bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Il Sonnambulo' by Michele Carafa: A Forgotten Romantic Opera with Sleepwalking
Authors: Riva Michele Augusto , Mazzocchi Caterina , Cesana Giancarlo , Finger Stanley
Published: October 2016

Romantic operas provide a useful tool for historians to understand the perception of some medical disorders that existed during the nineteenth century. Somnambulism was still a mysterious condition during this time, since its pathogenesis was unknown. Hence, it comes as no surprise that somnambulism features in a number of operas, the best known of which are Verdi's ‘Macbeth' and Bellini's ‘La Sonnambula', both the subject of recent scholarship. Here we examine a more obscure opera in which sleepwalking is depicted. Dating from 1824, ‘Il Sonnambulo' by the Italian composer Michele Carafa is based on a libretto by Felice Romani. Although it shares some features with the Verdi and Bellini operas, it also presents original elements. Our analysis of this forgotten opera supports the contention that studying operas can shed light on medical theories and practices, and on how ideas about mind and body disorders were transmitted to the laity in times past.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОПАТОЛОГІЧНОЇ СИМПТОМАТИКИ У ЕМІГРАНТІВ ТА РЕЕМІГРАНТІВ, ХВОРИХ НА ДЕПРЕСИВНІ РОЗЛАДИ
Authors: Venher O. P.
Published: October 2016

РЕЗЮМЕ. Дослідження особливостей психопатологічної симптоматики за допомогою опитувальника Symptom Check List-90-Revised – SCL-90-R дозволило встановити, що серед хворих на психогенні депресивні розлади емігрантів (196 осіб) були значуще вищими у порівнянні з реемігрантами (191 особа) та не емігрантами (198 осіб) показники за шкалами соматизації (відповідно 0,87±0,53 балів, 0,66±0,40 балів та 0,51±0,34 балів), обсесивно-компульсивних розладів (1,43±0,77 балів, 1,13±0,44 балів та 0,98±0,48 балів), тривожності (1,73±1,07) балів, 1,32±0,84 балів та 1,07±0,98 балів), а у реемігрантів – депресії (2,98±0,35 балів, у емігрантів 2,61±0,59 балів, у не емігрантів 2,40±0,45 балів) та міжособистісної сенситивності (відповідно 1,24±0,33 балів, 1,15±0,35 балів та 0,95±0,29 балів), а також індекс виразності дистресу (2,45±0,23 балів, 2,40±0,42 балів та 2,25±0,29 балів). У хворих на ендогенні депресивні розлади вплив фактора еміграції виявився меншим, однак загальні тенденції зберігаються: у емігрантів є найбільшою виразність проявів соматизації (1,17±0,83 балів, у реемігрантів 0,83±0,48 балів, у не емігрантів 0,77±0,70 балів), тривожності (відповідно 1,90±1,10 балів, 1,47±0,97 балів та 1,14±1,01 балів), обсесивно-компульсивних розладів (відповідно 1,54±0,66 балів, 1,34±0,52 балів та 1,07±0,44 балів) та фобічної тривожності (відповідно 0,76±0,44 балів, 0,68±0,23 балів та 0,67±0,40 балів), а у реемігрантів – депресії (3,18±0,26 балів, у емігрантів 2,79±0,42 балів, у не емігрантів 2,63±0,30 балів), міжособистісної сенситивності (1,36±0,45 балів, у не емігрантів 1,10±0,32 бали, у емігрантів 1,07±0,49 балів) та індекс виразності дистресу (2,60±0,16 балів, у емігрантів 2,53±0,34 балів, у не емігрантів 2,30±0,28 балів). У хворих на органічні депресивні розлади виявлені більш складні закономірності, зумовлені характером депресії: значущі розбіжності у показниках між групами емігрантів, реемігрантів та не емігрантів виявлені за соматизацією (відповідно 1,33±0,68 балів, 0,93±0,32 балів та 0,91±0,64 балів), тривожністю (відповідно 1,99±0,67 балів, 1,68±0,60 балів та 1,43±1,03 балів), фобічною тривожністю (0,91±0,45 балів, 0,75±0,31 балів та 0,66±0,39 балів) та обсесивно-компульсивними розладами (відповідно 1,10±0,63 балів, 1,49±0,51 балів та 1,25±0,61 балів). Показники за депресією та міжособистісною сенситивністю є найвищими у реемігрантів (відповідно 3,16±0,48 балів та 1,43±0,40 балів), меншими у емігрантів (відповідно 2,92±0,41 балів та 1,21±0,34 балів), і найменшими – у не емігрантів (відповідно 2,66±0,51 балів та 1,11±0,38 балів). Виявлені закономірності можуть бути пояснені впливом об’єктивних соціально-психологічних факторів.
ОСОБЛИВОСТI ОКРЕМИХ ВИДIВ СПРИЙМАННЯ У ШКОЛЯРIВ ЗI СЛУХОВОЮ ДЕПРИВАЦIЄЮ
Authors: Klishch M. I. , Vadziuk S. N.
Published: October 2016

Резюме. З використанням комп’ютерної програми «Efecton Studio 2009» досліджено особливості сприймання розміру, простору та часу школярами молодшого, середнього і старшого шкільного віку з нейросенсорною приглухуватістю. Встановлено достовірну різницю показників сприймання школярів усіх вікових періодів, які мали порушення слуху, відносно осіб відповідної вікової групи з нормальним слухом. Показано також вікові відмінності та їх особливості у школярів обох порівнюваних груп. Зроблено висновок, що процес сприймання у школярів з вадами слуху розвивається за тими ж законами, що i сприймання у школярів без порушень слуху, однак специфiка порушення супроводжується несвоєчасним формуванням мiжфункцiональних взаємодiй (мiж сприйманням i мовою), що негативно впливає на розвиток однієї з найскладніших властивостей сприймання – усвiдомленостi, що й призводить до порушень основних видів сприймання.
Paradoxes of Signification
Authors: Read Stephen
Published: October 2016

Ian Rumfitt has recently drawn our attention to a couple of paradoxes of signification, claiming that although Thomas Bradwardine’s “multiple-meanings” account of truth and signification can solve the first of them, it cannot solve the second. The paradoxes of signification were in fact much discussed by Bradwardine’s successors in the fourteenth century. Bradwardine’s solution appears to turn on a distinction between the principal and the consequential signification of an utterance. However, although such a distinction played an important role in his successors’ theories, it is shown that Bradwardine’s account of signification does not admit any such distinction, no part being prior to the others. Accordingly his solution, unlike those of his successors, does not fall prey to Rumfitt’s paradoxes.
Strangers in the City: Transmigration from Eastern Europe and its Impact on Berlin and Hamburg 1880–1914
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias
Published: October 2016

This article examines the impact of transit migration from the Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires on Berlin and Hamburg between 1880 and 1914. Both cities experienced massive growth during the last three decades of the nineteenth century, and both served as major points of passage for Eastern Europeans travelling to (and returning from) the United States. The rising migration from Eastern Europe through Central and Western European cities after 1880 coincided with the need to find adequate solutions to accommodate a rapidly growing number of commuters. The article demonstrates that the isolation of transmigrants in Berlin, Hamburg (and New York) during the 1890s was only partly related to containing contagious disease and ‘undesirable’ migrants. Isolating transmigrants was also a pragmatic response to the increasing pressure on the urban traffic infrastructure.
Steamshipping Companies and Transmigration Patterns: the Use of European Cities as Hubs during the Era of Mass Migration to the us
Authors: Feys Torsten
Published: October 2016

The article gives a business perspective on the development of transit routes during the long nineteenth century transatlantic migration from Europe to the us. It first stresses that due to the economic interests generated by transatlantic migrant transport the political economy behind early migration policies centred much more on how people moved rather than who was doing the moving. These had a lasting impact on transit routes. With nationalism on the rise and economic liberalism declining, measures to direct transmigrants to national ports and companies radicalised. Against this background and to neutralise competitive pressures shipping companies united in cartels to protect established routes. Their perspective gives new insights on how transit routes developed; on transit costs; the service it included and the quality thereof. It explains how shipping lines extended their services in port-cities and inland transport hubs to guarantee a smooth transit as an integrated part of their trade.
Urban History of Overseas Migration in Habsburg Central Europe: Vienna and Budapest in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Prokopovych Markian
Published: October 2016

The complex routes taken by overseas migrants through nineteenth-century Central Europe included Vienna and Budapest as nodal points. In contrast to the ports of departure and arrival, and the role of labour migrants in urbanisation, the place of overseas migrants in larger urban histories of Vienna and Budapest remains largely unexplored. By using two case studies that represent the opposite sides on the spectrum of overseas travellers through Central Europe, this article aims to trace new directions such an exploration might take. Aiming to introduce the ‘spatial turn’ into the subject of overseas migration in Vienna and Budapest, it analyses how, on the local level, railway stations and the neighbouring areas functioned to accommodate shipping agencies, their agents and lodging houses, as well as the police, detention centres, and the local enterprise that helped to direct – facilitate or restrict – traffic through the urban fabric and between cities.
Taxonomy of freshwater sponges of Maharashtra, India, with illustrated descriptions and notes on ecology and habitats (Porifera: Spongillida: Spongillidae)
Authors: JAKHALEKAR SHRIRAJ S. , GHATE HEMANT V.
Published: October 2016

We present additional taxonomic descriptions, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) illustrations, field observations documented by colour photographs, and notes on habitats and ecology of Corvospongilla ultima (Annandale), Eunapius crassissimus (Annandale), Stratospongilla bombayensis (Carter), S. gravelyi (Annandale) and S. indica (Annandale) from recent sponge collections made in western Maharashtra, India. Stratospongilla gravelyi is rediscovered after a century, and along with it, C. ultima and S. indica are illustrated with SEM images for the first time, unequivocally differentiating these two species. Additional taxonomic, ecological data and illustrations of Corvospongilla lapidosa (Annandale), Dosilia plumosa (Carter), Ephydatia meyeni (Carter), Eunapius carteri (Bowerbank) and Radiospongilla cerebellata (Bowerbank) are also provided to supplement the previously published SEM illustrations. All ten spongillid species treated here were originally described from India and three of them are known to be endemic to the Indian region. Present study is the first re-examination of these Indian spongillid species using SEM, providing greater resolution of their important taxonomic characters and careful documentation of their habitats.
Partial redescription of pontoniine shrimps Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915) and Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) with remarks on taxonomic status of Cuapetes Clark, 1919 and Kemponia Bruce, 2004
Authors: MARIN IVAN , SINELNIKOV SERGEY
Published: October 2016

Pontoniine shrimps Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915) (the type species of the genus) and Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915) are re-described showing clear morphological difference from representatives of the genus Kemponia Bruce, 2004. Several specific morphological features show the validity of both pontoniine genera.
A new species of the hermit crab genus Alainopaguroides McLaughlin, 1997 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the South China Sea
Authors: HAN YUAN-YUAN , KOMAI TOMOYUKI , SHA ZHONG-LI
Published: October 2016

A new species of the pagurid hermit crab, Alainopaguroides sinensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated on the basis of a single ovigerous female specimen collected from the South China Sea. It is immediately distinguished from other known congeneric species by the possession of a subdistal spine on the lateral margin of the basal segment of the antennular peduncle, although the most similar congener is A. andamanensis McLauglin, 2002. This is the first record of the genus from the South China Sea. An identification key to the species of the genus Alainopaguroides McLaughlin, 1997 is provided.
A new Paramathes Boursin, 1954 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) species from China
Authors: SALDAITIS AIDAS , GYULAI PETER
Published: October 2016

The genera Paramathes was erected by Boursin (1954) for four Xestia-like species, however with slight differences from the Xestia Hübner in their clasping apparatuses. Later this generic name was synonymised with Xestia by Lafontaine (1998). Gyulai, Ronkay, & Saldaitis (2011) treated Paramathes as the subgenera of Xestia. The most recent revision of the Paramathes is presented in the volume 8 of the Taxonomic Atlas of the Eurasian and North African Noctuoidea (Varga et al. 2015), in which authors return to the original concept of Boursin (1954), taking into consideration the configuration of the carinal plate of aedeagus and the bar in the basal area of the vesica in the males and the flap-like shape of the two bilateral lobes of the strongly sclerotized antrum in the females. In the recent article, authors follow this idea, accepting that the question is open to doubt on the taxonomic position of Paramathes.
Predictability and Decadal Variability of the North Atlantic Ocean State Evaluated from a Realistic Ocean Model
Authors: Sévellec Florian , Fedorov Alexey V.
Published: October 2016

This study investigates the excitation of decadal variability and predictability of the ocean climate state in the North Atlantic. Specifically, initial linear optimal perturbations (LOPs) in temperature and salinity that vary with depth, longitude, and latitude are computed, and the maximum impact on the ocean of these perturbations is evaluated in a realistic ocean general circulation model. The computations of the LOPs involve a maximization procedure based on Lagrange multipliers in a nonautonomous context. To assess the impact of these perturbations four different measures of the North Atlantic Ocean state are used: meridional volume and heat transports (MVT and MHT) and spatially averaged sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean heat content (OHC). It is shown that these metrics are dramatically different with regard to predictability. Whereas OHC and SST can be efficiently modified only by basin-scale anomalies, MVT and MHT are also strongly affected by smaller-scale perturbations. This suggests that instantaneous or even annual-mean values of MVT and MHT are less predictable than SST and OHC. Only when averaged over several decades do the former two metrics have predictability comparable to the latter two, which highlights the need for long-term observations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in order to accumulate climatically relevant data. This study also suggests that initial errors in ocean temperature of a few millikelvins, encompassing both the upper and deep ocean, can lead to ~0.1-K errors in the predictions of North Atlantic sea surface temperature on interannual time scales. This transient error growth peaks for SST and OHC after about 6 and 10 years, respectively, implying a potential predictability barrier.
Interannual Variation of the Cold-Season Rainfall Center in the South China Sea
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar , Matsumoto Jun
Published: October 2016

During 15 November–31 December, a cold-season rainfall center appears in the southern part of the South China Sea (SCS) north of northwestern Borneo and juxtaposed along the southwest–northeast direction with rainfall centers for the Malay Peninsula and the Philippines. This SCS rainfall center also coincides geographically with the SCS surface trough. An effort is made to explore the formation mechanism of this rainfall center. It is primarily formed by the second intensification of heavy rainfall/flood cold surge vortex [CSV(HRF)] through its interaction with a cold surge flow over the SCS trough. Both the SCS rainfall center and the SCS surface trough are located at the easterly flow north of the near-equator trough. Modulated by the interannual variation of the cyclonic shear flow along the near-equator trough in concert with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, the SCS rainfall center undergoes an interannual variation. The impact of this ENSO cycle is accomplished through the regulation of CSV(HRF) trajectories originating from the Philippines vicinity and Borneo and propagating to different destinations. Rain-producing efficiency determined by the interannual variation of the divergent circulation accompanies the cyclonic shear flow around the near-equator trough in response to this ENSO cycle.
Simulation of Late Summer Arctic Clouds during ASCOS with Polar WRF
Authors: Hines Keith M. , Bromwich David H.
Published: October 2016

Low-level clouds are extensive in the Arctic and contribute to inadequately understood feedbacks within the changing regional climate. The simulation of low-level clouds, including mixed-phase clouds, over the Arctic Ocean during summer and autumn remains a challenge for both real-time weather forecasts and climate models. Here, improved cloud representations are sought with high-resolution mesoscale simulations of the August–September 2008 Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) with the latest polar-optimized version (3.7.1) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (Polar WRF) Model with the advanced two-moment Morrison microphysics scheme. Simulations across several synoptic regimes for 10 August–3 September 2008 are performed with three domains including an outer domain at 27-km grid spacing and nested domains at 9- and 3-km spacing. These are realistic horizontal grid spacings for common mesoscale applications. The control simulation produces excessive cloud liquid water in low clouds resulting in a large deficit in modeled incident shortwave radiation at the surface. Incident longwave radiation is less sensitive. A change in the sea ice albedo toward the larger observed values during ASCOS resulted in somewhat more realistic simulations. More importantly, sensitivity tests show that a reduction in specified liquid cloud droplet number to very pristine conditions increases liquid precipitation, greatly reduces the excess in simulated low-level cloud liquid water, and improves the simulated incident shortwave and longwave radiation at the surface.
Fiction or History in the Making of the Past: A Dialogue between the Public and the Private in Maharaja Kumari Binodini Devi’s Boro Sahib Ongbi Sanatombi (The Princess and the Political Agent)
Authors: Thoudam Natasa
Published: October 2016

Conventionally, the focus of history writing is ‘public’ lives and ‘public’ events. Maharaja Kumari Binodini Devi’s Boro Sahib Ongbi Sanatombi (The princess and the political agent, 1976), however, inverts this dominant tradition, diverting the attention of the reader from the larger ‘public’ events in Manipur’s history to a very specific and ‘private’ love relationship between her aunt Maharaja Kumari Sanatombi Devi and Major Horatio St. John Maxwell, the first political agent of British-occupied Manipur. This paper shows how the liminal form of Binodini’s book allows it to become a site for contestation and negotiation between public and private histories as it simultaneously confuses the line between history and fiction. To prove its point, it reveals first the blurring of the line between history and fiction in Boro Sahib Ongbi Sanatombi, and then demonstrates the relation between public and private histories in the book. Finally, the paper analyses the public–private (histories) distinction in a colonial relationship as illustrated in the book.
Perceptions of the Work Environment: The Issue of Gender in Indian Scientific Research Institutes
Authors: Gupta Namrata
Published: October 2016

Gender relations in organisations are a function of the socio-cultural and institutional context. This study analyses the perceptions of men and women scientists in India with respect to their work environment. It indicates that the twin aspects of Indian culture, patriarchy and hierarchy, contribute to a masculine environment at the workplace. Idealisation of women’s family roles as part of ‘Indian culture’ depresses women’s position as scientists. The hierarchical culture affects junior women scientists particularly through structural inefficiencies and gendered methods to subvert hierarchy. Since the Indian social milieu is in transition, changes are slowly taking place within organisations, offering hope for a change in gendered work environments. In exploring solutions to gender problems and understanding gender relations, the specific national context needs to be highlighted.
Book Review: Omita Goyal (Ed.), Interrogating Women’s Leadership & Empowerment
Authors: Malvankar Alka
Published: October 2016

Omita Goyal (Ed.), Interrogating Women’s Leadership & Empowerment. New Delhi and Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, 2015, 296 pages, ₹950, ISBN 9789351500797.
Producing Islamic philosophy: The life and afterlives of Ibn Ṭufayl’s Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān in global history, 1882–1947
Authors: Idris Murad
Published: October 2016

In recent decades, the trope that classical Muslim thinkers anticipated or influenced modern European thought has provided an easy endorsement of their contemporary relevance. This article studies how Arab editors and intellectuals, from 1882 to 1947, understood the twelfth-century Andalusian philosopher Ibn Ṭufayl, and Arabo-Islamic philosophy generally. This modern generation of Arab scholars also attached significance to classical Arabic texts as precursors to modern European thought. They invited readers to retrospectively identify with Ibn Ṭufayl and his treatise, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. Comparisons of Ibn Ṭufayl to European thinkers, and re-presentations of Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān as the precedent or genesis of European thought, facilitated these editors’ global imaginaries, anti-colonial projects and political fantasies. This article tracks these projects and fantasies through the afterlife of Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān from early printings and generalist surveys to later editions and studies, as Ibn Ṭufayl’s significance became sutured into his imagined importance for Europe, and for going beyond Europe.
Kwasi Wiredu’s consensual democracy: Prospects for practice in Africa
Authors: Ajei Martin Odei
Published: October 2016

A political challenge facing constitutional democracies in Africa is the lack of adequate representation and participation of citizens in democratic processes and institutions. This challenge is manifest in the vesting of power solely in, and the exercise of this power by, a sectional group – the majority party – to the exclusion of others; as evinced in the liberal democratic systems extensively practised on the continent. Wiredu proposes as a solution to these challenges the adoption of consensual democracy; an indigenous, non-party democratic system rooted in the traditional African humanist and communitarian conceptions of the individual and the community, in which political decisions are characteristically reached by consensus. In this article, I present a critical exposition of Wiredu’s consensual democracy and defend it against liberal democracy on the one hand, and criticisms levelled against it on the other hand. I also offer some modifications to Wiredu’s theory in a bid to render it more suitable for practice in Africa.
Introduction: Thinking with the past: Political thought in and from the ‘non-west’
Authors: Jenco Leigh
Published: October 2016

This special issue addresses the diverse ways the past may be used and perceived in different places for political purposes. Noting that histories of political thought have traditionally reproduced the parochial exclusions of the discipline, contributors to this special issue consider how the past matters for political thought and from a global perspective. This mandate does not entail the assumption that there exists some singular global vantage point from which historical ideas might be assessed or that Euro-American concerns and experiences should be projected ever more broadly across the world’s pasts. Rather, these contributors directly engage the globally diffuse, intellectually substantive confrontations of past with present, of tradition with modernity, and of heritage with necessity that erupted (and continue to erupt) as thinkers in diverse societies grapple with the specific dilemmas of their time and place.
Effects of Spiritual Change on the Re-Entry Adjustment of Christian Young Adult Humanitarian Workers
Authors: Wartenweiler Thomas , Eiroa-Orosa Francisco Jose
Published: October 2016

Humanitarian work inevitably involves exposure to suffering, stress and trauma. Such exposure has a profound effect on an aid worker’s worldview and spirituality. The aim of this study was to use Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to do an in-depth analysis of how Christian young adult humanitarian workers in faith-based aid organizations experience such spiritual change and how it affects the re-entry into their faith community. Strategies for pastoral and spiritual care for the workers are provided
Prospective longitudinal course of cognition in older subjects with mild parkinsonian signs
Authors: Lerche Stefanie , Brockmann Kathrin , Pilotto Andrea , Wurster Isabel , Sünkel Ulrike , Hobert Markus A. , von Thaler Anna-Katharina , Schulte Claudia , Stoops Erik , Vanderstichele Hugo , Herbst Victor , Brix Britta , Eschweiler Gerhard W. , Metzger Florian G. , Maetzler Walter , Berg Daniela
Published: October 2016

Background

Mild parkinsonian signs (MPS) are common in older people and are associated with an increased risk of different neurodegenerative diseases. This study prospectively evaluates the longitudinal course of cognitive performance in older individuals with MPS.

Methods

From the TREND study, 480 individuals neurologically healthy at baseline, aged between 50 and 80 years, with complete follow-up data for three assessments within a mean of 43.8 months, were included in this analysis. Participants underwent a detailed cognitive test battery, evaluation of prodromal markers for neurodegenerative diseases and history of vascular diseases at each study visit. In addition, plasma levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ)1–40and Aβ1–42were evaluated longitudinally.

Results

In 52 (11 %) of the 480 participants, MPS could be detected at baseline. These individuals had cognitive deficits significantly more often compared with controls at each time point and their cognitive performance showed a steeper decline during follow-up. In addition, their levels of plasma Aβ1–42were significantly lower than those of controls, and declined more rapidly over time.

Conclusions

This longitudinal study shows that MPS are associated with cognitive decline and decrease in plasma Aβ1–42, possibly indicating an ongoing neurodegenerative process.
Survival outcomes in patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel and concurrent radiotherapy
Authors: Roskies M. , Kay-Rivest E. , Mascarella M. A. , Sultanem K. , Mlynarek A. , Hier M.
Published: October 2016

Background

A commonly employed treatment for advanced staged oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is concurrent radiation and chemotherapy with cisplatin as the gold standard. Carboplatin is reported to have the same radiopotentiation properties and a superior side effect profile; however, its use in head and neck cancer has been limited due to the paucity of data and reported hematologic side effects. In this study, we describe our institution's experience with carboplatin, paclitaxel and radiation in the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma over a 10 year period.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients aged 18 to 80 years old with stage III-IV OPSCC treated with weekly carboplatin, paclitaxel and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, tumor location and stage and survival outcomes. In addition, we noted treatment morbidities according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scoring criteria scale. The data was analyzed using the student's t-test and analysis of variables.

Results

Over a 10 year period, 160 patients received chemoradiation with carboplatin and paclitaxel for OPSCC. One-hundred-four and 65 patients were followed for at least 3 and 5 years, respectively. Overall survival for all patients was 81.7 and 70.7 % at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Disease free survival and locoregional recurrence-free survival at 5 years was 64.6 and 89.2 %, respectively. There was no association of survival with stage, regional nodal status or subsite. The most common side effect attributed to treatment was acute dysphagia (75.25 %) followed by odynophagia, xerostomia and hypogeusia. Hospitalizations and non-hospitalization emergency department visits attributed to treatment totalled 33 and 11, respectively. Hematologic toxicities greater than grade II were: 11.9 % neutropenia, 6.3 % anemia, 1.8 % thrombocytopenia. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 5.0 % (8/160).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the overall, disease-free and locoregional recurrence-free survival of patients treated with carboplatin and radiotherapy for advanced stage OPSCC parallels what has been described in the literature for cisplatin, with an acceptable side effect profile.
Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions
Authors: Leite Jaqueline Santos Moreira , Cruzat Vinicius Fernandes , Krause Mauricio , Homem de Bittencourt Paulo Ivo
Published: October 2016

Aging is an intricate process modulated by different molecular and cellular events, such as genome instability, epigenetic and transcriptional changes, molecular damage, cell death and senescence, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Particularly, protein quality control (chaperone systems) tends to be negatively affected by aging, thus leading to cellular senescence in metabolic tissues and, as a consequence, to the increasing dissemination of inflammation throughout the body. The heat shock (HS) response and its associated expression of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory molecular chaperones, are found to be markedly decreased during muscle inactivity and aging, while evidence supports the loss of HSP70 as a key mechanism which may drive muscle atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and reduced regenerative capacity. In addition, abnormal stress response is linked with higher incidence of neurodegenerative diseases as well as low-grade inflammatory diseases that are associated with physical inactivity and obesity. Therefore, strategies to increase or, at least, to maintain the levels of HSP70, and its accompanying HS response to stress, are key to reduce biological cell dysfunctions that occur in aging. In this sense, physical exercise is of note as it is the most powerful inducer of the HS response, comparable only to heat stress and fever-like conditions. On the other hand, the amino acidl-glutamine, whose production within the skeletal muscle and liberation into the blood stream is dependent on muscle activity, is a potentializer of HSP70 expression and HS response, particularly via its entering in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Herein, we discuss the collaborative role of glutamine (and its donors/precursors) and physical exercise (mostly responsible for glutamine release into the circulation) as potential tools to increase HSP70 expression and the HS response in the elderly.
Asymmetric chirplet transform — Part 2: Phase, frequency, and chirp rate
Authors: Boßmann Florian , Ma Jianwei
Published: October 2016

An asymmetric chirplet transform, also called the asymmetric Gaussian chirplet model (AGCM), was recently introduced for fast and accurate extraction of important information from seismic signals. Unlike Fourier or wavelet transforms with fixed base functions, the AGCM is an adaptive sparse representation based on the physical parameters of the given data. The atoms of AGCM, so-called chirplets, display asymmetric oscillation-attenuation properties. The AGCM decomposes seismic signals into nonstationary compressed plane waves. The waves or atoms consist of two parts with seven physical parameters: the envelope and frequency parts. We have determined how to reconstruct the envelope part (e.g., envelope amplitude and arrival time) of the seismic data. We concentrate on the frequency part that involves three parameters: phase, frequency, and chirp rate. A Newton method with a step-size choice is established to deal with the highly oscillating frequency part of AGCM. The model parameters or coefficients in the transform domain may not only provide explicit physical interpretation (e.g., local phase of signal), but they can also be potentially used for feature extraction and other applications. Numerical results indicate excellent approximation results with good runtime performance. Physically reasonable parameter interpretation is demonstrated.
Rodent models in neuroscience research: is it a rat race?
Authors: Ellenbroek Bart , Youn Jiun
Published: October 2016

Rodents (especially Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus) have been the most widely used models in biomedical research for many years. A notable shift has taken place over the last two decades, with mice taking a more and more prominent role in biomedical science compared to rats. This shift was primarily instigated by the availability of a much larger genetic toolbox for mice, particularly embryonic-stem-cell-based targeting technology for gene disruption. With the recent emergence of tools for altering the rat genome, notably genome-editing technologies, the technological gap between the two organisms is closing, and it is becoming more important to consider the physiological, anatomical, biochemical and pharmacological differences between rats and mice when choosing the right model system for a specific biological question. The aim of this short review and accompanying poster is to highlight some of the most important differences, and to discuss their impact on studies of human diseases, with a special focus on neuropsychiatric disorders.
Rheumatoid arthritis: identifying and characterising polymorphisms using rat models
Authors: Yau Anthony C. Y. , Holmdahl Rikard
Published: October 2016

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder characterised by erosive inflammation of the articular cartilage and by destruction of the synovial joints. It is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, and, currently, there is no preventative treatment or cure for this disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified ∼100 new loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis, in addition to the already known locus within the major histocompatibility complex II region. However, together, these loci account for only a modest fraction of the genetic variance associated with this disease and very little is known about the pathogenic roles of most of the risk loci identified. Here, we discuss how rat models of rheumatoid arthritis are being used to detect quantitative trait loci that regulate different arthritic traits by genetic linkage analysis and to positionally clone the underlying causative genes using congenic strains. By isolating specific loci on a fixed genetic background, congenic strains overcome the challenges of genetic heterogeneity and environmental interactions associated with human studies. Most importantly, congenic strains allow functional experimental studies be performed to investigate the pathological consequences of natural genetic polymorphisms, as illustrated by the discovery of several major disease genes that contribute to arthritis in rats. We discuss how these advances have provided new biological insights into arthritis in humans.
A RATional choice for translational research?
Authors: Aitman Tim , Dhillon Paraminder , Geurts Aron M.
Published: October 2016

Future prospects continue to be strong for research using the rat as a model organism. New technology has enabled the proliferation of many new transgenic and knockout rat strains, the genomes of more than 40 rat strains have been sequenced, publications using the rat as a model continue to be produced at a steady rate, and discoveries of disease-associated genes and mechanisms from rat experiments abound, frequently with conservation of function between rats and humans. However, advances in genome technology have led to increasing insights into human disease directly from human genetic studies, pulling more and more researchers into the human genetics arena and placing funding for model organisms and their databases under threat. This, therefore, is a pivotal time for rat-based biomedical research – a timely moment to review progress and prospects – providing the inspiration for a new Special Collection focused on the impact of the model on translational science, launched in this issue of Disease Models & Mechanisms. What disease areas are most appropriate for research using rats? Why should the rat be favoured over other model organisms, and should the present levels of funding be continued? Which approaches should we expect to yield biologically and medically useful insights in the coming years? These are key issues that are addressed in the original Research Articles and reviews published in this Special Collection, and in this introductory Editorial. These exemplar articles serve as a landmark for the present status quo after a decade of major advances using the rat model and could help to guide the direction of rat research in the coming decade.
From rat pathophysiology to genomic medicine: an interview with Howard Jacob
Authors: Jacob Howard
Published: October 2016

Howard Jacob is best known for pioneering genomic sequencing of a patient to solve a mysterious pediatric case in 2010. With roots in pharmacology and cardiovascular disease, however, his career has largely been dedicated to dissecting the physiology and genetics of the rat to help understand complex human diseases. Howard was Director of the Human and Molecular Genetics Center at the Medical College of Wisconsin for 16 years, during which time he applied a combination of approaches, including quantitative genetics, integrative physiology and next-generation sequencing, in rat models to shed light on cardiovascular, metabolic and renal disorders. He was a key contributor to the genomic toolbox for rat research, and generated the first targeted-knockout rat models using zinc-finger-nuclease technology. He also contributed to sequencing of the rat genome and establishment of the Rat Genome Database. In this interview, Howard provides his perspectives on the past, present and future of rat-based translational research and explains why, despite his many successes as the leader of a rat group, he recently made the transition to clinical genomics.
Null hypothesis significance testing: a short tutorial
Authors: Pernet Cyril
Published: October 2016

Although thoroughly criticized, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) remains the statistical method of choice used to provide evidence for an effect, in biological, biomedical and social sciences. In this short tutorial, I first summarize the concepts behind the method, distinguishing test of significance (Fisher) and test of acceptance (Newman-Pearson) and point to common interpretation errors regarding the p-value. I then present the related concepts of confidence intervals and again point to common interpretation errors. Finally, I discuss what should be reported in which context. The goal is to clarify concepts to avoid interpretation errors and propose reporting practices.
Leading articles in medical journals in 1966
Authors: Stimpson Philippa J , Marks Daniel JB
Published: October 2016

The British Journal of Hospital Medicine is 50 years old. This article takes a look back at articles published during the year of its inception from the British Medical Journal, the Lancet and the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Pyrexia of unknown origin in clinical practice
Authors: Bharucha Tehmina , Cockbain Beatrice , Brown Michael
Published: October 2016

This article revisits concepts of pyrexia of unknown origin to reflect current clinical practice. It describes the evolution of the term, in line with the changing spectrum and pace of investigations, and introduces key questions that may be used to evaluate a pyrexia of unknown origin.
The real priorities in education
Authors: Keates Chris
Published: October 2016

At a time of great challenge in education, the government must focus on the real priorities and not create divisions via selection, says Chris Keates
Survival and revival: Clay traditions in the Sindh region
Authors: Salim Sadia
Published: October 2016

Two distinct clay traditions in Sindh, a province in southern Pakistan, date back to the Indus Valley Civilization and the Muslim period beginning in the eighth century. Field studies undertaken over the last twenty years show continuation of these clay traditions in the province, such that the working methods, materials, decorative designs, tools and equipment have not changed to a great extent. However, a slow decline in the number of practicing artisans from the traditional Kumbhar and Kashigar families and deterioration of the craft was observed. Therefore, it becomes pertinent to understand the impact of recent interventions to revive the craft. This article discusses the survival of the craft of glazed and unglazed terracotta over the centuries. The discussion reveals that kashikari (the craft of glazed decorated terracotta) receives considerable attention of individuals and organizations aiming to work with or aid the artisans whereas the craft of traditional unglazed terracotta remains almost neglected. It was found that some of the interventions initiated by the government that have taken place in the last seven or eight years have not had the desired beneficial effects. The proposition of this article is that serious and informed effort is required to restore craftsmanship and cultivate markets to benefit the artisans.
Portrait Review
Authors: Woolley Martin
Published: October 2016

Authenticity in practice – the work of Eleanor Glover
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Woolley Martin , Campbell Annabelle
Published: October 2016

Gallery Survival in the Age of Austerity, Craft and Design Gallery, Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, 2016

Making Movies: The first UK craft film festival
Conference Review
Authors: Goldthorpe Charlotte
Published: October 2016

Review of the Creative Cut 2 – the Second International Conference for Creative Pattern Cutting, University of Huddersfield, UK, 24–25 February 2016
Promoting intercultural sensitivity through New Korean Cinema films
Authors: Park Heebon , Finch Andrew
Published: October 2016

This article examines the effectiveness of New Korean Cinema films in promoting intercultural sensitivity among international and indigenous university students, when studied as course content in an interactive, English-mediated, student-centred learning environment. Building on findings regarding the use of films to improve linguistic and cultural awareness, students with various cultural backgrounds and first languages were exposed to traditional, ethnic and modern aspects of Korean culture in New Korean Cinema films, through engaging in research, giving presentations and performing role-plays. Student perceptions and evidence of positive attitude change were accessed through a qualitative approach, triangulating responses to a course questionnaire (based on Bennett’s Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity), a pre/post-course online survey, and a focus-group interview session. Findings indicated that intercultural sensitivity and awareness were noticeably enhanced by the end of the semester; international students found the films stimulating, authentic and informative, and Korean students reported that awareness and appreciation of their cultural heritage was significantly heightened. It is therefore suggested that New Korean Cinema films offer a valuable means of promoting regional and global intercultural understanding, while presenting opportunities for reflection on the rapidly changing nature of Korean culture.
Drawing the troubled artist abroad: Guy Delisle’s visual travelogues
Authors: Dong Lan
Published: October 2016

This article interrogates the multiple roles Guy Delisle plays – author, narrator and commentator – all at once in his visual narratives: Shenzhen: A Travelogue from China (2006b), Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea (2007b) and Burma Chronicles (2008). It examines how Delisle represents his interaction with foreign lands and people as well as the negative and positive impression left by travel through his first-person narrator, a troubled artist abroad. In particular, this article discusses three aspects of Delisle’s travelogues: personal perspective, non-linear narrative structure, and the artist’s visual reflection of his trips to China, North Korea and Burma during and after the travel. Combining textual narrative with visual representation in the form of comics, Delisle’s books introduce a new dimension to travel writing.
Espiritualidade, Fé e Cura: um olhar sobre a Religiosidade Popular
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Monteiro de , Herbes Nilton Eliseu
Published: October 2016

A valorização da dimensão espiritual e o estudo da espiritualidade dão significado a algumas interrogações humanas muito ligadas aos valores, a estilos de vida e a crenças do ser humano em Deus. Neste sentido, o presente artigo teve por objetivo descrever e compreender experiências de fé e busca pela cura, por meio da religiosidade popular, tendo como base o estudo de caso dos centros religiosos de Juazeiro do Norte, no Ceará, e São Leopoldo, no Rio Grande do Sul. Ambos possuírem tradição na realização de romarias: para o Padre Cícero ou “Padim Ciço”, no caso de Juazeiro; e, para o Padre Réus, no caso de São Leopoldo. Pode-se constatar que a fé dos romeiros é concebida como proteção, confiança, sustentação e alcance de graça. Deste modo, no tocante ao processo de saúde-doença, na assistência do profissional de saúde é necessário que se enxergue nos pacientes, corpo, mente, alma e espírito, promovendo o cuidado integral do ser humano.
A Prevalência de Hipóxia perinatal em gemelares de Maternidade Pública em Juazeiro do Norte – CE
Authors: Barbosa Maria de Lourdes Gomes , Castro Célia Maria Machado Barbosa de , Telles Maria Valéria Leimig , Belarmino Ana Luísa Barbosa , Parente Lucas Leimig Telles , Mendonça Aléxia Bezerra de , Parente Rodrigo Emmanuel Leimig Telles
Published: October 2016

Hipóxia perinatal é considerada como uma das condições fetais que pode está relacionada à gemelaridade. Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a prevalência de hipóxia perinatal em gemelares.Trata-se de um estudo transversal, utilizando a revisão de prontuários de gemelares nascidos vivos, de janeiro a dezembro de 2013, no Hospital Municipal São Lucas, em Juazeiro do Norte-CE. O número total dos partos gemelares foi de 34 partos dos quais, a hipóxia apresentou um percentual de 50% ou seja, 17 casos. A maior prevalência dos dados maternos foi: 94% das mulheres tinham entre 16 e 35 anos de idade; 65% eram solteiras; 59% tinham o ensino fundamental completo; 94% tiveram entre 1 a 5 gestações; 65% fizeram entre 6 a 10 consultas de pré-natal; 88% tinham menos de 37 semanas de idade gestacional; 32% eram fumantes e 68% não. Os resultados dos dados de RNs foram:65% foram de parto cesário; 76% apresentação cefálica; 41% tiveram menos de 12 horas no tempo de bolsa rota durante o parto; 65% com Apgar acima de 5 no quinto minuto de vida; 34% do sexo masculinos e 47% femininos; 50% tinham menos de 34 semanas de vida e 53% tinham baixo peso ao nascer. Ressalvamos que muitas das causas que contribuíram para a hipóxia em gemelaressão  passíveis  de serem modificados através  de medidas preventivas no serviço de saúde. Para isso é fundamental uma adequada assistência à gestante durante o pré-natal, assim como, uma atenção humanizada ao parto e ao recém-nascido.