bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Manifestation and Characteristics of COVID-19 in Pregnants: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study
Authors: MUTLU YILMAZ Esmeray , KOKSAL Eda , UNVER Gökhan , SERİN Sercan
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have experienced COVID-19 symptoms of varying severity. Therefore, we aimed to show the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings for three different trimesters in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods: All hospitalized pregnant women with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests were included in this study. The severity of the disease was classified using the NIH Classification of Severity of Disease.

Results: None of the 206 participants were vaccinated. The number of asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients, those with mild, moderate, and severe disease, was 73(35.4%), 59(28.6%), 68 (33.1%), and 6 (2.9%), respectively. The gestational age of symptomatic patients was lower than that of asymptomatic patients (29 vs. 37 weeks) (p= 0.001). The incidence of pneumonia increased with the trimester of pregnancy increased (p
Lactobacillus acidophilus Supplementation Restores Gut Epithelial Integrities and Barrier Functions in Non-specific Diarrhea
Authors: ALTAF Hossain Ferdaus Mohd , FARZANA Sumaiya Islam , PARVEZ Khan , EMAN Zahran , MUHAMMAD Atif Shaikh , NAZIM Uddin Md , ALİ Zinnah Kazi Mohammad , IMDAD ULLAH Khan , MASUDUR Rahman Md
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The study was aimed to evaluate the roles of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation in maintaining intestinal epithelial integrities, tight junction proteins, and adhesion molecules in non-specific diarrhea.

Methods: In this study, we used the pre-weaned BL/6 pups (3 weeks of age, same litters) as a model animal. We supplied the non-sterilized and poor-quality water to experimental pups (n=7) to develop non-specific diarrheic symptoms. Then diarrheic pups were supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) for three consecutive weeks. The control group (n=5) was supplied with sterilized water and no LA. The sampling and analysis were performed on day 0, day 7, day 14, and day 21. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a) and tight junction proteins (TJPs) of gut mucosa were determined using qRT-PCR. And the serum cytokines level was screened through sandwich ELISA.

Results: The intestinal cytoskeletal integrity becomes disrupted and characterized by lower ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, Claudin-5, and JAM mRNA expressions upon real-time qRT-PCR. However, Claudin-4 was found to be not affected and illustrated with a higher expression like control pups. Interestingly, supplementing Lactobacillus acidophilus was found to maintain gut integrity and effectively reduce diarrheic symptoms. Like the control pups, the Lactobacillus acidophilus supplemented pups exhibited a higher expression of gut epithelial TJPs and adhesion molecules. Moreover, the diseased pups produced significantly increased IL-6, and TNF-α production in blood serum, compared to control BL/6 pups.

Conclusion: We concluded that L. acidophilus supplementation might orchestrate the equilibrium of gut health and immunity against non-specific diarrhea.
Floral Differences of Conjunctiva in Patients with Renal Diseases
Authors: ASLAN Lokman , KOCTURK Sumeyra , GÜL Mustafa , ASLANKURT Murat , ALTUNOREN Orcun
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether conjunctival flora is different in patients with chronic renal disease (CR) among its subgroups and healthy subjects.

Methods: A total of 105 adult CR patients; 35 hemodialysis (HD), 35 diabetic hemodialysis (DHD), 35 renal transplantation (RT), and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled. After ophthalmologic examination, a swab was taken from the lower fornix of the right eye using a cotton-tipped applicator and directly sub-cultured on 5% sheep’s blood agar, chocolate agar, and eosin methylene blue agar. Differences in both bacterial growth and flora diversity of the groups were compared.

Results: The order of bacterial growth rates in the groups are RT 65%), DHD (57%), HD (56%), and control (48%). The RT group had a statistically significant difference from the control group (p
Antropología de la alimentación. Gastronomía, sociedad y cultura
Authors: Hernández Garre José Manuel , De Maya Sánchez Baldomero
Published: June 2022

En las actuales sociedades cosmopolitas los continuos contactos, metamorfosis y fusiones que se producen entre diferentes cocinas expresan la tensión existente entre el manteniento de la identidad cultural y el cambio. Alimentarse se ha convertido en un signo de clase, en una forma de distinguirse, en un mecanismo a través del cual se construye nuestra identidad personal. Y todo ello se produce en el marco de un proceso de globalización que tiende a homogeneizar los productos en una especie de “supermercado global” regido por la hiperespecialización, la publicidad engañosa y las leyes del mercado capitalista, amenazando, así, la diversidad de los ecosistemas alimentarios. En este habitus surgen movimientos de resistencia que reivindican, desde una visión edénica de neoruralidad, particularismos alimentarios que reconozcan el valor folk de las tradiciones culinarias de antaño. Estamos, pues, ante un panorama complejo que se aborda a lo largo de las páginas de este texto con el objetivo de desbridar las principales relaciones que hay entre la alimentación y la cultura desde un enfoque biocultural que aúne los conocimientos de las ciencias nutricionales y biomédicas con los aportes de la antropología.
I. Tidens krumninger. Om myter og genkomster
Authors: Redaktion
Published: June 2022

I. Tidens krumninger. Om myter og genkomster
Darśan, dharma og maṇḍalas: Eksempler på, hvordan indiske begreber er gode at tænke med
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: June 2022

Denne artikel skal primært ses som en hyldest til Hans Jørgen Lundager Jensen og ikke mindst til hans øgede interesse for indiske verdenssyn, ritualkonstruktioner og begreber. De er nemlig gode at tænke med i et komparativt perspektiv. Det gælder også, når blikket falder på gammeltestamentlig religion eller på nutidige former for religiøs repræsentation. Det vil denne artikel argumentere for ved først at præsentere de tre begreber darśan, maṇḍala og dharma kort og derefter give eksempler på, hvordan de kan bringes i anvendelse på ikke-indisk materiale.
Haman, Mordokaj og magten over jøderne. Af en imitators bekendelser
Authors: Holt Else K.
Published: June 2022

René Girards fundamental-antropologi, der fokuserer på begrebet “mimetisk begær”, anvendes i denne artikel på forholdet mellem skurken Haman og helten Mordokaj i den gammeltestamentlige Esters bog. Deres begær efter det fælles objekt, magten over Perserriget og dets konge, fører til mimetisk inspireret, gensidig vold. Haman får kongen til at udstede et dekret om en pogrom mod jøderne i Persien som hævn over en fornærmelse fra Mordokaj, men pogromen afværges af et moddekret, som Mordokaj (og Ester) får kongen til at udstede, da Haman er faldet i unåde. Ifølge dette må jøderne forsvare sig, hvilket medfører drab på 75.000 persere. I den sociale kontekst, den antikke jødedom, kan denne afsluttende vold mod syndebukke imidlertid føre til en moralsk krise, der opløser den kollektive respektabilitet. Det giver derfor god mening at skjule volden i den karnevaleske effervescens, som er til stede i Purim-festen, der netop fejrer sejren over perserne i Esterbogen.
Fra strukturalisme til kulturel evolution: Fratrædelsesforelæsning: Religionsvidenskab 1970’erne-2022
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans J.
Published: June 2022

Om dominerende tendenser i religionshistorisk forskning, beskrevet som tre faser fra 1970’erne til 2022: (1) Religionsantropologi og strukturalisme; (2) Religions- og ritualteori; (3) Religionshistorie på basis af kulturel evolution ‒ og om hvordan de har påvirket min egen forskning og undervisning.
Rozważania na temat klasyfikacji małych miast – przegląd podejść badawczych i próba klasyfikacji wielokryterialnej = The classification of small towns – a review of research approaches and an attempt at multi-criteria classification
Authors: Bański Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Classifications and typologies of small towns are a popular subject for research and debate among geographers, planners and sociologists. The basic aim of this paper being to discuss and assess different classifications and research approaches to small towns that take their social and economic functions into account, as well as relations with surrounding areas. However, the very concept of the small town poses certain problems, not least because definitions generally simplify down to the criterion of population size. Depending on the country, the size criterion differs and is generally in the range 5000-25,000 inhabitants. The subject literature typically includes three types of approach to the classification of small towns: 1) the structural, 2) the location-related, and 3) the mixed. The structural approach allows for the grouping of towns from the point of view of the social, cultural and economic functions they discharge. The location-related approach draws on the idea of there being a continuum between the centre and the periphery, with significance therefore attached to the location of a given small urban centre vis-à-vis large centres undergoing development to the greatest extent. A mixed classification making simultaneous use of the different approaches to research brings the most information to bear in regard to categories of urban locality, but their results may therefore prove hard to interpret, given the more-complex research procedure and number of possible classes, categories or types. Bearing in mind the approaches to classification, it is possible to propose a synthetic method for classifying small towns that takes account of economic structure, location and the relationship between the towns and their surroundings. In the case of economic structure, the small centres may be divided into two basic groups – those featuring a multi-branch structure and those that are specialised economically. A second element of the classification reflects the locations of urban centres. Two basic types can be identified – the small town within the range of impact of a large agglomeration or else the town outside such areas, which is to say located peripherally. The third component of the classification arises out of small towns’ relations with their surroundings - 1) local centres or 2) supra-local centres. In consequence, it is possible to indicate 8 types of small town.
Solving the clustered traveling salesman problem via traveling salesman problem methods
Authors: Lu Yongliang , Hao Jin-Kao , Wu Qinghua
Published: June 2022

The Clustered Traveling Salesman Problem (CTSP) is a variant of the popular Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) arising from a number of real-life applications. In this work, we explore a transformation approach that solves the CTSP by converting it to the well-studied TSP. For this purpose, we first investigate a technique to convert a CTSP instance to a TSP and then apply powerful TSP solvers (including exact and heuristic solvers) to solve the resulting TSP instance. We want to answer the following questions: How do state-of-the-art TSP solvers perform on clustered instances converted from the CTSP? Do state-of-the-art TSP solvers compete well with the best performing methods specifically designed for the CTSP? For this purpose, we present intensive computational experiments on various benchmark instances to draw conclusions.
Physical Activity and Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: . Hemalatha , Sathyaprabha B , Venkatesh N , Sivakumar R
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Physical Activity (PA) is an important component of a healthy pregnancy, for both the mother and her child. Sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy may increase development of pregnancy related musculoskeletal discomforts. Studies show that 25% of women experience severe Pelvic Girdle Pain (PGP) during pregnancy and 8% are severely disabled due to PGP. Aim: To analyse the association between the PA and PGP during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at antenatal outpatient department, Sri Ramachandra Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from November 2019 to March 2020. Total 250 mothers were screened and finally 150 participants were selected. They were asked to fill-up the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), Pregnancy Musculoskeletal Dysfunction Scale (PMDS) to assess the PA level and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Mothers who complaints of PGP were clinically diagnosed and were asked to fill the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ). Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: A total of 26 (17.33%) pregnant women in this study had PGP. The association between the total PA and PGP showed that the risk of PGP decreased as the PA increased which was statistically significant (p=0.03). PGP was also significantly associated with increased body weight (p=0.014). Conclusion: It was found that there was an association between total PA and PGP in pregnancy. Increased PA is associated with reduction in PGP. Hence, moderate PA is recommended during pregnancy
Empirical Investigations of Direction of Causality among Exchange Rates of Naira to Some Foreign Currencies
Authors: Ojewale T. T. , Garba M. K.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to examine the direction of causality among some exchange rate of Nigeria Naira to US Dollar, Pounds Sterling and Euro. It made use of a time series data from the year 2005 to 2014. Toda and Yamamoto [1] procedure was used in analyzing the data. Augmented Dickey-Fuller, KPSS unit root test, the VAR selection method, Error correction model and Granger causality test based on Toda-Yamamoto procedure were used in this study as methods of analysis. The empirical analysis provides enough grounds to conclude that no causality relationship exists between the exchange rates.
On a Question of Constructing Mӧbius Transformations via Spheres and Rigid Motions
Authors: Ranasinghe P. G. R. S. , Abeysekara R. A. S. T.
Published: June 2022

A Mӧbius Transformation or a Fractional Linear Transformation is a complex-valued function that maps points in the extended complex plane into itself either by translations, dilations, inversions, or rotations or even as a combination of the four mappings. Such a mapping can be constructed by a stereographic projection of the complex plane on to a sphere, followed by a rigid motion of the sphere, and a projection back onto the plane. Both Mӧbius transformations and Stereographic projections are abundantly used in diverse fields such as map making, brain mapping, image processing etc. In 2008, Arnold and Rogness created a short video named as Mӧbius Transformation Revealed and made it available on YouTube which became an instant hit. In answering a question posted in the accompanied paper by the same name, Siliciano in 2012 showed that for any given Mӧbius transformation and an admissible sphere, there is exactly one rigid motion of the sphere with which the transformation can be constructed. The present work is prepared on a suggestion posted by Silciano in characterizing rigid motions in constructing a specific Mӧbius transformation. We show that diﬀerent admissible spheres under a unique Mӧbius transformation would require diﬀerent rigid motions.
Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues and Trace Metal Concentration in Well and Stream Waters from Agricultural Farm Settlement in Ile-Oluji, Ondo State
Authors: Adehuga Omogbehin Samson , Sheriff Umar Itopa , Ugochukwu Uzohuo , Ayooluwa Akindoyeni Inioluwa
Published: June 2022

Pollutants is constantly introduced into the aquatic environment primarily due to amplified industrial activity, technical development, growing human population and mistreatment of natural resources, agriculture and domestic wastes run-off. Among these pollutants, Organochlorine Pesticides and some trace metals such as Lead (Pb)Mercury(Hg)and Cadmium (Cd) are found as one of the most hazardous because of their toxicity to organisms This study investigate the levels of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues and Trace Metal concentration in Well and Stream waters from Agricultural Farm Settlement in Ile-Oluji Ondo State. Ten (10) samples each of 1 Liter Well and Stream waters were collected randomly for trace metal analysis and another Ten (10) samples each of 2.5 Liter Well and Stream waters were collected for Organochlorine Pesticide analysis within the Farm Settlement and its vicinity. Quantitative determination of the OCPs was determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer after liquid-liquid extraction with (v/v) ethyl acetate/dichloromethane mixture and the Trace Metal was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results show that organochlorine pesticide residues were not detected in all the well water samples except for AKN where Heptachlor was detected in the concentration of 0.11 mg/L while all samples from the stream were contaminated with the Organochrorine pesticides at appreciably higher concentration than WHO standards. The results also shows that all the trace metals analyzed for are present except for some well samples where Lead concentration is below the detection limit. The mean concentration of some of the sampling sites were below the permissible limit for WHO while some are higher than the permissible limit.
Evaluation of Sheep Trampling at Different Grazing Periods on Soil Attributes
Authors: Junior Ednaldo Barbosa Pereira , Cassimiro Carlos Alberto Lins , Tomé Marcelo Soares da Silva , Lacerda José Henrique Santos , Batista Fabiane Rabelo Da Costa , Filho Francisco de Sales Oliveira , Silva João Jones da
Published: June 2022

With the objective of evaluating the possible deterioration in some physical and chemical soil attributes, caused by sheep trampling in pasture areas compared to preserved areas. The study was conducted at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba - Campus Sousa, located in the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, between the geographic coordinates 06o 50` 22 "S; 38o 17 ` 42" W; at 220 meters of altitude. The statistical design was in Randomized Blocks (DBC), with 3 treatments composed of: T1= no animals (preserved); T2= rainy period sheep grazing; T3= dry period sheep grazing, with six repetitions each. To determine the chemical attributes, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 - 20 cm to determine (pH, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum and organic matter) and physical attributes (sand, silt clay, soil density, total porosity, water dispersed clay) except for bulk density was taken from unformed samples at a depth of 0 - 10 cm from the soil. The sheep grazing in the different periods promoted soil compaction expressed by increased soil density, reduced total porosity and lower clay aggregate content. The permanence of grazing animals promoted a reduction in soil chemical quality, notably for phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and SOM contents in grazed sheep during the dry season and an increase in sodium and PST, compared to the area without grazing (preserved).
Design, Sizing and Optimization of a Solar- Wind Hybrid Power System
Authors: Akpan Udeme Victor , Edeoja Alex Okibe , Ibrahim Jacob Sunday , Kwaghger Karl Aondona
Published: June 2022

Design, sizing and optimization of a solar-wind hybrid power system was carried out to determine its economic feasibility using Hybrid optimized model for electric renewable (HOMER) software aimed at selecting the most feasible configuration based on the net present cost to meet the load demand of 425 W for the appliances in a departmental office at Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi. The simulation results were used to develop a working prototype by sizing the four major components: the solar panels (350 W), a wind turbine (100 W), 2 battery systems of 12 V/200Ah and a charge controller (35.4 A) to regulate battery charging. The efficiencies of the wind turbine, PV solar panels and the inverter system were 48, 29.2 and 50 % respectively. The contribution of PV was 98 % and that of the wind turbine was 2 % due to low average wind speed (1.96 m/s at 15 m) from February to April. The results showed that solar energy contributed more to the charging of the inverter than the wind energy due to the high favorable solar insolation in the region. The optimized system configuration was chosen and this was based on the net present cost, levelized cost of energy and its renewable fraction respectively. The results demonstrated that the best hybrid combination consists of 0.35 kW PV Panels, 1 unit of 0.1 kW wind turbine, 2 units of deep cycle batteries (12V each/200Ah) and 1 unit of 1600 W Inverter. The prototype of the solar - wind hybrid power system based on the optimized components met the load demand for the basic appliances in the office. The results can be expanded to cover the entire department and the templates so obtained can be used generally within the University Community.
US FDA Regulatory Framework for Generic Peptides Referring to rDNA Origin Reference Products
Authors: Chincholkar Ankit , Khobragade Deepak , Pathak Swanand
Published: June 2022

Peptides are polymeric molecules having 40 or less amino acids. Peptides have been used as therapeutic compounds for the treatment of various disorders since 1920s. Initially, these were isolated from animals. Currently, most of the therapeutic peptides are either synthetic or produced by recombinant DNA technology. Given the continuously improving synthesis technology and availability of robust characterization tools, it is now possible to synthesize a generic therapeutic peptide for a reference product which is of rDNA origin. The manufacturing of synthetic generic peptides is generally considered more advantageous than recombinant generic peptides due to low risk of immunogenicity and absence of host cell derived biomolecules.  This article compares the approval process of generic peptides for a reference product of recombinant DNA origin in the United States especially in light of US FDA guideline “ANDAs for certain highly purified synthetic peptide drug products that refer to listed drugs of recombinant DNA Origin”. This guideline provides recommendations for evaluating whether an Abbreviated New Drug Application submission is appropriate for a synthetic peptide referring to previously approved glucagon, liraglutide, nesiritide, teriparatide, and teduglutide of recombinant DNA origin. The requirements for Abbreviated New Drug Application submissions for synthetic generic peptides and 505(b) (2) submissions for generic peptides of recombinant DNA origin are compared.
Determinants of Land Ownership among Women: A Case of Ilongero Ward in Singida Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mchenya Neema , Mkelenga Amani Joseph , Sende Ngongho Bujiku
Published: June 2022

This study was carried at Ilongero ward in Singida District council to assess the determinants of land ownership among women. This study used both qualitative and quantitative data from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from women. Data were collected using interview method which was administered by questionnaire tool and checklist. A sample of 150 respondents was drawn through simple random sampling. Statistical Package for Services Solution (IBM SPSS) was used to analyze the data where the study used descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test. The study results revealed that, many of women in Ilongero ward not owned land 61.3%. The Chi square test results indicated that the associated factors of land ownership among women at Ilongero ward were source of information, listing to radio, watching TV, reading newspapers, age of a woman, marital status and education of a woman. The study recommends that the government and human rights stakeholders should continue providing education to women and men about the right to own the land among women via Radio, TV and newspapers.
A Estabilidade da Dívida Pública Brasileira: Análise Recente e Projeções
Authors: Galle Juliano Morais , Faro Kelly Cardoso
Published: June 2022

O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a estabilidade da razão entre dívida pública e PIB brasileiro no período 2007 a 2018. Há um consenso, na literatura econômica, da necessidade em se manter a relação dívida pública/PIB equilibrada, haja vista que os déficits públicos são recorrentemente utilizados como mecanismos para acelerar o crescimento ou para enfrentar recessões econômicas. Deste modo, a partir da metodologia que abarca o modelo de Escolano (2010), a pesquisa impetrou resultados sugestivos do superávit primário, crescimento do PIB e da taxa real de juros como necessários para manter a magnitude da dívida pública com relação ao PIB estável no período. No triênio mais recente, de 2014 a 2017, não haveriam condições para o setor público obter os superávits necessários para manter a relação dívida pública/PIB constante por causa da elevada taxa de juros implícita e o baixo crescimento econômico. Por fim, apresenta-se uma discussão, a partir da análise da conjuntura econômica brasileira, das condições para a estabilidade da relação dívida pública/PIB no Brasil.
Plant cytokinesis and the construction of new cell wall
Authors: Sinclair Rosalie , Hsu Grace , Davis Destiny , Chang Mingqin , Rosquete Michel , Iwasa Janet H. , Drakakaki Georgia
Published: June 2022

Cytokinesis in plants is fundamentally different from that in animals and fungi. In plant cells, a cell plate forms through the fusion of cytokinetic vesicles and then develops into the new cell wall, partitioning the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. The formation of the cell plate entails multiple stages that involve highly orchestrated vesicle accumulation, fusion and membrane maturation, which occur concurrently with the timely deposition of polysaccharides such as callose, cellulose and cross‐linking glycans. This review summarizes the major stages in cytokinesis, endomembrane components involved in cell plate assembly and its transition to a new cell wall. An animation that can be widely used for educational purposes further summarizes the process.
Isomerization of Asymmetric Ladder‐Type Heteroheptacene‐Based Small‐Molecule Acceptors Improving Molecular Packing: Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Excellent Fill Factors
Authors: Luo Zhenghui , Liu Tao , Oh Jiyeon , Ma Ruijie , Miao Jinsheng , Ni Fan , Zhang Guangye , Sun Rui , Zhang Cai'e , Chen Zhanxiang , Zou Yang , Min Jie , Yang Changduk , Yan He , Yang Chuluo
Published: June 2022

Moving one subunit of the central core to the other side in a small‐molecule acceptor (SMA) is an effective approach to achieve the goal of isomerization, which has proven viable to enhance photovoltaic performance. Herein, two isomeric SMAs of ThPy5 and ThPy6 are developed by changing the position of the thiophene unit of the dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol in IDTP‐4F. The effect of altering the thiophene position on morphological characteristics, macroscopic factors, and device performance is thoroughly investigated among these three isomeric SMAs. Compared to ThPy5, IDTP‐4F and ThPy6 show planar molecular structures and better molecular orientation. Moreover, tighter π–π stacking as well as enhanced electron mobility is observed in ThPy6 relative to IDTP‐4F. PM6:ThPy6‐based organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve the maximum efficiency of 16.11%, along with an excellent fill factor (FF) of 0.789, which are among the best results for A‐D‐A‐type SMA‐based OSCs. The high FF ascribes to the improved molecular packing and charge collection/extraction efficacy and the reduced charge recombination. The structure–morphology–performance relationship drawn from this work can offer better guidance for designing the molecular structure, especially the central cores of SMAs.
Noble‐Metal‐Based Hollow Mesoporous Nanoparticles: Synthesis Strategies and Applications
Authors: Sun Lizhi , Lv Hao , Feng Ji , Guselnikova Olga , Wang Yanzhi , Yamauchi Yusuke , Liu Ben
Published: June 2022

As second‐generation mesoporous materials, mesoporous noble metals (NMs) are of significant interest for their wide applications in catalysis, sensing, bioimaging, and biotherapy owing to their structural and metallic features. The introduction of interior hollow cavity into NM‐based mesoporous nanoparticles (MNs), which subtly integrate hierarchical hollow and mesoporous structure into one nanoparticle, produces a new type of hollow MNs (HMNs). Benefiting from their higher active surface, better electron/mass transfer, optimum electronic structure, and nanoconfinement space, NM‐based HMNs exhibit their high efficiency in enhancing catalytic activity and stability and tuning catalytic selectivity. In this review, recent progress in the design, synthesis, and catalytic applications of NM‐based HMNs is summarized, including the findings of the groups. Five main strategies for synthesizing NM‐based HMNs, namely silica‐assisted surfactant‐templated nucleation, surfactant‐templated sequential nucleation, soft “dual”‐template, Kirkendall effect in synergistic template, and galvanic‐replacement‐assisted surfactant template, are described in detail. In addition, the applications in ethanol oxidation electrocatalysis and hydrogenation reactions are discussed to highlight the high activity, enhanced stability, and optimal selectivity of NM‐based HMNs in (electro)catalysis. Finally, the further outlook that may lead the directions of synthesis and applications of NM‐based HMNs is prospected.
Graphene‐Based Intrinsically Stretchable 2D‐Contact Electrodes for Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Han Shin Jung , Harit Amit Kumar , Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Dae Yoon , Choi Yong Seok , Kwon Hyeokjun , Kim Kwan‐Nyeong , Go Gyeong‐Tak , Yun Hyung Joong , Hong Byung Hee , Suh Min Chul , Ryu Seung Yoon , Woo Han Young , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: June 2022

Intrinsically stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (ISOLEDs) are becoming essential components of wearable electronics. However, the efficiencies of ISOLEDs have been highly inferior compared with their rigid counterparts, which is due to the lack of ideal stretchable electrode materials that can overcome the poor charge injection at 1D metallic nanowire/organic interfaces. Herein, highly efficient ISOLEDs that use graphene‐based 2D‐contact stretchable electrodes (TCSEs) that incorporate a graphene layer on top of embedded metallic nanowires are demonstrated. The graphene layer modifies the work function, promotes charge spreading, and impedes inward diffusion of oxygen and moisture. The work function (WF) of 3.57 eV is achieved by forming a strong interfacial dipole after deposition of a newly designed conjugated polyelectrolyte with crown ether and anionic sulfonate groups on TCSE; this is the lowest value ever reported among ISOLEDs, which overcomes the existing problem of very poor electron injection in ISOLEDs. Subsequent pressure‐controlled lamination yields a highly efficient fluorescent ISOLED with an unprecedently high current efficiency of 20.3 cd A−1, which even exceeds that of an otherwise‐identical rigid counterpart. Lastly, a 3 inch five‐by‐five passive matrix ISOLED is demonstrated using convex stretching. This work can provide a rational protocol for designing intrinsically stretchable high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices with favorable interfacial electronic structures.
Insight into the Stereocontrol of DNA Polymerase‐Catalysed Reaction by Chiral Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Wu Ya , Bu Xinya , Ke Yongqi , Sun Huaming , Li Jingyao , Chen Lu , Cui Wei , He Yujian , Wu Li
Published: June 2022

Enantiomers of chiral substances typically have distinct biological activities, thus, the explorations of biochemical processes at the enantiomeric level has very high significance. This study investigated DNA polymerase–catalyzed reaction modulated by various types of chiral cobalt complexes. The experimental data showed that polymerase reactions were inhibited or accelerated in the presence of K[Co(edta)] ⋅ 2H2O or [Co(en)3]I3 ⋅ H2O. More importantly, the stereocontrol of bioreactivity was found to be different for the enantiomers, which was reflected in their ability to bind to the polymerase reaction system. The docking simulation illustrated that the acceleration or inhibition of polymerase reaction could be correlated with diverse electrostatic energy induced by the attached metal chelates, whereas the different stereocontrol of bioreactivity for the enantiomers was attributed to a discrepancy of Van der Waals interactions between the enantiomer and polymerase catalytic sites.

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Optimizing Oxygen and Intermediate HOO* Adsorption of Cu–Pd Alloy Cocatalyst for Boosting Photocatalytic H2O2 Production of BiVO4
Authors: Wang Kaiyan , Li Yang , Shi Haiyang , Chen Feng , Wang Ping , Wang Xuefei
Published: June 2022

The modification of Pd cocatalysts is considered to be an effective strategy to improve H2O2 production of photocatalysts because it can accelerate the reaction rate of O2 reduction. However, the strong adsorption between O2 molecules and Pd atoms is not conducive to the formation of intermediate HOO* and leads to the further reduction of H2O2 to H2O, thus limiting the improvement of H2O2 production. To solve the issue, in this work, Cu–Pd alloy cocatalysts are selectively modified on the electron‐rich facets of BiVO4 via facile photoinduced deposition and subsequent galvanic displacement. DFT calculations indicate that the incorporation of Cu atoms to Pd atoms weakens the oxygen adsorption energy and HOO* binding energy on Pd atom surfaces, thus increasing the activity and selectivity of O2 reduction to H2O2. Further experimental results show that the optimized Cu‐Pd/BiVO4(5:1) photocatalyst exhibits markedly boosted activity for H2O2 production (2189 µmol L‐1), which is 3.2‐fold higher than that of BiVO4 with modification of 0.3 wt% Pd cocatalyst (675 µmol L‐1). Additionally, the incorporation of metal Cu enables the economic utilization of Pd atoms and reduces the expense of the Pd cocatalyst.
Enabling Sustainable Lithium Metal Electrodes via Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanomembranes
Authors: Lee Yong‐Hyeok , Seo Ji‐Young , Lee Chang‐Dae , Kim Jung‐Hwan , Kim Sang‐Woo , Youe Won‐Jae , Gwon Jae‐Gyoung , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: June 2022

Despite their potential as high‐energy‐density lithium battery electrodes, Li metals are still far from practical use mainly due to their insufficient electrochemical reliability. Here, a cholesteric liquid crystalline (cLC) cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanomembrane as a natural material‐based mechanically robust and precisely defined ion channel strategy for sustainable Li metal electrodes is demonstrated. The cLC‐CNC nanomembrane (1 µm) is designed to achieve a self‐assembled ordered nanoporous structure with optimal tortuosity. This well‐defined cLC structure and high mechanical modulus of CNC, which are difficult to attain with traditional synthetic materials, allow facile/uniform Li‐ion flux toward Li metal electrodes, and simultaneously prevent Li dendrite growth and mitigate volume expansion of the Li metal during Li plating/stripping cycling. Driven by these viable roles of the cLC‐CNC nanomembrane, Li metal full cells (consisting of thin Li metal anodes (20 µm) and high‐capacity LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes (3.8 mAh cm–2), capacity excess of the Li metal over the NCM811 = 1.0) exhibit high energy density (890 Wh Lcell–1) along with stable cycling retention, which lie far beyond those achievable with previously reported Li protective layers.
Toward Emerging Sodium‐Based Energy Storage Technologies: From Performance to Sustainability
Authors: Xu Zhen , Wang Jing
Published: June 2022

As one of the potential alternatives to current lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐based energy storage technologies including sodium batteries and capacitors are widely attracting increasing attention from both industry and academia. However, the performance and sustainability of current sodium‐based energy storage devices mostly rely on various critical materials and traditional energy‐consuming fabrication processes. Meanwhile, the detailed working mechanisms of some sodium‐based energy storage technologies are still under debate. Hence, how to realize low‐cost, sustainable, and high‐performance sodium‐based energy storage technologies remains challenging from the perspective of theoretical studies, material diversification, and device optimization. In this review, the development state of sodium‐based energy storage technologies from research background to principles is comprehensively discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of state‐of‐the‐art sodium‐based energy storage devices are systematically analyzed, thus providing critical insight into the challenges and opportunities for emerging sodium‐based energy storage technologies to achieve not only improved performance, but also enhanced sustainability.
Agricultural bank acquisitions and postacquisition performance: An examination of the role of shared knowledge
Authors: Kim Kevin N. , Katchova Ani L.
Published: June 2022

The US banking sector has consolidated through acquisitions in recent decades, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of lending institutions. Agricultural commercial banks have been preferred target of such acquisitions, representing 15%–40% of all acquisitions between 1994 and 2018. In this study, we examine the postacquisition performance of banks that acquire agricultural banks in terms of profitability, bankruptcy risk, and loan monitoring process between 1994 and 2018. We also test whether the shared knowledge between the acquiring bank and the target bank in terms of geography, product, and culture affect the postacquisition outcomes. While we document improved profitability from agricultural bank acquisitions, the improvement is rather short‐lived without long‐term benefits. Also, we do not find improvement in other performance measures. Also, we find a negative effect of cultural knowledge, highlighting the complex implications of acquisitions. [EconLit Citations: G21, G34, Q1].
Next‐Generation Energy Harvesting and Storage Technologies for Robots Across All Scales
Authors: Liang Zexi , He Jiarui , Hu Chuangang , Pu Xiong , Khani Hadi , Dai Liming , Fan Donglei (Emma) , Manthiram Arumugam , Wang Zhong-Lin
Published: June 2022

Self‐powered untethered robots that can meander unrestrictedly, squeeze into small spaces, and operate in diverse harsh environments have received immense attention in recent years. As there is not a universal solution that can be applied to power robots with diverse forms, service functions, and a broad size range from nanometers to meters, the design, fabrication, and implementation of power systems with a suitable weight, desired power and operation duration, and adaptiveness to confined spaces and operation conditions represent one of the greatest challenges in robotic research. Herein, an overview of recent progress and challenges in developing the next‐generation energy harvesting and storage technologies is provided, including direct energy harvesting, energy storage and conversion, and wireless energy transmission for robots across all scales.
TDP‐43 Pathology Exacerbates Cognitive Decline in Primary Age‐Related Tauopathy
Authors: Smirnov Denis S. , Salmon David P. , Galasko Douglas , Edland Steven D. , Pizzo Donald P. , Goodwill Vanessa , Hiniker Annie
Published: June 2022

Objective

Primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) refers to tau neurofibrillary tangles restricted largely to the medial temporal lobe in the absence of significant beta‐amyloid plaques. PART has been associated with cognitive impairment, but contributions from concomitant limbic age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE‐NC) are underappreciated.

Methods

We compare prevalence of LATE‐NC and vascular copathologies in age‐ and Braak‐matched patients with PART (n = 45, Braak stage I–IV, Thal phase 0–2) or early stage Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC; n = 51, Braak I–IV, Thal 3–5), and examine their influence on clinical and cognitive decline.

Results

Concomitant LATE‐NC and vascular pathology were equally common, and cognition was equally impaired, in PART (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] = 24.8 ± 6.9) and ADNC (MMSE = 24.2 ± 6.0). Patients with LATE‐NC were more impaired than those without LATE‐NC on the MMSE (by 5.8 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0–8.6), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS; 17.5 points, 95% CI = 7.1–27.9), Clinical Dementia Rating, sum of boxes scale (CDR‐sob; 5.2 points, 95% CI = 2.1–8.2), memory composite (0.8 standard deviations [SD], 95% CI = 0.1–1.6), and language composite (1.1 SD, 95% CI = 0.2–2.0), and more likely to receive a dementia diagnosis (odds ratio = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.5–18.0). Those with vascular pathology performed worse than those without on the DRS (by 10.2 points, 95% CI = 0.1–20.3) and executive composite (1.3 SD, 95% CI = 0.3–2.3). Cognition declined similarly in PART and ADNC over the 5 years preceding death; however, LATE‐NC was associated with more rapid decline on the MMSE (β = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.9–3.0), DRS (β = 7.8, 95% CI = 3.4–12.7), CDR‐sob (β = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.4–3.7), language composite (β = 0.5 SD, 95% CI = 0.1–0.8), and vascular pathology with more rapid decline on the DRS (β = 5.2, 95% CI = 0.6–10.2).

Interpretation

LATE‐NC, and to a lesser extent vascular copathology, exacerbate cognitive impairment and decline in PART and early stage ADNC. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:425–438
Medium Diradical Character, Small Hole and Electron Reorganization Energies and Ambipolar Transistors in Difluorenoheteroles
Authors: Mori Sakura , Moles Quintero Sergio , Tabaka Naoki , Kishi Ryohei , González Núñez Raúl , Harbuzaru Alexandra , Ponce Ortiz Rocío , Marín‐Beloqui Jose , Suzuki Shuichi , Kitamura Chitoshi , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Dai Yasi , Negri Fabrizia , Nakano Masayoshi , Kato Shin‐ichiro , Casado Juan
Published: June 2022

Four difluorenoheteroles having a central quinoidal core with the heteroring varying as furan, thiophene, its dioxide derivative and pyrrole have shown to be medium character diradicals. Solid‐state structures, optical, photophysical, magnetic, and electrochemical properties have been discussed in terms of diradical character, variation of aromatic character and captodative effects (electron affinity). Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have been prepared, showing balanced hole and electron mobilities of the order of 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 or ambipolar charge transport which is first inferred from their redox amphoterism. Quantum chemical calculations show that the electrical behavior is originated from the medium diradical character which produces similar reorganization energies for hole and electron transports. The vision of a diradical as simultaneously bearing pseudo‐hole and pseudo‐electron defects might justify the reduced values of reorganization energies for both regimes. Structure‐function relationships between diradical and ambipolar electrical behavior are revealed.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Four‐Component Carbonylation of Ethers and Olefins: Direct Access toγ‐Oxy Esters and Amides
Authors: Wang Le‐Cheng , Chen Bo , Zhang Youcan , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: June 2022

Multi‐component carbonylation of olefins, a reaction that installs both a carbon–carbon(heteroatom) bond and a carbonyl group across the double bond, is an attractive strategy for alkene functionalization. Herein, we developed a novel nickel‐catalyzed four‐component carbonylation of olefins with ethers under low CO gas pressure. Using alcohols and amines as the reaction partner, diverseγ‐oxy‐substituted esters and amides were produced in good yields with excellent functional group tolerance. Notably, Naftidrofuryl, a medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), can be synthesized by this process straightforwardly.
Suppression of Chain Transfer at High Temperature in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Hu Xiaoqiang , Kang Xiaohui , Jian Zhongbao
Published: June 2022

Living polymerization by suppressing chain transfer is a very useful method for achieving precise molecular weight and structure control. However, the suppression of chain transfer at high temperatures is extremely challenging in any catalytic polymerization. This has been a severe limitation for catalytic olefin polymerization, which is one of the most important chemical reactions. Here, we report the unprecedented living polymerization of ethylene at 130 °C, with a narrow molecular weight distribution range of 1.04 to 1.08. This is a significant increase in the reaction temperature. Tailor‐made α‐diimine nickel catalysts that exhibit both the steric shielding and fluorine effects play an essential role in this breakthrough. These nickel catalysts are even active at 200 °C, and enable the formation of semi‐crystalline, ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene at 150 °C. Mechanistic insights into the key chain transfer reaction are elucidated by density functional theory calculations.
Neuro‐immune interactions and the role of Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptors in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Van Remoortel Samuel , Lambeets Lana , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2022

Over the past decade, the research field dealing with the role of a new family of Rhodopsin A‐like G protein‐coupled receptors, that is, the family of Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptors (Mrgprs) has expanded enormously. A plethora of recent studies have provided evidence that Mrgprs are key players in itch and pain, as well as in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory/allergic responses in the skin. Over the years, it has become clear that this role is not limited to the skin, but extends to other mucosal surfaces such as the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the GI tract, Mrgprs have emerged as novel interoceptive sensory pathways linked to health and disease, and are in close functional association with the gut's immune system. This review aims to provide an update of our current knowledge on the expression, distribution and function of members of this Mrgpr family in intrinsic and extrinsic neuro‐immune pathways related to the GI system.
Synthesized nanoliposome‐encapsulated kaempferol attenuates liver health parameters and gene expression in mice challenged by cadmium‐induced toxicity
Authors: Haeri Vahideh , Karimi Ehsan , Oskoueian Ehsan
Published: June 2022

In the present research, we encapsulated a flavonoid called kaempferol into nanoliposomal structures and the health‐promoting effects of synthesized nanoliposome‐loaded kaempferol (NLK) were evaluated in mice challenged by cadmium‐induced . The NLK characteristics, such as size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index, were 218.4 nm, −28.55 mV, and 0.29, respectively. The in vivo experiment revealed that the mice receiving water containing cadmium (2 mg/kg body weight/day) showed significant (p < 0.05) weight loss, an increase in liver enzyme activities, and hepatic oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation with NLK at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg mice body weight notably (p < 0.05) improved the body weight, liver enzyme activities, hepatic oxidative stress, and antioxidant potential of the liver. Our findings elucidated that NLK could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium in mice challenged by cadmium‐induced toxicity.