bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF THE REYNOLDS NUMBER OF AIR FLOW TO THE PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF A FIBROUS FILTER MEDIUM WITH CYLINDRICAL SECTION
Authors: Kouropoulos George
Published: February 2023

At this study an attempt for the theoretical approach of the Reynolds number effect of air flow to the particle collection efficiency of a fibrous filter with cylindrical section will be made. Initially, a report of the air filtration models to fibrous filter media will be presented along with an explanation of both the parameters and the physical quantities which govern the air filtration process. Furthermore, the resulting equation from the mathematical model will be applied to a real filter medium and the characteristic curves of filter efficiency will be drawn. The change of a filter medium efficiency with regard to the Reynolds number of air flow that passes through the filter, derived from the curves, will be studied. The general conclusion that we have is that as the Reynolds number of filtered air increases, the collection efficiency of the filter decreases.
FINE STRUCTURE IN MANHATTAN’S DAYTIME URBAN HEAT ISLAND: A NEW DATASET
Authors: Vant-Hull Brian , Karimi Maryam , Sossa Awolou , Wisanto Jade , Nazari Rouzbeh , Khanbilvardi Reza
Published: February 2023

A street-level temperature and humidity dataset with high resolution spatial and temporal components has been created for the island of Manhattan, suitable for use by the urban health and modeling communities. It consists of a set of pedestrian measurements over the course of two summers converted into anomaly maps, and a set of ten light-post mounted installations measuring temperature, relative humidity, and illumination at three minute intervals over three months. The quality control and data reduction used to produce the anomaly maps is described, and the relationships between spatial and temporal variability are investigated. The data sets are available for download via the project website.
STATISTICAL APPROACHES VERSUS WEATHER GENERATOR TO DOWNSCALE RCM OUTPUTS TO POINT SCALE: A COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES
Authors: Villani Veronica , Rianna Guido , Mercogliano Paola , Zollo Alessandra Lucia , Schiano Pasquale
Published: February 2023

To properly evaluate weather variables regulating the occurrence of geo-hydrological hazards, the current constraints of climate models imply the need of adopting statistical approaches in cascade to GCM/RCM for the assessment of the potential variations associated to climate changes.

Since, in the last years, several approaches, often freely available, have been proposed and applied to investigate various hazards in different geographical areas and geomorphological contexts, a deeper understanding about their performances and constraints is crucial; in the work, it is carried out focusing the attention on two kind of approaches widely adopted in impact studies: bias correction methods(in particular, quantile mapping tools) and weather generators. Both methodology have been applied to outputs of an high resolution RCM simulation carried out on Italian territory for analyzing two very localized (and then challenging) landslide case studies.

Beyond an assessment about relative performances in reproducing weather variables on the areas, the goal concerns an increasing awareness about how these approaches could affect the climate signal, physically detected by RCM, not only in outputs weather variables but also in derived components of soil surface budgets strictly governing the occurrence of landslide phenomena.
PASSENGERS’ ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCE TOWARDS METRO-BUS SERVICE IN LAHORE
Authors: Javid Muhammad Ashraf , Abdullah Shree , Hashmi Asad Iqbal , Akbar Muhammad Uzair , Ullah Muhammad Ghazanfar
Published: February 2023

The existence of a good quality public transport system is considered as the backbone of transportation infrastructure in densely populated cities. The people’s intentions to use a public transport system are influenced by how they perceive the service quality dimensions. Metro-bus service in Lahore was started in 2013 in order to provide state of the art public transport system to the people. To ensure its success and sustainability it is essential to make improvements in its service quality seeking the perceptions of its current users and potential users. Therefore, this study aims to assess the passenger’s attitudes towards service quality attributes of metro-bus using results of a questionnaire survey and make suggestions for its future potential. An objective oriented questionnaire was designed and conducted at selected locations and total collected samples were 328. Analysis of results revealed that users have positive attitudes with most of the service quality attributes. Reliability, friendliness and instrumental dimensions of service quality are significant in determining the passenger’s preference towards metro-bus service. Gender, vehicle ownership and characteristics of access mode are also having significant influence in this aspect. These findings would be helpful in making appropriate policies regarding improvements in service quality of metro-bus.
PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MUSTARD SEED AND ITS ADSORPTION EFFICIENCY TOWARDS DYE AND ACID
Authors: Basrur Deepa , Bhat J. Ishwara
Published: February 2023

In this work, activated carbon obtained from agro- based material, mustard seeds were used as an adsorbent for the adsorption study of crystal violet (CV) and citric acid (CA). The characterization of synthesised carbon material was performed by various techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, TGA and XRD. FTIR absorption bands of activated carbon exhibited the presence of functional groups on the surface of activated carbon and SEM images showed the impregnation of the pores on the surface of the synthesised activated carbon. Adsorption experiments were conducted to study its capacity as an adsorbent, under various conditions such as concentration, agitation time and temperature. The data acquired from concentration variation found to fit well with Freundlich isotherm. It was shown that the adsorption of dye and acid were better described by the second order kinetic model. Positive values of ΔHo indicated that the process is endothermic and negative values of ΔGo confirmed feasibility of the system. The results showed that microwave activated carbon was more effective for the removal of crystal violet.
CERAMIC WASTE REUSABILITY: EFFECT OF AGGREGATE GRAIN SIZE AND MIX RATIO ON LIGHTWEIGHT DENSE MASONRY UNIT PRODUCTION
Authors: Ajayi-Banji Ademola Ayodeji , Jenyo D. A. , Bello Jubril , Adegbile M. A.
Published: February 2023

Ceramic ware waste generation is becoming a global concern because of the increasing volume, hazardous nature, limited reusability, and poor waste management practices. This study examined the feasibility and efficacy of the inclusion of this waste as complementary aggregate in solid masonry unit production with bias interest on the compressive strength and water absorbability. Three particle sizes (1.4, 1.7, and 2.0 mm) of crushed ceramic ware waste were blended with natural fine aggregate under three different mix ratios (10, 20, and 30%) to produce the masonry units cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days prior to compressive tests analysis. Afterwards, some of the categories cured for 28-days were subjected to water absorption test. Morphology and elemental composition of the aggregates were also inspected using SEM-EDM machine. Also investigated were some of the aggregates’ physical properties. Results indicated that most of the waste-modified solid masonry units not only had water absorption capacity within required standard. The values were equally lower than the unmodified dense block (control) by 27 - 50%. Of the eighteen different categories produced, all M20T14, M20T21, and M30T28 modified dense masonry unit series with P1.7 (1.7 mm) and P2.0 (2.0 mm) particle sizes had high crushing force, compressive strength, and modulus range, which were 57 - 70 kN, 57 - 61 kN, 59 - 76 kN; 5.1 - 5.2 MPa, 5.1 - 5.5 MPa, 5.3 – 6.8 MPa; and 400 – 441 MPa, 411 – 419 MPa, 468 – 480 MPa respectively. Hence, modified masonry units with particle sizes P1.7 and P2.0 under the M20T14, M20T21, and M30T28 series are suitable masonry units for non-loading construction purposes. Interestingly, modified masonry unit (M30P2.0T7) cured under 7 days could also fit into this category. Hence, utilization of ceramic ware waste as co-aggregate in dense masonry units with M20 and M30 series production were established in this study for non-loading construction purposes
IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ON USER BEHAVIORS IN URBAN DISTRICT PARK
Authors: Thinh Do Duy , Xuan Nguyen Van , Giang Nguyen Ngoc Long
Published: February 2023

Urban open spaces (e.g. urban parks) play a pivotal role in improving the quality of life of city dwellers through accommodating various physical and social activities, while further creating social coherence for sustainable development. Due to the shortage of open green spaces in the city, caused by rapid urbanization in developing countries, some big, long-standing urban public spaces such as district parks have been retained, and improved to serve as the main public space for local people. However, such spaces commonly provide outdated, low quality facilities that discourage people from using the park. To satisfy users’ needs, local governments have launched campaigns to improve parks based on the ideas of domestic or foreign designers. The purpose of this research is to explore different behaviors of residents in an open space in Da Nang (Vietnam) which can support the future development and improvement of local open space in accordance with environmental behavior theory. User behaviors were identified and categorized based on their activities in the open space, collected using the place-centered behavior mapping method. Results of the statistical analysis revealed that this open space could be divided into three types, each of which had four dimensions: public facilities setting; openness; accessibility; and recreational facilities. The findings showed some aspects that need to be considered during the development process of open space as follows: 1) increasing the quantity and quality of public amenities; 2) separating accessible space and/or buffer space from already used space inside the park, particularly in the entrance zone; 3) providing space adjacent to the lake; and 4) removing obstacles (e.g. walls around the park) to give a clearer view from inside the park to the streets outside and vice versa. Also, the calculation model of evidence-based designs provides input data for re-planning or creating public space/parks to help designers, planners and authorities improve or design better open spaces in the future.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH TREND OF USING DSAS TOOL FOR SHORELINE CHANGE ANALYSIS: A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Mishra Manoranjan , Sudarsan Desul , Kar Dipika , Naik Arun Kumar , Das Prabhu Prasad , Santos Celso A. G. , Silva Richarde Marques
Published: February 2023

The sensitivity of research on shoreline monitoring of coastal erosion is justified due to high density population, climate changes impacts, and intensified development, which are squeezing the ecosystem of coastal zones around the world. The budding fields of optical remote sensing such source medium and high-resolution satellite imagery in conjunction with avenue programming of Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) are widely used extended tools for analyzing the rate of coastal erosion and deposition. Although, there is a geometric growth in the research published documents in the last decades after the start of DSAS in 1990, but its broad insight into global peer groups, its scientometrics, pattern and trends in research activities in monitoring coastal erosion or shoreline change is missing. To breach this gap, 99 bibliographic records published in the Web of Science core collection for the period of 1994–2019 were analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Further, the analysis about global insight of research activities using DSAS in shoreline change analysis focused on (i) general scientometric characteristics of published output, (ii) experts in research themes and their cooperation, (iii) publishable journal list, (iv) institutional distribution and international collaboration, and (v) potential hotspot areas. This systematic analysis of the theme, graphically using rigorous scientmetric tools, will help coastal researchers to visualize the current research trends and prospective guideline for future research. The output of the present study will provide a robust road map to early carrier researchers for their advance inquiry in these fields in coming days.
MICROCLIMATIC VARIABLES ANALYSIS FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM-SIZED BRAZILIAN TROPICAL CITIES USING MOBILE TRANSECT
Authors: Candido Cristiane Rossatto , Garcez da Luz Emília , Aidie Rossi Francine , Carlos Machado Sanches João
Published: February 2023

Due to fast urbanization, cities have grown with little or no urban planning and this has caused several problems to these environments, such as changes of urban microclimatic variables. This research aims to evaluate the changes in urban areas most affected from a microclimatic perspective, caused by changes in land use and occupation in recent years. Field research and data treatment were carried out, and it was observed the intensification of microclimatic changes in the city center, as well as in the West and Southwest areas of the urban tissue, due to significant changes in the urban structure, such as the urban intervention carried out on the Tarumãs Avenue along with intensification of traffic and urban density in these regions. The methodology used has also proved to be effective for monitoring climate changes over time in small and medium-sized cities with accelerated growth.
CLIMATE MAPPING AND URBAN PLANNING: TECHNICAL AND COMMUNITY READING IN CÁCERES-MT, BRAZIL
Authors: Carolina Vicentim Batista Ribeiro Ana , Carlos Machado Sanches João , Mansuelo Alves Domingos Renata , Lalesca Aparecida da Guarda Emeli , Fernanda Toledo Borges Erika
Published: February 2023

Due to the accelerated urbanization process, Brazilian cities grow with little or no urban planning, and when it is present, climate issues are generally not considered, especially in small and medium-sized cities. Thus, the present research had as objective to evaluate a method of application of climatic knowledge throughout the process of revision of the Municipal Master Plan of Cáceres-MT. The methodology used to evaluate climatic variables is based on data provided by INMET and mobile transect measurements within the urban perimeter. Through this, it was possible to know the behavior of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction during the dry season and also over the years. Thus, through mobile transect measurements, a temperature difference between the analyzed points of 1.2ºC in the morning period and 1.9ºC in the afternoon and evening periods could be observed. As for humidity, a difference of 10% was observed in the morning period and 9% in the afternoon and evening periods. Therefore, through the phases of the Master Plan (diagnosis, prognosis and public management), proposals have been prepared to mitigate the identified harmful effects of the most affected areas in relation to the climate, and thus, contribute to the review process of the Municipal Master Plan of Cáceres-MT with climatic knowledge.
Functional and organic psychosis: Overlap or distinct phenomenon
Authors: Sreelatha P. , Manickyam M.
Published: February 2023

Organic and nonorganic/functional psychosis present with unique symptoms which can propel in differentiating these entities. Not always the distinction is clear-cut which poses challenges with the treatment approach to ensure that the patient responds to the medication. We are presenting a case with initial evidence suggestive of organic causation. On revaluation of the case, as no further pointers towards as organic basis was found. Futher management of case as functional psychosis showed clinical and functional improvement. This case report highlights the blurring of the distinction between organic and functional etiologies of psychosis.
Histologic evaluation of dentin bridge formation by pachymic acid and biodentine in human tooth culture model
Authors: Khazane Manish Kumar , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Vidhya Sampath
Published: February 2023

Aim:

Pachymic acid (PA) has been shown to induce reparative dentinogenesis at the cellular level. The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate reparative dentin (RD) formation by Biodentine (BIO) and PA when used as pulp capping agents in entire human tooth culture models under in vitro conditions.

Materials and Methods:

Forty human maxillary and mandibular premolar or third molar teeth with immature root apices were included in the study. The specimens were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 20) based on the pulp capping material used. In a tooth culture model set up, pulp (approximately 1 mm2) was intentionally exposed and capped respectively with BIO (Group I) or PA (Group II). The capping material was overlaid with a 2 mm thick layer of light cure glass ionomer cement, followed by resin composite restoration. The samples were cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C for 45 days, with the culture media being replenished every day. At the end of the incubation period, the samples from both the groups were removed from the model and taken up for histological analysis.

Results:

PA formed significantly less uniform and less thicker dentin bridge compared to BIO. A mild inflammatory response was seen in PA treated samples. A more uniform odontoblast layer was seen in samples treated with BIO.

Conclusion:

Though PA has the potential to initiate RD formation, BIO proved to be a superior pulp capping material.
Comparative evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate, endoseal, and biodentine in furcation perforation repair
Authors: Baralay Udita Khare , Raghavendra Srinidhi Surya
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

The aim of this study is a comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, pozzolan-based Endoseal MTA, and Biodentine when used as sealing materials for furcation perforation. This was done with a bacterial leakage model.

Materials and Method:

Sixty-four permanent mandibular molars were selected and horizontally sectioned at middle third of the root. Cavities of 2 mm depth were prepared at the root ends. Access cavities were prepared, and the canal orifices and the root end cavities were restored with light cured resin. Perforations of diameter 1.6 mm were created in the center of the pulpal floor using a round bur in a low-speed handpiece. The teeth were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 20). The perforation sites in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were repaired with MTA Angelus, EndoSeal MTA, and Biodentine, respectively. The teeth were inserted individually in an Eppendorf vial which was then placed in a McCartney's bottle containing nutrient broth. The reservoirs were filled with 0.5 ml of Enterococcus faecalis. The system was incubated at 37°C and checked for appearance of turbidity in the nutrient broth for 30 days, and these findings were noted. Level of significance was fixed at P = 0.05, and statistical analysis was done with Chi-square analysis using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:

In the time interval of 30 days, all the materials showed contamination to varying degrees (MTA Angelus 8/20 samples, Endoseal MTA 10/20 samples, and Biodentine 7/20 samples). There was no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

MTA Angelus, Endoseal MTA, and Biodentine showed contamination in a 30-day incubation period when used as furcation perforation seal materials.
Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of sequential rotary, single rotary, and single reciprocating file systems in simulated curved canals using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Selvan P Senthamil , Aparajitha R V , Ahamed A Shafie , Bhavani S , Rajaraman G
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare canal transportation (CT) and centering ability (CA) between sequential rotary, single rotary, and single reciprocating file systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in simulated curved canals.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty curved root canals simulated in clear resin blocks were divided randomly into three groups – Group I – ProTaper Gold–PTG (Sequential continuous rotation), Group II – One Curve-OC (Single-file continuous rotation), and Group III – WaveOne GOLD-WOGs (Single-file reciprocating motion) Ten samples of each group were positioned in a custom-made dental stone holder and subjected to CBCT scanning with 5 samples at a time at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm from the apical end before and after instrumentation. The canals were subjected to instrumentation using the files according to the group allotted. The files were used as recommended by the manufacturer and subjected to CBCT scanning. The values of CT and CA were obtained using the formula given by Gambill et al., and statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

The results showed that within the groups, all groups showed higher mean values of CT and lower CA in apical level followed by middle and coronal level, respectively, and between the groups, the least CT and highest CA exhibited in WOG followed by OC and PTG, respectively.

Conclusion:

The least CT and highest CA exhibited in WOG (Single-file reciprocation system) followed by OC (Single-file continuous rotation) and PTG (Sequential file system with continuous rotation), respectively.
Immunomodulation in Sepsis-Induced Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Children
Authors: Kumar Ashna , Choudhari Priyanka , Maheshwari Anu , Ackshya R. , Mahto Deonath
Published: February 2023

Background:

Sepsis is a state of systemic inflammation due to an infectious etiology that may lead to multisystem dysfunction, hemodynamic instability, and even death. It has been postulated that there may be an underlying immunomodulatory process resulting from rapid and exaggerated activation of macrophages that results in a cytokine storm and the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Adding immunomodulation to standard therapy (antibiotics and supportive care) can improve the prognosis.

Clinical Description:

We present a series of three young children who presented with the clinical features of sepsis. All three showed poor clinical response to management with timely antibiotics and supportive care, even after 48–72 h of initiation. In addition, there was the development of thrombocytopenia and transaminitis. The suspicion of MAS prompted us to order ferritin, triglyceride, and fibrinogen levels and applies the 2016 diagnostic criteria for MAS. These were satisfied, thus establishing the diagnosis.

Management:

In all three cases, immunomodulatory agents (intravenous immunoglobulin with or without pulses of methylprednisolone) were added, after which there was a clinical improvement, normalization of biomarkers, and complete recovery.

Conclusion:

Early immunomodulatory therapy, in addition to antibiotics, is beneficial in the successful treatment of children presenting with sepsis-induced MAS, thus preventing further morbidity and mortality and improving outcomes.
Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Authors: Mehta Charul R. , Verma Aashna , Bansal Shashank
Published: February 2023

Background:

Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is an uncommon disorder affecting the central nervous system and associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders. It has myriad manifestations. Although most commonly seen with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, it has also been reported with Graves' disease. As it has no pathognomonic features (apart from response to steroids), it is a diagnosis of exclusion, and can be very challenging for the clinician.

Clinical Description:

An 11-year-old girl presented with a fever and altered sensorium for a few hours. In-depth history was unable to identify any significant history apart from recent weight loss. Salient examination findings were severe thinness, tachycardia, an enlarged thyroid gland, and altered sensorium, but the absence of neurological deficit, meningeal involvement, and increased intracranial tension. The clinical phenotype was acute encephalitis syndrome. Investigations ruled out biomarkers of infection, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, dyselectrolytemia, uremia, hepatic dysfunction, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Neuroimaging was normal. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities were lymphocytosis, high protein, and normal glucose. A thyroid function test identified hyperthyroidism. Doppler ultrasonography revealed a diffusely enlarged and hypervascular thyroid gland. Thyrotropin-receptor antibodies were elevated (>10 IU/L). The final diagnosis was EAATD secondary to Graves' disease.

Management and Outcome:

Intravenous methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day), antithyroid drugs, and beta-blockers were started, on which she showed rapid and marked improvement.

Conclusions:

A detailed history, diligent clinical examination, and rational systemic approach needs to be undertaken to establish a diagnosis of EAATD.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Presenting as Afebrile Encephalopathy
Authors: Kharod Prarthana , Mishra Devendra , Chawla Deepti , Pandey Anurag , Juneja Monica
Published: February 2023

Background:

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder with a range of physical manifestations that require regular evaluation, surveillance, and management. Central nervous system manifestations are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in TSC patients. Encephalopathy, which may be due to multiple etiologies, maybe seen sometimes in these patients.

Clinical Description:

We are sharing a series of three cases, presenting to us within a 6-month period with encephalopathy, who were admitted and treated by us. Etiologies were identified in all three cases with variable spectrum from nonconvulsive status epilepticus to autistic regression to valproate-associated hyperammonemia.

Management:

All three patients admitted with us were treated as per clinical guidelines for respective etiologies. All patients respond well to treatment and were discharged and are under regular follow-up.

Conclusion:

There are various etiologies for encephalopathy in a child with TSC. Therefore, thorough history, examination, and investigations should be carried out in every child with TSC to find out the likely cause of encephalopathy, and treatment should be initiated according to the underlying cause.
Perception of herbs use in treating diabetes among patients attending specialized polyclinics of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah
Authors: Alzahrani Mahmoud A. , Alsiary Khulood A. , Khan Muhammad A. , Bushnaq Adeeb , Alzahrani Bassam , Salama Marwan , Alamri Nawaf S.
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Diabetes mellitus represents a major burden globally and locally. Some diabetic patients may resort to the use of herbal medicine as another approach to control their blood glucose levels. This study aims to assess the prevalence and the perception of diabetic patients toward the usage of herbs in treating diabetes.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a specialized polyclinic of the primary health care center in the National Guard hospital located in Jeddah. The questionnaire was interviewer-administered and a total of 196 diabetic patients were interviewed.

Results:

Of 196 patients interviewed, most (59.7%) have used herbs to treat diabetes. Cinnamon, garlic, fenugreek, and moringa were the most common herbs used by diabetic patients. Many herbal users (49.9%) reported that herbs can play a role in decreasing blood glucose levels and (48%) of herbal users prefer the use of herbs over conventional medicine in treating diabetes. Most diabetic patients (37.3%) gained their knowledge about herbs through media and the experiences of other diabetic patients and we found that the reason to use herbs the majority was to reap the benefits of the herbs (48.7%) or because of herbs on controlling diabetes and reducing diabetic complications (30.7%).

Conclusion:

This study concluded that herbs are commonly used among diabetic patients and the majority of patients perceive herbs as a cofactor in controlling diabetes.
Impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the health status of young female adults from India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Silwal Karishma , Kodali Prakash Babu , Sharma Hemanshu , Tewani Gulab Rai , Nair Pradeep M. K.
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

Reports suggest that females experience more adverse events post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination compared to males. However, no gender-specific data on the impact of vaccines on the Indian population are available. The present study was intended to understand the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the health status of young Indian female adults and to identify the factors associated with experiencing adverse events post-vaccination.

Methods:

A web-based survey was conducted among 433 young female adults who have taken at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The prevalence and duration of systemic and generalized symptoms were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The factors associated with symptoms post-vaccination were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

Of the 404 surveys returned (93.3%), 371 respondents have received both vaccine doses. COVISHIELD™ was the vaccine of choice among 73% of respondents and nearly 91% of the respondents reported a re-infection post-vaccination. At least one form of the symptom as a side effect of vaccination was experienced by 88.4% (n = 357) of the participants. This included generalized symptoms (77.5%) followed by musculoskeletal (53.2%), localized (38.9%), psychological (35.1%), gastrointestinal (25.5%), gynecological (24%), and endocrine symptoms (22.5%). Presence of chronic ailments was significantly associated with experiencing localized symptoms (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.25-3.91), psychological symptoms (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.34-4.34), neurological symptoms (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.38-6.46), gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 4.76, 95% CI 2.59-8.75), respiratory symptoms (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.29-4.67), endocrine symptoms (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.58-5.38), and gynecological symptoms (OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.21-7.44). Older than 21 years was significantly associated with the experience of gynecologic symptoms (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.24-3.64). Not being re-infected post-vaccination has lower odds of experiencing psychological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion:

Our result suggests serious planning and counseling are warranted while disseminating COVID-19 vaccination among young female adults especially those with comorbidities to foster trust and coverage.
Barriers of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending primary health-care centers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gohal Gassem , Mustafa Mai , Al-Makramani Ali A. A. , Ahmed Amani A. , Salih Sarah M. , Abdelmola Amani O. , Elsharief Mohamed W.
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) describes infants who were only breastfed for 6 months. Many Saudi mothers have suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Therefore, this study aims to assess breastfeeding knowledge and determine barriers to EBF among mothers attending primary health care centers in Jazan City.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was done that included all mothers attending the PHC centers. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

Most study participants understand breastfeeding’s health benefits for babies and mothers, but most believe that synthetic milk is the best alternative for working mothers to feed their babies. A percentage of 66.7 of mothers practiced breastfeeding during the first 6 months of the child’s life. EBF shows a significant relationship with knowledge and barriers. Sixty percent of mothers have never had any information about breastfeeding; the primary source was from their mothers and only 31.4% from hospital staff. Most respondents disagreed with statements of barriers to EBF, which elicits an unexpected response.

Conclusions:

Most participants have good knowledge concerning breastfeeding benefits for both mother and infant and disagreed on the mentioned barriers for EBF that include lack of breastmilk, deficiency of information, and working conditions.
Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Datta Ananda , Goud Srikanth M , Mohapatra Prasanta Raghab
Published: February 2023

A 37-year-old male presented with left-sided hydropneumothorax. After drainage of fluid and air from the pleural cavity, chest radiograph and computed tomography of chest showed characteristic radiological image of ruptured hydatid cyst. The diagnosis was supported by positive echinococcal serology.
О порождении $n$-квазигрупп с помощью правильных семейств функций
Authors: Galatenko Alexei Vladimirovich , Nosov Valentin Aleksandrovich , Pankratiev Anton Evgen'evich , Tsaregorodtsev Kirill Denisovich
Published: February 2023

Конечные квазигруппы и $n$-квазигруппы являются перспективной платформой для реализации криптоалгоритмов. Одна из актуальных задач заключается в эффективном по памяти порождении широких классов $n$-квазигрупп большого порядка. В работе предлагается возможный подход к решению этой задачи, основанный на правильных семействах функций, показано, что число порождаемых $n$-квазигрупп оценивается снизу функцией от мощности образа соответствующего правильного семейства, исследуются возможные значения мощности образа, и приведены два примера квадратичных правильных семейств булевых функций с большой мощностью образа.
О соотношениях между активностью схем из функциональных элементов и положительной чувствительностью функций алгебры логики
Authors: Mestetskiy Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Shupletsov Mikhail Sergeevich
Published: February 2023

Рассматривается связь между нижними оценками статической активности $E(\Sigma)$ и динамической активности $S(\Sigma)$ приведенной схемы из функциональных элементов $\Sigma$ и положительной чувствительностью $\operatorname{ps}(f)$ функции алгебры логики $f$, реализуемой данной схемой. Для достаточно широкого класса базисов, состоящих из монотонных функций алгебры логики от не более чем $m$ переменных, элемента отрицания и булевских констант $0$ и $1$, доказана нижняя оценка $E(\Sigma)\geqslant \lfloor\frac{\operatorname{ps}(f)-1}{m}\rfloor$. Для динамической активности схем построен контрпример, показывающий, что для стандартного базиса из элементов дизъюнкции, конъюнкции и отрицания не существует линейной по $\operatorname{ps}(f)$ нижней оценки динамической активности.
Неравенство Бернштейна-Сегe для производной Рисса тригонометрических полиномов в пространствах $L_p$, $0\leqslant p\leqslant\infty$, с классическим значением точной константы
Authors: Leont'eva Anastasiya Olegovna
Published: February 2023

Рассматривается неравенство Бернштейна-Сегe для производной Вейля вещественного порядка $\alpha\geqslant 0$ тригонометрических полиномов порядка $n$. Изучается вопрос о том, при каких значениях параметров точная константа в этом неравенстве принимает классическое значение $n^\alpha$ во всех $L_p$, $0\le p\leqslant\infty$. Для важных частных случаев производной Вейля-Сегe, а именно производной Рисса и сопряженной производной Рисса, при каждом $n\in\mathbb N$ точно описано множество таких значений $\alpha$.
Библиография: 22 названия.
Lange, Friedrich Albert (1828–75)
Authors: Russo Krauss Chiara
Published: February 2023

The German philosopher Friedrich Albert Lange was a pivotal figure in the nineteenth century, due to the publication of the extremely influential History of Materialism (1866). In his book, Lange proposed a compelling reconstruction of the development of materialism, from ancient Greece to the modern Materialismusstreit (controversy on materialism), which revolved around the possibility to reduce mental activity to physiological processes. Despite acknowledging the merits of materialism for the advancement of science and the overcoming of metaphysics, Lange championed a recovery of Kant’s theory of knowledge, where the transcendental forms were to be established on the physiological organisation of human beings, although not being reducible to it. Thus, Lange became one of the main representatives of the physiological Neo-Kantianism that was typical of the mid-nineteenth century, and a point of reference for later Neo-Kantians of Marburg and Baden Schools.

Lange was also a political activist and theorist, who wanted to improve the condition of the working class by pursuing a socialist policy that differed both from democratic liberalism and the then rising Marxism. While he held that the former was not sincerely in the interest of the working class, he rejected the latter, believing that only constant progress, rather than revolutions, could obtain real improvements. Moreover, he was wary of Marx’s Hegelianism, preferring to establish his political ideas on scientific knowledge, such as Darwinism and Malthusianism.
Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903)
Authors: Offer John
Published: February 2023

Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) made a significant contribution to nineteenth-century thought through innovative conceptual enquiry, gaining recognition in his native England and across the world. He is chiefly remembered today for his classical liberalism, and for his theory of evolution, which presented the mechanisms and processes of (largely progressive) change as universal phenomena. Spencer’s applications of the theory influenced psychology, sociology, political thought, and ethics in particular.

Many of Spencer’s publications pre-dated Darwin’s Origin of Species of 1859, and its advocacy of ‘natural selection’ as a mechanism of the modification of species led to no major deviation in subsequent ones. The supposition that there were ideas and related ideological movements needing unification under the category of ‘social Darwinism’ in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is now questioned, while positioning Spencer within it, as is often done, is ill-judged, given his work’s intellectual content.
Taylor, Harriet (1807–58)
Authors: McCabe Helen
Published: February 2023

Harriet Taylor (1807–58) was a British philosopher and political reformer, most famous (to posterity) for marrying John Stuart Mill. Her best-known single-authored work is Enfranchisement of Women (1851), which argues for female suffrage. Mill counted her as his co-author on several key texts, beginning with involvement with core elements of Principles of Political Economy and culminating in complete and equal collaboration on On Liberty. Taylor was primarily concerned with questions of social reform, including women’s rights, recognising and ending domestic violence, and curtailing the coercive power of public opinion; economic reform, including towards socialism; and political reform, including extending the franchise. An early version of Mill’s famous ‘harm principle’ can be found in her manuscripts. She was also interested in ethics, developing a qualitative form of utilitarianism. She wrote passionately against injustice, oppression, intolerance, and inequality, and in favour of liberty, happiness, social justice, and women’s rights. She died in Avignon on 3 November 1858. Mill is buried in the same grave.
Naturphilosophie
Authors: Cooper Andrew
Published: February 2023

Naturphilosophie refers to a philosophical movement that began in Germany during the 1790s, characterised by a holistic, dynamic, and organic approach to the study of nature. The German term is conventionally left untranslated in English, for the most obvious rendering, ‘philosophy of nature’, fails to capture the ambitions evoked by the original. The proponents of Naturphilosophie, including Karl Friedrich Kielmeyer, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, F.W.J. von Schelling, and G.W.F. Hegel, attempted to supplant previous modes of philosophy by advancing a holistic conception of nature in which matter, the celestial system, organic bodies, and the mind feature within a single, self-organising process.

The core of Naturphilosophie can be defined by its distinctive metaphysical and epistemological commitments. In terms of metaphysics, its proponents were convinced that new research in magnetic, electrical, chemical, and biological phenomena could not be reduced to the mechanical interaction of particulate matter. They argued that natural science requires a new conception of nature in which the whole is prioritised over the parts. In terms of epistemology, proponents of Naturphilosophie argued that because nature is self-organising, it must be understood philosophically. This did not mean that empirical inquiry should be subordinate to philosophy but rather that experiments and observations should be interpreted speculatively, for the development of nature exhibits a rational structure.

Naturphilosophie fell out of favour during the mid-nineteenth century with the rise of a mechanistic and materialist movement in natural science. Yet significant currents of Naturphilosophie persisted throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and several aspects remain pertinent in contemporary philosophy.
The Bildung tradition
Authors: Herdt Jennifer A.
Published: February 2023

Bildung was a central concept in the ethical and aesthetic thought of many late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century German thinkers associated with Weimar classicism, romanticism, and idealism, notably Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), and Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834). As such, the Bildung tradition is not a philosophical school but rather a loosely bounded conversation over the cultural significance of Bildung. The term itself, which has no straightforward English translation, can mean ethical formation, development, education, or culture; it had roots both in ancient Greek notions of culture or paideia and in Christian understandings of human creation and re-formation in the image of God. Early on, Bildung is understood primarily as a process of development, taking place at the level of the individual, of whole cultures, and sometimes even of the world as such, in which diverse inner capacities, powers, and/or tendencies are fully realised by being brought into harmonious interrelation. Later, it is understood more often as a cultural product, associated with the bourgeois intelligentsia and their cultural capital. Initially bound up with growing aspirations to broadened political participation, Bildung comes in the late nineteenth century to be associated with political withdrawal by cultural elites. Bildung as a cultural ideal and aspiration is thematised and interrogated in the Bildungsroman, a subgenre of the novel epitomised by Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship but often seen as including classic coming-of-age novels beyond the German context, such as Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations or J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye. In the German-speaking world today, the term Bildung is simply synonymous with education and has ceased to carry a determinate philosophical meaning, although it is still broadly associated with the ideals of liberal arts education as championed by Wilhelm von Humboldt. To trace the Bildung tradition from beginning to end is to highlight the emergence, transformation, and ultimate chastening of cultural aspirations that were central to European modernity.
Nussbaum, Martha Craven (1947–)
Authors: van Zyl Liezl
Published: February 2023

A characteristic feature of Nussbaum’s work is the way in which she draws upon ancient Greek and Roman philosophy and literature to examine some of the most pressing ethical and political issues of our time. This strategy serves to emphasise a central belief that underlies her philosophy, namely that it is possible to discover universal and objective truths about morality, justice, and the human condition. One such truth concerns the fragility of human goodness, namely that matters beyond our control can affect our ability to live a good or flourishing life. This has important implications for justice, which Nussbaum explores in several of her works. Most notable is her claim that a just and decent political order must secure at least a threshold level of core capabilities for all its inhabitants. Despite her commitment to ethical universalism Nussbaum rejects attempts to capture moral truths as a set of abstract moral principles. Instead, she argues that we should pay attention to the complexity of human life and the diversity of human experience. In particular, she claims that the emotions, and therefore also art and literature, play a crucial role in both understanding and solving ethical questions.
Happiness
Authors: Besser Lorraine L.
Published: February 2023

Happiness is a fundamental, prudential value. It is something good for the person who has it. Most philosophers accept that there is a difference between happiness and well-being, and those engaging in interdisciplinary research frame happiness in terms of subjective well-being.

Historical philosophical discussions of happiness have had a longstanding influence on contemporary discourse. Aristotle’s theory of eudaimonia presents a view of happiness that is distinctive to human nature and prioritises the role of reason and virtue in its development. Other historical philosophers, including Epicurus and Mill, defend hedonistic views of happiness, according to which happiness consists in pleasure.

Contemporary analyses of happiness include extended discussions of hedonism, much of which tries to characterise pleasure in a way that makes hedonism viable as a theory of human happiness. Attitudinal hedonism maintains that pleasure derives from a subject’s pro-attitude towards their experiences, while phenomenological hedonism sticks with the ordinary view of pleasure according to which what characterises pleasure is its felt quality.

Other prominent contemporary theories of happiness include the emotional state theory, according to which happiness is an emotional state that is productive of feelings of happiness, and the life satisfaction view, according to which happiness consists in an endorsement of one’s life – be it a cognitive judgment that one’s life is going as one wants, or an affective state of being pleased with one’s life, or some combination of both. Whereas hedonism focusses on the episodic feelings of happiness, both the emotional state theory and the life satisfaction theory seek to explain happiness as consisting in a stable, long-term state.

The past several decades have seen a large increase in interdisciplinary research on happiness, which teaches us much about the sources of happiness, as well as the nature of its pursuit. This research shows the importance of establishing relationships, as well as experiencing emotions such as compassion and gratitude. It also reveals a complex relationship between happiness and material goods.