bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspectos jurídicos do bairro rural Portal da Lagoa de Campo Grande, MS, na perspectiva do desenvolvimento local
Authors: Xavier Bruna Gonçalves , Ovando Rômulo Gustava De Moraes , Borges Pedro Pereira
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa tem como foco os aspectos jurídicos do bairro rural Portal da Lagoa em Campo Grande, MS, com olhar no desenvolvimento local. O objetivo foi investigar os serviços essenciais que faltam na região e o problema de propriedade, refletindo sobre os impactos que a ausência desses serviços e questões da propriedade podem refletir para o Desenvolvimento Local. A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e observação participante, com entrevistas e rodas de conversas com moradores do bairro. Assim, verificou-se que a população que vive no local enfrenta o sentimento de clandestinidade e abandono, porque falta o domínio dos imóveis, pois só possuem a posse dos lotes e dentre os vários serviços públicos que não são prestigiados na região. Portanto esses fatores podem influenciar significativamente no sentimento de pertença e identidade da população dessa região, fazendo com que seus habitantes vivam em constante sensação de desamparo do Estado e insegurança jurídica.
AVALIAÇÃO DO pH, TURBIDEZ E ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA DO CÓRREGO GUARÁ VELHO EM GUARAÍ, ESTADO DO TOCANTINS
Authors: Martins Guimarães Ana Paula , Roberto Maria da Conceição , Ribeiro Jhonys Lima , De Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos , Ibiapina Neres Júlio César , Cerqueira Fernando Barnabé
Published: August 2019

A utilização da água pela sociedade é bastante ampla, abrangendo desde o uso pessoal da população, como também sua aplicação em atividades agrícolas e industriais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a turbidez, presença de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli na água do Córrego Guará Velho, Município de Guaraí-TO, utilizando o teste NMP com tubos múltiplos, seguindo as recomendações da portaria 357/2005. Foram recolhidos amostras de água em 5 pontos do Córrego e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Águas do Município. Em todas as amostras foram identificados contaminação por coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, em alguns pontos a contaminação apresentou-se superior ao permitido pela portaria, favorecendo a inviabilidade desta água em ser consumida por animais e por seres humanos, assim como, sua utilização para outros fins. Neste trabalho, verificou-se também que em alguns trechos do Córrego a turbidez ultrapassa o permitido de 100 NTU/mL de água. Diante dos resultados expressos por este trabalho, conclui-se que é necessário realizar projetos voltados a recuperação deste Córrego e de sensibilização da sociedade local a cerca da importância deste recurso para a população do Município e para o ambiente aquático, assim como, realizar novos trabalhos para atestar a qualidade da água deste córrego.
Demographic, Laboratory and Clinical Comparison of Pediatric Brucella Cases with and without Liver Involvement
Authors: Agin Mehmet , Kayar Yusuf
Published: August 2019

Background and Objective: In the present study, the purpose was to compare the demographic, clinical and laboratory results of pediatric brucella cases who had liver involvement and who had no specific organ involvement. Material and Methods: The data of 248 patients between 2 and 18 years of age diagnosed with Brucellosis between July 2017 and August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients who had liver involvement and who did not have other specific organ involvement were compared in terms of presentation, physical examination findings, age, gender, hemogram, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, bilirubines, sedimentation, CRP, clinical and laboratory findings, and culture and relapse rates. Results: No significant differences were detected between the patients who had liver involvement (n=92) and who did not have specific organ involvement (n=156) in terms of diagnosis age and gender. Loss of appetite, nausea and sensitive stomach were higher in the patients who had hepatic involvement, and weariness was determined to be more in the control group patients. In the patients who had hepatic involvement, the hemoglobin and platelet values were lower, and the sedimentation, CRP and blood culture growth were higher. The relapse rates were lower in patients who had liver involvement. Conclusion: In patients who have liver involvement, in addition to elevated hepatomegaly and transaminase levels, the growth rate of the acute-phase reactants and brucella is higher in blood culture; and the relapse rate is lower after treatment. Brucellosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatomegaly and transaminase elevation where brucellosis is seen endemically. We believe that early diagnosis of brucellosis is important in treatment response.
Airborne Microplastics: A Review Study on Method for Analysis, Occurrence, Movement and Risks
Authors: Christian Ebere Enyoh , Andrew Wirnkor Verla , Ngozi Verla Evelyn , Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Collins Emeka Amaobi
Published: August 2019

Microplastics (of size < 5mm) pollution in our environment is of current concern by researchers, public media and non-governmental organizations. Implications by their presence in aquatic and soil ecosystems have been well studied and documented, but less attention has been paid on airborne microplastics (MPs). Studies concerning airborne microplastics started from 2016 and only a few (n=7) have been published till date. Although, studies may increase in the following years, since air is very important for human survival. Microplastics have been observed in atmospheric fallouts in indoor and outdoor environments using a sampling or vacuum pump, rain sampler and/or particulate fallout collector. Identification and quantification have been carried out by visual, spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Factors such as meterological, climatic and anthropogenic influence the distribution and movement of airborne MP. Human exposure may be through inhalation or dermal route with their potential biopersistence and translocation. Ingestion may cause localized inflammation and cancer due to responses by the immune cells, especially in individuals with compromised metabolism and poor clearance mechanisms. Ecological risks involve possible contamination of the ecosystem through a dynamic relationship of MPs in soil, water and air forming a MP contamination cycle. The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge or information regarding microplastics in air, identifies gap in knowledge and give suggestions for future research.
Membumikan Tasawwuf di Tengah Krisis Spiritualitas Manusia Abad Modern Pandangan Sayyed Hossein Nasr
Authors: Nabil Muhammad
Published: August 2019

In this modern world, people are more focused on worldly or material nature, and far from the spiritual direction. Technology and lifestyle become a trend of life and symbols of progress or level of human strata in the direction of perfection, then with the technology that is increasingly high and far away,  keep people even the crisis in human nature. Analytical descriptive is the method used in answering the problems of this modern century. This matter Sayyed Hossein Nashr provides solution from various solutions, one of which he loves is Tasawwuf, this teaching is the point or center of spiritual improvement in the direction of perfection to the essence. In this case tasawwuf becomes the vehicle of choice with the aim of filling human spirituality which is filled with material, nobility, and worldly influences to the nature of nature. It is natural that tasawwuf has an important role in maintaining human balance in the worldly and the beyond aspect. So with the existence of tasawwuf all knowledge will not colide, so it becomes necessary to balance religion and culture.
Anatomical Reconstruction of the Acromion Using an Autologous Iliac Crest Graft for Treatment of Recurrent Chondroblastoma
Authors: Herget Georg W. , Maier Dirk , Südkamp Norbert P. , Uhl Markus , Füllgraf Hannah , Dovi-Akue David
Published: August 2019

Case:

A 38-year-old man presented with recurrent chondroblastoma of the acromion after primary curettage and bone grafting. The patient underwent revision surgery with resection of the acromion and reconstruction using an autologous iliac crest graft. He had regained normal shoulder function without recurrence at a follow-up of 17 months.

Conclusions:

This case demonstrates a rare location of chondroblastoma and successful anatomical and functional reconstruction. The described surgical procedure could be considered for large tumorous lesions of the acromion, for which curettage would be insufficient, and to preserve and reconstruct a functionally intact shoulder girdle.
GROWTH IMPROVEMENT OF TOMATO WITH THE APPLICATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES PRODUCING INDOLE ACETIC ACID (IAA) AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZER
Authors: Riyanti Eny Ida , Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Mulya Karden , Listanto Edy
Published: August 2019

Soil bacteria have important roles in biogeochemical cycle for soil fertility and have been manipulated for ecologically-friendly crop production.  The search for beneficial association between microbes and plants for promoting growth and health should be studied for tomato growth improvement. The study aimed to  evaluate 19 microbial isolates which produced indole acetic acid (IAA) affecting growth and development of tomato (Palupi variety), and  molecularly identify the most effective isolates in improving tomato growth based on 16s rDNA sequences. The experiment was conducted in pots using a complete randomized design with three replications. The parameters observed included plant height, plant dry weight, root length, root dry weight, and fruit fresh weight.  The isolates that significantly improved tomato growth were molecularly identified using 16s rRNA sequence. The phenotypic properties such as IAA content and phosphate solubilizing index (PI) of the superior isolates were determined. Results showed that the application of bacterial isolates on tomato significantly increased plant dry weight and fruit yield. From 19 isolates tested, Aj 3.7.1.14 significantly increased plant dry weight, root length, and fruit yield. This isolate produced IAA of about 14.77 ppm and PI of 1.86.  Molecular analysis on Aj 3.7.1.14 demonstrated that the isolate had 89% similarity to Pseudomonas fragi. The identified P. fragi was found to be the most effective isolate for improving tomato growth and fruit yield. Another isolate, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was found to promote root length, root dry weight, and fruit yield. These isolates are potential to be further investigated for field trials
Onset of the Late Paleozoic Glacioeustatic Signal: A Stratigraphic Record from the Paleotropical, Oil-Shale-Bearing Big Snowy Trough of Central Montana, U.S.A.
Authors: Ahern Justin P. , Fielding Christopher R.
Published: August 2019

In the Big Snowy Mountains of central Montana, USA, late Visean to Bashkirian strata preserve a nearly complete, but poorly documented, paleotropical stratigraphic succession that straddles the range of current estimates of the onset of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA). Sedimentologic and stratigraphic investigation of the Otter (late Visean to Serpukhovian) and Heath (Serpukhovian) formations, with secondary focus on the overlying Tyler (late Serpukhovian to Bashkirian) and Alaska Bench (Bashkirian) formations, facilitated an appraisal of paleotropical environmental change preserved in this succession. Three facies associations reminiscent of environments currently forming in Shark Bay, Australia, were identified in the Otter Formation: shallow semi-restricted littoral platform, intertidal platform, and supratidal plain. Five facies associations broadly comparable to modern environments present in the Sunda Shelf and southern coast of the Persian Gulf were identified in the Heath Formation: offshore outer ramp, mid- to outer ramp, inner ramp, coastal plain, and sabkha. Facies associations preserved in the Heath Formation are here explained in the context of a protected, homoclinal carbonate ramp situated in a partially silled epicontinental embayment. A shift from low-magnitude relative sea-level oscillations preserved in the Otter Formation to a cyclothemic stratigraphic pattern entailing ≥ 6 fourth-order, high-frequency and high-magnitude relative sea-level fluctuations in the Heath Formation is here interpreted to record the main eustatic signal of the LPIA in central Montana. Current published biostratigraphic constraints for the observed stratigraphy estimate the main eustatic signal of the LPIA to have occurred approximately between 331 (base Serpukhovian) and 327 Ma in central Montana. A distinct upward transition from coal and paleosol-bearing depositional sequences in the lower Heath to evaporite and limestone-bearing depositional sequences in the upper Heath preserves a broad humid to arid paleoclimate shift during deposition of this unit, which influenced hydrographic circulation patterns and the resultant distribution of anoxic environments in the Big Snowy Trough during this time interval. Improved depositional and sequence stratigraphic models of the Heath Formation proposed in this study permit new insight into the theoretical distribution of, and water depth necessary to preserve, black, organic-rich claystone and shale in partially silled intracratonic basins, in addition to new temporal constraints on LPIA onset in paleotropical western Laurentia.
IDENTITAS PENAMPILAN MASYARAKAT YOGYAKARTA 1950’an-1970’an
Authors: Khasanah Nurul , Afiyanto Hendra
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontestasi ragam penampilan masyarakat Yogyakarta sebagai akibat dari westernisasi dan agamaisasi. Tahun 1950’an dipilih sebagai batasan awal penelitian sebab tahun tersebut adalah masifnya arus westernisasi yang masuk ke Yogyakarta. Westernisasi menjadi budaya populer di dalam masyarakat Yogyakarta yang membongkar kokohnya pondasi budaya keraton termasuk penampilan masyarakat. Kepintaran masyarakat Yogyakarta terlihat ketika mampu mengakomodasi westernisasi untuk eksistensi penampilannya. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah kritis melalui penggunaan sumber tekstual, seperti arsip, buku-buku referensi, surat kabar, majalah, dan sumber non-tekstual seperti foto atau gambar.Melalui tulisan ini disimpulkan masuknya westernisasi menimbulkan pergeseran cara pandang masyarakat atas penampilannya. Bergesernya cara pandang memunculkan perubahan penampilan dan ragam penampilan masyarakat Yogyakarta. Adanya kontestasi ragam penampilan menimbulkan ketegangan di dalam masyarakat, karena pada fase ini terjadi penghakiman atas benar salah penampilan yang digunakan. Muaranya adalah pemaknaan ulang terkait penampilan yang digunakan di dalam masyarakat.
ATRIBUSI KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DAN STRATEGI COPING ISTRI KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DI KABUPATEN PONOROGO
Authors: Rokhamah Ridho
Published: August 2019

Penyelesaian masalah setiap perempuan korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) sangat tergantung dari atribusi kekerasan perempuan. Usaha untuk menghadapi tekanan dan kondisi yang menyakitkan atau mengancam dikenal dengan istilah strategi coping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana atribusi dan strategi copingkorban KDRT, serta bagaimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi strategi copingkorban KDRT di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah (1) Atribusi kekerasan isteri korban KDRT dibedakan menjadi faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Adapun dimensi atribusi kekerasan isteri adalah lokasi penyebab terjadinya kekerasan, stabilitas danaya kekerasan, dan pengendalian diri terhadap kekerasan. (2) Strategicoping yang dipergunakan isteri dalam menghadapi kekerasan suami bisa dibedakan menjadi dua yaituProblemFocused coping(PFC) dan Emotional Focused Coping(EFC). (3) Strategi PFC dipilih ini karena dipengaruhi oleh: faktor internal individu yaitu karakteristik pada kelima individu informan yang cenderung bersabar dan bertahan ketika mendapatkan tekanan, serta faktor eksternal individu yaitukemampuan dan pengalaman yang dilakukan, dan kemampuan secara finansial. Adapun strategi EFC dipilih karena adanya faktorinternal dari diri yang mempunyai karakter sabar, pasrah, dan menyerah sebelum permasalahan terjadi lebih lanjut, serta faktor eksternal yaitu keluarga yang memang terkesan pasif atas permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh korban.
Daily time management and autonomy in school-age children with ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and typically developing children show different patterns
Authors: Wennberg Birgitta , Kjellberg Anette , Gustafsson Per Anders , Almqvist Lena , Janeslätt Gunnel
Published: August 2019

Background
Children with ADHD and those with intellectual disability (ID) often have problems in daily time management (DTM) and the underlying time-processing ability (TPA). It is, however, less well-known how DTM and TPA may impact children’s everyday autonomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate DTM, TPA and self-rated autonomy in the activities of everyday life among children aged 9-15 years with ADHD (n = 47), with ID (n = 47) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 47).

Method
A descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional design was used. Group comparisons and cluster analysis with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Turkey post-hoc tests and bootstrapping were used to analyse the data.
Results
Children with ADHD and those with ID had significantly lower TPA and DTM than TD children. However, there was a considerable heterogeneity not explained by age, ranging from skilled to having significant problems in TPA among children with ADHD and ID, as shown by cluster analysis. Children with ADHD had lower DTM than those with ID. For all children the levels of self-rated autonomy seemed to follow the level of TPA.
Conclusions
Children with ADHD and those with ID have an increased risk of delayed TPA, affecting their DTM and autonomy. The results indicate a need to measure TPA and tailor interventions for each child.

Keywords:
ADHD, autonomy, child , cluster analysis, intellectual disability, participation, time management
Ghost cell glaucoma after intravitreous injection of ranibizumab in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: XU Jun , ZHAO Meng , LI Jipeng , LIU Ningpu
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Intravitreous injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents has been widely used as an adjunctive method to vitrectomy in eyes with vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Here we reported a series of patients with PDR who developed ghost cell glaucoma after intravitreous injection and analyzed the potential factors that might be related to the development of ghost cell glaucoma.
METHODS: Retrospective case series study. A total of a consecutive 71 eyes of PDR patients who received vitrectomy after intravitreous injection of ranibizumab (IVR) from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in the study.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded before and after intravitreous injection. Medical records of patients were recorded and investigated. The onset and treatment of ghost-cell glaucoma were recorded.
RESULTS: There were 8 out of 71 eyes of the PDR patients developed ghost cell glaucoma after they received IVR. The interval between detection of elevation of IOP and intravitreous injection ranged from 0 to 2 days. There were 2 eyes had IOP greater than 30mmHg at the first IOP measurement at 30 minutes after IVR and remained elevated thereafter. The mean maximum IOP was 46.5±8.0 mmHg. There were 5 patients required medicine and 3 patients required additional paracentesis to control IOP. All patients gained normal IOP after vitrectomy and did not require medicine for lowering IOP ever since. The binary backward stepwise logistic regression model showed that the presence of ghost cell glaucoma was associated with tractional retinal detachment (RR= 4.60 [2.02~8.48], p= 0.004) and fibromembrane involving disk (RR=-3.57 [-7.59~-0.92], p=0.03) (AIC= 39.23，AUC=0.88).
CONCLUSION: The ghost cell glaucoma can occur after IVR among PDR patients who are required vitrectomy. Attention on postoperative IOP should be paid to patients with PDR undergoing vitrectomy who receive a preoperative intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents, especially in patients with severe PDR.
The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) for DSM-5: A Validation for Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Japanese Outpatients
Authors: Nishiyama Takeshi , Sumi Satoshi , Watanabe Hiroto , Suzuki Futoshi , Kuru Yukiko , Shiino Tomoko , Kimura Takuma , Wang Chaochen , Lin Yingsong , Ichiyanagi Maya , Hirai Kou
Published: August 2019

Background

The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) is a widely used semi-structured diagnostic interview in child and adolescent psychiatry. However, given the extensive use of the K-SADS-PL in clinical practice and research and its adaptation for use in many languages and cultures, validation studies of the instrument are scarce. This study was designed to examine the inter-rater reliability, criterion validity and construct validity of the updated instrument, the K-SADS-PL for DSM-5, in Japanese outpatients totaling 95 children and adolescents.

Methods

We translated and adapted the updated instrument into Japanese using a standard forward-backward translation procedure. Two of nine experienced clinicians independently made diagnoses using the interview for each patient in a conjoint session. Discrepancies in diagnosis between two clinicians were resolved by consensus, and the consensus diagnosis was compared with a “best-estimate” diagnosis made by five experienced clinicians using all available data sources for patients who were blinded to the diagnosis using the K-SADS-PL for DSM-5. The “best-estimate” diagnosis of ASD was also based on the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders.

Results

The inter-rater reliability was very good, as shown by κ ≥ 0.8 for all disorders examined: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, selective mutism, enuresis and encopresis. The criterion validity was good, as shown by κ ≥ 0.6 for all disorders examined, except for ASD (κ = 0.54). This study also revealed good construct validity of the instrument by confirming the expected associations with each scale from the Social Responsiveness Scale-2nd edition and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the K-SADS-PL for DSM-5 generates valid diagnoses in child and adolescent psychiatry.
New Insights into Mammalian Sex Chromosome Structure and Evolution from High-quality Bovine X and Y Chromosome Sequences
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Low Wai Yee , Tearle Rick , Koren Sergey , Ghurye Jay , Rhie Arang , Phillippy Adam M. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Bickhart Derek M. , Smith Timothy P.L. , Hiendleder Stefan , Williams John Lewis
Published: August 2019

Background

Mammalian X chromosomes are mainly euchromatic with a similar size and structure among species whereas Y chromosomes are smaller, have undergone substantial evolutionary changes and accumulated male specific genes and genes involved in sex determination. The PAR is conserved on the X and Y and pair during meiosis. The structure, evolution and function of mammalian sex chromosomes is still poorly understood because few species have high quality sex chromosome assemblies.

Results

Here we report the first bovine sex chromosome assemblies that include the complete pseudoautosomal region (PAR) spanning 6.84 Mb and three Y chromosome X-degenerate (X-d) regions. We show that the ruminant PAR comprises 31 genes and is similar to the PAR of pig and dog but extends further than those of human and horse. Differences in the pseudoautosomal boundaries are consistent with evolutionary divergence times.

Conclusions

A bovidae-specific expansion of members of the lipocalin gene family in the PAR may reflect immune-modulation and anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to parasite resistance in ruminants. Comparison of the X-d regions of Y chromosomes across species reveal five conserved X-Y gametologs, which are global regulators of gene activity, and may have a fundamental role in mammalian sexual dimorphism.
Peer education for HIV prevention among high-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Jiayu , Wang Ying , Du Zhicheng , He Na , Hao Yuantao
Published: August 2019

Background

Peer education has become a strategy for health promotion among HIV groups at high-risk worldwide. However, the quantitative effect and its duration of peer education on preventing HIV is still unknown.Method

A systematic review and meta-analysis was adopted to assess the effects and its duration of peer education, following the PRISMA guidelines. A thorough literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library was performed, and studies about peer education on HIV high-risk groups were reviewed. Pooled effects were calculated and the heterogeneity source were explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis.Results

A total of 60 articles with 96484 subjects were identified, and peer education was associated with 36% decreased rates of HIV infection among high risk groups overall (OR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47-0.87). Peer education can promote HIV testing (OR=3.19; 95%CI:2.13,4.79) better than condom use (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 2.11-3.36) and can reduce equipment sharing (OR=0.50; 95%CI:0.33,0.75) better than unprotected sex (OR=0.82; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94). Time trend analysis showed a persistent effect of peer education and the different follow-up time was a source of heterogeneity.Conclusion

Peer education is persistently effective for changing behaviors among high-risk groups worldwide, especially for the behaviors of HIV testing and equipment sharing. Low and middle income countries are encouraged to conduct peer education at a large scale.
Increased STIP1 and Hsp90 correlate with progression and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Youwen , Wang Junye , Ye Shucheng , Guo Maoqing , Jiang Shenghua , Li Wei
Published: August 2019

Background: Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have been found to be correlated with malignant tumors. The aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between their expressions and lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).
Methods: The expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 in LAC cells and tissues were tested by immunohistochemistry and western blot; the correlation between their expressions and clinicopathological parameters of LAC was analyzed by survival analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Results: Expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 were higher in A549 cells and LAC tissues than that in 16 human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells) (P < 0.05) and adjacent normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of STIP1 and Hsp90 in LAC showed a strong positive correlation (P < 0.05) and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), advanced clinical stage (P < 0.05) and shorter survival (P < 0.05) of LAC.
Conclusions: Increased expressions of STIP1 and Hsp90 were closely related to malignant biological behavior of LAC, suggesting that they could be used as potential biomarkers and prognostic indicators for LAC.
Substance P enhances the local activation of NK1R-expressing c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells in right atrium of ischemia/reperfusion-injured heart
Authors: Jeong YunMi , Cheng Xian Wu , Lee KyungHye , LEE SORA , Cho Haneul , Kim Weon
Published: August 2019

Background: Localization of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), the endogenous receptor for neuropeptide substance P (SP), has already been described for the right atrium (RA) of the heart. However, the biological role of SP/NK1R signal pathways in the RA remains unclear. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=22 each); subjected to sham, ischemia/reperfusion-injury (I/R), I/R with 5 nmole/kg SP injection (SP+I/R), and SP+I/R with 1 mg/kg RP67580 injection (RP, a selective non-peptide tachykinin NK1R antagonist) (RP/SP+I/R). The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 40 min followed by 1 day reperfusion with SP or SP+RP or without either. After 1 day, both atria and ventricles as well as the heart apexes were collected. Results: SP promoted the expression of c-Kit, GATA4, Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 in only the RA of the SP+I/R rats via NK1R activation. In agreement with these observations, NK1R-expressing c-Kit+ Nkx2.5+GATA4+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in the ex vivo RA explant outgrowth assay markedly migrated out from RA1 day SP+I/R approximately 2-fold increase more than RA1 day I/R. Treatment of SP promoted proliferation, migration, cardiosphere formation, and potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Using RP inhibitor, NK1R antagonist not only inhibited cell proliferation and migration but also reduced the formation of cardiosphere and differentiation of c-Kit+ CPCs Conclusion: SP/NK1R might play a role as a key mediator involved in the cellular response to c-Kit+ CPC expansion in RA of the heart within 24 h after I/R.
Size of bone flap in decompressive craniectomy: an analysis of complications and prognosis in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Xu Min , Luo Yu , Yi Pan , Wang Cunzu
Published: August 2019

Objective: To investigate association of size of bone flap with common complications and prognosis in traumatic brain injury. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 108 TBI patients of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from January 2018 to March 2019. Patients’ gender, age, Glasgow Coma Scale at admisson, pupils reactivity to the light, size of bone flap, types of craniocerebral injuries and injury locations were recorded. Prognostic indicators including changes in hematoma volume and neurological status were extracted. Statistical methods were conducted to evaluate drug efficacy. Prognostic indicators including Glasgow Outcome Scale scores at discharge and GOS scores of 6 months after operation were extracted to evaluate surgical effcacy.Results : Postoperative complications such as encephalocele and subdural effusion were significantly associated with size of bone flap ( P <0.05). The incidence of encephalocele and SE increased with bone flap size in bone flap groups. Age, GCS at admisson, pupils reactivity to the light, and size of bone flap were shown significantly differences between prognosis groups ( P <0.05). By binary logistic regression, Age, pupils reactivity to the light, and the size of bone flap showed statistical significance ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Size of bone flap in decompressive craniectomy is a dependent factor to prognosis. Avoiding oversize craniectomy may bring less complications and positive prognosis.
Segmenting OCT for Detecting Drug Efficacy in CRAO
Authors: Shearer Thomas Robert , Hwang Thomas S , Steinkamp Peter N , Azuma Mitsuyoshi
Published: August 2019

Thinning of the inner layers of the retina occurs in patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). The mechanism for such thinning may be partially due to proteolysis by a calcium-activated protease called calpain. Calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 ameliorated the proteolysis in a past series of model experiments. The purposes of the present retrospective study were to: 1) use segmentation analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to mathematically model the loss of specific retinal layers in CRAO patients, and 2) predict the number of patients and days of observation needed for clinical trials of SNJ-1945 inhibitor against CRAO.
Supercapsular percutaneously-assisted total hip (SuperPath) versus posterolateral total hip arthroplasty in bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a pilot clinical trial
Authors: Meng Weikun , Huang Zhong , Wang Haoyang , Wang Duan , Luo Zeyu , Bai Yang , Gao Liang , Wang Guanglin , Zhou Zongke
Published: August 2019

Background: The supercapsular percutaneously-assisted total hip arthroplasty (SuperPath) was proposed to be minimally invasive and tissue sparing with possible superior postoperative outcomes to traditional approaches of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Here, we compared the short-term outcomes of staged THA with the SuperPath or through posterolateral approach (PLA) for bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods: Patients with bilateral late-stage ONFH were prospectively recruited from our department during March 2017 to March 2018. Staged bilateral THAs with one side SuperPath and the other side PLA were performed consecutively in the same patients with right and left hips alternating within groups. The average time interval between the staged THAs was 3 months. Perioperative status (operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, soft tissue damage, and length of hospital stay) and postoperative function (range of motion, pain, and hip function) were recorded and compared between the SuperPath and PLA groups within 12-month postoperatively. Results: Four male patients (age, 51.00 ± 4.54; BMI, 21.49 ± 1.73) with bilateral alcohol-induced ONFH (Ficat III/IV) were followed up over 12 months postoperatively. Compared with the PLA, the SuperPath yielded significantly shorter incision length (7.62 vs. 11.12 cm, P = 0.049), longer operation time (103.25 vs. 66.50 min, P = 0.034), more blood loss (1108.50 vs. 843.50 ml, P = 0.023), deficient acetabular cup positioning (abduction angle, 38.75° vs. 44.50°, P = 0.035), and inferior early-term hip function (Harris hip score, 72.50 vs. 83.25, P = 0.025) at 12-month postoperatively. However, soft tissue damage, length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, postoperative range of motion, and 12-month patient satisfaction were comparable between both groups. Conclusions: The SuperPath might not be truly minimal invasive with advantages over the PLA for total hip arthroplasty in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. More investigations are required to provide convincing favorable evidences of the SuperPath over other traditional THA approaches.
The association of circulating irisin with metabolic risk factors in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional community-based study
Authors: Tang Lizhi , Tong Yuzhen , Zhang Fang , Chen Guilin , Zhang Yun Cong , Jobin John , Tong Nanwei
Published: August 2019

Background

Irisin is a myokine that leads to increased energy expenditure by stimulating the browning of white adipose tissue. We aimed to investigate the association of serum irisin levels with metabolic parameters in middle aged Chinese population.Methods

The study was based on cross-sectional analysis of data from 524 nondiabetic subjects aged 40~65. All participants were recruited from a screening survey for Metabolic Syndrome in a community in Southwest China, including 294 subjects categorized as overweight (defined as BMI≧25 kg/m 2 ) and 230 subjects as normal control (defined as 18.5≦BMI<25 kg/m 2 ). Serum irisin concentration was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship of irisin with metabolic factors was determined by Pearson correlation. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the association of irisin with insulin resistance. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association of irisin with odds of overweight.Results

Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in nondiabetic overweight subjects compared with control (11.46±4.11vs14.78±7.03µg/mL, p=0.02). Circulating irisin was positively correlated with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI, r=0.178, p=0.045) and triglycerides (r=0.149, p=0.022); while irisin was negatively correlated with waist circumference (WC, r=-0.185, p=0.037), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, r=-0.176, p=0.047), fasting insulin (r=-0.2, p=0.024), serum creatinine (r=-0.243, p=0.006), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, r=-0.189, p=0.033). Multiple linear regression showed that irisin was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (β=-0.342±0.154, p=0.029). Higher irisin was associated with decreased odds of being overweight (OR=0.281, β=-1.271, p=0.024).Conclusions

We found that serum irisin levels were lower in overweight subjects. Moreover, serum irisin levels were inversely correlated with adverse metabolic parameters including WC, WHR, creatinine, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin, suggesting that irisin may play a role in obesity related insulin resistance.
Effect of Winter Canola Cultivar on Seed Yield, Oil, and Protein Content
Authors: Tetteh Edmund T. , de Koff Jason P. , Pokharel Bharat , Link Richard , Robbins Chris
Published: August 2019

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an oilseed crop that can produce healthy cooking oil and animal feed byproducts. Although it is a relatively new crop, approved for human consumption less than 40 yr ago, advances in breeding have allowed for its production as a winter crop in the southeastern United States. There is little published research, however, related to its performance and quality in this region. Therefore, a study was conducted during the 2014–2015 (Year 1) and 2015–2016 (Year 2) seasons in Tennessee. Twenty‐three varieties were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications across both years to determine seed yield, seed oil, and seed protein content. Differences in fertilizer application rates, planting, and harvest management and differences in weather conditions probably led to significant interactions between years. Cultivar yields ranged from 1269 to 2647 and 1494 to 4199 kg ha−1, seed oil content ranged from 44 to 48% and from 43 to 46%, and seed protein content ranged from 20 to 24% and from 19 to 23% for Years 1 and 2, respectively. In each year, open‐pollinated cultivars had significantly lower yield and oil content but significantly greater protein content than hybrid cultivars. There was also a strong negative correlation between seed oil and seed protein and the linear models were significant (r = 0.88, p < 0.0001 for Year 1; r = 0.85, p < 0.0001 for Year 2). Recommended winter canola cultivars include Exp1302 and Hekip.

Core Ideas

Little published research is available related to the performance of winter canola in the southeastern United States.

Yield, oil, and protein content were identified across 23 potential winter canola cultivars over 2 yr.

Significant linear relationships were observed between seed oil and protein content but not when compared with yield.
Unpredictable Nature of Environment on Nitrogen Supply and Demand
Authors: Raun William R. , Dhillon Jagmandeep , Aula Lawrence , Eickhoff Elizabeth , Weymeyer Gwen , Figueirdeo Bruno , Lynch Tyler , Omara Peter , Nambi Eva , Oyebiyi Fikayo , Fornah Alimamy
Published: August 2019

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy or randomness in a given system will increase with time. This is shown in science, where more and more biological processes have been found to be independent. Contemporary work has delineated the independence of yield potential (YP0) and nitrogen (N) response in cereal crop production. Each year, residual N in the soil following crop harvest is different. Yield levels change radically from year to year, a product of an ever‐changing and unpredictable/random environment. The contribution of residual soil N for next years’ growing crop randomly influences N response or the response index (RI). Consistent with the second law of thermodynamics, where it is understood that entropy increases with time and is irreversible, biological systems are expected to become increasingly random with time. Consequently, a range of different biological parameters will influence YP0 and RI in an unrelated manner. The unpredictable nature that environment has on N demand, and the unpredictable nature that environment has on final grain yield, dictate the need for independent estimation of multiple random variables that will be used in mid‐season biological algorithms of the future.

Core Ideas

Randomness in biological systems is increasing.

Many biological processes are independent.

Yield levels change from one year to the next.

Environments change over time and are random.

Optimum fertilizer nitrogen rates change dramatically from year to year.
Influence of news on rational decision making by financial market investors
Authors: Gowri B. Shantha , Seetha Ram Vedantam
Published: August 2019

The impact of news on individual investor decision is explicit as investors need to update, adapt and forecast returns with constraints of time, uncertainty and resources to be successful. The aim is to understand and review the influence of news on individual investor’s decision making in stock markets and identify the impact of different type of news on individual investor’s decision making in stock markets, assess the behavioral reaction and investment decisions made by investors before and after there is news item, identify the linking effect on behavioral theories and biases, develop a generalized decision making conceptual model to understand the impact of news on investor’s reaction, decision and its linkages along with the behavioral bias. Theoretical basis/methodology for processing of news by investors is assumed to be based on Broadbent’s filter theory (1958) and due to cognitive informational inefficiency of investors it assesses the attention and the investor’s reaction of overreaction and underreaction, which do not comply with efficient market hypothesis theory. The reasons for its noncompliance are found by relating it with behavioral theories. The results explain how investor screens with filters and give attention to news only when it affects their portfolio or investment objective and strategies. It is concluded that investor’s decision making depends on degree of information penetration, information content, information influence, specific internal factors and generic external and on investors prevailing at that given circumstances. This gives us the solution to comprehend the investor’s reaction, decision and unresolved reversals, short- and long-term overreaction.
A procedure for designing natural water retention measures in new development areas under hydraulic-hydrologic invariance constraints
Authors: Masseroni Daniele , Ercolani Giulia , Chiaradia Enrico Antonio , Gandolfi Claudio
Published: August 2019

In recent years, in Italy and elsewhere, regional regulations based on hydraulic-hydrologic invariance (HHI) principles have taken hold, especially for new development areas. Natural water retention measures (NWRMs) are among the most interesting options to provide the storage and infiltration capacities that are needed to achieve the HHI objectives. A procedure for the design of NWRMs in new development areas under HHI constraints is presented and is based on a simple combination of Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for determining rainfall excess and lag-time method for simulating runoff propagation. Three types of NWRMs can be considered: rain barrels, drainage wells and drainage trenches; five types of synthetic hyetographs can be selected and three different approaches for the determination of critical storm duration applied. The results obtained by applying the procedure in a new development area located in northern Italy are illustrated and some general conclusions are drawn. It clearly emerges that practitioners should pay particular attention to the correct determination of design storm duration in order to avoid large underestimations of NWRMs size. Moreover, different combinations of the three NWRMs can provide the required reduction of peak of runoff after the transformation, but it appears that drainage trenches are more effective with respect to harvesting systems in reducing the peak runoff value.
Is Pouch Specific to Colon and Not Ileum?
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Tiwari Pradeep , Gupta Nidhi , Nunia Vandana , Saxena Amulya K , Simlot Anita , Kothari Shanker Lal , Suravajhala Prashanth , Medicherla Krishna Mohan , Mathur Praveen
Published: August 2019

Background:

Congenital Pouch Colon (CPC) is an anorectal anomaly with an incidence of 3.5:1 in males and females, respectively. We have earlier reported CPC to be quite prevalent in north Indian tertiary care centers.

Objective:

n this article, we deliberate on the possible causes associated with CPC bringing the manifestation of the disease. In addition, we throw insights on the effective role of this congenital anomaly in Colon and provide systems genomic evaluation by comparing our recent analysis to that of Colon and Ileum based on Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) studies.

Conclusions:

In this commentary article, we argue that a host of epigenetic factors could be the reason why the disease is manifested in colon alone. We further hypothesize on the few unmet challenges linking epigenetics to understand the genetic variants.
Development and Evaluation of Bioresponsive Tablets of a Selective COX-2 Inhibitor for Colonic Delivery
Authors: Tambe Srushti , Desai Namita
Published: August 2019

Background:

We report the effectiveness of a targeted delivery system containing Meloxicam
using polysaccharides for the treatment of colorectal cancer. We also propose a novel biorelevant
dissolution method to overcome drawbacks of existing dissolution methodologies of polysaccharidebased
systems. The proposed method includes a mixture of probiotics cultured under anaerobic conditions
in the presence of prebiotic in the in vitro dissolution study to surrogate colonic conditions. Polysaccharide-
based system can be simple, safe and effective drug delivery system to target drugs to colon.

Methods:

Press-coated tablets of Meloxicam were prepared by direct compression using various polysaccharides,
such as xanthan gum, guar gum and pectin as coating polysaccharides. Developed tablets
were evaluated for physical parameters, lag phase and in vitro drug release. Developed probioticsbased
dissolution method was validated and explored for versatility using other polysaccharides.

Results:

Press-coated tablets of Meloxicam were successfully developed exhibiting targeted delivery to
the colon using guar gum as coat and releasing more than 80% of drug in simulated colonic fluid. The
developed probiotics based dissolution method may prove to be useful as a bio-relevant and discriminatory
method.

Conclusion:

Developed Meloxicam tablets press-coated with guar gum can be taken orally for treatment
or as an adjuvant therapy in colon cancer. Polymers used in this formulation are abundant, nontoxic,
biodegradable and inexpensive which make this a a very promising approach for the treatment of
different colonic diseases. The proposed biorelevant, animal sparing, probiotics based dissolution medium
was found to be versatile to study drug release from other polysaccharide based formulations for
colonic delivery.