bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Impure Gas on CO2 Capture from Flue Gas Using Carbon Nanotubes: A Molecular Simulation Study
Authors: Su Yiru , Liu Siyao , Gao Xuechao
Published: March 2022

We used a grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation to study the influence of impurities including water vapor, SO2, and O2 in the flue gas on the adsorption of CO2/N2 mixture in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carboxyl doped CNT arrays. In the presence of single impure gas, SO2 yielded the most inhibitions on CO2 adsorption, while the influence of water only occurred at low pressure limit (0.1 bar), where a one-dimensional chain of hydrogen-bonded molecules was formed. Further, O2 was found to hardly affect the adsorption and separation of CO2. With three impurities in flue gas, SO2 still played a major role to suppress the adsorption of CO2 by reducing the adsorption amount significantly. This was mainly because SO2 had a stronger interaction with carbon walls in comparison with CO2. The presence of three impurities in flue gas enhanced the adsorption complexity due to the interactions between different species. Modified by hydrophilic carboxyl groups, a large amount of H2O occupied the adsorption space outside the tube in the carbon nanotube arrays, and SO2 produced competitive adsorption for CO2 in the tube. Both of the two effects inhibited the adsorption of CO2, but improved the selectivity of CO2/N2, and the competition between the two determined the adsorption distribution of CO2 inside and outside the tube. In addition, it was found that (7, 7) CNT always maintained the best CO2/N2 adsorption and separation performance in the presence of impurity gas, for both the cases of single CNT and CNT array.
A New Pt(II) Complex with Anionic s-Triazine Based NNO-Donor Ligand: Synthesis, X-ray Structure, Hirshfeld Analysis and DFT Studies
Authors: Altowyan Mezna Saleh , Soliman Saied M. , Lasri Jamal , Eltayeb Naser E. , Haukka Matti , Barakat Assem , El-Faham Ayman
Published: March 2022

The reaction of PtCl2 with s-triazine-type ligand (HTriaz) (1:1) in acetone under heating afforded a new [Pt(Triaz)Cl] complex. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the ligand (HTriaz) is an NNO tridentate chelate via two N-atoms from the s-triazine and hydrazone moieties and one oxygen from the deprotonated phenolic OH. The coordination environment of the Pt(II) is completed by one Cl−1 ion trans to the Pt-N(hydrazone). Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the most dominant interactions are the H···H, H···C and O···H intermolecular contacts. These interactions contributed by 60.9, 11.2 and 8.3% from the whole fingerprint area, respectively. Other minor contributions from the Cl···H, C···N, N···H and C···C contacts were also detected. Among these interactions, the most significant contacts are the O···H, H···C and H···H interactions. The amounts of the electron transfer from the ligand groups to Pt(II) metal center were predicted using NBO calculations. Additionally, the electronic spectra were assigned based on the TD-DFT calculations.
Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Precursors and Residues: What Else to Consider?
Authors: Alcañiz-Monge Juan , Román-Martínez María del Carmen , Lillo-Ródenas María Ángeles
Published: March 2022

This paper provides the basis for understanding the preparation and properties of an old, but advanced material: activated carbon. The activated carbons discussed herein are obtained from “green” precursors: biomass residues. Accordingly, the present study starts analyzing the components of biomass residues, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and the features that make them suitable raw materials for preparing activated carbons. The physicochemical transformations of these components during their heat treatment that lead to the development of a carbonized material, a biochar, are also considered. The influence of the chemical activation experimental conditions on the yield and porosity development of the final activated carbons are revised as well, and compared with those for physical activation, highlighting the physicochemical interactions between the activating agents and the lignocellulosic components. This review incorporates a comprehensive discussion about the surface chemistry that can be developed as a result of chemical activation and compiles some results related to the mechanical properties and conformation of activated carbons, scarcely analyzed in most published papers. Finally, economic, and environmental issues involved in the large-scale preparation of activated carbons by chemical activation of lignocellulosic precursors are commented on as well.
Research Progress on Triarylmethyl Radical-Based High-Efficiency OLED
Authors: Luo Jie , Rong Xiao-Fan , Ye Yu-Yuan , Li Wen-Zhen , Wang Xiao-Qiang , Wang Wenjing
Published: March 2022

Perchlorotrityl radical (PTM), tris (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (TTM), (3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl) bis (2,4,6 trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (PyBTM), (N-carbazolyl) bis (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) methyl radical (CzBTM), and their derivatives are stable organic radicals that exhibit light emissions at room temperature. Since these triarylmethyl radicals have an unpaired electron, their electron spins at the lowest excited state and ground state are both doublets, and the transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state does not pose the problem of a spin-forbidden reaction. When used as OLED layers, these triarylmethyl radicals exhibit unique light-emitting properties, which can increase the theoretical upper limit of the OLED’s internal quantum efficiency (IQE) to 100%. In recent years, research on the luminescent properties of triarylmethyl radicals has attracted increasing attention. In this review, recent developments in these triarylmethyl radicals and their derivatives in OLED devices are introduced.
Experimental and Computational Investigation on the Interaction of Anticancer Drug Gemcitabine with Human Plasma Protein: Effect of Copresence of Ibuprofen on the Binding
Authors: Ali Mohd Sajid , Al-Lohedan Hamad A.
Published: March 2022

The interaction of common anticancer drug gemcitabine with human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied in detail. The effect of an omnipresent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen was also seen on the binding of HSA and gemcitabine. A slight hyperchromic shift in the difference UV-visible absorption spectra of HSA on the addition of gemcitabine gave a primary idea of the possible complex formation between them. The inner filter effect, which happens due to the significant absorbance of the ligand at the excitation and/or emission wavelengths, played an important role in the observed fluorescence quenching of HSA by gemcitabine that can be understood by comparing the observed and corrected fluorescence intensities obtained at λex = 280 nm and 295 nm. Gemcitabine showed weak interaction with HSA, which took place via a dynamic quenching mechanism with 1:1 cooperative binding between them. Secondary structural analysis, based on circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, showed that low concentrations of gemcitabine did not affect the native structure of protein; however, higher concentrations affected it slightly with partial unfolding. For understanding the binding site of gemcitabine within HSA, both experimental (using site markers, warfarin and ibuprofen) as well as computational methods were employed, which revealed that the gemcitabine binding site is located between the interface of subdomain IIA and IIB within the close proximity of the warfarin site (drug site 1). The effect of ibuprofen on the binding was further elaborated because of the possibility of its coexistence with gemcitabine in the prescription given to the cancer patients, and it was noticed that, ibuprofen, even present in high amounts, did not affect the binding efficacy of gemcitabine with HSA. DFT analyses of various conformers of gemcitabine obtained from its docking with various structures of HSA (free and bounded with site markers), show that the stability of the gemcitabine molecule increased slightly after binding with ibuprofen-complexed HSA. Both experimental as well as computational results were in good agreement with each other.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Incorporating Graphene Oxide
Authors: Hong Xiaojiang , Lee Jin Chai , Qian Bo
Published: March 2022

The increasing demand for high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) with excellent mechanical properties has inspired the development of nanomaterials in fundamentally solving brittleness and cracking. This work investigated the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of HSLWC, including the workability, density, compressive strength in different curing regimes, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six groups of mixtures were mixed with GO aqueous solution at a dosage of 0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, and 0.08% by weight of cement, respectively, and dispersed by ultrasound for 30 min. The test results showed that adding a low volume of GO to the specimens could slightly increase the density, rationally reduce the slump, and significantly improve the mechanical properties. The maximum increase in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength of HSLWC with GO at 28 days was by 24%, 17%, 15%, 20%, respectively, as compared with HSLWC without GO. Simultaneously, the SEM results showed that GO could not only fill nano-scale pores, but also regulate the formation and growth of flower-like crystals, which was an important factor for the further improvement of properties. The research results provided a potential new pathway to improve the mechanical properties of HSLWC.
Mapping Complex Interventions in Portuguese Healthcare Research: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Ventura Filipa , Araújo Odete , Casaleiro Tiago , Morgado Tânia , Oliveira Cláudia
Published: March 2022

Along with the worldwide recognition of the importance of the methodological guidance to the validity and rigour of complex health interventions, this scoping review aims to identify and characterise the scientific evidence on complex health interventions in Portuguese healthcare research. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for scoping reviews will be followed. The population (P) concept (C) context (C) mnemonic will scaffold the research questions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and searching strategy. MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, and Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP) will be searched. Scientific evidence reporting complex health interventions in the Portuguese healthcare context, in Portuguese and English and published from 2008 and onwards will be considered for inclusion. Literature pertaining to complex health interventions outside the Portuguese healthcare context will be excluded. The literature will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers first by title and abstract and subsequently by full-text. A data matrix will be used for data-extraction of the included literature. The charted data will be thematically analysed and presented graphically with a narrative description of the literature characteristics. The results from this literature review are expected to provide an overview of the knowledge concerning the characteristics and methodological guidance of Portuguese complex health interventions.
Organoid Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Have We Learned about COVID-19?
Authors: Tran Bang M. , Deliyannis Georgia , Hachani Abderrahman , Earnest Linda , Torresi Joseph , Vincan Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was classified as a pandemic in March 2020. As of 22 January 2022, globally more than 347 million cases of COVID-19 have been diagnosed, with 5.6 million deaths, making it the deadliest pandemic since the influenza pandemic in 1918. The clinical presentation of COVID-19-related illness spans from asymptomatic to mild respiratory symptoms akin to influenza infection to acute symptoms, including pneumonia necessitating hospitalisation and admission to intensive care units. COVID-19 starts in the upper respiratory tract and lungs but in severe cases can also involve the heart, blood vessels, brain, liver, kidneys and intestine. The increasing global health and economic burden of COVID-19 necessitates an urgent and global response. Understanding the functional characteristics and cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2, and the pathogenesis that leads to multi-organ failure and death, has prompted an unprecedented adoption of organoid models. Successful drug discovery and vaccine development rely on pre-clinical models that faithfully recapitulate the viral life cycle and the host cell response to infection. Human stem cell-derived organoids fulfill these criteria. Here we highlight the role of organoids in the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and modelling of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Sexual Dimorphism of the Neuroimmunoendocrine Response in the Spleen during a Helminth Infection: A New Role for an Old Player?
Authors: Nava-Castro Karen Elizabeth , Pavón Lenin , Becerril-Villanueva Luis Enrique , Ponce-Regalado María Dolores , Aguilar-Díaz Hugo , Segovia-Mendoza Mariana , Morales-Montor Jorge
Published: March 2022

The interaction of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in vertebrates, and vital in mammals. The spleen is a key organ that regulates the neuroimmunoendocrine system. The Taenia crassiceps mouse system is an excellent experimental model to study the complex host–parasite relationship, particularly sex-associated susceptibility to infection. The present study aimed to determine the changes in neurotransmitters, cytokines, sex steroids, and sex-steroid receptors in the spleen of cysticercus-infected male and female mice and whole parasite counts. We found that parasite load was higher in females in comparison to male mice. The levels of the neurotransmitter epinephrine were significantly decreased in infected male animals. The expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in the spleen was markedly increased in infected mice; however, the expression of Interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ decreased. We also observed sex-associated differences between non-infected and infected mice. Interestingly, the data show that estradiol levels increased in infected males but decreased in females. Our studies provide evidence that infection leads to changes in neuroimmunoendocrine molecules in the spleen, and these changes are dimorphic and impact the establishment, growth, and reproduction of T. crassiceps. Our findings support the critical role of the neuroimmunoendocrine network in determining sex-associated susceptibility to the helminth parasite.
Pioneering Role of Marine Macroalgae in Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Kalasariya Haresh S. , Pereira Leonel , Patel Nikunj B.
Published: March 2022

Cosmetics are broadly used by people to protect the skin from external environmental stresses and for beauty purposes globally. A recent trend towards cosmetics with natural formulations has emerged. The cosmetic industry uses the term ‘cosmeceutical’ to refer to a cosmetic formula that has drug-like applicative advantages. Recently, macroalgae have received increased attention as natural ingredients for cosmeceutical applications. Many marine algae are rich in biologically active components that have been reported to exhibit strong benefits to the skin, mainly for photoprotection, skin whitening, moisturization, anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, antioxidants, and antimicrobial uses. The present review provides a detailed study of the literature on the cosmetic potentials of marine algae-derived polysaccharides, peptides and amino acids, pigments, phenolic components, and fatty acids. We provide an overview of different types of macroalgae with their biologically active constituents and potential cosmetic benefits. In addition, the bioactive molecules of cosmetic products containing marine macroalgae as well as their mechanisms of action are briefly discussed.
High-Throughput RNA Sequencing of Mosaic Infected and Non-Infected Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Cultivars: From Detection to the Reconstruction of Whole Genome of Viruses and Viroid
Authors: Nabi Sajad U. , Baranwal Virendra K. , Rao Govind P. , Mansoor Sheikh , Vladulescu Carmen , Raja Wasim H. , Jan Basit L. , Alansi Saleh
Published: March 2022

Many viruses have been found associated with apple mosaic disease in different parts of the world. In order to reveal and characterize the viruses and viroids in symptomatic apple plants, next-generation sequencing (RNA seq.) of rRNA-depleted total RNA using Illumina Hiseq2500 was applied to two cultivars, Oregon Spur and Golden Delicious, with symptoms of mosaic and necrosis and one cultivar, Red Fuji, which was asymptomatic. The RNA sequencing detected five viruses, viz., apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV), apple mosaic virus (ApMV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and one viroid i.e., apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd). RT-PCR amplification and sequencing also confirmed the presence of all these five viruses and viroids detected in HTS of total RNA. The complete genomes of five viruses and AHVd were reconstructed. The phylogenetic analysis of these viruses and AHVd revealed genetic diversity by forming subclusters with isolates from other countries. Recombination events were observed in all five viruses while single-nucleotide variants were detected only in ApMV and ApNMV. The absence of ApMV and ApNMV in asymptomatic samples from the same cultivars in an RT-PCR assay indicated that these two viruses are associated with mosaic disease of apples in India. This is the first viral genome analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic apple plants and the first report of genome characterization of viruses associated with apple mosaic disease from India. High-throughput RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to characterize the genome of viruses and viroids in plants previously undetected by conventional methods. This would also help in the indexing and certification of large-scale germplasm.
Uncovering the Gene Regulatory Network of Maize Hybrid ZD309 under Heat Stress by Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Liu Jingbao , Zhang Linna , Huang Lu , Yang Tianxiao , Ma Juan , Yu Ting , Zhu Weihong , Zhang Zhanhui , Tang Jihua
Published: March 2022

Maize is an important cereal crop but is sensitive to heat stress, which significantly restricts its grain yield. To explore the molecular mechanism of maize heat tolerance, a heat-tolerant hybrid ZD309 and its parental lines (H39_1 and M189) were subjected to heat stress, followed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. After six-day-heat treatment, the growth of ZD309 and its parental lines were suppressed, showing dwarf stature and rolled leaf compared with the control plants. ZD309 exhibited vigorous growth; however, M189 displayed superior heat tolerance. By transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites (DEMs) were identified. Notably, the female parent H39 shares more DEGs and DEMs with the hybrid ZD309, indicating more genetic gain derived from the female instead of the male. A total of 299 heat shock genes detected among three genotypes were greatly aggregated in sugar transmembrane transporter activity, plasma membrane, photosynthesis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, cysteine, and methionine metabolism. A total of 150 heat-responsive metabolites detected among three genotypes were highly accumulated, including jasmonic acid, amino acids, sugar, flavonoids, coumarin, and organic acids. Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic assays revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, cysteine, and methionine metabolism, and α-linolenic acid metabolism play crucial roles in heat tolerance in maize. Our research will be facilitated to identify essential heat tolerance genes in maize, thereby contributing to breeding heat resistance maize varieties.
Establishment and Application of a Grey Quality Gain–Loss Function Model
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Qikai , Liu Chen , Chen Zihan , Nie Xiangtian
Published: March 2022

Based on Grey System Theory and the inverted normal quality gain-loss function, the inverted normal grey quality gain-loss function model is put forward. According to the constant compensation and hyperbolic tangent compensation, the grey quality gain-loss function model with nominal-type characteristics, larger-the-better characteristics and smaller-the-better characteristics is built. A multivariate grey quality gain-loss function model with multiple sub quality indexes and the concept of grey quality gain-loss cost are proposed. Case analysis is applied to the quality control of dam concrete construction, which verifies the applicability of the model and provides an important reference for research on the new theory of dam concrete construction quality control.
Thermophysical Properties of a Subsoil Drill Core for Geothermal Energy Applications
Authors: Lager Daniel , Haslinger Edith , Friedrich Robin , Hoyer Stefan , Rupprecht Doris
Published: March 2022

Urban heat islands (UHI) occur especially in inner-city areas due to small green areas, an excess of high solar heat, and low air circulation. One solution is the “harvesting” of excess solar urban heat through shallow absorber ducts, which are then used in borehole heat exchanger (BHE) fields for later use for heat or cold storage. Knowing the thermophysical properties of the subsurface as accurately as possible is of great importance in the design and configuring of a borehole heat exchanger field as a thermal energy storage system. In this study, a subsoil drill core from a BHE, with a depth of 80 m, was used to determine temperature dependent effective thermal conductivity based on the heat flow meter method, the specific heat capacity based on differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal expansion based on dilatometry in moist and dry states. The results have shown that the actual moisture content of the subsoil sample has a strong impact on the thermal conductivity, as well as on the heat capacity. Thermal expansion measurements have shown the influence of the drying process on the shrinkage of drill core samples and the low thermal expansion of the dry subsoil itself.
A Novel Fault Detection Scheme Based on Mutual k-Nearest Neighbor Method: Application on the Industrial Processes with Outliers
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhou Zhe , Li Zuxin , Du Shuxin
Published: March 2022

The k-nearest neighbor (kNN) method only uses samples’ paired distance to perform fault detection. It can overcome the nonlinearity, multimodality, and non-Gaussianity of process data. However, the nearest neighbors found by kNN on a data set containing a lot of outliers or noises may not be actual or trustworthy neighbors but a kind of pseudo neighbor, which will degrade process monitoring performance. This paper presents a new fault detection scheme using the mutual k-nearest neighbor (MkNN) method to solve this problem. The primary characteristic of our approach is that the calculation of the distance statistics for process monitoring uses MkNN rule instead of kNN. The advantage of the proposed approach is that the influence of outliers in the training data is eliminated, and the fault samples without MkNNs can be directly detected, which improves the performance of fault detection. In addition, the mutual protection phenomenon of outliers is explored. The numerical examples and Tenessee Eastman process illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Does Cryptocurrency Hurt African Firms?
Authors: Sami Mina , Abdallah Wael
Published: March 2022

This paper aimed to assess the effect of the cryptocurrency market on firms’ market value, especially on the sectoral level, in Africa. To reach the study’s main goal, the authors adopted the Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSEs) and Panel Double-Clustered Standard Errors (PDCSEs). Using firm-level data, the results of this study can be summarized as follows: (a) The cryptocurrency market hurts the firm market value in Africa. (b) The firms operating across different sectors respond disproportionally to the cryptocurrency market. For instance, the sectors that offer low returns in Africa (industrial, energy, financial) negatively respond to the cryptocurrency market, while the sectors that offer high returns (real estate and information technology) are not significantly affected. (c) The cryptocurrency market has a perverse effect on less experienced and highly indebted firms. (d) The consistent policies of governments to ban cryptocurrency do not work efficiently.
Purple Corn Silk Extract Attenuates UVB-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocyte Cells
Authors: Poorahong Watcharaporn , Innajak Sukanda , Ungsurungsie Malyn , Watanapokasin Ramida
Published: March 2022

UVB is a causative factor for severe skin damage, such as cell aging, death, and inflammation. UVB easily permeates into the epidermis layer of human skin, which is mainly composed of keratinocyte cells. In previous results, we found that purple corn silk (PCS) extract showed the potential to inhibit keratinocyte damages of UVB-treated cells. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of PCS extract against the inflammation of UVB-induced keratinocyte cells using the HaCaT cell line. HaCaT cells were treated with PCS extract at various concentrations for 1 h, then exposed to 25 mJ/cm2 UVB before subsequent experiments. Fragmented DNA was observed using flow cytometry. The inflammatory response was investigated through NF-κB activity by immunofluorescence staining and related protein expression by Western blotting. The results demonstrated that PCS extract decreased the sub-G1 DNA content. Interestingly, PCS extract attenuated NF-κB activity via suppressed NF-κB nuclear translocation and protein expression. Moreover, PCS extract remarkably decreased c-Jun phosphorylation and decreased proinflammatory cytokines, along with iNOS and COX-2 levels in UVB-treated cells compared to the UVB-control group. This finding exhibited that PCS extract minimized inflammation in keratinocyte cells induced by UVB radiation.
Integrating Young People into the Workforce: England’s Twenty-First Century Solutions
Authors: Roberts Ken
Published: March 2022

This paper uses the transition regime concept in a case study of how the regime in England has been reconstructed since the 1980s. It explains how the former transition regime evolved gradually up to the 1970s. Thereafter the regime proved unable to cope with an acceleration of de-industrialisation and the government’s switch to neo-liberal social and economic policies. These changes destroyed many working-class routes into employment. The resultant push onto academic routes, which had the attraction of continuing to lead to jobs, meant that the enlarged numbers exiting the routes could no longer rely on employment that offered secure middle-class futures. The paper explains how the next 30 years became a period of radical regime reconstruction. Government education, training and welfare policies and changes in the economy and occupational structure, were the context in which schools, colleges and higher education institutions, employers and other training providers, together with young people, ‘negotiated’ new routes from points to entry to exits into different classes of employment. At the beginning of the 2020s, the reconstructed regime was delivering the fastest education-to-work transitions in Europe, with lower than average rates of youth unemployment and NEET. Then came the challenges of COVID-19, lockdowns and Brexit.
Reconstruction of Historical Memory: A Methodological Approach to Uncover the Reasons of the Armed Uprising in the Montes de María, Colombia
Authors: Banquez-Mendoza Jesús G. , Martínez-González Marina B. , Amar-Amar José , López-Muñoz Laura V.
Published: March 2022

This work aims to reconstruct the historical memory of the armed conflict in the Montes de María coastline, province of Sucre, Colombia, in a moment of military confrontations and responses of defenseless civilians to the repertoire of violence caused by armed groups—specifically against the Unión Camilista–Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP), and the paramilitary groups present in the Gulf of Morrosquillo. The objective of this study was to determine the reasons that led the community of Libertad to rise in arms and repel the abuses of armed groups by testing two hypotheses: (1) the frequency of victimizing acts consisting of sexual violence against the women of the Libertad village provoked the community to take up arms; (2) the presence of social agents, here called provocateurs of the community response, motivated the community’s social cohesion and armed uprising. The research is developed using a qualitative methodology with a narrative approach that involved a sample of 49 informants, including two focus groups. We provide empirical findings which are pivotal to understanding the reasons why defenseless civilians made the decision to defend themselves with arms against illegal armed groups that invaded their territory and harassed their communities, especially when dealing with an ethnic minority such as Afro-descendants.
A Paradigm Shift for a Transition to Sustainable Urban Transport
Authors: Filippi Francesco
Published: March 2022

The traffic-engineering methods of planning based on the predict-and-provide principle have self-enforcing effects of induced traffic and an unhealthy environment for humans as well as for the planet. The paper aims to demonstrate that such methods keep cities stuck in a sort of path dependency with transport technologies and urban environment and to find evidence that something is changing in theory, trends, and practice. A systematic and extensive literature review has been used to identify and understand the problems, to recognise the changes taking place, and to examine the solutions. The main findings are the causes of how these problems could have happened and continue to do so regardless of the huge negative effects and the recognition that a paradigm shift is emerging as the sum of methods and achievements developed by the community of academics, experts, practitioners, policymakers, and urban communities. The findings can have practical, effective implications as the determinants of a new transport policy paradigm that shows the way out of the trap of path dependency. The originality of the approach lies in having expanded and applied the concept of anomalies of the theory to the adverse effects of technologies and the mismatch between people and the modern urban environment. The new paradigm is already showing its practical effectiveness in solving real problems by adapting cities and technologies to human nature and developing a more holistic human-centric planning method.
Assessment of Aortoiliac Atherosclerotic Plaque on CT in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment
Authors: Lee Sungwon , Elton Daniel C. , Gulley James L. , Pickhardt Perry J. , Dahut William L. , Madan Ravi A. , Pinto Peter A. , Citrin Deborah E. , Summers Ronald M.
Published: March 2022

Traditionally, atherosclerotic risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer are assessed using coronary artery calcium scoring. However, this neglects the impact of atherosclerotic disease more proximal to the cancer site. This study assesses whether aortoiliac atherosclerotic plaque is associated with prostate cancer. The dataset consisted of abdominopelvic CT of 93 patients with prostate cancer and 186 asymptomatic patients who underwent CT colonography as an age- and gender-matched control group. Agatston scores were measured in the abdominal aorta, common iliac, and internal iliac arteries. The scores were evaluated for associations with age, Framingham risk score, and prostate cancer-related biomarkers, including prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, tumor location, prostatectomy, androgen deprivation therapy, mortality, and bone metastasis. The atherosclerotic plaque of prostate cancer patients did not differ from the control group (p = 0.22) and was not correlated with any of the prostate cancer-related biomarkers (p > 0.05). However, Agatston scores of abdominal plaques correlated well with age (p < 0.001) and Framingham risk scores (p = 0.002).
Analysis of Major Bacteria and Diversity of Surface Soil to Discover Biomarkers Related to Soil Health
Authors: Kim Heejung , Park Yong-Ha , Yang Jae E. , Kim Hyuck-Soo , Kim Sung-Chul , Oh Eun-Ji , Moon Jinah , Cho Wonsil , Shin Wonsik , Yu Chaerim
Published: March 2022

The discovery of biomarkers for assessing soil health requires the exploration of organisms that can explain the core functions of soil and identification of species with major roles in these functions. However, identifying specific keystone markers within the soil microbiota is challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular-biological methods have revealed information on soil biodiversity; however, whether this biodiversity is related to soil health remains unclear. In this study, we performed NGS on grassland surface soil to compare the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetic diversity to determine the chemical soil quality and examined markers associated with soil health. Microorganisms associated with the nitrogen cycle, bioremediation, plant pathogenicity, antibiotic production, and material degradation showed potential for use as markers. To propose a framework for soil health assessment, we not only used traditional indicators, such as chemical and physical measures, but also assessed metagenomics data of soil by land use to identify the major factors influencing the microbial structure in soil. Moreover, major keystone species were identified. Furthermore, the microbial genetic diversity of generally healthy surface soil, such as forests, farmland, and parks, was determined. These findings provide basic data for exploring soil health-related biomarkers.
A Generic Prediction Approach for Optimal Control of Electrified Vehicles Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Deufel Felix , Gießler Martin , Gauterin Frank
Published: March 2022

In order to further increase the efficiency of electrified vehicle drives, various predictive energy management strategies (driving strategies) have been developed. Therefore, a generic prediction approach is worked out in this paper, which enables a robust prediction of all traction torque-relevant variables for such strategies. It is intended to be useful for various types of electrification; however, the focus of this work is to the application in hybrid electric vehicles. In contrast to other approaches, no additional information (e.g., telemetry data) is required and thus a reliable prediction is guaranteed at all times. In particular, approaches from the fields of stochastics and artificial intelligence have proven to be effective for such purposes. Within the scope of this work, both so-called Markov Chains and Neural Networks are applied to predict real driving profiles within a required time horizon. Therefore, at first, a detailed analysis of the driver-specific ride characteristics is performed to ensure that real-world operation is represented appropriately. Next, the two models are implemented and the calibration is further discussed. The subsequent direct comparison of the two approaches is performed based on the described methodology, which includes both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Hereby, the quality of the predictions is evaluated using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) calculations as well as analyses in time domain. Based on the presented results, an appropriate approach is finally recommended.
Dynamics of inflation in Russia and the USA (2000–2021)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Alekhin Boris Ivanovich
Published: March 2022

The subject matter of this research paper is price inflation in Russia and the United States as measured by the consumer price index from January of 2000 up to December of 2021 (264 monthly observations for each country). The research objective is to test the hypothesis of non-stationarity of inflation in both countries and the hypothesis of statistical independence of inflation in Russia from inflation in the United States. Within the first hypothesis we performed the unit root test with one structural break and estimated a long-memory parameter and persistence level of inflation. In both countries inflation appeared to be non-stationary, highly persistent and having a long memory. Within the second hypothesis Granger pair causality and Engle-Granger cointegration tests were performed. Inflation in Russia was not Granger-caused by US inflation, and both were not cointegrated. The major goal of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia and the Federal Reserve System is low and stable inflation. To achieve this goal both regulators use a variety of tools the primary one being change of targets for short-term interest rates on interbank money market to affect spending decisions and prices. But the tool is double edged sword. Low and stable inflation comes at the expense of economic growth.
Specifics of development of the digital economy in Uzbekistan
Authors:   Gubkin Russian State Univercity of Oil and Gas (Branch), Tashkent, Bobokhujaev Shukhrat Ismoilovich
Published: March 2022

The current stage of development of the digital economy (DE) in Uzbekistan is characterized by a period of formation and high rates of development. Taking into account the adopted legislative and regulatory framework for the development of the DE and the comprehensive program for the development of the National Information and Communication System of the Republic, significant results have been achieved. The analysis of the development indicators of the DE shows an increase in indicators, at the same time, the republic is not included in the list of countries actively developing the DE. Today, the banking system of Uzbekistan is actively introducing modern innovative ICT into activities, which is of great importance for the development of digitalization of banking activities. In the activity of the main division of the postal service of Uzbekistan represented by JSC "Uzbekistan Post" in recent years, there has been a deterioration in the main indicators. The assessment of the rating of the introduction of modern ICT at the enterprises of the republic, as well as numerous scientific studies carried out, showed that there are a number of problems. Despite the successes in the development of the republic’s DE, enterprises and organizations are noticeably lagging behind in the field of introducing digital technologies into their activities. In particular, there are all the prerequisites and conditions for the formation and effective functioning of the basic institutions of the DE, but at the same time there are significant barriers that hinder the further development of its institutional structure. To improve the situation, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive strategy for the digitalization of enterprises, focusing on the training of highly qualified professional personnel for the modern IT market, innovative development and accelerated technological advancement.
THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) IN INDRAGIRI HULU DISTRICT
Authors: Heriasman Heriasman
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is: To analyze the effect of economic growth and capital
expenditure simultaneously on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indragiri Hulu
Regency. To analyze the effect of partial economic growth on the Human Development Index
(HDI) in Indragiri Hulu Regency. To analyze the effect of capital expenditure partially on the
Human Development Index (HDI) in Indragiri Hulu Regency.
This research was conducted at the Regency of Idragiri Hulu, which lasted
approximately six months. The data obtained were analyzed denagn using multiple linear
regression, to test the effect between research variables.
From the results of the study found that if the variable Economic Growth (X1) and
Capital Expenditure (X2) the value is 0, then the Human Development Index (Y). if Economic
Growth (X1) rises by one percent and capital expenditure (X2) remains the Human
Development Index (Y) decreases. if capital expenditure (X2) increases by one percent and
Economic Growth (X1) remains the Human Development Index (Y) decreases. The relationship
between the variable Economic Growth and Capital Expenditure on the Human Development
Index (HDI) there is a strong and positive relationship. The Human Development Index (HDI)
of Indragiri Hulu Regency is influenced by Economic Growth and Capital Expenditures. F test
results show that simultaneous economic growth and capital expenditure do not significantly
influence the human development index (HDI) of Indragiri Hulu Regency. And the partial
hypothesis T test. Economic growth has a negative and not significant effect on the human
development index in Indragiri Hulu Regency. Partial capital expenditure has no significant
effect on the human development index of Indragiri Hulu Regency.
Analisis Komparasi Algoritma Klasifikasi Data Mining Dalam Klasifikasi Website Phishing
Authors: Putri Nabila Bianca , Wijayanto Arie Wahyu
Published: March 2022

Phishing adalah tindakan penipuan yang dilakukan untuk mencoba mendapatkan informasi penting dari user yang menggunakan internet dengan mengirim sejumlah e-mail palsu kepada para user. Teknik klasifikasi data mining dapat digunakan untuk prediksi website phishing. Banyak algoritma klasifikasi data mining yang dapat digunakan, sehingga perlu dilakukan komparasi untuk mengetahui tingkat akurasi dari masing-masing algoritma. Algoritma yang digunakan adalah NaÃ¯ve Bayes, Random Forest, Decision Tree, dan Support Vector Machine. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 1.353 data website. Hasil dari proses klasifikasi dievaluasi dengan menggunakan cross validation dan confusion matrix untuk mengetahui algoritma klasifikasi data mining yang paling akurat untuk prediksi website phishing.
Sistem Antrian Cucian Mobil Berbasis Website Menggunakan Konsep CRM dan Penerapan UML
Authors: Voutama Apriade
Published: March 2022

Kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang sangat cepat membuat semua aspek bdiang harus mengikutinya. Salah satunya adalah dunia usaha, dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi maka akan meningkatkan efisiensi di segala bidang. Pada pembahasan ini adalah bagaimana cara merancang sebuah sistem aplikasi Penjadwalan Antrian cuci mobil dengan Konsep CRM (Customer Relationship Managemen). CRM adalah srategi bisnis yang memadukan antara proses, manusia, dan teknologi sehingga menjadikan suatu proses bisnis lebih efektif dan efesien dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang dirancang. Dalam perancangan infrastruktur sistem aplikasi berbasis Web ini maka diperlukan adanya pemodelan perancangan yaitu UML (Unified Modeling languange). UML adalah pemodelan yang umum dan paling banyak digunakan dalam membantu proses perancangan sistem sehingga perlu penerapan pemodelan UML dengan benar baik secara teori maupun perancangan studi kasus, baik struktur aktor yang terlibat, aktifitas setiap aktor, proses dan mekanisme dari sistem Penjadwalan Antrian Cucian Mobil berbasis Website ini. Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan yaitu bahasa pemrograman PHP (Hypertext Prepocessor) dan basis data MySql (My Structured Query Language). Penerapan pemodelan UML maka dapat memberikan kemudakan perancangan dalam membatu proses pengkodingan menjadi sebuah Aplikasi Sistem Penjadwalan Antrian Cucian Mobil Berbasis Website. Dengan adanya Aplikasi ini maka dapat memberikan kemudahan baik dari owner maupun kostumer dari transakasi berlangsung secara online dan terkomputerisasikan dengan baik.
Prototipe Sistem Kontrol Pemadam Kebakaran Pada Rumah Berbasis Arduino Uno dan ESP8266
Authors: Indra Dolly , Alwi Erick Irawadi , Mubarak Muhammad Al
Published: March 2022

Kebakaran merupakan salah satu kejadian yang mengganggu kenyamanan pemilik rumah. Ketika terjadi kebakaran tidak ada peringatan dini kepada pemilik rumah yang bersangkutan. Dalam penanganannya juga sering kita temui pihak pemadam kebakaran sendiri kesulitan untuk memadamkan api. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan melakukan uji coba pada alat untuk memadamkan kebakaran rumah dengan output yang diberikan berupa nyala api dan asap menggunakan modul sensor api dan sensor MQ7. Hasil pengujian pada sensor api didapatkan jarak maksimal mendeteksi nyala api sebesar 120 cm. Sensor MQ7 mendeteksi asap ketika kadar asap melebihi 100 PPM. Sensor DHT22 dapat membaca suhu ruangan dengan nilai akurasi 97,1%. Tingkat keberhasilan sistem ketika bekerja pada ruang tamu sebesar 100%, kamar 1 sebesar 100%, kamar 2 sebesar 100% dan kamar mandi 100%. Tingkat persentase rata-rata keberhasilan keseluruhan sistem dalam bekerja sebesar 100%.

Kata Kunci â€“ Arduno uno, kebakaran rumah, Esp8266, sensor api, MQ7, DHT22.
Méthode audio-orale de l'entrainement au "Running commentary" d'un texte anglais
Authors: Graham Irène
Published: March 2022

La recherche menée au laboratoire de langues de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Fontenay-aux-Roses avec un groupe d’élèves préparant l'oral anglais du CAPES de Lettres Modernes démontre que les nouvelles techniques audio-orales permettent de transformer un cours de langues, normalement tenu en classe, en cours programmé au laboratoire de langues. Il s'agit de l'entraînement à l'explication de texte en anglais exigé à ce concours. La recherche s'est concrétisée en une méthode enregistrée sur bande magnétique et programmée à titre de 2 heures de travail par semaine pour une année scolaire de 24 semaines. Les avantages et désavantages pédagogiques de ce cours programmé par rapport au cours classique sont analysés.
Peut-on comparer l'acquisition d'une seconde langue à l'âge adulte à celle de la langue maternelle ?
Authors: Cabrejo-Parra Evelio
Published: March 2022

Systematische Beobachtung und Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Muttersprache nach einer bestimmten Ordnung und in einer Reihe aufeinanderfolgender Etappen erlernt wird. Die Notwendigkeit einer solchen Ordnung lässt vermuten, dass eine gewisse Parallelität zwischen Spracherwerb und Kognitiver Entwicklung besteht. Beim Erwachsenen wäre die Anwendung einer solchen Verfahrensweise zur Erlernung einer Zweitsprache ohne grossen Nutzen, da seine kognitive Entwicklung in gerwisser Weise schon abgeschlossen ist.
De l'importance du language dans l'enseignement des mathématiques
Authors: Delavault Huguette
Published: March 2022

Le problème du langage dans l'enseignement des mathématiques est envisagé sous deux aspects :

1) L'interprétation en langue courante d'un résultat exprimé symboliquement et la lecture d'un texte mathématique qui s'apparente au problème de la traduction mais avec une spécificité due & la précision et la concision du langage mathématique et à l'utilisation d'éléments non verbaux.

2) L'adéquation du langage de l'enseignant et du livre à celui des élèves qui se pose dans tout enseignement mais où l'aide des linguistiques et des professeurs de langue étrangère serait précieuse.

Ces problèmes ne sont que posés et quelques exemples donnés afin de susciter quelques recherches interdisciplinaires.
Espaces administratifs et territoires agricoles
Authors: Rey Violette
Published: March 2022

La superficie agricole diffère selon que l'on mesure toutes les terres porteuses de récolte ou seulement l'espace exploité par les agriculteurs. Dans le cas des labours et des prés et pour les deux dates de 1955 et 1970 nous avons cherché si la répartition départementale de l'inégale différence de mesure avait une signification géographique et si elle pouvait contribuer à appréhender le phénomène d'éclatement des exploitations agricoles à grande distance. Les résultats de cette confrontation restent complexes et délicats à interpréter.