bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The International Ultraviolet Explorer
Authors: Heck A.
Published: July 2016

As the IUE satellite is the subject for a series of detailed papers to be published in a forthcoming issue of Nature. we will give only a brief description here. The interested reader should refer to Nature.

The telescope is a Ritchey-Chretien type with a clear aperture of 45 cm. The effective focal ratio is f/15. Two spectrographs can be operated, one, in the low dispersion mode (about 6 A) and another in the high dispersion mode (about 0.1 A). The detectors are SEC Vidicon television cameras. Each spectrograph has two apertures: a 3 arc sec circle and a 10 X 20 arc sec ellipse. The limiting magnitudes for objects observed are V = 8 for hot stars at high dispersion, V = 14 for galaxies at low dispersion. The output is available as plots, magnetic tapes and photowrites. The observatories are located at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. for U.S. observers and Villafranca Satellite Tracking Station, Madrid, Spain for U.K. and E.S.A. observers.
The Nature of RW Sextantis
Authors: Bolick U. , Beuermann K. , Bruch A. , Lenzen R.
Published: July 2016

Photometry and first results of extensive CCD-spectroscopy of the UX UMa system RW Sex are presented. The period is found to be P = 0.24486 days and the semi-amplitude of the radial velocity is K1 = 101 km s−1. The mass of a Roche-lobe filling secondary is M2 = (0.54±0.09) Mo and, for M1 ≧ M2, the mass ratio is M1/M2 = 1.5±0.5. The accretion rate is about (2–3) 1017 g/s. The model for RW Sex by Greenstein and Oke is discussed and rejected.
Periodic Modulations in the Optical Light Curves of EX Hydrae
Authors: Seetha S. , Sharma D.P. , Padmini V.N. , Marar T.M.K. , Kasturirangan K. , Rao U.R. , Bhattacharyya J.C.
Published: July 2016

We present here new results on the periodic modulations in the optical light curves of EX Hydrae observed during 1982–84. The period analysis has been done using synchronous summation and discrete Fourier transform methods. We report new periodicities at 34.7 min and 26.7 min apart from confirming the detection of 46.3 min modulation recently reported. We also include our data to derive the rate of decrease of the 67 min period.
Accretion Disk Structure in SS Cygni
Authors: Hessman F.V.
Published: July 2016

High-resolution Coude observations of non-axisymmetric line emission -from the dwarf nova SS Cygni are presented. By subtracting the constant line component, the asymmetric line emission responsible for the observed phase shift between the absorption and emission line radial velocity curves can be isolated. The extra emission is a large fraction of the total line emission and extends to large velocities (~1500 km sec−1). The phase stability of the emission demands a large-scale structure which is fixed in the frame of the binary. A magnetic origin of the excitation cannot De ruled out but is implausible. A simple explanation is that the accretion stream from the companion star is able to spill over the sags of the disk, introducing emission at non-circular velocities and most likely disturbing the upper layers of the accretion disk.
The Spectrum of Nova Vulpeculae 1984 N°2 at Nebular Phase
Authors: Andrillat Y. , Houziaux L.
Published: July 2016

Nova Vul 1984 n°2 has been again observed at Observatoire de Haute-Provence in the autumn of 1985, i.e. 270–295 days after maximum. It was then in the nebular phase. The spectra cover the blue-violet and the near infrared regions. Over 50 lines and blends have been identified and are given in Table 2. No clear pattern is observed in the emission bands of a width of about 1450 km/sec. The most conspicuous features observed are the forbidden NeIII and NeV lines. The infrared region is dominated by a very strong He I 1083nm emission.
Electron Scattering in Cyclotron Emission Regions in AM Herculis-Type Systems
Authors: Wickramasinghe D.T. , Meggitt S.M.A. , Wehrse R.
Published: July 2016

The intensity and polarisation properties of magnetic accretion columns are discussed in the regime where electron scattering is important. It is shown that the circular polarisation standstills observed in some AM Herculis type systems are inconsistent with cyclotron emission from scattering dominated regions.
Spectral Models of AM Her Stars
Authors: Langer S.H.
Published: July 2016

Most of the optical light from AM Her systems is cyclotron radiation. Simple models for the spectrum and polarization are successful for some systems, but in others the spectrum rolls over more gently at high frequencies and is polarized over a wider range of frequencies than the models predict. This paper considers the emission from both the sides and top of the accretion column and the effects of oscillations in the shock height. These features lead to a slower roll over at high frequencies than is found in the simple models, but it is still not as flat as in some of the AM Her systems.
Mass Loss and Shell Masses of Close Binary Stars
Authors: Karetnikov V.G.
Published: July 2016

From the values of period changes for 6 close binary stars the mass transfer rate was calculated. Comparing these values Mt with the values of shell masses Msh, the expression

was derived. The analysis of this expression points out the initial character of the outflow of matter, and one may determine the time interval of the substitution of the shell matter. So one may conclude that for a certain mass transfer rate, a certain amount of matter accumulates in the nearby regions of the system.
Hot Wind in the Double Degenerate System AM CVn
Authors: Solheim J.-E. , Kjeldseth-Moe O.
Published: July 2016

The close binary system Am CVn consists of two helium white dwarf stars in close orbit. Strong flickering in the optical light curve and the observed spin-up in the rotation period indicate that mass transfer takes place (Solheim et al., 1984). The optical spectrum shows broad helium absorption lines (Robinson and Faulkner, 1975) sometimes partly filled in by emission (Voikhanskaya, 1982). The optical spectrum shows no sign of hydrogen, and the line profiles are interpreted as due to an accretion disk of intermediate angle of inclination with a temperature of the order of 20.000 K (Robinson and Faulkner, 1975). Another possibility is direct accretion onto a magnetized BD white dwarf (Voikhanskaya, 1982). In the latter case a magnetic field B ≃ 106to 109gauss is needed. Voikhanskaya also reports significant changes in the absorption line profiles from 1978 to 1980.
The Position of the Futian Calendar on the History of East-West Intercourse of Astronomy
Authors: Nakayama Shigeru
Published: July 2016

It is proved that the Futian calendar, a non-official one compiled in the Jianzhong reign period (780-783) in China, was brought to Japan in 957 by a Buddhist monk and was employed as the basis of horoscopes by the Buddhist school of astrology (Memo 1964). It was also used in competition with the official Chinese xuanming calendar for the usual functions demanded of a Chinese type lunisolar ephemerides, such as eclipse predictions. According to the view of the Song Dynasty Chinese scholar Wang Yinglin that the Futian calendar was “originally an Indian method of astronomical calculation” but Kiyosi Yabuuti has commented that Wang Yinglin’s appraisal of the Futian calendar is solely based on a resemblance in form as it copied the trivial point of taking its epoch as the Jiuzhi calendar according to Indian astronomical methods and does not display a fundamental understanding of the Indian calendar (Yabuuti 1944).
A Study of Some Astronomical Data in Muslim Calendar
Authors: Meidong Chen
Published: July 2016

The Muslim Calendar spread into China in 1385 where it was immediately translated into Chinese by the astronomer Yuan Tong and came into use. In 1477, it was further translated by the astronomer Bei Lin and compiled into the “Qi Zheng Tui Bu”, a work more or less the same in substance with the Muslim Calendar recorded in the “Ming Shi Li Zhi”, both being works of the same source. They left for us the valuable data of the results of research of ancient Arabian astronomers.

On different occasions in the Muslim Calendar, values different with one another are used for the same kind of data. In that case, which of them are used for them are accurate values surveyed and calculated by people who originally worked out the Muslim Calendar? And how are these values calculated from data now available?
Trigonometry in Two Sixteenth Century Works; The de Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium and the Sidra Al-Muntahā
Authors: Tekeli Sevim
Published: July 2016

In Greece, Autolycos (4th cent. B.C.), Aristarchos of Samos (3rd cent.B.C.), Hipparchos (2nd cent.B.C.), Menelaos (1st cent. A.D.), and Ptolemaos (2nd cent. A.D.) are the forerunners of trigonometry. The Greeks used chords and prepared a table of chords.

Later, the Hindus produced Siddhāntas (4th cent.A.D.). The most important feature of these works is the use of jyā instead of chords, and utkramajyā (versed sine).

In Islam, al-Battānī al-Ṣābī (858-929) used the sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent with clear consciousness of their individual characteristics.

As is known, trigonometry developed as a branch of astronomy. Although in the thirteenth century Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (in the Islamic world) and in the fifteenth century Regiomontanus (in the West) established trigonometry as a science independent of astronomy, the essential situation did not change, and the subject went on developing as before.
Image Detection System for Schmidt Plates
Authors: Maehara Hideo , Yamagata Tomohiko
Published: July 2016

A 14-inch Schmidt plate contains 109 photographic grains and 105 to 106 images of stars and galaxies on it. Such a quantity of data is too large to be handled in a conventional way even for a big computer.

There is, in general, an alternative method to solve this problem; one is to store the data of all pixels on intermediate medium (e.g., magnetic tape), and reduce them into image parameters afterwards. The other method is to do all the processing simultaneously with the measurement. The latter is very useful for the automated detection of celestial images on large Schmidt plates.
The 50/70-Cm Schmidt Telescope At The Bulgarian National Asthonomical Observatory
Authors: Tsvetkov Milcho K.
Published: July 2016

The 50/70 Schmidt telescope at the National Astronomical Observatory (NAO), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, is an example of the possibilities for a long-term operation and everlasting actuality of these types of telescopes. Originally, this telescope was constructed in the GDR in 1952 and mounted in the Potsdam Observatory, Academy of Sciences of the GDR (as such, it is on the list of West, 1974). In 1979, on the basis of a mutual agreement between the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, it was transferred to Rozhen, Bulgaria. The principal parameters of the instrument are as follows: I. Main mirror: diameter: 70cm; material: Tempax; thickness in the centre: 10 cm; radius of curvature: 344 cm.
Star Counts and Dynamical Parameters in the SMC
Authors: Kontizas M. , Kontizas E.
Published: July 2016

Tidal radii, masses and relaxation times of star clusters in the SMC have been derived by means of star counts using Schmidt plates. All 43 clusters have been found to behave like true globulars although their evolutionary ages vary from 106 — 9xl09 years.
Elliptical Galaxies With Shells
Authors: Carter D.
Published: July 2016

A considerable number of otherwise normal elliptical galaxies show sharp edged, low surface brightness concentric features, often at very large radii from the parent galaxy. Features like this are visible in some of the photographs presented by Arp (1966). More recently extensive lists of galaxies with such features have been prepared from searches of sky survey material by Malin and Carter (1980, 1983) and Schweizer (1983), and the implications of these features for models of ellipticals and for peoples ideas about their formation have been considered in detail.
A Search For “Young Galaxies”
Authors: McMahon R. , Terlevich R. , Hazard C. , Irwin M. , Melnick J.
Published: July 2016

Among the most interesting objects found on low dispersion IllaJ objective prism plates taken with the UK Schmidt telescope are a large number of compact and intrinsically very bright ‘extragalactic HII regions’. Spectroscopically they are indistinguishable from the giant HII regions found in spiral and irregular galaxies except that they are much more luminous with absolute magnitudes in the range My -14 to -23. The stellar continuum is extremely blue indicating a predominantly young stellar population. The Hf3 luminosities, 1038 to 1042 ergs/sec indicate that they must contain 105 - 107 OB stars with a total mass in stars of 106 - 109 Mʘ. The associated high rate of star formation cannot have continued for more than 107 years, which implies that these systems are either undergoing star formation for the first time, or that they undergo intermittent bursts of star formation. The chemical composition of these systems is also remarkable in that the oxygen abundance is invariably less than solar.
A Study of Ultraviolet-Excess Galaxies Based on the Kiso Survey
Authors: Takase Bunshiro , Noguchi Takeshi , Maehara Hideo
Published: July 2016

A number of ultraviolet-excess galaxies have been detected during the course of our surveys using the Kiso Schmidt telescope. In this report, a classification scheme is proposed for 142 selected objects on the basis of their morphological features, and the relation between the morphological type and the degree of ultraviolet-excess is presented. In general irregular galaxies with conspicuous H II regions and pair galaxies tend to show higher degree of ultraviolet-excess, while the degree in spiral galaxies appears to range widely.
Halley’s Comet: From Remote Ultraviolet Spectroscopy to In-Situ Studies
Authors: Levasseur-Regourd A.-C.
Published: July 2016

Due to the success of the March 1986 space missions to comet Halley, and to the large amount of ground, rocket or satellite observations, numerous papers have recently been published, and new and exciting problems have raised. It should nevertheless be kept in mind that the development of cometary physics is much prior to the last return to perihelion of Halley. One of the most remarkable results of the space missions has been to demonstrate that the nucleus, the coma (transient atmosphere which expands when the comet approaches the Sun), and the tails models that had been inferred from various astrophysical methods were rather in agreement with in situ observations.
Absorption Spectroscopy of Kα Lines in Dense Laser Plasmas
Authors: Chenais-Popovics C. , Fievet C. , Geindre J.P. , Gauthier J.C. , Wyart J.F. , Luc-Koenig E.
Published: July 2016

Absorption of Kαlines in F-like to Be-like chlorine ions is observed in a laser irradiated layered target (Bi on C2H2C12). Substructures are evidenced in the absorption peaks corresponding to the different chlorine ions. A radiatlvely heated shallow temperature gradient aroud 110 eV in the dense part of the target is consistent with the experimental observations.
Time Variations of the Calcium Elemental Abundance in Flares from NOAA Active Regions 2562 and 2779
Authors: Sylwester J. , Zolcinski-Couet M.-C. , Bentley R.D. , Lemen J.R.
Published: July 2016

Analysis of flare spectra obtained with the Bent Crystal Spectrometer aboard the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite enables the determination of the fluxes in the resonance (w) line of Ca XIX and the near-by continuum. The line-to-continuum intensity ratio is a sensitive measure of the calcium elemental abundance (Aca) relative to hydrogen in the emitting plasma. In previous investigations we found the calcium abundance varies from flare to flare. In the present investigation we analyse the variations ofAcafor flares which occurred in two active regions well observed bySMM. We conclude that it is not possible to correlate the abundance variations with the time of the flare occurrence as suggested in an earlier paper for flares produced from a single active region. Further, we find no convincing correlation of abundance variation with any other flare characteristics. This negative result will stimulate future work on the physical interpretation of the calcium abundance variation.
C-R Model Calculations in Recombining Plasmas: Population Inversions in Ca17+, Ti19+ and Cu26+ Lithium-Like Ions
Authors: Sureau A. , Guennou H. , Möller C.
Published: July 2016

Related to the investigations on XUV lasers, this work presents results obtained by a collisional radiative model previously used for Al10+and S13+. The interest of the heavier elements which are considered here (Ca, Ti, Cu) is manifold. In particular, the wavelengths of some transitions between the inverted–population levels are below the carbon absorption edge, which is suitable for organic material investigations. Our results give information about the population inversions which may be expected according to the density and temperature conditions of the plasma concerned. Comparisons with existing experimental results are discussed in the copper case.
Nonthermal X-Ray Spectra from the JIPPT-IIU Tokamak
Authors: Morita S.
Published: July 2016

Titanium full Kα spectra have been measured using a wide-band crystal spectrometer in lower-hybrid current drive experiments and increase in the total Kα counts has been observed at electron densities below 7×1012cm−3. Highly resolved titanium He-like spectra have been also measured using a high-resolution crystal spectrometer to obtain electron temperature with intensity ratio of IS/Iwand ion temperature with w line broadening. The results show that the intensity ratio has remarkably high values and the narrowing of the w line is occured at ohmic phase. The production of suprathermal electrons in JIPPT-IIU is described with nonthermal x-ray spectra.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Satellite Structure of 1s2 1S° − ls3p 1P1 Line in He-Like Ions
Authors: Aglistkii E.V. , Panin A.N. , Safronova U.I. , Ulitin S.A. , Vainshtein L.A. , Mikhailov Y.A. , Rode A.V. , Skliskov G.V. , Cornille M. , Dubau J. , Loulergue M. , Faucher P. , Bely-Dubau F.
Published: July 2016

Satellite lines of the He-like second resonance lines (i.e. 1s2− 1s3p) of P, K, Fe, Cu are studied. The spectral resolution of P is better than those of K, Fe, Cu, obtained by a different experimental set-up. The atomic parameters, required for the spectral analysis and obtained by two different theoretical methods, are compared.
Collisional Depopulation of Excited Na s States by Rare Gas Atoms
Authors: Chattarji D. , Roy U.
Published: July 2016

Our work bias motivated by measurements made by Gallagher and Cooke on depopulation cross sections of Na s states from n = 6 to 11 due to collision with He, Ar and Xe atoms at thermal velocities. These cross sections were much smaller than those associated with collisionalℓmixing, the maximum values for He, Ar and Xe being ~20, 20 and 100 A2. They rose from ~0.1 A2at n~6 to a plateau at n~10. The small size of the cross sections suggests that the depopulation proceeds through direct interaction between the Na+core and the rear gas atom.
Temperature Diagnostics from Dielectronic Satellites to the 1s1/2 −2p1/2 Ar XVIII Line in Tokamak Plasmas
Authors: Bombarda F. , Giannella R. , Lion J. , Volonté S. , Cornille M. , Dubau J. , Loulergue M. , Bely-Dubau F. , Faucher P.
Published: July 2016

The hydrogen-like Argon Ly-αdoublet and associated dielectronic satellites have been observed in the Frascati Tokamak (FT) after injection of Ar impurities in a deuterium plasma. The atomic data of the lines have been computed for n = 2 − 5 with AUTOLSJ. The unresolved satellites n = 5 − 15 have also been included. Comparison with experimental spectra provide good temperature diagnostics.
From Passive Support Systems to the NTT Active Support
Authors: Wilson R.N. , Franza F. , Noethe L.
Published: July 2016

ESO has two telescope projects: the NTT (New Technology Telescope) with 3.5 m aperture and the VLT (Very Large Telescope) with 16 m equivalent aperture. The former is already in the engineering phase and should be completed in 1987; the latter is still in the study phase and will be described at this conference by our colleague, D. Enard.

This paper is concerned with the primary support system of the NTT. The basic principles and layout of this support have already been described in the literature 1,2,3).
ESO's New Technology Telescope (NTT) Metallic Primary Mirror Project
Authors: Mischung K.N.
Published: July 2016

ESO has investigated the technological feasibility of a metallic primary mirror for the NTT. A brief status report is given indicating that a nickel coated aluminum or aluminum-alloy mirror blank can be manufactured within 15-18 months at costs well below those for a glass or ceramic material of identical shape and dimensions.
New Evidence for Mass Loss in Classical Cepheids
Authors: Stift M. J.
Published: July 2016

The question of apparent mass anomalies in classical cepheids was first brought up by Christy (1968) and Stobie (1969), but 15 years later there is still no definite picture concerning the reality and the possible cause of these mass anomalies. The masses obtained from application of standard evolutionary theory were always sensibly larger than the masses derived from pulsation theory using both linear and nonlinear codes. Since for various reasons few people have accepted the idea that mass loss could play an important role in cepheids a number of elaborate scenarios have been proposed to account for the mass discrepancies. Among these are helium enriched outer layers and tangled magnetic fields. It is difficult, however, to see how significant mass loss can be avoided during the evolution of the more massive cepheids. In fact, practically all supergiants lose mass over the whole HR diagram, a process frequently manifesting itself in photometric microvariability. Little hope can be placed in attempts to solve the problem by means of improved determinations of the physical parameters of cepheids; intrinsic colours, luminosities, radii, effective temperatures, and the width of the instability strip have been disputed for years with no definite results yet. Only independent observational evidence will make it possible to confirm - or reject - the mass anomalies. On account of the large number observed and because of the fairly complete sample they represent, the cepheids in the LMC, SMC and in our Galaxy are best suited for this kind of investigation.
Non-Adiabatic Effects on Pulsation Periods
Authors: Aikawa Toshiki
Published: July 2016

It is well known that the difference between the adiabatic pulsation periods and the corresponding non-adiabatic periods is small in classical Cepheids. However, the difference becomes significantly large in low surface-gravity models (e.g. Aikawa 1984a). In this paper we shall discuss the origins of the difference between the two pulsation periods. The weight functions for non-adiabatic pulsation periods are introduced in analogy to those of Epstein (1950) for adiabatic periods.
Are the Cepheids in Cluster Nuclei a Rare Breed?
Authors: Turner D. G.
Published: July 2016

As reviewed by Kholopov (1968), star counts for a variety of open clusters reveal the existence of low density coronal regions surrounding the nuclear concentrations of most star clusters. Such cluster coronae have diameters 2.5 to 5 times larger than the respective nuclear diameters for clusters which are poor to medium-rich in member stars, and have star densities only about 10% those observed in cluster nuclei. Cluster coronae therefore contain roughly 40% to 70% of the stars in an open cluster, and are subsequently a (or, more appropriately, the) major component of most star clusters.
Some Masses For Population I and II Cepheids
Authors: Kidman R. B. , Cox A. N.
Published: July 2016

The masses of Cepheids can be obtained in several ways. If a Cepheid luminosity is known from membership in a galactic cluster, the mass-luminosity relation obtained from stellar evolution theory gives its mass. This evolution mass depends slightly on the composition, that is, the mass fraction of helium, Y, and on the the mass fraction of all the heavier elements, Z, but as we shall see later, the composition dependence is small.
Two PopII Cepheids in the Globular Cluster M10
Authors: Clement C. , Sawyer Hogg H. , Lake K.
Published: July 2016

The globular cluster Messier 10 has three known variables. The first two of these were discovered by one of us (Sawyer 1933) and the third by Arp (1955). Two of the variables, V2 (P=18.7226) and V3 (P=7.831), are population II cepheids while V1 appears to be an irregular variable. Another star which lies in the Schwarzschild gap on the horizontal branch is a suspected variable (Voroshilov 1971).

In this investigation, we examine the variations in the periods of the two cepheids over the interval 1912 to 1983 (for V2) and 1931 to 1983 (for V3). The study is based on photographs obtained with seven different telescopes - the Mt.Wilson 100-inch and 60-inch (1912 to 1919), the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory 72-inch, the David Dunlap 74-inch and 19-inch, the 16-inch at the University of Toronto downtown campus and the University of Toronto 24-inch at the Las Campanas Observatory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Some of our magnitudes have already been published (Sawyer 1938) and the remaining ones will be submitted to the Astronomical Journal for publication. We have also included material published by Arp (1955, 1957) in our study.
Chemical Theories on the Origin of Comets
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuo
Published: July 2016

Firstly, observational data available at present to infer physical conditions of the formation environment of cometary matter are briefly surveyed. These include the chemical and isotopic composition of cometary matter, and the nuclear spin temperature derived from the ortho/para abundance ratio of H2O molecules. Secondly, theories on the origin of comets—theories based upon the chemical composition of the volatile component of cometary matter—are reviewed. The theories are classified into two types, distinguished by whether cometary volatiles originate as solar nebula condensates or as the sublimation residue of interstellar ices. Observational items helpful to test the theories are pointed out. Thirdly, discussion is given on the physical properties of ices relevant to the chemical theory of the origin of comets.
XI. Inscriptions Upon Rocks, in South Bihár
Authors: Hamilton Buchanan , Colebrooke Henry Thomas
Published: July 2016

Dr. Buchanan Hamilton, while engaged in statistical researches in the provinces subject to the government of Bengal, gave attention to the antiquities of the country, as to other scientific objects, which he had the opportunity of investigating. His reports, comprising the result of his inquiries, are deposited in the Library and Museum of the East India Company: and, at his instance, the Court of Directors have sanctioned a liberal communication of the information contained in them, to this Society. Among the antiquities collected by him, there are many fac similes of inscriptions. I purpose submitting to the Society explanations of such among them, as are interesting: and I now present the translation of one, which appears curious.
XXV. Enumeration of the various Classes of Population, and of Trades and Handicrafts, in the town of Bareilly in Rohilkhand, formerly the capital of the Rohilla Government
Authors: Glyn Robert Thomas John
Published: July 2016

The degree of civilization attained by a nation may, in a great measure, be estimated by the progress which it has made in those useful arts, trades, and employments, by means of which the necessaries, conveniencies, and luxuries of life are formed, collected, and distributed. In order to judge of the degree of this advancement, perhaps no better criterion need be sought than observing the divisions and subdivisions found to exist in its trades, manufactures, and other callings. By comparing these with the state of manufactures, trade, and commerce of other nations, a tolerably correct notion may be formed of the point which such people has actually attained in the scale of social refinement.
X.—A Sketch of the Constitution of the Kandyan Kingdom
Authors: D'Oyly John
Published: July 2016

I beg leave, in answer to your letter of the 17th instant, to submit it as my opinion to the Council, that the Account of the Constitution of the late Government of the Kingdom of Kandy is of sufficient interest to be published in the Proceedings of the Society.
XVIII. Account of a Flag representing the Introduction of the Caste of Chalias or Cinnamon-peelers, into Ceylon
Authors: Johnston Alexander
Published: July 2016

I beg leave to send you an account of the painting upon cloth which I presented to the Society some time ago, and which is a fac-simile of a very ancient banner of the caste of Chalias, or cinnamon-peelers, on the island of Ceylon.

The present numbers and importance of these people, render their history a subject of curious research. As the Cingalese inhabitants of Ceylon were, previous to the thirteenth century, ignorant of the art of weaving fine cloth, which was then known to the Hindu inhabitants of the peninsula of India, the kings of Kandy offered great rewards to any of their subjects who would bring over from the peninsula some weavers for the purpose of introducing that art into Ceylon.
XIX. On the Jainas of Gujerat and Máŕwáŕ.—Part I
Authors: Miles William
Published: July 2016

The following extract from a Persian work, entitled the Mirát i Ahmadí, part of which is devoted to a description of the religion and customs of the Jainas, appearing to me a compendious (although in some points a rather inaccurate) account of that people, I have taken the liberty to prefix it, by way of introduction, to my own paper.
Some Considerations in the Theories of Combinations, Probabilities, and Life Contingencies
Authors: Hardy Peter
Published: July 2016

My object in the following paper is to give, in a few leading problems, a general and somewhat elementary view of the Theory of Probabilities, exhibiting the immediate dependence of the doctrine of Life Contingencies on the laws of probability and combination, and showing how apparently complicated problems, involving two and three lives, can be deduced directly from their very simplest and most elementary forms of expression.

From the nature of the subject-matter proposed to be treated, it will be at once perceived, that this paper is intended rather for the instruction of the student in this branch of mathematical analysis, than for the use of the proficient; and I claim for it no higher distinction.
Relationship Satisfaction and Risk Factors for Suicide
Authors: Till Benedikt , Tran Ulrich S. , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Background: Previous studies suggest that troubled romantic relationships are associated with higher risk factors for mental health. However, studies examining the role of relationship satisfaction in suicide risk factors are scarce. Aims: We investigated differences in risk factors for suicide between individuals with high relationship satisfaction, individuals with low relationship satisfaction, and singles. Furthermore, we explored patterns of experiencing, and dealing with, conflicts in the relationship and examined associations with suicide risk factors. Method: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed relationship status, relationship satisfaction, specific types of relationship conflicts, and suicide risk factors (i.e., suicidal ideation, hopelessness, depression) with questionnaires among 382 individuals in Austria. Results: Risk factors for suicide were higher among singles than among individuals in happy relationships, but lower among those with low relationship satisfaction. Participants reporting a high number of unsolved conflicts in their relationship had higher levels of suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and depression than individuals who tend to solve issues with their partner amicably or report no conflicts. Conclusion: Relationship satisfaction and relationship conflicts reflect risk factors for suicide, with higher levels of suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and depression reported by individuals who mentioned unsolved conflicts with their partner and experienced low satisfaction with their relationship.
The Relationships Between Trust in Supervisor, Turnover Intentions,	and Voluntary Turnover
Authors: Purba Debora E. , Oostrom Janneke K. , Born Marise Ph. , van der Molen Henk T.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating effect of on-the-job embeddedness on the relationship between trust in supervisor and turnover. Survey data were collected among 471 employees of a restaurant chain in Indonesia. Results showed that job embeddedness mediated the relationship between trust in supervisor and turnover intentions. Turnover intentions were positively correlated with actual voluntary turnover 15 months later. The results confirmed that the trustworthiness of supervisors affects the quality of the relationships between supervisors and employees. Hence, low levels of trust must be addressed as soon as possible in order to maintain a healthy environment in which employees are able to develop their job embeddedness.
Basolateral amygdala nucleus responses to appetitive conditioned stimuli correlate with variations in conditioned behaviour
Authors: Lee Seung-Chan , Amir Alon , Headley Drew B. , Haufler Darrell , Pare Denis
Published: July 2016

In the lateral amygdala (LA), training-induced increases in neuronal responsiveness to conditioned stimuli (CSs) reflect potentiated sensory responses that drive conditioned behaviours (CRs) via LA’s targets. The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BL) receives LA inputs and projects to various subcortical sites that can drive aversive and appetitive CRs. Consistent with this, BL neurons also develop increased responses to CSs that predict rewarding or aversive outcomes. This increased BL activity is thought to reflect the potentiated sensory responses of LA neurons. Here we contrast the CS-related activity of BL neurons when rats produced the expected CR or not, to show that cells activated by appetitive CSs mainly encode behavioural output, not CS identity. The strong dependence of BL activity on behaviour irrespective of CS identity suggests that feedforward connectivity from LA to BL can be overridden by other BL inputs.
The frequency of, and adherence to, single maintenance and reliever therapy instructions in asthma: a descriptive analysis
Authors: DiSantostefano Rachael L , Boudiaf Nada , Stempel David A , Barnes Neil C , Greening Andrew P
Published: July 2016

Inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA) fixed-dose combinations are recommended regular maintenance options for asthma. ICS/LABAs containing formoterol may also be indicated for single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART). This analysis evaluated the frequency of SMART dosing of budesonide/formoterol fixed-dose combination (BFC) in the United Kingdom. Secondary objectives were to assess adherence and use of short-acting ß2-agonists (SABAs). This was a descriptive analysis of treatment patterns using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink-GP OnLine Database data (2009–2013). SMART dosing was determined when prescription instructions contained guidance for daily dosing plus ‘and when required’. Treatment and prescription refill patterns of BFC and SABA were described in the year following the index date to identify adherence and SMART dosing instructions versus other dosing regimens. Of 14,818 patients identified, 173 (1.2%) had evidence of prescriptions for SMART dosing at their index BFC prescription. Despite being prescribed SMART dosing, 91 of 173 patients (53%) were additionally dispensed SABA in the year following the index date. The mean number of BFC inhalers used was less than required for daily treatment for SMART and non-SMART dosing groups (4.7 and 4.8, respectively).This analysis suggests that SMART dosing is infrequent when examining dosing instructions. Therefore, results of randomised clinical trials using SMART dosing may not translate to clinical practice in the United Kingdom because of the low level of SMART prescription, concurrent use of SABA, and inadequate refill persistence observed. Further research is needed to understand SMART dosing in real-world clinical practice.
The intrinsic defect structure of exfoliated MoS2 single layers revealed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Vancsó Péter , Magda Gábor Zsolt , Pető János , Noh Ji-Young , Kim Yong-Sung , Hwang Chanyong , Biró László P. , Tapasztó Levente
Published: July 2016

MoS2 single layers have recently emerged as strong competitors of graphene in electronic and optoelectronic device applications due to their intrinsic direct bandgap. However, transport measurements reveal the crucial role of defect-induced electronic states, pointing out the fundamental importance of characterizing their intrinsic defect structure. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is able to image atomic scale defects in MoS2 single layers, but the imaged defect structure is far from the one probed in the electronic devices, as the defect density and distribution are substantially altered during the TEM imaging. Here, we report that under special imaging conditions, STM measurements can fully resolve the native atomic scale defect structure of MoS2 single layers. Our STM investigations clearly resolve a high intrinsic concentration of individual sulfur atom vacancies and experimentally identify the nature of the defect induced electronic mid-gap states, by combining topographic STM images with ab intio calculations. Experimental data on the intrinsic defect structure and the associated defect-bound electronic states that can be directly used for the interpretation of transport measurements are essential to fully understand the operation, reliability and performance limitations of realistic electronic devices based on MoS2 single layers.
Bio-Inspired Miniature Direction Finding Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Wilmott Daniel , Alves Fabio , Karunasiri Gamani
Published: July 2016

A narrowband MEMS direction finding sensor has been developed based on the mechanically coupled ears of the Ormia Ochracea fly. The sensor consists of two wings coupled at the middle and attached to a substrate using two legs. The sensor operates at its bending resonance frequency and has cosine directional characteristics similar to that of a pressure gradient microphone. Thus, the directional response of the sensor is symmetric about the normal axis making the determination of the direction ambiguous. To overcome this shortcoming two sensors were assembled with a canted angle similar to that employed in radar bearing locators. The outputs of two sensors were processed together allowing direction finding with no requirement of knowing the incident sound pressure level. At the bending resonant frequency of the sensors (1.69 kHz) an output voltage of about 25 V/Pa was measured. The angle uncertainty of the bearing of sound ranged from less than 0.3° close to the normal axis (0°) to 3.4° at the limits of coverage (±60°) based on the 30° canted angle used. These findings indicate the great potential to use dual MEMS direction finding sensor assemblies to locate sound sources with high accuracy.
Capillary-induced Homogenization of Matrix in Paper: A Powerful Approach for the Quantification of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: de Menezes Maico , de Oliveira Diogo Noin , Catharino Rodrigo Ramos
Published: July 2016

Herein we present a novel approach for the quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using mass spectrometry imaging. This strategy uses a filter paper previously “eluted” with a MALDI matrix solution as a support for analyte application. Samples are submitted to mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and quantification through characteristic fingerprints is ultimately performed. Results for the content of rosuvastatin from a known formulation are comparable to those obtained with a validated HPLC method.
The human amniotic fluid stem cell secretome effectively counteracts doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Lazzarini Edoardo , Balbi Carolina , Altieri Paola , Pfeffer Ulrich , Gambini Elisa , Canepa Marco , Varesio Luigi , Bosco Maria Carla , Coviello Domenico , Pompilio Giulio , Brunelli Claudio , Cancedda Ranieri , Ameri Pietro , Bollini Sveva
Published: July 2016

The anthracycline doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used in oncology, but it may cause a cardiomyopathy with bleak prognosis that cannot be effectively prevented. The secretome of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFS) has previously been demonstrated to significantly reduce ischemic cardiac damage. Here it is shown that, following hypoxic preconditioning, hAFS conditioned medium (hAFS-CM) antagonizes senescence and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and cardiac progenitor cells, two major features of Dox cardiotoxicity. Mechanistic studies with mouse neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (mNVCM) reveal that hAFS-CM inhibition of Dox-elicited senescence and apoptosis is associated with decreased DNA damage, nuclear translocation of NF-kB and upregulation of the NF-kB controlled genes,Il6andCxcl1, promoting mNVCM survival. Furthermore, hAFS-CM induces expression of the efflux transporter,Abcb1band Dox extrusion from mNVCM. The PI3K/Akt signaling cascade, upstream of NF-kB, is potently activated by hAFS-CM and pre-treatment with a PI3K inhibitor abrogates NF-kB accumulation into the nucleus, modulation ofIl6,Cxcl1andAbcb1band prevention of Dox-initiated senescence and apoptosis in response to hAFS-CM. These results support the concept that hAFS are a valuable source of cardioprotective factors and lay the foundations for the development of a stem cell-based paracrine treatment of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity.
Imaging of Osteoarthritic Human Articular Cartilage using Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy Combined with Multivariate and Univariate Analysis
Authors: Oinas J. , Rieppo L. , Finnilä M. A. J. , Valkealahti M. , Lehenkari P. , Saarakkala S.
Published: July 2016

The changes in chemical composition of human articular cartilage (AC) caused by osteoarthritis (OA) were investigated using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MS). We demonstrate the sensitivity of FTIR-MS for monitoring compositional changes that occur with OA progression. Twenty-eight AC samples from tibial plateaus were imaged with FTIR-MS. Hyperspectral images of all samples were combined for K-means clustering. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to compare the spectra with the OARSI grade (histopathological grading of OA). Furthermore, the amide I and the carbohydrate regions were used to estimate collagen and proteoglycan contents, respectively. Spectral peak at 1338 cm−1 was used to estimate the integrity of the collagen network. The layered structure of AC was revealed using the carbohydrate region for clustering. Statistically significant correlation was observed between the OARSI grade and the collagen integrity in the superficial (r = −0.55) and the deep (r = −0.41) zones. Furthermore, PLSR models predicted the OARSI grade from the superficial (r = 0.94) and the deep (r = 0.77) regions of the AC with high accuracy. Obtained results suggest that quantitative and qualitative changes occur in the AC composition during OA progression and these can be monitored by the use of FTIR-MS.
A Chinese herbal decoction, reformulated from Kai-Xin-San, relieves the depression-like symptoms in stressed rats and induces neurogenesis in cultured neurons
Authors: Yan Lu , Hu Qinghua , Mak Marvin S. H. , Lou Jianshu , Xu Sherry L. , Bi Cathy W. C. , Zhu Yue , Wang Huaiyou , Dong Tina T. X. , Tsim Karl W. K.
Published: July 2016

Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a Chinese herbal decoction for anti-depression, is a combination of paired-herbs, i.e. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (GR)-Polygalae Radix (PR) and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR)-Poria (PO). The make-up of the paired-herbs has been commonly revised according to syndrome differentiation and treatment variation of individual. Currently, an optimized KXS (KXS2012) was prepared by functional screening different combination of GR-PR and ATR-PO. The aim of this study was to verify the effect and underlying mechanism of KXS2012 against depression in chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depressive rats and in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes. In rat model, the CMS-induced depressive symptoms were markedly alleviated by the treatment with KXS2012. The CMS-suppressed neurotransmitter amounts were restored in the presence of KXS2012. And the expressions of neurotropic factors and its corresponding receptors were increased under KXS2012 administration. In cultured neurons, application of KXS2012 could promote neurogenesis by inducing the expression of synaptotagmin and dendritic spine density. Moreover, application of KXS2012 in cultured astrocytes, or in H2O2-stressed astrocytes, induced the expressions of neurotrophic factors: the increase might be associated with the modification of Erk1/2 and CREB phosphorylation. Our current results fully support the therapeutic efficacy of KXS2012 against depression in cell and animal models.
Mitonuclear interactions, mtDNA-mediated thermal plasticity and implications for the Trojan Female Technique for pest control
Authors: Wolff Jonci N. , Tompkins Daniel M. , Gemmell Neil J. , Dowling Damian K.
Published: July 2016

Pest species pose major challenges to global economies, ecosystems and health. Unfortunately, most conventional approaches to pest control remain costly and temporary in effect. As such, a heritable variant of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) was proposed, based on the introduction of mitochondrial DNA mutations into pest populations, which impair male fertility but have no effects on females. Evidence for this “Trojan Female Technique” (TFT) was recently provided, in the form of a mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mt:Cyt-b) of Drosophila melanogaster which reduces male fertility across diverse nuclear backgrounds. However, recent studies have shown that the magnitude of mitochondrial genetic effects on the phenotype can vary greatly across environments, with mtDNA polymorphisms commonly entwined in genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions. Here we test whether the male-sterilizing effects previously associated with the mt:Cyt-b mutation are consistent across three thermal and three nuclear genomic contexts. The effects of this mutation were indeed moderated by the nuclear background and thermal environment, but crucially the fertility of males carrying the mutation was invariably reduced relative to controls. This mutation thus constitutes a promising candidate for the further development of the TFT.