bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular study of the status of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats in Haiti
Authors: Fedna Jimmy , Borne Romain , Rieffel Dominique , Bornette Gudrun , Henrys Jean-Hugues , Grenouillet Frédéric , Raoul Francis
Published: October 2024

Angiostrongylus cantonensis, commonly known as the rat lungworm, causes Eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of this parasite in rats in Haiti. Rats were trapped at 8 sites, 7 in Artibonite (rural region) and one in an urban area of Port-au-Prince. After euthanasia, hearts and lungs were sampled and preserved in 70% ethanol. Subsequently, the organs were dissected to detect adult worms. Parasite DNA was amplified using PCR targeting either the nematode ITS2 gene for rodent lung tissue or cox1 for isolated worms. Subsequent sequencing allowed parasite identification. A total of 70 rats were captured, i.e. 23 Rattus norvegicus and 47 Rattus rattus. Adult nematodes morphologically compatible with A. cantonensis were isolated from 5/70 rats (7%) and identification was confirmed by sequencing. Molecular analysis of lung tissue revealed a parasite prevalence of 31.4% (22/70), and its presence at 4 of the 8 sites investigated, including Port-au-Prince. The molecular approach on lung tissue targeting the ITS2 gene enabled us to detect a prevalence 4 times higher than the visual search for adult worms alone. Only one COX1 haplotype was identified, belonging to genotype II-G, widely distributed in Brazil, the French Antilles (Guadeloupe), French Polynesia, Hawaii, and Japan. These results confirm that A. cantonensis is an endemic parasite in Haiti not only in the capital Port-au-Prince, but also in several rural areas. Direct molecular screening for Angiostrongylus DNA in rat lung tissue showed higher sensitivity than visual detection of worms during dissection and could be useful for further prevalence studies.
Wie wirkt Psychotherapie? Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung
Authors: Hanke Theresa , Sanwald Simon , Bosch Julia
Published: October 2024

Gegenstand und Ziel Die therapeutische Beziehung stellt einen zentralen Wirkfaktor in der Psychotherapie dar. Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung sowie zugrunde liegende neurobiologische Marker sind wenig untersucht.

Material und Methoden Die Übersicht basiert auf einer Recherche in den zentralen Datenbanken (Pubmed und Psycinfo) zu den verschiedenen patienten-, therapeuten- und settingbezogenen Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung und den Therapieerfolg sowie deren biologische Marker.

Ergebnisse Studienergebnisse zu den Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung sind heterogen. Die Erfahrung von Kindesmisshandlung sowie die Diagnose einer Persönlichkeitsstörung stellen einen patientenbezogenen Einflussfaktor auf die therapeutische Beziehung dar, wobei beide Faktoren mit einer schlechteren therapeutischen Beziehung assoziiert sind. Die Passung zwischen den Persönlichkeiten von Patienten und Therapeuten scheint für den Therapieerfolg relevant zu sein. Erste Hyperscanning-Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen einer besseren therapeutischen Beziehung und der neuronalen Synchronisierung zwischen dem Therapeuten und dem Patienten.

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Physiologische und neurobiologische Daten sowie detaillierte Videoanalysen können künftig die Auswahl von psychotherapeutischen Behandlungsmethoden, die Fallkonzeption und die Anpassung des therapeutischen Vorgehens verbessern.
Epidemiologie der Myopie: Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren und Auswirkungen der Myopie
Authors: Hopf Susanne , Schuster Alexander
Published: October 2024

Myopie ist die häufigste Ursache für eine Sehbeeinträchtigung bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen. Um die Folgen für die Gesellschaft abzuschätzen, ist es notwendig, zeitliche Veränderungen der Prävalenz, Inzidenz und assoziierte Faktoren im Kindes- und jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie die Geschwindigkeit der Myopieprogression anhand epidemiologischer Forschungsarbeiten zu kennen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Literaturübersicht über Publikationen der Jahre 2020 bis einschließlich März 2024 präsentiert sowie um weitere relevante Publikationen ergänzt. Die Myopieprävalenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland ist annähernd stabil und liegt deutlich unter der in Asien. Die Entstehung von Myopie wird durch Tageslichtexposition im Freien, elterliche Myopie, Genetik und Naharbeit beeinflusst, wobei zu wenig Zeit im Freien in der Kindheit ein wesentlicher und beeinflussbarer Risikofaktor ist, um späteren myopiebedingten Komplikationen, wie myoper Makulopathie, Glaukom und
Netzhautablösung, vorzubeugen.
Alzheimer-Demenz und Antidementiva-Verordnungen 2010–2021 in 357
Hausarzt- und 71 Facharztpraxen
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Kostev Karel , Michalowsky Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund Die prognostizierte Anzahl der Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) ist
in Deutschland auf 1,8 Mio. MmD angestiegen. In naher Zukunft wird die Zulassung
einer Antikörper-Therapie erwartet. Ziel der Studie ist es, die bisherige
Antidementiva-Versorgung im Verhältnis zur Diagnoseprävalenz darzustellen.

Methode Auf Basis von Abrechnungsdaten von 357 Haus- und 71 Facharztpraxen
(1,1 Mio. Versicherte) wurde die dokumentierte Demenzdiagnose- und die
Antidementiva Verordnungsprävalenz von 2010 bis 2021 analysiert.

Ergebnisse In Hausarztpraxen blieb die Diagnoseprävalenz der MmD
(Alzheimer-Demenz) mit 1,0–1,3% (0,19–0,21%) relativ konstant. Bei Fachärzten
zeigte sich ein Prävalenzanstieg von 4,9% (2,8%) auf 5,9% (3,6%). Die
Antidementiva-Verordnungsrate nahm in Hausarztpraxen ab (von 0,14% auf 0,10%)
und in Facharztpraxen zu (von 2,1% auf 2,4%).

Diskussion Das Diagnose- und Verordnungsgeschehen blieb, vor allem in
Hausarztpraxen, hinter den Prognosen und Erwartungen zurück.
Die Entdeckung der Bedeutung von Bedeutung
Authors: Kätzel Dennis
Published: October 2024

Das Konzept der „aberranten Salienzattribution“ erklärt die Entstehung von psychotischen Symptomen der Schizophrenie damit, dass die Zuordnung von Bedeutsamkeit („Salienz“) zu Gedanken und Sinnesreizen keinen sinnvollen Regeln mehr folgt, sondern quasi chaotisch („aberrant“) ist. Unwichtige Dinge können plötzlich bedeutsam erscheinen. Wahnvorstellungen sind demnach der Versuch des Verstandes, ein kohärentes Weltbild aus Eindrücken und Gedanken zu erzeugen, deren Bedeutung stark verzerrt ist. Ein wichtiger Mechanismus dieser aberranten Salienzattribution ist eine verstärkte Signalwirkung des Botenstoffs Dopamin. In der Entwicklung der Erkrankung erzeugt eine dysregulierte Dopamin-Ausschüttung wiederholt falsche Lernsignale und somit eine „deformierte Struktur“ der Salienzattibution, die zu chronischen Wahnvorstellungen führt. Diese Theorie wurde ursprünglich von Manfred Spitzer in seiner Publikation „A computational approach to delusions“ 2 entwickelt. Sie hat weitreichende Beziehung zu Modellen von implizitem Lernen (v. a. Kurzzeithabituation, Konditionierung und Verstärkungslernen) und hat neue Perspektiven für die Therapie und die systematische Untersuchung der mechanistischen Grundlagen der Symptome der Schizophrenie eröffnet. Solche Studien haben die aberrante Salienzattribution bei Patienten – auch bereits vor Erstdiagnose der Krankheit – auf psychologischer und physiologischer Ebene nachgewiesen.
Insights Into Modern Undergraduate Ultrasound Education: Prospective Comparison of Digital and Analog Teaching Resources in a Flipped Classroom Concept – The DIvAN Study
Authors: Weimer Johannes M. , Recker Florian , Horn Leonie , Kuenzel Julian , Dirks Klaus , Ille Carlotta , Buggenhagen Holger , Börner Norbert , Weimer Andreas Michael , Vieth Thomas , Lorenz Liv , Rink Maximilian , Merkel Daniel , Dionysopoulou Anna , Ludwig Michael , Kloeckner Roman , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Müller Lukas
Published: October 2024

Purpose  Sonography training has become an important part of university medicine courses. This study explores the impact of digital and analog teaching resources on learning outcomes, knowledge retention, and student preferences and motivation in a flipped classroom setting.

Materials and Methods  This prospective controlled study involving two groups of third-year medical students included a voluntary three-day compact ultrasound course given in a flipped classroom, comprising 26 teaching units of 45 minutes each. Hardcopy lecture notes (control group) and E-learning (study group) were used as teaching resources. Evaluations were conducted before (pre) and during the preparation phase (intermediate), and after (post) the face-to-face course. Likert scale responses, written theory tests with very short answer questions (Theorypre, Theoryinter, Theorypost), and practical examinations (Practiceinter, Practicepost) were used for student self-assessment and to measure attitude, motivation, as well as theoretical and practical skills.

Results  A total of N=236 complete data sets (study group n=136; control group n=100) were analyzed. Both groups showed an equivalent initial level of, and a continuous and significant (p<0.01) increase in, subjective and objective skills over the evaluated time frame. The study group achieved significantly (p<0.05) better results in Theoryinter, Theorypost, Practiceinter, and Practicepost. The study group evaluated their teaching resource and the training concept significantly (p<0.05) better.

Conclusion  The integration of digital resources into sonography education provides comparable learning outcomes to traditional analog materials, enhancing the preparatory phase. In the future, digitally supported training should be used more.
Ist die Biotypisierung der Depression der Beginn einer neuen Ära in der Psychiatrie?
Authors: Kammer Thomas , Grön Georg
Published: October 2024

Die herkömmlichen Diagnosesysteme wie ICD und DSM haben Schwierigkeiten, die Vielfältigkeit der Manifestationen beispielsweise der depressiven Störung reliabel abzubilden. Dies ist aber eine Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien, die differenziell die unterschiedlichen Manifestationen berücksichtigt. Mit funktioneller Bildgebung, insbesondere mit Konnektivitätsmessungen zwischen verschiedenen Arealen, erscheint eine neurobiologische Binnendifferenzierung der Depression möglich geworden. Es werden 2 Arbeiten vorgestellt, in denen depressive Patienten aufgrund ihrer Konnektivitässignaturen aus fMRT-Messungen verschiedenen Biotypen zugeordnet werden. Drysdale et al. 12 legen Unterschiede in der Psychopathologie ihrer Typisierung zugrunde und erarbeiten einer Lösung mit 4 Biotypen. Diese Lösung hat sich mittlerweile als statistisch nicht haltbar herausgestellt. Tozzi et al. 15 nutzen Konnektivitäts- und Aktivierungssignaturen und zeigen eine statistisch robuste Lösung mit 6 Biotypen. Allerdings gibt es nur schwache Bezüge zur Psychopathologie. Beide Konzeptionen tragen vielversprechende Ansätze in sich, müssen sich aber in der therapeutischen Praxis bewähren.
Win Your Race Goal: A Generalized Approach to Prediction of Running
Performance
Authors: Dash Sandhyarani
Published: October 2024

We introduce a novel approach for predicting running performance, designed to
apply across a wide range of race distances (from marathons to ultras),
elevation gains, and runner types (front-pack to back of the pack). To achieve
this, the entire running logs of 15 runners, encompassing a total of 15,686
runs, were analyzed using two approaches: (1) regression and (2) time series
regression (TSR). First, the prediction accuracy of a long short-term memory
(LSTM) network was compared using both approaches. The regression approach
demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 89.13% in contrast,
the TSR approach reached an accuracy of 85.21%. Both methods were evaluated
using a test dataset that included the last 15 runs from each running log.
Secondly, the performance of the LSTM model was compared against two benchmark
models: Riegel formula and UltraSignup formula for a total of 60 races. The
Riegel formula achieves an accuracy of 80%, UltraSignup 87.5%, and the LSTM
model exhibits 90.4% accuracy. This work holds potential for integration into
popular running apps and wearables, offering runners data-driven insights during
their race preparations.
Cholangioscopy-based convoluted neuronal network vs. confocal laser endomicroscopy in identification of neoplastic biliary strictures
Authors: Robles-Medranda Carlos , Baquerizo-Burgos Jorge , Puga-Tejada Miguel , Cunto Domenica , Egas-Izquierdo Maria , Mendez Juan Carlos , Arevalo-Mora Martha , Alcivar Vasquez Juan , Lukashok Hannah , Tabacelia Daniela
Published: October 2024

Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI) models have demonstrated high diagnostic performance identifying neoplasia during digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC). To date, there are no studies directly comparing AI vs. DSOC-guided probe-base confocal laser endomicroscopy (DSOC-pCLE). Thus, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a DSOC-based AI model with DSOC-pCLE for identifying neoplasia in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures.

Patients and methods This retrospective cohort-based diagnostic accuracy study included patients ≥ 18 years old who underwent DSOC and DSOC-pCLE (June 2014 to May 2022). Four methods were used to diagnose each patient's biliary structure, including DSOC direct visualization, DSOC-pCLE, an offline DSOC-based AI model analysis performed in DSOC recordings, and DSOC/pCLE-guided biopsies. The reference standard for neoplasia was a diagnosis based on further clinical evolution, imaging, or surgical specimen findings during a 12-month follow-up period.

Results A total of 90 patients were included in the study. Eighty-six of 90 (95.5%) had neoplastic lesions including cholangiocarcinoma (98.8%) and tubulopapillary adenoma (1.2%). Four cases were inflammatory including two cases with chronic inflammation and two cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Compared with DSOC-AI, which obtained an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 0.79, DSOC direct visualization had an AUC of 0.74 (P = 0.763), DSOC-pCLE had an AUC of 0.72 (P = 0.634), and DSOC- and pCLE-guided biopsy had an AUC of 0.83 (P = 0.809).

Conclusions The DSOC-AI model demonstrated an offline diagnostic performance similar to that of DSOC-pCLE, DSOC alone, and DSOC/pCLE-guided biopsies. Larger multicenter, prospective, head-to-head trials with a proportional sample among neoplastic and nonneoplastic cases are advisable to confirm the obtained results.
Evaluation of an Outpatient Cervical Ripening Program Using Osmotic Dilators and Foley Balloon Catheters
Authors: Sidebottom Abbey C. , Wunderlich Whitney L. , Vacquier Marc C. , Drake Kelly A. , Goering Mary P. , Hoffman Sandra I. , Watson David A. , Colicchia Laura C.
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to describe patient characteristics, satisfaction, and outcome measures for patients undergoing outpatient cervical ripening.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from March 2020 to March 2022 from a large health system. The sample included patients with a low-risk singleton pregnancy undergoing outpatient cervical ripening with either an osmotic dilator or Foley balloon catheter. A subset of patients completed satisfaction surveys. Frequencies and means were used to describe the population and conduct comparisons by device type. Inverse probability of treatment weighted estimates were generated to address baseline differences between patients in the two device groups.

Results Outpatient cervical ripening was completed by 120 patients (80 osmotic dilators and 40 Foley balloon catheters). The mean time from insertion to inpatient admission was 16.2 ± 4.8 hours. The mean change in simplified Bishop score (SBS) was 1.8 ± 1.4 and the mean change in dilation was 1.8 ± 1.1 cm. There were no differences in the amount of cervical change by device type. Patients returned earlier than planned 16.7% of the time, primarily for contractions or rupture of membranes. Following outpatient cervical ripening, the time from admission to delivery was 19.9 ± 10.3 hours, with no difference by device type. Vaginal delivery occurred for 74.8% of patients. Patients reported overall satisfaction with the outpatient cervical ripening experience, with the highest satisfaction among those with osmotic dilators. Patients with both device types stated they would recommend outpatient cervical ripening to others, and experienced low levels of stress and discomfort at home prior to hospital admission.

Conclusion Patients participating in outpatient cervical ripening with osmotic dilators or Foley balloon catheters experienced clinically meaningful changes in dilation and SBSs while at home and reported general satisfaction with the outpatient program experience.

Key Points
Konzept zur wissenschaftlichen Begleitung und Evaluation von
Modellversuchen nach dem Cannabis-Gesetz – Säule 2
Authors: Krüger Wolfgang , Schulenburg Johann-Matthias Graf von der
Published: October 2024

Das im April 2024 verabschiedete Gesetz zur Legalisierung des Cannabiskonsums
sieht in der Säule 2 die Durchführung von wissenschaftlich begleiteten und
evaluierten Modellversuchen zur Einrichtung lizensierter Fachgeschäfte für
Cannabis vor. Bis jetzt ist die praktische Umsetzung völlig offen. Einerseits
stimuliert die Legalisierung des Cannabis-Konsums eine verstärkte Nachfrage, die
aber nur auf dem Schwarzmarkt befriedigt werden kann. Dies erscheint
kontraproduktiv zu den Zielen des Gesetzes. Ein Rahmen für die Evaluation von
Fachgeschäften für Cannabis scheint dringend erforderlich.
Unexpected Intracameral Foreign Bodies During Regular Cataract Surgeries
Authors: Goldblum David , Tandogan Tamer
Published: October 2024

Background Unexpected intracameral foreign bodies during regular cataract surgery appear relatively often but seem to be underreported, since they are almost often immediately removed. They rarely remain in the anterior chamber and can be the source of inflammation, infections, or lead to corneal endothelial decompensation. We report two series of cases with different materials of different origins and review the literature.

Patients and Methods During several cases of uncomplicated phacoemulsifications under topical anesthesia, unknown foreign bodies visibly flushed in through the sleeve of the phaco handpiece. The material was always removed and submitted to the (Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt; Federal Institute for Materials Testing and Research) for further investigations.

Results Spectral analysis revealed that, in our cases, the foreign bodies were remnants of otherwise intact phaco sleeves that had not been cleaned properly during production. In another case series, the resin granules from the water filtration system for the instrument washing machine had found their way into the phaco handpieces.

Conclusion Many shapes and materials of different origins might unexpectedly appear during cataract surgery in the eye. Their immediate extraction is necessary, as they might cause corneal endothelial damage, chronic inflammation, or could be the source of infections. Vigilance reporting is also important for the controlling medicinal organizations and companies to assure early recognition of systematic problems.
Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma Survival Outcomes, Recurrence Patterns, and Prognostic Factors: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Publications after 2000
Authors: Orr Annie J. , Fenberg Rachel , Carrau Ricardo L. , VanKoevering Kyle
Published: October 2024

Background Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) comprises <1% of all head and neck cancers but has one of the highest 5-year mortalities.

Methods A systematic review and analysis using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses) guidelines was conducted on SNMM survival, recurrence, and prognostic factors.

Results A total of 2,379 abstracts were reviewed resulting in 90 studies describing 3347 SNMM patients. Patients were 49.65% male and 66.5 years old. Surgery plus radiation therapy, followed by surgery only, then radiation only were the most common treatments. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy were used in 418 patients and 101 respectively. The 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survivals are 55.97, 40.09, and 30.35%, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival and disease-specific survival are 25.56 and 38.04%. The 5-year local, regional, and distant recurrence-free survivals are 42.35, 81.64, and 44.65%. Mean survival after diagnosis was 26.99 months. Local (n = 650), regional (n = 226), and distant (n = 723) failure presented after 19.36, 6.35, and 12.42 months. Sites of metastasis were lung, liver, bone, brain, skin, kidney, and adrenal glands. Distant metastases, disease in the paranasal sinuses, and higher stage were noted to have worse survival outcomes. Positive margins did not significantly impact overall survival in 11/12 studies.

Conclusion Overall survival over 20 years has remained poor with 70% of patients deceased in 5 years. About half of patients will develop distant failure and will thereafter rapidly decline. These data indicate need for advances in treatment of SNMM and new efforts with targeted immunotherapy offer a promising avenue toward improving survival outcomes.
Comparison of Clinical Observation and Upper GI Endoscopy in Corrosive Substances Ingestion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kara Yusuf Alper , Ergun Ergun , Özgüner İsmet Faruk
Published: October 2024

Objectives Oral intake of corrosive substances is a significant cause of morbidity and sometimes mortality in childhood. Early evaluation is essential in determining the course of possible damage. This study aimed to compare early endoscopic evaluation and clinical observation methods in patients with corrosive substance ingestion.

Materials and Methods Seventy-five patients with corrosive substance ingestion were hospitalized in a tertiary pediatric surgery clinic between January 2019 and December 2020. They were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled manner, 35 of whom were in the endoscopy group and 40 in the clinical observation group, and their data were collected after obtaining consent from their families.

Results It was observed that the most common chemical agents in hospitalized patients with a history of corrosive substance intake were dish polishers and sink openers, and contact with strong alkaline substances was the most common case. Endoscopic evaluation increased the total cost compared with clinical observation but decreased the nil per os (nothing by mouth) duration, the number of drugs they took, and the inpatient duration (p < 0.05). Neither the presentation symptoms nor physical examination findings were to the pH level of the corrosive substance ingested (p > 0.05).

Conclusions Endoscopic evaluation could be a choice for reducing the length of hospital stay, drug doses, and the nil per os period, but it increases the total cost. Since no cases with significant esophageal damage were detected in our clinic at the time of this study, the results should be supported by larger series.
Clinical Manifestation of Sensorineural Hearing Loss as an Extraintestinal Complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kinoshita Moemi , Okano Takayuki , Tona Yosuke , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Omori Koichi
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune condition often accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations including arthritis. However, hearing loss as an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD is rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss associated with IBD. This study included patients with IBD and hearing loss who were registered between October 2005 and September 2022. The patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) by gastroenterologists in addition to sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology confirmed by otolaryngologists. Overall, 32 patients aged 10 to 78 years were included, consisting of 9 women, 18 patients with UC, and 14 patients with CD. Hearing loss associated with IBD was more common among men, with a median onset age of 56 years for UC and 33 years for CD. Two patients reported hearing loss in both ears before IBD onset, whereas 38 ears in 30 patients presented hearing loss after IBD onset. Various types of hearing loss were observed in the 42 affected ears. Further, hearing loss typically developed within 10 years of IBD diagnosis in approximately 63% of cases, with a median interval of 9 years among the 32 cases. In some cases, azathioprine and infliximab, therapeutic agents for IBD, were suspected to have contributed to the hearing loss. No other IBD medications were suspected to contribute to the hearing loss in any patient. The pathogenesis of hearing loss in IBD remains unclear; further large-scale investigations are warranted to elucidate the relationship between IBD and sensorineural hearing loss and to better understand the underlying pathophysiology.
Nonenhancing Prepontine Chordoma with Diffusion Restriction Mimicking an Epidermoid Cyst
Authors: Charan Bheru Dan , Agarwal Sushant , Singh Ekamjot , Jain Savyasachi , Das Sumanta , Garg Ajay , Sebastian Leve Joseph Devarajan , Singh Manmohan
Published: October 2024

Intradural prepontine chordoma is an extremely rare entity and depicts benign features with no recurrence and has a good prognosis as compared with bone endogenous chordoma. Radiologically, it may mimic an epidermoid cyst and present an imaging challenge. Here we present a case of a middle adolescent girl who presented with headache along with limb and facial weakness. A nonenhancing, diffusion-restricting, predominantly intradural cystic-appearing mass lesion was seen in the prepontine cistern. Initially, an epidermoid cyst was suspected, but histopathology revealed it to be a chordoma. Destruction of the clivus is important and chordoma should be included in differential diagnosis.
Metastatic Intracranial Choriocarcinoma in the Absence of a Primary Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: Piña-Ballantyne Steven-Andrés , Espinosa-Aguilar Eunice-Jazmín , Calderón-Garcidueñas Ana-Laura , Ramos-Sánchez Rebeca de Jesus
Published: October 2024

Intracranial choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of trophoblastic tissue. Although choriocarcinoma most commonly arises in the uterus as a component of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, instances of intracranial choriocarcinoma are exceptionally uncommon. We report a case of intracranial choriocarcinoma without any evidence of a tumor elsewhere. A 25-year-old woman presented with a history of 1 month of evolution with right frontal hemicranial headache, followed by visual disturbances, otalgia, and diplopia. On neurological examination, she was conscious, cooperative, and well-oriented; a grade 1 bilateral papilledema, left homonymous hemianopsia, and sixth cranial nerve paresis, with diplopia, were detected. Neuroimaging showed a right parieto-occipital lesion with features mimicking an atypical meningioma. After surgical resection, a diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was issued. Primary intracranial choriocarcinomas are typically located in the sellar and pineal regions. The occurrence of this tumor within the occipital lobe suggested metastasis; however, a primary tumor in the thoracic or abdominal organs was not observed and a delayed metastasis was considered. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with intracranial choriocarcinoma.
Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Cerebral Aspergillosis with Ventriculitis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Chaisawasthomrong Chonnawee
Published: October 2024

Cerebral aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that is exceedingly rare in immunocompetent patients. The primary etiological locations for these infections typically involve the nasal cavity and hematological dissemination. A 62-year-old male, focused on wellness, presented with intermittent, nonprogressive headaches in the occipital region, generalized clonic–tonic seizures, and altered consciousness. A computed tomography scan revealed multiple small rim-enhancing lesions in both occipital lobes, with vasogenic edema in both occipital lobes adjacent to the confluence of the sinuses and the posterior superior sagittal sinus. In this case, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis secondary to cerebral aspergillosis was discovered, a condition not previously diagnosed in this specific location but manageable through surgical intervention. A combination of surgical resection and antifungal therapy resulted in favorable outcomes. The prognosis for patients depends significantly on early diagnosis and prompt, aggressive treatment.
Management of Comminuted Frontal Depressed Fracture Using Split Calvarial Graft: A Novel Technique
Authors: Maurya Ved Prakash , Ranjan Nitish , Ranjan Ravi , Gupta Shubham , Gupta Mrityunjay Kumar , Patel Tarun Kumar , Gaur Nikhilesh Kumar , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Srivastava Arun Kumar
Published: October 2024

Frontal depressed fracture generally results from high-speed motor vehicle accidents. The frontal fractures can be closed or open depending upon the involvement of the overlying skin. Frontal fracture can be comminuted if the bone is broken in at least two or more places. Because of the proximity of the frontal bone to critical structures like the frontal sinus, frontal dura with underlying brain parenchyma, and orbit with its content, an injury resulting in a frontal depressed fracture can result in a multitude of clinical symptoms. If not addressed promptly with an experienced team, these fractures can result in cerebrospinal fluid leak, osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, meningitis, and ocular and olfactory dysfunction with poor cosmetic outcomes. Thus, repairing the frontal depressed fracture should be considered a priority. The standard practice is to elevate the depressed fracture and repair any dural defect. In case of a comminuted fracture, elevation is not possible, and we generally remove the fracture pieces and repair the defect using titanium mesh. In this case report, we propose a novel technique of repair of the defect using a split calvarial graft, which is fashioned after separating the outer table from the inner table of the posterior frontal bone. This technique reduces the theoretical risk of infection and is cost-effective as our procedure does not require any external implant in cranioplasty.
Exploring qubit-ADAPT-VQE for materials discovery in direct air capture
Authors: Barroca Marco Antonio , Neumann Barros Ferreira Rodrigo , Steiner Mathias
Published: October 2024

Direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide is a promising method for mitigating climate change. Solid sorbents, such as metal–organic frameworks, are currently being tested for DAC application. However, their potential for deployment at scale has not been fully realized. The computational discovery of solid sorbents is challenging, given the vast chemical search space and the DAC requirements for molecular selectivity. Quantum computing can potentially accelerate the discovery of solid sorbents for DAC by predicting molecular binding energies. In this work, we explore algorithms for predicting gas adsorption in metal–organic frameworks using a quantum computer. In particular, we simulate the potential energy surfaces of CO2, N2, and H2O molecules at the Mg+2 metal center that represents the binding sites of typical metal–organic frameworks. We apply the qubit-ADAPT-VQE technique to run simulations on both classical and quantum computing hardware and achieve reasonable accuracy while maintaining hardware efficiency.
Acoustic waveguide frequency-selective demultiplexing realized by Helmholtz-resonator-mediated extraordinary acoustic transmission
Authors: Robertson William M. , Sprague Kyle , Carlyon Tague
Published: October 2024

An acoustic frequency-selective Y-shaped waveguide splitter based on in-line Helmholtz resonators is demonstrated analytically via a modified transfer matrix method, computationally through finite element simulations using COMSOL, and experimentally by an impulse response measurement. This demultiplexer arrangement consists of a single input waveguide that splits into two output waveguides in a Y-configuration. Each output arm has a single tuned Helmholtz resonator embedded in-line along the length of the waveguide. The Helmholtz resonators in each arm consist of a single cavity with two necks—one directed toward the input and output sides of the guide. The phenomenon of extraordinary acoustic transmission results in near perfect transmission of sound along each output arm in a narrow frequency interval at the Helmholtz resonant frequency. The Helmholtz resonance and hence the demultiplexed frequencies are determined by the physical dimensions of the resonator. Using a single Helmholtz resonator in each output arm means that the system is more compact compared to other proposed schemes using either side-loaded Helmholtz resonators or stubs. The experimental results are in good agreement with the computational predictions.
Modeling and optimization of a photovoltaic cell system with battery storage for supply energy requirement
Authors: Majid Shaikh Hasibul , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Ghazaly Nouby M. , Alanssari Ali Ihsan , Rodriguez-Benites Carlos , Alhadrawi Merwa , Shamel Ali
Published: October 2024

At present, the use of smart systems to reduce energy consumption has been developing more and more, and the need to use these systems plays a significant role in energy systems. Smart systems can play a significant role when there are many energy production sources and there are various loads in the system. In this research, the smart system of the sports stadium is evaluated considering the renewable energy resources, and the electric vehicles are also one of the demanded loads. The studied system uses a solar cell to supply the electric load, which is used to model the equipment using GAMS software. Different scenarios have been evaluated considering the uncertainty in solar radiation intensity. Furthermore, the conditional value at risk measure is considered to manage and reduce the risk of smart sports stadium energy supply cost. Finally, the effects of the battery capacity of electric vehicles on the installed solar cell power and the cost of the produced energy have been evaluated. The results indicate that in a scenario based on a system consisting of an electric vehicle under a photovoltaic cell and a battery, the energy cost will be equal to around 111.2 cents, which represents a 34% reduction compared to a different scenario. This can be an important achievement in the design of sports stadiums under smart energy systems. Furthermore, the developed strategy in this article can manage the load shifting and the operation of the electric vehicle and the storage system during the charging and discharging periods.
Measuring the properties of colloidal PbS quantum dot thin films using differential photocarrier radiometry technology
Authors: Zhao Zitao , Wang Qian , Gao Fei , Luo Donghui , Zhang Yan , Liu Huan
Published: October 2024

Colloidal quantum dots have been widely applied in various optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes. The measurement of carrier dynamics not only allows the study of the passivation quality of quantum dot surfaces but also contributes to analyze the performance of related devices. In this study, by measuring and comparing the photocarrier radiometry signals of PbS quantum dot films on different substrates from the same batch, we investigated the carrier transport and trap properties in the material. First, based on the differences in surface recombination velocities of colloidal quantum dot films on different substrates, we established a theoretical model of differential photocarrier radiometry technique applicable to colloidal quantum dot films. We simulated and analyzed the effects of the carrier transport parameters, such as carrier lifetime, carrier hopping diffusivity, and surface recombination velocities, on the differential photocarrier radiometry signals. Finally, the photocarrier radiometry signals of PbS quantum dot films on K9 glass substrate and transparent indium tin oxide film coated glass substrate were experimentally measured, and the carrier transport parameters of the quantum dot films were also obtained through multiparameter fitting. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the differential photocarrier radiometry technique can be used for non-destructive measurement of the carrier transport and trap properties of colloidal quantum dot films without the adverse effects of instrument frequency response.
Ultra-compact narrow-band band-stop filter based on inverse design
Authors: Huang Xiaopeng , Li Jiaao , Wang Zhicheng , Li Haitang , Chen Yutai , He Honglin , He Qining , Lu Zhenkun , Chen Huan
Published: October 2024

Traditional on-chip filters are usually devoid of algorithmic utilization and span several hundred micrometers or greater in length, thereby constraining the compactness of the device. This study presents a design of an ultra-compact narrow-band band-stop filter with a high extinction ratio and low loss, achieved through the proposed improved adjoint method, which has solved the problem that the adjoint method fails to fully binarize the pixel points at the binarization stage. The demonstrated filter has a footprint of merely 9.6 × 7.2 μm2 with effective suppression at the 1550 nm wavelength. Within the 1530–1570 nm operating band, the extinction ratio for the 1550 nm wavelength is 51.2 dB, the pass-band insertion loss is only 0.65 dB, and the full width at half maximum is 0.16 nm. The excellent performance and ultra-compact size of the device make it highly advantageous and widely applicable in high-density photonic integrated circuits.
Active wake control of a bluff body with blunt trailing edge using incompressible numerical simulations
Authors: J. P. Ananthu , Nair Prasanth P. , Narayanan Vinod
Published: October 2024

The flow over a bluff body with a blunt trailing edge has been extensively studied due to its relevance in underwater vehicles, such as submarines and torpedoes, where wake control is critical for optimizing stealth and reducing detectability. However, the specific effects of jet blowing and suction at the rear of D-shaped bluff bodies on wake dynamics have not been adequately explored. Four configurations—balanced inversion (BI), opposite injection–suction (OIS), interleaved injection–suction (IIS), and double injection–double suction (DIDS)—were examined, each with five velocity ratios (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5) where the velocity ratio (u/u∞) is the ratio of freestream velocity to injection/suction velocity with slits evenly spaced along the rear end of the bluff body. The results revealed that the BI configuration, with symmetric suction and injection, effectively stabilized the wake and reduced drag by 26% at an optimal velocity ratio of u/u∞ = 1.5. Conversely, higher velocity ratios led to the reemergence of vortex shedding and increased drag. The OIS configuration demonstrated a complex interplay of vortex interactions, particularly at higher velocity ratios, resulting in a substantial rise in drag (up to 101.38% at u/u∞ = 2.5). The IIS configuration yielded more predictable vortex patterns and reduced drag at lower velocity ratios, although chaotic flow reemerged at higher ratios. The DIDS configuration significantly altered wake dynamics, deflecting vortices, narrowing the wake, and increasing drag at higher velocity ratios, with a notable shift in vortex shedding frequency. These findings contribute to understanding wake control techniques, offering potential benefits for the design of stealthier underwater vehicles.
Research on intelligent control and emergency response system for power cable tunnels based on AI image recognition and ultra-wideband technology
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Kai , Liang Jian , Zhao Jiong , Zhao Jun
Published: October 2024

This article studies and develops an intelligent control emergency response system for power cable tunnels based on image recognition and ultra-wideband technology. The system aims to improve the safety monitoring and emergency response capabilities of cable tunnels by integrating real-time data transmission, multi-sensor data fusion, UWB (ultra-wideband) precise positioning, and AI (Artificial Intelligence) image recognition technology. The system has the ability to monitor data transmission and processing in real time and can quickly respond to emergency situations so as to effectively control sudden, hidden, and temporary security risks. In addition, the application of UWB technology provides precise positioning capability, which is crucial for ensuring personnel positioning in emergency response. AI image recognition technology can analyze surveillance video content, detect and handle potential construction hazards in a timely manner, and effectively prevent accidents from occurring. The application of this technology not only improves the efficiency of safety supervision but also enhances the safety guarantee ability of on-site operators.
Natural variation in age-related dopamine neuron degeneration is glutathione dependent and linked to life span
Authors: Coleman Colin R. , Pallos Judit , Arreola-Bustos Alicia , Wang Lu , Raftery Daniel , Promislow Daniel E. L. , Martin Ian
Published: October 2024

Aging is the biggest risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting that age-related changes in the brain promote dopamine neuron vulnerability. It is unclear, however, whether aging alone is sufficient to cause significant dopamine neuron loss, and if so, how this intersects with PD-related neurodegeneration. Here, through examining a large collection of naturally varying
Drosophila
strains, we find a strong relationship between life span and age-related dopamine neuron loss. Strains with naturally short-lived animals exhibit a loss of dopamine neurons without generalized neurodegeneration, while animals from long-lived strains retain dopamine neurons across age. Metabolomic profiling reveals lower glutathione levels in short-lived strains which is associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), sensitivity to oxidative stress, and vulnerability to silencing the familial PD gene
parkin
. Strikingly, boosting neuronal glutathione levels via glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gcl) overexpression is sufficient to normalize ROS levels, extend life span, and block dopamine neurons loss in short-lived backgrounds, demonstrating that glutathione deficiencies are central to neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with short longevity. These findings may be relevant to human PD pathogenesis, where glutathione depletion is reported to occur in the idiopathic PD patient brain through unknown mechanisms. Building on this, we find reduced expression of the Gcl catalytic subunit in both
Drosophila
strains vulnerable to age-related dopamine neuron loss and in the human brain from familial PD patients harboring the common LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Our study across
Drosophila
and human PD systems suggests that glutathione synthesis and levels play a conserved role in regulating age-related dopamine neuron health.
Dramatic droplet deformation through interfacial particles jamming
Authors: Shang Luoran , Xu Ke , Lu Peter J. , Abbaspourrad Alireza , Zhao Yuanjin , Weitz David A.
Published: October 2024

Droplets of one fluid in a second, immiscible fluid are typically spherical in shape due to the interfacial tension between the two fluids. Shear forces can lead to droplet deformation when they are subjected to flow, and these effects can be further modified when the droplet is stabilized by a surfactant due to a flow-induced gradients in the surfactant concentration. An alternative method of stabilizing droplets is through the use of colloidal particles, whose stabilization behavior is intrinsically different from molecular surfactants. Under the same flow condition, a gradient of particle concentration can result in the jamming of particles in regions with a high packing density, making the interface solid-like, albeit only under compression and not tension. However, how this asymmetry in the surfactant properties alters the droplet shape under shear is unknown. Here, we show that shear of particle-stabilized droplets can lead to a remarkable array of shape deformations as the droplets flow through a constrained microchannel. The shear-induced migration of particles on the surface results in the formation of an elastic shell at the back of the droplet, which can wrinkle and invaginate, ultimately leading to a unique core–shell structure. The shapes depend on the Peclet number of the flow, reflecting the balance of shear forces that drive the particles and diffusion that randomizes them. These findings highlight the consequences of the asymmetry in the forces between the particles and provide a unique method to controllably create droplets with a vast array of different shapes.
Revealing OH species in situ generated on low-valence Cu sites for selective carbonyl oxidation
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Qiaozhi , Yu Iris K. M. , Tsang Daniel C. W.
Published: October 2024

Catalytic oxidation through the transfer of lattice oxygen from metal oxides to reactants, namely the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism, has been widely reported. In this study, we evidence the overlooked oxidation route that features the in situ formation of surface OH species on Cu catalysts and its selective addition to the reactant carbonyl group. We observed that glucose oxidation to gluconic acid in air (21% O
2
) was favored on low-valence Cu sites according to X-ray spectroscopic analyses. Molecular O
2
was activated in situ on Cu
0
/Cu
+
forming localized, adsorbed hydroxyl radicals (*OH) which played the primary reactive oxygen species as confirmed by the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) study in D
2
O and in situ Raman experiments. Combined with DFT calculations, we proposed a mechanism of O
2
-to-*OH activation through the *OOH intermediate. The localized *OH exhibited higher selectivity toward glucose oxidation at C1HO to form gluconic acid (up to 91% selectivity), in comparison with free radicals in bulk environment that emerged from thermal, noncatalytic hydrogen peroxide decomposition (40% selectivity). The KIE measurements revealed a lower glucose oxidation rate in D
2
O than in H
2
O, highlighting the role of water (H
2
O/D
2
O) or its derivatives (e.g., *OH/*OD) in the rate-determining step. After proving the C1-H activation step kinetically irrelevant, we proposed the oxidation mechanism that was characterized by the rate-limiting addition of *OH to C1=O in glucose. Our findings advocate that by maneuvering the coverage and activity of surface *OH, high-performance oxidation of carbonyl compounds beyond biomass molecules can be achieved in water and air using nonprecious metal catalysts.
A receptor for dual ligands governs plant immunity and hormone response and is targeted by a nematode effector
Authors: Huang Li , Yuan Yulin , Ramirez Chloe , Zhao Zhe , Chen Letian , Griebel Thomas , Kud Joanna , Kuhl Joseph C. , Caplan Allan , Dandurand Louise-Marie , Xiao Fangming
Published: October 2024

In this study, we show that the potato (
Solanum tuberosum
) pattern recognition receptor (PRR) NEMATODE-INDUCED LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT (LRR)-RLK1 (StNILR1) functions as a dual receptor, recognizing both nematode-associated molecular pattern ascaroside #18 (Ascr18) and plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) to activate two different physiological outputs: pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and BR response. Ascr18/BR-StNILR1 signaling requires the coreceptor potato BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (StBAK1) and perception of either ligand strengthens StNILR1 interaction with StBAK1 in plant cells. Significantly, the parasitically successful potato cyst nematode (
Globodera pallida
) utilizes the effector RHA1B, which is a functional ubiquitin ligase, to target StNILR1 for ubiquitination-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation, thereby countering Ascr18/BR-StNILR1-mediated PTI in potato and facilitating nematode parasitism. These findings broaden our understanding of PRR specificity and reveal a nematode parasitic mechanism that targets a PTI signaling pathway.