bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-acetylation of α-synuclein enhances synaptic vesicle clustering mediated by α-synuclein and lysophosphatidylcholine
Authors: Wang Chuchu , Zhao Chunyu , Xiao Hu , Qiang Jiali , Liu Zhenying , Gu Jinge , Zhang Shengnan , Li Dan , Zhang Yaoyang , Burré Jacqueline , Diao Jiajia , Liu Cong
Published: April 2024

Previously, we reported that α-synuclein (α-syn) clusters synaptic vesicles (SV) Diao et al., 2013, and neutral phospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) can mediate this clustering Lai et al., 2023. Meanwhile, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of α-syn such as acetylation and phosphorylation play important yet distinct roles in regulating α-syn conformation, membrane binding, and amyloid aggregation. However, how PTMs regulate α-syn function in presynaptic terminals remains unclear. Here, based on our previous findings, we further demonstrate that N-terminal acetylation, which occurs under physiological conditions and is irreversible in mammalian cells, significantly enhances the functional activity of α-syn in clustering SVs. Mechanistic studies reveal that this enhancement is caused by the N-acetylation-promoted insertion of α-syn’s N-terminus and increased intermolecular interactions on the LPC-containing membrane. N-acetylation in our work is shown to fine-tune the interaction between α-syn and LPC, mediating α-syn’s role in synaptic vesicle clustering.
N-acetylation of α-synuclein enhances synaptic vesicle clustering mediated by α-synuclein and lysophosphatidylcholine
Authors: Wang Chuchu , Zhao Chunyu , Hu Xiao , Qiang Jiali , Liu Zhenying , Gu Jinge , Zhang Shengnan , Li Dan , Zhang Yaoyang , Burré Jacqueline , Diao Jiajie , Liu Cong
Published: April 2024

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of α-synuclein (α-syn) such as acetylation and phosphorylation play important yet distinct roles in regulating α-syn conformation, membrane binding, and amyloid aggregation. However, how PTMs regulate α-syn function in presynaptic terminals remains unclear. Previously, we reported that α-syn clusters synaptic vesicles (SV)
1
, and neutral phospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) can mediate this clustering
2
. Here, based on our previous findings, we further demonstrate that N-terminal acetylation, which occurs under physiological condition and is irreversible in mammalian cells, significantly enhances the functional activity of α-syn in clustering SVs. Mechanistic studies reveal that this enhancement is caused by the N-acetylation-promoted insertion of α-syn’s N-terminus and increased intermolecular interactions on the LPC-containing membrane. Our work demonstrates that N-acetylation fine-tunes α-syn–LPC interaction for mediating α-syn’s function in SV clustering.
RGS10 deficiency facilitates distant metastasis by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Yang , Jiang Yi , Qiu Peng , Ma Tie , Bai Yang , Bu Jiawen , Hu Yueting , Jin Ming , Zhu Tong , Gu Xi
Published: April 2024

Distant metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to breast cancer metastasis. Regulator of G protein-signaling (RGS) proteins modulates metastasis in various cancers. This study identified a novel role for RGS10 in EMT and metastasis in breast cancer. RGS10 protein levels were significantly lower in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues, and deficiency in RGS10 protein predicted a worse prognosis in patients with breast cancer. RGS10 protein levels were lower in the highly aggressive cell line MDA-MB-231 than in the poorly aggressive, less invasive cell lines MCF7 and SKBR3. Silencing RGS10 in SKBR3 cells enhanced EMT and caused SKBR3 cell migration and invasion. The ability of RGS10 to suppress EMT and metastasis in breast cancer was dependent on lipocalin-2 and MIR539-5p. These findings identify RGS10 as a tumor suppressor, prognostic biomarker, and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Development of a multi-fusion convolutional neural network (MF-CNN) for enhanced gastrointestinal disease diagnosis in endoscopy image analysis
Authors: Hossain Tanzim , Shamrat F M Javed Mehedi , Zhou Xujuan , Mahmud Imran , Mazumder Md. Sakib Ali , Sharmin Sharmin , Gururajan Raj
Published: April 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are prevalent medical conditions that require accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. To address this, we developed the Multi-Fusion Convolutional Neural Network (MF-CNN), a deep learning framework that strategically integrates and adapts elements from six deep learning models, enhancing feature extraction and classification of GI diseases from endoscopic images. The MF-CNN architecture leverages truncated and partially frozen layers from existing models, augmented with novel components such as Auxiliary Fusing Layers (AuxFL), Fusion Residual Block (FuRB), and Alpha Dropouts (αDO) to improve precision and robustness. This design facilitates the precise identification of conditions such as ulcerative colitis, polyps, esophagitis, and healthy colons. Our methodology involved preprocessing endoscopic images sourced from open databases, including KVASIR and ETIS-Larib Polyp DB, using adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) to enhance their quality. The MF-CNN framework supports detailed feature mapping for improved interpretability of the model’s internal workings. An ablation study was conducted to validate the contribution of each component, demonstrating that the integration of AuxFL, αDO, and FuRB played a crucial part in reducing overfitting and efficiency saturation and enhancing overall model performance. The MF-CNN demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of efficacy, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.25%. It also excelled in other key performance metrics with a precision of 99.27%, a recall of 99.25%, and an F1-score of 99.25%. These metrics confirmed the model’s proficiency in accurate classification and its capability to minimize false positives and negatives across all tested GI disease categories. Furthermore, the AUC values were exceptional, averaging 1.00 for both test and validation sets, indicating perfect discriminative ability. The findings of the P-R curve analysis and confusion matrix further confirmed the robust classification performance of the MF-CNN. This research introduces a technique for medical imaging that can potentially transform diagnostics in gastrointestinal healthcare facilities worldwide.
E-MFNN: an emotion-multimodal fusion neural network framework for emotion recognition
Authors: Guo Zhuen , Yang Mingqing , Lin Li , Li Jisong , Zhang Shuyue , He Qianbo , Gao Jiaqi , Meng Heling , Chen Xinran , Tao Yuehao , Yang Chen
Published: April 2024

Emotional recognition is a pivotal research domain in computer and cognitive science. Recent advancements have led to various emotion recognition methods, leveraging data from diverse sources like speech, facial expressions, electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram, and eye tracking (ET). This article introduces a novel emotion recognition framework, primarily targeting the analysis of users’ psychological reactions and stimuli. It is important to note that the stimuli eliciting emotional responses are as critical as the responses themselves. Hence, our approach synergizes stimulus data with physical and physiological signals, pioneering a multimodal method for emotional cognition. Our proposed framework unites stimulus source data with physiological signals, aiming to enhance the accuracy and robustness of emotion recognition through data integration. We initiated an emotional cognition experiment to gather EEG and ET data alongside recording emotional responses. Building on this, we developed the Emotion-Multimodal Fusion Neural Network (E-MFNN), optimized for multimodal data fusion to process both stimulus and physiological data. We conducted extensive comparisons between our framework’s outcomes and those from existing models, also assessing various algorithmic approaches within our framework. This comparison underscores our framework’s efficacy in multimodal emotion recognition. The source code is publicly available at https://figshare.com/s/8833d837871c78542b29.
Transfer learning based approach for lung and colon cancer detection using local binary pattern features and explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques
Authors: Alsubai Shtwai
Published: April 2024

Cancer, a life-threatening disorder caused by genetic abnormalities and metabolic irregularities, is a substantial health danger, with lung and colon cancer being major contributors to death. Histopathological identification is critical in directing effective treatment regimens for these cancers. The earlier these disorders are identified, the lesser the risk of death. The use of machine learning and deep learning approaches has the potential to speed up cancer diagnosis processes by allowing researchers to analyse large patient databases quickly and affordably. This study introduces the Inception-ResNetV2 model with strategically incorporated local binary patterns (LBP) features to improve diagnostic accuracy for lung and colon cancer identification. The model is trained on histopathological images, and the integration of deep learning and texture-based features has demonstrated its exceptional performance with 99.98% accuracy. Importantly, the study employs explainable artificial intelligence (AI) through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to unravel the complex inner workings of deep learning models, providing transparency in decision-making processes. This study highlights the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis in an era of more accurate and reliable medical assessments.
Inhibition of SUV39H1 reduces tumor angiogenesis via Notch1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yan , Weng Xiuhong , Zhang Chuanjie , Wang Simin , Wu Xuechen , Cheng Bo
Published: April 2024

Targeting tumor angiogenesis is an important approach in advanced tumor therapy. Here we investigated the effect of the suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) on tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression of SUV39H1 in various cancer tissues. The expression of SUV39H1 in OSCC was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between SUV39H1 and Notch1 and microvascular density (MVD) was analyzed. The effect of SUV39H1 inhibition on OSCC was investigated in vivo by chaetocin treatment. The migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells by conditioned culture-medium of different treatments of oral squamous cell cells were measured. The transcriptional level of SUV39H1 is elevated in various cancer tissues. The transcription level of SUV39H1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in control. Immunohistochemistry result showed increased SUV39H1 expression in OSCC, which was significantly correlated with T staging. The expression of SUV39H1 was significantly correlated with Notch1 and CD31. In vivo experiment chaetocin treatment significantly inhibit the growth of tumor, and reduce SUV39H1, Notch1, CD31 expression. The decreased expression of SUV39H1 in OSCC cells lead to the decreased expression of Notch1 and VEGF proteins, as well as the decreased migration and tube formation ability of vascular endothelial cells. Inhibition of Notch1 further enhance this effect. Our results suggest inhibition of SUV39H1 may affect angiogenesis by regulating Notch1 expression. This study provides a foundation for SUV39H1 as a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
Metabolome and transcriptome integration reveals insights into petals coloration mechanism of three species in Sect. Chrysantha chang
Authors: Yan Yadan , Wang Ye , Wen Yafeng , Huang Yu , Zhang Minhuan , Huang Jiadi , Li Xinyu , Wang Chuncheng , Xu Dangqing
Published: April 2024

Background

Sect. Chrysantha Chang, belonging to the Camellia genus, is one of the rare and precious ornamental plants distinguished by a distinctive array of yellow-toned petals. However, the variation mechanisms of petal color in Sect. Chrysantha Chang remains largely unclear.

Methods

We conducted an integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome to reveal petal coloration mechanism in three species, which have different yellow tones petals, including C. chuongtsoensis (CZ, golden yellow), C. achrysantha (ZD, light yellow), and C. parvipetala (XB, milk white).

Results

A total of 356 flavonoid metabolites were detected, and 295 differential metabolites were screened. The contents of 74 differential metabolites showed an upward trend and 19 metabolites showed a downward trend, among which 11 metabolites were annotated to the KEGG pathway database. We speculated that 10 metabolites were closely related to the deepening of the yellowness. Transcriptome analysis indicated that there were 2,948, 14,018 and 13,366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CZ vs. ZD, CZ vs. XB and ZD vs. XB, respectively. Six key structural genes (CcCHI, CcFLS, CcDFR1, CcDFR2, CcDFR3, and CcCYP75B1) and five candidate transcription factors (MYB22, MYB28, MYB17, EREBP9, and EREBP13) were involved in the regulation of flavonoid metabolites. The findings indicate that flavonoid compounds influence the color intensity of yellow-toned petals in Sect. Chrysantha Chang. Our results provide a new perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color variation and present potential candidate genes for Camellia breeding.
Motivações e dificuldades encontradas pelos Microempreendedores Individuais (MEIs) do setor têxtil da cidade de Gaspar/SC
Authors: Mondini Vanessa Edy Dagnoni , Hora Givaldo Bezerra da , Tenfen Glaucia Marian , Sabel Sueli , Marchi Janaina da Silva
Published: April 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as motivações e dificuldades enfrentadas durante e após a formalização dos Microempreendedores Individuais (MEIs) do setor têxtil da cidade de Gaspar/SC, reconhecida em 2022 como Capital Nacional da Moda Infantil. Com uma abordagem descritiva, a pesquisa emprega métodos quantitativos a partir da aplicação de um questionário eletrônico respondido por 79 MEIs. Os resultados destacam que a formalização proporcionou vantagens, como a realização do sonho de ter um negócio próprio, acesso a benefícios sociais, emissão de notas fiscais e crédito bancário. No entanto, observou-se que muitos MEIs não demonstram interesse em buscar capacitação financeira nem adotam sistemas informatizados de controle financeiro, elementos cruciais para decisões assertivas e sustentabilidade. Em termos de contribuições sociais e gerenciais, o estudo oferece elementos relevantes para a análise, visando aprimorar a gestão e desempenho dos empreendimentos. As informações apresentadas fornecem insights estratégicos que podem ser aplicados para a melhoria das práticas gerenciais, impulsionando o sucesso nos negócios.
Estimating the Effect of Copolar Attenuation Caused by Rain Events on Radio Wave Propagation
Authors: Ojoba C. K. , Zhimwang J. T. , Ogherohwo E. P. , Enaibe E.
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of different rain classifications and elevation angles on copolar attenuation, a critical factor influencing radio wave propagation in communication systems operating in adverse weather conditions. Using data collected over the years 2021 and 2022 in Warri, Delta State of Nigeria. Copolar attenuation values at 400 and 600 elevation angles were analyzed across various rain classifications, including Drizzle, Widespread, Shower, Cloudburst, and Extreme Cloudburst. The results highlight that higher intensity rain events, such as Cloudburst and Extreme Cloudburst, lead to significantly greater copolar attenuation compared to lower intensity rain classifications. Furthermore, the sensitivity of copolar attenuation to elevation angle is observed, with higher angles generally associated with lower attenuation values. These findings underscore the importance of considering rain intensity and elevation angle in the design and operation of communication systems to mitigate the effects of rain-induced attenuation and ensure reliable signal transmission. By optimizing antenna placement and orientation and employing adaptive communication techniques, such as adaptive modulation and coding, communication networks can be better equipped to maintain connectivity in challenging weather conditions.
NMR Analysis of Dog Erythrocytic Membrane Antigen
Authors: Kalaiselvi G. , Tirumurugaan K. G. , Raj G. Dhinakar , Vijayarani K. , Baranidharan R.
Published: April 2024

Aim: NMR spectroscopy analysis of dog erythrocytic membrane antigen in order to differentiate blood groups in dogs
Methodology: The purified dog erythrocytic membrane glycoprotein of DEA1.1 positive and negative blood were subjected in to NMR spectroscopy analysis. One-dimensional C13-NMR spectra were acquired at 25°C on a high resolution spectrometer Fourier 300 MHz (Bruker’s, (USA) using the first increment of the pulse sequence NOESY-presat, 128 scans, sweep window 20 ppm, 32 k points and relaxation delay 5 seconds. The spectra were processed and analyzed with Bruker’s. TopSpin software 300 zero-filing to 64 k points and line broadening 0.5 Hz22 and MestReNova 8.1 software (Mestrelab Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain).
Results: The DEA 1.1 positive and negative membrane glycoprotein showed chemical shift with minimum spectral difference and functional group, CH3CO at the level of 20-30 ppm, RCH2Cl at the level of 35-45 ppm, RCH2OH, C=O (in acids and esters) at the level of 170 ppm were identified in both DEA 1.1 positive and negative membrane glycoprotein in NMR analysis of canine erythrocytic membrane antigen.
Conclusion: NMR studies of conformational changes of membrane proteins in response to small molecule and protein ligands and the changing lipid environment at different physiological states of cellular membranes. The exploration of the structural and mechanistic biology of membrane proteins by NMR has a bright future and bring many new exciting  discoveries.
Soil Moisture Distribution Pattern under Drip Irrigation in Sandy Loam Soil Using Gravimetric Method
Authors: Aiswarya L. , Siddharam . , Sandeepika M.
Published: April 2024

Soil moisture distribution pattern plays an important role in finding out the effectiveness of drip irrigation as the irrigation is scheduled based on the crop water requirement (CWR) and restricted to the root zone of the crop. The objective of this study was to characterize the soil moisture distribution pattern in the sandy loam soil of chilli field. The effective root zone of chilli crop was 18cm. The drip irrigation system with emitter discharge of 4lph was installed in the field. The soil moisture content at the depth of 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm respectively from the horizontal distance of 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm from the emitter were recorded after 2hr and 24hr of irrigation. Soil moisture content was measured by the gravimetric method. The soil moisture distribution pattern was assessed by the SURFER-16 Software from the recorded soil moisture content. The result shows that, in the sandy loam, the water movement was faster and there was more vertical distribution of the soil moisture than lateral distribution.
Effect of Young and Old Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Haematological, Renal and Liver Indices in Rattus novergicus
Authors: Dwomoh Joshua , Addison Duodu , Bonsu Fritz R. K. , Amissah-Reynolds Papa Kofi , Effah-Yeboah Emmanuel , Ofori Samuel A.
Published: April 2024

Aim: The use of Moringa oleifera leaves has gained worldwide acceptance in use by animals and humans. The study aimed to determine the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of young and old Moringa oleifera on haematological, renal, and liver indices in Wistar rats.
Design: A completely randomized design was used for the study.
Place and duration of study: The study was carried out in the Animal Science Department of Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development and lasted for six weeks.
Materials and methods: A total of twenty male Wistar rats of age eight weeks old were used for the study. The Wistar rats were kept in aluminum cages under a 12-hours light and 12-hours dark cycle. The rats were divided into four treatments; Treatment (T1) received 1 mL/bw/day of normal saline, Treatments 2, 3, and 4 received 100 mg/kg/bw of iron (III) hydroxide polymaltose, 100 mg/kg/bw of young Moringa oleifera extract (YMoE) and 100mg/kg/bw of old Moringa oleifera extract (OMoE) as treatments respectively for six weeks. Phytochemical screening of young and old Moringa oleifera was done separately using standard extraction procedures.
Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of triterpenoid, glycosides, flavonoid, and saponins in both young and old Moringa oleifera leaves, however, alkaloids and tannins were found only in young leaves of Moringa oleifera.  Both extract (YMoE and OMoE) significantly (P<0.05) influenced rat’s feed intake and body weight. An insignificant (P>0.05) effect of the treatment on haematological parameters was observed. However, there was a significant (P<0.05) effect of YMoE and OMoE treatments on haemoglobin which mirrored the effect of iron (III) hydroxide polymaltose. The study found no significant effect (P>0.05) of  YMoE and OMoE treatments on liver enzymes, and Blood urea nitrogen. Creatines levels showed elevation in the group that received iron (III) hydroxide polymaltose, while those administered with Moringa extract had similar effect to the normal saline treatment. Histopathological examinations showed normal kidney and liver architecture in normal saline and Moringa oleifera treatments. Mild renal epithelium degeneration was observed in the iron (III) hydroxide poly-maltose treatment.
Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that both young and old Moringa oleifera leaves may effectively manage anaemia without causing kidney or liver damage.
Diurnal BP Variations among Gender and Age Groups in 1000 Patients in a Cardiac Facility in The South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Nwafor Chibuike Eze , Clement Crown
Published: April 2024

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease globally. Office blood pressure (OBP) is standard, but Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) offers more comprehensive assessment, yet is underutilized in southern Nigeria. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the blood pressure variables (BPV) using ABPM in a diverse group of people in south-south Nigeria.
Methods: Gender distribution and age categories were noted. ABPM variables, like average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), were measured during wake and sleep. Analysis identified gender and age-related ABPM differences.
Results: There were more males than females (55% vs 45%). The study revealed significant differences in blood pressure measurements between genders and age group during wake and sleep periods. During wake, males had higher systolic and diastolic BP. The mean systolic blood pressure was 135.3 mmHg ± 14.3 and 131.4 mmHg ± 14.5 for males and females, respectively (p value = 0<0.001). During sleep, females exhibited lower diastolic blood pressure compared to males (73.5 mmHg ± 10.4 vs. 76.0 mmHg ± 10.9) (p value = 0.002). Age-related variations were observed, with older individuals (>60 years) showing higher average systolic BP compared to other age groups during wake (135.1 ±15.8)  and sleep (129.4 ±18.01) periods (p = 0.0083, p = 0.0001, respectively).
Conclusion This study contributes to our understanding of the evolving trends in day and night ABPM variables among patients in South-South Nigeria. The findings show the importance of comprehensive cardiovascular assessments to accurately evaluate and manage cardiovascular health in diverse patient populations.
Post-harvest Treatment of Banana with Artificial Ripening Agent Influences Its Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Ogo Ogo , Amos Funke , Ijeoma Princess , Adobe Rose , El-Khalid Amali
Published: April 2024

Bananas are widely consumed fruits that are often subjected to artificial ripening to accelerate their marketability for economic gains. Calcium carbide (CaC2) is most commonly used as ripening agent, particularly in developing countries, due to its low cost and effectiveness. However, the use of CaC2 has raised concerns about its potential impact on the safety and nutritional quality of the treated fruits. Assessment of the impact of this practice on the nutritional value of banana is key to improving its functionality and maximize its nutriture. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of post-harvest treatment of banana with calcium carbide agent on nutrient composition and antioxidant enzymes of the pulp. Mature green bananas were separated into fingers of the same size and divided into 4 groups. Group I was untreated and unripen while groups II and III were CaC2-treated at 4g/kg and 8g/kg of fruit respectively. Group IV underwent natural ripening. Proximate composition, sensory evaluation and antioxidant enzyme analyses were carried on the samples after the treatment period following standard procedures. The results show that calcium carbide used at 4g/kg and 8g/kg tilted sensory properties of banana pulp towards low values but not significantly (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of the artificially ripened banana compared to control bananas. Similarly, the levels of essential minerals decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in treated groups II and III compared with group 4. Furthermore, the results of antioxidant enzyme activities indicated that calcium carbide treatment compromised the levels of all the antioxidant enzymes analysed as their concentrations significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from 3.42 to 1.65 U/mL; 32.79 to 22.73 U/mL and 0.68 to 0.28 U/mL for peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase respectively. These findings have shown how the nutritional composition as well as antioxidant potential of banana could be compromised if the use of chemical ripening agents such as calcium carbide continues unabated.
Evaluation of Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Constituents in Saccharum officinarum L. Exposed to Roadside Traffic-Derived Ambient Air Pollution
Authors: Singh Deepak , Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2024

Saccharum officinarum L. is a useful crop and a member of the Poaceae family that yields sugar molecules with a high concentration. The present study focused on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical substances. For the comparative analysis of the crop, we have selected traffic road and non-traffic road sites (control). The qualitative phytochemical substances showed the analysis of protein, carbohydrate, iodine, phenol, tannin, flavonoids, saponin, glycosides, steroid, terpene, and alkaloid, quantitative phytochemical substances of (total phenolic content total mean value 0.03644 ˃ 0.03240 and total flavonoid content total mean value 0.04772 ˃ 0.03952). The quality of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical substances in crops growing near traffic roads was reduced. The negative effects of traffic-related air pollution on crop vegetation are clearly shown in this record. Crop vegetation varies between traffic roads and control sites based on analysis of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical substance data.
Utilizing Insect Frass (Faecal Matter): A Sustainable Approach to Organic Fertilization in Agriculture
Authors: Ahmad Nawazish , Kumar Rishabh , Saha Tamoghna , Keerthana Marri , Jigyasa . , Banshidhar . , Jaiswal Priyanka
Published: April 2024

Insect frass, commonly known as insect fecal matter, is emerging as a sustainable solution for organic fertilization in agriculture. This paper explores the potential benefits and applications of utilizing insect frass as an organic fertilizer, highlighting its role in promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Through a comprehensive review of literature, this study examines the nutrient composition of insect frass and its impact on soil fertility and plant growth. Furthermore, the paper discusses the ecological advantages of incorporating insect frass into agricultural systems, including its ability to reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers and minimize environmental pollution. Additionally, the study delves into various methods of utilizing insect frass in different agricultural settings, ranging from soil incorporation to foliar applications. Moreover, the paper addresses the economic feasibility of insect frass as a viable alternative to conventional fertilizers, considering factors such as production costs and market demand. By synthesizing existing research and providing insights into practical applications, this paper underscores the potential of insect frass as a sustainable approach to organic fertilization in agriculture. Ultimately, this study aims to promote further exploration and adoption of insect frass as a valuable resource for enhancing soil health, increasing crop yields, and fostering ecological sustainability in agricultural practices. As agricultural sustainability becomes increasingly imperative, innovative solutions are sought to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers and mitigate environmental impacts. In this pursuit, the utilization of insect frass as an organic fertilizer presents a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture. With the rapid expansion of the human population, the mass breeding of insects for feed and food has emerged as a highly efficient means of protein production. A notable byproduct of this process is insect feces, or frass, which exhibits remarkable nutrient content and abundance, surpassing animal biomass production by up to 40 times. Harnessing insect frass as an organic fertilizer offers numerous advantages, including enhanced soil fertility, improved crop yield, and reduced dependency on agrochemicals.
Cardiac Tamponade: An Unusual First Case Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sarah Dghoughi , Dounia Jama , Hanae Charif , Karim Mounaouir , Maha Bouziane , Meryem Haboub , Ghali Bennouna El , Abdenasser Drighil , Rachida Habbal
Published: April 2024

This case is reported for the rarity of cardiac tamponade as a first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with worldwide prevalence, affecting almost every organ in the body. A 27-year-old woman presented to our hospital after two months of progressive shortness of breath, generalized edematous syndrome and diffuse, non-migratory arthralgias; the patient's shortness of breath was exacerbated on exertion and associated with a vague sensation of chest tightness. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large circumferential pericardial effusion with an echo-free space of 34 mm in apical view and 36 mm in subcoastal view with an oscillating heart and diastolic collapse of the right ventricle and atrium. This case is reported for the rarity of cardiac tamponade as a first manifestation of SLE. Because pericarditis is more common in SLE patients, the low frequency of tamponade may be partially explained by the extensive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) and steroids, which effectively reduce pericardial inflammation. We emphasize the importance of including SLE in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with cardiovascular symptoms, as cardiac tamponade and pleural effusion are uncommon early presentations of SLE. Early detection and diagnosis are essential for prompt intervention and better patient outcomes.
Assessing the Impact of Weather Variables on Maruca vitrata (F) Population Dynamics in Green Gram and Evaluating the Efficacy of Various Insecticides
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Jony , Pandey Ajit , Tiwari Brajrajsharan
Published: April 2024

The research was conducted during the Kharif 2018 season at the Central Research Farm, SHUATS, situated in Naini, Prayagraj. It encompassed two pivotal experiments aimed at understanding the population dynamics of the spotted pod borer and assessing the efficacy of various insecticides for its control. In the initial experiment, a 10×5m separate plot was designated to monitor the population dynamics of the spotted pod borer. Weekly observations were conducted by randomly selecting five plants and recording the larvae count per plant. Activity of the pest was observed from the 32nd to the 40th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW), peaking during the 37th SMW (9.88 larvae per five plants). Correlation analysis unveiled significant associations, including a positive correlation with rainfall (r = 0.789**) and a negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature (r = -0.027NS and 0.260NS), as well as wind velocity (r = -0.465NS). In the subsequent experiment, the efficacy of various insecticides was evaluated using a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and eight treatments, including an untreated plot. Two applications of all selected insecticide molecules were made against the green gram spotted pod borer, with data recorded before spraying, on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days post-spraying. The results showcased the highest pest reduction in the chloropyriphos-treated plot (69.60%), followed by Cypermethrin (64.74%), Imidacloprid (53.04%), Quinalphos (47.26%), Monocrotophos (46.06%), Spinosad (40.96%), and Indoxacarb (34.93%) Notably, Indoxacarb (1:2.24) emerged as the most effective and economical treatment, followed by Spinosad 45SC (1:1.94), Monocrotophos (1:1.80), Chloropyriphos (1:1.75), Quinalphos (1:1.66), Imidaclopride (1:1.60), and Cypermethrin (1:1.59). This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the management strategies for controlling the spotted pod borer in green gram cultivation, crucial for ensuring crop health and productivity.
Physicochemical Properties and Cost of Production of Cow Milk Shrikhand Blended with Calcutta Betel Vine (Piper betel) Extract
Authors: Maske Pallavi G. , Wankhade Bhavana R. , Atkare V.G. , Motghare A.B.
Published: April 2024

The present investigation entitled “Preparation of cow milk shrikhand blended with calcutta betel vine (Piper betel) leaves extract” was conducted at Section of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, Nagpur. An effort was made to find out the physicochemical properties and calculate the cost structure. Some of the findings emerged from the present investigation are summarized as follows. Concerning the chemical composition of Calcutta betel vine leaves extract added in shrikhand, it was observed that the fat, protein and titratable acidity content were slightly decreased with addition of different levels of Calcutta betel vine leaves extract. The moisture, ash and pH of shrikhand was significantly increased. The total solids and solids not fat content of shrikhand was decreased with increase the level of Calcutta betel vine leaves extract. As regards to the cost of production per kg shrikhand was lowest in T1 (Rs. 238.23 kg-1) and highest in T5 (Rs.294.81 kg-1). Which indicates that, increase in the level of Calcutta betel vine leaves extract showed increase in cost of production for preparation of shrikhand. The present study concluded that acceptable quality shrikhand can be prepared by adding 6 % Calcutta betel vine leaves extract.
Transtornos Alimentares: O Mal-Estar na Cultura Pós-Moderna
Authors: Reckziegel Thaís Karolyne , J. Lucas Maria Salete
Published: April 2024

Apresentando etiologia multifatorial, os transtornos alimentares caracterizam-se por uma grave alteração no comportamento alimentar e no corpo, sendo defesas psíquicas complexas, presentes na cultura pós-moderna, a qual é considerada como a era do vazio e que propaga que possui mais valor aquelas pessoas que têm um corpo magro. O presente trabalho buscou refl etir sobre a parcela que cabe aos ditames da cultura pós-moderna na causação dos transtornos alimentares, considerando as ferramentas virtuais disponíveis na contemporaneidade, como condições subjetivas pelas quais os sintomas aparecem e conduzem maneiras equivocadas para as pessoas se defenderem do vazio psíquico instaurado. Com o avanço dos meios de comunicação e o desenvolvimento da internet, blogs e páginas on-line, no início dos anos 2000, surgiram as comunidades virtuais “pró-ana” e “pró-mia”, conhecidas por serem defensoras de comportamentos característicos dos transtornos alimentares anorexia e bulimia, considerando estes como estilos de vida. Mesmo com os avanços e mudanças ocorridas nas páginas de relacionamentos virtuais, ainda hoje é possível encontrar perfi s que se apresentam como pró-anorexia e pró-bulimia, revelando-se como uma problemática da cultura pós-moderna, estabelecida e vivida por pessoas reais. No entanto, contrariando as expectativas de que essas páginas atuam como desencadeadoras e mantenedoras de comportamentos característicos de transtornos alimentares, é importante pontuar que, em geral, quem busca essas comunidades virtuais já possui predisposição aos comportamentos característicos de transtornos alimentares e percebem estes espaços como possível rede de apoio.Palavras-chave: Transtornos alimentares, cultura, pós-modernidade, blogs, redes sociais.
Duetting—A mechanism to strengthen pair bonds in a dispersed pair‐living primate (Lepilemur edwardsi)?
Authors: Méndez‐Cárdenas Maria G. , Zimmermann Elke
Published: March 2009

Duetting is defined as an interactively organized pair display in which one pair partner coordinates its vocalizations in time with those of the other. It is widespread among tropical birds and cohesive pair‐living primates, in which it is suggested to strengthen pair bonds. We know very little about the presence and function of duetting in dispersed pair‐living mammals. We studied duetting behavior in a solitary foraging, but pair‐sleeping, primate, the Milne Edwards' sportive lemur, in a dry deciduous forest of north‐western Madagascar. We radio‐tracked six pairs throughout 1 year and recorded their sleeping sites and associations, home‐range use, and vocal and behavioral interactions. Three different periods were covered (mating, pregnancy, and offspring care). Sleeping partners form long‐term pair bonds, indicated by an almost exclusive pair‐specific usage of sleeping sites and home‐ranges across periods. We explored three functional hypothesis of duetting: mate reunion, pair reunion, and joint‐territorial defense. Pairs regularly engaged in duet calling. Duetting increased significantly during the offspring care period. Duetting occurred significantly more often at feeding sites than at sleeping sites. Pair partners synchronized behavioral activities after duetting. The activity most often synchronized was locomotion. Pair partners played an equal role in duetting with no difference between sexes in starting or terminating duetting. Altogether, our results provide support for the hypothesis that in dispersed pair‐living primates, duetting evolved as a mechanism to coordinate activities between pair partners dispersed in space, to strengthen pair bonds, and, perhaps, to limit infanticide and nutritional stress in lactating females. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allosterische Schalter: Fernsteuerungen für Proteine
Authors: Berg Thorsten
Published: March 2009

An der langen Leine: Einen selektiven niedermolekularen Modulator für jede Domäne eines jeden menschlichen Proteins zu entwickeln, ist eine Herkules‐Aufgabe. Wäre es nicht viel einfacher, die Aktivität eines beliebigen Proteins durch Verknüpfung mit einem allgemein anwendbaren Schalterprotein indirekt zu steuern?

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Allosteric Switches: Remote Controls for Proteins
Authors: Berg Thorsten
Published: March 2009

Long‐distance service: Finding a selective small‐molecule modulator for every domain of every human protein is a Herculean task. Wouldn't it be much easier to control the activity of any protein of choice by simply fusing it with a generally adaptable switch protein and controlling protein activity indirectly?

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Pentraxins: Multifunctional proteins at the interface of innate immunity and inflammation
Authors: Deban Livija , Bottazzi Barbara , Garlanda Cecilia , de la Torre Yeny Martinez , Mantovani Alberto
Published: March 2009

Pentraxins are a family of multimeric pattern recognition proteins highly conserved in evolution. On the basis of the primary structure of the protomer, pentraxins are divided into two groups: short pentraxins and long pentraxins. C reactive protein, the first pattern recognition receptor identified, and serum amyloid P component are classic short pentraxins produced in the liver in response to IL‐6. Long pentraxins, including the prototype PTX3, are expressed in a variety of tissues. PTX3 is produced by a variety of cells and tissues, most notably dendritic cells and macrophages, in response to Toll‐like receptor (TLR) engagement and inflammatory cytokines. Through interaction with several ligands, including selected pathogens and apoptotic cells, pentraxins play a role in complement activation, pathogen recognition and apoptotic cell clearance. In addition, PTX3 is involved in the deposition of extracellular matrix and female fertility. Unlike the classic short pentraxins CRP and SAP, PTX3 primary sequence and regulation are highly conserved in man and mouse. Thus, gene targeting identified PTX3 (and presumably other members of the family) as multifunctional soluble pattern recognition receptors acting as a nonredundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity and involved in tuning inflammation, matrix deposition, and female fertility. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Dynamics and stability of amyloid‐like steric zipper assemblies with hydrophobic dry interfaces
Authors: Vitagliano Luigi , Stanzione Francesca , De Simone Alfonso , Esposito Luciana
Published: March 2009

Recent seminal investigations have suggested that the basic structural motif of amyloid fibers may be constituted by a tight association of two facing β‐sheets (steric zipper). Although this model has been derived from crystal structures of small peptide models, several theoretical investigations, essentially focused on steric zipper interface containing large polar and/or aromatic side chains, have confirmed the stability of this motif in a crystal‐free context. To analyze the general validity of these findings, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on aggregates stabilized by steric zipper interfaces made also of small or hydrophobic residues. In particular, we here characterized assemblies formed by the peptides SSTSAA and VQIVYK, whose structures have been recently solved at high resolution. In contrast to previous results obtained for polar/aromatic aggregates of the same size and with similar interface area, steric zipper assemblies composed of a pair of 10‐stranded β‐sheets show high fluctuations and significant distortions in the simulation timescales (40–60 ns). Taking into account the crystal packing, the effect of the addition of an extra sheet to the assemblies was also evaluated. The MD results indicate that this addition does not provide extra‐stabilization to the pair of sheet models. Although present data do not preclude the possibility that the steric zipper association identified in the crystal structure is the basic motif of SSTSAA and VQIVYK fibers, our findings highlight the importance of the nature of residues directly involved in the motif. Indeed, polar and aromatic residues that may form intrasheet and intersheet interactions likely provide a strong contribution to the steric zipper motif stability. Along this line, assemblies endowed with hydrophobic residues presumably require larger interfaces. In line with this suggestion, MD analysis of the HET‐s(218–289) prion models composed of a similar number of strands shows that the assembly is endowed with a remarkable stability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1161–1171, 2009.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Postoperative reduced dose of cisplatin concomitant with radiation therapy in high‐ risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Franchin Giovanni , Minatel Emilio , Politi Doriano , Gobitti Carlo , Talamini Renato , Vaccher Emanuela , Savignano Maria Gabriella , Trovo Marco , Sulfaro Sandro , Barzan Luigi
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND:

The role of low doses of cisplatin and concomitant postoperative radiotherapy in high risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been defined.

METHODS:

Patients treated with definitive surgery, who had histological evidence of involvement of more than 2 lymph nodes, extracapsular extension of disease, perineural and/or intravascular invasion, involved or close surgical margins, received postoperative radiotherapy plus 75 mg/m2 of cisplatin every 3 weeks during the radiotherapy cycle. The primary endpoints were to evaluate treatment compliance and overall, cause‐specific, and disease‐free survival.

RESULTS:

A total of 142 patients were enrolled. With a median follow‐up of 40 months, 5‐year overall survival was 68%, cause‐specific survival 78% and disease‐free survival 82%. At multivariate analysis surgical margins status and extracapsular lymph node invasion were the only statistically significant prognostic factors. Fifty‐three percent of the patients developed severe mucositis and 14% hematologic toxicity of grade 3. The 3 planned concomitant chemotherapy cycles were delivered to 48% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Postoperative radiotherapy and concomitant low‐dose cisplatin was an effective treatment in high risk head and neck patients. The total toxicity observed was lower compared with that reported with higher doses of cisplatin, although the delivery of all the 3 planned chemotherapy cycles was challenging. The distant failure rate was high, which was an unsatisfactory result. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Bleeding diathesis in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia receiving dasatinib therapy
Authors: Quintás‐Cardama Alfonso , Kantarjian Hagop , Ravandi Farhad , O'Brien Susan , Thomas Deborah , Vidal‐Senmache Gabriela , Wierda William , Kornblau Steven , Cortes Jorge
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND:

The most frequent nonhematologic side effects associated with dasatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are gastrointestinal, rash, and fluid retention syndromes. However, bleeding has been observed in some patients receiving dasatinib. In the current study, the authors investigated the risk factors and management of bleeding associated with dasatinib therapy for CML after imatinib failure.

METHODS:

The bleeding episodes associated with dasatinib therapy in 138 patients with CML who were consecutively treated at the study institution in clinical trials were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Bleeding occurred in 32 (23%) patients (grade ≥3 in 9 [7%] patients [according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria]), including in 12% of patients treated in chronic phase, 31% of patients treated in accelerated phase (AP), and 35% of patients treated in blast phase (BP) (P = .02). The majority of episodes (81%) affected the gastrointestinal tract. Basic coagulation studies were normal in 97% of patients who developed bleeding complications. Although 37% of episodes occurred with platelet counts >100 × 109/L, multivariate analysis identified thrombocytopenia and advanced phase CML as risk factors for bleeding. A trend toward an increased risk with a twice‒daily schedule was observed (P = .17). Management included dasatinib interruption for a median of 17 days (range, 3‐51 days) in 47%, of patients and transfusions in 72% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bleeding occurs during dasatinib therapy, particularly in patients with AP or BP disease and low platelet counts. Appropriate clinical monitoring and the timely interruption of dasatinib therapy are warranted in this subset of patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.