Personas Adultas de La Verneda de Sant Martí, primeraComunidad de Aprendizaje y, a continuación, los procesos seguidos para conseguirla transformación de centros educativos en Comunidades de Aprendizaje, propuestaque se está difundiendo por diferentes países desde la perspectiva de una pedagogíacomunicativa crítica.
Contribuciones de Paulo Freire a la pedagogía crítica: “educación emancipatoria: la influencia de Paulo Freire en la ciudadanía global” o “la influencia de Paulo Freire en una educación para la libertad y la autonomía”
Authors: Freire Nita
Published: July 2021

Este artículo está centrado en las contribuciones de Paulo Freire a la PedagogíaCrítica sobre la cuestión “Educación emancipadora: la influencia de Paulo Freireen la ciudadanía global” o “La influencia de Paulo Freire en una educación para la libertady la autonomía”. Necesito hablar de estas cuestiones no sólo como meras palabras,como frases vacías de significado, sino como palabras/frases que pueden transformar elmundo dándonos una razón de ser en términos de política, ética y filosofía. Analizaré laprimera cuestión en diferentes partes, invirtiendo el orden de su enunciado para demostrarpaso a paso que hay una proposición ideológica inserta en esta cuestión que rechazaun todo coherente e importante en el ámbito de la verdadera Pedagogía Crítica, unaperspectiva freireana política-ética-transformadora para la libertad y la autonomía.
La promoción de una economía no-capitalista: el grupo mondragón
Authors: Santa Cruz Ignacio , Flecha Ainhoa , Serradell Olga
Published: July 2021

Mondragón es hoy el séptimo grupo empresarial de España según la variablecifra de “ventas”, y el tercero de acuerdo con la variable “empleo”. Se trata de una cooperativaque ofrece una alternativa no capitalista cuyo éxito demuestra la posibilidadde transformación social, dejando obsoletas las Teorías de la Reproducción que defiendenque la educación no puede contribuir a superar las desigualdades sociales. Este artículoanaliza la relevancia que Mondragón ha otorgado a la educación a lo largo de másde 50 años, convirtiéndola en un elemento clave para su éxito y para la mejora de lascondiciones de vida de las personas que participan en esta experiencia.
Avanza la crisis y el racismo: respuestas desde abajo
Authors: Sordé Martí Teresa , Gounari Panayota , Macedo Donaldo
Published: July 2021

En el actual contexto de crisis económica mundial los discursos racistas yxenófobos están cada vez más presentes en la esfera pública. Acciones y medidas quecriminalizan y problematizan a la población inmigrante y a las minorías culturales estánreforzando las desigualdades que ya existían. En este artículo, se argumenta que son lasiniciativas provenientes de la comunidad las que están facilitando la superación de posturasque instrumentalizan la crisis para legitimar la discriminación de los sectores de lapoblación más excluidos.
Buenas prácticas TIC. La alfabetización digital en mayores
Authors: Huelves Martín Félix
Published: July 2021

Los equipos informáticos y sus periféricos están diseñados para el uso de un único usuario, constan de un único teclado, ratón; y de una única pantalla. De modo que en una clase de iniciación a la informática, la mejor opción parece ser un equipo por persona. Así, aparentemente, al interactuar individualmente se avanzará más. ¿Pero, y si no es posible contar con suficientes medios? ¿Es realmente imprescindible el “monopuesto” para lograr un aprendizaje significativo? Gracias a la experiencia durante varios cursos de alfabetización digital con adultos utilizando una metodología afín a los objetivos expondremos una buena práctica formativa, haciendo frente a factores adversos como la escasez de recursos. Sin lugar a dudas, sin descuidar la psicología del adulto, educando la adquisición de capacidades tecnológicas haciendo a la persona autónoma en su aprendizaje.
La influencia del contexto en los usos de las herramientas virtuales
Authors: Sevillano García María Luisa , Quicios García María del Pilar
Published: July 2021

Este artículo es producto de una investigación que ha perseguido los siguientes objetivos: Conocer los usos de las herramientas virtuales por una población representativa en edades, profesiones, género y formación. Identificar las dificultades que encuentran y buscar las causas que las originan .Valorar las ventajas de cada una de las herramientas en la vida profesional, en el ocio y en la labor formativa.

 

Se ha elegido un muestreo por cuotas, fundamentalmente, por el rigor que otorga.

 

Las herramientas de toma de datos elaboradas y aplicadas —protocolo de cuestionario, guión de entrevista y grupo de discusión— posibilitan traspasar la frontera del análisis cuantitativo versus cualitativo para adentrarse en una metodología mixta.

 

Un aprovechamiento acertado, rápido, seguro, selectivo de las herramientas virtuales estudiadas representa un principio de innovación, acceso al conocimiento y desarrollo de la actuación profesional. La cualificación en competencias básicas para construir, transferir y procesar conocimientos especializados y generales que circulan por la red, son de utilidad a lo largo de la vida.
Dimensión formativa de la alfabetización tecnológica
Authors: Ortega Navas María del Carmen
Published: July 2021

La alfabetización tecnológica en el marco actual de la Sociedad del Conocimiento tiene un papel esencial en la educación. El impacto de la tecnología en la vida de las personas es tan patente, que los profesionales de la educación han considerado que el conocimiento y uso adecuado de ésta, es un contenido educativo necesario que reconfigura el propio sistema educativo en relación al modelo de alumno, del formador y de todo el proceso de conocimiento. La importancia y la incidencia de la tecnología en la educación se ha convertido en una señal de progreso, calidad y mejora que abre nuevas perspectivas formativas y formas de aprendizaje que condicionan tanto nuestras vidas personales y profesionales como nuestros estilos de vida. En este contexto el papel del formador está sufriendo una transformación para dar respuesta a los nuevos retos y exigencias educativas y sociales que se plantean en el siglo XXI.
Digitalizando las tradiciones: contenidos etnográficos aplicados a contextos urbanos y regionales irlandeses
Authors: Desplanques Marie Annick
Published: July 2021

El artículo expone los últimos progresos en las actividades de investigación aplicadas en el departamento de Folklore y Ethnology del University College Cork con particular referencia a las implicaciones del uso de las tecnologías informáticas y digitales en ambientes de trabajo de campo. Destacando el caso del establecimiento de un centro Multimedia para la Etnología Urbana y Regional como un archivo virtual, el estudio explora la dimensión pedagógica relativa a los contextos educativos adultos y no tradicionales. El artículo hace referencia a la política de financiación gubernamental, especialmente su aplicación al desarrollo interdisciplinario de ayudas de autoaprendizaje a través del uso del irlandés como lengua minoritaria. Además, sitúa la discusión dentro de las perspectivas teóricas más amplias de la cultura popular y los medios de comunicación para explorar las potencialidades y los límites existentes e inesperados relativos a la emergencia de la sociedad de la información y la comunicación.
Consideraciones teóricas sobre el concepto de calidad de vida en la sociedad de la información
Authors: Macía Arce Xosé Carlos
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo se centra en obtener una definición aproximada del concepto calidad de vida y en presentar las dimensiones y variables que dan forma a su contenido, valorando las influencias y los efectos provocados por la aparición de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el bienestar de las personas. La distribución discriminatoria e injusta de las nuevas tecnologías sobre el territorio podría incidir negativamente en la calidad de vida de muchas comunidades, aumentando las desigualdades y los desequilibrios socioespaciales.
Risk factors of recurrent abdominal pain in adolescents
Authors: Kadim Muzal , Setiani Anjar , Hendarto Aryono
Published: July 2021

Background Recurrent abdominal pain is 2-4% of all cases encountered by pediatricians. Risk factors vary among countries. There is no data on prevalence and risk factors of recurrent abdominal pain in adolescents in Indonesia.

Objective To evaluate prevalence and risk factors of recurrent abdominal pain in junior high school students.

Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among junior high school students in South Jakarta who experienced recurrent abdominal pain according to Roma III criteria. Students allowed by their parents to participate to this study were asked to complete a Roma III questionnaire. Data about sociodemographic and history of recurrent abdominal pain among the parents were also collected using a questionnaire.

ResultsThree hundred ninety-six adolescents participated in this study, 17.2% among them  experiencing recurrentabdominal pain. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was the most common type (42.6%), followed by functional dyspepsia (30.9%), functional abdominal pain syndrome (11.8%), functional abdominal pain (10.3%), and abdominal migraine (4.4%). The risk factor most responsible was anxious personality (OR 3.86; 95%CI 2.05 to 7.29, P<0.001). Other risk factors that contribute were female, age > 13 years, and middle to lower family income.

Conclusions Prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain in adolescents is 17.2%. Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common type. The risk factors are anxious personality, female, age > 13 years, and middle to lower family income.
Relationship between aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and liver injury in pediatric sepsis
Authors: Godlief Robby , Hakim Dzulfikar Djalil Lukmanul , Prasetyo Dwi
Published: July 2021

Background Sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI) is one of the main clinical manifestations of sepsis, as well as an independent risk factor for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality in pediatric sepsis. The early warning biomarkers for identifying SALI remain poorly defined.

Objective To analyze the relationship between aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRi) and liver injury occurrence in pediatric sepsis, as well as determine the APRi cutoff value for early identification of SALI.

Methods This retrospective study used secondary data derived from January 2019 to August 2020. The study population comprised admitted children aged 1 month to <18 years who met the criteria for sepsis, and had aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and platelet laboratory parameters checked in the first 24 hours of sepsis and before administration of antibiotics. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to analyze for correlations. Estimation of the APRi cutoff value in the early occurrence of SALI was performed with logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results Of the 112 subjects, 94.6% were categorized as having septic shock and 48.2% had SALI. Logistic regression revealed that APRi was a significant predictor of SALI, as indicated by cut-off 4.726 [OR 1.098; 95%CI 1.002 to1.203; P=0.045]. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.831 or 83.1%, which was classified as strong (80-90%).

Conclusion The APRi is a reliable early predictor of SALI in pediatric sepsis, as indicated by an increase in APRi (> 4.726) within the first 24 hours of sepsis.
3-year survival rate in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: comparison of ALL-2006 and ALL-2013 Protocols
Authors: Meirizkia Avyandita , Ayu Dewi Rosariah , Indra Raden Muhammad , Sari Dian Puspita
Published: July 2021

Background With advances in supportive and risk-stratified therapy, the 5-year survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has reached 85.5%. The ALL-2006 treatment protocol was modified and renamed the ALL-2013 protocol, with dose and duration changes.

Objective To compare outcomes of the ALL-2006 and ALL-2013 protocols, with regards to mortality, remission, relapse, and three-year survival rates.

Methods This was retrospective cohort study. Subjects were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients treated from 2011 to 2018 in Mohamad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera. The three-year survival rates, relapse, remission rates and comparison of ALL-2006 and ALL-2013 protocols were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method.

Results Mortality was significantly correlated with age at diagnosis <1 year and >10 years, hyperleukocytosis, and high-risk disease status. Patients aged 1 to 10 years, with leukocyte count <50,000/mm3 and standard-risk status had significantly higher likelihood of achieving remission. Mortality was not significantly different between the ALL-2006 protocol group [70.6%; mean survival 1,182.15 (SD 176.89) days] and the ALL-2013 protocol group [72.1%; mean survival 764.23 (SD 63.49) days]; (P=0.209). Remission was achieved in 39.2% of the ALL-2006 group and 33% of the ALL-2013 group (P>0.05). Relapse was also not significantly different between the two groups (ALL-2006: 29.4% vs. ALL-2013: 17.9%; P>0.05). Probability of death in the ALL-2006 group was 0.3 times lower than in the ALL-2013 group (P<0.05), while that of the high-risk group was 3 times higher. Remission was 2.19 times higher in those with leukocyte <50,000/mm3 compared to those with hyperleukocytosis. In addition, relapse was significantly more likely in high-risk patients (HR 2.96; 95%CI 1.22 to 7.19). Overall, the 3-year survival rate was 33%, with 41.7% in the ALL-2006 group and 30.7% in the ALL-2013 group.

Conclusion Three-year survival rate of ALL-2006 protocol is higher than that of ALL-2013 protocol but is not statistically significant.  Age at diagnosis <1 year and >10 years, hyperleukocytosis, and high-risk group are significantly correlated with higher mortality and lower remission rates. However, these three factors are not significantly different in terms of relapse.
Presepsin level as risk factor for mortality in premature infants with neonatal sepsis
Authors: Romli Muhammad Ifan , Yuniati Tetty , Hilmanto Dany
Published: July 2021

Background Prematurity is a risk factor of neonatal sepsis and its associated morbidities and mortality. Most deaths in neonatal sepsis occur within the first seven days. Presepsin has been reported as one of the earliest biomarkers for predicting mortality.

Objective To determine the association between presepsin levels and mortality risk, as well as the optimal presepsin cut-off point for predicting mortality, in premature infants with neonatal sepsis

.Method This was an observational prospective cohort study on 62 preterm infants born at 28 to <37 weeks’ gestation. We recorded clinical and laboratory characteristics, performed blood culture, and measured presepsin levels at initial diagnosis of sepsis. Subjects were followed for seven days and their outcome (death or survival) recorded. We evaluated the association between clinical and laboratory characteristics, including presepsin levels, with sepsis outcome. We also constructed a receiver-operator characteristics curve to determine the optimal cut-off point of presepsin as a predictor of sepsis mortality.

Results Only blood culture results (P=0.006) and presepsin level (P<0.001) were significantly associated with sepsis outcome on the seventh day. The optimal presepsin cut-off value for predicting mortality was 1057 ng/mL, with an area under curve of 80.4%, sensitivity of 60.71%, and specificity of 88.24%. A presepsin level of >1057 ng/mL was associated with increased mortality [RR 3.02; 95%CI  68.3 to 89.4; P<0.001].

Conclusion In preterm infants with neonatal sepsis, an elevated presepsin level at diagnosis is a significant risk factor for mortality within seven days. Presepsin can be used as an early biomarker of sepsis outcome.
Perbandingan Masalah Mental Emosional dan Karakteristik Pasien Remaja dengan Talasemia Mayor di Poli Talasemia RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Sukma Qory Aulia , Tarigan Rodman , Lidyana Lynna
Published: July 2021

Latar belakang. Talasemia adalah penyakit genetik hematologik yang berdampak terhadap perubahan fisik dan kegiatan sehari-hari pasien sehingga berpengaruh pada psikososial pasien, terutama pasien remaja yang mengalami perubahan emosional pada fase transisi menuju dewasa.Tujuan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan masalah mental emosional dengan karakteristik pasien remaja talasemia mayor di Poli Talasemia RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung.Metode. Penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif-analitik dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada bulan Agustus– September 2019. Subjek penelitian adalah 96 pasien talasemia di Poli Talasemia RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dengan kelompok usia 11-17 tahun yang mengisi self-assessment Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).Hasil. Dari 96 subjek penelitian, 49 (51%) adalah perempuan. Enam puluh empat (67%) adalah kelompok usia 11-14 tahun, dan 46 (48%) di antaranya adalah siswa SMP. Gambaran masalah mental emosional pasien meliputi masalah emosional 17 (18%), conduct 12 (12%), hiperaktivitas 8 (8%), dan masalah hubungan dengan teman sebaya 7 (7%). Kesimpulan. Tidak ada perbedaan antara masalah mental emosional dan karakteristik pasien remaja dengan talasemia mayor.
Phonetic Level of the Text as the Interpretation Determinant
Authors: Dyachenko I.N.
Published: July 2021

I.N. Dyachenko. Phonetic Level of the Text as the Interpretation Determinant. The article deals with modern paradigms of the text analysis. The text is considered the result of speech activity. The speech activity is an indispensable part of any individual’s activity. Recently, linguistics emphasizes that language is the way of representation of an individual’s mentality and consciousness. The text understanding is based on the system of concepts. As a result, the perception of the author’s idea is possible. The following approach is topical in the original text analysis. The interpreter is reconstructing the original text content within the frameworks of his/her own conceptual system. We have to mention that the absolute identity of the conceptual systems of the author and the interpreter is impossible because of their uniqueness. In cross-cultural translation the interpreter has to get the dominant meaning, emotive and phonosemantic content of the original text.
Competences of the interpreter
Authors: Ulanova Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

The article describes the practical skills of the interpreter. It reviews necessary professional skills essential for the interpreter. The author describes professional and innate abilities as vital when mastering and improving one’s skills of the simultaneous interpretation: mental alertness, long-term and operational memories, diaphragm breathing, and communication skills. The presentation plays a decisive role in the interpretation, in this regard, the author speaks about the problem of the working tool of the interpreter: voice hygiene. A special place in the article is devoted to the concept of the background knowledge, cultural competence, and their practical significance for the interpreter. The author concludes that range and richness of the background knowledge means more than recent news from media. The article also depicts the grounds of common mistakes in studying interpretation. In conclusion, the author emphasises the necessity of interpreters’ motivation and qualified training that together with personal development and experience of intercultural communication can result in a competent professional interpreter.
Intervenciones de la aorta ascendente: Estudio transversal en dos Instituciones de Salud de la Ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Torres Washima Irene Lucía , Pacheco Rodríguez Jennifer Paola , Ordoñez Arteaga Marlitt Elisa , Vázquez Quezada María Belén , López Rodríguez Javier Arturo , Córdova Ochoa Diego Alejandro
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: The treatment of ascending aorta (AA) aneurysms has evolved over the years. The surgical technique for this pathology should always be chosen in favor of preserving native tissues, as much as possible. Aortic dilation can be secondary to other pathologies. There is an association with arterial hypertension, COPD, smoking, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, Marfan syndrome. The aim of this study was to characterize patients who underwent ascending aorta surgery in two medical centers in Cuenca- Ecuador, between January 2014 and August 2019. METHODS: Cross-Sectional descriptive and correlation study. The study population was formed by 23 patients undergoing an ascending aortic surgical intervention, in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador, at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga or Clínica Santa Inés, from January 2014 to August 2019. Data was obtained from the patient’s medi-cal records. RESULTS: The age range went from 27 to 74 years with an average of 55.5 7 years. The most frequently found comorbidities were hypertension (56.5%) and type 2 diabetes (17.4%), 8.7% of the patients presented with Mar-fan syndrome. The most common diagnosis was ascending aortic aneurysm without significant valve damage (39%). 91% percent of the patients underwent surgery with the Bentall-De Bono technique. The majority of patients (52.2%) did not present any post-surgical complications. The mortality rate found in this population was 1.3 per 10 patients. CONCLUSIONS:Men were more frequently affected. The mean age was 55 years. The studied pathologies were heterogeneous, from SAA to primary or secondary aortic diseases. The main symptoms were angina and dyspnea; there was no significant association between clinical onset and mortality. The most frequent comor-bidities were Arterial Hypertension and type II Diabetes. We didn’t found any significant associations between complications and the other variables. The most common complication was bleeding that needed rintervention. Mortality decreased progressively since 2014. KEYWORDS: Aortic Diseases, Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Valve, Cardiac Surgical Procedures.
Estudio Transversal: Riesgo Cardiovascular en Diabetes Mellitus II según Score UKPDS en pacientes del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga
Authors: Bacuilima Zhañay Paola Cristina , Ochoa Bravo Andrea Catalina
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a disease of great health and socioeconomic impact. Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of death in diabetic patients, for this reason the application of prevention strategies is important. The aim of the research was to determine the cardiovascular risk according to UKPDS Score in patients diagnosed with DM2, treated at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca-Ecuador, from November 2918 to August 2019. METHODS:A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 118 patients diagnosed with DM2, treated at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, between November 2018 and August 2019. Clinical records were reviewed, information was collected on a form with all the variables of the UKPDS Score. Cardiovascular Risk Estimation (RCV) was carried out with the Risk Engine Calculator version 2.0 of the UKPDS Score. RESULTS: The female sex predominated in the study population. The age range went from 32 to 95 years old, the most frequent range of age was 55 to 59 years old (16.1%). The disease duration in 40% of the population was higher than 10 years. 42.4 %(n=50) presented SBP values ≥130mmHg. 75.4% of the sample had poor glycemic control, with glycosylated hemog-lobin levels higher than the normal range for each age group. The estimated 5-year CVR was low for most of the sample; while the 10 year CVR increased, especially for non-fatal CVD(high risk:21.25%) and for fatal (6.8%) and non-fatal(6.8%) AMI. CONCLUSION:Most of the patients had more than 10 years with DMII diagnosis. More than half of the sample had inadequate glycemic control. The CVR at 5 years was “low” for the majority of the population, both for AMI and CVD. The cardiovascular risk at 10 years was slightly higher for all entities, especially it increases for non-fatal CVD, to a “very high risk” of 21.2%, and the risk of AMI also increases to a “very high risk” of 6.8%. KEYWORDS: TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, CEREBROVASCULAR STROKE