bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Top-Down Phenomenon Observed in the Outer Rainbands of Typhoon Maysak (2020): Insights from the Comparative Analysis of Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics with a Typical Precipitation Event in Northeast China
Authors: Liu Tianao , Chen Yilun , Zuo Haosheng , Zhang Aoqi , Pan Xiao , Chen Shumin , Li Weibiao
Published: April 2024

Cloud and precipitation microphysics in tropical cyclones (TCs) moving toward Northeast China may exhibit significant distinctions compared with the typical precipitation of this region. In this study, observations from ground-based particle size velocity (Parsivel) disdrometers in Liaoning Province, China, and cloud property data from the Himawari geostationary satellite were utilized to analyze the raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics and cloud vertical evolution associated with the outer rainbands of Typhoon Maysak (2020). A comparative analysis was conducted with a typical precipitation event in Northeast China induced by a cold vortex (cold-core low). Our findings reveal distinctive DSD characteristics related to the TC, where medium-sized raindrops dominate, with a smaller diameter but higher concentration in the TC case compared to the typical cold-vortex-induced precipitation case in Northeast China. Convective precipitation falls between maritime-like and continental-like patterns, leaning more toward continental convection. This varies significantly with TCs in Southeast China but is similar to that observed in coastal-front-like rainbands, suggesting extratropical influence. A detailed analysis of the vertical profile of cloud droplets shows a unique “top-down” phenomenon during the extratropical transition process of the TC, where the development of lower-level clouds follows that of upper-level clouds, inconsistent with previous studies and the case for comparison. Further investigation indicates the significant role of the intrusion of dry and cold air from upper levels and the presence of high humidity in low levels in driving this phenomenon. Our results will provide novel insights into cloud and precipitation microphysics associated with TCs in midlatitude regions.
“Radicals” and “Racists”: Morality and Identity in U.S. Elite Political Communication
Authors: Eddy Kirsten A.
Published: April 2024

This study examines how elite political and media actors strategically leverage moral claims for partisan ends, transforming political identities, issues, and campaigns into zero-sum moral contests against their opposition. Here, I develop a framework for and approach to the study of morality as a strategic and identity-based tool in political communication, in the process developing a way of studying powerful and pervasive forms of political discourse often overlooked by scholarship. I show how partisan actors have identity-based motivations for employing particular forms of moral political communication, including religious, social, and civic morality. I then apply this framework to the case of the U.S. 2020 election, conducting context-sensitive computational and qualitative content analyses of elite political communication across political talk shows, op-eds, and campaign Twitter discourse. Results reveal the pervasive nature of moral political communication in these spaces. This work shows how, as U.S. political parties increasingly represent divergent and less cross-cutting groups of people, elite actors draw upon moral claims to attract and perform for particular ideological, religious, racial, and ethnic identity coalitions—often drawing from the same moral vocabulary to articulate opposing visions of democracy and civic life.
Comparing Accuracy of Night Radiology Interpretations for Pediatric Trauma: Radiology Residents Versus Attending Teleradiologists
Authors: Martino Alice M. , Yeates Eric O. , Grigorian Areg , Chinn Justine , Young Hayley , Colin Escobar Jessica , Glavis-Bloom Justin , Anavim Arash , Yaghmai Vahid , Nguyen Ninh T. , Dolich Matthew , Schubl Sebastian D. , Goodman Laura F. , Guner Yigit S. , Nahmias Jeffry
Published: April 2024

Background: Overnight radiology coverage for pediatric trauma patients (PTPs) is addressed with a combination of on-call radiology residents (RRs) and/or attending teleradiologists (ATs); however, the accuracy of these two groups has not been investigated for PTPs. We aimed to compare the accuracy of RRs vs AT interpretations of computed tomography (CT) scans for PTPs. Methods: Pediatric trauma patients (<18 years old) at a single level-I adult/level-II pediatric trauma center were studied in a retrospective analysis (3/2019-5/2020). Computed tomography scans interpreted by both RRs and ATs were included. Radiology residents were compared to ATs for time to interpretation (TTI) and accuracy compared to faculty attending radiologist interpretation, using the validated RADPEER scoring system. Additionally, RR and AT accuracies were compared to a previously studied adult cohort during the same time-period. Results: 42 PTPs (270 interpretations) and 1053 adults (8226 interpretations) were included. Radiology residents had similar rates of discrepancy (13.3% vs 13.3%), major discrepancy (4.4% vs 4.4%), missed findings (9.6% vs 12.6%), and overcalls (3.7% vs .7%) vs ATs (all P > .05). Mean TTI was shorter for RRs (55.9 vs 90.4 minutes, P < .001). Radiology residents had a higher discrepancy rate for PTPs (13.3% vs 7.5%, P = .01) than adults. Attending teleradiologists had a similar discrepancy rate for PTPs and adults (13.3% vs 8.9%, P = .07). Discussion: When interpreting PTP CT imaging, RRs had similar discrepancy rates but faster TTI than ATs. Radiology residents had a higher discrepancy rate for PTP CTs than RR interpretation of adult patients, indicating both RRs and ATs need more focused training in the interpretation of PTP studies.
Deaths After Readmissions are Mostly Attributable to Failure-to-Rescue in EGS Patients
Authors: Coimbra Raul , Kim Maru , Allison-Aipa Timothy , Zakhary Bishoy , Kwon Junsik , Firek Matthew , Coimbra Bruno Cammarota , Costantini Todd W. , Haynes Laura N. , Edwards Sara B.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

We have recently shown that readmission after EGS procedures carries a 4-fold higher mortality rate when compared to those not readmitted. Understanding factors associated with death after readmission is paramount to improving outcomes for EGS patients. We aimed to identify risk factors contributing to failure-to-rescue (FTR) during readmission after EGS. We hypothesized that most post-readmission deaths in EGS are attributable to FTR.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study using the NSQIP database 2013-2019 was performed. Patients who underwent 1 of 9 urgent/emergent surgical procedures representing 80% of EGS burden of disease, who were readmitted within 30 days post-procedure were identified. The procedures were classified as low- and high-risk. Patient characteristics analyzed included age, sex, BMI, ASA score comorbidities, postoperative complications, frailty, and FTR. The population was assessed for risk factors associated with mortality and FTR by uni- and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Of 312,862 EGS cases, 16,306 required readmission. Of those, 10,748 (3.4%) developed a postoperative complication. Overall mortality after readmission was 2.4%, with 90.6% of deaths attributable to FTR. Frailty, high-risk procedures, pulmonary complications, AKI, sepsis, and the need for reoperation increased the risk of FTR.

Discussion

Death after a complication is common in EGS readmissions. The impact of FTR could be minimized with the implementation of measures to allow early identification and intervention or prevention of infectious, respiratory, and renal complications.
Paradigm Shifts in Vascular Surgery: Analysis of the Top 100 Innovative and Disruptive Academic Publications
Authors: Gallagher Shea , Vojvodic Vanya , Dilday Joshua , Park Stephen , Ugarte Chaiss , McGillen Patrick , Plotkin Anastasia , Magee Gregory A. , Inaba Kenji , Martin Matthew
Published: April 2024

Background

Disruption score (DS) is a novel bibliometric created to identify research that shifts paradigms, which may be overlooked by citation count (CC). We analyzed the most disruptive, compared to the most cited, literature in vascular surgery, and hypothesized that DS and CC would not correlate.

Methods

A PubMed search identified vascular surgery publications from 1954 to 2014. The publications were linked to the iCite NIH tool and DS algorithm to identify the top 100 studies by CC and DS, respectively. The publications were reviewed for study focus, design, and contribution, and subsequently compared.

Results

A total of 56,640 publications were identified. The top 100 DS papers were frequently published in J Vasc Sur (43%) and Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg (13%). The top 100 CC papers were frequently published in N Engl J Med (32%) and J Vasc Sur (20%). The most cited article is the fifth most disruptive; the most disruptive article is not in the top 100 cited papers. The DS papers had a higher mean DS than the CC papers (.17 vs .0001, P < .0001). The CC papers had a higher mean CC than the DS papers (866 vs 188, P < .0001). DS and CC are weakly correlated metrics (r = .22, P = .03).

Discussion

DS was weakly correlated with CC and captured a unique subset of literature that created paradigm shifts in vascular surgery. DS should be utilized as an adjunct to CC to avoid overlooking impactful research and influential researchers, and to measure true academic productivity.
Great Debates: Surgery or Watch and Wait After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ali Ayaa , Lee Wang Fai , O’Leary Michael P. , Whealon Matthew
Published: April 2024

Locally advanced rectal cancer has traditionally been treated with multimodal therapy including neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection. More recent data suggests that in appropriate patients, total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) makes it possible to adopt a “watch and wait” approach. Advocates for watch and wait argue that patients with a complete or near-complete clinical response to TNT have comparable overall and disease-free survival to their counterparts who undergo surgical resection, and also have a better quality of life, fewer complications, and potentially avoid a stoma. The dogma of surgery as regional curative intent therapy has been challenged by similar recurrence rates among those treated with total mesorectal excision (TME) and those treated with watch and wait. Furthermore, those who develop local recurrence in the watch and wait groups are equally salvageable, either by surgery, brachytherapy, or chemotherapy. While watch and wait is not appropriate in all patients, this manuscript highlights the benefits and drawbacks of both therapeutic modalities.
Incorporating physical activities in teaching practice
Authors: Gilmore Linda , Sullivan Karen A. , Hughes Brenda
Published: April 2024

Although the value of physical activity for physical and mental health is well accepted, benefits for learning are less clear. Research about the incorporation of physical activity in teaching practice and the benefits teachers perceive for student learning and behaviour is sparse. In the current study, Australian teachers ( n = 222) completed an online survey. Over 70% of the participants reported using physical activity in their teaching practice. Activities included movement breaks, such as stretches and balancing games, or ones that were intended to stimulate the brain, described as ‘crossing the midline’ exercises. Some teachers integrated physical activity with academic content, such as tossing a ball while practising math facts. Among the perceived benefits of physical activity were energising students and promoting their engagement with learning. Overall, there was strong acceptance of the value of incorporating physical activity in teaching practice.
Insecurity, Counterterrorism and the Use of Private Military and Security Companies in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ike Tarela Juliet , Jidong Dung Ezekiel , Ike Mieyebi Lawrence , Ayobi Evangelyn Ebi
Published: April 2024

Insecurity and terrorism pose significant concerns in Nigeria. Yet, there is a paucity of research on citizens’ and private security providers’ (PSP) perceptions of Nigeria’s response to insecurity and the use of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs). The study adopts a qualitative approach, and data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 63 participants, including PSP, non-governmental organisations and lay participants from the public and private sectors in Nigeria. Thematic analysis from a social constructionist theoretical lens was used to analyse the data. The study found a lack of confidence in the Nigerian security forces, scepticism towards the perceived government’s insincere politicisation of military victory, positive reinforcement of the use of private military companies devoid of identity, ‘othering’, and perceived short-term use of private military security. It also found a perceived mistrust for government approaches in handling insecurity and a positive outlook towards involving PMSCs and mercenaries in combating terrorism regardless of the participants’ identities as Nigerians. In conclusion, the study recommends the need for policies to strengthen Nigerian security agencies to avoid a perceived trust for PMSCs instead of state security.
Managing Brand Relationship Plurality: Insights from the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Gruber Verena , Deschênes Jonathan
Published: April 2024

The nonprofit sector is home to some of the most recognized and trustworthy brands, all competing for financial resources and volunteers. Akin to consumers, volunteers have relationships with nonprofit brands. These relationships have recently become more diverse as individuals increasingly look for more ephemeral and distant forms of involvement. Drawing on an extensive qualitative dataset of the Vienna Red Cross comprising participant observation, archival data, and in-depth interviews, the authors conceptualize this nonescalating, episodic engagement as a neither-growing-nor-fading (NGNF) relationship. This theorization adds to the literature on consumer–brand relationships, which has predominantly focused on the cultivation of strong relationships. Informed by practice theory, the authors elaborate distinct brand relationship practices key to successfully maintaining NGNF relationships (acquiring and activating) while catering to volunteers following the traditional path of relationship intensification (building and cultivating). The analysis identifies constellations of practice elements conducive to managing both types of brand relationships in a symbiotic manner. The authors argue for the importance of moving beyond an exclusive focus on relationship growth and embracing nonescalating relationships. This study thus contributes to nascent theorizing on brand relationships that do not follow an axiology that values growth and intensification.
Three-dimensional simulation of heat and moisture transfer in woven fabric structures
Authors: Wang Hengyu , Li Jie , Liu Zheng , Yang Yunchu , Seyam Abdel-Fattah M.
Published: April 2024

Fabric structure parameters have a significant impact on the comfort of heat and moisture transfer in garments. Previous numerical simulations required extensive mathematical calculations and mostly investigated one- or two-dimensional models of fiber assembly without considering the weave structure, which is a key parameter, that significantly influences the porosity of the woven structure and consequently its heat and moisture management. While the finite element method supports the simulation of the optimal shape and material properties with better visibility, previous finite element models focused on heat transfer and neglected water vapor transfer in fabrics. In this article, the finite element simulation of heat and moisture transfer in woven fabrics is established based on the testing principle of thermal resistance and moisture resistance tester using COMSOL Multiphysics software. In this simulation, three-dimensional parametric geometrical models of the fabric are created using curve interpolation methods by acquiring the control point coordinates of different weaves (plain, 2/2 balanced twill, and 4/1 unbalanced twill weaves). Heat and moisture transfer properties of fabric models in the horizontal and vertical directions were analyzed, including the heat flux, moisture resistance, water vapor permeability, and water vapor concentration. The article also deals with the effects of weave structure and fabric cover in a range of 72.1–85.1% on the fabric heat flux and water vapor concentration. Comparison between model and experimental results revealed that the three-dimensional simulation can accurately predict the impact of weave pattern and fabric cover on the fabric heat and moisture transfer performance. In addition, this model can be utilized to study the distribution of heat and water vapor within fabrics, providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing heat and moisture comfort in woven fabrics.
Low cost smart phone based laryngoscopy for the assessment of vocal cords in patients undergoing thyroid surgery: A pilot study
Authors: Gautam Maithily , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Agarwal Pawan , Sharma Dhananjaya
Published: April 2024

Can a smart phone application be reliably used for laryngoscopy? This thesis was tested for peri-operative evaluation of vocal cords in patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery.
Resident Perspectives on a Pre-booking Diversion Program
Authors: McClelland Evan , Shefner Ruth T. , Johnson Josephine , Anderson Evan D.
Published: April 2024

Numerous cities are experimenting with pre-booking diversion programs that allow police officers to divert community members to supportive services in instances that would otherwise result in arrest and prosecution. These programs aim to decrease harmful involvement with the criminal justice system while reducing crime and public disorder. Although previous research has explored the experiences of people receiving diversion referrals and of police officers initiating them, none have examined the perspectives of community members who can offer crucial insights into planning, evaluation, and implementation barriers. We administered a survey to 293 people living in four police districts where the Philadelphia Police Department operates a pre-booking diversion program. The survey explored residents’ perspectives on the program as well as their broader views on associated issues like decriminalization of substance use, sex work, and minor theft. Bivariate χ2 tests and multivariate logistic regression examined differences in responses between subgroups. Perspectives were diverse and varied based on demographic attributes of the respondents as well as on district-level attributes, like crime patterns. Most surveyed community members perceived pre-booking diversion to be a valuable tool for improving the experiences and outcomes of policing. However, residents living in areas with more crime and with more public disorder held significantly less positive perspectives. Their skepticism may reflect the possibility that pre-booking diversion and similar reforms are necessary but not sufficient to transforming individual health and public safety in some areas.
Sinonasal Angiomatous Polyp: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: R Bouatay , N Bouaziz , A Zrig , R Hadhri , K Harrathi , J Koubaa
Published: April 2024

Sinonasal angiomatous polyp (SAP) is a benign pseudoneoplastic lesion rarely reported in the literature. It may be misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm due to its aggressive features of bone erosion clinically or on imaging. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman with a 3 month history of unilateral nasal obstruction with recurrent epistaxis. Nasal endoscopy showed polypoid nasal mass occupying the left nasal cavity. Imaging was suggestive of malignant vascular tumor. The patient underwent surgical excision after embolization. Histopathology concluded to the diagnosis of SAP.
A Novel Case of Cervical Lipoma Arising From Surgical Incision
Authors: Hamdi Mohammad , Hammoud Kinana Jamal , Issa Mohammad Yasin , Assad Asef
Published: April 2024

Lipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor primarily found in subcutaneous fat. Post-traumatic lipoma (PTL) sporadically associates with blunt of penetrating trauma, but the exact mechanism remains not fully understood. This article unveils a rare case of a 32-year-old male presenting with a cervical lipoma at a previous surgical incision, an unprecedented occurrence. The patient incidentally detected the mass and underwent complete excision, with pathology confirming the diagnosis. The etiology of PTL remains speculative, with proposed mechanisms postulating inflammatory chemokines inducing preadipocyte differentiation and acute trauma causing septal rupture, allowing lipoma formation. Notably, the prior use of blade in our patient’s surgical procedure aligns with this hypothesis. The varied nature of trauma encompasses acute, blunt, and penetrating injuries. This case represents the second instance attributed to penetrating trauma and the first occurrence at a surgical incision site.
Lexical production and cognitive control in sequential bilinguals immersed in two different contexts of language use
Authors: Raisman-Carlovich Alejandra Jessica , Arias-Trejo Natalia , Carrasco-Ortiz Elia Haydée
Published: April 2024

Recent investigations have highlighted that the linguistic characteristics of the contexts in which bilinguals are immersed might account for processing differences both at the lexical and cognitive levels. The present study examined the extent to which verbal and non-verbal cognitive performance in bilinguals varied as a function of two different contexts of language use: separate or integrated. The separate context was characterized by participants’ use of Spanish and English in specific situations and with different interlocutors, whereas the integrated context was characterized by the frequent use of both languages in the same situations and with the same interlocutors. Participants were two groups of young Mexican-born sequential Spanish-L1–English-L2 bilinguals ( n = 50, 34 females), who reported either the separate or integrated use of both languages. We found a positive correlation between overall linguistic exposure and the number of words produced in English in a Category Fluency task for bilinguals in the integrated context. Our results also showed that more frequent code-switching positively correlated with the magnitude of the interference effect as measured with a Flanker task, but only for participants in the separate context. These results suggest that the separate or more integrated use of the more dominant language (L1) and the less dominant one (L2) can impact bilinguals’ performance differently in verbal and non-verbal cognitive tasks.
‘How long do you think?’ Unresponsive dying patients in a specialist palliative care service: A consecutive cohort study
Authors: O’Connor Tricia , Liu Wai-Man , Samara Juliane , Lewis Joanne , Paterson Catherine
Published: April 2024

Background:

Predicting length of time to death once the person is unresponsive and deemed to be dying remains uncertain. Knowing approximately how many hours or days dying loved ones have left is crucial for families and clinicians to guide decision-making and plan end-of-life care.

Aim:

To determine the length of time between becoming unresponsive and death, and whether age, gender, diagnosis or location-of-care predicted length of time to death.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study. Time from allocation of an Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS) 10 to death was analysed using descriptive narrative. Interval-censored survival analysis was used to determine the duration of patient’s final phase of life, taking into account variation across age, gender, diagnosis and location of death.

Setting/participants:

A total of 786 patients, 18 years of age or over, who received specialist palliative care: as hospice in-patients, in the community and in aged care homes, between January 1st and October 31st, 2022.

Results:

The time to death after a change to AKPS 10 is 2 days ( n = 382; mean = 2.1; median = 1). Having adjusted for age, cancer, gender, the standard deviation of AKPS for the 7-day period prior to death, the likelihood of death within 2 days is 47%, with 84% of patients dying within 4 days.

Conclusion:

This study provides valuable new knowledge to support clinicians’ confidence when responding to the ‘how long’ question and can inform decision-making at end-of-life. Further research using the AKPS could provide greater certainty for answering ‘how long’ questions across the illness trajectory.
The Moderating Role of Poverty on Parenting, Family Climate, and Early Adolescent Emotion Regulation
Authors: Hadley Wendy , McWhirter AnnaCecilia , Franz Daschel , Bogner Jaclyn , Barker David H. , Rizzo Christie , Houck Christopher D.
Published: April 2024

Among infants and children, family climate (e.g., warmth, cohesion, support) and parent emotion regulation (ER) modeling are found to shape ER development. Few studies have attended to this process during early adolescence, and most have neglected to examine the role of poverty, which creates additional challenges for parents and families. The current study examined the relationship between parent ER strategy use, family climate, and participation in a family intervention on adolescent ER and the moderating role of poverty among early adolescent males ( N = 119; 23% Latino; 55% White). After controlling for baseline adolescent ER difficulties and socio-cultural factors, analyses revealed that poverty moderated the relationship between family emotional climate and adolescent ER. Among early adolescent males, findings suggest that a positive family climate, among those not living in poverty, is key to facilitating adolescent emotion regulation abilities. This relationship warrants further evaluation among adolescent males living in poverty.
Successful guselkumab treatment of a refractory psoriasis patient with Graves’ disease: a case report
Authors: Shao Xinyi , Huang Kun , Chen Aijun , Liu Chuan , Xiong Jianxia , Pan Yun , Chen Xiaoli , Wang Ping
Published: April 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is associated with many autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and thyroid diseases. Graves’ disease (GD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by diffuse goitre and thyrotoxicosis. Management of psoriasis patients with GD is challenging. This current report presents the case of a 34-year-old female patient with refractory psoriasis with GD who was hospitalized for drug eruption and then experienced new-onset erythema and scaling following treatment with adalimumab and secukinumab. Despite the sequential move to phototherapy, tofacitinib and ustekinumab, the erythema and scaling continued unabated and exacerbated. Finally, switching to guselkumab resulted in the psoriasis lesions significantly improving. These findings suggest that guselkumab might be an effective treatment option for refractory psoriasis combined with GD.
Beyond Displacement: Political-Gentefiers Planning Their Barrio and Claiming Space Ownership
Authors: Shmaryahu-Yeshurun Yael
Published: April 2024

This study underscores the impact of Latino-led commercial gentrification on the political and cultural empowerment of the Latino community. The study is based on interviews, observations, and document analysis in Barrio Logan, San Diego. I propose the concept of “ political Gentefiers” and map activism patterns through which Latino gentrifiers engage in urban politics and planning. Although Latino gentrifiers enhance the community’s political and cultural power, their activity generates ambivalence among residents and gives rise to controversial local politics. The research findings shed light on Latino gentrifiers’ conflicting positionalities and roles in the processes of gentrification and the multiple inequalities in the Barrio.
SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) of nickel to reach global electric battery market in Indonesia
Authors: Haryadi Harta , Suseno Triswan , Herlina Ulin , Nurjaman Fajar , Prasetyo Erik , Handoko Anton Sapto , Okfarina Sri , Susanti Diah , Bahfie Fathan
Published: April 2024

In 2025, it is projected that global sales of battery-based electric cars (electric vehicle [EV]) will reach 145 million units, exceeding those of fuel vehicle-based cars (internal combustion engine [ICE]), so that in the future the demand for electric batteries (EBs) will be even greater. In managing the large nickel resources as raw material for electric vehicle batteries, new policies, and breakthroughs are needed so Indonesian electric vehicle batteries have high competitiveness in facing the global market. This study aims to analyse the condition of the electric vehicle battery industry sector in the global competitive arena, which consists of 14 countries with the world’s largest nickel resources and reserves. The results of the analysis show that, first, it is necessary to master technology and utilise qualified and professional human resources. Second, increasing the availability of supporting infrastructure for the establishment of electric vehicle battery factories, as well as improving the quality of electric vehicle batteries so that they are highly competitive to seize global market opportunities. The analysis can be used as input for the government to improve the competitiveness of electric vehicle batteries in facing the global market and the fulfilment of nickel needs for the domestic electric vehicle battery industry.
Violence Victimization and Depressive Symptoms Among a Sub-Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in a Population-Based South African Study
Authors: Metheny Nicholas , Mkhize Sthembiso Pollen , Scott Dalton , Hatcher Abigail
Published: April 2024

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults in South Africa face high levels of violence and poor mental health outcomes. Interventions to prevent these negative health implications are hampered by a lack of representative data among this population. This study aims to quantify the associations between three forms of violent victimization and depressive symptoms in a sub-sample of SGM drawn from a population-based cross-sectional study in Gauteng, South Africa. Data come from the sixth Quality of Life survey conducted in South Africa’s Gauteng province. Brief screeners assessed childhood sexual abuse (CSA), past-year intimate partner violence (IPV), non-partner violence, and depressive symptoms. Three survey-weighted logistic regression analyses were fit to model associations between elevated depressive symptoms and CSA, past-year IPV, and past-year non-partner violence, controlling for socio-demographics (age, race, sex, area of residence, education, socioeconomic status, and recent employment). N = 1,328 SGM respondents were included. Over 40% ( n = 537) reported depressive symptoms, while 17% ( n = 222) reported CSA, 5% ( n = 67) reported IPV, and 16% ( n = 208) reported non-partner violence. CSA and non-partner violence were associated with significantly higher odds of reporting depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI [1.03, 2.23]; aOR: 1.84, [1.24, 2.73], respectively). IPV was not associated with elevated depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.17, [0.64, 2.16]). In all models, employment in the past 7 days was associated with significantly lower odds of reporting depressive symptoms. Recent and childhood violence is a major burden that is associated with elevated symptoms of depression among SGM in urban South Africa. Community-tailored interventions and policy-related advocacy related to employment and violence prevention may alleviate depressive symptoms in SGM adults in Gauteng.
From Silos to Synergy in STEM Education: Promoting Interdisciplinary STEM Education to Enhance the Science Achievement of Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Hwang Jiwon (Lexi) , Choo Sam , Morano Stephanie , Liang Mengyuan , Kabel Matthew
Published: April 2024

Recent studies have posited that K-12 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education should go beyond traditional subject silos and take an interdisciplinary approach that integrates these core subjects into a cohesive curriculum to foster authentic problem-solving skills. The purpose of this study was to field test one of five proposed packages of interdisciplinary STEM lessons to examine its feasibility for further revisions of lesson development. The study employed a piecewise linear growth model to examine growth patterns of students’ science vocabulary acquisition and contextualized problem-solving skills during a 40-week observation period. Results showed that all students with learning disabilities ( N = 9) made significant knowledge gains in these two areas and maintained them for a long term—two and four weeks post intervention. Our findings are encouraging and provide initial evidence for effective lesson design to support STEM education for students with learning disabilities.
Entrepreneurial education in a pandemic era: Timeframes, demographics, and the nexus between teaching and experiential learning
Authors: Ghannad Navid , Sörensson Anna
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study examines the transformative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurial education during and after the pandemic. Methodology: Using action research-based case study with a mixed data collection method, that spans pre-, during, and post-COVID-19. Data collection involved class discussions in a final mandatory class, surveys sent after the end of the class, and official course evaluations. Findings: The pandemic-induced changes highlighted that extended instructional timeframes do not necessarily yield better entrepreneurial outcomes. A condensed, immersive approach fostered innovation and improved entrepreneurial mindsets. The hybrid teaching model introduced by the pandemic enriched class demographics, offering a broader spectrum of perspectives and enhancing discussions. Implications: The shift to digital and hybrid teaching models brought diverse student profiles, which, when appropriately harnessed, can enrich classroom discussions and peer learning. Future research should delve deeper into the motivations of distinct student groups and the long-term effects of current teaching strategies on entrepreneurial endeavors.
Deliberative mini-publics as a Confucian institution
Authors: Tong Zhichao
Published: April 2024

This article constructs a positive case for deliberative mini-publics (DMPs) from the perspective of contemporary Confucian political philosophy. Extant empirical and normative studies of DMPs have treated them primarily as a concrete way to instantiate the deliberative conception of legitimacy advocated by Western political philosophers such as John Rawls and Jurgen Habermas. Almost no attention has been paid to how certain non-Western philosophies like Confucianism could provide different understandings of such an institutional innovation. The article fills this gap by exploring why DMPs should be incorporated into the two ideal types of regimes considered by today’s Confucian political philosophers, Confucian democracy and Confucian political meritocracy. In this regard, it makes an original contribution to both the field of democratic theory and the emerging paradigm of Confucian public administration.
An imbalance multi-faults data transfer learning diagnosis method based on finite element simulation optimization model of rolling bearing
Authors: Gong Xiaoyun , Feng Kunpeng , Du Wenliao , Li Bangshuai , Fei Heyong
Published: April 2024

In practical engineering applications, rotating machinery is often in a healthy state, with more healthy samples and fewer multi-faults samples, which leads to be misdiagnosed. A finite element simulation model (FEM) is proposed to expand imbalanced multi-faults sample data. However, there is a significant difference in vibration response between the FEM simulation data and the measured data collected on the rotating machinery. Therefore, a method based on vibration response eigenvalue model correction has been adopted, aiming to narrow the gap between the simulation data and the measured data. In order to solve the problem of low accuracy of sample imbalance fault diagnosis under different working conditions, a transfer learning (TL) fault diagnosis method based on finite element simulation optimization model of rolling bearings to supplement imbalanced multi-fault data is proposed. Firstly, the FEM of healthy bearings is established, and the optimal radial clearance of bearings is obtained by modifying the vibration response eigenvalue model. Then, corresponding simulated fault vibration responses were obtained by setting composite faults on the optimal model. Finally, supplementing the unbalanced fault data with simulation data to create a mixed balanced dataset as samples, the TL model is trained to accomplish intelligent fault diagnosis for multi-faults. The experimental results show that using mixed data as training samples to train neural network models can improve the accuracy of transfer learning fault diagnosis by over 10%. Expanding fault samples by modifying the bearing clearance of the FEM is an effective method to address sample imbalance.
Numerical analysis of a poroelastic cartilage model: Investigating the influence of changing material properties in osteoarthritis
Authors: Uzuner Sabri
Published: April 2024

Several changes occur in both the cartilage's material properties and anatomical structure as osteoarthritis progresses. Unlike most numerical studies that solely consider individual changes, our study aimed to understand the impact on cartilage mechanics by considering the combined effect of material properties and cartilage thickness varied with osteoarthritis progression. In total, 3 three-dimensional finite element models, representing the intact, early, and late osteoarthritis conditions, were developed to simulate a load-bearing area in the knee. The articular cartilage was modelled as fluid-saturated linear biphasic poroelastic to incorporate solid-fluid interaction. All models underwent prolonged creep (50 N) and relaxation (0.3 mm) analyses for 600 s. In the early stage of osteoarthritis, the tibial cartilage demonstrated an overall stiffer behaviour attributed to cartilage swelling despite decreased stiffness at the material level. On the other hand, in the late stage of osteoarthritis, the decrease in cartilage thickness led to increased knee deformation. Additionally, increased permeability resulted in accelerated fluid exudation across all osteoarthritis models, and the elevation in void ratio further intensified fluid pressure within the cartilage to a higher magnitude. Furthermore, these changes collectively influenced both the magnitude and distribution of the outcomes. A holistic understanding of the material properties altered in osteoarthritis may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical performance of cartilage during disease progression.
Once and Again: Repeated Viewing Affects Judgments of Spontaneity and Preparation
Authors: Donnelly Kristin , Ryan William H. , Nelson Leif D.
Published: April 2024

Reality is fleeting, and any moment can only be experienced once. Rewatching a video, however, allows people to repeatedly observe the exact same moment. We propose that people may fail to fully distinguish between merely observing behavior again (through replay) from that behavior being performed again in the exact same way. Using an assortment of stimuli that included auditions, commercials, and potential trial evidence, we demonstrated through nine experiments ( N = 10,412 adults in the United States) that rewatching makes a recorded behavior appear more rehearsed and less spontaneous, as if the actors were simply precisely repeating their actions. These findings contribute to an emerging literature showing that incidental video features, like perspective or slow motion, can meaningfully change evaluations. Replay may inadvertently shape judgments in both mundane and consequential contexts. To understand how a video will influence its viewer, one will need to consider not only its content, but also how often it is viewed.
Managing municipal wastewater remediation employing alginate-immobilized marine diatoms and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Parikh Hirak , Saxena Abhishek , Mishra Bharti , Tyagi Rashi , Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Madhavan Aravind , Sindhu Raveendran , Tiwari Archana
Published: April 2024

Wastewater remediation has become a major environmental concern in recent years, which has led scientists to look for innovative sustainable solutions. Diatoms have emerged as a potentially effective solution for wastewater treatment, primarily because of their extraordinary ability to absorb nutrients and engage in metabolic processes. The present study aims to accomplish two goals, firstly, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing marine diatoms Chaetoceros sp. and Thalassiosira sp. Secondly, encapsulation of diatoms within a Ca-alginate hydrogel bead developed via the gelation method thus introducing a novel way to assess their effectiveness in nutrient bioremediation from wastewater. The study reveals that Thalassiosira sp. mediated AgNPs are very effective in removing phosphate and nitrate, with 74% and 65% removal rates respectively. Conversely, Chaetoceros sp. mediated AgNPs significantly decreased chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 73%. Furthermore, Thalassiosira sp. encapsulated in Ca-alginate hydrogel beads demonstrated significant removal rates: 64% for nitrate, 91% for phosphate, and 78% for COD, respectively. Furthermore, the biochemical profiles of both diatom-entrapped alginate beads were remarkable, and the approach shows potential for effective and sustainable wastewater treatment methods, which can further be investigated for long-term performance, scalability, and environmental impact on sustainability.
Long-term incidence, risk factors and complications for venous thromboembolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Nossent Johannes Cornelis , Keen Helen Isobel , Preen David Brian , Inderjeeth Charles Anoukpar
Published: April 2024

Aim

To compare frequency, incidence rates (IR), risk factors and outcomes of a first venous thromboembolic event (VTE) between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and controls.

Methods

Using state-wide longitudinal hospital data from Western Australia (WA), we recorded venous thrombosis (VT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with SLE ( n = 1854, median age 40, 86% female) and matched hospitalised controls ( n = 12,107, median age 40 years, females 88.6%) in the period 1985–2015. Results presented are medians, frequency, IR per 1000 person years (PY) and odds, rate, or adjusted hazard ratios (OR/RR/a-HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Patients with SLE had significantly higher odds (12.8 vs 3.3%; OR 4.26, CI 3.60–5.05) and IR for a first VTE (10.09 vs 1.52; RR 6.64; CI 5.56–7.79). Over the three study decades, the IR for PE declined in patients with SLE from 7.74 to 3.75/1000 PY ( p < .01) with no changes observed for VT or in controls. VTE recurred more frequently in patients with SLE (24.1% vs 10.2 %) ( p < .01). Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) (a-HR 4.24, CI 2.50–7.19), serositis (a-HR 2.70, CI 1.86–3.91), lupus nephritis (a-HR 1.75 CI 1.25–2.33) and thrombocytopenia (a-HR 1.65 (1.10–2.49) were the strongest disease risk factors for VTE only in patients with SLE, while arterial hypertension, smoking and obesity were independent VTE risk factors for both groups. VTE was not associated with an increased risk for arterial events, but PE increased the risk for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in both patients with SLE (a-HR 6.47, CI 3.73–11.23) and controls (a-HR 9.09, CI 3.50–23.63). VTE increased the risk of death in both patients with SLE (a-HR 2.02, CI 1.50–2.70) and controls (a-HR 6.63, CI 5.21–8.42) after 10 years of follow-up.

Conclusions

VTE affected 12.8% of patients with SLE at six times the VTE rate in controls with aPL as the strongest, but not the only risk factor in SLE. The risk of PH was increased in both groups following PE, but VTE did not associate with an increased risk of arterial events.
Demonised energy: Could nuclear power help Australia achieve net zero emissions by 2050?
Authors: Guglyuvatyy Evgeny
Published: April 2024

Nuclear energy is probably the most controversial source of energy praised by some and demonised by others. Although several countries acknowledge the benefits of nuclear power and continue to support its use, there are some nations such as Australia that reject nuclear energy. The implementation of the nuclear moratorium by the Australian federal government in 1998, coupled with the shared net zero ambition of the country, has the potential to reinvigorate a crucial debate on nuclear power. Revaluating the nuclear moratorium could foster public debate and private sector involvement, potentially enabling financially viable, safe, and environmentally sustainable nuclear power in the future.
Coffin confessions and contract: Why agreements to divulge secrets post-mortem might be unenforceable
Authors: Giancaspro Mark
Published: April 2024

Death and taxes are not only life’s two guarantees but also lucrative industries. The former has historically been dominated by morticians and funeral directors but now ‘coffin confessors’ have entered the market. These professionals are engaged to divulge specified information at the client’s funerary service, normally in an abrasive or humorous manner, for a fee. This article queries whether contracts for such services are unenforceable on the basis of illegality or public policy. It surmises that the only way ‘coffin confessions’ contracts could seemingly be enforceable is if they are performed in a manner that is likely contrary to the client’s instructions.
Identifying the Unmet Needs of People Living With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A National Survey to Inform Interdisciplinary Palliative Care
Authors: Washington Karla T. , Mechling Charlton A. , Pitzer Kyle A. , Maiser Samuel , Mehta Ambereen K.
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Aims: This national survey builds on previous qualitative research examining potential palliative care needs among people living with ALS (pALS) by quantifying and investigating relationships among pALS’ stage of illness progression; physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intimacy-related concerns; advance care planning behaviors; perceptions of feeling heard and understood by healthcare providers; and overall quality of life. Methods: Researchers partnered with national organizations to recruit pALS to participate in a one-time survey comprising items from validated instruments (eg, the ALS Specific Quality of Life Instrument-Revised) and researcher-generated measures. Data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression. Results: Among pALS (n = 112), many respondents indicated they had discussed their wishes for end-of-life care with family or friends, shared their wishes with providers, and documented their wishes in writing (79.5%, 49.1%, and 63.4%, respectively). Mean (M) quality of life scores were moderate (M ≈ 6 of 10). Illness stage was associated with documentation of end-of-life care wishes but not with having discussed these wishes with others or with overall quality of life. Reported emotional intimacy received was comparable to that desired (difference = .01 of 10); however, a greater desire for physical intimacy relative to that received was indicated (difference = 1.75 of 10). Discussion: Interdisciplinary palliative care teams may enhance ALS care by promoting advance care planning behaviors (particularly discussing one’s wishes with healthcare providers), providing interventions to improve quality of life, and supporting pALS in navigating challenges related to physical intimacy.