bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung Disease Classification in CXR Images Using Hybrid Inception-ResNet-v2 Model and Edge Computing
Authors: Sharma Chandra Mani , Goyal Lakshay , Chariar Vijayaraghavan M. , Sharma Navel
Published: March 2022

Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is one of the most widely used and economical tests to diagnose a wide range of diseases. However, even for expert radiologists, it is a challenge to accurately diagnose diseases from CXR samples. Furthermore, there remains an acute shortage of trained radiologists worldwide. In the present study, a range of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and transfer learning (TL) approaches have been evaluated to classify diseases in an openly available CXR image dataset. A combination of the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) and weighted class balancing is used to alleviate the effects of class imbalance. A hybrid Inception-ResNet-v2 transfer learning model coupled with data augmentation and image enhancement gives the best accuracy. The model is deployed in an edge environment using Amazon IoT Core to automate the task of disease detection in CXR images with three categories, namely pneumonia, COVID-19, and normal. Comparative analysis has been given in various metrics such as precision, recall, accuracy, AUC-ROC score, etc. The proposed technique gives an average accuracy of 98.66%. The accuracies of other TL models, namely SqueezeNet, VGG19, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2 are 97.33%, 91.66%, 90.33%, and 76.00%, respectively. Further, a DL model, trained from scratch, gives an accuracy of 92.43%. Two feature-based ML classification techniques, namely support vector machine with local binary pattern (SVM + LBP) and decision tree with histogram of oriented gradients (DT + HOG) yield an accuracy of 87.98% and 86.87%, respectively.
Lightweight YOLOv4 with Multiple Receptive Fields for Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Guo Zhitao , Wang Jiahao , Wang Jinghua , Yuan Jinli
Published: March 2022

The characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis are complex, and the cost of manual screening is high. The detection model based on convolutional neural network is an essential method for assisted diagnosis with artificial intelligence. However, it also has the disadvantages of complex structure and a large number of parameters, and the detection accuracy needs to be further improved. Therefore, an improved lightweight YOLOv4 pulmonary tuberculosis detection model named MIP-MY is proposed. Firstly, over 300 actual cases are selected to make a common dataset by professional physicians, which is used to evaluate the performance of the model. Subsequently, by introducing the inverted residual channel attention and the pyramid pooling module, a new structure of MIP is created and used as the backbone extractor of MIP-MY, which could further decrease the number of parameters and fuse context information. Then the multiple receptive field module is added after the three effective feature layers of the backbone extractor, which effectively enhances the information extraction ability of the deep feature layer and reduces the miss detection rate of small pulmonary tuberculosis lesions. Finally, the pulmonary tuberculosis detection model MIP-MY with lightweight and multiple receptive field characteristics is constructed by combining each improved modules with multiscale structure. Compared to the original YOLOv4, the model parameters of MIP-MY is reduced by 47%, while the mAP value is raised to 95.32% and the miss detection rate is decreased to 6%. It is verified that the model can effectively assist radiologists in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Online Education of a Music Flipped Classroom Based on Artificial Intelligence and Wireless Network
Authors: Peng Yu , Wang Xin
Published: March 2022

Music learning is increasing day-by-day as the individual’s interest is also growing. Not all interested individuals will attend the classes in offline mode. The introduction of online education overcomes this challenge. Similar to individual learning, classroom learning in music education is taking on a new perspective in offline and online modes. This combination of online and offline teaching modes is termed the “flipped classroom.” Flipped classrooms work with the support of two major technologies, such as artificial intelligence and wireless networking. The teachers and the students interact through an interactive device aided by intelligent networking facilities. A convolutional neural network is implemented to make the system smart by providing automatic classification of course materials. The proposed model is compared with the K-means algorithm. The findings demonstrated that the flipped classroom outperformed the existing model with an accuracy of 98.25%, which is 5.01% higher than the existing algorithm.
Vacuum-Sponge Therapy Placed through a Percutaneous Gastrostomy to Treat Spontaneous Duodenal Perforation
Authors: Martinho-Grueber Maude , Kapoglou Ioannis , Benz Eileen , Borbély Yves , Juillerat Pascal , Sarraj Riad
Published: March 2022

Duodenal perforation is rare and associated with a high mortality. Therapeutic strategies to address duodenal perforation include conservative, surgical, and endoscopic measures. Surgery remains the gold standard. However, endoscopic management is gaining ground mostly with the use of over-the-scope clips and vacuum-sponge therapy. A 67-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room for persistent epigastric pain, melena, and signs of sepsis. The physical assessment revealed reduced bowel sounds, involuntary guarding, and rebound tenderness in the upper abdominal quadrant. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the suspicion of ulcer perforation. The initial laparoscopic surgical approach required conversion to laparotomy with overstitching of the perforation. In the postoperative course, the patient developed signs of increased inflammation and dyspnea. A CT scan and an endoscopy revealed a postoperative leakage and pneumonia. We placed an endoscopic duodenal intraluminal vacuum-sponge therapy with endoscopic negative pressure for 21 days. The leakage healed and the patient was discharged. Most experience in endoscopic vacuum-sponge therapy for gastrointestinal perforations has been gained in the area of esophageal and rectal transmural defects, whereas only few reports have described its use in duodenal perforations. In our case, the need for further surgical management could be avoided in a patient with multiple comorbidities and a reduced clinical status. Moreover, the pull-through technique via PEG for sponge placement reduces the intraluminal distance of the Eso-Sponge tube by shortcutting the length of the esophagus, thus decreasing the risk of dislocation and increasing the chance of successful treatment.
Component-Resolved Diagnosis for Endotyping Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Puxeddu Ilaria , Petrelli Fiorella , Cristofani-Mencacci Lodovica , Scarano Mariella , Latorre Manuela , De Rosa Antonio , Dallan Iacopo , Manca Maria Laura , Berrettini Stefano , Migliorini Paola , Seccia Veronica
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a predominantly type 2 inflammation-mediated disease of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses that often coexists with asthma. The role of atopy in the development and severity of CRSwNP is still a controversial issue. Objective: The aim of our study was to propose a systematic allergy workup to identify atopic patients in the context of CRSwNP and to characterize their allergen sensitization profile (sources/molecules). Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of CRSwNP (n = 97) were studied in the otorhinolaryngologist and allergy settings. Demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient. Different allergen sensitization profiles (sources/molecules) were evaluated in atopic CRSwNP patients by using component-resolved diagnosis (CRD). Results: In our cohort of patients, the CRSwNP was frequently diagnosed during adulthood with significant impact on health-related quality of life. Asthma and atopy were the most common comorbidities with a prevalence of asthma in the atopic group. In CRSwNP patients sensitized to grass pollens and/or to house dust mites, the CRD analysis revealed a prevalence of sensitization to species-specific allergens of Phleum pratense (Phl p1, Phl p2, and Phl p5) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1 and Der p2) rather than to cross-reactive ones. Conclusion: To define the allergen sensitization profile in atopic CRSwNP patients by CRD, it may be useful to better characterize type 2 inflammation, thus providing a personalized endotype-driven treatment.
Atopische Dermatitis: Endlich kein Off-Label Use mehr bei Therapie im Kindesalter!?
Authors: Philipp Sandra
Published: March 2022

Background: Children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have limited treatment options. In a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial in children, dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 signalling, significantly improved signs and symptoms with acceptable safety; longer-term safety and efficacy data are lacking. Objectives: To report the pharmacokinetic profile and long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in children (aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years) with severe AD. Methods: Children (aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years) with severe AD were enrolled in a global, multicentre, phase IIa, open-label, ascending-dose, sequential cohort study and subsequent open-label extension (OLE) study. Patients received single-dose dupilumab 2 or 4 mg kg–1 followed by 8-week pharmacokinetic sampling, then 2 or 4 mg kg–1 weekly for 4 weeks (phase IIa), followed by the same weekly regimen (OLE). Primary endpoints were dupilumab concentration–time profile and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); secondary assessments included Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (PP-NRS) score. Results: Of 38 children enrolled, 37 completed phase IIa and 33 continued to the OLE. Nonlinear, target-mediated pharmacokinetics characterized dupilumab concentrations (week 24–48 mean serum concentrations: 2 mg kg–1, 61–77 mg L–1; 4 mg kg–1, 143–181 mg L–1). TEAEs were mostly mild to moderate and transient; none led to treatment discontinuation. The most commonly reported TEAEs were nasopharyngitis (2 mg kg–1, 47%; 4 mg kg–1, 56%) and AD exacerbation (29% and 13%, respectively). Single-dose dupilumab rapidly improved AD with further improvements through week 52. Mean EASI and PP-NRS improved by –37%/–33% and –17%/–20% at week 2 (phase IIa) and –92%/–84% and –70%/–58% at week 52 (OLE), respectively. Conclusions: These safety and efficacy results support the use of dupilumab as a continuous long-term treatment for children aged ≥ 6 to < 12 years with severe AD.
Rare MYH9-ROS1 Fusion Gene-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma Showing Response to Entrectinib Treatment: A Case Study
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Takata Naoki , Hirai Takahiro , Masaki Yasuaki , Ishizawa Shin , Taniguchi Hirokazu
Published: March 2022

The c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusion gene is a rare genomic alteration detected in nearly 1–2% of lung adenocarcinomas. The major partner genes of ROS1 include CD74, SDC4, and EZR. Here, we report a case of MYH9-ROS1 fusion gene-positive lung adenocarcinoma, a rare ROS1 fusion gene. The patient was a woman in her 40s who was diagnosed with advanced primary lung adenocarcinoma after a thorough examination. Initial genetic testing conducted using mediastinal lymph node biopsy specimens collected by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration revealed no driver gene mutations, including the ROS1 fusion gene. The patient was treated with four courses of immunochemotherapy. As the disease worsened, another genetic test was conducted using FoundationOne® CDx, and the MYH9-ROS1 fusion gene was detected. Multiple lung metastases disappeared after the administration of entrectinib; the response persisted up to a year. Adverse events of rash, dysgeusia, and peripheral edema were observed, and the patient required temporary drug interruption; however, we were able to continue entrectinib following a short-term drug interruption. This is the first report on the effectiveness of entrectinib against lung adenocarcinoma with the rare MYH9-ROS1 fusion gene.
Is Traditional Chinese Medicine Effective in Treating Tic Disorders (Tourette Syndrome)? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kong Min , Yan Shijun , Gao Yuena , Li Hui
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a type of alternative medicine that has been widely utilized in the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, ADHD, Alzheimer disease, and Tourette syndrome (TS) in many countries. However, the results regarding TCM’s effectiveness and safety in treating TS are conflicting. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to analyze and summarize the available literature related to the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of tic disorders, especially TS. Methods: Relevant articles for the meta-analysis were searched using appropriate keywords from PubMed, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL databases. Event data for TCM for the treatment of TS in the control and intervention arms were determined from the randomized controlled trials, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and risk of bias analysis were performed. Meta-analysis was performed using MedCalc software, and suitable parameters to assess heterogeneity were computed. Results: Twelve randomized clinical trials with a total of 1,681 TS patients were included as per the inclusion criteria. The patients’ clinical symptoms were improved to a greater extent, and the pooled DOR of 1.311 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) value ranging from 0.804 to 2.139 and I2 value of 72.04% were obtained. The pooled relative risk was 1.09, with a 95% CI value ranging from 0.97 to 1.268. The data heterogeneity was assessed, and we achieved a Q value of 33.54, a p value of 0.0004, and I2 value of 67.21% with a 95% CI value of 32.91–82.10. All these values are statistically significant, with p < 0.005, and confirmed the effectiveness of TCM for TS patients. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis on account of these statistically significant results highly recommends using TCM to treat TS.
Evaluation of the implementation of Hydroponic Training in Order to Support the Urban Farming program in the City of Surabaya
Authors: Winarno Sri Tjondro
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to evaluate hydroponic training so that the benefits and results of the analysis of the success of this hydroponic training program are known. Sampling from a population that is in accordance with the evaluation of hydroponic training by means of a census on all populations of training participants according to the field that we sample. The analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis, which aims to get a true picture of an object and test the truth of an opinion. The hydroponic training scoring system is based on a Likert scale rating, with 5 answer choices. From the results of the evaluation of the implementation, the results obtained with good criteria of 94.12% and very good at 5.88%. The conclusion of this study shows that this hydroponic training is very useful and supports the urban farming program in Surabaya.
Pest and Disease Control in Cavendish Banana Seedlings Resulting from Tissue Culture
Authors: Agustin Indah Sari Dwi , Suryaminarsih Penta , Sasikirono Putranto , Wuryandari Yenny
Published: March 2022

Cavendis banana cultivation can use tissue culture as one of the developments of cultivation in the era of disruption. However, the results of tissue culture are very susceptible to attack by nuisance organisms during acclimatization to plant culture. The control carried out against the attack of plant-disturbing organisms in addition to using fungicides and insecticides, also applies preventive control. The purpose of this study was to determine an effective and smart way to control pests and diseases in tissue cultured Cavendish banana seedlings. Preventive control of pests and diseases using the method of thinning the seeds and soaking the seeds with fungicides. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and parametric data. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four control treatments. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The control treatments carried out consist of: Control (A), preventive control (B), chemical control (C), and a combination of preventive and chemical control (D). The results of the control carried out showed that the combination of preventive and chemical control treatments gave significant results in inhibiting the attack of pests and diseases of Cavendish banana seedlings from tissue culture.
Utilization of Waste Frying Oil as A Source of Carbon in The Production of Biosurfactant using Exiguobacterium profundum
Authors: Mardiah Irma , Puspitaningrum Kartika , Hamdani Syarif , Setiani Nur Asni
Published: March 2022

Biosurfactant is a secondary metabolite produced by microorganisms that can be used as an alternative to environmentally friendly surfactants. Exiguobacterium profundum is one of the biosurfactants producers that potentially to be used in the pharmaceutical field. The use of waste frying oil as a carbon source can be used as a solution in overcoming the high cost of producing biosurfactants. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimum conditions in the production of biosurfactants by utilizing waste frying oil as a carbon source. In this study, variations in the optimized production conditions included the concentration of waste frying oil, labeled 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the medium pH at 6, 7, and 8. The study was using Mineral Salt Medium as production medium, the amount of inoculum concentration was 10% v/v, agitation speed 160 rpm, and incubation at room temperature. The optimum conditions for biosurfactant production were determined based on the best emulsification index. The biosurfactant extraction was carried out using a combination of chloroform and methanol (2:1) solvents. The best concentrations of waste frying oil for Exiguobacterium profundum was 5%, and the best medium pH was 7. Biosurfactants produced from Exiguobacterium profundum amounted to 8,2 g/L with an emulsification index 63,2%.
The Utilization of WhatsApp in Increasing Knowledge of Integrated Services Post (Posyandu) Cadres on Preventing COVID-19
Authors: Suciati Yulia , Zulhamidah Yenny , Sari Wening
Published: March 2022

Integrated Services Post (Posyandu) Cadres are a volunteer that helps to manage community health care issues. Normally, they play an important role in mother, child, and elderly health issue prevention and promotion. However, in the COVID-19 pandemic time, the role of Posyandu cadres should be optimized for the prevention of the disease. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of the utilization of WhatsApp in increasing knowledge of Posyandu cadres on preventing COVID-19, through Whatsapp group (WAG). The Quasi-experiment was conducted on 30 cadres in Bekasi Barat. They were invited to received counseling sessions using the Whatsapp Group (WAG) on how to prevent the disease and how to correctly use the mask. They were provided with all the counseling material that they could read before the question and ask session with the mentor. Changes in the knowledge level of the cadres were assessed using the pretest and post-test methods. There was a significant increase in the level of knowledge (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, p = 0.004) which was indicated by a higher post-test score (mean 75.46) than the pre-test score (mean 60.69). The correct use of masks was the cadres’ most significant increase in knowledge post-WAG-counseling session. Most of the cadres enjoyed the education process through WAG and would like to use the educational materials as a tool to provide education to the wider community. Education through WAG is effective for increasing the knowledge of Posyandu cadres about COVID-19 prevention and can be emulated by cadres to educate the wider community
Analysis of Comorbidity Disease as A Risk Factor COVID-19 Death
Authors: Misbah Andi Rizaldi Kurniawan , Murfat Zulfitriani , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Kanang Indah Lestari Daeng
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 disease which became a pandemic in early 2020 was caused by SARS-CoV-2 which attacks the human respiratory system. The transmission of COVID-19 that occurs through human-to-human transmission causes a high risk of infection worldwide. A high-risk factor for death from COVID-19 occurs in people who have comorbidities that aggravate symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Although the incidence of this disease is not influenced by age and gender, the fact that most deaths from COVID-19 occur in elderly men. Comorbidities play an important role in the infection process that occurs, presumably due to an increase in the expression of the ACE2 enzyme, and a decrease in the cellular immune system. This literature review aims to determine the role of comorbid disease as a risk factor for COVID-19 death. This paper was prepared using the Literature Review method with a Narrative Review approach. By referring to research results from reputable national and international journals from 2020 to 2021 through the Pubmed, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the analysis of the Literature Review, it was found that the presence of comorbid diseases increases the risk of infection, exacerbates symptoms, and death in COVID-19 patients. The comorbid disease with the highest mortality rate was found in hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. Patients who have more than one co-morbidity have a higher risk of death if they are infected with COVID-19. Comorbid diseases will increase the risk of death in COVID-19 patients.
GENESIS: Gene-Specific Machine Learning Models for Variants of Uncertain Significance Found in Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Long QT Syndrome-Associated Genes
Authors: Draelos Rachel L. , Ezekian Jordan E. , Zhuang Farica , Moya-Mendez Mary E. , Zhang Zhushan , Rosamilia Michael B. , Manivannan Perathu K.R. , Henao Ricardo , Landstrom Andrew P.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Cardiac channelopathies such as catecholaminergic polymorphic tachycardia and long QT syndrome predispose patients to fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. As genetic testing has become common in clinical practice, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in genes associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and long QT syndrome are frequently found. The objective of this study was to predict pathogenicity of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia-associated
RYR2
VUS and long QT syndrome-associated VUS in
KCNQ1
,
KCNH2
, and
SCN5A
by developing gene-specific machine learning models and assessing them using cross-validation, cellular electrophysiological data, and clinical correlation.

Methods:

The GENe-specific EnSemble grId Search framework was developed to identify high-performing machine learning models for
RYR2
,
KCNQ1
,
KCNH2
, and
SCN5A
using variant- and protein-specific inputs. Final models were applied to datasets of VUS identified from ClinVar and exome sequencing. Whole cell patch clamp and clinical correlation of selected VUS was performed.

Results:

The GENe-specific EnSemble grId Search models outperformed alternative methods, with area under the receiver operating characteristics up to 0.87, average precisions up to 0.83, and calibration slopes as close to 1.0 (perfect) as 1.04. Blinded voltage-clamp analysis of HEK293T cells expressing 2 predicted pathogenic variants in
KCNQ1
each revealed an ≈80% reduction of peak Kv7.1 current compared with WT. Normal Kv7.1 function was observed in KCNQ1-V241I HEK cells as predicted. Though predicted benign, loss of Kv7.1 function was observed for KCNQ1-V106D HEK cells. Clinical correlation of 9/10 variants supported model predictions.

Conclusions:

Gene-specific machine learning models may have a role in post-genetic testing diagnostic analyses by providing high performance prediction of variant pathogenicity.
Generalizability of Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Prediction Models: 158 Independent External Validations of 104 Unique Models
Authors: Gulati Gaurav , Upshaw Jenica , Wessler Benjamin S. , Brazil Riley J. , Nelson Jason , van Klaveren David , Lundquist Christine M. , Park Jinny G. , McGinnes Hannah , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Van Calster Ben , Kent David M.
Published: March 2022

Background:

While clinical prediction models (CPMs) are used increasingly commonly to guide patient care, the performance and clinical utility of these CPMs in new patient cohorts is poorly understood.

Methods:

We performed 158 external validations of 104 unique CPMs across 3 domains of cardiovascular disease (primary prevention, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure). Validations were performed in publicly available clinical trial cohorts and model performance was assessed using measures of discrimination, calibration, and net benefit. To explore potential reasons for poor model performance, CPM-clinical trial cohort pairs were stratified based on relatedness, a domain-specific set of characteristics to qualitatively grade the similarity of derivation and validation patient populations. We also examined the model-based C-statistic to assess whether changes in discrimination were because of differences in case-mix between the derivation and validation samples. The impact of model updating on model performance was also assessed.

Results:

Discrimination decreased significantly between model derivation (0.76 [interquartile range 0.73–0.78]) and validation (0.64 [interquartile range 0.60–0.67],
P
<0.001), but approximately half of this decrease was because of narrower case-mix in the validation samples. CPMs had better discrimination when tested in related compared with distantly related trial cohorts. Calibration slope was also significantly higher in related trial cohorts (0.77 [interquartile range, 0.59–0.90]) than distantly related cohorts (0.59 [interquartile range 0.43–0.73],
P
=0.001). When considering the full range of possible decision thresholds between half and twice the outcome incidence, 91% of models had a risk of harm (net benefit below default strategy) at some threshold; this risk could be reduced substantially via updating model intercept, calibration slope, or complete re-estimation.

Conclusions:

There are significant decreases in model performance when applying cardiovascular disease CPMs to new patient populations, resulting in substantial risk of harm. Model updating can mitigate these risks. Care should be taken when using CPMs to guide clinical decision-making.
Loss of Endothelial Cytochrome P450 Reductase Induces Vascular Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Malacarne Pedro Felipe , Ratiu Corina , Gajos-Draus Anna , Müller Niklas , Lopez Melina , Pflüger-Müller Beatrice , Ding Xinxin , Warwick Timothy , Oo James , Siragusa Mauro , Angioni Carlo , Günther Stefan , Weigert Andreas , Geißlinger Gerd , Lütjohann Dieter , Schunck Wolf-Hagen , Fleming Ingrid , Brandes Ralf P. , Rezende Flávia
Published: March 2022

Background:

POR (cytochrome P450 reductase) provides electrons for the catalytic activity of the CYP (cytochrome P450) monooxygenases. CYPs are dual-function enzymes as they generate protective vasoactive mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids but also reactive oxygen species. It is not known in which conditions the endothelial POR/CYP system is beneficial versus deleterious. Here, the activity of all CYP enzymes was eliminated in the vascular endothelium to examine its impact on vascular function.

Methods:

An endothelial-specific, tamoxifen-inducible POR knockout mouse (ecPOR
−
/−
) was generated. Vascular function was studied by organ chamber experiments. eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activity was accessed by heavy arginine/citrulline LC-MS/MS detection and phosphorylation of serine1177 in aortic rings. CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and prostanoids were measured by LC-MS/MS. Gene expression of aorta and endothelial cells was profiled by RNA sequencing. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry.

Results:

Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was attenuated in isolated vessels of ecPOR
−/−
as compared with control mice. Additionally, ecPOR
−/−
mice had attenuated eNOS activity and eNOS/AKT phosphorylation. POR deletion reduced endothelial stores of CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids but increased vascular prostanoids. This phenomenon was paralleled by the induction of genes implicated in eicosanoid generation. In response to Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion, blood pressure increased significantly more in ecPOR
−
/−
mice. Importantly, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor Naproxen selectively lowered the Ang II–induced hypertension in ecPOR
−
/−
mice.

Conclusions:

POR expression in endothelial cells maintains eNOS activity and its loss results in an overactivation of the vasoconstrictor prostanoid system. Through these mechanisms, loss of endothelial POR induces vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
Prophylactic Therapies for Morbidity and Mortality After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Dayyani Mojtaba , Sadeghirad Behnam , Grotta James C. , Zabihyan Samira , Ahmadvand Saba , Wang Yuting , Guyatt Gordon H. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh
Published: March 2022

Background:

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. We aimed to determine the relative benefits of pharmacological prophylactic treatments in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by performing a network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Methods:

We searched Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane Central to February 2020. Pairs of reviewers independently identified eligible trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Eligible trials compared the prophylactic effects of any oral or intravenous medications or intracranial drug-eluting implants to one another or placebo or standard of care in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. We used the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to assess the certainty of the evidence.

Results:

We included 53 trials enrolling 10 415 patients. Nimodipine likely reduces all-cause mortality compared to placebo (odds ratio [OR],0.73 [95% CI, 0.53–1.00]; moderate certainty; absolute risk reduction (ARR), −3.35%). Nimodipine (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.07–1.99]; high certainty; absolute risk increase, 8.25%) and cilostazol (OR, 3.73 [95% CI, 1.14–12.18]; moderate certainty; absolute risk increase, 23.15%) were the most effective treatments in improving disability at the longest follow-up. Compared to placebo, clazosentan (10 mg/kg; OR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.22–0.68]; high certainty; ARR, −16.65%), nicardipine (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.24–0.94]; moderate certainty; ARR, −13.70%), fasudil (OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.31–0.98]; moderate certainty; ARR, −11.54%), and magnesium (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46–0.94]; high certainty; ARR, −8.37%) proved most effective in reducing the likelihood of delayed cerebral ischemia.

Conclusions:

Nimodipine and cilostazol are likely the most effective treatments in preventing morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clazosentan, nicardipine, fasudil, and magnesium showed beneficial effects on delayed cerebral ischemia and vasospasm but they were not found to reduce mortality or disability. Future trials are warranted to elaborately investigate the prophylactic effects of medications that may improve mortality and long-term functional outcomes, such as cilostazol and clazosentan.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42019122183.
Örgütsel Erdemliliğin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme Üzerine Etkisinde Örgütsel Desteğin Aracilik Rolü
Authors: ERDEM Ahmet Tuncay , MERDAN Ethem
Published: March 2022

Olumlu örgüt davranışları, çalışanlarda örgüte karşı olumlu duyguları arttırabilmektedir. İşgörenlerin yetenekleri, örgütlerine yönelik olumlu davranışları ve verimlilikleri örgütlerin başarısında etkendir. İşgörenlerin çalıştıkları kuruluşları kendi benimseyip çalışmaları, bilgi ve becerilerini etkili biçimde kullanmaları ve örgüt yöneticilerinin de işgörenlere destek olmaları önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgütsel erdemlilik davranışının örgütsel özdeşleşmeye etkisinde “örgütsel desteğin” aracı işlev görüp görmediğini belirlemektir. Nicel araştırma yöntemine göre tasarlanan araştırmanın verileri Ankara OSTİM Sanayi Bölgesi’ndeki imalat işletmelerinin çalışanları (n=200) oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde elde edilen bulgulara göre örgütsel erdemliliğin örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel destek algılarını pozitif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca örgütsel erdemliliğin örgütsel özdeşleşmeye etkisinde örgütsel desteğin aracı rol oynadığı da tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak örgütsel erdemlilik olumlu bir davranış olarak örgütte işgörenlerin olumlu davranışlarını teşvik etmektedir. İşgörenlerde görülen olumluluğun örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel destek algılarını da arttırması beklenmektedir.
Hisse Senedi Fonlarında Karşılaştırma Ölçütü Seçiminin Etkinliği
Authors: UNAL Serkan , GÜLEÇ Mehmet Ali
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’daki hisse senedi fonlarının, karşılaştırma ölçütü seçimlerini ne derece etkin yaptığı araştırılmıştır. 26 adet fonun dahil edildiği araştırmada 2010 ve 2020 yıllarını kapsayan 11 yıllık veri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak hisse senedi fonlarının günlük getirileri, bağımsız değişken olarak ise BIST100 ve XTUMY endekslerinin performansları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre fonların çoğunluğu, karşılaştırma ölçütü olarak BIST100 ve BIST30 endeksini seçmektedirler. XTUMY endeksinin hiçbir fon tarafından karşılaştırma ölçütü olarak seçilmemiş olmasına rağmen 14 adet fonun 2016-2020 arası dönemde XTUMY endeksi ile ilişki katsayısının 0,1’in üstünde olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları XTUMY endeksinin performansının fonlar için önemli bir faktör olduğunu ve bu endeksin karşılaştırma ölçütü formülünde birleşenlerden biri olarak yer alması gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Zihin Felsefesinde Zihin Kavramının Serencamı: Antik Yunandan Günümüze Ruh Kavramınından Zihin Kavramına Tarihsel Perspektif
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Abdurrazak
Published: March 2022

Makalede Antik Yunan’da aklı ve bilinçliliği ifade etmek için kullanılan ruh kavramının çağdaş zihin felsefesinde zihin kavramına dönüşümü, tarihsel olarak anlatılacaktır. İlkçağ ve ortaçağda ruh kavramı, ruhun etkinliği ile ifade edilen insani eylemler, modern ve çağdaş dönemde zihin ve zihne ait bilişsel süreçlere evrilmiştir. Makalemizde bu kavramsal değişimi etkileyen ontolojik ve epistemolojik nedenler genel anlamda değerlendirilecektir. Zihin felsefesinin, konusu itibariyle oldukça zor bir alan olarak görüldüğü ifade edilecektir. Descartes ile zihin felsefesi sınırları içerisinde ele alınmaya başlanan zihin-beden problemi, Antik Yunan ve ortaçağda ruh-beden problemi olarak değerlendirildiği bilinmektedir. Bu dönemde düşünce faaliyeti ruh kavramına atfedilmektedir. Oysa modern dönem felsefe tartışmalarında zihin felsefesi müstakil bir alan olarak ele alınmaya başlanınca ruhun zihinsel işlevleriyle ilgili yanı zihin kavramı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda bu konu betimsel olarak açıklanacaktır.
Türkiye’de Genç İşsizliğine Etki Eden Faktörler
Authors: AVCI Bağdat Sıla
Published: March 2022

Genç işsizliği sorununa çözüm oluşturacak uygun politikaların geliştirilmesi için genç işsizliğine neden olan etkenlerin tespit edilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de genç işsizliğine etki eden faktörleri belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1996-2018 döneminde ekonomik büyüme, ücretli ve maaşlı çalışanların toplam istihdama oranı ile enflasyonun genç işsizliği üzerindeki etkisi ARDL analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kısa dönemde enflasyon ile ücretli ve maaşlı çalışanların toplam istihdama oranında görülen artışın genç işsizliğini azalttığı saptanmıştır. Uzun dönemde ekonomik büyüme ve enflasyonun genç işsizliğini azalttığı, ücretli ve maaşlı çalışanların toplam istihdama oranında görülen artışın ise genç işsizliğini artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Maglemosegård, Vedbæk, Denmark. Chemical Mapping of a Buried Mesolithic Site
Authors: Jønsson Jens Henrik
Published: March 2022

On the Mesolithic coastal settlement of Maglemosegård some 1000 m2 of buried settlement fl oor was investigated by means of geo-chemical analysis of soil samples from borings and open sections. The study was primarily of a methodical character where, based on the content of phosphorus in the analysed samples, it was possible to establish the vertical and horizontal boundaries of the settlement as well as defi ne a number of phosphorus rich settlement structures. The pH values of the soil samples also proved to be affected by the settlement while analysis of a number of trace elements provided no meaningful data. The results of the investigation can be juxtaposed in a number of contour maps illustrating the cultural layer and the settlement’s topography within the limits of the investigated area. The results can provide us with a more varied picture of the settlement’s structure, size, and state of preservation.
Aqua Cobalt Ferrite/Mn–Zn Ferrite Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Nonlinearly Stretching Permeable Sheet in a Porous Medium
Authors: Mansourian Mahdi , Dinarvand Saeed , Pop Ioan
Published: March 2022

In the present article, the problem of ferro hybrid nanofluid flow over a nonlinearly stretching permeable sheet in a porous medium has been studied. The main motivation of this research is to present a comprehensive analysis of the hydrodynamics and thermal boundary layers as well
as the skin friction and heat transfer as two important quantities of engineering interest for the relevant ferro hybrid nanofluid flow. The ferro hybrid nanofluid is a nanofluid that can be composed of several nanoparticles and has a magnetic property; it means that has its own behavior in
the magnetic field. Two different types of ferroparticles, namely, Mn–Zn ferrite (Mn–ZnFe2O4) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) are considered with water as a base fluid. The similarity solution is used to decrease the governing set of partial
differential equations (PDEs) to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system, which is solved numerically by the bvp4c function of MATLAB. The effects of pertinent parameters, namely, magnetic parameter, nonlinear velocity parameter, permeability parameter, and volume fraction
of the second nanoparticle on velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number are computed and shown through graphs. The prominent novelty of this research is related to the use of ferro hybrid nanofluid as a working fluid, where many studies have been
carried out in the field of the determination of heat transfer and skin friction in nanofluids/ferro nanofluids on different geometries. To the best of our knowledge, no one has ever attempted to study the present boundary layer problem with applying ferro hybrid nanofluid. The results of
this paper indicate that Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient decrease with increasing magnetic field.
Theoretical Analysis of Pressure Relaxation Time in N-Dimensional Thermally-Limited Bubble Dynamics in Fe3O4/Water Nanofluids
Authors: Abu-Nab Ahmed K. , Omran Mamdouh H. , Abu-Bakr Ali F.
Published: March 2022

The present manuscript is devoted to study the theoretical analysis of pressure relaxation time (PRT) of N-dimensional spherical bubble dynamics immersed in Fe3O4/H2O nanofluid. The mathematical model consists of mass equation in N-dimensions
nanofluids, thermal and physical properties of Fe3O4/H2O-nanoparticles (NPs), and PRT in N-dimensions nanofluids. The proposed model of PRT is studied theoretically and solved analytically by using the modified Plesset and Zwick (MPZ) technique taking
into account, through the relaxed model with unequal pressure of the thermally-limited bubble dynamics and non-steady pressure field concerning the collapsing and growing of bubble dynamics. Additionally, the PRT is estimated in an N-dimensional vapour bubble under influence of the
thermophysical properties of particles nanofluids. Furthermore, The current research also looks at the elements that influence the dynamics of vapour bubble growth in N-dimensions nanofluids. Our results show that the appearance of volume concentration NPs and NPs diameter can significantly
decrease the PRT but N-dimensions increases the PRT on thermally-limit bubble dynamics in nanofluids. Additionally, the good agreement are illustrated, for bubble growth in the N-dimensional of Fe3O4/H2O nanofluid with the current model and previous
works using theoretical data appropriate for values of N-dimensions “N” at N = 3, 5, 7.
The Redistribution of Air–Sea Momentum and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Fluxes by Ocean Surface Gravity Waves
Authors: Wu Lichuan , Breivik Øyvind , Qiao Fangli
Published: March 2022

The momentum flux to the ocean interior is commonly assumed to be identical to the momentum flux lost from the atmosphere in traditional atmosphere, ocean, and coupled models. However, ocean surface gravity waves (hereafter waves) can alter the magnitude and direction of the ocean-side stress (τoc) from the air-side stress (τa). This is rarely considered in coupled climate and forecast models. Based on a 30-yr wave hindcast, the redistribution of the global wind stress and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) flux by waves was investigated. Waves play a more important role in the windy oceans in middle and high latitudes than that in the oceans in the tropics (i.e., the central portion of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans). On average, the relative difference between τoc and τa, γτ, can be up to 6% in middle and high latitudes. The frequency of occurrence of γτ > 9% can be up to 10% in the windy extratropics. The directional difference between τoc and τa exceeds 3.5° in the middle and high latitudes 10% of the time. The difference between τoc and τa becomes more significant closer to the coasts of the continents due to strong wind gradients. The friction velocity-based approach overestimates (underestimates) the breaking-induced TKE flux in the tropics (middle and high latitudes). The findings presented in the current study show that coupled climate and Earth system models would clearly benefit from the inclusion of a wave model.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to investigate the redistribution of the global wind stress and turbulent kinetic energy flux due to surface waves based on a 30-yr wave hindcast. The mean relative difference of the magnitude between the air-side and ocean-side stress is up to 6% with a 90th percentile of more than 9% in the windy extratropics. Due to strong wind gradients, the redistributive role of waves in the stress becomes more significant closer to coasts. The results indicate that we should consider the redistributive role of waves in the momentum and energy fluxes in climate and Earth system models since they are the key elements in the predictability of weather forecasting models and climate models.
Violence and Business Interest in Social Welfare: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Holland Bradley E. , Rios Viridiana
Published: March 2022

Countries in the Global South are particularly vulnerable to social and political violence. This paper suggests that such violence makes certain recalcitrant economic interests more open to taxes and spending on social welfare. Using results from a survey experiment of business owners and operators in Mexico, we show that relative to more innocuous institutional weaknesses, concerns over violence generally increase support for anti-poverty spending and decrease support for tax cuts. To build a theory, we explore heterogeneous effects and textual data. The findings suggest that business interests see anti-poverty spending as a tool for shoring up costs of violence in consumer markets, with some leaders even extending support to welfare-enhancing taxes. However, violence can create challenges in labor markets that increase operational costs, leading some business interests to resist tax policies that ask them to help fund social programs.
Supporting Childhood Bereavement Through School-Based Grief Group
Authors: Linder Lisa , Lunardini Melissa , Zimmerman Hannah
Published: March 2022

With 7.3% of children under the age of 18 experiencing the death of a parent and more who experience a loss of a loved one bereavement is a common experience in the lives of children and youth. The current study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week, school-based grief group treatment program in reducing symptoms of grief, dysregulation, and improving social support. A total of 296 children and youth (age 11–18) participated in the grief programming provided by a local hospice agency. With a retention rate of 76% the researchers identified a significant reduction in grief symptomology, frequency of emotion dysregulation, and a significant increase in perceived social support from pre- to post-8-week school-based grief programming. A reduction in intensity of dysregulation was not significant. Implications for school personnel and parental support of children and youth experiencing loss are discussed.
Study on alcoholysis recovery and performance of luminous materials in waste luminous fibers
Authors: Rao Zenghui , Liao Yunzhen , Zhu Yanan , Guo Xuefeng , Li Mengjuan , Ge Mingqiao , Gao Dekang
Published: March 2022

To alleviate the wastage of resources and environmental pollution caused by waste luminous polyester fibers, glycolysis was found rapidly to degrade luminescent polyester fibers and assist in recovering luminescent materials from the fibers. However, the luminescent performance of recycled luminescent materials is poor. To improve the performance of recovered luminescent materials, this study employs the recovery rate of luminescent materials, initial brightness, and recovery rate of Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as performance indexes. The present study aims at optimizing the alcoholysis process by influencing factors such as the amount of catalyst, amount of ethylene glycol added, and reaction temperature to improve the luminous performance, and explores the mechanism of alcoholysis reaction in the recovery process of luminescent materials. The results showed that, when the catalyst content is 0.1 g, the mass ratio of polyethylene terephthalate:ethylene glycol is 1:10, the reaction temperature is 170°C for 4 hours, the Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate conversion rate reaches 61.92%, the recovery rate of luminescent materials reaches 92.53%, and the initial brightness is as high as 5.607 cd/m2.
Defining the racial and ethnic “other”: Constructing an American identity through visualizing census data in the U.S. Statistical Atlases
Authors: Li Li
Published: March 2022

This study analyzes the visualization of census data in the U.S. Statistical Atlases from 1874 to 1925. I examine how visual strategies were used to construct an American identity by contrasting the “native” population with the “other”—new immigrants and African Americans, which were visualized as undesirable counterparts. By defining the “other,” the Atlases created a pan ethnic identity of the “native white” population, established a racial hierarchy, and hardened the division between old and new immigrants. The study develops a rhetorical framework for understanding how data design is used to marginalize racially and ethnically minority groups.
Refactory Coeliac disease-a case series from Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed , Majid Zain , Tasneem Abbas Ali , Ahmed Khan Shoaib , Hanif Farina , Luck Nasir
Published: March 2022

Coeliac disease or gluten intolerance is a frequent cause of chronic diarrhoea leading to malabsorptive symptoms. Refractory coeliac disease is a rare entity, which is not only harder to diagnose but managing it can be challenging. We hereby present three such cases.