bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Rural Communities through Youth Photography
Authors: Oscarson Renee A. , Bowne Mary T. , DeBates Debra A. , Bell Julie A. , Bair Sherri S.
Published: November 2016

Despite frequent concerns about youth and young adult migration from rural to urban areas, most measures used to assess youth in rural community research have been developed by adults. Accurate understanding of youth community perceptions necessitates youth input into the research process. The participatory research strategy described here, using photography to describe community, enables youth to define community and identify what they value about their communities. Photographs and explanations of the photographs indicated that youth value places (schools, churches, as well as locations unique to communities) and people from those communities. Photovoice, photography-based participatory-action research, is a feasible and engaging method for obtaining youth perspectives on community issues. Further, Photovoice may be adapted to the needs of different age groups and situations.
An Exploratory Study of the Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development Among Indiana 4-H Youth
Authors: Robinson Abby M. , Esters Levon T. , Dotterer Aryn , McKee Renee , Tucker Mark
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of positive youth development (PYD) among Indiana 4-H club participants. Questionnaires were collected from a convenience sample of [State] youth (n = 453). Findings indicated that youth who participated in the 4-H program reported significantly higher total positive youth development than those who had never participated in 4-H. Youth who participated in the 4-H program also reported significantly higher scores on four of the Five Cs of PYD (Confidence, Connection, Character, and Caring). The findings of this study contribute to the Developmental Systems Theory by confirming the role that 4-H has in contributing to positive youth development. Recommendations are provided to guide future research related to the Five Cs aspect of positive youth development among 4-H youth.
Achieving the Anchor Promise: Improving Outcomes for Children, Families and Communities ~ A Resource Review
Authors: Dawson Patricia
Published: November 2016

Achieving the Anchor Promise offers insight into ways anchor community institutions such as hospitals or universities can measure the impact or key areas where they can play an effective role in bettering the welfare of their communities. Funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, this research report highlights more than 75 in-depth interviews with individuals from a broad range of institutions including non-profit leaders, community activists, hospital and university administrators and federal officials. “Best Practices” as well as challenges are reviewed with the goal aimed at helping Anchor Institutions to move from programs to impact and ultimately to delivering benefits to low-income families and communities
Mitigating Barriers to Civic Engagement for Low-Income, Minority Youth Ages 13-18: Best Practices from Environmental Youth Conferences
Authors: Hoang Haco
Published: November 2016

Several studies indicate that there is a civic engagement gap for low-income, minority youth even though they reside in communities grappling with deteriorating social, environmental and economic conditions. Using the annual Environmental Youth Conference (EYC) in Los Angeles as a case study, this article offers best practices for identifying: 1) factors that foster civic engagement among low-income, minority youth ages 13-18, and 2) strategies to mobilize the targeted youth populations on environmental issues. Los Angeles is a useful case study because it is a large and demographically diverse city facing extreme environmental challenges due to its significant agricutlural and industrial sectors.
How Come the Best Job I Ever Had Was When I Worked at a Summer Camp?: Understanding Retention Among Camp Counselors
Authors: Whitacre Jay , Farmer James
Published: November 2016

When attempting to discover a manner in which to maintain employment during the summer, many individuals have realized the job of camp counselor. What begins as a seasonal position may transform into a lifelong commitment to both person and place. For years, individuals have come to appreciate and understand the experiences that occur when approaching particular places. Data, for this study, was collected via in-depth interviews from twenty-four camp counselors from three separate, but similar camps. Phenomenological analysis on the qualitative data was performed to explore the staff retention amongst counselors. This study links sense of place as a salient component of employee retention among camp counselors. By developing a strong sense of community amongst staff, camp administrators may be promoting a deeper, more long-term, commitment among the staff and towards the camp.
Afterschool Sustainability
Authors: Joyce Hilary D. , Wade-Mdivanian Rebecca , Anderson-Butcher Dawn , Gibson Allison
Published: November 2016

Youth participation in quality extended learning opportunities (ELOs) results in positive academic, physical, mental health, and social/emotional outcomes. Funding is essential to implementing and sustaining quality ELOs; however multiple funding barriers and challenges exist. Understanding the types of funds available for ELOs and the factors that influence sustainability is critical. Through surveys and telephone interviews of ELO providers, this descriptive study identified and examined ELO funding streams, the ways ELO providers use these funding streams, and the barriers and challenges to sustainability. ELO programs often relied on one major funding stream coupled with nutrition supports as well as in-kind resources. Barriers to sustainability included year-to-year funding, transportation costs, reducing community partnerships, and difficulty in diversifying funds. Recommendations to enhance ELO sustainability are offered, particularly in relation to overcoming the challenges to diversification of funding resources and establishing mutually supportive partnerships and collaboration.
Horses and At-Risk Youth: An Equine Facilitated Learning Program Focusing on Authentic Leadership Skill Development
Authors: Adams-Pope Brittany L. , Stedman Nicole L.P.
Published: November 2016

Interesting and innovative youth development programs are important to further youth education. Programs focused on developing leadership skills in youth, specifically at-risk youth, are important when thinking of the future of our communities. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the impact of an equine facilitated, authentic leadership program on at-risk youth. Youth participated in a three-day equine facilitated learning program based on authentic leadership with focus groups conducted three days before and three days after the program. In this article, we describe the development and methodology of the program and specific implications for practice.
Resource Review: Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Authors: Dawson Patricia A.
Published: November 2016

“Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics” (Hill, C., Corbett, C., Rose, A., 2010) reports on an extensive study of women’s underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professions. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the project was conducted by American Association of University Women. The resource includes findings from eight research studies which examined social and environmental factors which contribute to women’s underrepresentation in STEM fields as well as helpful tables, charts and bibliography resources. The 110 page resource will be particularly helpful for scholars working in program design to advance STEM opportunities for women.
Interdependence: Ninth and Newest Critical Element for 4-H Positive Youth Development
Authors: Astroth Kirk A.
Published: November 2016

For the past 15 years, a list of eight critical elements has provided a strong foundation for articulating the positive youth development focus of 4-H programs and efforts. Now it is time to revisit this list and update the critical elements for positive youth development. Interdependence is proposed as a 9th critical element that should be included. Research is cited for the importance of this element that was not included in the original list in 1998, and a call is made for a national think tank to update the critical elements.
Addressing the Issue: Bullying and LGBTQ Youth
Authors: Allen Kimberly
Published: November 2016

Each day, thousands of youth experience bullying and as many of 70% of all youth report having experienced bullying, either directly or indirectly (Cantor, 2005). For Gay, Lesbian, Bi-sexual, Transgender and Questioning (LGBTQ) youth, the chances of experiencing bullying are much higher than for youth in the general population (Russell, Horn, Kosciw, & Saewyc, 2010). Although many youth serving organizations have begun to address the issue of bullying with bullying prevention programs, there is a deficit of information and a lack of inclusion of prevention efforts that specifically address LGBTQ youth. This article address the role of youth organizations in creating safe and inclusive environments for all youth, with specific attention paid to resources and strategies for inclusive environments for LGBTQ youth.
Resource Review: The State of Girls: Unfinished Business
Authors: Dawson Patricia A.
Published: November 2016

The State of Girls: Unfinished Business is an extensive report published by the Girl Scout Research Institute. The 156 page publication examines girls’ health and well-being in the United States with a focus on key issues including health, educational achievement, demographic trends and safety. The report includes excellent charts, tables and diagrams and an appendix of state-level sources of data to support research findings. Youth professionals will appreciate this well documented, easy to comprehend resource as they engage in positive youth development programming.
From 4-H International Youth Exchange to Global Citizen: Common Pathways of Ten Past Program Participants
Authors: Arnold Mary E. , Davis Jamie , Corliss Aimee L.
Published: November 2016

This qualitative study examined the life course of ten adults who participated as youth in the 4-H International Exchange program. The purpose of this research was to explore the pathways that led each participant to their exchange experience as a youth and how that experience set the stage for further development into an adulthood marked by cultural interest, awareness, competence and global citizenship. Using a grounded theory approach the data were analyzed through selective, open, and axial codings that elucidated a series of key events, opportunities, and qualities that form a common pathway among all participants. The results of this research contribute to the articulation of a theory of change upon which international youth exchange programs can be effectively developed and enhanced. Specific recommendations for international youth exchange programs are presented.
Examining the Use of Social Media among Four-H Alumni in Louisiana
Authors: Zammit Kali B.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the use and determine the preferred method of social media among 4-H alumni in Louisiana. Based on a review of literature, communicating with youth through social media has become a major trend and necessity, especially among 4-H Youth Development and Cooperative Extension Service professionals. A 24-item instrument was developed and administered online to Louisiana 4-H alumni who received the 2011 Louisiana 4-H Senior Honor Cord and provided usable e-mails. The overall preferred method of social media among Louisiana 4-H alumni was Facebook and text messaging. A majority of 4-H alumni use their smart phones or personal computers to utilize social media. Some of the primary reasons that 4-H alumni use social media are to communicate friends, view photographs, and become updated with current events. Overall, 100% of surveyed 4-H alumni use some form of social media.
Youth Online Media Use: Associations with Youth Demographics, Parental Monitoring, and Parent-Child Relationships
Authors: Rudi Jessie , Dworkin Jodi
Published: November 2016

As online media has become an increasingly important part of youths’ daily lives, it is critical for the field to explore questions related to youth online media use in order to support youth workers, youth development practice and programming. Using a national sample of youth age 13-22 (N = 585), the current study explored demographic differences in youth online media use, and examined associations between youth demographics, parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, and likelihood of being a frequent user of online activities. Although youth reported being frequent users of online media, Internet use was not the same for all youth. Online media use differed significantly by youth age, gender, race, and family relationship quality. The findings remind the field to consider the young people we are working with and how they use online media in their daily lives.
“Be Careful Who You Friend:” Early Adolescents’ Reports of Safety, Privacy, and Family Monitoring of Facebook Use
Authors: Charmaraman Linda , Grossman Jennifer M.
Published: November 2016

With the growing popularity of social networking sites (SNS), parents, educators, youth development workers, researchers, and policymakers are increasingly concerned with Internet safety issues. In this paper we highlight a study designed to understand how young people describe how much (or how little) social network monitoring is happening in their home life, including who is doing the monitoring, when, why, and how. Participants included 33 middle school youth (aged 11-14) who were participating in a 9-week sexual health curriculum. Teens reported that their parents were most concerned about “friending” the wrong people and swearing on Facebook postings. In contrast, teens talked more about using Facebook to keep in touch with their known social circle and were not as preoccupied with adding people they didn’t know or wanting to meet strangers online. Teens also reported that female family and community members were the most frequent monitors of their Facebook pages. Implications for youth development programs and future research directions are discussed.
The Changing Landscape of Peer Aggression: A Literature Review on Cyberbullying and Interventions
Authors: Davis Katie , Reich Justin , James Carrie
Published: November 2016

While traditional forms of bullying have been steadily decreasing over the course of the last two decades, cyberbullying has emerged as a major concern among parents, teachers, and other professionals working with young people. Because cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon, its research base is not as well developed as research on traditional bullying. In this literature review, the authors synthesize current knowledge on cyberbullying’s prevalence among youth; its relationship to offline bullying; which youth are most likely to be perpetrators and victims; the negative effects of cyberbullying on victims; and the landscape of intervention efforts currently employed in the United States. In the process, they highlight areas in need of future research.
At-Risk Youth in After-School Programs: How Does Their Use of Media for Learning About Community Issues Relate to Their Perceptions of Community Connectedness, Community Involvement, and Community Support?
Authors: Barnett Rosemary V. , Neely Jeffrey C. , Payne-Purvis Caroline , Culen Gerald R.
Published: November 2016

This paper highlights a study examining the impact of various media formats on at-risk youth to identify forms of media technology that might impact their community connectedness, community involvement, and community support. Over a three-year period, a sample of 133 youth enrolled in after-school programs in two communities completed a questionnaire annually consisting of the following areas: community support, community involvement, community connectedness, and media use for learning. Linear regression analysis indicated media use for learning about community issues was a predictor of student’s perceptions of community support, community connectedness, and community involvement. The media format most identified for gaining knowledge about community issues by the youth was the Internet, while the use of print media increased over the course of the study. The most significant relationships were found between media use and perceptions of community overall with the most significant gains in media use during Y2, where youth knowledge of community issues increased.
Where PYD Meets CBPR: A Photovoice Program for Latino Immigrant Youth
Authors: Andrade Elizabeth , Cubilla I. C. , Sojo-Lara G. , Cleary S. D. , Edberg M. C. , Simmons L. K.
Published: November 2016

Community engagement in identifying issues of collective concern to address health disparities is an approach that is central to conducting community-based participatory research. It is particularly important for youth to be engaged in dialogue around issues that affect their lives. Participation of this nature is understood, within a Positive Youth Development (PYD) approach, to be an element of primary prevention vis a vis health risks. Photovoice has been an increasingly used methodology to enable youth to identify and address issues relevant to their daily experiences. We implemented a six-week Photovoice project guided by a PYD approach with Latino immigrant youth (n=12) from Langley Park, MD. This article describes the experiences of facilitators in implementing the program, testing a new curriculum, and also presents results related to changes in PYD assets among participants. We also offer recommendations for future Photovoice programs with similar populations and aims.
Measurable Changes in Pre-Post Test Scores in Iraqi 4-H Leader’s Knowledge of Animal Science Production Principles
Authors: Smith Justen O. , Kock Tim , Garcia Zurishaddai A. , Suyundikov Anvar
Published: November 2016

The 4-H volunteer program is a new concept to the people of Iraq, for decades the country has been closed to western ideas. Iraqi culture and the Arabic customs have not embraced the volunteer concept and even more the concept of scientific animal production technologies designed to increase profitability for producers. In 2011 the USAID-Inma Agribusiness program teamed with the Iraq 4-H program to create youth and community entrepreneurship opportunities for widowed families. Iraq 4-H provided the youth members and adult volunteers and Inma provided the financial capital (livestock) and the animal science training program for the volunteers. The purpose of this study was to measure the knowledge level gained through intensive animal science training for Iraqi 4-H volunteers. Researchers designed and implemented a pre and post test to measure the knowledge of fifteen volunteers who participated in the three day course. The pretest exposed a general lack of animal science knowledge of all volunteers; over 80% of the participants incorrectly answered the questions. However, the post-test indicated positive change in the participants understanding of animal science production principles.
Breaking it Down: Defining the Framework & Evaluating the Impact of a Peer Education Program
Authors: Blackburn Kathleen Burke , Greene Imaani , Malloy Shintele , Himelstein Rima , Hanlon Alexandra , Ibrahim Jennifer K.
Published: November 2016

Evaluation in the field of youth development continues to evolve.  Youth development programs vary significantly in their focus, setting and outcomes.  Community-based programs seeking to create or strengthen their evaluation methods and tools may have difficulty identifying what to measure and how to capture anticipated outcomes.  This article focuses on a youth development program combining service learning and peer education, serving urban adolescents ages 14 to 19.  The purposes of this study are: 1) to illustrate a strategy used to clarify and align core activities, anticipated outcomes and evaluation tools, and 2) to provide an overview of the updated data collection instruments created by the program.
Promoting Character and Resiliency among Elementary School Students: An Assessment of the CARE Now Program
Authors: Hill Eddie , Milliken Tammi , Goff Jennifer , Clark Debbie
Published: November 2016

Youth, especially in inner-city areas of the country, are in need of effective, outcome-based camp programs when school is not in session. Character and Resiliency Education (CARE) Now (CN) is a comprehensive in- and afterschool program designed to promote academic enrichment through positive youth development with a focus on enhancing character and resiliency. In the summer of 2013, CN was adapted to create a three-week long day camp at a high-needs elementary school in eastern Virginia. Using theoretically-based and outcome focused programming, CN was widely praised for its effectiveness among youth in this summer camp. To assess its impact, a mix-method approach was used, producing desirable results. Consequently, the supporting organization moved forward to fund CARE Now for a year-long program at the same school.
BALANCING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND SOCIETAL DEMANDS IN A HIGHLY MANAGED WATERSHED: SETUP AND PROGRESS OF A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH PROJECT
Authors: Siegmund-Schultze Marianna , Köppel Johann , Sobral Maria do Carmo
Published: November 2016

The INNOVATE project, a comprehensive Brazilian-German researchcollaboration, addresses sustainable land management in the São Franciscowatershed and its Itaparica reservoir. The project studies managementoptions, which promote sustainable ecosystem services and economicviability in climate change conditions. At basin scale, questions of waterquantity and quality prevail, including resource allocation and governance.Local and regional studies investigate natural land processes and waterresources in addition to their management post dam construction.Consortium researchers are confronted with a multitude of expectations,ranging from knowledge production to interacting with stakeholders andscientists of different disciplines and cultures. As an overview, we predictedpotential changes of studied ecosystem services under different conditionswithin possible scenarios. Further integration of results is ongoing, as is theconversion of scientific results into guidance for stakeholders.
CURVAS DE DEMANDA PELOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DOS PRINCIPAIS USOS CONSUNTIVOS NO SUBMÉDIO DA BACIA DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO
Authors: Silva Gerald Souza da , Figueiredo Luiz Eduardo Nascimento , Moraes Márcia Maria Guedes Alcoforado de
Published: November 2016

A região do submédio da bacia do Rio São Francisco tem uma variedade deusos, com alguns conflitos já estabelecidos. Curvas de demanda da água sãoimportantes para identificar o valor econômico dado ao recurso hídrico pelousuário diante de diferentes quantidades disponibilizadas. O conhecimento detais curvas deve auxiliar no estabelecimento de políticas que criem incentivosadequados ao uso eficiente do recurso e evitem sua sobre‑exploração.Este trabalho apresenta curvas de demanda pelos recursos hídricos estimadaspara os usuários da agricultura irrigada e para o abastecimento humanousando o método de programação matemática positiva e expansão de ponto.Os resultados para a agricultura irrigada nos dois métodos mostraram que omix de culturas é o fator mais relevante na disposição a pagar dos usuários pelorecurso hídrico e que, para o abastecimento humano, os valores econômicosem relação ao mesmo grau de disponibilidade hídrica foram mais elevadosem comparação com a irrigação.
SCENARIOS OF CLIMATE AND LAND-USE CHANGE,WATER DEMAND AND WATER AVAILABILITY FOR THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER BASIN
Authors: Koch Hagen , Biewald Anne , Liersch Stefan , Azevedo José Roberto Gonçalves de , Silva Gerald Souza da , Kölling Karolin , Fischer Peter , Koch Robert , Hattermann Fred Fokko
Published: November 2016

In this study, scenarios of changes in land-use patterns, agriculturalproduction and climate, and their effects on water demand and availabilityin the São Francisco river basin (Brazil) are analysed. The global driverpopulation growth, economic development, and trade liberalization areincluded. Using the regionalized version of a global agro-economic land- andwater use model, impacts are analysed for two scenarios: a regionalizedworld with slow economic development, high population growth, and littleawareness of environmental problems (A2), and a globalized world withlow population growth, high gross domestic product (GDP) growth, andenvironmental sustainability (B1). A regional ecohydrological model is usedto analyse the effect of these scenarios on water demand and availability.The climate scenarios in general show a wetter future (years 2021 – 2050),with wetter rainy seasons and drier dry seasons. The water availability forirrigated agriculture is high, while hydropower generation is declining by3.2% (A2) and 1.7% (B1) compared to the reference.
CARRYING CAPACITY LIMITS OF NET CAGE AQUACULTURE IN BRAZILIAN RESERVOIRS
Authors: Gunkel Günter , Matta Elena , Selge Florian , Silva Gérsica Morais Nogueira da , Sobral Maria do Carmo
Published: November 2016

Finfish aquaculture in net cages is widely used in Brazilian reservoirs, mainlyfor tilapia production. There is a large and increasing potential for productionin the São Francisco river basin, and particularly the Itaparica reservoir. Tilapiaproduction amounts to 24,000 t y-1, with a licensed amount of 43,267 t y-1.This intensive fish production in net cages is responsible for a significantbiological oxygen demand, and phosphorus and nitrogen load on the reservoir,which promotes eutrophication. Particulate organic matter released from thenet cages accumulates beneath the net cages, and a minimum water depthbeneath the net cages of 10 m is required to limit the sediment increase toa few millimetres per year. Modeling of Icó-Mandantes bay has identified areduced water exchange within the bay. Modeling of the effect of net cageaquaculture within the Icó-Mandantes bay points out clearly the significantincrease in dissolved phosphorus and the accumulation inside the bay area.The carrying capacity of the reservoir was determined using the P loadmodel, with a critical P concentration based on the phosphorus use efficiency.The critical P concentration amounts 25 μg L-1, and the critical P load of thereservoir amounts 2.84 g m-2 y-1; the actual load is already 3.30 g m-2 y-1,such the reservoir is already overcharged by nutrients. A sustainable “blue”aquaculture must be implemented based on use of advanced systems, speciesselection, fish feed, and linked production systems.
ANÁLISE DOS PROCEDIMENTOS DE REGULARIZAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA ATIVIDADE AQUÍCOLA EM PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Marques Érika Alves Tavares , Sobral Maria do Carmo Martins , Cunha Maristela Casé Costa , Melo Maiara Gabriele Souza de
Published: November 2016

O Brasil apresenta potencial para expansão da aquicultura por conta das
características hidroclimáticas, da matriz energética e da oferta de mão
de obra. Apesar disso, o estado de Pernambuco possui produção aquícola
aquém de suas potencialidades. Os produtores afirmam que isso se deve
em parte às dificuldades para obtenção do licenciamento ambiental. Nessa
perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o processo de regularização
ambiental da aquicultura em Pernambuco, a fim de identificar os principais
entraves para obtenção do licenciamento ambiental. Foram levantadas
74 licenças ambientais emitidas no período compreendido entre 2009 e
2014 para empreendimentos aquícolas no estado de Pernambuco, dos quais
12 estão relacionados com licenciamento de instalação, 13 com licença de
operação, 23 com licença prévia, seis com renovação de licença de instalação
e 20 com renovação da licença de operação. Em Pernambuco foram
identificadas quatro outorgas e emitidos 25 registros gerais da atividade
pesqueira de 2008 a 2015.
CONHECIMENTO ECOLÓGICO LOCAL SOBRE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS POR AGRICULTORES EM SISTEMAS AGRÍCOLAS DE REGIÃO SEMIÁRIDA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Oliveira Iaponira Sales de , Freire Eliza Maria Xavier
Published: November 2016

Os anfíbios anuros são considerados bioindicadores de qualidade ambientale biocontroladores de populações de insetos, inclusive de pragas agrícolas.Daí a relevância de avaliar o conhecimento de comunidades de áreasagrícolas acerca desses animais e a importância deles para o ambiente emque vivem, já que tais animais são, culturalmente, vistos como repugnantes— essa abordagem é uma das vertentes da etnociência. Nessa perspectiva,o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento local de comunidadesagrícolas do semiárido ao longo do médio Rio São Francisco, estadode Pernambuco, sobre as espécies de anfíbios anuros e a importância destascomo controladoras de insetos pragas. Foram realizadas quatro excursõesde 15 dias cada, duas por comunidade, entre novembro de 2012 e abril de2013, quando se efetuaram observações diretas sobre as áreas, entrevistassemiestruturadas e identificação dos sítios de reprodução dos anfíbios aolongo dos sistemas agrícolas. A amostragem foi não aleatória intencional,resultando em 347 participantes. Foram citadas pelos agricultores oito etnoespécies,correspondentes a 13 de anfíbios anuros, além de identificadoslocais de reprodução e desenvolvimento dessas espécies. Foi constatada importânciabiológica dos anuros para práticas agrícolas sustentáveis.
CHANGES IN SOIL PROPERTIES IN FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT SOIL USES IN THE IRRIGATED PERIMETER OF ICO-MANDANTES IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL
Authors: Corrêa Rossini Mattos , Silva José Antônio Aleixo da , Freire Maria Bethânia Galvão dos Santos , Gunkel Gunter , Castro Marilia Regina Costa
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate land uses, using physical and chemicalattributes in the irrigated perimeter Ico-Mandantes, between Petrolândiaand Floresta, in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The identifieduses of the land are as follows: short cycle crops (C), fruit (F), pasture (P),abandoned areas (D), and native vegetation (V). This study evaluated theuses C, F, D, P and V. In both places, samples were collected from deformedsoil at 0–10, 10–30, and 30–60 cm, as well as non-deformed soil from thefirst two layers to the physical determinations and chemical properties. Thedata of physical and chemical analyses were subjected to descriptive linearanalysis and multivariate analysis, the technique of principal componentanalysis, and clustering by the Tocher method. The use of the nativevegetation differed from all other uses among the analyzed layers, therebyindicating that the productive uses which were evaluated, promote in factchanges in the physical and chemical layers studied. The analysis of thephysical and chemical attributes do not differentiate any of the productiveuses systematically analyzed in all layers.
Homicídio Juvenil: Papel da Polícia/Justiça Criminal Brasileira na Visão de Famílias Enlutadas
Authors: Domingues Daniela Fontoura , Dessen Maria Auxiliadora
Published: November 2016

Diferentemente das perdas naturais, os óbitos decorrentes de homicídios envolvem instânciasjurídicas, cuja função é elucidar os episódios e punir o(s) culpado(s). Este estudo apresenta apercepção sobre o papel da polícia/justiça de mães e irmãos de jovens vítimas de homicídio por armade fogo. Participaram da pesquisa oito famílias que responderam a um questionário de caracterizaçãodo sistema familiar e a um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Os relatos foram submetidos à análisequalitativa. Os dados enfatizam a frustração dos participantes quanto ao desempenho do Estado naapuração dos delitos e na prisão dos perpetradores, com a falta de punição gerando uma profundainsatisfação nos familiares. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de mudanças no sistema judiciáriobrasileiro.
Relação entre Práticas Parentais e Problemas de Externalização e Internalização: Papel Mediador do Vínculo do Apego
Authors: Nunes Sandra Adriana Neves , Faraco Ana Maria Xavier , Vieira Mauro Luis , Lisboa Carolina Saraiva de Macedo , Rubin Kenneth H.
Published: November 2016

Os problemas emocionais e comportamentais infantis têm sido alvo de crescente investigação devido a sua alta estabilidade e por precederem os transtornos psicopatológicos na vida adulta. Esse estudo objetivou investigar o papel mediador do vínculo de apego na relação entre práticas parentais e problemas externalizantes (agressividade/delinquência) e internalizantes (retraimento social/ansiedade/depres-são). Um total de 289 crianças (M = 10,5 anos, DP = 0,77) responderam à Security Scale e 181 mães responderam ao Child Rearing Practices Report–Q e, também, ao ChildBehavior Checklist. Os resultados revelaram o papel mediador do vínculo de apego materno nosproblemas externalizantes, mas não nos internalizantes, e salientam a importância de se considerar aqualidade do apego nas relações entre práticas parentais e problemas emocionais e comportamentaisna infância.
Hetero sexual precocious puberty: Case report and literature review
Authors: Haroon Zujaja Hina , Ijaz Aamir , Haroon Muhammad Asad , Ahmed Shahid , Pervez Muhammad Amjad , Asif Naveed
Published: November 2016

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most frequent disorder of sex development (DSD). It follows variable clinical course.We present a rare case of CAH that remained clinical enigma. A 6-year-old boy presented with increased pigmentation, deepeningof voice and appearance of male secondary sexual characteristics. There was history of frequent episodes of ill health withcough, fever, diarrhea and off and on vomiting. Laboratory workup revealed Serum Sodium 138 mmol/L (Ref Values: 135-145), Serum Potassium 4.1 mmol/L (Ref Values: 3.5-5.0), Serum Chloride 101 mmol/L (Ref Values: 97-106). Hormonal profilerevealed serum 17-OH Progesterone 85.9 nmol/L (Ref Values: 8.0), DHEA-S 861.9 μg/dl (Ref Values: 125-619), Testosterone 23.2 nmol/L (Ref Values: 0.1-2.4), Cortisol 563 nmol/L (Ref Values: 138-690), ACTH 1,152 pg/ml (Ref Values: 10-85), PlasmaActive Renin Mass Conc 45 μIU/ (Ref Values: 8-35 μIU/L), Plasma Aldosterone 115 pmol/L (Ref Values: 140-2,240). X-raybone age = 12 Y ± 6 m depicting precocious puberty. But USG abdomen and pelvis showed small uterus (28 mm × 13 mm× 22 mm) and karyotype revealed 46 XX genotype. Based on typical findings, a diagnosis of CAH with heterosexual precociouspuberty was established. Patient responded well to tablet Hydrocortisone 20 mg 1/2 BD and Mineralocorticoid (Florinef) Tablets 0.1 mg OD. The aim of current report is to revisit clinical approach to DSD with special emphasis to rare presentation of CAHwith heterosexual precocious puberty.
Creating Enabling Environment for Student Engagement: Faculty Practices of Critical Thinking
Authors: Cassum Shanaz Hussein , Gul Raisa Begum
Published: November 2016

Critical thinking (CT) is considered an important attribute in practice disciplines and faculty members in nursing, medicine, and education are expected to facilitate the development of CT in their graduates so that these individuals can be critical, reflective, competent, and caring professionals and service providers (Distler, 2007; Shiau & Chen, 2008; Worell & Profetto-McGrath, 2007). When students are actively engaged in their learning, and classrooms have an enabling environment, critical thinking is promoted. Teachers must reflect upon their teaching pedagogy when students do not participate in stimulating discussions, or asks questions in class. Research suggests that lack of understanding of CT affects teachers’ CT practices in the classroom. Literature supports that teaching learning activities and opportunities that emphasize encouragement of students’ participation in classroom fosters communication, student engagement, creativity, self – directedness and critical thinking (Choy & Cheah, 2009). Thus it is vital to explore what CT practices can be performed by educators to influence students’ CT. The present study aimed to identify perceptions and practices of CT among educators from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, and education in higher education in Karachi, Pakistan. A descriptive exploratory design was used where 12 multidisciplinary educators participated in semi structured interviews and allowed classroom observations. Four major themes were identified, but this paper will explore multidisciplinary educators’ practices of CT in a classroom setting. The faculty needs to be aware of how their practices of critical thinking can create an enabling learning environment, and what factors in its physical, psychological and intellectual environment can affect critical thinking in students. Keywords: Enabling environment, Student engagement, Faculty practices, & Critical thinking
Improving the Dynamic Behavior of Adjacent Buildings with Fluid Viscous Dampers
Authors: Yaghobzadeh Solmaz
Published: November 2016

Explained ways to strengthen structures against lateral dynamic loads can be divided into two broad categories. The first part is the structural systems for controlling seismic displacement and second part is the use of applying systems of control forces. Response mechanism of structures using control systems are improved and greatly reduce the risks of damage caused by earthquakes.Today the use of these control systems in buildings have been increased and it’s important to reduce vibration of structures is felt more than ever. As well as to improve the dynamic behavior of nearby buildings, control systems can be installed between adjacent buildings as activated, semi-active and inactivated systems. The main purpose of this study is the use of control systems in two similar adjacent buildings to reduce the entire system response which will be the analytical study of the impact of viscous dampers to control system performance.In order to analysis of modeling to improve the dynamic behavior of different adjacent buildings connected with dampers, two models of the original sample will be examined in this article. All examples are different from each other and to elicit response analysis and time history software SAP 2000was used. According to the results the effect of fluid viscous dampers for tall buildings compared shorter building, is less. Also, these dampers for adjacent buildings with different heights than buildings with same height are more effective.
Promoting children’s wellbeing in an educational context
Authors: Grīga Linda
Published: November 2016

The topicality and the context of this research are related to the phenomenon of wellbeing and factors influencing it, regarding early childhood and primary school. The aim is to study, analyse, and identify the key factors of promoting the wellbeing and healthy lifestyle of a child. Children’s wellbeing, therefore, and health and safety are more than just physical wellbeing; it should be seen holistically, as a whole welfare, and it depends not only on the environment where the child is raised, but also involves emotional support from all the people who are connected with this little human being. Thus, the first years for children at school and also for teachers (especially young teachers who have just begun their career) are a special time in their life because during this period the experience of what the child and the teacher is, and how strong and essential their connection will be, is formed. It is very important already at the early stage to understand that each child is different; they have different physical and emotional development, individual characteristics, as well as a different approach to understanding and learning things. Therefore, in the primary school it is important for the teachers to create a positive, highly social, interactive and creative environment so that the children can develop and learn more successfully. Wellbeing has a great importance in the school environment in order to create teachers’ and children’s satisfaction with life, positive relationships with others, as well as a positive and successful learning environment. The family, as well as the teachers who are involved in the development of the children’s lives, especially in the first grades at school, are one of the most essential factors that define the personal growth of the young children.
Levantamento de Bromeliaceae na região do curso médio do rio Toropi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Büneker Henrique Mallmann , Witeck-Neto Leopoldo
Published: November 2016

Apresenta-se neste trabalho uma sinopse das espécies de Bromeliaceae da região do curso médio do rio Toropi (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), sendo também fornecida uma chave para identificação das espécies da região, fotografias e dados ecológicos das espécies e seus respectivos status de conservação quando existentes. Na área de estudo, Bromeliaceae encontra-se representada por 18 espécies e seis gêneros. Tillandsia e Dyckia foram os mais representativos.
Improving Feedback through Online Professional Development
Authors: Klein Valerie , Fukawa-Connelly Timothy , Silverman Jason
Published: November 2016

“Noticing” and “wondering” can help teachers slow down to respond more thoughtfully to student work.
Create Smart Documents with Hidden Text
Authors: Fay Michael
Published: November 2016

Teachers who have created classroom documents such as worksheets or assessments are familiar with the process of making an answer key. Typically, teachers fill in answers or solutions on one paper copy of the document, and keep that answer key in a safe place.
December 2016 January 2017 Problems
Authors: Pelikan Stephan , DeJarnete Anna F. , Phelps Stephen
Published: November 2016

A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels.
Biological Monitoring Improves Membrane Performance
Authors: Travis Bill , Tracey Dave
Published: November 2016

A southern US water treatment facility used advanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing for biological monitoring to improve membrane filtration operations and product water quality.
Aorto-duodenal fistula: a rare but serious complication of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A case report
Authors: Šumskienė Jolanta , Šveikauskaitė Edita , Kondrackienė Jūratė , Kupčinskas Limas
Published: November 2016

A primary aortoduodenal fistula (PADF) is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding that is difficult to diagnose (and sometimes not diagnosed until a  laparotomy.) A  PADF is associated with high mortality if undiagnosed and untreated (the mortality rate of nearly 100% in the absence of a  surgical intervention). While this condition is extremely rare with an incidence rate at autopsy of 0.04% to 0.07%, a secondary ADF occurs much more commonly (the post-operative incidence of 0.5% to 2.3%) and is due to prior aortic surgery and/or the  placement of a  synthetic aortic graft. It should be considered in any elderly patient who presents with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of a known abdominal aortic aneurysm or without it when no identifiable source of bleeding is found. We present an autopsy case of a 59-year-old man with no history of an abdominal aortic aneurysm who presented with intermittent massive gastrointestinal bleeding. The autopsy revealed a pinhole fistula. It was identified between an atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm and the lower horizontal part of the duodenum. Our case indicates that the aortoenteric fistula can result in fatal gastrointestinal bleeding. This case is unique in that the fistula formed as a result of a complex atherosclerotic abdominal aorta and a localized necrotizing granulomatous aortitis the etiology of which was not clear.
Mental hygiene movement as a (r)evolutionary trend in public health in interwar Kaunas and Vilnius from 1918 to 1939
Authors: Žalnora Aistis , Miežutavičiūtė Vitalija
Published: November 2016

Objective. The  health care system of the  interwar period is distinguished by its revolutionary attempts to overcome social diseases and social hardships in general. In the researches published after the Second World War, different and in some cases even contradicting ideas on mental hygiene and eugenics were mixed together and were associated – almost exclusively – with the Nazi’s racist ideology, totalitarian, or authoritarian regimes. The assessments of social-medical policy of the interwar period in the Baltic region also became rather one-sided. Felder’s recent study (1) gives the impression that changes in psychiatry in Lithuania were caused by the Nazi’s eugenics as a single agent. However, there were other factors. One of the most significant ones was the mental hygiene movement that will be discussed in this paper.
Methods. In this research we used descriptive and comparative methods.
Results. After the First World War, the problem of treatment of the mentally ill was a medical and a social issue that required a completely new approach both in Lithuania and in Vilnius. The most notable manifestation of such a new attitude in psychiatry was a mental hygiene movement. University scientists in Vilnius and Kaunas were discussing issues of mental hygiene.
Conclusions. The  mental hygiene movement of the  early 20th century played an important role in the later development in psychiatry and medical sciences. The ideas published by the medical doctors in Kaunas and Vilnius were partly characteristic of the interwar period, although some of them went far ahead of their times.
Increasing attendance in a cervical cancer screening programme by personal invitation: experience of a Lithuanian primary health care centre
Authors: Kurtinaitienė Rūta , Rimienė Jolita , Labanauskaitė Ingrida , Lipunova Nadežda , Smailytė Giedrė
Published: November 2016

Background. High participation rates are an essential component of an effective screening programme and many approaches were introduced as being successful for enhancing compliance to screening guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate to which extent a personal invitation by mail increases the rate of attendance in a cervical cancer screening programme in a primary health care centre.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out as a pilot project to gain insight into feasibility of applying a well-known compliance increasing measure in Lithuanian population. The  study included a  sample of women registered at the  primary health care centre in Panevėžys who had not participated in the cervical cancer screening programme for six and more years. Personal registered invitation letters to attend the primary health care centre for a  Pap smear were sent out to 1789 women by mail.
Results. In total, 2195 women were tested during 2011 at the primary health care centre. 487 (22.2%) of them attended the screening programme after receiving a personal invitation letter. Response rate for attending screening after receiving a personal invitation letter was 27.3%.
Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that personal invitation letters addressed to long-term non-attendees could markedly increase participation in cervical cancer screening in Lithuania.